Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Different Implant Surfaces and Photodynamic Therapy on Periodontopathic Bacteria Using TaqMan PCR Assay following Peri-Implantitis Treatment in Dog Model

Introduction Peri-implantitis is one of the late complications that leads to implant failure and is associated with specific microorganisms identified as periodontopathic bacteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the different implant surfaces and number of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola using TaqMan PCR assay after peri-implantitis treatment using photodynamic therapy. Method Forty-eight dental implants with four different surface treatments (M: machined; SA: sandblasted acid-etched; S: 1 µm sputter HA-coated; and P: plasma spraying HA-coated) were inserted in six beagle dogs. After nine months of peri-implantitis induction, a split mouth design was used; on control side decontamination was performed using open flap mechanical debridement OFD with plastic curette, while photodynamic therapy PDT using diode laser (Ga Al As 830-nm) was used in the test side. For the following 2 weeks low-level laser therapy LLLT (10mW) was applied for the test side on alternative days for 6 sec on each implant side. Peri-implant microbial samples were collected using paper points and analyzed using TaqMan PCR before peri-implantitis treatment, immediately after treatment and 5 months posttreatment. Results Both treatment modalities showed significant decrease in all bacterial count from baseline to immediately after treatment (P< 0.0001). The count increased between immediately after treatment to 5 months after treatment (P< 0.0001); however, the count after 5 months was significantly lower than at baseline. PDT had a stronger effect on reducing P. gingivalis count than T. denticola and T. forsythia compared to OFD. For T. forsythia, implant surface treatment had the greatest effect which was also statistically significant (P= 0.02) with considerably lower effect of PDT or their interaction. Conclusion The results suggest that PDT and OFD have significant benefits in peri-implantitis treatment by reducing bacterial count. The presence of bacterial complex with different response to therapeutic modality suggests the use of combined decontamination methods for peri-implantitis treatment.
Spiritual Perspective, Mindfulness, and Spiritual Care Practice of Hospice and Palliative Nurses

Spiritual care is a key tenet of palliative care. A nurse's spiritual perspective has been recognized as an influencing factor in spiritual care, and results from several studies have shown an increase in spiritual perspective as a result of participation in programs designed to develop mindfulness as well as developing skills necessary for spiritual care. A descriptive correlational design was used with a convenience sample of nurses from the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association. Data were collected online using the Spiritual Perspective Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale. Spiritual perspective was positively correlated with age (&rgr; = 0.2, P = .046), years of registered nurse experience (&rgr; = 0.208, P = .039) and higher in those with a religious affiliation (U = 392.5, P < .001, r = 0.54). A positive correlation was found between mindfulness and spiritual care (r = 0.212, P = .05), with mindfulness explaining 4.5% of the variance in spiritual care. No significant relationships were found between spiritual perspective and mindfulness or spiritual care. Identifying mindfulness as a factor that may influence spiritual care has implications for education, research, and practice.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation*

Objectives: Describe the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in pediatric patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and provide dosing recommendations to attain an area under the curve for 24 hours greater than 400 in this population. Design: Retrospective, population pharmacokinetic analysis. Setting: PICU of a large tertiary care children’s hospital. Interventions: Population pharmacokinetic analysis and simulation were performed with NONMEM v7.3 (Icon, PLC, Dublin, Ireland). Patients: Patients less than 19 years old who received IV vancomycin and had serum vancomycin concentration monitoring while undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from January 1, 2011, to June 30, 2017. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 93 patients met study criteria (male 51%, median age 0.64 yr [interquartile range 0.07–6.7 yr]). Mean estimated creatinine clearance was 65 ± 47 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients received 1,116 vancomycin doses (14.6 ± 1.9 mg/kg/dose) and had 433 vancomycin serum concentrations (13.6 ± 6.9 mg/L) at 13.2 ± 10.7 hours after a dose. A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with allometrically scaled weight on clearance (0.75) and volumes of distribution (1) was developed. Serum creatinine, postmenstrual age were significant covariates for clearance, patient age for central volume of distribution, and albumin for peripheral volume of distribution. Simulation identified a doses of 25–30 mg/kg/dose every 12–24 hours as having the highest percentage of patients with an area under the curve for 24 hours greater than 400 with the highest percentage trough concentrations in the less than 15 mg/L range. Conclusions: A vancomycin dose of 25–30 mg/kg/dose every 12–24 hours with serum concentration monitoring is a reasonable empiric dosing strategy to obtain an area under the curve for 24 hours greater than 400 in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients.
High-frequency auditory thresholds in normal hearing adults.

PURPOSE Evaluate high-frequency auditory thresholds, seeking to compare responses between the ears, to verify the correlation between hearing level and aging and analyze frequency responses in normal hearing adults. METHODS This is a prospective, quantitative, transversal study conducted with a convenience sample. Study participants were 60 individuals aged 18 to 58 years (mean=25.82) with auditory thresholds within normality standards (250-8000 Hz) and normal results in acoustic immittance measurements. High-frequency pure-tone hearing thresholds were determined using an Interacoustics AS10HF audiometer with electrodynamic high-fidelity KOSS R/80 headphones, with thresholds expressed in dBNPS. RESULTS Hearing thresholds showed an increase for the right ear with statistical significance at the 10, 11 and 14 kHz frequencies and a tendency to significance at 13 kHz. As of the 14 kHz frequency, a progressive increase directly proportional to the frequency was observed bilaterally, with the thresholds increasing proportionally to age advancement for all frequencies. CONCLUSION High-frequency auditory thresholds progressively increase proportionally to frequency and age advancement in normal hearing individuals, with higher values ​​for the right ear.
Early shape change behaviour of an uncemented contemporary hip cup: A cadaveric experiment replicating host bone behaviour through temperature control

Modular uncemented acetabular components are in common use. Fixation is dependent upon press-fit but the forces necessary to achieve initial stability of the construct at implantation may deform the shell and prevent optimal seating of the polyethylene liner insert. Previous work using single-time point measurements in uncontrolled ambient temperature poorly replicates the native state. A controlled study was performed to observe the time-dependent behaviour of an uncemented acetabular shell in the early phase after implantation into the human acetabulum at near physiological temperature. Using a previously validated cadaveric hip model at controlled near physiological temperature with standardised surgical technique, immediate and delayed shell geometry was determined. Eight custom made 3-mm-thick titanium alloy (TiAl6V4) shells were implanted into four cadavers (eight hips). Time-dependent shell deformation was determined using the previously validated ATOS Triple Scan III (ATOS) optical measurement system. The pattern of change in the shape of the surgically implanted shell was measured at three time points after insertion. We found a consistent pattern for quantitative and directional deformation of the shells. In addition, there was consistency for relaxation of the deformation with time. Immediate mean change in shell radius was 104 µm (standard deviation 32, range 67–153) relaxing to mean 96 µm (standard deviation 32, range 63–150) after 10 min and mean 92 µm (standard deviation 28, range 66–138) after 20 min. The clinical significance of this work is the finding of a time-dependent early deformation of acetabular titanium shells on insertion adjusted for near physiological temperature-controlled host bone.
Addressing Religious or Cultural Opposition to Brain Death Diagnosis

In 1968, the neurologic or “brain death” standard for declaration was introduced as an accepted standard for declaration of death in hospitals where heartbeat and breathing are being sustained by technology, but functions of the brain, including the brain stem, have ceased. For many people, this accepted ethical, legal, and medical definition of death by neurologic standards can seem to blur the line between life and death as the heart is still beating, the lungs are still moving air albeit by mechanical ventilation, and the body is still warm. As experts in end-of-life care, hospice and palliative care nurses must be knowledgeable about declaration of death by neurologic criteria, understand beliefs that do not support the concept, and collaborate with the health care team in providing compassionate end-of-life care. This article will use a case study to describe the legal and ethical challenges that ensue when religious and/or cultural beliefs result in rejection of the concept of brain death and propose ethically sound strategies to navigate these challenges within a framework of culturally congruent care that includes a 4-step process to progressively appreciate, accommodate, negotiate, and/or explicate the differences.
Beclin1 overexpression suppresses tumor cell proliferation and survival via an autophagy-dependent pathway in human synovial sarcoma cells

Beclin1 is an important autophagy-related protein, which is involved in both autophagy and apoptosis. In recent years, the antitumor effect of Beclin1 has received increased attention. In the present study, we established a stable Beclin1-overexpressing cell line with SW982 human synovial sarcoma cells. We found that Beclin1 overexpression decreased the cell viability, inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in SW982 cells. The expression levels of Bcl-2 and PCNA were decreased, while the levels of cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP were increased. Beclin1 is closely related with autophagy, thus the autophagy-related markers LC3 and p62 were detected by western blot analysis, and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe autophagosomes. The results showed that the expression level of LC3II was increased and that of p62 was decreased. Moreover, many double membrane-enclosed autophagosomes were found in cells with Beclin1 overexpression, which indicated that the autophagic activity was enhanced. To explore the effect of autophagy on the viability of SW982 cells, Atg5 was knocked down using siRNA to inhibit the autophagic activity. We found that autophagy contributed to the decrease in cell viability. Knockdown of Atg5 increased the viability and decreased the apoptotic rate of SW982 cells with Beclin1 overexpression. The expression level of Bcl-2 was increased, while the expression levels of cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP were decreased. We also found that the Akt/Bcl-2/caspase-9 pathway was involved. The phosphorylation of AKT was positively correlated with cell viability. The cleavage of caspase-9 was increased by Beclin1 overexpression and decreased by inhibition of autophagy. Altogether, our results suggested that both autophagy and apoptosis contributed to the antitumor effect of Beclin1 in SW982 cells.
Security and Privacy Issues in Deep Learning

With the development of machine learning (ML), expectations for artificial intelligence (AI) technology have been increasing daily. In particular, deep neural networks have shown outstanding performance results in many fields. Many applications are deeply involved in our daily life, such as making significant decisions in application areas based on predictions or classifications, in which a DL model could be relevant. Hence, if a DL model causes mispredictions or misclassifications due to malicious external influences, then it can cause very large difficulties in real life. Moreover, training DL models involve an enormous amount of data and the training data often include sensitive information. Therefore, DL models should not expose the privacy of such data. In this paper, we review the vulnerabilities and the developed defense methods on the security of the models and data privacy under the notion of secure and private AI (SPAI). We also discuss current challenges and open issues.
Upregulation of PD-L1 expression by resveratrol and piceatannol in breast and colorectal cancer cells occurs via HDAC3/p300-mediated NF-κB signaling

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed in cancer cells interacting with its receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expressed in immune cells represents a regulatory axis linked to the suppression and evasion of host immune functions. The blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction using monoclonal antibodies has emerged as an effective therapy for several solid tumors; however, durable response has been observed in a subset of patients with PD-L1-positive tumors. Thus, the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells may help to improve the response to PD-L1 blockade therapies. In this study, we investigated whether resveratrol, a grape-derived stilbenoid with immunoregulatory activity, modulates the expression of PD-L1 in breast and colorectal cancer cells. The surface expression of PD-L1 was determined by flow cytometry in cancer cells treated with resveratrol and/or piceatannol. Each stilbenoid alone induced PD-L1 and when used in combination, elicited a synergistic upregulation of PD-L1 in some cell lines. The induction of PD-L1 by the combined use of stilbenoids was most pronounced in the Cal51 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and SW620 colon cancer cells. The observed induction of PD-L1 was transcriptionally mediated by nuclear factor (NF)-κB, as shown by NF-κB reporter assays, the nuclear accumulation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, inhibition by the IKK inhibitor, BMS-345541, and histone the modification inhibitors, resminostat, entinostat or anacardic acid. Combined treatment with resveratrol and piceatannol also decreased tumor cell survival as indicated by the upregulation of the DNA damaging marker, γH2AX, the cleavage of caspase 3, the downregulation of the survival markers, p38-MAPK/c-Myc, and G1-to-S cell cycle arrest.
Scene through the eyes of an apex predator: a comparative analysis of the shark visual system

The eyes of apex predators, such as the shark, have fascinated comparative visual neuroscientists for hundreds of years with respect to how they perceive the dark depths of their ocean realm or the visual scene in search of prey. As the earliest representatives of the first stage in the evolution of jawed vertebrates, sharks have an important role to play in our understanding of the evolution of the vertebrate eye, including that of humans. This comprehensive review covers the structure and function of all the major ocular components in sharks and how they are adapted to a range of underwater light environments. A comparative approach is used to identify: species‐specific diversity in the perception of clear optical images; photoreception for various visual behaviours; the trade‐off between image resolution and sensitivity; and visual processing under a range of levels of illumination. The application of this knowledge is also discussed with respect to the conservation of this important group of cartilaginous fishes.
Unmanned aerial vehicle path planning for trafﬁc estimation and detection of non-recurrent congestion

ABSTRACT Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide a novel means of extracting road and traffic information from video data. In particular, by analyzing objects in a video frame, UAVs can detect traffic characteristics and road incidents. Leveraging the mobility and detection capabilities of UAVs, we investigate a navigation algorithm that seeks to maximize information on the road/traffic state under non-recurrent congestion. We propose an active exploration framework that (1) assimilates UAV observations with speed-density sensor data, (2) quantifies uncertainty on the road/traffic state, and (3) adaptively navigates the UAV to minimize this uncertainty. The navigation algorithm uses the A-optimal information measure (mean uncertainty), and it depends on covariance matrices generated by a dual state ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Our results indicate that targeted UAV observations aid in the detection of incidents under congested conditions where speed-density data are not informative.
CLEC3B is downregulated and inhibits proliferation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Dysregulation of C-Type Lectin Domain Family 3 Member B (CLEC3B) in serum or tumor tissues has been reported in patients with various cancer types. However, the expression and function of CLEC3B in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain unknown. To examine the function of CLEC3B in ccRCC, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were examined to determine the expression of CLEC3B at the transcriptional level and it was demonstrated that CLEC3B mRNA was significantly downregulated in ccRCC compared with normal tissues (P<0.0001 and P=0.0392 in TCGA and GEO databases, respectively). The downregulation of CLEC3B was further validated at the protein level in 78.9% of ccRCCs by immunohistochemistry. To investigate the potential genetic mechanism for CLEC3B downregulation in ccRCC, copy number analysis was performed by profiling the copy number variation data from the TCGA project and it was revealed that the copy number loss of CLEC3B was prevalent in up to 88.1% of patients with ccRCC. CLEC3B genetic deletion was coupled with the well-known genetic loss of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, which is a characteristic oncogenic event during ccRCC carcinogenesis. The downregulation of CLEC3B was associated with tumor progression and predicted unfavorable prognostic outcomes in the TCGA cohort. Real-time cell analyzer system technology revealed that CLEC3B inhibited the proliferation of ccRCC cell lines in vitro and that the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway may contribute to this process. CLEC3B demonstrated substantial positive associations with proliferation inhibitors, but inverse associations with proliferation inducers and markers in two large ccRCC cohorts, suggesting that CLEC3B was able to identify ccRCCs with a lower proliferation capacity. In conclusion, the results of the present study propose that CLEC3B is a promising target for therapeutic intervention in ccRCC.
Perioperative Course of Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery through Endoscopic versus Microscopic Approach: Interim Concerns for Neurosurgical Anesthesiology

ABSTRACT Background: Endonasal endoscopic approach for transsphenoidal excision of pituitary adenoma has undergone remarkable evolution in the last two decades. It is considered less invasive and less stressful, with results comparable to the previous “gold standard” technique of microscopic transsphenoidal excision of pituitary adenoma. The aim of this study was to compare the various perioperative anesthetic and surgical factors which differ in the two approaches (endoscopic vs. microscopic) for pituitary adenoma excision, during the period when surgeons increasingly started using endoscope at our center. Materials and Methods: Data of 307 patients from January 2011 to December 2013 were reviewed in this retrospective study. Various parameters were divided and compared on the basis of the type of approach for pituitary tumor resection vis-à-vis microscope-assisted sublabial transsphenoidal (MSLTS) resection or microscope-assisted transnasal transsphenoidal (MTNTS) resection or endoscope-assisted endonasal transsphenoidal (ETSS) resection. Results: Demographic variables (except age); tumor type, dimensions, and invasiveness; patients’ comorbidities; postoperative nausea/vomiting, electrolyte imbalance, respiratory, and cardiovascular problems were comparable among three groups. Duration of surgery and anesthesia were shortest for MTNTS group and longest for ETSS group (P < 0.001). Blood loss was higher in ETSS technique (median 300 mL) and least in MTNTS (median 100 mL), and the difference was significant across all three groups (P = 0.0003). Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea was 17% in the MSLTS group compared to 6.5% in MTNTS and 7.9% in ETSS (P = 0.047). Conclusion: ETSS with the expected advantage of being less invasive offers a better chance for complete resection of adenoma. Neuroanesthesiologist must be prepared for longer surgical time and more blood loss as compared to previous microscopic approach, at least till the surgeons expertise in this newer technique.
Arterial Dissection Following the Use of Remote Aspiration Thrombectomy

ABSTRACT Remote aspiration thrombectomy using a balloon guide catheter for acute carotid artery occlusion has been proposed as a safe and effective technique. We present a case of iatrogenic arterial dissection of the distal cervical segment in a patient with proximal vessel occlusion who underwent attempted revascularization using this strategy. A 57-year-old male patient presented with computed tomography (CT) angiogram evidence of a left carotid terminus and M1 segment occlusion. The patient was taken emergently for mechanical thrombectomy. Remote aspiration thrombectomy was attempted twice using manual aspiration through a balloon guide catheter in the common carotid artery; however, this resulted in minimal recanalization of the carotid terminus and a new iatrogenic dissection within the internal carotid artery (ICA) just proximal to the skull base. Despite multiple additional attempts at mechanical thrombectomy, only limited recanalization of the ICA terminus and anterior cerebral artery distribution was achieved, with no significant flow past the M1 segment. After the procedure, a large ischemic territory within the left middle cerebral artery distribution consistent with the continued M1 segment occlusion was apparent on CT. The patient died on the poststroke day 6. Although remote aspiration thrombectomy for thromboemboli in this location has potential benefits, it should be used cautiously given the potential risk of injury to the proximal vasculature.
Solitary juvenile polyp as a cause of elevated faecal calprotectin in an adult

Faecal calprotectin (FCP) levels are commonly measured in both primary and secondary care as an adjunct to the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Juvenile polyps are a rare form of colonic polyp found in both adults and children. We present a case of an adult patient who presented with a very high FCP level, which subsequently normalised following removal of a solitary colonic juvenile polyp. There was no evidence of IBD. Elevation of FCP levels due to this type of colonic pathology have not previously been described in the literature.