Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the leaf oil of Cupressus lusitanica from Monteverde, Costa Rica

The essential oils from the leaves of three different individuals of Cupressus lusitanica were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. A total of 49 compounds were identified in the leaf oils. The major components of C. lusitanica leaf oil were α-pinene (40%-82%), limonene (4%-18%), isobornyl acetate (up to 10%) and cis-muurola-4(14),5-diene (up to 7%). The essential oil was screened for antimicrobial activity, and it showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger.
Effects of additives on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality of hens fed a high level of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) during the peak laying period

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplemental methionine, lysine, choline, and sulfur on laying performance, metabolic parameters, and egg quality of hens fed diets containing sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) during the peak laying period. Lohman layers (n = 144), 30-wk of age as 6 replicate cages of 4 hens, were allocated randomly to receive basal diets containing either 22% corn (B) or 22% sorghum (BS) and diets BS plus 0.57% methionine, 0.66% lysine, 0.47% choline, or 0.05% sulfur for 98 d. Feed intake (FI) and egg production (EP) were recorded daily, egg weight (EW) was measured bi-weekly, and body weight (BW) was measured monthly. A sample of 12 eggs from each experimental group was collected every month to evaluate egg quality. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for metabolite concentrations. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA as repeated measures and significant differences between the experimental groups were assessed using Duncan's Multiple Range test. Partial replacement of corn with sorghum in the basal diet did not affect BW, EP, and FCR but increased FI by 5.7% and EW by 2.4%. The effects of additives on laying performance were variable. Except for serum total protein (STP) concentration, other metabolic parameters were not affected by partial replacement of corn with sorghum in the basal diet. Hens fed diet BS had lower SPT concentration than hens fed diet B. Except for methionine supplementation, other supplements ameliorated depression in STP concentration. The additives did not affect other metabolic parameters. Egg quality responses to the experimental diets were also variable. Partial replacement of corn with sorghum in the basal diet did not affect eggshell characteristics (both thickness and stiffness), whereas it had variable effects on inner egg quality parameters (increased yolk index, depressed yolk color, and unaltered albumen index and Haugh unit). In conclusion, laying hen diets could include low-tannin sorghum (0.26%) up to 22% without necessitating extra supplements to overcome compromised performance.
Dental patients' self-reports of xerostomia and associated risk factors.

BACKGROUND Most studies regarding xerostomia focus on elderly people. Therefore, the authors conducted a study of dental patients 18 years or older to determine the prevalence of self-reported xerostomia and associated risk factors. METHODS The authors sent a total of 2,200 questionnaires to four dental clinics to assess patients' self-reported xerostomia. They also collected sociodemographic data and information regarding personal behavior. They used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) to explore the relationship between self-reported xerostomia and risk factors that reasonably might be expected to be associated with self-reported xerostomia. RESULTS The overall prevalence of xerostomia in participants was 7 percent. Participants with burning-mouth sensations were associated with having higher odds of experiencing dry mouth (OR, 2.1; 95 percent CI, 0.9-5.2). Participants 51 years or older were significantly more likely to report having dry mouth than were younger participants (P < .04). The prevalence of self-reported xerostomia increased with increasing numbers of medications patients reported using. CONCLUSION The authors found that medication use and age were highly significant risk factors for dental patients reporting xerostomia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinicians should interview their patients carefully regarding their use of medications and provide proper oral health care to improve xerostomia resulting from medication use.
Changes in toxins, intracellular and dissolved free amino acids of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum in response to changes in inorganic nutrients and salinity

Abrtrad. The paralytic shellfish poison producing dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum was sub- jected to changes in salinity, phosphate, ammonium and nitrate using continuous culture and batch culture methods. In contrast with other algae, this species showed very slow changes in the concen- tration of intracellular amino acids, in the GIn:Glu ratio, and, in contrast with Alexandrium spp. , only slow changes in toxin content, during such events as N-feeding of N-deprived cells or during nutrient deprivation. This organism was found to be very susceptible to disturbance; maximum growth rates, around 0.25-0.3 day 1 with a minimum C:N mass ratio of 5.5, were attained when cultures were only disturbed by sampling once a day. P-deprived cells were larger (twice the usual C content of 4 ng C cell" 1 and volume of 20 pi). The content of free amino acids was always low (5% of cell-N), with low contributions made by arginine (the precursor for paralytic shellfish toxins). Cells growing using ammonium had the lowest C:N ratios and the highest proportion of intracellular amino acids as argi- nine. The toxin profile (equal mole ratios of dcSTX, GTX 5 , dcGTX M Q and C 2 , and half those values for C 3 and C<) was stable and the toxin concentration varied between 0.2 and 1 mM STX equivalents (highest when ammonium was not limiting, lowest in P-deprived cells, though as the latter were larger toxin per cell was not so variable). Decreased salinity did not result in increases in toxin content. Sig- nificant amounts of amino acids (mainly serine and glycine, with a total often exceeding 4 (JLM) accumulated in the growth medium during batch growth even though the cultures were not bacteria free.
Impact of definitions on the description and prediction of bulimia nervosa outcome.

OBJECTIVE The authors sought to compare definitions of eating disorder outcome found in the bulimia nervosa literature and to determine the impact of definitions on the description and prediction of outcome. METHOD Definitions of outcome were identified from studies involving a follow-up duration of at least 5 years. Definitions were applied to a sample of women (N = 173) assessed more than 10 years following presentation with bulimia nervosa. RESULTS Across definitions, the percentage of women considered fully recovered ranged from 38% to 47% in the follow-up sample. Associations between eating disorder outcome and other measures of outcome were relatively unaffected by differences in definitions. Conversely, the significance of various prognostic variables differed substantially among definitions. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that differences in definitions influence the description and prediction of eating disorder outcome significantly. Consistency in defining recovery is needed in order to explore other areas of outcome such as relapse.
Decade of ‘Normal’ Mammography

Interest in breast density reporting legislation has accelerated in the past several years, driven primarily by patients turned advocates under the mentorship and leadership of Are You Dense, Inc, and Are You Dense Advocacy, Inc. The history of the density reporting movement and the birth of education and advocacy nonprofits are described, along with how legislative efforts began. The decades of scientific research on dense tissue’s masking effect and its being established as an independent risk factor for breast cancer are summarized. Finally, the opposition’s arguments against density reporting legislation are addressed.
Cyclin D 1-induced proliferation is independent of beta-catenin in Head and Neck Cancer

Department of Oral Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; * Current address: Protease and Tissue Remodelling Section and Clinical Research Core, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Control of basement membrane remodeling and epithelial branching morphogenesis in embryonic lung by Rho and cytoskeletal tension

Local alterations in the mechanical compliance of the basement membrane that alter the level of isometric tension in the cell have been postulated to influence tissue morphogenesis. To explore whether cell tension contributes to tissue pattern formation in vivo, we modulated cytoskeletal force generation in embryonic mouse lung (embryonic days 12–14) rudiments using inhibitors of Rho‐associated kinase (ROCK), myosin light chain kinase, myosin ATPase, and microfilament integrity, or a Rho stimulator (cytotoxic necrotizing factor‐1). Tension inhibition resulted in loss of normal differentials in basement membrane thickness, inhibition of new terminal bud formation, and disorganization of epithelial growth patterns as well as disruption of capillary blood vessels. In contrast, increasing cell tension through Rho activation, as confirmed by quantitation of myosin light chain phosphorylation and immunohistocytochemical analysis of actin organization, accelerated lung branching and increase capillary elongation. These data suggest that changes in cytoskeletal tension mediated by Rho signaling through ROCK may play an important role in the establishment of the spatial differentials in cell growth and extracellular matrix remodeling that drive embryonic lung development. Developmental Dynamics 232:268–281, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The surface properties of cancer cells: a review.

In recent years attention has been increasingly turning to the cell surface as the seat of an impor tant part of the malignant transformation. This widening of the field of interest of cancer workers owes its beginning largely to the work of Coman (34). Coman was concerned with how invasion and metastasis occur, and this crucial aspect of the cancer problemâ€”crucial in the sense that it con cerns the difference between benign and malignant growth-â€”must still be the main preoccupation of a review on the cell surface in relation to cancer. Other aspects may, however, be linked together in a speculative way, and to these we will refer brief ly. The review is divided into two main sections: (a) a discussion of the biological evidence for the existence of surface peculiarities of malignant cells (M.A. has been responsible for this section) ; (6) a discussion of the physical evidence as to what the surface peculiarities may be (E.J.A. has been re sponsible for this section).
Management Head and Neck Ewing's Sarcoma Family of Tumors: Experience of the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University.

BACKGROUND Ewing's sarcoma accounts for 4-6% of primary malignant bone tumors and it affects the head and neck in only 1-4% of cases. The purpose of this study was to review the NCI experience with Ewing's sarcoma of the head and neck in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of patient files with head and neck Ewing's sarcoma treated at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt, during the period from 1997 to 2008 was done. Files were reviewed and data for patients, tumor and treatment profile were extracted. RESULTS Twenty patients out of 280 with Ewing's sarcoma were identified during an 11-year period. Patients had a median age of 11.5 years (range 5 months - 22 years) with a male to female ratio of 1:1. The most common tumor site was in the mandible (9/20, 45%) followed by a neck mass (4/20, 20%) and a clavicular mass (3/20, 15%). Six patients (30%) were metastatic at presentation. Most of the patients (19/20, 95%) received chemotherapy. Local therapy was in the form of radical radiotherapy for 8 patients (40%), 2 patients (10%) had surgery alone, while five patients (25%) had surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy. Overall survival ranged from 1 to 128 months, with a median of 36 months. At the end of the study, 9 patients (45%) were alive in CR, 6 (30%) were lost to FU in disease progression, while 5 patients died from disease progression. CONCLUSION Ewing's sarcoma of the head and neck is a disease of a rare incidence with debate about the optimum local therapy. Small non-metastatic tumors with good response to chemotherapy have abetter outcome. KEY WORDS Ewing's sarcoma - Head and neck - Management.
Clinical Analysis of 40 Cases of childhood‐Onset Behçet's Disease

Abstract: Behçet's disease is a chronic, relapsing, idiopathic, multisystem condition characterized by mucocutaneous, ocular, gastrointestinal, articular, vascular, urogenital, and neurologic involvement. Usually the onset occurs between 20 and 30 years of age; it is very uncommon in children. We analyzed 40cases of childhood‐onset Behçet's disease. The male: female ratio was 0·67 the most frequent major sign was oral ulceration, appearing inall patients. Other major sings were genital ulcers (33 patients) skin lesions (29), and ocular lesions (11). the average time interval between the initial oral ulceration and the second major manifestation, the third and fourth features rapidly developed within one to two years. The most frequent minor sign was arthritis, occurring in 11of 40 patients. Intestinal, neurologic, and renal involvement was also present. From our results, we concluded that oral ulceration, which is the most common initia manifestation, should not be neglected in children, since it may signal Behçet's disease.
Therapeutic Strategies to Combat Pneumococcal Disease: Repeated Failure of Physicians to Adopt Pneumococcal Vaccine, 1900-1945

In recent months, American physicians have witnessed another round in the debate, now in its seventh decade, over whether physicians should immunize their patients against the pneumococcus [1, 2]. Doubts about the vaccine's efficacy, which populations require immunization, possible harmful effects, and whether immunization is the proper method of eliminating pneumococcal disease continue to prompt discussion. Robert Austrian has led the battle for acceptance in this most recent (1978) introduction of pneumococcal vaccine [3—6], and he has focused historical attention on the several past attempts to introduce pneumococcal vaccine into practice [7-11]. What has not been so clearly presented is that physicians debated and rejected accepting pneumococcal vaccine each time it was proposed. It is the purpose of this paper to analyze this debate and rejection from the late nineteenth century to the end of World War II.
Copper Chaperone Antioxidant Protein1 Is Essential for Copper Homeostasis1[W][OA]

Copper (Cu) is essential for plant growth but toxic in excess. Specific molecular mechanisms maintain Cu homeostasis to facilitate its use and avoid the toxicity. Cu chaperones, proteins containing a Cu-binding domain(s), are thought to assist Cu intracellular homeostasis by their Cu-chelating ability. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), two Cu chaperones, Antioxidant Protein1 (ATX1) and ATX1-Like Copper Chaperone (CCH), share high sequence homology. Previously, their Cu-binding capabilities were demonstrated and interacting molecules were identified. To understand the physiological functions of these two chaperones, we characterized the phenotype of atx1 and cch mutants and the cchatx1 double mutant in Arabidopsis. The shoot and root growth of atx1 and cchatx1 but not cch was specifically hypersensitive to excess Cu but not excess iron, zinc, or cadmium. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in atx1 and cchatx1 were markedly regulated in response to excess Cu, which confirms the phenotype of Cu hypersensitivity. Interestingly, atx1 and cchatx1 were sensitive to Cu deficiency. Overexpression of ATX1 not only enhanced Cu tolerance and accumulation in excess Cu conditions but also tolerance to Cu deficiency. In addition, the Cu-binding motif MXCXXC of ATX1 was required for these physiological functions. ATX1 was previously proposed to be involved in Cu homeostasis by its Cu-binding activity and interaction with the Cu transporter Heavy metal-transporting P-type ATPase5. In this study, we demonstrate that ATX1 plays an essential role in Cu homeostasis in conferring tolerance to excess Cu and Cu deficiency. The possible mechanism is discussed.
Optimum Board Size for Indonesian Public Companies

This research aims to investigate variables affecting board size in public companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) and optimum board size which maximizes firm’s value measured by Price to Earnings Ratio (PER), Price to Book Value (PBV), and Tobin’s Q. Using 4,379 observations from 2007 to 2015 of IDX data, this research finds that liquidity, solvability, activity, and profitability affect board size significantly in quadratic form. In addition, it is suggested that the optimum board size for small companies is four directors while the size for big companies is six to seven directors.
Understanding the Association Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Current Anxiety: A Population-Based Study

Abstract This study's objectives were to investigate the independent relationship between COPD and past-year Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in a population-based sample of adult Canadians and to identify significant correlates of GAD among COPD patients. A series of logistic regression analyses were conducted with a sample of 11,163 respondents aged 50+ from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health to determine the degree to which the direct association between COPD and GAD was attenuated by socio-demographic factors, social support, health behaviors, sleep problems, pain, functional limitations, and early childhood adversities. Additional analyses were completed using the sub-sample of those diagnosed with COPD (n = 746) to determine predictors of GAD. One in 17 (5.8%) of older individuals with COPD had past-year GAD, in comparison to 1.7% of those without (p < .001). The age-sex-race adjusted odds of GAD were four times higher for those with COPD compared to those without COPD (OR = 3.90, 95%CI: 2.64, 5.77). After full adjustment for 18 characteristics, these odds declined to 1.72 (95%CI: 1.10, 2.71). Factors associated with GAD among those with COPD include not having a confidant (OR = 7.85, 95%CI: 3.47, 17.75), exposure to parental domestic violence (OR = 5.63, 95% CI: 2.07, 15.34) and lifetime depressive disorders (OR = 3.59, 95% CI:1.61,7.98). Those with COPD have substantially higher odds of GAD even after most known risk factors for GAD are accounted for. These findings have implications for targeted outreach and screening, particularly for patients with pain and functional limitations. The importance of a multidisciplinary healthcare team is underscored by the multiple issues that may impact GAD among COPD patients.
Little Evidence for Early Programming of Weight and Insulin Resistance for Contemporary Children: EarlyBird Diabetes Study Report 19

OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether adaptive responses made to the uterine or very early infant environment are affecting the current metabolic health of young children in the United Kingdom. METHODS. Participants were 300 healthy children and their parents from the EarlyBird Diabetes Study cohort. Children were recruited from randomly selected schools at 5 years of age. Retrospective measures were maternal prepregnancy weight (n = 230), maternal fasting glucose levels at 28 weeks of pregnancy (n = 27), birth weight, and infant weight at ages 3 and 6 weeks. Prospective measures were insulin resistance, height, weight, and percentage of body fat (sum of 5 skinfold measurements) at ages 5, 6, 7, and 8 years. RESULTS. Maternal third-trimester fasting glucose levels were associated positively with birth weight but were not associated with either weight or insulin resistance for the same children at 8 years. Birth weight was unrelated to insulin resistance at 8 years. There were no relationships between weight change in the first weeks of life and weight, percentage of fat, or insulin resistance at 8 years. Longer breastfeeding correlated inversely, although weakly, with percentage of body fat for boys only. Current weight was correlated with insulin resistance at 8 years. CONCLUSIONS. For these contemporary children, neither the gestational environment nor early postnatal growth predicted insulin resistance, which was best predicted by current weight. There was no evidence that predictive adaptive responses made by the fetus or infant affected the child's weight or insulin resistance later in childhood.
The Interplay of Innovation, Institutions, and Internationalization in the Context of Emerging Markets

This dissertation contributes to international business research on the interplay of innovation, institutions, and internationalization in the context of emerging markets. Essay 1 examines how internationalization via cross-border acquisitions (CBAs) enhances the subsequent innovation of emerging market multinationals (EMNEs) in their home countries. I also found that such innovation-enhancing effect of CBAs is contingent upon home market characteristics and acquisition relatedness. Essay 2 focuses on the relationship between the dark side of informal institutions and foreign MNEs’ strategies in emerging markets. I identify the illegal informal institutions as crime, corruption, and informality, which impede foreign MNEs’ local commitment. Also, such detrimental effect varies depending on formal institutions and an MNE’s local dependence. Essay 3 develops a new learning mechanism that improves the CBA outcomes of EMNEs. I argue that EMNEs who lack experiential learning can learn from foreign MNEs’ inbound CBAs, thus increasing the completion likelihood of their outbound CBAs. The benefits of vicarious learning will be strengthened if industry relatedness is high or institutional distance is low.