Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of mechanical stresses in human limb bones

This research studies the upper and lower limb bones of elderly persons. The measurements of compressive, tensile and bending forces were performed on 147 specimens: 72 in a compression trial, 21 in a tensile trial and 54 in a bending trial. Bones were extracted from 38 cadavers 60--70-years-old at the time of death. Experimental protocols were developed to minimise the possible errors in obtaining the data. All results were statistically processed. There was a significant difference between the results of both the tensile and bending trials and the compression trial p = 0.08. Significant differences were observed between the results of the compression test in proximal versus distal ends of the bones femur, tibia and humerus. After the removal of outlying results, an F-test analysis was performed on all remaining values, establishing different correlation levels between the groups of results. These results were compared with those published by other researchers.
Observations of Cl2 ,B r2 ,a nd I2 in coastal marine air

[1] Cl2, Br2, and I2 were measured in coastal Pacific air from 2 to 29 January 2006. Air was sampled at 10 m over the sea surface near the end of Scripps Pier (La Jolla, California). The measurements were made using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization with tandem mass spectrometry (APCI/MS/MS). Over the course of this study, Cl2, Br2, and I2 levels ranged from below detection limits of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.2 ppt, respectively, to maxima of 26, 19, and 8 ppt, respectively. Mean dihalogen levels for the study period were 2.3 ± 1 ppt for Cl2, 2.3 ± 0.4 ppt for Br2, and 0.7 ± 0.1 ppt for I2 (expressed as geometric mean ±1 geometric standard error). The mixed dihalogens BrCl, ICl, and IBr had geometric mean levels below 0.3 ± 1 ppt and never exceeded their detection limits of 0.5 ppt. Consistent patterns of diurnal variability were observed for Cl2 and I2, with Cl2 maxima during daytime and I2 appearing almost exclusively at night. The detection of I2 appeared to be related to the passage of air over nearby kelp beds. The observed dihalogen levels suggest that (1) chlorine atom oxidation of hydrocarbons makes a significant contribution to the formation of ozone and (2) halogen atom oxidation of airborne mercury contributes to mercury deposition in polluted coastal air.
Flow-Induced Vibration of Cylindrical Structures

Two-dimensional numerical simulations of the cross-flow around circular cylinders in staggered arrangements have been performed. The part of the water-cooling system rod bundle is investigated. One of the cylinders is free to oscillate in the transverse and longitudinal direction, in response to the fluid loads. The moving cylinder is modelled as a simple mass-spring-damper system. Cylinders are rigid objects. The NavierStokes equations and continuity equation are used to describe a fluid. Dynamics of the structure are described by equations of motion. Turbulent incompressible flow with Reynolds number 10 000 is simulated using the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes type Low-Re turbulence model. Fluid-structure interaction is modelled by Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian framework, which combines the fluid flow formulated using an Eulerian description and a spatial frame with solid mechanics formulated using the Lagrangian description and a material frame. Commercial solver is used for analyzed the process simulation. The numerical results of benchmark cases are compared with literature to check the used methodology.
Novel Transforming Methacrylate Dressing Use in Asian Pediatric Patients: Our Initial Experience

Altrazeal®, or transforming methacrylate dressing (TMD), is a unique nanoparticulate dressing consisting of a powder-based dressing that transforms to a flexible dressing on contact with exudate or sterile solution. Unlike conventional dressings, it possesses many unique physicochemical properties which allow it to overcome the common barriers to wound healing. We report the successful use of this TMD in various clinical scenarios and discuss its potential advantages.
Perioperative Risk Assessment and Management of Cirrhotic Patients

Liver cirrhosis is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality in any type of surgical procedure. For these patients, a distinct and tailored patient optimization approach prior to surgery is required in order to best risk mitigate towards avoiding decompensation and related complications, especially with the chronicity of this disease. This review is to enhance understanding of surgical risks in these patients in selecting patients for elective surgery, or managing those following emergency surgery.
Glutathione-S-Transferases in Development, Progression and Therapy of Colorectal Cancer

Tatyana Vlaykova1, Maya Gulubova2, Yovcho Yovchev3, Dimo Dimov4, Denitsa Vlaykova1,6, Petjo Chilingirov5 and Nikolai Zhelev7 1Dept. Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, 2Dept. General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, 3Dept. General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, 4Dept. Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, 5Oncology Center, Stara Zagora, 6Regional Hospital, Burgass, 7University of Abertay Dundee, 1,2,3,4,5,6Bulgaria 7UK
The transient and persistent efficiency of Italian and German universities: a stochastic frontier analysis

ABSTRACT Despite measures on the European level to increase the compatibility between the higher education sectors, the recent literature exposes variations in their efficiencies. To gain insights into these differences, we split the efficiency term according to the two management levels each university is confronted with. We separate short-term and long-term efficiency while controlling for unobserved institution-specific heterogeneity. We argue that the first term reflects the efficiency of the individual universities working within the country, while the second term echoes the influence of the overall country-specific higher education structure. The cross-country comparison displays whether efficiency differences between countries are related to the individual performance of their universities or their higher education structure. This allows more purposeful policy recommendations and expands the literature regarding the efficiency of universities in a fundamental way. Choosing Italy and Germany as two important illustrative examples, we show that the Italian higher education sector exhibits a higher overall efficiency value. With the individual universities working at the upper bound of efficiency in both countries, the remaining inefficiency and the gap between the countries are caused by persistent, structural inefficiency. Future measures should hence aim at the country-specific structure and not solely at the activities of single universities.
International Migration, Livelihood Strategy, and Poverty Cycle

Poverty drove Indonesian poor households (e.g. their family members) to find other livelihoods. One popular choice is becoming an international migrant. This paper describes and analyzes the change in agrarian structure which causes dynamics in agrarian poverty. The study uses qualitative approach and constructivism paradigm. Research results showed that even if migration was dominated by farmer households from lower social class; it also served as livelihood strategy for middle and upper social classes. Improved economics brought dynamics on social reality. The dynamic accesses to agrarian resources consist of (1) horizontal social mobility (means that they stay in their previous social class); (2) vertical social mobility in the form of social climbing; low to middle class, low to upper class, and middle class to upper class; and, (3) vertical social mobility in the form of social sinking: upper class to middle class, upper class to lower class, and middle class to lower class. The dynamic in social classes indicates the presence of agrarian poverty cycle, they are social climbing and sinking.
ON SUPRA-CONVERGENCE OF THE FINITE VOLUME METHOD FOR THE LINEAR ADVECTION PROBLEM

This paper investigates the supra-convergence phenomenon that one can observe in the upwind finite volume method for solving linear convection problem on a bounded domain but also in finite difference scheme with non-uniform grids. Although the scheme is no longer consistent in the finite difference sense and Lax-Richtmyer theorem not suitable, it is a well-known convergent method. In order to analyze the convergence rate, we introduce what we call a geometric corrector, which is associated with every finite volume mesh and every constant convection vector. Under a local quasi- uniformity condition and if the continuous solution is regular enough, there is a link between the convergence of the finite volume scheme and this geometric corrector : the study of this latter leads to the proof of the optimal order of convergence. We then focus our attention on an uniformly refined mesh of quadrangles and on a series of independent meshes of triangles and tetrahedrons. In these latter cases, a loss of accuracy is observed if there exists in the family of meshes a fixed straight line parallel to the convection direction. Resume. Nous nous interessons au phenomene de supra-convergence que l'on observe pour le schema volumes finis appliquel'´equation d'advection lineaire dans un domaine borne mais aussi pour des schemas aux differences finies avec des maillages non uniformes. Bien que le schema ne soit pas consistant au sens des differences finies et donc le theoreme de Lax-Richtmyer non applicable, il est convergent. Pour menerbien l'analyse, nous introduisons un correcteur geometrique ne dependant que du maillage et du vecteur de convection. L'analyse de la convergence se ramene alorsl'analyse de ce correcteur si la solution est suffisamment reguliere. Nousproposons l'´etude numerique d'un maillage de quadrangles uniformement raffines ainsi qu'une serie de maillages de triangles et de tetraedres independants les uns des autres. Dans ce dernier cas, on observe une perte dans le taux de convergence s'il persiste dans le maillage une droite fixe parallelela convection.
Non-Financial Stakeholder Relationship Costs as a Determinant of Capital Structure: Empirical Evidence from First-Time Business Start-Ups

Titman (1984) is the first to argue that non-financial stakeholders (customers, suppliers and employees) pass on their expected liquidation costs to the firm. In his framework, firms can influence the probability of liquidation by choosing an appropriate capital structure. Other studies have reasoned that the bargaining power of non-financial stakeholders (NFS) may also impact on financing decisions. This paper investigates these ideas in a sample of first-time business startups, where ex-ante failure risk is high and NFS have to make relationship-specific investments. We find that the size of NFS liquidation costs significantly reduces leverage and the proportion of bank loans. These effects are strengthened when customers have strong bargaining power. Finally, start-ups reduce their reliance on bank loans when suppliers and employees are in a powerful bargaining position.
Preliminary study of masonry - RC hybrid structure behavior under earthquake loading

Low-rise confined masonry structures are widely used in earthquake-risked rural areas. Most of these structures fail in shear pattern under lateral earthquake loading. In this study, as an improvement for earthquake resistance and post-quake restoration, a masonry – reinforced concrete (RC) hybrid structure, whose working mechanism is different from that of its predecessor, is proposed. The “tie beams” and ‘tie columns”, which function only as confinement in a conventional confined masonry wall structure, now also resist most of the gravity loading, while the wall panels take the rest of it. On the other hand, wall panels in the proposed hybrid structure will absorb most of the energy induced by lateral earthquake loading by the formation of a plastic hinge region in the panel center so that severe damages can be controlled within the wall panel region. To investigate shear behaviors of masonry walls, diagonal compression tests were performed and finite element simulation was utilized to verify the work mechanism of this hybrid structure.
The Role of 18 F-FDG-PET and PET / CT in Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases Undergoing Selective Internal Radiation Therapy with Yttrium-90 : A First Evidence-Based Review

1 Department of Bioimaging and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, via Ospedale 12, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland 3 School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
Verbal Interaction in Chemistry Secondary School Classrooms

Chemistry should be taught using inquiry approach to enhance understanding of concept of phenomena investigated. The way teacher implement inquiry teaching in chemistry classroom is vital as it affects the teaching and learning process. This study was carried out to investigate verbal interaction of chemistry teachers who applied inquiry approach in their chemistry lessons. Twenty three chemistry teachers and their pupils were involved in this study. Data collection method was mainly based on observation using Observation Instrument in Inquiry Teaching through Verbal Interaction (OIITVI), which was developed and modified based on previous existing classroom observation instruments. Even though the teachers claimed that they practiced inquiry, findings from this study showed that teachers are still dominating interaction in chemistry classroom. This research also revealed that percentage of teacher’s question is lower compared to teacher’s statement. Besides that, mean percentage of pupils’ questions has increased as observed in this research compared to previous researches. Nevertheless, teachers’ questions and pupils’ questions were found to be of low order thinking questions. Silence or confusion category contributes 37.0% of verbal interaction occurred in chemistry classrooms. Implication of this study showed that teachers should move towards creating inquiry-based classroom with focusing on quality pupil talk.
The Role of Melatonin in Cancer Development

Melatonin is a hormone that is secreted by the pineal gland in the brain. Its secretion during periods of darkness represents a 24-hour rhythm controlled by the circadian clock and is pivotal in the regulation of sleep and wake cycles. Although circadian rhythms are endogenous processes, they can be affected by environmental factors such as light and temperature. In addition to its role in circadian rhythms, melatonin has also been observed to function in the immune system, female menstrual cycles, seasonal behavior, tumor inhibition, and anti-aging processes. [1] Melatonin production increases during the night and decreases in the daytime with exposure to light. Low levels of normal melatonin have been linked to neoplasia, such as the growth of rat hepatomas and human breast cancer xenografts, circadian phase shifts, sleep disturbances, and immunosuppression. [3,4] Furthermore, sleep disturbance, not factoring in melatonin production, can lead to immune suppression and a shift to the predominance in cancer-stimulatory cytokines. [4] To combat cancer, studies have shown that melatonin significantly suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. [2] There have been no direct links determined between abnormal melatonin production observed in sleep disturbances and cancer, so this review will focus on the experimental evidence depicting the role of melatonin in the prevention of cancer development.
Self Enforced Mechanisms of Corporate Governance: Evidence from Managerial Turnover in Russia

Managerial entrenchment, an undeveloped market for top managerial labor force and the absence of clear market signals could prevent owners from firing management for poor performance. Top managerial turnover could improve firms’ performance by introducing new human capital and providing good incentives for a new manager if the previous CEO has been fired for poor performance. We evaluate the effectiveness of selfenforced corporate governance mechanisms by determining the causes of top management turnover and estimating consequences of management turnover on the subsequent corporate performance. We track all turnovers of CEO’s in the 110 largest Russian companies during a five year period (from 1997 to 2001) and classify each case of turnover according to the new position of the prior CEO and the origin of the new director.
Examining Resources in an Occupational Community: Reputation in Canadian Forensic Accounting

Occupational communities represent boundedcultures populated bypeople with similar work identitiesthat transcend organizational settings. In this paper,I examine the relationship between an occupational community's culture and its ability to controlstrategic resources that advantage its members. Drawingon an empirical examination of the Canadian forensicaccounting, I argue that reputation acts as a strategic resource, not only for individualmembers, but for the community as a whole. Thecommunity's practice standards and membership rules workto heighten the importance of individual practitioners' reputations, which in turn benefits clientcommunities by conferring legitimacy on their claims,and restricts entry into forensic accounting. The roleof reputation in Canadian forensic accounting serves to illuminate the importance of resources that,rather than being held in some proprietary fashion, areshared among actors who are, ostensibly, in competitionwith one another.
Physiological and Antioxidant Enzymes Responses of Two Fig Cultivars under Drought Stress

In order to evaluate the influence of drought stress on two fig cultivars (‘Siah’ and ‘Sabz’), uniform rooted cuttings of both cultivars were potted in 7 L pots filled with soil mixture. The treatments consisted of 4 drought intervals of 4, 8, 12 and 16 days were applied to attain osmotic potentials of -0.6, -1.15, -1.5 and -1.75 bars, respectively. The results showed, in both cultivars, relative water content (RWC), leaf chlorophyll, protein and starch concentrations decreased with increasing the drought stress. In contrast, total soluble solid (TSS) and proline contents, and also the antioxidant enzyme activities increased. However, ‘Siah’ showed better leaf recovery and higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes and proline content than ‘Sabz’, indicating ‘Siah’ was a more drought tolerant in comparison with ‘Sabz’.
Options pricing with realized volatility

We develop a discrete-time stochastic volatility option pricing model, which exploits the information contained in high-frequency data. The Realized Volatility (RV) is used as a proxy of the unobservable log-returns volatility. We model its dynamics by a simple but effective (pseudo) long memory process, the Heterogeneous Auto-Regressive Gamma with Leverage (HARGL) process. Both the discrete-time specification and the use of the RV allow us to easily estimate the model using observed historical data. Assuming a standard, exponentially affine stochastic discount factor, we obtain a fully analytic change of measure. An extensive empirical analysis of SP and (ii) the specification of our model, which, on the one hand, is able to accurately reproduce the volatility persistence and, on the other hand, provides the necessary smoothing of the noise present in the RV dynamics.
Evaluation of farmers’ OSH hazard in operation nearby mobile telephone radio base stations

In this paper, the authors investigated in the farmers’ EMF exposures when they operate in the vicinity of mobile telephone RBSs in order to assess if in the operating frequency range of a transmitting station used by mobile phone service the limits imposed by the Italian laws are kept into proper consideration. Three mobile telephone RBSs having different geometrical and technical features, placed on rural areas of the Apulia Region have been considered. By means of a series of parallelepipeds constructed using a piece of software specifically designed it is possible to state that effective electric field that each of the three investigated stations produced was such that the exposure levels to which farmers are subjected in the surrounding SRB areas are safely within the Italian law limits.
A NEW DUAL BAND BALANCED-TO-BALANCED POWER DIVIDER

In this paper, a new dual band balanced-to-balanced power divider is proposed. By using the dual frequency 90 - phase shifter based T model, the proposed balanced-to-balanced power divider can be deduced. By using the method in our previous work, the dual band balanced-to-balanced power divider could be designed with 1 : 1 power division. This balanced-to-balanced power divider is implemented on microstrip structure. Comparing the results calculated in analytical method with that simulated by the full-wave electromagnetic simulator, and that measured by the network analyzer, the flnal results show that they have a good mixed mode performance. The pass band 1 is from 2.395GHz to 2.550GHz, and the pass band 2 is from 5.245GHz to 5.30GHz. The maximum isolations for pass band 1 and pass band 2 are 17.8dB and 17.6dB, respectively.
Critical success criteria for public-private partnership projects: international experts’ opinion

ABSTRACTPublic-Private Partnership (PPP) projects success is the ultimate goal of practitioners and government organizations. In this regard, the last decade has seen considerable research into the critical success factors (CSFs) for PPP projects. However, a very important subject which has received very little attention in the normative literature is the success criteria for PPP projects. This paper examines the general perception of purposively sampled international PPP experts on a set of 15 PPP projects success criteria derived from literature. The survey results show that all the success criteria are critical; however seven are very critical. These include: effective risk management; meeting output specifications; reliable and quality service operations; adherence to time; satisfying the need for public facility/service; long-term relationship and partnership; and profitability. The findings of this study are impactful because they inform practitioners on the key measures to consider when evaluating .