Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Associated With Combat Service in Iraq or Afghanistan: Reconciling Prevalence Differences Between Studies

Abstract Studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence associated with deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan report wide variability, making interpretation and projection for research and public health purposes difficult. This article placed this literature within a military context. Studies were categorized according to deployment time-frame, screening case definition, and study group (operational infantry units exposed to direct combat versus population samples with a high proportion of support personnel). Precision weighted averages were calculated using a fixed-effects meta-analysis. Using a specific case definition, the weighted postdeployment PTSD prevalence was 5.5% (95% CI, 5.4–5.6) in population samples and 13.2% (12.8–13.7) in operational infantry units. Both population-level and unit-specific studies provided valuable and unique information for public health purposes; understanding the military context is essential for interpreting prevalence studies.
Repression of Escherichia coli carbamoylphosphate synthase: relationships with enzyme synthesis in the arginine and pyrimidine pathways

Cumulative repression of Escherichia coli carbamoylphosphate synthase (CPSase; EC 2.7.2.9) by arginine and pyrimidine was analyzed in relation to control enzyme synthesis in the arginine and pyrimidine pathways. The expression of carA and carB, the adjacent genes that specify the two subunits of the enzyme, was estimated by means of an in vitro complementation assay. The synthesis of each gene product was found to be under repression control. Coordinate expression of the two genes was observed under most conditions investigated. They might thus form an operon. The preparation of strains blocked in the degradation of cytidine and harboring leaky mutations affecting several steps of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis made it possible to distinguish between the effects of cytidine and uridine compounds in the repression of the pyrimidine pathway enzymes. The data obtained suggest that derivatives of both cytidine and uridine participate in the repression of CPSase. In addition, repression of CPSase by arginine did not appear to occur unless pyrimidines were present at a significant intracellular concentration. This observation, together with our previous report that argR mutations impair the cumulative repression of CPSase, suggests that this control is mediated through the concerted effects of regulatory elements specific for the arginine and pyrimidine pathways.
Invasive breast cancer cells exhibit increased mobility of the actin‐binding protein CapG

The CapG protein, a Gelsolin‐related actin‐binding protein, is expressed at higher levels in breast cancer, especially in metastasizing breast cancer, than in normal breast epithelium. Furthermore, it is known that an increased expression of the CapG protein triggers an increase in cell motility. According to in vitro experiments, it was supposed that it is the nuclear fraction of the protein, which causes the increase in cell motility. Here, we examined the dynamical distribution of the CapG protein within the living cell, i.e. the import of the CapG protein into the nucleus. The nuclear import kinetics of invasive, metastasizing breast cancer cells were compared to the import kinetics of non‐neoplastic cells similar to normal breast epithelium. FRAP kinetics showed a highly significant increase in the recovery of photobleached CapG–eGFP in the cancer cells, so that a differentiation of invasive, metastasizing cells and non‐invasive, non‐metastasizing cells on the basis of transport processes of the CapG protein between the nucleus and the cytoplasm seems to be possible. Comprehension of the mobility and compartmentalization of the CapG protein in normal and in cancer cells in vivo could constitute a new basis to characterize the invasiveness and metastasizing potential of breast cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of triptolide on pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in rats by using LC–MS/MS

Abstract Context: Triptolide and amlodipine are often simultaneously used for reducing urine protein excretion after renal transplantation in China clinics. Objective: This study investigated the effects of triptolide on the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Materials and methods: The pharmacokinetics of amlodipine (1 mg/kg) with or without triptolide pre-treatment (2 mg/kg/day for seven days) were investigated using a sensitive and reliable LC–MS/MS method. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of triptolide on the metabolic stability of amlodipine were investigated using rat liver microsome incubation systems. Results: The results indicated that when the rats were pre-treated with triptolide, the Cmax of amlodipine increased from 13.78 ± 3.57 to 19.96 ± 4.56 ng/mL (p < 0.05), the Tmax increased from 4.04 ± 1.15 to 5.89 ± 1.64 h (p < 0.05), and the AUC0–t increased by approximately 104% (p < 0.05), which suggested that the pharmacokinetic behaviour of amlodipine was affected after oral co-administration of triptolide. Additionally, the metabolic half-life was prolonged from 22.5 ± 4.26 to 36.8 ± 6.37 min (p < 0.05) with the pre-treatment of triptolide. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results indicated that triptolide could affect the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine, possibly by inhibiting the metabolism of amlodipine in rat liver when they are co-administered.
Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b Carriage, Central Asia

A study of children was conducted in 3 Central Asian Republics. Approximately half of the Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were serotypes included in available vaccine formulations. Approximately 6% of children carried Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Using pneumococcal and Hib conjugate vaccines may decrease illness in the Central Asian Republics.
Concomitant Fractures of the Capitellum and Radial Head

Summary: Seven cases of coexisting capitellum and radial head fractures are reported. Our best results were obtained when early open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the larger, more suitable fracture was combined with excision of the smaller fracture fragments and the early initiation of motion. Poor results were obtained when there was (a) incomplete removal of intraarticular fragments, (b) associated medial collateral ligament injuries, or (c) when ORIF was attempted on small capitellum fracture fragments.
Evaluation of the TRUGENE HCV 5′NC Genotyping Kit with the New GeneLibrarian Module 3.1.2 for Genotyping of Hepatitis C Virus from Clinical Specimens

ABSTRACT The TRUGENE HCV 5′NC genotyping kit (GeneLibrarian modules 3.1.1 and 3.1.2) and VERSANT HCV genotyping assay were compared by using 96 hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-positive patient specimens, including HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10. The TRUGENE HCV 5′NC genotyping kit (GeneLibrarian module 3.1.2) yielded the most accurate genotyping results.
Theory and Design of a Tunable Antenna on a Partially Magnetized Ferrite LTCC Substrate

For the first time, a theoretical model is presented to predict the frequency tuning of a patch antenna on a partially magnetized ferrite substrate. Both extraordinary (E) and ordinary (O) modes of the antenna are studied. The permeability tensor of the partially magnetized ferrite is calculated through the proposed theoretical model and is subsequently used to analyze the antenna's performance in a microwave simulator. Prototype antennas were built, using two different bias windings, embedded in a multilayer ferrite LTCC substrate, to demonstrate E and O mode tuning. The use of embedded windings negates the requirement of bulky electromagnets, thus providing miniaturization. The concept also eliminates the demagnetization effect, thus reducing the typically required bias fields by 95%. The prototype measurements at 13 GHz demonstrate an E-mode tuning range of 10%. The proposed theoretical model has been validated by simulations and measurements. The design is highly suitable for compact, light-weight, tunable and reconfigurable microwave systems.
Relationships between lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis during inflammation in rat mesentery microvascular networks.

BACKGROUND Lymphatic and blood microvascular systems play a coordinated role in the regulation of interstitial fluid balance and immune cell trafficking during inflammation. The objective of this study was to characterize the temporal and spatial relationships between lymphatic and blood vessel growth in the adult rat mesentery following an inflammatory stimulus. METHODS AND RESULTS Mesenteric tissues were harvested from unstimulated adult male Wistar rats and at 3, 10, and 30 days post compound 48/80 stimulation. Tissues were immunolabeled for PECAM, LYVE-1, Prox1, podoplanin, CD11b, and class III β-tubulin. Vascular area, capillary blind end density, and vascular length density were quantified for each vessel system per time point. Blood vascular area increased compared to unstimulated tissues by day 10 and remained increased at day 30. Following the peak in blood capillary sprouting at day 3, blood vascular area and density increased at day 10. The number of blind-ended lymphatic vessels and lymphatic density did not significantly increase until day 10, and lymphatic vascular area was not increased compared to the unstimulated level until day 30. Lymphangiogenesis correlated with the upregulation of class III β-tubulin expression by endothelial cells along lymphatic blind-ended vessels and increased lymphatic/blood endothelial cell connections. In local tissue regions containing both blood and lymphatic vessels, the presence of lymphatics attenuated blood capillary sprouting. CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests that lymphangiogenesis lags angiogenesis during inflammation and motivates the need for future investigations aimed at understanding lymphatic/blood endothelial cell interactions. The results also indicate that lymphatic endothelial cells undergo phenotypic changes during lymphangiogenesis.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in 2010: does chromosome 17 centromere copy number make any difference?

In December 1998, the US Food and Drug Administration simultaneously approved the therapeutic antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpressing invasive breast cancer and the immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based diagnostic test (HercepTest; Dako, Glosstrup, Denmark) designed to select patients for this novel targeted treatment. Today, more than 11 years later, anti-HER2–targeted therapy for breast cancer has become a cornerstone for treatment of HER2-positive disease; success has been achieved with use of both trastuzumab and the more recently approved tyrosine kinase small molecule inhibitor, lapatinib (Tykerb; GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA), in adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and metastatic disease settings. Given this proven impact on survival for anti-HER2–targeted therapy, the importance of accurately identifying HER2-positive breast cancer has never been greater. The article in this issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology by Perez et al explores various interactions between HER2 status determined by IHC and by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH; PathVysion; Abbott Molecular, Abbott Park, IL), the estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status determined by IHC, and the local laboratory versus central or reference laboratory HER2 testing results in the North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831 trastuzumab adjuvant trial of early-stage breast cancer. The mining of the N9831 database is of keen interest tospecialists inbreastcancer,giventhelargepatientcohortandcontinued follow-up of the clinical outcome database. In the article, Perez et al present their data on the impact of independently assessing the HER2 gene copy number and the chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) copy number for their impact on trastuzumab benefit and interactions with other clinical outcome variables. The study by Perez et al raises several important questions about the current state of HER2 testing in breast cancer, which, despite several major attempts at revision and standardization, continues to remain a serious concern for oncologists as they meet with their patients to select therapy for the disease.
Evaluation of a general practice out of hours cooperative: a questionnaire survey of general practitioners

General practitioners are increasingly working together in cooperatives to provide out of hours care. What might be the reasons for this development, and how satisfied are doctors with this new way of working? I compared an out of hours cooperative in London with a commercial deputising service. This project is described elsewhere.1 2 This paper describes both general practitioners' satisfaction with each service and the issues that determine which service they chose. I sent an anonymous postal questionnaire to all general practitioners belonging to the cooperative or subscribing to the deputising service. The overall response rate was 72% (202/280), with responses from 80% (111/139) of cooperative users and 65% (91/141) of users of the deputising service. The questionnaire had a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.79, indicating high reliability. There were no differences between cooperative and deputising service users in terms of age, sex, or practice size, with 23% (45/196) of all respondents practising singlehandedly. Most …
Inhibition of Glucose Oxidation and Fatty Acid Synthesis in Liver Slices from Fed, Fasted and Fasted–Refed Rats by Glucagon, Epinephrine and Cyclic Adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate

Summary Glucagon and cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) markedly decreased glucose-U-14C oxidation and conversion into fatty acids in liver slices from fed and fasted–refed rats. Epinephrine was much less effective. Lipogenesis from fasted rats was not reduced by any of these compounds below the level already produced by 2-day fast. The data suggest that hepatic glucagon levels are important in regulating glucose oxidation and its conversion into fatty acids. This effect appears to be mediated via modification of hepatic tissue cAMP levels.
Point vowel duration in children with hearing aids and cochlear implants at 4 and 5 years of age

Abstract This work investigates the developmental aspects of the duration of point vowels in children with normal hearing compared with those with hearing aids and cochlear implants at 4 and 5 years of age. Younger children produced longer vowels than older children, and children with hearing loss (HL) produced longer and more variable vowels than their normal hearing peers. In this study, children with hearing aids and cochlear implants did not perform differently from each other. Test age and HL did not interact, indicating parallel but delayed development in children with HL compared with their typically developing peers. Variability was found to be concentrated among the high vowels /, / but not in the low vowels /, /. The broad findings of this work are consistent with previous reports and contribute a detailed description of point vowel duration not in the literature.
The Influence of Liability Information, Severity of Injury, and Attitudes toward Vengeance on Damage Awards

This jury simulation study explored the effects of liability-related descriptive information, severity of injury, and attitudes toward vengeance on damage awards. 311 individual mock jurors read a trial summary describing a plaintiff injured in a motor vehicle accident. Half of the participants read liability-related descriptive information, theoretically unrelated to judgments concerning damages, and the other half did not. Half read about a mildly injured plaintiff, and the other half read about a severely injured plaintiff. In Phase 1 participants decided compensatory awards and in Phase 2 participants read punitive damages evidence and decided, if appropriate, punitive damages. The presence of liability-related description influenced neither compensatory nor punitive damages. Severity of the plaintiff's injuries affected compensatory awards and punitive awards. Although revenge has historically played an integral role in punitive damages, participants' attitudes toward vengeance were not associated with punitive damage awards.
Characterizations of Learnability for Classes of {0, ..., n}-Valued Functions

We investigate the PAC learnability of classes of {0, . , n}-valued functions (n 1 several generalizations of the VC-dimension, each yielding a distinct characterization of learnability, have been proposed by a number of researchers. In this paper we present a general scheme for extending the VC-dimension to the case n > 1. Our scheme defines a wide variety of notions of dimension in which all these variants of the VC-dimension, previously introduced in the context of learning, appear as special cases. Our main result is a simple condition characterizing the set of notions of dimension whose finiteness is necessary and sufficient for learning. This provides a variety of new tools for determining the learnability of a class of multi-valued functions. Our characterization is also shown to hold in the "robust" variant of PAC model and for any "reasonable" loss function.
Usages and Effects of Information and Communication Technologies on Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Oman

This paper presents the results of an exploratory study carried out to learn about the usages and effects of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Oman. The study investigates ICT infrastructure, software used, driver for ICT investment, perceptions about business benefits of ICT and outsourcing trends of SMEs. The study provides an insight on the barriers for the adoption of ICT. Lack of internal capabilities, high cost of ICT and lack of relevant information about ICT solutions and implementation seems to be some of the major barriers in adopting ICT. The results of the study show that SMEs in Oman are gradually investing in and adopting ICT. The main driving forces for ICT investment are to provide better and faster service and to stay ahead of the competition. A majority of surveyed SMEs have reported a positive performance and other benefits by utilizing ICT in their businesses.
Dynamic Coding of Goal-Directed Paths by Orbital Prefrontal Cortex

Adapting successfully to new situations relies on integrating memory of similar circumstances with the outcomes of past actions. Here, we tested how reward history and recent memory influenced coding by orbital prefrontal cortex (OFC) neurons. Rats were trained to find food in plus maze tasks that required both the OFC and the hippocampus, and unit activity was recorded during stable performance, reversal learning, and strategy switching. OFC firing distinguished different rewarded paths, journeys from a start arm to a goal arm. Activity of individual cells and the population correlated with performance as rats learned newly rewarded outcomes. Activity was similar during reversal, an OFC-dependent task, and strategy switching, an OFC-independent task, suggesting that OFC associates information about paths and outcomes both when it is required for performance and when it is not. Path-selective OFC cells fired differently during overlapping journeys that led to different goals or from different starts, resembling journey-dependent coding by hippocampal neurons. Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded simultaneously in the OFC and the hippocampus oscillated coherently in the theta band (5–12 Hz) during stable performance. LFP coherence diminished when rats adapted to altered reward contingencies and followed different paths. Thus, OFC neurons appear to participate in a distributed network including the hippocampus that associates spatial paths, recent memory, and integrated reward history.
Therapeutic Effect of Resveratrol on Oxidative Stress in Graves' Orbitopathy Orbital Fibroblasts.

PURPOSE Multiple causative factors complicate the pathogenesis in Graves' orbitopathy (GO). It has been suggested that oxidative stress contributes to the development and progression of GO. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic effect of resveratrol, a potent antioxidant, upon oxidative stress levels in GO orbital fibroblasts in vitro. METHODS Orbital fibroblasts were cultured from orbital connective tissues obtained from GO patients. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and thioredoxin (Trx), were measured after resveratrol treatment. Adipogenesis was induced, and ROS levels were examined during adipogenic differentiation. Western blot assay was performed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on the expression of antioxidants levels and transcriptional regulators. RESULTS Treatment with 30 or 50 μM resveratrol reduced ROS production and HO-1 level induced by oxidative stress. Levels of Cu/Zn-SOD, catalase, and Trx were also reduced, while Mn-SOD increased with 50 μM resveratrol treatment. Resveratrol suppressed adipogenesis, reducing the number of adipocytes and suppressing the accumulation of lipid droplets. Treatment with 50 μM resveratrol also decreased ROS levels during adipogenesis. Expression of the transcriptional regulators phosphor-extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phospho-c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase significantly increased after treatment with 50 μM resveratrol, and decreased in response to inhibitors of each protein. Phosphonuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65 levels also increased after treatment with 50 μM resveratrol. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol reduced ROS levels and inhibited adipogenesis in GO orbital fibroblasts in vitro. This study supports the potential use of resveratrol in GO treatment.
Relationship between Differential Gene Expression in Ovary and Heterosis of Egg Number Traits in a Chicken Diallel Cross

In order to understand the molecular basis of chicken heterosis in reproduction traits, mRNA differential display (DDRT-PCR) methods were used to analyze the differential gene expression of ovary tissue between hybrids and their parental lines in a 4×4 diallel cross, involving 4 chicken breeds, which were White Plymouth Rock (E), CAU Brown (D), Silkies (C) and White Leghorn (A). Total of 331 differential displayed cDNA bands from 1,161 were displayed in the 4×4 diallel cross combinations with 30 pairs of primers, which shows the differences of gene expression between hybrids and their parental lines were very obvious in quantity and quality. Seven types of differential expression patterns were found: Co-dominance expressed pattern (T1), under-expression of parental fragments in hybrids (T2), over-expression of parental fragments in hybrids (T3), hybrid-absence expressed pattern (T4), single parent- specific expressed pattern (T5), dominant expression fragments of single parent in hybrids (T6), hybrid-specific expressed pattern (T7). Correlation analysis indicated that there were significant correlations between the pattern of T3 and the heterosis percentage of egg number of 32-week and 42-week old chickens(p<0.01), while there were negative significant correlations between the pattern of T7 and the heterosis percentage of egg number of 32-week and 42 week-old birds (p<0.01). (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 6 : 767-771)