Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Norwegian hydrometeor precipitation rate maps derived from long term measurements

Climate information on hydrometeor precipitation is of vital importance for correct radio system dimensioning and effective utilisation of radio spectrum. This paper presents recent work in deriving new rainfall rate maps for Norway. Long term measured data from a large number of tipping bucket stations have been analysed and new high resolution maps created. The results also reveal a significant deviation from available rain rate maps provided by the ITU-R where the latter over predicts the rainfall rate exceeded at 0.01% of an average year by up to 100 % at the western coastal area.
A generalization of the simulation theorem for semidirect products

We generalize a result of Hochman in two simultaneous directions: instead of realizing an arbitrary effectively closed $\mathbb{Z}^{d}$ action as a factor of a subaction of a $\mathbb{Z}^{d+2}$ -SFT we realize an action of a finitely generated group analogously in any semidirect product of the group with $\mathbb{Z}^{2}$ . Let $H$ be a finitely generated group and $G=\mathbb{Z}^{2}\rtimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}}H$ a semidirect product. We show that for any effectively closed $H$ -dynamical system $(Y,T)$ where $Y\subset \{0,1\}^{\mathbb{N}}$ , there exists a $G$ -subshift of finite type $(X,\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E})$ such that the $H$ -subaction of $(X,\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E})$ is an extension of $(Y,T)$ . In the case where $T$ is an expansive action, a subshift conjugated to $(Y,T)$ can be obtained as the $H$ -projective subdynamics of a sofic $G$ -subshift. As a corollary, we obtain that $G$ admits a non-empty strongly aperiodic subshift of finite type whenever the word problem of $H$ is decidable.
Aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in maize-based food products

The occurrence of aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2 ), G1 (AFG1 ) and G2 (AFG2 ), ochratoxin A (OA) and zearalenone (ZEA) was evaluated in 121 maize-based food samples collected in the commerce of Maringa City, Parana State, Brazil. The study was carried out between January 2002 and February 2003. Thin-layer chromatographic method was used to determine the mycotoxins. The recovery averages were 106.6%, 109.4%, 106.6%, 109.4%, 101.8% and 101.7% to AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, OA and ZEA, respectively. Three samples (2.5%) were positive to AFB1 (8 to 59 µg/kg), two (1.7%) to AFB2 (2.4 µg/kg), one (0.8%) to OA (64 µg/kg) and one (0.8%) to ZEA (448 µg/kg). The greater frequency of positive samples and also the highest concentration of AFB1 were found in popcorn samples (8.3%, 59 µg/kg). The data showed a low frequency of mycotoxins in products based on maize traded in Maringa, but the Probable Average Daily Intake (PDI) of AFB1 in them was high. Therefore, it is necessary to accomplish an active vigilance of these mycotoxins in such food products in order to provide safety to Brazilian people health.
Regulation of Transcription Elongation by the XPG-TFIIH Complex Is Implicated in Cockayne Syndrome

ABSTRACT XPG is a causative gene underlying the photosensitive disorder xeroderma pigmentosum group G (XP-G) and is involved in nucleotide excision repair. Here, we show that XPG knockdown represses epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced FOS transcription at the level of transcription elongation with little effect on EGF signal transduction. XPG interacted with transcription elongation factors in concert with TFIIH, suggesting that the XPG-TFIIH complex serves as a transcription elongation factor. The XPG-TFIIH complex was recruited to promoter and coding regions of both EGF-induced (FOS) and housekeeping (EEF1A1) genes. Further, EGF-induced recruitment of RNA polymerase II and TFIIH to FOS was reduced by XPG knockdown. Importantly, EGF-induced FOS transcription was markedly lower in XP-G/Cockayne syndrome (CS) cells expressing truncated XPG than in control cells expressing wild-type (WT) XPG, with less significant decreases in XP-G cells with XPG nuclease domain mutations. In corroboration of this finding, both WT XPG and a missense XPG mutant from an XP-G patient were recruited to FOS upon EGF stimulation, but an XPG mutant mimicking a C-terminal truncation from an XP-G/CS patient was not. These results suggest that the XPG-TFIIH complex is involved in transcription elongation and that defects in this association may partly account for Cockayne syndrome in XP-G/CS patients.
NMR analysis of regioselectivity in dephosphorylation of a triphosphotyrosyl dodecapeptide autophosphorylation site of the insulin receptor by a catalytic fragment of LAR phosphotyrosine phosphatase

An autophosphorylation site in the activated insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain has three tyrosines phosphorylated when fully activated. To begin to examine recognition of triphosphotyrosyl sites by protein tyrosine phosphatases in possible control of signal transduction a triphosphotyrosyl dodecapeptide TRDIpYETDpYpYRK corresponding to residues 1,142–1,153 of the insulin receptor was prepared and incubated with the 40‐kDa catalytic domain of the human PTPase LAR. To assess regioselectivity of recognition, the three diphosphotyrosyl regioisomers, and the three monophosphotyrosyl regioisomers were prepared and assayed. All seven peptides were PTPase substrates. To identify any preferences in dephosphorylation at pY5, pY9, or pY10, 1H‐NMR analyses were conducted during enzyme incubations and distinguishing fingerprint regions determined for each of the seven phosphotyrosyl peptides. LAR PTPase shows strong preference for dephosphorylation first at pY5 (at tri‐, di‐, and monophosphotyrosyl levels). Initially this regioselectivity gives the Y5(pY9)(pY10) diphospho regioisomer, followed by equal dephosphorylation at pY9 or pY10 to give the corresponding monophosphoryl species on the way to fully dephosphorylated product. The NMR methodology is applicable to other peptides with multiple sites of phosphorylation that undergo attack by any phosphatase.
The Significance of Multivalent Formation in Three-Species Gossypium Hybrids.

OR some years the cotton improvement program at the Texas AgriculF tural Experiment Station has included studies of three-species hybrids combining tetraploid New World cultivated cottons (with the genome constitution 2(AD) ), Asiatic cultivated cottons (diploids of genome constitution 2A) and American wild diploid Gossypiums (2D). A fuller explanation of genome s>-mbols, adapted from BEASLEY, is given by BROWN and MENZEL (1952b). Earlier several investigators, including the authors, had studied the pairing relations between chromosomes of the 2A and 2D genome groups and 2(AD), hut attention had been focused mainly on the completeness or incompleteness of pairing of the diploid genomes with one or the other subgenome of the tetraploid species. This work had established that at metaphase I, chromosomes of 2A species are usually completely paired with 13 chromosomes of the tetraploids, and that the other 13 chromosomes pair completely with those of the 2D species. In the course of a study of chromosome pairing in three-species hybrids of constitution (AD) AD, in which pairing was therefore expected to approximate 26 11, it was found that modally the chromosomes did indeed show complete pairing, but that there was a high frequency of multivalent formation (BROWN and MENZEL 1950). This led to a re-examination of the literature and reanalysis of hybrids at hand of the constitution (AD)A and (AD)D. The viable (AD) D hybrids between tetraploid species and American wild diploid species all form approximately 13 I1 and 13 I, with an occasional I11 presumably composed of a D pair and an A chromosome (for summary see BROWK and MENZEL 1952a). But the (AD)lA1 hirsutum-herbaceum hybrid was found to have modal pairing of 9 I1 2 IV 13 I while incomplete analysis of (AD)lAZ, hirsutunz-arboreum, suggested a mode of 1 IV + 1 VI per cell in addition to II’s, 1’s and 111’s. Meanwhile GERSTEL (1953) reexamined the pairing relations among G. hirsutum, G. arboreum and G. herbaceum and concluded that G. arboreum and G. herbaceum differ by one reciprocal translocation (form 1 IV in the F, hybrid), G. herbaceum and G. hirsutum by two translocations (2 IV) , and G. arboretiin and G. hirsutum by three translocations (1 IV t 1 VI) . The chromosome end arrangement of G. herbweuwz was considered the most primitive because it was shown to be identical with that of the primitive wild species G. anomalum. GERSTEL has reviewed the
Temporal Trends in Otolaryngologic Findings among HIV-1-infected Children in a Population-based Cohort

Background: Otolaryngologic conditions are common among HIV-1-infected children. In this study, we provide data regarding prevalence of pediatric HIV-1 otolaryngologic manifestations in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: We conducted population-based, prospective, multicenter pediatric HIV-1 surveillance among 276 children with perinatally acquired HIV-1 from 1988 to 2009. All Center for Disease Control (CDC) mild, moderate and severe otolaryngologic conditions were evaluated. Results: CDC-defined, HIV-1-related otolaryngologic conditions among the 276 children were: 103, mild; 50, moderate and 20, severe. The majority [23.3% (24/103), 40.0% (20/50) and 50% (10/20)] of mild, moderate and severe diagnoses, respectively, occurred in the first year of life, with 53.4% (55/103), 66.0% (33/50) and 70% (14/20), respectively, occurring in the first 2 years of life. The most frequent diagnoses were otitis media [21% (58/276)] and oropharyngeal thrush [17.4% (48/276)]. There was a temporal decline by cohort in prevalence of mild and moderate otolaryngologic diagnoses which was significant for mild conditions: 90, pre-ART cohort and 13, ART cohort (P < 0.001) and moderate conditions: 47, pre-ART and 3, ART (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In our study, many CDC-defined, HIV-related otolaryngologic conditions occur in the first 2 years of life. Over 22 years of longitudinal follow up, there was a significant decline in prevalence of CDC-defined otolaryngologic conditions by temporal cohorts when comparing pre-ART and ART eras. This finding supports early ART administration to decrease morbidity in HIV-1-positive infants and children as well as current US and World Health Organization guidelines to prevent early HIV disease progression.
Assessment and improvements of inorganic insulation for high temperature low voltage motors

The increase of internal temperature capability of electrical machines is a major challenge for building high power density actuators for many applications in transport systems and in aerospace industry. Today, the main limit is the thermal class of the organic Electrical Insulation System (EIS), but a breakthrough toward very high temperature is possible with inorganic insulation technologies. An inorganic EIS is proposed and tested for designing motors able to work permanently up to 500 °C in the heart of windings. After a review of several high temperature (HT°) insulation solutions, the paper focuses on currently available ceramic-coated wires insulated with a very thin inorganic layer, which is a favorable solution for high current densities in machines of small sizes. The electrical limits of this technology are investigated, the weak points of the HT° wire are circumvented using impregnating cements able to provide adequate mechanical and electrical properties up to 500°C for designing HT ° electrical machines fed by a standard PWM inverter connected to the HVDC bus of the more electric aircraft, for example.
FURTHER NORMS ON THE HARVARD GROUP SCALE OF HYPNOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, FORM A.

Abstract The Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A was administered to 168 upper level college students. Findings are congruent with the original normative data reported by Shor and E. C. Orne. Differences between the two samples' mean scores and distributions are discussed in terms of sample composition. Further support for the group scale as an accurate predictor of hypnotic susceptibility was indicated by a significant relationship between the group scale and the individually-administered Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C.
Limited plastic potential of the left ventral premotor cortex in speech articulation: Evidence From intraoperative awake mapping in glioma patients

Objectives: Despite previous lesional and functional neuroimaging studies, the actual role of the left ventral premotor cortex (vPMC), i.e., the lateral part of the precentral gyrus, is still poorly known. Experimental design:We report a series of eight patients with a glioma involving the left vPMC, who underwent awake surgery with intraoperative cortical and subcortical language mapping. The function of the vPMC, its subcortical connections, and its reorganization potential are investigated in the light of surgical findings and language outcome after resection. Principal observations: Electrostimulation of both the vPMC and subcortical white matter tract underneath the vPMC, that is, the anterior segment of the lateral part of the superior longitudinal fascicle (SLF), induced speech production disturbances with anarthria in all cases. Moreover, although some degrees of redistribution of the vPMC have been found in four patients, allowing its partial resection with no permanent speech disorders, this area was nonetheless still detected more medially in the precentral gyrus in the eight patients, despite its invasion by the glioma. Moreover, a direct connection of the vPMC with the SLF was preserved in all cases. Conclusions: Our original data suggest that the vPMC plays a crucial role in the speech production network and that its plastic potential is limited. We propose that this limitation is due to an anatomical constraint, namely the necessity for the left vPMC to remain connected to the lateral SLF. Beyond fundamental implications, such knowledge may have clinical applications, especially in surgery for tumors involving this cortico‐subcortical circuit. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1587–1596, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Idiosyncratic Risk and Stock Return Anomalies : Cross-section and Time-series Effects

This paper examines the cross-section and time-series effects of idiosyncratic risk on a broad set of anomalies. Consistent with theories of limited arbitrage, we find that, in cross section, anomalies are more pronounced among stocks with higher idiosyncratic volatility. More importantly, we show that, in time series, anomalies are stronger following periods of high aggregate idiosyncratic volatility. Both the cross-section and time-series effects are mainly driven by short positions, suggesting that short-sale constraints intensify the impact of idiosyncratic risk. Our findings provide fresh support for theories of limited arbitrage and mispricing-based explanations for anomalies.
The Effect of Different Levels of Sesame Oil on Productive Performance, Egg Yolk and Blood Serum Lipid Profile in Laying Hens

Addition of sesame oil into layer diets has been proved to enrich the proportion of polyunsatu-rated fatty acids in animal’s products. In this study, the effects of different levels of sesame oil in the diets on the performance, egg yolk and blood serum lipid profile of Isa Brown laying hens were investigated. A total of 96 layers were assigned into 4 groups to receive either 1 of 4 different diets contained 0.0%, 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% sesame oil, respectively. Sample of 12 eggs obtained from each groups were assessed for egg quality. The egg yolk fatty acid profile was determined with gas chromatography. Results revealed that the higher levels of sesame oil in the diet decreased egg production, egg weight, and egg yolk color except feed conversion ratio. In addition, supplementation of sesame oil increased the flow index of the eggs and the Haugh unite. The egg yolk lipid profile was not significantly different in the sesame oil fed groups, whereas, compare to control, it decreased the level of cholesterol. The blood serum lipid profile decreased in the sesame oil groups compare to control group. Meanwhile, monoacildigliserol also decreased in the sesame addition groups. In parallel with increasing levels of sesame oil, monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) in the egg yolks significantly increased compared to the control (37.00%, 42.89%, 42.20% and 43.48%, respectively). It can be implied that sesame oil supplementation into the laying hens diet is necessary to produce monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) enriched eggs.
Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting Goes Beyond Viruses: Organisms from all three kingdoms use frameshifting to regulate gene expression, perhaps signaling a paradigm shift.

Ordinarily, ribosomes rigorously maintain the reading frame of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules being translated into proteins. However, some mRNAs of viruses—and other, more complex organisms—sometimes carry special sequence information and structural elements in their mRNA molecules that enable ribosomes to slip, and adjust, reading frame. This programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) enables viruses to pack more information into their genomes, whose sizes are limited due to the small volumes of viral capsids into which they are packaged. PRF also adjusts the ratios of structural and enzymatic proteins in viruses. Moreover, because small changes in PRF efficiency can alter these ratios and thereby disrupt viral assembly, PRF is a potential target for antiviral agents. Ribosomes can be directed to shift either backward or forward. In the case of a −1 PRF, ribosomes slip in the 5′ direction on mRNAs by 1 nucleotide, whereas +1 PRF results in forward, or 3′, slippage by one base. While researchers continue to find new mechanisms that drive PRF, a common feature involves cis-acting elements that lead ribosomes to pause at specific “shifty” sequences, altering the usual kinetics of translation elongation to favor side reactions such as PRF (Fig. 1). Fig. 1 General concept of programmed ribosomal frameshifting. Ribosomes translating mRNA encounter the frameshift signal (hatched box). One feature of the signal induces the ribosome to pause. During this time, a second feature facilitates the shift. Frameshifting . The shifts can involve bypass or double reading of a base, or tRNA slippage on the mRNA. In viruses, PRF typically allows a single mRNA transcript to code for two proteins: a non-frameshift-encoded protein, and a longer, frameshift-encoded fusion protein. The function of such PRF signals is to bypass the usual stop codon by shifting the ribosome out of frame by a single nucleotide, thus enabling the viral genome to augment its coding potential. In viruses, the frequency of frameshifting determines the stoichiometric ratios between structural and enzymatic proteins. Although many researchers consider PRF a virus-specific phenomenon, it provides a potentially powerful molecular regulatory mechanism. Indeed, mounting evidence indicates that organisms from all three kingdoms of life use PRF to regulate gene expression, perhaps signaling a paradigm shift in how we think about protein translation and what constitutes the “correct” reading frame.
E-government Implementation in Kenya , an evaluation of Factors hindering or promoting e-government successful implementation

: Use of ICT in Government has ability to improve service delivery to its citizens, and yet many developing countries have lagged behind in the implementation of E-government. Many e-government initiatives also failed to achieve their objectives in developing countries. This paper therefore aims to identify critical failure or success factors in Kenya, using Heeks’ Factor Model. A survey questionnaire was developed and data were collected and analyzed from officials and interested citizens. The analysis result enabled to highlight seven specific success and failure factors in Kenya. The enablers of e-government projects are good strategy formulation, internal and external drive, employee competence and enough funding, whereas main failure of e-government are weak ICT infrastructure, poor Project management and Design. Data analysis highlights both strengths and weaknesses for each factor or factor. Finally, the study ends up with recommendations for policy makers to shape the future of e-government system in developing countries.
Imatinib induced melasma-like pigmentation: Report of five cases and review of literature

Imatinib mesylate is a cytotoxic agent that targets tyrosine kinase. Common side effects of this drug include nausea, edema and maculopapular rash. Hypopigmentation is a commonly reported side effect of this drug while hyperpigmentation has rarely been described. We describe five cases of melasma-like pigmentation induced by this anti-cancer drug. Four of the patients were diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumor while one had chronic myeloid leukemia. Patients received imatinib mesylate in a dose of 400 mg daily. Over an average period of 3 months, well defined hyperpigmented macules appeared over the convexities of the face. One of the patients also developed similar pigmentation on the forearm. Other causes of hyperpigmentation were excluded in each patient.
Trust‐based security‐level evaluation method for dynamic service‐oriented environments

A method of decision‐making in security‐level estimation process of service‐based applications in future Internet architecture is proposed. We demonstrate how distributed services can be composed to form an application run within the next‐generation network infrastructure and their security level may be assessed. Our approach is illustrated by the experiments carried on exemplary application (virtual laboratory online lab, using future Internet IPv6 QoS architecture), in which our method was evaluated against two types of attacks observed with the use of traffic anomaly detection methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Widespread Occurrence of Diverse Human Pathogenic Types of the Fungus Fusarium Detected in Plumbing Drains

ABSTRACT It has been proposed that plumbing systems might serve as a significant environmental reservoir of human-pathogenic isolates of Fusarium. We tested this hypothesis by performing the first extensive multilocus sequence typing (MLST) survey of plumbing drain-associated Fusarium isolates and comparing the diversity observed to the known diversity of clinical Fusarium isolates. We sampled 471 drains, mostly in bathroom sinks, from 131 buildings in the United States using a swabbing method. We found that 66% of sinks and 80% of buildings surveyed yielded at least one Fusarium culture. A total of 297 isolates of Fusarium collected were subjected to MLST to identify the phylogenetic species and sequence types (STs) of these isolates. Our survey revealed that the six most common STs in sinks were identical to the six most frequently associated with human infections. We speculate that the most prevalent STs, by virtue of their ability to form and grow in biofilms, are well adapted to plumbing systems. Six major Fusarium STs were frequently isolated from plumbing drains within a broad geographic area and were identical to STs frequently associated with human infections.
Risk Factors in First Presentation Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS): How Do We Move From Population to Individualized Risk Prediction?

Patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) have a poor short- and long-term prognosis. We sought to examine the presence of established coronary risk factors in contemporary patients presenting with an ACS for the first time and no known coronary artery disease (CAD) in the past. The study was conducted in 3171 consecutive patients admitted with the diagnosis of ACS. Of these, 941 patients (30%) had the admission as the first occurrence of ACS and no prior history of CAD. We studied the degree to which these first presenters with ACS had 1 or more established risk factors. We found that 98% of patients presenting with an ACS for the first time and no previous CAD had at least 1 established risk factor. Current population-based screening efforts must be improved to allow more effective prevention strategies and more individualized risk prediction.