Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Security test MOODLE: a penetration testing case study

Abstract Moodle project http://moodle.org is one of the most widely used web application packages for delivering teaching materials in universities and colleges. Despite its popularity and high level of acceptance of teachers and decision-makers, the security aspects of Moodle has not been well-mentioned in publications; to our best knowledge, no active research has been conducted to assess the level of security assurance of Moodle. Because of this lack of Knowledge, many Moodle sites were, have been or are exploited in the following manner – propriety teaching materials were stolen, instructors or administrator’s credentials were compromised, student results were changes and so on. This paper demonstrates a security testing case for identifying security vulnerabilities of Moodle. Using automated, manual source code review and web application penetration testing we have demonstrated a sound PHP-based security assessment methodology for Moodle. As a result, we have identified nine security vulnerabilities from Moodle 2.6. The description and security analysis of these vulnerabilities are provided in details. In order to utilize this framework, the tester should have advanced technical skills in operating a source code scanner to differentiate the false positives the scanning results, advanced source code review skills to identify application logic related vulnerabilities and advanced web application penetration testing skills to validate the results from the automated/manual source code review and technical findings that were missed during the source code review. Readers of this paper are encouraged to use our methodology to perform security assessment for their versions of Moodle and to extend the features/functionalities of the testing methodology to further expand the test coverage.
Measuring the charged pion and kaon contributions to the T2K neutrino beam in neutrino and antineutrino running modes using ν μ and ν ̄ μ CC inclusive selections in the ND280 detector

Tokai to Kamioka (T2K) is a long-baseline experiment designed to study neutrino oscillations using an (anti)neutrino beam. The beam is created by colliding 30 GeV protons with a stationary graphite target. Secondary hadrons, primarily pions and kaons, are selected using magnetic horns and they subsequently decay to final states that include neutrinos. Depending on the magnetic horn current, a neutrino or antineutrino enhanced beam can be produced. It is important to understand the flux and flavour content of the beam, in order to maximise sensitivity of the experiment. The T2K experiment uses flux models constrained by external measurement from the NA61/SHINE experiment [1] [2]. Despite this, an in-situ measurement is required to confirm the flux model derived from the NA61/SHINE data, account for time variations and any other differences between the modelled and actual beamline. This thesis used inclusive charged-current (CC) νµ and ¯νµ selections to obtain (anti)muon samples binned in reconstructed momentum. A χ 2 fit, which took into account all statistical and shape-only systematic errors, was performed on the (anti)muon momentum distributions to determine the parent hadron yields. The fit was performed on each neutrino and antineutrino T2K data run separately, and to the entire neutrino data set. The data to Monte Carlo ratio for the parent hadron yields, with shape-only uncertainties applied, was found to be 1.080 ± 0.039 for π + and 0.981 ± 0.080 for K+ in the neutrino enhanced data set, and 1.113±0.124 for π +, 1.089±0.182 for K+, 0.980±0.069 for π − and 0.880 ± 0.230 for K−, in the antineutrino enhanced run 6 data set. This shapeonly analysis provides a comparison of neutrino parent yields relative to each other. This does not constitute an absolute measurement of the yields as that would limited by the normalisation uncertainties on the cross-section models, at around 10%. The normalisation uncertainties have been added after the fit and the resulting distribution is consistent with the nominal distribution at the 1σ level. No significant time variation was found, and results were in agreement with the NA61 model at around the 2σ level for neutrino and antineutrino beams.
Maximizing feedback for language learning: English language learnersâ attention, affect, cognition and usage of computer-delivered feedback from an English language reading proficiency assessment

Attention to personalised feedback for language learning is increasing as computer-based assessment increases practicality, but little attention has been paid to how language learners interact with and use feedback from computer-based assessments. The purposes of the present research were two-fold: to investigate how adult immigrant English language learners engaged with and processed computer-based feedback on their English reading skills, and to explore how these learners used feedback depending on their processing outcomes, psychological characteristics, and English proficiency. To examine these issues, six data sources were analysed using mixed methods for complementary and developmental purposes through interviews, surveys, language assessments, and eye tracking with 102 adult immigrant English language learners in Canada. Data were analysed using qualitative coding and analysis and quantitative methods such as regression analyses and latent class profiling. Results were organized and synthesized by research questions. Study findings were that the personalised sections received most attention, particularly visual results, but detailed descriptive text was useful at intermediate stages of feedback processing and usage. Learners’ cognitive and affective strategies for negotiating feedback included emotional reactions, deflecting responsibility for negative feedback, critically evaluating report content,
Optimizing work stealing algorithms with scheduling constraints

The fork–join paradigm of concurrent expression has gained popularity in conjunction with work-stealing schedulers. Random work-stealing schedulers have been shown to effectively perform dynamic load balancing, yielding provably-efficient schedules and space bounds on shared-memory architectures with uniform memory models. However, the advent of hierarchical, non-uniform multicore systems and large-scale distributed-memory architectures has reduced the efficacy of these scheduling policies. Furthermore, random work stealing schedulers do not exploit persistence within iterative, scientific applications. In this thesis, we prove several properties of work-stealing schedulers that enable online tracing of the tasks with very low overhead. We then describe new scheduling policies that use online schedule introspection to understand scheduler placement and thus improve the performance on NUMA and distributed-memory architectures. Finally, by incorporating an inclusive data effect system into fork–join programs with schedule placement knowledge, we show how we can transform a fork–join program to significantly improve locality.
Analysis of a Linear Induction Motor with Solid Iron Secondary

Background and Objectives: Linear induction motors (LIMs) are widely employed in rail transportation systems due to their robust, simple and low cost structure. Methods: Several methods have evaluated various topologies' performances in the literature. These methods are more and less effective in the intended structures. In this paper, a new two-dimensional analytical method is presented in order to predict developed thrust force of a single-sided linear induction motor with a solid iron secondary. Results: The skin and saturation effects of the induced eddy currents in the solid iron of the secondary are considered in the proposed method. The analytical results are then compared with the 2D finite element simulation and the experimental ones of the research work of Gieras et al. . Conclusion: Results confirm the accuracy of the proposed analytical and finite element methods for the analysis and design of linear induction motors with solid iron secondary.
Understanding the effect of sourcing voltage and driving circuit in the repeatability of measurements in force sensing resistors (FSRs)

Force sensing resistors (FSRs) are manufactured by the vigorous mixing of conductive particles with an insulating polymer resulting in a conductive polymer composite (CPC). FSRs have found great acceptance in biomechanical applications due to their low profile and light weight. However, FSRs exhibit considerable amounts of hysteresis and repeatability error that currently limit their usage. In an attempt to overcome this limitation, the hysteresis and repeatability errors of FSRs were assessed under different conditions of sourcing voltages (VFSR) and driving circuits. It was found that the hysteresis error exhibits a strong dependency on VFSR; this observation opposes the general belief that FSRs’ performance is voltage independent. In general, it was observed that incremental VFSR results in lower hysteresis error. The phenomenon of sensitivity degradation (SD) was also studied at the aforementioned conditions; it was found that SD is also a voltage-related phenomenon occurring at large VFSR. An electrical model was presented for the voltage-dependent response of FSRs; such a model can explain—up to some extent—the different performance of FSRs in regard to voltage changes. In order to obtain representative results, the experimental tests comprised 32 specimens of commercial FSRs from the brands: FlexiForce A201-1 and Interlink FSR 402. Only the Interlink FSR 402 sensor showed a slight dependency between VFSR and the repeatability error.
Gradient regularized convolutional neural networks for low-dose CT image enhancement

The potential risks of x-ray to patients have transferred the public’s attention from normal dose CT (NDCT) to low-dose CT (LDCT). However, simply lowering the radiation dose of the CT system will significantly degrade the quality of CT images such as noise and artifacts, which compromises the diagnostic performance. Hence, various methods have been proposed to solve this problem over the past decades. Although these methods have achieved impressive results, they also suffer from a drawback of smoothing image details after denoising, which makes it difficult for clinical diagnosis and treatment. To address this issue, this paper introduces a novel gradient regularization method for LDCT enhancement. Rather than common methods which only consider the pixel-wise gray value loss in the reconstruction procedure, we also take the image gradient loss into consideration to preserve image details. By combining the gradient regularization method and the convolutional neural network (CNN) framework, a gradient regularized convolutional neural network (GRCNN) is proposed to enhance LDCT images which has achieved promising performance in our experiments both visually and quantitatively.
Regional Financial Development and Bank Competition. Effects on Economic Growth

Many studies have analysed the effect of financial development and bank competition on economic growth from a cross-country perspective. However, to our knowledge, no paper has analysed the effect of these two financial variables on growth at regional level. This paper examines the case of the Spanish regions in an attempt to fill this gap. Our results show that firms in industries with a greater dependence on external finance grow faster in more developed financial regions. The results also show that bank monopoly power has an inverted-U effect on economic growth, suggesting that market power has its highest effect at intermediate values. The effect is heterogeneous among firms according to the financial dependence of the industry they belong to. This result is consistent with the literature on relationship banking which argues that bank competition can have a negative effect on the availability of finance for more informationally opaque firms.
Development of 3D browsing and interactive web system

In the current market, users need to download specific software or plug-ins to browse the 3D model, and browsing the system may be unstable, and it cannot be 3D model interaction issues In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a solution to the interactive browsing of the model in the server-side parsing model, and when the system is applied, the user only needs to input the system URL and upload the 3D model file to operate the browsing The server real-time parsing 3D model, the interactive response speed, these completely follows the user to walk the minimalist idea, and solves the current market block 3D content development question.
Unusual Quantum Transport Mechanisms in Silicon Nano-Devices

Silicon-based materials have been the leading platforms for the development of classical information science and are now one of the major contenders for future developments in the field of quantum information science. In this short review paper, while discussing only some examples, I will describe how silicon Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) compatible materials have been able to provide platforms for the observation of some of the most unusual transport phenomena in condensed matter physics.
Numerical simulation of ship motion fully coupled with sloshing tanks by naoe-FOAM-SJTU solver

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to verify the ability of our in-house solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU to solve the problem of exterior fluid field coupled with interior fluid field and discover the coupling effects between exterior field (ship motion) and interior field (sloshing tanks). Design/methodology/approach The solving equation is based on Navier–Stokes equation, by comparing two turbulence models [laminar model and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stocks (RANS)], of which RANS model are chosen to do the simulation. A unified approach is adopted to simulate exterior and interior fields simultaneously, keeping the pressure and velocity the same in external and internal fields. By adding a new function of calculating forces on different patches, the inner sloshing moments and external wave exciting moments can be output. Findings The in-house solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU had the ability to simulate this problem and showed well agreement with experimental results. By considering ship motion with and without sloshing, it was figured that with the existence of sloshing tank, the ship natural frequency will be changed. When the two tank fillings are the same, there will be another roll peak appeared, which is natural frequency of sloshing tanks. Considering wave height and different filling influence, the nonlinearity of sloshing in tank may give non-proportional response to ship motion. Practical implications With the ability to simulate well, the reality reference in the progress of FPSO or FLNG operation is obtained. Originality/value The value of this paper is a fully coupled CFD method which is adopted to solve the coupling effects, showing the ability to do the work well. It gives a referenced detailed information of inner and outer fluid field. Meanwhile, it carried out the impact pressure and damping force around the ship, which indicates the practical information in operations.
One Year Mortality Rates of Tracheostomy Cases: Life after the Knife

Background: Long-term mortality of critically ill patients who undergo tracheostomies is not well known. Objective: To determine what percentage of patients remains alive after receiving tracheostomy after respiratory failure. Methods: We performed a single center, retrospective analysis of patients undergoing tracheotomies from our 986 bed tertiary care, urban, teaching, university hospital. With strict adherence to HIPAA rules, one year death data was collected by cross matching social security numbers and the death master file of the National Technical Information Service updated to March 2013. Using this government sponsored website, patients who died in sites outside of our institution were identified. Results: A total of 430 patients were identified and tracked based on their social security number. Only 74% of patients survived to discharge. There were no deaths attributable to the procedure itself such as bleeding, loss of airway, or surgical site infection. Overall survival at one year was 53%. Outcomes were worse for the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) subset of patients with only 46% of patients alive at one year. Neurologic Intensive Care Unit (NICU) patients did better at 59% survival. Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) patients did best at 63% survival. Surprisingly, 7% of patients died within one week of tracheostomy. Conclusion: Patients who receive a tracheostomy due to their critical illness often have poor long term survival. This mortality was not procedurally related, but appears to be a marker of underlying illness. This data is important to share with patients and family members as the decision is made to get informed consent for tracheostomy. Ricardo Restrepo1, Daron Kahn1, Pankaj Patel2, Bharat Awsare1 and Michael Baram1* 1Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Jefferson University Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA 2Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Jefferson University Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA One Year Mortality Rates of Tracheostomy Cases: Life after the Knife
Modeling of fluid flows and heat transfer with interface effects, from molecular interaction to porous media

Les objectifs de la these sont d'etudier le transport de fluide et le transfert de chaleur dans les pores micro et nanometriques. Les experiences et les simulations ont revele des preuves de l'augmentation du flux provoquee par la vitesse de glissement a la paroi solide. D'autre part, la resistance thermique finie a l'interface fluide-solide est responsable de la difference de temperature des deux phases. Ces deux phenomenes d'interface peuvent avoir un impact considerable sur la permeabilite et la diffusivite thermique des milieux poreux constitues de micro et nanopores. La contribution se concentre sur l'etude des trois problemes suivants. Premierement, nous examinons les effets de glissement des liquides confines dans un canal de grapheme en utilisant le formalisme de Green Kubo et la methode de la dynamique moleculaire. On montre que lorsque la surface solide est soumise a une contrainte mecanique uniaxiale, la friction presente une anisotropie due a la modification de l'energie potentielle et de la dynamique des molecules composant le fluide. Les formes moleculaires jouent egalement un role important sur les ecarts de frottement entre les deux directions principales. Deuxiemement, nous etudions le regime des gaz rarefies. Dans ce cas, la vitesse de glissement et le saut de temperature sont regis par les collisions entre les atomes de gaz et la paroi solide. Ces effets peuvent etre determines a l’aide d’un modele statistique qui peut etre construit a partir des vitesses incidente et reflechie des molecules de gaz. A cette fin, differentes methodes basees sur des techniques d'apprentissage statistique ont ete proposees. Enfin, la methode des elements finis est utilisee pour calculer la permeabilite et la diffusivite thermique des milieux poreux sous l'influence des effets d'interface
Sparse Variational Bayesian algorithms for large-scale inverse problems with applications in biomechanics

Accurate uncertainty quantification for model-based, large-scale inverse problems represents one of the fundamental challenges in the context of computational science and engineering. In this thesis, novel Bayesian methodologies for the quantification of parametric and model uncertainties are proposed. Their performance is demonstrated on problems in elastography where the identification of the mechanical properties of biological materials can significantly enhance non-invasive, medical diagnosis.
Clock Edge Timing Adjustment Techniques for Correction of Timing Mismatches in Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters

Time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters make use of parallelization to increase the rate at which an analog signal can be digitized. Using M channels at their maximum sampling frequency allows for an overall sampling frequency of M times the individual converters’ sampling rate. However, the performance of interleaved systems suffers from mismatches between the sub-converters. Offset mismatches, gain mismatches, and timing mismatches all contribute to the degradation of the resolution of the ADC system. Offset and gain mismatches can be corrected for in the digital domain with minimal extra processing. However, the effects of timing mismatches (specifically, the magnitude of the spurious tones that are introduced) are dependent on the frequency of the input, so digital correction is not a trivial task. This makes a circuit-based correction mechanism a much more desirable solution to the problem. This work explores the effect of timing mismatches on interleaved analog-todigital converter performance. A set of requirements is derived to specify the performance of a variable-delay circuit for the tuning of sample clocks. Since the mismatches can be composed of both fixed and random components, several candidate architectures are modeled for their delay and jitter performance. One candidate is selected for design, based on its jitter performance and on practical considerations. A practical implementation of the clock-adjustment circuit is designed, featuring low-noise differential clock paths with high precision delay adjustment. A means of testing the circuit and verifying the precision of adjustment is presented. The design is implemented for fabrication, and post-layout simulations are shown to demonstrate the feasibility and functionality of the design.
An application of a nonstandard cone to discrete boundary value problems with unbounded indefinite forcing

ABSTRACT We consider the summation equation in the setting in which f may change sign. In fact, by means of the nonlocal element in the above summation equation, we are able to guarantee existence of at least one positive solution even in the case where for each and, furthermore, where . We obtain this result by applying a nonstandard order cone and attendant open set. Finally, by choosing the maps γ and G in particular ways, we are able to relate positive solutions of the summation equation to positive solutions of discrete boundary value problems.
Alignment as an Alternative to Anchor Purification in DIF Analyses

Unbalanced differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when the items favoring group 1 are not balanced by items favoring group 2. This creates false differences in the total score used for matching examinee subgroups or inaccuracy in the scaling used to bring the groups to commensurable metrics. Historically, unbalanced DIF has been addressed by removing DIF items from the set of anchor items, often called purification. A recently developed alignment procedure minimizes the impact of the DIF items in scaling the groups without removing them. In this study, when the data followed a two-parameter model, the results using alignment or a purified anchor were generally comparable when the DIF was balanced or when the DIF was unbalanced but no more than 20% of the items contained DIF. With a larger percentage of unbalanced DIF, the alignment procedure yielded more accurate estimates of the group means and the magnitude of the DIF.