Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applied Developmental Science Defining Applied Developmental Science 43 Elements of the History of Applied Developmental Science 45 Domains of Inquiry and Action in Applied Developmental Science 47 Parenting and Early Child Care and Education 48 Developmental Psychopathology and Developmental Assets

Developmental psychology’s emergent identity as an applied developmental science (ADS) reflects our discipline’s rich and complex history and forecasts our discipline’s challenges and opportunities as we begin our second century of science and practice. As proponents of a key subdiscipline of psychology, we continue our commitment to advance psychology “as a science, as a profession, and as a means of promoting human welfare” (American Psychological Association, 2000, p. 1) and to “promote, protect, and advance the interests of scientifically oriented psychology in research, application, and the improvement of human welfare” (American Psychological Society, 2000, p. 1). Fulfilling this commitment involves heeding the recent call of a Nobel Foundation symposium for better integrated models of life-span development and for interdisciplinary and international frameworks (Cairns, 1998; Magnusson, 1996). This chapter provides a brief history of the emergence, or re-emergence, of ADS as a compelling umbrella for advancing developmental psychology, with a particular focus on the first two decades of life, namely, child and adolescent psychology. Consistent with the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary mandates, consideration of the kindred disciplines that partner to advance knowledge follows. Examples of substantive areas of inquiry and action in ADS are then considered, including articulation of the special methods of ADS, the special ethical imperatives of ADS, and some particular training challenges for ADS. DEFINING APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE
Causal Models and Conditional Reasoning

Book synopsis: Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Although causal reasoning is a component of most of our cognitive functions, it has been neglected in cognitive psychology for many decades. The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning offers a state-of-the-art review of the growing field, and its contribution to the world of cognitive science. The Handbook begins with an introduction of competing theories of causal learning and reasoning. In the next section, it presents research about basic cognitive functions involved in causal cognition, such as perception, categorization, argumentation, decision-making, and induction. The following section examines research on domains that embody causal relations, including intuitive physics, legal and moral reasoning, psychopathology, language, social cognition, and the roles of space and time. The final section presents research from neighboring fields that study developmental, phylogenetic, and cultural differences in causal cognition. The chapters, each written by renowned researchers in their field, fill in the gaps of many cognitive psychology textbooks, emphasizing the crucial role of causal structures in our everyday lives. This Handbook is an essential read for students and researchers of the cognitive sciences, including cognitive, developmental, social, comparative, and cross-cultural psychology; philosophy; methodology; statistics; artificial intelligence; and machine learning.
Base Change, Tensor Product and the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture

We prove the Rankin-Selberg convolution of two cuspidal automorphic representations are automorphic whenever one of them arises from an irreducible representation of an abelian-by-nilpotent Galois extension, which extends the previous result of Arthur-Clozel. Moreover, if one of such representations is of dimension at most 2 and another representation arises from a nearly nilpotent extension or a Galois extension of degree at most 59, the automorphy of the Rankin-Selberg convolution has been derived. As an application, we show that certain quotients of L-functions associated to non-CM elliptic curves are automorphic, which generalises a result of M. R. Murty and V. K. Murty.
Regional Innovation Systems

Regional innovations systems are a response to the emerging view in the 1990s that national innovation systems were not necessarily successful in addressing the challenge of competitiveness in period of globalisation. Indeed, with the emergence of clusters as a local innovation system much of the emphasis on competitive advantage in innovation was predicated on the existence of regional and local innovation systems. Hence, the relationship saw local innovation systems being the basis for national competitive advantage, a significant shift in emphasis.
Decoding Customer–Firm Relationships: How Attachment Styles Help Explain Customers' Preferences for Closeness, Repurchase Intentions, and Changes in Relationship Breadth

Many firms strive to create relationships with customers, but not all customers are motivated to build close commercial relationships. This article introduces a theoretical framework that explains how relationship-specific attachment styles account for customers' distinct preferences for closeness and how both attachment styles and preferences for closeness influence loyalty. The authors test their predictions with survey data from 1199 insurance customers and three years of purchase records for 975 of these customers. They find that attachment styles predict customers' preferences for closeness better than established marketing variables do. Moreover, attachment styles and preferences for closeness influence loyalty intentions and behavior, controlling for established antecedents (e.g., relationship quality). Finally, exploring the underlying process, the authors show that preference for closeness partially mediates the effect of attachment styles on cross-buying behavior. This research provides novel customer segmentation criteria and actionable guidelines that managers can use to improve their ability to tailor relationship marketing activities and more effectively allocate resources to match customer preferences.
An Improved Path-Following Method for Mixed Controller Design

— In this short note, we deﬁne parametric convex programming (PCP) in a slightly different manner than it is usually done by extending convexity not only to variables but also to the parameters, and we show that the widely applied model predictive control (MPC) technique is a particular case of PCP. The main result of the note is an answer to the inverse question of PCP: which feedback laws can be generated by PCP? By employing results of convex analysis, we provide a constructive proof—yet not computational—that allows us to conclude that every continuous feedback law can be obtained by PCP.
Appendix A. Supplementary Materials to the Paper " Updating and Downdating Techniques for Optimizing Network Communi- Cability "

Abstract. In this document we summarize a few supplementary results to the accompanying paper. We give a detailed proof of the bounds on the normalized total communicability obtained via quadrature rules (Theorem 3.1, section 3). We also derive the computational costs for the heuristics introduced. Moreover, this document contains the results of some numerical experiments performed on four small networks to assess the valuability of our techniques. We provide full descriptions four our downdating and updating algorithms and for the updating algorithm developed in [4]. Finally, we briefly recall the approach used to relate the Estrada index of a graph to its Helmholtz free energy.
Divided differences and the Weyl character formula in equivariant K-theory

Let $X$ be a topological space and $G$ a compact connected Lie group acting on $X$. Atiyah proved that the $G$-equivariant K-group of $X$ is a direct summand of the $T$-equivariant K-group of $X$, where $T$ is a maximal torus of $G$. We show that this direct summand is equal to the subgroup of $K_T^*(X)$ annihilated by certain divided difference operators. If $X$ consists of a single point, this assertion amounts to the Weyl character formula. We also give sufficient conditions on $X$ for $K_G^*(X)$ to be isomorphic to the subgroup of Weyl invariants of $K_T^*(X)$.
Configuration of the Drainage System of Midtdalsbreen, Norway, as Indicated by Dye-Tracing Experiments

Abstract During the summers of 1987 and 1988, 15 dye-tracer tests from a total of eight injection points were conducted in the ablation area of Midtdalsbreen, a northern outlet of Hardangerjokulen, southern Norway. The spatial and temporal patterns of water discharge, shapes of the dye-return curves, through-flow velocities, dye-recovery rates, dispersivities, and velocity/discharge relationships suggest the existence of distinct catchments beneath the eastern and western halves of the glacier which are characterized by different types of drainage sytem. Experiments on the eastern side were associated with high melt-water discharges and produced short-lived and highly peaked dye-return curves, fast through-flow velocities, high dye-recovery rates, low dispersivity values which decreased through the melt season, and a velocity/discharge relationship with an exponent of 1.0. Experiments on the western side were associated with low melt-water discharges and produced flat, extended dye-return curves which often displayed secondary peaks, slow through-flow velocities, low dye-recovery rates, high dispersivity values which increased during the melt season, and a velocity/discharge relationship with an exponent of 0.6. Comparison of observed through-flow velocities with values calculated theoretically using various hypothetical drainage-system structures suggests that water flows in a major sinuous conduit beneath the eastern half of the glacier and in a system of linked cavities beneath the western half. A model for the seasonal evolution of the whole drainage network is postulated which has important implications for temporal variations in subglacial water pressures and glacier-sliding velocity.
DISTANCE‐BASED REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS: TESTING MULTISPECIES RESPONSES IN MULTIFACTORIAL ECOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS

We present a new multivariate technique for testing the significance of individual terms in a multifactorial analysis-of-variance model for multispecies response variables. The technique will allow researchers to base analyses on measures of association (distance measures) that are ecologically relevant. In addition, unlike other distance-based hypothesis-testing techniques, this method allows tests of significance of interaction terms in a linear model. The technique uses the existing method of redundancy analysis (RDA) but allows the analysis to be based on Bray-Curtis or other ecologically meaningful measures through the use of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Steps in the procedure include: (1) calculating a matrix of distances among replicates using a distance measure of choice (e.g., Bray-Curtis); (2) determining the principal coordinates (including a correction for negative eigenvalues, if necessary), which preserve these distances; (3) creating a matrix of dummy variables corresponding to the design of the experiment (i.e., individual terms in a linear model); (4) analyzing the relationship between the principal coordinates (species data) and the dummy variables (model) using RDA; and (5) implementing a test by permutation for particular statistics corresponding to the particular terms in the model. This method has certain advantages not shared by other multivariate testing procedures. We demonstrate the use of this technique with experimental ecological data from intertidal assemblages and show how the presence of significant multivariate interactions can be interpreted. It is our view that distance-based RDA will be extremely useful to ecologists measuring multispecies responses to structured multifactorial experimental designs.
Coping with Interruptions in Computer-mediated Environments: the Role of Computer Self-efficacy Research-in-progress

Since technostress has been linked to tremendous productivity losses for U.S. organizations, this research-in-progress examines whether computer self-efficacy (CSE) can help individuals cope (i.e., deal) with such technological stressors as technology-mediated (T-M) interruptions (e.g., instant messages). Investigating the role of CSE in this context sheds light on the ways in which employees can maintain a positive well-being despite the presence of technological stressors. More specifically, we tried to understand the complex relationships between technology, stress, and information systems-related individual differences to provide businesses with an understanding of the conditions under which employees can work effectively. Drawing from the cognitive psychology and the technostress bodies of literature, we hypothesize that CSE moderates the link between the frequency with which such T-M interruptions as instant messages appear and stress. This paper proposes a laboratory experiment to test our model and concludes with an overview of its expected contributions.
SEARCHES FOR HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINO EMISSION IN THE GALAXY WITH THE COMBINED ICECUBE–AMANDA DETECTOR

We report on searches for neutrino sources at energies above 200 GeV in the Northern sky of the Galactic plane, using the data collected by the South Pole neutrino telescope, IceCube, and AMANDA. The Galactic region considered in this work includes the local arm toward the Cygnus region and our closest approach to the Perseus Arm. The searches are based on the data collected between 2007 and 2009. During this time AMANDA was an integrated part of IceCube, which was still under construction and operated with 22 strings (2007–2008) and 40 strings (2008–2009) of optical modules deployed in the ice. By combining the advantages of the larger IceCube detector with the lower energy threshold of the more compact AMANDA detector, we obtain an improved sensitivity at energies below ∼10 TeV with respect to previous searches. The analyses presented here are a scan for point sources within the Galactic plane, a search optimized for multiple and extended sources in the Cygnus region, which might be below the sensitivity of the point source scan, and studies of seven pre-selected neutrino source candidates. For one of them, Cygnus X-3, a time-dependent search for neutrino emission in coincidence with observed radio and X-ray flares has been performed. No evidence of a signal is found, and upper limits are reported for each of the searches. We investigate neutrino spectra proportional to E−2 and E−3 in order to cover the entire range of possible neutrino spectra. The steeply falling E−3 neutrino spectrum can also be used to approximate neutrino energy spectra with energy cutoffs below 50 TeV since these result in a similar energy distribution of events in the detector. For the region of the Galactic plane visible in the Northern sky, the 90% confidence level muon neutrino flux upper limits are in the range E3dN/dE ∼ 5.4–19.5 × 10−11 TeV2 cm−2 s−1 for point-like neutrino sources in the energy region [180.0 GeV–20.5 TeV]. These represent the most stringent upper limits for soft-spectra neutrino sources within the Galaxy reported to date.
PERSPECTIVES IN ORNITHOLOGY CLIMATE MODELS AND ORNITHOLOGY

1Information Center for the Environment, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA; 2PRBO Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive #11, Petaluma, California 94954, USA; 3Avian Conservation and Ecology Lab, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA; and 4Climate Change and Impacts Lab, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
PHASE-FIELD MODELING OF PRESSURIZED FRACTURES IN A POROELASTIC MEDIUM

In this paper we present an incremental formulation of the phase field model for a fluid filled crack in a poroelastic medium. The mathematical model represents a linear elasticity system with fading elastic moduli as the crack grows that is coupled with an elliptic variational inequality for the phase field variable. The convex constraint of the variational inequality assures the irreversibility and entropy compatibility of the crack formation. We establish existence of a minimizer of an energy functional of an incremental problem and convergence of a finite dimensional approximation. Computational results of benchmark problems are provided that demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in treating fracture propagation.
" Ceo Pay-for-complexity and Opaque Multinational Diversification " On

We develop measures of multinational enterprise (MNE) opacity that capture relatively intense diversification into countries classified as (1) tax-havens (2) having small GDP (3) having a highcorrupt index and (4) having a weak rule of law. We first establish that CEO pay is, on average, increasing in the extent of multinational diversification, consistent with intuition documented in prior work that more complex firms are matched to higher ability CEOs, which in turn requires a pay premium. But we then document that CEO pay is decreasing in multinational diversification when the diversification is opaque, despite the fact that the opacity adds complexity to the firm. Additionally, in general, for high levels of multinational diversification, pay is explicitly designed so as not to provide rewards for multinational opacity. An implication of our findings is that private benefits likely exist for CEOs who diversify highly multinational-diverse firms in an opaque manner or further diversify firms already opaque. * Corresponding author, 100 Fuqua Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0120, USA, tel: (919) 660-1949, fax: (919) 660-7971. We thank Erv Black, Jan Bouwens, Brian Cadman, Ted Christensen, Asher Curtis, Jennifer Francis, Frank Hartmann, Rachel Hayes, Philip Joos, Christo Karuna, Mike Lemmon, Josh Madsen, Per Olsson, Emma Peng, Kyle Peterson, Laurence Van Lent, Anastasia Zakolyukina, and workshop participants at Brigham Young University, Curtin University, Duke University, London Business School, University of Oregon, Tilburg University, University of Utah, the annual meetings of the American and European Accounting Associations, and the mid-year meeting of the AAA Management Accounting Section, for their helpful comments.
Introduction to Special Issue on: Mobile Applications

Preamble: This is the second special issue of the International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems (IJCDS) that focuses on mobile applications, and publishes selected papers from the 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Applications (MobiApps 2015), 24-26 August 2015, Rome, Italy. MobiApps 2015 was held in conjunction with the 12th International Conference on Mobile Web and Intelligent Information Systems (MobiWIS 2015), and the 3rd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud 2015) [1, 2]. The first special issue on mobile applications has been published in July, 2015 [3, 4]. In the MobiApps 2015 workshop the technical committee accepted 7 papers from all submitted papers covering a wide range of topics related to the theme of mobile applications and mobile technologies [5-11]. From these papers, 4 have been selected to be submitted as extended versions in the special issue on mobile applications in the IJCDS journal [5-8], in addition to another four papers selected from normal submission to the IJCDS journal [12-15].
Effectiveness, biases and mortality in the use of apomorphine for determining the diet of granivorous passerines

We analyze the effectiveness, biases and limitations of a poorly-known emetic, apomorphine, for studying the diet of granivorous birds. Apomorphine was tested on three Fringillids yielding an effectiveness of 43-78%, comparable to that reported for the most common emetic, tartar. The effectiveness of the emetic varied significantly among species, probably due to different physiological tolerances. Older chicks and adults were equally sensitive to apomorphine, but it was ineffective in young chicks. The action of the chemical was not independent of food type, and certain food items were underrepresented with this method. However, the importance of most food categories closely resembled the one found through dissection. Mortality caused by exposure to apomorphine was low (< 3%) and successive applications of apomorphine proved to be innocuous, thus allowing for long term studies. Yet, the effectiveness of apomorphine decreased when administered repeatedly within a short time. Apomorphine is an advisable tool for laboratory and field work on granivorous passerines because it is effective, practically harmless, provides reliable results, and can be used repeatedly and easily both with nestlings and adults.
Polyarthritis in Western Nigeria* Still's Disease

Rheumatoid arthritis, Still's disease, and gout have all been seen in tropical Africa (Table I), but little is known of the importance of these conditionis in the health of the indigenous population of this region. It was, therefore, considered that a study of patients presenting with polyarthritis at a large hospital in Western Nigeria might be of value. This paper describes the methods employed during this study and the findings in a group of Nigerian patients with chronic polyarthritis who satisfied the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria (Ropes, Bennett, Cobb, Jacox, and Jessar, 1959) for
Roles of Informating Process Control Systems

In connection with a one-device-per-bit capacitive MOSFET memory array, various topologies are disclosed for developing optimum memory storage capacitances between isolated P-regions and the fixed-potential substrate or a fixed-potential line. In particular, a fixed-potential line can be dispensed with, while retaining the improved capacitance associated therewith, by arranging the cells in pairs and cross-coupling them to one another. Particular clocking sequences and switching arrangements apposite to the cell topologies involved are also disclosed.
Game of Thrones

This chapter explores how the acting in Game of Thrones (HBO, 2011–present) both confirms and problematizes some common assumptions about British acting, and thus by extension notions of difference between British and American acting. The chapter anchors its analysis in the work by Conleth Hill (who plays Varys) and Liam Cunningham (Davos Seaworth). It considers the ways in which their performances challenge binary distinctions commonly found in discourses on British and American acting (e.g., technical strength versus organic “shooting from the hip,” suitability for stage-versus suitability for screen-based work). By highlighting the complexity and nuance in Hill’s and Cunningham’s acting, the chapter makes an intervention into discourses about British acting that is especially timely given the considerable success of British and Irish actors in contemporary US film and television. In doing so, it makes a valuable contribution to scholarship on performance and transatlantic television.