Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of walras in and for schumpeter's work : An intellectual link revisited

Toute sa vie durant, en sa qualite d'historien de la pensee economique, Schumpeter rendit hommage a l'oeuvre de Leon Walras pour le role eminent que celui-ci joua dans le processus de construction de notre discipline. Par ailleurs, Schumpeter recourut aussi a certaines des avancees analytiques de Walras afin de construire ses propres theories du circuit et de l'evolution economique. Il est cependant difficile de savoir comment Schumpeter voyait la nature de la possible relation entre ces deux tâches et comment il proceda finalement pour trancher la question. C'est precisement la l'objectif de l'article qui propose : (i) de caracteriser la nature de la methodologie reductionniste employee par Schumpeter pour rendre compte de l'oeuvre de Leon Walras; (ii) de mettre en evidence le processus par lequel Schumpeter insera cette interpretation reductionniste dans sa propre theorie de l'evolution economique.
Regulation of paracellular transport in the distal nephron

Purpose of reviewClaudins play a major role in the regulation of paracellular electrolyte reabsorption in the kidney. This review describes the recent findings of the physiological function of claudins underlying the paracellular transport mechanisms for Cl− reabsorption in the collecting duct. Recent findingsThere are two parallel mechanisms for transepithelial Cl− reabsorption in the collecting duct that utilize the Na-driven Cl–bicarbonate exchanger (NDCBE) and the claudin-based paracellular channel. Histological studies have demonstrated the renal localization of claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-7, and claudin-8 in the collecting duct. Molecular analyses using several collecting duct cell models have come to the conclusion that claudin-4 functions as a paracellular Cl− channel. The channel function of claudin-4 is conferred by a charged lysine residue (K65) in its extracellular loop. Claudin-8 is required for paracellular Cl− permeation through its interaction with and recruitment of claudin-4 during tight junction assembly. Claudin-7 provides the basic barrier function to the collecting duct. Genetic ablation of claudin-7 in animals results in systemic dehydration owing to the loss of extracellular ions and fluid in the kidney. SummaryThe paracellular pathway in the collecting duct is an important route for transepithelial Cl− reabsorption that determines the extracellular NaCl content and the blood pressure. In the collecting duct cells, claudin-4 and claudin-8 interact to form a paracellular Cl− channel, whereas claudin-7 maintains the transepithelial resistance. Different subsets of the claudin family proteins fulfill diverse aspects of the tight junction function that will be fundamental to understanding the physiology of the paracellular pathway.
Inhibición de la síntesis de neurotransmisor en neuronas dopaminérgicas de los ganglios basales. Localización celular del receptor H3 de histamina

En esta tesis se pretende aportar datos experimentales que ayuden a comprender las interacciones entre el sistema neuronal histaminergico y otros sistemas de neurotransmisores presentes en los ganglios basales, particularmente el dopaminergico. Dicho conocimiento podria ayudar a paliar patologias tales como la adiccion a drogas de abuso, la esquizofrenia o la enfermedad de Parkinson. Al intentar estudiar efectos de ligandos de receptores sobre la sintesis de dopamina nos encontramos ante un posible efecto de retroinhibicion en nuestras preparaciones estriatales ex vivo, que decidimos estudiar en profundidad antes de pleantear futuros estudios farmacologicos. El sistema histaminergico, a traves del receptor H3 de histamina, modula la sintesis y liberacion de otros neurotransmisores como la dopamina (Molina-Hernandez et al. 2000), la serotonina (Schickler et al. 1988), la noradrenalina (Schickler et al. 1989), el glutamato (Molina-Hernandez et al. 2001) y el GABA (Arias-Montano et al. 2001). Sin embargo, aunque es conocida la amplia distribucion de los receptores H3 (Pillot et al. 2002a) y existen pruebas indirectas de su variada localizacion celular (Arias-Montano et al. 2001, Molina-Hernandez 2001, Bacciottini et al. 2002), su presencia en los distintos tipos celulares de los ganglios basales no ha sido directamente estudiada. Para interpretar efectos de ligandos H3 sobre los ganglios basales, en el trabajo de esta tesis nos preguntamos ? en que poblaciones celulares se encuentra el receptor H3? Al modular la actividad de otros sistemas de neurotransmisores y en especial de la dopamina, el H3R puede participar en diversas patologias como el Parkinson, la esquizofrenia o la adiccion a las drogas de abuso, todas ellas acompanadas por una disfuncion del sistema dopaminergico de los ganglios basales. Por ello, y debido a que el imetit (agonista H3R) retrasa el reinicio de la autoadministracion de cocaina (Rosell et al. en preparacion) nos planteamos estudiar si la presencia del H3R en neuronas dopaminergicas se ve alterada en un modelo de patologia adictiva: la autoadministracion de cocaina. Sin embargo, las tecnicas histoquimicas no permiten el estudio en profundidad del mecanismo de accion de los receptores histaminergicos sobre la neurotransmision dopaminergica. Por este motivo, pasamos a estudiar la sintesis de dopamina ex vivo, al ser esta exclusiva de neuronas catecolaminergicas. Resultados de otro miembro del grupo confirmaron la inhibicion por parte del agonista H3 imetit de la velocidad de sintesis de dopamina. A la hora de testar otros farmacos nos encontramos inesperadamente con una disminucion de la sintesis claramente dependiente del tiempo de incubacion que atribuimos a la retroinhibicion de la dopamina sobre la TH. Sabiendo que los estudios mas detallados sobre este tema han sido llevados a cabo in vitro con enzima recombinante, nos preguntamos ? Podemos estudiar como retroinhibe la dopamina a la tirosina hidroxilasa en cerebro incubado ex vivo?
Computing the performance of unitary space-time group codes from their character table

Multiple antennas can greatly increase the data rate and reliability of a wireless communication link in a fading environment. Their success, however, depends on the design of cedes that achieve these promises. It is well known that unitary matrices can be used to design differentially modulated space-time codes. These codes have a particularly efficient description if they form a finite group under matrix multiplication. We show how to compute the parameters of such groups crucial for their use as space-time codes, using only the character table of the group. Since character tables for many groups are known and tabulated, this method could be used to quickly test, for a given group, which of its irreducible representations can be used to design good unitary space-time codes. We demonstrate our method by computing the eigenvalues of all the irreducible representations of the special linear group SL/sub 2/(F/sub q/) over a finite prime field F/sub q/ of odd characteristic, and study in detail the performance of a particular eight-dimensional representation of SL/sub 2/(F/sub 17/).
Do warnings deter rather than produce more sophisticated malingering?

Following Youngjohn, Lees-Haley, and Binder's (1999) comment on Johnson and Lesniak-Karpiak's (1997) study that warnings lead to more subtle malingering, researchers have sought to better understand warning effects. However, such studies have been largely atheoretical and may have confounded warning and coaching. This study examined the effect on malingering of a warning that was based on criminological–sociological concepts derived from the rational choice model of deterrence theory. A total of 78 participants were randomly assigned to a control group, an unwarned simulator group, or one of two warned simulator groups. The warning groups comprised low- and high-level conditions depending on warning intensity. Simulator participants received no coaching about how to fake tests. Outcome variables were scores derived from the Test of Memory Malingering and Wechsler Memory Scale–III. When the rate of malingering was compared across the four groups, a high-level warning effect was found such that warned participants were significantly less likely to exaggerate than unwarned simulators. In an exploratory follow-up analysis, the warned groups were divided into those who reported malingering and those who did not report malingering, and the performance of these groups was compared to that of unwarned simulators and controls. Using this approach, results showed that participants who were deterred from malingering by warning performed no worse than controls. However, on a small number of tests, self-reported malingerers in the low-level warning group appeared less impaired than unwarned simulators. This pattern was not observed in the high-level warning condition. Although cautious interpretation of findings is necessitated by the exploratory nature of some analyses, overall results suggest that using a carefully designed warning may be useful for reducing the rate of malingering. The combination of some noteworthy effect sizes, despite low power and the small size of some groups, suggests that further investigation of the effects of warnings needs to continue to determine their effect more fully.
Does the lens diameter increase or decrease during accommodation? Human accommodation studies: a new technique using infrared retro-illumination video photography and pixel unit measurements.

PURPOSE To describe a new technique for viewing and measuring the lens diameter during accommodation. METHODS The accommodative lens activity, in a young female carrier of ocular albinism, was evaluated using retro-illumination infrared video photography and pixel unit measurements. RESULTS Right and left lens diameter measurements were 498 pu and 501 pu, respectively, during natural accommodation. In pharmacologic non-accommodation (Tropicamide), the average lens diameter was 524 pu (range 518-528) while in accommodation (Pilocarpine), the average lens diameter was 485 pu (range 479-491). CONCLUSIONS Right and left lens measurements were essentially identical. All measurements were reliable, repeatable and extremely accurate. The lens diameter consistently reduced during accommodation and enlarged during non-accommodation. The theories, similar to Tscherning's, which imply that the lens diameter increases in accommodation, are clearly disproven.
Moose selecting for specific nutritional composition of birch places limits on food acceptability

Abstract Despite decades of intense research, it remains largely unsolved which nutritional factors underpin food selection by large herbivores in the wild. We measured nutritional composition of birch foliage (Betula pubescens) available to, and used by, moose (Alces alces) in natural settings in two neighboring regions with contrasting animal body mass. This readily available food source is a staple food item in the diet of moose in the high‐fitness region, but apparently underutilized by moose in the low‐fitness region. Available birch foliage in the two regions had similar concentrations of macronutrients (crude protein [CP], fiber fractions, and water‐soluble carbohydrates [WSC]), although a notably lower variation of WSC in the low‐fitness region. For minerals, there were several area differences: available birch foliage in the low‐fitness region had less Mg (depending on year) and P, but more Ca, Zn, Cu, and Mn. It also had higher concentrations of some plant secondary metabolites: chlorogenic acids, quercetins, and especially MeOH‐soluble condensed tannins. Despite the area differences in available foliage, we found the same nutritional composition of birch foliage used in the two regions. Compared to available birch foliage, moose consistently used birch foliage with more CP, more structural fiber (mainly hemicellulose), less WSC, higher concentrations of several minerals (Ca, Zn, K, Mn, Cu), and lower concentrations of some secondary metabolites (most importantly, MeOH‐soluble condensed tannins). Our study conceptually supports the nutrient‐balancing hypothesis for a large herbivore: within a given temporal frame, moose select for plant material that matches a specific nutritional composition. As our data illustrate, different moose populations may select for the same composition even when the nutritional composition available in a given food source varies between their living areas. Such fastidiousness limits the proportion of available food that is acceptable to the animal and has bearings on our understanding and application of the concept of carrying capacity.
MPTP parkinsonism.

sleepless nights, and the evidence indicates that these drugs would therefore help the restoration of the tissues during sleep.2' At the United States Army Institute for Surgical Research Wilmore and his colleagues, having reviewed the mechanisms and effects of surgical stress, concluded that adequate rest periods for uninterrupted sleep should be provided and the duration of sleep always recorded.22 It remains an obligation on all who work in hospitals to reduce noise, to relieve patients' anxieties, and help them to sleep.
Latency Minimization of Order-Preserving Distributed Event-Based Systems

Nowadays sensors are increasingly deployed in many kinds of applications and deliver streams of data that they continuously collect. This data is significant as it provides important information in real time. However, without a fast processing of this information the sensors only provide a pointless stream of data. Hence, there is a need for automatic processing to extract meaningful information within an acceptable amount of time. This thesis describes techniques that allow a fast analysis of streaming data. Real-time Locating Systems (RTLSs) or Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems provide several thousand position events per second. Eventbased systems (EBSs) meet the high performance requirements and are a powerful technique for a reactive analysis of such data streams. Detection algorithms are divided up into several comparatively small event detectors (EDs), become inherently scalable through distribution, and are easy to maintain because of their reduced software complexity. Such event detectors communicate by messages, i.e., events, over an event processing middleware and are hierarchically linked to detect the final events of interest. Since partial results, i.e., events, are generated at different points in the system they are no longer timely synchronized. However, the algorithms implemented in the event detectors assume a timely ordered event stream as they try to detect interaction patterns. It is never a viable solution to process events out of order. This puts a significant workload to the underlying middleware. A-priori estimations of reordering parameters cannot include runtime information about object and system behavior, and thus the event loads, and must hence be set too conservatively in order to avoid system failures caused by ordering mistakes. But this often results in high detection latencies. This thesis describes how to optimally adapt to variations in the observed environment to minimize detection delays at runtime. We show how outof-order events are transparently reordered with low latency at each node so that event detectors may process them in a correct order. A speculative processing exploits unused system resources and reduces detection latency to a
Cryptosporidium andersoni n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporiidae) from Cattle, Bos taurus

Abstract A new species of Cryptosporidium is described from the feces of domestic cattle, Bos taurus. Oocysts are structurally similar to those of Cryptosporidium muris described from mice but are larger than those of Cryptosporidium parvum. Oocysts of the new species are ellipsoidal, lack sporocysts, and measure 7.4 × 5.5 μm (range, 6.0–8.1 by 5.0–6.5 μm). The length to width ratio is 1.35 (range, 1.07–1.50). The colorless oocyst wall is < 1 μm thick, lacks a micropyle, and possesses a longitudinal suture at one pole. A polar granule is absent, whereas an oocyst residuum is present. Oocysts were passed fully sporulated and are not infectious to outbred, inbred immunocompetent or immunodeficient mice, chickens or goats. Recent molecular analyses of the rDNA 18S and ITS1 regions and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP-70) genes demonstrate this species to be distinct from C. muris infecting rodents. Based on transmission studies and molecular data, we consider the large form of Cryptosporidium infecting the abomasum of cattle to be a new species and have proposed the name Cryptosporidium andersoni n. sp. for this parasite.
Chronic tympanic membrane perforation: a better animal model is needed

Developments in the treatment of chronic tympanic membrane perforation have been hindered by the lack of an ideal animal model. It is not appropriate to test such treatments on acute perforations as the majority of these heal spontaneously. An ideal animal model would be one that most closely resembles the human clinical situation. It should be inexpensive, readily available, and easy to create. There have been a number of attempts to create a chronic tympanic membrane perforation model with limited success. All published attempts at chronic tympanic membrane perforations have been reviewed and the limitations of each model are discussed. A number of areas for research exist for further developing a chronic tympanic membrane perforation model. These areas include a perforation model in the presence of bacteria and eustachian tube dysfunction. Understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms of chronic otitis media and potential treatments will also be useful.
Parental and interpersonal relationships of transsexual and masculine and feminine homosexual men.

A group of transsexual and homosexual men was examined using the Leary Test as a psycho-sociogram, and findings were compared to those from a group of heterosexual men. It was found that the fathers of homosexuals and transsexuals were more hostile and less dominant than the fathers of the control group and hence less desirable identification models. The average mothers of transsexuals were close to the ideal person in our culture, e.g., dominant, strong and kindly, and thus an imposing identification model. Heterosexual men and transsexuals, in their behavior towards their wives, on the average identified with the models set by their fathers. Effeminate homosexuals in relations towards their male partners on the average identified with their mothers. Non-effeminate homosexuals modeled their behavior somewhere between both parents. Heterosexual men tended to choose wives modelled on their mothers and modelled their behavior towards their wives on their fathers' behavior. Non-effeminate homosexuals tended to choose their male partners according to the model set by their mothers and behaved toward them in a more dominant manner than any of the other groups studied (effeminate homosexuals, non-effeminate homosexuals and transsexuals). Effeminate homosexuals on average chose the most dominant male partners and modelled their behavior toward them on that of their mothers. The wives of transsexuals were rated as the most hostile. The self-esteem of all the groups studied suffered from lack of dominance. On the average, non-effeminate homosexuals were found to be closest to the heterosexual norms, transsexuals the furthest.
Voltage - current definition of impedance of single-ridge waveguide

An essential feature of any waveguide is its three classic definitions of impedance. The purpose of this paper is to provide some calculations on the voltage-current definition of impedance in single ridge waveguide using the finite element method. The current paths coincide with either the top and side walls or the ridge and trough walls. The decomposition of the waveguide walls coincides with the positions at which the polarity of the electric field reverses on its interior contour. The power-voltage definition of impedance is also evaluated for completeness.
Regulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway by SHP2*

Gab1-SHP2 association is required for Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by several growth factors. Gab1-SHP2 interaction activates SHP2. However, an activated SHP2 still needs to associate with Gab1 to mediate Erk activation. It was unclear whether SHP2 is required to dephosphorylate a negative phosphorylation site on Gab1 or whether SHP2 needs the Gab1 pleckstrin homology (PH) domain to target it to the plasma membrane. We found that expression of a fusion protein consisting of the Gab1 PH domain and an active SHP2 (Gab1PH-SHP2ΔN) induced constitutive Mek1 and Erk2 activation. Linking the active SHP2ΔN to the PDK1 PH domain or the FRS2β myristoylation sequence also induced Mek1 activation. Mek1 activation by Gab1PH-SHP2ΔN was inhibited by an Src inhibitor and by Csk. Significantly, Gab1PH-SHP2ΔN induced Src activation. Gab1PH-SHP2ΔN expression activated Ras, and the Gab1PH-SHP2ΔN-induced Mek1 activation was blocked by RasN17. These findings suggest that Gab1PH-SHP2ΔN activated a signaling step upstream of Src and Ras. The SHP2 tyrosine phosphatase activity is essential for the function of the fusion protein. Together, these data show that the Gab1 sequence, besides the PH domain and SHP2 binding sites, is dispensable for Erk activation, suggesting that the primary role of Gab1 association with an activated SHP2 is to target it to the membrane.
The cognitive processes related to deceptive responding

The cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying deception were studied using event-related brain potential (ERP) technique. To induce the ecologically valid deception, we applied a simulated cheating task with monetary temptation, in which the participants decided for themselves whether or not to lie for the potential rewards. The execution of the deliberated response was delayed by an imperative signal. The analysis of the imperative-locked ERPs found that the actual deceptive response was accompanied by the greater right frontal dominant N2 and the greater positive slow wave (PSW) than the truthful condition. These results suggested that deceptive responding involves executive processes including conflict monitoring and response inhibition. Moreover, the deception might be associated with processing of increased affective significance of the outcomes or increased cognitive demanding.
Steering mechanism of underwater micro mobile robot

This paper deals with a micro mobile robot in water utilizing a PZT(Pb(Zr,Ti)O/sub 3/) as an actuator. A robot driven by a PZT requires a magnification mechanism and the effects of the resonance to enlarge the displacement of the PZT. In this paper, the authors propose a prototype micro mobile robot which has a new steering mechanism. The robot possesses a pair of legs and each leg has a pair of fins with some angle, which is essential to the improvement of the robot performance. A leg generates force both forward and backward according to frequency because the offset angle between a pair of fins works properly. Therefore, the robot can steer efficiently by combination of both modes. The size of the robot is 32 mm in length and 19 mm in width. This robot has many possible applications, such as small pipelines inspection and use in biomedical fields.
Fuzzy Availability Computation of Semi-Markovian Mechatronic System Using Hybrid Approach

This paper presents availability computation procedure of a semi-Markovian mechatronic system under the uncertainties that involve randomness as well as fuzziness. Conversion of semi-Markov to Markov model is stated first and hybrid approach is then used for fuzzy availability computation. Sometimes statistical data is available about failure and repair rates, but in cases where such data is scarce or not available, one has to rely on subjective information or judgment provided by the expert. As a result, the problem in which some data is probabilistic and some is of fuzzy nature is resolved in this paper using the hybrid approach. © 2011 World Academic Press, UK. All rights reserved.