Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ROCK‐2 Is Associated With Focal Adhesion Maturation During Myoblast Migration

Satellite cell migration is critical for skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Controlled cell migration is dependent on the formation of mature focal adhesions between the cell and the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). These cell–ECM interactions trigger the activation of signalling events such as the Rho/ROCK pathway. We have previously identified a specific role for ROCK‐2 during myoblast migration. In this study we report that ROCK inhibition with Y‐27632 increases C2C12 myoblast velocity, but at the expense of directional migration. In response to Y‐27632 an increased number of smaller focal adhesions were distributed across adhesion sites that in turn were clearly larger than sites in untreated cells, suggesting a reduction in focal adhesion maturation. We also confirm ROCK‐2 localisation to the focal adhesion sites in migrating myoblasts and demonstrate a change in the distribution of these ROCK‐2 containing adhesions in response to Y‐27632. Taken together, our observations provide further proof that ROCK‐2 regulates directional myoblast migration through focal adhesion formation and maturation. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1299–1307, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dilated cardiomyopathy due to miliary tuberculosis.

1. Hacıbayramoğlu M, Werba T, Schmidt A, Klepzig H. Angina pectoris in consequence of subtotal subclavian artery stenosis 2 years after CABG. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 58: 47-9. [CrossRef] 2. Andros G, Schneider PA, Harris RW, Dulawa LB, Oblath RW, Salles-Cunha SX. Management of arterial occlusive disease following radiation therapy. Cardiovasc Surg 1996; 4: 135-42. [CrossRef] 3. Smith TP, Halbach VV, Fraser KW, Teitelbaum GP, Dowd CF, Higashida RT. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of subclavian stenosis from neurofibromatosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995; 16(4 Suppl): 872-4. 4. Tyagi S, Verma PK, Gambhir DS, Kaul UA, Saha R, Arora R. Early and long-term results of subclavian angioplasty in aortoarteritis (Takayasu disease): comparison with atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1998; 21: 219-24. [CrossRef] 5. Cingöz F, Bingöl H, Özal E, Tatar H. Coronary subclavian steal syndrome in a patient with Behçet's disease. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 58: 244-6. [CrossRef] 6. Lobato EB, Kern KB, Bauder-Heit J, Hughes L, Sulek CA. Incidence of coronary-subclavian steal syndrome in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2001; 15: 689-92. [CrossRef] 7. Sadek MM, Ravindran A, Marcuzzi DW, Chisholm RJ. Complete occlusion of the proximal subclavian artery post-CABG: presentation and treatment. Can J Cardiol 2008; 24: 591-2. [CrossRef] 8. Marshall WG Jr, Miller EC, Kouchoukos NT. The coronary-subclavian steal syndrome: report of a case and recommendations for prevention and management. Ann Thorac Surg 1988; 46: 93-6. [CrossRef] 9. Zebele C, Özdemir HI, Hamad MA. Coronary ischemia due to subclavian stenosis after arterial revascularization. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2011; 19: 169-71. [CrossRef] 10. Ribichini F, Maffè S, Ferrero V, Cotroneo A, Vassanelli C. Percutaneous angioplasty of the subclavian artery in patients with mammary-coronary bypass grafts. J Interv Cardiol 2005; 18: 39-44. [CrossRef]
Syme's amputation; the technical details essential for success.

The details in technique which are most essential to ensure a perfect Syme9s stump are the provision of a broad area of support for the heel flap by transecting the tibia and fibula as low as possible; the maintaining intact of the specialised weight-bearing qualities of the heel flap; and the proper placement of the heel flap under the cut ends of the tibia and fibula. If these aims are achieved a good and useful stump is assured; if they are neglected the stump will be imperfect and may be unsatisfactory and no further operation can restore the qualities of the heel flap which are lacking. It must be recorded, however, that Syme9s stumps which are not technically perfect often function so well that there has been no need to consider re-amputation. A loose heel pad can be held beneath the end of the bone by firm lacing of the corset of the prosthesis.If its area of bony support is reasonably large it may serve well, though not perfectly, as an end-bearing stump. Syme9s stumps so completely unsatisfactory as to necessitate re-amputation have been those in which the plane of transection of the tibia is so high that the area supporting the heel flap is too small; or the weight-bearing qualities of the heel flap have been damaged; or there is instability of the heel flap which cannot be controlled; or there is impairment of nutrition of the heel flap.
First trimester amniocentesis between the seventh and 13th weeks: Evaluation of the earliest possible genetic diagnosis

Amniocentesis performed at the 12th week and later gives reliable results. The procedure can be performed using regimens developed for mid‐trimester amniotic fluid (AF) cells. Extension to the 10th–11th week is, in principle, feasible. However, the high cytogenetic failure rate is a difficulty and despite a high clone count, the culture time is prolonged. The problem of the relatively high loss of AF could be overcome by cell filtration techniques and replacement of the fluid. Because of the short turnover rate of the AF, this may be unnecessary or replacement with an isotonic solution may be sufficient. (Pseudo)mosaicism appears to occur more frequently in early than in late amniocentesis. As yet, data are too sparse to allow a comparison with chorionic villus sampling. There are no reliable follow‐up data from which to estimate the abortion rate and the number of embryonic malformations.
On uncoordinated transmission over the T-user q-ary noiseless multiple-access channel

A coding-decoding strategy for the noiseless T-user q-ary multiple-access channel is presented where no cooperation between the users is needed, neither in the code construction nor in the decoding process. Statistics for the received symbols as a function of q and T are given, and the cutoff rate for the channel is defined and evaluated. Finally, computer simulations are presented to support the results found.
Gibberellin concentration and transport in genetic lines of pea : effects of grafting.

Effects of the Na and Le loci on gibberellin (GA) content and transport in pea (Pisum sativum L.) shoots were studied. GA(1), GA(8), GA(17), GA(19), GA(20), GA(29), GA(44), GA(8) catabolite, and GA(29) catabolite were identified by full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in extracts of expanding and fully expanded tissues of line C79-338 (Na Le). Quantification of GAs by gas chromatography-single-ion monitoring using deuterated internal standards in lines differing at the Na and Le alleles showed that na reduced the contents of GA(19), GA(20), and GA(29) on average to <3% and of GA(1) and GA(8) to <30% of those in corresponding Na lines. In expanding tissues from Na le lines, GA(1) and GA(8) concentrations were reduced to approximately 10 and 2%, respectively, and GA(29) content increased 2- to 3-fold compared with those in Na Le plants. There was a close correlation between stem length and the concentrations of GA(1) or GA(8) in shoot apices in all six genotypes investigated. In na/Na grafts, internode length and GA(1) concentration of nana scions were normalized, the GA(20) content increased slightly, but GA(19) levels were unaffected. Movement of labeled GAs applied to leaves on Na rootstocks indicated that GA(19) was transported poorly to apices of na scions compared with GA(20) and GA(1). Our evidence suggests that GA(20) is the major transported GA in peas.
Salmonella in healthy pigs: prevalence, serotype diversity and antimicrobial resistance observed during 1998–1999 and 2004–2005 in Japan

SUMMARY To determine prevalence, serotype diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in healthy pigs, faecal samples from 6771 pigs on 73 farms collected during 1998–1999 and 2004–2005 were examined. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and tested for susceptibility to 22 antimicrobials: benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, cephaloridine, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, fradiomycin, colistin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. Farm-level and pig-level Salmonella prevalences were 35·5% and 2·2% in 1998–1999, and 35·7% and 3·3% in 2004–2005. Prevalence by growth stage was 2·4% for sows, 3·3% for weaned pigs, 2·7% for fattening pigs and 3·8% for finishing pigs. The predominant serotypes identified were Agona (28·4%), Typhimurium (17·9%) and Infantis (16·4%) in 1998–1999, and Typhimurium (32·5%), Anatum (24·6%) and Infantis (13·5%) in 2004–2005. Compared with the 1998–1999 isolates, the 2004–2005 isolates showed significantly higher rates of resistance to all the antimicrobials except tetracyclines (P<0·01 to P<0·05) and resistance to ⩾2 antimicrobials [19·4% (13/67) vs. 39·7% (50/126), P<0·01]. This study provides national estimates of Salmonella prevalence in healthy pigs of different growth stages in Japan.
Pupillary responses to light in chronic non-blast-induced mTBI

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate objectively and quantitatively human pupillary responses to a light stimulus under photopic conditions in individuals with non-blast-induced, chronic, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Methods: Seventeen individuals with chronic, non-blast-induced mTBI and 15 visually-normal (VN) controls were tested (aged 21–45 years). Pupillary responsivity to a brief step-input light stimulus was assessed objectively in each eye for 5 seconds using the Neuroptics PLR-200 monocular, hand-held pupillometer with its pre-set and automated eight parameter analysis. Results: Five of the eight parameters assessed were significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) in the mTBI group as compared to the VN control group: maximum (or peak) constriction velocity, average constriction velocity, average dilation velocity, maximum diameter and amplitude of constriction. The remaining three parameters were similar in each group (p > 0.05): constriction latency, 75% dilation recovery time and minimum diameter. Conclusions: The slowed dilation dynamics and reduced maximum pupillary diameter in mTBI suggest deficiency primarily of the sympathetic control system. The reduced peak velocities and related amplitudes suggest subtle parasympathetic involvement.
Efficacy and Safety of Topical Atorvastatin for the Treatment of Dry Eye Associated with Blepharitis: A Pilot Study

Aims: To elucidate if topically applied atorvastatin safely decreases corneal fluorescein staining in dry eyes associated with blepharitis. Methods: Ten dry eye and blepharitis (DEB) patients were enroled in a prospective pilot study. All patients were treated with topical atorvastatin (50 μM) 8 times a day for 4 weeks and allowed to continue with their existing dry eye treatment. The patients were examined weekly for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was corneal fluorescein staining. Secondary outcome measures were tear film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I testing, blepharitis score and bulbar conjunctival injection. The subjective efficacy was evaluated with global symptom and facial analogue scores. Results: An improvement in corneal fluorescein staining in the treated eye by >1 point from baseline to completion of the trial at week 4 was found in 9 of 10 patients (p < 0.01). Topical atorvastatin significantly improved the tear film BUT (p < 0.01), blepharitis score (p < 0.05) and bulbar conjunctival injection (p < 0.05). The global symptom score and facial analogue score also improved (p < 0.05). There were no side effects. Conclusion: Topical atorvastatin is a potential therapy for DEB patients. Larger comparative clinical studies are required to establish the efficacy and safety of topical atorvastatin.
Assessment of Nutritional Status, Nutritional Knowledge and Impact of Nutrition Education among Selected Sports Persons of Coimbatore District

Background: Nutrition plays an important role for attaining high level of achievement in sports and athletics, besides other factors such as motivation, skill, techniques, commitment, physical fitness and training. Studies suggest that athletes lack knowledge of nutrition, healthy food choices, components of a well-balanced diet, and the implications of nutrition on performance. Objectives: The aim of this study was to improve the science based knowledge of the role of nutrition in sports among those involved in athletic performance. Methods: One hundred sports persons (20-35 yrs) were selected through the purposive random sampling method from two different colleges situated in Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu, India. Athlete's nutritional status was assessed by gathering information on the Anthropometry, Biochemical parameters, Dietary intake and imparting Education. All the selected samples completed the well structured, standardized and pretested interview schedule. Nutrition education was imparted to the participants at the end of the study. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: The results of the anthropometric measurement showed that majority (55 percent) of the selected sportspersons were underweight. The hemoglobin levels showed that about 60% of selected sports person were anemic. There exists an inadequacy in dietary intake of important nutrients. The study showed the sports person lack nutrition knowledge. Nutrition education improved their mean awareness score from 7.75±3.52 to 15.35±4.43. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that nutritional status of selected sports persons in Coimbatore district was poor. There exists a dietary inadequacy of both macro and micronutrients. Nutrition education has definitely improved the nutritional knowledge of the selected sports person.
Bayesian Analysis of Hierarchical Multifidelity Codes

This paper deals with the Gaussian process--based approximation of a code which can be run at different levels of accuracy. This method, which is a particular case of cokriging, allows us to improve a surrogate model of a complex computer code using fast approximations of it. In particular, we focus on the case of a large number of code levels on the one hand and on a Bayesian approach when we have two levels on the other hand. The main results of this paper are a new approach to estimating the model parameters which provides a closed form expression for an important parameter of the model (the scale factor), a reduction of the numerical complexity by simplifying the covariance matrix inversion, and a new Bayesian modeling that gives an explicit representation of the joint distribution of the parameters and that is not computationally expensive. A thermodynamic example is used to illustrate the comparison between 2-level and 3-level cokriging.
The brachial plexus in the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus)

Abstract: The brachial plexus in each of ten embalmed, mature chacma baboons was dissected to document the structure and branching pattern of this nerve plexus in this increasingly used research animal. In general, the brachial plexus in the chacma baboon was similar to the plexuses in the vervet and other Old World monkeys. However, several aspects were comparable to those observed in domestic animals. Thus the bipedal and quadrupedal abilities of the chacma baboon were reflected in the structure of its brachial plexus.
Statistical estimation of root mean square crosstalk in SFP+ cable evaluations

A rigorous statistical estimation of the root mean square equation is proposed for near-end crosstalk simulation in SFP+ cable evaluations. This method employs the pulse response, the near-end output in the victim pair due to a single-pulse input of one bit long in the aggressor pair. This pulse response can be obtained from vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements. Thus SFP+ cable evaluations can be effectively performed using easier and more accurate frequency-domain measurements, instead of the time-domain ones defined in the specification.
Agency and learning in the lifecourse: Towards an ecological perspective

Abstract This paper is a contribution to understanding the relationship between agency and learning in the lifecourse. The contribution is mainly of a theoretical and a conceptual nature in that a particular notion of agency is used that enables agency to be conceived as something that is achieved, rather than possessed, through the active engagement of individuals with aspects of their contexts-for-action. We refer to this as an ecological understanding of agency. On the part of the actor, such engagements are characterised by particular configurations of routine, purpose and judgement. The argument is made that learning about the particular composition of one's agentic orientations and how they play out in one's life can play an important role in the achievement of agency, and that life-narratives, stories about one's life, can be an important vehicle for such learning. We explore the potential of this approach through a discussion of aspects of the learning (auto-) biographies of two participants in the Learning Lives project, a three-year longitudinal study of learning in the lifecourse. The paper concludes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the approach and an indication of questions for further research.
Postnatal expression and induction by pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2 in rat liver.

Newborn rats are more sensitive to the toxic effects of cardiac glycosides than are adult rats. This is associated with a decreased ability to remove cardiac glycosides from blood into the liver. Pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN), a prototypical rodent CYP3A inducer and pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) ligand, stimulates the hepatic clearance of cardiac glycosides in newborn rats, which results in decreased toxicity of the cardiac glycosides. The mechanism responsible for this phenomenon is not clear; however, if elucidated, it would help in understanding and preventing potential drug-drug interactions. The recently cloned rat organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2 (oatp2) (Slc21a5) is a sinusoidal hepatic uptake transporter, with very high affinities for cardiac glycosides, and thus it was hypothesized that rat oatp2 increases during postnatal development and is inducible by PCN. In the present study, livers were removed from Sprague-Dawley rats from postnatal days (pnd) 0 to 45, in 5-day increments; as well as from pnd 10 to 90, in 10-day increments, after PCN (75 mg/kg i.p., for 4 days) or corn oil (vehicle for PCN) treatment. The protein and mRNA levels of rat oatp2 were determined by Western blot analysis and branched DNA signal amplification technique, respectively. Expression of rat oatp2 protein and mRNA increased gradually during postnatal development. PCN treatment increased liver to body weight ratio in both genders, and dramatically accelerated the maturation of hepatic oatp2 protein and mRNA levels. In summary, rat oatp2 undergoes age-dependent and chemical regulation during postnatal development, and is a potential target for drug-drug and age-drug interactions.
Interaction between transcellular and paracellular water transport pathways through Aquaporin 5 and the tight junction complex

To investigate potential physiological interactions between the transcellular and paracellular pathways of water transport, we asked whether targeted deletion of Aquaporin 5 (AQP5), the major transcellular water transporter in salivary acinar cells, affected paracellular transport of 4-kDa FITC-labeled dextran (FITC-D), which is transported through the paracellular but not the transcellular route. After i.v. injection of FITC-D into either AQP5 wild-type or AQP5−/− mice and saliva collection for fixed time intervals, we show that the relative amount of FITC-D transported in the saliva of AQP5−/− mice is half that in matched AQP5+/+ mice, indicating a 2-fold decrease in permeability of the paracellular barrier in mice lacking AQP5. We also found a significant difference in the proportion of transcellular vs. paracellular transport between male and female mice. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed an increase in the number of tight junction strands of both AQP5+/+ and AQP5−/− male mice after pilocarpine stimulation but no change in strand number in female mice. Average acinar cell volume was increased by ≈1.4-fold in glands from AQP5−/− mice, suggesting an alteration in the volume-sensing machinery of the cell. Western blots revealed that expression of Claudin-7, Claudin-3, and Occludin, critical proteins that regulate the permeability of the tight junction barrier, were significantly decreased in AQP5−/− compared with AQP5+/+ salivary glands. These findings reveal the existence of a gender-influenced molecular mechanism involving AQP5 that allows transcellular and paracellular routes of water transport to act in conjunction.
MATERNAL DOMINANCE RANK AND AGE AFFECT OFFSPRING SEX RATIO IN PIGTAIL MACAQUES

Abstract This study tested some predictions of the local-resource-competition hypothesis and local-resource-enhancement hypothesis of sex-biased maternal investment in a population of pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina leonina). Offspring sex ratios in high- and low-ranking matrilines were biased in opposite directions as predicted. Sex ratio in the middle-ranking matriline was female biased similar to the high-ranking matrilines but became increasingly male biased with maternal age, similar to the low-ranking matrilines. Interbirth intervals following surviving daughters were longer than those following sons, irrespective of rank, suggesting that daughters were more costly to rear than sons. Infant mortality was not significantly different for sons and daughters. The findings of this study are consistent with some, but not all, of the predictions of local-resource-competition and local-resource-enhancement hypotheses and suggest that middle-ranking mothers have specific investment strategies that change in relation to their age.
The high‐pathogenicity island of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis can be inserted into any of the three chromosomal asn tRNA genes

Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) have been identified in several bacterial species. A PAI called high‐pathogenicity island (HPI) and carrying genes involved in iron acquisition (yersiniabactin system) has been previously identified in Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pestis. In this study, the HPI of the third species of Yersinia pathogenic for humans, Y. pseudotuberculosis, has been characterized. We demonstrate that the HPI of strain IP32637 has a physical and genetic map identical to that of Y. pestis. A gene homologous to the bacteriophage P4 integrase gene is located downstream of the asn tRNA locus that borders the HPI of strain IP32637. This int gene is at the same position on the HPI of all three pathogenic Yersinia species. However, in contrast to Y. pestis 6/69, the HPI of Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32637 is not invariably adjacent to the pigmentation segment and can be inserted at a distance ≥ 190 kb from this segment. Also, in contrast to Y. pestis and Y. enterocolitica, the HPI of Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32637 can precisely excise from the chromosome, and, strikingly, it can be found inserted in any of the three asn tRNA loci present on the chromosome of this species, one of which is adjacent to the pigmentation segment. The pigmentation segment, which is present in Y. pestis but not in Y. enterocolitica, is also present and well conserved in all strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis studied. In contrast, the presence and size of the HPIs vary depending on the serotype of the strain: an entire HPI is found in strains of serotypes I only, a HPI with a 9 kb truncation in its left‐hand part that carries the IS100 sequence and the psn and ybtE genes characterizes the strains of serotype III, and no HPI is found in strains of serotypes II, IV and V.