Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cryopreservation of sperm of the adriatic grayling (Thymallus thymallus) and the marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) from the Soča river in Slovenia

A cryopreservation protocol was tested on the sperm of genetically distinct Adriatic grayling (Thymallus thymallus) and the Natura2000-listed marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) from the Soca River basin in Slovenia. Sperm was frozen in an extender composed of 200 mM glucose, 40 mM KCl, 30 mM Tris (pH 8.0) and 10% methanol as a cryoprotectant in the vapour of liquid nitrogen. Sperm dilution ratios of 1:1, 1:4 and 1:9 were tested. The cooling rate was 57 ± 1°Cmin-1 in all cases. In the grayling, the highest ratio of eyed eggs (74 ± 4 % vs. 69 ± 6 % in the control) and the highest hatch percentage (63 ± 6 % vs. 56 ± 10 % in the control) was observed with a dilution ratio of 1:1. In the marble trout, the highest percentage of eyed eggs (84 ± 4 % vs. 88 ± 3 in the control) and the highest hatch rate (70 ± 3 % vs. 76 ± 2 % in the control) was again found using the 1:1 dilution ratio of the sperm. In both species, individual sperm samples had a significant effect on the results. Sperm-to-egg ratios ranging from 2.5 to 5.7 × 10 4 spermatozoa per egg yielded satisfactory hatch rates (67 ± 7 % to 73 ± 7 %) in the grayling.
Corporate Governance and Downside Systematic Risk with a Moderating Role of Socio-Political in Pakistan

This research investigates the effect of corporate governance on downside systematic risk with moderating effect of socio-political factor. Corporate governance covers key areas such as board structure, ownership structure and audit quality. The research used two proxies, terrorism and assassination, to construct socio-political index, whereas downside- CAPM of Estrada (2002) is used as a measure of systematic risk. Using a sample of 201 non-financial firms from 2003 to 2014, this study has used the Arellano-Bond Dynamic Data-Estimation regression approach to uncover the relationship. Results revealed that the corporate governance mechanism reduces the firm’s downside systematic risk and socio-political factor moderates the relationship between corporate governance and downside systematic risk.
Nutrition minérale des cocotiers hybrides sur tourbe, de la pépinière à l'entrée en production

La societe Riau Sakti United Plantations a developpe une plantation de cocotiers hybrides de 18 000 ha sur les tourbes profondes de la province de Riau en Indonesie, avec l'appui technique de l'IRHO-CIRAD. La nutrition minerale des jeunes cocotiers sur ce milieu purement organique a pose de tres nombreux problemes, qui ont ete traites par une experimentation intensive destinee a produire et a ajuster en temps reel un bareme de fumure a l'usage de la plantation commerciale. Les principaux resultats experimentaux sont exposes et interpretes en termes de reponse aux engrais et de reference pour le diagnostic foliaire. La nutrition minerale est caracterisee par une tres forte deficience azotee, qui s'accompagne d'une deficience moderee en phosphore et en potassium. Sur le plan des micro-elements, la nutrition est dominee par une tres forte carence en cuivre et par une deficience en fer, legere et transitoire. Il n'a pas encore ete possible d'observer les effets eventuels des deficiences en bore et en zinc tres severes chez le palmier a huile sur tourbe en Malaisie, mais une faible dose des fertilisants correspondants a ete maintenue en premiere annee de plantation, par securite
Investing in Human Relations for Healthy Nursing Practice Environment, Nurses’ Job Satisfaction and Quality of Nursing Care

Relationship between the three domains of nursing practice environment, nurses’ job satisfaction and quality of nursing care have been studied for a way forward to superior healthcare delivery. However, the literature and management practices frequently viewed the relationship as one directional; which may have resulted to restructuring in the nursing practice environment that are insensitive to nurses' need. This paper provides evidence of reciprocal relationship between the three domains in the context of interactions between nurses at NSW health organisations. Mixed methods of survey questionnaire and one-on-one semi-structured interview were used in this research in sequential design, with 136 survey respondents and 21 interviewees. The research result identified interactions between nurses as a vehicle through which the reciprocal relationship between the domains are kept in motion. While healthy interactions between nurses that generate trust and gratitude were seen to positively impact the domains, the opposite was noticed in case of unhealthy interactions. Therefore, management practices in nursing administration should invest for healthy human relations to achieve enhancements across the three domains.
Which Countries Have State Religions?

For 188 independent countries in 2000, 72 had no state religion in the years 2000, 1970, and 1900; 58 had a state religion at all three dates; and 58 had some kind of transition. Among the 58 transitional countries, 12 had two transitions, 4 of which (former Soviet Republics in Asia) involved two forms of state religion. The probability of having a state religion in 2000 or 1970 depends strongly on the status of state religion in 1900 but much more so for countries that experienced no major change in political regime during the 20th century. Communist governments tend not to have state religion - only one Communist country (Somalia in 1970) had a state religion in the usual sense. However, a past history of Communism does not have much influence on the probability of state religion. Greater concentration of religious adherence is positively related to state religion, and most of this relation seems to reflect causation from religious concentration to state religion, rather than the reverse. Theoretically, state religion is more probable when the population adheres to a monotheistic religion. We find this effect for Muslim adherence, but the relationship is not robust. State religion is less likely in sub-Saharan Africa, possibly because of the intense competition for converts in this region among the major world religions. The probability of state religion does not differ significantly between former colonies and non-colonies but is higher for British colonies than for Spanish and Portuguese colonies. Variables that have little effect on the probability of state religion include per capita GDP, country size, and the extent of democracy, civil liberties, and the rule of law.
Kinematics Characteristic of Lower Extremity during Simulated Skiing Exercise

We analyze the kinematic factors of sectional and total movements in healthy participants to providing group dependent information during simulated exercise. Participants in this study's experiment were 26 male adults, the elapsed times in each phase, the difference in the lower extremity angles, and muscle activity were computed through analysis of kinematic factors. We revealed that motions of the experts took shorter to perform than non-experts, and showed larger variation of lower limb joint angle in most events during simulated skiing. There were also significant group dependent differences in the peak and mean EMG values during simulated skiing. Referring to these results, such a non-expert's posture leads to enhance muscle activity to keep the lower body in balance. Non-experts should maintain appropriate ROM with lower-intensity exercise to improve muscle endurance initially, and it can be useful in providing preliminary data for future training and rehabilitation studies, as well as improvements in muscle strength.
Quaternary Deformation of the Middle Pleistocene Christmas Canyon Formation and its Implications For Neotectonic Processes Associated With the Garlock Fault and Eastern California Shear Zone

The Searles Valley region of southeastern California exhibits a series of northeasterly trending folds that are anomalously oriented when viewed in the context of the current regional stress field, where the principal compressive stress is oriented from the northeast and southwest. This region also marks a complex zone of deformation, as the Blackwater fault of the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) appears to terminate at its intersection with the Browns Valley/Ranch fault zone, 5 km south of the Garlock fault. The presence of the northeasterly trending Christmas Canyon anticline near the junction of these three fault systems has led to the inference that regional compression directed from the northwest and southeast may have occurred during the last 640,000 years. To assess the style of deformation associated with the interaction of these three fault zones, a geologic survey consisting of geologic mapping, remote sensing and absolute-dating techniques was conducted within the northeastern Lava Mountains, immediately south of the Garlock fault. The study area, informally designated as western Christmas Canyon, exhibits a series of northeasterly trending structures that have deformed and offset lacustrine deposits of the middle Pleistocene Christmas Canyon Formation. These northeasterly striking faults, exhibit displacements suggestive of sinistral shear, and are oriented on average 22 degrees counterclockwise to the trace of the Garlock fault in southern Searles Valley. The orientation and mode of deformation attributed to these faults implies that they may have formed as Riedel shears to the sinistral Garlock fault zone, and thus likely formed during a period of northeast-southwest directed regional compression. Conversely, a single northeast-trending synclinal structure within western Christmas Canyon implies regional compression nearly orthogonal to the adequate orientation for driving sinistral shear along the Garlock fault zone. The results obtained from the geologic survey of the western Christmas Canyon region imply that the Garlock fault has sinistrally offset two alluvial fan surfaces from their source drainage during the late Holocene, and that a period of northwest-southeast directed compression most likely did not occur since the deposition of the middle Pleistocene Christmas Canyon Formation. As a result, the formation of northeasterly trending folds within the Christmas Canyon Formation is inferred to be attributed to deformation associated with slip along Riedel shears of the Garlock fault zone, or as a result of distributed deformation associated with the termination of northwesterly striking dextral faults of the Eastern California Shear zone or P' shears to the Garlock fault.
PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES PARASITES FROM SHEEP AND EVALUATION OF SOME ANTHELMINTHIC RESISTANCE IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE

Prevalence and anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointe stinal nematodes in 430 sheep investigate by faecal examination was conducted in Qushtapa , Khabat, Benslawa, Salahaddin subdistricts in Erbil , from April t o July 2012 . The mean eggs per gram (EPG) count determined by using modified McMaster technique , sh owed that (40.4 6 %) of the sheep were infested, the higher infection was 17.2% Nematodirus sp p . , 13.02% Strongylus sp p . , 4.18% Marshaligia sp p . , 2.79% Trichurus sp p . and 3.25% with coccidia . Four farms were selected randomly each divided to control an d three treatment groups: Levamisol, Albendazol e and Ivermectin groups . Anthelmintic efficacy was measured after treatment dates were investigated with faecal egg count reduction test , the F E C RT percentage for Levamisol in sheep ranged from 80.3 to 94.7 wh ich show m ost effective in Khabat with FE C R T of 94.7% while with Albendazol e ranged from 75.5% to 80.2%, suspected resistant in all group , but t he injectable Ivermectin in sheep ranged from 85.2 to 94.8 and show effective in Bnaslawa and Salahaddin with FE CR of 94.6% and 94.8% respectively. All the anthelmintic were found to be low ef fective, but resistance to Albendazol e was suspected. Based on the findings, it was concluded that development of anthelmintic resistance could be prevented by avoiding fre quent dosing and under dosing, while strategic deworming should be practiced by both animal health workers and animal owners.
Exploring Professional Knowing, Being and Becoming through Inclusive Pedagogical Approach in Action (IPAA) Framework

Despite extensive changes in early childhood inclusive education policy and practice, various barriers continue to inhibit access and participation of children with special needs in inclusive schools. Often mentioned barriers include negative beliefs, lack of understanding of inclusive pedagogy and the effectiveness of professional development to improve teacher knowledge to reduce these barriers. This study reports on a Thai Bureau of Special Education professional development partnership program with an Australian inclusive school in which 16 early childhood teachers from Thailand participated. This community of practice inquiry project generated qualitative data from pre- and post-professional workshops semi-structured interviews and analysis of teachers' professional learning journals during the inquiry phases of the project. Thematic analysis of the data showed that the international professional learning immersion program exerted an influential impact on the teachers who participated suggesting; teachers developed better understandings of children with special education needs by creating a mindset for change.
Temporal asynchrony due to climate change and its impact on host–herbivore–predator interactions

Emission of greenhouse gases is causing a shift in the global climate. As a consequence, organisms have altered their spatial and temporal distribution. For species temporally synchronized by biotic interactions, a shift in temporal distribution might lead to reduced synchrony. This is especially pertinent in terms of phenological events, as for example a herbivore needs to match its activity with the flowering of its host plant. In this paper, I specifically focus on temporally synchronized biotic interactions in insect host-herbivore-predator communities. The main objective is to investigate four questions: i) How temperature and precipitation affect the development of species; ii) How temporal asynchrony affects single biotic interactions between plants – herbivores and herbivores – predators iii) How temporal asynchrony affects more extensive, multitrophic-level communities; and iv) How biotic interactions will change in the future. A majority of the studies covered in this paper suggests that individual species will increase their development rate if temperature is increased. Moreover, temperature seems to have a more pronounced impact on development rate than humidity condition does. The rate of development increase could vary among species, indicating that temporal asynchrony among currently interacting species could become more common in the future. A major related issue is then to determine if species will be able to locally adapt to the new prevailing conditions, whether they will go extinct or whether they will start interacting more with other species. If selective pressure is hard and genetic variation sufficient, then species may stay synchronized. Furthermore, it is important to assess how temperature will increase in the future. More fluctuating and extreme temperatures might alter species responses. To address these questions we need more studies examining: i) synchrony in herbivore–predator interactions and across several trophic levels; ii) the capacity of synchronized species to adapt to new conditions; and iii) species responses to fluctuating and extreme temperatures.
Larvicidal potential of Cyathea species against Culex quinquefasciatus

Introduction Vector-borne diseases are the major cause of morbidity in most of the tropical and subtropical countries. Mosquitoes are one of the important vectors responsible for the spread of several diseases viz., malaria, filariasis, dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis. Culex sp. is the most abundant mosquito species in urban areas. It is crucial to manage Culex population so that people can be protected from various mosquito borne diseases. These diseases can be controlled by targeting the causative parasites and pathogens. The chemical control was one of the most extensively used conventional methods for controlling mosquito borne diseases since chemical pesticides are relatively inexpensive and usually produces immediate control. Generally, the chemical control is carried out by the indoor residual spraying of insecticides such as temephos, insect growth regulators such as diflubenzuron and methoprene, which are still the most effective. Insecticide applications against the target species are facing a serious threat due to the development of resistance to chemical insecticides (1). Numerous studies have been carried out to identify safer mosquito control agents and to reduce environmental and human health concern (2, 3). An approach to obtain efficient, safe and selective insecticides is the study of natural products obtained from plants (4). In the world flora, next to angiosperms, pteridophytes occupy an important position in which many extant species were recorded (5). Pteridophytes are conspicuous and gorgeous elements of biodiversity which occurs in various kinds of habitats ranging from sea level to mountain top and tropical to subpolar regions (6). With reference to Cyathea species, Janakiraman and Johnson (7) studied the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, saponins and alkaloids in C. nilgirensis, C. gigantea and C. crinita. Janakiraman and Johnson (8) determined the functional constituents of C. nilgirensis, C. gigantea and C. crinita. using FT-IR. Janakiraman and Johnson (9) studied the antioxidant potentials of C. nilgirensis, C. gigantea and C. crinita. Janakiraman and Johnson (10) revealed the phenolics profile of tree ferns using HPTLC analysis. Janakiraman and Johnson (11) studied the chemical constituents of tree ferns using GCMS analysis. Janakiraman and Johnson (12) confirmed the cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts of selected Cyathea species against MCF 7 cell line cultures. Hence, the present study was undertaken to study the larvicidal potential of various extracts of Cyathea nilgirensis Holttum, Cyathea gigantea (Wall. ex. Hook.) Holttum and Cyathea crinita (Hook.) Copel.
Non-financial benefits of CSR: An empirical study

CSR has been found to positively affect the financial success of firms. However, firm success is multidimensional, reflecting dimensions beyond just the financial. This paper sought to understand the role that CSR plays in affecting non-financial dimensions of firm success. Specifically, a link between CSR and three important non-financial measurements were studied. The findings are provocative. By studying a heterogeneous sample of firms, the data provided strong support for the hypothesized relationships; namely, CSR was found to lower employee turnover while positively affecting both customer satisfaction and firm reputation. These results confirm theory, in that CSR is as an activity that can help to meet the justice needs of employees while demonstrating equity and signaling positive impressions to external stakeholders.
Symbiotic responses to insoluble phosphorus supply in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.): Rhizobia symbiosis

The common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L .) is often grown under various environmental constraints in soil as well as phosphorus (P) deficiency. In worldwide soils, P massively exists in insoluble forms especially in acidic and basic soils, where it is greatly combined with Al, Fe and Ca ions hydroxide. In order to study the effect of insoluble phosphorus (IP) in hydroponic culture, two common bean varieties, that is, WAFA and REBIA were inoculated separately with three rhizobia strains (P.Tb.09, CIAT899 and P.OM.09) and were grown under mineral P (250 imol P (KH2PO4)) versus IP (250 imol P (Ca2HPO4)). Results show that inoculation of both varieties under 250 imol P with P.Tb. 09 and CIAT899 had produced a high nodule biomass of about 0.11 g plant-1. However, inoculation of WAFA with P.Tb. 09 and P.OM. 09 yielded in a low nodule biomass (0.06 g plant-1) in comparison with REBIA variety showing no variation of the strains used. The last variety in symbiosis with all the three strains, exhibited a high shoot biomass that was not significantly different with plants supplied with 250 imol P. By contrast, a high acid phosphatase activity was more stimulated under IP conditions in leaves of WAFA inoculated with CIAT899 and P.Tb. 09. Likewise, root acid phosphatase (APase) activity has increased in REBIA inoculated with P.Tb. 09 for both P forms; meanwhile, inoculation with CIAT899 under IP has significantly increased roots acid phosphate (AP) activity. However, this stimulation was not associated with high plant N accumulation that was highly accumulated by both varieties inoculated with P.Tb. 09 but grown under 250 imol P. In addition, analysis of phenols content in roots showed a high stimulation when plants had received IP than those under 250 imol P, but to the high extent in roots of REBIA inoculated with P.Tb. 09 under IP conditions. We concluded that the use of P-efficient symbiotic combinations against P deficiency seems to be an interesting biological approach to increase legumes P assimilation for N2 fixation and thus for agricultural sustainability. Key words : Symbiosis, Phaseolus vulgaris, rhizobia, insoluble phosphorus, phosphatase, phenolics content.
Reappraisal of effective elastic thickness in the south-west Indian Ocean, and its possible implications

The bathymetry of the south-west Indian Ocean is dominated by three mid-oceanic ridge systems: the Chagos–Laccadives Ridge, the Central Indian Ridge, and the Mascarene Plateau. Although there have been a number of geophysical and geological investigations over the region, the genesis of these morphological features is still contradictory. Most of the estimations of effective elastic thickness in this region have been carried out in the spectral domain, either by transfer function analysis or by free-air admittance analysis. As these investigations were along some one-dimensional profiles or discrete blocks, spatial variation of the effective elastic thickness was not achieved. Here, we reappraise the estimation of effective elastic thickness in the south-west Indian Ocean by performing the computation in the spatial domain using flexure inversion. During this process, we also estimate the Moho depth throughout the region by two independent processes: gravity inversion, and flexural inversion. The Te values (effective elastic thickness) are estimated in the spatial domain, which match well with the results in the spectral domain obtained with the free-air admittance method. In addition, there is spatial variation of the Te values over the area analyzed. Our estimated Te values are low (1-6 km) along the Chagos-Laccadives ridge, implying its proximity to a spreading ridge at the time of creation. The Te values along the Mascarene Plateau show spatial variation with a seafloor age from north (Te, ca. 4 km) to south (Te, ca. 20 km). These findings substantiate earlier data and suggest that Reunion was created due to intraplate volcanism.