Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DECEMBER, 1976 AN ANALYSIS OF PRODUCERS' YEAR-TO-YEAR CHANGES IN SLAUGHTER HOG MARKETINGS*

Much effort is devoted to explaining and forecasting changes in marketings of agricultural commodities. The usual procedure involves formulating hypotheses about behavior of individual producers, then testing them and quantifying relationships by using aggregate data. The purpose of this paper is to suggest and illustrate a procedure that may provide a foundation for improved explanation and prediction of period-to-period changes in marketings. The procedure uses data obtained from individual producers to test hypotheses about period-toperiod changes. Results obtained from an application of this procedure (to analysis of year-to-year changes in hog marketings) suggest that expected profitability alone is unlikely to provide either a very complete explanation or accurate predictions of year-to-year changes. The procedure suggested in this paper involves the following steps. First, hypotheses are formulated about period-to-period changes in marketings by individual producers. These might include hypotheses about characteristics of producers who make and do not make period-to-period changes. Factors related to sizes and directions of period-to-period changes by producers who do make them might also be noted. Second, information about hypothesized characteristics distinguishing producers making period-toperiod changes from those who do not, and information about actual changes and reasons then, is obtained from individual producers. Third, these data and appropriate quantitative techniques are used to test hypotheses and quantify relationships.
ACCURATE MASSES FOR THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IN THE ECLIPSING WHITE DWARF BINARY NLTT 11748

We measure the radial velocity curve of the eclipsing detached white dwarf binary NLTT 11748. The primary exhibits velocity variations with a semi-amplitude of 273 km s−1 and an orbital period of 5.641 hr. We do not detect any spectral features from the secondary star or any spectral changes during the secondary eclipse. We use our composite spectrum to constrain the temperature and surface gravity of the primary to be Teff = 8690 ± 140 K and log g = 6.54 ± 0.05, which correspond to a mass of 0.18 M☉. For an inclination angle of 89. °9 derived from the eclipse modeling, the mass function requires a 0.76 M☉ companion. The merger time for the system is 7.2 Gyr. However, due to the extreme mass ratio of 0.24, the binary will most likely create an AM CVn system instead of a merger.
FORMING AN O STAR VIA DISK ACCRETION?

We present a study of outflow, infall, and rotation in a ∼105 L☉ star-forming region, IRAS 18360-0537, with Submillimeter Array and IRAM 30 m observations. The 1.3 mm continuum map shows a 0.5 pc dust ridge, of which the central compact part has a mass of ∼80 M☉ and harbors two condensations, MM1 and MM2. The CO (2–1) and SiO (5–4) maps reveal a biconical outflow centered at MM1, which is a hot molecular core (HMC) with a gas temperature of 320 ± 50 K and a mass of ∼13 M☉. The outflow has a gas mass of 54 M☉ and a dynamical timescale of 8 × 103 yr. The kinematics of the HMC are probed by high-excitation CH3OH and CH3CN lines, which are detected at subarcsecond resolution and unveil a velocity gradient perpendicular to the outflow axis, suggesting a disk-like rotation of the HMC. An infalling envelope around the HMC is evidenced by CN lines exhibiting a profound inverse P Cygni profile, and the estimated mass infall rate, 1.5 × 10−3 M☉ yr−1, is well comparable to that inferred from the mass outflow rate. A more detailed investigation of the kinematics of the dense gas around the HMC is obtained from the 13CO and C18O (2–1) lines; the position–velocity diagrams of the two lines are consistent with the model of a free-falling and Keplerian-like rotating envelope. The observations suggest that the protostar of a current mass ∼10 M☉ embedded within MM1 will develop into an O star via disk accretion and envelope infall.
School participation, grade attainment and literacy in Brazil : a 1980 census analysis

This study uses data from the 1980 Brazilian Census to analyze the determinants of school participation, grade attainment and literacy among 24,000 children aged 7-14. Regional and household resources are the two dominant factors related to family decisions as to whether a child will enroll in school, the grade the child will attain, whether the child will work or drop out of school, and whether the child will be literate by age 14. The findings strongly support policies for increasing primary school coverage in rural areas, and for subsidizing poor families so that they do not have to rely on child labor -- a major reason for school drop-outs.
Soil Test Nutrient Changes Induced by Poultry Litter under Conventional Tillage and No‐Tillage

Poultry litter (PL) can supply N, P, K, and other plant nutrients; however, excessive application may cause environmental problems, depending on management and crop nutrient demand. Changes in soil test (ST) nutrient content in a Cecil soil (a fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) during a 10-yr period of PL use was evaluated at the USDA-ARS J. Phil Campbell, Sr., Natural Resource Conservation Center, Watkinsville, GA. During the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cropping phase (1995-2000), 4.4 Mg PL ha -1 yr -1 resulted in small changes in ST nutrient content in the surface 15 cm. Differences were observed between tillage treatments, with less accumulation of Ca, Mg, and Mn and greater accumulation of Zn for no-till (NT) than conventional tillage (CT). During the corn (Zea mays L.) cropping phase (2001-2005), average annual PL inputs (11.2 Mg ha -1 ) increased P and Zn contents, with changes being similar for CT and NT. After 10 yr, ST nutrient contents in the surface 15 cm reflected 25, 4, 45, 26, 17, and 97% of the input from PL for P K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn, respectively. Changes in soil profile nutrient content (to a depth of 60 cm) from 1997 to 2005 were predominantly at 0 to 15 cm, where P and Zn increased >200%. Accumulation of Ca, K, P, and Zn at lower depths was also observed. Strategies for increasing nutrient removal following repeated long-term application of PL should be considered to avoid excessive levels of nutrients.
Determining the Motives or Reasons that Make Companies Disclose Environmental Information

This paper presents an empirical investigation into environmental disclosure practices of oil and gas companies operating in Libya. It aims at exploring key motives for oil and gas companies operating in Libya for disclosing environmental information in their annual report. Hence, the paper seeks to answer the following questions: What motivate companies in Libya to disclose and pursue environmental information? In answering this question and meeting the aims of the research questionnaire method was used to collect data. Key factors were proposed based on previous studies namely: reputation, legal requirements, meeting society expectations, society pressures and economic factors. A total of 115 questionnaires were collected from 43 local and foreign companies operating in the Libyan oil and gas sector. The results indicate that foreign companies considered issues such as Reputation, Expectations of society, Legal requirements, Pressures of society and Economic factors as motives that encourage them to disclose environmental information. On the other hand the investigation refuel that local companies accept just Reputation and society Pressures of as motives that encourage them to disclose environmental information.
Anisotropy of exchange stiffness based on atomic-scale magnetic properties in the rare-earth permanent magnet 
Nd2Fe14B

We examine the anisotropic properties of the exchange stiffness constant, $\mathcal{A}$, for rare-earth permanent magnet, Nd$_2$Fe$_{14}$B, by connecting analyses with two different scales of length, i.e., Monte Carlo (MC) method with an atomistic spin model and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation with a continuous magnetic model. The atomistic MC simulations are performed on the spin model of Nd$_2$Fe$_{14}$B constructed from ab-initio calculations, and the LLG micromagnetics simulations are performed with the parameters obtained by the MC simulations. We clarify that the amplitude and the thermal property of $\mathcal{A}$ depend on the orientation in the crystal, which are attributed to the layered structure of Nd atoms and weak exchange couplings between Nd and Fe atoms. We also confirm that the anisotropy of $\mathcal{A}$ significantly affects the threshold field for the magnetization reversal (coercivity) given by the depinning process.
High-harmonic spectroscopy of isoelectronic molecules: Wavelength scaling of electronic-structure and multielectron effects

We study the interplay of electronic-structure and multielectron effects in high-harmonic spectra of the two isoelectronic molecules CO2 and N2O as a function of the near-infrared driving wavelength and intensity. We show that the minima observed in the spectra of aligned molecules (〈cos2 θ〉 = 0.54–0.64) are intensity dependent at the shortest investigated wavelength (1.17 μm) but become gradually intensity independent at longer wavelengths (1.36 and 1.46 μm). These results combined with detailed theoretical modeling show that the contributions of several ionization channels are important in the spectra recorded with short-wavelength driving pulses because the minima are located in the cutoff region where the contributions from different channels are comparable. In spectra recorded with longer driving wavelengths, the minima are located in the plateau region of the spectrum and are caused by the electronic structure of the molecules. Our results also rationalize and reconcile previous results and provide general guidelines for future studies.
Preschoolers ' Relationships

ABSTRACT In a study that aimed to distinguish three levels of peer relationship and assess behavior at the three levels, a within-subjects design was used to investigate target preschool children's behavior toward their best friends, associates, and acquaintances in preschool classes. For 6 weeks, 22 target children in 7 classes were observed while they interacted with peers during free play. Comparisons on measures of significant social behaviors revealed that types of relationships were qualitatively distinct. Target children interacted most often wih best friends, and more often with associates than with acquaintances. As level of association increased, self-disclosures increased and disagreements decreased. Fantasy play, a group activity, was engaged in equally often with best friends and associates, but rarely with acquaintances. These results are consistent with the theory that children have a process view of relationships and selectively choose behaviors 16ithin the context of preferred relationships that serve to maintain those particular relationships over time. Over 30 references are cited. (Author/RH)
NH 4 + regeneration and grazing : interdependent processes in size-fractionated 1 5 ~ ~ 4 + experiments

We measured size-dependent NH,' regeneration by 15N isotope dilution on a seasonal basis in the plume of the Chesapeake Bay estuary (USA) using several different approaches. In our short-term (1 h) size-fractionation experiments, the mean rate of NH,' regeneration by total or by c 202 pm plankton increased from winter to summer a s a linear function of temperature. On the other hand, the mean NH,' regeneration rate by c 10 pm plankton was lowest in February, increased nearly 10-fold from February to April, then remalned virtually unchanged through the end of summer. In all seasons during which experiments were conducted, we observed on occasion that the rate of NH,' regeneration measured in the c l0 pm fraction exceeded the rate measured in the <202 pm fraction by 8 to 1000 %. In other experiments in which size-fractionated plankton were maintained in large carboys for 2 24 h, we also found that NH,' regeneration in the c10 pm fraction exceeded that in the <64 or c202 pm fractions. In the third type of experiment conducted, we artificially manipulated the density of copepods in unfiltered seawater and measured NH,' regeneration. In 5 out of 6 such experiments, we found that a s the numbers of copepods were increased to ca 20 I-', the measured rate of NH,' regeneration increased to a maximum level, then decreased when additional copepods were added. From all of these experiments, we hypothesize that total NH,' regeneration in a natural food web can be significantly different from that measured in component size fractions, and that this effect is a nonlinear function of zooplankton density and/or multiple trophic interactions. These effects may, in addition, be a function of internal cycling of isotopically labelled substrate. This hypothesis implies that commonly used size-fractionation techniques may be insufficient or inappropriate for describing the true regeneration rates of different size classes in situ.
miR-27 a-mediated antiproliferative effects of metformin on the breast cancer cell line MCF-7

Metformin was demonstrated to have effects on breast cancer, and microRNA-27a (miR-27a) is a prognostic marker for breast cancer progression and patient survival. AMPKα2 was found to be a suppressor in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain this phenomenon in regards to the relationship between microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes and to predict how AMPKα2 may be a downstream target gene of miR-27a, thus exploring the new mechanism of metformin in the treatment of breast cancer regarding miRNAs. The MTT assay was used to assess whether metformin can inhibit the growth of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The levels of miR-27a and AMPKα2 mRNA were examined using RT-PCR, and the expression levels of AMPKα2 and caspase-3 were determined by western blot analyses after MCF-7 cells were treated with metformin. The association of miR-27a and AMPKα2 was confirmed by transfecting cells with miR-27a mimics, miR-27a inhibitors and its negative control (NC), respectively. A luciferase assay was conducted to detect the miR-27a binding to the AMPKα2 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). The results of the MTT assay showed that metformin suppressed the growth of MCF-7 cells in a doseand time-dependent manner. miR-27a was downregulated, and AMPKa2 was upregulated after intervention with metformin, and caspase-3 was activated. Transfection tests showed that the expression of AMPKα2 was downregulated in the MCF-7 cells after transfection of the miR-27a mimics. The luciferase assay verified the binding of miR-27a to the AMPKα2 3'-UTR. In conclusion, metformin inhibited MCF-7 cell growth, and miR-27a plays a vital role in this process by targeting AMPKα2.
Responses of copepods to dissolved free amino acids

The first maxilla (Ml) beating frequency of Temora longicornis, which is considered to be an index of feeding behaviour, was measured using a computerized micro-impedance technique, in filtered seawater as a control, and after exposure to 9 different particle-free mixtures of equimolar (10-' M) amino acids dissolved in seawater. Mixtures containing 20 dissolved free amino acids (ASP, GLU, ASN, SER, THR, GLN, HIS, GLY, ARG, 0-ALA, TAUR, TYR, AABA, VAL. TRP, PHE, ILE, LEU, ORN and LYS) were all detected by this copepod. Mixture 8, containing SER, THR, GLY and TYR, caused an increase ctivity for only 30 % of copepods tested, so not all amino acids are stimulatory in copepods. a1 stimulation and responses were reflected in an increase in appendage beat frequency. On rage, strongest responses were recorded for Mixture 1, containing ASP, GLU, ASN, SER, GLN and IS. Mixture 2, containing GLY, TYR. PHE, LEU, ORN and LYS, and Mixture 7, containing ASP and 1GLU. Responses corresponded to increases in frequency up to 5.6 Hz, and varied according to the number and combination of amino acids present in the mixture. Amino acids are among the bioactive molecules responsible for triggering chemosensory feeding responses in copepods.
Genetic diversity of common bean accessions in the germplasm bank of the Instituto Agronômico - IAC.

The genetic divergence among 993 accessions of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the germplasm bank of the Instituto Agronomico IAC (agronomical Institute in Campinas, state of Sao Paulo) was evaluated in an analysis using 23 qualitative and quantitative agromorphological/ morphological and agronomic descriptors. Multivariate analyses such as the Euclidean distance, principal component analysis and Tocher's cluster method were used to quantify the divergence among the accessions. The joint use of the analyses allowed the identification of 45 groups of which the first five absorbed 88.28% o f all accessions. Among the 23 evaluated descriptors, the principal component analysis allowed the discarding of five that were redundant and/or little variable and the eight first principal components were necessary to explain 70% of the total variation. The multivariate methods proved efficient when used in germplasm collections, optimizing the descriptor set and establishing an orientation for future crossings in the common bean improvement program of the IAC.
Ecophysiological responses by loess grassland vegetation to elevated air CO2 concentration in a miniFACE system

The experiment focused on the responses by loess grassland vegetation to elevated air CO2 concentration (EC) with N as the second factor. Investigated responses include growth dynamics at stand (LAI) and at individual plant level (RGR). Leaf scale CO2/H2O gas exchange, shoot carbohydrate content, canopy surface temperatures and above ground dry matter production have also been measured. LAI has been slightly decreased by EC con- centrations in both the high and low N treatments. RGR was lower in the monocots in the EC treatment than in the ambient, while similar growth depression was not found in the dicots. These results are in agreement with the dawn-evening carbohydrate pattern and CO2 gas- exchange in the leaves of the same species. Canopy surface temperatures were higher during the day in the EC treatment than in the ambient with average difference of 1.5oC. The yield has not increased in the multi-species loess stands due to EC. Acta Biol Szeged 46(3-4):215-217 (2002)
Influence of tree density on climate-growth relationships in a Pinus pinaster Ait. forest in the northern mountains of Sardinia (Italy)

Abstract: In view of the projected increases in the frequency and duration of drought events in the Mediterranean basin, a better understanding how differences in stand structure influence climate-growth relationships can improve and drive the conservation and management strategies for marginal forests in mountain areas. In this study, we examined the intra-annual variability of growth patterns and responses to climate of two maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands growing at contrasting tree densities at low elevation in northern Sardinia. A dendroclimatic analysis was used to assess the climate-growth relationships of these trees on monthly, seasonal and annual scales. The late spring and summer precipitations of the current year appeared to be the crucial climatic driver that encouraged the radial growth of the species in this mountain stand. However, summer drought was the primary climate constraint, exerting negative effects on P. pinaster growth. Summer Palmer drought severity index showed contrasting influence on latewood growth responses to drought conditions related to stand density, remaining significant also during the autumn months in the stand with the highest tree density. Our findings indicate that stands growing at high tree densities may experience more prolonged water shortages, especially during the late summer and early autumn months. Additionally, since the early 1980s, as precipitation has decreased, the influence of previous rainy years on radial growth has been highly significant in the stand with the lowest tree density. This result might suggests that these trees are able to utilize a greater amount of water reaching deeper soil horizons stored due to the previous rainy years, especially during periods of low precipitation.
Occupy : ‘ struggles for the common ’ or an ‘ anti-politics of dignity ’ ? Reflections on Hardt and Negri and

This article provides a critical examination of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s and John Holloway’s theory of revolutionary subjectivity, and does so by applying their theories to the Occupy movement of 2011. Its central argument is that one should avoid collapsing ‘autonomist’ and ‘open’ Marxism, for whilst both approaches share Tronti’s (1979) insistence on the constituent role of class struggle, and also share an emphasis on a prefigurative politics which engages a non-hierarchical and highly participatory politics, there nevertheless remain some significant differences between their approaches. Ultimately, when applied to Occupy Movement whilst their theory isn’t entirely unproblematic, I will argue that Hardt and Negri’s ‘autonomist’ approach offers the stronger interpretation, due mainly to their revised historical materialism.
COMPOSITION AND SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE 1 AU QUIET-TIME SUPRATHERMAL ION POPULATION DURING SOLAR CYCLE 23

We have surveyed the spectral and compositional properties of suprathermal heavy ions during quiet times from 1995 January 1 to 2007 December 31 using Wind/Energetic Particles: Anisotropy, Composition, and Transport/SupraThermal-through-Energetic Particle Telescope and Advanced Composition Explorer/Ultra-low Energy Isotope Spectrometer at energies between 0.04 and 2.56 MeV nucleon−1. We find the following. (1) Quiet-time Fe/O and C/O abundances are correlated with solar cycle activity, reflecting corresponding values measured in solar energetic particle and interplanetary (IP) shock events during solar maximum, and those measured in the solar wind and corotating interaction regions (CIRs) during solar minimum conditions. (2) The 3He/4He ratio lies in the 3%–8% range during the quiet times of 1998–2004 with finite 3He detected on ∼27.4% of the days. This ratio drops to 0.3%–1.2% during 2005–2007 and finite 3He is detected on ∼5% of the days. (3) All heavy-ion species exhibit suprathermal tails between 0.04 and 0.32 MeV nucleon−1 with spectral indices ranging from ∼1.27 to 2.29. These tails sometimes extend above ∼2 MeV nucleon−1 with Fe spectra rolling over at lower energies than those of CNO. (4) The suprathermal tail spectral indices of heavier species (i.e., Fe) are harder than those of the lighter ones (i.e., CNO). These indices do not exhibit a clear solar cycle dependence and for ∼50% of the time, they deviate significantly from the 1.5 value. These compositional observations provide evidence that even during the quietest times in IP space, the suprathermal population (3He and C-through-Fe) consists of ions from different sources whose relative contributions vary with solar activity. The heavy-ion energy spectra exhibit suprathermal tails with variable spectral indices that do not exhibit the spectral index of 1.5 predicted by some recent models.