Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution of isoprene-derived organosulfates to free tropospheric aerosol mass

Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and Division of Geophysical and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
What is the Cost of Negative Bidding by Wind? A Unit Commitment Analysis of Cost and Emissions

We use a unit commitment (UC) model to quantify the operational impacts of subsidizing wind generation when energy prices are negative. Such prices occur increasingly often in U.S. and European Union (EU) markets. Subsidies such as production tax credits, feed-in tariffs, and renewable energy credits motivate renewable generators to submit negative price offers; this lessened flexibility increases system operation and management costs and, in some cases, CO2 emissions when energy prices are negative. Our simulations of large negative bids can also be interpreted as representing EU policies of granting wind absolute dispatch priority. Applications to four hypothetical systems with high wind penetration and distinct generation mixes quantify the UC and dispatch effects of negative bids. Larger negative bids lead to less wind spillage (reducing the 2.8% average curtailment under $0 bids to 1.0%), more conventional plant startups, higher system costs, and, in many cases, higher total CO2 emissions (by up to 2%). In some systems, wind power's effective incremental emissions are as high as coal's. This impact depends strongly on generation mix, carbon price, and the size of the negative bids. In general, there can be significant economic and, often, environmental benefits to reforming renewable support policies to encourage flexibility in operations.
Antibiotic Induced Cutaneous Rash in Infectious Mononucleosis: Overview ofthe Literature

Katinka Onodi-Nagy1*, Zsuzsanna Bata-Csorgő1, Erika Varga1, Lajos Kemeny1 and Agnes Kinyo1,2 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical Center, Hungary 2Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, University of Pecs, Hungary *Corresponding author: Katinka Onodi-Nagy, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical Center, 6 Koranyi fasor, 6720 Szeged, Hungary, Tel: +36-62-54-52-77; Fax: +36-62-54-59-54; E-mail: onodikatinka@gmail.com
Evaluation of absolute volume of human fetal kidney's cortex and medulla during gestation.

BACKGROUND Human fetal kidney is quite different from the mature kidney, both macroscopically and hystologically. Lobulated surface of the human fetal kidney reflects its inner organisation. AIM To determine the fetal kidneys' volume according to the gestational age, to establish periods of their maximal and minimal growth and to compare these values for various gestational ages. METHODS Forty five human fetal kidneys aged from IV to X lunar months were analyzed. Kidneys were divided into nine groups according to their gestational age. The volumes of cortex and medulla were determined using stereological methods. The results were statistically analyzed and the periods of significant growth of these structures were marked. RESULTS Fetal kidney's cortex and medulla grew continually with a very high coefficient of linear correlation with crown-rump length. The cortex/medulla ratio was minimal in the first half of V lunar month, when medulla grew most rapidly and it was maximal immediately before birth, when cortex achieved its maximum. CONCLUSION This study was an effort to provide some parameters which would help in the future investigations of the development of human fetal kidney.
TKK Aparat: An environment for voice inverse filtering and parameterization

The study of the glottal flow, the acoustic excitation for voiced speech, provides insight into the voice signal, which is of potential benefit in many disciplines. One common method for estimating the glottal flow is inverse filtering, in which the effects of the vocal tract and the lip radiation are removed from a microphone signal. This paper presents a new inverse filtering and parameterization software package, which is available under an open-source licence. It provides a user-friendly graphical interface for rapid inverse filtering and parameterization, and the algorithms and parameters can be easily re-used in other projects. The system has already proved to be useful in algorithm development, speech science research, as well as in the study of occupational voice.
Unique gating properties of C. elegans ClC anion channel splice variants are determined by altered CBS domain conformation and the R-helix linker

All eukaryotic and some prokaryotic ClC anion transport proteins have extensive cytoplasmic C-termini containing two cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domains. CBS domain secondary structure is highly conserved and consists of two a-helices and three b-strands arranged as b1-a1-b2-b3-a2. ClC CBS domain mutations cause muscle and bone disease and alter ClC gating. However, the precise functional roles of CBS domains and the structural bases by which they regulate ClC function are poorly understood. CLH-3a and CLH-3b are C. elegans ClC anion channel splice variants with strikingly different biophysical properties. Splice variation occurs at cytoplasmic N- and C-termini and includes several amino acids that form a2 of the second CBS domain (CBS2). We demonstrate that interchanging a2 between CLH-3a and CLH-3b interchanges their gating properties. The "R-helix" of ClC proteins forms part of the ion conducting pore and selectivity filter and is connected to the cytoplasmic C-terminus via a short stretch of cytoplasmic amino acids termed the "R-helix linker". C-terminus conformation changes could cause R-helix structural rearrangements via this linker. X-ray structures of three ClC protein cytoplasmic C-termini suggest that a2 of CBS2 and the R-helix linker could be closely apposed and may therefore interact. We found that mutating apposing amino acids in a2 and the R-helix linker of CLH-3b was sufficient to give rise to CLH-3a-like gating. We postulate that the R-helix linker interacts with CBS2 a2, and that this putative interaction provides a pathway by which cytoplasmic C-terminus conformational changes induce conformational changes in membrane domains that in turn modulate ClC function.
When Attitudes Do Not Fit: Discordance of Acculturation Attitudes as an Antecedent of Intergroup Threat

Recent research has shown that the perspectives of both minorities and majorities should be taken into account to reach a deeper understanding of the acculturation process and its consequences for intergroup relations. The authors report two experiments that investigated the impact of discordant acculturation attitudes on perceived threat. In Study 1 (N = 183), Germans were asked for their attitudes toward Turks and Italians. Different levels of concordance of acculturation attitudes were induced by presenting participants with newspaper articles describing the acculturation attitude of the respective out-group and perceived threat was measured. In Study 2 (N = 100), two fictitious immigrant groups were used as target groups. Results in both studies showed that discordance of acculturation attitudes leads to higher perceptions of intergroup threat than concordance of acculturation attitudes. Furthermore, both studies supported the assumption that a similar out-group is perceived as less threatening than a dissimilar out-group.
Collagenous Alzheimer amyloid plaque component assembles amyloid fibrils into protease resistant aggregates

Recently, a novel plaque‐associated protein, collagenous Alzheimer amyloid plaque component (CLAC), was identified in brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease. CLAC is derived from a type II transmembrane collagen precursor protein, termed CLAC‐P (collagen XXV). The biological function and the contribution of CLAC to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and plaque formation are unknown. In vitro studies indicate that CLAC binds to fibrillar, but not to monomeric, amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ). Here, we examined the effects of CLAC on Aβ fibrils using assays based on turbidity, thioflavin T binding, sedimentation analysis, and electron microscopy. The incubation of CLAC with preformed Aβ fibrils led to increased turbidity, indicating that larger aggregates were formed. In support of this contention, more Aβ was sedimented in the presence of CLAC, as determined by gel electrophoresis. Moreover, electron microscopy revealed an increased amount of Aβ fibril bundles in samples incubated with CLAC. Importantly, the frequently used thioflavin T‐binding assay failed to reveal these effects of CLAC. Digestion with proteinase K or trypsin showed that Aβ fibrils, incubated together with CLAC, were more resistant to proteolytic degradation. Therefore, CLAC assembles Aβ fibrils into fibril bundles that have an increased resistance to proteases. We suggest that CLAC may act in a similar way in vivo.
Association between 894 G > T Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphisms and Metabolic Syndrome

Laboratório de Biogenômica, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (JCEP, MGVG, MIUMR, IBMC), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões – Campus Santo Ângelo (JCEP), Santo Ângelo, RS, Brasil; Serviço de Cardiologia. Faculdade de Medicina. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (MGVG, LCB, ERFM); Faculdade de Educação Física. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (LC); Centro de Biologia Genômica e Molecular. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (MRB); Centro Universitário IPA Metodista (AP), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil AbstrAct
Design principles for 2D local mapping using a laser range finder

This paper presents a guide on how to obtain a local map from a SICK LMS291 laser range finder (LRF). The type of local map produced is a feature map, where the objects (or features) in the world are represented by line segments. Much research has been done on local maps and how they are created with a LRF. However, there is usually a fundamental link missing on the hardware setup (and software commands) to allow a local map to be produced in a real world situation from a SICK LMS291 LRF. A design principle is therefore produced, which consists of two main aspects. The first aspect is a hardware setup, which uses off the shelf components to allow the SICK LMS291 LRF to operate at a baud rate of 500 000 baud. At a rate of 500 000 baud the LRF is able to return the highest possible resolution scan of its environment. The second aspect are the steps to implement a line extraction algorithm, which allows one to fit line segments to offline data sets and to data points extracted from the LRF in real time.
Leachability and Vegetable Absorption of Heavy Metals from Sewage Sludge Biochar

Management of industrial wastes has been one of the most challenging problems in most urban municipalities due to increasing waste volume with limited disposal areas, and energy-consum‐ ing and high-cost treatment processes for disposal. In Japan, although the total volume of the industrial waste generated has been relatively constant since 1990 being approximately 400 million tons per year, remaining capacity of the final disposal for the industrial waste has decreased by approximately 20% since 1994, reaching to 172 million m3 in 2007 (Ministry of the Environ‐ ment Government of Japan, 2011). This disposal capacity is predicted to be filled in the average of 8.5 years for Japan, and 3.6 years for Tokyo Metropolitan areas. Due mainly to high cost of treatment for proper disposal, illegal dumping of the industrial waste has been a new problem despite of severe regulation and monitoring of affected areas. The number and total volume of unsolved cases of illegal dumping and improper disposal of the waste were 2,610 and 1.78 million tons, respectively, in 2010 (Ministry of the Environment Government of Japan, 2011).
Pratiques funéraires et paramètres biologiques dans la péninsule d'Oman du Néolithique à la fin de l'âge du Bronze ancien (Ve-IIIe millénaires av. N.E.).

Dans la peninsule d'Oman, le passage du Neolithique a l'âge du Bronze est marque par de profondes transformations socio-economiques accompagnees de changements dans les pratiques funeraires. Autour de 3100 avant notre ere, la region voit ainsi le developpement d'un systeme economique base sur l'agriculture d'oasis, sur l'exploitation et l'exportation du cuivre, et sur le deploiement d'un intense reseau d'echanges a plusieurs echelles. Les pratiques funeraires sont marquees par le passage de la sepulture individuelle en fosse a la sepulture collective construite en pierre. Le cadre environnemental et chrono-culturel de ce travail est expose, incluant un historique de la recherche dans la region et un etat des connaissances sur les pratiques funeraires et les donnees biologiques. Puis, l'analyse archeo-anthropologique des sepultures et des restes humains de onze ensembles sepulcraux dates du Neolithique (V-IVe mill.) a la fin de l'âge du Bronze ancien (env. 2000 av. N.E.) est presentee afin de caracteriser les pratiques funeraires et les parametres biologiques des groupes abordes. En dehors des donnees acquises pour chaque ensemble traite, la synthese diachronique des donnees existantes permet d'explorer l'interaction des dynamiques culturelles et biologiques. Parmi les principaux resultats obtenus, on peut mentionner la mise en evidence d'une complexite des pratiques funeraires des le Neolithique, un bilan de l'etat de conservation des collections osteologiques, des denombrements detailles (NMI) pour le tombes collectives de l'âge du Bronze, la mise en evidence d'un systeme de gestion de ces memes tombes; un bilan diachronique des affections bucco-dentaires, et l'existence d'une dynamique d'accroissement demographique apparue probablement des le Neolithique. La these conclut par une discussion de ces resultats a la lumiere du modele general d'evolution propose dans les travaux anterieurs.
Transcriptome and Differential Expression Profiling Analysis of the Mechanism of Ca2+ Regulation in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Pod Development

Calcium not only serves as a necessary nutrient for plant growth but also acts as a ubiquitous central hub in a large number of signaling pathways. Free Ca2+ deficiency in the soil may cause early embryo abortion, which eventually led to abnormal development of peanut pod during the harvest season. To understand the mechanisms of Ca2+ regulation in pod development, transcriptome analysis of peanut gynophores and pods was performed by comparing the treatments between free Ca2+ sufficiency and free Ca2+ deficiency using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000. 9,903,082,800 nt bases are generated totally. After assembly, the average length of 102,819 unigenes is 999 nt, N50 is 1,782 nt. RNA-seq based gene expression profilings showed a large number of genes at the transcriptional level changed significantly between the aerial pegs and underground swelling pods under free Ca2+ sufficienct or deficiency treatments, respectively. Genes encoding key members of Ca2+ signaling transduction pathway, enzymes for hormone metabolism, cell division and growth, transcriptional factor as well as embryo development were highlighted. This information provides useful information for our further study. The results of digital gene expression (DGE) indicated that exogenous calcium might contribute to the development of peanut pod through its signal transduction pathway, meanwhile, promote the normal transition of the gynophores to the reproductive development.
Trojan Horse macrophages: studies with the murine lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus and implications for sexually transmitted virus infection.

Previous studies have suggested that monocytes or macrophages may mediate internal virus spread. For the present study, the tissue distribution and infectious potential of dye-labelled and/or lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV)-infected murine macrophages were determined. Murine peritoneal macrophages were labelled with the fluorescent carbocyanine tracking dye Dil, injected into mice, and the tissue distribution of Dil-labelled cells was determined by fluorescence analysis of frozen sections. Mice receiving intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal injections of Dil-labelled macrophages displayed rapid and broad tissue distribution of the labelled cells. Intravaginal injection of Dil-labelled macrophages resulted in penetration into the placentas, but not the fetuses, of pregnant mice. When macrophages were LDV-infected and Dil-labelled prior to i.v. injection into pregnant mice, they homed to various tissues including the placenta, but were not found in fetuses. Intravaginal injection of LDV-infected macrophages resulted in systemic LDV infection, even though the free-virus dose was less than the minimum infectious dose by this route. Neither polyclonal nor monoclonal IgG anti-LDV antibodies protected mice from vaginal infection with cell-associated virus, and LDV-immune complexes were themselves infectious by the vaginal route. These results show that exogenous macrophages are widely distributed following parenteral injection, penetrate locally to placentas after intravaginal injection, and are capable of acting vaginally as relatively efficient virus infection-delivery vehicles. Thus, 'Trojan Horse' macrophages are potentially infectious vehicles both for internal virus spread and for animal-to-animal transmission.
Plasticity of central motor pathways in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy

To obtain neurophysiologic evidence for a reorganization of central motor pathways in children who had suffered a cerebral lesion at birth, we performed cross-correlation analyses of multiunit EMG recordings obtained from children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and marked mirror movements. We found that the motoneuron pools of homologous left and right hand muscles received common synaptic input from abnormally branched presynaptic axons. The results of electromagnetic brain stimulation, cutaneomuscular, and tendon reflex testing suggested that these common inputs are provided by abnormally branched corticospinal tract fibers whose origin is the undamaged motor cortex.
Assessing Effectiveness of a Nonhuman Animal Welfare Education Program for Primary School Children

ABSTRACT Nonhuman animal welfare education aims to promote positive relationships between children and animals and thus improve animal welfare, yet few scientific evaluations of these programs exist. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an education program developed by the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) that included 4 interventions focusing on pets (companion animals), wild animals, farm animals, and general animal rescues. Knowledge, attachment to pets, and attitudes and beliefs about animal minds were assessed at pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest using a questionnaire administered to 1,217 Scottish children aged 7 to 13 years old. Results showed a significant positive impact of the program on knowledge about animals and the Scottish SPCA for all interventions. The pet and farming interventions significantly impacted children’s beliefs about animal minds. There were trends toward improvements in a range of other measures. This study highlights the importance of teaching animal welfare education to children for early prevention of animal cruelty, discusses the need to base this education on theory and research to find effective change, and demonstrates how evidence-based practice can inform future education programs.
Primary Mucinous Carcinoma of the Skin: The Mayo Clinic Experience Over the Past 2 Decades

BACKGROUND Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin (PMCS) is a rare adnexal eccrine sweat gland neoplasm, often mistaken for metastasis from extracutaneous sites or misdiagnosed. Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin is a slow-growing tumor with a high recurrence rate after conventional excision. OBJECTIVE To describe clinicopathologic features, rate of recurrence, and metastasis and to review relevant literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors identified patients with PMCS treated from January 1992 through December 2012 at Mayo Clinic. The authors retrospectively reviewed medical records and histology slides. Relevant publications were identified through Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed. RESULTS Six patients with PMCS were identified (1 male). The average age at diagnosis was 63 years. Tumor size ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 cm, and all were confined within the dermis. No evidence of metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma was documented at the time of diagnosis. Five patients underwent Mohs micrographic surgery, and 1 was treated with wide local excision. There were no episodes of recurrence or metastases after a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 0.5–207 months). CONCLUSION Mohs micrographic surgery may offer reduced recurrence rates and better outcomes in PMCS. Further studies with longer follow-up and bigger cohorts of patients with PMCS are warranted.
Benders Decomposition for Large-Scale Prescriptive Evacuations

This paper considers prescriptive evacuation planning for a region threatened by a natural disaster such a flood, a wildfire, or a hurricane. It proposes a Benders decomposition that generalizes the two-stage approach proposed in earlier work for convergent evacuation plans. Experimental results show that Benders decomposition provides significant improvements in solution quality in reasonable time: It finds provably optimal solutions to scenarios considered in prior work, closing these instances, and increases the number of evacuees by 10 to 15% on average on more complex flood scenarios.
Elderly patients with heart failure: a study of satisfaction with care and quality of life.

OBJECTIVE To assess the level of patient satisfaction with care, patient quality of life, the relationship between these measures and hospital readmission rates, and patient outcomes. METHODOLOGY A prospective cohort study was conducted of all patients aged 60 years and over admitted to the John Hunter and Mater Hospitals, in the Hunter Area, in whom congestive heart failure contributed to the need for hospital admission. Patients recruited into the main study were then asked to complete a questionnaire on discharge from hospital. Patients were asked to complete the satisfaction questionnaire on discharge because this would reflect the patients' satisfaction with the overall stay. To provide a baseline quality-of-life score, patients were asked to complete a questionnaire 2 weeks after discharge. FINDINGS Overall scores on the satisfaction questionnaire were high, indicating that the patients were very satisfied with their care. There were six questions in which 17-35% of patients indicated some degree of dissatisfaction, four related to patient knowledge. No difference in satisfaction was found between patients who had or did not have a readmission. Quality-of-life results showed that patients who had a readmission had a significantly lower quality-of-life score at 12 month follow up (P=0.007) than those without a readmission. CONCLUSION This finding has supported our hypothesis that a higher level of quality of life would be related to fewer readmissions.