Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) for bone loss in patients with cirrhosis of the liver

OBJECTIVE:Bone loss frequently appears in the natural history of liver disease. The effects of therapy for osteoporosis associated with cirrhosis of the liver are still controversial. We evaluated the effects of vitamin K2 on osteopenia in women with cirrhosis.METHODS:The subjects were 50 women with cirrhosis who had underlying hepatitis viral infections. Half of the patients were randomly assigned to receive vitamin K2 (menatetrenone). The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at entry and at 1-yr intervals for 2 yr.RESULTS:The percentages of change from the initial BMD at 1 and 2 yr after initiation of the study were, respectively, +0.1 ± 2.6% and −0.5 ± 3.5% for the vitamin K2-treated group and −2.2 ± 2.4% and −4.6 ± 3.9% for the control group. The changes in BMD at each timepoint differed significantly between the control and treated groups (p = 0.008 for 1 yr and p = 0.002 for 2 yr). In the vitamin K2-treated group, the ratio of osteocalcin to undercarboxylated osteocalcin in those patients with increases in BMD after 1 yr of treatment was significantly lower than that in patients showing decreases in BMD (p = 0.017). No adverse effects of vitamin K2 were noted.CONCLUSIONS:Vitamin K2 can prevent bone loss and may therefore be useful in the management of bone disease in women with cirrhosis of the liver.
Direct Stimulation of Translation by the Multifunctional Herpesvirus ICP27 Protein

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP27 protein is an essential regulator of viral gene expression with roles at various levels of RNA metabolism in the nucleus. Using the tethered function assay, we showed a cytoplasmic activity for ICP27 in directly enhancing mRNA translation in vivo in the absence of other viral factors. The region of ICP27 required for translational stimulation maps to the C terminus. Furthermore, in infected cells, ICP27 is associated with polyribosomes, indicating a function in translation during the lytic cycle.
Differential effects of T 4 and T 3 on TRH-and GRF-induced GH secretion in the domestic fowl S

horbar; The in vivo growth hormone (GH) response of immature domestic fowl to thyrotrophinreleasing hormone (TRH) and GH-releasing factor (GRF) was suppressed in birds fed diets supplemented (1 ppm) with triiodothyronine (T 3) or given bolus intraperitoneal (ip) injections (100 ¡.1g/kg for 10 d) of T3Supplementation (ppm) of the diet with T4 had no effect on secretagogueinduced GH release. Exogenous T3 or T4 suppressed basal, TRHand GRF-induced GH release 2 h after daily ip administration (100 ¡.1g/kg for 10 d). 24 h after the last injection, only T3 was effective in inhibiting basal and stimulated GH secretion in vivo. The systemic administration of T3 was followed 2 h and 24 h later by a downregulation of pituitary TRH binding sites. T4 administration had no effect on pituitary TRH binding. When chicken pituitary glands were incubated in vitro, basal GH release was unaffected by the addition of 10-9-10! M T3 or TQ to the incubation media. The in vitro GH response to TRH (106 M) or GRF (10s M) challenge was, however, suppressed in a dose-related manner by T3 but was unaffected by the coincubation of T4. These results demonstrate inhibitory effects of T3 and T4 on basal and secretagogue-induced GH secretion in fowl. T4 is less active than T3 and probably exerts some of its effects via T3-independent mechanisms.
Role of Differential Expression of Streptococcal Arginine Deiminase in Inhibition of fimA Expression in Porphyromonas gingivalis

ABSTRACT Streptococcus cristatus ArcA inhibits production of a major adhesin, FimA, in Porphyromonas gingivalis, a primary periodontal pathogen. In this study, we demonstrate the differential expression of arcA in two streptococcal species. The expression level of arcA in streptococci appears to be controlled by both cis and trans elements.
Management of Hemorrhage in Life‐threatening Pelvic Fracture

&NA; Emergent life‐saving treatment is required for high‐energy pelvic fracture with associated hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability. Advances in prehospital, interventional, surgical, and critical care have led to increased survival rates. Pelvic binders have largely replaced military antishock trousers. The availability and precision of interventional angiography have expanded considerably. External pelvic fixation can be rapidly applied, often reduces the pelvic volume, and provides temporary fracture stabilization. Pelvic packing, popularized in Europe, is now used in certain centers in North America. The use of standardized treatment algorithms may improve decision making and patient survival rates. Active involvement of an experienced orthopaedic surgeon in the evaluation and care of these critically injured patients is essential.
The rate of tension development in isometric tetanic contractions of mammalian fast and slow skeletal muscle

Following the demonstration by Buller, Eccles & Eccles (1960b) that the speed of contraction of mammalian skeletal muscles was at least partially determined by the motor nerve innervation, two central problems remained. First, what part or parts of the contractile machinery of the muscle are influenced by the motor innervation, and, secondly, how do the motoneurones bring about their influence upon the muscle fibres? The solution of the first of these two questions requires a more detailed study of the contractile mechanism of mammalian muscle than has hitherto been made, with particular attention to any differences which exist between fast and slow skeletal muscle. In the mammal, both the fast and slow skeletal muscles consist of twitch fibres, and both types of muscle are therefore comparable with the fast fibre system of the frog. Only very recently has there been a demonstration of the equivalent of the frog slow fibre system in mammalian muscles, and as yet such fibres have only been identified in extrinsic ocular muscles (Hess & Pilar, 1963). The present paper is concerned with an investigation into the rate of isometric tension development in mammalian fast and slow muscles following repetitive stimulation of their motor nerves. This study was a necessary preliminary to the understanding of the alterations which occur in the rate of tension development following operative cross union of the nerves to mammalian fast and slow muscle (Buller & Lewis, 1964, 1965b). A preliminary account of some of the experiments herein reported has already been published (Buller & Lewis, 1963 a).
Determination of the Presence of Huanglongbing in Seeds and Movement of the Pathogen in Citrus reticulata

Problem statement: Huanglongbing (HLB) also known as citrus greening disease is a fastidious phloem-inhabiting bacterium in the genus Candidatus Liberibacter. Using universal primers, the 16S ribosomal DNA sequence of three strains of the bacterium were obtained by PCR. However there is very little information on seed transmission and HLB pathogen movement to find a way for control or reduce the severity of HLB on the field. The study was conducted to detect HLB pathogen in seeds of Citrus, to determine pathogen movement in citrus seedling after infection and to detect the HLB pathogen in citrus roots. Approach: Seeds of Citrus reticulata cv. Limau Madu were collected from infected orchard and were germinated in screenhouse condition. The seeds of Citrus reticlata cv. L. Madu were planted in screenhouse too for HLB pathogen movement and HLB detection in roots. The seedlings were inoculated using infected grafting methods. Results: HLB was not amplified in new seedlings after germination. HLB moved slowly reaching up to 1.5 cm after 2 weeks, 1.5-4.5 cm after eight weeks and detected on 4.5-9 cm after 14 weeks below the grafting area. HLB was also detected up to 9-15 cm after 16 weeks, 15-24 cm after twenty weeks, 24-28.5 cm after 22 weeks and 28.5-30 cm after 24 weeks below the grafting area. Conclusion: Base on conventional PCR test, HLB disease in citrus is not seed borne and it can reach to the roots 26 weeks after inoculation.
Control of a manufacturing system with random product yield and downward substitutability

We consider a manufacturing system where the quality of the end product is uncertain and is graded into one of several quality levels after production. We assume stochastic demand for each quality level, stochastic production times, and random quality yields. We also assume downward substitutability (i.e., customers who require a given product will be satisfied by a higher quality product at the same price). The firm produces to stock and has the option to refuse satisfying customers even when it has items in stock. We formulate this problem as a Markov Decision Process in the context of a simple M/M/1 make-to-stock queue with multiple customer classes to gain insight into the following questions: (i) how does the firm decide when to produce more units (i.e., what is the optimal production policy? ) and (ii) how does the firm decide when to accept/reject orders and when to satisfy customers demanding lower quality products using higher quality products? In the case of two product classes, we completely characterize the structure of the optimal production and acceptance/substitution policies. However, the structure of the optimal policy is complicated and we therefore develop a simple heuristic policy for any number of classes which performs very well. We finally extend our heuristic to the system where production occurs in batches of size of larger than one, the system where there is a setup cost for initiating production, and the case where processing time distribution is Erlang.
Domains of eIF1A that mediate binding to eIF2, eIF3 and eIF5B and promote ternary complex recruitment in vivo

Translation initiation factor 1A (eIF1A) is predicted to bind in the decoding site of the 40S ribosome and has been implicated in recruitment of the eIF2–GTP–Met‐tRNAiMet ternary complex (TC) and ribosomal scanning. We show that the unstructured C‐terminus of eIF1A interacts with the C‐terminus of eIF5B, a factor that stimulates 40S–60S subunit joining, and removal of this domain of eIF1A diminishes translation initiation in vivo. These findings support the idea that eIF1A–eIF5B association is instrumental in releasing eIF1A from the ribosome after subunit joining. A larger C‐terminal truncation that removes a 310 helix in eIF1A deregulates GCN4 translation in a manner suppressed by overexpressing TC, implicating eIF1A in TC binding to 40S ribosomes in vivo. The unstructured N‐terminus of eIF1A interacts with eIF2 and eIF3 and is required at low temperatures for a step following TC recruitment. We propose a modular organization for eIF1A wherein a core ribosome‐binding domain is flanked by flexible segments that mediate interactions with other factors involved in recruitment of TC and release of eIF1A at subunit joining.
Simultaneous Interpretation: Temporal and Quantitative Data

Simultaneous interpretation represents a complex form of activity, about which there is very little in the way of experimental data. In an exploratory study, two professional, two student and two amateur interpreters (one English-dominant and one French-dominant in each case) were required to do the interpretation of several texts from either their weaker into their dominant language or vice-versa. The texts represented four types of material: spontaneous speech, semi-prepared material, prepared " oral " material, and prepared " written " material. Presentation of texts and recording of translations was on tape. The temporal characteristics of the speaker (S) and interpreter or translator (T) delivery patterns and their interrelationship were analysed by computer. Translated speech per se is found to generally present the same patterns and relationships among speech parameters as natural speech, but to be less rhythmical. In omission-free translation T tends to be engaged in speaking for a greater proportion of time than S, largely because of slower articulation. Proportionally more of the T's utterance is delivered while the S is pausing than would be expected were the two delivery patterns independent; thus the T tries to take advantage of the S's pauses and thereby reduce the extent of time during which he must be both speaking and listening at the same time. Characteristically, the T lags behind the S in his delivery by 2 to 3 sec. The temporal data do not in general reveal striking differences in relation to the different categories of T, the various types of material, or the two directions of translation.
Comparative anatomy and osteohistology of hyperelongate neural spines in the sphenacodontids Sphenacodon and Dimetrodon (Amniota: Synapsida)

Osteohistological investigations of hyperelongate vertebral spinous processes (neural spines) are presented to elucidate previously unknown aspects of dorsal sail form and function in two, closely related genera of “sail‐backed” synapsids: Sphenacodon and Dimetrodon. Although recent and classic surveys of bone histology in extinct vertebrates have sampled the genus Dimetrodon, new sectioning of Sphenacodon material allows a comparative analysis of these structures among Sphenacodontidae for the first time. Variability within the histological organization of the neural spine is assessed by examining multiple regions along its length, and implications for soft tissue correlates, growth and mechanics are considered here. Both genera exhibit extensive parallel‐fibered and fibrolamellar bone, in addition to lamellar bone. Several features vary along the length of the spine in each species. Muscle scars and extensive Sharpey's fibers are present at the base of the spine; no scars and fewer fibers are manifested ∼55–60 mm above the zygapophyses in mature individuals. The distal cortex of the spine does not exhibit greater vascularity than the proximal region in either genus. However, both genera manifest distinct vascular grooves of variable size along the distal periosteal surface, some of which become incorporated into the distal cortex. The observed histovariability appears to record the transition from the proximal (epaxial muscle embedded) to the distally protruding portion of the spine. These observations and independent pathological evidence support the existence of a short dorsal crest in Sphenacodon and possibly other basal sphenacodontids. Although the thermoregulatory capacity of such a crest remains uncertain, developmental and mechanical features are readily interpretable and are discussed with respect to the origins and early evolution of the dorsal sail in sphenacodontid synapsids. J.Morphol. , 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An intellectually disabled patient with the 5q14.3q15 microdeletion syndrome associated with an apparently de novo t(2;5)(q13;q14)

An Intellectually Disabled PatientWith the 5q14.3q15 Microdeletion Syndrome Associated With an Apparently De Novo t(2;5)(q13;q14) Jaime Toral-L opez, Beatriz Buentello-Volante, Marta M. Balderas-Minor, Carmen Amezcua-Herrera, Juan M. Valdes-Miranda, Luz Ma. Gonz alez-Huerta, Marco Gudi~no, Sergio A. Cuevas-Covarrubias, and Juan Carlos Zenteno* Department of Genetics, Centro M edico Ecatepec, ISSEMYM, Mexico, Mexico Department of Genetics-Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology ‘‘Conde de Valenciana’’ Mexico City, Mexico Department of Neuropediatrics, Centro M edico Ecatepec, ISSEMYM, Mexico, Mexico Nuclear Magnetic Resonance service, Hospital General de M exico, Mexico City, Mexico Department of Genetics, Hospital General de M exico, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico Department of Experimental Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
Health Beliefs and Practices of African Immigrants in Canada

A purposive sample of 14 immigrants living in Ontario, Canada, participated in two focus groups. The researchers used semi-structured interviews to collect data and five themes emerged from the data: beliefs about diabetes were centered on diverse factors, preserving culture through food preferences and preparation, cultural practices to stay healthy, cultural practices determined number of servings of fruit and vegetables per day, and engaging in physical activity to stay healthy. Findings indicated how health beliefs and cultural practices influenced behavior in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Future research should focus on other high-risk minority groups (South Asian, Caribbean, and Latin American) to examine their health beliefs and cultural practices and use these finding to develop best practice guidelines, which should be incorporated into culturally tailored interventions.
Persistent Oral Dyskinesia in Female Mental Hospital Patients

An association between certain persistent oral dyskinesias and medication with phenothiazines has been observed in middle-aged and elderly women for several years. In most of the published reports it is held that the phenothiazines are an important cause of the abnormal movements, since phenothiazines are known to exert a selective action on the basal ganglia. Other possible causes, however, are almost invariably present. These are brain damage from disease, leucotomy or electroconvulsive therapy (Hunter, Earl and Janz, 1964; Hunter, Earl and Thornicroft, 1964; Uhrbrand and Faurbye, 1960), and buccal factors such as ill-fitting dentures or the edentulous state (Joyston-Bechal, 1965; Evans, 1965). Similar dyskinesias are also said to occur with brain damage when phenothiazines have not been given (Rosin and Exton-Smith, 1965).
Pediatric Hematuria and Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy: What Is It and What Does It Mean?

Hematuria is seen frequently in the pediatric population and may signal either benign or serious renal patholosis. A significant proportion of children with asymptomatic hematuria will have thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN), a benign disorder, yet there is little information about this entity outside the nephrology literature. This article is designed to provide an information base for pediatric practitioners to assist them in making appropriate decisions regarding diagnosis and care. A review of experience over a decade with 9 children with biopsproven TBMN, including follow-up to the present; is presented. In addition, review of literature regarding TBMN, Alport's and Berger's syndromes, which comprise the major clinical entities associated with asymptomatic pediatric hematuria, is presented. Each patient was evaluated for asymptomatic, documented and persistent hematuria. Renal biopsy was performed after clinical evaluation and follow-up. TBMN and Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy) are separable only by renal biopsy results; TBMN is benign and IgA nephropathy may be progressive, mandating referral to a nephrologist. The prognosis of TBMN is excellent.
Varying Extracellular [K+]: A Functional Approach to Separating EDHF‐ and EDNO‐Related Mechanisms in Perfused Rat Mesenteric Arterial Bed

We describe a simple, functional approach to defining the relative contribution of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (presumably mediated by a factor, EDHF) and endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) to acetylcholine (ACh) and histamine relaxations of isolated perfused rat mesenteric resistance arterial bed. In physiologic salt solution (PSS), ACh- and his-tamine-induced vasodilations of cirazoline-preconstricted mesenteric arterial bed were only partially attenuated by 50 μM Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The L-NAME-resistant component was abolished by 0.5 μM apamin but not by 250 nM dendrotoxin or 10 μM glyburide, thus indicating a role for apamin-sensitive K+ channels in mediating the effects of the putative EDHF. Changing membrane potential by varying [K+] decreased L-NAME-resistant vasodilation, and showed a modest L-NAME-induced increase in the basal perfusion pressure that was not observable in normal PSS. Vasodilator responses during cirazoline-induced tonus in 20 mM K+ and normal PSS were superimposable, but responses to ACh and histamine in 20 mM K+ were profoundly more sensitive to L-NAME than were those in normal PSS media. ACh responses during 20-mM K + PSS perfusion and presumably mediated by EDNO and those resistant to L-NAME and putatively mediated by EDHF were antagonized by graded concentrations of p-fluoro-hexahydro-siladifenidol (p-F-HHSiD), but not pirenzepine. Therefore, we concluded that (a) perfused rat mesenteric arterial bed releases both EDHF and EDNO in response to ACh and histamine, (b) EDHF plays a dominant role in maintenance of the basal perfusion pressure in this vascular bed, and (c) both EDHF and EDNO relaxations are mediated by activation of M3 muscarinic cholinoceptors.
The JAK / STAT 3 signaling pathway mediates inhibition of host cell apoptosis by Chlamydia psittaci infection

The JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway is a key regulator of cell growth, motility, migration, invasion and apoptosis in mammalian cells. Infection with intracellular pathogens of the genus Chlamydia can inhibit host cell apoptosis, and here we asked whether the JAK-STAT3 pathway participates in chlamydial anti-apoptotic activity. We found that, compared with uninfected cells, levels of JAK1 and STAT3 mRNA as well as total and phosphorylated JAK1 and STAT3 protein, were significantly increased in C. psittaci-infected HeLa cells. Moreover, the apoptosis rate of infected cells was higher after treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG-490 (2-cyano-3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-(phenylmethyl)-2-propenamide). Immunoblotting of apoptosis-related proteins showed that C. psittaci infection reduces Bax, but increases Bcl-2, protein levels, resulting in reduced activation of caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9 and PARP; AG490 attenuates these effects. Together, our data suggest that the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway facilitates the anti-apoptotic effect of C. psittaci infection by reducing the Bax/Bcl-2 apoptotic switch ratio, and by inhibiting the intracellular activation of key pro-apoptotic enzymes.
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL FROM FISHES

Production and characterization of fish oil were carried out using soxhlet apparatus and n-Hexane as the solvent for extraction. The extraction was carried out at the boiling point of the solvent. Five different species of fishes were used for the experiment. From the result of the extraction, it was observed that the fish A (Mormyrups deliciousus) and fish E (shawa) have a good percentage of oil content of about 30.22% and 24.02% of its dry mass, respectively, while cat fish, tilapia and mud fish have 6.72, 14.52 and 17.92, respectively. [1] reported a similar observation. The iodine and refractive indexes of this study is in agreement with those obtained by [1], and also falls within the specification of the standard value. These values, therefore, show that fish oil is a non drying oil, a good lubricant and a cure for goiter, while saponification and acid values were found to be higher than the standard value. However, the boiling points of the oil were close to the boiling point of water.