Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Choice of a Career in the Field of Surgery Among Medical Students of Karachi

Introduction Medical students choose to pursue their careers based on multiple internal and external factors. These factors, in turn, not only affect their personal future but the overall status of the health care system of their country. A recent decline in the interest of medical students towards the surgical career is being observed and, therefore, the factors influencing their choice need to be evaluated. We aimed to identify these factors in medical students of a public sector university of Karachi. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Dow Medical College from April 2018 to May 2018. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered to a sample of 250 students. Besides sociodemographic factors, the choice of career was identified and the factors that influenced it were assessed. Students' opinions were collected using a Likert scale. Data were entered and analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 23.0 (IBM, NY, USA). Frequencies were calculated for individual variables. The chi-square test was used to measure statistical differences between categorical variables and a p-value of <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results In this study, 224 out of 250 questionnaires were returned with complete data, yielding a response rate of 89.6%. We found that 48.2% of students reported a desire to pursue a career in surgery. Students whose fathers were more qualified and belonged to the field of health care were more likely to pick a surgical career (p-value of 0.034 and 0.039, respectively). Students who were willing to pursue a path in surgery more often thought that the social standing of surgeons had its importance (p=0.037). These students also agreed that high salary has a role to play in affecting the choice of career (p=0.023). The most common factors that encouraged students for the choice of a surgical career included the practical implication of skills (57.4%) followed by an academic interest in the field (53.7%), and high income (42.6%). The most common discouraging factors included lifestyle and long working hours (56.9%), followed by less academic interest (31%). Conclusion Our study provides a valuable insight into the factors that influence the choice of medical students for pursuing a career in surgery. We also identified the factors that demotivated them from doing so. In our opinion, better incorporation of surgery into the curriculum, proper attention given to students during their surgical rotation and restructuring of the surgical training program are some of the ways that may improve the interest of students in the field of surgery.
In vitro Propagation of Bulblets and Elimination of Viruses by Bulb-scale Cultures of Hippectstrum hybridum Bulbs

The effect of in vitro culture conditions on bulblet regeneration of bulb-scale explants excised from Hippeastrum bulbs and the possibility of virus elimination by this method were investigated. Explants containing the extreme base of bulb-scale produced bulblets at a high rate. Bulblet regeneration was stimulated on White's (1943) agar medium supplemented with 0.01mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA) and 5.0mg/l 6-ben-zylaminopurine (BA). In these cases, a high regeneration rate was found for explants with 2-mm cuts treatment on their proximal ends. Bulblet multiplication was stimulated by subculturing the bulblets formed on the bulb-scale base explants in liquid White's medium with shake-culture. Especially, in the subculture, the bulblets with notching treatment on their bases produced the largest number of new bulblets. Based on these results, a mass propagation scheme for Hippeastrum using a shake culture has been established.In bulblets obtained from the bulb-scale base explant culture, almost all the bulblets were cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) -free by dot immunobinding assay (DIBA), and in 33% of the bulblets hippeastrum mosaic virus (HiMV) was detected by the direct negative staining method. However, all of the new bulblets obtained from the subculture of the bulblets were free of both viruses. These results indicate that the method developed in this study can be utilized as a novel method for the in vitro propagation of virus-free plants.
Gaussian Processes for Crime Prediction

The ability to predict crime is incredibly useful for police departments, city planners, and many other parties, but thus far current approaches have not made use of recent developments of machine learning techniques. In this paper, we present a novel approach to this task: Gaussian processes regression. Gaussian processes (GP) are a rich family of distributions that are able to learn functions. We train GPs on historic crime data to learn the underlying probability distribution of crime incidence to make predictions on future crime distributions.
Protective Effect of Pycnogenol® on Cisplatin Induced-Cardiotoxicity in Rats

Meandros Med Dent J Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce/Ya zış ma Ad re si: Ufuk Eryilmaz MD, Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin Phone: +90 535 981 97 12 E-mail: drufukeryilmaz@gmail.com Received/Geliş Ta rihi : 31.07. 2017 Accepted/Ka bul Ta ri hi : 24.09. 2017 Anah tar Ke li me ler Kardiyo-onkoloji, Pycnogenol, S100A1, Troponin I
Microearthquake evidence for reaction‐driven cracking within the Trans‐Atlantic Geotraverse active hydrothermal deposit

We detected 32,078 very small, local microearthquakes (average ML = −1) during a 9 month deployment of five ocean bottom seismometers on the periphery of the Trans‐Atlantic Geotraverse active mound. Seismicity rates were constant without any main shock‐aftershock behavior at ~243 events per day at the beginning of the experiment, 128 events per day after an instrument failed, and 97 events per day at the end of the experiment when whale calls increased background noise levels. The microearthquake seismograms are characterized by durations of <1 s and most have single‐phase P wave arrivals (i.e., no S arrivals). We accurately located 6207 of the earthquakes, with hypocenters clustered within a narrow depth interval from ~50 to 125 m below seafloor on the south and west flanks of the deposit. We model the microearthquakes as reaction‐driven fracturing events caused by anhydrite deposition in the secondary circulation system of the hydrothermal mound and show that under reasonable modeling assumptions an average event represents a volume increase of 31–58 cm3, yielding an annual (seismogenic) anhydrite deposition rate of 27–51 m3.
Productivity and competitiveness: the case of football teams playing in the UEFA Champions League

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the competitive situation of the UEFA Champions League in relation to other entertainment alternatives. As tools of analysis, Malmquist indices for the football teams that have participated in the UEFA Champions League among the years 2003-2011 will be calculated. The Malmquist index measures the change in productivity whereas the efficiency ratios used for the calculation of the former were found by applying a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The relationship between productivity and competitiveness in an economic sector is as follows: an increase in productivity allows the remuneration of the factors to be increased without having to raise the price of the product offered. The UEFA Champions League may see its competitiveness threatened in relation to other entertainment alternatives, because participating teams do not show a clear increase in productivity.
Bayesian comparison of interacting scenarios

We perform a Bayesian model selection analysis for different classes of phenomenological coupled scenarios of dark matter and dark energy with linear and non-linear interacting terms. We use a combination of some of the latest cosmological data such as type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), cosmic chronometers (CC), cosmic microwave background (CMB) and two sets of baryon acoustic oscillations measurements, namely, 2-dimensional angular measurements (BAO2) and 3-dimensional angle-averaged measurements (BAO3). We find weak and moderate evidence against two-thirds of the interacting scenarios considered with respect to ΛCDM when the full joint analysis is considered. About one-third of the models provide a description to the data as good as the one provided by the standard model. Our results also indicate that either SNe Ia, CC or BAO2 data by themselves are not able to distinguish among interacting models or ΛCDM but the standard BAO3 measurements and the combination with the CMB data are indeed able to discriminate among them. We find that evidence disfavoring interacting models is weaker when we use BAO2 (data claimed to be almost model-independent) instead of the standard BAO3 measurements. These results help select classes of viable and non-viable interacting models in light of current data.
Predicting the Resiliency in Parents with Exceptional Children Based on Their Mindfulness.

The purpose of the present study was to predict the resiliency in parents with exceptional children based on their mindfulness. This descriptive correlational study was performed on 260 parents of student (105 male and 159 female) that were selected by cluster sampling method. Family resiliency questionnaire (Sickby, 2005) and five aspect mindfulness questionnaire were used as measurement instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficient and inter regression showed some dimension of predicted.
Can Institutional Deliveries Reduce Newborn Mortality ? Evidence from Rwanda

Current global health policies emphasize institutional deliveries as a pathway to achieving reductions in newborn mortality in developing countries. There is however remarkably little evidence regarding a causal relationship between institutional deliveries and newborn mortality. In this paper we take advantage of a shock to institutional deliveries provided by the randomized rollout of a government performance-based financing (PBF) program in Rwanda, to provide the first estimates of this causal effect. Using a combination of difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity approaches, we find that program-induced increases in the rate of institutional delivery have not been successful in reducing the rate of newborn mortality. The findings suggest that attempts to increase institutional deliveries without addressing supply-side constraints are unlikely to result in the large reductions in mortality that policy makers expect.
Intragrain oxygen isotope zoning in titanite by SIMS: Cooling rates and fluid infiltration along the Carthage‐Colton Mylonite Zone, Adirondack Mountains, NY, USA

Oxygen isotopes are an attractive target for zoning studies because of the ubiquity of oxygen‐bearing minerals and the dependence of mineral 18O/16O ratios on temperature and fluid composition. In this study, subtle intragrain oxygen isotope zoning in titanite is resolved at the 10‐μm scale by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The patterns of δ18O zoning differ depending on microstructural context of individual grains and reflect multiple processes, including diffusive oxygen exchange, partial recrystallization, grain‐size reduction, and grain growth. Using the chronological framework provided by structural relations, these processes can be related to specific events during the Grenville orogeny. Titanite was sampled from two outcrops within the Carthage‐Colton Mylonite Zone (CCMZ), a long‐lived shear zone that ultimately accommodated exhumation of the Adirondack Highlands from beneath the Adirondack Lowlands during the Ottawan phase (1090–1020 Ma) of the Grenville orogeny. Titanite is hosted in the Diana metasyenite complex, which preserves three sequentially developed fabrics: an early NW‐dipping protomylonitic fabric (S1) is crosscut by near‐vertical ultramylonitic shear zones (S2), which are locally reoriented by a NNW‐dipping mylonitic fabric (S3). Texturally early titanite (pre‐S2) shows diffusion‐dominated δ18O zoning that records cooling from peak Ottawan, granulite‐facies conditions. Numerical diffusion models in the program Fast Grain Boundary yield good fits to observed δ18O profiles for cooling rates of 50 ± 20 °C Ma−1, which are considerably faster than the 1–5 °C Ma−1 cooling rates previously inferred for the Adirondack Highlands from regional thermochronology. High cooling rates are consistent with an episode of rapid shearing and exhumation along the CCMZ during gravitational collapse of the Ottawan orogen at c. 1050 Ma. Texturally later titanite (syn‐S2) has higher overall δ18O and shows a transition from diffusion‐dominated to recrystallization‐dominated δ18O zoning, indicating infiltration of elevated‐δ18O fluids along S2 shear zones and continued shearing below the blocking temperature for oxygen (~≤500 °C for grain sizes at the study site). The texturally latest titanite (post‐S3) has growth‐dominated δ18O zoning, consistent with porphyroblastic grain growth following cessation of shearing along the Harrisville segment of the CCMZ.
Fadli DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF OIL PALM FARMERS ’ REVENUE

This study aims to explain the impact of oil palm-cattle integration to increase the revenue of oil palm farmers Community in East Aceh. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative. The data has been analyzed through three stages, the first stage is data reduction, the second stage is data display and the last stage is the conclusion. The results showed that the integration of oil palm with cattle have a positive impact on increased farmers’ revenue in East Aceh, it estimated approximately at 60% to 80%. This depends on the integration model being implemented, whether by letting the cattle graze freely (wild-release system) or by grazing them safely (enclosure system) and put the cattle in the cage at night.
Stationary and slowly moving localised pulses in a singularly perturbed Brusselator model

Recent attention has focused on deriving localised pulse solutions to various systems of reaction–diffusion equations. In this paper, we consider the evolution of localised pulses in the Brusselator activator–inhibitor model, long considered a paradigm for the study of non-linear equations, in a finite one-dimensional domain with feed of the inhibitor through the boundary and global feed of the activator. We employ the method of matched asymptotic expansions in the limit of small activator diffusivity and small activator and inhibitor feeds. The disparity of diffusion lengths between the activator and inhibitor leads to pulse-type solutions in which the activator is localised while the inhibitor varies on an O(1) length scale. In the asymptotic limit considered, the pulses become spikes described by Dirac delta functions and evolve slowly in time until equilibrium is reached. Such quasi-equilibrium solutions with N activator pulses are constructed and a differential-algebraic system of equations (DAE) is derived, characterising the slow evolution of the locations and the amplitudes of the pulses. We find excellent agreement for the pulse evolution between the asymptotic theory and the results of numerical computations. An algebraic system for the equilibrium pulse amplitudes and locations is derived from the equilibrium points of the DAE system. Both symmetric equilibria, corresponding to a common pulse amplitude, and asymmetric pulse equilibria, for which the pulse amplitudes are different, are constructed. We find that for a positive boundary feed rate, pulse spacing of symmetric equilibria is no longer uniform, and that for sufficiently large boundary flux, pulses at the edges of the pattern may collide with and remain fixed at the boundary. Lastly, stability of the equilibrium solutions is analysed through linearisation of the DAE, which, in contrast to previous approaches, provides a quick way to calculate the small eigenvalues governing weak translation-type instabilities of equilibrium pulse patterns.
Overview of NASA's MODIS and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) snow-cover Earth System Data Records

Abstract. Knowledge of the distribution, extent, duration and timing of snowmelt is critical for characterizing the Earth's climate system and its changes. As a result, snow cover is one of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) essential climate variables (ECVs). Consistent, long-term datasets of snow cover are needed to study interannual variability and snow climatology. The NASA snow-cover datasets generated from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra and Aqua spacecraft and the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) are NASA Earth System Data Records (ESDR). The objective of the snow-cover detection algorithms is to optimize the accuracy of mapping snow-cover extent (SCE) and to minimize snow-cover detection errors of omission and commission using automated, globally applied algorithms to produce SCE data products. Advancements in snow-cover mapping have been made with each of the four major reprocessings of the MODIS data record, which extends from 2000 to the present. MODIS Collection 6 (C6; https://nsidc.org/data/modis/data_summaries ) and VIIRS Collection 1 (C1; https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP10.001 ) represent the state-of-the-art global snow-cover mapping algorithms and products for NASA Earth science. There were many revisions made in the C6 algorithms which improved snow-cover detection accuracy and information content of the data products. These improvements have also been incorporated into the NASA VIIRS snow-cover algorithms for C1. Both information content and usability were improved by including the Normalized Snow Difference Index (NDSI) and a quality assurance (QA) data array of algorithm processing flags in the data product, along with the SCE map. The increased data content allows flexibility in using the datasets for specific regions and end-user applications. Though there are important differences between the MODIS and VIIRS instruments (e.g., the VIIRS 375 m native resolution compared to MODIS 500 m), the snow detection algorithms and data products are designed to be as similar as possible so that the 16+ year MODIS ESDR of global SCE can be extended into the future with the S-NPP VIIRS snow products and with products from future Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) platforms. These NASA datasets are archived and accessible through the NASA Distributed Active Archive Center at the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colorado.
How Customers of Small and Medium Wood-processing Slovak Enterprises Perceive a Green Product

Differentiating and ecologizing of products have gained an increasing amount of importance, and green logistics has achieved an irreplaceable position as an important tool for competitiveness. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in this case wood-processing enterprises, can achieve this position through the innovation of green products. Based on the results of research focused on finding out how customers perceive green wood products, the objective of this work is to propose possible ways to implement green products in wood-processing SMEs in Slovakia, while taking into account the requirements of customers related to green products. The research was evaluated by methods of testing the statistical hypothesis (binomial test, Chi-square test, Friedman test, and Wilcoxon test), descriptive statistics, and data visualization. The survey revealed that primary reasons why customers of wood-processing SMEs do not buy green wood products is their high price and an insufficient amount of available information about them. In addition to the price, respondents mainly take the quality and safety of the products into account when making purchases. Based on the analysis performed, three basic green strategies focused on product innovation are proposed for consideration by wood-processing SMEs in Slovakia and elsewhere.
Scene Classification using Localized Histogram of Oriented Gradients Method

Scene classification is an important and elementary problem in image understanding. It deals with large number of scenes in order to discover the common structure shared by all the scenes in a class. It is used in medical science (X-Ray, ECG and Endoscopy etc), criminal detection, gender classification, skin classification, facial image classification, generating weather information from satellite image; identify vegetation types, anthropogenic structures, mineral resources, or transient changes in any of these properties. In this paper, at first we propose a feature extraction method named LHOG or Localized HOG. We consider that an image contains some important region which helps to find similarity with same class of images. We generate local information from an image via our proposed LHOG method. Then by combing all the local information we generate the global descriptor using Bag of Feature (BoF) method which is finally used to represent and classify an image accurately and efficiently. In classification purpose, we use Support Vector Machine (SVM) that analyze data and recognize patterns. The basic SVM takes a set of input data and predicts, for each given input, which of two possible classes forms the output. In our paper, we use six different classes of images.
Assessing the nutritional value of some African indigenous green Leafy Vegetables in Ghana

1 SUMMARY African Leafy Vegetables (ALVs) are the cheapest and most readily available sources of important proteins, vitamins, minerals and essential amino acids in Ghana. This study was conducted to determine the nutritional values of the leaves of cocoyam (Kontomire) (Xanthosoma sagittifolia), water leaf “(Bokoboko)” ( Talinum triangulare), “ (Aleefu)” (Amaranth cruentus) and Moringa oleifera. Samples of the green leafy vegetables were obtained from the Centre for Biodiversity Utilization and Development (CBUD) farm at Prison Camp at Amanfrom in the Ashanti Region. The parameters determined were moisture, crude fiber, crude fat, protein, total carbohydrate, food energy and minerals (iron and phosphorus). The results showed they all had high moisture content ranging from 72.93 to 91.83% with Talinum sp. showing the highest percentage of moisture. The other characteristics like crude fiber ranged from1.00% to 10.40%, fat 1.33% to 3.19%, protein 4.46% to 6.60%, carbohydrate 1.05% to 13.50%, food energy 36.60Kcal/100g to 90.20Kcal/100g, iron 1.00mg/100g to 40.50mg/100g and phosphorus 74mg/100g to 81.90mg/100g. The results showed that no particular green leafy vegetable was superior to the others. It is therefore important to use any of the different varieties of leafy vegetables for food. It is recommended that similar investigations should be carried out on other indigenous leafy vegetables such as cowpea, baobab, kapok and cassava leaves