Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition of Particulate Matter from Traffic Emissions in a Road Tunnel in Xi’an, China

ABSTRACT Chemical compositions of particulate matter (PM) from traffic emissions vary by region and with time. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain local mobile source profiles of PM to support regional researches for vehicle emission control policy, source apportionment modeling, etc. In this study, PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected from a highway tunnel in Xi’an in northwestern China. The chemical composition, specifically, the OC, EC, water-soluble ions, and elements, was analyzed in detail to (1) provide local PM profiles for a mixed vehicle fleet, (2) identify the origins of different elements in the tunnel environment, and (3) determine the associated factors influencing the profiles. The PM2.5 profiles in the tunnel were identified as OC (34.10%), EC (11.96%), water-soluble ions (18.22%), and elements (27.73%), while the PM10 profiles included OC (28.48%), EC (8.59%), water-soluble ions (14.17%), and elements (33.36%), respectively. The origins of the elements in the tunnel were classified into three categories by the receptor modeling approach: resuspended road dust and brake wear, vehicle exhaust and tire wear, and tailpipe emissions from diesel vehicles (DV). The mass fractions of OC, EC, and elements originating from resuspended road dust and brake wear were mainly affected by vehicle driving conditions (i.e., uphill/downhill and speed), whereas the mass content of bromine (Br) was influenced by the proportion of DV in the fleet.
New concepts and objectives for protein-amino acid nutrition in rabbits: a review

In the European context, the new legislation to avoid mineral contamination and the ban on antibiotics as growth promoters has led to the definition of new objectives in respect of nitrogen supply. The present study summarizes the state of nitrogen nutrition in rabbits and reviews the role of protein and amino acids in rabbit health and the new nitrogen value of protein sources based on true ileal digestibility (TID) for future recommendations. The main sources of nitrogen for microbial growth are ammonia, urea and protein (endogenous and dietary). The surplus of nitrogen flow to the caecum increases mortality rates during fattening by favouring the growth of potential pathogenic bacteria. Accordingly, feeding strategies to reduce ileal nitrogen flow have been reviewed. A large reduction of dietary protein level might have negative consequences on growth performances and mortality. In order to formulate balanced low protein diets, data on ileal and faecal amino acid digestibility of 14 raw materials is summarized. The use of this different unit for amino acid digestibility is also discussed.
Biopsychosocial Vulnerability-Stress Modeling for an Incarcerated Population

This paper discusses individual constructs that form diathesis-stress models and formulates an adapted model for a corrections population. Diathesis-stress models are familiar within psychiatric nursing, but rarely discussed in the literature in their application to correctional population, or for their potential in guiding nursing practice in correctional settings. Of particular interest to this paper is the coping response of inmates to the stressors of incarceration and the implications for clinical care management. This article is available in Journal for Evidence-based Practice in Correctional Health: http://digitalcommons.uconn. edu/jepch/vol1/ iss1/1
Relations between Personality Traits, Language Learning Styles and Success in Foreign Language Achievement

Bu calismanin amaci, ogrencilerin degisik kisilik ozelliklerinin farkli ogrenme stilleri gelistirmelerine yardimcioldugunu ortaya cikarmaktir. Bu tez, kisiligin, yabanci dil ogrenirken, egitim – ogretim stillerinin secilmesinde belirleyici birfaktor oldugunu ortaya koymayi amaclamistir. Bu baglantiyi ortaya cikarabilmek icin, Bilkent Universitesi, birinci siniflarinaldigi Akademik Ingilizce Programinda, Ingilizce 101 dersini tamamlamis, Muhendislik, Fen, Isletme, Guzel Sanatlar, InsaniBilimler ve Edebiyat Fakultelerinde okuyan ogrencilere, Maudsley’in Kisilik Testi ve Barsch’in Ogrenme Stilleri anketleridagitilmis ve sonuclar istatistiksel olarak degerlendirilmistir. Calisma sonuclari, yabanci dil ogrenen bir ogrencinin kisilikozelliklerine bagli olarak farkli ogrenme stilleri gelistirdigini ve buna bagli olarak basarinin da farklilik gosterdigini, ancak,bunlarin arasinda istatistiksel olarak guclu degil, sanilanin aksine zayif bir baglanti oldugunu ortaya koymustur
LDAS-Monde Sequential Assimilation of Satellite Derived Observations Applied to the Contiguous US: An ERA-5 Driven Reanalysis of the Land Surface Variables

Land data assimilation system (LDAS)-Monde, an offline land data assimilation system with global capacity, is applied over the CONtiguous US (CONUS) domain to enhance monitoring accuracy for water and energy states and fluxes. LDAS-Monde ingests satellite-derived surface soil moisture (SSM) and leaf area index (LAI) estimates to constrain the interactions between soil, biosphere, and atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model (LSM) coupled with the CNRM (Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques) version of the total runoff integrating pathways (CTRIP) continental hydrological system (ISBA-CTRIP). LDAS-Monde is forced by the ERA-5 atmospheric reanalysis from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) from 2010 to 2016 leading to a seven-year, quarter degree spatial resolution offline reanalysis of land surface variables (LSVs) over CONUS. The impact of assimilating LAI and SSM into LDAS-Monde is assessed over North America, by comparison to satellite-driven model estimates of land evapotranspiration from the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) project, and upscaled ground-based observations of gross primary productivity from the FLUXCOM project. Taking advantage of the relatively dense data networks over CONUS, we have also evaluated the impact of the assimilation against in situ measurements of soil moisture from the USCRN (US Climate Reference Network), together with river discharges from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC). Those data sets highlight the added value of assimilating satellite derived observations compared with an open-loop simulation (i.e., no assimilation). It is shown that LDAS-Monde has the ability not only to monitor land surface variables but also to forecast them, by providing improved initial conditions, which impacts persist through time. LDAS-Monde reanalysis also has the potential to be used to monitor extreme events like agricultural drought. Finally, limitations related to LDAS-Monde and current satellite-derived observations are exposed as well as several insights on how to use alternative datasets to analyze soil moisture and vegetation state.
The Impact of Operations Performance on Customer Loyalty

This research develops a longitudinal study that builds upon previous findings that operations performance of service delivery can positively affect customer satisfaction, further extending this verdict to point out operations performance as a direct determinant of customer loyalty. Path Analysis is used as a methodological framework. This paper reports the findings of an empirical research conducted in a large telecommunications company operating in the UK. Regarding operations performance impact on customer loyalty, the research findings support the conclusion that while operations speed may help to acquire customers, it is the operations dependability that more strongly drives customer loyalty in the long term.
Can Auditors be Independent? Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Client Type

Recent regulatory initiatives stress that an independent oversight board, rather than the management board, should assume the role of auditors' client. In an experiment, we test whether the type of client affects auditors' independence. Unique features of the German institutional setting enable us to realistically vary the type of auditors' client as our treatment variable: we portray the client either as the management preferring aggressive accounting or the oversight board preferring conservative accounting. We measure auditors' perceived client retention incentives and accountability pressure in a post-experiment questionnaire to capture potential threats to independence. We find that the type of auditors' client affects auditors' behaviour contingent on the degree of the perceived threats to independence. Our findings imply that both client retention incentives and accountability pressure represent distinctive threats to auditors' independence and that the effectiveness of an oversight board in enhancing auditors' independence depends on the underlying threat.
On Subadditive Duality for Conic Mixed-integer Programs

It is known that the subadditive dual of a conic mixed-integer program is a strong dual under a strict feasibility requirement. In this paper, we show that the subadditive dual of a feasible conic mixed-integer program is a strong dual whenever it is feasible. Moreover, we show that this condition implies all known conditions for strong duality for both linear and conic mixed-integer programs. In addition, we prove that a conic mixed-integer program which is essentially strictly feasible or whose feasible region is bounded has a strong subadditive dual. As an intermediate result, we extend the so-called 'finiteness property' from full-dimensional convex sets to sets that can be expressed as the intersection of a full-dimensional convex set and a Dirichlet convex set.
PLANTS USED AS FENCE AND FUELWOOD IN MANANG DISTRICT, CENTRAL NEPAL

The remoteness of Manang District, Central Nepal has resulted in continued use of wild plants to meet daily needs. Local people were interviewed during 2002-2006 regarding the uses of plants as sources of fence and fuelwood. The People of Manang have been using 16 plant species (eight trees and eight shrubs) which belong to nine families and 10 genera for fence and fuelwood. The highest number of species belonged to Berberidaceae (4 species), followed by Cupressaceae (3 species), Rosaceae and Pinaceae (2 species each). Taxaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Betulaceae, Salicaceae and Juglandaceae were represented by one species each. Among 16 species recorded, eleven species including Berberis lycium , Hippophae salicifolia , Juniperus indica , Rosa macrophylla , etc., were used as fence and 11 species including Betula utilis , Juniperus indica , Pinus wallichiana , etc., were used as a source of fuelwood. Some plants are used as both fence and fuelwood. Fence plants protect crop field from damage by livestock and wild animals and prevented soil erosion by wind. The local people of TankiManang, Manang, Braka, Munji do not collect fuelwood, and furniture wood from their nearby forest these days as they did in the past and now collect from the next village (Hongde and Pisang forest). This a good example of awareness towards conservation and forest management. The forests near their villages are now named as ‘community forest'. There is a continued need for awareness among the people about forest use and its role in the environment. Key words: Awareness; Community forest; Livestock; Manang; Wild plants. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v5i5. 2666 Scientific World , Vol. 5, No. 5, July 2007 107-111
Integration of Web 2.0 Technologies into the Process of Students’ Self-Directed English Learning

The recent study of the integration of Web 2.0 technologies effect on students’ self-directed English learning and critical thinking skills updates the results and findings reported by the researches in this field. The purposes of this article is to analyze what constitutes the integration of Web 2.0 technologies into the process of students’ self-directed English learning, to show what Web 2.0 tools can be used reasonably to intensify the students’ motivation which results in the deliberate self-directed learning, and to elaborate upon various theories and researches concerning Web 2.0 technologies. The paper shows the real evidence of the development of foreign language communicative competences and skills including: reading, listening, speaking and critical thinking through such tools as podcasts, wiki and video online and offline, collaboration with one another in the form of peer review, self-reflection and making a blog. It was that concluded that it is necessary to develop and practice pedagogy and instructional strategy, along with the use of Web 2.0 technologies in order to achieve increased students’ performance and efficiency of students’ self-directed learning. It is to be emphasized that the specified problem needs further research to analyze the ways in fostering and benefiting student learning through Web 2.0 tools. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n2p541
Retribution and forgiveness: The healing effects of punishing for just deserts

Although punishment and forgiveness frequently are considered to be opposites, in the present paper we propose that victims who punish their offender are subsequently more likely to forgive. Notably, punishment means that victims get justice (i.e. just deserts), which facilitates forgiveness. Study 1 reveals that participants were more likely to forgive a friend’s negligence after being primed with punishment than after being primed with inability to punish. In Study 2, participants were more forgiving towards a criminal offender if the offender was punished by a judge than if the offender escaped punishment, a finding that was mediated by the just deserts motive. Study 3 was in the context of actual recalled ongoing interpersonal relations and revealed that punishment predicted forgiveness indirectly via just deserts, not via victims’ vengeful motivations. It is concluded that punishment facilitates forgiveness because of its capacity to restore a sense of justice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collective action to save the ancient temperate rainforest: social networks and environmental activism in Clayoquot Sound

In 1993 over 850 people were arrested for engaging in civil disobedience to prevent the clear-cut logging of pristine ancient temperate rainforests in Clayoquot Sound, Canada. This was the largest incident of this type in Canadian history, and has arguably been Canada’s most visible mobilization over a specific environmental issue. This study examines the factors that explain the ongoing participation of individuals in the environmental movement (more broadly, beyond participation in civil disobedience) to protect Clayoquot Sound during the period following the 1993 protest. We focus on the roles of interpersonal social networks and movement identification, and compare their statistical effects with the effects of values and attitudes on the level of participation of individuals in the movement. We compare survey data from members of Friends of Clayoquot Sound (FOCS), a key environmental organization in this protest, with data collected from several surveys of the general public, and also from members of a local countermovement group (a proforest industry group that mobilized against the environmental movement). Although values and attitudes statistically differentiate members of FOCS from the other groups, these variables do not statistically explain ongoing differential participation in the movement amongst FOCS members. Rather, individual level of participation in this environmental movement is best explained by ego-network centrality (the pattern of ties each respondent has to contacts in the movement), as measured by the number of ties FOCS members have to others in a range of environmental organizations, and by their level of identification with the movement. Implications of this research for more recent mobilizations, such as against oil pipelines, are discussed, as are avenues for future research.
Correlations Between Index Properties and Unconfined Compressive Strength of Weathered Ocala Limestone

Weathering has a negative effect on both physical and engineering properties of rock specimens and rock masses. When rock masses are weathered it is often difficult to obtain core segments that are the correct size for unconfined compressive strength testing. Thus engineers must use index testing to estimate the strength of specimens for design purposes. This thesis relates the unconfined compressive strength to index strength tests of Ocala limestone. The relationships developed include weathering states of the specimens and proximity of unconfined compressive strength specimens to index specimens. One hundred and ninety five specimens were classified using International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) weathering designations, had their unit weight determined, and were tested under unconfined compression, point load, or indirect tensile conditions. Qualitative results show the average unit weight decreases with an increase in weathering state and the range of index strength values decreases with an increase in weathering state. The data also shows low index strength test results across a wide range of unit weights. Quantitative relationships were also developed with the strength data. All of the developed relationships were linear. Point load strengths have better correlations with unit weight than indirect tensile strengths. Unconfined compressive strength was correlated to index strength and weathering using three different approaches. For all approaches, indirect tensile strength has a better correlation with unconfined compressive strength than point load strength. Specimen pairs from the same weathering state also have a better correlation than specimen pairs from different weathering states. Unconfined compressive strength was also correlated to index strength results by incorporating specimen proximity. Once again, indirect tensile strength is a better predictor of unconfined compressive strength than point
Herschel-ATLAS: correlations between dust and gas in local submm-selected galaxies

We present an analysis of CO molecular gas tracers in a sample of 500 μm-selected Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) galaxies at z < 0.05 (cz < 14990 km s−1). Using 22-500 μm photometry from Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, Infrared Astronomical Satellite and Herschel, with H i data from the literature, we investigate correlations between warm and cold dust, and tracers of the gas in different phases. The correlation between global CO(3–2) line fluxes and far-infrared (FIR)-submillimetre (submm) fluxes weakens with increasing infrared wavelength (λ ≳ 60 μm), as a result of colder dust being less strongly associated with dense gas. Conversely, CO(2–1) and H i line fluxes both appear to be better correlated with longer wavelengths, suggesting that cold dust is more strongly associated with diffuse atomic and molecular gas phases, consistent with it being at least partially heated by radiation from old stellar populations. The increased scatter at long wavelengths implies that submm fluxes are a poorer tracer of star formation rate (SFR). Fluxes at 22 and 60 μm are also better correlated with diffuse gas tracers than dense CO(3–2), probably due to very small grain emission in the diffuse interstellar medium, which is not correlated with SFR. The FIR/CO luminosity ratio and the dust mass/CO luminosity ratio both decrease with increasing luminosity, as a result of either correlations between mass and metallicity (changing CO/H2) or between CO luminosity and excitation [changing CO(3–2)/CO(1–0)].
Life cycle of a torrenticolous Hawaiian chironomid (Telmatogeton torrenticola): stream flow and microhabitat effects

In this study we documented the instar densities and life cycle of Telmatogeton torrenticola Terry (Chironomidae : Telmatogetoninae) from Kinihapai Stream, Maui, Hawaii. Greatest larval densities of this midge are found on substrates of high velocity, shallow flows of cascades, and splash zones of waterfalls, with lower densities in riffles. In the summer of 1994 we compared the effects of two microhabitats (termed optimal and suboptimal) on inter-instar density and relative abundance. In a second year (1995), we evaluated the effect of long-term reduced stream flow on these variables only in optimal microhabitats. A significant reduction in stream flow from 1994 to 1995 was correlated with a similar reduction in larval densities that precluded larval colonization of suboptimal habitats in 1995, thereby preventing sampling in this microhabitat during that summer. Depth of optimal habitats of 1995 were significantly shallower than both habitats of 1994, with suboptimal habitats of 1994 the deepest. Total larval density was significantly higher in 1994 optimal habitats, while 1994 suboptimal and 1995 optimal habitats were statistically similar. Individual instar densities showed variable differences among habitats and years, with the first three instars always highest in 1994 optimal habitats. All instars and pupae were collected on most sampling dates in both years ; however, pupae were only collected on a two dates in suboptimal habitats of 1994. Based on larval size frequency histograms, T. torrenticola has a multivoltine, asynchronous life cycle, with continuous reproduction, which is variable among microhabitats characterized by different flow velocity and depth, and between years of differing stream discharge. Reduced stream flow during the summer of 1995 had effects of reducing densities and changing life cycle features similar to those found in 1994 (a year of higher stream flow) suboptimal habitats.
Full range leadership in the university classroom : a Hong Kong study

This article describes a Hong Kong study that examined the effects of full range leadership in the university classroom. The full range (transformational-transactional) leadership model was chosen because research has indicated that a positive association exists between transformational leadership and various desirable leadership outcomes. It was hypothesized that university instructors adopting a transformational classroom leadership style would generate positive classroom leadership outcomes and that these positive outcomes would be confirmed by positive student evaluation of teaching (SET) scores for the instructors concerned. Through the development and testing of an instrument for measuring full range leadership in the university classroom, it was noted that employment of transformational aspects of full range classroom leadership was significantly and positively associated with desirable classroom leadership outcomes. Furthermore, there was sufficient indication of an association of positive leadership outcomes with positive instructor SET scores to merit further investigation of the relationship.