Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcome of Anatomical Reconstruction Versus Tenodesis for the Treatment of Chronic Anterolateral Instability of the Ankle Joint: A Multicenter Study

The long-term clinical outcome after anatomical reconstruction and tenodesis in the treatment of chronic anterolateral ankle instability was assessed in a retrospective multicentre study. The first group (AR) consisted of 25 patients (mean age at operation 22 yrs ± 5.7) who underwent anatomical reconstruction and the second group (TE) of 29 patients (mean age 23 yrs ± 6.6) who underwent tenodesis. For both groups, the mean follow-up period was 12.3 yrs (AR ± 2.5 yrs, TE ± 2.7 yrs). At physical examination, there were significantly more patients in the TE group (n = 18) with a positive anterior drawer sign as compared with the AR group (n = 7) (p = 0.02). Medially located degenerative changes in the ankle joint as seen on standard radiographs were seen more often in the TE group (n = 7) than in the AR group (n = 1) (p = 0.03). The mean talar tilt, 4.7° in the AR group vs 6.9° in the TE group, (p = 0.02) and anterior talar translation, 2.9 mm in the AR group vs 4.3 mm in the TE group, (p = 0.04) were significantly higher in the TE group at radiographic stress examination. According to the rating system developed by Good et al. (1975), significantly fewer patients in the TE group (n = 8) had an excellent result as compared with the AR group (n = 15) (p = 0.03) and more patients in the TE group (n = 9) had a fair or poor result (p = 0.04) as compared with the AR group (n = 2). We conclude that a tenodesis procedure does not restore the normal anatomy of the lateral ankle ligaments. When compared with anatomical reconstruction, a tenodesis leads to inferior results in terms of functional and mechanical stability, as well as overall satisfaction at long-term follow-up.
The interpretation and use of economic predictions

Treasury forecasts, both published and unpublished, of GDP and retail prices are analysed with reference to average absolute forecast errors and a benchmark index of variation. Forecasts of both GDP and the RPI looking two years ahead have become more accurate since the early 1970s, but there has been no marked improvement in one year ahead forecasts. The accuracy of annualized forecasts of GDP improves, and that of the RPI forecasts deteriorates, as the forecast time horizon is progressively extended from one to eight quarters ahead. Some evidence of forecast bias is presented ; in the period up to 1979, GDP tended to be over-predicted, and inflation under-predicted. Since 1980 this pattern has been reversed. Analysis of Treasury forecasts and an average of U. S. forecasts shows them to be about equally accurate. The role of forecasts in the implementation of economic policy is discussed. Systematic model-based forecasts provide a consistent framework of analysis, which can improve the operation of economic policy. But prediction errors, and the inertia of the economy, imply that there is only limited scope for discretionary, forecast-based, stabilization policy. Under the medium term financial strategy, MTFS, the policy emphasis has shifted to the medium term. The forecasts have been used to articulate assumptions for output, inflation and money GDP, and to provide the tax and expenditure framework behind the illustrative path of the PSBR. Without the forecasts, the conduct of monetary and fiscal policy would have been considerably more difficult. The paper concludes that, while reductions in the forecast errors of short-term forecasts may be difficult to achieve, there is hope that the accuracy of longer-term forecasts may continue to improve.
Chloroplast DNA diversity in Calluna vulgaris (heather) populations in Europe

Variation in the chloroplast genome of Calluna vulgaris (heather), the dominant species of northwest European heath communities, was analysed using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR–RFLPs) and microsatellites. No length polymorphisms were detected in the 100–200 base pair (bp) fragments amplified by the conserved microsatellite primers, and sequencing revealed that the repeat regions were interrupted relative to the corresponding sequence in Nicotiana tabacum. In contrast, PCR–RFLP analysis revealed high levels of haplotype diversity within populations (hS = 0.443, hT = 0.842), as well as substantial differentiation between populations (GST = 0.473). Diversity and differentiation were higher in southern Europe than in northern Europe. Interpreted in the light of data from allozyme studies and pollen core records, the results suggest that the main glacial refugia for C. vulgaris were located in southwest Europe, including northern Spain, the Pyrenees and the Massif Central region of France. There is also evidence for diffuse survival of the species at more northerly latitudes.
A Novel Human Rad54 Homologue, Rad54B, Associates with Rad51*

Members of the SNF2/SWI2 family, characterized with sequence motifs similar to those found in DNA and RNA helicases, play roles in various aspects of cellular fundamental processes such as transcriptional regulation, chromosome stability, nucleotide excision repair, and recombination. We have isolated a novel member of the human SNF2/SWI2 family, RAD54B, which is highly homologous to mammalian RAD54. The RAD54 gene is a member of the RAD52 epistasis group which is involved in the recombinational repair of DNA damage. Here we demonstrate that human Rad54B (hRad54B), like human Rad54 (hRad54), associates with human Rad51 (hRad51). Both hRad54B and hRad54 associate with hRad51 through their NH2-terminal domains, but there are differences in their ways of association with hRad51. In contrast to Rad54, whose association with Rad51 is induced by ionizing radiation, Rad54B associates with Rad51 constitutively in immunoprecipitation experiments. Also, the failure to detect the interaction between hRad54B and hRad51 in the yeast two-hybrid assay suggests that their interaction, unlike that between hRad54 and hRad51, may be indirect. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that hRad54B formed nuclear foci that colocalized with hRad51, hRad54, and BRCA1. These findings suggest that Rad54B may be functionally distinct from Rad54, although it may play an active role in recombination processes in concert with other members of the RAD52 epistasis group.
Domperidone: Review of Pharmacology and Clinical Applications in Gastroenterology

Domperidone is a dopamine-2 receptor antagonist. It acts as an antiemetic and a prokinetic agent through its effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone and motor function of the stomach and small intestine. Unlike metoclopramide, it does not cause any adverse neurological symptoms as it has minimal penetration through the blood-brain barrier. It thus provides an excellent safety profile for long-term administration orally in the recommended doses. Domperidone is widely used in many countries and can now be officially prescribed to patients in the United States by an investigational new drug application for the treatment of gastroparesis and any condition causing chronic nausea and vomiting. In view of this additional clinical exposure of domperidone to a new generation of gastroenterologists and other specialists, the purpose of this timely review is to revisit the pharmacology, clinical application, and safety profile of this beneficial medication.
Effect of statins type on incident prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis and systematic review

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of statins type or even when grouping statins by hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature on prostate cancer risk. A literature search was performed without language restrictions using the databases of PubMed (1984.1-2015.3), MEDLINE (1984.1-2015.3), and EMBASE (1990.1-2015.3). Two independent reviewers appraised eligible studies and extracted data. Weighted averages were reported as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistic heterogeneity scores were assessed with the standard Cochran′s Q-test and I2 statistic. Publication bias was detected using the Begg′s and Egger′s tests. All statistical analyses were conducted by STATA version 10. Finally, fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic statins showed no association with incidence of prostate cancer (RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.82-1.17; RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.73-1.08, respectively). Meanwhile, the risk of prostate cancer was not reduced in simvastatin (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.72-1.05), pravastatin (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.94-1.11), atorvastatin (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.76-1.02), fluvastatin (RR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97-1.01), or lovastatin users (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.79-1.08). The funnel plot showed that there was no publication bias. The results showed that statins had a neutral effect on prostate cancer risk; hydrophilic and hydrophobic statins as well as any subtype of statins did not affect the risk of prostate cancer.
Consensus statement on the terminology and classification of central neck dissection for thyroid cancer.

BACKGROUND The primary goals of this interdisciplinary consensus statement are to review the relevant anatomy of the central neck compartment, to identify the nodal subgroups within the central compartment commonly involved in thyroid cancer, and to define a consistent terminology relevant to the central compartment neck dissection. SUMMARY The most commonly involved central lymph nodes in thyroid carcinoma are the prelaryngeal (Delphian), pretracheal, and the right and left paratracheal nodal basins. A central neck dissection includes comprehensive, compartment-oriented removal of the prelaryngeal and pretracheal nodes and at least one paratracheal lymph node basin. A designation should be made as to whether a unilateral or bilateral dissection is performed and on which side (left or right) in unilateral cases. Lymph node "plucking" or "berry picking" implies removal only of the clinically involved nodes rather than a complete nodal group within the compartment and is not recommended. A therapeutic central compartment neck dissection implies that nodal metastasis is apparent clinically (preoperatively or intraoperatively) or by imaging (clinically N1a). A prophylactic/elective central compartment dissection implies nodal metastasis is not detected clinically or by imaging (clinically N0). CONCLUSION Central neck dissection at a minimum should consist of removal of the prelaryngeal, pretracheal, and paratracheal lymph nodes. The description of a central neck dissection should include both the indication (therapeutic vs. prophylactic/elective) and the extent of the dissection (unilateral or bilateral).
A comprehensive measure of product and international diversifications

Assessing the relationship between diversification and performance has attracted a lot of attention for decades. However, the results of the studies about the relationship are inconclusive. This inconclusiveness might be due to using different measures of diversification and measurement problems. We developed a diversification measure and tested its predictive validity against the Total Global Diversification measure as the optimal measure of diversification. The new measure outperformed, and showed sigmoid relationship between international diversification and Tobin’s Q. Moreover, we found that product diversification did not have an effect on firms’ performance but positively moderated the relationship between international diversification and performance.
The Oncofetal Protein IMP3: A Useful Marker to Predict Poor Clinical Outcome in Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung

Introduction: We evaluated the expression of the oncofetal protein IMP3 in a series of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung, correlating our results with proliferating index Ki67 and with the expression of the two most studied stem cell markers in lung cancer, Nanog and Oct3/4. Methods: A total of 74 patients with a diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor including 46 cases of typical carcinoid, nine cases of atypical carcinoids, 13 cases of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and six cases of small cell carcinomas were enrolled. Results: IMP3 was expressed in 50% of small cell carcinomas, 84% of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 55% of atypical carcinoids and 10% of typical carcinoids. IMP3-positive cases showed significantly decreased overall and disease-free survival time compared with IMP3-negative cases. Nanog was expressed in 50% of small cell carcinomas, 31% of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 33% of atypical carcinoids and 15% of typical carcinoids, and 68% of IMP3-positive tumors were also enriched for Nanog expression. Conversely, Oct3/4 expression could not be detected in all the analyzed series. When combining Ki67 and IMP3 expression we demonstrated that all the cases with a Ki67 index higher than 4% were also IMP3-positive, and their simultaneous expression was a poor prognostic factor. Conclusions: IMP3 is a marker of poor outcome in lung neuroendocrine tumors; its correlation with Nanog expression suggest an implication of IMP3 in stem cell processes and its association with a Ki67 labeling index higher than 4% stratifies a subset of atypical carcinoids with a higher risk of recurrence and mortality.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Plastid Gene Expression in Potato Leaf Chloroplasts and Tuber Amyloplasts: Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Control1[W]

Gene expression in nongreen plastids is largely uncharacterized. To compare gene expression in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber amyloplasts and leaf chloroplasts, amounts of transcripts of all plastid genes were determined by hybridization to plastome arrays. Except for a few genes, transcript accumulation was much lower in tubers compared with leaves. Transcripts of photosynthesis-related genes showed a greater reduction in tubers compared with leaves than transcripts of genes for the genetic system. Plastid genome copy number in tubers was 2- to 3-fold lower than in leaves and thus cannot account for the observed reduction of transcript accumulation in amyloplasts. Both the plastid-encoded and the nucleus-encoded RNA polymerases were active in potato amyloplasts. Transcription initiation sites were identical in chloroplasts and amyloplasts, although some differences in promoter utilization between the two organelles were evident. For some intron-containing genes, RNA splicing was less efficient in tubers than in leaves. Furthermore, tissue-specific differences in editing of ndh transcripts were detected. Hybridization of the plastome arrays with RNA extracted from polysomes indicated that, in tubers, ribosome association of transcripts was generally low. Nevertheless, some mRNAs, such as the transcript of the fatty acid biosynthesis gene accD, displayed relatively high ribosome association. Selected nuclear genes involved in plastid gene expression were generally significantly less expressed in tubers than in leaves. Hence, compared with leaf chloroplasts, gene expression in tuber amyloplasts is much lower, with control occurring at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels. Candidate regulatory sequences that potentially can improve plastid (trans)gene expression in amyloplasts have been identified.
Recent developments in state estimation with phasor measurements

Synchronized Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) are being installed in many power systems around the world. Several of these installations intend to utilize the PMU data to augment features of their state estimators. This paper summarizes results of recent research which have used phasor measurements in novel ways. Beginning with a phasor based state estimation technique the paper considers an innovative approach to incorporating phasor data in conventional state estimators. The paper reviews the concept of complete and incomplete observability with phasor data, and the use of incompletely observed state to achieve pseudo observability. Also included is a discussion of seams between adjoining state estimates, and a new concept of using phasor measurements to calibrate instrument transformers.
Exploring new instrumentation parameters for electrochemotherapy. Attacking tumors with bursts of biphasic pulses instead of single pulses

Electrochemotherapy using rectangular biphasic stimuli and bursts of stimuli, as compared to using monophasic pulses obtained by capacitor discharge, are at least of the same efficacy. The use of small surface electrodes in dermatological treatment yields electrode-skin impedances in the range of 200-400 ohms, with the impedances being almost entirely resistive. Therefore, generator output resistances can be in the range of 10 to 20 ohms. The use of a single burst of 50+50 /spl mu/sec biphasic pulses, with an overall duration of about 7 msec, is well tolerated by the patients, causing just one short stimulus sensation instead of a succession of eight stimuli. The treatment results with the above-described instrumentation are comparable to those reported in the literature. Further studies are necessary in order to better understand the process of electropermeabilization in vivo, so as to determine optimal pulse duration, frequency, and waveform, and to eventually lower field intensity.
Molecular Epidemiology of Influenza A/H3N2 Viruses Circulating in Uganda

The increasing availability of complete influenza virus genomes is deepening our understanding of influenza evolutionary dynamics and facilitating the selection of vaccine strains. However, only one complete African influenza virus sequence is available in the public domain. Here we present a complete genome analysis of 59 influenza A/H3N2 viruses isolated from humans in Uganda during the 2008 and 2009 season. Isolates were recovered from hospital-based sentinel surveillance for influenza-like illnesses and their whole genome sequenced. The viruses circulating during these two seasons clearly differed from each other phylogenetically. They showed a slow evolution away from the 2009/10 recommended vaccine strain (A/Brisbane/10/07), instead clustering with the 2010/11 recommended vaccine strain (A/Perth/16/09) in the A/Victoria/208/09 clade, as observed in other global regions. All of the isolates carried the adamantane resistance marker S31N in the M2 gene and carried several markers of enhanced transmission; as expected, none carried any marker of neuraminidase inhibitor resistance. The hemagglutinin gene of the 2009 isolates differed from that of the 2008 isolates in antigenic sites A, B, D, and to a lesser extent, C and E indicating evidence of an early phylogenetic shift from the 2008 to 2009 viruses. The internal genes of the 2009 isolates were similar to those of one 2008 isolate, A/Uganda/MUWRP-050/2008. Another 2008 isolate had a truncated PB1-F2 protein. Whole genome sequencing can enhance surveillance of future seasonal changes in the viral genome which is crucial to ensure that selected vaccine strains are protective against the strains circulating in Eastern Africa. This data provides an important baseline for this surveillance. Overall the influenza virus activity in Uganda appears to mirror that observed in other regions of the southern hemisphere.
Plasma urea-cycle-related amino acids, ammonium levels, and urinary orotic acid excretion in short-bowel patients managed with an oral diet.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The small intestine contains several enzymes involved in arginine synthesis and converts glutamine to citrulline, the major compound for endogenous arginine synthesis. This study was conducted to assess the plasma status of urea-cycle intermediates and orotic urinary excretion in short-bowel patients. METHODS Thirteen stable short-bowel syndrome patients (7 men; 60.2+/-15.2 years) were studied. Patients were divided into moderately resected (Group A; n=6) and severely resected (Group B; n=7) according to their remnant bowel length (Group A: 61-150 cm; Group B: < or =60 cm). All subjects were consuming an oral diet plus dietetic supplements. Plasma urea-cycle amino acids, ammonium and urinary orotic acid were determined. RESULTS Plasma glutamine levels were significantly higher in both patient groups than in the control group (P<0.001). Regarding citrulline, Group B levels were significantly lower vs. controls (P<0.001). Comparisons between patient groups showed higher arginine in Group A (P<0.05) and non-statistically lower citrulline in Group B. Blood ammonium and orotic urinary excretion were normal. CONCLUSIONS Although plasma citrulline and glutamine alterations were found, patients showed no hyperammonemia or orotic aciduria, which suggests a certain degree of adaptation in arginine and related amino acid metabolism, when an adequate dietary supply of arginine is provided.
Reproductive performance in dairy cows synchronized with the Ovsynch protocol at different stages of the estrus cycle.

Goshen, T. 22 INTRODUCTION Reproductive efficacy is a key element in dairy farm management. A major component in reproductive management is estrus detection and artificial insemination (AI) of the cow at the correct time in the estrus cycle. In Israel, the vast majority of large dairy farms rely mainly on electronic estrus detection by pedometry or activity meters (1, 2). Recently, automated estrus detection aids have become more available and adopted worldwide (3-5). In farms without automated estrus detection, timed AI (TAI) has become widely accepted as a reproductive management tool. The Ovsynch protocol, first described by Pursley et al. in 1995 (6), is most widely used either on its own or in combination with pre-synchronization (7-10) or post insemination protocols (11, 12). The Ovsynch program consists of 2 injections of Gondotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), 7 days before, and 48 hours after an injection of Prostoglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α). Cows are inseminated 16 to 25 hours after the second injection of GnRH (6). The advantages of Ovsynch include the lack of need for estrus detection by visual or by expensive electronic means, high insemination rates, reduced losses due to trauma or mastitis that are estrus related, and flexibility in the number of cows to be synchronized. Additionally, AI at a fixed times allows for on farm concentrated work effort for hormone injections, for AI in a predicted time, and Ovsynch was also described as a treatment for acyclic cows (13-15). It has been reported that cows inseminated using the Ovsynch protocol conceived in comparable rates to the conception rates (CR) of cows Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows Synchronized with the Ovsynch Protocol at Different Stages of the Estrus Cycle