Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cosserat theory for elastoviscoplastic single crystals at finite deformation

IN THIS WORK, displacement and lattice rotation are regarded as independent degrees of freedom. They are connected only on the constitutive level and by the balance equations. The description of plastic deformation is based on the slip theory. Elastic lattice curvature and torsion are associated with couple-stresses. The continuum theory of dislocations has been revisited to derive the kinematics of plastic lattice torsion-curvature. Explicit constitutive equations and hardening rules are proposed to close the theory in the case of elastoviscoplasticity. The thermodynamical formulation of the model involves internal variables which are similar to the densities of statistically stored dislocations and the densities of geometrically necessary dislocations. Accordingly, the proposed Cosserat theory can be regarded, on the one hand, as the classical crystal plasticity theory complemented by lattice curvature and torsion variables and, on the other hand, as the continuum theory of dislocations closed by the missing hardening variables and constitutive equations within the appropriate micropolar framework. A generalization of Mandel's elastoviscoplastic decomposition of strain is used especially for the torsion-curvature measure at finite deformation.
Stroke Management Awareness and Behavior among Nursing Students in Bangladesh

Background: Stroke is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In Bangladesh, stroke accounts for 27% of deaths, making it the third leading cause of death and disability [1]. Nurses have a critical role to play in reducing death and disability among stroke victims, but many nursing students are not being educated to meet the challenges of this complex condition. Objectives: This study examined undergraduate nursing students’ awareness of strokes and their stroke patient management behaviors. Method: This was a descriptive study that surveyed undergraduate nursing students about their awareness of strokes and stroke patient management behaviors. One hundred and forty-four students were recruited from Dhaka University’s and Rajshahi University’s nursing colleges in Bangladesh. The students completed and returned the Awareness of Stroke Risk Factors, Awareness of Stroke Warning Signs, and Behavior of First Responses to Strokes and Behaviors of Special Managements of Stroke questionnaires between December, 2014 and February, 2015. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation-Coefficient. Results: The results showed that nursing students had a moderate awareness level of stroke risk factors (M = 74.24, SD = 12.30) and a very low awareness of stroke warning signs (M = 55, SD = 10.72). In addition, all of the students had a low to very low level of behaviors of special stroke patient management (M = 62.11, SD = 9.75) and a very low level of behaviors of first responses to strokes (M = 0.24, SD = 0.43). There was a significant positive correlation between nursing students’ awareness of stroke risk factors and stroke warning signs (r = 0.247**, p 0.05). In addition, their awareness of stroke warning signs was not correlated with their behaviors of special stroke patient management (r = 0.031, p > 0.05). These findings suggested that nursing students need to increase their awareness level to develop stroke management behaviors in order to improve practicum preparedness. Conclusion: Work-based education must be a part of nursing students’ curricula to increase their awareness of strokes and improve their stroke management behaviors to improve practicum preparedness.
FABRICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PEGYLATED GLYCERIDE LABRASOL® NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER COMPOSITES OF METHOTREXATE: THE PATHWAY TO EFFECTIVE CANCER THERAPY

Objective: The objective of the current study is to optimize and evaluate the potential of polyethylene glycolylated (PEG) glyceride Labrasol® nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) composites of methotrexate (MTX) to achieve enhanced sustained release delivery in cancer treatment. Materials and Methods: MTX-NLC was successfully prepared by hot melt emulsification and probe sonication method for spatial and controlled release of this therapeutic agent. Results: The solubility screening of MTX and lipids resulted in the selection of Monostearin as solid lipid, PEGylated glyceride Labrasol® and olive oil as liquid lipids for the formulation of MTX-loaded NLC composites. Particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of both the composites were confirmed using dynamic light scattering, whereby Labrasol® MTX-NLC showed high entrapment efficiency and drug loading. A spherical particle shape with smooth surface of all the composites was confirmed from the scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Labrasol® MTX-NLC showed remarkably increased cytotoxic response, augmented cellular uptake, and low half maximal inhibitory concentration value in MCF-7 cells. In vitro release study confirmed that encapsulation of MTX in PEGylated glyceride Labrasol® MTX-NLC resulted in enhanced sustained release of MTX for a period of 48 h. Conclusion: The present study establishes that PEGylated glyceride Labrasol® MTX-NLC can be considered as a promising anticancer delivery system, thereby improving antitumor efficacy of the drug.
Assessment of an environmental barrier to transport of ichthyoplankton from the southern to the northern Benguela ecosystems

The Luderitz upwelling cell and Orange River cone (LUCORC) area, a transboundary region between South Africa and Namibia, is considered to be an environmental barrier to transport of ichthyoplankton from the southern to the northern Benguela upwelling ecosystems. We use envi- ronmental data and modelling to assess the potential mechanisms responsible for this barrier: envi- ronmental data were extracted from the 1 × 1° World Ocean Atlas 2001 database and used to build maps of annual mean salinity, temperature, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentra- tions; outputs of a regional circulation model were used in an individual-based model to assess the transport of passive particles from the southern to the northern Benguela. The data show no clear environmental barrier at sea surface, but the model results suggest that particles released there would be largely transported offshore. The model also shows that particles released below the sur- face could be transported alongshore from the southern to the northern Benguela, but low subsurface temperatures would increase ichthyoplankton mortality and hence be a strong limiting factor to northward transport. We conclude that the combination of a surface hydrodynamic and a subsurface thermal barrier could limit the possibility for ichthyoplankton of epipelagic species to be transported from the southern to the northern Benguela, but that ichthyoplankton of mesopelagic species, having a wider tolerance to low temperatures, would be less affected.
Expansion of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in Mainland Southeast Asia: what are the prospects for smallholders?

The rubber tree is native to the humid tropics and has traditionally been cropped in the equatorial zone between 10°N and 10°S; in mainland Southeast Asia this includes portions of southern Thailand, southeastern Vietnam, and southern Myanmar. In the early 1950s, the Chinese government began to invest in growing rubber in environments perceived to be ecologically marginal and eventually established state rubber plantations in areas that lie as far north as 22° north latitude. China's success in growing rubber in these ‘non-traditional’ environments expanded the habitat in which rubber could be planted and pushed it further north. Today entrepreneurs from China, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Thailand are investing in rubber plantations in areas of Laos, Cambodia, and Myanmar, northwest Vietnam, northeast Thailand, and Yunnan, China. The impact of rubber on smallholders, however, is not yet clear. Experiences in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China and northeast Thailand clearly show that smallholder rubber production is a viable and effective proposition in moving households and communities out of poverty. By contrast in countries such as Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar many farmers are struggling to maintain their lands and forests in the face of growing pressures from investors and government institutions to impose concession arrangements.
A Review on Accelerated Failure Time Models

Survival analysis is the analysis of statistical data in which the outcome variable of interest is time until an event occurs. In Statistical literature, it is observed that a good number of models have been developed for analyzing survival data or life time data . The most popular among them is the Cox Proportional Hazard (PH) model. Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) model, which is mainly used to study the reliability of industrial products can also be considered as a good alternative of Cox PH model in analyzing survival data. In this paper, the attempt has been made to present a review on Accelerated Failure Time models. Here the historical developments, technical developments and past research on AFT models are discussed.
Predictors of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Organ Donation in Kuwait

Background and objectives: In Kuwait, information regarding public knowledge and attitudes towards organ donation are scanty This study aimed to evaluate public knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation and determine factors which predict them. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 630 participants recruited from 27 randomly selected public cooperative societies and private supermarkets in Kuwait. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Results : The prevalence rate of knowledge about organ donation was 68%, with a significantly higher rate among females than males (73% vs. 63%, respectively, p = 0.01). A composite score of knowledge was also higher among females than males (8.4 ± 5.8 vs. 6.8 ± 5.8, respectively, p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, female gender ( OR = 1.7; 95% CI =1.2, 2.4) and an educational level of bachelor’s degree or higher ( OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.7, 3.9) were significant predictors of the knowledge. Among the barriers, more females than males mentioned about the fear of the operative procedures ( p <0.001) and complications after the surgery ( p = 0.011). Overall, 73% accepted the idea of organ donation during life, and 67% actually opted for donating their organs during life. However, almost everybody wanted to donate organs to their relatives. Conclusion : The study identified factors predicting knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation. The results will help in planning how to improve the rate of donors in Kuwait. IMC J Med Sci 2016; 10(1): 01-09
Acute kidney injury after partial nephrectomy: transient or permanent kidney damage?-Impact on long-term renal function.

Partial nephrectomy represents the gold standard treatment for cT1 renal masses (1,2). Indeed, several studies demonstrated the superiority of nephron-sparing approach relative to radical approach, with respect to long-term renal function (3,4). Despite the lack of experimental data, multiple observational investigations described important clinical consequences related to such functional benefit. For example, the clinical sequelae of such benefit range from lower cardiovascular morbidity to potential survival benefit (5-7).
On the time evolution of ENSO and its teleconnections in an ensemble view – a new perspective

Abstract. The changes in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and its precipitation-related teleconnections over the Globe under climate change are investigated in the Community Earth System Model's Large Ensemble from 1950 to 2100. For the investigation, a recently developed ensemble-based method, the snapshot empirical orthogonal function (SEOF) analysis is used. The instantaneous ENSO pattern is defined as the leading mode of the SEOF analysis carried out at a given time instant over the ensemble. The corresponding principal components (PC1s) characterize the ENSO phases. We find that the largest amplitude changes in the variability of the sea surface temperature fields occur in the June–July–August–September (JJAS) season, in the Niño3–Niño3. 4 region and in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean, however, the increase is also considerable along the Equator in December–January–February (DJF). The Niño3 amplitude shows also an increase of about 20 % and 10 % in JJAS and DJF, respectively. The strength of the precipitation-related teleconnections of the ENSO is found to be non-stationary, as well. For example, the anti-correlation with precipitation in Australia in JJAS and the positive correlation in Central and North Africa in DJF are predicted to be more pronounced by the end of the 21th century. Half-year-lagged correlations, aiming to predict precipitation conditions from ENSO phases, are also studied. The Australian, Indonesian precipitation and that of the eastern part of Africa in both JJAS and DJF seem to be well predictable based on ENSO phase, while the South Indian precipitation is in relation with the half-year previous ENSO phase only in DJF. The strength of these connections increases, especially from the African region to the Arabian Peninsula.
The Influence of Artist in Schools (AiS) Program and the ARCS Motivational Model on Students' Creativity and Motivation in Visual Art

The word ‘education’ comes from the Greek word ‘educare’ which means carrying out the potentials stored in the children's psyche to be guided in order for them to grow. It involves the dissemination of information or knowledge to, and acceptance by, a student which results in the receiver’s behavioral changes. The “Artist in Schools” (AiS) program was initiated by the researchers and became the platform for the collaboration between schools and artists aimed at increasing the students’ motivation in arts education. It encompasses the sharing of knowledge and experiences between the two groups. This paper is aimed at analyzing the students’ creativity and motivation in visual art by using the ARCS Motivational Model. Using the multi-case studies, nine secondary schools from Peninsular Malaysia were selected as the sample of the study. In-depth interviews, observation, and analysis of related documents were applied. The data were presented narratively. The result revealed that AiS was significantly functional and instrumental in enhancing and encouraging the level of creativity and motivation of the students in visual arts. This study may give a great impact on the students’ development specifically in the learning of visual arts.
The Influence of Institutional Ownership, Leverage, and Audit Committee on Earnings Management: Evidence of Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Objective – This research aimed to analyze: 1) The influence of institutional ownership to earnings management, 2) The influence of leverage to earnings management dan 3) The influence of audit committee. Design/methodology – Population in this research is entire companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2015-2017. Election of the sample with the purposive sampling method and is obtained by the amount of sample counted 194 company. This research used secondary data. The analysis used is multiple linear regression and t-test, to seek the influence of institutional ownership, leverage, and audit committee to earnings management. Results – Result of examination indicate that: 1) Institutional ownership had a significant effect to earnings management, with direction is positive 2) Leverage had a significant effect to earnings management, with direction is negative and 3) audit committee had a significant effect to earnings management, with direction is positive.
SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS-2 INFECTION IN BACKYARD AND COMMERCIAL POULTRY BIRDS IN SAUDI ARABIA

Serological survey was conducted to detect avian paramyxovirus serotype-2 (APMV-2) antibodies in commercial and backyard bird flocks, using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Sera were collected from 212 commercial and 56 backyard birds. Age of commercial birds ranged from one-day old to 62 weeks. In the backyard birds, seroprevalence of APVM-2 was 71.42 and 78.57%, whereas this seroprevalence was 52.35 and 60.84% using the HI test and the ELISA, respectively in commercial poultry birds. No antibodies against APMV-2 were detected in 1-5 days old chicks with either test. The HI test showed the highest positive samples (P<0.05) of APMV-2 in 19-35 days age group (58.33%), followed by age group 11-18 weeks (51.35%) and 25-62 weeks (47.05%). Similarly, ELISA also showed the highest positive samples of APMV-2 (68.75%) in 19-35 days age group (P<0.05), followed by age group 11-18 weeks (62.16%) and 25-62 weeks (56.86%). In conclusion, this study indicated the presence of antibodies to APMV-2 among backyard and commercial poultry birds in Saudi Arabia.
Variability Scaling and Consistency of Airborne and Satellite Altimetry Measurements of Arctic Sea Ice

Abstract. Satellite and airborne remote sensing provide complementary capabilities for the observation of the sea ice cover. However, due to the differences in footprint sizes and noise levels of the measurement techniques, as well as sea ice's variability across scales, it is challenging to carry out inter-comparison or consistency study of these observations. In this study we focus on the remote sensing of sea ice thickness parameters, and carry out: (1) the analysis of variability and its statistical scaling for typical parameters, and (2) the consistency study between airborne and satellite measurements. By using collocating data between Operation IceBridge and CryoSat-2 in the Arctic, we show that there exists consistency between the variability of radar freeboard estimations, although CryoSat-2 has higher noise levels. Specifically, we notice that the noise levels vary among different CryoSat-2 products, and for ESA CryoSat-2 freeboard product the noise levels are at about 14 and 20 cm for first-year and multiyear ice, respectively. On the other hand, for Operation IceBridge and ICESat, it is shown that the variability of snow (or total) freeboard is quantitatively comparable, despite over 5 years' the time difference between the two datasets. Furthermore, by using Operation IceBridge data, we also find wide-spread negative covariance between ice freeboard and snow depth, which only manifest at small spatial scales (40 m for first-year ice and about 80 to 120 m for MYI). This statistical relationship highlights that the snow cover reduces the overall topography of the ice cover. Besides, there is prevalent positive covariability between snow depth and snow freeboard across a wide range of spatial scales. The variability and consistency analysis calls for more process-oriented observations and modeling activities to elucidate key processes governing snow-ice interaction and sea ice variability on various spatial scales. The statistical results can also be utilized in improving both radar and laser altimetry, as well as the validation of sea ice and snow prognostic models.
A Feature-Oriented Fault Diagnosis Agreement Protocol in Distributed Systems

Understanding the fault-tolerance of distributed systems is crucial for achieving reliability. One of the most important issues surrounding fault-tolerance is the Fault Diagnosis Agreement (FDA) problem. The purpose of FDA is to help each fault-free processor detecting/locating a common set of faulty processors. In general, FDA protocols need ⎣ ( n -1)/3 ⎦ +2 rounds of message exchange to detect or locate faulty components, regardless of the presence or absence of faulty processors. However, the number of messages produced results in a large protocol overhead. To solve the FDA problems efficiently, a novel concept of feature value is proposed in our algorithm to reach an agreement using the minimum constant number of rounds characterized by the presence of dual failure characteristics of processors. In addition, the proposed protocol can detect/locate the maximum possible number of faulty processors in a network.
Running head : Timing of Abatement and R & D Externalities i Induced Technological Change : The Timing of Abatement and the Impact of Internalizing R & D Externalities in the BAU By

The economic modelling community has put great effort into incorporating endogenous technological change into their models; however, there is little consistency in the modeling of the business-as-usual scenario. This paper examines the impact of research and development externalities often included when considering induced technological change. These externalities should remain external to the representative agent. The optimal timing of abatement remains up for debate and the externalities internalized by the representative agent will affect the implied scale and timing effects of induced technological change. We follow the model of Shiell and Lyssenko (2014). We incorporate Gerlagh’s price deflator to normalize shadow values and to allow us to follow Mercenier and Michel (1994a, 1994b) in applying varying time periods. The model is solved for eight scenarios with various combinations of research and development externalities internalized in the business-as-usual. Without any externalities internalized by the representative agent, induced technological change is responsible for less than 20% of optimal abatement. That share of abatement appears higher with duplication and crowding out, and lower with leakage externalities internalized. We find evidence that induced technological change delays abatement, and that internalizing duplication and crowding out externalities exaggerates the delay while, while internalizing leakages negates it. Timing of Abatement and R&D Externalities iii
Marshall or Jacobs ? The Localisation versus Urbanisation Debate

A large amount of literature provides empirical evidence in support of Marshall or Jacobs theories regarding the specialisation or diversity effects on the economic performance of regions. This paper surveys these scholarly contributions and summarises their results according to their similarities and differences. The reviewed empirical work presents a diverse picture of possible conditions and circumstances under which each kind of externalities could be at work. The wide breadth of findings is generally not explained by differences in the strength of agglomeration forces across industries, countries or time periods, but by measurement and methodological issues. The levels of industrial and geographical aggregation together with the choice of performance measures, specialisation and diversity indicators are the main causes for the lack of resolution in the debate. The three-digit industrial classification seems to be the level at which MAR and Jacobs effects are undistinguishable from one another, and this is often exacerbated by a high level of geographical aggregation.