Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Executive Migration and Spin-offs on Incumbent Firms

If spin-offs are founded on intellectual capital accumulated at the parent firms,they could be potentially harmful to those firms. However, similar effects on parent firms? performance could be expected for executive migration to rivals. Exploiting a comprehensive Danish linked employer-employee database, we investigate how spin-off and executive migration to rivals affect parent firms? hazard of exit, sales growth and employment growth. We find negative performance effects from executive migration independent on where employees go to. While departures of top employees to found spin-offs have negative effects on parent firm performance, the effect is not significantly different from top employees who resign to competing incumbent firms. All effects decrease over time, but parent firms recover faster from spin-off migration. We study this using different methods, including matched models adjusting for parent firm heterogeneity.
The comparative efficacy and safety of biologics for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and metaanalysis.

OBJECTIVE Biologics are an important therapeutic option for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, they are associated with rare but severe adverse events such as serious infections, lymphoma, or chronic heart failure. In addition, dosing regimens and routes of administration differ substantially among biologics. In a systematic review, we assessed the comparative efficacy and safety of biologic agents for RA. METHODS We searched electronic databases up to May 2006. We limited evidence to controlled trials for efficacy but included observational evidence for safety. Outcomes of interest were clinical response, radiographic progression, and quality of life. Given the paucity of head-to-head evidence, we conducted adjusted, indirect comparisons of placebo-controlled trials. RESULTS Twenty-six controlled trials provided efficacy data; 18 additional studies assessed safety. The only evidence directly comparing 2 biologic agents was a nonrandomized, open-label trial that found no differences in effectiveness and safety between etanercept and infliximab. Adjusted indirect comparisons indicate no significant differences in efficacy between anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs. However, anti-TNF drugs appear to be more efficacious than anakinra, although not all comparisons reached statistical significance. Because of the lack of sound longterm safety data, evidence is insufficient to draw firm conclusions about the comparative safety of biologics. CONCLUSION Anti-TNF drugs appear to be more efficacious than anakinra but do not differ significantly among each other. Clinical considerations such as comorbidities, route of administration, dosing regimens, and specific side effect profiles may guide the choice of an anti-TNF drug.
Alignment of Human Competencies with Mobile Phone Technology and Business Strategies by Women‐LED SMEs in South Africa

Women‐led SMEs are faced with challenges that inhibit the performance of their businesses. By aligning their human competencies, mobile phone technology and the appropriate business strategy, they can steer their businesses to better performance. However, there is a scarcity of studies providing insight into how they can achieve this. Given the existence of the interplay between human competencies, mobile technology and business strategy, the perspective of alignment as Gestalts was adopted to determine the best way women‐led SMEs may align these three aspects. Data was collected from 70 women‐led SMEs in four provinces in South Africa and analysed using cluster analysis. Of the four clusters that emerged, one performed highly. This study contributes to theory by showing the value of Gestalts theory in assessing the configuration and patterns of organisational variables; and to practice, by providing insight into ways women‐led SMEs can combine these three variables to achieve high business performance.
Immunohistochemical analysis of the progression of flat and papillary preneoplastic lesions in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinogenesis in hepatolithiasis

Background: Two types of precursor lesions, flat‐type ‘biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN)’ and papillary‐type ‘intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB)’, are proposed in the tumorigenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) in hepatolithiasis.
Subject and object markings in conversational Korean

This dissertation investigates the case markers ka and lul in Korean from an empirical perspective. Korean is a well-known nominative-accusative language in which the subject and object are marked by the post-nominal particles ka and lul respectively. As has long been observed, the subject and object are not always overtly marked by these particles, particularly in informal spoken Korean. In fact, the presence or absence of these particles has instigated much debate as to whether or not they are case markers, and this is still disputable. Despite many studies examining the structural properties of the case markers, there are very few studies investigating them from an empirical perspective. The case markers cannot be explained solely from structural perspectives, and discourse-based observations should also be considered in the discussion of the structural properties of the case markers. I propose two discourse-pragmatic factors, namely processing load and informational prominence, for their analysis. The earlier part of the dissertation introduces several issues that are related to the so-called case markers ka and lul, and presents the issues that are pertaining to this dissertation, e.g., when the case markers do and do not overtly occur in a clause. The later part of the dissertation discusses the data and the factors used for the analysis of the case markers in Korean. Throughout the dissertation, the observations made for the case markers in Korean were compared to those in Japanese in an attempt to delineate the differences between the two languages. In this dissertation, approximately five hours of informal two-party conversations were used for the investigation of the presence and absence of the case markers in Korean. I proposed several individual factors that are related to either processing load or informational prominence or to both. The two discourse-pragmatic factors that are used for the discussion of the case markers well capture the presence and absence of such markers, i.e., ka and lul tend to overtly occur in a clause when the subject and
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Ten cases treated by Mohs micrographic surgery.

BACKGROUND Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a slow-growing, nondescript, locally aggressive, deeply infiltrating neoplasm histologically characterized by an infiltrative pattern of basaloid or squamous cells, a desmoplastic stromal reaction, keratin-filled cysts, and glandular structures. OBJECTIVE Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is uncommon and may be mistaken microscopically for other benign and malignant entities. Perineural or intraneural involvement by tumor cells is characteristic and extension into underlying structures including muscle, fat, and bone are frequently encountered. Although local recurrences are common after standard surgical excision, metastases have not been reported. Extensive resections of lesions may be necessary to extirpate widespread tumor, particularly those that are long standing or recurrent. Because significantly increased morbidity is associated with recurrent disease, surgical and histopathologic techniques that stress examination of all margins are advantageous. METHODS We review the course of 10 patients with microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the face (six primary and four recurrent lesions) and their treatment by Mohs micrographic surgery.
Eating disorders “mental health literacy”: an introduction

No doubt there are many things that readers of this journal would not agree upon. What constitutes ‘‘evidence-based treatment’’, how best to revise classification schemes, and the priority given to prevention, early intervention and treatment approaches to mental health improvement, are some examples. One thing that I hope all readers can agree upon, however, is that community knowledge and understanding of mental health problems is not as good as it should be. Community knowledge and understanding of eatingdisordered behavior may be particularly poor. Reasons for this likely include the fact that certain eating disorders, such as binge eating disorder, are relatively new to the psychiatric nomenclature and the fact that certain eating disorder behaviors, such as extreme dietary restriction and excessive exercise, have strongly ego-syntonic properties. The goal of this contribution is to introduce readers to a field of research that I believe has promise in redressing this situation, namely, ‘‘mental health literacy’’. After outlining the origins of the mental health literacy paradigm, I shall do my best to explain why its application to eating-disordered behavior has merit and how research in this field might be progressed.
Mandatory vs Voluntary Payment for Green Electricity

Renewable energy sources have a critical role to play in contributing to the diversity, sustainability and security of energy supplies. The main objectives of the paper is to gain an understanding of UK households' preferences for the type of mechanism that is used to support renewables. Two self-designed contingent valuation method (CVM) surveys are used to explore whether the type of payment option has an impact on households' willingness to pay for increasing share of renewable energy in electricity generation. The paper also investigates whether the type of payment mode affects respondents' self-reported certainty of paying their stated valuations.The results indicate that the likelihood of paying a positive amount for supporting renewable energy is higher under a mandatory scheme compared to a voluntary payment option in the UK. Respondents have a higher level of certainty in paying their stated WTP under a mandatory payment scheme.
Role of Social Relations of Outside Directors with CEO in Earnings Management

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social relations among the board members on earnings management in Pakistani listed companies. Specifically, we have analyzed the social networks between CEO and outside board members. The modified Jones model has been used in this study to measure earnings management and we have captured social relations through SOCIAL (Social networking index). Our results suggest that firms with more connected boards show a positive relationship between board independence and earnings management. Further, we have shown that firms with CEO duality exhibit a higher association between social connections of the board and earnings management than firms with non-duality. Social relations among the board members undermine monitoring ability of outside directors and the impact becomes more severe in the presence of CEO duality.
Distributed Cognitive Radio Spectrum Access with Imperfect Sensing Using CTMC

Cognitive radio (CR) has become an efficient approach for the utilization of scarce spectrum by enabling spectrum access in an opportunistic manner. With increasing wireless network service providers, users, and applications, it is indispensable to optimize usage of even parts of the spectrum that are licensed. Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) is an approach which facilitates the opportunistic use of licensed spectra, when they are idle. In this paper, a primary prioritized distributed DSA algorithm using continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) model is proposed. In a distributed scheme, each secondary user needs to be aware of the statistics—arrival and service rates—of the other secondary users to optimize the throughput while maintaining fairness. A heuristics-based approach is formulated making use of the estimated spectrum idle probability and the interference each user experiences to iteratively update user statistics. This framework is also extended to incorporate the effects of imperfect spectrum sensing in the form of misdetection and false alarms. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm attains an overall throughput that is better than CSMA when the primary user spectrum utilization is around 45%. The degradation in throughput caused by imperfect sensing over perfect sensing is also analyzed.
A Study of Firm Location to Examine Disclosures and Governance Using a Dual Approach: Quantitative Analysis Based upon the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Qualitative Analysis of the Annual Report’s Management Discussion and Analysis

The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the effect of U.S. firms’ geographic location, whether urban or rural, on their corporate disclosure and governance practices. An “urban” firm is one that is headquartered in a large metropolitan area; whereas, a “rural” firm is one that is headquartered some distance from any metropolitan area. Specifically, the study examines whether there are different stock market reactions to urban and rural firms around key event dates relative to the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) on July 30, 2002. Also, the readability and linguistic style in the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) section of public company’s annual reports (Form 10-K) to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) are investigated to determine whether urban and rural firms communicate information differently to investors.
Job Satisfaction in Trade Sector: Evidence from the Retailers in the Largest Supermarkets of the Western Balkans

The paper analyses the job satisfaction in the trade sector as an important component of a comprehensive social and socially responsible employment policy in the Western Balkans. The aim of the research is to use the empirically collected data and conducted tests for defining indicators of job satisfaction of employees in the retail sector in Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, and Montenegro with a special emphasis on the relation between EU members and non-EU countries. This paper tests the hypothesis on a statistically significant correlation between indicators of job satisfaction, such as salaries and benefits, working conditions, reward system, career development, job security, collegiality and communication, and the analysed countries of the Western Balkans. The study included 356 retailers from the largest supermarkets in the Western Balkans. The results showed statistically significant correlation between the analysed indicators and countries, and served as the basis for defining the model of employees’ job satisfaction in the Western Balkans retail sector. Practical significance of the research is that it can help managers influence motivation, satisfaction and productivity of their employees, and thus better prepare trading companies in the Western Balkan countries for international competition arena and entry to the European Union market. The results indicate the importance of further research on possible discrepancies in the impact of the observed indicators in the established model of job satisfaction.
Wheelchair accessibility of public buildings: a review of the literature

Purpose. The purpose of this review was to examine the wheelchair accessibility in public buildings and discuss the role of professional in this practice area. Method. Of the 85 originally identified publications from a search of major electronic bibliographic databases, 12 studies relating to wheelchair accessibility in public buildings were selected. The compliance rates with wheelchair accessibility in different areas were summarised. Results. No study reported 100% wheelchair accessibility despite the enforcement of existing laws and regulations. Parking had the lowest compliance rate among all facilities in terms of accessibility, while entrances had the highest. Conclusions. A global review is needed of both new and old buildings regarding wheelchair accessibility. Professional in this practice area has an important role to play in advocating wheelchair accessibility and assisting wheelchair users to participate fully in all areas of the community.
Adenosine Release Mediates Cyanide-Induced Suppression of CA1 Neuronal Activity

The rapid suppression of CNS function produced by cyanide (CN) was studied by field, intracellular, and whole-cell recording in hippocampal slices (at 33–34°C). Population spikes and field EPSPs were depressed by 4–5 min bath applications of 50–100 μm CN (IC50 was 18 μm for spikes and 72 μm for EPSPs). The actions of CN were reversibly suppressed by the adenosine antagonists 8-sulfophenyltheophylline (8-SPT; 10 μm) and 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX; 0.2 μm), potentiated by the adenosine transport inhibitor dipyridamole (0.5 μm), but unaffected by the KATP channel blocker glyburide (10 μm). Therefore the CN-induced reductions of synaptic efficacy and postsynaptic excitability—demonstrated by synaptic input:output plots—are mediated mainly by adenosine. In whole-cell or intracellular recordings, CN depressed EPSCs and elicited an increase in input conductance and an outward current, the reversal potential of which was approximately −90 mV (indicating that K+ was the major carrier). These effects also were attenuated by 8-SPT. In the presence of 1 mm Ba, CN had no significant postsynaptic action; Cs (2 mm) also prevented CN-induced outward currents but only partly blocked the increase in conductance. Another 8-SPT-sensitive action of CN was to depress hyperpolarization-activated slow inward relaxations (Q current). At room temperature (22–24°C), although it did not change holding current and slow inward relaxations, CN raised the input conductance; this effect also was prevented by 8-SPT (10 μm), but not by glyburide (10 μm). Adenosine release thus appears to be the major link between acute CN poisoning and early depression of CNS synaptic function.
Factors affecting the client-veterinarian communication and breaking bad news in companion animal practice in Italy

Client-veterinarian communication increases client satisfaction and compliance as well as the welfare of companion animals. Conversely, poor communication affects the health and the welfare of both humans and animals, mainly in a critical circumstance such as breaking bad news. In many countries, the veterinary education programs included also this skill, but in Italy these aspects are poorly considered and no data are available. The purpose of this study was to survey pet owners in order to investigate the factors affecting the client-veterinarian communication and the client’s satisfaction with communication and breaking bad news. The 78.7% of the participants considered the pet a family member; owner’s gender, household composition and pets in the household affected significantly how the pet was considered. How the participants considered the pet was significantly associated with the perception of the bad news and this result was confirmed by a consistent and significant trend. The owner’s gender affected significantly the perception of the veterinarian’s role while delivering the bad news. After the news, 41.8% of participants thought the veterinarian did not share their grief or was insincere. The household composition affected the participant’s satisfaction with communication. The outcomes showed the importance of pets to their owners and the difficulties experienced in receiving bad news. Results suggest that in companion animal practice there is not only an animal to treat, but also an owner-pet entity requiring specific communication skills. The owners might be afflicted by veterinary practice and this is a public health issue in a One Health perspective.
The sources of dynamism in dynamic capabilities

Research Summary We develop a multi‐level theory of dynamic capabilities (DCs) that explains resource dynamics by giving a central role to persons and interpersonal interactions rather than to abstract, firm‐level entities. Our theory integrates the contrasting approaches to DCs in individual‐, interpersonal‐, and organization‐level scholarship. Existing organization‐level approaches portray DCs as collective endeavors but do not specify how they emerge and operate within organizations, while micro‐foundational approaches illuminate actors’ contributions but reduce a firm's DCs to the cognitions and actions of a few top managers. Our integrated theory instead explains DCs as effortful social accomplishments emerging from individual employees’ capacity to leverage interpersonal relationships conducive to productive dialogue. The framework we propose offers new ground for understanding how DCs can be sources of sustainable competitive advantage. Managerial Summary How can firms navigate the transformations that relentlessly raise new threats and opportunities in dynamic environments? We suggest that firms develop dynamic capabilities to navigate change when their employees are connected through high‐quality relationships, empowering their innovative potential. Strategic adaptation is possible when people are given the opportunity to act, think, and feel creatively while performing tasks, thus envisioning opportunities to improve how the firm operates. This ability supports sustainable, firm‐level innovation when employees are connected through interpersonal relationships founded on constructive dialogue. Dialogue allows participants to advance and accept proposals for change even in the presence of conflicting interests and viewpoints. Managers may therefore enhance their firm's capacity for change by fostering individual integration and developing contexts that facilitate dialogue and constructive opposition.
Workshop on the Effects of Anthropogenic Noise in the Marine Environment, 10-12 February 1998. Proceedings

Abstract : This volume is intended to provide a current summary of the state of knowledge about the effects of human-generated noise on marine organisms, along with suggestions about where additional scientific research is most needed, most ready for further development, or both. Marine mammals were emphasized, but fish, sea turtles and other marine animals were considered to some extent. Thirty-seven experts from five relevant subject areas were convened for a three-day workshop in February 1998. The subject areas were ocean (physical) acoustics, non-hearing physiological effects of sound, hearing, behavior, and monitoring and mitigation of noise effects. This workshop was planned as a first step in a process intended to lead to a national policy and plan of action on this topic. This report should not be treated as an exhaustive in-depth look at the scientific data, but rather as a framework to provide context to subsequent more exhaustive efforts focused on critical technical areas. Likewise, it should not be treated as a fully-realized template for policy, guidelines or regulations, but again as a framework upon which project proponents, resource managers, biologists and acousticians, legal experts, economic experts, advocacy groups and the public can structure their discussions during the formulation of policies and plans of action with regard to anthropogenic underwater noise. This policy and plan should be integrated across agencies, should include a solid foundation of accurate scientific information, and should address public concerns about national security, economics, and environmental quality.
Bisphenol A in the Aquatic Environment and Its Endocrine-Disruptive Effects on Aquatic Organisms

Bisphenol A [BPA; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane], which is mainly used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, is a known endocrine disruptor and is acutely toxic to aquatic organisms. Due to intensified usage of these products, exposure of organisms to BPA via several routes, such as the environment and food, has increased. The aquatic environment is an important area for the study of BPA. This report reviews the literature concerning contamination routes and degradation of BPA in the aquatic environment and its endocrine-disruptive effects on aquatic organisms.