Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inheritance and allelism tests of Raiden soybean for resistance to soybean mosaic virus.

The gene symbol Rsv2 was previously assigned to the gene in the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] line OX670 for resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV). The Rsv2 gene was reported to be derived from the Raiden soybean (PI 360844) and to be independent of Rsv1. Accumulated data from our genetic experiments were in disagreement with this conclusion. In this study, Raiden and L88-8431, a Williams BC5 isoline with SMV resistance derived from Raiden, were crossed with two SMV-susceptible cultivars to investigate the mode of inheritance of SMV resistance in Raiden. They were also crossed with five resistant cultivars to examine the allelomorphic relationships of the Raiden gene with other reported genes at the Rsv1 locus. F1 plants, F2 populations, and F2-derived F3 (F2:3) lines were tested with SMV strains G1 or G7 in the greenhouse or in the field. The individual plant reactions were classified as resistant (R, symptomless), necrotic (N, systemic necrosis), or susceptible (S, mosaic). The F2 populations from R x S crosses segregated in a ratio of 3 (R + N):1 S and the F2:3 lines from Lee 68 (S) x Raiden (R) exhibited a segregation pattern of 1 (all R):2 segregating:1 (all S). The F2 populations and F2:3 progenies from all R x R crosses did not show any segregation for susceptibility. These results demonstrate that the resistance to SMV in Raiden and L88-8431 is controlled by a single dominant gene and the gene is allelic to Rsv1. The heterozygous plants from R x S and R x N crosses exhibited systemic necrosis when inoculated with SMV G7, indicating a partial dominance nature of the resistance gene. Raiden and L88-8431 are both resistant to SMV G1-G4 and G7, but necrotic to G5, G6, and G7A. Since the resistance gene in Raiden is clearly an allele at the Rsv1 locus and it exhibits a unique reaction to the SMV strain groups, assignment of a new gene symbol, Rsv1-r, to replace Rsv2 would seem appropriate. Further research is ongoing to investigate the possible existence of the Rsv2 locus in OX670 and its relatives.
Efficacy of an oral health promotion intervention in the prevention of early childhood caries.

OBJECTIVE Despite a marked improvement in oral health of Australian children over the last 30 years, severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) affects up to 17% of 2- to 3-year-old children with some requiring hospitalization and invasive treatment. This provided a compelling rationale to develop and test an oral health promotion programme which aimed to reduce this unnecessary suffering. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of an oral health promotion programme for the parents of infants, starting during the pregnancy, using a randomized controlled trial. METHODS A programme was developed around the provision of anticipatory guidance to nulliparous women (women expecting their first child) in Adelaide. Mothers in the test group received oral health promotion information during pregnancy, and later when the child reached 6 and 12 months of age. After the second round of information the test group mothers were randomized again. The information was reinforced in one of the test subgroups through a telephone consultation. There was no contact with mothers in the control group after enrolment. At the age of 20 +/- 2.5 months all test and control group children were examined by a dentist. The case definition of an incidence of S-ECC was one or more upper incisor teeth being carious at the level of a cavitated or noncavitated lesion. The differences in S-ECC incidence between the test and control groups, and the test subgroups were analysed. RESULTS Of 649 women enroled in the programme (test group 327, control group 322), 441 had their child examined at follow-up. The incidence of S-ECC in the test group was 1.7% and in the control group 9.6% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION An oral health promotion programme based on repeated rounds of anticipatory guidance initiated during the mother's pregnancy was successful in reducing the incidence of S-ECC in these very young children.
Incidence, ultrasonic patterns and resolution of nephrocalcinosis in very low birthweight infants

Saarela T, Vaarala A, Lanning P, Koivisto M. Incidence, ultrasonic patterns and resolution of nephrocalcinosis in very low birthweight infants. Acta Pædiatr 1999; 88: 655‐60. Stockholm. ISSN 0803‐5253
Trends in antimicrobial prescribing rates for children and adolescents.

CONTEXT Annual rates of antimicrobial prescribing for children by office-based physicians increased from 1980 through 1992. The development of antimicrobial resistance, which increased for many organisms during the 1990s, is associated with antimicrobial use. To combat development of antimicrobial resistance, professional and public health organizations undertook efforts to promote appropriate antimicrobial prescribing. OBJECTIVE To assess changes in antimicrobial prescribing rates overall and for respiratory tract infections for children and adolescents younger than 15 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data provided by 2500 to 3500 office-based physicians for 6500 to 13 600 pediatric visits during 2-year periods from 1989-1990 through 1999-2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Population- and visit-based antimicrobial prescribing rates overall and for respiratory tract infections (otitis media, pharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, and upper respiratory tract infection) among children and adolescents younger than 15 years. RESULTS The average population-based annual rate of overall antimicrobial prescriptions per 1000 children and adolescents younger than 15 years decreased from 838 (95% confidence interval [CI], 711-966) in 1989-1990 to 503 (95% CI, 419-588) in 1999-2000 (P for slope <.001). The visit-based rate decreased from 330 antimicrobial prescriptions per 1000 office visits (95% CI, 305-355) to 234 (95% CI, 210-257; P for slope <.001). For the 5 respiratory tract infections, the population-based prescribing rate decreased from 674 (95% CI, 568-781) to 379 (95% CI, 311-447; P for slope <.001) and the visit-based prescribing rate decreased from 715 (95% CI, 682-748) to 613 (95% CI, 570-657; P for slope <.001). Both population- and visit-based prescribing rates decreased for pharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection; however, for otitis media and bronchitis, declines were only observed in the population-based rate. Prescribing rates for sinusitis remained stable. CONCLUSION The rate of antimicrobial prescribing overall and for respiratory tract infections by office-based physicians for children and adolescents younger than 15 years decreased significantly between 1989-1990 and 1999-2000.
Online learning of sparse pseudo-input Gaussian Process

In this paper, we propose a novel method of online learning of sparse pseudo-data, representative of the whole training data, for Gaussian Process (GP) regressions. We call the proposed method Incremental Sparse Pseudo-input Gaussian Process (ISPGP) regression. The proposed ISPGP algorithm allows for training from either a huge amount of training data by scanning through it only once or an online incremental training dataset. Thanks to the nature of the incremental learning algorithm, the proposed ISPGP algorithm can theoretically work with infinite data to which the conventional GP or SPGP algorithm is not applicable. From our experimental results on the KIN40K dataset, we can see that the proposed ISPGP algorithm is comparable to the conventional GP algorithm using the same number of training data. Although the proposed ISPGP algorithm performs slightly worse than Snelson and Ghahramani's SPGP algorithm, the level of performance degradation is acceptable.
Period‐four Modulation of Photosystem II Primary Quinone Acceptor (QA) Reduction/Oxidation Kinetics in Thylakoid Membranes

Photosystem II (PSII), a multiprotein complex mainly coded by the chloroplast genome in higher plants and algae, contains the oxygen‐evolving complex with four manganese atoms responsible for the oxidation of water. After each absorption of a light quantum by pigment molecules in the light harvesting complexes of PSII, the Mn cluster advances in its oxidation states denoted from S0 to S4. The S4 state decays to S0 in the dark with the concurrent release of molecular oxygen. Therefore, the oxygen production in PSII exposed to successive single turnover excitations follows a period‐four oscillation pattern. The intensity of chlorophyll a fluorescence of PSII is also known to be influenced by the oxidation state of the Mn cluster. In the present work, fluorescence induction kinetics was measured in isolated thylakoids with various initial S‐state populations settled by preflashes. The shape of the fluorescence induction traces was strongly affected by preflashes. O‐J and J‐I phases of the induction followed a period‐four oscillation pattern. The results indicate that these changes reflect the influence of the oxidation rate of the Mn cluster on the reduction/oxidation kinetics of the primary quinone acceptor (QA) of PSII.
Vascular endothelial growth factor expression is not regulated by estradiol or medroxyprogesterone acetate in endometrial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is altered by treatment in an in vivo tumor with 17 beta-estradiol (E2) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). METHODS A well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma tumor was isolated from a patient and explanted into the dorsal skin of ovariectomized nude mice, from which it was serially passaged in vivo. The explanted tumor retained all the properties of the original tumor, including estrogen and progesterone receptor expression and growth promotion and inhibition by E2 and MPA, respectively. The mice were treated with continuous E2 administration followed by treatment with either a single intramuscular administration of 2 mg MPA or weekly administrations of 2 mg MPA. Untreated tumor-bearing mice served as controls. The tumors were harvested at 0 to 21 days from first MPA administration. RNA from the tumors was isolated and VEGF expression was determined by Northern analysis. RESULTS VEGF was expressed in the absence of treatment with E2 or MPA, and expression was unaltered by continuous treatment with E2. Additional treatment with a single does of MPA did not alter expression at Days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 21, and additional treatment with E2 or E2 + MPA. Regulation of VEGF expression is not a mechanism by which these hormones exert their growth effects on endometrial tumors.
The structure of energy demand in Australia : an econometric investigation with some economic applications

The literature on the estimation of energy demand in Australia is reviewed and the need to obtain fresh estimates of energy demand parameters is highlighted. After illuminating trends in national energy consumption, its mix and greenhouse gas emissions in Chapter 2, the structure of consumer energy demand is modelled in Chapter 3 using the Almost Ideal demand system, with dynamic representations, and time series data. In Chapter 4 the dynamic OLS is applied to estimate, again, the consumer energy demand in an attempt to get a second opinion on the inter-fuel substitution relationships, as the statistical evidence in the previous chapter tends to favour complementarity in the electricity and gas use. The chapter, using the estimated demand structures, also projects residential energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions under baseline conditions and a carbon tax scenario. The next chapter assesses the impact of the tax on welfare by computing the deadweight loss. Chapter 6 models the inter-fuel substitution structure of the Australian commercial and industrial sectors by dividing the two sectors into 37 industries and categorising energy employed into electricity, gas, oil and coal. Using a dynamic factor demands model, the next chapter endogenises the demand for aggregate energy, along with other factor aggregates and fuel sources. Chapter 8 integrates the estimates of the energy demand structure estimated in different chapters with a view to identifying energy substitution possibilities in various industries/sectors. Generally, industries are characterised by very inelastic energy demand and limited substitution opportunities between different energy sources. Chapter 9 summarises the thesis and discusses briefly the contributions and weaknesses of the research undertaken.
Investigation of a measles outbreak in Zimbabwe, 2010: potential of a point of care test to replace laboratory confirmation of suspected cases

SUMMARY Blood and oral fluid (OF) samples were collected from 103 suspected measles cases between February and November 2010 during a nationwide measles outbreak in Zimbabwe. Siemens measles IgM enzyme immunoassay (EIA) on serum, Microimmune measles IgM capture EIA on OF, real-time haemagglutinin (H) gene PCR and nested nucleocapsid (N) gene PCR on OF were performed, confirming 75 measles cases. These samples were then used to evaluate a newly developed point of care test (POCT) for measles and determine its potential for identifying measles cases in outbreaks. After performing POCTs on OF samples, nucleic acid was extracted from the used test strips and the measles H and N genes amplified by RT–PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the POCT for IgM in OF was 75·0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 63·4–84·5], 96·2% (95% CI 80·4–99·9), 98·2% (95% CI 90·3–100) and 58·1% (95% CI 42·1–73·0), respectively. The N gene sequences showed high level of agreement between original OF and corresponding POCT strips. Measles genotype B3 was identified in all cases. We conclude that the measles POCT has the potential to be used, at the point of contact, in outbreak situations and provide molecular characterization of the virus at a later date.
Az 1993-as magyarországi kisebbségi törvény parlamenti vitája

A tanulmany rovid osszefoglalot ad a torveny parlamenti vitajarol. Az ott elhangzott 66 felszolalas tartalomelemzesere alapozva azt vizsgaltuk meg, hogy melyek voltak a vita legfontosabb temai. A kozel egy eves vita soran a leggyakrabban emlitett tema a kisebbsegi onkormanyzatok penzugyi tamogatasa, illetve maga az onkormanyzati rendszer volt. A masodik leggyakrabban targyalt temakorok a hataron tuli magyarok kerdese volt. Tovabbi fontos temak: a hazai kisebbsegek bevonasa a torveny-előkeszitesbe; a nemzetkozi elvarasok ervenyesitese. Fontos tapasztalat, hogy a vita soran mennyire nem vettek figyelembe az egyes kisebbsegi csoportok kozti tarsadalmi kulonbsegeket. Kulcsszavak: kisebbsegi onkormanyzat; nemzeti kisebbsegek; etnikai kisebbsegek; roma kerdes; kisebbsegi jog; kisebbsegi erdekvedelem; nemzetisegi/kisebbsegi politika; The paper presents a brief summary of the parliamentary debate of the Act. We examined the 66 speeches delivered in connection with the act through qualitative data analysis. The topics that were most frequently touched upon during the debate were the financial support of minority councils and the minority council system itself. The second most frequent topic was the issue of Hungarian communities abroad. Further important topics in the debate were the involvement of minority groups in the legislative process, and the compatibility of the law with international norms. An interesting conclusion of the research is that the social differences between the respective minority groups were not taken into account during the legislative process. Keywords: minority council; national minorities; ethnic minorities; Roma; minority rights; minority protection; minority policy
Unipolar depression in the Belgian population: trends and sex differences in an eight-wave sample.

BACKGROUND Although elaborate studies have considered gender differences in depression and a possible narrowing of this gender gap, one wonders if any longitudinal trends in Belgium exist to contribute to the discussion. METHOD This study makes use of data from 1992 to 1999 of the panel study of Belgian Households (PSBH), a longitudinal database with yearly surveys that includes 3,546 longitudinal respondents (1,612 men and 1,933 women). Depression is measured according to a modified version of the Health and Daily Living Form (HDL) that contains 13 depression items. RESULTS Introducing latent variable growth curve modelling, a longitudinal representative sample of the Belgian population acknowledges the existence of a gender gap in depression and, regardless of age, sex, educational attainment, work loss or divorce, a general upward trend in depression. Another conclusion is the lack of evidence regarding a narrowing of this gender difference. Instead, we see a slightly larger growth rate in depression for the female respondents. The instrument used to measure depression not only captures gender differences adequately, but the scale itself is significantly reproducible over the entire 8-year period. CONCLUSION The overall conclusion of this study is that, regardless of socio-demographic differences, we can witness an upward trend of depression in Belgium between 1992 and 1999.
Multivariate analysis of factors associated with post-anesthetic times to standing in isoflurane-anesthetized horses: 381 cases.

OBJECTIVE To identify anesthesia-related variables which may independently predict time to standing in horses anesthetized with ketamine/diazepam/isoflurane. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS Three hundred and eighty-one horses. METHODS Case records were searched for the years 2000-2003 and 381 horses older than 12 months which weighed at least 200 kg were identified. Data were extracted from the records, and only horses that were anesthetized with xylazine, ketamine, diazepam and isoflurane were included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression was used to relate time to standing with demographic, intraoperative and anesthetic variables. RESULTS Most (326; 86%) horses recovered unassisted and 55 (14%) were assisted in recovery. The model for unassisted recovery had an R(2) of 0.228 with colic (p < 0.0001), anesthesia duration (p < 0.02), temperature nadir (p < 0.02) and duration of hypotension (p < 0.0001) being significant predictors of time to standing. The final model for predicting assisted recovery time had an R(2) of 0.314 with emergency status (p < 0.0001), warm-blood breed (p < 0.04) and intraoperative administration of ketamine (p < 0.004) being the significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Variables which could be impacted by the anesthetist which would result in a faster time to standing include duration of anesthesia, hypothermia and intraoperative hypotension. However, the contribution of anesthesia factors explained <23% of the variability in recovery time, suggesting that other, more important factors contribute to anesthesia recovery time in horses.
VARIABILITY OF NUMBER OF KERNELS PER SPIKE IN WHEAT CULTIVARS (Triticum aestivum L.)

In this paper was analyzed number of kernels per spike in 20 genetically divergent wheat cultivars originated from different breeding centers in Serbia. Investigation conducted during two seasons which characterized different climatic condition. For analysis used samples of 60 wheat plants (20 plants in 3 replications) which were harvested in full maturity stage. The differences in average values for number of kernels per spike in studied cultivars were determined. The variability of number of kernels per spike was established. In average, number of kernels per spike for all cultivars was higher in second year 72.22 than in first experimental year 68.73. The highest number of kernels/spike in both year expressed Tanjugovka cultivar and the lowest Yugoslavia cultivar. Average value of coefficientvariation for all cultivars varied from 14.19 in first year to 12.92 in second year. Average number of kernels per spike for both year of growing, varied from 54.56 in cultivar Yugoslavia to 77.83 in cultivar Tanjugovka. Significant differences for number of kernels/spike were found among cultivars in both years as well between years. Heritability in wide sense for number of kernels/spike was 79.13%.
Platelet factor 4 (CXCL4) facilitates human macrophage infection with HIV-1 and potentiates virus replication

Platelet factor 4 (CXCL4), a member of the CXC chemokine subfamily released in high amounts by activated platelets, has been identified as a monocyte survival factor that induces monocyte differentiation into macrophages. Although CXCL4 has been shown to have biological effects unique to chemokines, nothing is known about the role of CXCL4-derived human macrophages or CXCL4 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. In this study, CXCL4-derived macrophages are compared with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-derived macrophages for their ability to support HIV-1 replication. We show that CXCL4-derived macrophages can be infected with macrophage-tropic HIV-1 that uses either CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) or CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) as a co-receptor for viral entry. We also find that M-CSF and the chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1; CCL2) and macrophage-inflammatory-protein-1-alpha (MIP-1α; CCL3) are produced upon R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 replication in both M-CSF- and CXCL4-derived human macrophages. In addition, CXCL4 added to M-CSF-derived macrophages after virus adsorption and maintained throughout the infection enhances HIV-1 replication. We thus propose a novel role for CXCL4 in HIV disease.
Objective analysis of tomographic ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy in pulmonary embolism.

RATIONALE Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is highly sensitive for pulmonary embolism (PE), but its clinical usefulness is limited by its nondiagnostic rate. Objective analysis of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) three-dimensional scintigraphy may improve its diagnostic performance compared with subjective interpretation. OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic accuracy of objective SPECT analysis in PE. METHODS We determined the ventilation/perfusion (V(.)/Q(.)) relationship using SPECT scintigraphy in a retrospective cohort of 73 patients. Measures of V(.)/Q(.) heterogeneity (logSD(Q(.)), logSD(V(.)), logSD(VQR)), including a novel parameter, the weighted median V(.)/Q(.) value, were calculated. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, each parameter's diagnostic accuracy was determined. The weighted median V(.)/Q(.) value was then assessed prospectively in a second cohort of 50 patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In cohort 1, all parameters of V(.)/Q(.) heterogeneity were higher in patients with PE (p < 0.002). The weighted median V(.)/Q(.) had the highest area under the ROC curve (0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.98). When applied to the prospective cohort, the area under the ROC curve was 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.75-0.99), with diagnostic cutoff values having negative and positive predictive values of 96 and 83%, respectively. In the retrospective and prospective cohorts, 82 and 73% of initially reported intermediate or low probability scans had diagnostic weighted median V(.)/Q(.) values, with 90 and 100% accuracy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Objective analysis of SPECT scintigraphy has a high diagnostic accuracy in patients with suspected PE. Objective analysis has the potential to reduce the number of nondiagnostic scan results, and may be useful for quantifying V(.)/Q(.) mismatch in other pulmonary disorders.
Renal function in heart failure: a disparity between estimating function and predicting mortality risk

To compare the predictive value of estimated renal function calculated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (eGFRCKD‐EPI), four‐variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (eGFRMDRD‐4), and Cockcroft–Gault [estimated creatinine clearance (eCcr)] equation in terms of all‐cause mortality in heart failure. Renal function is an important prognostic factor in heart failure. Established methods of estimating renal function are known to under‐/overestimate true function in certain settings.