Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leadership behaviour of nurse managers in relation to job satisfaction and work climate.

AIM This study examines how nurse managers' leadership behaviour relates to job satisfaction and a creative work climate. BACKGROUND The nursing shortage is a challenge for managers all over the world. Leadership is a core element of management and it is important to elucidate leadership behaviour in order to increase knowledge about attracting and retaining talented staff. METHOD We studied 770 subordinates at a large university hospital. Three questionnaires for assessing perceived leadership behaviour, creative work climate and job satisfaction were used. RESULTS Subordinates with a manager perceived as 'super' have the highest rates on job satisfaction. The correlation between leadership and creative work climate is stronger than between leadership and job satisfaction. Between job satisfaction and work climate the correlation is strong. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that the relationship between a creative work climate and job satisfaction is strong. A managers' ability to lead has a major affect on work climate. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse managers must work on developing their leadership behaviour towards being an all-round leader that cares about people, is concerned about productivity and can handle changes. Support of ideas and initiatives are important in order to enable subordinates to perceive their work as challenging.
HLA-DRB1 and persistent chronic inflammation contribute to cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the most common cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We assessed the contribution of epidemiologic features, clinical features, routine laboratory markers of inflammation, and HLA-DRB1 alleles to CV mortality in patients with RA prospectively followed at a single referral center in Spain. METHODS Patients fulfilling the 1987 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for RA seen at the rheumatology outpatient clinic of Hospital Xeral-Calde, Lugo between March and September 1996 were included. HLA-DRB1 phenotype, epidemiologic data, and clinical data were assessed at that time. Patients were prospectively followed and clinical records were examined until patient's death or September 1, 2005. RESULTS A total of 182 consecutive patients were assessed. Compared with the general Spanish population, the age- and sex-standardized mortality ratio by CV cause was 1.78. CV mortality adjusted by age at disease onset and sex was associated with chronic inflammation determined by C-reactive protein level (CRP; hazard ratio [HR] 1.14, P < 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; HR 1.05, P = 0.003). Patients with HLA-DRB1*04 shared epitope alleles (HR 4.15, P = 0.030), in particular those HLA-DRB1*0404 positive (HR 6.65, P = 0.002), had increased risk of CV mortality. Increased risk of CV events was also associated with CRP level (HR 1.09, P = 0.001), ESR (HR 1.03, P = 0.003), and HLA-DRB1*0404 (HR 4.47, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a chronically high inflammatory response in genetically predisposed individuals promotes an increased risk of CV events and CV mortality in RA.
Recombinant hepatitis C viruses that might hamper accurate genotype classification and choice of treatment with direct‐acting agents, southeastern France

LOGY 1999;30:325-332. 3) Kartheuser AH, Dozois RR, LaRusso NF, Wiesner RH, Ilstrup DM, Schleck CD. Comparison of surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis: ileal pouchanal anastomosis versus Brooke ileostomy. Mayo Clin Proc 1996; 71:748-756. 4) Wiesner RH, Grambsch PM, Dickson ER, Ludwig J, MacCarty RL, Hunter EB, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis: natural history, prognostic factors and survival analysis. HEPATOLOGY 1989; 10:430-436. 5) Samaraweera RN, Feldman L, Widrich WC, Waltman A, Steinberg F, Greenfield A, et al. Stomal varices: percutaneous transhepatic embolization. Radiology 1989;170:779-782.
Human cord blood mononuclear cells are preferentially infected by non-syncytium-inducing, macrophage-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates

Identification of the factors which impact on the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from an infected mother to her infant is essential for the development of effective strategies to prevent perinatal HIV-1 infection. The current study was designed to determine if unstimulated human neonatal cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) differ from adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Both cell populations were challenged with two laboratory and two clinical HIV-1 isolates with different phenotypic properties. Infection was evaluated by quantitation of p24 antigen production and p24 antigen expression by an enzyme immunoassay and immunofluorescence, respectively. T-cell markers were determined by flow cytometry. Unstimulated CBMC were preferentially infected by macrophage-tropic, non-syncytium-inducing (non-SI) laboratory and clinical isolates, whereas PBMC were more susceptible to T-lymphotropic, SI HIV-1 strains. The macrophage-tropic strain HIV-1Ba-L replicated to 100-fold higher titers in CBMC than a similar inoculum of the SI isolate HIV-1LAI. The opposite occurred in unstimulated PBMC, which replicated HIVLAI to eightfold higher titers than the macrophage-tropic isolate. These findings indicate that a selection of viral phenotype may occur with unstimulated CBMC displaying a predominant susceptibility to infection by macrophage-tropic, non-SI HIV-1 strains and that this selection may influence mother-infant transmission of HIV-1.
Structural Equation Modeling as a Statistical Method : An Overview

Important attributes in many disciplines cannot be observed directly, and have to be measured by multiple indicators that are subject to errors. Structural equation modeling (SEM) has been a major tool for understanding the relationships between latent attributes and their observed indicators as well as those among latent attributes. This article provides a critical review of the statistical development of SEM methodology. Pros and cons of each method are noted, and the need for further development is pointed out. In particular, there is no effective procedure for SEM with small N and/ or large p, together with incomplete data from an unknown population distribution. ABBREVIATION AOSEM: An Overview of Structural Equation Modeling. INTRODUCTION In social, behavioral, education and health sciences, important attributes are often latent variables that cannot be observed directly, and have to be inferred from fallible measures. Their analyses are most effectively done by structural equation modeling (SEM). In contrast to statistical methods in traditional multivariate analysis, SEM has the mechanism of modeling manifest variables, latent variables, as well as measurement errors simultaneously. Although not familiar to many statisticians, SEM has become one of the most important methodology in many disciplines when analyzing survey or nonand quasi-experimental data. The journal, Structural Equation Modeling, launched in 1994, is consistently ranked as having the highest impact among all statistical and mathematicalmethod journals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_ statistics_journals). A SEM model can be equivalently represented as a mean and covariance structure model, and many commonly used statistical models are its special cases. The confirmatory factor model is among most widely used SEM models [1-2]. Other popular SEM models include the latent growth curve model [3-4], multitraitmultimethod model [2], and multiple-indicator and multiplecause model [2,5]. In particular, regression, MANOVA, and path analysis are also special cases of SEM models [6-7]. Commercial software for SEM includes AMOS, EQS, LISREL, MPLUS, and SAS CALIS; and free software includes Mx, sem and lavaan in R, and WebSEM. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of SEM methodology, include estimation methods, test statistics, and different formulations of standard errors of parameter estimates. Pros and cons of each method are noted, and the need for further research is pointed out. ESTIMATION METHODS Like in any other disciplines of statistics, estimation methods in SEM were mostly developed for obtaining more efficient parameter estimates, catering for different types of data and/ or distributions in practice. Among all the methods of SEM, the normal-distribution-based maximum likelihood (NML) [8] is most widely used. Let x and S be the sample means and sample covariance matrix, and the corresponding mean and covariance structure model be ( ) μ θ and ( ) θ Σ . The NML method obtains parameter estimate θ̂ by minimizing the discrepancy function
Improved Seam Carving Image Compression and Resizing method for Retinal Images

93 Abstract— Seam Carving, the well-known substance aware image resizing method, expels or embeds seams of lo w vitality iteratively without adequately considering their efect on the global visual nature of the image. Notwithstanding, sometimes seams go through the regions of interest (ROIs) wit h low energy and mutilate the geometric states of the critical o bjects. In this paper, we propose an enhanced resizing technique ta king into account seam cutting strategy that can keep the sea ms going the ROIs and better safeguard the substance of the imag e. With considering frequency-tuned saliency map and the se paration to the image center for every pixel in the significanc e map, it can secure the ROIs when the picture is resized to the objective size. In addition, a created two-dimension look plan for seam carving, an exchanging plan between seam carving and scaling are likewise proposed to productively ensure the global visual of the image. Tests show that resizing after effects of the proposed strategy are more pleasant than those of cropping, uniform scaling and other a few strategies.
LOSS OF EXTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE INTEGRITY PREDICTS PROGRESSION OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE RETINAL TOXICITY AFTER DRUG DISCONTINUATION

Purpose: To quantify external limiting membrane (ELM) disruption and photoreceptor volume over time, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in eyes with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) toxic effects after discontinuation. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who were screened for toxic effects of HCQ between January 1, 2009 and August 31, 2014, and identified 10 patients diagnosed as having HCQ retinal toxic effects. Intact ELM and the Bruch membrane were manually traced using ImageJ software and their lengths from each scan of the spectral domain optical coherence tomography macular volume were summed. The ratio of intact ELM length/Bruch membrane length was calculated. We measured the two-dimensional photoreceptor area between the intact ELM and Bruch membrane in every cross-sectional B-scan. We calculated the total volume of photoreceptors in a volumetric OCT by multiplying photoreceptor area by the distance between B-scans. Results: Of the 10 patients (120 eyes), 1 eye was excluded because of the presence of vitreomacular traction. The mean cumulative dose of HCQ was 1,951 g (range, 584–3,650 g). The mean follow-up duration was 34.1 months (range, 11–64 months). Based on the extent of ELM integrity at diagnosis of HCQ toxicity, we classified eyes into 2 groups: 1) 12 eyes showed severe ELM disruption and 2) 7 eyes had intact ELM. All 19 eyes showed characteristic signs of HCQ toxicity on the visual field examination at the baseline. Seven of 12 eyes with ELM disruption showed progressive ELM changes, including 7 eyes that additionally developed progressive photoreceptor volume decline, whereas 5 eyes remained stable. All 7 eyes with intact ELM remained stable over time. Conclusion: Intact ELM status at the time of HCQ discontinuation is a good prognostic sign, and ELM status may allow clinicians to predict patients at risk for progression of retinopathy. Quantitative measurements of ELM disruption and photoreceptors volume may provide an objective tool to monitor outer retinal changes due to HCQ.
Quantitation of multiple mycotoxins and cyanogenic glucosides in cassava samples from Tanzania and Rwanda by an LC-MS/MS-based multi-toxin method

A multi-mycotoxin method based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for a mycotoxin survey in 627 samples of processed cassava collected from different districts across Tanzania and Rwanda after the method performance for this matrix had been determined. Matrix effects as well as extraction efficiencies were found to be similar to most other previously investigated matrices with the exception of distinct matrix effects in the negative ionisation mode for early eluting compounds. Limits of detection were far below the regulatory limits set in the European Union for other types of commodities. Relative standard deviations were generally lower than 10% as determined by replicates spiked on two concentration levels. The sample-to-sample variation of the apparent recoveries was determined for 15 individually spiked samples during three different analytical sequences. The related standard deviation was found to be lower than 15% for most of the investigated compounds, thus confirming the applicability of the method for quantitative analysis. The occurrence of regulated mycotoxins was lower than 10% (with the exception of zearalenone) and the related limits were exceeded only in few samples, which suggests that cassava is a comparatively safe commodity as regards mycotoxins. The most prevalent fungal metabolites were emodin, kojic acid, beauvericin, tryptophol, 3-nitropropionic acid, equisetin, alternariol methylether, monocerin, brevianamide F, tenuazonic acid, zearalenone, chrysophanol, monilifomin, enniatins, apicidin and macrosporin. The related concentrations exceeded 1 mg kg–1 only in few cases. However, extremely high levels of cyanogenic plant toxins, which had been previously added to the method, were observed in few samples, pointing out the need for improved post-harvest management to decrease the levels of these compounds. Graphical Abstract
Comparing the information security culture of employees who had read the information security policy and those who had not: Illustrated through an empirical study

Purpose This study aims, firstly, to determine what influence the information security policy has on the information security culture by comparing the culture of employees who read the policy to those who do not, and, secondly, whether a stronger information security culture is embedded over time if more employees have read the information security policy. Design/methodology/approach An empirical study is conducted at four intervals over eight years across 12 countries using a validated information security culture assessment (ISCA) questionnaire. Findings The overall information security culture average scores as well as individual statements for all four survey assessments were significantly more positive for employees who had read the information security policy compared with employees who had not. The overall information security culture also improved from one assessment to the next. Research limitations/implications The information security culture should be measured and benchmarked over time to monitor change and identify and prioritise actions to improve the information security culture. If employees read the information security policy, it has a positive influence on the information security culture of an organisation. Practical implications Organisations should ensure that employees have read the information security policy to aid in minimising the human risk, related errors and incidents and, ultimately, to instil a stronger information security culture with a higher level of compliant behaviour. Originality/value This research confirms theoretical research indicating that the information security policy could influence the information security culture positively. It provides novel and statistical evidence illustrating that if employees read the information security policy, they have a stronger information security culture and that the culture can be improved through targeted interventions using an ISCA.
Reinforcement Learning, Spike-Time-Dependent Plasticity, and the BCM Rule

Learning agents, whether natural or artificial, must update their internal parameters in order to improve their behavior over time. In reinforcement learning, this plasticity is influenced by an environmental signal, termed a reward, that directs the changes in appropriate directions. We apply a recently introduced policy learning algorithm from machine learning to networks of spiking neurons and derive a spike-time-dependent plasticity rule that ensures convergence to a local optimum of the expected average reward. The approach is applicable to a broad class of neuronal models, including the Hodgkin-Huxley model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the derived rule in several toy problems. Finally, through statistical analysis, we show that the synaptic plasticity rule established is closely related to the widely used BCM rule, for which good biological evidence exists.
Finger-vein biometric identification using convolutional neural network

A novel approach using a convolutional neural network (CNN) for finger-vein biometric identification is presented in this paper. Unlike existing biometric techniques such as fingerprint and face, vein patterns are inside the body, making them virtually impossible to replicate. This also makes finger-vein biometrics a more secure alternative without being susceptible to forgery, damage, or change with time. In conventional finger-vein recognition methods, complex image processing is required to remove noise and extract and enhance the features before the image classification can be performed in order to achieve high performance accuracy. In this regard, a significant advantage of the CNN over conventional approaches is its ability to simultaneously extract features, reduce data dimensionality, and classify in one network structure. In addition, the method requires only minimal image preprocessing since the CNN is robust to noise and small misalignments of the acquired images. In this paper, a reduced-complexity four-layer CNN with fused convolutional-subsampling architecture is proposed for finger-vein recognition. For network training, we have modified and applied the stochastic diagonal Levenberg{Marquardt algorithm, which results in a faster convergence time. The proposed CNN is tested on a finger-vein database developed in-house that contains 50 subjects with 10 samples from each finger. An identification rate of 100.00% is achieved, with an 80/20 percent ratio for separation of training and test samples, respectively. An additional number of subjects have also been tested, in which for 81 subjects an accuracy of 99.38% is achieved.
On the Time-Dependent Transport Mechanism Between Surface Traps and the 2DEG in AlGaN/GaN Devices

The physical mechanisms involved in the trapping and de-trapping processes associated with surface donor traps in gallium nitride (GaN) transistors are discussed in this paper. The paper challenges the conventional transient techniques adopted for extrapolating the trap energy level via experiments and TCAD simulations. Transient TCAD simulations were employed to reproduce the time-dependent electrical behavior of a metal-on-insulator field-effect transistor and explain the influence of the electric field and energy barrier on the transient time associated with the trapping and de-trapping mechanisms of surface traps. The comparison between three test structures and the relative variation of the trapping and de-trapping times with the bias and trap parameters leads to the suggestion of a proposed test structure and bias configuration to accurately extrapolate the energy level of surface traps in GaN transistors.
Patches with Links: A Unified System for Processing Faces in the Macaque Temporal Lobe

The brain processes objects through a series of regions along the ventral visual pathway, but the circuitry subserving the analysis of specific complex forms remains unknown. One complex form category, faces, selectively activates six patches of cortex in the macaque ventral pathway. To identify the connectivity of these face patches, we used electrical microstimulation combined with simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging. Stimulation of each of four targeted face patches produced strong activation, specifically within a subset of the other face patches. Stimulation outside the face patches produced an activation pattern that spared the face patches. These results suggest that the face patches form a strongly and specifically interconnected hierarchical network.
Fatal postpartum infection with group G streptococcus.

5. Brivet F, Coffin B, Bedossa P, et al. Pancreatic lesions in AIDS. Lancet 1987;2:570-1. 6. Zazzo JF, Pichon F, Regnier B. HIV and the pancreas. Lancet 1987;2:1212-3. 7. Locksley RM. Staphylococcal infections. In: Wilson JD, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al., eds. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987;1:557-63. 8. Purdy D, Khardori N, Abbas F, Khardori R. Postoperative pancreatic abscess due to Haemophilus infiuenzae. Clin Infect Dis 1993;17: 949-51.
The British Regional Heart Study 1975-2004.

During the early 1970s, mortality rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) were exceptionally high in the UK. A twofold regional variation existed with particularly high rates in South Wales, Northern England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. There was considerable interest in the possibility that ‘soft’ drinking water was a risk factor for CHD and that variations in water hardness/softness across Britain might account for these geographical variations. Professor Gerry Shaper and colleagues submitted a 5-year proposal to the Medical Research Council: to examine the factors responsible for the considerable regional variation in coronary heart disease, hypertension, and stroke in Great Britain, and to determine the causes of these conditions in order to provide a rational basis for recommendations towards their prevention. This proposal embraced the water hardness hypothesis but extended the potential of the data collected to produce a more substantial and wider ranging enquiry into the causes of CHD both at the individual and the regional level: The British Regional Heart Study (BRHS).