Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of driver's cognitive responses from EEG analysis

During the past years, the growing number of traffic fatalities has become an important issue in public security. In this paper, we develop a quantitative analysis for ongoing assessment of cognitive response by investigating the neurobiological brain dynamics in traffic-light experiments. A single-trial event-related-potential (ERP)-based fuzzy neural network (FNN) is applied to recognize different brain potentials stimulated by red/green/yellow traffic-light events. The system consists of a dynamic virtual-reality (VR)-based motion simulation platform, EEG signal detection and analysis units, and FNN-based classifier. ICA algorithms are used to obtain noise-free ERP signals from the multi-channel EEG signals. A novel temporal filter is also proposed to solve time-alignment problems of ERP features and PCA is used to reduce feature dimensions, which were then fed into a FNN classifier. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of detecting and analyzing multiple streams of ERP signals that organize operators' cognitive responses to task events. Comparisons of three kinds of linear and nonlinear classifiers show that our proposed FNN-based classifier can achieve a satisfactory and superior recognition rate (85%). The classification results can be further transformed as the control/biofeedback signals of intelligent driving systems.
Traffic Offloading in Heterogeneous Networks With Energy Harvesting Personal Cells-Network Throughput and Energy Efficiency

This work develops a tractable model to analyze the performance of downlink heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with both power-grid-connected base stations (PG-BSs) and energy harvesting small cell access points (EH-SAPs). Each EH-SAP forms a personal cell that is active (and is available to serve others) only when its own priority user requests service and its battery contains sufficient energy to transmit. By modeling the battery dynamics of an EH-SAP as a discrete-time Markov chain and by considering a practical power consumption model, the rate coverage, network throughput, and energy efficiency are derived as functions of the PG-BS and EH-SAP densities, transmission powers, cell association biases, and energy harvesting capabilities. Cell association biases control the traffic load among different tiers and transmission powers affect EH-SAPs' probability of being active. Exact expressions of the performance metrics are first derived for the general multitier scenario and are then used to obtain approximate closed-form expressions for two-tier networks using the mean load approximation. The analytic results of the two-tier network provide valuable insights on the achievable performance and the choice of system parameters, and are further validated with numerical results.
Actuator and Sensor Fault Estimation for Time-Delay Markov Jump Systems With Application to Wheeled Mobile Manipulators

In this paper, fault and state estimation issue for wheeled mobile manipulators with time delay, using a novel sliding mode observer (SMO) approach has been discussed. It is well-known that the traditional SMO method, i.e., the equivalent output error injection technique cannot be simply employed to Markov jump systems (MJSs) to estimate actuator faults. In this paper, we propose a novel SMO to reconstruct the actuator and sensor faults for MJSs with time delay. First, we decouple the actuator faults from the first subsystem by utilizing coordinate transformation technique. Then, construct an augmented plant for the new system and propose a novel reduced-order SMO. By the proposed novel SMO, the state and fault can be reconstructed simultaneously. Finally, an illustrative wheeled mobile manipulator example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Freshmen Program Withdrawal: Types and Recommendations

University program dropout is a problem that has important consequences not only for the student that leaves but also for the institution in which the withdrawal occurs. Therefore, higher education institutions must study the problem in greater depth to establish appropriate prevention measures in the future. However, most research papers currently focus primarily on the characteristics of students who leave university, rather than on those who choose to pursue alternative courses of study and therefore fail to take into account the different kinds of abandonment. The aim of this paper is to identify the different types of dropout to define their characteristics and propose some recommendations. Thus, an ex post facto study was carried out on a sample of 1,311 freshmen from a university in the north of Spain using data gathered using an ad-hoc designed questionnaire, applied by telephone or an online survey, and completed with data available in the university data warehouse. A descriptive analysis was performed to characterize the sample and identify five different groups, including 1. Students persisting in their initiated degree 2. Students who change of program (within the same university) 3. Students transferring to a different university 4. Students enrolling in non-higher-education studies 5. Students that quit studying. Also, data mining techniques (decision trees) were applied to classify the cases and generate predictive models to aid in the design of differentiated intervention strategies for each of the corresponding groups.
A cross sectional study to assess the morbidity pattern among under five year old children in urban Chitradurga, South India

Background: Children under 5 years of age constitute approximately 15% of the country’s total population. First 1000 days of life is the most crucial period, as this age is known for high growth rate and development. They constitute most vulnerable section of the society and suffer from highest morbidity. Good personal hygiene and sanitary condition of living now forms a part of primary health prevention strategy and it is found to be effective for reducing morbidity and mortality in children.Methods: It’s a community based cross sectional study among 150 children of less than five years of age for a period of 4 months from November 2018 to February 2019 in the urban field practice area of Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga.Results: In our present study we found respiratory tract infection is the predominant ailment followed by gastrointestinal clinical features accounting for 39% and 33% respectively. Though the factors like birth weight, immunisation of majority of population were fair but in later years of life found that weight for height was not achieved as per standard protocol among major of the study population.Conclusions: By health education for the caretaker regarding mother-crafting and satisfactory environmental condition can reduce the prevalence of morbidity.
Norepinephrine Contributes to Enterocyte Damage in Septic Shock Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objectives: In septic patients, both systemic inflammation and splanchnic hypoperfusion may cause enterocyte damage. Catecholamines may exert additional detrimental effects on mesenteric blood flow in these patients, and thereby contribute to this damage. Enterocyte damage itself results in impairment of gut barrier function and consequent translocation of bacteria/toxins. This may contribute to multiple organ failure and death by sustaining or amplifying the systemic inflammatory response. The aim of the study was 2-fold: to investigate which factors contribute to enterocyte damage in septic patients, and to assess whether enterocyte damage is associated with a sustained or amplified systemic inflammatory response. Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study in 129 patients with septic shock admitted to the ICU, we serially measured plasma levels of Intestinal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (I-FABP, a marker for enterocyte damage) and of cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-&agr;, Interferon (IFN)-y, Interleukin (IL)-1&bgr;, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (RA), and IL-10. Clinical data were collected from electronic patient files. Results: A total of 129 patients were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 67 years [56–74]. The median norepinephrine infusion rate was 0.2 &mgr;g/kg/min [0.1–0.5]. Overall, 28-day mortality was 31 (24%). Similar to previous work, I-FABP levels at admission were independently associated with mortality (odds ratio 3.101 [1.138–8.448]). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and an increase in norepinephrine infusion rate between days 1 and 3 were independently associated with area under curve I-FABP levels, whereas mean arterial pressure and creatinine levels were not. No correlations were found between any of the measured cytokines and plasma I-FABP levels. Furthermore, high I-FABP levels were not related with the subsequent course of cytokine levels. Conclusions: In patients with septic shock, norepinephrine use is associated with more enterocyte damage. Although enterocyte damage is associated with increased 28-day mortality, it is not associated with a sustained or amplified systemic inflammatory response.
Relation between anxiety and depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence

Current research indicates that there is a strong relationship between pediatric anxiety disorders and depression. Assessment measures show high rates of correlation between depression and anxiety and much of the overlap may be related to a common domain of negative affectivity. Anxious youth and depressed youth share a cognitive style marked by a negative bias in information processing. Anxiety disorders and depression are frequently comorbid in children and adolescents. About 25–50% of depressed youth have comorbid anxiety disorders and about 10–15% of anxious youth have depression. Twin and family studies have demonstrated that pediatric anxiety disorders and depression likely share some common genetic factors or influences. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive‐behavioral therapy have been shown in randomized controlled trials to be efficacious for both pediatric depression and anxiety disorders. Integrating the treatment literature with studies of phenomenology, biology and genetics indicates that pediatric anxiety disorders and depression may share a genetically determined neurobiological component that could involve neural circuits that include or are modulated by serotonergic neurons. This component could contribute to the negative affective temperament that appears to be common in both pediatric depression and anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety 14:67–78, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P2Y1 purinoreceptors are fundamental to inhibitory motor control of murine colonic excitability and transit

Key points • Normal colonic motility is regulated by excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons, and previous studies have shown that both components of neural regulation are important for normal propulsion of colonic contents. • Inhibitory neural control consists of two main components, and the major neurotransmitters have been identified as nitric oxide and purines; we investigated the nature of the receptors responsible for purine inhibitory motor control of the colon using mice with P2Y1 receptors deactivated. • Inhibitory control of the colon by purine neurotransmitters was dramatically decreased in these animals and transit of fecal pellets was delayed. • Inhibitory responses to purine neurotransmission and exogenous β‐NAD, a neurotransmitter candidate, were completely abolished in P2Y1 receptor knockouts. • These studies demonstrate the importance of purinergic neural regulation of colonic motility and suggest this form of neural regulation depends upon P2Y1 receptors to receive and transduce inhibitory neural signals.
The Safety of Ovarian Preservation in Early-Stage Adenocarcinoma Compared With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of ovarian metastasis (OM) in adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in early-stage cervical cancer and evaluate the safety of ovarian preservation in early-stage ADC. Methods To perform a meta-analysis to compare the incidence of OM between early-stage ADC and SCC, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane for observational studies that compared it with pathological evidence after radical hysterectomy and oophorectomy. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated with a fixed effects model. We also found a few articles evaluating the oncological prognosis of patients with ovarian preservation to perform a systematic review. Results A total of 5 studies were included in the meta-analyses. The incidence of OM of patients with early-stage ADC and SCC were 2% and 0.4%, respectively (odds ratio, 5.27; 95% confidence interval, 2.14–13.45). In 1427 patients with ADC or SCC of the cervix FIGO stage (CIS-IIA) who underwent hysterectomy, no ovarian recurrences were observed after unilateral or bilateral ovarian preservation in ADC patients in the follow-up (30–68 months); however, 15 patients with SCC developed pelvic recurrence. Conclusions Although the incidence of OM was higher in early-stage ADC than SCC according to ovarian pathology, it might be relatively safe to perform ovarian preservation with early-stage ADC because of low ovarian recurrence rate in short-term follow-ups.
Commercially Available Immunoglobulins Contain Virus Neutralizing Antibodies Against All Major Genotypes of Polyomavirus BK

Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) form the basis of immunotherapeutic strategies against many important human viral infections. Accordingly, we studied the prevalence, titer, genotype‐specificity, and mechanism of action of anti‐polyomavirus BK (BKV) NAbs in commercially available human immune globulin (IG) preparations designed for intravenous (IV) use. Pseudovirions (PsV) of genotypes Ia, Ib2, Ic, II, III, and IV were generated by co‐transfecting a reporter plasmid encoding luciferase and expression plasmids containing synthetic codon‐modified VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid protein genes into 293TT cells. NAbs were measured using luminometry. All IG preparations neutralized all BKV genotypes, with mean EC50 titers as high as 254 899 for genotype Ia and 6,666 for genotype IV. Neutralizing titers against genotypes II and III were higher than expected, adding to growing evidence that infections with these genotypes are more common than currently appreciated. Batch to batch variation in different lots of IG was within the limits of experimental error. Antibody mediated virus neutralizing was dose dependent, modestly enhanced by complement, genotype‐specific, and achieved without effect on viral aggregation, capsid morphology, elution, or host cell release. IG contains potent NAbs capable of neutralizing all major BKV genotypes. Clinical trials based on sound pharmacokinetic principles are needed to explore prophylactic and therapeutic applications of these anti‐viral effects, until effective small molecule inhibitors of BKV replication can be developed.
Tuning of multivariable discrete-time PI-controller for unknown systems

Tuning of a multivariable discrete-time PI-controller, which uses interactions of the plant is discussed. Interactions are detected by observing the output of the plant subject to step inputs. The plant is assumed to be unknown but linear time-invariant and stable. The presented tuning method is an extension of the corresponding continuous-time method [1], [2].
[Effect comparison of two kinds of therapeutic methods of olecranon fracture].

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of olecranon plate and tension band in the treatment of olecranon fracture. METHODS Sixty-three patients with olecranon fracture were treated with olecranon plate and tension band. Thirty-five patients (21 male and 14 female, aged from 15 to 62 years, with an average of 48.9 years) were involved in tension band group and 28 patients (20 male and 8 female, aged from 25 to 67 years, with an average of 50.6 years)were involved in plate group. According to the Delee, JC classification in 1984, there were type 1A in 5 cases, type 1B in 8 cases, type 2 in 17 cases, type 3 in 7 cases and type 4 in 1 case in tension band group; there were type 1A in 3 cases, type 1B in 5 cases, type 2 in 6 cases, type 3 in 11 cases and type 4 in 3 cases in plate group. RESULTS Sixty-three cases were all followed up from 6 to 15 months. According to the criterion of PANG Gui-gen, the results were excellent in 20 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 1 case and no bad in plate group; the results were excellent in 23 cases, good in 10 cases, fair in 21 case and no bad in tension band group. The therapeutic effect of two groups has no significantly statistic difference. CONCLUSION Both olecranon plate and tension band are the effective treatments for olecranon fracture. The selection of two methods should depend on to the state of fracture.
The pericentromeric region of human chromosome 11: evidence for a chromosome-specific duplication

We have identified a chromosome duplication in the pericentromeric region of human chromosome 11 located in 11p11 and 11q14. A detailed physical map of each duplicated region was generated to describe the nature of the duplication, the involvement at the centromere and to resolve the correct maps. All clones were evaluated to ensure they were representative of their genetic origin. The order of clones, based on their marker content, as well as the distance covered was determined by SEGMAP. Each duplication encompasses more than 1 Mb of DNA and appears to be chromosome 11 specific. Ten STS markers were mapped within each duplication. Comparative sequence analysis along the duplication identified 35 nucleotide changes in 2,036 bp between the two copies, suggesting the duplication occurred over 14 million years ago. A suggested organization of the pericentromeric region, including the duplications and alpha-related repetitive sequences, is presented.
Efficiency Enhancement of III-V Triple-Junction Solar Cell Using Nanostructured Bifunctional Coverglass With Enhanced Transmittance and Self-Cleaning Property

We present bifunctional nanostructured (NS) coverglasses with enhanced transmittance and self-cleaning function for improving the efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) module with an InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cell. Prior to the fabrication of NS coverglasses, theoretical investigations were carried out using a rigorous coupled-wave analysis method to determine the desirable glass nanostructures that can effectively enhance the light absorption of the PV module. The transmission properties of the fabricated NS coverglasses with different glass nanostructures were systematically analyzed by considering the absorption spectrum of three subcells of the solar cell in order to find the most effective NS coverglass for enhancing the photocurrent of the PV module and thereby improving the conversion efficiency. The PV module with the most effective NS coverglass showed 4.2% enhanced short-circuit current density and 4.3% enhanced efficiency compared with the PV module with a bare coverglass measured under one sun of the air mass 1.5 global, showing the necessity of integrating a finely designed NS coverglass to effectively improve the efficiency of various PV systems with multijunction solar cells.
Spider angiomas in patients with liver cirrhosis: role of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor.

AIM To investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) are associated with spider angiomas in patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS Eighty-six patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled and the number and size of the spider angiomas were recorded. Fifty-three healthy subjects were selected as controls. Plasma levels of VEGF and bFGF were measured in both the cirrhotics and the controls. RESULTS Plasma VEGF and bFGF were increased in cirrhotics compared with controls (122 +/- 13 vs. 71 +/- 11 pg/mL, P=0.003 for VEGF; 5.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.5 pg/mL, P=0.022 for bFGF). In cirrhotics, plasma VEGF and bFGF were also higher in patients with spider angiomas compared with patients without spider angiomas (185 +/- 28 vs. 90 +/- 10 pg/mL, P=0.003 for VEGF; 6.8 +/- 1.0 vs. 4.1 +/- 0.5 pg/mL, P=0.017 for bFGF). Multivariate logistic regression showed that young age and increased plasma levels of VEGF and bFGF were the most significant predictors for the presence of spider angiomas in cirrhotic patients (odds ratio [OR]=6.64, 95 % confidence interval [CI]=2.02-21.79, P=0.002; OR=4.35, 95% CI=1.35-14.01, P=0.014; OR=5.66, 95% CI=1.72-18.63, P=0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION Plasma VEGF and bFGF are elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis. Age as well as plasma levels of VEGF and bFGF are significant predictors for spider angiomas in cirrhotic patients.
Atorvastatin Donor Pretreatment Prevents Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Renal Transplantation in Rats: Possible Role for Aldose-Reductase Inhibition

Background. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of donor pretreatment with atorvastatin on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in renal transplantation in rats. Methods. Donor rats were pretreated orally with atorvastatin or vehicle 2 days prior to explantation. Kidneys were stored for 24 hr at 4°C in University of Wisconsin solution and transplanted into isogeneic or allogeneic recipients. Results. Donor treatment with atorvastatin improved initial graft function, reduced renal inflammation, and the number of TUNEL-positive cells in renal tissue after prolonged cold storage and isogeneic transplantation. In the allogeneic transplantation model, donor treatment with atorvastatin reduced renal inflammation in grafts harvested after 5 days, but no improvement of long-term graft survival (24 weeks) could be observed. A genome wide gene expression profile of donor kidneys from atorvastatin treated or vehicle treated rats revealed a fivefold downregulation of aldose reductase in all atorvastatin treated animals (P<0.01). Donor treatment with an aldose-reductase inhibitor improved kidney function and reduced renal inflammation after prolonged cold storage and isogeneic transplantation. Conclusion. Our data suggest that downregulation of aldose reductase in renal tissue might underlie the protective effect of donor atorvastatin treatment. Donor pretreatment with a statin or an aldose reductase inhibitor could offer a new treatment strategy to prevent transplantation associated tissue injury.