Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RTL-PSC: Automated Power Side-Channel Leakage Assessment at Register-Transfer Level

Power side-channel attacks (SCAs) have become a major concern to the security community due to their noninvasive feature, low-cost, and effectiveness in extracting secret information from hardware implementation of cryto algorithms. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate if the hardware is vulnerable to SCAs during its design and validation stages. Currently, however, there is little known effort in evaluating the vulnerability of a hardware to SCAs at early design stage. In this paper, we propose, for the first time, an automated framework, named RTL-PSC, for power side-channel leakage assessment of hardware crypto designs at register-transfer level (RTL) with built-in evaluation metrics. RTL-PSC first estimates power profile of a hardware design using functional simulation at RTL. Then it utilizes the evaluation metrics, comprising of KL divergence metric and the success rate (SR) metric based on maximum likelihood estimation to perform power side-channel leakage (PSC) vulnerability assessment at RTL. We analyze Galois-Field (GF) and Look-up Table (LUT) based AES designs using RTL-PSC and validate its effectiveness and accuracy through both gate-level simulation and FPGA results. RTL-PSC is also capable of identifying blocks∗∗‘design’ refers to top module as well as its constituting sub-modules, while a ‘block’ refers to a sub-module within the design. inside the design that contribute the most to the PSC vulnerability which can be used for efficient countermeasure implementation. ††DISCLAIMER: This paper is not subject to copyright in the United States. Commercial products are identified in order to adequately specify certain procedures. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the identified products are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
Analysis of Large-Scale Multi-Tenant GPU Clusters for DNN Training Workloads

With widespread advances in machine learning, a number of large enterprises are beginning to incorporate machine learning models across a number of products. These models are typically trained on shared, multi-tenant GPU clusters. Similar to existing cluster computing workloads, scheduling frameworks aim to provide features like high efficiency, resource isolation, fair sharing across users, etc. However Deep Neural Network (DNN) based workloads, predominantly trained on GPUs, differ in two significant ways from traditional big data analytics workloads. First, from a cluster utilization perspective, GPUs represent a monolithic resource that cannot be shared at a fine granularity across users. Second, from a workload perspective, deep learning frameworks require gang scheduling reducing the flexibility of scheduling and making the jobs themselves inelastic to failures at runtime. In this paper we present a detailed workload characterization of a two-month long trace from a multi-tenant GPU cluster in a large enterprise. By correlating scheduler logs with logs from individual jobs, we study three distinct issues that affect cluster utilization for DNN training workloads on multi-tenant clusters: (1) the effect of gang scheduling and locality constraints on queuing, (2) the effect of locality on GPU utilization, and (3) failures during training. Based on our experience running a large-scale operation, we provide design guidelines pertaining to next-generation cluster schedulers for DNN training workloads.
AI Coding: Learning to Construct Error Correction Codes

In this paper, we investigate an artificial-intelligence (AI) driven approach to design error correction codes (ECC). Classic error-correction code design based upon coding-theoretic principles typically strives to optimize some performance-related code property such as minimum Hamming distance, decoding threshold, or subchannel reliability ordering. In contrast, AI-driven approaches, such as reinforcement learning (RL) and genetic algorithms, rely primarily on optimization methods to learn the parameters of an optimal code within a certain code family. We employ a constructor-evaluator framework, in which the code constructor can be realized by various AI algorithms and the code evaluator provides code performance metric measurements. The code constructor keeps improving the code construction to maximize code performance that is evaluated by the code evaluator. As examples, we focus on RL and genetic algorithms to construct linear block codes and polar codes. The results show that comparable code performance can be achieved with respect to the existing codes. It is noteworthy that our method can provide superior performances to classic constructions in certain cases (e.g., list decoding for polar codes).
Goal-driven evaluations of sustainable products

Door de aanschaf van duurzame producten zoals “groene” levensmiddelen en duurzame energiebronnen kunnen milieuproblemen worden verminderd. Maar hoe beoordelen mensen deze producten? Deze vraag is belangrijk omdat mensen duurzame producten alleen zullen aanschaffen als ze voldoende aantrekkelijk worden gevonden. In dit proefschrift gaan we na hoe doelen van mensen invloed hebben op hun oordelen over duurzame producten. Wij veronderstellen dat mensen producten beoordelen op basis van de mate waarin deze producten hen in staat stellen om hun doelen te bereiken. Welke doelen centraal staan in een situatie wordt bepaald door waarden van mensen en door factoren in de omgeving die waarden kunnen activeren. Waarden zijn overkoepelende doelen die min of meer chronisch geactiveerd zijn. Mensen met sterke biosferische waarden hechten veel belang aan natuur en milieu, en zullen milieuvriendelijke producten positiever beoordelen, vooral als hun biosferische waarden geactiveerd worden door stimuli in de omgeving. Daarbij kan sprake zijn van een “halo” effect, waardoor men positiever oordeelt over verschillende producteigenschappen, zelfs als deze eigenschappen niet relevant zijn voor hun centrale doelen. Het is dus belangrijk om bij de promotie van duurzame producten rekening te houden met welke doelen mensen nastreven. Duurzaamheidsdoelen zullen sterker zijn als mensen sterke biosferische waarden hebben en als deze waarden zijn geactiveerd door stimuli in de omgeving. Mensen met sterke duurzaamheidsdoelen zullen vervolgens duurzame producten positiever beoordelen, mits het betreffende product hen in staat stelt deze doelen te realiseren. Dit betekent dat het gebruik van “groene” labels averechts kan werken als de gelabelde producten niet als duurzaam worden gezien.
D-SKY: A Framework for Processing Skyline Queries in a Dynamic and Incomplete Database

Processing skyline queries in incomplete data is challenging, particularly, for a database with dynamic contents in which the database is frequently updated. These update operations not only affect the skyline computation, but also influence the skyline results. Furthermore, the incompleteness of data raises the issue of losing transitivity property of skyline technique, which leads to the problem of cyclic dominance. It is undesirable to process skyline queries on a dynamic and incomplete database by directly applying skyline process over the entire updated database due to the prohibitive cost. Thus, this paper proposes a framework called D-SKY for processing skyline queries in a dynamic and incomplete database. D-SKY aims at avoiding scanning the whole database after an update operation is performed to identify the new skylines. In this paper, we consider the case of an insert operation, in which database is updated by adding new data items. D-SKY framework exploits the existing skylines to identify the newly added dominated data items before applying the skyline process. Therefore, a large amount of dominated data items is pruned, which reduces the number of domination tests to be conducted and helps in avoiding scanning the whole data after an update operation is performed. Experiment result conducted on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrates that our solution outperforms the existing solutions in terms of reducing the number of pairwise comparisons and processing time.
Towards incorporating honeywords in n-session recording attack resilient unaided authentication services

Unaided authentication services provide the flexibility to login without being dependent on any external hardware. n-Session recording attack resilient unaided authentication services (n-SRRUASs) are known for setting high security standards against different client side threats. However, because of their authentication procedure, the authors have identified that these services cope poorly with handling the server side issues. Though modern days' research heavily depends on the honeywords (or fake passwords) as a countermeasure of server side threats, they have shown that the honeywords cannot be directly applied to n-SRRUAS. The authors' analysis shows that the idea of incorporating the honeywords directly into an n-SRRUAS is particularly difficult as it prevents the system from storing passwords after applying password-based key derivation function or in the form of a hashed string. In this study, they have proposed few generic principles for incorporating the honeywords into n-SRRUAS and show that the proposed principles are sufficient for incorporating the honeywords into any n-SRRUAS. Furthermore, with the help of an existing n-SRRUAS, they have shown that the proposed idea is truly implementable in practice to fill the existing gap.
MS-guided many-objective evolutionary optimisation for test suite minimisation

Test suite minimisation is a process that seeks to identify and then eliminate the obsolete or redundant test cases from the test suite. It is a trade-off between cost and other value criteria and is appropriate to be described as a many-objective optimisation problem. This study introduces a mutation score (MS)-guided many-objective optimisation approach, which prioritises the fault detection ability of test cases and takes MS, cost and three standard code coverage criteria as objectives for the test suite minimisation process. They use six classical evolutionary many-objective optimisation algorithms to identify efficient test suite, and select three small programs from the Software-Artefact Infrastructure Repository (SIR) and two larger program space and gzip for experimental evaluation as well as statistical analysis. The experiment results of the three small programs show non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) with tuning was the most effective approach. However, MOEA/D-PBI and MOEA/D-WS outperform NSGA-II in the cases of two large programs. On the other hand, the test cost of the optimal test suite obtained by their proposed MS-guided many-objective optimisation approach is much lower than the one without it in most situation for both small programs and large programs.
Central nervous system tumor registration in the Swedish Cancer Register and Inpatient Register between 1990 and 2014

Background The Swedish Cancer Register (SCR) is characterized by excellent quality and completeness overall, but the quality of the reporting may vary according to tumor site and age, and may change over time. The aim of the current study was to investigate the completeness of the reporting of central nervous system (CNS) tumor cases to the SCR. Materials and methods Individuals hospitalized for a CNS tumor between 1990 and 2014 were identified using the Inpatient Register; the proportion of identified cases that did not have any cancer diagnosis reported to the SCR was subsequently assessed. Results Between 1990 and 2014, 58,698 individuals were hospitalized for a CNS tumor, and a large proportion of them did not have any cancer diagnosis reported to the SCR (26%). This discrepancy was particularly pronounced for benign tumors and among elderly patients (over 30%). It was substantially lower for malignant brain tumors among adults (10%); moreover, no increase in the discrepancy between the two registers was observed in this group during the study period. Similar findings were found when assessing the concordance between the Cause of Death Register and the SCR. Among CNS tumor patients who were not reported to the SCR, a large proportion had only one hospital discharge diagnosis containing a CNS tumor (35%) and were less likely to be found in the Outpatient Register, which indicates that a large proportion of patients may have received an erroneous diagnosis. Conclusion While a large proportion of CNS tumor patients were not reported to the SCR, the discrepancy between the SCR and the Inpatient Register was relatively small for malignant brain tumors among adults and has remained stable throughout the study period. We do not recommend that data from the Inpatient Register are combined with the SCR to estimate CNS tumor incidence, without proper confirmation of the diagnoses, as a considerable proportion of CNS tumor diagnoses registered in the Inpatient Register is unlikely to reflect true CNS tumors.
Correlation between grip strength and pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in stroke patients over 50 years of age

Age-related skeletal muscle changes may impact respiratory muscle function, and low muscle mass is associated with low pulmonary function in older adults. Stroke not only causes weakness in the muscles of the upper and lower limbs, but it can also affect the respiratory system. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between grip strength and pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in stroke patients over 50 years of age. Fifty-one patients (68.69±10.40 years) who had been clinically diagnosed with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were included in this study. We measured these patients’ forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and hand grip strength. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Grip strength showed significant correlations with FVC (r=0.686, P=0.000), FEV1 (r=0.607, P=0.000), PEF (r=0.494, P=0.000), MIP (r=0.239, P=0.091), and MEP (r=0.348, P=0.012). This study demonstrated that grip strength is associated with pulmonary function and MEP in stroke patients over 50 years of age.
Effects of exercise type on estrogen, tumor markers, immune function, antioxidant function, and physical fitness in postmenopausal obese women

This study aims to identify the effects of exercise type on estrogen, tumor markers, immune function, antioxidant function, and physical fitness in postmenopausal obese women. The subjects were 30 post-menopausal obese women with body fat percentage higher than 30%. Participants were divided into aerobic exercise group (n=10; age, 53.70±3.37 years), resistance exercise group (n=10; age, 52.20±2.15 years), and control group (n=10; age, 52.50±2.68 years). Estrogen and growth hormone showed no significant difference in the aerobic exercise group, resistance exercise group, and control group. Tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein was increased in the aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and control groups (P<0.01). The metabolic syndrome risk factor was decreased in the aerobic and resistance exercise groups, which was shown by the reduction of weight (P<0.001), body fat percentage (P<0.001), waist circumference (P<0.05), and increase of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P<0.001). natural killer cell activity was increased in the aerobic exercise group, resistance exercise group, and control group (P<0.001). Oxidative stress was decreased in the aerobic exercise group, resistance exercise group, and control group (P<0.001). Maximum oxygen uptake was increased in the aerobic and resistance exercise groups, but aerobic exercise was more effective (P<0.05). Knee isokinetic extensor muscle was increased in both the aerobic and resistance exercise groups (P<0.001). Aerobic and resistance exercise of postmenopausal obese women can be considered an effective intervention program to prevent metabolic syndrome and improve physical fitness.
Levels of understanding of the rules of correct medical usage among vietnamese pharmacy students: a cross-sectional study

Summary Background Comprehensive misunderstanding about medicine usage is often associated with high treatment risks which have led to unexpected and adverse effects or even death. Many researches assessing health literacy have been undertaken, but only in adults. This study was undertaken to evaluate the level of understanding in students of medical terms and its correlation with gender, grade and parental occupation. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2017 with 594 students (28.6% of men and 71.4% of women) of Hanoi University of Pharmacy from freshman to fifth-year students chosen randomly. The knowledge of pharmacy students was assessed by a questionnaire including 25 medical terms. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used with p < 0.05 as level of statistical significance. Results The level of understanding of students was high with most of medical terms reaching over 70% correct answers. A positive significant association between health literacy and education was found with higher knowledge demonstrated in upper years, while there was no difference among students with and without parents belonging to the medical field. Regarding the relation with gender, there was no significant correlation for most medical terms. Conclusions Levels of understanding of medical terms in pharmacy students was high, presenting a significant association with education. This study should be extended in order to assess the level of health literacy in various populations, thereby indirect evaluating implementation of medical preventive programs.
A case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that was difficult to diagnose prior to surgery: A case report

The present study reports a case of mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), which mimicked cholangiocellular carcinoma (CoCC) during imaging and a needle biopsy examination. A 51-year-old female with no relevant medical history was referred to the National Defense Medical College hospital with an intrahepatic tumor. Computed tomography demonstrated non-homogeneous enhancement in the early arterial phase and persistent enhancement in the portal and equilibrium phases, together with notable swelling of the para-aortic lymph nodes. Gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed low signal intensity in the hepatobiliary phase. The liver tumor and lymph nodes exhibited increased radiotracer uptake (maximum standardized uptake value=14.0) with positron emission tomography. A histological examination of a percutaneous needle biopsy specimen of the liver tumor indicated a diagnosis of CoCC. The patient underwent left hepatectomy and lymphadenectomy. The surgical specimen contained a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with anaplastic changes, which was immunohistochemically positive for epithelial membrane antigen (at the luminal membrane), cytokeratins 7 and 19, and negative for α-fetoprotein, hepatocyte-specific antigen, cluster of differentiation 56 and KIT. Based on these histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, the patient was diagnosed with ICC.
Correlation between the dimensions of diaphragm movement, respiratory functions and pressures in accordance with the gross motor function classification system levels in children with cerebral palsy

This study was executed as correlation study to investigate the correlation between the dimensions of diaphragm movement, and respiratory functions and pressures in accordance with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels on children with cerebral palsy as the participants. Forty-three children in the age range of 5–13 years diagnosed with cerebral palsy as the research participants were divided into three groups (levels I, II, and III) through systematic stratified random sampling in accordance with their GMFCS levels. Pearson correlation analysis was executed to examine the correlation between dimensions of diaphragm movement, and respiratory functions and pressures in accordance with the GMFCS levels of the participants. There was no significant correlation between the dimensions of diaphragm movement, and respiratory functions and pressures in all of the three groups in accordance with the GMFCS levels of the participants. Therefore, it is deemed that although measurement of the dimensions of diaphragm movement of children with cerebral palsy by using diagnostic ultrasonic M-mode imaging device can be considered as auxiliary tool in predicting the breathing capabilities, it cannot be used as independent measurement equipment.
Pancreatic injuries after blunt abdominal trauma: an analysis of 110 patients treated at a level 1 trauma centre.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Injuries to the pancreas are uncommon, but may result in considerable morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the management of blunt pancreatic injuries using a previously defined protocol to determine which factors predicted morbidity and mortality. METHODS The study design was a retrospective chart review of all adult patients with blunt pancreatic injuries treated at a level 1 trauma centre between March 1981 and June 2009. RESULTS One hundred and ten patients (92 men, 18 women; mean age 30 years, range 13-68 years) were treated during the study period. Forty-six patients had American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade 1 or 2 pancreatic injuries and 64 had AAST grade 3, 4 or 5 pancreatic injuries. Injuries involved the head (N=21), neck (N=15), body (N=48) and tail (N=26) of the pancreas. The mean number of organs injured was 2.7 per patient (range 1-4). One hundred and one patients underwent a total of 123 operations, including drainage of the pancreatic injury (N=73), distal pancreatectomy (N=39) and Whipple resection (N=5). The overall complication rate was 74.5% and the mortality rate 16.4%. Only 2 of the 18 deaths were attributable to the pancreatic injury. Shock on presentation was highly predictive of death; 17 of 39 patients with shock died, compared with 1 of 71 patients who were not shocked (p < 0.0001). Fourteen of 46 patients with grade 1 and 2 pancreatic injuries died compared with 4 of 64 patients with grades 3, 4 and 5 injuries (p < 0.001). Mortality increased exponentially as the number of associated injuries increased. Two of 57 patients with injury to the pancreas only or one associated injury died, compared with 16 of 53 with two or more associated injuries (p < 0.0013). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated a significant correlation between the AAST grade of injury and pancreas-specific morbidity and between shock on admission, the number of associated injuries and death, in patients with blunt pancreatic injuries. Although morbidity and mortality rates after blunt pancreatic trauma are high, death was usually the result of major associated injuries and not related to the pancreatic injury.