Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TEXT MINING OF ONLINE BOOK REVIEWS FOR NON-TRIVIAL CLUSTERING OF BOOKS AND USERS

vii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2. RELATED WORK . 5 CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY . 11 3.1 Data Collection and Preprocessing . 11 3.2 Mining Content . 11 3.3 Selecting Feature Tags . 13 3.4 Book Similarity . 16 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS . 18 4.1 K-Means Clustering . 18 4.2 Hierarchical Clustering . 23 4.3 Aggressive Hierarchical Clustering . 29 4.4 Cluster Evaluation . 33 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION . 51 LIST OF REFERENCES . 54
On the identity of a hominoid male upper canine from the Vallès-Penedès Basin figured by Pickford ( 2012 )

Pickford (2012) inadvertently figured—with an incorrect catalogue number—an unpublished male upper canine of a hominoid primate from the Vallès-Penedès Basin (without specifying its locality of provenance), and attributed it to the Late Miocene fossil great ape Hispanopithecus laietanus. In fact, this canine comes from the Middle Miocene local stratigraphic series of Abocador de Can Mata (ACM), and shows greater similarities with Middle Miocene hominoids than with Hispanopithecus. Here we report the correct catalogue number of this specimen (IPS41714) and provide details on its locality of provenance (ACM/C4-Ap) as well as estimated age (11.9 Ma). On morphologic grounds, we further justify the attribution of this specimen to Dryopithecus fontani, previously recorded by craniodental remains at another ACM locality with the same age, and also correct several other minor errors.
Planck 2015 Constraints on the Nonflat ϕCDM Inflation Model

We perform Markov chain Monte Carlo analyses to put constraints on the nonflat ϕCDM inflation model using Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy data and baryon acoustic oscillation distance measurements. The ϕCDM model is a consistent dynamical dark energy model in which the currently accelerating cosmological expansion is powered by a scalar field ϕ slowly rolling down an inverse power-law potential energy density. We also use a physically consistent power spectrum for energy density inhomogeneities in this nonflat model. We find that, like the closed-ΛCDM and closed-XCDM models, the closed-ϕCDM model provides a better fit to the lower multipole region of the CMB temperature anisotropy data compared to that provided by the tilted flat-ΛCDM model. Also, like the other closed models, this model reduces the tension between the Planck and the weak lensing σ8 constraints. However, the higher multipole region of the CMB temperature anisotropy data are better fit by the tilted flat-Λ model than by the closed models.
Cold storage of the sperm of the endemic trout Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni: a strategy for short-term germplasm conservation of endemic species

Aiming to determine an appropriate protocol for short-term storage of the sperm of San Pedro Martir trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni, wild fish previously matured in captivity were anesthetized and the semen, obtainedby abdominal pressure, was suspended in Erdhal and Graham extender at 1:3, 1:6 and 1:9 dilution ratios and kept at4° C for 9 days with an undiluted sample as control. The percentages of sperm motility and membrane integrity wereassessed daily. The results indicated that sperm suspended at a dilution of 1:9 can be stored at 4° C with ≥ 80% motilityand ≥ 65% membrane integrity for 7 and 6 days respectively. In addition, the results show that membrane integritydecreased more rapidly than motility, which suggests that it may be used as an early indicator of sperm damage duringshort-term cold storage. The results obtained are important to support future conservation programs of this trout.
THE EFFECT OF FAMILY CONTROL ON THE ACCOUNTING QUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIAN COMPANIES

This study examines the effect of family control on the accounting quality. Indonesia provides unique evidence due to concentrate of ownership, dominance family firms, and low accounting quality. This study finds that family control has a non-linier relation to the accounting quality. When the family control is low, the entrenchment effect is more dominant than the alignment effect to the accounting quality. However, when the family control is high, the alignment effect is more dominant than the entrenchment effect.
The Feasibility and Benefits of In Situ Exploration of ‘Oumuamua-like Objects

A rapid accumulation of observations and interpretation has followed in the wake of 1I ‘Oumuamua’s passage through the inner solar system. We briefly outline the consequences that this first detection of an interstellar asteroid implies for the planet-forming process, and we assess the near-term prospects for detecting and observing (both remotely and in situ) future solar system visitors of this type. Drawing on detailed heat-transfer calculations that take both ‘Oumuamua’s unusual shape and its chaotic tumbling into account, we affirm that the lack of a detectable coma in deep images of the object very likely arises from the presence of a radiation-modified coating of high molecular weight material (rather than a refractory bulk composition). Assuming that ‘Oumuamua is a typical representative of a larger population with a kinematic distribution similar to Population I stars in the local galactic neighborhood, we calculate expected arrival rates, impact parameters, and velocities of similar objects and assess their prospects for detection using operational and forthcoming facilities. Using ‘Oumuamua as a proof of concept, we assess the prospects for missions that intercept interstellar objects using conventional chemical propulsion. Using a “launch on detection” paradigm, we estimate wait times of order of 10 years between favorable mission opportunities with the detection capabilities of the Large-scale Synoptic Survey Telescope, a figure that will be refined as the population of interstellar asteroids becomes observationally better constrained.
fundamental frequencies Oestrous red deer hinds prefer male roars with higher

Supplementary data tml http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/suppl/2010/04/27/rspb.2010. 0467.DC1. h "Data Supplement" References ml#ref-list-1 http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/early/2010/04/23/rspb.2010. 0467.full. ht This article cites 43 articles, 9 of which can be accessed free P<P Published online 28 April 2010 in advance of the print journal. Subject collections (1923 articles) evolution  (1412 articles) behaviour  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections
Study on the Current Situation of College Students' Sleep Quality in China

In order to understand the current status of sleep quality of students in Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and to propose countermeasures. A simple random sampling method was used to select 255 university students as the survey subjects, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale was used as a tool to evaluate the quality of college students' sleep. The survey found that the average score of PSQI was about 7.6 points. There were 128 people above 7 points, which accounted for 50.2% of the total number of students. This indicated that the overall quality of sleep of the undergraduates was poorer; the quality of sleep for boys was better than that of girls, and the quality of sleep among rural college students was better than that of girls. Urban college students, seniors and undergraduates have worse sleep than sophomores and juniors. The sleep quality of students in Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is generally poor, and it is necessary to implement measures that target different populations for different demographic differences to achieve proper treatment and improve sleep quality.
Big shock, slow growth and the dynamics of aggregate labour demand with firing costs

This paper studies the dynamic properties of the labour demand model with non convex adjustment costs proposed by Bentolila and Bertola [1990]. With this model we evaluate the importance of the firing costs, following a great shock, for the dynamics of adjustment of the aggregated labour demand of a stationary state to an other. The model is calibrated on the French economy, and studies the transition following the shock of 1973-74,–i.e. a shock on the price of oil as well as the transition from a rapid and stable growth to a slow and uncertain one. We show that in this case, a drastic reduction of the firing costs when the shock occurs does not allow to modify substantially the path of the economy.
eview aba bean breeding for drought-affected environments : A physiological and gronomic perspective

The faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crop often experiences drought during its growth and development such that soil moisture deficits constrain its production. As droughts are predicted to increase in both frequency and intensity due to climate change, a better understanding of drought response patterns and associated traits is essential for obtaining yield stability in water-limited environments. This review deals with adaptation mechanisms associated with drought avoidance, escape and tolerance, with an emphasis on physiological traits such as stomatal conductance, carbon isotope discrimination and leaf temperature. Leaf temperature is considered an effective surrogate measure for other measures of stomatal characteristics. Drought tolerance through osmotic adjustment has not yet been demonstrated in faba bean although it is found in many other legumes including chickpea and pea. Deeper root growth, leading to uptake of otherwise unavailable water, helps the plant to avoid drought by delaying dehydration, but genetic variation and heritability of the trait are essentially unknown for faba bean. Crop management strategies, such as early planting, and appropriate phenology, are particularly important for drought escape in regions where terminal drought is common. Disease resistance is especially important in drought-prone areas to reduce the need for expensive control measures when yields are uncertain. The relevance of soil fertility status and nutrient availability are also covered. Drought escape and ascochyta blight resistance are important breeding objectives for terminal drought regions. Some form of drought resistance is necessary for the transient droughts experienced in most regions, and drought avoidance can be screened by a combination of leaf temperature or other rapid test of stomatal characteristics followed by carbon isotope discrimination in the most valuable materials. No single trait is adequate to improve yield in drought-prone environments, rather, a combination of characteristics is needed. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Release Strategies for Estuarine Species with Complex Migratory Life Cycles: Stock Enhancement of Chesapeake Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus)

Responsible stock enhancement requires rigorous experiments to develop release strategies that account for movement of all life-history stages among habitats across inshore-offshore and estuarine gradients. However, crab stock enhancement research to date has focused primarily on hatchery production, with only limited field assessments of the efficacy of releases to increase the target population. This paper summarizes ongoing research to develop effective release strategies for hatchery-reared juveniles to augment the spawning biomass of Chesapeake Bay blue crabs, which has declined > 80% in 15 years and appears to be recruitment limited. Our release experiments focused on three factors: (1) components of preparation and release, which included life stage and size at release, pre-release conditioning to minimize differences between hatchery and wild crabs, and micro-habitat and micro-timing of release; (2) stocking variables, particularly seasonal timing of release and stocking density; and (3) site selection and coordination, including release macro-habitat and location of release sites along environmental gradients, emphasizing coordination of release site and fishing pressure with migration corridors linking nurseries to spawning areas. In the first 5 years of research, we demonstrated that small (1,000–10,000) cohorts of hatchery reared, 20 mm, 7th-instar juvenile blue crabs can be tagged and released into small (1–10 ha) coves, and that these cohorts can be followed successfully to quantify growth, survivorship, and productivity of the enhanced population. We also determined the timing and routes of migration using a tag-reward system with the cooperation of fishers. Our multifaceted research strategy provides a model for responsible approaches to stock enhancement of other species with complex migratory life cycles.
Molecular binding in interacting quantum walks

We show that the presence of an interaction in the quantum walk of two atoms leads to the formation of a stable compound, a molecular state. The wave function of the molecule decays exponentially in the relative position of the two atoms; hence it constitutes a true bound state. Furthermore, for a certain class of interactions, we develop an effective theory and find that the dynamics of the molecule is described by a quantum walk in its own right. We propose a setup for the experimental realization as well as sketch the possibility to observe quasi-particle effects in quantum many-body systems.
Alliances and entry in a simple airline network

This paper constructs an entry and code-sharing alliances game to demonstrate that the alliance between the incumbent carriers may play a significant role of entry deterrence in a given airline network. We show that incumbents can use the alliances as a credible threat to deter the entry of the potential entrants who have no significant cost advantage. This finding suggests that the role of the alliance in entry deterrence should be considered carefully when governments promote and maintain competition in the deregulated airline network markets.
Challenges for Teaching and Learning Information and Communication Technology Courses in Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania: A Review

Teaching and learning ICT courses in higher learning institutions (HLIs) in Tanzania is facing various challenges. This study, examined challenges facing teaching and learning of ICT courses in HLIs in Tanzania. Variables including limited access of ICT hardware and software, weak government policies, poor ICT infrastructure, lack of competent ICT staff, poor institutions’ coordination and curriculum variation, high cost imposed on ICT tools, little government funding, reluctance to use ICT tools in teaching and learning, lack of practical training, limited capacity of ICT hardware and software were studies using quantitative approach. Thirteen (13) current papers (2010-2014) related to the study were reviewed to extract the challenges which appear most frequently. Percentages and frequencies of ten (10) studied variables were computed and presented using a table and bar graph. The findings show that limited access of ICT hardware and software, poor ICT infrastructure, lack of competent ICT staff, little government funding, lack of practical training and poor institutions’ coordination are significant challenges hindering teaching and learning of ICT courses in HLIs in Tanzania. The study recommends that, policy makers should sharply concentrate with first priority to tackle the most critical challenges instead of dealing with a multitude of challenges, an approach which may not be fruitful for quick improvement given limited resources facing the nation. Key words: Challenges, ICT, Higher Learning Institutions, Learning and Teaching
A Study of the Registered Nurse Labor Market: Wage, Job Satisfaction, and Labor Force Withdrawal

Li, Li M.S., Department of Economics, Wright State University, 2005. A Study of Labor Market for Registered Nurses: Wage, Job Satisfaction and the Labor Force Withdrawal. This paper examines the factors that explain differences in earnings among RN’s. In addition, it also looks at the factors that determine the level of job satisfaction among RN’s and examines the factors that determine the probability of leaving the nursing profession. The analysis of RN wage rates shows that nurses who have a 4-year college degree receive a wage premium. However, the results also show that the premium is reduced for nurses who are employed in hospitals. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that nursing wages are subject to monoposony power in a hospital setting. In fact, the reduction in the wage premium has increased over time which suggests that monopsony power has increased. The analysis of job satisfaction and of the probability of leaving the nursing profession reveal that subjective variables like job satisfaction contain useful information for predicting and understanding individual behavior. Job satisfaction is the most important variable in predicting the probability that a nurse will leave the nursing profession. Together these results suggest that the nursing shortage can be alleviated by policies that will result in higher wages for nurses as well as policies aimed at redesigning nurses’ jobs to give them a higher level of satisfaction.
First detection of cyanamide (NH2CN) towards solar-type protostars

Searches for the prebiotically relevant cyanamide (NH 2 CN) towards solar-type protostars have not been reported in the literature. We present here the first detection of this species in the warm gas surrounding two solar-type protostars, using data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS) of IRAS 16293-2422 B and observations from the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer of NGC 1333 IRAS2A. We also detected the deuterated and 13 C isotopologs of NH 2 CN towards IRAS 16293-2422 B. This is the first detection of NHDCN in the interstellar medium. Based on a local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis, we find that the deuteration of cyanamide (∼1.7%) is similar to that of formamide (NH 2 CHO), which may suggest that these two molecules share NH 2 as a common precursor. The NH 2 CN/NH 2 CHO abundance ratio is about 0.2 for IRAS 16293-2422 B and 0.02 for IRAS2A, which is comparable to the range of values found for Sgr B2. We explored the possible formation of NH 2 CN on grains through the NH 2 + CN reaction using the chemical model MAGICKAL. Grain-surface chemistry appears capable of reproducing the gas-phase abundance of NH 2 CN with the correct choice of physical parameters.
Intergenerational Income Mobility in Taiwan

This study uses the 2001 National Health Interview Survey data to measure intergenerational income mobility in Taiwan. Our main empirical results suggest that the intergenerational income elasticity is in the range of 0.17-0.23 for the relationship between fathers and sons. Comparing our estimates with studies on other countries, Taiwan has a higher rate of intergenerational income mobility than the United States, the United Kingdom and Brazil, but is closer to Canada, Japan, and Sweden. In addition, our results suggest that there is a positive trend in income mobility across different birth cohorts.
Seasonal patterns of reserve and soluble carbohydrates in mature sugar maple (Acer saccharum)

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) trees exhibit seasonal patterns of production, accumulation, and utilization of nonstructural carbohydrates that are closely correlated with phenological events and (or) physiological processes. The simultaneous seasonal patterns of both reserve and soluble carbohydrates in the leaves, twigs, branches, and trunks of healthy mature sugar maple trees were characterized. The concentrations of starch and soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, raffinose, and stachyose) were determined. Starch, the major reserve carbohydrate in sugar maple, is low during the active photosynthetic growth season. Starch is accumulated in the xylem ray tissues in late summer and early fall. During the cold season, there is a close relationship between starch hydrolysis- accumulation and temperature. Soluble sugars increase when starch concentrations decrease during the cold months, and these sugars may play a role in cold tolerance. Patterns of change in the stem tissues are similar to those in the root tissues but with slight differences in the timing.
Interactive comment on “Experimental analysis of drainage and water storage of litter layers” by A. Guevara-Escobar et al

We acknowledge with thanks the comments given by the Referees. The three reviewers raised important issues that need attention. The main concerns were: 1) that the experiment and analysis does not deal with the topic of slope stability and therefore the introduction and discussion should focus only on storage and interception, 2) the relation between the different tests and their rationale must be explained clearly, also the discussion presented is limited with regard to other work and the importance of the results presented, 3) explain why the Rutter model was used. Here we reply to the main comments. Other observations will be attended including resizing figures and incorporating captions within the graph.
Effect of Formaldehyde Treated Rape Seed Oil Cake Based Diet Supplemented with Molasses on Growth Rate and Histopathological Changes in Goats

An experiment with twenty crossbred goat kids (male) of 2-3 months old, weighing about 12 kg was conducted to study the effect of feeding formaldehyde treated rape seed oil cake based diet supplemented with molasses on growth rate and histopathological changes of different organs. Goats were randomly divided into four groups of 5 animals each and were individually fed for a period of 120 days. The animals in group I (URC) and II (URCM) were fed concentrate mixture (CM-I) containing untreated rape seed oil cake (30%) while, the animals in group III (TRC) and IV (TRCM) were offered concentrate mixture (CM-II) containing formaldehyde treated rape seed oil cake. Further, molasses as energy source was additionally supplemented with the concentrate mixture at the rate of 8% of concentrate mixture on dry matter basis to animals in group II and IV. All the animals were maintained on roughage (Berseem hay:wheat straw = 2:1) and concentrate in 50:50 ratio. Average daily gain (g/d) of animals in group IV was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in group I but at par with group II and III. Feed conversion efficiency was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in group IV(10.14) than group I and II but at par with group III. The growth rate however increased by 50.2% in group IV showing more consistency in maintaining highest growth rate due to better balance of nutrients. At the end of four months of feeding trial, two animals from each group were sacrificed for histopathological study of different organs. Significant histopathological changes in liver, heart, lungs tissue of animals fed untreated rape seed oil cake diet were recorded which were totally absent in the organ of animals fed formaldehyde treated cake. The liver tissue of goats receiving control diet (containing untreated rape seed oil cake) were found to be associated with engorged central vein and'blood vessels. Hepatocytes were swollen, pale and degenerated with cellular infiltration and fibrosis of portal areas. The muscles of heart were found to have intermyofibral edema. Emphysema accompanied by dilated and ruptured alveoli was also recorded in lung tissue. However, histopathological examination of various tissues of goats fed formaldehyde treated cake diet did not exhibit any degenerative changes. Additional supplementation of molasses with or without treated cake diet, apparently did not have any significant effect on ameliorating the above degenerative changes.
Firm Market Power and the Earnings Distribution

Using linked employer-employee data, I compute firm-level measures of the labor supply elasticity facing each private non-farm firm in the US. I provide the first direct evidence of the positive relationship between a firm's labor supply elasticity and the earnings of its workers. I also contrast the dynamic model method employed by this paper with the more traditional use of concentration ratios to measure a firm's labor market power. Finally, I construct a counterfactual earnings distribution which allows the effects of firm market power to vary across the earnings distribution.