Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPATIALLY RESOLVED EASTWARD WINDS AND ROTATION OF HD 189733b

We measure wind velocities on opposite sides of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b by modeling sodium absorption in high-resolution transmission spectra from the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher. Our model implicitly accounts for the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, which we show can explain the high wind velocities suggested by previous studies. Our results reveal a strong eastward motion of the atmosphere of HD 189733b, with a redshift of 2.3 − 1.5 + 1.3 ? > km s−1 on the leading limb of the planet and a blueshift of 5.3 − 1.4 + 1.0 ? > km s−1 on the trailing limb. These velocities can be understood as a combination of tidally locked planetary rotation and an eastward equatorial jet, closely matching the predictions of atmospheric circulation models. Our results show that the sodium absorption of HD 189733b is intrinsically velocity broadened, so previous studies of the average transmission spectrum are likely to have overestimated the role of pressure and thermal broadening.
Outcome after Implementation of Sepsis Guideline in the Emergency Department of a University Hospital in Hong Kong

Introduction Internationally, standard care of patients with severe sepsis consists of early detection, early antimicrobial therapy, and aggressive intravenous fluid therapy to maintain tissue oxygenation and perfusion. In this retrospective study, we aimed to examine the management of patients with severe sepsis in a local university hospital emergency department before and after the implementation of a sepsis management guideline. Method We collected data on the management and outcome of patients during a three-month period before the implementation of a sepsis guideline (October-December 2009). We then collected similar data one year after the implementation (October-December 2010). Key sepsis management areas and in-hospital mortality rates were compared, as were length of resuscitation, three-month mortality rate, hospital length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit (ICU) LOS. Results Data from 115 patients were collected in the pre-implementation group, while data on 102 patients were collected for the post-implementation group. There were more patients with hypoperfusion in the post-implementation cohort (25.2% vs. 40.2%, p=0.019). There was no difference in background characteristics, average lactate value, average MAP or number of hypotensive patients between the two groups. Significantly more antibiotics were given after the intervention (13.0% vs. 23.5%, p=0.045) and more patients had a lactate level measured (43.0% vs. 73.5%; p<0.001). There was a trend towards better survival for a subgroup of patients with hypoperfusion (48.0% vs. 29.2%, p=0.060). Conclusions Implementation of a sepsis guideline leads to more antibiotics being given and more lactate measurement in the emergency department. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2015;22:163-171)
Incremental Pre-Head Attachment in Japanese Parsing.

The present study addresses the question of whether structural analyses of verb-arguments are postponed up until the head verb has been processed (head-driven parsing accounts) or initiated prior to the appearance of the verb (pre-head attachment accounts). To explore this question in relation to a head-final language, a Japanese dative argument attachment ambiguity was examined in both a questionnaire study (Experiment 1) and a self-paced reading test (Experiment 2). The data suggested that the dative argument attachment ambiguity is resolved in the manner predicted by pre-head attachment accounts. The results were incompatible with most variants of the head-driven parsing model, and were not of the form currently predicted by constraint-satisfaction models. We end by discussing the general theoretical implications of the findings.
Understanding the Doctrine of Patentable SubjectMatter

The doctrine of patentable subject matter precludes basic inventions such as abstract ideas and laws of nature from patent protection. However, current economic thinking of the patent systemstresses the necessity of rewarding pioneering inventors in the cumulative innovation process. In a two-stage innovation modelwhere the first stage invention (basic invention) has no stand-alone value and the pioneer can also participate in the second stage, I show that patent protection to the basic invention may increase rather than hamper the second stage performance. Rejecting patents on the basic invention can promote technology progress when the pioneer has high capacity, but the follower has low capacity to engage in the second stage innovation.
Measurements of hadron electromagnetic structure at BESIII

Hadron form factors are fundamental observables of QCD and a powerful tool in understanding the electromagnetic structure of hadrons. In this paper, three results using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII collider are presented: (1) the Born cross section of e+e−→ pp̄ at 12 center-of-mass energies from 2232.4 to 3671.0 MeV are measured; the effective electromagnetic form factor is deduced under the assumption |GE | = |GM|; the ratio |GE/GM| and |GM| are extracted by fitting the polar angle distribution. (2) The Born cross section of e+e−→ ΛΛ̄ at 4 center-of-mass energies are measured; the effective electromagnetic form factor is deduced under the assumption |GE | = |GM|. (3) The cross section of e+e− → π+π− in the effective center-of-mass energy region between 600 and 900 MeV is measured by the method of the initial state radiation using a 2.93 fb−1 data set collected at center-of-mass energy of 3773 MeV. The pion form factor |Fπ |2 is extracted and the contribution to (g− 2)μ of the measured cross section to the leading order hadronic vacuum polarization is calculated.
Evidence of cross gene regulation of some virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Streptococcus intermedius

Periodontal disease has been associated with poor dental care, which promotes the accumulation of bacteria and the development of diseases of the mouth. Porphyromonas gingivalis are anaerobic Gramnegative bacteria found in the subgingival plaque. They are largely responsible for chronic periodontal disease. Streptococcus intermedius is a Gram positive coccus found in the supragingival plaque. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the expression of several virulence genes of P. gingivalis in a mixed culture with S. intermedius using qPCR and heterologous microarrays. P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and W83 and S. intermedius ATCC 27335 strains were cultured and total RNA was extracted using the High Pure RNA isolation kit. Oligodeoxynucleotides were designed to make multiple comparisons with organisms. Microarray was performed to identify gene expression. To quantify gene expression, cDNA samples from three different P. gingivalis:S. intermedius ratios were diluted 10-1, 10-2 and 10-3. The microarray experiment indicated that in P. gingivalis , 29 genes were upregulated. The putative function of upregulated genes was the biosynthesis of different metabolic pathways. Heterologous microarrays are a new approach that are useful for investigating gene expression. Keywords: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus intermedius , periodontal disease, virulence genes, cross gene regulation. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(28), pp. 4498-4502
Impact of Managerial Skills on Small Scale Businesses Performance and Growth in Nigeria

The impact of Small Scale Businesses (SSBs) on economic growth and development has attracted global attention of policy makers and academic researchers. In Nigeria, many financing policies were designed and implemented to boast the sector but the results contradicted expectations. Virtually no comparative study ever place Nigeria ahead of any of her co-developing countries. Some experts and researchers in the area thus, are of the view that the hidden factor responsible for this deficient performance maybe lack of managerial skills on the part of their proprietors. This study therefore, was designed to examine the impact of managerial skills on SSBs performance in Bauchi state of Nigeria. Questionnaire technic was used to collect data from 58 SSBs in the state and analyzed using simple linear regression to test the hypothesis on the relationship between the two variables. The study found that managerial skills have significant impact on SSBs performance. The study concluded that inadequate managerial skills are factors militating against SSBs performance and recommended that government, Non Government Organizations and SSB owners’ unions should provide adequate training and development programmes to improve the managerial skills of SSB owners and their management. Keywords: Managerial Skill, SSBs and SSBs’ Performance
The Democracy and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Evidence from CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire

This paper investigates the relation between economic growth and democracy for CA´te dâ€™Ivoire for the period 1960 to 2012. It analyzes both the long-run relation and the direction of causality. To this end, an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model of cointegration and a Granger causality test have been implemented within a vector error correction model (VECM) framework. The results show cointegration in the long run when regime durability is taken into account. Indeed, for economic growth and democracy to move together in the long run, they need to be associated with regime durability. The tests for causality show long run causality running from GDP per capita and regime durability to democracy. In the short run, only the regime durability granger causes democracy. These results suggest that economic growth through strong institutions is a precondition for democratization.
Simultaneous Camouflage of Major and Minor Antigens on Red Blood Cell Surface With Activated mPEGs

Background: Host immune system response against blood group antigens is a major problem in blood transfusions, especially for thalassemic patients. Thus, an approach was proposed coating the red blood cell (RBC) surface by polyethylene glycol. Objectives: This study aimed to obtain the optimal simultaneous camouflge of the major and minor antigens by activated methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) with succinimidyl valerate (SVA) and succinimidyl carbonate (SC), separately. Materials and Methods: The degree of RBC agglutination by antibodies against the major and minor blood groups was used as a surrogate measurement for quantitative assessment of the effctiveness of the surface coating. Also, the RBC morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, to evaluate the host immune system response, the PEGylated RBCs were transferred between two diffrent mouse strains. Results: Statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that the optimal reaction conditions for simultaneous coating of the antigens by mPEG-SVA and mPEG-SC are as mPEG20 in the polymer mixture, 91.2 and 90.0%, and polymer concentration, 17.21 and 19.80 mg.mL-1, respectively. However, according to the SEM results, the maximum polymer concentration of 14.5 mg.mL-1 was suggested as the best condition for mPEG-SVA modifid human RBCs. Conclusions: It is concluded that the membrane PEGylation camouflges the blood group antigens. This effct is observed signifiantly for non-ABO/Rh(D) antigens. Also, it is found that the mPEG-SVA provide better coverage than mPEG-SC. The results of in vivo analysis showed that the immune reactions against PEGylated RBCs were considerably reduced, so that the levels of the relevant biochemical parameters in serum were similar to those of the normal hosts 24 hours after transfusion.
Application of a dynamic inter-sectoral framework to estimate regional employment

Several attempts have been proposed in the literature to relax the restrictive assumptions of a standalone input-output model. Particularly, endogenisation of the household sector, which exhibits the highest constant returns to scale, has been continuously recognised as a key objective of such attempts. This objective increases in importance as we move from national to regional economies. Most of the studies in the literature collapse the intermediate demand information into a solo composite variable. The intermediate demand information serves as a priori data, which represents the inter-sectoral relationships within a regional economy. In this paper, estimation of sectoral employment by embedding a priori information into a host econometric model is discussed. In the first section, an input-output model is presented that allows for detailed and extensive data on inter-sectoral structure of the Illawarra economy. In the second section it is shown that use of a holistic embedded methodology in estimating dynamic and intensive labour changes in such a model relaxes some of the restrictive assumptions of the traditional input-output model and provides higher accuracy.
Localizing the Language Network with fMRI and Functional Connectivity: Implications for Pre-Surgical Planning

Object: Functional MRI is frequently applied to lateralize language in pre-surgical planning, with potential to localize functionally important cortex too. Here we present BOLD signal activation maps and related functional connectivity, in response to three commonly administered fMRI language tasks. Methods: Datasets from 55 pre-surgical fMRI studies were analyzed. Verbal response naming, covert word generation and passive listening tasks were administered in all studies. Single-subject analyses, group analyses and region-of-interest analyses were conducted, and a multi-subject functional connectivity analysis was performed. Results: Single-subject analyses revealed that clinically important language regions were activated in all but three patients using the panel of tasks. Group analyses revealed significant bilateral BOLD signal increases in anterior and posterior language regions in response to verbal response naming and bilateral signal increase in posterior language regions only in response to passive listening. Covert word generation activated anterior language regions bilaterally and posterior language cortex in the dominant hemisphere. Functional connectivity analyses confirmed that activated regions were significantly correlated in all tasks. Conclusion: The findings of single-subject and group analyses add to the evidence supporting the use of a panel of fMRI tasks to map the language network for pre-surgical planning. Our findings support the additional use of functional connectivity analysis in routine language mapping to add to the localization value to fMRI. In addition, the results of our investigation demonstrate these three commonly applied tasks reliably activate unique aspects of the language network, which advocates closer individual inspection, guided by the surgical intervention planned.
'Fitting it in': A study exploring ICT use in a UK primary school

This paper presents a case study of a primary school which was seen as using ICT effectively to support teaching and learning. Research was carried out over two years (2003-2005) and included observation of lessons, document analysis, interviews, and questionnaires with staff at the school. It was found that 'fitting ICT in', rather than 'effective use of ICT', provided a more accurate description of the complex decisions and actions that were made regarding ICT use in the school. Using a grounded theory framework the paper describes the causal conditions; the contextual conditions; the intervening conditions and the consequences for staff and pupils associated with 'fitting ICT in'. The study argues for an approach to research which seeks to develop collaboration and understanding between researchers and practitioners.
Physical properties of simulated galaxy populations at z=2 -- I. Effect of metal-line cooling and feedback from star formation and AGN

We use hydrodynamical simulations from the OverWhelmingly Large Simulations (OWLS) project to investigate the dependence of the physical properties of galaxy populations at redshift 2 on metal-line cooling and feedback from star formation and active galactic nuclei (AGN). We find that if the sub-grid feedback from star formation is implemented kinetically, the feedback is only efficient if the initial wind velocity exceeds a critical value. This critical velocity increases with galaxy mass and also if metal-line cooling is included. This suggests that radiative losses quench the winds if their initial velocity is too low. If the feedback is efficient, then the star formation rate is inversely proportional to the amount of energy injected per unit stellar mass formed (which is proportional to the initial mass loading for a fixed wind velocity). This can be understood if the star formation is self-regulating, i.e. if the star formation rate (and thus the gas fraction) increases until the outflow rate balances the inflow rate. Feedback from AGN is efficient at high masses, while increasing the initial wind velocity with gas pressure or halo mass allows one to generate galaxy-wide outflows at all masses. Matching the observed galaxy mass function requires efficient feedback. In particular, the predicted faint-end slope is too steep unless we resort to highly mass loaded winds for low-mass objects. Such efficient feedback from low-mass galaxies (M* ≪ 1010 M⊙) also reduces the discrepancy with the observed specific star formation rates, which are higher than predicted unless the feedback transitions from highly efficient to inefficient just below M* ∼ 5 × 109 M⊙.
Disclosure and the Cost of Equity Capital: An Analysis at the Market Level

This study examines whether market-wide disclosure reduces the market cost of capital. Using a sample of management forecasts issued between 1994 and 2010, we find that an increase in disclosure at the aggregate level results in a lower market cost of capital. This result is robust to controlling for macroeconomic conditions, market volatility, aggregate news, and other determinants of cost of capital. Overall, our findings are consistent with disclosure increasing overall information precision, resulting in a decrease in the cost of capital at the market level.
Longitudinal Course of Female Eating Disorder Risk at Brigham Young University

Three cohorts of entering freshman women were assessed over the course of four years at Brigham Young University (BYU). The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were administered at the beginning of each fall and winter semester. Results showed (a) steadily decreasing average levels of eating disorder risk and body shape dissatisfaction over time, which was mirrored in each cohort; (b) significantly lower eating disorder risk than other college samples; (c) a typically high percentage of women with clinically significant body shape dissatisfaction; (d) significant correlation between the EAT-26 and the BSQ; and (e) notable subgroups (according to anticipated academic major) of higher-risk students. The findings suggest that, although body shape dissatisfaction was similar to estimated rates on other college campuses and the measure thereof was correlated with eating disorder risk, the overall level of eating disorder risk at BYU was lower than that reported on other college campuses. It is proposed that unique aspects of the BYU campus might mitigate the development of eating disorders.
Exchange-Traded Private Equity and Venture Capital Companies and Macroeconomic Factors in Brazil

ABSTRACT This article indirectly investigates whether private equity and venture capital (PEVC) constitute an asset class different from publicly traded stocks with respect to the influence of macroeconomic risk factors. It uses a portfolio of three Brazilian exchange-traded asset management companies with PEVC funds to represent this asset class in vector autoregression models. The portfolio of PEVC stocks failed to present an attractive historical return and behaved similarly to portfolios of large and small stocks with respect to their risk exposure profile in relation to these factors. This limited sample does not suggest that these PEVC managing companies are a different class of assets, but does not reject the view of regulators and practitioners that PEVC funds are a different asset class.
Predicting Pinus ponderosa Mortality from Dormant Season and Growing Season Fire Injury

Understory prescribed burning was conducted in an immature Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine) stand in southwestern Colorado during three seasons, late spring, midsummer, and autumn. Tree mortality from various levels of crown scorch was compared for the different seasons of injury. A total of 526 trees of different sizes, with crown scorch ranging from 20 to 100%, were monitored annually for 10 years. Over 80% of the 10-year mortality from injury in all three seasons had occurred by year 3, with over 90% occurring by year 4. Mortality of trees scorched in the spring and summer was about 2.5 times greater than that in the autumn for similar crown damage. Most trees larger than 18 cm in diameter survived autumn injury, even with greater than 90% scorching. Following spring and summer injury, trees smaller than 10 cm in diameter died readily with greater than 50% scorching, but about 90% crown scorch was required by large trees to be lethal. A logistic regression model was developed to predict the probability of mortality given tree size, scorch class, and season of injury. Because mortality was similar within scorch classes less than 90%, they were combined into a single class. Scorch thresholds with large increases in mortality occurred at 90% and 100% crown scorch. The season variable includes two groups, dormant (autumn) and growing (spring and summer). Use of this model to predict mortality of immature P. ponderosa is appropriate where stand, fuel, and fire conditions resemble those of this study.
Cooperative R & D and Advertising – The Effectiveness of R & D and Advertising

This paper studies the impact of cooperative R&D and advertising on innovation and welfare in a duopolistic industry. The model incorporates two symmetric firms which produce differentiated products. Firms participate in R&D and advertising activities in the presence of R&D spillovers and advertising spillovers. Advertising spillovers may be positive or negative. Four types of cooperative structures are studied: no cooperation, R&D cooperation, advertising cooperation, R&D and advertising cooperation. R&D spillovers and advertising spillovers always increase innovation and welfare if products are highly differentiated and (or) spillovers are sufficiently high. The comparison of cooperation settings in terms of R&D shows that no cooperation setting uniformly dominates the others. The ranking of cooperation settings rests on the sign and magnitudes of product differentiation, R&D and advertising externalities. Higher product substitutability affects the externalities. Strategic interaction among firms shows that firms always benefit from higher innovation efforts and advertising activities of the rival if spillovers are high enough and (or) product substitutability is low enough. Lastly, the effectiveness of R&D and advertising on market share is examined. The focus of the empirical setting is Network and Internet industry in the U.S. including 150 U.S. manufacturing and nonmanufacturing companies over a 10-year time period. It was shown that R&D has a significant positive effect on companies’ performance. Increasing R&D in advanced technological companies increases market share and revenue, whereas increasing advertising has no significant effect on market share and revenue.