Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doação de Órgãos no Brasil: Uma Análise das Campanhas Governamentais sob a Perspectiva do Marketing Social

The Focus on Social Marketing: An analysis of the governmental campaigns about donation of organs in Brazil. Currently in Brazil the demand of organ donation is higher than the offer of them. Although the relevant legislation, which is identified in the country is a high demand of people waiting for a compatible organ donor and , on the other hand, a low supply of possible potential donors. Before this situation, the following research has as an objective to analyze the perspective of donors and potential organ donors in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil concerning social marketing strategies used by the government. To do so, a research in quantitative and qualitative approach was done. The data in the quantitative part was collected directly through a survey done with 412 individuals and for the qualitative part, 23 semi-structured interviews with people directly involved in the process of organ donation were held. The results indicate that one of the main factors which interfere negatively in the intention of donating organs is related to safety matters. It emphasizes, still, a low perception concerning the efficiency of social marketing campaigns towards organ donation. Yet, according to the interviewees , such campaigns should merge calls negative and positive in order to provide individuals in addition to the emotional awareness , emotional or cognitive imbalances.
Discriminative Stimulus Effects of 1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM), Ketanserin, and (R)-(+)-α-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-pipidinemethanol (MDL100907) in Rats

Very little is known about constitutive activity in vivo. This study examined whether constitutive activity and inverse agonism contribute to discriminative stimulus effects of drugs acting at serotonin (5-HT)2A receptors. Rats were trained to discriminate between saline and either 0.56 mg/kg 5-HT2 receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM), 1.0 mg/kg 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin, or 0.1 mg/kg purported 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist (R)-(+)-α-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-pipidinemethanol (MDL100907). Discriminative control was established with each drug after 33 to 35 sessions. MDL100907 and ketanserin did not occasion DOM lever responding but attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of DOM. DOM did not occasion responding on the drug-associated lever in rats discriminating MDL100907 or ketanserin, but attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of both drugs. Ketanserin and ritanserin occasioned MDL100907-lever responding, whereas rats discriminating ketanserin responded only partially on the drug-associated lever after receiving MDL100907, ritanserin, or the α1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin. Combining prazosin with MDL100907 or ritanserin resulted in near-complete ketanserin-lever responding, indicating that the ketanserin stimulus involves both 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptors. Administration of p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, then fenfluramine, significantly decreased cortical 5-HT, enhanced sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus effects of DOM, and occasioned partial MDL100907-lever responding. Collectively, these results show that DOM and MDL100907 discriminative stimulus effects are mediated by 5-HT2A receptors and that ketanserin discriminative stimulus effects involve both 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptors. Results in 5-HT-depleted rats further suggest that the discriminative stimulus effects of MDL100907 might involve antagonism of endogenous 5-HT and/or inverse agonism at 5-HT2A receptors.
Markers of muscle damage and performance recovery after exercise in the heat.

PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether competitive intermittent exercise in the heat affects recovery, aggravates markers of muscle fiber damage, and delays the recovery of performance and muscle glycogen stores. METHODS Plasma creatine kinase, serum myoglobin, muscle glycogen, and performance parameters (sprint, endurance, and neuromuscular testing) were evaluated in 17 semiprofessional soccer players before, immediately after, and during 48 h of recovery from a match played in 43°C (HOT) and compared with a control match (21°C with similar turf and setup). RESULTS Muscle temperature was ∼1°C higher (P < 0.001) after the game in HOT compared with control and reached individual values between 39.9°C and 41.1°C. Serum myoglobin levels increased by more than threefold after the matches (P < 0.01), but values were not different in HOT compared with control, and they were similar to baseline values after 24 h of recovery. Creatine kinase was significantly elevated both immediately and 24 h after the matches, but the response after HOT was reduced compared with control. Muscle glycogen responses were similar across trials and remained depressed for more than 48 h after both matches. Sprint performance and voluntary muscle activation were impaired to a similar extent after the matches (sprint by ∼2% and voluntary activation by ∼1.5%; P < 0.05). Both of these performance parameters as well as intermittent endurance capacity (estimated by a Yo-Yo IR1 test) were fully recovered 48 h after both matches. CONCLUSION Environmental heat stress does not aggravate the recovery response from competitive intermittent exercise associated with elevated muscle temperatures and markers of muscle damage, delayed resynthesis of muscle glycogen, and impaired postmatch performance.
Psychiatric history does not predict seizure outcome following temporal lobectomy for mesial temporal sclerosis

Purpose: A lifetime psychiatric history has been reported to be associated with poorer seizure outcome following temporal lobectomy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy, but it remains unclear whether this is confounded by the nature of the epileptogenic pathology. Here we examined this association in a pathologically homogeneous group of patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS).
Outcome Prediction After Coronary Surgery and Redo Surgery for Bleeding (From the KROK Registry).

OBJECTIVES To assess the reliability of EuroSCORE II in an entire population after isolated coronary artery surgery and separately among patients who underwent redo surgery due to bleeding, and to create a model predicting hospital death among patients who underwent redo surgery owing to bleeding. DESIGN Retrospective study based on data from the Polish National Registry of Cardiac Surgical Procedures. SETTING Multi-institutional study. PARTICIPANTS The study comprised 41,353 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery surgery in Poland between January 2012 and December 2014. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS EuroSCORE II reliability was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), the observed-to-expected surgical mortality ratio (O/E), and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Parameters of the function correcting the original EuroSCORE II were determined using the least squares method. The original score was adjusted using a created formula. Among the 41,353 patients, 1,406 (3.4%) underwent reexploration. Even though EuroSCORE II was reliable in predicting hospital mortality in the entire population (AUC 0.76, O/E ratio 1.08), it greatly underestimated mortality for patients who required reexploration (AUC 0.74, O/E ratio 4.33). In this subpopulation, the worst performance of the EuroSCORE II was noted among patients with the lowest predicted mortality (0.50%-0.82%) Accurate calibration was obtained by adding a coefficient and creating a nomogram. CONCLUSIONS EuroSCORE II was reliable in a Polish population undergoing isolated coronary surgery. After redo surgery for bleeding, the observed mortality was much higher than in the overall coronary population, but the rate was made more accurate by adding a coefficient to the initially calculated EuroSCORE II.
Retention Forestry in Southern Patagonia: Multiple Environmental Impacts and Their Temporal Trends

SUMMARY Harvesting with variable retention (VR) applied in Nothofagus forests combines two types of retention: patches of original forest (aggregates) and single isolated homogeneously distributed trees (dispersed). This study assesses the assumption that VR maintains mature forests conditions after harvesting by synthesizing 605 individual results from long-term studies in two regions of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) with permanent monitoring. VR effects on (i) forest structure, (ii) microenvironment, (iii) biodiversity, and (iv) forest reproduction, were investigated. Aggregated retention had no effect on forest structure and microenvironmental variables, but increased biodiversity variables and forest reproduction compared to unmanaged primary forest (control). Dispersed retention negatively affected the forest structure, increased biodiversity, but did not affect microclimate and forest reproduction when compared to primary forest. Thus, the ecological conditions of N. pumilio forests are influenced by variable retention harvesting, but direction and magnitude of the effect depend on the treatment and differ among groups of variable. Inside aggregates several primary forest components and conditions were maintained.
A Binarized Neural Network Accelerator with Differential Crosspoint Memristor Array for Energy-Efficient MAC Operations

Binarized Neural Networks (BNN) significantly reduce computational complexity and relax memory requirements with binarized weights and activations. We propose a differential crosspoint (DX) memristor array for enabling parallel multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations in BNN to further improve the efficiency. Two differential memristors compose one synapse. The synapses on the same column form a voltage divider in which the output voltage corresponds linearly to the digital summation. The analog output voltage is then quantized to 4-bit output by a voltage sense amplifier. A small 64×64 DX array in every DX unit (DXU) minimizes parasitic resistance and capacitance for quicker MAC operations. A system architecture using DXUs for BNN acceleration is introduced. A wide range of BNN models can be mapped to an array of DXUs. To further reduce the energy spent on data movement, a neighbor shifting scheme increases the input data reusability. The effects of quantization and bit errors are investigated by running MNIST and CFAR-10 datasets. A DXU is able to achieve an estimated energy efficiency of 160 TMAC/s/W.
Pharmacodynamic markers and clinical results from the phase 2 study of the SMAC mimetic birinapant in women with relapsed platinum‐resistant or ‐refractory epithelial ovarian cancer

Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are key regulators of apoptosis and are frequently dysregulated in ovarian cancer. It was hypothesized that blocking IAPs with birinapant would increase tumor cell death and result in objective responses for women with platinum‐refractory and ‐resistant ovarian cancer.
Analysis of Effectiveness of Different Rotational Instruments in Implantoplasty: An In Vitro Study

Objective:To analyze the temperature increase in the implant, adjacent bone, procedure time, and roughness provided by different rotatory instruments in the implantoplasty procedure. Material and methods:Three types of rotational instruments were used to evaluate the implant surface wear, divided according to their surface features: Group 1 (G1) diamond, Group 2 (G2) tungsten carbide, and Group 3 (G3) multilaminar. For the roughness test, a control group was included for comparison with the test groups. Results:The temperature variation was statistically significant in the implant (P < 0.05) where G2 showed the lowest variation. There was no statistically significant difference between the 3 groups regarding the temperature increase measured in the bone (P > 0.05). The difference of wear time was statistically significant (P < 0.05) with faster results for G3. In the surface roughness analyses, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the control group and the test groups. Among the 3 test groups, the difference between measurements was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion:All tested rotatory instruments performed the same level of surface roughness in the implantoplasty. The tungsten carbide bur caused a minor change in the implant temperature. The multilaminar bur performed a faster wear time. More in vivo studies are necessary to conclude which is the best rotatory instrument for implantoplasty.
DETERMINATION OF MEAN INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Objective: To determine mean intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Ophthalmology department of Combined Military Hospital Peshawar, from Mar 2014 to Sep 2014. Patients and Methods: A total of 182 eyes (91 patients) were included in this study. All patients were subjected to slit lamp examination and dilated fundus examination. HbA1c levels were carried out by standard laboratory procedures. IOP of right and left eye was measured routinely one time (between 1000-1200 hrs) through Gold mann aplanation tonometer. Results: Age of the patients ranged from 40 to 59 years. There were 52% males (48) and 47.3% females (43). Mean values of age, HbA1c and duration of DM were 51.44 ± 5.04, 7.36 ± 0.54 and 9.16 ± 4.95, respectively. Mean IOP was 19.43 ± 2.98 in right and 19.52 ± 2.73 in left eyes of type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusion: The mean intra-ocular pressure appeared to be higher than normal in diabetic population.
The effects of spatting and ankle taping on inversion before and after exercise.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of spatting, taping and spatting, taping, and not taping on the amount and rate of inversion of the ankle before and after exercise. DESIGN AND SETTING We filmed subjects at 60 Hz while they stood on a platform that suddenly inverted the right ankle. Five trials were measured before and after a 30-minute period of drills. SUBJECTS We tested 15 male rugby players with no history of lower-leg injury within the previous 6 months limiting activity for more than 2 days. MEASUREMENTS The amount and rate of inversion in the four conditions were digitized and analyzed. RESULTS The combination of spatting and taping was the most effective in reducing inversion rate and range of motion before and after exercise. CONCLUSIONS All three taping treatments were effective in reducing the amount and rate of inversion. Exercise loosened the tape, but there may be a functional restriction of the amount and rate of inversion after exercise.
A Kaupapa Maori supervision context - cultural and professional

This article affirms an indigenous perspective for Maori practitioners of professional supervision in the social sciences, particularly in the practice of Kaupapa Maori supervision. Definitions of supervision are discussed, Codes of Ethics are analysed and are provided a cultural response. Key problem areas of the current cultural supervision situation are identified and an analysis of those areas is deconstructed by asking questions of existing power relations within the sector. Accountability, representation, initiation, benefits and legitimization (Bishop and Glynn, 1990) are the topics under scrutiny. The article reports on a reconstruction of some key solution areas as researched in a PhD study of Kaupapa Māori supervision, completed in 2013.
High-grade trichoblastic carcinosarcoma.

A case of low-grade trichoblastic carcinosarcoma was reported in 2004. Here we present the second case of this tumor, which, in contrast to the original example, may be classified as a high-grade neoplasm. A 92-year-old man presented with an ulcerated lesion on the left ear. The tumor was excised, and the patient had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis 6 years after surgery. Microscopically, the neoplasm demonstrated a fenestrated growth pattern with a slightly myxoid matrix in the background. Two clear components were identified: the first component was clearly epithelial with formation of small round nests, lobules, delicate strands, and small cribriform structures of basaloid cells with some degree of peripheral palisading, nuclear atypia, focal nuclear crowding, and frequent mitotic figures including abnormal forms. Each epithelial aggregation was invariably surrounded by one to three rows of cells with oval to round nuclei, which appeared very similar to specific trichogenic stroma seen in anagen follicles or in trichoblastomas; however, these stromal cells manifested atypical mitoses and cellular pleomorphism. The epithelial and stromal units frequently formed structures identical to follicular papillae associated with germs or "continuous germs" contiguous with "continuous papillae. " Despite the close association throughout the tumor, the epithelial and the stromal cells were sharply separated, without transition between both elements. In foci, these stromal cells lost their follicular papillae-like arrangement and proliferated in a diffuse fashion and gradually blended with highly pleomorphic mononuclear spindle-shaped cells and bizarre multinucleated cells that grew in sheets in a highly vascular stroma. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial component showed diffuse staining for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3) and was negative for vimentin and CAM5.2. The stromal cells were positive for vimentin and negative for cytokeratin markers (AE1/AE3) and desmin. We view the present case and that previously reported in 2004 as authentic carcinosarcomas, and not as metaplastic (sarcomatoid) basal cell carcinomas. This conclusion is reached after analyzing the embryological development of the hair follicle, its normal histology and the morphology of cutaneous adnexal tumors with follicular differentiation.
Multiple Antiviral Activities of Cyanovirin-N: Blocking of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Interaction with CD4 and Coreceptor and Inhibition of Diverse Enveloped Viruses

ABSTRACT Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) is a cyanobacterial protein with potent neutralizing activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). CV-N has been shown to bind HIV type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 with high affinity; moreover, it blocks the envelope glycoprotein-mediated membrane fusion reaction associated with HIV-1 entry. However, the inhibitory mechanism(s) remains unclear. In this study, we show that CV-N blocked binding of gp120 to cell-associated CD4. Consistent with this, pretreatment of gp120 with CV-N inhibited soluble CD4 (sCD4)-dependent binding of gp120 to cell-associated CCR5. To investigate possible effects of CV-N at post-CD4 binding steps, we used an assay that measures sCD4 activation of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein for fusion with CCR5-expressing cells. CV-N displayed equivalently potent inhibitory effects when added before or after sCD4 activation, suggesting that CV-N also has blocking action at the level of gp120 interaction with coreceptor. This effect was shown not to be due to CV-N-induced coreceptor down-modulation after the CD4 binding step. The multiple activities against the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein prompted us to examine other enveloped viruses. CV-N potently blocked infection by feline immunodeficiency virus, which utilizes the chemokine receptor CXCR4 as an entry receptor but is CD4 independent. CV-N also inhibited fusion and/or infection by human herpesvirus 6 and measles virus but not by vaccinia virus. Thus, CV-N has broad-spectrum antiviral activity, both for multiple steps in the HIV entry mechanism and for diverse enveloped viruses. This broad specificity has implications for potential clinical utility of CV-N.
Corticosterone mediates reciprocal changes in CB 1 and TRPV1 receptors in primary sensory neurons in the chronically stressed rat.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic stress is associated with visceral hyperalgesia in functional gastrointestinal disorders. We investigated whether corticosterone plays a role in chronic psychological stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia. METHODS Male rats were subjected to 1-hour water avoidance (WA) stress or subcutaneous corticosterone injection daily for 10 consecutive days in the presence or absence of corticoid-receptor antagonist RU-486 and cannabinoid-receptor agonist WIN55,212-2. The visceromotor response to colorectal distension was measured. Receptor protein levels were measured and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were used to assess transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) currents in L6-S2 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Mass spectrometry was used to measure endocannabinoid anandamide content. RESULTS Chronic WA stress was associated with visceral hyperalgesia in response to colorectal distension, increased stool output and reciprocal changes in cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) (decreased) and TRPV1 (increased) receptor expression and function. Treatment of WA stressed rats with RU-486 prevented these changes. Control rats treated with serial injections of corticosterone in situ showed a significant increase in serum corticosterone associated with visceral hyperalgesia, enhanced anandamide content, increased TRPV1, and decreased CB1 receptor protein levels, which were prevented by co-treatment with RU-486. Exposure of isolated control L6-S2 DRGs in vitro to corticosterone reproduced the changes in CB1 and TRPV1 receptors observed in situ, which was prevented by co-treatment with RU-486 or WIN55,212-2. CONCLUSIONS These results support a novel role for corticosterone to modulate CB1 and TRPV1-receptor pathways in L6-S2 DRGs in the chronic WA stressed rat, which contributes to visceral hyperalgesia observed in this model.
The impact of location on the use of information systems: Case study - health information kiosks

Touch‐screen kiosks are situated in a variety of locations to provide the public with ready access to health information. This paper examines their use, via the transactional logs, and makes comparisons between the types of organisation in which the kiosks are housed. Twenty‐one kiosks were selected and categorised into four groups – pharmacy, hospital, information centre and surgery. A small case study features a supermarket kiosk. Details of nearly 90,000 user sessions and 750,000 page views were used for the comparison. Comparisons between sites were made in terms of number of users, their age and gender, trends over time, the number of sessions conducted, page view time, session duration, pages viewed, site penetration, number of pages printed and health topics viewed. There were considerable differences between the kiosk locations. This early research provides the quantitative foundation for a fuller study of kiosk location and the differences in perceptions of the quality/authority of kiosk data.
Pathways to Retirement, Income, and Cause-Specific Mortality Risks in the Netherlands

We examine to what extent pathways to statutory retirement other than employment are associated with adverse health conditions as measured by increased cause-specific mortality risk during retirement. To do so, we estimate a dependent competing risks model using Dutch administrative data. We find that income is not associated with cancer mortality risk but that the mortality risks for cardiovascular disease and other diseases are about twice as high among low-income as among high-income individuals. Additionally, younger birth cohorts have a lower overall mortality risk because of their lower mortality risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Finally, compared to individuals who remain employed during the three years preceding statutory retirement, among those who are early retired, unemployed, self-employed, or nonparticipating we find no significantly different mortality risks for cancer, CVD, or other diseases. Such risks, however, are about twice as high among individuals on disability during the three years preceding statutory retirement. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of policies aimed at increasing employment among individuals aged 55-64 may, on average, not be adversely affected by the health conditions of non-employed individuals other than those on disability.