Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LES of Recirculating Flow Without Any Homogeneous Direction : A Dynamic One-Equation Subgrid Model

Standard dynamic subgrid models have numerical stability problems. The remedy is to average in some homogeneous flow direction(s) or to introduce some artificial clipping. Thus this type of models do not seem to be applicable to real three-dimensional flow without introducing ad hoc user modifications. In the present study a first attempt to formulate a new one-equation subgrid model is presented which reduces the need of this type of user-modifications. The model is applied to recirculating flow in an enclosure.
Regional Aspects of Business Environment Creation in the SME Segment in Slovakia

The aim of this article is to define, quantify and compare the significant attributes of creation and development of the business environment for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in selected regions of Slovakia. Within this stated objective, relevant factors and business relationships between entrepreneurs and the socio-economic system were analysed. The entrepreneurs´ perception of their environment (state, company, banks etc.) was evaluated. The data was collected through a questionnaire. The whole research was conducted in the Bratislava region on a sample of 102 SMEs, in the region of Trencin on a sample of 105 SMEs and in the Zilina region on a sample of 168 SMEs. Thus we compared important factors of business environment in the most economically developed region of the Slovak capital to the average regions of Trencin and Zilina. Entrepreneurs stated a quality of not being afraid to risk as the most essential characteristic feature of a businessman. The following qualities were mentioned as well: expertise, responsibility and persistence. The largest number of entrepreneurs in all the regions of Slovakia said that the state institutions just bully them and create unnecessary obstacles. Entrepreneurs indicated that commercial banks´ approach to SMEs financing remains problematic. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n3p637
ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION OF Orobanche cumana GERMINATION

SUMMARY It is widely known that Orobanche cumana seeds need a conditioning phase of several days under suitable temperatures and wet conditions before being able to germinate in response to germination stimulants. In a series of experiments we showed that O. cumana seeds respond to the synthetic germination stimulants Nijmegen-1 and GR24 even without prior conditioning. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that, under certain field circumstances, non-conditioned Orobanche seeds may also germinate when a host root comes close to them.
Characterizing Unsaturated Diffusion in Porous Tuff Gravel

Evaluation of solute diffusion in unsaturated porous gravel is very important for investigations of contaminant transport and remediation, risk assessment, and waste disposal (e.g., the potential high‐level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada). For a porous aggregate medium such as granular tuff, the total water content is comprised of surface water and interior water. The surface water component (water film around grains and pendular water between the grain contacts) could serve as a predominant diffusion pathway. To investigate the extent to which surface water films and contact points affect solute diffusion in unsaturated gravel, we examined the configuration of water using X‐ray computed tomography (CT) in partially saturated gravel and made quantitative measurements of diffusion at multiple water contents using two different techniques. In the first, diffusion coefficients of KCl in 2‐ to 4‐mm granular tuff at multiple water contents were calculated from electrical conductivity (EC) measurements using the Nernst–Einstein equation. In the second, we used laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA/ICP‐MS) to perform microscale mapping, allowing the measurement of diffusion coefficients for a mixture of chemical tracers for tuff cubes and tetrahedrons having two contact geometries (cube–cube and cube–tetrahedron). The X‐ray computed tomography images show limited contact between grains, and this could hinder the pathways for diffusive transport. Experimental results show the critical role of surface water in controlling transport pathways and hence the magnitude of diffusion. Even with a bulk volumetric water content of 1.5%, the measured solute diffusion coefficient is as low as 1.5 × 10−14 m2 s−1 for tuff gravel. Currently used diffusion models relating diffusion coefficients to total volumetric water content inadequately describe unsaturated diffusion behavior in porous gravel at very low water contents.
An Assessment of ECMWF and NCEP-NCAR Reanalyses in the Southern Hemisphere at the End of the Presatellite Era: Results from the EOLE Experiment (1971-72)

Abstract This article estimates the biases and standard deviations of the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and the 50-yr National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) Reanalysis (NN50) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in 1971–72. These estimates are obtained by comparing the reanalyzed temperatures and winds with EOLE observations, a dataset collected during 480 superpressure-ballon flights in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Dedicated algorithms have been developped to control the quality of this dataset and a stringent selection has been performed on the observations. None of the atmospheric centers has assimilated the EOLE dataset, which is therefore fully independent from the reanalyses. It is furthermore argued that the statistics obtained in this study at the end of the presatellite era may be representative of the reanalysis accuracy since 1957. The results of these comparisons indi.
Effect of Nutritional Health Education Program on Elderly Nutritional Knowledge , Attitude and Practice in Abu Khalifa Primary Health Care

Introduction: Old age is the greatest challenge that an individual faces. It is a continuous process that begins with conception and ends with death. Malnutrition among the aged is caused by a number of factors such as condition of the family, illiteracy, poverty, ignorance, superstition, lack of food, frequent infections etc. In the era of population aging, understanding the dynamic needs along with social psychological dynamics of help-seeking behavior among elderly persons is fundamental to assessing the impact of food programs. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to improve elderly nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice. Subjects and Methods: An interventional study design with pre-post assessment was used. It involved (115) elderly who were selected through a consecutive sample. An interview questionnaire form was designed by the researcher to collect the data pertaining to the study objectives. Results: The pre-post changes in the intake of the main food groups according to recommended daily requirements showed significant decrease of cereals (p0.001), and increase of dairy products (p=0.03). The total knowledge increased from a pre-intervention level of 26.1% to a post-level of 82.6% (p<0.001). The percentage of elderly with total positive attitude increased from a pre-intervention level of 28.7% to a post-level of 60.0% (p<0.001). The percentage of elderly taking balanced diet increased from 7.8% at the preintervention phase to 11.3% at the post-phase. The statistically significant independent predictors of the knowledge scores were the intervention and the level of education, income, and health perception, all being positive. Conclusion: The counseling intervention was effective in improving their knowledge and changing their attitudes to more positive, which led to improvements in their dietary practices.
Potential Protective Effect of Sickle Cell Gene Allele on HIV Infection

James M Oleske*, Hans ML Spiegel, Julie Makani, Anthony Scolpino, Sukhwinder Singh, Keneil Shah, Garrett Gianneschi, James Koola, Robert McLoughlin, Paul Palumbo, Arry Dieudonne, Onajovwe Fofah and Franklin Desposito Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, USA Submission: January 24, 2017; Published: February 09, 2017 *Corresponding author: James M Oleske MD MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, USA, Tel: ; Email:
Growing Without Changing: A Tale of Egypt's Weak Productivity Growth

This paper aims to identify the reasons why economic growth in Egypt, although comparable to its peers, failed to significantly reduce unemployment, lower poverty levels or raise overall productivity. We use cross-country comparisons, counterfactual scenarios and regression analysis to demonstrate that Egypt, even during the high growth period of 2000-10, did not experience a reallocation of excess labour towards modern, productive sectors similar to what occurred in other emerging markets, notably in South East Asia. The results show that, while there is large potential for productivity gains in the Egyptian economy, a limited openness to trade, a low diversification of exports and deficient access to finance prevented the country from witnessing a structural shift of its labour force towards manufacturing and private services, locking Egypt instead within a “low value trap”. The paper then suggests some policy implications of these findings, relating to overcoming the main impediments to preventing an efficient sectoral reallocation of workers.
Closed-loop control of an open cavity flow using reduced-order models

The control of separated fluid flow by reduced-order models is studied using the two-dimensional incompressible flow over an open square cavity at Reynolds numbers where instabilities are present. Actuation and measurement locations are taken on the upstream and downstream edge of the cavity. A bi-orthogonal projection is introduced to arrive at reduced-order models for the compensated problem. Global modes, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modes and balanced modes are used as expansion bases for the model reduction. The open-loop behaviour of the full and the reduced systems is analysed by comparing the respective transfer functions. This analysis shows that global modes are inadequate to sufficiently represent the input–output behaviour whereas POD and balanced modes are capable of properly approximating the exact transfer function. Balanced modes are far more efficient in this process, but POD modes show superior robustness. The performance of the closed-loop system corroborates this finding: while reduced-order models based on POD are able to render the compensated system stable, balanced modes accomplish the same with far fewer degrees of freedom.
Work - Family Conflict and Stress: Evidence from Malaysia

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of work family conflict among the employs of a semi-government organization in East Malaysia. This study has adopted the Workplace scale that was developed by Tate, Whatley, and Clugston (1997) scale in order to measure the effect of work family conflict and the stress level among the employees. The results indicate that the employees appear to have lower level of work - family conflict and lower level of job stress. It is recommended that future research should focus on employees in other organizations both in public and private organizations. The findings of such studies would aid management of these organizations to further understand the effect of work-family conflict and stress among their employees.
Evidence from Event-related Brain Potentials Perception and Bias in the Processing of Compound versus Phrasal Stress :

Previous research using picture/word matching tasks has demonstrated a tendency to incorrectly interpret phrasally stressed strings as compounds. Using event-related potentials, we sought to determine whether this pattern stems from poor perceptual sensitivity to the compound/ phrasal stress distinction, or from a post-perceptual bias in behavioral response selection. A secondary aim was to gain insight into the role played by contrastive stress patterns in online sentence comprehension. The behavioral results replicated previous findings of a preference for compounds, but the electrophysiological data suggested a robust sensitivity to both stress patterns. When incongruent with the context, both compound and phrasal stress elicited a sustained leftlateralized negativity. Moreover, incongruent compound stress elicited a centro-parietal negativity (N400), while incongruent phrasal stress elicited a late posterior positivity (P600). We conclude that the previous findings of a preference for compounds are due to response selection bias, and not a lack of perceptual sensitivity. The present results complement previous evidence for the immediate use of meter in semantic processing, as well as evidence for late interactions between prosodic and syntactic information.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Drivers of Corporate Social Performance: Evidence from Foreign and Domestic Firms in Mexico

The literature on corporate social performance (CSP) is largely split between approaches that consider CSP to be extrinsically driven and those that consider it to be intrinsically driven. While the management literature has paid attention to drivers of both types, the relationship between the two remains largely unstudied, particularly in the international setting. Meanwhile, the international business (IB) literature has addressed the international dimension of CSP more directly, but focuses largely on extrinsic pressures. Our paper links the management and IB literatures by addressing intrinsic drivers (management commitment to ethics) in conjunction with extrinsic (trade-related) drivers for both foreign- and domestically-owned firms in a single-market setting. Using survey data from 121 auto parts suppliers in Mexico, we find that management commitment to ethics is a dominant driver of CSP among both foreign and domestic firms. More importantly, management commitment to ethics interacts positively with trade-related pressures in raising CSP levels.
Attentional Biases in SAD 1 Electrophysiological Evidence of Attentional Biases in Social Anxiety Disorder

Background. Previous studies investigating attentional biases in social anxiety disorder (SAD) have yielded mixed results. Recent event-related potential (ERP) studies employing the dotprobe paradigm in non-anxious participants have shown that the P1 component is sensitive to visuospatial attention toward emotional faces. We used a dot-probe task in conjunction with high-density ERPs and source localization to investigate attentional biases in SAD. Method. Twelve SAD and 15 control participants performed a modified dot-probe task using angry-neutral and happy-neutral face-pairs. The P1 component elicited by face-pairs was analyzed to test the hypothesis that SAD participants would display early hypervigilance to threat-related cues. The P1 component to probes replacing angry, happy or neutral faces was used to evaluate whether SAD participants show sustained hypervigilance or rather decreased visual processing of threat-related cues at later processing stages. Results. Compared to controls, SAD participants showed relatively (a) potentiated P1 amplitudes and fusiform gyrus activation to angry-neutral vs. happy-neutral face-pairs; (b) decreased P1 amplitudes to probes replacing emotional (angry and happy) vs. neutral faces; and (c) higher sensitivity (d') to probes following angry-neutral vs. happy-neutral face-pairs. SAD participants also showed significantly shorter reaction times to probes replacing angry vs. happy faces, but no group differences emerged for reaction time. Conclusions. The results provide electrophysiological support for early hypervigilance to angry faces in SAD with involvement of the fusiform gyrus, and reduced visual processing of emotionally salient locations at later stages of information processing, which might be a manifestation of attentional avoidance. Attentional Biases in SAD 3
An Italian Prospective Study on Autism Treatment: The Earlier, the Better?

Background: Neurocognitive models of autism suggest that starting a treatment at a younger age might be a critical factor in promoting optimal outcomes. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between age at start of treatment and outcomes in a group of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) in Italy. Methods: Thirty-nine children between 22 and 77 months of age diagnosed with ASDs were divided into two groups on the basis of their age at start of a community-based behavioral treatment. Measures of severity of symptoms, cognitive abilities and adaptive functioning were collected at the beginning of the treatment (Time 1) and one year after (Time 2) to examine group differences in treatment outcomes. Our working hypothesis was that children who started the treatment at a younger age would show a more positive response to treatment compared to children who started at later age. Results: Compared with children who received a diagnosis and started the treatment at a later age, children in the early treatment group showed a better outcome in terms of attenuation of symptoms severity. No group differences were found in terms of adaptive functioning and cognitive abilities, with both groups equally improving their performance. Conclusions: Age at start of the treatment seems to be an important factor to promote gains in the social communication domain. However, gains in adaptive functioning and cognitive skills in our sample were not related to age. The positive effect of a community-based intervention in children with an early diagnosis of ASDs might be due to the plasticity of neural systems in age-dependent stages. The possibility that early intervention could substantially alter the course of behavioral and brain development in children with autism points to the urgent need for more research on treatment in this population.
Feeding behavior and activity patterns of Amazon red squirrels

Abstract Foraging sites are important for the survival of animals. Individuals cue on characteristics of the forest that offer enough food resources and also provide safety. During June and July of 2009 and 2010, we studied northern and southern Amazon red squirrels (Sciurus igniventris, S. spadiceus) to determine what forest characteristics were associated with feeding sites. We examined habitat use at three levels: vegetation community where feeding sign was located, site characteristics of the forest immediately surrounding the feeding sign, and the tree exhibiting feeding sign. We measured the site characteristics inside a 10-m radius circular plot, the physical characteristics of the tree exhibiting feeding sign, and the same variables at random locations for comparison. Because there is lack of knowledge about these squirrels, we also conducted focal observations to study their behavior. Squirrels use mainly high and low restinga and selected Astrocaryum and Attalea palm trees that were taller and larger compared with random locations. Squirrels used all vertical strata of the forest, and the main behaviors observed were travel and forage. Behaviors occurred similarly across the day but differed by vertical strata. Although squirrels used vegetation communities different than available and selected for tree characteristics, site characteristics did not appear to be important in contrast with other tree squirrel species.
Political Commitment and Sense of Social Responsibility among Social Entrepreneurs in Davao City, Philippines

Social entrepreneurs can play a game-changing role in local and national development by introducing social innovation. Strongly committed and mission- driven, they employ entrepreneurial schemes to organize and manage resources through financially sound and economically sustainable entities in order to create social value. This study aimed to determine the levels of political commitment and sense of social responsibility among social entrepreneurs of small and medium-sized social enterprises in Davao City. Using the non-experimental descriptive correlation method to gather survey inputs from 47 respondents, the researchers found that the respondents exhibited high levels of political commitment and sense of social responsibility. Furthermore, a significant relationship existed between political commitment and sense of social responsibility. When analyzed according to sex, no significant difference was observed in the level of political commitment. However, a significant difference appeared when analyzed according to type of business venture. No significant difference was ever observed in the level of sense of social responsibility in both variables.
Living alongside military PTSD: a qualitative study of female partners’ experiences with UK Veterans

Introduction: An increased risk of emotional burden in partners of military Veterans with mental health difficulties has been observed. This study aimed to explore the experiences and needs of female partners of Veterans seeking help. Methods: Our sample of eight female partners was drawn from a population of help-seeking Veterans who had received treatment for PTSD. Qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview schedule. Results: Super-ordinate themes of challenges faced, desired type of support, and barriers to support were each described by a set of sub-themes. Challenges faced were described with the themes of inequality in relationship, loss of congruence with own identity, volatile environment, and emotional distress and isolation. Desired type of support was described by the themes of practical focus on improving, sharing with fellow experts, and support tailored to the partner. Barriers to support were described by the themes feeling restricted by practical barriers and ambival.
Equipping future arts educators for primary schools of the 21st century: an Australian point of view

This article discusses two interrelated themes. First, that arts education plays a valuable role in developing the skills required by successful individuals of an increasingly sophisticated knowledge economy; and second, that arts education programmes in initial primary teacher education courses should be linked to, and compatible with, the needs of future schools. If young people are successfully to develop skills, knowledge and understandings that prepare them as productive citizens of the creative economy, then those enabling that development should understand and in turn be able to demonstrate and foster these capacities.