Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origin of Meyer-Neldel type compensation behavior in organic semiconductors at large carrier concentrations: Disorder versus thermodynamic description

(OFETs). We show that the compensation behavior in organic semiconductor thin films can be consistently described for both nonpolaronic and polaronic hopping transport in the framework of the disorder formalism using either Miller-Abrahams or polaron Marcus rates, respectively, provided that the polaron binding energy is small compared to the width of the density of states (DOS) distribution in the system. We argue that alternative models based on thermodynamic reasoning, like the multiexcitation entropy (MEE) model, which assumes charge transport dominated by polarons with multiphonon processes and ignores the energy disorder, are inherently not applicable to describe adequately the charge-carrier transport in disordered organic semiconductors. We have suggested and realized a test experiment based on measurements of the compensation behavior for the temperature-dependent conductivity and mobility in OFET devices to check the applicability of these models. We point out that the MN behavior observed in thin-film OFETs has nothing to do with the genuine MN rule predicted by the MEE approach, but rather it is an apparent effect arising as a consequence of the functional dependence of the partial filling of the DOS in a disordered system with hopping transport. This fact is fully supported by experimental results. The apparent MN energy was found to depend also on the shape of the DOS distribution and polaron binding energy.
Testing word embeddings for Polish

Testing word embeddings for Polish Distributional Semantics postulates the representation of word meaning in the form of numeric vectors which represent words which occur in context in large text data. This paper addresses the problem of constructing such models for the Polish language. The paper compares the effectiveness of models based on lemmas and forms created with Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW) and skip-gram approaches based on different Polish corpora. For the purposes of this comparison, the results of two typical tasks solved with the help of distributional semantics, i.e. synonymy and analogy recognition, are compared. The results show that it is not possible to identify one universal approach to vector creation applicable to various tasks. The most important feature is the quality and size of the data, but different strategy choices can also lead to significantly different results. Testowanie wektorowych reprezentacji dystrybucyjnych slow jezyka polskiego Semantyka dystrybucyjna opiera sie na zalozeniu, ze znaczenie slow wyrazone jest za pomocą wektorow reprezentujących, w sposob bezpośredni bądź pośredni, konteksty, w jakich slowo to jest uzywane w duzym zbiorze tekstow. Niniejszy artykul dotyczy ewaluacji wielu takich modeli skonstruowanych dla jezyka polskiego. W pracy porownano skutecznośc modeli opartych na lematach i formach slow, utworzonych przy wykorzystaniu sieci neuronowych na danych z dwoch roznych korpusow jezyka polskiego. Ewaluacji dokonano na podstawie wynikow dwoch typowych zadan rozwiązywanych za pomocą metod semantyki dystrybucyjnej, tzn. rozpoznania wystepowania synonimii i analogii miedzy konkretnymi parami slow. Uzyskane wyniki dowodzą, ze nie mozna wskazac jednego uniwersalnego podejścia do tworzenia modeli dystrybucyjnych, gdyz ich skutecznośc jest rozna w zalezności od zastosowania. Najwazniejszą cechą wplywającą na jakośc modelu jest jakośc oraz rozmiar danych, ale wybory roznych strategii uczenia sieci mogą rowniez prowadzic do istotnie odmiennych wynikow.
Indigenising the Griffith School of Environment Curriculum: Where to From Here?

This article presents a discussion on a study undertaken by academics within the Griffith School of Environment, Brisbane, Australia that sought to explore the potential of an Indigenised curriculum to attract and retain Indigenous students, and thereby facilitate greater participation of Indigenous students in science. The article highlights the need for staff to be both reflective and reflexive about the limitations their particular knowledge systems may impose on Indigenous ways of knowing and knowledge systems. The article also acknowledges the need for professional development opportunities for staff prior to any attempts towards Indigenisation of the curriculum.
Title Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004 Permalink

Biomass burning represents an important source of atmospheric aerosols and greenhouse gases, yet little is known about its interannual variability or the underlying mechanisms regulating this variability at continental to global scales. Here we investigated fire emissions during the 8 year period from 1997 to 2004 using satellite data and the CASA biogeochemical model. Burned area from 2001– 2004 was derived using newly available active fire and 500 m. burned area datasets from MODIS following the approach described by Giglio et al. (2006). ATSR and VIRS satellite data were used to extend the burned area time series back in time through 1997. In our analysis we estimated fuel loads, including organic soil layer and peatland fuels, and the net flux from terrestrial ecosystems as the balance between net primary production (NPP), heterotrophic respiration ( Rh), and biomass burning, using time varying inputs of precipitation (PPT), temperature, solar radiation, and satellite-derived fractional absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR). For the 1997–2004 period, we found that on average approximately 58 Pg C year −1 was fixed by plants as NPP, and approximately 95% of this was returned back to the atmosphere viaRh. Another 4%, or 2.5 Pg C year −1 was emitted by biomass burning; the remainder consisted of losses from fuel wood collection and subsequent burning. At a global scale, burned area and total fire emissions were largely decoupled from year to year. Total carbon emissions tracked burning in forested areas (including deforestation fires in the tropics), whereas burned area was largely controlled by savanna fires that responded to different environmental and human factors. Biomass burning emissions showed large interannual variability with a range of more than 1 Pg C year −1, Correspondence to: G. R. van der Werf (guido.van.der.werf@falw.vu.nl) with a maximum in 1998 (3.2 Pg C year −1) and a minimum in 2000 (2.0 Pg C year −1).
Brian Allen and Chriscelyn Tussey the Controlled Research Can Projective Drawings Detect if a Child Experienced Sexual or Physical Abuse ? : A Systematic Review of

Clinical observations have suggested that children who experience physical or sexual abuse may provide indicators in their drawings that can distinguish them from nonabused children. Some have even suggested that a child’s drawings and the interpretive testimony of a trained mental health clinician should be admissible in court as evidence of a child’s abuse status. Many of these comments, however, may reflect a limited consideration of the available research. The current article provides a comprehensive literature review of the controlled research to determine whether any graphic indicators (e.g., genitalia, omission of body parts) or predefined scoring system can reliability and validly discriminate abused from nonabused children. Results indicate that, although individual studies have found support for various indicators or scoring systems, these results are rarely replicated, many times studies finding significant results suffer from serious methodological flaws and alternative explanations for findings (e.g., mental illness) are often present. No graphic indicator or scoring system possessed sufficient empirical evidence to support its use for identifying sexual or physical abuse. A discussion of the legal ramifications of these results is provided.
Local Scour Associated with Angled Spur Dikes

A series of experiments were conducted in which the volume of the scour hole associated with model spur dikes was measured in a laboratory flume under clear-water overtopping flows. Spur dike models were angled at 45, 90, and 135° to the downstream channel sidewall with contraction ratios of 0.125 and 0.250. The main goals of the experiments were to evaluate the effect of the three angles on the volume of scour and potential aquatic habitat and on minimizing erosion adjacent to the streambanks. The experiments showed that of the three angles tested, the least erosion of the bed in the near bank region was associated with the spur dikes with 90° angles, while the greatest volume of the scour hole was associated with the 135° spur dikes. It was concluded that spur dikes with 135$ angles showed the best potential for providing improved aquatic habitats while minimizing the potential for erosion of the channel bank.
Association of Total Levels of Serum Antioxidants with Periportal Fibrosis andIntensity of Schistosoma mansoni Infections in Cheretee, North East Ethiopia

Schistosomiasis is only second to malaria in terms of public health importance among parasitic diseases. Hence morbidity and mortality associated with Schistosoma mansoni are mainly the result of periportal fibrosis of the liver. With the objective of evaluating the association of total serum antioxidants and intensity of S. mansoni infection a cross sectional study was conducted from February 2011 to June 2011 involving 414 individuals and 30 controls from S. mansoni non-endemic area. The study groups were selected using systematic random sampling technique and data were collected using a pre-tested clinical questionnaire, ulthersonographic examinations of the liver and serum ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection and periportal fibrosis in Cheretee was 36.72% and 9.42%, respectively. Prevalence of periportal fibrosis and intensity of infection had a sharp rise in the age group 11-20 years, reached its peak in the 21 to 30-year age group, and started to decline thereafter up to >40. Age, sex and intensity of infection were strongly associated with periportal fibrosis development (p<0.05). Mean total serum antioxidant concentrations were significantly lower in study subjects who were from S. mansoni endemic area (96.5 μM/L) compared with healthy participants from Addis Ababa (339.9 μM/L). However, mean total serum antioxidant concentration were not significantly different among PPF positive and negative individuals from S. mansoni endemic area. Finally, further studies are recommended on the cause of this low antioxidant concentration.
and Nicholas David Bowman avatar relationships − social ties in player Avatars are ( sometimes ) people too : Linguistic indicators of parasocial and

As principal links between players and many gameworlds, avatars are of central importance in understanding human behavior and communication in play. In particular, the connection between player and avatar is understood as influencing a range of cognitive, affective, and behavioral play phenomena. Divergent approaches examine this connection from both parasocial (one-way, non-dialectical) and social (two-way, dialectical) perspectives. This study examined how player–avatar connections may be better understood by integrating an existing parasocial approach (character attachment [CA]) with a social approach (player–avatar relationships [PARs]). A quantitative linguistic analysis of massively multiplayer online game (MMO) player interviews revealed statistically robust associations among language patterns, dimensions of CA, and PAR types. Validating and extending prior research, findings highlight the importance of selfdifferentiation and anthropomorphization in suspending disbelief so that the avatar may be taken as a fully social agent.
The Effect of Information Provision on Pro-Environmental Behaviors

To reduce the environmental load of the household sector, it is important to enhance people’s pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs). Information provision has been considered as one of the possible methods for fostering PEBs. However, previous studies have seldom discussed what type of information is most appropriate for the target behavior. Effective media through which to provide such information should be also discussed. In order to identify the most effective such information, as well as the effectiveness of free papers as media through which to disseminate it, environmental information regarding two behaviors—“My Cup” and “Carbon Cashbag”—was provided through online questionnaires and free papers. Even though the same information was provided in both sources, it was found that the effectiveness of the content depended on the target behavior and region. As lack of information was one of the barriers to “Carbon Cashbag” behavior, it was found that the provision of very basic information improved the intention and practice of the behavior. Higher scores for intention and practice were observed when information was provided through free papers, which could therefore be considered as effective media through which to deliver information about PEBs.
Community assemblage of the Carabidae fauna in newly created habitats

Removal of topsoil on former agricultural fields resulted in a rapid reduction in soil fertility. Insight into the general principles determining invertebrate faunal community assemblage after removal of topsoil was studied by correlating assemblage of the carabid community ten years after topsoil removal, to traits related to abiotic preferences, dispersal ability and the relative abundance of species. Special emphasis is put on the animal species characteristic of low production communities (target species). Results showed that newly exposed sites were rapidly colonized by Carabidae. Both abiotic preference and dispersal ability to some extent influenced community assemblage. Over time the importance of abiotic conditions on community assemblage increased, whilst dispersal restrictions seemed to decrease. During the first ten years chance factors appeared to be of major importance on community assemblage.
Discovery of s-process enhanced stars in the LAMOST survey

Here we present the discovery of 895 s-process-rich candidates from 454 180 giant stars observed by the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) using a data-driven approach. This sample constitutes the largest number of s-process enhanced stars ever discovered. Our sample includes 187 s-process-rich candidates that are enhanced in both barium and strontium, 49 stars with significant barium enhancement only and 659 stars that show only a strontium enhancement. Most of the stars in our sample are in the range of effective temperature and log g typical of red giant branch (RGB) populations, which is consistent with our observational selection bias towards finding RGB stars. We estimate that only a small fraction (∼0.5 per cent) of binary configurations are favourable for s-process enriched stars. The majority of our s-process-rich candidates (95 per cent) show strong carbon enhancements, whereas only five candidates (<3 per cent) show evidence of sodium enhancement. Our kinematic analysis reveals that 97 per cent of our sample are disc stars, with the other 3 per cent showing velocities consistent with the Galactic halo. The scaleheight of the disc is estimated to be $z_{\rm h}=0.634 \pm {0.063}\, \mathrm{kpc}$, comparable with values in the literature. A comparison with yields from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) models suggests that the main neutron source responsible for the Ba and Sr enhancements is the 13C(α,n)16O reaction. We conclude that s-process-rich candidates may have received their overabundances via mass transfer from a previous AGB companion with an initial mass in the range $1\! -\! 3\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$.
organophosphate pesticides Paraoxonase activity and genetic polymorphisms in northern Han Chinese workers exposed to

Paraoxonase (PON1) is one of the major players in the detoxification of organophosphates (OPs). This study presents our investigation into the effect of OPs on serum PON1 activity and the distribution of common PON1 polymorphisms in Han Chinese workers with repeated high exposure to OP pesticides, and the factors modulating PON1 activity. In all, 400 participants, including 180 workers exposed to OP pesticides occupationally, and 220 controls were investigated. Serum PON1 and cholinesterase (ChE) activity were measured, and genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The association between PON1 activity and PON1 polymorphisms, and the influencing factors of PON1 activity, were analyzed. The results revealed that repeated OP exposures significantly decreased serum PON1 and ChE activity (P< 0.05), although the exposed workers did not complain of health problems. Higher L and R allele frequencies for the L55M and Q192R polymorphisms of PON1 were observed. PON1 polymorphisms (especially the Q192R polymorphism) and pesticide exposures significantly affected serum PON1 activity in the study population. Therefore, the results of this investigation indicate PON1 polymorphisms and pesticide exposures may be important risk predictors for OP poisoning in the Han Chinese population, who display very high frequencies of the M allele and R allele for PON1 polymorphisms at the positions 55 and 192, respectively.
Food Insecurity and Public Agricultural Spending in Bolivia: Putting Money Where Your Mouth is?

This paper explores the reduction of food insecurity in Bolivia, adopting a supply side approach that analyzes the role of agricultural spending on vulnerability. Vulnerability to food insecurity is captured by a municipal level composite -- developed locally within the framework of World Food Program food security analysis -- that combines welfare outcomes, weather conditions and agricultural potential for all 327 municipalities in 2003, 2006 and 2007. Our econometric results indicate that levels of public agricultural spending are positively associated with high or very high vulnerability. The authors interpret this to indicate that agricultural spending allocation decisions are driven by high or very high vulnerability levels. In other words, more agricultural spending appears to be destined to where it is more needed in line with previous findings in other sectors in Bolivia. This is confirmed through a number of specifications, including contemporaneous and lagged relationships between spending and vulnerability. They also find evidence of public spending on infrastructure and research and extension services having a significant (but very small) effect towards reducing high vulnerability. This indicates the importance of the composition of public agricultural spending in shaping its relationship with vulnerability to food insecurity.
Group Structures and Rectifiability in Powers of Spaces

We prove that if some power of a space X is rectifiable, then X is rectifiable. It follows that no power of the Sorgenfrey line is a topological group and this answers a question of Arhangel′skĭi. We also show that in Mal′tsev spaces of point-countable type, character and π-character coincide.
weight-loss strategies A proteomic analysis of excreted and circulating proteins from obese patients following two different

Bariatric surgery is the most successful therapeutic approach to weight loss, but how it leads to weight loss, and how it resolves obesity-related complications, including type-2 diabetes, are poorly understood. This study, comprising two groups of individuals, one on a low-calorie diet (n1⁄4 5) and one undergoing bariatric surgery (n1⁄4 7), used both targeted and untargeted proteomic approaches to determine changes in protein levels preand post-intervention (i.e. 3–6 months later). Changes were observed in both circulating and excreted proteins following weight loss. Targeted multiplexed biochip arrays measured 12 plasma peptides/proteins involved in metabolism and inflammation: C-peptide, ferritin, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 alpha, resistin, insulin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, leptin, plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1, adiponectin, cystatin C, and C-reactive protein. Following a low-calorie diet, plasma insulin and C-reactive protein levels were significantly reduced (P1⁄4 0.045 and P1⁄4 0.030, respectively); adiponectin increased and leptin decreased following surgery (P1⁄4 0.014 and P1⁄4 0.005, respectively). Untargeted proteomic analysis employing 2D difference in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) showed 28 protein spots with 1.5-fold changes in expression following weight loss by a low-calorie diet; comparison of preand post-intervention urine samples from the bariatric surgery group showed changes in excretion of 110 protein spots. The combination of targeted protein analysis by multiplexed arrays and an exploratory (i.e. an unbiased or discovery) proteomic assessment of hundreds of proteins offers valuable insights into the mechanistic differences between alternative weight-loss strategies. This is a powerful hypothesis-generating approach to study complex, multifactorial syndromes such as obesity. The findings that arise from these studies can then be validated in targeted, hypothesis-directed investigations.
The Dark-Matter Mechanism and Orbital Speeds of Stars in Galaxies

Here, within the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), we described the dark-matter mechanism which leads to the equality of orbital speeds of stars outside the central stellar bulge of spiral galaxy. The obtained results are consistent with the observational facts for the Milky Way, Andromeda Galaxy, Triangular Galaxy and SBO-a NGC 4984. The equality of orbital speeds of stars for defined spiral galaxy follows from the weak interactions, via leptons, of the baryonic matter with the virtual dark-matter loops in the Einstein spacetime - the loops mimic the motions in fermions. The ordered motions of matter along the jets of quasars produce flows in the Einstein spacetime. Such motions decrease local dynamic pressure in the spacetime i.e. there are produced pressure holes. To increase the lowered dynamic pressure, there are inflows of additional Einstein-spacetime components into the pressure holes but mass density is still to low to produce real particles. Such regions with higher local mass density of the Einstein spacetime mimic gravitational attraction so there appears the gravitational lensing. During the initial period of evolution of quasars, the iron-plus-nickel lumps from the explosions of the Population III supernovae (the first-generation big stars) mainly collected in the regions with higher local mass density of the Einstein spacetime so there appeared the ferromagnetic filaments between the quasars. We do not need some exotic matter to explain the origin of dark matter and dark energy - they both are the additional entangled or free neutrino-antineutrino pairs (the free pairs interact gravitationally only). We calculated as well the “mass ratio” of the dark matter and visible matter for galaxies, dwarf-galaxies and ultra-faint galaxies (dSphs). For the dwarf galaxies with active dark-matter mechanism, the ratio is up to 1000 and more.
THE EFFECT OF METHIDATHION ON SEX HORMONES, SPERM PARAMETERS AND TESTICULAR TISSUE IN MICE

The present study aimed to identify the effect of methidathion on sex hormones, sperm parameters and testicular tissue in mice Mus musculus. Adult male mice divided into three groups (8 for each group), the first group i.p injected with normal saline as a control group, the second and third groups were i.p injected with (1.2, 2.4mg/kg of body weight) methidathion respectively for 15 day. The level of LH wasreduced in mice given high dose methidathion and decrease levels of testosterone in low and high doses compared with control group.A significant decreased in number of sperm after methidathion injection and significant increased in proportion of malformation sperm rate shown in high dose compared with control group. histopathological examination of testes showed analysis in some seminiferous tubules.