Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment decision‐making for post‐partum hemorrhage using dynamic contrast‐enhanced computed tomography

Post‐partum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality. Identification of the precise bleeding site is generally important to control hemorrhage, but such an approach has not been fully established in the context of PPH. We postulated that visualization of bleeding sites could aid treatment decisions in the management of PPH.
Nurturing Natural Resources: The Ecology of Interpersonal Relationships in Women Who Have Thrived Despite Childhood Maltreatment

Childhood maltreatment and its consequences are a public health issue. There continues to be a need for improving the lives and life prospects for survivors of child abuse. The important role that positive interactions can play was evident in a large study of women who considered themselves successful despite maltreatment. Interactions of import ranged from brief encounters with strangers to enduring relationships. Two distinct motifs emerged: The “Saw something in me” and “No matter what” relationships. Findings will be discussed within the context of extant theories with possible implications for researchers, practitioners, and careful, caring adults in any setting.
Two-dimensional complex parity-time-symmetric photonic structures

We propose a simple realistic two-dimensional complex parity-time-symmetric photonic structure that is described by a non-Hermitian potential but possesses real-valued eigenvalues. The concept is developed from basic physical considerations to provide asymmetric coupling between harmonic wave components of the electromagnetic field. The structure results in a nonreciprocal chirality and asymmetric transmission between in- and out-coupling channels into the structure. The analytical results are supported by a numerical study of the Bloch-like mode formations and calculations of a realistic planar semiconductor structure.
Pengaruh Sosialisasi Perpajakan, Pelayanan Fiskus, Pengetahuan Pajak, Persepsi Pengetahuan Korupsi, dan Sanksi Perpajakan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi ( Wpop ) pada Kpp Pratama Senapelan Pekanbaru

Tax has an important role in Indonesia, considering the governments national development requires relatively large funds. The taxation system in Indonesia are depending on how Tax payers are being active on fulfilling the obligation of taxation, the requiring a high compliance. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect taxing socialization, service of tax authorities, tax payers knowledge of tax laws, tax perception of corruption, and tax penalties against tax compliance. The population in this study is the individual taxpayers listed on KPP Pratama Pekanbaru Senapelan. The sampling technique using convenience sampling method and determination of sample size in this study was calculated by using the formula of slovin obtained by 100 respondents. The data of this research is using primary data directly through a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 20. The data were analyzed to test the hypothesis using multiple linear regression analysis approach. The results of this study show that service of tax authorities, tax payers knowledge of tax laws, tax perception of corruption, tax penalties have effect on tax compliance with significant rate 5 % (b2=0,398, b3=0,346, b4=0,233, b5=0,389). Viceversa taxing socialization has no effect regarding on tax compliance with significant rate 5 % (b1=0,085). Keywords: Socialization, service, knowledge, penalties, compliance
Manufacturing Pluralism in Brazilian Economics: The Role of ANPEC As Institutional Mediator and Stabilizer

Brazilian academic economics has been traditionally characterized by its openness to different strands of economic theory. In contrast to the standards prevailing in most of Europe and North America, economics in Brazil can be justly described as pluralistic, with competing schools of thought enjoying relatively secure institutional positions. One of the reasons frequently ascribed for this outcome is the role played by ANPEC, the Brazilian economics association, in mediating conflicts among graduate programs affiliated to different research traditions. A crucial episode in this respect took place in the early 1970s, when the recently born association chose to adopt an inclusive stance towards its membership, welcoming the filiation of the strongly heterodox program at the University of Campinas (Unicamp) even against threats of withdrawal from one of its most prestigious members, the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV). Using a host of primary sources related to the early years of Brazilian academic economics, the paper uncovers the processthat led ANPEC, with strong support from the Ford Foundation, to adopt an inclusive and ‘pluralistic’ attitude, and how it related to the political context prevailing in Brazil during the 1970s.
Overcoming an Extremely Drug Resistant (XDR) Pathogen: Avibactam Restores Susceptibility to Ceftazidime for Burkholderia cepacia Complex Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients.

Burkholderia multivorans is a significant health threat to persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). Infections are difficult to treat as this pathogen is inherently resistant to multiple antibiotics. Susceptibility testing of isolates obtained from CF respiratory cultures revealed that single agents selected from different antibiotic classes were unable to inhibit growth. However, all isolates were found to be susceptible to ceftazidime when combined with the novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, avibactam (all minimum inhibitor concentrations (MICs) were ≤8 mg/L of ceftazidime and 4 mg/L of avibactam). Furthermore, a major β-lactam resistance determinant expressed in B. multivorans, the class A carbapenemase, PenA was readily inhibited by avibactam with a high k2/K of (2 ± 1) × 106 μM-1 s-1 and a slow koff of (2 ± 1) × 10-3 s-1. Mass spectrometry revealed that avibactam formed a stable complex with PenA for up to 24 h and that avibactam recyclized off of PenA, re-forming the active compound. Crystallographic analysis of PenA-avibactam revealed several interactions that stabilized the acyl-enzyme complex. The deacylation water molecule possessed decreased nucleophilicity, preventing decarbamylation. In addition, the hydrogen-bonding interactions with Lys-73 were suggestive of a protonated state. Thus, Lys-73 was unlikely to abstract a proton from Ser-130 to initiate recyclization. Using Galleria mellonella larvae as a model for infection, ceftazidime-avibactam was shown to significantly (p < 0.001) improve survival of larvae infected with B. multivorans. To further support the translational impact, the ceftazidime-avibactam combination was evaluated using susceptibility testing against other strains of Burkholderia spp. that commonly infect individuals with CF, and 90% of the isolates were susceptible to the combination. In summary, ceftazidime-avibactam may serve as a preferred therapy for people that have CF and develop Burkholderia spp. infections and should be considered for clinical trials.
Misfortune and resilience: a community study of women

Synopsis A community survey of psychiatric disorder carried out in South London enabled the authors to investigate the ‘vulnerability model’ proposed by Brown & Harris (1978). In the current study none of the ‘vulnerability factors’ proposed by Brown & Harris fulfilled the requirements of the model. It was, however, found that working class women with children seemed particularly prone to develop minor psychiatric disorder in response to adversity. A similar result is apparent in the analyses of the earlier authors. A number of studies now published give some support to the vulnerability model using what are broadly measures of social support, but there is little corroboration using the other variables proposed by Brown & Harris.
Multiyear greenhouse gas balances at a rewetted temperate peatland

Drained peat soils are a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere. Rewetting these soils is considered an important climate change mitigation tool to reduce emissions and create suitable conditions for carbon sequestration. Long‐term monitoring is essential to capture interannual variations in GHG emissions and associated environmental variables and to reduce the uncertainty linked with GHG emission factor calculations. In this study, we present GHG balances: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) calculated for a 5‐year period at a rewetted industrial cutaway peatland in Ireland (rewetted 7 years prior to the start of the study); and compare the results with an adjacent drained area (2‐year data set), and with ten long‐term data sets from intact (i.e. undrained) peatlands in temperate and boreal regions. In the rewetted site, CO2 exchange (or net ecosystem exchange (NEE)) was strongly influenced by ecosystem respiration (Reco) rather than gross primary production (GPP). CH4 emissions were related to soil temperature and either water table level or plant biomass. N2O emissions were not detected in either drained or rewetted sites. Rewetting reduced CO2 emissions in unvegetated areas by approximately 50%. When upscaled to the ecosystem level, the emission factors (calculated as 5‐year mean of annual balances) for the rewetted site were (±SD) −104 ± 80 g CO2‐C m−2 yr−1 (i.e. CO2 sink) and 9 ± 2 g CH4‐C m−2 yr−1 (i.e. CH4 source). Nearly a decade after rewetting, the GHG balance (100‐year global warming potential) had reduced noticeably (i.e. less warming) in comparison with the drained site but was still higher than comparative intact sites. Our results indicate that rewetted sites may be more sensitive to interannual changes in weather conditions than their more resilient intact counterparts and may switch from an annual CO2 sink to a source if triggered by slightly drier conditions.
Teacher Review of effective teaching approaches in primary schools.

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All roads lead to weediness: Patterns of genomic divergence reveal extensive recurrent weedy rice origins from South Asian Oryza

Weedy rice (Oryza spp.), a weedy relative of cultivated rice (O. sativa), infests and persists in cultivated rice fields worldwide. Many weedy rice populations have evolved similar adaptive traits, considered part of the ‘agricultural weed syndrome’, making this an ideal model to study the genetic basis of parallel evolution. Understanding parallel evolution hinges on accurate knowledge of the genetic background and origins of existing weedy rice groups. Using population structure analyses of South Asian and US weedy rice, we show that weeds in South Asia have highly heterogeneous genetic backgrounds, with ancestry contributions both from cultivated varieties (aus and indica) and wild rice. Moreover, the two main groups of weedy rice in the USA, which are also related to aus and indica cultivars, constitute a separate origin from that of Asian weeds. Weedy rice populations in South Asia largely converge on presence of red pericarps and awns and on ease of shattering. Genomewide divergence scans between weed groups from the USA and South Asia, and their crop relatives are enriched for loci involved in metabolic processes. Some candidate genes related to iconic weedy traits and competitiveness are highly divergent between some weed‐crop pairs, but are not shared among all weed‐crop comparisons. Our results show that weedy rice is an extreme example of recurrent evolution, and suggest that most populations are evolving their weedy traits through different genetic mechanisms.
Redox-photosensitized aminations of 1,2-benzo-1,3-cycloalkadienes, arylcyclopropanes, and quadricyclane with ammonia.

1,2,4-Triphenylbenzene and 2,2'-methylenedioxy-1,1'-binaphthalene successfully photosensitized the aminations of 1,2-benzo-1,3-cycloalkadienes, arylcyclopropanes, and quadricyclane with ammonia and primary amines in the presence of m- or p-dicyanobenzene, which gave the 4-amino-1,2-benzocycloalkenes, 3-amino-1-arylpropanes, and 7-amino-5-(p-cyanophenyl)bicyclo[2.2. 1]hept-2-ene, respectively. A key pathway for the photosensitized amination is the hole transfer from the cation radicals of the sensitizers that were generated by photoinduced electron transfer to the electron acceptors to the substrates. Therefore, it was found that the relationships in oxidation potentials between the sensitizers and the substrates and the positive charge distribution of the cation radicals of the substrates were important factors for the efficient amination.
Regulation of CD14 expression on human adult central nervous system‐derived microglia

Microglial cells function as regulators of immune reactivity within the CNS and may contribute to tissue injury under inflammatory conditions. Such functions are correlated with their state of activation. In this study, we report the de novo expression of CD14 by adult human CNS‐derived microglia which acquire a bipolar activated morphologic phenotype in dissociated tissue culture. Surface CD14 expression can be down‐regulated by interaction with its ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and by the T‐helper (Th1) cytokine interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) or the Th2 cytokine interleukin‐4 (IL‐4). Semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of CD14 mRNA expression under each condition suggests a different mechanism accounting for the reduced surface expression. LPS down‐regulates CD14 mRNA, consistent with a feedback signal preventing over‐stimulation. IFN‐γ augments CD14 transcription, suggesting cleavage of surface CD14 consequent to general cell activation. IL‐4 decreases mRNA production likely reflecting a generalized suppressive effect. The effect of LPS, IFN‐γ and IL‐4 on CD14 expression differes from their effect on expression of the immune‐accessory molecules B7‐1 and HLA‐DR, and on production of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), whose secretory pathway is similar to that of CD14. These results indicate the selective effects of molecules, likely to be present in the infected or inflamed CNS, on regulating CD14 expression and that there can be differential regulation of immune response relevant molecules expressed by activated microglia. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanistic role of movement and strain sensitivity in muscle contraction

Tension generation can be studied by applying step perturbations to contracting muscle fibers and subdividing the mechanical response into exponential phases. The de novo tension-generating isomerization is associated with one of these phases. Earlier work has shown that a temperature jump perturbs the equilibrium constant directly to increase tension. Here, we show that a length jump functions quite differently. A step release (relative movement of thick and thin filaments) appears to release a steric constraint on an ensemble of noncompetent postphosphate release actomyosin cross-bridges, enabling them to generate tension, a concentration jump in effect. Structural studies [Taylor KA, et al. (1999) Tomographic 3D reconstruction of quick-frozen, Ca2+-activated contracting insect flight muscle. Cell 99:421–431] that map to these kinetics indicate that both catalytic and lever arm domains of noncompetent myosin heads change angle on actin, whereas lever arm movement alone mediates the power stroke. Together, these kinetic and structural observations show a 13-nm overall interaction distance of myosin with actin, including a final 4- to 6-nm power stroke when the catalytic domain is fixed on actin. Raising fiber temperature with both perturbation techniques accelerates the forward, but slows the reverse rate constant of tension generation, kinetics akin to the unfolding/folding of small proteins. Decreasing strain, however, causes both forward and reverse rate constants to increase. Despite these changes in rate, the equilibrium constant is strain-insensitive. Activation enthalpy and entropy data show this invariance to be the result of enthalpy–entropy compensation. Reaction amplitudes confirm a strain-invariant equilibrium constant and thus a strain-insensitive ratio of pretension- to tension-generating states as work is done.
Cell kinetics of repair after allyl alcohol‐induced liver necrosis in mice

The cellular kinetics of repair and scarring which occurs after induction of periportal necrosis in mice by allyl alcohol were examined by histology and immunohistochemistry. Thirty‐six six‐week‐old female C57Bl/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with two doses of allyl alcohol on day 0 and tissue sections were taken at various times and stained by haematoxylin and eosin or immunostained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), bile duct/oval cell marker A‐6, and DNA fragments (apoptosis). Within 6 hours, periportal necrosis was seen extending to produce large zones of confluent, pan‐acinar irregular necrosis, predominantly in the right and medial lobes with sparing of the left and caudate lobes. Restoration of liver mass was accomplished mainly by proliferation of mature hepatocytes in the surviving lobes of the liver (hyperplasia). In the right and medial lobes where necrosis was limited to the periportal zone, there was some, but much less, proliferation of small, oval periportal cells. The large necrotic zones in the right and median lobes shrank and were replaced by granulomatous inflammation. This cellular contribution of liver regeneration in the mouse was different from that previously reported in the rat and provides a means of inducing only a small proliferation of oval cells.
Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection: clinical and microbiological features and response to therapy

ObjectiveMycobacterium genavense is a newly described pathogen that causes disseminated infection in AIDS. It is difficult to detect and identify due to its slow growth and fastidious nature. There is little information available about therapy for this new pathogen. We describe clinical and laboratory features and response to therapy in four patients with advanced AIDS complicated by disseminated M. genavense infection from Denver, Colorado, USA. Design and methodsRetrospective analysis of four cases identified in an AIDS clinic affiliated with a municipal hospital in Denver, Colorado. Clinical samples were inoculated onto BACTEC 12B, Lowenstein-Jensen, and Middlebrook 7H11 media. ResultsThe clinical features mimicked those of disseminated M. avium complex infection, with invasion of liver, spleen and lymph nodes with acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Acid-fast smears of blood and lymph nodes were positive; there was a modest increase in the growth index in BACTEC broth and tiny colonies appeared on Middlebrook agar. Patients were treated with combinations of antimycobacterial agents. Blood smears and cultures reverted to negative in treated patients. The best clinical response was associated with clarithromycin therapy. ConclusionsDisseminated disease due to M. genavense should be suspected among patients with the clinical presentation of disseminated M. avium complex infection and low growth index on BACTEC cultures for AFB. The diagnosis of M. genavense may be facilitated by performing acid-fast stains of samples from BACTEC bottles in such individuals. Clarithromycin therapy is associated with clinical improvement and clearance of bacteremia.
Stress for Stress Tolerance? A Fundamentally New Approach in Mammalian Embryology1

In vitro culture, storage, and manipulation of gametes and embryos require meticulously adjusted conditions to avoid or minimize the harmful effects of uncontrolled stress. However, recent work indicates that a well-defined and properly applied stress may induce general adaptation and increase tolerance to various in vitro procedures. The aim of this review is to summarize reports on the effects of stress on gametes and embryos of several species. Treatment with sublethal doses of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), or osmotic, heat, or oxidative stress resulted in increased morphological survival, fertilizing ability, or developmental potential after various in vitro or in vivo procedures. HHP treatment of spermatozoa, oocytes, embryos, and embryonic stem cells increased fertilizing ability, developmental competence, and differentiation and improved results after cryopreservation, parthenogenetic activation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Osmotic stress of oocytes resulted in higher developmental rates after cryopreservation, parthenogenetic activation, and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Heat shock was reported to increase developmental competence of parthenogenetically activated oocytes. Although cellular and subcellular mechanisms supposedly contributing to these processes require further research, the new principle, i.e., to improve the stress tolerance by a defined sublethal stress, may outline a completely new strategy in mammalian embryology, as well as cryopreservation of other cells and tissues with remarkable theoretical and practical consequences.
Effects of chronic dietary creatine feeding on cardiac energy metabolism and on creatine content in heart, skeletal muscle, brain, liver and kidney.

Little is known about the regulation of total creatine concentration in heart, skeletal muscle, brain, liver and kidney in response to increased dietary creatine intake. The phosphorylated fraction of intracellular creatine (phosphocreatine) remain relatively constant, and therefore, higher intracellular creatine levels may increase the energy reserve of the heart [phosphocreatine and phosphoryl transfer via creatine kinase (CK)] and of other organs. To test the effect of supplying exogenous creatine on the myocardial energy reserve and on creatine content of various organs, rats were given chow containing 0 (Untreated), 1, 3, 5, or 7% (of diet weight) creatine for ;40 days. Thereafter, hearts were perfused and left ventricular developed pressure and heart rate were recorded. High-energy phosphate concentrations were determined with 31P-NMR spectroscopy, CK reaction velocity by 31P-magnetization transfer. Total creatine was determined in heart, skeletal muscle, brain, liver, kidney and serum by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Creatine feeding increased serum creatine by 73% (1% creatine), 142% (3%), 166% (5%) and 202% (7%). In the heart, increased serum creatine levels did not affect mechanical function; ATP, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate, CK reaction velocity and total creatine were all unchanged. Total creatine also remained constant in brain and skeletal muscle, while creatine content increased 4.6-fold in the liver and 1.9-fold in the kidney. We conclude that myocardial energy reserve via CK cannot be increased by exogenous creatine treatment.