Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Literacy and Script Reform in Occupation Japan

their babies. We are left with a strong sense of the contradictory nature of these people's actions. All in all, this is a significant work on a set of important issues: gender, nationalism, and Japan. It is a must read for graduate students and anthropologists working on nationalism in other areas of the world who want to understand counterpart issues in Japan. This book represents an innovative way to do research on a particularly complex issue. A major contribution of this work is that it helps us to understand the historical background of "post-postwar" nationalism. These issues will continue to be of central importance to the fields of anthropology, comparative politics, history, sociology, and gender studies. I look forward to reading future work from Tamanoi that fleshes out her argument for the contemporary period.
Personality disorders among subjects recovered from eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE Personality disorders are common in symptomatic eating disorders subjects. Because personality symptoms could be exaggerated by malnutrition or Axis I disorders, we studied women who had recovered from eating disorders for at least 1 year to see if personality disorder symptoms persisted in the well state. METHOD Personality disorders were evaluated in 10 women recovered from anorexia nervosa (AN), 28 women recovered from bulimia nervosa (BN), and 16 women recovered from AN and BN, using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R personality disorders. RESULTS Fourteen of 54 subjects (26%) met the criteria for at least one personality disorder, such as self-defeating, obsessive-compulsive, or borderline personality disorder. Cluster B personality disorders were closely associated with bulimic subtypes. CONCLUSIONS While a recovery from eating disorders may have an attenuating influence on the symptoms of personality disorders, such personality disorder diagnoses persist after recovery in some recovered subjects.
Pitfalls in designing trials of functional dyspepsia: the ascent and demise of itopride

is associated with Barrett esophagus and cardiac mucosal metaplasia. Dig Dis Sci 2006;51:1589–94. 20. Checchi S, Montanaro A, Pasqui L, et al. Serum ghrelin as a marker of atrophic body gastritis in patients with parietal cell antibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:4346–51. 21. Cindoruk M, Yetkin I, Deger SM, et al. Influence of H. pylori on plasma ghrelin in patients without atrophic gastritis. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13:1595–8. 22. Isomoto H, Ueno H, Saenko VA, et al. Impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric and plasma ghrelin dynamics in humans. Am J Gastroenterol 2005:1711–20. 23. Owasa H, Nakazato M, Date Y, et al. Impaired production of gastric ghrelin in chronic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:10–6. 24. De Martel C, Haggerty TD, Corley DA, et al. Serum ghrelin levels and risk of subsequent adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1166–72. 25. Broutet N, Plebani M, Sakarovitch C, Sipponen P, Megraud F and the Eruohepygast Study Group. Pepsinogen A, pepsinogen C and gastrin as markers of atrophic chronic gastritis in European dyspeptics. Br J Cancer 2003;88:1239–1247. 26. Genta RM, Huberman RM, Graham DY. The gastric cardia in Helicobacter pylori infection. Hum Pathol 1994;25:915–919.
A review of selected techniques in inverse problem nonparametric probability distribution estimation

Techniques for the nonparametric estimation of probability distributions are reviewed. Methods are divided into two categories for estimation problems: those applied to situations in which individual data is available, and those where only aggregate data is available. For each technique, the general ideas, strengths, and weaknesses of the corresponding methodology are discussed. In addition, the generation of estimates of not only the parameter distributions but also any structural parameters that are constant across the population is outlined. When discussing various techniques, particular consideration is given to the theory behind finite dimensional approximations (since the space of measures on a viable parameter space Θ is an infinite dimensional space) in the development of computational methodologies. Additional issues, such as consistency of the estimation procedure, are considered when appropriate. Various sample problems on which the methods can be applied are referenced throughout the review.
Real-Time Independent Vector Analysis for Convolutive Blind Source Separation

Utilizing dependence over frequencies has shown significant excellence in tackling the frequency-domain blind source separation (BSS), which is also referred to as independent vector analysis (IVA). The IVA method then runs in offline batch processing, which is not well applicable to real-time systems. This paper proposes real-time BSS methods corresponding to that model. First, we derive online algorithms under some assumptions. Then, in order to improve the performance and convergence properties, a modified gradient with nonholonomic constraint and a gradient normalization method are proposed. The convergence speed is improved by the gradient normalization. The gradient with nonholonomic constraint shows better performances, although it has less computational complexity. In addition, the proposed method has a simpler structure than any other existing methods and runs in fully online mode. Thus, it requires sufficiently less computations and memories. Based on these benefits, the algorithm is implemented in a real-time embedded system. The experimental results confirm effectiveness of the proposed method with both simulated data and real recordings.
Rapid and Long-Term Immunity Elicited by DNA-Encoded Antibody Prophylaxis and DNA Vaccination Against Chikungunya Virus

Abstract Background. Vaccination and passive antibody therapies are critical for controlling infectious diseases. Passive antibody administration has limitations, including the necessity for purification and multiple injections for efficacy. Vaccination is associated with a lag phase before generation of immunity. Novel approaches reported here utilize the benefits of both methods for the rapid generation of effective immunity. Methods. A novel antibody-based prophylaxis/therapy entailing the electroporation-mediated delivery of synthetic DNA plasmids encoding biologically active anti–chikungunya virus (CHIKV) envelope monoclonal antibody (dMAb) was designed and evaluated for antiviral efficacy, as well as for the ability to overcome shortcomings inherent with conventional active vaccination and passive immunotherapy. Results. One intramuscular injection of dMAb produced antibodies in vivo more rapidly than active vaccination with an anti-CHIKV DNA vaccine. This dMAb neutralized diverse CHIKV clinical isolates and protected mice from viral challenge. Combination of dMAb and the CHIKV DNA vaccine afforded rapid and long-lived protection. Conclusions. A DNA-based dMAb strategy induced rapid protection against an emerging viral infection. This method can be combined with DNA vaccination as a novel strategy to provide both short- and long-term protection against this emerging infectious disease. These studies have implications for pathogen treatment and control strategies.
STREPTOMYCIN-INDUCED OVERSUPPRESSION IN E. COLI.

Any model for the action of extracistronic suppressors'-3 that involves the mistaken reading of a codon appearing often in the genome, predicts that if the efficiency of suppression is high, the suppressor would be lethal. We have found strains in which this "oversuppression" can be brought about by an external agent, streptomycin (Sm). This Sm-induced oversuppression appears to be the combined result of two suppressors of the same defect. These strains result from a second suppressor mutation in a Sm-suppressible (conditional Sm-dependent, CSD) parent. The CSD strains require either a growth factor or Sm for growth and have been demonstrated4 to contain a competent Smr mutation and a defect in a structural gene, whose suppression is Sm-dependent. In vitro experiments5 have provided support for the suggestion that Sm acts in the CSD strains to cause specific mistakes in the genetic code. We shall describe here the strains that contain the two suppressor functions, and show that in the presence of Sm their combined effect, although increasing the level of the suppressible defective enzyme, decreases the levels of other enzymes in the cell and inhibits growth. We propose to call this phenomenon "oversuppression. " Isolation and Characterization of the Mutants.B4S-7SD is a CSD-arginine mutant containing a suppressible defect in the ornithine transcarbamylase structural gene (OTCsD) and a streptomycin-activated suppressor.4 Spontaneous revertants to arg+ were isolated (frequency 10-7) from a histidine-requiring derivative of this strain by spreading the cells (about 108 cells/plate) on solid minimal medium A6 + his + glucose. It was expected that the revertants would be Smr like the original Smr parent of these strains. However, 4 out of 38, when tested with the standard concentration of Sm (500 jig/ml) appeared sensitive. One of these mutants is B4S-71. The sensitivity of these mutants is different from the wild-type sensitivity. In minimal medium + histidine, 75 per cent of a growing culture of B4S-71 survives a one-hr exposure to 500 ,g/ml Sm at 37°. In rich medium the survival is 10 per cent, whereas that of the standard Sms strain is less than 0. 001 per cent in both media. B4S-71 is slow-growing in minimal medium + histidine as compared with the original prototrophic parent, B4S-7 (OTC+ Smr) (Table 1). Addition of arginine to the medium restores wild-type growth rate. When small amounts of Sm are added, the growth rate decreases sharply. The upper limit of Sm concentration permitting a measurable growth depends on the composition of the medium: in minimal medium, with or without arginine, this limit is 12 Ag/ml; in enriched medium, 50 ,4g/ml (Table 1). Mutants of B4S-71 resistant to high levels of Sm were isolated (approximate frequency 10-6) by spreading the cells on solid enriched medium + Sm (500 jig/ml). All 358 mutants examined were CSD mutants indistinguishable from the original B4S-7SD his-. This suggests that the revertant phenotype had been the result of a suppressor mutation affecting both the OTCSD and Smr characteristics.
Gene order and chromosome dynamics coordinate spatiotemporal gene expression during the bacterial growth cycle

In Escherichia coli crosstalk between DNA supercoiling, nucleoid-associated proteins and major RNA polymerase σ initiation factors regulates growth phase-dependent gene transcription. We show that the highly conserved spatial ordering of relevant genes along the chromosomal replichores largely corresponds both to their temporal expression patterns during growth and to an inferred gradient of DNA superhelical density from the origin to the terminus. Genes implicated in similar functions are related mainly in trans across the chromosomal replichores, whereas DNA-binding transcriptional regulators interact predominantly with targets in cis along the replichores. We also demonstrate that macrodomains (the individual structural partitions of the chromosome) are regulated differently. We infer that spatial and temporal variation of DNA superhelicity during the growth cycle coordinates oxygen and nutrient availability with global chromosome structure, thus providing a mechanistic insight into how the organization of a complete bacterial chromosome encodes a spatiotemporal program integrating DNA replication and global gene expression.
Alexithymia and attachment insecurities in impulsive aggression

The aims of this study were to develop a new measure of impulsive aggressiveness, and to assess whether this measure was associated with deficits in mentalized affectivity and adult attachment styles in a sample of 637 non-clinical participants. Extending Fonagy and Bateman's (2004) hypothesis, the mediating role of poor affectivity mentalization in the relationship between insecure attachment styles and impulsive aggression was also evaluated. Selected insecure attachment styles (R 2 adjusted = .18, p < .001) and deficits in mentalized affectivity (R 2 adjusted = .25, p < .001) were significantly associated with impulsive aggressiveness. The overall regression model accounted for roughly 33% of the variance in impulsive aggressiveness. Mentalization deficits significantly mediated the effects of attachment styles on impulsive aggressiveness, although effect size measures suggested that only partial mediation occurred.
Band dispersions of the pi -bonded-chain reconstruction of Si(111)3 x 1-Li: A critical evaluation of theory and experiment.

The surface-state band-structure of the three-domain Si(111)3{times}1-Li reconstruction has been determined using angle-resolved photoemission. Experimental band dispersions are compared to theoretical calculations for the extended Pandey model and the Seiwatz model. Even though the extended Pandey model is favored on the basis of scanning tunneling microscopy and total-energy considerations, the calculated surface states are inconsistent with experiment. The calculated states for the Seiwatz model are consistent with the experimental dispersion along the main symmetry direction ({bar {Gamma}}{bar A}) but serious discrepancies exist in other parts of the Brillouin zone. The disparity between the density-functional-theory calculations and experiment indicate that exchange and correlation in {pi}-bonded Si chains may need to be analyzed beyond the mean-field band-structure approach. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
Improved fluorescence assays to measure the defects associated with F508del‐CFTR allow identification of new active compounds

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a debilitating disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which codes for a Clˉ/HCO3ˉ channel. F508del, the most common CF‐associated mutation, causes both gating and biogenesis defects in the CFTR protein. This paper describes the optimization of two fluorescence assays, capable of measuring CFTR function and cellular localization, and their use in a pilot drug screen.
Diet and ranging behavior of the endangered Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in a submontane tropical rainforest

Altitude influences forest structure and food abundance and distribution, which in turn affect primate feeding and ranging patterns. Javan gibbons (Hylobates moloch) are endemic to forests spanning a broad range of altitudes on Java, Indonesia. Most information about Javan gibbon behavior comes from studies in lowland forests, while the vast majority of wild gibbons remaining inhabit hill and lower montane forests. We studied the diets, activity patterns, and ranging behavior of three gibbon groups in hill/lower montane (950–1,100 m asl) forest in the Gunung Halimun‐Salak National Park (GHSNP) from April 2008 to March 2009. The mean home range size was 37 ha and the mean daily path length was 1,180 m. The study groups spent 36% of time feeding, 41% resting, 15% traveling, 6% engaging in social behavior, and 2% in aggressive interactions. Fruit was the most important food (63% of feeding time) followed by leaves (24%), and flowers (12%). Our results suggest that Javan gibbons in higher elevation habitats have substantially larger home ranges than lowland populations, despite broad similarity in their activity budgets and diets. Conservation managers should consider the effects of altitude and habitat quality on gibbon ranging behavior when developing habitat corridors, selecting sites for translocation or reintroduction projects, and designating and managing protected areas. Am. J. Primatol. 73:270–280, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of microRNAs in hematopoietic stem cell and leukemic stem cell function

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are defined by their ability to self-renew and reconstitute all elements of the hematopoietic system. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is thought to arise from, and be maintained by, leukemic stem cells (LSCs), which exhibit similar features to HSCs, including the abilities to self-renew and differentiate into non-self-renewing cells. Acquisition of stem-cell-like characteristics by the LSCs is likely mediated in part by molecular mechanisms that normally regulate HSC function. Thus, understanding the shared and unique aspects of the molecular regulation of these cell populations will be important to understanding the relationship between normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that act at the posttranscriptional level to regulate protein expression. Unfortunately, most investigations of the role of miRNAs in normal hematopoiesis have been restricted to studies of their effects on lineage commitment in progenitors and mature effector cell function, but not on HSCs. Recent studies have identified miRNAs that enhance HSC function, and an abundance of profiling studies using primary AML samples have identified dysregulated miRNAs that may target genes implicated in self-renewal (HOX genes, P53, and PTEN), thus providing a potential link between normal and malignant stem cells. While these studies as well as recent in vivo models of miRNA-induced leukemogenesis (e.g. miR-29a, miR-125b) suggest a role for miRNAs in the development of AML, future studies using serial transplantation of primary AML blasts, from both mouse models and primary human AML specimens, will be necessary to assess the roles of miRNAs in LSC biology.
Perivalvular abscesses associated with endocarditis; clinical features and prognostic factors of overall survival in a series of 233 cases. Perivalvular Abscesses French Multicentre Study.

AIMS The purposes of this study were to determine the clinical features and to identify prognostic factors of abscesses associated with infective endocarditis. METHODS AND RESULTS During a 5-year period from January 1989, 233 patients with perivalvular abscesses associated with infective endocarditis were enrolled in a retrospective multicentre study. Of the patients, 213 received medical surgical therapy and 20 medical therapy alone. No causative microorganism could be identified in 31% of cases. Sensitivity for the detection of abscesses was 36 and 80%, respectively using transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. Surgical treatment consisted of primary suture of the abscess (38%), insertion of a felt aortic or mitral ring using Teflon or pericardium (42%), or debridment of the abscess cavity (20%). The 1 month operative mortality was 16%. Actuarial rates for overall survival at 3 and 27 months in operated patients were 75 +/- 10% and 59 +/- 11%, respectively. Increasing patient age, staphylococcal infection, and fistulization of the abscess were found to be independent risk factors in both 1 month and overall operative mortality. Renal failure was a risk factor predictive of operative mortality at 1 month, whereas uncontrolled infection and circumferential abscess were regarded as risk factors predictive of overall operative mortality. CONCLUSION The data determined prognostic factors of abscesses associated with infective endocarditis.
Differentiated Brain Activity in Response to Faces of “Own” Versus “Unfamiliar” Babies in Primipara Mothers: An Electrophysiological Study

Experiences with one's own infant attune the parent nervous system to infant stimuli. To explore the effects of motherhood on brain activity patterns, electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while primipara mothers of 3- and 6-month-olds viewed images of faces of their own child and an unfamiliar but appearance-matched child. Mothers of 3- and 6-month-olds showed equivalent early-wave (N/P1 “visual” and N170 “face-sensitive”) responses to own and unfamiliar baby faces but differentiating late-wave (N/P600 “familiar/ novel”) activity to own versus unfamiliar infant faces. Based on 3 months experience with their own infant's face, mothers' brain patterns give evidence of distinctive late-wave (recognition) sensitivity.
Nasal Analysis and Anatomy: Anthropometric Proportional Assessment in Asians—Aesthetic Balance from Forehead to Chin, Part I

Abstract Asian rhinoplasty patients can be analyzed by the nose's component structures and their relationship to one another. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying anatomical structure including bone, cartilage, and soft tissue contributes to better preoperative planning. To achieve an optimal postoperative result, a thorough preoperative analysis utilizing standardized measurements is essential. Knowledge of the Asian nose facilitates the use of an algorithmic approach to Asian rhinoplasty that increases surgical predictability.
Alpha- and beta-forms of gutta-percha in products for root canal filling.

AIM This study was undertaken to evaluate which materials were in the alpha-form of gutta-percha as claimed, and which were in the more conventional beta-form, and to explore the effect of heating on the materials. METHODOLOGY Samples of gutta-percha without chemical additives, and dental gutta-percha formulations which included (i) two products previously studied; (ii) 12 newer products; and (iii) one newer product that had been stored at high temperature, were analysed by simultaneous differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. RESULTS It was found that only four of the newer materials contained the alpha-form; all the rest comprised beta-gutta-percha. No weight loss was found for any material under the conditions of the present experiments. A typical heating cycle up to 130 degrees C caused changes in material behaviour - that is, on reheating fewer endothermic peaks were present. Storage of gutta-percha samples for 10 years under ambient temperature and storage in a heater at 80 degrees C appeared to have no effect on properties. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that heating dental gutta-percha to 130 degrees C causes physical changes; this was not seen with chemically pure gutta-percha. The presence of additives in the dental samples altered material behaviour.
Generative Adversarial Network based Synthesis for Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

Modern deep learning methods achieve state-ofthe-art results in many computer vision tasks. While these methods perform well when trained on large datasets, deep learning methods suffer from overfitting and lack of generalization given smaller datasets. Especially in medical image analysis, acquisition of both imaging data and corresponding ground-truth annotations (e.g. pixel-wise segmentation masks) as required for supervised tasks, is time consuming and costly, since experts are needed to manually annotate data. In this work we study this problem by proposing a new variant of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), which, in addition to synthesized medical images, also generates segmentation masks for the use in supervised medical image analysis applications. We evaluate our approach on a lung segmentation task involving thorax X-ray images, and show that GANs have the potential to be used for synthesizing training data in this specific application.