Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early numeracy profiles of arithmetic disability and arithmetic and reading disability subtypes

The present study investigated the kindergarten and grade 1 numeracy profiles of arithmetic disability (AD) and reading and arithmetic disability (RAD) subtypes. The results showed that children with RAD exhibited a different profile than children with AD in both kindergarten and in grade 1. In kindergarten, children with RAD knew fewer letters and numbers, were more developmentally delayed in their informal skills than AD children and had a memory span deficit. In grade 1, RAD children continued to be characterized by memory span and informal skill deficits. RAD children were also significantly deficient in mathematical problem solving and reading. The kindergarten predictors of grade 1 numeracy achievement were also investigated. The present study found support for the role of informal skills, working memory, spatial tasks and phoneme deletion in grade 1 numeracy achievement. Future research is needed to determine the predictive power of kindergarten skills to later numeracy skills. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract i Table of
Auditor Industry Specialization and Market Valuation of Earnings and Earnings Components: Empirical Evidence from Firms Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange

Since the reliability of financial statements (including earnings and its components) depends on the audit quality to a large extent, understanding how market considers audit quality when valuating earnings and its components is of great importance. Thus, this study investigates the impact of auditor industry specialization, as a criterion for audit quality, on market valuation of earnings and earnings components. The sample of the study includes 155 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange over the 2006 to 2013 period, and the panel data regression method is used to process and test the hypothesis. The results indicate that market valuates earrings and its components (including total accruals, discretionary accruals, and operating cash flow) positively. Meanwhile, the moderating role of auditor industry specialization and audit firm’s size was not verified in this valuation.
Nest Site Selection of Loggerhead and Leatherback Sea Turtles at the Eastern Coast of Inhaca Island, Mozambique

Nest site selection represents an important reproductive strategy for sea turtles as it can strongly affect the development and survival of the offsprings and the reproductive fitness of the adults. In this study we analyzed the nest site selection of loggerhead and leatherback turtles and the factors correlated with that selection at Inhaca Island. The spatial position of the nests was recorded during sea turtles nests monitoring and six nesting seasons were used. Satellite images of Inhaca were used to characterize some of the beach features that might be correlated with nest site selection. Nest distribution analysis revealed that loggerhead turtles tend to spread their nests along the entire beach, but a higher aggregation of nests was evident at the northern most section of the eastern coast. Leatherback turtles tend to nest in a restricted area, with approximately 40% nests at the central sections of the coast. Beach height was the physical variable significantly correlated to loggerhead’s nest density (r = 0.309, N = 125, P < 0.01) while fin grain particles (specifically 0.125 mm grain size particles) (r = 0.399, N = 125, P < 0.01) and organic content (r = 0.218, N = 125, P < 0.05) were the variables significantly correlated to leatherback’s nest density. No other factors investigated affected nest site selection of either species.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY: VOLTAGE MULTIPLIERS FOR RF ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM

Voltage multipliers are widely used for energy harvesting processes to convert the received AC signal to DC signal, also enhanced the low level received signal. In this study, Villard, Dickson and Greinacher type voltage multipliers are analyzed without impedance matching and substrate materials to decide the effective voltage multiplier type depend on the inputs of the harvester. So, load resistance, input power and input frequencies’ effects are analyzed and compared with each other. Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) is used for simulations. HSMS 2852 Schottky diode and capacitors are used for these voltage multipliers. Results show that, determining load resistance is important for evaluating high efficiency, e.g. efficiency differences are reached 33% between 2kΩ and 20 kΩ for Dickson voltage multiplier at 100 MHz input frequency. Furthermore, the best efficiency is obtained by Greinacher voltage multiplier for low input frequencies which is lower than 1 GHz but there are no significant differences are observed for high frequencies. This study shows that load resistance, input frequency and input power are important parameters for voltage multiplier selection and Greinacher voltage multiplier is the best choice to obtain high efficiency for low frequency application of RF harvesting.
Cognitive Functioning, Conduct Disorder and Substance Use as Predictors of Offending in Adults with ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to offending, however it is unclear whether offending is directly related to ADHD or whether the multiple correlates and complicating factors associated with both ADHD and offending, such as substance use and low IQ, explain offending. The current study tests whether the relationship between ADHD and offending holds after controlling for IQ, in addition to other important confounds. One-hundred and eighteen patients with a diagnosis of ADHD were separated into groups of offenders (N = 44) and non-offenders (N = 74). Groups were compared in terms of IQ, neuropsychological measures of response inhibition and attention, ADHD symptoms, conduct disordered behaviour and substance use. Logistic regression demonstrated that IQ, substance use and conduct disordered behaviour predicted offending and that a univariate relationship between response inhibition/ADHD symptoms and offending behaviour did not hold when controlling for IQ. These findings indicate that it is important to measure and control for IQ when considering offending in the context of ADHD.
The Benefits and Beneficiaries of "Public" Investment in Herbicide Use Research and Development

The allocation of benefits from research and development of new herbicide uses is dependent on patent status. The agricultural chemical industry will preferentially invest in herbicide R&D that increases the use of on-patent herbicides from which a company can capture a price premium. The distribution of benefits from increased use of on-patent herbicide will alter over time, with grain growers benefiting at the expense of agrichemical companies once the patent expires. Public sector investment in herbicide R&D may also benefit the agrichemical industry. The size and allocation of the benefits from R&D into on-patent herbicides is analyzed using economic surplus techniques. Two case studies are examined. One involves research into the choice and application of herbicide for new wheat varieties. The second case study involves returns from R&D investment in research into an alternative for the commonly used off-patent herbicide trifluralin. The results from the case studies show that herbicide patent status may not have important implications for "public" R&D investment decisions.
Case Study Prevalence of HBV, HCV and co-infection with HBV and HCV among the Pregnant Women of Pakistani Population.

Viral hepatitis during pregnancy is associated with higher risks of maternal complications. The epidemiology of viral hepatitis during pregnancy is essential for health planners and programme managers. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HBV & HCV infection in pregnant women. It was a hospital based retrospective study. During the study period; a total of 2450 pregnant females were tested for hepatitis B and C. There were 158 females with positive hepatitis results, out of which 130 were hepatitis C positive and 28 were hepatitis B positive. Only 3 females were those having both hepatitis B and C positive. Average age range of women's was 27-36 years. The data was analyzed by ICT method available at facility of (MCH). We concluded that prevalence of hepatitis B and C in pregnant women is high, of which hepatitis C is more prevalent than hepatitis B and the co-infection of hepatitis B and C was observed as well.
Problem solving using CAPE-OPEN software: residue curves case study

Computational simulation is more the rule than the exception in modern process design and analysis. The use of different applications for different purposes is common due to the high specificity of the available software, yet most of the software has the CAPE-OPEN standards that allows its interaction with compatible software. This works uses the generation of the residue curve map as an example to show the potential benefits of combining different applications to solve a timeconsuming problem.
Roadroid: Continuous Road Condition Monitoring with Smart Phones

: Road condition is an important variable to measure in order to decrease road and vehicle operating/maintenance costs, but also to increase ride comfort and traffic safety. By using the built-in vibration sensor in smart phones, it is possible to collect road roughness data which can be an indicator of road condition up to a level of Class 2 or 3 in a simple and cost efficient way. Since data collection therefore is possible to be done more frequently, one can better monitor roughness changes over time. The continuous data collection can also give early warnings of changes and damage, enable new ways to work in the operational road maintenance management, and can serve as a guide for more accurate surveys for strategic asset management and pavement planning. Collected measurement data are wirelessly transferred by the operator when needed via a web service to an internet mapping server with spatial filtering functions. The measured data can be aggregated in preferred sections, as well as exported to other GIS (geographical information systems) or road management systems. Our conclusion is that measuring roads with smart phones can provide an efficient, scalable, and cost-effective way for road organizations to deliver road condition data.
Endogenous Market Structures and Corporate Finance

We characterize the optimal financial structure as a strategic de- vice to optimize the value of a firm competing in a market whose struc- ture is endogenous. Contrary to traditional results based on duopolies and depending on the form of competition, we show the general opti- mality of moderate debt financing whenever positive shocks increase the marginal profitability of strategies that reduce prices, indepen- dently from whether they are strategic susbtitutes or complements. We derive the general formulas for the optimal financial structure un- der Cournot and Bertrand competition with endogenous entry and cost uncertainty and extend the results in many directions.
Evolution and estructure of Artikutza, an 80-year-old beech forest in Navarra (northern Spain)

A structural and historical study was carried out in the beech forest of Artikutza. The aim was to analyse the natural evolution and recovery of the forest after 80 years without significant human disturbance. The current beech forest has grown on land previously covered by a woodland of pollarded oak (Quercus robur L.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) which were all felled. The current forest regeneration and diameter frequency distributions are not characteristic of mature forests. Future investigations should confirm whether these traits are the result of the influence of livestock grazing. The volume of dead wood accumulated is high, though it is not of large diameter (< 40 cm). Senescent trees are uncommon and hollow trees were not found. Protection and creation of pollard trees are therefore suggested as management measures for enhancing the availability of resources for forest biodiversity.
THE IMPACT OF SELECTED SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ON ASSET BUILDING IN RURAL COMMUNITIES

The study examined the impact of selected socioeconomic factors on asset building. Using a questionnaire, data were obtained from a convenience sample of 204 participants from several Alabama Black Belt Counties, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logit analysis. The results showed that a majority (64%) was willing to participate in an asset building program. Of this, an overwhelming majority (at most 70%) wanted to set up a small business; further their education, or purchase a home. In addition, one socioeconomic factor, age, had a statistically significant (p = 0.016) effect on willingness to participate in an asset building program. Consequently, it was recommended that policies and programs that encourage participation in asset building be put in place for residents in the study area, focusing on age as a key factor, among others, to improve wealth. Critical resources to use in this effort are the community-based organizations, and research institutions.
A Conceptual Model to Design Prototypes of Crop Management: A Way to Improve Organic Winter Oilseed Rape Performance in Farmers’ Fields

Concerns about the adverse impacts of pesticides on the environment and their inevitable negative side-effects on non-target organisms have been growing since the 1960’s. In western Europe, Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L. WOSR) has to cope with numerous damaging insects (Alford et al., 2003 and Williams et al., 2010), and other diseases and weeds. In conventional farming, as a consequence, an important and increasing use of pesticides is observed in the major french production areas (Ecophyto RD Dejoux et al.,2003) are also well known.
The vibrational features of hydroxylapatite and type A carbonated apatite: A first principle contribution

Abstract In this work, the vibrational spectra of hexagonal hydroxylapatite OHAp (space group P63) and type A carbonated apatite [Ca10(PO4)6(CO3), space group P1] have been calculated with an ab initio approach by the density function method using the hybrid B3LYP functional and an all-electron polarized double-ζ quality Gaussian-type basis set using the CRYSTAL09 computer program. The effect on the vibrational properties due to improving the Ca pseudopotential, usually adopted in previous studies on hydroxylapatite, toward the present all-electron basis set has also been briefly addressed. The anharmonic correction for hydroxyl groups in OHAp has also been considered. The results of the modeling are in good agreement with the available FTIR and Raman data presented in the literature and can be useful to experimental researchers to assign unequivocally the bands in infrared and Raman spectra to specific fundamental vibrational modes.
Phytoplankton photosynthetic capacity in a shallow estuary: environmental correlates and interannual variation

Parameters in the photosynthesis−irradiance (P-E) relationship of phytoplankton were measured at weekly to bi-weekly intervals for 20 yr at 6 stations on the Rhode River, Maryland (USA). Variability in the light-saturated photosynthetic rate, Pmax, was partitioned into interannual, seasonal, and spatial components. The seasonal component of the variance was greatest, followed by interannual and then spatial. Physiological models of Pmax based on balanced growth or photoacclimation predicted the overall mean and most of the range, but not individual observations, and failed to capture important features of the seasonal and interannual variability. Pmax correlated most strongly with temperature and the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (IC), with lesser correlations with chlorophyll a, diffuse attenuation coefficient, and a principal component of the species composition. In statistical models, temperature and IC correlated best with the seasonal pattern, but temperature peaked in late July, out of phase with Pmax, which peaked in September, coincident with the maximum in monthly averaged IC concentration. In contrast with the seasonal pattern, temperature did not contribute to interannual variation, which instead was governed by IC and the additional lesser correlates. Spatial variation was relatively weak and uncorrelated with ancillary measurements. The results demonstrate that both the overall distribution of Pmax and its relationship with environmental correlates may vary from year to year. Coefficients in empirical statistical models became stable after including 7 to 10 yr of data. The main correlates of Pmax are amenable to automated monitoring, so that future estimates of primary production might be made without labor-intensive incubations.
Genetic characterization of banana clones grown in Turkey based on nuclear DNA content and SRAP markers

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic relationships among banana clones grown in Turkey based on their nuclear DNA contents and SRAP markers. Four banana clones including 'Dwarf Cavendish', 'Grand Nain', 'Azman' and local 'Erdemli' were used as plant material. Nuclear DNA content of the banana cultivars estimated by flow cytometer and varied between 1.766 pg ('Erdemli') and 2.028 pg ('Grand Nain'). 'Azman' and 'Dwarf Cavendish' was similar nuclear DNA content. Genetic similarities of 4 banana clones were between 0.63-0.91 based on SRAP molecular marker. The local 'Erdemli' banana clone was the most distinct from the others. In conclusion, there is a high level of genetic variation among the banana clones grown in Turkey and the local clone 'Erdemli' is the most distinct one. This study showed that nuclear DNA content analysis together with molecular markers can be useful to assess the relationships among banana clones.
Kuwaiti Women and Firm Performance

This study investigates the link between Kuwait women serving as board directors and firms’ performance inKuwait as listed on the Kuwait Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2011. In order to investigate this relationship, anOLS regression analysis was used to interpret the impact of both the presence of Kuwaiti women on boards ofdirectors and Kuwaiti women’s presence at the head of boards of directors on firm performance. Overall, thestudy found that the presence of Kuwaiti women is not an effective mechanism for improving firm performance.This evidence provides insights for governments, regulators, investors, and academics in their efforts to analyzethis impact and study the obstacles facing Kuwaiti women to working effectively as board members.
Cross sectional survey of equine gastro intestinal stroglylosis and Fasciolosis in Goba District of Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.

Equines are important draft power for poor communities in developing countries like Ethiopia. It play important role in agricultural economy of growing worlds. Equine uses for transportation, riding, carting and others depending community cultural and life style. Cross sectional study was conducted on Equine gastro intestinal Strongylosis and Fasciolosis in Goba district of Bale zone Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Study involving a total of 384 (218 Horses, 107 Donkeys and 59 Mules) samples were conducted. These parasites are main parasitic disease affecting the wellbeing of horses, mules and donkeys with over all prevalence of 83.3% and 11.98%, respectively. The occurrence of equine Gastrointestinal Strongylosis and Fasciolosis in this study suggests the importance these parasites in the study area and the overall effect on drought power. There were statistically significant variation (P 0.05) between Equine Fasciolosis between male and female; species of equines (Horse, donkey and mule) and age groups of equines. This study revealed that equine Fasciolosis is an important parasitic disease of equine next to Strongylosis in study area. In conclusion, less attention given to equine in study area affecting the wellbeing of horses, mules and donkeys. For this reason, due emphasis should be given particularly in prevention and control of the parasitic disease in Equine using broad spectrum anthelmintic and management of equine should be improved.
Seismic structure of the Changbai intraplate volcano from joint inversion of ambient noise and receiver functions

The Changbai volcano is located at the border between China and North Korea and is the largest intraplate volcano in NE Asia (Liu, 1999; Liu, 2000). We studied the detailed crustal and upper mantle structure beneath the active Changbai intraplate volcano in northeastern China by conducting a transdimensional Bayesian inversion of teleseismic receiver functions and Rayleigh-wave group velocity dispersion from ambient noise. We used a total of 79 broadband seismic stations, including 27 Jilin University (JLU) stations, 40 CEA permanent stations and 12 NECESSArray portable stations. More than 12,000 teleseismic receiver functions recorded at 79 seismic stations and 1645 noise correlation functions were used in this study. Receiver-function H-κ stacking measurements reveal a thick crust (~40 km) with a high Vp/Vs ratio (>1.8) beneath the Changbai volcano. A 3-D Vs model was constructed by interpolating the 1-D profiles obtained by a joint inversion of receiver functions and ambient-noise Rayleigh-wave group velocity dispersions. Our joint inversion results show a heterogeneous crustal structure in the study region. A low-velocity body at a depths of 8-15 km is revealed directly beneath the Changbai volcano, which has a lateral extension of over 100 km in a south-north direction and may reflect a large magma chamber in the mid-crust. Our results also reveal a 5~10 km depressed Moho and a lowvelocity anomaly in the uppermost mantle beneath the Changbai volcano. These features may indicate an upwelling channel of asthenospheric material with a high mafic composition, and the mafic intrusion is attached to the bottom of the crust and so deepens the Moho beneath the volcano. Our present results support the notion that Changbai volcanism is caused by hot and wet mantle upwelling associated with subduction-driven corner flow in the big mantle wedge above the stagnant Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone (Zhao et al., 2004, 2009; Zhao and Tian, 2013).
Deconcentration versus spatial clustering: changing population distribution in the Turku urban region, 1980–2005

Many urban regions in developed countries have experienced major changes during the past few decades. The deconcentration trend of urban regions has been accompanied with new processes where traditional monocentric cities have been replaced by increasingly polycentric urban constellations. This study seeks to present evidence on how Finnish urban regions have developed in recent decades using the Turku urban region as an example. The results show that the Turku urban region has indeed become more polycentric when population distribution is considered. Global socio-demographic trends, the housing careers of young families and municipal planning policies were found to affect the changing population distribution. The paper is concluded by highlighting the importance of scale in the development of Finnish urban regions. The fundamental factor in urban regional dynamics seems to be a conflict in scale, in which demographic processes influence the urban spatial structure on the regional scale whereas planning practices have predominantly effects on the municipal scale.
The existence of multiple solutions for rotating cylinder flows

A rotating circular cylinder can produce a substantial lift force, whilst at the same time reducing drag to a minimal level. Amongst other things, they have been successfully used to replace sails for marine vessels, and have potential applications for MAVs. Recently, it has been shown that the flow past a rotating circular cylinder can admit multiple steady-state flow solutions, which, in turn, explains the seemingly sudden change in the lift curve as the rotation rate is increased. The current study extends that research to show that at higher Reynolds numbers, the possible flow states extend non-trivially, with the unique solution at lower rotation rates splitting into three remarkably different solution branches, with surprisingly different flow structures.