Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A neural signature of anorexia nervosa in the ventral striatal reward system.

OBJECTIVE Animal studies assessing mechanisms of self-starvation under conditions of stress and diet suggest a pivotal role for the mesolimbic reward system in the maintenance of core symptoms in anorexia nervosa, which is corroborated by initial empirical evidence in human studies. The authors examined activity in the ventral striatal system in response to disease-specific stimuli in women with acute anorexia nervosa. METHOD Participants were 14 women with acute anorexia nervosa and 14 matched healthy comparison women who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during evaluation of visual stimuli depicting a female body with underweight, normal weight, and overweight canonical whole-body features according to standardized body mass indices. Participants were required to process each stimulus in a self-referring way. Ratings for each weight category were used as the control task. RESULTS Behaviorally, women with anorexia nervosa provided significantly higher positive ratings in response to underweight stimuli than in response to normal-weight stimuli, while healthy comparison women showed greater preference for normal-weight stimuli relative to underweight stimuli. Functionally, ventral striatal activity demonstrated a highly significant group-by-stimulus interaction for underweight and normal-weight stimuli. In women with anorexia nervosa, activation was higher during processing of underweight stimuli compared with normal-weight stimuli. The reverse pattern was observed in healthy comparison women. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with predictions in animal studies of the pivotal role of the human reward system in anorexia nervosa and thus support theories of starvation dependence in maintenance of the disorder.
Perceived Training Needs of Livestock Owners in Jammu District of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Exploratory study was conducted to assess the perceived training needs of livestock owners in Jammu District of Jammu and Kashmir. Multistage random sampling plan was followed for the selection of ultimate respondents. The data was collected from 120 livestock owners belonging to Marh, Akhnoor, Bhisnah and R.S. Pura blocks with the help of a structured interview schedule using personal interview technique. The findings of the study revealed that most of the farmers placed health-care at top at 1st place as the most needed area in training followed by breeding at 2nd place, feeding of animals at 3rd, general management at 4th marketing and finance at 5th and preparation and preservation of livestock products at last i.e. at 6th place. Most of the respondents (88.33%) perceived care of new born as most needed sub-area in general-management on 1 st place with a total score of 346, while as weaning was perceived as least needed. Urea treatment of straw Original Research Article Shahjar et al.; CJAST, 30(2): 1-9, 2018; Article no.CJAST. 44869 2 as most needed training area in sub-areas of feeding practices with a total score of 343, while time of feeding was perceived as least needed. Majority of the respondents perceived the identification of infertility problems as most needed sub-area in breeding on rank 1 st with a total score of 340, while artificial insemination was perceived as least needed. Zoonotic diseases and their transmission were felt most needed at 1 st place with a total score of 353, while first aid treatment was felt as least needed sub-area in health-care. Preparation and preservation of milk and milk products was perceived as most needed while preparation and preservation of meat and meat products was felt as least needed sub-area in the preparation and preservation of livestock products. Banking and insurance was perceived as most needed with a total score of 266 at 1 st place while as purchase of livestock and inputs was felt as least needed in the sub-area of marketing and finance.
An intelligent weather-based system to support optimal routing of power transmission lines

The recent increase in demand for power and the proliferation of remotely located renewable energy sources, have put pressure on electric power utilities to upgrade and expand their existing transmission infrastructure. Unfortunately, the construction of new power transmission lines is a costly and time consuming endeavour. In order to maximize the return on investment in the construction of new power transmission lines, this process should be supported by information on the climatological conditions in the planned area, and their effect on the power line operating conditions and ageing. This paper presents an intelligent system that supports the optimization of the line routing process using high-resolution meteorological data. The proposed system selects waypoint coordinates for the transmission line using an algorithm that attempts to minimize the line temperature by avoiding locations that are prone to cause temperature hot-spots. This, in turn, provides gains in additional transmission capacity when coupled with Dynamic Thermal Rating technology, allowing utility companies to increase the return on investment even further.
The liquidity buffer practices of public debt managers in OECD countries

This paper summarises and discusses results from a survey of the liquidity buffer practices of debt managers in OECD countries. It includes detailed information on their purpose, cost, level and investment. Where possible and relevant, comparisons are made with the results of an earlier survey conducted in 2011. Country case studies for Denmark, Portugal and Turkey provide a deeper insight into liquidity buffer practices. While the level, investment, transparency and other governance features vary, the survey results show that keeping a liquidity buffer is a common practice among debt management offices in OECD countries. Sovereign debt managers view a liquidity buffer as an effective tool to address re-financing risk and liquidity risk that may arise for reasons such as, unexpected increases in borrowing needs, short-term mismatches in fiscal cash flows or the temporary loss of market access.
Potential Immunotherapeutics for Immunosuppression in Sepsis

Sepsis is a syndrome characterized by systemic inflammatory responses to a severe infection. Acute hyper-inflammatory reactions in the acute phase of sepsis have been considered as a primary reason for organ dysfunction and mortality, and advances in emergency intervention and improved intensive care management have reduced mortalities in the early phase. However it has been recognized that increased deaths in the late phase still maintain sepsis mortality high worldwide. Patients recovered from early severe illness are unable to control immune system with sepsis-induced immunosuppression such as immunological tolerance, exhaustion and apoptosis, which make them vulnerable to nosocomial and opportunistic infections ultimately leading to threat to life. Based on strategies to reverse immunosuppression, recent developments in sepsis therapy are focused on molecules having immune enhancing activities. These efforts are focused on defining and revising the immunocompromised status associated with long-term mortality.
Establishment of human cancer cell clones with different characteristics: a model for screening chemopreventive agents.

BACKGROUND The present study was undertaken in order to establish phenotypically different cell clones from 10 parental lines of human breast (MCF-7 and T-47D), prostate (PC-3 and DU145), lung (A549 and A427), colon (HCT-116 and HT-29) and bladder (TCCSUP and T24) cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sublines were established from each of the parental lines by the limiting dilution method. The derived clones were characterized in terms of plating efficiency, cell proliferation rate, saturation density and colony formation efficiency in soft agar. RESULTS Phenotypically different cell clones were derived from each parental human cancer cell line, with many clones having more 'normal' characteristics than the parental line from which they were derived. CONCLUSION Phenotypically normal clones obtained through clonal selection from human cancer cell populations are expected to be a useful tool for the screening of cancer chemopreventive agents and the study of tumor progression.
SUDDEN ONSET DEAFNESS: TWO CASES ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY

Sudden onset sensorineural deafness is an otological emergency; subsequent recovery of hearing has been shown to correlate with early treatment. There have been few documented reports of this occurring in pregnancy, although the increased thrombogenic risk of the pregnant state is a proposed aetiological factor. The wide variation in outcome is demonstrated by these two cases, which are presented to raise awareness of this condition.
Phase III double-blind trial of arzoxifene compared with tamoxifen for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of arzoxifene with tamoxifen for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women with estrogen- or progesterone-receptor-positive breast cancer who had not received prior systemic therapy, or who had relapsed more than 12 months after stopping adjuvant hormonal therapy, were randomly assigned to receive 20 mg arzoxifene or 20 mg tamoxifen daily. Each treatment arm was to have 240 patients enrolled. The primary end point was progression-free survival. Secondary end points included other measures of tumor response, overall survival, and safety. RESULTS Enrollment was stopped when a planned interim analysis of the first 200 patients suggested arzoxifene to be significantly inferior to tamoxifen. The median progression-free survival for the 352 patients who had been randomly assigned when enrollment was stopped was 4.0 months (95% CI, 3.4 to 5.6 months) for the arzoxifene group and 7.5 months (95% CI, 5.9 to 8.8 months) for the tamoxifen group. On-study progression-free survival (P = .011) and time to treatment failure (P = .029) also favored tamoxifen. Overall tumor response rate and median response duration were comparable between the groups. Adverse events were similar between the treatments, except for nausea (more frequent with arzoxifene) and vaginal discharge (more frequent with tamoxifen). CONCLUSION Tamoxifen produced significantly longer progression-free survival and time to treatment failure compared with arzoxifene in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer. There were no significant differences between tumor response rate, clinical benefit rate, or median response duration.
Curvature and isocurvature perturbations in two-field inflation

We study cosmological perturbations in two-field inflation, allowing for non-standard kinetic terms. We calculate analytically the spectra of curvature and isocurvature modes at Hubble crossing, up to first order in the slow-roll parameters. We also compute numerically the evolution of the curvature and isocurvature modes from well within the Hubble radius until the end of inflation. We show explicitly for a few examples, including the recently proposed model of ‘roulette’ inflation, how isocurvature perturbations affect significantly the curvature perturbation between Hubble crossing and the end of inflation.
A community-based approach to evaluation of health outcomes and costs for telepsychiatry in a rural population: Preliminary results

A pilot trial was established to support visiting psychiatric services and local public and private practitioners through the use of videoconferencing. The purpose of the trial was to determine whether people in the community received better health-care with telemedicine. A community-based approach was used to evaluate health outcomes, costs, utilization, accessibility, quality and needs for such services in a rural community in Queensland. Over a two-year period data were collected from 124 subjects who met the criteria of having a mental health problem or mental disorder. Nine further subjects refused to participate in the study. Only 32 subjects used videoconferencing to receive mental health services. Preliminary results did not show any significant improvements in wellbeing or quality of life, although the time span was relatively short. However, the results confirmed that the people were no worse off from a consumer or a practitioner perspective from using videoconferencing. Most consumers found that videoconferencing with a psychiatrist moderately or greatly helped them in managing their treatment, with 98% of them preferring to be offered videoconferencing in combination with local services. Overall, videoconferencing is a crucial part of enhancing psychiatry services in rural areas. However, it is not necessarily cost-effective for all consumers, general practitioners, psychiatrists, or the public mental health service.
IgM: Mucosal response in acute diarrhoeal disease of infants

Objective. Investigating the secretory immune response during the acute phase of diarrhoeal disease is hampered by difficulty in collecting suitable control specimens. This is particularly the case in infants, as they are the most severely affected by this disease. In this study we examined the mucosal immunoglobulin response during the acute phase of diarrhoeal disease in infants. Material and methods. The intestinal outputs of secretory immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM) and non-secretory proteins (IgG, albumin, A1AT, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)) were measured in 14 African children with acute watery diarrhoea (less than 3 days). These data were compared with those of 38 controls from the same area who had undergone whole-gut lavage (WGL) (inducing non-pathogenic watery diarrhoea) in a previous study of intestinal immunity and inflammation. Intestinal secretion rates were measured by multiplying the concentration of the substances by the rate of administration of WGL fluid (equal to the output) or by the output of diarrhoea. Statistical comparison was made using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results. IgA output in subjects with diarrhoea was 1.8-fold greater (80.7 versus 45.6 mg/kg/day, p=0.03), whereas IgM output was 10-fold greater (21 versus 2.1 mg/kg/day, p=0.0001). Albumin, A1AT and IgG were all also greater to varying degrees (2.5–6.8-fold). ECP was unchanged. Increases in the non-secretory proteins would suggest increased permeability of the gastrointestinal tract but transudation of serum was insufficient to explain the rise in immunoglobulin output. Conclusions. The 10-fold increase in IgM secretion compared with a smaller relative increase in IgA suggests that this is the primary mucosal immune response in acute diarrhoeal disease.
Effects of Voluntary Locomotion and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide on the Dynamics of Single Dural Vessels in Awake Mice

The dura mater is a vascularized membrane surrounding the brain and is heavily innervated by sensory nerves. Our knowledge of the dural vasculature has been limited to pathological conditions, such as headaches, but little is known about the dural blood flow regulation during behavior. To better understand the dynamics of dural vessels during behavior, we used two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) to measure the diameter changes of single dural and pial vessels in the awake mouse during voluntary locomotion. Surprisingly, we found that voluntary locomotion drove the constriction of dural vessels, and the dynamics of these constrictions could be captured with a linear convolution model. Dural vessel constrictions did not mirror the large increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) during locomotion, indicating that dural vessel constriction was not caused passively by compression. To study how behaviorally driven dynamics of dural vessels might be altered in pathological states, we injected the vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which induces headache in humans. CGRP dilated dural, but not pial, vessels and significantly reduced spontaneous locomotion but did not block locomotion-induced constrictions in dural vessels. Sumatriptan, a drug commonly used to treat headaches, blocked the vascular and behavioral the effects of CGRP. These findings suggest that, in the awake animal, the diameters of dural vessels are regulated dynamically during behavior and during drug-induced pathological states. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT The vasculature of the dura has been implicated in the pathophysiology of headaches, but how individual dural vessels respond during behavior, both under normal conditions and after treatment with the headache-inducing peptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), is poorly understood. To address these issues, we imaged individual dural vessels in awake mice and found that dural vessels constricted during voluntary locomotion, and this constriction did not follow locomotion-induced intracranial pressure increases. CGRP injection caused baseline dural vessel dilation and reduced locomotion but did not block locomotion-induced constrictions of dural vessels or affect pial vessels. These novel findings reveal dynamic regulation of dural vessels that are distinct from those in cerebral blood vessels during both normal behavior and after dilation by CGRP.
Reliability of Police-Reported Information for Determining Crash and Injury Severity

Posted speed limit and police-reported injury codes are commonly used by researchers to approximate vehicle impact and occupant injury severity. In-depth crash investigations, however, produce more precise measures of crash and injury severity: change in velocity (delta-V) for crash severity and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores for injury severity. A comparison of data from police crash reports with that gathered by National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) investigators highlighted the inadequacy of speed limit and police injury codes as proxies for delta-V and AIS injury severity. In general, delta-V increased with speed limit and higher values of AIS were associated with higher police-coded injury severity, but there were a number of anomalies. In particular, 49% of the drivers coded by police as having incapacitating injuries actually had sustained no more than minor injuries. This overstatement of injury severity was less frequent among male (44%) and elderly (37%) drivers than among female (53%) and nonelderly (50%) drivers. Also, 79% of the investigated vehicles that crashed on roads posted at 60 mph (96 km/h) or higher experienced a delta-V less than 25 mph (40 km/h). Safety studies depending on data from only police reports to establish injury or crash severity therefore could produce erroneous results.
The impact of corporate image on students' satisfaction and loyalty

Over the last few years, institutional image has become an important element to the competitiveness of higher education institutions. The increase in the number of both public and private higher education institutions (HEI) in Malaysia has resulted in the industry becoming relatively very competitive. The situation calls for HEIs to focus on establishing a strong corporate image by improving students’ satisfaction and loyalty. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship between the students’ satisfaction and loyalty towards corporate image of UiTM Kuala Terengganu. A sample of 306 students was selected among undergraduate students at UiTM Kuala Terengganu. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple regressions were employed to achieve the objectives of the study. The findings of the study illustrate that, students’ satisfaction and loyalty were found to be significant drivers of the corporate image of UiTM Kuala Terengganu which students’ loyalty emerged as the main predictor. Research findings confirmed that the positive relationship between students’ satisfaction and loyalty towards corporate image of UiTM Kuala Terengganu. Indeed, a today’s University has to focus on stakeholder imperative as it found that students’ satisfaction and loyalty can give an impact to corporate image of this university. This will lead to building the corporate reputation of this institution. Based on these findings, implications and some recommendations are made for policy makers and also future studies.
Retinal patterning by Pax6‐dependent cell adhesion molecules

Long‐standing evidence gained from Pax6 mutant embryos pointed to an involvement of Pax6‐dependent cell adhesion molecules in patterning the central nervous system and, in particular, the retina. However, direct evidence for such pathways remained elusive. We here present direct evidence that knockdown of Pax6 expression by morpholino antisense molecules in Xenopus embryos and knockdown of maternal N‐cadherin (mNcad), N‐cadherin (Ncad) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) produce similar phenotypes. Eye formation is reduced and retinal lamination is heavily disorganized. In Pax6 knockdown embryos, the levels of mRNAs coding for these cell adhesion molecules are markedly reduced. Overexpression of Pax6 efficiently rescues the phenotype of Pax6 knockdown embryos and restores expression of these putative target genes. Rescue of Pax6‐deficiency by the putative target gene mNcad moderately rescues eye formation. The promoters of the genes coding for cell adhesion molecules contain several putative Pax6 binding sites, as determined by computer analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation shows that, in embryonic heads, Pax6 binds to promoter regions containing such predicted binding sites. Thus, several cell adhesion molecules are direct target genes of Pax6 and cooperate in retinal patterning. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 764–780, 2010
Solving interval type-2 fuzzy linear programming problem with a new ranking function method

In recent years, many researchers in the field of fuzzy mathematics and operations research in the world are interested to solve the interval type-2 fuzzy linear programming (IT2FLP) problems. In IT2FLP problems all parameters, including coefficients in objective function, coefficients in the constraints and right hand sides of the constraints are interval type-2 fuzzy numbers (IT2FN). Hence, the IT2FLP model is one of the most important and the most appropriate models to interpret and determine the optimal decision. In this paper, a new ranking function method is proposed for solving these problems. Moreover, an example is used to study and describe the proposed method.