Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IconHK: Using Toolbar button Icons to Communicate Keyboard Shortcuts

We propose a novel perspective on the design of toolbar buttons that aims to increase keyboard shortcut accessibility. IconHK implements this perspective by blending visual cues that convey keyboard shortcut information into toolbar buttons without denaturing the pictorial representation of their command. We introduce three design strategies to embed the hotkey, a visual encoding to convey the modifiers, and a magnification factor that determines the blending ratio between the pictogram of the button and the visual representation of the keyboard shortcut. Two studies examine the benefits of IconHK for end-users and provide insights from professional designers on the practicality of our approach for creating iconsets. Building on these insights, we develop a tool to assist designers in applying the IconHK design principle.
Evidence that acute hyperinsulinaemia increases the cytokine content in essential organs after an endotoxin challenge in a porcine model

Background: Insulin has anti‐inflammatory effects, as evaluated by its ability to reduce the plasma concentrations of cytokines. However, the inflammatory processing at the organ level is far less well established. The cytokine content in several organs after endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) exposure and the effect of hyperinsulinaemia was examined.
EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION TO ADOPT LEAN BEHAVIOURS: INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL ANTECEDENTS

Little research has explored what determines the employee motivation argued to be essential for successful implementation of Lean manufacturing practices. The paper explores the impact of various individual-level factors (job-related, personality-related and demographic) on reported employee willingness to adopt Lean behaviors. Interview, focus group (n=38) and survey data (n=331) collected from employees in a manufacturing firm initiating Lean change suggests that motivation for Lean is directly influenced by employee attitudes, and their perceived ability and the perceived social pressures to adopt Lean behaviors. Indirect antecedents include self-efficacy, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational level. The findings carry important practical implications. Through carefully designed communication and training programs, it should be possible to manage employee motivation for and receptiveness to Lean. The paper concludes with some discussion on future research avenues.
CONGENITAL NULL MUTATIONS OF THE FOLR1 GENE: A PROGRESSIVE NEUROLOGIC DISEASE AND ITS TREATMENT

Folate-receptor alpha ( FOLR1 ) is of central importance for folate transport across the blood–brain barrier via the choroid plexus. Autoantibodies against folate receptors were identified as the cause of the infantile-onset cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome.1 In addition, FOLR1 is important for neural tube closure during embryogenesis.2,3 Here we report siblings with compound heterozygosity for 2 FOLR1 mutations causing congenital CFD. ### Clinical presentation. A 5-year-old boy developed normally until the age of 30 months. Thereafter, resting and intention tremor evolved, followed by ataxia, progressive speech disturbances and loss of motor capabilities, general hypotonia, apathy, and autism. Myoclonic-astatic seizures occurred at age 3.3 years. EEG showed slowing of the background activity, paroxysmal dysrhythmia with high-amplitude delta waves, and centrotemporal epileptic potentials bilaterally. Cranial MRI indicated delayed cortical myelinization. Blood count, serum, and erythrocyte folate were normal (table e-1 on the Neurology ® Web site at www.neurology.org). CSF analysis revealed 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) below the detection limit. The patient was treated with folinic acid starting with 0.5 mg/kg/day with subsequent dose escalation to 5 mg/kg/day. The treatment led to a normalization of CSF 5MTHF (54 nmol/L) associated with a remarkable clinical improvement including the ability to sit free, to walk with assistance, and to engage in social contacts. Seizure frequency decreased. ### FOLR1 DNA analysis. The clinical signs and symptoms were similar to those of patients with the infantile onset CFD syndrome.1 However, the age at clinical onset and the need for much higher therapeutic doses of folinic acid as compared to patients with infantile-onset CFD prompted us to search for a different underlying cause. Thus, we performed a sequencing …
How Can Brand-Owned Media Be Managed? Exploring the Managerial Success Factors of the New Interrelation Between Brands and Media

Although owned media formats that pursue brand-policy objectives have been receiving considerable attention in industries since the beginning of the millennium, virtually no research results are available about their conceptual background and strategic management. Using total interpretive structural modeling, this study examines two research questions: (1) Which success factors for the evolving brand-owned media concept can be identified? (2) How can these factors be systematized in terms of interrelations and hierarchies? Results indicate that the success of brand-owned media depends on a complex interrelation of eight factors. Content-centric factors such as content quality and the non-advertising character of brand-owned media are most important for creating relevant content and for achieving media success in terms of reach and frequency. In contrast, brand strength is not regarded as a precondition of brand-owned media success but rather as a result.
Are Wages Equal Across Sectors of Production? A Panel Data Analysis for Tradable and Non-Tradable Goods

The assumption that national labor markets are homogenous across tradable and non-tradable goods is common in multisector (open-economy) macro models and crucial for the prominent Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis. This study tests it with a novel method to distinguish the tradable and non-tradable sectors grounded in economic theory, modern empirical methods and a large and detailed macro data set. It finds that both the internal relationship between productivity and wages in the tradable and non-tradable sectors postulated by the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis and its external transmission mechanism are rejected.
Logistics Aspects Of Firms’ Capabilities To Increase International Competitiveness

The elimination of a great number of trade barriers between countries in recent decades as well as some considerable changes in the supply and demand in different parts of the world have brought a tremendous growth in trade relationships between countries and regions and have led to an increase of international competition in nearly all industries. The enlargement of firms’ logistics systems on a continental and global scale and the associated increased complexity of logistics processes have increased the importance of the development of adequate logistics capabilities, not only to ensure access to the new markets and supply sources but also to increase competitiveness through reduction of logistics costs and improvement of customer service. The current paper utilizes this idea of the development of adequate logistics capabilities as the basis for evaluating firms’ perceived competitiveness. In particular, the study examines the logistics aspects of the strengths and weaknesses of Bulgarian manufacturing firms servicing foreign markets, the extent of invested resources in information systems and technologies facilitating integration of material and information flows, as well as planned actions to improve their capabilities in order to increase their competitiveness in foreign markets. The results reveal the existence of linkages between some logistics capabilities and the international competitiveness of companies.
Extracting research communities from bibliographic data

We develop a research community extraction algorithm from large bibliographic data, which was preliminarily reported in Horiike et al. [10] and Nakamura et al. [18]. A research community in bibliographic data is considered to be a set of the linked texts holding a common topic, in other words, it is a dense subgraph embedded in the directed graph. Our method is based on the maximum flow algorithm for finding web communities by Flake et al. [5]. We propose improvements of the algorithm to select community nodes and initial seeds taking account of the restriction that any directed graph is acyclic. We examine the improved algorithm for the list of keywords frequently appearing in the bibliographic data. In addition we propose a simple method to extract characteristic keywords for deciding initial seed nodes. This method is also evaluated by experiments.
Energy efficient monitoring of water distribution networks via compressive sensing

The recent development of low cost wireless sensors enables water monitoring through dense wireless sensor networks (WSN). Sensor nodes are battery powered devices, and hence their limited energy resources have to be optimally managed. The latest advancements in compressive sensing (CS) provide ample promise to increase WSNs lifetime by limiting the amount of measurements that have to be collected. Additional energy savings can be achieved through CS-based scheduling schemes that activate only a limited number of sensors to sense and transmit their measurements, whereas the rest are turned off. The ultimate objective is to maximize network lifetime without sacrificing network connectivity and monitoring performance. This problem can be approximated by an energy balancing approach that consists of multiple simpler subproblems, each of which corresponds to a specific time period. Then, the sensors that should be activated within a given period can be optimally derived through dynamic programming. The complexity of the proposed CS-based scheduling scheme is characterized and numerical evaluation reveals that it achieves comparable monitoring performance by activating only a fraction of the sensors.
Is “No Response” on Diagnostic Auditory Brainstem Response Testing an Indication for Cochlear Implantation in Children?

Objectives: To compare the results of a “no response” (NR) result on auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing with those of behavioral pure-tone audiometry and ultimate clinical tracking to cochlear implantation (CI). Design: Retrospective review of pediatric patients who underwent multifrequency ABR testing in a 5 year span. Total of 1143 pediatric patients underwent ABR testing during the study period and 105 (9.2%) were identified with bilateral NR based on absent responses to both click and tone burst stimuli. For the children with NR, various clinical parameters were evaluated as these children progressed through the CI evaluation process. Children were grouped based on whether they underwent ABRs for diagnostic or for confirmatory purposes. Results: Of the 105 children who met inclusion criteria, 94 had sufficient follow-up to be included in this analysis. Ninety-one (96.8%) of 94 children with bilateral NR ABRs were ultimately recommended for and received a CI. Three (3.2%) children were not recommended for implantation based on the presence of multiple comorbidities rather than auditory factors. None of the children (0%) had enough usable residual hearing to preclude CI. For those who had diagnostic ABRs, the average time at ABR testing was 5.4 months (SD 6.2, range 1–36) and the average time from ABR to CI was 10.78 months (SD 5.0, range 3–38). Conclusions: CI should tentatively be recommended for children with a bilateral NR result with multifrequency ABR, assuming confirmatory results with behavioral audiometric testing. Amplification trials, counseling, and auditory-based intervention therapy should commence but not delay surgical intervention, as it does not appear to change the eventual clinical course. Children not appropriate for this “fast-tracking” to implantation might include those with significant comorbidities, auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, and unreliable or poorly correlated results on behavioral audiometric testing.
Auditor switching and conservatism

SYNOPSIS AND INTRODUCTION: The relation between audit opinions and auditor switching has received considerable attention in recent years. Chow and Rice (1982) report a positive association between a firm's propensity to switch auditors and the receipt of a qualified opinion in the year prior to the switch.1 However, firms that switch auditors do not seem to receive "improved" opinions in the year following the switch (Chow and Rice 1982; Smith 1986). Despite this evidence, the Securities and Exchange Commission (e.g., Release No. 33-6594 [1985] and Financial Reporting Release No. 34 [1989]) and the popular financial press (e.g., Power 1984) continue to express concerns about opinion shopping. This study focuses on the auditor's opinion formulation process for switching and non-switching clients in the year prior to the switch. In particular, it examines the possibility that auditor switches are triggered not by the receipt of qualified opinions, but by auditors' use of conservative judgments for some clients. While conservatism refers to a numberof accounting and auditing issues, the overall conservatism of the auditor is assumed to be reflected in a tendency to issue qualified opinions. An ordered probit model of the qualification decision is estimated with different threshold values for prospective switchers and non-switchers measuring different judgments applied to the two groups of clients. The results support the hypothesis that threshold values for switchers are significantly lower (more conservative) than those for nonswitchers. Further analysis of switching patterns suggests that when qualified opinions are based on conservative standards, the switching rate is higher than when average standards are applied. The observed conservatism could be the auditor's reaction to negative private information gathered during the audit that makes continued association with the
Inhibition of the Trichoderma reesei cellulases by cellobiose is strongly dependent on the nature of the substrate

The inhibition effect of cellobiose on the initial stage of hydrolysis when cellobiohydrolase Cel 7A and endoglucanases Cel 7B, Cel 5A, and Cel 12A from Trichoderma reesei were acting on bacterial cellulose and amorphous cellulose that were [3H]‐ labeled at the reducing end was quantified. The apparent competitive inhibition constant (Ki) for Cel 7A on [3H]‐bacterial cellulose was found to be 1.6 ± 0.5 mM, 100‐fold higher than that for Cel 7A acting on low‐molecular‐weight model substrates. The hydrolysis of [3H]‐amorphous cellulose by endoglucanases was even less affected by cellobiose inhibition with apparent Ki values of 11 ± 3 mM and 34 ± 6 mM for Cel 7B and Cel 5A, respectively. Contrary to the case for the other enzymes studied, the release of radioactive label by Cel 12A was stimulated by cellobiose, possibly due to a more pronounced transglycosylating activity. Theoretical analysis of the inhibition of Cel 7A by cellobiose predicted an inhibition analogous to that of mixed type with two limiting cases, competitive inhibition if the prevalent enzyme‐substrate complex without inhibitor is productive and conventional mixed type when the prevalent enzyme‐substrate complex is nonproductive. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deep Sclerectomy With Collagen Implant in One Eye Compared With Trabeculectomy in the Other Eye of the Same Patient

PurposeTo study the efficacy and safety of deep sclerectomy with collagen implant in one eye versus trabeculectomy in the other eye of the same patient. MethodsThe authors conducted a nonrandomized prospective trial of 20 patients with medically uncontrolled primary and secondary open-angle glaucoma. Patients with bilateral medically uncontrolled glaucoma who had previously undergone trabeculectomy in one eye were selected for the study, and a deep sclerectomy with collagen implant was performed in the second medically uncontrolled glaucomatous eye. Trabeculectomy was studied retrospectively whereas deep sclerectomy with collagen implant was studied prospectively. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and slit-lamp examinations were performed before and after surgery, at 1 and 7 days, and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. Visual fields were repeated every 6 months. ResultsThe mean follow-up period for both groups was 24.3 ± 19.1 months. The mean intraocular pressure at 24 months was 13.9 ± 4.5 mm Hg for deep sclerectomy with collagen implant and 12.9 ± 4.8 mm Hg for trabeculectomy. At 24 months, IOP was reduced by 39.7% in the deep sclerectomy with collagen implant group (13.8 mm Hg vs. 22.9 mm Hg), and by 55.9% in the trabeculectomy group (12.9 mm Hg vs. 29.3 mm Hg). Forty percent of the deep sclerectomy with collagen implant eyes and 45% of the trabeculectomy eyes achieved a pressure of less than 21 mm Hg without treatment (complete success rate). The deep sclerectomy with collagen implant group showed 50% less hyphema and choroidal detachment than the trabeculectomy group. ConclusionsDeep sclerectomy with collagen implant is another surgical treatment option in the management of glaucoma, showing pressure results comparable with trabeculectomy but with a lower rate of early postoperative complications.
Information Asymmetries, Transaction Costs, and the Pricing of Securities

I study a simple market microstructure model in a competitive setting where rational risk neutral investors anticipate becoming liquidity sellers at some future date. That is, being forced to sell with a certain probability. The IPO price must compensate buyers for expected transaction costs due to adverse selection. The insights of the model are as follows. First, investors' distribution of liquidity selling needs affects adverse selection cost and hence the IPO price. Second, the marginal investor receives, in equilibrium, an excess return that covers his expected transaction costs. Third, anticipated dissemination of information to the public, just before secondary market trading takes place, lowers uniformly the adverse selection costs. Fourth, the model helps to explain the observed return differences for growth and value stocks in terms of transaction costs. Fifth, the IPO price depends on the issuer's specific allocation of stocks to investors with different liquidity selling needs.
Toad venom poisoning: resemblance to digoxin toxicity and therapeutic implications

A healthy man developed gastrointestinal symptoms after ingesting purported aphrodisiac pills. He had severe unrelenting bradycardia, hyperkalaemia, and acidosis. He rapidly developed severe life threatening cardiac arrhythmias and died after a few hours. He was found to have positive serum digoxin concentrations, although he was not taking digoxin. Toad venom poisoning is similar to digitalis toxicity and carries a high mortality. Cardiac glycoside poisoning can occur from ingestion of various plants and animal toxins, and the venom gland of cane toad (Bufo marinus) contains large quantities of cardiac glycosides. Toad venom, a constituent of an aphrodisiac, was considered responsible for the development of clinical manifestations and death in this patient. Digoxin specific Fab fragment has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of toad venom poisoning. This report alerts physicians to the need to be aware of a new community toxic exposure, as prompt treatment with digoxin specific Fab fragment may be life saving. The treatment approach to patients with suspected toad venom poisoning is described.
Transmitted drug resistance in French HIV-2-infected patients

We report the first transmitted drug resistance survey study in HIV-2-infected patients living in France. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance was 5.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.1–9.9) with mutations detected only in protease, not in reverse transcriptase. In this series, 10% of patients displayed X4/dual-mixed viruses. These findings classified the rate of transmitted drug resistance in the HIV-2 French Cohort as low prevalence.
Evaluation of the Duke criteria in 93 episodes of prosthetic valve endocarditis: could sensitivity be improved?

BACKGROUND Since publication of the Duke criteria for diagnosing endocarditis, several articles have confirmed their sensitivity when native and prosthetic valves are considered together. OBJECTIVES To compare the differences between the older von Reyn criteria and the Duke criteria in prosthetic valve endocarditis only, and to determine if the latter's sensitivity could be improved by adding 2 minor criteria: new-onset heart failure and presence of conduction disturbances. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 93 episodes of prosthetic valve endocarditis from January 1986 to January 1998 in a teaching hospital, and then analyzed the 76 surgically confirmed episodes to compare the differences between the von Reyn and Duke diagnostic criteria. RESULTS The von Reyn criteria rejected the diagnosis in 16 of the confirmed episodes, compared with 1 diagnosis missed by the Duke criteria and 1 missed using our suggested modifications. Definite diagnosis (Duke) was established in 60 episodes, compared with a diagnosis of probable (von Reyn) in 36 episodes (P<.001). Our modifications improved the sensitivity of the Duke criteria, diagnosing 70 episodes as definite (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS As was the case with native valve endocarditis, the Duke criteria proved to be more sensitive than the von Reyn criteria in prosthetic valve endocarditis. The addition of 2 minor criteria (new-onset heart failure and presence of conduction disturbances) could improve the diagnostic sensitivity of the Duke criteria.
Pseudo-neglect in Huntington's disease correlates with decreased angular gyrus density

Visuospatial attentional bias was examined in Huntington's disease (HD) patients with mild disease, asymptomatic gene-positive patients and controls. No group differences were found on the grey scales task (which is a non-motor task of visuospatial attentional bias), although patients' trinucleotide (CAG) repeat length correlated with increasing leftward bias. On the line bisection task, symptomatic patients made significantly larger leftward bisection errors relative to controls, who showed the normal slight degree of leftward error (pseudo-neglect). The asymptomatic group showed a trend for greater leftward error than controls. A subset of participants went on to have structural MRI, which showed a correlation between increased leftward error on the line bisection task and reduced density in the angular gyrus area (BA39) bilaterally. This finding is consistent with recent literature suggesting a critical role for the angular gyrus in the lateralization of visuospatial attention.
Serum level and gene polymorphism of angiotensin I converting enzyme in Japanese children

The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene in Japanese children. In addition, the relationship between this polymorphism and serum ACE levels in the same population were analyzed. Insertion/deletion polymorphism located in intron 16 of the ACE gene was examined by polymerase chain reaction in Japanese children aged 10–15 years. Allele frequencies were 0.64 for the insertion allele and 0.36 for the deletion allele in 122 subjects. No association was found between genotypes in this polymorphism and the level of systolic or diastolic blood pressure. A significant relationship between this polymorphism and serum ACE activity was observed. These results suggest that interindividual variability of serum ACE level is strongly influenced by the ACE genotype as early as in childhood.