Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Usage of the coreceptors CCR-5, CCR-3, and CXCR-4 by primary and cell line-adapted human immunodeficiency virus type 2

The chemokine receptors CCR-5 and CXCR-4, and possibly CCR-3, are the principal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptors, apparently interacting with HIV-1 envelope, in association with CD4. Cell lines coexpressing CD4 and these chemokine receptors were infected with a panel of seven primary HIV-2 isolates passaged in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and three laboratory HIV-2 strains passaged in T-cell lines. The CCR-5, CCR-3, and CXCR-4 coreceptors could all be used by HIV-2. The ability to use CXCR-4 represents a major difference between HIV-2 and the closely related simian immunodeficiency viruses. Most HIV-2 strains using CCR-5 could also use CCR-3, sometimes with similar efficiencies. As observed for HIV-1, the usage of CCR-5 or CCR-3 was observed principally for HIV-2 strains derived from asymptomatic individuals, while HIV-2 strains derived from AIDS patients used CXCR-4. However, there were several exceptions, and the patterns of coreceptor usage seemed more complex for HIV-2 than for HIV-1. The two T-tropic HIV-2 strains tested used CXCR-4 and not CCR-5, while T-tropic HIV-1 can generally use both. Moreover, among five primary HIV-2 strains all unable to use CXCR-4, three could replicate in CCR-5-negative PBMC, which has not been reported for HIV-1. These observations suggest that the CCR-5 coreceptor is less important for HIV-2 than for HIV-1 and indicate that HIV-2 can use other cell entry pathways and probably other coreceptors. One HIV-2 isolate replicating in normal or CCR-5-negative PBMC failed to infect CXCR-4+ cells or the U87MG-CD4 and sMAGI cell lines, which are permissive to infection by HIV-2 but not by HIV-1. This suggests the existence of several HIV-2-specific coreceptors, which are differentially expressed in cell lines and PBMC.
Contrast visual testing in neurovisual diagnosis

Contrast visual testing (CVT) is a psychophysical visual test of undetermined diagnostic capability in many neurovisual disorders. CVT of 32 controls and 39 patients was compared with the pattern visual evoked response (PVER) from each group. CVT was more sensitive than PVER in detecting visual dysfunction in pseudotumor cerebri and subclinical optic neuritis and showed potential in distinguishing papilledema from pseudopapilledema. PVER was more sensitive than CVT in detecting subclinical visual dysfunction in MS and optic nerve compression. Neither was abnormal in asymptomatic Leber's optic neuropathy. In nonorganic visual loss, CVT data were variable and inconsistent, supporting this diagnosis; PVER was consistently normal. Although in certain disease conditions, each detected subclinical visual dysfunction, neither CVT nor PVER provided specific information leading to an etiologic diagnosis.
Perspectives on Diversity: Social Perceptions and Empirical Evidence

Emerging demographic trends signal that White Americans will soon relinquish their majority status. As Whites’ acclimation to an increasingly diverse society is poised to figure prominently in their adjustment, identifying sources of greater comfort with diversity is important. Three studies (N = 519) revealed evidence that purpose in life bolsters comfort with ethnic diversity among White adults. Specifically, dispositional purpose was positively related to diversity attitudes and attenuated feelings of threat resulting from viewing demographic projections of greater diversity. In addition, when primed experimentally, purpose attenuated participants’ preferences for living in an ethnically homogeneous-White city, relative to a more diverse city when shown maps displaying ethno-demographic information. These effects persisted after controlling for positive affect and perceived connections to ethnic out-groups, suggesting the robust influence of purpose. Potential benefits of situating purpose as a unique resource for navigating an increasingly diverse society are discussed.
Association between dopamine receptor D1 A‐48G polymorphism and methamphetamine abuse

Abstract Several lines of evidence have suggested that substance abuse is mediated by the dopaminergic rewarding system, primarily through the activity of the dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association of DRD1 A‐48G polymorphism with methamphetamine (MAP) abusers and MAP‐induced psychosis patients. A total of 363 MAP abusers and 425 healthy normal controls were enrolled. The structural Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Study was used to evaluate all MAP abusers. The MAP abusers were classified into psychosis (n = 135) and non‐psychosis (n = 228) groups. A‐48G polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results show that male sex and a higher frequency of MAP abuse were the predisposing factors in the development of MAP psychosis. The DRD1 ‐48G allele frequency in the MAP psychosis group, non‐psychosis group and the healthy normal controls was 0.14, 0.18 and 0.16, respectively. No association was found between DRD1 A‐48G polymorphism and MAP abuse and MAP psychosis. However, the data provided additional evidence of ethnicity‐related differences in the distribution of polymorphism in comparison to previous studies.
Archaeological excavations on Santa Cruz (Nendö), southeast Solomon Islands: summary report

The excavations of seven archaeological sites on the island of Santa Cruz (Nendo), undertaken during the second phase of the Southeast Solomon Islands Culture History Program in 1977–78 are briefly summarized and the results discussed in terms of a local and regional culture historical framework. The local sequence, characterized by an earlier ceramic period and a later aceramic period, appears to have begun some 3000 years ago with a Western Lapita occupation, though there is also evidence for a coeval plain pottery complex that existed for a longer period of time. On present evidence the important ceramic to aceramic transition took place on Santa Cruz between c. 100 BC and AD 100. Only one site contains evidence of the early part of the aceramic period, which thus remains essentially unknown, including the matter of whether or not Santa Cruz was part of a posited regional exchange network in the first millenium AD. The latter part of the local sequence is represented in several sites from which important data were obtained relating to settlement and subsistence patterns, material culture and technology. including craft specialization, and ritual dance circles.
The role of mTOR signaling in controlling mammalian life span: what a fungicide teaches us about longevity.

580 Opening Statement Encouraging results with rapamycin suggest that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a promising pharmacological target for prolongevity intervention in mammals. In theory, such an approach mimics food, energy, and/or growth factor restriction, both of which have proven to be effective in animal models but are not practical for people interested in maximizing the healthy years of their life. In a recent mouse survival study conducted by the National Institute of Aging Intervention Testing Program (ITP) (1), mice were treated with rapamycin starting at late middle-aged (~60 human years). In contrast to food restriction, which has variable, sometimes detrimental, effects in mice when initiated at an advanced age, rapamycin was effective in extending life span of genetically heterogeneous mice when treatment was begun in late life.
The combination of CEA, EMA, and BerEp4 and hyaluronan analysis specifically identifies 79% of all histologically verified mesotheliomas causing an effusion

A previously tested antibody panel identified three criteria of major importance for distinguishing between mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma (ACA): carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), BerEp4, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) accentuated at the cell membrane. An extended panel, consisting of CEA, BerEp4, EMA, vimentin, mesothelioma antibody (HBME‐1), thrombomodulin, Ca125, and sialyl‐Tn was applied to effusions from 86 ACAs and 21 mesotheliomas. The specificities and sensitivities of the previously identified reactivity patterns were tested on the new material and the effect of the added antibodies was evaluated. Further, hyaluronan analysis was added as a parameter.
Desigualdad salarial en Colombia 1984-2005: cambios en la composición del mercado laboral y retornos a la educación postsecundaria

En el periodo 1984-2005 se registro un incremento sustancial en la desigualdad salarialque fue mucho mas marcado a partir del ano 1995, momento en el cual tambien se dioun crecimiento significativo de la poblacion asalariada con educacion post-secundaria.A su vez esta desigualdad fue mas importante dentro del grupo de los mas educados.Este documento expone nuevas alternativas para el analisis de la desigualdad salarial enColombia. Inicialmente, se utiliza un metodo de descomposicion para la desigualdadbasado en una estimacion condicional de la distribucion de ingresos utilizando laregresion por percentiles; este metodo descompone los cambios en la distribucion entres factores: caracteristicas, coeficientes y residuales.Los resultados muestran que el crecimiento de la desigualdad depende principalmentede los cambios en la distribucion de las caracteristicas de los asalariados para el periodo1984-2005, resultado contrario a lo planteado por algunos trabajos previos donde semuestra que el crecimiento de la desigualdad depende fundamentalmente de losresiduales. La tecnica aqui presentada corrige algunas de las deficiencias del metodooriginal de descomposicion de Juhn, Murphy y Pierce (1993). Posteriormente,utilizando la regresion por percentiles se intenta mostrar que los premios a la educacionpost-secundaria tienen un rol principal en la explicacion del crecimiento de ladesigualdad dentro del grupo de los mas educados, particularmente por una caida en elpremio en la parte baja de la distribucion (50/10) para el periodo 1995-2005.
Limited Role of Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases Sap1 to Sap6 in Candida albicans Virulence and Host Immune Response in Murine Hematogenously Disseminated Candidiasis

ABSTRACT Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps) are considered virulence-associated factors. Several members of the Sap family were claimed to play a significant role in the progression of candidiasis established by the hematogenous route. This assumption was based on the observed attenuated virulence of sap-null mutant strains. However, the exclusive contribution of SAP genes to their attenuated phenotype was not unequivocally confirmed, as the Ura status of these mutant strains could also have contributed to the attenuation. In this study, we have reassessed the importance of SAP1 to SAP6 in a murine model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis using sap-null mutant strains not affected in their URA3 gene expression and compared their virulence phenotypes with those of Ura-blaster sap mutants. The median survival time of BALB/c mice intravenously infected with a mutant strain lacking SAP1 to SAP3 was equivalent to that of mice infected with wild-type strain SC5314, while those infected with mutant strains lacking SAP5 showed slightly extended survival times. Nevertheless, no differences could be observed between the wild type and a Δsap456 mutant in their abilities to invade mouse kidneys. Likewise, a deficiency in SAP4 to SAP6 had no noticeable impact on the immune response elicited in the spleens and kidneys of C. albicans-infected mice. These results contrast with the behavior of equivalent Ura-blaster mutants, which presented a significant reduction in virulence. Our results suggest that Sap1 to Sap6 do not play a significant role in C. albicans virulence in a murine model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis and that, in this model, Sap1 to Sap3 are not necessary for successful C. albicans infection.
[Relationships between mandibular canine calcification stages and skeletal maturity].

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between mandibular canine calcification and skeletal maturity. METHODS Hand wrist and mandibular canine radiographs of 106 boys and 152 girls in Beijing area were assessed. RESULTS Mandibular canine calcification coincides with the initiation of puberty in male (93.8%) and with the deceleration of puberty in female(89.7%). However the coincidence with the indicators of other pubertal stages was less than 50%. CONCLUSION Mandibular canine calcification just can give an initial assessment for estimating the timing of puberty.
The Pyramid Scheme: Oblivious RAM for Trusted Processors

Modern processors, e.g., Intel SGX, allow applications to isolate secret code and data in encrypted memory regions called enclaves. While encryption effectively hides the contents of memory, the sequence of address references issued by the secret code leaks information. This is a serious problem because these leaks can easily break the confidentiality guarantees of enclaves. In this paper, we explore Oblivious RAM (ORAM) designs that prevent these information leaks under the constraints of modern SGX processors. Most ORAMs are a poor fit for these processors because they have high constant overhead factors or require large private memories, which are not available in these processors. We address these limitations with a new hierarchical ORAM construction, the Pyramid ORAM, that is optimized towards online bandwidth cost and small blocks. It uses a new hashing scheme that circumvents the complexity of previous hierarchical schemes. We present an efficient x64-optimized implementation of Pyramid ORAM that uses only the processor's registers as private memory. We compare Pyramid ORAM with Circuit ORAM, a state-of-the-art tree-based ORAM scheme that also uses constant private memory. Pyramid ORAM has better online asymptotical complexity than Circuit ORAM. Our implementation of Pyramid ORAM and Circuit ORAM validates this: as all hierarchical schemes, Pyramid ORAM has high variance of access latencies; although latency can be high for some accesses, for typical configurations Pyramid ORAM provides access latencies that are 8X better than Circuit ORAM for 99% of accesses. Although the best known hierarchical ORAM has better asymptotical complexity, Pyramid ORAM has significantly lower constant overhead factors, making it the preferred choice in practice.
ANALISIS KOMPARASI TINGKAT PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KOPI DENGAN BERBAGAI POLA TANAM (Monokultur dan Polikultur) DI KABUPATEN DAIRI KECAMATAN SUMBUL DESA TANJUNG BERINGIN

ABSTRAK Untuk mengetahui usahatani kopi Arabika yang memberikan pendapatan yang lebih tinggi maka dilakukan analisis pendapatan pada usahatani kopi Arabika yang ditanam secara monokultur dan tumpangsari kemudian dikomparasikan dengan menggunakan uji beda rata–rata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produktivitas rata–rata budidaya kopi Arabika yang ditanami secara monokultur yaitu 79,6 % dari produktivitas rata–rata budidaya kopi Arabika yang ditanami secara tumpangsari. Pendapatan rata–rata per Ha budidaya kopi Arabika secara monokultur yaitu 67,49% dari pendapatan budidaya kopi Arabika secara tumpangsari. Hasil untuk setiap komparasi antara produktivitas dan tingkat pendapatan antara usahatani kopi Arabika secara monokultur dan tumpangsari yaitu terima H1, artinya terdapat perbedaan yang nyata untuk masing–masing komparasi antara produktivitas dan tingkat pendapatan usahatani Kopi Arabika yang dilakukan secara monokultur dan tumpangsari. Permasalahan yang dihadapi petani dalam budidaya kopi Arabika yaitu pengaruh iklim dan lingkungan, skala usaha, informasi harga, rendahnya pengetahuan tentang budidaya tumpangsari, perawatan yang intensif, dan tenaga kerja. Kata kunci: Kopi Arabika, Analisis Komparasi, Pendapatan
The Addition of Dilute Epinephrine Produces Equieffectiveness of Bupivacaine Enantiomers for Cutaneous Analgesia in the Rat

We investigated the effectiveness for cutaneous analgesia of bupivacaine (Bup) stereoisomers in male rats. As a model of infiltration anesthesia, inhibition of a nocifensive reflex by subcutaneous injection of 0.6 mL of different concentrations of R-, S-, and racemic-Bup was evaluated quantitatively by the fraction of times a pinprick failed to evoke a nocifensive motor response. R-Bup was more potent in the extent of block; however, S-Bup had a longer-lasting action at smaller doses. This significant difference was apparent when R-Bup and S-Bup were administered in equipotent doses of 0.06% and 0.075%, respectively. Co-injection of epinephrine (Epi) with these equipotent doses enhanced and prolonged the blocking effects of both Bup stereoisomers, although at dilutions of 1:100,000 to 1:1,000,000 Epi itself induced partial, transient analgesia. At 1:2,000,000 dilution, Epi alone had no analgesic effect; however, when co-injected with the shorter-acting R-Bup (0.06%), Epi prolonged its blocking effect to equal the duration of block evoked by equipotent S-Bup (0.075%). We conclude R-Bup is more potent for cutaneous analgesia and that the longer duration of block by S-Bup probably originates from vasoconstrictor activity. Implications Here we show that the more potent optical R-isomer of bupivacaine (Bup) can be used at a smaller dose (80%) than the S-isomer of Bup to give equal pain relief of a skin prick. Although the analgesia from R-Bup is briefer than that from equipotent S-Bup solutions, the durations become equal when a very dilute solution of the vasoconstrictor epinephrine is mixed with the R-isomer. The resulting vasoconstriction thus reduces vascular drug uptake and peak blood levels of systemic drug, reducing potential toxicity.
A SEM and TEM Study of the Interconnect Microstructure and Reliability for a New XFLGA Package

The paper focuses on electron microscopy investigations of board assembly for a new XFLGA package with emphasis on microstructure, intermetallic compound (IMC) and defect formation in solder to package and board metallization interfaces. XFLGA packages with NiAu lead finish were assembled using a commercial SnAg3.5Cu0. 7 solder to NiAu- or CuOSP board metallization. The interface microstructure was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after stress testing. Both regarding the discovered intermetallic compounds and crack formation no critical defect processes were detected in the interfaces. This result was further confirmed by focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations on a nanometer scale for selected samples. These results support the positive electrical reliability test results and indicate a high stability of the XFLGA component during application conditions
Periodización del entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia en piragüistas de alto nivel

Este estudio analizo los cambios en variables cardiorrespiratorias, neuromusculares, hormonales, de composicion corporal y de rendimiento en un grupo de 18 kayakistas varones de elite mundial durante una temporada completa de entrenamiento concurrente de 43 semanas, una fase de puesta a punto de 4 semanas asi como los efectos de un periodo de desentrenamiento de 5 semanas en los grupos de cesion total de entrenamiento (CE) y de reduccion parcial de entrenamiento (RE). El volumen y la intensidad de entrenamiento fueron cuantificados a nivel individual durante todas las fases del estudio. Un control exhaustivo sobre las variables que definen el programa de entrenamiento permitio alcanzar adaptaciones positivas tanto en las variables de fuerza como en las de resistencia durante un programa de entrenamiento concurrente en deportistas de elite mundial. Asi mismo, periodos cortos de CE produjeron mayores descensos del rendimiento neuromuscular y cardiorrespiratorio comparado con la estrategia de RE.
A Planar Gunn Diode Operating Above 100 GHz

We show the experimental realization of a 108-GHz planar Gunn diode structure fabricated in GaAs/AlGaAs. There is a considerable interest in such devices since they lend themselves to integration into millimeter-wave and terahertz integrated circuits. The material used was grown by molecular beam epitaxy, and devices were made using electron beam lithography. Since the frequency of oscillation is defined by the lithographically controlled anode-cathode distance, the technology shows great promise in fabricating single chip terahertz sources.
Hedge Funds for Retail Investors? An Examination of Hedged Mutual Funds

Abstract Recently, there has been rapid growth in the assets managed by “hedged mutual funds”—mutual funds mimicking hedge fund strategies. We examine the performance of these funds relative to hedge funds and traditional mutual funds. Despite using similar trading strategies, hedged mutual funds underperform hedge funds. We attribute this finding to hedge funds’ lighter regulation and better incentives. Conversely, hedged mutual funds outperform traditional mutual funds. Notably, this superior performance is driven by managers with experience implementing hedge fund strategies. Our findings have implications for investors seeking hedge-fund-like payoffs at a lower cost and within the comfort of a regulated environment.
Effects of Standing and Light-Intensity Walking and Cycling on 24-h Glucose.

PURPOSE This study aimed to compare 24-h and postprandial glucose responses to incremental intervals of standing (STAND), walking (WALK), and cycling (CYCLE) to a sit-only (SIT) condition. METHODS Nine overweight/obese (body mass index = 29 ± 3 kg·m) adults (30 ± 15 yr) participated in this randomized crossover full-factorial study, with each condition performed 1 wk apart. STAND, CYCLE, and WALK intervals increased from 10 to 30 min·h (2.5 h total) during an 8-h workday. WALK (1.0 mph) and STAND were matched for upright time, and WALK and CYCLE were matched for energy expenditure (~2 METs). Continuous interstitial glucose monitoring was performed for 24 h to include the 8-h workday (LAB), after-work evening hours (EVE), and sleep (SLEEP). Three 2-h postprandial periods were also analyzed. Linear mixed models were used to test for condition differences. RESULTS Compared with SIT (5.7 ± 1.0 mmol·L), mean 24-h glucose during STAND (5.4 ± 0.9 mmol·L) and WALK (5.3 ± 0.9 mmol·L) were lower, and CYCLE (5.1 ± 1.0 mmol·L) was lower than all other conditions (all P < 0.001). During LAB and EVE, mean glucose was lower for STAND, WALK, and CYCLE compared with SIT (P < 0.001). During SLEEP, the mean glucose for CYCLE was lower than all other conditions (P < 0.001). Compared with SIT, cumulative 6-h postprandial mean glucose was 5%-12% lower (P < 0.001) during STAND, WALK, and CYCLE, and 6-h postprandial glucose integrated area under the curve was 24% lower during WALK (P < 0.05) and 44% lower during CYCLE (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Replacing sitting with regular intervals of standing or light-intensity activity during an 8-h workday reduces 24-h and postprandial glucose. These effects persist during evening hours, with CYCLE having the largest and most sustained effect.
Elucidating the relationship between noise sensitivity and personality

Sensitivity to unwanted sounds is common in general and clinical populations. Noise sensitivity refers to physiological and psychological internal states of an individual that increase the degree of reactivity to noise in general. The current study investigated the relationship between the Big Five personality dimensions and noise sensitivity using the 240-item NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) and 35-item The Noise-Sensitivity-Questionnaire (NoiSeQ) scales, respectively. Overall, the Big Five accounted for 33% of the variance in noise sensitivity, with the Introversion-Extroversion dimension explaining the most variability. Furthermore, the Big Five personality dimensions (neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) had an independent effect on noise sensitivity, which were linear. However, additional analyses indicated that the influence of gender and age must be considered when examining the relationship between personality and noise sensitivity. The findings caution against pooling data across genders, not controlling for age, and using personality dimensions in isolation.