Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of varying concentration of soybean oils on hemato-biochemical profile in mice

Plant fat like soybean oil is believed to be less harmful to our body compared to animal fat. To know the effect of soybean oil on hemato-biochemical profile, a total of 20, 6 weeks old “Swiss Albino” mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n=5). Group A was considered as control fed with rat pellets and others were treated with 2% (group B), 4% (group C) and 8% (group D) soybean oil, respectively, in addition to pellets . At the end of 45 days, hemato-biochemical parameters were analyzed. The total erythrocyte count (TEC) and hemoglobin (Hb) content were increased significantly (P<0.0 5 ) in group C and D compared to control group A and the highest concentration was recorded in group D. The total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and uric acid were also increased significantly (p<0.01) in group C and D compared to control and highest value was recorded in group D. It is concluded that some haemato-biochemical parameters of blood in the mice are affected by soybean oil enriched diet. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} DOI: http://dx.doi. org/ 10.3329/bjas.v42i2. 18502 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2 ): 148-151 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE
Involuntary Political Connections and Firm Outcomes

Using a unique setting in China, where the geographic distance between firms and local governments is set exogenously, we investigate the role of government involvement in small firms that lack the resources to cultivate political connections. Distant firms, with weaker government involvement, have better operating performance and higher growth and entry rates. We find similar effects around exogenous government relocations, and weaker effects when the legal system is more developed, when road infrastructure is better, and following adverse economic shocks. Furthermore, distance from government increases firm autonomy, and reduces taxes, protectionism, and anti-competitive behavior. JEL Classification: D72, P16
Cartducin stimulates mesenchymal chondroprogenitor cell proliferation through both extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt pathways

Cartducin, a paralog of Acrp30/adiponectin, is a secretory protein produced by both chondrogenic precursors and proliferating chondrocytes, and belongs to a novel C1q family of proteins. We have recently shown that cartducin promotes the growth of both mesenchymal chondroprogenitor cells and chondrosarcoma‐derived chondrocytic cells in vitro. However, the cartducin‐signaling pathways responsible for the regulation of cell proliferation have not been documented. In this study, we examined whether cartducin exists in serum and further investigated the intracellular signaling pathways stimulated by cartducin in mesenchymal chondroprogenitor cells. Western blot analysis showed that, unlike Acrp30/adiponectin, cartducin was undetectable in mouse serum. Next, mesenchymal chondroprogenitor N1511 cells were stimulated with cartducin, and three major groups of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway were examined. Cartducin activated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Akt, but not c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) nor p38 MAPK. The MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, blocked cartducin‐stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation and suppressed the DNA synthesis induced by cartducin in N1511 cells. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, blocked cartducin‐stimulated Akt phosphorylation and a decrease in cartducin‐induced DNA synthesis in N1511 cells was also observed. These data suggest that cartducin is a peripheral skeletal growth factor, and that the proliferation of mesenchymal chondroprogenitor cells stimulated by cartducin is associated with activations of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
Quantification and Analysis of Thymidine Kinase Expression from Acyclovir-Resistant G-String Insertion and Deletion Mutants in Herpes Simplex Virus-Infected Cells

ABSTRACT To be clinically relevant, drug-resistant mutants must both evade drug action and retain pathogenicity. Many acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus mutants from clinical isolates have one or two base insertions (G8 and G9) or one base deletion (G6) in a homopolymeric run of seven guanines (G string) in the gene encoding thymidine kinase (TK). Nevertheless, G8 and G9 mutants express detectable TK activity and can reactivate from latency in mice, a pathogenicity marker. On the basis of studies using cell-free systems, ribosomal frameshifting can explain this ability to express TK. To investigate frameshifting in infected cells, we constructed viruses that express epitope-tagged versions of wild-type and mutant TKs. We measured TK activity by plaque autoradiography and expression of frameshifted and unframeshifted TK polypeptides using a very sensitive immunoprecipitation-Western blotting method. The G6 mutant expressed ∼0.01% of wild-type levels of TK polypeptide. For the G9 mutant, consistent with previous results, much TK expression could be ascribed to reversion. For the G8 mutant, from these assays and pulse-labeling studies, we determined the ratio of synthesis of frameshifted to unframeshifted polypeptides to be 1:100. The effects of stop codons before or after the G string argue that frameshifting can initiate within the first six guanines. However, frameshifting efficiency was altered by stop codons downstream of the string in the 0 frame. The G8 mutant expressed only 0.1% of the wild-type level of full-length TK, considerably lower than estimated previously. Thus, remarkably low levels of TK are sufficient for reactivation from latency in mice.
The Anatomy of Discretion: An Analysis of Prosecutorial Decision Making Technical Report.

Prosecuting attorneys enjoy broader discretion in making decisions that influence criminal case outcomes than any other actors in the American justice system. That they do so with little or no public scrutiny suggests questions about justice and fairness. This study examines the impact of legal, quasi-legal, and extra-legal factors on case outcomes throughout the prosecutorial process. It then examines how prosecutors weigh these factors in their decision making and explores the formal and informal mechanisms that constrain or regulate prosecutors decision-making. The study examines case screening decisions, charging decisions, plea offers, sentence recommendations, and dismissals in two moderately large county prosecutors offices. It includes statistical analyses of actual case outcomes, responses to a standardized set of hypothetical cases, and responses to a survey of prosecutors opinions and priorities, as well as qualitative analyses of two waves of individual interviews and focus groups.
Contribution of Immunohistochemistry to Small B-Cell Lymphoma Classification

Although the small B-cell lymphomas show major morphologic overlapping, they have been recently shown to be distinct entities with several biologic and clinical differences. Therefore, the utility of a panel of paraffin-reactive antibodies in differentiating these neoplasms was investigated. Using clinical data and morphologic criteria, 134 cases of small B-cell lymphomas were grouped as those with (1) one strongly suggested diagnosis, (2) differential diagnosis between two types of lymphomas, and (3) small B-cell lymphoma without hints for further subclassification. With a panel of antibodies including CD5, CD10, CD23, CD43, bcl-2, and cyclin D1, most but not all cases could be precisely categorized. This panel confirmed the diagnosis in 96.5% of the cases from group 1. In group 2 it confirmed one of the two diagnoses in 81.5% of the cases. In group 3 it established a definitive diagnosis in 55% of the cases. When all groups were considered, a correct diagnosis could be established for 88.1% of cases; for 6.7% of them the authors remained with two possible diagnosis, and the broad “small B-cell lymphoma” was the only diagnosis for 5.2% of cases. CD10 separated most follicular lymphomas from other small B-cell lymphoid neoplasms. CD23 separated small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cyclin D1 separated mantle cell lymphoma. The present study selected CD10, CD23, and cyclin D1 as a minimal panel for the classification of small B-cell lymphomas, yielding a final diagnosis in 88.1% of the cases.
Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) and Health-Related Quality of Life in Naive and Pretreated HIV-Infected Patients

Abstract Purpose: To compare changes in health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) over 3 months in a cohort of patients who were initiating their first antiretroviral therapy (naive patients) and patients who had been previously treated with two nucleoside analogues and who switched to HAART (pretreated patients). Method: One hundred thirty-eight patients initiating or changing to HAART (indinavir plus two nucleoside analogues) were recruited from 23 Spanish hospitals. Patients’ HR-QOL was evaluated by administering the Medical Outcome Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV) questionnaire at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Clinical changes and changes in HR-QOL were measured after 3 months of treatment. The size of changes in HR-QOL scores was calculated at 3 months using the effect size (ES). Results: On entering the study, both groups showed similar characteristics except in viral load and number of symptoms. The naive group presented an average viral load 2.5 times greater than the pretreated group and had 1.5 more symptoms per patient. The pretreated group began treatment with higher scores (better QOL) than the naive group in 7 of the 11 HR-QOL dimensions and in the two health summary scores (p < .05). After 3 months of treatment, significant differences appeared between both groups in terms of the percentage of patients with viral loads that decreased by more than 1 log (78.9% naive group, 54.3% pretreated group; p < .01); plasma HIV-1 viral load was not detectable in 33.3% of naive patients versus 13.5% of pretreated patients (p < .01). At 3 months, no statistically significant differences in changes in HR-QOL were found between naive and pretreated patients. Conclusion: After 3 months of therapy with a HAART regimen, including two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir, naive patients presented a greater virological response but no significant differences in changes in HR-QOL when compared to pretreated patients. Both naive patients and patients previously treated with two nucleoside analogues showed improvement in clinical variables and in HR-QOL after this period of time.
Coexisting Ovarian Malignancy in Young Women With Endometrial Cancer

OBJECTIVE: In premenopausal women with endometrial cancer, ovarian preservation may be a consideration. Our objective was to examine the occurrence of coexisting ovarian malignancy and to identify predictors of adnexal involvement. METHODS: With institutional review board approval, a retrospective chart review was conducted of young women with endometrial cancer identified at 4 affiliated institutions from 1996 to 2004. RESULTS: Among 102 young women (aged 24–45 years) who underwent hysterectomy for endometrial cancer, 26 (25%) were found to have coexisting epithelial ovarian tumors: 23 were classified as synchronous primaries, and 3 as metastases. Ovarian cancer histology was endometrioid in 92% of cases. Among the 26 cases of coexisting ovarian involvement, 12 (46%) had grade 1 endometrial cancer on preoperative biopsy, 4 (15%) had normal preoperative imaging of the adnexa, and 4 (15%) had benign-appearing ovaries at the time of intraoperative assessment. On final pathology, 18 of 26 cases (69%) occurred in patients with grade 1 endometrial cancers, and 15 (58%) occurred with inner myometrial invasion. Our study further highlights the risk of conservative management with 1 case of ovarian cancer diagnosed 9 months after hysterectomy with ovarian conservation for a stage IA, grade 1 endometrial cancer and a case of advanced endometrial cancer metastatic to the ovaries developing 3 years after successful resolution of a grade 1 endometrial cancer treated with megestrol acetate (Megace). CONCLUSION: Careful preoperative and intraoperative assessment of the adnexa is mandatory in young women with endometrial cancer. Those who desire ovarian preservation should be counseled regarding the high rate of coexisting ovarian malignancy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-3
One Village One Product (OVOP)—A Rural Development Strategy and the Early Adaption in Vietnam, the Case of Quang Ninh Province

Agriculture and rural development has continuously been a hot debate and received significant attention from literature. In this context, endogenous development is considered to be basic approach for rural development strategies in many countries of which the Japanese model namely One Village One Product (OVOP) is a successful one. This paper studies the OVOP movement and analyzes its early adaption in Vietnam, the so-called One Commune One Product (OCOP). This question is addressed by reviewing the existing literature on OVOP following by a case study in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam. The results, reveal, in practice, despite some criticism, OCOP strategy in general generate employment opportunities, incomes; enhance creativity and capability of local people.
Government Subsidies and Corporate Misconduct

I study the relation between firms' receipt of significant subsidies in their home states and their subsequent propensities to engage in financial fraud. Firms that receive subsidies are likely to have greater influence over the lawmakers who award these subsidies, relative to nonrecipient firms, but may also be subject to higher external scrutiny. I find that firms receiving tax breaks -- but not cash grants -- tend to engage in fraud more frequently relative to nonrecipient firms. Additionally, there is no relation between fraud and subsidies received in other states, even though those subsidies are similar in other respects; only firms' home-state subsidies are associated with higher levels of corporate fraud, consistent with lower enforcement intensity as a result of capture. I also show that the relation between targeted subsidies and fraud is mitigated in the presence of high third-party interest, measured using Google search volume intensity; counterfactual analysis suggests that a 1% increase in subsidy scrutiny would be associated with a roughly 1.3% decrease in fraud by subsidized firms. My findings provide insight into the relation between subsidies and financial fraud, suggesting that recent recommendations by standard-setters for additional subsidy disclosures by both governments and firms provide useful information to policymakers and investors.
Large granular lymphocytes or “Pit cells” from rat liver: isolation, ultrastructural characterization and natural killer activity

Considerable numbers of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were isolated from rat liver by a simple method consisting of sinusoidal lavage at elevated (50 cm water column) perfusion pressure. This method gave a yield comparable with the enzymatic dissociation method commonly used for the isolation of nonparenchymal liver cells, but was shorter in time and had the advantage of avoiding the potentially harmful effects of the dissociating enzymes. The isolated LGL were highly cytotoxic against YAC‐1 lymphoma cells and this cytolytic activity was blocked by treatment of the effector cells with an antibody against natural killer cells (anti‐asialo GM1). We characterized the hepatic LGL as nonphagocytic, nonadherent, peroxidase‐negative and acid phosphatase‐positive cells which could be enriched in the low‐density fraction of a Percoll gradient. At the light microscopic level, they showed characteristic azurophilic granules which corresponded to strongly osmiophilic granules with a specific morphology in electron microscopy. It is concluded that these LGL are identical to the “pit cells” which were formerly described by electron microscopy in situ as normal components of the liver sinusoids and which are easily recognized by their fine structure. It is also proposed that the liver may represent one of the major natural killer organs.
Perception of epilepsy among the urban secondary school children of Bareilly district

Background: There is a lack of knowledge about epilepsy among the students and the population in general, with consequent prejudice and discrimination toward epileptic patients. Objectives: Knowledge, behavior, attitude and myth toward epilepsy among urban school children in Bareilly district was studied. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among students of 10 randomly selected secondary schools of the urban areas in Bareilly district. A structured, pretested questionnaire was used to collect data regarding sociodemographic characteristics and assess the subject's knowledge, behavior, attitude and myth toward epilepsy. Results: Of the 798 students (533 boys and 265 girls) studied, around 98.6% had heard of epilepsy. About 63.7% correctly thought that epilepsy is a brain disorder while 81.8% believed it to be a psychiatric disorder. Other prevalent misconceptions were that epilepsy is an inherited disorder (71.55%) and that the disease is transmitted by eating a nonvegetarian diet (49%). Most of them thought that epilepsy can be cured (69.3) and that an epileptic patient needs lifelong treatment (77.2). On witnessing a seizure, about 51.5% of the students would take the person to the hospital. Majority (72.31%) of the students thought that children with epilepsy should study in a special school. Conclusions: Although majority of the students had reasonable knowledge of epilepsy, myths and superstitions about the condition still prevail in a significant proportion of the urban school children. It may be worthwhile including awareness programs about epilepsy in school education to dispel misconceptions about epilepsy.
Cardiovascular and cortisol responses to a psychological stressor during pregnancy

Background. The goal of this study was to describe the physiological reactions of pregnant women confronted with an experimental psychosocial stressor, and to determine whether the protocol is adequate for stress testing during pregnancy. Methods. Healthy primiparae (n = 120) took part in a public speaking and mental arithmetic test. Results. The protocol was found to induce significant increases in saliva cortisol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. The physiological reactions were relatively large compared to those of earlier published studies using physical and psychological stressors during pregnancy, but comparable or slightly lower than those of a group of non‐pregnant participants (n = 31) tested with a similar protocol. Also, inter‐individual variability in reactivity was found, with subjects differing substantially in the magnitude of their reactions to the experimental situation. The cardiovascular responses were correlated to each other and to the overall level of cortisol during the test. Finally, reactivity showed circadian variations with cortisol and systolic blood pressure reactions significantly different (i.e. smaller or even absent) in subjects tested in the morning compared to those tested in the afternoon. Testing in the afternoon hours is recommended. Conclusions. The protocol described in this paper appears to constitute an adequate tool for studying differences in maternal stress reactivity during pregnancy, and as such, can be valuable for studies on maternal prenatal stress.
Maternal Feeding Goals and Restaurant Menu Choices for Young Children.

BACKGROUND Childhood obesity remains a major public health issue. One recent effort to improve the obesogenic environment is mandating that restaurants provide calorie and other nutritional content on menus. Little is known about whether maternal feeding for young children is influenced by calorie disclosure on menus. This study examined (1) whether maternal feeding goals associate with mothers' food selections for their young children and (2) whether mothers change entrée and side selections for their children when calories/fat grams are listed on menus. METHODS One-hundred seventy mothers of children ages of 3-6 years participated in an online survey. Most participants identified as white (76.5%), with a mean BMI of 25.68 (standard deviation=5.94). Mothers were presented two menus (one with and one without calorie/fat information). RESULTS The goal of feeding for the child's familiarity with the food was significantly associated with mothers' selection of original side dish and entrées, with greater endorsement of this goal associated with choosing high-calorie/-fat sides and entrées. Feeding for natural content was associated with mothers' selection of original entrée, with greater endorsement of this goal associated with choosing low-calorie/-fat entrées. Significantly fewer mothers chose a higher-calorie entrée when there was menu labeling. CONCLUSIONS Maternal feeding goals are associated with mothers' selection of entrée and side dishes on restaurant menus. Results from this study suggest that menu labeling of calories and fat grams may influence entrée choices by mothers. Targeting mothers' feeding goals and labeling restaurant menus may improve the diets of young children.
Time reversal with single antenna systems in indoor multipath environments: spatial focusing and time compression

This research focuses on the characterization of time reversal (TR) technique in indoor multipath environments which have typical propagation features such as the waveguide effect of hallways, multiple reflection and transmission of slab walls, diffraction from edges (especially metal edges), and scattering from various small structures. The two-dimensional FDTD method is employed for the simulation of the wave propagation. An indoor environment is simulated and the effect of furniture and other scattering objects in the region of interest is examined. To quantitatively characterize the spatial focusing and time compressing, the spatial energy focusing factor (SEF) and the time compressing factor (TCF) are defined. It is found that energy focusing and time compressing can be achieved in the indoor environment and scatterers such as metal door frames can significantly improve the focusing and compression effects
The fair value of investment property and stock price crash risk

ABSTRACT This study examines whether recognizing fair value of investment property is more associated with stock price crash risk than recognizing historical cost of investment property. Using a sample of publicly traded firms that held investment property from 2007 through 2011 in China, we find that firms that recognize investment property at fair value in China experience an increase in crash risk. The findings suggest that fair value reporting for investment property in China does not convey private managerial information regarding firm value and could be a channel for concealing information. In additional analysis, we also find evidence that the association between fair value reporting and increased crash risk is mitigated in firms with strong corporate governance.