Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nearby Early-type Galactic Nuclei at High Resolution: Dynamical Black Hole and Nuclear Star Cluster Mass Measurements

We present a detailed study of the nuclear star clusters (NSCs) and massive black holes (BHs) of four of the nearest low-mass early-type galaxies: M32, NGC 205, NGC 5102, and NGC 5206. We measure the dynamical masses of both the BHs and NSCs in these galaxies using Gemini/NIFS or VLT/SINFONI stellar kinematics, Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging, and Jeans anisotropic models. We detect massive BHs in M32, NGC 5102, and NGC 5206, while in NGC 205, we find only an upper limit. These BH mass estimates are consistent with previous measurements in M32 and NGC 205, while those in NGC 5102 and NGC 5206 are estimated for the first time and both found to be <106 M⊙. This adds to just a handful of galaxies with dynamically measured sub-million M⊙ central BHs. Combining these BH detections with our recent work on NGC 404's BH, we find that 80% (4/5) of nearby, low-mass ( M⊙; km s−1) early-type galaxies host BHs. Such a high occupation fraction suggests that the BH seeds formed in the early epoch of cosmic assembly likely resulted in abundant seeds, favoring a low-mass seed mechanism of the remnants, most likely from the first generation of massive stars. We find dynamical masses of the NSCs ranging from 2 to 73 × 106 M⊙ and compare these masses to scaling relations for NSCs based primarily on photometric mass estimates. Color gradients suggest that younger stellar populations lie at the centers of the NSCs in three of the four galaxies (NGC 205, NGC 5102, and NGC 5206), while the morphology of two are complex and best fit with multiple morphological components (NGC 5102 and NGC 5206). The NSC kinematics show they are rotating, especially in M32 and NGC 5102 ( ).
Does the position of response options in multiple-choice tests matter?

In large scale multiple-choice (MC) tests alternate forms of a test may be developed to prevent cheating by changing the order of items or by changing the position of the response options. The assumption is that since the content of the test forms are the same the order of items or the positions of the response options do not have any effect on item difficulty and other psychometric characteristics of the test. The purpose of the present investigation is to model the difficulty of the options’ positions (a, b, c, and d) in a high-stakes MC test using the linear logistic test model (Fischer, 1973). Findings revealed that options’ positions have very slight differences in difficulty and as the position of the correct option moves toward the end of the set of response options it becomes slightly more difficult.
Speculations on the application of foliar 13C discrimination to reveal groundwater dependency of vegetation and provide estimates of root depth and rates of groundwater use

Abstract. Groundwater-dependent vegetation is globally distributed, having important ecological, social, and economic value. Along with the groundwater resources upon which it depends, this vegetation is under increasing threat through excessive rates of groundwater extraction. In this study we examined one shallow-rooted and two deep-rooted tree species at multiple sites along a naturally occurring gradient in depth-to-groundwater. We measured (i) stable isotope ratios of leaves (δ13C), xylem, and groundwater (δ2H and δ18O); and (ii) leaf-vein density. We established that foliar discrimination of 13C (Δ13C) is a reliable indicator of groundwater use by vegetation and can also be used to estimate rooting depth. Through comparison with a continental-scale assessment of foliar Δ13C, we also estimated the upper limits to annual rates of groundwater use. We conclude that maximum rooting depth for both deep-rooted species ranged between 9.4 and 11.2 m and that annual rates of groundwater use ranged from ca. 1400 to 1700 mm for Eucalyptus camaldulensis and from 600 to 900 mm for Corymbia opaca. Several predictions about hydraulic and leaf traits arising from the conclusion that these two species made extensive use of groundwater were supported by additional independent studies of these species in central Australia.
The effect of education on knowledge and performance of nurses in prevention and control of pressure sore

هديكچ فده و هنيمز : هورگ سم يراتسرپ ؤ مخز نامرد و يريگشيپ رد موادم و ميقتسم تبقارم لو رتسب دنتسه . اب يتبقارم هب نديسر يارب رب ناراتسرپ دركلمع و شناد دياب ،بولطم تيفيك دشاب يملع دهاوش نيرتهب ساسا . رضاح هعلاطم يبايزرا فده اب ت أ ريث رب شزومآ پ رد ناراتسرپ دركلمع و شناد ي گش ي ر ي و راهم مخز رتسب دش ماجنا . قيقحت شور : رد همين هعلاطم نيا يبرجت ، رپ مامت و ناراتس شخب ناراميب ،يلخاد ياه و زغم ،باصعا و يدپوترا ICU ماما ناتسراميب نيسح ) ع ( دورهاش دنتفرگ رارق يبايزرا دروم . رد هتعاس ود شزومآ هسلج ود لماش هلخادم و يريگشيپ هنيمز دوب رتسب مخز نامرد . ود رد ناراتسرپ شناد هب طوبرم تاعلاطا و لبق هلحرم زا سپ هام كي زومآ ش همانشسرپ زا هدافتسا اب ) يدرف تاعلاطا و همانشسرپ زا هدش هتفرگرب يامنهار Agency Health Care and Policy Research ( و مخز يدوبهب دنور هب طوبرم تاعلاطا ) اب سايقم
Adsorption of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution by Clay as an Adsorbent : Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies

In the study, montmorillonite was used as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Batch studies were performed to address various experimental parameters like contact time, pH, temperature, stirring speed, ionic strength, adsorbent dosage and initial concentration for the removal of this dye. Adsorption rate increased with the increase in initial dye concentration, ionic strength, stirring speed, pH and temperature. Kinetic study showed that the adsorption of dye on montmorillonite was a gradual process. Quasi-equilibrium reached in 3 h. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, Bangham, mass transfer and intra-particle particle diffusion models were used to fit the experimental data. Pseudo-second-order rate equation was able to provide realistic description of adsorption kinetics. Intra-particle diffusion process was identified as the main mechanism controlling the rate of the dye sorption. The diffusion coefficient, D, was found to increase when the stirring speed, ionic strength and temperature were raised. Thermodynamic activation parameters such as ∆G, ∆S and ∆H were also calculated.
Magnetic Polarity Stratigraphy and Biostratigraphy of Middle-Late Paleocene Continental Deposits of South-Central Montana

Exposures of the Fort Union Formation on the divide between Hunt Creek and Cub Creek in the northern Clark's Fork Basin, Carbon County, Montana, were selected for magnetostratigraphic study of the transition between the Torrejonian and Tiffanian Land-Mammal Ages. Paleomagnetic samples were collected from 25 sites within a 160 m-thick section of the Fort Union Formation at that location. Rock-magnetic analyses indicate that alternating-field demagnetization to peak fields in the 10 to 40 mT interval successfully removed secondary components of natural remanent magnetism (NRM). Characteristic NRM directions define three polarity zones, a 50 m-thick normal polarity zone bracketed by two reversed polarity zones. The Cub Creek local faunule CC-2 ($$To_{3} or Ti_{1}$$) occurs within the upper portion of the normal polarity zone. Cub Creek local faunules CC-1, CC-3, and Eagle Quarry (all $$Ti_{1}$$ occur in the upper reversed polarity zone. These data, along with faunal and magnetostratigraphic data from the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, and the southern Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming, allow the transition between the Torrejonian and Tiffanian Land-Mammal Ages to be correlated with the later portion of chron 27. Paleomagnetic and paleontologic data from isolated quarries in the southern Clark's Fork Basin allow Mantua Quarry (Pui) to be correlated with chron 29r, while Rock Bench Quarry correlates with the later portion of chron 27r. Data from the Crazy Mountain Basin in Montana indicate that Silberling Quarry ($$To_{3}$$) correlates with chron 27r, while Douglass Quarry (TiO, Scarritt Quarry ($$Ti_{2}$$), and Locality 13 ($$Ti_{3}$$) correlate with chron 26r.
The Effect of Parenting Style on Bullying Behavior

Bullying is one of the most troubling events in many countries. However, at this time bullying behavior by the number continues to increase where most of them occur in the schools. This study aims describing the effect of parenting styles to the bullying behavior in Makassar based on actors (the bully), victim and bystander perspective. This research uses the qualitative method with a descriptive exploratory. The participants used in this research amounted to 11 people who are students of Pesantren X Makassar for junior that meet a certain criteria. Keywords—bullying; parenting style; authoritarian parenting style
Causes of Contractor Cost Overrun in Construction Projects: The Case of Ethiopian Construction Sector

Completion of a construction project with budget is frequently seen as a major criterion of project success by clients, contractors, consultants and related stakeholders. It is here that project management becomes essential tool for the delivery of effective projects than the traditional functional management. However, the construction industry is faced with challenges to meet budget. This study is conducted to identify the top five cost over-run factors and survey is conducted on 140 respondents. The samples were drawn using convenient sampling approach. Primary data is collected using the self-administered questionnaires. While secondary data is collected through reviewing of related materials and the analysis is conducted using SPSS version 20. As per the contractor’ response, the top five factors that causes cost overrun of construction projects were from medium to high. On the other hand, the top five factors as per the response of consultants and clients ranged between high to very high. The contractors outlined the top five factors that causes cost overrun in construction projects are poor planning, fluctuation of price of materials, poor productivity, inflationary pressure and project financing in descending order.
Effects of elevated ozone on growth and foliar traits of European and hybrid aspen

We studied growth and foliar responses of two clones of both European aspen (Populus tremula) and hybrid aspen (P. tremula x P. tremuloides) to elevated O 3 (45 ppb, 14-h mean) over one growing season using a free-air fumigation system in central Finland. All clones exhibited 03-specific foliar injury and accelerated leaf senescence under elevated O 3 . Yet, exposure to 1.5 x ambient O 3 had only minor effects on the growth and biomass production of clones grown under optimal nutrient and water supply, and no O 3 effects on leaf morphology were observed. Slower-growing European aspen was more sensitive to elevated O 3 than hybrid aspen. Exposure to O 3 decreased the root/stem ratio (-11%) and leaf N concentration (-9%) of European aspen. Inter- or intraspecific differences in the O 3 sensitivity of the trees could not be explained by stomatal conductance, but some xeromorphic leaf traits were related to increased susceptibility to O 3 . Intraspecific differences in the O 3 sensitivity have implications e.g. for nurseries producing commercial tree material.
Who gets involved with what ? A discourse analysis of gender and caregiving in everyday family life with depression

The recent process of deinstitutionalization of the psychiatric treatment system, in both Denmark and other European countries, has relied heavily on the involvement in treatment and recovery of cohabitant relatives of diagnosed people. However, political objectives regarding depression and involvement rely on a limited body of knowledge about people’s ways of managing illness-related problems in everyday life. Drawing on a discursive notion of gender laid out by Raewyn Connell, the aim of the article is to elucidate how the involvement of relatives is guided by an extraindividual rationale about gender and caregiving, and how this gendered discourse might frame different challenges and burdens, depending on the gender of the diagnosed person and the cohabitant relative. Drawn from a larger, multisited field study on involvement processes in Danish psychiatry, the article is based on field notes and 21 interviews with seven heterosexual couples. The analysis shows that gender works as a decisive premise for the division of caregiving labour among the couples, and clarifies how the couples’ gendered institution is disrupted after the onset of depression. The article argues that gender-blind involvement strategies could produce divergent treatment outcomes and varying social effects in relation to couples’ everyday family lives.
Determinant of farmers’ ability to pay for improved irrigation water supply in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

The aim of this study was to determine smallholder farmers’ ability to pay (ATP) for improved irrigation water supply, using their gross margins, in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The analysis was conducted on a sample of 161 irrigators. Production data were collected from the irrigators and the residual imputation method (RIM) was used to calculate the gross margins that the farmers realised. An ordinary least squares regression was used to investigate factors affecting ATP. Results indicate that factors such as labour, training, household assets and road conditions positively influence ATP. The study highlights the importance of support to farmers and their institutions. The study also concludes that farmers are making profits from their irrigated crops, especially tomatoes, and therefore recommends that farmers start paying for the water used for their crops. Keywords: smallholder irrigation, ability to pay, residual imputation method, gross margins, OLS regression
Business planning : the relationship between passion for inventing, need for autonomy and team innovativeness in new venture teams

This paper contributes to research, exploring the influence of the entrepreneur’s characteristics on the innovativeness of a new venture team. It, therefore, studies the effect of the need for autonomy and passion for inventing on team innovativeness during the business planning phase. The research question is answered by studying a sample (n=51) of technology students at a Dutch university, simulating the process of founding a start-up. The outcomes are analyzed by conducting a correlation and linear regression analysis. Against the assumption derived from literature, the study was not able to indicate a significant relationship between the individual’s need for autonomy and both measurements of team innovativeness. The study reveals that passion for inventing has a significant, positive influence on both, the climate for innovation and the innovative work behavior. However, the degree of the passion’s identity centrality does not have a significant relationship with team innovativeness. A possible explanation for this paper’s findings could lie in the environment and context of the new venture teams. Regarding the effect of passion, the results support the previous literature and expand the existing insights on the team level. Especially for the team composition, this paper provides useful information.
Applications and Algorithms for Inference of Huge Phylogenetic Trees: a Review

Phylogenetics enables us to use various techniques to extract evolutionary relationships from sequence analysis. Most of the phylogenetic analysis techniques produce phylogenetic trees that represent relationship between any set of spe- cies or their evolutionary history. This article presents a comprehensive survey of the applications and the algorithms for inference of huge phylogenetic trees and also gives the reader an overview of the methods currently employed for the in- ference of phylogenetic trees. A comprehensive comparison of the methods and algorithms is presented in this paper. Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships. It enables us to use various methods to extract necessary in- formation from a sequence. Most of the phylogenetic analy- sis techniques produce phylogenetic trees. These trees rep- resent relationships between any set of species or their evo- lutionary history. The most accurate tree describing the evolution of a sequence can be obtained by phylogenetic analysis. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationship using a DNA, RNA or amino acid sequences is a hierarchal process consisting of four steps(1) i.e. sequence alignment, selection of appropriate model, tree building method and the assess- ment of the resulting phylogeny(2). A variety of systems and applications(3-7) have been developed to infer phylogenetic trees. Early approaches were based on single node or single processor computers. Due to advances in high throughput sequencing technologies, pub- lically available genomic data is increasing exponentially. This huge amount of data needs sophisticated, efficient and high throughput methods to be analysed. This requirement brings parallel and distributed computing to the field of bioinformatics. Recent systems and algorithms for sequence alignment and phylogenetics are based on parallel and dis- tributed computing. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the applications and algorithms for the inference of phylogenetic trees. Comparison of the methods and algo- rithms is also presented.
Beware of Branding Someone a Terrorist: Local Professionals on Person-Specific Interventions to Counter Extremism

This article is about the effect of local tailored interventions to counter (violent) extremism, and therefore contributes to the academic and policy debates. It focusses on local, professional perspectives on person-specific interventions utilising a Dutch case study as the basis. The interventions are part of the wider-ranging counter terrorism policy that entails (local) measures that are deployed in relation to designated high-risk individuals and groups. By reviewing policy documents and conducting semi-structured interviews, the exploratory study concludes that the key factors for a hand-tailored intervention are a solid network, expert knowledge to assess potential signs of extremist ideology, an awareness of not having too many concurrent measures, good inter-institutional cooperation and information-sharing. The professionals involved felt that person-specific interventions have contributed to reducing the threat of religious extremism in the Netherlands. Nonetheless, municipal officials and security agents emphasised the importance of setting realistic goals and a focus on preventive rather than repressive measures. Furthermore, despite the central role that municipal actors play, they run up against problems such as cooperation within the security and care sector. National entities appear to emphasize information-gathering and monitoring more than community-focused cooperation. Thereby questioning whether, on the national level, local professionals are perceived as playing a key role in dealing with extremism.
Disclosure and liquidity in a driven by orders market: Empirical evidence from panel data

The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between disclosure and liquidity. Previous empirical tests have focused only on US markets and have used standard least square estimation techniques even in the presence of panel data. We analyse a market (Madrid Stock Exchange) with special institutional features and use proper panel data techniques. We provide evidence in favour of a positive relationship between disclosure and liquidity. Our results prove that this positive relationship is robust to different market architectures and to the use of different liquidity measures.
Regionalization Approach for Extreme Flood Analysis Using L-moments

Flood frequency analysis is faced with the problem of data and information limitation in arid and semi-arid regions. Particularly in these regions, the length of records is usually too short to ensure reliable quantile estimates. More than 75% of Iran is located in arid and semi-arid regions and despite the low annual precipitation, often large floods occur. One way to provide more information is to use many records from a region with similar flood behaviour, rather than only at-site data. This research is aimed to delineate homogeneous regions in the study area for further hydrological studies. Estimating regionalized parameters and identification of the best-fit distributions are the other specific objectives of the research. Several watershed attributes in relation to flood were characterized, among which the main characteristics were found by factor analysis. Later, preliminary identification of homogeneous regions was carried out using cluster analysis and region-of-influence approaches. The homogeneity test was done by Hstatistic, a testing method based on L-moments. The results of this test showed that a subdivision of selected watersheds into homogenous groups is necessary. Therefore, three homogenous regions were formed. The Z-statistic based on L-moments and L-moment ratio diagrams were applied for identification of the best-fit distribution in each homogenous region. In the regionalization procedure five three-parameter distributions i.e. Generalized Logistic (GLO), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Pareto (GPA), three-parameter Lognormal (LN3), and Pearson type III (PE3) were fitted to the three homogeneous regions and the best-fit distributions were identified using L-moments approach. The results of goodness-of-fit analysis for the three regions indicates that the GEV, LN3 for the regions (1) and (2), and GLO and GEV distributions for the region (3) give acceptably close fits to the regional average L-moments. In general, the GEV distribution could be adopted as the appropriate distribution for the study area.
CORRELATIONS FOR SOOT AND SMOKE-POINT IN MOMENTUM CONTROLLED LUMINOUS LAMINAR JET DIFFUSION FLAMES (in space)

Simple correlations for flame envelop and soot production are developed for non-buoyant laminar jet flames in microgravity (space). First, the characteristics of the flow field and flame envelop(height and width) are expressed in terms of input parameters both for high momentum( parabolic flow ) and low momentum ( elliptic flow) jet flames. Soot formation rate relations are extended from previous work on buoyant laminar smoke-point flames and used for the present nonbuoyant jet flames. Together with the flow characteristics, they provide predictions of soot concentration and smoke-point flame development in microgravity. These predictions are substantiated and verified by using recent experiments in space for flame shapes and soot in nonbuoyant luminous Hydrocarbon / Air jet flames.