Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultural consistency in Australian dental students from two different ethnic backgrounds.

The objective of this study was to examine the value orientations of dental students from different ethnic backgrounds studying in Australian dental schools. A ninety-eight-item questionnaire was used to collect the data, including fifteen subscales developed consistent with the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck value orientation model. To compare the value orientation structure and to determine if any ethnic differences existed, a multivariate analysis of variance called profile analysis was performed on the fifteen value subscales. Of the 401 participants, 30.2 percent were Anglo-Australian and 44.9 percent were Asian. The remainder (24.9 percent) were "Other-background residents" or "Other-international students. " This article presents data from Asian (n=184) and Anglo-Australian (n=124) background respondents. Mean age was 21.7 years (s.e. 0.35 years) among Anglo-Australian and 20.8 years (s.e. 0.17 years) among Asians. Asians born overseas represented 70.7 percent (n=130) of this group. Of Australia-born Asians (n=54), 90.6 percent were first-generation Australians. When comparing their value profile, we found a significant association between ethnicity and value orientation profile scores (p<0.05). Despite the significant overall result, the strength of the association (eta(2)=0.007) indicated that this effect was trivial relative to the unexplained variance in value orientation. The findings suggest that, behind an apparent ethnic diversity, a single distinctive value profile might exist to which the majority of dental students subscribe.
12-month herbal medicine use for mental health from the national Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R).

BACKGROUND Herbal medicine is widely used by individuals with mental health problems, although research on their health characteristics and health care utilization patterns—including concomitant treatment with conventional mental health care and psychotropic medication—remains limited. METHODS We gathered data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), a representative survey of US adults in which diagnoses of mental disorders were based on a fully structured diagnostic interview. RESULTS Our analysis found that NCS-R respondents with mental disorders were significantly more likely to have used herbal medicines for mental health problems than respondents who did not meet criteria for a mental disorder. Users of herbal medicines for mental health problems were likely to utilize conventional health care as well, particularly conventional psychiatric medication. Herbal use also was associated with having multiple comorbid medical problems. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of US adults use herbal medicine to treat mental health problems. Herbal medicine is frequently used concomitantly with conventional health care, including prescription psychotropic medication. Herbal use also is associated with having multiple chronic medical problems. These factors increase the potential for interactions between herbal medicines and psychiatric and nonpsychiatric medications.
Enhancing Social Work Research Education through Research Field Placements.

The increase focus on the role of research in the social service sector, pressure for practitioners to engage in research and the demand for integration of research and practice challenges faculties about ways in which to engage social work students in research. This paper evaluates a research based practicum program within a social work faculty at one Canadian university aimed at meeting this need. The objectives of the practicum include providing opportunities to integrate research theory/methods with practice; develop a broad range of research knowledge and skills; reduce negative stereotypes; instill passion and excitement for research; and connect students with agencies to engage in community based research. The mixed methods evaluation of the practicum included semi-structured qualitative interviews with former and current directors (n=2); an online survey with past practicum students (n=15); and a pre- and post-test attitude/skills assessment, a self reflection journal exercise, and a focus group with students currently in practicum (n=7). Findings suggest benefits of the research practicum across stakeholders as well as several challenges and opportunities for program enhancement. Research practicum is an innovative way of engaging students in applied research which can augments research capacity, mitigate negative stereotypes about research, and better prepare future social work practitioners.
Developing a Method for Analyzing Institutional Change

The stimuli for writing this paper come from multiple sources. First, both Allan Schmid (2004) and Douglass North (2005) have urged social scientists to move beyond the static and mechanistic analysis of much of contemporary political economy and game theory that focuses on a given situation and derives predictions regarding likely outcomes. Our tools, however, are most powerfully developed for the analysis of unchanging worlds. The world, however, is always changing. The next important step for social science is developing a cluster of tools for analyzing dynamic situations - particularly institutional change. Fortunately, in chapter 13 of Conflict and Cooperation: Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Schmid has initiated a major effort to introduce approaches that can be used in the analysis of institutional change. Among the approaches he identifies is one that examines the three processes of "Social Learning, Evolution, and Emergence. " This paper is an effort to examine these processes in the context of an analysis of irrigation institutions. I focus on the processes of institutional change in relation to irrigations institutions as I do not think we can develop a general theory of institutional change until we understand the processes of change in multiple specific settings. Hopefully, the lessons learned from specific settings can be integrated into a more general theory as we progress to understand specific types of situations.
The Feminization of Poverty: Myth or Reality?

The feminization of poverty is a widely discussed concept in the mass media, and in academic circles, which captures the following facts: there are more poor women than poor men, and women are more likely to fall into poverty because of gender-related factors. In this article, I examine the concept's empirical basis and theoretical significance. The data show that poverty among men increased faster than poverty among women during the 1980-81 recession. While the sex composition of the poverty population has remained relatively unchanged since 1966, its age composition has changed: poverty has increased substantially among working men and women aged 18 to 44. Also, the higher proportion of women in the poverty population cannot be considered simply an effect of male privilege; on the contrary, it may be partially accounted for by higher mortality rates among working-class men. Theoretically, I argue that the meaning of these trends cannot be established using only age and sex categories of analysis. The trends document the progressive immiseration of the working class. Younger workers of both sexes today are worse off than older workers. A discussion of poverty purely in terms of the age, sex, or racial/ethnic composition of the poverty population hides the roots of poverty in the mode of production and succeeds in obfuscating the issues, fueling conflict between men and women, young and old, and white and nonwhite. Only by taking into account the class relations that structure people's life chances is it possible to understand the significance of present trends.
Development and Successful Application of a “Community-First” Communication Model for Community-based Environmental Health Research

Objectives: Effectively communicate results from a community exposure study to meet predetermined community priorities, maintaining ethical principles of autonomy, empowerment and justice. Methods: The community established principles for the communications and a plan to inform study participants, community and other stakeholders of results and recommendations in a novel sequence: the “Community-First” communication model. Results: The communications resulted in positive actions including company sponsored free bottled water, accepted by 77.6% of eligible households. Over 95% of participants in a follow-up survey had made some change to residential water supplies. Serum perfluorooctanoate levels were reduced. Government agencies acted on the results. Conclusions: The unique communication approach generated workable solutions to the problem investigated, raised community awareness and modified behaviors. Information generated a “free market” of community-level solutions. Each major stakeholder voluntarily adopted a “precautionary principle. ”
Endoscopic Orientation of the Parasellar Region in Sphenoid Sinus with Ill-Defined Bony Landmarks: An Anatomic Study

The sphenoid bony landmarks are important for endoscopic orientation in skull base surgery but show a wide range of variations. We aimed to describe an instructional model for the endoscopic parasellar anatomy in sphenoid sinuses with ill-defined bony landmarks. Five preserved injected cadaveric heads and four sides of dry skulls were studied endoscopically via transethmoid, transsphenoidal approach. The parasellar region was exposed by drilling along the maxillary nerve (V2) canal [the length of the foramen rotundum (FR) between the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa]. This was achieved by drilling in the inferior part of the lateral wall of posterior ethmoids immediately above the sphenopalatine foramen. Cavernous V2 was traced to the paraclival internal carotid artery (ICA). Cavernous sinus (CS) apex was exposed by drilling a triangle bounded by V2 and its canal inferiorly, bone between FR and superior orbital fissure (SOF) anteriorly, and ophthalmic nerve (V1) superiorly. Drilling was continued toward the annulus of Zinn (AZ) and optic nerve superiorly and over the intracavernous ICA posteriorly. Endoscopic measurements between V2, SOF, AZ, and opticocarotid recess were obtained. Endoscopic systematic orientation of parasellar anatomy is presented that can be helpful for approaching sphenoid sinus with ill-defined bony landmarks.
Effect of exercise on protein metabolism in humans as explored with stable isotopes.

Exercising for 3.75 h on a treadmill at 50% VO2 max in the fed state induced an increased excretion of 71 mg nitrogen/kg over the 18 h after exercise. However, measurements of the time course of changes in 13CO2 excretion from ingested [1-13C]leucine indicated that all of this increased nitrogen production occurs during the exercise period. Because of the reduced renal clearance and slow turnover of the urea pool, urea excretion lags behind urea production. Measurements of nitrogen flux from the plateau labeling of urinary ammonia achieved by repeated oral doses of 15N-labeled glycine indicated that the nitrogen loss resulted from an increase in protein degradation and a decrease in protein synthesis. Further studies with [1-13C]leucine indicated that a 2-h treadmill exercise induced an increase in the nitrogen loss from 5.4 to 16 mg . kg-1 . h-1 measured with a primed constant infusion of [1-13C]leucine. This resulted from a fall in whole-body protein synthesis. Glucose given at the rate of 0.88 g . kg-1 . h-1 depressed the rate of whole-body protein degradation and appeared to suppress the exercise-induced increase in nitrogen excretion. When leucine oxidation rates were measured at increasing work rates, a linear relationship between percentage of VO2 max and leucine oxidation was observed up to 89% VO2 max when 54% of the flux of leucine was oxidized. These changes may involve nonmuscle as well as muscle tissue. Thus the source of the increased nitrogen losses is probably liver. In muscle, protein degradation is actually decreased judged by methylhistidine excretion, whereas in liver, protein degradation may be increased. Also the fall in whole-body protein synthesis may reflect changes in nonmuscle tissues because in running rats protein synthesis in muscle is maintained. As far as leucine metabolism is concerned, because the increase in leucine oxidation occurs when leucine and its keto acid concentration falls, exercise must specifically activate the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase.
Writing about Psychoanalysis: I. Analysts Who Write and Those Who Do Not

This study of analysts' writing consists of two parts. In the following paper, I describe the difficulties facing the practicing analyst who wishes to lecture and publish his findings and ideas, whether or not he intends to cite clinical examples. I make some suggestions directed toward overcoming those (largely internal) obstacles. In a second paper, I shall discuss a special problem, concern over how our lecturing or publishing affects the analytic progress of our patients, especially with respect to analysis of the transference. “No man but a blockhead ever wrote except for money”—Boswell, Life of Johnson
Effect of hospital setting and volume on clinical outcomes in women with gestational and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE Efforts to improve health care outcomes in the United States have led some organizations to recommend specific hospital settings or case volumes for complex medical diagnoses and procedures. But there are few studies of the effect of setting and volume on maternal outcomes, particularly in complicated conditions, such as diabetes. Our objective was to estimate the effect of hospital setting and volume on childbirth morbidity and length of stay in pregnancies complicated by type 2 and gestational diabetes. METHODS We analyzed Maryland hospital discharge data during 1999-2004. The dependent variables were primary cesarean delivery, episiotomy, a composite variable for severe maternal morbidity, and hospital length of stay. The independent variables were hospital setting (community, non-teaching hospitals, community, teaching hospitals, and academic medical centers) and tertiles of annual hospital diabetes delivery volume. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess the relation of hospital setting with each outcome, adjusting for hospital volume and maternal case mix. RESULTS 5,507 deliveries with type 2 (15%) and gestational (85%) diabetes were analyzed. Primary cesarean delivery rates among women with any diabetes did not vary across settings. After adjustment for volume and patient case mix, the likelihood of severe maternal morbidity was higher among deliveries at academic centers compared to community, non-teaching hospitals (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 4.2). Academic centers had a protective effect (OR, 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7) and community teaching hospitals had a borderline protective effect (OR, 0.8; 95% CI: 0.7, 1.0) on episiotomy, compared to community, non-teaching hospitals. Length of stay was greater at academic centers and community, teaching hospitals compared to community, non-teaching hospitals (5.4 days, 3.5 days vs. 2.8 days, respectively). We did not identify an independent association between hospital diabetes volume and clinical outcomes after adjustment for case mix. CONCLUSIONS Among women with type 2 and gestational diabetes, hospital setting is associated with a higher likelihood of severe maternal morbidity and length of stay, independent of volume. Patient case mix accounts for some of the variation across settings. The volume-outcome relationship found with other complex medical conditions or procedures was not found among diabetic pregnancies. Further investigations are needed to explain variations in outcomes across hospital settings and volumes.
Balanced use of major nutrients for sustaining higher productivity of maize (Zea mays) wheat cropping system in acidic soils of Jharkhand

A field experiment was conducted with maize (Zea mays L.) wheat (Triticum aestivum. L. emend. Fiori Paol.). cropping system in acidic soils (Alfisol) of Ranchi, during the rainy and winter seasons from 1997 to 1999, to study the varying higher levels of N (180 to 240 kglha), P20, (60 to 120 kgtha) and K20 (100 to 200 kglha) on yields and NPK uptake by crops. An increase in grain yields to up to 33 and 30.0% of maize and wheat respectively was noticed, with . the higher rates of NPK application (210:90:150 kglha) over the state recommended levels (100:60:40 kglha) respectively. Total NPK uptake by both the crops was significantly higher under the modified rates of NPK compared with the state fertilizers recommendations. In general, value : cost ratio with varying levels of NPK was higher in wheat than in maize over the state fertilizer recommendations.
Quality of life, anxiety and concerns among statin‐treated children with familial hypercholesterolaemia and their parents.

Aim: To assess the quality of life, anxiety and concerns among statin‐treated children with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) and their parents. Methods: 69 FH children on statin therapy and 87 parents (51 families) participated in this study. Quality of life of the children, and anxiety levels of both the children and their parents, were investigated using self‐report questionnaires. In addition, a questionnaire was designed to evaluate FH‐specific concerns of these children and their parents on six different topics: 1, knowledge about FH; 2, experience of the disease; 3, family communication; 4, screening; 5, diet; and 6, experience of medication therapy. Results: FH children and their parents reported no problems with regard to quality of life and anxiety. In contrast, the FH survey showed specific FH‐related concerns. One‐third of the children thought that FH can be cured, and 44% of the children suffered from the fact they have FH, but taking medication makes them feel safer (62%). The majority of the children kept a low cholesterol diet and more than 50% took care not to eat too much fat. Almost 38% of the parents experienced FH as a burden to their family and 79% suffered because their child had FH.
Development and Validation of the iDI: A Short Self-Rating Disability Instrument for Low Back Pain Disorders

Study Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal validation study. Objective: Development and validation of a short, reliable, and valid questionnaire for the assessment of low back pain–related disability. Methods: The iDI was created in a stepwise procedure: (1) its development was based on the literature and theoretical consideration; (2) outcome data were collected and evaluated in a pilot study; (3) final validations were performed based on an international multicenter spine surgery outcome study including 514 patients; (4) the iDI was programmed for a tablet computer (iPad) and tested for its clinical practicability. Results: The final version of the iDI comprises of 8 simple questions related to different aspects of disability with a 5-point Likert-type answer scale. The iDI compared very well to the Oswestry Disability Index in terms of reliability and validity. The iDI was demonstrated to be suitable for data assessment on a tablet computer (iPad). Conclusions: The iDI is a short, valid, and practicable tool that facilitates routine quality assessment in terms of low back pain–related disability.
Renal structural abnormalities following recovery from acute puromycin nephrosis.

BACKGROUND Rats that recover from acute puromycin nephrosis later develop widespread glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury. The current study sought to identify structural changes present in the recovery phase that could precipitate progressive renal disease. METHODS Stereologic studies were performed 10 weeks after administration of puromycin (PAN) or saline (Cont). Serial sections were examined to assess glomerular structure. RESULTS Rats receiving puromycin developed heavy proteinuria that returned nearly to control levels at 10 weeks. Kidneys in these animals were moderately enlarged and exhibited expansion of the interstitium (PAN, 254 +/- 47 mm3; Cont, 152 +/- 23 mm3; P < 0.05). The average glomerular volume was not different from control (PAN, 1.90 +/- 0.38 x 10(6) microm3; Cont, 2.07 +/- 0.47 x 10(6) microm3), but a subpopulation of glomeruli of about half normal size was found in PAN rats. Serial sections revealed that most of these glomeruli were not connected to normal tubule segments. Serial sections also revealed that more than 90% of glomeruli in rats recovering from nephrosis had synechias joining the tuft to Bowman's capsule. Synechias occupied an average of 8 +/- 11% of the Bowman's capsule surface in PAN animals versus less than 1% of the surface in controls. The appearance of synechias was not associated with a reduction in the mean number of visceral or parietal epithelial cells per glomerulus. CONCLUSIONS Acute puromycin nephrosis does not cause a notable reduction in visceral epithelial cell number. However, widespread glomerular injury characterized by synechia between the tuft and Bowman's capsule is present following remission of proteinuria. Progression of this residual glomerular injury could contribute to the late development of glomerular segmental sclerosis following recovery from acute nephrosis.
American beauty: trade flows and export costs of US movies

This paper estimates a hedonic model of revenues for 1431 American movies in 45 non-American countries over the period 2002–2013. Such an extensive analysis is proven to be useful to estimate the effect of indicators of geographical and cultural distance on total revenue and the number of American films exported to non-American countries once the model specification also controls for relevant film features. It is found that indicators of cultural and geographical distance, in addition to the Human Development Index, have a significant effect on both the number of American films shown and the revenue obtained. Estimation results have been also used to appraise the importance of film features in different groups of countries from the perspective of their degree of development and distance from the USA.
Phase II Trial of Temsirolimus for Relapsed/Refractory Primary CNS Lymphoma.

PURPOSE In this phase II study (NCT00942747), temsirolimus was tested in patients with relapsed or refractory primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Immunocompetent adults with histologically confirmed PCNSL after experiencing high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy failure who were not eligible for or had experienced high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplant failure were included. The first cohort (n = 6) received 25 mg temsirolimus intravenously once per week. All consecutive patients received 75 mg intravenously once per week. RESULTS Thirty-seven eligible patients (median age, 70 years) were included whose median time since their last treatment was 3.9 months (range, 0.1 to 14.6 months). Complete response was seen in five patients (13.5%), complete response unconfirmed in three (8%), and partial response in 12 (32.4%) for an overall response rate of 54%. Median progression-free survival was 2.1 months (95% CI, 1.1 to 3.0 months). The most frequent Common Toxicity Criteria ≥ 3° adverse event was hyperglycemia in 11 (29.7%) patients, thrombocytopenia in eight (21.6%), infection in seven (19%), anemia in four (10.8%), and rash in three (8.1%). Fourteen blood/CSF pairs were collected in nine patients (10 pairs in five patients in the 25-mg cohort and four pairs in four patients in the 75-mg cohort). The mean maximum blood concentration was 292 ng/mL for temsirolimus and 37.2 ng/mL for its metabolite sirolimus in the 25-mg cohort and 484 ng/mL and 91.1 ng/mL, respectively, in the 75-mg cohort. Temsirolimus CSF concentration was 2 ng/mL in one patient in the 75-mg cohort; in all others, no drug was found in their CSF. CONCLUSION Single-agent temsirolimus at a weekly dose of 75 mg was found to be active in relapsed/refractory patients with PCNSL; however, responses were usually short lived.