Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teacher-Centered vs. Student-Centered

Wright (2011) distinguishes between teacher-centered and student-centered learning approaches along a spectrum of five dimensions: power balance, course content function, teacher and student roles, responsibility for learning, and assessment purposes and processes. Based on Wright’s framework, this study explores students’ perceptions of their experience with teaching methods at Uganda’s Makerere University. Specifically, the investigation uses a mixed-methods research approach that combines survey data with focus group discussions. A total of 82 students volunteered, with 54 returning questionnaires. From among the 54 students, eight were chosen for focus group discussions. Students provided information about course content, educational philosophy, and teaching activities. In the area of course content, students reported that course completion and examination results outweighed skill development. The results for educational philosophy showed that the preparation of compliant citizens took precedence over the development of self-reliant individuals. Finally, the findings for teaching activities indicated that while teacher-centered tasks still predominated, several students had been exposed to some student-centered activities.
Meningomielorradiculite por Schistosoma mansoni: protocolo de investigação e registro de 21 casos

Registro de 21 casos de meningomielorradiculite esquistossomotica (MMRE), resultado de 4 anos de investigacao baseada em «Protocolo de Investigacao Clinica e Laboratorial» aplicado em 212 pacientes. O Protocolo consistiu em submeter a investigacao todo o paciente que apresentasse triade clinica inicial caracterizada por dor lombar, parestesias em membros inferiores e dificuldade a miccao. Os criterios diagnosticos foram baseados no quadro clinico neurologico, presenca de ovos de Schistosoma mansoni nas fezes ou biopsia retal, positividade da reacao de imunofluorescencia para esquistossomose no LCR, caracteristicas do tipo de quadro inflamatorio do LCR e diagnostico diferencial exaustivo. Em nenhum dos casos houve estudo histopatologico. O tratamento foi realizado o mais precocemente possivel e empregada a associacao de corticoides com oxaminiquine em todos os casos. Os pacientes sao analisados no ponto de vista do sexo, faixa etaria, profissao, quadro clinico e neurologico, nivel da lesao e forma clinica. Aspectos do exame do LCR, do tratamento e da evolucao clinica sao tambem analisados. Acham os autores que o diagnostico da MMRE justifica-se desde que baseado em criterios clinicos e laboratoriais rigorosos, pois a MMRE e entidade nosologica bem definida do ponto de vista clinico e patologico. Os autores sugerem aos servicos de neurologia planejamento e aplicacao de Protocolos semelhantes com o objetivo de que a MMRE seja diagnosticada e tratada precocemente. Estarao, assim, evitando lesoes e sequelas irreversiveis, prejudiciais aos pacientes sob o ponto de vista social.
A Phase II Study of Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 Injections in Adult Patients With Recurrent Anaplastic Astrocytoma—Final report (Protocol BT-15)

The recommended treatment for recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) consists of chemotherapy with temozolomide. There is an urgent need for new therapies for such patients. This phase II study evaluates efficacy and safety of a different form of cancer therapy that consists of antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 (ANP). 27 patients, ages 19 to 57 years (median, 41) with recurrent AA were treated. All patients previously underwent surgery, all received radiation therapy, and 16 underwent chemotherapy. The patients received treatment with ANP administered daily every four hours (median dose of A10 6.0 g/kg/d and AS2-1 0.25 g/kg/d). All patients were included in efficacy and safety analysis. The median duration of ANP was 23.1 weeks. A complete response was documented in 7%, partial response in 11%, and stable disease in 22% of patients. Progression-free survival and overall survival at 12 months was 26% and 41% respectively. The only serious toxicity was Grade 3 reversible hypokalemia in 7% of patients. There was no chronic toxicity and there was a high quality of life. ANP shows efficacy with very good toxicity profile in this cohort of patients with recurrent AA.
Connective Leadership: The Chief Nursing Officers' Relationship with Staff Nurses

"CONNECTIVE LEADERSHIP: THE CHIEF NURSING OFFICERS' RELATIONSHIP WITH STAFF NURSES" Mary Ellen Clyne, MSN, RN, NEA-BC Seton Hall University 2011 Background: According to the Health Care Advisory Board (2006), forty six percent ofstaff nurses (SNs) from the acute care hospital setting are not satisfied with their ChiefNursing Officer (CNO). Additionally, SNs were found to have the lowest employee satisfaction scores compared to all health care workers from an acute care hospital. The study findings indicated that SNs felt the CNO was removed from the reality ofthe SNs work day; in addition, the CNO did not care about things that were of concern to the SNs; and the CNO was not a visible advocate for nursing in the organization. The SNs also reported that hospital administration does not respect the contributions ofnursing in their Health Care Organizations. There is no research regarding the nature ofthe CNOs relationship with SNs from an acute care hospital setting. Objectives: The aim ofthis study was to describe and understand the nature ofthe CNOs relationship with SNs from an acute care hospital setting. Method: The method of inquiry utilized for this study was phenomenology. Six CNOs participated in the study. Interviews with each participant were conducted and each interview was recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by utilizing qualitative techniques as described by Ely (1991). Patterns and themes emerged from the lived experience ofeach participant. Each theme was identified and described. Results: Four main themes were identified: developing and sustaining the relationship, creating a positive work environment, brave leadership, and return on the investment in the relationship. One metatheme was discovered: connective leadership. Connectivity leadership captured the essence ofthe relationship between the CNO and SNs. Conclusions: Seven research-based recommendations are presented for the practice of nursing administration.
Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery among women who attended Al Sadder teaching hospital, Misan, Iraq, 2016

A trial of labor has become the advisable choice for delivery in women with one previous low transverse segment and no recurring indication for elective repeated CS. However, a controversy exists regarding the safety and efficacy. This study was aimed to assessed Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Delivery among Women. A prospective study was conducted in Missan province at Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital during the period of January 2016 to January 2017. One hundred women with a single previous lower segment, incision attended the maternity unit with labor pain were selected. All data were collected through direct interview. Main characteristics of the study group were described using figures and tables comparing VBAC and CS groups. The data entered and analyzed using by SPSS software version 20. Statistically significant differences were defined as p < 0.05. The results of this study revealed that the mean age was 28 years (± 2.2 SD); 89% were housewives, 73% have had 2-5 previous conceptions, and 80% reported less than two years between the previous CS and the current delivery. This study showed that 55% of the total study group delivered vaginally. The higher incidence of VBAC was among women aged 15-24 and 25-34 year. Significantly the majority of housewives were more likely to deliver vaginally compared with. The highest incidence of successful VBAC was among women when the interval between the previous CS and the current delivery is <2 years. We concluded the study revealed that VBAC is an acceptable choice for delivery, especially if women have been selected with proper criteria with appropriate timing and close supervision.
Pathogenesis of Endocarditis – Bacteraemia of Oral Origin

Bacteraemia is defined as the presence of bacteria in the blood. A feature that is unique to the oral bacterial biofilm, particularly the subgingival plaque biofilm, is its close proximity to a highly vascularised milieu. Any disruption of the natural integrity between the biofilm and the subgingival epithelium, which is at most about 10 cell layers thick, could lead to a bacteraemic state (Parahitiyawa et al., 2009). For several decades, the haematogenous spread of bacteria from the oral cavity has been considered a decisive factor in the pathogenesis of 10% to 15% of cases of infective endocarditis (IE); certain dental procedures may therefore carry a significant risk (Carmona et al., 2002). However, this statement has come under question, its detractors argue that not all patients with heart valves infected by bacteria that typically colonize ecological niches of the oral cavity have undergone dental procedures. Furthermore, there is as yet little evidence of genetic similarity between bacteria isolated from the heart valves, the bloodstream, and the oral cavity of patients with IE (Pallasch, 2003; Seymour et al., 2000).
Different Shapes of the Human Parathyroid Glands – A Postmortem Study

Context: The parathyroid glands are very essential for survival. Parathyroid related clinical conditions such as parathyroid adenoma and hyperplasia are common. Different shapes of the human parathyroid glands have been identified. Knowledge of different shapes of the parathyroid gland is essential for surgeon, sonologist, pathologist for better diagnosis and management of parathyroid diseases. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was designed in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January to December 2008 to see different shape of the parathyroid gland and was performed on post mortem parathyroid glands of 60 Bangladeshi people of different age, ranging from 15 to 75 years. A total of 207 parathyroid glands were taken from the cadavers. The samples were collected from the unclaimed dead bodies within 24-36 hours after death which were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Different shapes were observed by using a hand lens. Results: Parathyroid glands were found to be oval (35.76%), leaf shaped (27.43%), spherical (24.76%), tear-drop shaped (2.41%), rod like (4.83%), sausage like (1.93%), pancake shaped (1.44%) and bean shaped (1.44%). Key words: Parathyroid gland; shape of parathyroid. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i1. 6305 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(1) : 44-46
The Important Role of Teachers’ Feedback during Speaking Activities in Moroccan Classes

Throughout the teaching/learning process of speaking, a teacher’s role is believed to hold great importance. Teachers initiate learners to the whole learning process, and their feedback constitutes the significant step forward that triggers learners towards enunciating a language. As an illustration, Swain (1985, 2000) uses empirical evidence to show the importance of teacher’s feedback during the production of speaking. Relatable to feedback during oral activity are issues that highlight teachers’ pronunciation, fluency, body language, facial expressions, and error correction during the production phase. To identify these areas, the current article used students’ questionnaires. The general aim is to gauge learners’ perceptions, practices and problems. Results highlight the pivotal teachers’ role in the whole process. Therefore, the specific aim of this study is to investigate the role of teachers’ feedback during speaking activities in Moroccan classes. Results show that interaction enhancement and negotiation density do indeed establish the interconnection between accuracy and fluency. Some speech strategists and specialists have already demonstrated how instruction and the way teachers provide feedback do play a major role in learners’ speaking skills including the need for a contrary evidence.
Demographic and Hearing Related Variables Important for Prediction of Disabling Hearing Impairment: A Community Based Survey

Aim : The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Disabling Hearing impairment and describe socio - demographic and hearing related risk factors as possible predictors of disabling hearing impairment. Study Design: This was a Cross - sec tional and descriptive study Place and Duration of Study : A semi - urban district called Kumbotso in Kano state, Northern Nigeria. 3 rd March 2013. Methodology : Data came from 58 participants, (39 females, 19 males; age range 5 - 50 years) who completed audiome tric testing during the Ear diseases/Hearing impairment survey. Audiometric testing was performed on the participants, air - conduction hearing thresholds in decibels hearing level (dB HL) were obtained for each ear at frequencies of 0.5 - 4 kHz. Disabling Hea ring loss was
Upscaling of foam forming technology for pilot scale

The need for production cost savings and changes in the global paper and board industry during recent years have been constants. Changes in the global paper and board industry during past years have increased the need for more cost-efficient processes and production technologies. It is known that in paper and board production, foam typically leads to problems in the process rather than improvements in production efficiency. Foam forming technology, where foam is used as a carrier phase and a flowing medium, exploits the properties of dispersive foam. In this study, the possibility of applying foam forming technology to paper applications was investigated using a pilot scale paper forming environment modified for foam forming from conventional water forming. According to the results, the shape of jet-to-wire ratios was the same in both forming methods, but in the case of foam forming, the achieved scale of jet-to-wire ratio and MD/CD-ratio were wider and not behaving sensitively to shear changes in the forming section as a water forming process would. This kind of behavior would be beneficial when upscaling foam technology to the production scale. The dryness results after the forming section indicated the improvement in dewatering, especially when foam density was at the lowest level (i.e., air content was at the highest level). In addition, the dryness results after the pressing section indicated a faster increase in the dryness level as a function of foam density, with all density levels compared to the corresponding water formed sheets. According to the study, the bonding level of water- and foam-laid structures were at the same level when the highest wet pressing value was applied. The results of the study show that the strength loss often associated with foam forming can be compensated for successfully through wet pressing.
The Effect of a Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Mobile Application on Student Learning of Assessment Skills: A Pilot Study

Purpose/Hypothesis: Advances in technology have recently resulted in the development of mobile learning applications (apps) for college students. Despite a recent influx ofmobile apps, there is a lackof empirical data about the effectiveness of these apps on learning in the area of cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapy (PT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a researcher-generated cardiopulmonary mobile application on student skills in assessing blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and pedal pulses. Number of Subjects: Twenty firstyear PT graduate students were recruited for the study. Participants’ names were randomly chosen out of an envelope toassign them into1of3groups: demonstration (N57),mobile app (N57), ordemonstration/mobile app (N 5 6). Materials/Methods: After providing informed consent, each group participated in their randomized intervention. The demonstration group received demonstrations of each skill from a scripted therapist, followed by laboratorypractice; themobileappgroup receiveda5-minute tutorial ofhowtouse theapp, followedby laboratory practice; the demonstration/mobile app group received both demonstration and themobile app tutorial, followed by laboratory practice. Independent of group type, all participants were allotted 45 minutes in the laboratory to practice performing and interpreting BP, HR, and pedal pulses, after demonstration, demonstration/mobile app, or mobile app instruction. After the laboratory practice, participants were individually tested on the skills learned during the laboratory by a short competency examination administered by 3 licensed physical therapists. These physical therapists were blinded to each group’s identity. Results: Total competency was highest among the demonstration/mobile app group as compared with the other 2 groups. The total competency examination score was statistically significant fordifferent teachingmethodswith theuseofdemonstrationand themobile application beingmore effective than only using themobile application P5 . 032. No significant differencewas noted between the mobile app group and the group using demonstration only, P 5 . 24. No other group differences were noted. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest PT students demonstrate improved total competency examination scores (total score of BP, HR, and pedal pulses) when provided a mobile application combined with traditional demonstration. Clinical Relevance: There is currently a paucity of literature in PT education pertaining to mobile learning. The results of the current study support theuseofamobile app inaddition to traditional learningmethods. Future research should include a multisite design and validation of a clinical competency instrument. (Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2020;31:66–73)
Different Potentials of γδ T Cell Subsets in Regulating Airway Responsiveness: Vγ1+ Cells, but Not Vγ4+ Cells, Promote Airway Hyperreactivity, Th2 Cytokines, and Airway Inflammation1

Allergic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity are modulated by γδ T cells, but different experimental parameters can influence the effects observed. For example, in sensitized C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, transient depletion of all TCR-δ+ cells just before airway challenge resulted in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), but caused hyporesponsiveness when initiated before i.p. sensitization. Vγ4+ γδ T cells strongly suppressed AHR; their depletion relieved suppression when initiated before challenge, but not before sensitization, and they suppressed AHR when transferred before challenge into sensitized TCR-Vγ4−/−/6−/− mice. In contrast, Vγ1+ γδ T cells enhanced AHR and airway inflammation. In normal mice (C57BL/6 and BALB/c), enhancement of AHR was abrogated only when these cells were depleted before sensitization, but not before challenge, and with regard to airway inflammation, this effect was limited to C57BL/6 mice. However, Vγ1+ γδ T cells enhanced AHR when transferred before challenge into sensitized B6.TCR-δ−/− mice. In this study Vγ1+ cells also increased levels of Th2 cytokines in the airways and, to a lesser extent, lung eosinophil numbers. Thus, Vγ4+ cells suppress AHR, and Vγ1+ cells enhance AHR and airway inflammation under defined experimental conditions. These findings show how γδ T cells can be both inhibitors and enhancers of AHR and airway inflammation, and they provide further support for the hypothesis that TCR expression and function cosegregate in γδ T cells.
The Effect of Pediococcus pentosaceus on Stool Frequency, TNF-α Level, Gut Microflora Balance in Diarrhea-induced Mice

Background: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are pathogenic microorganisms causing inflammation and imbalanced gut microflora that may result in diarrhea. Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus) isolated from “dadih” (milk curd) are used as probiotics containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are useful to improve the balance of intestinal microflora and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. This study was aimed to recognize the effect of P. pentosaceus supplementation on stool frequency, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and gut microflora balance in experimental mice with EPEC-induced diarrhea. Method : The study was conducted in 60 white mice (Mus muscullus) at Biomedical Laboratory, Biotechnology/Production and Animal Husbandry Technology Institute, University of Andalas, Padang in April 2012. The frequency of stool, TNF-α level and microflora balance of the mice were measured before and after the EPEC-induced diarrhea and following the administration of antibiotics. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Duncan test. Results: The highest mean stool frequency was found in positive control group, i.e. 55 times, which was reduced significantly after 12-hour P. pentosaceus supplementation in a dose of 2 x 108 cfu/g into 18 times. The mean TNF-α level in positive control group was 128.17 pg/mL that lowered significantly to 48.0 pg/mL. The highest mean total number of LAB was 97.0 x 107 cfu/g, which was significantly different from positive control group of 7 x 107 cfu/g. Conclusion: P. pentosaceus supplementation in a dose of 2 x 108 cfu/g may reduce the stool frequency, lower TNF-α and improve the gut microflora balance following 12-hour supplementation in diarrhea-induced mice. Keywords: Pediococcus pentosaceus, TNF-α, diarrhea, EPEC, gut microflora
Studying Effects of Primary Care Physicians and Patients on the Trade-Off Between Charges for Primary Care and Specialty Care Using a Hierarchical Multivariate Two-Part Model

Objective. To examine effects of primary care physicians (PCPs) and patients on the association between charges for primary care and specialty care in a point-of-service (POS) health plan.Data Source. Claims from 1996 for 3,308 adult male POS plan members, each of whom was assigned to one of the 50 family practitioner-PCPs with the largest POS plan member-loads.Study Design. A hierarchical multivariate two-part model was fitted using a Gibbs sampler to estimate PCPs' effects on patients' annual charges for two types of services, primary care and specialty care, the associations among PCPs' effects, and within-patient associations between charges for the two services. Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACGs) were used to adjust for case-mix. Principal Findings. PCPs with higher case-mix adjusted rates of specialist use were less likely to see their patients at least once during the year (estimated correlation: .40; 95% CI: .71, .008) and provided fewer services to patients that they saw (estimated correlation: .53; 95% CI: .77, .21). Ten of 11 PCPs whose case-mix adjusted effects on primary care charges were significantly less than or greater than zero (p < .05) had estimated, case-mix adjusted effects on specialty care charges that were of opposite sign (but not significantly different than zero). After adjustment for ACG and PCP effects, the within-patient, estimated odds ratio for any use of primary care given any use of specialty care was . 57 (95% CI: .45, .73). Conclusions. PCPs and patients contributed independently to a trade-off between utilization of primary care and specialty care. The trade-off appeared to partially offset significant differences in the amount of care provided by PCPs. These findings were possible because we employed a hierarchical multivariate model rather than separate univariate models.
Energy and protein metabolism in the elderly

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