Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF DECONVOLUTIONAL SENTENCE RECONSTRUCTION

Finding an effective latent sentence representation is often a required step in most of the natural language processing (NLP) research. Most of the time, people are using recurrent neural networks to extract this latent representation with additional techniques like attention mechanism and teacher forcing. However, such techniques might weaken the amount of information carried inside the latent representation because the decoding process is not relying on the latent representation solely, but more on some external signals. In this essay, we are going to explore how we make use of deconvolution networks for sentence reconstruction. This can be potentially extended to solve other NLP tasks such as machine translation and sentiment analysis. From our sentence reconstruction experiment, the deconvolutional method outperforms a standard RNN method on short sentences.
Treatment for large adenomatoid odontogenic tumors : clinical analysis of 13 cases

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT) are exceptionally rare, accounting for 2.2-7.1% of all odontogenic tumors. The present study reviewed incidence, treatment, clinical features, and radiographic features of AOT patients and proposed an alternative treatment for large AOT. These AOT patients were admitted between June 2006 to June 2017 and retrospectively reviewed. Gender, age, lesion site, affected tooth, types, and treatment of these patients were recorded. A total of 13 AOT patients were documented. Age range was 11 to 65 years, with a mean age of 21.15 years. High incidence was found in the second decade of life (8 cases; 66.67%). Females were affected more than males, with a ratio of 1.6:1. The maxilla had 6 cases (46.15%) and the mandible had 7 cases (53.85%), with a ratio of 1:1.17. Moreover, 10 follicular cases (76.92%), 3 extra-follicular cases (23.08%), and 0 extra-osseous cases were found. In follicular AOT, the most commonly impacted tooth was canine (8; 80.00%). A total of 10 cases (83.33%) were treated with enucleation, 2 cases (16.67%) were treated with fenestration decompression, and 1 case was not treated due to poor general conditions. After two years of follow-ups, 1 (8.3%) case had a relapse. There were no clear signs of recurrence in the remaining cases. In conclusion, AOT was more common in females, most in the second decade of life, usually associated with canines. Conservative surgical enucleation is the treatment for AOT. However, for large AOT, fenestration decompression may be an effective treatment.
DIAGNOSTIC AND GENETIC STUDIES OF THEILERIA ANNULATA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF THEILERIA ANNULATA MEROZOITE SURFACE ( TAMS-1 ) ANTIGEN

Received at: 23/12/2014 Accepted: 17/1/2015 Diagnosis of bovine theileriosis was carried out by blood film and polymerase chain reaction-PCR methods. In the current study, Theileria annulata merozoite piroplasm Surface Antigen (Tams-1) target based PCR was used for specific detection of T. annulata infection in cattle from different localities in Upper Egypt then followed by cloning and sequencing of this gene then alignment of all obtained sequences and their translated amino acids to studying its polymorphism among different local strains. The results of this study concluded that blood film is still important for diagnosis. (Tams-1) target based PCR test was more sensitive than blood film. The infection rates with T. annulata in the examined cattle were 46.19% and 28.57% by using Tams-1 target based PCR and thin blood film, respectively. The (Tams-1) gene sequencing, alignment and translation into amino acids concluded that Tams-1 sequences and its translated amino acids were highly variable. This makes it not recommended for use in vaccination and/or serological diagnostic tests. The sequences and their translated amino acids were deposited in the GenBankTM databases and available under accession numbers as following (GenBank TM : KJ021626, GenBank TM : KJ021627, GenBank TM : KJ021628, GenBank TM : KJ021629).
IMPACT OF KAPPA CASEIN GENE POLYMORPHISM ON MILK COMPONENTS OF GAOLAO CATTLE

Kappa Casein gene has significant role in stabilizing casein micelle and thus govern the protein content in bovine milk. The present study was undertaken to investigate the genotypes of kappa casein in 83 Gaolao cattle using PCR-RFLP technique. A 379 bp Kcasein fragment was amplified using forward and reverse primers viz. 5'CACGTCACCCACACCCACATTTATC3' and 5'TAATTAGCCCATTTCGCCTTC TCTGT3', respectively. The amplified PCR products were digested by restriction enzyme HindIII, followed by gel electrophoresis to observe genetic variants (A and B) of K-casein. The digested products of 379 bp k-casein showed two variants A and B with gene frequencies of 0.93 and 0.07 respectively. Three genotypes viz. AA (379), AB (379,225,154) and BB (225,154) were observed in 88.89, 8.89 and 2.22 percent cows respectively. The least squares mean values for protein%, fat%, Lactose%, SNF% and Total milk yield as 4.15±0.12, 3.21±0.09, 4.99±0.15, 9.53±0.27 and 312.47±9.38, respectively. The location, season and genotype had no significant effect (P>0.05) on milk components (Fat %, protein%, Lactose% and SNF %) and Total Milk Yield (kg). However, parity had significant effect on Protein, Lactose, SNF content as well as on total milk yield, but it did not affect Fat percent. The study suggested the need to screen larger population of Gaolao cattle to reveal the impact of polymorphic nature of K-casein gene with milk composition traits and thereby suggests the feasibility of inclusion of k-casein genotype in bovine breeding plans.
Status of Fish Biodiversity and Livelihood of Fisher ' s Community in Dekhar haor of Bangladesh

The study was conducted to assess the present situation of fish biodiversity and livelihood status of fisher’s community in Dekhar haor under Sunamganj district, for a period of nine months. The study was based on personal interview of fishers, focus group discussions (FGDs) with river bank fisher’s community and cross-check interviews with key informants (KI). Results of the study revealed that total 74 species were found where 8 were critically endangered (CR), 17 were endangered (EN), 9 were vulnerable (VU) and 39 were not threatened (NO). Catch composition of fish in the haor was catfishes (24%), perches (18%), carps (16%), barbs and minnows (15%), snakeheads (8%), eels and mud eels (5%), featherbacks (4%), miscellaneous species (4%), loaches (3%) and clupeids (3%). The socio economic condition of the fisher’s in Dekhar haor region was very poor. The main occupation of fishers was fishing (70%) greatly influences their livelihood. From the study, it was found that 10-30 age groups were the major manpower of the community. In the villages, around 80% people were Muslims and only 20% were Hindus. Regarding educational level, 57% can sign, 26% were primary level passed, 10% were secondary level passed and 7% were totally illiterate. Majority of people had no land of their own. Most of the people, about 79% were using semi-pacca latrin and 5% people were using open field or no latrin. In haor, maximum people go to nearby kobiraj (38.50%), village doctor (20%), homeopathi doctor (11.50%) for their treatment. This study revealed that 70% people’s earned 40, 000-60, 000 Tk/year, 20% earned 61, 000-99, 000 Tk/year and 10% earned 100, 000above Tk/year. Muslim fishers were most dominant which was followed by Hindu fishers. A very few private organization is now trying to help them but no considerable facilities from Governmental organizations.
Information retention for disaster-stricken networks using Content Centric Networking

The underlying architecture of the Internet has been mostly the same since its beginning in the 1960s and the TCP/IP protocol stack remains ubiquitous. However the Internet is today used for much wider purposes than what was originally intended and now the most common use of the Internet is for the distribution of various forms of content. Information Centric Networking (ICN) is an alternative architecture responding to this change in usage, intended to be more prepared to handle the new requirements of the Internet not only today but also in the future. The primary concern in ICN is the secure and efficient distribution of content. Current ICN research often concerns applications on various disaster scenarios as it is believed that ICN has properties that match the requirements of such scenarios. In this thesis that research is continued by developing an especially designed information retention solution, using the existing ICN implementation of Content Centric Networking (CCN). The aim is to maximisise and prolong the availability of as much content as possible in disaster-stricken networks by preemptively replicating content across the network topology. The solution is then evaluated against a scenario set in a network topology consisting of virtual machines. The final result is that the solution performs satisfactorily and thus demonstrate the potential of ICN when applied to such scenarios. Informationsbevarande för katastrofdrabbade nätverk genom Content Centric Networking
The Design of Tobacco Control Policies: Taxation, Antismoking Campaigns, and Smoking Bans

We examine the optimal design of policies directed at regulating tobacco consumption through three types of instruments: (i) an excise tax hindering consumption by increasing the price of cigarettes, (ii) prevention programs helping individuals to take smoking decisions that are more self-controlled, and (iii) smoking bans directly restricting tobacco use. We nd that taxation helps curbing the ine¢ ciencies arising from the behavior of the averagesmoker. Antismoking campaigns usefully complement taxation by speci cally targeting smokers with above-average health harms and below-average degrees of self-control, while smoking bans target the external costs due to smoking.
Development of Bio-based , Hazardous Air Pollutant Free Sheet Molding Compounds

Chemically modified soybean oil could be an inexpensive alternative to petroleumderived unsaturated polyester SMC (sheet molding compound) resins. When reinforced with natural fibers, these composites could yield properties similar to commercial SMCs. This study investigates the synthesis conditions of natural fiber reinforced soybean oil SMCs.
Soil fertility status of bhilwara district of Rajasthan

A survey was conducted during pre monsoon season of the year 2013 in Bhilwara district of Rajasthan to assess the soil fertility status and it was found that soil pH varied from 6.90 to 9.50 with mean value of 7.68. Most of the soil samples had EC less than 1.5 dSm which indicate non saline normal soils. Soils were low to medium in organic carbon and available nitrogen while medium in available P 2 O 5 and medium to high in available Potassium. In case of micronutrients 8.18, 31.82, 21.82 and 16.36 % samples of the study area were found deficient in DTPA Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn respectively.
Access to Justice & Unemployment : Evidence from French Labor Courts

In 2008, the French government enacted a reform to reduce the number of labor courts by 20%. This led to significant changes in the access to labor courts for many workers and employers who now have to go further to litigate their conflicts. We use this reform to identify how access to labor courts impacts the labor market. Our empirical approach mainly relies on regression adjusted conditional difference-in-difference estimations. Our results show that cities that experienced an increase of distance to their associated labor court suffered from a reduction in the growth rate of job inflows (-4 percentage points), job outflows (-4.6 pp) and creations of enterprises (-6.3 pp) between 2007 and 2012 compared to non-affected cities. We find partially opposite but non-significant effect for cities that experienced a decrease in the distance to the labor court. Our results are showed to be robust to changes of composition in the control group, changes in the matching algorithm, the inclusion of congestion effects, and to alternative econometric specifications (multilevel mixed-effect models). JEL codes: K31, K41
QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIPS FOR DESIGN OF DISPERSE DYES OF HIGH TECHNICAL PROPERTIES

Study of quantitative relationships between structure and properties of dyes is essential in textile chemistry research [1-7]. In modern literature this kind of research is recognised as quantitative structure-activity relationships or quantitative structureproperty relationships (QSAR/QSPR). The results of QSPR studies are important for future development of dyes of high technical properties. Selection and design of dyes need the analysis of relationships of several quantities, such as structure of chromophores, their spectral properties, behaviour of dyes in solution, affinity of dyes to textiles, colour characteristics of dyeings, fastness of dyeings and bioelemination in textile waters. The results of systematic QSPR studies of dyes and generalisation of experimatals results supported understanding of dyeing mechanism and behaviour of textile dyes in various dyeing systems [8-13]. Published papers discuss the mechanism of disperse and anionic dyes interaction with cellulose [8-11], vat dyes with cellulose [12], some interesting results deal with design of acid dyes for silk [13]. Chemometric approach was used for analysis of bioelimination of acid, direct and reactive dyes in waste waters [14]. Some recent results of QSPR studies were reported for wool dyeing mechanism and levelness of dyeing from the point of view of amphiphilic properties of acid dyes [15]. At the same time dye affinity and rub fastness of anionic dyes on wool and cotton exhibit correlation with electronic properties of dyes [11, 16]. The analysis of the literature reveals the lack of research devoted to QSPR studies of disperse dyes. On the other hand, a numerous experimental systematic research, reported during the last 50 years, could serve as a basis for analysis structure – property relationships. The aim of the research was to study quantitative structure-property relationships for series of disperse dyes and development of an approach for predicting disperse dye behaviour in dyeing systems and environmental conditions, as well as for predicting wash and light fastness properties of dyes on polyester and polyamide.
KEEPING THE QUALITY AND EXTENDING SHELF-LIFE OF STRAWBERRIES FRUIT BY USING ARBIC GUM AS EDIBLE COATING

Coating of strawberries fruit with Arabic gum has been found to enhance their shelf-life and postharvest quality. Arabic gum in aqueous solutions of 5, 10, 15 and 20% were applied as a novel edible coating to gardener-mature strawberries which were stored at 20 ◦C and 80–90% Relative humidity (RH) for 10 days. Fruit coated with 10% Arabic gum showed a significant (P≤0.05) delay in changes of weight, firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids concentration, ascorbic acid content, decay percentage and color development compared to uncoated fruit control. Sensory evaluation proved the efficacy of 10% Arabic gum coating by maintaining the overall quality of strawberries fruit during the storage period. The results suggest that by using 10% Arabic gum as an edible coating, the ripening process can be delayed and the storage life of strawberries stored at 20 C and at the breaker stage can be extended up to 10 days without any spoilage and off-flavor.
Models for automatic learner engagement estimation

Automatic estimation of student engagement [1–6] can help computer-based learning systems adapt to individual learners [7]. Linear models trained on Gabor features established cutting-edge yet sub-human accuracy on this task [1], while convolutional neural networks (CNNs) [8, 9] overfit [10] to the dataset’s few subjects [9, 11]. We found that transfer learning [12–14] enabled linear ridge regression to leverage CNN features learned for image recognition [15, 16] and face re-identification [17, 18] tasks. Our best model achieved a four-fold crossvalidated correlation of r = 0.581, significantly outperforming [1] (r = 0.522). Our information strength metric correlated with model accuracy (FaceNet, r = 0.755; ImageNet, r = 0.077), inviting future study of feature utility prediction.
THE PROJECTIVE π-CHARACTER BOUNDS THE ORDER OF A π-BASE

All spaces below are Tychonov. We deﬁne the projective π - character pπχ ( X ) of a space X as the supremum of the values πχ ( Y ) where Y ranges over all (Tychonov) continuous images of X . Our main result says that every space X has a π -base whose order is ≤ pπχ ( X ); that is, every point in X is contained in at most pπχ ( X )-many members of the π -base. Since pπχ ( X ) ≤ t ( X ) for compact X , this is a signiﬁcant generalization of a celebrated result of Shapirovskii.
Earnings Management Ahead of M & A : Can Corporate Governance Make The Difference ?

Financial economists, regulators and accountants have long recognised that managers exercise discretion over accounting rules to manipulate their firm’s earnings in a variety of contexts. In light of the controversy generated by M&A activity in the literature, the paper provides an analysis of earnings management by bidders in the world’s second largest takeover market, the London Stock Exchange, recognising that such opportunistic behaviour in an M&A setting can have irreversible wealth consequences for both target and acquirer shareholders. The paper then evaluates a range of corporate governance mechanisms and the extent to which the latter can restrain opportunistically-driven M&A decisions.
The Impact of Board Gender and Multiple Directorship on Cash Holdings: Evidence from Jordan

This study examined the influence of corporate governance on company cash holding by explaining the relationship between board gender, multiple directorship and cash holding using a sample of 87 non-financial companies including industrial and service companies that listed on the Amman Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2017. By using Ordinary Last Square regression model (OLS). The findings indicate that board gender, multiple directorship positively influence cash holdings, supporting the agency theory. The findings of this study contribute to the formulation of better corporate governance policies that can help improve corporate cash holdings. This study has several empirical implications for policy makers in Jordan; it is important for policy makers to improve the role of the board of directors in monitoring the firm. One possible way of doing so is to encourage firms in Jordan to employ female that can provide better monitoring services and also firms can benefit from their experiences. In addition, these rules and regulations need to be activated by the policy makers to ensure that firms comply with their requirements. Moreover, developing countries are in need of providing better compliance with international governance standards. This can be done by adopting good governance practices, improving shareholder rights and activating laws and regulations that govern firms’ performance.
Unpacking the Causal Relationships Between Income and Psychological Well-Being ∗

Estimating the causal relationships between psychological well-being and income is fraught with difficulties due to endogeneity – especially reverse causality. In this paper, I use panel data from South Africa and a novel panel GMM approach to estimate a system of equations that captures the effect of psychological well-being on an individual’s income and the reverse link – that of income on measures of mental well-being. I find evidence for impacts in both directions. The results suggest that changes in psychological well-being, as measured by changes in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, have large effects on income when near the threshold used by psychologists to screen for depression. Estimates of the reverse causal link show that changes in income affect CES-D on average, however, the results also suggest that this is mainly driven by the large impact among the poor. These results suggest that psychological well-being is an important dimension of poverty that may play a significant role in determining an individual’s income and their ability to weather economic shocks.
The evolution of volatility and extreme risk in European banking

This study analyses daily banking stock market indexes for 17 Europe an countries and Europe as a whole by focusing on return volatility and extreme ail indexes over the period 1987 to 2003. Tests for detecting a single unknow n change-point in volatility show that breaks almost uniformly exist in (or are close to) the year 1997. Similar tests for the tail index obtained by s emi-parametric estimation methods hint towards possible change-points around the year 19 97. The parametric approach shows dramatic changes in the GEV parameters wh n the period before and the period after mid-1997 are compared. Likeli hood ratio test statistics indicate however that the extreme value inde x is stable for most countries over the period analysed. JEL Code: G15, G21, G28, C49, C14, C22, C49
Tilburg University Simultaneous and sequential price competition on heterogeneous duopoly markets

We investigate simultaneous and sequential price competition in duoply markets with differentiated products and random matching of symmetric firms. We find that second movers gain from the sequential structure in comparison to simultaneous-move markets whereas first movers do not. As predicted by the theory, there is a significant first-mover disadvantage in the sequential game. Finally, we report the results of control treatments varying the matching scheme and the mode of eliciting choices (strategy method vs. standard sequential play).  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: C92; D43
Prion disease risk uncertainties associated with urine-derived and recombinant fertility drugs

The detection of prion protein in widely used urine-derived fertility drugs has raised the possibility that prions from urine donors with (asymptomatic) prion disease could be present in these drugs. A high level of uncertainty exists regarding this issue. An international expert panel provided judgments related to prion disease transmission through fertility drug use in a structured expert elicitation. The elicitation gauged expert judgements about the uncertainty surrounding potential prion disease risks associated with urine-derived fertility drugs and emphasised the scientific ambiguity surrounding disease transmission risk factors associated with urine-derived fertility drugs. Group aggregated responses indicate that the theoretical risk of prion disease transmission with urine-derived fertility drugs was judged to be very low. The experts judged recombinant fertility drugs produced with bovine serum to possess 10-fold lower risk compared to urine-derived fertility drugs. Fertility drugs made without fetal bovine serum were judged to present a risk approximately 1,200 times lower compared to urine-derived counterparts. This elicitation indicates recombinant fertility drugs carry relatively less risk than urine-derived fertility drugs. However, the associated uncertainties are significant and pro-active surveillance of possible new routes of transmission of human prion disease warrants consideration of new scientific data as it becomes available.