Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comment on “Genetic analysis of 16th-century whale bones prompts a revision of the impact of Basque whaling on right and bowhead whales in the western North Atlantic”

Rastogi et al. presented their genetic analysis of 16th-century whale bones found on a Basque whaling ship ex- cavated from Red Bay, Labrador Peninsula, Canada. Based on the results from a very small sample, these authors con- cluded that whaling populations were already depleted before the onset of whaling. This is in direct contradiction to historical data. They also implied that the Basques were the only Europeans whaling in the North Atlantic before the onset of Yankee whaling and that there was a belief that Basque whalers historically killed equal numbers of right and bowhead whales. Here we present data based on historical and archaeological records generated by several authors using different methodologies, which clearly show that (i) Basques were not the only whalers that impacted cetacean populations in the North Atlantic; (ii) the number of whales killed by different peoples for approximately two centuries indicates that both right and bowhead whale population levels were much higher than typically assumed; and (iii) for many years there have been records published indicating that the Basques and others killed more bowhead whales than right whales, at least in the western North Atlantic. Resume ´ : Rastogi et al. ont presenteune analyse genetique des os de baleines du 16 e siecle retrouves sur un baleiner bas- que enfoui aRed Bay, peninsule du Labrador, Canada. D'apres les resultats obtenus d'un tres petit echantillon, les auteurs concluent que les populations de baleines etaient dejaepuisees avant meme le debut de la chasse ala baleine. Cette affir- mation est en contradiction directe avec les donnees historiques. Les auteurs presument que les basques etaient les seuls europeens a chasser la baleine dans l'Atlantique nord avant le debut de la chasse par les yankees; ils supposent aussi qu'il existe un consensus voulant que les basques aient tuedans le passeun nombre egal de baleines franches du Nord et de ba- leines franches boreales. Nous presentons ici des donnees basees sur des travaux historiques et archeologiques de plusieurs auteurs utilisant des methodologies differentes qui montrent clairement que (i) les basques n'etaient pas les seuls chasseurs aavoir affecteles populations de cetaces dans l'Atlantique nord, (ii) le nombre de baleines tuees par les differents peuples pendant environ deux siecles indique que les densites de population, tant des baleines franches du Nord que celles des ba- leines franches boreales, etaient beaucoup plus elevees qu'on ne le croit habituellement et (iii) depuis de nombreuses an- nees, il existe des publications qui indiquent que les basques et les autres peuples tuaient plus de baleines franches boreales que de baleines franches du Nord, au moins dans l'ouest de l'Atlantique nord. (Traduit par la Redaction)
The Effects of motivation and classroom environment on the satisfaction of noncredit continuing education students

This study examined the functional relationships among motivation, perceived classroom environment, and student satisfaction, for three major curricular groups: arts and leisure programs, personal development programs, and professional development programs. The sample included 1,180 students enrolled in noncredit courses at the College of Continuing Education and Community Service at the University of Hawaii. The study empirically validated R. Boshier's Education Participation Scale and G. Darkenwald's Adult Classroom Environment Scale with a relatively large sample of students who voluntarily participated in their learning experiences and who were primarily motivated by the desire to satisfy the need to know, unaffected by grades or the requirements of a degree program. Findings revealed that each curricular group had a distinctive set of student characteristics and reasons for participation, and preferred particular kinds of classroom environments which emphasized a different mix of environmental domains. Results confirmed the multidimensional nature of satisfaction, and suggested that certain types of learning environments may be more satisfying to students with certain types of learning motivations. (Contains 30 references.) (JDD) *****************************************y. *********************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * *********************************************************************** Page 1 THE EFFECTS OF MOTIVATION AND CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT ON THE SATISFACTION OF NONCREDIT CONTINUING EDUCATION STUDENTS co to Pamela J. Fujita-Starck ce) tDirector, Professional and Special Programs University of Hawaii at Manoa College of Continuing Education and Community Service 2530 Dole Street, Sakamaki D400 Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 (808) 956-8244 John A. Thompson Professor, Educational Administration University of Hawaii at Manoa College of Education 1776 University Avenue Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 (808) 956-4118 PAPER PRESENTED AT THE ANNUAL FORUM OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, MAY 29-JUNE 1, 1994. 'PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Effects of soft corals on scleractinian coral recruitment. I:Directional allelopathy and inhibition of settlement

Experiments were performed on the Great Barrier Reef, at Orpheus lsland (18" 40'S, 145" 30' E) and Lizard Island (14" 41' S, 145" 28' E), Australia, to examine allelopathic effects of soft corals on the larval recruitment of scleractinian corals. Ceramic tiles were used as settlement plates and arranged around the soft corals Sinularia flexibilis (Quoy & Gaimard) and Sarcophyton glaucurn (Quoy & Gaimard), serving as treatments. One control consisted of stacks of settlement plates uninfluenced by any organism, while a second control had settlement stacks surrounding a scleractinian coral to control for depletion of larvae via feeding. Coral spat recruitment was approximately 7 times higher at Lizard Island (7032) than at Orpheus lsland (1038). The pattern of coral recruitment and relative abundances of coral recruits around the controls and soft corals, however, was similar at the 2 sites. The average density of coral spat was always significantly less around the soft corals than the controls, indicating that soft corals at each experimental site inhibited scleractinian coral recruitment. Coral recruitment levels were very similar for the 2 control treatments. Coral spat were asymmetrically distributed around the soft corals, and the distribution varied significantly with respect to the distance from the soft coral and the direction of the prevailing current at both Orpheus and Lizard Island. There was a significant negative correlation between coral spat density and current direction under both soft coral treatments and at both sites. No such response was observed in the controls. In a second experiment, scleractinian coral spat were exposed to settlement plates impregnated with the extract of S. flexibilis and control plates. Settlement only occurred on the untreated controls.
Correlation of actual live weight and estimates of live weights of Camel calves (Camelus dromedarius) in Samburu District of Northern Kenya

A study was conducted in Samburu district of northern Kenya in pastoral production systems to develop a formula for estimating the live weight of camel calves. Heart girth (HG), abdominal girth (AG) and shoulder (wither) height (SH) measurements were taken by a tape measure. Also the camel calves were gently suspended on a scale using a sling and the actual live weight measured. Fifty nine (59) camel calves were measured. The abdominal girth and the heart girth had highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation coefficient of r = 0.957 and r = 0.934 respectively than shoulder (wither) height (r = 0.432) to the live weight of camel calves. This suggested that the abdominal girth had the greatest influence on live weight of camel calves followed by the heart girth. Shoulder height had the least influence on live weight. However, multiple regression analysis showed that combined effect of HG, AG and SH on the live weight estimates had coefficient of determination R 2 accounting for 92.3% of variation (P < 0.01) which was higher than individual and any two combined variables. The formula developed to estimate live weight was; Live body weight (Kg) = - 100.6 + 101.2AG(m) + 58.2 HG(m) + 9.91SH(m). This formula could be used to estimate the live weight of camel calves in pastoral production systems where weighing machines are not available.
Relationship between Trees and Shrubs Biodiversity with Some Soil Physical Properties in Hyrcanian Forests (North of Iran)

In order to evaluation relationship between trees and shrubs biodiversity with some soil physical properties in hyrcanian forests, in range of 850-950 altitude from the sea level in 6 sites (in each site 30 plots) with least interfering of human in north aspect and with equal distance from each other were located. In this 20*50 meter frame, the characteristic of trees and shrubs species (Species name & diameter) recorded. The heterogeneity indices of simpson, shannon–wiener, simpson , s reciprocal, and number of equally common used for the quantitative data. In each plot, four soil samples (500g) taken in the depth ranges of 10–20-cm. After mixing its, one sample (200g) was selected for laboratory. Physical properties of used in research are soil texture (percent of sand, silt, and clay), percent of soil saturation and bulk density. Results showed sand percent have positive correlation in all sites except Carpineo-Paroteum type. In addition, results showed clay percent has negative correlation in all sites. Thus, according to special site condition in forest types, appropriate technique should be base on knowledge of qualitative and quantitative condition of communities.
Benchmark Changes Matter: The Case of Mutual Fund Relative Performance

From data on Sweden-registered mutual funds in the period 1999-2004 we construct a data set free of survivorship bias which we use to test the hypotheses that, on average, a) among funds that change benchmarks, the new benchmark selected ex post has a worse performance than the original benchmark, b) benchmark changes are affected by funds' performance relative to their original benchmarks, and c) benchmark changes affect fund flows. Using simple t-, binomial -, and Wilcoxon tests as well as multinomial logit and fixed effects regression models, we find robust evidence for all three hypotheses. This suggests that at least some funds take relative performance into account when changing benchmarks and that these funds face a tradeoff between reputation and presenting a favorable view to investors. In addition, we observe a high frequency of benchmark changes overall: the majority of funds change at least once during the sample period and on average 17 percent of funds change in any given year.
Oldak 13_9

Integrin ß4 is a transmembrane protein expressed predominantly on epithelial cells. In human epidermis integrin ß4 associates with integrin ß6. Integrin ·6ß4 is concentrated at the basement membrane zone, where it localizes to specialized adhesion structures called hemidesmosomes. In addition to its adhesive functions, keratinocyte integrin ß4 has been identified as an important regulator of epidermal homeostasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of integrin ß4 in keratinocyte adhesion, migration, as well as growth and differentiation. Changes in integrin ß4 expression in pathological conditions in skin and mucosa, especially those associated with human papillomavirus infection, are described.
Towards closing the gap between hygroscopic growth and activation for secondary organic aerosol: Part 1 – Evidence from measurements

Abstract. Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOA) studied in previous laboratory experiments generally showed only slight hygroscopic growth, but a much better activity as a CCN (Cloud Condensation Nucleus) than indicated by the hygroscopic growth. This discrepancy was examined at LACIS (Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator), using a portable generator that produced SOA particles from the ozonolysis of α-pinene, and adding butanol or butanol and water vapor during some of the experiments. The light scattering signal of dry SOA-particles was measured by the LACIS optical particle spectrometer and was used to derive a refractive index for SOA of 1.45. LACIS also measured the hygroscopic growth of SOA particles up to 99.6% relative humidity (RH), and a CCN counter was used to measure the particle activation. SOA-particles were CCN active with critical diameters of e.g. 100 nm and 55 nm at super-saturations of 0.4% and 1.1%, respectively. But only slight hygroscopic growth with hygroscopic growth factors ≤1.05 was observed at RH 98%, the hygroscopic growth increased stronger than would be expected if a constant hygroscopicity parameter for the particle/droplet solution was assumed. An increase of the hygroscopicity parameter by a factor of 4–6 was observed in the RH-range from below 90% to 99.6%, and this increase continued for increasingly diluted particle solutions for activating particles. This explains an observation already made in the past: that the relation between critical super-saturation and dry diameter for activation is steeper than what would be expected for a constant value of the hygroscopicity. Combining measurements of hygroscopic growth and activation, it was found that the surface tension that has to be assumed to interpret the measurements consistently is greater than 55 mN/m, possibly close to that of pure water, depending on the different SOA-types produced, and therefore only in part accounts for the discrepancy between hygroscopic growth and CCN activity observed for SOA particles in the past.
REASONS FOR AN OPTIMIZED CONSTRUCTION LOGISTICS

The claim of German builders is to realize individual and complex construction projects in the shortest possible design and construction time. Thereby the target achievement depends on a systematic and structured planning of the construction site and the associated construction sequences. The construction logistics has the function to coordinate the core areas material, employees and information so that the correct material is available on a proper price, at the correct place, at the right time, in the exact quality and quantity, for the correct client (7 R’s). Through the implementation of a superior, need-based coordination of the logistics, based on the required quantities, an efficient realization of buildings is feasible. Thus, time, quality and cost targets can be achieved. Unclear is the question about the cost assumption for the site logistics. As for large-scale projects in Germany normally general contractors are assigned, they want to apportion the costs for the logistics to their subcontractors. Therefore, based on a practical example the trade-specific logistical effort is measured and characteristic values are generated. Based on these characteristic values the resulting logistical effort can be offset against the subcontractors. Through a lean logistics, also incentives for all parties are created.
Evaluation of serum cardiac biomarkers in sheep with acute lactic acidosis

In this study we investigated the changes of cardiac injury biomarkers in serum samples from 200 sheep with acute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA) and 50 healthy controls belonging to the Ghezel breed. After clinical examination and recording of vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and hydration status), rumen fluid and venous blood samples were collected. The pH of rumen fluid was determined using a paper tape pH-meter and lactic acid concentration of serum was measured using a commercially available method. Similarly, activities of AST, LDH, CK-MB and serum concentration of cTnI were measured using special commercial kits. According to the findings serum activities of AST (p = 0.007) and CK-MB (p = 0.002) in sheep with ARLA were significantly higher than in healthy animals. Serum LDH activity in the disease group was higher than in the control group, however this difference was statistically non-significant. cTnI concentration were 0.684 ± 0.03 ng/ml in sheep with ARLA, which was significantly higher than in healthy sheep (p = 0.000). There were significant negative correlations between ruminal pH and serum lactate levels, heart rate, respiratory rate and dehydration degree. The sheep with the lowest ruminal pH (3 cases with < 4.5) had the highest levels of cTnI (2.28 to 3.06 ng/mL), and all died. It can be concluded that lactic acidosis may cause some degree of heart damage, although further studies are needed to support this speculation.
Simplification of seagrass food webs across a gradient of nutrient enrichment

Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment has resulted in significant changes in food web structure. Although such changes have been associated with the loss of diversity and ecosystem services, little empirical work has been done to study food webs of similar systems across a nutrient enrichment gradient. We examined 11 seagrass beds along a gradient of increasing δ15N of primary consumers, where δ15N is used as an indicator of sewage-derived nutrients. Observations across this gradient revealed corresponding increases in consumer density and changes in distinct functional groups, whereas consumer diversity, seagrass canopy, and macrodetrital biomass decreased. However, maximum overall primary consumer diversity and minimum density occurred at intermediate levels along the nutrient gradient. We hypothesize that higher species diversity at low to moderate levels of nutrient enrichment depends on the persistence of grazer-resistant seagrass. This seagrass canopy, and the significant macrodetritus it generates, fac.
Attitudes toward Specific Advertising Media (AM): Informative or Manipulative?

Attitudes toward advertising in general (A G ) is a concept which often raises ethical, social and cultural concerns, and yet in the context of specific media, consumers are often more positive, and find advertising entertaining, thought-provoking, amusing and informative. This paper focuses on attitudes toward advertising in three specific media (A M ) (print, television and online advertising) and aims to provide input into the design decisions of an advertising campaign. The survey is based on a sample of 425 Malaysian and international tourists, and one key finding is the positive view that respondents have about advertising in print, online and on television. In terms of attitudes to print advertising, social role and image makes the strongest unique contribution to A P ; for television advertising product information makes the strongest unique contribution to explaining attitudes to A TV ; and in terms of online advertising, hedonic pleasure makes the strongest unique contribution to explaining attitudes to A O.
The relativity of poverty and income: How reliable are African economic statistics?

It has been argued that the fundamental cause of Africa’s current relative poverty is a lack of pro-growth institutions deriving either from the colonial system, the period of slavery, or from particular geographic or population characteristics. This article takes a fresh look at estimates of African country incomes. It subjects the available datasets to tests of accuracy, reliability, and volatility, and finds that there is very little to explain in terms of diversity of income between countries. With the exception of some resource-rich enclaves, a few island states, and South Africa, the income of one African economy is not meaningfully different from another. It is found that the majority of African countries should for all practical purposes be considered to have the same income level. The article therefore concludes that it is futile to use GDP estimates to prove a link between income today and existence of pro-growth institutions in the past, and recommends a searching reconsideration of the almost exclusive use of GDP as a measure of relative development.
Perception of Organizational Justice as a Predictor of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: An Empirical Study at Schools in Sri Lanka

The recent literature, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has received much attention by scholars. Organizational justice perception on the other hand comprises the employees perceptions associated with rewards, outcomes, decision making and participation in decision making processes and it is one of the dominating factor in organizational life. Both of these variables directly linked with organizational efficiency and effectiveness. The main objective of this study is to find the impact of organizational justice perception on organizational citizenship behavior. A stratified random sample of 230 school teachers in the eastern region of Sri Lanka participated in this study. The data were collected using validated questionnaire and were analyzed. The results revealed that the perception of justice is a strong predictor of organizational citizenship behavior. The relationship between each dimensions of organizational justice (distributive, procedural and interactive) and organizational citizenship behavior were also tested. As the scope for performing extra role is much more broader for school teachers, considering the findings of this study it is possible to recommend the educational institutions to increase the level of justice to increase their engagement in organizational citizenship behavior. Keywords: Organizational citizenship behavior, Organizational justice perception, Distributive justice, Procedural justice, Interactive justice.
DEVELOPMENT OF ANNULAR COUPLED STRUCTURE

A rc/2-mode standing-wave linac of an Annular Coupled Structure (ACS) has been developed for the I-GeY proton linac of the Japanese Hadron Project (JHP). This ACS has four coupling slots between accelerating and coupling cells in order to overcome difficulties in putting the ACS to practical use. Two prototypes of a four-slot ACS (j= 1296MHz, [3=v/c=O.8) have been constructed and tested: one with a staggered slot-orientation from cell to cell; and the other with a uniform one. The staggered configuration has the following advantages over the uniform one: the former gives a larger coupling constant and a larger shunt impedance than the latter with the same size of coupling slot. Both models have been conditioned up to the design input RF power. Concerning distortion of the accelerating field caused by the coupling slots, the four-slot ACS gives a distortion-free accelerating field around the beam axis, while a Side-Coupled Structure (SCS) cavity gives an accelerating field mixed with a TEll I-like mode.