Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF THYROID PROFILE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN COMPARISON TO NON-DIABETICS

INTRODUCTION: In diabetes mellitus there are alterations in the hypothalamus- pituitary-thyroid axis. Hypothalamic and plasma TRH (Thyrotrpoin releasing hormone), pituitary and plasma TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone), as well as TSH secretion rates are reduced, and the TSH response to TRH is decreased despite normal peripheral TSH metabolism.T3 (Tri-iodothyronine) and T4 (Tetra-iodothyronine) production and iodide uptake by the thyroid are also diminished. Unrecognized thyroid dysfunction can impair metabolic control in diabetes and may even exaggerate cardiovascular risk. AIMS OF THE STUDY: 1. To study the prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 2. To study the distribution of thyroid disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus regarding age, sex, duration of diabetes, type of treatment, family history of diabetes mellitus, comorbid conditions, BMI and serum lipid profile. 3. To evaluate the relationship between glycemic control with reference to Hb1AC levels, Blood sugar levels and occurrence of altered thyroid function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. 4. To Compare prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus with thyroid function in non-diabetics. METHODOLOGY: 50 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus or newly detected Type 2 diabetes mellitus without thyroid disorders attending outpatient departments and admitted to General medicine wards of Basaveshwara teaching and general hospital. Gulbarga Karnataka and age and sex matched 50 controls. A through clinical examination was done and Thyroid profile was studied. RESULTS: Of the patients with Diabetes 30 patients (60%) were female and 20 patients (40%) were males. The mean age in diabetic group was 54.28+/- 12.74 compared to mean in non-Diabetic group was 49.52+/- 12.58. 27 patients (54%) in Diabetic group had hypertension and 6 patients (12%) diabetic group had coronary artery disease compared to 15 patients (30%) with hypertension and 3 patients (6%) with coronary artery disease in non-diabetic group.7 patients (14%) had abnormal thyroid profile in diabetic group of which 6 patients (12%) had subclinical hypothyroidism and 1 patient (1%) had overt hyperthyroidism. In non-Diabetic 4 patients had abnormal thyroid profile of which 3 patients (6%) had subclinical hypothyroidism and 1 patient (2%) had over hypothyroidism. The mean HBA1C levels in diabetic group was 8.14, Fasting blood sugar levels was 113.4 and postprandial blood glucose levels was 162.4 compared to 81.76, 113.4 and 5.038 respectively in diabetic group. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: In our study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was common in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients than in general population and prevalence was more in females than males. Our study shows significant co relation between abnormal thyroid profile and family history of Diabetes, BMI and serum lipid profile. However no correlation between abnormal thyroid profile and glycaemic levels was seen.
Clinicopathological Analysis of HIF-1alpha and TERT on Survival Outcome in Glioblastoma Patients: A Prospective, Single Institution Study

Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant and aggressive primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. We studied the association of immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and tumor protein p53 with overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma patients uniformly treated by standard of care, with adequate follow-up. In 87 patient samples studied, 59 were male and 28 were female. The median age was 55 years. The median follow-up was 27.7 months and the median overall survival was 14.9 months. Nuclear staining of HIF-1α was expressed in all samples and scored as strong in 42 (48%) and weak in 45 (52%). Multivariable Cox regression revealed strong HIF-1α expression as an independent poor prognostic factor (Hazard Ratio 2.12, 95% CI 1.20 - 3.74, P = 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in OS (9.8 months vs. 16.3 months) between the “HIF-1α - strong and TERT - strong” and the “HIF-1α - weak and TERT - weak” patient subgroups, as evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P = 0.005). In our study, HIF-1α expression was an independent predictor of OS. The subgroup of patients with strong expression of both HIF-1α and TERT had the poorest prognosis.
Relationship of transformational leadership, organizational learning and organizational performance

Purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of transformational leadership on organizational performance through the dynamic capabilities of organizational learning in telecom sector of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. The data was collected through survey questionnaires which were distributed to the employees of telecom sector of KSA. A random sample of 70 employees was used to collect the data. The response rate was 80%. The results reveal that transformational leadership positively influences the organizational performance and learning. The study also confirms existence of positive association between organizational learning and performance. The study is useful for the managers in telecom sector to understand the impact of transformation leaders to enhance learning capabilities of the employees which ultimately increases the performance of the employees in telecom sector.
Determinants of Consumer Preference for Local Rice in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

This study examined the determinants of consumer preference for domestically processed rice and identified some of the constraints inhibiting the consumption of local rice in the Tamale metropolis. Logistic regression model and Kendell’s coefficient of concordance were used to analyze the determinants of consumer preference for domestic rice and some of the factors inhibiting the patronage of local rice respectively. The key variables influencing consumers preference for local rice includes; age, household size, monthly expenditure on food and taste. The results also indicated that about 65 percent of the respondents agreed that poor packaging of local rice is the number one factor inhibiting the patronage of local rice. There is therefore an urgent need to invest into the development and deployment of rice varieties to improve its taste. Local rice processors should also worked at improving the packaging to make it competitive in the market.
The redshift evolution of massive galaxy clusters in the MACSIS simulations

We present the MAssive ClusterS and Intercluster Structures (MACSIS) project, a suite of 390 clusters simulated with baryonic physics that yields realistic massive galaxy clusters capable of matching a wide range of observed properties. MACSIS extends the recent BAHAMAS simulation to higher masses, enabling robust predictions for the redshift evolution of cluster properties and an assessment of the effect of selecting only the hottest systems. We study the observable-mass scaling relations and the X-ray luminosity-temperature relation over the complete observed cluster mass range. As expected, we find the slope of these scaling relations and the evolution of their normalization with redshift departs significantly from the self-similar predictions. However, for a sample of hot clusters with core-excised temperatures $k_{\rm{B}}T\geq5\,\rm{keV}$ the normalization and slope of the observable-mass relations and their evolution are significantly closer to self-similar. The exception is the temperature-mass relation, for which the increased importance of non-thermal pressure support and biased X-ray temperatures leads to a greater departure from self-similarity in the hottest systems. As a consequence, these also affect the slope and evolution of the normalization in the luminosity-temperature relation. The median hot gas profiles show good agreement with observational data at $z=0$ and $z=1$, with their evolution again departing significantly from the self-similar prediction. However, selecting a hot sample of clusters yields profiles that evolve significantly closer to the self-similar prediction. In conclusion, our results show that understanding the selection function is vital for robust calibration of cluster properties with mass and redshift.
Recovering the Controllability of Complex Networks

Abstract The studies on the controllability of complex networks popularly existing in natural, social and man-made engineered systems have been a critical and attractive subject for both academic and practical communities. To design and maintain a networked system under control, it is vital to explore the mechanism and relationship between the network layout and its controllability. For a fully-controlled complex system, potential malicious attacks and/or random failures will lead to the damage of its internal structure, such as the breakdown of certain control nodes or the loss of the links between state nodes. In this paper, we first introduce the concept of degree of controllability to quantify the control level of the networks. And for the networks whose degree of controllability is not full, we propose two novel optimal recovering strategies, OAN (short for optimal adding-node) strategy and OAE (short for optimal adding-edge) strategy, to repair their controllability. The results of experiments conducted on the various real and model networks demonstrate the effectiveness of these two strategies and the better performance compared to their randomized counterparts, RAN (short for randomized adding-node) strategy and RAE (short for randomized adding-edge) strategy.
A Preliminary Estimate of The Apennine Brown Bear Population Size Based on Hair-Snag Sampling and Multiple Data Source Mark–Recapture Huggins Models

Abstract Although the brown bear (Ursus arctos) population in Abruzzo (central Apennines, Italy) suffered high mortality during the past 30 years and is potentially at high risk of extinction, no formal estimate of its abundance has been attempted. In 2004, the Italian Forest Service and Abruzzo National Park applied DNA-based techniques to hair-snag samples from the Apennine bear population. Even though sampling and theoretical limitations prevented estimating population size from being the objective of these first applications, we extracted the most we could out of the 2004 data to produce the first estimate of population size. To overcome the limitations of the sampling strategies (systematic grid, opportunistic sampling at buckthorn [Rhamnus alpina] patches, incidental sampling during other field activities), we used a multiple data-source approach and Huggins closed models implemented in program MARK. To account for model uncertainty, we averaged plausible models using Akaike weights and estimated an unconditional population size of 43 bears (95% CI = 35–67). We urge caution in interpreting these results because other expected but undefined sources of heterogeneity (i.e., gender) may have biased this estimate. The low capture probability obtained through the systematic grid prevented the use of this sampling technique as a stand-alone tool to estimate the Apennine bear population size. Therefore, further applications in this direction will require a substantial improvement of field procedures, the use of a multiple data-source approach, or both. In this perspective, we used Monte Carlo simulations to compare the relative performance of the 3 sampling approaches and discuss their feasibility to overcome the problem of small and sparse DNA data that often prevent reliable capture–mark–recapture applications in small bear populations.
Principle Component Analysis of the Evolution of the Saharan Air Layer and Dust Transport : Comparisons between a Model Simulation and MODIS Retrievals

The onset and evolution of Saharan Air Layer (SAL) episodes during June-September 2002 are diagnosed by applying principal component analysis to the NCEP reanalysis temperature anomalies at 850 hPa, where the largest SAL-induced temperature anomalies are located. The first principal component (PC) represents the onset of SAL episodes, which are associated with large warm anomalies located at the west coast of Africa. The second PC represents two opposite phases of the evolution of the SAL. The positive phase of the second PC corresponds to the southwestward extension of the warm anomalies into the tropical-subtropical North Atlantic Ocean, and the negative phase corresponds to the northwestward extension into the subtropical to mid-latitude North Atlantic Ocean and the southwest Europe. A dust transport model (CARMA) and the MODIS retrievals are used to study the associated effects on dust distribution and deposition. The positive (negative) phase of the second PC corresponds to a strengthening (weakening) of the offshore flows in the lower troposphere around 10"20"N, causing more (less) dust being transported along the tropical to subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. The variation of the offshore flow indicates that the subseasonal variation of African Easterly Jet is associated with the evolution of the SAL. Significant correlation is found between the second PC time series and the daily West African monsoon index, implying a dynamical linkage between West African monsoon and the evolution of the SAL and Saharan dust transport.
Up and Down the Black Hole Radio/X-Ray Correlation: The 2017 Mini-outbursts from Swift J1753.5−0127

The candidate black hole X-ray binary Swift J1753.5−0127 faded to quiescence in 2016 November after a prolonged outburst that was discovered in 2005. Nearly three months later, the system displayed renewed activity that lasted through 2017 July. Here, we present radio and X-ray monitoring over ≈ 3 months of the renewed activity to study the coupling between the jet and the inner regions of the disk/jet system. Our observations cover low X-ray luminosities that have not historically been well-sampled ( L X ≈ 2 × 10 33 – 10 36 erg s − 1 ; 1–10 keV), including time periods when the system was both brightening and fading. At these low luminosities, Swift J1753.5−0127 occupies a parameter space in the radio/X-ray luminosity plane that is comparable to “canonical” systems (e.g., GX 339−4), regardless of whether the system was brightening or fading, even though during its ≳11 year outburst, Swift J1753.5−0127 emitted less radio emission from its jet than expected. We discuss implications for the existence of a single radio/X-ray luminosity correlation for black hole X-ray binaries at the lowest luminosities ( L X ≲ 10 35 erg s − 1 ), and we compare to supermassive black holes. Our campaign includes the lowest luminosity quasi-simultaneous radio/X-ray detection to date for a black hole X-ray binary during its rise out of quiescence, thanks to early notification from optical monitoring combined with fast responses from sensitive multiwavelength facilities.
Accurate projective two-band description of topological superfluidity in spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases

The interplay of spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting in ultracold Fermi gases gives rise to a topological superfluid phase in two spatial dimensions that can host exotic Majorana excitations. Theoretical models have so far been based on a four-band Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism for the combined spin-\mathbf{1/2}1/2 and particle-hole degrees of freedom. Here we present a simpler, yet accurate, two-band description based on a well-controlled projection technique that provides a new platform for exploring analogies with chiral p-wave superfluidity and detailed future studies of spatially non-uniform situations.
The Choice of Inflation Targeting

This paper assesses empirically the contribution of key macroeconomic and institutional variables in shaping the likelihood of choosing the Inflation Targeting (IT) regime in a sample that comprises countries working under such a regime and covers the period 1975-2005. I find inflation rate, financial development, GDP per capita and trade openness relevant for driving the choice of IT by estimating a discrete choice panel data model. Also, my results suggest that the initial conditions at the moment of IT adoption do matter because countries have different exposure to the likelihood of choosing IT as a result of their specific macroeconomic and institutional fundamentals and unobservable idiosyncratic factors.
Momentum Profits, Factor Pricing, and Macroeconomic Risk

Recent winners have temporarily higher loadings than recent losers on the growth rate of industrial production. The loading spread derives mostly from the positive loadings of winners. The growth rate of industrial production is a priced risk factor in standard asset pricing tests. In many specifications, this macroeconomic risk factor explains more than half of momentum profits. We conclude that risk plays an important role in driving momentum profits.
On Becoming Approximately Rational : The Relational Reinterpretation Hypothesis

Some of the most contentious and intractable debates in comparative psychology result from the fact that researchers persistently overlook-or frankly refuse to acknowledge-the distinct roles played by different levels of explanation in cognitive science. We examine two prominent explananda-"Do animals reason about causal relations? " and "Do animals have a theory of mind? "-and show how in each case, comparative researchers continue to gloss over the ditlerence between lunclionaland representational-level claims. We propose a representational-level hypothesis about how nonhuman animals have evolved to become approximately rational without employing higher-order reasoning processes. And we show how comparative researchers might become approximately rational as well.
Negative Media Coverage and Corporate Social Responsibility —— Empirical Evidence from Chinese A - Share Listed Companies

This paper takes the listed companies of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares as the object of research from 2013 to 2015, and makes an empirical test on the effect of corporate social responsibility of listed companies from two aspects: Negative media coverage and property rights. The results of the research show that: The negative reports of media are positively related to the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility, the more negative reports of media, the higher the performance level of corporate social responsibility of listed companies; There is a positive correlation between the nature of property rights and the performance level of corporate social responsibility, the performance of corporate social responsibility of listed companies with state-owned enterprises is better; The total number of media reports is positively related to the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility, the more the number of media reports, the better the corporate social responsibility.
OPTICAL BEAM PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF THE MID-IR FEL AT ELBE

First lasing of the mid-infrared free-electron laser at ELBE was achieved on May 7, 2004. Since then stable lasing has been achieved in the IR range from 4 to 22 μm using electron beam energies from 15 to 35 MeV. At all wavelengths below 20 μm a cw optical power higher than 1 W can be produced with an electron beam of 50 pC bunch charge. The optical pulse width at it’s minimum was measured to 0.9 ps at 11 μm and could be increased to 4 ps by detuning the optical cavity. The optical bandwidth was in all cases close to the Fourier limit.
Experimental Analysis of OLSR and DSDV Protocols on NS-2.35 in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Mobile ad-hoc networks are autonomous networks of intelligent mobile nodes. Designing an efficient routing protocol with goal efficient route establishment is still a burning research issue. Routing protocols are broadly classified into proactive and reactive protocols on the basis of their nature of working. In this paper, we present comparative simulation analysis of two proactive protocols namely, Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV). Simulations have been carried out multiple times using Network Simulator-2.35 (NS-2.35), on random scenario patterns and compared in two environments (OLSR and DSDV) by varying the network size and mobility of nodes. We have patched and installed OLSR protocol on NS-2.35 as it‘s not available as a part of NS-2.35 installation. The simulation results indicate that, OLSR perform better than DSDV protocol for application oriented metrices such as packet delivery fraction, packet loss and end-to-end delay. But, Routing Overheads is significantly consistently higher for OLSR protocol in all the cases considered, which is proven experimentally. Furthermore, based upon the simulation results, work can be done in the direction of improving the performance of the OLSR protocol to make it a choice of proactive protocol for large and denser network.
2 Data with Temporal Dependency : Existing Approaches and Limitations 2 . 1 Time-Series Models

High-dimensional time series prediction is needed in applications as diverse as demand forecasting and climatology. Often, such applications require methods that are both highly scalable, and deal with noisy data in terms of corruptions or missing values. Classical time series methods usually fall short of handling both these issues. In this paper, we propose to adapt matrix matrix completion approaches that have previously been successfully applied to large scale noisy data, but which fail to adequately model high-dimensional time series due to temporal dependencies. We present a novel temporal regularized matrix factorization (TRMF) framework which supports data-driven temporal dependency learning and enables forecasting ability to our new matrix factorization approach. TRMF is highly general, and subsumes many existing matrix factorization approaches for time series data. We make interesting connections to graph regularized matrix factorization methods in the context of learning the dependencies. Experiments on both real and synthetic data show that TRMF outperforms several existing approaches for common time series tasks.
BANANA ( Musa sp . ) PEELS AS A SOURCE OF PECTIN AND SOME FOOD

Banana peels from two varieties William and Maghrabi represent 40% of all weight of banana fruit. Chemical composition (moisture (90.88, 90.76%), total solid (9.12, 9.24), crude protein (5.21, 6.68%), ether extract (5.52, 6.96%), ash (13.84, 12.44%), lignocellulose (49.14, 41.31%), pectin (12.77, 13.03%), available carbohydrates (26.29, 19.58%) and total carbohydrates (75.43, 73.92%). As well as the optimum condition for pectin extraction are temperature (90-95°C), time (60 min), pH (2) and tested as gelling agent in fig jam preparation. The properties of pectin such as degree of esterification are between (62.43 to 64.11%), equivalent weight are between (738.08 to 751.57) and methoxyl content are between (5.69 to 6.66%) for William and Maghrabi respectively. Finally, it could be concluded that banana peels are a good sources of pectin and some food nutrients such as minerals, sugars and dietary fibers.