Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reovirus-Induced Alteration in Expression of Apoptosis and DNA Repair Genes with Potential Roles in Viral Pathogenesis

ABSTRACT Reoviruses are a leading model for understanding cellular mechanisms of virus-induced apoptosis. Reoviruses induce apoptosis in multiple cell lines in vitro, and apoptosis plays a key role in virus-induced tissue injury of the heart and brain in vivo. The activation of transcription factors NF-κB and c-Jun are key events in reovirus-induced apoptosis, indicating that new gene expression is critical to this process. We used high-density oligonucleotide microarrays to analyze cellular transcriptional alterations in HEK293 cells after infection with reovirus strain T3A (i.e., apoptosis inducing) compared to infection with reovirus strain T1L (i.e., minimally apoptosis inducing) and uninfected cells. These strains also differ dramatically in their potential to induce apoptotic injury in hearts of infected mice in vivo—T3A is myocarditic, whereas T1L is not. Using high-throughput microarray analysis of over 12,000 genes, we identified differential expression of a defined subset of genes involved in apoptosis and DNA repair after reovirus infection. This provides the first comparative analysis of altered gene expression after infection with viruses of differing apoptotic phenotypes and provides insight into pathogenic mechanisms of virus-induced disease.
Circadian Variation In Migration Velocity In Small Intestinal Epithelium

Abstract. The variation in migration rates of cells within the small intestinal epithelium was studied over a 24‐hr period at 3‐hr intervals (migration of cells was studied independently for the crypts and the villi using the changing distributions of [3H]TdR labelled cells as an indicator of cell migration).
AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF SELECTION ON COLOR MORPHS OF THE POLYMORPHIC SPIDER ENOPLOGNATHA OVATA (ARANEAE: THERIDIIDAE)

The annual theridiid spider Enoplognatha ovata exhibits a genetically based color polymorphism of red and nonred phenotypes. We evaluated fitness differences between red and nonred spiders by manipulating morph frequencies in a population in which red morphs were rare (≤5%). Broods from red females were introduced to open experimental plots from which natural aggregations of spiders had been repeatedly removed. Control plots in which spiders were removed but not replaced were used to estimate spider immigration from surrounding vegetation into experimental plots. Morph frequencies observed in experimental plots one year following the manipulation were adjusted by immigration estimates and tested against frequencies predicted with the hypothesis of no selection. We found no evidence of selection against red morphs: female morph frequencies in experimental plots did not differ significantly from expected frequencies assuming no selection; female frequencies did not change significantly between subadult and adult stages; and red and nonred spiders exhibited similar fecundities. We conclude that 1) selection on E. ovata color morphs is not likely to be detected easily within a single population because of the swamping effect of dispersal and 2) local patterns of morph‐frequency variation may arise more from dispersal and drift than from selection on the color phenotypes.
Climate Change: A Review of Its Health Impact and Percieved Awareness by the Young Citizens

In recent time climate change and its impact on human health and awareness constitute a set of complex and serious consequences to be tackled by an individual country. Climate change is not merely an environmental issue, but also it is a threat that goes beyond national borders. The purpose of this study is to identify the awareness and the impact of climate change, perceived by the young citizens in Malaysia by focusing on gender differences. Based on a survey of 200 respondents from different public and private University’s students in Malaysia, this research used descriptive statistics and T-test to look into the research objective. The results revealed media can play an important role in the awareness of climate change. Meanwhile the male respondents have shown considerable attention on the physical impact of climate change like heat related stress. On the other hand female respondents have shown considerable attention to the psychological impact by the climate change. From a pragmatic perspective, the findings from this research will assists the policy makers to understand more about the perceived awareness on the climate change issues of the young citizens which ultimately assist them to inaugurate new initiatives to confront the challenges of climate changes. This research is among the pioneer study on the issue of the perceived awareness in regards to climate change in Malaysia by focusing on gender differences.
Application of time-series methods to disturbance estimation in predictive control problems

Disturbance effect is a very important issue to be analyzed and considered in any control problem. Models representing the disturbance effect on the process variable are usually obtained for this purpose. These models are useful to design, for instance, classical feedforward compensators. However, when predictive control strategies are being used, no only the model capturing the disturbance effect is necessary, but that future estimations of the disturbances would be also extremely useful to get advance in the prediction capabilities. Measurable disturbances can be represented as time-series data and processed in order to estimate future variations. Therefore, this paper is focused on studying how well-known time-series methods can be used to obtain disturbance forecasts in order to be taken into account in predictive control algorithms. The methods used here have two main objectives: to detect the nature and properties of any variable represented as time-series data, and second, to forecast future behavior based on acquired data series. An example using the solar radiation measured from an industrial greenhouse is presented to show how these future estimations can be obtained.
Vegetable quality and productivity as influenced by growing medium: a review

aim of the review is to present an overview of the effects of mineral soil, inorganic and organic growing media on the growth, development, yield and quality of vegetables grown under greenhouse conditions. The findings from the literature suggest that the yield of various vegetables tends to be higher for the plants grown in various growing media compared to those grown in the soil. A number of authors have reported that dry matter, sugar, soluble solids, vitamins and carotenoids content in tomatoes; acidity and taste have better marks when grown in soilless culture systems compared to soil. Only very few authors have indicated that soil culture could increase acidity, dry matter, carotenoids and sugar content in tomatoes compared to soilless culture systems. Growth and development of vegetables are enhanced, when plants are grown in inorganic media compared to organic ones. For yield enhancement several authors have recommended growing vegetables in inorganic media (rockwool, sand) rather than organic media. Furthermore, there is a growing body of studies indicating the benefit of mixing organic and inorganic components for vegetable growing media with improved performance in greenhouse production. In most cases, the addition of compost did not change the yields of vegetables grown on organic media. Also it is difficult to draw broad conclusions on the impact of various organic substrates on the chemical composition of vegetables based on the information in the literature. Some inorganic substrates can influence growing medium so that vegetables grow faster, but that may depend on substrate used. As a substrate, zeolite had advantages over perlite, as it increased growth of crisp-head lettuces. As observed with organic media, it is difficult to draw general conclusions on the impact of inorganic media on the chemical composition of vegetables. Results vary with the crop and the chemical composition and availability of elements of the inorganic substrate.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Working Group Report of the Second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition

ResearchDetermine the genotype-phenotype correlation for different patient groups.Determine whether mucosal responses in IBD differ between children and adults.Determine the role of infectious exposures in paediatric IBD. InterventionDetermine whether early aggressive therapy can alter the natural history of IBD.Facilitate the rapid assessment of novel agents in paediatric practice by establishing an international paediatric IBD clinical trials bureau.Determine the factors that improve quality of life. EducationDetermine the global epidemiology of IBD and its environmental triggers.Establishment of IBD databases for initial presentation and follow-up data.Identify the factors that lead to optimal delivery of high-quality care.
Breastmilk Transfer: Positioning, Latch-on, and Screening for Problems in Milk Transfer

In recent decades, ongoing efforts to promote and support breastfeeding have been successful in reversing a long-standing U.S. bottle-feeding norm, as breastfeeding rates have steadily climbed since the early 1970s. The 2002 Ross Mothers Survey reported 70.1% of new mothers nationwide breastfeeding in the hospital and 33.2% still breastfeeding at 6 months, the highest U.S. breastfeeding rates in over 60 years. Despite this increase in breastfeeding prevalence, wide disparities exist in breastfeeding rates by maternal age, socioeconomic status, education, and ethnicity, and prolonging the duration of breastfeeding remains a universal challenge. In addition to their important role in promoting breastfeeding initiation, obstetricians can help women who begin nursing their babies overcome practical problems that jeopardize long-term success. Because breastfeeding involves a maternalinfant dyad, the successful management of lactation necessitates collaboration between obstetrical and pediatric care providers. Obstetricians need to be prepared not only to handle maternal breastfeeding complaints— such as sore nipples, breast engorgement, and mastitis—but also to understand their impact on milk transfer to the nursing infant.
Partial discharge inception electric field strength of water droplets on polymeric insulating surfaces

Water droplets are formed on the surface of polymeric insulators under wet conditions, which enhance the electric field especially in close vicinity of the contact line between air, water droplet and insulator surface. It is experimentally found that the maximum allowable E-field strength tangential to a polymeric insulating surface in presence of a single water droplet on the flat surface with wettability class 1 is between 6 and 7.5 kV/cm (peak). Some important parameters that have an influence on PD inception are experimentally investigated to find more reliable results. A simple prediction method of partial discharge inception E-field strength of a single water droplet on polymeric insulating surfaces based on the streamer criterion for inception is also proposed and discussed. The investigated PD inception E-fields in this contribution can be used for prediction of partial discharge inception voltage of polymeric insulators under wet conditions.
Nobel laureates in science: patterns of productivity, collaboration, and authorship.

Nobel laureates in science publish more and are more apt to collaborate than a matched sample of scientists. Interviews with 41 of 55 laureates and comparison of their research output with the output of the matched sample indicate that these patterns hold at every stage of the life-work-cycle. As laureates report and as their publications corroborate, they exercise noblesse oblige in arranging co-authorship in collaborative publications. Receipt of the Nobel prize is followed by declining productivity and changed work practices, as a result of changed role obligations and activities. Reductions in productivity are more severe for laureates who experience comparatively large increments in prestige through the prize than for those who were already eminent. The prize generates strain in collaborative associations so that most of these terminate soon after the award
Evaluation of communication assessment practices during the acute stages post stroke.

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Early detection of communication impairment post stroke is an important prognostic indicator and promotes the use of individualized treatment protocols. Therefore, the methods for speech and language assessment used by communication experts in acute settings following stroke were investigated. METHODS A survey was conducted among 254 speech and language pathologists providing acute care for patients following stroke in all states and territories across Australia and New Zealand. Respondent attitudes and practices in speech and language assessment post stroke were recorded with a standardized questionnaire collected online. RESULTS A total of 174 (68.5%) speech and language pathologists responded. Over 70% of participants assessed language and 80% assessed speech using their own clinical assessments. Respondents identified limited test repeatability and poor sensitivity to change over acute periods as key areas of concern for currently available standardized assessments. CONCLUSIONS Subjective and/or un-standardized assessments were the most commonly used measures of communication during the acute phases post stroke. These results highlight a critical need for the development of population-specific communication assessments that build on existing clinician derived techniques and expertise while considering the acute time demands and transient nature of patient's communicative functioning.
Need to consider human factors when determining first-line technique for emergency front-of-neck access.

Compelling evidence from three recent large randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) [Protocolised Care for Early Septic Shock (ProCESS), 1 Australasian Resuscitation in Sepsis Evaluation (ARISE), 2 and Protocolised Management in Sepsis (ProMISe) 3 ] led the Surviving Sepsis Campaign to update its guidelines forthe initial management ofpatients with con ﬁ rmed or suspected severe sepsis. 4 Guidelines now recognize ‘ usual ’ non-protocolized care delivered by licensed independent practi-tioners as equivalent to the algorithmic early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) protocol during severe sepsis. 4 Clinicians caring for patients around the time of major surgery may ﬁ nd a review of EGDT, including its initial success, current equipoise vs usual care, and potential physiological explanations for this equipoise, informativewhenconsideringwhethergoal-directed ﬂ uidtherapy (GDFT) algorithms represent a similar paradigm with regard to perioperative haemodynamic optimization. We provide a frame-work in which to consider whether GDFT should be implemented routinely in perioperative settings vs usual non-protocolized care administered at the discretion of treating clinicians. enrolled patients with suspected or con ﬁ rmed severe sepsis. In this study, all subjects received arter-ial and central venous catheterization, critical care consultation, and emergencyadmission forinpatient care, withrelevantspeci-mens obtained for culture before the administration of antibiotics in the emergency department. Subjects were randomized to either a protocolized approach to resuscitation (EGDT) or to
A Multicentre and stratified study of the attitude of medical students towards organ donation in Spain

ABSTRACT Introduction: Medical students represent a new generation of medical thought, and if they have a favourable attitude towards organ donation this will greatly encourage its promotion. Objective: To analyse the attitude of medical students in Spanish universities towards the donation of their own organs and to determine the factors affecting this attitude. Material and Methods: Type of study: A sociological, interdisciplinary, multicentre, and observational study in Spain. Study population: Students studying a degree in medicine enrolled in Spain (n = 34,000). Sample size: A sample of 9598 students (confidence of 99% and precision of ±1%), stratified by geographical area and academic year. Instrument of measurement: A validated questionnaire of attitude towards organ donation and transplantation (PCID-DTO RIOS) was self-administered and completed anonymously. Results: The questionnaire completion rate was 95.7% (n = 9.275). 80% were in favour of donation, 2% against and 18% were undecided. The following main variables were related to a favourable attitude: being of the female sex (Odds Ratio = 1.739); being in the sixth year of the degree (OR = 2.506); knowing a donor (OR = 1.346); having spoken about the subject with one’s family (OR = 2.132) and friends (OR = 1.333); having a family circle that is in favour, more specifically, having a father (OR = 1.841), mother (OR = 2.538) or partner in favour (OR = 2.192); being a blood donor (OR = 2.824); acceptance of the mutilation of the body if it were necessary (OR = 2.958); and being an atheist or an agnostic (OR = 1.766). Conclusions: Spanish medical students generally have a favourable attitude towards organ donation, although 20% are not in favour.
’ s Data Center-Wide Power Management System

Data center power is a scarce resource that often goes underutilized due to conservative planning. This is because the penalty for overloading the data center power delivery hierarchy and tripping a circuit breaker is very high, potentially causing long service outages. Recently, dynamic server power capping, which limits the amount of power consumed by a server, has been proposed and studied as a way to reduce this penalty, enabling more aggressive utilization of provisioned data center power. However, no real at-scale solution for data center-wide power monitoring and control has been presented in the literature. In this paper, we describe Dynamo – a data center-wide power management system that monitors the entire power hierarchy and makes coordinated control decisions to safely and efficiently use provisioned data center power. Dynamo has been developed and deployed across all of Facebook’s data centers for the past three years. Our key insight is that in real-world data centers, different power and performance constraints at different levels in the power hierarchy necessitate coordinated data center-wide power management. We make three main contributions. First, to understand the design space of Dynamo, we provide a characterization of power variation in data centers running a diverse set of modern workloads. This characterization uses fine-grained power samples from tens of thousands of servers and spanning a period of over six months. Second, we present the detailed design of Dynamo. Our design addresses several key issues not addressed by previous simulation-based studies. Third, the proposed techniques and design have been deployed and evaluated in large scale data centers serving billions of users. We present production results showing that Dynamo has prevented 18 potential power outages in the past 6 months due to unexpected power surges; that Dynamo enables optimizations leading to a 13% performance boost for a production Hadoop cluster and a nearly 40% performance increase for a search cluster; and that Dynamo has already enabled an 8% increase in the power capacity utilization of one of our data centers with more aggressive power subscription measures underway. Keywords—data center; power; management.
Interactions of large-scale free-stream turbulence with turbulent boundary layers

The scale interactions occurring within a turbulent boundary layer are investigated in the presence of free-stream turbulence. The free-stream turbulence is generated by an active grid. The free stream is monitored by a single-component hot-wire probe, while a second probe is roved across the height of the boundary layer at the same streamwise location. Large-scale structures occurring in the free stream are shown to penetrate the boundary layer and increase the streamwise velocity fluctuations throughout. It is speculated that, depending on the extent of the penetration, i.e. based on the level of free-stream turbulence, the near-wall turbulence production peaks at different wall-normal locations than the expected location of $y^{+}\approx 15$ for a canonical turbulent boundary layer. It is shown that the large scales dominating the log region have a modulating effect on the small scales in the near-wall region; this effect becomes more significant with increasing turbulence in the free stream, i.e. similarly increasing $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{0}}$ . This modulating interaction and its Reynolds-number trend have similarities with canonical turbulent boundary layers at high Reynolds numbers where the interaction between the large scales and the envelope of the small scales exhibits a pure amplitude modulation (Hutchins & Marusic, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 365 (1852), 2007, pp. 647–664; Mathis et al., J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 628, 2009, pp. 311–337). This similarity has encouraging implications towards generalising scale interactions in turbulent boundary layers.
A continuing educational initiative to develop nurses' mental health knowledge and skills in rural and remote areas.

At a time of ever increasing mental health problems in Australian society, the nursing profession is beset by problems of an insufficient workforce specialising in this area. Not only is there a shortage of suitable trained specialist mental health nurses, but undergraduate nursing programs inadequately prepare students for practical mental health nursing. Fewer students are enrolling in mental health nursing, and many nurses are leaving the workforce. A particular problem in rural Australia is that there is a lack of specialist mental health services, and nurses are being increasingly relied upon to perform the role of mental health nurse despite lacking the necessary qualifications and experience.This paper aims to describe the development, implementation and evaluation of a mental health continuing education program for nurses employed in rural and remote areas of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. This was a collaborative educational initiative mounted by the NSW Health Department (who funded the project), a rural university and a number of regional health service partners. The paper includes information on how this program was conceived, developed and conducted through distance education mode. It also evaluates the efficacy of this program as perceived by 202 out of 303 participants. Overall the project was rated very favourably, and represents a cost-effective, convenient method of enabling rural and regional nurses to update and improve their skills in mental health nursing.
The Impact of Teacher Self-efficacy on the Students' Motivation and Achievement

The study of self-efficacy and its impact on human performance has intrigued a lot of scholars during the last two decades (e.g. Clayson, D. & Sheffet, M. 2006; Nauta, M. 2001; Muijs R Bandura, 1997; Podell & Soodak, 1993). The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of teacher self-efficacy (TSE) on the students’ motivation and achievement. To this end, eighty senior high school teachers in four different cities in Iran, and one hundred and fifty senior high school students, based on their teachers’ level of self-efficacy, have been selected randomly. For data collection, two instruments were employed: Teacher Self-Efficacy and Students’ Motivation questionnaires. Data were analyzed through Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and ANOVA. The results of the study revealed that teacher self-efficacy has a positive influence on the students’ motivation and achievement. The results of the study and their pedagogical implications are discussed, and recommendations for further research are provided.