Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of redox-active molecules and their signaling functions during the expression of plant disease resistance.

SIGNIFICANCE Activation of immune responses in plants is associated with a parallel burst of both reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) and nitric oxide (NO). The mechanisms by which these small redox-active molecules are synthesized and their signaling functions are critical for plants to defend themselves against pathogen infection. RECENT ADVANCES The synthesis of apoplastic ROIs by plants after pathogen recognition has long been attributed to membrane-bound NAPDH oxidases. However, the emerging data suggest a role for other enzymes in various subcellular locations in ROI production after defense activation. It is becoming widely appreciated that NO exerts its biochemical function through the S-nitrosylation of reactive cysteine thiols on target proteins, constituting a key post-translational modification. Recent evidence suggests that S-nitrosylation of specific defense-related proteins regulates their activity. CRITICAL ISSUES The source(s) of NO production after pathogen recognition remain(s) poorly understood. Some NO synthesis can be attributed to the activity of nitrate reductase but to date, no nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been identified in higher plants. However, the signaling functions of S-nitrosylation are becoming more apparent and thus dissecting the molecular machinery underpinning this redox-based modification is vital to further our understanding of plant disease resistance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In addition to identifying new contributors to the oxidative burst, the discovery of an NOS in higher plants would significantly move the field forward. Since S-nitrosylation has now been confirmed to play various roles in immune signaling, this redox-based modification is a potential target to exploit for improving disease resistance in crop species.
The role of disclosure quality in financial reporting

Great emphasis has been put on the quality and importance of financial information disclosure in the theoretical foundations of accounting. This research focuses on the role of disclosure quality in financial reporting. The main reason behind choosing this subject was the criticality of financial information disclosure in the current world of trading. The current research is descriptive-scientific in nature and uses library research methods. In this research, we reviewed the quality and definitions of disclosure, discussed mandatory and voluntary disclosure, disclosure levels, and disclosure audience, and at the end, reviewed and determined the relationship between the quality of disclosure and characteristics such as information asymmetry, profit management, capital expenditure, and corporate size. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Обычная таблица"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
Functional annotations improve the predictive score of human disease‐related mutations in proteins

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the simplest and most frequent form of human DNA variation, also valuable as genetic markers of disease susceptibility. The most investigated SNPs are missense mutations resulting in residue substitutions in the protein. Here we propose SNPs&GO, an accurate method that, starting from a protein sequence, can predict whether a mutation is disease related or not by exploiting the protein functional annotation. The scoring efficiency of SNPs&GO is as high as 82%, with a Matthews correlation coefficient equal to 0.63 over a wide set of annotated nonsynonymous mutations in proteins, including 16,330 disease‐related and 17,432 neutral polymorphisms. SNPs&GO collects in unique framework information derived from protein sequence, evolutionary information, and function as encoded in the Gene Ontology terms, and outperforms other available predictive methods. Hum Mutat 30:1–8, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
U.S. Federal Climate Policy and Competitiveness Concerns: The Limits and Options of International Trade Law

One of the major obstacles toward mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions in the United States is the impact of such limits on the international competitiveness of US firms. Limits on greenhouse gas emissions -- be they in the form of regulation, a carbon tax or a capand-trade system1 – may impose extra costs on US industries. Where foreign firms do not bear similar costs, US firms may lose their competitive edge. In particular, with a US climate policy in place, goods from countries without mandatory carbon restrictions – such as China, Brazil or India – may gain a price advantage over US goods. It is exactly this asymmetry that led the US Senate to reject the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement that covers 55 per cent of global emissions but does not require emission cuts from developing countries. The competitiveness impact of US climate policy may play out both at home (on the US market) and abroad (on world markets). It can be particularly acute for energy-intensive manufacturers such as the iron and steel, aluminum, cement, glass, chemicals and pulp and paper industries.
Comparison of the effects of two different formulas of fluids in craniotomy patients

Background: Intraoperative fluid management of the patients who had undergone neurosurgery presents special challenges for the anesthesiologist. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of two fluid combinations (half-normal + bicarbonate with saline + Ringer′s lactate) on brain relaxation, and acid, base, and hemodynamic balance in patients undergoing elective craniotomy surgery. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial study was done on 50 patients, of age 20-60 years, undergoing craniotomy in Alzahra Hospital in 2012. They were divided in two groups of 25 patients each. In the control group, after the patients received hypertonic saline, normal saline serum and Ringer′s lactate was administered, and in the half-normal study group, 80 ml of sodium bicarbonate for every liter of it was added. Arterial blood gas (ABG) was taken before the last suture. Brain relaxation before dura opening was registered. Results: There was no significant difference in heart rate changes (P = 0.054). No significant difference was observed in the mean arterial pressure between the two groups (P = 0.99). Changes in pH, HCO3, and BE were not significantly different (P = 0.99) between the two groups. Urine output in half-normal saline group was significantly higher than in normal saline group. The mean bleeding volume was higher in normal saline group, but was not significantly different (P = 0.54). The mean volume of injected blood was higher in half-normal group with a significant difference (P = 0.54). The injected blood volume mean in half-normal group was higher with no significant difference (P = 0.55). The mean of brain relaxation was not different (P = 0.5). Conclusion: These two fluids did not show any significant differences in the studied variables in this research.
The Possible Effects on Bereavement of Assisted After-Death Communication during Readings with Psychic Mediums: A Continuing Bonds Perspective

Unresolved, complicated, prolonged, or traumatic grief can have detrimental effects on mental and/or physical health. The effects of traditional grief counseling, with its focus on the client's acceptance of separation and integration of loss, are unclear. Within the model of continuing bonds, however, grief resolution includes an ongoing relationship between the living and the deceased. Spontaneous and induced experiences of after-death communication (ADC) have been shown to be beneficial in the resolution of grief by demonstrating these continued bonds. Presently, many bereaved individuals are experiencing assisted ADCs by receiving readings from psychic mediums and though little is known about the effects of this selfprescribed treatment option, anecdotal reports and exploratory data posit a positive outcome. This article aims to inform those who work with the bereaved about the relationships between grief, spontaneous, induced, and assisted ADC experiences, and the continuing bonds paradigm. Suggestions for future research are also included.
Contemporary Trends in Brazilian Human Resource Management Studies over the Last Decade (2001-2010)

In seeking to detail what is new in the lesser-known field of Brazilian Human Resource Management (HRM) research, this study analyzes 136 recent Brazilian HRM articles over the last decade from 2001 until 2010. Findings reveal that contemporary Brazilian HRM research contains: a wide range of HRM topics; the isomorphic use of some Western HRM themes; and case-based, descriptive methodologies using non-probability sampling. While the number of recently published Brazilian HRM studies has increased, such research seems ripe for further empirical and theoretical development. Our contributions to knowledge lie in: surfacing and classifying recent Brazilian HRM research trends and identifying potentially fruitful areas for future research. Implications for practitioners include the need to attract and retain expert staff, to use more localized pay and reward systems, and to assess the usefulness of HR interventions in the public sector.
Diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disability: United States, 2004-2006.

OBJECTIVES This report presents national estimates of the prevalence of diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disability (LD) in U.S. children 6-17 years of age and describes the prevalence of these conditions for children with selected characteristics. The use of educational and health care services and the prevalence of other health conditions are contrasted for children with ADHD without LD, LD without ADHD, both conditions, and neither condition. METHODS Estimates are based on data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an ongoing national household survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. The analysis focuses on 23,051 children 6-17 years of age in the child sample of the 2004, 2005, and 2006 NHIS. RESULTS About 5% of children had ADHD without LD, 5% had LD without ADHD, and 4% had both conditions. Boys were more likely than girls to have each of the diagnoses (ADHD without LD, LD without ADHD, and both conditions). Children 12-17 years of age were more likely than children 6-11 years of age to have each of the diagnoses. Hispanic children were less likely than non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black children to have ADHD (with and without LD). Children with Medicaid coverage were more likely than uninsured children and privately insured children to have each of the diagnoses. Children with each of the diagnoses were more likely than children with neither ADHD nor LD to have other health conditions. Children with ADHD were more likely than children without ADHD to have contact with a mental health professional, use prescription medication, and have frequent health care visits. Children with LD were more likely than children without LD to use special education services.
Does Corporate Performance Improve after Mergers?

We examine the post-acquisition operating performance of merged firms using a sample of the 50 largest mergers between U.S. public industrial firms completed in the period 1979 to 1983. The results indicate that merged firms have significant improvement in asset productivity relative to their industries after the merger, leading to higher post-merger operating cash flow returns. Sample firms maintain their capital expenditure and R&D rates relative to their industries after the merger, indicating that merged firms do not reduce their long-term investments. There is a strong positive relation between postmerger increases in operating cash flows and abnormal stock returns at merger announcements, indicating that expectations of economic improvements underlie the equity revaluations of the merging firms.
Pleural mesothelioma and occupational coexposure to asbestos, mineral wool, and silica.

RATIONALE Occupational coexposure to asbestos and other fibers or particles could modify the carcinogenicity of asbestos with regard to pleural mesothelioma. OBJECTIVES To estimate associations between pleural mesothelioma and occupational mineral wool and silica exposure and to study the impact of occupational coexposure on the risk of pleural mesothelioma. METHODS A total of 1,199 male cases and 2,379 control subjects were included in a French pooled case-control study. Complete job histories were collected, and occupational exposure to asbestos, mineral wool (MW), and silica were assessed by three French job exposure matrices. Unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, birth date, and occupational asbestos exposure were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A significant association between mesothelioma and MW exposure was observed after adjustment for occupational asbestos exposure. OR for subjects exposed to less than 0.01 fibers·ml(-1)·yr(-1) was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2-2.1) and increased to 2.5 (95% CI, 1.8-3.4) for subjects exposed to more than 0.32 fibers·ml(-1)·yr(-1). All ORs for silica exposure were around the null. Coexposure to either asbestos and MW or asbestos and silica seemed to increase the risk of pleural mesothelioma. ORs were 17.6 (95% CI, 11.8-26.2) and 9.8 (95% CI, 4.2-23.2) for subjects exposed to both asbestos and MW and for subjects exposed to both asbestos and silica, respectively, compared with 4.3 (95% CI, 1.9-9.8) for occupational asbestos exposure alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results are in favor of an increased risk of pleural mesothelioma for subjects exposed to both asbestos and MW or asbestos and silica.
The Journey so far on Internal Audit Effectiveness: A Calling for Expansion

TInternal audit effectiveness has become a fruitful topic over the decade; this is because of the impor- tant roles play by the internal auditors in organizational survival and achievement. Most of the organizations whether public or private has established internal audit department with the mind of enjoying the benefit behind the internal audit service. Therefore, in line with this, the aim of this paper is to present the journey so far on internal audit effectiveness right from the period of 2000- 2013 with a calling for more research to be conducted on internal audit effectiveness so that to add on the existing literature on internal audit effectiveness particularly in the public sectors like local government level. It’s a conceptual paper.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Mediates Ca2+-induced Platelet α-Granule Secretion

To understand the molecular basis of granule release from platelets, we examined the role of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) in α-granule secretion. Streptolysin O-permeabilized platelets synthesized PtdIns(4,5)P2 when incubated in the presence of ATP. Incubation of streptolysin O-permeabilized platelets with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C reduced PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels and resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of Ca2+-induced α-granule secretion. Exogenously added PtdIns(4,5)P2inhibited α-granule secretion, with 80% inhibition at 50 μm PtdIns(4,5)P2. Nanomolar concentrations of wortmannin, 33.3 μm LY294002, and antibodies directed against PtdIns 3-kinase did not inhibit Ca2+-induced α-granule secretion, suggesting that PtdIns 3-kinase is not involved in α-granule secretion. However, micromolar concentrations of wortmannin inhibited both PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis and α-granule secretion by ∼50%. Antibodies directed against type II phosphatidylinositol-phosphate kinase (phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase) also inhibited both PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis and Ca2+-induced α-granule secretion by ∼50%. These antibodies inhibited α-granule secretion only when added prior to ATP exposure and not when added following ATP exposure, prior to Ca2+-mediated triggering. The inhibitory effects of micromolar wortmannin and anti-type II phosphatidylinositol-phosphate kinase antibodies were additive. These results show that PtdIns(4,5)P2 mediates platelet α-granule secretion and that PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis required for Ca2+-induced α-granule secretion involves the type II phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase-dependent pathway.
Scientific identity in top journals of services marketing: review and evaluation

Purpose – The objective of the paper is to describe the “scientific identity” of the “top” journals in services marketing by reviewing and evaluating the methodological approaches and the geographical affiliations of authors published in selected journals. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of “top” journals in services marketing is selected on the basis of expert opinion. The selection includes the International Journal of Service Industry Management (IJSIM), the Journal of Services Marketing (JSM), the Journal of Service Research (JSR), Managing Service Quality (MSQ), and the Service Industries Journal (SIJ). The review and evaluation considers all papers (a total of 1,107) published in these journals over a six-year period from 2000 to 2005. The papers are categorized and the geographical affiliations of the authors are noted. The compiled results are analyzed for patterns that reveal the “scientific identity” of each of the selected journals. Findings – The “scientific identities” of JSM and JSR are revealed as being built upon quantitative research designs and the North American paradigm of research values. MSQ and SIJ are found to be largely based upon a mix of empirical research designs and the European paradigm of research values. IJSIM is found to be based on a mix of empirical research designs and a mix of European and North American research values. However, no journal is found to be narrowly focused, and the variety of “scientific identities” among the journals studied here bodes well for ongoing scientific enquiry in services marketing. Research limitations/implications – Further studies of the “scientific identity” of individual research journals are required in other sub-disciplines of marketing. Practical implications – Scholars will benefit from insights into the “scientific identities” of the “top” journals in services marketing. In particular, scholars can note the particular features of individual journals while acknowledging the paradigmatic flexibility and richness of research designs that are present in all of these journals. Originality/value – This is the first review and evaluation of the “scientific identity” of “top” service-marketing journals in terms of categories of papers published and geographical affiliation of published authors. The study provides valuable insights into the nature of academic publishing in the burgeoning area of services marketing.
Succession of Indigenous Pseudomonas spp. and Actinomycetes on Barley Roots Affected by the Antagonistic StrainPseudomonas fluorescens DR54 and the Fungicide Imazalil

ABSTRACT In recent years, the interest in the use of bacteria for biological control of plant-pathogenic fungi has increased. We studied the possible side effects of coating barley seeds with the antagonistic strain Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54 or a commercial fungicide, imazalil. This was done by monitoring the number of indigenous Pseudomonas organisms and actinomycetes on barley roots during growth in soil, harvest after 50 days, and subsequent decomposition. Bacteria were enumerated by traditional plate spreading on Gould's S1 agar (Pseudomonas) and as filamentous colonies on Winogradsky agar (actinomycetes) and by two quantitative competitive PCR assays. For this we developed an assay targeting Streptomyces and closely related genera. DR54 constituted more than 75% of thePseudomonas population at the root base during the first 21 days but decreased to less than 10% at day 50. DR54 was not successful in colonizing root tips. Initially, DR54 affected the number of indigenous Pseudomonas organisms negatively, whereas imazalil affected Pseudomonas numbers positively, but the effects were transient. Although plate counts were considerably lower than the number of DNA copies, the two methods correlated well for Pseudomonas during plant growth, but after plant harvest Pseudomonas-specific DNA copy numbers decreased while plate counts were in the same magnitude as before. Hence,Pseudomonas was 10-fold more culturable in a decomposition environment than in the rhizosphere. The abundance of actinomycetes was unaffected by DR54 or imazalil amendments, and CFU and quantitative PCR results correlated throughout the experiment. The abundance of actinomycetes increased gradually, mostly in numbers of DNA copies, confirming their role in colonizing old roots.
Prolonged survival of mouse skin allografts in recipients treated with donor splenocytes and antibody to CD40 ligand.

Combined treatment with antibody against CD40 ligand and one transfusion of donor splenocytes prolonged survival of fully mismatched BALB/c skin allografts on C57BL/6 recipients, with approximately 20% of grafts surviving > 100 days. In vitro alloresponsiveness in treated animals was reduced in the immediate post-transplantation period, but by day 100 was increased despite the presence of a successful allograft. The presence of alloreactivity on day 100 was confirmed in vivo by adoptive transfer, which suggests that our protocol had induced either a state of "split tolerance" or "graft accommodation. " Mice with skin grafts that had survived for > or = 100 days revealed no evidence of lymphoid chimerism. Treatment with donor splenocytes and antibody against CD40 ligand permits long-term survival of highly antigenic donor skin allografts despite the presence of functionally intact alloreactive lymphocytes.
Technologies to support cultural tourism for Latin Latium

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show the validity of the advanced technologies of computer science and propose the outline of a technological infrastructure to promote, develop, and exploit cultural tourism, taking the territory of Latin Latium as a local system.Design/methodology/approach – Semantic web technologies offering intelligent integration of information about the region and heritage of Latin Latium are used. The information includes all kinds of cultural heritage, from bibliographic items to industrial assets, or prehistoric excavations in this region. A cultural heritage ontology has to be designed, constructed, fed, and exploited in order to achieve this aim. A methodology for the ontology population and exploitation for other regions of Italy or even outside Italy is proposed. The network of skills and knowledge thus created, provides features of interest for other types of users, such as experts, scholars, and students, in addition to acting on the cultural tourism market.Findings.