Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Improved Quality Production of Flour and the Made Biscuits from Shitake Mushroom (Lentinus edodes)

Background: The popularity of biscuits comes from their attributes such as high palatable, dense nutrients, quickly released energy, and available in convenient sizes, as well as in various forms. In addition, the biscuits formulation can easily be modified to meet the nutritional demands of the targeting consumers. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the substitutional portion of the Shiitake mushroom flour for wheat flour in the production of high-quality biscuits with improved nutritional values. Materials and Methods: The collected samples of Shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies were well washed using tap water, and then using distilled water to make the research material as clean and neutral as possible. The clean sample was dried in the oven at 65°C for 24 hs, then ground to a fine powder of 212 μm, making it ready for physiochemical characterization before it was being taken to the biscuit production step. Results: Nutritional analysis of the made biscuits using 5%–15% of substitution with shiitake mushroom powder showed the most significantly increased contents of fiber and protein compared to the made biscuit from wheat flour only. Conclusion: By incorporating wheat flour with shiitake mushroom powder in the production of biscuit, the improved nutritional values and the development of new recipes for making highquality biscuit from shiitake mushroom were successfully obtained.
Debt and Economic Growth

This paper aims to study the effect of debt on economic growth of 19 developing countries over the period 1990-2011, through the use of a dynamic panel data model. The second part of this paper involves an empirical study of the effect that debt have on the contribution of investment to economic growth. The main statements issued from these two empirical tests stipulate a negative effect of the total external debt to GDP and external debt as a percentage of GNI ratio on economic growth and a negative interaction between these two debt’ measures and investment.
RETURNS PREDICTABILITY OF MALAYSIAN BANK STOCKS : EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS

The main objective of this study is to address the question of whether stock prices follow random walk all the time. Using the samples of four Malaysian bank stocksHong Leong Bank, Malayan Banking, Public Bank and Southern Bank, coupled with the Hinich and Patterson (1995) windowed-testing procedure, the results show that the series under study follow a random walk for long periods of time, only to be interspersed with brief periods of strong linear and non-linear dependency structures. Unlike previous studies, this paper provides a different perspective on the subject of random walk. In addition to that, several important implications drawn from the findings are also provided in the paper.
Effects of moving acclimation cages before release of cultured fish: alternate release strategies for a juvenile winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus stock enhancement effort

Biomass of winter £ounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, a target species of both recreational and commercial ¢sheries, is at an all-time low (Northeast Fisheries Science Center 2008), and due to new unprecedented regulations, the largest of the three stocks is closed to all ¢shing activities in federal waters (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Activities 2009). Winter £ounder population recovery could be expedited by stock enhancement (Waters 1996; Le Francois, Lemieux & Blier 2002), and experimental stocking studies have been conducted since 1996 in New Hampshire. The goal of past projects has not been to initiate large-scale releases. Instead, ‘responsible approach’ (Blankenship & Leber 1995) has been applied to develop the processes needed to successfully enhance winter £ounder by answering key questions in the event that large-scale stocking efforts occur. Much of the research has focused on optimal release strategies for juvenile winter £ounder. In many stock enhancement programmes, initial survival rates of newly released cultured ¢sh are low (Pitman & Gutreuter 1993; Stottrup & Sparrevohn 2007; Sudo, Kajihara & Fujii 2008). These may be due, in part, to stress responses in hatchery-reared ¢sh causing departures from behavioural norms which result in a higher probability of mortality (Schreck, Olla & Davis1997). Developing release strategies that minimize stress responses and reduce post-release mortality is essential to any enhancement eiort and can be done with a combination of hatchery and ¢eld techniques. One such technique is using acclimation cages in situ. For many ¢sh species, acclimation cages improve post-release survival, growth, and site ¢delity (Koshiishi, Itano & Hirota 1991; Jonssonn, Brannas & Lundqvist1999; Kuwada, Masuda, Shiozawa, Kogane, Imaizumi & Tsukamoto 2000; Brennan, Darcy & Leber 2006; Sparrevohn & Stottrup 2007). For juvenile winter £ounder, predation by green crabs Carcinus maenas is of special concern (Fairchild & Howell 2000;Taylor 2005). Acclimation cages have been used at the release site under the assumption that these cages reduce immediate post-release mortality. Cultured £ounder, stocked into these cages for 48 h, adjust to the release site, hone their burial skills, begin pigment change, recover from the stress of transport to the release site and maintain high site ¢delity post release (Fairchild & Howell 2004; Sulikowski, Fairchild, Rennels, Howell & Tsang 2005, 2006; Fairchild, Rennels & Howell 2009). However, the cages also can be detrimental byattracting predators to the release site. In a recent study, Fairchild, Rennels and Howell (2008) compared green crab density when cages were absent, present but empty Aquaculture Research, 2009, 1^5 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009. 02343.x
MARKETING MIX FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE DESIRE TO PURCHASE FRUIT BEVERAGES IN THE CITY OF BOGOR

The objectives of this research were 1) to analyze marketing mix factors that influence the desire to purchase fruit beverages, 2) to formulate the marketing strategies of fruit beverages at restaurant based on fruit beverages in the city of Bogor. This research was conducted by using descriptive methods through survey approach. Data was collected in questionnaires, using non probability sample approach with convenience sampling technique. Variables measured were 7P’s marketing mix factors, namely product, place, price, promotion, physical evidence, process and people. The analysis that were used were descriptive analysis and discriminant analysis. The result of this research shows that price and physical evidence were two factors that discriminate consumer behaviour. This means that the purchase intention (desire) between consumers who buy and consumers who do not buy fruit beverages were affected by price and physical evidence factors. The discriminant function that discriminate consumers purchase intention is D = -3,339+0,619Physical+0,899Price and cut-off value -0,18624. This means that if discriminant value (D)is higher than -0,18624, the consumer belongs to the group of consumer who will buy the fruit beverages and vice versa. Keywords: consumer behaviour, purchase intention, marketing mix, discriminant analysis
The Pygmalion principle: The practicum expectations and experiences of mature aged student teachers

This study was part of a larger on-going study that is examining the Pygmalion Principle for the practicum experiences of six mature-age student-teachers. The participants are former graduates with university degrees and aged from 36 to 49. They have extensive career backgrounds unrelated to classroom teaching. For this part of the larger study, the mature-age student-teachers were individually interviewed using an open-ended, semi-structured questionnaire. The interviews were approximately 90 minutes in length and were recorded and transcribed at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OSIE) at the University of Toronto. The research data collected via the open-ended interviews echoed the lived experiences of the participants and were in conformity to the method of phenomenology. The study supports the Pygmalion principle of expectations influencing behaviour as perceived by the mature age student-teachers. The findings indicate that the Pygmalion Principle provides a plausible explanation for the resistance to classroom culture, a survival approach to teaching, and the defensive behaviours exhibited by the mature-age, second-career teachers during their practicum.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR TUBERCULOSIS SPREAD IN HUMANS A MINI-THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA BY CHARLOTTE AMAKUTSI

iv Acronyms . v List of Symbols . vi List of Tables . ix List of Figures . x Acknowledgements . xi Dedication . xii Declaration . xiii
Predictive model for the emergence of Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in La Rioja vineyards (Spain)

Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) (Olivier) is a polyphagous borer which attacks different woody species in natural habitats in Spain. This coleopteran is also becoming a real impacting pest in several Spanish wine producing territories. Infested vines show adult exit holes, rachitic shoots, a higher incidence of wood fungal diseases and fragility. At the beginning of the 1990s, a heavy increase of infestation was observed in La Rioja vineyards, the only Qualified Guarantee of Origin Region (A.O.C.) in Spain. Due to the endophytic development of the larvae of X. arvicola , adults are the designated target for the integrated management. Therefore, the aim of the present paper was to study the flight period of the pest and to calculate the value of degree-days for the emergence of both sexes from data collected in the field during 2003-2008 in a Tempranillo cultivar in Tirgo (La Rioja). Adult emergences occurred from the end of May to mid-August and a certain degree of protandry was detected. The predictive models obtained for each year fit a sinusoidal curve in all cases, except for males in 2004, when the adjustment was polynomial. The obtained correlation coefficients were considerably high, as the value 0.99 was exceeded in 72 % of the cases. These results obtained in La Rioja vineyards suggest that control strategies aimed at the reduction of the adult population of X. arvicola in the view of the integrated management, should be performed between mid-June and the end of July.
Time-lagged ensemble simulations of the dispersion of the Eyjafjallajökull plume over Europe with COSMO-ART

Abstract. An extended version of the German operational weather forecast model was used to simulate the ash dispersion during the eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull. As an operational forecast was launched every 6 hours, a time-lagged ensemble was obtained. Sensitivity runs show the ability of the model to simulate thin ash layers when an increased vertical resolution is used. Calibration of the model results with measured data allows for a quantitative forecast of the ash concentration. After this calibration an independent comparison of the simulated number concentration of 3 μm particles and observations at Hohenpeisenberg gives a correlation coefficient of 0.79. However, this agreement could only be reached after additional modifications of the emissions. Based on the time lagged ensemble the conditional probability of violation of a certain threshold is calculated. Improving the ensemble technique used in our study such probabilities could become valuable information for the forecasters advising the organizations responsible for the closing of the airspace.
Effects of aluminum on hydrogen solubility and diffusion in deformed Fe-Mn alloys

We discuss hydrogen diffusion and solubility in aluminum alloyed Fe-Mn alloys. The systems of interest are subjected to tetragonal and isotropic deformations. Based on ab initio modelling, we calculate solution energies and then employ Oriani’s theory which reflects the influence of Al alloying via trap site diffusion. This local equilibrium model is complemented by qualitative considerations of Einstein diffusion. Therefore, we apply the climbing image nudged elastic band method to compute the minimum energy paths and energy barriers for hydrogen diffusion. Both for diffusivity and solubility of hydrogen, we find that the influence of the substitutional Al atom has both local chemical and nonlocal volumetric contributions.
MicroRNA expression in liver of whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus ) exposed to microcystin-LR

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression of target mRNAs through cleavage or translational inhibition. In the field of toxicology, the relationship between toxicity and microRNA expression is poorly understood. In the present study we analyzed the abundance of 9 selected miRNAs (omy-miR-21, omy-miR-21t, omy-miR-122, omy-miR-125a, omy-miR-125b, omy-miR-125t, omy-miR-199-5a, omy-miR-295, omy-let-7a) and mRNA of 3 genes (histone H2A, ribosome protein rpl19, and Dicer which is a miRNA processing enzyme) in liver samples of whitefish exposed to Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) at a dose of 100µg·kg -1 body weight for 24 or 48h. In the examined liver tissue, omymiR-122 showed the highest relative constitutive level, what is consistent with data obtained from fish and mammals. Unexpectedly, the reference H2A mRNA level was consistently up-regulated (over 20-fold; P<0.05) in fish liver after both 24 and 48h of exposure to MC-LR. The result may suggest that MC-LR acts as an initiator of specific cell-physiologic signals triggering DNA replication in fish liver cells. MC-LR treatment had no effect on the examined miRNAs levels, except for omy-miR-125a and omy-let-7a. Whereas omy-miR-125a was up-regulated (ER=2.68; S.E. 1.61-6.78; P<0.05), omy-let-7a was down-regulated (ER=0.55; S.E. 0.32-0.79; P<0.05) in whitefish liver after 48h of the treatment with MC-LR, when compared to controls. More work with the fish is essential for understanding the crosstalk of the regulatory network controlled by the two miRNAs in the context of MC-LR toxicity.
Context and Chinese Translation of English Titles—A Commentary on the Chinese Title of the ’09 English Text of Han Suyin Award for Young Translators

Context refers to various situations in which language communication takes place. Context analysis plays an indispensable role in the entire process of translation. The present paper attempts, via analyzing some English title translations, to indicate that the meaning of words should be accurately chosen, and that translations of English titles is based on adequate understanding of original context. The purpose is to heighten the awareness of translators that context can never be neglected, and that a good translation of English titles depends not only on translators’ linguistic competence, their cultural and other related knowledge, but also the understanding of the context involved.
THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF VENTURE CAPITAL FIRMS IN INDONESIA

Venture capital (VC) is an important fund source for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and start up, particularly to deliver its main product of equity participation. Therefore, capital structure and factors that affect it are very crucial. This study aims to analyze the capital structure of VC firms in Indonesia using econometric model of panel data regression. This study utilizes secondary data of six years period (20092014) monthly financial statements of 27 samples out of 58 VC firms to form 1,944 observations. The study reveals that capital structure of VC firms in Indonesia is dominated by debt/loan rather than capital with DER on average is 136.95%. In addition, the research confirms that VC firms’ capital structure is affected simultaneously by financial aspects which are asset size, profitability, liquidity, asset/investment quality, and earning asset structure. The attentions to financial aspects that affect the VC firms’ capital structure as well as other initiatives related to capital increases are necessary so that the VC firms could carry out its role effectively.
The Atlantic Ocean surface microlayer from 50°N to 50°S is ubiquitously enriched in surfactants at wind speeds up to 13 m s−1

We report the first measurements of surfactant activity (SA) in the sea surface microlayer (SML) and in subsurface waters (SSW) at the ocean basin scale, for two Atlantic Meridional Transect from cruises 50°N to 50°S during 2014 and 2015. Northern Hemisphere (NH) SA was significantly higher than Southern Hemisphere (SH) SA in the SML and in the SSW. SA enrichment factors (EF = SASML/SASSW) were also higher in the NH, for wind speeds up to ~13 m s−1, questioning a prior assertion that Atlantic Ocean wind speeds >12 m s−1 poleward of 30°N and 30°S would preclude high EFs and showing the SML to be self‐sustaining with respect to SA. Our results imply that surfactants exert a control on air‐sea CO2 exchange across the whole North Atlantic CO2 sink region and that the contribution made by high wind, high latitude oceans to air‐sea gas exchange globally should be reexamined.
A comparison of variation management strategies for wind power integration in different electricity system contexts

Variation management strategies improve the capability of the electricity system to meet variations both in the electricity demand and in the generation that relies on variable energy sources. In this work, we introduce a new, functionality-based, categorization of variation management strategies: shifting (eg, batteries), absorbing (eg, power-to-gas), and complementing (dispatchable generation, including reservoir hydropower) strategies. A dispatch model with European coverage (EU-27 plus Norway and Switzerland) is applied to compare the benefits of shifting and absorbing strategies on wind integration in regions with different amounts of complementing strategies in place. The benefits are measured in terms of the wind value factor, wind owner revenue, and average short-term generation cost. The results of the modeling show that the reduction in average short-term generation cost and the increase in revenue earned by the wind owner from shifting strategies, such as the use of batteries, are more substantial at low wind shares than at high wind shares. The opposite situation is found for absorbing strategies, such as power-to-gas, which are found to be more efficient at reducing the average generation cost and increasing profit for the wind owner as the wind share increases. In regions that have access to complementing strategies in the form of reservoir hydropower, variation management has a weak ability to reduce the average short-term generation cost, although it can increase significantly the revenue accrued by the wind power owner.
Exploring the Construct Validity of Academic Self-Regulation Using a New Self-Report Questionnaire - the Survey of Academic Self-Regulation

Using correlation, factor, regression, and reliability analyses, this research explored the nature of Academic Self-Regulation (ASR) while simultaneously establishing the construct validity of a new self-report questionnaire; the Survey of Academic Self-Regulation (SASR). The SASR was pilot-tested (N = 205) and cross-validated (N = 491) on samples of college students from upstate New York. Exploratory factor analyses were used to both extract a six factor structure from the SASR (Extrinsic Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation, Metacognition, Personal Relevance and Control, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Regulation) and to explore the current state of the ASR construct. The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire were used as comparison instruments in a modified multitrait (correlation) matrix to establish convergent and discriminant validity for the SASR factors. Regression analyses also provided support for construct validity by establishing relationships between the SASR factors and achievement (GPA). Complex relationships were found through the use of polynomial and interaction regression.
Learning and Motivation in Thailand: A Comparative Regional Study on Basic Education Ninth Graders.

This qualitative research studied regional motivation and learning of the basic education 9th graders in Thailand. Second topic was the school size and its possible effect on motivation. Furthermore, the data gave an opportunity to discuss, whether international research on motivation and learning was valid in Thai classrooms. The informants were randomly selected from northern, north eastern, central, and southern regions of the country. Altogether 12 schools, ranging from smaller than 500 students to larger with more than 1 500 students, participated. Three teachers and their students from each school assessed their learning and motivation into a questionnaire after lessons. Researchers selected randomly two male and female students to represent each class. Research questions were: What is the motivation and learning of the students in the four main regions of the Thailand? Does the school size affect the motivation and learning? If it does, what is the impact? Research findings revealed that the most motivated Thai students study in south. The internal motivation wasn’t low anywhere, however, but it could easily drop to a situation-based interest or even less. Second, the motivation was higher in classes, in which teachers analyzed students’ motivation and learning in the same way as students did. Third, the more the students liked the teacher, the better their motivation was. Regarding school size effects, the trend favored smaller units. To foster the future development, this study urges to study motivation in all teachers training. Second, teachers’ personal motivation needs surveys in a broad context.
Ischemia Modified Albumin Levels in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

D O I: 10 . 2 51 79 /t je m . 2 01 859 93 9 Objective: Diabetic nephropathy is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus and is a common cause of the end-stage renal disease. Diabetic nephropathy should be detected and treated at the early microalbuminuria stage, which is potentially reversible. Microalbuminuria used as a gold standard to determine the degree of advancement of diabetic nephropathy has certain limitations; hence, additional markers are being sought for the early identification of diabetic complications. Ischemia-modified albumin, an oxidative stress marker, has been shown to be associated with diabetic complications. The aim of the study: The present study is undertaken to evaluate ischemia-modified albumin as a useful marker in estimating kidney dysfunction in patients with diabetic nephropathy along with urine microalbumin and creatinine. Material and Methods: This was a case-control study that enrolled 40 patients with diabetic nephropathy and 40 ageand gender-matched controls. All biochemical parameters were analyzed on a Beckman Coulter Unicel DXC 600 clinical chemistry auto analyzer, Galway, Ireland. Ischemia-modified albumin was estimated by the albumin cobalt binding test using a Perkin Elmer Lambda 25 spectrophotometer. Results: Compared with controls, urine microalbumin and ischemia-modified albumin levels were significantly increased in patients with diabetic nephropathy (p<0.001). Ischemia-modified albumin levels showed a significant positive correlation between creatinine and microalbumin in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Ischemia-modified albumin showed the high sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 97.5% than microalbumin did. Conclusion: The results suggest that simultaneous measurement of ischemia-modified albumin with other parameters such as creatinine and microalbumin might be useful in identifying early kidney dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus.