Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbonic anhydrase II regulates differentiation of ameloblasts via intracellular pH‐dependent JNK signaling pathway

Differentiation of ameloblasts from undifferentiated epithelial cells is controlled by diverse growth factors, as well as interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme. However, there is a considerable lack of knowledge regarding the precise mechanisms that control ameloblast differentiation and enamel biomineralization. We found that the expression level of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) is strongly up‐regulated in parallel with differentiation of enamel epithelium tissues, while the enzyme activity of CA was also increased along with differentiation in ameloblast primary cultures. The expression level of amelogenin, a marker of secretory‐stage ameloblasts, was enhanced by ethoxzolamide (EZA), a CA inhibitor, as well as CAII antisense (CAIIAS), whereas the expression of enamel matrix serine proteinase‐1 (EMSP‐1), a marker for maturation‐stage ameloblasts, was suppressed by both. These agents also promoted ameloblast proliferation. In addition, inhibition of ameloblast differentiation by EZA and CAIIAS was confirmed using tooth germ organ cultures. Furthermore, EZA and CAIIAS elevated intracellular pH in ameloblasts, while experimental decreases in intracellular pH abolished the effect of CAIIAS on ameloblasts and triggered the activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK). SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, abrogated the response of ameloblasts to an experimental decrease in intracellular pH, while the inhibition of JNK also impaired ameloblast differentiation. These results suggest a novel role for CAII during amelogenesis, that is, controlling the differentiation of ameloblasts. Regulation of intracellular pH, followed by activation of the JNK signaling pathway, may be responsible for the effects of CAII on ameloblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 709–719, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lower Extremity Myogenic Potentials Evoked by Acoustic Stimuli in Healthy Adults

Objective: To determine if an evoked myogenic potential could be obtained from the gastrocnemius of the leg with similar recording and stimulus parameters to those routinely used to obtain vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials from the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) of the neck. Study Design: Prospective study in which we recorded evoked myogenic potentials from the gastrocnemius and compared it with the response obtained at the SCM. Setting: University-affiliated hearing clinic. Patients: Twelve healthy adult volunteers and 1 patient with bilateral vestibular loss were studied. Ages of the healthy subjects ranged between 18 and 54 years. Main Outcome Measure(s): Myogenic potentials evoked by tone-burst stimuli (95 dB hearing level, 500 Hz) were recorded with surface electrodes over each gastrocnemius and SCM muscle and averaged. Latencies and amplitudes of the responses were measured. Results: Responses were obtained in the gastrocnemius, both ipsilateral and contralateral to the acoustic stimulus. The response consisted of 2 biphasic waves (P1-N1 and P2-N2), although not all subjects exhibited both components. The most reliable wave was P2-N2, which was measured ipsilaterally in 81% of the subjects and contralaterally in 68%. Responses were smaller and later than those in the SCM. Conclusion: An acoustically evoked myogenic potential can be recorded from the leg using the same stimulus that is routinely used to obtain a vestibular-evoked myogenic potential response from the SCM. The presence of this response in the leg ipsilateral and contralateral to the stimulated ear suggests that the response travels via crossed and uncrossed pathways in the spinal cord.
Expression of P57 Immunohistochemical Marker in Complete And Partial Hydatidiform Mole by Using Tissue Microarray Technique

Back ground: Hydatidiform mole is an abnormal form of pregnancy divided in to two types; complete hydatidiform mole and partial hydatidiform mole. Detailed histopathologic examination remains to be the basis for the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole (HM). However, poor sampling, necrosis, and earlier uterine evacuation can lead to uncertainty in the diagnosis. Also, the criteria are subjective, resulting in considerable interobserver variability.The P57KIP2 gene is paternally imprinted and maternally expressed, and the presence of its protein product serves as an adjuvant marker for the nuclear maternal genome. Because a complete HM is the only type of conceptus lacking a maternal contribution, P57 KIP2 immunostaining is correspondingly absent, whereas it is present in partial HM and normal pregnancy. Aim of The Study: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the significance of the P57KIP2 immunohistochemical marker in the diagnosis of complete and partial hydatidiform mole , and to compare the P57KIP2 immunohistochemical marker results with that of ordinary Hematoxylin and Eosin slides histopathology results, in addition to evaluation of the Tissue Microarray Technique. Materials and Methods: Seventy cases of endometrial biopsies were obtained. Histologic evaluation of all cases was performed on routine sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) and classified in complete and partial hydatidiform mole (30 each) and (10 cases) of normal product of pregnancy (abortion), and negative control slides were also used. These cases were collected during the period from December-2011 to Augest-2012. New technique is adopted in this research that is; Tissue microarray in which twelve small cores of representative tissue samples, each measure 3 mm in diameter sections from microarray block are cut using a microtome, mounted on a single microscope slide and then analyzed by staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin, then another section made for the immunohistochemical staining with P57 KIP2 antibody. Results: Regarding the expression of p57KIP2 IHC Marker in cases of PHM diagnosed previously by HE grade I, and they represented 13.3%. The correlation between the grades of the CHM and the results of the p57KIP2 IHC marker was statistically significant. Conclusion: P57KIP2 IHC marker is a useful adjunct, providing a definitive diagnosis of CHM. Errors in morphologic analysis resulted primarily in over diagnosis of PHM are more frequent than in CHM. There are significant differences in correct classification of hydatidiform mole between using P57KIP2 IHC marker and using H&E stain Cases in grade I of CHM were correlated significantly with the errors in morphological analysis resulted primarily in over diagnosis of CHM. Tissue Microarray is a relatively simple method can be used in pathology laboratories to decreased assay volume, time and cost.
Cognitive mediators of the effect of peer victimization on loneliness.

BACKGROUND The impact of stress on psychological adjustment may be mediated by cognitive interpretations (i.e., appraisals) of events for individuals. Defining characteristics of loneliness suggest that appraisals of blame, threat, and perceived control may be particularly important in this domain. AIMS To evaluate the extent to which cognitive appraisals (perceived control, threat, and blame) can mediate the effect of peer victimization on loneliness. SAMPLE One hundred and ten children (54 boys, 56 girls) aged 8-12 years attending mainstream schools in Scotland. METHOD Self-report measures of peer victimization, appraisal, and loneliness. RESULTS Perceived control partially mediated the effects of peer victimization on loneliness, but neither blame nor threat were mediators. All three measures of control were significantly associated with loneliness at the bivariate level, but only perceived control was significant when the appraisals were entered as predictors in a hierarchical multiple linear regression. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the importance of research designs assessing multiple categories of appraisal. Furthermore, they suggest that intervention efforts aiming to combat feelings of loneliness within a peer victimization context should address children's appraisals of perceived control.
Context-dependent modeling and speaker normalization applied to reservoir-based phone recognition

Reservoir Computing (RC) has recently been introduced as an interesting alternative for acoustic modeling. For phone and continuous digit recognition, the reservoir approach obtained quite promising results. In this work, we further elaborate this concept by porting some well-known techniques used to enhance recognition rates of GMM-based models to Reservoir Computing. In particular, we introduce context-dependent (CD) triphone states to model co-articulation and pronunciation mismatches arising from an imperfect lexicon. We also propose to incorporate two speaker normalization methods in the feature space, namely mean \& variance normalization and vocal tract length normalization. The impact of the investigated techniques is studied in the context of phone recognition on the TIMIT corpus. Our CD-RC-HMM hybrid yields a speaker-independent phone error rate (PER) of 22\% and a speaker-dependent PER of 20.5\%. By combining GMM and RC-based likelihoods at the state level, these scores can be reduced further.
Simulating Mobility and DTNs with the ONE

Delay-tolerant Networking (DTN) enables communication in sparse mobile ad-hoc networks and other challenged environments where traditional networking fails and new routing and application protocols are required. Past experience with DTN routing and application protocols has shown that their performance is highly dependent on the underlying mobility and node characteristics. Evaluating DTN protocols across many scenarios requires suitable simulation tools. This paper presents the Opportunistic Networking Environment (ONE) simulator specifically designed for evaluating DTN routing and application protocols. It allows users to create scenarios based upon different synthetic movement models and real-world traces and offers a framework for implementing routing and application protocols (already including six well-known routing protocols). Interactive visualization and post-processing tools support evaluating experiments and an emulation mode allows the ONE simulator to become part of a real-world DTN testbed. We examine a range of published simulation studies which demonstrate the simulator’s flexible support for DTN protocol evaluation.
Low Birth Weight and Male Reproductive Function

Scientific interest in morbidity in children born small for gestational age (SGA) has increased considerably over the last few decades. The elevated risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adulthood in individuals born SGA has been well documented, whereas data on gonadal development are limited. Prospective studies, case-control investigations and registry surveys show that impaired intrauterine growth increases the risks of congenital hypospadias, cryptorchidism and testicular cancer approximately two- to threefold. Although few studies focus on the effect of intrauterine growth on male pubertal development, testicular hormone production or sperm quality, available evidence points towards a subtle impairment of both Sertoli cell and Leydig cell function. Animal studies support the hypothesis that impaired perinatal growth restriction, depending on the timing, can affect postnatal testis size and function into adulthood. Current human data, however, are often based on highly selected hospital populations and lack precise distinctions between low birth weight, SGA, timing of growth restriction and a differentiation of catch-up growth patterns. Despite the methodological inadequacies of individual study results, the combined evidence from all data leaves little doubt that fetal growth restriction is associated with increased risk of male reproductive health problems, including hypospadias, cryptorchidism and testicular cancer.
Benefits of the metabolic approach in cardiac rehabilitation

Patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation may derive benefit from combining trimetazidine with exercise training, because both treatments produce similar effects in the cardiovascular system. Patients with viable myocardium should, in theory, obtain the greatest benefit, because trimetazidine improves the contractility of dysfunctional hibernating/stunned myocardium, whereas exercise has the ducumented ability to improve the endothelial vasomotor response of coronary arteries, to stimulate the coronary collateral circulation and small vessel growth, to improve left ventricular function, and to increase functional capacity. At present, however, there are no published reports on the efficacy of the combination of trimetazidine with exercise training. ■ Heart Metab. 2008;39:25-28.
BRR-CVR: A Collaborative Caching Strategy for Information-Centric Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the major technique in the sensing layer of Internet of Things. Because the WSN is extensively regarded as a data-centric network, more and more researchers start to exploit information-centric networking (ICN), a major branch of future network architecture, to design WSNs. In this paper, we propose a collaborative caching strategy for information-centric wireless sensor network (ICN-WSN). The proposed strategy consists of three parts: the node betweenness based cache size adjustment, the data replacement frequency based cache decision, and the content value based cache replacement algorithm. Based on our developed prototype of ICN-WSN, we compared our caching strategy with traditional strategies. Extensive experiments have been performed in terms of energy consumption, hit ratio, average delay and average hops. The results show that our strategy can improve the hit ratio of content caching, and in the meanwhile reduce the average delay, average hops, and energy consumption.
Characteristics of Early Flame Development in a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition CNG Engine Fitted with a Variable Swirl Control Valve

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of the structure of the induction flow on the characteristics of early flames in a lean-stratified and lean-homogeneous charge combustion of compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel in a direct injection (DI) engine at different engine speeds. The engine speed was varied at 1500 rpm, 1800 rpm and 2100 rpm, and the ignition timing was set at a 38.5° crank angle (CA) after top dead center (TDC) for all conditions. The engine was operated in a partial-load mode and a homogeneous air/fuel charge was achieved by injecting the fuel early (before the intake valve closure), while late injection during the compression stroke was used to produce a stratified charge. Different induction flow structures were obtained by adjusting the swirl control valves (SCV). Using an endoscopic intensified CCD (ICCD) camera, flame images were captured and analyzed. Code was developed to analyze the level of distortion of the flame and its wrinkledness, displacement and position relative to the spark center, as well as the flame growth rate. The results showed a higher flame growth rate with the flame kernel in the homogeneous charge, compared to the stratified combustion case. In the stratified charge combustion scenario, the 10° SCV closure (medium-tumble) resulted in a higher early flame growth rate, whereas a homogeneous charge combustion (characterized by strong swirl) resulted in the highest rate of flame growth.
A pilot flipped engineering education class utilizing the online delivery of lectures with speech-synchronized PC-screen-capture technology

"Flipped classrooms" have been tested in engineering education through the on-line delivery of lectures using speech-synchronized PC-screen-capture technology (SS-capture) to increase engineering students' enthusiasm towards studying. The SS-capture system records Screenshots as a series of still images synchronously with input from a microphone. The resultant recording is akin to a slide show and can be readily distributed and viewed on-line using a web server and browser respectively. The SS-capture system removes barriers that ordinarily inhibit average teachers in faculties of engineering, who often lack a background in educational technology, from implementing a flipped classroom. Although the SS-capture system requires students to exert more effort than in a traditional lecture-based classroom, they nevertheless gave it high praise since it allowed them to learn at their own pace. The benefits of flipped classrooms include increased learning time, proactive student participation/interaction, a subjective understanding of course content, and a substantial rise in academic performance.
THERMAL RESISTANCE, SURVIVAL AND INACTIVATION OF ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII (CRONOBACTER SPP.) IN POWDERED AND RECONSTITUTED INFANT FORMULA

Enterobacter sakazakii has recently been recognized as an opportunistic foodborne pathogen, and dry infant formula serves as the mode of transmission. The objectives of this study were to investigate the heat resistance, survival and inactivation under room and refrigeration temperatures storage of dry and reconstituted infant formula milk (IFM). E. sakazakii strains (eight strains) showed a wide variability in heat resistance at different temperatures (55, 60 and 63C). The D-values at 55C ranged from 1.51 to 14.83 min, at 60C from 0.17 to 2.71 min and at 63C from 0.05 to 0.88 min. The calculated z values for the studied E. sakazakii strains ranged from 3.76–10.11C. Microwave oven heating of 60-mL portions of reconstituted IFM for 40–50 s was effective in eradicating inoculated E. sakazakii. Storing powdered IFM for 15 days at 4C resulted in at least a 1-log reduction in E. sakazakii strains, whereas storing reconstituted IFM at 4C for 2 weeks resulted in more than a 2-log reduction in E. sakazakii. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This study shows that E. sakazakii strains differ widely in their heat resistance. No differences were observed between biofilm formers and nonformers in terms of heat-resistance in thermal inactivation kinetics experiments. Conventional high temperature short-time pasteurization processes are considered sufficient to inactivate all E. sakazakii strains, and a household microwave oven (40–50 s for 60-mL portions) can be used to inactivate E. sakazakii if present in reconstituted infant formula milk (IFM). Growth of E. sakazakii can be inhibited in powdered and reconstituted IFM by refrigeration. Also, it is recommended that reconstituted IFM be discarded or refrigerated if not immediately consumed. The probiotic L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 was not effective in inhibiting E. sakazakii in powdered or reconstituted IFM.
On the significance of the corpus size in affix-order research i

This article discusses suffix ordering in derivation in a Slavic language (Bulgarian) and a Romance language (Italian) and examines the reliability of different sources of data. The theoretical part is couched in a cognitive approach to affix order (Manova 2011b) which sees derivational suffix combinations as binary structures of the type SUFF1-SUFF2 ii where SUFF1 has three valency positions for further suffixation: SUFF2 N , SUFF2 A and SUFF2 V . There is either a single SUFF2 of each lexical category or if more than one SUFF2 of the same lexical category is available, there is one SUFF2 that attaches by default, that is, the majority of the types are derived by a single SUFF2, or the available SUFF2 suffixes express completely different semantics (e.g., an abstract noun and an object). The data come from various sources, including specialized electronic resources and corpora. A specialized resource (one annotated for research on derivational morphology) based on a well-balanced relatively small corpus appears as reliable as a one-hundred-times-larger electronic corpus.
Clinical Application of Intravascular Ultrasound in Coronary Artery Disease: An Update

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) employs a miniature ultrasound probe positioned at the tip of a coronary catheter to emit ultrasound signal which is reflected from surrounding tissue and then reconstructed into a real-time tomographic gray-scale image. IVUS directly images the vessel inside, allowing measurement of plaque morphology, distribution and exact vessel composition. Recent technical developments enable processing of the backscattered ultrasound radiofrequency signal underlying the gray-scale image. Therefore, IVUS can now provide more accurate measurement of tissue properties than traditional gray-scale images by different methods of tissue characterization. Thin-cap tibroatheroma by virtual histology was a proved risk factor for future cardiac events. Clinical trials disclosed significant improvement in patient outcome and reduced complications by IVUS-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which can also provide more information in angiographic ambiguous lesions. 3-4 mm^2 for non-left main (LM) lesion or 5.9-7.5 mm^2 for LM lesion are considered the cut-off minimal lumen areas to identify significant stenosis. After stenting, in-stent minimal area≥90% of the average reference lumen area or≥100% of the lumen area of the reference segment with the lowest lumen area are IVUS-acceptable. In conclusion, IVUS is a powerful imaging modality which can provide more information before, during and after PCI to facilitate the procedure. Therefore, it should be used more widely in order to improve clinical outcomes and quality of our interventions.
Choroidal metastasis as a first sign of recurrence in a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma.

CASE REPORT A 40-year-old man with a history of gastric adenocarcinoma presented with progressive visual loss in his right eye. A solitary choroidal tumour was found, but no clinically detectable metastasis initially. COMMENTS This patient represents a rare occurrence of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma to the choroid and optic nerve, developing as a first sign of systemic recurrence.
The Circumstellar Environment of the FU Orionis Pre-Outburst Candidate V1331 Cygni

High resolution (~4") aperture synthesis maps of the CO (1→ 0), ^(13)CO (1→0), ^(13)CO (2→1), and asociated continuum emission from the FU Orions candidate V1331 Cygni reveal a massive, 0.5 ± 0.15 M_☉, circumstellar disk surrounded by a flattened gaseous envelope, 6000 x 4400 AU in size, mass >0.32 M_☉. These images and lower resolution measurements also trace a bipolar outflow and gaseous ring, 4.1 by 2.8 x 10^4 AU, mass greater than or equal to 0.07 M_☉, radially expanding at 22 ± 4 kms^(-1). We suggest this ring is a swept-up gaseous torus from an energetic mass ejection stage, possibly an FU Orionis outburst or outburts, ~4 x 10^3 yr ago that imparted >10^(45) ergs into the ambient cloud.
Trabeculectomy versus combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy in pediatric glaucoma.

PURPOSE To compare outcomes between trabeculectomy and combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy in children with glaucoma. METHODS This was a retrospective, comparative study of 40 eyes in 33 patients with pediatric glaucoma: 17 eyes treated with trabeculectomy and 23 eyes treated with combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy. Both groups were treated with intraoperative mitomycin C. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) of 21 mm Hg or less and greater than 5 mm Hg with no additional glaucoma surgery. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 38.3 months. There was no significant difference in mean IOP lowering between groups during the follow-up period. Log-rank survival analysis showed a significantly higher success rate after combined surgery compared with trabeculectomy (P = .027). Treatment failures occurred in 5 patients with trabeculectomy and in 2 patients undergoing combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy. Failures resulted from increased IOP (n = 3) or hypotony (n = 4). There were no significant differences in complications observed after surgery in both groups. CONCLUSION Trabeculectomy and combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy with mitomycin C were equally effective at lowering average IOP in children. Combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy was associated with greater long-term success.