Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The fear of being laughed at, social anxiety, and memories of being teased during childhood

Using a sample of 207 undergraduate students, we investigated: (1) relations between gelotophobia and memories of being the target of teasing during childhood and adolescence; and (2) associations between gelotophobia and social and specific fears and anxieties. Regression analyses revealed that higher gelotophobia scores were associated with a greater history of being teased about social behavior and academic excellence, but not about family background, appearance, or performance. Overall, gelotophobia was related to distress but not frequency of childhood teasing. Additional regression analyses revealed that gelotophobia was strongly related to three measures of social anxiety, but not to specific fears relating to death/illness/injury, animals, or situations. However, significant associations between gelotophobia and a history of being teased remained even after controlling for social anxiety. These results support Titze’s (2009) view of gelotophobia as a syndrome that is related to, but distinct from, social phobia, which develops in part from repeated experiences of being the target of teasing and ridicule relating particularly to anxiety-based social skills deficits and interpersonal awkwardness.
Potassium currents in acutely isolated human hippocampal dentate granule cells.

1. Properties of voltage‐ and Ca(2+)‐dependent K+ currents were investigated in thirty‐four dentate granule cells acutely isolated from the resected hippocampus of eleven patients with therapy‐refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). 2. When intracellular Ca2+ was strongly buffered with 11.5 mM EGTA‐1 mM Ca2+ in the recording pipette, K+ currents (IK) with a slow activation and biexponential time‐dependent decay could be elicited, which showed a threshold for activation around ‐30 mV. 3. A contribution of Ca(2+)‐dependent K+ currents became apparent with intracellular solution containing 1 mM BAPTA‐0.1 mM Ca2+. Superfusion of low‐Ca2+ extracellular solution blocked 43% of outward currents in this recording configuration. Outward current components could also be blocked by substituting 5 mM Ba2+ for extracellular Ca2+ (78%), or by application of 100 microM Cd2+ (25%). 4. The Ca(2+)‐dependent K+ currents could be pharmacologically subdivided into two components. One component was sensitive to 500 microM tetraethylammmonium (TEA; 41%) and 10 nM charybdotoxin (CTX; 47.2%). The blocking effects of 10 nM CTX and 500 microM TEA were not additive, suggesting that both agents block the same conductance. A second, smaller outward current component was blocked by 50 nM apamin (13%). 5. A transient A‐type K+ current could be observed in six neurones and showed a fast monoexponential time‐dependent inactivation with a steady‐state voltage dependence that was distinct from that of IK. The A‐type current was blocked by 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) but not by TEA or low‐Ca2+ solution. 6. We conclude that outward currents in human hippocampal dentate granule cells can be separated into at least four types by their kinetic and pharmacological properties. These include at least one voltage‐dependent current similar to those observed in mammalian hippocampal neurones, and two Ca(2+)‐dependent K+ currents that most probably correspond to SK‐ and BK‐type currents. A classical A‐type current could be detected in some patients with Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS) but not in patients with lesion‐associated TLE.
Changes in vertebral bone density in black girls and white girls during childhood and puberty.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of osteoporosis and the incidence of vertebral fractures are lower in black women than in white women, findings generally attributed to racial differences in adult bone mass. Little is known, however, about the factors that contribute to racial variations in bone mass or the time of life when such differences become manifest. This study was done to characterize the changes in vertebral bone density at various stages of sexual development in black and white females. METHODS We measured cancellous vertebral bone density by quantitative computed tomography in 75 black female subjects between 2 and 20 years old and 75 whites matched for age and stage of sexual development. RESULTS The vertebral bone density did not differ between black girls and white girls before puberty. Bone density increased during puberty in each racial group, but the magnitude of the increase from prepubertal values was substantially greater in black than in white subjects (34 percent vs. 11 percent). CONCLUSIONS The marked difference between black and white females in cancellous vertebral bone density occurs during a relatively brief period late in puberty. Metabolic and hormonal events related to the achievement of sexual maturity during adolescence may be important determinants of racial differences in bone mass in women.
Energy and nutrient intakes of the United States National Women's Artistic Gymnastics Team.

The nutrient intakes and dietary practices of elite, U.S. national team, artistic female gymnasts (n = 33) were evaluated using 3-day food records. The gymnasts' reported energy intake was 43.4 kcal/kg (total 1,678 kcal/day), which was 20% below the estimated energy requirement. The contributions of protein, fat, and carbohydrate to total energy intake were 17%, 18%, and 66%, respectively. All reported vitamin intakes, except vitamin E, were above the RDA. The reported mineral intakes, especially calcium, zinc, and magnesium, were less than 100% of the RDA. The overall nutrient densities of the subjects' diets were higher than expected. Eighty-two percent of the gymnasts reported taking nonprescription vitamin and mineral supplements, and 10% reported taking prescription vitamin and mineral supplements. Forty-eight percent of the gymnasts reported being on a self-prescribed diet. Compared to NHANES III, the reported nutrient intake of these gymnasts was different from that of the average U.S. adolescent female. In summary, certain key nutrients such as calcium, iron, and zinc should be given more attention to prevent nutrient deficiencies and subsequent health consequences.
Thymectomy as Primary Therapy in Myasthenia Gravis

In 1982 we presented the results of 47 consecutively presenting myasthenia gravis patients with generalized weakness who were treated by thymectomy according to a standardized protocol (FIG. 1 ). ' Plasma exchange without immunosuppression was used to optimize medical status prior to surgery. Anticholinesterase agents were discontinued during plasma exchange in those patients who had received them prior to referral. Patients referred on corticosteroid medications were maintained on these drugs through surgery. Attempts were made to taper and discontinue them postoperatively. Efforts were made to avoid medication whenever possible. Drugs were introduced only when patients experienced deterioration in myasthenic status or had functionally disabling symptoms that persisted following thymectomy. When this population was analyzed after a mean follow-up of 25.5 months, 46 of 47 were improved, 83 percent were free of generalized weakness, and 61 percent were on no medication. Additionally, acetylcholine receptor antibody titers did not predict clinical response to thymectomy, nor did the acetylcholine receptor antibody titer correlate with the clinical status in individual patients. We concluded that (1) thymectomy is an effective therapy for most patients with myasthenia gravis; (2) routine administration of additional medication is not necessary in many patients, and ( 3 ) reduction in the acetylcholine receptor antibody titer is not essential for clinical benefit. These studies suggested the possibility that a "thymic factor" is critical to the development of clinical weakness in myasthenia gravis, and that, while the acetylcholine receptor antibody may play an important role in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis, it is the removal of a thymic factor that is responsible for clinical benefits following thymectomy. In the above study, patients were divided into two groups: those who received no previous treatment and those who had received medical therapy prior to referral. To better assess the natural history of thymectomy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis,
Residues of Selected Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) and Organochlorine Pesticides (OCP) in Postmortem Lungs From Epirus, Northwestern Greece

Organochlorine (OC) pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are compounds characterized as persistent organic pollutants (POP) in the environment. These compounds are monitored globally since they enter the human body and accumulate in tissues, resulting in consequent adverse effects. In this study concentrations of selected OC compounds were determined in human autopsy lungs from Epirus, a relatively restricted region in northwestern Greece. This is the first epidemiologic study from Greece reporting on monitoring of environmental pollutants in human autopsy material. Thirty lungs collected from that number of autopsy cases were analyzed: 19 males and 11 females. The age range was 14–91 yr (mean ± SD = 61.8 ± 22.5 yr). Twenty-two cases (73%) were positive for at least one pollutant and eight cases were negative (27%). PCB were the most abundant class of contaminants, detected in 15 out of the 30 cases (50%). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH) were second and third in abundance with 9 (30%) and 8 (27%) positive cases, respectively. The frequency of detection showed a tendency to increase with age of individuals. The patterns of OC found in human autopsy lungs were similar to those reported previously for other human specimens. Our results demonstrated a similar trend in contamination sources and distribution has occurred in western Greece as noted globally.
Load Value Prediction via Path-based Address Prediction: Avoiding Mispredictions due to Conflicting Stores

Current flagship processors excel at extracting instruction-level-parallelism (ILP) by forming large instruction windows. Even then, extracting ILP is inherently limited by true data dependencies. Value prediction was proposed to address this limitation. Many challenges face value prediction, in this work we focus on two of them. Challenge #1: store instructions change the values in memory, rendering the values in the value predictor stale, and resulting in value mispredictions and a retraining penalty. Challenge #2: value mispredictions trigger costly pipeline flushes. To minimize the number of pipeline flushes, value predictors employ stringent, yet necessary, high confidence requirements to guarantee high prediction accuracy. Such requirements can negatively impact training time and coverage. In this work, we propose Decoupled Load Value Prediction (DLVP), a technique that targets the value prediction challenges for load instructions. DLVP mitigates the stale state caused by stores by replacing value prediction with memory address prediction. Then, it opportunistically probes the data cache to retrieve the value(s) corresponding to the predicted address(es) early enough so value prediction can take place. Since the values captured in the data cache mirror the current program data (except for in-flight stores), this addresses the first challenge. Regarding the second challenge, DLVP reduces pipeline flushes by using a new context-based address prediction scheme that leverages load-path history to deliver high address prediction accuracy (over 99%) with relaxed confidence requirements. We call this address prediction scheme Path-based Address Prediction (PAP). With a modest 8KB prediction table, DLVP improves performance by up to 71%, and 4.8% on average, without increasing the core energy consumption. CCS CONCEPTS • Computer systems organization → Superscalar architectures; Pipeline computing; Reduced instruction set computing;
Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Orthostatic Tremor

Background Orthostatic tremor is an uncommon disorder manifest by high frequency, low amplitude leg tremor upon weight bearing. Treatment with oral tremor agents is inconsistent and usually not satisfactory. Methods We implanted bilateral ventralis intermedius nuclei deep brain stimulators into an 82-year-old male with refractory orthostatic tremor. Results The patient had a marked subjective and objective improvement in leg and arm tremor, mainly manifested by an improved ability to stand. Discussion Bilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation may be considered in refractory cases of orthostatic tremor.
Glucose metabolism by the cryptorchid rat testis.

electrically over a 4-hr period in the presence and absence of gluccse. Mean recovery of glucose-14C as 14CO. , (% recovery/100 mg wet weight/S hr) fell from 3.98 at 0 days to 0.69 at 12 days. This fall followed closely the fall in testis weight over the same period. At 0 days, oxygen uptake rates (tl/lOO mg wet tissue/ hr) over a 4-hr incubation period fell from 92.3 to 43.7 in the presence of glucose and from 87.6 to 17.5 in the absence of glucose. At 12 days, corresponding rates were from 74.6 to 78.7 and from 83.6 to 72.2. Glucose oxidation to 14CO0 accounted for 28% of oxygen uptake at 0 days and 5% at 12 days. Relative rates of recovery of '�COO from specifically labeled glucose carbons were in the order C-3,4 > C-2 > C-6 = C-l at 0 days and C-i = C-3,4 > C-6> C-2 at 44 days. Glucose uptake (�tg/100 mg wet tissue/br) fell from 170 at 0 days to 45 at 8 days, while lactate production remained relatively unchanged. Recovery of gluconate-1-14C. , as 14C0. , (%/100 mg wet tissue/S hr) increased from 0.48 at 0 days to 0.93 at 20 days. Oxidation of glucuronate-6-14C remained relatively unchanged. Evolution of 14C0. , from acetate-1-14C was doubled by the presence of glucose with both control and cryptorchrid testis tissue, while evolution of 14C0. , from glucose-U-14C was reduced in the presence of acetate. It was concluded that in rat testis heat-sensitive germinal cells were the principal site of glucose oxidation and that in these cells glucose was oxidized via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glvcolvsis, decarboxvlation, and the citric acid cycle. Small amounts of glucose were oxidized by heat-resistant cells, predominantly via pentose cycle, carboxylation, and the citric acid cycle.
The effect of vitamin E on blood pressure in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Objective Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in the development of diabetes, hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Vitamin E, a major lipid-soluble dietary antioxidant, has two major dietary forms, α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol. The potential importance of γ-tocopherol has largely been overlooked. Our aim was to investigate the effect of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol supplementation on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and heart rate, vascular function and oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Method Fifty-eight individuals with type 2 diabetes were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomized to a daily dose of 500 mg/day RRR-α-tocopherol, 500 mg/day mixed tocopherols (60% γ-tocopherol) or placebo for 6 weeks. Primary endpoints were 24-h ambulatory BP and heart rate, endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation and plasma and urinary F2-isoprostanes. Results Treatment with α-tocopherol significantly increased systolic BP [7.0 (5.2, 8.8) mmHg, P < 0.0001], diastolic BP [5.3 (4.0, 6.5) mmHg, P < 0.0001], pulse pressure [1.8 (0.6, 3.0) mmHg, P < 0.005] and heart rate [2.0 (0.6, 3.3) bpm, P < 0.005] versus placebo. Treatment with mixed tocopherols significantly increased systolic BP [6.8 (4.9, 8.6) mmHg, P < 0.0001], diastolic BP [3.6 (2.3, 4.9) mmHg, P < 0.0001], pulse pressure [3.2 (2.0, 4.4) mmHg, P < 0.0001] and heart rate [1.8 (0.5, 3.2) bpm, P < 0.01] versus placebo. Treatment with α-tocopherol or mixed tocopherols significantly reduced plasma F2-isoprostanes versus placebo, but had no effect on urinary F2-isoprostanes. Endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation was not affected by either treatment. Conclusion In contrast to our initial hypothesis, treatment with either α- or mixed tocopherols significantly increased BP, pulse pressure and heart rate in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Association between normal or mildly reduced kidney function, cardiovascular risk and biomarkers for atherosclerosis: results from the ENCORE trial

Abstract Background Moderate-to-severe kidney dysfunction is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Gradations of normal or mildly reduced kidney function may also associate with ASCVD risk. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis using baseline data from the Exercise and Nutritional Interventions for Cardiovascular Health (ENCORE) trial. Participants were sedentary, overweight and obese adults with unmedicated pre-hypertension or Stage I hypertension and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The Pooled Cohorts Equations were used to estimate a 10-year risk for first ASCVD event. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were measured to assess subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular endothelial function, respectively. Using linear regression, we examined the association between eGFR and ASCVD risk, IMT and FMD. Results Participants (N = 139) were predominantly women (65%), white (60%), with a mean age of 52.0 ± 9.6 years and mean eGFR of 89.1 ± 15.0 mL/min/1.73 m2. Lower eGFR of 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 was associated with higher ASCVD risk [b = −2.7% (95% confidence interval: −3.7, −1.8%), P < 0.001], higher IMT [b = 0.05 mm (0.03, 0.08 mm), P < 0.001] and lower FMD [b = −0.87% (−1.64, −0.11%), P = 0.026]. Compared with eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2, those with eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2 had higher mean ASCVD risk (7.6% versus 2.7%; P < 0.001), greater mean IMT (0.74 mm versus 0.66 mm; P < 0.001) and lower mean FMD (2.0% versus 3.7%; P = 0.026). After controlling for CVD risk factors, the association between eGFR and IMT remained significant (P < 0.001), and eGFR and FMD trended toward significance (P = 0.08). Conclusions Among overweight and obese adults with unmedicated high blood pressure and eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, lower eGFR is associated with a greater 10-year risk for first ASCVD event, higher IMT and relatively impaired FMD.
Short-Duration Hypothermia after Ischemic Stroke Prevents Delayed Intracranial Pressure Rise

Background Intracranial pressure elevation, peaking three to seven post-stroke is well recognized following large strokes. Data following small–moderate stroke are limited. Therapeutic hypothermia improves outcome after cardiac arrest, is strongly neuroprotective in experimental stroke, and is under clinical trial in stroke. Hypothermia lowers elevated intracranial pressure; however, rebound intracranial pressure elevation and neurological deterioration may occur during rewarming. Hypotheses (1) Intracranial pressure increases 24 h after moderate and small strokes. (2) Short-duration hypothermia-rewarming, instituted before intracranial pressure elevation, prevents this 24 h intracranial pressure elevation. Methods Long-Evans rats with two hour middle cerebral artery occlusion or outbred Wistar rats with three hour middle cerebral artery occlusion had intracranial pressure measured at baseline and 24 h. Wistars were randomized to 2·5 h hypothermia (32·5°C) or normothermia, commencing 1 h after stroke. Results In Long-Evans rats (n = 5), intracranial pressure increased from 10·9 ± 4·6 mmHg at baseline to 32·4 ± 11·4 mmHg at 24 h, infarct volume was 84·3 ± 15·9 mm3. In normothermic Wistars (n = 10), intracranial pressure increased from 6·7 ± 2·3 mmHg to 31·6 ± 9·3 mmHg, infarct volume was 31·3 ± 18·4 mm3. In hypothermia-treated Wistars (n = 10), 24 h intracranial pressure did not increase (7·0 ± 2·8 mmHg, P < 0·001 vs. normothermia), and infarct volume was smaller (15·4 ± 11·8 mm3, P < 0·05). Conclusions We saw major intracranial pressure elevation 24 h after stroke in two rat strains, even after small strokes. Short-duration hypothermia prevented the intracranial pressure rise, an effect sustained for at least 18 h after rewarming. The findings have potentially important implications for design of future clinical trials.
5-HTTLPR as a potential moderator of the effects of adverse childhood experiences on risk of antisocial personality disorder

Introduction Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) frequently co-occurs with substance dependence (SD). A functional polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in the serotonin transporter gene has been widely studied as a risk factor for a variety of psychopathologic conditions including aggressive/violent behavior. Childhood abuse is an important predictor of ASPD. We examined 5-HTTLPR genotype and adverse childhood events (ACEs) as risk factors for ASPD in a SD sample. Materials and methods Study participants [602 European–Americans (EAs) and 779 African–Americans (AAs)] were interviewed to obtain lifetime diagnoses of ASPD and SD and information on ACEs. Triallelic genotypes for 5-HTTLPR were obtained using standard methods. We used logistic generalized estimating equations regression to examine ACEs and 5-HTTLPR genotype and their interaction as predictors of ASPD, separately by population group. Results There were 203 (14.7%) participants diagnosed with ASPD. The frequency of the low-activity 5-HTTLPR S′ allele did not differ by ASPD diagnosis, and there was no overall 5-HTTLPR×ACE interaction. However, among European–Americans, male sex (odds ratio=3.36; P<0.001) and ACE history (odds ratio=1.47; P=0.002) were significant predictors of ASPD. Among AAs, there was a significant interaction of sex×5-HTTLPR genotype×ACEs (&khgr;2=13.92, P<0.001). Among AA men, each additional ACE significantly increased the odds of ASPD irrespective of genotype, whereas among AA women, the effect of ACEs on ASPD was significant only among S′ homozygotes. However, these results are limited by the small sample size in each subgroup, (particularly AA women with S′S′ genotype; N=7) and require replication. Conclusions Childhood maltreatment contributes to the risk of ASPD, an effect for which there is preliminary evidence of moderation by 5-HTTLPR genotype in AA women.
IDENTIFYING CRYPTIC SPECIATION ACROSS GROUNDWATER POPULATIONS: FIRST COI SEQUENCES OF BATHYNELLIDAE (CRUSTACEA, SYNCARIDA)

The biodiversity of groundwater fauna remains poorly known and understood. Groundwater biodiversity studies are strongly affected by habitat inaccessibility and taxonomic crisis. The objective of this work was to investigate levels of genetic divergence across populations of Bathynellacea, a small crustacean group that lives exclusively in groundwater, in order to evaluate the extent of cryptic speciation in morphologically constrained clades. Partial sequences of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) have been obtained, for the first time in Bathynellidae. Specimens analyzed of the genus Vejdovskybathynella were obtained from six populations morphologically assignable to a single species; all of them are located in different areas of one of the largest karst systems (110 km of galleries topographied) known in Spain. The analyses of molecular data demonstrate the presence of three highly divergent genetic units, possibly corresponding to undescribed new species. The results of this study provide the first molecular data that complement morphological knowledge in order to address phylogenetic studies to try to resolve the relations between genera and species of the Bathynellidae family. We conclude that the evolutionary scenario of this special group of subterranean crustaceans cannot be revealed only by using morphological information due to the presence of very old lineages of cryptic species, as has been brought to light with the molecular data obtained here.