Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What We Talk about When We Talk about Unconscious Processing – A Plea for Best Practices

In this perspective article, we first outline the large diversity of methods, measures, statistical analyses, and concepts in the field of the experimental study of unconscious processing. We then suggest that this diversity implies that comparisons between different studies on unconscious processing are fairly limited, especially when stimulus awareness has been assessed in different ways. Furthermore, we argue that flexible choices of methods and measures will inevitably lead to an overestimation of unconscious processes. In the concluding paragraph, we briefly present solutions and strategies for future research. We make a plea for the introduction of “best practices,” similar to previous attempts to constitute practicing standards for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG).
An Experimental Study on Non-audit Service and Auditor Decisions: Pre- and Post-Procomp Scandal

Auditors are faced with two conflicting incentives. On one hand, they have incentives to retain the clients to earn the ”quasi rent”. On the other hand, they have incentives to protect their reputation and avoid litigation risk. Changes in the weighting of these two incentives may affect auditor decisions. This paper reports the results of two experiments in an attempt to examine whether rendering non-audit service to audit clients will influence auditor decisions and whether auditor decisions have changed after Procomp and subsequent scandals in 2004 due to changes in auditors' incentive structure. Recruiting experienced auditors from a Big 4 firm, we conduct two experiments, one before and the other after Procomp scandal. Experiment 1 shows that auditors' decision on the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts is negatively associated with provision of non-audit service in the area of information system design, installation and after maintenance. Experiment 2 indicates no such effect of providing non-audit service. Further, the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts decided by auditors in Experiment 2 is higher than that in Experiment 1. There is an interactive effect of experiment (Experiment 1 vs. 2) and non-audit service provision on auditor decisions. The findings suggest that auditors make a trade-off between the incentive of quasi rent and the incentive of avoiding litigation risk and reputation loss in performing financial statement attestation. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Surgical Management of Symptomatic Talocalcaneal Coalitions by Resection of the Sustentaculum Tali

Previously described techniques for surgical resection of the subtalar coalitions are technically demanding, with poor outcomes related to incomplete resection and recurrence of the coalition. A new technique, involving complete excision of the involved portion of the sustentaculum tali, has been developed at the authors' institution. A retrospective review of 10 patients with 12 coalitions was performed. The index procedure was performed at an average age of 12.7 years, with a mean follow-up of 5.1 years. Preoperative CT scans obtained to assess the extent of the coalition were analyzed. The AOFAS Hindfoot Questionnaire was used postoperatively to assess the patients' overall outcome and satisfaction with the procedure. Overall, there were eight excellent results and three good results. The postoperative mean AOFAS score was 90 compared with a preoperative score of 46. There have been no recurrences of the coalition or progressive foot malalignment in this series of patients.
Characterization of the rcsA Gene from Pantoea sp. Strain PPE7 and Its Influence on Extracellular Polysaccharide Production and Virulence on Pleurotus eryngii

RcsA is a positive activator of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis in the Enterobacteriaceae. The rcsA gene of the soft rot pathogen Pantoea sp. strain PPE7 in Pleurotus eryngii was cloned by PCR amplification, and its role in EPS synthesis and virulence was investigated. The RcsA protein contains 3 highly conserved domains, and the C-terminal end of the open reading frame shared significant amino acid homology to the helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif of bacterial activator proteins. The inactivation of rcsA by insertional mutagenesis created mutants that had decreased production of EPS compared to the wild-type strain and abolished the virulence of Pantoea sp. strain PPE7 in P. eryngii. The Pantoea sp. strain PPE7 rcsA gene was shown to strongly affect the formation of the disease symptoms of a mushroom pathogen and to act as the virulence factor to cause soft rot disease in P. eryngii.
Changes in sequential coronary arteriograms and subsequent coronary events. Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) Group.

OBJECTIVE Assessment of the relationship between changes in sequential coronary arteriograms and subsequent clinical coronary events. DESIGN The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias, a randomized secondary atherosclerosis intervention trial, obtained coronary arteriograms at baseline, 3, 5, and 7 or 10 years of follow-up. Assessments of changes between pairs of coronary arteriograms were made by two-member panels blinded to the patients' assigned treatment and to the temporal sequence of the films. The relationship of changes between the baseline and the 3-year follow-up arteriograms and subsequent clinical coronary events was examined. SETTING Three university hospitals and one private primary care facility. PATIENTS A total of 838 patients, with 417 patients randomized to the control group and 421 to the intervention group. Of all patients, 695 had baseline and 3-year arteriograms. INTERVENTION The control group received American Heart Association Phase II diet instruction and the intervention group received identical dietary instruction plus a partial ileal bypass operation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The use of arteriographic changes as a predictor of subsequent clinical coronary events. RESULTS Changes between the baseline and the 3-year coronary arteriographic overall disease assessment were significantly associated with subsequent overall and atherosclerotic coronary heart disease mortality (P less than .01). For the combined end point of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease mortality or confirmed nonfatal myocardial infarction, a significant relationship between the overall disease assessment and subsequent clinical events was found in the control group (P less than .0001) and in the surgery group (P = .04). For this combined end point, however, the control and the surgery groups were different with respect to clinical coronary events after 3 years, stratified by the baseline to 3-year overall disease assessment (P less than .001, unadjusted; P = .06, adjusted for 3-year clinical covariates). CONCLUSIONS Coronary arteriographic changes can be used in atherosclerosis intervention trials as a limited surrogate end point for certain clinical coronary events. This relationship is statistically compelling for overall mortality and atherosclerotic coronary heart disease mortality. For an individual patient, changes in the severity of coronary atherosclerosis seen on sequential coronary arteriograms can serve as prognostic indicators for subsequent overall or atherosclerotic coronary heart disease mortality.
Some boundary conditions for effective use of alcohol placebos.

The present research assessed the conditions under which subjects who consume alcohol and those who consume a placebo beverage, and who report consuming alcohol on a manipulation check question, are equivalent with respect to subjective responses to alcohol. Male subjects were told that they were drinking alcohol and consumed one of four beverages: alcoholic beer, nonalcoholic beer, vodka and tonic with lime, or tonic with lime. Measures of subjective intoxication, body sensations and breath alcohol were taken at different times during and after beverage consumption. Subjective intoxication ratings were higher for subjects who received alcohol, compared to subjects who received a placebo and reported consuming alcohol, when alcohol subjects achieved blood alcohol concentrations at and above . 04%. These two groups did not differ in subjective intoxication ratings when alcohol subjects achieved blood alcohol concentrations below . 04%. These data suggest that the orthogonal manipulation of alcohol consumption and expectancy effects is problematic at and above blood alcohol concentrations of . 04%.
What Determines the Attractiveness of EU Regions to the Location of Multinational Firms in the ICT Sector

We examine the attractiveness of European Union regions for location of multinationals in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector. Using data on 8,543 foreign subsidiaries established in 229 regions of the European Union over the period 1998-2008 we find that on average, the location probability increases with regional demand, agglomeration economies, technological development, flexibility of labour markets, and information technology infrastructure. The determinants of the location choice of ICT multinationals are different for regions in Western Europe and Central and Eastern Europe. While in Western Europe, regions with higher GDP per capita are preferred for both ICT multinationals in manufacturing and service sectors, in Central and Eastern Europe, regions with lower GDP per capita attract the bulk of ICT multinationals in the service sector. Unemployment rates appear negatively correlated with the probability of location in the whole European Union and Western Europe, while they increase attractiveness for regions in Central and Eastern Europe. Some determinants are also found to have heterogeneous effects on multinationals from different countries. In particular, US multinationals are not sensitive to labour costs while EU multinationals respond to this factor negatively.
Willingness to pay for socially responsible products: case of cotton apparel

Purpose – This study seeks to investigate significant factors influencing consumers' willingness to pay a premium for three different socially responsible products – organic cotton, sustainable cotton, and US‐grown cotton shirts.Design/methodology/approach – Through random‐digit‐dialing, the study data were collected from 500 respondents nationally via telephone surveys. The survey data were analyzed using stepwise regression and mean comparisons.Findings – More than half of the respondents indicated that they were willing to pay a premium for organic, sustainable, and US‐grown cotton shirts ($5.00 or more for these cotton shirts at the $30.00 retail value). Consumer attitudes toward socially responsible apparel, attitudes toward environment, age, and gender were found to be significant factors for consumers' willingness to pay a premium. Four apparel product evaluative criteria, brand name, laundering requirements, color, and fit, were also found to be important for consumers' willingness to pay a premiu.
The Problematic Case of Clearinghouses in Complex Markets

This Article challenges the academic and policy consensus that clearinghouses adequately mitigate the risks of trading credit derivatives. The Article advances two arguments. First, scholars have devoted little attention to the risks posed by underlying assets (e.g. a mortgage loan) that the credit derivative references and the impact that these have on the clearinghouse. Credit derivatives enable the economic risk of debt to be separated from the legal rights attaching to that debt. This separation impacts the clearinghouse profoundly. As a contract party to each trade it processes, the clearinghouse can be saddled with economic risk of underlying debt without the legal rights necessary to mitigate its exposure. If a clearinghouse cannot manage its risks, the consequences are invariably systemic and enormously costly to the taxpayer. Second, the Article shows that clearinghouse members are subject to complex incentives that: (i) actually encourage risk-taking by subsidizing its cost; (ii) allow parties to shift the private costs of monitoring to the clearinghouse and themselves under-invest in due diligence; and (iii) create undue reliance on information that is impressed by the strategic motives of parties providing it. This Article, finally, proposes a new paradigm for the clearinghouse. This model seeks to repair the consequences of the separation between economic risks and legal rights enabled by the credit derivative – as well as control the perverse incentives affecting clearinghouse members. With the clearinghouse having better powers to police its exposures, the Article proposes that reform can make the clearinghouse a more robust institution and control lax underwriting standards more broadly.
Understanding benchmarking in Egyptian organizations: an empirical analysis

Purpose – The intention of this study is to investigate the state of benchmarking in a variety of organizations in Egypt. More specifically, the study aims to understand the state of benchmarking in Egyptian organizations as well as the driving forces, benefits behind undertaking benchmarking and the reasons for not benchmarking in non‐benchmarking organizations. Also investigates the most important influential factors for effective benchmarking.Design/methodology/approach – The present study is based upon the results of an empirical research in which the state of benchmarking in Egyptian organizations is studied. Mail surveys carried out on 500 organizations and 45 percent responded.Findings – Results indicated that the most important reasons for initiating benchmarking are to maintain and increase competitive advantage, increased profitability and achieve continuous improvement. Moreover, the most important benefits derived from benchmarking include improved customer satisfaction and improved response t.
Adhesive Strips Versus Subcuticular Suture for Mediansternotomy Wound Closure

Abstract Background and Aim: This prospective randomized study was undertaken to compare the use of the 3M™ Steri‐Strip™ S Surgical Skin closure system with a running absorbable subcuticular suture technique for skin closure following a mediansternotomy for cardiac surgical procedures. Methods: Thirty‐six patients undergoing a mediansternotomy for a cardiac surgical procedure were prospectively randomized to either Steri‐Strip S or subcuticular suture for wound closure. The wounds were evaluated on postoperative days 7 and 21 for erythema, edema, pain, cosmesis, and the time taken to close the incision. Results: Skin closure with Steri‐Strip S was faster (5.33 ± 1.32 minutes steri‐strips vs. 6.07 ± 0.91 sutures; p = 0.06) and resulted in significantly less erythema and edema, but no difference in pain or cosmesis after seven days. Following 21 days, there was no difference in pain, edema, or cosmesis between the groups. However, patients receiving steri‐strips continue to have less erythema. Conclusions: Both Steri‐Strip S and absorbable sutures are effective techniques for skin closure following a mediansternotomy incision for cardiac surgical procedures. Steri‐Strip S can decrease the amount of erythema, but results in no significant difference in pain, cosmesis, or edema compared to the traditional subcuticular wound closure technique. (J Card Surg 2011;26:344‐347)
Galectin Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

The incidence and mortality of cancer have increased over the past decades. Significant progress has been made in understanding the underpinnings of this disease and developing therapies. Despite this, cancer still remains a major therapeutic challenge. Current therapeutic research has targeted several aspects of the disease such as cancer development, growth, angiogenesis and metastases. Many molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unknown and current therapies have so far failed to meet their intended potential. Recent studies show that glycans, especially oligosaccharide chains, may play a role in carcinogenesis as recognition patterns for galectins. Galectins are members of the lectin family, which show high affinity for β-galactosides. The galectin–glycan conjugate plays a fundamental role in metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor immunity, proliferation and apoptosis. Galectins’ action is mediated by a structure containing at least one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The potential prognostic value of galectins has been described in several neoplasms and helps clinicians predict disease outcome and determine therapeutic interventions. Currently, new therapeutic strategies involve the use of inhibitors such as competitive carbohydrates, small non-carbohydrate binding molecules and antibodies. This review outlines our current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action and potential therapy implications of galectins in cancer.
Eight new radio pulsars in the Large Magellanic Cloud

We present the discovery of eight new radio pulsars located in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Five of these pulsars were found from reprocessing the Parkes Multibeam Survey of the Magellanic Clouds, while the remaining three were from an ongoing new survey at Parkes with a high-resolution data acquisition system. It is possible that these pulsars were missed in the earlier processing due to radio frequency interference, visual judgment or the large number of candidates that must be analysed. One of these new pulsars has a dispersion measure of 273 pc cm −3 , almost twice the highest previously known value, making it possibly the most distant LMC pulsar. In addition, we present the null result of a radio pulse search of an X-ray point source located in SNR J0047.2−7308 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Although no millisecond pulsars have been found, these discoveries have increased the known rotationpowered pulsar population in the LMC by more than 50 per cent. Using the current sample of LMC pulsars, we used a Bayesian analysis to constrain the number of potentially observable pulsars in the LMC to within a 95 per cent credible interval of 57 000 +70 000 −30 000 . The new survey at Parkes is ∼20 per cent complete, and it is expected to yield at most six millisecond pulsars in the LMC and SMC. Although it is very sensitive to short period pulsars, this new survey provides only a marginal increase in sensitivity to long periods. The limiting luminosity for this survey is 125 mJy kpc 2 for the LMC which covers the upper 10 per cent of all known radio pulsars. The luminosity function for normal pulsars in the LMC is consistent with their counterparts in the Galactic disc. The maximum 1400 MHz radio luminosity for LMC pulsars is ∼1000 mJy kpc 2 .
Burrowing as a non‐reflex behavioural readout for analgesic action in a rat model of sub‐chronic knee joint inflammation

Innate responses against spontaneous pain are proposed to improve the predictive validity of preclinical analgesia models. Therefore, development and validation of novel readouts is necessary. To investigate whether innate rodent burrowing is a useful alternative behavioural readout for assessment of analgesic efficacy, a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced model of sub‐chronic inflammation was used to compare the effects of naproxen, ibuprofen and pregabalin in weight‐bearing (WB), open‐field (OF) and burrowing assays.
Cultivating group-oriented travel behaviour to major events: assessing the importance of customer-perceived value, enduring event involvement and attitude towards the host destination

Abstract Major events, such as the Olympics and Glastonbury music festival, attract tourists and result in increased consumer spending in host economies. The purpose of this study is to gain insights into the key determinants driving future intentions of travel consumers to participate in group-based travel to major events. An integrated theoretical model is empirically tested with 424 travel consumers who have had prior experience travelling in a group to a major event. The results substantiate the model showing that customer value perceptions of a past group-travel consumption experience conceptualised with multiple benefit dimensions has the largest relative effect on future intentions to engage in group-travel behaviour to major events, followed by attitude towards the host destination and enduring event involvement. The results provide managers with holistic insights into components that are used as the basis upon which group-travel consumers develop their choice behaviour which can be used to effectively cultivate more attendees to major events.
Bankruptcy Prediction Model: An Industrial Study in Indonesian Publicly-Listed Firms During 1999-2010

It is a common understanding that bankruptcy is not a sudden occurrence for any organizations. Macro and micro economic studies have suggested numerous influential factors, which have substantial evidence toward firm’s performance (Bekeris, 2012) and survivability (Nehrebecka & Dzik, 2013). With a humble intention to enrich the available literatures, this study attempts to establish a corporate bankruptcy prediction model (Trigo & Costanzo, 2007) to minimize the chances of bankruptcy for Indonesian firms. Literatures have indicated various factors to be used as the foundation toward building the bankruptcy prediction models. Those factors include; (1) macroeconomic factors, which are frequently denoted by GDP, exchange rate, inflation and interest rates, and (2) the company's financial performance factors, which are commonly measured by financial ratios and cash flow ratios.To obtain the corporate bankruptcy prediction model, it was necessary to test the prevailing factors used in this study. This study emphasizes on the publicly-listed firms in Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) during the period of 1999-2010. Relying on the purposive sampling method, this study covered a total of 63 publicly-listed companies in BEI, whereby 34 companies were financially sound, and 29 companies that have filed for bankruptcy. The sample analysis (60% of samples) was incorporated to establish the corporate bankruptcy prediction model. In addition, the sample validation (40% of samples) was used to test the degree of accuracy of the corporate bankruptcy prediction model.The logistic regression results show that firm's financial performance factors influence the likelihood of bankruptcy, while macroeconomic factors did not seem to impact the company's likelihood toward bankruptcy. At the level of accuracy for predicting bankruptcy is approximately 94%, the prediction model is Ln (P/1-P) = -28.142 1.442 37.547 CR DAR - 88.911 CFROA. These results prescribed the importance of noting and safeguarding the company's financial performance, as well as considering the corporate bankruptcy prediction model to gauge the firm’s financial condition.