Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Annotation Strategies for Probabilistic Parsing in German

The paper presents an unlexicalized probabilistic parsing model for German trained on the Negra treebank. Evaluation is performed with respect to constituency and dependency measures. It is observed that existing models based on Parent Encoding and Markovization optimize for constituency measures at the expense of dependency performance (at least in German). Several linguistically inspired transformation and annotation schemes are proposed which do help with dependency measures. Finally, it is shown that performance compares well with published results for German.
Sensitive periods for the effect of childhood interpersonal violence on psychiatric disorder onset among adolescents

Background Although childhood adversity is a strong determinant of psychopathology, it remains unclear whether there are ‘sensitive periods’ when a first episode of adversity is most harmful. Aims To examine whether variation in the developmental timing of a first episode of interpersonal violence (up to age 18) associates with risk for psychopathology. Method Using cross-sectional data, we examined the association between age at first exposure to four types of interpersonal violence (physical abuse by parents, physical abuse by others, rape, and sexual assault/molestation) and onset of four classes of DSM-IV disorders (distress, fear, behaviour, substance use) (n=9984). Age at exposure was defined as: early childhood (ages 0–5), middle childhood (ages 6–10) and adolescence (ages 11–18). Results Exposure to interpersonal violence at any age period about doubled the risk of a psychiatric disorder (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.51–2.52). However, few differences in risk were observed based on the timing of first exposure. After conducting 20 tests of association, only three significant differences in risk were observed based on the timing of exposure; these results suggested an elevated risk of behaviour disorder among youth first exposed to any type of interpersonal violence during adolescence (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.69–3.34), especially being beaten by another person (OR = 2.44; 95% CI 1.57–3.79), and an elevated risk of substance use disorder among youth beaten by someone during adolescence (OR=2.77, 95% CI 1.94–3.96). Conclusions Children exposed to interpersonal violence had an elevated risk of psychiatric disorder. However, age at first episode of exposure was largely unassociated with psychopathology risk.
Increased UV resistance of a xeroderma pigmentosum revertant cell line is correlated with selective repair of the transcribed strand of an expressed gene

A UV-resistant revertant (XP129) of a xeroderma pigmentosum group A cell line has been reported to be totally deficient in repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) but proficient in repair of 6-4 photoproducts. This finding has been interpreted to mean that CPDs play no role in cell killing by UV. We have analyzed the fine structure of repair of CPDs in the dihydrofolate reductase gene in the revertant. In this essential, active gene, we observe that repair of the transcribed strand is as efficient as that in normal, repair-proficient human cells, but repair of the nontranscribed strand is not. Within 4 h after UV at 7.5 J/m2, over 50% of the CPDs were removed, and by 8 h, 80% of the CPDs were removed. In contrast, there was essentially no removal from the nontranscribed strand even by 24 h. Our results demonstrate that overall repair measurements can be misleading, and they support the hypothesis that removal of CPDs from the transcribed strands of expressed genes is essential for UV resistance.
Ultrasonic ranging sensor using simultaneous emissions from different transducers

In recent applications based on ultrasound, several ultrasonic transducers have been geometrically and electronically associated to constitute a global sensor. There are several different methods used to process the ultrasonic signals obtained from these transducers. In this work, multimode techniques using Golay complementary sequences are proposed for processing the ultrasonic signal. The system increases scan rate, precision, and reliability. It is also capable of echo discrimination, allowing simultaneous measurements to be made and detection of the same obstacle by different transducers without cross-talk problems. The real-time implementation of the algorithm is presented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device.
Cryopreservation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Are We Going in the Right Direction?

Raquel Martin-Ibanez1,2,3, Outi Hovatta4 and Josep M. Canals1,2,3 1Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociencies, Programa de Terapia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 2Institut de Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 3Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) 4Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, K57, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, 1,2,3Spain 4Sweden
A New Principle of Rate Adaptive Pacing in Patients with Sick Sinus Syndrome

The most “natural” rate adaptive pacemaker is VDD for patients with AV block. Nothing equivalent exists for patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS). Even if they are paced in the AAI mode, the AV synchrony is often lost under exercise if nodal rhythms develop which cause the atria to contract against closed valves by retrograde conduction. We tried to develop a concept of rate adaptive pacing which is applicable in SSS patients by guaranteeing AV synchrony. It is known that AV delay shortens with increasing rate under exercise in normal subjects. Three AAI paced patients were evaluated to find out whether a similar correlation is valid between exercise and AV delay with constant rate. A nonconventional ECG was registered during the whole procedure by using an analog tape recorder. The pacing rate was changed with and without exercise on a bicycle to determine its influence on AV delay and by calculating the AV delay averaged over the last 8 beats. In all three patients a reproducible correlation existed between exercise and shortening of the AV delay. This effect was already detectable after 10 s. Increasing the pacing rate above “physiological” rates caused prolongation of the AV delay (over‐stimulation phenomenon). We, therefore, concluded that measuring the AV delay in atrial paced patients with SSS by means of a ventricular electrode can be used as a fast parameter for rate adaptive pacing with AV synchrony. The “over‐stimulation” phenomenon can additionally be utilized for controlling “physiological” rates depending on individual needs.
Abscisic acid regulates root growth under osmotic stress conditions via an interacting hormonal network with cytokinin, ethylene and auxin

Summary Understanding the mechanisms regulating root development under drought conditions is an important question for plant biology and world agriculture. We examine the effect of osmotic stress on abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin and ethylene responses and how they mediate auxin transport, distribution and root growth through effects on PIN proteins. We integrate experimental data to construct hormonal crosstalk networks to formulate a systems view of root growth regulation by multiple hormones. Experimental analysis shows: that ABA‐dependent and ABA‐independent stress responses increase under osmotic stress, but cytokinin responses are only slightly reduced; inhibition of root growth under osmotic stress does not require ethylene signalling, but auxin can rescue root growth and meristem size; osmotic stress modulates auxin transporter levels and localization, reducing root auxin concentrations; PIN1 levels are reduced under stress in an ABA‐dependent manner, overriding ethylene effects; and the interplay among ABA, ethylene, cytokinin and auxin is tissue‐specific, as evidenced by differential responses of PIN1 and PIN2 to osmotic stress. Combining experimental analysis with network construction reveals that ABA regulates root growth under osmotic stress conditions via an interacting hormonal network with cytokinin, ethylene and auxin.
A Phase Transition for the Distribution of Matching Blocks

We show distributional results for the length of the longest matching consecutive subsequence between two independent sequences A1, A2, …, Am and B1, B2, …, Bn whose letters are taken from a finite alphabet. We assume that A1, A2, … are i.i. d. with distribution μ and B1, B2, … are i.i. d. with distribution ν. It is known that if μ and v are not too different, the Chen–Stein method for Poisson approximation can be used to establish distributional results. We extend these results beyond the region where the Chen–Stein method was previously successful. We use a combination of ‘matching by patterns’ results obtained by Arratia and Waterman [1], and the Chen–Stein method to show that the Poisson approximation can be extended. Our method explains how the matching is achieved. This provides an explanation for the formulas in Arratia and Waterman [1] and thus answers one of the questions posed in comment F19 in Aldous [2]. Furthermore, in the case where the alphabet consists of only two letters, the phase transition observed by Arratia and Waterman [1] for the strong law of large numbers extends to the distributional result. We conjecture that this phase transition on the distributional level holds for any finite alphabet.
Influence of three potential genetic risk factors for thrombosis in 43 families carrying the factor V Arg 506 to Gln mutation

The factor V (FV) Arg 506 to Gln mutation is the most common abnormality observed in familial thrombophilia. Many studies have shown that its clinical expression differs among families and among carriers. Some thrombotic patients carry an additional genetic risk factor such as protein C, protein S or antithrombin deficiency. We sought to identify other genetic risk factors potentially favouring expression of the thrombotic phenotype in 370 members of 43 families with the FV Arg 506 to Gln mutation. We analysed three candidate polymorphisms in genes involved in the PC anticoagulant pathway, consisting of two polymorphic sites in the 5′ non‐transcribed region of the PC gene, −1654 C/T and −1641 A/G, with three known combinations (TA, CA and CG) that influence the protein C plasma level; one polymorphic site (4070 A/G) in exon 13 of the FV gene, which influences the plasma factor V concentration, and one polymorphic site (677 C/T) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, which is often associated with moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia. The distribution of these different polymorphisms was similar in patients with a history of thrombosis and those who remained asymptomatic, ruling out the possibility that each of these polymorphisms alone can play a role in the onset of thrombosis in carriers of the FV Arg 506 to Gln mutation.
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Oil Spills in the North Sea Observed by the Satellite Constellation of TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X

This study investigated the spatial and temporal variations of two groups of oil slicks with similar features that were observed in the North Sea by spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) TerraSAR-X (TSX) and TanDEM-X (TDX) within 13 h of each other, which were operating in the satellite constellation. Based on the SAR observations and the General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME) simulations of the oil trajectories, it is unlikely that the oil spills observed by TSX on August 21, 2012 entirely drifted from the oil spills observed by TDX on August 20. Rather, the oil slicks observed after 13 h were likely composed of two parts. One part was the new oil spills that started to leak sometime after the first SAR acquisition on August 20 and that were subsequently observed on August 21. The other part was the older oil spills that had drifted from the original oil slicks observed on August 20 by TDX. The fast weathering of light crude oil and the mixture of oil and water produced in the Forties platforms should contribute to the rapid dispersion and dissipation of the previously observed oil slicks. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the life history of oil spill on the sea surface around offshore drilling platforms.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic cats (Felis catus) in Al-Diwaniya province / Iraq

Gastrointestinal parasites represented a major source of diseases for cats in the tropics, and have been recognized as important public health problems in several parts of the world (Buijs, 1993). Cats can act as vectors, carriers, reservoirs and definitive hosts for many intestinal parasites that infect human (Mircean et al., 2010). As well as being constitute serious threat to reptiles, birds and smaller mammals (Dalimi and Mobedi, 1992). These animals play an important role in transmission of parasites to human and other animals by discharge helminthes eggs, larva, cyst or oocyst in their feces therefore have significant role in contamination of public environment (Sowemimo, 2012). Also It’ s buried their feces in soil that leads to the accumulation of numerous enteric parasites, in addition places that used for defecation are often shared by several cats and this may lead to contamination of cats’ paws with infective eggs (Engbaek et al., 1984). Thus, this environment is a favorable habits for parasitic infection and protect them from desiccation (Uga and Kataoka, 1995). because of close association between cats and humans makes them responsible for the high endemicity of some zoonotic diseases International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 5 (2015) pp. 166-171 http://www.ijcmas. com
ERYTHROMELALGIA AND ERYTHERMALGIA: LUMPERS AND SPLITTERS

According to diagnostic criteria for erythromelalgia and nosologic criteria for erythermalgia presented by Drenth and Michiels,''^ MitchelP^^ described 22 cases with painful red extremities ranging from typical erythromelalgia to atypical variants of erythermalgia but none of them meet the criteria of primary erythermalgia. Twenty-one years later, Mitchell and Spiller noted that in its purity of type erythromelalgia must be seen in younger adults and that there are variations in older persons,''
LUMBOSACRAL RADICULOPATHY SCREEN: Optimizing the Number of Muscles Studied

ABSTRACT The literature is unclear as to which muscles and how many are required for a sensitive lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR) screen. A retrospective study of 247 electrodiagnostically confirmed LSRs in 201 patients over a 3-yr period was conducted to determine how many muscles were required to identify a LSR. All LSRs showed abnormal spontaneous activity (positive waves or fibrillation potentials) in two or more muscles innervated by the same nerve root level but different peripheral nerves. All cases were categorized by radiculopathy level, and the most frequently abnormal individual muscles were combined into different muscle screens. The frequency with which each muscle screen identified a radiculopathy was the frequency with which one or more muscles in the screen displayed abnormal spontaneous activity divided by the total number of radiculopathies. The paraspinal muscles (PM) alone identified 88% of LSRs. Without PM, two muscle screens identified only 14–68%, three muscle screens identified 37–89% and four muscle screens identified 45–92%. Including PM, three muscle screens identified 86–94% of LSRs, four muscle screens identified 91–97% and five muscle screens yielded 94–98% identification. Seven to ten muscle screens resulted in minimal improvements in identifying a LSR with 98–99% identification. We conclude that five muscle LSR screens, including PM, are sufficient to identify LSRs while minimizing patient discomfort and examiner time.
Load shifting in the existing distribution network and perspectives for EV charging-case study

One of the traditional load shifting motivations in use for long time already is the two-level time-of-use tariff scheme. The nighttime lower energy has been known to provide lower cost for the homeowners who are using electric energy for space heating. The measurements of residential areas, presented in this paper, confirm that the load shift towards the times of lower pricing is used by many homeowners to benefit from this. This brings high load power peaks for the distribution network for some shorter periods after the pricing is changed. When introducing EV charging to the household loads, homeowners are likely to shift the start of EV charging time also for providing the lowest-price charging, as the cost if energy used for the EV can also be remarkable. The additional EV charging peak will be investigated in this paper and its effect to the existing network load power peak observed. Load data from existing residential network monitoring will be used as a basis for the comparison, where the time-of-use tariffs already have great impact. It will be shown that if the fixed-time tariff change is applied to domestic EV charging, this will result in rise of the short-time peak power demand peak in the network. For the distribution network operation, the uncontrolled EV charging could provide more relief than the simple two-tariff pricing case.
Phosmet: O,O-dimethyl S-phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate

In the title compound, C11H12NO4PS2, the dihedral angle between the phthalimidyl ring plane and the PS2 plane of the phosphorodithioate group is 60.41 (3)°. In the crystal structure, weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and S⋯S interactions [3.3825 (9) Å] contribute to the stabilization of the packing.
Association between alveolar bone loss and serum C-reactive protein levels in aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant that is produced in response to diverse inflammatory stimuli, and is known predictor of cardiovascular disease risk. Aggressive and chronic periodontitis are two main forms of periodontal disease, which differ mainly in the method of disease progression. This study aims at determining and comparing the relative levels of serum CRP and alveolar bone loss in aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 subjects, which were divided into 3 groups diagnosed as having generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP), chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) and non-periodontitis controls (NP), were selected for the study. Venous blood samples were collected for quantitative CRP analysis using Turbidimetric immunoassay. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) was measured at proximal sites of posterior teeth on a panoramic radiograph. The relationship between the mean ratio of ABL to root length and serum CRP levels was statistically analyzed using Student unpaired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Mean CRP levels were significantly greater in both GAP (7.49±2.31 mg/l) and CGP (4.88±1.80 mg/l) groups as compared to NP (0.68±0.23 mg/l) with P value <0.0001. The mean value of ABL (%) was 31.58 in CGP group and 36.77 in the GAP group, the difference being statistically significant (P=0.0079). Correlation coefficient between CRP and ABL is 0.9310 in CGP, and 0.9252 in GAP, which indicates a positive correlation between both variables. Conclusion: Both forms of periodontitis are associated with increased systemic inflammatory response with aggressiveness of disease progression determining the degree of response.
Aging, components of metabolic syndrome and serum C-reactive protein showed significant relationship with carotid atherosclerosis

Objective: metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known to be associated with an increased risk for cerebro- as well as cardio-vascular disease. Prediction of carotid atherosclerosis by components of MetS, serum C-reactive protein, aging and related factors was conducted for Japanese inhabitants. Methods: A total of 887 subjects (761 males, 126 females) were included in the present study. Early atherosclerosis was assessed by measurement of the intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteries. Results: The carotid arterial intima-media thickness on both the right and left sides significantly increased as the number of components of MetS increased. The maximum intima-media thickness values in the right (left) carotid arteries in the male and female subjects who fulfilled the criteria for MetS were 0.65 ± 0.18 (0.66 ± 0.17) mm and 0.58 ± 0.12 (0.59 ± 0.11) mm, respectively. After adjustment for several factors, the intima-media thickness related significantly with aging, some components of MetS and serum C-reactive protein by multiple regression analysis. β-coefficient of age was largest, presenting 0.457 in right side and 0.479 in left side. Conclusions: Aging, metabolic components and serum C-reactive protein are independent predictors of intima-media thickness in subjects.
Photodynamic therapy of intracranial tissues: a preclinical comparative study of four different photosensitizers.

OBJECTIVE The effectiveness of four different photosensitizers for intracranial photodynamic therapy (PDT) of normal brain tissues and an intracranial tumor was investigated in rabbits, using the photodynamic threshold model. SUMMARY PDT is currently being investigated as an adjuvant treatment to surgical resection and/or radio chemotherapy of intracranial neoplasms. While possible neurotoxic side effects of the treatment have been noted, only limited preclinical data quantifying the response of intracranial normal and tumor tissues following PDT are available. MATERIALS AND METHODS The photodynamic threshold dose values for the four photosensitizers, Photofrin, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), Tin Ethyl Etiopurpurin (SnET2), and chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (AlClPc), were determined using measured light fluence distributions, photosensitizer concentration in tissue, and histologically-determined extent of necrosis following PDT. These measurements were made in normal rabbit brain and in an intracranially-implanted carcinoma (VX2). RESULTS For Photofrin, AlClPc, and SnET2 (in an emulsion delivery vehicle) normal grey and white matter were very sensitive to PDT, showing a significantly lower threshold dose value than VX2-tumor. For ALA-induced PpIX and SnET2 (in liposome) very little or no white matter damage was observed. Additionally, ALA-PpIX showed significantly lower concentration in white matter than in cortex and tumor. Normal brain structures lacking a blood-brain barrier showed high uptake of all photosensitizers and, hence, are at risk of collateral damage during PDT. CONCLUSIONS For clinical PDT of most adult intracranial neoplasms ALA-induced PpIX appears to be promising, and SnET2 (liposomal) has potential for selective tumor destruction with relative sparing of white matter. Other normal brain structures and, for the other photosensitizers, also white matter are at risk of collateral damage, if exposed to light during PDT.