Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TRAINING-RELATED HARASSMENT AND DRINKING OUTCOMES IN MEDICAL RESIDENTS VERSUS GRADUATE STUDENTS

This study examined the prevalence of sexual harassment and generalized workplace abuse, and their differential effects on drinking behaviors in medical residents and graduate students at an urban American university. While medical residents had greater odds of experiencing harassment and abuse in their training programs, it was found that in most cases their deleterious drinking behaviors decreased, whereas graduate student drinking behaviors increased as a consequence of these experiences. The drinking outcomes of men were more affected by harassment and abuse than those of women.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Functionally Phosphorylates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Ser633

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a central role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis by controlling NO bioavailability. The activity of eNOS in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) largely depends on posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation. Because the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in ECs can be increased by multiple cardiovascular events, we studied the phosphorylation of eNOS Ser633 by AMPK and examined its functional relevance in the mouse models. Shear stress, atorvastatin, and adiponectin all increased AMPK Thr172 and eNOS Ser633 phosphorylations, which were abolished if AMPK was pharmacologically inhibited or genetically ablated. The constitutively active form of AMPK or an AMPK agonist caused a sustained Ser633 phosphorylation. Expression of gain-/loss-of-function eNOS mutants revealed that Ser633 phosphorylation is important for NO production. The aorta of AMPK&agr;2−/− mice showed attenuated atorvastatin-induced eNOS phosphorylation. Nano–liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) confirmed that eNOS Ser633 was able to compete with Ser1177 or acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase Ser79 for AMPK&agr; phosphorylation. Nano-LC/MS/MS confirmed that eNOS purified from AICAR-treated ECs was phosphorylated at both Ser633 and Ser1177. Our results indicate that AMPK phosphorylation of eNOS Ser633 is a functional signaling event for NO bioavailability in ECs.
Conducting clinical post-conference in clinical teaching: a qualitative study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore nurse educators' perceptions regarding clinical postconferences. Additional aims included the exploration of interaction characteristics between students and faculty in clinical postconferences. BACKGROUND Nursing students are challenged to think and learn in ways that will prepare them for practice in a complex health care environment. Clinical postconferences give students the opportunity to share knowledge gained through transformative learning and provide a forum for discussion and critical thinking. Faculty members must guide students as the latter participate in discussions, develop problem-solving skills and express feedings and attitudes in clinical conferences. METHODS The study used qualitative research methods, including participant observation and an open-ended questionnaire. Participant observers watched interaction activities between teachers and students in clinical postconferences. A total of 20 clinical postconferences, two conferences per teacher, were observed. The Non-Numerical Unstructured Data Indexing Searching and Theory-building qualitative software program was used in data analysis. CONCLUSIONS Research findings indicated that, of the six taxonomy questions, lower-level questions (knowledge and comprehensive questions) were mostly asked by faculty members' postclinical conferences. The most frequently used guideline was task orientation, which is related to practice goals and was found in discussions of assignments, reading reports, discussions of clinical experiences, role plays, psychomotor skill practice, quizzes and student evaluations. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE It is an essential responsibility of nurse educators to employ postconferences to assist students in applying their knowledge in practical situations, in developing professional values and in enhancing their problem solving abilities.
Health of U.S. Navy submarine crew during periods of isolation.

BACKGROUND An essential element in planning for long-term space missions is prediction of the medical support required. Medical data for analogous populations serving in isolated and/or contained environments are useful in predicting health risks for astronauts. METHODS This study evaluated the rates of health events that occurred among a highly screened, healthy military population during periods of isolation using a centralized database of medical encounter records from U.S. Navy submarines. The study population was composed of U.S. Navy officers and enlisted men deployed on 240 submarine patrols between 1 January 1997 and 30 September 2000. RESULTS A total of 1389 officers and 11,952 enlisted crew members served aboard participating submarines for 215,086 and 1,955,521 person-days at sea, respectively, during the study period. Officers had 214 initial visits to medical staff with 79 re-visits for the same condition during these patrols, while enlisted men had 3345 initial visits and 1549 re-visits. Among officers, the most common category of medical events was respiratory illnesses (primarily upper respiratory infections), followed by injury, musculoskeletal conditions, infectious diseases, symptoms and ill-defined conditions, and skin problems. Among enlisted men, the most common category of medical events was injury, followed by respiratory illnesses (upper respiratory infections), skin problems, symptoms and ill-defined conditions, digestive disorders, infectious conditions, sensory organ problems (ear infections and eye problems), and musculoskeletal conditions. CONCLUSIONS Potential mission-impacting medical events reported were rare, i.e., among a crew of seven officers, only one medical event would be expected to occur during a 6-mo mission and result in 3/4 d or less of limited or no duty. Among a crew of seven enlisted men, about two medical events would be expected during a 6-mo mission and result in about 1 d of limited or no duty per medical event.
Chlorpromazine‐induced severe skin pigmentation and corneal opacities in a patient with schizophrenia

Chlorpromazine (CPZ) was first introduced in 1953, and it became one of the most prominent and widely used drugs in psychiatry. However, CPZ was soon related to a wide range of harmful side effects involving the cardiovascular, endocrine, secretory, dermatologic, renal, gastrointestinal, hematologic, and central nervous systems. Despite these, side effects that require withdrawal of the drug are rare and usually reversible. In 1964, Greiner and Berry reported a series of 12 psychiatric female patients who developed a peculiar purplish–gray pigmentation of sun-exposed areas over the skin associated with corneal and lenticular opacity following CPZ therapy. Since then, similar cases have been described in the literature, often in chronically hospitalized patients diagnosed with schizophrenia after intake of relatively high doses of CPZ. We describe the case of a 50-year-old woman with schizophrenia who developed a striking blue skin discoloration over photo-exposed areas along with corneal and lenticular changes following a 15-year abuse of CPZ. No previous cases of oculocutaneous pigmentation associated with the intake of such a high dose of this drug have been reported in the literature to date. Case Report
Promoter activity of human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 gene with novel single nucleotide polymorphisms

Objective: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) −418G > C in the TIMP2 gene promoter region has been shown to be associated with in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to search for novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the TIMP2 promoter region around the −418G > C locus, and to investigate whether any of these SNP, including −418G > C, had an influence on TIMP2 transcription activity.
Phytochemical Profile, Chemotaxonomic Studies, and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Two Endemisms from Madeira Archipelago: Melanoselinum decipiens and Monizia edulis (Apiaceae)

Melanoselinum decipiens and Monizia edulis (Apiaceae) are two endemic plants from Madeira archipelago, phytochemical compositions of which remains little explored, despite their use in folk medicine. Using liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry analysis, their polyphenolic profile was established for the first time. Fifty‐six compounds were identified with 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, quercetin‐O‐(malonyl)hexoside, luteolin diacetyl, and quercetin‐O‐hexoside being the major constituents in the leaves of both plant species (≥ 0.76 mg/g of dry extract). Principal component analysis provided a suitable tool to differentiate targeted plants. Naringenin‐6,8‐di‐C‐glucoside, quercetin 3‐O‐pentosylhexoside, and 1,5‐O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid can be used as discriminatory taxonomic/geographical markers for M. edulis subspecies from Madeira and Porto Santo populations. This methodology of using polyphenols as chemotaxonomic markers proved to be useful for identification of plant species since the results are consistent with previous taxonomical data. The free‐radical scavenging activities of the M. decipiens extracts proved to be higher than those of M. edulis, which correlated well with their phenolic content (R2 > 0.906).
Influence of rGO Cladding in Improving the Sensitivity and Selectivity of ZnO Nanoflowers-Based Alcohol Sensor

Development of ultra-sensitive and selective 2-propanol sensor employing hybrid structure of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and 3-D ZnO nanoflowers (NFs) is reported in this paper. The 3-D ZnO NFs were synthesized on n-Si wafer, using liquid phase deposition technique, while a dip coating technique was adopted for the deposition of rGO, in the form of discrete claddings, on the ZnO NFs layer. The detailed morphological (field emission scanning electron microscopy) and structural (Raman and XPS) characterizations were carried out to compare the structural and morphological properties of pristine ZnO NFs and rGO-ZnO NFs hybrid structure. The sensing properties of ZnO NFs and rGO-ZnO NFs devices were investigated toward different alcohol vapors (2-propanol, ethanol, and methanol) in the concentration range of 0.5–700 ppm at 100 °C–275 °C. The rGO-ZnO NFs 3-D hybrid device offered ultra-high sensitivity (645% response magnitude at 700 ppm) toward 2-propanol at ~160 °C. In addition, the same sensor also offered excellent selectivity against interfering neighbors (i.e., ethanol, methanol, acetone, and benzene). The underlying mechanism for such experimental findings has been discussed with the properties of rGO–ZnO hybrid junction and respective band bending in air and target species.
Biological Evaluation of the Plant Mazus japonicus Albiflorus (Scrophulariaceae).

Mazus japonicus is an important plant of Scrophulariaceae family. In the present research work, the dichloromethane and methanol crude extracts of the plant Mazus japonicus were evaluated for phytotoxic, cytotoxic, antifungal and antibacterial activities. Both dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Mazus japonicus inhibited the growth of Lemna minor L. and showed significant phytotoxic activities. The dichloromethane extract showed cytotoxic activity at highest level of dose with LD50 513.04 μg/ml, while methanol extract showed no cytotoxic activity. The dichloromethane extract of the plant showed 25% inhibition against Fusarium solani and methanol extract of the plant showed 30% inhibition against Microsporum canis. Both dichloromethane and methanol extract of the plant exhibited non-significant activity when tested against pathogenic gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. The phytochemical tests indicated the presence of saponins in the plant.
Analysis of Stem Cell Lineage Progression in the Neonatal Subventricular Zone Identifies EGFR+/NG2− Cells as Transit‐Amplifying Precursors

In the adult subventricular zone (SVZ), astroglial stem cells generate transit‐amplifying precursors (TAPs). Both stem cells and TAPs form clones in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF). However, in vivo, in the absence of sustained EGF receptor (EGFR) activation, TAPs divide a few times before differentiating into neuroblasts. The lack of suitable markers has hampered the analysis of stem cell lineage progression and associated functional changes in the neonatal germinal epithelium. Here we purified neuroblasts and clone‐forming precursors from the neonatal SVZ using expression levels of EGFR and polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSANCAM). As in the adult SVZ, most neonatal clone‐forming precursors did not express the neuroglia proteoglycan 2 (NG2) but displayed characteristics of TAPs, and only a subset exhibited antigenic characteristics of astroglial stem cells. Both precursors and neuroblasts were PSANCAM+; however, neuroblasts also expressed doublecortin and functional voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels. Neuroblasts and precursors had distinct outwardly rectifying K+ current densities and passive membrane properties, particularly in precursors contacting each other, because of the contribution of gap junction coupling. Confirming the hypothesis that most are TAPs, cell tracing in brain slices revealed that within 2 days the majority of EGFR+ cells had exited the cell cycle and differentiated into a progenitor displaying intermediate antigenic and functional properties between TAPs and neuroblasts. Thus, distinct functional and antigenic properties mark stem cell lineage progression in the neonatal SVZ. STEM CELLS 2009;27:1443–1454
Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of Serenoa repens in the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). SEARCH STRATEGY Trials were searched in computerized general and specialized databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Phytodok), by checking bibliographies, and by contacting manufacturers and researchers. SELECTION CRITERIA Trials were eligible if they (1) randomized men with BPH to receive preparations of Serenoa repens (alone or in combination) in comparison with placebo or other BPH medications, and (2) included clinical outcomes such as urologic symptom scales, symptoms, or urodynamic measurements. Eligibility was assessed by at least two independent observers. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Information on patients, interventions, and outcomes was extracted by at least two independent reviewers using a standard form. The main outcome measure for comparing the effectiveness of Serenoa repens with placebo or other BPH medications was the change in urologic symptom scale scores. Secondary outcomes included changes in nocturia and urodynamic measures. The main outcome measure for side effects was the number of men reporting side effects. MAIN RESULTS 2939 men from18 randomized trials lasting 4 to 48 weeks were assessed. 16 trials were double-blinded and treatment allocation concealment was adequate in 9 studies. Compared with placebo, Serenoa repens improved urinary symptom scores, symptoms, and urinary flow measures. The weighted mean difference (WMD) for the urinary symptom score was -1.41 points (scale range 0-19), (95%CI = -2.52, -0.30, n = 1 study) and the risk ratio (RR) for self rated improvement was 1.75 (95%CI = 1.21, 2.54, n = 6 studies). The WMD for nocturia was -0.76 times per evening (95%CI = -1.22, -0.32; n = 10 studies). The WMD for peak urine flow was 1.93 ml/sec (95%CI = 0.72, 3.14, n = 8 studies). Compared with finasteride, Serenoa repens produced similar improvements in urinary symptom scores (WMD = 0.37 IPSS points (scale range 0-35), 95%CI = -0.45, 1.19, n = 2 studies) and peak urine flow (WMD = -0.74 ml/sec, 95%CI = -1.66, 0.18, n = 2 studies). Adverse effects due to Serenoa repens were mild and infrequent. Withdrawal rates in men assigned to placebo, Serenoa repens or finasteride were 7%, 9%, and 11%, respectively. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that Serenoa repens improves urologic symptoms and flow measures compared with placebo. Serenoa repens produced similar improvement in urinary symptoms and flow compared to finasteride and is associated with fewer adverse treatment events. The long term effectiveness, safety and ability to prevent BPH complications are not known.
Ten-year trend in survival and resource utilization at a level I trauma center.

OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of increasing trauma center experience over time on survival and resource utilization. METHODS The authors studied a retrospective cohort at a single level I trauma center over a 10-year period, from 1986 to 1995. Patients included all hospital admissions and emergency department deaths. The main outcome measures were the case-fatality rate adjusted for injury severity, hospital length of stay, and costs. RESULTS A total of 25,979 patients were admitted or died. The number of patients per year increased, from 2063 in 1986 to 3313 in 1995. The proportion of patients transferred from another institution increased from 16.2% to 34.4%. Although mean length of stay declined by 28.4%, from 9.5 to 6.8 days, costs increased by 16.7%, from $14,174 to $16,547. The use of specific radiologic investigations increased; the frequency of operative procedures either remained unchanged (craniotomy, fracture fixation) or decreased (celiotomy). After adjusting for injury severity and demographic factors, the mortality rate decreased over 10 years. The improvement in survival was confined to patients with an injury severity score > or =16. CONCLUSION Over a 10-year period, the case-fatality rate declined in patients with severe injuries. Overall acute care costs increased, partially because of the increased use of radiologic investigations. Even in otherwise established trauma centers, increasing cumulative experience results in improved survival rates in the most severely injured patients. These data suggest that experience contributes to a decrease in mortality rate after severe trauma and that developing trauma systems should consider this factor and limit the number of designated centers to maximize cumulative experience at individual centers.
Post licensure surveillance of influenza vaccines in the Vaccine Safety Datalink in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 seasons

The changes in each year in influenza vaccine antigenic components as well as vaccine administration patterns may pose new risks of adverse events following immunization (AEs). To evaluate the safety of influenza vaccines annually administered to people ≥ 6 months, we conducted weekly post licensure surveillance for seven pre‐specified adverse events following receipt of influenza vaccines during the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 seasons in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD).
Ideas, Interest, and Credible Commitments in the American Revolution

On April 9, 1774, while residents of Boston were still waiting to learn how the British government would respond to the Tea Party of the previous December, John Adams wrote a remarkably accurate political letter to his friend James Warren (now better known as the husband of America's first female historian, Mercy Otis Warren). Adams gazed into the future and judged its course from the recent past. "I am of the same opinion that I have been for many Years", Adams reminded Warren, that there is not Spirit enough on Either side to bring the Question to a compleat Decision and that we shall oscilate like a Pendulum and fluctuate like the Ocean, for many Years to come, and never obtain a compleat Redress of American grievances, nor submit to an absolute Establishment of Parliamentary Authority but be trimming between both as we have been for ten Years past, for more Years to come than you and I shall live. Our Children, may see Revolutions, and be concerned and active in effecting them of which we can form no conception.
Qualitative and Quantitative Sex Differences in Self-Reported Aggressive Behavioral Characteristics

Aggressive behavioral characteristics were assessed in a large group of men and women by a self-report instrument, the Aggression Inventory. Significant gender differences appeared on four factors in which men reported more physical aggression and verbal aggression than did women. Further, men had higher scores on measures of impulsiveness and lack of patience than women, while women reported being more likely to avoid confrontation. In addition to these quantitative sex differences in self-reported behavior, factor analyses indicated qualitative differences by sex, wherein most of the variance for women centered on verbal aggression, while physical aggression was the first factor for men.
In Situ Mitochondrial Ca2+ Buffering Differences of Intact Neurons and Astrocytes from Cortex and Striatum*

The striatum is particularly vulnerable to neurological disorders, such as Huntington disease. Previous studies, with nonsynaptic mitochondria isolated from cortical and striatal homogenates, suggest that striatal mitochondria are highly vulnerable to Ca2+ loads, possibly influencing striatal vulnerability. However, whether and how neuronal and glial mitochondria from cortex and striatum differ in Ca2+ vulnerability remains unknown. We test this hypothesis using a novel strategy allowing comparisons of mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering capacity in cortical and striatal neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. We provide original evidence that mitochondria not only in neurons but also in astrocytes from striatal origin exhibit a decreased Ca2+ buffering capacity when compared with cortical counterparts. The decreased mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering capacity in striatal versus cortical astrocytes does not stem from variation in mitochondrial concentration or in the rate of intracellular Ca2+ elevation, being mechanistically linked to an increased propensity to undergo cyclosporin A (CsA)-sensitive permeability transition. Indeed, 1 μm CsA selectively increased the mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering capacity of striatal astrocytes, without modifying that of neurons or cortical astrocytes. Neither thapsigargin nor FK506 modified mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering differences between cell types, excluding a predominant contribution of endoplasmic reticulum or calcineurin. These results provide additional insight into the mechanisms of striatal vulnerability, showing that the increased Ca2+ vulnerability of striatal versus cortical mitochondria resides in both intact neurons and astrocytes, thus positioning the striatum at greater risk for disturbed neuron-astrocyte interactions. Also, the selective effect of CsA over striatal astrocytes suggests that in vivo neuronal sheltering with this compound may indirectly result from astrocytic protection.