Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-fatal burn is a major cause of illness: findings from the largest community-based national survey in Bangladesh

Objective: To examine the incidence and characteristics of non-fatal burn injury in Bangladesh. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and December 2003 in Bangladesh. Nationally representative data were collected from 171 366 rural and urban households, with a total sample size of 819 429. Results: The incidence of non-fatal burns was 166.3 per 100 000 per year. The rate was higher in females than in males (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.27). Children less than 5 years of age were at much higher risk of burn injury than those older than 5 years (RR 7.05; 95% CI 6.35 to 7.8). Rural people were at more than three times higher risk of burn. The average number of days absent from school due to burn injury was 21.64 (SD 19.64); the average number of workdays lost was 22.96 (SD 35.94). The average duration of assistance required in daily living activities was 17.26 (SD 20.34) days. The hospitalisation rate was 12.6 per 100 000 population per year. The mean duration of hospital stay was 15.88 (SD 20.47) days. The rate of permanent disability was 2.6 per 100 000 population-years. Conclusion: Burn is a major cause of morbidity, disability, school absence, and workday loss. Young children, females, and rural dwellers are at highest risk. Home is the most risky place for children and females in terms of burn injury risk. To halt this devastating health issue, a national strategy and programme for burn prevention must be developed.
Large anomalous Hall effect driven by a nonvanishing Berry curvature in the noncolinear antiferromagnet Mn3Ge

A large anomalous Hall effect is observed in the triangular antiferromagnet Mn3Ge arising from an intrinsic electronic Berry phase. It is well established that the anomalous Hall effect displayed by a ferromagnet scales with its magnetization. Therefore, an antiferromagnet that has no net magnetization should exhibit no anomalous Hall effect. We show that the noncolinear triangular antiferromagnet Mn3Ge exhibits a large anomalous Hall effect comparable to that of ferromagnetic metals; the magnitude of the anomalous conductivity is ~500 (ohm·cm)−1 at 2 K and ~50 (ohm·cm)−1 at room temperature. The angular dependence of the anomalous Hall effect measurements confirms that the small residual in-plane magnetic moment has no role in the observed effect except to control the chirality of the spin triangular structure. Our theoretical calculations demonstrate that the large anomalous Hall effect in Mn3Ge originates from a nonvanishing Berry curvature that arises from the chiral spin structure, and that also results in a large spin Hall effect of 1100 (ħ/e) (ohm·cm)−1, comparable to that of platinum. The present results pave the way toward the realization of room temperature antiferromagnetic spintronics and spin Hall effect–based data storage devices.
Strategic human resource management and inertia in the corporate entrepreneurship of a multinational enterprise

Abstract Corporate entrepreneurship (CE) supports sustained competitive advantage through the continuous exploration and exploitation of new sources of knowledge. With an emphasis on combining knowledge in new configurations, strategic human resource management (HRM) activities are core to these entrepreneurial endeavours. We explore how strategic HRM activities may facilitate and impede CE through a rich, qualitative case study of three local entities within a business unit of a large multinational enterprise facing business stagnation and low levels of corporate entrepreneurship. Responding to a call for more empirical research that probes the subtle and complex interactions between HRM activities and other organisational factors affecting CE, we identify a configuration of inter-dependent factors that mutually reinforce each other and sustain inertia in corporate entrepreneurship. We also make two novel contributions to theory by (1) elaborating the links between organisational process-orientation, strategic HRM and CE; and (2) refining to our current understanding of human competencies for CE.
Using a bi-planar postural stability model to assess children with scoliosis

This study examines the postural stability of children with idiopathic scoliosis, using experimental data and a model of sway that includes mediolateral (ML) and anterioposterial (AP) components. The experimental data includes center of pressure (COP) measurements calculated from data acquired using two Advanced Medical Technology, Inc. (AMTI) force plates. Sway metrics are computed and compared with the model simulation, which successfully reproduced the clinical data from 16 children with scoliosis and 20 typically-developing children. This study is part of the first phase of a multi-year study designed to systematically assess whether fusing the spine to L4 in children with scoliosis has a significant impact on physical function and quality of life.
Ricardian Consumers with Keynesian Propensities

In this paper, we examine Ricardian equivalence of debt and tax finance in a world in which taxes are not lump-sum but are levied on risky labor income. First, we show that the marginal propensity to consume out of a tax cut, coupled with a future income tax increase, is positive under reasonable assumptions regarding preferences toward risk. Second, we document that the degree of income uncertainty facing the typical individual orfamily is large. Third, we show that, for plausible utility function parameters and distributions of future income, the MPC out of a tax cut is quantitatively large. Indeed, the MPC out of a tax cut, coupled with a future income tax increase, can be closer to the Keynesian value that ignores the future tax liabilities than to the Ricardian value that treats future taxes as if they were lump-sum.
Msx1 Mutations

Mutations in the transcription factors PAX9 and MSX1 cause selective tooth agenesis in humans. In tooth bud mesenchyme of mice, both proteins are required for the expression of Bmp4, which is the key signaling factor for progression to the next step of tooth development. We have previously shown that Pax9 can transactivate a 2.4-kb Bmp4 promoter construct, and that most tooth-agenesis-causing PAX9 mutations impair DNA binding and Bmp4 promoter activation. We also found that Msx1 by itself represses transcription from this proximal Bmp4 promoter, and that, in combination with Pax9, it acts as a potentiator of Pax9-induced Bmp4 transactivation. This synergism of Msx1 with Pax9 is significant, because it is currently the only documented mechanism for Msx1-mediated activation of Bmp4. In this study, we investigated whether the 5 known tooth-agenesis-causing MSX1 missense mutations disrupt this Pax9-potentiation effect, or if they lead to deficiencies in protein stability, protein-protein interactions, nuclear translocation, and DNA-binding. We found that none of the studied molecular mechanisms yielded a satisfactory explanation for the pathogenic effects of the Msx1 mutations, calling for an entirely different approach to the investigation of this step of odontogenesis on the molecular level.
Oxygen-Related Thermal Donor Formation in Dopant-Rich Compensated Czochralski Silicon

The thermal donor (TD) generation in dopant-rich compensated Czochralski silicon was studied by pulling an ingot from a feedstock containing large amounts of donors and acceptors. In a wafer located in the vicinity of the change of conductivity type, thermal donors were formed and the evolution of their concentration was similar to that in noncompensated lowly boron-doped silicon. Thus, simultaneous high densities of both boron and phosphorus do not have a significant impact on the TD formation. This brings the experimental evidence that for a given oxygen concentration and annealing temperature, the TD formation is controlled by the electron density.
Persistence of uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors in patients treated with percutaneous interventions for stable coronary artery disease not receiving cardiac rehabilitation

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation programmes are strongly recommended for all forms of coronary artery disease to reduce recurrent events and mortality. Few patients seem to participate in these programmes after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this study was to assess changes in lifestyle and risk factors after PCI for patients with stable disease and not included in cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 207 consecutive patients with stable disease who underwent a first elective PCI. Follow up was performed at 13.0 ± 3.2 months for 94.7%; 28 patients were excluded due to participation in a cardiac rehabilitation programme. Baseline values from admission sheets were compared to follow up values collected from the treating physician. Results: At follow up, systolic and diastolic blood pressures dropped (p = 0.001) as well as the prevalence of hypertension (p < 0.001). Significant reductions in cholesterol (p < 0.001) and blood glucose (p = 0.004) were also noted. Low-density lipoprotein levels stayed outside target in 47.2% and high-density lipoprotein levels in 75.0% of patients initially presenting with lipid disorders. Obesity prevalence remained high at follow up. Only 45.6% were performing regular physical exercise and 8.3% of smokers quit smoking. Only 13.3% attended any form of dietary advice programme. HADS-A score was 5.1 ± 3.9 and the HADS-D score was 3.8 ± 3.6. SF 36 questionnaire revealed a good quality of life with a mean value of 45.6 for physical and 42.9 for mental wellbeing. Conclusion: A considerable percentage of patients receiving PCI for stable angina do not achieve lifestyle and risk factor goals and therefore remain at increased risk for recurrent events. Efforts should be initiated to better implement guidelines that strongly recommend secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation after elective PCI.
The safety issues and hardware-related complications of deep brain stimulation therapy: a single-center retrospective analysis of 478 patients with Parkinson’s disease

Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established therapy for the treatment of advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) in patients experiencing motor fluctuations and medication-refractory tremor. Despite the relative tolerability and safety of this procedure, associated complications and unnatural deaths are still unavoidable. Methods In this study, hardware-related complications and the causes of unnatural death were retrospectively analyzed in 478 patients with PD who were treated with DBS. Results The results showed a 3-year survival rate of 98.6% and a 5-year survival rate of 96.4% for patients with PD who underwent DBS treatment at the study center. Pneumonia was the cause of death with the highest frequency. Prophylactic antibiotics and steroids or antihistamine drugs were adopted to reduce the risk of infection. Twenty-two patients (4.6%) experienced hardware-related complications. Conclusion Deaths of PD patients who receive DBS are typically unrelated to the disease itself or complications associated with the surgery. Pneumonia, malignant tumors, asphyxia, and multiple-organ failure are the common causes of death. Swallowing-related problems may be the most important clinical symptom in late-stage PD, as they cannot be stabilized or improved by DBS alone, and are potentially lethal. Although prophylactic antibiotics and steroids or antihistamine drugs may reduce the risk of infection, it is imperative to identify high-risk patients for whom a therapeutic approach not requiring an implantable device is more suitable, for example, pallidotomy and potentially transcranial ultrasound.
Development of gamma‐aminobutyric acid mediated inhibition of X cells of the cat lateral geniculate nucleus.

We studied the development of gamma‐aminobutyric (GABA) mediated inhibitory processes of the lateral geniculate nucleus cells in kittens of various age groups, by measuring the effect of ionophoretic application of GABA and bicuculline on cell response to sinusoidal gratings. In young kittens (less than 30 days) we found very few Y cells only X cells and weakly responsive cells which fitted neither X nor Y classifications ('immature' cells). As with adult cells, GABA inhibits the visual response of young kitten cells. Simultaneous application of bicuculline restored responsiveness. The mean GABA current to silence cell response in young kittens was significantly higher than that obtained in adult cats. Application of bicuculline alone had little effect on young kitten X‐cell responsiveness, either on the average discharge or on the amplitude of modulation to stimulation by sinusoidal gratings. For older kittens (40‐45 days), bicuculline increased X‐cell responsiveness, and the increase in responsiveness was dependent on stimulus contrast and spatial frequency. However, the increased responsiveness was less than that for adults. At 100 days the changes of slope of X‐cell contrast‐response curves during bicuculline application were similar to those observed for adult X cells. We conclude that, although GABA receptors may be present at 30 days, the GABA mediated inhibitory system does not begin to function until about 45 days and does not mature fully until about 100 days.
Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (r‐ATG) plus cyclosporine and granulocyte colony stimulating factor is an effective treatment for aplastic anaemia patients unresponsive to a first course of intensive immunosuppressive therapy

About 30% of patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) unresponsive to one course of immunosuppressive (IS) therapy with antithymocyte or antilymphocyte globulin can achieve complete or partial remission after a second IS treatment. Among various second‐line treatments, rabbit ATG (r‐ATG) could represent a safe and effective alternative to horse ALG (h‐ALG). In a multicentre study, 30 patients with SAA (17 males and 13 females, median age 21 years, range 2–67) not responding to a first course with h‐ALG plus cyclosporin (CyA) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF), were given a second course using r‐ATG (3.5 mg/kg/d for 5 d), CyA (5 mg/kg orally from day 1 to 180) and G‐CSF (5 μg/kg subcutaneously from day 1 to 90). The median interval between first and second treatment was 151 d (range 58–361 d). No relevant side‐effects were observed, but one patient died early during treatment because of sepsis. Overall response, defined as transfusion independence, was achieved in 23/30 (77%) patients after a median time of 95 d (range 14–377). Nine patients (30%) achieved complete remission (neutrophils 2.0 × 109/l, haemoglobin 11 g/dl and platelets 100 × 109/l). The overall survival rate was 93% with a median follow‐up of 914 d (range 121–2278). So far, no patient has relapsed. Female gender was significantly associated with a poorer likelihood to respond (P = 0.0006). These data suggest that r‐ATG is a safe and effective alternative to h‐ALG for SAA patients unresponsive to first‐line IS treatment.
TNF-alpha Activates MUC2 Transcription via NF-kappaB but Inhibits via JNK Activation

The molecular mechanisms responsible for TNF-α-mediated MUC2 intestinal mucin up-regulation in HM3 colon adenocarcinoma cells were analyzed using promoter-reporter assays of the 5’-flanking region of the MUC2 gene. Chemical inhibitors, mutant reporter constructs, and EMSA confirmed I-kappaB/NF-kappaB pathway involvement. Wortmannin, LY294002 and dominant negative Akt, as well as dominant negative NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) inhibited MUC2 reporter transcription, indicating that both phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway and NIK pathways mediate the effects of TNF-alpha. Wortmannin inhibited NF-kappaB binding and transcriptional activity without inhibiting NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus, indicating that PI3K/Akt signaling activates NF-kappaB transcriptional activity directly. Our results demonstrate that TNF-alpha up-regulates MUC2 in human colon epithelial cells via several signaling pathways, involving both NIK and PI3K/Akt, which converge at the common IKK/I-kappaB/NF-kappaB pathway. TNF-alpha activated JNK, but JNK inhibitor SP600125 and dominant negative cJun consistently activated transcription, revealing a negative role for this signaling pathway. Thus TNF-alpha causes a net up-regulation of MUC2 gene expression in cultured colon cancer cells because NF-kappaB transcriptional activation of this gene is able to counter-balance the suppressive effects of the JNK pathway. However, the existence of this inhibitory JNK pathways suggests a mechanism whereby - in the absence of NF-kappaB activation - TNF-alpha production during inflammation in vivo could actually inhibit MUC2 production, giving rise to the defective mucosal protection which characterizes inflammatory bowel disease.
Heart rate recovery as a guide to monitor fatigue and predict changes in performance parameters

Determining the optimal balance between training load and recovery contributes to peak performance in well‐trained athletes. The measurement of heart rate recovery (HRR) to monitor this balance has become popular. However, it is not known whether the impairment in performance, which is associated with training‐induced fatigue, is accompanied by a change in HRR. Therefore, the aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the relationship between changes in HRR and cycling performance in a group of well‐trained cyclists (n=14) who participated in a 4‐week high‐intensity training (HIT) program. Subjects were assigned to either a group that continuous had a increase in HRR (GIncr) or a group that showed a decrease in HRR (GDecr) during the HIT period. Both groups, GIncr and GDecr, showed improvements in the relative peak power output (P=0.001 and 0.016, respectively) and endurance performance parameters (P=0.001 and <0.048, respectively). The average power during the 40‐km time trial (40‐km TT), however, improved more in GIncr (P=0.010), resulting in a tendency for a faster 40‐km TT time (P=0.059). These findings suggest that HRR has the potential to monitor changes in endurance performance and contribute to a more accurate prescription of training load in well‐trained and elite cyclists.
Abrupt versus gradual smoking cessation with pre-cessation nicotine replacement therapy for cigarette smokers motivated to quit.

Gradual reduction before quitting smoking is common among unaided quitters; however most guidelines recommend abrupt cessation [e.g., (1)]. Using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to reduce cigarettes per day (CPD) increases cessation more than placebo among smokers who are not ready to quit (2). It is unclear whether this same strategy is effective for smokers who intend to quit now (3).
Antimicrobial resistance in Brazil: comparison of results from two multicenter studies.

To evaluate whether our previous study of the antimicrobial resistance patterns in three centers in Brazil represented the pattern in the country as a whole, the results were compared to new data on 855 isolates from 20 clinical laboratories and 36 hospitals located in different regions of Brazil. Both multicenter studies showed high rates of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacilli isolated in Brazilian hospitals with the most important problems being: 1) E.coli and K.pneumoniae that produce ESBL; 2) Enterobacter spp. which likely express chromosomally mediated (AmpC) stably derepressed cephalosporinases producing resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and broad spectrum penicillins; 3) carbapenem resistance among Acinetobacter spp. and P.aeruginosa; and 4) fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside resistance among many Gram-negative species. Our results emphasize the importance of regional antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs in guiding empirical therapy and for focusing intervention controls of antimicrobial resistance. Although the SENTRY Program has only three participating centers in Brazil, its results were validated by a larger Brazilian multicenter study.
Internet Service Provider Competition with Quasi-Inelastic Demand

This paper studies ISP (Internet Service Provider) competition in the presence of capacity constraint. Different from existing work, we consider a quasi-inelastic demand, which is an inelastic function with elastic property: when price p is not larger than price bR, the amount of demand is 1; when price p is larger than bR (b
The feasibility of micro‐ultrasound as a tool to image peripheral nerves

Despite widespread use of ultrasound imaging to guide needle placement, the incidence of transient and permanent nerve damage as a complication of regional anaesthesia has not changed over the last decade. In view of the controversy surrounding intraneural injection there is a need to understand the structural changes caused by subepineural and subperineural needle penetration. Clinical ultrasound machines do not provide adequate anatomical resolution, and anaesthetists have difficulty judging the precise location of the needle tip relative to the epineurium. We studied the suitability of micro‐ultrasound imaging (which offers anatomical resolution better than 100 μm) as a tool for viewing neural anatomy and deformation caused by needle insertion. The primary objective was to assess micro‐ultrasound imaging as a method to view fascicles within nerves resected from fresh and soft‐embalmed cadavers. Secondary objectives were to observe any disruption of the neural anatomy caused by anaesthetic needle penetration, and to assess the integrity of fresh and Thiel method soft‐embalmed nerves, after handling and during needle insertion using ultrasound images and histology. We imaged nine nerves from the left and right sides of fresh and soft‐embalmed cadavers. A regional block needle was inserted into three median nerves. We identified fascicles > 0.4 mm in width using micro‐ultrasound. Subepineural needle placement was associated with denting, rotation and elastic deformation of fascicles, whereas subperineural needle insertion split fascicles permanently.
Prednisone and aspirin in women with autoantibodies and unexplained recurrent fetal loss.

BACKGROUND Recurrent fetal loss has been well described in women with antiphospholipid antibodies. Such women also often have other autoantibodies commonly found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Treating them with prednisone and aspirin may reduce the risk of fetal loss. METHODS We screened 773 nonpregnant women who had the unexplained loss of at least two fetuses for antinuclear, anti-DNA, antilymphocyte, and anticardiolipin antibodies and for the lupus anticoagulant. Of 385 women with at least one autoantibody, 202 who later became pregnant were randomly assigned in equal numbers to receive either prednisone (0.5 to 0.8 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) and aspirin (100 mg per day) or placebo for the duration of the pregnancy. The women were stratified according to age (18 to 34 years or 35 to 39 years) and the week of gestation at which the previous fetal losses had occurred (< or = 12 or > 12 weeks). The primary outcome measure was a successful pregnancy. RESULTS Live infants were born to 66 women in the treatment group (65 percent) and 57 women in the placebo group (56 percent, P=0.19). More infants were born prematurely in the treatment group than in the placebo group (62 percent vs. 12 percent, P<0.001). The major side effects of therapy in the mothers were hypertension (treatment group, 13 percent; placebo group, 5 percent; P=0.05) and diabetes mellitus (15 percent and 5 percent, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Treating women who have autoantibodies and recurrent fetal loss with prednisone and aspirin is not effective in promoting live birth, and it increases the risk of prematurity.