Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hospital manipulations in the DRG system: a systematic scoping review

Abstract Background: In the Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) payment system, hospitals are usually suspected of ‘DRG creep,’ which has been narrowly regarded as reporting diagnostic and procedural codes that result in larger reimbursement. Objective: This review was aimed to systematically explore ways in which hospital manipulations of DRG coding may occur. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, EconLIT, Proquest Digital Dissertation and Theses, Conference Proceedings, and Thai Index Medicus, using appropriate search strategies. Based on predefined criteria, each article abstract was screened by two screeners with good inter-rater reliability. The included articles were qualitatively explored using thematic content analysis. Results: Hospital manipulations of the DRG system can be categorized into three groups: corporate, clinical, and coding practices. Corporate includes all activities not directly related to patient care; possible manipulations are focused on hospital management, administration, or finance and therefore are the responsibility of the executive board or hospital director. Clinical manipulation deals with activities in the care process and is the responsibility of health care professionals. The last group covers conventional definition of DRG creep that focuses on documentation and coding. Conclusion: Hospital managers who deal with the DRG payment system should be aware that DRG creep is not merely about upcoding. Indeed, the DRG system can be manipulated by hospitals in three different approaches, the so-called “3C”: corporate, clinical, and coding practices.
Applications of traveling-wave laser amplifiers in subcarrier multiplexed lightwave systems

Applications of traveling-wave laser amplifiers in subcarrier multiplexed (SCM) lightwave systems for the distribution of multiple channels of FM video signals are described. The experimental carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) per channel compares well with a general analysis for an SCM system employing N traveling-wave laser amplifier stages. Other important design system considerations associated with using traveling-wave laser amplifiers are discussed. <<ETX>>
Influence of rotating shift work on visual reaction time and visual evoked potential.

BACKGROUND The present day life style is changing the circadian rhythm of the body especially in rotating night shift workers. The impact of this prolongs their reaction time. Night shift also interferes with the circadian variation of pupil size which may affect the visual evoked potential. AIM To compare the visual reaction time, visual evoked potential (VEP) in rotating night shift workers & day workers and also to correlate the changes in visual reaction time with visual evoked potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty healthy male security guards & staff (25 - 35 y) who did rotating night shifts at least for six months & 40 d workers (25 - 35 y) who did not do night shift in last two years were involved in the study. Visual reaction time and the latency & amplitude of VEP were recorded. RESULT Kolmogorov- Smirnov test for normalcy showed the latencies & amplitude of VEP to be normally distributed. Student's unpaired t test showed significant difference (p<0.05) in the visual time and in the latencies of VEP between night shift & day workers. There was no significant difference in the amplitude of VEP. CONCLUSION Night shift workers who are prone to circadian rhythm alteration will have prolonged visual reaction time & visual evoked potential abnormalities. Implementation of Bright Light Therapy would be beneficial to the night shift worker.
Autoavaliação da postura por idosos com e sem hipercifose torácica

This article lists the differences between self-perception of body posture among the elderly suffering from postural alterations or not, in order to ascertain whether self-evaluation of posture can lead to preventive measures. Eighteen cases from the elderly population participated in the EPIDOSO project at UNIFESP and were subjected to postural evaluation. Postures were photographed and copies given to the participants and their subsequent comments were analyzed by the qualitative method. The narratives were taped and cataloguedusingthe technique of theoretical axial and selective coding from the perspective of symbolic interactionism. A passive attitude was identified among the elderly in relation to postural alterations. There is a distortion of body image by those with postural deviation. Participants with adequate spinal alignment were more conscious about body posture and the importance of this being assimilated in the phases prior to aging. The adoption of postural self-care seems to occur in the earlier stages of aging and preventive measures should be implemented at this stage. Lack of concern about posture is linked to the concept of the elderly regarding the notion that aging is, in itself, the accumulation of inevitably simultaneous or successive dysfunctions.
Reasoning about anomalies: a study of the analytical process of detecting and identifying anomalous behavior in maritime traffic data

The goal of visual analytical tools is to support the analytical reasoning process, maximizing human perceptual, understanding and reasoning capabilities in complex and dynamic situations. Visual analytics software must be built upon an understanding of the reasoning process, since it must provide appropriate interactions that allow a true discourse with the information. In order to deepen our understanding of the human analytical process and guide developers in the creation of more efficient anomaly detection systems, this paper investigates how is the human analytical process of detecting and identifying anomalous behavior in maritime traffic data. The main focus of this work is to capture the entire analysis process that an analyst goes through, from the raw data to the detection and identification of anomalous behavior. Three different sources are used in this study: a literature survey of the science of analytical reasoning, requirements specified by experts from organizations with interest in port security and user field studies conducted in different marine surveillance control centers. Furthermore, this study elaborates on how to support the human analytical process using data mining, visualization and interaction methods. The contribution of this paper is twofold: (1) within visual analytics, contribute to the science of analytical reasoning with practical understanding of users tasks in order to develop a taxonomy of interactions that support the analytical reasoning process and (2) within anomaly detection, facilitate the design of future anomaly detector systems when fully automatic approaches are not viable and human participation is needed.
Spectral efficiency analysis of OCDMA systems

2 We discuss several kinds of code schemes and analyze their spectral efficiency, code utilizing efficiency, and the maximal spectral efficiency. Error correction coding is used to increase the spectral efficiency, and it can avoid the spectral decrease with the increase of the length. The extended primer code (EPC) has the highest spectral efficiency in the unipolar code system. The bipolar code system has larger spectral efficiency than unipolar code system, but has lower code utilizing efficiency and the maximal spectral efficiency. From the numerical results, we can see that the spectral efficiency increases by 0.025 (b/s)/Hz when the bit error rate (BER) increases from 10^{-1} to 10^{-7}.
Prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in Tripoli, Libya: the need for more research and planned services.

Data on autism are lacking for Libya. We conducted a hospital-based study in the Neurodevelopment Clinic of Al-Khadra Hospital in Tripoli to estimate the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in children attending the clinic. All children referred to the clinic between 2005 and 2009 with a diagnosis of speech and language disorders or behavioural difficulties were assessed. There were 38 508 children in total seen during 2005-09, 180 of whom had a history of delayed speech and language and/or behavioural difficulties. Of the 180, 128 children were diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder: 99 had classical autism, giving the prevalence of about 4 in 1000. The male:female ratio for autistic spectrum disorders was 4:1 and for autism was 4.5:1. The most common age at presentation was 2-5 years (58%) and 56% presented 6-18 months after the onset of symptoms. Physicians should consider autism in the differential diagnosis of any child presenting with a speech and language disorder and/or behavioural difficulties.
An Adaptive Topic Crawler for Electronic Public Opinion

Topic crawler is a tool for collecting electronic public opinion from the internet. The identification method of topics relevance identification directly affects the acquisition rate of topic crawler. To improve the low information acquisition rate of existing topic crawlers strategy, a modified SVM classifier algorithm which is based on online incremental learning is proposed. The idea of algorithm is to remove samples that affect the training set greatly in the historical training set, and then to re-train the historical set and the incremental set to obtain a complete training set. A framework of topic crawler is constructed on the basis of this algorithm. The results of experiments show that, this method can effectively improve the acquisition rate of the crawler.
Visualising the social dynamics of team collaboration

The aim of this research is to develop automated computational methods that visualise a particular social dimension of teamwork, the mutual expectations and shared knowledge that form the basis for effective collaborative work, to better facilitate its accurate analysis and interpretation. This teamwork dimension is operationalised as conceptual coherence, which is imputed from the semantic coherence of team communication. This paper presents three different information visualisation techniques for representing the social dynamics of design team collaboration based on the content of their communication. This collection of data representations was developed using a custom-made software toolkit that merges computational linguistic and information visualisation algorithms. Based on this research, several teamwork visualisation guidelines have been derived in order to transform the communications of design teams into useful devices for quantifying and representing social accounting metrics concerning the level and quality of their collaborative interactions over time.
Software component design-for-reuse: a language-independent discipline applied to ADA

In an attempt to improve software quality and programmer productivity, software engineers have focused on improving the software development process. Another approach to the quality and productivity problem, similar to but crucially different from the software-process approach, is improving the design and implementation of individual components of a system. In order to achieve improvements one component at a time, this research applies software engineering principles to individual component design. Engineering principles alone are not enough, however. A "software discipline" comprising goals, properties, principles and local certification techniques is needed. "Goals" are concerned with improvement in the overall software process (e.g., improved programmer productivity). The "properties" are those characteristics each component should possess in order to achieve the goals (e.g., composability). The "principles" are very detailed language-dependent guidelines that lead the engineer to high-quality component designs and implementations. "Certification techniques" are specific methods that permit one-time certification of component possession of the properties. "Local" certification techniques permit certification for component C without knowledge of any of C's clients, and without knowledge of implementation details of any component used in C's implementation. The RESOLVE/Ada Discipline--for constructing components in Ada--is defined with the goals of improved programmer productivity and systems that are easier to maintain. There are four component properties: correctness, composability, reusability and understandability. There are 41 specific principles governing component construction. Finally, all four properties are shown to be locally certifiable. Locally certifying correctness of component C (i.e., certifying that C's implementation meets its specification) is the biggest problem. In the proposed discipline, it requires examining C's package specification (including embedded comments formally specifying C's behavior) and the package specification of each component used in C's implementation--but nothing else. Examination of several existing component libraries and frameworks for constructing components show that some implicitly define parts of a discipline (e.g., some have goals and properties while others have properties and principles). However, none explicitly defines a discipline and more importantly none even mentions the need for certification, local or not. Numerous certified RESOLVE/Ada components (package specifications and bodies) are provided as examples.
Analysis of shift in Bragg wavelength of fiber Bragg gratings with finite cladding radius

Based on the three-layer model for single mode fiber Bragg grating (FBG). We simulated the Bragg wavelength shift of FBG with different finite thickness of cladding. Comparisons were performed on a variety of core radius. The results show that the change of Bragg wavelength is relatively small, even though the case of simulation parameters is impossible to realize in experiment.
Correlation between Visual Acuity and Micro Structural Changes after Intravitreal Bevacizumab Therapy in Naive Idiopathic Choroidal Neovascularization

Introduction We correlate visual acuity and microstructural changes after intravitreal bevacizumab injection in eyes with naive idiopathic choroidal neovascularization. Methods In this chart review study, we have 40 symptomatic eyes received an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25mg/0.05 mL) followed by additional doses based on optical coherence tomography findings, including intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid, or pigment epithelial detachment. After their final follow up, based on visual improvement two groups were allocated, good function group: best corrected visual acuity ? 0.3 (logarithm of minimum angle of resolution) and poor function group<0.3 (logarithm of minimum angle of resolution). We analyzed best-corrected visual acuity, central retinal thickness, neovessels size (thickness and diameter) and disrupted photoreceptor layer length. Results Thirty one eyes (77%) showed good and nine eyes (23%) showed poor improvement in visual acuity. No significant differences at baseline were observed. Best-corrected visual acuity improved by (0.37±0.20) (logMAR) in good functional group and (0.12±0.49) (logMAR) in poor functional group and was not statistically significant (P=0.249). Change in photoreceptor disruption length was (369.09±128.4) µm in good function and (234.84±144.83) µm in poor function group and was statistically significant (P=0.038). Decrease in choroidal neovessels thickness (46.90 ± 25.34; 32.54 ± 27.54) µm (P=0.045) and central macular thickness (105.80 ± 22.31; 85.76 ± 32.78) µm (P=0.043) showed significant changes at final follow up. However no significant difference in changes of choroidal neovessels diameter was observed. Conclusion Intravitreal bevacizumab therapy is safe and well tolerated in ICNV eyes. Restoration of photoreceptor disruption length, decrease in central retinal thickness and choroidal neovessels thickness have association with visual improvement
Salient Region Detection via High-Dimensional Color Transform

In this paper, we introduce a novel technique to automatically detect salient regions of an image via high-dimensional color transform. Our main idea is to represent a saliency map of an image as a linear combination of high-dimensional color space where salient regions and backgrounds can be distinctively separated. This is based on an observation that salient regions often have distinctive colors compared to the background in human perception, but human perception is often complicated and highly nonlinear. By mapping a low dimensional RGB color to a feature vector in a high-dimensional color space, we show that we can linearly separate the salient regions from the background by finding an optimal linear combination of color coefficients in the high-dimensional color space. Our high dimensional color space incorporates multiple color representations including RGB, CIELab, HSV and with gamma corrections to enrich its representative power. Our experimental results on three benchmark datasets show that our technique is effective, and it is computationally efficient in comparison to previous state-of-the-art techniques.
Children and Adolescents with Cancer: experiences with Chemotherapy

This study aimed to comprehend chemotherapy from the perspective of children and adolescents with cancer. Ten children and adolescents between eight and 18 years of age, in different phases of chemotherapy, participated in this exploratory, qualitative study. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews and analysis of the patients’ medical records. Analysis of the empirical material followed the content analysis technique. The study allowed the comprehension that, for the children and adolescents, chemotherapy is mainly remembered for its collateral effects and suffering. After the initial impact, mainly due to physical changes, preoccupations are related to disease recovery, i.e. a cure. Over time, they also mentioned that the disease was seen as something to be overcome and, due to the chemotherapy, likely to be the outcome.
Second‐Hand Signals: How and Why Firms are Being Referenced in Scientific Publications

Studies of signaling theory have traditionally focused on the dyadic link between the sender and receiver of the signal. Within a science-based perspective this framing has led scholars to investigate how patents and publications of firms function as signals. I explore another important type of signal of firms, which is based on a formalized common practice of external, academic experts referring to firms in their peer reviewed publications. The findings provide qualitative evidence that helps explain why and how this new type of ‘second-hand’ signal is created, validated and systematically used by various agents in their search for and assessment of products and firms. I conclude by arguing how this second-hand nature of signals goes beyond a simple dyadic focus on senders and receivers of signals, and thus elucidates the more complex interrelations of the various types of agents involved in signaling phenomena.
Formation of Novice Business Students’ Mental Models Through Simulation Gaming

Studies on students’ perceptions of learning in business simulations often suggest that students like simulations and view them more positively than both lectures and case discussions. However, research on the actual learning outcomes deriving from participating in business simulations still needs to be pursued. Consequently, the purpose of this case-study article is to examine how a business simulation game contributes to the cognitive learning of novices in business studies. We describe the use of a clock-driven business simulation for teaching 133 novices in business studies at the University of Turku, Finland. The students’ cognitive learning was evaluated based on data generated by pre- and post-game concept map tests designed to illustrate the formation and change of mental models during the simulation course. The results of this study suggest that simulation games can provide a solid basis for novice learning. They help to increase comprehension of the complexity of business organizations and the various processes, transactions, and operations involved.
[Attitudes of medical students about influenza vaccination].

BACKGROUND Vaccination coverage against seasonal influenza virus among healthcare personnel is low. The aim of this study was to know the reasons for which the medical students have intention to be vaccinated against influenza when they become healthcare workers (HCWs), and to identify its determining factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed during the 2011-2012 school year. It included all enrolled medical students from a Spanish University. The information (intention to be vaccinated, reasons and 8 questions about knowledge of influenza vaccine) was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated and the associations were then evaluated using a Chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS 654 students of the 1130 (57.9%) completed the questionnaire. 63.0% had intention to be vaccinated. The main reasons to have intention to be vaccinated were: belief that vaccination is convenient (68.2%), to avoid transmitting influenza to patients (65.5%), and to avoid getting influenza from patients (64.8%). The main reasons for not having intention to be vaccinated were: low risk of influenza (41.7%) and to avoid shots/medication (27.7%). Knowledge that the vaccine is recommended for HCWs was associated with the intention (p= 0.000). CONCLUSION Intention to get vaccinated was high regarding current coverage; thus, it is needed to investigate why the coverages against influenza among Spanish physicians are usually low. The level of knowledge has left room for improvement and knowing that the vaccine is recommended for HCWs was associated with the intention.
Instructional Planning Activity Types as Vehicles for Curriculum-Based TPACK Development

Teachers' knowledge is situated, event-structured, and episodic. Technology, pedagogy and content knowledge (TPACK) - one form of highly practical professional educational knowledge - is comprised of teachers' concurrent and interdependent curriculum content, general pedagogy, and technological understanding. Teachers' planning - which expresses teachers' knowledge-in-action in pragmatic ways -- is situated, contextually sensitive, routinized, and activity-based. To assist with the development of teachers' TPACK, therefore, we suggest using what is understood from research about teachers' knowledge and instructional planning to form an approach to curriculum-based technology integration that is predicated upon the combining of technologically supported learning activity types within and across content-keyed activity type taxonomies. In this chapter, we describe such a TPACK development method.