Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid Responses to 2 Virus-Like Particle Norovirus Vaccine Candidate Formulations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND Noroviruses pose a significant public health risk, particularly in very young individuals, older adults, and individuals with underlying conditions. We assessed 2 bivalent norovirus virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidate formulations in healthy adults aged 18-49 years. METHODS Enrolled subjects (n = 454) randomly assigned among 3 groups received intramuscular placebo (saline) or vaccines containing either 15 µg or 50 µg of GI.1 VLP and 50 µg GII.4 VLP (15/50 and 50/50 formulations) adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid A and Al(OH)3 We present safety and immunogenicity assessments up to 28 days after vaccination. RESULTS No vaccine-related serious adverse events or adverse events of special interest were reported. Reactions were mainly mild to moderate, the most frequent being transient pain, in 8%, 64%, and 73% of placebo, 15/50, and 50/50 groups, respectively; transient myalgia, headache, and fatigue were the commonest systemic adverse events. Subjects assessed per protocol (n = 442) displayed rapid immune responses to vaccination, peaking by days 7-10 and persisting through day 28. GI.1 responses were highest with the 50/50 formulation, but GII.4 responses were higher with the 15/50 formulation. CONCLUSIONS Both candidate VLP vaccines were well tolerated and elicited robust immune responses by 7-10 days that persisted through day 28. The 15/50 formulation displayed the best balance of tolerability and immunogenicity. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02142504.
The Relationship between Self-esteem, General Health and Academic Achievement in Students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Controversial reports are available about the relationship between students’ self-esteem, and their academic achievement and general health. Since these reports are mainly based on studies in high school students, this study was performed to determine the relationship between self-esteem, general health and academic achievement in students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a sample of 512 students (168 male and 344 female) from 8 schools were randomly selected through multistage random sampling during autumn 2005. Data was gathered by demographic and achievement questionnaire, Copper-Smith inventory (for assessing self-esteem) and Goldberg Health Questionnaire (to assess general health). The results were analyzed by SPSS-13 using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regressions. Results: The mean score and standard deviation for self-esteem were 17.6±4.6 (out of 25), for general health were 20.9±4.13(out of 84) and average grade point was 15.6±1.6 (out of 20). There were no significant correlations between self-esteem, and achievement. A significantly negative correlation between self-esteem and general health was seen (r=0.59). However, the difference between probationary and non-probationary students; in terms of self-esteem and general health was significant. Predictive factors for grade point average were sex, residence, and being in probation. Conclusion: There was not a strong correlation between students’ academic achievement and their general health and self-esteem, but, self-esteem and general health were correlated. It seems that students’ academic achievement is influenced by other factors.
Urinary tract infection among apparently healthy commercial transport workers in Ekpoma and its environs within Edo State, Nigeria.

This study was designed to establish the prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among healthy-male commercial transport workers (taxi drivers and motor-cycle riders) in Ekpoma and its environs within Edo State, Nigeria. Eighty (80) urine samples were collected and using standard laboratory procedures, the prevalence of asymptomatic UTI was determined. The results showed that out of the 80 samples investigated, only 9 (11.3%) of them had asymptomatic UTI with a higher occurrence in samples obtained from taxi drivers and those within the age range of 35 - 45 years. None of the 29 motorcycle riders within the age range of 25 – 34 had UTI while 2 out of the 18 taxi drivers with age 25 – 34 had UTI. For those within the age range of 35 – 45, only 3 out of the 21 motorcycle riders and 4 out of the 12 taxi drivers had UTI respectively. In addition, Klebsiella auregenes and Pseudomonas auruginosa were the predominant isolates; with age playing a prominent factor. Therefore, as road safety campaigns are encouraged for transport workers, concerted efforts must also be made to enlighten them on the need to avoid risky sexual behaviours including drug and alcohol abuse. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections, Asymptomatic UTI, Personal hygiene, Transport workers.
Emerging challenges in the design of selective substrates, inhibitors and activity‐based probes for indistinguishable proteases

Proteases are enzymes that hydrolyze the peptide bond of peptide substrates and proteins. Despite significant progress in recent years, one of the greatest challenges in the design and testing of substrates, inhibitors and activity‐based probes for proteolytic enzymes is achieving specificity toward only one enzyme. This specificity is particularly important if the enzyme is present with other enzymes with a similar catalytic mechanism and substrate specificity but completely different functionality. The cross‐reactivity of substrates, inhibitors and activity‐based probes with other enzymes can significantly impair or even prevent investigations of a target protease. In this review, we describe important concepts and the latest challenges, focusing mainly on peptide‐based substrate specificity techniques used to distinguish individual enzymes within major protease families.
Association of Higher Continuity of Primary Care with Lower Risk of Hospitalization among Children and Adolescent Patients

This study aims to describe levels and distribution of the continuity of primary care among children and adolescent patients who are 2-19 years old, and analyze the effects of it on the risk of hospitalization. Study population was 2-19 year old child and adolescent patients as of 2002, who had more than three ambulatory care visits in the years of 2002-3 and whose most frequent provider was the primary care practices (189,660 persons). Association of levels of primary care with the risk of hospitalization was evaluated using multiple event survival analysis. Outcome variables were whether the patient had hospitalized or not, and whether the patient had hospitalized due to ambulatory care-sensitive conditions or not. Multiple event survival analysis revealed statistically significant association of the levels of primary care with the risk of hospitalization. Hazard ratio was 1.34 [1.27-1.41] at the medium level of continuity and 1.47 [1.39-1.55] at the lower level where outcome variable was whether the patient had been hospitalized or not. Hazard ratios were 1.35 [1.21-1.50] at the medium level of continuity and 1.60 [1.44-1.78] at the lower level, where outcome variable was whether the patient been had hospitalized due to ambulatory care-sensitive conditions or not. This study produced some evidences on the benefits of continuity of care, which will in turn support the introduction of personal doctor registration program in the future.
Typhoid Intestinal Perforations in a Tropical Tertiary Health Facility: A Prospective Study.

Background: Despite decades of improvement in patient care globally, typhoid intestinal perforation remains a frequently fatal illness in the developing world. This study aimed at determining the factors that influenced the outcome of surgical management of typhoid intestinal perforation in Sagamu, South-West Nigeria. Methods: Twenty-three consecutive adult cases managed between January 2006 and December 2008 at the surgical department of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu were studied prospectively. Patients received parental ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone in addition to metronidazole. They all had laparotomy after adequate resuscitation. Patients in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class VE were operated upon under local anaesthesia, intravenous ketamine and diazepam. Results: There were 13 males and 10 females with a male to female sex ratio of 1.3:1. The ages ranged from 19 to 51 years. Seventeen (73.9%) patients were aged between 20 and 34years.Two patients, one each from ASA grades IVE and VE, died on 1st and 2nd postoperative days respectively. The mortality of 8.7% was significantly associated with ASA class (P= 0.040). ASA class was strongly associated with severity of peritonitis (P=0.021). Complications occurred in 11 (47.8%) patients. Ten (43.5%) developed wound infection and one (4.3%) an entercutaenous fecal fistula. Wound infection was significantly associated with method of closure of perforation (P=0.034), and number of perforations (P=0.007). Conclusion: This study has shown that ASA class is a significant predictor of mortality in patients treated for typhoid intestinal perforation in our centre. We recommend that patients in ASA classes IV and V should have post-operative intensive care to reduce the risk of death.
A influência da obesidade na musculatura do assoalho pélvico em mulheres continentes

A continencia urinaria depende da integridade anatomica e funcional do assoalho pelvico. Porem existem varios fatores que interferem neste mecanismo, entre eles a obesidade. Objetivo: Avaliar e identificar o impacto da obesidade sobre a forca da musculatura do assoalho pelvico por meio de tecnicas subjetivas e objetivas. Metodologia: Foram estudadas 28 mulheres acima de 30 anos distribuidas em 2 grupos, G1(n=15) pre-obesas e G2 (n=13) obesas. A avaliacao subjetiva foi realizada por meio palpacao digital da vagina e avaliacao objetiva por meio do uso do perineometro. Resultados: Ao analisar a forca muscular (FM) por meio do perineometro e avaliacao funcional do assoalho pelvico (AFA) em ambos os grupos, foi encontrada fraca correlacao entre indice de massa corporea (IMC) e FM (r=0,026; R2=0,0007). A correlacao IMC com AFA e tempo foi fraca (rs=0,15) e 68,8% foram classificadas como sedentarias. Conclusao: A obesidade nao interferiu na forca muscular e nem na funcao da musculatura do assoalho pelvico, mas ha necessidade de aumentar o numero de pacientes e realizar novas pesquisas
Use of an Anopheles Salivary Biomarker to Assess Malaria Transmission Risk Along the Thailand-Myanmar Border

Background The modalities of malaria transmission along the Thailand-Myanmar border are poorly understood. Here we address the relevance of using a specific Anopheles salivary biomarker to measure the risk among humans of exposure to Anopheles bites. Methods Serologic surveys were conducted from May 2013 to December 2014 in 4 sentinel villages. More than 9400 blood specimens were collected in filter papers from all inhabitants at baseline and then every 3 months thereafter, for up to 18 months, for analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between the intensity of the human antibody response and entomological indicators of transmission (human biting rates and entomological inoculation rates [EIRs]) was studied using a multivariate 3-level mixed model analysis. Heat maps for human immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses for each village and survey time point were created using QGIS 2.4. Results The levels of IgG response among participants varied significantly according to village, season, and age (P<.001) and were positively associated with the abundance of total Anopheles species and primary malaria vectors and the EIR (P<.001). Spatial clusters of high-IgG responders were identified across space and time within study villages. Conclusions The gSG6-P1 biomarker has great potential to address the risk of transmission along the Thailand-Myanmar border and represents a promising tool to guide malaria interventions.
Reprogramming of histone methylation controls the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages

Subset heterogeneity of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) is controlled by defined transcriptional networks and programs; however, the dynamic establishment of programs that control broad, orchestrated expression of transcription factors (TFs) during the progression of monocyte‐into‐phagocyte (MP) differentiation remains largely unexplored. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we show the extensive trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) as well as histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) occupancy with broad footprints at the promoters of MP differentiation‐related TFs, such as HOXA and FOXO genes, KLF4, IRF8 and others. The rapid repression of HOXA genes was closely associated with the MP differentiation program. H3K4me3 participates in regulating HOXA genes at mild and terminal differentiation periods, while H3K27me3 maintains low‐level expression of HOXA genes at phagocytic maintenance periods. Furthermore, the reprogramming of H3K27me3 plays a major role in the up‐regulation of KLF4 and FOXO genes during MP differentiation. Importantly, the pharmacological inhibition of H3K4me3 and/or H3K27me3 strikingly promotes the differentiation programs of THP‐1 and K562 cells. Together, these findings elucidate mechanisms crucial to the dynamic establishment of epigenetic memory, which is central to the maintenance of the MP differentiation blockade.
Nonsurgical Treatment for Posttraumatic Complete Facial Nerve Paralysis

Importance Current recommendations envisage early surgical exploration for complete facial nerve paralysis associated with temporal bone fracture and unfavorable electrophysiologic features (response to electroneuronography, <5%). However, the evidence base for such a practice is weak, with the potential for spontaneous improvement being unknown, and the expected results from alternative nonsurgical treatment also undefined. Objective To document the results of nonsurgical treatment for posttraumatic complete facial paralysis with undisplaced temporal bone fracture and unfavorable electrophysiologic features. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort study recruiting from April 2010 to April 2013 at a tertiary care university hospital. Follow-up continued until 9 months or until complete recovery if earlier. Study group included 28 patients with head injury–associated complete unilateral facial nerve paralysis with unfavorable results of electroneuronography (<5% response) with or without undisplaced temporal bone fracture. Undisplaced temporal bone fractures were documented in 26 patients (24 longitudinal fractures and 2 transverse fractures). Interventions Patients received prednisolone, 1 mg/kg, for 3 weeks combined with clinical monitoring every 2 weeks and electromyography monitoring every 4 weeks. As per study protocol, surgical exploration was limited to patients demonstrating motor end plate degeneration on results of electromyography, or having no improvement until 18 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures Facial nerve function was evaluated by the House-Brackmann grading system; Forehead, Eye, Mouth, and Associated defect grading system; and the modified Adour system. Observations were completed at 40 weeks. Results Among the 28 patients in the study (3 women and 25 men; mean [SD] age, 32.2 [8.7] years), facial nerve recovery with conservative treatment alone was noted in all patients. No recovery was seen in any patient at the initial 4-week review. The first signs of clinical recovery were noted in 4 patients by 8 weeks, in 27 patients by 12 weeks, and in all patients by 20 weeks. No patient required surgical exploration. At 40 weeks, 27 patients recovered to House-Brackmann grade I/II and 1 patient to grade III. All 24 patients with longitudinal fractures had grade I/II recovery. Conclusions and Relevance For undisplaced temporal bone fractures, nonsurgical treatment leads to near-universal recovery to House-Brackmann grade I/II and is superior to reported surgical results. Recovery is delayed and usually first manifests at 8 to 12 weeks after the fracture. In the current era of high-resolution computed tomography, surgical exploration should not be first-line treatment for undisplaced longitudingal temporal bone fractures associated with complete facial nerve paralysis and unfavorable electrophysiologic features.
Reasons for non-compliance Among Patients Treated under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) and Their Treatment Outcome after Structured counsel-ling

To judge for reasons of interrupting the treatment as told by patient himself/herself and see for adherence to therapy and treatment outcome after counselling. Methods All patients with history of interrupting the treatment presenting to chest OPD were included in this study. Counselling was done by medical officer on first interaction and by health care worker (as guidance of medical officer) subsequently. Reasons for interrupting the treatment were noted. Patients and their relatives were counselled about the urgent need for strict adherence to therapy with special focus on reasons for which that particular patient had defaulted. Results: Total 56 patients were included in the study during First Quarter of year 2007. Treatment outcomes of 40 patients were available. 6 out of them had interrupted the treatment(15%) (National figures: 19% and Maharashtra: 21%), 13 patients died during the treatment (5 of them were Cat 2 defaulters). Multiple reasons for interrupting the treatment were present. Most common reasons were alcoholism and feeling of relief with treatment (46.4%). Conclusion: There is an urgent need for stressing upon counselling during Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) sensitization and training. Medical officers can play an important role reducing the defaulter rate by counselling of patient and their relatives.
Intraflagellar transport: mechanisms of motor action, cooperation, and cargo delivery

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a form of motor‐dependent cargo transport that is essential for the assembly, maintenance, and length control of cilia, which play critical roles in motility, sensory reception, and signal transduction in virtually all eukaryotic cells. During IFT, anterograde kinesin‐2 and retrograde IFT dynein motors drive the bidirectional transport of IFT trains that deliver cargo, for example, axoneme precursors such as tubulins as well as molecules of the signal transduction machinery, to their site of assembly within the cilium. Following its discovery in Chlamydomonas, IFT has emerged as a powerful model system for studying general principles of motor‐dependent cargo transport and we now appreciate the diversity that exists in the mechanism of IFT within cilia of different cell types. The absence of heterotrimeric kinesin‐2 function, for example, causes a complete loss of both IFT and cilia in Chlamydomonas, but following its loss in Caenorhabditis elegans, where its primary function is loading the IFT machinery into cilia, homodimeric kinesin‐2‐driven IFT persists and assembles a full‐length cilium. Generally, heterotrimeric kinesin‐2 and IFT dynein motors are thought to play widespread roles as core IFT motors, whereas homodimeric kinesin‐2 motors are accessory motors that mediate different functions in a broad range of cilia, in some cases contributing to axoneme assembly or the delivery of signaling molecules but in many other cases their ciliary functions, if any, remain unknown. In this review, we focus on mechanisms of motor action, motor cooperation, and motor‐dependent cargo delivery during IFT.
Relationship between job burnout and mental health of nurses working in province of Qom

Background: Job Burnout is one of the important factors to reduce productivity, making mental and physical adverse effects on jobs related to human services and losing efficient manpower by considering the important role of nurses in the health care systems. This study has been done to survey the association between mental health and job burnout syndrome among nurses’ staff in training hospitals in Qom province. Materials & Methods: This is an analytic-descriptive study which has been performed among 200 nurses personnel in the training hospitals of Qom province with applying proboblity multistage statistical method.Three quetionnaires including demographic data,general health and Maslachs Burnout questionnaire (Inventory) were used to data gathering by which validity and reliability were certified in the previous studies. Data analyzed by SPSS18. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, inferential statistics (Chi-square test and correlation coefficient of spearman and pearson) and also man-whitney test applied. Results: Average score of job burnout was 60.8. Respecting general health, 53% of nurses was in danger. Average score of emotional fatique,the personalization and personal accomplishment was 27.2,12.17 and 21.7,respectively. 50 percent of nurses had physical dysfunction,44.5% suffered from anxiety and sleep disorders, 32.5 and 44.5% had social dysfunction and depression, respectively. There was a significant correlation between burnout syndrome and general health. Based on the spearman correlation test, there was a significant correlation between emotional fatique and physical disorders, anxiety and sleep disorders and social dysfunction. Conclusion: Regarding srtessful nature of nursing job and high prevalence of disorders in general and mental health of nurses incomparision to others and also high prevalence of burnout among nurses in Qom province,it is nesecary to decrease these sort of problems through applying arrangements such as enhancing motivation, increasing work stability, increasing job satisfaction, clearance in how individuals respond to take actions and tasks division among personnels to reduce workload.
CAPACITAÇÃO DO AGENTE COMUNITÁRIO DE SAÚDE VISANDO REORGANIZAÇÃO DO RASTREAMENTO DO CÂNCER DO COLO DO ÚTERO Training of Community Health Agent seeking reorganization of the uterine cervical cancer screening

The most important component of primary prevention of uterine cervical cancer is the high coverage of target population, however, our scenario is in excess of controls in a small percentage of women target. In regions where the Family Health Strategy was implemented there is a favorable scenario for the reorganization of screening for uterine cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acquisition of knowledge of Community Health Workers after training on the prevention of uterine cervical cancer. After the training significantly improved the knowledge of Community Health Agents about the purpose of Pap smear testing, ideal conditions for realization, the causative agent and risk factors for uterine cervical cancer and the results of cervical screening (p <0, 05). There was no improvement of knowledge about the target population and the frequency of correct implementation of the Pap test.