Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Evaluating DPA Countermeasures for Keccak on a Real ASIC

We present Zorro, a taped-out ASIC hosting three distinct authenticated encryption architectures based on the SpongeWrap construction. All designs target resource-constrained environments such as smart cards or embedded devices and therefore, have been protected against DPA attacks while keeping low-area as the most important design goal in mind. Each of the three architectures contains masking and hiding countermeasures. They solely di er with regard to the implemented secret-sharing scheme. While the rst design is based on a 3-share threshold implementation (TI), which does not ful ll the uniformity property, the other two make use of the 3-share approach with re-masking and the 4-share approach as proposed by Bilgin et al. Our smallest, provable rst-order DPA secure Keccak implementation requires only 14.5 kGE (which is less than half of the size of related work) and contains both front-end and back-end design overheads. Moreover, we present rst DPA results of the Zorro ASIC by comparing hiding and masking countermeasures. We were able to recover the cipherkey from a masking-secured TI implementation based on three shares with about 70 000 power traces.
An Investigation of Exception Handling Practices in . NET and Java Environments

Java, C# and most other modern programming languages depend on exceptions for dealing with unhappy path or abnormal events. Error and exception handling approaches is not yet proper and perfect, though it was a significant improvement over any other mechanisms. It can be claimed that this mechanism is sternly finite, if not, imprecise. This research paper targets to devote to the dialogue by catering computable measures on how software developers are recently dealing with exceptions. We analyzed various software projects in . NET and Java environments. The major finding is that exceptions are not being correctly used as an error recovery mechanism. Handlers for dealing with exceptions are not specially designed for allowing recovery from crisis due to exception and, commonly, one of the following operations are performed by software developers: notification to end user, error logging and termination of application. This research done on exception handling provides a measure helpful for influencing the evolution of upgraded error handling techniques.
A Comparative Study of the Attitude, Concern, and Interaction Levels of Elementary School Teachers and Teacher Candidates towards Inclusive Education.

Inclusion is an educational approach providing students with special needs with education in nor- mal classrooms, which is the least restrictive educational environment for them by offering the necessary services for full time or part time. Although the necessary laws and regulations appear to execute this inclusive practice properly in Turkey, there are some problems regarding its imp- lementation. Aim of this study contributes to the implementation by determining and solving the problems encountered in the inclusive practices by developing an assessment instrument com- paring the attitude, concern and interaction levels of pre-service and in-service elementary teac- hers towards inclusive education. The study sample consists of 68 in-service elementary teachers working at central elementary schools in Amasya and 112 pre-service elementary teachers in the elementary education program of Amasya University during the 2009-2010 academic year. For the study, an assessment consisting of four parts was developed and applied as a data collection ins- trument. The data gathered from the study was analyzed using the SPSS 18.00 package program. With the findings obtained, it has been determined that there are significant differences between the in-service and pre-service teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education and their interac- tions with individuals with special needs. It has been concluded that these differences are related to occupational experience and the preparation levels of the individuals with special needs. The findings of this study suggest that professional development workshops and seminars on special and inclusive education would improve the knowledge of in-service elementary teachers and en- hance the qualification of the inclusive practices.
Heuristics and Biases as Measures of Critical Thinking: Associations with Cognitive Ability and Thinking Dispositions

In this article, the authors argue that there are a range of effects usually studied within cognitive psychology that are legitimately thought of as aspects of critical thinking: the cognitive biases studied in the heuristics and biases literature. In a study of 793 student participants, the authors found that the ability to avoid these biases was moderately correlated with a more traditional laboratory measure of critical thinking—the ability to reason logically when logic conflicts with prior belief. The correlation between these two classes of critical thinking skills was not due to a joint connection with general cognitive ability because it remained statistically significant after the variance due to cognitive ability was partialed out. Measures of thinking dispositions (actively open-minded thinking and need for cognition) predicted unique variance in both classes of critical thinking skills after general cognitive ability had been controlled.
COMPARISON OF LONG-TERM TRENDS OF ZOOPLANKTON FROM TWO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ACROSS THE NORTH PACIFIC: NORTHEASTERN ASIAN MARGINAL SEA AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM

Long-term trends of zooplankton biomass (1968– 2009) and major zooplankton taxa (1978–2009) were examined across the North Pacific in the Northeastern Asian Marginal Sea (NeAMS) and the Southern California Current System (SCC) to test for evidence of basin-scale synchrony. Zooplankton biomass showed contrasting long-term patterns in the two regions: an increasing trend (as wet mass) in the NeAMS, but a decreasing trend (as displacement volume) in the SCC. Zooplankton biomass covaried with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in the NeAMS, but with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation in the SCC. In the NeAMS, increasing zooplankton biomass was closely associated with increases of all major zooplankton groups (copepods, chaetognaths, euphausiids, and hyperiid amphipods). In the SCC, decreasing zooplankton biomass was caused by declining tunicates and chaetognaths. Seasonal cycles and responses to El Nino also differed between the two regions. In this cross-basin comparison, zooplankton showed differing patterns that reflect region-specific physical and biotic processes rather than synchronous responses to large-scale atmosphere-ocean forcing.
Extraction of alginate biopolymer present in marine alga sargassum filipendula and bioadsorption of metallic ions

This paper studies the bioadsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions by marine alga Sargassum filipendula and by the alginate biopolymer extracted from this alga. The objective is to evaluate the importance of this biopolymer in removing different metallic ions by the marine alga S. filipendula. In the equilibrium study, the same affinity order was observed for both bioadsorbents: Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+. For Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions when the alginate is isolated and acting as bioadsorbents, adsorption capacities greater than those found for the alga were observed, indicating that it is the main component responsible for the removal of metallic ions. For Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions, greater bioadsorption capacities were observed for the alga, indicating that other functional groups of the alga, such as sulfates and amino, are also important in the bioadsorption of these ions.
An Experimental Study on the Relevance and Scope of Nationality as a Coordination Device

type="main" xml:id="ecin12097-abs-0001"> In a period marked by extensive cross-national interactions, nationality may present an important focal point that individuals coordinate on. This study uses an experimental approach to study whether nationality serves as a coordination device. We let subjects from Japan, Korea, and China play coordination games in which we vary information about their partner. The results show that nationality serves as a coordination device if common nationality is the only piece of information available to the subjects. The strength of this device is nationality-dependent and diminishes when participants are provided with additional information about their partner. We also find that subjects are likely to coordinate on the Pareto-dominant equilibrium at about the same rate if the partner has a different nationality than if nationality is unknown. (JEL C91, C92, Z1, Z13)
Identifying Emotions in Opera Singing: Implications of Adverse Acoustic Conditions

The expression of emotion is an inherent aspect in singing, especially in operatic voice. Yet, adverse acoustic conditions, as, e. g. , a performance in open-air, or a noisy analog recording, may affect its perception. State-of-the art methods for emotional speech evaluation have been applied to operatic voice, such as perception experiments, acoustic analyses, and machine learning techniques. Still, the extent to which adverse acoustic conditions may impair listeners’ and machines’ identification of emotion in vocal cues has only been investigated in the realm of speech. For our study, 132 listeners evaluated 390 nonsense operatic sung instances of five basic emotions, affected by three noises (brown, pink, and white), each at four Signal-to-Noise Ratios (-1 dB, -0.5 dB, +1 dB, and +3 dB); the performance of state-of-the-art automatic recognition methods was evaluated as well. Our findings show that the three noises affect similarly female and male singers and that listeners’ gender did not play a role. Human perception and automatic classification display similar confusion and recognition patterns: sadness is identified best, fear worst; low aroused emotions display higher confusion.
Development and Characterization of EST Based SSR Markers in Madagascar Periwinkle ('Catharanthus roseus') and Their Transferability in Other Medicinal Plants

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers derived from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are important resources for gene discovery and mapping. The objectives of the work presented here are to develop EST based SSR markers, their polymorphism in Catharanthus roseus and to study Cross-species transferability in other medicinal plants. C. roseus is a plant of great medicinal value and contains more than 130 alkaloids namely vincristine, vinblastine, ajamalcine, serpentine, etc. In this study, we analyzed 19899 ESTs and identified 2034 SSRs from 1763 SSR-containing unique ESTs. Of the 2034 EST-SSRs, 42.8% were dinucleotide repeats, 41.9% tri, 6.8% tetra, 4.7% penta and 3.6% were hexanucleotide repeats. From these SSR-containing ESTs, a total of 170 primer pairs were designed among them 20 were selected randomly for the validation of amplification and polymorphism in C. roseus. Out of these 20 primer pairs, 16 (80%) primer pairs could amplify and among them 11 (55%) exhibited polymorphic profiles in C. roseus genotypes. Furthermore, transferable analysis of these primer pairs revealed high Cross-species transferability (31-57%) in three medicinally important plants Croton macrostachyus, Salvia schimperi and Ageratum conizoides. The high reproducibility, scorable bands per marker (3.2), transferability and polymorphism demonstrate the potential utility of these EST-SSR markers in molecular mapping, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis and comparative mapping in C. roseus and other medicinal plants.
Time varying coefficient model for gap times in ecological momentary assessment data

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies investigate instantaneous and repeated observations on subjects over time in their everyday life. Such study designs are useful for applications to public health and social sciences because they provide intensive information about the temporal pattern of one's behavior. Throughout this dissertation, we will use an EMA study of intermittent smokers (ITS) to demonstrate our method. In this EMA study, events such as smoking are of primary interest. Here, we focus on a particular temporal pattern when smoking events are clustered in time. The distributions of the time-clusters or smoking "bouts" and covariates that predict such behavior are our interest. Traditional linear mixed effects models are not typically equipped to properly assess this kind of investigation. In this dissertation, we introduce a method of displaying the temporal behavior of subjects via functions of event gap times which allow us to easily identify bouts. We also apply an existing time-varying coefficient model to cumulative log gap times to characterize the time patterns of smoking while concomitantly adjusting for behavioral covariates that may be time varying and related to smoking. The mixed effects model we consider here produces a linear function with coefficients that change over time and hence, can identify meaningful temporal changes both at the subject and population levels. We also apply the inverse probability of weighting methods to weight the observed cases and handle missing data generated by the study design. Our method has public health significance in that it allows one to identify time patterns (periodic or otherwise) in health event outcomes that can occur multiple times. Hence, one can characterize the time trajectory of these multiply observed events and possibly develop interventions when necessary to alter the time course of such processes.
Natural Occurrence of Thiouracil in Urine of Livestock in Poland

Abstract Natural occurrence of thiouracil in bovine and swine urine in Poland was investigated. Under the national residue control programme, 537 urine samples were tested. In 77 samples (14.3%) thiouracil was detected above decision limit CCα (0.91 μg L-1), including eight samples over the recommended concentration of 10 μg L-1. Of the bovine urine samples, 95 and 99 percentiles have thiouracil concentration below 4.50 and 14.85 μg L-1 ,and of porcine samples below 2.35 and 6.80 μg L-1, respectively.
XRD, Thermal, Haemolysis and DNA Binding Studies of L-Arginine Functionalized Hydroxyapatite Nano-particles

Hydroxyapatite (HAP), an important bio-mineral, finds numerous applications in the clinical field. As amino acids exhibit synergetic effects on structure, morphology and several bio-logical properties of HAP, an attempt was made by the present authors to synthesize pure and different amount of L-arginine functionalized HAP nano-particles by the surfactant mediated approach. The samples were characterized by using different techniques, viz., powder X-Ray Diffraction (powder XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Thermo-Gravimetry Analysis (TGA). The Williamson and Hall (W-H) analysis was performed on the powder XRD patterns, which indicated the particle size in nano-meter range and the strain associated with nano- particles changed with functionalization of HAP by L-arginine. FTIR study indicated the presence of various functional groups due to the functionalization of L-arginine with HAP. TGA results indicated slightly poor thermal stability of L-arginine functionalized HAP samples with comparison to pure HAP. The DNA binding studies indicated improved DNA binding on L-arginine functionalization of HAP. The haemolysis studies were also carried out.
Biophysics and vegetation cover change: a process-based evaluation framework for confronting land surface models with satellite observations

Abstract. Land use and land cover change (LULCC) alter the biophysical properties of the Earth's surface. The associated changes in vegetation cover can perturb the local surface energy balance, which in turn can affect the local climate. The sign and magnitude of this change in climate depends on the specific vegetation transition, its timing and its location, as well as on the background climate. Land surface models (LSMs) can be used to simulate such land–climate interactions and study their impact in past and future climates, but their capacity to model biophysical effects accurately across the globe remain unclear due to the complexity of the phenomena. Here we present a framework to evaluate the performance of such models with respect to a dedicated dataset derived from satellite remote sensing observations. Idealized simulations from four LSMs (JULES, ORCHIDEE, JSBACH and CLM) are combined with satellite observations to analyse the changes in radiative and turbulent fluxes caused by 15 specific vegetation cover transitions across geographic, seasonal and climatic gradients. The seasonal variation in net radiation associated with land cover change is the process that models capture best, whereas LSMs perform poorly when simulating spatial and climatic gradients of variation in latent, sensible and ground heat fluxes induced by land cover transitions. We expect that this analysis will help identify model limitations and prioritize efforts in model development as well as inform where consensus between model and observations is already met, ultimately helping to improve the robustness and consistency of model simulations to better inform land-based mitigation and adaptation policies. The dataset consisting of both harmonized model simulation and remote sensing estimations is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1182145.
The biomechanics of place kicking in Rugby Union

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Imaging compaction band propagation in Diemelstadt sandstone using acoustic emission locations

We report results from a conventional triaxial test performed on a specimen of Diemelstadt sandstone under an effective confining pressure of 110 MPa; a value sufficient to induce compaction bands. The maximum principal stress was applied normal to the visible bedding so that compaction bands propagated parallel to bedding. The spatio‐temporal distribution of acoustic emission events greater than 40 dB in amplitude, and associated with the propagation of the first compaction band, were located in 3D, to within ±2 mm, using a Hyperion Giga‐RAM recorder. Event magnitudes were used to calculate the seismic b‐value at intervals during band growth. Results show that compaction bands nucleate at the specimen edge and propagate across the sample at approximately 0.08 mm s−1. The seismic b‐value does not vary significantly during deformation, suggesting that compaction band growth is characterized by small scale cracking that does not change significantly in scale.
Optimizing forecast model complexity using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms

When inducing a time series forecasting model there has always been the problem of defining a model that is complex enough to describe the process, yet not so complex as to promote data ‘overfitting’ – the socalled bias/variance trade-off. In the sphere of neural network forecast models this is commonly confronted by weight decay regularization, or by combining a complexity penalty term in the optimizing function. The correct degree of regularization, or penalty value, to implement for any particular problem however is difficult, if not impossible, to know a priori. This chapter presents the use of multi-objective optimization techniques, specifically those of an evolutionary nature, as a potential solution to this problem. This is achieved by representing forecast model ‘complexity’ and ‘accuracy’ as two separate objectives to be optimized. In doing this one can obtain problem specific information with regards to the accuracy/complexity trade-off of any particular problem, and, given the shape of the front on a set of validation data, ascertain an appropriate operating point. Examples are provided on a forecasting problem with varying levels of noise.
Diffuse X-Ray Emission from M101

The total 0.45-1.0 keV luminosity of M101 is 3.2 × 1039 ergs s-1, of which 2.3 × 1039 ergs s-1 is due to diffuse emission. (Chandra observes only ~60% of the diffuse emission observed by ROSAT because of its superior point-source detection.) Of the diffuse emission seen by Chandra, no more than 6% can be due to luminous unresolved point sources, such as X-ray binaries, and ~10% is likely due to dwarf stars. The diffuse emission traces the spiral arms and is roughly correlated with the Hα and far-UV emission. The radial distribution closely follows the optical profile. The bulk of the diffuse emission is characterized by a two-thermal component spectrum with kT = 0.20 and 0.75 keV, and the ratio of the emission measures of the two components is roughly constant as a function of both radius and surface brightness. The softer component has a sufficiently large covering factor that the bulk of the emission is likely extraplanar. We find no evidence of an extended axisymmetric X-ray halo, suggesting that any such halo has a strength much smaller than current predictions.
Tillage effect on reproductive output by foxtail cohorts in corn and soybean

Abstract Reliable estimates of weed fecundity require determination under ranges of management practices such as differing crops and tillage systems. We measured components of reproductive output per plant (numbers of primary tillers, panicles, and seeds; and sizes of panicles) in three emergence cohorts of green foxtail and yellow foxtail growing among corn and soybean in moldboard plow (MP), chisel plow (CP), ridge till (RT), spring disk (SD), and no till (NT). Differences in emergence between crops and foxtail Cohorts 1, 2, and 3 were 5, 0, and −7 d, respectively. In MP, Cohort 1 of green foxtail produced 2.3 primary tillers and 5.6 panicles per plant, and Cohort 1 of yellow foxtail produced 4.6 primary tillers and 9.0 panicles per plant. Panicle size was variable for both species across tillage systems, crops, and cohorts both years. Green foxtail plants produced the most seeds per plant (3,811) in NT corn, and cohorts did not vary greatly, whereas fecundity was highly variable across tillage systems and cohorts in soybean, where it averaged 3,240 (± 388) seeds per plant. Green foxtail seed number per plant were closely related to panicle numbers per plant for each year in corn (r2 = 0.90) and soybean (r2 = 0.78), and the relationship did not vary among tillage systems. Yellow foxtail seed number per plant was closely related to panicle number per plant, and it was specific for each tillage system in corn (r2 = 0.60 to 0.85) and soybean (r2 = 0.65 to 0.92). Estimates for vegetative and reproductive growth were more reliable for green foxtail than for yellow foxtail across tillage systems, crops, cohorts, and years. Nomenclature: Green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVI; yellow foxtail, Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. [= Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. ] SETLU; corn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 3893’; soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Pioneer 9091’.