Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential phosphorylation signals control endocytosis of GPR15

GPR15 undergoes a ligand-independent endocytosis, which requires phosphorylation of a distal C-terminal Ser-357 mediated by multiple basophilic kinases. The functional role of Ser-357 in endocytosis is distinct from that of a conserved Ser/Thr cluster, which is more responsible for the use of GRKs and β-arrestin.
Stimulus-Response Compatibility Effects in a Manual Tracking Task

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility effects in a manual tracking task for male and female subjects of different ages. 20 healthy men and 20 healthy women in each of three different age groups (20 to 39, 40 to 59, and 60 to 79 years) participated (total N=120). Subjects performed extension and flexion movements of the index finger metacarpophalangeal joint to track a computer-screen cursor along a target sine wave. The hand and forearm were positioned so that the finger movement was either vertical or horizontal, and the computer monitor was positioned so that the voluntary cursor movement was either vertical or horizontal. Each subject performed four different tracking tests corresponding to the four different ensembles of hand-forearm position and monitor position. There were significant differences in tracking performance between test ensembles in both women and men aged 60 to 79 years, and the compatible ensembles showed the superior performance. The results suggest that S-R compatibility effects exist in elderly women and elderly men performing a finger-movement tracking task, and these effects are consistent with impaired information processing in elderly persons. More research is needed on how S-R compatibility affects performance in persons with cerebral lesions.
Multimodal Imaging in a Patient with Traumatic Choroidal Ruptures

Purpose To describe the case and the follow-up of a traumatic choroidal rupture characterized by means of multimodal imaging including color fundus photographs, infrared reflectance, blue autofluorescence, swept-source optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods Case report. Results A 17-year-old boy was referred to our clinic complaining of reduction in visual acuity in the right eye (RE) after a blunt ocular trauma during a soccer match. Dilated fundus examination of RE showed 2 peripapillary choroidal ruptures located temporally and inferiorly to the optic disc. Among different imaging tools useful in the diagnosis and study of choroidal ruptures, particular attention must be paid to OCT-A, which showed the lesions as breaks in the choriocapillaris plexus with a hypointense appearance due to the lack of substance. Moreover, along the break it was possible to see the projection of the underlying choroidal vasculature, which appeared hyperintense. The retinal vascular plexa were spared. Conclusions All patients presenting with blunt ocular trauma should undergo fundus examination to exclude damage to the optic nerve, retina, and choroid, and need close follow-up to avoid the development of secondary complications such as choroidal neovascularization. Optical coherence tomography angiography might add relevant information in the global evaluation and follow-up of choroidal ruptures in a noninvasive fashion, and could replace other invasive modalities such as FA or ICGA.
Use of serology and urine antigen detection to estimate the proportion of adult community-acquired pneumonia attributable to Streptococcus pneumoniae

SUMMARY Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) but existing diagnostic tools have limited sensitivity and specificity. We enrolled adults undergoing chest radiography at three Indian Health Service clinics in the Southwestern United States and collected acute and convalescent serum for measurement of PsaA and PspA titres and urine for pneumococcal antigen detection. Blood and sputum cultures were obtained at the discretion of treating physicians. We compared findings in clinical and radiographic CAP patients to those in controls without CAP. Urine antigen testing showed the largest differential between CAP patients and controls (clinical CAP 13%, radiographic CAP 17%, control groups 2%). Serological results were mixed, with significant differences between CAP patients and controls for some, but not all changes in titre. Based on urine antigen and blood culture results, we estimated that 11% of clinical and 15% of radiographic CAP cases were due to pneumococcus in this population.
A novel La(III)-based metal-organic framework (MOF) with a new topology: poly[diaquabis(μ5-2,5-dioxopiperazine-1,4-diacetato)(μ2-oxalato)dilanthanum(III)].

In the title metal-organic framework (MOF), [La(C(8)H(8)N(2)O(6))(C(2)O(4))(0.5)(H(2)O)](n), the La(III) cation is coordinated by eight O atoms in a square antiprismatic configuration. Each La(III) cation is connected to adjacent La(III) cations by bridging 2,5-dioxopiperazine-1,4-diacetate (PODC(2-)) and oxalate (lying about an inversion centre) ligands, generating two-dimensional grid layers. The layers are further linked via the carboxylate groups of the PODC(2-) ligands in syn-syn and syn-anti modes, resulting in a three-dimensional framework with a short Schläfli vertex notation of {4(7). 6(3)}{4(7). 6(7). 8}.
How Important Are Non-Cognitive Personality and Personal Background to the Unemployment Persistence in Korea?

This paper examines the causes of unemployment persistence among Korean individuals aged 19-60. We used a random effects dynamic probit model, controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and the initial condition problem, for the panel data of waves 1 to 15 (1998-2012) of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS). The results show that non-cognitive personality and household background have a predictive power on unemployment persistence, as well as the presence of strong state dependence effects. Interestingly, a wealthy family background, high satisfaction with leisure, and job-hunting efforts with personal connections reduce the probability of unemployment persistence. Our results have important implications for separate unemployment policy among individuals with different unobserved personalities. It is also important to appropriately aid young people in their transitions between school and employment, in order for unemployment to be their first experience in the labor market. In addition, unemployment policies that target individuals with poor family backgrounds should help reduce the role of the difference of non-cognitive personalities and their determination during childhood and early adulthood.
Parent-child conflict and the comorbidity among childhood externalizing disorders.

BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested that substantial comorbidity exists among childhood externalizing disorders, specifically attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). Moreover, parent-child conflict predicts each of these disorders. Our goals were to determine whether parent-child conflict was associated with the comorbidity among ADHD, CD, and ODD, and to explicitly examine the etiology of this association via a genetically informative design. METHODS We compared the fit of the following 2 biometric models: the 2-factor common-pathway model, which examined genetic and environmental contributions to the relationship between conflict and the covariation among the 3 disorders, and the Cholesky model, which examined the relationship between conflict and each disorder individually. The sample consisted of 808 same-sex 11-year-old twin pairs from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, a population-based sample of Minnesota twins and their families. Main outcome measures included symptom counts for ADHD, CD, and ODD, obtained from structured interviews administered to twins and their mothers. Parent-child conflict was assessed via mother and twin reports of the Parental Environment Questionnaire. RESULTS The 2-factor model provided a better fit to the data. These results indicated that conflict accounted for 33% of the covariation among the disorders, via genetic and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS Parent-child conflict appears to act as a common vulnerability that increases risk for multiple childhood disorders. Furthermore, this association is mediated via common genetic and environmental factors. These findings support the idea that the comorbidity among these disorders partially reflects core psychopathological processes in the family environment that link putatively separate psychiatric disorders.
Structural Change in Peripheral European Markets

The processes of structural change and modernization in the food distribution industry have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European countries. Three essential factors have affected structural change in Spain: 1) the role of technical and organizational innovations, 2) institutional factors such as regulation and market structures, and 3) foreign direct investments. This article discusses with the framework of the “latecomers. ” In these countries, the factor of innovation has been produced in terms of appropriation, whether this is technological or organizational, usually influenced by foreign models or through direct foreign investment. The impact of these innovations has been highly conditioned by inflexible institutional surroundings. Considering the Spanish food trade in the last sixty years is a good way understanding processes of structural change in Mediterranean Europe. This research helps one understand the role taken by countries, which introduced factors of innovation and growth in less favourable surroundings than those of developed Europe.
Protective effects of green tea catechins on cerebral ischemic damage.

BACKGROUND Green tea catechins possess potent antioxidative properties, and the preventive effects against various oxidative diseases have been reported. The purpose of this study is to examine preventive and protective effects of green tea catechins on various deteriorative processes following stroke. MATERIAL/METHODS Male Wistar rats were given ad libitum water with or without 0.25 and 0.5% tea catechin extract for 5 days prior to the operation and during the experiment. Right middle cerebral artery was occluded for 2 h, then reperfused for 22 h. Brain slices were stained with triphenyltetrazolim chloride to assess infarct area. Concentrations of plasma EGCg, and serum NOx were analyzed by HPLC. Detection of iNOS expression, neutrophil infiltration and peroxynitrite formation in the penumbra was performed by immunostain. Neurologic deficit was scored by posture reflex. RESULTS Tea catechins dose-dependently reduced the brain infarct area and volume. Infarct volume was inversely correlated with plasma EGCg concentration. Dark staining for iNOS, neutrophils and peroxynitrite were observed in vessel wall of small arteries in control ischemic hemisphere, while in catechins (0.5%)-treated rats iNOS was detected slightly, and staining for neutrophils and peroxynitrite was not seen. Catechin ingestion blocked a 3-fold increase in serum NOx concentration in the jugular vein, and also reduced by 35% a 2-fold increase of plasma lipid peroxide level seen in control rats after reperfusion. Neurologic deficits were significantly alleviated by 0.5% catechin ingestion. CONCLUSIONS Daily intake of green tea catechins efficiently protects the penumbra from irreversible damage due to cerebral ischemia, and consequent neurologic deficits.
Clinical reasoning of an experienced physiotherapist: insight into clinician decision-making regarding low back pain.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Investigation of the clinical reasoning skills of experienced clinicians provides insight into decision-making in the practice of physiotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the clinical reasoning skills of an experienced physiotherapist during her assessment and treatment of clients with low back pain. METHOD Deconstruction of the physiotherapist's reasoning process was accomplished through observation of encounters between her and each of six patient subjects. Reconstruction and analysis of the physiotherapist's decision-making process was performed through retrospective interviews and reflective analysis of her clinical reasoning during each encounter. RESULTS A working model of the physiotherapist's clinical reasoning was created from an integration of theoretical elements in the literature and the data. Through analysis of this framework, two core dimensions of her clinical reasoning were revealed: the influence of clinical experience and the influence of advanced training in a specific philosophy of treating the spine. CONCLUSIONS The construction of these themes has contributed to the growing understanding of clinical reasoning strategies and skills used in orthopaedic physical therapy practice. Detailed description of the physiotherapist's reasoning process provides more meaningful understanding of physiotherapy treatments. In this case the physiotherapist employed a pattern recognition strategy and forward reasoning process in making a diagnosis. Further research is necessary to expand knowledge on the development of clinical reasoning skills.
Evidences for the existence of a low dopaminergic tone in polycystic ovarian syndrome: implications for OHSS development and treatment.

CONTEXT The dopamine/dopamine receptor 2 (D2/Drd2) pathway modulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent vascular permeability and angiogenesis in the ovary. Deregulation of the VEGF/VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 pathway leading to increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome has been described in the ovary of patients suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to ascertain whether deregulation of the VEGF/VEGFR-2 might a least be partially due to abnormalities of the D2/Drd2 pathway in PCOS women. DESIGN Dated, archived ovaries from PCOs and control group patients as well as human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated luteinized granulosa cells form PCOS and non-PCOS oocyte patients were used. SETTING The study was conducted at a private research center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS PCOS and nonpolycystic ovarian patients and oocyte patients participated in the study. INTERVENTION(S) Human ovarian sections were stained against the Drd2 antibody. Human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated luteinized granulosa cells (LGC) were cultured in the presence/absence and the Drd2 agonist cabergoline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Drd2 and vascularized stained area in the theca layer of antral (< 8 mm) and luteinized follicles was quantified. VEGF, D2, and its related metabolites were measured in the supernatant of cultured LGC by ELISA and HPLC, respectively. VEGFR-2 and Drd2 expressed by LGC was quantified through an In-Cell ELISA. RESULTS Decreased Drd2 expression and increased vascularization in the theca layer of antral and luteinized follicles of PCOS ovaries was observed. A lower dopamine production and reduced efficacy of cabergoline in inhibiting VEGF secretion was uncovered in LGC from PCOS. CONCLUSIONS Decreased dopaminergic tone as well as deregulated Drd2 signaling might explain higher VEGF and vascularization leading to increased ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome risk in PCOS.
Detection of congenital cytomegalovirus infection using umbilical cord blood samples in a screening survey

Easy screening and accurate diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are needed to predict and treat complications. We report the clinical course of two neonates with congenital CMV infection confirmed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for CMV DNA in umbilical cord blood. A total of 1,010 neonates born at Yonaha Clinic from July 2005 to March 2007 were investigated. Umbilical cord blood was collected at birth, and DNA was extracted to screen for CMV DNA by real‐time PCR. Head MRI and a developmental test were conducted for two cases (0.2%) in which CMV DNA was detected. Neither case showed clear abnormalities at birth, and head CT conducted at 1 month after birth revealed no abnormalities. Auditory brainstem responses were normal at both 1 and 12 months after birth in both cases. Head MRI at 12 months showed abnormalities in both cases. For both cases, development tests conducted at 12 months revealed mild developmental delays, particularly in posture and movement areas, which might have been caused by congenital CMV infection. J. Med. Virol. 81:1773–1776, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequent detection of polyomaviruses in stool samples from hospitalized children.

BACKGROUND Infection with BK virus (BKV) generally occurs early during life, but its mode of transmission has not been clearly defined. We tested the hypothesis that polyomavirus shedding in stool may be a source of BKV exposure.METHODS. Pediatric stool and rectal swab samples were tested for the presence of polyomavirus DNA by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that could detect a conserved region in the large T antigen gene of BKV, JC virus (JCV), and simian virus 40 (SV40). The specific viruses detected by this assay were confirmed by DNA sequence analysis of the PCR amplicons.Results. Of 120 samples collected from 99 patients, 54 (45.0%) were positive for polyomavirus DNA. Of the 99 patients, 46 (46.5%) had at least 1 positive sample, with 38 (38.4%) positive for BKV and 8 (8.1%) positive for SV40. JCV was not detected. There was no association between polyomavirus fecal shedding and age, sex, race/ethnicity, immune status, or symptoms of gastrointestinal disease in the children studied. The BKV strains detected displayed polymorphisms in the T antigen sequence.Conclusions. Polyomaviruses are frequently present in stool samples from hospitalized children. These findings suggest that fecal-oral transmission of BKV may play a role in the ubiquity of infection.
Chronic Antibody‐Mediated Rejection Is Reduced by Targeting B‐Cell Immunity During an Introductory Period

Transplantation across blood group antigen and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) barriers are immunologically high risk. Both splenectomy and rituximab injection were developed to overcome those immunological barriers. The idea behind these treatments is to control B‐cell immunity before and after renal transplantation and antibody production. Between January 2001 and December 2004, recipients underwent pretransplant double‐filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) and splenectomy at the time of transplantation in the ABO‐incompatible group (ABO‐I‐SPX; n= 45). From January 2005 to June 2009, a low dose of rituximab was given as an alternative to splenectomy (ABO‐I‐RIT; n = 57). As a control group, we selected 83 cases of ABO‐C living‐donor kidney transplantation between January 2001 and December 2007 (ABO‐C). We compared the graft survival rate and chronic antibody‐mediated rejection (C‐AMR) rate between ABO‐C and ABO‐I kidney transplantation with induction treatment. C‐AMR rates 2 years after the operation were 8.8, 3.5 and 28.9%, and de novo donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibody (DSHA) positive rates were 2.2, 1.7 and 18.1% in the ABO‐I‐SPX, ABO‐I‐RIT and ABO‐C groups, respectively. The ABO‐C group showed the highest rate of C‐AMR and de novo DSHA. B‐cell depletion protocols, such as splenectomy or rituximab administration, reduced C‐AMR after kidney transplantation.
The bvgAS locus negatively controls motility and synthesis of flagella in Bordetella bronchiseptica

The products of the bvgAS locus coordinately regulate the expression of Bordetella virulence factors in response to environmental conditions. We have identified a phenotype in Bordetella bronchiseptica that is negatively controlled by bvg. Environmental signals which decrease (modulate) the expression of bvg-activated genes lead to flagellum production and motility in B. bronchiseptica. Wild-type (Bvg+) strains are motile and produce peritrichous flagella only in the presence of modulating signals, whereas Bvg- (delta bvgAS or delta bvgS) strains are motile in the absence of modulators. The bvgS-C3 mutation, which confers signal insensitivity and constitutive activation of positively controlled loci, eliminates the induction of motility and production of flagellar organelles. The response to environmental signals is conserved in a diverse set of clinical isolates of both B. bronchiseptica and B. avium, another motile Bordetella species; however, nicotinic acid induced motility only in B. bronchiseptica. Purification of flagellar filaments from B. bronchiseptica strains by differential centrifugation followed by CsCl equilibrium density gradient centrifugation revealed two classes of flagellins of Mr 35,000 and 40,000. A survey of clinical isolates identified only these two flagellin isotypes, and coexpression of the two forms was not detected in any strain. All B. avium strains tested expressed a 42,000-Mr flagellin. Amino acid sequence analysis of the two B. bronchiseptica flagellins revealed 100% identity in the N-terminal region and 80% identity with Salmonella typhimurium flagellin. Monoclonal antibody 15D8, which recognizes a conserved epitope in flagellins in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, cross-reacted with flagellins from B. bronchiseptica and B. avium. Our results highlight the biphasic nature of the B. bronchiseptica bvg regulon and provide a preliminary characterization of the Bvg-regulated motility phenotype.
A Theory Of Audit Partnerships - Audit Firm Size And Fees

In this paper we analyze the effect of audit firm size on audit fees. ' An economic model is developed using an agency framework, taking into consideration the uncertainties involved in the audit process and the auditor's incentives. Optimal fee schedules are derived for a fixed level of audit effort.2 If clients can perfectly observe audit effort, fees will be paid for the actual level of audit effort. This is the first-best contract between client and auditor. However, if auditors are effort averse and their actions are
PATTERNS OF MATING‐SYSTEM EVOLUTION IN HERMAPHRODITIC ANIMALS: CORRELATIONS AMONG SELFING RATE, INBREEDING DEPRESSION, AND THE TIMING OF REPRODUCTION

In hermaphrodites, traits that influence the selfing rate can coevolve with inbreeding depression, leading to the emergence of evolutionary syndromes. Theory predicts a negative correlation between inbreeding depression and selfing rate across species. This prediction has only been examined and validated in vascular plants. Furthermore, selfing rates are often influenced by environmental conditions (e.g., lack of mates or pollinators), and species are predicted to evolve mechanisms to buffer this variation. We extend previous studies of mating‐system syndromes in two ways. First, we assembled a new dataset on Basommatophoran snails (17 species, including new data on 12 species). Second, we measured how species responded to variation in mate availability. Specifically, we quantified the waiting time before selfing (i.e., how long the onset of reproduction is delayed in the absence of mates). Selfing rates were negatively correlated with both inbreeding depression and the waiting time. Species with stronger inbreeding depression exhibited longer waiting times. These patterns obtained on Basommatophorans still hold when including eight other hermaphroditic animals. Our results support the hypothesis that selection drives the evolution of mating‐system syndromes in animals. The reaction norm of selfing rates to mate availability is a key target of natural selection in this context.