Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Appropriate Size of Follicles on Success Rate in Patient Undergoing Controlled Ovarian Stimulation and Intrauterine Insemination Cycles

Objectives: Intra-Uterine Insemination (IUI) is one of the methods for infertility treatments. The size of the follicles and endometrial thickness are two important factors in pregnancy rate of patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination cycles (COH-IUI). The aim of this study was to investigate the success rate of IUI and follicular size and other associated factors in infertile couples. Materials & Methods: The study group was the patients who were undergoing COH-IUI. BMI of all women recorded and ovulation induction was propelled and when there was appropriate endometrial thickness and at least one dominant follicle in trans-vaginal ultrasonography. 36 hours after HCG injection, IUI was performed. Then pregnancy rate between patients who had follicle size fewer than 20 mm and higher than 20 mm was assumed. Results: 159 cases of IUI were performed and pregnancy happened in 22(14.1 %). In non-pregnant group (134 cases), 78 cases had under 20 mm follicles and 47 cases had higher than 20 mm follicles. In pregnant group (22 cases) 10 cases had fewer than 20 mm follicles and 12 cases had higher than 20 mm follicles in the time of HCG injection. Endometrial thickness was 8.01±1.42 mm in patients with follicles more than 20 mm. Conclusion: The success rate in controlled ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination cycles closely related to obtaining of optimal size of follicles and endometrial thickness.
How Did Early Earth Become Our Modern World

Several features of Earth owe their origin to processes occurring during and shortly following Earth formation. Collisions with planetary embryos caused substantial melting of the growing Earth, leading to prolonged core formation, atmosphere outgassing, and deepening of the magma ocean as Earth grew. Mantle noble gas isotopic compositions and the mantle abundance of elements that partition into the core record this very early Earth differentiation. In contrast, the elements that are not involved in either core or atmosphere formation show surprisingly muted evidence of the fractionation expected during magma ocean crystallization, and even this minimal evidence for early intramantle differentiation appears to have been erased by mantle convection within ∼1.5 billion years of Earth formation. By 4.36 Ga, Earth's surface and shallow interior had reached temperatures similar to those of the present Earth, and mantle melting, and perhaps plate subduction, was producing crustal rock types similar to those see.
Evaluation of Some Barley Cultivars for Green Fodder Production and Water Use Efficiency under Hydroponic Conditions

Water shortage is considered the most important obstacle to the development of the agricultural sector in arid and semi-arid regions like Jordan. Therefore, looking for agricultural techniques that use water more efficiently is needed. An experiment has been conducted during March 2010 to evaluate three barley cultivars (ACSAD176, Rum, and local cultivar) for green fodder production, quality, and water use efficiency under hydroponic conditions. The results of this study showed that barley forage can be produced in 10 days from planting to harvest in the hydroponic system. The local cultivar was superior to the other two tested cultivars in respect to green and dry fodder yields, plant height, and conversion factor of seeds into green fodder. Green barley forage yields obtained were 222, 236 and 281 tons/ha [that means a total possible yields of 5500, 5900 and 7000 tons/ha/year can be achieved (with 25 harvests per year)] for ACSAD176, Rum, and local cultivar, respectively. This is more than 110, 118 and 140 times greater than the green yield obtained from conventional field grown alfalfa forage of 50 tons/ha/year. Moreover, the local cultivar used water more efficiently to produce green fodder than other cultivars (1.48 for local cultivar vs. 1.76 and 1.87 m3/ton for Rum and ACSAD176, respectively). This is a tremendous improvement in water use efficiency compared to 83 m3/ton produced under field conditions. Results also showed that hydroponic fodder of local cultivar was superior to field grown forages in respect to contents of crude protein, N, P, Mg, and Zn. In conclusion, local barley cultivar is the best choice for high production and quality of hydroponic green fodder with less water consumption. These findings are considered very important as seeds of this cultivar are mostly available in the market at lower price than others which reduce the cost of hydroponic fodder production.
Hygienic Practices among Food Handlers in Restaurants of Al-Nohod Locality Market-West Kordofan-Sudan-2017

Introduction: The principle of food hygiene implies that there should be minimal handling of food items. Food handlers are thus expected to observe proper hygiene and sanitation methods as the chances of food contamination largely depend on their health status and hygiene practices. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate hygienic practices of food handlers in restaurants of Alnohod locality market-2017. Research methodology: This was community based cross sectional study which covered 34 restaurants and 40 food handlers (cookers) with 100% response rate. The data were collected in October 2016, by using standardized administrated questionnaire composed of 36 close-ended questions. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Results: The level of cooking hygienic practices among 40 food handlers, 33.21% of them were good, 47.57% poor and 27.71% bad) was reported. However, regarding personal hygiene practices, neither training in personal hygiene among the study workers has been noticed nor usage of hand gloves. Statistically significant differences were observed by gender, education with personal hygiene practices in terms of; having protective personal clothing (P-value=0.000), having medical fitness card (P-value=0.000) and tobacco consumption (P-value=0.026). Conclusion: The study identified that the cooking and personal hygienic practices were poor among food handlers. Basic training in personal, cooking and food hygiene is needed for food handlers. This is to ensure that they follow the required rules for proper hygiene and sanitation.
An Interrogation of Diarrhoea Concept among Yoruba Women in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

This paper explores and simultaneously interrogates the emic perspective of childhood diarrhoea among Yoruba women living in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. The data was derived from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions conducted with women and other significant members of households who were health givers to children below five years of age. Two major concepts that are associated with childhood diarrhoea, owo ọmọ and ọwọ iỳa, are analyzed within a phenomenological framework of African philosophy that challenges orthodox discourse of human health and life experience. The paper draws the attention of international health organizations collaborating with the Nigerian government in reducing child mortality associated with diarrhoea the inherent danger in ignoring folks’ beliefs and concepts. The paper concludes that it is only in recognition of cultural cosmologies that local people can be actively involved in designing improvement strategies and carrying out hygienic education sensitively.
Empirical Analysis of Competitive Advantage of Muslim Contractors in the East Coast of Malaysia

With a vast development business growth in the country, forces local contractors to promote their competitive advantage in order to continue surviving. In doing so, a number of variables such as human resource management, financial, government, supplier, technology and new market entrance with competitive advantage are used. This paper intends to explore as well as examining the ability of each class of local Muslim contractors in East Coast of Malaysia in maintaining their own competitive advantages. A total population of 3,331 contractors was generated from the Contractor Services Centre (PKK). Stratified sampling techniques was used for data collection managed to get 349 samples for the analysis and answered the designed questionnaire. The results tell us the significant and important role of human capital, technology and suppliers in construction industry. In promoting business competitive advantage technology plays an important dimension and not serving as a mediator to all other factors. Keywords: Muslim contractors, Terengganu, Malaysia, competitive advantage
Communication in the Tripartite Symbiosis Formed by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Rhizobia and Legume Plants: A Review

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are major nutrients required for plant growth. Both nutrients can be supplied by fertilizers or manures. However, leguminous plants have the ability to fix N from the atmosphere through a symbiosis with hostspecific gram-negative soil bacteria belonging to the family Rhizobiaceae, universally known as rhizobia (Killham, 1995). Symbiotic dinitrogen (N2) fixation by legumes can account for as much as 97% of the total plant N (Peoples and Craswell, 1992). Such a contribution reduces the need for mineral N fertilizer and, even if the yield of the grain legume is not enhanced, any increase in N2 fixation may lead to greater protein content of seed (Fabre and Planchon, 2000), or more N being available to subsequent nonfixing crops (Karpenstein-Machan and Stuelpnagel, 2000; Goss et al., 2002; Jensen and Hauggaard-Nielsen, 2003). Symbiotic N2 fixation is thus considered an ‘environmentally friendly’ means of supplying N to crops. The vast majority of all land plants form a symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), taxonomically grouped in the order Glomales (Bentivenga and Morton, 1994). Photosynthetic rates of mycorrhizal plants increase in compensation for the portion of net photosynthates allocated to the roots for fungal growth and maintenance (e.g., Jakobsen and Rosendahl, 1990). In return for carbon (C), the fungus provides the host with mineral nutrients, of which P is of considerable importance (Smith and Read, 1997). Working with Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter) Gerdemann and Trappe emend. Walker and Koske, Lambert and Weidensaul (1991) observed that the P content of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] shoots was approximately 60% greater in mycorrhizal plants than in nonmycorrhizal plants, even when high rates of phosphatic fertilizer (e.g., 150 mg kg 1 soil) were supplied. Results such as these highlight the significance of effectively managing AMF for an optimum efficiency of phosphatic fertilizer utilization and the potential for preventing environmental contamination. Kitty’s TS • American Society of Agronomy • Wright & Zobel . • 183225
The Evaluation of Iranian EFL Learners’ Interlanguage Pragmatic Knowledge through the Production of Speech Acts

This study evaluated Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ knowledge of interlanguage pragmatic learning outcomes through the production of the speech acts of apology, request, and refusal. The study drew upon the conceptualization of Austin (1962) speech act theory and Brown and Levinson (1987) politeness theory as the theoretical framework of this study. The participants of the study included 235 EFL intermediate learners. Discourse Completion Task (DCT) was used as the instrument for data collection. The results of the data from the tests on speech acts showed that learners utilized more conventional or routinized strategies to perform these speech acts. Moreover, the results revealed that there were not so much differences in the frequency, shift and type of speech acts strategies or semantic formulas utilized in the production of speech acts by Iranian EFL learners in responding to a higher, an equal, and a lower-status person. The results also were suggestive of the learners’ lack of pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic knowledge. The implication of this study is for language teachers to teach interlanguage pragmatics explicitly in EFL contexts to draw learners’ attention to both pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic features, pay more attention to these areas and allocate more time and practice to solve learners’ problems in these areas.
Robinia pseudo-acacia L. as a possible biomonitor of heavy metal pollution in Kayseri

The leaves of Robinia pseudo-acacia L. (Fabaceae) were tested as a possible biomonitor of heavy metal pollution in Kayseri. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn were determined in unwashed and washed leaves and soils collected from a wide range of sites with different degrees of metal pollution. Differences between the unwashed and washed samples varied according to the metal pollutant levels. Significant correlations were obtained between the heavy metal concentrations in surface soil and washed leaf samples. R. pseudo-acacia was found to be a useful biomonitor of the heavy metals investigated.
Assessment of the relationships between dominant cell size in natural phytoplankton communities and the spectral shape of the absorption coefficient

Size‐fractionated chlorophyll concentration and phytoplankton absorption spectra were compared for a wide variety of natural communities. We found that, in general, when phytoplankton abundance increases, larger sizeclasses are added incrementally to a background of smaller cells. Natural phytoplankton communities from surface waters were explicitly characterized according to their dominant cell size and taxonomic group, and the relationships between this classification and the spectral shape of the phytoplankton absorption coefficient for the whole assemblage was described. By specifying the cell size of the dominant organism (pico‐, ultra‐, nano‐, or microplankton), more than 80% of the variability in spectral shape of the phytoplankton absorption coefficient from 400 to 700 nm could be explained. This is a result of the strong covariation of the size of dominant organisms and several factors controlling the spectral shape of the phytoplankton absorption coefficient, such as pigment packaging and concentration of accessory pigments. Consequently, the shapes of phytoplankton absorption spectra can be reproduced using a spectral mixing model, where two spectra, representing the normalized phytoplankton absorption coefficients for the smallest and the largest cells found in our data set, are combined additively, using a single parameter to specify the complementary contribution of each. The differences between reproduced and measured spectra contain taxonomic and physiological information. This parameterization provides a simple tool for extracting ecological information from optical measurements. It can also be used in sensitivity analyses to describe the influence of the dominant cell size of phytoplankton on optical properties of surface waters.
Length–weight relationship of 39 selected reef fishes in the Kenyan coastal artisanal fishery

Length–weight relationships (LWRs) are presented for 39 major fish species in the Kenyan artisanal marine fishery. Captures were made between the years 2001 and 2009. The parameters a and b of the equation W = aLb were estimated. The parameter b ranged from 2.030 (Nomorhamphus weberi) to 3.987 (Lutjanus fulviflamma) with a mean of 3.08 (S.E. 0.02) and 72% of its estimates were between 2.6 and 3.2. Whenever possible, the b values for the species obtained both in this study and some of the previously reported in other studies were compared. The estimated parameters should only be applied to the species analyzed. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
How a distractor influences fixations during the exploration of natural scenes

The distractor effect is a well-established means of studying different aspects of fixation programming during the exploration of visual scenes. In this study, we present a taskirrelevant distractor to participants during the free exploration of natural scenes. We investigate the control and programming of fixations by analyzing fixation durations and locations, and the link between the two. We also propose a simple mixture model evaluated using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm to test the distractor effect on fixation locations, including fixations which did not land on the distractor. The model allows us to quantify the influence of a visual distractor on fixation location relative to scene saliency for all fixations, at distractor onset and during all subsequent exploration. The distractor effect is not just limited to the current fixation, it continues to influence fixations during subsequent exploration. An abrupt change in the stimulus not only increases the duration of the current fixation, it also influences the location of the fixation which occurs immediately afterwards and to some extent, in function of the length of the change, the duration and location of any subsequent fixations. Overall, results from the eye movement analysis and the statistical model suggest that fixation durations and locations are both controlled by direct and indirect mechanisms.
Agronomic and nutritional characteristics of three grass species in the southern region of Mexico

The study was conducted to evaluate the agronomic and nutritional characteristics of 3 grass species in the Zacazonapan municipality in the southern region of Mexico for one-year period. Three pastures were used, with a different grass species established in each of them: Cynodon plectostachyus, Paspalum notatum and Brachiaria decumbens. The agronomic variables evaluated were: net forage accumulation (NFA), and the amounts of stems, leaves, and live and dead matter. Also evaluated were protein content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), digestibility of organic matter (dOM) and metabolizable energy (ME). A randomized block design was used, and data was analyzed using variance analysis, with the Tukey's test used to compare treatment means. There were significant differences among the 3 grass species evaluated, as well as among the evaluation periods (June 2009 to May 2010). In relation to the nutritional variables, there were significant differences among the evaluation periods, but not among the 3 grass species evaluated. It was concluded that the nutrient contents of the grasses were similar and the accumulation of forages were greater during the time period with more precipitation.
The effect of mixing on methane production in a semi-commercial closed digester tank treating palm oil mill effluent.

The performance of a semi-commercial closed digester tank treating palm oil mill effluent(POME) was studied at four different mixing regimes i.e natural mixing (NM), minimal horizontalmixing (MHM), minimal horizontal and vertical mixing (MHVM) and vigorous mixing (VM). Thechemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency recorded satisfactory result at higher than 90%when subjected to the first three mixing regimes but reduced to the lowest of 85% when VM wasapplied. In the NM, MHM and MHVM experiments, the maximum total volatile fatty acids (VFA)concentration in the digester was recorded below the critical level of 1000 mg L. The MHM gave -1 the highest methane productivity at 1.4 m m d in comparison to NM at 1.0 m m dand MHVM 3-3-13-3-1 at 1.1 m m d. This indicates minimal mixing was required to provide good contact between 3-3-1 substrate and microorganisms inside the digester and to release the entrapped biogas at the bottom of the digester. The VM on the other hand was discovered to inhibit the methane production process asmethane was not produced at the end of the experiment and total VFA concentration was alsorecorded high at 3700 mg L. The high total VFA concentration in the system may have disrupted -1 the syntrophic relationship between acidogens and methanogens and inhibited the methanogenesis.
When should radiotherapy be used in lymphoma ?

The dramatic effect of ionizing radiation on Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) tumours was reported as early as 1901, only a short time after Roentgen’s discovery of ‘X-rays’. Subsequently it became clear that lymphomas are typically radiosensitive tumours that die readily after radiation therapy (radiotherapy; RT) from a process that was initially called ‘interphase death’ that we now know as apoptosis. RT produces very high local complete response rates for all lymphoma subtypes and given this high clinical efficacy, it is not surprising that RT has played an important part in the curative treatment of a broad range of lymphomas over the past half century. Over the past decade, however, enthusiasm for using RT as part of combined-modality treatment has waned and many haemato-oncologists now view RT as outdated, unnecessary and simply replaceable with additional cycles of systemic therapy, using immunochemotherapy or other agents. This change in attitude towards RT appears unrelated to efficacy as illustrated in HL, where most experienced oncologists regard RT as the most active ‘drug’. It is perhaps instead related to understandable concerns about late side-effects that have emerged in long-term survivors from the outdated RT techniques and doses used in the past. This brief review will highlight areas of current controversy and where RT should be considered in improving outcome for patients with lymphomas.
Economic viability of Melia volkensii (Gurkii) production on smallholdings in drylands of Kenya

The Melia (Melia volkensii, Gurkii) was being promoted in the drylands of Kenya as a source of wood biomass for domestic and commercial purposes. However, little was known about its profitability in smallholder production systems. This study established economic viability of Melia using net present value (NPV) and annual equivalent value (AEV) on data collected from 92 smallholder farmers and 20 processors/traders in four drylands districts of Kenya. Results showed that one hectare (ha) under Melia required an investment of US$ 15,586 (discounted to 2010 prices) for a 10 year rotation cycle, covering tree establishment to timber production. Harvesting and processing jointly done together were the most expensive operations, contributing about 85% i.e US$ 13,184 of total cost. Fencing, commonly done using tree branches, was the least expensive operation (0.1% of total cost). Profitability of Melia depended on extent of integration into existing farming systems, market outlets and level of value adding. The highest profitability was achieved when intercropped with green grams at initial stages of establishment accompanied with value adding into timber. In this situation, one ha of Melia stand gave NPV of US$ 15,128 translating to a discounted annual profit margin of US$ 2,055 for 10 years. Comparatively, profitability of Melia was higher than Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Grevillea robusta in a similar environment. Although Melia had economic and ecological benefits in drylands, product value addition was a prerequisite to realizing good returns.