Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. V. Depression and mania.

To evaluate the role of depression and mania in Tourette syndrome (TS), we have examined 246 TS patients, 17 attention-deficit disorder (ADD) patients, 15 patients with ADD associated with TS, and 47 controls, using (1) the standardized National Institutes of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule questions for a life history of major depression and/or mania and (2) a modified Beck depression score for evaluation of depression at the time of the examination. The results were combined into depression, Beck, and mania scores. Among the controls, 2.1% had a depression score greater than 9, and none had a score greater than 10. Among the TS patients, 22.9% had a score greater than 9 and the scores ranged up to the maximum of 18 (P less than .0005). None of the pure ADD patients had a score greater than 6, whereas 20% of the ADD-secondary-to-TS (ADD 2(0) TS) patients had scores greater than or equal to 9. Among grade 3 TS patients, 46.6% had scores greater than or equal to 9. There were no differences in the frequency of depression in the TS patients with or without ADD. Comparable results were obtained for the Beck depression score, except that the percent with a score greater than or equal to 8 was higher for the TS patients with ADD (23.7%) than for those without ADD (9.3%). There was a good correlation between the depression score and the Beck score (r = .63), but no correlation between the ADD-with-hyperactivity (ADDH) score and either the depression score (r = .086) or the Beck score (r = .077). Among the controls, none had a mania score greater than or equal to 4, compared with 19.1% of the total TS patients (P = less than .0005), 11.8% of the ADD patients (P = .002), and 26.6% of the ADD 2(0) TS patients (P = .0005). Although some of the mania questions would be expected to be answered positively by ADDH patients, the correlation coefficient between the ADDH scores and the mania scores was only moderate (r = .29), whereas the correlation with the depression score was much higher (r = .63). There was minimal correlation between the number of tics and either the depression score (r = .267) or the Beck score (r = .193). We conclude that depression and manic-depressive symptoms are common in TS patients and are an integral part of the disorder rather than being secondary to motor or vocal tics.
Attitudes Toward Euthanasia Among Turkish University Students

This study aims to examine perceptions and attitudes toward euthanasia among university students who are pursuing bachelor’s degrees. Although the legalization and application of euthanasia are discussed commonly by health-care professionals and partially by lawyers, the ideas of other segments of society, especially university students, are taken place very rarely. The research was conducted descriptively to determine the ideas of 1,170 students at Kastamonu University from six different departments: arts and sciences, theology, tourism, nursing, school of physical education, and sports with using a questionnaire. Findings demonstrated that 73.2% of the students do not approve euthanasia. Also, it was found that there are significant differences depending on age, gender, department of study, income level, place of living, and the loss of kinsmen. This study serves as a resource for future research to understand the effects of sociodemographic characteristics on the decision of euthanasia.
Patients' satisfaction of service quality in Saudi hospitals: a SERVQUAL analysis.

PURPOSE Saudi Arabian hospital performance, vis-á-vis patient satisfaction with service provision, has emerged as a key policy and planning concern. Keeping in view public and private hospital service quality, this article seeks to provide guidelines to the on-going Saudi Arabian health service reorganization, which emphasizes decentralization, bed-capacity expansion, research-based policymaking and initiatives in the health insurance sector. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The article outlines an empirical study that compares patient satisfaction with service quality in Saudi Arabian public and private sector hospitals. The authors employ a stratified random sample (1,000 inpatients) from five Saudi Arabian public and five private hospitals. Data were collected through questionnaire using the SERVQUAL scale. For reducing the language bias the questionnaire was translated into Arabic. The response rate was 74.9 percent. Data were analyzed using SPSS and appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. FINDINGS Cronbach's alpha for five service-quality dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, safety and empathy) were high and the SERVQUAL instrument proved to be reliable, valid and appropriate. The results showed that sex, education, income and occupation were statistically significant in influencing inpatients' satisfaction, and all the null hypotheses were rejected. Only inpatient age was not significant. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The study highlights service quality influence in the design of broader healthcare strategies for Saudi Arabian public and private hospitals. It demands that management researchers and analysts must identify regional service quality consistencies and related inpatient demographic indicators. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The study offers some insights into, and guidance for, hospital quality assurance in Saudi Arabia in general and the urban hospital setting in the Middle-East in particular.
Clustered Event-Triggered Consensus Analysis: An Impulsive Framework

This paper proposes an impulsive framework to analyze the effect of the clustered event-triggered information transmission on the dynamics of multiagent systems. Under this framework, we study three cases and propose different types of event-triggered protocols. First, if agents' states are available, a clustered event-triggered protocol based on agents' states is designed, which guarantees all followers to track the leader eventually. Second, the first case is further investigated when the agents' states are under disturbance. Hence, a modified event-triggered protocol is introduced to reach L∞ leader-following consensus. Third, for the case where agents' states are not available, a clustered event-triggered observer-type protocol is developed based on the agents' outputs. It is worth noting that Zeno behavior is excluded in these cases. Finally, some numerical examples and an application of unmanned aerial vehicle helicopters are given to verify our theoretical analysis.
Stereological analysis of synaptogenesis in the molecular layer of piriform cortex in the prenatal rat

The development of synapses in the molecular layer of the rat piriform cortex was studied at embryonic days 15, 17, 19, and 21. The present study has sought to extend past studies of synaptogenesis by identifying not only changes in numbers of synapses, but also changes in numbers of potential precursors of synapses. A stereological method (Cruz‐Orive, ′80) was used to make volumetric estimations of the numbers of synapses, axonal puncta, vesicle‐associated puncta, and unapposed postsynaptic specializations. This stereological method was preferred to other morphometric methods because it is not influenced by changes in the size, shape, or orientation of the structures of interest. This was considered important since such changes might be expected during development.
The Influence of Idealized Influence Leadership Behavior on Employee Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya

The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of Idealized Influence leadership behavior on employee performance in Small and Medium Enterprise in Kenya. This study targeted the KPMG top 100 SMEs of 2014 in Kenya. A correlational research design was employed to establish the relationship between Idealized Influence leadership behavior and employee performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. The study found that Idealized Influence leadership behavior and Employee Performance in SMEs in Kenya had a strong positive and significant correlationr(194) = . 829, p< . 000)and a positive and significant relationship (β = .829, t(194)= 20.503, p < . 000). The study concludes that if a leader inculcates trust in employees, practices high ethical values, acts as a role model to the employees and encourages employees to take risks; these will positively affect employees work and hence high performance levels.
Tissue Microarray Validation: A Methodologic Study with Special Reference to Lung Cancer

Background: Although tissue microarray (TMA) studies of histopathologic material have been frequently reported in studies of malignant diseases, the question of sample size (i.e., the diameter and the number of tissue cylinders investigated) has been rarely discussed. This study addresses the methodologic question of sample size in a variety of tumor types. Material and Methods: Material from 29 cases of lung carcinoma (small cell, squamous cell, and adenocarcinomas) was examined immunohistochemically for Ki-67 and p53 expression in virtually constructed cylinders of different diameters. The influence of tissue sample size (i.e., different numbers of virtual cylinders) was also investigated. Results from Ki-67 evaluation were analyzed as a continuous variable, whereas p53 expression was scored. p53 evaluations based on scoring in cylinders versus scoring of whole sections were also compared. Furthermore, 10 cases of endometrial and breast carcinomas were evaluated for estrogen receptor, Ki-67, and HER2 by scoring up to five cylinders. Results and Conclusions: Tissue cylinders of 0.6 and 1.0 mm diameters were compared and found equally informative about Ki-67 expression (intraclass correlation, 0.96). A statistical approach considering intraindividual and interindividual variation data is presented, indicating that in this specific setting three cylinders per case is an adequate sample size for TMA studies. Further sampling yields only a small gain in accuracy as determined by Ki-67 quantification and p53 scoring (κ-coefficient, 0.9). For endometrial and breast tissues, TMA scoring of three cylinders yielded excellent agreement (κ, >0.75) compared with whole-section scoring. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(7):2014–21)
Sleep-disordered breathing in the usual lifestyle setting as detected with home monitoring in a population of working men in Japan.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine (1) the prevalence of home-monitored sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a Japanese working population and (2) whether home monitoring with a type 3 portable monitor and actigraphy can produce reliable data to analyze SDB in usual lifestyles. METHODS A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted on a group of employees at a wholesale company in Osaka, Japan. Examinations by physicians and by sleep monitoring were also performed. Unattended home cardiorespiratory (type 3) sleep studies with actigraphy were conducted for 2 nights to diagnose SDB in 322 subjects. From the baseline questionnaires and sleep diaries, participants were assessed to follow their usual lifestyles during the study (e.g., time in bed, alcohol intake). RESULTS Of 466 Japanese male employees, 396 responded to the questionnaire survey (85.0%). Results from 322 male employees aged 23 to 59 (43.8 +/- 8.4 years) were analyzed. Respiratory disturbance index (RDI), calculated from the type 3 portable monitors and actigraphy, was highly reliable with an intraclass correlation of 0.98 for interscorer reliability and with an intraclass correlation of 0.95 for night-to-night reliability. Prevalence of mild (5 < or = RDI < 15), moderate (15 < or = RDI < 30) and severe (RDI < or = 30) SDB in this population were 37.4%, 15.7%, and 6.6%, respectively. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (RDI > or = 5 and Epworth Sleepiness Scale score > 10) was 17.6%. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of moderate to severe SDB (RDI > or = 15) was 22.3% in this Japanese male working population aged 23 to 59, measured in participant's usual life settings. Unattended home monitoring with type 3 portable monitors and actigraphy was highly reliable and may be suitable for analyzing SDB in the usual lifestyle setting.
Economic Development and Participation of Women in Services Sector: Empirical Evidence from Egypt

The study has presented the lacking aspects concerning women and their roles in the economic development of the country through the assessment of their participation in service sectors through empirical evidence. The findings have shown a significant and positive impact of female illiteracy rate, GPP Growth rate, and industrial share on the female labour force participation. However, there is negative impact of female unemployment on female labour force participation on the female labour force participation. The results have also shown an insignificant and negative impact of urbanization share and industrial share. There is negative but significant impact of industrial share on the female force labour participation in Egypt. The results emphasize on the participation and economic development of female population in the service sector.
Management Earnings Forecasts and Bank Loan Contracting

We find that firms tend to issue management earnings forecasts and convey good news before bank loan initiation. Issuing firms enjoy more favorable contracting terms and attract more lenders. Management forecasts issuance within a nine&#8208;month period prior to the loan activating quarter can lower the subsequent loan spread by 14.06 basis points. Moreover, firms with larger management forecast errors are charged harsher contracting terms and attract fewer lenders. Our study suggests that firms strategically issue management earnings forecasts before entering into debt contracts and lenders incorporate the information contained in management earnings forecasts into bank loan contracting.
Accounting for Variability in the Use of Permutation Testing to Detect Quantitative Trait Loci

Summary. Locating quantitative trait loci (QTL), or genomic regions associated with known molecular markers, is of increasing interest in a wide variety of applications ranging from human genetics to agricultural genetics. The hope of locating QTL (or genes) affecting a quantitative trait is that it will lead to characterization and possible manipulations of these genes. However, the complexity of both statistical and genetic issues surrounding the location of these regions calls into question the asymptotic statistical results supplying the distribution of the test statistics employed. Coupled with the power of current‐day computing, permutation theory was reintroduced for the purpose of estimating the distribution of any test statistic used to test for the location of QTL. Permutation techniques have offered an attractive alternative to significance measures based on asymptotic theory. The ideas of permutation testing are extended in this application to include confidence intervals for the thresholds and p‐values estimated in permutation testing procedures. The confidence intervals developed account for the Monte Carlo error associated with practical applications of permutation testing and lead to an effective method of determining an efficient permutation sample size.
Inovasi Pelayanan Publik Setengah Hati: Studi Pelayanan Publik di SAMSAT Kota Yogyakarta

Paradigm shift in public services to be more transparent, accountable, and participatory encountered many obstacles at its implementation. Constraints are not only coming from the government officials but also from the people who do not fully believe in the improvement efforts being taken by the government. Taking the example of One Stop Service (Samsat) in the city of Yogyakarta, this paper presents a portrait of public service delivery that is still full of practices that are inconsistent with the principles of new public management.
Thyroid hormone changes in early kidney transplantation and its correlation with delayed graft function.

INTRODUCTION Thyroid hormones affect kidney function and may alter with changes in kidney function, as well. We evaluated changes in serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) early after kidney transplantation and their relationship with delayed graft function (DGF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five consecutive kidney allograft recipients were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH were measured on the day before transplantation, and also on posttransplant days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21. Results were compared between patients with a normal allograft function and those with DGF. RESULTS The mean T3 level decreased from 110.41 +/- 49.79 ng/dL before transplantation to 80.78 +/- 51.42 ng/dL on the 1st day after transplantation (P = .04), while T4 reduction reached a significant level on the 3rd day after transplantation (8.27 +/- 3.27 microg/dL to 5.50 +/- 2.57 microg/dL, P = .004). Patients with DGF experienced a significantly greater decrease in the serum level of T3 at the end of the 1st week after transplantation compared with patients with normal kidney function (P = .02). This significant decrease in T3 continued until the end of the 2nd week. Serum levels of T4 reduced comparably in the two groups, until the end of the 1st week, when it showed a significantly more reduction in the patients with DGF (P = .04). CONCLUSION Both T3 and T4 reduced early after kidney transplantation, and this reduction was significantly more prominent in those with DGF. This is compatible with a consequence rather than a cause of DGF, explained in the setting of sick euthyroid syndrome.
The geriatric depression scale in palliative care

ABSTRACT Objective: This research examined the psychometric properties of previously published short forms of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in patients receiving palliative care. It also uses the full form of the GDS to examine the prevalence of nonsomatic symptoms of depression in palliative patients. Method: Participants were 84 patients with advanced cancer attending palliative care outpatient clinics. Scores for short forms of the GDS were derived from administering the original 30-item scale. Patients also completed the single item numerical analogue scale for depression from the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System and parallel numerical analogue scales for will-to-live and hope. A subset of the sample completed the measures twice. Short forms were judged on the extent to which they captured information gained from the full scale and their internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent and concurrent validity, and their distribution of scores. Results: Overall, five short forms showed good psychometric properties at both visits. Two of these forms were very brief. Some nonsomatic symptoms assessed on the full GDS were reported with high frequency. However, few individuals reported a large number of symptoms. At both visits, patients identified as likely to have severe depression gave different responses from other patients on most items on the GDS-30. Significance of results: Several short forms of the GDS may be appropriate for use in palliative care. Patients identified as likely to have severe depression showed many of the same symptoms that characterise depression in other geriatric populations.
Short-term effect of topical brimonidine tartrate on intrastromal corneal pressure in rabbits.

PURPOSE Because topical brimonidine tartrate has been reported to decrease flap adherence in the early postoperative period after LASIK, its effect on the intrastromal corneal pressure (ICP) was evaluated. METHODS An interventional, prospective, animal study was performed. Intrastromal corneal pressure was recorded for 45 minutes in eight eyes of rabbits treated with topical brimonidine tartrate three times daily for 3 consecutive days (study group); eight contralateral eyes were treated with artificial tears (control group). All measurements were performed by the same, masked investigator. RESULTS Mean ICP was -4.00 +/- 2.90 mmHg, -6.70 +/- 3.00 mmHg, and -9.00 +/- 4.50 mmHg at 15, 30, and 45 minutes, respectively, in the control group. In the study group (brimonidine-treated eyes), the ICP readings were +2.75 +/- 2.90 mmHg, -2.50 +/- 13.00 mmHg, and -8.50 +/- 5.00 mmHg at the same time points, respectively. The differences in the ICP between both groups were statistically significant at 15 minutes (P = .01), but no significant difference was found at 30 or 45 minutes (P = .20 and P = .80, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Topical treatment with brimonidine tartrate induces a significant decrease in ICP at 15 minutes. This effect on ICP may explain the decreased corneal flap adherence reported in eyes treated with this drug.
The influence of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on human platelet serotonin

Summary Clinical depression has been proposed to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While it is suggested that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) reduce the risk of acute cardiovascular problems of depressed patients, the effect of SSRIs on platelets, the only blood cells committed to serotonin (5-HT) transport, remains largely unknown. The goal of this pilot study was to measure the 5-HT levels in platelets of untreated and SSRI-treated depressed patients and normal subjects and to determine whether the interaction of SSRIs with platelets can explain their possible cardiovascular benefit in patients with depression. Platelet 5-HT was determined by an immunocytochemical assay and high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). In normal control subjects without cardiovascular disease, 78 ± 8% of platelets were 5-HT-positive (n = 14). Depression caused a significant reduction in platelet 5-HT to 46 ± 21% in untreated patients (n = 13) and 22 ± 13% in SSRI-treated patients (n = 14). As a class, all selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors significantly reduced the 5-HT concentration in patient platelets. An inverse relationship of 5-HT level and dose of medication might be suggested. These results correlated well with 5-HT data from HPLC (r = 0.8509, p < 0.001). SSRIs did not affect platelet aggregation and dense granule release in response to thrombin, but significantly reduced ADP-induced platelet aggregation and dense granule release in both patient and normal control samples. The active inhibition of platelet aggregation by SSRIs might explain their cardiovascular benefit.
Functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence: the primary components of functional diversity

Functiona] diversity is hypothesised as being beneficial for ecosystem functions, such as productivity and resistance to invasion. However, a precise definition of functional diversity, and hence a framework for its quantification, have proved elusive. We present a definition based on the analogy of the components of species diversity - richness, evenness and divergence. These concepts are applied to functional characters to give three components of functional diversity - functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence. We demonstrate how each of these components may be calculated. It is hoped that our definition of functional diversity and its components will aid in elucidation of the mechanisms behind diversity/ecosystem-function relationships.