Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of gelatin particles aggregation less-sensitive method for HIV-1 antibody in human gingival crevicular fluid

This study detected the HIV-1 antibody in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) using gelatin particles aggregation less-sensitive (PA-LS) method, which aimed to provide a foundation for non-invasive HIV infection test in dental clinic. GCF samples and serum samples were collected from three groups, including HIV-1 positive group, drug users group and general population group. Simultaneously the HIV-1 antibodies in GCF samples were detected by PA-LS, and the HIV-1 antibodies in serum samples were screened by ELISA and confirmed by western blot. According to the final results of western blot, it was evaluated about the sensitivity, specificity, omission diagnostic rate, mistake diagnostic rate, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PA-LS method. For HIV-1 positive group, the sensitivity of PA-LS used to detect HIV-1 antibody in GCF samples was 100%, the omission diagnostic rate was 0. For drug users group, when used to detect the HIV-1 antibody, the sensitivity, specificity, omission diagnostic rate, mistake diagnostic rate, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PA-LS were 100%, 99.10%, 0%, 0.90%, 95.57%, and 100%, respectively; the results of ELISA/WB and PA-LS had a high consistency (Kappa >0.8, P<0.01) and no significant difference (P>0.05). For general population, all GCF samples showed HIV-1 antibody negative results. In this study, PA-LS used to test HIV-1 antibody in GCF samples showed a good effect, and was non-invasive, simple, cost-effective compared to ELISA used to detect HIV-1 antibody in serum samples.
Efficient harvest regimes for a sedentary fishery : The case of the Eastern Oyster in the Chesapeake Bay

We investigate the role of harvest sanctuaries and reserves in the management of a sedentary fishery. An optimal control bioeconomic model is developed and optimized for native oysters in the Chesapeake Bay that incorporates two positive externalities generated by oyster stocks: nutrient removal and provision of habitat for other benthic species. The model incorporates four management regimes that currently exist in the Bay: public grounds, aquaculture on leased grounds, sanctuaries that are never harvested, and reserves that are infrequently harvested for short periods. We find that if harvest effort in public grounds can be controlled, then that management regime unambiguously provides the highest social welfare. However, if harvest effort in public grounds cannot be controlled, then reserves provide the highest social welfare. Sanctuaries are part of the optimal mix of regimes only when harvest effort on public grounds cannot be controlled and a pulsed harvest is not feasible.
Gender, Violence, Refugees - An Introduction

Providing nuanced accounts of how the social identities of men and women, the context of displacement and the experience or manifestation of violence interact, this collection offers conceptual analyses and in-depth case studies to illustrate how gender relations are affected by displacement, encampment and return. The essays show how these factors lead to various forms of direct, indirect and structural violence. This ranges from discussions of norms reflected in policy documents and practise, the relationship between relief structures and living conditions in camps, to forced military recruitment and forced return, and covers countries in Africa, Asia and Europe.
Overcoming the bottleneck in traditional assessments of verbal memory: Modeling human ratings and classifying clinical group membership

Verbal memory is affected by numerous clinical conditions and most neuropsychological and clinical examinations evaluate it. However, a bottleneck exists in such endeavors because traditional methods require expert human review, and usually only a couple of test versions exist, thus limiting the frequency of administration and clinical applications. The present study overcomes this bottleneck by automating the administration, transcription, analysis and scoring of story recall. A large group of healthy participants (n = 120) and patients with mental illness (n = 105) interacted with a mobile application that administered a wide range of assessments, including verbal memory. The resulting speech generated by participants when retelling stories from the memory task was transcribed using automatic speech recognition tools, which was compared with human transcriptions (overall word error rate = 21%). An assortment of surface-level and semantic language-based features were extracted from the verbal recalls. A final set of three features were used to both predict expert human ratings with a ridge regression model (r = 0.88) and to differentiate patients from healthy individuals with an ensemble of logistic regression classifiers (accuracy = 76%). This is the first ‘outside of the laboratory’ study to showcase the viability of the complete pipeline of automated assessment of verbal memory in naturalistic settings.
ENHANCED ELECTRIC FIELD AND PONDEROMOTIVE PHENOMENA IN A NONUNIFORM EDGE PLASMA

Nonlinear phenomena stimulated by enhanced longitudinal electric field arising near the metal surfaces in helicon plasmas are analyzed theoretically. Ponderomotive effect giving rise to nonlinear instability of the edge plasma, and stochastic electron heating that increases the rf power absorption and plasma generation are considered. Experimental evidences for non-equilibrium electron energy distributions including a population of fast particles with mean energies of the order of a few tens electron-volts are presented. PACS: 52.35. Hr, 52.40. Db, 52.50. Dg
Remote sensing space weather events : the AARDDVARK network

The Antarctic-Arctic Radiation-belt (Dynamic) Deposition VLF Atmospheric Research Konsortium (AARDDVARK) provides a network of continuous long-range observations of the lower-ionosphere in the polar regions. Our ultimate aim is to develop the network of sensors to detect changes in ionization levels from ~30-90 km altitude, globally, continuously, and with high time resolution, with the goal of increasing the understanding of energy coupling between the Earth's atmosphere, the Sun, and space. This science area impacts our knowledge of space weather processes, global atmospheric change, communications, and navigation. The joint New Zealand-United Kingdom AARDDVARK is a new extension of a well-established experimental technique, allowing long-range probing of ionization changes at comparatively low altitudes. Most other instruments which can probe the same altitudes are limited to essentially overhead measurements. At this stage AARDDVARK is essentially unique, as similar systems are only deployed at a regional level. The AARDDVARK network has contributed to the scientific understanding of a growing list of space weather science topics including solar proton events, the descent of NOx into the middle atmosphere, substorms, precipitation of energetic electrons by plasmaspheric hiss and EMIC waves, the impact of coronal mass ejections upon the radiation belts, and relativistic electron microbursts. Future additions to the receiver network will increase the science potential and provide global coverage of space weather event signatures.
Excess Capacity and Entry Deterrence: The Case of Malaysian Palm Oil Refining Industry

This paper empirically examines the relationship between excess capacity and probability of entry into Malaysian palm oil refining industry using time series data. Capacity and production, two components crucial to the study of excess capacity, were included in the estimation model. The analysis was conducted specifically in the Malaysian palm oil refining industry and the sample covered the period from 1976 to 2011. Logit model was employed in this analysis, where the results exhibited that excess capacity does not significantly influence probability of entry into the palm oil refining industry in Malaysia.
PREVALENCE OF EIMERIA SPECIES IN BUFFALO CALVES OF HARYANA

To study the prevalence of Eimeria species in buffalo-calves in Haryana, a total of 427 faecal samples were collected from four districts of Haryana namely, Fatehabad, Hisar, Bhiwani and Sirsa. Parasitological examination was carried out using saturated salt (NaCl) solution and sporulation was done using 2.5% potassium dichromate solution at 27C to identify the species. Overall prevalence of Eimeria species was 57.84%. Based on the morphological characteristics and sporulation time, eleven species of Eimeria were identified, which included E. bareillyi (38.46%), E. bovis (34.81%), E. zuernii (31.98%), E. subspherica (29.96%), E. canadensis (19.43%), E. alabamensis (12.9%), E. ellipsoidalis (9.31%), E. cylindrica (8.09%), E. auburnensis (7.29%), E. wyomingensis (6.07%) and E. pellita (4.45%). Prevalence among male calves (69.39%) was significantly higher (p<0.01) as compared to females (48.05%). Similarly, calves of 0-3 months of age showed significantly higher (p<0.01) infection (63.14%) than 4-6 months old calves (43.47%). Out of 247 positive samples, 118 had monoinfection, 40 had two Eimeria species, 65 had three species and 24 had multiple species with 47.77%, 16.19%, 26.31% and 9.72% prevalence, respectively. Eimeria pellita has been recorded for the first time in Haryana.
STUDY ON HUNGARIAN STUDENTS’ ETHNOCENTRIC CONSUMER ATTITUDE

In our globalised world experts think that consumer ethnocentrism can be a key factor in the brand management of companies. First of all, companies should be able to attract ethnocentric customers and retain them for a longer period. The study presents the basics of consumer ethnocentric behaviour and its influencing factors. Apart from these it also describes the results of an exploratory research among university students to prepare and justify an international research project. The study introduces the consumer ethnocentric behaviour and its influencing factors, and besides these the study also illustrates the results of an exploratory research conducted among students as a basis for a more significant international survey later on.
Investigating research approaches: Classroom-based interaction studies in physical and virtual contexts

Abstract This article investigates research approaches used in traditional classroom-based interaction studies for identifying a suitable research method for studies in three-dimensional virtual learning environments (3DVLEs). As opportunities for language learning and teaching in virtual worlds emerge, so too do new research questions. An understanding of research design benefits and limitations is timely for those exploring how interaction occurs between users, and users and the virtual space, and how these interactions make sense within a broader theoretical framework. As a first step, the article describes the types of interaction that are significant to classroom-based research studies, such as learner–learner. This is followed by a historical overview of research approaches and methods used in interaction studies, from early quantitative, to descriptive and qualitative, to mixed-method approaches. Following this overview, the author critically surveys research approaches, methods, analytical tools, and data collection techniques used in physical and virtual second language classroom interaction studies. The article concludes by highlighting the implications and research considerations for the design of new research studies in 3DVLEs.
Design of a Freeze Plug for the Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)

In this report, the design of a freeze plug which is one of the safety component in generation IV Molten Salt Reactor (MSR), is studied. From the experience of Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster, it is preferred to remove the decay heat from reactor core, passively i.e without mechanical or electrical assistance. This decay heat calculation is adopted from [16] but rest of the engineering aspects of the freeze plug with respect to the current MSR design is unknown. Further the solid properties of salt LiF − ThF4 (78% − 22%) used in the MSR, is unknown. Hence the reactor core with a freeze plug system is studied using water/ice data. A simplified model with a rectangular cross section of freeze plug is adopted to study the heat transfer from reactor core to plug. The mathematical model initially formulated with decay heat comprising of a moving interface and time dependant boundary condition is too complex to establish preliminary understanding. This is further simplified to a constant temperature boundary condition with moving interface and conduction as dominant heat transfer for which the analytical solution is available. These analytical results are compared with experiment performed by Ramazan Kahraman et al. [9]. The results show very large melting times in absence of heat source. Also, interface position curve for pure conduction model deviates from the experimental results in which convective effects are also dominant. Further, sensitivity analysis is performed which shows strong dependence of interface position on thermal conductivity and latent heat of fusion.
Radiation-induced heart disease: a review of classification, mechanism and prevention

With the increasing incidence of thoracic tumors, radiation therapy (RT) has become an important component of comprehensive treatment. RT improves survival in many cancers, but it involves some inevitable complications. Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the most serious complications. RIHD comprises a spectrum of heart disease including cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease and conduction system abnormalities. There are numerous clinical manifestations of RIHD, such as chest pain, palpitation, and dyspnea, even without obvious symptoms. Based on previous studies, the pathogenesis of RIHD is related to the production and effects of various cytokines caused by endothelial injury, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress (OS). Therefore, it is of great importance for clinicians to identify the mechanism and propose interventions for the prevention of RIHD.
A Cross Section of Equity Returns : The No-Arbitrage Test By Pongrapeeporn Abhakorn

We propose a new test based on the no-arbitrage condition that compares cross-sectional variation in equity returns to the cross-sectional variation in their conditional covariance with the discount factors. Using the multivariate generalized heteroskedasticity in mean model (MGM) to estimate the 25 portfolios formed on size and book-to-market ratio, together with each with its own arbitrage condition, we find that the no-arbitrage test rejects the consumption-based capital asset pricing model (C-CAPM). Although the conditional covariances of returns with consumption exhibit negative variation across size, they do not vary across the book-to-market ratio. Thus, the C-CAPM can capture size effect, but not value effect. Allowing the coefficients on the consumption covariances to be different largely improves the fit of the C-CAPM, however. The value effect appears to be associated with book-to-market ratio as well as size. Book-to-market ratio separately does not generate information about average returns that cannot be explained by the C-CAPM. JEL Classification: G12, G14, C32, E44
H . pylori infection Gastric cancer Chronic gastritis Atrophic gastritis Intestinal metaplasia Displasia Superficial gastritis Days , weeks Months , years Decades Decades Decades

Gastric cancer is one of the main causes of death by cancer in the world and the infection with Helicobacter pylori is one of the main risk factors associated with its appearance. Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa, infecting about half of the world ́s population. The pathological effects caused by infections with H. pylori greatly depend on an IV type secretion system encoded in the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI). In this review, we describe the composition of the cagPAI, the alterations of cellular signaling pathways mediated by cagPAI which regulate oncogenic cellular responses that may increase the risk of malignant transformation associated with the infection and the importance of polymorphisms in cagPAI genes as potential markers of progression to gastric cancer.
On high dimensional regression : computational and statistical perspectives École Normale Supérieure

This dissertation essentially covers the work done by the author as a “Maître de Conférences” at the Laboratoire de Traitement et Communication de l’Information (LTCI), at Télécom ParisTech, since December 2012. During this period, the author strengthened his contributions to high-dimensional statistics and in particular sparse regression methods. In particular, the main focus of the dissertation is on computational aspects and to speed-up algorithms for Lasso-type problems, on means to better take into account the unknown noise and on corrections against the bias non-smooth convex regression methods suffer from. This report is not meant to present comprehensive description of the results developed by the author, but rather a synthetic view of his main contributions. The interested reader may consult the referenced articles for additional details and more precise treatment of the topics presented here.
FGF 10 Signaling differences between type I pleuropulmonary blastoma and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation

Background: Type I pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CCAM) are cystic lung diseases of childhood. Their clinical and radiological presentations are often similar, and pathologic discrimination remains difficult in many cases. As a consequence, type I PPB and CCAM are frequently confused, leading to delayed adequate management for type I PPB. Recent studies have suggested a role for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 10 signal pathway in CCAM pathogenesis. The objective of our study was to determine whether FGF10 signaling differs between CCAM and type I PPB. Methods: Immunohistochemical studies were performed for expression of FGF10, its receptor FGFR2b, and its inhibitor sonic hedgehog (SHH) in focal type I PPB (n=6), CCAM type I (n=7), CCAM type II (n=7), and control lungs (n=5). Results: FGF10, FGFR2b, and SHH expressions differed markedly between type I PPB and both types of CCAM. Type I and type II CCAM cystic walls expressed FGF10, FGFR2b, and SHH, whereas staining was absent or poor in type I PBB cystic walls. Expression of FGF10, FGFR2b, and SHH did not differ between CCAM cystic walls and control airway walls. Conclusions: These findings show that immunohistochemistry with FGF10, FGFR2b, or SHH could be useful in differentiating CCAM from type I PPB, when a child presents with a focal cystic lung lesion. The absence of strong expression of FGF10, FGFR2b, and/or SHH makes the diagnosis of CCAM very doubtful.
PM Theoretical analysis of Dynamic General Equilibrium model

Central Bank is one of the most important institutions of a country because its responsibility is to draw and implement the monetary policy. The central bank, in order to accomplish this responsibility, has to have a clearly defined main objective, the instruments that will use to achieve the objective, and it should be able to make precise or very good forecasts of macroeconomic variables. In order to make these forecasts, the central bank should first of all understand every monetary transmission mechanism and determine the most effective one. The success or non-success of monetary policy, living apart the other factors, depends on the monetary regime implemented in the country. In the last years, a lot of countries have implemented the inflation targeting regime. One of the conditions of the implementation of the inflation targeting regime is that the central bank should be able to make precise forecasts. For this reason, the structural macroeconomic models, in these days, have became very used because the central banks have used these models as a basis for the policy decision-making based in forecasts. The main goal of these models is to provide a more structured input for the monetary policy decision making, helping to create a full ‘history’ and helping to explain the consequences of different external shocks and different policy rules.Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model is one of the most used forecasting models in the countries that have implemented the inflation targeting regime. Albania is one of the countries that want to formally implement the inflation targeting regime and give up the monetary targeting regime. Now for now Bank of Albania is using the MEAM model as a macroeconomic model of forecasting. In we look at the experience of the other countries that have implemented the inflation targeting regime and the recommendations of the foreign experts, we can conclude that Bank of Albania should work and should evaluate a DSGE model. This is the main reason why this paper is focused on the theoretical analysis of the DSGE model. In the paper will be presented arguments that explain why this is a good forecasting model for Albania. The arguments will be given based on the analysis of the characteristics of this type of model. Also in this paper we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this type of model. This analysis will help us strengthen the arguments about the necessity of use of this model from Bank of Albania.
Repeated Games with Observable Actions in Continuous Time: Costly Transfers in Repeated Cooperation

I propose a way to formulate and solve for sub-game perfect equilibria of continuous-time repeated games with both observable and unobservable actions. The main idea is to study directly self-enforcing agreements corresponding to the interaction, without setting up the full extensive-form game. To discipline observable deviations, I restrict that players are stuck with their deviations for a small amount of time. This restriction simultaneously makes the model tractable and ensures that agreements are well defined. To illustrate, I consider a setting with two players colluding with imperfectly observable productive actions and observable money transfers. Transfers are costly: only a fraction of the amount sent is delivered. I introduce self-enforcing public agreements, which mimic pure-strategy public perfect equilibria from discrete time. For a fixed interest rate, I characterize the set of payoffs attainable in such agreements. In optimal agreements, costly transfers are used rarely, only when the participation constraint of either player binds.
Podocyte Injury : Lessons Learned From Animal Models A Play in Five Acts

Just a decade ago, our knowledge of podocyte injury in animal models was rudimentary. We recognized 2 major paradigms of irreversible podocyte injury leading to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The first is direct podocyte injury due to exposure to such cell toxins as puromycin aminonucleoside and adriamycin/dauxorubicin (1). These toxic models fostered the concept of primary podocyte injury in the pathogenesis of foot process effacement and glomerulosclerosis. By contrast, renal ablation models pointed to glomerular hypertension (elevated glomerular capillary pressures and flow rates) as the primary pathophysiologic process in the course of adaptive responses to reduced number of functioning nephrons or other glomerular stress, in turn causing secondary podocyte injury (2). These basic paradigms form the conceptual dichotomy between “primary” and “secondary” (post-adaptive) FSGS. Only in the past few years has the molecular basis for these pathologic alterations been elucidated through a greater understanding of podocyte biology.