Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identi fi cation of the nutritional resources of larval sea lamprey in two Great Lakes tributaries using stable isotopes

Communicated by Michael Sierszen The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is an important invasive parasitic species in the Laurentian Great Lakes, but the nutritional subsidies supporting the protracted filter feeding ammocoete stage are not well established. We used stable isotope ratios (δC and δN) to determine themajor sources of autochthonous (aquatically produced) and allochthonous (terrestrially produced) organicmatter (OM) to the nutrition of ammocoetes collected in 2010 from the Pigeon and Jordan Rivers in Michigan (USA). Ammocoete δC was positively correlated with animal length and C:N ratio, but δN was not correlated with either, suggesting that ammocoetes are primary consumers. We used a Bayesian model (MixSIR) to estimate the contributions of potential nutritional sources to ammocoetes. Estimates suggest that aquatic sedimentsweremost important to ammocoete nutrition (median contributions ranged from 49–51%). Aquatic plants, including macrophytes and algae, were also important to ammocoete nutrition with a median contribution of 29%. Terrestrial plants were generally of lesser but still significant importance to ammocoetes, with a median contribution of 19–39%. Our findings generally agree with those of previous studies that have found that inputs of detrital and recently livingOM from aquatic primary producers both provide an important source of nutrition for ammocoetes. The present study provides more quantitative estimates of the different forms of OM supporting ammocoete nutrition and biomass. © 2015 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Index words: Sea lamprey Stable isotopes Laurentian Great Lakes MixSIR Autochthonous Allochthonous
Estimated Fetal Weight in the Evaluation of Growth in Twin Gestations: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in order to determine by sonographically estimated fetal weight the patterns of fetal growth in twins. Thirty-five healthy women with normal twin pregnancies were examined every three weeks from the 15th week of gestation to delivery. Among the measurements obtained were the biparietal diameter (BPD), the abdominal circumference, and the calculated fetal weight. From 15–28 weeks, the growth velocity of the BPD and abdominal circumference remained fairly constant, with a steady increase in incremental growth. Beyond this age, we observed a slowing in growth of the BPD, while the abdominal circumference continued at a constant rate. The growth velocity of the weight steadily increased throughout pregnancy. Although greater biologic variability in weight between twin A and B was observed as gestational age progressed, the overall mean weights of twin A and B were not statistically different. We have generated a nomogram of fetal weight gain throughout pregnancy.
An economic evaluation of a publicly funded dental prevention programme in regional and rural Victoria: an extrapolated analysis.

OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term cost-benefit of a community-wide, publicly-funded dental prevention programme. DESIGN A modelled economic analysis which extrapolated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness results of a three-year comprehensive preventive dental programme conducted in a single cohort of adolescents in the non-fluoridated towns of Geelong and Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. Assumptions were made for both benefits and costs. Sensitivity analysis was undertaken to report a range of estimates of potential programme benefits. SETTING All secondary colleges in two non-fluoridated regional centres and their surrounding rural areas. SUBJECTS All Year 7 to 9 students; mean age range of 12.5 to 15.5 years. RESULTS The incremental benefit-to-cost ratios under all assumptions improved with each successive year of the community-wide programme and, even with the most conservative of assumptions, the overall ten-year benefit-to-cost ratio was above unity. CONCLUSION While the analysis has inherent limitations as a result of its reliance on a range of assumptions, the findings do suggest that there are benefits to be gained from the implementation of a comprehensive dental preventive programme throughout the secondary school system in non-fluoridated centres comparable to Geelong and Ballarat.
Voluntary Disclosure of Sales and the Extent of Trade Credit in Small Young Private Companies

We examine the association between voluntary financial disclosure and the amount of obtained trade credit in a sample of small private Belgian companies. We argue that voluntary disclosure can help small private companies in mitigating information asymmetries that arise between the company and their suppliers. Using a propensity score matching procedure to control for selection bias, we find that voluntary financial disclosure by small and private companies is positively related to the level of trade credit. This is in line with the traditional view that asymmetric or incomplete information restricts access to external funds.
Spatially Correlated MIMO Multiple-Access Systems With Macrodiversity: Asymptotic Analysis Via Statistical Physics

This paper studies the asymptotic performance of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiple-access (MA) wireless network where spatial correlations at both the transmitters (i.e., mobile stations) and the central receiver (i.e., base station) exist, and more than one multiantenna sets are employed at the receiver to provide macrodiversity. The sense of asymptotic behavior we consider is the large-system limit in which the numbers of antennas at each mobile station and antenna set go to infinity with their ratios fixed. Using the replica method, we derive analytical solutions to the asymptotic spectral efficiency (SE) of the MIMO-MA systems for any given input distributions (not necessarily Gaussian) from the mobile transmitters. Our results can be regarded as the generalization of many previously known results for degenerate cases. Another contribution of this paper is an efficient algorithm to determine the asymptotic optimum transmit-signal covariance matrices that can maximize the SE of the MIMO-MA network within the period in which the spatial channel covariance information (CCI) can be considered static, and assuming that only CCI is available at the transmitters
The SuperWASP wide-field exoplanetary transit survey: candidates from fields 23 h < RA < 03 h

Photometric transit surveys promise to complement the currently known sample of extra-solar planets (ESPs) by providing additional information on the planets and especially their radii. Here, we present ESP candidates from one such survey called, the Wide Angle Search for Planets (WASP) obtained with the SuperWASP wide-field imaging system. Observations were taken with SuperWASP North located in La Palma during the 2004 April to October observing season. The data cover fields between 23 and 03 h in RA at declinations above +12. This amounts to over approximate to 400 000 stars with V magnitudes 8-13.5. For the stars brighter than 12.5, we achieve better than 1 per cent photometric precision. Here, we present 41 sources with low-amplitude variability between approximate to 1 and 10 mmag, from which we select 12 with periods between 1.2 and 4.4 d as the most promising ESP candidates. We discuss the properties of these ESP candidates, the expected fraction of transits recovered for our sample and implications for the frequency and detection of hot-Jupiters.
LIFESTYLE FACTORS AND OBESITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN RURAL SOUTH INDIA

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of obesity among adolescents of thestudy area and to study the association of physical activity, dietary habits with obesity. Methods: This was a school based cross sectional study conducted among 2963 adolescents in Udupi. They were interviewed using pre-tested questionnaire, followed by body mass index measurement and classification using World Health Organization criteria. Statistical analysis was done using Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Chi-square tests. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 2.4% and obesity 1.4% and they were higher among the adolescents belonging to higher socio-economic status, among those using motorized transport. Furthermore, 93.2% of the subjects consumed readymade food items apart from homemade ones, 28.8% of them had the habit of eating in between the regular meals, and 59.6% of the subjects had the habit of consuming carbonated beverages regularly. Conclusions: Current levels of obesity and lifestyle factors among the adolescents in the study area can significantly predispose them to the risk of non-communicable diseases, which needs to be considered while making policies for non-communicable diseases. Keywords: Adolescents, Obesity, Overweight, Lifestyle, Diet, World Health Organization.
Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies of Adolescence

Summary: The prevalence of idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) has been assessed as being 15–20% of all epilepsies. The seizure types in IGEs are typical absences, myoclonic jerks, and generalized tonic–clonic seizures (TCS), alone or in varying combinations and with variable severity. The seizures tend to be more frequent on awakening and with sleep deprivation. This group of clinical conditions includes among others, age‐related epilepsy syndromes of adolescence such as juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and IGE with generalized TCS or epilepsy with grand mal on awakening (EGMA). The classification of IGEs follows two schools of thought; one maintains that IGEs are a group of different and separate syndromes while the other suggests that IGEs are one biological continuum. Patients with IGEs may have mild impairment of cognitive functions, especially verbal memory and other frontal lobe functions, despite a normal IQ, and some seem to have characteristic personality traits, although further studies are needed to support this theory. They appear to lack a degree of self‐control, to neglect their physical needs, and are poorly compliant with therapy. Some patients become obstinate and are impressionable. The cognitive and behavioral aspects of these patients suggest an involvement of frontal lobes.
Long‐Term Variations in Solar Wind Parameters, Magnetopause Location, and Geomagnetic Activity Over the Last Five Solar Cycles

We use both solar wind observations and empirical magnetopause models to reconstruct time series of the magnetopause standoff distance for nearly five solar cycles. Since the average annual interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz is about zero, and the annual IMF cone angle varies between 54.0° and 61.2°, the magnetopause standoff distance on this timescale depends mostly on the solar wind dynamic pressure. The annual IMF magnitude well correlates with the sunspot number (SSN) with a zero time lag, while the annual solar wind dynamic pressure (Pdyn) correlates reasonably well with the SSN but with 3‐year time lag. At the same time, we find an anticorrelation between Pdyn and SSN in cycles 20–21 and a correlation in cycles 22–24 with 2‐year time lag. Both the annual solar wind density and velocity well correlate with the dynamic pressure, but the correlation coefficient is higher for density than for velocity. The 11‐year solar cycles in the dynamic pressure variations are superimposed by an increasing trend before 1991 and a decreasing trend between 1991 and 2009. The average annual solar wind dynamic pressure decreases by a factor of 3 from 1991 to 2009. Correspondingly, the predicted standoff distance in Lin et al.'s (2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014235) magnetopause model increases from 9.7 RE in 1991 to 11.6 RE in 2009. The annual SSN, IMF magnitude, and magnetospheric geomagnetic activity indices display the same trends as the dynamic pressure. We calculate extreme solar wind parameters and magnetopause standoff distance in each year using daily values and find that both extremely small and large standoff distances during a solar cycle preferably occur at solar maximum rather than at solar minimum.
Corrosive Leadership (or Bullying by Another Name): A Corollary of the Corporatised Academy?

The literature reveals that the incidence of bullying is increasing in corporate workplaces everywhere. While the data is scant, it suggests that bullying in universities is also on the increase. Interviews with Australian academics support this finding. It is argued that the trend has to be understood in light of the pathology of corporatisation, which is designed to make academics do more with less. The focus on productivity parallels the harassment to which workers in the private sector may be subjected in the hope that they will work harder and maximise profits. Avenues of redress are considered which show that dignitary harms remain inchoate as legal harms. While common law and anti-discrimination legislation regimes may occasionally offer a remedy to targeted individuals, it is averred that these avenues are incapable of addressing the causative political factors that induce corrosive leadership.
The Influence of Formulation Ratio and Emulsifying Settings on Tri-Fuel (Diesel–Ethanol–Biodiesel) Emulsion Properties

In this study, an alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines called tri-fuel emulsion was prepared using an ultrasonic emulsifier. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of emulsifying settings and formulation ratio on the physicochemical properties of tri-fuel emulsions. Design of experiment (DOE) with the two-level factorial design was employed to analyze the effect of emulsifying settings such as time, amplitude, and cycle along with the variation ratio of tri-fuel emulsion components as control factors. Numbers of responses identified were important parameters that may contribute to microexplosion phenomenon in CI engine. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out for each response, and the results indicated that density, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, and average droplet size were influenced by specific preparation control factors. Furthermore, interaction among the control factors was found to affect the responses as well. Interaction means the effect of two factors together is different than what would be expected from each factor separately. Besides, the stability of the tri-fuel emulsion was observed for three months. Furthermore, a qualitative approach with a multiobjective lens digital microscope revealed the geometry of freshly made dispersed tri-fuel emulsion droplets. Microscopic examination on tri-fuel emulsion droplets has shown that the dispersed ethanol capsulated within diesel with the help of biodiesel is similar to a water in diesel emulsion and is dissimilar to commercial diesel mixed with fatty acid methyl esters found in the market.
The Association between Executive Pay Structure and the Transparency of Restatement Disclosures

SYNOPSIS: Restatement disclosures have evolved into two basic categories: reissuances (Big “R”) and revisions (little “r”). A reissuance restatement requires an 8-K filing, whereas a revision restatement can be disclosed in less transparent ways. The high-transparency of a reissuance restatement disclosure (8-K) results in a greater likelihood of negative effects on companies, executives, and auditors (e.g., Plumlee and Yohn 2008; Burks 2010). Determining whether an 8-K filing is required involves judgment regarding materiality of the restatement, thus creating ambiguity as to the correct disclosure method. Such judgment also introduces the potential to opportunistically choose the method of disclosure. We study the restatement disclosure choices of companies to examine whether executive pay structure is associated with disclosure transparency. Using a sample of 1,178 restatements from the years 2004 through 2013, our results show that as the equity proportion of executive pay increases, the likelihood o.
Positioning Theory and Strategic Communication: A new approach to public relations research and practice

Part 1: Public Relations and Positioning Theory 1. Positioning in Public Relations 2. Rights, Duties and Power in Positioning 3. A Framework for Intentional Positioning in Public Relations Part 2: The Positioning Triangle and Public Relations 4. Determining the Position in Public Relations: The first vertex of the positioning triangle 5. Enacting the Position in Public Relations: The second vertex of the positioning triangle 6. Supporting the Positioning in Public Relations: Storyline, the third vertex of the positioning triangle Part 3: Applying Positioning Theory to Public Relations Research and Practice 7. Analyzing Positioning Strategies in Public Relations 8. A Detailed Study of a Positioning Strategy: Indonesia, 'good friend' of Australia 9. Utilizing the Framework for Intentional Positioning in Designing Public Relations Strategies: Positioning extreme poverty 10. Future Directions for Positioning Theory in Public Relations
Neurotrophins enhance electric field‐directed growth cone guidance and directed nerve branching

Neurotrophins play major roles in the developing nervous system in controlling neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth, guidance and branching, synapse formation and maturation, and neuronal survival or death. There is increasing evidence that nervous system construction takes place in the presence of dc electric fields, which fluctuate dynamically in space and time during embryonic development. These have their origins in the neural tube itself, as well as in surrounding skin and gut. Early disruption of these endogenous electric fields causes failure of the nervous system to form, or else it forms aberrantly. Nerve growth, guidance, and branching are controlled tightly during pathway construction and in vitro dc electric fields have profound effects on each of these behaviours. We have used cultured neurones to ask whether neurotrophins and dc electric fields might interact in shaping neuronal growth, given their coexistence in vivo. Electric field‐directed nerve growth generally was enhanced by the simultaneous presentation of several neurotrophins to the growth cone. Under certain circumstances, more nerves turned cathodally, they turned faster, further, and in lower field strengths. Intriguingly, other combinations of dc electric field and neurotrophins (low field strength and neurotrophin 3 (NT‐3) switched the direction of growth cone turning. Additionally, cathodally directed nerve growth was faster and directed branching was much more common when electric fields and neurotrophins interacted with neuronal growth cones. Given such profound changes in growth cone behaviour in vitro, neurotrophins and endogenous electric fields are likely to interact in vivo. Dev Den;217:299–308. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nurses: Systematic Review

Background: With the dwindling numbers of nurses predicted to worsen; attrition from this professional occupation must be curtailed. This systematic review scrutinized the incidence and prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) among nurses as a possible attributing factor of attrition from the occupation. In addition, the examination of different intervention strategies adopted to curb the occurrence of work related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses, specifically physical exercise/therapy. Methods: The authors complied with PRIMSA guidelines. The outcome interest was work related musculoskeletal disorders; exposure was professional nurses carrying out their duties. Seven electronic databases were systematically searched for publications meeting the following inclusion criteria; incidence and prevalence of WMSD among nurses ranging from 2003-2013. One hundred and eight articles with direct and indirect relationship to the searches were identified. After eliminating articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, the remaining publications were assessed for quality and were subsequently mined. Forty-eight English published articles were assessed, allowing 27 publications to be used for this review. The 27 articles comprised of three longitudinal, four systematic reviews, two comparative, 14 descriptive biomechanical/ergonomic and four intervention studies. Interpretation: The mean WMSD among these publications were 71.85%. The most vulnerable anatomical sites were the lower back, neck and shoulders. Predisposing risk factors were awkward working position sustained for prolonged periods during patient transfer, strenuous physical demands of the nursing profession, their poor health and fitness conditioning status and obesity. It is interesting to note that there is limited number of publications examining the efficacy of the different intervention strategies employed to curb WMSD among nurses.
A Proposal for Classification of Neurocysticercosis

ABSTRACT: The complicated pathophysiological and immunological changes in the central nervous system of patients with neurocysticercosis produce a variety of signs and symptoms, which complicate the clinical and surgical management of this disease. A complete and objective classification is needed, to improve the medical approach as a whole. We studied 336 patients, in whom we classified neurocysticerosis according to criteria of viability and location of the parasite in the CNS: active form (37.2%) when the cysticercus is alive, transitional form (32.8%) when it is in the degenerative phase, and inactive form (30%) when the parasite is dead. This classification establishes the correlation between the different forms of neurocysticerosis and its clinical manifestations, and can be used for planning therapeutic strategies.
Knowledge of pregnancy danger signs and associated factors among pastoral women in Afar Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract Introduction: Knowledge of pregnancy danger sign is the vital step in receiving appropriate and timely referral to maternal and newborn care units. Therefore, the current analysis assesses knowledge of pregnancy danger signs and associated factors among women who gave birth in the two years preceding the survey among pastoralist communities in Afar Regional State, Northeastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed in Afar National Regional State in February 2016. A multistage cluster sampling was employed to select study women. Data were cleaned, coded and entered into EpiData version 3.02, and were exported to SPSS version 20 statistical package for analysis. Results: Eighty-nine [7.9; 95% CI (6–9%)] of the study women knew at least two key pregnancy danger signs. Women who attended antenatal care visit [AOR: 4.88; 95% CI (2.83, 8.41)], who had more than three family members [AOR: 2.25; 95% CI (1.26, 4.01)] and who attended formal education [AOR: 2.0; 95% CI (1.15, 3.47)] were positively associated with knowledge of key pregnancy danger signs. On the other hand, women who reported pastoralist as their occupation were associated with lower odds of knowledge on key pregnancy danger signs [AOR: 0.60; 95% CI (0.437, 0.831)]. Conclusion: This study showed that nearly 1 women in every 13 had knowledge on key danger signs of pregnancy. Therefore, strengthening pastoralist-based maternal health information system could be important to improve maternal knowledge of pregnancy danger signs in Afar Regional State.