Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of plant chemicals on the behavior of the Mediterranean fruit fly

Throughout their lives insect herbivores are trapped between natural enemies and a deep sea of foliage or fruits of variable nutritional value (Lawton and McNeill, 1979). To navigate their way through this environment insects have developed complicated physiological and behavioral mechanisms that suit the needs of their chronological age and physiological requirements. These mechanisms drive decision making in insects and are aimed at maximizing fitness. Insect plant interactions have been studied extensively trying to give answers to both proximate and ultimate questions. Processing of visual, chemical and mechanosensory environmental information guide insects to locate host plants, and then feed and oviposit, through a series of steps that are neatly described by Schoonhoven et al. (2005). Besides host finding, feeding and oviposition, plant chemicals may also influence developmental rates and the progress of maturation (both leading to reproductive success) since they define the nutritional value of the consumed host. Also, in several insect species volatiles influence mating behavior. In some cases sexual signaling and pheromone emission begin in the presence of plant volatiles, while in other cases plant compounds are used as pheromone precursors and thus become involved as behaviour modifying chemicals indirectly. There are several studies dealing with the host finding behavior of tephritids (true flies, Diptera: Tephritidae), and the influence of plant compounds on their reproductive success. Among the most studied species is the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfy) Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), one of the most notorious pests of fruit trees. There are several studies on flies of the genus Rhagoletis, Bactrocera and Anastrepha (see Robinson and Hooper, 1989, and references therein) as well. Tephritids use both visual and chemical signals to locate and access habitat, adult food, oviposition sites and mating resources. Plant chemical cues play a crucial role in mediating host finding and oviposition (Fletcher and Prokopy, 1991). Soon after attaining adulthood both males and females need to locate food rich in proteins and carbohydrates. The availability, quality and quantity of adult food has significant effect on the ovarian maturation and egg development (Carey et al., 1998; Carey et al., 2002) but also on the reproductive success of males (Blay and Yuval, 1997; Field and Yuval, 1999; Kaspi et al., 2000; Papadopoulos et al., 1998; Shelly et al., 2002a; YuFruit Flies of Economic Importance: From Basic to Applied Knowledge Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance 10-15 September 2006, Salvador, Brazil pp. 97-106
Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of mortality in U.S. women with gynecologic cancers. Without a successful screening strategy, most women present with advanced disease associated with a poor overall survival (OS) at 5 years despite high response rates to first line chemotherapy. Preclinical data points to the importance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. Strategies to inhibit specific kinases in this pathway have been successful in laboratory studies and preliminary clinical trials. This review highlights the rationale behind the use of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in clinical trials and thoroughly reviews the available therapeutic compounds and registered clinical trials to date. It outlines the importance of targeted clinical trials and the populations most likely to benefit from this strategy. It is with great anticipation that we await the results of the upcoming registered clinical trials and the opportunity to offer this novel therapeutic strategy to our patients with ovarian cancer.
The social pillar of sustainable development: a literature review and framework for policy analysis

Abstract There is a need to develop a clearer understanding of what the social pillar of sustainable development means and how it relates to the environmental pillar. This article contributes to this process by presenting a conceptual framework that identifies four overarching social concepts and links them to environmental imperatives. These concepts are: public awareness, equity, participation, and social cohesion. The framework builds on concepts and policy objectives outlined in research on international sustainable development indicators and the social sustainability literature. The social pillar can be expanded to include environmental, international, and intergenerational dimensions. This framework can then be used to examine how states and organizations understand the social pillar and its environmental links.
Predicting Habitat Distribution of the Alien Formosan Squirrel Using Logistic Regression Model

There is growing concern about the impact on the habitat of the native Japanese squirrel (Sciurus lis) in relation to the spread of the Formosan squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus thaiwanensis), an alien species that was introduced and became naturalized in Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture, in the 1950s. We used a logistic regression model to predict the probability of occurrence of the Formosan squirrel throughout Kanagawa Prefecture. Wooded areas, the proportion of cultivated fields surrounding a wood and the proportion of evergreen trees in a wood, factors that influence the presence of Formosan squirrels, were used as environmental variables in the model. As a result, we found that woods suitable for the Formosan squirrel were distributed not only around Kamakura, which Formosan squirrels currently inhabit, but throughout Kanagawa Prefecture. Furthermore, a comparison of its current habitat and its predicted suitable habitat suggested that the assemblage of large woods along the Sagami River and Sagami Bay would be conductive to increasing its population and expanding its distribution to western Kanagawa. Because there are forests in western Kanagawa which are extensive and are expected to be a suitable habitat for the Formosan squirrel, we should prevent Formosan squirrels from invading the west side of the Sagami River.
Exploratory and Exploitative Knowledge Learning by Investment Analysts

The purpose of this study is to present and empirically examine a decision making model that incorporates explorative and exploitative learning strategies in the processing of traditional financial and new knowledge asset information in the context of investment decisions. Professional investment stock analysts from Sweden and the United States participated in this study by selecting stocks based on traditional financial and knowledge asset information. The findings indicate that the categorization and classification of different information sources can influence decision making pathways leading to analysts' decisions. That is, knowledge along with information acquisition influences a middle stage of processing, while knowledge utilization impacts decision choice. This perspective may assist organizations in strategically realizing the objectives of knowledge and information interwoven in a knowledge process model.
Influence of sugar beet pulp on feeding behavior, growth performance, carcass quality and gut health of fattening pigs

Description of the subject. Dietary fiber is largely used in pig production but some contradictions appear in the literature regarding the effects on performance and health. Objectives. This paper aims to contribute to the clarification of the effects of a diet rich in sugar beet pulp on animal behavior, growth performance, carcass quality and gut health of fattening pigs. Method. Two successive batches of 24 fattening pigs were each divided into two groups fed ad libitum either a standard diet based on cereals (STD, 19% NSP [non-starch-polysaccharides]) or a fibrous diet based on 23% sugar beet pulp (HFD, 31% NSP). Results. Pigs activity rate and feeder occupancy duration were increased by 57% and 165% for group fed HFD, respectively (P < 0.05). The fecal bacteria counts showed increases with HFD for Lactobacillus (10.21 vs 9.84 log10 of cfu·g-1 of feces dry matter, P < 0.05) and Bifidobacterium (9.49 vs 8.88, P < 0.01) but decreases for Enterobacteriaceae (4.85 vs 5.97, P < 0.001). Reductions of the average daily gain (788 vs 876 g per day, P < 0.001) and the dressing percentage (75.7 vs 78.9%, P < 0.001) were observed with HFD. Gastric lesion score was decreased with HFD (0.82 vs 1.55, P < 0.05). For pigs fed HFD, the proportion of surface area occupied by goblet cells was increased in the jejunum (10.06 vs 7.99%, P < 0.01) and the number of CD3 lymphocytes was increased in the colon (1.24 vs 0.90·mm-², P < 0.05). Conclusions. HFD contributes to strengthen the gut health of fattening pigs, but it impairs growth performance and carcass traits.
Oral malodor ADA COUNCIL ON SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS

O ral malodor, also known as bad breath, is a common complaint among the general population. Recently, this area has witnessed growing technology and communications, particularly an enormous increase in advertisements for bad-breath remedies on the Internet, on television and in magazines. This, in turn, has raised the levels of information and misinformation about bad breath among the patient population. Early scientific research assessed the effects of oral microorganisms and conditions within the mouth, nose and sinuses on the production of breath odor. Thirty-one years ago, a study by McNamara and colleagues revealed sufficient information to determine that the major cause of bad breath is the oral microflora that produces volatile odoriferous molecules (including sulfur compounds and organic acids among others). Subsequent studies noted that this malodor can be controlled by cleaning the teeth and tongue. Recent research on oral malodor has revived the dental profession’s interest in this area. On one hand, concerns have been raised about commercial “breath clinics” and products that lack scientific credentials. On the other hand, there is a need for the dental profession to identify and consolidate the current knowledge in this area, to give balanced scientific information to patients and to increase the education of dentists and dental students in this area. Oral malodor is a
Interface mechanics of adhesiveless microtransfer printing processes

Microtransfer printing is a versatile process for retrieving, transferring, and placing nanomembranes of various materials on a diverse set of substrates. The process relies on the ability to preferentially propagate a crack along specific interfaces at different stages in the process. Here, we report a mechanics-based model that examines the factors that determine which interface a crack will propagate along in microtransfer printing with a soft elastomer stamp. The model is described and validated through comparison to experimental measurements. The effects of various factors, including interface toughness, stamp geometry, flaw sizes at the interfaces, and nanomembrane thickness, on the effectiveness of transfer printing are investigated using a fracture-mechanics framework and finite element modeling. The modeling results agree with experimental measurements in which the effects of interface toughness and nanomembranes thickness on the transfer printing yield were examined. The models presented can be used to guide the design of transfer printing processes.
Production of Bioethanol from Elephant Grass ( Pennisetum purpureum ) Stem

The production of bio-ethanol from Elephant grass (Pennisetun purpureum) stem was carried out using elephant grass stem as a feedstock, combination of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer’s yeast) as cells by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). For this study, pretreated and untreated elephant grass were considered for ethanol production. Alkaline pretreatment was done by soaking the sample in 1M NaOH for 2-10hrs at 1:10 solid/liquid ratio. The effects of temperature at 25C, 30C, 35C, 40C and 45C; pH values of 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5; substrate concentration values of 1%(w/v), 2%(w/v), 3%(w/v), 4%(w/v) and 5%(w/v); particle size range of 53106μm, 106-150μm, 150-250μm, 250-300μm and 300-425μm; and cell loading combination of Aspergillus niger at 0.2%(w/v) 0.4%(w/v), 0.6%(w/v), 0.8%(w/v), 1%(w/v) concentrations and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer’s yeast) at 0.5% (w/v), 1%(w/v), 1.5%(w/v), 2%(w/v), 2.5%(w/v) on the hydrolysis and fermentation process were investigated to obtain optimum conditions of fermentation. The optimum conditions of fermentation were obtained at temperature of 35C, pH value of 5.5, substrate concentration of 30g/l, particle size range of 250-300μm and Aspergillus niger to yeast ratio of 0.6/1.5 after 72 hours of fermentation time. Also substrate concentration of 30g/l, gave highest ethanol concentration of 23.4g/l and a yield of 78%.
Molecular epidemiology of Mycoplasma synoviae infection in commercial layers.

Mycoplasma synoviae (M. synoviae) infection is a cause of great economic loss in commercial egg layer hens. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of M. synoviae and to compare the characteristics of M. synoviae infected and free flocks of commercial layers. A total of 400 tracheal swabs and 400 blood serum samples were collected from 20 different layer flocks. Random Amplified Polymorfic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used for the molecular typing of M. synoviae isolates to determine the source of infection. M. synoviae was isolated from 89 tracheal swabs collected from 5 out of 20 flocks. The genetic similarity between field strains ranged from 53% to 100% as determined by RAPD analysis. All M. synoviae strains separated into 2 main-clusters in UPGMA dendogram. These results revealed that the 5 infected flocks were contaminated from 2 different sources. The egg production of positive flocks was statistically lower (P<0.05) than that of the pathogen free flocks. Infection was more frequent in multi-age farms and on sites with several houses. The mortality of infected flocks was higher than uninfected flocks, but this difference was not statistically significant. The mean weight of eggs and the average live weight of hens were similar in free and infected flocks. In conclusion, M. synoviae infection significantly decreased egg production in layer hens and was more frequent in multiage farms.
Welfare state values in the European Union, 2002–2008. A multilevel investigation of formal institutions and individual attitudes

This article investigates to what extent EU citizens support three dimensions of welfare state values – developed role of state, equal opportunities and equal outcomes – and whether national level institutions and social policies can explain cross-national variation in these values. Two different mechanisms are distinguished, namely that institutions can have a norm-shaping function and thus are associated with stronger public support or that the public opinion can function as a thermostat if they are dissatisfied with the current institutions. Using data from 150,000 citizens of 25 EU countries between 2002 and 2008, empirical evidence for both the norm-shaping and the thermostat functions are found. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Bioactive peptides from meat and their influence on human health.

Bioactive peptides are functional components, encrypted in the proteins and can be derived from food of plant and animal origin, including meat. After releasing during gastrointestinal digestion or food processing, these peptides exhibit many different effects on human body such as antioxidative, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, cytomodulatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic and anti-obesity effects, which mainly depends on their structure and other properties. Considering bioactive activities of these peptides and their beneficial influence on health on one side, and millions of deaths caused by cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases associated with lifestyle on the other side, it is obvious that these peptides can be used for health promotion and disease risk reduction, especially because they have some advantages compared to synthetic drugs.
Body Composition and Performance in Cross Country Skiing

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the relationship between volume and intensity of work that the cross country ski during the macrocycle training and supplementation, and changes in body composition. This work is based on analysis of source materials, obtained from conducted individually by the athlete registration process of training, maximal exercise test results and the results of measurements of body composition performed in the laboratory functional studies. The highest results in terms of oxygen uptake test obtained during the second measurement. VO2 max reached the 3.2 l / min and 54 mL / kg / min VO2 on the threshold LT 49 ml / kg / min,% VO2 max on the threshold LT 90.7. The maximum values of blood lactate level in the course of further tests were progressive 8.4 mmol / l 4.33 mmol / l and 9.39 mmol / l. The fat within the macrocycle decreased by 2.6% (1.8 kg). The lowest value was recorded adipose tissue after a period of preparation of the main (measurement of 22/08/2013) and amounted to 8.2% (4.8 kg). The effect of endurance training in an increase of the ceiling of oxygen and lactate threshold shift towards higher loads. Has reduced the level of adipose tissue, which may be the result of physical exertion, but carried supplementation based on building lean body mass at the expense of body fat. This is a translation of my authorship the original source, which was publicated in an edition of the Scientific Publishing Sophia in 2015 1 . It aims to increase the accessibility of the text. 1 N. Grzebisz. Zarządzanie treningiem i suplementacją a parametry wydolnościowe i sklad masy ciala u biegaczki narciarskiej . Wybrane aspekty zarządzania a jakośc zycia / red. nauk. Ireneusz Miciula. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Sophia, Katowice 2015. S. 156-168 World Scientific News 45(2) (2016) 342-354 -343
The Relationship Between Network Capabilities and Innovation Performance : Evidence from Chinese High-Tech Industry

Firms situated within innovation networks require specific abilities to acquire, from their network partners, the knowledge and the complementary assets that facilitate their innovation performance. Drawing on the resource-based view and social network theory, this study identifies two types of network capabilities: network structural capability and network relational capability. The purpose of this study is to deepen our understanding of the precise manner in which these network capabilities affect the networked firm’s innovation performance. Based on the data obtained from Chinese high-tech firms, this study’s findings suggest that network structural capability has a greater positive impact on innovation performance than network relational capability does within an exploration-orientated network. However, network relational capability is more positively associated with innovation performance within an exploitation-orientated network.
Motivated to Succeed? Attitudes to Education Among Native and Immigrant Pupils in England

We study attitudes to education among English adolescents. Using PISA data, we show there is considerable variation in these attitudes depending on background: immigrant students have substantially and significantly more positive attitudes to school than native children, a difference that amounts to around 0.2 standard deviations. There is no difference between first- and second-generation immigrants, and the attitude gap does not appear to depend on particular schools' policies. We also show that students in London have more positive attitudes to education on average, but this is entirely accounted for by the distribution of children of immigrants in that city.
Fecundity of a native herbivore on its native and exotic host plants and relationship to plant chemistry

The host range expansion of the specialist milfoil weevil, Euhrychiopsis lecontei, from the native Myriophyllum sibiricum (northern watermilfoil) to invasive M. spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil) is one of the few examples of a native insect herbivore preferring, growing and surviving better on a nonindigenous host plant than it does on its native host plant. The milfoil weevil’s preference for the nonindigenous plant can be induced during juvenile development or through exposure to Eurasian watermilfoil as an adult. We evaluated how the fecundity of the milfoil weevil was affected over time by juvenile and adult exposure to the native, invasive and invasive × native hybrid milfoils and whether fecundity was correlated with host plant quality. Weevils reared on Eurasian watermilfoil laid more eggs than those reared on northern or hybrid watermilfoils. When weevils were collected from and exposed to milfoils collected directly from a lake, Eurasian-reared weevils had higher fecundity and greater preference for Eurasian over northern watermilfoil. When weevils were reared on and allowed to oviposit on milfoils grown in a common environment, the differences in fecundity and preference for Eurasian over northern or hybrid watermilfoils diminished. In Eurasian-northern experiments, milfoil weevils laid more than 80% of their eggs on Eurasian watermilfoil, but that value decreased when plants from common environments were used. Despite this preference, most weevils continued to use both hosts indicating that a complete host switch is unlikely. Weevils showed no oviposition preference between Eurasian and hybrid milfoils. The milfoil weevil had higher fecundity on Eurasian watermilfoil, which had a higher concentration of carbon, polyphenols and lignin than did northern watermilfoil, which had a higher concentration of ash. The milfoil weevil’s preference for Eurasian watermilfoil was affected by changes in plant chemistry, and ash appeared to act as a deterrent to oviposition on northern watermilfoil. The milfoil weevil can modify its response based on host-plant chemistry.
Buckets : Upper and Lower Bounds for r-Fold Approximate Differential Privacy

Many applications require robust guarantees against thousands and sometimes millions of observations, such as anonymous communication systems, privacy-enhancing database queries, or privacyenhancing machine-learning methods. The notion of r-fold Approximate Differential Privacy (ADP) offers a well-established framework with a precise characterization of the degree of privacy after r observations of an attacker. However, existing bounds for r-fold ADP are loose and, if used for estimating the required degree of noise for an application, can lead to overcautious choices for perturbation randomness and thus to suboptimal accuracy. We present a numerical (although widely applicable) method for capturing the privacy loss of differentially private mechanisms under composition, which we call privacy buckets. With privacy buckets we compute provable upper and lower bounds for ADP for a given number of observations. We compare our bounds with state-of-the-art bounds for r-fold ADP, including Kairouz, Oh, and Viswanath’s composition theorem (KOV), concentrated dfferential privacy and the moment’s accountant. We compare these bounds for the Laplace mechanism, the Gauss mechanism, for real-world timing leakage data and for the stochastic gradient descent and we significantly improve over their results (with the exception that the KOV bound seems tight for the Laplace mechanism). Moreover, our lower bounds almost meet our upper bounds, showing that no significantly tighter bounds are possible. *The authors are in alphabetical order. Both authors equally contributed to this work.