Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh beberapa indeks saham global dan indikator makroekonomi terhadap pergerakan IHSG

In 2007, the financial crisis occurred in the USA and in 2008-2009, it caused the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) to decline which led to the fall of the Dow Jones Index. This eco-nomic condition affected all of the countries including Indonesia, as well as without ex-ception the capital markets industries. This study is mainly to determine the effect of several global stock indices and macroeconomic indicators on JCI. The global stock indic-es and macroeconomic indicators used in this study are: the Dow Jones Industrial Aver-age Index, Nikkei 225 index, Shanghai Composite Index, FTSE100 index, oil prices, gold prices, exchange rate IDR/USD, BI rate, and inflation, that were taken monthly from 2009 until 2014. This research used multiple linear regression analysis. The result indi-cates that the Dow Jones Industrial Average index, Nikkei 225 index, gold prices, and inflation give the positive effect to JCI, while Shanghai Composite index, FTSE100 index, oil prices, exchange rate IDR/USD, and BI rate give the negative effect to JCI. The next research can add some variable index of Asia Pacific countries such as: Hang Seng Index, Kospi Index, BSE index and macroeconomic indicator variables such as GDP.
Two essays in corporate finance

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. iv VITA. v LIST OF TABLES. ix LIST OF FIGURES. x CHAPTER 1: Introduction . 1 CHAPTER 2: Why does shareholder wealth increase when foreign firms announce their listing in the U.S.? 4 2.
The Rib Epiphysis and Other Growth Centers as Indicators of the End of Spinal Growth

Study Design. The association of capping and fusion of the iliac apophysis, and closure of the proximal humerus and rib epiphyseal growth plates to the end of spinal growth, was evaluated in a cohort of patients with juvenile and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Objectives. To determine the association of closure of the proximal rib epiphysis growth plate, the proximal humeral epiphyseal growth plate, and capping (Risser 4), and fusion (Risser 5) of the iliac apophysis to growth cessation in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Summary of Background Data. Accurate evaluation of remaining spinal growth is the basis of decision-making in skeletally immature patients with scoliosis. The ossification of the iliac apophysis (Risser sign) has been the main indicator used for making this determination. The accuracy of this sign has been called into question and may be supplemented with data from other growth centers. Methods. A total of 101 patients with juvenile or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing brace treatment were followed for a minimum of 2 years following termination of bracing. Serial height measurements and evaluation of iliac apophysis ossification, proximal humerus, and rib epiphysis growth center closure were performed for each patient. Results. The iliac apophysis capped (Risser 4) at a mean age of 14.9 years for girls and 16.0 years in boys. Seventy-six of the 101 patients (75.2%) had further growth after Risser 4 status. The mean growth was 1.75 cm in the girls and 2.46 cm in the boys. No growth occurred after iliac apophysis fusion (Risser 5) or closure of either the rib epiphysis or proximal humerus growth plates. Conclusions. Capping of the iliac apophysis is not the final indicator for the end of spinal growth. Other growth centers should be evaluated in conjunction with serial height measurements when making decisions on the management of the scoliosis patient.
“Volunteering by Chance” to Promote Civic Responsibility and Civic Engagement: Does It Work?

This study investigated the effectiveness of a program to promote civic responsibility and prevent antisocial behavior in a sample of Italian adolescents. Participants were 83 Italian male adolescents, attending the second year of high school (Mean age = 15.79; SD = 0.87). In order to test the efficacy of different strategies (in-classroom training and service activity in a voluntary organization) we divided students into two experimental groups—one classroom of students participated in both strategies (training + volunteering group) and another classroom only participated in the training (training only group)—and one control group. Process and efficacy evaluations were completed. Data were collected before and following the intervention. The process evaluation revealed that the program was highly accepted and appreciated by students. The efficacy evaluation revealed no intervention effects on civic responsibility. However, the training + volunteering group reported a significant decrease in antisocial behavior after the program. Thus, the program was effective in preventing antisocial behavior but not in promoting civic responsibility in our sample.
In vivo, Pikfyve generates PI(3,5)P2, which serves as both a signaling lipid and the major precursor for PI5P

Mutations that cause defects in levels of the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] lead to profound neurodegeneration in mice. Moreover, mutations in human FIG4 predicted to lower PI(3,5)P2 levels underlie Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 4J neuropathy and are present in selected cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In yeast and mammals, PI(3,5)P2 is generated by a protein complex that includes the lipid kinase Fab1/Pikfyve, the scaffolding protein Vac14, and the lipid phosphatase Fig4. Fibroblasts cultured from Vac14−/− and Fig4−/− mouse mutants have a 50% reduction in the levels of PI(3,5)P2, suggesting that there may be PIKfyve-independent pathways that generate this lipid. Here, we characterize a Pikfyve gene-trap mouse (Pikfyveβ-geo/β-geo), a hypomorph with ∼10% of the normal level of Pikfyve protein. shRNA silencing of the residual Pikfyve transcript in fibroblasts demonstrated that Pikfyve is required to generate all of the PI(3,5)P2 pool. Surprisingly, Pikfyve also is responsible for nearly all of the phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PI5P) pool. We show that PI5P is generated directly from PI(3,5)P2, likely via 3′-phosphatase activity. Analysis of tissues from the Pikfyveβ-geo/β-geo mouse mutants reveals that Pikfyve is critical in neural tissues, heart, lung, kidney, thymus, and spleen. Thus, PI(3,5)P2 and PI5P have major roles in multiple organs. Understanding the regulation of these lipids may provide insights into therapies for multiple diseases.
Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin immunotherapy of bladder cancer induces selection of human leukocyte antigen class I‐deficient tumor cells

Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy is a standard treatment for high‐risk non‐muscle‐infiltrating bladder cancer patients. Although the outcomes are good, cancer relapse is observed in around 40% of patients. We present the comparative analysis of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression in recurrent bladder tumors in patients treated with mitomycin or BCG. HLA class I expression was analyzed by RT‐Q‐PCR and immunohistochemical techniques. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was determined by microsatellite amplification of markers in chromosome 6 and 15. More profound alterations in HLA class I expression were found in post‐BCG recurrent tumors than in pre‐BCG lesions, whereas mitomycin treatment did not change the HLA class I expression pattern. Post‐BCG recurrent tumors also showed a higher incidence of structural defects underlying altered HLA class I expression. We hypothesize that the immunotherapy‐activated immune system recognizes and eliminates tumor cells with reversible (“soft”) HLA class I changes but not transformed cells with additional, irreversible (“hard”) alterations. To our knowledge, this is the first clinical evidence of immunotherapy‐induced immunoselection of HLA class I loss tumor variants in bladder cancer, although the study involved a small number of patients.
Contrarian Factor Timing is Deceptively Difficult

The increasing popularity of factor investing has led to valuation concerns among some contrarian-minded investors, and fears of imminent mean-reversion and underperformance. The authors find that despite their recent popularity, the most common factors or styles are not, in general, markedly overvalued as measured by their value spreads. More broadly, tactical timing, whether of markets or factors, always seems to hold appeal for many. The authors look at the general efficacy of value spreads in predicting future returns to styles. At first glance, valuation-based timing of styles appears promising, which is not surprising because it is a simple consequence of the efficacy of the value strategy itself. Yet when the authors implement value timing in a multi-style framework that already includes the value style, they find somewhat disappointing results. Because value timing of factors is correlated to the standard value factor, it adds further value exposure—but does so intermittently and suboptimally compared to an explicit risk-targeted strategic allocation to value. Thus, tactical value timing can reduce diversification and detract from the performance of a multi-style strategy that already includes value. Finally, the authors explore whether value timing works better at longer holding periods or at extremes, still finding fairly weak results. They find that contrarian value timing of factors is, generally, a weak addition for long-term investors holding well-diversified factors including value, and specifically, it does not send a strong signal on stretched valuations today.
Hormonal Control of Growth Hormone Secretion

Growth hormone secretion by the somatotroph cells depends upon the interaction between hypothalamic regulatory peptides, target gland hormones and a variety of growth factors acting in a paracrine or autocrine fashion. This review will be focused on recent data regarding the mechanism by which growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) influences somatotroph cell function and the physiological role played by Ghrelin and leptin in the regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion. It is well established that binding of GHRH to its receptor leads to activation of protein kinase A (PKA). More recently, it was found that GHRH can also activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase both in pituitary cells and in a cell line overexpressing the GHRH receptor. Whether somatotroph adenomas, either with or without a GS-alpha mutation, have alterations in some of the components of the activation of the MAP kinase pathway remains to be known. The recent isolation of Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, can be considered a landmark in the GH field, which opens up the possibility of gaining greater insight into our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of GH secretion and somatic growth. Indeed, preliminary evidences indicate that this peptide exerts a marked stimulatory effect on plasma GH levels in both rats and humans. Finally, it is well known that GH secretion is markedly influenced by nutritional status. Leptin has emerged as an important adipose tissue-generated signal that is involved in the regulation of GH secretion, thus providing an integrated regulatory system of growth and metabolism. Although the effects of leptin on GH secretion in humans remain to be clarified, indirect evidences indicate that it may play an inhibitory role.
No moment wasted: the primary-care visit for adults with diabetes and low socio-economic status

Aim To better understand the type and range of health issues initiated by patients and providers in ‘high-quality’ primary-care for adults with diabetes and low socio-economic status (SES). Background Although quality of care guidelines are straightforward, diabetes visits in primary care are often more complex than adhering to guidelines, especially in adults with low SES who experience many financial and environmental barriers to good care. Methods We conducted a qualitative study using direct observation of primary-care diabetes visits at an exemplar safety net practice in 2009–2010. Findings In a mainly African American (93%) low-income population with fair cardiovascular control (mean A1c 7.5%, BP 134/81 mmHg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 100 mg/dL), visits addressed a variety of bio-psychosocial health issues [median: 25 problems/visit (range 13–32)]. Physicians most frequently initiated discussions about chronic diseases, prevention, and health behavior. Patients most frequently initiated discussions about social environment and acute symptoms followed by prevention and health behavior. Conclusions Primary-care visits by diabetes patients with low SES address a surprising number and diversity of problems. Emerging new models of primary-care delivery and quality measurement should allow adequate time and resources to address the range of tasks necessary for integrating biomedical and psychosocial concerns to improve the health of socio-economically disadvantaged patients.
Fibrillarin Is Essential for Early Development and Required for Accumulation of an Intron-Encoded Small Nucleolar RNA in the Mouse

ABSTRACT Fibrillarin, a protein component of C/D box small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs), directs 2′-O-methylation of rRNA and is also involved in other aspects of rRNA processing. A gene trap screen in embryonic stem (ES) cells resulted in an insertion mutation in the fibrillarin gene. This insertion generated a fusion protein that contained the N-terminal 132 amino acids of fibrillarin fused to a β-galactosidase-neomycin phosphotransferase reporter. As a result, the N-terminal GAR domain was present in the fusion protein but the methyltransferase-like domain was missing. The ES cell line with the targeted fibrillarin allele was transmitted through the mouse germ line, creating heterozygous animals. Western blot analyses showed a reduction in fibrillarin protein levels in the heterozygous knockout animals. Animals homozygous for the mutation were inviable, and massive apoptosis was observed in early Fibrillarin−/− embryos, showing that fibrillarin is essential for development. Fibrillarin+/− live-born mice displayed no obvious growth defect, but heterozygous intercrosses revealed a reduced ratio of +/− to +/+ mice, showing that some of the Fibrillarin heterozygous embryos die in utero. Analyses of tissue samples and cultured embryonic fibroblasts showed no discernible alteration in pre-rRNA processing or the level of the U3 snoRNA. However, the level of the intron-encoded box C/D snoRNA U76 was clearly reduced. This suggests a high requirement for snoRNA synthesis during an early stage in development.
Improving evaluation and treatment for osteoporosis following distal radial fractures. A prospective randomized intervention.

BACKGROUND Fragility fractures are associated with a significant increase in the risk of future fracture, but the rates of evaluation to identify osteoporosis after such injuries are low. The purpose of this study was to determine the rates of evaluation and treatment of osteoporosis following distal radial fractures and to test two interventions in the outpatient clinic to improve evaluation and treatment rates. METHODS In the first part of the study, the medical records of 298 consecutive patients treated for a fragility fracture of the distal part of the radius were reviewed. Primary outcome measures were a bone mineral density examination and treatment with osteoporosis medication within six months after the fracture. In the second part of the study, fifty patients with a fragility fracture of the distal part of the radius were prospectively randomized to receive one of two interventions. These consisted of (1) the orthopaedic surgeon ordering a bone mineral density examination and forwarding the results to the primary care physician or (2) the orthopaedic surgeon sending a letter to the primary care physician outlining guidelines for osteoporosis screening. Patients were contacted at six months after the fracture to determine the rates of evaluation and treatment for osteoporosis. RESULTS The first part of the study revealed that, following a distal radial fracture, 21.3% of 240 patients had a bone mineral density examination and 78.7% were never screened. Osteopenia was the most common diagnosis among those screened (57%). Most (72.5%) of the 240 patients received no medication, whereas 6.7% received calcium and vitamin D; 11.3%, bisphosphonates; 2.5%, hormone replacement therapy; and 7.1%, a combination regimen. The treatment rate for the patients who had undergone a bone mineral density examination was 2.5-fold higher than the rate for those who had not had bone mineral density testing (53% compared with 21%, p < 0.001). In the second part of the study, the patients randomized to Intervention 1 had two to threefold greater rates of bone mineral density testing (93% compared with 30%, p < 0.001), discussion of osteoporosis with their primary care physician (89% compared with 35%, p < 0.001), and initiation of osteoporosis therapy (74% compared with 26%, p < 0.001) compared with patients randomized to Intervention 2. CONCLUSIONS Rates of evaluation and treatment for osteoporosis after fragility fractures remain low (21.3% and 27.5%, respectively). Patients who undergo a bone mineral density examination are more likely to receive treatment. Ordering a bone mineral density examination in the orthopaedic clinic can dramatically improve osteoporosis evaluation and treatment rates following fragility fractures of the distal part of the radius.
Does Clinical Presentation Explain Practice Variability in the Treatment of Febrile Infants?

BACKGROUND. Previous studies documented considerable variability in the treatment of febrile infants, despite the existence of practice guidelines for this condition. None of those studies documented the extent to which this variability is accounted for by differences in clinical severity. OBJECTIVE. To quantify the individual effects of the patient's clinical presentation, demographic, provider, and practice characteristics, and regional variables on practice variability in the evaluation and treatment of febrile infants. METHODS. With data collected through the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network, we analyzed data on the treatment of 2712 febrile infants examined by 484 pediatricians located in 194 practices. We analyzed hospitalization, lumbar puncture, urinalysis and/or urine culture, blood work, and initial antibiotic administration. We obtained a summary score for evaluation and treatment intensity (ranging from no tests or treatments to comprehensive testing, hospitalization, and antibiotic therapy) by performing principal-components analysis with these 5 variables. This summary score was regressed with respect to patients' clinical presentation, demographic and practice/practitioner features, and geographic region. Provider fixed effects were also included in the model. RESULTS. Although the overall model explained 46.5% of the variance, the clinical characteristics of the patient alone explained 29.7% of the overall variance. Practice site fixed effects explained nearly 15% of the overall variance. Provider and practitioner characteristics and geographic region had minimal explanatory power. CONCLUSIONS. Our results show that measures of the patient's clinical presentation account for nearly one third of the variability that our model explains. This suggests that differences in clinical presentation and severity of illness underlie much of the observed practice variability among pediatricians evaluating and treating febrile infants. These findings demonstrate that the management of this common and potentially serious condition depends more on the clinical presentation of the patient than on the characteristics of the provider/practice and the residential region.
Multiple-channel GaAs/AlGaAs high electron mobility transistors

Multiple-channel high electron mobility transistors (HEMT's) have been designed and fabricated on GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructural material grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The sheet carrier density of the two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) measured at 77 K was linearly proportional to the number of high mobility electron channels, and reached 5.3 × 1012cm-2for six-channel HEMT structures. Depletion-mode devices of the double-heterojunction HEMT were operated between negative pinchoff voltage and forward-biased gate voltage without any transconductance degradation. A peak extrinsic transconductance of 360 mS/mm at 300 K and 550 mS/mm at 77 K has been measured for a 1-µm gate-length double-heterojunction enhancement-mode device. An extremely high drain current of 800 mA/mm with a gate-to-drain avalanche breakdown voltage of 9 V was measured on six-channel devices.
TNF alpha--a pivotal role in rheumatoid arthritis?

This review seeks to describe data which support the concept that TNF alpha has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of RA. There is now compelling evidence from in vitro studies and in animal models that this is the case. The in vitro studies suggest that the direct pathogenic effects of TNF alpha are amplified by its potential to act as a potent paracrine molecule, by inducing other pro-inflammatory molecules such as IL-1, and GM-CSF. It has yet to be established whether similar paracine effects of TNF-alpha are observed in the collagen type II mouse, or in human TNF alpha transgenic mice, where (as discussed in this review), TNF alpha undoubtedly has a pathogenic involvement. During the ongoing inflammation in RA, TNF alpha (and other mediators? ) induce the production of soluble TNF-R which can act as natural inhibitors. This process is, however, inadequate within the inflamed synovium, due to the fact that cytokine interactions are very local, through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. In this environment there is a continuous competition between the interactions of surface or soluble receptor with TNF alpha. It may well be that soluble TNF-Rs play a more important role in the periphery where they act as an essential clearance mechanism for the ligand. If, as the available data suggest, TNF alpha does indeed have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of RA, this needs to be verified by demonstrating that removal of TNF alpha locally in the synovial joint of RA patients has a significant effect on clinical parameters of disease, and the progression of the disease process itself.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Prices: Evidence from the United States

This paper aims to examine the relationship between stock prices and macroeconomic variables in the United States using quarterly data for the period 1988 to 2012. We dentify five macroeconomic variables ( i.e, gross domestic product, inflation, real money supply, Treasury bill rate, and oil prices) that researchers have linked to stock prices. We then examine the relationship between these macroeconomic variables and the S&P500 by estimating cointegration system using Johansen technique. Moreover, this paper will use Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to test the short run relationships. Also, we use variance decomposition technique to understand which macroeconomic variable have more explantory power of the variation in the S&P500.