Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Under Nutrition among Under Five Year Children in Ekpoma, Edo-Nigeria

The nutritional status of under-five children is a reflection of the health of children in the community and this forms the basis for the development of success–oriented interventional programmes. This study therefore, determines the prevalence of under nutrition among under-five’s in Ekpoma -a community in central part of Edo state, Nigeria. It is a descriptive cross–sectional study of 402 under-five year children selected by systemic sampling method. Data collection was done by physical examination and interviewer-administered questionnaire. Their height and mid– upper arm circumference were also measured using tape-rule, while weight was measured using a standard electronic scale. The study was conducted between February, 2012 and April, 2012. The results showed that the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting, was 2.5%, 12.4% and 9.5% respectively. Male under-five’s were more likely to be underweight (3.2%) and wasted (9.7%) compared to their female counterparts (2.2% and 9.4% respectively). On the other hand, female under-five’s were more stunted (12.9%) than the males (X %). Conclusively, the prevalence of under nutrition is low among under-five children in Ekpoma. However, the prevalence of stunting and its determinants require investigation. Keywords: Nutritional status, Under-five year children, Ekpoma, Nigeria
On survival comparisons between adult cystic fibrosis patients in Canada versus the United States: Twitter discussions from @respandsleepjc (#rsjc)

With the advancements in medical management of cystic fibrosis (CF) in the last two decades, life expectancy for individuals with CF is now much longer. Much of this is attributed to a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and patientcentered approach to medical care, lung transplantation, as well as aggressive treatment of malnutrition. Comparison of survival in CF between countries has long been a point of interest for researchers in order to understand trends in disease progression and severity and how this may impact morbidity and survival. In 2011, the median age of survival for adults with CF was 48.5 years and 36.8 years in the United States. This article applies a standardized approach to survival analysis in CF patients in both Canada and the United States in order to confirm this observed difference in survival. Additionally, the complexities involved in comparing national survival rates are explored.
Factor Predictive of 1-Year Retention on Methadone Maintenance Therapy Program: A Survival Analysis Study

Introduction:Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is the treatment of choice in opiate dependency and retention in this therapy is considered as a target. However, various studies have shown that the retention rate in this program has not been satisfactory. Objective:To determine the predicting factors that influence patient’s retention on MMT program among opiate dependents. Methods:This retrospective record review study was conducted among 178 opiate-dependent patients who were newly admitted to MMT program in one of Malaysian government hospital. Cox Proportional Hazard Regression was used to predict the factors that influence patients to retain in treatment within 1 year of therapy. The predictor variables were sex, employment status, level of maintenance dose, take away dose, lifetime of illicit drug used, and relapse of illicit drug during MMT. Results:The employment status, level of methadone dose and take away dose were significant factors of program retention in multiple Cox regression analysis. Opiate dependents who had a full-time job were 47% less likely to drop out within 1-year MMT [hazard ratio (HR): 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44-1.33 and P=0.047] than unemployed. Those who received a high dose (>60 mg) and allowed for take away dose were 79% and 80% less likely to drop out from the program (HR: 0.21, 95% CI, 0.08-0.53 and P=0.001) and (HR: 0.20, 95% CI, 0.12-0.32and P<0.001), respectively. Conclusions:Opiate dependents on MMT should be offered with a high maintenance dose and allowed for take away dosage. Employment is strongly encouraged for them.
Road Climate in Cities:A Study of the Stockholm Area, South‐East Sweden

The difference between air and road surface temperature in urban and rural areas is an important consideration when modelling the road climate. In this study the effect of the urban heat island in the Stockholm area on road climate is examined. Factors such as distance from the city centre, traffic and topography are analysed in order to assess their impact on the spatial variation of road and air temperature. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Study on language comprehension in aphasic subjects

Introduccion: La afasia es un trastorno que se deriva de una lesion cerebral y afecta tanto la expresion como la comprension del lenguaje. Objetivo: investigar la comprension del lenguaje en los individuos afasicos a traves de la bateria de pruebas de comprension Montreal Toulouse Test (version alpha). Diseno del estudio: este es un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y cualitativocuantitativo que analiza la comprension de 60 sujetos, con edades comprendidas entre los 40 y 70 anos de edad. Los datos se refieren a la comprension de: palabras habladas (SWC), palabras escritas (WWC), frases simples habladas (SSPC), frases simples escritas (WSPC), frases complejas habladas (SCPC) y frases complejas escritas (WCPC). Resultados: cuanto mayor es la comprension de SWC, mayor es la comprension de WWC. Cuanto mayor es la comprension de SSPC y de SCPC, mayor es la comprension de WSPC y de WCPC y viceversa; al comparar la comprension oral y la escrita se ha encontrado lo siguiente: cuanto mayor es la comprension de WC, mayor es la de PC, mientras mayor sea la comprension de las SPC, mayor sera la de CPC, y viceversa. No se observo relacion entre edad y genero. Conclusion: la comprension de las estructuras simples beneficia la comprension de las estructuras complejas y la dificultad para la comprension de las estructuras simples esta asociada con la dificultad en la comprension de las estructuras complejas. Abstract Introduction: Aphasia is a disorder which stems from cerebral lesion and impairs both language expression and comprehension. Objective: to investigate language comprehension in aphasic individuals through the comprehension test battery of Montreal Toulouse Test (alpha version). Study Design: A retrospective, descriptive, qualitative-quantitative research involving 60 subjects, ranging from 40-70 years old. Data crossing including comprehension of: spoken words (SWC), written words (WWC), spoken simple phrases (SSPC), written simple phrases (WSPC), spoken complex phrases (SCPC) and written complex phrases (WCPC). Results: the higher the SWC, the higher the WWC; the higher the SSPC and SCPC, the higher the WSPC and WCPC and vice versa; comparing spoken and written comprehension: the higher the WC, the higher the PC; the higher the SPC, the higher the CPC and vice-versa; no correlation between age and gender was found. Conclusion: the comprehension of simple structures benefits the comprehension of complex structures and the difficulty in the comprehension of simple structures associates with the difficulty in comprehension of complex structures.
Systematic Ensemble Learning for Regression

The motivation of this work is to improve the performance of standard stacking approaches or ensembles, which are composed of simple, heterogeneous base models, through the integration of the generation and selection stages for regression problems. We propose two extensions to the standard stacking approach. In the first extension we combine a set of standard stacking approaches into an ensemble of ensembles using a two-step ensemble learning in the regression setting. The second extension consists of two parts. In the initial part a diversity mechanism is injected into the original training data set, systematically generating different training subsets or partitions, and corresponding ensembles of ensembles. In the final part after measuring the quality of the different partitions or ensembles, a max-min rule-based selection algorithm is used to select the most appropriate ensemble/partition on which to make the final prediction. We show, based on experiments over a broad range of data sets, that the second extension performs better than the best of the standard stacking approaches, and is as good as the oracle of databases, which has the best base model selected by cross-validation for each data set. In addition to that, the second extension performs better than two state-of-the-art ensemble methods for regression, and it is as good as a third state-of-the-art ensemble method.
Complexity and aesthetic preference for diverse visual stimuli

L'any 1971 Daniel Berlyne va proposar que les persones preferirien estimuls visuals de complexitat intermitja per sobre dels estimuls d�alta i baixa complexitat. Tot i que els resultats d�alguns treballs previs han verificat aquesta prediccio, altres investigacions, en canvi, apunten que la preferencia augmenta linealment amb la complexitat, mentre que d�altres no han trobat relacio significativa alguna. L�objectiu d�aquest treball es el de clarificar les causes d�aquesta divergencia entre els resultats anteriors. Els nostres propis resultats suggereixen que ni les diferencies en la composicio dels grups de participants pel que fa al sexe, ni tampoc el tipus de materials utilitzats, expliquen la discrepancia. Pel contrari, els nostres resultats indiquen que la divergencia en els resultats d�estudis anteriors que han explorat la relacio entre complexitat visual i preferencia estetica es deu principalment a diferencies en la concepcio, definicio i operativitzacio del concepte de «complexitat». ***************************** Daniel Berlyne propuso en 1971 que las personas preferirian estimulos visuales de complejidad intermedia por encima de los de alta y baja complejidad. A pesar de que los resultados de algunos trabajos posteriores han verificado esta prediccion, otros apuntan a que la preferencia aumenta linealmente con la complejidad, mientras que otros no han hallado relacion significativa alguna. El objetivo de este trabajo es clarificar las causas de esta divergencia entre resultados anteriores. Nuestros propios resultados sugieren que ni diferencias en la composicion de los grupos de participantes en cuanto al sexo ni en el tipo de materiales utilizados explican la discrepancia. Por el contrario, nuestros resultados sugieren que la divergencia en los resultados de estudios anteriores que han explorado la relacion entre complejidad visual y preferencia estetica se debe principalmente a diferencias en la concepcion, definicion y operativizacion del concepto de complejidad. ***************************** In 1971 Daniel Berlyne suggested that people would prefer intermediately complex visual stimuli over very simple or very complex ones. In spite of the fact that some subsequent studies have verified this prediction, others found that preference was linearly related with complexity, whereas others have found no significant relation. The objective of this work is to clarify the causes of this divergence among prior results. Our own results suggest that neither differences in the composition of participant groups in relation to sex nor the kind of materials they used explained the discrepancy. On the contrary, our results indicate that the divergence in the results of prior studies that have explored the relation between visual complexity and aesthetic preference is mainly due to difference sin the conception, definition, and operativization of the concept of complexity.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE PARICÁ (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke) EM SUBSTRATO ORGÂNICO – ESTUDO DE CASO

Devido ao seu rapido desenvolvimento, o parica ( Schizolobium amazonicum ) e uma especie com grande potencial para reflorestamentos, tanto puros como em sistemas agroflorestais. Assim, este trabalho visou avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas da especie, em sacos de polietileno, sob telas de sombrite com 75% de sombreamento. As sementes de parica sofreram processo de quebra de dormencia por escarificacao mecânica, com lixamento na parte oposta a micropila e foram semeadas nos sacos de polietileno contendo substrato composto por terra de subsolo (50%), areia (25%) e cama de aviario (25%), sendo as mudas avaliadas aos 30, 60 e 90 dias apos a semeadura, quanto as variaveis altura, diâmetro de colo e numero de folhas. As mudas de parica alcancaram bom desenvolvimento, com media de 3,9 mm de diâmetro do colo, 28,8 cm de altura da parte aerea e numero medio de folhas igual a 8, aos 90 dias de idade.
Relation between UML2 activity diagrams and CSP algebra

The computer systems grows from year to year and they impact our everyday live. Therefore, their failure is unacceptable. One of the techniques, how to increase reliability of a system, is the utilization of formal methods and verification. Unfortunately, most formal methods are mathematically based and system developers refuse to learn such new techniques. This paper aims to present a possibility how to automatically transform a UML activity diagram well known by most system developers into a CSP formal specification which can then be verified.
Nutritional composition, microbial status, functional and sensory properties of infant diets formulated from cooking banana fruits (Musa spp, ABB genome) and fermented bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L. Verdc) seeds

Purpose – Protein‐energy malnutrition is regarded as one of the public health problems in many parts of developing countries. One of the factors responsible is poverty, which has reduced quality of dietary intakes of many homes, particularly children. Therefore, this study aims at formulating weaning food from locally available food materials using traditional processing methods.Design/methodology/approach – The cooking banana and bambara groundnut seeds were purchased from local market in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The cooking bananas were peeled manually and sliced into pieces length wise, oven‐dried at 60 °C for 24 h, dried, milled and sieved through a 0.4 mm wire mesh screen. The undehulled bambara groundnut (BG) seeds were cleaned, cooked for 1 h, dehulled and fermented for four days using traditional methods. The fermented BG samples were oven dried, milled and sieved. The food samples were mixed in ratio of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 of cooking banana and BG flour, respectively. Nutrend (commer.
Injection-Site Pain in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Interferon Beta-1b Versus Interferon Beta-1a

A single-center, open-label, comparative pilot study was undertaken to assess injection-site pain associated with 10 consecutive subcutaneous injections of interferon beta-1b 250 μg every other day or interferon beta-1a 44 μg three times weekly in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Injection-site pain was assessed by the patients with a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) score. Recordings were made before each injection and at 10 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours postinjection. Ten patients were enrolled in each treatment group. The proportion of injections associated with no pain or no increase in pain at 1 hour postinjection was higher with interferon beta-1b (47%) than with interferon beta-1a (27%). Mean pain severity was also less intense with interferon beta-1b than with interferon beta-1a. Differences in VAS scores were seen immediately after injection (1.04 versus 3.14 cm, respectively) and at 10 minutes (0.40 versus 1.70 cm) and 1 hour (0.33 versus 1.50 cm) postinjection. These findings indicate that.
Risk of diabetes insipidus after pituitary surgery

Diabetes insipidus is a common complication of pituitary surgery, occurring acutely in 18–30% of operations. Most patients recover full posterior function but a minority sustain sufficient damage to vasopressin-secreting neurons to develop permanent diabetes insipidus. The triplephase response, comprising early transient diabetes insipidus, followed by a period of antidiuresis and hyponatremia, before resolving into permanent diabetes insipidus, is an uncommon but important variant. Diabetes insipidus is more common following surgery for craniopharyngioma compared with pituitary adenoma, and craniopharyngioma patients may develop the dangerous complication of adipsic diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is also more common following pituitary surgery for Rathke’s cleft cysts and possible adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting adenomas. The data on tumor size are conflicting but our own experience would suggest that diabetes insipidus is more common after surgery for large suprasellar tumors, particularly those with hypothalamic extension. The experience and skill of the neurosurgeon also determines the likelihood of developing diabetes insipidus. The diagnosis of postsurgical diabetes insipidus depends on excluding other forms of polyuria, including diabetes mellitus, excess intravenous fluids and therapy with diuretics or mannitol. Treatment with vasopressin analogues is almost always effective in controlling renal water excretion and normalizing plasma sodium concentrations.
Comparison of treatment practices for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in Japan, Europe, and United States

Background: Recent data from the United States (US) suggest limited adherence to 3-drug regimen guidelines to treat nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTMPD) patients (pts) with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). We performed chart audits to evaluate whether clinicians in Europe and Japan adhere to the guidelines. Methods: Representative samples of physicians from Japan and 5 countries in Europe (EU5: United Kingdom [UK], France, Germany, Italy, and Spain) extracted treatment information from records of NTMPD pts with a confirmed diagnosis of MAC or M. abscessus . Treatment patterns in EU5 and Japan were compared to published US data. Results: In the EU5 and Japan, 619 qualified physicians with NTMPD pts completed questionnaires on 1,429 patient cases; the US study included 349 physicians with 915 patient cases. MAC (∼80%) was the predominant species in all countries. Pts in Japan presented mostly with mild symptoms; elsewhere patients presented with moderate symptoms. Treatment for MAC with a recommended 3-drug macrolide regimen for ≥6 months was highest in Japan (50%), similar in US (24%) and UK (22%), and Conclusions: Guidance-compliant treatment regimen was highest in Japan. Further investigation is warranted to address critical gaps in appropriate treatment practices.
The importance of parents in the lives of children in the care system

Research to date has found that natural parents may be an important source of identity and support for children in and young people leaving out-of-home care. There has, however, been limited research on natural parents themselves, both internationally and in Australia. This paper provides a justification for a research focus on parents, documents what is known from research to date, highlights current issues for parents and their children in out-of-home care, and concludes by identifying future research priorities in the area. The paper calls for recognition of the need to maintain positive links between natural family members in order to ensure best practice outcomes for children and young people in care.
Hidden Markov Models for Time Series – An Introduction Using R

The book by Walter Zucchini and Iain MacDonald is an introduction to the theory and computation of HMM (Part I) and their applications to a wide variety of time series data (Part II). Chapters 1–7 of Part I introduce the main ideas using a single running example, annual earthquake counts, and different versions of Poisson HMM; Chapter 8 generalizes to other HMM. Part II breaks that pattern and applies both Poisson and some of the HMM mentioned in Chapter 8 to very interesting data sets, namely epileptic episodes, eruptions of Old Faithful, Drosophila speed and change of direction, wind direction, financial series, births, homicides and suicides and animal behavior. This is not a book, as the authors say, written for those interested in developing the theory of HMM, but rather for applied statisticians in fields in which time series (or other dependent data) arise that are not amenable to analysis by ARMA models or models that assume independence or normality, respectively, especially categorical series and series of counts. Becoming acquainted with the theory of HMM with a single running example of earthquake data and one type of model, Poisson HMM, is very effective, even if the Poisson is not the model you need for your data. The study of the models is aided by the R code written by the authors and presented in Appendix A.
A Study on Awareness and Perceptions Regarding Blood Safety and Blood Donation among Health Care Providers in a Teaching Hospital of Calcutta

Research question: How aware are health care providers about blood safety and blood donation and what are their perceptions about blood donation? Objectives: 1. To assess awareness about blood safety and blood donation among different categories of health care providers (HCPs). 2. To ascertain their perceptions about blood donation. Study design: Cross-sectional. Setting: R.G. Kar Medical College Calcutta. Participants: Total 208 health care providers including doctors trainee doctors nurses group D and other staff including technicians etc. Results: Awareness about blood safety was least among group D but not satisfactory even among doctors and other HCPs. Trainee doctors were well aware about screening tests. Guidelines for blood donation were best known by `other group of staffs. Most were aware about needle safety but not about banning of professional donors. Most had positive attitude about blood donation except `other group of staff less than 50% HCPs had ever donated blood and donor retention was variable. Commonest reason for non donation was `never approached by anybody. Most were however willing to donate in future. (authors)
Needle stick injuries and awareness towards post exposure prophylaxis for HIV among private general practitioners of Davangere city

Background: Health care workers are at increased risk of infection with blood borne pathogens. Most exposures among health care workers are caused by percutaneous injuries with sharp objects contaminated with blood or body fluids. HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is effective in preventing potential HIV infection following accidental exposure. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of needle stick injuries (NSI) and factors affecting NSI among private general practitioners, awareness towards post exposure prophylaxis for HIV among private general practitioners, practice of post exposure prophylaxis for HIV among private general practitioners. Methods: The Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among private general practitioners of Davangere city. Results: The prevalence of needle stick injures (NSI) in the life time of private general practitioners was 92.4%. In our study all participants had heard of HIV post exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Out of 150, 12 (8 %) had accidental exposure and 8 (67%) received HIV-PEP after exposure. Out of 8, 3(38%) completed the full HIV-PEP course. Conclusions: Majority of the respondents had needle stick injuries at least once in their life time. Majority of respondents had NSI while recapping needle. Majority of the participants had good level of awareness on PEP. Despite of good level of awareness they fail to practice HIV PEP.