Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parasitism, reproduction and sexual selection of roach, Rutilus rutilus L

Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston matemaattis-luonnontieteellisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston Ambiotica-rakennuksen salissa (YAA303) tammikuun 18. päivänä 2003 kello 12. Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Mathematics and Science of the University of Jyväskylä, in the Building Ambiotica, Auditorium YAA303, on January 18, 2003 at 12 o'clock noon.
VALUE PLURALISM & NEGATIVE FREEDOM IN CANADIAN EDUCATION: THE TRINITY AND SURREY CASES

ABSTRACT. This paper revolves around two recently decided cases by the Supreme Court of Canada that illustrate how that Court views fundamental legal rights in terms of public policy and administrative decision making by creatures of statute in a free society. The protagonists in each case differ, as do the legal arguments, but the salient socio-political issues are the same, the conflict between value pluralism and value monism, and what Isaiah Berlin calls positive and negative liberty. That is, should society enforce one set of values over all others, and if not, when, if ever, ought public values enshrined in law, trump private values that are also legally protected? Based upon the Court's approach to resolving incommensurable rights in conflict this paper reflects on how educational policy and decision makers might deal with that conundrum by considering matters of positive and negative liberty from a communitarian perspective white nurturing value pluralism, and freedom. PLURALISME ET LIBERTE INDIVIDUELLE DANS L'EDUCATION AU CANADA: LES CAUSES DE TRINITY ET DE SURREY RESUME Cette etude porte sur deux recentes decisions rendues par la Cour supreme du Canada qui illustrent comment cette Cour interprete les droits juridiques fondamentaux en matiere de politique publique et de prise de decision administrative par la creation de lois dans une societe libre. Dans les deux cas, les protagonistes et les arguments juridiques different, mais les enjeux socio-politiques importants sont les memes, soit le conflit entre le pluralisme et le monisme et ce que Isaiah Berlin appelle liberte sociale et liberte individuelle. Plus precisement, la societe doit-elle imposer un ensemble de valeurs plutot qu'un autre, et, sinon, dans quelles situations, le cas echeant, les valeurs publiques enchâssees dans la loi devraient-elles l'emporter sur les valeurs privees qui sont egalement protegees par la loi? L'etude, qui se fonde sur l'approche de la Cour pour prendre des decisions relativement a des droits incommensurables conflictuels, examine de quelle facon les decideurs dans le domaine educatif peuvent envisager cette enigme en prenant en consideration les questions de liberte sociale et individuelle d'un point de vue communautarien, tout en cultivant le pluralisme et la liberte.
With a Little Help from the Opposition? Relaxing Term Limits in the Argentine Provinces, 1983–2017

How do incumbents manage to relax term limits when they cannot impose their preferences unilaterally? Interpreting constitutional reforms as a bargaining game between a term-limited executive and the opposition, we argue that reforms involving term limits should be more likely when (a) the incumbent party can change the constitution unilaterally, or (b) the opposition is pessimistic about its future electoral prospects; moreover, (c) this second effect should be stronger when a single opposition party has veto power over a reform because this precludes the executive from playing a “divide-and-rule” strategy. We examine these claims with data from the Argentine provinces between 1983 and 2017. In line with expectations, the results show that the probability of initiating a reform is highest when the executive's party controls a supermajority of seats, but falls sharply when a single opposition party has veto power over a reform and this party expects to do well in the next executive election.
Parsec scale Faraday-rotation structure across the jets of nine active galactic nuclei

A number of groups have recently been active in searching for gradients in the ob- served Faraday rotation measure (RM) across jets of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) on various scales and estimating their reliability. Such RM structures provide direct evidence for the presence of an azimuthal magnetic field component, which may be associated with a helical jet magnetic field, as is expected based on the results of many theoretical studies. We present new parsec-scale RM maps of 4 AGNs here, and analyze their transverse RM structures together with those for 5 previously published RM maps. All these jets display transverse RM gradients with significances of at least 3{\sigma}. This is part of an ongoing effort to establish how common transverse RM gradients that may be associated with helical or toroidal magnetic fields are in AGNs on parsec scales.
International TFP Dynamics and Human Capital Stocks: A Panel Data Analysis, 1960-2003

This paper adopts a fixed-effect panel methodology that enables us to take into account both TFP and neoclassical convergence. We use a sample of 76 countries, 1960-2003 and estimate TFP values obtained by using different estimators such as LSDV, Kiviet-corrected LSDV, and GMM A la Arellano and Bond. In our estimates, cross-country TFP dynamics shows that most countries in the sample do not catch up with the USA. We also find conditional convergence in TFP levels and that human capital acts as a robust enhancing factor of technology adoption, as suggested by Nelson and Phelps in 1966. In contrast with previous evidence, in our results even very low level of human capital stocks allow a country to enter a "conditional TFP convergence club" â€“ a result again consistent with the original version of the Nelson-Phelps hypothesis. Further, our results imply a plausible link between stages of development and returns to different levels of education. Finally, the positive influence of human capital on technology catch up is robust to the inclusion of controls for a country's institutional quality.
Real overvaluation, terms of trade shocks, and the cost to agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa

Starting from the premise that agriculture should be pivotal in the structural transformation and economic development of sub - Saharan Africa, the author addresses two related issues. First, the extent to which policy induced distortions influence the structure of incentives for agriculture (with direct distortions induced by policies aimed directly at agriculture distinguished from indirect policies aimed at the economy's macroeconomic management). The second issue is how these distortions affect agriculture's growth, given other growth fundamentals. Preliminary analysis of evidence in sub - Saharan Africa links the observed declines in agriculture and the general worsening of economic conditions to economic distortions. A more rigorous analysis, using data from the Sudan, an African country with a sizable agricultural economy, strongly supports the predictions of an endogenous growth model, which states the deleterious effects of economic distortions on growth.
Interaction of Self-Regulation and Contextual Effects on Pre-attentive Auditory Processing: A Combined EEG/ECG Study

Environmental changes are not always within the focus of our attention, and sensitive reactions (i.e., quicker and stronger responses) can be essential for an organism's survival and adaptation. Here we report that neurophysiological responses to sound changes that are not in the focus of attention are related to both ambient acoustic contexts and regulation ability. We assessed electroencephalograph (EEG) mismatch negativity (MMN) latency and amplitude in response to sound changes in two contexts: ascending and descending pitch sequences while participants were instructed to attend to muted videos. Prolonged latency and increased amplitude of MMN at fronto-central region occurred in ascending pitch sequences relative to descending sequences. We also assessed how regulation related to the contextual effects on MMN. Reactions to changes in the ascending sequence were observed with the attention control (frontal EEG theta/beta ratio) indicating speed of reaction, and the autonomous regulation (heart-rate variability) indicating intensity of reaction. Moreover, sound changes in the ascending context were associated with more activation of anterior cingulate cortex and insula, suggesting arousal effects and regulation processes. These findings suggest that the relation between speed and intensity is not fixed and may be modified by contexts and self-regulation ability. Specifically, cortical and cardiovascular indicators of self-regulation may specify different aspects of response sensitivity in terms of speed and intensity.
Export market orientation behavior of universities: the British scenario

This study seeks to extend our knowledge of export market orientation (EMO) in the context of British universities with regard to recruitment of international students. Export marketing remains an area of limited focus in the marketization of higher education literature. The study predominantly follows a quantitative research design using survey methods. A sample of British universities was studied and partial least-squares analysis was performed. The findings indicate that four export higher education-specific variables are important drivers of EMO in universities. The paper also confirms EMO's direct effects on university export performance and its indirect effects mediated through university international reputation. In light of these findings, a number of implications are advanced for university management. The study also makes important theoretical contributions: it contributes to a growing body of literature on marketing of higher education; it enriches the export marketing literature by examining EMO in a service setting and it adds to the EMO–export performance relationship by examining the mediating role of international reputation. The findings are limited to British universities. Therefore, they may not be generalizable to other geographical areas. In addition, the results of this study were obtained from a small sample size and generalization of the findings to other higher education institutions should be made with caution.
Phytoremediation technologies for Ni ++ by water hyacinth

Phytoremediation of metal contaminated soil and water by Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is promising. The study was conducted to compare the phytoremoval of Ni ++ from soil and wastewater. For the measurement of phytoremoval from soil, E. crassipes was used in a pot experiment. Results showed the removal of (Ni) 24.23 μg/g dry weight of plant and large level calculations show removal of 3449.76 kg/ha of soil, corresponding to 25 μg/g of the added Ni ++ . In the second experiment, Ni ++ contaminated Hoagland’s solution was used for the hydroponic growth of water hyacinth. The result of hydroponic experiment showed the phytoremoval of Ni ++ from Ni ++ contaminated wastewater; maximum removal was 1.954 μg/g of dry weight. In third experiment, ash of water hyacinth was used for the adsorption and desorption of Ni ++ . The adsorption capacity was 1.978 μg/g of ash. For the extraction (desorption) of Ni ++ , 3 M HNO 3 was used. Desorption capacity was 3.71 μg/g of ash. The results of comparative study show order of nickel phytoremediation from soil to be greater than that from water by adsorption which was greater than that from water by hydroponic study. For phytoremoval of Ni ++ from soil and water, water hyacinth plant and its ash showed excellence. The desorbed Ni ++ can be used in the industries e.g. in Ni plating. Keywords: Nickel, phytoremediation, soil, waste water, water hyacinth, biosorption
Astaxanthin Formation by the Yeast Phaffia rhodozyma

Summary: The production of carotenoid pigments by the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma depended on the culture conditions. Astaxanthin, the primary carotenoid in this yeast, was produced mainly during the exponential phase of growth. The concentration of carotenes in P. rhodozyma remained relatively constant [about 5 μg (g yeast)−1] throughout growth in a 1.5% (w/v) glucose medium, but the xanthophyll concentration increased from 90 to 406 μg (g yeast)−1 during fermentation. Active xanthophyll synthesis occurred during the period of accelerating growth and after exhaustion of glucose from the growth medium. In media containing more than 1.5% (w/v) glucose, however, yeast and carotenoid yields were considerably reduced. The pH of the medium affected yeast yields and carotenoid production; the optimum pH was 5.0. At pH 3.5, β-zeacarotene accumulated in P. rhodozyma. β-Carotene was the primary carotene in the yeast under all other conditions tested. The optimum temperature for yeast growth and pigment formation was 20 to 22.C and the best carbon source was d-cellobiose. Oxygen was an important substrate for optimum yields of yeast and astaxanthin; under microaerophilic growth conditions, astaxanthin production was drastically decreased and P. rhodozyma accumulated β-carotene and the monoketone echinenone.
0 DTIC AG 0 3 1988 u SLI ZL-CTE Mlo Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Hypertension with Implications for the Clinical Nurse Specialist

SHypertension is a ubiquitous and life-threatening disease. It is a major risk factor in the etiology of most cardiovascular diseases. A U.S. Health Survey report has concluded from screening data that 60,000,000 U.S. adults have hypertension. Traditionally, this disease has been treated pharmocologically. This approach has been found to be effective particularly in the treatment of moderate hypertension. Unfortunately, antihypertensive medications also cause many undesirable side effects, and their cost can be quite significant. Therfore, alternate methods of control have been proposed and researched. These methods include relaxation, meditation and biofeedback. Many of these alternate methods, although behaviorally related, have physiologic rationale. In this paper an overview of the pharmacologic treatments and a more detailed desciption of the behavioral approaches will be presented. Also a critical review of the research findings pertaining to the behavioral methods of treatment will be included. Finally, a discussion of the implications for the Clinical Nurse Specialist dealing in this area will be presented. (XT.
Construction and characterization of infectious inter-genotypic Hepatitis C Virus chimeras

A major impediment in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) research and drug development has been the lack of a culture system supporting virus production. This obstacle was recently overcome by using JFH1-based full-length genomes that allow the production of infectious viruses both in vitro and in vivo. Despite such improvement, the system was restricted to two structural gene sequences (JFH1 and J6), both derived from the genotype 2a, limiting comparative studies between different HCV strains. The system was thus extended by the creation of a series of inter-genotypic HCV chimeras that allow the production of infectious genotypes 1a, 1b and 3a particles, even if with a less efficiency in terms of productivity compared with the wild type JFH1 strain. In the present study, based on the JFH1 strain, we generated two novel chimeric HCV constructs in which only the sequences encoding for the E1 and/or E2 glycoprotein ectodomains are substituted from JFH1 to the Con1 strain (genotype 1b). The entire structural region is maintained of the infectious strain JFH1, with the exception of the soluble portion of E1 and/or E2, allowing comparative analysis of the impact of such regions on virus morphogenesis. Both JFH1/Con1E1E2 and JFH/Con1E2 chimeric constructs are able to replicate in hepatic cells. Importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that the E1E2 heterodimer formation is not hampered by the ectodomain swapping since glycoproteins from genotypes 2a and 1b can correctly interact each other. Nevertheless, none of the chimeric constructs allow the production of infectious viral particles. This evidence first suggests a specific role of E1 and E2 glycoproteins in HCV particle morphogenesis, and it is corroborated by several experiments. In particular we examined the JFH/Con1E2 construct, in which only the E2 ectodomain region is swapped from genotype 2a to 1b, by confocal microscopy analysis, trans-complementation experiments and by evaluating the presence of HCV infectious particle precursor within transfected cells. Overall our data provide strong evidences that the E2 ectodomain is involved in the HCV assembly through a genotype-specific interplay with the remaining viral structural proteins. As consequence, in the case of inter-genotypic chimeras, genetic incompatibility between JFH1 backbone and the E2 structural protein of genotype 1b dramatically affects the production of viral particles in our system. One of the most likely involved protein in such interactions seems to be NS2, the role of which was recently demonstrated as crucial in the HCV assembly/release processes. However this remains a hypothesis that needs to be verified in order to define the relationships among HCV proteins.
Participation Good News for the Future ? Young People , Internet Use , and Political

The role of traditional media and the Internet in relation to young people’s political participation has attracted a great deal of scholarly attention. Starting from a notion of differential media use and an encompassing notion of political participation, this article tests the relationships between media use (newspaper, television, and Internet) and offline and online forms of political participation. Findings from a national survey (n = 2,409, age 16 to 24) reveal that a variety of Internet uses are positively related with different forms of political participation, whereas the relationship between most uses of traditional media and participation are weak, albeit positive. The study rejects the predictive power of duration of media use but finds support for the type of media use. Positive relationships between online communication and noninformational uses of the Internet vis-à-vis participation are found. The research demonstrates how a wider and more contemporary conception of political participation, together with more detailed measures of media use, can help to gain better insight in the roles media can play in affecting participatory behavior among the Internet generation.
Tax Evasion, Information Reporting, and the Regressive Bias Hypothesis

A robust prediction from the tax evasion literature is that optimal auditing induces a regressive bias in effective tax rates compared to statutory rates. If correct, this will have important distributional consequences. Nevertheless, the regressive bias hypothesis has never been tested empirically. Using a unique data set, we provide evidence in favor of the regressive bias prediction but only when controlling for the tax agency's use of third-party information in predicting true incomes. In aggregate data, the regressive bias vanishes because of the systematic use of third-party information. These results are obtained both in simple reduced-form regressions and in a data-calibrated state-of-the-art model.
Listening for Large Whales in the Offshore Waters of Alaska

Abstract In 1999, the first phase of a multiyear program was initiated at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Mammal Laboratory and Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory to advance the use of passive acoustics for the detection and assessment of large whales in offshore Alaskan waters. To date, autonomous recorders have been successfully deployed in the Gulf of Alaska (1999–2001), the southeastern Bering Sea (2000–present), and the western Beaufort Sea (2003–2004). Seasonal occurrences of six endangered species (blue, fin, humpback, North Pacific right, bowhead, and sperm whales) have been documented on the basis of call receptions in these remote ocean regions. In addition, eastern North Pacific gray whale calls were detected in the western Beaufort Sea from October 2003 through May 2004. Here we provide an overview of this suite of research projects and suggest the next steps for applying acoustic data from long-term recorders to the assessment of large whale populations.
Beef cattle distribution patterns on foothill range.

A 3-year experiment designed to quantify the spatial and temporal utilization patterns of range sites by beef cattle on summer foothill range was conducted on the Wick Brothers Management Unit of the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission, 8 km w. of Arlington, Wyo. The grazing seasons, in replicate pastures, were from 15 July-9 August, 15 June-26 July, and 15 June-2 August in 1980, 1981, and 1982, respectively. Daily observations were made of radio-telemetry collared cattle (3 per pasture). Cattle dispersion was constrained by the spatial distribution of water and slope. Across 3 seasons, 77% of observed use was within 366 m of water. Approximately 65% of the land area was beyond 723 m from water and sustained only 12% of observed use. Cattle concentrated use (79%) on slopes less than 7%. Consequently 35% of the area, on or surrounded by slopes > 10%, received only 7% of observed use. Loamy, grazable woodland and wetland/subirrigated range sites were most preferred and accounted for over 65% of observed use while occupying less than 35% of the land area. Overall, coarse upland, very shallow and shallow loamy sites were not preferred; however, site preference varied as areas further from water were utilized. Observed use was significantly (P < 0.10) correlated (r 0.41 to 0.69) with standing crop and crude protein standing crop over various growth form characteristics of the forage component. Associated stepwise regression models accounted for 44 to 73% of the variation in observed use over the 1982 grazing season. As the forage complex became more similar, in terms of standing crop and crude protein content, significantly less (P < 0.05) variation in use was accounted for by the forage variables (0-37%).