Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Out of Context, Beyond the Face: Neuroanatomical Pathways of Emotional Face-Body Language Integration in Adolescent Offenders

Background: Adolescent offenders (AOs) are characterized by social-norm transgression and aggressive behaviors. Those traits have been associated with alterations in socio-cognitive processes, including facial emotion recognition. While this would suggest that AOs tend to interpret negative emotional cues as threatening information, most research has relied on context-free stimuli, thus failing to directly track integrative processes typical of everyday cognition. Methods: In this study, we assessed the impact of body language and surrounding context on facial emotion recognition in AOs and non-offenders (NOs). We recruited 35 AOs from a reform school for young male offenders and 30 NOs matched for age and sex with the former group. All participants completed a well-validated task aimed to determine how contextual cues (i.e., emotional body language and surrounding context) influence facial emotion recognition through the use of congruent and incongruent combinations of facial and bodily emotional information. Results: This study showed that AOs tend to overvalue bodily and contextual signals in emotion recognition, with poorer facial-emotion categorization and increased sensitivity to context information in incongruent face-body scenarios. This pattern was associated with executive dysfunctions and disruptive behaviors, as well as with gray matter (GM) of brain regions supporting body-face recognition [fusiform gyrus (FG)], emotion processing [cingulate cortex (CC), superior temporal gyrus (STG)], contextual integration (precuneus, STG), and motor resonance [cerebellum, supplementary motor area (SMA)]. Discussion: Together, our results pave the way for a better understanding of the neurocognitive association between contextual emotion recognition, behavioral regulation, cognitive control, and externalized behaviors in AOs.
Demographic Determinants of Adoption of Technological Innovation

This paper empirically investigates the impact of demographics on individual's perception and adoption of technological innovation in workplaces in an Australian context. Data was collected using a structured study instrument. Findings suggest that employees' favorable attitude towards an innovation is translated into its adoption in workplace context. Training has emerged as the strongest predictor of both perception and usage of innovation followed by the education level of employees. These results imply that development of a positive attitude in employees is crucial in getting an innovation acceptable to employees. Educational attainment can also help develop a favorable attitude of employees towards an innovation. However, this favorable perception does not translate into actual acceptance of an innovation for workplace usage. These findings have implications for the effective management and implementation of an innovation at the organizational levels that are highlighted in the paper.
Inonotus sanghuang Polyphenols Attenuate Inflammatory Response Via Modulating the Crosstalk Between Macrophages and Adipocytes

Aims: Obesity is characterized as a chronic state of low-grade inflammation with progressive immune cell infiltration into adipose tissue. Adipose tissue macrophages play a critical role in the establishment of chronic inflammatory states and metabolic dysfunctions. Inonotus (I.) sanghuang and its extract polyphenols exhibit anti-carcinogenesis, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities. However, the action of I. sanghuang polyphenols in obesity-related inflammation has not been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory action of polyphenols from I. sanghuang extract (ISE) in macrophages and the interaction between macrophages and adipocytes. Materials and Methods: RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated with LPS or conditioned medium of hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes or cocultured with differentiated adipocytes in the presence of different doses of ISE. The inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by ELISA, the MAPK, NF-κB, and IL-6/STAT3 signals were determined by immunoblotting, and the migrated function of macrophages was determined by migration assay. Results: ISE suppressed the inflammatory mediators including NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 induced by either LPS or conditioned medium derived from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ISE also decreased the production of these inflammatory mediators in cocultures of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, ISE blocked RAW264.7 macrophages migration toward 3T3-L1 adipocytes in cocultures. Finally, this effect of ISE might be mediated via inhibiting ERK, p38, and STAT3 activation. Conclusions: Our findings indicate the possibility that ISE suppresses the interaction between macrophages and adipocytes, attenuates chronic inflammation in adipose tissue and improves obesity-related insulin resistance and complication, suggesting that ISE might be a valuable medicinal food effective in improving insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
Further correspondences between plane piezoelectricity and generalized plane strain in elasticity

We consider an anisotropic body bounded by a cylindrical surface. Suppose that the body is infinitely long in the axial direction and is loaded by boundary conditions which do not vary along the generator. We show that our previous correspondence relations between plane piezoelectricity and generalized plane strain in elasticity can be extended to a more general loading situation. This is accomplished by incorporating a constant axial strain and a uniform temperature change in the formulation. Specifically, we show that by setting a linkage of 21 elastic (electroelastic) constants and seven thermal quantities, the deformation of a general anisotropic elastic solid can be characterized by a certain deformation mode of a piezoelectric solid with identical geometry. Applied to inhomogeneous media, they imply that the correspondence also holds for effective tensors. The formulation suggests that, for a solid whose microstructure and fields are invariant with the x3-axis, the derivations can be much clarified if the constitutive equations are properly rearranged. Applied to two-phase fibrous composites, we demonstrate that several known exact relations can be reconstructed in a systematic manner based on the uniform field approach. These include Hill's universal relations, Levin's correspondence results between thermal and mechanical properties, and Rosen and Hashin's formula between specific heat and thermo-mechanical moduli.
Complexity of first-order inexact Lagrangian and penalty methods for conic convex programming

In this paper we present a complete iteration complexity analysis of inexact first-order Lagrangian and penalty methods for solving cone-constrained convex problems that have or may not have optimal Lagrange multipliers that close the duality gap. We first assume the existence of optimal Lagrange multipliers and study primal–dual first-order methods based on inexact information and augmented Lagrangian smoothing or Nesterov-type smoothing. For inexact (fast) gradient augmented Lagrangian methods, we derive an overall computational complexity of projections onto a simple primal set in order to attain an ε-optimal solution of the conic convex problem. For the inexact fast gradient method combined with Nesterov-type smoothing, we derive computational complexity projections onto the same set. Then, we assume that optimal Lagrange multipliers might not exist for the cone-constrained convex problem, and analyse the fast gradient method for solving penalty reformulations of the problem. For the fast gradient method combined with penalty framework, we also derive an overall computational complexity of projections onto a simple primal set to attain an ε-optimal solution for the original problem.
Safe and Efficient Implementation of a Security System on ARM using Intra-level Privilege Separation

Security monitoring has long been considered as a fundamental mechanism to mitigate the damage of a security attack. Recently, intra-level security systems have been proposed that can efficiently and securely monitor system software without any involvement of more privileged entity. Unfortunately, there exists no full intra-level security system that can universally operate at any privilege level on ARM. However, as malware and attacks increase against virtually every level of privileged software including an OS, a hypervisor, and even the highest privileged software armored by TrustZone, we have been motivated to develop an intra-level security system, named Hilps. Hilps realizes true intra-level scheme in all these levels of privileged software on ARM by elaborately exploiting a new hardware feature of ARM’s latest 64-bit architecture, called TxSZ, that enables elastic adjustment of the accessible virtual address range. Furthermore, Hilps newly supports the sandbox mechanism that provides security tools with individually isolated execution environments, thereby minimizing security threats from untrusted security tools. We have implemented a prototype of Hilps on a real machine. The experimental results demonstrate that Hilps is quite promising for practical use in real deployments.
Molecular Principles of Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Plasmodium Falciparum Infection

Malaria in pregnancy still constitutes a particular medical challenge in tropical and subtropical regions. Of the five Plasmodium species that are pathogenic to humans, infection with Plasmodium falciparum leads to fulminant progression of the disease with massive impact on pregnancy. Severe anemia of the mother, miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with reduced birth weight are frequent complications that lead to more than 10,000 maternal and 200,000 perinatal deaths annually in sub-Saharan Africa alone. P. falciparum can adhere to the placenta via the expression of the surface antigen VAR2CSA, which leads to sequestration of infected erythrocytes in the intervillous space. This process induces a placental inflammation with involvement of immune cells and humoral factors. Especially, monocytes get activated and change the release of soluble mediators, including a variety of cytokines. This proinflammatory environment contributes to disorders of angiogenesis, blood flow, autophagy, and nutrient transport in the placenta and erythropoiesis. Collectively, they impair placental functions and, consequently, fetal growth. The discovery that women in endemic regions develop a certain immunity against VAR2CSA-expressing parasites with increasing number of pregnancies has redefined the understanding of malaria in pregnancy and offers strategies for the development of vaccines. The following review gives an overview of molecular processes in P. falciparum infection in pregnancy which may be involved in the development of IUGR.
Support for Carers of Young People with Mental Illness

In this article, we show how a technology-mediated mental health therapy involving psycho-education, therapist moderators, and social networking can provide support for carers of young people with mental illness. This multi-faceted tool provides opportunities for users to adapt the system to their needs, leading us to refocus the goal of treatment adherence toward a relatively new phenomenon in HCI, concordance, which has not previously been examined in the HCI literature in relation to online mental-health tools. Concordance shares important links with the development of therapeutic alliance, which is centrally important to mental health therapy, and to Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which informed our approach to design. We present a three-month user study, which provides initial encouraging support for both the suitability of concordance as a lens for viewing user engagement and the idea that users can develop a therapeutic alliance with an online support system. This latter result is surprising as the phenomenon of therapeutic alliance generally describes a relationship between client and (human) clinician. Therapeutic alliance has previously been explored for face-to-face groups, and between individuals and online systems, but not for online groups. We show how even automated system behavior can encourage engagement from users and contribute to alliance formation, if the non-human parts of an online system are interactive. We argue that a design approach involving peer/moderator support as well as automated feedback, and which takes account of SDT, can provide support for therapeutic alliance.
Metabolite Profiles of the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Neurosyphilis Patients Determined by Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis

The mechanism underlying the stealth property of neurosyphilis is still unclear. Global metabolomics analysis can provide substantial information on energy metabolism, physiology and possible diagnostic biomarkers and intervention strategies for pathogens. To gain better understanding of the metabolic mechanism of neurosyphilis, we conducted an untargeted metabolomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 18 neurosyphilis patients and an identical number of syphilis/non-neurosyphilis patients and syphilis-free patients using the Agilent, 1290 Infinity LC system. The raw data were normalized and subjected to subsequent statistical analysis by MetaboAnalyst 4.0. Metabolites with a variable importance in projection (VIP) greater than one were validated by Student’s T-test. A total of 1,808 molecular features were extracted from each sample using XCMS software, and the peak intensity of each feature was obtained. Partial-least squares discrimination analysis provided satisfactory separation by comparing neurosyphilis, syphilis/non-neurosyphilis and syphilis-free patients. A similar trend was obtained in the hierarchical clustering analysis. Furthermore, several metabolites were identified as significantly different by Student’s T-test, including L-gulono-gamma-lactone, D-mannose, N-acetyl-L-tyrosine, hypoxanthine, and S-methyl-5′-thioadenosine. Notably, 87.369-fold and 7.492-fold changes of N-acetyl-L-tyrosine were observed in neurosyphilis patients compared with syphilis/non-neurosyphilis patients and syphilis-free patients. These differential metabolites are involved in overlapping pathways, including fructose and mannose metabolism, lysosomes, ABC transporters, and galactose metabolism. Several significantly expressed metabolites were identified in CSF from neurosyphilis patients, including L-gulono-gamma-lactone, D-mannose, N-acetyl-L-tyrosine, and hypoxanthine. These differential metabolites could potentially improve neurosyphilis diagnostics in the future. The role of these differential metabolites in the development of neurosyphilis deserves further exploration.
Dissection of Pleiotropic QTL Regions Controlling Wheat Spike Characteristics Under Different Nitrogen Treatments Using Traditional and Conditional QTL Mapping

Optimal spike characteristics are critical in improving the sink capacity and yield potential of wheat even in harsh environments. However, the genetic basis of their response to nitrogen deficiency is still unclear. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for six spike-related traits, including heading date (HD), spike length (SL), spikelet number (SN), spike compactness (SC), fertile spikelet number (FSN), and sterile spikelet number (SSN), were detected under two different nitrogen (N) supplies, based on a high-density genetic linkage map constructed by PCR markers, DArTs, and Affymetrix Wheat 660 K SNP chips. A total of 157 traditional QTLand 54 conditional loci were detected by inclusive composite interval mapping, among which three completely low N-stress induced QTL for SN and FSN (qSn-1A.1, qFsn-1B, and qFsn-7D) were found to maintain the desired spikelet fertility and kernel numbers even under N deficiency through pyramiding elite alleles. Twenty-eight stable QTL showing significant differencet in QTL detection model were found and seven genomic regions (R2D, R4A, R4B, R5A, R7A, R7B, and R7D) clustered by these stable QTL were highlighted. Among them, the effect of R4B on controlling spike characteristics might be contributed from Rht-B1. R7A harboring three major stable QTL (qSn-7A.2, qSc-7A, and qFsn-7A.3) might be one of the valuable candidate regions for further genetic improvement. In addition, the R7A was found to show syntenic with R7B, indicating the possibly exsting homoeologous candidate genes in both regions. The SNP markers involved with the above highlighted regions will eventually facilitate positional cloning or marker-assisted selection for the optimal spike characteristics under various N input conditions.
Learning Choreography: An Investigation of Motor Imagery, Attentional Effort, and Expertise in Modern Dance

The study of choreography in dance offers researchers an intriguing window on the relationship between expertise, imagination, and attention in the creative process of learning new movements. The present study investigated an unresolved issue in this field – namely, the effects of expertise on motor imagery (MI; or the mental rehearsal of actions without engaging in the actual movements involved) and attentional effort (as measured by pupil dilation) on dancers while they engaged in the processes of learning, performing, and imagining a dance movement. Participants were 18 female dancers (mean age = 23, SD = 5.85) comprising three experience levels (i.e., novice, intermediate and expert performers) in this field. Data comprised these participants’ MI scores as well as their pupil dilation while they learned, performed, and imagined a 15 s piece of choreography. In addition, the time taken both to perform and to imagine the choreography were recorded. Results showed no significant effect of dance expertise on MI but some differences between beginners and intermediate dancers in attentional effort (pupil dilation) at the start of the performance and the imagined movement conditions. Specifically, the beginners had the highest pupil dilation, with the experts having the second highest, while intermediates had the lowest dilation. Further analysis suggested that the novice dancers’ pupil dilation at the start of the performance may have been caused, in part, by the initial mental effort required to assess the cognitive demands of the dance task.
Dendritic Cell Responses and Function in Malaria

Malaria remains a serious threat to global health. Sustained malaria control and, eventually, eradication will only be achieved with a broadly effective malaria vaccine. Yet a fundamental lack of knowledge about how antimalarial immunity is acquired has hindered vaccine development efforts to date. Understanding how malaria-causing parasites modulate the host immune system, specifically dendritic cells (DCs), key initiators of adaptive and vaccine antigen-based immune responses, is vital for effective vaccine design. This review comprehensively summarizes how exposure to Plasmodium spp. impacts human DC function in vivo and in vitro. We have highlighted the heterogeneity of the data observed in these studies, compared and critiqued the models used to generate our current understanding of DC function in malaria, and examined the mechanisms by which Plasmodium spp. mediate these effects. This review highlights potential research directions which could lead to improved efficacy of existing vaccines, and outlines novel targets for next-generation vaccine strategies to target malaria.
Nasal Resistome Development in Infants With Cystic Fibrosis in the First Year of Life

Polymicrobial infections of the respiratory tract due to antibiotic resistant bacteria are a great concern in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We therefore aimed at establishing a functional metagenomic method to analyze the nasal resistome in infants with CF within the first year of life. We included samples from patients before antibiotic treatment, which allowed obtaining information regarding natural status of the resistome. In total, we analyzed 130 nasal swabs from 26 infants with CF and screened for β-lactams (ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and cefuroxime) and other classes of antibiotic resistances (tetracycline, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). For 69 swabs (53% of total), we found at least one non-susceptible phenotype. Analyses of the inserts recovered from non-susceptible clones by nanopore MinION sequencing revealed a large reservoir of resistance genes including mobile elements within the antibiotic naïve samples. Comparing the data of the resistome with the microbiota composition showed that the bacterial phyla and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the microbiota rather than the antibiotic treatment were associated with the majority of non-susceptible phenotypes in the resistome. Future studies will reveal if characterization of the resistome can help in clinical decision-making in patients with CF.
Grit as Predictor of Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment in Spain

Extending the growing literature on the role of grit in different life domains, this research explores the relationship between grit and involvement in entrepreneurship. The research highlights the role of personal income and satisfaction with one’s current financial situation as moderators of the relationship between grit and entrepreneurial behavior. Using a large representative sample of Spanish young adults and controlling for a number of potential confounding variables, we find that grit is modestly negatively related to the probability of involvement in entrepreneurship. As predicted, however, this relationship is qualified by both income and satisfaction with current financial situation, though in opposite directions and more weakly for satisfaction with financial status. Gritty individuals with higher levels of income are more prone to become entrepreneurs than gritty individuals with lower levels of income. Gritty individuals with lower levels of satisfaction with their financial situation are more likely to set up a business or become self-employed.
CONCEPT: A Column-Oriented Memory Controller for Efficient Memory and PIM Operations in RRAM

While DRAM cannot easily scale below a 20-nm technology node, RRAM suffers far less from scalability issues. Moreover, RRAM's resistivity enables its use for processing-in-memory (PIM), potentially alleviating the von Neumann bottleneck. Unfortunately, because of technological idiosyncrasies, existing DRAM-centric memory controllers cannot exploit the full potential of resistive RAM (RRAM). In this paper, we present the design of a memory controller called CONCEPT. The controller is optimized to exploit unique properties of RRAM to enhance its performance and energy efficiency as well as exploiting RRAM's PIM capability. We show that with CONCEPT, RRAM can achieve DRAM-like performance and energy efficiency on SPEC CPU 2006 benchmarks. Furthermore, using RRAM PIM capabilities, we show a 5× performance gain on a data-intensive in-memory database workload compared to a state-of-the-art CPU-memory computing model.