Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nitrification Inhibitor on Nitrate Leaching in Cotton Production Systems

*R.K. Malik and K.C. Reddy, Alabama A&M University, Dept. Plant & Soil Science, P.O. Box 1208, Normal, AL 35762. *Corresponding author: ravi_malik@hotmail.com. ABSTRACT In the light of energy and environmental concerns, the efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer has become an important goal. Nitrate, a product of mineralization process, is mobile and considered a significant ground water contaminant. This study was designed to investigate the potential use of poultry litter as an alternative to commercial N in cotton production and evaluate the effects of nitrification inhibitor, Carboxymethyl Pyrazole (CMP), on nitrate leaching. Three sources of nitrogen, fresh poultry litter (FPL), composted poultry litter (CPL) and urea at 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha rates were treated with CMP. These were compared with non-CMP treated plots. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated four times. Nitrification inhibitor significantly reduced NO3-N formation in soils up to 41 days after cotton planting. Also, the increase in nitrogen application rate has increased NO3-N significantly up to 41 days after planting (DAP). The plots that received CPL had significantly lower NO3-N than those that received FPL and urea, on 41 DAP. However, these early season differences dissipated by the end of the cropping season. These results indicate the possibility of using CMP as a means to reduce nitrification. Out of three sources of nitrogen, the FPL had significantly increased cotton yields compared to urea and CPL, which resulted in similar yields.
Semantic Space Yorkshire Beagle Cairn Collie Kelpie Pug Visual Space Beagle Yorkshire Pug Collie Kelpie Cairn : Seen Class : Unseen Class A S A F : Seen Class Image : Unseen Class Image

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims at recognizing data as an unseen category, using information learned from the training data of predefined (seen) labels or attributes. In this paper, we propose an effective learning model for solving ZSL, which focuses on relating image and semantic domains with classification guarantees. In particular, we introduce semantics-preserving locality embedding when associating the above cross-domain data. We show that our ZSL model can be extended from inductive and transductive ZSL settings, if unlabeled data of unseen categories are presented during training. In the experiments, we show that our proposed method would perform favorably against baseline and state-of-the-art approaches on multiple benchmark datasets.
Effect of phosphatidylcholine on postoperative adhesions after small bowel anastomosis in the rat

The possibility of preventing postoperative adhesions using phosphatidylcholine (PC) was studied in rats. A small bowel anastomosis was created using continuous or interrupted 5/0 silk sutures. Adhesions were measured by recording the maximal length of adhesions around the anastomosis and the number of organs involved in the adhesions. PC was administered intraperitoneally either as a single dose or as three separate doses. Postoperative adhesions developed in all animals; the degree of adhesion was independent of the suture technique used. PC given once at a dose of 20 mg significantly decreased adhesion formation (P < 0.01). The mechanism underlying this effect may be that the exogenous PC provides a lubricant layer replacing endogenous hydrolysed phospholipid. The result with repeated PC administration was not different from that after a single dose. Increasing the single dose of PC to 40 or 60mg resulted in anastomotic dehiscence and subsequent peritonitis. It is concluded that PC in a single dose of 20 mg reduces adhesion formation after small bowel anastomosis in the rat.
Host Influenza Bacteria Host Influenza Bacteria Combined viral / bacterial pneumonia Post-influenza pneumonia

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Preparation of Cu-Mn and Cu-Mn-Ce Oxide/Mesoporous Silica via Silicate Exfoliation for Removal of NO and Hg0

ABSTRACT Cu-Mn and Cu-Mn-Ce oxide-incorporated mesoporous silica was formed by hydrothermally exfoliating silicate, and the physicochemical properties and NO/Hg0 removal efficiency were investigated. The exfoliation induced structural reformation, resulting in a large specific surface area and the uniform dispersion of metal oxides on the surface. The transfer of valences between Cu2+ and Mn3+ in the Cu-Mn silica contributed to the single reduction peak displayed in the H2 temperature-programmed reduction profiles and the high Mn4+/Mn and Cu+/Cu ratios observed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The high oxygen lability of the Cu-Mn silica may have inhibited its ability to remove NO. By contrast, when SO2 was present, incorporating Ce enhanced the NO removal efficiency due to the increased number of Bronsted acid sites. Hg0 removal tests indicated that adsorption was the primary removal mechanism for both the Cu-Mn and the Cu-Mn-Ce silica samples. Cu2Mn8 exhibited the highest Hg removal efficiency, suggesting that Ce’s enhancing effect on Hg0 adsorption was diminished when a large amount of Mn was present. Of the gaseous components, the adsorbed HCl was mainly responsible for the oxidation and subsequent adsorption of Hg0. Furthermore, with the addition of SO2, the competitive adsorption of SO2 and the resulting HgCl2 did not decrease the Cu-Mn silica’s efficiency in oxidizing Hg0, but the oxidized Hg was less adsorptive.
A comparison of methods for fixed effects meta-analysis of individual patient data with time to event outcomes

Background Alternative methods for individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of time-to-event outcomes have been established and utilized in practice. The most common approach is a stratified log-rank analysis. The IPD approach is considered to be the gold standard approach for meta-analysis and is becoming increasingly more popular but the performance of different methods has not been studied previously. Purpose To compare commonly used methods for fixed effects meta-analysis of individual patient time-to-event data. Methods The stratified log-rank analysis, an inverse variance weighted average of Cox model estimates, and the stratified Cox regression model are compared. First, a theoretical comparison of approaches is undertaken. Second, the bias and coverage are assessed for the pooled hazard ratio using simulated data under commonly encountered meta-analysis conditions. Finally, a comparison is presented using empirical data from four separate systematic reviews of anti-epileptic drug trials where IPD are available for two time-to-event outcomes. Results For hazard ratio close to 1 with minimal heterogeneity between trials, theoretical results suggest similar results should be expected from all the three methods. Results for empirical and simulated data are in keeping with the theoretical results and show all the three methods perform well under these conditions. When there is no heterogeneity and the proportional hazards assumption holds, the stratified Cox model and inverse variance weighted average produce similar estimates of the pooled treatment effect and are to be preferred to the stratified log-rank analysis when the underlying treatment effect is large. Coverage values diminish for all the three methods and are below 95% for low or moderate heterogeneity. The low coverage values highlight the need for models that appropriately account for or explore the between trial variation. Limitations Until larger simulations can be undertaken, conclusions based on the simulated and empirical data should only be applied to small meta-analyses of four or five trials. Conclusions These investigations suggest that under normal conditions all three methods provide similar results. For moderate heterogeneity coverage for all the three fixed effects models depreciates. Clinical Trials 2007; 4: 621—630. http://ctj.sagepub. com
2 . 3 Inverse Reinforcement Learning and Imitation Learning

Learning to coordinate is a hard task for reinforcement learning due to a game-theoretic pathology known as relative overgeneralization. To help deal with this issue, we propose two methods which apply forms of imitation learning to the problem of learning coordinated behaviors. The proposed methods have a close connection to multiagent actor-critic models, and will avoid relative overgeneralization if the right demonstrations are given. We compare our algorithms with MADDPG, a state-ofthe-art approach, and show that our methods achieve better coordination in multiagent cooperative tasks.
The Effects of Local Warm Compresses on Peripheral Intravenous 01-11 Cannulation of Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

Nursing interventions in the prevention of cervical cancer in primary 68-73 health care: an integrative review Martha Thaise Assis de Sales, Ronivalda Moura de Souza Pascoal, Lucilene Coelho Souza Terrengui, Daniel Ignacio da Silva Effect of Educational Program on Critical Care Nurses’ Knowledge and 12-18 Awareness Regarding Intra-Abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Dr. Wafaa Wahdan Abd-Elaziz Volume : 7 Issue : 6 (Version X) e-ISSN : 2320-1959
Team Roles : psychometric evidence , construct validity and team building

The concept that team members perform different team roles is fundamental to studies of team diversity and its relationship to team processes and team performance. In this paper we review research that uses Belbin’s (1981, 1993a) model in an effort to provide a thorough assessment of construct validity in light of conflicting claims in the literature. The model’s theoretical grounding is considered in light of role theory. The psychometric properties of the inventory used to assess a person’s behaviour in a team are examined together with 43 studies that have examined the relationships between team roles and other variables. While the evidence is mixed, we conclude that the model and the inventory have acceptable convergent validity. However, discriminant validity among some team roles is low. Suggestions for further research are offered.
Preclinical mouse models and methods for the discovery of the causes and treatments of atherosclerosis

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the Western world. Despite huge advances in understanding its pathophysiological mechanisms, current treatment is mostly based on ‘traditional’ risk factors. The introduction of statins more than 20 years ago reduced morbidity and mortality of atherosclerosis by 30%, leaving a residual cardiovascular risk. Therefore, efforts continue toward the development of novel therapies that can be added to established treatments. Besides targeting dyslipidemia, recent focus has been put on preventing or resolving inflammatory processes involved in atherosclerosis. Areas covered: The article discusses therapeutic and diagnostic targets in atherosclerosis and how they can be discovered and studied in preclinical animal models. The roles of immune cells, specifically macrophages and monocytes, in plaque inflammation are discussed. The article also describes current preclinical models of atherosclerosis, specifically the mouse, study designs (for progression and regression studies), basic and advanced methods of analysis of atherosclerotic lesions, and discusses the challenges of translating the findings to humans. Expert opinion: Advances in genomics, proteomics, lipidomics and the development of high-throughput screening techniques help to improve our understanding of atherosclerosis disease mechanisms immensely and facilitate the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Preclinical studies in animals are still indispensable to uncover pathways involved in atherosclerotic disease and to evaluate novel drug targets. The translation of these targets, however, from animal studies to humans remains challenging. There is a strong need for novel biomarkers that can be used to prove the concept of a new target in humans.
To pay or not: game theoretic models of ransomware

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts files and demands a ransom from victims. It can be viewed as a form of kidnapping in which the criminal takes control of the victim’s files with the objective of financial gain. In this article, we review and develop the game theoretic literature on kidnapping in order to gain insight on ransomware. The prior literature on kidnapping has largely focused on political or terrorist hostage taking. We demonstrate, however, that key models within the literature can be adapted to give critical new insight on ransomware. We primarily focus on two models. The first gives insight on the optimal ransom that criminals should charge. The second gives insight on the role of deterrence through preventative measures. A key insight from both models will be the importance of spillover effects across victims. We will argue that such spillovers point to the need for some level of outside intervention, by governments or otherwise, to tackle ransomware.
Robust likelihood ratio tests for incomplete economic models

This study develops a framework for testing hypotheses on structural parameters in incomplete models. Such models make set-valued predictions and hence do not generally yield a unique likelihood function. The model structure, however, allows us to construct tests based on the least favorable pairs of likelihoods using the theory of Huber and Strassen (1973). We develop tests robust to model incompleteness that possess certain optimality properties. We also show that sharp identifying restrictions play a role in constructing such tests in a computationally tractable manner. A framework for analyzing the local asymptotic power of the tests is developed by embedding the least favorable pairs into a model that allows local approximations under the limits of experiments argument. Examples of the hypotheses we consider include those on the presence of strategic interaction effects in discrete games of complete information. Monte Carlo experiments demonstrate the robust performance of the proposed tests.
Investigation of Photon-Generated Leakage Current for High-Performance Active Matrix Micro-LED Displays

In this paper, we investigated leakage current generated by light emission of micro-light emitting diode (LED) pixels in active matrix (AM) micro-LED displays. Customdesigned structures of metal cover with different coverage lengths were designed and fabricated to completely eliminate the photongenerated leakage current, thus enhancing the performance of AM driving circuits. Working principle of two transistors and one capacitor AM pixel and requirement of its driving transistors were also systematically discussed for liquid crystal displays, organic LED displays, and LED microdisplays. Transistors with the optimized metal-cover design have an ON/OFF-current ratio of 108, which is two orders of magnitude higher than those without metal cover. This concept was successfully implemented in a high-resolution and fine-pitch AM micro-LED display with a resolution of 400 × 240 and a pixel pitch of 30 μm. Vivid images and movies were presented to show the great potential for wearable applications.
Chinese Students ’ Person Identity and English Learning : A Qualitative Study of Chinese Postgraduates

This study investigated the relationship between Chinese students’ person identity and their English learning in the mainland of China. In-depth interviews were conducted, with five Chinese postgraduates being the participants. It was revealed that the students’ person identity expression was restricted by their unsatisfactory English proficiency, which indicates that it is difficult for them to keep an authentic self-concept while using English. Also, the students’ investment of time and energy into English learning after class was found to be rather limited, which is an important reason for their unsatisfactory English proficiency. Based on this study, it is suggested that Chinese students and teachers of English should be aware of the sociocultural context and the status of English as a foreign language in the mainland of China and increase the investment of time and energy voluntarily after class to improve the students’ English proficiency and sense of authenticity in using English.
SEPARATING PIANO RECORDINGS INTO NOTE EVENTS USING A PARAMETRIC IMITATION APPROACH TEMPLATES FOR DAFX-08 , FINLAND , FRANCE

In this paper we present a working system for separating a piano recording into events representing individual piano notes. Each note is parameterized with a transient-plus-harmonics model that, should all the parameters be reliably estimated, would produce near perfect reconstruction for each note as well as for the whole recording. However, interference between overlapping notes makes it hard to estimate parameters from their combination. In this work we propose to assess the estimability of sinusoidal parameters via their apparent degree of interference, estimate the estimable ones using algorithms suitable for different interference situations, and infer the hard-to-estimate parameters from the estimated ones. The outcome is a sequence of separate, parameterized piano notes that perceptually highly resemble, if are not identical to, the notes in the original recording. This allows for later analysis and processing stages using algorithms designed for separate notes.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 by retroviral vectors expressing antisense-TAR.

The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Tat activation response (TAR) region is essential for Tat-mediated trans-activation of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). The TAR element is present on the 5' and 3' ends of all HIV-1 transcripts and is relatively conserved among different HIV-1 isolates. These properties make it an attractive target for anti-HIV-1 gene therapy strategies. We have constructed a Moloney murine leukemia-based retroviral vector that expresses a chimeric tRNA(iMet)-antisense TAR fusion transcript complementary to the HIV-1 TAR region. The potential of this anti-TAR retroviral vector to inhibit HIV-1 was initially tested by transient transfections with an HIV-1-LTR-Tat expression plasmid into HeLa-CAT cells. Anti-TAR inhibited Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR-driven CAT reporter gene expression in a dose-dependent fashion. The antisense-TAR vector was then used to transduce the human SupT1 T cell line. Cotransfection of these SupT1 cells with a Tat expression plasmid plus an HIV-1 LTR-CAT reporter plasmid resulted in decreased CAT gene expression in comparison to control transduced SupT1 cells. The antisense-TAR engineered SupT1 cell line was then challenged with HIV-1MN.HIV-1 viral production was inhibited in SupT1 cells transduced with the antisense-TAR retroviral vector. Greater inhibition of HIV-1 was observed with antisense-TAR as compared to antisense-Tat expressing retroviral vector. These observations suggest that antisense-TAR retroviral vectors are potentially useful for clinical anti-HIV-1 gene therapy.
A Phase I Study of Docetaxel, Cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin

Objectives: Cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and docetaxel are active agents in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal malignancies. This phase I study was undertaken to determine the maximally tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities of a combination of these drugs given in an ambulatory setting using a bolus schedule of 5-FU. Methods: Twenty patients with gastrointestinal malignancies were treated with docetaxel on day 1, cisplatin on day 2 and bolus 5-FU with leucovorin each day for 5 days, without prophylactic antibiotics or colony-stimulating factors. The cycle was repeated at 21-day intervals. A dose-escalating phase I design was used. Results: There were two treatment-related deaths as a result of neutropenia and sepsis. The maximally tolerated dose was docetaxel at 60 mg/m2 on day 1, cisplatin at 75 mg/m2 on day 2 and 5-FU at 200 mg/m2 with leucovorin at 20 mg/m2 daily from day 1 to day 5. At this dose, neutropenia was occurring in 4 of 6 patients treated. There were three partial responses, 1 patient with esophagogastric cancer and 2 with gastric cancer. Conclusions: This regimen demonstrates efficacy in upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Strategies to improve the tolerance of these agents in combination should be pursued.
The Mirror Image of Asylums and Prisons

This article analyzes trends in prison rates and mental hospital rates in France since the earliest available statistics. It shows that, on almost two centuries of data and amidst an agitated political history, every asylum trend in France is "countered" by an inverse prison trend, and vice-versa. Both trends are like a mirror image of each other. We reflect on the possible explanations for this intriguing fact and show that the most obvious ones (a population transfer or a building transfer) are not able to account for most of the relationship. After these explanations have been dismissed, we are left with an enigma with wide theoretical and practical implications. How is it that when prisons fall, asylums rise and when prison rise, asylums fall? We suggest possible research avenues drawing on the 1960s and 1970s critical literature on "total institutions" and offer implications for current theories of the "punitive turn" and current quantitative studies of prison rates. 1 Sacha Raoult is a Mellow Fellow at University of Chicago and a maître de conférences at Aix-Marseille Université ; Bernard Harcourt is the Isidor and Seville Sulzbacher Professor of Law at Columbia University, Director of the Columbia Center for Contemporary Critical Thought and directeur d'étude at the Ecoles des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales. We would like to acknowledge Andrew Abbott, James Evans and Virginie Gautron for advice on previous versions of this paper, as well as Julian Metenier and Raymond Fang for their exceptional assistance in the research process.
Effects of Soil Strength , Texture , Slope Steepness and Rainfall Intensity on Interrill Erosion of Some Soils in Taiwan

*Jen-Chen Fan and Min-Fon Wu, Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan. *Corresponding author: fjc@upland.ae. ntu.edu. tw ABSTRACT The relationships between slope steepness, soil properties, rainfall intensity and interrill soil erosion rate were analyzed in this study. The soils for these erosion tests were collected from six sites distributed across the island of Taiwan. The samples were remolded and prepared in boxes with a width of 0.75m and a length of 0.5m. Slope steepness was 10, 25, 50 and 100%. Rainfall intensities were 35, 60, 90, and 120mm hr. The rainfall simulation used in this study was a modification of the programmable rainfall simulators developed by Fan and Lovell (1987). The rainfall simulator was shown to be more effective and the uniformity coefficient of the simulator rainfall was 93.7%. Kinetic energy per unit of the simulated rainfall was 0.2092 MJ ha mm (793 footton acre inch). Test items included sieve analyses, fall cone shear tests and interrill soil erosion tests. Using the obtained data, regression analyses were conducted to fit the soil erosion prediction models proposed by previous researchers and the authors. General equations for evaluating interrill soil erosion rate from rainfall intensity, soil shear strength, clay content and slope steepness were developed.