Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Physical Activity and Personality in the Subjective Wellbeing of Older Adults in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom

Subjective wellbeing (SWB) has been widely accepted as one of the most important elements of successful ageing. The present study explores the impact of two well-established correlates of SWB: physical activity and personality. Physical activity and each of the Big Five personality traits are consistent predictors of SWB, but there has been little research on whether certain personality traits enhance or hinder the psychological benefits of physical activity in older adults. This study examines the interactions of leisure-time physical activity and personality traits on SWB, and whether such interactions vary between older adults in Hong Kong (HK) and older adults in the United Kingdom (UK). Altogether, 349 participants (178 HK, 171 UK; 157 males, 192 female) aged 50 years or above (mean age = 61.84 ± 8.46 years old) completed an online assessment of: (1) leisure-time physical activity (Godin–Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire); (2) personality traits (Big Five Inventory); and (3) SWB (Satisfaction with Life Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). Results showed that agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, and physical activity were all significantly related to SWB in the expected direction. The relationship between physical activity and SWB was moderated by extraversion and by openness to experience: higher levels of these two traits significantly enhanced the relationship. None of the interactions varied between the HK and UK samples. The expected negative relationship between neuroticism and SWB, however, was significantly stronger in the UK sample than in the HK sample. The findings of the present study indicate that personality needs to be considered when promoting and providing physical activity for older adults, although more research is needed to further explore how this can work effectively.
Deep Learning Advances on Different 3D Data Representations: A Survey

3D data is a valuable asset in the field of computer vision as it provides rich information about the full geometry of sensed objects and scenes. With the recent availability of large 3D datasets and the increase in computational power, it is today possible to consider applying deep learning to learn specific tasks on 3D data such as segmentation, recognition and correspondence. Depending on the considered 3D data representation, different challenges may be foreseen in using existent deep learning architectures. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of various 3D data representations highlighting the difference between Euclidean and non-Euclidean ones. We also discuss how deep learning methods are applied on each representation, analyzing the challenges to overcome.
Aberrant Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial division presents in humans with variable outcomes

Abstract Mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial division, fusion and transport, are integral parts of mitochondrial and cellular function. DNM1L encodes dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), a member of the dynamin‐related protein family that is required for mitochondrial division. Several de novo mutations in DNM1L are associated with a range of disease states. Here we report the identification of five patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants of DNM1L, including two novel variants. Interestingly, all of the positions identified in these Drp1 variants are fully conserved among all members of the dynamin‐related protein family that are involved in membrane division and organelle division events. This work builds upon and expands the clinical spectrum associated with Drp1 variants in patients and their impact on mitochondrial division in model cells.
Multimodal Evaluation of Presumed Tuberculous Serpiginous-Like Choroiditis

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate multimodal imaging findings in longitudinal follow-up of a patient with presumed tuberculous serpiginous-like choroiditis (TB-SLC). Method: We evaluated multimodal imaging in a 62-year-old male with TB-SLC. Correlation between optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) at defined disease stages and evolution of observed imaging descriptors during long-term follow-up has not been previously reported. Results: OCTA of the active lesion demonstrated defined areas of choriocapillaris hypoperfusion, suggesting inflammatory vascular occlusive pathology. Over 9-month follow-up, OCTA illustrated sequential improvement in choriocapillaris flow, suggesting vascular remodeling. This correlated with progressive change in FAF signal and transition to diffuse hypoautofluorescence. SS-OCT demonstrated focal choroidal thickening and retinal pigment epithelium elevation in acute phase and resolution in time. Conclusion: Multimodal imaging, particularly novel non-invasive technologies such as OCTA and SS-OCT, improves our understanding of the pathogenesis and evolution of disease in TB-SLC.
Structural studies of the unusual metal-ion site of the GH124 endoglucanase from Ruminiclostridium thermocellum

The CAZY family GH124 endoglucanase from Ruminiclostridium thermocellum contains an unusual metal-ion site featuring a covalently modified ‘2-oxohistidine’ residue. Atomic resolution (∼1 Å) three-dimensional analyses, in conjunction with ITC and mass spectrometry, show that this metal site can accommodate a diverse array of transition metals, all of which confer a stabilizing effect on the enzyme.
Differentiable Processing of Objects, Associations, and Scenes within the Hippocampus

The hippocampus is known to be important for a range of cognitive functions, including episodic memory, spatial navigation, and thinking about the future. However, researchers have found it difficult to agree on the exact nature of this brain structure's contribution to cognition. Some theories emphasize the role of the hippocampus in associative processes. Another theory proposes that scene construction is its primary role. To directly compare these accounts of hippocampal function in human males and females, we devised a novel mental imagery paradigm where different tasks were closely matched for associative processing and mental construction, but either did or did not evoke scene representations, and we combined this with high-resolution functional MRI. The results were striking in showing that different parts of the hippocampus, along with distinct cortical regions, were recruited for scene construction or nonscene-evoking associative processing. The contrasting patterns of neural engagement could not be accounted for by differences in eye movements, mnemonic processing, or the phenomenology of mental imagery. These results inform conceptual debates in the field by showing that the hippocampus does not seem to favor one type of process over another; it is not a story of exclusivity. Rather, there may be different circuits within the hippocampus, each associated with different cortical inputs, which become engaged depending on the nature of the stimuli and the task at hand. Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of considering the hippocampus as a heterogeneous structure, and that a focus on characterizing how specific portions of the hippocampus interact with other brain regions may promote a better understanding of its role in cognition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The hippocampus is known to be important for a range of cognitive functions, including episodic memory, spatial navigation, and thinking about the future. However, researchers have found it difficult to agree on the exact nature of this brain structure's contribution to cognition. Here we used a novel mental imagery paradigm and high-resolution functional MRI to compare accounts of hippocampal function that emphasize associative processes with a theory that proposes scene construction as a primary role. The results were striking in showing that different parts of the hippocampus, along with distinct cortical regions, were recruited for scene construction or nonscene-evoking associative processing. We conclude that a greater emphasis on characterizing how specific portions of the hippocampus interact with other brain regions may promote a better understanding of its role in cognition.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Showing Persisting Reductions in Depressive Symptoms in HIV-Infected Rural Adults Following Brief Telephone-Administered Interpersonal Psychotherapy.

Background Rural areas account for 5% to 7% of all HIV infections in the USA, and rural people living with HIV (PLHIV) are 1.3 times more likely to receive a depression diagnosis than their urban counterparts. A previous analysis from our randomized clinical trial found that nine weekly sessions of telephone-administered interpersonal psychotherapy (tele-IPT) reduced depressive symptoms and interpersonal problems in rural PLHIV from preintervention through postintervention significantly more than standard care but did not increase perceived social support compared to standard care. Purpose To assess tele-IPT's enduring effects at 4- and 8-month follow-up in this cohort. Methods Tele-IPT's long-term depression treatment efficacy was assessed through Beck Depression Inventory self-administrations at 4 and 8 months. Using intention-to-treat and completer-only approaches, mixed models repeated measures, and Cohen's d assessed maintenance of acute treatment gains. Results Intention-to-treat analyses found fewer depressive symptoms in tele-IPT patients than standard care controls at 4 (d = .41; p < .06) and 8-month follow-up (d =.47; p < .05). Completer-only analyses found similar patterns, with larger effect sizes. Tele-IPT patients used crisis hotlines less frequently than standard care controls at postintervention and 4-month follow-up (ps < .05). Conclusions Tele-IPT provides longer term depression relief in depressed rural PLHIV. This is also the first controlled trial to find that IPT administered over the telephone provides long-term depressive symptom relief to any clinical population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02299453.
Two-dimensional Ising model for microarray hybridization: cooperative interactions between bound target molecules

Abstract The Langmuir adsorption model is widely used for description and quantification of microarray oligo-target hybridization. According to the model, the binding centers for adsorption of target molecules from solution are represented by oligo-probes. However, the Langmuir model does not consider the interactions between the targets adsorbed at the neighboring binding centers, which are possible due to high-density of array-bound probes. We have shown that the two-dimensional Ising model, which takes into account the nearest neighboring target molecules interactions, better describes the experimental data of oligo-target hybridization in comparison with the Langmuir model. Thus, we found an evidence for existence of positive cooperative interactions between adsorbed target molecules: so, binding of the first target molecules facilitates the binding of subsequent ones to the neighboring probes. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Independent impact of extent of coronary artery disease and percutaneous revascularisation on 30-day and one-year mortality after TAVI: a meta-analysis of adjusted observational results.

AIMS The impact of the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remains a matter of debate. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of CAD, of its severity and of PCI on mortality after TAVI. METHODS AND RESULTS All published studies evaluating the impact of CAD on 30-day and one-year mortality after TAVI at multivariable analysis were included. The primary endpoint was the impact of CAD severity (assessed with the SYNTAX score [SS]) on one-year mortality by pooling with logarithmic transformation results of multivariable adjusted effect estimates from each individual study. Secondary endpoints were the impact of the presence of CAD on 30-day and one-year mortality at multivariable analysis and the impact of residual SYNTAX score (rSS) on one-year mortality at multivariable analysis. A total of 8,334 patients with a median age of 81.3 (81-82) years and STS score of 6.2% (IQR 6.0-6.7) from 13 studies were included. Patients with an SS >22 showed higher one-year mortality at multivariable analysis (OR 1.71 [1.24-2.36]). The presence of CAD did not impact on 30-day and one-year mortality at multivariable analysis (respectively, OR 1.57 [0.71-3.46] and OR 1.25 [0.74-2.11]). Regarding PCI, patients with rSS <8 showed lower one-year mortality (OR 0.34 [0.012-0.93]). CONCLUSIONS The risk of death after TAVI is closely related to the complexity of CAD. Patients with an SS >22 present higher mortality. SS may represent a useful tool to select patients undergoing TAVI who could benefit from coronary revascularisation. In this regard, reaching an rSS <8 reduced one-year mortality. Randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
Structure-Aware Shape Synthesis

We propose a new procedure to guide training of a data-driven shape generative model using a structure-aware loss function. Complex 3D shapes often can be summarized using a coarsely defined structure which is consistent and robust across variety of observations. However, existing synthesis techniques do not account for structure during training, and thus often generate implausible and structurally unrealistic shapes. During training, we enforce structural constraints in order to enforce consistency and structure across the entire manifold. We propose a novel methodology for training 3D generative models that incorporates structural information into an end-to-end training pipeline.
Reply to Dr Ozden et al.

We thank S. Ozden and colleagues for their interest in our work. They raise two important points about the use of a molecular testing strategy on indeterminate thyroid liquid-based fine needle aspirates (LB-FNA) in routine practice, which is now part of the Bethesda International Guidelines (1). Their first point concerns the cost-effectivness of systematic molecular testing. Previous work from Balentine et al (2) concluded that lobectomy was less expensive than the Afirma test ($6.100 versus $9.400). To reduce the cost of testing, we proposed i) to use residual material from thyroid LBFNA to avoid an additional cost related to a dedicated sample and ii) to screen for only the main mutations by the high resolution melting approach (<$400). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Compiler-Compiler for DSL Embedding

In this paper, we present a framework to generate compilers for embedded domain-specific languages (EDSLs). This framework provides facilities to automatically generate the boilerplate code required for building DSL compilers on top of extensible optimizing compilers. We evaluate the practicality of our framework by demonstrating several use-cases successfully built with it.
Is it worth repairing rheumatic mitral valve disease in children? Long-term outcomes of an aggressive approach to rheumatic mitral valve repair compared to replacement in young patients.

OBJECTIVES Contemporary experience in mitral valve (MV) repair for children with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is limited, despite the potential advantages of repair over replacement. We reviewed our long-term outcomes of rheumatic MV repair and compared them with the outcomes of MV replacement in children with RHD. METHODS This study is a review of 419 children (≤18 years) with RHD who underwent primary isolated MV surgery between 1992 and 2015, which comprised MV repair (336 patients; 80.2%) and MV replacement (83 patients; 19.8%). The replacement group included mechanical MV replacements (MMVRs) (n = 69 patients; 16.5%) and bioprosthetic MV replacements (n = 14 patients; 3.3%). The mean age with standard deviation at the time of operation was 12.5 ± 3.5 (2-18) years. Mitral regurgitation (MR) was predominant in 390 (93.1%) patients, and 341 (81.4%) patients showed ≥3+ MR. The modified Carpentier reconstructive techniques were used for MV repair. RESULTS Overall early mortality was 1.7% (7 patients). The mean follow-up was 5.6 years (range 0-22.3 years; 94.7% complete). Survival of patients who underwent repair was 93.9% both at 10 and 20 years, which was superior than that of replacement (P < 0.001). Freedom from reoperation at 10 and 20 years after MV repair was 81.7% and 72.6%, respectively, compared to 83.2% for MV replacement (P = 0.580). Forty patients underwent reoperation after the initial surgery with no operative deaths. Mixed mitral lesion and postoperative residual MR (≥2+) were the predictors for reoperation in the repair group, whereas lower body surface area and usage of bioprosthesis were significant factors for the replacement group. Freedom from thrombotic, embolic and haemorrhagic events at 10 and 20 years for patients with repair was 98.2% compared to 90.1% in patients with replacement and 67.6% for patients with MMVR (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Twenty-three years of follow-up shows that MV repair is superior to MMVR in children with RHD. Hence, the rheumatic MV should be repaired when technically feasible to maximize the survival and reduce the valve-related morbidity with comparable durability to MMVR.
Development of a Photo-Crosslinking, Biodegradable GelMA/PEGDA Hydrogel for Guided Bone Regeneration Materials

Gelatin-based hydrogel, which mimics the natural dermal extracellular matrix, is a promising tissue engineering material. However, insufficient and uncontrollable mechanical and degradation properties remain the major obstacles for its application in medical bone regeneration material. Herein, we develop a facile but efficient strategy for a novel hydrogel as guided bone regeneration (GBR) material. In this study, methacrylic anhydride (MA) has been used to modify gelatin to obtain photo-crosslinkable methacrylated gelatin (GelMA). Moreover, the GelMA/PEGDA hydrogel was prepared by photo-crosslinking GelMA and PEGDA with photoinitiator I2959 under UV treatment. Compared with the GelMA hydrogel, the GelMA/PEGDA hydrogel exhibits several times stronger mechanical properties than pure GelMA hydrogel. The GelMA/PEGDA hydrogel shows a suitable degradation rate of more than 4 weeks, which is beneficial to implant in body. In vitro cell culture showed that osteoblast can adhere and proliferate on the surface of the hydrogel, indicating that the GelMA/PEGDA hydrogel had good cell viability and biocompatibility. Furthermore, by changing the quantities of GelMA, I2959, and PEGDA, the gelation time can be controlled easily to meet the requirement of its applications. In short, this study demonstrated that PEGDA enhanced the performance and extended the applications of GelMA hydrogels, turning the GelMA/PEGDA hydrogel into an excellent GBR material.
RADWAN: rate adaptive wide area network

Fiber optic cables connecting data centers are an expensive but important resource for large organizations. Their importance has driven a conservative deployment approach, with redundancy and reliability baked in at multiple layers. In this work, we take a more aggressive approach and argue for adapting the capacity of fiber optic links based on their signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We investigate this idea by analyzing the SNR of over 8,000 links in an optical backbone for a period of three years. We show that the capacity of 64% of 100 Gbps IP links can be augmented by at least 75 Gbps, leading to an overall capacity gain of over 134 Tbps. Moreover, adapting link capacity to a lower rate can prevent up to 25% of link failures. Our analysis shows that using the same links, we get higher capacity, better availability, and 32% lower cost per gigabit per second. To accomplish this, we propose RADWAN, a traffic engineering system that allows optical links to adapt their rate based on the observed SNR to achieve higher throughput and availability while minimizing the churn during capacity reconfigurations. We evaluate RADWAN using a testbed consisting of 1,540 km fiber with 16 amplifiers and attenuators. We then simulate the throughput gains of RADWAN at scale and compare them to the gains of state-of-the-art traffic engineering systems. Our data-driven simulations show that RADWAN improves the overall network throughput by 40% while also improving the average link availability.
Intersectional Escape: Older Women Elude Agentic Prescriptions More Than Older Men

Both older individuals and women are proscribed from engaging in power-related behaviors, with women proscribed from behaving agentically and older individuals expected to cede desirable resources through “Succession. ” However, little is known about whether these overlapping agency prescriptions equally target men and women across the lifespan. In seven studies, we find that older men face the strongest prescriptions to behave less agentically and cede resources, whereas older women are comparatively spared. We show that agency prescriptions more strongly target older men, compared to older women (Studies 1a, 1b, 2) and their younger counterparts (Studies 3 and 4) and examine social and economic consequences for agentic behavior in political, economic, and academic domains. We also find that older men garner more extreme (i.e., polarized) reactions due to their greater perceived resource threat (Studies 4-6). We conclude by discussing theoretical implications for diversity research and practical considerations for accommodating the fast-aging population.
Conscious Postural Control During Standing on Compliant Surface by Older Adults

Abstract This study examined the real-time objective measurement of conscious postural control (“reinvestment”) in older adults when standing on a compliant surface using electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence. Twenty-nine older adults participated in the study and their Alpha2 T3-Fz and Alpha2 T4-Fz EEG coherence during standing at three different positions on foam including wide-base standing on foam (WBF), narrow-base standing on foam (NBF) and tandem standing on foam (TAF) were measured. Participants were also required to respond to a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to determine their perceived task difficulty after each standing position. Three 2 × 3 (Groups[low reinvestor, high reinvestor] × Standing positions[WBF, NBF, TAF]) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were conducted to determine differences between high and low reinvestors in three standing positions (WBF, NBF, TAF) at the primary outcome measures. The main effects of standing positions at VAS and Alpah2 T3-Fz EEG coherence were discovered but without interaction. The results suggested that when standing task difficulty increased, older adults generally elevated their real-time conscious postural control together with perceived task difficulty. It implicates that Alpha2 T3-Fz EEG coherence can be considered as a real-time objective conscious postural control measurement during balance assessment and rehabilitation if further large-scale studies could find its discriminative power between high and low reinvestors.