Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pinch Analysis of a Partly Integrated Pulp and Paper Mill

The pulp and paper industry, with its wood biomass feedstock, has promising opportunities to become a key player in the biorefinery arena. A successful implementation of biorefinery pathways requires optimization of the energy system through process integration, and can lead to both increased and diversified revenues as well as a reduction of global CO2 emissions. This paper presents the results from a pinch analysis of a partly integrated Kraft pulp and paper mill. The objective was to identify the potential for energy efficiency improvements, focusing on possibilities to save steam. Another objective was to identify practical retrofit solutions for the mill heat exchanger network and to estimate the costs for the required investments. The potential for energy savings at the mill is estimated at 18.5 MW, i.e. 12% of the current steam demand. Two alternative retrofit options are presented in the paper. A straightforward retrofit that is easy to implement enables 5.8 MW of steam to be saved at a cost of €0.13 million per MW of saved steam. A second more extensive retrofit option is also presented which could achieve steam savings of 11 MW at a cost of €0.14 million per MW of saved steam. Assuming that the steam savings lead to a reduced use of bark fuel in the power boiler, the payback period of both energy saving retrofit investments is estimated to be less than about 16 months.
Effectiveness of the Australian Fiscal Stimulus Package: A DSGE Analysis

We develop and estimate a small open economy DSGE model to investigate the effectiveness of the Australian fiscal stimulus package introduced in the aftermath of the global financial crisis (GFC). The timing and magnitudes of GFC shocks, fiscal shocks that mimic the stimulus transfers, and accommodative monetary policy shocks are carefully calibrated and fed into various simulation experiments. The results suggest that the stimulus transfers were effective in combating the economic downturn caused by the GFC, however, the scale of the transfer initiative seems to be excessive.
Assessment of genetic variation as a predictor of smoking cessation succes: A review

of pharmacotherapy, especially when they have a different mechanism-ofaction. Conclusion Much progress has been made in unravelling the effects of genetic variants on smoking behaviour and smoking cessation treatment, but much research still remains to be done and prospective trials should be set up to fully confirm the effect of the variants before genetically tailored smoking cessation therapy can be implemented in standard clinical practice.
POSITIVE LEADERSHIP: ITS NATURE , ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES

Purpose: The field of Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) experiences recently a dynamic growth. Many conceptual frameworks are created and empirically tested. Recently the model of positive orientation with positive leadership as one of its dimensions has been conceptualized and operationalized. The purpose of the paper is to measure the influence of some of the antecedents on positive leadership and the impact of positive leadership on some of its consequences. Methodology/approach: Among antecedents we have chosen life orientation and resilience. Life orientation assesses individual differences in generalized optimism versus pessimism, resilience is the ability to bounce back or recover from stress. Among consequences we have chosen flourishing, satisfaction with life and subjective happiness. We test the conceptual model in the quantitative research with the use of reliability, correlation and linear regression methods. Findings: Research results show that both optimism and high resilience positively influence positive leadership which in turn impacts flourishing, satisfaction with life and subjective happiness. Implications/limitations: The results provide implications mainly for research and business practice. Implications for research include directing attention at some of the relations that have not been researched before. Research results provide practical recommendations on how to shape positive leadership and, in turn build positive outcomes in employees’ lives. Originality/value: Some of the relationships presented in the paper have not been researched yet. The main value of the paper is taking the next step in uncovering the nature, antecedents and consequences of positive style of leadership.
An experimental study on landfill technology to produce an alternative source of energy from organic waste

Municipal solid waste (MSW) alludes to waste produced from residential, commercial, institution and public parks. The MSW is basically treated in three different methods: thermal conversion, biological treatment and landfilling. Landfilling is the process which used in this paper to treat the MSW. This paper aims to design and construct lab scale landfill model to provide a suitable technical solution for energy recovery in Khartoum using organic waste, and additionally to determine the amount of methane gas that can be produced from this landfill model. The methodology of experiment was carried out by digging the land to create a hole with dimensions of (2 m x 1.5 m x 2 m). The next step was construction of the first class of insulation layer recompacted clay. A protective layer was constructed and welded to prevent the leakage of waste water. Leachate collection system insulated was constructed and geotextile layer was added above it. Then, a manual collecting of food waste was done and the creation of the waste layer was carried out. Setup final closure layer was done which contains of geotextile. The landfill was filled in landfill parts to reach the ultimate height as soon as possible. Portable gas analyzer was used to measure CH4 concentrations by volume. The measuring process showed that the concentrations of CH4 vary in range 0.1 % to 0.3%. The results showed that the landfill technology could produce methane gas from organic waste and this indicated that organic waste can be an alternative source of energy.
Antihyperalgesic potentiating activity of L-NMMA via increasing IL-10 levels

Background and aim of the study: Previous studies showed that enhanced activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has a deleterious effect on severity of arthritis in animal models. On the contrary, there is a conflicting notion that nitric oxide may be protective during inflammatory processes.The aim of the present study is to examine whether the suppression of NO production by LNG monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA), a nonselective NOS inhibitor can modify the potential anti-hyperalgesic effects of rolipram against mechanically-induced pain in rats. Methods: Inflamed joints in rats were induced by intradermal injection of 0.1ml squalene before inoculation of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into a different site in the subplantar surface of right hind paw. Pain threshold to pressure on hind paws was measured daily from day 0 until day 30 after adjuvant inoculation. Serum samples were taken for TNF-alpha and IL-10 assay. Results: Simultaneous administration of 30 mg/kg/d L-NMMA with 3 mg/kg/d rolipram resulted in further significant reduction of hyperalgesia of left hind paw. Prophylactic rolipram in combination with 30mg/kg/d L-NMMA, significantly increase serum levels of interleukin10 (IL-10), however TNF-alpha levels are insignificantly changed. American Journal of Research Communication www.usa-journals.com Thabet, et al., 2016: Vol 4(4) 2 Conclusion: L-NMMA, a NOS inhibitor potentiates anti-hyperalgesic and the immunomodulatory effect of rolipram, through increasing levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. {Citation: Romany H Thabet, Ibrahim Saud E Alrashedi, Fahad Mohammed O Almutairi, Tariq Majed A Alhumaid, Talal Duhaim M Alanazi, Fahad Saad Z Alanazi, Mohana Jabban A Alenezi, Bader Obaid K Alshammari, Khaled Alnashmi F Alanazi, Amer Mohammed L Alanazi, Abdullah Mofareh M Alanazi. Antihyperalgesic potentiating activity of L-NMMA via increasing IL-10 levels. American Journal of Research Communication, 2016, 4(4): 115} www.usa-journals.com, ISSN: 2325-4076.
Correction to “Distinct layering in the hemispherical seismic velocity structure of Earth's upper inner core”

[ 1 ] In the paper “ Distinct layering in the hemispherical seismic velocity structure of Earth ’ s upper inner core ” by L. Waszek and A. Deuss ( Journal of Geophysical Research , 116 , B12313, doi:10.1029/2011JB008650, 2011), an incorrect version of Table 3 was published. The correct Table 3 and its caption are shown here.
Herschel-ATLAS: the surprising diversity of dust-selected galaxies in the local submillimetre Universe

We present the properties of the first 250 μm blind sample of nearby galaxies (15 < D < 46 Mpc) containing 42 objects from the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey. Herschel's sensitivity probes the faint end of the dust luminosity function for the first time, spanning a range of stellar mass (7.4 < M⋆ < 11.3 log10 M⊙), star formation activity (−11.8 < SSFR < −8.9 log10 yr−1), gas fraction (3–96 per cent), and colour (0.6 < FUV–KS < 7.0 mag). The median cold dust temperature is 14.6 K, colder than in the Herschel Reference Survey (18.5 K) and Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (17.7 K). The mean dust-to-stellar mass ratio in our sample is higher than these surveys by factors of 3.7 and 1.8, with a dust mass volume density of (3.7 ± 0.7) × 105 M⊙ Mpc−3. Counter-intuitively, we find that the more dust rich a galaxy, the lower its UV attenuation. Over half of our dust-selected sample are very blue in FUV–KS colour, with irregular and/or highly flocculent morphology; these galaxies account for only 6 per cent of the sample's stellar mass but contain over 35 per cent of the dust mass. They are the most actively star-forming galaxies in the sample, with the highest gas fractions and lowest UV attenuation. They also appear to be in an early stage of converting their gas into stars, providing valuable insights into the chemical evolution of young galaxies.
Inclusion/Exclusion and Role Allocation in Marketized EFL Syllabus: Gender from CDA Perspective

Power relations are discursively constructed, de/reconstructed, and negotiated through discourse. CDA in its commitment to accounting for the underlying elements and dimensions of power can typically concentrate on syllabuses as tokens of power in the institutionalized discourse of education. Employing the notion of ‘social practice’, the present study focused on ‘ Four Corners ’ series as conversational English books in Iranian EFL situation. This study usedInclusion/Exclusion and Role Allocation binary notion from among many dichotomous notions in van Leeuwen’s social actor network (2008). Additionally, a 20-item questionnaire was designed and made reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79) for female and male teachers’ reaction. Results indicated that the ‘ Four Corners ’ series did not treat male and female characters differently regarding Inclusion/Exclusion; however, with Role Allocation the differences were significant. The series allocated a more active role for men than for women. The information from the questionnaire indicated different response patterns from male and female teachers in descriptive terms which might account for a various classroom discourse around gender enacted depending on the gender of the teacher. Implications of the study are discussed.
Measurement of the muon neutrino inclusive charged-current cross section in the energy range of 1–3 GeV with the T2K INGRID detector

We report a measurement of the $\nu_{\mu}$-nucleus inclusive charged current cross section (=$\sigma^{cc}$) on iron using data from exposed to the J-PARC neutrino beam. The detector consists of 14 modules in total, which are spread over a range of off-axis angles from 0$^\circ$ to 1.1$^\circ$. The variation in the neutrino energy spectrum as a function of the off-axis angle, combined with event topology information, is used to calculate this cross section as a function of neutrino energy. The cross section is measured to be $\sigma^{cc}(1.1\text{ GeV}) = 1.10 \pm 0.15$ $(10^{-38}\text{cm}^2/\text{nucleon})$, $\sigma^{cc}(2.0\text{ GeV}) = 2.07 \pm 0.27$ $(10^{-38}\text{cm}^2/\text{nucleon})$, and $\sigma^{cc}(3.3\text{ GeV}) = 2.29 \pm 0.45$ $(10^{-38}\text{cm}^2/\text{nucleon})$, at energies of 1.1, 2.0, and 3.3 GeV, respectively. These results are consistent with the cross section calculated by the neutrino interaction generators currently used by T2K. More importantly, the method described here opens up a new way to determine the energy dependence of neutrino-nucleus cross sections.
Life on Goli otok through tattoos

Since the beginning of time, man has, as a thinking creature, felt the urge to leave and transmit messages to others, whether in the form of cave drawings, statues, or prints on his skin. At the moment of sending a message, one cannot know how the message will appear to the eyes of the recipient or whether they will want to accept it as such. Man’s need to leave traces did not end with cave paintings, and he wished to weave his fears, beliefs, and ideals into something more, something of utmost value, which is man himself. Having discovered the technique of tattooing, his body became the bearer of image and text, and his tattoos evidence of the way he had lived his life. As a cultural practice and one of the forms of body modification, tattooing has been found in all parts of the world and dates from the Bronze Age, continuing until today in various fields of human activity. A tattoo is a conscious modification of the body created under the influence of an individual’s surroundings and culture. This paper describes a patient with numerous tattoos, their meaning in the patient’s life, and the days of imprisonment spent on Goli otok. We can say that tattoos are a way in which certain people allow others insight into what they think, feel, or how they perceive themselves.
An empirical study of the reward preferences of South African employees

Orientation: Adapting traditional reward systems to focus on employee preferences has become a necessity as companies strive to attract, motivate and retain a skilled and high performing workforce. Research purpose: The aim of the study was to identify certain categories of rewards that employees consider to be most important, including base pay, contingency pay, benefits, performance and career management, quality work environment, and work–home integration. The impact of these reward categories on an organisation’s ability to attract, motivate and retain employees was explored, together with the influence of demographic variables on reward preferences. Motivation for the study: There is much debate over whether reward packages should be tailor-made to suit individual employees. It has been argued that a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach with regard to rewards is no longer effective. Research design, approach and method: A structured questionnaire, based on the total rewards model, was used to achieve the objectives of the study. A sample of 250 employees from 11 medium-sized to large-sized organisations participated in the study. Main findings: The results showed that base pay is deemed to be the most preferred reward component amongst respondents; however, they are most dissatisfied with the level at which this reward is provided by their current employers. Base pay is also the most important reward when attracting and retaining employees. Differences between reward preferences and demographic variables, including age, gender and job level, were found. Practical/managerial implications: Organisations should design their reward systems according to the preferences of their employees by focusing on base pay and contingency or variable pay. These rewards will also serve to retain them; although, to motivate employees, non-cash awards and recognition should be emphasised. Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to literature on reward preferences, which is lacking in a South African context. It also provides support for segmentation of rewards based on certain demographic variables.
Effect of post-harvest treatments on the level of glucosinolates in broccoli

Broccoli is a very perishable vegetable with a high water content (around 88%) which leads to rapid dehydration and probably to an alteration in composition if conditions after harvest are not controlled. This study evaluates the glucosinolate pattern and glucosinolate levels in the principal and secondary inflorescences of fresh broccoli cv 'Tokyodome', and after being submitted to some situations which are likely to occur during or after harvest: room temperature (20 °C) for 5 days, kept in the fridge at 4 °C for 5 days, and frozen after blanching. Another set of material was harvested 5 days later, simulating a post-maturation stage, and analysed. The highest total glucosinolate content was found at commercial maturation with 20 888 and 20 355 mmoles kg ˇ1 DW in the principal and secondary inflorescences, respectively. Keeping the inflorescences at room temperature caused the most significant (P< 0.05) reductions in total and individual glucosinolates, except for 4-hydroxyindol-3- ylmethyl-, 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl- and 2-phenylethyl-, when compared to the other situations. The highest levels (10 925 mmoles kg ˇ1 DW) of 4-methylsulphinylbutyl-, the precursor of the anti-cancer isothiocyanate sulphoraphane, were found in the inflorescences freshly harvested at commercial stage. Refrigeration at 4 °C and freezing were shown to be the best preservation processes for maintaining high levels of these and other glucosinolates in contrast with the other situations. # 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Aerosol single‐scattering albedo over the global oceans: Comparing PARASOL retrievals with AERONET, OMI, and AeroCom models estimates

The aerosol single‐scattering albedo (SSA) over the global ocean is evaluated based on polarimetric measurements by the PARASOL (Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations from a Lidar) satellite. For the first time, global ocean SSA and Absorption Aerosol Optical Depth (AAOD) from this instrument are shown and evaluated against other observations (the Aerosol Robotic Network, AERONET, and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, OMI). The observational data sets compare reasonably well, with the majority of the colocated points within 0.05 of the AERONET measurements. PARASOL shows that SSA is characterized by high spatial and seasonal variability, also over the open ocean far from the inland emission regions. The near global coverage in the visible spectral range provided by the PARASOL retrievals represents a unique opportunity to evaluate aerosol optical properties simulated by global aerosol models, as performed in the Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom) framework. The SSA (AAOD) estimated by the AeroCom models is generally higher (smaller) than the SSA (AAOD) retrieved from PARASOL. On the other hand, the mean simulated aerosol optical depth is consistent or slightly underestimated compared with observations. An overestimate of the aerosol scattering, compared to absorption, by the models would suggest that these simulate an overly strong aerosol radiative cooling at top of atmosphere, over most of the ocean surfaces. This implies that aerosols have a potentially stronger direct and semidirect impact within the atmosphere than currently simulated.
Extended Subadiabatic Layer in Simulations of Overshooting Convection

We present numerical simulations of hydrodynamic overshooting convection in local Cartesian domains. We find that a substantial fraction of the lower part of the convection zone (CZ) is stably stratified according to the Schwarzschild criterion while the enthalpy flux is outward directed. This occurs when the heat conduction profile at the bottom of the CZ is smoothly varying, based either on a Kramers-like opacity prescription as a function of temperature and density or a static profile of a similar shape. We show that the subadiabatic layer arises due to nonlocal energy transport by buoyantly driven downflows in the upper parts of the CZ. Analysis of the force balance of the upflows and downflows confirms that convection is driven by cooling at the surface. We find that the commonly used prescription for the convective enthalpy flux being proportional to the negative entropy gradient does not hold in the stably stratified layers where the flux is positive. We demonstrate the existence of a non-gradient contribution to the enthalpy flux, which is estimated to be important throughout the convective layer. A quantitative analysis of downflows indicates a transition from a tree-like structure where smaller downdrafts merge into larger ones in the upper parts to a structure in the deeper parts where a height-independent number of strong downdrafts persist. This change of flow topology occurs when a substantial subadiabatic layer is present in the lower part of the CZ.
Influence of Calcium Alginate Coating on Quality of Pork Patties

Coating with edible materials in foods is considered as one of the methods to improve quality (Matuska et al., 2006). For meat processing industry, optimized procedures in favor of economics are of importance. Convenient frozen meat products are affected by the freezing process and time, which can greatly influence the thawing loss, cooking loss and tenderness. This can decrease the monetary value and quality of the product. The deleterious effects of freezing process can be alleviated by coating the products (Matuska et al., 2006). Alginate based coatings cross linked with calcium can form a good film over the product with increased water barrier properties. This can thus maintain the water and flavor of the product. Therefore this study was planned to explain the calcium alginate edible coating to improve the quality of frozen pork patties.
TRANSMISSION AND EMISSION OF SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES IN SEMI-TRANSPARENT SHOCKS

While major solar energetic particle (SEP) events are associated with coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven shocks in solar wind, accurate SEP measurements reveal that more than one component of energetic ions exist in the beginning of the events. Solar electromagnetic emissions, including nuclear gamma-rays, suggest that high-energy ions could also be accelerated by coronal shocks, and some of those particles could contribute to SEPs in interplanetary space. However, the CME-driven shock in solar wind is thought to shield any particle source beneath the shock because of the strong scattering required for the diffusive shock acceleration. In this Letter, we consider a shock model that allows energetic particles from the possible behind-shock source to appear in front of the shock simultaneously with SEPs accelerated by the shock itself. We model the energetic particle transport in directions parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field in a spherical shock expanding through the highly turbulent magnetic sector with an embedded quiet magnetic tube, which makes the shock semi-transparent for energetic particles. The model energy spectra and time profiles of energetic ions escaping far upstream of the shock are similar to the profiles observed during the first hour of some gradual SEP events.
Cross-Domain Detection of Abusive Language Online

We investigate to what extent the models trained to detect general abusive language generalize between different datasets labeled with different abusive language types. To this end, we compare the cross-domain performance of simple classification models on nine different datasets, finding that the models fail to generalize to out-domain datasets and that having at least some in-domain data is important. We also show that using the frustratingly simple domain adaptation (Daume III, 2007) in most cases improves the results over in-domain training, especially when used to augment a smaller dataset with a larger one.