Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fractional integrals on weighted ^{} and ^{} spaces

We characterize the pairs of doubling weights (u,v) on Rn such that IIWIIhj^cH/Hj,;, 0 0, is the fractional integral operator. We also consider the behavior of an associated maximal function. Applications of the results to Sobolev inequalities in weighted Lp spaces are given. 1. Introduction and notation. In this paper we will characterize the pairs of doubling weights (it, v) on Rn such that PafWm 0, is the fractional integral operator. We shall also give applications of these results to Sobolev inequalities in weighted Lp spaces. A weight function u is said to belong to Ds, p > 1, if u(tQ) 1 and every cube Q C Rn, where u(Q) denotes the u-measure of Q and tQ is the cube with the same center as Q but with t times the edgelength. We write Dx, — (j^iDu. Analogously, u G RDV, v > 0, if u(tQ) > ctnuu(Q) for every t > 1 and every cube Q. It is not hard to see that if u G D^, then u G RDV for some v > 0. We write u € RHr, r > 1, if 1 /• \1/r 1 /• rprr / u(x)T dx I (x) dx / 0 and / e S', then we denote as usual F(x, t) = (f * 0t)(x), where t(x) = t~n({>(x/t), and N(f)(x)= sup \F(y,t)\, vfithTa(x) = {(y,t):yeRn,t>0,\x-y\ 0.
Critical success factors of the BOOT procurement system: reflections from the Stadium Australia case study

Recent trends in the provision of infrastructure development indicate that the private sector is playing an increasingly important role in the procurement process. This trend has partly arisen out of a necessity for the development of infrastructure to be undertaken at a rate that maintains and allows growth. This has become a major challenge for many countries where it is evident that these provisions cannot be met by government alone. The emergence of Build‐Own‐Operate‐Transfer (BOOT) schemes as a response to this challenge provides a means for developing the infrastructure of a country without directly impacting upon the government's budgetary constraints. The concepts of BOOT are without doubt extremely complex arrangements, which bring to the construction sector risks not experienced previously. This paper examines perceptions of BOOT schemes in order to develop a framework of critical success factors. The developed framework is then tested against a case study of Stadium Australia, and the outcomes of the comparison are discussed.
Analogy between optically driven injection-locked laser diodes and driven damped linear oscillators

An analytical study of optically driven laser diodes (LDs) has been undertaken to meet the requirement for a theoretical treatment for chaotic drive and synchronization occurring in the injection-locked LDs with strong injection. A small-signal analysis is performed for the sets of rate equations for the injection-locked LDs driven by a sinusoidal optical signal. In particular, as a model of chaotic driving signals from LD dynamics, an optical signal caused by direct modulation to the master LD is assumed, oscillating both in field amplitude and phase as is the case with chaotic driving signals. Consequently, we find conditions that allow reduction in the degrees of freedom of the driven LD. Under these conditions, the driven response is approximated to a simple form which is found to be equivalent to driven damped linear oscillators. The validity of the application of this theory to previous work on the synchronization of chaos and related phenomena occurring in the injection-locked LDs is demonstrated.
Observation of laminar–turbulent transition of a yield stress fluid in Hagen–Poiseuille flow

We investigate experimentally the transition to turbulence of a yield stress shear-thinning fluid in Hagen–Poiseuille flow. By combining direct high-speed imaging of the flow structures with Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV), we provide a systematic description of the different flow regimes from laminar to fully turbulent. Each flow regime is characterized by measurements of the radial velocity, velocity fluctuations and turbulence intensity profiles. In addition we estimate the autocorrelation, the probability distribution and the structure functions in an attempt to further characterize transition. For all cases tested, our results indicate that transition occurs only when the Reynolds stresses of the flow equal or exceed the yield stress of the fluid, i.e. the plug is broken before transition commences. Once in transition and when turbulent, the behaviour of the yield stress fluid is somewhat similar to a (simpler) shear-thinning fluid. Finally, we have observed the shape of slugs during transition and found their leading edges to be highly elongated and located off the central axis of the pipe, for the non-Newtonian fluids examined.
The Hubble Space Telescope Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. XI. The Cepheids in NGC 4414

We report the discovery of Cepheid variable stars in the galaxy NGC 4414, as part of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. Observations were obtained with the HST Wide-Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) for 13 epochs at V (F555W) and 4 at I (F814W). Photometry was performed using two independent programs, DoPHOT and DAOPHOT/ALLFRAME. We find 11 Cepheids with high-quality light curves and well-determined periods of 19-70 days. Nine of these Cepheids are used in fitting the period-luminosity relation. Assuming an LMC distance modulus of 18.50 mag and E(B-V) = 0.10 mag, we derive a reddening-corrected distance modulus for NGC 4414 of 31.41 ± 0.17 (random) ± 0.16 (systematic) mag, corresponding to a distance of 19.1 ± 1.5 (random) ± 1.4 (systematic) Mpc. We derive a mean color excess for NGC 4414 of E(V-I) = 0.02 ± 0.05 mag. NGC 4414 is a calibrator of the Tully-Fisher and Type Ia supernova secondary distance indicators, and we briefly discuss the implications of the new distance for these methods.
Mechanics of cervical remodelling: insights from rodent models of pregnancy

The uterine cervix undergoes a complex remodelling process during pregnancy, characterized by dramatic changes in both extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and mechanical properties. Understanding the cervical remodelling process in a term or preterm birth will aid efforts for the prevention of preterm births (PTBs), which currently affect 14.8 million babies annually worldwide. Animal models of pregnancy, particularly rodents, continue to provide valuable insights into the cervical remodelling process, through the study of changes in ECM structure and mechanical properties at defined gestation time points. Currently, there is a lack of a collective, quantitative framework to relate the complex, nonlinear mechanical behaviour of the rodent cervix to changes in ECM structure. This review aims to fill this gap in knowledge by outlining the current understanding of cervical remodelling during pregnancy in rodent models in the context of solid biomechanics. Here we highlight the collective contribution of multiple mechanical studies which give evidence that cervical softening coincides with known ECM changes throughout pregnancy. Taken together, mechanical tests on tissue from pregnant rodents reveal the cervix’s remarkable ability to soften dramatically during gestation to allow for a compliant tissue that can withstand damage and can dissipate mechanical loads.
Prevalence of anal fistula in the United Kingdom

BACKGROUND Anal fistula is a pathological connection between the anal canal and perianal skin, which most commonly develops from an infected anal crypt. While the majority of anal fistulas are idiopathic, they are also associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) and other inflammatory conditions. The prevalence of anal fistula is estimated to be 1-2 per 10000 patients, but population-based studies on anal fistula epidemiology are limited and outdated. AIM To assess the prevalence of anal fistula and relevant comorbidities, with and without CD in the United Kingdom and Europe. METHODS A retrospective population-representative observational cohort study was performed in The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a United Kingdom primary care database. Mid-year point prevalence of anal fistula was calculated on the first of July for each year between 2014 and 2017. Estimates were calculated for anal fistula overall and by CD status and standardized to the United Kingdom and European population. Prevalence of relevant comorbidities including lymphogranuloma venereum, hidradenitis suppurativa, anal presentation of sexually transmitted diseases, diabetes mellitus, and radiation in the pelvic area was reported. RESULTS The United Kingdom-standardized overall point prevalence of anal fistula was 1.80 (95%CI: 1.65-1.94) per 10000 patients in 2017, while the Europe standardized estimate was 1.83 (95%CI: 1.68-1.98) per 10000 patients. Both these standardized point prevalence estimates ranged from 1.89 to 2.36 between 2014-2016. The United Kingdom-standardized point prevalence of anal fistula without CD was 1.35 (95%CI: 1.23-1.48) per 10000 patients, while the Europe-standardized estimate was 1.39 (95%CI: 1.26-1.52) per 10000 patients. In contrast, the standardized point prevalence estimate of anal fistula with CD was lower for both United Kingdom and Europe (0.44; 95%CI United Kingdom: 0.37-0.52, 95%CI Europe: 0.37-0.51) per 10000 patients in 2017. In 2017, 19% of anal fistula patients without CD and 13% of anal fistula patients with CD had at least one relevant comorbidity. These results show that anal fistulas are infrequent in the general population. 24.5% of prevalent anal fistulas are associated with CD, but other potentially etiological comorbidities are rare. CONCLUSION This real-world evidence study estimated the United Kingdom-standardized prevalence of anal fistula was 1.80 per 10000 patients in 2017. Approximately 25% of cases may be associated with CD, while other comorbidities are rare.
Solving polynomial systems by polyhedral homotopies

In the last two decades, the homotopy continuation method has been developed into a reliable and ecient numerical algorithm for solving all isolated zeros of polynomial systems. During the last few years, a major computational breakthrough has emerged in the area. Based on the Bernshtein theory on root count, the polyhedral homotopy is established to considerably reduce the number of homotopy paths that need to be traced to nd all the isolated roots, making the method much more powerful. This article reports the most recent development of this new method along with future considerations.
Cracking Open the Black Box: What Observations Can Tell Us About Reinforcement Learning Agents

Machine learning (ML) solutions to challenging networking problems, while promising, are hard to interpret; the uncertainty about how they would behave in untested scenarios has hindered adoption. Using a case study of an ML-based video rate adaptation model, we show that carefully applying interpretability tools and systematically exploring the model inputs can identify unwanted or anomalous behaviors of the model; hinting at a potential path towards increasing trust in ML-based solutions.
HyFabric: Minimizing FCT in Optical and Electrical Hybrid Data Center Networks

In this paper, we propose HyFabric, jointing the flow and circuit scheduling to minimize flow completion times (FCT) in optical and electrical hybrid data center networks. Our extensive evaluation results show that HyFabric reduces 93% FCT and 32% energy consumption compared with Solstice[4] and ProjecToR[3]. And it delivers comparable FCT and reduces 5% ~ 14% energy consumptions compared with pFabric[1].
Natural history collections as a basis for sound biodiversity assessments: Plexauridae (Octocorallia, Holaxonia) of the Naturalis CANCAP and Tyro Mauritania II expeditions

Abstract Mapping biodiversity is the marathon of the 21st Century as an answer to the present extinction crisis. A century in which science is also characterised by large scientific datasets collected through new technologies aiming to fill gaps in our knowledge of species distributions. However, most species records rely on observations that are not linked to specimens, which does not allow verification of species hypotheses by other scientists. Natural history museums form a verifiable source of biodiversity records which were made by taxonomists. Nonetheless, these museums seem to be forgotten by biologists in scientific fields other than taxonomy or systematics. Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NBC) in Leiden is care keeper of large collections of marine organisms, which were sampled in the Northeast Atlantic during the CANCAP and Tyro Mauritania II expeditions (1976–1988). Many octocorals were sampled and deposited in the NBC collection, where they became available for study and were partially identified by the senior author (M.G.) in the 1980s. Nonetheless, no checklist or taxonomic revision was published so far with the complete results. In 2016 the first author visited NBC to examine NE Atlantic Plexauridae octocorals. Plexauridae octocoral-vouchered records were listed and mapped to reveal high standard primary biodiversity records unreported so far for the NE Atlantic Ocean. Twenty-four Plexauridae species with ~ six putative new species to science were discovered and eleven new biogeographical records were made from distinct Macaronesian archipelagos. Finally, new depth range records were found for three species at sea basin level and for eight species at a regional scale.
Pano: optimizing 360° video streaming with a better understanding of quality perception

Streaming 360° videos requires more bandwidth than non-360° videos. This is because current solutions assume that users perceive the quality of 360° videos in the same way they perceive the quality of non-360° videos. This means the bandwidth demand must be proportional to the size of the user's field of view. However, we found several quality-determining factors unique to 360° videos, which can help reduce the bandwidth demand. They include the moving speed of a user's viewpoint (center of the user's field of view), the recent change of video luminance, and the difference in depth-of-fields of visual objects around the viewpoint. This paper presents Pano, a 360° video streaming system that leverages the 360° video-specific factors. We make three contributions. (1) We build a new quality model for 360° videos that captures the impact of the 360° video-specific factors. (2) Pano proposes a variable-sized tiling scheme in order to strike a balance between the perceived quality and video encoding efficiency. (3) Pano proposes a new quality-adaptation logic that maximizes 360° video user-perceived quality and is readily deployable. Our evaluation (based on user study and trace analysis) shows that compared with state-of-the-art techniques, Pano can save 41-46% bandwidth without any drop in the perceived quality, or it can raise the perceived quality (user rating) by 25%-142% without using more bandwidth.
Dynamically Optimizing End-to-End Latency for Time-Triggered Networks

In time-triggered (TT) networks, frames for industrial control, so-called TT frames, are statically scheduled to be transmitted at precise sending points. Meanwhile, the remaining frames, so-called BE frames, are forwarded with best-effort (BE) strategies. TT frames meet application-specific end-to-end latency requirements by scheduling the worst cases. Furthermore, the planned sending points tend to prevent them from delivering as soon as possible. However, BE frames are transmitted as soon as possible but not assure bounded latency even lead to loss of frames due to queuing, congestion, etc. In this paper, we propose a BE assisted TT communication protocol (BEST TT protocol) to dynamically optimize end-to-end latency of TT frames by opportunistically taking advantage of BE transmission. Given a TT frame, the BEST TT protocol generates a cloned copy that is transmitted with the BE strategies. Whichever the TT frame or its copy, the first frame arriving at the end device is finally delivered and the other frame is ignored. So, the protocol ensures that the latency of the final delivered frame is not worse than that of the TT frame. We implement the protocol in an industry-strength TT switch and present three test scenarios to demonstrate its optimization compared with the previous state-of-art TT transmission.
Scheduling of Distributed Collaborative Tasks on NDN based MANET

In a challenging scenario of performing distributed collaborative tasks on a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), every MANET node has the ability to provide certain services. Meanwhile, each task can be regarded as a sequential composition of these services. Usually multiple tasks will be issued on MANET, so there is a need to improve the efficiency of task execution. The existing solutions for scheduling of distributed collaborative tasks on MANET are inefficient for they do not consider the dynamic of underlay network, tasks and services. And they rarely consider the situation of calling services sequentially and ignore the aggregation of same service requests. We propose our solution for scheduling of distributed collaborative tasks on NDN (Named Data Networking) based MANET to improve the execution efficiency of distributed tasks on MANET. Our solution adopts NDN as the network layer of MANET. We also consider the dynamic of task scheduling and service composition, and utilize NDN's characteristic of aggregation and reuse. We have implemented our system prototype with some smart cars equipped with Raspberry Pi and we validate our solution through extensive experiments. Evaluation results show our solution is able to improve the efficiency of distributed collaborative tasks on MANET.
HPCC: high precision congestion control

Congestion control (CC) is the key to achieving ultra-low latency, high bandwidth and network stability in high-speed networks. From years of experience operating large-scale and high-speed RDMA networks, we find the existing high-speed CC schemes have inherent limitations for reaching these goals. In this paper, we present HPCC (High Precision Congestion Control), a new high-speed CC mechanism which achieves the three goals simultaneously. HPCC leverages in-network telemetry (INT) to obtain precise link load information and controls traffic precisely. By addressing challenges such as delayed INT information during congestion and overreac-tion to INT information, HPCC can quickly converge to utilize free bandwidth while avoiding congestion, and can maintain near-zero in-network queues for ultra-low latency. HPCC is also fair and easy to deploy in hardware. We implement HPCC with commodity programmable NICs and switches. In our evaluation, compared to DCQCN and TIMELY, HPCC shortens flow completion times by up to 95%, causing little congestion even under large-scale incasts.
Pluginizing QUIC

Application requirements evolve over time and the underlying protocols need to adapt. Most transport protocols evolve by negotiating protocol extensions during the handshake. Experience with TCP shows that this leads to delays of several years or more to widely deploy standardized extensions. In this paper, we revisit the extensibility paradigm of transport protocols. We base our work on QUIC, a new transport protocol that encrypts most of the header and all the payload of packets, which makes it almost immune to middlebox interference. We propose Pluginized QUIC (PQUIC), a framework that enables QUIC clients and servers to dynamically exchange protocol plugins that extend the protocol on a per-connection basis. These plugins can be transparently reviewed by external verifiers and hosts can refuse non-certified plugins. Furthermore, the protocol plugins run inside an environment that monitors their execution and stops malicious plugins. We demonstrate the modularity of our proposal by implementing and evaluating very different plugins ranging from connection monitoring to multipath or Forward Erasure Correction. Our results show that plugins achieve expected behavior with acceptable overhead. We also show that these plugins can be combined to add their functionalities to a PQUIC connection.
Associations between the Prenatal Diet and Neonatal Outcomes—A Secondary Analysis of the Cluster-Randomised GeliS Trial

The prenatal lifestyle, including maternal dietary behaviour, is an important determinant of offspring health. This secondary cohort analysis of the GeliS (“healthy living in pregnancy”) trial investigated associations between antenatal dietary factors and neonatal weight parameters. The cluster-randomised GeliS trial included 2286 pregnant women. Dietary information was collected with food frequency questionnaires before or in the 12th (T0) and after the 29th week of gestation (T1). Consumption of vegetables (41.28 g per portion at T0, p = 0.001; 36.67 g per portion at T1, p = 0.001), fruit (15.25 g per portion at T1, p = 0.010) and dietary quality, measured with a Healthy Eating Index (39.26 g per 10 points at T0, p = 0.004; 42.76 g per 10 points at T1, p = 0.002) were positively associated with birth weight. In contrast, sugar-sweetened beverages (10.90 g per portion at T0, p = 0.003; 8.19 g per portion at T1, p = 0.047), higher sugar consumption at T0 (8.27 g per 10 g, p = 0.032) and early pregnancy alcohol intake (15.32 g per g, p = 0.039) were inversely associated with birth weight. Most other dietary factors were not associated with neonatal weight. Some components reflecting a healthy maternal diet were associated with a modest increase in offspring birth weight, whereas some unhealthy components slightly reduced neonatal weight.
Characterization of Adolescent Pregnancy and Legal Abortion in Situations Involving Incest or Sexual Violence by an Unknown Aggressor

Background and Objectives: In pregnancies resulting from incest, the adolescent maintains close family and emotional relations with the aggressor, different from what occurs when pregnancy results from sexual violence by strangers. Evidence indicates that this type of relationship with the aggressor may interfere in the dynamics of such violence and the adolescent’s access to health services. Materials and Methods: The objective of this research was to describe and correlate aspects associated with pregnancy when resulting from rape of adolescents in situations of incest; rape when perpetrated by an unknown aggressor and an abortion as allowed by law was sought. Method: A cross-sectional, epidemiological study of adolescents treated at the Pérola Byington Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil, bringing an allegation of pregnancy, resulting from sexual violence and a request for abortion as allowed by law. A total of 311 adolescents, being 134 in the “pregnancy from incest group”, and 174 in the group “pregnancies resulting from rape by a stranger” were considered under the study variables; relationships were investigated using the chi-squared test and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: The study included 137 cases (44.1%) of pregnancy resulting from incest, and 174 cases (55.9%) of pregnancy from rape by a stranger. In cases of incest, a declaration of religion (92.0%) was significantly more frequent, and the adolescents were approached in spaces considered safe or private (92.7%); the aggressor taking advantage of the adolescent’s legal condition of vulnerability as a function of age (83.3%). Cases of incest presented a lower median adolescent age and greater gestational development, with gestations being ≥ 13 weeks prevailing. Conclusion: Cases of pregnancy by incest presented indicators suggesting both proximity and relationship with the aggressor, and pregnancy at a very early age, which postponed the adolescent’s procurement of health service, and interfered negatively with abortion assistance as allowed by law.