Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of aggression amongst Nigerian University students in Niger Delta region

There is genuine concern over social violence and aggression among youths in many countries. Despite considerable efforts directed toward molding the pattern of model behavior, frequent disturbances and various antisocial vices among youths in our environment may be due to failure to acknowledge the risk factors associated with aggression. The objective of this study was to assess the level of aggressive traits among students in higher institutions, as well as identifying the possible predictive factors. Using a two-stage random sampling method, 515 fifteen students, comprising 306 from arts and 209 from medicine faculties, University of Uyo were screened for aggressive traits; using Buss-Perry Aggression (BPAQ) Questionnaire. A total of 306 arts students and 209 medical students fully completed the questionnaire. Among the arts students, 127 (41.5%) were males and 179 (58.5%) females. Similarly, of the 209 medical students, 143 (68.4%) were males and 66 (31.6%) females. The mean age for arts students was 28.7 years (SD = 7.9); while that of medical students was 23.6 years (SD = 4.9). The difference in the mean was statistically significant (t = 8.15, P = 0.001). A total of 139 (45 .4%) of arts students showed abnormal overall score for aggression as against 74 (35.4%) of medical students. This difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 5.139, P = 0.01). There was also significant difference in the physical and verbal aggression subscales as 123 (40.2%) of arts against 53 (25.4%) medical students showed physical aggression (χ2 = 12.15, P = 0.001), while 82 (26.8%) against 109 (52.2%) showed verbal aggression (χ2 = 34.218, P = 0.001). Verbal aggression was positively correlated with female students; males have 2.98 odds ratio of being aggressive (P = 0.001). There is a high level of aggressive traits among students in higher institutions of learning. This can manifest in behaviors and vices capable of disturbing public peace and academic activities in schools. Therefore, there is need to curb aggression in order to create conducive learning environment and maintain societal norms.
Artificial neural network model for the flow regime recognition in the drying of guava pieces in the spouted bed

Abstract In this article, an artificial neural network model (ANN) was developed for the flow regime recognition in the spouted bed dryer. Instabilities and changes were observed in the hydrodynamics of the bed during the drying of guava pieces with deformability and variation in physical properties. Changes in the Archimedes number and Littman parameter directly affected the hydrodynamics of the bed. Experimental data on the variation of the properties of the dried guava pieces were used to obtain the fluid dynamics parameters this was also used as an input data in the ANN model whereas the operating regime of the spouted bed dryer, fixed-,fluidized-,spouted-, and slugging beds were the output model variables. The architecture of the neural network model was selected using the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). The optimized neural model achieved a recognition accuracy of 86% for the fixed and fluidized beds and 99% for the spouted and slugging beds.
Ionizing non-fatal whole-body irradiation inhibits Ca2+-dependent K+ channels in endothelial cells of rat coronary artery: Possible contribution to depression of endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of ionizing irradiation on large conductance Ca2+-dependent potassium (BKCa) channels in rat coronary endothelial cells. Materials and methods: Rats were exposed to a 6 Gy dose from a cobalt60 source. Experimental design of this study comprised recording of contractile force using isolated rat aortic rings and whole-cell patch clamp techniques to study whole-cell potassium currents in isolated rat coronary artery endothelial cells. Results: It has been shown that outward potassium currents in endothelial cells 9 days after irradiation appear to be suppressed or even totally abolished. The reversal potential for these currents in irradiated cells was shifted to more positive values. Paxilline (500 nM), an inhibitor of BKCa channels, had no or only a negligible effect on irradiated cells. The experiments using isolated aortic rings demonstrated that both paxilline and irradiation significantly shifted the acetylcholine dependent concentration-relaxation response curve to the right. Irradiated tissues were insensitive to paxilline. Conclusion: The results suggest that non-fatal, whole-body γ-irradiation suppresses large conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels, which control the driving force for Ca2+ entry and therefore Ca2+ dependent nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in endothelial cells. This may contribute, in part, to radiation-induced endothelium dysfunction and an increase in arterial blood pressure.
Running title : GATA 2 mutations in bi CEBPA AML 1 GATA 2 zinc finger 1 mutations associated with biallelic CEBPA mutations define a unique genetic entity of acute myeloid leukemia *

Philipp A Greif, Annika Dufour, Nikola P Konstandin, Bianka Ksienzyk, Evelyn Zellmeier, Belay Tizazu, Jutta Sturm, Tobias Benthaus, Tobias Herold, Marjan Yaghmaie, Petra Dörge, Karl-Peter Hopfner, Andreas Hauser, Alexander Graf, Stefan Krebs, Helmut Blum, Purvi M Kakadia, Stephanie Schneider, Eva Hoster, Friederike Schneider, Martin Stanulla, Jan Braess, Maria Cristina Sauerland, Wolfgang E Berdel, Thomas Büchner, Bernhard J Woermann, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Karsten Spiekermann and Stefan K Bohlander
Time domain dielectric relaxation study on charging and discharging current of barium stannate titanate ferroelectric ceramics

Time domain measurement is an indispensable experimental method for ultralow frequency region (even lower than 1 Hz) and nonlinearity study of ferroelectric materials. The charging and discharging currents of BaTi1-xSnxO3 (BTS) ceramics have been collected in both paraelectric and ferroelectric phases. Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) relation with two parameters (β and τ) was employed in discharging current analysis. Our results show that the higher β values in paraelectric phase indicate near Debye relaxation behavior, and lower β values in ferroelectric phase tie with possible diffusion controlled universal relaxation law (URL).
Mutational analysis of the conserved basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus tat protein

The tat trans-activators encoded by the known strains of primate immunodeficiency virus share a conserved, highly basic protein domain. Mutagenesis of this sequence in the tat gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is shown here to reduce, but not eliminate, the trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific gene expression. The degree of inhibition is shown to vary in a dose-dependent manner and is most marked at low levels of tat expression. Multiple mutations of the basic domain of tat were found to impair both the in vivo stability and the nuclear localization of the tat protein. It is proposed that this protein domain serves to efficiently target the tat gene product to its appropriate site or substrate within the nucleus of expressing cells.
Metabolomics Approach for Hazard Identification in Human Health Assessment of Environmental Chemicals

Exposure to xenobiotics induces complex biochemical responses in mammalian cells resulting in several perturbations in cellular toxicity pathways. Within the context of systems biology, such biochemical perturbations can be studied individually using “omics” approaches such as toxicogenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics (Heijne et al., 2005). The objective of this chapter is to examine how the metabolomics approach can be used in identifying the risk posed by environmental chemicals to human health using selective examples of organ toxicity. Metabolomics is a medium-to-high throughput technique employing predominantly mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology (Roux et al., 2011) for the identification and characterization of endogenous metabolites of low molecular weight (<1800 Da) arising from different biochemical pathways either as primary or secondary metabolites (Idle & Gonzalez, 2007). The sum total of all small metabolites is referred to as the “metabolome”. Metabolomics has also been applied to the identification of low molecular weight, exogenous metabolites of xenobiotics (Roux et al., 2011; Rubino et al., 2009). With these capabilities, metabolomics represents a relatively quick and informative approach for assessing the physiological response to environmental chemicals.
Long-term effects of internet-supported cognitive behaviour therapy

ABSTRACT Introduction: Internet-supported and therapist-guided cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is effective for a range of problems in the short run, but less is known about the long-term effects with follow-ups of two years or longer. Areas covered: This paper reviews studies in which the long-term effects of guided ICBT were investigated. Following literature searches in PubMed and other sources meta-analytic statistics were calculated for 14 studies involving a total of 902 participants, and an average follow-up period of three years. Studies were from Sweden (n = 11) or the Netherlands (n = 3). Long-term outcome studies were found for panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, mixed anxiety and depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, pathological gambling, stress and chronic fatigue. The duration of the treatments was usually short (8–15 weeks). The pre-to follow-up effect size was Hedge’s g = 1.52, but with a significant heterogeneity. The average symptom improvement across studies was 50%. Treatment seeking in the follow-up period was not documented and few studies mentioned negative effects. Expert commentary: While effects may be overestimated, it is likely that therapist-supported ICBT can have enduring effects. Long-term follow-up data should be collected for more conditions and new technologies like smartphone-delivered treatments.
Welfare State Myths and Measurement

Myths about welfare states and their effects on economic development abound. In this paper, we rebut three central, related myths: that the current American welfare state is unusually small, that the United States has always been a welfare state laggard, and that the welfare state undermines productivity and economic growth. Very reasonable changes in measurement reveal that all three beliefs are untrue. The American welfare state appears relatively small only by restricting the comparison to rich nations, ignoring employer-provided health insurance, pensions, and public education, and measuring size relative to GDP, rather than on a real per capita basis. The inclusion of public education turns the United States from a laggard to a leader in welfare state development. Including public education and public health as well as cash benefits suggests that welfare state programs as a whole enhance the productivity of capitalism and spur economic development.Comments on this paper can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2566430.
PENERAPAN MODEL UNIFIED THEORY OF ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF TECHNOLOGY DI KOTA DENPASAR

E-Filing is one of the outcomes of taxation system modernization, issued by Directorate General of Taxes in order to facilitatetax administration in Indonesia. However, it is necessary for taxpayers to conduct adjustment in applying the new system. This research aims to ascertain the factors affecting the interest in using e-Filing by applying Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). UTAUT model used in this study consists of 4 factors, in which performance expectations, business expectations, social factors and conditions that facilitate are used as independent variables, and the interest on utilizing e-Filing as dependent variable. This research is conducted in Denpasar, using accidental samplingas sampling technique. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to taxpayers who use e-Filingand analysed with multiple linear regression analysis.The results showed that performance expectation, business expectation, social factors, and conditions that facilitate affected the interest in using e-Filing positively and significantly.
Open Innovation: A New Paradigm for Understanding Industrial Innovation

The book Open Innovation describes an innovation paradigm shift from a closed to an open model. Based on close observation of a small number of companies, the book documents a number of practices associated with this new paradigm. That book was written for managers of industrial innovation processes, and the work has received significant attention among managers. To the extent that such managers are able to assess the utility of new approaches, Open Innovation has achieved a certain degree of face validity within at least a small portion of high technology industries. Open Innovation has taken on greater saliency in light of the debate about globalization and the potential for the R&D function itself to become outsourced, as the manufacturing function was 20 years earlier.
WBC‐reduced platelet concentrates from pooled buffy coats in additive solution: an evaluation of in vitro and in vivo measures

BACKGROUND: The use of a platelet additive solution (PAS‐II, Baxter) may have benefits over plasma for storage of platelets. It was the aim of this study to develop a method to produce WBC‐reduced platelet concentrates (PCs) in PAS‐II with >240 × 109 platelets and <1 × 106 WBCs per unit, which can be stored for 5 days at pH >6.8 and that will give sufficient platelet increments after transfusion: a 1‐hour CCI of >7.5 and a 20‐hour CCI of >2.5.
Thermal Profiling of Residential Energy Use

This work describes a methodology for informing targeted demand-response (DR) and marketing programs that focus on the temperature-sensitive part of residential electricity demand. Our methodology uses data that is becoming readily available at utility companies-hourly energy consumption readings collected from “smart” electricity meters, as well as hourly temperature readings. To decompose individual consumption into a thermal-sensitive part and a base load (non-thermally-sensitive), we propose a model of temperature response that is based on thermal regimes, i.e., unobserved decisions of consumers to use their heating or cooling appliances. We use this model to extract useful benchmarks that compose thermal profiles of individual users, i.e., terse characterizations of the statistics of these users' temperature-sensitive consumption. We present example profiles generated using our model on real consumers, and show its performance on a large sample of residential users. This knowledge may, in turn, inform the DR program by allowing scarce operational and marketing budgets to be spent on the right users-those whose influencing will yield highest energy reductions-at the right time. We show that such segmentation and targeting of users may offer savings exceeding 100% of a random strategy.
Extracting Wood Properties From Structured THz Spectra: Birefringence and Water Content

Transmission terahertz (THz) spectroscopy on heterogeneous materials often shows structured spectra due to interference of waves passing through the object along different optical paths. Of special interest is wood with its strong birefringence and pronounced orientation-dependent structure. In this paper, we show that at specific polarization angles, the THz transmission spectra show gaps at distinct frequencies. The frequency changes of these gaps can be used for a fast and accurate determination of the dependence of birefringence on humidity. We present results for spruce and beech with different sample thicknesses and orientations, and study and model their optical properties as a function of water content.
“Large Cell/Anaplastic” Medulloblastomas: A Pediatric Oncology Group Study

495 medulloblastomas (MBs) from 6 Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) protocols were reviewed to assess the incidence and prognostic significance of “large cell” and “anaplastic” variants. “Large cell” medulloblastomas (LC MBs) were those with focal or diffuse, large, round neoplastic cells with prominent nucleoli. “Anaplastic” MBs (A MBs) were those with nuclei that were also large but markedly atypical with coarse chromatin and irregular shapes. Twenty-one cases were identified in the combined LC/A MB group, comprising about 4% of all MBs. Survival curves and Kaplan–Meier estimates of survival probabilities were examined separately for the LC/A MB and control groups. The logrank test for detecting poorer survival in the 21 cases was significant (p < 0.0001). Fluorescence in situ hybridization for c-myc showed amplification in 4 of 11 cases of the LC/A phenotype and 1 additional case of high level gain at 8q24 was disclosed by comparative genomic hybridization. Comparative genomic hybridization confirmed c-myc amplification and found evidence for isochromosome 17q in 3 of 4 LC/A cases studied successfully. One additional tumor showed high level gain restricted to 2p13 consistent with n-myc amplification. Monosomy 22, common in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, was not found. These results suggest that LC/A MB phenotype could be, at least in part, a correlate of c-myc, and possibly n-myc, amplification. The study thus confirms original observations about the LC MB in regard to histological features, immunohistochemical findings, c-myc amplification, cytogenetic findings, and poor prognosis.
The role of self‐efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease management: Preliminary validation of a disease‐specific measure

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) require self‐management skills that may be influenced by self‐efficacy (SE). Self‐efficacy represents an individual's perception of his or her ability to organize and execute the behaviors necessary to manage disease. The goal of this study was to develop a valid and reliable measure of IBD‐specific SE that can be used in clinical and research contexts. Methods: One hundred and twenty‐two adults with a verified IBD diagnosis participated in the study. Data were pooled from 2 sources: patients from an outpatient university gastroenterology clinic (n = 42) and a sample of online respondents (n = 80). All participants (N = 122) completed the IBD Self‐Efficacy Scale (IBD‐SES) and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire. Additionally, online participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18 and the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, whereas those in the clinic sample completed the Perceived Health Competence Scale, the Perceived Stress Questionnaire, and the Short Form Version 2 Health Survey. Results: The IBD‐SES was initially constructed to identify 4 distinct theoretical domains of self‐efficacy: (1) managing stress and emotions, (2) managing medical care, (3) managing symptoms and disease, and (4) maintaining remission. The 29‐item IBD‐SES has high internal consistency (r = 0.96), high test‐retest reliability (r = 0.90), and demonstrates strong construct and concurrent validity with established measures. Conclusions: The IBD‐SES is a critical first step toward addressing an important psychological construct that could influence treatment outcomes in IBD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011)
Model-Free Discretisation-Invariant Swap Contracts

Realised pay-offs for discretisation-invariant swaps are those which satisfy a restricted `aggregation property' of Neuberger [2012] for twice continuously differentiable deterministic functions of a multivariate martingale. They are initially characterised as solutions to a second-order system of PDEs, then those pay-offs based on martingale and log-martingale processes alone form a vector space. Hence there exist an infinite variety of other variance and higher-moment risk premia that are less prone to bias than standard variance swaps because their option replication portfolios have no discrete-monitoring or jump errors. Their fair values are also independent of the monitoring partition. A sub-class consists of pay-offs with fair values that are further free from numerical integration errors over option strikes. Here exact pricing and hedging is possible via dynamic trading strategies on a few vanilla puts and calls. An S&P 500 empirical study on higher-moment and other DI swaps concludes.
On the Equivalence of Generative and Discriminative Formulations of the Sequential Dependence Model

The sequential dependence model (SDM) is a popular retrieval model which is based on the theory of probabilistic graphical models. While it was originally introduced by Metzler and Croft as a Markov Random Field (aka discriminative probabilistic model), in this paper we demonstrate that it is equivalent to a generative probabilistic model. To build an foundation for future retrieval models, this paper details the axiomatic underpinning of the SDM model as discriminative and generative probabilistic model. The only difference arises whether model parameters are estimated in log-space or Multinomial-space. We demonstrate that parameter-estimation with grid-tuning is negatively impacting the generative formulation, an effect that vanishes when parameters are estimated with coordinate-gradient descent. This is concerning, since empirical differences may be falsely attributed to improved models.
Anxiety (drive) and verbal learning. Implications for research and some methodological considerations.

The methodological adequacy of the work considered as experimental tests of the Taylor-Spence drive theory is examined. Pertinent research involving verbal learning (serial, paired-associate, and transfer) paradigms is reviewed in the context of recent methodological and theoretical developments in verbal learning. Sources of potential confounding are highlighted in addition to suggested refinements in methodology which permit more adequate tests of the Taylor-Spence theory.
UVR Emissions from Solaria in Australia and Implications for the Regulation Process

To assist in the development of the 2008 Australian/New Zealand standard on solaria and related regulations, Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency scientists visited a number of tanning establishments during 2008 to measure the intensity and spectral distribution of the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) emissions from a range of solaria. The 2002 Australian/New Zealand Standard “Solaria for cosmetic purposes” (AS/NZS 2635) allowed a maximum UVR output from solaria of UV Index 60, a compromise between the solarium industry who wanted no upper limit and the health agencies who wanted to limit intensity. Of the 20 solaria examined in detail, only one had emissions of intensity less than UV Index 12, typical of mid‐latitude summer sunlight, 15 units emitted more than UV Index 20, while three units emitted at intensities above UV Index 36, the maximum allowed by the new standard, AS/NZS 2635 (2008) and would thus not comply. UVA emissions ranged from 98 W · m−2 up to a maximum of 438 W · m−2, more than six times the UVA content of mid‐latitude summer sunshine. The results indicate that solaria users in Australia have access to solaria that are high intensity units with both significantly higher UVB and UVA emissions than sunlight, with implications for resultant adverse health effects.