Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role Strain, Part 2: Perceptions Among Athletic Trainers Employed in the Professional Practice Setting.

CONTEXT Athletic trainers (ATs) employed in the professional sport setting (ATPSSs) demonstrate moderate to high degrees of role strain. The experiences and perceptions of these ATs provide insight regarding the sources of role strain as well as ways to reduce it. OBJECTIVE To investigate the perceptions of ATPSSs regarding role strain. DESIGN Qualitative study. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS From a purposeful sampling of 389 ATs employed in the 5 major sport leagues (Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, National Basketball Association, National Football League, and National Hockey League), we identified 34 participants willing to participate in phone interviews. Data Collection and Procedures: Semistructured phone interviews. Inductive data analysis was based on a grounded theory approach. Credibility was addressed with member checks and a peer debriefing. RESULTS Three first-order emergent themes materialized from the data: (1) sources of role strain, (2) consequences of role strain, and (3) strategies to alleviate role strain in ATPSSs. Participants described the antecedents of role strain as emerging from the competing expectations of the professional athlete, the organization, and the sport league. Consequences of role strain included effects on direct patient care and work-life imbalance. Improving organizational factors such as inadequate staffing and poor communication within the organization were strategies described by participants for decreasing role strain in the professional sports setting. CONCLUSIONS Our participants discussed experiencing role strain, which was facilitated by trying to meet the competing demands placed on them with limited time and often with an inadequate support staff. Participant role strain affected health care and contributed to work-life imbalance. Participants described changing the organizational factors that contributed to role strain as a strategy to alleviate the perceived stress.
Offender Rehabilitation: Current Problems and Ethically Informed Approaches to Intervention

Rehabilitation programmes are widely offered to offenders in custodial and community settings around the world. Despite the existence of a large evidence base that identifies features of effective practice, levels of programme integrity remain low and are widely believed to undermine successful rehabilitation. In this paper it is suggested that conceptualising rehabilitation as a moral activity which involves assisting offenders to make better ethical decisions is one way to address some of the difficulties in the delivery of rehabilitation programmes that potentially lead to low levels of integrity, thereby increasing effectiveness.
Building Bridges: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of Nurse Educators' Clinical Experience Using the T.R.U.S.T. Model for Inclusive Spiritual Care

Educating nurses to provide evidence-based, non-intrusive spiritual care in today’s pluralistic context is both daunting and essential. Qualitative research is needed to investigate what helps nurse educators feel more prepared to meet this challenge. This paper presents findings from an interpretive phenomenological analysis of the experience of nurse educators who used the T.R. U.S.T. Model for Inclusive Spiritual Care in their clinical teaching. The T.R. U.S.T. Model is an evidence-based, non-linear resource developed by the author and piloted in the undergraduate nursing program in which she teaches. Three themes are presented: “The T.R. U.S.T. Model as a bridge to spiritual exploration”; “blockades to the bridge”; and “unblocking the bridge”. T.R. U.S.T. was found to have a positive influence on nurse educators’ comfort and confidence in the teaching of spiritual care. Recommendations for maximizing the model’s positive impact are provided, along with “embodied” resources to support holistic teaching and learning about spiritual care.
Seasonal Affective Disorders

A young man I know doesn’t like summer weather or the length of summer days. He happens to have a chronic health condition that requires anti-arrhythmia medication that makes him very sun sensitive and disturbs his vision, causing him to see halos in bright light. Since he is quite athletic and likes to take his exercise outdoors, the summer sun becomes a problem for him both in terms of sunburn and his vision. He always welcomes the return of shorter days and less sunlight in the fall and winter. He comments that everyone else loves to see summer come and is saddened when it is over. In this regard, he is wrong. Although his sensitivity to the sun is caused by medication, there are other people who have a negative psychological reaction to summer; they suffer depression in response to summer sunlight and heat. The added length of summer days compounds their reactions to light and heat. These people experience summer seasonal affective disorder. Most of us have heard of winter seasonal affective disorder typically associated with the onset of winter and its periods of low light. Seasonal affective disorder, often abbreviated as SAD, is a type of mood disorder that follows an annual pattern consistent with the seasons. The most common course of SAD occurs in the winter and includes an onset of depressive symptoms late in the fall, continuation of symptoms throughout winter, and remission of symptoms in the spring. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, SAD is not considered a disorder or syndrome on its own. Instead, SAD is considered a pattern specifier, or subtype, of another mood disorder, Major Depressive Disorder Recurrent, With Seasonal Pattern (American Psychiatric Association (APA; 2000, p. 427). The seasonal pattern must be present during at least each of the last two years with no non-seasonal episodes during the same period. Symptoms usually include depressed mood; hypersom-
The Relationship among Young Adult College Students’ Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Demographics, Life Satisfaction, and Coping Styles

Recent research indicates that young adult college students experience increased levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. It is less clear what strategies college health care providers might use to assist students in decreasing these mental health concerns. In this paper, we examine the relative importance of coping style, life satisfaction, and selected demographics in predicting undergraduates’ depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of 508 full-time undergraduate students aged 18–24 years completed the study measures and a short demographics information questionnaire. Coping strategies and life satisfaction were assessed using the Brief COPE Inventory and an adapted version of the Brief Students’ Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale. Depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relative influence of each of the independent variables on depression, anxiety, and stress. Maladaptive coping was the main predictor of depression, anxiety, and stress. Adaptive coping was not a significant predictor of any of the three outcome variables. Reducing maladaptive coping behaviors may have the most positive impact on reducing depression, anxiety, and stress in this population.
Valor predictivo de la candidiasis oral como marcador de evolución a SIDA

Objective: To determine the validity of oral candidiasis (OC) as a clinical marker of progression in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Study design: In 1992, an oral examination was carried out on a group of 200 HIV-infected patients with a mean age of 36.8 ± 7 years (range 25-46 years) to establish the diagnosis of OC. The following variables were recorded: age, sex, duration of the disease, risk behaviour, CD4 lymphocyte count, clinical stage and antiretroviral treatment. Of the 200 patients in the group evaluated, 157 did not fulfil the criteria for AIDS at the time of the baseline examination; these patients constitute the study group and underwent 6-monthly follow-up until they fulfilled these criteria. The study was concluded at the end of 2001. Results: Of the 157 patients selected, 71 (45.2%) did not present OC and, of these, 28.7% progressed to AIDS during the followup period. Of the 86 (54.8%) patients with OC, 48.2% progressed to AIDS (RR= 2.71). If the start date of the study was taken as 1997, when highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced, no differences were found in the percentage of patients who progressed to AIDS with respect to the presence or absence of OC at the baseline examination. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the association of the presence of OC with progression to AIDS did not reach a predictive value. Conclusions: The long-term prognostic value of OC has not been established in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The immunological recovery and the reduction in the number of opportunistic diseases observed after the administration of HAART means that many patients who developed AIDS do not currently satisfy these criteria, making a review of the definition of the syndrome itself a necessity in order to be able to evaluate prognostic markers.
Associations among hip and shoulder range of motion and shoulder injury in professional baseball players.

CONTEXT The overhead throwing motion is complex, and restrictions in range of motion (ROM) at the hip may place additional demands on the shoulder that lead to injury. However, the relationship between hip and shoulder ROM in athletes with and without a history of shoulder injury is unknown. OBJECTIVE To (1) determine if differences exist in hip and shoulder ROM between professional baseball players with a history of shoulder injury and those with no history of shoulder injury and (2) assess relationships between hip and shoulder ROM in these players. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Fifty-seven professional baseball players. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Outcome measures consisted of hip extension and internal rotation, shoulder internal and external rotation, glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit, and history of shoulder injury. Differences in shoulder and hip ROM were assessed with a 1-way analysis of variance. Associations between hip and shoulder ROM were assessed with linear regression. RESULTS Nonpitchers with a history of shoulder injury had more external rotation and less internal rotation of the shoulder than nonpitchers with no history of shoulder injury. Glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit was greater in both pitchers and nonpitchers with a history of shoulder injury. The relationship between dominant hip extension and shoulder external rotation was significant for pitchers with a history of shoulder injury and nonpitchers with a history of shoulder injury. CONCLUSIONS Shoulder injury may be associated with specific measures of hip and shoulder ROM, and hip extension and shoulder external rotation may be related in baseball players with a history of shoulder injury. Additional research is necessary to understand the specific mechanisms of shoulder injury in the throwing athlete.
Random Walk on Fixed Spheres for Laplace and Lamé equations

The Random Walk on Fixed Spheres (RWFS) introduced in our paper [25], and further developed in [26], is presented in details for Laplace and Lamé equations governing static elasticity problems. The approach is based on the Poisson type integral formulae written for each disc of a domain consisting of a family of overlapping discs. The original differential boundary value problem is equivalently reformulated in the form of a system of integral equations defined on the intersection surfaces (arches, in 2D, and caps, if generalized to 3D spheres). To solve the obtained system of integral equations, a Random Walk procedure is constructed where the random walks are living on the intersection surfaces. Since the spheres are fixed, it is convenient to construct also discrete random walk methods for solving the system of linear equations approximating the system of integral equations. We develop here two classes of special Monte Carlo iterative methods for solving these systems of linear algebraic equations which are constructed as a kind of randomized versions of the Chebyshev iteration method and Successive Over Relaxation (SOR) method. It is found that in this class of randomized SOR methods, the Gauss-Seidel method has a minimal variance. In [25] we have concluded that in the case of classical potential theory, the Random Walk on Fixed Spheres considerably improves the convergence rate of the standard Random Walk on Spheres method. More interesting, we succeeded there to extend the algorithm to the system of Lamé equations which cannot be solved by the conventional Random Walk on Spheres method. We present here a series of numerical experiments for 2D domains consisting of 5, 10, and 17 discs, and analyze the dependence of the variance on the number of discs and elastic constants. Further generalizations to Neumann and Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions are possible. see [23].
The Relationship among Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Depression in The HUNT Study: In Relation to Age and Gender

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality and depression in a general population in relation to gender and age. The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (2006–2008), a large cross-sectional survey, was used. The sample consists of 35,832 men (16,104) and women (19,728) aged 20–89 years, living in the Nord-Trøndelag County of Norway, with valid ratings on the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). This study demonstrates a relationship between depression and both neuroticism and extraversion in a general population. Older people score low more often on Extraversion (E) than younger people. Interactions were observed between neuroticism and age, gender, and extraversion with depression. The interaction term indicates a high score on Neuroticism (N) enhanced by introversion, older age, and being a male with depression. The findings suggest that health professionals may need to put extra effort into the care of patients with low extraversion and high neuroticism, in order to help those patients avoid depression.
College Students’ Responses to Mental Health Status Updates on Facebook

Facebook is widely used by the college population, and previous research has shown that mental health references on Facebook are common. Focus groups of college students were held to determine their views of mental health references seen in their peers’ Facebook profiles. Students’ views of mental health references varied from being serious calls for help, to being jokes or attention-seeking behavior. Responses to mental health references depended on the participants’ offline relationship with the poster. Students would contact close friends through a phone call or in-person conversation, but would not approach acquaintances. The prevalence of mental health references on Facebook, and the awareness of these references by college students, may present opportunities for future peer intervention efforts.
Aortic stiffness in aortic valve stenosis: reply

We appreciate the interest of Nemes and Forster in our article1 and we would like to warmly thank them. The main purpose of our study was to assess the relationship between aortic stiffness, left ventricular (LV) function, and BNP release in a series of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and preserved LV ejection fraction. A normal control group would have been …
Rate of ventilatory disorders in patients with the idiopathic scoliosis after the corrective operation and influence of rehabilitation on ventilatory parameters

The idiopathic scoliosis is the most common form of the structural vertebral curvatures of an unknown reason. In Poland it steps out in 4-14% schoolboys and schoolgirls at the age of 10-14 years, i.e., every tenth child at this of age suffers from the idiopathic scoliosis. Disturbances of statics and symmetry of the bony chest structure induces deeper changes in the mobility of costovertebral joints, what impairs mutual spatial relations of bronchi and pulmonary alveoli. As a consequence this leads to the ventilatory insufficiency of a restrictive type and in years to symptoms of the cor pulmonale. This research was conducted on a group of 32 girls between 13 and 19 years old, one and a half year after the surgical treatment with the Cotrel-Dubousset method. Before the rehabilitation period restrictive type ventilatory disturbances of various degree were present in 59.4% of subjects. After the rehabilitation the ventilatory parameters were improved: VC increased by about 5.7%, FEV1 by about 9.7%, and PEF by about 2.9%. For prophylaxis and the rise of the exercise tolerance in patients with the idiopathic scoliosis after surgical treatment, one may recommend the annual rehabilitation under conditions of a professional rehabilitation center.
Test-retest and interrater reliability of the functional movement screen.

CONTEXT The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a popular test to evaluate the degree of painful, dysfunctional, and asymmetric movement patterns. Despite great interest in the FMS, test-retest reliability data have not been published. OBJECTIVE To assess the test-retest and interrater reliability of the FMS and to compare the scoring by 1 rater during a live session and the same session on video. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Human performance laboratory in the sports medicine center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 21 female (age = 19.6 ± 1.5 years, height = 1.7 ± 0.1 m, mass = 64.4 ± 5.1 kg) and 18 male (age = 19.7 ± 1.0 years, height = 1.9 ± 0.1 m, mass = 80.1 ± 9.9 kg) National Collegiate Athletic Association Division IA varsity athletes volunteered. INTERVENTION(S) Each athlete was tested and retested 1 week later by the same rater who also scored the athlete's first session from a video recording. Five other raters scored the video from the first session. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The Krippendorff α (K α) was used to assess the interrater reliability, whereas intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the test-retest reliability and reliability of live-versus-video scoring. RESULTS Good reliability was found for the test-retest (ICC = 0.6), and excellent reliability was found for the live-versus-video sessions (ICC = 0.92). Poor reliability was found for the interrater reliability (K α = .38). CONCLUSIONS The good test-retest and high live-versus-video session reliability show that the FMS is a usable tool within 1 rater. However, the low interrater K α values suggest that the FMS within the limits of generalization should not be used indiscriminately to detect deficiencies that place the athlete at greater risk for injury. The FMS interrater reliability may be improved with better training for the rater.
Learned Resourcefulness, Danger in Intimate Partner Relationships, and Mental Health Symptoms of Depression and PTSD in Abused Women

The study investigated the relationships among learned resourcefulness, dangerousness in abusive relationships, and symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of abused sheltered women. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was utilized and 42 women met criteria for participation. Data were collected over a ten-month period from June 2010 to March 2011 using the following instruments: (1) demographic data collection form, (2) Self-Control Schedule (SCS), (3) Danger Assessment (DA), (4) Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA), (5) Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-II), and (6) Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS). Results indicated that 74% of the sample reported symptoms of depression and 67% met criteria for PTSD. In addition, there was 62% comorbidity between depression and PTSD. High levels of danger and low levels of resourcefulness were associated with increased symptoms of depression and PTSD. Further research is necessary, but results of the study suggest that resourcefulness may be an important consideration for abused women in reducing the impact of violence and abuse on mental health issues.
Major Depressive Disorder: A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of Iranian Patients

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one the most common mental disorders; it affects about 5–10% of the world population. This study explores the experiences of people with major depressive disorder in Zanjan, Iran. In order to identify recurring themes and patterns in individuals’ experiences of major depressive disorder, semi-structured interviews with 18 patients were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were then analyzed based on conventional qualitative content analysis. Five main categories emerged. The first category was called emotional paralysis and included the subcategories feeling severely depressed; feeling anxious; feeling impatient and irritable; and having dyshedonia. The second category was disturbance of thinking and was comprised of the subcategories of preoccupation, instable spiritual beliefs, and guilt. Cognitive decline was the third identified category and was further divided into subcategories of frustration, unawareness of the disorder, negative evaluation, indecisiveness, and loss of focus and loss of memory. Another major category was physical illnesses with the subcategories of physical discomfort, sleep problems, appetite disturbance, facial changes, sexual dysfunction, and medical conditions. The final category was failure in life, which had failure in personal affairs, jeopardized interpersonal relations, and unstable work life as subcategories. These findings provide a base for further research in this area. They also have clinical relevance for health care providers working with patients with MDD. Related cultural issues also are discussed.
Review paper Dental stem cells as a potential tools for regeneration of tooth structures

Voluminous research has focused on the identification of sources of adult stem cells in human body. Recent progress on the isolation and regulation of stem cells may enable the future development of nov el therapeutic strategies based on the concept of regeneration of damaged or diseased organs. Recent ly various subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells were identified in dental tissues, including dental pulp, apical papilla and periodontal ligament. They are considered to offer potential for regeneration of tooth structure and bone. Additionally, dental stem cells can possibly be applied in therapy of other disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease or cardiac ischemia. This review describes the stem cell subpopulations derived from dental tissues and their potential role in tooth regeneration and other therapies.