Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MULTIOBJECTIVE INTRINSIC HARDWARE EVOLUTION

Evolutionary design of digital circuits reveals the potential to provide autonomous systems with the properties of self-adaptation, self-optimization and functional recovery. Especially for functions that are rated by a data-dependent and time-varying functional quality, rather than an absolute measure of correctness, evolutionary techniques are attractive. In this paper, we present a novel approach to evolvable embedded systems that is able to adapt to both slow and radical changes in the environment and the system state, respectively. First, a multiobjective evolutionary search algorithm with a selection scheme based on Pareto dominance is used to compute a set of reasonable trade-offs. Then, the decision is made which solution to use for the present situation. During operation, the system adapts to slowly changing environmental conditions by the evolutionary search process. To handle radical changes, precomputed dominant solutions are stored in the system. When a radical change occurs, the system switches to a ”good-enough” solution, and the online evolutionary process is restarted. In our work, we treat evolutionary circuit design as a multiobjective optimization problem that tries to evolve functionally good or correct FPGA circuits with minimal area and maximal speed. Additionally, the optimization problem can be specified by constraints as, for example, usable area of a chip or a minimal functional quality of a circuit.
Measurement of online social networks

In recent years, the popularity of online social networks (OSN) has risen to unprecedented levels, with the most popular ones having hundreds of millions of users. This success has generated interest within the networking community and has given rise to a number of measurement and characterization studies, which provide a first step towards their understanding. The large size and access limitations of most online social networks make it difficult to obtain a full view of users and their relations. Sampling methods are thus essential for practical estimation of OSN properties. Key to OSN sampling schemes is the fact that users are, by definition, connected to one another via some relation. Therefore, samples of OSN users can be obtained by exploring the OSN social graph or graphs induced by other relations between users. While sampling can, in principle, allow precise inference from a relatively small number of observations, this depends critically on the ability to collect a sample with known statistical properties. An early family of measurement studies followed Breadth-First-Search (BFS) type approaches, where all nodes of a graph reachable from an initial seed were explored exhaustively. In this thesis, we follow a more principled approach: we perform random walks on the social graph to collect uniform samples of OSN users, which are representative and appropriate for further statistical analysis. First, we provide an instructive comparison of different graph exploration techniques and apply a number of known but perhaps underutilized methods to this problem. We show that previously used BFS-type methods can produce biased samples with poor statistical properties when the full graph is not covered, while randoms walks perform remarkably well. We also demonstrate how to measure online convergence for random walk-based approaches. Second, we propose multigraph sampling, a novel technique that performs a random walk on a combination of OSN user relations. Performed properly, multigraph sampling can improve mixing time and yield an asymptotic probability sample of a target population even where no single connected relation on the same population is available. Third, we apply the presented methods to collect some of the first known unbiased samples of large scale OSNs. An important part of this collection is the development of efficient crawlers that address the related technical challenges. Using the collected datasets we present characterization studies of Facebook and Last.fm. Finally we present the first study to characterize the statistical properties of OSN applications and propose a method to model the application installation process.
Stochastic models for quality of service of component connectors

The intensifying need for scalable software has motivated modular development and using systems distributed over networks to implement large-scale applications. In Service-oriented Computing, distributed services are composed to provide large-scale services with a specific functionality. In this way, reusability of existing services can be increased. However, due to the heterogeneity of distributed software systems, software composition is not easy and requires additional mechanisms to impose some form of a coordination on a distributed software system. Besides functional correctness, a composed service must satisfy various quantitative requirements for its clients, which are generically called its quality of service (QoS). Particularly, it is tricky to obtain the overall QoS of a composed service even if the QoS information of its constituent distributed services is given. In this thesis, we propose Stochastic Reo to specify software composition with QoS aspects and its compositional semantic models. They are also used as intermediate models to generate their corresponding stochastic models for practical analysis. Based on this, we have implemented the tool Reo2MC. Using Reo2MC, we have modeled and analyzed an industrial software, the ASK system. Its analysis results provided the best cost-effective resource utilization and some suggestions to improve the performance of the system.
Subband Image Coding with Three-tap Pyramids

Consider the band-splitting lter pair [1 2 1] and [-1 2 -1]. These simple lters may be implemented with arithmetic shifts and additions, and thus are ideal for implementation on ordinary personal computers. In two dimensions they can be applied separably. The only problem is that the lters violate the standard QMF criteria, and therefore a di erent set of lters must be designed for the encoding process.
Responding to ESL Student Writing: The Value of a Nonjudgmental Approach.

Recent statistics show that the number of ESL students enrolled in community colleges is steadily increasing. In fact, according to data reported by the City University of New York (CUNY), 25 percent of students now entering the community colleges within the CUNY system are ESL students (Nunez-Wormack, 1993). By the year 2000, it is estimated that more than 50 percent of full-time freshman within the CUNY system will be ESL students (Professional Staff Congress, 1994). For most of these students, full entry into the mainstream curriculum is contingent upon demonstrating proficiency in basic skills such as writing. Developing proficiency in writing presents an especially difficult problem for ESL students, many of whom believe that they cannot write English. This "I can't write English syndrome" (Thomas, 1993) leads to anxiety and thus inhibits progress in achieving writing proficiency. Kaplan Bass (1993) suggests that it is not the task of writing per se that leads to anxiety in basic or developmental writing students, but rather the anticipation of the evaluation of that writing by the teacher or others.
From Theory to Practice: A Prereading Plan.

prior knowledge is an exceptionally important determiner of comprehension (Anderson, Pichert and Shirey, 1979; Brown, 1977; Rumelhart and Ortony, 1977) and it has provided new insights into what the relationship actually involves. Unfortunately, only general guidelines and a few instructional strategies have been available for helping students realize what they know about a topic and how to relate that knowledge to the information in a text. Teachers
The Riddle Of The Sands? Intertemporal Substitution Of Labour For Archaeological Workers In North-West Syria In 1938

This paper analyzes the daily participation decisions of Syrian archaeological workers in 1938. Our unique data affords us the opportunity to study the sign and size of the intertemporal labour supply elasticity as the daily wage workers received had a stochastic element which consisted of payments for finds that the worker made on each day of the dig. The value of these finds we argue represented transitory movements in the worker’s wage which can be used to identify the intertemporal elasticity. JEL classification: J22, J30, J40.
Test Case Selector: Uma Ferramenta para Seleção de Testes

This paper describes a test selection tool called Test Case Selector (TCS). The tool has been developed in the context of an industrial cooperation with Motorola, where regression test selection is not a trivial task. The test architects select a few hundred tests from a suite containing thousands of tests. The TCS assigns points to each test based on 4 criteria: number of times the test was previously chosen; number of faults per execution; number of new faults uncovered by the test; and the test complexity. The user assigns weights to each criteria and the TCS calculates the weighted mean in order to produce a ranking of the most relevant tests (the higher the score, the higher the rank). The application of the selection criteria using the TCS is illustrated by a case study. Resumo. Este artigo descreve a ferramenta Test Case Selector (TCS), desenvolvida para auxiliar o usuário a selecionar testes. O Test Case Selector foi desenvolvido no contexto de uma cooperação industrial com a Motorola, onde seleção de testes de regressão não é uma tarefa fácil. Em geral, uma suı́te possui milhares de testes e, em um ciclo de regressão, apenas algumas centenas podem ser executados. O processo de seleção do TCS atribui pontos a cada teste de acordo com 4 critérios de seleção: número de execuções, taxa de falhas por execução, número de defeitos novos encontrados e complexidade do teste. O usuário atribui pesos a cada critério e o TCS calcula uma média ponderada para cada teste. Os testes que mais pontuaram são mais relevantes para o ciclo de regressão. Tanto o critério de seleção quanto sua implementação pelo TCS são ilustrados em um estudo de caso.
Microcomputer Technology: Its impact on Teachers in an Elementary School.

The purpose of this study was to examine the initiation and implementation of microcomputer technology in the educational environment of N.H. Jones Elementary School (Ocala, Florida) and to assess its impact on teachers. Microcomputer technology was configured as a teacher workstation. A conceptual framework was developed to promote microcomputer technology and to monitor and interpret the phenomenon. Elements of the framework were five guidelines of the Innovation-Focused strategy, interventions of the Change Facilitator strategy, and the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM). Five questions which directed the research were: (1) What concerns did teachers have about microcomputer technology? (2) Were there factors in the school environment that promoted the diffusion and use of microcomputer technology by teachers? (3) Were there perceived barriers that impeded teacher acceptance and use? (4) What levels of use did teachers attain using the innovation microcomputer technology? and (5) What teacher-related outcomes were attributed to using microcomputer technology? Results showed that teachers had Self and Task concerns at the beginning of the study, changing to Impact, Consequences, and Refocusing concerns as their involvement with the technology increased. Results revealed that teachers clustered in Mechanical and Routine user levels. By the end of the study, 80% of teachers had reached the Routine Level of Use. Recommendations for future research include configuring microcomputer technology beyond a teacher workstation, replication of the study using the change model presented and identifying long-term impact of microcomputer technology on teachers. Fourteen tables and 14 figures illusti2tt study findings. Appendices include: Stages of Concern Technical Information; N.H. Jones Elementary Change Strategy; Level of Use Protocol; Chronology of Events; Microcomputer Workstation Configuration; Stages of Concern Interpretations; and Teachers' Stage of Concern Mean Percentile Scores for Instructional Technology, May 1993, September 1993, and May 1994. Contains 87 references. (Author/MAS) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office d Educational Rem Owen and irriplovOmenl EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI \ID 0 This document has been reproduced as received trom the perliOn Or OM Imitation ongmahng . t 0 Minor changes have been made to Improve reproduction (lushly 00 Cn Points of new o' opinions staled in this doctr went do not necessarily teo,esent othciai OE RI position or polity THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION MICROCOMPUTER TECHNOLOGY: ITS IMPACT ON TEACHERS IN AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
PSO-based coevolutionary Game Learning

Games have been investigated as computationally complex problems since the inception of artificial intelligence in the 1950’s. Originally, search-based techniques were applied to create a competent (and sometimes even expert) game player. The search-based techniques, such as game trees, made use of human-defined knowledge to evaluate the current game state and recommend the best move to make next. Recent research has shown that neural networks can be evolved as game state evaluators, thereby removing the human intelligence factor completely. This study builds on the initial research that made use of evolutionary programming to evolve neural networks in the game learning domain. Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) is applied inside a coevolutionary training environment to evolve the weights of the neural network. The training technique is applied to both the zero sum and non-zero sum game domains, with specific application to Tic-Tac-Toe, Checkers and the Iterated Prisoners Dilemma (IPD). The influence of the various PSO parameters on playing performance are experimentally examined, and the overall performance of three different neighbourhood information sharing structures compared. A new coevolutionary scoring scheme and particle dispersement operator are defined, inspired by Formula One Grand Prix racing. Finally, the PSO is applied in three novel ways to evolve strategies for the IPD – the first application of its kind in the PSO field. The PSO-based coevolutionary learning technique described and examined in this study shows promise in evolving intelligent evaluators for the aforementioned games, and further study will be conducted to analyse its scalability to larger search spaces and games of varying complexity.
Space-Frequency Equalization in Broadband Single Carrier Systems

Broadband wireless access systems can be used to deliver a variety of high data rate applications and services. Many of the channels being considered for such applications exhibit multipath propagation coupled with large delay spreads. Currently, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is employed in these channels to compensate the effect of dispersion. Single carrier (SC) modulation in conjunction with frequency-domain equalization (FDE) at the receiver has been shown to be a practical alternate solution as it has lower peak to average power ratio and is less sensitive to frequency offsets and phase noise compared to OFDM. The effect of multipath propagation increases with increasing data rate for SC systems. This leads to larger inter-symbol-interference (ISI) spans. In addition the achievable capacity of SC-broadband systems depends on their ability to accommodate multiple signal transmissions in the same frequency band, which results in co-channel interference (CCI) when detecting the desired data stream. The effects of CCI and ISI are more pronounced at high data rates. The objective of this research is to investigate and a develop low-complexity frequency domain receiver architectures capable of suppressing both CCI and ISI and employing practical channel estimation. In this thesis, a linear and a non-linear receiver architecture are developed in the frequency domain for use in highly dispersive channels employing multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas. The linear receiver consists of parallel branches each corresponding to a transmit data stream and implements linear equalization and demodulation. Frequency domain joint CCI mitigation and ISI equalization is implemented based on estimated channel parameters and is called space-frequency i equalization. The non-linear receiver implements hybrid decision feedback equalization by extending the parallel branch linear MMSE receiver to include a decision feedback back end and is referred to as the space-frequency decision feedback equalization (SF-DFE). As with the linear equalizer, the SF-DFE also performs frequency domain CCI mitigation and MMSE-FDE. In addition, it implements a time domain feedback filter performing post-cursor ISI cancellation based on the recently detected data symbols. A training sequence based time domain channel estimation algorithm is developed which estimates the effective channel parameters by maximizing the signal to interference plus noise ratio. These parameters are Fourier transformed and utilized by the frequency domain receiver. The effective channel parameters are estimated in parallel using a parameter estimation algorithm. Further, an iterative QR-decomposition based parameter estimation algorithm is developed which yields performance improvement over the non-iterative parameter estimation algorithm.
Multiple Intelligences in Online, Hybrid, and Traditional Business Statistics Courses.

According to Howard Garner, Professor of Cognition and Education at Harvard University, intelligence of humans cannot be measured with a single factor such as the IQ level. Instead, he and others have suggested that humans have different types of intelligence. This paper examines whether students registered in online or mostly online courses have a different type of intelligence from students registered in traditional face-to-face courses. At the beginning of the fall semester of 2011, a group of 128 students from four different courses in Business Statistics completed a survey to determine their types of intelligence. Our findings reveal surprising results with important consequences in terms of teaching styles that better fit our students.
Handleiding en Methodologische Verantwoording HKT-R, Historisch, Klinische en Toekomstige - Revisie

De HKT-Revisie (HKT-R) is de opvolger van de HKT-30 (2002). Vanaf 2005 heeft de werkgroep HKT-R in verschillende samenstellingen gewerkt aan de herziening van de HKT-30. Een belangrijke drijfveer om de HKT-30 te reviseren was: de lijst voor meerdere doeleinden toepasbaar maken. Dit risicotaxatieinstrument ondersteunt het gestructureerd beargumenteren van het risico op gewelddadige recidive bij verlofaanvragen en Ter Beschikking Stelling (TBS-)adviezen. Daarnaast kunnen de Klinische indicatoren van de HKT-R toegepast worden voor Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM-)metingen, zodat forensische behandelingen geevalueerd kunnen worden.
Pengaruh Sertifikat Halal terhadap Niat Beli Ulang dan Niat Merekomendasi Pembelian Daging Sapi oleh Konsumen Muslim dan Non-Muslim di Giant Supermarket Wiyung Surabaya

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh sertifikat halal terhadap niat beli ulang dan niat merekomendasi pembelian daging sapi oleh konsumen Muslim dan non Muslim di Giant Supermarket Wiyung Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan dua alat analisis yaitu: (1) uji regresi sederhana untuk mengetahui pengaruh sertifikat halal terhadap niat beli ulang dan niat merekomendasi pembelian, dan (2) independent sample t-test untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara konsumen Muslim dan non-Muslim. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 60 konsumen, yang terdiri dari 30 konsumen Muslim dan 30 konsumen non-Muslim, yang pernah membeli daging sapi di Giant Supermarket Wiyung Surabaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan, bahwa pengaruh sertifikat halal terhadap niat beli ulang daging sapi pada konsumen Muslim lebih besar daripada non-Muslim. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa pengaruh sertifikat halal terhadap niat merekomendasi pembelian daging sapi pada konsumen Muslim lebih besar daripada non-Muslim. Saran bagi manajemen Giant Supermarket, khususnya cabang Wiyung, yaitu mencantumkan sertifikat halal, sertifikat kelayakan kios daging dan cold storage di tempat yang semakin mudah dilihat oleh konsumen, menambah variasi produk olahan dari daging dan menyediakan daging yang lebih segar. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, hendaknya menambahkan kepuasan atau sikap konsumen sebagai variabel intervening agar hasil penelitian lebih mendalam.
Influence of Tobacco Additives on the Chemical Composition of Mainstream Smoke

Abstract Additives used in tobacco product manufacturing are currently in the focus of public discussions with regard to potentially increased consumer health risks on account of certain additives. In addition, a few additives are suspected to enhance the addictiveness of tobacco products. In 2006, the German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BundesministeriumfuerErnaehrung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, BMELV) commissioned a research project intended to provide support for the evaluation of additives and their influence on the composition and properties of cigarette mainstream smoke. In this paper the results of the study are reported. Different amounts of glycerol, cocoa powder and sucrose were added to the tobacco of two kinds of filter-ventilated King size test cigarettes with ‘tar’ levels of 6 mg and 10 mg per cigarette. The tobacco of the test cigarettes consisted of a commercially available blend made of Virginia, Burley and Oriental tobaccos. Machine smoking was performed according to the applicable ISO smoking regimen. Various smoke components, which are suspected to be harmful for health, were determined in mainstream smoke. Increasing levels of sucrose were correlated with an increase of the amount of formaldehyde but not of acetaldehyde in the mainstream smoke of the test cigarettes. In cigarettes with different levels of added glycerol no substantial change in smoke composition was observed. The addition of cocoa powder to tobacco resulted in a decrease of tobaccospecific N-nitrosamines in mainstream smoke. The results obtained in this study can be used as evidence for the toxicological evaluation aimed at approving or banning specific additives for tobacco product manufacturing.
A sociophonetic investigation of the vowels OUT and BIT in Glaswegian

This paper presents a sociophonetic investigation of the vowels OUT and BIT in the read and spontaneous speech of 16 male Glaswegian speakers (8 boys, 8 men; 8 middleclass, 8 working-class). Auditory and acoustic analysis together confirms social stratification in the realization of the two vowels. OUT is generally fronter in working-class speakers, though middle-class boys also use fronted vowels, suggesting sound change in progress. BIT tends to be low and retracted in working-class speakers, while indications of fronting in middle-class boys again point to sound change in progress in these speakers.
Analysis, observation and control of time-delay systems Lecture 4: towards robustness

Pressure sensitive adhesive formulations of an acrylic polymer grafted with a hydrogenated rubber. In one embodiment, the polymer contains a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate ester which is crosslinked with a titanium-containing chelated metal alkoxide. The adhesive formulations provide an exceptional combination of adhesion to low energy surfaces and high temperature cohesive strength.