Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive 3-DTV-Concepts and Key Technologies

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview about recent trends in the area of three-dimensional television (3-DTV). This includes the application of new 3-D data representation formats, which are inherently interactive and more flexible than the traditional (two-view) stereoscopic image. In this context, we describe an experimental 3-DTV system that is based on the joint distribution of monoscopic color video and associated per-pixel depth information. From these data, one or more “virtual” views of a real-world scene can be synthesized in real-time at the receiver side (i.e., in a 3-DTV set-top box) by means of so-called depth-image-based rendering (DIBR) techniques. In addition, the paper provides details on the latest advances in glasses-free (autostereoscopic) 3-DTV display development, both for single and multiple users, as well as on multimodel user interfaces based on head, gaze, or gesture tracking.
Embedded histories and biogeographic interpretations of forest diversity at Mt. Kasigau, Kenya

Abstract Forest resources conserved at Mt. Kasigau, an Eastern Arc peak in southeastern Kenya, show a complex legacy of unique cultural adaptations influenced by profound effects from outside interventions. We compiled place-name maps, landscape narratives, and semi-structured interviews (2002–2015) to spatially interpret a dynamic history of biogeographical change since early settlement by the Kasigau Taita, influenced by regional trade networks, colonial ‘war-time’ authority, export markets, conservation enterprises, and a persistently growing need for incomes to offset livelihood insecurity. Adaptive co-management, if empowered through local participation, needs to better recognize and account for extra-local influences on livelihood strategies and their ecological effects.
A novel subtype of type 1 diabetes mellitus characterized by a rapid onset and an absence of diabetes-related antibodies. Osaka IDDM Study Group.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS Type 1 diabetes mellitus is now classified as autoimmune (type 1A) or idiopathic (type 1B), but little is known about the latter. We classified 56 consecutive Japanese adults with type 1 diabetes according to the presence or absence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (their presence is a marker of autoimmunity) and compared their clinical, serologic, and pathological characteristics. RESULTS We divided the patients into three groups: 36 patients with positive tests for serum glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies, 9 with negative tests for serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies and glycosylated hemoglobin values higher than 11.5 percent, and 11 with negative tests for serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies and glycosylated hemoglobin values lower than 8.5 percent. In comparison with the first two groups, the third group had a shorter mean duration of symptoms of hyperglycemia (4.0 days), a higher mean plasma glucose concentration (773 mg per deciliter [43 mmol per liter]) in spite of lower glycosylated hemoglobin values, diminished urinary excretion of C peptide, a more severe metabolic disorder (with ketoacidosis), higher serum pancreatic enzyme concentrations, and an absence of islet-cell, IA-2, and insulin antibodies. Immunohistologic studies of pancreatic-biopsy specimens from three patients with negative tests for glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and low glycosylated hemoglobin values revealed T-lymphocyte-predominant infiltrates in the exocrine pancreas but no insulitis and no evidence of acute or chronic pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS Some patients with idiopathic type 1 diabetes have a nonautoimmune, fulminant disorder characterized by the absence of insulitis and of diabetes-related antibodies, a remarkably abrupt onset, and high serum pancreatic enzyme concentrations.
Micro-, nano- and hierarchical structures for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning and low adhesion

Superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit extreme water-repellent properties. These surfaces with high contact angle and low contact angle hysteresis also exhibit a self-cleaning effect and low drag for fluid flow. Certain plant leaves, such as lotus leaves, are known to be superhydrophobic and self-cleaning due to the hierarchical roughness of their leaf surfaces. The self-cleaning phenomenon is widely known as the ‘lotus effect’. Superhydrophobic and self-cleaning surfaces can be produced by using roughness combined with hydrophobic coatings. In this paper, the effect of micro- and nanopatterned polymers on hydrophobicity is reviewed. Silicon surfaces patterned with pillars and deposited with a hydrophobic coating were studied to demonstrate how the effects of pitch value, droplet size and impact velocity influence the transition from a composite state to a wetted state. In order to fabricate hierarchical structures, a low-cost and flexible technique that involves replication of microstructures and self-assembly of hydrophobic waxes is described. The influence of micro-, nano- and hierarchical structures on superhydrophobicity is discussed by the investigation of static contact angle, contact angle hysteresis, droplet evaporation and propensity for air pocket formation. In addition, their influence on adhesive force as well as efficiency of self-cleaning is discussed.
Common variable immunodeficiency disorder - An uncommon cause for bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis continues to be a common respiratory problem of varied etiology. Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) is an uncommon cause for bronchiectasis. However, the prevalence of bronchiectasis remains very high in patients with CVID. This remains largely an underdiagnosed entity as primary immunodeficiency is not suspected in adults as a cause of bronchiectasis and hence, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels are not measured routinely. In addition to bronchiectasis, patients with CVID usually present with various extrapulmonary symptoms. I report here a case of young man who presented with bronchiectasis and multisystem complains who was diagnosed as CVID.
Hyperactivation of BDNF‐TrkB Signaling Cascades in Human Hypothalamic Hamartoma (HH): A Potential Mechanism Contributing to Epileptogenesis

Although compelling evidence suggests that human hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is intrinsically epileptogenic for gelastic seizures, the molecular mechanisms responsible for epileptogenesis within HH remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that hyperactivation of BDNF‐TrkB signaling pathways in surgically resected HH tissue is a possible mechanism for downregulation of KCC2 expression, which in turn underlies GABA‐mediated excitation within HH.
The Double Penalty? Ethno-Gender Outcomes in China's Labour Market

Studies looking at female and ethnic minority outcomes in China’s labour market have generally suggested that women and ethnic minorities are separately experiencing a wage disadvantage relative to males and the Han majority respectively. Does this automatically entail that female members of ethnic minorities experience a double wage penalty? This article investigates this analytical query using China’s 2005 one percent mini-census. It suggests that the double penalty does not appear to apply to ethnic minority women in China. After factoring standard controls, ethnic minority women earn comparable wages to Han women. This could be due either to the fact that the penalty only applies to minority men, or due to the fact that minority women have some advantage that Han women do not have. We examine whether factors such as economic reforms, modernization, education, age, family structure (e.g. marriage, caretaking of children and elderly persons), geography and religion can explain these differences.
Prospective study of risk factors for the initiation of cigarette smoking.

Risk factors for the initiation of cigarette smoking were examined in 2 consecutive cohorts of teenagers (N = 1,901). Students in Cohort 1 were followed over 4 years from 9th to 12th grade; those in Cohort 2 were followed over 3 years from 9th to 11th grade. Among girls with no history of smoking at baseline, those with more friends who smoked at baseline (p < .001) and those with higher sociability scores (p < .05) were significantly more likely to have tried smoking over the study interval. Among boys with no history of smoking at baseline, those with more friends who smoked at baseline (p < .05) and those with higher depression symptoms scores (p < .01) were significantly more likely to have tried smoking over the study interval. The data suggest that future research is needed to examine potential gender differences that may have implications for the next generation of smoking-prevention programs.
Different RNA and protein expression of surface markers in rabbit amniotic fluid‐derived mesenchymal stem cells

Over the years, there has been much confusion in defining molecular markers of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for other than human species due to a lack of species‐specific antibodies. Therefore, the aim of our study was to define rabbit amniotic fluid‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (rAF‐MSCs) and to reflect upon the current identification of AF‐MSCs by providing a summary of detected surface markers in different species. The expression of rAF‐MSC surface markers was analyzed at the protein and mRNA level. Flow cytometry analyses showed that rAF‐MSCs were positive for CD29 and CD44, low positive for CD90, but negative for CD73, CD105, and CD166. Interestingly, RT‐PCR (reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction) exposed a discprepancy between transcribed mRNA and protein expression, as the cells expressed mRNA of all MSC markers: CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166. Our results also confirmed the mesenchymal nature of isolated cells by morphology, ultrastructure, and intracellular marker expression profile. In addition, the expression of few pluripotency markers was also detected. We also found that passaging did not affect apoptosis and viability. Similarly, changes in karyotype were not observed during passaging. In conclusion, the provided characteristics may be used as a comprehensive set of criteria to define and characterize rAF‐MSCs, required for the identification of these cells in preclinical investigations. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 33:1601–1613, 2017
Strength of forearm flexors and extensors in men and women.

SINGH, MOHAN, AND PETER V. KARPOVICH. Strength ufforearmjexors and extensors in men and women. J. Appl. Physiol. 25(2) : 177-180. 1968. -The strength of the elbow flexors and extensors of both arms was measured in 12 men and 1.1 women by means of an electric dynamometer. The results showed that, with the exception of two conditions in men, there was no statistically significant difference in strength between the preferred and the nonpreferred arm. The exceptions were: isometric contraction of flexors at 50” and concentric contraction of extensors at 90’. In both instances the preferred arm was stronger. The average strength of extensors expressed in percent of flexors’ strength in men varied from 53-55 for concentric, 47-48 for eccentric, and 52-57 for isometric contractions. In women it was 61-68 for concentric, 49-51 for eccentric, and 57-60 for isometric contractions. Expressed in percent of men’s strength, the means of all tests for women were between 42-47 with one exception: the concentric strength of the flexors in the preferred arm, which ranged between 35-39.
Effect of congenital heart defects on language development in toddlers with Down syndrome.

BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS, OMIM #190685) is the most commonly identified genetic form of intellectual disability with congenital heart defect (CHD) occurring in 50% of cases. With advances in surgical techniques and an increasing lifespan, this has necessitated a greater understanding of the neurodevelopmental consequences of CHDs. Herein, we explore the impact of CHD on language development in children with DS. METHODS Twenty-nine children with DS were observed systematically in parent-child interactions using the Communication Play Protocol to evaluate their language use; they also completed the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and MacArthur Communication Development Inventory. Mean ages were 31.2 months for children with DS and CHD (DS + CHD, n = 12) and 32.1 months for children with DS and a structurally normal heart (DS - CHD, n = 17). RESULTS Compared with the DS - CHD controls, the DS + CHD group revealed lower scores in multiple areas, including fine motor skills and expressive and receptive vocabulary. Whereas most differences were not statistically significant, the Communication Development Inventory word count and symbol-infused joint engagement differed significantly (P < 0.01) and marginally (P = 0.09) between groups. CONCLUSIONS Finding that CHDs may account for part of the variation in language delay allows us to consider the specific mechanisms underlying the impact of CHDs on language acquisition in children with DS. Conclusions from this first study on early language outcomes of children with DS + CHD may be useful for clinicians in providing developmental surveillance and early intervention programmes with specific emphasis on language therapy as part of long-term follow-up for children with DS + CHD.
Multiple sclerosis and delayed mumps

To test the hypothesis that mumps occurs less frequently and later in patients with multiple sclerosis, histories were taken from patients and matched controls by a single observer at a university hospital in Canada, and in the course of domiciliary visits in England. 63 consecutive patients with multiple sclerosis in two neurological practices, and 63 controls matched for age, sex and childhood domicile, together with 29 sibs of English patients were studied. Patients had mumps at an older age (12.3:8.6, p<0.04) and less frequently (33/63 vs 60/92, p = 0.08). Multiple sclerosis patients display a partial immunity to mumps, of which the most obvious explanation is a preceding infection by an antigenically related paramyxovirus, that is, by either the Newcastle Disease virus, or parainfluenza.
Neural Correlates of Set‐Shifting in Children With Autism

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with high levels of inflexible thinking and rigid behavior. The neural correlates of these behaviors have been investigated in adults and older adolescents, but not children. Prior studies utilized set‐shifting tasks that engaged multiple levels of shifting, and depended on learning abstract rules and establishing a strong prepotent bias. These additional demands complicate simple interpretations of the results. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of set‐shifting in 20 children (ages 7–14) with ASD and 19 typically developing, matched, control children. Participants completed a set‐shifting task that minimized nonshifting task demands through the use of concrete instructions that provide spatial mapping of stimuli‐responses. The shift/stay sets were given an equal number of trials to limit the prepotent bias. Both groups showed an equivalent “switch cost,” responding less accurately and slower to Switch stimuli than Stay stimuli, although the ASD group was less accurate overall. Both groups showed activation in prefrontal, striatal, parietal, and cerebellum regions known to govern effective set‐shifts. Compared to controls, children with ASD demonstrated decreased activation of the right middle temporal gyrus across all trials, but increased activation in the mid‐dorsal cingulate cortex/superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal, and right inferior frontal gyri during the Switch vs. Stay contrast. The successful behavioral switching performance of children with ASD comes at the cost of requiring greater engagement of frontal regions, suggesting less efficiency at this lowest level of shifting. Autism Res 2015, 8: 386–397. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preoperative predictors of moderate to intense acute postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal surgery

Background: Pain is a sensory and emotional experience that is influenced by physiologic, sensory, affective, cognitive, socio‐cultural, and behavioral factors. Consistent with the perspective to improve the postoperative pain control, the present study has the purpose of assessing the effect of presurgical clinical factors, psychological and demographic characteristics as predictors for reporting moderate to intense acute postoperative pain.
A Social Network Perspective on Ownership and Self-Determination in Participatory Research

ii Co-Authorship. iii Acknowledgements . iv Statement of Originality . v List of Figures . ix List of Tables . x List of Abbreviations . xi Chapter 1 General Introduction. 1 Setting and Context . 3 Outline of Dissertation Manuscripts . 5 Manuscript 1 (chapter 3) . 5 Manuscript 2 (chapter 4) . 7 Manuscript 3 (chapter 5) . 10 Manuscript 4 (chapter 6) . 13 Chapter 2 Literature Review . 18 Participatory Research: History and Application . 18 1980’s and 1990’s: Participatory Research and Health Promotion . 23 From Health Promotion to Health Services Research and Integrated Knowledge Translation . 25 Key Limitations and knowledge gaps . 36 Ownership and Self-Determination from a Participatory Research Perspective . 38 Social Network Analysis . 41 Individual-level measures . 45 Network-level measures . 48 Network dynamics . 50 Conclusion . 51 Chapter 3 Successful Strategies to Engage Research Partners for Translating Evidence into Action in Community Health: A Critical Review . 53 Introduction . 53 Materials and Methods . 55 Data Sources . 55 Study Selection . 58 vii Data extraction . 58 Data analysis . 64 Results . 64 Discussion . 72 Conclusion . 76 Acknowledgements . 77 Chapter 4 Engaging Community Stakeholders for School-Based Physical Activity Intervention . 78 Introduction: . 78 Social Network Analysis: . 80 Setting and Context: . 83 The Intervention: . 85 Methods: . 88 Network Questionnaire . 89 Measures . 89 Results: . 91 Discussion: . 94 Implications for community ownership and self-determination . 95 Limitations: . 97 Conclusion and further direction for research: . 98 Acknowledgements: . 99 Chapter 5 Examining the dynamics of actor roles and network structure over the lifecycle of a community-based participatory research project . 100 Introduction: . 100 Social Network Analysis:. 102 Setting and Context: . 106 Methods: . 108 Network Questionnaire . 109 Measures . 109 Description of Subgroups and Network Core-Periphery . 110 Dynamic network analysis . 111 Results . 112 Discussion . 124 Limitations and future research. 126 Chapter 6 What participatory strategies foster community ownership and self-determination? 128 vii
Joseonjok and their evolving roles as mediators in transnational enterprises in Qingdao, China

This paper looks at the role played by Joseonjok (Korean Chinese who live in China) as mediators between newly arrived Korean entrepreneurs and Han Chinese migrant workers in the context of Qingdao, China. Based on archival analysis and ethnographic fieldwork, the paper demonstrates that the interactions and conflicts among Joseonjok (who are second- and third-generation transnational migrants), newcomer Korean entrepreneurs and Han Chinese migrant workers reflect the dynamics of geopolitics and the transnationalism process. The study found that Joseonjok’s mediating role diminished as Korean entrepreneurs and Han workers learned to adapt to each other, a development that prompted Joseonjok to consider other options.
Gate function based structure-aware convolution for scene semantic segmentation

The aim of scene semantic segmentation is to label each pixel with a class which it belongs to in high level cognition. State-of-art works mainly adapt convolutional neural networks originally designed for image classification to make dense prediction. However the inner structure of scene itself and its stuff is more flexible and variable, which is distinct from the objects in image classification task. Therefore we propose a gate function based structure-aware convolution for deep neural networks with the ability of modeling inner variance in scene. The gate function is a RNN-based learnable function or a handcrafted one, which is applied to distinguish efficient activations from convolution area. It is proved that dilated convolution is a subclass of gate function. As shown in our experiments on scene datasets, the proposed convolution method efficiently improves the accuracy of current semantic segmentation systems by partly replacing original networks' convolution layers with ours.
The effect of gender on foot anthropometrics in older people.

CONTEXT Some questions remain regarding the anthropometric differences between the feet of young men and women, but the gap is much greater when dealing with older adults. No studies were found concerning these differences in an exclusively older adult population, which makes it difficult to manufacture shoes based on the specific anthropometric measurements of the older adult population and according to gender differences. OBJECTIVE To identify differences between the anthropometric foot variables of older men and women. DESIGN Cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS 154 older women (69.0 ± 6.8 y) and 131 older men (69.0 ± 6.5 y). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The foot evaluations comprised the variables of width, perimeter, height, length, 1st and 5th metatarsophalangeal angles, the Arch Index (AI), and the Foot Posture Index (FPI). A data analysis was performed using t test and a post hoc power analysis. RESULTS Women showed significantly higher values for the width and perimeter of the toes, width of the metatarsal heads, and width of the heel and presented significantly lower values for the height of the dorsal foot after normalization of the data to foot length. The 1st and 5th metatarsophalangeal angles were smaller in the men. There were no differences between men and women with respect to AI and FPI. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the current study shows evidence of differences between some of the anthropometric foot variables of older men and women that must be taken into account for the manufacture of shoes for older adults.
Abused women report greater male partner risk and gender-based risk for HIV: findings from a community-based study with Hispanic women

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual risk in terms of safer sex behaviour and intent, individual and gender-based HIV risk factors, and male partner HIV risk, among a lower-income community-based sample of Hispanic women reporting a current male sexual partner. Baseline survey data on HIV-related behaviours and risk factors gathered from participants (N=170) of an HIV intervention evaluation study for Hispanic women were used for current analyses. Participants were age 18–36 years, predominantly born outside of the continental US (88.8%) and not English fluent (68.2%). Adjusted logistic regression analyses and 95% confidence intervals were conducted to assess the relationships between male-perpetrated IPV in the past three months and sexual risk variables. One-fifth (21.2%) of the sample reported male-perpetrated IPV in the past three months. Abused women were significantly more likely than those not abused in the past three months to report high STD/HIV risk perceptions (OR=3.02, 95% CI=1.33–6.88), gender-based risk including sexual control by male partners (OR=3.09, 95% CI=1.41–6.76) and male partner risk including male infidelity (OR=4.58, 95% CI=1.57–13.32). Results support the need for emphasis on IPV prevention within HIV prevention programmes and demonstrate the need for HIV prevention efforts directed at men with a history of IPV perpetration.