Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Program for Promoting Social Science Research Aimed at Solutions of Near-Future Problems Design of Interfirm Network to Achieve Sustainable Economic Growth Measuring Economic Localization: Evidence from Japanese

Using a unique and massive data set that contains information on inter rm transaction relationships, we examine default propagation along the trade credit channel and for the rst time provide direct and systematic evidence of its existence and relevance. Not only do we implement simulations in order to detect prospective defaulters, we also estimate the probabilities of actual rm bankruptcies and compare the predicted defaults and actual defaults. We nd, rst, that an economically sizable number of rms are predicted to fail when their customers default on their trade debt. Second, these prospective defaulters are indeed more likely to go bankrupt than other rms. Third, a certain type of rm-bank relationships, in which a bank extends loans to many of the rms in the same supply chain, signi cantly reduces rmsbankruptcy probability, providing evidence for the existence and relevance of deep pockets as documented in Kiyotaki and Moore (1997). Keywords: inter rm networks, trade credit, default propagation JEL classi cation: E32, G21, G32, G33 Preliminary. This study is a product of the project Design of Inter rm Networks to Achieve Sustainable Economic Growthunder the program for Promoting Social Science Research Aimed at Solutions of Near-Future Problems conducted by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). The authors are grateful to Tsutomu Watanabe, Makoto Nirei, Daisuke Miyakawa, Shin-ichi Fukuda, Takatoshi Ito, Kosuke Aoki, Kaoru Hosono, Arito Ono, Hirofumi Uchida, Peng Xu, Hikaru Fukanuma, Koichi Yoshimura, Ralph Paprzycki, and participants at the SWET workshop, the RIETI study group, and the DBJ RICF seminar for their helpful comments and suggestions. The authors are also grateful to Teikoku Data Bank Incorporated, especially, Masahiro Miyatani, Taro Aihara, Takuro Kitou, Takashi Suzuki, and Goro Komatsuzaki for data provision and research collaboration. yGraduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University. Email: hit-tdb@ier.hit-u.ac. jp. zInstitute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University. Email: iuesugi@ier.hit-u.ac. jp.
Profit sharing the firm-size wage premium

This study analyzes the relationships among wages, firm size, and profit sharing schemes. We develop a simple theoretical model and explore the relationship empirically using high-quality panel data. The theoretical model shows that the firm-size wage premium decreases in the presence of profit sharing. The empirical results based on rich matched employee-employer data for private sector wage earners in Finland show that the firm-size wage premium is modest, and it becomes negligible when we account for profit sharing and covariates describing assortative matching and monopsony behavior. The analysis suggests that profit sharing schemes embody effects of firm-specific unobservables that raise productivity, support rent sharing and boost wages.
Learning, Sticky Inflation, and the Sacrifice Ration

Over the past forty years, U.S. ination has exhibited highly persistent movements. Moreover, these shifts in ination have typically had real consequences, implying a sacri ce ratio,whereby disinations are typically associated with recessions and persistent increases in ination often associated with booms. One hypothesis about the source of the sacri ce ratio is that ination and not just the price level is sticky. Another is that private-sector agents typically must infer changes in ination objectives indirectly from central bank interestrate policy. The resulting learning process can lead to a sacri ce ratio trade-o¤. In this paper, I allow for both sticky ination and learning in interpreting U.S. macroeconomic developments since 1955. Two key empirical ndings are, rst, that allowing for learning reduces the evidence for sticky ination. Second, there is less evidence for sticky ination in the post-1983 period than earlier. Indeed, in some estimates, there is little evidence of sticky ination in the period since 1983, although this result is sensitive to the details of the speci cation. Nonetheless, simulation results suggest that for realistic models, the sacri ce ratio can be accounted for entirely by learning. Mailing address: Stop 76, Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C., 20551, USA. Email address: jroberts@frb.gov. The views expressed in this paper are soley those of the author and should not be interpreted as reecting the views of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other person associated with the Federal Reserve System.
Mass-Balance Modelling Results of Groundwater Data Collected at Olkiluoto over the Period 2004 – 2007

Olkiluoto has been selected as a repository site for final disposal of spent nuclear waste produced in Finland. An understanding of the hydrogeochemical groundwater conditions and their evolution is essential in evaluating the long-term safety of the repository. The performance of technical barriers and the migration of potentially released radionuclides depend on the chemical conditions. A prerequisite for understanding these factors is the ability to specify the water-rock interactions, which control chemical conditions in the groundwater. The objective of this study is to present mass-balance studies of the samples collected over the period 2004 2007. A total of 178 groundwater samples have been collected over this period (84 groundwater observation tubes, 88 from deep multipackered boreholes and 6 from the ONKALO) which provided a comprehensive dataset on dissolved chemical species and isotopes. The PHREEQC program was used in the mass-balance calculations in order to develop geochemical interpretations of water-rock interactions, isotope-chemical evolution and the mixing of palaeowater types. A model of the hydrogeochemical evolution in different parts of the crystalline bedrock at Olkiluoto has been created and the significance of chemical reactions and groundwater mixing along different flow paths calculated. The changes in hydrogeochemical interpretations and chemical and isotopic calculations indicate that pH seems to be dominantly controlled by thermodynamic equilibrium with calcite in fractures and there are indications that this process may also occur in the overburden layer. Oxic redox conditions, prevailing in recharging groundwater, change abruptly to sulphidic conditions close to the surface, generally in the overburden. The results from the mass-balance calculations correspond and support the earlier conceptions of groundwater mixing, the origin of salinity and the hydrogeochemical evolution. The fractions of glacial meltwater indicated in these calculations are smaller than in those carried out previously and are mainly limited to depths of less than 300 m. This results from a re-assessment of the initial subglacial groundwater used in the calculations. Calculated mass-transfers in chemical reactions seem to remain marginal, however, they are essential in stabilising hydrogeochemical conditions in metastable mixing zones, such as the infiltration zone at shallow depth and at greater depths at the interface between brackish SO4-type and saline groundwater types. Individual results, however, contain uncertainties which should be taken into account in mass-balance calculation in the future.
DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF PRESSURIZED BATCH HOT WATER PRETREATMENT AND COMPARISON OF WARM SEASON GRASSES FOR BIOCONVERSION TO ETHANOL by SARAH KATHERINE BRANDON

Efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol is required to make the overall process more economically feasible. Developing new and more effective pretreatments to disrupt lignocellulosic biomass prior to enzymatic saccharification and fermentation is one approach to meet this end. A pressurized batch hot water (PBHW) reactor was designed and tested as an autohydrolytic pretreatment for grass biomass. Pretreatment of whole biomass solids at 230° for two minutes was found to be the optimal operating parameters for the pretreatment to disrupt the biomass and remove hemicellulose. Pressure and solids loading during pretreatment had negligible effects on pretreatment efficacy. Tifton 85 bermudagrass, ADEL switchgrass, and Merkeron napiergrass were evaluated for bioconversion to ethanol using PBHW pretreatment, with pretreated napiergrass and bermudagrass producing the highest ethanol yield of 22.45 g/L and 21.3 g/L respectively. Inhibitors were also evaluated during the bioconversion process, and PBHW pretreatment results in removal of fermentation and enzyme inhibitors prior to fermentation.
Yasmin Ahmad: Auteuring a New Malaysian Cinematic Landscape

Since P. Ramlee, no other filmmaker but Yasmin Ahmad has been capable of creating a significant impact in Malaysian cinema. She achieved this through her films that have persistently challenged not only the conventions of Malaysian cinema, but also daringly exposed societal taboos and its hypocrisies on the cinematic screen. All her six films differ from the conservative, unadventurous and conventional Malaysian films that revolve around the tiresome, "tried and tested", monotonous entertainment containing elements of love (suka), sadness (duka) and humour (jenaka). Her films, which are criticisms about the failings of the Malaysian society and in particular the Malays, employ cosmopolitan themes of humour, love and humanism to move beyond merely focusing on race and ethnicity. In doing so, her films paradoxically employ the "sensitive" issue of interethnic relations to highlight the struggles faced by common Malaysians within and between cultures and religions. By highlighting the everyday problems faced by everyday people, Yasmin Ahmad has extensively altered the Malaysian cinematic landscape by removing demarcations along racial, ethnic, religion, cultural, age and gender lines. This allows her films to move beyond being focused on multiculturalism and to contest more socially, culturally and politically issues closely related to Malaysians. This consistent demonstration of cinematic aptitude and ideological Wacana Seni Journal of Arts Discourse. Jil. /Vol.14. 2015 88 contestations are befitting of the qualities and characteristics of an auteur. This paper examines how Yasmin Ahmad's stylistic signature of blurring the boundaries of ethno-racial communities to move beyond multiculturalism, coupled with her cinematic capabilities and artistic styles of employing an experimental mix of stylistic elements from independent cinema, commercial cinema and television aesthetics in all her films would position her as an auteur.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS BY DELTAMETHRIN AND SPINOSAD ON THE GRAIN WEEVILS Sitophilus zeamais AND S. granarius

viii RESUMO . ix INTRODUÇÃO GERAL . 1 REFERÊNCIAS . 3 CHAPTER 1 Deltamethrinand spinosad-mediated survival, activity and avoidance of the grain weevils Sitophilus granarius and S. zeamais . 7 Abstract . 8 Introduction . 9 Material and Methods . 10 Results . 14 Discussion . 23 References . 26 CHAPTER 2 Spinosadand deltamethrin-induced impact on mating and reproductive output of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais . 34 Abstract . 35 Introduction . 36 Materials and Methods . 38 Results . 41 Discussion . 47 References . 50 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS . 59
DMSO_A_194688 1555..1561

Endocrinology, UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven 3000, Belgium Abstract: There is a clear unmet need in people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Although the quality of life of people with T1D has improved, issues like hypoglycemia, weight gain and variability in glucose profiles remain. In this review, the clinical efficacy and safety of empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor in T1D, is described based on a review of phase 2 and 3 studies to date. Empagliflozin and SGLT2 inhibitors, in general, are effective glucose-lowering drugs, which also work in people with T1D. Recent phase II and III studies, including the EASE trials for empagliflozin, showed a clear beneficial effect on HbA1c, body weight, glucose variability and total daily insulin use in people with T1D. No increase in hypoglycemia risk, in particular severe hypoglycemia, was observed, but genital infections were more prevalent. The use of SGLT2 inhibitors comes with a decrease in insulin doses, making individuals more prone to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The uniqueness of the EASE program is that here, a very low dose of empagliflozin was used, with less, but still present, effects on metabolic outcomes, but interestingly a lower risk of DKA. Importantly, even in the higher doses of empagliflozin, it is clear that the overall risk for DKA remains low, most likely by educating patients and caretakers intensively on this subject. In conclusion, evidence is building on the potential of using empagliflozin, like other SGLT2 inhibitors, in T1D. However, to date, the use of empagliflozin is not approved in people with T1D. Clinicians will have to weigh the potential shortand longterm benefits of these adjunct therapies versus the potential acute side effects, in particular, the small but real risk of DKA in the individual T1D patient.
COMPARISON OF L2- AND L1-NORM TO PERFORM THE INVERSION OF TRAVEL-TIME CURVES USING NONHYPERBOLIC MULTIPARAMETRIC APPROXIMATIONS WITH UNIMODAL AND MULTIMODAL BEHAVIOR

ABSTRACT. Many nonhyperbolic multiparametric travel-time approximations were developed in the last decades. As the seismic inversion became more popular, there were studies concerning the objective function of this kind of equations. Many of these approximations have a unimodal behavior where there is only the global minimum region while others have a multimodal statistical distribution with the global minimum region and one or more local minimum regions. However, two approximations showed both unimodal and multimodal behaviors to vary depending on the model. As the variation of the model generates only subtle distortions concerning the topology of the objective function, a method which can make this topology more abrupt is a solution to perform a more effective inversion. This kind of information can be reached using the L1-norm rather than the L2-norm, and with the comparison of the two norms for both reflection events (PP and PS) of the model and both approximations, it is possible to understand which kind of improvement it brings concerning the complexity and accuracy analysis.Keywords: objective function, nonhyperbolicity, probability distribution.RESUMO. Várias aproximações não-hiperbólicas multiparamétricas de tempos de trânsito foram desenvolvidas nas últimas décadas. Com a inversão sísmica se tornando cada vez mais popular, houve estudos relacionados à função objetivo desse tipo de equação. Muitas dessas aproximações apresentam um comportamento unimodal, onde há apenas uma região de mínimo global, enquanto outras apresentam uma distribuição estatística multimodal, com a região de mínimo global e uma ou mais regiões de mínimos locais. Entretanto, duas aproximações mostraram ambos os comportamentos, unimodal e multimodal, variando a depender do modelo. Como a variação do modelo gera apenas distorções sutis com relação à topologia da função objetivo, um método no qual é capaz de tornar a topologia mais abrupta é uma forma de realizar a inversão de maneira mais efetiva. Este tipo de informação pode ser obtido usando a norma L1 ao invés da norma L2, e com a comparação das duas normas para ambos os eventos de reflexão (PP e PS) do modelo e para ambas as aproximações, é possível entender qual tipo de melhoria é alcançada com relação à análise de complexidade e de precisão. Palavras-chave: função objetivo, não-hiperbolicidade, distribuição probabilística.
Growing and finishing performance and body composition for St. Croix wethers consuming growing diets differing in grain and protein levels*

Twenty-four 3-month-old St. Croix wethers (14.5 + 0.53 kg initial live weight) were used to determine potential for enhancing efficiency of feed utilization by feeding a growing diet marginal in protein (83 days) to elevate fat deposition and partially delay protein accretion until a subsequent finishing phase (65 days; 80% concentrate, 20% crude protein diet). Endophyte-free fescue hay (14.4% crude protein) was consumed ad libitum during growing (83 days), with 1.25% body weight of maize plus a mixture of high-protein feedstuffs (82% crude protein) (LM-P), 2.5% body weight of maize plus high-protein feedstuffs (HM-P), or 2.5% body weight of maize (HM). Growing phase dry matter intake was similar among treatments (923, 978, and 900 g/day; SE 64.1) and live weight gain was greater (P<0.05) for HM-P vs LM-P and H M (139, 188, and 148 g/day for LM-P, HM-P, and H M , respectively; SE 8.9). Empty body protein mass after growing ranked (P<0.05) H M < L M P < H M P (4.17, 4.31, and 4.10 kg; SE 0.011), and fat mass was greater (P<0.05) for HM-P vs LM-P and H M (6.07, 7.01, and 5.66 kg for LM-P, HM-P, and H M , respectively; SE 0.188). Dry matter intake and live weight gain during, and body composition after, finishing were similar among treatments, although much of the difference in fat mass after growing between HM-P and other treatments was maintained through finishing (13.6, 14.2, and 13.6 kg for LM-P, HM-P, and HM, respectively; SE 0.80).
Yield performance of soybean cultivars with indeterminate growth habits in response to plant spatial arrangement

Modifications in plant spatial arrangements, such as the use of narrow rows, twin rows, and crossed rows, may favor the development and productivity of soybeans due to the morphophysiological changes occurring in the plants. The aim of this research was to assess yield components, mortality rate, harvest index, and the yield, of two soybean cultivars, with indeterminate growth habits, in response to alternative plant spatial arrangements. The experiment was conducted in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil, in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 growing seasons, with randomized complete block design, in a 4 × 3 × 2 factorial scheme, with three replications. The treatments were composed of four row spacings, at 0.2 m (narrow rows); 0.2/0.8 m (twin rows); 0.5 m (traditional); and 0.5 m (crossed rows); at three seeding rates (150, 300, and 450 thousand viable seeds ha-1) in two cultivars (BMX Potência RR and BRS 359 RR). In both growing seasons, there was a water deficit, and climatic conditions that would restrict soybean growth and development. The narrow rows, twin rows, and crossed rows did not favor yield performance compared to traditional spacing in either cultivar. The tested cultivars showed high phenotypic plasticity, allowing large changes in row spacing and seeding rate without major changes in the yield. The narrow rows, when associated with a high seeding rate, favored plant mortality. Grains per pod and harvest index were not influenced by the plant spatial arrangement.
Examining the Factors Related to Mortality Aamongst One Year Old and Younger Children in Yazd City During 2011 to 2013 Period

Introduction: Provision, maintaining and improving health status of one year old and younger children as a vulnerable group has been considered as an important issue pertaining to healthcare and medical services. Index of mortality of under one year old children is among most important healthcare indices; and is known as the most important index of healthcare status of any society as well as the quality of life in any region. The present study aimed for examining causes of mortality amongst one year or younger children who were covered by health centers in Yazd city during 2011 to 2013 period. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using control-test group method. All recorded cases of mortality for children in Yazd city during the first year of their life were included in statistical population, while for each case of mortality two cases of living children were examined as control group. The data were collected by direct visits on healthcare centers in the city and examining case files for children. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software package.
First year students' boredom in applied communiction skills classroom at a South African university of technology

ABSTRACT Researchers worldwide have reported on student boredom in schools as well as in higher education contexts. However, little attention has been paid to this aspect of student response in South Africa’s classrooms. This quantitative study aimed to determine the boredom levels of a group of first-year students at a South African university of technology in the early stages of a compulsory year-long first-year Applied Communication Skills programme conducted in English, and to investigate possible factors associated with boredom. A closed-ended questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 182 students. Unexpectedly, the results revealed lower levels of boredom in class than had been found in earlier international studies. The male students reported less boredom than the female students, and all the students reported significantly less boredom at tertiary level than they had experienced in secondary school. There was no statistically significant correlation between the students’ boredom levels and their home language, or between their boredom levels and their self-reported levels of proficiency in English. Although our study focused just on one subject in a single institution, it suggests that student boredom in South Africa may be less prevalent at tertiary level than previously assumed. Future research could usefully investigate levels of student boredom, and associated factors, across a wider range of classes and higher education institutions.
EQUIDIFFERENTIABILITY OF SUBSETS OF INFINITELY DIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTION SPACES

In this paper, the concept of equidifferentiability, which is analogous to the concept of equicontinuity, is introduced and this concept is applied to some relations between the sets consisting of finitely equidifferentiable functions defined on [0, 1] and the sets consisting of infinitely equidifferentiable functions defined on [0, 1]. Moreover, fixed point theorems for the finitely differentiable function spaces and those for the infinitely differentiable function spaces are remarked.
Spatial stochastic simulation of cellular reaction networks A comparison of discretizations of the Laplace operator for mesoscopic di usion

The software URDME simulates stochastic chemical systems by sampling trajectories that are statistically consistent with a reaction-diffusion master equation. The probabilities for diffusive jumps are derived from a finite element discretization of the Laplace operator. If there exist obtuse dihedral angles in the mesh, jump coefficients may turn out negative, making a probabilistic interpretation troublesome. These negative coefficients are zeroed out, leading to wrong diffusion rates and an O(1) error in the solution. We have implemented a node-centered edge-based finite volume discretization in the place of the finite volume method, and compared the convergence properties of the two methods. This finite volume method was found to be of accuracy similar to the finite element method. These discretization errors seem to have a limited effect on the solution quality. It is our belief that other sources of error are dominant.