Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Encapsulated whey–native yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus as a feed additive for animal production

ABSTRACT Whey is the main byproduct of the cheese industry. While the composition is variable, it retains up to 55% of milk nutrients. The beneficial features of whey indicates a promising source of new potentially probiotic strains for the development of food additives destined for animal production. The aim of this study was to identify Kluyveromyces spp. isolated from whey, to study some probiotic properties and to select the best strain to be encapsulated using derivatised chitosan. Kluyveromyces marxianus strains (VM003, VM004 and VM005) were isolated from whey and identified by phenotypic and molecular techniques. These three yeast strains were able to survive under gastrointestinal conditions. Moreover, they exhibited weak auto-aggregation and co-aggregation with pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella sp., Serratia sp., Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium). In general the K. marxianus strains had a strong antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The potential probiotic K. marxianus VM004 strain was selected for derivatised-chitosan encapsulation. Material treated with native chitosan exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity of K. marxianus, showing a total growth inhibition at 10 min exposure. However, derivatised-chitosan encapsulation showed a reduced antimicrobial activity. This is the first study to show some probiotic properties of whey–native K. marxianus, in vitro. An encapsulation strategy was applied using derivatised chitosan.
Analytical determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol analogues in paper products by GC-MS/MS

ABSTRACT Bisphenol A (BPA; 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol), a suspected endocrine disruptor with a weak estrogenic activity, is used in a variety of consumer products, including food-contact materials made of paper and cardboard products. Due to restrictions on the use of BPA because of its potential health risks, BPA is gradually being replaced by other bisphenols because no limitations exist for these substances. This study presents a method for the simultaneous analysis of BPA, bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) in paper and board products using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Paper samples were extracted by liquid extraction, as well as by Folch extraction, derivatised with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and the results compared. The developed method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9965) and precision, yielding relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 16.6% for reproducibility and 19.8% for repeatability. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for the different bisphenols ranged from 0.23 to 2.70 µg kg–1 paper and from 0.78 to 9.10 µg kg–1 paper, respectively. Analysis of different paper products (recycled, virgin fibre) showed that all the analysed bisphenols were present in the samples, except for BPAF and BPB. A calculation of the ‘worst-case’ scenario assuming a maximum potential migration of 100% of the analytes into food showed that the analysed products can be assumed to be safe regarding the migration of bisphenols.
Immunodeficiency and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 and cervical cancer: A nested case‐control study in the Swiss HIV cohort study

HIV‐infected women are at increased risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC), but it has been difficult to disentangle the influences of heavy exposure to HPV infection, inadequate screening and immunodeficiency. A case‐control study including 364 CIN2/3 and 20 ICC cases matched to 1,147 controls was nested in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (1985–2013). CIN2/3 risk was significantly associated with low CD4+ cell counts, whether measured as nadir [odds ratio (OR) per 100‐cell/μL decrease = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22], or at CIN2/3 diagnosis (1.10, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.16). An association was evident even for nadir CD4+ 200–349 versus ≥350 cells/μL (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.25). After adjustment for nadir CD4+, a protective effect of >2‐year cART use was seen against CIN2/3 (OR versus never cART use = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.98). Despite low study power, similar associations were seen for ICC, notably with nadir CD4+ (OR for 50 vs. >350 cells/μL= 11.10, 95% CI: 1.24, 100). HPV16‐L1 antibodies were significantly associated with CIN2/3, but HPV16‐E6 antibodies were nearly exclusively detected in ICC. In conclusion, worsening immunodeficiency, even at only moderately decreased CD4+ cell counts, is a significant risk factor for CIN2/3 and cervical cancer.
1H NMR metabolomics analysis of renal cell carcinoma cells: Effect of VHL inactivation on metabolism

Von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) is an onco‐suppressor involved in oxygen and energy‐dependent promotion of protein ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. Loss of function mutations of VHL (VHL‐cells) result in organ specific cancers with the best studied example in renal cell carcinomas. VHL has a well‐established role in deactivation of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF‐1) and in regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR activity. Cell culture metabolomics analysis was utilized to determined effect of VHL and HIF‐1α or HIF‐2α on metabolism of renal cell carcinomas (RCC). RCC cells were stably transfected with VHL or shRNA designed to silence HIF‐1α or HIF‐2α genes. Obtained metabolic data was analysed qualitatively, searching for overall effects on metabolism as well as quantitatively, using methods developed in our group in order to determine specific metabolic changes. Analysis of the effect of VHL and HIF silencing on cellular metabolic footprints and fingerprints provided information about the metabolic pathways affected by VHL through HIF function as well as independently of HIF. Through correlation network analysis as well as statistical analysis of significant metabolic changes we have determined effects of VHL and HIF on energy production, amino acid metabolism, choline metabolism as well as cell regulation and signaling. VHL was shown to influence cellular metabolism through its effect on HIF proteins as well as by affecting activity of other factors.
Receptor binding assay for the detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins: comparison to the mouse bioassay and applicability under regulatory use

ABSTRACT The receptor-binding assay (RBA) method for the detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins was evaluated for its overall performance in comparison with the mouse bioassay (MBA). An initial study to evaluate the effects of filtering shellfish extracts prior to running the RBA indicated no significant difference between filtered and unfiltered extracts on the determined saxitoxin (STX) concentrations. Next, we tested the RBA assay on 295 naturally contaminated mussel tissue samples, ranging in concentrations from 320 µg STX equiv. kg−1 to 13,000 µg STX equiv. kg−1 by MBA. An overall trend was observed with the RBA giving higher results (256 µg STX equiv. kg−1 on average) than the MBA; however, at low concentrations (< 500 µg STX equiv. kg−1) the RBA results were marginally lower. A third study was conducted using spiked mussel tissue analysed by three independent laboratories, two of which performed the RBA and one the MBA. This multi-laboratory study again showed the RBA to give higher results than the MBA; however, it also revealed that STX determination was accurate by the RBA, unlike the MBA. To optimise the assay for efficient usage under regulatory practice, three suggestions have been made: the use of an initial screening plate to separate those samples that exceed the alert level; use of rapid PSP test kits in the field and in the laboratory for screening negative samples and for early detection of toxicity; and use of an alternate commercially available porcine membrane in place of the laboratory-prepared rat membrane homogenate. The large number of samples analysed and the diversity of the tests conducted in this study further support the RBA as an affordable rapid method for STX detection that is also free of the routine sacrifice of live animals.
Cancer incidence among Asian American populations in the United States, 2009–2011

Cancer incidence disparities exist among specific Asian American populations. However, the existing reports exclude data from large metropoles like Chicago, Houston and New York. Moreover, incidence rates by subgroup have been underestimated due to the exclusion of Asians with unknown subgroup. Cancer incidence data for 2009 to 2011 for eight states accounting for 68% of the Asian American population were analyzed. Race for cases with unknown subgroup was imputed using stratified proportion models by sex, age, cancer site and geographic regions. Age‐standardized incidence rates were calculated for 17 cancer sites for the six largest Asian subgroups. Our analysis comprised 90,709 Asian and 1,327,727 non‐Hispanic white cancer cases. Asian Americans had significantly lower overall cancer incidence rates than non‐Hispanic whites (336.5 per 100,000 and 541.9 for men, 299.6 and 449.3 for women, respectively). Among specific Asian subgroups, Filipino men (377.4) and Japanese women (342.7) had the highest overall incidence rates while South Asian men (297.7) and Korean women (275.9) had the lowest. In comparison to non‐Hispanic whites and other Asian subgroups, significantly higher risks were observed for colorectal cancer among Japanese, stomach cancer among Koreans, nasopharyngeal cancer among Chinese, thyroid cancer among Filipinos, and liver cancer among Vietnamese. South Asians had remarkably low lung cancer risk. Overall, Asian Americans have a lower cancer risk than non‐Hispanic whites, except for nasopharyngeal, liver and stomach cancers. The unique portrayal of cancer incidence patterns among specific Asian subgroups in this study provides a new baseline for future cancer surveillance research and health policy.
Investigating the role of tumour cell derived iNOS on tumour growth and vasculature in vivo using a tetracycline regulated expression system

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical signalling molecule involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Both tumouricidal and tumour promoting effects have been attributed to NO, making its role in cancer biology controversial and unclear. To investigate the specific role of tumour‐derived NO in vascular development, C6 glioma cells were genetically modified to include a doxycycline regulated gene expression system that controls the expression of an antisense RNA to inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to manipulate endogenous iNOS expression. Xenografts of these cells were propagated in the presence or absence of doxycycline. Susceptibility magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), initially with a carbogen (95% O2/5% CO2) breathing challenge and subsequently an intravascular blood pool contrast agent, was used to assess haemodynamic vasculature (ΔR2*) and fractional blood volume (fBV), and correlated with histopathological assessment of tumour vascular density, maturation and function. Inhibition of NO production in C6 gliomas led to significant growth delay and inhibition of vessel maturation. Parametric fBV maps were used to identify vascularised regions from which the carbogen‐induced ΔR2* was measured and found to be positively correlated with vessel maturation, quantified ex vivo using fluorescence microscopy for endothelial and perivascular cell staining. These data suggest that tumour‐derived iNOS is an important mediator of tumour growth and vessel maturation, hence a promising target for anti‐vascular cancer therapies. The combination of ΔR2* response to carbogen and fBV MRI can provide a marker of tumour vessel maturation that could be applied to non‐invasively monitor treatment response to iNOS inhibitors.
Kinetic evaluation and modeling for batch degradation of 2-hydroxybiphenyl and 2,2´-dihydroxybiphenyl by Corynebacterium variabilis Sh42

abstract This study evaluated the biodegradation kinetics of 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) and 2,2′-dihydroxybiphenyl (2,2′-DHBP) with different initial concentrations range S 0 (5–50 mg/L) using suspended cultures of Corynebacterium variabilis Sh42 with fixed initial biomass concentration X 0 (315.8 mg/L) in a series of batch experiments. The cultures followed substrate inhibition kinetics. By fitting specific growth rates μ (h−1) on suitable substrate inhibition models, biokinetic constants that are necessary to understand the kinetics of biodegradation process were evaluated by POLYMATH 6.1 software. Although Haldane and Yano and Koga (2) biokinetic equations for substrate inhibition seem to be the best adequate expressions for specific growth rates on 2-HBP and 2,2′-DHBP, respectively, an evident disagreement was observed between experimental and simulated profiles for bacterial growth X (mg/L) and substrate concentration S (mg/L). Correlation and simulation studies using a new proposed model based on mod.
Fragmentation of the medial coronoid process of the ulna in dogs: A study of 109 cases

The results of a combined retrospective and prospective study of 130 cases of fragmented coronoid process (FCP) in 109 dogs are presented. Sixty‐eight cases were treated surgically by medial elbow arthrotomy and 62 were treated medically (rest and anti‐inflammatories). Case records were searched with the emphasis on the severity of lameness, physical abnormalities and in surgical cases, the appearance of the coronoid process lesion. Long term follow‐up was obtained by a telephone survey. Analysis of case histories and physical data revealed no correlation between severity of lameness before treatment, severity of radiographic changes in the elbow joint and the type of lesion found at surgery. Surgical treatment did not decrease the incidence of post treatment lameness, but the surgically treated dogs were more active and less severely lame than those treated without surgery. It was concluded that young dogs with mild lameness due to FCP in the elbow probably do not benefit from surgical treatment but dogs with chronic, moderate to severe lameness have a better prognosis if treated surgically.
A New Prognostic Classification After Primary Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Residual Disease in Breast and Nodes (RDBN)

Purpose:Several factors have been shown to correlate with prognosis of patients with breast carcinoma. Among the most useful are node involvement, tumor size, and pathologic grade. These factors retained their prognostic value when assessed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods:Previously we used a revised Nottingham prognostic index and defined 3 related indices (breast grading index, modified Nottingham prognostic index, and modified breast grading index) that were also significantly related to overall survival and disease-free survival. To assess the postchemotherapy risk globally, we have combined the 3 pathologic factors to design a specific classification to evaluate residual disease. This new classification includes 4 risk levels (levels 1–4) according to residual disease magnitude after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 710 patients with operable breast cancer. Results:This classification resulted in significantly different results for overall survival (P < 10−7) and disease-free survival (P = 8.3 × 10−7). Conclusion:This classification should help us in the selection of subgroups of patients for further adjuvant treatment.
Psychology of Physical Activity: Determinants, Well-being, and Interventions

Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this psychology of physical activity determinants well being and interventions, how can you bargain with the thing that has many benefits for you?
Epithelial Appendiceal Neoplasms

The appendiceal malignancies usually arise within a mucocele. The tumor within this structure can be minimally aggressive or of an invasive character. If a low-grade appendiceal malignancy is removed intact, recurrence does not occur. If rupture of the wall of the mucocele occurs with either low-grade or high-grade disease, the epithelial cells within will disseminate to the peritoneal surfaces. Sometimes a second-look surgery must be performed to determine if intraperitoneal spread of mucus and cancer cells has occurred. If the diagnosis of peritoneal dissemination of an appendiceal malignancy has been established, a new treatment with curative intent is indicated. Cytoreductive surgery is combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy as a comprehensive management plan. In approximately 900 patients treated at the Washington Cancer Institute, the quantitative prognostic indicators for appendiceal cancer with peritoneal dissemination have been determined. Patients with a complete cytoreduction and low-grade tumor have an 80% survival at 20 years; with high-grade tumors, the survival drops to approximately 45%. The extent of malignancy present within the abdomen by the peritoneal cancer index has a significant impact on survival for both high-grade and low-grade disease. The most important indicator is the completeness of cytoreduction; for both high-grade and low-grade disease, all patients with an incomplete cytoreduction have died by 10 years. The presence versus absence of lymph nodal metastases on survival have minimal significance (P = 0.0495). These results of treatment can be achieved with a 19% incidence of severe complications and a 2% mortality.
Invasive Fusobacterium nucleatum may play a role in the carcinogenesis of proximal colon cancer through the serrated neoplasia pathway

The prevalence of invasive Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) within the serrated neoplasia pathway of the proximal colon has seldom been investigated. We examined the invasive Fn and bacterial biofilms in 35 proximal hyperplastic polyps (HPs), 33 sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs), 48 proximal colorectal cancers (CRCs) and 10 matched metastatic lymph nodes using 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Samples of normal mucosa, traditional adenomas (TAs), distal HPs, distal CRCs and matched lymph nodes with or without metastases were used as controls. The prevalence of invasive Fn within proximal HPs (65.7%) and SSAs (78.8%) were significantly higher than that of proximal TAs (28.9%) and distal TAs (24.4%; p < 0.05). Invasive Fn was detected in markedly more proximal CRCs (89.6%) than in distal CRCs (42.2%; p < 0.05). Moreover, invasive Fn was detected in a significantly higher proportion of matched metastatic lymph nodes (100%) than that within nonmetastatic lymph nodes (40.0%; p < 0.001). Bacterial biofilms were found on 52.1% of proximal CRCs, 55.6% of distal CRCs and 48.5% of SSAs. Biofilms were positive for Fn in 47.9% of proximal CRCs, 48.9% of distal CRCs and 27.3% of SSAs. However, the presence of Fn in biofilms was not related to invasive Fn within colorectal tissues (p = 0.415). Invasive Fn may play a role in the carcinogenesis of proximal colon developing via the serrated neoplasia pathway, but might have a less important role in the TA‐carcinoma sequence. Bacterial biofilms may not contribute to the invasion of Fn into tumor tissues.
Palliative resection of the primary tumor is associated with improved overall survival in incurable stage IV colorectal cancer: A nationwide population‐based propensity‐score adjusted study in the Netherlands

As the value of palliative primary tumor resection in stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) is still under debate, the purpose of this population‐based study was to investigate if palliative primary tumor resection as the initial treatment after diagnosis was associated with improved overall survival. All patients with stage IV colorectal adenocarcinoma (2008–2011) were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry, and patients undergoing treatment with curative intent (i.e., metastasectomy, radiofrequency ablation and/or hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy), or best supportive care were excluded. After propensity score matching, a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was performed to determine the association between treatment strategy and mortality. From a total group of 10,371 patients with stage IV CRC, 2,746 patients (26%) underwent an elective palliative resection of the primary tumor, whether or not followed by systemic therapy, and 3,345 patients (32%) were initially treated with palliative systemic therapy. After propensity score matching, median overall survival in these groups was 17.2 months (95% CI 16.3–18.1) and 11.5 months (95% CI 11.0–12.0), respectively. In Cox regression analysis, primary tumor resection was significantly associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio of death = 0.44 [95% CI 0.35–0.55], p < 0.001). This large population‐based study shows an overall survival benefit for patients with incurable stage IV CRC who underwent primary tumor resection as the initial treatment after diagnosis, compared to patients who started systemic therapy with the primary tumor in situ. This result is an argument in favor of resection of the primary tumor, even when patients have little to no symptoms.
Mental Health and Educational Outcomes for Youth Transitioning from Foster Care in Michigan

This study examines foster care experiences and adult functioning of 65 alumni (ages 23–24) of Michigan foster care, using data from case records and in-person interviews. Results indicate that Michigan foster care alumni had similar or worse outcomes than their peers in other alumni studies, and significantly worse outcomes than their peers in the general population in the areas of mental health, substance dependence, and education. More research is needed to understand this transitional period for youth leaving foster care and to determine which evidence-supported interventions lead to their success as adults.
Relação entre determinantes socioeconômicos e hábitos bucais de risco para más-oclusões em pré-escolares

Tendo por objetivo avaliar como determinantes socioeconomicos afetam a prevalencia de habitos bucais deleterios em pre-escolares, este estudo transversal foi desenvolvido. O inquerito epidemiologico foi realizado no periodo de outubro de 1994 a dezembro de 1995. A amostra probabilistica foi constituida por 2.139 criancas, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etaria de 3 a 5 anos, matriculadas em instituicoes publicas ou privadas do municipio de Bauru - SP - Brasil. Uma subamostra de 618 criancas apresentou resposta ao questionario socioeconomico. A partir da hipotese que determinantes socioeconomicos afetam o estado emocional da crianca e isto se manifesta atraves de habitos bucais, como succao de chupeta e succao digital, foram realizadas analises bivariadas envolvendo as respostas ao questionario socieconomico e algumas variaveis de exposicao. Alguns determinantes socioeconomicos, como o trabalho materno e ocupacao da pessoa de maior renda no domicilio estao relacionados com a maior prevalencia de habitos bucais (p < 0,05), que por sua vez estao positivamente associados com a ma-oclusao.