Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autism and Schizophrenia Are Disorders of Evolvability

Autism and schizophrenia are of particular interest because new developments in genomic medicine address three aspects of the conditions that have been difficult, thus far, to resolve: their heterogeneity, from subclinical manifestations to disorders that are gravely disabling; the genetic basis for their high heritability; and the persistence of disorders in light of their high heritability but low reproductive success they convey. The origins of autism and schizophrenia, their persistence and heterogeneity can be understood by integrating information from genomic science, the social brain and the evolution of socialization, intelligence and language. Both conditions are associated with structural changes in the genome, specifically copy number variants. Such systemic mutations contribute to an unstable and mutable genome and have been especially notable during primate > hominid evolution. Along with mechanisms that affect gene expression, they contribute to a genome characterized by variability and evolvability. A dynamic and variable genome is reflected by a high degree of phenotypic variation. This, in turn, is reflected in the diversity of neurodevelopmental disorders, in particular autism and schizophrenia. Evolvability is more than a dispositional concept, it is a trait in its own right. In the special case of hominid evolution, evolvability has been both an independent and a dependent variable. Evolution of the modern human brain seems to have arisen during the cultivation of unstable regions in the genome that were conducive to a high degree of inter-individual and inter-generational variation. The consequence of even small aberrations in evolutionary processes and phenotypic variations is most likely to be manifest in the functions of the social brain: self-referential processing, perspective taking and the dual components of empathy; also language as well as intelligence itself. The trade-off is a dynamic genome that can rearrange itself in untoward ways and may be felt in one or more of the above functions. The occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders ranging from the learning disabilities and ADD to autism and schizophrenia, are epiphenomenal to a genome that is unstable and mutable. The selective advantage of such a genome is the runaway evolution of positive prosocial and intellective traits. If there is a core to the pathology that emerges in autism and schizophrenia, it is at the genomic level, and is probably related to the unique evolvability of the human genome. Genetic transformation as an agent of evolvability is necessarily associated with untoward consequences. Just as point mutations may have deleterious effects, so do genomic transformations. The neurodevelopmental disorders, therefore, are the consequence of evolvability.
Leadership Styles and Communication Skills at Indonesian Higher Education: Patterns, Influences, and Applications for Organization

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among leadership styles, communication skills, and employee satisfaction and investigate the potential of women in positions of leadership to support the practice of equal employment opportunities in organizations. Data were collected from 200 self-administered surveys using questionnaires administered to employees at three private Islamic universities in Semarang, Indonesia. Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that leadership styles and communication skills have a significant effect on employee satisfaction. However, on the basis of employee perceptions, this study reveals no significant difference in leadership styles and communication skills between male and female leaders.
Parsimony analysis of endemicity of enchodontoid fishes from the Cenomanian

Parsimony analysis of endemicity was applied to analyze the distribution of enchodontoid fishes occurring strictly in the Cenomanian. The analysis was carried out using the computer program PAUP* 4.0b10, based on a data matrix built with 17 taxa and 12 areas. The rooting was made on an hypothetical all-zero outgroup. Applying the exact algorithm branch and bound, 47 trees were obtained with 26 steps, a consistency index of 0.73, and a retention index of 0.50. The topology found with a majority rule consensus was: ((Mexico) + (United States) + (Morocco + Italy) + (Lebanon + Israel) + (Italy-Slovenia) + (Brazil)) + (D.R. Congo) + (Sweden) + (Germany) + (England). The procedure delimited two areas of endemism in the Tethys Ocean. They are Morocco and southern Italy and Lebanon and Israel. The area of endemism formed by Morocco + Italy represents the North African region of the Tethys Ocean, and that formed by Lebanon + Israel is in the mid-Tethyan Ocean. Our results are in partial agreement with the patterns of geographical distribution of certain invertebrate biota.
Capturing translation processes to access metalinguistic awareness

Despite the economic importance of translation work, research can hardly keep pace with current developments, especially the use of electronic resources. A growing body of literature on writing processes in various languages and domains (e.g. journalism, education) has provided insight into how professionals and students use language and language resources. However, the questions of how translators use electronic, non-electronic, and internal linguistic resources and of how novices and experts differ in this regard remain to be investigated in detail. A multi-method approach called progression analysis, which combines ethnographic observation, interviews, computer logging, screenshot recordings, and cue-based retrospective verbalizations, has been used to explore differences between novice and expert journalists and lends itself ideally to the domain of translation. Progression analysis captures diverse aspects of translation processes as students and professionals translate and revise their texts and all.
The Relationship of Lower Limbs Muscle Strength with Aging in Healthy Women

Background and purpose: Human muscle strength is affected by life style, physical activities and recreation. Lower limbs antigravity muscles weakness has significant role in falling. Because of great effects of balance and muscle strength in health of the elder population, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aging on muscle strength and to determine the age range of muscle strength reduction in women aged 21 to 80 years old. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 101 healthy subjects. The subjects were divided into six age groups with 15 to 20 women in each group. Maximum isometric strength of four muscle groups was measured using a hand-held dynamometer, bilaterally. Results: The results indicated that the muscle strength was significantly decreased with aging (P<0.0001). The force changes in hip extensor and ankle dorsiflexor muscles were not significant between age 21 to 40 years, but after that it was significantly reduced (P<0.0001). The changes of knee extensor and hip abductor muscles force were not significant up to 50 years old, but after that a significant decrease was found. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be predicted that the aging and associated loss of muscle strength leads to a significant decrease in standing balance and stability. Therefore, planning sufficient physical activities among the all age groups at risk of falling is necessary. With appropriate exercise therapy program, balance disorders and falling among the elder population can be prevented.
Cultural destination’s attributes and tourists’ satisfaction: Differences between first time and repeated visits

This work has the financial support of UNIAG - Applied Management Research Unit, R&D unit funded by the FCT – Portuguese Foundation for the Development of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education, through national funds under the project UID/GES/04752/2016. This work has also the financial support of the Project Lab2PT - Laboratory of Landscapes, Heritage and Territory - AUR / 04509 and of FCTMEC through national funds and when applicable of the ERDF co-financing, under the new partnership agreement PT2020.
Laser Shock Peening, the Path to Production

This article describes the path to commercialization for laser shock peening beginning with the discovery of the basic phenomenology of the process through to its implementation as a commercial process. It describes the circumstances leading to its invention, the years spent on exploring and defining characteristics of the process, and the journey to commercialization. Like many budding technologies displaying unique characteristics, but no immediately evident application, i.e., “a solution looking for a problem”, there were several instances where its development may have been delayed or ended except for an unanticipated event that enabled it to move forward. An important contributor to the success of laser peening, is that nearly 15 years after its invention, universities world-wide began extensive research into the process, dramatically broadening the knowledge base and increasing confidence in, and understanding of its potential. Finally, a critical problem in need of a solution, laser peening, appeared, culminating in its first industrial application on aircraft turbine engine fan blades.
Geology and geoc hemistry of mafic-ultramafic rocks (Koli) in the Handol area, central Scandinavian Caledonides

The ROdberget ultramafic-mafic Complex in the Handol area in Jiimtland, central Swedish Caledonides, consists of various ultramafic rocks, metacumulate rocks, metagabbros, mafic dykes, plagiogranites and a melange. It is interpreted as a fragmented ophiolite. The overlying Bunnran Fonnation is a metasedimentary-meta-igneous unit usually consisting of finely Jaminated cal­ careous psammitic and pelitic rocks with probable tuffitic components, intruded by and interlayered with mafic intrusive and extrusive rocks. Combined geological and geochemical evidence indicates a close spatia! and tempora! genetic relationship between the Rodberget ultramafic-mafic Complex and the Bunnran Fonnation. It is suggested that they originated in a basin where oceanic crust was fonned during deposition of material derived from continental and volcanic source regions, an environment comparable to the Andaman Sea in the Indian Ocean. As a general model, such basins with their high frequency of fracture zonesftransfonn faults could be the original settings of the solitary and detrital ultramafic rocks also in correlateable units in the central Scandina­ vian Caledonides.
Are Expenditure Cuts the Only Effective Way to Achieve Successful Fiscal Adjustment

We re-examine whether successful fiscal adjustments are characterized by spending cuts. We apply the Bai & Perron structural break filter instead of ad hoc rules to identify fiscal adjustments in 20 OECD countries. Our estimates using conditional fixed effects logit models suggest that we cannot reject the hypothesis that the change in expenditures is equal to the change in revenues in successful fiscal adjustments. Most political-economy variables considered are not robustly related to successful fiscal adjustments. However, we find evidence that the political fragmentation of government affects the likelihood to observe a successful fiscal adjustment.
The Effect of Using Flipped Classroom in Teaching Calculus on Students’ Achievements at University of Tabuk

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of using flipped classrooms in teaching the Math2 course for the preparatory year‟s students at the University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. The Math2 course was organized via an (ADDE) design model, with recorded videos of the topics included in the study; it was implemented by a Moodle platform and was available for the treatment group . Pre- and post-achievement tests were developed in calculus, being the topic of the Math2 course, and implemented for the two groups: the control group consisted of 45 students and the treatment group consisted of 47 students. The results revealed a significant difference in students‟ performance, favoring the treatment group which was taught using the flipped classroom instruction. However, no statistical significance was found in students‟ performance related to their majors (medicine, applied medical science, engineering, computer science, and science).
OPTIMIZATION OF INJECTION MOLDING PARAMETER OF Ti-6Al-4V POWDER MIX WITH PALM STEARIN AND POLYETHYLENE FOR THE HIGHEST GREEN STRENGTH BY USING TAGUCHI METHOD

This paper present the Taguchi method of L27 (313) orthogonal array as a tool in optimization of Metal injection molding (MIM) parameters for the highest green strength. Injection pressure, injection temperature, powder loading, mold temperature, holding pressure and injection speed are Parameters to be optimized. Besides those, interaction of the injection pressure, injection temperature and powder loading were studied. The metal powder of Ti-6Al-4V is mixed with binder 60wt% of palm stearin and 40wt% of polyethylene successfully injected at optimum parameter condition: 350 bar of injection pressure, 140oc of injection temperature, 65vol% of powder loading, 50oc of mold temperature, 600 bar of holding pressure, and 10ccm/s of the injection rate. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the best signal to noise ratio (S/N) presents the contribution of the parameters to the quality characteristic (green strength). Results show that the mold temperature has highest significant percentage (27.59%) followed by powder loading (15.44%) and injection pressure (12.30%) Nevertheless, the analysis of variance does not show any contribution from interaction.
A High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Model for Reformate Gas

A one-dimensional model of a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell using polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes is described. The model considers mass transport through a thin film electrolyte covering the catalyst particles as well as through the porous media. The incorporation of a thin film model describing reactant gas mass transport through electrolyte covering the electrocatalyst is shown to be an essential requirement for accurate simulation. The catalyst interface is represented using a macrohomogeneous model. The influence of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane, which would be present in a reformate gas, is considered in terms of the effect on the anode polarisation/kinetics behaviour. The model simulates the influence of operating conditions, cell parameters, and fuel gas compositions on the cell voltage current density characteristics. The model gives good predictions of the effect of oxygen and air pressures on cell behaviour and correctly simulates the mass transport behaviour of the cell. The model with reformate gas shows that additional voltage losses associated with CO poisoning can lead to loss in voltage of tens of mV and thus reduction in power.
Effect of high temperatures on sandstone – a computed tomography scan study

The impact of high temperatures on rocks is a topic of growing importance in geotechnical engineering due to its relevance to applications such as underground nuclear fuel storage, geothermal energy resource exploration and underground coal gasification. This paper presents results from tests performed on samples of sandstone treated to a range of temperatures between 20 and 1000°C. Sandstone samples obtained from underground coal gasification trial sites in Poland were selected for the tests. Multistage triaxial tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of the samples. X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses were performed to investigate the changes in physical and chemical properties of the samples under increasing temperature. Micro-computed tomography analyses were carried out on selected samples in order to show the microstructural changes that take place as a result of the heating process. Three-dimensional characterisation of sample porosity and pore-size distribution was performed to obtain a quantitative comparison between samples subjected to different temperature treatments. The relationship between microstructure and macro-mechanical characteristics of sandstone at high temperatures is discussed. The results illustrate that the mechanical properties of sandstone are closely related to alterations of microstructure that result from increased temperatures.
Interacting Online: A Content Analysis of Museum Education Websites.

The purpose of this research was to assess the degree of viewer interaction capabilities of features found on the education portion of museum websites. A content analysis was completed where features were categorized by learning levels including: narrative (the learner is a passive recipient), interactive (the learner chooses what he/she views), communicative (the learner engages in discussion), adaptive (the learner discusses with instructor feedback), and productive (the learner expresses what was learned). From the 153 websites analysed 69 (45.1%) had narrative and 51 (33.3%) had interactivity functionality. There were 55 (35.9%) websites that had communicative, 38 (n=24.8%) had adaptive, and 34 (22.2%) had productive features. Features found at the adaptive and productive levels tended to incorporate offline activity. The results contribute to an understanding of the adoption of technology to educate and can be used as baseline data to assess future changes in online education by museums.
Creatinine height index as a predictor of nutritional status among patients with liver cirrhosis

Assessment of nutritional status in cirrhotic patients is very difficult, and there is no gold-standard method used for nutritional evaluation of these patients. The study aims to assess the role of creatinine height index in evaluation of nutritional status of patients with liver cirrhosis, and to compare its results with different ordinary methods used for nutritional assessment. The study was cross sectional observational study, carried out at El-Rajhi Liver Hospital and internal medicine department in Assiut University on 103 patients with liver cirrhosis after obtaining their informed consent form May to September 2015. 24 h urine collection was obtained from all patients, then measurement of their urine creatinine was done, after that, creatinine height index (CHI) was calculated for every patient, furthermore, All patients did the followings investigations: Serum albumin, Anthropometric measurements, Subjective Global Assessment. Then its results were compared with their CHI. According to CHI, malnutrition was present in 89.2% of patients: 11 patients (11.8%) were mildly malnourished, 38 (40.8%) were moderately malnourished and 35 (36.6%) were severely malnourished, Subjective Global Assessment detects malnutrition in 92.2% of patients. Furthermore, 87.4% of the patients were malnourished according to Mid Arm Muscle Circumference while 86.4% of them were malnourished according to Triceps Skin Fold Thickness. Mean value of CHI was decreased markedly from 86.1, 64.5 to 39.1% in Child score A, B and C respectively (P value= 0.000). CHI is a good predictor of muscle mass in patients with liver cirrhosis. Key words: CHI, nutritional status, liver, cirrhosis, assessment.
Morphology of Nightside Subauroral Ionospheric Convection: Monthly, Seasonal, Kp, and IMF Dependencies

In this study we have used 7 years (2011–2017) of quiet (Kp ≤ 2+) to moderately disturbed (Kp = 3) time nightside line‐of‐sight measurements from six midlatitude Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radars in the U.S. continent to characterize the subauroral convection in terms of magnetic latitude, magnetic local time, month, season, Kp, and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle. Our results show that (1) the quiet time (Kp ≤ 2+) subauroral flows are predominantly westward (20–90 m/s) in all months and become meridional (−20–20 m/s) near dawn and dusk, with the flows being the strongest and most structured in December and January. (2) The Kp dependency is prominent in all seasons such that for higher Kp the premidnight westward flow intensifies and the postmidnight eastward flow starts to emerge. (3) Sorting by IMF clock angle shows Bz+/Bz− features consistent with lower/higher Kp conditions, as expected, but also shows distinct differences that are associated with By sign. (4) There is a pronounced latitudinal variation in the zonal flow speed between 18 and 2 magnetic local time in winter (November to February) that exists under all IMF conditions but is most pronounced under IMF Bz− and higher Kp. Our analysis suggests that the quiet time subauroral flows are due to the combined effects of solar wind/magnetosphere coupling leading to penetration electric field and the neutral wind dynamo with the ionospheric conductivity modulating their relative dominance.
Geomorphic, sedimentary and hydraulic reconstruction of a glacial lake outburst flood in northern Alberta, Canada

Glacial lake outburst floods occurred frequently during the last deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Within the Interior Plains, these floods carved large spillway systems; however, due to a lack of abundant sediment, deposits within prairie spillways are rarely preserved. Here, we present geomorphic and sedimentary evidence and hydraulic modelling of the eastern Beaver River Spillway, formed by the catastrophic drainage of the ice‐dammed glacial Lake Algar, in north central Alberta. During this flood, coarse‐grained sediment eroded from local till formed large pendant bars. Within the first ~50 km of the spillway (Reach 1), pendant bars contain downstream orientated foresets overlain by horizontally bedded coarser gravels. The remaining pendant bars (Reach 2), present downflow of a moraine barrier, differ, comprising massive, matrix‐supported, inversely graded gravels capped by a boulder layer. We use a HEC‐GeoRAS/HEC‐RAS system in conjunction with palaeostage indicators to estimate the steady‐state water surface elevation. Modelling results show that peak discharge within Reach 1 of the eastern Beaver River Spillway was approximately 14 000–21 000 m3 s−1. For Reach 2, 30 km downstream, the peak discharge was estimated at 23 000–40 000 m3 s−1 (nbulked 18 000–26 000 m3 s−1). The downstream discharge increase, consistent with the sedimentary change in pendant bar deposits, is attributed to sediment bulking of the flood flow. This provides the opportunity to observe a range of flow conditions, and associated sedimentology, from a single flood event. The reconstructed flow conditions, coupled with lake volume estimates from the ponding above the moraine barrier suggest a minimum flow duration of 3–5 days.