Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The metabolism of labelled glucose by rabbit spermatozoa after incubation in utero.

There was usually an increase in the manometrically determined oxygen uptake of rabbit spermatozoa which has previously been subjected to an incubation in the uterus of the doe, and also an increase in aerobic glycolytic activity as estimated by glucose utilization and lactate accumulation. Freshly ejaculated rabbit spermatozoa produced aerobically about as much labelled carbon dioxide from [6-14C]glucose as from [1-14C]glucose, whereas spermatozoa incubated in utero oxidized [1-14C]glucose at a rate distinctly above that shown by fresh spermatozoa. The time required for the development of these metabolic changes was similar to that required for the capacitation of rabbit spermatozoa. Rabbit spermatozoa maintained in vitro for 2 hr or more at 37\s=deg\C suffered a marked decline in metabolism. The yield of 14CO2 from [1-14C]glucose, however, declined less than that from [6-14C]glucose.
Evaluation of a Selection of Intermediate Band Materials Based on Their Absorption Coefficients

The intermediate band materials BSSi<sub>214</sub>, Cu<sub>4</sub>CrGa<sub>3</sub>S<sub>8</sub>, Cu<sub>4</sub>TiGa<sub>3</sub>S<sub>8</sub>, Mg<sub>2</sub>In<sub>3</sub>VS<sub>8</sub>, S<sub>32</sub>Zn<sub>31</sub>Cr, and Te<sub>32</sub>Zn<sub>31</sub>Cr, as well as a certain configuration of InAs quantum dots in GaAs, are evaluated as candidates to implement highly efficient intermediate band solar cells. The evaluation implies calculating theoretical efficiencies by combining an existing mathematical model and the absorption coefficients for the investigated materials. The model takes into account the energy dependence and spectral overlaps of the absorption coefficients related to transitions between various pairs of electronic bands. The presented results represent theoretical efficiencies for flat-plate solar cells, without light-trapping schemes, based on absorption coefficients publicly available in scientific journals. Only BSSi<sub>214</sub> and InAs quantum dots in GaAs turn out to have theoretical efficiencies close to or above the detailed balance efficiency limit for single-bandgap cells. It appears unlikely that cells made of the other materials will be able to show efficiencies higher than single-bandgap cells either due to unfortunate absorption coefficients or due to bandgap combinations that are too far from the optimal. The results highlight the fact that materials have to be selected with great care when attempting to make IBSC prototypes with higher efficiency than conventional solar cells.
Synthesis of Unequally Spaced Antenna Arrays by Using Differential Evolution

Synthesis of unequally spaced linear antenna arrays is considered in this paper. A recently developed new differential evolution algorithm is applied to solve the problem. Both position-only and position-phase synthesis have been studied. Effect of angle resolution has also been investigated. Synthesis results show that our algorithm is able to obtain better synthesis result reliably and efficiently.
Private health service, public waiting time and patient welfare : theoretical modeling and empirical evidence

Motivated by health reform debates and policy changes in Canada and other OECD countries, we study how the private and public health care impact on the public health waiting time and more generally the welfare of patients. This thesis encompasses theoretical and empirical research. In Chapter 2, we develop a theoretical model and then empirically test the association between allowing private care financing and public waiting time using joint replacement surgery data of nine Canadian provinces. Two policies that induce private care financing are tested. The empirical results suggest that both policies are associated with shorter public waiting times. This work contributes to the existing literature by providing an empirical analysis of the relationship between private care financing and public health waiting time under a unique institutional setting. In Chapter 3, we investigate the effect of physician dual practice on public waiting time and patient welfare. Motivated by Manitoba’s cataract surgery evidence, our study shows that the public waiting time difference existing between dual-practice physicians and public-only physicians can be explained by service quality differentiation. Patients with lower time costs would have a longer waiting time if physician dual practice were allowed. But some of these patients could be better off by receiving a service of higher quality induced by allowing physician dual practice. This work contributes to the limited literature of physician dual practice. In Chapter 4, we study the use of tax or subsidy on private care to improve income redistribution given that the public health system is financed by a head tax. When the utilization of the public health system is low, the health planner should subsidize private care to induce patients with higher time costs to the private sector. The production cost of public care would then be reduced and so would be the head tax that everyone pays for. We show that the optimal tax/subsidy decision improves income redistribution when the utilization of public health system is either high or
Compliance of large feedyards in the northern high plains with the Beef Quality Assurance Feedyard Assessment

ABSTRACT Despite increasing public scrutiny of practices used in raising animals for food, there is little readily available information about how cattle handling is managed in feedyards. The purpose of this study was to score cattle handling in commercial feedyards using the most widely adopted program for managing cattle handling, and to make these scores available as evidence of producer commitment to proper care and handling of cattle. Our objectives were to estimate compliance with the Beef Quality Assurance Feedyard Assessment (BQA FA) for cattle handling, to validate 6 cattle handling categories of the BQA FA, and to document management practices and elements of facility design. Categories scored were electric prod use; chute operation; rates of cattle vocalizing, stumbling, and falling; and rate of cattle jumping and running. This study compiles findings for cattle handling scores in commercial feedlots using the BQA FA. Of 28 sites, average scores were in compliance with BQA FA for the following 4 categories: electric prod use, vocalization, stumbling, and falling. For the following 2 categories, average scores were not in compliance: a score of 4.2% versus the target of 0% was recorded for cattle caught improperly in the squeeze chute; and a score of 52% versus the target of 25% was recorded for cattle that jumped or ran from the squeeze chute exit. All but one site exceeded this target. Curved crowd systems were recorded for 89% of feedyards, 11% used Bud Box systems, and 78.5% had rubber mats at the squeeze chute exit.
Bone microstructure and growth patterns of early mammals

We present results of the first studies of the bone microstructure of early mammals, based on the Early Jurassic Morganucodon, the Late Cretaceous multituberculates, Kryptobaatar and Nemegtbaatar, and the Late Cretaceous eu− therians Zalambdalestes and Barunlestes. Our results show that the two eutherian taxa grew relatively slowly with pe− riodic pauses in growth indicated by the presence of rest lines, while the multituberculates and Morganucodon had a faster rate of bone formation that suggests an overall rapid growth rate that slowed down later in ontogeny. Compari− sons of the early mammalian bone microstructure with that of non−mammalian cynodonts, extant monotremes, and placentals are also made, and significant differences in the rate of osteogenesis in the various groups are documented. Our findings suggest differences in the growth rate between the multituberculates and the Mesozoic eutherians, and moreover, both groups appear to have slower growth rates as compared to modern monotremes and placentals. Our re− sults further suggest that the determinate growth strategy typical of extant mammals evolved early in the evolution of the non−mammalian therapsids. We speculate that the sustained, uninterrupted bone formation among the multi− tuberculates may have been an adaptive attribute prior to the K−T event, but that the flexible growth strategy of the early eutherians was more advantageous thereafter.
Do Institutional Investors Monitor their Large-Scale vs. Small-Scale Investments Differently? Evidence from the Say-On-Pay Vote

Theories of free-riding predict that only large shareholders will monitor management. We focus on the Say-On-Pay vote (SOP), which offers shareholders an unprecedented low-cost opportunity to provide feedback directed to management. We examine the fund, institutional, and aggregate level of votes, and document that financial institutions and mutual funds are particularly likely to oppose management for their small-scale investments, compared to their large-scale ones. This pattern is particularly strong on the institutional level in comparison to the fund level, indicating that institutions frequently determine how they wish to vote, but that they use the SOP vote differently for their small- versus large-scale investments.
The cognitive process of identity reconstruction after the onset of a neurological disability

Abstract Purpose: Rehabilitation professionals and researchers underscore the impact of an acquired disability on identity. However, the cognitive process by which identity is transformed is understudied. The present study aims to explore the cognitive process by which personal identity is reconstructed following disability onset. Methods: A template organizing style of interpretation was used to perform a qualitative analysis based on the Cognitive-Developmental Model of Social Identity Integration (CDMSII) using interview data from 10 participants with traumatic brain injury or traumatic spinal cord injury. Results: As suggested by the CDMSII, following the accident, participants initially tend to emphasize distinctions between their pre- and post-injury conditions. Eventually, individuals are able to create cognitive connections between pre-injury self-knowledge and how they understand their new condition. Finally, in the last stage of the identity integration process, the various identity components are recognized as part of the self. Organizing data based on the three stages of this theory was found to resonate with participants and aided the comprehension of how every stage in the identity reconstruction process is intertwined with the need for continuity through life. Conclusions: The CDMSII offers a useful heuristic for understanding long-term identity reconstruction and the present research emphasizes the importance of a sense of continuity following disability onset. Implications for Rehabilitation A central concern in the adjustment process following disability onset is identity reconstruction. The Cognitive-Developmental Model of Social Identity Integration is useful to understand this process. This study highlights the importance of a sense of continuity throughout the identity reconstruction process following disability onset. Therapists should first help to identify core pre-injury identity characteristics in order to sustain a sense of continuity. Subsequently, the patient can be helped with the creation of meaningful links between significant pre-injury characteristics and the post-injury circumstances. The process of identity reconstruction following disability onset spans many years, therapists need to address this issue in a long-term perspective.
Development of a carboxymethyl chitosan functionalized nanoemulsion formulation for increasing aqueous solubility, stability and skin permeability of astaxanthin using low-energy method

Abstract In this research, firstly astaxanthin (ASX)-loaded nanoemulsions (NEs) were produced using a convenient low-energy emulsion phase inversion method. The optimised ASX-NEs were prepared in the presence of Cremophor® EL and Labrafil® M 1944 CS, with a surfactant-to-oil ratio of 4:6. The ASX-NE droplets were spherical with a mean droplet diameter below 100 nm and a small negative surface charge. The system was stable without alteration of mean droplet diameter for three months. Then, the ASX-NE was functionalised with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) through direct CMCS (0.02%) incorporation during the preparation process. The ASX chemical stability and skin permeability increased in the following order: ASX solution control < ASX-NE < CMCS-ASX-NE. Cell viability assays on L929 cells revealed low cytotoxicity of blank NE, ASX-NE and CMCS-ASX-NE in the range from 5 to 500 μg mL−1. In conclusion, the CMCS-ASX-NE might be a promising delivery vehicle in dermal and transdermal products.
Actinomycete metabolism; incorporation of 14C-labelled compounds into streptomycin.

The expenses of this work were defrayed by grants from the British Empire Cancer Campaign. We are greatly indebted to Professor A. Haddow and Dr J. Graigie for supplying us with strains of high cancer incidence mice, and to Professor W. E. Burcham and his colleagues for supplies of copper irradiated by the Birmingham cyclotron. Dr T. E. Banks has supervised the maintenance of our radioactivity measuring apparatus, and we are grateful for his unfailing help in this respect. We are also pleased to acknowledge our indebtedness to Miss M. E. Lake, and Miss M. McKerrow who have assisted us in a few of these experiments, and to Mr M. P. Curwen for help and advice on statistical matters.
Recurrent frontal slicks of a coastal ocean upwelling shadow

[1] Marine ecosystems are greatly influenced by the structure and dynamics of fronts. In coastal upwelling systems, frontogenesis occurs frequently by upwelling and transport of cold water and warming in sheltered “upwelling shadow” retention sites. Monterey Bay, in the California Current upwelling system, hosts a dynamic upwelling shadow environment. Using a decade of satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations with ancillary remote sensing and in situ data, we describe recurrent surface slicks that develop along the seaward periphery of the Monterey Bay upwelling shadow, and we examine their relationships with fronts. Slick median dimensions, 17.5 km long and 0.8 km wide, describe their elongated structure. Although the typical pattern is a single slick, multiple slicks may concurrently develop in association with different types of fronts. Repeated volume surveys through a front, underlying a slick, revealed lateral mixing and interleaving of regional water types. Velocity fields from coastal HF radar show that slicks may coincide with a variety of surface circulation patterns, that they may extend contiguously across regions having very different surface velocity, and that they may be separated from the shear front of upwelling filaments by 5–10 km. Slicks occur in all seasons and may coincide with both upwelling and downwelling wind forcing. Surfactant accumulation in small-scale convergence zones is indicated as the primary mechanism of slick formation, not ocean current shear or small-scale air-sea coupling. The results of this study emphasize the role of upwelling system fronts in creating small-scale structure and dynamics that influence plankton ecology.
How source of funds affects buyer’s judgments of price fairness and subsequent response

Purpose This research aims to examine how source of funds (paying with company’s funds versus personal funds) affects buyer’s judgments of price fairness and via these judgments, buyer’s response to prices. Design/methodology/approach A scenario-based experiment is used (N = 200). To test the hypotheses, the authors run moderated mediation regression analyses with the help of the PROCESS macro. Findings Drawing on fairness heuristics theory, the authors hypothesize and find that relative to when paying with personal funds, when paying with company’s funds, the perceived price difference plays a less significant role, whereas the perceived social acceptability of the pricing practice underlying the price difference plays a more important role in shaping price fairness judgments and, via these judgments, buyer’s response to prices. Practical implications The findings generate advice for companies that serve both the business and personal segments (e.g. airlines and hotels). Buyers in the personal segment typically pay with their own money. To persuade these buyers that a price is fair, it is crucial to show that the price represents a good deal for them. Buyers in the business segment often pay with company’s fund. Companies have more flexibility in charging different prices, but they should make sure that the reasons for the price difference are socially acceptable. Originality/value This research shows how the relative role of price difference versus social acceptability in price fairness judgments varies as a function of source of funds and how an inconsistency between price difference and its economic impact affects price fairness judgments.
Polysialic acid at the cell surface: Biophysics in service of cell interactions and tissue plasticity

Polysialic acid (PSA) is a long polymer of negatively‐charged sialic acid associated with the neural cell adhesion molecule. PSA serves as a potent negative regulator of cell interactions via its unusual biophysical properties. During development the abundant and regulated expression of this carbohydrate is closely correlated with axon pathfinding and targeting, and with certain aspects of muscle formation. Its level can also be modulated by synaptic activity. PSA expression is more restricted in the neonatal and adult brain, being primarily associated with regions capable of morphological or physiological changes. Studies on the function of PSA studies suggest that its primary role is to promote developmentally‐controlled and activity‐dependent plasticity in cell interactions and thereby facilitate changes in the structure and function of the nervous system. The presence of PSA on a variety of metastatic tumor lines has also attracted the attention of oncologists, and its late appearance in evolution raises interesting questions about the phylogeny of complex tissue formation. J. Cell Biochem. 70:304–312, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Financing Patterns and Property Acquisitions of Sponsor-backed REITs: Evidence from J-REIT Markets

By using data on 51 real estate investment trusts (REITs) and 755 real estate deals from 2003iV2011 in Japan, this study presents evidence that the funding approach decisions of a sponsor-backed REIT differ from those of a REIT without a sponsor. The implications derived from the presented empirical analyses are threefold. First, with regard to the determinants of the choice of the funding approach, under a continuous high stock price trend or a rise in the stock price of a REIT, the probability of choosing stock issuance increases when the REIT and sponsor firm strike real estate deals. Second, the literature asserts that real estate asset liquidity and debt choice are positively related. However, our results suggest that under a high stock price trend, a REIT chooses stock issuance even when it purchases real estate assets that have a high degree of liquidity. Third, debt issuance is chosen when a REIT and its sponsor firm make numerous and large real estate deals when the stock price of the REIT falls.
Observations of Binary Stars with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument. VII. Measures from 2010 September to 2012 February at the WIYN Telescope

We report on speckle observations of binary stars carried out at the WIYN Telescope over the period from 2010 September through 2012 February, providing relative astrometry for 2521 observations of 883 objects, 856 of which are double stars and 27 of which are triples. The separations measured span a range of 0.01–1.75 arcsec. Wavelengths of 562, 692, and 880 nm were used, and differential photometry at one or more of these wavelengths is presented in most cases. 66 components were resolved for the first time. We also estimate detection limits at 0.2 and 1.0 arcsec for high-quality observations in cases where no companion was seen, a total of 176 additional objects. Detection limits vary based on observing conditions and signal-to-noise ratio, but are approximately 4 mag at 0.2 arcsec and 6 mag at 1.0 arcsec on average. Analyzing the measurement precision of the data set, we find that the individual separations obtained have linear measurement uncertainties of approximately 2 mas, and photometry is uncertain to approximately 0.1 mag in general. This work provides fundamental, well-calibrated data for future orbit and mass determinations, and we present three first orbits and total mass estimates of nearby K-dwarf systems as examples of this potential.
Relationship of Extent of Participation and Impact of National Watershed Development programme by the Beneficiaries

The present investigation was conducted in Beed and Nanded district of Marathwada region in Maharashtra State. The main objective of the study was to assess the relationship between profile of beneficiaries with their extent of participation and impact of NWDP. The data were collected with the help of pre-designed interview schedule by contacting 200 respondents i.e. 100 beneficiaries from watershed villages and 100 non-beneficiaries from non-watershed villages. The result revealed that majority (70.00%) of the beneficiaries having middle aged, followed by 38.00 per cent of the beneficiaries were educated up to secondary school level, while 52.00 per cent of the beneficiaries were having medium family size. Further it was observed that 53.00 per cent of the beneficiaries were from higher caste i.e. major castes – Maratha, Brahmin, while 49.00 per cent of the beneficiaries having semi medium land holding, whereas 60.00 per cent of the beneficiaries having medium area under irrigation. It was also found that 66.00 per cent of the beneficiaries having medium annual income, while 46.00 per cent of the beneficiaries having medium social participation, whereas 61.00 per cent of the beneficiaries having medium level of extension contact, and 52.00 per cent of the beneficiaries having medium level of economic motivation. Also the result showed that education, family size, land holding, area under irrigation, annual income, social participation, extension contact and economic motivation were found to be positively and significantly related with extent of participation and impact of NWDP.