Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grounding Spoken Words in Unlabeled Video

In this paper, we explore deep learning models that learn joint multi-modal embeddings in videos where the audio and visual streams are loosely synchronized. Specifically, we consider cooking show videos from the YouCook2 dataset and a subset of the YouTube-8M dataset. We introduce varying levels of supervision into the learning process to guide the sampling of audio-visual pairs for training the models. This includes (1) a fully-unsupervised approach that samples audio-visual segments uniformly from an entire video, and (2) sampling audio-visual segments using weak supervision from off-the-shelf automatic speech and visual recognition systems. Although these models are preliminary, even with no supervision they are capable of learning cross-modal correlations, and with weak supervision we see significant amounts of cross-modal learning.
SMALL AND MICRO ENTERPRISE OWNERS ’ CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) use different sources of financing some of them emerging to be a challenge to the performance of the SME since most SME owners lack necessary knowledge on which sources of finance to enhance financial performance, one of the essential elements is financing. Businesses need finance for their expansion, production, innovation, growth and development. For SMEs to survive and grow, access to debt finance is critical. Owners’ characteristic is an important determinant of finance options among SME. The aim of this study was to determine the SME owners’ characteristics and their impact on capital structure adopted. The research analyzed the effect of SME owners’ self efficacy on capital structure, SME owners’ Overconfidence on capital structure and the effect SME owners’ social network on capital structure. The study was informed by Human capital theory. Explanatory research design was adopted and the target was 295 SMEs which are registered as companies within Thika town in Kenya. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 170 SMEs. Secondary data was collected from financial records of SMEs and structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data. Descriptive statistics specifically mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression model were used in data analysis. The study findings provide insight on the best components of capital structure that SMEs can employ to improve their financial performance.
Printed in the United Kingdom Resolving Conflicts in Knowledge for Ambient Intelligence

Ambient Intelligence (AmI) proposes pervasive information systems composed of autonomous agents embedded within the environment who, in orchestration, complement human activity in an intelligent manner. As such, it is an interesting and challenging application area for many computer science fields and approaches. A critical issue in such application scenarios is that the agents must be able to acquire, exchange and evaluate knowledge about the environment, its users, and their activities. Knowledge populated between the agents in such systems may be contextually-dependent, ambiguous, and incomplete. Conflicts may thus naturally arise, that need to be dealt with by the agents in an autonomous way. In this survey, we relate AmI to the area of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR), where conflict resolution has been studied for a long time. We take a look at a number of KR approaches that may be applied: context modelling, multi-context systems, belief revision, ontology evolution and debugging, argumentation, preferences, and paraconsistent reasoning. Our main goal is to describe the state of the art in these fields, and to draw attention of researchers to important theoretical issues and practical challenges that still need to be resolved, in order to reuse the results from KR in AmI systems or similar complex and demanding applications.
Effect of the contact condition of the actuator on the sound localization of bone-conducted reproduction

To realize three-dimensional sound reproduction using a bone-conducted sound reproduction device, the effect of the contact condition between the actuator of the bone-conducted device and the surface of each part of the face on the sound localization performance of binaural sound signals reproduced by the device via bone conduction was investigated. As a result of a subjective evaluation experiment, it was found that the sound localization performance of bone-conducted binaural sound was increased owing to the contact force and position of the actuator device.
Dispelling Misconceived Beliefs About Rent Control: Insights from a Field and a Laboratory Experiment

False beliefs about natural, health and socio-economic issues are pervasive in society. Many persist even when contradicted by scientific evidence. We conduct a classroom field and a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of a particular communication strategy, the refutation text, previously used in the natural sciences and psychology, on a widespread economic misconception: the belief that rent controls make housing available to more people. Our interests are in successfully communicating social science results to the general public and promoting deep learning in economics courses. We find that in the field and in the laboratory a refutation text induces a substantial belief change in the direction of expert knowledge. In the field its impact is significantly larger than that of the natural control, whereas in the laboratory the impact is larger than that of an appropriate control, but not significantly so. The persuasiveness of the refutation text is higher for less reflective participants when the refutation text is read individually, whereas team discussion enhances the positive effect of the text independently of cognitive ability.
Lack of Cementum in Infundibulum (Hypocementosis) in Equine Cheek Teeth

The aetiology for lack of Cementum in infundibulum in equine cheek teeth is primarily unknown for the non-traumatic cases but affect first of all 108, 109, 208 and 209. The aim of the study was to elucidate reasons for affection these teeth. Examination of 64 pulsated or extracted and longitudinal sectioned check teeth showed that a considerable amount of the clinically normal cheek teeth had straw, forage debris and air in the infundibula. This material suggests that abnormalities in cementogenesis of the infundibulum and food impaction can be an internal route for infection via an incompletely cementum filled infundibulum. The exact time for formation of the apex of the infundibulum is unknown, but it seems to be after eruption of the maxillary cheek teeth, as the infundibulum is not filled totally with cement, and pressure on the root shows blood on the surface of the trans-sectioned infundibulum. Histological examination shows forage material embedded in histologically normal cementum as a sign of connection through the occlusion surface into the infundibulum during cement production. This is in agreement with very recent research on the blood supply during development of the infundibulum which indicate that blood supply through the infundibular apex do continue after eruption of the teeth.
A NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR THE EXISTENCE OF AN

s *********************************************************************************** A NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR THE EXISTENCE OF AN (n, r)-ARC in PG(2, q) AND ITS APPLICATIONS∗ Noboru Hamada, Tatsuya Maruta, Yusuke Oya e-mail: n-hamada@koala.odn. ne.jp maruta@mi.s. osakafu-u.ac. jp yuu.vim-0319@hotmail.co.jp ACM Computing Classification System (1998): E.4.
Silicon Management for Mitigating Abiotic Stress Effects in Plants

Abiotic stress factors including salinity, drought, heat, frost, lodging, shading and ion toxicities may adversely affect the crop productivity and quality. Increasing evidences suggest that adequate regulation of silicon (Si) may enable the plants to survive the stress environment in a wide variety of crops. Si, once absorbed by the xylem veins, is deposited in the cell wall of roots, reducing the apoplastic bypass flow, provides binding sites for salts and, thereby, reduces the uptake and translocation of salts from roots to shoots. Si deposition in the cell wall increases the rigidity of cell wall and reduces the loss of water through transpiration with a resultant decrease in salt uptake. An increase in internal storage of water within plant tissue, due to reduced transpiration, allows higher growth rate and consequently mitigating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses. Si stimulates antioxidant defense system which helps the plants to maintain the desired level of reactive oxygen species in stress environment. Plants grown in the presence of Si show an erect growth, minimizing the amount of shade and allowing better distribution of light within the canopy. Si can lower electrolyte leakage, promoting photosynthetic activity in plants grown in stress environment. Si can positively affect the activities of certain enzymes and decrease the injury caused by abiotic stress factors. Si reduces the toxicity of elements such as iron, aluminum, manganese and cadmium through reduced uptake, complexation or immobilization and compartmentation or homogenous distribution of metal ions within the plant. This review deals with the current knowledge of beneficial effects of Si with focuses being on possible mechanisms of minimizing abiotic stress effects on plant growth and development. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Effect of Strategic Leadership and Empowerment on Job Satisfaction of the Employees of University of Guilan

The methods for the management and leadership of educational and research organizations has always been a question of some researchers. With the emergence of the strategic management in educational organizations, different views were raised about the management of these institutions whether it is possible to apply issues related to the business and educational administration field. They both agree on the difference between educational environment and business environment. This difference leads to different research areas which one of them is the managers’ educational leadership style. Regarding to the educational research centers’ management, strategic leadership is one of leadership styles. This paper examined the effect of this leadership style on empowerment and job satisfaction of employees of Guilan University. The statistical population of the study consisted of 235 employees of Guilan University. Smart PLS software and Structural Equation Modeling were used for data analysis. The results showed that the style of strategic leadership and employee empowerment had a significant positive effect on job satisfaction.
Impact of Artemisia Annua L . Supplementation On Growth Performance And Control Of Coccidiosis In Rabbits

In this study, growth performance and anticoccidial protective effects of Artemisia annua l. powder or extract as dietary supplement were studied. Ninety growing new Zealand White rabbits (932 ±32.0g) were randomly distributed in nine experimental groups which established: (T1) control negative; (T2) control positive; (T3) infected and fed 0.5ml of Artemisia annua extract;(T4) infected and fed 1.0 ml extract; (T5) Infected and supplemented 5 g Artemisia annua powder /kg diet;(T6) infected and supplemented 10g powder/kg diet;(T7) infected and treated with (Salphaqenioxaline Sodium 30%;(T8) infected and fed 2.5 ml extract and (T9) infected and fed 5 ml extract. Artemisinin analysis was performed using HPLC–MS system (Dionex Ultimate 3000 Bremen, Germany). The effects of A. annua infection were assessed by clinical signs, mortality, fecal oocyst shedding, lesion score, body weight gain, feed conversion (FCR), relative growth rate (RGR) and Performance Index (PI %). Caecal content pH, volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and total bacterial counts (TBC) were determined. Artemisia annua l. extract has a good anticoccidial effect and improved the bacterial count showed the lowest value. Rabbits treated with A. annua significantly reduced fecal oocytes (90.76%). The best values of FCR; RGR and PI % of rabbits as affected by Artemisia annua l powder or extract doses were significantly (p<0.05) achieved by T8; T9 groups (3.51; 86.28; 85.54 and 3.77; 61.87; 65.93%, respectively). Also, the best values of caecal TVFA and TBC were significantly (p<0.05) recorded by group fed 5ml of Artemisia annua extract (T9) (4.85 meq/100ml juice and 4.73 log cfu/g) compared with other tested groups. The use of Artemisia annua extract in 0.5; 1.0 and 2.5 ml (T3; T4 and T8) was better in controlling coccidiosis of rabbits than other experimental groups. Conclusively, that Artemisinin is a promising natural drug for prevention and control of coccidiosis in rabbits. Artemisia annua powder at 5g/kg diet achieved a good growth performance and coccidiosis prevention, Meanwhile, Artemisia annua extract at 2.5ml oral /3days per week recorded the best results of performance and prevention of coccidiosis in growing rabbits, but further studies must be done with adjusted infective doses. [M.S. Abousekken; M.F. Azazy; A.O. El-Khtam and Walaa K.S. Zaglool. Impact of Artemisia Annua L. Supplementation On Growth Performance And Control Of Coccidiosis In Rabbits. J Am Sci 2015;11(5):159169]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 19
Teaching Community Skills to Students with Moderate Disabilities: Comparing Combined Techniques of Classroom Simulation, Videotape Modeling, and

The investigator used a constant time delay procedure to teach 3 secondary students with moderate mental disabilities the community skills of mailing a letter, cashing a check, and crossing a street. The instructional format was counterbalanced across skills and students and consisted of (a) classroom simulation plus community-based instruction, (b) videotape modeling plus community-based instruction, and (c) classroom simulation plus videotape modeling plus community-based instruction. Generalization probe sessions conducted within a multiple probe design evaluated generalization to novel community settings. Effectiveness data showed that all instructional formats were effective in teaching the skills and resulted in generalization to novel community settings; however, efficiency data showed the combination of classroom simulation and community based instruction to be the most efficient procedure across participant in terms of time to criterion. Many students with mental disabilities exhibit used to encourage generalization of skills are difficulty with generalization of acquired skills community-based instruction (CBI) and com
Water inside β-cyclodextrin cavity: amount, stability and mechanism of binding

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are native host systems with inherent ability to form inclusion complexes with various molecular entities, mostly hydrophobic substances. Host cyclodextrins are accommodative to water molecules as well and contain water in the native state. For β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), there is no consensus regarding the number of bound water molecules and the location of their coordination. A number of intriguing questions remain: (1) Which localities of the host’s macrocycle are the strongest attractors for the guest water molecules? (2) What are the stabilizing factors for the water clusters in the interior of β-CD and what type of interactions between water molecules and cavity walls or between the water molecules themselves are dominating the energetics of the β-CD hydration? (3) What is the maximum number of water molecules inside the cavity of β-CD? (4) How do the thermodynamic characteristics of β-CD hydration compare with those of its smaller α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) counterpart? In this study, we address these questions by employing a combination of experimental (DSC/TG) and theoretical (DFT) approaches.
From Elementary to University Students' Ideas about Causes of the Seasons.

This research was a cross-age study that sought to determine and compare students’ ideas about the causes of the seasons. Toward this aim, the research was carried out with 974 students at different educational levels and across the various age groups. First, the data obtained from the responses to the open-ended question was categorized according to a rubric formulated in line with the goal of the study. The methodology used in analyzing the data derived from the interviews was a grouped categorization of those responses that were construed as having similar intended meanings. Statistically, a significant difference was found between the groups of university students aged 20-22 and the other groups of students who were between the ages of 10-19. In addition, whereas the frequency of encountering some misconceptions decreased with age, on the other hand, the frequency of other misconceptions showed an increase in older students. At the same time, there were some misconceptions which did not vary significantly in frequency across the age groups and still others that did show changes.
CaVe BeaR MeTaPODIals FROM DIVJe BaBe I ( WesTeRN slOVeNIa )

The excavation of the Late Pleistocene cave site of Divje babe I (Western Slovenia) yielded several thousand cave bear metapodials. Multivariate statistical analysis of metric data for 1,598 metacarpals and metatarsals allowed these bones to be grouped according to sex. The differences in sex ratio between the samples from OIS 5a-5d and OIS 3 are explained with the increased intersexual competition for lairs in OIS 3 due to more severe climatic conditions.
THE DAIDALOS ARCHITECTURE FOR MOBILITY AND QoS

Telecom operators and internet service providers are heading for a new shift in communications paradigms. The forthcoming convergence of cellular and wireless data networks is often manifested in an “all IP approach” where all communications are based on an end-to-end framework of IP protocol. The approach to network design becomes user and service-centered where continuous reachability of mobile users and sustained communication capabilities are default requirements for a prospective architecture. In this paper we describe a network architecture which is able to provide seamless communication mobility, triggered either by the user or by the network, across multiple technologies. The architecture implements an approach to heterogeneity management in which supporting functions are divided between the end-devices and the network infrastructure. It includes a cross-layer design of a mobile terminal and of the supporting functions located in the network. The architecture allows for media independent handover and supports optimized and localized mobility management. The main focus of the paper is on major technical highlights of mobility as well as quality-of-service management subsystems for converged networks, and experimental results are provided to support these highlights.
Psychiatric Symptoms of the Patients with Epilepsy

Amaç: Epilepsi hastalarında anksiyete, depresif belirtiler, psikotik belirtiler ve mental retardasyon gibi psikiyatrik belirtiler genel populasyona göre daha yaygindir. Bu çalışmanın amacı epilepsi hastalarında psikiyatrik belirtileri değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Katılımcılara SCL-90-R psikolojik belirti tarama testi uygulandı. Epilepsi polikliniğinde takip edilen epilepsi hastaları ardışık olarak dâhil edildi. Formlar bir psikiyatri ve bir nöroloji uzmanı tarafından değerlendirildi. Somatizasyon, obsesif-kompulsif düşünceler, kişiler arası duyarlılık, depresyon, anksiyete, fobik anksiyete, psikotizm, paranoid düşünce ve düşmanlık alt ölçekleri değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Yüz on bir epilepsi hastası ile cinsiyet ve yaş uyumlu 92 kontrol olgu çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Epilepsi hastalarının yaş ortalaması 34.05±10.90 yıl idi. Hastaların 43’ü erkek, 68’i kadındı. On dört hasta (%12.61) mental retardasyon tanısı aldı. Her madde için ortalama SCL-90-R skoru sonuçlarına dayanarak yapılan değerlendirmede somatizasyon, obsesif kompulsif belirtiler, kişiler arası duyarlılık, depresyon, anksiyete, düşmanlık, fobik anksiyete, paronoid düşünce ve psikotizm semptomları hasta grupta kontrollere göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Sonuç: SCL-90-R psikolojik belirti tarama testi psikiyatrik semptomların taranmasında kullanılabilecek kolay bir testtir. Epilepsi hastalarında psikiyatrik semptomlarla ilgili farkındalığı artırmak için kullanılabilir. Klinisyenlerin bu belirtilere farkındalığı arttığında hastalara daha doğru bir yaklaşım mümkün olacaktır. Epilepsi hastalarının izlenmesi açısından sadece nöbet sıklığı ve şiddeti değil aynı zamanda diğer psikiyatrik belirtiler de önemlidir.
Vaccination against mastitis : an overview

Mastitis affects a high proportion of cows throughout the world and is without doubt still one of the most costly diseases for the dairy industry (Bradley, 2002). The financial losses associated with mastitis are mainly incurred by milk production losses, treatment costs, and culling (Huijps et al., 2008). Additionally, farmers supplying milk with high bulk milk somatic cell count may be losing out on bonus payments as well as incurring penalties. Mastitis also accounts for the largest proportion of antibiotic drug use in the dairy industry, strongly harming the image of milk as a high quality product. Indeed, herds with higher bulk milk somatic cell count have a higher risk of antibiotic residue violation because of their increased antibiotic usage (Ruegg and Tabone, 2000). Clinical mastitis has, in addition, its implications for animal welfare (Bradley, 2002). Treating infected cows also increases labor usage (e.g. time and efforts) and causes stress of which the consequences should not be underestimated as they are both perceived as the two most annoying aspects of mastitis by farmers (Jansen et al., 2009).
Parallel Computation Of Single-needle Dendrites In 3D And Comparison With Microgravity Experiment

The dendritic growth of a single needle dendrite is studied in three dimensional space by using a phase field model and parallel architecture. A large difference in the length scales (capillarity length, the tip radius of the interface and etc.) poses difficulty in the computation of dendritic growth. For succinonitrile (SCN), the difference in the length scales is as high as 10-* cm to 1 cm. Consequently, a grid of 5003 is used on the supercomputer to resolve these length scales. The parameters, initial and boundary conditions are identical to those of the microgravity experiments for succinonitrile (SCN). The numerical results are (i) consistent with the experiments; (ii) compatible with the experimental conclusion that tip velocity does not increase with increased anisotropy; (iii) different for 3D versus 2D by a factor of approximately 1.9; (iv) essentially identical for fully 3D versus rotationally symmetric 3D.
Evaluating the Role of Repeated Patterns in Folk Song Classification and Compression

According to musicological studies on oral transmission, repeated patterns are considered important for determining musical similarity in folk songs. In this paper, we study the relevance of repeated patterns for modelling similarity and compression in a retrieval setting. Using a dataset of 360 Dutch folk songs, we compare the classification accuracy of both humanly annotated patterns and automatically retrieved patterns by means of a pattern discovery algorithm. A framework is proposed to use these patterns for compression and classification in tune families. The annotated patterns allow us to compress the songs by 60% at the expense of a 3 percentage points decrease in classification accuracy. However, none of the automatic pattern discovery algorithms is able to reach a similar combination of compression ratio and retrieval accuracy. We conclude that repeated patterns are relevant for similarity estimation and compression, but that the state of the art in automatic pattern discovery cannot compete with expert annotations in this retrieval setting.