Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Trade Good for Your Health?

A detector for bremsstrahlung-isochromatic-spectroscopy (BIS) utilizing a gas-filled metal cylinder forming an outer electrode and a wire extending axially in the cylinder has an inner electrode. The window for the UV photons is constituted of MgF2 while the counting gas is a mixture of dimethylether and an inert gas and in which the pressure of the dimethylether is 0.2 to 0.5 mbar.
Tumour targeting using radiolabelled EGF conjugates : preclinical studies.

The overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptors, EGFR, in glioblastomas is well documented. Hence, the EGFR can be used as target structure for a specific targeting of glioblastomas. Both radiolabeled anti-EGFR antibodies and the natural ligand EGF are candidate agents for targeting. However, EGF, which has a rather low molecular weight (6 kDa), might have better tissue penetration properties through both normal tissue and tumors in comparison with anti-EGF antibodies and their fragments. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate in vitro an EGF-based antiglioma conjugate with residualizing label. Human recombinant EGF (hEGF) was coupled to isothiocyanate-benzyl-DTPA. The conjugate was purified from unreacted chelator using solid-phase extraction and labeled with (111)In. The labeling yield was 87% +/- 7%. The label was reasonably stable; the transchelation of (111)In to serum proteins was about 5% after incubation at 37 degrees C during 24 hours. The obtained [(111)In]benzyl-DTPA-hEGF conjugate was characterized in vitro using the EGFR expressing glioma cell line U343MGaCl2:6. The binding affinity, internalization, and retention of the conjugate were studied. The conjugate had receptor specific binding and the radioactivity was quickly internalized. The intracellular retention of radioactivity after interrupted incubation with conjugate was 71% +/- 1% and 59% +/- 1.5% at 24 and 45 hours, respectively. The dissociation constant was estimated to 2.0 nM. The results indicate that [(111)In]benzyl-DTPA-hEGF is a potential candidate for targeting glioblastoma cells, possibly using locoregional injection.
Reporting behaviours of nursing students who have experienced verbal abuse.

AIM This paper is a report of a study exploring the reporting behaviours of nursing students who had experienced verbal abuse while gaining clinical experience. BACKGROUND Under-reporting of incidents of verbal abuse has been identified internationally as a limitation leading to incomplete data collection when researching aggression in healthcare facilities. This can call into question conclusions, recommendations and policy initiatives based on the research. METHOD Questionnaires were distributed in 2005 to a convenience sample of 156 third year nursing students from one preregistration nursing programme in England. A total of 114 questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 73.0%. Fifty-one students (44.7%) reported verbal abuse and all of these gave details of the behaviours concerned. RESULTS Thirty-two students (62.7%) of those reporting verbal abuse) stated that they had reported the incident and 19 (37.3%) of respondents stated that they had not. Only four incidents resulted in formal documentation. The most frequent feelings reported by respondents were embarrassment and feeling sorry for the abuser. CONCLUSION Failure to document experiences of verbal abuse formally was prevalent and reporting practices were variable. Both higher education institutions and healthcare providers should consider establishing process for formal reporting and documenting of incidents of verbal abuse during nurse education, and students should have access to formal support services.
Cytomegalovirus colitis after autologous transplantation for multiple myeloma

Bone marrow or stem cell transplantation is an established therapy for haematological malignancies. We report a cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG +ve 56‐year‐old patient who underwent autologous rescue with CD34+ selected peripheral blood stem cells as part of consolidation therapy for multiple myeloma and subsequently developed CMV colitis. In contrast to infection secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), CMV colitis has not previously been described in this context. We discuss this case and issues arising from it related to the use of CD34+ selected stem cells for transplantation.
Antibacterial Activity of Commercial Dentine Bonding Systems against E. faecalis–Flow Cytometry Study

Literature presents inconsistent results on the antibacterial activity of dentine bonding systems (DBS). Antibacterial activity of adhesive systems depends on several factors, including composition and acidity. Flow cytometry is a novel detection method to measure multiple characteristics of a single cell: total cell number, structural (size, shape), and functional parameters (viability, cell cycle). The LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ bacterial viability assay was used to evaluate an antibacterial activity of DBS by assessing physical membrane disruption of bacteria mediated by DBS. Ten commercial DBSs: four total-etching (TE), four self-etching (SE) and two selective enamel etching (SEE) were tested. Both total-etching DBS ExciTE F and OptiBond Solo Plus showed comparatively low antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. The lowest activity of all tested TE systems showed Te-Econom Bond. Among SE DBS, G-ænial Bond (92.24% dead cells) followed by Clearfil S3 Bond Plus (88.02%) and Panavia F 2.0 ED Primer II (86.67%) showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, which was comparable to isopropranol (positive control). In the present study, self-etching DBS exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than tested total-etching adhesives against E. faecalis.
Donor Killer Cell Ig-like Receptor B Haplotypes, Recipient HLA-C1, and HLA-C Mismatch Enhance the Clinical Benefit of Unrelated Transplantation for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) interact with HLA class I ligands to regulate NK cell development and function. These interactions affect the outcome of unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We have shown previously that donors with KIR B versus KIR A haplotypes improve the clinical outcome for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia by reducing the incidence of leukemic relapse and improving leukemia-free survival (LFS). Both centromeric and telomeric KIR B genes contribute to the effect, but the centromeric genes are dominant. They include the genes encoding inhibitory KIRs that are specific for the C1 and C2 epitopes of HLA-C. We used an expanded cohort of 1532 T cell–replete transplants to examine the interaction between donor KIR B genes and recipient class I HLA KIR ligands. The relapse protection associated with donor KIR B is enhanced in recipients who have one or two C1-bearing HLA-C allotypes, compared with C2 homozygous recipients, with no effect due to donor HLA. The protective interaction between donors with two or more, versus none or one, KIR B motifs and recipient C1 was specific to transplants with class I mismatch at HLA-C (RR of leukemia-free survival, 0.57 [0.40–0.79]; p = 0.001) irrespective of the KIR ligand mismatch status of the transplant. The survival advantage and relapse protection in C1/x recipients compared with C2/C2 recipients was similar irrespective of the particular donor KIR B genes. Understanding the interactions between donor KIR and recipient HLA class I can be used to inform donor selection to improve outcome of unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia.
Spoligotyping and Polymorphic GC-Rich Repetitive Sequence Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosisStrains Having Few Copies of IS6110

ABSTRACT Several genetic loci have been utilized to genotype isolates ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. A shortcoming of the most commonly used method, IS6110 fingerprinting, is that it does not adequately discriminate between isolates having few copies of IS6110. This study was undertaken to compare pTBN12 fingerprinting of polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequence genes and spoligotyping of the direct repeat locus as secondary typing procedures for M. tuberculosis isolates having fewer than six copies of IS6110. A total of 88 isolates (100% of the isolates with fewer than six copies of IS6110 isolated in Arkansas during 1996 and 1997) were included in this study. Among the 88 isolates, 34 different IS6110 patterns were observed, 10 of which were shared by more than 1 isolate, involving a total of 64 isolates. The 64 isolates were subdivided into 13 clusters (containing 37 isolates) and 27 unique isolates based on a combination of IS6110 and pTBN12 fingerprinting and into 11 clusters (containing 51 isolates) and 13 unique isolates based on a combination of IS6110 fingerprinting and spoligotyping. Identical spoligotypes were found among isolates having different IS6110 patterns, as well as among isolates showing different pTBN12 patterns. In contrast, all isolates that had different IS6110 patterns were found to be unique by pTBN12 typing. The clustering rate was 73, 58, and 42%, respectively, for IS6110 fingerprinting alone, IS6110fingerprinting and spoligotyping combined, and IS6110 and pTBN12 combined fingerprinting. The data indicate that the pTBN12 method has greater discriminating power among low-copy-number isolates than does spoligotyping.
Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child health and human development neonatal research network, January 1995 through December 1996. NICHD Neonatal Research Network.

OBJECTIVES To determine the mortality and morbidity for infants weighing 401 to 1500 g (very low birth weight [VLBW]) at birth by gestational age, birth weight, and gender. STUDY DESIGN Perinatal data were collected prospectively on an inborn cohort from January 1995 through December 1996 by 14 participating centers of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network and were compared with the corresponding data from previous reports. Sociodemographic factors, perinatal events, and the neonatal course to 120 days of life, discharge, or death were evaluated. RESULTS Eighty four percent of 4438 infants weighing 501 to 1500 g at birth survived until discharge to home or to a long-term care facility (compared with 80% in 1991 and 74% in 1988). Survival to discharge was 54% for infants 501 to 750 g at birth, 86% for those 751 to 1000 g, 94% for those 1001 to 1250 g, and 97% for those 1251 to 1500g. The incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD; defined as receiving supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age; 23%), proven necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC; 7%), and severe intracranial hemorrhage (ICH; grade III or IV; 11%) remained unchanged between 1991 and 1996. Furthermore, 97% of all VLBW infants and 99% of infants weighing <1000 g at birth had weights less than the 10th percentile at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. Mortality for 195 infants weighing 401 to 500 g was 89%, with nearly all survivors developing CLD. Mortality in infants weighing 501 to 600 g was 71%; among survivors, 62% had CLD, 35% had severe ICH, and 15% had proven NEC. CONCLUSIONS Survival for infants between 501 and 1500 g at birth continued to improve, particularly for infants weighing <1000 g at birth. This improvement in survival was not associated with an increase in major morbidities, because the incidence of CLD, proven NEC, and severe ICH did not change. However, poor postnatal growth remains a major concern, occurring in 99% of infants weighing <1000 g at birth. Mortality and major morbidity (CLD, severe ICH, and NEC) remain high for the smallest infants, particularly those weighing <600 g at birth.
Ion Pairing of Magnesium Sulfate in Seawater: Determined by Ultrasonic Absorption

Data from ultrasonic absorption in synthetic and natural seawater can be used to calculate pairing of magnesium and sulfate ions in seawater. Calculation under the assumption that data from ion pairing in single salt solution can be applied to seawater solution results in a value of 9.2 percent for the amount of magnesium paired with sulfate and 17.5 percent for sulfate paired with magnesium.
Chest radiograph abnormalities associated with tuberculosis: reproducibility and yield of active cases.

SETTING Tertiary care referral centre specialising in respiratory diseases. OBJECTIVES Chest radiography is a major screening and diagnostic tool for tuberculosis (TB). We evaluated the reproducibility of a radiographic classification system for screening for active TB of immigration applicants to Canada. We also evaluated the validity of this classification system for detection of prevalent active TB among the screened applicants, as well as tuberculin-positive close contacts and symptomatic patients. METHODS Reproducibility was assessed by re-reading a randomly selected 10% sample of screening chest films. Validity was estimated from the final clinical and microbiologic diagnosis of patients undergoing detailed clinical evaluation. RESULTS Inter-reader agreement using five broad categories was moderate (kappas of 0.44-0.56), while intra-reader agreement was substantial (kappas of 0.59-0.72). After adjustment for age and patient group, the adjusted odds of active tuberculosis, relative to normal or minor findings or granulomas, for fibronodular changes was 10.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2-33), for mass or pleural effusion it was 11.6 (95%CI 3.6-37), and for parenchymal infiltrate it was 46.1 (95%CI 18-117). Among tuberculin-positive close contacts, the probability of active tuberculosis was more than 50% if the radiographs showed any mass, pleural disease, or parenchymal infiltrates. CONCLUSION A simple classification of TB-related chest radiographic abnormalities into five broad categories had moderate to substantial reproducibility of readings, with reasonable validity.
Mind Over Matter, The Development of The Mental Toughness Scale (MTS)

Mental Toughness (MT), which refers to an inner focus and commitment to rise above challenges when facing adversity, is viewed as one of the most important psychological attributes in determining success in sport. However, there is little consensus on key components of MT, and existing measures vary greatly while focusing on elite athletes. The purpose of this research was to develop a measure of MT for use with college athletes. Collegiate and noncollegiate athletes (N = 271) completed the original 54-item Mental Toughness Scale (MTS) in study 1. Factor analysis (PCA) results reduced the scale to an 11-item scale, with good reliability and validity as demonstrated by its positive correlations with self-esteem and flow. A second study of college basketball players (N = 143) was conducted to establish the psychometric properties of the MTS. Study 2 demonstrated convergent, divergent and criterion validity through correlations with related measures, and a CFA provided moderate support for the MTS as a one-dimensional measure of mental toughness in sport.
Design of a wide-band L-probe patch antenna for pattern reconfiguration or diversity applications

By supporting an L-probe coupled circular patch antenna with four metallic posts at appropriate locations, it is demonstrated that the conical and the broadside modes which are excited separately by two different sets of L-shaped probes, can be operated at the same frequency range. For a tested antenna operated at 1.85 GHz, the bandwidth (SWR<2) achieved is 24%, and the isolation between the two input ports is 28 dB. The gains of the conical and broadside modes are 4 and 8.5 dBi, respectively. With suitable switching feed networks, the antenna can be reconfigurable in radiation pattern. The antenna can also be used as a pattern diversity antenna for modern mobile communications.
Weekend holidays during methylphenidate use in ADHD children: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether weekend drug holidays during methylphenidate (MPH) administration would change the efficacy and tolerability to the medication in male children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). METHODS In a 28-day, double-blind study, children with diagnoses of ADHD were randomized to receive BID MPH for 7 days a week (n = 21) or to receive BID MPH on weekdays and a placebo on weekends (n = 19). Parents completed the Conners' Abbreviated Rating Scale (ABRS) to assess ADHD symptoms and the Barkley's Side Effect Rating Scale (SERS) to assess side effects on weekends. Teachers completed the ABRS on each Monday after weekends. RESULTS Both groups showed a significant reduction on the ABRS over time as the dose was increased. However, the group difference in the ABRS scores was not statistically significant, either on weekend parent ratings (at the endpoint, p = 0.41; effect size = 0.26) or on teachers' ratings (at the endpoint, p = 0.99; effect size = 0.002). The omission of MPH on weekends was associated with significantly less severity of insomnia (F = 3.96, d.f. = 1, p = 0.05) and a trend for less interference on appetite (F = 3.18, d. f. = 1, p = 0.08). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that weekend holidays during MPH administration reduce the side effects of insomnia and appetite suppression without a significant increase in symptoms, either on weekends or in the first school day after them. Possible explanations for these findings (rate-dependent response or impact of demands of the environment) are discussed in this paper.
Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus among patients of hypothyroidism in a tertiary care center

Context: Hypothyroidism is a common public health problem in India. With iodine sufficiency, autoimmune thyroiditis is becoming the most important etiology of hypothyroidism. Often, thyroiditis is associated with other systemic autoimmune diseases. Aims: We undertook thisobservational study to find the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) amongst the hypothyroid patients at our Institution. Settings and Design: This is probably the first study of its kind from India. Materials and Methods: 185 patients with diagnosed hypothyroidism were included and screening for SLE was done by standard epidemiological criteria. Majority of the patients (63.8%) were young adults (20-40 years). Statistical Analysis Used: Two by two contingency tables were analyzed by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test as needed. Logistic regression model was used considering the presence of SLE as a dependent variable. Results: Eleven (5.94%) patients were found to have SLE. However, anti nuclear factor was positive in 145 cases (78.4%). Of the patients with SLE, 8 (72.7%) were found to be anti TPO positive, but the titers of ANF and anti TPO did not correlate. Presence of discoid rash, haematological criteria and presence of antibodies like anti-dsDNA were significantly correlated with the presence of SLE in hypothyroid patients. Presence of ANF was also correlated with the grade of goiter (r=0.62; P<0.05). Also four patients with SLE had a positive family history (OR=9.37). Logistic regression model showed anti-TPO has OR=1.54 (P=0.02) for the development of SLE. Conclusions: Prevalence of SLE in hypothyroid patients is high compared to the general population, especially, as thyroiditis is very common in SLE.
FASTER HISTOCHEMICAL REACTION FOR ATPASE IN PRESENCE OF CHLORIDE SALTS, WITH STUDIES OF THE MECHANISM OF PRECIPITATION

A very rapid localization of nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase activity is given by incubation mixtures containing 2 M chlorides of monovalent cations. An optimal procedure is to fix overnight in cold formaldehyde-calcium, store in gum-sucrose, freeze-section and incubate 4 min or less at 30°C in a solution of 3 mM Na2 adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 2 M KCl, 3 mM MgCl2, and 1 mM Pb(NO3)2 in 24 mM Tris buffer adjusted to pH 7.2 with HCl. In rat intestine, for example, a strong, selective stain was developed in myenteric plexus, blood vessels, lamina propria mucosae and smooth muscle, while paired preparations without 2 M KCl were pale or unstained. The reaction was specific to nucleoside triphosphates and required Mg++. Acceleration by 2 M chloride was also found in the adenosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase reaction given by a single protein fraction (thin disc) in acrylamide gel electropherograms. The histochemical reaction for ATP phosphohydrolase produced residues of lead in formaldehyde-fixed sections, with two-thirds of lead captured as a precipitate of products of enzyme reaction and one-third bound directly to tissue. Only the enzyme-generated precipitate gave an anatomically and chemically selective and time-dependent pattern of staining, while direct binding gave a diffuse and time-independent background stain enhanced by omitting the substrate. Less than 1% of precipitate originated from nonenzymatic breakdown of ATP. Conditions of precipitation were studied. Reaction products were captured by lead as mixed crystals of nucleotides and phosphate. Addition of chloride salts decreased the concentration of lead required to saturate the reaction mixture, and this effect probably accounted for the enhanced histochemical reaction.
Perfusion Index in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants During Their First 2 Weeks of Life

Background: Our program of research focuses on thermal and circulatory stability in extremely premature infants. In prior studies, we found that infants have long periods of time in which foot temperature (FT) is higher than central temperature. We thus wanted to determine whether blood flow in the foot is increased when FT is elevated. Perfusion index (PI) can be used as a clinical indicator of peripheral perfusion, but reports on use of PI in premature infants are lacking. We employed exploratory methodology to examine foot perfusion and temperature in very low birth weight infants. Aims: For premature infants after birth: (1) describe foot PI values for the first 2 weeks of life and (2) describe the relationship of longitudinal FT and PI. Study Design: Case study design with longitudinal FT and PI in 17 infants born at <29 weeks’ gestation with birth weight < 1,200 g for 2 weeks after birth. Results: Infants averaged 851 g at birth and were 24–29 weeks’ gestational age. The mean PI across all infants for 14 days was 1.04, SD = 0.79. Using a repeated measures multilevel model approach confirmed that FT and PI were positively related in these infants. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that perfusion is increased in the periphery in extremely premature infants when FT is increased. PI measures can be used as a trend for peripheral perfusion, and these values increase over the first 2 weeks of life in infants weighing more than 750 g.
An Evaluation of the Snack Tax on the Obesity Rate of Maine

3 CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION. 4 RESEARCH PURPOSE. 4 CHAPTER SUMMARIES . 5 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW. 7 PURPOSE . 7 Obesity Epidemic . 7 Measuring Overweight and Obesity. 7 Prevalence of Obesity . 7 Mortality Associated with Overweight and Obesity . 9 Morbidity Associated with Overweight and Obesity . 11 Economic Impact . 12 ADDRESSING OBESITY . 12 Weight Loss and Gain. 13 The Role of the Environment . 15 FOOD PRICING POLICY AS A STRATEGY TO REDUCE OBESITY . 17 Elasticity of Demand and Snack Foods . 17 Consumer Behavior . 18 Price Reductions . 18 Price Increases. 20 A Look at Cigarette Taxes . 22 FOODS TARGETED FOR SNACK TAXES . 23 Snack Foods . 23 Soft Drinks. 24 Fruits and Vegetables . 26 PRELIMINARY CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. 28 Table 2.3 – Hypothesis and Supporting Literature.28 CHAPTER THREE SETTING . 29 PURPOSE . 29 OBESITY IN MAINE . 29 MAINE’S SNACK TAX . 31 CHAPTER FOUR METHODOLOGY. 34 DATA COLLECTION AND SOURCE . 35 DESIGN . 35 STATISTICS. 36 CHAPTER FIVE RESULTS. 37 PURPOSE . 37 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS . 37 REGRESSION ANALYSIS. 38 CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSION . 40 LIMITATIONS . 41 SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH . 41 SUGGESTIONS FOR POLICY MAKERS . 41 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 43