Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Validity Testing of the CDC Worksite Health ScoreCard: An Assessment Tool to Help Employers Prevent Heart Disease, Stroke, and Related Health Conditions

Objective: To develop, evaluate, and improve the reliability and validity of the CDC Worksite Health ScoreCard (HSC). Methods: We tested interrater reliability by piloting the HSC at 93 worksites, examining question response concurrence between two representatives from each worksite. We conducted cognitive interviews and site visits to evaluate face validity of items and refined the instrument for general distribution. Results: The mean question concurrence rate was 77%. Respondents reported the tool to be useful, and on average 49% of all possible interventions were in place at the surveyed worksites. The interviews highlighted issues undermining reliability and validity, which were addressed in the final version of the instrument. Conclusions: The revised HSC is a reasonably valid and reliable tool for assessing worksite health promotion programs, policies, and environmental supports directed at preventing cardiovascular disease.
An Empirical Study of the E-Commerce Click-and-Mortar Business Model and Performance: An Innovation Approach

After the tide of the Internet and impact of the Internet bubbled, E-Commerce business models have moved toward the click-and-mortar business models which could improve the revenue for keeping survival. This study is to explore the relationship between the click-and-mortar model and its performance based on the innovation approach. From the innovation perspective, three dimensions of the click-and-mortar, innovative service, channel integration and new market opportunity, are proposed; and its performance, including customer lock-in and new customer attraction, are measured. There are 95 samples are selected from the list of Trusted E-Commerce Stores in Taiwan, and 31 valid samples for analysis. The results show that click-and-mortar business models indeed generate benefits for the E-Commerce business, but channel conflict will affect the difficulties of adoption of the click-and-mortar and generates the negative effects to its performance. The click–and-mortar provides the convenient way for transaction online and solves the problem of payment and distribution offline, reciprocally. Besides, innovative service such as customization or personalization has more precise targeting to the customers with adding value of information. As to the price conflict on channel, the click-and-mortar business model could provide solution of bundling gifts, product differentiation, dynamic pricing strategy, or better service to the customers. Suggestions for the further research are proposed finally.
Serological evidence of toxocariasis in patients from Spain with a clinical suspicion of visceral larva migrans

Abstract Sera from patients with clinical characteristics of toxocariasis were assayed using the ELISA method and larval excretory-secretory antigen. Four hundred and seven samples of Toxocara serology were received at the laboratory of ‘Ciudad Sanitaria Juan Canalejo’ Hospital of Corunna, Spain, from 1984 to 1989. Of these, 30 were from adults, 332 from children and 45 from patients of unknown age, resulting in Toxocara seroprevalences of 23.3%, 32.8% and 17.7% respectively. The reasons for these serological differences in the rural and urban areas of Galicia, Spain are discussed.
Social anxiety and depression in adolescents in relation to perceived competence and situational appraisal.

The Social Anxiety and Phobia Inventory for Children (SPAI-C), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Harter's (1982) Perceived Competence Scale for Children (PCSC), as well as an inventory of cost and likelihood appraisal of negative social and non-social events, were filled in by 184 adolescents (14-15 years old). It was expected that social anxiety would be specifically related to low perceived competence in the social domain and threat appraisal in the same domain, whereas depression would be related to more general perceived competence deficits. The relationships of social anxiety and depression to perceived competence and appraisal were largely supported. Social anxiety was most strongly related to perceived social competence as well as to both social cost and likelihood appraisals, whereas depression was more generally related to perceived competence, and appraisal of negative events did not improve the prediction of depression any more than the prediction based on perceived competence.
Programme Evaluation with Unobserved Heterogeneity and Selective Implementation: The Mexican Progresa Impact on Child Nutrition

This paper considers the impact of Programa de Educacion, Salud y Alimentacion ("PROGRESA"), a large Mexican rural anti-poverty programme that had an evaluation sample in which overall treatment was randomly assigned to some communities but not others, on child nutrition. When we examine the impact of "PROGRESA" based on the presumption of randomized allocations, we find that "PROGRESA" had no or even a negative impact on child nutrition. However, not all children designated to receive nutritional supplements actually did so. Our preferred estimates - child fixed-effects estimates that control for unobserved heterogeneity that is correlated with access to the supplement - indicate a significantly positive and fairly substantial programme effect of the nutritional supplements on children 12-36 months. They imply an increase of about a sixth in mean growth per year for these children and a lower probability of stunting. Effects are somewhat larger for children from poorer communities but whose mothers are functionally literate. The long-term consequences of these improvements are non-trivial; its impact working through adult height alone could result in a 2.9% increase in lifetime earnings. Copyright 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Persistent IL-12 Production Function in Chronic Tuberculosis Requires Maintenance of Pulmonary Th1 Effector

George S. Yap and Alan SherCheever, Charles A. Scanga, Sara Hieny, Patricia Caspar, Carl G. Feng, Dragana Jankovic, Marika Kullberg, Allenhttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/174/7/4185J Immunol€2005; 174:4185-4192; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/174/7/4185.full#ref-list-1This article cites 63 articles, 44 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
Safety and High Level Efficacy of the Combination Malaria Vaccine Regimen of RTS,S/AS01B with ChAd-MVA Vectored Vaccines Expressing ME-TRAP

Background: The need for a highly efficacious vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum remains pressing. In this controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) study, we assessed the safety, efficacy and immunogenicity of a schedule combining two distinct vaccine types in a staggered immunization regimen: one inducing hightiter antibodies to CSP (RTS,S/AS01B) and the other inducing potent T-cell responses to TRAP using viral vectors. Method: 37 healthy malaria-naïve adults were vaccinated with either ChAd63-MVA expressing ME-TRAP and 3 doses of RTS,S/AS01B (Group 1, n=20) or 3 doses of RTS,S/AS01B alone (Group 2, n=17). CHMI was delivered by mosquito bites in 33 vaccinated subjects at week 12 after first vaccination, and 6 unvaccinated controls. Results: No SUSAR or SAEs related to vaccination were reported. Protective vaccine efficacy was observed in 14/17 (82.4%) subjects in Group 1 and 12/16 (75%) subjects in Group 2. All control subjects were diagnosed with blood stage malaria. Both vaccination regimens were immunogenic. 14 protected subjects underwent repeat CHMI 6 months after initial CHMI; 7/8 (87.5%) Group 1 subjects and 5/6 (83.3%) Group 2 subjects remained protected. Conclusion: The high level of sterile efficacy observed in this trial is encouraging for further evaluation of combination approaches using these vaccine types. Clinicaltrials.gov Registration: NCT01883609 at Im prial C olege of Sence T ecology nd M eicine on July 0, 2016 http://jidrdjournals.org/ D ow nladed from
Behavior of people: Role of extraversion and loneliness

This empirical study demonstrates that extraversion and loneliness as important variables predicting depression, subjective happiness, satisfaction with life and online flow experience. Extraversion was categorized into two categories, namely high and low extraversion. Similarly loneliness was also categorized into high and low loneliness. Data was collected from 342 participants (184 males and 158 females) using a structured questionnaire that contained all the variables of the study. Statistical techniques such as reliability and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to analyze the data. Results revealed significant main effects of extraversion and loneliness on depression, subjective happiness, satisfaction with life and online flow experience. High extraversion and low loneliness had a negative effect on depression and online flow experience, and a positive effect on subjective happiness and satisfaction with life. Interaction effects indicated that an individual has low depression and low online flow experience, and high subjective happiness and high satisfaction with life when he/she is extroverted in nature and suffers from low degree of loneliness. The details of findings of the study have been suitably discussed.
Bacterial Superantigens Enhance the In Vitro Proinflammatory Response and In Vivo Lethality of the TLR2 Agonist Bacterial Lipoprotein

Bacterial superantigens are Gram-positive exotoxins that induce proinflammatory cytokine release in vitro, cause lethal shock in vivo, and can be detected in the bloodstream of critically ill patients. They also have a powerful priming effect on the TLR4 agonist LPS. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between superantigens and the TLR2 agonist bacterial lipoprotein (BLP). Priming of human monocytes or PBMCs with superantigens significantly enhanced proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 release in response to BLP stimulation. The priming effect of superantigens could be blocked by inhibiting p38 MAPK during the priming phase as opposed to NF-κB or ERK inhibition. This was consistent with higher expression of the phosphorylated p38 after superantigen priming and BLP or LPS stimulation. C57BL/6 mice with superantigen priming (10 μg/mouse) when challenged with BLP (600 μg/mouse) exhibited substantially higher mortality (100%) compared with mice without superantigen priming (zero). Mice given superantigen alone did not demonstrate any signs of illness. Mice challenged with both superantigen and BLP had significantly higher levels of serum TNF-α and IL-6 compared with those of mice challenged with either agent alone. Depletion of the monocyte/macrophage subpopulation significantly reduced the mortality rate from 100 to 20% in superantigen-primed, BLP-challenged C57BL/6 mice, with a 5- to 10-fold decrease in serum TNF-α and IL-6. Our results demonstrate that bacterial superantigens enhance the in vitro proinflammatory cytokine release and in vivo lethality of BLP. This novel finding may help to explain the massive proinflammatory cytokine release seen in superantigen-mediated septic shock.
Cross-Domain Recommendations with Overlapping Items

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in cross-domain recommender systems. However, most existing works focus on the situation when only users or users and items overlap in different domains. In this paper, we investigate whether the source domain can boost the recommendation performance in the target domain when only items overlap. Due to the lack of publicly available datasets, we collect a dataset from two domains related to music, involving both the users’ rating scores and the description of the items. We then conduct experiments using collaborative filtering and content-based filtering approaches for validation purpose. According to our experimental results, the source domain can improve the recommendation performance in the target domain when only items overlap. However, the improvement decreases with the growth of non-overlapping items in different domains.
Agendas in Multi-Issue Bargaining : When to Sweat the Small Stu ff ∗

In practice, negotiators deal with numerous issues by ordering them in an agenda, yet in theory separating components of a decision can preclude Pareto-improving tradeoffs. Why then do negotiators address issues separately, rather than all at once? Moreover, what determines the order issues get addressed, and what effect does it have on the final agreement? I characterize an extension of Rubinstein bargaining to the multiple-issue setting and show it has a simple and unique equilibrium agenda. Under this equilibrium issue-by-issue bargaining can ameliorate ex-ante bargaining risk, leading to Pareto improvements. Issue bargaining can also allow bargainers to make implicit, if not explicit, tradeoffs between issues, and can dramatically change a negotiation’s final agreement, with large distributional consequences. My results suggest that issue-by-issue bargaining may be socially optimal and preferred by one or both parties if players are sufficiently asymmetric, or if bargaining frictions are large. ∗I am extremely gratefully to Dan Benjamin, Drew Fudenberg, Gabor Futo, Matthew Gentzkow, Jerry Green, Emir Kamenica, David Laibson, Markus Möbius, Al Roth and workshop participants at Harvard University for numerous insightful comments on this and previous drafts. †mkchen@fas.harvard.edu, www.fas.harvard.edu/~mkchen
Treatment of rapidly progressive systemic sclerosis: current and futures perspectives

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by severe and often progressive cutaneous, pulmonary, cardiac and gastrointestinal tract fibrosis, cellular and humoral immunologic alterations, and pronounced fibroproliferative vasculopathy. There is no effective SSc disease modifying therapy. Patients with rapidly progressive SSc have poor prognosis with frequent disability and very high mortality. Areas covered: This paper reviews currently available therapeutic approaches for rapidly progressive SSc and discuss novel drugs under study for SSc disease modification. Expert opinion: The extent, severity and rate of progression of SSc skin and internal organ involvement determines the optimal therapeutic interventions for SSc. Cyclophosphamide for progressive SSc-associated interstitial lung disease and mycophenolate for rapidly progressive cutaneous involvement have shown effectiveness. Methotrexate has been used for less severe skin progression and for patients unable to tolerate mycophenolate. Rituximab was shown to induce improvement in SSc-cutaneous and lung involvement. Autologous bone marrow transplantation is reserved for selected cases in whom poor survival risk outweighs the high mortality rate of the procedure. Novel agents capable of modulating fibrotic and inflammatory pathways involved in SSc pathogenesis, including tocilizumab, pirfenidone, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, lipid lysophosphatidic acid 1 and NOX4 inhibitors are currently under development for the treatment of rapidly progressive SSc.
Osteoarthritis of the knee: comparison of MR imaging findings with radiographic severity measurements and pain in middle-aged women.

PURPOSE To prospectively compare magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-defined abnormalities of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee with radiographic severity measurements of OA of the knee and self-reported pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional review board of University of Michigan. Informed consent was obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study. Knee MR imaging was performed in 117 women (mean age, 46 years; range, 32-56 years) from a community-based arthritis study (n = 1053) with 30 women in each of four categories: (a) no pain and no OA of the knee, (b) no pain and OA of the knee, (c) pain and no OA of the knee, and (d) pain and OA of the knee. OA of the knee was defined from radiographs. Two hundred thirty-two eligible knees had Kellgren-Lawrence scores for OA of the knee as follows: grade 0, 115 (49.6%); grade 1, 33 (14.2%); grade 2, 66 (28.4%); grade 3, 17 (7.3%); and grade 4, one (0.4%). MR images were assessed for location and severity of defects of cartilage, bone marrow edema (BME), osteophytes, subchondral cysts, sclerosis, meniscal and/or ligamentous tears, joint effusion, synovial cysts, and synovitis. MR imaging findings were compared with radiographic severity of OA of the knee (Kellgren-Lawrence scale) and self-reported pain with analysis of variance, t tests, and contingency table analyses. RESULTS Defects of cartilage (higher than grade IIA) were found in 75% of knees; BME was found in 57% of knees (<1 cm, 41%; >1 cm, 16%). Large BME lesions were common in the pain and OA of the knee group (P = .001); this group was significantly more likely to have defects of cartilage (P = .001); meniscal tears (P = .001); and osteophytes, subchondral cysts, sclerosis, joint effusion, and synovitis (P < .001). Defects of cartilage, osteophytes, sclerosis, meniscal or ligamentous tears, joint effusion, and synovitis were strongly related to increasing Kellgren-Lawrence grade (P < .001). CONCLUSION In middle-aged women, there were significant associations between pain, radiographic severity of OA of the knee, and seven MR imaging-identified parameters.
Improving the accuracy of cross‐relaxation imaging

Cross‐relaxation imaging (CRI) provides biomarkers sensitive to the macromolecular content of tissue. Although the CRI parameters are sufficiently precise to exhibit significant correlations with macromolecular content in tissue, their accuracy is hindered by the CRI modeling and measurement variability. In this article, several sources of CRI variability are examined, such as T1 mapping bias, magnetization transfer signal drift, and inaccuracies due to tissue modeling. Simple corrections schemes are proposed to account for these effects and to improve the CRI accuracy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 22, 67–72, 2012
Effect of butanolic fraction of yellow and black maca (Lepidium meyenii) on the sperm count of adult mice

Lepidium meyenii, known as maca, is a popular nutraceutical food which is grown over 4,000 m above sea level in the Peruvian central highlands. Maca contains alkaloids, but there are no studies on their biological effects. The butanol fraction obtained from methanol extract of maca hypocotyls contains alkaloids. The effects of butanol/aqueous fractions partitioned from methanol extract of yellow and black maca were examined. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity by 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl were used to evaluate maca fractions in vitro. Daily sperm production and sperm count in epididymis and vas deferens in mice were determined as biological effect of maca extracts in vivo. Yellow maca (21.7%±0.69) had better antioxidant capacity than black maca (18.2% ± 0.12; p < .01). Antioxidant activity was better in the methanolic fraction than in the aqueous fraction of yellow or black maca. TPC is higher in the aqueous fraction than in the methanolic extract of yellow or black maca. Black maca administration resulted in higher concentration of sperm count in epididymis and vas deferens compared to yellow maca. A higher biological effect was observed in methanolic extract and in aqueous extract than in the butanol fraction of maca. In conclusion, better biological effect was observed in the methanolic extract of maca than in its partitioned fractions.
POSSIBLE SIGNS OF WATER AND DIFFERENTIATION IN A ROCKY EXOPLANETARY BODY

Spitzer observations reveal the presence of warm debris from a tidally destroyed rocky and possibly icy planetary body orbiting the white dwarf GD 61. Ultraviolet and optical spectroscopy of the metal-contaminated stellar photosphere reveal traces of hydrogen, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, iron, and calcium. The nominal ratios of these elements indicate an excess of oxygen relative to that expected from rock-forming metal oxides, and thus it is possible that water was accreted together with the terrestrial-like debris. Iron is found to be deficient relative to magnesium and silicon, suggesting the material may have originated as the outer layers of a differentiated parent body, as is widely accepted for the Moon.
Clarifying the Dominant Sources and Mechanisms of Cirrus Cloud Formation

Dusty Origins The formation of cirrus clouds begins with the production of ice nuclei, on which water vapor then condenses. Cziczo et al. (p. 1320, published online 9 May) determined the kinds of particles on which cirrus ice crystals form by sublimating samples collected by research aircraft and analyzing the chemical and physical properties of the residual seeds. Most of the seed particles were either mineral dust or metallic. Mineral dust and metallic particles initiate most ice nucleus condensation during cirrus cloud formation. Formation of cirrus clouds depends on the availability of ice nuclei to begin condensation of atmospheric water vapor. Although it is known that only a small fraction of atmospheric aerosols are efficient ice nuclei, the critical ingredients that make those aerosols so effective have not been established. We have determined in situ the composition of the residual particles within cirrus crystals after the ice was sublimated. Our results demonstrate that mineral dust and metallic particles are the dominant source of residual particles, whereas sulfate and organic particles are underrepresented, and elemental carbon and biological materials are essentially absent. Further, composition analysis combined with relative humidity measurements suggests that heterogeneous freezing was the dominant formation mechanism of these clouds.