Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The AC Loss Measurement of the KSTAR PF1 Coils During the First Commissioning

The AC loss in a large superconducting magnet coil shows a tendency to be changed after assembly. For the ac loss measurement of the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) superconducting coils after assembly, several current scenarios, trapezoidal pulses and a DC offset sinusoidal pulses, were applied to the PF1 Upper (U) and Lower (L) coils during the commissioning. The measurement was done once before and once after the plasma discharge experiments. All coil data were obtained by the tokamak monitoring system and helium distribution system which were designed to measure temperature, pressure, and mass-flow at both inlets and outlets of the coils. The PF1 coils of the cable-in-conduit conductor type were made of Nb3Sn superconducting strands, whose winding scheme is 20 layers with each layer having 9 turns. Each has 10 cooling channels for the heat removal by the supercritical helium at 4.5 K. For the trapezoidal pulse tests, the current was increased up to 4 kA with several different ramp rates and a 2 kA DC offset and 0.5 kA sine waves with different frequencies from 0.1 Hz to 0.3 Hz were applied to the coil. According to the analyses, the AC loss was slightly decreased for the same condition after 700 plasma shots. It was believe that such a result was due to reduced inter-strand resistances which changed the transverse resistance between the inter-strands. The coupling time constant was estimated to be 32 ms in the trapezoidal tests and 13.6 ms for the DC offset sinusoidal pulses. The former is larger than the latter because of the effect of the jacket eddy current loss due to Incoloy 908 which is a ferromagnetic material. Considering the jacket eddy current losses, the coupling time constant was recalculated and the value estimated to be about 13 ms for all current wave forms during first commissioning.
Additional antiprotozoal constituents from Cuphea pinetorum, a plant used in Mayan traditional medicine to treat diarrhoea

In addition to kaempferol and quercetin already found in the roots from Cuphea pinetorum, bioassay‐guided fractionation of the crude extract of the aerial part of this species gave four flavonoid glycosides, quercetin‐3‐O‐α‐rhamnopyranoside, luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, apigenin‐7‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranoside and apigenin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, as well as squalen and β‐sitosterol. In vitro antiamoebic and antigiardial activities of isolated compounds indicated that kaempferol is the principal antiprotozoal agent in C. pinetorum. Based on finding this antiprotozoal inhibitor, flavonoids were studied in order to elucidate structure‐activity relationships. These data suggest that kaempferol may play an important role in antidiarrhoeal activity of C. pinetorum. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Pigeon Paradox: Dependence of Global Conservation on Urban Nature

ROBERT R. DUNN,∗ MICHAEL C. GAVIN,† MONICA C. SANCHEZ,‡ AND JENNIFER N. SOLOMON§ ∗Department of Zoology, Graduate Ecology Group, North Carolina State University, Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, U.S.A. , email rob dunn@ncsu.edu †School of Geography, Environment, and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, New Zealand ‡Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-2176, U.S.A. §Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430, U.S.A.
Farmers ’ Perception of the Eff ects of Land Degradation on Agricultural Activities in Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State , Nigeria

One of the most serious problems currently aff ecting agricultural productivity in developing countries of the tropics, including Nigeria, is land degradation. Th is study assessed the farmers’ perception of the eff ects of land degradation on agricultural activities in Ethiopia East LGA of Delta State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of the respondents. A total of 60 farmers were randomly selected through the use of structured interview schedule. Th e data were analyzed using frequency, percentage and mean statistic. Th e results of the study revealed that, the major causes of land degradation as perceived by the farmers in the area included: accelerated erosion ( x =1.87), deforestation ( x =1.72), non-adoption of adequate soil conservation measures ( x =1.37), administrative and institutional problems ( x =1.70) and exploration of crude oil ( x =1.70). Th e perceived major eff ects of land degradation on agricultural production were: decrease in farm land available for cultivation ( x =3.85), reduction in farm yields/output ( x =3.82) and loss of nutrients/ organic matter ( x =3.81). To restore, sustain and enhance the productive and protective functions of the land in the area, the study recommended soil productivity restoration approaches {application of manure ( x =2.00), mixed cropping ( x =1.92), crop rotation ( x =1.18)} and eff ective stakeholders participation in land use planning and management ( x =1.78).
Interregional differences in the systolic and diastolic response of nonischemic myocardium to remote coronary occlusion.

BACKGROUND Previous work showed a twofold increase in stiffness of nonischemic myocardium at the base during ischemia of the left anterior wall. Whether the diastolic response of nonischemic myocardium to remote ischemia depends on the localization of the ischemic or the nonischemic area is unknown. METHODS In dogs with open chests, regional function in ischemic and nonischemic myocardium was assessed (sonomicrometry) before and 5 min after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD; n = 7) or the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX; n = 7). RESULTS In nonischemic myocardium at the base, left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary artery occlusion both resulted in a twofold increase in chamber stiffness, whereas contractility and peak lengthening rate remained unchanged. In nonischemic myocardium of the posterior wall, left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion resulted in a significant (P<0.05 vs. control, P<0.05 vs. base) increase (mean+/-SD) in chamber stiffness (25+/-6%), contractility (17+/-5%), and peak lengthening rate (28+/-6%). In nonischemic myocardium at the apex, left circumflex coronary artery occlusion resulted in a significant (P<0.05 vs. control, P<0.05 vs. base) increase in chamber stiffness (15+/-5%), contractility (16+/-4%), and peak lengthening rate (19+/-6%). CONCLUSIONS Stiffening of remote nonischemic myocardium occurs regardless of the localization of the ischemic and nonischemic area. The systolic and diastolic responses of nonischemic myocardium are not necessarily homogenous but may vary among different regions.
Eye‐tracking analysis of user behavior and performance in web search on large and small screens

In recent years, searching the web on mobile devices has become enormously popular. Because mobile devices have relatively small screens and show fewer search results, search behavior with mobile devices may be different from that with desktops or laptops. Therefore, examining these differences may suggest better, more efficient designs for mobile search engines. In this experiment, we use eye tracking to explore user behavior and performance. We analyze web searches with 2 task types on 2 differently sized screens: one for a desktop and the other for a mobile device. In addition, we examine the relationships between search performance and several search behaviors to allow further investigation of the differences engendered by the screens. We found that users have more difficulty extracting information from search results pages on the smaller screens, although they exhibit less eye movement as a result of an infrequent use of the scroll function. However, in terms of search performance, our findings suggest that there is no significant difference between the 2 screens in time spent on search results pages and the accuracy of finding answers. This suggests several possible ideas for the presentation design of search results pages on small devices.
Effect of IEM 1460 – a selective antagonist of GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors – on the action of conventional antiepileptic drugs against maximal electroshock in mice

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of combined treatment with IEM-1460 (a selective GluR2lacking, Ca2+ permeable AMPA receptors) and conventional antiepileptic drugs: CBZ (carbamazepine), valproate (VPA), phenobarbital (PB), and phenytoin (PHT) against maximal electroshock-induced convulsions in mice. IEM1460 (up to 30 mg/kg) did not show anticonvulsant action in the test for electroconvulsive threshold. The substance did not influence the antiseizure effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs. This may indicate that not all AMPA receptor antagonists may be useful as additive drugs in the complex therapy of epilepsy. On the other hand, the GluR2-lacking, Ca2+ permeable subtype of AMPA receptors may be not crucial for seizure phenomena.
Routes of Opioid Abuse and its Novel Deterrent Formulations

This review aimed to investigate the abuse patterns of common prescription opioids currently on the market by collecting large-scale surveys of different abuser populations. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze the efficacy and properties of currently implemented abuse-deterrent formulations (ADF) for these compounds. Our investigation showed that while oxycodone and oxymorphone are primarily abused by oral ingestion and insufflations, respectively, their ADF products (reformulated OxyContin and Opana ER) show some encouraging results to deter their abuse. Tapentadol is not popular amongst abuser populations, its ADF are difficult to tamper with, and it does not produce significantly desirable effects in noncompliant patients when compared to other opioids. Hydromorphone is predominantly abused by injection, and any effective abuse-deterrent strategy must specifically prioritize and target this route. Current formulations have successfully conferred aversive properties onto the drug in the event of preparation for injection, yet overall rates of hydromorphone abuse remain high, suggesting that more innovative steps need to be taken. Despite novel deterrent technologies that collectively offer deterrence by insufflations, injection and co-ingestion with alcohol, more priority needs to be given to deterring the most common and accessible route of abuse, i.e., oral ingestion of multiple doses.
Reexamined: The Recommended Endotracheal Intubating Dose for Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers of Rapid Onset

The results of any study of the relative importance of anesthetic depth versus intensity of neuromuscular block on conditions for endotracheal intubation can be manipulated by the investigator. Several independent factors, such as the depth of hypnosis induced, the interval between drug administration and laryngoscopy, the onset profile of the muscle relaxant, and the multiple of the 95% effective dose given, must be controlled. We attempted to design an induction sequence that provided good to excellent conditions for laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation within 75–90 s of muscle relaxant administration with doses smaller than often suggested, while still administering only customary amounts of hypnotics and opioids. Alfentanil 12.5 &mgr;g/kg, propofol 2.0 mg/kg, and a test drug were administered rapidly. The test drugs were saline 0.05 mL/kg (n = 10), rapacuronium 1.0 or 1.2 mg/kg, or rocuronium 0.50 mg/kg (n = 30 each). Laryngoscopy was commenced 75 s after the test drug. Clinically acceptable conditions for intubation were achieved in all subjects after rocuronium or rapacuronium 1.2 mg/kg and in 28 of 30 patients after rapacuronium 1.0 mg/kg. In the Saline group, only 3 individuals achieved a good or excellent rating, and intubation was impossible in 2 of 10 individuals. For muscle relaxants of low potency, doses only 1.5 times the 95% effective dose can provide very satisfactory conditions for intubation if laryngoscopy is delayed to 75 s after drug administration.
Curdlan properties for application in fat mimetics for meat products

Gelling characteristics and viscoelastic properties of aqueous suspensions of curdlan were investigated by dynamic viscoelasticity measurements. The mechanical spectrum of the suspension was similar to that of weak gels, suggesting the suspension has a well-regulated particle-alignment with yield stress. Curdlan reached the highest moisture absorption rate within the temperature range in which the most significant moisture loss of meat occurs. These results suggest that curdlan could be an effective main ingredient in fat mimetics for meat products. Nonfat sausages using the curd lan-based fat mimetics were prepared and evaluated by a creep test and indicated curdlan was effective as a fat re-placer in such systems.
Hemifacial seizures and cerebellar ganglioglioma: An epilepsy syndrome of infancy with seizures of cerebellar origin

We investigated a 6‐month‐old infant with daily episodes of left hemifacial contraction, head and eye deviation to the right, nystagmoid jerks to the right, autonomic dysfunction, and retained consciousness. The episodes began on day 1 of life and were unresponsive to antiepileptic medication. Interictal and ictal scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the left cerebellar hemisphere and peduncle. Ictal single‐photon emission computed tomography revealed focal hyperperfusion in the region of the cerebellar mass. Ictal EEG recordings with implanted cerebellar electrodes demonstrated focal seizure discharges in the region of the mass. Resection of the mass resulted in remission of seizures and histopathology revealed ganglioglioma. Six previously reported infants with similar semiology (described as “hemifacial spasm”), imaging findings, and histopathology are reviewed. We believe the previously reported infants and our patient constitute a rare but important clinicopathological syndrome of infancy characterized by epileptic seizures of cerebellar origin.
Mobile phones and the good life: Examining the relationships among mobile use, social capital and subjective well-being

The number of mobile phone subscriptions worldwide reached almost 7 billion in 2013. Therefore, the social and psychological consequences of the technology are of great interest to new media scholars and policy makers. Adopting an affordance-based approach, this study examines how different uses of the mobile phone are related to individuals’ subjective well-being and social capital. Findings from a national survey showed that both voice and online communication with the mobile phone is positively related to various indicators of subjective well-being and bonding and bridging capital. Moreover, both bonding and bridging capital mediated the relationship between mobile phone use and subjective well-being. On the other hand, non-communicative uses, such as information seeking activities, were negatively related to positive affect and passing time activities were positively related to negative affect. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Dabigatran in Atrial Fibrillation: New Kid on the Block

In Canada, atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia.1 It is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality, with cardioembolic stroke being one of the most feared complications.2 Anticoagulation is an effective means of reducing the risk of stroke. Currently, warfarin is the preferred agent in patients at high risk of stroke.3,4 However, maintaining warfarin therapy within its narrow therapeutic window is challenging, even for specialized anticoagulation clinics.5 Many factors contribute to the variable dose response of warfarin, such as inter-individual variability, comorbidities and drug and food interactions.5 Dabigatran is a novel therapeutic alternative that provides more predictable anticoagulation with less laboratory monitoring, and it is poised to take over some of warfarin's role in AF stroke prophylaxis. While other novel agents, such as rivaroxaban and apixaban, have proven to be beneficial in stroke prophylaxis in AF, discussion of their roles is beyond the scope of this article.
CROPS : high tech agricultural robots

In the EU-funded CROPS (Clever Robots for Crops) project high tech robots are developed for site-specific spraying and selective harvesting of fruit and fruit vegetables. The harvesting robots are being designed to harvest high-value crops such as greenhouse vegetables, fruits in orchards and grapes for premium wines. The CROPS robots are also developed for canopy spraying in orchards and for precision target spraying in grape vines to reduce the use of pesticides. A CROPS robot will be able to detect the fruit, sense its ripeness, then move to grasp and gently detach only the ripe fruit. For crop protection the canopy sprayer can detect contours of trees in an orchard and consequently only spraying on the trees and the precision target sprayer can detect diseases on leaves of vine grapes and only spray pesticides on the affected spots of the leaves. In the CROPS project also attention is paid to reliable detection and classification of objects and obstacles for autonomous navigation in a safe way in plantations and forests. For the several applications within the CROPS project platforms were developed. Sensing systems and appropriate vision algorithms for the platforms have been developed. For the software platform the Robot Operating System (ROS) is used. A 9 degrees of freedom (DOF) manipulator was designed and built and tested for sweet-pepper harvesting, apple harvesting and in close range spraying. The 9-DOF manipulator is modular, since the joint configuration can be adapted to the applications, e.g. 6 DOF for the close range spraying. For the different applications different end-effectors were designed and tested. The main results of the CROPS project will be the applications, the so-called demonstrators For sweet pepper a platform that can move in between the crop rows on the common greenhouse rail system which also serves as heating pipes was built and equipped with a sensing and lightning system, the manipulator and end-effectors. The complete system was tested and showed to growers in a lab situation. The apple harvesting platform is based on a current mechanical grape harvester. In discussion with growers so-called 'walls of fruit trees' have been designed which bring robots closer to the practice. This system, equipped with a sensing system the CROPS manipulator and a special end-effector, has been successfully tested in an orchard. A canopy-optimised sprayer has been designed as a trailed sprayer with a centrifugal blower. The system has been successfully tested in an orchard with a significant reduction of pesticide use. For close range target spraying the spraying robot in a greenhouse experiment with grape vines reduced the pesticide consumption with 84%.
The incidence of sporadic viral hepatitis in North India: a preliminary study.

BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) among the major etiological agents is responsible for both sporadic and epidemic outbreaks. The epidemic outbreak is water-borne whereas the sporadic outbreak is possibly through contact. Various diagnostic tools at times fail to pinpoint the cause of viral hepatitis. This study was carried out to evaluate the utility of ELISA and nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) for the diagnosis of sporadic and acute viral hepatitis (AVH) caused by HEV in an endemic situation in North India. METHODS Serum samples were collected from all the affected and suspected persons and subjected to serological detection of HAV IgM, HBsAg, HCV antibody and HEV IgM. The samples that were positive for HEV IgM were further processed for the detection of HEV RNA by nRT-PCR. RESULTS A total of 843 samples were collected from 685 patients with AVH, 70 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), 53 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), 11 patients with antituberculosis therapy (ATT)-induced jaundice, and 24 pregnant women. The percentage of positivity for anti-HEV IgM was 58.3% in the pregnant women, 41.4% in the patients with FHF, 38.6% in the patients with AVH, 9.4% in the patients with CLD and 18.2% in the patients with ATT induced jaundice. 9.4% of HBsAg carriers were positive for anti-HEV IgM. Males outnumbered females (62.8% vs. 37.1%). Furthermore, the rates of fulminant and acute outbreaks of hepatitis with HEV RNA positivity were 41.4% and 9.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION Serological and molecular analysis should be combined for the diagnosis of viral infections, especially in endemic areas.
Attention Networks for Weakly Supervised Object Localization

We consider the problem of weakly supervised learning for object localization. Given a collection of images with image-level annotations indicating the presence/absence of an object, our goal is to localize the object in each image. We propose a neural network architecture called the attention network for this problem. Given a set of candidate regions in an image, the attention network ﬁrst computes an attention score on each candidate region in the image. Then these candidate regions are combined together with their attention scores to form a whole-image feature vector. This feature vector is used for classifying the image. The object localization is implicitly achieved via the attention scores on candidate regions. We demonstrate that our approach achieves superior performance on several benchmark datasets.
Detection of putative virulence genes in Aeromonas isolates from humans and animals.

INTRODUCTION Aeromonas are food- and water-borne bacteria that are considered to be zoonotic human pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the presence of genes associated with virulence in human and animal Aeromonas isolates and the potential role of animal isolates with regards to human Aeromonas infections. METHODOLOGY The presence of aerA, hlyA, alt, ast, laf, ascF-G, stx1 and stx2 putative virulence genes in 40 human and animal Aeromonas isolates (16 human and 24 animal isolates) were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA fragments of expected sizes were purified and sequenced. BLAST in the NCBI was used to verify any amplified products. RESULTS PCR screening showed that hlyA, alt, and laf genes were determined at ratios of 6.25%, 50%, and 6.25%, respectively, in human isolates. The ratios of hlyA, alt, ascF-G, laf, stx2, and stx1 genes in animal isolates were 58.3%, 20.83%, 33.3%, 20.83%, 8.33%, and 4.17%, respectively. Neither aerA nor ast genes were detected in any isolates. Any one of eight putative virulence genes was not detected in seven human and eight animal isolates in the study. CONCLUSIONS The current study is the first to investigate the presence of the virulence gene in gull Aeromonas isolates. The manifestation of the presence of the virulence gene and gene combinations was considerable, especially in fish and gull isolates when compared with clinical human isolates. The current study demonstrates the potential importance of fish and gulls in terms of human Aeromonas infections.