Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Rise of the “Yummy Mummy”: Popular Conservatism and the Neoliberal Maternal in Contemporary British Culture

This article analyses the emergence of the new social type of the ‘yummy mummy’ by examining the constellation of narratives circulating through and around it in British culture. It contends that, whilst it has some notable precursors, the idea of the yummy mummy marks a fairly substantial cultural shift given the weight of the western Christian tradition that has overwhelmingly positioned the mother as asexual. Coming into being in part through an increasing social divide between rich and poor, this stock type most often serves to augment a white, thirtysomething position of privilege, shoring up its boundaries against the other side of the social divide (so-called ‘pramfaces’). At the same time it is part of a wider fetishisation of the maternal that coexists with profoundly gendered inequalities in relation to childcare in particular. Drawing from a range of sources, and in particular autobiographical celebrity guidebooks and ‘henlit’ novels, the article argues that the figure of the yummy mummy functions to elide such social contexts, instead espousing a girlish, high-consuming maternal ideal as a site of hyperindividualised psychological ‘maturity’. ‘Successful’ maternal femininity in this context is often articulated by rejecting ‘environmentally-conscious’ behaviour and in attempting to render what are presented as excessive eco-delusions both abject and transparent. This tendency, the article argues, is indicative of the conservative nature of the phenomenon, which is forced to belittle and disavow wider structures of social, political and ecological dependency in order for its conservative fantasy of autonomous, individualising retreatism to be maintained.
Maximizing association statistics over genetic models

The assessment of the association between a candidate locus and a disease may require the assumption of an inheritance model. Most researchers select the additive model and test the association with the Cochran‐Armitage trend test. This test assumes a dose‐response effect with regard to the number of copies of the variant allele. However, if there is reason to expect dominance or recessiveness in the effect of the variant allele, the heterozygous genotype may be grouped with one of the two homozygous, depending on the inheritance model, and a simple test on the 2 × 2 table can be used to assess independence. When the underlying genetic model is unknown, association may be assessed using the max‐statistic, which selects the largest test statistic from the dominant, recessive and additive models. The statistical significance of the max‐statistic has been previously addressed using permutation or Monte Carlo simulation approaches. We aimed to provide simpler alternatives to the max‐test to make it feasible in large‐scale association studies. Our simulations show that this procedure has an effective number of tests of 2.2, which can be used to correct the significance level or P‐values. We also derive the asymptotic distribution of max‐statistic, which leads to a simple way to calculate the significance level and allows the derivation of a formula for power calculations in the design of studies that plan to use the max‐statistic. A simulation study shows that the use of the max‐statistic is a powerful approach that provides safeguard against model uncertainty. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On-chain electrodynamics of metallic ( TMTSF ) 2 X salts: Observation of Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid response

We have measured the electrodynamic response in the metallic state of three highly anisotropic conductors, $(\mathrm{TMTSF}{)}_{2}X,$ where $X={\mathrm{PF}}_{6}$, ${\mathrm{AsF}}_{6},$ or ${\mathrm{ClO}}_{4},$ and TMTSF is the organic molecule tetramethyltetraselenofulvalene. In all three cases we find dramatic deviations from a simple Drude response. The optical conductivity has two features: a narrow mode at zero frequency, with a small spectral weight, and a mode centered around 200 ${\mathrm{}\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},$ with nearly all of the spectral weight expected for the relevant number of carriers and single particle bandmass. We argue that these features are characteristic of a nearly one-dimensional half- or quarter-filled band with Coulomb correlations, and evaluate the finite-energy mode in terms of a one-dimensional Mott insulator. At high frequencies $(\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}g{t}_{\ensuremath{\perp}},$ the transfer integral perpendicular to the chains), the frequency dependence of the optical conductivity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ is in agreement with calculations based on an interacting Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, and is different from what is expected for an uncorrelated one-dimensional semiconductor. The zero-frequency mode shows deviations from a simple Drude response, and can be adequately described with a frequency-dependent mass and relaxation rate.
Transcriptomic signature to oxidative stress exposure at the time of embryonic genome activation in bovine blastocysts

In order to understand how in vitro culture affects embryonic quality, we analyzed survival and global gene expression in bovine blastocysts after exposure to increased oxidative stress conditions. Two pro‐oxidant agents, one that acts extracellularly by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (0.01 mM 2,2′‐azobis (2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride [AAPH]) or another that acts intracellularly by inhibiting glutathione synthesis (0.4 mM buthionine sulfoximine [BSO]) were added separately to in vitro culture media from Day 3 (8–16‐cell stage) onward. Transcriptomic analysis was then performed on resulting Day‐7 blastocysts. In the literature, these two pro‐oxidant conditions were shown to induce delayed degeneration in a proportion of Day‐8 blastocysts. In our experiment, no morphological difference was visible, but AAPH tended to decrease the blastocyst rate while BSO significantly reduced it, indicating a differential impact on the surviving population. At the transcriptomic level, blastocysts that survived either pro‐oxidant exposure showed oxidative stress and an inflammatory response (ARRB2), although AAPH induced higher disturbances in cellular homeostasis (SERPINE1). Functional genomics of the BSO profile, however, identified differential expression of genes related to glycine metabolism and energy metabolism (TPI1). These differential features might be indicative of pre‐degenerative blastocysts (IGFBP7) in the AAPH population whereas BSO exposure would select the most viable individuals (TKDP1). Together, these results illustrate how oxidative disruption of pre‐attachment development is associated with systematic up‐regulation of several metabolic markers. Moreover, it indicates that a better capacity to survive anti‐oxidant depletion may allow for the survival of blastocysts with a quieter metabolism after compaction. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 9999:XX–XX. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 297–314, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Household access to water and willingness to pay in South Africa: evidence from the 2007 General Household Survey

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . v TABLE OF CONTENT . vi LIST OF TABLES . xii Table 2.1 Percentage of people with different water sources . 15. xii LIST OF FIGURES . xv LIST OF ACRONYMS . xvi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Background to the study . 1 Statement of the problem . 2 1.4 The rationale of the study . 3 1.5 Objectives of the study . 3 1.6 Research questions . 3 1.6. 1 General Research question. 3 1.6. 2 Specific Questions . 4 1.7 Hypotheses . 4 1.8 Significance of the study . 4 1.9 Limitation of the study . 4 1.10 Delimitation of the study . 5 1.11 Definition of key terms. 5 1.11. 1 Accessibility . 5 1.11. 2 Domestic Water . 6 1.11. 3 Demographic variables . 6 1.11.4 Household . 6 1.11.5 Housing Unit . 6
Understanding Industry’s Expectations of Engineering Communication Skills

the preference for face-to-face communication by older generations and technology-mediated interactions as the preferred way of communication when it comes to younger generations of engineers. This study also indicated that technology has affected engineering communication in industry. Interactions have been accelerated by the several new options of communication mediums, such as texting and instant messages, the volume of information exchanged among engineers is increasingly higher, and the number of e-mails sent and received is significantly time consuming.
Hepatitis C Virus RNA Levels During Initial Induction or Standard Interferon Therapy: Influence of Continued Treatment on Sustained Response

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA kinetics were studied at baseline weeks 4, 8 and 12 during interferon-α (IFN) monotherapy in 65 patients (mean age 39 y, range 19-66 y) with chronic HCV infection. IFN treatment was given either as initial induction (n=34) or as standard dosing 3 times a week (n=31). Patients with genotypes 2 and 3 had a significantly steeper decline in HCV RNA levels than patients with genotype 1 at weeks 4, 8 and 12 (p<0.001 at all points measured). The decline in viral load was more pronounced in patients with induction therapy than with standard therapy at weeks 4, 8 and 12 (p<0.02, 0.054 and 0.01, respectively). Patients with a sustained viral response had a 3-log decline in viral levels at week 4, with few exceptions. Two patients with non-response at week 12 (1 each with genotype 1 and non-1) responded after supplementation with ribavirin.
Who operates when, where and on whom? A survey of anaesthetic‐surgical activity in Ireland as denominator of NAP5

The second phase of the 5th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, concerning accidental awareness during general anaesthesia, consisted of a survey of anaesthetic activity in Ireland. A network of consultant anaesthetists co‐ordinated data collection from the anaesthetic departments of 46 public and 20 independent hospitals over seven days. Data on patients' characteristics, anaesthetic techniques, staffing, and admission and discharge arrangements were collected on all cases for which anaesthetic care (general, regional or local anaesthesia, sedation or monitored anaesthesia care) was provided. A total of 8049 cases were reported during the survey, giving an annual estimate of 426 600 cases for which anaesthetic care is provided. General anaesthesia constituted 5621 (70%), regional anaesthesia 1404 (17%), local anaesthesia 290 (4%), sedation 618 (8%) and monitored anaesthesia care 116 (1%) of the total number of cases. This survey provides unique data regarding anaesthesia services in public and independent hospitals in Ireland.
Prediction of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Characteristics using MP-PIC Method

Pneumatic conveying characteristics of a dilute phase flow in a circular horizontal pipe was predicted using MP-PIC method in OpenFOAM code. The geometry, material and operating conditions are similar to some experimental data in published literature. The pipe diameter is 30.5 mm. The solid particles are plastic pellets which are having 1000 kg/m3 of density and 0.2 mm of particle diameter. The simulations were carried out for 10 m/s of superficial air velocity and for different solids mass loadings 0, 1, 2 and 3. The pressure drop, air velocity profiles and solids distribution were analysed and some of the results were compared with experimental data from the literature. The predicted pressure drops and air velocity profiles show a quite good agreement with the experimental data.
Demonstration and analysis of a 40-gigasample/s interferometric analog-to-digital converter

A novel interferometric scheme for photonic analog-to-digital conversion is for the first time experimentally demonstrated at a real-time sample rate of 40 gigasamples/s. The scheme includes sampling as well as binary encoding, and the input signal in the experiment was a 1.25-GHz sinusoidal tone that was successfully digitized with a nominal resolution of 21 digital levels. Single-sample measurements yielded an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 2.6, which was limited by thermal detection noise while multisample averaged measurements resulted in an ENOB of 3.6 bits, mainly limited by phase drift. Apart from the experimental results, this paper covers an extensive theoretical analysis of the system, including calculations on the fundamental maximum bandwidth, the required optical power, the generated binary code, and its error robustness, as well as the impact of detection noise on the signal-to-noise ratio of the digitized signal. The major benefits of this interferometric scheme are that only one standard phase modulator is required and that the phase swing does not have to be larger than plusmnpi to reach the full digital value space
Error Estimates for well-balanced and time-split schemes on a locally damped wave equation

A posteriori L 1 error estimates are derived for both well-balanced (WB) and fractional-step (FS) numerical approximations of the unique weak solution of the Cauchy problem for the 1D semilinear damped wave equation. For setting up the WB algorithm, we proceed by rewriting it under the form of an elementary 3 × 3 system which linear convective structure allows to reduce the Godunov scheme with optimal Courant number (corresponding to Δ t = Δ x ) to a wavefront-tracking algorithm free from any step of projection onto piecewise constant functions. A fundamental diﬀerence in the total variation estimates is proved, which partly explains the discrepancy of the FS method when the dissipative (sink) term displays an explicit dependence in the space variable. Numerical tests are performed by means of stationary exact solutions of the linear damped wave equation.
Solid waste generation and decomposition using compost bin technique in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Solid waste comprised of a grass clippings mixture was decomposed using a locally-made compost bin in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, to eliminate challenges associated with improper waste disposal. Bulk density, pH, moisture content, nutrients content, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio were determined over 77 days. A 34% reduction in compost bin volume was observed and bulk density and pH were also reduced from 732 to 482 kg m−3 and 7.82 to 8.41, respectively, indicating fairly good performance. The final moisture content and C/N ratio were 44.06% and 14 : 1, respectively, and the results also showed that the presence of nutrients and heavy metals in the final compost were within acceptable limits for use as a soil conditioner. Final concentrations of N, P and K were 347 mg kg−1, 510 mg kg−1 and 14.8 g kg−1 and for heavy metals, Fe, Zn and Cu were 5308, 300 and 20 mg kg−1, respectively, which considerably assisted in the decomposition process. Processed waste materials from the bin were shown to be excellent organic fertilizers with over 75% germination index for seeds grown into bean sprouts in 72 h. An improved bin design to eliminate greenhouse gas emission into the environment is suggested
Genetic basis of human female pelvic morphology: a twin study.

To examine the relative role of genetic and environmental factors on pelvic morphology, data on 60 pairs of female twins (30 monozygotic (MZ) and 30 dizygotic (DZ)) were analyzed. Fourteen pelvic measurements were normally distributed, and two were not. Association of twin type with the mean value of a trait was found in only 1 out of 8 traits. Heterogeneity of variance between zygosities was observed in 4 pelvic traits (50%), invalidating within-pair estimates of genetic variance for these traits. Evidence of stronger environmental covariance for MZ than DZ twins was observed for only one trait (sitting height iliocristale). A significant genetic component of variation was observed for age at menarche and in the pelvic area. In instances where inequality of variances between zygosities was demonstrated, total among-pair and within-pair mean squares were larger for dizygotic than for monozygotic twins. This is interpreted as evidence of greater environmental influence between zygosities. Environmental modification was not of the same magnitude in various pelvic traits. Bitrochanteric breadth had the highest magnitude of cultural heritability, indicating that cultural factors played an important role in determining hip breadth.
Conservative treatment of mandibular dysfunction. Clinical, experimental and electromyographic studies of biofeedback and occlusal appliances.

Two modes of treatment for mandibular dysfunction, electromyographic biofeedback and occlusal appliances, were studied. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to treatment with biofeedback or splints and it was shown that both therapies reduced signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction in the short and long-term perspective. An analysis of potentially useful clinical predictors of the treatment outcome indicated that laboratory diurnal biofeedback may be a useful alternative to splint therapy in cases where night-time bruxing is not the dominating feature. During biofeedback training, from the masseter or frontal muscle, the EMG activity in both muscle areas in 20 patients with acute or chronic mandibular dysfunction decreased within but not between six sessions, progressively more often for the masseter area. The results were valid irrespective of feedback or symptom duration. A simplistic neuromuscular learning model could not alone explain the positive effects on symptoms. It was shown that motivation was important. The EMG activity in the masseter area was greater during experimentally induced stress than under baseline or resting conditions, and greater in the patients than in matched controls. There was no difference between the pain side and the non-pain side. After the biofeedback training, the EMG activity during stress in the patients under identical conditions was lower and at the same level as in the controls, whose responsiveness had not changed. The anxiety level, expressed in TMAS scores, was greater in patients than in controls before but not after treatment. The influence on the integrated EMG activity in the masseter and temporal muscles after night-time use of appliances with different occlusal design was studied in 17 healthy subjects. After use of stabilisation splints, the activity in the temporal muscle was lower in the rest position and lower than after use of bite plates. The activity during gentle and maximal biting had not changed. The mean activity in a control group of 8 subjects had not changed at any functional level. A positive correlation between clinical signs and level of EMG activity in the temporal muscle in the rest position was observed in 19 patients with mandibular dysfunction. The patients also had less activity in the masseter and temporal muscles during maximal biting compared to healthy subjects. No change in EMG activity could be observed after night-time use of stabilisation splints or bite plates for six weeks, although the symptoms improved. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The release of metal ions from orthodontic appliances animal tests.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the release of metal ions from an orthodontic appliance in tests on animals (pigs). MATERIALS AND METHODS An animal test was conducted on 24 pigs divided equally into an experimental and a control group. In total, 12 sets of experimental orthodontic plates were surgically inserted into pig snouts in the experimental group for 6 months. Noninvasive matrices (hair [0, 3, and 6 months]) and invasive matrices (kidneys, liver, lungs, aorta, and oral mucosa) were collected for multi-elemental analysis (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) from the experimental and control groups. RESULTS The greatest differences in the content of toxic metals were found in the aorta (Ni level was 4.8 times higher in experimental than in the control group), in the cheek (Ni 3.5 times higher), and in the hair sampled after 3 months (Cr 3.4 times higher). CONCLUSIONS The obtained data indicate that the products of corrosion have passed into selected tissues of pigs; however, the doses of toxic metal ions released from the appliance did not reach toxic levels.
Factors associated with carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaques in type 2 diabetic patients

Objective: Factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis are unclear in type 2 diabetic patients. The aim was to investigate the independent correlates of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques in these individuals. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we measured carotid IMT at three sites (common carotid, bifurcation and internal carotid artery) and the severity of extracranial carotid artery (ECCA) atherosclerosis by plaque score in 441 type 2 diabetic patients. Nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors [ambulatory blood pressures (BPs), aortic stiffness, C-reactive protein and ankle–brachial index) were obtained. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions assessed the independent correlates of carotid IMT and ECCA plaque score. Results: Patients with greater carotid IMT or plaque scores had worse clinical and laboratory profile than those with lower IMT and plaque scores, including higher BPs, aortic stiffness and prevalences of diabetic complications. On multivariate analysis, carotid IMT and plaques were mainly associated with older age, male sex, current–past smoking and ambulatory BPs, but not with clinic BPs. Night-time pulse pressure was the most important modifiable determinant of increased carotid IMT. No microvascular complication was independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis, except retinopathy for plaque score. Additionally, internal carotid IMT and plaque score were associated with ankle–brachial index in the subgroup of patients without macrovascular diseases. Conclusion: In type 2 diabetic patients, older age, male sex, smoking status and ambulatory BPs, particularly night-time pulse pressure, were the main independent correlates of ultrasonographic carotid atherosclerosis. This finding reinforces the importance of ambulatory BP monitoring in type 2 diabetes management.
Effects of Age and Hemianopic Visual Field Loss on Driving

Purpose. With the use of an interactive driving simulator, we examined the driving performance of older patients with either homonymous or quadrantic hemianopsia with primarily occipital lobe damage resulting from cerebrovascular accidents (CVA's). Methods. We compared the performance of these patients with that of a normally sighted, age-similar control group and that of a normally sighted younger group. Results. The driving performance of the patients was either worse than, or similar to, that of the older control group; all of the older individuals (both patients and normally sighted subjects) had worse performance than the younger group. Conclusions. Age-related effects combined with the effects of visual field losses in older patients with cerebrovascular accidents had a negative impact on driving skills.