Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Hydrogen in Variation of Electrical, Optical and Magnetic Properties of ZnSe-Fe Bilayer Thin Films Structure

This paper is reporting the role of hydrogen in preparation and characterization of dilute magnetic semiconductor of ZnSe-Fe bilayer thin film structure. These films are hydrogenated at different pressure to see the effect of hydrogen on electrical, optical, magnetic and structural properties of bilayer structure. Optical absorption in thin films is found to be decrease with hydrogen absorption. It may be due to interaction of hydrogen with bilayer structure and takes electron from the conduction band of thin film structure. The current-voltage characteristic of these films shows the variation in conductivity with hydrogenation due to decrease in electron density. Atomic Force Microscopy and scanning electron Microscope recorded to see the surface topography of bilayer thin films. It has been observed that deposited film have nano size structure that is favorable for hydrogen absorption having higher surface to volume ratio. The Electron diffraction X-ray analysis gives the information about composition of films. Raman spectra have used to see the presence of hydrogen. Super-conducting Quantum Interference Device gives the information of confirmation of diluted magnetic semiconductors and variation of magnetic momentum with hydrogenation.
Effects of Variable Prey and Cohort Dynamics on Growth of Young-of-the-Year Estuarine Bluefish: Evidence for Interactions between Spring- and Summer-Spawned Cohorts

Abstract Previous field studies of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix have documented variation in young-of-the-year (age-0) growth rates among years and between spring- and summer-spawned cohorts. However, the potential factors responsible for generating variable growth in age-0 bluefish have not been investigated. We constructed an individual-based model that combined size-dependent bluefish foraging with a bioenergetics model to quantify the potential effects of variable prey fish dynamics on first-summer growth of juvenile bluefish. We used long-term monitoring data to define baseline conditions and calibrate the model. We then performed three simulation experiments designed to assess the effects of initial density and arrival timing of prey species and bluefish cohorts on bluefish length distributions on October 1. Simulation experiments indicated that spring-spawned bluefish were robust to fluctuations in prey dynamics because of a spawning strategy that ensures temporal overlap with a diversity of prey f.
Portrayal of Gender Roles in Music Television

Students (N = 429; women = 273, men = 156) enrolled at a junior college and state university in central California were assigned to 1 of 4 conditions (visual only, audiovisual, audiovisual with discussion, and a no-videos-shown condition) and asked to view three videos commonly seen on Music Television (MTV). At the conclusion of each video, participants filled out a questionnaire designed to elicit their perception(s) of particular gender role behaviors, such as sexism, objectification, etc. Factor analysis revealed the presence of three factors: Male Power, Female Power, and Overt Sexuality. Further analysis showed that factor scores were not significantly different by condition. Although the format of MTV is attune to society’s concerns, it still presents gender role stereotypes that are traditional and subtle.
Education, Endogenous Human Capital, and Monetary Economic Growth with MIU Approach

This study builds a monetary growth model with inflation policy and education. The model is a synthesis of the Uzawa-Lucas two-sector growth model and traditional monetary model with the money-in-utility (MIU) approach. We show how money, physical capital and human capital interact over time under exogenous inflation policy in a free market economy. The dynamics of the economy is described by three differential equations. We show that the monetary economic system has a saddle equilibrium point. We simulate motion of the economic system and carry out comparative statics analysis with regards to the monetary policy, propensities to save wealth and to receive education.
Soil Organic Carbon Content and Stocks in Relation to Grazing Management in Semi-Arid Grasslands of Kenya

Rangelands cover approximately 85% of Kenya’s land mass and is a major resource for livestock farming with a considerable potential to mitigate climate change, yet these lands are stressed differently by various management. Our study aimed at determining the influence of grazing management systems (rotational, continuous and ungrazed) on soil organic carbon stocks in Yoani ranch located in the southern rangelands of Kenya (2016). This research was conducted on a commercial grazing ranch, a section of it was converted from continuous grazing into rotational grazing and has been under rotational grazing for 11 years during the time the research was conducted. Within the same ranch, there was a section with similar geomorphology and soils as the rotationally grazed which was not converted and has been continuously grazed for over 30 years to represent the continuous grazing system. The ungrazed area consists of an abandon section of the ranch for more than 30 years due to a deep gully which was formed by gully erosion creating an isolated area inaccessible by livestock. Soil samples were taken up to a depth of 1.2m, at an interval of 0-10, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-90 cm and 90-120 cm. The difference between soil sampling depths is because the upper layer between 0-30 cm is more dynamic with respect to soil microbial activities which can be influenced by grazing as compared to the deeper depths along the soil profile. The ungrazed site recorded significantly (P<0.5) higher soil organic carbon concentrations than rotational and continuously grazed sites for all soil layers up to 1.2m depth. The rotationally grazed site had higher soil organic carbon concentrations across depths compared to continuously grazing system which was attributed to grazing management effects.
Assessing the mediating mechanism of relationship quality and the moderating effects of prior experience in ISP service

Purpose – To examine empirically the mediating role of relationship quality on the relationships between relational selling behavior, network quality, service recovery, and loyalty, and the moderating role of prior IT experience on the above relationships in ISP service. Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained via questionnaires from randomly selected ADSL customers of Chunghwa Telecom. The constructs were measured using existing scales. SEM was used to examine the effects. Findings – Relational selling behavior, network quality, and service recovery indirectly influence loyalty through the mediation of relationship quality, consisting of satisfaction and trust. The effects of relational selling behavior on satisfaction and trust are stronger for inexperienced than for experienced customers. Those of network quality on satisfaction and trust are similar for both experienced and inexperienced customers. Those of service recovery on satisfaction and trust are stronger for experienced than for inexperienced customers. Research limitations/implications – There are three limitations. First, customer loyalty may be only partially reflected since it was measured by self-reports. Second, there may exist common method variance. Third, the generalizability of the findings might be limited. Practical implications – IT service organizations should invest in training programs and advertising campaigns, the ways of transferring information and services to users, to improve relationship quality. Managers should be careful not to try partnering initiatives with customers without knowing their prior IT experience. Originality/value – This study presents a thorough understanding of how relational selling behavior, network quality, and service recovery indirectly influence loyalty through satisfaction and trust, and how prior IT experience moderates the above relationships in ISP service.
Macroeconomic Stability in Developing Countries: How Much is Enough?

In the 1990s macroeconomic policies improved in a majority of developing countries, but the growth dividend from such improvement fell short of expectations, and a policy agenda focused on stability turned out to be associated with a multiplicity of financial crises. The authors take a retrospective look at the content and implementation of the macroeconomic reform agenda of the 1990s. They review the progress achieved with fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies across the developing world, and the effectiveness of the changing policy framework in promoting stability and growth. The main lesson is that slow growth and frequent crises resulted, more often than not, from shortcomings in the reform agenda of the 1990s. These shortcomings essentially concern the depth and breadth of the macroeconomic reform agenda, its attention to macroeconomic vulnerabilities, and the complementary reforms outside the macroeconomic sphere.
Multifrequency nature of the 0.75 mHz feature in the X-ray light curves of the nova V4743 Sgr

We present timing analyses of eight X-ray light curves and one optical/UV light curve of the nova V4743 Sgr (2002) taken by Chandra and XMM―Newton on the following days after outburst: 50 (early hard emission phase), 180, 196, 302, 371, 526 [super soft source (SSS) phase], and 742 and 1286 (quiescent emission phase). We have studied the multifrequency nature and time evolution of the dominant peak at ∼0.75 mHz using the standard Lomb-Scargle method and a 2D sine fitting method. We found a double structure of the peak and its overtone for days 180 and 196. The two frequencies were closer together on day 196, suggesting that the difference between the two peaks is gradually decreasing. For the later observations, only a single frequency can be detected, which is likely due to the exposure times being shorter than the beat period between the two peaks, especially if they are moving closer together. The observations on days 742 and 1286 are long enough to detect two frequencies with the difference found for day 196, but we confidently find only a single frequency. We found significant changes in the oscillation frequency and amplitude. We have derived blackbody temperatures from the SSS spectra, and the evolution of changes in frequency and blackbody temperature suggests that the 0.75-mHz peak was modulated by pulsations. Later, after nuclear burning had ceased, the signal stabilized at a single frequency, although the X-ray frequency differs from the optical/UV frequency obtained consistently from the Optical Monitor onboard XMM―Newton and from ground-based observations. We believe that the late frequency is the white dwarf rotation and that the ratio of spin/orbit period strongly supports that the system is an intermediate polar.
The Białowieża Forest – a UNESCO Natural Heritage Site – protection priorities

Abstract Despite the fact that only parts of the Białowieża Forest are protected as a national park and nature reserves, the forest is nevertheless as a whole considered a UNESCO Natural Heritage Site, Biosphere Reserve and an integrated Natura 2000 site. In the presently ongoing debate on the conservation priorities regarding the natural value of this forest and the current bark beetle outbreak, two distinct approaches can be recognized: (1) management assumed to involve considerable interference with the forest ecosystems; (2) maintenance of ecological processes and spontaneous restoration of the forest communities. The Białowieża Forest - especially its strictly protected parts - is a “bastion” where species characteristic of ancient forests (including so-called primeval forest relicts) have survived until today. This has been achieved by maintaining the forest’s complexity in areas with considerably reduced human influence, but most of all by maintaining a full spectrum of forest communities, naturally developing forests diverse in age, species composition and spatial structure including stand dieback and breakdown. The following factors need to be taken into account in the protection of the Natural Heritage Site: (1) the internationally recognized value of the Białowieża Forest including its biodiversity, the level of preservation of forest communities and the ongoing natural processes; (2) existing documents and policies concerning nature conservation; (3) research findings from the Białowieża Forest and other natural forest complexes. The key priority is to limit any activities in this forest to an indispensable minimum, mostly concerning security close to roads and tourist tracks as well as collection of fire wood by locals. Without this strict protection, successive and slow anthropogenic transformation will result in the Białowieża Forest sharing the same fate as other forest complexes of the temperate climate zone in Europe or America and lose its globally appreciated value.
A NON-INTRUSIVE STRATIFIED RESAMPLER FOR REGRESSION MONTE CARLO: APPLICATION TO SOLVING NON-LINEAR EQUATIONS

Our goal is to solve certain dynamic programming equations associated to a given 5 Markov chain X, using a regression-based Monte Carlo algorithm. More specifically, we assume that 6 the model for X is not known in full detail and only a root sample X1, . , XM of such process 7 is available. By a stratification of the space and a suitable choice of a probability measure ν, we 8 design a new resampling scheme that allows to compute local regressions (on basis functions) in each 9 stratum. The combination of the stratification and the resampling allows to compute the solution to 10 the dynamic programming equation (possibly in large dimensions) using only a relatively small set 11 of root paths. To assess the accuracy of the algorithm, we establish non-asymptotic error estimates 12 in L2(ν). Our numerical experiments illustrate the good performance, even with M = 20 − 40 root 13 paths. 14
Application of betaine as feed additives in poultry nutrition – a review

Heat stress is exposing birds to degrees of temperature higher than the optimal, which results in numerous health problems i.e. respiratory deficits decrease feed intake and thus lower weight at marketing age. Heat stress represents one of the most important factor that has negative effects on poultry production. Heat stress also leads to negative effects on the carcass properties and thus lower meat quality, consequently leads to severe shortage in the market. Most important solutions are using feed additives that have positive effects for resisting thermal stress. Betaine that has several other beneficial effects of mild heat stress. Most of the trials were reported slight positive effects; however, systematic results were rare. Since there are almost unlimited possibilities concerning dosage and products of betaine there is still more research required. Nevertheless, there is still further research under more standardized conditions needed to evaluate the right dosage and combination as well as the exact mechanism of actions of anti-stress effects of betaine.
Suitability and Determinants of Agricultural Training Programs in Northern Ethiopia

This study was conducted in Alamata district, Tigray Regional States of Ethiopia, with the objectives of understanding suitability and determinants of training delivered at village level farmers’ training. Descriptive statistics and binary logit model were used to analyze factors affecting participation in agricultural training programs. Training delivery is found to be suitable in terms of timeliness and timing. But the program is weak in terms of the adequacy and quality of facilities for practical training session and follows up. The finding also revealed that social networks/households participation in cooperatives, local administration and civic organizations have significant influence on training participation. Hence, training delivery in the study area need to take into account these institutions as diffusion multipliers of the training programs and developing follower farmers of each institution is quite pertinent so that the trained farmers should pass on their training to other farmers who could not come to the training.
A computationally efficient method to solve the Takagi-Taupin equations for a large deformed crystal

We present a treatise on solving the Takagi-Taupin equations in the case of a strain field with an additional, spatially slowly varying component (owing to \emph{e.g.}~heat expansion or angular compression). We show that the presence of such a component in a typical case merely shifts the reflectivity curve as a function of wavelength or incidence angle, while having a negligible effect on its shape. On the basis of the derived result, we develop a computationally efficient method to calculate the reflectivity curve of a large deformed crystal. The validity of the method is demonstrated by comparing computed reflectivity curves with experimental ones for bent silicon wafers. A good agreement is observed.
Resolving leadership dilemmas in New Zealand kindergartens: an action research study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine dilemmas encountered by kindergarten head teachers with the further aim of developing their capability to recognise and resolve “leadership dilemmas”. Design/methodology/approach – Action research was used to conduct a three‐phase study involving 16 kindergarten head teachers and six system managers (within the Auckland region). A reconnaissance phase investigated the nature of perceived dilemmas and typical responses. In the second phase, an intervention that provided participants with both the theory and practice skills was implemented. A third phase of research evaluated the extent to which change had occurred.Findings – The reconnaissance phase findings (pre‐learning questionnaire) confirm the incidence of dilemmas in kindergarten settings. The data show that, while leaders could identify issues that signalled the presence of dilemmas, they were unable to articulate leadership dilemmas clearly or confront them successfully. A professional development in.
Review on Dye Removal from Its Aqueous Solution into Alternative Cost Effective and Non-Conventional Adsorbents

Dyes are complex organic compounds which are used by various industries to colour their products. These dyes are purged from various industrial sources such as textile, cosmetic, paper, leather, rubber and printing industries. Wastewater effluents contain dyes which may cause potential hazards to the environment. Some of these dyes are toxic, carcinogenic and can cause skin and eye irritation. Therefore, many researchers have been studied the effectiveness of dyes removal from aqueous solution by different separation methods. Different separation techniques have been used for the treatment of dye-bearing wastewater such as adsorption, coagulation/flocculation, advanced oxidation technologies, ozonation, and membrane-filtration, aerobic and anaerobic degradation. All dye separation techniques have their own limitation in terms of design, operation efficiency and total cost. This review paper provides extensive literature information about dyes, its classification and toxicity together with various treatment methods into dye adsorption characteristics of several non-conventional cost effective sustainable adsorbents. The mechanism and the effects of various physio-chemical process parameters on dye adsorption are presented here.
The Effect of Vocabulary Instruction through Semantic Mapping among EFL Learners with Different Perceptual Learning Styles

Traditional and modern vocabulary instruction techniques have been introduced in the past few decades to improve the learners’ performance in reading comprehension. Semantic mapping, which entails drawing learners’ attention to the interrelationships among lexical items through graphic organizers, is claimed to enhance vocabulary learning significantly. However, whether this technique suits all types of learners has not been adequately investigated. This study examines the effectiveness of employing semantic mapping in vocabulary instruction to EFL learners with different perceptual modalities. A modified version of Reid’s (1987) perceptual learning style questionnaire was used to determine the learners’ modality types. The results indicate that semantic mapping in comparison with commonplace approaches significantly enhanced EFL learners’ vocabulary achievement. Although visual learners slightly outperformed other types of learners on the posttest, no significant differences were observed among intermediate learners with different perceptual modalities employing semantic mapping for vocabulary practice.
INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DISTANCE AND VARIETY ON GROWTH OF SUGARCANE AND WEED POPULATION UNDER MECHANIZATION

A field experiment was conducted at Main Sugarcane Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat during 2010-11 to 2011-12 to study the influence of planting distance and variety on growth of sugarcane and weed population under mechanization. The results of two years experiment indicated that, significant difference in germination was not observed due to different planting distance. The pooled data also showed that planting of sugarcane setts at 120 cm distance found significantly superior in increasing number of tillers, total plant height and dry matter accumulation at almost all the growth stages during period of study. Weed population and dry weight of weeds were also noted lowest under 120 cm planting distance as compared to 90 cm, 150 cm normal planting distance and 30:150 cm twin row planting. Planting of sugarcane variety CoN 05071 and Co 86032 recorded significantly highest germination at 30 days after planting only. Number of tillers per hectare was significantly increased with variety Co 86032 and CoN 8072 while total plant height was significantly highest with variety CoN 05071 and Co 99004 during almost all the growth stages. Dry matter accumulation per plant was significantly increased with variety CoN 05071 in almost all the growth stages. Dry weight of weeds was noted lowest with variety CoN 05071.
Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Development and Political Risks

Financial development is definitely a determinant of the extent of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow into an economy. Yet, the contribution of financial development (FD) can be dependent on the political situation of the recipient nation. Higher political stability aids financial institutions to reap the benefits of FDI efficiently. Our paper empirically investigates the role of political risk in the association of FDI and FD. Using a panel of 97 countries, we show the relationship to be strictly non-linear. The impact of FD on FDI becomes negative beyond a threshold level of FD. However, we do find political risk factors to be affecting the relationship by altering the threshold level of financial development.
Tariff Policy for a Monopolist in a Signaling Game

We examine the incentives for a government to levy an optimal tariff on a foreign monopolist with unknown costs. With complete information, the home government uses tariffs to extract rents and implements a discriminatory policy that imposes higher tariffs on the more efficient monopolist. If the government is incompletely informed about costs, we show that under reasonable conditions the unique self-enforcing outcome involves pooling where the firm exports the same quantity regardless of its efficiency. Due to the distortions created by incomplete information we find that in general home country welfare is higher under alternative policies such as uniform tariffs or free trade than under one of discriminatory tariffs. Our results suggest that trade policies that are motivated by rent extraction are unlikely to be robust to the introduction of incomplete information.