Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The etiology of menopause: not just ovarian dysfunction but also a role for the central nervous system

Background: The hormonal changes which occur leading up to menopause have been described in multiple cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Results from these studies document the occurrence of marked alterations in pituitary-hypothalamic function, along with the changes in the ovary, which play a role in the etiology of menopause. However, the role of pituitary-hypothalamic function in the menopausal transition (MT) has been generally overlooked. Methods: Literature searches were performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Medline, for articles with content related to menopause and the MT. The searches were restricted to English language observational studies and reviews of human studies and clinical trials. Results: During the MT, in addition to a reduction in the number of ovarian follicles, there is a marked reduction in the sensitivity of the central nervous system to both the positive and negative feedback effects of estrogen. These changes in sensitivity explain menstrual irregularities and systemic systems which are present in the time before the final menstrual period. Although the timing of menopause is difficult to predict, broad patterns in hormonal changes are seen, including a slow drop in inhibin B levels, followed by a monotropic rise in follicle-stimulating hormone during the late reproductive period. The MT is marked by irregular cycles with unpredictable luteinizing hormone levels and unpredictable ovulation. The levels of estrogen remain stable, or are even elevated through most of the MT, and levels of estrogen do not begin to decrease until late in the MT. The Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop guidelines have improved the homogeneity of classifications in studies. Conclusions: On the basis of longitudinal hormone studies, it is clear that desensitization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian feedback loop plays an important role, in addition to a decrease in follicle number and insensitivity of remaining follicles to the positive feedback of estrogen, to trigger ovulation. Further studies in humans are needed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these perimenopausal changes if proper therapeutic modalities for the symptoms associated with menopause can be developed.
Aortic Wall Inflammation Predicts Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion, Rupture, and Need for Surgical Repair

March 20, 2018 1293 http://circ.ahajournals. org Chengcheng Zhu, PhD David Saloner, PhD Michael D. Hope, MD To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by the MA3RS Study Group regarding abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in Circulation.1 Three hundred forty-two patients with AAAs (average diameter ≈5 cm) were studied using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particle (USPIO)–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and followed with ultrasound for ≥2 years. Although USPIO enhancement was associated with faster growth and AAA rupture or repair, it was not an independent predictor of clinical outcome. Nonetheless, we believe that molecular imaging with this novel MRI contrast agent has promise for better understanding of AAA disease progression. Although the ultrasound reproducibility (3.5%) reported in this study is much better than the measurement error of 5 to 10 mm or >10% reported elsewhere,2 high-resolution CTA and volumetric MRI sequences offer even better measurement accuracy and reproducibility (2.2%–2.5%). Furthermore, those methods allow the assessment of maximal AAA diameter rather than the anterior-posterior diameter typically reported with ultrasound.3 Over the relatively short 2-year time interval, the typically small changes in vessel size are better quantified if maximum diameter measurements can be aligned with the sometimes complex geometries of AAAs. Several imaging approaches and contrast agents are available for characterizing AAA inflammation. These include 18F-FDG positron emission tomography), gadolinium-enhanced MRI, and delayed MRI after USPIO administration. USPIO imaging is promising because it targets macrophages directly, whereas the other modalities target metabolism or vessel wall enhancement via the vasa vasorum, both indirect markers of inflammation. The authors characterized inflammation using binary categories on standard 2-dimensional T2* maps with 5-mm slice thickness, 2.1 × 1.6 mm in plane resolution, and a minimum echo time of 4.9 ms. Ultrashort echo time MRI sequences have substantially shorter echo time values (minimum echo time of 0.05 ms) and provide a linear relationship between signal intensity and USPIO concentration.4 High-resolution ultrashort echo time (1.3 mm isotropic) offers improvements in sensitivity and the ability to quantify USPIO uptake by macrophages and therefore has the potential to better assess vessel wall inflammation. Inflammation imaging has 3 potential roles in the clinical management of patients with AAAs that should be explored in future studies targeting smaller AAAs with longer follow-up durations. First, most AAAs are small and undergo routine surveillance imaging. Surveillance intervals could be tailored to match the improved risk assessment of AAA progression that inflammation imaging affords. Second, intervention thresholds for AAAs could be adjusted to reflect the increased risk that inflammation imaging may reveal. This would reflect © 2018 American Heart Association, Inc. LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Gender congruence and body satisfaction in non-binary transgender people: A case control study ABSTRACT Background: Binary transgender people access gender affirming medical interventions to alleviate gender incongruence and increase body satisfaction. Despite the increase in non- binary transgender

Background: Binary transgender people access gender affirming medical interventions to alleviate gender incongruence and increase body satisfaction. Despite the increase in nonbinary transgender people, this population are less likely to access transgender health services compared to binary transgender people. No research has yet explored why by exploring levels of gender congruence and body satisfaction in non-binary transgender people. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare levels of gender congruence and body satisfaction in non-binary transgender people to controls (binary transgender people and cisgender (non-trans) people). Method: In total, 526 people from a community sample in the United Kingdom took part in the study (97 non-binary, 91 binary and 338 cisgender identifying people). Participants were asked to complete an online survey about gender congruence and body satisfaction. Results: There were differences in gender congruence and body satisfaction between nonbinary and binary transgender people. On sex specific parts of the body (i.e., chest, genitalia and secondary sex characteristics), non-binary transgender people reported significantly higher levels of gender and body satisfaction compared to binary transgender people. However, there was no difference in congruence and satisfaction with social gender role between the two transgender groups (non-binary and binary). Cisgender people reported significantly higher levels of gender congruence and body satisfaction compared to transgender people (non-binary
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Performance Measures and Intra-Firm Spillovers : Theory and Evidence

We revisit the question of how performance measures are used to evaluate business unit managers in response to intra-firm spillovers because prior studies have documented conflicting empirical evidence. Specifically, we are interested in variation in the relative incentive weightings of aggregated “above-level” measures (e.g., firm-wide net income), “own-level” business unit measures (e.g., business unit profit), and specific “below-level” measures (e.g., R&D expenses) in response to spillover arising from either the focal manager’s effect on other business units’ performance or the other units’ effect on the focal manager’s performance. Our theory highlights existence of an interaction between the two directions of spillovers. In our empirical work, we account for the interaction effect. Based on a purpose-developed survey of 122 business unit managers, we report that the incentive weighting on above-level measures increases by approximately 50 percentage points when managers face both types of spillovers (as opposed to one type of spillover).
Development of Potential Model of Tungsten for Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Tungsten (W) is considered as one of the candidate materials for plasma facing components in fusion reactors, thanks to its superior material properties such as low tritium inventory, low sputtering rate, low thermal expansion, and high melting point. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation can be used in understanding the behavior of tungsten during the reactor operation. There are two types of MD simulation methods, classical MD (CMD) and first-principles MD (FPMD), which are different in the way they calculate the potential energy and forces needed to simulate time evolution of a system. Although FPMD has a rigid physical background on quantum mechanics (QM), its calculation cost usually scales as O(N) or O(N), where N is the number of atoms used in simulation, due to its inherent calculation procedures. Therefore, even nowadays, FPMD simulations are limited to around several hundred atoms. In contrast to FPMD, CMD requires relatively low time cost and the time cost is basically linear to the number of atoms, namely O(N). However, for CMD, the preparation of an accurate potential model, which describes interatomic interactions approximately, is a difficult task, and the use of an inaccurate potential model significantly decreases the accuracy of simulation results. In the present study, we propose a method to systematically construct an accurate potential model for CMD simulation by using calculation results of FPMD. As a validation test of the method, a potential model for tungsten is constructed.
SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE BODY AFTER THE ILLNESS BY PROSTATE CANCER

This study aims to identify and analyze the social representations of body for men after the illness from prostate cancer. Narrative interviews were conducted with 08 men with ages ranging from 50 and 70 years, diagnosed with this disease and who had undergone oncological treatment, for at least one year. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Approach. The results show that before the illness, the participants represented their bodies as strong, resistant and healthy taking in the hegemonic masculinity model an important anchorage point for these representations. The absence of symptoms that cause bodily discomforts contributed to the feeling of healthy body. The search for health services only occurred after the manifestation of the first symptoms and its exacerbations, which limited their daily actions and change their daily lives. Participants mentioned the illness by prostate cancer and oncological treatment proposals, in particular the prostatectomy, as a remarkable experience that producer of great physical and psychological discomfort. After the illness, the men began to represent their bodies as fragile, sick and weak. Those interviewed point to the impact of body changes, especially those related to sexual and urological dysfunctions in ways of thinking, feeling and acting in relation to his masculinity. Accordingly, the limitations imposed by illness and oncological treatments are opposed to the hegemonic masculinity model, favoring the feeling of being less a man than before the illness.
Standard and Organization ' s Performance : A Literature Review

Nowadays, ISO 9001 has been adopted by different organizations in all over the world. This standard was first introduced in 1978 by International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Several empirical studies revealed the importance of this quality management tool for improving continuously performance within the organizations, in order to satisfy customer's needs and promote competitiveness in the market. Although ISO 9001 standard has shown its usefulness to the companies from different sectors, but there is no consensus among practitioners and scholars whether ISO 9001 considerably enables to improve firms' performance. Thus, this study was performed to review the findings of the empirical studies, which tested the hypothesized relationship between ISO 9001 standard and the different perspectives of organization's performance, in order to present an aggregate overview of the role of ISO standard in improving performance in the organizations from different sectors. So, the research was designed to identify, select, and review the empirical studies that were relevant to the objectives of the research, and likewise published between 2002 and 2017. From literature review, the only 19 empirical studies selected that were relevant and fitted to the criteria of the study with the aim of obtaining the results and conclusions. Finally, the analysis of the results of the empirical studies uncovered that ISO 9001 significantly affected internal business process, while this standard was not correlated with the indicators of innovation and learning perspective at significant level. Furthermore, the systematic review of the existing literature provided enough evidence that the effectiveness of ISO 9001 on customer's results and financial performance were unclear and contradictory.
Abstract INVESTIGATING DLX AND ZBED 1 PROTEIN INTERACTIONS DURING CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION

INVESTIGATING DLX AND ZBED1 PROTEIN INTERACTIONS DURING CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION Michael Shayne McLaughlin Advisor: University of Guelph, 2019 Professor A. Bendall Genes of the vertebrate distal-less homeobox (Dlx) family encode a group of homeodomain transcription factors that act as pro-differentiation factors in a variety of tissues. Recently, we have shown that forced expression of both Dlx5 and Dlx6 decreases the rate of cellular proliferation in various cell types, at least in part by delaying entry into S-phase. In Drosophila, this may be accomplished by a protein-protein interaction involving the homologue Distal-less (Dll) and the DNA replication-related element binding factor (DREF) – a proproliferative transcription factor that positively regulates many genes associated with cell cycle progression. Here, we demonstrate that this interaction may be a conserved mechanism for Dlxmediated antagonism of cell division since chick Dlx6 physically interacts with the chick orthologue of DREF, Zbed1. We investigated the functional significance of this physical interaction by examining aspects of cell cycle progression in several cell lines.
AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE IN TYPE 1 DIABETIC PATIENTS IN THE SOUTH OF IRAN (BANDAR ABBAS)

هديكچ همدقم : عون تبايد 1 يم بوسحم ينميادوخ للاتخا كي نريظن ينميادوخ تلالاتخا رياس اب هك ددرگ و لانردآ يياسرا وتوميشاه تيديئوريت دراد يهارمه . قيقحت نيا زا فده ، عون يتبايد ناراميب رد ديئوريت ينميادوخ تلالاتخا عويش يسررب 1 ناريا بونج رد ) سابعردنب رهش ( يم دشاب . هشور ا : دادعت يعطقم هعلاطم رد 48 عون يتبايد راميب 1 و 41 تخا روضح رظن زا سنج مه و نس مه درف ينميادوخ تلالا دنتفرگ رارق يبايزرا دروم ديئوريت . نييعت تهج نوخ هنومن دارفا مامت زا اپ د نت ياه يديئوريت دض antithyroidperoxidase) ( و
Developing forensic authorship pro

Current research into the task of determining the characteristics of an anonymous writer, authorship pro ling, does not meet the demands of the forensic context, because of the lack of transparency of certain computational techniques, their requirements for large data sets, and, most importantly, since the strength of register variation does not guarantee that ndings obtained in other registers will apply to forensic registers such as, for example, a threatening letter. The present article demonstrates how previously established ndings related to stylistic variation in English for gender, age, and social class also apply to the kinds of texts often analysed by forensic linguists through an experiment involving 96 participants. These results constitute an example of linguistically-motivated pro ling research and it is argued that the agenda to move from authorship pro ling to forensic authorship pro ling should be led by previously established knowledge of
Biopesticidal Extractives and Compounds from Warburgia Ugandensis against Maize Weevil ( Sitophilus zeamais )

Agricultural production is constrained by insect pests, which cause serious post-harvest losses of up to 43% in developing countries. Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky.) is one of the most destructive pests of maize. Synthetic chemicals have been used to protect stored grain from damage by insects. The increasing knowledge about the harm derived from the indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides has prompted research aimed at finding safe methods of pest control. Efficacy of extractives and isolates from Warburgia ugandensis (Canellaceae) were evaluated for maize grain protection against S. zeamais. The oil extract was the most repellent (P<0.05) with repellence distance of 6.37 within 2-hour exposure duration followed by n-hexane extract (6.20 cm). The most repellent compounds were mukaadial (6) and polygodial (1) (5.43 and 4.83 cm, respectively). Essential oil was the most toxic (P<0.05) to the weevils and showed 100% mortality at 21 days. The toxicity levels of the organic extracts ranged from 18.3 to 78.0% with n-hexane exhibiting the highest toxicity followed by ethyl acetate extract. Polygodial (1) and warburganal (2) were the most toxic compounds (70.0 and 65.0% respectively). The oil extract was as active as the Actellic dust and completely inhibited the emergence of the insect adults. Polygodial (1), ugandensolide (3) and warbuganal (2) had the best growth inhibition activity. The results from the present study indicate that W. ugandensis could be a useful alternative in stored grain protection against maize weevil and the isolated compounds could be good candidates as phytoinsecticidal agents against insect pests.
P6.23 INTERCOMPARISON OF GLOBAL OCEAN SURFACE LATENT HEAT FLUX FIELDS

To improve our understanding of global energy and water cycle variability, and to improve model simulations of climate variations, it is vital to have accurate latent heat fluxes (LHF) over global oceans. The LHF is derived using various bulk flux algorithms from surface winds, surface air humidity and temperature, and sea surface temperature, all of which may have a large uncertainty in the reanalyses, satellite retrievals, and in situ measurements. There is no "ground truth" for the global LHF fields; thus it is important to conduct intercomparison studies to assess the sources of errors for various global LHF products. The studies can identify the strengths and weaknesses of various LHF products, and provide important information for improving atmospheric general circulation models and satellite retrievals. Currently, there are several datasets of global ocean LHF available, which are based on the surface air humidity and winds derived from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) on board a series of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft. The Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data (HOAPS; Grassl et al. 2000) has daily and monthly LHF over global oceans with 0.5 spatial resolution for the period July 1987–December 1998, based on the method of Schulz et al. (1997). The Goddard Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Fluxes (GSSTF) has two versions of global ocean LHF derived from the SSM/I radiances. The version 1 (GSSTF1) has daily and monthly fields for July 1987–December 1994 with a spatial resolution of 2.0 x 2.5 lat–lon (Chou et al. 1997, 2000). The version 2 (GSSTF2) has daily and monthly fields for July 1987– December 2000 with 1 resolution (Chou et al. 2003). The Japanese Ocean Flux dataset with Use of Remote sensing Observations (J-OFURO) has monthly turbulent heat fluxes over global oceans with 1 resolution for 1991–95 (Kubota et al., 2002). The J-OFURO has been further extended to the period 1992–2000 with 3 days temporal resolution. These flux datasets have been ____________________________________________
2 ARCTIC OSCILLATION VERSUS NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION : ARGUMENTS BASED ON THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY

A debate has started recently on what should be considered the leading mode of Northern Hemisphere (NH) wintertime circulation variability in the troposphere. There are two competing concepts: the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), having been described in 1930’s and since then being a subject of many studies; and the Arctic Oscillation (AO), first described by Thompson and Wallace (1998). The NAO has two action centers of opposite polarity, located at the place of the Icelandic cyclone and the Azores anticyclone. It can be detected by means of one-point correlation maps (Wallace and Gutzler 1981) and rotated principal component analysis (PCA; Barnston and Livezey 1987). The AO was originally defined as the leading mode in unrotated PCA of monthly sea level pressure (SLP). It possesses three action centers, two of them over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans at the place of the Azore anticyclone and Aleutian cyclone, respectively, the third one, of the opposite polarity, covering the Arctic. Because of its spatial characteristics, the AO is also called Northern Annular Mode.
A Method To Estimate Correlations Among Traits In Different Countries Using Data On All Bulls

The international evaluation of bulls using multiple across country evaluations (MACE) requires estimates of the genetic (co)-variances among countries. By considering the trait of interest in each country as a different trait the estimation of MACE parameters resembles the estimation of parameters for a multiple trait evaluation. However, the estimation of MACE parameters is atypical in that many animals have evaluations in only one country and ties among countries are in general very limited. Sigurdsson and Banos (1995) noted that this can cause problems while estimating variance components using restricted maximum likelihood (REML). This was explained by that in their algorithm many bulls have indirect proofs for some of the countries, i.e. based solely on pedigree indices and correlated information from a different country. In order to circumvent this problem they suggested the use of a subset of well connected bulls. Wellconnected being those bulls that have proofs in more than one country as well as bulls that are members of full-sibs groups that have members with proofs in more than one country. The purpose of this paper is to show an expectation maximization (EM) algorithm for REML that allows for the use of information on all bulls in data from several countries. Results of a simulation will be shown to compare correlations estimated from all data versus parameters estimated from wellconnected subset of the same data.