Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ELAPSS score for prediction of risk of growth of unruptured intracranial aneurysms

Objective: To develop a risk score that estimates 3-year and 5-year absolute risks for aneurysm growth. Methods: From 10 cohorts of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms and follow-up imaging, we pooled individual data on sex, population, age, hypertension, history of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and aneurysm location, size, aspect ratio, and shape but not on smoking during follow-up and family history of intracranial aneurysms in 1,507 patients with 1,909 unruptured intracranial aneurysms and used aneurysm growth as outcome. With aneurysm-based multivariable Cox regression analysis, we determined predictors for aneurysm growth, which were presented as a risk score to calculate 3-year and 5-year risks for aneurysm growth by risk factor status. Results: Aneurysm growth occurred in 257 patients (17%) and 267 aneurysms (14%) during 5,782 patient-years of follow-up. Predictors for aneurysm growth were earlier subarachnoid hemorrhage, location of the aneurysm, age >60 years, population, size of the aneurysm, and shape of the aneurysm (ELAPSS). The 3-year growth risk ranged from <5% to >42% and the 5-year growth risk from <9% to >60%, depending on the risk factor status. Conclusions: The ELAPSS score consists of 6 easily retrievable predictors and can help physicians in decision making on the need for and timing of follow-up imaging in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms.
Effects of capsaicin on nitric oxide synthase isoforms in prepubertal rat ovary

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important intra-ovarian regulatory factor. We investigated effects of low dose capsaicin (CAP) treatment on the different NOS isoforms in prepubertal rat ovaries. Fifteen 21-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups. The first group received no treatment, the second group received 0.5 mg/kg/day CAP dissolved in the vehicle, and the third group was treated with the vehicle only. The animals were euthanized by ether inhalation after 15 days and their ovaries were excised. Ovaries were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections were processed for standard immunohistochemistry using the labeled streptavidin-biotin technique for expression of nNOS, eNOS and iNOS. We demonstrated that CAP induced expression of NOS isotypes including eNOS, iNOS and nNOS in prepubertal rat ovaries. CAP may lead to release of NO either directly from nerves or indirectly by evoking release from other cells via the action of neuropeptides that are released from afferent terminals and are involved in regulating female reproductive function.
Prevalencia de la ideación suicida en estudiantes de Medicina en Latinoamérica:: un meta análisis

Hablar de conductas suicidas es hablar de diferentes etapas o fases que la persona puede llegar a presentar; generalmente inicia con un pensamiento suicida, despues una planeacion del suicidio y, finalmente, la busqueda de los recursos para llegar al suicidio. Es importante senalar que la secuencia de estas fases no es una regla general; sin embargo, cada una de ellas pone en riesgo a la persona. El objetivo es realizar una revision de los pasos que se han dado para constituir en objeto de investigacion la ideacion suicida y el suicido consumado en estudiantes de medicina. Es una investigacion documental de tipo meta-analisis. El meta analisis es una integracion estructurada y sistematica de la informacion obtenida en diferentes estudios, en este caso sobre la ideacion suicida y el suicidio. Este tipo de revision da una estimacion cuantitativa y sintetica de todos los estudios disponibles. En esta revision se destacan los instrumentos utilizados para medir esta problematica, como son: el Inventario de Depresion de Beck, Inventario de Orientaciones Suicidas de Casullo, la Escala de Personalidad de Catell, el Cuestionario Multimodal de Interaccion Escolar, escala de Zung, entre otros. El suicidio es un problema de salud publica, responsable de mas de 800 000 defunciones anuales en todo el mundo y es la segunda causa de muerte en individuos entre los 15 y 29 anos de edad; este fenomeno ha comenzado a ser estudiado en Latinoamerica en fecha reciente. A partir de lo observado en este meta-analisis, basado en estudios incluidos en los buscadores Medline, Cochrane y Scielo, la prevalencia media de ideacion suicida en Latinoamerica es 13.85 %, ligeramente por debajo de lo observado en Europa y Estados Unidos. La prevalencia media observada en Mexico es 8.76 % aunque este valor es poco confiable dado que es producto de 3 estudios en los que la metodologia usada fue distinta y en dos de ellos se incluyeron residentes medicos en vez de estudiantes de pregrado. En conclusion, deben realizarse estudios metodologicamente bien planeados para valorar la ideacion suicida en estudiantes de medicina, analizando variables como el sexo, el ano escolar, el abuso de sustancias toxicas, psicopatologias asociadas y otras caracteristicas sociodemograficas que nos permitan explicar la razon por la que la ideacion suicida pudiera ser mas elevada en estudiantes de medicina, hecho que sugieren diversos estudios realizados en el mundo en poblaciones heterogeneas.
A Galvanizing Story—Protein Stability and Zinc Homeostasis

Zinc is an essential component of protein function in all living cells. The intracellular availability of zinc ions must be balanced against their potential toxicity. Maintaining optimal zinc ion levels requires the integration of zinc enzyme expression with zinc transport. Much of the effort to understand bacterial zinc homeostasis, as well as that of other metals, has focused on transcriptional regulation and the biochemical properties of the relevant transcriptional regulators. Less is known about the translational and posttranslational mechanisms of metal homeostasis in bacteria, although these are clearly important (9–11). The significance of protein stability and turnover is emphasized in the results of a study of the zinc-dependent ZntR transcriptional activator, which are presented in this issue (15). These new data provide a way to reconcile the results of previous biochemical and biological studies of ZntR function (6, 13, 18) and provide a better model for understanding zinc homeostasis and one which can be applied to other metals. This study underscores the importance of designing experiments that account for the dynamic nature of cell physiology and its effect on intracellular transition metal utilization. There are many known zinc proteins in Escherichia coli (50), several of which are essential (e.g., RNA polymerase and tRNA synthetases). Growth conditions that change the level of zinc protein expression will require adjustments of intracellular zinc levels to ensure that sufficient metal is available for the generation of active proteins. Access to zinc will depend on the concentration of both extracellular zinc and that recovered from the turnover of other Zncontaining proteins. Zinc ions are transported into the cytoplasm via ZnuABC (14), although other import pathways exist (5). ZnuABC expression is regulated by Zur (14), a Zn-dependent transcriptional repressor homologous to the well-known Fur family of metal-dependent regulators (8). When Zur binds available intracellular zinc, it represses ZnuABC transcription, ultimately leading to cessation of zinc import via this pathway. Excess zinc ions are exported by the zinc-inducible exporter ZntA (1, 16), whose expression is regulated by ZntR (2), a member of the MerR family of transcriptional regulators (7).
Compressive Sensing-based Target Tracking for Wireless Visual Sensor Networks

Limited storage, channel bandwidth, and battery lifetime are the main concerns when dealing with Wireless Visual Sensor Networks (WVSNs). Surveillance application for WVSNs is one of the important applications that requires high detection reliability and robust tracking, while minimizing the usage of energy as visual sensor nodes can be left for months without any human interaction. In surveillance applications, within WVSN, only single view target tracking is achieved to keep minimum number of visual sensor nodes in a ’wake-up’ state to optimize the use of nodes and save battery life time, which is limited in WVSNs. Least Mean square (LMS) adaptive filter is used for tracking to estimate target’s next location. Moreover, WVSNs retrieve large data sets such as video, and still images from the environment requiring high storage and high bandwidth for transmission which are limited. Hence, suitable representation of data is needed to achieve energy efficient wireless transmission and minimum storage. In this paper, the impact of CS is investigated in designing target detection and tracking techniques for WVSNs- based surveillance applications, without compromising the energy constraint which is one of the main characteristics of WVSNs. Results have shown that with compressive sensing (CS) up to 31 % measurements of data are required to be transmitted, while preserving the detection and tracking accuracy which is measured through comparing targets trajectory tracking.
Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in enterocytic cells.

BACKGROUND Mucosal hypoxia due to intestinal hypoperfusion is characteristic of a number of clinical disorders. An early event in the adaptive response to cellular hypoxia is the binding of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) to cis-acting regulatory sites in target genes. METHODS We characterized the expression of HIF-1 in transformed (Caco-2(BBe) and T84) and nontransformed human (FHs 74 Int) and rat (IEC-6) intestinal epithelial cell lines. RESULTS The electrophoretic mobility shift assay detected increased HIF-1 DNA-binding activity in each cell line within 2 h of hypoxia (1% O2). HIF-1 binding was maximal within 4 h and remained stable for 24 h. HIF-1 DNA-binding activity was maximal in the established IEC-6 cell line below 2% oxygen, but HIF-1 DNA-binding activity was not detectable above 0.5% O2 in the primary human FHs 74 Int cell line. The nonspecific protein kinase inhibitor genistein (200 microM) inhibited HIF-1 binding at 4 h. Transfection of Caco-2 cells with a wild-type, but not a mutant, HIF-1-dependent luciferase expression vector resulted in a fourfold induction of reporter gene expression during hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, HIF-1 regulates gene expression in enterocytes and an undefined phosphorylation event is important for O2 sensing.
Serotoninergic and Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Involvement in the Corticotropic Response to Systemic Endotoxin Challenge in Rats

We have investigated whether the serotonin system participates in the mechanisms underlying the corticotropic response in experimentally infected rats. Intra‐arterial injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 25 μg/kg b.w.) resulted in a slight but significant increase in serotonin (5‐HT) metabolism, detectable 60 min after the stimulus and lasting more than 480 min. Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) responses in intact rats conformed to earlier reports, increasing as early as 30 min after LPS injection and reaching maximal concentrations in the circulation 60 min after the bacterial endotoxin injection. Plasma concentrations of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) increased only after 60 min, reaching maximal levels 120 min after LPS. Depletion of hypothalamic 5‐HT (−93%) by pretreatment of the animals with para‐chlorophenylalanine (p‐CPA), resulted in a halved ACTH response to LPS, despite an overall unchanged secretory pattern. Neither CORT nor IL‐1β secretory patterns were affected in these rats pretreated with p‐CPA. Complete bilateral electrochemical lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is innervated by mesencephalic 5‐HT, impaired the early phase of the ACTH (−75% at 30 min) and CORT (−40% at 30 min) responses but did not affect the later increases of the corticotropic and the plasma IL‐1β responses following the LPS injection. These results indicate that serotonin pathways and SCN are involved in the earlier mechanisms of corticotropic axis recruitment following systemic LPS endotoxemia.
Preimplantation filling of tooth socket with beta-tricalcium phosphate/polylactic-polyglycolic acid (beta-TCP/PLGA) root analogue: clinical and histological analysis in a patient.

INTRODUCTION Bone resorption is a physiological process after tooth extraction. The use of bone substitutes to fill the tooth socket is suggested to prevent bone resorption and establish good bone architecture for implant placement. A pure beta-tricalcium phosphate coated with copolymer (polylactic-polyglycolic acid) as a root analogue, is suitable for filling tooth sockets. CASE REPORT We presented a patient successfully treated with root analogue after extraction of the right second lower premolar. Three months later, the patient was planned for the placement of six TE ITI dental implants into the mandible. During the sugery, the biopsy of bone-like tissue from the previously treated socket was taken. All the implants were immediately loaded due to good primary stability. Histological analysis of the specimen revealed fibrous healing in the area treated with root analogue. CONCLUSION The use of beta-tricalcium phosphate coated with copolymers after tooth extraction enables satisfactory bone architecture for consequent implant treatment.
Alternatives to Autogenous Bone Graft: Efficacy and Indications

Bone grafting is frequently used to augment bone healing with the numerous approaches to reconstructing or replacing skeletal defects. Autologous cancellous bone graft remains the most effective grafting material because it provides the three elements required for bone regeneration: osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenic cells. Autologous cortical bone graft provides these three components to a limited extent as well and also provides the structural integrity important in reconstruction of larger defects. However, because autogenous grafting is associated with several shortcomings and complications, including limited quantities of bone for harvest and donor-site morbidity, alternatives have been used in a wide range of orthopaedic pathologic conditions. Grafting substitutes currently available include cancellous and cortical allograft bone, ceramics, demineralized bone matrix, bone marrow, and composite grafts. No single alternative graft material provides all three components for bone regeneration. The clinical applications for each type of material are dictated by its particular structural and biochemical properties. Composite grafts consisting of several materials are often used to maximize bone healing, especially where the grafting site is compromised.
Examining Land Use and Land Cover Spatiotemporal Change and Driving Forces in Beijing from 1978 to 2010

Land use and land cover (LULC) datasets for Beijing in 1978, 1987, 1992, 2000 and 2010 were developed from Landsat images using the object-oriented classification approach. The relationships between social-economic, demographic and political factors and time-series LULC data were examined for the periods between 1978 and 2010. The results showed the effectiveness of using the object-oriented decision tree classification method for LULC classification with time series of Landsat images. Combined with anthropogenic driving forces, our research can effectively explain the detailed LULC change trajectories corresponding to different stages and give new insights for Beijing LULC change patterns. The results show a significant increase in forest and built-up areas, but a decrease in arable lands, due to urbanization and reforestation. Large ecological projects result in an increase of forest areas and population, and economic conditions result in urban expansion. The
Normalizing a Relativistic Model of X-ray Reflection: The Definition of the Reflection Fraction and its Implementation in relxill

The only relativistic reflection model that implements a parameter relating the intensity incident on an accretion disk to the observed intensity is relxill. The parameter used in earlier versions of this model, referred to as the reflection strength, is unsatisfactory, and it has been superseded by a parameter that provides insight into the accretion geometry, namely the reflection fraction. The reflection fraction is defined as the ratio of the coronal intensity illuminating the disk to the coronal intensity that reaches the observer. The relxill model combines a general relativistic ray-tracing code and a photoionization code to compute the component of radiation reflected from an accretion that is illuminated by an internal source. The reflection fraction is a particularly important parameter for relativistic models with well-defined geometry, such as the lamppost model, which is a focus of this paper. Relativistic spectra are compared for three inclinations and for four values of the key parameter of the lamppost model, namely the height above the black hole of the illuminating, on-axis point source. In all cases, the strongest reflection is produced for low source heights and high spin. A low-spin black hole is shown to be incapable of producing enhanced relativistic reflection. Results for the relxill model are compared to those obtained with other models and a Monte Carlo simulation. Fitting data using the relxill model and the recently implemented parameter the reflection fraction, one can constrain the geometry of a system, under the assumption of a lamppost-like accretion geometry. The reflection fraction is independent of such system parameters as inclination and black hole spin. The reflection fraction parameter was implemented with the name refl_frac in all flavors of the relxill model, and the nonrelativistic reflection model xillver, in v0.4a (18 January 2016).
Towards exposure limits for working postures and musculoskeletal symptoms – a prospective cohort study

Abstract Occupational postures are considered to be an important group of risk factors for musculoskeletal pain. However, the exposure-outcome association is not clear yet. Therefore, we aimed to determine the exposure-outcome association of working postures and musculoskeletal symptoms. Also, we aimed to establish exposure limits for working postures. In a prospective cohort study among 789 workers, intensity, frequency and duration of postures were assessed at baseline using observations. Musculoskeletal pain was assessed cross-sectionally and longitudinally and associations of postures and pain were addressed using logistic regression analyses. Cut-off points were estimated based on ROC-curve analyses. Associations were found for kneeling/crouching and low-back pain, neck flexion and rotation and neck pain, trunk flexion and low-back pain, and arm elevation and neck and shoulder pain. The results provide insight into exposure-outcome relations between working postures and musculoskeletal symptoms as well as evidence-based working posture exposure limits that can be used in future guidelines and risk assessment tools. Practitioner Summary: Our study gives insight into exposure-outcome associations of working postures and musculoskeletal symptoms (kneeling/crouching and low-back pain, neck flexion/rotation and neck pain, trunk flexion and low-back pain, and arm elevation and neck and shoulder pain). Results furthermore deliver evidence-based postural exposure limits that can be used in guidelines and risk assessments.
Institutional Behaviour and Time in Treatment among Psychopaths Admitted to a Prison-Based Therapeutic Community

Previous research has indicated that psychopathy is associated with high levels of institutional misconduct and high attrition rates in therapeutic communities. However, most of this work has been conducted with North American populations. In the present study, data is presented on institutional behaviour and time in therapy for 104 inmates admitted to Grendon Therapeutic Prison. The results indicated that high scores on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised were significantly associated with failure to progress from the assessment unit onto a therapy wing and the number of adjudications and security information reports. A trend was found for psychopathy to be associated with shorter periods in therapy, but this just failed to reach significance. The results confirm previous research on the association between psychopathy and institutional misconduct and provide some support for the association between psychopathy and early termination of treatment in therapeutic communities. A number of methodological issues are discussed.
Comparison of strategies for sustaining weight loss: the weight loss maintenance randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Behavioral weight loss interventions achieve short-term success, but re-gain is common. OBJECTIVE To compare 2 weight loss maintenance interventions with a self-directed control group. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Two-phase trial in which 1032 overweight or obese adults (38% African American, 63% women) with hypertension, dyslipidemia, or both who had lost at least 4 kg during a 6-month weight loss program (phase 1) were randomized to a weight-loss maintenance intervention (phase 2). Enrollment at 4 academic centers occurred August 2003-July 2004 and randomization, February-December 2004. Data collection was completed in June 2007. INTERVENTIONS After the phase 1 weight-loss program, participants were randomized to one of the following groups for 30 months: monthly personal contact, unlimited access to an interactive technology-based intervention, or self-directed control. Main Outcome Changes in weight from randomization. RESULTS Mean entry weight was 96.7 kg. During the initial 6-month program, mean weight loss was 8.5 kg. After randomization, weight regain occurred. Participants in the personal-contact group regained less weight (4.0 kg) than those in the self-directed group (5.5 kg; mean difference at 30 months, -1.5 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.4 to -0.6 kg; P = .001). At 30 months, weight regain did not differ between the interactive technology-based (5.2 kg) and self-directed groups (5.5 kg; mean difference -0.3 kg; 95% CI, -1.2 to 0.6 kg; P = .51); however, weight regain was lower in the interactive technology-based than in the self-directed group at 18 months (mean difference, -1.1 kg; 95% CI, -1.9 to -0.4 kg; P = .003) and at 24 months (mean difference, -0.9 kg; 95% CI, -1.7 to -0.02 kg; P = .04). At 30 months, the difference between the personal-contact and interactive technology-based group was -1.2 kg (95% CI -2.1 to -0.3; P = .008). Effects did not differ significantly by sex, race, age, and body mass index subgroups. Overall, 71% of study participants remained below entry weight. CONCLUSIONS The majority of individuals who successfully completed an initial behavioral weight loss program maintained a weight below their initial level. Monthly brief personal contact provided modest benefit in sustaining weight loss, whereas an interactive technology-based intervention provided early but transient benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00054925.
Managing Sustainability for Competitive Advantage: Evidence from the Hospitality Industry

The hospitality industry "is in the midst of a sustainability awakening" (Prairie, 2012). Many hospitality managers seem to be willing to adopt sustainability practices in order to obtain a competitive advantage. In this paper we use Barney's VRIO framework (value, rareness, imitability, and organization) to examine the role of resources or capabilities in developing and maintaining competitive advantage through the development of sustainability practices in the hospitality industry. The article reports the findings from interviews conducted with 17 hospitality managers from hotels established in Mexico and recognized as champions in sustainability. These results contribute to a better understanding of the factors that determine competitive advantage in the hospitality industry. Furthermore, the results have strong practical implications regarding the implementation of sustainability strategies.