Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Sea of Okhotsk crust from deep seismic sounding data

The crustal structure of the Sea of Okhotsk was investigated by way of reinterpreting the data obtained along 22 deep seismic sounding (DSS) profiles. Eight profiles traversed the Sea of Okhotsk. These seismic surveys were performed during the International Geophysical Year in 1958-1959 by the researchers from the Institute of the Physics of the Earth, USSR Academy of Sciences. Seven profiles were surveyed in 1963-1964 near the shores of Sakhalin Island by geophysicists from the Institute of the Physics of the Earth (USSR Academy of Sciences) and from the Sakhalin Multidisciplinary Research Institute. The new interpretation of the seismic data confirmed the earlier ideas of the reduced crustal thickness in the deep-sea basins of the Sea of Okhotsk, such as, the Kuril Basin, the Deryugin and Tinro basins, the sedimentary trough of the Tatar Strait, where the Moho surface showed low boundary velocities of seismic waves, not higher than 7.6-7.8 km s 1 . It appears that the sedimentary basins of the Sea of Okhotsk reside above asthenospheric diapirs including magma chambers. A system of rifts and spreading centers was mapped in the northern and central parts of the Sea of Okhotsk, in the Tatar Strait, and in the Kuril Basin. Paleosubduction zones that had been active during the late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene time and are marked by ophiolite belts at the present time have been traced in the earth crust near the eastern shores of Sakhalin. Remnants of paleosubduction zones were mapped using seismic data in the Sea of Okhotsk along the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt, which seem to be the fragments of a lithospheric plate that had been going down under the active continental margin in Mesozoic time.
Effects of Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis in CKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Metabolic acidosis is associated with progression of CKD and has significant adverse effects on muscle and bone. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the benefits and risks of metabolic acidosis treatment with oral alkali supplementation or a reduction of dietary acid intake in those with CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for relevant trials in patients with stage 3-5 CKD and metabolic acidosis (<22 mEq/L) or low-normal serum bicarbonate (22-24 mEq/L). Data were pooled in a meta-analysis with results expressed as weighted mean difference for continuous outcomes and relative risk for categorical outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), using a random effects model. Study quality and strength of evidence were assessed using Cochrane risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. RESULTS Fourteen clinical trials were included (n=1394 participants). Treatment of metabolic acidosis with oral alkali supplementation or a reduction of dietary acid intake increased serum bicarbonate levels (14 studies, 1378 patients, mean difference 3.33 mEq/L, 95% CI, 2.37 to 4.29) and resulted in a slower decline in eGFR (13 studies, 1329 patients, mean difference -3.28 ml/min per 1.73 m2, 95% CI, -4.42 to -2.14; moderate certainty) and a reduction in urinary albumin excretion (very-low certainty), along with a reduction in the risk of progression to ESKD (relative risk, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.56; low certainty). Oral alkali supplementation was associated with worsening hypertension or the requirement for increased antihypertensive therapy (very-low certainty). CONCLUSIONS Low-to-moderate certainty evidence suggest that oral alkali supplementation or a reduction in dietary acid intake may slow the rate of kidney function decline and potentially reduce the risk of ESKD in patients with CKD and metabolic acidosis.
Trends in Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines Among Urban and Rural Dwelling Adults — United States, 2008–2017

Since the release of the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (https://health.gov/paguidelines/2008/pdf/paguide.pdf), the age-adjusted percentage of adults meeting the combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines increased from 18.2% to 24.3% in 2017 (1). Trends in urban and rural areas, across demographic subgroups, and among subgroups within urban and rural areas have not been reported. CDC analyzed 2008-2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to examine trends in the age-standardized prevalence of meeting physical activity guidelines among adults aged ≥18 years living in urban and rural areas. Among urban and rural residents, prevalence increased from 19.4% to 25.3% and from 13.3% to 19.6%, respectively. Nationally, all demographic subgroups and regions experienced increases over this period; increases for several groups were not consistent year-to-year. Among urban residents, the prevalence was higher during 2016-2017 than during 2008-2009 for all demographic subgroups and regions. During the same period, prevalence was higher across all rural-dwelling subgroups except Hispanics, adults with a college education, and those living in the South U.S. Census region. Urban and rural communities can implement evidence-based approaches, including improved community design, improved access to indoor and outdoor recreation facilities, social support programs, and community-wide campaigns to make physical activity the safe and easy choice for persons of all ages and abilities (2-4). Incorporating culturally appropriate strategies into local programs might help address differences across subgroups.
The permeable limit. Constructing a shared intersubjective space in strategic interactions

This chapter focuses on the relational aspects of strategic interactions. First, we highlight how some of the limitations of the classical theory of games can hinder a deeper understanding of two fundamental dimensions of the interpersonal relations, which are essential to our social epistemology: the mentalizing and empathizing processes. Secondly, we present the results of a series of experiments that stress the role of these two elements in the realm of strategic interactions. Finally, we argue that, by conceptualizing a hierarchy of higher order beliefs, psychological game theory seems to constitute a promising step forward towards the introduction of relational elements in the motivational structure of social agents.
Differentiation of energy concepts through speech and gesture in interaction

Through microanalysis of speech and gesture in one interaction between learners (in a course on energy for in-service teachers), we observe coherent states of conceptual differentiation of different learners. We observe that the interaction among learners across different states of differentiation is not in itself sufficient to accomplish differentiation; however, the real-time receptivity of the learners to conceptually relevant details in each other's actions suggests that future instruction that focuses explicitly on such actions and their meaning in context may assist differentiation.
Sufficiency ranges (sr) and deviation from optimum percentage (dop) references for leaf blade and petiole analysis in ‘Red Grenache’ grapevines

Aim : To obtain specific references for the nutritional diagnosis of ten essential nutrients for leaf blade and petiole of ‘red Grenache’ ( Vitis vinifera L.). Methods and results : Leaf blades and petioles from 36 vineyards of ‘red Grenache’ ( Vitis vinifera L.) grafted on Richter 110 were collected and analyzed at flowering and veraison between 1992 and 2008. Using the compiled data bank, nutritional references for ten elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B were calculated. Optimal values were those around the central data (µ ± 0.25σ), while excessive and deficient values were those beyond the tails of the distribution (µ ± 0.84σ). Percentile calculation was performed when transformations to normal distributions became unlikely. Conclusion : References for Sufficiency Ranges (SR) and Deviation from Optimum Percentage (DOP) methods were obtained for those ten nutrients studied. Significance and impact of the study : The proposed ‘red Grenache’ references for leaf blade and petiole contribute to the improvement of the accuracy of ‘red Grenache’ grapevine nutrient diagnosis based on tissue analysis. These references are a guide to assess the nutritional status of ‘red Grenache’ grapevine around the world in general and, with higher accuracy, for the Rioja region and areas with similar vineyard conditions.
Neutralization of rhesus cytomegalovirus IL-10 reduces horizontal transmission and alters long-term immunity

Significance Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpesvirus that causes severe disease in infants and immunocompromised people. Development of a vaccine to control the spread of CMV has been a decades-long goal. Most vaccine strategies target glycoprotein B (gB), a viral glycoprotein used for entry into host cells. We have instead targeted viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10), an immunomodulatory protein. We investigated whether these two approaches combined are capable of controlling horizontal transmission of CMV in a nonhuman primate model. Our results demonstrated that, while vaccination against gB was not protective, neutralizing antibodies against vIL-10 significantly reduced CMV transmission and disrupted host immunity when infection did occur. These results demonstrate that vIL-10 is an important target for prevention of CMV disease. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes severe disease in infants and immunocompromised people. There is no approved HCMV vaccine, and vaccine development strategies are complicated by evidence of both persistent infection and reinfection of people with prior immunity. The greatest emphasis has been placed on reducing transmission to seronegative pregnant women to prevent vertical transmission and its potentially severe sequelae. Increasing evidence suggests that the earliest host–HCMV interactions establish conditions for viral persistence, including evasion of host immune responses to the virus. Using a nonhuman primate model of HCMV infection, we show that rhesus macaques immunized against viral interleukin-10 (IL-10) manifest delayed rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) acquisition and altered immune responses to the infection when it does occur. Among animals with the greatest antiviral IL-10–neutralizing activity, the timing of RhCMV seroconversion was delayed by an average of 12 weeks. After acquisition, such animals displayed an antibody response to the new infection, which peaked as expected after 2 weeks but then declined rapidly. In contrast, surprisingly, vaccination with glycoprotein B (gB) protein had no discernible impact on these outcomes. Our results demonstrate that viral IL-10 is a key regulator of successful host immune responses to RhCMV. Viral IL-10 is, therefore, an important target for vaccine strategies against cytomegalovirus (CMV). Furthermore, given the immunoregulatory function of viral IL-10, targeting this protein may prove synergistic with other vaccine therapies and targets. Our study also provides additional evidence that the earliest host–CMV interactions can have a significant impact on the nature of persistent infection.
Trauma and injury severity score in predicting mortality of polytrauma patients

TRISS (Trauma and Injury Severity Score) is one of the most commonly used trauma score. Currently, there is no data about using TRISS in the care of polytrauma patients at emergency department of dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH). This research was intended to evaluate whether TRISS can predict the mortality of polytrauma patients at CMH. This was an analytic descriptive study with retrospective cohort design. Data was collected from medical records of polytrauma patients who were admitted to emergency department of CMH from 2011-201 4 then we analyzed the relationship between TRISS and patient's prognosis. Furthermore, we conducted bivariate and multivariate analysis by SPSS 20 software. Seventy medical records were included in this study. The majority of patients were male (65%) in young age. There were 69 patients who experienced blunt trauma, with the majority (94.3%) were caused by motor vehicle accident. After receiving trauma care, there were 26 deaths, while other 44 patients survived. From bivariate and multivariate analysis, we found a significant difference between TRISS and patient's prognosis. TRISS strongly predicts polytrauma patient's mortality (AUC 0,899; IK95% 0,824-0,975). TRISS has 84,6% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity with optimal intersection point ≤ 90,5. TRISS is able to predict the mortality of polytrauma patients at CMH.
Erlotinib Versus Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin as Neoadjuvant Treatment of Stage IIIA-N2 EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (EMERGING-CTONG 1103): A Randomized Phase II Study.

PURPOSE To assess the benefits of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors as neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies in locally advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a multicenter (17 centers in China), open-label, phase II, randomized controlled trial of erlotinib versus gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC chemotherapy) as neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy in patients with stage IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations in exon 19 or 21 (EMERGING). Patients received erlotinib 150 mg/d (neoadjuvant therapy, 42 days; adjuvant therapy, up to 12 months) or gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m2 plus cisplatin 75 mg/m2 (neoadjuvant therapy, two cycles; adjuvant therapy, up to two cycles). Assessments were performed at 6 weeks and every 3 months postsurgery. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1; secondary end points were pathologic complete response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, safety, and tolerability. RESULTS Of 386 patients screened, 72 were randomly assigned to treatment (intention-to-treat population), and 71 were included in the safety analysis (one patient withdrew before treatment). The ORR for neoadjuvant erlotinib versus GC chemotherapy was 54.1% versus 34.3% (odds ratio, 2.26; 95% CI, 0.87 to 5.84; P = .092). No pathologic complete response was identified in either arm. Three (9.7%) of 31 patients and zero of 23 patients in the erlotinib and GC chemotherapy arms, respectively, had a major pathologic response. Median PFS was significantly longer with erlotinib (21.5 months) versus GC chemotherapy (11.4 months; hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.67; P < .001). Observed adverse events reflected those most commonly seen with the two treatments. CONCLUSION The primary end point of ORR with 42 days of neoadjuvant erlotinib was not met, but the secondary end point PFS was significantly improved.
The effects of flowline length evolution on chemistry–δ 18O profiles from Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada

Abstract The isotopic and chemical signatures for ice-age and Holocene ice from Summit, Greenland, and Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada, are compared. the usual pattern of low δ 18O, high Ca2+ and high Cl– is presented in the Summit records, but Penny Ice Cap has lower than present Cl– in its ice-age ice. A simple extension of the Hansson model (Hansson, 1994) is developed and used to simulate these signatures. the low ice-age Cl– from Penny Ice Cap is explained by having the ice-age ice originating many thousands of km inland near the centre of the Laurentide ice sheet and much further from the marine sources. Summit’s flowlines all start close to the present site. the Penny Ice Cap early-Holocene δ 18O’s had to be corrected to offset the Laurentide meltwater distortion. the analysis suggests that presently the Summit and Penny Ice Cap marine impurity originates about 500 km away, and that presently Penny Ice Cap receives a significant amount of local continental impurity.
Geostatistical prediction of clay percentage based on soil survey data

In precision farming fields may be divided into management zones according to the spatial variation in soil properties. Clay content is an important soil characteristic, because it is associated with other soil properties that are important in management. Soil survey data from 150 sampling sites taken from an area of 218 ha were used to predict the spatial variation of clay percentage geostatistically in an agricultural soil in Jokioinen, Finland. The exponential and spherical models with a nugget component were fitted to the experimental variogram. This indicated that the medium-range pattern could be modelled, but the short-range variation could not, due to sparsity of sample points at short distances. The effect of sampling density on the kriging error was evaluated using the random simulation method. Kriging with a spherical model produced a map with smooth variation in clay percentage. The standard error of kriging estimates decreased only slightly when the density of samples was increased. The predictions were divided into three classes based on the clay percentage. Areas with clay content below 30%, between 30% and 60% and over 60% belong to non-clay, clay and heavy clay zones, respectively. With additional information from the soil samples on the contents of nutrients and organic matter these areas can serve as agricultural management zones.
Kinematics of a Hot Massive Accretion Disk Candidate

Characterizing rotation, infall, and accretion disks around high-mass protostars is an important topic in massive star formation research. With the Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Very Large Array, we studied a massive disk candidate at high angular resolution in ammonia [NH3(4, 4) and (5, 5)] tracing the warm disk but not the envelope. The observations resolved at ~0.4″ resolution (corresponding to ~1400 AU) a velocity gradient indicative of rotation perpendicular to the molecular outflow. Assuming a Keplerian accretion disk, the estimated protostar-disk mass would be high, similar to the protostellar mass. Furthermore, the position-velocity diagram exhibits additional deviation from a Keplerian rotation profile that may be caused by infalling gas and/or a self-gravitating disk. Moreover, a large fraction of the rotating gas is at temperatures >100 K, markedly different from typical low-mass accretion disks. In addition, we resolve a central double-lobe centimeter continuum structure perpendicular to the rotation. We identify this with an ionized, optically thick jet.
EFFECTS OF MONETARY POLICY SHOCKS IN SLOVAKIA 1

This paper presents the results of empirical investigation into Slovak monetary policy shocks’ impacts on the economy. For estimating purposes, structural VAR based impulse responses of output, prices, exchange rates and short-term interest rates on structural disturbances selected by sign restrictions are studied. In most cases, to improve the quality of monetary policy shock definition, additional identification of historical shocks is provided. As a conclusion, unanticipated 50 basis points increase of the key interest rate lowers prices by up to 0.4% against the baseline. As expected, peak response is reached about one year after the shock at the latest. However, the effect on output is conflicting, suggesting that variations in monetary policy account for little variation in output.
Large-scale coral reef restoration could assist natural recovery in Seychelles, Indian Ocean

The aim of ecological restoration is to establish self-sustaining and resilient systems. In coral reef restoration, transplantation of nursery-grown corals is seen as a potential method to mitigate reef degradation and enhance recovery. The transplanted reef should be capable of recruiting new juvenile corals to ensure long-term resilience. Here, we quantified how coral transplantation influenced natural coral recruitment at a large-scale coral reef restoration site in Seychelles, Indian Ocean. Between November 2011 and June 2014 a total of 24,431 nursery-grown coral colonies from 10 different coral species were transplanted in 5,225 m2 (0.52 ha) of degraded reef at the no-take marine reserve of Cousin Island Special Reserve in an attempt to assist in natural reef recovery. We present the results of research and monitoring conducted before and after coral transplantation to evaluate the positive effect that the project had on coral recruitment and reef recovery at the restored site. We quantified the density of coral recruits (spat <1 cm) and juveniles (colonies 1-5 cm) at the transplanted site, a degraded control site and a healthy control site at the marine reserve. We used ceramic tiles to estimate coral settlement and visual surveys with 1 m2 quadrats to estimate coral recruitment. Six months after tile deployment, total spat density at the transplanted site (123.4 ± 13.3 spat m-2) was 1.8 times higher than at healthy site (68.4 ± 7.8 spat m-2) and 1.6 times higher than at degraded site (78.2 ± 7.17 spat m-2). Two years after first transplantation, the total recruit density was highest at healthy site (4.8 ± 0.4 recruits m-2), intermediate at transplanted site (2.7 ± 0.4 recruits m-2), and lowest at degraded site (1.7 ± 0.3 recruits m-2). The results suggest that large-scale coral restoration may Nature Conservation 16: 1–17 (2016) doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.16. 8604 http://natureconservation.pensoft. net Copyright Phanor H. Montoya-Maya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ReSeARCh ARtICLe Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation A peer-reviewed open-access journal
Group prenatal care experiences among pregnant women in a Bangladeshi community

Background Complications during pregnancy, childbirth, and following delivery remain significant challenges that contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality, thus affecting health systems worldwide. Group prenatal care (GPC) is an integrated approach incorporating peer support and health education that provides prenatal care in a group setting. The GPC approach was piloted in a district of Bangladesh to measure the feasibility and effectiveness of GPC compared to individual care. Understanding the experiences of women of receiving this grouped care approach is crucial to understand the perspectives, perception, and acceptability of the programme among mothers, which are lack in Bangladesh. The objective of the present study was to understand the core experiences and perspectives of mothers who participated in GPC sessions during their pregnancy period. Methods A qualitative research approach was used to understand the experiences of women receiving GPC. A total of 21 in-depth interviews were conducted in this study targeting pregnant mothers who attended all recommended GPC sessions. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by trained and experienced interviewers using a specific interview guideline to achieve detailed responses. Thematic analysis was conducted to analyse the data. Results Mothers appreciated receiving pregnancy care in group setting and expressed their preferences towards GPC compared to individual care. Themes included the comprehensiveness of GPC, prescheduled appointments and reduced waiting time, social gathering, coping with common discomforts, relationship with service providers, birth preparedness, and recommendations from participating mothers. The themes conveyed overall positive experiences of the participating mothers, with suggestions for further betterment of the programme. Nevertheless, the reported experiences of women involved in the study suggests that the inclusion of a specialist in group care, post-partum care, and family planning advice will be more beneficial in the GPC model. Conclusions The overall experiences of the women in the present study suggest that GPC is helpful for them, and it is useful to reduce complications during pregnancy. The GPC model promises movement towards family-supported care, as explained by the participants.