Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erythritol catabolism by Brucella abortus

Cell extracts of Brucella abortus (British 19) catabolized erythritol through a series of phosphorylated intermediates to dihydroxyacetonephosphate and CO-2. Cell extracts required adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), Mg2+, inorganic orthophosphate, and reduced glutathione for activity. The first reaction in the pathway was the phosphorylation of mesoerythritol with an ATP-dependent kinase which formed d-erythritol 1-phosphate (d-erythro-tetritol 1-phosphate). d-Erythritol 1-phosphate was oxidized by an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase to d-erythrulose 1-phosphate (d-glycero-2-tetrulose 1-phosphate). B. abortus (US-19) was found to lack the succeeding enzyme in the pathway and was used to prepare substrate amounts of d-erythrulose 1-phosphate. d-Erythritol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase (d-erythro-tetritol 1-phosphage: NAD 2-oxidoreductase) is probably membrane bound. d-Erythrulose 1-phosphate was oxidized by an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase to 3-keto-l-erythrose 4-phosphate (l-glycero-3-tetrosulose 4-phosphate) which was further oxidized at C-1 by a membrane-bound dehydrogenase coupled to the electron transport system. Either oxygen or nitrate had to be present as a terminal electron acceptor for the oxidation of 3-keto-l-erythrose 4-phosphate to 3-keto-l-erythronate 4-phosphate (l-glycero-3-tetrulosonic acid 4-phosphate). The beta-keto acid was decarboxylated by a soluble decarboxylase to dihydroxyacetonephosphate and CO-2. Dihydroxyacetonephosphate was converted to pyruvic acid by the final enzymes of glycolysis. The apparent dependence on the electron transport system of erythritol catabolism appears to be unique in Brucella and may play an important role in coupling metabolism to active transport and generation of ATP.
Endothelin-B Receptors in Cerebral Resistance Arterioles and their Functional Significance after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Cats

In the cerebral circulation, endothelin-A receptor activation mediates marked prolonged vasoconstriction whereas endothelin-B (ETB) receptor activation effects dilation. In contrast to some peripheral vascular beds, ETB receptor–induced vasoconstriction has not yet been demonstrated in brain vessels. In this study in chloralose-anesthetized cats, with perivascular microapplications of ETB selective agonist (BQ-3020) and antagonist (BQ-788), we investigated whether ETB receptor–mediated constriction could be uncovered in cortical arterioles in vivo. In addition, we examined whether normal dilator response to ETB receptor activation is preserved in postishemic cerebral arterioles. The first microapplication of the selective ETB receptor agonist BQ-3020 (1 μmol/L) onto a pial cortical arteriole elicited marked dilation (caliber increased by 26.3 ± 15.1% from preinjection baseline). A second application of BQ-3020 (10-minute interval) onto the same vessel failed to evoke any significant vasomotor response. Subsequent (third and fourth) adventitial microapplication of the ETB receptor agonist on the same arteriolar site effected a significant constriction of cerebral arterioles (−15.3 ± 12.7% and −9.7 ± 6.3% from preinjection baseline, respectively, at 20 and 30 minutes after the first application). The pial arterioles did not display tachyphylaxis to repeated applications of potassium (10 mmol/L). The perivascular application of the ETB receptor antagonist BQ-788 (0.001 to 1 μmol/L) had no effect on arteriolar caliber per se but blocked both BQ-3020–induced dilation (inhibitory concentration ∼ 5 nmol/L) and vasoconstriction elicited by repeated activation of ETB receptors. After middle cerebral artery occlusion, most of the arterioles examined displayed a sustained dilation. The microapplication of BQ-3020 into the perivascular space surrounding postischemic dilated arterioles elicited a constriction of a similar magnitude to that induced by application of CSF (−17 ± 7% and −17 ± 7% from preinjection baseline, respectively). The adventitial microapplication of the ETB receptor antagonist (BQ-788, 0.1 μmol/L) on postocclusion dilated pial arterioles effected no change in the arteriolar caliber when compared with preinjection baseline. This BQ-788–induced response was significantly different from that induced by perivascular microinjection of CSF (P < 0.001, analysis of variance). These investigations indicate that (1) repeated activation of ETB receptors displays tachyphylaxis of the vasodilator response but also uncovers significant constriction of cerebral arterioles in vivo; (2) the ability of BQ-3020 to elicit dilation is lost within 30 minutes of induced focal ischemia; and (3) ETB-mediated contractile tone contributes in a small but significant manner in limiting postischemia dilation of cortical pial arterioles.
BCI based multi-player 3-D game control using EEG for enhancing attention and memory

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technique is considered as an efficient alternative modality for improving brain functions such as attention and cognition, based on real time feedback of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and their self-regulation. Commercialization of EEG headsets provides tremendous opportunities and possibilities for this technology to employ EEG in video games for cognitive-skill enhancement. This paper proposes a multi-player video game in 3-D environment controlled by EEG features related to 3 different levels of attention. A number of conventional control mechanisms present in commercial games such as keyboard strokes have also been integrated in the game. Three different levels of attention have been detected from players based on their sample entropy features and band power values in alpha, beta and theta bands of EEG. Three subjects have successfully navigated in the designed 3-D environment using EEG based controls as well as keyboard inputs. Experimental results reveal the feasibility of integrating brain signal based inputs along with conventional control inputs in the context of multi-player neurofeedback games for improving brain functions.
BUILDING EXTRACTION FROM REMOTE SENSING DATA USING FULLY CONVOLUTIONAL NETWORKS

Abstract. Building detection and footprint extraction are highly demanded for many remote sensing applications. Though most previous works have shown promising results, the automatic extraction of building footprints still remains a nontrivial topic, especially in complex urban areas. Recently developed extensions of the CNN framework made it possible to perform dense pixel-wise classification of input images. Based on these abilities we propose a methodology, which automatically generates a full resolution binary building mask out of a Digital Surface Model (DSM) using a Fully Convolution Network (FCN) architecture. The advantage of using the depth information is that it provides geometrical silhouettes and allows a better separation of buildings from background as well as through its invariance to illumination and color variations. The proposed framework has mainly two steps. Firstly, the FCN is trained on a large set of patches consisting of normalized DSM (nDSM) as inputs and available ground truth building mask as target outputs. Secondly, the generated predictions from FCN are viewed as unary terms for a Fully connected Conditional Random Fields (FCRF), which enables us to create a final binary building mask. A series of experiments demonstrate that our methodology is able to extract accurate building footprints which are close to the buildings original shapes to a high degree. The quantitative and qualitative analysis show the significant improvements of the results in contrast to the multy-layer fully connected network from our previous work.
Análisis comparado entre los resultados de una evaluación continua y otra puntual. El caso de la asignatura de macroeconomía

En la educacion en general, y en la universidad en concreto, se estan viviendo cambios importantes tanto en lo que a la organizacion se refiere como en lo que respecta a la metodologia de ensenanza. En este sentido, la metodologia tradicional esta siendo sustituida por una mas participativa en la que el alumno se convierte en el eje central y en donde el objetivo no es poner a prueba su capacidad memoristica, sino desarrollar en el unas competencias que le preparen para el mercado de trabajo. En dicho proceso de cambio el sistema de evaluacion ocupa un lugar esencial, por eso en este trabajo trataremos de dar respuesta a algunos de los interrogantes que todos los profesores nos planteamos ? En que consiste un sistema de evaluacion continua? , ? Que ventajas, en caso de que las haya, ofrece frente a un sistema de evaluacion tradicional? , ? Favorece el aprendizaje de los alumnos? Para dar respuesta a estas y otras preguntas se plantea un analisis comparado con los resultados obtenidos bajo dos sistemas de evaluacion distintos, uno continuo y otro puntual, en el caso de la asignatura de Macroeconomia de Diplomatura impartida en la Universidad CEU San Pablo.
Human Cancer Biology Disruptive TP 53 Mutation Is Associated with Aggressive Disease Characteristics in an Orthotopic Murine Model of Oral Tongue Cancer

Purpose: To characterize tumor growth and metastatic potential in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines in an orthotopic murine model of oral tongue cancer and to correlate TP53 mutation status with these findings. Experimental Design:Cells from each of 48 HNSCC cell lines were orthotopically injected into the oral tongues of nude mice. Tumor volume, cervical lymph node metastasis, and mouse survival were recorded. Direct sequencing of the TP53 gene and Western blot analysis for the p53 protein after induction with 5-fluorouracil was conducted. Cell lines were categorized as eithermutant TP53 orwild-type TP53, and lines with TP53mutation were further categorized on the basis of type of mutation (disruptive or nondisruptive) and level of p53 protein expression. The behavior of tumors in these different groups was compared. Results: These 48 HNSCC cell lines showed a wide range of behavior from highly aggressive and metastatic to no tumor formation. Mice injected with cells harboring disruptive TP53mutations had faster tumor growth, greater incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis, and shorter survival than mice injected with cells lacking these mutations. Conclusions:HNSCC cell lines display awide spectrumof behavior in anorthotopicmodel of oral cancer. Cell lines with disruptive TP53 mutations are more aggressive in this system, corroborating clinical reports that have linked these mutations to poor patient outcome. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6658–70. 2011 AACR.
Response of Tunisian autochthonous pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000

Seeds of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br. ) from six provenances of Tunisia were subjected to germination and shoot and root length tests on filter paper treated with polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) solutions made up to provide osmotic potentials of 0, -1 and -2 MPa. Mean germination percent for all provenances decreased about 73% in -2 MPa compared to control (0 MPa) treatment. Osmotic potential of -1.0 MPa improves the rate of germination but not significantly compared to the control. There were significant differences among the relative germination percent of the provenances in different treatments. Decreases in the external osmotic potential induced decreased shoot growth while a slight increase in root length associate with the -1 MPa treatments was observed for some ecotypes. This reflects an adaptive response involving an increase in root length to reach deeper water in the soil. It was also notified that the elongation of the radicle is more sensitive to the osmotic constraint than the coleoptile.
Análisis del DNA mitocondrial antiguo y contemporáneo:un acercamiento a las relaciones genéticas en las poblaciones indígenas de Mesoamérica

En el presente estudio analizamos los haplogrupos A, B, C y D del acido desoxirribonucleico mitocondrial (mtdna) en 108 individuos contemporaneos mazahuas y 68 otomies del Estado de Mexico. El objetivo del analisis es identificar las relaciones geneticas entre estos grupos y compararlos con otras poblaciones antiguas y contemporaneas de Mexico. Los grupos poblacionales mazahua y otomi habitan en los mismos municipios del Estado de Mexico, hablan lenguajes que pertenecen a la familia linguistica oto-mangue, comparten aspectos culturales y una historia en comun. Los resultados mostraron que el haplogrupo B es el mas frecuente en los mazahuas y el A en los otomies. El haplogrupo C presenta frecuencias similares en ambos grupos. La poblacion otomi presenta una baja frecuencia del haplogrupo D e incluye individuos que no presentaron ninguno de los cuatro haplogrupos del mtdna, mientras que todos los individuos de la poblacion mazahua pertenecieron a uno de los cuatro haplogrupos estudiados. Las poblaciones mazahua y otomi del actual Estado de Mexico son estadisticamente diferentes por el metodo de ji cuadrada (p ? 0.05). El analisis de componentes principales basado en las frecuencias de los cuatro haplogrupos del mtdna sugiere que entre ambos grupos poblacionales no ha habido flujo genico por via materna o ha sido muy escaso.
After alienation : American novels in mid-century

If you really want to be smarter, reading can be one of the lots ways to evoke and realize. Many people who like reading will have more knowledge and experiences. Reading can be a way to gain information from economics, politics, science, fiction, literature, religion, and many others. As one of the part of book categories, after alienation american novels in mid century always becomes the most wanted book. Many people are absolutely searching for this book. It means that many love to read this kind of book.
EFFECT OF ETHYLENEDIAMINE TETRAACETIC ACID ON PENICILLINASE INDUCIBILITY IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

The effect of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the growth and viability of cells of Staphylococcus aureus depends on the growth medium used. EDTA partly inhibits induction of penicillinase in penicillin‐resistant strains, presumably by chelatng ionized magnesium which is necessary for optimum induction conditions. No evidence could be found that growth in EDTA‐containing media renders cells less inducible for penicillinase.
Do Temporary Increases in Information Asymmetry Affect the Cost of Equity?

Prior literature finds that long-lasting changes in firms' disclosure policies and information environment affect the cost of equity. Information asymmetry, however, also changes during the fiscal quarter. Firms disclose information periodically, and in between disclosure dates, traders can obtain private information, and adverse-selection risk increases. Such temporary increases in information asymmetry are usually considered to be diversifiable or too small to impact expected stock returns. In addition, investors may postpone trades or sell other assets in their portfolio on high information asymmetry days. We, however, find that returns increase significantly on days during the fiscal quarter when adverse-selection risk is high and liquidity low. Consistent with theory, we show that temporary asymmetry affects returns when investors demand liquidity and market makers bear risk for carrying capacity and providing it. This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
It's about Time and Gender: Spousal Employment and Health1

This article considers the effect of husbands’ and wives’ hours of work on each others’ health. Theoretical analysis focuses on gendering of health‐related behavior, the time needed to promote a spouse's salubrious behavior, and the effects of work hours on the availability of time for nonwork activities. Empirical analyses are based on 1986 and 1989 longitudinal U.S. data. Fewer than 40 hours of work per week by wives has no effect on husbands’ health, but more than 40 hours has substantial negative effect. Long work hours by husbands are not detrimental to wives’ health. Wives’ work hours shows no effect on their own health, but husbands’ work hours show strong positive effect on their own health. Methodological issues are considered.
Tissue kallikrein protects rat hippocampal CA1 neurons against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion‐induced injury through the B2R‐Raf‐MEK1/2‐ERK1/2 pathway

We have documented that tissue kallikrein (TK) prevents neurons from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through the B2R‐ERK1/2 pathway and the antihypoxic function of TK through Homer1b/c‐ERK1/2 signaling pathways. The present study investigates the molecular mechanisms of exogenous TK activation of the B2R‐ERK1/2 pathway through the β‐arrestin‐2 assembled B2R‐Raf‐MEK1/2 signaling module in vivo. The cresyl violet staining results indicated that exogenous TK protected the rat hippocampal CA1 neurons against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The immunoprecipitation (IP) and immunoblotting (IB) results revealed that exogenous TK upregulated the β‐arrestin‐2 assembled B2R‐Raf‐MEK1/2 signaling module and upregulated the phosphorylation of Raf (p‐Raf), MEK1/2 (p‐MEK1/2), and ERK1/2 (p‐ERK1/2). Meanwhile, exogenous TK upregulated the expression of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), depressed the release of cytochrome c (Cyt c) and bax from mitochondria to the cytosol, and depressed the activation of caspase‐3. Take together, our results suggest that exogenous TK attenuated the cerebral I/R induced rat hippocampal CA1 neurons injury through activating the β‐arrestin‐2 assembled B2R‐Raf‐MEK1/2 signaling module and that the activated B2R‐Raf‐MEK1/2 signaling module could upregulate the expression of NF‐κB, decrease the release of cytochrome c and bax from mitochondria to the cytosol, and depress the activation of caspase‐3. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Theoretical Model of the Antecedents of Educational Goal Commitment

The transition from high school to college is a key point in students’ educational route. During this transition, the ability to formulate an educational goal and the will to actively engage to this goal are supposed to lead to favorable academic outcomes. However, students differ in their commitment to their educational goal, which may translate into differences in goal implementation. How can we explain such differences? A theoretical model of the factors influencing students’ commitment to their educational goal is proposed. This model is composed of two proximal antecedents—goal importance and expectancy of goal achievement— and two distal antecedents—goal abstraction and goal integration. The proximal antecedents are mainly based on the expectancy-value framework (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002), and the distal antecedents on the assumptions relative to the hierarchical goal structure (Carver & Scheier, 1998).
Optimal Automatic Stabilizers

Should the generosity of unemployment benefits and the progressivity of income taxes depend on the presence of business cycles? This paper proposes a tractable model where there is a role for social insurance against uninsurable shocks to income and unemployment, as well as business cycles that are inefficient due to the presence of matching frictions and nominal rigidities. We derive an augmented Baily–Chetty formula showing that the optimal generosity of the social insurance system depends on a macroeconomic stabilization term. This term pushes for an increase in generosity when the level of economic activity is more responsive to social programmes in recessions than in booms. A calibration to the US economy shows that taking concerns for macroeconomic stabilization into account substantially raises the optimal unemployment insurance replacement rate but has a negligible impact on the optimal progressivity of the income tax. More generally, the role of social insurance programmes as automatic stabilizers affects their optimal design.
Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in patients with silent myocardial ischemia due to coronary-artery spasm.

BACKGROUND Silent myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary atherosclerosis is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiac events, including sudden death. The relation between silent ischemia and the initiation of potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias has not been defined, however. METHODS As part of a long-term study of sudden cardiac death, data on arrhythmias, coronary anatomy, and responses to ergonovine testing to provoke coronary-artery spasm were collected prospectively among survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who had no flow-limiting coronary-artery lesions, prior myocardial infarctions, or other structural causes of cardiac arrest and no angina pectoris. Associations between silent myocardial ischemia due to coronary-artery spasm and the occurrence and characteristics of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias were studied by both invasive and noninvasive techniques. RESULTS Silent ischemic events were associated with the initiation of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in five patients with induced or spontaneous focal coronary-artery spasm (or both). These patients were identified among a group of 356 survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who were evaluated between 1980 and 1991. In two of the five patients reperfusion, rather than ischemia itself, correlated with the onset of the ventricular arrhythmia. Only one of the five had an inducible arrhythmia during electrophysiologic testing. Titration of the dose of a calcium-entry-blocking agent (verapamil, diltiazem, or nifedipine) against the ability of ergonovine to provoke spasm was successful in preventing both the provocation of spasm and arrhythmias in all four patients who were tested. CONCLUSIONS Silent myocardial ischemia due to coronary-artery spasm can initiate potentially fatal arrhythmias in patients without flow-limiting structural coronary-artery lesions. The role of silent ischemia, reperfusion, or both in the initiation of fatal arrhythmias in larger groups of patients with advanced coronary-artery lesions remains to be defined.
The house and group identity in the Irish Neolithic

Abstract:A connection is frequently made between the arrival of farming in Ireland and the beginnings of domestic life ' proper', i.e., the foundation of a permanent or semipermanent base around which activities and events relating to the agricultural year are focused. The appearance in the archaeological record of substantial timber buildings associated with early Neolithic ceramics, lithics and food waste would on first inspection seem to bear this out. Emerging detail on their construction, use and abandonment suggests that they represented a considerable social investment for at least several generations during the early Neolithic. The domestic architecture that characterises later periods— the middle and late Neolithic—leaves very different and generally more ephemeral traces in the archaeological record as well as diverging quite dramatically in terms of shape and design. Perhaps most significantly, these later shifts appear to coincide with changes in the form and scale of funerary and ceremonial architecture such as passage tombs and timber circles. In this paper, it is argued that exploring the space, content and design of these various domestic settings through the Neolithic can bring us closer to understanding earlier prehistoric society as a whole.
Progressive osseous heteroplasia: REPORT OF A FAMILY

We report a case of progressive osseous heteroplasia in a female infant who had progressive ossification of the skin and deep connective tissues. Isolated dermal ossification is present in her father and younger sister suggesting an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with variable expressivity or possible somatic mosaicism. This report of a family with progressive osseous heteroplasia contributes to the understanding of this uncommon genetic disorder, which must be distinguished from fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy. The paucity of familial cases of progressive osseous heteroplasia currently limits the use of a genome-wide linkage analysis, but linkage exclusion analysis with promising candidate genes is a possibility.