Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Follow up study of moderate alcohol intake and mortality among middle aged men in Shanghai, China

Abstract Objective: To assess the risk of death associated with various patterns of alcohol intake. Design: Prospective study of mortality in relation to alcohol consumption at recruitment, with active annual follow up. Setting: Four small, geographically defined communities in Shanghai, China. Subjects: 18 244 men aged 45-64 years enrolled in a prospective study of diet and cancer during January 1986 to September 1989. Main outcome measure: All cause mortality. Results: By 28 February 1995, 1198 deaths (including 498 from cancer, 269 from stroke, and 104 from ischaemic heart disease) had been identified. Compared with lifelong non-drinkers, those who consumed 1-14 drinks a week had a 19% reduction in overall mortality (relative risk 0.81; 95% confidence interval 0.70 to 0.94) after age, level of education, and cigarette smoking were adjusted for. This protective effect was not restricted to any specific type of alcoholic drink. Although light to moderate drinking (28 or fewer drinks per week) was associated with a 36% reduction in death from ischaemic heart disease (0.64; 0.41 to 0.998), it had no effect on death from stroke, which is the leading cause of death in this population. As expected, heavy drinking (29 or more drinks per week) was significantly associated with increased risks of death from cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, hepatic cirrhosis, and stroke. Conclusions: Regular consumption of small amounts of alcohol is associated with lower overall mortality including death from ischaemic heart disease in middle aged Chinese men. The type of alcoholic drink does not affect this association. Key messages Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of death from all causes and ischaemic heart disease in Western populations No data are available for Chinese people, who drink little grape wine and have a low rate of ischaemic heart disease In this study of middle aged Chinese men regular drinkers of small amounts of alcohol had a 19% lower death rate than non-drinkers Death rates among moderate drinkers were lower for cancer and non-cancer causes, and the type of alcohol made no difference Relative to non-drinkers, heavy drinkers had a 30% increased risk of death
Eveningness is associated with higher risk-taking in dangerous driving situations

ABSTRACT Inclination toward eveningness is often associated with risky behavior. But the existing studies are scarce, inconsistent and usually limited to self-reported measures. We sought to investigate in young adults whether morningness-eveningness is associated with risky behavior in dangerous driving situations, with self-reported drunk driving and with alcohol consumption. Results show that, indeed, inclination toward eveningness is associated with these risky behaviors. We also demonstrate a link between morningness-eveningness and sensation seeking. Therefore, young adults with a tendency toward eveningness might be more at risk to face negative consequences of alcohol abuse or to be involved in a road accident.
Active MMPs captured by alpha 2 macroglobulin as a marker of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to analyze alpha 2 Macroglobulin/MMP (alpha 2M/MMP) complex formation and to investigate whether MMP activity in alpha 2M/MMP complexes in serum can be used as a disease marker in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS High and low molecular weight (H/LMW) substrates and inhibitors and size exclusion were used to analyze alpha 2M/MMP complex formation. LMW fluorogenic substrates were used to quantify the level of MMPs in alpha 2M/MMP complexes in the serum of RA patients and healthy controls. RESULTS Active MMPs were fully inhibited by LMW inhibitor BB94 in the presence of alpha 2M, whereas no inhibition was achieved by HMW inhibitor TIMP-1. Size exclusion analysis showed alpha 2M/MMP complex formation in buffer and in normal plasma spiked with activated MMPs, which indicated alpha 2M/MMP complex formation in the systemic circulation. MMP activity in alpha 2M/MMP complexes in the serum of RA patients was significantly higher than in the serum of healthy controls (P < 0.001). MMP activity levels in the serum of RA patients were correlated with ESR (r = 0.72, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In the systemic circulation of RA patients, active MMPs form complexes with alpha 2M and can be detected using LMW fluorogenic substrates. MMP activity measurements in serum allow discrimination between RA patients and healthy controls and provide a new tool for the assessment of the disease process in RA.
Conocimiento de las madres sobre los cuidados domiciliarios del recién nacido pre término en Lambayeque – Perú 2016

Despues de nacer, los recien nacidos pre termino son conducidos a una Unidad Neonatologica de Cuidados Intensivos. Alli son colocados en incubadoras, disenadas para mantenerlos tibios ya que al nacimiento estan expuestos a factores ambientales externos, y procesos fisiologicos propios que ponen en riesgo la estabilidad termica1 . La evidencia cientifica actual muestra que los recien nacidos prematuros y de bajo peso presentan una mejor evolucion si sus padres se integran en sus cuidados. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimiento de las madres sobre los cuidados domiciliario del recien nacido pre termino (RNPT) atendidos en el Hospital Regional Lambayeque en Peru. Metodos: fue una investigacion tipo cuantitativa y de diseno descriptivo de corte transversal. La poblacion de estudio estuvo conformada por 93 madres de los recien nacido pre termino atendidos en el Hospital Regional Lambayeque de Enero a Octubre de 2016. Se utilizo como instrumento el cuestionario “Cuidados domiciliario del recien nacido pre termino” que permitio medir los conocimientos referidos a la lactancia materna exclusiva, higiene, cuidado del cordon umbilical, vestimenta, vinculo afectivo y signos de alarma. Resultados: la investigacion concluyo que el mayor porcentaje de las madres atendidas en el Hospital Regional Lambayeque presentan conocimiento regular sobre los cuidados domiciliarios del recien nacido pre termino. Conclusiones: en terminos generales el importante nivel de conocimiento regular que tienen las madres respecto al cuidado del RNPT es preocupante porque si la gestion de los cuidados de salud y de particularmente de enfermeria no se movilizan se pone en riesgo la vida de este indefenso grupo etareo Palabras claves: nivel de conocimiento, madres, cuidados domiciliario, recien nacido pre termino.
The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror

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Tjäle och avrinning i Svartberget - studier med HBV-modellen

Det finns atskilliga studier som tyder pa att avrinningen fran oppen mark, sarskilt jordbruksmark,paverkas av tjale. For skogsmark ar forhallandena mindre undersokta. Tjalensinverkan pa avrinningen .
Accurate theoretical analysis of photonic band-gap materials.

Two improvements for the solution of Maxwell's equations in periodic dielectric media are introduced, abandoning the plane-wave cutoff and interpolating the dielectric function. These improvements permit the accurate study of previously inaccessible systems. Example calculations are discussed, employing a basis of ∼10 6 plane waves for which these two improvements reduce both the memory and central processing unit requirements by ∼10 4
Chlamydia trachomatis Test-of-Cure Cannot Be Based on a Single Highly Sensitive Laboratory Test Taken at Least 3 Weeks after Treatment

Current test-of-cure practice in patients with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection is to confirm cure with a single test taken at least 3 weeks after treatment. Effectiveness of single-time-point testing however lacks a scientific evidence basis and the high sensitivity of laboratory assays nowadays in use for this purpose may compromise the clinical significance of their results. Prospectively following 59 treated Ct infections, administering care as usual, the presence of Ct plasmid DNA and rRNA was systematically assessed by multiple time-sequential measurements, i.e. on 18 samples taken per patient during 8 weeks following treatment with a single dose of 1000 mg Azythromycin. A high proportion (42%) of Ct infections tested positive on at least one of the samples taken after 3 weeks. Patients' test results showed substantial inter-individual and intra-individual variation over time and by type of NAAT used. We demonstrated frequent intermittent positive patterns in Ct test results over time, and strongly argue against current test-of-cure practice.
Neutron Radiation Measurements on Several International Flights

AbstractThe earth is continually exposed to cosmic radiation of both solar and galactic origin. High-energy particles interact with the constituents in the atmosphere producing secondary particles that create radiation fields at aircraft altitudes. These secondary particles consist mainly of photons, protons, neutrons, charged and uncharged pions, and muons. The neutron component dominates the hadron cascade at lower altitudes as a result of its longer mean free path. Since air transportation has become more available to a greater number of people, this has led to an increase in the number of persons exposed to ionizing radiation of cosmic origin. This concerns pilots and cabin crews as well as frequent flyers. A neutron component of cosmic radiation was measured using an LR 115/CR‐39 track detector associated with a 10B converter foil. The measurement of the neutron dose is a good approximation of the total dose since neutrons carry about 50% of the total ambient dose equivalent at aircraft altitudes. Also, the results of the measurements were compared with the data obtained by EPCARD software simulation. The measured neutron dose rate had a span from 0.36 to 8.83 &mgr;Sv h−1 (dose enhancement due to high solar activity in the flight period).
Use of standardized flow cytometric determinants of multidrug resistance to analyse response to remission induction chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia

We have used a combination of flow cytometric assays to define multidrug resistance (MDR) positive and negative blasts in cryopreserved samples from 47 MRC trial patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML). Our primary test is a standardized assay for daunorubicin accumulation. Confirmatory assays for MDR comprised the cyclosporin modulation assay for rhodamine‐123 uptake as a measure of functional P‐glycoprotein and the measurement of lung resistance protein and multidrug resistance associated protein (with LRP‐56 and MRPr1 respectively).
Lack of Association Between the IL-10 Gene Polymorphisms and Features of the Metabolic Syndrome

Backgrounds Insulin resistance plays a major role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Inflammation is the leading cause of insulin resistance, and interleukin 10 (IL-10) is one of the anti-inflammatory cytokines. We conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between the IL-10 polymorphisms and the metabolic syndrome. Methods One thousand two hundred two unrelated subjects residing in southern Taiwan were retrospectively recruited from a community-based health screening program. Two hundred sixty subjects were defined as the metabolic syndrome (3-5 risk components) and 549 subjects as controls (0-1 risk component) on the basis of the Asian version of the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. A functional IL-10 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs1800871) and 2 tagging SNPs (rs3790622, rs3021094) were genotyped by TaqMan method. Results We analyzed the association between the genotypes and the presence of the metabolic syndrome or metabolic traits by χ 2 test and multivariant logistic regression. None of the IL-10 SNPs were found to be significantly related with the metabolic syndrome or its risk components. All the 3 SNPs were in single linkage disequilibrium block. Haplotype analysis did not yield significant association between IL-10 gene and the metabolic syndrome (global P = 0.88). Conclusions Because we used tagging SNPs and a modest clinical cohort, we concluded that the IL-10 gene polymorphisms may be unlikely to play an important role for the metabolic syndrome.
Gender difference in C-reactive protein concentrations in individuals with atherothrombotic risk factors and apparently healthy ones

Recent studies have shown that C-reactive proteins have a pathogenetic role in atherothrombosis and concentrations of these substances could be used as a marker for future vascular events. The objective of this study was to determine gender differences in highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in individuals with atherothrombotic risk factors and apparently healthy ones. We have presently matched 469 females and 469 males having the same age and body mass index (BMI). Of these, 210 men and 210 women had no atherothrombotic risk factors. In this group the hs-CRP concentrations were 1.6±3.4 mg l−1 in women and 1.0±2.7 mg l−1 in men (p<0.0005). These values were 2.1±3.4 mg l−1 and 1.5±2.8 mg l−1, respectively, in the entire cohort (p<0.0005), which included also individuals with atherothrombotic risk factors. We conclude that significant gender differences exist in hs-CRP concentrations despite perfect matching for age and BMI. These differences should be reflected in guidelines that suggest hs-CRP cut-off points for the stratification of vascular risk.
Growth and hematological studies on Brazilian children of low socioeconomic level.

Anemia and undernutrition are common all over the world, especially in less developed countries. The relationship between low weight, short stature and iron deficiency should be better understood so that appropriate measures might be taken to prevent these problems. A total of 115 institutionalized children aged 12 to 72 months were studied in day-care institutions in the town of Pontal, Southeastern Brazil, during the second semester of 1999. Personal data, weight, height and hematological profile were obtained from all subjects. Food intake was evaluated in 20 children by a direct food-weighing method. The prevalence of low weight for age (2.6%), low weight for height (1.7%) and low height for age (4.3%) was considered low. Anemia was observed in 68.7% of the children. Diet was found to be adequate in terms of the major nutrients evaluated, but food iron supply was of low bioavailability. In conclusion, the population studied revealed a peculiar behavior i.e., the coexistence of fairly good anthropometric nutritional status along with iron-deficiency anemia. The prevention of this kind of malnutrition cannot be limited to an adequate calorie/protein supply but should also be based on the correction of the severe iron deficiency present in this low socioeconomic level preschool children in Brazil.
Tuberculosis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy-Case Report of a Rare Entity with Literature Review

Tuberculosis remains one of the most important cause of preventable mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cardiovascular involvement in tuberculosis, though relatively rare, can be hemodynamically life threatening if not identified or diagnosed appropriately. Here we are reporting a case of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis with dilated cardiomyopathy which improved after administration of antitubercular drug along with decongestive therapy.
Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of three rapidly acting barbiturates in dogs.

The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of 3 rapidly acting barbiturates, thiopental sodium, thiamylal sodium, and methohexital sodium, were studied in dogs from completion of injection until 12.5 minutes after injection. The doses administered were 19.4 mg of thiopental/kg of body weight, 18.4 mg of thiamylal/kg, and 9.7 mg of methohexital/kg, which were chosen as equipotent doses necessary to inhibit the laryngoscopic reflex in 50% of the population. To determine the cardiovascular and respiratory effects for each drug, the values at each measurement time following injection were compared with baseline values (T0). At the 15- and 30-second measurement times following thiopental administration, stroke volume (SV) decreased; heart rate (HR), left atrial pressure, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased; and cardiac index (CI), myocardial contractility, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were not different from baseline values. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was not different from the baseline value at 15 seconds, but was increased from 30 seconds to 2 minutes. All values except HR had returned to baseline values by 7.5 minutes. At all measurement times, arterial oxygen tension and arterial pH were decreased, and arterial carbon dioxide tension increased from baseline values. Although the cardiovascular and respiratory changes following administration of thiamylal and methohexital were similar to those described for thiopental, some differences were found. Following thiamylal administration, systemic vascular resistance increased at 1 minute, pulmonary vascular resistance increased at 1 and 2 minutes, and myocardial contractility increased at 1 and 2 minutes. Following methohexital administration, MAP decreased at 15 seconds, and SV decreased at all measurement times. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The activity on a Norwegian Occupational Health mailing list 1997-2006.

BACKGROUND Professional mailing lists on the Internet have become a popular medium for communication in the medical field. There are few descriptions of the scientific activity on these mailing lists and none concerning occupational health have been found. AIM To describe the activity of an occupational health electronic mailing list in Norway between 1997 and 2006. METHODS All messages sent to the Norwegian Occupational Health mailing list from 1997 to 2006 were studied, counting numbers, members and type of topic discussed. The job titles of contributors in 2006 were identified and all messages in a 3-month period in 2006 were analysed in more detail. RESULTS A total of 5269 messages were posted to the list. The number of members was 200 at the start of 1997, later rising to between 450 and 500, including doctors, physiotherapists, occupational hygienists and nurses. The main topics discussed were chemical hazards (19%), organization of occupational health services (17%), working methods in health and safety in general (10%) and ergonomics (8%). Most messages were questions and answers and they seldom led to discussion. CONCLUSIONS The activity shows the need for electronic mailing communication in occupational health services. A broad range of topics was covered and most professional disciplines in occupational health services were represented. The quality of the content and usefulness of the discussions need further investigation.
Top-down control of lobster in the Gulf of Maine: insights from local ecological knowledge and research surveys

American lobster Homarus americanus landings in the Gulf of Maine have been steadily increasing since the 1980s. As a result, lobsters now support one of the most important fisheries in the USA and Canada. One hypothesis for this pattern is that lobsters have been released from predation as groundfish stocks declined, expanding both in abundance and habitat. Lobster habitat is typically rocky substrate of the inshore region, which is difficult to sample. Some long-term fisheries-indepen- dent abundance indices for lobsters and their predators are available for the Gulf of Maine in the USA, but not in Canada. To try and fill those research gaps, we designed a local ecological knowl- edge (LEK) survey. Semi-structured interviews of 42 fishermen in southwest Nova Scotia, Canada, revealed consistent trends of the depletion of large groundfish, particularly Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. Eighty-three percent of fishermen concluded this depletion was the main reason for an observed increase in lobster abundance. They also reported the expansion of lobsters to new habitats and depths. We further show that the proposed top-down control mechanism is independently sup- ported by USA research trawl surveys, which revealed a negative correlation (p < 0.05) between the summed abundance indices of 5 groundfish predators of lobster and lobster abundance (kg tow -1 ) at time lags ranging from 0 to 9 yr. Survey-based diet data also corroborated direct observations by fish- ermen on lobster predation by groundfish. These results suggest that LEK may be a useful supple- mentary tool to investigate the ecosystem effects of fishing, particularly in data-poor situations.
Reduction in shear stress, activation of the endothelium, and leukocyte priming are all required for leukocyte passage across the blood—retina barrier

The passage of leukocytes across the blood‐retina barrier at the early stages of an inflammatory reaction is influenced by a complex series of interactions about which little is known. In particular, the relationship between hydrodynamic factors, such as shear stress and leukocyte velocity, to the adherence and subsequent extravasation of leukocytes into the retina is unclear. We have used a physiological method, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, to track labeled leukocytes circulating in the retina, followed by confocal microscopy of retinal flatmounts to detect infiltrating cells at the early stage of experimental autoimmune uveitis. This has shown that retinal vessels are subjected to high shear stress under normal circumstances. During the inflammatory reaction, shear stress in retinal veins is reduced 24 h before leukocyte infiltration. This reduction is negatively correlated with leukocyte rolling and sticking in veins and postcapillary venules, the sites of leukocyte extravasation. Activation of vascular endothelial cells is also a prerequisite for leukocyte rolling and infiltration. In addition, antigen priming of leukocytes is influential at the early stage of inflammation, and this is seen clearly in the reduction in rolling velocity and adherence of the primed leukocytes in activated retinal venules, 9 days postimmunization.
Incidence of myocardial infarction in low-income urban residents of Mexico City

Objective. To estimate the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in a low-income Mexican population. Material and Methods. A total of 1 696 men and women aged 35 to 64 years from a longitudinal study were included. All subjects were free of MI at baseline. Incident MI was diagnosed during follow-up by electrocardiogram or by death certificate. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of MI. Results. Median follow-up was 6.2 years. Sixty-two of the participants developed MI. Age-adjusted incidence of MI was 6.6 in men and 4.8 in women per 1 000 person-years. The risk of developing MI was associated diabetes (OR= 2.42, p= 0.003), systolic blood pressure (OR= 1.28 per10 mm Hg, p= 0.013) and serum cholesterol (OR= 1.36 per 50 mg/dL, p= 0.038). Conclusions. Incidence of MI in this population may be explained by the rising prevalence of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. It is necessary to implement preventive measures to address those risk factors.