Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mineral trioxide aggregate as material of choice in endodontic therapy

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a material with broad indications in endodontics. Currently, this material is used for pulp capping, pulpotomy, as apical barrier in teeth with necrotic pulp and open apex, and in the treatment of various root canal perforations. By comparing the biological response of pulp tissue capped with calcium hydroxide and MTA, the superiority of MTA has been indicated. The bridge of hard tissue formed under MTA prevented the irritation of pulp. Histological studies of pulpotomy in dog teeth have shown after 120 days a hard tissue without necrosis formed under MTA. MTA is also the material of choice for retrograde root canal obturation and lateral perforation. Meta analysis of published papers on MTA in recent years indicated the great clinical success of this material which ensured a good canal seal and superior biocompatibility. It is the only material for retrograde root canal obturation that encourages tissue regeneration. Studies have also shown that MTA has inductive and conductive properties for hard tissue as well as the ability to release ions in a liquid medium. The main disadvantage of MTA is related to its color, the presence of iron and mangan ions, the difficulties in maintaining the characteristics of material during time, absence of solvent for this material and the difficulty for its removal after crosslinking.
E-Government and Cost-Effectiveness: E-Taxation in Slovenia

Improving government performance has been a key goal of regulatory reforms. Cost effectiveness, co-operation and bottom-up approach, flexibility, dynamics, responsiveness are important attributes of reforms. Improvements in regulatory performance include targets to reduce administrative burdens, and information technology is one of the tools that could be used for achieving that goal. The paper presents the use of information communication technology (ICT) in government procedures and its impact on the cost-efficiency of government. The research focuses on investment in ICT to simplify tax procedures in Slovenia. Results show that ICT expenditure is higher than cost savings for tax administration and taxpayers. Nevertheless, several non-financial benefits are also important and should be considered.
Distributed Model Predictive Consensus

In this paper we consider the problem of designing a distributed control strategy such that a linear combination of the states of a number of vehicles coincide at a given time. The vehicles are described by linear difference equations and are subject to convex input constraints. It is demonstrated how primal decomposition techniques and incremental subgradient methods allow us to find a solution in which each vehicle performs individual planning of its trajectory and exchanges critical information with neighbors only. We explore various communication, computation, and control structures, and demonstrate the performance of the algorithms by numerical examples.
Local mode behavior in the acetylene bending system

above these energies, the eigenstates are better described in terms of local mode quantum numbers. The local mode behavior in the bend degrees of freedom of acetylene that is described here is in many ways analogous to the local mode behavior that has been observed in the stretching degrees of freedom of many ABA molecules. However, the local mode behavior in the acetylene bend degrees of freedom, because it involves two two-dimensional rather than two one-dimensional vibrational modes, encompasses a richer range of motions. Specifically, in the ‘‘local’’ limit, the bending eigenfunctions are describable in terms of a continuum of motions ranging from local bend ~one hydrogen bending! to counter-rotation ~the two hydrogens executing rotations in opposite directions! © 1999 American Institute of Physics. @S0021-9606~99! 00702-3#
Emotional Experience and Recognition across Menstrual Cycle and in Premenstrual Disorder

The aim of this study was to determine if differences exist in mood and in the recognition of female and male emotional faces among women in different phases of the menstrual cycle, and in women who suffer from Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) in the premenstrual phase. Both the emotional states and the recognition of female and male emotional faces were assessed in women in each phase of the menstrual cycle: post-menstrual, ovulatory, post-ovulatory and premenstrual. Also evaluated was a group of women who presented symptoms of PMDD during the premenstrual phase. Only the women with PMDD showed significant changes in levels of unpleasant emotions and anxiety. Regardless of group, the highest accuracy was observed for recognition of happiness and disgust, followed by surprise and sadness. The lowest level of recognition was seen for fear and anger. In addition, expressions of happiness and surprise were recognized better on female faces, while fearful and angry expressions were recognized better on male faces. Finally, women in the ovulatory phase and those with PMDD showed higher accuracy when recognizing sadness on male faces. These results suggest that only women with PMDD presented important differences in their emotional experience compared to the other groups. Finally, the gender of the emotion emitter was a factor that affected the recognition of emotions, an effect that was seen to interact slightly with the menstrual cycle phase.
Prevalence and association of the laboulbenialean fungus Hesperomyces virescens (Laboulbeniales: Laboulbeniaceae) on coccinellid hosts (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Kentucky, USA

The laboulbenialean fungi occur throughout the world and are closely associated with a range of arthropods, including many coleopteran hosts. Throughout the summer of 2004, coccinellids were collected from a Bluegrass savanna woodland ecosys- tem, dominated by blue ash Fraxinus quadrangulata and Chinkapin Oak Quercus muehlenbergii, and the adults were examined for the presence of Hesperomyces virescens using binocular and scanning electron microscopy. Over 80% of adult Harmonia axyridis, a species previously reported as having a persistent association with the fungus, were infected. No significant differences were observed in incidence on male and female hosts, however, the distribution of fungus differed between sexes. Female H. axyridis had a greater percentage of infection on their elytron compared to other parts of their body whilst male infection was concentrated around their elytra, legs and abdomen. Although infection rates were significantly lower, we report, for the first time, the presence of this fungus on the hosts Cycloneda munda, Brachiacantha quadripunctata and Psyllobora vigintimaculata. This is the first study documenting the incidence of this insect-associated fungus with these native coccinellids of North America. In the samples collected from the Bluegrass savanna, two species (Coleomegilla maculata and Hyperaspis signata) were not infected by this fungus.
The Role of Plastome-Genome Incompatibility and Biparental Plastid Inheritance in Interspecific Hybridization in the Genus Zantedeschia (Araceae)

In most genera combinations of plastomes and genomes function to form normal plants, irrespective of the taxonomical distances between the plastidial genome and the nuclear genome. In some genera plastomes and genomes have co-evolved to such a degree that they can only function within specific combinations. Our aim was to determine plastid inheritance and plastome-genome incompatibility (PGI) among species of Zantedeschia from the section Aestivae. To this end, plastomes and genomes of five taxa (Z. albomaculata subsp. albomaculata, Z. albomaculata subsp. macrocarpa, Z. elliotiana, Z. pentlandii and Z. rehmannii) were combined by interspecific hybridisation. Plastomes were differentiated using plastome specific CAPS-markers. Degrees of plastome-genome incompatibility existed between the hybrid genomes of Z. rehmannii and Z. albomaculata, Z. rehmannii and Z. elliotiana, Z. rehmannii and Z. pentlandii and the plastomes of Z. albomaculata, Z. elliotiana and Z. pentlandii, respectively. The plastome of Z. rehmannii appeared compatible to all tested hybrid genomes in section Aestivae. It was only fully incompatible with the hybrid genome with Z. aethiopica (section Zantedeschia). The plastomes of Z. albomaculata and Z. elliotiana appeared compatible to the hybrid genome of Z. albomaculata and Z. elliotiana. Four plastomes were differentiated among the section Aestivae. Biparental plastid inheritance (3 to 90%) was observed among all crossing combinations, which produced more than 1600 interspecific offspring. Biparental inheritance of plastids thus appeared to be a general phenomenon among interspecific hybrids within the section Aestivae. A literature review shows that biparental plastid inheritance is not uncommon in interspecific hybrids. The genus Zantedeschia shows an unusual wide range of degrees of biparental plastid inheritance that is only recorded in genera that also show plastome-genome incompatibility.
Expression of blood group antigens A and B in pancreas of vertebrates

The biological role of blood group antigens (BGA) A and B in tissues of different vertebrates is still controversial. There are few investigations on vertebrate pancreas and no obvious explanation of their tissue expression. The aim of the present study is to follow and compare the pancreatic expression of BGA A and B in representatives of five vertebrate classes. The biotin-streptavidin-proxidase labeling system was used for immunohistochemical detection of BGA by monoclonal antibodies to human A and B antigens. The present study reveals specific immunoreactivity in acinar and epithelial cells of pancreatic efferent ducts in species free-living vertebrates. The immunoperoxidase staining shows antigenic heterogeneity in the cellular localization. The number of positive cells and the intensity of expression vary in different species. Endothelial cells are positive only in the pancreas of Emys orbicularis. The lack of BGA A and B in some species suggests that the expression of these antigens is dependent not only on the evolutionary level of the species, but mainly on some genetic control mechanisms. The production of BGA A and B and the variability in their cellular localization probably reflect the stage of cell differentiation and the mechanisms of pancreatic secretor function. The presence of histo BGA in endodermal acinar pancreatic cells confirms the assumption for the high antigenic stability and conservatism of these molecules in vertebrate histogenesis and evolution.
SIMULATIONS OF THE LEFT-HANDED MEDIUM USING DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD BASED ON THE HYBRID DOMAINS

Abstract—The increasing interest in electromagnetic effects in the Left-Handed medium (LHM) requires the formulae capable of the full analysis of wave propagation in such materials. First, we develop a novel technique for discretization of the Lorentz medium model. In order to overcome the instability inherent in the standard perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition (ABC), we derive the modified PML ABC which can be extended to truncate the boundary of LHM. Then a convergent high-order accurate scheme based on triangle domains, discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM), is extended to the new DGM based on hybrid domains, triangle domains and quadrilateral domains. Finally, we adopt the new DGM and modified PML formulations to analysis the electromagnetic phenomena in the LHM. The simulation results show accuracy and stability of the proposed scheme.
Determinates of Childhood Pneumonia and Diarrhea with Special Emphasis to Exclusive Breastfeeding in North Achefer District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

Studies showed that exclusive breast feeding reduced infant morbidity and mortality. In low income countries such as Ethiopia where under-five mortality is very high, the role of exclusively breastfeeding could be even more critical. However, studies assessing the place of exclusive breast freeing in the prevention of childhood illnesses in our area are scarce. The aim of the study was to identify determinant factors of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea. An institution based case control study was conducted in Achefer District in July, 2012. The cases were 122 children of 7 - 24 months old who had repeated attack of diarrhoea or pneumonia over three months prior to the survey while controls were 122 children who visited well baby clinic for vaccination. Data were collected by using pre-tested and structured questionnaire, and analysed using SPSS version 16 for windows. Logistic regression was performed, and strength of associations was estimated using odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. About 83% of the controls and only 12.3% of the cases were exclusively breast fed. Children who were exclusively breast fed were 83 times less likely to develop pneumonia or diarrhea than those who were not exclusively fed. Marital status, monthly income, prelacteal feeding, and late initiation of breast feeding were found to have statistically significant association with childhood diarrhea and pneumonia. This study brought local evidence that exclusive breast feeding had a protective effect against common childhood infectious diseases—pneumonia and diarrhoea—in the study area. Therefore, culture sensitive and plausible health education is recommended to strengthen exclusive breast feeding practices in order to decrease mortality and morbidity of infants and children from pneumonia and diarrhoea.
Methane flux, vertical gradient and mixing ratio measurements in a tropical forest

Abstract. Measurements of CH 4 mixing ratio, vertical gradients and turbulent fluxes were carried out in a tropical forest (Reserva Biologica Cuieiras), about 60 km north of Manaus, Brazil. The methane mixing ratio and flux measurements were performed at a height of 53 m (canopy height 35 m). In addition, vertical CH 4 gradients were measured within the canopy using custom made air samplers at levels of 2, 16 and 36 m above ground. The methane gradients within the canopy reveal that there is a continuous methane source at the surface. No clear evidence for aerobic methane emission from the canopy was found. The methane fluxes above the canopy are small but consistently upwards with a maximum early in the morning. The measured fluxes are in agreement with the observed CH 4 gradient in the canopy. In the morning hours, a strong canopy venting peak is observed for both CH 4 and CO 2 , but for CO 2 this peak is then superimposed by photosynthetic uptake, whereas the peak lasts longer for CH 4 . Monthly averaged diurnal cycles of the CH 4 mixing ratio show a decrease during daytime and increase during nighttime. The magnitude of the difference in CH 4 mixing ratio between day and night gradually increases throughout the wet season. The fluxes required to explain the nighttime increase are in agreement with the nighttime fluxes measured above the canopy, which implies that the CH 4 increase in the nighttime boundary layer originates from local sources.
Multiple Job Holding, Skill Diversification, and Mobility

type="main" xml:id="irel12055-abs-0001"> In this article, we investigate the interrelated dynamics of dual jobholding, human capital, occupational choice, and mobility, using a panel sample (1991–2005) of UK employees from the British Household Panel Survey. The evidence suggests that individuals may be using multiple jobholding as a conduit for obtaining new skills and expertise and as a stepping-stone to new careers, also involving self-employment. Individuals doing a different secondary job than their primary occupation are more likely to switch to a new primary job in the next year, and a job that is different than their current primary employment. The results show that there are human capital spillover effects between primary and secondary employment.
Patterns of drug use and drug dispensing in dermatology outpatient prescriptions in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Periodic assessment of drug prescribing and dispensing pattern in a hospital facility shall play a major role in avoiding the inappropriate use of drugs which leads to potential hazards and expenses for the patients.Methods: The objective of the study was to analyse the patterns of drug use and dispensing in dermatology outpatient prescriptions from a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India. Data were collected over a period of one month from patients attending dermatology outpatient department by scrutinizing 100 prescriptions and analyzed using WHO formulated “core drug use indicators” like the format, prescribing pattern and rationality of prescriptions.Results: The total number of drugs prescribed in 100 prescriptions was 233 i.e. on average 2.33 drugs were prescribed per patient. The patient's name and age were mentioned in all the prescriptions while diagnosis, dose, route of administration, dosage form, duration of therapy and prescriber's identity was written in 43.29%, 68.04%, 69.07%, 100%, 49.48% and 63.91% prescriptions respectively. Out of all drugs, 42.91% were generic drugs and 57.08% were from National Essential Drug List of India. Steroids (18.02%) were the most common group of drugs used, followed by keratolytics and emollients (15.87%). Most of the drugs were given by topical route (47.63%). Conclusions: A prescription by a doctor is a reflection of physicians’ attitude towards the disease and the role of drug in its treatment. It also provides an insight into the nature of health care at that facility. Interventions to rectify over proper prescription format and prescription of generic drugs are necessary to further improve rational drug use in this facility.
A Study on Possible Selves of Turkish Pre-Service EFL Teachers

There is no doubt that teaching profession requires passing through a long and challenging path where student teachers/teacher candidates undergo a variety of processes, phases and transformations. Beauchamp and Thomas (2009) point out that examining new teacher identity can be considered as an important step to develop more effective teacher training programmes and identity development of a teacher is related to understanding the notion of ‘self’. This study investigates the possible selves of pre-service EFL teachers in relation to the concept of developing new teacher identity. Aim of the study is to measure possible selves of new teachers that they expect to become and/or fear becoming in the near feature. In order to achieve this goal, ‘New Teacher Possible Selves Questionnaire’ (Hamman, Wang & Burley, 2013; Dalioğlu & Adıgüzel, 2015) was used to measure EFL teacher candidates’ expected and feared teacher possible-selves. A six-point Likert type scale of questionnaire on possible selves was applied to 149 pre-service EFL teachers from two universities. Results indicate that EFL teacher candidates have positive expectations and no certain fears for their first year of teaching, especially female teacher candidates who have higher scores than males in terms of expected possible-selves.
Luminous Starbursts in the Redshift Desert at z~1-2: Star Formation Rates, Masses & Evidence for Outflows

We present a spectroscopic catalogue of 40 luminous starburst galaxies at z=0.7--1.7 (median z=1.3). 19 of these are submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) and 21 are submillimetre-faint radio galaxies (SFRGs). This sample helps to fill in the redshift desert at z=1.2--1.7 in previous studies as well as probing a lower luminosity population of galaxies. Radio fluxes are used to determine star-formation rates for our sample which range from around 50 to 500 M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and are generally lower than those in z$\sim$2 SMGs. We identify nebular [OII] 3727 emission in the rest-UV spectra and use the linewidths to show that SMGs and SFRGs in our sample have larger linewidths and therefore dynamical masses than optically selected star-forming galaxies at similar redshifts. The linewidths are indistinguishable from those measured in the z$\sim$2 SMG populations suggesting little evolution in the dynamical masses of the galaxies between redshift 1--2. [NeV] and [NeIII] emission lines are identified in a subset of the spectra indicating the presence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). In addition, a host of interstellar absorption lines corresponding to transitions of MgII and FeII ions are also detected. These features show up prominently in composite spectra and we use these composites to demonstrate that the absorption lines are present at an average blueshift of $-240\pm$50 kms$^{-1}$ relative to the systemic velocities of the galaxies derived from [OII]. This indicates the presence of large-scale outflowing interstellar gas in these systems (Abridged)
PATIENT'S SAFETY: KNOWLEDGE OF HEALTH STUDENTS ABOUT HAND HYGIENE 1

There are several reasons for the occurrence of infections related to health assistance and its consequences influences the time of treatment and prognosis of the patient. Being the hand hygiene an efficient and economical method to prevent transmission of microorganisms, this study aimed to identify the knowledge of health care students of the Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar) about hand hygiene, within the concept of patient’s safety. Using a quantitative approach method, it was applied 222 structured guides to students of nursing, physiotherapy, occupational therapy and medicine, being the data analyzed using descriptive statistics. From the total of correct answers of the guide, all courses have achieved a score greater than 75%. The fragilities identified in knowledge related to: hand hygiene as a method of protection against acquisition of infections; the use and recommendation of 70% alcohol and detergents formulations; and the recommendation for not using electric dryers. It was observed that the students consolidated basic knowledge on the subject during graduation. However, those fragilities could compromise the security of the patient and professional, being necessary a greater approach on this subject during the academic education.
A classification approach to Walrasian equilibrium with substitutability

In exchange economies with indivisible objects, the substitutability of agents' preferences is essential for the guaranteed existence of Walrasian equilibrium. In this paper, we analyze the ranges of variation for agents' preferences that will guarantee the existence of equilibrium when some agents' preferences are known to satisfy the substitutability condition. Our approach is based on a classification result that partitions the set of economies into disjoint weak similarity classes such that whenever a weak similarity class contains an economy with an equilibrium, each economy in this class also has an equilibrium. The links among economies in the same weak similarity class are established with the notion of monotonization and tax systems.
On Automorphism-Fixed Subgroups of a Free Group

Abstract Let F be a finitely generated free group, and let n denote its rank. A subgroup H of F is said to be automorphism-fixed , or auto-fixed for short, if there exists a set S of automorphisms of F such that H is precisely the set of elements fixed by every element of S ; similarly, H is 1- auto-fixed if there exists a single automorphism of F whose set of fixed elements is precisely H . We show that each auto-fixed subgroup of F is a free factor of a 1-auto-fixed subgroup of F . We show also that if (and only if) n ≥ 3, then there exist free factors of 1-auto-fixed subgroups of F which are not auto-fixed subgroups of F . A 1-auto-fixed subgroup H of F has rank at most n , by the Bestvina–Handel Theorem, and if H has rank exactly n , then H is said to be a maximum-rank 1-auto-fixed subgroup of F , and similarly for auto-fixed subgroups. Hence a maximum-rank auto-fixed subgroup of F is a (maximum-rank) 1-auto-fixed subgroup of F . We further prove that if H is a maximum-rank 1-auto-fixed subgroup of F , then the group of automorphisms of F which fix every element of H is free abelain of rank at most n − 1. All of our results apply also to endomorphisms.