Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traction Sutures in the Management of Long-Standing Third Nerve Palsy

Background: Exotropia in long-standing third nerve palsy presents a significant cosmetic problem and the management is difficult. Method: A retrospective review of patients with long-standing exotropia secondary to third nerve palsy between 1996 and 2006 was carried out. Patients underwent large lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection, combined with muscle traction sutures left in situ for 6 weeks. Results: Thirty-three patients were treated, with a mean follow up of 16 months, ranging from 3 to 108 months; the age range was 3 to 66 years with a mean of 28.8 years. The cause of third nerve palsy was congenital in 39%, orbital or intracranial tumour 21%, trauma 15%, microvascular 9%, complication of neurosurgery 9%, and unknown in 6%. Pre-operative angle measurements ranged from 25 to 95PD exotropia, mean 60PD exotropia. After removal of the traction sutures, the eye maintained a good cosmetic position in all but 3 patients. Final angle measurement ranged from 16 to 40PD exotropia, mean: 14.5PD exotropia. Post-operative motility was extremely limited; very limited abduction was a good indicator of the final eye position. Complications included conjunctival hypertrophy, suture infection, and “cheese wiring” of sutures. Conclusion: Adducting traction sutures combined with large recess-resect of the horizontal rectus muscles are safe and effective in the management of long-standing strabismus due to third nerve palsy.
Radial scar lesions of the breast diagnosed by needle core biopsy: analysis of cases containing occult malignancy

Aim: To identify and review cases of false negative needle core biopsy (NCB) in the preoperative investigation of radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion (RS/CSL) lesions—that is, benign NCB from RS/CSL which contained malignancy on excision. Methods and results: A total of 11 false negative NCB in RS/CSL lesions from 281 (3.9%) were identified (6 cases: B1, 2 cases: B2 and 3 cases: B3). In 6 of 11 cases a radial scar or stromal sclerosis was seen in NCB. Localisation biopsy showed duct carcinoma in situ in six cases, duct carcinoma in situ with invasive carcinoma in three and invasive carcinoma in two. In all 11 cases, needle tracks were identified as missing the malignant epithelium by a mean of 5 mm (median:4 mm; range:1–20 mm). In 9 of 11 cases, the malignancy was missed by <6 mm. Conclusions: Despite evidence of accurate targeting of lesions, the use of NCB instead of fine needle aspiration cytology has not eliminated the problem of false negative biopsy in RS/CSL, and excision is recommended.
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT NEEDS OF MATHEMATICS TEACHERS IN SAUDI ARABIA

This study aimed at determining the professional development needs of mathematics teachers in Saudi Arabia. The sample of the study contained 643 teachers and 39 supervisors of four districts of education across Saudi Arabia. The survey addressed two domains of professional development: content knowledge in mathematics, and pedagogical content knowledge. The study found that, in the domain of content knowledge for professional development, the most frequently occurring topics were as follows: Topological concepts and their applications, spherical geometry and its applications; mathematical problems solving; mathematical logic, reasoning, and proof; and, limits and continuity and their applications. In the domain of pedagogical content knowledge, participants defined areas of deficit across thirteen topics. Included in these were: Mathematical teaching for students with special needs; mathematical teaching for gifted students; lab use in teaching mathematics, etc. Two-way ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences in means of mathematics teachers’ needs for professional development in favor of supervisors vs. mathematics teachers in the pedagogical content knowledge domain alone. While there were no significant differences in the means of the need for professional development for mathematics teachers related to their teaching grade level or to the interaction between job and grade level in both domains.
An Electron Microscope Study of Darier's Disease

An electron microscope investigation was performed on cutaneous biopsies from four patients with Darier's disease. Suprabasal lacunae with acantholytic cells were a prominent feature. Basal cells and acantholytic cells showed an increase in tonofilaments. Corps ronds appeared as vacuolated cells.
CLASSIFICATION OF AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING DATA USING GEOMETRIC MULTI-SCALE FEATURES AND DIFFERENT NEIGHBOURHOOD TYPES

In this paper, we address the classification of airborne laser scanning data. We present a novel methodology relying on the use of complementary types of geometric features extracted from multiple local neighbourhoods of different scale and type. To demonstrate the performance of our methodology, we present results of a detailed evaluation on a standard benchmark dataset and we show that the consideration of multi-scale, multi-type neighbourhoods as the basis for feature extraction leads to improved classification results in comparison to single-scale neighbourhoods as well as in comparison to multi-scale neighbourhoods of the same type.
Words avoiding 7/3-powers and the thue-morse morphism

In 1982, Seebold showed that the only overlap-free binary words that are the fixed points of non-identity morphisms are the Thue–Morse word and its complement. We strengthen Seebold’s result by showing that the same result holds if the term ‘overlap-free’ is replaced with ‘$\frac{7}{3}$-power-free’. Furthermore, the number $\frac{7}{3}$ is best possible.
Immune response of the human respiratory tract. II. Cell-mediated immunity in the lower respiratory tract to tuberculin and mumps and influenza viruses.

Normal volunteers were tested for cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and influenza and mumps viruses by use of circulating lymphocytes and cells obtained by bronchoalveolar (BA) lavage. CMI was assayed by the test for inhibition of macrophage migration. Both circulating and BA cells from volunteers with positive delayed skin tests gave significant inhibition in the presence of M. tuberculosis antigens, but those from individuals with negative skin tests did not. As with M. tuberculosis, CMI was demonstrable from both circulating and BA cells from individuals with positive skin tests for mumps, but not in those with negative skin tests. CMI to influenza virus was tested before and after immunization, either by aerosol or sc. CMI in the lower respiratory tract was best stimulated by aerosol immunization. Subcutaneous immunization stimulated primarily circulating CMI. The role of antibodies on secretory surfaces has been a subject of considerable recent investigative interest [1-5]. While secretory antibodies of the IgA class have been shown to be important in the protection of mucosal surfaces against certain infectious agents [6-8], relatively little information is available concerning the role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in such areas. While recent studies have investigated CMI to several bacteria and
Informant reports of changes in personality predict dementia in a population-based study of elderly african americans and yoruba.

OBJECTIVE The authors conducted a longitudinal, population-based survey of African Americans in Indianapolis, Indiana, and Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria, using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia to assess the predictive value of informant reports of changes in personality on incident dementia and Alzheimer disease. METHODS In all, 3,021 subjects had informants' reports of changes in personality and dementia status (2,084 subjects residing in Ibadan and 937 subjects residing in Indianapolis). RESULTS After adjusting for demographic, cognitive, and functional characteristics in two markedly different populations, socioeconomically and culturally, subjects with changes in personality had approximately twice the odds of having dementia as subjects with no change in personality. CONCLUSION The finding that in two markedly different populations, personality change is a significant predictor of future dementia, independent of cognition and functional status, should make clinicians particularly sensitive to these reports when they occur in their elderly patients.
The Impact of Clinical Empathy on Patients and Clinicians: Understanding Empathy's Side Effects

The benefits of clinical empathy in medical practice abound. They include improved patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment recommendations, more accurate diagnoses, reduced distress (Neumann et al. 2011), improved health outcomes (Kelley et al. 2014), and fewer medical errors and malpractice claims (Hickson et al. 2002). A new article by Jackson, Eug ene, and Tremblay (2015) suggests that in the quest to enhance empathy in patient–clinician dyads, the welfare of both must be taken into consideration. The well-being of today’s primary care physicians is in peril. While some studies have shown that clinician empathy positively impacts clinician well-being, meaningful work, sense of coherence, and job satisfaction (Halpern 2001; Krasner et al. 2009; Warmington 2012; Tei et al. 2015), other research shows a decline in empathy during training and beyond (Bellini and Shea 2005; Hojat et al. 2009; Decety, Yang, and Cheng 2010). This emotional distress may arrive as a result of a clinician’s heightened state of perception and high exposure to pain, especially if a clinician is experiencing decreased self-regulation and perspective-taking, adverse work conditions, and insufficient work–life balance. If empathy is so helpful to patients, does it necessarily come at an emotional cost to providers who begin their careers with humanism and altruism?
Personality Disorders Among Alcohol-Dependent Patients Manifesting or not Manifesting Cocaine Abuse: A Comparative Pilot Study

This study assessed personality disorders (PDs) in 158 alcohol-dependent outpatients (62 manifesting cocaine abuse and 96 without cocaine abuse) with the International Personality Disorders Examination interview between 2003 and 2006. Thirty-nine alcohol-dependent/cocaine abusers (62.9% of this group) and 51 only alcohol-dependent patients (53.1% of this group) manifested at least one PD. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the overall prevalence rate of PDs. The most prevalent PDs, among the alcohol-dependent/cocaine abusers, were antisocial (21%), narcissistic (14.5%), and borderline (11.3%) PDs. The most frequently diagnosed PDs among the only alcohol-dependent patients were obsessive–compulsive (20.8%), paranoid (10.4%), and dependent (9.4%) PDs. There were significant differences between the groups. The study limitations are discussed.
MicroRNAs AS BIOMARKERS FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION — SMALL MOLECULES WITH A HUGE POTENTIAL

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a conserved class of small, 17-25 nucleotides long, noncoding RNAs. They act as controllers of gene expression patterns, either by blocking translation or inducing miRNA degradation by sequence-specific hybridization. Several miRNAs have been proposed as potential disease-specific biomarker in cardiovascular diseases. The diagnostic value of assessing circulating miRNAs levels has been evaluated in numerous studies, mainly regarding acute myocardial infarction. Initial promising results from preclinical studies suggest the potential for future miRNA-based therapies. In our review, we focus on the current developments showing the role of miRNAs in the acute myocardial infarction, emphasizing diagnostic utility of miRNAs as promising new biomarkers of AMI and their therapeutic potential. Key words: microRNA, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, myocardium, gene expression regulation.
A study of the gait characteristics of patients with chronic osteoarthritis of the knee

Purpose : There is scant information at present on the effects of severe osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint on gait. In the present study the kinematic and kinetic parameters of gait and the pattern of activation of four lower limb muscles were examined during walking at a self-selected pace on level ground. The spatiotemporal parameters of gait were also computed. Methods : Measurements were made using a three-dimensional optico-electronic motion analysis system integrated with a force plate and telemetered electromyography. Results : Fifty-eight patients with severe OA of the knee and 25 age-matched healthy control subjects were examined. Patients demonstrated a significantly reduced walking speed, shorter stride length and a more prolonged stance phase of the gait cycle compared with the control subjects. They also had less range of motion at the hip, knee and ankle, joints and generated less moments and powers at the ankle and more moments at the knee than the control group. The differences were statistically significant for all parameters except the degree of ankle plantar flexion in stance. Activation of the rectus femoris muscle was prolonged in the patients group. Conclusions : It is concluded that the observed gait abnormalities were due to instability of the knee joint in stance. This may have important clinical implications for the rehabilitation of patients with severe OA of the knee.
Terminal Nucleotidyl Transferase Activity of RecombinantFlaviviridae RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases: Implication for Viral RNA Synthesis

ABSTRACT Recombinant hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) was reported to possess terminal transferase (TNTase) activity, the ability to add nontemplated nucleotides to the 3′ end of viral RNAs. However, this TNTase was later purported to be a cellular enzyme copurifying with the HCV RdRp. In this report, we present evidence that TNTase activity is an inherent function of HCV and bovine viral diarrhea virus RdRps highly purified from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. A change of the highly conserved GDD catalytic motif in the HCV RdRp to GAA abolished both RNA synthesis and TNTase activity. Furthermore, the nucleotides added via this TNTase activity are strongly influenced by the sequence near the 3′ terminus of the viral template RNA, perhaps accounting for the previous discrepant observations between RdRp preparations. Last, the RdRp TNTase activity was shown to restore the ability to direct initiation of RNA synthesis in vitro on an initiation-defective RNA substrate, thereby implicating this activity in maintaining the integrity of the viral genome termini.
Horizontal and vertical structure of the Eyjafjallajökull ash cloud over the UK: a comparison of airborne lidar observations and simulations

During April and May 2010 the ash cloud from the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallaj ¨ okull caused widespread disruption to aviation over northern Europe. The location and impact of the eruption led to a wealth of ob- servations of the ash cloud were being obtained which can be used to assess modelling of the long range transport of ash in the troposphere. The UK FAAM (Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements) BAe-146-301 research aircraft overflew the ash cloud on a number of days during May. The aircraft carries a downward looking lidar which detected the ash layer through the backscatter of the laser light. In this study ash concentrations derived from the lidar are compared with simulations of the ash cloud made with NAME (Nu- merical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment), a general purpose atmospheric transport and dispersion model. The simulated ash clouds are compared to the lidar data to determine how well NAME simulates the horizontal and ver- tical structure of the ash clouds. Comparison between the ash concentrations derived from the lidar and those from NAME is used to define the fraction of ash emitted in the eruption that is transported over long distances compared to the to- tal emission of tephra. In making these comparisons possible position errors in the simulated ash clouds are identified and accounted for. The ash layers seen by the lidar considered in this study were thin, with typical depths of 550-750 m. The vertical structure of the ash cloud simulated by NAME was generally consistent with the observed ash layers, although the layers in the simulated ash clouds that are identified with observed ash layers are about twice the depth of the observed layers. The structure of the simulated ash clouds were sensitive to the profile of ash emissions that was assumed. In terms of hori- zontal and vertical structure the best results were obtained by assuming that the emission occurred at the top of the erup- tion plume, consistent with the observed structure of eruption plumes. However, early in the period when the intensity of the eruption was low, assuming that the emission of ash was uniform with height gives better guidance on the horizontal and vertical structure of the ash cloud. Comparison of the lidar concentrations with those from NAME show that 2-5 % of the total mass erupted by the vol- cano remained in the ash cloud over the United Kingdom.
Interpersonal attraction in exchange and communal relationships.

Communal relationships, in which the giving of a benefit in response to a need for the benefit is appropriate, are distinguished from exchange relationships, in which the giving of a benefit in response to the receipt of a benefit is appropriate. Based on this distinction, it was hypothesized that the receipt of a benefit after the person has been benefited leads to greater attraction when an exchange relationship is preferred and decreases attraction when a communal relationship is desired. These hypotheses were supported in Experiment 1, which used male subjects. Experiment 2, which used a different manipulation of exchange versus communal relationships and female subjects, supported the hypotheses that (a) a request for a benefit after the person is aided by the other leads to greater attraction when an exchange relationship is expected and decreases attraction when a communal relationship is expected, and (b) a request for a benefit in the absence of prior aid from the other decreases attraction when an exchange relationship is expected.
Aβ-induced microglial cell activation is inhibited by baicalin through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Baicalin has shown multiple neuroprotective biological activities, including antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory functions in neurodegeneration diseases. However, whether baicalin can regulate Aβ-induced microglial activation or inhibit inflammatory cytokine secretion has not been confirmed. We demonstrated that baicalin can inhibit beta amyloid peptides (Aβ42)-induced BV2 microglial cell proliferation, reduce the expression of CD11b, decrease chemotactic ability of BV2 cells and significantly inhibit the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α and NO. Moreover, baicalin pretreatment can effectively inhibit Aβ-induced phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. Baicalin can inhibit Aβ-induced microglial cell activation by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in AD transgenic mice. The modulation of microglial proliferation, activation and secretion by baicalin could be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Modeling Fine-Scale Coral Larval Dispersal and Interisland Connectivity to Help Designate Mutually-Supporting Coral Reef Marine Protected Areas: Insights from Maui Nui, Hawaii

Connectivity among individual marine protected areas (MPAs) is one of the most important considerations in the design of integrated MPA networks. To provide such information for managers in Hawaii, USA, a numerical circulation model was developed to determine the role of ocean currents in transporting coral larvae from natal reefs throughout the high volcanic islands of the Maui Nui island complex in the southeastern Hawaiian Archipelago. Spatially- and temporally-varying wind, wave, and circulation model outputs were used to drive a km-scale, 3-dimensional, physics-based circulation model for Maui Nui. The model was calibrated and validated using satellite-tracked ocean surface current drifters deployed during coral-spawning conditions, then used to simulate the movement of the larvae of the dominant reef-building coral, Porites compressa, from 17 reefs during 8 spawning events in 2010-2013. These simulations make it possible to investigate not only the general dispersal patterns from individual coral reefs, but also how anomalous conditions during individual spawning events can result in large deviations from those general patterns. These data also help identify those reefs that are dominated by self-seeding and those where self-seeding is limited to determine their relative susceptibility to stressors and potential roadblocks to recovery. Overall, the numerical model results indicate that many of the coral reefs in Maui Nui seed reefs on adjacent islands, demonstrating the interconnected nature of the coral reefs in Maui Nui and providing a key component of the scientific underpinning essential for the design of a mutually supportive network of MPAs to enhance conservation of coral reefs.
Knowledge and attitudes of mothers regarding use of Oral Rehydration Solution in management of diarrhea

Background: Globally, there are nearly 1.7 billion cases of diarrhoeal disease every year. Diarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old. It is both preventable and treatable. Key measures to treat diarrhoea include rehydration with oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution. Aims: The aim of this study is to find out the knowledge and attitudes of mothers regarding use of ORS in management of diarrhea in an urban slum area. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 400 mothers attending the OPD at urban health centre of the teaching hospital in Bhopal in Central India. Data was collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire which asked information regarding the knowledge of mothers about ORS, method of preparation, source of information about ORS and the role of ORS in the management of diarrhoea. Results: Out of 400 interviewed mothers 74% were literate. Most of these belonged to the lower socio economic class. Only 156 knew the correct method of ORS preparation and its use. It was also seen that 48 mothers did not know about ORS. The most common source of information was health care providers. Conclusion: The knowledge regarding method of use of ORS for management of diarrhoea was found to be inadequate in this study. More measures need to be adopted to improve this knowledge and make mothers aware about the use and availability of ORS.
Extreme Area-Time Tradeoffs in VLSI

Consideration is given to the layout of bounded fan-in and fan-out prefix computation graphs in VLSI, and it is shown that the area requirements of such graphs exhibit this interesting property. A small constant factor reduction in time of computation from 2 log eta to log eta increases the area required to embed an eta node prefix computation graph significantly from O( eta log eta ) to Omega ( eta /sup 2/). The area requirements are also given. This behavior is an example of an extreme area-time tradeoff in VLSI. Since prefix computation also models the carry computation in a carry look-ahead adder, the same behavior is observed in the area requirements of a near-minimum computation time carry look-ahead adder. The authors also present circuits which meet the derived lower bounds for all values of T between log eta and 2 log eta . >