Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression during mania: clinical observations and theoretical implications.

In the course of longitudinal studies of patients with manic-depressive illness, the authors regularly observed clear features of depression during periods of acute mania. The relationship of depression to mania in 20 hospitalized patients was systematically investigated through an analysis of nurses' and physicians' behavioral ratings and notes. Statistically significant positive associations between mania and depression were found in the majority of cases. The psychological implications of the concurrent presence of depression and mania are discussed.
Neuronal activity in the lateral cerebellum of the cat related to visual stimuli at rest, visually guided step modification, and saccadic eye movements

1 The discharge patterns of 166 lateral cerebellar neurones were studied in cats at rest and during visually guided stepping on a horizontal circular ladder. A hundred and twelve cells were tested against one or both of two visual stimuli: a brief full‐field flash of light delivered during eating or rest, and a rung which moved up as the cat approached. Forty‐five cells (40 %) gave a short latency response to one or both of these stimuli. These visually responsive neurones were found in hemispheral cortex (rather than paravermal) and the lateral cerebellar nucleus (rather than nucleus interpositus). 2 Thirty‐seven cells (of 103 tested, 36 %) responded to flash. The cortical visual response (mean onset latency 38 ms) was usually an increase in Purkinje cell discharge rate, of around 50 impulses s−1 and representing 1 or 2 additional spikes per trial (1.6 on average). The nuclear response to flash (mean onset latency 27 ms) was usually an increased discharge rate which was shorter lived and converted rapidly to a depression of discharge or return to control levels, so that there were on average only an additional 0.6 spikes per trial. A straightforward explanation of the difference between the cortical and nuclear response would be that the increased inhibitory Purkinje cell output cuts short the nuclear response. 3 A higher proportion of cells responded to rung movement, sixteen of twenty‐five tested (64 %). Again most responded with increased discharge, which had longer latency than the flash response (first change in dentate output ca 60 ms after start of movement) and longer duration. Peak frequency changes were twice the size of those in response to flash, at 100 impulses s−1 on average and additional spikes per trial were correspondingly 3–4 times higher. Both cortical and nuclear responses were context dependent, being larger when the rung moved when the cat was closer than further away. 4 A quarter of cells (20 of 84 tested, 24 %) modulated their activity in advance of saccades, increasing their discharge rate. Four‐fifths of these were non‐reciprocally directionally selective. Saccade‐related neurones were usually susceptible to other influences, i.e. their activity was not wholly explicable in terms of saccade parameters. 5 Substantial numbers of visually responsive neurones also discharged in relation to stepping movements while other visually responsive neurones discharged in advance of saccadic eye movements. And more than half the cells tested were active in relation both to eye movements and to stepping movements. These combinations of properties qualify even individual cerebellar neurones to participate in the co‐ordination of visually guided eye and limb movements.
Prevalence of antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi by indirect fluorescent antibody assay, ELISA, and western immunoblot in healthy adults in Wisconsin and Arizona.

The prevalence of antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi in healthy adults from Wisconsin and Arizona was determined by indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA), ELISA, and Western immunoblotting. A total of 301 sera from adult volunteer blood donors were collected from three areas of Wisconsin and compared with 49 consecutive anonymous adult volunteer donor sera from Tucson, Arizona, an area without reported Lyme borreliosis. Regional differences in seropositivity were found for Western immunoblotting (34[11%] of 301 from Wisconsin and none of 49 from Tucson; P less than .01) but not IFA or ELISA. No correlation was found among Western immunoblotting and IFA or ELISA results. For persons living in Madison or Milwaukee, Wisconsin (cities not endemic for Lyme borreliosis), 19 (86%) of 22 with a positive Western blot, but only 12 (48%) of 25 with a positive IFA or ELISA, had a significant exposure risk to B. burgdorferi-infected Ixodes dammini (odds ratio, 6.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-43.5). Western blot results were consistent with epidemiologic exposure to B. burgdorferi and implied frequent asymptomatic infection among healthy adults living in or visiting areas endemic for Lyme borreliosis.
Expression of Xenopus XlSALL4 during limb development and regeneration

The multi‐C2H2 zinc‐finger domain containing transcriptional regulators of the spalt (SAL) family plays important developmental regulatory roles. In a competitive subtractive hybridization screen of genes expressed in Xenopus laevis hindlimb regeneration blastemas, we identified a SAL family member that, by phylogenetic analysis, falls in the same clade as human SALL4 and have designated it as XlSALL4. Mutations of human SALL4 have been linked to Okihiro syndrome, which includes preaxial (anterior) limb defects. The expression pattern of XlSALL4 transcripts during normal forelimb and hindlimb development and during hindlimb regeneration at the regeneration‐competent and regeneration‐incompetent stages is temporally and regionally dynamic. We show for the first time that a SAL family member (XlSALL4) is expressed at the right place and time to play a role regulating both digit identity along the anterior/posterior axis and epimorphic limb regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 233:356–367, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subtle visuomotor deficits and reduced benefit from practice in early treated phenylketonuria

ABSTRACT Introduction: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare metabolic disease that causes slight-to-severe neurological symptoms. Slow performance has been observed in PKU but the influence of high-order (i.e., not purely motor) deficits and of temporary variations of the phenylalanine (Phe) level on this slowness has not been fully corroborated as yet. Response speed and the effect of motor practice during the performance of a visuomotor coordination task were measured, in a group of patients with early-treated phenylketonuria (ET PKU). Method: We compared the performance of a group of early-treated PKU patients with ages ranging from 11 to 25 years and a control group of healthy volunteers on a computerized visuomotor task. Participants performed rapid movements towards one of five response buttons, as indicated by a visual stimulus that could appear in five different positions on a computer screen. The results of our visuomotor task were correlated with neurobiological data (Phe levels) and with neuropsychological measures of motor (finger tapping) and executive functions (Stroop task). Results: The ET PKU group showed slower responses than the control group. Furthermore, an absence of a practice effect (i.e., faster response times at the end of the study) was found in the PKU group but not in the control group. Our results also revealed that this absence of practice effect correlated with higher Phe levels on the testing day with respect to the average Phe level of the previous 12 months and, although weakly, with performance on the Stroop task. Conclusions: This pattern of results indicates slower visuomotor performance and a less beneficial effect of practice in ET PKU. The correlations found among our visuomotor measures, the same-day Phe level, and the Stroop test may reflect the negative effects of dopamine reduction in brain areas involved in motor control, selective attention, and learning.
Two-impurity Anderson model: A variational study.

A comprehensive variational study of the two-impurity Anderson model is presented. First a lowest-order basis is introduced, which does not contain electronic excitations above the Fermi level: in this basis, the indirect [ital f]-[ital f] interaction of the form [minus][ital J][bold S][sub 1][center dot][bold S][sub 2] is not generated but is added by hand. The effect of electron-hole (EH) excitations is also studied. A suitable discretization of the continuous band spectrum allows us to obtain all eigenvalues and eigenvectors and to calculate finite-temperature magnetic properties. For a distance [ital R][gt][ital R][sub [ital c]], where [ital R][sub [ital c]][similar to]2.5([ital k][sub [ital F]])[sup [minus]1] ([ital k][sub [ital F]] is the Fermi wave vector), the interference between screening clouds around the two impurities is weak and the physics depends smoothly on the ratio between the coupling [ital J] and the Kondo temperature [ital T][sub [ital K]]. In this regime, the effect of EH excitations is to renormalize the [ital f]-level energy and to add the magnetic interaction. At finite temperature, the results of scaling theory and of quantum Monte Carlo simulations are recovered, with growth of magnetic correlations down to temperatures [ital T][similar to][ital T][sub [ital K]] and a two-stage Kondo effectmore » for [ital J][much gt][ital T][sub [ital K]]. For [ital R][r arrow]0, the impurity spins lock in a triplet and the binding energy is exponentially increased, indicating that a collective Kondo effect takes place. At zero distance, only a half of the total impurity moment is compensated at low temperature. The magnetic interaction now competes with the enhanced binding energy. It is argued that the short-distance beahvior of the two-impurity model is not representative of the properties of the periodic Anderson model close to half-filling. « less
Entropy boundary and jump conditions in the theory of sedimentation with compression

We present an initial–boundary value problem of a quasilinear degenerate parabolic equation for the settling and consolidation of a flocculated suspension. The corresponding definition of generalized solutions is formulated. It is based on an entropy integral inequality in the sense of Kružkov. From this definition, jump and entropy conditions that have to be satisfied at discontinuities, and an entropy condition valid on one boundary of the computational domain are derived. The latter implies a set-valued reformulation of the original boundary condition. It is interpreted geometrically and characterized by the solution of an auxiliary hyperbolic Riemann problem. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart–John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling small-business credit scoring by using logistic regression, neural networks and decision trees: Research Articles

Previous research on credit scoring that used statistical and intelligent methods was mostly focused on commercial and consumer lending. The main purpose of this paper is to extract important features for credit scoring in small-business lending on a dataset with specific transitional economic conditions using a relatively small dataset. To do this, we compare the accuracy of the best models extracted by different methodologies, such as logistic regression, neural networks (NNs), and CART decision trees. Four different NN algorithms are tested, including backpropagation, radial basis function network, probabilistic and learning vector quantization, by using the forward nonlinear variable selection strategy. Although the test of differences in proportion and McNemar's test do not show a statistically significant difference in the models tested, the probabilistic NN model produces the highest hit rate and the lowest type I error. According to the measures of association, the best NN model also shows the highest degree of association with the data, and it yields the lowest total relative cost of misclassification for all scenarios examined. The best model extracts a set of important features for small-business credit scoring for the observed sample, emphasizing credit programme characteristics, as well as entrepreneur's personal and business characteristics as the most important ones. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of ginseng on secretory IgA, performance, and recovery from interval exercise.

PURPOSE This study examined the efficacy of ginseng to modulate secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), exercise performance, and recovery from repeated bouts of strenuous physical exertion. METHODS Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized design, 38 active healthy adults supplemented their diets with a standardized ginseng concentrate (400 mg.d-1 of G115; equivalent to 2 g of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer root material) or placebo (lactose) for 8 wk. Before and after the intervention, each subject performed three consecutive 30-s Wingate tests interspersed with 3-min recovery periods under controlled laboratory conditions. SIgA secretion rate (S-SIgA) and the relation of SIgA to total protein were calculated from measures of saliva flow rate (SFR), and absolute SIgA and salivary protein concentrations in timed, whole unstimulated saliva samples collected before and after exercise testing. Peak and mean mechanical power output (W.kg-1) was measured with an infrared-beam optical-sensor array, and exercise recovery heart rate (HRR) was determined electrocardiographically. RESULTS Twenty-seven subjects (12 placebo, 15 ginseng) completed the study. Compared with rest, S-SIgA, SIgA:protein ratio, and SFR were lower after exercise at baseline (P < 0.05). Similarly, both peak and mean mechanical power output declined (P < 0.01) across consecutive Wingate tests. Postintervention minus preintervention change scores for salivary parameters, exercise performance, and HRR were similar between ginseng- and placebo-treated groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings do not support the hypothesis that ginseng may affect mucosal immunity as indicated by changes in secretory IgA at rest and after an exercise induced state of homeostatic disturbance. Supplementation with ginseng fails to improve physical performance and heart rate recovery of individuals undergoing repeated bouts of exhausting exercise.
Myeloperoxidase-Cl--H2O2 bactericidal system: effect of bacterial membrane structure and growth conditions

The human-myeloperoxidase-Cl--H2O2 bactericidal system killed (i) smooth Enterobacteria spp. greater than or equal to rough and (ii) static-grown, stationary-phase bacteria greater than or equal to aerated-grown, log-phase. This is in contrast to human neutrophil granule extracts (involved in nonoxidative bactericidal mechanisms) that kill rough and aerated log-phase Enterobacteria spp. much more efficiently.
A Mathematical and Numerical Framework for Bubble Meta-Screens

The aim of this paper is to provide a mathematical and numerical framework for the analysis and design of bubble meta-screens. An acoustic meta-screen is a thin sheet with patterned subwavelength structures, which nevertheless has a macroscopic effect on acoustic wave propagation. In this paper, periodic subwavelength bubbles mounted on a reflective surface (with Dirichlet boundary condition) are considered. It is shown that the structure behaves as an equivalent surface with Neumann boundary condition at the Minnaert resonant frequency which corresponds to a wavelength much greater than the size of the bubbles. An analytical formula for this resonance is derived. Numerical simulations confirm its accuracy and show how it depends on the ratio between the periodicity of the lattice, the size of the bubble, and the distance from the reflective surface. The results of this paper formally explain the superabsorption behavior observed in [V. Leroy et al., Phys. Rev. B, 19 (2015), 02031].
Recent Developments in Immunotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Despite high rates of initial response to frontline therapy, the prognosis of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is still unsatisfactory, as many of them fail to reach a stable complete molecular response and they ultimately relapse. Intensification of chemotherapy regimens has determined a survival improvement especially in younger patients, but this strategy is less effective in case of unfavourable, high-risk cytogenetics and it is not feasible in unfit patients. The number of target therapies for ALL patients has rapidly increased in the recent years. In particular, the use of drugs targeting either CD19 (blinatumomab and Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T cells) or CD22 (inotuzumab ozogamicin) led to unexpected high rates of deep/complete molecular response also in patients with relapsed/refractory disease after several lines of treatment, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Unfortunately, this huge degree of response has determined so far only a small improvement of survival due to the short duration of remission, in particular when early consolidation with HSCT could not be performed. Early employment of immunotherapy, either at diagnosis or at first remission, seems a promising strategy to be tested in future prospective trials.
Cervico-Ocular Reflex in Normal Subjects and Patients with Unilateral Vestibular Hypofunction

Objective To determine whether the cervico-ocular reflex contributes to gaze stability in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Study Design Prospective study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients Patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (n = 3) before and after vestibular rehabilitation and healthy subjects (n = 7). Interventions Vestibular rehabilitation. Main Outcome Measures We measured the cervico-ocular reflex in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction before and after vestibular rehabilitation and in healthy subjects. To measure the cervico-ocular reflex, we recorded eye movements with a scleral search coil while the trunk moved at 0.3, 1.0, and 1.5 Hz beneath a stabilized head. To determine whether the head was truly stabilized, we measured head movement using a search coil. Results We found no evidence of cervico-ocular reflex in any of the seven healthy subjects or in two of the patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. In one patient with chronic unilateral vestibular hypofunction, the cervico-ocular reflex was present before vestibular rehabilitation only for leftward trunk rotation (relative head rotation toward the intact side). After 5 weeks of placebo exercises, there was no change in the cervico-ocular reflex. After an additional 5 weeks that included vestibular exercises, cervico-ocular reflex gain for leftward trunk rotation had increased threefold. In addition, there was now evidence of a cervico-ocular reflex for rightward trunk rotation, potentially compensating for the vestibular deficit. Conclusion The cervico-ocular reflex appears to be a highly inconsistent mechanism. The change of the cervico-ocular reflex in one patient after vestibular exercises suggests that the cervico-ocular reflex may be adaptable in some patients.
Comparison of degrees of maturity of rabbit lines selected for different traits

The aim of this work was to study whether commercial nucleus lines of rabbits selected for different traits, and experimental lines having commercial purposes, have the same degree of maturity when compared at the same slaughter age. The study was carried out with 17897 rabbits from Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. Rabbits came from the maternal lines A (3902 rabbits; 44 th generation), V (4238 rabbits; 39 th generation) and LP (6115 rabbits; 9 th generation), selected for litter size at weaning; the paternal line R (2023 rabbits; 25 th generation), selected for growth rate between 28 and 63 days of age; the maternal line OR (586 rabbits; 11 th generation) selected for ovulation rate; and the lines High (503 rabbits; 5 th generation) and Low (530 rabbits; 5 th generation) lines, from a divergent selection for high and low intramuscular fat, respectively. Rabbits were weighted at 28 (W28) and 63 (W63) days of age. Rabbit does (42, 25, 39, 94, 14, 32 and 22 from lines A, V, R, LP, OR, High and Low, respectively) were weighed between 30 and 80 wk of age to determine adult weight (AW). Line R had higher W28 and W63, growth rate between 28 and 63 d of age and AW than lines A, V and LP (5802 g vs. 4410, 4222, and 4391 g for AW, respectively). No relevant differences between lines in degrees of maturity at 28 and 63 d of age and time to reach 40% of degree of maturity (percentage of weight compared to AW) were found between lines A, V, R and LP, but the degree of maturity at 2000 g and the time taken to reach that weight were lower in line R (34.7% and 55.2 d) than in lines A (45.5% and 71.1 d), V (47.4% and 69.6 d), and LP (45.8% and 68.0 d). No relevant differences were found between lines OR, High and Low in the traits analysed. A robustness analysis showed that results can be extrapolated to other commercial lines and other slaughter weights. In conclusion, comparison of lines at similar slaughter age could be considered a valid approach for comparisons at the same maturity stage.
Evidence of magnetic field decay in massive main-sequence stars

A significant fraction of massive main-sequence stars show strong, large-scale magnetic fields. The origin of these fields, their lifetimes, and their role in shaping the characteristics and evolution of massive stars are currently not well understood. We compile a catalogue of 389 massive main-sequence stars, 61 of which are magnetic, and derive their fundamental parameters and ages. The two samples contain stars brighter than magnitude 9 in the V band and range in mass between 5 and 100 Msun. We find that the fractional main-sequence age distribution of all considered stars follows what is expected for a magnitude limited sample, while that of magnetic stars shows a clear decrease towards the end of the main sequence. This dearth of old magnetic stars is independent of the choice of adopted stellar evolution tracks, and appears to become more prominent when considering only the most massive stars. We show that the decreasing trend in the distribution is significantly stronger than expected from magnetic flux conservation. We also find that binary rejuvenation and magnetic suppression of core convection are unlikely to be responsible for the observed lack of older magnetic massive stars, and conclude that its most probable cause is the decay of the magnetic field, over a time span longer than the stellar lifetime for the lowest considered masses, and shorter for the highest masses. We then investigate the spin-down ages of the slowly rotating magnetic massive stars and find them to exceed the stellar ages by far in many cases. The high fraction of very slowly rotating magnetic stars thus provides an independent argument for a decay of the magnetic fields.
[Biochemical screening and genetic diagnosis of thalassemia in children from Kunming].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the types and frequency of gene mutations in children with thalassemia in Kunming, Yunan Province. METHODS A biochemical screening for thalassemia was performed by testing RBC fragility, MCV and hemoglobin electrophoresis on 1338 children from Kunming, Yunnan Province. Genetic diagnosis was performed on the children with α-thalassemia by gap-PCR and on the children with β-thalassemia by PCR-RDB. RESULTS The positive rate of the biochemical screening for thalassemia was 11.36% (152 cases). The positive rate of genetic diagnosis was 8.59% (115 cases). Of the 115 cases, α-thalassemia was found in 43 cases, β-thalassemia in 68 cases and α-combined-β thalassemia in 4 cases. --SEA/αα accounted for 47%, -α4. 2/αα accounted for 21%, and HbH disease accounted for 14%. Six genotypes were found in 68 cases of β-thalassemia and the mutation frequency of βE was the highest (32%), followed by CD41-42 (24%), CD17 (23%), IVS-II654 (10%), CD71-72 (10%), and -28 (1%). CONCLUSIONS The frequency of gene mutations for thalassemia is high in children from Kunming, Yunnan Province. Premarital and prenatal screenings and genetic diagnosis for thalassemia should be carried out in this area.