Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Identity, Immigration, and Well‐Being: An Interactional Perspective

On the basis of existing theory and research regarding ethnic identity and immigration and our own empirical work in four immigrant-receiving countries, we suggest an interactional model for understanding psychological outcomes for immigration. Specifically, the interrelationship of ethnic and national identity and their role in the psychological well-being of immigrants can best be understood as an interaction between the attitudes and characteristics of immigrants and the responses of the receiving society. This interaction is moderated by the particular circumstances of the immigrant group. The strengths of ethnic and national identity vary depending on the support for ethnic maintenance and the pressure for assimilation. Most studies show that the combination of a strong ethnic identity and a strong national identity promotes the best adaptation.
Gitelman syndrome-associated severe hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia: case report and review of the literature

We report a case of a woman with Gitelman syndrome who presented to our hospital mainly due to hyperemesis. Following her admission, intravenous potassium and magnesium supplementation was commenced to counter the observed hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. Hyperemesis receded and although serum potassium remained low, she became asymptomatic. Oral potassium and magnesium supplementation was administered throughout pregnancy and biweekly ion level measurements were scheduled. Despite the intensive replacement, ion levels remained constantly low. She delivered at 38 weeks with an elective caesarean section because of a breech presentation, a healthy female baby weighing 3350 g. Neonatal electrolyte profile was normal.
The Relationship between Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength in the Elderly

To determine the extent that muscle mass is predictive of muscle strength in the elderly, anthropomorphic estimates of muscle area and impedance measurements of muscle mass and peak isometric muscle strength were obtained in a relatively healthy older population over 65 years of age (mean age = 71.7; n = 218). Midarm muscle area correlated strongly with upper arm strength (r = 0.68, P < 0.0001) while midthigh muscle area had a much lower correlation with thigh muscle strength (r = 0.29, P < 0.0001). These muscle area calculations also include bone area. Lean body mass calculated by bioelectric impedance correlated highly with cumulative muscle strength measured by summing all muscle groups (r = 0.79, P < 0.0001). To determine whether aging alters muscle strength per unit of muscle mass, additional middle‐aged subjects were included, and three groups, middle‐aged (55–64) (n = 78), young‐old (65–74) (n = 161), and old‐old (75+) (n = 57), were compared. A significant age‐related trend of decreasing muscle strength per unit of lean body mass was noted. It is concluded that although muscle mass correlates with muscle strength in a healthy older population, use of simple age‐independent clinical measurements of body mass should not be used to predict muscle strength.
Local drug delivery in the urinary tract: current challenges and opportunities

Abstract Drug delivery is an important consideration in disease treatment. There are many opportunities for novel methods and technologies to hold promising roles in overcoming traditional obstacles. Delivery systems functionalised to boast synergistic antimicrobial effects, specific targeting, and enhanced bioavailability allow for improved therapeutic potential and better patient outcomes. Many of these delivery modalities find clinical practicality in the field of urology, specifically in the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and offer advantages over conventional methods. The aim of this review article is to discuss the current modalities of treatment for UTIs and the recent technological advancements for optimising drug delivery. We focus on challenges that persist in drug delivery during UTIs including barriers to antimicrobial penetration, drug resistance, biofilm formation and specific targeting limitations. With a discussion on how emerging methods combat these concerns, we present an overview of potential therapies with special emphasis on nanoparticle-based applications.
Independent and additive stimulation of tendon repair by thrombin and plateletss

Background Platelet concentrate application with added thrombin improves Achilles tendon repair in the rat. Upon tissue injury, platelets are activated by thrombin, which has many biological properties in common with growth factors. We wanted to differentiate the effect of platelets from that of thrombin. Methods The Achilles tendon was transected in 50 rats. Platelet gel was prepared from the blood of 10 other rats. The rats were given either platelet gel with active or neutralized thrombin implanted into the defect during the operation, or a local injection 6h postoperatively with 50 μL of either platelet concentrate, thrombin or saline. The rats were killed after 14 days and the tendons were mechanically tested. Results Compared to saline, platelet gel caused a 42% increase in force at failure, a 90% increase in energy, and a 61% increase in ultimate stress. Platelet gel with neutralized thrombin caused a 22% increase in force at failure, and energy and stress were less elevated. Injected platelet concentrate caused a 24% increase in force at failure, and thrombin caused a 10% increase. These effects and the differences between treatments were statistically significant. Interpretation Platelets and thrombin had independent and additive stimulatory effects on tendon repair. The clinical relevance is so far unknown.
A Comparison of Transfusion Requirements Between Living Donation and Cadaveric Donation Liver Transplantation: Relationship to Model of End-Stage Liver Disease Score and Baseline Coagulation Status

The use of living donation is an important option for patients in need of liver transplant. We retrospectively reviewed the preoperative Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, baseline coagulation laboratory results, and intraoperative transfusion of red blood cells and component therapy for 27 living donation transplants and 69 cadaveric donation transplants during a 3-yr period (2001–2004). Patients undergoing living donation transplantation had significantly lower MELD scores and preserved coagulation function compared with cadaveric donation transplantation recipients (P < 0.001). The living donation transplant patients also received significantly fewer transfusions of red blood cells and component therapy compared with the cadaveric donation transplant patients (P < 0.001). For the combined population of both cadaveric donation transplant and living donation transplant patients, there were significant associations between MELD score and preoperative coagulation tests (P < 0.001) and intraoperative transfusion of blood and component therapy. MELD score and preoperative fibrinogen concentration were identified as independent predictors of transfusion exposure. In conclusion, we detected significant differences in severity of disease at time of transplantation, degree of impairment of coagulation function, and need for transfusion of red blood cells and component therapy between patients undergoing living donation transplantation compared with patients undergoing cadaveric donation transplantation.
Could Deal Promotion Improve Merchants’ Online Reputations? The Moderating Role of Prior Reviews

Abstract It is by now almost accepted as a stylized fact that offering deal promotion (such as via Groupon or LivingSocial) deteriorates local merchants’ online reputations (e.g., the average of Yelp review ratings). However, in this paper we show that the stylized fact is not true in certain circumstances. We theorize that the valence and volume of prior reviews can play an important moderating role in the effect of deal promotion. Empirically, we show that restaurants with a relatively low prior average rating and a relatively small review volume have improved their online reputations by offering Groupon promotion. The proportion of such restaurants is substantial. The findings are robust to multiple identification strategies and econometric specifications. The results underscore the substantial heterogeneity in the effect of deal promotion on local merchants’ online reputations. Merchants need to understand the moderating role of prior reviews (e.g., the valence and volume of prior reviews) and design appropriate strategies to maximize the returns from offering deal promotion.
Shift of the fetal sex ratio in hCG selected pregnancies at risk for Down syndrome

Screening procedures for the identification of pregnancies at risk for Down syndrome and their subsequent selection for prenatal diagnosis can be improved by considering the maternal serum level of several biochemical parameters such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or unconjugated oestriol (uE3) in the second trimester of pregnancy together with maternal age (Wald ef al., 1988; Osathanondh et a/., 1989; Suchy and Yeager, 1990; Pedersen et al., 1990; MacDonald et al., 1991). At our institution we have recently initiated a prospective study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of such procedures. hCG and uE3 were measured between the 16th and 20th weeks of amenorrhoea, based on menstrual data and echographic measurement of the fetal biparietal diameter. A predictive risk factor was calculated by crossing hormone measurements with maternal age, and eligibility for amniocentesis or villus sampling was set up at a cut-off risk factor of 1/12S, leading to a false-positive rate of 5 per cent. An analysis of the first 477 normal karyotypes (excluding twins) obtained on this basis
Extraction and Electrophoretic Analyses o f Radioactive Proteins in Parathyroid Gland Slices and in Incubation Media

The formation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the parathyroid gland occurs via two successive proteolytic cleavages from larger biosynthetic precursors. The initial product coded for by PTH mRNA is pre-proparathyroid hormone (PreProPTH), a polypeptide of 115 amino acids. Within 1 min of synthesis, the polypeptide, proparathyroid hormone (ProPTH), is formed as a result of the proteolytic removal of the NH2-terminal 25 amino acids from Pre-ProPTH. After a delay of 15-20 min, the NH2-terminal six-amino acid sequence of ProPTH is removed to give PTH of 84 amino acids. To investigate the subcellular sites in the parathyroid cell where the biosynthetic precursors undergo specific proteolytic cleavages, we examined, by electron microscope autoradiography, the spatiotemporal migration of autoradiographic grains and, by electrophoresis, the kinetics of the disappearance of labeled Pre-ProPTH and the conversion of labeled ProPTH to PTH in bovine parathyroid gland slices incubated with [3H]leucine for 5 min (pulse incubation) followed by incubations with unlabeled leucine for periods up to 85 min (chase incubations). By 5 rain, 85% of the autoradiographic grains were confined to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Autoradiographic grains increased rapidly in number in the Golgi region after 15 min of incubation; from 15 to 30 min they migrated within secretory vesicles still in the Golgi region and then migrated to mature secretory granules outside the Golgi area. Electrophoretic analyses showed that Pre-ProPTH disappeared rapidly (by 5 min) and that conversion of ProPTH to PTH was first detectable at 15 rain and was completed by 30 min. At later times of incubation (30-90 min), autoradiographic grains within the secretion granules migrated to the periphery of the cell and to the plasma membrane, in correlation with the release of PTH first detected by 30 min. We conclude that proteolytic conversion of Pre-ProPTH to ProPTH takes place in the RER and that subsequent conversion of ProPTH to PTH occurs in the Golgi complex. J. CELL BIOLOGY 9 The Rockefeller University Press 0021-9525/79/03/0715-1751.00 Volume 80 March 1979 715-731 715 on A uust 6, 2017 jcb.rress. org D ow nladed fom
Attitudinal Disposition of Nigerian University Students toward Social Networking Sites

Abstract- Internet has consolidated into a cohesive entity and amalgamated itself as a very powerful platform that has changed the way people do things. Social Networking Sites (SNSs) cannot be underestimated or jettison because no other communication medium which has given an international and globalized audience and dimension to the world like it. Facebook, Myspace, YouTube etc each of these and many other SNSs play a vital role on interaction and communication. The access to the internet for SNSs browsing is everywhere now. It is clearly established that even politicians, influential people, corporate managers, security agencies, lecturers, school administrators, and children are using SNSs thus students as well. Most SNSs are similar to each other there is commonality in their technical features. The study seeks to find out the level of studentsâ? attitude towards SNSs usage in the selected northern Nigerian universities. Quantitatively it was found that Nigerian students have positive attitude towards the SNSs; and that there is no significant difference in terms of gender. However, differences were found significant in terms of faculties in the extent of studentsâ? attitudes toward the SNSs usage.
Fracture and Fracture Separation of the Proximal Humerus in Children: Report of 136 Cases

The authors report 136 fractures involving the proximal humerus in children (two-thirds with fractures of the proximal metaphysis, one-third with fractures of the epiphyseal growth plate). Functional and anatomical results are studied in 52 patients with a mean follow-up of 5 years (range 1–18 years). The results are compared with reports in the literature. Usually, treatment should not be operative. Surgical approach in older children with irreducible lesions is discussed.
Cardiac arrhythmia induction after exposure to residual oil fly ash particles in a rodent model of pulmonary hypertension.

Recent epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between exposure to ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and the incidence of cardiopulmonary-related morbidity and mortality. The present study examined the effects of fugitive residual oil fly ash (ROFA) PM on cardiac arrhythmia induction in healthy and cardiopulmonary-compromised rodents. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters capable of monitoring the electrocardiogram and were subjected to one of two treatment regimens. Rats in the first treatment regimen (n = 16) served as normal control animals whereas rats in the second treatment regimen (n = 16) were injected with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg, ip) to induce pulmonary vascular inflammation and hypertension and served as a model of cardiopulmonary disease. Rats within each treatment regimen were equally divided into four dose groups (0.0, 0.25, 1.0, 2.5 mg ROFA), instilled intratracheally, and monitored for 96 h. In the animals in the first treatment regimen, ROFA instillation caused dose-related increases in the incidence and duration of serious arrhythmic events that appeared to be associated with impaired atrioventricular conduction and myocardial hypoxia. There were no lethalities in the normal animals following ROFA instillation. The frequency and severity of arrhythmias were greatly exacerbated in the MCT-treated animals in the second treatment regimen and were accompanied by one, three, and two deaths in the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate substantial cardiac effects in normal and compromised rats after exposure to ROFA PM and implicate both conductive and hypoxemic arrhythmogenic mechanisms in the observed cardiac-related lethalities. These results support previous epidemiological studies that suggest a link between preexisting cardiopulmonary disease and potentiation of adverse health effects following exposure to anthropogenic particulates.
Photovoice: Concept, Methodology, and Use for Participatory Needs Assessment

Photovoice is a process by which people can identify, represent, and enhance their community through a specific photographic technique. As a practice based in the production of knowledge, photovoice has three main goals: (1) to enable people to record and reflect their community's strengths and concerns, (2) to promote critical dialogue and knowledge about important issues through large and small group discussion of photographs, and (3) to reach policymakers. Applying photovoice to public health promotion, the authors describe the methodology and analyze its value for participatory needs assessment. They discuss the development of the photovoice concept, advantages and disadvantages, key elements, participatory analysis, materials and resources, and implications for practice.
N-Benzoyl-N′,N′-dimethylthiourea

In the title compound, C10H12N2OS, the amide NCO group is twisted relative to the thioureido SCN2 group, forming a dihedral angle of 55.3 (2)°. The crystal packing shows intermolecular N—H⋯S and weak C—H⋯O interactions, the former giving rise to the formation of centrosymmetric R 2 2(8) dimers.
The spatial structure of migration: an analysis of flows between states in the USA over three decades.

"Migration flows between states in the [United States] over three decades are analysed using a general spatial interaction model. The role of geographic distance and a more general distance conception are examined, as is the stability of the spatial structure over time. Results imply that although migration structures reflect geographic distance, other stable factors, reflecting idiosyncratic ties between locations, are important as well. This suggests that the common practice in migration research of ignoring spatial structure to focus on individual locations is misleading. The particular ties between locations cannot be ignored in examining total migration at a location at one point in time. In examining changes over time, however, we can limit consideration to the relative draw and sending effects at each location because the spatial structure is quite stable over extended periods. " (SUMMARY IN FRE AND GER)
THE SPITZER INTERACTING GALAXIES SURVEY: A MID-INFRARED ATLAS OF STAR FORMATION

The Spitzer Interacting Galaxies Survey is a sample of 103 nearby galaxies in 48 systems, selected using association likelihoods and therefore free from disturbed morphology biases. All galaxies have been observed with Infrared Array Camera and MIPS 24 μm bands from the Spitzer Space Telescope. This catalog presents the global flux densities and colors of all systems and correlations between the interacting systems and their specific star formation rate (sSFR). This sample contains a wide variety of galaxy interactions with systems ranging in mass, mass ratios, and gas-content as well as interaction strength. This study seeks to identify the process of triggering star formation in galaxy interactions, therefore, we focus on the non-active galactic nucleus spiral galaxies only. From this subset of 70 spiral galaxies we have determined that this sample has enhanced sSFR compared to a sample of non-interacting field galaxies. Through optical data we have classified each system by “interaction strength”; the strongly interacting (Stage 4) galaxies have higher sSFR values than the weakly (Stage 2) and moderately (Stage 3) interacting systems. However, the Stage 2 and 3 systems have statistically identical sSFR properties, despite the lack of optical interaction signatures exhibited by the Stage 2 galaxies. We suggest that the similarity of sSFR in these stages could be a consequence of some of these Stage 2 systems actually being post-perigalactic and having had sufficient time for their tidal features to fade to undetectable levels. This interpretation is consistent with the correlation of sSFR with separation, which we have determined to have little variation up to 100 kpc.
"To grandmother's house we go": health and school adjustment of children raised solely by grandparents.

This study uses data from the 1988 National Children's Health Supplement (N = 17,110) to the National Health Interview Survey to examine the health and school adjustment of children raised solely by grandparents. We find that these children fare quite well relative to children in families with one biological parent present, a category which includes both single-parent and blended families. Furthermore, children raised solely by grandparents are not significantly different, except for academic performance, from children raised in traditional families where two biological parents are present.
Nonrandom X chromosome inactivation in mouse embryos carrying Searle’s T(X;16)16H translocation visualized using X-linked lacZ and GFP transgenes

Only the morphologically normal X chromosome is inactivated in female mice heterozygous for Searle’s X-autosome translocation, T(X;16)16H. Here we performed a visual study of the primary and secondary events that culminate in the completely nonrandom inactivation of the X in female embryos having this translocation. The data we have obtained so far indicate that the initial choice of the future inactive X chromosome is biased, with the degree of skewing somewhere between 70:30% and 90:10% in favor of the morphologically normal X chromosome. The majority of genetically unbalanced cells that inactivate a translocated X chromosome are quickly eliminated from the embryo proper by E8.5, although the survival of such cells is sporadically observed thereafter. The initial nonrandom choice demonstrated in this study supports the contention that the T(X;16)16H translocation disrupts one of the loci involved in the randomness of the choice of the future inactive X chromosome. Although the HMG-lacZ transgene in H253 stock mice is an excellent marker of X chromosome inactivation, the present study suggests that it is infrequently de-repressed on the inactive X chromosome.
Anatomic Considerations of Pedicle Screw Placement in the Thoracic Spine: Roy‐Camille Technique Versus Open‐Lamina Technique

Study Design. In this cadaveric study, the outcomes of two techniques for pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine were compared. Objectives. To assess the Roy‐Camille technique, and to determine whether pedicle screw placement, aided by partial laminectomy, could decrease the incidence of pedicle violations. Summary of Background Data. Pedicle screw fixation in the thoracic spine remains technically challenging. The Roy‐Camille method may be one of the leading techniques of thoracic pedicle screw placement. However, there are few studies evaluating this technique and determining methods to decrease the incidence of thoracic pedicle penetration with screw insertion. Methods. Ten cadaveric thoracic spines from T1 to T10 were used for pedicle screw placement. Two techniques of transpedicular screw placement were used, the Roy‐Camille technique (screw placed on the right side; used in 95 screw placements) and the open‐lamina technique screw placement with combined partial laminectomy (screw placed on the left side; used in 94 screw placements). After screw placement, all specimens were evaluated visually to determine violation of the pedicle. Results. The screw placement with the Roy‐Camille technique had a higher percentage of pedicle violation (54.7%) than did that with the open‐lamina technique (15.9%). No Grade III violation was seen in the screw placement with the open‐lamina technique. Conclusions. The Roy‐Camille technique was associated with a high incidence of pedicle violation, whereas screw placement with a partial laminectomy significantly reduced the incidence of pedicle violation. Pedicle screw fixation in the thoracic spine remains a technical challenge and should not be used routinely. Screw placement with the open‐lamina technique is recommended if pedicle screw fixation is strongly indicated in the thoracic spine.