Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Backward-looking and Forward-looking Information Debias Prospect Effect in Earnings Announcement?

This study examines the important issue of whether additional pieces of information about the earnings’ characteristics (their quantitative description and predicted earnings) can debias the prospect effect of the earnings’ announcement. The prospect effect bias can be mitigated by the availability of clear information and an integrated disclosure. Additional information that is included with the previous information will make the investors’ beliefs stronger and it will debias any psychological effects.This research confirms the prospect effect’s bias that investors react more negatively when evaluating a company’s performance after a negative earnings information disclosure rather than react positively in evaluating the performance for a positive earnings information disclosure. The results also show that when additional pieces of information, such as a quantitative description and predicted earnings are added, they can mitigate the prospect effect’s bias. Additional information of predicted earnings as forward-looking oriented information has a stronger debiasing effect than that of additional information of a quantitative description as backward-looking oriented information.
Distribution Records and Comments on Mammals in Western South Dakota

ABSTRACT. The mammal fauna of western South Dakota is imperfectly known; in particular there is a notable paucity of data from Indian reservations in the region. We collected mammals from January 2003 through May 2006 using a variety of standard methodologies, including trapping with snap-traps and Macabee traps, shooting, and salvaging road- and hunter-killed animals. Herein we provide 23 specimen-based county records representing 17 species of mammals. In addition, a photo record constitutes the first report of Dasypus novemcinctus from South Dakota and the northernmost record in the United States. The possible local extirpation of Marmota flaviventris in the southern Black Hills is discussed.
THE MULTIPLICITY OF MASSIVE STARS: A HIGH ANGULAR RESOLUTION SURVEY WITH THE HST FINE GUIDANCE SENSOR

We present the results of an all-sky survey made with the Fine Guidance Sensor on the Hubble Space Telescope to search for angularly resolved binary systems among massive stars. The sample of 224 stars is comprised mainly of Galactic O- and B-type stars and luminous blue variables, plus a few luminous stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The FGS TRANS mode observations are sensitive to the detection of companions with an angular separation between 0. ″01 and 1. ″0 and brighter than △ m = 5 ? > . The FGS observations resolved 52 binary and 6 triple star systems and detected partially resolved binaries in 7 additional targets (43 of these are new detections). These numbers yield a companion detection frequency of 29% for the FGS survey. We also gathered literature results on the numbers of close spectroscopic binaries and wider astrometric binaries among the sample, and we present estimates of the frequency of multiple systems and the companion frequency for subsets of stars residing in clusters and associations, field stars, and runaway stars. These results confirm the high multiplicity fraction, especially among massive stars in clusters and associations. We show that the period distribution is approximately flat in increments of log P ? > . We identify a number of systems of potential interest for long-term orbital determinations, and we note the importance of some of these companions for the interpretation of the radial velocities and light curves of close binaries that have third companions.
Trust, Privacy, and Peer Group Correlates of Intention to Adopt the Automated Teller Machine in Nigeria 1998-2012

The study investigated the influence of Trust, Privacy, and Peer group on intention to adopt the Automated Teller machine by money deposit banks’ retail customers in South- South Nigeria. The cross-sectional survey research design was employed. A total of 400 copies of the questionnaire were administered to captive customers of state headquarters of 14 banks in the six states that make up the South-South zone of Nigeria. The Regression model was employed for analysis using the SPSS application package, version 17. It was found that Trust and Privacy-in-use influence the ATM adoption by bank customers in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that banks should consider privacy-in-use and Trust in their managerial decisions to increase the ATM adoption in South-South Nigeria. Since privacy-in-use has the highest influence on the ATM adoption, banks should consider it paramount and ensure that the ATM is always installed in places where the user customer will not feel somebody is watching and is likely to have access to confidential information such as the pin code. An enclosure that takes only one person at a time is advised. Again, the banks should intensify efforts on image building campaign. Keywords: Trust, privacy Peer group, Correlates, intention to Adopt, Automated Teller machine
What is a brand? A Perspective on Brand Meaning

Brand is a complex phenomenon. Though brands have been widely discussed and debated in academic world; a common understanding on brand could not be made among the brand experts. Each expert comes up with his or her own definition of brand or nuances of definition (Kapferer, 2004), which increases the complexity in brand interpretation as well as its management. This article aims to provide an overview of the existing academic literature defining the brand by analyzing and synthesizing more than three dozen definition of brand. The review of the existing literature was done to reduce the time and efforts of present and future researchers in this area by providing a quick snapshot of the existing definitions; pointing unanswered questions and various perspectives that constitutes brand meaning. At the end views and critical analysis have been presented reflecting authors understanding of the brands. Keywords: Brand, identity, relationship value, signal, image.
Design and application of a metal wet-etching post-process for the improvement of CMOS-MEMS capacitive sensors

This study presents a process design methodology to improve the performance of a CMOS-MEMS gap-closing capacitive sensor. In addition to the standard CMOS process, the metal wet-etching approach is employed as the post-CMOS process to realize the present design. The dielectric layers of the CMOS process are exploited to form the main micro mechanical structures of the sensor. The metal layers of the CMOS process are used as the sensing electrodes and sacrificial layers. The advantages of the sensor design are as follows: (1) the parasitic capacitance is significantly reduced by the dielectric structure, (2) in-plane and out-of-plane sensing gaps can be reduced to increase the sensitivity, and (3) plate-type instead of comb-type out-of-plane sensing electrodes are available to increase the sensing electrode area. To demonstrate the feasibility of the present design, a three-axis capacitive CMOS-MEMS accelerometers chip is implemented and characterized. Measurements show that the sensitivities of accelerometers reach 11.5 mV G−1 (in the X-, Y-axes) and 7.8 mV G−1 (in the Z-axis), respectively, which are nearly one order larger than existing designs. Moreover, the detection of 10 mG excitation using the three-axis accelerometer is demonstrated for both in-plane and out-of-plane directions.
A study on the chronology and sequence of eruption of primary teeth in Spanish children.

Aim The aim of this study is to determine the timing of primary teeth eruption in Spanish children, and to distinguish gender and arch differences. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was performed on primary teeth eruption in a sample of 1,250 children (623 girls and 627 boys) from the Region of Madrid aged between 3 and 42 months. The clinical emergence of teeth was taken to estimate the mean ages of primary teeth eruption. The t test was used to analyse gender and arch differences. Results The process of primary dentition lasted 22.28 months, and statistically significant differences were found in the eruption of homologous contralateral teeth. The first molars and maxillary lateral incisors erupted earlier in girls than in boys, with no statistically significant chronological differences. The central incisors and second molars erupted first in the mandibular arch, while the lateral incisors, canines and first molars erupted first in the maxilla. A greater chronological difference was found between the lateral incisors, which erupted more than 8 months earlier in the maxilla than in the mandible. Conclusions In the overall sample, the first tooth to erupt was the lower right central incisor at 10.96 ± 1.88 months, and the last was the upper left second molar, at 33.24 ± 4.35 months, symmetry was found in the eruption of the deciduous teeth. The greatest chronological difference was observed in the lateral incisors, with the upper ones erupting more than 8 months before the lower ones. Although statistically significant gender differences were found, they were considered clinically irrelevant.
The curse of anxiety-pleasure: Terrorism, the media, and advertising in a two-sided market framework

In theoretical analyses on terrorism and the media, the structure of the media market has thus far been neglected. The present paper adopts a multi-sided market framework in order to explore the ways in which the markets for terrorism, advertising, and the media influence each other. Although the markets for terrorism and the media do not constitute a two-sided market, they are linked by externalities, the degrees of which can be determined by the media. Further, advertisers play a crucial role in determining the content of a media product because they (i) usually contribute to a large share of a media firm’s profit and (ii) value media violence for its juvenescent effect on the age structure of consumers. The model presented herein predicts that the probability of a ‘circulation-advertising-terrorism spiral’ usually decreases with increasing average age of the population, given that the media firm derives part of its profit from advertisements. The results underline the importance of financially independent news coverage.
of Geophysical Research : Solid Earth Distinct crustal structure of the North American Midcontinent Rift from P wave receiver functions

Eighty-two broadband seismic stations of the Superior Province Rifting Earthscope Experiment (SPREE) collected 2.5 years of continuous seismic data in the area of the high gravity anomaly associated with the Midcontinent Rift (MCR). Over 100 high-quality teleseismic earthquakes were used for crustal P wave receiver function analysis. Our analysis reveals that the base of the sedimentary layer is shallow outside the MCR, thickens near the flanks where gravity anomalies are low, and shallows again in the MCR’s center where the gravity anomalies peak. This pattern is similar to that found from local geophysical studies and is consistent with reverse faulting having accompanied the cessation of rifting at 1.1 Ga. Intermittent intracrustal boundaries imaged by our analysis might represent the bottom of the MCR’s mostly buried dense volcanic layers. Outside the MCR, the Moho is strong, sharp, and relatively flat, both beneath the Archean Superior Province and the Proterozoic terranes to its south. Inside the MCR, two weaker candidate Mohos are found at depths up to 25 km apart in the rift’s center. The intermediate layer between these discontinuities tapers toward the edges of the MCR. The presence of this transitional layer is remarkably consistent along the strike of the MCR, including beneath its jog in southern Minnesota, near the Belle Plaine Fault. We interpret these results as evidence for extensive underplating as a defining characteristic of the rift, which remains continuous along the Minnesota jog, where due to its orientation, it is minimally affected by the reverse faulting that characterizes the NNE striking parts of the rift.
The application of the microgenetic method to studies of learning in science education: characteristics of published studies, methodological issues and recommendations for future research

Abstract This paper examines the role of the microgenetic method in science education. The microgenetic method is a technique for exploring the progression of learning in detail through repeated, high-frequency observations of a learner’s ‘performance’ in some activity. Existing microgenetic studies in science education are analysed. This leads to an examination of five significant methodological issues in microgenetic research. Firstly, qualitative and/or quantitative approaches to data collection and analysis within the microgenetic approach are considered and a case is made for the appropriateness of qualitative microgenetic research. Secondly, it is argued that researchers may define static intervals, periods within which (for methodological purposes) change is assumed not to occur, when reporting microgenetic studies. Thirdly, researchers should consider providing justifications for their choice of sampling rate with reference to the rate of change of the phenomenon they are studying. Fourthly, the difficulty of distinguishing conceptual change from the existence of multiple understandings is highlighted. Finally, the nature of sequences of repeated measures in microgenetic studies is considered. It is argued that different methodological approaches are suitable for microgenetic studies of different phenomena and a list of guidelines for the use of the microgenetic method in small-scale, qualitatively analysed studies in science education is proposed.
Myelotomy suppresses autophagic marker LC3-II expression and elevates mTORC1 expression and improves neurological function recovery in rats with spinal cord injury

Although previous studies have shown functional efficacy of myelotomy for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI), the underlying mechanism remained unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between myelotomy-mediated neuroprotection and autophagy following SCI by evaluating the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Ninety-nine adult female rats were randomly assigned to either sham-operated group (SG), model group (MG), or 24 h-myelotomy group (MTG). SCI at T10 was induced with a New York University impactor, and myelotomy was performed 24 h after SCI. Functional recovery was evaluated via the open-field test. The protein expression of LC3-II was analyzed by Western blot, and the mRNA expression of LC3-II and mTORC1 were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Rats in the MTG exhibited significantly better performance in the hind limbs compared to those in the MG on day seven and fourteen post-injury. Myelotomy suppressed the protein and mRNA expression of LC3-II on day three, seven and fourteen post-injury and increased the mRNA expression of mTORC1 in the MTG on day three and seven post-injury. The LC3-II protein expression was significantly and negatively correlated with BBB scores at day seven and fourteen post-injury. These results showed that myelotomy-induced neuroprotection in a rat model of SCI was likely mediated by inhibition of autophagy by activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway.
Distribution of Little Owl Athene noctua and Barn Owl Tyto alba in the Zamość Region (SE Poland) in the light of atlas studies

Although Little Owl Athene noctua and Barn Owl Tyto alba are known as relatively uncommon, their actual distribution in Poland is poorly known, as emphasised by Ruprecht & Szwagrzak (1988) and Tomiałojć (1990). In particular, little is known about the factors influencing the distribution in Poland of these two owl species; such knowledge is vital for their protection. Furthermore, there is only fragmentary understanding of their population trends in Poland. The purpose of this paper was to analyse the data collected in field studies in the Zamość Region (SE Poland) up to the late 1990s concerning their occurrence.
Characterization of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR.] genotypes by using superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozyme

Isozymes are the product of the gene expression and it is a useful basic analytical tool to study the molecular characterization. As an important genetic marker, it is widely used to detect the inheritance and variance among different species or different cultivars within the species at the molecular level. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one enzyme of the antioxidase system and generally exists in all kinds of plants. SODs are ubiquitous metalloenzymes that catalyze dismutation of superoxide radicals and prevents organisms from oxidative damage of too much oxygen free radicals, especially the damage to cytoplasm membrane. SOD isozyme had been used for characterization of number of plant species. In Pearl millet SOD isozyme had been extensively used for characterization. The present study conducted to characterize 21 genotypes (seven hybrids, six female parents, five male parents and three Open Pollinated Varieties(OPVs) of pearl millet by using SOD isozyme. Five bands were found ranges from Rm values of 0.44 to 0.91. Bands with Rm values of 0.44, 0.56 and 0.89 were monomorphic for all genotypes. Band with Rm value of 0.48 and 0.91 were found to be polymorphic. All genotypes could be grouped into as much as four clusters based on less than 50% Jaccard's similarity coefficients. Hybrids HHB50 (H1), HHB 67(H3) and HHB 94(H5) were closely resembled (SI=0.8000) with their female parents viz., MS 81A (F1), MS 843A (F3) and ICMA 89111A (F5).
Estimating the top altitude of optically thick ice clouds from thermal infrared satellite observations using CALIPSO data

The difference between cloud‐top altitude Ztop and infrared effective radiating height Zeff for optically thick ice clouds is examined using April 2007 data taken by the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and the Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). For even days, the difference ΔZ between CALIPSO Ztop and MODIS Zeff is 1.58 ± 1.26 km. The linear fit between Ztop and Zeff, applied to odd‐day data, yields a difference of 0.03 ± 1.21 km and can be used to estimate Ztop from any infrared‐based Zeff for thick ice clouds. Random errors appear to be due primarily to variations in cloud ice‐water content (IWC). Radiative transfer calculations show that ΔZ corresponds to an optical depth of ∼1, which based on observed ice‐particle sizes yields an average cloud‐top IWC of ∼0.015 gm−3, a value consistent with in situ measurements. The analysis indicates potential for deriving cloud‐top IWC using dual‐satellite data.
Glutathione S-transferases Null Genotype in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Background: The glutathione S-transferase (GST) family of metabolising enzymes plays an important role in the detoxification of mutagens and carcinogens. The expression of many of these cancer susceptibility enzymes is genetically polymorphic. An increased frequency of GST-null genotypes has been associated with several malignancies. Objective: To investigate the rate of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes in AML patients and to determine its importance in prognosis of the disease. Methods: DNA was extracted by phenol/chloroform method from peripheral blood or bone marrow of 180 white Caucasian patients. A multiplex PCR method was used simultaneously to amplify regions of GSTM1, GSTT1, and β-globin genes in genomic DNA. The survival curves were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test (Mantel-Cox) using the SPSS software program. Results: Of the total of 180 patients, 23 cases (12.8%) showed null genotypes in both genes, while in 52 patients (28.9%) both genes were wild-types. GSTM1 null-GSTT1 wild-type was detected in 91 patients (50.6%) and GSTM1 wild-type-GSTT1 null genotype was detected in 14 patients (7.8%). These rates are within the upper limit of the rates detected in the normal European population. There was no significant difference in the overall survival and in disease free survival between different groups. Conclusion: These observations suggest that the inherited absence of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 carcinogen detoxification pathway may be related to carcinogenesi s but it is not an important determinant of prognosis in AML.
Product Development, sensory and Chemical composition of spiced watermelon juice

The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate the sensory and chemical properties of spiced watermelon juice. Spiced juice was prepared using watermelon and three concentration levels (0.5, 0.8 and 1.6%) of four different spices Ehuru (Monodora myristica), Uziza (Piper guineense), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and Garlic (Allium sativum). The result of sensory evaluation shows that 100% watermelon juice (control), and Ehuru spiced watermelon juice at level of 0.5% and 0.8% were the most preferred. The sensory test on a hedonic scale was a means of elimination and the most preferred showed good acceptance by panelists. The result of proximate analysis on the preferred samples ranged from 91.35 to 95.85%, 0.1 to 0.7%, 0.02 to 0.14%, 0.35 to 0.60% and 0.23 to 0.36% for moisture, ash, fat, protein and crude fiber, respectively. The result of functional properties of the spiced watermelon juices ranged from 0.05 to 0.28%, 1.34 to 1.35, 4.4 to 9.9 and 4.06 to 5.91 for total titratable acidity (TTA), refractive index (RI),
Factors associated with stress responses in staff caring for patients with cystic fibrosis

A fifth of respondents in this study of 56 staff from major national cystic fibrosis treatment centres in the Republic of Ireland obtained clinically significant scores on the GHQ-28. This high stress group had a distinct profile in comparison with the other respondents. They were younger and reported more somatic symptoms, more anxiety symptoms. more social problems and more burnout than other respondents. They also reported being exposed to more life event stressors in the preceding six months and more daily stressors both within and outside the work environment Within the group as a whole, multiple regression analyses showed that certain factors were significant predictors of general health and burnout. Li re event stressors in the preceding six months combined with an accumulation of minor daily stressors together were predictive of poorer general health. The availability of social support was associated with lower burnout.
Financial Structure Heterogeneity and the BankLending Channel of Monetary Policy: A Cross-Country Analysis

Using micro-data on syndicated loan contracts, this paper focuses on the impact of nancial structure heterogeneity on the Bank Lending Channel (BLC) of monetary policy transmission. Our theoretical model claims that, due to a larger reliance of the non-nancial private sector on bank nance vis-a-vis non-bank nance, a monetary policy shock should via the BLC have a larger impact on the pricing of loan contracts in bank-based versus market-based economies. We test this hypothesis empirically, and determine the impact of the Central Bank policy interest rate on the interest rate of syndicated loans in two economies with a large historical dierence in nancial structure: the U.S. and the Eurozone. Our results indicate that nancial structure heterogeneity does not result in a stronger Interest Rate Pass-Through (IRPT) in the Eurozone than in the U.S. via the BLC.