Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bovine milk composition parameters affecting the ethanol stability

The objective of the present work was to identify the compositional parameters of raw milk that affected ethanol stability at natural pH when natural milk conditions were not modified. Heat stability, measured as coagulation time (CT), was included in the analysis to verify relation to alcohol test. Statistical models were proposed for alcohol and heat (CT) stabilities. Milk samples of good hygienic quality from dairy farms were classified in two groups according to their alcohol stability. Unstable samples to ethanol (72%, v/v) presented lower values of pH, somatic cells count, casein and non-fat-solids relative to ethanol stable samples (ethanol at 78%, v/v or more); whereas freezing point, chloride, sodium and potassium concentrations were higher in the unstable group. Logistic regression and multiple regression were applied to modelling alcohol and heat stability behaviour respectively. Chloride, potassium, ionic calcium and somatic cell count were included in the alcohol regression model, whereas calcium, phosphorous, urea, pH and ionic calcium were part of CT model. Ionic calcium was the only measured variable that contributed to both models; however coagulation time was noted to be more sensitive to ionic calcium than alcohol. The relation between ionic strength and casein was found to contribute to the alcohol model but not to the CT model. However, the interaction calcium plus magnesium plus phosphorous and casein contributed only to CT model.
A Dynamin-Like Protein, ADL1, Is Present in Membranes as a High-Molecular-Mass Complex in Arabidopsis thaliana

Dynamin, a GTP-binding protein, is involved in endocytosis in animal cells. We found that a dynamin-like protein, ADL1, is present in multiple forms in Arabidopsis leaf tissue. Subcellular fractionation experiments, together with gel-filtration and nondenaturing-gel electrophoresis revealed that most of ADL1 is present as a high-molecular-mass complex of 400 to 600 kD in the membrane or pellet fraction, whereas ADL1 is present in the soluble fraction as a monomer. The subcellular distribution of ADL1 is affected by various agents such as Ca2+, cyclosporin A, GTP, and ATP. Ca2+ increases the amount of ADL1 present in the membrane fraction, whereas cyclosporin A inhibits the membrane association. Furthermore, Ca2+ and GTP change the migration pattern of ADL1 in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels, indicating that these chemicals influence either the complex formation and/or the conformation of the ADL1 complex. Our results demonstrate that ADL1 has characteristics that are similar to Dynamin I, which is found in animal cells. Therefore, it is possible that ADL1 is also involved in biological processes that require vesicle formation.
Investment decision-making under economic policy uncertainty

ABSTRACT It is widely established that economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affects investment decisions and performance, yet research in this area has overlooked the direct property investment market. This article seeks to rectify this and proposes a multistage multilevel analytical framework to offer new insights and a richness of findings. Using a news-based measure of EPU in the United Kingdom, and controlling for economic conditions, a national-level analysis reveals some evidence of Granger-Causality between EPU and total returns, indicating that pricing is responsive to uncertainty. These findings suggest that EPU is an important risk factor for direct property investments, with pricing implications. Differences in data and performance measure are important, however, with income returns unresponsive. A micro-level investigation begins to reveal some of the asset-pricing decisions underpinning the national results, indicating investors’ concerns for income streams are consistently high, regardless of varying EPU. Pricing can also cause changes in EPU, such as in the retail and industrial markets (increasingly linked through logistics) reflecting sector-specific stakeholder groups and newsworthy issues. This evidence highlights how important it is for policy-makers to understand the complex and bi-directional relationship, that indecision can undermine investment confidence and cause investment market volatility, in turn raising EPU.
Heritability of Morningness‐Eveningness and Self‐Report Sleep Measures in a Family‐Based Sample of 521 Hutterites

Individual variation in the phase and amplitude of human circadian rhythms is well known, but the impact of heritable factors on such variation is less clear. We estimated the narrow‐sense heritability for selected circadian and sleep timing, quality, and duration measures among related members of the Hutterites, an endogamous, religious community (n=521 participants). “Morningness‐eveningness” (M/E), a stable trait reflecting circadian phase, was evaluated using the Composite Scale (CS). Subjective sleep measures were assessed using the Sleep Timing Questionnaire. Initial analyses reconfirmed the impact of age on M/E. Previously reported correlations between M/E scores and the sleep measures were also noted, demonstrating the construct validity of the questionnaires among the participants. Following corrections for age, gender, and colony of residence, significant narrow‐sense heritability was noted for M/E (23%). The heritability for subjective sleep measures (related to timing, duration, and quality) were statistically significant for all but one variable, and varied between 12.4% and 29.4%. Thus, significant heritable influences on human circadian phase and subjective sleep indices can be detected through family‐based studies. In view of the impact of circadian malfunction on human health, it may be worthwhile to map genetic factors impacting circadian and sleep variation.
Breast self-examination practices and breast-cancer stage.

To determine the relation between breast self-examination performance and the clinical and pathological stage of breast cancer at first diagnosis, we studied 335 patients with breast cancer. Approximately one fourth of the patients reported that they had been practicing monthly breast self-examination, and half that they had never practiced breast self-examination. More frequent performance of breast self-examination was associated with more favorable clinical stage and fewer axillary-lymph-node metastases on histologic examination. On pathological examination, the age-adjusted maximum tumor diameter of patients practicing monthly breast self-examination was 1.97 +/- 0.22 cm (mean +/- S.E.M.) as compared to 2.47 +/- 0.20 for those performing self-examination less often than monthly and 3.59 +/- 0.15 for patients never performing breast self-examination. These data associating more favorable clinical and pathological stages of breast cancer with more frequent breast self-examination need to be extended by determination of the survival rates of the various self-examination groups.
An Assessment of Agricultural Cooperative’s Leadership Style In IlorinWestLocal Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria

The main purpose of this study was to examine agricultural cooperative’s leadership style among farmers in Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty cooperative farmers were randomly selected from different cooperative societies across villages of six political wards in the study area. Data were collected using structure questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and chi square analysis were used to analyse the data collected for the study. Results of the findings showed that majority (65.0%) of the cooperative farmers interviewed were male, adult/primary education (56.7%), farm size of 1-2 hectares (49.2%), and 4 -7 years of farming experience (30.0%). Saving schedule among most (35.8%) of the respondents was monthly while 40% also indicated N100 - N500 was their saving per schedule. Results further revealed that majority (54.2%) indicates that appointment of leaders was by selection. Qualities mostly considered for selection include self-confidence (70%) and intelligence (69.2%). Democratic and transitional leadership styles were mostly practiced as indicated by majority 41.7% and 18.0% respectively. Chi square analysis showed that age and educational status were significantly related to leadership style at p <0.05 level of significance. The study concludes that democratic leadership style was mostly practiced among farmer’s cooperative societies. Leaders are selected on the basis of intelligence, age and educational status. The study recommends that government and other relevant agencies should intensify effect to create awareness to cooperative farmers in the study area about leadership roles, qualities expected and the importance of leadership style to the success of their various agricultural cooperatives.
Predicting customer response to bank direct telemarketing campaign

Direct marketing enables banks and other financial organizations to focus on those customers who present the likelihood of subscribing to their products, offers, and other packages. Most often than not, identifying these group of customers poses a challenge to financial institutions. In line with the aforementioned, this study considered the typical case of bank direct marketing campaign dataset with two main objectives. First, to predict customer response to bank direct marketing by applying four classifiers namely, Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN), Decision Tree (C4.5), Logistic Regression and Random Forest (RF). Results from the study portray that Random Forest Classifier with an accuracy of 87% is the most prolific classifier in terms of predictive ability. Evaluation of the classifiers was performed using classification accuracy and ROC. The RF classifier produced 86.80% as well as 92.7% respectively to place first among the classifiers. The second objective was to identify the key features of customers who subscribed and are most likely to subsequently subscribe to term deposits. A cluster analysis was performed to achieve this goal. Results from the cluster analysis revealed that, customers on whom more call durations are spent on present a higher likelihood of subscribing to the term deposit. What is more, the results indicated further that customers with a minimum of secondary school education are good prospects to be targeted for the bank term deposit subscriptions.
Diuretic response to adenosine A(1) receptor blockade in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats: role of pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins.

Adenosine A(1) receptor antagonists are being developed for use as diuretics in the treatment of hypertension, however, there is relatively little data in hypertensive animal models regarding the efficacy of these compounds. In addition, some controversy exists surrounding the role of pertussis toxin (PT)-sensitive G-proteins in the signaling pathway for receptors acted on by A(1) antagonists. Our objectives for this study were 1) to compare the diuretic, natriuretic, and cardiovascular effects of acute A(1) receptor blockade in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY); and 2) to determine whether the diuretic effects are mediated through a PT-sensitive mechanism. Acute administration of the selective A(1) antagonist 1, 3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX; 10 microgram/kg/min) increased urine output (410 +/- 116 and 317 +/- 86 microliter/30 min/g kidney) and sodium excretion (90.3 +/- 25.6 and 76.8 +/- 18.2 micromol/30 min/g kidney) similarly in WKY and SHR, respectively. DPCPX significantly decreased mean arterial blood pressure in SHR (-11.4 +/- 2.7 mm Hg), but not WKY. Prior treatment with PT (30 microgram/kg i.v.) abolished the diuretic response to DPCPX in both SHR and WKY. In a subsequent experiment in PT-treated Sprague-Dawley rats, DPCPX failed to evoke a diuretic response, whereas coinfusion of furosemide with DPCPX induced marked diuresis. Our results indicate that acute DPCPX administration produces similar natriuretic/diuretic effects in SHR and WKY, with beneficial effects on blood pressure in SHR. PT abolishes the response to DPCPX, indicating that the natriuretic/diuretic response to DPCPX is mediated via blockade of A(1) receptors linked to tubular sodium transport through PT-sensitive G-proteins.
Does an Inclusive Citizenship Law Promote Economic Development?

Abstract This paper analyzes the impact of citizenship laws on economic development. We first document the evolution of citizenship laws around the world, highlighting the main features of jus soli, jus sanguinis as well as mixed regimes, and shedding light on the channels through which they could have differentiated impact on economic development. We then compile a data set of citizenship laws around the world. Using cross-country regressions, panel-data techniques, as well as the synthetic control method and subjecting the results to a battery of tests, we find robust evidence that jus soli laws—being more inclusive—lead to higher income levels than alternative citizenship rules in developing countries, though to a less extent in countries with stronger institutional environment.
Performance-based congestion control in information centric network

In the past years, huge data is passing through internet and this demands renovation to the TCP/IP networks. Information centric network is suggested to resolve limitation of address based communication in TCP/IP network. As one of ICN architecture, data transmission in Named Data Network (NDN) is performed by address based content pulling. To pull content, packets that contains content name are forwarded to content repositories through multi path. This data pulling based transmission is led by data receiver and existing congestion control algorithms are not enough to deal with this unfamiliar architecture. So we suggest a real performance based congestion control algorithm that can be used in NDN. Unlike other event based algorithms, we can act toward high performance regardless of forwarding strategy by monitoring real performance of network. To make a more precise monitoring, solution to packet interference between monitoring is also suggested. We show our algorithm works well in various interest packets forwarding strategies. And also, on multi flow sharing topology, our algorithm maintains fairness with other flows and throughput oscillation is stable.
Substrate integrated suspended line to air-filled SIW transition for high-performance millimeter-wave multilayer integration

Substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) and air-filled substrate integrated waveguide (AFSIW) technological platforms have been recently reported. They are both of high interest in the design of high-performance integrated millimeter-wave systems based on low-cost multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) technologies. This has been confirmed through simulations and experiments when comparing the insertion loss at Ka-band of the SISL and AFSIW with other conventional transmission lines. To take advantage of both platforms and interconnect SISL and AFSIW structures and circuits, a broadband SISL to AFSIW transition is reported. For demonstration purpose, a back-to-back transition operating over the Ka-band has been designed and fabricated. It achieves a matching of better than −15 dB and an insertion loss of 0.27 ±0.22 dB (0.11 ±0.06 dB for the transition) over the Ka-band.
Prediction of breed composition in an admixed cattle population.

Swiss Fleckvieh was established in 1970 as a composite of Simmental (SI) and Red Holstein Friesian (RHF) cattle. Breed composition is currently reported based on pedigree information. Information on a large number of molecular markers potentially provides more accurate information. For the analysis, we used Illumina BovineSNP50 Genotyping Beadchip data for 90 pure SI, 100 pure RHF and 305 admixed bulls. The scope of the study was to compare the performance of hidden Markov models, as implemented in structure software, with methods conventionally used in genomic selection [BayesB, partial least squares regression (PLSR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) variable selection)] for predicting breed composition. We checked the performance of algorithms for a set of 40 492 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), subsets of evenly distributed SNPs and subsets with different allele frequencies in the pure populations, using F(ST) as an indicator. Key results are correlations of admixture levels estimated with the various algorithms with admixture based on pedigree information. For the full set, PLSR, BayesB and structure performed in a very similar manner (correlations of 0.97), whereas the correlation of LASSO and pedigree admixture was lower (0.93). With decreasing number of SNPs, correlations decreased substantially only for 5% or 1% of all SNPs. With SNPs chosen according to F(ST) , results were similar to results obtained with the full set. Only when using 96 and 48 SNPs with the highest F(ST) , correlations dropped to 0.92 and 0.90 respectively. Reducing the number of pure animals in training sets to 50, 20 and 10 each did not cause a drop in the correlation with pedigree admixture.
Differential effect of thioacetamide on hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase expression in the rat

Liver‐specific and non–liver‐specific methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) are products of two genes, MAT1A and MAT2A, respectively, that catalyze the formation ofS‐adenosylmethionine (SAM), the principal methyl donor. Mature liver expresses mainly MAT1A. We showed a switch from MAT1A to MAT2A gene expression in human liver cancer cells that may offer a growth advantage. To gain a better understanding of the chronology and significance of the change in MAT expression, we examined changes in hepatic MAT expression after acute treatment of rats with a hepatocarcinogen, thioacetamide (TAA). TAA treatment for 3 weeks did not change the MAT1A mRNA level but reduced the liver‐specific MAT protein level to below 30% of control. TAA also acutely reduced the activity of liver‐specific MAT when added to normal liver homogenates. In contrast, both the mRNA and protein levels of non–liver‐specific MAT were induced. Because liver‐specific MAT exhibits a much higher Km for methionine (mmol/L) than non–liver‐specific MAT (≈10 μmol/L), MAT activity was decreased at 5 mmol/L but increased at 20 μmol/L methionine concentration. The SAM level, SAM‐to–S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratio, and DNA methylation all fell during treatment. In summary, TAA treatment induced differential changes in hepatic MAT expression. The reduction in liver‐specific MAT protein level represents a novel mechanism of inactivation of liver‐specific MAT. This along with induction in MAT2A contributed to a fall in the SAM‐to‐SAH ratio. The resulting DNA hypomethylation may be important in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Complement C4d in Graft Capillaries – the Missing Link in the Recognition of Humoral Alloreactivity

Staining of C4d in graft capillaries has emerged as a useful method to detect antibody‐mediated rejections in situ. Demonstration of capillary C4d has provided substantial clinical results and allows several conclusions: Antidonor antibodies (preformed or produced de novo) activate complement directly in the graft. Capillary C4d is present in about 30% of biopsies with acute and chronic rejections and separates rejections with a humoral component from ‘pure’ cell‐mediated rejections. Recognition of humoral alloreactivity is important, since effective treatment is now available. Since capillary C4d can appear and disappear at any time post transplantation, every transplant biopsy should be tested. Capillary C4d is now incorporated in the ‘Banff classification’. The incidence of C4d‐positive cases will probably decline because of the ‘routine’ application of potent immunosuppressants, including mycophenolate mofetil, that can inhibit antibody production. Presensitization, however, will remain a potential threat to allografts.
Enamel microarchitecture of a tribosphenic molar

The tribosphenic molar is a dental apomorphy of mammals and the molar type from which all derived types originated. Its enamel coat is expected to be ancestral: a thin, evenly distributed layer of radial prismatic enamel. In the bat Myotis myotis, we reinvestigated the 3D architecture of the dental enamel using serial sectioning combined with scanning electron microscopy analyses, biometrics of enamel prisms and crystallites, and X‐ray diffraction. We found distinct heterotopies in enamel thickness (thick enamel on the convex sides of the crests, thin on the concave ones), angularity of enamel prisms, and in distribution of particular enamel types (prismatic, interprismatic, aprismatic) and demonstrated structural relations of these heterotopies to the cusp and crest organization of the tribosphenic molar. X‐ray diffraction demonstrated that the crystallites composing the enamel are actually the aggregates of much smaller primary crystallites. The differences among particular enamel types in degree of crystallite aggregation and the variation in structural microstrain of the primary crystallites (depending upon the duration and the mechanical context of mineralization) represent factors not fully understood as yet that may contribute to the complexity of enamel microarchitecture in a significant way. J. Morphol. , 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do Investor Origins Affect Private Equity Investment Syndicates? A Case from India

The private equity industry has become a growing international phenomenon in recent years. As capital providers, PE firms are often seen to form collaborative relationships with one another during the investment process. These alliances can be pure syndicates—with similarly residing PE investors (domestic/foreign) or co-investments—when domestic and foreign PE investors jointly have stakes in the deal. In this study, the authors examine the composition of syndicates and their effect on investment patterns. They set their study in India, a country which is a rather late entrant into the PE market but has witnessed dramatic increases in PE investment in the last two decades. Using data from 1998 to 2014, pure syndicates are compared against those that have co-investment. The study also seeks to analyze if different syndicate types affect specific deal characteristics such as industry sector and investment size. Finally, the effects of investor origins and co-investment on investment size are explored. The results of the analysis indicate significant differences between industry sectors and deal characteristics, thus implying differing investor preferences. Regression analysis shows that co-investments were significantly associated with investment sizes. TOPICS: Private equity, performance measurement, emerging markets
The Orbitofrontal Cortex: Novelty, Deviation from Expectation, and Memory

Abstract: The orbitofrontal cortex is strongly connected with limbic areas of the medial temporal lobe that are critically involved in the establishment of declarative memories (entorhinal and perirhinal cortex and the hippocampal region) as well as the amygdala and the hypothalamus that are involved in emotional and motivational states. The present article reviews evidence regarding the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in the processing of novel information, breaches of expectation, and memory. Functional neuroimaging evidence is provided that there is a difference between the anterior and posterior orbitofrontal cortex in such processing. Exposure to novel information gives rise to a selective increase of activity in the granular anterior part of the orbitofrontal cortex (area 11) and this activity increases when subjects attempt to encode this information in memory. If the stimuli violate expectations (e.g., inspection of graffiti‐like stimuli in the context of other regular stimuli) or are unpleasant (i.e., exposure to the sounds of car crashes), there is increased response in the posteromedial agranular/dysgranular area 13 of the orbitofrontal region. The anatomic data provide a framework within which to understand these functional neuroimaging findings.