Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature and Variability of Three Ionian Volcanoes

Temperature and Variability of Three Ionian Volcanoes Daniel R. Allen Department of Physics and Astronomy Master of Science Cassini spacecraft images of Io obtained during its flyby of Jupiter in late 2000 and early 2001 were used to determine the lava composition and eruption style of three faint hotspots, Pillan, Wayland, and Loki. We found a maximum color temperature of 1130±289 K for Pillan and maximum color temperatures of 1297±289 K and 1387±287 K for Wayland and Loki, respectively. These temperatures are suggestive of basaltic lava. The temperatures with the best signal-to-noise ratios also suggested basaltic lava and were found to be 780±189 K, 1116±250 K, and 1017±177 K for Pillan, Wayland, and Loki, respectively. Pillan showed increased activity on the third eclipse day after being fairly constant for the first two days, suggesting increased fountaining or lava flow activity on the third day. The data also suggest that Pillan is surrounded by topography that blocked emission on day000 and caused a much more dramatic decrease in emission. Wayland’s intensity decreased over the three eclipses, consistent with a cooling lava flow or decreasing eruption. However, rapid decreases in intensity over periods of 26 to 48 minutes could have resulted from the eruption of highly exposed lava, perhaps an open channel or fountain. The data also suggest Wayland may be in a depression surrounded by ridges that blocked part of the emission. Intensities at Loki over the course of the observation varied in both directions, and were consistent with previous determinations of an often quiescent lava lake with periods of active overturning and fountains.
Influence of melatonin receptor signalling on parameters involved in blood glucose regulation

The pineal hormone melatonin is known to influence insulin secretion via the G‐protein‐coupled receptor isoforms MT1 and MT2. The present study was aimed to further elucide the impact of melatonin on blood glucose regulation. To this end, mouse lines were used, in which one of the two or both melatonin receptors were deleted. In comparison with wild‐type mice of the same age (8–12 months old), increased plasma insulin and melatonin levels and decreased blood glucose levels and body weights were detected in the MT1‐ and double‐knockout lines. The elimination of melatonin receptor signalling also altered blood glucose concentrations, body weight and melatonin and insulin levels when comparing wild‐type and receptor knockout mice of different ages (6 wk and 8–12 months old); such changes, however, were dependent on the type of receptor deleted. Furthermore, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results provided evidence that melatonin receptor deficiency has an impact on transcript levels of pancreatic islet hormones as well as on pancreatic and hepatic glucose transporters (Glut1 and 2). Under stimulated insulin secretion in the presence of melatonin in the rat insulinoma β‐cells INS‐1, the Glut1 transcript level was decreased. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that melatonin receptor knockout types affect blood glucose levels, body weight, plasma levels of melatonin and insulin, as well as pancreatic hormone and Glut1 expression in significantly different manners.
Immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin (D2‐40), lymphangiogenesis, and neoangiogenesis in tooth germ, ameloblastomas, and ameloblastic carcinomas

BACKGROUND Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally aggressive odontogenic tumor, while ameloblastic carcinoma is its malignant counterpart. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in malignancies have been correlated with higher aggressiveness and poor prognosis, as well as greater expression of podoplanin by tumoral cells. METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin, CD34, and CD105 (endoglin) was evaluated in 53 ameloblastomas and three ameloblastic carcinomas; additionally, immunohistochemistry for podoplanin was also performed in 10 tooth germs. Microvessel density of blood and lymphatic vessels was calculated and compared between ameloblastomas and ameloblastic carcinomas. Immunoexpression of podoplanin by ameloblastic cells was evaluated in tooth germs, ameloblastomas, and ameloblastic carcinomas. RESULTS Podoplanin was similarly expressed by odontogenic epithelial cells of tooth germs and ameloblastomas, while its expression was lower in ameloblastic carcinomas. There was no difference in microvessel density assessed by CD34 between ameloblastomas and ameloblastic carcinomas; nevertheless, the latter presented higher amounts of lymphatic and new formed blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that podoplanin does not seem to be involved in invasion mechanisms of ameloblastic carcinomas, as its expression was decreased in the malignant tumoral cells. On the other hand, the increased lymphatic microvessel density and neoangiogenesis found in ameloblastic carcinomas could be related to its aggressiveness and potential for metastasis.
Secondary structure of myristoylated recoverin determined by three-dimensional heteronuclear NMR: implications for the calcium-myristoyl switch.

Recoverin, a new member of the EF-hand superfamily, serves as a Ca2+ sensor in vision. A myristoyl or related N-acyl group is covalently attached at its N-terminus and plays an essential role in Ca(2+)-dependent membrane targeting by a novel calcium-myristoyl switch mechanism. The structure of unmyristoylated recoverin containing a single bound Ca2+ has recently been solved by X-ray crystallography [Flaherty, K. M. , Zozulya, S. , Stryer, L. , & McKay, D. B. (1993) Cell 75, 709-716]. We report here multidimensional heteronuclear NMR studies on Ca(2+)-free, myristoylated recoverin (201 residues, 23 kDa). Complete polypeptide backbone 1H, 15N, and 13C resonance assignments and secondary structure are presented. We find 11 helical segments and two pairs of antiparallel beta-sheets, in accord with the four EF-hands seen in the crystal structure. The present NMR study also reveals some distinct structural features of the Ca(2+)-free myristoylated protein. The N-terminal helix of EF-2 is flexible in the myristoylated Ca(2+)-free protein, whereas it has a well-defined structure in the unmyristoylated Ca(2+)-bound form. This difference suggests that the binding of Ca2+ to EF-3 induces EF-2 to adopt a conformation favorable for the binding of a second Ca2+ to recoverin. Furthermore, the N-terminal helix (K5-E16) of myristoylated Ca(2+)-free recoverin is significantly longer than that seen in the unmyristoylated Ca(2+)-bound protein. We propose that this helix is stabilized by the attached myristoyl group and may play a role in sequestering the myristoyl group within the protein in the Ca(2+)-free state.
Morphometric Analysis of Neurocentral Synchondrosis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Normal Skeletally Immature Spine

Study Design. Morphometric analysis of the neurocentral synchondrosis (NCS) using magnetic resonance imaging in the normal infantile and juvenile patients. Objectives. To assess the developmental stages of the neurocentral synchondrosis (NCS) by determining the age at which closure of the NCS occurs at specific levels of the spine and to evaluate whether symmetric growth of the NCS occurs during the different developmental stages in normal immature spine. Summary of Background Data. The function and developmental stage of the NCS are controversial because of a lack of agreement on the exact age of closure. To date, most authors believe that the NCS is actively open at a very early age, but the reported age of closure of the NCS varies from age 3 to 16 years. This various closure age of the NCS has resulted in some confusion about the role of the NCS in the normal spinal growth or the development of spinal deformity. Methods. A total of 34 normal pediatric patients who had axial magnetic resonance images from first thoracic vertebra to fifth lumbar vertebra were assigned into following 3 groups: infantile group (n = 11), 0 to 3 years of age; juvenile-young group (n = 16), 4 to 7 years of age; and juvenile-old group (n = 7), 8 to 10 years of age. T2-weighted axial magnetic resonance images were used to analyze the NCS developmental stages using a custom 6-point scale (0: actively open with 0% closure; 5: 100% NCS closure). For the stage 0 closure NCS, the width and thickness of the NCS were measured. Results. The NCS was actively open without closure for all less than 4-year-old patients at all levels. The NCS had approximate 75% closure in the lumbar region at 4 years of age while the thoracic NCS remained nearly open. After 5 years of age, the middle-lower thoracic NCS began to close with closure rate less than 25%. At the 10 years of age, the NCS in the lumbar region had near 100% closure, whereas the thoracic NCS demonstrated approximate 50% closure. For the NCS without closure, the average width and thickness were 7.6 × 1.3 mm on the left and 7.9 × 1.3 mm on the right, which was not significantly different. For the NCS with closure, the left and right NCS closure rates were not significantly different. Conclusion. The NCS developmental stage is age- and vertebral level-dependent. The NCS closes from the lumbar and proximal thoracic spine to the middle-distal thoracic spine and times from very early juvenile to the adolescent. The NCS symmetry bilaterally occurred not only during the active open, but also the long closure period. The NCS symmetric open and/or closure may be important to maintain the normal spine alignment.
An Unusually Fast-Evolving Supernova

We Are Stardust Supernovae form as the result of stellar explosions and are classified according to the properties of their spectra. Poznanski et al. (p. 58, published online 5 November) present a peculiar supernova that is characterized by extremely fast temporal evolution and unusual spectroscopic features, such that it defies classification. SN2002bj appears to be a member of a new class of supernovae, possibly formed by a helium detonation on a white dwarf ejecting a small envelope of material. The distinctive properties of this supernova suggest that it is of a kind predicted by theory but not previously observed. Analyses of supernovae (SNe) have revealed two main types of progenitors: exploding white dwarfs and collapsing massive stars. Here we describe SN 2002bj, which stands out as different from any SN reported to date. Its light curve rose and declined very rapidly, yet reached a peak intrinsic brightness greater than −18 magnitude. A spectrum obtained 7 days after discovery shows the presence of helium and intermediate-mass elements, yet no clear hydrogen or iron-peak elements. The spectrum only barely resembles that of a type Ia SN, with added carbon and helium. Its properties suggest that SN 2002bj may be representative of a class of progenitors that previously has been only hypothesized: a helium detonation on a white dwarf, ejecting a small envelope of material. New surveys should find many such objects, despite their scarcity.
Primary role of multiparametric flow cytometry in the diagnostic work‐up of indolent clonal mast cell disorders

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis (SM) relies on bone marrow (BM) examination and is based on one major and four minor criteria. Herein, we used WHO criteria to compare flow cytometry (FC) with other available techniques in the diagnosis of SM after BM examination.
Use of low dose dopamine, gabexate mesilate and ulinastatin reduces the water balance and pulmonary complication in thoracic esophagectomy patients.

SUMMARY In spite of improvements in surgical technique and perioperative care, severe lung complication remains as the leading cause of morbidity in thoracic esophageal cancer patients who undergo esophagectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of postoperative drug therapy using low dose dopamine, gabexate mesilate, and ulinastatin on postoperative lung complication in esophageal cancer patients. Sixty-one patients operated for esophageal cancer from 1996 to 2000 were treated postoperatively with low dose dopamine (300 microg/kg/h), gabexate mesilate (80 mg/h), and ulinastatin (300 000 unit/day) as a study group. Seventy-four patients operated from 1987 to 1994 served as an historical control group. Various preoperative and perioperative medical parameters and water balance were analyzed. Postoperative pulmonary complications were observed in 26 patients (35.1%) in the control group and three patients (4.9%) in the study group, respectively (P < 0.0001). Preoperative and perioperative variables were not significantly different between the groups. Water balance from operation to postoperative day 3 in the study group was significantly lower than the control group. Postoperative use of low dose dopamine, gabexate mesilate, and ulinastatin significantly reduced pulmonary complications after esophagectomy. This may be partly attributable to negative water balance during the early postoperative days.
Academic Issues in MIS: Journals and Books

The range of journals in which to publish scholarly papers in the management information systems (MIS) field has expanded over the years. The perceived ranking of the journals by those in the field is an important issue to academics. Another question of importance to academic personnel in the MIS field is whether the writing of books counts toward tenure and promotion. This article presents the results of a survey relative to these two questions. It was conducted in late 1989 and early 1990 among MIS professors in AACSB accredited business schools, with about half of all such schools participating. The survey found that the most highly regarded journals for IS research include an assortment of IS-specific, computer science, and management science journals. This continues a long-standing tradition, despite the introduction of several new IS journals. IT also showed that books are generally counted toward tenure and promotion.
Active Learning of Strict Partial Orders: A Case Study on Concept Prerequisite Relations

Strict partial order is a mathematical structure commonly seen in relational data. One obstacle to extracting such type of relations at scale is the lack of large-scale labels for building effective data-driven solutions. We develop an active learning framework for mining such relations subject to a strict order. Our approach incorporates relational reasoning not only in finding new unlabeled pairs whose labels can be deduced from an existing label set, but also in devising new query strategies that consider the relational structure of labels. Our experiments on concept prerequisite relations show our proposed framework can substantially improve the classification performance with the same query budget compared to other baseline approaches.
The influence of the mode of anaesthesia in the incidence of neonatal morbidity after an elective caesarean section.

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION We conducted a study of all the cases of elective caesarean section over a three-year period from 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2004, with the aim to compare general, epidural and spinal anaesthesia in respect to the incidence of neonatal respiratory morbidity. METHODS It is an area-based retrospective study of all mothers who underwent elective caesarean section and delivered singleton infants at term gestation. Neonatal respiratory morbidity was recorded and compared between infants delivered with different anaesthetic techniques for caesarean section and those delivered vaginally. RESULTS The rates of documented respiratory morbididy did not relate significantly to the anaesthesia mode (p > 0.05). Infants who were delivered at term by elective caesarean section were more likely to have respiratory problems than those who were delivered vaginally (8.1% vs 1.3%), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The different anaesthesia techniques in elective caesarean section do not seem to influence neonatal respiratory morbidity.
Limited ability of circulating anti-Müllerian hormone to predict dominant follicular recruitment in PCOS women treated with clomiphene citrate: a comparison of two different assays

Abstract The present retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate whether serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, determined by either the Immunotech (IOT) or the second generation (Gen II) assay, can predict follicular recruitment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate (CC). Patients received 50 mg CC daily for ovulation induction followed by natural intercourse or intrauterine insemination. Overall, 84 women had their serum AMH levels tested before treatment [42 patients with Immunotech (IOT), and 42 patients with the Gen II assay]. The primary outcome was to determine dominant follicle (>10 mm) recruitment in relation to AMH levels. Thirty-three (79%) patients in the IOT and 34 (81%) patients in the Gen II assay group developed a dominant follicle within 15 days after initiation of CC. Circulating AMH levels did not differ between women with or without dominant follicular recruitment in the both groups. By using either the AMH IOT or the Gen II assay, serum AMH levels were not predictive of the development of a dominant follicle. In conclusion, serum AMH levels measured by IOT or Gen II assay, has limited value to predict PCOS patients who will develop a dominant follicle following ovulation induction with CC.
Interleukin-1 beta induces cyclooxygenase-2 in cultured human decidual cells.

PROBLEM The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta)-elicited increases in decidual prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) biosynthesis are due to the de novo expression of the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase (i.e., COX-2). METHOD Primary human decidual cell cultures were established from term placentas delivered by cesarean section. After 8 days in vitro, when the cultures secreted immunoreactive prolactin, the cells were incubated for 24 h in serum-free medium, and then challenged with IL-1 beta from 1 to 48 h. PGE2 and PGF2 alpha content in the media were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. RESULTS IL-1 beta stimulated a time-dependent enhancement in PGE2 and PGF2 alpha production, with PGF2 alpha synthesis predominating over PGE2. IL-1 beta also induced a dose-dependent increase in the output of both arachidonic acid metabolites. When Northern blots of IL-1 beta-treated and control cells were probed with cDNAs encoding either COX-1 or COX-2 isoforms or an oligonucleotide probe encoding a portion of the human beta-actin, we detected a time- and dose-dependent increase in the steady-state levels of COX-2, but not COX-1 or beta-actin mRNA transcripts. Moreover, the expression of COX-2 mRNA in IL-1 beta-stimulated cells was superinduced by preincubation with cycloheximide, but completely abolished by actinomycin D. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data suggest that COX-2 mRNA expression is largely responsible for the robust increase in PG formation seen in IL-1 beta-treated decidual cells.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Enalapril Reduces Formation of Hypertrophic Scars in a Rabbit Ear Wounding Model

Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are widely used in medicine because of their antihypertensive and antifibrogenic effects. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activates angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which plays an important regulatory role in wound healing and collagen production. The authors investigated whether systemic administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors has any effect on formation of hypertrophic scars using the rabbit ear wound model. Methods: Sixteen New Zealand albino rabbits were divided into four groups, and four punch defects were created on each ear. The first group received oral enalapril immediately after the creation of punch defects. The second group received oral enalapril on day 28 after the formation of scars. The third group received intralesional steroid injections on days 28 and 35. The fourth group was the control group. The rabbits were killed on day 40. The harvested specimens were analyzed histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically. Results: Early enalapril application decreased the scar elevation index and fibroblast and capillary counts significantly, compared with the values in the control group. Late enalapril application decreased fibroblast counts significantly; however, there was no difference in scar elevation index compared with the control group. There was no difference between early enalapril application and steroid therapy in terms of scar elevation index and capillary and fibroblast counts. However, early and late enalapril groups displayed lower collagen type III immunoreactivity compared with the steroid and control groups. Conclusion: Early application of enalapril following dermal injury reduces formation of hypertrophic scars, probably because of its down-regulatory effects on type III collagen production.
Predictors of child functioning and problem behaviors for children diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder and externalizing problems

ABSTRACT Posttraumatic stress disorder and behavioral disorders are related to problems in emotional functioning for young children. Factors related to child functioning are important to understand in order to develop interventions and assess their impact. This study examined clinician and parent reports of child functioning and behavior problems and factors related to each of these outcome variables. Results indicated that parental acceptance was inversely related to child behavior problems. Increased parental supervision of the child was related to high total problems scores. Parental acceptance was positively related to child functioning. Future research is needed to examine relations among interventions to improve parental supervision and interactions with the child and child functioning, in terms of both positive and negative behaviors.
Polyamines and their biosynthetic enzymes during somatic embryo development in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.)

SummaryThe major objective of this study was to determine if the observed changes in polyamines and their biosynthetic enzymes during somatic embryo development were specifically related to either the stage of the embryo development or to the duration of time spent on the maturation medium. Somatic embryos of red spruce (Picea rubens) at different developmental stages, grown in the embryo development and maturation media for various lengths of time, were separated from the associated subtending tissue (embryogenic and the suspensor cell masses) and analyzed for their polyamine content as well as for polyamine biosynthetic enzyme activities. Polyamine content was also analyzed in embryos representing different stages of developmentthat were collected from the sam culture plate at the same time and the subtending tissue surrouding them. Putrescine was the predominant polyamine in the pro-embryogenic tissue, while spermidine was predominant during embryo development. Significant changes in spermidine/putrescine and spermine/putrescine ratios were observed at all stages of embryo development as compared to the pro-embryogenic cell mass. Changes in the ratios of various polyamines were clearly correlated with the developmental stage of the embryo rather than the period of growth in the maturation medium. Whereas the activities of both ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase increased by week 3 or 4 and stayed high during the subsequent 6 wk of growth, the activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase steadily declined during embryo development.