Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of market participation and the institutional constraints: Case study of Kweneng West, Botswana

For smallholder livestock farmers to benefit from their livestock, they need to fully participate in the market. This study identifies the determinants of market participation by smallholder livestock farmers in Botswana. The study used data collected from 132 smallholder livestock farmers in Kweneng West in 2007. A logit model was used to identify factors that determine whether smallholder farmers will participate in the market or not. The results indicate that the age of household head negatively and significantly affects market participation, implying that older farmers are less likely to participate in the market; planting crops increases the chances of market participation, as does the accessibility to market price information. The major limitation facing smallholder livestock farmers is the requirement that the animals should have a bolus (for traceability) and veterinary permits. In order to stimulate the participation of smallholder farmers in the market, policies aimed at promoting participation of youth in agriculture should be explored. In addition, policies should target service delivery improvement by all institutions involved in the marketing of cattle including those issuing cattle movement or veterinary permits. This will go a long way in increasing smallholders’ income from livestock and hence improve their living standards. Key words: Botswana, market participation, institutional constraints, transaction costs, logistic regression.
The influence of social, economical and physical environmental factors on crime rates: a case study of The Bosphorus conservation area, Istanbul, Turkey

This study aims to analyze the relation between personal and property crime and social, economical and physical environmental factors. Crime data was collected at neighborhood level in the coastal strip and fore front view area of the Bosphorus, Istanbul, Turkey. For the social and economical factors, data on population density, average land value, percentage of unemployment, percentage of population with primary school and under education, and percentage of large households were collected. For the physical environmental factors, data on building density, land use (percentage of residential, commercial, and public facilities buildings), physical detoriation (percentage of good quality buildings), percentage of buildings with water, sewage and natural gas were collected. In general, the findings provided evidence that (1) personal and property crimes are positively correlated, (2) the affect of physical environmental factors are more pronounced for property crimes than personal crimes, and (3) lower crime rates are observed in socially and economically disadvantageous neighborhoods. The possible explanations for each finding and how each finding could inform future research in this area are discussed.
Naming Abilities and Orthographic Recognition during Childhood an Event-Related Brain Potentials Study

Children with reading disabilities or dyslexia, commonly suffer disturbances in phonological awareness, slow-naming speed, and delayed automatic word recognition. A close relation between naming speed and reading difficulties has been well documented; hence, the former could be a useful early predictor of dyslexia. Reading disabled children usually show orthographic problems, but the neurophysiological basis underlying the detection of orthographic violations is still unclear. In this study, 28 healthy, right-handed, second-grade children were selected from a wider screening study and divided into two groups according to their performance on a rapid-naming test battery: slow-naming (SN) and average-naming (AN). Groups were matched by sex, age and school grade, and participants were asked to perform a visual recognition task that consisted of two stimuli: an easily-named drawing followed by a word that either matched (congruent) or did not match (on semantic or orthographic grounds) the drawing. Subjects were instructed to judge the relationship between each pair of stimuli and then press a key on a keyboard while ERP were being recorded. Behavioral results showed significant differences between groups in terms of the number of correct responses, but only for the orthographic violation condition, as no significant differences were observed in reaction times. In addition, SN showed poorer reading performance compared to AN. ERP were significantly different between the two groups during processing of visual words. Results are interpreted as the expression of the difficulties that SN manifested in generating strong associations between phonological and orthographic word forms.
A Randomized Trial for Evaluating Prophylactic Effect of Intradermal and Intramuscular Hepatitis B Vaccine

Background: Hepatitis B virus is one of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases. Vaccination is the best way of prophylaxis and is of utmost importance. This study was conducted to compare the prophylactic effect of intradermal and intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccine. Methods: A blind randomized clinical trial was performed among subjects who presented to the infectious diseases clinics to receive HB vaccine in Mashhad, north east Iran, during 2002- 2004. Eighty men and women who were HBs Ag & HBs Ab negative were randomly received 0.1 ml intradermal (study group) or 1ml intramuscular (control group) vaccine. The vaccine was injected into the deltoid region at months 0, 1, and 6. One month later, the HBsAb level was checked. The levels less than 10IU/L, 10-100 IU/L and more than 100 IU/L were defined as negative, mild positive and strong positive responses, respectively. Results: Intramuscular and Intradermal injections resulted in 95%, 87.5% strong positive, 2.5%, 7.5% mild positive and 2.5%, 5% negative responses respectively. Mann-whitney and Fisherâ€™s Exact Test showed the difference between results was not statistically significant ( P >0.05). Conclusion: Due to small difference in the effectiveness of these two methods and the cost effectiveness of intradermal injection, this route could be substituted for intramuscular injection.
On the radius constants for classes of analytic functions

Radius constants for several classes of analytic functions on the unit disk are obtained. These include the radius of starlikeness of a positive order, radius of parabolic starlikeness, radius of Bernoulli lemniscate starlikeness, and radius of uniform convexity. In the main, the radius constants obtained are sharp. Conjectures on the non-sharp radius constants are given.
A REVERSE SHOCK IN GRB 160509A

We present the second multi-frequency radio detection of a reverse shock in a γ-ray burst. By combining our extensive radio observations of the Fermi-Large Area Telescope γ-ray burst 160509A at z = 1.17 up to 20 days after the burst with Swift X-ray observations and ground-based optical and near-infrared data, we show that the afterglow emission comprises distinct reverse shock and forward shock contributions: the reverse shock emission dominates in the radio band at ≲10 days, while the forward shock emission dominates in the X-ray, optical, and near-infrared bands. Through multi-wavelength modeling, we determine a circumburst density of , supporting our previous suggestion that a low-density circumburst environment is conducive to the production of long-lasting reverse shock radiation in the radio band. We infer the presence of a large excess X-ray absorption column, NH ≈ 1.5 × 1022 , and a high rest-frame optical extinction, AV ≈ 3.4 mag. We identify a jet break in the X-ray light curve at , and thus derive a jet opening angle of , yielding a beaming-corrected kinetic energy and radiated γ-ray energy of erg and erg (1–104 keV, rest frame), respectively. Consistency arguments connecting the forward shocks and reverse shocks suggest a deceleration time of s ≈ T90, a Lorentz factor of , and a reverse-shock-to-forward-shock fractional magnetic energy density ratio of . Our study highlights the power of rapid-response radio observations in the study of the properties and dynamics of γ-ray burst ejecta.
GROWTH AND WATER RELATIONS OF ROSELLE GROWN ON BRIS SOIL UNDER PARTIAL ROOT ZONE DRYING

Twenty-four roselle plants were grown on BRIS soil in a greenhouse to evaluate the effects of partial rootzone drying (PRD) technique on the growth, water relation and its quality. PRD is one of the deficit irrigation methods applied in order to face global water scarcity by alternating left and right roots to be irrigated within certain period of time. Four treatments were compared viz. i) Control (100% full irrigation, CI), ii) 20% PRD (80% irrigation), iii) 40% PRD (60% irrigation) and iv) 60% PRD (40% irrigation) with three replications. No significant differences were recorded for volumetric soil water content (θ) of the roselle plants under different PRD treatments throughout 84 days experimental period. Plants subjected to 60% PRD showed a significant reduction in stem water potential (Ψstem) as compared to control plants on Day 56. While all plants subjected to PRD experienced mild water stress, they suffered no serious damaging effects in terms of calyx fresh weight, calyx number or total anthocyanins as compared to control plants. In fact, plants in the 20% PRD treatment tended to have higher total anthocyanins than control plants, resulting in better postharvest quality. This study shows that it is possible to reduce 20% irrigation water without serious adverse effects on the growth, yield, and postharvest quality of roselle.
Clustering in a network of non-identical and mutually interacting agents

Clustering is a phenomenon that may emerge in multi-agent systems through self-organization: groups arise consisting of agents with similar dynamic behaviour. It is observed in fields ranging from the exact sciences to social and life sciences; consider, for example, swarm behaviour of animals or social insects, the dynamics of opinion formation or the synchronization (which corresponds to cluster formation in the phase space) of coupled oscillators modelling brain or heart cells. We consider a clustering model with a general network structure and saturating interaction functions. We derive both necessary and sufficient conditions for clustering behaviour of the model and we investigate the cluster structure for varying coupling strength. Generically, each cluster asymptotically reaches a (relative) equilibrium state. We discuss the relationship of the model to swarming, and we explain how the model equations naturally arise in a system of interconnected water basins. We also indicate how the model applies to opinion formation dynamics.
Integrated Water Supply with Nutrient Requirements on Growth, Photosynthesis Productivity, Chemical Status and Seed Yield of Faba Bean

: Water stress is well known as one of the most significant factors affecting plant growth, photosynthesis productivity and seed yield and quality for most crops. Field experiments in split-split plot design were carried out during winter seasons of 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 at Agricultural Research Station, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, aimed to identify the effective treatment of different water stress viz., water irrigation up to 100 %, 75 % and 50 % of water holding capacity in the presence of different levels from P O and K O fertilizers. Data recorded growth characters, photosynthetic pigment 2 5 2 contents, seed yield and yield component characters, water use efficiency and percentage of macro and micronutrient nutrients up take. Noticeably, that the highest plant vigor was at water irrigation up to 75% of water holding capacity in the presence of 100 KgP O /ha. and 200 KgK O/ha. Results also revealed that more 2 5 2 or less values of macro and micronutrient uptake were found at different treatments. Finally; results obtained indicated that the most effective treatment on growth parameters was also recorded the highest seed yield. Thus, farmers should therefore not supply water irrigation of faba beans more than 75 % of water holding capacity for obtain economic seed yield. Yield and Yield Component: Effect of water supply levels
Effects of intravenous Semelil (ANGIPARSTM) on diabetic foot ulcers healing: A multicenter clinical trial

Some diabetic foot ulcers, which are notoriously difficult to cure, are one of the most common health problems in diabetic patients . There are several surgical and medical options which already have been introduced for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, so some patient will require amputation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous Semelil (ANGIPARS), a naive herbal extract to accelerate healing of diabetic foot ulcers. A multi-centric randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate intravenous Semelil for healing of diabetic foot ulcers. Sixteen diabetic patients were treated with intravenous Semelil, and nine other patients were treated with placebo as control group. Both groups were otherwise treated by wound debridement and irrigation with normal saline solution, systemic antibiotic therapy and daily wound dressing. Before and after intervention, the foot ulcer surface area was measured, by digital photography, mapping and planimetry. After 4 weeks, the mean foot ulcer surface area decreased from 479.93±379.75 mm to 198.93±143.75 mm in the intervention group (p = 0.000) and from 766.22±960.50 mm to 689.11±846.74 mm in the control group (p = 0.076). Average wound closure in the treatment group was significantly greater than placebo group (64% vs. 25%, p= 0.015). This herbal extract by intravenous rout in combination with conventional therapy is more effective than conventional therapy by itself probably without side effect. However, further studies are required in the future to confirm these results in larger population.
Constraining the Stellar Mass Function in the Galactic Center via Mass Loss from Stellar Collisions

The dense concentration of stars and high-velocity dispersions in the Galactic center imply that stellar collisions frequently occur. Stellar collisions could therefore result in significant mass loss rates. We calculate the amount of stellar mass lost due to indirect and direct stellar collisions and find its dependence on the present-day mass function of stars. We find that the total mass loss rate in the Galactic center due to stellar collisions is sensitive to the present-day mass function adopted. We use the observed diffuse X-ray luminosity in the Galactic center to preclude any present-day mass functions that result in mass loss rates >10-5M⨀yr−1 in the vicinity of ~1″. For present-day mass functions of the form, dN/dM∝M-α, we constrain the present-day mass function to have a minimum stellar mass ≲7M⨀ and a power-law slope ≳1.25. We also use this result to constrain the initial mass function in the Galactic center by considering different star formation scenarios.
A swirl generator case study for OpenFOAM

This work presents numerical results, using OpenFOAM, of the flow in the swirl flow generator test rig developed at Politehnica University of Timisoara, Romania. The work shows results computed by solving the unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations. The unsteady method couples the rotating and stationary parts using a sliding grid interface based on a GGI formulation. Turbulence is modeled using the standard k-epsilon model, and block structured wall function ICEM-Hexa meshes are used. The numerical results are validated against experimental LDV results, and against designed velocity profiles. The investigation shows that OpenFOAM gives results that are comparable to the experimental and designed profiles. This case study was presented at the 5th OpenFOAM Workshop, held in Gothenburg, Sweden, as a tutorial on how to treat turbomachinery applications in OpenFOAM.
Parental Support for Learning and High School Students' Academic Motivation and Persistence in Mathematics

This study tested whether student-perceived at-home parental support for learning is associated to students’ personal goal orientations and persistence in mathematics in the classroom. Self-report questionnaire data was collected from 1,534 grade-nine students attending three ethnically-diverse high schools in the southeastern United States. Results of a full structural equation model indicated that students’ perception of at-home parental support for learning is strongly associated with students’ personal mastery and performance approach goal orientations. All variables, in turn, accounted for 64% of the sample variance in self-reported persistence in mathematics in the classroom. These findings indicate that at-home parental support for learning is significantly positively associated with students’ academic motivation and persistence for mathematics in the classroom, which, in the long run, may improve high school students’ mathematics achievement.
Investigating the Structure and Meaning of Public Service Motivation across Populations: Developing an International Instrument and Addressing Issues of Measurement Invariance

The growth in international research on public service motivation (PSM) raises a number of important questions about the degree to which the theory and research developed in one country can contribute to our understanding of PSM in other counties. To help address this issue, this study revisits the conceptual and operational definitions of PSM to address weaknesses previously noted in the literature. Although some important steps have been taken to both improve and internationalize the PSM scale, this work has been done incrementally. In contrast, this study takes a more systematic and comprehensive approach by combining the efforts of international PSM scholars to develop and then test a revised measurement instrument for PSM in 12 countries. Although the resulting four dimensional 16-item measure of PSM reported here provides a better theoretical and empirical foundation for the measurement of PSM, our results suggest that the exact meaning and scaling of PSM dimensions are likely to differ across cultures and languages. These results raise serious concerns regarding the ability to develop a single universal scale of PSM, or making direct comparisons of PSM across countries. Its earlier versions were delivered at the Annual Conference of the European Group for Public Administration, Toulouse, France, September 8–10, 2010, and at the 11th National Public Management Research Conference at Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, June 2–4, 2011. Address correspondence to the author at smook@
Light absorption enhancement in organic solar cell by embedding Ag nanoparticles and nanochains within the active layer

We numerically investigate the light absorption enhancement of organic photovoltaic cells by embedding Ag nanoparticles and nanochains within the active layer using a finite element method. We analyze the enhancement mechanism of light absorption and systematically study the influence of factors such as the size and the period of silver nanoparticles. The result shows the localized surface plasmon resonance of the particles has a significant influence on the light absorption. Under AM1.5 illumination condition, a relative enhancement with a factor of 107.1% is observed for nanoparticles with a diameter of 30 nm and a period of 200 nm. In addition, different types of nanochain structures have been studied, and we find that, comparing to monodisperse nanoparticles, nanochain structures can further enhance the light absorption because of the stronger light harvesting in the long wavelength range of 600–800 nm.
Word Order Effect in Children's Garden Path of Relative Clauses *

This study examines whether Chinese-speaking children use the NVN word order strategy to comprehend OO relative clauses. The results of a truth value judgment test showed that children in the older group (mean age 5;11) interpreted the test sentences correctly 93% of the time, but children in the younger group (mean age 4;9) wrongly considered the subject NP of the relative clause as the object of the main verb 46% of the time. The difference between the two age groups was significant (t(29) = 2.685, p < 0.02). Since Chinese-speaking children by 3 to 4 years old can produce relative clauses accurately (Su 2004), the comprehension errors from the younger children here are taken to reflect the difficulty of reanalyzing the sentences when they are led into a garden path, similar to the patterns found from adults in on-line sentence processing experiments.
Influence of Multi-cycle Infiltration on Porosity and Optical Properties of Glassinfiltrated Alumina Biocomposites for Dental Restorations

Glass-infiltrated alumina biocomposites have been largely used in Dentistry due to their biocompatibility, high potential to mimic the natural dentition and good marginal adaptation. However, their optical and mechanical properties are jeopardized by the presence of residual porosity in the final structure. The objective of this study was to increase light transmittance of alumina-based biocomposites that are infiltrated with a lanthanum-containing aluminosilicate glass by means of increasing the number of infiltration cycles from one to three. The influence of the number of cycles on both residual porosity and optical properties was assessed. The infiltration cycles were carried out at 1200°C for 95 min. After each cycle the residual glass was removed and an additional glass layer was placed over the alumina preform. The SEM images showed that specimens infiltrated with three cycles had denser microstructure, with a residual porosity of 1.8 vol%, whereas specimens submitted to only one cycles showed residual porosity of 4.5 vol%. Transmittance increased 55% for specimens subjected to three infiltration cycles, while light scattering coefficient was reduced by 45% and the contrast ratio was reduced by 23%. These results indicate that the higher number of cycles resulted a more translucent material due to lower porosity and lower pore size (smaller than 3.2 μm). In conclusion, this work showed that multi-cycle infiltration is effective in reducing residual porosity and improving light transmittance of the biocomposite tested.
Transition disks: four candidates for ongoing giant planet formation in Ophiuchus

A large set of Spitzer-selected transitional disks in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud was recently examined by Cieza et al (2010), and 4 of the targets were identified as (giant) planet-forming candidates based on the morphology of their Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs), the apparent lack of stellar companions, and evidence for accretion. Here we characterize the structures of these disks modeling their optical, infrared and (sub)millimeter SEDs. We use the Monte Carlo radiative transfer package RADMC to construct a parametric model of the dust distribution in a flared disk with an inner cavity and calculate the temperature structure consistent with the density profile, in thermal equilibrium with the irradiating star. For each object, we conducted a Bayesian exploration of the parameter space generating Monte Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC) that allow the identification of the best fit parameters and to constrain their range of statistical confidence. Our calculations point to the presence of evacuated cavities with radii ~2-8 AU, consistent with having been carved by embedded giant planets. We found parameter values consistent with those previously given in the literature, indicating a mild degree of grain growth and dust settling, which deserves to be investigated with further modeling and follow up observations. Resolved images with (sub)millimeter interferometers are required to break some of the degeneracies of the models and better constrain the physical properties of these fascinating disks.