Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relations Between Family Environment and Violence Exposure Among Youth: Findings From the National Survey of Adolescents

A national household probability sample of 4,023 adolescents (ages 12 to 17) completed telephone interviews assessing demographics, adverse family environment, and violence exposure. Logistic regressions examined relations among family environment and each violence exposure type, controlling for demographics and other violence exposures. Relationships between family environment and violence exposure varied, depending on type of violence reported, most notably between intrafamilial versus extrafamilial violence. After controlling for family environment, exposure to one violence type significantly increased the likelihood of other violence exposures. Family substance use and not always living with a natural parent were significantly associated with all three types of violence exposure. Findings indicate that clinical assessments should include a thorough evaluation of family environment and violence exposure and also highlight the need for treatment to focus on the adolescent and broader family unit. Future research is needed to further examine these complex interrelationships and their associations with adolescent outcomes.
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with pallido‐nigro‐luysian degeneration: A TDP‐43 immunohistochemical study

Recently, Nishihira et al. demonstrated the presence of two types of TDP‐43 pathology in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Acta Neuropathol 2008; 116: 169–182). Type 1 represents the TDP‐43 distribution pattern observed in classic ALS, whereas type 2 shows the presence of TDP‐43 inclusions in the frontotemporal cortex, hippocampal formation, neostriatum and substantia nigra and is significantly associated with dementia. However, ALS with pallido‐nigro‐luysian degeneration (PNLD) is very rare. We recently encountered a case of ALS with PNLD of 9 years duration, in which the patient received artificial respiratory support for 6 years. In our case, neuronal loss and TDP‐43‐positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions were found in the globus pallidus, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus. Neither neuronal loss nor TDP‐43‐immunoreactive inclusions were found in the frontotemporal cortex and hippocampus. These findings suggest that the pallido‐nigro‐luysian system is also involved in the disease process of ALS and that ALS with PNLD is different from ALS with dementia based on the distribution pattern of neuronal loss and TDP‐43 accumulation.
Hepatitis C Virus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (NS5B) as a Mediator of the Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin*

Ribavirin is administered in combination with interferon-α for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Recently, we demonstrated that the antiviral activity of ribavirin can result from the ability of a viral RNA polymerase to utilize ribavirin triphosphate and to incorporate this nucleotide with reduced specificity, thereby mutagenizing the genome and decreasing the yield of infectious virus (Crotty, S., Maag, D., Arnold, J. J., Zhong, W., Lau, J. Y., Hong, Z., Andino, R., and Cameron, C. E. (2000) Nat. Med. 6, 1375–1379). In this study, we performed a quantitative analysis of a novel HCV RNA polymerase derivative that is capable of utilizing stably annealed primer-template substrates and exploited this derivative to evaluate whether lethal mutagenesis of the HCV genome is a possible mechanism for the anti-HCV activity of ribavirin. These studies demonstrate HCV RNA polymerase-catalyzed incorporation of ribavirin opposite cytidine and uridine. In addition, we demonstrate that templates containing ribavirin support CMP and UMP incorporation with equivalent efficiency. Surprisingly, templates containing ribavirin can also cause a significant block to RNA elongation. Together, these data suggest that ribavirin can exert a direct effect on HCV replication, which is mediated by the HCV RNA polymerase. We discuss the implications of this work on the development of nucleoside analogs for treatment of HCV infection.
Comparative Effectiveness of Second-Line Agents for the Treatment of Diabetes Type 2 in Preventing Kidney Function Decline.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diabetes is the leading cause of ESRD. Glucose control improves kidney outcomes. Most patients eventually require treatment intensification with second-line medications; however, the differential effects of those therapies on kidney function are unknown. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS & MEASUREMENTS We studied a retrospective cohort of veterans on metformin monotherapy from 2001 to 2008 who added either insulin or sulfonylurea and were followed through September of 2011. We used propensity score matching 1:4 for those who intensified with insulin versus sulfonylurea, respectively. The primary composite outcome was persistent decline in eGFR≥35% from baseline (GFR event) or a diagnosis of ESRD. The secondary outcome was a GFR event, ESRD, or death. Outcome risks were compared using marginal structural models to account for time-varying covariates. The primary analysis required persistence with the intensified regimen. An effect modification of baseline eGFR and the intervention on both outcomes was evaluated. RESULTS There were 1989 patients on metformin and insulin and 7956 patients on metformin and sulfonylurea. Median patient age was 60 years old (interquartile range, 54-67), median hemoglobin A1c was 8.1% (interquartile range, 7.1%-9.9%), and median creatinine was 1.0 mg/dl (interquartile range, 0.9-1.1). The rate of GFR event or ESRD (primary outcome) was 31 versus 26 per 1000 person-years for those who added insulin versus sulfonylureas, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.63). The rate of GFR event, ESRD, or death was 64 versus 49 per 1000 person-years, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.59). Tests for a therapy by baseline eGFR interaction for both the primary and secondary outcomes were not significant (P=0.39 and P=0.12, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among patients who intensified metformin monotherapy, the addition of insulin compared with a sulfonylurea was not associated with a higher rate of kidney outcomes but was associated with a higher rate of the composite outcome that included death. These risks were not modified by baseline eGFR.
BCG Vaccination and GAD65 and IA‐2 Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Diabetes in Southern India

Abstract: This paper reports a study to determine whether BCG vaccination is associated with an increase or decrease in GAD65 and I‐A2 autoantibodies in cases of IDDM and NIDDM in southern India. It is concluded that BCG vaccination has an immunomodulatory role in these diseases.
Modeling of PV generators from different technologies — case study

The paper deals with the modeling and comparison of the performance of photovoltaic (PV) generators with panels from different technologies. The generators are part of an experimental platform at the Technical University of Sofia and operate in real weather conditions. The modeling of the PV modules is based on the Durisch's model using two approaches. The comparison of the models with measured data shows good agreement. We observe that a limited number of characteristic days can be used for the modeling of the PV panels. The inverter's model is based on the manufacturer data. The comparison with the measured data shows good coincidence. Finally the combination of modules' and inverter models is compared with experimental data and we observe a good level of overlap.
Applicability of PCR-DGGE and 16S rDNA Sequencing for Microbiological Analysis of Otitis Media with Effusion

Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the performance of PCR-DGGE based assay and its applicability as a tool for the identification of bacteria in the middle ear of children with otitis media with effusion (OME). Methods: The middle ear effusions from 20 children with OME were analyzed both by bacterial culture and by 16S rDNA-gene-targeted PCR assay, DGGE fingerprinting and sequencing analysis. Results: In bacterial culture assay, only three middle ear effusions (15%) showed bacterial growth. None of the samples were positive for anaerobic culture. The PCR assay with 16S rDNA-gene-targeted universal primers was positive in 10 (50%) cases. The subsequent DGGE fingerprinting and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed that the most commonly encountered bacteria in the middle ear effusions of children with OME are Haemophilus influenzae, Alloiococcus otitidis and Bacteroides spp. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the applicability of PCR-DGGE based assay and 16S rDNA sequencing for analyzing of bacterial diversity in the middle ear effusion of children OME. The results of our study may contribute to a better understanding of the etiology of OME.
EMC Analysis Methods And Computational Models

Description: A comprehensive reference on state–of–the–art EMC modeling. The problems of electromagnetic interference are as old as radio wave communication. Only recently, however, has progress in numerical computation permitted the creation of models that help explain the physical phenomena of EM interference and predict and mitigate their effects. These models also invite an approach to solving EMC problems that furthers an understanding of underlying principles. EMC Analysis Methods and Computational Models provides detailed descriptions of the formulation, development, analysis, and use of EMC models. Departing from the rules–of–thumb approach for predicting electromagnetic interference, this book covers every step in the development of computational models––from the electromagnetic topology of the system to the development of coupling, penetration, and propagation models that describe the behavior of energy within the system. Supported by numerous illustrations, it * Covers circuit theory, low–frequency coupling, discrete source radiation, transmission line propagation, EM field penetration through apertures, diffusion, and shielding. * Discusses the approximations necessary in model development and contrasts approximate models with more rigorous models. * Includes exercises that elaborate the theory behind the models and indicate practical applications. * Provides computer programs based on models developed in the text. For practicing engineers, researchers, and graduate students, this book broadens the base of knowledge about the principles of EMC and lays the foundation for future research in the field.
An emergency medicine approach to violence throughout the life cycle. SAEM Public Health and Education Committee.

This document by the SAEM Public Health and Education Committee outlines the public health impact of interpersonal violence as it pertains to acute emergency care. This paper provides an overview of violence through the life cycle (i.e., child abuse, youth violence, intimate violence, and elderly abuse). It also makes specific recommendations regarding the role emergency physicians can play in reducing violence through medical education, research, surveillance, public education, advocacy, and clinical practice.
Effect Of Internal Mammary Artery Harvesting With And Without Pleurotomy On Respiratory Complications In Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

BACKGROUND Respiratory problems are one of the major issues faced by cardiovascular surgeons, which increase morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It is possible to harvest the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) without opening the left pleura; however this cannot be reliably achieved in all cases due to intimate anatomical relationship. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of internal mammary artery harvesting with and without pleurotomy on respiratory complications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS In this observational study 90 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were included by review of records. Patients were stratified into two groups according to surgical procedures, i.e., Internal Mammary artery harvesting with pleurotomy; (WP Group) (n=45) and with extra pleural harvesting technique; (EP Group) (n=45). Inclusion criteria were elective coronary artery bypass grafting, age over 18 years, willingness to be randomly assigned, provision of informed consent. Exclusion criteria were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or skeletal abnormalities that caused pulmonary restriction. Only the first 30 days postoperative outcome was studied. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21. RESULTS The demographic characteristics in terms of age and gender were comparable in study groups. The preoperative clinical presentation and medical history were also found similar. The hospital stay was significantly longer in WP Group than EP Group patients (7.2 vs 6.1 days, p<0.005). Moreover, post-operative morbidity was more prevalent in WP group 10 (22.2%) than EP Group 3 (66%) (p<0.03). In WP Group more respiratory complications were observed; 2 (4.4%) patients had dry cough and atelectasis, 1 (2.2%) patient experienced pleural effusion, 3 (6.6%) had bronchospasm while 1 (2.2%) patient each had sternal dehiscence and bleeding, however, these did not differ significantly among study groups. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory complications were more frequent in patients undergoing Internal Mammary artery harvesting with pleurotomy compared to those managed extra pleural harvesting.
Gastritis-associated Adenocarcinoma and Intestinal Metaplasia in a Syrian Hamster Naturally Infected with Helicobacter Species

The objective of this study was to evaluate stomachs of 2-year-old Syrian hamsters that were naturally colonized by multiple Helicobacter species including Helicobacter aurati. A previous report on 7- to 12-month-old Syrian hamsters described chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, a putative preneoplastic lesion in the stomach, without cancer. This report describes an invasive adenocarcinoma at the pyloric-duodenal junction in one of nine hamsters at a site of helicobacter-associated inflammation and marked intestinal metaplasia. Ceca of nine of nine animals were culture positive and polymerase chain reaction positive for Helicobacter spp. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of the stomach using a H. pylori polyclonal antibody detected positive-staining bacteria within the pyloric region of three of nine hamsters including the neoplastic glands. However, argyrophilic bacteria were demonstrated only within the stomach of the hamster with gastric adenocarcinoma. This is a first report of gastric adenocarcinoma in helicobacter-infected hamsters. Syrian hamsters appear suitable as potential model for studying development of helicobacter-associated gastric adenocarcinomas.
PLURONIC F-68 ENHANCED SHOOT REGENERATION IN A POTENTIALLY NOVEL CITRUS ROOTSTOCK

The effects have been studied in vitro of the non-ionic, co-polymer surfactant, Pluronic F-68, on shoot regeneration and bud induction in epicotyl and cotyledon explants of Citrus depressa, a potential alternative rootstock to C. jambhiri for commercial Citrus. Supplementation of Murashige and Skoog (1962)-based, agar-solidified shoot regeneration/bud induction (SRBI) medium with 1.0 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.5% (w/v) Pluronic F-68 significantly (P < 0.05) increased mean fresh weight by a maximum of 60%, the proportion of explants exhibiting shoot/bud regeneration by 25% and the mean number of shoots per epicotyl explant by 184%, compared to untreated controls. Similarly, 0.5% (w/v) Pluronic F-68 significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the mean percentage bud induction (91%) and the number of buds regenerated (>4-fold) per cotyledon explant. Interestingly, the mean fresh weight gain for both explants was unaffected across the range of concentrations (0.001–0.1% w/v) of Pluronic F-68 evaluated. Regenerated plants from epicotyl explants were transferred and acclimatized to glasshouse conditions.
Current status of trichinosis in swine in the Atlantic provinces.

IN 1952, FRANK (2) reported a 0.4% incidence of trichinosis in 1002 swine originating in the Maritime provinces. In 1962, Frank and Wood (3) reported a 0.25% incidence in 789 garbagefed swine examined between 1954 and 1958 in the Atlantic provinces. In 1968, the Meat Inspection Division of the Health of Animals Branch in the Atlantic region initiated a program of examining porcine tissues for trichinosis at the time of slaughter. In 1971, the Animal Pathology Division initiated investigations on the incidence of urban and sylvan trichinosis in various animal species in the Atlantic provinces. This report will deal only with field and laboratory investigations of trichinosis in swine in the Atlantic area from 1968 to 1975.
Gênero e violência conjugal: concepções de psicólogos

A violencia conjugal na decada de 80 foi discutida a partir da concepcao dualista: homem -agressor versus mulher-vitima e entendida como violencia contra mulher. A emergencia de producoes academicas que contestavam essa visao dualista possibilitou o entendimento do tema por meio dos multiplos papeis de homens e mulheres numa relacao afetiva violenta. Considerando esses contextos, o estudo investigou concepcoes de genero e violencia conjugal dos nove psicologos que trabalhavam em programas publicos que atendem envolvidos em violencia conjugal na Grande Vitoria, por meio de entrevista semi –estruturada. Destacam-se os seguintes significados: uma parte dos psicologos desenvolve acoes referenciadas aos principios do movimento feminista e demonstram em seus discursos influencias marcantes de uma concepcao dualista. A outra parcela de psicologos tambem considera as assimetrias entre os generos, porem considera claramente os custos das cobrancas de genero e as consequencias da violencia conjugal para homens e mulheres, aproximando-se do referencial relacional.
Design of pseudo-QMF banks with rational sampling factors using several prototype filters

A method is presented for designing filter banks that allow the spectrum of a signal to be split into nonuniform width subbands. The filters of the banks are obtained by the cosine modulation of more than one prototype. The method uses the cancellation of the main aliasing component of the reconstructed signal. This imposes constraints on the prototypes that become dependent on each other. The procedure can be applied to banks with both integer and rational decimation factors. Numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the design procedure.
Technology Business Incubators as Engines of Growth: Towards a distinction between Technology Incubators and Non-Technology Incubators.

Business incubators are an increasingly popular tool for promoting job and wealth creation. Yet given the heterogeneity of incubation models, it is not always clear how incubators operate, what their main characteristics are and how can they best contribute to job and wealth creation. If technology is central in promoting economic growth and new firm creation the crucial mechanism in transferring new knowledge to markets, then technology incubators have the biggest potential to contribute to economic growth. We define technology incubators by their strategic choices in terms of mission, linkages to universities and geographical location. We investigate their nature by comparing the levels of business services provision, selection criteria, exit policy and tenants’ characteristics. Our sample includes 12 incubators located in six Northwestern European countries and a total of 101 incubated companies. Data were collected in both incubators and among their tenants. Results show that technology incubators provide more tenants with their services, select younger companies and practice stricter exit policies. Additionally, they tend to attract more experienced teams of entrepreneurs. Our main contribution is a better understanding of the technology incubators impact against the remainder population of business incubators. We speculate that incubators not focussed in incubating technology might not be contributing to company creation at all. Further, the low levels of service provision are both a product and a consequence of slack selection criteria and weak exit policies. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings to business incubator managers, policy makers and prospective tenants.
Malignant otitis externa in HIV and AIDS

Abstract Malignant otitis externa is a necrotising infection of the external ear canal which may spread to include the mastoid and petrous parts of the temporal bone, leading to skull base osteomyelitis. It is almost exclusively caused by infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and usually occurs in elderly non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. However isolated cases have been reported in a small number of non-diabetic patients, particularly in children who are immunocompromised due to malignancy, malnutrition and severe anaemia. In 1984 a case of malignant otitis externa was reported in a child with an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-like illness, prior to identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Since that time further sporadic cases of this invasive infection have been reported in HIV and AIDS. We present two further cases and also a review of the current literature.
Effects of Tenofovir on Cytokines and Nucleotidases in HIV-1 Target Cells and the Mucosal Tissue Environment in the Female Reproductive Tract

ABSTRACT Tenofovir (TFV) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in microbicide preexposure prophylaxis trials to prevent HIV infection. Recognizing that changes in cytokine/chemokine secretion and nucleotidase biological activity can influence female reproductive tract (FRT) immune protection against HIV infection, we tested the hypothesis that TFV regulates immune protection in the FRT. Epithelial cells, fibroblasts, CD4+ T cells, and CD14+ cells were isolated from the endometrium (Em), endocervix (Cx), and ectocervix (Ecx) following hysterectomy. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (macrophage inflammatory protein 3α [MIP-3α], interleukin 8 [IL-8], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), the expression levels of specific nucleotidases, and nucleotidase biological activities were analyzed in the presence or absence of TFV. TFV influenced mRNA and/or protein cytokines and nucleotidases in a cell- and site-specific manner. TFV significantly enhanced IL-8 and TNF-α secretion by epithelial cells from the Em and Ecx but not from the Cx. In contrast, in response to TFV, IL-8 secretion was significantly decreased in Em and Cx fibroblasts but increased with fibroblasts from the Ecx. When incubated with CD4+ T cells from the FRT, TFV increased IL-8 (Em and Ecx) and TNF-α (Cx and Ecx) secretion levels. Moreover, when incubated with Em CD14+ cells, TFV significantly increased MIP-3α, IL-8, and TNF-α secretion levels relative to those of the controls. In contrast, nucleotidase biological activities were significantly decreased by TFV in epithelial (Cx) and CD4+ T cells (Em) but increased in fibroblasts (Em). Our findings indicate that TFV modulates proinflammatory cytokines, nucleotidase gene expression, and nucleotidase biological activity in epithelial cells, fibroblasts, CD4+ T cells, and CD14+ cells at distinct sites within the FRT.
Design principles for brushless doubly fed reluctance machines

This paper aims to provide the background theory and design methodology required for the effective design of brushless doubly fed reluctance machines. Reviewing existing theory, a new mean synchronous speed reference frame is presented to aid the understanding of the design requirements for an effective machine. Design equations are presented and an example design is developed. The example design indicates that the machine is capable of high torque density at low speeds.