Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dental Care Issues for African Immigrant Families of Preschoolers.

This article examines dental health issues for African immigrant families of preschoolers living in the United States. The study was done within the framework of narrative inquiry and ethnographic impressionism. Through personal interviews and questionnaire completion, 125 parents of children ages 3 to 5 answered questions about ways in which their cultures influenced their decisions concerning taking their preschool children to dentists for professional dental checkups and how often their children saw dentists. Results of the study showed low patronage by the immigrants at dental clinics. In particular, some of the preschoolers were denied professional dental health care (by their parents) because of the parents’ beliefs about dental health (such as there being no need for children to see a dentist because the children’s baby teeth would be replaced by permanent adult teeth). The article recommends the education of immigrant families on the need to seek professional assistance with dental health.
Factors associated with compliance to diabetes self-care behaviors and glycemic control among Kuwaiti people with type 2 diabetes

Title of Document: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLIANCE TO DIABETES SELFCARE BEHAVIORS AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL AMONG KUWAITI PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES Afnan A. Al-Ibrahim Master of Science 2012 Directed By: Robert T. Jackson, Ph.D., R.D. Professor Department of Nutrition and Food Science In this cross-sectional study, diabetes self-care behaviors, diabetes knowledge, attitude and satisfaction, dietary and lifestyle modifications, and barriers to diabetes self-care behaviors and diabetes self-management were assessed by a questionnaire. Biochemical and anthropometric measurements were extracted from patients’ medical records. Data collection through multi-stage stratified random sampling was obtained from eight primary healthcare centers in the Capital Region of Kuwait. The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%) among Kuwaiti type 2 diabetic patients was 78.8%. About 76% of patients were non-compliant and 24% were compliant to glycemic control. Fasting plasma glucose was the strongest discriminating variable that classified patients as compliant and non-compliant to glycemic control. About 59.3% of patients were classified as “poor” adherence to diabetes self-care behaviors. Diet had the strongest association with diabetes self-care behaviors scores (X = 234.3, P < 0.05). FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLIANCE TO DIABETES SELF-CARE BEHAVIORS AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL AMONG KUWAITI PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
LE CONSONANTI AFFRICATE: STRATEGIE DI ACQUISIZIONE IN ITALIANO L2

Il presente studio ha inteso verificare le strategie di acquisizione delle consonanti affricate italiane da parte di apprendenti albanesi, nigeriani e spagnoli. Un corpus di conversazioni orali semi-guidate e stato analizzato acusticamente mediante Praat. I risultati raccolti provano che la produzione delle affricate italiane non solleva particolari difficolta se i suoni sono gia presenti nella L1 dell’apprendente. Diversamente, se le affricate sono solo parzialmente rappresentate, o non lo sono affatto, l’apprendente mette in atto svariate strategie acquisizionali al fine di raggiungere il target fonologico della L2, come l’assimilazione, la fusione o la dissimilazione di categorie. I risultati emersi sono stati interpretati secondo i principi teorici postulati dallo Speech Learning Model. Affricate consonants: acquisition strategies in italian L2 The present study aims to investigate the acquisition of Italian affricate consonants by Albanian, Nigerian and Spanish learners. A corpus of semi-guided oral conversations was analyzed acoustically through Praat. The results collected prove that the production of Italian affricates does not present particular difficulties if the sounds are already present in the mother tongue of the learner. Otherwise, if affricates are only partially represented or absent, the learner activates different learning strategies in order to reach the phonological target of the L2, such as assimilation, fusion and category dissimilation. The findings were interpreted according to the theoretical principles postulated by the Speech Learning Model.
The Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) in the Republic of Ireland: Findings from 2008, 2010 and 2012

The research for this report was undertaken by the National Nutrition Surveillance Centre (NNSC), School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science. The report was commissioned by the Health Service Executive (HSE) and Department of Health. The prevalence of obesity in children is rapidly rising, leading to many serious consequences worldwide. In 2005, the World Health Organisation (WHO) Regional Office for Europe issued recommendations and guidelines for regular collection of data on weight, height, and waist and hip circumference in children worldwide in order to monitor prevalence trends of growth, overweight and obesity. The Department of Health and the Health Service Executive commissioned the National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, based at the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science in University College Dublin, to carry out this surveillance work in the Republic of Ireland. This report presents the findings from three waves of the WHO Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative survey in the Republic of Ireland in 2008, 2010 and 2012. In 2008, 163 randomly selected primary schools participated in this project and in the first round the protocol, as set out by the WHO for participating countries, was followed. The target age was children aged exactly 7 years. In the subsequent two waves, the same WHO protocol was followed and the same schools were contacted again and this time, as well as 7-year-olds, 9-year-olds were also selected for participation in the second round. In the third round, 7-year, 9-year, as well as 11-year-olds were included. This means that there are three cross-sectional surveys of 7-year-old children, two cross-sectional surveys of 9-year-olds and one cross-sectional comparison group of 7-, 9- and 11-year-old children. Using a unique identifier there are also two cohort groups of the same children followed on two separate occasions from ages 7 to 9 and ages 9 to 11, respectively. In this report, we also compare the data on 9-year-old children to the findings from the Growing Up in Ireland Cohort study.
Designed for Disease: The Link Between Local Food Environments and Obesity and Diabetes

People living in neighborhoods crowded with fast-food and convenience stores but relatively few grocery or produce outlets are at significantly higher risk of suffering from obesity and diabetes. The authors of this report correlated the responses of nearly 40,000 Californians surveyed in the 2005 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) with the Retail Food Environment Index (RFEI) to determine the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. The Retail Food Environment Index (RFEI) is a ratio of the total number of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores compared to grocery stores and produce vendors near a person's home. The authors found that Californians living in communities with many fast food restaurants ­ rather than grocery stores and other outlets providing more nutritious choices ­ were more likely to have diabetes and/or be obese. The authors also found that although low-income communities are often hit hardest by this phenomenon, the health correlation is seen across all geographic regions, income levels and ethnicities.
A cross-sectional survey of UK community pharmacists' views on continuing education and continuing professional development

Objectives: To investigate pharmacists' attitudes and approaches to continuing education (CE) and continuing professional development (CPD). Methods: A pre-piloted self-administered postal survey was distributed to all registered community pharmacists residing in the counties of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom (n=573). Repeat mailings were conducted after four weeks to non-responders. The survey was divided into five sections representing three themes: understanding of CE and CPD, extent of participation, and attitudes toward CPD. Results: Three-hundred and twelve surveys were received but 41 were unusable, leaving 271 to be analyzed; a usable response rate of 47%. Sixty-one per cent of respondents had a clear understanding of continuing education compared to just 21% (n=58) for CPD, although female respondents had a significantly better understanding of CPD. The Pharmaceutical Journal was the main source used by respondents for their CE/CPD needs. Over three quarters (78%, n=211) of respondents had conducted some CE/CPD in the last 12 months but only 32% completed 30 or more hours CE/CPD as advised by the professional body, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB). Locum pharmacists and proprietors were most likely not to have undertaken any CE/CPD. Competence reassessment was seen as the most appropriate way to address non-compliance with CPD when the RPSGB make it mandatory. Conclusion: There is considerable variation in current levels of understanding and participation in CE and CPD amongst UK community pharmacists that were sampled.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DENGAN KEJADIAN KECACINGAN Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) PADA PEKERJA GENTENG DI DESA KEDAWUNG KABUPATEN KEBUMEN JAWA TENGAH

Background : The prevalence of STH infection in informal sector workers in Indonesia is still high due to their lack of knowledge, their limited self awareness to wear safety equipment andtheir bad work environmental sanitation. Purpose : This research is aimed to know the relationship between the knowledge and the infection incident of worms STH in roof tile workers in Kedawung village, Kebumen Regency, Central Java. Materials and Method : Observational analytic with sectional cross analytic study was done to all roof tile workers in Kedawungvillage from January 2008 until March 2008. The number of the whole samples is forty people. Data about the knowledge and the workers’ self cleanliness practice were collected with observation and questionnaires. Workers’ feces were collected and then were checked using Kato-Katz method to know the STH infection. Result : This research showed that among forty workers, 22.5% of them were infected with STH in which 5 % of the infected workers were infected with Ascaris Lumbricoides and 17.5 % were infected with Trichuris Trichiura. By using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, then it was found p=0,037 (p < 0,05) that the relationship between knowledge and STH infection with number of prevalensi 4,31. Conclusion : The research showed that there was a meaningful relationship between the knowledge and STH infection in roof tile workers in Kedawung village, Kebumen regency, Central Java. Keywords : STH infection, knowledge
A Comparative Study of Clinical Profile of Acute St Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Young and Old Patients from Gandhinagar, Gujarat. -

Background: Heart disease is leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in elderly patients. Presentation is atypical in these patients and risk factors pattern differs. The aim of this study was comparison of clinical profile , risk factors, complications, infarct type, management and outcome in patients 60 years or older (elderly) with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction compared with those younger than 60years (young) at a Government hospital in Gandhinagar. Methods: This is a retrospective study of all new patients managed for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction in ICCU of GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat from January1, 2012 to December 31, 2013. Results: Male to female ratio was 5:1 and 1.9:1 in young and elderly respectively. Most common clinical feature was chest pain i (98.6% in young vs.92.5% in elderly), with more atypical symptoms like breathlessness (15%) in elderly. Most young patients (56.7% vs. 32.5%) reached hospital within 6 hours of symptoms onset. In both groups most common areas of infarction were anterior (52.9% youngvs.50% old). Most common risk factors were (smoking (47.4%) in young vs. hypertension (51%) in elderly), Congestive cardiac failure was most common complication in elderly (64.5% vs.51.2%). Most young were thrombolysed (85.2% vs. 65%) as compared to old. High in hospital mortality in elderly (22.5% vs.11.5%) than young patients. Conclusion: Acute ST elevation myocardial infarction is more subtle in the elderly, with high complications and mortality.
The impaired Th1 immune response of C3HeB/FeJ mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis: lessons learned from immunotherapy and vaccines

117 Introduction 118 Materials and Methods 120 Results 125 Discussion 132 Acknowledgements 136 References 136 Figures 140 CHAPTER 3: Thl CD4+ T cells induced by a DC-based vaccine do not protect against a subsequent L. amazonensis infection 149 Abstract 149 Introduction 150 Materials and Methods 152 Results 156 Discussion 158 Acknowledgements 161 References 161
Torque curves produced at the knee during isometric and isokinetic exercise.

: Torque curves recorded during knee extension and flexion at various speeds of isokinetic effort and at selected positions of isometric effort were studied to determine the amount of torque generated at selected speeds of motion, the point in the arc of motion where maximal torque output occurred, the relationship between isometric and isokinetic torques, the relative value of knee flexion and extension torques at various speeds, and the constancy of results in isokinetic testing. The isokinetic torques produced were less than isometric values and decreased as the rate of motion increased. Production of peak torque output occurred later in the arc of motion as the speed of contraction increased in extension. No significant change in the relative ability of the flexors and extensors was seen as a rate of motion increased. Isokinetic test-retest differences were similar at the rates of motion tested.
LOW VALUES OF BLOOD VISCOSITY AND ERYTHROCYTE AGGREGATION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER INCREASES IN BLOOD LACTATE DURING SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE

(Received 13.7.1993; accepted 23.8.1993) Trained sportsmen have low values of blood viscosity (TJb). In this study we tested the functional consequences of this reduction of TJb in 34 sportsmen submitted to a 25 min progressively increasing submaximal work load. A low resting TJb (measured at high shear rate with the MT90 viscometer) was associated to a lower increase in blood lactate during exercise (correlation of llb with: maximal lactate value: r==0.357 p 2.4 mPa.s (with this method) had higher lactate increase (p<0.01) and a deeper decrease in blood bicarbonate (p<0.001). RBC rigidity ('Tk' index) is increased proportionaly to lactate when lactate increases above 4 mmol.l-1. Another group of 21 professional footballers was studied during a maximal triangular work load until V02 max. In this group there was a correlation between maximal lactate response during the test and RBC aggregation (r=0.705 p<0.005). These results suggest that low whole blood viscosity at rest either (a) prevents from excessive lactate increase in this kind of exercise protocol; (b) or is a marker of trained persons characterized by metabolic/circulatory adaptations protecting against exercise-induced hyperlactatemia. In these experimental conditions lower RBC aggregation (within the normal range) seems to be also associated with fitness and lower lactate increase.
Impact of early interferon beta-1b treatment on disease evolution over five years in patients with a first event suggestive of multiple sclerosis

Background: TheBENEFITstudy(BEtaseron ® /BEtaferon ® inNewlyEmergingMS For Initial Treatment) was designed to evaluate the impact of early treatment initiationwithinterferonbeta-1b(IFNB-1b;Betaseron ® /Betaferon ® )inpatients withafirsteventsuggestiveofmultiplesclerosis(MS). Objective: Topresentthe5-yearresults. Methods: Intheplacebo-controlledphase,patientswererandomizedtoIFNB-1b 250 µg or placebo, subcutaneously every other day, for 2 years or until clinicallydefiniteMS(CDMS),ifearlier.Patientscouldthenenrollinafollow-up phase and were offered, but not required to take, IFNB-1b. Patients and physicians remained blinded to the initial treatment allocation. Patients initially randomized to IFNB-1b are defined as 'early-treatment' group and thoseinitiallyrandomizedtoplaceboas'delayedtreatment'. Primaryoutcome measuresincludedtimetoCDMSandtimetoconfirmeddisabilityprogression, measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Analyses were prospectively planned at 3 and 5 years using a predefined hierarchical statisticalanalysisplan. Results: Ofthe468patientsoriginallyrandomized(IFNB-1b:292,placebo:176), 358 (76%) were followed for 5 years. In line with the 3-year analysis, early treatment with IFNB-1b versus delayed treatment reduced the risk of developingCDMSby37%over5years( p=0.003),andledtoanoverall20% reductioninrelapserate( p=0.014)aswellasasignificantreductioninnew lesion formation. Early treatment reduced the risk of confirmed EDSS progressionby40%( p=0.0218)at3years;therespectiveriskreductionwas 24%after5years,notreachingstatisticalsignificance.Qualityofliferemained high and stable over time in both groups.At 5 years ( p=0.0045), patients in the early-treatment group performed better in the Paced Auditory Serial AdditionTest(PASAT). Conclusions: The5-yearresultsoftheBENEFITstudyprovidefurtherevidence supporting early initiation of treatment with IFNB-1b in patients with a first eventsuggestiveofMS. T2 lesions at screening (Q1, Q3) (7.0, 38.5) (7.5, 36.5) (7.0, 39.0) (8.0, 37.0) Median number of 00 00 Gd+ lesions at screening (Q1, Q3) (0.0, 1.0) (0.0, 1.0) (0.0, 1.0) (0.0, 1.0)
PERANAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR MAHASISWA

Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih menjadi sarana penting untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang lebih efektif dan efesien. Namun di balik itu menjadi tuntutan besar bagi para dosen/guru untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dalam menguasai teknologi dan media pembelajaran. Peranan media pembelajaran dalam proses belajar dan mengajar sangat penting dilaksanakan oleh para pendidik saat ini, karena peranan media pembelajaran dapat digunakan untuk menyalurkan pesan pengirim kepada penerima dan melalui media pembelajaran juga dapat membantu peserta didik untuk menjelaskan sesuatu yang disampaikan oleh pendidik. Oleh karena itu, dosen/guru dituntut untuk menggunakan media di dalam proses pembelajaran. Dengan demikian, melalui media pembelajaran dapat membuat proses belajar mengajar lebihefektif dan efesien serta terjalin hubungan baik antara guru dengan peserta didik. Selain itu, media dapat berperan untuk mengatasi kebosanan dalam belajar di kelas. Jadi media pembelajaran adalah salah satu metode dalam mengatasi segala macam persoalan dalam mengajar, bukan saja mengatasi persoalan, namun media pemberi pembelajaran memberi berbagai informasi yang koprehensip kepada peserata didik. Kata-kata kunci : media pembelajaran , minat belajar mahasiswa
Innovative Modeling of Outcome in Cardiac Surgery

markdownabstractIn the normal heart both left and right ventricle have a valve at the atrio-ventricular connection and at the ventriculo-arterial connection. In the left ventricle the inflow valve is the mitral valve and the outflow valve is the aortic valve. In the right ventricle the inflow valve is the tricuspid valve and the outflow valve is the pulmonary valve. These heart valves ascertain that blood only flows in one direction through the heart. The valves are made of strong, thin flaps of tissue, called leaflets. The valves control the blood flow through the heart by opening and closing the leaflets during the contractions of the heart. Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the heart valves do not work correctly because of valvular stenosis or valvular regurgitation, or a combination of the two. Valvular stenosis occurs when a heart valve doesn’t fully open due to stiff or fused leaflets or when a valve is congenitally too small. This limits the amount of blood that can flow through the valve. Valvular regurgitation, also known as valvular insufficiency, occurs when a valve does not close properly. This will lead to blood leaking back through the valve when it should be closed. All four heart valves can develop stenosis, regurgitation of a combination of both stenosis and regurgitation. In case heart valve disease is not treated, it can have negative impact on a person’s quality of life and may even become life-threatening. During the past decades, great advances in the surgical treatment of heart valves disease have been achieved. This thesis will focus on the surgical treatment of aortic and pulmonary valve disease.
Framing Class in the War on Drugs in northern Mexican Media: the cases of Bar Sabino Gordo and Casino Royale

El objetivo de este artículo es describir cómo y hasta qué punto los ataques a Bar Sabino Gordo y Casino Royale fueron enmarcados por los medios de comunicación del norte de México: El Norte y Milenio Diario. La teoría del framing se utiliza para contextualizar y discutir la forma en que se representaron estos eventos. Análisis del discurso y de contenido de 224 noticias producidas inmediatamente después de los ataques y poster a ellos se elaboró. Los resultados sugieren la idea de distinción de clase como un encuadre posterior del fenómeno de la guerra contra las drogas en México. Mientras que el evento en Casino Royale fue discutido intensamente por las noticias y la cantidad de imágenes fue mucho mayor, las noticias sobre Bar Sabino Gordo se publicaron principalmente en las portadas de los periódicos en cuestión. Las víctimas en Casino Royale casi no se mencionaron, la atención se concentró en la apropiación del sitio, mientras que las personas muertas y heridas en Bar Sabino Gordo fueron encuadradas comovíctimas de sus propias decisiones de estar allí.
IS THE FORECLOSURE CRISIS MAKING US SICK

This paper investigates the relationship between foreclosure activity at the zip code level, and the health of residents of the zip code. We use data from Arizona, Florida, and New Jersey, three states that have been hard hit by the foreclosure crisis. We combine foreclosure data for 2005 to 2009 from RealtyTrac with data on emergency room visits and hospital discharges. We find that the presence of Real Estate Owned (REO) properties in the neighborhood is associated with increases in medical visits for mental health (anxiety and suicide attempts); preventable conditions (such a hypertension); and with increases in a broad array of physical complaints that are plausibly stressrelated. The effects are much larger for blacks than for whites, consistent with the perception that African-Americans have been particularly hard hit.