Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asperger's Syndrome: A Guide for Parents and Professionals

Part I. Basic Principles and Recent Advances: 1. Nitric oxide: introduction and historical background 2. Synthesis and properties of nitric oxide 3. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide 4. Nitric oxide in the central nervous system 5. Nitric oxide in the peripheral nervous system 6. Nitric oxide in the immune system Part II. Pathological Implications of Nitric Oxide: Introduction 7. Type II NOS and immune inflammatory disorders 8. Type III NOS and cardiovascular disease 9. Type I NOS and disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems Summary Part III. Experimental Approaches: 10. Biochemistry and molecular biology 11. Pharmacology 12. Microscopy Part IV. Protocols and Techniques: 13. Measurement of nitric oxide 14. Measurement of nitric oxide synthase activity 15. Pharmacology 16. Microscopy Appendix I. Distribution of constitutive nitrogen oxide synthase in animal organs/tissues Appendix II. Peripheral tissues and organs in which nitric oxide has been identified as a neurotransmitter References.
Sport Nutrition: An Introduction to Energy Production and Performance

Nutrients -- Nutrients and recommended intakes -- Fuel sources for muscle and exercise metabolism -- Energy -- Gastric emptying, digestion, and absorption -- Carbohydrate -- Fat -- Protein and amino acids -- Water requirements and fluid balance -- Vitamins and minerals -- Nutrition supplements -- Nutrition and training adaptations -- Body composition -- Weight management -- Eating disorders in athletes -- Nutrition and immune function in athletes.
The Impact of the Continuous Training on the Cardio Respiratory Endurance of the Students of Basic Stage in the Directorate of Education of Sahab`s District -Jordan

This study aimed to identify the impact of the continuous run training of the moderate intensity on the efficiency of the cardio respiratory of the students of basic stage in Sahab`s directorate of education and to identify the relation between the distance which is covered in the Cooper 12 minute and between the maximal oxygen consumption of the basic level students . The sample of the study which is consisted of (20) students, was selected randomly and distributed into two homogenous groups; the experimental group(10 students) and the control group( 10 students). The training program lasted for 6 weeks with three times per week, with 60 minutes for each training unit in order to develop the cardio respiratory endurance of the experimental group. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the pre and post measures regarding the variables ;Resting heart rate, the distance which is covered in the Cooper 12 minute and the maximal oxygen consumption(mm/kg/min) in favor of the pre-measure of the experimental group and the results also revealed that there was an inverse correlation between the maximal oxygen consumption and between the distance which is covered in the Cooper 12 minute. The results also showed that the proposed training program has a great effective contribution in developing the cardio respiratory endurance of the sample of the study. Keyword: Continuous Training, Basic Stage, Cardio Respiratory, Directorate of Education.
Online patient websites for electronic health record access among vulnerable populations: portals to nowhere?

Objective: With the rapid rise in the adoption of patient portals, many patients are gaining access to their personal health information online for the first time. The objective of this study was to examine specific usability barriers to patient portal engagement among a diverse group of patients and caregivers. Materials and Methods: We conducted interviews using performance testing and think-aloud methods with 23 patients and 2 caregivers as they first attempted to use features of a newly launched patient portal. Results: In navigating the portal, participants experienced basic computer barriers (eg, difficulty using a mouse), routine computer barriers (eg, mistyping, navigation issues), reading/writing barriers, and medical content barriers. Compared to participants with adequate health literacy, participants with limited health literacy required 2 additional minutes to complete each task and were more likely to experience each type of navigational barrier. They also experienced more inaccuracies in interpreting a test result and finding a treatment plan within an after-visit summary. Discussion: When using a patient portal for the first time, participants with limited health literacy completed fewer tasks unassisted, had a higher prevalence of encountering barriers, took longer to complete tasks, and had more problems accurately interpreting medical information. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a strong need for tailored and accessible training and support to assist all vulnerable patients and/or caregivers with portal registration and use. Measuring the health literacy of a patient population might serve as a strong proxy for identifying patients who need the most support in using health technologies.
Cellular Function Probes

This unit covers many of the fluorescent probes used in cell biology, such as green fluorescent protein, esterase and peptidase substrates, intracellular thiols, lipid probes, and probes for intracellular ions. It brings to light the chemical relationships between certain probes and relates these properties to their functional application. Correct use of these probes requires an understanding of how they are taken up and distributed within the cell and where appropriate, what factors will affect the fluorescence emission from the probe. This is particularly important for probes of pH and calcium flux.
Comparing long-term antiplatelet strategies to prevent morbidity and mortality in patients with drug-eluting coronary stents

Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents by J. Stewart Evans MD, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2001 Diplomate in Internal Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine Submitted to Health Science and Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biomedical Informatics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology August 6, 2010 ©2010 J. Stewart Evans, All rights reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly copies of this thesis document in whole or in part.
Do health information technology self-management interventions improve glycemic control in medically underserved adults with diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effect of health information technology (HIT) diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions on glycemic control in medically underserved patients. Materials and Methods Following an a priori protocol, 5 databases were searched. Studies were appraised for quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment. Studies reporting either hemoglobin A1c pre- and post-intervention or its change at 6 or 12 months were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis using random effects models. Results Thirteen studies met the criteria for the systematic review and 10 for the meta-analysis and represent data from 3257 adults with diabetes (mean age 55 years; 66% female; 74% racial/ethnic minorities). Most studies ( n = 10) reflected an unclear risk of bias. Interventions varied by HIT type: computer software without Internet ( n = 2), cellular/automated telephone ( n = 4), Internet-based ( n = 4), and telemedicine/telehealth ( n = 3). Pooled A1c decreases were found at 6 months (-0.36 (95% CI, -0.53 and -0.19]; I 2 = 35.1%, Q = 5.0), with diminishing effect at 12 months (-0.27 [95% CI, -0.49 and -0.04]; I 2 = 42.4%, Q = 10.4). Discussion Findings suggest that medically underserved patients with diabetes achieve glycemic benefit following HIT DSME interventions, with dissipating but significant effects at 12 months. Telemedicine/telehealth interventions were the most successful HIT type because they incorporated interaction with educators similar to in-person DSME. Conclusion These results are similar to in-person DSME in medically underserved patients, showing that well-designed HIT DSME has the potential to increase access and improve outcomes for this vulnerable group.
Implications for concussion assessments and return-to-play standards in intercollegiate football: How are the risks managed?

The lack of understanding regarding the symptoms and effects of concussions by athletes and coaches can generate pressure on both the team physicians to diagnose concussions as well as the sport administrators who need to be aware what concussion protocols are being followed. The significance of appropriate diagnosis of a concussion and the returnto-play protocols may be complicated by the number of guidelines available as well as the reliance on the athlete to self-report the symptoms of a concussion. While the grading guidelines have advanced the use of uniform terminology and increased awareness of concussion signs and symptoms, the lack of scientific method in creating the concussion management guidelines called their effectiveness into question. A total of 65 head football athletic trainers were surveyed to determine how medical personnel at selected universities managed the risk of concussions in intercollegiate football. The results indicated that nearly 70% of the respondents indicated that between five to eight football players on their respective teams incurred a concussion during the season. However, no dominant guidelines for assessing a concussion were revealed as none of the guidelines were employed by more than 29% of the population. Finally, 50% did not believe that the same guidelines should be used for an initial concussion assessments or subsequent concussions. Because no two people can be diagnosed in exactly the same way, guidelines may inhibit proper treatment. However, should an error in judgment occur, litigation against the physician, the athletic administrator, and the university may result.
Definition of criteria for overall assessment of animal welfare

Welfare is multidimensional, comprising good health, comfort, expression of behaviour, and so on. Its overall assessment therefore requires a multicriteria evaluation. The set of criteria shall be exhaustive (no missing item), minimal (only necessary items), agreed by stakeholders, and legible (a limited number of criteria). Furthermore, the interpretation from one criterion shall not depend on that from another. We propose a set of 12 subcriteria grouped into four criteria: feeding, housing, health and optimised emotional states. This work will assist in developing measures to be used on-farm to form a European standard for overall assessment of animal welfare.
Web‐Based Analysis and Publication of Flow Cytometry Experiments

Cytobank is a Web‐based application for storage, analysis, and sharing of flow cytometry experiments. Researchers use a Web browser to log in and use a wide range of tools developed for basic and advanced flow cytometry. In addition to providing access to standard cytometry tools from any computer, Cytobank creates a platform and community for developing new analysis and publication tools. Figure layouts created on Cytobank are designed to allow transparent access to the underlying experiment annotation and data processing steps. Since all flow cytometry files and analysis data are stored on a central server, experiments and figures can be viewed or edited by anyone with the proper permission, from any computer with Internet access. Once a primary researcher has performed the initial analysis of the data, collaborators can engage in experiment analysis and make their own figure layouts using the gated, compensated experiment files. Cytobank is available to the scientific community at http://www.cytobank. org. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 53:10.17. 1‐10.17. 24. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Qualitative methods in health research

Qualitative methods have much to offer those studying health care and health services. However, because these methods have traditionally been employed in the social sciences, they may be unfamiliar to health care professionals and researchers with a biomedical or natural science background. Indeed, qualitative methods may seem alien alongside the experimental and observational quantitative methods used in clinical, biological and epidemiological research. Misunderstandings about the nature of qualitative methods and their uses have caused qualitative research to be labelled ‘unscientific’, difficult to replicate or as little more than anecdote, personal impression or conjecture. The first edition of this book, and the series of papers in the British Medical Journal on which the book was initially based, deliberately set out to counter this view. The growing interest in qualitative methods in health research, and their increasing acceptance in clinical and biomedical arenas, in the 10 years since the book was first published, suggest that such misunderstandings may be diminishing. The purpose of this book has therefore altered subtly. Its main aim continues to be to introduce the main qualitative methods available for the study of health and health care, and to show how qualitative research can be employed appropriately and fruitfully to answer some of the increasingly complex questions confronting researchers. In addition, the book considers the ethics of qualitative research and how to assess its quality and looks at the application of qualitative methods within different styles of researchand in th e emerging area of research synthesis.
Differential Effects of Medical Marijuana Based on Strain and Route of Administration

Abstract Cannabis displays substantial effectiveness for a variety of medical symptoms. Seventy-seven patients took part in a study in California to assess the efficacy of organically grown Cannabis sativa and indica strains in treatment of various medical conditions via smoking or ingestion. HIV/AIDS was the most frequent condition reported, at 51%. Standardized rating forms provided 1892 records that were statistically analyzed. Results demonstrated that in the case of nausea and spasm, symptom expressions are definitely affected by various methods of can-nabis administration. However, while Cannabis indica strains increased energy and appetite, it is useful to note that in treating nausea in HIV/AIDS and orthopedic diagnosis groups, Cannabis sativa and C. in-dica strains proved equivalent.
Isolation of Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria, and Mitochondria‐Associated Membrane and Detergent Resistant Membrane Fractions from Transfected Cells and from Human Cytomegalovirus‐Infected Primary Fibroblasts

Increasingly mechanistic virology studies require dependable and sensitive methods for isolating purified organelles containing functional cellular sub‐domains. The mitochondrial network is, in part, closely apposed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The mitochondria‐associated membrane (MAM) fraction provides direct physical contact between the ER and mitochondria. Characterization of the dual localization and trafficking of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL37 proteins required establishing protocols in which the ER and mitochondria could be reliably separated. Because of its documented role in lipid and ceramide transfer from the ER to mitochondria, a method to purify MAM from infected cells was also developed. Two robust procedures were developed to efficiently isolate mitochondria, ER, and MAM fractions while providing substantial protein yields from HCMV‐infected primary fibroblasts and from transfected HeLa cells. Furthermore, this unit includes protocols for isolation of detergent resistant membranes from subcellular fractions as well as techniques that allow visualization of the mitochondrial network disruption that occurs in permissively infected cells by their optimal resolution in Percoll gradients. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Towards adoptive cellular therapy of chronic autoimmune arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a relatively common disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation of joints. The research as described in this thesis focused on the question of whether adoptive cellular therapy is effective in a mouse model of RA. The most generally known type of adoptive cellular therapy is, probably, bone marrow transplantation (BMT), i.e. BM cells from a healthy donor are transplanted to the patient. Especially, hematological disorders like leukemia are treated with BMT; however, the research presented in this thesis strongly suggests that BMT may also effectively treat diseases, such as RA, in the (near) future. The efficacy of other types of adoptive cellular therapies was also investigated, including the transfer of regulatory T cells. Most strikingly, the disappearance of autoaggressive immune cells was associated with the efficacy of the treatment. These results suggest that these immune cells that, directly or indirectly, cause damage to the patientâs joints were eliminated and/or were kept quiescent. These studies are of importance for the future improvement of the treatment of rheumatic diseases like RA.
EFFECT OF AROMATHERAPY WITH ESSENTIAL DAMASK ROSE OIL ON ANXIETY OF THE ACTIVE PHASE OF LABOR NULLIPAROUS WOMEN

Background & Aims : Anxiety in women during labor is the most common emotional reactions and undesirable effects on the fetus and the mother. Aromatherapy with a pleasant fragrance delivery can lead to improved birth outcomes . This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Aromatherapy essential oils of damask rose oil on anxiety of the active phase of labor Nulliparous women. Materials & Methods : This randomized clinical trial was performed on 80 nulliparous women who were hospitalized in the maternity block of Martyr Akbar-Abadi Hospital for delivery. Groups were divided using randomized assignment to intervention group (n=40) and control group (n=40). In the intervention group, inhalation and foot bath with rose oil was conducted for 10 minutes once at the beginning of the active phase and the second the beginning of the time of transition phase. Anxiety was assessed during labor using visual analogous scale anxiety (VASA) onset of active phase and the second time onset of transitional phase before and after intervention. Results: Baseline anxiety levels were similar in both groups. After intervention with essential rose oil, the intervention group showed decreased anxiety level comparing to the control group (p<0.001). Anxiety score in the test group before and after intervention was significantly lower than controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: Aroma therapy with essential rose oils in active phase of labor in nulliparous women can reduce anxiety, and it is efficient in desirable delivery, so it can be applied in all educational and health centers in all countries as a way to safe, functional, and low cost way run by midwives.
Postanalytical considerations that may improve the diagnosis or exclusion of haemophilia and von Willebrand disease

von Willebrand disease (VWD) and haemophilia represent the most common inherited or acquired bleeding disorders. However, many laboratories and clinicians may be challenged by their accurate diagnosis or exclusion. Difficulties in diagnosis/exclusion may include analytical issues, where assays occasionally generate an incorrect result (ie representing an analytical error) or have limitations in their measurement range of and/or low analytical sensitivity. Also increasingly recognized is the influence of preanalytical issues on the diagnosis of VWD or haemophilia. Unfortunately, postanalytical considerations are often not well considered in the diagnostic process. Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide an overview of some important postanalytical considerations that may help improve the diagnosis of VWD and haemophilia. This review primarily discusses aspects around reporting of test results. However, we also discuss other less well‐recognized postanalytical considerations, including the use of assay ratios to help identify differential diagnoses and then guide further investigation.
Cotranslational Translocation of Proteins into Canine Rough Microsomes

Rough microsomes (RMs) are small vesicular fragments of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They can be used in cell‐free protein translocation studies to analyze ER targeting signals, signal sequence cleavage, N‐linked glycosylation, and membrane protein biogenesis. This unit describes preparation and use of RMs.Rough microsomes (RMs) are small vesicular fragments of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They can be used in cell‐free protein translocation studies to analyze ER targeting signals, signal sequence cleavage, N‐linked glycosylation, and membrane protein biogenesis. This unit describes preparation and use of RMs.
mtDNA Variation and Analysis Using Mitomap and Mitomaster

The Mitomap database of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) information has been an important compilation of mtDNA variation for researchers, clinicians, and genetic counselors for the past 25 years. The Mitomap protocol shows how users may look up human mitochondrial gene loci, search for public mitochondrial sequences, and browse or search for reported general population nucleotide variants as well as those reported in clinical disease. Within Mitomap is the powerful sequence analysis tool for human mitochondrial DNA, Mitomaster. The Mitomaster protocol gives step‐by‐step instructions showing how to submit sequences to identify nucleotide variants relative to the rCRS, determine the haplogroup, and view species conservation. User‐supplied sequences, GenBank identifiers, and single‐nucleotide variants may be analyzed. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 44:1.23. 1‐1.23. 26. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Glycemic Indices in Dialysis Evaluation (GIDE) study: Comparative measures of glycemic control in diabetic dialysis patients

The validity of hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) is undergoing increasing scrutiny in the advanced CKD/ESRD (chronic kidney disease/end‐stage renal disease) population, where it appears to be discordant from other glycemic indices. In the Glycemic Indices in Dialysis Evaluation (GIDE) Study, we sought to assess correlation of HgbA1c with casual glucose, glycated albumin, and serum fructosamine in a large group of diabetic patients on dialysis. From 26 dialysis facilities in the United States, 1758 diabetic patients (hemodialysis = 1476, peritoneal dialysis = 282) were enrolled in the first quarter of 2013. The distributions of HgbA1c and the other glycemic indices were analyzed. Intra‐patient coefficients of variation and correlations among the four glycemic indices were determined. Patients with low HgbA1c values were both on higher erythropoietin (ESA) doses and more anemic. Serum glucose exhibited the highest intra‐patient variability over a 3‐month period; variability was modest among the other glycemic indices, and least with HgbA1c. Statistical analyses inclusive of all glycemic markers indicated modest to strong correlations. HgbA1c was more likely to be in the target range than glycated albumin or serum fructosamine, suggesting factors which may or may not be directly related to glycemic control, including anemia, ESA management, and iron administration, in interpreting HgbA1c values. These initial results from the GIDE Study clarify laboratory correlations among glycemic indices and add to concerns about reliance on HgbA1c in patients with diabetes and advanced kidney disease.