Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and blood characteristics of growing pigs fed on different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal

To determine the effects of inclusion, at different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) in growing pig diets on pig’s daily feed intakes (DFI), growth performance, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), haematology and plasma lipid indices, a total 24 pigs aged 2.5 months old were selected and assigned to 4 treatment diets (T) containing: 0% (T1), 3% (T2), 6% (T3) and 12% (T4) MOLM concentrations, each with 2 replications of 3 pigs. The DFI and weekly pig weights were monitored for 7 weeks, after which 2 sets of blood samples were drawn from 2 pigs per replication for haematology and serum lipid determination. The DFI for the T4 (3.16 kg) was significantly higher than T1 (2.90 kg), T2 (2.61 kg) and T3 (2.54 kg). Pigs in T2 had significantly higher daily weight gains (0.836 kg) compared to T1 (0.807 kg), T3 (0.810 kg) and T4 (0.810 kg) groups. Furthermore, pigs in T2 and T3 had significantly higher FCE (31.57 and 31.23% respectively) compared to T4 (28.05%) and T1 (30.31%). Inclusion of MOLM in the diet significantly increased haemoglobin concentration only to the level of T3 (14.70 g/dL) after which there was a reduction in T4 (12.70 g/dL). Higher mean corpuscular volume was also observed for T1 (60.0 fL) compared to T3 (52.30 fL). MOLM diet also improved the white blood cell counts; 16.70×109/L in T2 compared to 14.50×109/L from T1. Total cholesterol in T2 (2.80 mg/mL) were significantly reduced compared to T1 (3.90 mg/mL). This implies, MOLM at lower levels (<6%) in the diet improves haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell counts and exhibits hypocholesterolemic effects, thereby improving growth performance of the animals. Key words: Growth, haematology, Moringa oleifera, total cell count, total cholesterol, pigs
Apoptotic Effect of Combination of Epalrestat and Palmitic Acid in Cholangiocarcinoma RBE Cells

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) classifies as a very deadly disease due to its detrimental effects, late diagnosis, and limited therapeutic options. AKR1B10, cloned from liver cancer, influences cell survival; the usage of epalrestat (EPS) to inhibit this gene results in the apoptosis of carcinoma cells, and utilizing palmitic acid (PA) partly reduces AKR1B10 silence-induced apoptosis. This investigation observed the combined effect of EPS and PA on the apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma RBE cell. Our data showed that EPS treatment resulted in RBE cell growth inhibition by a concentration dependent and time independent manner. Strangely, the rescue effect of PA in EPSinduced RBE cell did not occur, and combining PA with EPS caused a synergistic effect in RBE cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in which hindering AKR1B10 activity, the loss of MMP, and the production of ROS might be involved; however, this experiment does not answer the questions of how EPS and PA affect AKR1B10 activity, MMP loss and ROS production, and the correlation between AKR1B10 inhibition and MMP loss and ROS production. This investigation concludes that administering EPS and an optimal concentration of PA in the blood by monitoring the amount of PA in the diet is a potential strategy to treat CCA patients.
Spatiotemporal correlations of aftershock sequences

[1] Aftershock sequences are of particular interest in seismic research because they may condition seismic activity in a given region over long time spans. Although they are typically identified with periods of enhanced seismic activity after a large earthquake as characterized by the Omori law, our knowledge of the spatiotemporal correlations between events in an aftershock sequence is limited. Here, we study the spatiotemporal correlations of two aftershock sequences form California (Parkfield and Hector Mine) using the recently introduced concept of “recurrent” events. We find that both sequences have very similar properties and that most of them are captured by the space-time epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model if one takes into account catalog incompleteness. However, the stochastic ETAS model does not capture those spatiotemporal correlations that give rise to the observed distribution of recurrent events on small spatial scales. We also find that there is no clear evidence for stress shadows that have been observed for smaller earthquakes.
Ferroelectricity in Amphiphilic Monolayers

Ferroelectricity in Amphiphilic Monolayers by Jacob D. Eccles Submitted to the Department of Physics and Astronomy on April 27, 2007, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Chemical Physics Here we report Langmuir isotherms for various glycolipids and the application of laser optical techniques to characterize compression, molecular tilt, polarization, and ferroelectricity in amphiphilic monolayers. In order to observe those phenomena dependent upon molecular orientation on a macroscopic scale, mono layers were sheared through narrow gaps and subjected to strong electric fields. Furthermore, lasers were aligned at Brewster's angle to increase sensitivity. We find, unfortunately, that either the employed external alignment mechanisms are too weak or that the measurement techniques lack sufficient sensitivity to observe the orientational phenomena under study, and we are unable to definitively interpret our data. We do, however, demonstrate the facility of the laser technique in measuring monolayer density and its correspondence with surface pressure. Thesis Supervisor: Peter J. Collings Title: Professor of Physics
What We Know About “Attachment Disorders” in Childhood

a нарушувања: реактивно на- рушување на приврзувањето, што се каракте- ризира со значително воздржано и емоционал- но повлечено однесување кон возрасните ста- ратели, минимално барање поддршка или ми- нимално реагирање на поддршката во време на вознемиреност, и невоздржано нарушување на социјалното вклучување што е претставено со неселективно социјално однесување кое не е во рамките на конвенционалната култура и ги поминува социјалните граници во присус- тво на непознати возрасни лица. И двете нару- шувања, без оглед на нивните различни фено- типи, се предизвикани од патогената средина на растење, повторливи промени на облиците за приврзување, социјално запоставување и лишување во првите години од животот. Оваа студија ги испитува современите дијаг- ностички критериуми наведени во литература- та што ги споредува дијагностичките класифи- кации и се обидува да ја разбере етиологијата на нарушувањето. Постојат нерешени праша- ња во современата носологија, што значи дека квалитетот на доказите што ги подржуваат ди- јагностичките критериуми треба да се подоб- ри. Овој труд заклучува дека, и покрај достап- ните современи дијагностички класификации, Current nosology describes reactive attachm- ent disorder as represented by two distinct disorders: reactive attachment disorder, characterized by markedly inhibited and emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, minimally seeking comfort or minimally responding to comfort in time of distress, and disinhibited social engagement disorder, which is represented by an indiscriminate social behavior, sanctioned from culture and which crosses social boundaries, in the presence of unfamiliar adults. Both disorders, despite their different phenotypes, are caused by a pathogenic caregiving environment, repeated changes of attachment figures, social neglect and deprivation in the first years of life. The article examines recent diagnostic criteria reported in the literature comparing diag- nostic classifications and attempting to understand the etiology of the disorder. Unresolved questions exist in current nosology, which means that the quality of the evidence supporting the diagnostic criteria needs to be improved. This review concludes that, despite the currently available diagnostic classifications, future longitudinal studies
Income Inequality, Fertility, Human Capital Accumulation and Economic Growth in Mexico

This research analyses the relationship between the levels of inequality and the growth rate of the Mexican states using as theoretical reference the Inequality-Human capital theory proposed by De la Croix and Doepke (2003) which links negatively inequality to growth via its effects on the differentials in fertility rates and on human capital accumulation which affect the growth rate of a country on the long run. The findings are that the Mexican case fits exactly to the predictions. The poorest states are the ones with the higher fertility levels, the lower education levels and the ones in which the newborns mothers have the lower education level. It was also found that the richer states are the ones who absorb the effects of external economic shocks. The results infer that redistributive policies are not as important as providing equal and universal access to education in order to boost long term growth.
Structural elements of CeO2(111) surfaces

The atomic structure of the CeO2(111) surface in different states of cleanliness and reduction is studied in an ultra-high vacuum with high resolution dynamic scanning force microscopy operated in the non-contact mode (nc-AFM) and its structural elements are described by their characteristic contrast patterns. From a synopsis of results we develop a self-consistent interpretation of contrast features that is cross-checked by a systematic variation of experimental conditions and a comparison to previously obtained results. The most common deviations from the regular structure of the stoichiometric surface are surface oxygen vacancies, water adsorbed on top of cerium ions and hydroxide substituting surface oxygen. All of the species are found as single defects as well as in the form of structures composed of several similar defects. We find that water readily adsorbs on the surface and forms hydroxide if oxygen vacancies are present, while both the clean and defective surfaces are rather inert against exposure to molecular oxygen.
Amount and Distribution of Dry Matter, Nit- rogen, and Organic Carbon in Soil-Plant Systems of Mesquite and Palo Verde

Over a 3-year period, soil-plant systems of velvet mesquite and palo verde from the Sonoran Desert were sampled by standing crop, litter, and soil components and analyzed to describe the amount and distribution of dry matter, nitrogen, and carbon in the systems. Honey mesquite was sampled on a limited basis in southern New Mexico. Velvet mesquite averaged about one-third larger in crown area and weight than palo verde, but the two shrubs were similar in the distribution of dry matter, N, and C. Honey mesquite was much smaller and differed in distribution of dry matter, N, and C. Regression analysis showed that dry matter, N, and C in components of shrub systems of velvet mesquite and palo verde varied in a predictable manner and can be estimated with good precision using height, average crown diameter, or crown area of shrubs as the independent variable. Functional analysis showed that soil under palo verde did not accumulate N or C with increase in shrub size, whereas that under velvet mesquite accumulated N at the rate of 11.2 g/m2 per meter of height and C at the rate of 0.11 kg/M2 per meter of height. Shrubs dominate the vegetation on over 200 million hectares of land in the conterminous United States, mostly in the Southwest and the Intermountain Basin. Many authorities consider shrubs the climax vegetation on about one-half this area, while on the remaining 100 million hectares shrubs now dominate where grasses were once the climax dominants. Man has been using shrublands since prehistoric times, but until recently little management has been applied. When used, management usually has been directed at eliminating shrubs. Because shrubs play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems, we should understand their ecological role. This is especially important in arid areas where shrubs are an important component of the vegetation. This paper reports on a study to determine how dry matter, nitrogen, and carbon were accumulated and distributed in soil-plant systems of two desert shrubs: velvet mesquite (Prosopisjuliflora) and palo verde (Cerdicium floridum). Limited data on honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora var. glandulosa) are included as an adjunct to the main study.
Variation in phosphorus accumulation in groundnut cultivars as influenced by water salinity

Soil salinity remains an obvious abiotic stress that changes the behavior of nutrient accumulation in crop plants. Phosphorus being a key element in determining crop growth and economic yield, its uptake in plant parts varies under saline condition. Hence an experiment was conducted to assess the changing phosphorus content in eight groundnut cultivars, were grown in a field trial having in-built soil salinity developed with 0.5, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 dS m-1 of saline irrigations (ECiw). Root-P was observed to have an increasing trend of accumulation upto 6.0 ECiw while leaf-P increased upto 4.0 ECiw with a concomitant rise in soil P. The cultivars TG 37A and GG 7 accumulated more leaf-P and root-P. However, across the cultivars the P-uptake was reduced when the applied ECiw was 6.0 dS m-1. Further, these plant-P parameters correlated with the yield and yield attributes of groundnut crop.
The shape of vortices in quasi-geostrophic turbulence

The present work discusses the most commonly occurring shape of the coherent vortical structures in rapidly rotating stably stratified turbulence, under the quasi-geostrophic approximation. In decaying turbulence, these vortices – coherent regions of the materially-invariant potential vorticity – dominate the flow evolution, and indeed the flow evolution is governed by their interactions. An analysis of several exceptionally high-resolution simulations of quasi-geostrophic turbulence is performed. The results indicate that the population of vortices exhibits a mean height-to-width aspect ratio less than unity, in fact close to 0.8. This finding is justified here by a simple model, in which vortices are taken to be ellipsoids of uniform potential vorticity. The model focuses on steady ellipsoids within a uniform background strain flow. This background flow approximates the effects of surrounding vortices in a turbulent flow on a given vortex. It is argued that the vortices which are able to withstand the highest levels of strain are those most likely to be found in the actual turbulent flow. Our calculations confirm that the optimal height-to-width aspect ratio is close to 0.8 for a wide range of background straining flows.
Affect and Successful Performance : A Study on the Tower of Hanoi and Nine-dot

A study was conducted to investigate the relation between positive affect, feeling, task interest and performance. The participants of the study were 109 post secondary students from the business school in Singapore. The age range was between 17 and 20 years old (M = 18.13, SD = .70). The students of the study solved two problems, the Tower of Hanoi task (paper and pen format, well-defined task) and nine dot problem (insight task). Before problem solving, the participants rated their mood using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS, Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) and pleasantness rating of unfamiliar words (Isen, Daubman, & Nowicki, 1987). After the tasks, they rated the PANAS and task interest. The findings supported the hypotheses that there is a positive relation between positive affect and successful task completion (Fredrickson, 1998), between task interest and successful performance (Amabile, 1983). The findings suggest a change in negative affect (lower than the initial state) as an indicator of the presence of successful performance, particularly in solving a well-defined task (Schwarz, 1990). The study expands the paradigm of inclusion of emotions in regulating performance, including positive and negative affect, task interest and general feeling.
Effects of smoking and hemoglobin values on femoral bone marrow resonance signal intensity

Effects of smoking and hemoglobin values on femoral bone marrow resonance signal intensity Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the correlation of residual-reconverted red bone marrow areas of distal femoral metaphysis with the age, gender, weight and hemoglobin (hgb) values and smoking. Material and Methods: 150 non smoking and 62 smoking patients were included in the study. The residual red bone marrow areas in the distal femoral metaphysis in MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) images were examined by two radiologists. The size of the residual red bone marrow area and the age, gender, weight and hemoglobin values of the patients were compared by using the Oneway Anova Test, Tukey HSD Test, Fisher’s Exact Test and Pearson Chi-Square Test. Results: In our study, residual red marrow areas were detected higher in smoking male and female patients when compared to non-smoking patients (p=0.004; p<0.01), (p=0.026; p<0.05). Residual red marrow areas were more common in female patients when compared to male patients (p=0.004; p<0.01). We haven’t seen significant effect of weight, hemoglobin values and age on these areas (p>0.05). Conclusion: We have determined correlation between reconverted-residual red marrow areas, female sex and smoking behavior. In the correlation existing group; we are not in favor of mentioning these areas on MRI reports of the knee. But they should be phrased in reports considering the probability of malignancy if they are hypointense compared to adjacent muscle groups on T1-weighted sequences; if they are extensive involved in bone tissue; if they show epiphyseal extension or if there is accompanying soft tissue mass.
Density structure and isostasy of the lithosphere in Egypt and their relation to seismicity

Abstract. A joint analysis of the new satellite–terrestrial gravity field model with recent data on the crustal structure and seismic tomography was conducted to create an integrative model of the crust and upper mantle and to investigate the relation of the density structure and the isostatic state of the lithosphere to the seismicity of Egypt. We identified the distinct fragmentation of the lithosphere of Egypt in several blocks. This division is closely related to the seismicity patterns in this region. The relatively dense and strong lithosphere in the Nile Delta limits the seismic activity within this area, while earthquakes are mainly associated with the boundaries of this block. In the same way, the relatively strong lithosphere in the Isthmus of Suez and northern Mediterranean prevents the Gulf of Suez from opening further. The central part of Egypt is generally characterized by an increased density of the mantle, which extends to the Mediterranean at a depth of 100 km. This anomaly deepens southward to Gilf Kebir and eastward to the Eastern Desert. The average density of the crystalline crust is generally reduced in this zone, indicating the increased thickness of the upper crust. The low-density anomaly under the northern Red Sea is limited to 100–125 km, confirming the passive origin of the extension. Most of the earthquakes occur in the crust and uppermost mantle in this structure due to the hot and weak upper mantle underneath. Furthermore, an asymmetric lithosphere structure is observed across the northern Red Sea. The isostatic anomalies show the fragmentation of the crust of Sinai with the high-density central block. Strong variations in the isostatic anomalies are correlated with the high level of seismicity around Sinai. This tendency is also evident in the northern Red Sea, east of the Nile Valley, and in parts of the Western Desert.
An analysis of the corporate governance practices of smaller listed Australian companies

We examine the corporate governance environment of smaller listed Australian firms to investigate the factors that determine how firms respond to recommendations contained in corporate governance codes. We group corporate governance recommendations into three distinct categories and argue that differences in adoption costs between categories, together with firm specific factors, determine a firm’s decision to conform with the recommendation or to explain the reasons for non-conformance. Analysis of the conformance by smaller firms with governance recommendations highlights substantial differences in adoption rates between categories of recommendations. Our results also reveal that the cost of adopting specific recommendations, together with profitability, external audit quality, and ownership dispersion, jointly explain a firm’s decision to ‘comply or explain’. This study provides insights for policy makers and regulators regarding the appropriateness of corporate governance recommendations for smaller firms
Elasticity of substitution between capital and labor: a panel data approach

This paper estimates the elasticity of substitution of an aggregate production function. The estimating equation is derived from the steady state of a neoclassical growth model. The data comes from the PWT in which different countries face different relative prices of the investment good and exhibit different investment-output ratios. Then, using this variation we estimate the elasticity of substitution. We use dynamic panel data techniques, which allow us to distinguish between the short and the long run elasticity and handle a host of econometric and substantive issues. In particular we accommodate the possibility that different countries have different total factor productivities and other country specific effects and that such effects are correlated with the regressors. We also accommodate the possibility that the regressors are correlated with the error terms and that shocks to regressors are manifested in future periods. Taking all this into account our estimation results suggest that the long run elasticity of substitution is 0.7, which is lower than the elasticity, 1, that is traditionally used in macro-development exercises. We show that this lower elasticity reinforces the power of the neoclassical model to explain income differences across countries as coming from differential distortions. JEL Classification numbers: D24, D33, E25, O11, O47, O49
Analysis of PVC Pipe-Wall Viscoelasticity during Water Hammer

This research work focuses on the analysis of hydraulic transients in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, which are characterized by a viscoelastic rheological behavior. Transient pressure data were collected in a pipe rig consisting of a set of PVC pipes. The creep function of the PVC pipes was determined by using an inverse transient model based on collected transient pressure data and compared with that obtained by carrying out mechanical tensile tests of PVC pipe specimens. The numerical results obtained from the transient solver have shown that the attenuation, dispersion, and shape of transient pressures were well described. The incorporation of the viscoelastic mechanical behavior in the hydraulic transient model has provided an excellent fitting between numerical results and observed data. Calibrated creep function based on inverse analysis fit the one determined by mechanical tests well, which emphasized the importance of pipe-wall viscoelasticity in hydraulic transients in PVC pipes.