Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revalidation and redescription of Steindachnerina nigrotaenia and redescription of S. insculpta (Characiformes: Curimatidae)

ABSTRACT Steindachnerina nigrotaenia is resurrected from the synonym of S. brevipinna and considered a valid species. The previous designation of the lectotype of S. nigrotaenia is considered invalid and a new lectotype is designated herein. Steindachnerina nigrotaenia and S. insculpta are redescribed based on type specimens and on additional material from the rio Paraguai and the upper rio Paraná basins, respectively. The two species can be separated by the number of scales of the lateral line and of the transverse series and by phylogenetic analyses of molecular data.
New Assay for Rhizobitoxine Based on Inhibition of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase

ABSTRACT Rhizobitoxine is synthesized by the legume symbiontBradyrhizobium elkanii and the plant pathogenBurkholderia andropogonis. Rhizobitoxine competitively inhibited 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase bLE-ACS2 from the tomato, a key enzyme in the pathway of ethylene biosynthesis. Based on this inhibition of ACC synthase, we have developed a new assay for rhizobitoxine.
Impact Aversion in Arbitrator Decisions

An aversion to salient mistakes leads arbitrators to make mistakes more often, even where directives are clear, incentives strong, and post-hoc evaluation perfect. We study the choices of Major League Baseball umpires, who are directed to make binary decisions according to a single, objective criterion: pitch location. Using state-of-the-art pitch location technology, we examine over one million such decisions and find that every umpire in our sample distorts his directive by avoiding the option that would more strongly change the expected outcome of the game. This impact aversion is consistent with an avoidance of public scrutiny. Umpires face criticism from the public for mistakes that disrupt the course of the game; impact-averse umpires avoid scrutiny by avoiding game-changing options that could be mistaken.
Long-term potentiation at the apical and basal dendritic synapses of CA1 after local stimulation in behaving rats.

1. We recorded the extracellular excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in CA1 in the freely behaving rats after stimulation of the apical dendritic and basal dendritic afferents. The apical dendritic population EPSP was negative at the apical dendritic layers and positive at stratum oriens and alveus. The basal dendritic population EPSP was negative at basal dendritic layer (stratum oriens) and positive at the cell body and apical dendritic layers. 2. We delivered various tetanic stimulus patterns in an attempt to elicit long-term potentiation (LTP) at the apical dendritic synapse of CA1 pyramidal cells. A 200-Hz high-frequency train (HF) 1 s in duration was more successful than theta-frequency primed bursts (PBs; 1 or 4 priming pulses followed by 10 or 4 pulses at 100 Hz) in eliciting LTP of the apical dendritic population EPSP, recorded either ipsilaterally or contralaterally. 3. Tetanus applied to the apical dendritic afferents occasionally elicited long-term depression (LTD) at an intensity lower than the LTP threshold. LTD persisted to > or = 1 day after a tetanus. 4. High-intensity tetanic stimulations often elicited hippocampal afterdischarges (ADs). If the AD duration was brief (< 15 s), apical dendritic LTP could follow the AD. However, if the AD duration was long, no apical dendritic LTP was observed. Tetanus that evoked an apical dendritic LTP typically evoked a short hippocampal AD < 15 s in duration. 5. LTP of the basal dendritic population EPSP was readily elicited either after an HF or a PB tetanus of low (1.5-2 times threshold) stimulus intensity. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Work-Related Eye Injury: The Main Cause of Ocular Trauma in Iran

Purpose. Occupational eye injuries are among the major causes of ocular trauma and can cause severe visual impairment, with even minor injuries incurring considerable financial costs due to work absenteeism. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology of eye trauma and the role of occupational injuries at Farabi Eye Hospital, which is the largest eye hospital in Iran. Methods. In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 822 eyes from 768 trauma patients presenting to Farabi Eye Hospital were enrolled in the study. The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System and the United States Eye Injury Registry model were adopted as the basis for the study questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed through in-person interviews and comprehensive ocular examinations. Results. The mean age of ocular trauma patients was 31.11 years, and 685 (89.2%) patients were male. Of all eye injuries, 73.7% were work-related. Only 2.2% of the patients were wearing safety goggles at the time of injury. History of previous eye trauma was positive in 44.3% of cases. An Ocular Trauma Score 3 or more was present in 4% of patients. Conclusions. Work-related eye trauma is the major cause of eye injury in Iran and most often occurs as a result of the lack of proper eye protection. Most work-related eye injury patients are young men.
Intertemporal Substitution in Consumption: A Literature Review

This paper reviews the status quo of the empirical literature about the elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS) in consumption. Aiming to answer the question what the true magnitude of the parameter really is, it discusses several recent advances of the theory and highlights challenges for the estimation. Although the general discussion still seems to be prevailed by Hall's early EIS estimates close to zero, we show that several deviations from the time-additive constant relative risk aversion model speak in favor of considerably higher values. Our treatment is supposed to provide researchers a hint at which parameter is a reasonable and incontrovertible choice for the calibration of models in macroeconomics and finance.
Past suicidal ideation as an independent risk factor for suicide behaviours in patients with depression

Abstract Objectives: As South Korea has the highest incidence of completed suicides, the present study aimed to investigate the predictive power of the variables that have been associated with suicide attempts in Korean patients diagnosed with depression. Methods: Hundred participants were divided into two groups: suicide attempters (31%) and suicide non-attempters (69%). Participants with a history of more than one suicidal attempt were assigned to the suicide attempter group. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive strengths of the variables that were likely to be associated with suicide attempts. Results: After controlling for the effects of such variables as the severity of depressive symptoms, life stress events and impulsivity, the severity of past suicidal ideation was the most important predictive factor for discriminating suicide attempters from suicide non-attempters. The odds ratio for attempting suicide relative to not attempting suicide increased by a factor of 4.408 for each unit of increase in suicidal ideation. Conclusions: The present study suggests that the most severe suicidal ideation throughout one’s entire life should not be overlooked and may be a major predictor of the risk of suicide.
Conformational Transitions of the Cross-linking Domains of Elastin during Self-assembly*

Background: Elastin is a polymeric protein providing extensibility and elastic recoil to tissues. Results: Cross-linking domain structure shifts from random coil to β-strand to α-helix during assembly of elastin matrix. Conclusion: Cross-linking domains have a previously unappreciated structural lability during assembly, which is highly susceptible to mutations of lysine residues. Significance: Identification of conformational transitions in cross-linking domains of elastin during self-assembly is essential for understanding the mechanisms of formation of the elastic matrix. Elastin is the intrinsically disordered polymeric protein imparting the exceptional properties of extension and elastic recoil to the extracellular matrix of most vertebrates. The monomeric precursor of elastin, tropoelastin, as well as polypeptides containing smaller subsets of the tropoelastin sequence, can self-assemble through a colloidal phase separation process called coacervation. Present understanding suggests that self-assembly is promoted by association of hydrophobic domains contained within the tropoelastin sequence, whereas polymerization is achieved by covalent joining of lysine side chains within distinct alanine-rich, α-helical cross-linking domains. In this study, model elastin polypeptides were used to determine the structure of cross-linking domains during the assembly process and the effect of sequence alterations in these domains on assembly and structure. CD temperature melts indicated that partial α-helical structure in cross-linking domains at lower temperatures was absent at physiological temperature. Solid-state NMR demonstrated that β-strand structure of the cross-linking domains dominated in the coacervate state, although α-helix was predominant after subsequent cross-linking of lysine side chains with genipin. Mutation of lysine residues to hydrophobic amino acids, tyrosine or alanine, leads to increased propensity for β-structure and the formation of amyloid-like fibrils, characterized by thioflavin-T binding and transmission electron microscopy. These findings indicate that cross-linking domains are structurally labile during assembly, adapting to changes in their environment and aggregated state. Furthermore, the sequence of cross-linking domains has a dramatic effect on self-assembly properties of elastin-like polypeptides, and the presence of lysine residues in these domains may serve to prevent inappropriate ordered aggregation.
Bone marrow absorbed dose of rhenium-186-HEDP and the relationship with decreased platelet counts.

UNLABELLED Rhenium-186(Sn)-1,1-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (186Re-HEDP) has been used for palliation of metastatic bone pain. The purpose of this study was to find a relationship between the bone marrow absorbed dose and the toxicity, expressed as the percentage decrease in the peripheral blood platelet count. METHODS The bone marrow absorbed dose was calculated according to the MIRD model using data obtained from ten treatments of patients suffering from metastatic prostate cancer; noninvasive and pharmacokinetic methods were used. The bone marrow doses were related to toxicity using the pharmacodynamic sigmoid Emax model. RESULTS The mean bone marrow absorbed doses using the noninvasive and pharmacokinetic methods were in a close range to each other (1.07 mGy/MBq and 1.02 mGy/MBq, respectively). There was a good relationship between the toxicity and the bone marrow absorbed dose (r = 0.80). Furthermore, the EDrm50 (i.e., the bone marrow absorbed dose producing a 50% platelet decrease) to bone marrow for 186Re-HEDP was on the order of 2 Gy. CONCLUSION Although the function of normal bone marrow is affected by metastases in patients with metastatic bone disease, the MIRD model can be used to relate toxicity to the bone marrow absorbed dose after a therapeutic dosage of 186Re-HEDP.
Comparison of ultrasound and the Alvarado score for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

BACKGROUND The Alvarado score assigns a numerical value to eight signs and symptoms associated with acute appendicitis. Practically speaking, the Alvarado score is equivalent to one's degree of clinical suspicion. Ultrasound is used in many institutions to aid in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The following study compares the accuracy of the two modalities and examines the value of using both modalities together. STUDY DESIGN This study is a retrospective review of all patients who underwent appendectomy for presumed acute appendicitis at our institution in 1995. Seventy-five patients had a preoperative ultrasound and all 94 patients received an Alvarado score from a retrospective chart review. RESULTS Ten (10.6%) patients had a normal appendix removed. Ultrasound alone resulted in a correct diagnosis 87% of the time. Using the Alvarado score alone, a correct diagnosis was made 88% of the time. If the ultrasound alone were used for diagnosis, seven acute appendices would have been missed (10% false negatives) and three unnecessary operations would have been performed (4.6% false positives). If the Alvarado score alone were used for diagnosis, four acute appendices would have been missed (5.9% false negatives) and five unnecessary operations would have been performed (7.2% false positives). There were 45 true positives and no false positive results when both modalities were positive for appendicitis. When the Alvarado score was negative or equivocal, the addition of ultrasound decreased the false negative rate by 75%. CONCLUSION When comparing ultrasound to the Alvarado score for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, neither one is significantly advantageous. However, the false positive rate is reduced to zero when both studies are positive and ultrasound improved diagnostic accuracy when the Alvarado score was negative or equivocal. There is no advantage of ultrasound over the Alvarado score for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Ultrasound is unnecessary when one's degree of clinical suspicion is high. However, the additional information provided by ultrasound does improve diagnostic accuracy in the case of a negative or equivocal Alvarado score. Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical abdominal emergency with a lifetime prevalence of approximately one in seven.
Educational Language Planning and Policy in Nebraska: An Historical Overview

Historically, educational language policies have been utilized in order to eradicate, subjugate, and marginalize certain language varieties. Therefore, they have become “instruments of power that influence access to educational and economic resources” (Johnson, 2013, p. 54). More recently, educational language policies have also been used to “develop, maintain, and promote” minoritized languages (p. 54). The role of language policy and planning within educational settings, therefore, should be critically examined. This manuscript features two key components. First, the term language planning and policy will be (re)conceptualized as both a field of inquiry and a social practice involving three core activities (i.e., status planning, corpus planning, and acquisition planning). Next, these concepts will be applied to one context, educational language policies within the state of Nebraska. The historical sociopolitical context of anti-German sentiment will be revealed, featuring a vignette about one German immigrant’s story in particular. Then, Nebraska’s implementation of an English-Only law in 1919 will be discussed, as well as the subsequent Federal Supreme Court Case Meyer v. Nebraska in 1923. Finally, current trends regarding Indigenous, colonial and immigrant heritage languages will be explored, accompanied by a reflection on areas for future research.
Using Computerized Cytomorphometry to Distinguish between Benign and Malignant Cases in Thyroid Fine‐Needle Aspiration Cytology

Only a small number of studies on computerized cytomorphometry have been performed for thyroid FNAC. The present study aimed to determine the usefulness of computerized cytomorphometry methods to further classify thyroid lesions as benign or malignant and to compare the practicability and value of using Papanicolaou (Pap) and Giemsa stains in thyroid FNAC by evaluating their association to various cytologic nuclear parameters.
Effect of Dietary Minerals Supplementation on Growth and Carcass Yield in Broiler Chicken

Poultry industry is now witnessing series of problems such as various disease outbreaks, harsh climatic conditions and high cost of feed. The success of broiler production depends on maximum weight gain within minimum period, hence the poultry industry relies on the application of antibiotics to increase disease resistance. However, this practice has accompanied the prevalence and establishment of antibiotic-resistant species within the human populations (Phillips et al., 2004). Thus appropriate alternatives for antibiotics maintain accessible markets for poultry products (Abdukalykova and RuizFeria, 2006). Minerals play a vital role in various metabolic, enzymatic and biochemical reactions ultimately leading to better growth rate, egg production and feed efficiency and are gaining importance as dietary growth promoters. Thus the current experiment was designed to study the effect of two levels of dietary supplementation of Selenium + Zinc + International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 1414-1419 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
A Generalized Computational Method to Determine Stability of a Multi-inverter Microgrid

Microgrid-containing parallel-connected inverters, where each inverter is controlled by decentralized active power/voltage frequency and reactive power/voltage magnitude droop control laws results in flexible and expandable systems. These systems have been known to have stability problems for large values of active power/voltage frequency droop control gain. However, so far the stability analysis of multi-inverter systems has always been performed in a computationally intensive manner by considering the entire microgrid. In a practical microgrid, where the number of inverters may be large or the capacity of the units may differ, it becomes essential to develop a method by which stability can be examined without much computational burden. The system of differential algebraic equations has been simplified using justifiable assumptions to result in a final expression that allows the stability of the microgrid to be examined separately with respect to the droop control laws of each inverter transformed into an equivalent network. Moreover, the procedure allows taking into consideration the R/X ratio of the interconnecting cables. Analysis of final expressions validate the stability results reported in literature. Experimental results on hardware show the stable operation of the microgrid.
Comparison of Growth, Maturation, and Physical Fitness of Hungarian Urban and Rural Boys and Girls

Abstract The authors present a comparison between urban and rural boys and girls, based on their Hungarian National Growth and Physical Fitness Study, carried out in the whole territory of Hungary. The sample investigated (N=39.035) contained 1.5% of the 3-18 year-old healthy boys and girls in Hungary. The anthropometric programme included 18 body measurements, the physical fitness investigation used a battery of seven tests. Data were collected also about the family background. Urban boys and girls are taller, more robust, and stronger than their rural counterparts. Pubertal growth spurt in urban boys and girls appears about one-and-a-half year earlier, than in rural ones. In width measurements, urban boys and girls usually have higher means than the rural ones. Based on their skinfolds, however, urban boys and rural girls usually have more subcutaneous fat. These differences are the most pronounced during or at the end of puberty. The authors surveyed the different urban and rural socio-economic environmental factors influencing children’s growth and physical fitness and they discuss the possible reasons of these differences.
Sleep deprivation as an experimental model system for psychosis: Effects on smooth pursuit, prosaccades, and antisaccades

Current antipsychotic medications fail to satisfactorily reduce negative and cognitive symptoms and produce many unwanted side effects, necessitating the development of new compounds. Cross-species, experimental behavioural model systems can be valuable to inform the development of such drugs. The aim of the current study was to further test the hypothesis that controlled sleep deprivation is a safe and effective model system for psychosis when combined with oculomotor biomarkers of schizophrenia. Using a randomized counterbalanced within-subjects design, we investigated the effects of 1 night of total sleep deprivation in 32 healthy participants on smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM), prosaccades (PS), antisaccades (AS), and self-ratings of psychosis-like states. Compared with a normal sleep control night, sleep deprivation was associated with reduced SPEM velocity gain, higher saccadic frequency at 0.2 Hz, elevated PS spatial error, and an increase in AS direction errors. Sleep deprivation also increased intra-individual variability of SPEM, PS, and AS measures. In addition, sleep deprivation induced psychosis-like experiences mimicking hallucinations, cognitive disorganization, and negative symptoms, which in turn had moderate associations with AS direction errors. Taken together, sleep deprivation resulted in psychosis-like impairments in SPEM and AS performance. However, diverging somewhat from the schizophrenia literature, sleep deprivation additionally disrupted PS control. Sleep deprivation thus represents a promising but possibly unspecific experimental model that may be helpful to further improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms in the pathophysiology of psychosis and aid the development of antipsychotic and pro-cognitive drugs.
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase from Xenopus laevis--identification, developmental expression and evolution.

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) is an important enzyme in the trans-sulphuration pathway, mediating the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine to adenosine and L-homocysteine. We have identified a cDNA clone from Xenopus laevis, encoding a protein of 433 aa, which is highly conserved with S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolases (Adohcyases) from other species. Expression of Adohcyase mRNA in X.laevis tadpoles is detectable from developmental Stage 27 onwards. Phylogenetic analysis of available Adohcyase sequences indicates that species cluster essentially as predicted from morphological data. Furthermore, we estimate that S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase is evolving very slowly, almost 10 times slower than the average rate.
Methods for introducing morpholinos into the chicken embryo

The use of antisense morpholino oligos to inhibit the translation of a target transcript has been applied recently to studies of the chicken embryo. In contrast to other developmental systems such as in frog, sea urchin, and zebrafish that permit the direct microinjection of morpholinos into a blastomere, square pulse electroporation is used to introduce fluorescently tagged morpholinos into specific populations of chick embryo cells in ovo. This article reviews the methods that have proven successful, the types of controls that are necessary when performing knockdowns of gene expression in the chick embryo, and discusses the limitations of the current technique, as well as directions for further research. Developmental Dynamics 226:000–000, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Facilitating Pervasive Community Policing on the Road with Mobile Roadwatch

We consider community policing on the road with pervasive recording technologies such as dashcams and smartphones where citizens are actively volunteering to capture and report various threats to traffic safety to the police via mobile apps. This kind of novel community policing has recently gained significant popularity in Korea and India. In this work, we identify people's general attitude and concerns toward community policing on the road through an online survey. We then address the major concerns by building a mobile app that supports easy event capture/access, context tagging, and privacy preservation. Our two-week user study (n = 23) showed Roadwatch effectively supported community policing activities on the road. Further, we found that the critical factors for reporting are personal involvement and seriousness of risks, and participants were mainly motivated by their contribution to traffic safety. Finally, we discuss several practical design implications to facilitate community policing on the road.