Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vivo translational start site selection on leaderless mRNA transcribed from the Streptomyces fradiae aph gene

The message of the Streptomyces fradiae aph gene lacks a leader sequence and therefore is translated in the absence of a conventional Shine-Dalgarno interaction between mRNA and 30S ribosomal subunits. Insertion mutations generating short leaders of 2 or 4 nucleotides on the 5' end of the aph transcript reduced translational efficiency. A 4-base leader (5'-AUGC-3') placing a potential out-of-frame start codon immediately upstream of the aph coding sequence prevented detectable translation in the aph reading frame. The upstream AUG in this mutant was able to drive the expression of a reporter gene in a translational fusion vector, implying that this start codon was utilized in favor of the downstream AUG. Additional leaders (5'-AUAUGC-3' or 5'-CAUAUGC-3') placing 2 or 3 nucleotides 5' to the upstream AUG relieved this apparent discrimination, permitting translation of the APH protein from the downstream AUG. These results suggest that the position of a start codon with respect to the 5' terminus of aph mRNA is a determinant of translational efficiency and start site selection.
Supportive Parenting Moderates the Effect of Discrimination upon Anger, Hostile View of Relationships, and Violence among African American Boys∗

Studies have shown that exposure to discrimination increases the probability that African American adolescents will engage in delinquent behavior, especially acts of violence. The present study extended this research by examining the extent to which supportive parenting buffers a youth from these deleterious consequences of discrimination. Analyses based upon two waves of data from a sample of 332 African American adolescent males and their caretakers supported this hypothesis. Further, the results indicated that there are two avenues whereby supportive parenting reduces the probability that discrimination will lead to violence. First, supportive parenting decreases the chances that discrimination will lead to anger and a hostile view of relationships. Second, supportive parenting lowers the risk that anger or a hostile view of relationships, when they develop, will result in violence.
On the Weakly Nonlinear Ekman Layer: Thickness and Flux

Abstract The first-order effects of nonlinearity on the thickness and frictionally driven flux in the Ekman layer are described for the case of an Ekman layer on a solid, flat plate driven by an overlying geostrophic flow as well as the Ekman layer on a free surface driven by a wind stress in the presence of a deep geostrophic current. In both examples, the fluid is homogeneous. Particular attention is paid to the effect of nonlinearity in determining the thickness of the Ekman layer in both cases. An analytical expression for the Ekman layer thickness as a function of Rossby number is given when the Rossby number is small. The result is obtained by insisting that the perturbation expansion of the Ekman problem in powers of the Rossby number remains uniformly valid. There are two competing physical effects. The relative vorticity of the geostrophic currents tends to reduce the width of the layer, but the vertical velocity induced in the layer can fatten or thin the layer depending on the sign of the verti.
Investigating the relationship between language and picture understanding in children with autism spectrum disorder

Previous studies report that minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder show impaired picture comprehension when matched to typically developing controls on language comprehension. Here, we compare both picture comprehension and picture production abilities in linguistically delayed children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing controls matched on language comprehension and language production. Participants were 20 children with autism spectrum disorder (M age: 11.2 years) and 20 typically developing children (M age: 4.4 years) matched on age equivalents for receptive language (autism spectrum disorder, M: 4.6 years; typically developing, M: 4.5 years) and expressive language (autism spectrum disorder, M: 4.4 years; typically developing, M: 4.5 years). Picture comprehension was assessed by asking children to identify the three-dimensional referents of line drawings. Picture production was assessed by asking children to create representational drawings of unfamiliar objects and having raters identify their referents. The results of both picture tasks revealed statistically equivalent performance for typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorder, and identical patterns of performance across trial types. These findings suggest that early deficits in pictorial understanding displayed by minimally verbal individuals may diminish as their expressive language skills develop. Theoretically, our study indicates that development in linguistic and pictorial domains may be inter-related for children with autism spectrum disorder (as is the case for typical development).
Lipoxygenase 6-Dependent Oxylipin Synthesis in Roots Is Required for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Resistance of Arabidopsis 1 [ C ] [ W ]

Jasmonates are oxylipin signals that play important roles in the development of fertile flowers and in defense against pathogens and herbivores in leaves. The aim of this work was to understand the synthesis and function of jasmonates in roots. Grafting experiments with a jasmonate-deficient mutant demonstrated that roots produce jasmonates independently of leaves, despite low expression of biosynthetic enzymes. Levels of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, jasmonic acid, and its isoleucine derivative increased in roots upon osmotic and drought stress. Wounding resulted in a decrease of preformed 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid concomitant with an increase of jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine. 13-Lipoxygenases catalyze the first step of lipid oxidation leading to jasmonate production. Analysis of 13-lipoxygenase-deficient mutant lines showed that only one of the four 13-lipoxygenases, LOX6, is responsible and essential for stress-induced jasmonate accumulation in roots. In addition, LOX6 was required for production of basal 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid in leaves and roots. Loss-of-function mutants of LOX6 were more attractive to a detritivorous crustacean and more sensitive to drought, indicating that LOX6-derived oxylipins are important for the responses to abiotic and biotic factors.
On two-directional orthogonal ray graphs

An orthogonal ray graph is an intersection graph of horizontal and vertical rays (half-lines) in the xy-plane. An orthogonal ray graph is a 2-directional orthogonal ray graph if all the horizontal rays extend in the positive a;-direction and all the vertical rays extend in the positive x-direction. We show several characterizations of 2-directional orthogonal ray graphs. We first show a forbidden submatrix characterization of 2-directional orthogonal ray graphs. A characterization in terms of a vertex ordering follows immediately. Next, we show that 2-directional orthogonal ray graphs are exactly those bipartite graphs whose complements are circular arc graphs. This characterization leads to polynomial-time recognition and isomorphism algorithms for 2-directional orthogonal ray graphs. Our results settle an open question on the recognition of certain forbidden submatrices.
Understanding Ocular Discomfort and Dryness Using the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire

Purpose To utilize the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) to assess the influence of pain sensitivity on perceptions of ocular discomfort and dryness. Methods Subjects completed a battery of questionnaires, including history of ocular and general health, contact lens wear history, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, visual analog scale (VAS) 100-point rating scales to assess severity and frequency of average and end of day (EOD) discomfort and dryness, and the PSQ to assess pain sensitivity level. Masked subjects were then instructed to wear one inverted and one normally oriented soft contact lens contralaterally for 30 minutes to induce an inter-eye difference in comfort and dryness sensations. Subjects rated comfort and dryness in each eye on VAS every 5 minutes during contact lens wear. A slit lamp examination was performed to evaluate ocular surface health and to assess contact lens fit. Results One hundred and fifty-three subjects (111 females, 42 males) completed the study. In separate models, a higher PSQ score was significantly associated with higher OSDI score (p = 0.002), lower average and EOD comfort (p = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively), and greater EOD dryness (p = 0.04). The minimum (0.14) and maximum (7.14) PSQ scores observed in our subject cohort (i.e., from the subjects who were the least and most sensitive to pain, respectively) corresponded to an estimated difference of 11 points on the OSDI, 20 points on the VAS scale for average comfort, 31 points for EOD comfort and 17 points for EOD dryness. In a mixed effects model, a higher PSQ score was significantly associated with a greater inter-eye difference in comfort (p = 0.013) and dryness (p = 0.010) during CL wear. Conclusions Pain sensitivity influences perceptions of ocular discomfort and dryness, and should be taken into account when evaluating subjective assessments of these symptoms.
Effect of dietary organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on chemical, mineral and fatty acid composition of ostrich meat

This study evaluated the effect of dietary organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on chemical, mineral and fatty acid composition of ostrich meat. Forty ostriches were raised in two groups (OSe and IOSe, diets supplemented with an organic form and an inorganic form of selenium, respectively). The form of selenium had no influence on chemical composition of ostrich muscle. Although, there were no significant differences in total content of SFA, MUFA and PUFA, the content of LA and EPA was higher in the muscles of ostriches which were put on a diet supplemented with an organic form of selenium, what resulted in lower n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio in OSe group (9.99) in comparison to IOSe group (11.70). The results of the study indicate that dietary organic selenium supplementation improves the quality of the ostrich meat as related to the health promoting properties (LA, EPA and selenium content) of meat.
The Postantifungal Effect (PAFE) of Itraconazole, in Comparison with Those of Miconazole and Fluconazole, on Candida Species

To study the postantifungal effect (PAFE) of itraconazole (ITCZ) against Candida species, we quantitated it using a newly introduced parameter T/C (T=time required for the drug‐treated culture to reach 5‐fold increase in turbidity; C=time required for the drug‐free control culture to reach 5‐fold increase in turbidity) referred as PAFE index and compared the results with those obtained for two other azole antifungal drugs fluconazole (FLCZ) and miconazole (MCZ). The mean values of PAFE index for ITCZ against three C. albicans strains were 1.28, 1.45, and 1.60 when exposed to the drug for 1 hr at concentrations of 1×MIC, 2×MIC and 4×MIC, respectively. These values are similar to those for MCZ and appreciably higher than those for FLCZ. PAFE index values for ITCZ against each single strain of three non‐albicans Candida species exposed to 2×MIC of the drug for 1 hr were: 1.22 with C. glabrata, 1.63 with C. parapsilosis, and 3.90 with C. tropicalis. Again, comparable values were obtained for MCZ and lower values for FLCZ. The drug concentration for exposure and the duration of exposure only slightly or scarcely affected the PAFE of ITCZ, although the magnitude of the PAFE considerably varied among different strains or species tested. In general, ITCZ, as well as MCZ, produced greater extents of PAFE than those for FLCZ against C. albicans and several non‐albicans Candida species.
Structure elucidation and photochemistry of substituted carboxylic compounds by low temperature matrix-isolation and solid state vibrational spectroscopy

Molecular structures and chemical reactivity (aggregation, phase transitions and photochemistry) of a series of substituted carboxylic acids were studied by low temperature matrix isolation and solid state vibrational spectroscopy, complemented by ab initio molecular orbital calculations. The conformational preferences exhibited by the isolated molecules of the systems under study are analyzed, and the effects of aggregation, temperature change and irradiation are discussed. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Ineffective Cellular Immune Response Associated with T-Cell Apoptosis in Susceptible Mycobacterium bovisBCG-Infected Mice

ABSTRACT It has previously been reported that inhibition of delayed-type hypersensitivity-mediating functions of T cells during mycobacterial infection in mice is haplotype dependent. In the present study, we show that Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection induced, in susceptible C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice but not in resistant C3H/HeJ and DBA/2 mice, an important splenomegaly. An in vitro defect in T-cell proliferation in response to T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation with mitogens or anti-CD3 antibodies was associated with enhanced levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell apoptosis in susceptible but not in resistant mice 2 weeks after infection. Further investigations of C57BL/6 and C3H/HeJ mice revealed that in vivo splenomegaly was associated with destruction of the lymphoid tissue architecture, liver cellular infiltrates, and increased numbers of apoptotic cells in both spleen and liver tissue sections. Infection of C57BL/6 mice but not of C3H/HeJ mice induced massive production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in serum, as well as an increase in Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) expression in T cells. In vitro addition of neutralizing anti-TNF-α antibodies led to a significant reduction in CD3-induced T-cell apoptosis of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of C57BL/6 mice, while the blockade of Fas-FasL interactions reduced apoptosis only in CD4+ but not in CD8+ T cells. Together, these results suggest that TNF-α and Fas-FasL interactions play a role in the activation-induced cell death (AICD) process associated with a defect in T-cell proliferation of the susceptible C57BL/6 mice. T-cell death by apoptosis may represent one of the important components of the ineffective immune response against mycobacterium-induced immunopathology in susceptible hosts.
Gravitational decay of the Z boson

We study the decay process of the Z boson to a photon and a graviton. The most general form of the on-shell amplitude, subject to the constraints due to the conservation of the electromagnetic current and the energy-momentum tensor, is determined. The amplitude is expressed in terms of three form factors, two of which are CP odd while one is CP even. The latter, which is the only nonzero form factor at the one-loop level, is computed in the standard model and the decay rate is determined.
Evidence that the switch from negative to positive feedback at the level of the pituitary gland is an important timing event for the onset of the preovulatory surge in LH in the ewe.

Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that there is a negative feedback 'clamp' of ovarian hormones on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle that limits the secretion of GnRH and LH. GnRH secretion was monitored by sampling the hypophysial portal blood of ewes during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle and either 24 h or 48 h after the induction of luteolysis by the injection of cloprostenol, a prostaglandin analogue. There was an increase in GnRH pulse frequency in the transition from the luteal to the follicular phase of the cycle. A reduction in the amplitude of GnRH pulses did not occur until 48 h after cloprostenol, suggestive of negative feedback at the level of the hypothalamus that is more profound in the latter part of the follicular phase. The responsivity of the pituitary gland to GnRH was monitored in ewes during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle and 24 h or 48 h after cloprostenol. Injections of 250 ng or 1000 ng GnRH were given (i.v.) to ewes that had been anaesthetised to suppress endogenous secretion of GnRH and LH. Using the lower dose, the responses 48 h after cloprostenol were not significantly different from those in the luteal phase. With the higher dose of GnRH, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean responsivity was seen 48 h after cloprostenol. There was, however, a marked variation in response, with some ewes showing profound increases in LH secretion in response to GnRH and others showing responses that were similar to those obtained during the luteal phase of the cycle. These data are interpreted to mean that the secretion of LH is 'clamped' during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle and the 'clamp' is only released near the time of the preovulatory LH surge. To test whether or not a rise in GnRH input to the pituitary gland could over-ride the 'clamp' on the pituitary secretion of LH in the late follicular phase of the cycle, sheep were treated 40 h after cloprostenol with either a bolus injection of 500 ng GnRH or four pulses of 125 ng GnRH given at 10-min intervals. These treatments caused small elevations in LH secretion but did not always cause preovulatory LH surges. In some cases, a small rise in LH secretion was induced by GnRH treatments and levels of LH in plasma returned to baseline with the preovulatory LH surge occurring a few hours later. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
ETIOLOGY AND SEVERITY OF DIFFERENT GRADES OF GINGIVAL RECESSION IN ADULT POPULATION

Background: Gingival recession is the most common and undesirable condition of the gingiva and its prevalence increases with age. Materials and methods: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted on the patients of gingival recession who visited dental OPD. The pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was utilized which included questions regarding oral hygiene habits (i.e. frequency of brushing, method of brushing, type of toothbrush used, age of toothbrush). Periodontal evaluation included Gingival score, Plaque score, Gingival recession, Clinical attachment loss and mea-surement of width of attached gingival. Results: Of 244 subjects 112 (45.9%) had Millers class I recession, 64 (26.2%) class II recession, 38 (15.6%) class III recession, 30 (12.3%) class IV recession. Statistical analysis revealed that the correlation between both toothbrush type and brushing method with gingival recession was significantly associated (p < 0.05). The correlation association between age, dental plaque, gingival inflammation, clinical attachment loss, width of attached gingiva and gingival recession was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The most frequent affected teeth with gingival recession were the 1st and 2nd molars of maxilla followed by mandibular incisors. Horizontal brushing method, usage of medium type toothbrush and tooth brushing once daily were found to be more associated with gingival recession.
IRAS Is an Anti‐Apoptotic Protein

Abstract: Active cell death, also known as apoptosis, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diseases such as cancer, heart failure and neurodegenerative disorders. We report the anti‐apoptotic function of IRAS, which was previously shown to bind imidazoline ligands. The amino acid sequence of human IRAS (hIRAS) is unrelated to known proteins, except for rat IRAS and a mouse homologue named nischarin, which binds the alpha5 integrin subunit of the fibronectin receptor. When stably transfected into PC12 cells, hIRAS localizes to the cytosol as a 167 kDa immunoreactive protein. Clonal PC12 cell lines expressing hIRAS displayed normal serum growth responses. However, hIRAS expression led to prolonged cell survival against known apoptotic stimuli: serum starvation or thapsigargin or staurosporine treatments. The apoptotic population of hIRAS‐expressing cells was significantly reduced, and this protection was achieved by a decrease in caspase‐3 activity, phosphatidylserine translocation, and nuclear fragmentation. Similar protective effect was obtained in COS7 cells transiently transfected with hIRAS. A partial activation of the PI3 kinase pathway is possibly implicated in the anti‐apoptotic effect of IRAS. Thus, IRAS appears to represent a previously unknown anti‐apoptotic protein involved in the regulation of cell survival.
A Review of the Tripartite Structure of Subjective Well-Being: Implications for Conceptualization, Operationalization, Analysis, and Synthesis

Subjective well-being (SWB) comprises a global evaluation of life satisfaction and positive and negative affective reactions to one’s life. Despite the apparent simplicity of this tripartite model, the structure of SWB remains in question. In the present review, the authors identify five prominent structural conceptualizations in which SWB is cast variously as three separate components, a hierarchical construct, a causal system, a composite, and as configurations of components. Supporting evidence for each of these models is reviewed, strengths and weaknesses are evaluated, and commonalities and discrepancies among approaches are described. The authors demonstrate how current ambiguities concerning the tripartite structure of SWB have fundamental implications for conceptualization, measurement, analysis, and synthesis. Given these ambiguities, it is premature to propose a definitive structure of SWB. Rather, the authors outline a research agenda comprising both short-term and longer-term steps toward resolving these foundational, yet largely unaddressed, issues concerning SWB.
Face Recognition using SIFT, SURF and PCA for Invariant Faces

— This paper consists of review methods used for face recognition-SIFT, SURF, PCA, PCA-SIFT, etc. for recognition and matching. SIFT and SURF is used to extract features to perform reliable matching from the images. PCA eigenfaces are used, they are entered into SIFT. The basic process of face recognition system is described here and improvement is shown in matching the invariant faces in this paper. SIFT and SURF are used to extract the features and then applying PCA to the image for the better performance in terms of rotation, expression and contrast. Performance can be seen on the basis of Recognition rate. Image Processing Toolbox under MATLAB Software is used for the implementation of this proposed work.