Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sledding-Related Injuries Among Children Requiring Emergency Treatment

Objectives: The aims of the study were to describe sledding-related injuries among children requiring emergency treatment and assess the use of safety measures before and after these injuries. Methods: This is a study of a consecutive series of patients treated for sledding-related injuries in the emergency department of a large, urban, academic children's hospital during a 5-year period. Follow-up contact with patients' families was made by telephone or mail within 2 months after the injury. Results: One hundred sixty-eight children were treated for sledding-related injuries during the study period. Children ranged in age from 2 to 18 years (mean ± SD, 9.1 ± 3.8 years). The most common mechanism of injury was a collision with a stationary object (45.2%). The area of the body most commonly injured was the head/neck (53.6%). Soft tissue injuries were the most common type of injury (43.4%). Children 6 years or younger were more likely to sustain a head/neck injury (P < 0.001; relative risk [RR], 2.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-4.64) and lacerations (P < 0.001; RR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.58-3.82) than older children. Children 7 to 18 years were more likely to sustain an extremity injury (P < 0.005; RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.17-1.65), a fracture or dislocation (P < 0.05; RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.10-1.55), and a fall off a sled (P < 0.05, RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.08-1.55) than younger children. Children 7 to 18 years were also more likely to be admitted to the hospital (P < 0.05, RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.20-1.62) than younger children. Helmet use occurred in only 3.0% of the cases. No other safety equipment was used. Sixty-five percent of injuries occurred when adult supervision was present. After the injury, helmet use was reported to be 25.3%, representing a statistically significant increase (P < 0.001). Other safety measures implemented after the injury include change in behavior on the sled (59.5%) and change in location of sledding activity (19.2%). Only 1.0% of parents reported increased adult supervision after the injury event. Conclusions: More than 50% of sledding-related injuries were to the head/neck region, but only 3% of patients were wearing a helmet at the time of injury. A program to increase helmet use while sledding could have a significant impact on reducing head injuries. Because most injuries occurred when sledders struck a stationary object in their path, checking the sledding location for the presence of obstacles is also an important preventive measure.
Utilization of Peritoneal Dialysis in the Acute Setting

Peritoneal dialysis (PD), although classically described and utilized in the treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease, can also be utilized in the acute setting in different clinical situations. Recent studies showed that, in patients with acute renal failure, it is possible to obtain reasonable dialysis doses with adequate metabolic and electrolytic control and low incidence of complications by utilizing continuous PD through a cycler at high volume. In patients with congestive heart failure without end-stage renal disease, PD is capable of promoting clinical improvement with slow removal of liquids, becoming an attractive alternative for situations of rapidly or slowly worsening cardiac function. In patients submitted to chronic hemodialysis but who have vascular access difficulties, PD can also be utilized as a “bridge,” thereby avoiding the use of central venous catheters, which can be associated with infectious complications such as bacterial endocarditis. New studies must be realized showing other indications for PD.
Rapid and Accurate detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by real-time PCR with Melting Curve Analysis targeting gyrB gene

Title Rapid and accurate detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by real-time polymerase chain reaction with melting curve analysis targeting gyrB gene. Author(s) Motoshima, Maiko; Yanagihara, Katsunori; Fukushima, Kazuko; Matsuda, Junichi; Sugahara, Kazuyuki; Hirakata, Yochi; Yamada, Yasuaki; Kohno, Shigeru; Kamihira, Shimeru Citation Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 58(1), pp.53-58; 2007 Issue Date 2007-05 URL http://hdl.handle. net/10069/22526 Right Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Academic Output SITE
Association of Substance Abuse and Depression among Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients

Objective: To determine whether depression levels differ among suicide-attempting and non–suicide-attempting adolescent inpatients in relation to their alcohol use. Method: Ninety-eight adolescents hospitalized at a midwestern psychiatric hospital completed the Children's Depression Inventory and the Rutgers Alcohol Problem-Drinking Index (RAPI). Based on RAPI scores, adolescents were classified as heavy drinkers (n = 36) or light drinkers and nondrinkers (n = 62). Results: Heavy drinkers had significantly more depression than those who were classified as light drinkers or nondrinkers regardless of suicide-attempting status. Conclusions: The results demonstrate a positive association between depression levels and problems with alcohol in adolescents, indicating that youth who both suffer from depression and abuse alcohol may be at higher risk for a suicide attempt.
Amyloid Precursor Protein Associates with a Nicastrin-Dependent Docking Site on the Presenilin 1–γ-Secretase Complex in Cells Demonstrated by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging

γ-Secretase cleavage is the final enzymatic step generating β-amyloid via intramembranous cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Presenilin (PS), initially identified as a gene in which mutations account for the vast majority of early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease, is a major component of γ-secretase. Enzymatic activity also depends on nicastrin, Aph-1, and Pen-2. We propose a model in which γ-secretase components assemble, interact with substrates initially at a docking site, and then cleave and release substrates. To test this model, we developed a novel morphological technique on the basis of advanced fluorescence microscopy methods, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). FLIM allows us to examine protein–protein “proximity” in intact cells. We show that, although the strongest colocalization of APP and PS1 is in the perinuclear area, the strongest interactions detected by FLIM are at or near the cell surface. We also found that APP–PS1 interactions occur even whenγ-secretase inhibitors or “dominant-negative” PS1 mutations are used to block γ-secretase activity. Finally, using nicastrin RNA interference, we demonstrate that nicastrin is critical for APP association with PS1. We interpret these results to suggest that there is a noncatalytic docking site closely associated with PS1–γ-secretase.
The Size Ramsey Number of Trees with Bounded Degree

The size Ramsey number r(G, H) of graphs G and H is the smallest integer r such that there is a graph F with r edges and if the edge set of F is red‐blue colored, there exists either a red copy of G or a blue copy of H in F. This article shows that r(Tnd, Tnd) ⩽ c · d2 · n and c · n3 ⩽ r(Kn, Tnd) ⩽ c(d)·n3 log n for every tree Tnd on n vertices. and maximal degree at most d and a complete graph Kn on n vertices. A generalization will be given. Probabilistic method is used throught this paper. © 1993 John Wiley Sons, Inc. © 1993 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel method for evaluating electron/hole mismatch in scaled split-gate SONOS memories

We propose a new simple method for lateral charge profiling of split-gate SONOS memory to separate trapped charge densities near and far from drain. Retention loss due to electron/hole mismatch is successfully reproduced with two hole components near and far from the drain that this method evaluates. The hole component far from the drain dominates the component near the drain in a scaled split-gate SONOS.
Comparative analysis of electromagnetic interference produced by high power single-phase power factor correction pre-regulators

This paper deals with the problem of electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated in power converters used to power factor correction (PFC). The topologies discussed in this paper are the boost, the interleaved boost and the dual boost converters. The main noise sources generated by converters and a comparative analysis of the differential mode noise and common mode noise present in the topologies in study are shown. The EMI filter design to comply with the EMI standards is also approached. Experimental results of the conducted EMI of the converters operating as PFC are presented at the end of the paper, in order to prove the comparisons.
Association analysis of nitric oxide synthases: NOS1, NOS2A and NOS3 genes, with multiple sclerosis

Abstract Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. Aim: To explore the genetic basis of three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes: NOS1, NOS2A and NOS3, with susceptibility to MS. Subjects and methods: A total of 122 MS patients and 118 healthy controls screened for NOS1 (rs2682826, rs41279104), NOS2A (CCTTT)n/(TAAA)n and NOS3 (rs1800783, rs1800779, rs2070744, 27bpVNTR) markers, using TaqMan®SNP Genotyping Assays and fragment analysis were enrolled in this study. QRT-PCR and ELISA were used to analyse the expression of NOS3 mRNA and Nitric Oxide (NO) levels. Results: Two NOS3 markers were associated with susceptibility to MS and early disease development. The NOS3 rs1800779 G-allele (p = 0.04) and GG-genotype (p = 0.02) showed association with susceptibility to MS. Short NOS2 (CCTTT)n (p = 0.03) and short/long repeat (p = 0.04) genotypes also showed associations with MS. These associations were intensified by sub-division of patients into Kuwaiti Arabs and Persians (p < 0.05). The NOS3-27 bp-VNTR a-allele was associated with early MS disease onset ≤26 years (p = 0.04). The NOS3-27 bp-VNTR a/b-genotype resulted in 23% lower NO production and the NOS3-rs1800779 AA-genotype resulted in lower NOS3 expression. Haplotypes obtained from NOS2A and NOS3 showed increased susceptibility to MS. NOS1 showed no significant association with MS. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the association between selected NOS2 and NOS3 markers and MS susceptibility.
C/EBP alpha expression in adipose tissue of genetically obese Zucker rats.

The adipose tissue of genetically obese Zucker rats is characterized by coordinated tissue specific overtranscription of a subset of genes related to lipid storage such as Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH). We show that CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein alpha (C/EBP alpha) is an activator of GAPDH proximal promoter in transiently transfected mature rat adipocytes. C/EBP alpha mRNA levels were increased in adipose tissue but not in liver of obese as compared to lean rats at 30 days of age, i.e., when obesity is fully expressed. Nevertheless at 16 days of age, although overdevelopment of adipose tissue could be detected in preobese rats, C/EBP alpha mRNA levels were similar whatever the genotype. In conclusion C/EBP alpha mRNA is overexpressed in adipose tissue of obese rats, suggesting a possible role for this factor in the activation of lipid storage-related genes in adipose tissue of obese rats. However, C/EBP alpha overexpression is not temporally related to the onset of obesity.
Unique low-dose intrathecal opioid trial, still in need of a feasibility check.

462 www.painphysicianjournal. com To The ediTor: It is with great interest that we read the article by Grider et al, “Patient selection and outcomes using a low-dose intrathecal opioid trialing method for chronic nonmalignant pain”, published in the 2011 July/August issue of Pain Physician (1). We are much enlightened by the novel approach employed by the authors in conducting their intrathecal (IT) opioid trials. The novelty is that only a fraction of the opioid was utilized during their trials, after a preceding, gradual opioid tapering and a subsequent opioid-free period of 6 weeks. This is very different from neuroaxial trials by others reported in the literature (2). It appears that, as a result of this unusual approach, the authors were able to achieve satisfactory and persistent analgesia with only a minute dose of IT opioid, both during the trials and one year afterwards, without needing dose escalation in the permanent pumps. The timing of this article is also of significance because the utility of intrathecal opioid trials was seriously questioned. The recently published “Consensus guidelines for the selection and implantation of patients with noncancer pain” recommended reconsideration of the mandatory IT trial, based on the impression that the predictive value of trials was unsubstantiated, the absence of long-term efficacy, and the lack of demonstrated safety sufficient to outweigh trial risks, etc (3). Thus the panel recommended the decision, whether to conduct the trial or not, be left to the treating physician. Additionally, the panel recommended the development of a less expensive pump for IT trial, with a life span of 6-12 months, so that various agents could be tried, to better simulate IT therapy (3). Although the trialing method introduced by Grider et al (1) represents a revolutionary approach that seems to provide adequate analgesia with much lower opioid dosages, we wonder if it would be a pragmatic approach in our practice. Our concern is how feasible it is to wean patients off any opioid and keep them opioid free for 6 weeks, which was the prerequisite prior to the initiation of the low dose IT trial based on their protocol. Unique Low-Dose Intrathecal Opioid Trial, Still in Need of a Feasibility Check
Nonlinear operators and differential equations in Banach spaces

In his celebrated lecture at the Paris Mathematical Congress of 1900, Hubert asked whether the expansion of mathematical knowledge would not finally make it impossible for the single researcher to grasp all parts of it. As partial answer he said that all true progress goes hand in hand with the development of sharper aids and simpler methods, which make it easier to understand earlier theories and to circumvent complicated older procedures. It would be hard to find better grounds for Hubert's optimism than are given by current progress in the field of abstract differential equations. An excellent account of this current progress can be found in Martin's book (1976), also in Ordinary differential equations in Banach spaces, 1977, by Klaus Deimling. The latter is volume 596 of the Springer Lecture Notes, but is a much more scholarly and polished job than the category "lecture notes" would lead one to expect. Both Martin and Deimling are warmly recommended by this reviewer. They are complementary rather than competitive, and the pleasure of reading one is enhanced by reading the other. A major difference in the two texts is that Martin includes background material which can be found in other books, while Deimling has chosen to emphasize current developments only. The former point of view has pedagogical advantages, but it reduces the scope below what one might hope for from the book's size and from the dust-jacket description. Thus, "the important, fundamental techniques of nonlinear functional analysis" could include the notion of topological degree, bifurcation theory, general nonlinear semigroups, and variational inequalities, all of which are, in fact, excluded. (This is said in no critical spirit, but simply as information.) Aside from a discussion of the connection between spectrum and numerical range in Chapter 3, and a development of fixed-point theory with application to Hammerstein equations in Chapter 4, the main strength of the book for research mathematicians would seem to be in the field of abstract differential equations. This is a field to which Martin (and also Deimling) have made fundamental contributions. Let us begin with the differential equation u' = ƒ(t, u) where u is a function from an interval to a real Banach space X. When ƒ is Lipschitzian, existence and uniqueness follow much as in the classical case dim X < oo, in which case the equation is a finite system. By standard techniques (Dugundji,
Studies on skin surface barrier functions. Transepidermal water loss and skin surface lipids during childhood.

Since there are few reports dealing with the barrier efficiency of normal skin during childhood, in vivo experiments were carried out on 40 healthy Japanese children of both sexes aged between 3 to 12 years. Two important parameters for barrier properties : transepidermal water loss (TWL) value and the skin surface lipid value, were measured by the original methods devised during the course of our studies. Statistical analysis was employed to understand interrelations between those two parameters. The results revealed the following characteristic barrier properties of child skin surface. 1) Inverse correlations were found between TWL values and total lipid values in the forearm skin. Analogous correlations were also observed between TWL values and cholesterol values. However, there were no correlations between TWL values and squalene values. 2) The amount of cholesterol was significantly higher than the amount of squalene. 3) No statistical significance with respect to age, sex or weight of the children and the observed TWL, total lipid, squalene or cholesterol values was found in this study. 4) TWL measurements suggested that the barrier efficiency of the stratum corneum of child skin is nearly the same as that for adult skin as previously reported. 5) It was confirmed that the amount of total lipids or squalene is significantly smaller and the cholesterol amount slightly higher in children than in adults.
Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells from Rat Mesenteric Lymphatic Vessels

Objective: The objective was to devise a method for establishing cultures of rat mesenteric lymphatic vessel smooth muscle cells (LSMC) and to investigate if inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression could be activated in LSMC treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Keratosis Pilaris Revisited: Is It More Than Just a Follicular Keratosis?

Background: Keratosis pilaris (KP) is characterized by keratinous plugs in the follicular orifices and varying degrees of perifollicular erythema. The most accepted theory of its pathogenesis proposes defective keratinization of the follicular epithelium resulting in a keratotic infundibular plug. We decided to test this hypothesis by doing dermoscopy of patients diagnosed clinically as keratosis pilaris. Materials and Methods: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of KP seen between September 2011 and December 2011 were included in the study. A clinical history was obtained and examination and dermoscopic evaluation were performed on the lesions of KP. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 6-38 years. Sixteen patients had history of atopy. Nine had concomitant ichthyosis vulgaris. All the 25 patients were found to have coiled hair shafts within the affected follicular infundibula. The hair shafts were extracted with the help of a sterile needle and were found to retain their coiled nature. Perifollicular erythema was seen in 11 patients; perifollicular scaling in 9. Conclusion: Based on our observations and previously documented histological data of KP, we infer that KP may not be a disorder of keratinization, but caused by the circular hair shaft which ruptures the follicular epithelium leading to inflammation and abnormal follicular keratinization.
Disorders of the Lesser Toes

Lesser toe disorders are an often under-appreciated source of pain and disability in athletes. Patients may have significant symptoms from corns, hammertoe and mallet toe deformities, and metatarsalgia resulting from neuromas and metatarsophalangeal joint instability. Although patients may present with vague symptoms, a careful history and physical examination will point a clinician to an accurate diagnosis. Treatment of these lesser toe disorders is straightforward and leads to predictably good results.
Productive Performance , Carcass Trait and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens Fed Different Levels of Dried Whey and Protexin Probiotic

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dried whey and protexin probiotic on the productive performance, carcass trait and blood parameters of broiler chickens. In this study, 360, one-day old male and female commercial Ross 308 broiler chickens of mixed gender were used in a randomized design with four treatment (six replicated in each treatment and 15 birds/replicated) and reared on the floor pens for 42 days. The dietary treatments were: (1) control diet (no supplement), (2) basal diet supplemented with 40 g/kg dried whey powder (3) basal diet supplemented with 1g/kg protexin probiotic and (4) basal diet supplemented with 20 g/kg dried whey powder+ 0.5 g/kg protexin probiotic. The results of this study indicated that diet supplementation with dried whey powder and protexin statistically increased chicks body weight at 42 days of age in comparison to the control chicks (p<0.05). The other results showed significant differences in feed intake among control and dried whey powder + protexin treatments. Broilers receiving different levels of dried whey powder and protexin had higher feed intake in compare to the control group. Furthermore, addition of different levels of dried whey and protexin probiotic decreased feed conversion ratio in comparison of control groups. Addition of different levels of dried whey and protexin probiotic increased gizzard, spleen and bursa of fabricius in compersion of control groups. Further result showed that birds received dried whey powder + protexin had lowest total cholestrol, HDL and LDL concentrations in compersion of control groups.
Accuracy of emergency department bedside ultrasonography.

OBJECTIVES To determine which focused ultrasound examinations can be interpreted accurately by emergency physicians who have limited training and experience. To determine whether image quality and/or the operator's level of confidence in the findings correlates with accurate scan interpretation. METHODS A prospective sample of consenting adult emergency department patients with the conditions was selected for study. Scans were performed by emergency physicians who had attended a 3-day focused ultrasound examinations instruction course. All scans were videotaped and subsequently reviewed by a radiologist. Accuracy was determined by comparing the emergency physicians scan interpretation with preselected gold standards. Chi-squared tests were employed to determine if the individual performing the scan, the type of scan, patient's body habitus, image quality and/or operator confidence were reliable predictors of accuracy. RESULTS Between September 1997 and January 1999, 221 scans were studied. Accuracy varied widely depending on the type of scan performed: aortic scans were 100% accurate whereas renal scans had 68% accuracy. On bivariate analyses, there was little variation in the various operators' levels of proficiency and accuracy of interpretation was not associated with patient body habitus, image quality or operator confidence. CONCLUSIONS Neophytes can accurately perform and interpret aortic scans; additional training and/or experience appear to be necessary to achieve proficiency in conducting most of the other scans studied. Inexperienced operators are unable to discern whether their scan interpretations will prove accurate.