Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of oral premalignant and malignant lesions: A cytomorphometric analysis

Background: Many oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) arise within regions that previously had premalignant lesion. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of premalignant lesions offers the best hope of improving the prognosis in patients with OSCC. Exfoliative cytology is a simple and non-invasive diagnostic technique that could be used for early detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. This study was undertaken to evaluate the quantitative changes in nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA) and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio (NA/CA) in cytological buccal smears of oral leukoplakia with dysplasia (OLD) and OSCC patients while comparing with normal healthy mucosa. Materials and Methods: A quantitative study was conducted over 90 subjects including 30 cases each of OLD, OSCC and clinically normal oral mucosa. The smears obtained were stained with Papanicolaou (PAP) stain and cytomorphological assessment of the keratinocytes was carried out. The statistical tools included arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, analysis of variance, Tukey multiple comparison. P < 0.001 was considered as significant. Results: The mean NA of keratinocytes in the normal mucosa was 65.47 ± 4.77 μm2 while for OLD it was 107.97 ± 5.44 μm2 and 139.02 ± 8.10 μm2 for that of OSCC. The differences show a statistically significant increment in NA (P < 0.001). There was significant reduction (P < 0.001) in the CA of keratinocytes from OSCC when compared with those from smears of OLD and normal mucosa with the values of 1535.80 ± 79.38 μm2, 1078.51 ± 56.65 μm2 and 769.70 ± 38.77 μm2 respectively. The NA/CA ratio in the smears from normal oral mucosa, OLD and OSCC showed a mean value of 0.043 ± 0.004, 0.100 ± 0.008, 0.181 ± 0.015 respectively with a significant difference among the groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Evaluation of nuclear and CA of keratinocytes by cytomorphometry can serve as a useful adjunct in the diagnosis and prognosis of a dysplastic lesion which may lead to OSCC.
Toxicology of freshwater cyanobacteria

ABSTRACT Many chemical contaminants in drinking water have been shown to cause adverse health effects in humans after prolonged exposure. Cyanobacteria are one of the most potent and diverse groups of photosynthetic prokaryotes. One key component of cyanobacterial success in the environment is the production of potent toxins as secondary metabolites, which have been responsible for numerous adverse health impacts in humans. Anthropogenic activities have led to the increase of eutrophication in freshwater bodies' worldwide, causing cyanobacterial blooms to become more frequent. The present article will discuss about harmful cyanobacteria and their toxicology with special references to microcystin, nodularin, and cylindrospermopsin.
Dörtyol ve Samandağ Yörelerinde Yetiştirilen Washington Navel Portakallarının Kalitesine Soğukta Muhafazanın Etkisi

Bu calismanin amaci, Dortyol ve Samandag yorelerinde yetistirilen Washington Navel portakallarinin sogukta muhafazasi sirasinda meyve kalitesinde gorulen degisimlerin belirlenmesidir. Arastirmada, 7 x 7 m araliklarla tesis edilmis Yerli Turunc anaci uzerine asili Washington Navel portakali meyveleri kullanilmistir. Washington Navel portakallari 4 ve 6°C’lerde ve %85-90 oransal nemde ayda bir analizlenmek uzere 6 ay sureyle muhafaza edilmislerdir. Muhafaza sirasinda meyvelerde meydana gelen fiziksel ve kimyasal degisimler (agirlik kayiplari, usare, yesil kapsullu meyve, suda cozunebilir toplam kuru madde, pH, titre edilebilir asit, meyve kabuk rengi L* ve ho degeri) ile mantarsal ve fizyolojik bozulmalar incelenmistir. Dortyol kosullarinda yetistirilen Washington Navel portakallarinin 4°C sicaklik ve %85-90 oransal nemde 4-5 ay, 6°C sicaklik ve %85-90 oransal nemde ise en fazla 4 ay depolanabilecegi saptanmistir. Samandag kosullarinda yetistirilen Washington Navel portakallarinin 4°C sicaklik ve %85-90 oransal nemde en fazla 4 ay ve 6°C sicaklik ve %85-90 oransal nemde 3 ay kalitelerinden cok fazla bir sey kaybetmeden depolanabilecegi saptanmistir.
When you are young, (robot's) looks matter. Developmental changes in the desired properties of a robot friend

Seeing the world through the eyes of a child is always difficult. Designing a robot that might be liked and accepted by young users is therefore particularly complicated. We have investigated children's opinions on which features are most important in an interactive robot during a popular scientific event where we exhibited the iCub humanoid robot to a mixed public of various ages. From the observation of the participants' reactions to various robot demonstrations and from a dedicated ranking game, we found that children's requirements for a robot companion change sensibly with age. Before 9 years of age children give more relevance to a human-like appearance, while older kids and adults pay more attention to robot action skills. Additionally, the possibility to see and interact with a robot has an impact on children's judgments, especially convincing the youngest to consider also perceptual and motor abilities in a robot, rather than just its shape. These results suggest that robot design needs to take into account the different prior beliefs that children and adults might have when they see a robot with a human-like shape.
Inverse correlation between insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐I and insulin in patients with acromegaly during treatment with the somatostatin analogue octreotide

OBJECTIVE Previous reports have shown an inverse relation between IGFBP‐1 and Insulin levels In healthy men, patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and insulinoma. We have investigated whether this inverse relation also exists in acromegaly, before and during treatment with octreotide, and whether changes in IGFBP‐1 levels relate to OH and IGF‐I levels.
Pharmacokinetics of Fluconazole in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Patient with AIDS and Cryptococcal Meningitis

The detailed pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cryptococcal meningitis, after an intravenous dose of 400 mg. Fluconazole exhibited a serum elimination half‐life of 34.2 hours, distribution volume of 0.56 17kg, and clearance of 0.19 ml/min/kg. Peak CSF concentration occurred at 4 hours after the dose. Overall penetration of fluconazole based on the ratio of areas under the curve of CSF to serum was 70%. The drug exhibited an excellent pharmacokinetic profile for treatment of central nervous system fungal infections.
Non-rectifiable Delone sets in SOL and other solvable groups

Given a lattice $\Gamma \subset SOL$, we show that there is a coarsely dense subset $\mathcal{D} \subset \Gamma$ that is not biLipschitz equivalent to $\Gamma$. We also prove similar results for lattices in certain higher rank abelian-by-abelian groups and for the solvable Baumslag-Solitar groups.
Human osteoarchaeology in the UK 2001–2007: a bibliometric perspective

Bibliometric analysis of osteoarchaeology publications covering the period 2001–2007 in leading journals was carried out. The aims were two-fold: firstly, to characterise research in this field in the UK and make comparisons with selected other countries, and secondly, to shed light on the use of skeletal collections. It was found that, since a previous survey of this type,covering the period 1991–1995, isotopic and DNA studies have increased. In the UK, work on biodistance studies is minor compared with other countries, and the proportion of palaeopathology work is high. In palaeopathology, substantial effort continues to be devoted to case studies, particularly in the UK where the frequency of problem-orientated work directed at understanding earlier populations has not increased since the early 1990s. Although it is argued that the case study still has a place in osteoarchaeology, the balance of work needs to shift further in favour of population studies, particularly in the UK. Skeletal collections are vital for primary osteoarchaeological work, and there was little evidence for any great use of skeletal databases such as the Standard Osteological Database. Skeletal collections from the UK were the most used for the research papers analysed, demonstrating the importance of UK-held collections for research that leads to high profile publication in the international scientific literature. These observations are pertinent since legal, ethical and practical issues in the treatment of human remains, particularly those connected with retention of skeletal collections, are now coming under closer scrutiny in the UK. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing time to reperfusion for ST elevation myocardial infarction patients by a simple process change in the Emergency Department

Abstract Current reperfusion guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommend that First Medical Contact to Balloon times (FMC-B) for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) should not exceed 120 minutes. Many factors can cause delay in door to balloon times for patients suffering from STEMI. Previous studies have found that longest times for FMC-B occur if the patient presents initially to a non-percutaneous intervention (PCI) capable hospital. As a non-PCI capable site we looked at ways of reducing FMC-B times. Audit revealed that registration to electrocardiogram (ECG) times were sometimes prolonged due to undertriage, long waiting times and lack of space and staff to record an ECG, resulting in some prolonged FMC-B times. To address this, we have changed the system so that patients bypass triage and go directly to a dedicated investigation cubicle for an ECG. The patient books on at reception with chest pain and is immediately directed to the investigation cubicle. The ECG is reviewed immediately and the patient is either kept in the department for further management or allowed back to the waiting room to await triage if the ECG is non-diagnostic and history not worrying. Data on patients presenting with STEMI on the initial ECG were collected for one year pre-intervention (n =21 )and one year post-intervention (n=17). The median FMC-B time for the pre-intervention group was 108.5 minutes (IQR 96 – 143.5). Median FMC-B time for the post-intervention group was 82 minutes (IQR 66.5 - 93.5). This is a simple, low-cost intervention which could be transferable to other sites who have an interest in reducing FMC-B times. It is necessary to have a key person to carry out audit of all potential areas of delay, and a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach to making change to improve quality of care.
The spectrum of histopathological lesions in scarring alopecia: a prospective study.

INTRODUCTION The aim of the article was to study the histopathological features of various lesions of Scarring Alopecia (SA) and to classify Primary SA on the basis of the predominant type of inflammatory cell component. Scarring or cicatricial alopecias are those that are produced as a result of the malformation, damage or destruction of the pilosebaceous follicles, which are replaced by cicatricial tissue, in such a way that they cannot again produce hair. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective study included 32 biopsy - proven cases of SA, who had attended our hospital. Primary SA was classified according to the North American Hair Research Society. The informed consents of the subjects and the institutional ethical clearance was obtained for the study. The SPSS, version 14 software was used to analyse the data. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe the data. RESULTS During the study period, 32 cases of scarring alopecia were diagnosed, of which 24 were primary SA and 8 were secondary SA. Among the primary SA, there were 23 cases of lymphocyte associated primary scarring alopecias, of which, 19 of lupus erythematosus, 3 of lichen planopilaris (LPP) and one case of non specific SA. 1 case of neutrophil associated primary scarring (folliculitis decalvans) was also noted and among the secondary SA, there were 4 cases of morphea and 1 case each of lupus vulgaris, congenital absence of skin, burn and sarcoidosis. CONCLUSION To conclude, histopathology is a dependable tool for identifying the underlying cause in scarring alopecia, which is helpful for an early diagnosis and treatment.
The Influence of Growth Hormone on Cell Proliferation in Odontogenic Epithelia by Bromodeoxyuridine Immunocytochemistry and Morphometry in the Lewis Dwarf Rat

For investigation of how growth hormone affects tooth development, bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemistry and morphometry were used for the study of cell proliferation in odontogenic epithelial cell layers. The number of cells in the S phase, as revealed by this technique, and in mitosis, were counted in Bouin's-perfused and paraffin-embedded undecalcified maxillary incisor enamel organs of normal rats, in growth-hormone-deficient dwarf rats, and in dwarf rats treated with growth hormone (66 μg/100 g body wt) twice daily for six days. Significantly fewer labeled nuclei, unlabeled nuclei, and total nuclei of various odontogenic epithelia were found in dwarf rats, but in dwarf rats treated with growth hormone, numbers of labeled nuclei equivalent to normal were found in the internal enamel epithelium, stratum intermedium, and Hertwig root sheath. Moreover, the mitotic index for pre-ameloblasts was 1.64 in normal rats, 0.92 for dwarf rats, and 1.66 for growth-hormone-treated dwarf rats (SD, 0.10). Other parameters-such as the labeling index and the ratio of positive to negative nuclei-were similarly related to GH status. Thus, growth hormone may play a role in the proliferation of the odontogenic epithelia in the rat.
Mutant-prevention concentrations of enrofloxacin for Escherichia coli isolates from chickens.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the development of enrofloxacin resistance among Escherichia coli isolates obtained from chickens by determining mutant-prevention concentrations (MPCs) and sequence the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC genes in selected isolates. SAMPLE POPULATION 15 chicken-derived E coli isolates. PROCEDURES For all isolates, MPC and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of enrofloxacin were determined. The MPCs and maximum serum drug concentrations attained with enrofloxacin doses recommended for treatment of E coli infections in chickens were compared. Mutation frequencies and QRDR sequence changes in gyrA and parC were also determined. RESULTS In 2 of 15 E coli strains, MPCs were low (0.016 and 0.062 microg/mL), MPC:MIC ratios were 2 and 4, and the GyrA and ParC proteins had no mutations. In 9 susceptible isolates with a GyrA point mutation, MPCs ranged from 2 to 16 microg/mL. For isolates with double mutations in GyrA and a single mutation in ParC, MPCs were > 32 microg/mL (several fold greater than the maximal plasma concentration of enrofloxacin in chickens); mutation frequencies were also much lower, compared with frequencies for single-mutation isolates. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE For E coli infections of chickens, MPC appears to be useful for determining enrofloxacin-dosing strategies. The high MPC:MIC ratio may result in enrofloxacin-treatment failure in chickens infected with some wild-type gyrA E coli isolates despite the isolates' enrofloxacin susceptibility (MICs 0.125 to 1 microg/mL). For infections involving isolates with high MPCs, especially those containing mutations in gyrA and parC genes, treatment with combinations of antimicrobials should be adopted.
Immunomodulatory effects of etanercept on peripheral joint synovitis in the spondylarthropathies.

OBJECTIVE Because different tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) blockers may have distinct immunomodulatory effects on specific disease manifestations, the present study was carried out to investigate the immunomodulating effects of etanercept on peripheral synovitis in the spondylarthropathies (SpA). METHODS Peripheral joint disease was assessed clinically, histologically, and radiologically in a prospective 2-year study of 20 patients with SpA treated with etanercept. Synovial tissue biopsy samples obtained at weeks 0, 12, and 52 were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry for the extent of inflammation, changes to tissue architecture, and matrix degradation. Serum levels of myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP-8)/MRP-14, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Etanercept induced a rapid and sustained clinical improvement of peripheral joint disease. Histologic synovitis was down-regulated, with a profound reduction in global cellular infiltration and T lymphocytes, but not B lymphocytes. The most prominent change in markers of inflammation was a reduction in the different macrophage subsets (CD68, CD163, MRP-8, and MRP-14), but this was not paralleled by a decrease in serum MRP-8/MRP-14. Structural changes included normalization of lining layer hyperplasia and a moderate reduction in vascularity. However, no effect on the microarchitecture of lymphoid aggregates was observed. In terms of an effect on matrix degradation, the synovial expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 was down-modulated in correlation with a rapid and profound decrease in serum MMP-3. At week 52, serum COMP levels were also reduced. No significant radiologic disease progression was observed in these patients over a 2-year period. CONCLUSION Use of etanercept effectively down-modulated the immunopathologic processes of SpA synovitis, both in the short term and in the long term.
Safety assessment of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring component present in living cells. Its physiological function is to act as an essential cofactor for ATP production, and to perform important antioxidant activities in the body. In most countries, CoQ10 has been widely used as a dietary supplement for more than 20 years. Recently, the use of CoQ10 as a dietary supplement has grown with a corresponding increase in daily dosage.
Autism in Saudi Arabia: Presentation, Clinical Correlates and Comorbidity

Although autism is a global disorder, relatively little is known about its presentation and occurrence in many developing countries, such as Saudi Arabia. This article describes the reasons for referral and clinical characteristics of a sample of 49 children (37 males and 12 females) diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder at a tertiary referral center in Saudi Arabia. The diagnosis of autism was based on DSM-IV criteria supplemented by information obtained from parent and child interviews, rating scales, and examination of school and hospital records. Females were older than males at the time of referral. Eleven patients had a history of seizure disorder and one patient had a chromosome abnormality. Twenty-five patients were taking psychotropic medications and 14 patients were the product of consanguineous marriages. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
Melanocytic nevi, solar keratoses, and divergent pathways to cutaneous melanoma.

BACKGROUND Some melanomas form on sun-exposed body sites, whereas others do not. We previously proposed that melanomas at different body sites arise through different pathways that have different associations with melanocytic nevi and solar keratoses. We tested this hypothesis in a case-case comparative study of melanoma patients in Queensland, Australia. METHODS We randomly selected patients from among three prespecified groups reported to the population-based Queensland Cancer Registry: those with superficial spreading or nodular melanomas of the trunk (n = 154, the reference group), those with such melanomas of the head and neck (n = 77, the main comparison group), and those with lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) (n = 75, the chronic sun-exposed group). Each participant completed a questionnaire, and a research nurse counted melanocytic nevi and solar keratoses. We calculated exposure odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to quantify the association between factors of interest and each melanoma group. RESULTS Patients with head and neck melanomas, compared with patients with melanomas of the trunk, were statistically significantly less likely to have more than 60 nevi (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.79) but were statistically significantly more likely to have more than 20 solar keratoses (OR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.42 to 9.17) and also tended to have a past history of excised solar skin lesions (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 0.89 to 3.92). Patients with LMM were also less likely than patients with truncal melanomas to have more than 60 nevi (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.75) and tended toward more solar keratoses (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 0.88 to 5.16). CONCLUSIONS Prevalences of nevi and solar keratoses differ markedly between patients with head and neck melanomas or LMM and patients with melanomas of the trunk. Cutaneous melanomas may arise through two pathways, one associated with melanocyte proliferation and the other with chronic exposure to sunlight.
Changes in biogenic amine contents throughout storage of canned fish products

The levels of biogenic amines were assessed throughout storage at 4oC, for up to 120 days, of canned sardines, anchovy and smoked fish. Histamine, tyramine, putrescine, cadaverin, spermidine and spermine levels increased in general with elapsing storage time; the concentrations of the former in sardine, anchovy and smoked fish reached maxima of 281.17 mg/kgdry weight (DW), 166.21 mg/kgDW and 104.51 mg/kgDW, respectively, by 120 days. Spermidine and spermine levels increased slightly, whereas significant differences were found (P<0.05) in the levels of cadaverine and putrescine throughout storage. The total amine contents (579.15 mg/kgDW) of anchovy were highest, followed by sardine (456.86 mg/kgDW) and smoked fish (210.79 mg/kgDW). Overall, canned anchovy and sardine appear to pose public health risks owing to their biogenic amine levels above accepted thresholds.