Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Nonfunctioning Tumors/Carcinoma

Departments of a Surgery and b Radiology, University of Verona, Verona , Italy; c Department of Internal Medicine, Charite, University of Berlin, Berlin , Germany; d Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Rotterdam, Rotterdam , The Netherlands; e M. Korner, University of Bern, Institut fur Pathologie, Bern , Switzerland; f Department of Oncology, South Florida University, Tampa, Fla. , USA; g Department of Internal Medicine, Charite, University of Berlin, Berlin , Germany; h Department of Radiology, Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin , Germany; i Department of Surgery, Stadtisches Klinikum Neuss, Lukas Hospital, Neuss , Germany; j Department of Surgery, Zurich Hospital, Zurich , Switzerland; k Department of Surgery, Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin , Germany; l Department of Endocrine Oncology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala , Sweden; m Department of Pathology, University of Lyon, Lyon , France
Effect of audiovisual distraction on children's behaviour, anxiety and pain in the dental setting.

AIM To evaluate whether the parental perception of the patient's anxiety, children's anxiety, pain, behaviour and heart rate of paediatric patients improves when an audiovisual technique is used as a distraction method during dental treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS This non-randomised crossover trial was performed with 34 patients aged 6-8 years, who required a minimum of two treatment visits for restorative therapy. During the last visit, the patient was shown a cartoon film. RESULTS There was a significant improvement in the global behaviour when children were shown a cartoon film (P 0.05) between the visits in terms of parental perception of the patient's anxiety, or the patient's self-reported anxiety, pain and heart rate. CONCLUSIONS The use of the audiovisual material used as a method of distraction produces a global improvement in patient behaviour, but not in parental perception of the patient's anxiety, self-reported anxiety, pain or heart rate according to the measurement scales used. This material is also highly accepted by paediatric patients.
Oncogenic Purine TV-Oxide Derivatives as Substrates for Sulfotransferase1

SUMMARY The susceptibility of a series of purine /V-oxidederivatives to rat liver sulfotransferase has been measured by a new assay. With 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate-35S as the donor, the 35S-labeled sulfate liberated by the rapid reaction of the resulting sulfate ester is a measure of the acceptor activity of the substrate. The susceptibility of purine /V-oxide deriva tives to sulfotransferase is not proportional to their oncogenicity. The assay was also used to detect purine TV-oxide sulfotransferase activity in a type of fibroblast grown in culture.
Novel Molecular Targets of Dezocine and Their Clinical Implications

Background:Although dezocine is a partial &mgr;-opioid receptor agonist, it is not a controlled substance. Thus, the characterization of the molecular targets of dezocine is critical for scientific and clinical implications. The goal of this study is to characterize molecular targets for dezocine and determine their implications. Methods:A binding screen for dezocine was performed on 44 available receptors and transporter proteins. Functional assays for the novel targets were performed along with computation calculations to locate the binding site. A G protein activation study was performed for the human &kgr; opioid receptor to determine whether dezocine is a &kgr;-antagonist. Data are presented as mean ± standard error. Results:The affinities for dezocine were 3.7 ± 0.7 nM for the &mgr; receptor, 527 ± 70 nM for the &dgr;-receptor, and 31.9 ± 1.9 nM for the &kgr;-receptor. Dezocine failed to induce G protein activation with &kgr;-opioid receptor and concentration dependently inhibited &kgr;-agonist (salvinorin A and nalbuphine)–induced receptor activation, indicating that dezocine is a &kgr;-antagonist. Two novel molecular targets (norepinephrine transporter and serotonin transporter) were identified. Dezocine concentration-dependently inhibited norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake in vitro. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (expressed as pIC50) were 5.68 ± 0.11 for norepinephrine transporter and 5.86 ± 0.17 for serotonin transporter. Dezocine occupied the binding site for known norepinephrine transporter and serotonin transporter inhibitors. Conclusions:The unique molecular pharmacological profile of dezocine as a partial &mgr;-receptor agonist, a &kgr;-receptor antagonist, and a norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor (via norepinephrine transporter and serotonin transporter) was revealed. These discoveries reveal potentially important novel clinical implications and drug interactions of dezocine.
Magnetic Anisotropy and Magnetoresistance Properties of Co/Au Multilayers

We report on the magnetic anisotropy (MA) and magnetoresistance (MR) properties of [Co (t<sub>Co</sub>)/Au (t<sub>Au</sub>)]<sub>N</sub><sup>θ</sup> multilayers prepared by changing the incident angle of deposition, θ, thicknesses t<sub>Co</sub> and t<sub>Au</sub> of Co and Au layers, respectively, and number of bilayers, N, while keeping N × t<sub>Co</sub> fixed at 20 nm. Although all of the multilayers showed MAs at low applied magnetic fields, H, and room temperature, the ones deposited at θ = 45° showed remarkable magnetic anisotropies, which is further enhanced upon magnetic annealing. The [Co (1 nm)/Au (2 nm)]<sub>20</sub><sup>45</sup> multilayer showed a maximum MR of 2.1% at room temperature and H = 1 kOe. Moreover, for the same field H and current I, the transverse (H ⊥ I) MR is always larger than the longitudinal (H ∥ I) MR.
Naming Speed, Phonological Awareness, and Orthographic Knowledge in Second Graders

Concurrent relationships among measures of naming speed, phonological awareness, orthographic skill, and other reading subskills were explored in a representative sample of second graders. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that naming speed, as measured by the the rapid automatized naming (RAN) task, accounted for a sizable amount of unique variance in reading with vocabulary and phonemic awareness partialled out. The unique contribution of naming speed to reading was relatively stronger for orthographic skills, whereas the contribution of phonemic skills was stronger for nonword decoding. In further analyses, marked difficulties on a range of reading tasks, including orthographic processing, were seen in a subgroup with a double deficit (slow naming speed and low phonemic awareness) but not in groups with only a single deficit. These findings are broadly consistent with Bowers and Wolf's (1993a, 1993b; Wolf & Bowers, 1999) double-deficit hypothesis of reading disability.
Turnover Studies with 59Fe in the X‐Irradiated Rat

IN a previous communication from this laboratory (Baxter, Belcher, Harriss and Lamerton, 195 5 ) distribution studies were reported using radioactive iron, 5gFe, injected subcutaneously to X-irradiated rats. These studies showed that recovery from radiation-induced anaemia in rats given 450 r X-radiation was initially due to increased splenic erythropoiesis, and that recovery of erythropoietic function in bone marrow occurred later than in the spleen. They also showed that the pattern of recovery from this radiation dose could be modified by shielding one hind limb during radiation, the shielded limb then having an initially enhanced erythropoietic activity which was not maintained, and the spleen becoming hghly erythropoietic at an earlier time than in animals receiving whole-body irradiation. In this early work 59Fe uptake in bone marrow was studied in the bones of the hmd limbs only. Moreover, 5gFe uptake by the tissues of irradiated animals was measured only at 4-5 hours after injection, at which time uptake in the erythropoietic tissues was assumed to be nearing its maximum level. It seemed possible, however, that the pattern of 5gFe turnover might differ in different parts of the skeleton, and that the time of maximum 59Fe uptake in the erythropoietic tissues might be different in irradiated animals from that in control unirralated animals. Detailed studies of 59Fe distribution and turnover in all tissues of unirradiated and whole-body irradiated rats have therefore been made in order to study the validity of the use of the turnover of 5gFe by the hind limb as an index of bone-marrow erythropoietic function. Turnover has also been studied in detail in selected tissues of rats given 200 r or 450 r X-radiation with or without hind-limb shielding, in order to determine more accurately the maximuin uptake levcls attained and to obtain a more complete picture of the effects of hind-limb shielding on the response of the erythropoietic tissues to X-radiation. Since quantitative differences in radiation response had previously been observed between rats of different strains, the present investigations have all been made with rats of a single inbred strain. Preliminary notice of the results has appeared elsewhere (Bclcher, Harriss and Lamerton, 1956); they are reported in detail in the present communication.
Needle Segmentation in Volumetric Optical Coherence Tomography Images for Ophthalmic Microsurgery

Needle segmentation is a fundamental step for needle reconstruction and image-guided surgery. Although there has been success stories in needle segmentation for non-microsurgeries, the methods cannot be directly extended to ophthalmic surgery due to the challenges bounded to required spatial resolution. As the ophthalmic surgery is performed by finer and smaller surgical instruments in micro-structural anatomies, specifically in retinal domains, difficulties are raised for delicate operation and sensitive perception. To address these challenges, in this paper we investigate needle segmentation in ophthalmic operation on 60 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) cubes captured during needle injection surgeries on ex-vivo pig eyes. Furthermore, we developed two different approaches, a conventional method based on morphological features (MF) and a specifically designed full convolution neural networks (FCN) method, moreover, we evaluate them on the benchmark for needle segmentation in the volumetric OCT images. The experimental results show that FCN method has a better segmentation performance based on four evaluation metrics while MF method has a short inference time, which provides valuable reference for future works.
Visual influences on alignment to voice onset time.

PURPOSE Speech shadowing experiments were conducted to test whether alignment (inadvertent imitation) to voice onset time (VOT) can be influenced by visual speech information. METHOD Experiment 1 examined whether alignment would occur to auditory /pa/ syllables manipulated to have 3 different VOTs. Nineteen female participants were asked to listen to 180 syllables over headphones and to say each syllable out loud quickly and clearly. In Experiment 2, visual speech tokens composed of a face articulating /pa/ syllables at 2 different rates were dubbed onto the audio /pa/ syllables of Experiment 1. Sixteen new female participants were asked to listen to and watch (over a video monitor) 180 syllables and to say each syllable out loud quickly and clearly. RESULTS Results of Experiment 1 showed that the 3 VOTs of the audio /pa/ stimuli influenced the VOTs of the participants' produced syllables. Results of Experiment 2 revealed that both the visible syllable rate and audio VOT of the audiovisual /pa/ stimuli influenced the VOTs of the participants' produced syllables. CONCLUSION These results show that, like auditory speech, visual speech information can induce speech alignment to a phonetically relevant property of an utterance.
Orthokeratology for Myopia Control: A Meta-analysis

Purpose To conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of orthokeratology in slowing myopia progression. Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Methodological quality of the literature was evaluated according to the Jadad score. The statistical analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.2. 6 software. Results The present meta-analysis included seven studies (two randomized controlled trials and five nonrandomized controlled trials) with 435 subjects (orthokeratology group, 218; control group, 217) aged 6 to 16 years. The follow-up time was 2 years for the seven studies. The weighted mean difference was −0.26 mm (95% confidence interval, −0.31 to −0.21; p < 0.001) for axial length elongation based on data from seven studies and −0.18 mm (95% confidence interval, −0.33 to −0.03; p = 0.02) for vitreous chamber depth elongation based on data from two studies. Conclusions Our results suggest that orthokeratology may slow myopia progression in children. Further large-scale studies are needed to substantiate the current result and to investigate the long-term effects of orthokeratology in myopia control.
Electrostatics of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers in Membranes

Photosynthetic reaction centers are integral membrane complexes. They have potential application as molecular photovoltaic structures and have been used in diverse technological applications. A three-dimensional electrostatic model of the photosystem I reaction center (PSI) embedded in a lipid membrane is presented. The potential is obtained by solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation with the finite element method (FEM). Simulations showing the potential distribution in a vesicle containing PSI reaction centers under different conditions are presented. The results of the simulations are compared with previous findings and a possible application of PSI to provide light activation of voltage-gated ion channels is discussed
Amyloid-β as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease: quantification methods in body fluids

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by neuronal impairment leading to dramatic changes in brain. Amyloid-β peptides and tau protein are the most promising biomarkers for AD. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma are used to determine the concentration of these species. Since the pathological processes of AD start decades before the first symptoms, biomarkers may provide the possibility of early disease detection. The application of rapidly emerging technology, such as mass spectrometry, has opened new avenues to accelerate biomarker discovery, both for diagnostic as well as for prognostic purposes. This review summarizes AD biomarker studies with focus on amyloid-β peptides in biological fluids and their quantification with immunoassays as well as the latest mass spectrometry-based methods.
The thermal and electrical properties of nano-silicon dioxide filled epoxy systems for use in high voltage insulation

Epoxy resins have proven to be an excellent insulation system in many application due to their excellent mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. This paper details an investigation into micro and nano silicon dioxide (SD and NSD respectively) filled epoxy systems and the resulting thermal and electrical properties of the composite. The effect of addition of the fillers relative to their particle size on the overall properties of a DER 332 epoxy was investigated. The composites were characterised using techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and AC breakdown to analyse the effect the filler has on the composite materials glass transition temperature and uniformity through breakdown variation.
Salvage External Beam Radiotherapy for Recurrent Prostate Adenocarcinoma after High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound as Primary Treatment

Introduction: The main objective was to evaluate feasibility, toxicity and biochemical control rates of salvage external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in recurrent localized prostate cancer after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as primary therapy. Patients and Methods: A total of 24 patients who underwent salvage EBRT after 1 or 2 HIFU sessions and with a minimum post-treatment follow-up of 24 months were retrospectively evaluated. Primary endpoints were toxicity and biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS, defined according to the ASTRO Phoenix definition). Results: Median follow-up was 40.3 months. Gastrointestinal toxicity was low. Acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity grade ≤II rate was 45.8%, with only few patients presenting grade III (8.3%) and grade IV (4.2%) toxicity. Late grade ≥III GU toxicity was registered in 16.7% of patients. The 3-year bDFS rate was 77.8%. Patients achieving a nadir prostate-specific antigen (nPSA) of ≤0.35 ng/ml after EBRT had significantly higher bDFS (3-year bDFS: 87.7 vs. 50%, respectively; p = 0.001). Achieving nPSA ≤0.35 ng/ml was the only factor independently associated to long-term bDFS both on univariate (p = 0.01) and multivariate analysis (HR 7.06, p = 0.039). Conclusions: Salvage EBRT after HIFU failure is feasible and allows to obtain satisfactory biochemical control rates, especially in patients attaining a nPSA ≤0.35 ng/ml after EBRT.
Venous retinal oxygen saturation is independent from nerve fibre layer thickness in glaucoma patients

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Analysis of boron‐10 in soft tissue by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry

We report here a preliminary study in which dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has provided images of boron‐10 (10B) in biological tissue as used in research into boron neutron capture therapy. Cultured tumour cells incubated in media containing known concentrations of a 10B‐containing compound, p‐boronophenylalanine (BPA), and intracranial tumour tissue from animals previously injected with BPA were analysed by an in‐house constructed SIMS. Investigations were conducted in positive secondary ion detection mode using a 25‐keV, 5‐nA gallium primary ion source. For calibration purposes, tissue standards were also analysed and their boron‐to‐carbon signal ratios correlated to bulk boron concentrations measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES). Ion maps of 10B, 12C, 23Na and 39K showing gross tissue and cell features were acquired. SIMS and ICP‐AES standard measurements were in good agreement. Tissue regions with high or low 10B concentrations were identified along with 10B hotspots in normal brain areas. Cultured cells revealed the intracellular localization of 10B. SIMS is capable of producing images showing the distribution of 10B at p.p.m. levels in cells and in normal and tumour‐bearing brain tissue.
Dietary glycine+serine responses of male broilers given low-protein diets with different concentrations of threonine

Abstract 1. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum glycine+serine (Gly+Ser) concentration in low-crude protein (CP) diets that have adequate or high concentrations of dietary threonine (Thr) for broiler chickens in the initial growth phase. 2. Treatments consisted of four concentrations of dietary Gly+Ser (18.4; 19.8; 21.2 and 22.6 g/kg) and two concentrations of dietary Thr (9.3 and 10.7 g/kg, corresponding to 100 and 115% of the required Thr, respectively). 3. At 21d, interactions were observed between dietary Gly+Ser and Thr concentrations for the feed conversion ratio, creatine content in the pectoral muscles and serum concentrations of uric acid. There was a quadratic effect of the concentrations of Gly+Ser in the diets with 9.3 g Thr/kg on the feed conversion ratio and creatine content in the pectoral muscles, with an optimisation concentration of 20.8 and 21.1 g Gly+Ser/kg, respectively. 4. Diets containing 10.7 g Thr/kg negatively affected the feed conversion ratio, relative breast weight, creatine content in the pectoral muscles, serum concentrations of uric acid and ammonia in poultry compared to diets containing 9.3 g Thr/kg. 5. The need for Gly+Ser in diets with low-protein concentration (190 g CP/kg) and adequate concentration of Thr (9.3 g/kg) is 20.8 g/kg for broilers in the 1- to 21-d phase.
Solar Wind Neon from Genesis: Implications for the Lunar Noble Gas Record

Lunar soils have been thought to contain two solar noble gas components with distinct isotopic composition. One has been identified as implanted solar wind, the other as higher-energy solar particles. The latter was puzzling because its relative amounts were much too large compared with present-day fluxes, suggesting periodic, very high solar activity in the past. Here we show that the depth-dependent isotopic composition of neon in a metallic glass exposed on NASA's Genesis mission agrees with the expected depth profile for solar wind neon with uniform isotopic composition. Our results strongly indicate that no extra high-energy component is required and that the solar neon isotope composition of lunar samples can be explained as implantation-fractionated solar wind.
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema, and sensitization in two areas with differing climates

In this 5‐year follow‐up study we compared the prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema, and sensitization, in relation to several background factors, in two Swedish regions (Göteborg and Kiruna). In Göteborg, a city on the southwest coast, the climate is mild and humid. Kiruna is a town north of the Arctic Circle. Questionnaire replies and results of interviews were collected from all 412 7–8‐year‐old children of a population‐based sample (203 in Göteborg and 209 in Kiruna); in addition, 192 children from Göteborg and 205 from Kiruna were skin‐prick tested for sensitization to common aero‐allergens. After 5 years, at 12–13 years of age, almost all of the initial study cohort were re‐investigated. At follow‐up the prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis was 17%, eczema 23%, and sensitization 32%. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema were as common in Göteborg as in Kiruna, whereas sensitization was far more common in Kiruna. Children born during the pollen season had allergic rhinoconjunctivitis less often – and were sensitized to pollen and animal protein less often – than those born during the rest of the year. Sensitization to birch pollen, cat protein, and horse protein was less common in children living in Göteborg, the region with the highest frequency of cat ownership and horseback riding, and with the longest birch‐pollen season. The girls were more commonly horseback riders but the boys were more often sensitized to horses. The results reinforce our previous findings: indoor climate may affect the development of sensitization and allergic diseases, to some extent independently; and if exposure to antigen is unavoidable, high doses might be better than low doses.