Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KLF4 promoted odontoblastic differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells via regulation of DMP1

Odontoblasts, which derive from dental papilla, are a type of terminally differentiated matrix‐secreting cells. Previous studies have identified various transcription factors involved in the differentiation process of odontoblasts. We have recently found that Krüppel‐like factor 4 (Klf4) was expressed in the polarizing and elongating odontoblasts, but the function of Klf4 in the differentiation of odontoblasts is still unclear. We hypothesized Klf4 promoted the differentiation of odontoblasts by up‐regulating some odontoblast‐related genes. In this study, we found that the expression of Klf4 increased significantly during the odontoblastic differentiation of primary mouse dental papilla cells and the mouse dental papilla cell line‐mDPC6T. Overexpression of Klf4 significantly up‐regulated odontoblast‐related genes, such as Dmp1, Dspp, and Alp, and promoted the accumulation of mineral nodules. Knock‐down of Klf4 down‐regulated expression of Dmp1, Dspp, and Alp, and inhibited mineral deposition. We applied in silico analysis and identified one target gene of Klf4—Dmp1. Based on further analysis of ChIP data, EMSA and dual luciferase activity assays, we confirmed that Klf4 was able to specifically bind to the Dmp1 promoter and transactivate its expression. Furthermore, forced expression of Dmp1 in the Klf4 knock‐down mDPC6T cell line significantly recovered its odontoblastic differentiation ability. Our data confirmed our hypothesis that Klf4 promotes the differentiation of odontoblasts via the up‐regulation of Dmp1. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2076–2085, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metagovernance of the national park process in Denmark

Taking departure in theories about metagovernance of governance networks this article investigates the process of establishing national parks in Denmark in relation to the following empirical questions: what was the rationale for metagovernance? How was metagovernance exercised? What was accomplished? From the case study it can be concluded that the process was metagoverned through a number of strategies. Even if metagovernance of the governance networks contributed to a better understanding of the interests at stake, a key issue regarding the use of natural resources remains how to weigh interests of different strengths when consensus cannot be obtained. Metagovernance of the national park process did not solve this issue. The case confirms that metagovernance is a balancing act; there are many things to consider, not least is it important to ensure transparency.
The Finite Horizon Expected Return Model

The finite horizon expected return model (FHERM), a new method for estimating the expected return on a share, states that (1) forecasts of abnormal performance have a finite horizon, N, beyond which investors expect a corporation to earn for all future time a return on equity investment equal to the expected return on its shares; and (2) the expected return on a share is the discount rate that equates the share's current price with a dividend expectation for which the dividend in each period from 1 to N is equal to its forecast and the dividend in each period from N + 1 to infinity is equal to the forecast for normalized earnings in Period N + 1. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) states that the expected return on a share varies with beta and dividend yield, but empirical tests of the CAPM using previous methods for estimating expected return have failed. Empirical evidence strongly supports the joint hypothesis that the FHERM and the CAPM are both true.
From Market Orientation to Stakeholder Orientation

Drawing on the marketing orientation and stakeholder literature streams, the authors define the concepts of market orientation (MO) and stakeholder orientation (SO) to explore their potential contribution to marketing. They discuss the potential contribution of each construct along with the similarities and differences that could be significant for marketing strategy. The MO construct focuses on customers and competitors and indirectly on other stakeholder groups. The SO construct does not designate any stakeholder group as more important than another, and the prioritization of stakeholders may change depending on the issue. As such, SO is more contingency based and is a function of contextual aspects surrounding the organization. The SO and MO constructs are not mutually exclusive; there is some overlap between them. The authors suggest further research to explore the most appropriate construct for firms to consider.
Putting industries into the Eaton–Kortum model

The article introduces the industry dimension into the Eaton-Kortum model of trade. Industries are linked with each other by domestic and international trade in intermediate goods. The model is parametrized using data for eight industries in 1989. It is used to perform several counterfactual simulations that are relevant to today's policy debates. First, the model is used to study the effects of the US–EU trade wars. It is found that trade wars have a greater negative effect on countries with large initial net export positions. It is also found that some trade war scenarios are more beneficial to the US while others to the EU. Second, the model is used to study the effects of trade barrier reductions between the high-income and middle-income countries. The results show that this trade liberalization tends to reinforce the pattern of trade according to technological comparative advantages. The results also show which industries should be targeted for barrier reductions depending on policy goals. The third set of simulations investigates spillovers from the technological growth in the US machinery industry. The results show how geography, technology, and industry links affect the propagation of this growth across countries and industries.
Asset pricing with disequilibrium price adjustment: theory and empirical evidence

Breeden [J. Financial Econ., 1979, 7, 265–196], Grinols [J. Finance, 1984, 39(5), 1571–1595] and Cox et al. [Econometrica, 1985, 53, 363–384] describe the importance of including the supply side in capital asset pricing. Black [Am. Econ. Rev., 1976, 66, 767–779] derives a dynamic, multi-period CAPM, integrating endogenous demand and supply. Based upon the papers of Black and Lee et al. [Q. Rev. Econ. Finance, 2009, 49, 811–828], we first derive a simultaneous equation asset pricing model. Then we test the simultaneous equation asset pricing model in terms of the disequilibrium models developed by Fair and Jaffee [Econometrica, 1972, 40, 497–514], Amemiya [Econometrica, 1974, 42, 759–762], Quandt [The Econometrics of Disequilibrium, 1988], and others. We also discuss two methods of estimating an asset pricing model with a disequilibrium price adjustment effect. Finally, using price per share, dividend per share, and shares outstanding, we empirically test the existence of a price disequilibrium adjustment process with international index data and U.S. equity data. We find that a disequilibrium price adjustment process does, in fact, exist in our empirical data. Our results support the finding of Lo and Wang [Rev. Financial Stud. , 2000, 13, 257–300] that trading volume is an important factor in capital asset pricing.
Characterization of pseudorabies virus antibody responses in young swine after infection and vaccination by using an immunoglobulin M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

An immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MACELISA) was developed for the detection of pseudorabies virus (PRV)-specific IgM antibody in swine sera because false-positive reactions frequently occurred when sera from older swine were tested with an indirect IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Monoclonal mouse anti-swine IgM was used as the capturing antibody, and rabbit anti-PRV hyperimmune gamma globulin was used as the indicating antibody. Sera from non-PRV-infected, experimentally infected, vaccinated and challenged, passively immune and challenged, and naturally infected swine were evaluated. The PRV MACELISA had a specificity of 95% and was as sensitive and reproducible as previously reported in direct assays. An antibody response was still detectable with the MACELISA 21 days after inoculation. The PRV MACELISA did not detect a consistent antibody response in sera from swine vaccinated with either killed-PRV or modified live-virus vaccines but did detect an antibody response in sera from passively immune pigs after challenge with virulent PRV. These results indicated that the PRV MACELISA may be useful for the rapid serodiagnosis of recent PRV infection in swine.
Modal Estimates of Services Barriers

This paper presents improved approaches to measurement of services barriers by using alternative weighting methods and improved econometric specifications; the data include barriers affecting each mode of services supply and additional sector-specific regulatory variables. We provide an illustration of these improvements for banking, insurance, telecom (fixed and mobile), professional (engineering) and distribution services in selected countries in Africa, Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Middle East. We report sector-specific restrictiveness indices at aggregate and modal levels along with aggregate and modal tax equivalents. We also provide confidence intervals for each estimated tax equivalent to take into account the limitations in the estimation techniques. Indeed these limitations lead us to argue against a strict interpretation of the empirical results and in favor of a more flexible, qualitative interpretation, combined with rank ordering of countries for indicative purposes.
An 'Activation' Process for Entrepreneurial Engineering Education: The Model and Application

The pervasiveness of scientific developments has raised the role of entrepreneurship as a driver of socio-economic value. Higher education institutions are thus asked to create entrepreneurial mindset and competencies with the purpose to make students people able to proactively identify opportunities and transform them in market solutions. In particular, engineering education programs can be of relevance to develop technology entrepreneurship competencies through hands-on and experiential approaches. In such vein, this paper proposes a model of entrepreneurship education as an "activation" process which uses four critical levers with the purpose to infuse the essence of entrepreneurship in tomorrow's engineering professionals. The application of the model is exemplified through the analysis of a research training program grounded in the aerospace domain. The key features of the initiative are discussed in the perspective of exploring new models of entrepreneurial engineering education.
Agricultural extension policy and practice in Australia: An overview

Abstract Rapid change in the provision of agricultural extension services is occurring in all states of Australia. In most states, policies and practices have increasingly been based on considerations of private/public goods, competitive neutrality, user pays and cost recovery. In addition, the delivery of extension has been strongly influenced by changing administrative structures and a change in the paradigm within which the extension community operates. These changes in policy/ideology/paradigm have had major impacts, including a rapid increase in the amount of extension being delivered by the private sector. In this paper we provide an overview of changes and trends in extension policy and practice in Australia, which include: - emphasis on government providing services in public-good areas; - greater involvement of the private sector in the funding and delivery of agricultural extension; - group-based extension activities directed through nationally-based programs; emphasis on development of the huma.
Characteristics of chronic MS lesions in the cerebrum, brainstem, spinal cord, and optic nerve on T1‐‐‐weighted MRI

We analyzed the prevalence of severely hypointense lesions on T1—weighted MRI in the brainstem, spinal cord, and optic nerve from 65 patients with MS. About half of 1,274 supratentorial lesions were classified as severely hypointense. Severe hypointensity was not seen in the optic nerve and spinal cord, and in only one of 168 chronic brainstem lesions. Tissue destruction in the brainstem, spinal cord, and optic nerve of MS patients does not usually result in severely hypointense lesions.
Reduced Drug Uptake in Phenotypically Resistant Nutrient-Starved Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT During active tuberculosis a spectrum of physiologically different Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli reside in human tissues. Subpopulations of the pathogen survive antibiotic treatment for a prolonged time in a dormant state of phenotypic drug resistance, a phenomenon independent of genetic mutations. Here, we used an established culture model of nutrient deprivation to shift down M. tuberculosis from growth to nonreplicating survival, which is characterized by a drastic loss of drug susceptibility. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry techniques were employed to quantify drug penetration in replicating and nutrient-starved nonreplicating bacilli. We found that intracellular concentrations of fluoroquinolones, rifamycins, and linezolid were lower in nonreplicating M. tuberculosis. Studies with pump inhibitors suggest that the observed differences were independent of efflux processes. We conclude that decreased drug permeability contributes to phenotypic drug resistance of dormant M. tuberculosis.
Plasma Lipoproteins and Physical Activity: A Review

The increased popularity of physical activity in western countries in recent years has been created in part by the conviction of the new sports enthusiasts that regular exercise helps to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD). Indeed, compelling evidence from epidemiologic, clinical, and biologic studies supports the idea of a protective effect of physical exercise on the development of atherosclerosis. However, rigorous scientific demonstration has been difficult or impossible to provide.
Effects of denosumab on bone density, mass and strength in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis

Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody which specifically blocks receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and is a very potent antiresorptive drug. Its efficacy in reducing the risk of vertebral, hip and nonskeletal fracture has been proven in a large prospective, randomized multicenter study of 7808 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis [Fracture Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months (FREEDOM) trial]. Denosumab causes somewhat greater increases in bone mineral density (BMD) than the class of bisphosphonate antiresorptives. Denosumab also causes an increase in bone mass and bone strength in the spine, ultradistal and diaphysis of the radius, proximal tibia and the hip. Recently long-term treatment with denosumab has been shown to cause a continued almost linear increase in total hip and femoral neck BMD beyond 3 years up to 8 years. In this respect, denosumab seems to differ from the bisphosphonate group in which the rate of improvement of BMD diminishes and for some drugs becomes negative after 3–4 years when the process of secondary mineralization flattens out. This unique property of an antiresorptive drug points towards mechanisms of action which differ from the bisphosphonate group. Both types of antiresorptives decrease cortical porosity but contrary to bisphosphonates the reduction in cortical porosity continues with denosumab which, in addition, also seems to cause a slight continuous modeling-based formation of new bone despite suppression of bone remodeling. The net effect is an increase in cortical thickening and bone mass, and increased strength of cortical bone. This may contribute substantially to the significant further reduction of the nonvertebral fracture risk which was found in the long-term denosumab arm of the FREEDOM extension trial during years 4–7.
Analyzing welfare effort: An appraisal of comparative methods

How do we measure and rate the social welfare efforts of nations? Most people consider the U.S. and Japan welfare laggards when compared with European countries. This view derives from a widely used measure of “welfare effort”-direct government outlays for social programs as the percentage of a nation's gross domestic product (GDP). This article challenges several assumptions implicit in the conventional measure and suggests an alternative approach in assessing “welfare effort. ” By incorporating indirect tax expenditures and controlling for the differences in tax burdens and social need for welfare spending among countries, the alternative measure (the NET index) not only broadens the conceptual boundaries of welfare effort, but also affords a more meaningful standard for comparative analysis. To illustrate, this study compares the welfare effort levels of ten developed nations measured under several versions of the NET index.
Enumérations eulériennes dans les multigraphes et invariants de Tutte-Grothendieck

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Enumérations eulériennes dans les multigraphes et invariants de Tutte-Grothendieck Pierre Martin
Perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership at Historically Black Colleges and Universities

College and university presidencies have become increasingly more complex under the weight of enormous internal and external changes. That complexity is significantly amplified at Historically Black Colleges and Universities whose presidents lead institutions that are significantly under-resourced amid decreases in state and federal funding and increases in academic costs. This study surveyed middle and senior managers at HBCUs to determine their perceptions of the college and university presidents. The results suggested that the HBCU presidents under examination largely exhibited transformational leadership characteristics. The results also suggest that male participants had higher individual consideration scores than female participants, suggesting that the presidents under review were perceived to have more interests in the Individual Concerns of their male employees vs. their female employees.
The effect of prolonged cycling on pedal forces

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether cyclists modify the pattern of force application to become more effective during a prolonged ride to exhaustion. Twelve competitive male cyclists completed a steady-rate exercise ride to exhaustion at 80% of their maximum power output at 90 rev · min−1 on a cycle ergometer. Pedal force, pedal and crank angle data were collected from an instrumented bicycle for three pedalling cycles at the end of the first and final minutes of the exercise test with simultaneous video recording of the lower limbs. Kinematic and force data were combined to compute hip, knee and ankle joint moments. There were changes in the pattern of force application, joint kinematics and joint moments of force. Comparison of the first minute and the final minute ride revealed significantly increased peak effective force (340±65.0 and 377±74.8 N for the first and final minute, respectively; F 1,11=7.44, P= 0.02), increased positive (28.4±4.5 and 30.5±4.8 N · s for the first and final minute, respectively; F 1,11=7.80, P= 0.02) and negative angular impulses (−1.5±1.6 and −2.4±1.5 N · s for the first and final minute, respectively; F 1,11=4.50, P= 0.06). Contrary to our initial assumptions, it would appear that riders became less effective during the recovery phase, which increased the demand for forces during the propulsive phase. Training the pattern of force application to improve effectiveness may be a useful strategy to prolong an endurance ride.
Comparison of Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy and Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy

We compare the surgical results of 60 women undergoing laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) and 41 having total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) under the indications of uterine fibroids or adenomyosis. With similar specimen weight, TLH required longer surgery duration (140.4 vs. 115.1 min; p < 0.05) than LAVH. Among women with uteri weighing ≤200 g, TLH resulted in relatively smaller blood loss with comparable operating time (115.6 vs. 116.0 min for LAVH; p > 0.05) although the TLH group had a significantly higher rate of previous abdominal surgery (57.7 vs. 20%; p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the mean cost, length of hospital stay and rate of various complications (p > 0.05). As for sexual symptoms, dyspareunia decreased significantly post-operatively in the LAVH group (p < 0.05), but not in the TLH group. A significant reduction in the frequency of orgasms after surgery was detected in both groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, LAVH has advantages over TLH with reduced operating time. Although it is a technical challenge, TLH can be effectively performed within reasonable time limits in selected cases. The effects on sexual function, following either LAVH or TLH, are found to be similar.
A New Approach to Measuring Financial Contagion

This paper proposes a new approach to evaluate contagion in financial markets. Our measure of contagion captures the co-incidence of extreme return shocks across countries within a region and across regions that cannot be explained by linear propagation models of shocks. We characterize the extent of contagion, its economic significance, and its determinants using a multinomial logistic regression model. Applying our approach to daily returns of emerging markets during the 1990s, we find that contagion, when measured by the co-incidence within and across regions of extreme return shocks, is predictable and depends on regional interest rates, exchange rate changes, and conditional stock return volatility. Evidence that contagion is stronger for extreme negative returns than for extreme positive returns is mixed.