Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Detection and Intervention of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically identified in early toddlerhood. Both retrospective and prospective follow up studies of high risk infants reveal early risk signs of ASD at 12-24 months of age. The most frequently replicated early signs of ASD are atypical visual tracking and coordination, lack of social reciprocity, abnor- mal social communication and unusual patterns of manipulating objects, atypical sensory exploration, expressed as uncoordinated eye contact, unresponsiveness to naming, lack of social smile, delayed development of nonverbal communication and joint attention, less sharing interest, and unusually repetitive use of objects. Early intervention, before 2 years of age, appears to change the underlying developmental trajectories of the brain in indi- viduals with ASD. In this review, the early risk signs of ASD in infancy and toddlerhood, along with early intervention and their implications, are discussed.
Multiple targets of workplace affective commitment: Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Workplace Affective Commitment Multidimensional Questionnaire

Employees could be affectively committed towards at least eight work-related targets: organization, career, co-workers, supervisor, tasks, profession, customers, and work. The WACMQ (Workplace Affective Commitment Multidimensional Questionnaire) was recently developed to assess these targets. This study used confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) to test alternative factor structures, relying on a sample of 404 Canadian workers. The measurement invariance of the model across gender and linguistic groups was also examined. CFAs generally supported a 7-factor structure over the original 8-factor model, showing that two targets (profession and tasks) rather formed a single factor (occupation). Finally, CFAs supported the measurement invariance of the WACMQ across gender and language versions. In addition to this substantive purpose, this study was also designed as a methodological illustration of Millsap and Tein’s (2004) procedure for the evaluation of the measurement invariance of * Requests for reprints should be addressed to Alexandre J.S. Morin, University of Sherbrooke, Department of Psychology. 2500 boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, J1K 2R1. e-mail: alexandre.morin@usherbrooke.ca No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. Alexandre J. S. Morin, Isabelle Madore, Julien Morizot et al. 46 CFA models for ordered-categorical items, as supplemented by Cheung and Rensvold’s (1999) recommendations for the post-hoc probing of non-invariant factor models.
Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models II: Information Gains of Multiplicative Hybrids

The Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models experiment in California tested the performance of earthquake likelihood models over a five‐year period. First‐order analysis showed a smoothed‐seismicity model by Helmstetter et al. (2007) to be the best model. We construct optimal multiplicative hybrids involving the best individual model as a baseline and one or more conjugate models. Conjugate models are transformed using an order‐preserving function. Two parameters for each conjugate model and an overall normalizing constant are fitted to optimize the hybrid model. Many two‐model hybrids have an appreciable information gain (log probability gain) per earthquake relative to the best individual model. For the whole of California, the Bird and Liu (2007) Neokinema and Holliday et al. (2007) pattern informatics (PI) models both give gains close to 0.25. For southern California, the Shen et al. (2007) geodetic model gives a gain of more than 0.5, and several others give gains of about 0.2. The best three‐model hybrid for the whole region has the Neokinema and PI models as conjugates. The best three‐model hybrid for southern California has the Shen et al. (2007) and PI models as conjugates. The information gains of the best multiplicative hybrids are greater than those of additive hybrids constructed from the same set of models. The gains tend to be larger when the contributing models involve markedly different concepts or data. These results need to be confirmed by further prospective tests. Multiplicative hybrids will be useful for assimilating other earthquake‐related observations into forecasting models and for combining forecasting models at all timescales.
Sexual risk history and condom use among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ogun State, Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION The majority of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are acquired through unprotected sex between partners; only male or female condoms can reduce the chances of infection with HIV during a sexual act. AIM This study was therefore designed to describe sexual risk history and identify factors associated with condom use among people living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHAs) in Ogun State, Nigeria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Main outcome measures are sexual and HIV risk history, safe sex practices, and condom use. METHODS This study is an analytical cross-sectional study. A total sample of all people living with HIV/AIDS attending secondary health facilities in Ogun State were recruited into the study. RESULT A total of 637 were interviewed; median age at first sexual intercourse among the study participants was 19 years (mean age = 18.95, standard deviation [SD] = 4.148) with a median of two lifetime sexual partners (mean = 3.22, SD = 3.57). Majority (71.4%) of the respondents had not been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection other than HIV. Precisely 47.7% of men and 52.3% of women had two or more sexual partners in the last 6 months. Men were statistically significantly more likely to have multiple sexual partners when compared with women (P = 0.00). Significantly more women (69.8%) than men (30%) had sexual partners whose HIV status they did not know (P = 0.006). Predictors of condom use were individuals who had multiple sexual partners (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-1.83) and married (OR = 3.13, CI = 1.15-8.51) with higher level of education (OR = 2.78, CI = 1.39-5.79), with knowledge of partner's serostatus (OR = 2.53, CI = 1.50-4.28), and awareness of reinfection (OR = 1.90, CI = 1.22-2.95). CONCLUSION The study indicates that the establishment of effective safe sex practices and condom use behavior among PLWHAs in low-income countries such as the study population requires adequate health education on the transmission of HIV/AIDS and the understanding of the dynamics of family life and gender issues.
Reconciling two notions of quantum operator disagreement: Entropic uncertainty relations and information scrambling, united through quasiprobabilities

How violently do two quantum operators disagree? Different fields of physics feature different measures of incompatibility: (i) In quantum information theory, entropic uncertainty relations constrain measurement outcomes. (ii) In condensed matter and high-energy physics, the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) signals scrambling, the spread of information through many-body entanglement. We unite these measures, deriving entropic uncertainty relations for scrambling. The entropies are of distributions over weak and strong measurements' possible outcomes. Weakness causes the OTOC quasiprobability (a nonclassical generalization of a probability, in terms of which the OTOC decomposes) to govern terms in the uncertainty bound. Scrambling strengthens the bound, we show, in numerical simulations of a spin chain. Beyond scrambling, we derive entropic uncertainty relations satisfied by commonly performed weak-measurement experiments. We unveil a physical significance of common quasiprobabilities and weak values (conditioned expectation values): as governing terms in entropic uncertainty bounds.
Association Between Occupational, Pregnancy Hazards, Psychosocial Factors, and Preterm Birth

Background: Preterm labor (PTL) is a leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality as well as short- and long- term disability. The aim of this study is to; determine the association between occupational, pregnancy hazards, psychosocial factors and preterm birth. A case-control design was selected in carrying out this study and a representative sample of 300 parturient women (150 with preterm labor and 150 with term labor) were recruited for this study. The tool used for data collection was; a structured interview sheet to collect data about age, name, education, occupation, pregnancy hazards, psychosocial factors associated with preterm birth. The results of the present study revealed that, the risk of having preterm labor was significantly increased with increased weekly working hours (43 hours and more/w), rising standing hours (more than 6 hours/d) and carrying heavy loads (more than 20 kg). Also PTL women were more likely to have stress, low social support, more exposed to pregnancy hazards, and unsafe environment. It can be concluded that; preterm birth was significantly associated with bad occupational factors, low psychosocial support, excessive exposing to pregnancy hazards, and unsafe environment. The study recommended that; performing programs, like increased prenatal visit, patients education, home visits, nutritional counseling, social and psychological support and identifying and treating maternal illnesses and antenatal complications are essential to avoid preterm birth.
In vitro versus in vivo effects of triptolide: the role of transcriptional inhibition

Background: The mode of action of triptolide, the active ingredient of an anti-inflammatory Chinese herbal remedy, has been investigated in vitro and in vivo. Prior reports suggested that triptolide specifically inhibits the nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB. Methods: In vitro effects of triptoilde on cytokine release and cellular transcription were measured in A549 and THP-1 cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and incorporation of radiolabeled uridine, respectively. Levels and translocation of the transcription factor NF-kB in vitro were monitored by western blot. Arthritic mice were treated with triptolide, up to 0.5 mg/kg/day for 21 days, and inflammation was evaluated. Taqman analysis was performed on RNA isolated from the arthritic paws to determine relative levels of various cytokines in response to in vivo triptolide treatment. Results: In vitro, triptolide inhibited cellular transcription in A549 and THP-1 cells with IC50 values of 139 nM and 105 nM, respectively, similar to that for i.
RECONSTRUCTING THE STELLAR MASS DISTRIBUTIONS OF GALAXIES USING S4G IRAC 3.6 AND 4.5 μm IMAGES. II. THE CONVERSION FROM LIGHT TO MASS

We present a new approach for estimating the 3.6 μm stellar mass-to-light (M/L) ratio ϒ3.6 in terms of the [3.6]–[4.5] colors of old stellar populations. Our approach avoids several of the largest sources of uncertainty in existing techniques using population synthesis models. By focusing on mid-IR wavelengths, we gain a virtually dust extinction-free tracer of the old stars, avoiding the need to adopt a dust model to correctly interpret optical or optical/near-IR colors normally leveraged to assign the mass-to-light ratio ϒ. By calibrating a new relation between near-IR and mid-IR colors of giant stars observed in GLIMPSE we also avoid the discrepancies in model predictions for the [3.6]–[4.5] colors of old stellar populations due to uncertainties in the molecular line opacities assumed in template spectra. We find that the [3.6]–[4.5] color, which is driven primarily by metallicity, provides a tight constraint on ϒ3.6, which varies intrinsically less than at optical wavelengths. The uncertainty on ϒ3.6 of ∼0.07 dex due to unconstrained age variations marks a significant improvement on existing techniques for estimating the stellar M/L with shorter wavelength data. A single ϒ3.6 = 0.6 (assuming a Chabrier initial mass function (IMF)), independent of [3.6]–[4.5] color, is also feasible because it can be applied simultaneously to old, metal-rich and young, metal-poor populations, and still with comparable (or better) accuracy (∼0.1 dex) than alternatives. We expect our ϒ3.6 to be optimal for mapping the stellar mass distributions in S4G galaxies, for which we have developed an independent component analysis technique to first isolate the old stellar light at 3.6 μm from nonstellar emission (e.g., hot dust and the 3.3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon feature). Our estimate can also be used to determine the fractional contribution of nonstellar emission to global (rest-frame) 3.6 μm fluxes, e.g., in WISE imaging, and establishes a reliable basis for exploring variations in the stellar IMF.
Conceptual Evolution of the Theory and Modeling of the Tropical Cyclone

Dynamically, the tropical cyclone is a mesoscale power plant with a synoptic-scale supportive system. By the early 1960's, the general structure and energetics of the system and basic components of the supportive mechanism were fairly well documented by the instrumented aircraft observation of hurricanes and through the diagnostic interpretation of the data. The prognostic theory which would have unified these basic findings in a dynamically coherent framework had a more difficult time emerging. When a viable theory finally emerged, a change in the theoretical perception of the problem was necessary. The parameterization of cumulus convection was an important technical factor in the reduction of a multiscale interaction problem to a mathematically tractable form. Nevertheless, it was the change in our perception of the basic problem and the re-arrangement of priorities that made the parameterization a tolerable substitute for real clouds. Even then, the validity and limitation of the new theory, known as CISK, were fully appreciated only through careful experiments with nonlinear numerical models. In the meantime, the mathematical simplicity of certain parameterization schemes enticed many to apply the schemes to other tropical disturbances, including the easterly wave, in the traditional idiom of linear stability analysis. More confusion than enlightenment often ensued as mathematics overran ill-defined physics. With further advances in numerical modeling, the interest in tropical cyclone research shifted from conceptual understanding of an idealized system to quantitative simulation of the detail of real cyclones, and it became clear that the intuitive parameterization of whole clouds would have to be discarded. Now that some models have returned to explicit calculation of the cloud scale, one may wonder if all the exercises with parameterized convection were an unfortunate detour in the history of tropical cyclone modeling. The answer depends on one's philosophical view of "progress. "
EVOLUTION OF THE QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION OVER 3 < z < 5 IN THE COSMOS SURVEY FIELD

We investigate the high-redshift quasar luminosity function (QLF) down to an apparent magnitude of IAB = 25 in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS). Careful analysis of the extensive COSMOS photometry and imaging data allows us to identify and remove stellar and low-redshift contaminants, enabling a selection that is nearly complete for type-1 quasars at the redshifts of interest. We find 155 likely quasars at z > 3.1, 39 of which have prior spectroscopic confirmation. We present our sample in detail and use these confirmed and likely quasars to compute the rest-frame UV QLF in the redshift bins 3.1 < z < 3.5 and 3.5 < z < 5. The space density of faint quasars decreases by roughly a factor of four from z ∼ 3.2 to z ∼ 4, with faint-end slopes of β ∼ −1.7 at both redshifts. The decline in space density of faint optical quasars at z > 3 is similar to what has been found for more luminous optical and X-ray quasars. We compare the rest-frame UV luminosity functions found here with the X-ray luminosity function at z > 3, and find that they evolve similarly between z ∼ 3.2 and z ∼ 4; however, the different normalizations imply that roughly 75% of X-ray bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z ∼ 3–4 are optically obscured. This fraction is higher than found at lower redshift and may imply that the obscured, type-2 fraction continues to increase with redshift at least to z ∼ 4. Finally, the implications of the results derived here for the contribution of quasars to cosmic reionization are discussed.
incremental exercise physiological responses to moderate-intensity and supplementation on blood pressure and the Acute and chronic effects of dietary nitrate

299:R1121-R1131, 2010. First published 11 August 2010; Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Jones Pavey, Daryl P. Wilkerson, Nigel Benjamin, Paul G. Winyard and Andrew M. Anni Vanhatalo, Stephen J. Bailey, Jamie R. Blackwell, Fred J. DiMenna, Toby G. incremental exercise physiological responses to moderate-intensity and supplementation on blood pressure and the Acute and chronic effects of dietary nitrate
Model Checks Using Residual Marked Empirical Processes

This paper proposes omnibus and directional tests for testing the goodness-of-fit of a parametric regression time series model. We use a general class of residual marked empirical processes as the building-blocks for estimation and testing of such models. First, we establish a weak convergence theorem under mild assumptions, which allows us to study in a unified way the asymptotic null distribution of the test statistics and their asymptotic behavior against Pitman's local alternatives. To approximate the asymptotic null distribution of test statistics we justify theoretically a bootstrap procedure. Also, some asymptotic theory for the estimation of the principal components of the residual marked processes is considered. This asymptotic theory is used to derive optimal directional tests and efficient estimation of regression parameters. Finally, a Monte Carlo study shows that the bootstrap and the asymptotic results provide good approximations for small sample sizes and an empirical application to the Canadian lynx data set is considered.
CHAPTER 8 Advances in Vocational Psychology Theory and Research

The emergence of vocational psychology as a field of study occurred in response to pressing social concerns early in the twentieth century: children's welfare and the resultant labor laws, the indus­ trial revolution, population shifts from rural to urban areas, large-scale immigration, and prepar­ ing youth for labor force participation. Likewise, changing economic and social conditions fueled evolution of the field of vocational psychology throughout the remainder of this century. Voca­ tional psychologists were, by definition, applied psychologists. An implication is that practice often preceded theory, as scholars and practitioners addressed real-world concerns of individuals, such as youth entering the workforce, returning veterans, or unemployed adults during economic depressions or recessions. As we enter the new millenium, we are confronted by new challenges. The very nature of the workforce is changing-increasing diversity in terms of racelethnicity, sex, and age, temporary versus permanent workers, and part-time versus full-time workers. Rapid technological changes make workers' skills obsolete. Moreover, global economic and market factors influence the nature of competition and job opportunities. Few vocational psychologists would question the significant impact of Parsons's (1909/1989) work; we are now poised to make equally significant contributions to the twenty-first century. To retain a vital role, though, we need to address these concerns in a fashion worthy of our predecessors-that is, in a way that accounts for the complexity of human experience, across the variety of intersecting roles throughout the life span, and with a balance of theoretical insight and pragmatic solutions. Our goal is to review theory and research regarding vocational psychology, keeping in mind the connections between our past and our future. We address two interconnected bodies of literature. First, we focus on established and emergent theories of career development and vocational behav­ ior, emphasizing new theoretical formulations as well as recent empirical study. Second, we sum­ marize theoretical and empirical literature regarding vocational interests. We decided to include the latter section based on the volume of work that has been conducted since the last major review of vocational interests in the first edition of the Handbook (Hansen, 1984). These two bodies of literature represent the scholarly traditions of vocational psychology: Theories of career develop­ ment were proffered in an attempt to explain observed behavior regarding vocational choice and adjustment over the life span, and the sustained focus on vocational interests exemplifies the at he­ oretical, empirically driven origins of vocational psychology.
Bilateral variations in the branching pattern of brachial artery

Multiple bilateral variations in the course and branching pattern of the brachial arteries were recorded in a 70-year-old male cadaver during the routine dissection carried in the practical sessions of the medical students of Hashemite University in Jordan. The right main brachial artery divided in the upper third of arm into the medial and lateral brachial branches. The medial brachial artery descended as the usual brachial artery with the median nerve crossing anteriorly from the medial to lateral side. In the cubital fossa, under the bicipital aponeurosis, it ended by dividing into the superficial ulnar and radial arteries. The lateral brachial artery descended posterolateral to the median nerve and continued in the cubital fossa as the common interosseous artery where it divided into the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries deep to pronator teres. The left brachial artery was smaller in size, and bifurcated high in the arm into the superficial radial and ulnar arteries. Unexpectedly, the left radial artery in the cubital fossa, gave origin to the common interosseous artery, which descended deep to pronator teres where it divided into the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries. These variations are thoroughly discussed and compared with previously published findings, and their clinical significances are highlighted.
Diversity, Employee Morale and Customer Satisfaction: The Three Musketeers

This study explores the relationship between diversity and customer satisfaction mediated by employee morale. The study was conducted on the frontline employees of 6 multinational fast food restaurant chains and customers of those fast food restaurants in Karachi, Pakistan. The data on diversity and employee morale was collected from employees through self-reported questionnaires while data on customer satisfaction was gathered from customers dining in those restaurants. A convenience based sample of 235 respondents was taken for the study. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling were run to test the relationship and significance of the model. The results rejected the mediated relationship of diversity and customer satisfaction but showed positive direct association between diversity and employee morale.