Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Child and adolescent psychiatric patients in adulthood

A total of 142 consecutive patients cared for by child and adolescent psychiatry were followed up to the age of 33–37 years; 49% were treated in adult psychiatry between the ages of 20–25 years, and 20% of these were hospitalized. The frequency of hospitalization was 4–5 times that of a control group. Between the ages of 20–34 years, 32% were admitted some time for inpatient psychiatric care. Psychiatric diagnoses of the patients: schizophrenia 4%, manic‐depressive 5%, neurosis and reactive insufficiency 11%, personality disorders and/or abuse diagnosis 12%. Patients with a schizophrenia diagnosis in adulthood needed the most hospitalization. The symptom picture was stable from child and adolescent psychiatric care through to adulthood, but abuse increased with age. The frequency of sick leave was 2.5 times higher among the child and adolescent psychiatric care patients than among the control group. At the age of 34–36 years, 13% of the former patients received disability benefits as compared with 1% for the same age groups in the entire population of Sweden. Twenty‐one percent received sentences for criminal offenses from the age of 20–34 years. The number of crimes decreased with increasing age. Nearly 50% were in contact with the social welfare services, 3 times as many as in the control group. A third of the men completed their national military service. A total of 6 men and 1 woman died, indicating an increased mortality rate for men. All deaths except one were related to the mental disorder.
Total flucloxacillin plasma concentrations poorly reflect unbound concentrations in hospitalized patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia

Flucloxacillin dosing may be guided by measurement of its total plasma concentrations. Flucloxacillin is highly protein bound with fraction unbound in plasma (fu) of around 0.04 in healthy individuals. The utility of measuring unbound flucloxacillin concentrations for patients outside the intensive care unit (ICU) is not established. We aimed to compare flucloxacillin fu in non‐ICU hospitalised patients against healthy volunteers, and to examine the performance of a published model for predicting unbound concentrations, using total flucloxacillin and plasma albumin concentrations.
Analysis of perioperative clinical features and complications after orthopaedic surgery in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with tocilizumab in a real-world setting: results from the multicentre TOcilizumab in Perioperative Period (TOPP) study

ObjectiveTo evaluate perioperative changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with tocilizumab.MethodsWe collected RA cases with tocilizumab and orthopaedic surgery from 1999 to 2010. Incidences of postoperative infections, delayed wound healing, and RA symptom flare-ups were extracted from the data for comparison with patients without these postoperative events. We also evaluated the changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and body temperature in patients without postoperative complications with normal CRP before surgery, i.e., patients without postoperative events in whom the tocilizumab level was maintained, for each duration to discontinuation before surgery.ResultsA total of 161 cases (n = 122) were collected. The patients had mean age of 56.9 years, and mean disease duration of 12.8 years at operation. Joint replacement surgery was performed in 89 cases. Three patients had postoperative infections (two superficial and one organ/space surgical-site infection), 20 had delayed wound healing, and 36 had RA symptom flare-ups. Delayed wound healing occurred most commonly in patients who underwent spinal surgery (P = 0.0061, versus patients without delayed wound healing). CRP levels were high when tocilizumab was restarted in patients with RA symptom flare-ups (P = 0.0010, versus patients without RA symptom flare-ups). Increased postoperative CRP was observed in patients without postoperative events when the duration from final tocilizumab infusion to surgery was long. The changes in body temperature showed a similar trend to CRP.ConclusionsAlthough it has been demonstrated that infection rates in patients treated with tocilizumab are by no means high, incidence of delayed wound healing was significantly higher in cases with surgical interventions such as foot and spinal surgeries. Many patients treated with tocilizumab remained in a normal range of CRP even during the perioperative period. For prevention of perioperative complications, observation of postoperative conditions and surgical wounds, and subjective symptoms of patients are considered important.
Attitudes of psychiatrists, nurses and service users towards prescribing and administrating depot antipsychotic medication

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to ascertain the attitudes and experiences of psychiatrists, nurse prescribers, and service users with regard to the prescription of antipsychotic medication, the route of administration, and the extent of service users' involvement.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 26 psychiatrists and 12 nurses agreed to be interviewed in phase one of this study, concerning general aspects of prescribing. In phase two, 11 of the psychiatrists and five nurses from the first cohort took part in follow‐up interviews that focused specifically on their most recent prescribing experiences. In phase 3 of the study, 18 service users (14 male and 4 female) were recruited, during which their experiences of having medication prescribed was explored.Findings – This interview‐based survey found that though there was some agreement between the attitudes and perceptions of prescribers and service users, there were also some important differences including differences with respect to the purpos.
Frustrated Potential, False Promise or Complicated Possibilities? Empowerment and Participation Amongst Female Health Volunteers in South Africa

We present a longitudinal case study of lay women's participation in a project seeking to facilitate home-based care of people dying of AIDS in a rural community in South Africa, drawing on four sets of interviews conducted with volunteers over a five-year period. We link participation in the project to three dimensions of women's agency: their knowledge and skills, their confidence; and their personal experiences of efficacy. We show that whilst the experience of participation enhanced each of these dimensions of volunteers’ agency at various stages of the project, the empowerment that did take place appeared to be limited to women's project-related roles, rather than generalising to other areas of their lives beyond the project. The project had limited impact on women's ability to negotiate condom use with husbands, to assert themselves in relation to male project leaders and to become more involved in wider community decision-making and leadership. We discuss three possible interpretations of our findings: (i) that greater empowerment might have occurred had the project run for a longer time period; (ii) that whilst such projects play a vital role in providing services, the more general ‘empowerment via participation’ agenda is a false promise in highly marginalised communities; or (iii) that whilst generalised positive impacts of such projects on volunteers are hard to track, such projects do open up glimpses of increased agency for many women. These might have positive but unpredictable results in ways that defy formulation in linear conceptualisations of social transformation and development, understood in terms of clearly observable and measurable inputs and outputs.
Indigenous Medicinal Plants in Mexico: the Example of the Nahua (Sierra de Zongolica)

: As in most peasant cultures medicinal plants are a very important resource for the Nahua of the Sierra de Zongolica (Mexico). Documentation of the current indigenous medicinal uses of 203 plants in this region was conducted during 18 months of fieldwork. The 816 individual reports documented were divided into nine groups of indigenous uses. The frequency of usage of the individual plants reported was employed in the analysis of the ethnobotanical importance of the respective plants. Plants cited more frequently in a group of indigenous uses are regarded as of greater ethnobotanical importance than those cited only by a few informants. Data on phytochemistry, pharmacology and ethnobotany from the scientific literature were used to evaluate possible biological or pharmacological and toxicological effects of some particularly important plants. For most plants detailed studies on these actions are still lacking, which would allow a conclusive evaluation. This ethnobotanical evaluation forms the basis for such studies which have been started on some plants, and for better understanding their potential as minor economic products of the region. These uses may also give incentives to the conservation of the local biodiversity.
Fractures of the Upper Tibia and Arthroscopic Techniques

Treatment and outcome of fractures of the upper part of the tibia are related to fracture type and associated lesions. An accurate anatomic reduction as well as a stable fixation allowing early mobilization are prerequisites for a successful result. Due to the high complication rate associated with open surgery for fractures of the tibial plateau, percutaneous techniques have become increasingly popular. Associated with fluoroscopy, arthroscopy has become a precious tool for diagnosis and fracture reduction over the past 15 years. Meanwhile, minimally invasive osteosynthesis techniques have evolved progressively. Concomitant use of external fixation has widened indications to less stable or bicondylar fractures, although severely comminuted and complex fractures in younger patients seem best suited to open treatment. The different techniques, advantages, and disadvantages as well as limitations, risks, and results of arthroscopy-guided percutaneous treatment are reviewed. The good short-term results obtained by pioneers were later confirmed in larger series. Midterm clinical and radiologic studies have demonstrated the stability of the results at more than 5 years.
Spatio‐Temporal Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor α During Human Prenatal Development

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) is a ligand‐dependent transcription factor which is activated by various endogenous as well as exogenous compounds. It is involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, such as nutrient metabolism, energy homoeostasis, immunological response and xenobiotic metabolism. Little is known about its expression during human prenatal development. We examined the spatio‐temporal expression pattern of PPARα in human embryonic/foetal intestines, liver and kidney from the 5th to 20th week of prenatal life by indirect two‐step immunohistochemistry. PPARα expression can already be detected in the early stages of prenatal development; as early as the 7th week of intrauterine development (IUD) in the intestines, 5th week of IUD in the liver and 6th week of IUD in the kidney. We found age‐dependent changes in the PPARα expression pattern in the intestines and kidney. These events occur approximately at the commencement of function of these organs. In the intestines, we detected an obvious change of the PPARα expression pattern along the crypt‐villous axis in the 11th week of IUD. In the kidney, the most apparent change was increased expression of PPARα in glomeruli in the 12th week of IUD. Moreover, in the liver, we detected a strong positivity in part of the developing blood elements. Information about the spatio‐temporal expression pattern of PPARα could be the first step in evaluating the potential harmful impact of a wide range of environmental or pharmaceutical compounds which serve as PPARα ligands on the developing human organism.
A Gelatinases‐targeting scFv‐based Fusion Protein Shows Enhanced Antitumour Activity with Endostar against Hepatoma

Gelatinases play important roles in tumour invasion and metastasis and are thus considered promising targets for cancer therapy. In this study, a new single‐chain variable fragment (scFv)‐based fusion protein Fv‐LDP, composed of the anti‐gelatinases scFv and lidamycin apoprotein (LDP), was prepared, and its combination with angiogenesis inhibitor Endostar was then investigated. The fusion protein Fv‐LDP specifically bound to various tumour cells, and its binding capability to human pulmonary giant cell carcinoma (PG) cells was higher than that of LDP. Fv‐LDP inhibited the expression and secretion of gelatinases and could be internalized into tumour cells via endocytosis. Fv‐LDP also suppressed the growth of human hepatoma cells and murine hepatoma 22 transplanted in Kunming mice in various degrees. In addition, Endostar could enhance the synergistic or additive inhibition of Fv‐LDP on the growth, migration or invasion of human hepatoma cells shown by a colony formation assay and a transwell‐based migration or invasion assay, respectively. In vivo, Fv‐LDP/Endostar combination showed a significantly synergistic effect on the growth of a human hepatoma xenograft, with an inhibition rate of 80.8% compared with the Fv‐LDP (44.1%) or Endostar (8.9%)‐treated group. The above‐mentioned results indicate that the fusion protein Fv‐LDP is effective against transplantable hepatoma in mice and human hepatoma xenografts in athymic mice. Moreover, Endostar can potentiate the inhibition effect of Fv‐LDP on the growth of human hepatoma cells and xenografts. These data will provide a new combined strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy of treatments for hepatoma or other gelatinase‐overexpressing tumours.
Robust Input-to-State Stability for Hybrid Systems

This work addresses input-to-state stability (ISS) for hybrid dynamical systems, which combine continuous-time dynamics on a flow set and discrete-time dynamics on a jump set. The main result entails equivalent characterizations of ISS when the right-hand side of the differential equation for the continuous-time dynamics is locally Lipschitz but the set of admissible derivative values, generated by considering all possible input values, is not necessarily convex. Under some mild assumptions, we show that existence of an ISS-Lyapunov function is equivalent to various types of robust ISS for these hybrid systems. As an application, we demonstrate how a hybrid system framework can be used to study some stability properties for continuous-time systems; in particular, we use the derived equivalent characterization results of ISS for hybrid systems to recover and generalize Lyapunov and asymptotic characterizations of input-output-to-state stability for continuous-time systems.
To Mend the Heart: The Dramatic Story of Cardiac Surgery and Its Pioneers

Nearly every surgeon who has surgically entered a living human heart is still alive. This book salutes these pioneers whose "competence, courage and physiques have transformed brave but disappointing adventures into consistent service to suffering children, women, and men. " It is a story of people "unimpressed by arbitrary limitations imposed by conventional thinking. " In lauding these heroes, it carefully differentiates "noble pioneering efforts" from "simple risk taking. " The "generalissimo and pivotal personality" is Dwight Harken, who is correctly depicted as the man who, more than any other, "moved heart surgery up a decade. A person with less flamboyance, less ego, less drive, less confidence—and less freedom—couldn't have done it. " Concurrently, almost all of the other cardiac surgical giants are given their due. The many anecdotes, taken largely from oral histories, prove "embarrassing to some, interesting to more, and edifying to many. " Samuel Levine, for example, is quoted about an incident
Consultants knowledge and awareness about radiation exposure in diagnostic radiology in Central India.

Objective: To assess the knowledge , awareness and attitude of consultants about radiation hazards in diagnostic radiology and to describe their practise with regard to informing patients at risk.Methods: Prospective questionnaire based observational study performed between July and December 2013, conducted in two different university education and research centres , two private research hospitals and four outpatients clinics of Central India. The questionnaire was administered to 220 consultants. Data was analysed using EPI INFO 2007Results: 205 consultants(93%) completed the questionnaire. The overall mean knowledge score was 59.3%. Mean knowledge score was 60.23% for senior doctors and 56.89% for junior doctors, but this was not found to be significant (P=0.2107). Almost more than three-quarters of consultants (91.2%) underestimated the radiation dose in CT scan of abdomen. Most doctors (75%) though that one CT scan increase the life time risk of developing cancer and 25% consultants said that there was no increased cancer risk. MRI and Ultrasound was wrongly associated with ionizing radiation by 24.39% and 26.83% of consultants respectively. The frequency at which doctors would inform patients of the risk of radiation varied greatly depending on the clinical scenario.Conclusions: There was lack of awareness and relatively poor knowledge among the consultants which may lead them to request more tests and thus increasing the radiation exposure load on the patients. Consultants should receive education, and the request form should display radiation dose and associated risk.
Is Nickel Chloride really a Non‐Genotoxic Carcinogen?

Human beings are exposed to carcinogens through air, water, food and tobacco smoke. Nickel chloride (NiCl2 ) is a toxic and carcinogenic environmental and occupational pollutant, which was previously classified as a non-genotoxic carcinogen and thought to not directly alter the DNA. Non-genotoxic carcinogens such as NiCl2 are difficult to detect in vitro; hence, a heavy reliance on animal studies exists. NiCl2 has previously been classified as a non-genotoxic carcinogen (NGTC); however, after studying the effect of NiCl2 on many mechanistic end-points, it has become clear that NiCl2 behaves more like a genotoxic carcinogen. The induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after treatment with NiCl2 along with positive micronuclei results from a preliminary 5-day chronic dose micronucleus study further supports that NiCl2 has been misclassified as a NGTC. It is possible that NiCl2 causes indirect DNA damage by the production of ROS and requires a longer, chronic exposure, which is more similar to that of human exposure. The focus of this MiniReview is on research into the molecular mechanisms of nickel-induced carcinogenicity and potential genotoxicity, with a focus on one of the salts of greatest commercial importance, nickel chloride.
Well-Posedness Results for a Nonlinear Stokes Problem Arising in Glaciology

We provide well-posedness results for a nonlinear, incompressible Stokes problem that models the flow of ice in glaciers and ice sheets, e.g., Greenland and Antarctica. An important feature of the problem, in addition to the highly nonlinear rheology, are boundary conditions which describe the Coulomb-like friction at the ice-bedrock interface. Results available in the literature for similar nonlinear Stokes problems do not fully account for boundary conditions typical of glaciology. Most well-posedness results previously obtained deal with the elliptic Blatter--Pattyn model that is an approximation of the Stokes model. In this work, we consider the boundary conditions proposed by Schoof and extend his well-posendess results to the Stokes case. Difficulties in the analysis of the Stokes model are generated by the fact that boundary conditions can possibly depend on the normal stress. In this case, led by arguments typical in the linear elasticity context, we prove an existence result for nonlocal friction.
JC virus in colorectal cancer: where do we stand?

AIm: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2008, CRC was ranked as the second most common cancer among all newly diagnosed cancers in Jordan. It was recently suggested that the JC virus (JCV) could be linked to the development of CRC. However, this topic remains highly controversial. JCV is a common human polyomavirus that first infects individuals during early childhood. Infection with JCV can occur due to intake of contaminated water and food. The vast majority of those infected have no symptoms; however, severe immunosuppression can trigger reactivation of the virus. The oncogenicity of JCV was suggested to be related to its large T-antigen (T-Ag). This study aimed to investigate the incidence of JCV in CRC tissue of patients from northern Jordan. Materials & methods: Paraffin-embedded tissues from cases previously diagnosed with CRC were used. Immunohistochemistry and PCR techniques were used to detect the presence of JCV. Results: In total, 15.6% of CRC sam.
Mental health services in Kumasi, Ghana

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Characterization of the Rabbit as an In Vitro and In Vivo Model to Assess the Effects of Fibrinogenolytic Activity of Snake Venom on Coagulation

Several in vitro investigations have demonstrated that anticoagulant effects of fibrinogenolytic snake venom metalloproteinases have been abrogated in human plasma by modifying fibrinogen with iron (Fe) and carbon monoxide (CO) to prevent catalysis or by directly inhibiting these enzymes with CO. To translate these findings, we chose to assess the rabbit as a model of envenomation with Crotalus atrox venom. It was determined with thrombelastography that 15 times the concentration of venom noted to compromise coagulation in plasma in vitro was required to cause coagulopathy in vivo, likely secondary to venom binding to blood cells and being cleared from the circulation rapidly. Unlike human plasma, rabbit plasma pre‐treated with Fe/CO was not protected from fibrinogenolysis by venom. Consequently, the administration of purified human fibrinogen (with or without Fe/CO) would be required before venom administration to rabbits. Of greater interest, venom exposed to CO had complete loss of fibrinogenolytic effect in rabbit plasma and partial loss of activity in whole blood, indicative of unbinding of CO from venom and binding to haemoglobin. Thus, venom exposed to CO could remain partially or completely inhibited in whole blood long enough for clearance from the circulation, allowing rabbits to be a useful model to test the efficacy of regional CO administration to the bite site. Future investigations are planned to test these novel approaches to attenuate venom‐mediated coagulopathy in the rabbit.
The impact of VDU use and psychosocial factors at work on musculoskeletal shoulder symptoms among white-collar workers

This investigation of white-collar workers ( n = 201) in Swedish industrial environments focused on an empirical examination of the relationships between work with visual display units (VDUs), psychosocial factors (skill discretion, appraised work load, job satisfaction), physical work load and musculoskeletal shoulder symptoms. This cross-sectional study was based upon questionnaire surveys carried out at industrial companies. The prevalence of shoulder symptoms during the previous year was 39%. Nearly one-half of the participants reported that they used a VDU for at least 4 h/day ('high VDU use'). High VDU use was related to increased Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) for shoulder symptoms. After adjustment for physical work load, significant PORs were found in groups with high VDU use in combination with low job satisfaction (POR = 4.8) or high appraised work load (POR = 3.5), compared to groups with low VDU use in combination with high job satisfaction or low work load (reference groups).