Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Targeted deletion of nrf2 impairs lung development and oxidant injury in neonatal mice.

AIMS Nrf2 is an essential transcription factor for protection against oxidant disorders. However, its role in organ development and neonatal disease has received little attention. Therapeutically administered oxygen has been considered to contribute to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in prematurity. The current study was performed to determine Nrf2-mediated molecular events during saccular-to-alveolar lung maturation, and the role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of hyperoxic lung injury using newborn Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2(-/-)) and wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) mice. RESULTS Pulmonary basal expression of cell cycle, redox balance, and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism genes was lower while lymphocyte immunity genes were more highly expressed in Nrf2(-/-) neonates than in Nrf2(+/+) neonates. Hyperoxia-induced phenotypes, including mortality, arrest of saccular-to-alveolar transition, and lung edema, and inflammation accompanying DNA damage and tissue oxidation were significantly more severe in Nrf2(-/-) neonates than in Nrf2(+/+) neonates. During lung injury pathogenesis, Nrf2 orchestrated expression of lung genes involved in organ injury and morphology, cellular growth/proliferation, vasculature development, immune response, and cell-cell interaction. Bioinformatic identification of Nrf2 binding motifs and augmented hyperoxia-induced inflammation in genetically deficient neonates supported Gpx2 and Marco as Nrf2 effectors. INNOVATION This investigation used lung transcriptomics and gene targeted mice to identify novel molecular events during saccular-to-alveolar stage transition and to elucidate Nrf2 downstream mechanisms in protection from hyperoxia-induced injury in neonate mouse lungs. CONCLUSION Nrf2 deficiency augmented lung injury and arrest of alveolarization caused by hyperoxia during the newborn period. Results suggest a therapeutic potential of specific Nrf2 activators for oxidative stress-associated neonatal disorders including BPD.
Bayesian fault detection based on WAMS/PMU measurement system

The Bayesian fault detection based on WAMS/PMU measurement system will be clarified in this paper. Multivariate statistical analysis is an effective tool to finish the fault detection for electric power system. In Bayesian discriminant analysis as a sub branch, by the research of several populations, one can calculate the conditional probability that some samples belong to these populations, and compare the corresponding probability. The sample will be classified as population with maximum probability. A great number of simulation examples have confirmed that the results of Bayesian fault detection in wide area backup protection are accurate and reliable.
A Fixed-Frequency Quasi-${\rm V}^{2}$ Hysteretic Buck Converter With PLL-Based Two-Stage Adaptive Window Control

This paper proposes a fast transient quasi- V2 fixed-frequency hysteretic buck converter designed and fabricated using TSMC 2P4M 0.35-μm CMOS process. The proposed converter can achieve fixed frequency switching through a novel phase-locked-loop-based two-stage adaptive window control. Under ultralight load conditions, the proposed converter operates in a pulse frequency modulation mode to reduce the switching loss and improve light load efficiency. A quasi- V2 technique is applied for obtaining inductor current information without relying on an output capacitor with a high equivalent series resistance; therefore, the output voltage ripple can be reduced. The experimental results show that the proposed converter can operate at a load current ranging from 18 to 700 mA, a supply voltage ranging from 2.7 to 4.2 V, and an output voltage of 1.2 V. The off-chip inductor and output capacitor are 2.2 μH and 10 μF, respectively. Through the PLL control, the switching frequency is maintained at 1 MHz. The transient response time is approximately 5 μs, and the highest efficiency registered is 95.6%.
Het Drents van Ruinen

Die vorliegende Arbeit befaszt sich mit dem Dialekt von Ruinen, dem Hauptort einer Gemeinde gleichen Namens im Sudwesten der Provinz Drente. Die ersten zwei Kapitel handeln der Reihe nach von dem Vokalismus, der Formenlehre und der Syntax dieser Mundart. Im dritten Kapitel, welchem 32 Karten beigegeben wurden, wird der Dialekt nach lautlichen, formalen und lexikalischer Kriterien mit benachbarten Mundartgruppen verglichen. Zie: Zusammenfassung
Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.

BACKGROUND Lung cancer and cardiovascular disease are major causes of death in the United States. It has been proposed that carotenoids and retinoids are agents that may prevent these disorders. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled primary prevention trial -- the Beta Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial -- involving a total of 18,314 smokers, former smokers, and workers exposed to asbestos. The effects of a combination of 30 mg of beta carotene per day and 25,000 IU of retinol (vitamin A) in the form of retinyl palmitate per day on the primary end point, the incidence of lung cancer, were compared with those of placebo. RESULTS A total of 388 new cases of lung cancer were diagnosed during the 73,135 person-years of follow-up (mean length of follow-up, 4.0 years). The active-treatment group had a relative risk of lung cancer of 1.28 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.57; P=0.02), as compared with the placebo group. There were no statistically significant differences in the risks of other types of cancer. In the active-treatment group, the relative risk of death from any cause was 1.17 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.33); of death from lung cancer, 1.46 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.07 to 2.00); and of death from cardiovascular disease, 1.26 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.61). On the basis of these findings, the randomized trial was stopped 21 months earlier than planned; follow-up will continue for another 5 years. CONCLUSIONS After an average of four years of supplementation, the combination of beta carotene and vitamin A had no benefit and may have had an adverse effect on the incidence of lung cancer and on the risk of death from lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and any cause in smokers and workers exposed to asbestos.
Approche multifonctionnelle mitochondriale par puce à ADN dédiée

Depuis 2000, l'implantation d'un groupe nutrition dans l'equipe d'Yves Malthiery a mis l'accent sur les anomalies du metabolisme energetique mitochondrial dans les situations hypercataboliques. Cela se positionne dans un contexte de sante ou l'hypercatabolisme affecte 20 a 40 % des patients hospitalises, et 30 a 80 u des patients atteints de cancer. Le developpement d'une alimentation fonctionnelle et susceptible de moduler certaines de ces anomalies, tout particulierement par la qualite des lipides (acides gras de la serie n-3, produit de la mer et de la filiere lin-colza-soja) est la finalite de ces recherches. Les principaux resultats obtenus au sein de notre laboratoire montrent que dans un modele de rat hypercatabolique ( rat traite par dexamethasone), une partie de la perte d'energie est induite par un dysfonctionnement mitochondrial ( Dumas 2003 ; Roussel 2003, 2004). L'origine de ce dysfonctionnement n'est pas clairement etablie et nous envisageons dans ce contexte qu'il puisse etre soit a l'origine de perturbation de grandes fonctions cellulaires (proteolyse, proteosynthese, glycolyse, negolucogenese, production et epuration des radicaux libres), soit etre la consequence d'une demande d'energie accrue pour ces grandes fonctions. La situation de perte de poids, qu'elle soit volontaire ou involontaire, est une parfaite illustration de stress energetique. Dans ce contexte, l'organisme doit s'adapter de maniere a repondre a des besoins importants en energie sans pour autant disposer de plus de ressources, ou au contraire, l'organisme doit adapter ses besoin et optimiser son utilisation des ressources disponibles car celles-ci sont diminuees. Il est donc interessant dans ce contexte de positionner la mitochondrie comme un element centrale de cette regulation et d'etudier son fonctionnement ainsi que le contexte metabolique qui l'entoure pour comprendre comment l'organisme prganise sa reponse face au stress energetique. La Mitoligo a donc ete developpee dans le but de permettre l'etude du transcriptome de l'homme et du rat en se focalisant sur les grandes fonctions energetiques. Cet outil nous permet d'etudier le metabolisme mitochondrial dans sa globalite. Il est ainsi possible d'etablir un profil transcriptomique de la chaine respiratoire mais egalement de toutes les fonctions du metabolisme peripherique et notamment des voies metaboliques impliques dans la production de substrats pour la chaine respiratoire.
Influence of antivertigo drugs on postural balance and health-related quality of life of individuals with dizziness complaints

PURPOSE: this study aimed to identify the influence of anti-vertigo drugs on the health-related quality of life and balance in adults and elder individuals with dizziness complaints. METHODS: 51 individuals with dizziness complaints were enrolled at this cross-sectional study. The sample was divided into two groups according to chronic use of antivertigo drugs (medicated group, n=25 or non-medicated group, n=26). Information regarding vertigo-related symptoms, health-related quality of life (through Dizziness Handicap Inventory), dizziness intensity (measured by dizziness visual analogue scale) and postural balance (using a force platform) were assessed in all subjects recruited. RESULTS: a moderate intensity of dizziness was observed (Mean: 4.6 ± 2.8) as well as negative impact on health-related quality of life (Mean: 47.3 ± 22.4) at this sample. When medicated and non-medicated groups were compared, no statistically differences were observed concerning dizziness intensity (p=0.74) and health-related quality of life (p=0.79). Similar results were observed regarding balance parameters (Unpaired t test, p > 0.05). However, after including the time duration of antivertigo drugs' use as a covariable of this study, a worse balance in different balance tasks was observed at the medicated group (ANCOVA, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: no benefits concerning the symptoms or health-related quality of life were observed after chronic treatment with anti-vertigo drugs. On the other hand, worse balance control was observed in medicated group.
THE 2012 HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD (UDF12): OBSERVATIONAL OVERVIEW

We present the 2012 Hubble Ultra Deep Field campaign (UDF12), a large 128 orbit Cycle 19 Hubble Space Telescope program aimed at extending previous Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)/IR observations of the UDF by quadrupling the exposure time in the F105W filter, imaging in an additional F140W filter, and extending the F160W exposure time by 50%, as well as adding an extremely deep parallel field with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) in the F814W filter with a total exposure time of 128 orbits. The principal scientific goal of this project is to determine whether galaxies reionized the universe; our observations are designed to provide a robust determination of the star formation density at z ≳ 8, improve measurements of the ultraviolet continuum slope at z ∼ 7–8, facilitate the construction of new samples of z ∼ 9–10 candidates, and enable the detection of sources up to z ∼ 12. For this project we committed to combining these and other WFC3/IR imaging observations of the UDF area into a single homogeneous dataset to provide the deepest near-infrared observations of the sky. In this paper we present the observational overview of the project and describe the procedures used in reducing the data as well as the final products that were produced. We present the details of several special procedures that we implemented to correct calibration issues in the data for both the WFC3/IR observations of the main UDF field and our deep 128 orbit ACS/WFC F814W parallel field image, including treatment for persistence, correction for time-variable sky backgrounds, and astrometric alignment to an accuracy of a few milliarcseconds. We release the full, combined mosaics comprising a single, unified set of mosaics of the UDF, providing the deepest near-infrared blank-field view of the universe currently achievable, reaching magnitudes as deep as AB ∼ 30 mag in the near-infrared, and yielding a legacy dataset on this field.
Delimiting operational taxonomic units for assessing ciliate environmental diversity using small-subunit rRNA gene sequences.

Delineating operational taxonomic units (OTUs) is a central element in any culture-independent analysis of environmental microbial eukaryotic diversity. Previous studies either have not justified their choice in sequence distance used to bin small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences amplified from environmental samples into OTUs, or have used a value based on the average across a broad sampling of microbial eukaryotes. Here, we analyse distances (320 922 pairwise comparisons) among sequences just from identified ciliates, and compare these with their taxonomic hierarchy. Our results show that no single sequence similarity value can always and unambiguously delineate species boundaries and higher taxa. Nevertheless, we suggest the use of 98% similarity to delineate ciliate OTUs because this threshold at least accounts for intra-specific polymorphism among multiple rRNA cistron copies. However, we suggest refraining from reconciling SSU rRNA gene-based OTUs and ciliate morphotypes; these OTUs should be used to analyse ciliate phylotype diversity, not ciliate species diversity.
The Correlation of the Bga Blood Group with the HL‐A7 Leucocyte Group: Demonstration of Antigenic Sites on Red Cells and Leucocytes

Summary. Antigenic sites of Bga specificity have been demonstrated on leucocytes as well as on red cells. The Bga group shows almost complete concordance with the histocompatibility group HL‐A7. Red cells show much less activity than leucocytes and did not absorb cytotoxic antibodies but leucocytes removed all haemagglutinating activity. RNAP reactions can be demonstrated by both haemagglutiuation and cytotoxic tests. In some instances multispecific cytotoxic antibodies may show a monospecific haemagglutinating component. Family studies showed that the HL‐A groups may influence the Bga reaction of the red cells.
The Influence of Leadership Styles on Organizational Commitment: The Moderating Effect of Emotional Intelligence

Organizations need employees who are committed in their work so that they can contribute to the survival of the organization in the marketplace competition. Organizational commitment can be divided into three components; normative, affective and continuance commitment. There are various factors that influence employeesi¯ commitment. These factors can be categorized into four groups; organizational factors, including leadership, culture, structure and processes; individual factors, including personality traits, emotional quotient, intellectual quotient, and spiritual quotient; job factors, including job characteristics, and remuneration systems; and environment factors, including social relationships and physical environment. This paper is meant to discuss on the influence of the most dominant organizational factor; leadership styles, on employeesi¯ organizational commitment by concentrating on the effect of leadersi¯emotional intelligence. Leadership styles are hypothesized to significantly influence the three types of employeesi¯ organizational commitment. Besides, leadersi¯ emotional intelligence is hypothesized to enhance the relationship between leadership styles and employeesi¯ organizational commitment. The practical and research implications of the paper are also discussed.
Enumeration, Isolation, and Characterization of Beggiatoa from Freshwater Sediments

An accurate most-probable-number enumeration method was developed for counting the number of Beggiatoa trichomes from various freshwater sediments. The medium consisted of extracted hay, diluted soil extract, 0.05% acetate, and 15 to 35 U of catalase per ml. The same enrichment medium, but without the acetate, was the best enrichment medium from which to obtain pure cultures because it supported good growth of the beggiatoas without allowing them to be overgrown by other bacteria. A total of 32 strains of Beggiatoa were isolated from seven different freshwater habitats and partially characterized. The strains were separated into five groups based on several preliminary characteristics. Four of the groups contained cells with trichomes of approximately the same diameter (1.5 to 2.7 μm) and may be Beggiatoa leptomitiformis or an unnamed species. The fifth group appeared to be Beggiatoa alba. With the exception of three strains, all of the strains deposited sulfur in the presence of hydrogen sulfide, and all strains grew heterotrophically and deposited poly-β-hydroxybutyrate and volutin when grown on acetate supplemented with low concentrations of other organic nutrients. Thin sections of sulfur-bearing trichomes indicated that the sulfur granules were external to the cytoplasmic membrane and that they were surrounded by an additional membrane.
Human Envelope Following Responses to Amplitude Modulation: Effects of Aging and Modulation Depth

Objective: To record envelope following responses (EFRs) to monaural amplitude-modulated broadband noise carriers in which amplitude modulation (AM) depth was slowly changed over time and to compare these objective electrophysiological measures to subjective behavioral thresholds in young normal hearing and older subjects. Design: Participants: three groups of subjects included a young normal-hearing group (YNH 18 to 28 years; pure-tone average = 5 dB HL), a first older group (“O1”; 41 to 62 years; pure-tone average = 19 dB HL), and a second older group (“O2”; 67 to 82 years; pure-tone average = 35 dB HL). Electrophysiology: In condition 1, the AM depth (41 Hz) of a white noise carrier, was continuously varied from 2% to 100% (5%/s). EFRs were analyzed as a function of the AM depth. In condition 2, auditory steady-state responses were recorded to fixed AM depths (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%) at a rate of 41 Hz. Psychophysics: A 3 AFC (alternative forced choice) procedure was used to track the AM depth needed to detect AM at 41 Hz (AM detection). The minimum AM depth capable of eliciting a statistically detectable EFR was defined as the physiological AM detection threshold. Results: Across all ages, the fixed AM depth auditory steady-state response and swept AM EFR yielded similar response amplitudes. Statistically significant correlations (r = 0.48) were observed between behavioral and physiological AM detection thresholds. Older subjects had slightly higher (not significant) behavioral AM detection thresholds than younger subjects. AM detection thresholds did not correlate with age. All groups showed a sigmoidal EFR amplitude versus AM depth function but the shape of the function differed across groups. The O2 group reached EFR amplitude plateau levels at lower modulation depths than the normal-hearing group and had a narrower neural dynamic range. In the young normal-hearing group, the EFR phase did not differ with AM depth, whereas in the older group, EFR phase showed a consistent decrease with increasing AM depth. The degree of phase change (or phase slope) was significantly correlated to the pure-tone threshold at 4 kHz. Conclusions: EFRs can be recorded using either the swept modulation depth or the discrete AM depth techniques. Sweep recordings may provide additional valuable information at suprathreshold intensities including the plateau level, slope, and dynamic range. Older subjects had a reduced neural dynamic range compared with younger subjects suggesting that aging affects the ability of the auditory system to encode subtle differences in the depth of AM. The phase-slope differences are likely related to differences in low and high-frequency contributions to EFR. The behavioral-physiological AM depth threshold relationship was significant but likely too weak to be clinically useful in the present individual subjects who did not suffer from apparent temporal processing deficits.
Contexting Koreans: Does the High/Low Model Work?

South Korea is assumed to be a high-context culture with extensive shared information and an emphasis on relationships in doing business. The follow ing study reported here tests this assumption and illustrates similarities and differences between Korean and American writers in an attempt to document language differences between high- and low- context societies. Data in the texts studied did not confirm the high/low contextfeatures expected. South Korean texts showed more similarities to than differences from the American texts, and the language features found suggest a more complex context situa tion than the high/low context model may be able to accommodate.
The Psychiatric and Neuropsychiatric Aspects of HIV Disease

·I naddition to the physical illnesses associated . with HIV disease, specific psychiatric and neuropsychiatric disorders occur (18). Dilley, in reviewing the types' of diagnoses made in psychiatric consultations on persons with AIDS (PWAS) who were on medical units, reported that 50% had' an adjustment disorder with depressed mood, and 17% had a major affective disorder, depressed (6). Navia et al. reported that up to 70% OfPWAS. will develop an organic brain syndrome (delirium or. dementia) during the course of their illness -: · (17):. , Consequently, all health care workers need to be knowledgeable about the.psychiatric and neuropsychiatric aspects of HIV disease in order to . provide comprehensive care to persons affe<;,ted by -this virus. Such knowledge is particularly important since, in many of these cases, the disorder is. treatable (8). In cases where' there is no treatment, various palliative measures are available (9). This article will review the clinical features of adjustment disorder; major affective disci~der; depressed; and organic brain syndromes as they " specifically pertain to persons with HIV infection. Suggestions for management will also be discussed.
Do N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors Mediate the Capacity of Inhaled Anesthetics to Suppress the Temporal Summation that Contributes to Minimum Alveolar Concentration?

Antagonism of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors markedly decreases the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhaled anesthetics. To assess the importance of suppression of the temporal summation NMDA receptor component of MAC, we stimulated the tail of rats with trains of electrical pulses of varying interstimulus intervals (ISIs) and determined the inhaled anesthetic concentrations (crossover concentrations) that suppressed movement at different ISIs. The slopes of crossover concentrations versus ISIs provided a measure of temporal summation for each anesthetic. We studied five anesthetics that differ widely in their in vitro capacity to block NMDA receptors. To block NMDA receptor transmission and reveal the NMDA receptor component, the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK801, was separately added during each anesthetic. Halothane, isoflurane, and hexafluorobenzene did not appreciably suppress the NMDA receptor components of temporal summation, which contributed to 21% to 29% of MAC (P < 0.05 for each). Xenon and o-difluorobenzene suppressed these components to 8% to 0%, respectively, of MAC (neither significant), consistent with their greater NMDA receptor blocking action in vitro. NMDA receptor blockade may contribute to the MAC produced by inhaled anesthetics that potently inhibit NMDA receptors in vitro but not those that have a limited in vitro effect.