Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adolescent suicidality as seen in rural northeastern Uganda: prevalence and risk factors.

BACKGROUND Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. AIMS A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. METHODS A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3-19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10-19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. RESULTS Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%-7.9%). CONCLUSIONS Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.
Interaction of omeprazole with enteric-coated salicylate tablets.

OBJECTIVE Enteric-coated tablets are designed to resist gastric fluids and to disrupt and dissolve in the alkaline medium of the small intestine. Main objective of the present study was to investigate whether the increase in gastric pH due to omeprazole treatment alters the release rate of a drug from enteric-coated formulation. To this end, we have compared the single dose pharmacokinetics of a single-unit enteric-coated salicylate to that of uncoated acetylsalicylic acid tablets in the presence and absence of omeprazole treatment. METHODS Study was carried out according to 4 x 4 Latin square design. Eight healthy subjects received either uncoated acetylsalicylic acid tablets or single-unit enteric-coated sodium salicylate tablets alone or following 4 days of treatment with single-dose 20 mg omeprazole, and blood samples were collected for 24 hours. Serum salicylate levels were determined by the modified spectrophotometric method of Brodie et al. [1994]. RESULTS Salicylate was absorbed rapidly from uncoated tablets but absorption of salicylate from enteric-coated tablets was delayed, as expected. According to our results, omeprazole treatment did not influence the bioavailability from uncoated acetylsalicylic acid tablets but the absorption rate of salicylate from enteric-coated tablets was increased significantly. CONCLUSION Findings of the present study demonstrate that omeprazole treatment significantly increases the rate of absorption of single-unit enteric-coated medication. Enhanced rate of absorption is most probably due to an early disruption of enteric coating and the intragastric release of the drug secondary to an omeprazole-mediated increase in gastric pH. The results of the present study also corroborate previous findings which have demonstrated highly variable absorption of enteric-coated single units.
Causality between Natural Gas Prices and Stock Market Returns : Evidence From Emerging Markets

This study emprically examines the long-run relationship between stock prices and natural gas prices for Brazil, Russia, Turkey and South Africa using monthly data for the period from 1999:Q1 to 2014:Q2. The main finding of the paper is that that there is a unique long-term equilibrium relationship between natural gas prices, industrial production and stock prices in Brazil, Russia, South Africa and Turkey. According to the Granger causal relationship between stock returns, industrial production growth and natural gas price increase, As a result, increase in industrial production growth seem to impact at natural gas prices the first place and stock returns appears to affect industrial production growth in the short term. The results reveal that there is a unique long-term equilibrium relationship between natural gas prices, industrial production and stock prices in Brazil, Russia, Turkey and South Africa.
Market Orientation and Internationalization in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises

This article builds on studies from the literature on market orientation (MO) and internationalization to develop a model and a set of hypotheses regarding the relationships among MO, knowledge acquisition (KA), and market commitment (MC), and the direct and indirect effects of these variables on the performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in foreign markets. The model and its hypotheses are tested by means of an empirical study of a multi‐industry sample of Spanish SMEs operating in foreign markets. The results, obtained by structural equation modeling, indicate that a direct positive relationship exists between MO and a strategy of internationalization, and that the effect of MO on performance in foreign markets is moderated by KA and MC.
Commonality in Liquidity: A Global Perspective

Abstract We conduct a comprehensive study of commonality in liquidity using intraday spread and depth data from 47 stock exchanges. We find that firm-level changes in liquidity are significantly influenced by exchange-level changes across most of the world’s stock exchanges. Emerging Asian exchanges have exceptionally strong commonality, while those of Latin America exhibit little if any commonality. After documenting the pervasive role of commonality within individual exchanges, we examine commonality across exchanges. We find evidence of a distinct, global component in bid-ask spreads and depths. Local (exchange-level) sources of commonality represent roughly 39% of the firm’s total commonality in liquidity, while global sources contribute an additional 19%. We also investigate potential sources of exchange-level and global commonality. We show that commonality is driven by both domestic and U.S. macroeconomic announcements.
Perspectives on line managers in human resource management: Hilton International's UK hotels

Although contextual factors act to encourage the devolvement of human resource management to line managers, recent research indicates that there is substantial potential for human resource specialists and line managers to share more effectively responsibility for their organization's human resource activities in business partnerships. The foundation for this is arguably commonality in opinions on the principles and practices of human resource activities. However, line managers and human resource specialists often have dissonant opinions on human resource management. This paper explores line manager and human resource specialists' perspectives on line manager involvement in human resource management, theoretically and empirically. The primary work comprises a survey of the views of line managers and human resource specialists on devolving a range of human resource activities to line managers in a case organization, Hilton International's UK hotels. Differences between line managers' and human resource specialists' perspectives are found in five aspects: understanding and ownership of the company's service and HR strategy; line manager involvement in and rankings of HR activities; HR specialists' support of line managers; barriers to line managers' involvement in HR activities; and the competence of line managers in HR activities. Importantly, it is found that where there are divergent views across line managers and their HR specialist in their hotel there is poor hotel business performance and, conversely, convergent views are evident in the effectively performing hotels. These findings may have resonance for other organizations in devolving human resource management to the line and developing human resource business partnerships for business performance. It is proposed that three types of line manager buy-in are central to their active involvement in HR, namely: conceptual understanding of the rationale for their involvement; implementation effectiveness through HR role clarity and capability; and affective commitment in believing in the value of their involvement in HR.
Imaging of the Diabetic Foot Diagnostic Dilemmas

Multiple diagnostic imaging modalities are available and beneficial for the evaluation of the diabetic foot. There is not yet “one best test” for sorting out the diagnostic dilemmas commonly encountered. The differentiation of cellulitis alone from underlying osteomyelitis and the early detection of abscesses remain important diagnostic goals. Equally important, differentiation of osteomyelitis and neuroarthropathy remains a difficult job. This is often compounded by postoperative diabetic foot states status after reconstruction. Diagnostic evaluation often involves multiple studies that are complementary and that include conventional radiography, computed tomography, nuclear medicine scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and positron emission tomography.
Inducements, contributions, and fulfillment in new employee psychological contracts

This longitudinal study of newly hired Chinese college graduates (N = 143) investigates the effects of contract fulfillment, employee reports of company inducements (organizational support and job rewards), and supervisory reports of individual contributions (job performance and extra-role citizenship behavior) upon changes in the graduates' psychological contracts. Three survey waves were administered a year apart, starting with the recruits' job offer acceptance. Analyses revealed that employee fulfillment and perceived contributions predicted particular changes in employer psychological contract obligations, whereas employer fulfillment and perceived inducements predicted changes in employee obligations. The effects of inducements on employee obligation changes and contributions on employer obligation changes were mediated by their respective fulfillment measures. Changes in obligations were greater in the first year of employment than in the second. This study yields implications for managing newcomers and researching the initial phase of employment. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is the Convergence Party Over? Labour Productivity and the Technology Gap in Europe

Closing the technology gap to reduce labour productivity disparities across Europe is crucial for the European cohesion policy. This article explores the sources of labour productivity growth in Europe over the period 1993–2007 in light of the enlargement process. Labour productivity growth has been mostly driven by capital accumulation. New Member States have significantly reduced their inefficiency and their technology gap. Disparities in the levels of labour productivity are still substantial and, to a considerable extent, they can be attributed to technology gap differences. This raises concerns about the process of convergence in labour productivity in Europe and suggests further policies aimed at reducing the technology gap.
Engaging or Shaming? An Analysis of UN’s Naming and Shaming of Child Abusers in Armed Conflict

The impact of armed conflict on children has been recognized for some time as a major humanitarian problem. In 1999, the United Nations (UN) Security Council began taking up the abuse of children during armed conflict as a regular thematic issue. As part of the protective framework, the UN adopted a “strategy” of “naming and shaming” government forces and rebel groups recruiting, killing, maiming, raping or other sexual abusing of children during conflict. The philosophical justification of the public exposures is premised on the supposed stigmatic and deterrent effect on named and shamed offenders. However, little analysis has gone into the impact of this UN policy. This paper has the modest aim of assessing the UN’s naming and shaming practice since inception of the policy in 2002. The efficacy of shaming sanctions is contestable. The recent UN annual statistics on the exposed parties do not seem to evince a convincing causal link between of naming and shaming and adherence to international humanitarian law and international human rights law, particularly among armed non-State groups (ANSAs) so far. Naming and shaming represents an antagonistic modus operandi. This paper argues that humanitarian engagement with ANSAs offers a non-confrontational and corrective approach and thus greater promise for compliance and protection of children during armed conflict than naming and shaming.
Arbitrage Opportunities in The Australian Share Price Index Futures Contract

This study examines the pricing behaviour of share price index futures contracts traded on the Australian market. Particularly, we investigate the relationship between futures prices and the no-arbitrage price predicted by the current spot prices. Consistent with similar studies of U.S. markets, we find that the observed share price index futures prices differ from those predicted by the no-arbitrage prices, but that the size and sign of this difference is not constant across the contracts or across the time period included in our sample. The explanations suggested in the literature for the existence of these price differences are predominantly institutional in nature. These include differential tax treatment, short selling constraints, thin trading and transaction costs. We find that these explanations do not appear to be capable of explaining the size or sign of the pricing differences we observe.
A blueprint for success in the US film industry

This article analyses motion picture box-office gross revenue using a cross-section of films from 1997 to 2001. The dependent variable is total domestic box-office revenue. The independent variables investigated include: production budget; peak number of screens that the film was shown on in theaters; Consumer price index for movie tickets; personal income; season and year of the release in theaters; a measure of pre-existing audience; aggregate critic rating; MPAA rating; genre; word-of-mouth recommendation; the presence of popular stars and the award nominations. A distinction is made in the analysis between information available to the public prior to the release of the film in theaters (ex ante) and information available to the public after the film opens in theaters (ex post). Results for the ex ante ordinary least squares (OLS) regression reveal positive impacts of budget, summer and holiday release dates, critical reviews, sequels and several genres on gross revenue. Significant, positive determinants in the ex post OLS regressions include budget, the peak number of screens, sequels, critical reviews, summer and holiday releases, word-of-mouth, award nominations and star power.
Internal/Employee Communication and Organizational Effectiveness: a study of Chinese corporations in transition

This study has probed into the insights of possible contributions to the overall organizational effectiveness that internal/employee communication may render, and also identified possible key factors that communication effects may hinge on. The result of this study reveals that the relationship between internal/employee communication and corporate effectiveness is more significant than what has previously been assumed. This study thereby suggests that as Chinese corporations prepare themselves to become viable ‘game players’ in the new world economy, sufficient attention must be paid to improving internal/employee communication. This study has also tested James Grunig's ‘Excellence Theory’ against Chinese corporations' move toward communication excellence in recent years. Closely examining Chinese corporations' communication structure and operation, this study has found that the integration of employee/internal communication into managerial structure and practice holds as one of the keys, proposing that corporate communicators shall become part of the organization's dominant coalition so as to insure communication excellence, leading up to overall organizational effectiveness.
How do civil servants view the importance of collaboration and scientific knowledge for climate change adaptation?

Successfully navigating the complex challenges posed by wicked environmental problems requires that inter- and intra-organisational policy networks share information, integrate knowledge and collaborate in decision-making processes. However, within government, the hierarchical and mechanistic design of bureaucratic agencies is often not well suited to this task. As a result, governments have increasingly implemented mechanisms encouraging interagency collaboration to better address complex environmental governance challenges, an example being climate change adaptation. In this article, we take an ‘inside look’ at how civil servants, working in the government agencies responsible for progressing climate change adaptation strategies, view collaboration and draw on science-based knowledge to inform decision-making. Focusing on civil servants in agencies from the states of Victoria, Australia, and New York, the USA, and the province of British Columbia, Canada, the results show variation across jurisdictions in terms of the collaborative mechanisms used. However, respondents in all three jurisdictions reported remarkably consistent views on the importance of collaboration and scientific knowledge to their role. Overall, our results suggest a gap exists between the motivation of civil servants to collaborate and draw on scientific information and their capacity/ability to do so, pointing to potential institutional and systemic barriers that require further research.
Social Investment: New Investment Approaches for Addressing Social and Economic Challenges

This paper aims to provide an introduction and overview about the social investment market for OECD member countries. Social investment is becoming increasingly important as a way to address both social and economic challenges. Several OECD member countries have been active in creating policies and support mechanisms for social investment. This paper seeks to provide background information on social investment, demonstrate how the market is evolving and highlight the role that policy makers can play in facilitating the development of the market.
Are Older Workers Less Productive? A Case Study of Aged Care Workers in Australia

Employers are reluctant to employ older workers. Is this because they are less productive than equivalent younger workers? This paper uses data from a 2007 census of residential aged care homes in Australia to examine the productivity differentials of workers at different ages. We estimate production functions that take into account the age profile of the workforce in each aged care residential facility. We find that for the facilities having high care residents only, the productivity of nurses, whose work is more demanding of specialist knowledge, keeps increasing with age while the rate of increase declines after age 50. In contrast, the productivity of carers, whose work is more demanding of physical capacity, is highest in middle age. The facilities with low care residents only provide a much lower level of services because their residents are less frail and more independent. In this case, none of the coefficients regarding the impacts of age on productivity is statistically significant – suggesting that older workers are good substitutes for younger ones.
Toward a Neural-Symbolic Sigma: Introducing Neural Network Learning

Building on earlier work extending Sigma’s mixed (symbols + probabilities) graphical band to inference in feedforward neural networks, two forms of neural network learning – target propagation and backpropagation – are introduced, bringing Sigma closer to a full neural-symbolic architecture. Adapting Sigma’s reinforcement learning (RL) capability to use neural networks in policy learning then yields a hybrid form of neural RL with probabilistic action modeling.
CAREER STAGE, ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR

Changing workforce demographics and an increasingly competitive environment for employee retention has resulted in increased interest in careers and organisational behaviour. The current study explores the affects of both age and tenure upon organisational commitment and Organisational Citizenship Behaviours (OCB). Using a sample of 220 Monash University Alumni it was found that age does not significantly affect organisational commitment. However, age does influence the amount an employee will engage in OCB. No significant relationship was found between tenure and organisational commitment or OCB. It is proposed that new career theories (i.e. boundaryless and protean) may explain these results. This paper was presented to the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 17 th
Correlation of visfatin levels and lipoprotein lipid profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing ovarian stimulation

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine serum and follicular fluid (FF) visfatin levels in age and weight-matched women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normally ovulating subjects undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation and correlate them with their lipid and lipoprotein levels. We included 80 PCOS women (40 lean and 40 overweight) and 80 age- and weight-matched controls, enrolled in the IVF program. In PCOS women, we determined significantly increased serum and FF visfatin as well as serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a) and homocysteine, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were significantly lower compared to controls. Serum visfatin levels positively correlated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a) and homocysteine levels and negatively with apolipoprotein A1. FF visfatin levels positively correlated with triglycerides and homocysteine and negatively with apolipoprotein A1. Dyslipidemia is common in reproductive age women with PCOS exposing them to risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, the detailed role of visfatin on lipoprotein lipid profile awaits further clarification through future investigation.
Are oxocarbon dianions aromatic?

Assessment of the cyclic electron delocalization of the oxocarbon dianions, C(n)()O(n)()(2)(-) and their neutral counterparts C(n)()O(n)() (n = 3-6), by means of structural, energetic, and magnetic criteria, shows that C(3)O(3)(2)(-) is doubly aromatic (both sigma and pi cyclic electron delocalization), C(4)O(4)(2)(-) is moderately aromatic, but C(5)O(5)(2)(-), as well as C(6)O(6)(2)(-), are less so. Localized orbital contributions, computed by the individual gauge for localized orbitals method (IGLO), to the nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) allow pi effects to be disected from the sigma single bonds and other influences. The C-C(pi) contribution to (NICS(0,pi) (i.e., at the center of the ring) in oxocarbon dianions decreases with ring size but shows little ring size effect at points 1.0 A above the ring. On the basis of the same criteria, C(4)O(4) exhibits cyclic electron delocalization due to partial occupancy of the sigma CC bonds. However, the dissociation energies of all the neutral oxocarbons, C(n)()O(n)(), are highly exothermic.