Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-resolution SMA imaging of bright submillimetre sources from the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey.

We have used the Submillimeter Array (SMA) at 860 µm to observe the brightest sources in the Submillimeter Common User Bolometer Array-2 (SCUBA-2) Cosmology Legacy Survey (S2CLS). The goal of this survey is to exploit the large field of the S2CLS along with the resolution and sensitivity of the SMA to construct a large sample of these rare sources and to study their statistical properties. We have targeted 70 of the brightest single-dish SCUBA-2 850 µm sources down to S850 ≈ 8 mJy, achieving an average synthesized beam of 2.4 arcsec and an average rms of σ860 = 1.5 mJy beam−1 in our primary beam-corrected maps. We searched our SMA maps for 4σ peaks, corresponding to S860 6 mJy sources, and detected 62, galaxies, including three pairs. We include in our study 35 archival observations, bringing our sample size to 105 bright single-dish submillimetre sources with interferometric followup. We compute the cumulative and differential number counts, finding them to overlap with previous single-dish survey number counts within the uncertainties, although our cumulative number count is systematically lower than the parent S2CLS cumulative number count by 14 ± 6 per cent between 11 and 15 mJy. We estimate the probability that a 10 mJy singledish submillimetre source resolves into two or more galaxies with similar flux densities to be less than 15 per cent. Assuming the remaining 85 per cent of the targets are ultraluminous starburst galaxies between z = 2 and 3, we find a likely volume density of 400 M yr−1 sources to be ∼ 3+0.7 −0.6 × 10−7 Mpc−3. We show that the descendants of these galaxies could be 4 × 1011 M local quiescent galaxies, and that about 10 per cent of their total stellar mass would have formed during these short bursts of star formation.
Associations of co-mimetic ithomiine butterflies on small spatial and temporal scales in a neotropic

To test whether ithomiine butterfly species within Mullerian mimetic classes are associated in space and time, we sampled a community of ithomiine butterflies at monthly intervals with traps in the canopy and the understory of four forest habitats: primary, higrade, secondary and edge. A species accumulation curve reached an asymptote at 22 species, suggesting that these species have a greater preference for feeding on fruit juices than other ithomiines known to occur at the study site. Species richness and individual abundance showed marked temporal variation, and there were slight differences in the distribution of species richness and individual abundance among the four habitats. The 22 species sampled in this study were not stratified vertically. The five mimetic colour classes of these butterflies were unequally distributed among the four habitats and over the course of the twelve months. There is suggestive evidence that co-mimic species occurred in the same habitats, and strong evidence that they occurred at the same times. Habitat and temporal effects each contributed approximately 10% to the total mimetic class diversity, with the temporal effect being slightly larger than that of habitat. This study demonstrates that Mullerian co-mimic associations can be measured on a much smaller scale than has been done previously.
MIMO Transceiver Design via Majorization Theory

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels provide an abstract and unified representation of different physical communication systems, ranging from multi-antenna wireless channels to wireless digital subscriber line systems. They have the key property that several data streams can be simultaneously established. In general, the design of communication systems for MIMO channels is quite involved (if one can assume the use of sufficiently long and good codes, then the problem formulation simplifies drastically). The first difficulty lies on how to measure the global performance of such systems given the tradeoff on the performance among the different data streams. Once the problem formulation is defined, the resulting mathematical problem is typically too complicated to be optimally solved as it is a matrix-valued nonconvex optimization problem. This design problem has been studied for the past three decades (the first papers dating back to the 1970s) motivated initially by cable systems and more recently by wireless multi-antenna systems. The approach was to choose a specific global measure of performance and then to design the system accordingly, either optimally or suboptimally, depending on the difficulty of the problem. This text presents an up-to-date unified mathematical framework for the design of point-to-point MIMO transceivers with channel state information at both sides of the link according to an arbitrary cost function as a measure of the system performance. In addition, the framework embraces the design of systems with given individual performance on the data streams. Majorization theory is the underlying mathematical theory on which the framework hinges. It allows the transformation of the originally complicated matrix-valued nonconvex problem into a simple scalar problem. In particular, the additive majorization relation plays a key role in the design of linear MIMO transceivers (i.e., a linear precoder at the transmitter and a linear equalizer at the receiver), whereas the multiplicative majorization relation is the basis for nonlinear decision-feedback MIMO transceivers (i.e., a linear precoder at the transmitter and a decision-feedback equalizer at the receiver).
Analysis of absorber and buffer layer band gap grading on CIGS thin film solar cell performance using SCAPS

A numerical simulation and analysis was performed to investigate the effect of absorber and buffer layer band gap grading and on a Copper-Indium-Gallium-Diselenide (CIGS) solar cell. The software used is the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). The absorber and buffer layer energy band structures' effect on the cell's output parameters such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, fill factor and efficiency were extensively simulated. Two structures of the energy band gap were simulated and studied for each of the absorber and buffer layer. The simulation was done on the uniform structure in which the energy band gap is constant throughout the layer. It was then continued on the cell with graded band structure, where the energy band gap of the material is varied throughout the layer. It was found that the cell with graded band structure in absorber and buffer layer had demonstrated higher efficiency and better performance in comparison with the cell with uniform band gap structure.
Phenolic extract and purified hydroxytyrosol recovered from olive mill wastewater prevent in vivo low-density lipoprotein oxidation and modulates lipid metabolism in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet

Atherosclerosis, the principal contributor to the pathogenesis of myocardial and cerebral infarctions, is known to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hyperlipidemia and elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) resulting from lipid metabolic changes are an important risk factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Phenolic compounds from various sources have been reported to prevent LDL oxidation in vitro and show marked hypolipidemic activity in vivo, suggesting the effectiveness of polyphenols for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. In this study, a phenolic-rich extract of olive mill wastewaters (OMW) was prepared under optimal conditions and hydroxytyrosol was purified from the obtained extract. Moreover, the effects of these phenolic on the susceptibility of human LDL to oxidation and on plasma lipids in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet were studied. First, lipoproteins were isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation from the plasma of healthy subject. After dialysis, LDL was incubated in the presence of Cu SO4. The oxidation was followed by the kinetics of appearance of the conjugated dienes and quantification of lipid peroxidation products (TBARS). For in vivo effect, Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 8). Group 1 was fed a standard laboratory diet (CD). Group 2 was fed a High cholesterol diet (HCD). Groups 3 and 4 received HCD with Hydroxtyrosol at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg respectively. Groups 5and 6 received HCD with OMW extract at 5 and 10 mg/kg respectively. Serum and tissues were collected for biochemical and histological studies. Hydroxytyrosol and OMW extract significantly prolonged the lag time of LDL oxidation and reduced The TBARS formation. In vivo experiments, the cholesterol-rich diet induced hypercholesterolemia that was manifested in the elevation of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Administration of Hydroxytyrosol and OMW extract decreased the serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C significantly and increased the serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). From this data, it can be implied that OMW phenolics possess both antioxidant effects against LDL oxidation and hypolipidemic effects in vivo.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Opening the black box : internal capital markets and managerial power in conglomerates

How do firms allocate capital internally across units? Do more powerful and better connected managers inside a conglomerate get larger capital allocations? To answer these questions, we put together a unique five-year business-unit panel data set on planned and actual capital allocations inside a world-wide conglomerate with 5 divisions and 22 business units, and construct measures of managerial power and connections from profile data and a questionnaire carried out for unit CEOs. Our conglomerate seems to be exposed to the same kind of frictions in capital allocation and investment as documented in previous studies for other conglomerates. In the search for a potential channel behind such frictions, we test if cash windfalls at the headquarters are distributed inside the conglomerate according to managerial power or connections. In contrast to planned capital allocations, which are not affected by connections, we find that units with more powerful and better connected managers get substantially larger parts of the windfalls. Our estimates show powerful managers increasing their actual vs. planned investment between 10 and 32% more than their less powerful peers. These results are not explained by managers’ abilities or an endogenous allocation of managers across units. In support of bargaining power theories, our results provide direct empirical evidence of an important channel behind frictions in capital allocation inside firms.
Three essays on Swedish energy and climate policy options

This thesis contains three papers. Paper I: Demand for waste as fuel in the Swedish district heating sector: a production function approach. This paper evaluates inter-fuel substitution in the Swedish district heating industry by analyzing the district heating plants in Sweden in the period 1989 to 2003, specifically those plants incinerating waste. A multi-output plant-specific production function is estimated using panel data methods. A procedure for weighting the elasticities of factor demand to produce a single matrix for the whole industry is introduced. The price of waste is assumed to increase in response to the energy and CO$_2$ tax on waste-to-energy incineration that was introduced in Sweden on 1 July 2006. Analysis of the plants involved in waste incineration indicates that an increase in the net price of waste by 10% is likely to reduce the demand for waste by 4.2%, and increase the demand for bio-fuels, fossil fuels, other fuels and electricity by 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.0% and 6.0%, respectively. Paper II: Towards a dynamic Ecol-Econ CGE model with forest as biomass capital This study presents a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model that combines economic and ecological aspects of forest biomass. A framework is introduced for modeling the growth of a biomass stock which interacts with economic sectors. Harvest of and demand for forest products and forest amenities are determined endogenously in an inter-temporally consistent way. The idea is based on a Markovian growth model of the forest. The study demonstrates an approach for incorporating non-market values of forests, such as carbon sequestration, recreation and biodiversity, into a growth model. A simple simulation illustrates harvest behavior when the economy is subjected to shocks. Paper III: A dynamic CGE-model with heterogeneous forest biomass: Applications to climate policy. This study introduces a framework for modeling a renewable forest biomass stock interacting with economic sectors in a competitive economy. The equilibrium is formulated as a mixed complementary problem (which explicitly represents weak inequalities and complementarity among decision variables and equilibrium conditions). The complementarity format permits detailed modeling of the growth and harvest of a biomass stock together with a second-best characterization of the overall economy. First the complementarity features of economic equilibrium and its integration with an ecological representation of the biomass stock are provided. Then a stylized numerical example of a dynamic computable general equilibrium model is presented. Finally, illustrative applications of the model for gauging the likely effects of environmental subsidies and taxes intended to promote increases carbon storage in forest biomass are given, the results are discussed.
Near vertical iso- illite- crystallinity surfaces cross-cut the recumbent fold structure of the Morcles nappe, Swiss Alps

Abstract Metamorphic isograd surfaces are mapped within the Morcles nappe using illite crystallinity (IC) and (clay-) mineral parageneses in 268 samples. The diagenesis-anchizone and the anchizone-epizone boundaries are nearly vertical surfaces which crosscut the present-day recumbent fold nappe structure. Frontal parts of the nappe are diagenetic (Tmax <200°C) whereas rear parts both in the normal and inverted limb are epizonal (Tmax >300°C). We demonstrate that the calcite content of shales, marls or limestones has no influence on the average IC. Deviations of individual samples from the mean IC of any given diagenetic and lower anchizonal site are very large, however, without it being possible to associate deviations with any obvious rock parameter. The standard deviations of populations of IC values decrease strongly with increasing metamorphic grade (toward smaller IC values). Mapping the diagenesis-anchizone boundary requires a much larger sampling effort than the same exercise for the anchizone-epizone boundary.
Maternal Employment and Childhood Obesity in Spain

In this paper we explore to which extent the increase in childhood overweight and obesity are consequences of the participation of mothers in the labour market. We think that the increase in female labor force participation can explain, at least in part, the observed increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children. Since it is very difficult to establish causal effects between both variables, we intend to measure it indirectly by using discrete choice models. Our results confirm that maternal employment could be at the root of this personal and social problem, which in absence of specific measures from several fields could become epidemic in the next decades. Otherwise, individuals' quality of life could be threatened, and expenditure devoted to control or alleviate this health problem could put pressure on the sustainability of the National Health System in the future.
The Relationship between Effective Teachers and the Motivation Change of Elementary-School Boys and Girls.

AUTHOR Thibert, Gilles; Karsenti, Thierry P. TITLE The Relationship between Effective Teachers and the Motivation Change of Elementary-School Boys and Girls. PUB DATE 1998-04-00 NOTE 12p. ; Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Educational Research Association (San Diego, CA, April 13-17, 1998). PUB TYPE Reports Research (143) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Academic Achievement; Elementary Education; *Elementary School Students; *Elementary School Teachers; Foreign Countries; Performance Factors; *Student Motivation; Teacher Characteristics; Teacher Student Relationship IDENTIFIERS Canada
Proposed USACE EM 1110-2-1913 erosion analysis guidance

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is updating EM 1110-2-1913, Design, Construction and Evaluation of Levees, including new guidance on how to conduct erosion analysis. This paper presents the two erosion models considered: erosion rate as a function of shear stress and an empirical relationship relating wave overtopping flow rate to erosion rate. The paper also suggests the current state-of-the-practice regarding factors to be considered when selecting erosion model parameters. Erosion design will be conducted in a risk-informed framework, using potential failure modes analysis and when possible, probabilistic limit state analyses to assess design reliability. Required design reliability will be selected based on levels necessary to achieve various life-safety, economic and other unspecified objectives, as appropriate for each flood risk mitigation system.
NUMERICAL COMPARISON OF DRAG MODELS APPLIED TO SUBSEA GAS DISPERSION

Subsea gas releases can have catastrophic impacts on human life, offshore assets, and the environment. As a result of major accidents that occurred recently, government regulations and company policies enforce a formal assessment of risks related to subsea gas releases. The main objective of subsea gas dispersion modelling is to predict the properties such as plume width, gas volume fraction and mean velocities at the sea surface in order to provide input data for risk models quantifying the topside risk exposure on offshore installations. This requires a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of underwater releases of natural gas. This paper presents a comparison of different drag models applied for subsea gas dispersion modelling. ANSYS Fluent is used as the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling framework of the subsea gas plume hydrodynamics, while the changes of bubble’s density and size is included as an external user defined functions (UDFs) hooked to the Fluent’s main code structure. Four different drag models are compared, namely spherical drag law, modified spherical drag law, Xia’s drag law and Tomiyama’s drag law. The drag models are also incorporated into the main code structure as external UDFs. A combination of the two methods – Eulerian–Eulerian and Lagrangian – is used to model the bubbling behaviour of the subsea gas dispersion. The predicted results are validated against the experimental data presented by Engebretsen back in 1997. It is observed that the drag model in the CFD simulations seems to be a factor that could affect underwater plume physics. The predicted results show that the drag models including bubble shape show better agreement than the ones without including bubble shape in general.
The impact of supervisory justice and perceived Supervisor support on organizational citizenship behavior and commitment to supervisor: the mediating role of trust

Abstract This study examines the mediating role of supervisory trust between the relationship of supervisory justice & perceived supervisor support and organizational citizenship behavior & commitment to supervisor. Drawing on social exchange theory and justice theory, we hypothesize that supervisory justice and perceived supervisor support will significantly affect trust in supervisor which in turn enhances subordinate organizational citizenship behavior and commitment to supervisor. Data was collected from 350 employees of telecommunication sector of Pakistan through a self-administered survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was applied via LISERL to test the hypothesized model. The results revealed that supervisory justice (interpersonal, and informational justice) and perceived supervisor support are positively and significantly related to organizational citizenship behavior and commitment to supervisor except for supervisory procedural justice. Moreover, trust in supervisor partially mediates the relationship between supervisory justice (interpersonal, and informational justice) & perceived supervisor support and organizational citizenship behavior & commitment to supervisor. However, the mediation of supervisory trust was not supported for supervisory procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior & commitment to supervisor. Based on the results, theoretical, practical implications, and future research directions are discussed.
COMBUSTOR LINER TEMPERATURE PREDICTION: A PRELIMINARY TOOL DEVELOPMENT AND ITS APPLICATION ON EFFUSION COOLING SYSTEMS

A reliable thermal design of a combustion chamber is a vital task to improve actual capabilities and accomplish the desired compromise among the distinct exigencies arising from modern devices. This paper presents the development of a design tool for temperature evaluation in combustor liners, by means of engineering simplified models and empirical correlations, coupled with a well-proven flow solver. Specific steps are provided to correctly take into account heat loads on both liner sides, local heat sink effects of cooling holes, coolant and hot gas flow path with particular attention to air extraction from the annulus through primary, diluition and effusion holes and its mixing with flame and exhausts. Combined convective and radiative heat transfer, as well as conduction and cooling issues, are then treated in details to perform several numerical simulations of different effusion cooling systems, evidencing the possible performance improvements of such arrangements in terms of metal temperature and coolant mass flow rate savings. Achievements and design practice are being exploited within the European Project NEWAC (NEW Aeroengine Core Concepts) to address Avio-PERM (Partially Evaporating Rapid Mixing) single annular combustor design.
Bank Diversification and Overall Financial Strength: International Evidence

There are many studies in the finance and management literature that examine the impact of diversification on performance. Yet, the literature remains inconclusive as for the potential benefits in terms of risk and return. The present study aims to re‐examine this issue, while proposing a methodological framework that integrates various bank performance and risk indicators into a single measure of financial strength. Using an international sample of commercial banks, we find that diversification in terms of income, earning assets, and on‐ and off‐balance sheet activities influences positively their financial strength. We also find that income diversification can be more beneficial for banks operating in less developed countries compared to banks in advanced and major advanced economies. However, we observe the opposite in the case of diversification between off‐balance sheet and on‐balance sheet activities. Furthermore, the results reveal that income and earning assets diversification can mitigate the adverse effect of the financial crisis on bank financial strength. We continue to find a positive relationship between diversification and financial strength when we account for nesting effects, endogeneity, as well as when using an alternative approach for the construction of the financial strength indicator.