Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What's Love Got to do with it? Marital status and survival of head and neck cancer.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether marital status independently predicts survival in a head and neck cancer (HNC) survivor population. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we analysed data from 460 adult patients (59.31 ± 11.42) years diagnosed with HNC at an academic tertiary referral centre between 1997 and 2012. Cox proportional hazards model estimated the effect of marital status on survival. RESULTS Our study had 73% men, and 82.2% were Whites. We found an association between marital status and HNC survival. Unmarried HNC patients had a 66% increase in hazard of death compared to married patients (aHR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.23-2.23). This was after controlling for sociodemographic variables (age, race, sex and health insurance status), social habits (tobacco and alcohol), primary anatomical subsite (oral cavity, oropharyngeal, laryngeal and others), stage at presentation (early vs. late stage) and treatment modality (surgery, surgery with adjuvant therapies, other single modality therapy and palliative care). CONCLUSIONS Being married confers survival advantage for HNC survivors. Our finding underscores the need to recognise this aspect of survivorship. Social support should be considered part of standard care for managing HNC. There may also be need to develop other support mechanisms, especially for unmarried HNC survivors.
Bone marrow oedema-type signal in the proximal phalanx of Thoroughbred racehorses

This study focused on 8 Thoroughbred racehorses showing bone marrow oedema-type signal in the proximal sagittal groove of the proximal phalanx, with the aim of understanding its clinical significance. Standing magnetic resonance imaging played an important role in assessing osseous abnormalities that were not radiographically identifiable. Further, a histopathological result from one of the cases showed there was oedema surrounding adipose tissues with increase in density of trabecular scaffolding. This may indicate presence of osseous injury within the area of decreased elasticity due to subchondral bone modeling. This study suggests that detection of osseous abnormality based on bone marrow oedema-type signal, and application of appropriate care following injury would contribute to prevent deterioration of stress-related fractures of the proximal phalanx.
The Prefrontal Cortex and Neurological Impairments of Active Thought

&NA; This article reviews the effects of lesions to the frontal cortex on the ability to carry out active thought, namely, to reason, think flexibly, produce strategies, and formulate and realize plans. We discuss how and why relevant neuropsychological studies should be carried out. The relationships between active thought and both intelligence and language are considered. The following basic processes necessary for effective active thought are reviewed: concentration, set switching, inhibiting potentiated responses, and monitoring and checking. Different forms of active thought are then addressed: abstraction, deduction, reasoning in well‐structured and ill‐structured problem spaces, novel strategy generation, and planning. We conclude that neuropsychological findings are valuable for providing information on systems rather than networks, especially information concerning prefrontal lateralization of function. We present a synthesis of the respective roles of the left and right lateral prefrontal cortex in active thought.
Gad1‐promotor‐driven GFP expression in non‐GABAergic neurons of the nucleus endopiriformis in a transgenic mouse line

Transgenic animals have become a widely used model to identify and study specific cell types in whole organs. Promotor‐driven reporter gene labeling of the cells under investigation has promoted experimental efficacy to a large degree. However, rigorous assessment of transgene expression specificity in these animal models is highly recommended to validate cellular identity and to isolate potentially mislabeled cell populations. Here, we report on one such mislabeled neuron population in a widely used transgenic mouse line in which GABAergic somatostatin‐expressing interneurons (SOMpos INs) are labeled by eGFP (so‐called GIN mouse, FVB‐Tg(GadGFP)45704Swn/J). These neurons represent a subpopulation of all SOMpos INs. However, we report here on GFP labeling of non‐GABAergic neurons in the nucleus endopiriformis of this mouse line.
KalmanFlow 2.0: Efficient Video Optical Flow Estimation via Context-Aware Kalman Filtering

Recent studies on optical flow typically focus on the estimation of the single flow field in between a pair of images but pay little attention to the multiple consecutive flow fields in a longer video sequence. In this paper, we propose an efficient video optical flow estimation method by exploiting the temporal coherence and context dynamics under a Kalman filtering system. In this system, pixel’s motion flow is first formulated as a second-order time-variant state vector and then optimally estimated according to the measurement and system noise levels within the system by maximum a posteriori criteria. Specifically, we evaluate the measurement noise according to the flow’s temporal derivative, spatial gradient, and warping error. We determine the system noise based on the similarity of contextual information, which is represented by the compact features learned by pre-trained convolutional neural networks. The context-aware Kalman filtering helps improve the robustness of our method against abrupt change of light and occlusion/dis-occlusion in complicated scenes. The experimental results and analyses on the MPI Sintel, Monkaa, and Driving video datasets demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art approaches.
Barriers to implementing the clinical guideline on borderline personality disorder in the Netherlands.

OBJECTIVE This study determined the gap between actual care and optimal care (recommended in the clinical guideline) for patients with borderline personality disorder in the Netherlands. Factors that affected guideline implementation were identified. METHODS Ten specialized mental health organizations participated in this cross-sectional study. The number and proportion of patients who received optimal diagnosis and treatment were calculated. Focus groups explored implementation barriers. RESULTS Records of 422 patients with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder were analyzed, and 315 records from six organizations contained the necessary data. Across the six organizations, most of these patients received this as an initial diagnosis (median 85%). However, only a minority received psychotherapy as a first-step treatment (median 23%). Capacity problems and organizational barriers were the main barriers to providing psychotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with borderline personality disorder did not receive the recommended first-step treatment (psychotherapy). Care pathways may help improve efficiency and quality of care.
Experimental study on the action of larvicides in Aedes aegypti populations collected in the Brazilian municipality of Itabuna, Bahia, under simulated field conditions*

Objective: to evaluate, under simulated field conditions, the efficacy of pyriproxyfen (juvenile hormone), novaluron (chitin inhibitor) and spinosad (biolarvicide) in controlling Aedes aegypti. Methods: periodic exposition of Ae. aegypti larvae collected in Itabuna, BA, Brazil, to recipients treated with larvicides and comparison of residual effect of treatment with the Rockefeller strain. Results: the inhibitory effect on adult emergence after 60 days was spinosad 89.5%, novaluron 96.5% and pyriproxifen 75.4% for Itabuna larvae, with no statistical difference (p=0.412) between treatments; spinosad and novaluron had a higher percentage of mortality in the larval stage, 98.8% and 97.9% respectively; pyriproxyfen showed higher mortality (95.1%) in the pupal stage. Conclusion: the three larvicides demonstrated similar control; however, pyriprofyxen might give a false impression of breeding ground positivity as it acts at the pupal stage, compromising the indicators of infestation that are strategic parameters for control actions.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the PEER-U scale

ABSTRACT Background: Antenatal care is necessary for mother and infant by reducing or eliminating the risks which may occur in the antenatal and postnatal period. Ultrasound is one of the most commonly used examination methods in antenatal monitoring. Evaluating the expectations, experiences and reactions of both parents during routine ultrasound examinations is essential to provide the best antenatal care. Objective: This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the PEER-U scale developed for Sweden by Ekelin et al. Method: The PEER-U scale consists of before and after ultrasound scales. Four hundred and thirty-six parents participated in the study. Interviews were conducted with all participating parents in a private room 15 minutes before and five minutes after the ultrasound. Researchers analysed the PEER-U scale for language, content, construct, criterion-referenced validity and internal consistency reliability. Results: The Turkish version of PEER-U has 21 items in the before ultrasound scale and 21 items in the after ultrasound scale. Cronbach's alpha was 0.65 for the before ultrasound scale and 0.89 for the after ultrasound scale. Conclusion: The study determined that the Turkish version of the PEER-U scale is a valid and reliable scale for Turkish society.
Bupropion, Alone and in Combination with Naltrexone, Blunts Binge‐Like Ethanol Drinking and Intake Following Chronic Intermittent Access to Ethanol in Male C57BL/6J Mice

BACKGROUND Regular binge drinking is associated with numerous adverse consequences, yet the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved only 4 medications for the treatment of alcohol use disorders, and none have been specifically targeted for treating binge drinking. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of the dopamine/norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor, bupropion (BUP), alone and in combination with naltrexone (NAL), to reduce binge-like and chronic ethanol (EtOH) intake in mice. While BUP is an FDA-approved drug that is currently used to treat depression and nicotine dependence, there has been only limited investigation to assess the ability of BUP to reduce EtOH intake. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were tested with 20% (v/v) EtOH using "drinking in the dark" (DID) procedures to model binge-like EtOH intake and following intermittent access to EtOH (IAE). In Experiment 1, mice were given intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0, 20, or 40 mg/kg BUP 30 minutes before DID testing; in Experiment 2, mice were given i.p. injection of vehicle, BUP (20 mg/kg), NAL (3 mg/kg), or BUP + NAL (20 and 3 mg/kg, respectively) 30 minutes before DID testing; and in Experiment 3, mice were given i.p. injection of 0, 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg BUP 30 minutes before EtOH access after mice had 16 weeks of IAE. RESULTS BUP dose dependently blunted EtOH intake with DID procedures and after 16 weeks of IAE. Administration of subthreshold doses of BUP + NAL also reduced binge-like EtOH intake. Finally, BUP failed to reduce consumption of a 3% (w/v) sucrose solution. CONCLUSIONS BUP, alone and in combination with NAL, may represent a novel approach to treating binge EtOH intake. We are currently assessing the efficacy of BUP to curb binge drinking in a phase II clinical trial experiment.
Nondisplaced fractures on hip CT: added value of dual-energy CT virtual non-calcium imaging for detection of bone marrow edema using visual and quantitative analyses

Background Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) virtual non-calcium (VNCa) imaging can demonstrate bone marrow edema. Purpose To evaluate the added value of DECT VNCa imaging for detection of non-displaced fractures on hip CT and to determine the attenuation value cut-off to identify bone marrow edema around fractures. Material and Methods We identified 35 patients who underwent DECT due to suspicion of a non-displaced fracture of the proximal femur or pelvic bone. Twenty-seven non-displaced fractures were present in 24 patients, while 11 patients had no fractures. Radiological, clinical follow-up, or surgical record was the standard of reference. Two radiologists visually interpreted CT images in two sessions: one with bone reconstruction images only and one with bone reconstruction images and VNCa images. Diagnostic performances were compared between the two reading sessions. Quantitative analyses of CT numbers on VNCa images were performed and a cut-off value was obtained through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results In the visual analysis, area under the curve, sensitivity, and negative predictive value were improved in the second session with VNCa images for both readers. In the quantitative analysis, a cut-off value of –55.3 HU yielded 100% sensitivity, 94% specificity, 95.4% accuracy, 69.0% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value for detection of non-displaced fractures. Conclusion Visual and quantitative analyses of VNCa images may be useful in detection of non-displaced fractures in the proximal femur and in pelvic bones.
Relationships of Microbial Quality of Retail Meat Samples and Sanitary Conditions 1.

A sanitation profile scoring form for evaluating sanitation in retail food stores was designed. The profile was tested in 10 Oregon retail markets to evaluate its ability to reflect sanitary conditions. At the time of inspection, samples of meat processed in-store were purchased for microbiological analysis to explore the feasibility of bacterial quality as a measurement of sanitary conditions. Microbiological tests performed included total aerobic plate count (A PC), coliform, Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Clostridium perfringens , and Salmonella . Certain deficiencies were noted in the profile designed; however, it provides a means for objective, uniform measurement of sanitary conditions. Data show no correlation exists between microbiological quality of products processed in the store and total store profile sanitary conditions. Fifty percent of the products sampled exceeded bacterial load guidelines currently enforced in Oregon. These "high" counts appear to be directly related to poor temperature control.
Laboratory and Greenhouse Evaluation of a Granular Formulation of Beauveria bassiana for Control of Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis

Western flower thrips (WFT) is one of the most important pests of horticultural crops worldwide because it can damage many different crops and transmit various plant viruses. Given these significant impacts on plant production, novel methodologies are required to maximize regulation of WFT to minimize crop losses. One particular approach is to develop control strategies for the non-feeding, soil-dwelling stages of WFT. Control of these stages could be enhanced through the use of granules impregnated with entomopathogenic fungi mixed in the soil. The use of soil-applied fungi contrasts with existing approaches in which entomopathogenic fungi are formulated as oil-based suspensions or water-based wettable powders for foliar applications against the feeding stages of WFT. To examine the efficacy of this approach, we evaluated the effects of a granular formulation of Beauveria bassiana on the soil-dwelling, pupal phases of Frankliniella occidentalis in laboratory bioassays and greenhouse experiments. Based on micromorphological observations of fungal conidia during the infection process after treatment of WFT with a B. bassiana suspension, fungal conidia complete the process of surface attachment, germination, and penetration of the body wall of the WFT pupa and enter the host within 60 h of treatment. Given these results, we undertook a controlled greenhouse experiment and applied B. bassiana granules to soil used to cultivate eggplants. Populations of F. occidentalis on eggplants grown in treated soil were 70% lower than those on plants grown in the untreated soil after 8 weeks. Furthermore, when measuring the survival and growth of B. bassiana on granules under different soil moisture conditions, survival was greatest when the soil moisture content was kept at 20%. These results indicate that the application of B. bassiana-impregnated granules could prove to be an effective biological control strategy for use against F. occidentalis under greenhouse conditions.
Effectiveness of Approaches to Increase Physical Activity Behavior to Prevent Chronic Disease in Adults: A Brief Commentary

Effective behavior change approaches are necessary to help individuals avoid or mitigate risk factors, engage in behavioral patterns that lead to better health, and consequently, prevent several chronic diseases. Physical inactivity is considered one of the most harmful risk factors for chronic medical conditions, and although different strategies are used to tackle this behavior, not all of them lead to the expected or desired results. This brief commentary examines recent approaches aimed at physical activity behavior change. We find that a combination of strategies focusing on streamlining the access to physical activity seems to be more effective than individual approaches, in order to increase physical activity engagement to prevent chronic diseases in adults.
Inhibition of mTOR Suppresses UVB-Induced Keratinocyte Proliferation and Survival

UV radiation is the major risk factor for developing skin cancer, the most prevalent cancer worldwide. Several studies indicate that mTOR signaling is activated by UVB and may play an important role in skin tumorigenesis. mTOR exists in two functionally and compositionally distinct protein complexes: the rapamycin-sensitive mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and the rapamycin-resistant mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The purpose of these studies was to investigate the roles of the two mTOR complexes in UVB-mediated proliferation and apoptosis in the skin. We used rapamycin, a pharmacologic inhibitor of mTORC1, and an inducible mTOR-deficient (K5-CreERT2;mTORfl/fl) mouse model that allows epidermal-specific disruption of mTOR following topical treatment with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT). Rapamycin blocked UVB-induced phosphorylation of S6K, the downstream target of mTORC1, and significantly reduced UVB-stimulated epidermal proliferation and cell-cycle progression, but had no effect on cell death. In contrast, mTOR deletion, which attenuated UVB-induced phosphorylation of both S6K and the mTORC2 target AKTSer473, significantly increased apoptosis both in vivo and in keratinocyte cultures, in addition to reducing hyperproliferation following UVB irradiation. The role of mTORC2 in UVB-induced prosurvival signaling was verified in Rictor−/− mouse embryo fibroblasts, which lack functional mTORC2 and were more sensitive to UVB-induced apoptosis than controls. These studies show that mTORC1 and mTORC2 play unique but complementary roles in controlling proliferation and apoptosis in the skin. Our findings underscore the importance of both mTOR complexes in mediating UVB-induced signaling in keratinocytes and provide new insight into the pathogenesis of skin cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 5(12); 1394–404. ©2012 AACR.
Trauma and posttraumatic stress symptoms predict alcohol and other drug consequence trajectories in the first year of college.

OBJECTIVE College matriculation begins a period of transition into adulthood, one that is marked by new freedoms and responsibilities. This transition also is marked by an escalation in heavy drinking and other drug use as well as a variety of use-related negative consequences. Trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may affect alcohol and drug problems and, thus, may be a point of intervention. Yet, no studies have examined trauma, PTSD, and alcohol and drug problem associations during this developmental period. The present study provides such an examination. METHOD Matriculating college students (N = 997) completed surveys in September (Time 1) and at 5 subsequent time points (Time 2-Time 6) over their 1st year of college. With latent growth analysis, trajectories of alcohol- and drug-related consequences were modeled to examine how trauma (No Criterion A Trauma, Criterion A Only, No PTSD Symptoms) and PTSD (partial or full) symptom status predicted these trajectories. RESULTS Results showed substantial risk for alcohol- and other drug-related negative consequences that is conferred by the presence of PTSD at matriculation. Those with both partial and full PTSD started the year with more alcohol and drug consequences. These individuals showed a steeper decrease in consequences in the 1st semester, which leveled off as the year progressed. Both alcohol and drug consequences remained higher for those in the PTSD group throughout the academic year. Hyperarousal symptoms showed unique effects on substance consequence trajectories. Risk patterns were consistent for both partial and full PTSD symptom presentations. Trajectories did not vary by gender. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that offer support and resources to students entering college with PTSD may help to ameliorate problem substance use and may ultimately facilitate a stronger transition into college and beyond.
Prepartum and Postpartum Open-Field Behavior and Maternal Responsiveness in Mice Bidirectionally Selected for Open-Field Thigmotaxis

The authors examined pre- and postpartum open-field (OF) behavior and maternal responsiveness in mice that they bidirectionally selected for OF thigmotaxis. The authors tested 40 female mice under 3 conditions: prepartum OF, postpartum OF, and a pup retrieval test. In both OF conditions, the high OF thigmotaxis (HOFT) mice were more thigmotactic but explored and reared less than the low OF thigmotaxis (LOFT) mice, indicating that the HOFT mice were more emotional. In the postpartum condition, the HOFT mothers also defecated more and ambulated less than the LOFT mothers. The increase in grooming after parturition was more conspicuous among the LOFT mothers than among the HOFT mothers. The LOFT mothers were also more attracted to their pups in the OF, but the retrieval test did not show any substantial line differences. The results suggested that the line difference in emotionality was more pronounced during lactation than during pregnancy, although parturition exerted no effect on thigmotaxis.
Using a Psychopharmacogenetic Approach To Identify the Pathways Through Which—and the People for Whom—Testosterone Promotes Aggression

Little is known about the neurobiological pathways through which testosterone promotes aggression or about the people in whom this effect is observed. Using a psychopharmacogenetic approach, we found that testosterone increases aggression in men (N = 308) with select personality profiles and that these effects are further enhanced among those with fewer cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene, a polymorphism associated with increased AR efficiency. Testosterone’s effects were rapid (~30 min after administration) and mediated, in part, by subjective reward associated with aggression. Testosterone thus appears to promote human aggression through an AR-related mechanism and to have stronger effects in men with the select personality profiles because it more strongly upregulates the subjective pleasure they derive from aggression. Given other evidence that testosterone regulates reward through dopaminergic pathways, and that the sensitivity of such pathways is enhanced among individuals with the personality profiles we identified, our findings may also implicate dopaminergic processes in testosterone’s heterogeneous effects on aggression.