Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coseismic and Quaternary vertical tectonic movements, Santo and Malekula Islands, New Hebrides Island Arc

where ridges on the north and south flanks of the d'Entrecasteaux fracture zone, a major bathymetric feature on the underthrusting plate, intersect the arc. Each of these tectonic discontinuities approximately coincides with one end of the rupture zone inferred . for a shallow thrust-type earthquake sequence in 1965. The discontinuity across Santo also nearly coincides with the south end of the rupture zone inferred for another earthquake sequence in 1973-1974. Uplift of north Malekula, imposed during the 1965 ' earthquakes, was recorded by emergence of shallow water corals and closely resembles the uplift pattern shown by reef terraces on the lo3 to lo5 years time scale. Uplift of south Santo that occurred in recent years, possibly 1965, also resembles the long-term uplift pattern of that island. These observations indicate that the subducting topography of the d'Entrecasteaux fracture zone has controlled segmentation of the central New Hebrides arc both in terms of seismicity on the 10' years time scale and deformation on the IO5 years time scale. Plausible models for buried thrusr faults can be made to account for the 1965 uplift pattern. However, there are reasons why a simple elastic dislocation model may be misleading. For example, (1) the uplift data do not adequately constrain the model so that unique fault parameters need be chosen, (2) the block-controlled uplift pattern may interfere with a simple elastic response to faulting, and (3) possible movement on surface faults in north Malekula may have affected the displacement pattern. The upper plate in the Santo-Malekula area might best be viewed as a series of loosely coupled blocks whose movements are dominated by underthrusting of rugged topography on the descending plate. Given the Holocene uplift rates for Malekula and the 1965 example of coseismic uplift, it is possible to consider possible recurrence intervals for earthquakes of the same magnitude and uplift as that of 1965. Many assumptions are inherent in this estimate, but it offers valuable perspective. On Malekula, where there was 1.2 m of uplift in 1965, the Holocene uplift rate is 3.5 m/1000 years. Therefore, every 340 years, there must be 1.2 m of uplift to maintain such an average uplift rate. Interseismic recovery of coseismic uplift could shorten considerably the recurrence interval required to maintain this uplift rate. The convergence rate of 11 cm/yr at the New Hebrides arc implies fault slip of 37 m per 340 years. Since this amount of slip is unlikely for the 1965 earthquakes or their predecessors, either some aseismic slip or a seismic recurrence interval of less than 340 years is suspected.
21-century learning skills revisited - a conceptual paper on leaving 'gaps' and going deep

This paper revisits the 21st-century learning skills (21CLS) and discusses the need to leave 'gaps' in the curriculum while pursuing chosen topics more in-depth. The paper suggests ways to choose both 'gaps' and in-depth topics; furthermore, the paper investigates relevant technologies for bridging the gaps and for going deep. The paper discusses the connection between 'Das Exemplarische Prinzip' (exemplary teaching) and what may be interpreted to be the initial thoughts behind the formulation of the 21CLS presented in the document 'A Nation at Risk'. The two concepts are separated by three decades (1951 'Tübinger resolution -1981 'A Nation at Risk'). However, they share the same conviction that not every bit of knowledge available can be taught/learned and, furthermore, that some knowledge is more important than other. We wish to revisit this notion because we believe that the advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the automation of increasingly complex processes in our everyday lives will influence education. This indicates that we may need to adjust the topicand activity-selection principles that teachers and curriculum developers deploy to select what to teach and what to outsource to networked learning and digital learning materials. The discourse of the 21CLS seems to have materialised into a specific practice in Denmark, a practice that embraces programming exercises (Dot/Dash, LEGO Mindstorms, Scratch, Python etc.), tinkering with electronics, playing computer games, 3D printing and Laser cutting in workshops called 'Maker spaces'. The 21CLS, in a Danish context, are distilled into; Collaboration, Critical Thinking, Creativity, Communication (the 4Cs). In our research and in the development projects in schools we have taken part in, we have the positive experience that the way the 21CLS are practiced in a Danish context gave some pupils a sense of pride in their products and that some pupils acted more as designers of solutions for real problems than as pupils doing school work. On a more negative note, the 21CLS activities may come across as isolated events with little connection to curriculum or exams. Finally, we raise the discussion of how Teacher Education can develop a practice that incorporates the convictions of the 21CLS in other ways. We suggest a focus on technology that supports dialogue and reflection and bridges both knowledge 'gaps' and time and space 'gaps'. Furthermore, we suggest learning designs that revisit 21CLS as a framework for learning to learn.
Effect of Precipitation on Cryogenic Toughness of N-Containing Austenitic Stainless Steels After Aging

This chapter shows the effect of intergranular precipitation on the cryogenic toughness of N-containing austenitic stainless steels in comparison to that for 316-type austenitic stain less steels. First part of the chapter deals with the thermodynamic stability and growth kinetics of the precipitated phases in the austenite matrix based on Thermo-Calc soft -ware. To continue, the experimental evolution of precipitation for N-containing steels is compared to that of 316-type steel and the difference between them are explained based on the Thermo-Calc PRISMA-calculated results. Finally, the effect of intergranular pre - cipitation on the cryogenic fracture toughness is also analyzed using Charpy V-Notch impact test results. The fracture mode is also related to the precipitation characteristics.
Financial Literacy and Retirement Planning in Switzerland

We use a representative survey covering 1,500 households to document the level of financial literacy in Switzerland and to examine how financial literacy is related to retirement planning. We measure financial literacy with standardized questions that capture knowledge about three basic financial concepts: Compound interest, inflation, and risk diversification. We measure retirement planning by the incidence of a voluntary retirement savings account. Our results show that financial literacy in Switzerland is high by international standards--a result which is compatible with the high ranking of Switzerland on the PISA mathematical scales. Financial literacy is lower among low-income, less-educated, and immigrant, non-native-speaking households as well as among women. We find that financial literacy is strongly correlated with voluntary retirement saving. Our results also show that financial literacy is correlated with financial market participation and mortgage borrowing.
Health behaviours in emerging adulthood: Their relationship with perceived maternal and paternal parental attitudes and the mediating role of self-efficacy

results We found that that female participants exhibited healthier eating habits but lower self-efficacy than male participants did. Accepting and autonomy granting maternal and paternal parental attitudes predicted a positive health attitude (of both male and female participants), preventive behaviours (of male participants), and healthy eating habits (of male participants). As predicted, emerging adults’ self-efficacy mediated the relationship between their health behaviours and perceived parental attitudes. However, the mediation patterns were different for female and male participants.
Estimation of Salt Tolerance Degree in some Selected Wheat Genotypes by Using Detection of Salt Tolerant Gene (TaSTK) and its Expression Under Salinity Conditions

Molecular studies were carried out to detect salt tolerance gene (TaSTK) and estimate their expression in two selected cultivars (Dijilla and Furat) and one genotype (N3) of wheat under salinity condition (0, 15, 25 ds/m) as compared with salt sensitive cultivar (Tamooze-2). These cultivars and genotype were selected through plant breeding programs. The cDNA and gene amplification method used for this detection. Real-time PCR sybergreen method used to estimate the CT values and gene expression. The gene band length is 150 bp which appeared only in the selected materials (salt tolerance), while this gene absent in the salt sensitive culture (Tamooze-2). Amount and expression of TaSTK gene to be enhanced under salt conditions, and the degree of salt related enhancement was greatly only in salt-tolerant materials. Excess expression and amount of the TaSTK gene were at high salinity levels. At all salinity levels also the results showed that the amount and expression of this gene were proximately similar in all selected materials by contrast, there were no amount and expression of this gene in sensitive culture (local cultivar).
Synergistic favorable effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and statin on atherosclerosis

Background and Aims: Combination of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) are known to be an effective therapy for cardiovascular diseases, however, their biological roles in the favorable effect on adverse event have not been studied well. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of EPA and statins focusing on plaque formation in a rabbit plaque model. Methods: Rabbit carotid artery was injured with a balloon followed by feeding with a normal diet for 4 w and then with a high-cholesterol diet for 4 w. The rabbits were either received pitavastatin alone, EPA alone, combination (pitavastatin+EPA) or vehicle (control) for 4 w with a high-cholesterol diet. The injured carotid arteries were harvested and analysed morphometrically and immunohistochemically. Results: In control group, smooth muscle cells were located on the luminal side of the plaque and lipidrich macrophages accumulated in the center of the plaque expressing Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), Tissue Factor (TF), and NF-kB, those are characteristic of unstable plaques. In contrast, EPA reduced the expression of TF and NF-kB and increased the expression of PPAR-α in the plaque. Pitavastatin also reduced the expression of MMP-9, TF, and NF-kB, but not PPAR-α in the plaque. Combination of pitavastatin and EPA significantly reduced the expression of MMP-9, TF, and NF-kB increasing the expression of PPAR-α resulting in the inhibition of intimal hyperplasia and plaque formation in carotid arteries. Conclusions: Pitavastatin and EPA synergistically played a role for inhibitory effect on plaque formation decreasing the expression of inflammation-related molecules and increasing the expression of PPAR-α in injured artery.
Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the vase life of cut carnation, Delphinium and sweet pea flowers

Summary The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the vase life of cut carnation, Delphinium and sweet pea flowers, which are typical ethylene-sensitive flowers, were compared with that of silver thiosulfate complex (STS). Treatment with 1-MCP doubled the vase life of cut carnations, and significantly extended the vase life of cut Delphinium. The effect of 1-MCP, however, was slightly weaker than that of STS in carnations and much weaker than that of STS in Delphinium. Treatment with 1-MCP markedly extended the vase life of cut sweet pea as did that with STS.
Design and analysis of multifrequency Wilkinson power dividers using nonuniform transmission lines

In this article, based on nonuniform transmission lines, the design of compact multifrequency Wilkinson power dividers (WPDs) is presented. This is accomplished by replacing the quarter‐wave uniform transmission lines in the conventional WPD by multiband nonuniform transmission line transformers (NTLTs). The design of these NTLTs is performed under the even mode analysis of the WPD. A single isolation resistor is used between the two output ports whose value is determined using the simple odd mode analysis of the WPD. For verification purposes, a triple‐frequency WPD and a quad‐frequency WPD are designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured. The results of the full‐wave simulations and the measurements verify the validity of the design procedure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2011.
SIGNATURES OF STAR CLUSTER FORMATION BY COLD COLLAPSE

Subvirial gravitational collapse is one mechanism by which star clusters may form. Here we investigate whether this mechanism can be inferred from observations of young clusters. To address this question, we have computed smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of the initial formation and evolution of a dynamically young star cluster through cold (subvirial) collapse, starting with an ellipsoidal, turbulently seeded distribution of gas, and forming sink particles representing (proto)stars. While the initial density distributions of the clouds do not have large initial mass concentrations, gravitational focusing due to the global morphology leads to cluster formation. We use the resulting structures to extract observable morphological and kinematic signatures for the case of subvirial collapse. We find that the signatures of the initial conditions can be erased rapidly as the gas and stars collapse, suggesting that kinematic observations need to be made early in cluster formation and/or at larger scales, away from the growing cluster core. Our results emphasize that a dynamically young system is inherently evolving on short timescales, so that it can be highly misleading to use current-epoch conditions to study aspects such as star formation rates as a function of local density. Our simulations serve as a starting point for further studies of collapse including other factors such as magnetic fields and stellar feedback.
Service Quality Perceptions, Online Visibility, and Business Performance in Rural Lodging Establishments

In the tourism industry, most customer feedback and searches for relevant information take place online. Therefore, it is important to improve understanding of the business consequences of both customers’ online comments and businesses’ online visibility. For this study, the authors collected comments and visibility data (advertising expenditures) from a leading rural tourism infomediary website, related to 408 French rural lodging establishments. A complementary survey provided information about the lodging establishments’ performance (reputation and profitability). The results reveal that tourists’ positive perceptions of global service quality, as reflected in their comments, depend on their dual perceptions of the lodging and the surroundings. In turn, positive global service quality perceptions and visibility on an infomediary website positively affect business performance. These findings have implications for tourism scholars, as well as for establishment owners trying to track the factors that affect tourists’ evaluations of their service provision.
Accessory Hepatic Artery Arising from Celiac Trunk: An Incidence in a Thai Cadaver

Un conocimiento exhaustivo de los patrones vasculares del higado, asi como sus posibles variaciones anatomicas son importantes en la planificacion y realizacion de todos los procedimientos quirurgicos hepaticos para evitar comprometer la vascularizacion y posible necrosis del parenquima despues de la cirugia. El tronco celiaco, por lo general, proporciona tres ramas: gastrica izquierda, esplenica y arteria hepatica comun. Las arterias hepaticas izquierda y derecha en general derivan de la arteria hepatica propia, que es una rama de la arteria hepatica comun. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la incidencia de distribucion del tronco celiaco mediante la documentacion de patrones de ramificacion en 23 cadaveres de Tailandia (17 hombres y 6 mujeres). El estudio se efectuo durante la diseccion de rutina realizada por los estudiantes de medicina en el Departamento de Anatomia de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Naresuan, Tailandia. Se observaron las variaciones clinicamente importantes del tronco celiaco. Los resultados mostraron que todos los troncos celiacos surgieron desde la aorta a nivel de la vertebra T12 (17,39%, 4 casos), a nivel del disco intervertebral entre T12 y L1 vertebra (78,26%, 18 casos) y a nivel del tercio superior de la vertebra L1 (4,35%, 1 caso). Encontramos un 95,65% (22 casos) de troncos celiacos normales, es decir, con trifurcacion; mientras que un 4,35% (1 caso) era anormal, con 4 ramos terminales. La arteria hepatica accesoria (AHA) se presento como una rama accesoria del tronco celiaco, ya que existia un patron convencional de las arterias hepaticas izquierda y derecha. Este hallazgo representa una de las raras variaciones anatomicas informada en la literatura. El conocimiento del tronco celiaco y sus ramas aberrantes son importantes en procedimientos como el trasplante hepatico, la anastomosis y una ligadura vascular adecuada.
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SOME BARLEY GENOTYPES FOR NET BLOTCH DISEASE RESISTANCE USING RAPD, SCOT AND SSR MARKERS

To evaluate the resistance of some barley genotypes for net blotch disease and grain yield and its related traits, twenty genotypes (12 local varieties and 8 exotic lines) of barley were used. Expression of severity to foliar infection varied between the evaluated genotypes, Giza 117 and Giza 2000 appeared the highest infection response, Giza 123, Giza 124, Giza 126 and Giza 131 were moderately susceptible, while the other genotypes ranged between resistant to moderately resistant. Line 81 and Line 91 proved to be most resistant genotypes for net blotch. Moreover, Giza 133 and line 91 showed superiority in grain yield values over all the tested barley genotypes and high resistance reaction for net blotch disease. Genetic variability and relationships among the used barley genotypes were evaluated by using five RAPD primers, three SCoT primers and eight SSR primer pairs. A high degree of polymorphism was detected with the three types of DNA markers which recorded 70.83, 77.42 and 72.5%, respectively. Alleles number ranged from 8 to 15, 9 to 12 and 2 to 8 per primer, with averages of 9.6, 10.33 and 5 per RAPD, SCoT and SSR primers, respectively. The highest percentage of genetic similarity as revealed by combined RAPD, SCoT and SSR data was found between line 81 and line 91 (90.7%), while the lowest similarity percentage was detected between Giza 124 and line 46 (65.2%). Giza 134 and Line 9 genotypes were resistant for net blotch disease while they gave positive genotype-specific markers with RAPD and SCoT analyses. Only Giza 123 genotype gave a positive genotype-specific marker using SSR analysis. Therefore, these genotype-specific markers could be considered as a molecular marker for net blotch disease response under similar conditions.
Helping students beeome aeeurate, expressive readers: Flueney instruetion for small groups

Ensuring that students become fluent readers is one of the major goals of reading instruction (Kuhn & Stahl, 2003; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000). One reason for its importance is that fluent readers no longer have to intentionally decode the majority of words they encounter in a text. Instead, they can recognize words both automatically and accurately. A second, and equally important, reason is that fluent readers are able to read texts with expression or prosody. It is this combination of accuracy, automadcity, and prosody that makes oral reading sound like spoken language. Finally, it is becoming increasingly apparent that fluency plays an important role in terms of a reader's ability to construct meaning from text, the ultimate goal of reading instruction.
The kinematics of musical expression in the spatiotemporal dimension

During performance, musicians are known to move their bodies in rhythmic and expressive displays. Buck, MacRitchie, and Bailey’s intriguing article aims to show that these visual gestures reflect a musician’s expressive interpretation of the composition and underlying phrasal structure. I briefly discuss three issues that may be taken into account when interpreting musicians’ reported movements. First, performers’ movements were interpreted as reflecting ancillary movements that are not associated with sound generation. However, these movements may not be as dissociable from sound-producing motor movements as is suggested. Second, differences in performers’ movements may be interpreted in the context of individual differences in expressive timing of expert musicians. Third, the periodic nature of performers’ motion profiles may lend themselves to frequency-based analyses that may reveal an underlying musical ‘pulse’ or pulses of the performer.
Effect of Agronomic Practices on the Aggregate Stability and Organic Carbon of soil (Case study: the Northern of Aq Qala)

Soil is accounted as a large sink for the atmospheric carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide emission from soil will increase by operations such as land-use change, biomass and fuel combustion, industrial production as well as tillage. Operations like tillage could accordingly intensify the soil biological activity, which per se leads to more carbon emission to atmosphere. Thus, utilizing the methods of seedbed preparation that cause low soil disturbances (conservation tillage) will prevent carbon emissions from the soil to the atmosphere; that in turn increases the content of soil organic matter; consequently, soil aggregate stability improves, against erosive factors. The research aims to assess the effects of different tillage systems (no-tillage, low tillage and conventional tillage) on the organic accumulation and the aggregate stability of the soil. The appropriate soil management and farming practices could exert a great positive influence upon crop yield. The study area is located in the eastern of Aq Qala, Iran. Three treatments of tillage systems, namely, traditional management, no-tillage and low tillagehave been examined in the study area in three replicates, based on the randomized complete block design (RCB ). In each tillage system, 10 soil samples of about 0.5 kg (wet) weight for each sample (totally 30 soil samples) were taken from two soil depths (0-25 and 25-40 cm) using a 4 cm diameter Edelman auger. Some physicochemical properties of soil such as total soil organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, and mean weight diameter were measured. Tillage systems did not have any positive effects on soil organic matter (SOM) at two different soil depths (0-25 and 25-40 cm). However, the results showed that no-till system significantly (P>0.05) increased the SOM content of the total measured soil layer (0-40 cm) in comparison with other tillage systems. There is no significant difference in the effects of soil tillage managements on soil bulk density. Moreover, all these three soil tillage systems caused nonsignificant change on soil aggregate stability against erosive factors.