Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast outflows in ultraluminous X-ray sources

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are bright extragalactic sources with X-ray luminosities above 10^39 erg/s powered by accretion onto compact objects. According to the first studies performed with XMM-Newton ULXs seemed to be excellent candidates to host intermediate-mass black holes (10^2-4 solar masses). However, in the last years the interpretation of super-Eddington accretion onto stellar-mass black holes or neutron stars for most ULXs has gained a strong consensus. One critical missing piece to confirm the super-Eddington scenario was the direct detection of the massive, radiatively-driven winds expected as atomic emission/absorption lines in ULX spectra. The first evidence for winds was found as residuals in the soft X-ray spectra of ULXs. Most recently we have been able to resolve these residuals into rest-frame emission and blueshifted (~0.2c) absorption lines arising from highly ionized gas in the deep high-resolution XMM-Newton spectra of two ultraluminous X-ray sources. The compact object is therefore surrounded by powerful ultrafast winds as predicted by models of hyper-Eddington accretion. Here we discuss the relevance of these discoveries and the importance of further, deep, XMM-Newton observations of powerful winds in many other ultraluminous X-ray sources to estimate the energetics of the wind, the geometry of the system, and the masses of the central accretors.
Molecular Marker Application in Capsicum spp: A Supplement to Conventional Plant Breeding

century it was introduced to India by Portuguese traders. Chilli is diploid in nature with chromosome number 2n=24, genome size is 2700 Mb and total available genes are 30,701 (Solgenomics). It consists of several species, of which, only five species viz., Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum pubescence, Capsicum chinense and Capsicum baccatum are cultivated in different parts of the world (Perry et al., 2007). Three complexes have been identified in the Capsicum genus as given in Figure 1 (Taranto et al., 2016). Chilli is often cross pollinated crop and frequency of crosspollination in the field can range from just 2% to as high as 90% (Pickersgill, 1997).
Changes of the Knitted Fabric Properties due to Exposure to Outdoor Natural Weathering

In order to investigate the changes of knitted fabric properties due to exposure to outdoor natural weathering, a series of single jersey fabrics made from different raw materials was produced. The fabrics were exposed to summer weather conditions in duration of three months. The exposure of knitted fabrics to outdoor natural weathering in the summer period affected all investigated properties, namely, structural properties, tensile properties and heat resistance. The most significant changes were: the vertical density increased up to 31%, the mass per unit area increased up to 26%, the breaking force decreased in both directions for up to 54% and the heat resistance decreased up to 18%.
Copper Status and its Relation with Soil Properties in Pea Growing Soils of High Hills Dry Temperate Zone of Himachal Pradesh

To study the status of copper in pea growing soils of high hills dry temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh, a total of 140 soil and plant samples each were collected from 28 locations with five samples from each location. The soil and plant samples were collected from the same spot and due attention was given to select a site that plant must be varying in their growth conditions. The soils are neutral to alkaline in reaction with pH from 6.2 to 10.3, sandy loam to sandy clay loam in texture, high in organic carbon content (4.2 to 40.8 g kg−1), high calcium carbonate content (0.1 to 14.4%) and high in CEC (3.5 to 62.0 C mol (P+)/kg) with an average values of 7.6, 18.3, 2.0 and 18.4, respectively. The total-Cu in soil varied from 4 to 92 mg kg−1 with an average value of 43 mg kg−1. It was highest in Kinnaur valley (50 mg kg−1) followed by Udaipur valley (45 mg kg−1) and least in Spiti valley (34 mg kg−1). The mean values of DTPA-Cu were 1.1, 1.0, 0.9, 0.4 and 0.7 mg kg−1 in Udaipur, Pattan, Gondhla, Spiti and Kinnaur valley, respectively, only 8.6 per cent of soil samples were found deficient in DTPA-Cu. Wide variations plant copper observed from 1.0 to 56.0 mg kg−1 with an average value of 12.0 mg kg−1. The percentage of deficiency and toxicity in pea plants were observed to be 12 and 18%, respectively. DTPA-Cu showed the significant and positive correlation with organic carbon and clay content of the soil. The soil pH and CaCO3 had the negative and significant correlation with the DTPA-Cu. Soil pH was the major contributing factor, which resulted in 11 per cent of total variations in DTPA-Cu. The organic carbon and CaCO3 content was the second most property, which contributed significantly to a level of 4 per cent each, respectively.
Epidemiology of sharp instruments injuries at a dental school in Sudan

Dental practice represents an occupational hazard for injuries and transmission of serious infections and dental students are generally considered at a higher risk because they undertake exposure prone techniques during their training years. No published literature is available on sharp injuries among dentists in Sudan. The aim of this survey was to describe the epidemiology of sharp instruments injuries in dental students at a dental school in Sudan. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on prevalence, protective strategies, hepatitis B immunization, health status following injuries and post-exposure prophylaxis. The response rate was 100% and females constituted 89.1% (41) of the sample. Thirty-two (69.6%) students reported being exposed to a sharp instruments injury and most injuries (22, 68.8%) occurred in the conservative dentistry department. The main tools causing injury are the syringe needle (16, 50%) and endodontic file (16, 50%). Endodontic treatment was the principle procedure causing injury (15, 46.9%). Twenty-five (78.1%) of students did not report their injury. None have tested for a blood borne virus after injury. Anxiety and stress was reported by 19 (59.4%) students. Thirty-five (76.1%) students were fully vaccinated against hepatitis B. Seven (15.2%) were aware of full details on standard precautions. Forty-two (91.3%) students practiced needle re-capping. The findings of this survey indicate the need for efficient training of dental students that encourages prevention of sharp injuries; compliance with standard precautions; preclinical HBV testing, immunization and efficacy testing; reporting of injuries and follow-up with provision of PEP.
Fumonisins production potential of Fusarium verticillioides isolated from Serbian maize and wheat kernels

The production of fumonisins by potentially toxigenic Fusarium verti­ cillioides isolates originating from Serbian maize and wheat kernels was tested in vitro. A total of six F. verticillioides isolates were incubated on yeast extract sucrose medium (YESA) for 4 weeks at 25 °C in the dark. Their toxin production potential was tested by applying a modified HPLC method for determination of fumonisins in cereals, since the TLC method gave no results. Analyses were performed on a HPLC-FLD system after sample extraction from YESA and extract clean-up on a SPE column. Although the isolates were tested for fumonisin B1, B2 and B3, only fumonisin B1 was detected. The results showed that all tested isolates had toxigenic potential for fumonisin B1 production. The average fumonisin B1 production of the isolates ranged from 7 to 289 μg/kg, thus indicating a highly variable toxigenic potential among the isolates. Isolate 1282 expressed the highest toxigenic potential for fumonisin B1 production (289 μg/kg), while isolate 2533/A showed a questionable potential for fumonisin production (7 μg/kg).
Pricing and Inference with Mixtures of Conditionally Normal Processes

We consider the problems of derivative pricing and inference when the stochastic discount factor has an exponential-affine form and the geometric return of the underlying asset has a dynamics characterized by a mixture of conditionally Normal processes. We consider both the static case in which the underlying process is a white noise distributed as a mixture of Gaussian distributions (including extreme risks and jump diffusions) and the dynamic case in which the underlying process is conditionally distributed as a mixture of Gaussian laws. Semi-parametric, non parametric and Switching Regime situations are also considered. In all cases, the risk-neutral processes and explicit pricing formulas are obtained.
High-sensitivity integrated devices based on surface plasmon resonance for sensing applications

A metallic nanostructured array that scatters radiation toward a thin metallic layer generates surface plasmon resonances for normally incident light. The location of the minimum of the spectral reflectivity serves to detect changes in the index of refraction of the medium under analysis. The normal incidence operation eases its integration with optical fibers. The geometry of the arrangement and the material selection are changed to optimize some performance parameters as sensitivity, figure of merit, field enhancement, and spectral width. This optimization takes into account the feasibility of the fabrication. The evaluated results of sensitivity (1020 nm/RIU) and figure of merit (614 RIU−1) are competitive with those previously reported.
Abstinence related training needs for youth in the context of HIV/AIDS in Newcastle Uniting Presbyterian Church

The aim of this research study was to investigate the needs of youth within the Uniting Presbyterian church in Newcastle to abstain from sex before marriage with a view to developing guidelines for an abstinence training program. Youth within the church are encouraged to abstain from sex until marriage as a strategy to prevent infection from HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. It is therefore important to identify youth abstinence training needs. The project further evaluated current HIV and AIDS programs at Newcastle UPCSA and identified gaps between these programmes and the need for abstinence training for youth. Findings from this investigation provided recommendations for the development of guidelines for an HIV/AIDS youth friendly program that provides skills to abstain from premarital sex. This study elicited data from 25 young people (aged between 15-24 years, five of them male) and 3 leaders (2 coordinators and a local minister). Three types of data were collected namely: self administered questionnaires with 25 young people (aged 15-24 years), three in-depth interviews with two HIV and AIDS Coordinators and a local minister in charge of the congregation, and a focus group discussion with the same group of 25 youth. What came out clearly is that youth who already have children or those in romantic relationships are more likely to be sexually active than abstaining. Further to this, youths who experience pressure to abstain are doing so because of lack of opportunity and the pressure on them. The research concluded that the abstinence-only approach is not enough to address the needs of youth in preventing them from HIV infection. The author suggests that there is a need for a comprehensive approach to sexuality education for young people and recommended intervention strategies that will promote condom use in a targeted way to those who are sexually active, and provide them with relevant prevention information.
New records and range extension of some mosses in tropical areas of Chile

A total of thirteen mosses are reported as new for Chile: Aloinella andina Delgad. , Coscinodontella bryanii R.S. Williams, Didymodon acutus (Brid.) K. Saito, Erythrophyllopsis fuscula (Mull. Hal.) Hilp. , Fissidens excurrentinervis R.S. Williams, Grimmia molesta J. Munoz, Grimmia pseudoanodon Deguchi, Jaffueliobryum williamsii (Deguchi) Delgad. , Leptopteriginandrum austroalpinum Mull. Hal. , Pseudocrossidium elatum (R.S. Williams) Delgad. , Rhexophyllum subnigrum (Mitt.) Hilp. , Saitobryum lorentzii (Mull. Hal.) Ochyra, and Syntrichia fragilis (Taylor) Ochyra. In addition, Grimmia plagiopodia Hedw. , which was previosly known from Southern Chile, is reported ca. 3500 km more to the north, near the Bolivian border.
The effect of the environment on the structure, morphology and star-formation history of intermediate-redshift galaxies

With the aim of understanding the effect of the environment on the star formation history and morphological transformation of galaxies, we present a detailed analysis of the colour, morphology and internal structure of cluster and field galaxies at 0.4≤z≤0.8. We use {\em HST} data for over 500 galaxies from the ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS) to quantify how the galaxies' light distribution deviate from symmetric smooth profiles. We visually inspect the galaxies' images to identify the likely causes for such deviations. We find that the residual flux fraction (RFF), which measures the fractional contribution to the galaxy light of the residuals left after subtracting a symmetric and smooth model, is very sensitive to the degree of structural disturbance but not the causes of such disturbance. On the other hand, the asymmetry of these residuals (Ares) is more sensitive to the causes of the disturbance, with merging galaxies having the highest values of Ares. Using these quantitative parameters we find that, at a fixed morphology, cluster and field galaxies show statistically similar degrees of disturbance. However, there is a higher fraction of symmetric and passive spirals in the cluster than in the field. These galaxies have smoother light distributions than their star-forming counterparts. We also find that while almost all field and cluster S0s appear undisturbed, there is a relatively small population of star-forming S0s in clusters but not in the field. These findings are consistent with relatively gentle environmental processes acting on galaxies infalling onto clusters.
Effect of food ingredients and selected lipids on the physical properties of extruded edible films/casings

Summary Films/casings produced using pectin (PN) and gelatin/sodium alginate blends (GSAB) containing 2.5 and 5% added corn oil (CO) or olive oil (OO) and non-oil containing were manufactured using extrusion technology. Films/casings formed from PN and GSAB had great difference in properties of tensile strength, elongation, Young's modulus and puncture resistance. Quality and stability of films/casings were greatly enhanced on addition of oils. However, an oil addition of 2.5% was identified as optimal while 5% decreased the final films/casings quality. Oil addition increased (P < 0.05) films/casings thicknesses. Oil addition also decreased (P < 0.05) tensile strength, puncture resistance, Young's modulus and tear resistance of films/casings but increased their elongation properties, with the exception of converse effect of 2.5% CO on two films/casings. Olive oil and CO both reduced (P < 0.05) water vapour transfer rate (WVTR) of films/casings. However, no significant difference between films using different concentrations of oil was observed with respect to WVTR.
Strategi memanfaatkan e-commerce dalam memasarkan makanan khas Bangka (Studi Kasus : Aneka Citra Snack)

Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) adalah salah satu pilar ekonomi Indonesia yang tahan goncangan dan resesi. UKM umumnya berangkat dari usaha yang berakar pada budaya dan kekhasan suatu daerah. Walaupun awalnya lebih banyak bergerak di wilayahnya saja, pemerintah mencanangkan upaya digitalisasi UKM dengan menggalakkan penjualan elektronik atau e-commerce. Di Bangka Belitung UKM bergerak dibidang usaha makanan khas daerah, pakaian dan kain tenun cual khas Bangka, dan beberapa bidang usaha jasa lainnya. Untuk mendapatkan strategi yang tepat memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dalam penjualan elektronik, maka penelitian ini mempunyai dua metode penelitian. Pertama menganalisis faktor – faktor apa saja yang mendorong UKM untuk menggunakan e-commerce. Analisis beberapa faktor pendorong ini dilakukan dengan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP adalah metode pengambilan keputusan yang mampu menyeleksi multikriteria faktor sehingga menghasilkan hasil analisis akurat. Hasil pengolahan data dengan AHP menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling besar bobotnya adalah faktor teknologi informasi sebesar 33,2%, dan alternatif yang paling tinggi bobotnya adalah pelaku bisnis usaha makanan khas dengan bobot 38,8%. Dengan adanya hasil analisa AHP tersebut, maka penelitian dilanjutkan dengan merancang sistem informasi berbasis web untuk mendorong UKM menjalankan transaksi penjualan secara elektronik. Analisa dan perancangan sistem dilakukan dengan metode Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) agar sistem dapat dikembangkan secara bertahap. Keywords : UKM, Bangka Belitung, AHP
A Note on Two Diophantine Equations

We consider the Diophantine equation 2x 2 +1 =y n ,n ≥ 3. By reducing to the case y = 3 and then by certain simple deduction, we are able to give a complete solution to the equation, namely (x,y,n )= (11,3,5) is the only positive integer solution of the equation. We also give an elementary solution to the equation x 2 +1 =2 y n ,n≥ 3.
How to Invest in Stocks of Family Business Groups? Case Study of WALSIN Group in Taiwan

The impact of family business groups on the industry has drawn different views. A major challenge for investors is to understand the business model of enterprises and enhance the trading performance in the financial market. Using the data of WALSIN family group, this article adopts generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model (EGARCH) to investigate the volatility of stock prices of WALSIN family group. The overall evidence suggests that the relationship between the leverage effect after including the leading company variable and the absence of the leading company appears to be significant at the 1% level. Therefore, the leverage effect after including the leading company has a certain effect on the financial operation of the family business group. In other words, it is helpful to include the leverage effect of the leading company in the portfolio, which can stabilize the trading performance of the WALSIN family group. Furthermore, this study adopts Granger causality and program trading to test the strategy of following the leader of WALSIN family group. The net trading profit during this period is 71.03%. The results show that the technical analysis tested in this study can lead to trading profits and investors can increase their trading profits by following the leader in the family owned business.
A New Genus of Late Ordovician—Early Silurian Pentameride Brachiopods and Its Phylogenetic Relationships

Protanastrophia repanda gen. et sp. nov. is a reef-dwelling parastrophinid brachiopod in the Lower Silurian (uppermost Telychian) Attawapiskat Formation of the Hudson Bay region of Canada. It is characterized by a small, quasi-smooth shell with gentle anterior costae, a tendency towards an asymmetrical, sigmoidal anterior commissure, and widely separate, subparallel inner hinge plates. Protanastrophia first appeared in the marginal seas of Siberia (Altai, Mongolia) during the Late Ordovician, retaining the primitive character of discrete inner hinge plates in the superfamily Camerelloidea, and preferred a carbonate mound depositional environment. It survived the Late Ordovician mass extinction and subsequently spread to Baltica and Laurentia during Early Silurian (Llandovery) time. Superficially similar asymmetrical shells of Parastrophina portentosa occur in the Upper Ordovician carbonate mound facies of Kazakhstan but differ internally from the new genus in having a septum-supported septalium. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that, within the Camerelloidea, asymmetrical shells with a sigmoidal anterior commissure evolved in Protanastrophia repanda and Parastrophina portentosa independently during the Late Ordovician as a case of homoplasy. The two species belong to separate parastrophinid lineages that evolved in widely separate palaeogeographic regions.
Occurrence of the non-native sleeper Butis koilomatodon (Bleeker, 1849) (Perciformes: Eleotridae) in the Amazon coastal zone, Brazil

The eleotrid Butis koilomatodon (Bleeker, 1849) is native to estuarine waters of the Indo-Pacific Ocean, between China and Madagascar. This species has now been recorded at two sites on the Brazilian coastline (Espirito Santo and Para state) but so far there have been no published reports of this occurrence. The process through which the species was introduced into Brazil is unclear, although mechanisms such as the discharge of ballast water and biofouling are known to be important factors in the dispersal of marine organisms in Brazil.
Hearing Ability in Orchestral Musicians

Pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were determined in 57 classical orchestral musicians along with a questionnaire inquiry using a modified Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability and Handicap ((m)AIADH). Data on musicians' working experience and sound pressure levels produced by various groups of instruments were also collected. Measured hearing threshold levels (HTLs) were compared with the theoretical predictions calculated according to ISO 1999:1990. High frequency notched audiograms typical for noise-induced hearing loss were found in 28% of the subjects. PTA and TEOAE consistently showed a tendency toward better hearing in females vs. males, younger vs. older subjects, and lower- vs. higher-exposed to orchestral noise subjects. Audiometric HTLs were better than theoretical predictions in the frequency range of 2000-4000 Hz. The (m)AIADH scores indicated some hearing difficulties in relation to intelligibility in noisy environment in 26% of the players. Our results indicated a need to implement a hearing conservation program for this professional group.
Credit Risk Management and Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Kampala, Uganda

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether relationship exist between credit risk management techniques and financial performance of microfinance institutions in Kampala, Uganda. Specifically, the study examined whether there is a relationship between credit risk identification, credit risk appraisal, credit risk monitoring, credit risk mitigation and financial performance of microfinance institutions in Kampala using sample of 60 members of staff in finance and credit departments of three licensed microfinance institutions in Kampala, Uganda namely Finca Uganda Ltd, Pride Microfinance Ltd, UGAFODE Microfinance Ltd. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and it comprised of closed ended questions. Secondary data was collected from the microfinance institutions (MDI’s) annual reports (2011 - 2015). Frequencies and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the population. Pearson linear correlation coefficient was adopted to examine relationship between credit risk management techniques and financial performance. The findings indicate that credit risk identification and credit risk appraisal has a strong positive relationship on financial performance of MDIs, while credit risk monitoring and credit risk mitigation have moderate significant positive relationship on financial performance of MDIs. The study recommends, among others, that the credit risk appraisal process should identify and analyse all loss exposures, and measure such loss exposures. This should guide in selection of technique or combination of techniques to handle each exposure. The study concludes that MDIs should continually emphasise effective credit risk identification, credit risk appraisal, credit risk monitoring, and credit risk mitigation techniques to enhance maximum financial performance.