Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Structure and function of the cardiotocographic score (CTG-score) calculated by the "quantitative cardiotocography" computer method. Determining the significance of its components for the accuracy of the estimates for the ph of the fetus].

INTRODUCTION In the last three years "quantitative cardiotocography" has become the main method for fetal monitoring during late pregnancy and birth in Sheynovo hospital - Sofia, Bulgaria. Our previous studies presented opportunities for increasing the diagnostic potential of the methodology. In this paper we offer a new approach to further improve the accuracy of prognostic values for fetal pH during labor. This is achieved by analyzing the individual components of the CTG-score (microfluctuation - OSZ, basic fetal heart rate - FRQ and decelerations - DEC). Several groups of CTG-scores have been formed, according to the composition of the score and the correlation between forecast and actual results for the pH of the fetus. MATERIAL AND METHODS For each of the stored 171 recordings we compared the CTG-score, produced prior to the delivery, with the pH measured in the umbilical artery (UA) before cutting the umbilical cord. As fetal pH forecast is based strictly on the CTG-score value, the difference between actual and prognostic results for the pH actually shows how accurate is the CTG score itself. We used standard deviation (Std. deviation) to assess this variability. RESULTS We defined several groups of CTG-score based on its composition and the respective standard deviations. Each group includes CTG-scores with no significant statistical difference between the calculated standard deviations: CTG-score with low (composed of OSZ; Std. Dev. 0.065), satisfactory (composed of OSZ + FRQ and FRQ; Std. dev 0048 and 0044), high (composed of OSZ + DEC and DEC; Std. dev 0032 and 0027) and very high (composed of FRQ + DEC and OSZ + FRQ + DEC; Std. dev. 0019 and 0012) predictive value. We observed a substantial variety in the prognostic results, depending on which components of the CTG-score are involved in the evaluation of pH. CONCLUSION The composition of the CTG-score seems to be crucial for the accuracy of the prognostic fetal pH values. In order to organize the gathered information it is necessary to develop clinical practice guidelines which would allow us to cohere the obstetric behavior with data readings from the quantitative cardiotocography method.
Evidence that caspase‐1 is a negative regulator of AMPA receptor‐mediated long‐term potentiation at hippocampal synapses

Best known for their pivotal role in a form of programmed cell death called apoptosis, caspases may also function in more subtle physiological processes. Caspases are present in synapses and dendrites of neurons where they can be activated in response to glutamate receptor stimulation and calcium influx. Here we tested the hypothesis that caspase‐1 plays a role in modulating long‐term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal synapses. We provide evidence that caspase‐1 plays a role in regulating α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor‐mediated calcium influx and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. LTP of excitatory postsynaptic potentials at CA1 synapses was significantly enhanced when hippocampal slices were treated with either a pan‐caspase inhibitor or a selective inhibitor of caspase‐1, but not by an inhibitor of caspase‐6. Inhibition of caspase‐1 significantly enhanced the AMPA current‐mediated component of LTP without affecting the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate current‐mediated component. Calcium responses to AMPA were enhanced in hippocampal neurons treated with a caspase‐1 inhibitor suggesting that caspase‐1 normally functions to reduce AMPA receptor‐mediated calcium influx. These findings suggest that, by selectively reducing AMPA currents and calcium influx, caspase‐1 functions as a negative regulator of LTP at hippocampal synapses.
A Comparative Study Of LPCC And MFCC Features For The Recognition Of Assamese Phonemes

In this paper two popular feature extraction techniques Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients (LPCC) and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) have been investigated and their performances have been evaluated for the recognition of Assamese phonemes. A multilayer perceptron based baseline phoneme recognizer has been built and all the experiments have been carried out using that recognizer. In the present study, attempt has been made to evaluate the performance of the speech recognition system with different feature set in quiet environmental condition as well as at different level of noise. It has been observed that at noise free operating environment when same speaker is used for training and testing the system, the system given 100% recognition accuracy for the recognition of Assamese phones for both the feature set. However, the performance of the system degrades considerably with increase in environmental noise level.It has been observed that the performance of LPCC based system degrades more rapidly compare to MFCC based system under environmental noise condition whereas under speaker variability conditions, LPCC shows relative robustness compare to MFCC though the performance of both the systems degrades considerably. Key Terms: Speech Recognition, LPCC, MFCC, MLP
Influence of Physiologic Folate Deficiency on Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV16)-harboring Human Keratinocytes in Vitro and in Vivo*

Background: Homocysteinylated heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNP-E1) orchestrates a posttranscriptional RNA operon during folate deficiency. Results: Folate deficiency induced homocysteinylated hnRNP-E1 to bind HPV16 RNA, reduced both viral capsid proteins, promoted HPV16 DNA integration into genomic DNA, and rapidly transformed HPV16-organotypic rafts implanted in immunodeficient mice to cancer. Conclusion: A likely molecular link between folate nutrition and HPV16 is established. Significance: Folate/vitamin-B12 deficiency can promote HPV16 DNA integration and carcinogenesis. Although HPV16 transforms infected epithelial tissues to cancer in the presence of several co-factors, there is insufficient molecular evidence that poor nutrition has any such role. Because physiological folate deficiency led to the intracellular homocysteinylation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNP-E1) and activated a nutrition-sensitive (homocysteine-responsive) posttranscriptional RNA operon that included interaction with HPV16 L2 mRNA, we investigated the functional consequences of folate deficiency on HPV16 in immortalized HPV16-harboring human (BC-1-Ep/SL) keratinocytes and HPV16-organotypic rafts. Although homocysteinylated hnRNP-E1 interacted with HPV16 L2 mRNA cis-element, it also specifically bound another HPV16 57-nucleotide poly(U)-rich cis-element in the early polyadenylation element (upstream of L2̂L1 genes) with greater affinity. Together, these interactions led to a profound reduction of both L1 and L2 mRNA and proteins without effects on HPV16 E6 and E7 in vitro, and in cultured keratinocyte monolayers and HPV16-low folate-organotypic rafts developed in physiological low folate medium. In addition, HPV16-low folate-organotypic rafts contained fewer HPV16 viral particles, a similar HPV16 DNA viral load, and a much greater extent of integration of HPV16 DNA into genomic DNA when compared with HPV16-high folate-organotypic rafts. Subcutaneous implantation of 18-day old HPV16-low folate-organotypic rafts into folate-replete immunodeficient mice transformed this benign keratinocyte-derived raft tissue into an aggressive HPV16-induced cancer within 12 weeks. Collectively, these studies establish a likely molecular linkage between poor folate nutrition and HPV16 and predict that nutritional folate and/or vitamin-B12 deficiency, which are both common worldwide, will alter the natural history of HPV16 infections and also warrant serious consideration as reversible co-factors in oncogenic transformation of HPV16-infected tissues to cancer.
Childhood-onset lupus with clinical neurocognitive dysfunction shows lower streamline density and pairwise connectivity on diffusion tensor imaging

Objectives The objective of this report is to use diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) for investigating white-matter connectivity changes associated with neurocognitive dysfunction in childhood-onset lupus (cSLE-NCD) as measured by formal neuropsychological testing. Methods DTI was performed in six individuals with (cSLE-NCD) and nine without neurocognitive dysfunction (cSLE-noNCD) as well as 14 healthy controls. Presence of neurocognitive deficits was identified by formal neuropsychological testing. The brain was divided into 116 regions, and pairwise connectivity (defined as the number of streamlines with an endpoint in each of those regions) and streamline density (defined as the number of streamlines passing through a region regardless of endpoints) were evaluated. Group comparisons were made for regional and global measures of streamline density and pairwise connectivity. Results A significant decrease in global streamline density was observed in the cSLE-NCD vs. control group (1189 vs. 1305 p = 0.002) and vs. cSLE-noNCD (1189 vs 1320 p = 0.001). The cSLE-noNCD and control groups had similar streamline density. A similar pattern for pairwise connectivity was observed with a significant decrease in the cSLE-NCD group (217) versus the cSLE-noNCD (236; p = 0.013) and control group (238; p = 0.004). Regional measures of pairwise connectivity displayed mixed results. Conclusions The analysis of DTI in this pilot study shows cSLE-NCD is associated with global loss of streamline density and pairwise connectivity, suggesting breakdown of the structural network. These results complement previously reported functional and volumetric findings that suggest cSLE-NCD is associated with measurable changes in gray and white matter. If confirmed in larger cohorts, DTI abnormalities could be used as imaging biomarkers of cSLE-NCD.
RESPIRATORY WATER LOSS IN FULLTERM INFANTS ON THEIR FIRST DAY AFTER BIRTH

The water loss from the skin, has been considered to constitute around 75 % of the insensible water loss (IWL), the remaining 25 % being respiratory water loss (RWL). In previous studies we have found that the water loss from the skin varies with environmental factors such as ambient humidity and air flow velocity, and with factors related to the infant, such as gestational age and postnatal age. In very preterm infants nursed in a dry environment the water losses from the skin were found to be very high on the first days of life.We have developed a method for measurement of RWL to be used in newborn infants. RWL is measured in an open flow-through-system, where air drawn over the face of the infant, picks up the expired gas. The flow of mixed gas is measured with a Fleisch flow-head connected to a differential pressure transducer, and the concentrations of water vapour, oxygen and carbon dioxide in the mixed gas and in the ambient air are measured with a Perkin Elmer mass-spectrometer. RWL, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are calculated from the obtained flows and concentrations. Measurements were made on the first day of life in normal, fullterm infants. During the measurements the infants were placed in incubators with carefully controlled air temperature, humidity and air flow velocity.RWL was around 5 mg/kg min or 25 g/day per infant with the infant at rest in an ambient humidity of 50 % and an ambient temperature of 32.5 °C. Oxygen consumption was around 7 ml/kg min and RQ was around 0.8. Both RWL and oxygen consumption increased with increasing motor activity. When the infant was crying RLW often increased by 100 % as compared to at rest. A linear relationship was found between RLW and ambient humidity with higher values at a low humidity than at a high one.
Microwave technology for localization of traumatic intracranial bleedings—A numerical simulation study

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem worldwide. Intracranial bleedings represents the most serious complication of TBI and need to be surgically evacuated promptly to save lives and mitigate injury. Microwave technology (MWT) is promising as a complement to computed tomography (CT) to be used in road and air ambulances for early detection of intracranial bleedings. In this study, we perform numerical simulations to investigate if a classification algorithm based on singular value decomposition can distinguish between bleedings at different positions adjacent to the skull bone for a similar but simplified problem. The classification accuracy is 94-100% for all classes, a result that encourages us to pursue our efforts with MWT for more realistic scenarios. This indicates that MWT has potential for localizing a detected bleeding, which would increase the diagnostic value of this technique.
Capsule endoscopy in refractory celiac disease.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Patients with refractory celiac disease (RCD) are at risk of intestinal T-cell lymphoma, which is difficult to diagnose because it often develops in the small bowel. We therefore studied whether wireless capsule endoscopy was able to detect ulcerative jejunitis or intestinal T-cell lymphomas that were missed by standard endoscopic and imaging procedures in patients with RCD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Detection of ulcerative jejunitis and overt T-cell lymphoma by capsule endoscopy or by upper and lower endoscopy, abdominal computed tomography (CT) or abdominal magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) was compared in 14 consecutive patients with RCD: in seven patients who showed loss of T-cell antigens on intraepithelial lymphocytes and/or clonality of the T-cell receptor gene (i. e. type II RCD) and in seven patients who did not have these features (i. e. type I RCD). RESULTS Complete evaluation of the small bowel by capsule endoscopy was achieved in 9/14 patients. Signs of ulcerative jejunitis or intestinal T-cell lymphoma, affecting further clinical management, were found in two patients with type II RCD: in one patient these signs were found only by capsule endoscopy (ulcerations and stenosis) and in another patient the abnormalities were identified by CT/MRT (mesenteric lymph nodes harboring lymphoma). No clinically relevant abnormalities were found in patients with type I RCD by lower endoscopy or by small-bowel imaging (capsule endoscopy, CT, or MRT). CONCLUSIONS In patients with type II RCD, capsule endoscopy can detect additional cases with ulcerative jejunitis and could be included in the diagnostic armamentarium, subject to confirmation by larger series. In patients with type I RCD, our study confirmed the low diagnostic yield of imaging procedures, including wireless capsule endoscopy.
Salvage of branch vessels during bifurcation lesion angioplasty: acute and long-term follow-up.

To evaluate angiographic success, frequency of branch vessel loss and salvage, and long-term outcome, we studied the early and late outcomes of 56 consecutive patients who underwent PTCA of bifurcation lesions, which involved the left anterior descending or left circumflex coronary artery, with stenoses greater than 70% in both the parent and an involved branch vessel. In 35 patients (63%), the PTCA strategy was attempted dilation of both the main vessel and the involved branch vessels using predominantly a double-wire, sequential balloon technique; in 21 (27%) the PTCA attempt was confined to the main vessel alone. Transient angiographic occlusion of the branch vessel occurred in 32% of patients in whom dilation of both vessels was attempted, and in 38% in whom the main vessel alone was dilated (p = NS); 91% of the occluded branch vessels were the salvaged when sequential angioplasty of both vessels had been initially planned, compared to only 38% when the initial strategy had been dilation of the main vessel alone (p less than .05). Predischarge exercise testing showed residual ischemia in 6% of patients who had both vessels successfully dilated, versus 37% in those in whom dilatation was confined to the main vessels (p less than .01). Clinical restenosis, defined as late (greater than 6 weeks) recurrence of angina or a positive exercise test, occurred in 42% of patients who had both vessels successfully dilated. Thus although bifurcation lesion angioplasty frequently results in transient branch vessel loss, these branches can usually be salvaged using a double-wire technique but tend to have a higher late restenosis than conventional single vessel PTCA.
Nitrogen Concentration in Mountain Pine Beetle Larvae Reflects Nitrogen Status of the Tree Host and Two Fungal Associates

ABSTRACT Individual lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta) were fertilized with urea at nitrogen (N) inputs equivalent to 0, 315, or 630 kg/ha. Four months after application of the fertilizer, inner bark tissue N concentrations were significantly higher in the trees that had received the low dose (315 kg/ha) fertilization treatment than in the control trees; trees that had received the high-dose treatment (630 kg/ha) were intermediate and not significantly different from either of the other treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between N concentration in inner bark tissue and larval mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). In vitro studies on synthetic growth media examined effects of temperature and N concentration on N concentration of two common fungal associates of the mountain pine beetle (Ophiostoma clavigerum and Ophiostoma montium). Increasing N concentration in growth media significantly increased fungal N concentrations in both O. clavigerum and O. montium. Furthermore, N concentration was consistently higher in O. clavigerum than in O. montiun. Neither species had sufficient growth at 30°C, nor did O. clavigerum at 15°C, to test N concentration. However, for O. montium, increasing temperatures decreased fungal N concentrations. There was no correlation between N concentration of O. clavigerum and growth temperature. Potential impacts of ingestion of the fungal species by developing mountain pine beetle larvae-infesting trees under various environmental conditions such as increasing temperatures are discussed.
Functional Evaluation of the 10-Year Outcome after Modified Evans Repair for Chronic Ankle Instability

The Evans tenodesis is an operative treatment for chronic ankle instability with good short-term results. 18,24,25 The disadvantage of impaired hind foot kinematics and restricted motion has been described, 6,16 and only few reports of long-term results can be found. 14 No techniques have been used to assess the outcome objectively. We wanted to determine whether a modified Evans procedure 33 led to a satisfactory clinical and functional outcome. Nineteen patients were available at a 10-year follow-up. The clinical examination included a detailed questionnaire and stress radiographs. Foot function was evaluated with plantar pressure distribution measurements during walking and peroneal reaction time measurements elicited on a rapidly tilting platform (recorded with surface electromyography). High subjective patient satisfaction was contrasted with a high rate of residual instability, pain, and swelling. The radiographs showed an increased number of exostoses. The gait analysis revealed reduced peak pressures under the lateral heel and increased values under the longitudinal arch. The reaction times of the peroneal muscles were shorter on the operated side (significant: peroneus longus). The persistent clinical problems as well as the functional changes indicate that the disturbed ankle joint kinematics permanently alter foot function and may subsequently support the development of arthrosis. Therefore, the Evans procedure should only be applied if anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments is not feasible.
The origins and early development of variationism 2 . 1 Attack on the idiolect : Grammar as a social object

As pointed out by Coetzee (2009), the study of what is still often called “free variation” (but not by those who study it) has followed a largely parallel history to the development of Generative Phonology following SPE. Weinreich et al. (1968) stands as the programmatic document for the subfield of Variationism, and was published the same year as SPE. Since that time, variation theory has continued to develop, and some aspects of it have become partially incorporated into mainstream phonological theory. This chapter will outline the development of variation theory, how it touches on current topics in phonology, and the direction that variation theory seems to be moving into the future.
The Meaning and Function of Ritual in Psychiatric Disorder, Religion and Everyday Behaviour

Objective: Ritual is a central feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and is found in other psychiatric conditions. Defined in a general sense, it is seen in the everyday behaviour of animals and of humans, in secular ceremonies, and in religion. This paper examines the various types of ritual. It considers the common features and differences. Method: Material from psychiatric, biological, sociological, anthropological and religious studies literature is reviewed and discussed. Results: The term ‘ritual’ describes a wide variety of phenomena. These include the rituals of OCD and range from relatively simple animal signals to profoundly meaningful human behaviour. A common feature is stereotyped physical activity which conveys information. Some clinical, developmental, evolutionary and religioud historical evidence suggests that stereotyped motor behaviour may be the primary phenomenon. Conclusions: The study of ritual in all its manifestations provides insight into the basis of important human behaviours. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a likely paradigm for this study. Psychiatry, with its clinical orientation and biopsychosocial perspective, is a discipline within which the study might occur.
Scheduling maintenance activities of electric power transmission networks using an hybrid constraint method

In this paper we present a Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) based model, and hybrid solving method for the Scheduling of Maintenance Activities in the Power Transmission Network. The model distinguishes from others not only because of its completeness but also by the way it models and solves the Electric Constraints. Specifically we present a efficient filtering algorithm for the Electrical Constraints. Furthermore, the solving method improves the pure CLP methods efficiency by integrating a type of Local Search technique with CLP. To test the approach we compare the method results with another method using a 24 bus network, which considerers 42 tasks and 24 maintenance periods.
Changes in major histocompatibility complex class II expression in monocytes and T cells of patients developing infection after surgery

Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on monocytes is a prerequisite for effective antigen presentation and processing, an important component of the immune response to infection. It has been reported that the level of monocyte class II expression may identify patients who go on to develop infective complications following trauma. In the present study, flow cytometry was used to measure MHC class II (human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR) expression on circulating monocytes and T cells in 36 patients undergoing elective major resectional surgery, of whom 12 developed septic complications. The percentage of HLA‐DR positive monocytes fell significantly on the first day after operation in both groups (P <0·0001) but was significantly higher in those without than in those with sepsis on days 1, 3 and 5 (P <0·05). In contrast, the level of T cell HLA‐DR expression rose significantly on the first day after operation (P <0·05) in patients without sepsis to a level higher than in those who developed infection (P <0·05). These findings have important implications, as predictive biological elements and for biological response modification, in patients at risk of developing sepsis after surgery.