Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relaciones familiares en la vejez: vínculos de los abuelos y de las abuelas con sus nietos y nietas en la infancia

En la sociedad actual estan aconteciendo una serie de cambios en la estructura de la familia, en su ciclo y evolucion, en los roles tradicionales, en la aparicion de nuevos roles y en las relaciones intergeneracionales. Esta situacion cambiante afecta al rol de abuelo y abuela y, en la actualidad, nadie cuestionara la importancia que estan adquiriendo los abuelos en las relaciones familiares, ya que el numero de personas que llegan a ser abuelos aumenta, asi como tambien crece el numero de anos que los abuelos pueden compartir con sus nietos. Estos cambios han hecho que la figura de los abuelos recupere su importancia dentro de la familia y adquiera un notable protagonismo y una valiosa funcion social produciendose una mayor integracion de los abuelos en la familia. En esta nueva situacion social y familiar resulta especialmente importante el estudio de las caracteristicas del rol de abuelo actual y de la relacion y actividades que comparte con su nieto. Con este articulo se pretende examinar la relacion abuelo nieto en la infancia, desde la perspectiva de los abuelos. Los resultados muestran que el vinculo afectivo de los abuelos con sus nietos es muy elevado existiendo un alto grado de satisfaccion por parte de los abuelos y las abuelas en la relacion que mantienen con sus nietos/as. Sin embargo, se han obtenido diferencias de genero siendo las abuelas quienes enfatizan mas la vinculacion emocional y diferencias en funcion de la edad de los nietos, existiendo una tendencia a una mayor frecuencia de contacto con nietos mas pequenos y, por tanto, a un mayor numero de actividades realizadas conjuntamente.
Photochemical oxidation of CVD-grown single layer graphene

CVD-grown single layer graphene undergoes rapid photochemical oxidation in the presence of ultraviolet light and oxygen. The oxidation results in a homogeneous decay of the graphitic material; no nanoscale line cracks or pits were observed with an atomic force microscope. The conductivity of the graphene film decreases with an increasing degree of oxidation. It is crucial to understand and enhance the photochemical stability of graphene for its long term use as a transparent conducting material.
Simultaneous stabilization based on output measurement

Based on a recent convex programming algorithm for simultaneous stabilization by linear state feedback, we propose two types of control law for stabilizing a family of systems, when either a simultaneously stabilizing state feedback gain or a simultaneously stabilizing output injection matrix exists, and complete state information is not available. The proposed control laws are illustrated by a numerical example.
Higher Level of Replication Efficiency of 2009 (H1N1) Pandemic Influenza Virus than Those of Seasonal and Avian Strains: Kinetics from Epithelial Cell Culture and Computational Modeling

ABSTRACT The pathogenicity and transmission of influenza A viruses are likely determined in part by replication efficiency in human cells, which is the net effect of complex virus-host interactions. H5N1 avian, H1N1 seasonal, and H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza virus strains were compared by infecting human differentiated bronchial epithelial cells in air-liquid interface cultures at relatively low virus particle/cell ratios. Differential equation and computational models were used to characterize the in vitro kinetic behaviors of the three strains. The models were calibrated by fitting experimental data in order to estimate difficult-to-measure parameters. Both models found marked differences in the relative values of p, the virion production rate per cell, and R 0, an index of the spread of infection through the monolayer, with the values for the strains in the following rank order (from greatest to least): pandemic strain, followed by seasonal strain, followed by avian strain, as expected. In the differential equation model, which treats virus and cell populations as well mixed, R 0 and p varied proportionately for all 3 strains, consistent with a primary role for productivity. In the spatially explicit computational model, R 0 and p also varied proportionately except that R 0 derived for the pandemic strain was reduced, consistent with constrained viral spread imposed by multiple host defenses, including mucus and paracrine antiviral effects. This synergistic experimental-computational strategy provides relevant parameters for identifying and phenotyping potential pandemic strains.
Robust control of quadrotor unmanned air vehicles

A robust control approach for a quadrotor helicopter is presented. The controller consists of two parts: an attitude controller and a position controller. The attitude controller is designed based on linear control combined with robust compensation. The linear controller is designed for the nominal system to achieve desired nominal performances, while the robust compensator is applied to restrain the effects of uncertainties and external disturbances. The position controller was realized with classical PD method. Experimental results on the Tsinghua Autonomous Quadrotor System (TAQS) which is developed in our laboratory demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed controller.
Contraindications to Combined Oral Contraceptives Among Over-the-Counter Compared With Prescription Users

OBJECTIVE: To compare the estimated proportion of contraindications to combined oral contraceptives between women who obtained combined oral contraceptives in U.S. public clinics compared with women who obtained combined oral contraceptives over the counter (OTC) in Mexican pharmacies. METHODS: We recruited a cohort of 501 women who were residents of El Paso, Texas, who obtained OTC combined oral contraceptives in Mexico and 514 women who obtained combined oral contraceptives from family planning clinics in El Paso. Based on self-report of World Health Organization category 3 and 4 contraindications and interviewer-measured blood pressure, we estimated the proportion of contraindications and, using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, identified possible predictors of contraindications. RESULTS: The estimated proportion of any category 3 or 4 contraindication was 18%. Relative contraindications (category 3) were more common among OTC users (13% compared with 9% among clinic users, P=.006). Absolute contraindications (category 4) were not different between the groups (5% for clinic users compared with 7% for OTC users, P=.162). Hypertension was the most prevalent contraindication (5.6% of clinic users and 9.8% of OTC users). After multivariable adjustment, OTC users had higher odds of having contraindications compared with clinic users (odds ratio [OR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–2.29). Women aged 35 years or older (OR 5.30, 95% CI 3.59–7.81) and those with body mass index 30.0 or more (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.40–3.56) also had higher odds of having contraindications. CONCLUSION: Relative combined oral contraceptive contraindications are more common among OTC users in this setting. Progestin-only pills might be a better candidate for the first OTC product given their fewer contraindications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
A study of the toxicity of the protamine, salmine.

The protamine, salmine, has become widely known in the combined form, protamine-insulin. It has been generally assumed that the protamines are non-toxic. Vartiainen and Marble (1941) found that the median lethal dose of salmine subcutaneously in mice and rabbits was 200-300 mg. /kg. and concluded that it was non-toxic in ordinary doses-a view supported by its widespread clinical use with no allergic or other side-actions. Reiner, de Beer, and Green (1942) found an LD50 of 94 mg. /kg. in mice with protamine (presumably salmine ? ). Ahlstrom and von Euler (1946) have reported essentially similar results with rats and guinea-pigs, using salmine and also the related protamines, clupein and scombrin. A second possible clinical use of protamine is as an antidote for heparin, first suggested by Chargaff and Olsen (1937) and reported by Jorpes, Edman, and Thaning (1939). As the protamine for this purpose will probably be given intravenously, it raises the question of possible toxicity by this route. Thompson (1900) reported that the intravenous injection of the protamine, clupein, gave markedly toxic reactions in the narcotized dog, 15-18 mg. /kg. killing the animals. The injection ofsmaller amounts of protamine caused a definite and relatively prompt fall in blood pressure, which returned to normal in 25-30 minutes. In addition to the fall in blood pressure, the respirations became markedly increased in rate and depth, and were followed by a period of apnoea. Thompson also noted a delayed clotting of the blood and a leucopenia. Jappelli (1933) confirmed Thompson's results with salmine using the unanaesthetized dog, as did Jaques, Charles, and Best (1938); 5 mg. salmine sulphate per kg. caused a pronounced fall in blood pressure and dyspnoea. However, they found that this protamine had relatively little effect on guineapigs, and this led to the present investigations. Shelley, Hodgkins, and Visscher (1942) reported that intravenous or intracardiac injection of 120 mg. /kg. * Read in part before the British Pharmacological Society, London, July 26, 1947. of protamine into rats and guinea-pigs caused death in three minutes with typical anaphylactoid symptoms. The same dose subcutaneously caused death in approximately three hours. As indicated below these results of Shelley et al. are not in serious disagreement with those obtained by Jaques, Charles, and Best and by Vartiainen and Marble.
SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE NATURAL HISTORY AND CULTURE OF GILA CHUB

I studied habitat preferences of Gila chub in a canyon-bound system (Bonita Creek) and a marsh system (Cienega Creek). Gila chub in Bonita Creek, frequently occurred in a broader range of habitat types and conditions than Gila chub in Cienega Creek. Gila chub in Cienega Creek were highly pool oriented. In contrast, Gila chub in Bonita Creek generally preferred, or used in proportion, swifter shallower habitat types. Segregation between size classes in relation to habitat variables was noted, but was less than expected. I studied other life-history characteristics as well and found reproduction commencing in February, peaking in spring, and dropping off as summer begins. Spawning in the fall is suggested by the presence of small YOY and gonad development. I also evaluated methods to spawn and rear Gila chub. Following initial spawning, Gila chub spawned consistently in the laboratory without hormonal, chemical, photoperiod, or drastic temperature and substrate manipulation, during all times of the year. Spawns were noted at temperatures ranging from about 15 to 26°C but spawning above 24°C occurred infrequently. Larval Gila chub fed a commercial diet grew the same or slightly better than those fed thawed Artemia sp. nauplii, and significantly better than those fed chicken Gallus domesticus egg-yolk powder, but survived significantly better when fed Artemia. Despite the latter, observations suggest Artemia nauplii may be difficult for first-feeding larval Gila chub to handle. Thawed chironomid sp. larvae clearly outperformed prepared commercial feeds for small and large juvenile Gila chub with respect to growth. Growth of larval Gila chub was highest at 28oC and lowest at 32oC, while survival of larval Gila chub was highest at 24oC and lowest at 20oC. Spinal deformities were common (about 47%) for larval Gila chub reared at 32oC but generally uncommon for those reared at lower temperatures. Water temperatures from 20-28oC appear
Classification des structures CR invariantes pour les groupes de Lie compacts

Let G0 be a compact Lie group of dimension N whose Lie algebra is g0 . The notion of CR structure on a C∞ manifold is known a long time ago. In this note we are interested by the CR stuctures on G0 which are invariant by the left action of the group on the tangent bundle and which are of maximal rank. Such a structure is defined by its fibre h at the neutral element which is a subalgebra of the complexification g of g0 whose dimension is the entire part [N/2] of N/2 and whose intersection with g0 is equal to {0} . Up to conjugation by the adjoint group of g0 , these subalgebras are classified. When N is even, there is only one type, type CR0. When N is odd, there are two types, type CR0 and type CRI . These types are given in terms of Cartan subalgebras and root systems. In any case, these subalgebras are solvable. Following [3], we introduce the notion of CR structures which are G0 -invariant and invariant by the transverse action of a G0 -invariant Lie subgroup. When this group is commutative, we get the notion of G0 -rigidity. We then prove, when N is odd, that a G0 -invariant CR structure, of maximal rank, is G0 -rigid if and only if the fibre of the CR structure at the neutral element, is of type CR0. Following [13], we introduce the canonical fibre bundle K of a G0 -invariant CR structure, of maximal rank, when N is odd. We prove that K contains a closed G0 -invariant form if and only if the fibre of the CR structure at the neutral element, is of type CR0 or type CRII . As for type CR0 and CRI , the CRII type is defined up to conjugation by the adjoint group of g0 in terms of Cartan subalgebras an root systems. In fact, every subalgebra of type CRII is of type CRI .
A multicenter assessment of the adequacy of cancer pain treatment using the pain management index.

PURPOSES Determine adequacy of management of pain secondary to bone metastases by physicians referring to specialized outpatient palliative radiotherapy (RT) clinics in Canada; compare geographic differences in adequacy of pain management and pain severity between these cohorts; compare results with published international literature. METHODS Prospectively collected data from three participating centers were used to calculate the Pain Management Index (PMI) by subtracting the patient-rated pain score at time of initial clinic visit from the analgesic score. Scores were 0, 1, 2, and 3 when patients reported no pain (0), mild (1-4), moderate (5-6), or severe pain (7-10), respectively, on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System or Brief Pain Inventory. Analgesic scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 were assigned for no pain medication, nonopioids, weak opioids, and strong opioids respectively. A negative PMI suggests inadequate pain management. RESULTS Overall incidence of negative PMI and moderate to severe pain was 25.1% and 70.9% respectively for 2011 patients. Comparing the three participating centers, the incidence of negative PMI was 31.0%, 20.0%, and 16.8% (p < 0.0001), and severe pain was 55.5%, 48.2% and 43.4% (p < 0.0001), these correlated with a negative PMI. Patients referred to our clinics were less likely to be undertreated for their pain when compared to study results from international countries. CONCLUSION Geographic differences in adequacy of analgesic management for painful bone metastases exist between Canadian specialized outpatient palliative RT clinics and between centers globally. Investigating reasons for these differences may provide insight into solutions to improve quality of life for these patients.
Disruption of rpmJ Encoding Ribosomal Protein L36 Decreases the Expression of secY Upstream of the spc Operon and Inhibits Protein Translocation in Escherichia coli

The spc operon of Escherichia coli encodes 11 ribosomal proteins and SecY. The secY gene and downstream rpmJ encoding a ribosomal protein, L36, are located distal to the promoter of the spc operon. It has been suggested that the stability of SecY mRNA depends on rpmJ unless a ρ-independent terminator is inserted immediately downstream of secY. Moreover, it has been suggested that RpmJ is dispensable for E. coli. We constructed rpmJ null strains, AY101 (ΔrpmJ::tetA) and AY201 (ΔrpmJ::cat), by replacing rpmJ with tetA, which encodes a membrane protein responsible for tetracycline-resistance, and cat, which encodes a cytoplasmic chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, respectively. Depletion of RpmJ did not inhibit protein synthesis, whereas the growth of AY101 was defective at high temperatures. The level of SecY mRNA decreased significantly in both disruptants even though the ρ-independent terminator was inserted immediately downstream of secY. Some periplasmic proteins were missing in the disruptants with a concomitant increase in the amount of phage shock protein in the inner membrane. These phenotypes caused by the rpmJ null mutation were corrected by a plasmid carrying secY, but not by one carrying rpmJ.
Mixed Finite Element Methods for Smooth Domain Formulation of Crack Problems

The discretization by finite element methods of a new variational formulation of crack problems is considered. The new formulation, called the smooth domain method, is derived for crack problems in the case of an elastic membrane. Inequality type boundary conditions are prescribed at the crack faces. The resulting model takes the form of a unilateral contact problem on the crack. We study and implement various mixed finite element methods for the numerical approximation of the model. A priori error estimates are derived, and results of computations are provided. The convergence rates obtained from the numerical simulations are in agreement with the theoretical estimates.
Inhibition of Candida parapsilosis Mitochondrial Respiratory Pathways Enhances Susceptibility to Caspofungin

ABSTRACT Among the Candida species, Candida parapsilosis has a unique mitochondrial respiratory network. The addition of inhibitors of the respiratory pathways in three clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis with high (≥2- μg/ml) MICs of caspofungin significantly (fivefold) decreased caspofungin MICs but did not change fluconazole MICs.
Oral Donepezil Reduces Hypersensitivity after Nerve Injury by a Spinal Muscarinic Receptor Mechanism

Background:Cholinesterase inhibitors which reach the central nervous system produce pain relief but are poorly tolerated because of gastrointestinal side effects. Here, the authors tested whether donepezil, a central nervous system penetrant cholinesterase inhibitor with a low incidence of gastrointestinal side effects, would relieve hypersensitivity in an animal model of neuropathic pain. Methods:Male rats were anesthetized, and the L5 and L6 spinal nerves were ligated unilaterally. Hypersensitivity was measured by withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament application to the hind paw after oral donepezil, and antagonists administered centrally and peripherally. Efficacy of chronic oral donepezil to relieve hypersensitivity was tested, and activation of G proteins by M2 muscarinic receptors was determined by carbachol-stimulated [35S]guanosine triphosphate γS autoradiography in brain and spinal cord. Results:Spinal nerve ligation resulted in hypersensitivity that was more severe ipsilateral than contralateral to surgery. Oral donepezil reduced hypersensitivity bilaterally in a dose-dependent manner for 2 h, and this effect was blocked by spinal but not supraspinal or peripheral muscarinic receptor antagonism. Oral donepezil maintained efficacy over 2 weeks of twice daily administration, and this treatment did not lead to desensitization of muscarinic receptor–coupled G proteins in brain or spinal cord. Conclusions:Donepezil, a well-tolerated cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer dementia, reduces hypersensitivity in this rat model of neuropathic pain by actions on muscarinic receptors in the spinal cord. Lack of tolerance to this effect, in contrast to rapid tolerance to direct receptor agonists, suggests that cholinesterase inhibition may be useful in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Conditional, floxed allele of the Krox20 gene

Krox20, initially identified as an immediate early serum response gene, encodes a transcription factor with a C2H2-type zinc finger DNA-binding domain (Chavrier et al., 1988, 1990). During mouse development, Krox20 is expressed in two rhombomeres (r3 and r5) of the segmented hindbrain and the neural crest derived from r5 (Schneider-Maunoury et al., 1993; Wilkinson et al., 1989), in immature and myelinating Schwann cells (Topilko et al., 1994), in hypertrophic chondrocytes and differentiating osteoblasts (Levi et al., 1996), and in hair follicles (Gambardella et al., 2000). In the adult, Krox20 expression has been shown to be maintained in myelinating Schwann cells and in the bones and has been observed in various other tissues, including specific neuronal populations of the cortex (Herdegen et al., 1993; Williams et al., 1995). Two Krox20 null mutant alleles, Krox20 and Krox20, have been previously generated by insertion of the E. coli lacZ gene and of the Cre recombinase gene, respectively, into the Krox20 locus (Schneider-Maunoury et al., 1993; Voiculescu et al., 2000). In homozygous mutants, hindbrain segments, r3 and r5, are eliminated (Schneider-Maunoury et al., 1993, 1997; Voiculescu et al., 2001), myelination is impaired in the peripheral nervous system (Topilko et al., 1994), and endochondral bone formation is affected (Levi et al., 1996). However, postnatal lethality prevented the analysis of late functions of Krox20. To investigate the role of Krox20 in the adult, we have generated a floxed allele (Sauer, 1998) that will be used to create conditional mutations. The second exon of the Krox20 gene encodes the largest part of the protein, including the DNA-binding domain. This exon was floxed by inserting a loxP site within the preceding intron and a floxed neoR cassette 3 of the gene (Fig. 1A). The targeting vector was electroporated into embryonic stem (ES) cells (CK35 line derived from the 129/SV Pasteur strain; Camus et al., 1996) and two out of 350 neo resistant ES cell clones were shown to contain a targeted allele (Krox20) by Southern blotting analysis (Fig. 1B). After injection of the recombinant ES cells into C57Bl6 blastocysts, mouse germ line transmission was obtained for one of them. The Krox20 line was established in a mixed C57Bl6/DBA2 background. As the neoR cassette could potentially interfere with Krox20 expression, Krox20 compound heterozygotes were generated. Indeed, analysis of lacZ expression in the hindbrain of 8.5 dpc embryos revealed that r3 is smaller in Krox20 embryos than in Krox20 embryos, whereas r5 is not affected (Fig.
Emerging roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate as a dynamic lipid second messenger

Abstract The lipid products of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) are involved in many cellular responses such as proliferation, migration and survival. Disregulation of PI3K-activated pathways is implicated in different disease including diabetes and cancer. Among the different products of PI3Ks, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns-3,4,5-P3) has a well established role in signal transduction whereas the monophosphate phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns-3-P) has been considered for a long time just a cellular component confined in endosomal structures. Only recently several evidence have indicated that PtdIns-3-P can also act as a dynamic intracellular second messenger. The role of PtdIns-3-P as mediator of crucial intracellular signals is therefore just beginning to be appreciated. Here we review some of the latest evidence showing that pools of PtdIns-3-P can be generated upon cellular stimulation in compartments different from the “classical” endosomal region. We describe several proteins that can be targets in mediating signals deriving from such stimulated PtdIns-3-P pools. In addition we describe the potential mechanism of switching on and off such signals. Taken together all this evidence suggest a novel, key role for PtdIns-3-P in signal transduction.