Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional pausing in a region important for plasmid NR1 replication control

The results of in vitro single-round transcription experiments indicated that RNA polymerase pauses during transcription of the leader region that precedes the repA1 gene of IncFII plasmid NR1. Transcription initiated at either of the two transcription promoter sites of the repA1 gene, which encodes the essential replication initiation protein of NR1, was observed to pause in this region. Pausing was specifically enhanced by addition of NusA protein, an Escherichia coli transcription accessory factor. Northern blot RNA-DNA hybridization analysis of repA1 mRNA synthesized in vivo revealed RNA species that had lengths equivalent to those of the in vitro-paused intermediates. The steady-state rate of in vivo repA1 mRNA transcription downstream from the pause sites (measured by quantitative hybridization of pulse-labeled RNA to DNA probes complementary to different segments of repA1 mRNA) was not appreciably affected, which suggests that the pause sites do not promote premature termination of transcription. The pause sites were located between the target sequence within the leader region of the mRNA that interacts with a 91-base countertranscript and the beginning of the repA1 coding sequence. Because the countertranscript is an inhibitor of translation of repA1 mRNA, transcriptional pausing in this region may be an important feature of the regulation of RepA1 synthesis, which is the mechanism by which plasmid NR1 controls its replication.
Towards an understanding of the role of trade fairs as facilitators of consumer creativity

Trade fairs are an integral part of the marketing strategy for many products and services. The aim of this article is to investigate how trade fairs as a means of marketing communication bring about new ideas, desires and wants in consumers and by so doing facilitate everyday consumer creativity. The results imply that trade fairs play an important role in setting the stage for consumer creativity. Based on an empirical study of trade fair visitors carried out using an ethnographic method, the study demonstrates how consumers communicate their visit to a trade fair. The findings indicate that trade fairs have an influence on consumer creativity in the different phases of the process. As an outcome, two metaphors describing the role of trade fairs as facilitators of everyday consumer creativity are proposed. These are trade fairs as a tool and a vantage point. The implications for effective trade fair management and postmodern marketing are explored.
Flow motifs in soccer: What can passing behavior tell us?

Passing is an important and crucial aspect of winning a soccer match. It plays a big role in important decisions made by managers and owners when buying/selling players, picking offensive/defensive strategies and deﬁning a style of play. In this article we show how to support these decisions by analyzing the unique passing behaviors (motifs) of players and teams from the patterns in their passing-possession data. We analyze individual players as well as teams based on the diversity and frequency of their involvement in different motifs. We gather passing and possession data from 4 seasons (2012–15) of 6 big European leagues with 8219 matches, 3532 unique players and 155 unique teams and apply the network motif concept to study the patterns. By introducing an expected goals model we build on the motif concept to measure the effectiveness of styles of play. We also make use of a novel way to represent the motif data (the radar graph) to make comparisons between players and teams across multiple seasons. We show how this analysis can support scouting for players and managers, identifying unique players/teams, ﬁnding relationships between position and style and in ﬁnding a suitable replacement for La Computadora .
Signaling with Convertible Debt in High-Risk Industries

This paper analyzes how convertible debt is used in a high-risk, emerging industry setting. We argue that there is a lifecycle component to the design and market impact of convertible debt securities. Contrary to prior cross-industry research findings, we show that convertible debt in the renewable energy industry tends to have a debt-like structure, and its issue is associated with strongly nega¬tive announce¬ment returns. We further show that convertible issuers face high adverse selection costs, which they attempt to mitigate by sending signals about firm quality. However, these signals tend to fail because the market anticipates this behavior, and perceives convertible issuers as being priced out of the equity markets. Firm and industry characteristics support this view, because financial distress indicators suggest the use of more equity-like financing instruments.
A Study of Mediating Effect of Trust on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty Relationship in Malaysian Rural Tourism

The main purpose of this study is to develop a mediating effect understanding of trust on service customer satisfaction and customer loyalty relationship in Malaysia rural tourism. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) used to analyze the casual relationships among customer satisfaction, customer trust and customer loyalty. The model was developed and later tested by adopting the Partial Least Square (PLS) procedure on data collected from a survey that yielded 295 usable questionnaires. The findings showed that customer satisfaction enhances trust in Malaysia rural tourism. It was also revealed that trust partially mediates the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. In future more research needs to be carried out to explore the role of trust in Malaysia rural tourism industry. It is important to do the study utilizing experimental design by capturing longitudinal data in Malaysia rural tourism industry using robust measures. The findings imply that the relationship between trust and profitability may dwell in trust’s influence on customer loyalty, and that trust plays a crucial function within the Malaysia rural tourism industry. This research is one of the first known attempts to use PLS to test a mediation effect.
Simulating the effect of pay table standard deviation on pulls per losing player at the single-visit level.

Anthony F. Lucas* A. K. Singh Laxmi P. Gewali While holding par constant, changes in the standard deviation of the pay table produced an inverse effect on pulls per losing player (PPLP), across six different virtual slot machines. This result establishes the standard deviation of a game as a crucial determinant of a slot player's experience. Three different single-trip scenarios were examined via computer simulation, with 50,000 players engaging each game. For example, virtual players began with 100 units, terminating play at bankruptcy or 200 units. As players focus on the outcome of single visits, understanding the determinants of PPLP (or time on device) will help management engineer desirable customer experiences at the trip level. In part, this can be achieved by altering the product mix to better match the expectations of the clientele. Given the remarkable bankruptcy rate of the trip simulations, proxies for value such as PPLP serve as crucial evaluation standards in the satisfaction process.
More Isn't Always Better: Exploring the Influence of Familiarity When Using Multiple Celebrity Endorsers

Marketers continually employ celebrity endorsers as a promotional tactic to enhance brand awareness and increase sales. Frequently, companies will use multiple celebrities to endorse the same product, but feature them individually across a series of concurrent advertisements. While this tactic is often used in practice, its effectiveness has not been thoroughly examined within the academic literature. Our research investigates the value of using multiple concurrent endorsers and the moderating role that celebrity familiarity has on attitudes toward the brand and purchase intentions. Results suggest that using multiple endorsers concurrently is not always the best approach.
Segmenting the betting market in England

While there are a number of studies focusing on the motivations for betting, less is known about the extent to which the market is segmented. This study investigates patterns of cross-purchasing using a sample of 7,200 adult respondents from a government survey dataset obtained via the UK Data Archive. In doing so, we apply market research techniques to a social research domain, and demonstrate the usefulness of publicly available government survey data to (social) market researchers. While we find some patterns of cross-purchase that are broadly the same as would be predicted by the duplication of purchase law, we also identify clear partitions in the market, implying the existence of behavioural segments. We identify five distinct behavioural segments, each with its own demographic characteristics. Our results have implications for the managers of betting companies, and for the design of future studies into gambling behaviour that could potentially inform public policy.
What motivates consumers to re-tweet brand content ? The impact of information , emotion , and traceability on pass-along behavior

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Impact of Flexible Working Hours on Work-Life Balance

Nowadays, flexible working hours are becoming important to the workplaces. A lot of organizations offer flexible working hours to employees due to the benefits that flexibility gives to both employee and employer. Greater employee productivity and higher organization profitability are the most common benefits. Also, flexible working hours promote and facilitate work-life balance. Reduced stress and increased employee wellbeing are outcomes of the work-life balance. In this paper, the relationship between flexible working hours and work-life balance is investigated.
Ownership Structure and Dividend Policy: Evidence from Thailand

This study investigates the impact of ownership structure on dividend policies of listed companies in the Shanghai Stock Exchange over the period 2007–2011. The results show that firms with higher ownership by the largest shareholder, ownership concentration, and government ownership are more likely to pay dividends. However, the probability of paying dividends decreases when institutions hold more shares. It is also found that the magnitude of dividend payouts has a positive relationship with the ownership by the largest shareholder, ownership concentration, and government ownership but a negative relationship with the ownership by institutions and foreign investors.
Initial Social Complexity in Southwestern Asia: The Mesopotamian Advantage

The emergence of early Mesopotamian (Sumerian) civilization must be understood within the framework of the unique ecology and geography of the alluvial lowlands of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers during the late 5th and 4th millennia B.C. The former gave Mesopotamian societies important advantages in agricultural productivity and subsistence resource resilience not possessed by contemporary polities on their periphery, while the latter gave them enduring transportational advantages. This material imbalance created opportunities and incentives that made it both possible and probable that early Mesopotamian elites would use trade as one of their earliest and most important tools to legitimize and expand their unequal access to resources and power. Given this, a still hypothetical but testable) model is presented that accounts for the precocious socioeconomic differentiation and urban growth of southern Mesopotamia in the 4th millennium as social multiplier effects inadvertently set in motion by evolving trade patterns. This trade was first largely internal, between individual southern polities exploiting rich but localized ecological niches within the Mesopotamian alluvium during the Late Ubaid and Early Uruk periods. By the Middle and Late Uruk periods, however, inherently asymmetrical external trade between growing southern cities and societies at their periphery in control of coveted resources gained more prominence. In due course, import-substitution processes further amplified the one-sided socio-evolutionary impact on southern societies of these shifting trade patterns. Unequal developmental rates resulting from the operation of these processes over time explain why the earliest complex societies of southwestern Asia appeared in southern Mesopotamia and not elsewhere.
Brain and spinal cord MRI in motor neuron disease.

affected the left hand, then she had some dysarthria. The association of the lateralisation of a migrainous aura with aphasia if her right hand was affected and with dysarthria if her left hand was affected is predictable, if extremely unusual, and has not been previously described. In December 1977 she developed herpes zoster affecting the right sacral 3-5 segments. She continued to produce crops of cutaneous sarcoid. In July 1982 there was deterioration in her mental state due to inappropriate ADH secretion requiring fluid restriction. In March 1984 she developed avascular necrosis of the left shoulder due to steroids and in January 1985 she had a left shoulder prosthesis. In September 1985 she developed a febrile illness with rapid deterioration, she lapsed into coma and died. A necropsy carried out by Dr WL Brander showed that the cause of death was acute pyelonephritis with septicaemia. No evidence of pulmonary sarcoidosis was found. The brain weighed 1272 g. The leptomeninges over the frontal convexity were mildly opaque and thickened. There was a small old contusion in the orbital surface of the right frontal lobe. The old biopsy site in the left hemisphere was marked by a 1-5 cm diameter defect with underlying scarring (fig 1A). The lateral ventricles, including the temporal horns, were enlarged, as was the
Adult periventricular neural stem cells: Outstanding progress and outstanding issues

Twenty years have past since the existence of neural stem cells (NSCs) within the walls of the adult lateral ventricles was discovered. During this period of time, great strides have been made in every facet of our understanding of this adult periventricular NSC population. In this review, some of the fields' major advancements regarding the nature and function of adult periventricular NSCs are examined. We bring attention to issues related to NSC identity, potential, and the role of Notch signaling in regulating quiescence and activation that warrant further investigation. Progress in the understanding of human adult NSCs will aid in the development of tools required to advance therapies not only for brain repair after injury or disease but may also lead to novel therapeutics for brain tumors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 972–989, 2012
Voluntary and mandatory skin in the game: understanding outside directors’ stock holdings

We examine the determinants of equity ownership by outside directors as well as the relationship between ownership and operating performance. Unlike previous studies of equity ownership by directors, we use hand-collected data on firm-level policies requiring director ownership for S&P 500 firms during the years 2003 and 2005. Ownership requirements allow us to shed further light on the determinants of director holdings and to separate voluntary from mandatory holdings of directors. If ownership requirements reflect optimal ownership levels (from the firm's perspective), they provide a useful identification tool in the examination of ownership–performance relationships. Our primary findings are that mandatory holdings are unrelated to future performance; this is consistent with the theory that ownership requirements reflect optimal ownership levels. By contrast, voluntary holdings are positively and significantly related to future performance, suggesting that they perform an incentivizing role for directors.
Physical and psychosocial impact of xerostomia in palliative cancer care: a qualitative interview study.

Xerostomia is often considered to be merely a physical problem. The aim of this study was to explore the global effects of xerostomia, with a specific focus on psychological and social consequences. Semi-structured, tape-recorded interviews were conducted with 16 patients with advanced malignancies and symptomatic xerostomia. A phenomenographic (qualitative) analysis was performed. Four main categories were identified in the study: 1) subjective discomfort, e.g. dryness or burning sensation, 2) loss of function, e.g. articulation or swallowing, (3) increased infection, (oral thrush and ulcerations), 4) psychosocial effects, including shame, increased feelings of being a patient rather than a person and a tendency to avoid social contact, resulting in loneliness. Xerostomia and its associated symptoms have a considerable, negative global impact, resulting in shame, anxiety, disappointments and verbal communication difficulties. There should therefore be more focus on the management of xerostomia, which is often neglected in palliative care.
Recruiting Active Citizens

In an era of growing public distrust with government officials, local governments in western democratic societies around the world are seeking to regain community respect and support by encouraging higher levels of civic participation in decision-making processes. Efforts to encourage citizens to become more active in their communities will be more effective if there is a focus on those individuals who are already contemplating participation. This multimethod study explored motivators and barriers to participation amongst residents of a West Australian local government area, and identified potential strategies to increase participation levels among those already contemplating involvement. The findings suggest that local governments may increase participation by ensuring their citizens are aware of: (a) the major issues affecting the community, (b) the potential impact of these issues on individuals as well as the community in general, and (c) the processes involved in initiating participation. In addition, potential participants need to be assured of the value of their contributions and informed of final outcomes.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain metabolites in galactosemia

Brain edema may occur in infants with galactosemia and has been associated with accumulation of galactitol. Proton magnetic resonance spectra were obtained from 12 patients (four newly diagnosed neonates and eight patients on galactose‐restricted diets, age range 1.7–47 years) and control subjects to measure brain galactitol levels in vivo and correlate them with urinary galactitol excretion. The results demonstrate that a markedly elevated brain galactitol level may be present only in newborn infants with galactosemia who exhibit massive urinary galactitol excretion.
'Dampness' at home and its association with airway, nose, and skin symptoms among 10,851 preschool children in Sweden: a cross-sectional study.

UNLABELLED There is convincing epidemiological evidence that 'dampness' in buildings is associated with respiratory effects. In order to identify health-relevant exposures in buildings with 'dampness', the study 'Dampness in Buildings and Health' (DBH) was initiated. In the first step of the study, cross-sectional data on home characteristics including 'dampness' problems, and symptoms in airway, nose, and skin among 10,851 children (1-6 years), were collected by means of a questionnaire to the parents. The prevalence of wheezing during the last 12 months was 18.9% and doctor-diagnosed asthma 5.4%. Rhinitis during the last 12 months was reported for 11.1% of the children and eczema during the last 12 months 18.7%. Gender, allergic symptoms among parents, and age of the child were associated with symptoms. Water leakage was reported in 17.8% of the buildings, condensation on windows in 14.3%, and detached flooring materials in 8.3%. Visible mould or damp spots were reported in only 1.5% of the buildings. The four 'dampness' indices were associated to higher prevalence of symptoms in both crude and adjusted analysis. Furthermore, it was found that the combination of water leakage in the home and PVC as flooring material in the child's or parent's bedroom was associated to higher prevalence of symptoms among children. However, the interpretation of this finding is unclear. The combination of water leakage and PVC may be a proxy, for example, reconstruction because of water damages. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The study have showed that moisture-related problems in buildings are a risk factor for asthma and allergic symptoms among preschool children. The recommendation to the general public is to remediate damp buildings.
Defining Uncertainty: A Conceptual Basis for Uncertainty Management in Model-Based Decision Support

The aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual basis for the systematic treatment of uncertainty in model-based decision support activities such as policy analysis, integrated assessment and risk assessment. It focuses on the uncertainty perceived from the point of view of those providing information to support policy decisions (i.e., the modellers’ view on uncertainty) – uncertainty regarding the analytical outcomes and conclusions of the decision support exercise. Within the regulatory and management sciences, there is neither commonly shared terminology nor full agreement on a typology of uncertainties. Our aim is to synthesise a wide variety of contributions on uncertainty in model-based decision support in order to provide an interdisciplinary theoretical framework for systematic uncertainty analysis. To that end we adopt a general definition of uncertainty as being any deviation from the unachievable ideal of completely deterministic knowledge of the relevant system. We further propose to discriminate among three dimensions of uncertainty: location, level and nature of uncertainty, and we harmonise existing typologies to further detail the concepts behind these three dimensions of uncertainty.We propose an uncertainty matrix as a heuristic tool to classify and report the various dimensions of uncertainty, thereby providing a conceptual framework for better communication among analysts as well as between them and policymakers and stakeholders. Understanding the various dimensions of uncertainty helps in identifying, articulating, and prioritising critical uncertainties, which is a crucial step to more adequate acknowledgement and treatment of uncertainty in decision support endeavours and more focused research on complex, inherently uncertain, policy issues.