Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of affective pictures on pain unpleasantness

A lot of research has been devoted to understand the relation between pain sensitivity and the psychological state of the individual. Considerable disagreement as to the direction of the relation still exists. The question remains whether emotional states modulate the pain sensitivity. This study examines the effects of 2 experimental emotional dimensions (valence and arousal level) on pain unpleasantness. Subjects were exposed to three different affective pictures (neutral, pleasant and pain related) which varied in their degree of arousal and valence. During the presentation of a picture, an electrical stimulus was applied to the left forearm. There were two different electrical stimuli, one below the pain threshold (nonpainful) and one above (painful) the pain threshold. Participants had to rate the pain unpleasantness on a VAS. Our analyses revealed that the emotional state of a person did not modulate the pain unpleasantness when the data was not separated on gender. However, when we separated the men from the women and the two different stimulus intensities (nonpainful and painful stimuli), the analyses revealed that the VAS scores of women who received nonpainful stimuli were modulated by the picture categories. Pain related pictures caused a higher pain unpleasantness compared to the neutral and pleasant pictures. This modulation corresponded with our empathy hypothesis: seeing pictures with people in pain induces pain unpleasantness. However, there were no significant findings for women who received painful stimuli and for men there were no significant findings at all. What we can conclude is that the emotional state of women, who received nonpainful stimuli, influenced their pain unpleasantness
Shared Patient Analysis: A Method to Assess the Clinical Benefits of Patient Referrals

Background.Referral to specialized physicians or institutions often is deemed necessary in clinical medicine, but no method exists to assess the clinical benefit of such referrals. Objectives.To describe a method, which is shared patient analysis, to measure the expected improvement in clinical management associated with referrals and to apply that method in the field of abdominal and pelvic oncological radiology. Subjects.All patients referred, during a 4-year period, to surgical oncologists at four academic centers (the referral providers, or RPs) with radiographs performed before referral at a community site (the initial providers, or IPs). Patients (n = 396) for whom both the IP interpretation and a final diagnosis was available were eligible. All IP and RP readings were placed in random order and presented to surgical oncologists, who then recommended a treatment course. Measurements.Diagnostic accuracy of the IP and RP readings and the proportion of patients who were assigned to an appropriate treatment by the oncologist were determined. Results.When the indication for imaging was primary diagnosis or staging, the kappa for presence of cancer was 0.70. When the indication was cancer follow-up, the kappa for presence of recurrent/progressing cancer was 0.66. There were disagreements between the IP and RP radiologists over the interpretation of 162 films, with the RP radiologists being correct in 153 (94%). Had the patients been treated using IP readings, there would have been 19 more inappropriate surgeries and 19 more admissions (both P <0.05) than if the oncologists had based their recommendations on RP readings. Conclusions.The technique of shared patient analysis permits assessment of the clinical benefits associated with referrals.
Antibiotics self-medication among undergraduate pharmacy students in Northern Nigeria

Introduction: The burden of antibiotic self-medication (ASM) is increasing and becoming a global health threat due to antibiotics resistance. However, little is known about ASM among undergraduate pharmacy students who are the future custodians of medicines including antibiotics. Therefore, this study aims to develop, validate and utilize an online survey tool to investigate the prevalence of ASM among undergraduate pharmacy students in Northern Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey form was developed, validated by face validity, content validity, and pilot study. The hyperlink to the online survey form was shared with undergraduate pharmacy students in northern Nigeria via WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter. Data were collected from eligible participants and analyzed using descriptive statistic. Results: A total of 217 students responded to the online survey, with a completion rate of 100%. Of the total number of respondents, 200 (92.2%) reported practicing ASM at least once in their lifetime. The major reasons for ASM were previous knowledge (40.4%) and having no time to see a doctor or pharmacist (27.5%). Amoxicillin (32.6%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (32.1%), Ampicillin/Cloxacillin (21.7%) and Ciprofloxacin (22.6%) were the most commonly implicated antibiotics in ASM. Cough, diarrhea, typhoid, and wound were the most frequently involved conditions. Patent medicine vendors (75.4%) and community pharmacies (29.4%) were the common source of antibiotics subjected to ASM. Conclusion: A research tool to assess ASM among undergraduate pharmacy students has been developed, validated and utilized. The prevalence of ASM is high among undergraduate pharmacy students in Northern Nigeria. Interventions to improve knowledge and awareness on ASM are needed among undergraduate pharmacy students to ensure antibiotic stewardship.
INDUCTION OF YEASTLIKE DEVELOPMENT IN MUCOR BY CARBON DIOXIDE

Bartnicki-Garcia, S. (Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, N. J.) and Walter J. Nickerson. Induction of yeastlike development in Mucor by carbon dioxide. J. Bacteriol. 84:829–840. 1962—Vegetative development of Mucor rouxii may follow either one of two patterns of morphogenesis (mold-yeast dimorphism), depending on the atmosphere of incubation. Under air or N2, a filamentous (moldlike) growth developed, commonly followed by fragmentation of hyphae into spherical cells (arthrospores). Introduction of CO2 into an anaerobic atmosphere induced development of spherical, budding yeastlike cells. Anaerobically, a pCO2 of 0.3 atm or higher produced a purely yeastlike development. Presence of oxygen annulled the effect of CO2 On germination, spores gave rise directly to either type of vegetative development, depending on the atmosphere of incubation. Induction of yeastlike development by CO2 occurred in five strains of M. rouxii, and in most species of Mucor tested. M. subtilissimus, however, did not require CO2; it developed in the yeastlike form under anaerobic conditions. Strains of Rhizopus grew under CO2, but developed only filamentous mycelium. Members of other genera of Mucorales were unable to grow under an atmosphere of CO2.
Chronic Patients- Prescription Refill Intentions

Environment today is featured with aging population, increasing prevalence of chronic disease and complex of medical treatment. Safe use of pharmaceutics relied very much on the efforts made by both the healthrelated organizations and as well as the government agencies. As far as the specialization concern in providing health services to the patients, the government actively issued and implemented the divisions of medical treatment and pharmaceutical to improve the quality of care and to reduce medication errors and ensure public health. Pharmaceutical sub-sector policy has been implemented for 13 years. This study attempts to explore the factors that affect the patients’ behavior intention of refilling a prescription from a NHIB pharmacy. Samples were those patients refilling their prescriptions with the case NHIB pharmacies. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect respondents’ information while the patients or family members visit the pharmacy for the refilling. 1,200 questionnaires were dispatched in 37 pharmacies that randomly selected from Pingtung City, Dongkang, Chaozhou, Hengchun areas. 732 responses were gained with 604 valid samples for further analyses. Results of data analyses indicated that respondents’ attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control and behavior intentions toward refilling behavior varied from some demographic variables to another. This research also suggested adding actual behavior, either by a self-report or observed, into the research. Keywords—Separation of dispensing and prescribing, prescriptions refill slip, NHIB contracted pharmacy, drug safety, theory of planned behavior.
A Stained Glass Ceiling? Mitt Romney and Mormonism

Did Mitt Romney’s religion—Mormonism—help or hurt him in his campaigns for the presidency? While Romney’s religious affiliation was generally viewed as an electoral liability, Americans’ ambivalence about Mormons presented the possibility that, depending on framing, it could be neutralized or could perhaps even become a political asset. Survey experiments during both Romney’s 2008 and 2012 campaigns suggest that although Romney’s religion was a detriment when he ran the first time, it had largely ceased to be an issue in 2012. Although Mormonism did not have much effect on Romney’s performance at the polls in the general election of 2012, however, Romney’s candidacy has had an effect on perceptions of Mormonism. In the wake of his campaign, attitudes toward Mormons have become politically polarized, with Republicans holding a far more positive view of them than Democrats, with Independents in the middle.
Effects of family history and place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND Although a family history of schizophrenia is the best-established risk factor for schizophrenia, environmental factors such as the place and season of birth may also be important. METHODS Using data from the Civil Registration System in Denmark, we established a population-based cohort of 1.75 million persons whose mothers were Danish women born between 1935 and 1978. We linked this cohort to the Danish Psychiatric Central Register and identified 2669 cases of schizophrenia among cohort members and additional cases among their parents. RESULTS The respective relative risks of schizophrenia for persons with a mother, father, or sibling who had schizophrenia were 9.31 (95 percent confidence interval, 7.24 to 11.96), 7.20 (95 percent confidence interval, 5.10 to 10.16), and 6.99 (95 percent confidence interval, 5.38 to 9.09), as compared with persons with no affected parents or siblings. The risk of schizophrenia was associated with the degree of urbanization of the place of birth (relative risk for the capital vs. rural areas, 2.40; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.13 to 2.70). The risk was also significantly associated with the season of birth; it was highest for births in February and March and lowest for births in August and September. The population attributable risk was 5.5 percent for a history of schizophrenia in a parent or sibling, 34.6 percent for urban place of birth, and 10.5 percent for the season of birth. CONCLUSIONS Although a history of schizophrenia in a parent or sibling is associated with the highest relative risk of having the disease, the place and season of birth account for many more cases on a population basis.
Diagnostic and prognostic potential of joint imaging in patients with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies

The introduction of novel therapeutic strategies set new goals for the patients’ outcome, which aims to achieve remission. This goal requires early diagnosis of RA and prompt efficient pharmacotherapy. The introduction of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) two decades ago allowed an earlier RA diagnosis. However, there are indications that ACPA positivity is still associated with higher rates of radiographic damage. As the small joints in hands and feet commonly are the first involved sites of inflammation, the role of different imaging modalities were studied regarding their diagnostic and prognostic impact for assessment of arthritis in RA. Further, ultrasound (US) and radiography were used to study the association between RA-specific antibodies and the occurrence of arthritis and joint damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The use of US allows assessment of soft tissue like joint capsules, tendons and bursae. Used for a live scanning, it is easy to detect effusions and edema. Doppler indicates vasoproliferation were inflammation is present. Also, US seems to be more sensitive than radiography to detect minimal structural changes located at bone surfaces. We wanted to investigate whether US findings in a pre-RA stage can predict development of arthritis. Digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) is a technique based on computerized analyses of standard hand radiographs to calculate peripheral bone mineral density (BMD) of the three middle metacarpal bones (DXR-BMD). In order for early treatment decisions, we aimed to study whether changes in DXR-BMD loss after 3 months can predict radiographic damage in early RA. In conclusion, the studies showed that ACPA-positivity is still associated with a higher risk of radiographic damage regardless of early treatment decisions. Therefore, close radiographic monitoring and readiness to intensive treatment is warranted in ACPA-positive patients. This thesis also shows that erosions detected by US in ACPA-positive patients with arthralgia predict development of clinical arthritis. Also, the magnitude of DXR-BMD loss helps identify patients at higher risk for future radiographic damage, and may therefore help to improve early treatment decisions. Finally, US and radiography confirm a higher rate of arthritis and erosions also in SLE patients who are positive for RA-specific antibodies.
Comparison of Lower Body Specific Resistance Training on the Hamstring to Quadriceps Strength Ratios in Men and Women

In this study, we compared hamstring (H) and quadriceps (Q) strength changes in men and women, as well as changes in conventional and functional H:Q ratios following an identical 12-week resistance training program. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess 14 male and 14 female participants before and after the intervention, and conventional and functional H:Q ratios were calculated. Hamstring strength improved similarly in men and women, but improvement in quadriceps strength was significantly greater in men, while women showed only modest improvements. For the conventional and functional H:Q ratios, women showed significantly greater improvements than men. Both men and women were able to exceed the commonly recommended 0.6 conventional and 1.0 functional H:Q ratios after the 12-week lower-body resistance training program.
Obstacle avoidance for redundant robots using configuration control

A redundant robot control scheme is provided for avoiding obstacles in a workspace during motion of an end effector along a preselected trajectory by stopping motion of the critical point on the robot closest to the obstacle when the distance therebetween is reduced to a predetermined sphere of influence surrounding the obstacle. Algorithms are provided for conveniently determining the critical point and critical distance.
Identification of intracellular peptides in rat adipose tissue: Insights into insulin resistance

Intracellular peptides generated by the proteasome and oligopeptidases have been suggested to function in signal transduction and to improve insulin resistance in mice fed a high‐caloric diet. The aim of this study was to identify specific intracellular peptides in the adipose tissue of Wistar rats that could be associated with the physiological and therapeutic control of glucose uptake. Using semiquantitative mass spectrometry and LC/MS/MS analyses, we identified ten peptides in the epididymal adipose tissue of the Wistar rats; three of these peptides were present at increased levels in rats that were fed a high‐caloric Western diet (WD) compared with rats fed a control diet (CD). The results of affinity chromatography suggested that in the cytoplasm of epididymal adipose tissue from either WD or CD rats, distinctive proteins bind to these peptides. However, despite the observed increase in the WD animals, the evaluated peptides increased insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes treated with palmitate. Thus, intracellular peptides from the adipose tissue of Wistar rats can bind to specific proteins and facilitate insulin‐induced glucose uptake in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.
Application of Bethesda system for conventional cervical cytology: a study of 340 cases

Background: Cervical carcinoma is an important women’s health problem worldwide. The Bethesda system is a complete diagnostic system that recognizes the cytopathology report as a medical consultation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the abnormal cytological entities detected by cervical Pap smear, to classify the cytological findings according to the recently recommended Bethesda system and to discuss the significance of Pap smears screening programs. Methods: A prospective study on conventional cervical cytology was performed including 340 women, 111 postmenopausal and 229 reproductive age group, attending the Gynaecologic out-patient department at a tertiary care hospital in Bhavnagar district of Gujarat state. Cytological findings including incidence of unsatisfactory smears, inflammatory smears and epithelial abnormalities were classified according to the Bethesda system 2001. Results: Overall incidence of unsatisfactory smears was 9.4%, of squamous cell abnormality was 4.1% and of glandular cell abnormality was 1.2%. Highest frequency of epithelial cell abnormalities (squamous as well as glandular) was seen in 61-70 years age-group women (35.71%) and in women presented with complaints of post-menopausal bleeding (22.5%). Conclusions: The study had shown a relatively low prevalence of epithelial abnormalities in cervical smears. The 2001 Bethesda system seems to reduce the number of cervical smear diagnoses of Atypical Squamous Cells (ASC), without causing any impairment in the diagnosis of High grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) thus decreasing the number of unnecessary interventions.
Phosphorus dynamics of the tropical and subtropical north Atlantic : Trichodesmium spp. versus bulk plankton

Nitrogen fixing organisms such as Trichodesmium spp. are abundant in the oligotrophic tropical North Atlantic Ocean, where microplankton (including other diazotrophs) are more likely to be phosphorus (P) than nitrogen (N) limited. Thus, understanding the ability of different functional groups in the plankton to compete for P in this area is important for understanding their relative success. The uptake of phosphate by Trichodesmium spp. colonies and bulk water plankton was measured using 33 PO4 3- over a range of concentrations, and kinetic parameters were determined. Nano- and pico-plankton present in bulk water samples have a Ks that is nearly 30 times lower than that of Trichodesmium spp. While chl a-normalized alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in bulk water was an order of magnitude greater than in Trichodesmium spp. , Trichodesmium spp. contributes sub- stantially to total APA in the water. Trichodesmium spp. is outcompeted for dissolved inorganic P (DIP), but colonies can satisfy their P needs by supplementing DIP uptake with P cleaved from dissolved organic P (DOP) via alkaline phosphatase.
Interventional treatment methods in patients with Marfan Syndrome

Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant heritable connective tissue disorder which involves primarily the skeletal, ocular and cardiovascular system. The incidence of MS is on average 1: 10000 with 25-30% of cases caused by sporadic mutations. The leading cause of premature death in these patients is progressive dilatation and subsequent dissection of the ascending thoracic aorta resulting in cardiac tamponade, and left ventricular failure due to aortic regurgitation. Life expectancy is primarily determined by the severity of cardiovascular involvement, and has improved substantially over the last 20 years due to the advances in surgical and medical management. The optimum management of Marfan patients includes a lifelong surveillance with particular emphasis placed on aortic behaviour. Preventive replacement of various portions of the aorta has been a major contribution for improved life expectancy in these patients. The different surgical and interventional treatment options currently available will be further outlined in this review.
The development of the diencephalon of the Chinese hamster.

19 \**y 72 S. Karger – Basel – München – Paris – London – New York – Sydney Supplementum 59 = 1 ad Vol. 83 (1972) Acta Anatomica International Archives of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology and Cytology Archives Internationales d’Anatomie, d’Histolog’e, d’Embryologie et de Cytologie Internationales Archiv für Anatomic, Histologie, Embryologie und Zellforschung Redactores: E. A. Boyden, Seattle, Wash. , A. Delmas, Paris, F. Walberg, Oslo, G. WolfHeidegger, Basel S. Karger – Basel – München – Paris – London – New York – Sydney Arnold-Böcklin-Strasse 25, CH-4011 Basel (Switzerland) All rights, including that of translation into other languages, reserved. Photomechanic reproduction (photocopy, microcopy) of its volume or parts thereof without special permission of the publishers is prohibited. © Copyright 1972 by S. Karger AG, Verlag für Medizin und Naturwissenschaften, Basel Printed in The Netherlands by Schippers, Nijmegen Cliches: De Reproductie Compagnie N.V. , Rotterdam arch, b.l. c. call, cereb. com. ant. com. hab. com. hip. com. post, corp. mam. cr. interpar. deut. dienc. em. thai. ep. epith. f.l. m. hyP-hypo th. inf.
N‐acyl homoserine lactone binding to the CarR receptor determines quorum‐sensing specificity in Erwinia

Quorum sensing via an N‐acyl homoserine lactone (HSL) pheromone controls the biosynthesis of a carbapenem antibiotic in Erwinia carotovora. Transcription of the carbapenem biosynthetic genes is dependent on the LuxR‐type activator protein, CarR. Equilibrium binding of a range of HSL molecules, which are thought to activate CarR to bind to its DNA target sequence, was examined using fluorescence quenching, DNA bandshift analysis, limited proteolysis and reporter gene assays. CarR bound the most physiologically relevant ligand, N‐(3‐oxohexanoyl)‐L‐homoserine lactone, with a stoichiometry of two molecules of ligand per dimer of protein and a dissociation constant of 1.8 μM, in good agreement with the concentration of HSL required to activate carbapenem production in vivo. In the presence of HSL, CarR formed a very high molecular weight complex with its target DNA, indicating that the ligand causes the protein to multimerize. Chemical cross‐linking analysis supported this interpretation. Our data show that the ability of a given HSL to facilitate CarR binding to its target DNA sequence is directly proportional to the affinity of the HSL for the protein.