Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yaka Nasal Harmony: Spreading or Segmental Correspondence?

I argue that this kind of nasal harmony comes about through a correspondence relation between Cs in a word rather than resulting from feature spreading. This proposal will be important in explaining the characteristics in (1) and also the neutrality of ‘prenasal’ NC complexes in the language. From a broader perspective, this approach has the potential to extend to other segmental harmonies that display similar characterizing properties (Walker 1999, to appear, Rose & Walker in prep.). The analysis is couched in Optimality Theory (OT; Prince & Smolensky 1993). The paper is organized as follows. In §1 I present data illustrating Yaka nasal harmony. In §2 I bring evidence to bear on the question whether the pattern arises through correspondence or spreading, and I diagnose it as the former. §3 lays out a theoretical overview of the correspondence approach to long-distance harmony. In §4 I develop the details of the Yaka analysis, and §5 gives the conclusion.
Secondary employment by Western Australia police officers: Factors influencing multiple jobholding and the relationship to organisational commitment

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a significant relationship between secondary employment by Western Australia police officers and organisational commitment. The study also examined whether there was a relationship between secondary employment of Western Australia police officers and, gender, work location, employment hours, rank and tenure. Finally, the study sought to understand why Western Australia police officers undertook secondary employment. A mixed methods approach to research was undertaken with 5756 Western Australia police officers sent a survey adapted from Meyer and Allen’s Three-Component Model (TCM) Employee Commitment Survey (2004). This survey tool is based on earlier studies by Meyer and Allen (1991) which suggest commitment consists of three components which they referred to as, affective commitment (an individual’s desire to remain with the organisation), normative commitment (an individual’s level of obligation to remain with an organisation) and continuance commitment (an individual’s belief that they need to remain with the organisation). The qualitative stage of the study followed which involved content analysis of interviews with 20 Western Australia police officers who indicated they engaged in secondary employment within the last 12 months. The findings of this study reveal that whilst affective, normative and continuance commitment was greater for Western Australia police officers who did not engage in secondary employment compared to those who did, it was only continuance commitment where this relationship was found to be significant. In addition, the study found there was a significant relationship between secondary employment and gender specifically, male police officers were more likely to engage in secondary employment compared to female police officers. Finally, when the motives for Western Australia police officers to work a second job were examined, it was found that enjoyment of the job exceeded financial reasons as the primary motivating factor.
Hidden founder effects: small‐scale spatial genetic structure in recently established populations of the grassland specialist plant Anthyllis vulneraria

The long‐term establishment success of founder plant populations has been commonly assessed based on the measures of population genetic diversity and among population genetic differentiation, with founder populations expected to carry sufficient genetic diversity when population establishment is the result of many colonists from multiple source populations (the ‘migrant pool’ colonization model). Theory, however, predicts that, after initial colonization, rapid population expansion may result in a fast increase in the extent of spatial genetic structure (SGS), independent of extant genetic diversity. This SGS can reduce long‐term population viability by increasing inbreeding. Using 12 microsatellite markers, we inferred colonization patterns in four recent populations of the grassland specialist plant Anthyllis vulneraria and compared the extent of SGS between recently established and old populations. Assignment analyses of the individuals of recent population based on the genetic composition of nine adjacent putative source populations suggested the occurrence of the ‘migrant pool’ colonization model, further confirmed by high genetic diversity within and low genetic differentiation among recent populations. Population establishment, however, resulted in the build‐up of strong SGS, most likely as a result of spatially restricted recruitment of the progeny of initial colonists. Although reduced, significant SGS was nonetheless observed to persist in old populations. The presence of SGS was in all populations associated with elevated inbreeding coefficients, potentially affecting the long‐term viability of these populations. In conclusion, this study illustrates the importance of studying SGS next to population genetic diversity and differentiation to adequately infer colonization patterns and long‐term establishment success of plant species.
Market of communication and internet services: research of competitive environment

The article contains the results of the study of economic activity indicators of enterprises in the market of communication and Internet services, which is being formed in Ukraine at the present time. The object of research is the process of formation and development of this market, as well as the state of the competitive environment and the development trends of this market. As methods of research, economic, marketing and competitive analyzes are chosen. The analysis of the types of services that traditional telecommunications enterprises can provide to consumers has made it possible to segment the investigated market for communication and Internet services. An analysis of the results of 2015 and 2016 makes it possible to establish some growth in the revenues of enterprises operating on the market. The greatest growth of revenues is shown by the enterprises of the segment of Internet services. The tendency of redistribution of incomes and a share of the market from the enterprises giving communications services to the enterprises rendering the Internet services is revealed. The main factor of the significant growth in the revenues of enterprises in the segment of Internet services (2016 – 48 %) is the impact of new more efficient technologies: the transition to the use of 3G technology, the introduction of mobile Internet technologies. The competitive environment of the market is investigated with the purpose of an estimation of a competition condition in the market and revealing of a degree of market concentration. The study carried out by the calculation method of the Herfindahl-Hirschman index H makes it possible to assert that free competition exists in this market. A high level of competition is ensured by the steady demand of Internet users of Ukraine for access to Internet resources, which stimulates enterprises to develop this market.
An On-Chip Error Detection Method to Reduce the Post-Silicon Debug Time

Debug time has become a major issue in post silicon debug because of the increasingly complicated nature of circuit design. However, reducing debug time is a major challenge because of the limited size of the trace buffer used to observe internal signals in the circuit. This study proposes an on-chip error detection method to overcome this challenge. The on-chip process detects the error-suspect window using the pre-calculated golden data stored in the trace buffer. This allows the selective compaction and capture of the debug data in the trace buffer during the error-containing interval. As a result, reducing the number of debug sessions significantly reduces the total debug time. The experimental results on various debug cases show significant reductions in total debug time compared to previous work.
Concurrent Measurement of Isokinetic Muscle Strength of the Trunk, Knees, and Ankles in Patients With Lumbar Disc Herniation With Sciatica

Study Design. A cross-sectional study comparing normal subjects and patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with sciatica. Objective. To simultaneously measure the isokinetic muscle strength of the trunk, knees, and ankles in both groups. Summary of Background Data. Coordination between the trunk and lower extremity muscles is important for normal physical activity. Reduced trunk and knee muscle strength have been reported in patients with lower level LDH; however, ankle performance in these patients is still unknown. Methods. We recruited 43 normal subjects as controls and 33 patients with lower level LDH with sciatica. The isokinetic strength of the trunk, knees, and ankles was measured at 2 velocities in random order: 60°/s and 120°/s, and 60°/s and 180°/s for trunk and ankle strength and for knee strength, respectively. Results. The isokinetic trunk strength was significantly lower in the LDH group irrespective of test modes or velocity. Despite unilateral sciatica or test modes and velocity, the unilateral knee strength was significantly lower in the LDH group than that in the control group. Knee extension torque was also found to be significantly lower in the limbs with sciatica than in those without sciatica at the testing velocity of 180°/s (80.25 ± 24.88 vs. 95.42 ± 26.29 Nm, P < 0.05). Irrespective of unilateral sciatica or test velocity, ankle plantar flexion torque revealed to be significantly lower in the LDH group than the control group; however, dorsiflexion torque was not different. Significant correlations were demonstrated among the total muscle strength of the trunk, knees, and ankles in both groups. Conclusion. Besides the lower trunk strength, concurrent lower unilateral knee and ankle plantar flexion but not dorsiflexion strength was demonstrated in the LDH subjects with unilateral sciatica, regardless of its location. As compared to the limbs without sciatica, an additional 14% reduction of knee extension torque at 180°/s was found in the limbs with sciatica in the LDH patients.
Semi-Supervised NMF-CNN for Sound Event Detection

The lack of strongly labeled data can limit the potential of a Sound Event Detection (SED) system trained using deep learning approaches. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel method to approximate strong labels for the weakly labeled data using Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) in a supervised manner. Using a combinative transfer learning and semi-supervised learning framework, two different Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are trained using synthetic data, approximated strongly labeled data, and unlabeled data where one model will produce the audio tags. In contrast, the other will produce the frame-level prediction. The proposed methodology is then evaluated on three different subsets of the Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE) 2020 dataset: validation dataset, challenge evaluation dataset, and public YouTube evaluation dataset. Based on the results, our proposed methodology outperforms the baseline system by a minimum of 7% across these three different data subsets. In addition, our proposed method also outperforms the top 3 submissions from the DCASE 2019 challenge task 4 on the validation and public YouTube evaluation datasets. Our system performance is also competitive against the top submission in DCASE 2020 challenge task 4 on the challenge evaluation data. A post-challenge analysis was also performed using the validation dataset, which revealed the causes of the performance difference between our system and the top submission of the DCASE 2020 challenge task 4. The leading causes that we observed are 1) detection threshold tuning method and 2) augmentation techniques used. We observed that our system could perform better than the first place submission by 1.5% by changing our detection threshold tuning method. In addition, the post-challenge analysis also revealed that our system is more robust than the top submission in DCASE 2020 challenge task 4 on long-duration audio clips, where we outperformed them by 37%.
Complex Crustal Stratification Within the Chugach Mountains, Southern Alaska

Strain within the crust is accommodated along vertical gradients, but a general characterization is difficult given the heterogeneity of the earth's outermost layer. The western termination of the Chugach metamorphic complex in southern Alaska includes a uniquely well exposed crustal section ideal for obtaining the vertical profile of a crustal section. Field studies in this area resulted in the characterization of deformational fabric and analysis of finite strain magnitude and orientation. These observational data provide constraints for kinematic modeling following results presented in Teyssier and Cruz (2004). By optimizing the fit between field data, finite strain analysis, and modeling, a complex ductile stratification of the crust is inferred. I conclude that strain was concentrated within the lower crust, becoming more diffuse in upper ductile levels. This unconventional crustal stratification and vertical strain gradient was consistent with an anomalously high thermal gradient created by the adjacent subducting spreading ridge.
Improving Data Quality, Model Functionalities and Optimizing User Interfaces in Decision Support Systems

This dissertation contributes to the research on three core elements of decision support systems for managers and consumers: data management, model management and user interface. With respect to data management this dissertation proposes an approach for reducing unobserved product heterogeneity in online transaction data sets. The example of an online auction data set is used to investigate the approach’s ability to improve data quality. In the area of model management this dissertation contributes an approach to elicit consumer product preferences for exponential (beside linear) utility functions aiming at predicting consumers’ utilities and willingness-to-pay for individual products. The question which utility function (linear or exponential) is better suited for predicting product utilities and the willingness to pay is evaluated using a laboratory experiment. Further, in the area of user interfaces this dissertation deals with information visualization. Focusing on coordinate systems, a laboratory experiment is used to investigate which visualization format (two or three dimensional) is better suited for supporting simple vs. complex decision making scenarios and which criteria matter when choosing a visualization format for a particular level of decision making complexity.
Efficacy of aripiprazole adjunctive to lithium or valproate in the long‐term treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder with an inadequate response to lithium or valproate monotherapy: a multicenter, double‐blind, randomized study

Marcus R, Khan A, Rollin L, Morris B, Timko K, Carson W, Sanchez R. Efficacy of aripiprazole adjunctive to lithium or valproate in the long‐term treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder with an inadequate response to lithium or valproate monotherapy: a multicenter, double‐blind, randomized study. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 133–144. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Predicting trajectories and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance evolution

Bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics by a multitude of mechanisms. A central, yet unsolved question is how resistance evolution affects cell growth at different drug levels. Here we develop a fitness model that predicts growth rates of common resistance mutants from their effects on cell metabolism. We map metabolic effects of resistance mutations in drug-free environments and under drug challenge; the resulting fitness trade-off defines a Pareto surface of resistance evolution. We predict evolutionary trajectories of dosage-dependent growth rates and resistance levels, as well as the prevalent resistance mechanism depending on drug and nutrient levels. These predictions are confirmed by empirical growth curves and genomic data of E. coli populations. Our results show that resistance evolution, by coupling major metabolic pathways, is strongly intertwined with systems biology and ecology of microbial populations.
Not All First Seizures Are Created Equally

Is a First Acute Symptomatic Seizure Epilepsy? Mortality and Risk for Recurrent Seizure. Hesdorffer DC, Benn EK, Cascino GD, Hauser WA. Epilepsia 2009;50(5):1102–1108. PURPOSE: To compare mortality and subsequent unprovoked seizure risk in a population-based study of acute symptomatic seizure and first unprovoked seizure due to static brain lesions. METHODS: We ascertained all first episodes of acute symptomatic seizure and unprovoked seizure due to central nervous system (CNS) infection, stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Subjects were residents of Rochester, Minnesota, identified through the Rochester Epidemiology Project's records-linkage system between January 1, 1955 and December 31, 1984. Information was collected on age, gender, seizure type, etiology, status epilepticus (SE), 30-day and 10-year mortality, and subsequent episodes of unprovoked seizure. RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-two individuals experienced a first acute symptomatic seizure and 148 individuals experienced a first unprovoked seizure, all due to static brain lesions. Individuals with a first acute symptomatic seizure were 8.9 times more likely to die within 30 days compared to those with a first unprovoked seizure [95% confidence intervals (CI) = 3.5–22.5] after adjustment for age, gender, and SE. Among 30-day survivors, the risk of 10-year mortality did not differ. Over the 10-year period, individuals with a first acute symptomatic seizure were 80% less likely to experience a subsequent unprovoked seizure compared with individuals with a first unprovoked seizure [adjusted rate ratio (RR) = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.2–0.4]. DISCUSSION: The prognosis of first acute symptomatic seizures differs from that of first unprovoked seizure when the etiology is stroke, TBI, and CNS infection. Acute symptomatic seizures have a higher early mortality and a lower risk for subsequent unprovoked seizure. These differences argue against the inclusion of acute symptomatic seizures as epilepsy.
The role of the local retail food environment in fruit, vegetable and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in Brazil

Abstract Objective To examine the relationship between the local retail food environment and consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in São Paulo, Brazil, as well as the moderation effects of income in the studied relationships. Design Cross-sectional study design that drew upon neighbourhood- and individual-level data. For each participant, community (density and proximity) and community food environment (availability, variety, quality and price) measures of FV and SSB were assessed in retail food stores and specialized fresh produce markets within 1·6 km of their homes. Poisson generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model the associations of food consumption with food environment measures, adjusted by individual-level characteristics. Setting São Paulo, Brazil. Subjects Adults (n 1842) residing in the same census tracts (n 52) in São Paulo, Brazil as those where the neighbourhood-level measures were taken. Results FV availability in neighbourhoods was associated with regular FV consumption (≥5 times/week; prevalence ratio=1·41; 95 % CI 1·19, 1·67). Regular FV consumption prevalence was significantly lower among lower-income individuals living in neighbourhoods with fewer supermarkets and fresh produce markets (P-interaction <0·05). A greater variety of SSB was associated with a 15 % increase in regular SSB consumption (≥5 times/week) prevalence, after adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the local retail food environment is associated with FV and SSB consumption in a Brazilian urban sample.
Dynamics of support perceptions among couples coping with cardiac illness: the effect on recovery outcomes.

OBJECTIVE The current prospective study explored how male cardiac patients' perceptions of received support (i.e., active engagement, protective buffering, and overprotection) moderated the associations between female partners' perceptions of provided support and patients' recovery outcomes: psychological well-being, cholesterol levels, and smoking cessation. METHODS Couples (N = 86) completed surveys at the initial hospitalization after patients' Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), and 1 and 6 months later. Partners' ways of providing support and patients' concurrent perceptions of these ways were measured using the Ways of Giving Support Questionnaire; patients' depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Patients' cholesterol levels were assessed during hospitalization and 6 months later, and smoking habits were reported by the patients. RESULTS Female partners' protective buffering was positively associated with male patients' depressive symptoms at follow-up only when male patients' own perceptions of partners' protective buffering were low. Female partners' active engagement was positively associated with better odds for male patients' cessation of smoking only when patients' own perceptions of partners' active engagement were high. Finally, female partners' overprotection was associated with higher levels of male patients' harmful blood lipids at follow-up, but only when patients' own perceptions of partners' overprotection were high. CONCLUSIONS As hypothesized, the effect of partners' perceptions of support provided on patients' recovery was moderated by patients' own perceptions of the support received. The effect of this interaction was determined by the specific types of support provided or received and by the specific recovery outcome that was measured. The clinical and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
A bulk-micromachined bistable relay with U-shaped thermal actuators

This paper reports a deep-reactive ion etching (DRIE)-through-etched laterally bistable MEMS relay for power applications, with a primary emphasis on the design and modeling of its U-shaped transient thermal actuators, and a secondary emphasis on the design and fabrication of its contact element. In this relay, a contact crossbar is carried by a curved-beam bistable mechanism , which is toggled by transient U-shaped thermal actuators with their hot beam adiabaticly heated by electrical pulses. Each U-shaped thermal actuator comprises uniform-thickness hot and cold beams with a gap between them so they bend differently. This paper develops both a basic model and a complete model for the actuator that are verified by Finite Element Analysis and serve as effective design tools. The DRIE process creates nonideal etched surfaces, which pose challenges for good relay contacts. Both contact design and process development are discussed to help alleviate this problem. The fabricated relay exhibits a minimum total on-state resistance of 60 m/spl Omega/, and a maximum current carrying capacity of 3 A. It switches with a 1 ms actuation pulse, and a maximum 5 Hz repetition rate.