Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Inflasi, Suku Bunga (BI Rate), Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Terhadap ROA (Studi Pada Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) di Indonesia Tahun 2009-2016)

Sharia financing banks serve and be source of capital for small and micro business community. After the crisis in 2008, the profitability of the sharia financing banks has decreased significantly. So the impact on slowing economic growth, rising financing stalled and declining market share of Islamic banking. This study used quantitative research methods. Data collection techniques used were documentation and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. With a total population of all sharia financing banks in Indonesia during the eight-year period from 2009 to 2016. The results of this study prove that (1) Inflation does not affect the ROA with a significance value of 0,382 and F arithmetic amounted to 0,788, (2) The interest rate a significant negative affect on ROA with a significance value of 0,029 and F arithmetic amounted to 5,268, (3) GDP does not affect the ROA with a significance value of 0,062 and F calculate equal to 3,774, (4) Inflation, Interest Rate and GDP simultaneously has of effect on ROA with a significance value of 1,66 and F count equal to 1,835.
Discrete Proportional Hazards Models for Mismeasured Outcomes

Summary. Outcome mismeasurement can lead to biased estimation in several contexts. Magder and Hughes (1997, American Journal of Epidemiology146, 195–203) showed that failure to adjust for imperfect outcome measures in logistic regression analysis can conservatively bias estimation of covariate effects, even when the mismeasurement rate is the same across levels of the covariate. Other authors have addressed the need to account for mismeasurement in survival analysis in selected cases ( Snapinn, 1998 , Biometrics54, 209–218; Gelfand and Wang, 2000 , Statistics in Medicine19, 1865–1879; Balasubramanian and Lagakos , 2001, Biometrics57, 1048–1058, 2003, Biometrika90, 171–182). We provide a general, more widely applicable, adjusted proportional hazards (APH) method for estimation of cumulative survival and hazard ratios in discrete time when the outcome is measured with error. We show that mismeasured failure status in a standard proportional hazards (PH) model can conservatively bias estimation of hazard ratios and that inference, in most practical situations, is more severely affected by poor specificity than by poor sensitivity. However, in simulations over a wide range of conditions, the APH method with correctly specified mismeasurement rates performs very well.
Submissive Lobby Fodder or Assertive Political Actors? Party Loyalty of Career Politicians in the UK House of Commons, 2005–15

Are career politician members of parliament (MPs) more or less likely to vote against the party line than their peers? Despite growing interest in the behavior of career politicians across parliamentary systems, answers to this question are marked by considerable theoretical and empirical uncertainty. I derive the two most common (but opposing) behavioral predictions before testing them over all legislative votes of two UK House of Commons terms (2005–15) using multilevel modeling of new and disaggregated data on MPs' occupational backgrounds. The finding that career politicians are more likely to rebel challenges conventional wisdom and provides an important empirical foundation for the ongoing debate.
Deeply infiltrating disease in surgically treated endometriosis patients

Objective. To examine the incidence of deeply infiltrating endometriotic lesions among surgically treated endometriosis patients, and determine clinical parameters associated with the presence of deep disease. Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. Regional central hospital. Population. Patients undergoing surgical treatment of endometriosis. Methods. Complete excision of all visible endometriotic lesions and adhesions. Main Outcome Measures. The number and location of deep lesions, association between the presence of deep lesions, relevant preoperative and intraoperative factors. Results. Of 201 surgically treated endometriosis patients, 103 (51.2%) had deep lesions, 43.3% had uterosacral ligament deep lesions, 18.4% intestinal, 15.4% rectovaginal, and 3.5% urinary bladder deep lesions. Patients with deep lesions had more often undergone previous operations for endometriosis (p<0.01), had been operated on for pelvic pain (p<0.01) and had a totally obliterated rectovaginal pouch (p<0.01), compared to patients without deep lesions. In multivariate analysis, pelvic pain as an indication for surgery (OR 3.9, 95%CI 1.8–8.9, p<0.01) and totally obliterated rectovaginal pouch (OR 4.0, 95%CI 1.7–9.4, p<0.01) were independent prognostic factors for the presence of deep disease. Conclusions. Deeply infiltrating endometriosis is common in surgically treated endometriosis patients and should be searched for in those with persistent pelvic pain and where obliteration of the rectovaginal pouch is detected at surgery.
Migration to Austria - A study on the cultural differentiation of immigrants and its effects on right-wing voting

Countries in which immigration has risen, experience increasing vote shares for anti-immigration parties. Researchers argue that the occurrence is attributable to the mere presence of immigrants in the municipalities whereas others put focus on the potential labor market effects of immigrants causing more support for anti-immigration parties. In the paper at hand, I investigate the effect of immigration on the vote share of the Austrian Freedom Party (FPO) in the general elections between 2002 and 2017 in Austria. The focus lies on the similarity of the cultural belief and value system between Austria and the immigrants’ origin nations. I hypothesize that the influx of immigrants from culturally similar countries negatively affect the electoral outcome of the FPO while immigration from culturally different countries has a positive effect on it. I found evidence supporting the latter hypothesis, predicting a positive correlation between culturally different immigration and the success of the FPO. Nevertheless, no effects of culturally similar immigration are found. Nevertheless, a post-shock DiD analysis of the refugee crisis beginning in 2015 shows that the FPO vote share is increasing independently of the incoming migrants and the cultural similarity between Austria and the origin country. Therefore, I argue that the suggestive, preexisting correlation between immigration and voting outcome was potentially abolished by the immigration shock in the crisis periods. Finally, results suggest that the pro-immigration parties of Austria are significantly correlated in the reverse direction of the hypotheses regarding the FPO: positively by culturally similar immigration and negatively by culturally different immigration. (Less)
A multidimensional analysis of ethical climate, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors

The high turnover of nurses has become a global problem. Several studies have proposed that nurses’ perceptions of the ethical climate of their organization are related to higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment and thus lead to higher organizational citizenship behaviors. This study uses hierarchical regression to understand which types of ethical climate, facets of job satisfaction, and the three components of organizational commitment influence different dimensions of organizational citizenship behaviors. Questionnaires were distributed to 450 nurses, and 352 usable questionnaires were returned. The findings of the article suggest that hospitals can increase organizational citizenship behaviors by influencing an organization’s ethical climate, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Hospital administrators can foster within organizations, the climate types of caring, law and code and rules climate, satisfaction with coworkers, and affective commitment and normative commitment that increase organizational citizenship behavior, while preventing organizations from developing the type of instrumental climate and continuance commitment that decreases it.
Nonfarm enterprise participation and healthcare expenditure among farm households in rural Ghana

Purpose Rural poverty remains high in many developing countries, Ghana inclusive. This has implications for healthcare affordability and utilization, and thus the attainment of universal health coverage. Nonfarm diversification is seen as a means by which rural farm households can increase incomes and smooth consumption including healthcare. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of nonfarm enterprise participation on healthcare expenditure among farm households in rural Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Using nationally representative household data from the sixth round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 6), the paper employs endogenous switching regression and propensity score matching techniques to account for potential selectivity bias. Findings Results indicate that households that participate in nonfarm enterprises earn higher incomes and expend more on healthcare. Total household income and region of residence are significant determinants of healthcare expenditure among farm households in rural Ghana. In addition, while in nonfarm enterprise nonparticipating households the marital status of the head of household is important, for participating households the head having at least secondary education significantly influences healthcare expenditure. Practical implications Promoting nonfarm activities and hence raising the incomes of households in rural areas of Ghana has the potential of increasing health capital through increased investments in health. It will also positively impact access to and utilization of healthcare and ultimately contribute towards increased farm and non-farm productivity. Originality/value Previous studies have only examined the determinants of nonfarm enterprise participation or its impact on household welfare, poverty, inequality, food security and agricultural investments. While evidence abounds on the positive impact of rural nonfarm enterprise participation on household income, which in turn has implications for household health expenditure, the potential positive link between rural nonfarm enterprise participation and household healthcare expenditure remains unexamined.
ENDOSCOPIC STOMY OF THE SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM: INDICATIONS, TECHNIQUE, AND RESULTS

OBJECTIVEAlthough endoscopic perforation of the septum pellucidum in obstruction of the foramen of Monro is well known, detailed reports on endoscopic septostomy, including surgical technique and results are lacking in the literature. METHODSAll intracranial endoscopic procedures performed between February 1993 and March 2008 were evaluated. All patients with blockage of the foramen of Monro that was treated with endoscopic septostomy were analyzed and prospectively followed. Particular attention was given to indications, approach, surgical technique, complications, and results. RESULTSThirty-two endoscopic septostomies were performed in 30 patients (17 male patients, 13 female patients; mean age, 31 years; age range, 4 months–68 years). Cerebrospinal fluid circulation was obstructed by tumor (16 cases), multiloculated cystic hydrocephalus (8 cases, including 2 revisions), septum pellucidum cysts (3 cases), membranous or inflammatory isolated lateral ventricles (3 cases), and giant aneurysms (2 cases). Simultaneously with septostomy, 13 endoscopic tumor procedures, 9 endoscopic third ventriculostomies, and 9 other endoscopic procedures were performed. The mean surgical time was 80 minutes (range, 45–135 minutes). There were 4 asymptomatic complications (13%), 5 transient complications (16%), and no permanent complications. Postoperatively, 26 patients (87%) improved. Two revisions had to be performed. The mean follow-up period was 16 months (range, 1–93 months). CONCLUSIONOn the basis of the results, long-standing cerebrospinal fluid circulation restoration can be achieved with endoscopic septostomy. Endoscopic septostomy is a safe and reliable endoscopic technique that should be considered more frequently for the restoration of cerebrospinal fluid circulation in the treatment of blockage of the foramen of Monro.
The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and texting while driving behavior in college students

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the role of intent and other theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs in predicting college students' willingness to text while driving (TWD). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. 243 male and female college students enrolled in the 2013–2014 academic year in the College of Health, Human Services & Nursing completed a survey on TWD. Inclusion criteria: All races and ethnicities, ≥18 years of age, cell phone owner, and licensed driver. Results: Over 70% of the sample (n = 243) reported talking on a cell phone and sending and receiving text messages “at least a few times” while driving within the past week. However, only 27% reported being stopped by police. Of these, 22% reported being fined. Within the past 30 days, 26% reported reading or sending TWD and having to slam on the brakes to avoid hitting another car or pedestrian(s) as a result. In all, 47% of the variance in intention to send TWD was accounted for by the full TPB model. Intention, in turn, predicted willingness to TWD. Intention also mediated the relationship between perceived behavioral control and willingness to TWD. Conclusion: Attitude was found to be the strongest predictor of intention. In addition, intention was found to mediate the relationship of willingness to TWD on perceived behavioral control. These findings highlight potential factors that could be targeted in behavioral change interventions seeking to prevent TWD.
VISA Is Required for B Cell Expression of TLR7

B cells play a critical role in the initialization and development of the systemic lupus erythematosus that is dependent on the expression of the endosomal ssRNA receptor TLR7. Previous studies have established that B cell expression of TLR7 is controlled by the type I IFN secreted by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. In this article, we report that VISA, also known as MAVS, IPS-1, and CardIf, essential for RIG-I/MDA5-mediated signaling following sensing of cytosolic RNA, regulate B cell expression of TLR7 and CD23. We found that B cells from a VISA−/− mouse express reduced TLR7 but normal basal levels of type I IFN. We also show that although IFN-β and TLR7 agonists synergize to promote TLR7 expression in VISA−/− B cells, they do not fully complement the defect seen in VISA−/− cells. Cell transfer experiments revealed that the observed effects of VISA−/− are B cell intrinsic. The reduced TLR7 expression in B cells is correlated with impaired TLR7 agonist-induced upregulation of activation markers CD69 and CD86, cell proliferation, production of IFN-α, TNF, and IL-12, and NF-κB activation. Finally, studies indicate that genetic background may influence the observed phenotype of our VISA−/− mice, because VISA−/− B cells differ in CD23 and TLR7 expression when on C57BL/6 versus 129Sv-C57BL/6 background. Thus, our findings suggest an unexpected link between VISA-mediated cytosolic RLR signaling and autoimmunity.
TWIK-2 Channel Deficiency Leads to Pulmonary Hypertension Through a Rho-Kinase–Mediated Process

TWIK-2 (KCNK6) is a member of the 2-pore domain (K2P) family of potassium channels, which are highly expressed in the vascular system. We tested the hypothesis that TWIK-2 deficiency leads to pulmonary hypertension. TWIK-2 knockout mice and their wildtype littermates at 8 weeks of age had similar mean right ventricular systolic pressures (24±3 and 21±3 mm Hg, respectively.) Significantly, by 20 weeks of age, the mean right ventricular systolic pressures in TWIK-2 knockout mice increased to 35±3 mm Hg (P⩽0.036), whereas mean right ventricular systolic pressures in wildtype littermates remained at 22±3 mm Hg. Elevated mean right ventricular systolic pressures in the TWIK-2 knockout mice was accompanied by pulmonary vascular remodeling as determined by a 25% increase in the cross-sectional area of the vessels occupied by the vessel wall. Additionally, secondary branches of the pulmonary artery from 20-week-old TWIK-2 knockout mice showed an enhanced contractile response to U46619 (10–6 moles/L), a thromboxane A2 mimetic, which was completely abolished with the Rho-kinase inhibitor, Y27632 (10–6 and 10–5 moles/L). Treatment of TWIK-2 knockout mice with the Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil, in the drinking water for 12 weeks, abolished the development of pulmonary hypertension and attenuated the vessel remodeling. We concluded that mice deficient in the TWIK-2 channel develop pulmonary hypertension between 8 and 20 weeks of age through a mechanism involving Rho-kinase. Our results suggest that downregulation of TWIK-2 in the pulmonary vasculature may be an underlying mechanism in the development of pulmonary hypertension.
[Impaired cerebral autoregulation in asymptomatic patients with carotid artery stenosis: comparison of acetazolamide-SPECT and transcranial CO(2)-dopplersonography].

PURPOSE The indication for operation in patients with asymptomatic high-grade carotid artery stenosis is still under debate. Since impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation is associated with an increased risk for ischaemic events, assessment of cerebral vascular reactivity might be a valuable selection criterion for surgery. The aim of our study was therefore to evaluate the incidence of impaired autoregulation in asymptomatic patients with acetazolamide-single photon emission computed tomography (ACZ-SPECT) and transcranial CO (2)-dopplersonography (CO (2)-TCD). Furthermore, both methods were compared in regard to results and clinical practicability. METHODS In 42 patients with high-grade (> 70 %) asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, cerebral perfusion and vascular reactivity were assessed with resting and ACZ-enhanced SPECT scans. In 31 of these patients the CO (2) reactivity of cerebral perfusion was determined by TCD and expressed as normalized autoregulation reserve (NAR). RESULTS Cerebral perfusion was decreased in 14.3 %. In ACZ-SPECT 26 % and in CO (2)-TCD 28 % revealed an impaired vascular reactivity. Conformity of both methods was high (kappa = 0.93). TCD was superior in practicability, but only applicable in 81 % due to a missing temporal bone window for insonation. CONCLUSION In accordance ACZ-SPECT and CO (2)-TCD could detect impaired vascular reactivity in a quarter of asymptomatic patients. Both TCD and SPECT could be of value for preoperative selection in this group of patients, whereby sonography is recommended for daily diagnostic work-up.
Pre-Operative Twin Anemia/Polycythemia in the Setting of Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS)

Introduction: Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS) are classified as distinct clinical disorders associated with unbalanced blood flow through placental vascular communications. Typically, TAPS placentas demonstrate few <1 mm arteriovenous (AV) communications, and at fetoscopy the twins are visibly pale and plethoric. Materials and Methods: In a cohort of TTTS patients who underwent laser surgery, those with preoperative findings suggestive of anemia/polycythemia (AP) were compared to those with TTTS alone. AP was defined as middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity in one twin >1.5 multiples of the median (MoM), and <1.0 MoM in the other. Results: Of 369 TTTS patients, 9 (2.4%) met criteria for preoperative AP. The mean number (±SD) of AV communications in the TTTS + AP group was 5.6 ± 5.7, compared with 8.8 ± 4.8 in the TTTS-alone group (p = 0.013). Five TTTS + AP patients (56%) had a few thin AV communications (mean 2.8 ± 1.6); all 5 had visibly pale and plethoric twins. The remaining 4 (44%) had large or numerous anastomoses (mean 10.5 ± 6.8); none had fetal skin color discordance. Discussion: Preoperative AP affected 2% of TTTS patients. Of these, approximately half had placental and skin color findings typically reported with isolated TAPS.
Essays on the economics of health

This thesis presents three empirical studies related to the economics of health interventions. All of them use data from England and are related to preventive care. The first study estimates the potential impact of early diagnosis programmes on medication, subjective health and lifestyle. By taking advantage of the survey design of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a regression discontinuity design based on the blood pressure of the respondents allows for estimates free of selection bias due to screening. There is evidence of a temporal increase in the use of medication as a treatment for the condition, and induced lifestyle changes. The second study proposes a structural dynamic life-cycle model for studying the economic value of the adoption of medical innovations. It allows for both cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness calculations, by considering long-run gains on productivity and on welfare derived from adjusting savings and labour supply throughout life. In particular, the case of a medication that reduces the odds of developing cardiovascular diseases, namely statins, is considered. Using data from ELSA, it is possible to calculate the value of such treatment, and to consider counterfactual policy scenarios. The last study proposes an empirical test for determining whether rewarded tasks are cost complements or substitutes in a pay for performance scheme with kinks on linear task-specific reward functions. The test is based on the insensitivity of effort exerted on a particular task to variations in the price of competing tasks for agents who are bunched near the kink. As a case study, we consider the case of the Quality and Outcomes Framework, which is a pay for performance scheme for family doctors in the UK. We found no evidence of effort-diversion as a result of the changes introduced in 2011.
A wireless sensor network based low cost and energy efficient frame work for precision agriculture

Agriculture happens to be the key source of livelihood for more or less every occupant in developing country including India. Agriculture by and large determines the economic growth of nation and is known to be its backbone. It is due to the population explosion, which resulted in disproportion of demand/ supply ratio for agricultural products. To satisfy ever increasing demand for agricultural products, either the agricultural productivity has to be nearly doubled or the methods used in traditional agriculture have to modified in a way that would cut short the wastage of agricultural resources to nearly half. The proposed framework for precision agriculture employs low cost environmental sensors, an Arduino Uno prototyping board and a pair of wireless transceivers (XBee ZB S2) along with actuating circuit to provide automated irrigation and monitoring of crops. The proposed prototype uses XBee protocol which is based on ZigBee technology and is built over IEEE 802.15. 4 standard. The important characteristics of ZigBee technology favorable for precision agriculture are; low data rate, low power consumption and larger coverage area. Thus, due to aforesaid characteristics, ZigBee technology happens to be the first choice for implementing precision agriculture. The prototype developed not only provides real time monitoring of crops by sensing parameters like temperature, humidity and moisture content of the soil which are essentially required for the healthy growth of the crops but also provides automated irrigation. It also uses the resources only when demanded by the crops and that too in right quantity, thereby reducing the resource wastage.