Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome in adults.

BACKGROUND Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a common, debilitating and serious health problem. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) may help to alleviate the symptoms of CFS. OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness and acceptability of CBT for CFS, alone and in combination with other interventions, compared with usual care and other interventions. SEARCH STRATEGY CCDANCTR-Studies and CCDANCTR-References were searched on 28/3/2008. We conducted supplementary searches of other bibliographic databases. We searched reference lists of retrieved articles and contacted trial authors and experts in the field for information on ongoing/completed trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials involving adults with a primary diagnosis of CFS, assigned to a CBT condition compared with usual care or another intervention, alone or in combination. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data on patients, interventions and outcomes were extracted by two review authors independently, and risk of bias was assessed for each study. The primary outcome was reduction in fatigue severity, based on a continuous measure of symptom reduction, using the standardised mean difference (SMD), or a dichotomous measure of clinical response, using odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS Fifteen studies (1043 CFS participants) were included in the review. When comparing CBT with usual care (six studies, 373 participants), the difference in fatigue mean scores at post-treatment was highly significant in favour of CBT (SMD -0.39, 95% CI -0.60 to -0.19), with 40% of CBT participants (four studies, 371 participants) showing clinical response in contrast with 26% in usual care (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.76). Findings at follow-up were inconsistent. For CBT versus other psychological therapies, comprising relaxation, counselling and education/support (four studies, 313 participants), the difference in fatigue mean scores at post-treatment favoured CBT (SMD -0.43, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.20). Findings at follow-up were heterogeneous and inconsistent. Only two studies compared CBT against other interventions and one study compared CBT in combination with other interventions against usual care. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS CBT is effective in reducing the symptoms of fatigue at post-treatment compared with usual care, and may be more effective in reducing fatigue symptoms compared with other psychological therapies. The evidence base at follow-up is limited to a small group of studies with inconsistent findings. There is a lack of evidence on the comparative effectiveness of CBT alone or in combination with other treatments, and further studies are required to inform the development of effective treatment programmes for people with CFS.
FPGA implementation of a FEC decoding subsystem for a DVB-S2 receiver

This paper presents the implementation of a FEC decoding subsystem for a DVB-S2 compliant receiver. The FEC decoder is composed by three blocks: De-interleaver, LDPC and BCH decoders, and its main goal is correcting the bits that were corrupted by the channel during transmission. The DVB-S2 standard defines several coding schemes and interleaving methods for protecting the data, and all the configurations were considered in this implementation. This work presents the structure and functionality of the FEC subsystem, the platform that was assembled for measuring its performance, and the FPGA synthesis and BER performance results.
Correcting errors in Turkington et al. (2014): taking criticism seriously.

Auditory hallucinations −3.50 8.75 −2.47 37 0.018 0.018 −0.29 Delusions 0.26 5.24 0.31 37 0.759 0.05 0.06 CPRS total −9.26 8.32 −6.86 37 <0.001 −1.11 −0.78 CPRS negative symptoms −1.47 2.42 −3.75 37 0.001 −0.61 −0.56 CPRS schizophrenia −1.76 4.11 −2.65 37 0.012 −0.43 −0.44 CPRS anxiety −1.61 3.16 −3.13 37 0.003 −0.51 −0.48 CPRS depression −2.71 3.62 −4.62 37 <0.001 −0.75 −0.76 PSP total 2.89 19.51 0.92 37 0.366 0.15 0.17 QPR intrapersonal 71 2.52 1.74 37 0.091 0.28 0.21 QPR intrapersonal 2.94 9.26 1.91 35 0.065 0.32 0.25
Behavioral and Cognitive Effects of Caffeine in Boys and Adult Males

&NA; The behavioral and cognitive effects of single doses of caffeine (3 and 10 mg/kg) were studied using a double blind placebo‐controlled crossover design. Subjects were 19 prepubertal boys and 20 college age men. In general, children tended to show more objective effects of caffeine than did adults, with increased motor activity, increased speech rate, and decreased reaction time. Adults generally reported side effects following caffeine while children did not, and side effects were more prominent for adults with low habitual caffeine intake. Autonomic measures of arousal were similarly affected for both age groups. Caffeine had some effects that differed from those of amphetamine, indicating distinctive actions of the two stimulants.
Nutritional Determinants of the Metabolic Syndrome

The metabolic syndrome has attracted interest because of its relevance to major contemporary chronic diseases associated with inactive lifestyles and the abundance of food, both of which have resulted in a way of life which challenges our genetic makeup. Changing the fuel mix by the introduction of more monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, a reduction in saturated fatty acids, an increase in fiber, and the use of low glycemic index slow-release carbohydrate foods may make a difference, as will increasing the amount of vegetable protein and plant foods such as nuts, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant systems. Nevertheless, these supportive measures will be overwhelmed in the absence of calorie restriction combined with adequate energy expenditure. This situation appears to be one where the subsidiary solutions are complex and the central issue is simple.
Enhanced UV exposure on a ski-field compared with exposures at sea level

Personal erythemal UV monitoring badges, which were developed to monitor the UV exposure of school children, were used to measure UV exposures received by one of the authors (MA) at the Mt Hutt ski-field, in New Zealand. These were then compared with measurements taken at the same times from a nearby sea level site in Christchurch city. The badges were designed to give instantaneous readings of erythemally-weighted ( i.e. , “sun burning”) UV radiation and were cross-calibrated against meteorological grade UV instruments maintained by the National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA). All skiing and calibration days were clear and almost exclusively cloud free. It was found that the UV maxima for horizontal surfaces at the ski-field (altitude ≈2 km) were 20–30% greater than at the low altitude site. Larger differences between the sites were observed when the sensor was oriented perpendicular to the sun. The personal doses of UV received by a sensor on the skier’s lapel during two days of skiing activity were less than those received by a stationary detector on a horizontal surface near sea level. The exposures depended strongly on the time of year, and in mid-October the maximum UV intensity on the ski-field was 60% greater than in mid-September. The UV exposure levels experienced during skiing were smaller than the summer maxima at low altitudes.
Contraceptive practice in diabetic women in Algeria: results of a survey performed in a sample of 103 patients.

This study showed that the discovery or the occurrence of diabetes mellitus could lead a certain number of women to get a contraception or to choose another contraceptive method but the choice was not always appropriate. The sterilization rate was important as compared to the general population. Whether this procedure was not abusive remains to be determined. Main determinant to contraception continuation and type seems to be the size of the family which is determined by the number of alive children. The status of diabetes complicated or not seems to be less important. Nevertheless the absence of contraception even if the patient wished a pregnancy (consciously or not) could mean either a lack of information to the diabetic patient regarding the risk of an unintended pregnancy or the inability of the doctor to give correct advice to his/her female diabetic patients. (excerpt)
Variability in hyperbaric oxygen treatment for acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

CONTEXT In patients with acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, we have noted wide clinical variability in both criteria for hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment as well as HBO2 treatment regimens. Our aim was to survey Midwest hyperbaric centers for insight into specific criteria and protocols for treating acute CO toxicity with HBO2. METHODS Hyperbaric centers were identified from the published list of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. Ninety-three centers from nine Midwestern states were contacted via telephone. A standard script was used to minimize surveyor bias. RESULTS Thirty centers that treat CO poisonings were identified. One did not participate in the study. Nineteen reported a specific level of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) that served as an independent indication for initiation of HBO2 treatment. Four centers used the COHb level as the exclusive indication for HBO2 treatment. Ten centers relied solely on reported symptoms, while the remaining centers used a combination of symptoms plus COHb levels. There were 19 separate treatment protocols. CONCLUSION No uniform practice for either the initiation or implementation of HBO2 therapy for CO poisoning exists among U.S. Midwest hyperbaric centers responding to a survey. We see opportunity for specific targeted educational programs as well as further study.
Regional differences in fiber characteristics in the rat temporalis muscle

The behavioral differences in muscle use are related to the fiber type composition of the muscles among other variables. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of heterogeneity in the fiber type composition in the rat temporalis muscle. The temporalis muscle was taken from 10‐week‐old Wistar strain male rats (n = 5). Fiber types were classified by immunohistochemical staining according to their myosin heavy chain content. The anterior temporalis revealed an obvious regional difference of the fiber type distribution, whereas the posterior temporalis was homogeneous. The deep anterior temporalis showed a predominant proportion of type IIA fibers and was the only muscle portion displaying slow type fibers (< 10%). The other two muscle portions, the superficial anterior and posterior temporalis, did not differ significantly from each other and contained mainly type IIB fibers. Moreover, the deep anterior temporalis was the only muscle portion showing slow type fibers (< 10%). In the deep portion, type IIX fibers revealed the largest cross‐sectional area (1943.1 ± 613.7 µm2), which was significantly (P < 0.01) larger than those of type IIA and I + IIA fibers. The cross‐sectional area of type IIB fibers was the largest in the remaining two muscle portions and was significantly (P < 0.01) larger than that of type IIX fibers. In conclusion, temporalis muscle in rats showed an obvious heterogeneity of fiber type composition and fiber cross‐sectional area, which suggests multiple functions of this muscle.
Prejudice Concerns and Race-Based Attentional Bias

The present study used eyetracking methodology to assess whether individuals high in external motivation (EM) to appear nonprejudiced exhibit an early bias in visual attention toward Black faces indicative of social threat perception. Drawing on previous work examining visual attention to socially threatening stimuli, the authors predicted that high-EM participants, but not lower-EM participants, would initially look toward Black faces and then subsequently direct their attention away from these faces. Participants viewed pairs of images, some of which consisted of one White and one Black male face, while a desk-mounted eyetracking camera recorded their eye movements. Results showed that, as predicted, high-EM, but not lower-EM, individuals exhibited patterns of visual attention indicative of social threat perception.
A Legendre-Petrov-Galerkin and Chebyshev Collocation Method for Third-Order Differential Equations

A Legendre--Petrov--Galerkin (LPG) method for the third-order differential equation is developed. By choosing appropriate base functions, the method can be implemented efficiently. Also, this new approach enables us to derive an optimal rate of convergence in L2-norm. The method is applied to some nonlinear problems such as the Korteweg--de Vries (KdV) equation with the Chebyshev collocation treatment for the nonlinear term. It is a Legendre--Petrov--Galerkin and Chebyshev collocation (LPG-CC) method. Numerical experiments are given to confirm the theoretical result.
Do trainee surgeons have an adverse effect on the outcome after total hip arthroplasty?: a ten-year review.

AIMS The long-term functional outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed by trainees is not known. A multicentre retrospective study of 879 THAs was undertaken to investigate any differences in outcome between those performed by trainee surgeons and consultants. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 879 patients with a mean age of 69.5 years (37 to 94) were included in the study; 584 THAs (66.4%) were undertaken by consultants, 138 (15.7%) by junior trainees and 148 (16.8%) by senior trainees. Patients were scored using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) pre-operatively and at one, three, five, seven and ten years post-operatively. Surgical outcome, complications and survival were compared between groups. The effect of supervision was determined by comparing supervised and unsupervised trainees. A primary univariate analysis was used to select variables for inclusion in multivariate analysis. RESULTS There was no evidence that the grade of the surgeon had a significant effect on the survival of the patients or the rate of revision (p = 0.987 and 0.405, respectively) up to 12 years post-operatively. There was no significant difference in post-operative functional HHS or total HHS among consultants, junior and seniors up to ten years post-operatively (p = 0.401 and 0.331), respectively. There was no significant difference in hospital stay (p = 0.855) between different grades of surgeons. There was no evidence that the level of supervision had an effect on the survival of the patients or the rate of revision (p = 0.837 and 0.203, respectively) up to 12 years post-operatively. There was no significant difference between supervised and unsupervised trainee groups in post-operative functional HHS or total HHS up to ten years post-operatively (p = 0.213 and 0.322, respectively). There was no significant difference in the mean hospital stay between supervised and unsupervised trainees (p = 0.908). TAKE HOME MESSAGE This study suggests that when trainees are appropriately supervised, they can obtain results comparable with those of their consultant colleagues when performing THA.
Adaptive low-rate wireless videophone schemes

The design and performance of a range of wireless videophone transceivers are presented. Highly bandwidth efficient, fixed but with arbitrarily programmable rate, perceptually weighted discrete cosine transform (DCT) based video codecs are proposed for quarter common intermediate format (QCIF) videophone sequences. Perceptually weighted cost/gain controlled motion compensation and quad-class DCT-based compression is applied with and without run-length coding. Specifically, we propose video codecs having transmission rates in the range of 5-11.36 kbps and preselected the 11.36 kbps codec 1, the 8.52 kbps codec 2 and the 8 kbps codec 2a, for which we designed the intelligent reconfigurable systems 1-5. After sensitivity-matched binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) forward error correction (FEC) coding the data rate associated with codec 1 and codec 2a became 20.32 kbps, while that of codec 2 was 15.24 kbps. Throughout these systems a partial forced update (PFU) technique was invoked in order to keep transmitter and receiver aligned amongst hostile channel conditions. When using codec 1 in system 1 and coherent pilot symbol assisted 16-level quadrature amplitude modulation (16-PSAQAM), an overall signalling rate of 9 kBd was yielded. Over lower quality channels the 4QAM mode of operation had to be invoked, which required twice as many time slots to accommodate the resulting 18 kBd stream, The system's robustness was increased using automatic repeat requests (ARQ), inevitably reducing the number of users supported, which was between 6 and 19 for the various systems. In a bandwidth of 200 kHz, similarly to the Pan-European GSM mobile radio system's speech channel, using system 1 for example, 16 and 8 videophone users can be supported in the 16QAM and 4QAM modes, respectively. >
The determination of acid-soluble nucleotides in milk by improved enzymic methods: a comparison with the ion-exchange column chromatography procedure.

Enzymic methods have been developed to measure adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, and uridine-5′-monophosphates and also total adenine, cytidine, guanine, and uridine nucleotides in cow, goat, sheep, and human milk. Uridine-diphosphate glucose, uridine-diphosphate galactose, and orotate have also been measured by specific enzymic methods. There were no significant differences between the values obtained by ion-exchange column chromatography and enzymic methods. These last procedures were faster, simpler, and less time consuming to perform compared with conventional methods in use at present. Correlations have been established between the nucleotide contents in milk and the optical density of protein-free milk extracts from different species. Simple mathematical formulae allow estimation, with an error < 5 %, of the nucleotide contents of cow, goat, sheep, and human milk samples, by measuring the optical density of the corresponding protein-free milk extracts at 250, 260, and 280 nm.
Review: Pulmonary Carcinoma Associating with EML4-ALK

Conventionally, it has been believed that oncogenesis accompanying chromosomal translocations such as BCR-Abl in CML is limited to particular tumors such as hematologic diseases, etc. However, the presence of the EML4-ALK fusion gene in lung cancer induced by chromosomal translocations in chromosome 2q was reported in 2007. This is present in approximately 5% of pulmonary adenocarcinomas in which ALK inhibitor, crizotinib, is greatly responsive with respect to EML4-ALK lung cancer. Crizotinib was approved by the FDA in 2012 at an unprecedented speed. A summary of EML4-ALK lung cancer is provided in this report.
Structure of human RNA N6-methyladenine demethylase ALKBH5 provides insights into its mechanisms of nucleic acid recognition and demethylation

ALKBH5 is a 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and ferrous iron-dependent nucleic acid oxygenase (NAOX) that catalyzes the demethylation of N6-methyladenine in RNA. ALKBH5 is upregulated under hypoxia and plays a role in spermatogenesis. We describe a crystal structure of human ALKBH5 (residues 66–292) to 2.0 Å resolution. ALKBH566–292 has a double-stranded β-helix core fold as observed in other 2OG and iron-dependent oxygenase family members. The active site metal is octahedrally coordinated by an HXD…H motif (comprising residues His204, Asp206 and His266) and three water molecules. ALKBH5 shares a nucleotide recognition lid and conserved active site residues with other NAOXs. A large loop (βIV–V) in ALKBH5 occupies a similar region as the L1 loop of the fat mass and obesity-associated protein that is proposed to confer single-stranded RNA selectivity. Unexpectedly, a small molecule inhibitor, IOX3, was observed covalently attached to the side chain of Cys200 located outside of the active site. Modelling substrate into the active site based on other NAOX–nucleic acid complexes reveals conserved residues important for recognition and demethylation mechanisms. The structural insights will aid in the development of inhibitors selective for NAOXs, for use as functional probes and for therapeutic benefit.
Beneficial effects of diltiazem during myocardial reperfusion: a randomized trial in acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Although in experimental models of coronary occlusion diltiazem administration has been shown to reduce the degree of stunning and of reperfusion injury, the majority of clinical trials has failed to demonstrate significant benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diltiazem, administered before coronary reperfusion, on infarct size, residual myocardial viability and recovery of left ventricular function. METHODS We studied 90 patients admitted within 3 hours of the onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. They were immediately randomized to either intravenous diltiazem (10 mg bolus + 10 mg/hour for 3 days) (group 1, n = 43) or placebo (group 2, n = 47) and subsequently treated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator. All underwent serial echocardiograms upon admission, 4 days post-admission during low-dose dobutamine stress echo, at discharge and after 6 months. We calculated the dysfunction score (1 = hypokinesia, 2 = akinesia, 3 = dyskinesia) on admission and its percent reduction after dobutamine (viability) and at follow-up (recovery). The 12-lead electrocardiograms were continuously monitored for 3 days and coronary angioplasty was performed whenever the residual stenosis was > 60%. RESULTS Upon admission, there were no differences in age, sex, infarct location and size, degree of ST-segment elevation, time from onset of symptoms and dysfunction score. Creatine kinase peaked early in 70% of patients in both groups; the incidences of recurrent ischemia, infarct-related vessel patency and the need for coronary angioplasty were also similar. The creatine kinase peak was significantly higher in group 2 (2931 +/- 2456 vs 1726 +/- 1004 IU/l, p < 0.05). Conversely, in group 1 the residual viability was significantly higher (51 +/- 23 vs 36 +/- 30% improvement in dysfunction score, p < 0.05) and the early recovery of regional function was significantly greater (35 +/- 34 vs 18 +/- 22% at discharge, p < 0.05). On the other hand, the delayed recovery was not significantly different (15 +/- 29 vs 21 +/- 32% from the time of discharge to 6 months of follow-up). CONCLUSIONS Intravenous diltiazem, started before coronary reperfusion, has beneficial effects on the infarct size, residual viability and recovery of regional function. If confirmed by larger trials, these preliminary results suggest the use of diltiazem as adjunctive therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and undergoing reperfusion.