Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of Highly Inbred Chicken Using RAPD-PCR and Immunocompetence

The data of G-5 generation of inbred and non-inbred populations of Dahlem Red were utilized in the present study. These populations were originally developed by a regular system of full sib and half sib mating for 5 successive generations. A random mated non-inbred population was also maintained. Consequently, 3 sub populations have been developed from the same base population, namely, a full sib mated group (FS), a half sib mated group (HS) and a non-inbred group (NB). The inbreeding coefficient in the G-5 generation in the FS group and HS groups was 67.2% and 44.9%, respectively. These three sub populations were subjected to PCR-RAPD analysis to observe the genetic distance and similarity between different subpopulations. A total of 41 random primers (decamers) were screened for RAPD analysis, out of which 21 primers amplified the genomic DNA, generated 128 to 4544 bp bands. The Mean Average Percentage Difference (MAPD) varied between 13.22 and 22.20. The MAPD was highest between FS and NB and lowest between HS and FS. The intra-population genetic similarity was highest in FS (0.7139) followed by HS (0.7095) and NB (0.7054) which indicated that FS subpopulation is most uniform. The FS and NB had maximum genetic distance (by both band sharing and band frequency) and FS and HS had lowest genetic distance. The immune response to SRBC was highest in NB group followed by FS and HS groups.
Measuring the persistence in innovation in Spanish manufacturing firms: empirical evidence using discrete-time duration models

This paper measures the level of persistence in innovation using a large representative sample of Spanish manufacturing firms for the period 1990–2008. We determine survival in innovation activities using discrete-time duration models, which control for some of the existing problems in the continuous-time duration models used in previous studies (namely, unobserved heterogeneity and the proportional hazards assumption). This paper examines the relationship between the firm-specific characteristics of technological regimes and the persistence measured by innovative spells at the firm level. The results show that high technological opportunities, patents, cumulativeness of learning based on previous experience and accumulated R&D, as well as the use of generic knowledge provided by universities enhance persistence in innovative activity.
Quantum Sized Zinc Oxide Immobilized on Bentonite Clay and Degradation of C.I. Acid Red 35 in Aqueous under Ultraviolet Light

Nano-ZnO supported on bentonite was prepared to form composite photocatalyst by sol-gel method. The photocatalyst was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). C.I. Acid Red 35 was used as simulating contaminant to be treated by ultraviolet light synergistic with nano-ZnO/bentonite. The results show that 5.7 nm ZnO particle was acquired and uniformly dispersed on the surface of the bentonite at calcination temperature of 200°C. The removal of C.I. Acid Red 35 could reach 84.9% after 200 min under optimum ZnO/bentonite dosage of 0.6 g L−1. The 60% ZnO content in ZnO/bentonite composite exhibited a great photocatalytic activity to treat C.I. Acid Red 35. The photocatalytic process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and the best apparent rate constant was 0.00927 min−1 with correlation coefficient (R2) of above 0.98.
The Term Structure of Equity Premia in an Affine Arbitrage-Free Model of Bond and Stock Market Dynamics

We estimate time-varying expected excess returns on the US stock market from 1983 to 2008 using a model that jointly captures the arbitrage-free dynamics of stock returns and nominal bond yields. The model nests the class of affine term structure (of interest rates) models. Stock returns and bond yields as well as risk premia are affine functions of the state variables: the dividend yield, two factors driving the one-period real interest rate and the rate of inflation. The model provides for each month the `term structure of equity premia', i.e. expected excess stock returns over various investment horizons. Model-implied equity premia decrease during the `dot-com' boom period, show an upward correction thereafter, and reach highest levels during the financial turmoil that started with the 2007 subprime crisis. Equity premia for longer-term investment horizons are less volatile than their short-term counterparts. JEL Classification: E43, G12
Maternal Coping with Baby Hospitalization at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

espanolResumen: Enfrentamiento son las acciones de autorregulacion de la emocion, de la cognicion, del comportamiento y de la orientacion motivacional en condiciones de estres. Este estudio analizo el proceso de enfrentamiento materno de la hospitalizacion de bebes prematuros y con bajo peso internados en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Fueron aplicados un cuestionario, una escala y una entrevista a 25 madres en tres momentos, del nacimiento hasta despues del alta hospitalaria. Los resultados mostraron que la primera visita materna a la UTIN tuvo gran impacto emocional. Un mayor numero de dias de internacion se correlaciono con la disminucion en la Delegacion. Y tras el alta, aumento la Busqueda de Soporte. Madres multiparas y que trabajaban fuera de casa presentaron mayor vulnerabilidad al estres. Predominaron respuestas adaptativas de enfrentamiento, incluso entre las dos madres cuyos bebes fallecieron, con la presencia de estrategias de Autoconfianza, mediadas por creencias religiosas. EnglishAbstract: Coping is defined by actions of self-regulation of emotions, cognitions, behaviors, and motivational orientation under stress. This study analyzed the maternal coping with hospitalization of premature and low birth weight infants at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), using the Motivational Theory of Coping. A questionnaire, a scale and an interview were applied to 25 mothers three times between birth and hospital discharge. The results showed that the mothers’ first visit to the NICU had strong emotional impact; longer hospitalization periods were linked to the decrease in Delegation coping strategies. There was more Support Seeking after the hospital discharge. Multiparous mothers and those who had a job appeared to be more vulnerable to stress. Predominantly adaptive coping responses were identified, even among two mothers whose babies had died, including Self-Reliance strategies, which were mediated by religious beliefs. portuguesResumo: O coping e definido por acoes de autorregulacao emocional, cognitiva, comportamental e motivacional sob condicoes de estresse. Este estudo analisou, segundo a Teoria Motivacional do Coping, o processo de enfrentamento materno da hospitalizacao de bebes prematuros e com baixo peso, internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Aplicou-se em 25 maes questionario, escala e entrevista, em tres momentos, do nascimento ate apos a alta hospitalar. Os resultados mostraram que a primeira visita materna a UTIN teve grande impacto emocional. Um maior numero de dias de internacao se correlacionou com a diminuicao no enfrentamento por Delegacao. E, apos a alta hospitalar, houve aumento na Busca de Suporte. Maes multiparas e aquelas que trabalhavam fora de casa apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade ao estresse. Houve predominio de respostas adaptativas de coping, mesmo entre as duas maes cujos bebes morreram, com a presenca de estrategias de Autoconfianca, mediadas por crencas religiosas.
Non-Traded Goods and Capital Flows to Developing Countries

We analyze the quantitative impact of the non-tradable sector and structural change on international capital flows. We argue that the allocation puzzle (Gourinchas and Jeanne (2013)) reflects the difference in the magnitudes rather than the direction of net capital flows predicted by the one sector model and those observed in the data. We show that the introduction of a non-tradable sector can reconcile much of the differences between the predictions of the model and the empirical observations, and account for as much as 54% of the allocation puzzle. Complementarity in consumption between tradable and non-tradable goods, as well as structural change, as measured by the movement of labor from agriculture and manufactures (tradable) to services (non-tradable), play a central role in accounting for the relatively low magnitudes of capital flows observed in the data.
Experience of the National Institute of Cancer Research in managing obtruccions of the gastric tract outlet and colon with self expanding metal stents (SEMS)

Objective: The objectives of this study were to study, learn from, and understand the experience in the use of self-expanding metal stents to manage malignant obstructions of the colon and to describe the demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics of patients at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) during the period from January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2012. Methods: This was an observational, descriptive, retrospective study of a series of cases that included patients with gastric tract or colon obstructions. Clinical characteristics, factors involved in the technical and clinical success of SEMS insertion, and the influence of these devices in morbidity and mortality are analyzed. Results: Ninety-six patients were included: seventy-three had duodenal SEMS and 23 had colorectal SEMS. The mean age of these patients was 63.7 years. Technical success for duodenal SEMS insertion was 97.2 % and clinical success was 93.1 %. Technical success and clinical suc- cess for colorectal SEMS were both 91.3%. Complications occurred in eight patients, three of whom required surgery. The average life expectancy after the procedure was 102 days for duodenal SEMS and 159 days for colorectal SESMS. No mortality secondary to procedures occurred. Conclusions: The insertion of a SEMS is a minimally invasive procedure that has proven to be an effective palliative treatment and an alternative for reducing ostomy complications and for reducing costs.
The Mechanics of Gross Moist Stability

The gross moist stability relates the net lateral outflow of moist entropy or moist static energy from an atmospheric convective region to some measure of the strength of the convection in that region. If the gross moist stability can be predicted as a function of the local environmental conditions, then it becomes the key element in understanding how convection is controlled by the large‐scale flow. This paper provides a guide to the various ways in which the gross moist stability is defined and the subtleties of its calculation from observations and models. Various theories for the determination of the gross moist stability are presented and its roles in current conceptual models for the tropical atmospheric circulation are analyzed. The possible effect of negative gross moist stability on the development and dynamics of tropical disturbances is currently of great interest.
Lifelong physical activity and long-term labor market outcomes

Kari, Jaana Lifelong physical activity and long-term labor market outcomes Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2018, 154 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Business and Economics ISSN 1457-1986; 184) ISBN 978-951-39-7325-4 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-7326-1 (PDF) This thesis examines the longitudinal associations between leisure-time physical activity, educational attainment, and labor market outcomes. Data are drawn from the ongoing longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, which is combined with register-based data from Statistics Finland. The thesis consists of four empirical studies organized in separate chapters. The study chapters are preceded by an introductory chapter presenting the background literature and an overview of the thesis, including the research questions, data, and main results. Chapter 2 analyzes the role of childhood physical activity in academic achievement and subsequent educational attainment. We find that physical activity level and an increase in physical activity level during childhood are positively related to grade point average at the end of compulsory basic education and years of post-compulsory education in adulthood. Chapter 3 examines the association between childhood physical activity and adulthood earnings. The results show that, among men, childhood physical activity is positively related to long-term earnings calculated over a 10-year period. Among women, no such clear relation is found. Chapter 4 further studies the relationship between childhood physical activity and long-term labor market outcomes by focusing on employment and unemployment. The results indicate that childhood physical activity is positively related to employment months and negatively related to unemployment months. As well, persistently active individuals have the highest employment levels and lowest unemployment levels compared with other activity groups. Chapter 5 scrutinizes the role of annual earnings in self-reported and objectively measured physical activity. The results suggest that higher incomes are associated with higher self-reported physical activity in both genders, whereas the results from the objective measures of physical activity are gender-specific and depend on the measurement day (weekday vs. weekend).
A critical humidity threshold for monsoon transitions

Monsoon systems around the world are governed by the so-called moisture-advection feedback. Here we show that, in a minimal conceptual model, this feedback implies a critical threshold with respect to the atmospheric specific humidity q o over the ocean adjacent to the monsoon region. If q o falls short of this critical value q o c , monsoon rainfall over land cannot be sustained. Such a case could occur if evaporation from the ocean was reduced, e.g. due to low sea surface temperatures. Within the restrictions of the conceptual model, we estimate q o c from present-day reanalysis data for four major monsoon systems, and demonstrate how this concept can help understand abrupt variations in monsoon strength on orbital timescales as found in proxy records.
Heavy metal incorporation in foraminiferal calcite: results from multi-element enrichment culture experiments with Ammonia tepida

Abstract. The incorporation of heavy metals into carbonate tests of the shallow water benthic foraminifer Ammonia tepida was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. Temperature, salinity, and pH of the culture solutions were kept constant throughout the duration of this experiment, while trace metal concentrations were varied. Concentrations of Ni, Cu, and Mn were set 5-, 10-, and 20 times higher than levels found in natural North Sea water; for reference, a control experiment with pure filtered natural North Sea water was also analysed. The concentrations of Cu and Ni from newly grown chambers were determined by means of both μ-synchrotron XRF and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS). The results of both independent analytical techniques agreed within the analytical uncertainty. In general, the concentration of the analysed elements in the tests increased in line with their concentration in the culture solutions. Potential toxic and/or chemical competition effects might have resulted in the decreased incorporation of Ni and Cu into the calcite of the specimens exposed to the highest elemental concentrations. Mn incorporation exhibited large variability in the experiment with the 20-fold increased element concentrations, potentially due to antagonistic effects with Cu. The partition coefficients of Cu and Ni were calculated to be 0.14 ± 0.02 and 1.0 ± 0.5, respectively, whereas the partition coefficient of Mn was estimated to be least 2.4. These partition coefficients now open the way for reconstructing past concentrations for these elements in sea water.
Quantum Quasi-Zeno Dynamics: Transitions mediated by frequent projective measurements near the Zeno regime

Frequent observation of a quantum system leads to quantum Zeno physics, where the system evolution is constrained to states commensurate with the measurement outcome. We show that, more generally, the system can evolve between such states through higher-order virtual processes that pass through states outside the measurement subspace. We derive effective Hamiltonians to describe this evolution, and the dependence on the time between measurements. We demonstrate application of this phenomena to prototypical quantum many-body system examples, spin chains and atoms in optical lattices, where it facilitates correlated dynamical effects.
Are Determinants of Portfolio Flows Always the Same? - South African Results from a Time Varying Parameter Var Model

The literature on determinants of cross-border capital flows has consistently assumed the determinants of such flows to be constant throughout the sample. This paper investigates this notion by estimating the time varying relationship between portfolio flows to South Africa and two widely accepted determinants of such flows: the sovereign spread and global risk (measured by the CBOE Volatility Index, henceforth VIX). The results show that the time variation is highly significant and a constant parameter model will give biased estimates of the effects of risk on capital flows. The paper also gives important insights to South African policy makers and financial practitioners: Bond flows (non-resident purchases of South African bonds) have become more sensitive to the VIX after 2010. Share flows were particularly sensitive at the peak of the 2008 global financial crisis, but have at other times not responded in a statistically significant manner to changes in global risk. The relationships are estimated using a time varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP VAR) model with stochastic volatility
Stability of Nonlinear Vibration in Cracked Concrete Structures

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures often experience cracking even at service loads. During their life span, cracks may be widened due to accidental man-made or natural loads such as truck collision and earthquake events. When cracks are wide and deep enough to cause appreciable softening, RC structures respond to dynamic loads in a nonlinear fashion even at the level of weak vibration. This softening sometimes results in the unstable vibration of the structures. In this paper, the test results of two RC beams are presented to study the transient and stationary properties of cracked structures under harmonic loads. Both deflection and acceleration transfer functions were obtained from a series of laboratory tests. Some phenomena associated with nonlinear vibration were observed during the tests and physical insights are given. The effect of additional dead weight on the nonlinear characteristics is investigated experimentally.
Nutrient cycling in the Atlantic basin: The evolution of nitrate isotope signatures in water masses

A basin‐wide transect of nitrate isotopes (δ15NNO3, δ18ONO3), across the UK GEOTRACES 40°S transect in the South Atlantic is presented. This data set is used to investigate Atlantic nutrient cycling and the communication pathways of nitrogen cycling processes in the global ocean. Intermediate waters formed in the subantarctic are enriched in δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 from partial utilization of nitrate by phytoplankton and distant denitrification processes, transporting heavy isotope signatures to the subtropical Atlantic. Water mass modification through the Atlantic is investigated by comparing data from 40°S (South Atlantic) and 30°N (North Atlantic). This reveals that nitrate in the upper intermediate waters is regenerated as it transits through the subtropical Atlantic, as evidenced by decreases in δ18ONO3. We document diazotrophy‐producing high N:P particle ratios (18–21:1) for remineralization, which is further confirmed by a decrease in δ15NNO3 through the subtropical Atlantic. These modifications influence the isotopic signatures of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) which is subsequently exported from the Atlantic to the Southern Ocean. This study reveals the dominance of recycling processes and diazotrophy on nitrate cycling in the Atlantic. These processes provide a source of low δ15NNO3 to the Southern Ocean via the NADW, to counteract enrichment in δ15NNO3 from water column denitrification in the Indo/Pacific basins. We hence identify the Southern Ocean as a key hub through which denitrification and N2 fixation communicate in the ocean through deepwater masses. Therefore, the balancing of the oceanic N budget and isotopic signatures require time scales of oceanic mixing.
Investigating the relationship between childhood maltreatment and alcohol misuse in a sample of Danish young adults: Exploring gender differences

Background This study examined the relationship between alcohol misuse and different types of childhood maltreatment in a sample of young adults while controlling for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and current mental disorders. This study further examined if these associations were different for males and females. Methods Data were collected from a Danish national study conducted by The Danish National Centre for Social Research in 2008 and 2009. A sample of 4718 young adults (24 years of age) was randomly selected using the total birth cohort of children born in 1984. Structured interviews were conducted with a response rate of 63%, equating to a total sample size of 2980 participants. Results Three types of child maltreatment were assessed; emotional abuse (N =263), sexual abuse (N=59), and multiple abuse (N=64) alongside a non-abused (N=2595) control group. Findings indicated the three maltreatment groups were all related to alcohol misuse. Maltreated women in particular had a 16-to-25-fold increased risk of alcohol misuse. For males these associations were attenuated with odds ratios (OR) ranging between 3 and 5 for emotional and multiple abuse groups. PTSD symptoms were associated with alcohol misuse for both genders, whilst current mental health disorder was non-significant for both males and females. Conclusion A significant relationship was found between the child maltreatment and alcohol misuse. This relationship was significantly stronger for maltreated women, which identifies a gap in the literature. High associations between maltreatment and alcohol misuse in females may suggest alcohol is used as a coping strategy following childhood maltreatment.