Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] core collection defined by geographical, agronomical and botanical descriptors

Cowpea is a drought-tolerant food legume grown in the savannah regions of the tropics and subtropics. The International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) holds the world collection of 15,003 cultivated cowpea from 89 countries in its genebank. In excess of 12,000 accessions were characterized for 28 agrobotanical descriptors. The entire collection was first stratified by country of origin and biological status. Land race accessions (10,227) with information on origin and characterization data were grouped using clustering procedures. The clustering analysis was based on Euclidean distances between and among accessions. Accessions within each country were then grouped hierarchically, according to their similarity. The number of clusters selected for countries varied from 2 to 20, depending on the size of collection for that country. A percentage number of accessions (5–25%) was chosen from each country, based on the size of the collection and its proximity to the centre of diversity. The number of accessions from each cluster in a country was then chosen randomly, based on the predetermined percentage. In countries where the numbers of accessions were few ( < 10), the percentage chosen from those countries would be higher and may go up to 100% to ensure that at least one accession was chosen from every country. Accessions with no characterization information were treated as a group, and accessions were chosen randomly, based on their geographical distribution. In the process of selection, 200 accessions that are known to be resistant to pests and diseases and not originally chosen through the selection processes were, nevertheless, kept as part of the core collection. Following these procedures, a total of 1701 accessions of landraces were chosen from the entire collection. Using the same procedures, a subset of 225 accessions was chosen from 1422 advanced cultivars and breeding or research lines. A third subset of 130 accessions was chosen from 838 accessions that either lack information on origin or biological status, and six accessions of wild and weedy forms from the available 64 wild and weed accessions were added. Thus a core collection of 2062 accessions of cowpea was constituted. The diversity in the core collection was similar to that of the entire collection and correlated traits that may be linked were also preserved in the core collection. This core collection of cowpea provides an opportunity for further exploitation of the cowpea germplasm for improvement of this crop.
The Effect of EFL Students' Self- Monitoring on Class Achievement Test Scores

The effect of self-monitoring on an achievement test in an EFL classroom setting was investigated. The results of an experimental study that measured the difference in class achievement test scores between a self-monitoring and an external-monitoring group are reported. Participants were 114 first-year students in a Japanese university and college. Target language performance and behaviors were monitored and responses recorded on a protocol by the students in the selfmonitoring group and monitored by the instructor in the external-monitoring group. The time required for implementing the protocol or treatment was also measured and was considered to be an important pedagogical factor. At an alpha level of . 05, the difference in achievement scores between the groups was not statistically significant.
Incentive Features in CEO Compensation: The Role of Regulation and Monitored Debt

We study CEO compensation in the banking industry by taking into account banks unique claim structure in the presence of two types of agency problems: the standard managerial agency problem as well as the risk-shifting problem between shareholders and debtholders. We empirically test two hypotheses derived from this framework: (1) the pay-for-performance sensitivity of bank CEO compensation decreases with the total leverage ratio; and (2) the pay-for-performance sensitivity of bank CEO compensation increases with the intensity of monitoring provided by regulators and nondepository (subordinated) debtholders. We construct an index of the intensity of outsider monitoring based on four variables: subordinated debt ratio, subordinated debt rating, non performing loan ratio and BOPEC rating assigned by regulators. We findsupporting evidence for both hypotheses. Our results hold after controlling for the endogeneity among compensation, leverage and monitoring. They are robust to various regression specifications and sample criteria.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pregnant Women Attending University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital with Regard to Rubella

Objective: This study was carried out to clarify the potential health-risk and to determinant the prevalence of antenatal rubella infection in North-Central, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among pregnant women to establish the knowledge, attitude and practices with regards to antenatal rubella infection in early pregnancy in Ilorin. A total of 92 subjects were recruited by simple random selection from the antenatal clinics of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Results: Results showed that congenitally defective eyes or ears were regarded as a greater burden to bear than a congenitally defective heart. Pregnant mothers are more likely to abort a congenitally defective fetus before term. Multigravid pregnant women are more likely to have an abortion (X 2 = 12.48, df = 4, p = 0.014), just as married pregnant women were more likely to abort a congenitally defective fetus before term (X2 = 23.64, df = 4, p = 0.0). Conclusion: It is a general assumption that Nigeria today is majorly rural, therefore, health educational activities for prompt antenatal reporting in sub-urban Ilorin, and Nigeria as a whole, may be a relevant intervention for pregnant women.
Cotton Planting Date Affects The Critical Period of Benghal Dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) Control

Abstract Benghal dayflower (formerly known as tropical spiderwort) is one of the most troublesome weeds in Georgia cotton. Field studies were conducted from 2003 to 2005 to evaluate the relationship between the duration of Benghal dayflower interference and cotton yield to establish optimum weed-control timing. To determine the critical period of weed control (CPWC), Benghal dayflower interference with cotton was allowed or prohibited in 2-wk intervals between 0 to 12 wk after crop planting. Maximum yield loss from Benghal dayflower in May-planted cotton was 21 to 30% in 2004 and 2005, whereas cotton planting delayed until June resulted in maximum yield losses of 40 to 60%. June-planted cotton had a CPWC of 190 to 800 growing degree days (GDD) in 2004 (52-d interval beginning at 16 d after planting [DAP]) and 190 to 910 GDD in 2005 (59-d interval beginning at 18 DAP). In contrast, May-planted cotton in 2005 had a narrower CPWC interval of 396 to 587 GDD (18 d) that occurred 3 wk later in the growing season (initiated at 39 DAP). May-planted cotton in 2004 did not have a critical range of weed-free conditions. Instead, a single weed removal at 490 GDD (44 DAP) averted a yield loss greater than 5%. It is recommended that fields infested with Benghal dayflower be planted with cotton early in the growing season to minimize weed interference with the crop. Nomenclature: Benghal dayflower (tropical spiderwort), Commelina benghalensis L. COMBE; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L
Exploring the Relationship between Job Satisfaction Dimensions and Organizational Commitment among Nigerian Banks Employees

The study examined relationship between job satisfaction dimensions and organizational commitment among Nigerian banks employees. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. Judgmental sampling was used to select 10 banks while simple random sampling method was employed to select seven (7) respondents from each bank totaling seventy (70) as sample size from Osogbo metropolis. Both correlation and multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. The result revealed that job satisfaction dimensions have positive significant relationship with organizational commitment. The result also revealed that work condition and supervision were independently significant predictors of organizational commitment. It was concluded that conditions attach to work and mentoring relationship are the most motivators to Nigerian banker staff. The study therefore recommended that management of Nigerian banks need to develop strategies to deal with the needs of those bank staff that experience less job satisfaction and commitment by improving the conditions attached to their job and given assurance of job security as well as good mentoring relationship.
Plantar Pressure Distribution During and after Pregnancy and the Effect of Biomechanical Shoes

Background: The study is focused on objective data about plantar pressure changes during pregnancy and after birth, as well as the possibility to affect changes in plantar pressure by wearing special biomechanical shoes developed in cooperation between Masaryk university and J Hanak R, Ltd; Methods: plantar pressure data of 38 pregnant women were measured in the first and third trimesters, and afterbirth with Emed -at plantographic plathorm. Twenty-one of the subjects (experimental group) wore special biomechanical shoes during this period. Peak plantar pressure and pressure time integral values in 10 masks of the right and left foot were measured separately and processed through ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests; Results: The main findings were significant increases in plantar pressure values under the longitudinal arch and medial forefoot region during the pregnancy in both groups, and a decrease in most of the values after birth. There were no statistically significant differences in measured values between the groups; Conclusions: The load of the foot shifts during the pregnancy in a forward medial direction, which puts more loads on the longitudinal arch, medial metatarsal head areas and the big toe. After birth, the plantar pressure distribution patterns mostly return to the original state observed at the beginning of pregnancy. The effect of the biomechanical shoes on the foot was not proved.
The Determinants of Gender Wage Discrimination in Pakistan: Econometric Evidence from Punjab Province

The development of labor sector has always been on the priority agenda of every country in the world. Since gender discrimination can be categorized in various forms across countries, but this paper concentrates on the gender employment positions and wage differentials in Pakistan. The major objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants of gender wage discrimination in Pakistan using descriptive and regression analysis based on the cross-sectional data of Pakistan labor force survey. It is concluded that illiteracy, poor and low levels of education as well as low vocational, technical, and professional competence are currently important facets of the labor market participants in Pakistan. The results of empirical analysis show that dissimilarity in attainment of jobs is a remarkable phenomenon between males and females. It is also proved that some socio-economic and cultural constraints also hinder the participation of females. Finally the results show that women are not different in their productivity from men and if discrimination does not occur, women can earn more as compared to men in some cases. The governments should take some concrete steps for equitable employment opportunities, improving institutions and infrastructure, provision of quality education and proper training, gender participation in decision-making and knowledge-based economy
Quality circle and workers commitment in Nigerian banking industry

This study examined the relationship between Quality Circle and workers commitment. Respondents were drawn from a sample size of 357 workers from the Banks in the South-South zone of Nigeria. The study employed Cross sectional survey design. With the use of Spearman Rank Order Correlation, the following results were obtained: Quality Circle had a significant positive association with workers affective, continuance and normative commitment. Hence quality circle increased workers affective, continuance and normative commitment.
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR PREDICTING SOIL PROPERTIES IN DONGHAI COUNTY OF CHINA

Different methods have been used to predict soil properties and obtain continuous spatial distributions. However, studies that compare the accuracy of these methods are scarce. In addition, few studies considered human activity variables as well as landscape ecology variables to predict soil properties. The objective of this research was to determine the optimal method for predicting soil properties using human activity and landscape ecology variables in regions with complex topographies. The study results are as follows. (1) Introducing land-use type as human activity variable to the soillandscape model can improve the accuracy. (2) In the study region, the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative error (MRE) of the soil organic matter, pH, and soil particle size predicted by the soillandscape model were lower than those predicted by ordinary Kriging method. (3) Specifically, the regions in which the soil-landscape prediction model was more accurate were all concentrated in the central and west hilly regions in the study region, whereas the regions in which the geostatistical interpolation was more accurate were mainly in the east plain region. The differences in the results are based on the topography of the study area.
Paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: progress over the past decade

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical condition that poses significant threat to patients of all age groups. It involves severe inflammation of pulmonary tissues and results in hypoxemia. In children, pneumonia remains the major cause of paediatric ARDS (PARDS) in contrast to sepsis in adults. In this article, we provide a narrative review on the following specific aspects of PARDS over the past decade: (I) the adoption of the new PARDS and neonatal ARDS definitions; (II) novel biomarkers in risk stratification of PARDS; (III) ventilatory strategies in PARDS, with particular attention to positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), tidal volumes and driving pressures; and (IV) personalized medicine in PARDS. In recent years, attention has been given to the paediatric population with the establishment of the criteria for children with ARDS. This new PARDS definition subsequently led to a proposal of a definition of ARDS in the neonatal population. Studies in PARDS is sparse and clinical practice are mostly extrapolated from findings in adult studies. The use of PEEP has been part of the standard of treatment in adults and children with ARDS. Initially used to improve oxygenation, it is now commonly utilized now as a lung protective measure by reducing the shear force from repetitive alveolar opening and closing. It is uncertain at present whether high PEEP is beneficial in PARDS but adult studies have shown no significant differences in mortality rates. Biomarkers have been studied extensively in adults and children but no particular biomarker has been found to be robust in predicting outcomes from PARDS. However, they do pave the way for more personalized medicine to take place. In fact, current strategies in ARDS treatment seems to be directed towards more precision-based approaches. Further research in stratification of management in PARDS is urgently required.
Stop-motion to Foster Digital Literacy in Elementary School

Although digital media literacy is recognized as the essential competencies required for living in a new media age, it just starts to gain focus in Taiwan's elementary education. One of the reasons is examination-oriented education, with the result that diverts scarce resources away from this informal learning. The other reason is that educators tend to think digital media education as a series of purely technical operation, which might lead student digital media learning to mindless work. Therefore, this study designed a media exhibition based on Kolb's experiential learning model for teaching students concepts of stop-motion films and techniques of film production. A design experiment involved 247 third-grade elementary students that were grouped to visit the experiential exhibition. The findings suggest that the students have improved their knowledge of stop-motion films. Analysis of these produced films also shows that they have improved their media ability to represent their ideas and communicate with others. Through the analysis of the influence of demographics on the knowledge test, the findings revealed that the experiential exhibition is more effective for female elementary students and students' relevant previous experiences may not affect their acquired knowledge. Given those results and observations, we believe that the proposed experiential exhibition is a promising way to carry out digital media literacy education in elementary schools.Although digital media literacy is recognized as the essential competencies required for living in a new media age, it just starts to gain focus in Taiwan's elementary education. One of the reasons is examination-oriented education, with the result that diverts scarce resources away from this informal learning. The other reason is that educators tend to think digital media education as a series of purely technical operation, which might lead student digital media learning to mindless work. Therefore, this study designed a media exhibition based on Kolb's experiential learning model for teaching students concepts of stop-motion films and techniques of film production. A design experiment involved 247 third-grade elementary students that were grouped to visit the experiential exhibition. The findings suggest that the students have improved their knowledge of stop-motion films. Analysis of these produced films also shows that they have improved their media ability to represent their ideas and communicate with others. Through the analysis of the influence of demographics on the knowledge test, the findings revealed that the experiential exhibition is more effective for female elementary students and students' relevant previous experiences may not affect their acquired knowledge. Given those results and observations, we believe that the proposed experiential exhibition is a promising way to carry out digital media literacy education in elementary schools.
Antarctic Cyanobacteria Biodiversity Based on ITS and TrnL Sequencing and Its Ecological Implication

Antarctic cyanobacteria biodiversity was investigated by simultaneous sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS flanked by partial 16S and 23S), and Chloroplast tRNALeu UAA intron (TrnL), exploring whether such morphotypes constitute distinct species and explaining their current distribution. We identified Nostocales, Chrococcales and Oscillatoriales species, collected in different habitats (soil, algal mats, lake sediments, ice-water) after their growth in cultures. By comparative sequence analyses available in Genbank, our results proved to be mostly in agreement with both TrnL and ITS, in the identification of the strains, particularly for Nostocales. Although ITS demonstrated more usefully than TrnL did in identifying Oscillatoriales and Chroococcales, due to the frequent lack of the intron in these groups, our results lead us to support an independent phylogenetic dataset of ITS and TrnL (the latter based on conserved regions) producing not only concordant clusters but also a secondary structure. Specific assignments of the secondary structure evidenced by different cyanobacteria groups, especially the D1-D1’ region of ITS and the P6b region of TrnL. For the latter region, the sequences analyzed for Nostoc species could be divided into the two classes previously identified, on the basis of different heptanucleotide repeats in P6b which were not foun
Indiscipline at Public School: Teachers’ Conceptions on Causes and Intervention

The objective of this paper is to verify public school teachers’ conceptions about indiscipline and to investigate behaviors and/or events that occur in the classroom and are considered indiscipline, their possible causes and ways of dealing with the problem. The literature points out that several factors help in the configuration of frame of indiscipline in schools, but it cannot be ignored as a problem to be resolved fundamentally in the teacher-student relationship, and the educational-school psychologist is therefore an important mediator in this relationship. Forty-eight public school teachers participated in this study, applying semi-structured questionnaires and accomplishing content analysis using the program ATLAS.ti 7. The teachers understand indiscipline as aggressiveness, restlessness, inattentiveness, talking, disrespect to peers and teachers, lack of zeal with material, degradation of the heritage school, emotional problems, etc. About the causes, the analysis shows the categories: “stand out familiar problems” and “personal problems”, “social problems”, “difficulties in the school-family partnership” and, in a smaller proportion, “didactic and pedagogical questions” and “absence of religiousness”. The majority confront the problem by talking with the students and communiques to the family, trying to improve the methodology of the lessons, and just a few teachers share the situation with a director.
Comparing the economic value of fire conditions and the effects of wildfire on hiking in New-Mexico recreation sites using contingent the valuation method and travel cost method.

3 Abstract: There are some criticizes on Contingent valuation method (CVM) and Travel cost method (TCM), therefore many researchers have combined multiple methods of non-market valuation or have tried to value the non-market goods or services by different methods and check for convergent validity of the methods. In this paper both CVM and TCM are used. The empirical part showed that willingness to pay is more for New-Mexico recreation sites based on a dichotomous choice sample obtained from the data set gathered by Hessaln et al. In addition, fire age is shown to have less impact on WTP of visiting the sites in contingent valuation method. This study showed the two estimates on willingness to pay calculated by TCM and CVM are not significantly different at the 5% level.
Une méthode élémentaire pour l'évaluation de petites boules browniennes

Le comportement de la mesure brownienne de petites boules (centrees) est bien connu pour les normes L p , 1≤p≤∞, ainsi que plus recemment pour les normes holderiennes. Dans cette Note, nous presentons une methode elementaire pour l'evaluation de ces mesures basee sur l'estimation de blocs du developpement du mouvement brownien suivant la base de Schauder. Cette methode s'applique de la meme facon a d'autres normes sur l'espace de Wiener, notamment les normes de Besov et certaines normes regularisantes de Sobolev, et propose un traitement unifie evitant l'usage de tout theoreme d'isomorphisme
Changing circumstances : implications for trophic dynamics and species conservation in the Fennoscandian tundra

7. Introduction and background 9. Characteristics of Tundra 9. Tundra – ruled by multi-annual population cycles 12. Spatio-temporal small rodent dynamics 13. Tundra predators – specialists on small rodents 16. Climate change – impact on Fennoscandian tundra 17. Small rodents and arctic fox 19. Arctic fox – In contest with larger predators 20. Implications for conservation 22.