Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AUDITORY ATTENTION AND MEMORY IN NORMAL HEARING INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT TINNITUS

Background and Aim: Research shows that 13 - 1 8 percent of the people suffer from tinnitus, almost 5 percent of which, have chronic o r bothersome tinnitus. Chronic tinnitus may be accompan ied by anxiety, depression, insomnia, and impairment in cognitive functions such as memory and attention. The purpose of this study wa s to compare the verbal auditory memory and divided atte ntion betwe en individuals with normal hearing in two groups of with and without tinnitus aged from 18 to 55 years old. Methods: This study were performed on 16 tinnitus patients (6 men and 10 women) aged from 23 to 53 years old and 20 healthy volunteers (3 men and 17 wo men) aged from 21 to 49 years old with normal hearing threshold s . Puret one a udiometry (PTA), Tinnitus evaluation, dichotic auditory verbal memory test (DAVMT), Randomized dichotic digits test (RDDT), and tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) were employed f or all participants. Results: Comparing the outputs of the RDDT and DAVMT tests between control and patients groups revealed no significant difference ( p =0. 65 , p =0.21). Conclusion: Based on the results of behavioral tests, divided auditory attention , and verbal auditory memory , which demonstrated no remarkable difference between control and patients group s , it is suggested that mild chronic tinnitus in individuals with normal hearing does not interfere in the divided auditory attention, verbal auditory mem ory .
Are Nuclear Star Clusters the Precursors of Massive Black Holes

We present new upper limits for black hole masses in extremely late type spiral galaxies. We confirm that this class of galaxies has black holes with masses less than 106M⊙, if any. We also derive new upper limits for nuclear star cluster masses in massive galaxies with previously determined black hole masses. We use the newly derived upper limits and a literature compilation to study the low mass end of the global-to-nucleus relations. We find the following. (1) The MBH-σ relation cannot flatten at low masses, but may steepen. (2) The MBH-Mbulge relation may well flatten in contrast. (3) The MBH-Sersic n relation is able to account for the large scatter in black hole masses in low-mass disk galaxies. Outliers in the MBH-Sersic n relation seem to be dwarf elliptical galaxies. When plotting MBH versus MNC we find three different regimes: (a) nuclear cluster dominated nuclei, (b) a transition region, and (c) black hole-dominated nuclei. This is consistent with the picture, in which black holes form inside nuclear clusters with a very low-mass fraction. They subsequently grow much faster than the nuclear cluster, destroying it when the ratio MBH/MNC grows above 100. Nuclear star clusters may thus be the precursors of massive black holes in galaxy nuclei.
An Empirical Analysis of Package Bids and Stand- Alone Bids in Combinatorial Procurement Auctions

One reason for allowing combination bids in procurement auctions is that this mechanism may pass firms’ potential cost synergies on to the procuring entity leading to a reduction in cost for the procuring entity. However, the option for a firm to submit bids on bundles of contracts gives rise to a strategic effect because a firm’s stand-alone bids compete with its package bids. Therefore, bidders might find it profitable to inflate their stand-alone bids in order to favour their package bids. Hence, the observed discount in a package bids would not reflect the procurer’s cost saving of using the combinatorial format. Using data from single-contract auctions and multi-contract auctions with the option to submit package bids, we find that firms inflate their stand alone bids in the combinatorial auctions compared to their corresponding bids in standard procurement auctions. Further, the analysis does not show significant differences in the procurer’s cost by type of auction.
Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Indonesian Traditional Fermented Foods

The diversity of lactic acid bacteria was evaluated from Indonesian fermented foods such as dadih (buffalo fermented milk), tempoyak (fermented durian), bekasam (fermented meat), and tape ketan (fermented glutinous rice). Lactic acid bacteria were enumerated using selective media and characterised based on a genotypic methods such as rep- PCR and RAPD-PCR, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing of representative strains. Forty-six colonies had successfullybeen isolated from Indonesian fermented foods. The great majority of these colonies originated from dadih (43.48%), tempoyak (39.13%), bekasam (13.04%) and tape (4,3%). The 46 isolates were characterised based on a genotypic methods such as RAPD and rep-PCR as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing of representative strains. The rep-PCR result yielded seven clusters (I-VII) at a similarity level of 75-88% and RAPD-PCR used LB2 primer, M13 primer and primer A, B, C. The RAPD result using LB2 primer yielded eight clusters (I-VIII) at a similarity level of 82-91%. Identification using 16S rRNA showed that the majority strains as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum and Pediococcus pentosaceus strains.
Reading and proclaiming the Birth Narratives from Luke and Matthew: A study in empirical theology amongst curates and their training incumbents employing the SIFT method

Drawing on Jungian psychological type theory, the SIFT method of biblical hermeneutics and liturgical preaching suggests that the reading and proclaiming of scripture reflects the psychological type preferences of the reader and preacher. This thesis is examined amongst two samples of curates and training incumbents (N = 23, 27), serving in one Diocese of the Church of England, who completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Firstly, the narrative of the shepherds from Luke was discussed by groups organised according to scores on the perceiving process. In accordance with the theory, sensing types focused on details in the passage, but could reach no consensus on the larger picture, and intuitive types quickly identified an imaginative, integrative theme, but showed little interest in the details. Secondly, the narrative of the massacre of the infants from Matthew was discussed by groups organised according to scores on the judging process. In accordance with theory, the thinking types identified and analysed the big themes raised by the passage (political power, theodicy, obedience), whilst the feeling types placed much more emphasis on the impact that the passage may have on members of the congregation mourning the death of their child or grandchild.
Web-Based Inquiry Learning: Facilitating Thoughtful Literacy with WebQuests

Diane looked up, put her pen in her mouth and thoughtabout the question for some seconds, and then lookedat me. “Well.mmm. I will encourage the citizens inmy city to reduce, reuse, and recycle waste. I can prob-ably carry out a campaign to educate citizens about thedangers of polluting the environment. I think.I willmake companies and individuals receive a penalty forenvironmental pollution and I will encourage the useof computers. I will study the successful programs thatother cities are using and see how I can do it in mycity. ” (Interview transcript, June 8, 2004)
Bargaining and Wage Rigidity in a Matching Model for the US

The Mortensen and Pissarides (1994) matching model with all wages negotiated each period is shown inconsistent with macroeconomic wage dynamics in the US. This applies even when heterogeneous match productivities, time to build vacancies and credible bargaining are incorporated. Wage rigidity consistent with micro evidence that wages of job changers are more flexible than those of job stayers allows the model to capture these dynamics and is not inconsistent with parameter calibrations in the literature. Such wage rigidity affects only the timing of wage payments over the duration of matches, so conclusions about characteristics based on calibrations continue to apply.
Production potential of grassland and fodder crops in high-output systems in the Low Countries in north western Europe and how to deal with limiting factors.

The farming community currently growing fodder crops and grassland in areas with intensive dairy production in the EU is confronted with opportunities and threats related to (1) characteristics of cropping systems, (2) scientific and technological developments, (3) tightening of regulations, (4) scarcity of land and restricted freedom of use of the land, (5) changing climate and (6) changes in consumer attitudes and behaviour. Using highly productive varieties in appropriate crop rotations, and applying good agricultural practices, offers opportunities for reducing environmental impacts hence proactively preventing further strengthening of the regulations. The scarcity of land in densely populated areas and ongoing restrictions on the freedom to use the land are confronting intensive dairy farmers with problems for which technical solutions may not bring relief. The decreasing consumption of animal products in the developed world may change land use in the future.
In Vitro Digestibilities of Plants Utilized by Barren-Ground Caribou

Rumen fluids of barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus ) were used with standard in vitro procedures in March 1981 to investigate the relative digestibilities of forages collected on caribou winter ranges in the southern Northwest Territories. In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of the three most abundant arboreal lichens, when fermented in test tubes for 60 h, averaged 67% compared with 43% for the seven most common terricolous lichens. The DMD of leaves of the most common shrubs, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Empetrum nigrum, Arctostaphylos spp. , and Ledum spp. averaged 46% (37-51%). Eight bryophyte species averaged 17% (7-28%) DMD. The DMD of species of three lichen genera with low protein contents, Cladina, Cladonia, and Cetraria , continued to increase with increasing fermentation periods up to 180 h. Nine species of lichens averaged 49% DMD when fermented for 60 h in test tubes, 64% when fermented in Erlenmeyer flasks, and 76% when 60 mg of urea was added to flasks. DMDs of 22 plant species were significantly higher in March 1981 than in similar tests conducted one year earlier. This annual variation in the digestive capacities of ruminal fluids was associated with the physical condition of the caribou and may have been related to their nutritional history. Key words: Canada, caribou, digestibilities, in vitro , lichens, nutrition, Rangifer
NUTRITION AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF POWER WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE

How does the distribution of power within the household affect the nutrition of its members? In 1998, the largest social program in rural Mexico (PROGRESA) designed a random experiment for the purpose of evaluation. Exploiting the experimental nature of the data, I estimate calorie demand equations based on the predictions from different models of household behavior. There are three main findings in this study. First, I reject the income pooling restriction and the Pareto-efficiency assumption for the nutrition decisions of families assuming that only the head of household and his spouse participate in decision-making. I discuss theoretical and empirical reasons for these findings. Second, I present a new test of the unitary model for extended families, i.e. households for which any income earners contribute to decision-making. I find that for a given level of household income, an increase in the number of income earners is associated with a decrease in per capita calorie consumption. The extended family does not act as assumed by the unitary model. Third, when I assume that the head of household and his spouse are the sole two decision-makers, changing the wife’s non-labor income is found to have little effect on the levels of food consumption. In contrast, in the extended family setting, when a female household member starts earning income, per capita calorie consumption increases substantively. When it is a male household member who starts earning income, it decreases substantively.
THE VVV SURVEY REVEALS CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS TRACING A YOUNG AND THIN STELLAR DISK ACROSS THE GALAXY’S BULGE

Solid insight into the physics of the inner Milky Way is key to understanding our Galaxy’s evolution, but extreme dust obscuration has historically hindered efforts to map the area along the Galactic mid-plane. New comprehensive near-infrared time-series photometry from the VVV Survey has revealed 35 classical Cepheids, tracing a previously unobserved component of the inner Galaxy, namely a ubiquitous inner thin disk of young stars along the Galactic mid-plane, traversing across the bulge. The discovered period (age) spread of these classical Cepheids implies a continuous supply of newly formed stars in the central region of the Galaxy over the last 100 million years.
Effects of Elevated Spring Temperatures on the Growth and Fruit Quality of the Mandarin Hybrid 'Shiranuhi'

Abstract: The effects of elevated spring temperatures on the growth and fruit quality of the mandarin hybrid ‘Shiranuhi’ [( Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis ) × C. reticulata ] were investigated in plastic greenhouses, to develop a cropping system to improve the qualit y of the fruit and increase the income of growers on Jeju Island, South Korea. Under conditions of elevated temperature I (25/15° C,day/night) and elevated temperature II (28/18°C, day/night) during early spring, budburst was advanced by 11 and 15 d, and full bloom by 22 and 45 d, respectively, compared to those of the plants grown at ambient air temperature in a plastic greenhouse. Elevated temperatures decreased the number of spring shoots but increased mean spring shoot length and leaf area. Growin g ‘Shiranuhi’ trees at elevated temperatures resulted in increases in mean fruit weight and fruit L/D ratio (> 1.0). In addition, fruit color development was significantly advanced in trees grown under elevated temperatures during early spring, which allowe d the fruit to be harvested 1-2 months earlier than trees grown under ambient air temperature. Fruit soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) at harvest were similar between elevated temperature I and ambient air temperature, but were significantly higher than at elevated temperature II. Considering fruit quality, harvest time, and yield, the elevated temperat ure treatment regime of 25/15°C (day/night) during early spring could be useful for cultivation of the mandarin hybrid ‘Shiranuhi’to increase the income of growers.Additional key words:
Toward a Uniform Court Practice in the Republic of Macedonia

Despite the different perceptions regarding the status and treatment of the court practice in the Republic of Macedonia, judicial and state authorities are united in their view that there is a need for achieving a higher degree of uniformity of court practice. The need for a higher degree of uniformity of court practice was also noted by the European Union within its latest reports on the progress of the Republic of Macedonia as a candidate country for membership in the European Union as well as in the recent Report on Macedonia: Assessment and recommendations of the Senior Experts' Group on systemic Rule of Law issues 2017. This paper will try to resolve the various different interpretations as regards the court practice in Macedonia and define its role, treatment and application. This will be achieved mainly through analysis of the relevant national legislation. Further, possible new tools will be considered for achieving a greater uniformity of court practice. It will be argued that the court practice should serve as an additional means of argumentation within the reasoning of court judgments, which will contribute to increasing the degree of uniformity of court practice and rule of law as well. Finally, some suggestions will be given in order to provide for better conditions for the Supreme Court to exercise its constitutional competence to ensure the uniform application of the laws by the courts and thus ensure the existence of a uniform court practice.
The Effect of Blue Green Algae (Spirulina platensis) Extract in White Rat (RattusNorvegicus) Treated with Excessive Physical Exercise on Leydig Cell Number and Seminiferous Tubules Diameter

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Spirulina platensis extract on the amount of Leydig cells, amount of Leydig cells undergoing necrotic, and diameter of seminiferous tubules of rats treated with excessive physical exercise. Excessive physical exercise was done through 60 minutes of swimming as stressor for 35 days. Twenty white male rats were randomly divided into five groups i.e C-, control or normal group, C+, a group was only receive swimming, T1, T2, and T3 was received 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg BW of Spirulina platensis and swimming. Spirulina platensis extract was given orally once a day before swimming. ANOVA followed by Duncan analysis showed significant different among treatments on the amount of Leydig cells, the amount of necrotic Leydig cells, and seminiferous tubules diameter (p<0.05). Excessive physical exercise influenced on male reproduction system through decreasing the amount of Leydig cells as testosterone producing organ. The conclusion of this study was dose of 1200 mg/kg BW of Spirulina platensis extract could maintain the amount of Leydig cells, protect the Leydig cells from becoming necrotic, and increase diameter of seminiferous tubules of white male rat.
Neurocognitive Effects of Treatment of Pediatric Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Neuroimaging Analysis

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent form of cancer diagnosed in children. The current survival rate is approximately 85% and has been rising over the last two decades. The standard treatment regimen involves intrathecal chemotherapy in addition to corticosteroid drugs. Intrathecal chemotherapy has been shown to cause neurocognitive effects in executive function and IQ. The current study investigates differences in brain activation patterns that could account for the differences in neurocognitive function observed between ALL survivors and healthy controls. In this study, neurocognitive function of ALL survivors was assessed using a test battery that consisted of the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children-Fourth Edition (WISCIV) and the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). ALL survivors showed significant deficits on these tests compared to matched, healthy controls. Survivors demonstrating the poorest performance on this battery participated in the neuroimaging component of the study in which brain activation during an inhibitory control task, the Simon task, was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). ALL survivors demonstrated a compensatory mechanism of cortical recruitment during the Simon task, while performing worse than their matched, healthy controls. There was a significant difference in activation between survivors and healthy controls in the anterior cingulate cortex (BA 24), as predicted, although no differences were found between groups in the prefrontal cortex.
Sonication Derived Powdered Mixtures of Ferrite and Ceramic Nanoparticles for H 2 Generation

This paper reports sonication derived powdered mixtures of NiFe2O4 and ceramic nanoparticles such as ZrO2/Y2O3/YSZ for H2 generation from thermochemical water-splitting process. To prepare powdered mixtures, NiFe2O4 (75 wt%) and ceramic nanoparticles (25 wt%) were placed in ethanol, sonicated for 120 min, and the slurry obtained was dried at 50°-100°C. Using these powdered mixtures, ten consecutive thermochemical cycles were performed at 900°-1100°C for H2 generation. Among different powdered mixtures, NiFe2O4/ZrO2 produced a maximum H2 of 30.6 mL/g/cycle at NTP conditions. Powdered mixtures prepared with different sonication times (30-120 min) and ZrO2 nanoparticles loadings (10-35 wt%) were also investigated for H2 generation via thermochemical water-splitting process. Sonication derived NiFe2O4/ZrO2 powdered mixture prepared at optimized conditions has produced average H2 volume of 38.8 mL/g/cycle during five consecutive thermochemical cycles, which was found to be higher than the H2 volume generated by NiFe2O4/Y2O3 and NiFe2O4/YSZ powdered mixtures. In addition, these powdered mixtures were characterized for powdered x-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM).
Use of the sent specimen in pipeline design

Engineering critical assessments have been developed based on fracture mechanics principles to determine whether or not a given flaw is safe from failure under specified loading conditions. Several parameters are required as inputs, such as the geometry of the flaw, the stress acting at the vicinity of the flaw and the material properties (toughness, tensile properties). To do so, advanced fracture-mechanics testing (critical K, CTOD or J) are usually required to guarantee an accurate measurement of the material toughness. It is accepted that the Compact Tension (CT) and the Single-Edge Notched Bending (SENB) may lead to unnecessary conservatism in safety assessments. The Single-Edge Notched Tensile (SENT) specimen could be the most acceptable substitute since it is shown to lead to less conservatism.
Is Tom Cruise Threatened? An Empirical Study of the Impact of Product Variety on Demand Concentration

We empirically examine the impact of expanded product variety on demand concentration using large data sets from the movie rental industry as our test bed. We find that product variety is likely to increase demand concentration, which goes against the “long tail effect” theory predicting that demand will become less concentrated on “hit” products because of expanded product variety. We further provide evidence that this finding is not due to introducing many low-selling niche products, as the intuition might suggest. Instead, we discover that increasing product variety diversifies the demand away from each movie title, but less significantly for hits than for niche products. In particular, we find that increasing product variety by 1,000 titles may increase the Gini coefficient of DVD rentals by 0.0029, which translates to increasing the market share of the top 1% of DVDs by 1.96% and the market share of the top 10% of DVDs by 0.58%. At the same time, the market share of the bottom 1% of DVDs is reduced b.
Fecundity and the Body Length of Rag Worm, Perinereis Cultrifera (Grube 1840) From Wearlilir Beach Waters, Small Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku District

The knowledge of fecundity is an important aspect in the reproductive biology. Understanding the fecundity may allow the estimation of the number of rag worm individual and the determination of the number of rag worm in the questioned length class. The number of egg released represents a linking chain for one generation to next generation. The objective of research is to understand the range of fecundity, the range of body length, and the relationship of fecundity and body length of rag worm from Wearlilir waters, Moluccas, Indonesia. Achieving this objective, the observation to 238 individuals of female rag worm which are captured at Wearlilir beach waters, Small Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku District for a year from June 2010 to May 2011. The fecundity is calculated with the mixed methods including volumetric, gravimetric, and arithmetic. The relationship between fecundity and body length of rag worm is following the square function, F = 144.6533PT1. 2911. It can be transformed into a form of natural logarithm to produce the regression equation: ln (WF) = 4.97434 + 1.29109 * ln (WP). Result of linear regression analysis of variance indicates that there is a positive relationship between the fecundity and body length. This relationship is not so close because only 26 % fecundities are influenced by the length, while 74 % are influenced by other factors such as environment and food.