Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Recognition of Human Daily Motion with Smartphone Sensor

Aiming at problems regarding the recognition of motion states by existing smartphones, such as poor real-time performance, less movement category and complex algorithm, this paper proposes a method of using smartphone sensors to recognize six kinds of real time human movement states. Firstly, daily human movement data is acquired through smartphone acceleration sensors and gravitational acceleration sensors, and original data is handled with correction, smoothing, segmentation and direction-independent processing. Secondly, the footsteps identification algorithm is used to calculate peaks and troughs of footsteps from which the time-domain feature vectors are extracted. Finally, the movement states are classified according to feature vectors, and the Hierarchical Support Machines (HSVMs) is used to recognize daily movement states. Experimental results show this method can effectively reduce the computational load of smartphones and improve real-time performance and accuracy of movement states recognition. This method is suitable for other similar behavior recognitions.
Pressure-controlled cavity expansion in clay

Experimental studies and numerical simulation of experiments were conducted on pressure-controlled cavity expansion in clay. The modified Cam-clay model was used to describe the clay behaviour. The experimental data are in good agreement with the simulation results, indicating that the adopted numerical simulation procedure is a plausible and reliable technique to study the fundamental behaviour of pressure-controlled cavity expansion. A new parameter, cavity aspect ratio (CAR), was defined to better describe the cavity shape. Different phenomena during the cavity ex- pansion process are thus studied numerically, and the results are presented in this paper.
‘They're battle scars, I wear them well’: a phenomenological exploration of young women's experiences of building resilience following adversity in adolescence

This phenomenological study explored young women's accounts of building resilience following chains of adverse life experiences in adolescence. Six participants were interviewed, aged 20–25 years. Most had, or were receiving, a university education. They described their recovery from adversity as starting with certain pivotal moments, followed by both short-term and longer-term strategies. Short-term strategies tended to offer respite from distress and emotional comfort, increased clarity about their experiences and social affirmation. Recovery involved gaining new perspectives on their adverse situation and recovering a positive self-image through three longer-term strategies. These involved making visible progress in their education, rebuilding relationships with family and friends, and participating in the ‘normalizing’ activities and developmental projects of adolescence. Participants believed that they were stronger and more compassionate although positive achievements co-existed with some regrets. Most perceived the adversity as catalyzing personal growth. These accounts of resilience revealed the complex psychosocial processes and resources available to some adolescents.
Supersymmetry with light dark matter confronting the recent CDMS and LHC results

We revisit MSSM scenarios with light neutralino as a dark matter candidate in view of the latest LHC and dark matter direct and indirect detection experiments. We show that scenarios with a very light neutralino (~ 10 GeV) and a scalar bottom quark close in mass, can satisfy all the available constraints from LEP, Tevatron, LHC, flavour and low energy experiments and provide solutions in agreement with the bulk of dark matter direct detection experiments, and in particular with the recent CDMS results.
HIghMass–HIGH H i MASS, H i-RICH GALAXIES AT z ∼ 0 SAMPLE DEFINITION, OPTICAL AND Hα IMAGING, AND STAR FORMATION PROPERTIES

We present first results of the study of a set of exceptional H i sources identified in the 40% ALFALFA extragalactic H i survey catalog α. 40 as both being H i massive () and having high gas fractions for their stellar masses: the HIghMass galaxy sample. We analyze UV- and optical-broadband and Hα images to understand the nature of their relatively underluminous disks in optical and to test whether their high gas fractions can be tracked to higher dark matter halo spin parameters or late gas accretion. Estimates of their star formation rates (SFRs) based on spectral energy distribution fitting agree within uncertainties with the Hα luminosity inferred current massive SFRs. The H ii region luminosity functions, parameterized as dN/dlog L∝Lα, have standard slopes at the luminous end (α ∼ −1). The global SFRs demonstrate that the HIghMass galaxies exhibit active ongoing star formation (SF) with moderate SF efficiency but, relative to normal spirals, a lower integrated SFR in the past. Because the SF activity in these systems is spread throughout their extended disks, they have overall lower SFR surface densities and lower surface brightness in the optical bands. Relative to normal disk galaxies, the majority of HIghMass galaxies have higher Hα equivalent widths and are bluer in their outer disks, implying an inside-out disk growth scenario. Downbending double exponential disks are more frequent than upbending disks among the gas-rich galaxies, suggesting that SF thresholds exist in the downbending disks, probably as a result of concentrated gas distribution.
The Impact of Being Offered and Receiving Classroom Training on the Employment Histories of Disadvantaged Women: Evidence from Experimental Data

We address two questions using experimental data on disadvantaged women. First, what is the impact of being offered JTPA classroom training on the duration of unemployment and employment? Second, what is the effect of actually participating in this training on the length of such spells? Belonging to the treatment group shortens unemployment spells but has no effect on employment spells. Actually participating in training has a larger positive effect on the exit rate from unemployment than the effect of simply being a member of the treatment group. Ignoring the endogeneity of actual training in estimation substantially underestimates its effect.
A Mixture Multiplicative Error Model for Realized Volatility

A multiplicative error model with time-varying parameters and an error term following a mixture of gamma distributions is introduced. The model is fitted to the daily realized volatility series of deutschemark/dollar and yen/dollar returns and is shown to capture the conditional distribution of these variables better than the commonly used autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average model. The forecasting performance of the new model is found to be, in general, superior to that of the set of volatility models recently considered by Andersen et al. (2003, Econometrica 71, 579--625) for the same data. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.
adaptation Criteria Grid Best Practices and Interventions for the Prevention and Awareness of Hepatitis C

Part B YES NO N/A COMMENTS Is the best practice/intervention a meta-analysis or primary research? Please go to Comments section. Review article: utilize scientific evidence to determine the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and HBV/HCV infection to provide practical conclusions for clinicians to diagnose and treat patients with IBD The best practice/intervention shows evidence of “scale up” ability
“Superconductor-Insulator Transition” in a Single Josephson Junction

VI-curves of resistively shunted single Josephson junctions with different capacitances and tunneling resistances are found to display a crossover between two types of VI-curves: one without and another with a resistance bump (negative second derivative) at zero-bias. The crossover corresponds to the dissipative phase transition (superconductor-insulator transition) at which macroscopic quantum tunneling delocalizes the Josephson phase and destroys superconductivity. Our measured phase diagram does not agree with the diagram predicted by the original theory, but does coincide with a theory that takes into account the accuracy of voltage measurements and thermal fluctuations.
Time-stable boundary conditions for finite-difference schemes solving hyperbolic systems: methodology and application to high-order compact schemes

Abstract We present a systematic method for constructing boundary conditions (numerical and physical) of the required accuracy, for compact (Pade-like) high-order finite-difference schemes for hyperbolic systems. First a proper summation-by-parts formula is found for the approximate derivative, A "simultaneous approximation term" is then introduced to treat the boundary conditions. This procedure leads to time-stable schemes even in the system case. An explicit construction of the fourth-order compact case is given. Numerical studies are presented to verify the efficacy of the approach.
Understanding public knowledge and attitudes toward controlling hemlock woolly adelgid on public forests

Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) (Adelges tsugae), an exotic forest pest, has infested millions of acres of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forest from Georgia to Maine. Hemlock mortality has been linked to a loss in esthetics, declines in trout habitat, and an increase in safety hazards in public forests. Available options to control HWA vary in terms of cost and environmental impact. As infestations occur often on public lands, which are popular recreation destinations, understanding public knowledge of and attitudes toward HWA control options will be important to any successful control program. Household survey results indicate public support for combating HWA, but public awareness of control options and of HWA in general is low. Survey respondents revealed concerns related to increased risk of wildfire, safety, and reduced quality of recreation but were less concerned with property value reduction or loss of trees on private land. Spraying oil and soap on branches and injecting insecticides into tree trunks were preferred to chemical soil treatments or releasing nonnative predatory beetles. Both siteand user group-specific differences in acceptability were observed for alternative control options, suggesting a need for careful selection of control options, depending on site characteristics and user populations.
Rotational excitation with pointwise vibrational wave functions

Finite element methods, particularly the discrete variable representation (DVR), have proved very successful for calculations on highly excited vibrational states. A procedure is given for calculating the corresponding rotationally excited states for triatomic molecules represented by either scattering (Jacobi) or Radau coordinates. By exploiting the quadrature approximation and the transformation between DVR and basis function representations, this procedure greatly simplifies the calculation of the Coriolis coupling matrix elements. The computational expense of the calculation is thus dominated by that of the underlying vibrational problem. Test results are presented for the benchmark molecules H2S, H2O and H3+.
Effect of Prophylactic Bromfenac 0 . 07 % on Cystoid Macular Edema Assessed using Optical Coherence Tomography Quantification of Total Macular Volume after Cataract Surgery

Materials and Methods: This open-label non-masked randomized (random number assignment) study comprised 100 eyes. Exclusion criteria Included hypersensitivity to the NSAID drug class, aspirin/NSAID-induced asthma, and pregnancy in the third trimester. Bromfenac 0.07%was administered starting 1 day before surgery and for 28 days after surgery for a total of 30 days. The outcome measure was macular swelling, which was quantified by the optical coherence tomography.
Electrostatic discharge protection design for mixed-voltage CMOS I/O buffers

A new electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit, using the stacked-nMOS triggered silicon controlled rectifier (SNTSCR) as the ESD clamp device, is designed to protect the mixed-voltage I/O buffers of CMOS ICs. The new proposed ESD protection circuit, which combines the stacked-nMOS structure with the gate-coupling circuit technique into the SCR device, is fully compatible to general CMOS processes without causing the gate-oxide reliability problem. Without using the thick gate oxide, the experimental results in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process have proven that the human-body-model ESD level of the mixed-voltage I/O buffer can be successfully increased from the original /spl sim/2 kV to >8 kV by using this proposed ESD protection circuit.
Accounting for graded structure in adjective categories with valence-based opposition relationships

In contrast to noun categories, little is known about the graded structure of adjective categories. In this study, we investigated whether adjective categories show a similar graded structure and what determines this structure. The results show that adjective categories like nouns exhibit a reliable graded structure. Similar to nouns, we investigated whether similarity is the main determinant of the graded structure. We derived a low-dimensional similarity representation for adjective categories and found that valence differences in adjectives constitute an important organising principle in this similarity space. Valence was not implicated in the categories' graded structure, however. A formal similarity-based model using exemplars accounted for the graded structure by effectively discarding the valence differences between adjectives in the similarity representation through dimensional weighting. Our results generalise similarity-based accounts of graded structure and highlight a closely knit relationship between adjectives and nouns on a representational level.
A randomised, controlled trial of conventional versus automated weaning from mechanical ventilation using SmartcareTM/PS

Objective: Preliminary assessment of an automated weaning system (SmartCare TM /PS) compared to usual management of weaning from mechanical ventilation performed in the absence of formal protocols. Design and setting: A randomised, controlled pilot study in one Australian intensive care unit. Patients: A total of 102 patients were equally divided between SmartCare/PS and Control. Interven-tions: The automated system titrated pressure support, conducted a spontaneous breathing trial and provided notiﬁcation of success (‘‘separation potential’’). Measure-ments and results: The median time from the ﬁrst identiﬁed point of suit-ability for weaning commencement to the state of ‘‘separation potential’’ using SmartCare/PS was 20 h (inter-quartile range, IQR, 2–40) compared to 8 h (IQR 2–43) with Control (log-rank P = 0.3). The median time to successful extubation was 43 h (IQR 6–169) using SmartCare/PS and 40 (14–87) with Control (log-rank P = 0.6). Unadjusted, the estimated probability of reaching ‘‘separation potential’’ was 21% lower (95% CI, 48% lower to 20% greater) with SmartCare/PS compared to Control. Adjusted for other covariates (age, gender, APACHE II, SOFAmax, neuromuscular blockade, corticoste-roids, coma and elevated blood glucose), these estimates were 31% lower (95% CI, 56% lower to 9% greater) with SmartCare/PS. The study groups showed comparable rates of reintubation, non-invasive ventilation post-extubation, tracheostomy, sedation, neuromuscular blockade and use of corticosteroids. Conclusions: Substantial reductions in weaning duration were not conﬁrmed when was to managed by experienced critical care specialty nurses, using a 1:1 nurse-to-patient ratio. The effect of SmartCare/PS may be inﬂuenced by the local clinical organisational context.
A Kinetic Study on Acid Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers Using a Microwave Reactor System

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is the most major agricultural byproduct in Malaysia, which can be used to produce various chemical feedstocks. Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials including EFB fibers involves very complex mechanisms. In this study, EFB fibers were hydrolyzed using a microwave reactor under different reaction conditions (concentration of sulfuric acid and temperature). A series of first-order reaction models was used to develop the kinetic study of the acid hydrolysis of EFB fibers. The hydrolysis kinetics of the main intermediates, such as sugars (glucose and xylose), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), levulinic acid (LA), and acetic acid, was found to be dependent on temperature and acid concentration. The highest yields of xylose, glucose, 5-HMF, LA, and acetic acid are 11.21 g/L, 10.03 g/L, 0.50 g/L, 9.27 g/L, and 4.36 g/L, respectively. These kinetic parameters provide useful information and basic data for the practical use of EFB fibers to produce fine chemicals.
Child development in a changing world: Risks and opportunities

This review explores current understandings of child development and the consequences for children of risk exposure in low- and middle-income countries by integrating empirical evidence from development economics with insights from allied social science disciplines. It provides a holistic perspective that highlights the synergies between children's developmental domains, drawing particular attention to dimensions such as self-efficacy, self-esteem and aspirations, which have had only limited treatment in the economics literature to date, especially in developing countries. It concludes that there is strong evidence of dynamic relationships between risk factors in early childhood and later outcomes across multiple developmental domains, emphasizing the heightened effect of shocks to the care environment and the cumulative effect of multiple shocks. It also concludes that risk is distributed unevenly, with children who are both in poverty and disadvantaged socially according to, for example, their ethnicity bearing the greatest burden; within a household, gender, birth order and other factors mean that some suffer disproportionately from shortfalls and incomplete protection. However, this review finds that low endowments in early childhood can be at least partially compensated for through improved environments and investments in later childhood, emphasizing the resilience of some children. The review goes on to explore the impact on children of dramatic socio-economic changes that have occurred in recent years with rapid growth across most developing countries. It highlights four key forces for change—fall in absolute poverty, increased access to services, changing household incentives for investing in children, and changing social and cultural values—and stresses the ambiguous effects on the welfare of children and their long-term prospects. In so doing, the review aims to consolidate emerging evidence on how risks and opportunities for child development may have changed in these dynamic contexts.
Hot and cool: two emission-line stars with constrasting behaviours in the same XMM-Newton field

High-energy emissions are good indicators of peculiar behaviours in stars. We have therefore obtained an XMM-Newton observation of HD 155806 and 1RXS J171502.4-333344, and derived their spectral properties for the first time. The X-ray spectrum of HD 155806 appears soft, even slightly softer than usual for O-type stars (as shown by a comparison with the 09 star HD 155889 in the same XMM-Newton field). It is well-fitted with a two-component thermal model with low temperatures (0.2 and 0.6 keV), and it shows no overluminosity (log[L X /L BOL ] = -6.75). The high-resolution spectrum, though noisy, reveals a few broad, symmetric X-ray lines (FWHM ~ 2500 km s -1 ). The X-ray emission is compatible with the wind-shock model and therefore appears unaffected by the putative dense equatorial regions at the origin of the Oe classification. 1RXS J171502.4-333344 is a nearby flaring source of moderate X-ray luminosity (log[L X /L BOL ] = -3), with a soft thermal spectrum composed of narrow lines and presenting a larger abundance of elements (e.g. Ne) with a high first ionization potential (FIP) compared to lower-FIP elements. All the evidence indicates a coronal origin for the X-ray emission, in agreement with the dMe classification of this source.
Socio-Economic Impact of Informal Financial Sector and Inclusive Growth: Empirical Evidence from North Central-Nigeria

The paper examines the socio-economic impact of informal financial sector and inclusive growth in north central ¨CNigeria. The notion behind inclusive growth entails analysis how employment opportunities arise and change with growth process with time. Economic growth can be accompanied by an increase in informal sector employment. Informal financial sector may support growth by reducing cost of borrowing, collateral, bureaucratic process and improving competitiveness. However, a well-functioning and regulated informal financial economy will be a critical prerequisite to achieve sustainable growth in north central-Nigeria. And also, a widespread informal financial sector with regard to employment, enterprise, and productive activities is frequently perceived as a barrier to full participation in the economy and as a hindrance to long-run economic development and poverty alleviation in this region. This is because the link between, informal financial sector, growth and inclusiveness is not fully understood. Inclusive growth has been defined as growth that takes place in a context in which economic opportunities-including employment opportunities expand, the poori¯s access to these opportunities improves, and inequalities are reduced. This paper seeks to investigate the socio-economic impact of informal financial sector activities, inclusivenessi¯ and economic growth in north central - Nigeria. A systematic random sampling method was used to collect data from 500 informal financial sector operators in Abuja, kogi and Niger states. A multivariate panel logit model statistic was used to analyze the data in order to identify the perception of socio-economic impact of Informal financial sectors on economic growth in north central- Nigeria. The findings revealed that informal sector operators has a positive and significant impact on growth in the region; while poverty-mentality, illiteracy, high inflation, low infrastructure, access to credit, social safety nets and information dissemination are the major problems encountered by these institutions. The paper recommends among other things the education of the rural poor to embark on viable projects, infrastructural development and favorable government policies so as to regulate the sector becomes relevant.
Inventory of continuous and discrete distributions provided in actuar

R includes functions to compute the probability density function (pdf) or the probability mass function (pmf), the cumulative distribution function (cdf) and the quantile function, as well as functions to generate variates from a fair number of continuous and discrete distributions. For some root foo, the support functions are named dfoo, pfoo, qfoo and rfoo, respectively. Package actuar provides d, p, q and r functions for a large number of continuous distributions useful for loss severity modeling; for phase-type distributions used in computation of ruin probabilities; for zero-truncated and zero-modified extensions of the discrete distributions commonly used in loss frequency modeling; for the heavy tailed Poisson-inverse Gaussian discrete distribution. The package also introduces support functions to compute raw moments, limited moments and the moment generating function (when it exists) of continuous distributions.