Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bureaucratic Rationality and the Developmental State1

There has been a resuscitation of the view that the state can play an important role in the industrialization process. But, for states to be successful in fostering development, they need a considerable degree of internal cohesiveness, which is generally supplied by the presence of a robust, Weberian bureaucratic corps. This article argues that, while internal cohesiveness is indeed critical, bureaucratic rule following can produce results in the opposite direction, depending on the interagency relations that obtain within the state. The effect of interagency relations is demonstrated through an examination of India and Korea. Both have worked to foster industrialization, and both are endowed with relatively healthy bureaucracies. However, the Indian state was paralyzed and fragmented, while its Korean counterpart did secure the requisite internal coherence. Not only did the culture of rule following fail to generate a cohesive state in India, but it, in fact, worked against such an outcome.
STASIS GASTRIC ULCER: A COMPLICATION OF DUODENAL ULCER.

A causal relation between gastric stasis and gastric ulceration is suggested by the literature reviewed. In obstructive duodenal ulcer disease it is important to know that a concomitant gastric ulcer may be present and causing the symptoms. In combined ulcers, symptoms are more severe and treatment is more difficult.A clinical study of 60 cases of stasis gastric ulcer associated with chronic duodenal ulcer disease is presented. Twenty-six of these patients with gastric ulcers were bleeding at the time of their admission. The mortality rate was at least twice that for solitary ulcer. Early warning symptoms of stasis were fatigue, anorexia, fullness and weight loss; vomiting was a late manifestation. X-ray findings were often inaccurate; evidence of retention was reported in only 21. Gastric residue measurements were particularly useful in showing gastric retention.Since the basic disease in combined ulcers is the duodenal lesion, surgical treatment is primarily that for duodenal ulcer.
Physical interpretation of signal reconstruction from reduced rank matrices

An enhanced version of a signal is obtained after subtraction of a linear combination of rank one matrices from the signal observation matrix. This operation results in a nonToeplitz observation matrix. By averaging the elements of this matrix, a new Toeplitz matrix is produced and a reconstructed signal is generated. This averaging operation is examined, and physical interpretations are given. >
Observations on the central pair of microtubules from the cilia of Tetrahymena pyriformis.

Frayed cilia from Tetrahymena pyriformis have been examined in the electron microscope using both uranyl acetate and phosphotungstic acid as negative stains. Observations on the central microtubules show that one member of the pair exhibits two rows of short projections. These are about 18 nm long, and are spaced longitudinally at 16-nm intervals. In many specimens the projections are separated from the tubule wall and appear as a ladder-like structure linked by one or more longitudinal filaments. These results are related to some recent work on sectioned material; it is likely that the projections are independent of any central sheath holding the two tubules together.
The relationship between just-in-time purchasing techniques and firm performance

Just-in-time purchasing (JITP), as a process technology, is an important component of supply chain management in managing inventory flows throughout the chain. Thus far, a detailed examination of JITP relating to firm performance has not been conducted. This study fills this void in the current literature by investigating the relationships among JITP techniques and their relation to firm performance. The hypotheses based on the research model presented are tested by using data from a broader cross-sectional mail study than is reported here. The sample in this study consists of 214 organizations operating in the US and encompasses various sizes of firms and a large variety of industries. Structural equation modeling is used to test the hypotheses. JITP techniques positively and directly related to firm performance are: (1) supplier value-added, a concept that melds supplier-buyer cooperation and increased supply of quality materials and (2) quantities delivered, which refers to frequent and timely delivery of supplied materials in the right quantities. The finding that top management commitment to JITP is directly or indirectly related to other techniques of JITP underscores the importance of leadership in implementing change in organizations.
INFLUENCE OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SYSTEMS ON SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE IN PRINT MEDIA INDUSTRY IN KENYA: A CASE OF THE NATION MEDIA GROUP

Purpose: The global publishing industry is going through difficulty times as a broadband penetration rises and new devices for delivering news and content arrive on the scene. Distribution in the printing industry addresses not only outbound distribution but also inbound distribution. This study sought to assess the extent to which warehousing influences supply chain performance in media industry, to determine the influence of Transportation on supply chain performance in media industry, to find out how technology affect supply chain performance in media industry and to determine the influence of distribution channels on supply chain performance in media industry. The study was carried out at Nation Media Limited in Nairobi County. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The total population of the study was all the employees working at Nation Media Group, print media section. The study sampled 222 respondents who participated in the study. The research used the simple random sampling method because it gave every member of the population equal chances of being selected. Structure questionnaire were used to collect the primary data from the sample size. The raw data from the respondent was analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) analysis software and findings presented using descriptive statistical tools like graphs and tables. Results: The study established a positive relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Transportation was identified as very critical component of ensuring that the overall costs of operations are significantly reduced. The study indicated that the organizations need to put in place the cost control measures which will eventually result to cost reduction in the entire supply chain. The study established a positive relationship between warehousing and supply chain performance in Print media industry in Kenya. The location of warehouses in places accessible by all partners in the chain of distribution is very important in ensuring on time delivery of the product to ultimate consumers. The study has established a positive relationship between the application of information technology and supply chain performance in Print media industry in Kenya. Application of information technology has been identified as a very critical aspect that facilitates reduction of operation costs, on time delivery and customer satisfaction along the supply chain. Conclusion and policy recommendation: The study concluded that efficient distribution network system has the capability of enhancing, products quality, delivery time, customer satisfactions and reduced lead time in the supply chain.
Effects of Sodium Chlorite on Browning and Microbial Growth of Fresh-Cut ‘Green Oak’ Lettuce

The main problem of fresh-cut lettuce is browning at the cut surface and microbial contamination, which results in short shelf life. The effect of sodium chlorite (SC) on browning reduction and microbial growth on fresh-cut ‘Green oak’ lettuce salad was investigated. Green oak lettuce was washed with tap water before cutting into 3 cm of length. The samples were immediately immersed the cold solutions (4 °C) of 50 and 100 ppm SC for 1 min. The cold filtered water treatment was used as the control. The excess solution was removed by manual spindle. The treated samples were packed in polypropylene tray, top heated seal with polypropylene film, and then kept at 4 °C for 8 days. The results showed 100 ppm SC was the best concentration to reduce browning, the growth of E. coli and coliforms, and delay the increase of weight loss in fresh-cut green oak, whereas it did not have any effects on the growth of total aerobe bacteria, yeasts and molds, and firmness of fresh-cut green oak. This result implies that SC solution may be alternative substance to against browning and the growth of E. coli and coliforms in fresh-cut produce.
Pre-competitive feeling states and directional anxiety interpretations

In this study, we assessed differences in feeling states indicated by performers who reported being facilitated or debilitated by symptoms associated with competitive anxiety before competition. A sample of high-standard swimmers ( n = 190) completed a modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, including both intensity and direction subscales, and an exploratory checklist of feeling state labels, which comprised positive and negative feeling state labels. Our findings supported the general hypothesis that ‘facilitators’ report significantly more positive feelings than ‘debilitators’, who report significantly more negative feelings. Descriptive frequency counts of the largest percentage differences between ‘facilitators’ and ‘debilitators’ resulted in the selection of the ‘confident’ feeling state label on the positive subscales, with it being identified most frequently by the ‘facilitators’. Furthermore, of the negative feelings, the groups indicated the label ‘anxious’ most frequently. This study has extended previous research into the notion of positive and negative anxiety and has revealed individual differences in the combination of feeling states experienced by performers during competition.
Pattern of loco-regional failure after definitive radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with poor survival even though patients are treated with curatively intended radiotherapy. Survival is affected negatively by lack of loco-regional tumour control, but survival is also influenced by comorbidity caused by age and smoking, and occurrence of distant metastasis. It is challenging to evaluate loco-regional control after definitive radiotherapy for NSCLC since it is difficult to distinguish between radiation-induced damage to the lung tissue and tumour progression/recurrence. In addition it may be useful to distinguish between intrapulmonary failure and mediastinal failure to be able to optimize radiotherapy in order to improve loco-regional control even though it is not easy to discriminate between the two sites of failure. Material and methods. This study is a retrospective analysis of 331 NSCLC patients treated with definitive radiotherapy from 2002 to 2011. The patients were treated consecutively at the Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark with at least 60 Gy. All patients were followed in a planned follow-up schedule and no patients were lost for follow-up. Results. At the time of the analysis 93 patients had loco-regional failure only. Of these patients, 68 had intrapulmonary failure only, one patient had failure in mediastinum only, and 24 patients had intrapulmonary failure as well as mediastinal failure. Of the patients which had lung failure only, 78% had mediastinal involvement at treatment start. The only covariate with significant impact on developing intrapulmonary failure only was gross tumour volume. Median survival for the total group of 331 patients was 19 months. The median survival for patients with intrapulmonary failure only was 19 months, and it was 20 months for the patients with mediastinal relapse. Conclusion. We conclude that focus should be on increasing doses to intrapulmonary tumour volume, when dose escalation is applied to improve local tumour control in NSCLC patients treated with definitive radiotherapy, since most recurrences are located here.
Ineffectiveness of 5-Fluorouracil and Cis-Platin as Second-Line Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer

Seventeen patients with heavily pretreated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were submitted to a combination of 5-fluorouracil, 500 mg/m2 on days 1–4, and cis-platin, 50 mg/m2 on day 5, repeated every 21 days. Before administration of 5-fluorouracil, N5,N10-methyl-tetrahydrofolate, 200 mg/m2 i.v. , was given. Only 1 partial response and 4 stable disease were observed, and the median survival of the entire group was 5 months. Although all patients had been heavily pretreated and a considerable percentage (6/17, 35.2 %) of these showed resistance to first-line therapy, this combination seems to be ineffective as second-line therapy in head and neck cancer.
Teaching Strategists to Take Advantage of What Happens

Abstract Courses in strategic management should teach future strategists how to react to unexpected strategic events such as the appearance of innovative technologies, proposed mergers, drastic changes in production costs, or major actions by competitors or customers. Strategic events often trigger important changes in strategies, and reactions to strategic events make the difference between long-run success and failure. Courses can teach students about the philosophical and psychological difficulties posed by complex environments and uncertain futures and teach some procedures that help to assure that important issues receive consideration. Research may be able to identify some decision-making heuristics that foster success.
The coagulopathy of childhood leukemia thrombin activation or primary fibrinolysis?

Little information is available on the prevalence and etiology of the coagulopathy present in some children with acute leukemia at disease presentation. We studied 102 children with newly diagnosed acute leukemia (50 retrospective: Group A; and 52 prospective: Group B) with prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB), and fibrin degradation products (FDP). All patients in Group B also had assessment of thrombin activation by measurement of the crosslinked fibrin fragment, D‐dimer, and of primary fibrinolysis with the Bβ 1‐42 peptide. Additionally, ten patients from Group B had Factors II, V, VII, and × measured, and eight of these patients had measurement of tissue factor from sonicated bone marrow cells. Thirty‐two percent of Group A and 40% of Group B had totally normal coagulation studies, whereas 20% of Group A and 10% of Group B had a severe coagulopathy on disease presentation. A high percentage of both groups had elevated PT (Group A, 52%; Group B, 27%) and increased FDP (Group A, 39%; Group B, 25%). In Group B, 38% of the patients had a positive D‐dimer, whereas only 4% of this prospective group had an elevated Bβ 1‐42 peptide (P < 0.00001). Nine of ten patients with a positive D‐dimer had low levels of one or more of the extrinsic pathway factors. Three of four patients with the highest tissue factor levels were of monocytoid leukemia cell type. These data indicate that the coagulopathy associated with acute leukemia of childhood is usually mediated by thrombin activation.
Assessing the Relevance of Cloud Computing for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in the Northern Region of India

Micro Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in developing economies like India face many challenges in the form of limited capital, lack of skilled manpower, and low ICT usage. Due to these constraints, MSMEs are not able to reap various benefits which modern ICT solutions offer. In such a scenario, cloud computing can be an appropriate option for such MSMEs which are looking for improving their internal processes, enhancing communication with clients and business partners, and extending their market reach through modern ICT solutions with minimum investment and efforts. Cloud computing is an innovative technique of providing the required information and communication technology (ICT) to customers on demand and on a pay-per-usage basis through the internet. This study is an attempt towards assessing the relevance of cloud computing for MSMEs in the northern region of India. Literature review and a questionnaire based survey method were used for this purpose. Perceived benefits, perceived ease of use, cost advantage, simplicity, affordability, scalability, rapid implementation and improved business continuity were the major benefits revealed in this study whereas, security, privacy, reliability and vendor lock-in concern emerged as the main challenges in using cloud computing by the MSMEs. The study is expected to provide MSMEs an initial understanding about the significance of cloud computing for their businesses by highlighting the actual benefits and challenges linked with the adoption of cloud computing.
Urinary Tract Infection: Study of Microbiological Profile and its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

A B S T R A C T Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are counted among the most common infections in humans. In spite of the availability and use of the antimicrobial drugs, UTIs caused by bacteria have been showing increasing trends. The extensive and inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents has invariably resulted in the development of antibiotic resistance which, in recent years, has become a major problem worldwide. Patients diagnosed clinically as UTI during the study were included in the study. Urine sample of these patients were tested by microscopy &Culture. All positive cultures were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Out of total 732 patients, isolates were detected in 314(42.89%) samples. Out of these, 64.01%were female. Most common microbial agent isolated was Escherichia coli (E.coli) . E. coli was highly sensitive to Amikacin and Ceftriaxone. Whereas, E.coli was highly resistant to Ciprofloxacin and Nalidixic acid. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Gram positive organism shows that they were highly sensitive to Kanamycin and Tobramycin and resistant to Amikacin. The pattern of resistance to commonly used antibiotics for treating UTI alerts us against indiscriminate usage of antibiotics K e y w o r d s
Super directive compact antenna design using spherical wave expansion

This contribution presents a method for the design of super directive compact antenna arrays and parasitic antenna arrays based on spherical wave expansion. The optimization procedure has been derived starting from the maximum directivity formula demonstrated by Harrington (D = N2 + 2N) and has been applied for the optimization of a three- and a five-element compact antenna array of 0. 4λ0×0. 25λ0 constant maximum size. A maximum directivity of 10.4 and 14.5 dBi has been obtained by full-wave simulations in excellent agreement with theoretical results.
Intraosseous infusion devices: a comparison for potential use in special operations.

OBJECTIVE To determine which intraosseous (IO) devices were easy to learn to use, easy to use once the skill was obtained, and appropriate for the Special Operations environment. METHODS Thirty-one Navy SEAL corpsmen, Air Force pararescuemen, Army Special Forces, and Ranger medics, in a prospective, randomly assigned, cross-over study, tested four commercially available, Food and Drug Administration-cleared IO devices. The systems included the injection models First Access for Shock and Trauma (FAST, Pyng Medical) and Bone Injection Gun (Wais Medical, Kress USA Corporation) and the hand-driven threaded-needle SurFast (Cook Critical Care) and straight-needle Jamshidi needle (Baxter) models. The Special Operations medical care providers received a lecture regarding IO use, viewed videotapes of the injection models, and practiced with demonstration units in the classroom. Each participant then entered the cadaver lab where all four of the IO devices were placed in randomly assigned order. A poststudy questionnaire was then completed. The FAST was placed in the sternum, whereas the other units were placed in either medial proximal or distal medial tibia. Each participant was assessed for time, number of attempts, and success. The presence of marrow, extravasation, quality of flow, and security of needle were evaluated in combination to help determine success. RESULTS All four devices were believed to be easy to learn as well as easy to place. FAST was successful in 29 of 30 insertions (94%) with a placement time of 114 +/- 36 (mean +/- SD) seconds. The Bone Injection Gun was similarly successful (29 of 31 insertions, 94%) with a mean placement time of 70 +/- 33 seconds. This time was statistically significantly faster (p < 0.05) than that with FAST, but not with the other devices. Thirty of 31 SurFast placements (97%) were successful, on average taking 88 +/- 33 seconds to place. The Jamshidi needle also had 30 of 31 successful placements (97%) at an average 90 +/- 59 seconds. No one device was rated by the participants as significantly better than the others; however, the Bone Injection Gun did have 65% of participants rate it as first or second (closest was Jamshidi needle at 52%). CONCLUSION These IO devices were easy to teach and learn as well as easy to use. Insertion times compared favorably with peripheral intravenous catheter placement in the face of hemorrhage. All four devices can be appropriately used in the Special Operations environment and are reasonable alternatives when intravenous access cannot be gained. Although no device was rated higher than the others, particular features are desirable (low weight/size, simplicity, reusability, secure, clean, well protected).
Still in Search of the Sunk Cost Bias

Evidence from hypothetical scenarios strongly suggests the existence of a sunk cost bias, the tendency to ‘throw good money after bad money. ’ However, the few studies using incentives are inconclusive. In addition, evidence on potential psychological channels underlying such a bias is scarce. We present a laboratory experiment designed to investigate the sunk cost bias and to test some prominent psychological mechanisms. Inspired by the hypothetical scenarios, we use a two-stage investment task in which an initial investment needs to be made to start a project. In the initial investment stage, the size of the investment and the responsibility of the investor are exogenously varied. In the second investment stage, participants can either decide to terminate the project or to make an additional investment to finish the project. We do not find evidence for the sunk cost bias. To the contrary, we observe a robust reverse sunk cost bias. That is, the larger the initial investment, the lower the likelihood to continue investing in a project. Moreover, whether or not subjects are responsible for the initial investment, does not affect their additional investment. More waste averse individuals also do not react more strongly to sunk cost whereas being in the loss domain decreases additional investment. Importantly, we replicate the sunk cost bias when using hypothetical scenarios. Surprisingly, the reverse sunk cost bias also holds for those participants who exhibit a strong sunk cost bias in the hypothetical scenarios.