Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of miR ‐ 30 b as an oncogene in renal cell carcinoma

microRNAs (miRs) have been investigated as a novel class of regulators of cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. In particular, miR-30b has been demonstrated to be deregulated in certain types of cancer, including lung, colorectal and gastric cancer. Previous studies of miR-30b in renal clear cell carcinoma demonstrated that the expression level of miR-30b was associated with distant metastasis. However, the function of miR-30b in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remained to be elucidated. In the present study, the expression of miR-30b in 31 paired RCC tissues from four cell lines (786-O, 769-P, ACHN and 293T) was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the effect of miR-30b on cell proliferation in RCC cells was also determined using MTT and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay analyses. Furthermore, the function of miR-30b in cell migration and invasion was determined by wound scratch and Transwell assays. Flow cytometry was also performed to quantify the effect of miR-30b on cell apoptosis. The results of the current study indicated that miR-30b was upregulated in RCC tissues from affected cell lines when compared with adjacent normal tissues and a normal kidney cell line, which is different to the downregulation of miR-30b as observed in other types of cancer. miR-30b is associated with RCC cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis, which indicated that miR-30b acts as an oncogene in RCC. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate the upregulation of miR-30b in RCC tissues and describe miR-30b as an oncogene in RCC in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Further studies will define the target gene of miR-30b in RCC and investigate the potential role of miR-30b as a biomarker for RCC.
Effect of Essential Oils of Various Plants as Microbial Modifier to

During ensiling process, microbial populations present in forage mass consume forage carbohydrates as their energy source and produce different metabolite such as lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid. Lactic acid production by Lactobacillus species decreases the pH of silage (Kung and Ranjit, 2001) which could restrict activity of undesirable microorganism such as Clostridia (Duniere et al. 2011). Clostridia convert forage carbohydrates to butyric acid which could lead to increase in pH and further spoilage of the silage (Dunière et al. 2013). In order to ensure Lactobacillus predominating fermentation and high concentration of lactic acid in silage, various additives were tested (Dunie`re et al. 2013; Yitbarek and Tamir, 2014). Essential oils are plant secondary metabolites (PSM) which are reThe aim of present study was to assess the effects of individual various essential plant oils on chemical composition, aerobic stability and fermentation characteristics of corn silage and in vitro rumen fermentation and methane emission using gas production technique. Whole crop corn was harvested and ensiled in laboratory scale tubes (4±0.25 kg) for 45 days. Treatments consisted of either corn silage with no additive (control) or treated with 120 or 240 mg kg DM of cinnamon (Cinn120 or Cinn240, respectively), thyme (Thy120 or Thy240, respectively), mint (Mint120 or Mint240, respectively), oregano (Oreg120 or Oreg240, respectively) or cumin (Cum120 or Cum240, respectively). Treatments were compared with control using the Dunnett test at (P<0.05). Silages treated with cinnamon essential oil had higher DM content compared with the control (P<0.05). The pH value of Mint240 was significantly lower than the control (P<0.05). A significant reduction in ammonia nitrogen concentration of silages treated with thyme essential oil was observed in comparison to the control (P<0.05). Relative to the control, all of applied additives except of mint essential oil caused a significant improvement in silage aerobic stability (ranging from 44% to 400% increment). At 24 h in vitro rumen post incubation, total produced gas from Oreg240 was diminished significantly (P<0.05) compared with the control (44.23 vs. 48.73 mL 250 mg DM). When compared to the control, all treated silages except of Mint240 or Oreg120 produced higher methane during 24 h incubation (P<0.05). However, the ratio of methane to total gas was not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05). In vitro dry matter disappearance of Thy120, Mint240 or Oreg240 increased by 10 percent compared with the control (P<0.05). Moreover, partitioning factor of Oreg240 was higher than the control (P<0.05). Results demonstrated the potential of applied essential oils to improve chemical composition, dry matter degradability and aerobic stability of corn silage.
Risks for the global freshwater system at 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming

To support implementation of the Paris Agreement, the new HAPPI ensemble of 20 bias-corrected simulations of four climate models was used to drive two global hydrological models, WaterGAP and LPJmL, for assessing freshwater-related hazards and risks in worlds approximately 1.5 °C and 2 °C warmer than pre-industrial. Quasi-stationary HAPPI simulations are better suited than transient CMIP-like simulations for assessing hazards at the two targeted long-term global warming (GW) levels. We analyzed seven hydrological hazard indicators that characterize freshwater-related hazards for humans, freshwater biota and vegetation. Using a strict definition for significant differences, we identified for all but one indicator that areas with either significantly wetter or drier conditions (calculated as percent changes from 2006–2015) are smaller in the 1.5 °C world. For example, 7 day high flow is projected to increase significantly on 11% and 21% of the global land area at 1.5 °C and 2 °C, respectively. However, differences between hydrological hazards at the two GW levels are significant on less than 12% of the area. GW affects a larger area and more people by increases—rather than by decreases—of mean annual and 1-in-10 dry year streamflow, 7 day high flow, and groundwater recharge. The opposite is true for 7 day low flow, maximum snow storage, and soil moisture in the driest month of the growing period. Mean annual streamflow shows the lowest projected percent changes of all indicators. Among country groups, low income countries and lower middle income countries are most affected by decreased low flows and increased high flows, respectively, while high income countries are least affected by such changes. The incremental impact between 1.5 °C and 2 °C on high flows would be felt most by low income and lower middle income countries, the effect on soil moisture and low flows most by high income countries.
Preparation of large Stardust aluminum foil craters for analysis

Over the last decade, silica aerogel tracks and aluminum foil craters on the Stardust collector have been studied extensively to determine the nature of captured cometary dust grains. Analysis of particles captured in aerogel has been developed to a fine art, aided by sophisticated preparation techniques, and yielding revolutionary knowledge of comet dust mineralogy. The Stardust foil craters can be interpreted in terms of impacting particle size and structure, but almost all studies of composition for their contents have relied on in situ analysis techniques or relatively destructive extraction of materials. This has limited their examination and interpretation. However, numerous experimental hypervelocity impact studies under Stardust‐Wild 2 encounter conditions have shown that abundant dust components are preserved in foil craters of all sizes. Using some of these analogue materials, we have previously shown that modern, nondestructive scanning electron microscope imaging and X‐ray microanalysis techniques can document distribution of dust remnants both quickly and thoroughly within foil craters prior to any preparation. Here we present findings from our efforts to quantify the amount of residue and demonstrate a simple method of crater shape modification which can bring material into positions where it is much more accessible for in situ analysis, or safe removal of small subsamples. We report that approximately 50% of silicate‐dominated impactors were retained as impact crater residue; however, <3% of organic impactors remained in the craters after impact.
Replication and Packaging of Choleraphage + 149 DNA

The intracellular replication of the circularly permuted DNA of choleraphage +149 involves a concatemeric DNA structure with a size equivalent to six genome lengths. The synthesis of both monomeric and concatemeric DNAs during replication of +149 occurred in the cytoplasm. The concatemers served as the substrate for the synthesis of mature phage DNA, which was eventually packaged by a headful mechanism starting from a unique pac site in the concatemeric DNA. Packaging ofDNA into phage heads involved binding of concatemeric DNA to the cell membrane. A scheme involving sequential packaging of five headfuls proceeding in the counterclockwise direction from the pac site is proposed. After infection under high-phosphate conditions, the concatemeric DNA intermediates were not formed, although synthesis of monomeric molecules was unaffected.
1 Methane emissions from paddy grown on mineral 2 soil over peat in central Hokkaido , Japan 3

This study was carried out at Kita-mura near Bibai located in central Hokkaido, Japan, 17 with the intention of investigating the effects of different agronomical managements on CH4 18 emissions from paddy fields on mineral soil over peat under farmers’ actual management 19 conditions in the snowy temperate region. Four fields were studied, including two fields with twice 20 drainage (D1-M and D2-M) and also a single-drainage field (D3-S) under single-cropping yr-1 and 21 a paddy-fallow-paddy crop rotation as their systems. The other field was under single cropping 22 yr-1 with continuous flooding (CF-R) in the pattern of soybean (upland crop)-fallow-paddy. The 23 mineral-soil thickness of these soil-dressed peatland fields varied from 20 to 47 cm. The amount of 24 crop residues leftover in the fields ranged from 277 to 751 g dry matter m−2. Total CH4 emissions 25 ranged from 25.3 to 116 g CH4-C m−2 per growing season. There was a significant relationship 26 between crop-residue carbon (C) and total CH4 emissions during the rice-growing season. This 27 study, therefore, CH4 fluxes from paddy soils in that there was a strong interaction between readily 28 available C source for methanogens and anaerobic conditions created by water management. 29 Despite the differences in water regime and soil type, the average values of straw’s efficiency on 30 CH4 production in this study were significantly higher than those of southern Japan and 31 statistically identical with central Hokkaido. Our results suggest that the environmental conditions 32 of central Hokkaido in association with crop-residue management had a significant influence on 33 CH4 emission from paddy fields on mineral soil over peat. Rotation soybean (upland)-to-paddy 34 followed by drainage twice practices also largely reduces CH4 emission. However, mineral-soil 35 dressing on peat could have a significant impact to suppress CH4 emission from beneath the peat 36 reservoir. 37
A SIMULTANEOUS EX VIVO MODEL OF EMBRYOGENESIS II . VASCULOGENESIS

Vasculogenesis was simultaneously studied with embryogenesis in in ovo chick embryo culture, whi h was harvested at 40 hours. Endodermal cells and vascular endothelial cells were studied using a new combination of stains, immunohistochemistry (for nuclei and basement membrane) and NADPH-diaphorase activity in whole-mounts, paraffin sections and etched semithin sections. The model can be used for the study of developmental process of blood vessels as well as embryonic physiology of blood vessels vis-a-vis organogenesis in response to different angiogenic agents, drug trials, cancer therapy by angiostatic chemicals/ radiations and toxins. Considering that vasculogenesis/angiogenesis as one of the fundamental phenomena in physiology, pathophysiology, toxicology and pharmacology of developmental sciences, the model in developing embryo is presented.
A CMOS Dual-RC Frequency Reference With ±200-ppm Inaccuracy From −45 °C to 85 °C

This paper presents a 7-MHz CMOS RC frequency reference. It consists of a frequency-locked loop in which the output frequency of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is locked to the combined phase shifts of two independent RC (Wien bridge) filters, each employing resistors with complementary temperature coefficients. The filters are driven by the DCO’s output frequency and the resulting phase shifts are digitized by high-resolution phase-to-digital converters. Their outputs are then combined in the digital domain to realize a temperature-independent frequency error signal. This digitally assisted temperature compensation scheme achieves an inaccuracy of ±200 ppm from –45 °C to 85 °C after a two-point trim. The frequency reference draws 430 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 1.8-V supply, while achieving a supply sensitivity of 0.18%/V and a 330-ppb Allan deviation floor in 3 s of measurement time.
Is statistics too difficult?

By means of several historical examples, it is shown that it does not appear to be easy to build bridges between rigorous mathematics and reasonable data‐analytic procedures for scientific measurements. After mentioning both some positive and some negative aspects of statistics, a formal framework for statistics is presented which contains the concept formation, derivation of results and interpretation of mathematical statistics as three essential steps. The difficulties especially of interpretation are shown for examples in several areas of statistics, such as asymptotics and robustness. Some problems of statistics in two subject‐matter sciences are discussed, and a summary and outlook are given.
Interpreting Point Predictions : Some Logical Issues

When it comes to causal conclusions, rigor matters. To this end we impose high standards for how studies from which we draw causal conclusions are conducted. For instance, we are widely urged to prefer randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or instrumental variable (IV) models to observational studies relying just on correlations, and we have explicit criteria for what counts as a good RCT or a good IV model. But we tend to be shockingly sloppy when it comes to making explicit just what the causal conclusions we draw mean, why the methods we employ are good for establishing conclusions with just that meaning, and what can defensibly be taken to follow from these claims. With respect to what can be inferred from the limited causal conclusions our studies support, we are far too prone to over reach, to ‘generalize’ that what holds in a study or handful of studies holds widely. But, I shall argue, we do not get arrant for general claims by generalizing. Rather it takes a great tangle of scientific work to support a general claim, including a great deal of conceptual development, theory and the confirmation of a variety of different kinds of effects that the general claim implies. Nancy Cartwright (2016), “Where’s the Rigor When You Need It? ”, Foundations and Trends © in Accounting: Vol. 10, No. 2-4, pp 106–124. DOI: 10.1561/1400000045.
Sustainability Reporting and Value Relevance of Financial Statements

This study examines whether information about the winners of the Sustainability Reporting Award (SRA) contributes to the usefulness of the information in financial statements. This study used a sample consisting of 110 winners of SRA (SRA firms) and 110 companies that did not receive SRA (non-SRA firms) from 2008 to 2016. The study found that earnings per share (EPS), earnings per share change (EPSC), and book value per share (BVPS) are value-relevant information. Results of comparison between SRA firms and non-SRA firms show that the positive association between EPS and stock price (P) and the positive association of EPS with stock returns (R) for SRA firms are higher than that for the non-SRA firms. In addition, findings of this study indicate that EPSC is positively associated with R when EPSC and R are measured by Indonesian rupiah (IDR) instead of by percentage, and the positive association between EPSC and R for the SRA firms is higher than that for the non-SRA firms. Thus, the results are sensitive to measures of the variables. However, this study found that value relevance of BVPS for SRA firms is lower than for non-SRA firms. Implication of this study is that information about the winners of SRA contributes to the usefulness of financial statements, especially the information of EPS and EPSC.
Substance Use and HIV-Related Sexual Risk Behaviors among Myanmar Migrant Workers in Mae Sai, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand

The migration from Myanmar to Thailand was already known since the early 1990’s. But little is known about the substance use and sexual risk behavior in the migrants’ population in Mae Sai district, Chiang Rai province, Thailand. A cross-sectional study was carried out to Myanmar migrant workers in February 2013. The main purpose of this study was to access current situation of substance use and sexual risk behaviors. The purposively selected 308 participants of the study were 18-56 years of age with 53.9% males and 46.1% females. This study was conducted by the use of an interview questionnaire after approval from the ethical review committee from Chulalongkorn University. Among the respondents, ever smoking was found 52.4% in the males and 2.1% in the females. Ever alcohol drinking was found 80.7% in males and 10.6% in females and only one male methamphetamine user with no injection drug user was found. The low level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS was associated with being females (59.2%) (p=0.008) and low level of education (60.7%) (p<0.000). The current drinking status was associated with being males (77.7%), higher income (63.4%) and ever tobacco use (76.7%) with the p-value of <0.000. Sex after alcohol use was associated with older age (40%) (p= 0.001) and being married (42%) (p<0.000). This study acted as a baseline for further studies as there still need to be studied on the social behaviors on the substances use including hazardous drinking and the sexual behaviors. Interventions are needed to focus the special consideration to include females in the HIV/AIDS knowledge promotion program and to give the early education to the young males to prevent alcohol drinking throughout their lives.
A Comparison of the Drug Review Process at Five International Regulatory Agencies

Regulatory approval time is a key metric that is used to evaluate the performance of regulatory agencies. A new methodology has been developed to compare the regulatory review process across five regulatory agencies in the United States, Europe, Canada, Switzerland, and Australia. Four main stages (receipt of data, scientific assessment, sponsor response, and authorization of the product) that are common across all these agencies have been identified and “milestone” dates were collected for over 1,000 new active substance (NAS) applications. Data were collected by year of submission between 1997 and 2002, which allowed cohorts of compounds to be tracked prospectively to approval, rejection, or withdrawal and ensured that the products had been reviewed in the same regulatory environment. Analyses of the mean/median time intervals between milestones and the overall review times were carried out. Twenty-nine NASs that were submitted to, and approved by, all five agencies were also identified and studied in more depth. Overall median approval times ranged across agencies from 368 to 595 days. This study showed that, although the stages in the review process may be common for the different agencies, the time that an application spends in each stage can differ significantly. The order in which activities are undertaken in the review process also differs, for example, the timing of advisory committees or stages in the process carried out in parallel rather than sequentially. The data suggest that the differences in the way projects are managed in the review process has an impact on the review times.
Rule‐Of‐Thumb Consumers, Productivity, and Hours

In this paper we study the transmission mechanisms of productivity shocks in a model with rule-of-thumb consumers. In the literature, this financial friction has been studied only with reference to fiscal shocks. We show that the presence of rule-of-thumb consumers is also very helpful in accounting for recent empirical evidence on productivity shocks. Rule-of-thumb agents, together with nominal and real rigidities, play an important role in reproducing the negative response of hours and the delayed responses of output and consumption after a productivity shock.
Uber happy? Work and well-being in the ‘Gig Economy’

We study the rise of the so-called ‘gig economy’ through the lens of Uber and its drivers in the United Kingdom. Using administrative data from Uber and a new representative survey of London drivers, we explore their backgrounds, earnings, and subjective well-being. We find that the vast majority of Uber drivers are male immigrants, primarily drawn from the bottom half of the London income distribution. Most transitioned out of permanent part- or full-time jobs and about half of drivers’ report that their incomes increased after partnering with Uber. After covering vehicle operation costs and Uber’s service fee, we estimate that the median London driver earns about £11 per hour spent logged into the app. But while Uber drivers remain at the lower end of the London income distribution, they report higher levels of life satisfaction than other workers. Consistent with a trade-off between evaluative and emotional well-being observed among the self-employed, they also report higher anxiety levels. We hypothesize that the higher life satisfaction among Uber drivers partly reflects their preferences for flexibility and the autonomy that the platform offers. We provide suggestive evidence showing that drivers who emphasize flexibility as an important motivation to join Uber also report higher levels of subjective well-being. However, a minority of drivers who report that they would prefer work as an employee report lower levels of life satisfaction and higher levels of anxiety. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of non-monetary factors in shaping the welfare of workers in the gig economy.