Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in nitrogen metabolism in sweet potato with black rot.

Although recent studies on changes in nitrogen metabolism in diseased plants have accumulated, their relationship to resistance or susceptibility is still ambiguous. Rohringer (21), and Shaw and Colotelo (24) reported differences in free amino acids between wheat (Triticum1t aestizvmo) infected by P2uccinia gramiiiuis and the healthy plant. Rohringer, Stahmann, and Walker (23) found that following infection of tomato (Lvlcopcrsicoil esculentnim) leaves by Fusariun oxv,spormn f. lycopersici, amino acids, and other ninhydrin positive compounds were changed in concentration in the susceptible variety, in contrast to little change in the resistant one, though the change may not be a specific response to infection. Uritani (37) observed a decrease in asparagine in sweet potato roots (Ipomiiea bataltas) infected by Ceratocustis finiibriiata, and Suzuki et al. (31) reported the disappearance of asparagine, threonine, and serine in sweet potato roots infected by HIelicobasidiiuii mom pa. Barinett and McLaughlin (4) reported that the electrophoretic pattern of the protein components of wheat leaves infected hy Putccinia triticina was different from that of healthy leaves. Heitefuss, BuchananDavidson, Stahmann, and Walker (13) carried out electrophoretic and inimunochemical analyses for protein extracts of resistant and susceptible cabbage (Brassica oleracea) seedlings, uninoculated and inoculated with Fusariutm oxytsporumn f. conglutinans: the immunochemical results with rabbit antisera showed up to seven antigenic components in extract of infected susceptible cabbage, compared to four components in susceptible healthy, resistant healthy and resistant inoculated varieties. Akazawa and Uritani (3), Tomiyama et al. (33) and Suzuki et al. (31) found an apparent increase in protein nitrogen in sweet potato infected by C. fimnbriata, in potato (Solanum tuberosuin) infected by Phytophthora infestans, and in sweet potato infected by H. mompa, respectively. Furthermore, it was found by Akazawa
Trade, Wages, and Collective Bargaining: Evidence from France

We estimate the impact of international trade on wages using data for French manufacturing firms. We instrument firm-level trade flows with firm-specific instrumental variables based on world demand and supply shocks. Both export and offshoring shocks have a positive effect on wages. Exports increase wages for all occupational categories while offshoring has heterogeneous effects. The impact of trade on wages varies across bargaining regimes. In firms with collective bargaining, the elasticity of wages with respect to exports and offshoring is higher than in firms with no collective bargaining. Wage gains associated with collective bargaining are similar across worker categories.
ANALYSIS OF THE EARLY-TIME OPTICAL SPECTRA OF SN 2011fe IN M101

The nearby Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) SN 2011fe in M101 (cz = 241 km s−1) provides a unique opportunity to study the early evolution of a “normal” SN Ia, its compositional structure, and its elusive progenitor system. We present 18 high signal-to-noise spectra of SN 2011fe during its first month beginning 1.2 days post-explosion and with an average cadence of 1.8 days. This gives a clear picture of how various line-forming species are distributed within the outer layers of the ejecta, including that of unburned material (C+O). We follow the evolution of C ii absorption features until they diminish near maximum light, showing overlapping regions of burned and unburned material between ejection velocities of 10,000 and 16,000 km s−1. This supports the notion that incomplete burning, in addition to progenitor scenarios, is a relevant source of spectroscopic diversity among SNe Ia. The observed evolution of the highly Doppler-shifted O i λ7774 absorption features detected within 5 days post-explosion indicates the presence of O i with expansion velocities from 11,500 to 21,000 km s−1. The fact that some O i is present above C ii suggests that SN 2011fe may have had an appreciable amount of unburned oxygen within the outer layers of the ejecta.
Efficient Privacy-Preserving Charging Station Reservation System for Electric Vehicles

In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving reservation system for electric vehicles (EV) charging stations. Due to the short driving range of EV, frequent charging is necessary. A mechanism for charging station reservation for EV owners is desirable. Our proposed system allows the vehicle owner to reserve a number of charging stations along the intended route at different time-slots. Yet it is secure against misuse such that a user can only hold a limited number of reservations simultaneously. More importantly, our system can provide privacy for users. The charging station does not know the identity of the user who has reserved it. Thus location privacy can be protected. We demonstrate the practicality of our system with a prototype implementation on a smart phone. Finally, we also provide a security proof to show that our system is secure under well-known computational assumptions.
Acute L‐glutamine deprivation compromises VEGF‐a upregulation in A549/8 human carcinoma cells

Tumor ischemia participates in angiogenesis and cancer progression through cellular responses to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. However, the contribution of amino acids limitation to this process remains poorly understood. Using serum‐free cell culture conditions, we tested the impact of L‐glutamine deprivation on metabolic and angiogenic responses in A549/8 carcinoma cells. In these cells, lowering glutamine concentration modified the cell cycle distribution and significantly induced apoptosis/necrosis. Although glutamine deprivation led to a HIF‐independent increase in VEGF‐A mRNA, the corresponding protein level remained low and correlated with the inhibition of protein synthesis and activation of the GCN2/eIF2α pathway. Limitation of glutamine availability also hampers hypoxia‐ and hypoglycemia‐induced VEGF‐A protein upregulation. Thus, glutamine deprivation may have no direct effect on VEGF‐dependent angiogenesis, compared to hypoxia or to glucose deprivation, and may instead be detrimental to cancer progression by antagonizing ischemia‐induced stresses. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 463–472, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Change On-line Deliberative transformations of opinion in computer-mediated discussions

The present study focuses on deliberative potential of computer-mediated discussion forums and it approaches this question by linking the course of on-line discussion with its opinion dynamics. It is suggested that the process of opinion transformation, which is central to the theories of deliberative democracy, should be seen as a function of discussion in which it takes place. Computermediated forums are especially appropriate for this because of their tendency to organize dialogic networks of individuals in which opinions about the issues discussed are the main benchmarks of the participants’ identities. This idea was tested with a quantitative analysis of the forum, set up specifically for this study. We were able to operationalize the initial idea by using the so-called deliberative poll. Consistent with the expectations of deliberative democracy about rational expression and sharing of opinion our analyses show a close
Vascular complications related to lumbar disc surgery.

OBJECT Vascular complications related to lumbar disc operations are rare but extremely fatal conditions. The authors analyzed data retrospectively obtained in 13 patients with vascular complications that occurred during lumbar disc operations performed between January 1990 and January 2002. METHODS One patient underwent an L5-S1 procedure and the remaining underwent L4-5 surgery. Missed injuries, which were found during the late postoperative period, included pseudoaneurysm in four cases and an arteriovenous fistula in one. In all cases except one in which complication occurred early in the postoperative period, the retroperitoneal area was reached via a transperitoneal approach. In eight patients with complications occurring early in the postoperative period. Dacron graft was placed in four with arterial injuries and saphenous vein graft in one. In three cases of arterial injury and five of venous injury, the lesion was repaired using the primer suture technique. The most commonly affected vessels were left common iliac arteries (76.9%) and left common iliac vein (30.8%). In eight early cases, shock or preshock due to hemorrhage developed during the early phase. During the late postoperative period, graft-related infection occurred in two cases in which Dacron graft was placed, and axillofemoral extraanatomical bypass surgery was later performed. There was no surgery-related death. During a mean follow-up period of 5.6 years, none of the patients suffered any problems related to vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS Despite its low incidence, iatrogenic vascular injury related to lumbar disc surgery is a possible complication. During lumbar disc operations early diagnosis of vascular injuries and urgent transperitoneal surgery can save patients' lives.
Luminescence and Scintillation Properties of Scintillators Based on Orthorhombic and Monoclinic BaLu$_{2}$F$_{8}$  Single Crystals

The rare-earth-doped orthorhombic BaLu<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8</sub> vacuum-ultra-violet scintillator crystals have been studied. The fast emission around 185 nm with a decay time of several nanoseconds was due to the allowed 5d-4f transition of the Nd<sup>3+</sup> ion. The high temperature phase BaLu<sub>2</sub>F<sub>8</sub> orthorhombic crystals have been prepared by micro-pulling-down method. Unfortunately, no 5d-4f emission (neither from Nd<sup>3+</sup> nor from Tm<sup>3+</sup>) was observed in the crystals under excitation by ionizing radiation at all. This was explained by preferential energy transfer from the host to the lattice defect states. Further improvement of the scintillation efficiency by facilitating the energy transfer from the host matrix to the Nd<sup>3+</sup> luminescence center by Tm<sup>3+</sup>-codoping was attempted. The energy transfer from the Tm<sup>3+</sup> ions to the Nd<sup>3+</sup> ones has been proved, however, no improvement of the overall scintillation efficiency was observed.
Health, cognitive, and psychosocial factors as predictors of mortality in an elderly community sample.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine whether cognitive and psychosocial factors predict mortality once physical health is controlled. DESIGN: A prospective study of community dwelling elderly. Mortality was assessed over a period of 3-4 years after the baseline assessment of predictors. The data were analysed using the Cox proportional hazards model. SETTING: Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 897 people aged 70 or over and living in the community, drawn from the compulsory electoral roll. RESULTS: For the sample as a whole, the significant predictors of mortality were male sex, poor physical health, poor cognitive functioning, and low neuroticism. Men had an adjusted relative risk of mortality of 2.5 compared with women. For the male sub-sample, poor self rated health and a poor performance on a speeded cognitive task were significant predictors, while for women, greater disability, low systolic blood pressure, and a low score on a dementia screening test were the strongest predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality was predicted by physical ill health and poor cognitive functioning. Psychosocial factors such as socioeconomic status, psychiatric symptoms, and social support did not add to the prediction of mortality, once sex, physical health, and cognitive functioning were controlled. Mortality among men was more than twice that of women, even when adjusted for other predictors.
Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and the myeloperoxidase G-463A polymorphism in combination with interleukin-1B C-31T in Japanese health checkup examinees.

OBJECTIVE Genetic susceptibility appears to play an important role in Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. The present study was conducted to re-examine the reported association between the myeloperoxidase (MPO) G-463A polymorphism and HP seropositivity in different subjects and to investigate interactions with smoking behavior and the interleukin-1B (IL-1B) C-31T polymorphism. METHODS The subjects were 468 health checkup examinees in Nagoya, who consented to anonymous genotyping of residual blood samples. Genotyping was conducted by PCR-RFLP for MPO G-463A and PCR-CTPP for IL-1B C-31T. RESULTS Among the successfully genotyped 437 participants without a cancer history, the HP seropositive rate was 56.2% for -463GG (n = 354), 49.4% for -463GA (n = 77) and 83.3% for -463AA (n = 6). The gender-age-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for GA/AA relative to GG was 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.32-1.34) among males, 0.84 (0.47-1.49) among females, 0.83 (0.22-3.05) among current smokers and 0.87 (0.50-1.51) among never smokers. Analysis by IL-1B C-31T genotype revealed a significantly reduced OR of 0.41 (0.18-0.93) among the participants with IL-1B -31CT. The OR for IL-1B -31TT relative to -31CC/CT was 1.59 (1.00-2.55) among those with MPO -463GG and 3.36 (1.16-9.77) with MPO -463GA/AA. None of the gene-environment or gene-gene interactions proved to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The association between MPO G-463A and HP seropositivity was not reproduced in this study. The effect of IL-1B -31TT was more prominent among individuals with the low expression MPO -463A allele, but it remains to be confirmed for other datasets.
Social prescription and the role of participatory arts programmes for older people with sensory impairments

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the benefits of a social prescribing service for older people with sensory impairments experiencing social isolation. The paper draws on the findings from a 12-week programme run by Sense, a voluntary sector organisation, and illustrates how integrated services, combining arts-based participation and voluntary sector support, can create positive health and wellbeing outcomes for older people. Design/methodology/approach – The research took a mixed-methodological approach, conducting and analysing data from interviews and dynamic observation proformas with facilitators and quantitative psychological wellbeing scores with participants throughout the course of the programme. Observations and case study data were also collected to complement and contextualise the data sets. Findings – The research found that participatory arts programmes can help combat social isolation amongst older people with sensory impairments and can offer an important alliance for soci.
Reactivity of microhemagglutination, fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption, and venereal disease research laboratory tests in primary syphilis

Seroreactivity in 130 cases of primary syphilis was 91.5% by fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test, 82.3% by microhemagglutination (MHA-TP test), and 68.5% by the Venereal Disease Reseach Laboratory (VDRL) test. The MHA TP test generally became reactive earlier than the VDRL test and confirmed all reactive and most weakly reactive VDRL results.
Exact capacity analysis of multi‐relay multiuser cooperative networks based on two‐step selection

This paper advocates the capacity analysis of an amplify‐and‐forward cooperative communication system model in multi‐relay multiuser networks. A two‐step selection scheme is adopted, and both relay and user selection are based on the outdated channel state information. Exact expression of channel capacity for independent, but not necessarily identically distributed, Rayleigh fading channels is derived. Finally, simulations are carried out to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis and illustrate the effect of parameters on the performance. Results show that although the performance of our scheme is inferior to the optimal joint selection scheme, it is still a practical scheme because its complexity is much lower than that of the optimal scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of mobile phone addiction level and sleep quality in university students

Objective: To determine the mobile phone addiction level in university students, to examine several associated factors and to evaluate the relation between the addiction level and sleep quality. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional research conducted on the students of the Sakarya University between 01 November 2012 and 01 February 2013. The study group included 576 students. The Problematic Mobile Phone Use Scale was used for evaluating the mobile phone addiction level and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for assessing the sleep quality. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s Correlation Analysis were used for analyzing the data. Results: The study group consisted of 296 (51.4%) females and 208 (48.6%) males. The mean age was 20.83 ± 1.90 years (min:17, max:28). The addiction level was determined to be higher in the second-year students, those with poor family income, those with type A personality, those whose age for first mobile phone is 13 and below and those whose duration of daily mobile phone use is above 5 hours (p < 0.05 for each). The sleep quality worsens with increasing mobile phone addiction level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The sleep quality worsens with increasing addiction level. It was concluded that referring the students with suspected addiction to advanced healthcare facilities, performing occasional scans for early diagnosis and informing the students about controlled mobile phone use would be useful.
9 Causes of Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormone or its effects on peripheral tissues. It usually is caused by an insufficient production of thyroid hormone by thyroid gland (primary hypothyroidism), but it could be also caused by inadequate secretion of either thyrotropin (ie. thyroid-stimulating hormoneTSH) from the pituitary gland (secondary hypothyroidism) or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus (tertiary hypothyroidism) (Bharaktiya, 2011).
Histology and Histochemistry of the Adrenal Gland African Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse)

La histologia y la histoquimica de la glandula suprarrenal de la rata africana gigante (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse) (RGA) se llevo a cabo utilizando diez ratas macho adultas con el objetivo de proporcionar informacion que podria ser util para un mejor conocimiento de la estructura y funcion de la glandula. La glandula suprarrenal de la rata africana gigante tiene una corteza y una medula distintas, rodeadas por un borde delgado de la capsula. La corteza suprarrenal tiene tres zonas que son basicamente: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata y zona reticular, con ausencia de zona intermedia. La zona glomerulosa contiene celulas poliedricas que forman racimos irregulares o cuerdas, mientras que la zona fasciculata tenia celulas radiales de forma cuboidal o poliedrica. Las celulas de la zona reticular son similares a las de la zona fasciculata y ademas contienen celulas pequenas como cordones irregulares y racimos. Las celulas de la medula suprarrenal estan compuestas por celulas epitelioides irregulares dispuestas en grupos redondeados o cuerdas cortas y son en su mayoria celulas cromafines columnares o poliedricas, que estan separadas por sinusoides. La capsula suprarrenal y la medula suprarrenal fueron positivas con tricromico de Masson, a diferencia de la zona fasciculata y la zona reticular. La capsula suprarrenal y la zona glomerulosa fueron positivas a Verhoeff, a diferencia de las otras zonas de la glandula. En conclusion, la histologia de la glandula suprarrenal de la RGA es similar a la de otros mamiferos con algunas excepciones; toda la glandula es rica en carbohidratos, mientras que la capsula y por extension, la parte mas externa de la corteza, son ricas en colageno y fibras elasticas. El resultado de esta investigacion proporciona informacion necesaria para mejorar la comprension de la estructura y funcion de la glandula suprarrenal del animal.
On Dynkin Games with Incomplete Information

In this paper we investigate a game of optimal stopping with incomplete information. There are two players, but only one is informed about the precise structure of the game. Observing the informed player, the uninformed player is given the possibility of guessing the missing information. We show that these games have a value which can be characterized as a viscosity solution to a fully nonlinear variational PDE. Furthermore, we derive a dual representation of the value function in terms of a minimization procedure. This representation allows us, under some additional assumptions, to determine optimal strategies for the informed player.
Meta-analysis of studies examining medication adherence, persistence, and discontinuation of oral antihyperglycemic agents in type 2 diabetes

Abstract Objective: To estimate overall rates of adherence, persistence, and discontinuation for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prescribed oral antihyperglycemic agents (OAHAs) by combining results of published studies. Research design and methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify articles published in English over the last 10 years evaluating the use of OAHAs for the treatment of T2DM. Databases searched included PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Seventy studies reporting adherence, persistence or discontinuation were identified by two independent reviewers and 40 reported relevant endpoints for the analysis. Outcomes included: (1) mean adherence defined as the average medication possession ratio (MPR); (2) proportion of adherent patients (MPR ≥ 80%); (3) discontinuation; and (4) persistence. Adherence and persistence were reported in observational studies only. Discontinuation was examined separately in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Meta-analyses were conducted using both fixed and random effects models. When meta-analysis was not appropriate for a given outcome, descriptive statistics were provided. Results: The pooled mean MPR (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 75.3% (68.8%–81.7%; n = 13) and the proportion of adherent patients (95% CI) was 67.9% (59.6%–76.3%; n = 12). The discontinuation rate (95% CI) in RCTs was 31.8% (17.0%–46.7%; n = 7). Persistence and discontinuation were not assessed via meta-analysis for observational studies due to the limited number of available studies and differences in outcome definitions. In these studies, persistence estimates ranged from 41.0% to 81.1%, with a mean (95% CI) of 56.2% (46.1%–66.3%; n = 6), while discontinuation estimates ranged from 9.9% to 60.1%, with a mean (95% CI) of 31.4% (17.6%–45.3%; n = 6). Limitations: Limitations include (1) the use of MPR as a proxy for adherence, (2) limited number of studies available, and (3) observed heterogeneity. Conclusion: The results of the analysis demonstrate that medication adherence, persistence, and discontinuation rates are suboptimal in patients with T2DM prescribed OAHAs.