Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Economic Development and the World Bank

We contribute to the research stream examining the effects of World Bank lending programs on economic growth in developing economies. We contend that it is important to distinguish between the short-term effects and extended exposure of countries to these lending programs and also to assess the Bank’s (late 1990s) reforms to improve the effectiveness of these programs in recipient countries to assess whether program lending has any positive impacts on economic growth. Our comparative cross-national findings using instrumental variables analysis to control for endogeneity between program participation and economic growth demonstrate that both the short-term and longer exposure to program lending worsens economic growth. We find no evidence that World Bank reforms improved economic growth rates in the post-reform (1999–2009) period. Our findings are robust to changes in model specifications and estimation techniques. Future research should examine whether these reforms had beneficial impacts in other societal areas affected by program lending.
Motivations for sustaining urban farming participation

Farming in urban areas is recognised as a sustainable approach towards the provision of food and has increased in Malaysia over recent years. Nonetheless, sustaining the people's participation in urban farming is challenging. Despite numerous researches in the past on the types of motivations for urban farming participation, only a few of those researches have been on the motivations of urban farming participants in Malaysia. This paper reports on a research about the motivational factors for urban farming participation in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. A questionnaire survey was conducted, of which the respondents comprised 243 practitioners of urban farming in Selangor. The results revealed that physical and mental health and the environment were the motivations with the highest scores among urban farming practitioners. Further investigations are warranted to understand the influences of age, gender and race on urban farming motivations and to help sustain urban farming programs.
Research on Hybrid Neural Network in Intrusion Detection System

— This paper presents an intrusion detection system of hybrid neural network model based on RBF and Elman. It is used for anomaly detection and misuse detection. This model has the memory function . It can detect discrete and related aggressive behavior effectively. RBF network is a real-time pattern classifier, and Elman network achieves the memory ability for former event. Based on the hybrid model intrusion detection system uses DARPA data set to do test evaluation. It uses ROC curve to display the test result intuitively. After the experiment it proves this hybrid model intrusion detection system can effectively improve the detection rate, and reduce the rate of false alarm and fail.
Damage control surgery Concept

The Damage control surgery concept (DCS) consists of performing a staged surgery and allowing resuscitation in severe trauma patients who require surgical management. Initially, the DCS has been described in severe liver trauma associated with coagulopathy. Over time, Due to the observed advantages, the DSC approach has become standard practice for abdominal trauma with the extent to extra-abdominal trauma and acute abdominal emergencies. Currently, despite the widespread use by the surgical communities, the indications of DCS strategies have not been clearly defined in the absence of high data level and concerns have hence risen about the overuse and related adverse outcomes of DCS approach in surgical trauma patients. However, Advanced progress in trauma-resuscitation techniques have significantly improved the outcomes and reduced the requirement of DSC strategies in trauma injured patients. In sum, DCS remains an important strategy to surgically manage a specific cohort of patients. The continued research and development in trauma care particularly in patient resuscitation will likely lead to more further decreasing the DCS requirement in severe trauma patients.
Does Asymmetric Information Drive Herding? An Empirical Analysis

Abstract The authors explore the relative significance of information and its role in herding formation among investors. They investigate this relationship at 3 scales: the market, investor, and individual stock levels. At the aggregate market level, empirical evidence obtained suggests that a more transparent environment is likely to mitigate the extent of herding intensity, mainly as a result of a decay in non–information-based “intentional” herding. At the investor level, the authors find strong evidence of asymmetric herding between investors with heterogenous information (arbitragers and noise traders). Finally, at the stock individual level, the present results show a positive and statistically significant relationship between herding intensity and 5 firm-specific measures of information asymmetry.
Pharmapreneur – Defining a Framework for Entrepreneurship in Pharmacy Education

Objective. To determine the role of entrepreneurism within the broader missions of schools of pharmacy and develop an educational framework to produce pharmacist entrepreneurs. Methods. Following a systematic review and six semi-structured interviews, a three-round Delphi process was conducted with an expert panel comprised of successful entrepreneurs, pharmacy faculty members and administrators, students, and community members. Participants were asked about the role of entrepreneurship in a pharmacy school’s mission, how they would define a pharmacist entrepreneur, and to identify the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) expected to be successful as a pharmacist entrepreneur. A model for entrepreneur education was also developed in accordance with Bloom’s taxonomy. Participant agreement and rankings were reported. Results. Based on the semi-structured interviews and the results from the Delphi process, the following framework for a pharmacist entrepreneur was proposed along with a list of KSAs: identifies, creates, and pursues new opportunities; successfully implements new ideas into practice; is willing to take risks; fills unmet needs; creates new value through innovation; is responsive to change; makes sacrifices; includes social and intrapreneurship; leverages existing knowledge, skills, and resources; goes beyond traditional roles for pharmacists; and improves patient care. Recommendations for entrepreneurship instruction, guided by Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive processes, were created. Conclusion. According to our expert panel, a pharmacist entrepreneur combines several characteristics identified with a more traditional entrepreneur construct with the characteristics of an individual devoted to achieving outcomes beyond one’s personal gain. Additional research to inform implementation and assessment of entrepreneurship within pharmacy curricula would provide more specific guidance for instructional design and accreditation evaluations.
Working to help or helping to work? Work-overload and allocentrism as predictors of organizational citizenship behaviours

Abstract We tested the prediction that work-overload has differing relationships with organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) depending on who primarily benefits from such behaviour and the extent to which individuals are allocentric. The study builds on the job demand control model and research suggesting that although work-overload and OCBs seem unrelated, the relationship likely depends on other factors. We conceptualise these factors to be those that pressure individuals to engage in OCB. Tenured faculty (n = 300) from Sri Lanka completed measures administered in their primary language. Results indicated greater work-overload is associated with lower OCBI but higher OCBO and that allocentrism moderates the overload-OCBI relationship. Implications to employee wellbeing and OCB conceptualizations are discussed.
Geometrization of Newtonian Dynamics

Riemann’s principle “force equals geometry” provided the basis for Einstein’s General Relativity - the geometric theory of gravitation. In this paper, we follow this principle to derive the dynamics for any conservative force. We introduce the relativity of spacetime : an object lives in its own spacetime, whose geometry is determined by all of the forces affecting it. We also introduce the Generalized Principle of Inertia which unifies Newton’s first and second laws and states that: An inanimate object moves freely, that is, with zero acceleration, in its own spacetime. We derive the metric of an object’s spacetime in two ways. The first way uses conservation of energy to derive a Newtonian metric. We reveal a physical deficiency of this metric (responsible for the inability of Newtonian dynamics to account for relativistic behavior), and remove it. The dynamics defined by the corrected Newtonian metric leads to a new Relativistic Newtonian Dynamics (RND) for both massive objects and massless particles moving in any static, conservative force field, not necessarily gravitational. In the case of the gravitational field of a static, spherically symmetric mass distribution, this metric turns out to be the Schwarzschild metric. This dynamics reduces in the weak field, low velocity limit to classical Newtonian dynamics and also exactly reproduces the classical tests of General Relativity. In the second way, we obtain the RND metric directly, without first obtaining a Newtonian metric. Instead of conservation of energy, we use conservation of angular momentum, a carefully defined Newtonian limit and Tangherlini’s condition. The non-static case is handled by applying Lorentz covariance to the static case.
Curricular Agency: Contemplating Curriculum as a Process to Empower Teachers

Using the qualitative method of Educational Connoisseurship and Criticism (Eisner, 1991) and an interview structure based on the commonplaces (Schwab, 1969), this study involved working with four exemplary teacher educators to externalize their internal process of curricular decision-making. Contemplating their own curricula as a dynamic process rather than a finished product, the study identifies where in that process their curricular agency—their educational agency, and their human agency (Bandura, 2006)—is found. This operationalization of curricular agency within curricular theory provides an empowering perspective of teacher-centered education as a response to teacher burnout.
Meaning Violations, Religious/Spiritual Struggles, and Meaning in Life in the Face of Stressful Life Events

ABSTRACT Both meaning violations (i.e., discrepancies between individuals’ global meaning system and appraised meaning of events) and religious/spiritual (r/s) struggles (i.e., spiritual tensions often arising due to stressful life events) have been related to post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. While both constructs represent strain on an individual’s meaning system, their interrelations and their independent relationships with PTS symptoms are not well understood. The aim of the current study was to explore those relations and investigate whether a sense of meaning in life (MIL) attenuates the hypothesized links. One-hundred-eighty-nine college students (78.3% female) who could identify a stressful life event that they had not yet resolved completed self-report measures of PTS symptoms, r/s struggles, meaning violations, and MIL. First, bivariate Pearson correlations indicated that all facets of r/s struggle and goal- (but not belief) violations, were significantly and positively related to PTS symptoms. Further, the association between goal and belief violations and r/s struggles differed based on the specific facet of struggle measured. Second, multiple regression analysis showed that both r/s struggles and goal violations were independently associated with PTS symptoms. Third, moderation analyses demonstrated that a sense of MIL attenuated the association between goal violations and symptomatology but only buffered the correlates of low and medium levels of r/s struggle. Promoting people’s general sense of MIL thus seems to have the potential to buffer the negative sequelae of both goal violations and certain levels of r/s struggle.
OARS For personal use only . Do not distribute . Trifluoroiodomethane ( CF 3 I ) ( 2018 ) WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE LEVEL

Molecular Weight: 195/91 g/mol Physical State and Appearance: Colorless, odorless gas Conversion Factors: 1 mg/m3 = 0.12 ppm; 1 ppm = 8.01 mg/m3 Melting Point: -110 °C (-166 °F) Boiling Point: -22.5 °C (-8.5 °F) Vapor Pressure: 78.4 psia at 25 °C (77 °F) Vapor Density: 6.9 (Air = 1) Flammability Limits: Not flammable Flash Point: Not applicable Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable Density: 2.5485 g/cm3 at -78.5°C (-109.3 °F) Log Kow: Not available Solubility in Water: Slightly soluble Stability: Stable at normal temperatures and pressure, may form acid halides (e.g., hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen iodide) on decomposition Reactivity and Incompatibilities: Will not polymerize, incompatible with oxidizing materials III. USES
Growth Response of Dipterocarpus tuberculatusand Shorea roxburghiiSeedlingsto Astraeus odoratus

In this study, we investigated the effects of the highly prized ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mushroom, Astraeus odoratus , on the growth of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. and Shorea roxburghii G. Don seedlings. The two seedling species were inoculated using two methods: 1) spore suspension of 25 mL/seedling; and 2) hyphal suspension of 25 mL/seedling. On harvesting, it was found that 30-60% of the roots formed by the inoculated seedlings were ectomycorrhizal roots. Seedling development was influenced by the inoculation method and the host plant species. A higher growth response was observed in the S. roxburghii seedlings inoculated with A. odoratus compared to D. tuberculatus seedlings. Moreover, the non-inoculated S. roxburghii seedlings had a lower growth response than D. tuberculatus seedlings, but their growth response was significantly higher than D. tuberculatus seedlings inoculated with a spore or hyphal suspension of A. odoratus . However, there was no difference between the effects of the spore and hyphal suspension treatments. Therefore, both the inoculation methods can be used to enhance the growth of seedlings, especially that of S. roxburghii .
The Role of Strategic Planning and Flexibility in Shaping SMEs Market Orientation in Turbulence Business Environment

This study aims to investigate the impact of environmental turbulence, strategic planning and strategic flexibility toward market orientation. One hundred and eighty-six managers of Small and Medium Enterprises in Malang City, Indonesia were surveyed by using purposive sampling technique. Data was analysed by using Partial Least Squares. Internal environment has positive significant effects on both strategic planning and strategic flexibility. This study also found a significant effect of external environment on strategic flexibility and strategic planning. The study determined that strategic planning played an important role in mediating the effect of business performance on market orientation. The model is considered a comprehensive model because it was not only analysing important constructs namely external and internal environment, strategic planning and strategic flexibility, but also tested the interrelationships among these constructs in predicting market orientation. The study also provides empirical evident about the mediation role of strategic planning on the effect of external environment on market orientation and also on the mediating role of strategic planning on the relationship between internal environment on market orientation.
Soil Water Relations of Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Dryland and irrigated field experiments were established to measure differences in soil water relations throughout the growing season between plots in which cotton was grown with and without silverleaf nightshade interference. Soil moisture readings were taken weekly at 15-cm increments to a maximum depth of 120 and 150 cm during 1984 and 1985, respectively. When cotton was grown with silverleaf nightshade, soil water loss was greater at the lower portion of the soil profile earlier in the growing season than when cotton was grown alone. In the irrigated environment in 1985 when precipitation was higher than normal and the soil moisture content remained above normal, soil water loss did not differ. Cotton lint yield, plant height, and boll size reflected the amount of soil moisture available for growth and development of the crop. A statistical technique for quantifying soil water relations between the crop growing alone and growing with interference from the weed is demonstrated.
Prevalence of intestinal parasites among children 13-and-under residents in the indigenous land of Xakriabá, Brazil.

Introduction: This study reports the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in Xakriabá indigenous children living in the southeastern region of Brazil. Methodology: Stool samples of 2973 children 13-and-under were analyzed. Associations between environment factors and parasites were evaluated by multivariate Poisson regression model. Results: The prevalence of protozoa was high (Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 16.9%; Giardia duodenalis 18.4%), whereas that of helminthes was low (Schistosoma mansoni 1.2%; Hymenolepis nana 2.2%; hookworm 3.7%; Strongiloydes stercoralis 0.4%; Ascaris lumbricoides 0.4%; Enterobius vermicularis 1%). The risk of protozoan infection increased if the house was located in clay and rocky terrain; it decreased with increasing education of the mother and the presence of toilet in the house. Sex, clay-and-rocky terrain, dry-sump and toilet in the house were associated with prevalence of helminthes. Conclusion: The high prevalence of protozoa infection suggests contamination of water sources with feces, probably due to deficient sanitation and poor hygiene.
The Influence of Emigration on Tourism Outward Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from China

With the growth of economic globalization and international tourism, tourism outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has become a significant phenomenon in the development of the tourism industry. This article aims to estimate how emigration affects OFDI in tourism. It develops the theoretical framework of the effects of emigration on tourism OFDI, including the outbound tourism effect, the economic effect, the cultural effect, and the social effect. The empirical evidence in China reveals a significant effect of Chinese emigration on China’s tourism OFDI. However, this positive effect is found to decrease over time. This study also suggests that the level of development in the destination country, cultural distance, and geographical distance determine the size of this positive effect. Lastly, it was found that Chinese emigration has also had a positive effect on China’s OFDI in tourism to developed economies and neighboring economies.
An intergenic non-coding RNA promoter required for histone modifications in the human β-globin chromatin domain

Transcriptome analyses show a surprisingly large proportion of the mammalian genome is transcribed; much more than can be accounted for by genes and introns alone. Most of this transcription is non-coding in nature and arises from intergenic regions, often overlapping known protein-coding genes in sense or antisense orientation. The functional relevance of this widespread transcription is unknown. Here we characterize a promoter responsible for initiation of an intergenic transcript located approximately 3.3 kb and 10.7 kb upstream of the adult-specific human β-globin genes. Mutational analyses in β-YAC transgenic mice show that alteration of intergenic promoter activity results in ablation of H3K4 di- and tri-methylation and H3 hyperacetylation extending over a 30 kb region immediately downstream of the initiation site, containing the adult δ- and β-globin genes. This results in dramatically decreased expression of the adult genes through position effect variegation in which the vast majority of definitive erythroid cells harbor inactive adult globin genes. In contrast, expression of the neighboring ε- and γ-globin genes is completely normal in embryonic erythroid cells, indicating a developmentally specific variegation of the adult domain. Our results demonstrate a role for intergenic non-coding RNA transcription in the propagation of histone modifications over chromatin domains and epigenetic control of β-like globin gene transcription during development.
First Option for Fusion with CPA-Laser Pulses instead of Thermal Pressures with Dozens of Million Degrees Temperature for Laser-Boron-Fusion

To avoid the > 50 million degree temperatures in pressures for fusion, the goal has now been reached that higher pressures from picosecond CPA-laser pulses of more than 10 PW power can ignite nuclear fusion at modest temperatures in a power reactor for generating electricity. Gerard Mourou, who was honoured with the 2018 Physics Nobel Prize, was involved to solve this crucial problem of fusion energy with the reactor design as co-authors (Hora, H., Korn, G., Giuffrida, L., Margarone, D., Picciotto, A., Krasa, J., Jungwirth, K., Ullschmied, J., Lalousis, P., Eliezer, S., Miley, G. H., Moustaizis, S., and Mourou, G., Laser and Particle Beams 33, 2015: 607) using the CPA Chirped Pulse Amplification.