Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correction to "A review of global modeling of charge transport in semiconductors and full-wave electromagnetics"

Models of semiconductor devices that combine complex transport models with full-wave solutions of Maxwell’s equations are reviewed. Both hydrodynamic and ensemble Monte Carlo transport models are studied. The coupling of such transport models with electrodynamics is discussed and sample results are presented. The physical consistency of the models is considered and some open computational challenges are reviewed.
Choosing a transnational higher education program: what do Vietnamese students rate as important?

Given the impact of globalisation on education, there is an increase in transnational education (TNE) programs in some Asian countries. While much literature in TNE has been on issues of quality assurance, culture and teaching and learning from the providers' perspectives, there is little discussion concerning students' perspectives. This paper provides some understanding of what Vietnamese transnational students rate as important when choosing to study these courses. Data collected from a survey of 333 Vietnamese undergraduate students attending Western-imported programs in Hanoi, Vietnam, and follow-up interviews with ten randomly selected participants, indicate that students are motivated to engage with the TNE programs mainly for international qualifications and English proficiency. The factors affecting their choice predominantly stem from the influence of their parents and the reputation of the awarding university's education systems. This paper highlights the need for incorporating students' perspectives into the provision of transnational programs. It will provide insights for educators and marketers who recruit students to educational contexts similar to that of Vietnam and provide useful information for the evaluation of the current TNE Advanced Programs in Vietnam.
A Comprehensive Review on the Use of NMR Technology in Formation Evaluation

Introduction Nuclear magnetic resonance has been employed in various scientific disciplines for several decades now, especially in the fields of medicine, physics, and chemistry. In the petroleum industry, however, this technology was utilized shortly after it was discovered in 1946. NMR measurements were first deployed for testing fluids in porous media in the laboratories oil companies such as Shell and Chevron during the 50’s of last century. NMR was linked to petrophysical applications when the early endeavors of the researchers showed a clear connection between NMR decay curves and pore size as they repeatedly tested brine-saturated rock sample at different saturation levels. This realization was invested to investigate porosity, permeability, capillary pressure, and other rock properties. NMR borehole logging tools were developed and introduced for commercial use later in 1960’s to allow in situ examination of the formation. Development of
Negative association of vegetable cultivation with the proportion of severely insufficient vegetable intake both directly and indirectly: A cross-sectional study in a city in Gunma, Japan

Objective: To clarify the relationship between the proportion of severely insufficient vegetable intake frequency and 1) vegetable cultivation, 2) frequency of receiving vegetable among non-cultivators. Materials and Methods: Residents aged 20 to 74 years in three areas of a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, were invited to participate. In September 2016, two sets of self-administered questionnaires were mailed to all 2,260 households in the three areas. The survey items covered the frequency of vegetable intake, vegetable cultivation (as a farmer, as a non-farmer, or no-cultivation), frequency of receiving vegetable, and basic characteristics. For vegetable cultivators, we asked the proportion of cultivated vegetables for home consumption and for giving to neighbors. Binomial logistic regression models were used to analyze the data collected. The respondents were classified into two groups according to their vegetable intake frequency: fewer than three times per day (severely insufficient), and at least three times per day. Results: We had 796 valid responses. Using the no-cultivation group as reference, both of the other groups —vegetable cultivation as a farmer, and as a non-farmer— had a significantly smaller proportion of severely insufficient vegetable intake frequency. Among the no-cultivation group, using those who had never received vegetable in the past month as reference, those who rarely, sometimes, or often received vegetables had a significantly smaller proportion of severely insufficient vegetable intake frequency. These associations were similar in cases where vegetable juice was or was not included. The proportion of those who cultivated vegetables for home consumption was 96% among farmers and 100% among non-farmers, respectively, and for giving to neighbors was 84% among farmers and 62% among non-farmers, respectively. Conclusion: A negative association of the proportion of severely insufficient vegetable intake with vegetable cultivation, and with receiving vegetable among non-cultivators, was suggested.
Electromagnetic coupling in frequency-domain induced polarization data: A method for removal

Summary Electromagnetic (EM) coupling is generally considered to be noise in induced polarization (IP) data and interpretation is difficult when its contribution is large compared to the IP signal. The effect is exacerbated by conductive environments and large-array survey geometries designed to explore deeper targets. In this paper we present a methodology to remove EM coupling from frequency-domain IP data. We first investigate the effect of EM coupling on the IP data and derive the necessary equations to represent the IP effect for both amplitude and phase responses of the signal. The separation of the inductive response from the total response in the low-frequency regime is derived using the electric field due to a horizontal electric dipole and it is assumed that at low frequencies the interaction of EM effects and IP effects is negligible. The total electric field is then expressed as a product of a scalar function, which is due to IP effects, and an electric field, which depends on the EM coupling response. It is this representation that enables us to obtain the IP response from EM-coupling-contaminated data. To compute the EM coupling response we recognize that conductivity information is necessary. We illustrate this with a synthetic example. The removal method developed in this work for the phase and the per cent frequency effect (PFE) data are applicable to 1-D, 2-D and 3-D structures. The practical utility of the method is illustrated on a 2-D field example that is typical of mineral exploration problems.
EFFECT OF LONG-TERM AGING ON SERIES RESISTANCE AND JUNCTION CONDUCTIVITY OF HIGH-POWER InGaN LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES

The forward voltage, series resistance, and junction conductivity of commercial high-power InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were investigated as a function of aging time. A gradual decrease of series resistance with a rate of about i1%=1000 h was revealed in InGaN LEDs within rst »9,600 hours of aging under ordinary conditions (nominal forward current 350 mA, junction temperature 350 K), whereas the characteristic energy of tunnel injection exhibited a decrease with a rate of about i0.1%=1000 h. The observed aging effects were attributed to continuous post-fabrication self-annealing of the p-type cladding layer and to the variation of the localized-state density in the active layer of the LED chips.
Introduced American Bullfrog Distribution and Diets in Grand Teton National Park

Abstract Introduced American Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) have been present in Grand Teton National Park since approximately the 1950s, but little is known about their distribution and potential impacts. In this study, we surveyed the current bullfrog distribution and spatial overlap with sympatric native amphibians in the park, and characterized post-metamorphic bullfrog diets from July–September 2015. Despite surveys in multiple large rivers and floodplain habitats, we only documented bullfrogs in a geothermal pond and 5 km of stream channel immediately downstream of this pond. In these waters, bullfrogs overlapped with native amphibians at the downstream end of their distribution, and we did not document native amphibians in bullfrog stomach contents. Larger bullfrogs (SVL ≥ 96 mm) primarily consumed native rodents (especially meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus), while smaller bullfrogs frequently consumed native invertebrates and less frequently consumed non-native invertebrates and fish. Taken together, these data indicate that the distribution and implications of the bullfrog invasion in Grand Teton National Park are currently localized to a small area, so these bullfrogs should therefore be vulnerable to eradication.
Fostering Digital Literacy through Web-based Collaborative Inquiry Learning – A Case Study

Digital literacy (DL), a term that emerged with the explosion of digital information and multimedia technology, refers to basic competence in using digital technology. The present study first analyzed the evolvement from media literacy to digital literacy and developed a four-branch theoretical framework of DL by investigating related definitions of it. For the purpose of fostering DL, a set of web-based collaborative inquiry learning (WCIL) activities was designed and were implemented on weblog to further the DL of secondary 3 students (aged 14 to 15). To provide students with the necessary support and facilitate their progress, eight fortnightly lessons of one to one and a half hours each were arranged, at which students were asked to report/present the latest progress of their WCIL project, and their teacher gave suggestions and offered the students resources to deal with the problems they had encountered.
A mathematical model for heat transfer in grain store microclimates

Australia's reputation as a supplier of insect-free grain is being threatened by Psocids ( Liposcelis spp.), an insect pest which is wreaking havoc within the Australian grain industry. These pests are very mobile and appear to move in and out of infested grain bulks in response to variations in temperature. This movement is the cause of much difficulty in controlling these insects so an understanding of what happens to the heat transfer at the surface of the grain bulk would allow a better understanding of the observed behaviour by these insects. Here we examine the heat transfer at the grain store surface and the grain bulk surface. A heat transfer variant of the theory of "double-diffusivity" is developed, which is a mathematical model that assumes two separate diffusion paths; one for high-diffusivity and one for regular-diffusivity. This approach takes into consideration the fact that the rate of heat transfer through the grain is different to that through the interstitial air surrounding the grain. Based on a heat-balance approach, approximate analytical results are obtained from which the overall variation in temperature close to the grain store wall may be calculated. The behaviour for typical parameter values is shown graphically.
Price Setting Behavior and Hazard Functions: Evidence from Japanese CPI Micro Data

We explore the micro price setting behavior using micro data of the consumer price index (CPI) in Japan. We estimate price hazard functions by the finite mixture model with multiple spells allowing the heterogeneity among price setters. Our estimation supports these striking findings. First, unlike much literature, our estimation finds increasing hazard functions and no decreasing hazard function. The estimated hazard functions are classified mainly into four groups: i) the flexible group; ii) the Calvo pricing group with low frequencies; iii) the Taylor pricing group with regular price changes; and iv) the increasing hazard group. Second, a decreasing empirical hazard function, observed in many countries as well as in Japan, is reproduced by estimated hazard functions of those four groups. Third, the increasing hazard group is likely to follow the time-dependent pricing rather than the state-dependent pricing in our sample period 2000-2004.
Effect of supportive education intervention package on pain and anxiety during labour among primigravida mothers

A quasi experimental study was conducted to determine the effect of Supportive Education Intervention Package on pain and anxiety during labour among sixty primigravida mothers. The subjects selected by purposive sampling of their 36th week of gestation from OPD and OBG ward of Government Taluk hospital, Nedumangadu, Thiruvananthapuram district. Data were collected by using socio demographic proforma, Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Thirty subjects in the experimental group received Supportive Education Intervention Package in two sessions at their 36th and 37th week of gestation and thirty subjects in the control group received routine care. At 36th week, antenatal mothers were given video teaching on breathing exercise, bearing down techniques and different positions in labour; lecture on pain relieving measures and medical and nursing management in labour. Posttest was conducted within one hour after delivery for both control and experimental groups. The result showed that the pain and anxiety in the experimental group were less than that of control group at (p<0.01). The findings showed that this non – invasive technique can be effectively used to decrease the pain and anxiety during labour and encourage mothers for normal vaginal delivery.
The Contribution of Veto Players to Economic Reform

Contrary to the conventional understanding that reform is more difficult when veto players are numerous, we show formally that veto players may encourage policy change by weakening the power of special interests that prefer inefficient reform outcomes. Using the same model, we demonstrate that reform reversals are less likely in the presence of multiple veto players, implying that a constitutional framework conducive to initial reforms may also lock in those achievements over time. We find support for our theoretical perspective in a study of the relationship between veto players and reform in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
Comparative Efficacy of Three Control Protocols of Head Lice ( Pediculus Humanus Capitis ) Infesting Schoolchildren in Mashhad City, Iran

Background: Head lice infestation constitutes a serious health problem in marginalized areas where schoolchildren and their families are mostly affected. This study aimed to compare 3 lice control protocols approved by Ministry of Health and Medical Education, based on 1% permethrin shampoo, 4% dimethicone lotion and (1:1) vinegar wet combing for the treatment of outpatients of Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad city (Iran). Materials and Methods: The quasi-experimental before-and-after design was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of protocols, using SPSS software version 16.0. The study involved 154 infested individuals from both sexes during 2015 and 2016. The patients were clustered into 4-age categories; 13-year-old and their demographics were recorded. The results were recorded on weekly basis by a hospital-based dermatologist and an entomologist. Application times of permethrin, dimethicone and vinegar were 8-10 min, 8 h and 20-30 min respectively. Results: Age, gender, familly size and hair length were the most significant demographic variants involved in treatments outcomes at P ≤ 0.05. The protocols showed different efficacies a week after intervention keeping the same trend to the end. The dimethicone treated group indicated the highest control levels (86% and 74%). The recovery rates at first endpoint were 86, 64.2 and 60.8%, and at the second endpoint were 74, 45.3 and 45.1% for dimethicone, permethrin and vinegar respectively. Dimethicone was 4.3 times more potent than either of vinegar or permethrin (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pediculosis infected school age children of both sexes. Permethrin was as effective as vinegar wet combing, but significantly weaker than dimethicone. Given its efficay on both adult and nit stages, dimethicone can be the drug of choice for pediculosis control.
Magnetostratigraphic reinvestigation of the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary interval in Hole 690B, Maud Rise, Antarctica

SUMMARY Hole 690B, drilled on Maud Rise near Antarctica, provides one of the most important Palaeocene/Eocene boundary interval sections. Magnetostratigraphy plays a key role in dating Palaeocene/Eocene boundary events, but there are two problems with the published scheme in Hole 690B. The first concerns major mismatches of several magnetozones and biozones in the succession. The second is an unexplained pervasive declination cluster, which should not be present in these azimuthally unoriented piston cores. To resolve these issues, a palaeomagnetic reinvestigation was carried out on 98 specimens from 12 cores through the upper Palaeocene–middle Eocene section in Hole 690B. The bulk of the samples carry an approximately uniformly directed magnetically hard component resulting in a declination cluster effectively identical to that of the earlier study. The spurious magnetization can be explained either as an ‘inward-radial magnetization’ or as a ‘core-split overprint’. By estimating the extent of the overprint within each sample, it has been possible to construct a filtered magnetostratigraphy for the section. The result is that many of the magnetozone–biozone mismatches are eliminated, and the record of the 2.5 Myr Chron C24r, which brackets the various events associated with the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary, is considerably cleaner. It is not possible to define the upper and lower boundaries of this magnetochron, so we recommend that the dating of the events within this section be based on the biostratigraphy only.
Survey evidence on price-setting patterns of Romanian firms

This paper presents for Romanian firms the results of the first survey on price-setting patterns among the New Member States of the EU. Diverging from Inflation Persistence Network (IPN) findings, generally small firms perceive higher competitive pressure and adopt the market price, using a state-dependent rule, while lower perceived competition is consistent with medium and large firms using mark-up pricing. Prices are reviewed and changed more often than for EMU firms and are more flexible than wages. Similar to IPN evidence, contracts are the main sources of price stickiness. The survey suggests full price transmission of large unanticipated financial shocks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LACK OF ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION OF δ 15 N OF ORGANIC MATTER DURING LONG-TERM DIAGENESIS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS , ODP LEG 202 , SITES 1234 AND 12351

The isotopic composition of nitrogen in pore water ammonium and in sedimentary organic matter (Norg) was measured at Sites 1234 and 1235 in order to evaluate the impact of long-term (>100 k.y.) diagenesis on δ15N of preserved organic matter. At both sites, the average δ15N of pore water ammonium and Norg are within 0.2‰ to 0.4‰. The small difference is less than the analytical uncertainty, indicating that no significant isotopic fractionation is associated with decomposition of organic matter in these sediments. A mass balance for nitrogen was also computed, indicating that ~20% of the organic matter flux buried below 1.45 meters composite depth (mcd) is degraded between this depth and 40 mcd (Site 1235) to 60 mcd (Site 1234) depth. Two factors determine the absence of isotopic fractionation in these sediments: 1. A high degree of organic matter preservation due to rapid sediment accumulation rates at both sites. 2. The dominance of a marine component in the sedimentary organic matter (with only a small fraction contributed by a terrestrial component). 1Prokopenko, M.G. , Hammond, D.E. , and Stott, L. , 2006. Lack of isotopic fractionation of δ15N of organic matter during long-term diagenesis in marine sediments, ODP Leg 202, Sites 1234 and 1235. In Tiedemann, R. , Mix, A.C. , Richter, C. , and Ruddiman, W.F. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 202: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 1–22. doi:10.2973/ odp.proc.sr.202. 207.2006 2Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, 3651 Trousedale Parkway, Los Angeles CA 90089-0740, USA. 3Present address: Department of Geosciences, Guyot Hall, Washington Road, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA. mprokope@princeton.edu Initial receipt: 15 October 2004 Acceptance: 28 April 2006 Web publication: 24 October 2006 Ms 202SR-207 M.G. PROKOPENKO ET AL. LACK OF ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION OF δ15N 2
Visual Grading and Structural Properties Assessment of Large Cross-Section Pinus radiata D. Don Timber

The use of large cross-section timber for structural purposes has increased in Spain, and knowledge of its properties is strategically necessary. The Spanish visual strength-grading standard UNE 56544 (2011) efficiency applied to large cross-section structural timber was analyzed using a sample of 363 specimens of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don.) from the Basque Country and Catalonia, Spain. Different sizes were tested (80 × 120 × 2400 mm3, 150 × 250 × 5600 mm3, 150 × 250 × 4300 mm3, and 200 × 250 × 5000 mm3). Bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and density were obtained, and characteristic values were determined in order to assign strength class according to European standard EN 338 (2010). Knots and twists were the most relevant singularities for visual strength grading. It was concluded that large cross-section Spanish radiata pine timber was suitable for structures, and it was assigned to the C20 strength class.
Coherent spin mixing dynamics in a spin-1 atomic condensate (5 pages)

We study the coherent off-equilibrium spin mixing inside an atomic condensate. Using mean-field theory and adopting the single-spatial-mode approximation, the condensate spin dynamics is found to be well described by that of a nonrigid pendulum and displays a variety of periodic oscillations in an external magnetic field. Our results illuminate several recent experimental observations and provide critical insights into the observation of coherent interaction-driven oscillations in a spin-1 condensate.
Evaluation of median rhomboid glossitis and oral lichen planus in patients with diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one the most common endocrinopathies with many oral manifestations. Diabetic people form a large group of patients visited by dentists. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the MRG and OLP in patients with diabetes types 1 and 2. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on a total of 428 patients including 148 cases with diabetes type 1, 124 with diabetes type 2 and 156 as control group in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2001-2002. The study population was selected according to the selection criteria followed by oral examinations and completion of a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS soft ware, chi square and Fisher’s exact tests. Findings: The prevalence of MRG in patients with diabetes types 1 and 2 and in control group was 4.2%, 3.2% and 1.2%, respectively (p<0.05). Also, the prevalence of OLP among the two diabetic groups and the control group was 4.7%, 4%, and 2%, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on our results, there was a statistically significant difference between MRG and diabetes but no such relationship between OLP and diabetes was established.