Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Population That Acquires Antihypertensive Drugs in a Neighborhood of Santiago de Cali

Pharmacological treatment of hypertensive patients can be purchased in drugstores neighborhood, however in this way self-medication may be situations that can lead to irrational use thereof. The aim of this study was to characterize the population acquires antihypertensive medication in a group of drugstores in a neighborhood in Santiago de Cali. The sample size was calculated using the formula of proportions through Epidat software version 4. Was developed a survey with questions demographic and related to the use and knowledge of antihypertensives, which was applied users who just bought these medicines in drugstores. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, choosing models that show overall significance (p <0.05) and each of the independent variables (p <0.05) and its confidence interval 95% . The drug plus acquired by the respondents was the losartan. Most respondents claim not to have recommended taking these drugs to others, ignoring the adverse effects and have no medical formula to purchasing. Most stated that when purchasing these drugs without a prescription do it to save time and money. Multivariate analysis found association between adverse reactions to these drugs with recommending these medications and submit medical formula, besides to recommend these medications was found also associated with education to primary and male gender. Belonging to the subsidized regime associated with it the doctor who suggests these drugs, known adverse reactions and have up to Primary. For its part belong to the contributory scheme was associated with suggest antihypertensive and knowing adverse reactions.
Percutaneous ethanol injection efficacy in benign thyroid nodules: a descriptive retrospective study

Results: Of the 167 treated nodules in the study, initial nodule volume was 10.14 ± 12.32 mL, median number of injections was 5 times with total ethanol volume injected 0.99 ± 0.54 mL per mL nodule volume. Percentage volume reduction was 66.67 ± 32.19 % at the median time of 14 months follow-up. Overall, 80 % of treated nodules achieved > 50 % volume reduction. The mean volume reduction in this group was 79.61 %. In the subgroup of solid thyroid nodule (65 nodules), the mean volume reduction was 58.73 ± 35.33 %. In the subgroup of cystic thyroid (8 nodules), the mean volume reduction was 92.38 ± 6.57 %. In the subgroup of mixed solid-cystic nodule (44 nodules), the mean volume reduction was 67.35 ± 35.18 %. In the subgroup of multinodular goiters (50 nodules), the mean volume reduction was 72.27 ± 23.76 %. Only two patients developed temporary vocal cord paresis. No permanent or serious complications were experienced. Conclusion: PEI proved to be a safe and effective therapeutic procedure for patients with benign thyroid nodules. Recurrent thyroid cysts could be also managed with this treatment.
Managing Special Needs in the Primary School

The Code of Practice on the Identification and Assessment of Special Educational Needs has significantly changed the way in which schools assess and provide for pupils with special needs. The various chapters of the book cover: * recent legislation * the needs of children with different types of special needs * school policy and the whole school approach * approaches to the National Curriculum * possible ways of organising for special educational needs * the role of the special needs co-ordinator * the role of the class teacher * assessment and record keeping * working with parents * staff development * support services Written with the needs of primary school teachers and heads in mind, this book addresses the implications which the Code of Practice has for primary schools, focusing in particular on these issues from the management point of view.
Einfluss der DRGs auf Arbeitsbedingungen und Versorgungsqualität von Pflegekräften im Krankenhaus: Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten schriftlichen Befragung repräsentativer Stichproben von Pflegekräften an Akutkrankenhäusern in den Jahren 2003, 2006 und 2008

Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Braun, B. , Klinke, S. , Müller, R. , & Rosenbrock, R. (2011). Einfluss der DRGs auf Arbeitsbedingungen und Versorgungsqualität von Pflegekräften im Krankenhaus: Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten schriftlichen Befragung repräsentativer Stichproben von Pflegekräften an Akutkrankenhäusern in den Jahren 2003, 2006 und 2008. (artecpaper, 173). Bremen: Universität Bremen, Forschungszentrum Nachhaltigkeit (artec). https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-375444
Autonomic function in epilepsy

Autonomic function may help to localize and manage the epilepsies. It is likely that the mechanisms of Sudden Unexpected death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) involve autonomic disturbance and a better understanding of these might lead to measures that would help reduce the mortality in patients afflicted with epilepsy. In this thesis, I first provide a comprehensive literature review of the association between epilepsy and the autonomic nervous system. I then evaluate heart rate variability and other cardiac and endocrine parameters as indices of cardiac autonomic function to test three hypothesis; 1) Changes in heart rate variability (HRV), can occur in the peri-ictal period during both (a) subclinical electrographic seizures and (b) clinically overt partial seizures, and can help to localise and lateralise the ictal discharge. 2) Intractable epilepsy can disrupt the heart rate variability and its circadian rhythm. 3) Epileptic seizures affect the serum concentration of the catecholamines and the electrolytes and that these changes could impact on the corrected QT interval. Subjects (n=207) with intractable epilepsy who were being evaluated with video-EEG telemetry for epilepsy surgery were recruited for this study. I found that subclinical seizures have no effect on the HRV. However, in overt partial seizures, HRV decreases, corrected QT is prolonged and plasma catecholamines increases. The reduction in HRV during seizures is not affected by the hemispheric or lobar location of the epileptic focus. However, in the interictal period, reduced HRV differs in left vs. right hemisphere, and in temporal vs. extratemporal areas. The diurnal pattern of HRV is not altered in epilepsy and the mean day HRV were significantly different from mean night HRV. The reduction in HRV is also associated with the following clinical factors: prolonged medical history of epilepsy, the cortical pathology itself, the nature of the seizures, higher seizure frequency and the antiepileptic drug treatment. The plasma electrolytes: Na, K+, Ca2+ and cardiac troponin are not affected after a seizure. However, plasma Mg2+ was seen to increase after a seizure. These abnormalities in autonomic control, particularly the reduction in HRV might be one contributory mechanism of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP).
The characterisation and identification of body fluid proteins for forensic purposes.

Advances in DNA technology have led to the extremely sensitive and rapid analysis methods used in forensic science. It can often be crucial to a criminal case to unequivocally identify the body fluid source of DNA. This is of particular importance in rape cases where the defence may argue that the source of a female DNA profile might be from a casual touch or from saliva. In this study, proteomics has been employed in an attempt to identify potential biomarkers that are specific to a range of body fluids. Many publications cite the use of proteomics to identify biomarkers of disease such as cancer. In these reports, diseased and healthy tissues or tissues that have been treated or not treated with a drug are compared and the expressed proteins are compared by 2D electrophoresis. Human body fluids differ in function, composition and protein expression. Proteomics therefore seemed an ideal application to isolate the proteins that are characteristic of and specific to, different fluid types. Both saliva and vaginal fluid proteomic methodologies were optimised for sample preparation, IPG strip pH range and protein load, and post-electrophoretic staining. Seventeen isolated protein spots from saliva and vaginal fluid samples were submitted for LC-MS/MS analysis. Nine saliva spots and eleven vaginal spots were identified as known proteins on the MASCOT database. Of those thought to be specific to saliva or vaginal fluid six candidate biomarkers were tested further against a panel of body fluids for specificity using ELISA or Dot Blot. Zinc-I±-2 glycoprotein (ZA2G) was detected and present in all body fluid samples thus could be used as a human body fluid positive control in a future assay. SCC (Squamous cell carcinoma) ELISA was capable of distinguishing samples of vaginal origin by detection of SCCA (Squamous cell carcinoma antigen). This antigen could be used in conjunction with a menstrual blood marker to distinguish between vaginal fluid and menstrual blood. Antibody specificity was a limiting factor in the success of the dot blots performed and hence the analysis of Cystatin SA, Cystatin SN and SERPIN B1 was inconclusive.
Cardiovascular risk factors: associations with physical activity, health-related physical fitness, and diet in Azorean adolescents

XVII List of Abbreviations . XIX List of Publications . XXI General Introduction. 23 1.Theorical Background . 29 2.Experimental Work . 63 Paper I . 67 Paper II . 77 Paper III . 85 Paper IV . 95 3.Overall Discussion. 105 4. Conclusions. 115 5.References. 119
Corporate Board Attributes and Firm Performance of Publicly Traded Manufacturing Companies in Bangladesh

The study examines the effects of corporate board attributes on firm financial performance of publicly traded manufacturing companies in Bangladesh in the light of ‘comply or explain’ based on Corporate Governance Notifications (CGN) 2006 and ‘mandatory’ CGN 2012 of Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC). BSEC makes the CGN mandatory in 2012 to ensure good governance at firm level. The regression results show that the revised CG guidelines are not capable of influencing firm performance measured by ROA but when performance is measured using Tobin’s Q, the revised guidelines are somewhat effective. We did not find any prior study in corporate governance literature that focuses on the effects of revised CGN 2012 on firm performance. This study is a pioneering research and it has led to an academic debate on the effectiveness of mandatory CG guidelines on corporate attributes and hence firm performance. Keywords: Corporate Board Attributes, Firm Performance, Corporate Governance DOI : 10.7176/RJFA/10-16-12 Publication date : August 31 st 2019
Duration of Sudden Stop Spells: A Hazard Model Approach

Using a hazard&#8208;based duration model, we analyze the determinants of the duration of a period of sudden stop, which is defined as a drop in capital inflow by two standard deviations, for at least two consecutive quarters. The hazard model estimates the conditional probability that the country exits the sudden stop today given that it experienced one until the end of last period. We find that a higher ratio of foreign exchange reserves to short&#8208;term external debt shortens the duration of sudden stops. We also find that a higher global economic growth rate tends to shorten sudden stop spells. Our results are robust to various alternative specifications.
Individual, Pair and Group Writing Activity: A Case Study of Undergraduate EFL Student Writing

The present study aimed to compare between individual and collaborative writing (pair and group of four) activities of 72 EFL students. The subjects of the study were assigned to produce their tasks by these three activities. Qualitative method was employed by using interview of nine students drawn from students with different levels of English proficiency (low, fair and high). It was focused on their perspectives towards skills practiced during working on written tasks: writing, thinking, participation, communication as well as their satisfaction of these activities. The results from content analysis demonstrated that overall the students practiced participation skills when doing individual and pair work. The students practiced writing skills when joining group work. With regard to the students’ satisfaction, low proficiency students in low group were likely to enjoy coauthoring activity either pair or group work. Their satisfaction seemed to increase according to the number of group members. This is important for writing teachers to provide this activity for low proficiency students as this may lower the students’ anxiety and foster their self-confidence, compared with completing tasks individually. On the contrary high proficiency students seemed to enjoy writing alone and were fairly satisfied group work. These students were likely to be more confident when performing the tasks individually or experienced some problems that might impede working collaboratively.
The Winner's Curse and Public Information in Common Value Auctions: Comment

In common value auction experiments, individual judgment errors significantly alter market outcomes relative to standard economic formulations. Experienced bidders show sensitivity to the strategic considerations underlying the auction but not to item valuation considerations. Nash equilibrium models accurately characterize auctions with small numbers of bidders_(3-4). However, auctions with large numbers_(6-7) produce more aggressive bidding, resulting in negative profits, the winner's curse. Public informationreducing value uncertainty raises seller's revenues in the absence of a winner's curse, but reduces revenue in its presence. Similarities between laboratory and field data from outer continental shelf lease sales are discussed.
Mental disorders and consanguinity comparison of first-cousin marriages and matched unrelated marriages

Mental disorders have long been known to run in families. How and why has still not been agreed upon. However, most psychiatrists probably agree that there is no unitary cause, either environmental or hereditary, for the common mental disorders. In each case a number of etiological factors are at work to a variable extent, social, psychological, biochemical and pathophysiological. These include hereditary mechanism, such as predisposition which under certain stress (Rosenthal 1970) can result in a disease. The present paper is intended to give some additional data for the further discussion of the issues involved. It is a part of a larger study of first-cousin marriages and their children. The purpose of this larger study is to investigate various genetic markers among these families as well as their fertility, morbidity and mortality. Here the occurrence of mental disorders in these families will be analyzed and compared with that in the general population. If recessive hereditary traits are involved in the etiology of mental disorders an increased frequence should be expected among children of such families.
Dietary Fatty Acids and Cancer

In this review, the influence of dietary fat on the development of cancer is discussed. In epidemiological studies, a relationship between dietary fat and breast cancer has been found in correlational studies, but prospective studies do not support a role for dietary fat. Prospective epidemiological studies examining the role of dietary fat in the development of colon, pancreatic, and prostate cancers have produced conflicting results. The Women’s Health Initiative intervention studies did not show any statistically significant effects of dietary fat on the development of either colon or breast cancer in women. In experimental studies, dietary fat generally enhances chemically-induced skin, liver, pancreatic, and mammary carcinogenesis, whereas conflicting results have been observed in colon carcinogenesis. Dietary fat appears to act primarily during the promotional stage of carcinogenesis in all of these models except the liver, where the effect of dietary fat is primarily on initiation.
Racial Group Differences in School-Based Health and Social Services: An Exploration of the Role of Referral Routines

Given persistent racial disparities in access to health and social services, scholars and advocates have long argued that intensive school-based support programs are a critical condition for the success of disadvantaged students of color. Yet surprisingly little is known about the actual dynamics of service use across by race in educational settings. Data from school health programs in a large and diverse urban school district (n= 6,696 students served across 15 sites) indicate that the provision of services in schools improves access for many historically underserved groups of youth. However, racial disproportionalities observed in students' use of psychosocial interventions warranted further investigation. Drawing on institutional theory and research from special education, this study used archival, administrative, and survey data to examine racial group differences in service utilization and their relationship to school staff members' referral practices. Using multilevel modeling techniques, analyses of racial group differences in service use (n=8,466 students, 15 schools) remained significant after controlling for students' risk taking behaviors and demographic covariates. Black, Latino, Pacific Islander and Multiracial youth were all more likely to access their school health program than White or Asian youth. Referrals by teachers, administrators and school counselors were significantly associated with service use for Black and Pacific Islander youth only. Multinomial regression analyses of referral data (n= 690 referrals, 3 schools) revealed that school staff members were also more likely to refer Black and Pacific Islander students for emotional concerns. In contrast, they were more likely to refer Asian and White youth for social or relational issues, and Latino youth for substance abuse. This study is the first of its kind to examine the role of referrals in students' use of school health programs.
Adherence to the use of insecticide-treated bed nets by Nigerian children

Objectives: Misperceptions about the cause, transmission, symptoms, and treatment of malaria can have a negative impact on the success and sustainability of malaria control programs. This study evaluates the distribution of knowledge in the different domains of cause, transmission, risk perception, symptoms, and treatment of malaria. It also assesses the association between a caregiver’s correct malaria knowledge and ownership and use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) to protect children. Methods: 1,939 caregivers of young children were recruited through a random school-based survey in two states (Lagos and Oyo) of Nigeria. The self-administered questionnaire had 20 questions on the cause, transmission, prevention, symptoms, and treatment of malaria, which were used to create a malaria knowledge score for each caregiver. Data was also collected on ITN ownership and use during the week before the survey. Caregivers with a score greater than or equal to the 95 percentile score were compared to caregivers with lower scores.
The Role Of Strategic Orientation In Export Performance Of China Automobile Industry

During the last four years, the China automobile industry experienced a 49% drop in sales in the domestic and international markets. Company owners and the Government of China are exploring factors which could help them overcome the issues relating to sale, reputation, and brand image. Nonetheless, the investigation of company export performance factors in the automobile sector of China has largely been ignored. However, authors of this chapter conducted a literature review on factors of firm export performance. Therefore, the conceptual framework has found the factors of firm export performance such as total quality management (TQM), entrepreneurial orientation (EO), export market orientation (EMO), and brand orientation (BO) based on resource-based theory. This research believes that the proposed factors can increase the firm export performance of China automobile industry. The future studies should validate the proposed research framework empirically in the context of the Chinese automobile industry.
Public Policy Issues in Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs

In August 1997, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a reinterpretation of its rules on direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising, the effect of which was to permit branded broadcast advertisements and therefore to increase the volume of DTC advertising several-fold. A substantial body of research, consisting primarily of consumer surveys, provides the basis for a preliminary assessment of the effects of DTC advertisements. The FDA's own assessment, that DTC advertisements can provide substantial benefits and do not appear to cause substantial harm, is consistent with survey and other data. Direct-to-consumer advertisements appear to provide valuable information (including risk information); induce information-seeking (mainly from physicians); prompt patients to discuss conditions not previously discussed; and generate significant, positive externalities including the possibility of improved patient compliance with drug therapy. The effects of DTC advertisements on drug consumption and on health care have yet to be assessed. The author suggests that a further relaxation of FDA rules would accelerate the dissemination of valuable information, with favorable consequences for drug development and consumer health.
Determinants of trust and business performance: the case of tuna fishery industry in Semporna, Sabah.

Buyer and seller relationship has been one of prominent issues of discussion especially in an emerging country’s economy. In many ways, both parties interact with each other and over time will create long term relationships which may benefit them. This study focuses on the dynamic of trust between the fisherman (seller) and their buyer and the relationship of trust towards business performance. A total of 98 hook and line tuna fisherman in Mabul Island, Semporna were interviewed using guided-completion questionnaires. The data collected was tested using SmartPLS. The study reveals that communication was the strongest variable influencing trust followed by price satisfaction, interdependency and information sharing. On the same note, cultural similarities and flexibility were found non-significant towards trust. The study also found that trust has no direct influence towards business performance. From a managerial perspective, in order to be successful, channel members need to develop, maintain and seek improvements on communication, information sharing, interdependency and price satisfaction variables within the supply chain. It will be beneficial for members in the value chain to adopt the usage of information technology gadgets to boost communication and information sharing within the industry thus strengthening interdependency among members of the tuna fishing industry. From a theoretical perspective, the findings were consistent with previous researchers who also found that communication, information sharing, interdependency and price satisfaction variables were the main actors in the buyer-seller relationship context specifically on the trust dynamic.