Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of sample preparation methods for the analysis of papaya leaf proteins through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

INTRODUCTION A variety of sample preparation protocols for plant proteomic analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) have been reported. However, they usually have to be adapted and further optimised for the analysis of plant species not previously studied. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to evaluate different sample preparation protocols for analysing Carica papaya L. leaf proteins through 2-DE. METHODOLOGY Four sample preparation methods were tested: (1) phenol extraction and methanol-ammonium acetate precipitation; (2) no precipitation fractionation; and the traditional trichloroacetic acid-acetone precipitation either (3) with or (4) without protein fractionation. The samples were analysed for their compatibility with SDS-PAGE (1-DE) and 2-DE. Fifteen selected protein spots were trypsinised and analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS), followed by a protein search using the NCBInr database to accurately identify all proteins. RESULTS Methods number 3 and 4 resulted in large quantities of protein with good 1-DE separation and were chosen for 2-DE analysis. However, only the TCA method without fractionation (no. 4) proved to be useful. Spot number and resolution advances were achieved, which included having an additional solubilisation step in the conventional TCA method. Moreover, most of the theoretical and experimental protein molecular weight and pI data had similar values, suggesting good focusing and, most importantly, limited protein degradation. CONCLUSION The described sample preparation method allows the proteomic analysis of papaya leaves by 2-DE and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS). The methods presented can be a starting point for the optimisation of sample preparation protocols for other plant species.
Diabetogenic T cells recognize insulin bound to IAg7 in an unexpected, weakly binding register

A peptide derived from the insulin B chain contains a major epitope for diabetogenic CD4+ T cells in the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). This peptide can fill the binding groove of the NOD MHCII molecule, IAg7, in a number of ways or “registers. ” We show here that a diverse set of NOD anti-insulin T cells all recognize this peptide bound in the same register. Surprisingly, this register results in the poorest binding of peptide to IAg7. The poor binding is due to an incompatibility between the p9 amino acid of the peptide and the unique IAg7 p9 pocket polymorphisms that are strongly associated with susceptibility to T1D. Our findings suggest that the association of autoimmunity with particular MHCII alleles may be do to poorer, rather than more favorable, binding of the critical self-epitopes, allowing T-cell escape from thymic deletion.
Novel Cytomegalovirus UL54 DNA Polymerase Gene Mutations Selected In Vitro That Confer Brincidofovir Resistance

ABSTRACT Eight in vitro selection experiments under brincidofovir pressure elicited the known cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase amino acid substitutions N408K and V812L and the novel exonuclease domain substitutions D413Y, E303D, and E303G, which conferred ganciclovir and cidofovir resistance with 6- to 11-fold resistance to brincidofovir or 17-fold when E303G was combined with V812L. The new exonuclease domain I resistance mutations selected under brincidofovir pressure add to the single instance previously reported and show the expected patterns of cross-resistance.
Proliferation Zones in the Adult Brain of a Sequential Hermaphrodite Teleost Species (Sparus aurata)

Teleost sex change is an important model to understand general principles of sexual differentiation and plasticity in the adult brain. The present study is the first to examine the proliferation zones in the adult brain of males, females and sex-changing individuals of a protandrous teleost species (Sparus aurata), by means of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine immunocytochemistry. Postnatal neurogenesis in the marine teleost brain was found in ventricular and subventricular areas of the brain that in most cases coincided with the embryonic proliferation zones. The molecular layer of corpus and valvula cerebelli exhibited the highest mitotic activity in the adult brain. High mitotic activity was observed in the hypothalamic, thalamic and telencephalic ventricular areas, as well as the dorsal and ventral rim of the optic tectum. Most of the labeled cells were elongated, indicating the initiation of migratory activity. There were no qualitative differences in the distribution of proliferation zones between the sex phases studied with the exception of the ventricular region of the dorsal hypothalamic area. Volume fraction analysis of the area occupied by the labeled cells suggested that this region included higher densities of newborn cells in the female animals. The proliferation pattern in the adult gilthead sea bream brain is in agreement with the hypothesis of the continuous generation of new cells in the teleost brain. Moreover, our data propose that cell proliferation differences possibly existing in the ventricular region of the dorsal hypothalamus between sexual phases, might be involved in central mechanisms of sexual plasticity in protandrous hermaphrodite teleosts.
Structure and Substrate Recognition of the Bottromycin Maturation Enzyme BotP

The bottromycins are a family of highly modified peptide natural products, which display potent antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bottromycins have recently been shown to be ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Unique amongst RiPPs, the precursor peptide BotA contains a C‐terminal “follower” sequence, rather than the canonical N‐terminal “leader” sequence. We report herein the structural and biochemical characterization of BotP, a leucyl‐aminopeptidase‐like enzyme from the bottromycin pathway. We demonstrate that BotP is responsible for the removal of the N‐terminal methionine from the precursor peptide. Determining the crystal structures of both apo BotP and BotP in complex with Mn2+ allowed us to model a BotP/substrate complex and to rationalize substrate recognition. Our data represent the first step towards targeted compound modification to unlock the full antibiotic potential of bottro‐ mycin.
Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and psychoticism: distinctive influences of three personality dimensions in adolescence.

Researchers have suggested that the psychoticism (P) personality dimension of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire may be largely redundant with the agreeableness (A) and conscientiousness (C) constructs of the five-factor model. Little research has examined the distinctiveness of these constructs. We utilized a multi-wave, multi-method design to examine the ability of C, A, and P to uniquely predict a number of important outcomes amongst high school students. A total of 778 students (391 males, 387 females; mean age 15.41 years.) completed personality measures in Grade 10. Self-reported self-esteem, social support, health-related behaviours, religious values as well as teachers' assessments of students, were collected 1 and 2 years later. A, C, and P were distinctive in their ability to predict these outcomes, after controlling for gender and socio-economic status as well as Grade 10 extraversion, openness, and neuroticism. The individual P items explained unique variance over and above that explained by A and C. It was concluded that P is not merely the opposite of A and C. Implications for interventions are raised.
Ultrastructural immunolocalization of dentin matrix protein 1 on Sharpey's fibers in monkey tooth cementum

Abstract Despite the importance of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) in the formation of mineralized tissue, including dentinogenesis and osteogenesis, its precise role in cementogenesis remains to be clarified fully. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the ultrastructural immunolocalization of DMP1 in monkey molar tooth cementum. Japanese Macaca fuscata monkeys were fixed by perfusion. The upper molar teeth and accompanying periodontium then were dissected and demineralized with EDTA. Cryosections were obtained, incubated in anti-DMP1 polyclonal antibody, and processed by immunoperoxidase and immunogold labeling. Intense immunoperoxidase staining for DMP1 was observed in acellular extrinsic fiber cementum, particularly in Sharpey's fibers. Cementocyte lacunae with canaliculi showed DMP1 staining in the apical region of the tooth root. Electron immunomicroscopy revealed the close proximity of DMP1 to collagen fibrils in Sharpey's fibers at the mineralization front. Intense immunogold labeling was localized on the walls of the cementocyte lacunae in cellular cementum. These results should contribute to better understanding of the role of DMP1, not only in Sharpey's fiber biomineralization, but also in the maintenance of the cementocyte lacunar space in cementum.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Securflux®, an Anti-Reflux Device for Intravenous Infusion

Purpose Catheter obstruction or patency inhibition of the venous access cannula is a frequently experienced problem in patients to whom intravenous (IV) solutions are administered. In this study we assessed the efficacy and safety of Securflux® a disposable device with a back-check valve to prevent reflux in IV infusion sets. Methods A total of 177 adult patients requiring IV medication for at least 24 hours duration were randomized into two groups: with and without the use of Securflux®. Assessments were performed the 10 days after catheter insertion, over three daily visits. The incidence of the onset of reflux (visual/non-visual) and the consequences of reflux for both the patient and healthcare staff were assessed. Results There were 4577 follow-up (study) visits (53.4% in patients with Securflux® and 46.6% without Securflux®). Venous reflux was observed in 14.2% of all visits, more frequently without Securflux® (21.3% vs. 8.1%; P<.05). Reflux was mostly visual without Securflux® (7.6% vs. 0.7%) and non-visual with Securflux® (13.6% vs. 7.3%). The onset of venous reflux carried more consequences, such as inhibition of the line and patient discomfort, in the infusions without Securflux® (81.1% vs. 73.5% of the visits; P<.05). There were no safety concerns related to Securflux®. Conclusions Securflux® is effective, safe and useful for the prevention of venous reflux onset in patients administered IV medication.
Proximal‐type epithelioid sarcoma of the uterine corpus

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EEG-based emotion recognition using Recurrence Plot analysis and K nearest neighbor classifier

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based emotion recognition has been a rapidly growing field. However, accurate and sufficient performance rates are yet to be obtained. This paper presents the classification of EEG correlates on emotion using the relatively new non-linear feature extraction method, namely, Recurrence Plot analysis to extract thirteen non-linear features. This method is compared with feature extraction method based on spectral power analysis. The K nearest neighbor is applied to classify extracted features into the emotional states based on arousal-valence (high/low arousal, valence) plane with the addition of liking axis (positive/negative). Leading to performance rates of 58.05%, 64.56% and 67.42% for 3 classes of valence, arousal and liking; which confirm the advantage of a non-linear feature extraction method over previous frequency based feature extraction techniques.
Impact of Daily Grazing Time on Dairy Cow Welfare—Results of the Welfare Quality® Protocol

Simple Summary It is often presumed that grazing dairy cows experience better welfare than those that are housed all year round. But is this really the case? In this study, we wanted to find out whether the daily amount of time cows spent on pasture affected their welfare. We used the Welfare Quality® assessment protocol for dairy cattle to measure cow welfare on 32 farms (organic and conventional) once in winter (=housing period) and once in summer (=grazing period, if provided). Farms were grouped according to daily grazing time (‘minor/zero’, ‘medium’, and ‘high’). In farms with grazing, overall welfare improved from winter to summer, whereas the situation in minor/zero grazing farms remained largely unchanged. While we found no overall effect of the amount of daily grazing time on cow welfare, the individual measures “% of cows with hairless patches” and “% of lame cows” received better scores in the high grazing farms. However, other measures e.g., related to water provision, scored worse in the grazing farms in summer as opposed to winter. We conclude that grazing offers a high potential to enhance dairy cow welfare during summer. However, beneficial effects are not guaranteed when the overall management does not satisfy the cows´ needs. Abstract Grazing provides livestock better opportunities to act out their species-specific behavior compared to restrictive stable conditions. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of daily grazing time on welfare of dairy cows in organic and conventional farms based on the Welfare Quality® assessment protocol for dairy cattle (WQ®). Therefore, we applied the WQ® on 32 dairy farms (classified in 3 groups: Group 0, minor/zero grazing, n = 14; Group 1, medium grazing, n = 10; Group 2, high grazing, n = 8). We assessed the status of animal welfare once in winter and once in summer. For statistical analyses we used mixed models for repeated measures, with group, season, and their interaction as fixed factors. At the WQ® criteria level, five out of nine examined criteria improved in farms with grazing between winter and summer. In contrast, the welfare situation in minor/zero grazing farms remained largely unchanged. At the level of WQ® measures, only the individual parameters “% of cows with hairless patches” and “% of lame cows” were affected positively by high grazing. Grazing offers a potential to enhance welfare of dairy cows during the summer season, while beneficial effects are not guaranteed when management does not satisfy the animals´ needs.
A Review of Meibography

ABSTRACT Meibomian gland dysfunction is one of the most common causes of dry eye resulting in morphology changes to the meibomian glands. Meibography provides an in vivo means to assess the structure of the meibomian gland. Over the past 40 years, meibography has undergone significant development regarding its application to research and clinical practice. This review describes the evolution of the various meibography techniques, grading methods, and their diagnostic relevance.
Evidence for Two Flagellar Stators and Their Role in the Motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous bacterium capable of twitching, swimming, and swarming motility. In this study, we present evidence that P. aeruginosa has two flagellar stators, conserved in all pseudomonads as well as some other gram-negative bacteria. Either stator is sufficient for swimming, but both are necessary for swarming motility under most of the conditions tested, suggesting that these two stators may have different roles in these two types of motility.
Age-Related Lymphocyte and Neutrophil Levels in Children of Hepatitis C-Infected Women

Background: Investigation of immunologic values in children vertically exposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection could help explain the higher risk of infection in girls and indicate mechanisms of spontaneous viral clearance and possible long-term immunologic effects. Methods: Prospective study of children born to HCV-infected women. Lymphocyte and neutrophil measurements were age-standardized using the LMS method (this summarizes the changing age distribution of a variable). Associations between maternal and infant characteristics and lymphocyte and neutrophil z-scores were quantified using linear regression allowing for repeated measures. Results: HCV-infected children, girls, and those born to HCV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfected women had significantly higher lymphocyte z-scores than HCV-uninfected children, boys, and children born to HCV-only-infected women, respectively. Peak absolute lymphocytes were significantly lower for infected children with evidence of viral clearance than for persistently infected children. Girls also had significantly higher neutrophil z-scores than boys but HCV-infected children had significantly lower neutrophil z-scores than uninfected children. Conclusions: The gender associations are in line with those observed among children born to HIV-infected women, suggesting general gender-based differences in response to infection. Age-related standards for uninfected children could be used to assess immune function in other pediatric diseases and these results suggest that gender-specific reference values should be used at least for the first 2 years of life.
The Use of Repair Strategies: Bilingual Deaf Children Using Sign Language and Spoken Language

The language effects on repair strategies employed by 7 bilingual deaf children (native signers who also used spoken language) was examined. During two sessions—one conducted in sign language and the other in spoken language—each child described a picture. The examiner stopped the child twice to request clarification. The children's responses to the requests were coded into seven repair strategies. Results indicated that language mode significantly influenced repair strategy behavior: In sign language, the children used a greater frequency, variety, and level of strategies. The position of the clarification request also had an effect: Later in the sequence, the children used more advanced strategies. It was assumed that these native signers evidenced a higher language level in sign, which allowed them to use more advanced communicational strategies in sign than in spoken language. This performance gap should be considered in intervention.
Effects of Plyometric Training on Components of Physical Fitness in Prepuberal Male Soccer Athletes: The Role of Surface Instability

Abstract Negra, Y, Chaabene, H, Sammoud, S, Bouguezzi, R, Mkaouer, B, Hachana, Y, and Granacher, U. Effects of plyometric training on components of physical fitness in prepuberal male soccer athletes: the role of surface instability. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3295–3304, 2017—Previous studies contrasted the effects of plyometric training (PT) conducted on stable vs. unstable surfaces on components of physical fitness in child and adolescent soccer players. Depending on the training modality (stable vs. unstable), specific performance improvements were found for jump (stable PT) and balance performances (unstable PT). In an attempt to combine the effects of both training modalities, this study examined the effects of PT on stable surfaces compared with combined PT on stable and unstable surfaces on components of physical fitness in prepuberal male soccer athletes. Thirty-three boys were randomly assigned to either a PT on stable surfaces (PTS; n = 17; age = 12.1 ± 0.5 years; height = 151.6 ± 5.7 cm; body mass = 39.2 ± 6.5 kg; and maturity offset = −2.3 ± 0.5 years) or a combined PT on stable and unstable surfaces (PTC; n = 16; age = 12.2 ± 0.6 years; height = 154.6 ± 8.1 cm; body mass = 38.7 ± 5.0 kg; and maturity offset = −2.2 ± 0.6 years). Both intervention groups conducted 4 soccer-specific training sessions per week combined with either 2 PTS or PTC sessions. Before and after 8 weeks of training, proxies of muscle power (e.g., countermovement jump [CMJ], standing long jump [SLJ]), muscle strength (e.g., reactive strength index [RSI]), speed (e.g., 20-m sprint test), agility (e.g., modified Illinois change of direction test [MICODT]), static balance (e.g., stable stork balance test [SSBT]), and dynamic balance (unstable stork balance test [USBT]) were tested. An analysis of covariance model was used to test between-group differences (PTS vs. PTC) at posttest using baseline outcomes as covariates. No significant between-group differences at posttest were observed for CMJ (p > 0.05, d = 0.41), SLJ (p > 0.05, d = 0.36), RSI (p > 0.05, d = 0.57), 20-m sprint test (p > 0.05, d = 0.06), MICODT (p > 0.05, d = 0.23), and SSBT (p > 0.05, d = 0.20). However, statistically significant between-group differences at posttest were noted for the USBT (p < 0.01, d = 1.49) in favor of the PTC group. For most physical fitness tests (except RSI), significant pre-to-post improvements were observed for both groups (p < 0.01, d = 0.55–3.96). Eight weeks of PTS or PTC resulted in similar performance improvements in components of physical fitness except for dynamic balance. From a performance-enhancing perspective, PTC is recommended for pediatric strength and conditioning coaches because it produced comparable training effects as PTS on proxies of muscle power, muscle strength, speed, agility, static balance, and additional effects on dynamic balance.
DIRECT IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS.

A technique called direct immunoelectrophoresis is described, by which it is possible to visualize the size, shape, position and homogeneity of an entire antigen spot after electrophoresis in agar, by flooding the surface of the agar with antibody. The appearance of the visualized spot is similar to that seen when a protein substance is stained directly with dyes in simple agar electrophoresis. Protein antigens in too low concentration to be demonstrated by staining may be seen by direct immunoelectrophoresis, as may unstainable nonprotein antigens. Physicochemical heterogeneity of immunologically related antigenic substances can, in some cases at least, be demonstrated better by direct than by standard immunoelectrophoresis.