Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ Conceptions of the Curriculum Review Process

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore and describe teachers’ conceptions of curriculum review within the context of educational change in South Africa. Teachers are critical change agents in the curriculum review process as they are the curriculum implementers. Accordingly, their conceptions about curriculum will determine the success or failure of any curriculum review. This study investigated what these conceptions are and how they may possibly influence curriculum implementation in the future. The study employs a qualitative design using interviews, for which ten teachers were purposefully selected . The study revealed that teachers are weary of educational review and there was confusion and uncertainty about the anticipated review and its purpose. It was also unclear what the review seeks to achieve, particularly as the teachers seek to reconcile what they know with the new knowledge they receive and their teaching contexts. The findings also showed that curriculum review remains a foreign concept for most of the teachers as well as presenting challenges to their existing conceptions and beliefs about curriculum review practices. The study emphasised that teacher support remains the cornerstone of the success of every curriculum innovation. Recommendations are formulated to support teachers to implement the curriculum successfully.
Comparative performance of Vanaraja and Indigenous chicken under backyard system of rearing

Performance in terms of body weight, age at first egg, egg production, egg weight, fertility, hatchability and mortality of Vanaraja and Indigenous chicken of Assam were studied under backyard system of rearing and their respective values were compared between two varieties. The overall mean body weight was significantly (P≤0.05) higher in Vanaraja than indigenous birds. The mean age at first egg was recorded as 187.45±1.02 days in case of Vanaraja and in indigenous chicken it was recorded as 201.31±2.03. There is also a significant (P≤0.05) difference of age at first egg between Vanaraja and indigenous chicken. The mean egg production up to 32, 40 and 52 weeks of age in Vanaraja were recorded as 33.13±0.11, 52.08±0.32 and 87.29±1.02 numbers respectively and in case of indigenous chicken, the corresponding values were recorded as 10.21±0.03, 27.82±0.18 and 43.57±0.72 respectively. The mean egg weights of Vanaraja at 32, 40 and 52 weeks of age are also significantly (P≤0.05) higher than indigenous birds. There was no significant difference in mortality rates between two groups during 6 to 30 and 31 to 52 weeks of age. There was no significant (P≤0.05) difference in fertility and hatchability percent between two genetic groups.
Contrasting patterns of species and functional composition of coral reef sponge assemblages

There is mounting interest in studying the relationship between functional (FD) and species diversity (SD) in order to understand ecosystem functioning and develop effective measures to protect communities. Several studies have found strong positive correlations between SD and FD and in this study I used sponges to investigate this relationship and compare it with that of functional and species composition (FC and SC respectively). This study was conducted at 2 coral reef eco- systems in SE Sulawesi, Indonesia, which experience different sedimentation levels. Sponges fulfil a number of key functional roles on coral reefs, and, as many can be associated with specific morpho- logies, the measurement of morphological diversity (MD) should provide an approximation of FD. Previous sponge research has shown a strong correlation between MD and SD, and I hypothesise that spatial variation in MD, FD, SD and assemblage composition (FC and SC) will be determined by the same environmental gradients. Univariate measures of SD, MD and FD showed strong correlations, but not for multivariate data. Although different morphological assemblages (MC) were found at the 2 sites and between depth intervals, which correlated with SC data, no significant correlation was reported with FC data. FC was strongly influenced by depth, but not site, demonstrating that factors attributable to depth (e.g. light and wave action reduction) were more important in controlling FC, which contrasts with SC and MC patterns that were determined by sedimentation levels (i.e. be- tween site differences). Although sponges fulfilled several functional roles, most were performed by a large number of morphologies/species, indicating a high level of intra-phyletic functional redun- dancy. The data from this study asserts that the factors responsible for spatial variation in SC may not always reflect those responsible for FC patterns, which has widespread implications for marine con- servation, environmental management and Marine Protected Area (MPA) ecology. Environmental managers need to be aware of the factors controlling both SC and FC to ensure the protection of both biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Free vibration analysis of dragonfly wings using finite element method

In the present work, investigations on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the dragonfly wing are carried out and numerical modeling based on Finite Element Method (FEM) is developed to predict Flight characteristics of dragonfly wings. Vibrational behavior of wings type structures is immensely important in analysis, design and manufacturing of similar engineering structures. For this purpose natural frequencies and mode shapes are calculated. In addition, the kind of deformation in each mode shape evaluated and the ratio between numerical natural frequency and experimental natural frequency presented as damping ratio. The results obtain from present method are in good agreement with same experimental methods.
The transition in the sedimentation pattern of a particle cloud

Experiments were carried out to study the sedimentation of a two‐dimensional particle cloud. When a large number of particles (glass beads) of uniform size are released from a two‐dimensional opening into a column of fresh water, the mixture initially descends as a thermal; however, after some time, the particles start settling individually, thus leaving the parent fluid behind. For a given type of particle, the critical depth zc at which this transition occurs, measured from a virtual origin, was found to change as zcws/ν∼(Q/νws)α, with α≂0.3, where ws is the terminal velocity of a single particle, ν is the kinematic viscosity, and Q is the total buoyancy of the released particles per unit length. The descending velocity and the spatial growth of the particle cloud were found to depend on its sedimentation characteristics.
Regulation of growth by the growth hormone axis

‘lhesomatotrophicaxis hasamajoreffectonleangrowthinanumberof species. GH, themainhormoneofthesomatotrophicaxis,is controlled by growth hormone releasing hormone and somatostatin. GH can act directly on fat by increasing lipolysis, but its main anabolic effects are onmuscleandboneviatheInsulinlikegrowthfactor-I(IGF-I). IGF-Istimulatesaminoaciduptakeintomuscleinvitrobutdoesnotnecessarily promote growth if given in viva. The reason for this is that GH is now considered to control circulating IGF-I as well as local tissue production of IGF-I, the dual effector theory. This theory proposes that GH not only controls IGF-I production but controls differentiation of cells so that they can respondtothe mitogenic effects of IGF-I. Insulinis anotheranabolic hormone which is affected by GH. Insulin, unlike GH, stimulates fat deposition, although it also increases protein accretion. The manipulation of the growth hormone axis by immunological procedures, selection or genetic engineering may provide an economic way for N’Z farmers to increase the production of lean meat.
The large-scale structure of homogeneous turbulence

A field of homogeneous turbulence generated at an initial instant by a distribution of random impulsive forces is considered. The statistical properties of the forces are assumed to be such that the integral moments of the cumulants of the force system all exist. The motion generated has the property that at the initial instant \[ E(\kappa) = C\kappa^2 + o(\kappa^2), \] where E(k) is the energy spectrum function, k is the wave-number magnitude, and C is a positive number which is not in general zero. The corresponding forms of the velocity covariance spectral tensor and correlation tensor are determined. It is found that the terms in the velocity covariance Rij(r) are O(r−3) for large values of the separation magnitude r. An argument based on the conservation of momentum is used to show that C is a dynamical invariant and that the forms of the velocity covariance at large separation and the spectral tensor at small wave number are likewise invariant. For isotropic turbulence, the Loitsianski integral diverges but the integral \[ \int_0^{\infty} r^2R(r)dr = \frac{1}{2}\pi C \] exists and is invariant.
ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE PURCHASING ‒ ANALYSIS OF THE EX-YUGOSLAVIAN REPUBLICS

The aim of this study is to compare the environmentally-conscious behavior of buyers between the ex-Yugoslavian republics. The starting points are H0: there are differences in the environmentallyconscious behavior of buyers in the ex-Yugoslavian republics and H1: there are demographic and socioeconomic differences in environmentally-conscious behavior of buyers between the ex-Yugoslavian republics. The survey was conducted on a sample of 1550 respondents from all the ex-Yugoslavian republics. The obtained results show that there are differences between Montenegro and Macedonia, Montenegro and Croatia, and Montenegro and Slovenia. Respondents from Montenegro purchase environmentally friendly products less often than respondents from Macedonia, Croatia, and Slovenia. The results also indicate that there are differences in the level of education and monthly income by household when purchasing environmentally friendly products between respondents from the exYugoslavian republics. Through adequate implementation of obtained data, behavior of buyers becomes a tool of environmental management. Increasing the purchase of environmentally friendly products will affect environmental protection.
Measures of School Effectiveness: Consistency/Inconsistency When Models Are Varied across Subject Area Tests.

This paper presents findings of a study that sought to determine whether a composite score is a more appropriate dependent variable in the measurement of school effectiveness than any one component score. The viability of using a composite score, such as the School Effectiveness Index (SEI), was compared with the viability of using any one of five different subject areas. Specifically, the study examined the level of consistency that exists when school-effectiveness-classification models are held constant across test scores. Multiregression analysis of data from 315 Louisiana high schools was used to predict student achievement on a statewide-administered criterion-referenced,test (CRT) from indices of socioeconomic status (SES), racial makeup, school report card variables, and demographic data. Findings indicate that a composite index incorporates the varied information that each component issue provides and presents a better overall picture of school effectiveness than would any one test component. In conclusion, a school's success in one subject does not necessarily ensure success in other areas. The composite score is preferable for school-effectiveness research, because it provides more information and is more reliable than a subtest. Two tables and one figure are included. (LMI)
Feed Resources and Seasonal Nutrient Composition of Predominant Forages for Small Ruminant Production in Iwo Local Government Area of Osun state, Nigeria

Small ruminant production is largely in the hand of traditional handlers settled in rural areas. Iwo Local Government Area is well noted for small ruminant production. However, there is paucity of information on the feed resources availability in quality and quantity at varying seasons for small ruminant production in the study area. Hence, two studies were conducted in study area to investigate the feed resources utilized by handlers at different seasons and evaluate the nutrient composition of predominant forages available for sheep and goat production in the area. Study I: Information on herd size and composition, feeds, feeding method, water supply and housing for small ruminant production were elicited using structured questionnaire. Study II: Samples of predominant forages in the area were collected once per season and analysed for the nutrient composition using standard procedures. It was found that the male respondents reared sheep especially ram than goat while the females took to goat particularly doe (female goat). Small ruminants in the area grazed on natural grasslands, most farmers supplied water (87.2%) from well (76.4%) to their small ruminants but provided no housing facilities (92.0%). The occasional feed offered to sheep and goats in wet season was mainly kitchen wastes (46.2%) while in dry season, kitchen wastes (25.7%), cassava and its by-products (25.7%) as well as corn gluten (25.1%). The predominant grass, legumes and shrubs/forbs that were available in wet season were absent in dry season. However, the browse plants were found to be ever-green and available all year round in the study area. The proximate composition in wet season showed that, dry matter ranged from 57.8% in Tephrosia bracteolata to 85.7% in Ficus thonningii while the crude protein ranged from 6.20% ( Andropogon gayanus ) to 23.6% ( Ficus vogelli ). The crude fibre contents of the forages ranged from 18.5% in Ficus polita to 47.8% in Tephrosia bracteolata while ether extract was from 7.50% to 18.4% in Andropogon gayanus and Ficus polita respectively. Ash content ranged between 7.10% and 17.1% in Andropogon gayanus and Ficus exasperata respectively. There were significant differences in all the measured parameters among the forages. The observed values for proximate composition of the browses obtained in dry season were similar to the results seen in wet season except for the fact that crude fibre and ash contents increased a little and crude protein and ether extract reduced especially for ficus species under consideration. In conclusion, farmers in the study area should improve on some of their production facilities like housing and feeding. Also, there is need for continual supplementation of feed supplied to small ruminants in dry season to augment the insufficient nutrients. Keywords : Feed resources, wet season, dry season, proximate composition
Kissing numbers for surfaces

The so‐called kissing number for hyperbolic surfaces is the maximum number of homotopically distinct systoles a surface of given genus g can have. These numbers, first studied (and named) by Schmutz Schaller by analogy with lattice sphere packings, are known to grow, as a function of genus, at least like g4/3−ε for any ε > 0. The first goal of this article is to give upper bounds on these numbers; in particular, the growth is shown to be subquadratic. In the second part, a construction of (non‐hyperbolic) surfaces with roughly g3/2 systoles is given.
Personality, cognitive appraisal and labor pain

participants and procedure Labor pain was assessed twice by forty-five childbearing women aged 18-45 (M = 28.31, SD = 5.20; 23 participants were primiparous): on admission to the obstetrics clinic and two days postpartum. On the first occasion, experienced and anticipated pain (VAS) and cognitive appraisal of labor (KOS) were measured, while the second assessment included rating of pain in the second stage of labor (VAS) and personality traits (NEO-FFI).
Knowledge of Scorpion Sting Patients who Admitted to Ahvaz Razi Hospital about Pre-hospital Care

Background and purpose: Scorpion sting is one of the major health problems of undeveloped countries, which causes severe complications and so metimes death. This study aimed to assessment Knowledge of scorpion sting patients who admitted to Ahvaz Razi Hospital, Iran, about pre-hospital care. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study, which its participants were sampled by a pilot method, and the sample size was estimated equ al to 100 based on the formula. For this study, the tools for collecting the data were a que stionnaire of demographic data, including nine questions and a researcher-made questionnaire relat ed to the knowledge level of the patients about pre-hospital cares consisting of 12 questions . After collecting, the data were entered them into SPSS software. Then, the data were analyzed us ing the descriptive statistics including frequency and analytic statistic chi-square . Results: The data of the present study showed that the highe st rate of scorpion-sting had been in women. In addition, most stings occurred inside the home and in the city. The most cases (80%) did not have knowledge about first aids to the inju red person also about the use of tourniquet most cases (70%) have low knowledge. Conclusion: Considering the low knowledge of the injured peopl e about the pre-hospital actions, it seems necessary for the society to be e ducated adequately about this issue to prevent the adverse outcomes such as amputation of an organ because the incorrect use of tourniquet, death of the injured person due to lack of knowledg e about first aids. [Rokhafroz D, *Sayadi N, Rahmani H. Knowledge of Scorpion Sting Patients who Admitted to Ahvaz Razi Hospital, Iran, about Pre-hospital Care . Iran J Health Sci 2015; 3(4): 47-51] http://jhs.mazums. ac.ir
Repression and resistance? French colonialism as seen through Vietnamese museums

The paper examines how resistance to colonial rule is officially represented in contemporary Vietnam. It does so by analyzing selected museums - which are all state-controlled - in the Vietnamese capital of Hanoi. Although Hanoi’s rich colonial era architectural heritage is slowly being recognized, this reassessment has yet to find a parallel in Vietnam’s official museum discourse. The manner in which the imperial legacy is treated or ignored today through the didactic medium of the museum helps us to understand how contemporary national identity is constructed in opposition to empire. Vietnam’s imperial history remains shadowy, indicating a continuing post-colonial malaise. The fact that museum representation must cater both to an internal audience of Vietnamese and an external audience of tourists, donors, potential investors and foreign dignitaries helps to explain this lack of clarity.
Asteroid models from combined sparse and dense photometric data

Aims. Shape and spin state are basic physical characteristics of a n asteroid. They can be derived from disc-integrated photometry by the lightcurve inversion method. Increasing the number of asteroids with known basic physical properties is necessary to better understand the nature of individual objects as well as for studies of the whole asteroid population. Methods. We use the lightcurve inversion method to obtain rotation parameters and coarse shape models of selected asteroids. We combine sparse photometric data from the US Naval Observatory with ordinary lightcurves from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue and the Palmer Divide Observatory archive, and show that such combined data sets are in many cases suffi cient to derive a model even if neither sparse photometry nor lightcurves can be used alone. Our approach is tested on multiple-apparition lightcurve inversion models and we show that the method produces consistent results. Results. We present new shape models and spin parameters for 24 asteroids. The shape models are only coarse but describe the global shape characteristics well. The typical error in the pole directi on is∼ 10‐20 ◦ . For a further 18 asteroids, inversion led to a unique determination of the rotation period but the pole direction was not well constrained. In these cases we give only an estimate of the ecliptic latitude of the pole.
Acrylate Wood Densification: Effects of Vacuum Time and Nanoparticles on Chemical Retention, Penetration, and Resin Distribution

The feasibility of preparing a surface-densified wood product by replacing the traditional time-consuming pressurization stage with only a short vacuum time was investigated. Sugar maple and red oak wood specimens were successfully impregnated with low-viscosity resins of 1,6 hexanediol dimethacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, with or without silicate nanoparticles, using vacuum times of 30 s to 10 min without pressurization. Chemical retention (CR) and vertical density profiles of the treated wood specimens were measured. The CRs obtained with the short vacuum impregnation process, even with a vacuum of 30 s or 60 s, proved comparable to those achieved by the traditional process of 30-min vacuum plus 30-min pressure. A 52-63 wt% CR was found for maple impregnated with neat resin, while the formulations containing nanoparticles achieved 44-55 wt% as the vacuum time was increased 30 s to 10 min. Oak yielded lower CR values. The vertical density profiles indicated better treatability for maple than oak. Examination of the resin and resin/nanoparticle penetration into the wood by scanning electron microscopy revealed successful wood impregnation with both nanoparticles and resin.
Implementation of Safety Policy in Girls' Boarding Secondary Schools in Bungoma East District, Kenya: Challenges and Strategies

This study sought to establish challenges faced in implementation of safety policy in girls boarding secondary schools in Bungoma East District, Kenya. The study population comprised of 14 principals, 14 boarding mistresses, 276 teachers, four Quality Assurance and Standards Officers, 14 Board of Governors and 14 Parents Teachers Association chairpersons. Saturated sampling technique was used to select 13 principals, 13 boarding mistresses and three Quality Assurance and Standards Officers. Board of Governors and Parents Teachers Association chairpersons were selected through purposive sampling technique while 92 teachers were selected through simple random sampling technique. Data collection instruments included questionnaires and interview schedules. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to analyze data through descriptive statistics in form of frequency counts, frequencies, percentages and graphs and content analysis to establish patterns and trends as themes and sub themes emerged. Some of the major findings of the study indicated that the Ministry of Education funded only 23% of provincial boarding schools in acquisition of fire-fighting equipments yet safety policy implementation is a lot more for schools. Financial constraints and sometimes mismanagement and inadequate community support were major challenges faced in implementing safety policy. Strategies varied from financial sourcing, capacity building to expert consultation. The study concluded that lack of both financial and human resources failed Quality Assurance and in carrying out regular assessment, monitoring and evaluation of implementing safety policy in girls boarding secondary schools. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education increases its budgetary allocation to cater for safety policy implementation while other relevant stakeholders step in to assist schools implement safety policy to the letter.