Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modified Algorithm for Digital Image Watermarking Using Combined DCT and DWT

Digital Image Watermarking embeds identifying information in an image, in such a manner that it cannot easily be removed. In particular, digital image watermarking algorithms which are based on the discrete wavelet transform have been widely recognized to be more prevalent than others. If, this characteristic is combined with existing DWT watermarking algorithm, can improve the transparency of digital watermark. In this papermore imperceptible and a robust combined algorithm of digital watermarking based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and 3levelsDiscrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) has been proposed. This is an modified approach because in previous papers 2 level Dwt is used.In this algorithm, the information of digital watermark which has beendiscrete Cosine transformed, is put into the high frequencyband of the image which has been wavelet transformed. PSNR, Normalized Correlation and Computational time has been taken as performance evaluation parameters. Performance evaluation results show that combining the two transforms improved theperformance of the watermarking algorithms that are based solely on the DWT transform.
LC3‐association with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane of Plasmodium berghei liver stages follows a noncanonical autophagy pathway

Eukaryotic cells can employ autophagy to defend themselves against invading pathogens. Upon infection by Plasmodium berghei sporozoites, the host hepatocyte targets the invader by labelling the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) with the autophagy marker protein LC3. Until now, it has not been clear whether LC3 recruitment to the PVM is mediated by fusion of autophagosomes or by direct incorporation. To distinguish between these possibilities, we knocked out genes that are essential for autophagosome formation and for direct LC3 incorporation into membranes. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to generate host cell lines deficient for either FIP200, a member of the initiation complex for autophagosome formation, or ATG5, responsible for LC3 lipidation and incorporation of LC3 into membranes. Infection of these knockout cell lines with P. berghei sporozoites revealed that LC3 recruitment to the PVM indeed depends on functional ATG5 and the elongation machinery, but not on FIP200 and the initiation complex, suggesting a direct incorporation of LC3 into the PVM. Importantly, in P. berghei‐infected ATG5−/− host cells, lysosomes still accumulated at the PVM, indicating that the recruitment of lysosomes follows an LC3‐independent pathway.
Coping, Cognitive Emotion Regulation, and Burnout in Long-Term Care Nursing Staff: A Preliminary Study

Direct care workers (e.g., certified nursing assistants [CNAs]) employed in long-term care (LTC) are particularly vulnerable to the experience of burnout, yet they have received relatively less research attention compared to Licensed Practical Nurses and Registered Nurses. Within the burnout literature, evidence suggests that the deployment of certain coping strategies influences levels of burnout. The current study examined the extent to which coping (e.g., problem-focused, emotion-focused, and dysfunctional coping) and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., positive reappraisal) predicted burnout after controlling for covariates (age, sleep duration). Fifty-six CNAs were surveyed at four skilled nursing facilities in the United States. Dysfunctional coping was significantly associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Among cognitive emotion regulation strategies, positive reappraisal was significantly associated with depersonalization. Shorter sleep duration was associated with significantly greater depersonalization. Findings suggest the need to develop interventions for CNAs aimed at reducing dysfunctional coping strategies and increasing sleep duration.
Subcellular localization and turnover of Arabidopsis phototropin 1

We reported recently that internalization of the plant blue light receptor phototropin 1 (phot1) from the plasma membrane in response to irradiation is reliant on receptor autophosphorylation. Pharmacological interference and co-immunoprecipitation analyses also indicated that light-induced internalization of phot1 involves clathrin-dependent processes. Here, we describe additional pharmacological studies that impact the subcellular localization and trafficking of Arabidopsis phot1. Alterations in the microtububle cytoskeleton led to dramatic differences in phot1 localization and function. Likewise, inhibition of phosphatidic acid (PA) signaling was found to impair phot1 localization and function. However, action of PA inhibition on phot1 function may be attributed to pleiotropic effects on cell growth. While phot1 kinase activation is necessary to stimulate its internalization, autophosphorylation is not required for phot1 turnover in response to prolonged blue light irradiation. The implications of these findings in regard to phot1 localization and function are discussed.
Occurrence of Toxigenic Fusarium vorosii among Small Grain Cereals in Korea

Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) causes Fusarium head blight in small grain cereals. To date, four species (F. graminearum, F. asiaticum, F. boothii, and F. meridionale ) belonging to FGSC frequently occur in Korean cereals. In addition, we first reported the occurrence of additional species (F. vorosii ) within FGSC, which was isolated from barley, corn, and rice in Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of the Fusarium isolates of this group using combined multi-gene sequences confirmed species identification. Moreover, the macroconidia produced by these isolates were morphologically similar to those of the F. vorosii holotype. Chemical analysis indicated that the F. vorosii isolates produced various trichothecenes such as nivalenol and deoxynivalenol with their acetyl derivatives along with zearalenone. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that all of the F. vorosii isolates examined were pathogenic on barley, corn, and rice with variation in aggressiveness. This study is the first report of F. vorosii in Korean cereals, their pathogenicity towards barley and corn, and their ability to produce trichothecenes and zearalenone.
Patterns of Workplace Supervisory Roles: Experiences of Canadian Workers

This paper explores the incidence of four supervisory duties and several factors influencing the likelihood of having experience with such responsibilities in the workplace. Supervisory experiences of working Canadians are investigated through secondary analysis of longitudinal panel data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) over a six-year time frame (1996 to 2001). Over this period, a majority reported at least some workplace experience with supervisory roles, with male workers, university-educated workers, and those from management and certain professional occupational sectors exhibiting markedly higher profiles of supervisory duty experience over time. Two trivariate interactions (university education by occupational sector by supervisory experience, and sex by occupational sector by supervisory experience) are identified as important through multivariate log-linear modelling, and examined further through percentage tables. The strengths of associations between education and supervisory experience, and gender and supervisory experience were mediated to some degree by occupational sector of employment.
The performance of mesh , shotcrete and membranes for surface ground support

The Western Australian School of Mines (WASM) has developed a facility for the static testing of large scale ground support elements. The samples are loaded using a mechanical screw feed jack. Instruments measure the displacement and the load being applied. Methods have been developed for testing of mesh, shotcrete and membranes. Mesh samples are restrained on all sides and loaded centrally. A new large scale punch test method has been developed to evaluate shotcrete and membranes. These products are sprayed on to a sandstone substrate containing a centrally located isolated disc. The sprayed product is loaded by displacing the disk. The different test methods are described in detail. The test program involved two types of mesh, several shotcrete mix designs with different curing times and one membrane product. The force-displacement responses are used to directly compare the products. The implications for implementation of the different ground support products are discussed. ROCKENG09: Proceedings of the 3rd CANUS Rock Mechanics Symposium, Toronto, May 2009 (Ed: M.Diederichs and G. Grasselli)
Penetration of Mannitol into Potato Discs.

This paper deals with a problem which, while minor in itself, may nevertheless loom large when interpreting experiments on the relationship between osmotic values and cell enlargement. In 1953 Bonner et al (1) published some experiments on the uptake of water by slices of artichoke tuber (Helianthus tuberosus L.) which showed that the increase in respiration of this tissue caused by auxin was very much less when in hypertonic solutions of mannitol than when in water. However, Burstr6m (6) gave reasons for believing that the value for the osmotic pressure of the tuber tissue at incipient plasmolysis, given by Bonner et al as 0.12 M, was too low, and reported a number of measurements which yielded values of 0.4 M and up. Further, while Burstrom's data undoubtedly established that the osmotic pressure of artichoke tissue was higher than had been thought, the data also brought out another, and a surprising, fact. This unexpected observation, which could not be explained at the time, was that when the tuber slices had been immersed in mannitol for 54 hours, the osmotic pressure at incipient plasmolysis had increased to extremely high values, in one case reaching 1 M and, in general, attaining values nearly proportional to the mannitol concentration used. This great rise could mean one of two things; either mannitol steadily enters the cells, or else the exposure to mannitol causes liberation within the cells of some osmotically active material. Either of these two phenomena would have a most important bearing on studies of the water uptake of tuber slices which, since the pioneer work of Reinders (12), have proven to be useful material for the study of auxin action. The result was of special interest to us since we had noted in several experiments with mannitol that potato discs, after their growth had been inhibited by high external osmotic pressure, tended to show a partial recovery. Examples of this will be shown below. More important, it was demonstrated (see fig 14 of ref 13) that if water uptake in auxin were restricted for 24 hours by adding 0.3 M mannitol, then on return for 4 hours to plain auxin the sections rapidly took up extra water and essentially recovered all the ground lost during the inhibition period. This was interpreted as evidence that auxin had been continuously modifying the cell walls at about the same rate as though the mannitol had not been present, i.e., that auxin action on cell walls had been uninterrupted.
To detect the use of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Inguinal Hernia Repair : A Randomized Study in Tertiary care hospital Karachi

Aim: To detect the use of prophylactic antibiotics in inguinal hernia repair. Method and Result: A total of two hundred patients were included that underwent inguinal hernia repair at KVSS site Hospital from Jan 2012 to Dec 2012; they were randomized in two groups. Group 1 was given prophylactic dose of injamoxi-clav while group 2 was given placebo only. Results were compared and Data analyzed using the Chi-square test. Complications in both the groups were compared. Rate of serous discharge and seroma formation was 1% and 22% respectively in group 1 while 2% and 26% in group 2 also the rate of erythema and stitch abscess were 1% and none in group 1 and 2% and 1% in group 2 respectively. On statistical analysis these differences were not significant. Conclusion: Prophylactic antibiotics in elective inguinal hernia repair have no substantial advantage over placebo although more studies are essential to prepare someAddition of prophylactic antibiotics in elective open inguinal hernia repair has no significant benefit over placebo although larger studies are required to prepare some uniform guidelines.
Marine birds drowning in fishing nets in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic): numbers, species composition, age and sex structure

During 8 seasons (1972–1976 and 1986–1990) 1,254 marine birds of 24 species, drowned in fishing nets in the Gulf of Gdańsk, were collected and studied. As a rule, the most numerous bird species in the Gulf constituted the most common bycatch. The exceptions are the Goldeneye Bucephala clangula, Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula and Coot Fulica atra, the numbers drowned being incommensurably low compared with those observed in the Gulf. The reverse is the case in the Eider Somateria mollissima. The percentage share of the Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis and Eiders in bycatches increased in general and that of the Velvet Melanitta fusca and Common Scoters Melanitta nigra decreased during successive years of the study. The number of birds drowned in nets in different months roughly reflects the seasonal changes in their numbers in the Gulf. Adult birds, particularly males, predominated among the Long-tailed Ducks (68% and 47% respectively) and Velvet Scoters (65% and 46% respectively). The opposite was the case among the Common Scoters and Eiders, where immature birds constituted as much as 71% and 67% respectively. With the passage of the season, these proportions changed in a species specific way. Adult birds became entangled in fishing nets less frequently than expected, considering their percentage share in the wintering population. It is estimated that about 17,500 birds (10–20% of the number observed in the area) die annually in nets. These include Long-tailed Ducks (about 8 400), Velvet Scoters (about 4,000), Scaups Aythya marila (about 1,300), Common Scoters and Eiders (each about 1,000).
THE ROLE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL IN MODERATING THE EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY AGAINST COMPANY VALUE

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure and Intellectual Capital in improving profitability effect on company value on real estate and property companies that go public. Based on the characteristics of the problem under study, the research is an empirical study. The data used is secondary data. The population is 50 real estate and property companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period 2012-2014, which was chosen by purposive sampling in order to take sample 38 companies that meet the criteria of the sample. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach to technique moderated regression analysis. Based on the test results it can be concluded that profitability has effect on the company value and CSR disclosure and IC can increase the profitability effect on company value.
Building social capital among rural, older Australians through information and communication technologies: A review article

This paper undertakes a comprehensive review of the growing international literature on the adoption and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among older people. Issues associated with access and adoption of ICTs among older people living in rural communities will be explored, drawing on social capital as a theoretical lens through which to identify how these new technologies can build healthy ageing. ICTs as bridging social capital can address some of the challenges of service provision in rural Australia and provide access to more extensive information and resources. ICTs can also contribute to bonding social capital through access to other forms of communication to build on local connectedness. However, rural, older people face particular challenges of access, which may exacerbate the cycle of rural social exclusion. In the context of the Australian National Broadband rollout, it is timely to consider how some of these disparities can be addressed.
The Utility of Uterine Artery Doppler Velocimetry in Prediction of Preeclampsia in a Low-Risk Population

OBJECTIVE: The underlying pathophysiology of preeclampsia is thought to be abnormal trophoblast invasion of the spiral arteries leading to maldevelopment of uteroplacental perfusion. We estimated whether uterine artery Doppler measurements made in the early second trimester would predict the subsequent development of preeclampsia. METHODS: Uterine artery Doppler measurements before 21 weeks of gestation (median 16.6 weeks) were correlated with subsequent development of preeclampsia in a cohort of 2,188 low-risk nulliparous women in a randomized control trial of antioxidant supplementation for prevention of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia developed in 165 (7.5%) women. RESULTS: Development of preeclampsia overall was associated with increased resistance index, pulsatility index, a pulsatility index or resistance index multiple of the median at or above the 75th percentile but not the presence of a notch or a bilateral notch before 21 weeks of gestation. The sensitivity was 43% (95% confidence interval [CI] 35–51) and specificity 67% (95% CI 65–69) for prediction of preeclampsia overall. The presence of a notch or bilateral notch, resistance index, and pulsatility index multiple of the median was significantly associated with early onset (before 34 weeks of gestation) compared with late onset or no preeclampsia (odds ratio [OR] 6.9, 95% CI 2.3–20.9; sensitivity 78%, 95% CI 52–94; specificity 66%, 95% CI 64–68). The presence of a notch or resistance index multiple of the median at or above the 75th percentile increased the odds of developing severe compared with mild or no preeclampsia (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.7; sensitivity 53%, 95% CI 40–65; specificity 66%, 95% CI 64–68). CONCLUSION: Our data show poor sensitivity of second-trimester Doppler ultrasound measurements for prediction of preeclampsia overall in a well-characterized, low-risk, nulliparous population. The technique has utility in identifying poor trophoblast invasion of spiral arteries of a magnitude that severely compromises uteroplacental blood flow and gives early-onset disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Hardware Design and Analysis of HB Type Lightweight Authentication Protocols for Pervasive Devices

Background/Objectives: In this paper, we provide the hardware design of four earlier lightweight authentication protocols categorized as Hopper-Blum (HB) and HopperBlum-Munilla-Peinado (HB-MP) type protocols: HB, HB+, HB-MP, and HB-MP+. Methods/Statistical analysis: Linear feedback shift registers were employed to generate random numbers and bits.Two dot product units: Block (using XOR and AND gates) and serialized (one XOR, one AND gate) are designed to provide atradeoff between area and latency.One round one-way function is designed to generate round keys for HBMP+ protocol.The protocols were designed using Verilog HDL, simulated with Modelsim SE and synthesized with Xilinx Design Suite 14.3. Findings: Though the securities of HB authentication protocols are well established, the real world hardware implementations have been neglected. With no hardware implementation results for HB type authentication protocols, 1 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 118 No. 19 2018, 1927-1946 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu
Subcellular localization of beta-catenin in malignant cell lines and squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity.

BACKGROUND Beta-catenin, an E-cadherin-associated protein involved in cell-cell adhesion and signaling, has been hypothesized to translocate to the nucleus and activate transcription in several human cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). METHODS In the present study, we analyzed the subcellular localization of beta-catenin in cultures of human oral normal and malignant (cell lines SCC15 and SCC25) keratinocytes and in 24 frozen samples of oral squamous cell carcinomas by a double-staining technique for nucleic acids and beta-catenin. Growth potential, as assessed by cell count at different time periods, was established for normal, SCC15 and SCC25 cell lines; oral squamous cell carcinomas were classified according to the histopathological and malignancy indexes. RESULTS Beta-catenin localized at the plasma membrane in the normal and SCC15 cells, not in the SCC25 cells, where it localized mostly in the perinuclear and nuclear areas. In the growth assays, SCC25 cell lines proliferated faster than in normal and SCC15 cells over a period of 6 days (cell numbers were significantly different, P < 0.0001). Carcinoma sections showed a combination of membranous, cytoplasmic and, in few invading epithelial islands of two tumors, nuclear localization of beta-catenin. CONCLUSIONS In oral squamous cell carcinomas, nuclear beta-catenin staining was observed only within invading islands of two carcinomas deep in the underlying connective tissue. On the basis of this study, we conclude that intranuclear beta-catenin does not appear to be a common finding in oral squamous cell carcinomas and that a clear association between intranuclear beta-catenin and histopathological and malignancy indexes in vivo could not be established.
The Relationship Between Age of Onset For Delinquent Behaviour and Chronic Drug Abuse Among Adolescents

The aim of this study is to investigate whether chronic drug abusers begin their involvement in delinquent behaviors at a significantly early age than non-chronic abusers. The total participants of this study consisted of 138 male adolescents from a drug treatment and rehabilitation center. Their ages ranged between 17 to 21 years old. The instruments used in this study are an adaptation version of the Measuring Risk and Protective Factors For Drug Abuse and Other Delinquents Behavior and the Drug Use Screening Inventory. The result shows that the majority of the chronic drug abusers began their involvement in delinquent behaviors at a significantly early age than the non-chronic abusers. The implications of this study towards developing counseling and preventive efforts are also discussed.