Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depletion of histone H4 and nucleosomes activates the PHO5 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

We have previously constructed a yeast strain (UKY403) whose sole histone H4 gene is under control of the GAL1 promoter. This yeast arrests in G2 upon glucose treatment as a result of histone H4 depletion. The yeast PHO5 gene contains phase nucleosomes covering promoter (UAS) sequences in the PHO5 repressed state and it has been suggested that nucleosomes prevent the binding of positively acting factors to these UAS sequences. Using UKY403 we examined the length of polynucleosomes and nucleosome phasing in the PHO5 upstream region by the use of micrococcal nuclease and indirect end‐labeling. It was found that glucose arrest led to a severe disruption in PHO5 chromatin structure and that most nucleosomes had their position altered or were lost from the PHO5 promoter region. Cell undergoing nucleosome depletion synthesized large quantities of accurate PHO5 transcripts even under repressive, high inorganic phosphate conditions. Histone H4 depletion did not appear to affect the repression or activation of another inducible yeast gene, CUP1. Arrest with landmarks in early G1 (in the cell division cycle mutant cdc28) or in various stages of G2 (in cdc15, cdc17 and cdc20) does not activate PHO5; nor does arrest due to chromosome topology changes (in top2 or the top1top2 topoisomerase mutants). cdc14, which has its arrest landmark at a similar point in the cell cycle as cdc15, does derepress PHO5. However, since it also leads to derepression of CUP1 it is probably functioning through an independent mechanism. Therefore, our data suggest that nucleosomes regulate PHO5 transcription.
The NuSTAR X-ray spectrum of the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus in NGC 7213

We present an analysis of the 3–79 keV NuSTAR spectrum of the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus NGC 7213. In agreement with past observations, we find a lower limit to the high-energy cut-off of E_c > 140 keV, no evidence for a Compton-reflected continuum and the presence of an iron K α complex, possibly produced in the broad-line region. From the application of the MYTORUS model, we find that the line-emitting material is consistent with the absence of a significant Compton reflection if arising from a Compton-thin torus of gas with a column density of 5.0^(+2.0)_(−1.6) × 10^(23) cm^(−2). We report variability of the equivalent width of the iron lines on the time-scale of years using archival observations from XMM–Newton, Chandra and Suzaku. This analysis suggests a possible contribution from dusty gas. A fit with a Comptonization model indicates the presence of a hot corona with a temperature kT_e > 40 keV and an optical depth τ ≲ 1, assuming a spherical geometry.
THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE SERVICES IN IZMIR

THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE SERVICES IN IZMIR Zeynep Elburz Vedia Dokmeci Abstract During the recent decades, the transformations in the global economy, technology and economic development have stimulated the growth of service sector, especially the growth of producer services at the international level. The producer services support the growth of economy and investment and contribute to a great extent to the restructuring of mega-cities in developed and developing countries. Especially, in some of the developed countries, suburban sub-centers have more producer services than the center of the city. This study investigates the spatial distribution of FIRE services employment and firms in Izmir which is the third most important city of Turkey and has been integrated with international trade for centuries. Free trade policy and globalization increased trade with other countries. Service sector covers more than fifty percent of employment in Izmir as one of the characteristics of a post-modern city. The growth of service sector follows the growth pattern in Turkey. During the last two decades, while service sector employment almost doubled, FIRE services employment were tripled which was much more than population growth ratio in Izmir. Spatial distribution of FIRE firms is investigated according to the concentric zones. The results of the analysis reveal that FIRE firms are mostly concentrated in the core area of Izmir as in the large cities of developing countries, due to highly educated people who they need, high quality cultural and public services demanded by these people, their customers and their linkages with the other firms are mostly found in or near the core area. This trend is within the concept of central place theory. However, there are recently developing two suburban sub-centers which cover one third of FIRE firms due to their higher income background. Also, the distribution of FIRE firms is investigated with respect to sub-sectors. According to these results, while the ratio of financial and insurance firms are higher in the core area, the ratio of real estate firms is higher in the intermediate zone and in the periphery due to large amount of construction going on in these areas. Thus, this trend stimulates multi-center development of the city to some extent as one of the major characteristics of a post-modern city. Key words: Service sector; FIRE service employment; FIRE firms; Space economy; Izmir JEL codes: D39 G21 G22 L84 L85
A Study of Teachers' Perceived Beliefs Regarding Teaching Practice

This study aimed to explore the perceived beliefs of the teachers regarding teaching practice in the con- text of a three year professional development project implementing lesson study incorporating Open Ap- proach conducted by the Center for Research in Mathematics Education. The teaching practice set under the cycle of lesson study were as follows: 1) collaboratively designing research lesson at least once a week; 2) Collaboratively observing their friends teaching the research lesson taken 3 - 4 hours per a week; 3) Collaboratively conducting post-discussion or reflection on teaching practice conducted once a week. From these three phases, Open Approach was used as an approach such as how to change teachers’ roles to be more facilitator and the like. The data were collected through questionnaire distributing to teachers in three schools in the project. In addition, the qualitative data were collected by participatory observation on teaching practice of one teacher twice a week throughout one academic year, interviewing the con- cerned teacher and other teachers in the lesson study team. The findings, where teachers’ perceived be- liefs regarding teaching practice were classified into three categories and these were: 1) about mathemat- ics teaching; 2) about students’ learning mathematics; 3) about social context.
Computable measure of entanglement

We present a measure of entanglement that can be computed effectively for any mixed state of an arbitrary bipartite system. We show that it does not increase under local manipulations of the system, and use it to obtain a bound on the teleportation capacity and on the distillable entanglement of mixed states.
A clinical trial of bevacizumab, temozolomide, and radiation for newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

OBJECT The presence of angiogenesis is a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which drives angiogenesis, provides an additional target for conventional therapy. The authors conducted a prospective clinical trial to test the effectiveness of bevacizumab, an inhibitor of VEGF, in newly diagnosed GBM. METHODS From 2006 through 2010, 51 eligible patients with newly diagnosed GBM were treated with involved-field radiation therapy and concomitant temozolomide (75 mg/m(2) daily for 42 days) along with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks), starting 29 days after surgery. This was followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant temozolomide therapy (150 mg/m(2) on Days 1-7 of a 28-day cycle) with bevacizumab administered at 10 mg/kg on Days 8 and 22 of each 28-day cycle. RESULTS The 6- and 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 85.1% and 51%, respectively. The 12- and 24-month overall survival (OS) rates were 85.1% and 42.5%, respectively. Grade III/IV toxicities were noted in 10 patients (19.6%). No treatment-related deaths were observed. Asymptomatic intracranial bleeding was noted in 5 patients. CONCLUSIONS The addition of bevacizumab to conventional therapy in newly diagnosed GBM appears to improve both PFS and OS in patients with newly diagnosed GBM, with acceptable morbidity. A shift toward diffuse relapse was noted in a significant number of patients. Ongoing Phase III clinical trials will show the true benefit of this antiangiogenic approach.
Electron mobility in In0.53Ga0.47As quantum wells.

The mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas in a square quantum well of ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.53}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.47}$As is calculated over the temperature range 4\char21{}300 K, including the effects of ionized impurity, alloy, deformation-potential acoustic, piezoelectric, and polar-optic phonon scatterings. A numerical iterative solution of the Boltzmann equation is employed. Agreement with the experimental data for quantum wells of width 100 A\r{} is satisfactory.
Different aetiological mechanisms for unexplained and endometriosis-associated infertility cannot be inferred from unstimulated IVF cycles using HCG to induce ovulation.

Omland and colleagues’ paper examining the outcome of IVF in a ‘natural cycle’ model to study aetiological differences between endometriosis and other infertility groups interested us (Omland et al., 2001). Their findings differ from ours and we have tried to understand these differences. It is important to distinguish between this study, which used HCG as a surrogate for the endogenous LH surge when fixed arbitrary criteria were reached, and truly natural cycle programmes, such as ours, devoid of all drugs. Our own programme was designed as a model for studying the mechanisms underlying unexplained and minor endometriosis-associated infertility in completely natural cycles. We found significantly longer follicular phase, significantly reduced LH surges, significantly lowered LH-Area under the curve (AUC) and reduced fertilization rates in women with minor endometriosis compared with prolonged unexplained or tubal infertility (Cahill et al., 1995, 1997). Omland and colleagues found no differences in AUC-LH or peak LH concentrations. There are however profound differences in the methodologies of the studies that we feel this largely explains their failure to find any difference. Our serum samples were undertaken every 4 hours; theirs was ‘daily or every other day’. We suggest that our determination of the AUC-LH and peak LH measurements was therefore more rigorous and sensitive in determining differences.
NAMPT Is an Essential Regulator of RA-Mediated Periodontal Inflammation

Recent studies have indicated a potential correlation between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal inflammation. We undertook this study to verify whether RA mediates periodontitis-like phenotypes in experimental mouse models of RA and to explore the role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in periodontal inflammation during RA pathogenesis. Periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss have been reported in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and in genetically modified tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) transgenic (TG) mouse models. Among the adipokines examined in our study, NAMPT expression was markedly upregulated in the periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues in RA mouse models and in human PDL cells stimulated by the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL) 1β and TNF-α. When NAMPT was overexpressed with the Nampt-synthesizing adenovirus vector (Ad-Nampt), the PDL cells exhibited an increased expression of cytokines (IL6), chemokines (IL8 and chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 5 [CCL5]), inflammatory mediators (cyclooxygenase 2 [COX-2]), and matrix-degrading enzymes (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP] 1 and MMP3). Inhibition of NAMPT by the intracellular NAMPT (iNAMPT) inhibitor, FK866, or by the sirtuin inhibitor, nicotinamide, in PDL cells led to inhibition of the IL1β or Ad-Nampt–induced upregulation of catabolic factors, whereas treatment with recombinant NAMPT protein or blockade of extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT) with blocking antibody did not. Moreover, NAMPT inhibition by the intraperitoneal or intragingival injection of FK866 in CIA mice inhibited periodontal tissue damage, under conditions of RA. Thus, our results verified the co-occurrence of RA and periodontal inflammation using experimental mouse models of RA, suggesting that iNAMPT in PDL cells plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of RA-mediated periodontal inflammation by regulating the expression levels of catabolic genes, such as IL6, IL8, CCL5, COX-2, MMP1, and MMP3.
Board Gender Diversity, Innovation and Firm Performance

We find that firms with more gender-diverse boards achieve greater innovative success. The results are not driven by endogenous matching between female directors and firms with high innovative potential. Investigating the underlying mechanisms, the positive effect of gender diversity on innovation is stronger when product market competition is lower and when managers are more entrenched, consistent with increased monitoring by female directors improving manager’s incentives to innovate. Furthermore, we find that although gender diversity does not enhance firm performance on average, it increases the performance of firms for which innovation and creativity play a particularly important role.
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Non‐Tritrichomonas foetus Trichomonad Protozoa from the Bovine Preputial Cavity

ABSTRACT. Tritrichomonas foetus is the causative agent of bovine trichomonosis. This protozoan is found in the preputial cavity of bulls and is transmitted to cows during coitus. Currently, the diagnosis of this parasite is based on microscopic examination of preputial washings or scrapings, but it was recently recognized that other trichomonads similar in size, shape, and motility to T. foetus can be present in preputial samples. Despite the serious consequences of an incorrect diagnosis for bovine trichomonosis, the precise speciation of these other trichomonads has remained uncertain. Here, a total of 12 non‐T. foetus isolates were microscopically examined. On the basis of morphological criteria, seven of these isolates were identified as Tetratrichomonas sp. , whereas four other isolates coincided with the description of Pentatrichomonas hominis. In the last isolate, a third non‐T. foetus species was identified as belonging to the genera Pseudotrichomonas or Monocercomonas: the first time that species of either of these genera have been reported in preputial samples. To confirm these data, small subunit rRNA gene sequences were obtained by PCR from the 12 trichomonad isolates. These new sequences were analysed in a broad phylogeny including 72 other parabasalid sequences. From our phylogenetic trees, we confirmed the taxonomic status of non‐T. foetus organisms isolated from preputial samples (Tetratrichomonas, Pentatrichomonas, and Pseudotrichomonas) and suggested the existence of two Tetratrichomonas species, despite their morphological similarity. The route of transmission of the non‐T. foetus organisms identified in the bovine preputial cavity is discussed and we confirm that the PCR assay using the previously described T. foetus‐specific primers TFR3 and TFR4 could be a useful alternative method for the diagnosis of bovine trichomonosis.
THE COLLAPSE OF PARKING ENFORCEMENT IN LARGE TOWNS: SOME CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS

In most towns, parking controls are used to limit traffic demand and to keep the road network operating efficiently. But street parking regulations are not easy to enforce, and in one or two large cities such as London the system has virtually broken down: many drivers park on yellow lines, and those who park at meters often do so without paying. In central London the deterioration has occurred very rapidly, a fact which is not easy to explain in terms of recent changes in the number of traffic wardens, or any other obvious cause. In the paper, it is suggested that the relationship between enforcement effort and driver compliance is in fact potentially unstable, and that when the enforcement effort is reduced below a certain level the system can `collapse' suddenly and with little warning. The collapse occurs as follows: when compliance falls, the traffic wardens need more time on average to deal with each vehicle, because of the extra time taken to write out a parking ticket. Their rate of coverage is reduced and, as a result, non-complying drivers are less likely to be caught. Compliance falls a little further, and so on. (Author/TRRL)
Molecular and morphological support for a Florida origin of the Cuban oak

Aim The origins of the Cuban biota are of long‐standing interest in biogeography, and the source of a small live oak (Quercus series Virentes) population on Cuba remains unresolved. Based on morphological evidence, previous authors have hypothesized a Florida origin from either Q. geminata or Q. virginiana or both; a Mexican origin from Q. oleoides; or a hybrid origin from both sources. We use molecular data and taxonomically informative leaf morphology to identify the source species and timing of colonization.
Depletion in blood CD11c-positive dendritic cells from HIV-infected patients.

OBJECTIVES To quantify blood dendritic cells from HIV-positive patients and to study the expression of functional molecules, in relation to HIV viral load, CD4 cell counts and antiretroviral treatment. DESIGN AND METHODS Three-colour flow cytometry analysis was used to quantify blood dendritic cells without previous isolation from whole blood and to study the expression of functional molecules (MHC class II, CD11c, CD83, CD86) by dendritic cells from 30 HIV-positive patients, 15 of whom were treated with combined antiretroviral therapy (viral loads from undetectable to 5.4 log copies/ml, CD4 cell counts 1-1895 cells/mm3) and 11 non-infected controls. RESULTS The median proportion of blood dendritic cells from HIV-positive patients was significantly decreased when the plasma viral load was above 200 copies/ml: 0.2% (0.1-1.1, n = 19) compared with 0.4% (0.2-0.8, n = 11) in patients with undetectable viral load whether they were treated or not, and to 0.4% (0.2-1.3, n = 11) in controls (P = 0.02). A major decrease of the CD11c positive dendritic cells was observed in all HIV-positive samples, with only 18% (mean; range: 0.3-80%, median 4.2%) compared with 44% (11-70%, median 42%) of control dendritic cells (P = 0.0006). In contrast, the proportion of dendritic cells expressing CD86, was slightly higher in HIV-positive patients than in controls (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The decreased proportion of blood dendritic cells correlated with virus replication and the lack of dendritic cells expressing CD11c are the first evidence of strong dendritic cell alterations in HIV-positive patients. Although the proportion of blood dendritic cells are in the normal range in treated HIV-positive patients with undetectable viral load, the CD11c alterations persist indicating that antiretroviral therapy might only partly correct the alterations of the circulating dendritic cells.
Still happy after all these years: research frontiers on subjective well-being in later life.

UNLABELLED OBJECTIVES. Understanding the factors that promote quality of life in old age has been a staple of social gerontology since its inception and remains a significant theme in aging research. The purpose of this article was to review the state of the science with regard to subjective well-being (SWB) in later life and to identify promising directions for future research. METHODS This article is based on a review of literature on SWB in aging, sociological, and psychological journals. Although the materials reviewed date back to the early 1960s, the emphasis is on publications in the past decade. RESULTS Research to date paints an effective portrait of the epidemiology of SWB in late life and the factors associated with it. Although the research base is large, causal inferences about the determinants of SWB remain problematic. Two recent contributions to the research base are highlighted as emerging issues: studies of secular trends in SWB and cross-national studies. Discussion. The review ends with discussion of priority issues for future research.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate reduces ischaemia-reperfusion injury by phosphorylating the gap junction protein Connexin43.

AIM Increasing evidence points to lipoprotein composition rather than reverse cholesterol transport in the cardioprotective properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). HDL binding to receptors at the surface of cardiomyocytes activates signalling pathways promoting survival, but downstream targets are largely unknown. Here, we investigate the pathways by which the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) constituent of HDL limits cell death induced by cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R). METHODS AND RESULTS Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) transgenic (Apom-Tg) mice, in which plasma S1P is increased by 296%, and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to in vivo I/R. Infarct size, neutrophil infiltration into the infarcted area, and serum Troponin I were less pronounced in Apom-Tg mice. In vitro experiments suggest that this cardioprotection depends on direct effects of S1P on cardiomyocytes, whereas leucocyte recruitment seems only indirectly affected. Importantly, short-term S1P treatment at the onset of reperfusion was sufficient to reduce I/R injury in isolated perfused hearts. Mechanistic in vitro and ex vivo studies revealed that 5 min of S1P treatment induced phosphorylation of the gap junction protein Connexin43 (Cx43) on Serine368 (S368), which was mediated by S1P2 and S1P3, but not by S1P1, receptors in cardiomyocytes. Finally, S1P-induced reduction of infarct size after ex vivo I/R was lost in hearts of mice with a truncated C-terminus of Cx43 (Cx43(K258/KO)) or in which the S368 is mutated to a non-phosphorylatable alanine (Cx43(S368A/S368A)). CONCLUSION Our study reveals an important molecular pathway by which modulating the apoM/S1P axis has a therapeutic potential in the fight against I/R injury in the heart.
Unifying the Role of IT in Hyperturbulence and Competitive Advantage Via a Multilevel Perspective of IS Strategy

While information technology (IT) serves as a new source of sustainable competitive advantage for firms, it also induces hyperturbulent environments (or hyperturbulence) that erode that sustainable competitive advantage. In this paper, we posit that these contradictions might be due to cross-level nonlinear causality between firm-level IT-based strategic actions and collective-level IT-induced hyperturbulence. We develop a multilevel perspective of IS strategy for theorizing this causality, and unifying novel with established research. Complex adaptive systems theory is employed as the overarching framework for its strength in formalizing cross-level nonlinear causal paths. Using literature-based theorization and agent-based modeling, we establish two bottom-up nonlinear causal paths by which IT drives hyperturbulence: IT can act as an external force (i.e., component IT innovation) to locally instigate firm strategic actions that aggregate to temporary hyper-turbulence or as an internal force (i.e., architectural IT innovation) to drive pervasive firm strategic interactions that aggregate to persistent hyperturbulence. Each causal path produces varied amounts of reducible and irreducible uncertainties and thereby renders a top-down nonlinear effect that reshapes the opportunity for IT to contribute to competitive advantage. This multilevel theorization paves the way for new, IS-specific theory regarding IT's unique role in inducing nonlinear dynamics and in affording new business strategies in today's competitive environments.