Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fold and thrust partitioning in a contracting fold belt: Insights from the 1931 Mach earthquake in Baluchistan

Surface deformation associated with the 27 August 1931 earthquake near Mach in Baluchistan is quantified from spirit‐leveling data and from detailed structural sections of the region interpreted from seismic reflection data constrained by numerous well logs. Mean slip on the west dipping Dezghat/Bannh fault system amounted to 1.2 m on a 42 km × 72 km thrust plane with slip locally attaining 3.2 m up dip of an inferred locking line at ∼9 km depth. Slip also occurred at depths below the interseismic locking line. In contrast, negligible slip occurred in the 4 km near the interseismic locking line. The absence of slip here in the 4 years following the earthquake suggests that elastic energy there must either dissipate slowly in the interseismic cycle, or that a slip deficit remains, pending its release in a large future earthquake. Elastic models of the earthquake cycle in this fold and thrust belt suggest that slip on the frontal thrust fault is reduced by a factor of 2 to 8 compared to that anticipated from convergence of the hinterland, a partitioning process that is presumably responsible for thickening of the fold and thrust belt at the expense of slip on the frontal thrust. Near the latitude of Quetta, GPS measurements indicate that convergence is ∼5 mm/yr. Hence the minimum renewal time between earthquakes with 1.2‐m mean displacement should be as little as 240 years. However, when the partitioning of fold belt convergence to frontal thrust slip is taken into account the minimum renewal time may exceed 2000 years.
Interaction between Near-Annual and ENSO Modes in a CGCM Simulation: Role of the Equatorial Background Mean State

Abstract A 260-yr-long coupled general circulation model (CGCM) simulation is used to investigate the interaction between ENSO mode and near-annual variability and its sensitivity to the equatorial background mean stratification and seasonal cycles. Although the thermocline mean vertical structure of the model favors the high-order baroclinic modes that are associated with the slow time scales of the coupled variability, the simulated ENSO oscillates at a dominant quasi-biennial frequency. Biases of the climatological velocity field are favorable to the dominance of the zonal advective feedback over the thermocline feedback, the model exhibiting an overenergetic westward seasonal zonal current in the central-western equatorial Pacific, and an upwelling rate that is about half the observations. This sets the conditions for the enhancement of a near-annual mode that is observed to oscillate at an 8-month period in the model. Using an intermediate coupled model of the tropical Pacific where the climatologica.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICLES PRODUCED IN HADRON-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS

A detailed study on mean multiplicities of secondary charged particles is presented. The average number of grey, black and heavy particles are found to be independent of energy in proton-nucleus interactions whereas for pion-nucleus collisions the data deviates from its independence with energy. The ratio of mean number of charged particles produced in pion-nucleus collisions to its number in proton-nucleus interactions at almost the same energy is found to be similar at different energies.
The quasi-periodic Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation

We consider the quasi-periodic dynamics of non-integrable perturbations of a family of integrable Hamiltonian systems with normally 1 : −1 resonant invariant tori. In particular, we focus on the supercritical quasi-periodic Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation and address the persistence problem of the singular foliation into invariant quasi-periodic tori near the bifurcation point. With the help of KAM theory, we show that the singular torus foliation survives a small perturbation and that the persisting tori in this foliation form Cantor families. A leading example is the Lagrange top near gyroscopic stabilization weakly coupled with a quasi-periodic oscillator.
The Impact of the Internet on Information Search for Automobiles

Using data from surveys of automobile buyers collected in 1990 and 2000 in a natural experiment setting, the authors study the determinants of use of the Internet as a source of information on automobiles, its impact on the use of other sources, and its impact on total search effort. The results indicate that the Internet draws attention in approximately the same proportion from other sources. The results also show that those who use the Internet to search for automobiles are younger and more educated and search more in general. However, the analysis also indicates that they would have searched even more if the Internet had not been present.
Evaluating M-Commerce Systems Success: Measurement and Validation of the DeLone and McLean Model of IS Success in Arabic Society (GCC Case Study)

This study focused on testing and verifying the 2003 DeLone and McLean Model (otherwise known as the Information System Success [ISS] Model), which represents the achievement of success in electronic systems, including smartphone commercial applications. Previous studies indicated that the DeLone and McLean Model has not been validated experimentally in the context of m-commerce, as there exist some differences between m-commerce and e-commerce. Moreover, the ISS model, for the m-commerce field, has been highly debated in terms of constructs such as perceived usefulness and IS use. These constructs create discrepancies in the acceptance of the ISS Model for the m-commerce field, especially in communities that have different technological requirements than other global communities. Previous studies focusing on the relationship between culture and electronic systems indicated that there are differences in the communities’ requirements that will directly affect the success of those electronic systems in Arabic communities. According to previous studies, there are verification shortages in the ISS model used to evaluate the success of m-commerce systems. The ISS model consists of six dimensions, which are system quality, information quality, service quality, user satisfaction, intention to use, and net benefit. The structural equation modelling technique was applied to the data for this model, which was collected by questionnaire. Responses were gathered from 803 actual users of online purchasing systems from three Arabic Gulf countries (171 from Qatar, 246 from the United Arab Emirates [UAE], and 386 from Saudi Arabia [KSA]). According to empirical evidence on the intention to use construct, which in turn is affected significantly by system quality and information quality constructs, reusing m-commerce applications is associated with quality of systems and information requirements in commercial applications. The results of this study on Arabic society will be beneficial for many future studies, such as ones determining the target characteristics of Arabic technology users and, especially, what features can be added to increase the level of satisfaction with m-commerce applications. This paper contributes several important implications to the field and discusses the additions and limitations that should be addressed in future studies.
Does approach motivation account for the impact of locomotion on positive affect

Moving around seems to make us feel better.but why? In this dissertation I draw from research on affect, approach motivation, and embodied cognition suggesting that locomotion (i.e., walking) facilitates positive affect because it increases sensitivity to rewards, a key aspect of approach motivation. Approach motivation is an organismic tendency, either dispositional or induced, to pursue needed resources or rewarding experiences. To test the mediational hypothesis that approach motivation mediates the impact of locomotion on positive affect, two studies were conducted and mediational hypotheses were tested using statistical bootstrapping procedures. In Study 1, locomotion in the form of a walk increased incentivized performance on a card-sorting task. According to the results of the bootstrapping analyses, performance on the card-sorting task partially mediated the relationship between locomotion and positive affect change, although the overall effect did not reach significance. In Study 2, locomotion increased self-reported approach motivation, partially mediating the impact of locomotion on positive affect, backing the results of Study 1. However, another proposed measure of approach motivation in Study 2, object desirability, was not impacted by locomotion. Taken together, the results of these studies support the hypothesis that approach motivation mediates the causal relationship between locomotion and positive affect when approach motivation is measured behaviorally as reward-sensitivity (Study 1) or as self-reported readiness to respond to rewards (Study 2). In short, locomotion increases our readiness to invest effort in obtaining rewards that make us feel better.
Chemical Composition of Water-soluble Ions and Carbonate Estimation in Spring Aerosol at a Semi-arid Site of Tongyu, China

Fine aerosol samples (PM2.5) were collected daily at Tongyu, a semi-arid site in northeast China from April to June 2006, when Asian dust events occurred frequently. The concentrations of nine water-soluble ions were determined in the filter samples. The results showed that the mean mass level of PM2.5 at Tongyu station was 260.9 µg/m 3 , and the total mass concentration of the nine kinds of water-soluble ions occupied ~17% of the PM2.5 mass. Nine dust storm (DS) events were observed during the sampling period with mean concentrations of 528.0 μg/m 3 for PM2.5 and 39.5 μg/m 3 for total ions; during non-dust storm (NDS) periods, these values were 111.7 and 19.6 µg/m 3 , respectively. The mass concentrations of most of the water-soluble ions in the DS samples were much higher than those in the NDS samples. The ratios of ions to Fe were stable in DS samples, while they were more scattered in NDS samples, suggesting that the anthropogenic influence was significant in NDS samples collected at Tongyu. Moreover, the observed stable values of the K + /Fe, Ca 2+ /Fe, Na + /Fe, NO3 /Fe, and SO4 2/Fe ratios during the DS events should be associated with the ionic composition characteristics of soil dust in northeastern regions. Ion balance calculations for the NDS samples suggest that those aerosol particles were alkaline while DS samples were strongly alkaline. A deficit of measured anions during DS implies the presence of carbonate, which can be used to evaluate the carbonate concentration. A good relationship between the calculated and detected carbonate concentration was observed, which demonstrates that the ion balance supplies another method for estimating the carbonate content during DS.
An Investigation of Provision of Quality Basic Education in Ghana: A Case Study of Selected Schools in the Central Region

This study explored how input factors are utilised at the classroom level to promote quality education. The study used schools perceived by the Ghana Education Service to have satisfactory learning outcomes at the Basic Education Certificate Examination results, with the hope that the findings will offer important lessons to schools with poor learning outcomes. Teaching and learning in the classrooms of six private and public (rural and urban) basic schools in two districts in the Central Region of Ghana were investigated. Six headteachers and 26 teachers whose classes or lessons were observed participated in the study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to draw 128 pupils from primary 3, 4, 6 and Junior High School form one for interview. Five research instruments were used for data gathering. The results showed that there were a number of similarities in the way sampled schools utilised input factors at the classroom level. The major differences between private and public schools were better English language usage of the pupils and greater availability and ownership of textbooks in the private schools compared to urban and rural pubic schools in that order.
Corporate governance and management of earnings: empirical evidence from selected Nigerian-listed companies

Due to the threat of recorded business failures arising from weak corporate governance and low financial reporting quality on the Nigerian economy, this study investigates the effects of corporate governance variables on earnings management among selected listed firms from the manufacturing and banking sectors. A sample of 24 listed companies from the 2 sectors’ population of 63 was examined to gather empirical data from 2008 to 2013 using multiple regression tools. Employing the panel data analysis approach, board independence, audit committee independence and audit committee size are insignificantly positively correlated with earnings management. Board size is insignificantly negatively correlated with earnings management while ownership structure is insignificantly negatively correlated with earnings management. Audit quality is positively correlated with earnings management, though not statistically significant. Based on these findings, the study concludes that corporate governance structures, as it were, have not helped to address earnings management. The study recommends, among other things considering the first 4 hypotheses that investors should invest in companies with moderate-to-high debt-to-equity ratios as lenders are able to externally monitor companies. It also recommended that regulatory bodies should frequently discharge their supervisory roles by monitoring the companies’ activities to ensure compliance.
Intermediate water flows in the South West Pacific from OUTPACE and THOT Argo floats

Abstract. Thanks to the autonomous Argo floats of the OUTPACE cruise and of the THOT project, some features of intermediate flow dynamics, around 1000 m depth, within the Southwest and Central Pacific Ocean (156° E–150° W, around 19° S) are described. In the Coral sea, we highlight minima in dissolved oxygen of 140 μmol kg −1 that are associated with the signature of a southward transport of waters between two zonal jets: from the North Vanuatu Jet to the North Caledonia Jet. This transport takes place in the core of a cyclonic eddy or via the path between a cyclonic eddy and an anticyclonic one, highlighting the importance of mesoscale dynamics in upper thermocline and surface layers. Further east, we observe a strong meridional velocity shear with long-term float trajectories going either eastward or westward in the lower thermocline. More interestingly, these trajectories also exhibit some oscillatory features. Those trajectories can be explained by a single Rossby wave of 160 days period and 855 km wavelength. Considering the thermohaline context, we confirm the meridional shear of zonal velocity and highlight a permanent density front that corresponds to the interface between Antarctic Intermediate Waters and North Pacific Deep Waters. Hence both circulation and thermohaline contexts are highly favorable to instabilities and wave propagation.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Disiplin Kerja, dan Loyalitas Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Lpp Rri Manado

ABSTRAK, Sumber daya manusia mempunyai peran utama dalam setiap kegiatan perusahaan. Walaupun semua fasilitas perusahaan sudah lengkap, tetapi tanpa sumber daya manusia yang handal, semua kegiatan dan organisasi dalam perusahaan tidak akan terselesaikan dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah lingkungan kerja, disiplin kerja dan loyalitas kerja berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada LPP RRI Manado. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan LPP RRI Manado. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian 47 orang. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil Penelitian dan hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan kerja, disiplin kerja dan loyalitas kerja secara simultan dan parsial berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada LPP RRI Manado. Kata kunci: Lingkungan Kerja, Disiplin Kerja dan Loyalitas Kerja.
Finite-volume corrections to electromagnetic masses for larger-than-physical electric charges

The numerical value of the fine-structure constant generally leads to small isospin-breaking effects due to electromagnetism in QCD. This smallness complicates determining isospin breaking from lattice QCD computations that include electromagnetism. One solution to this problem consists of performing computations using larger-than-physical values of the electric charge, and subsequently extrapolating (or interpolating) to the physical value of the fine-structure constant. Motivated by recent lattice QCD + QED computations of electromagnetic masses employing this setup, we consider finite-volume effects arising from the use of larger-than-physical electric charges. A modified power-counting scheme, which is based on treating the fine-structure constant as larger than its physical value, is explored. Results for perturbative QED corrections, however, are surprising. Within the framework of non-relativistic QED, multi-loop diagrams exhibit a momentum factorization property that produces exact cancellations. We determine that power-law finite-volume effects vanish at the leading two- and three-loop order, as well as the next-to-leading two-loop order. For larger-than-physical charges, we consequently expect no appreciable volume corrections beyond leading-order QED.
Third Grade Elementary Students' Perception of Science.

The current study investigated which dimensions of scientific process are capitalized on by elementary school third graders to explain the concept of science at conceptual level. The study was conducted by using “Basic Qualitative Research”, one of the qualitative research approaches with the participation of 225 elementary school third graders. Totally 46 codes used by the students to explain the concept of science were formed and these codes were classified under seven themes. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the students mostly used the codes classified under the theme of scientific process to explain the concept of science. The findings of the study are believed to make some important contributions to the development of the teaching program of the Science Course to be given to elementary school third grade as of 2014-2015 school year and to the implementation of this program by eliciting the current state of students.
Evidence of in situ competition between fungi in freshwater

Five species of fungi, isolated from submerged wood collected from a Brunei peat swamp forest, were tested for their competitive ability. Annulatascus velatisporus, Beverwykella pulmonaria, Dactylella sp. , Monodictys pelagica and Pleurophragmium sp. were paired in all possible combinations on wood and agar in the laboratory. In addition, autoclaved wood blocks were inoculated with these isolates and placed back into water in the peat swamp forest. On agar, there was a competitive hierarchy of Dactylella sp. > Pleurophragmium sp. > A. velatisporus > B. pulmonaria > M. pelagica. In the inoculated blocks exposed in the peat swamp forest however, M. pelagica, A. velatisporus and B. pulmonaria were the only species to significantly reduce the colonisation of other fungi, showing a strong disparity between field and laboratory results. Laboratory studies on wood revealed that A. velatisporus reduced the reproductive capability of other fungi. This study demonstrates the influence of interspecific competition in fungal colonisation of submerged wood.
Designing field studies in soil science

Field research in soil science ranges from modal profile descriptions in support of soil survey to elaborate manipulative experimental designs. All of these field approaches make a valuable contribution to soil science, but researchers who do not use either classical manipulative experimental or geostatistical designs have little guidance (or encouragement) available to them. Well-designed field research of any type requires a clear definition of the research question; a thorough review of the literature to establish the state of knowledge; definition of the population under study and the elements that comprise it; and choice of appropriate scales for sampling support, spacing, and study extent based on an understanding of the underlying processes. For studies where hypothesis testing is appropriate, the hypotheses should be based on sound biological or physical reasoning, and sufficient replicates should be taken to ensure a reliable test. The major challenge in field research design is the development o.
Polymorphism in the First Intron of Interferon-Gamma Gene (+874T/A) in Patients with BCG Adenitis

Background: Cytokines and specially interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) are largely responsible for the regulation of the protective immune response against mycobacterial infections. Several studies have clarified the importance of common variants of IFN-γ gene regarding the susceptibility to tuberculosis. Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine that is used to prevent severe forms of tuberculosis could produce local and systemic side effects. In this study we hypothesized that the IFN-γ (+874T/A) polymorphism was associated with development of BCG adenitis. Methods: Thirty patients with BCG adenitis (18 males and 12 females) and 30 age and sex-matched healthy children, vaccinated with BCG during the first two days of life were chosen. All the patients and controls were of Iranian Fars origin and the study was conducted from 2005 to 2007. DNA samples were obtained from 30 patients with BCG adenitis and 30 age and sex matched healthy vaccinees. Polymorphism at +874 was identified using allele specific polymerase chain reaction. Allele and genotype frequencies in cases and controls were compared using the χ 2 test and odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: The minor allele (T) frequency was significantly lower in patients with BCG adenitis compared to controls (35% vs. 55%, P= 0.02, OR= 0.441, 95% CI= 0.211–0.919). The Armitage trend test revealed a gradually increasing protection from the AA genotype through AT to TT (common odds ratio= 0.49; P= 0.037). Conclusion: Our data suggest that in an Iranian population, the IFN-γ (+874T/A) polymorphism is associated with development of BCG adenitis in the vaccinees.