Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decreased mating propensity of macropterous morph in a flightless wing-polymorphic insect, Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera)

The effect of wing length (brachyptery and macroptery) on mating activity was investigated in adult males and females of a flightless wing-polymorphic insect, Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.). Mating activity of the brachypterous and macropterous adult bugs was assessed according to 14 different parameters. The competition tests revealed higher numbers of copulations and greater dura- tion of mating activity in brachypterous than in macropterous males. Brachypterous males are between two to four times more suc- cessful in competition for females than their macropterous counterparts, depending on the wing morph and physiological status of the females. Decreased mating success of macropterous males is associated with the smaller size of their accessory glands. Lowered competitive ability for mates is a likely penalty associated with macroptery. Receptivity tests showed the highest tendency to mate in reproductive brachypterous females, lower in macropterous females and the least in diapausing brachypterous females. This is the first report of decreased mating propensity of macropterous morphs in insects with non-functional wing polymorphism. The associa- tion of lowered mating success with the higher dispersal activity of the macropterous morph in this bug and a trade-off between the ability to reproduce and to disperse in the flightless wing-polymorphic insects is discussed.
Effects of Salicylic Acid on Gaba Metabolism in Pepper Plants under Stress Conditions

Salicylic acid (SA) is a potential plant hormone that enhances the capacity of plants to cope with various stress factors. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important non-protein amino acid, which is increased by stress conditions. However, the interaction between SA and GABA is not well known. In this response the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SA on GABA metabolism in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) under individual and combined salt (NaCl) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced osmotic stresses. Total chlorophyll content, the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.4.1.4) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15), GABA content were analyzed in the leaves of pepper plants. Total chlorophyll content was decreased by combined salt and PEG-induced osmotic stresses. Individual SA, NaCl and PEG applications increased GDH activity. Under stress conditions, SA did not enhance GDH activity; however, GAD activity was increased within these conditions. Our results showed that salicylic acid application did not enhance GABA accumulation during individual and combined stress conditions. The dose and application process of SA could lead to this result. However further studies should be done to identify the interaction between SA and GABA under various stress conditions.
Forward and Backward Logistic Regression Analysis to Give the Estimation of Tight Diabetes Control: Review

Poor glycemic control is a major public health problem. In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of poor glycemic control was high among patients with diabetes mellitus. Good glycemic control is a major objective for the prevention or postponement of long-term complications from diabetes. Marker of diabetes control is the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has designated an HbA1c level of <7% as a goal for optimal blood glucose control. The majority of the population today has poorly understood the implication of statistics in the field of medicine. People often refer to statistics as merely as the science of numbers and that its relationship to another field of sciences is far beyond their knowledge and comprehension. Albeit the fact that absolute certainty in medicine is rare, statistics is still utilized to interpret data. In fact, scientists used different statistical methods to improve medicine. For many years, medicine had evolved and reached its present advancement through studies that used the statistical technique for data analysis. However, in this study, logistic regression analysis, the predictors of poor glycemic control were only positive family history of diabetes (OR=3.45, 95% CI: 1.29-9.18) and on oral hypoglycemic agents (OR=78.14, 95% CI=8.88-687.69), and on insulin/combination treatment (OR=37.57, 95% CI: 4.07-346.55) than diet alone. This rather high proportion of poor glycemic control implies the need for the Diabetic Centre to make an effort to develop continuing educational programs that emphasize lifestyle modification and the importance of adherence to a treatment regimen for glycemic control among diabetic patients. This rather high proportion of poor glycemic control implies the need for the Diabetic Centre to make an effort to develop continuing educational programs that emphasize lifestyle modification and the importance of adherence to a treatment regimen for glycemic control among diabetic patients.
Effect of Compensation and Work Environment on Employee Performance with Employee Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable

An employee who has a high performance and better able to support the achievement of the goals and objectives set by the company. Employees can work well if you have a high performance that can produce good work anyway. With the high- performance that employees, is expected to achieve organizational goals. This study examines the effect of compensation and work environment on employee performance with job satisfaction to be intervening variable. Data on compensation, work environment, job satisfaction, and employee performance obtained through observation, record keeping and questioner with respondents. The data obtained are then analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS). Statistical tests results showed (1) the compensation proved significant positive effect on job satisfaction the path coefficient of 0.434 and T-Stats for 4.880, (2) work environment proved to be a significant positive effect on job satisfaction the path coefficient of 0.434 and T-Stats for 4.074, (3) job satisfaction proved to be a significant positive effect on employee performance the path coefficient of 0.264 and T-Stats for 2.458, (4) compensation proved positive and significant effect employee performance the path coefficient of 0.242 and T-Stats for 2.912, (5) work environment proved positive and significant effect employee performance the path coefficient of 0.378 and T-Stats for 3.343. Based on test results obtained statistical results of all variables positive and signicant impact.
Some Biological Aspects of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, (Acari: Tetranychidae) at Constant Temperatures Salwa M. El-Saied Sholla

Citation: Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci. (A. Entomology) Vol.9 (2)pp. 6168(2016) Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences is the official English language journal of the Egyptian Society for Biological Sciences, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Shams University. Entomology Journal publishes original research papers and reviews from any entomological discipline or from directly allied fields in ecology, behavioral biology, physiology, biochemistry, development, genetics, systematics, morphology, evolution, control of insects, arachnids, and general entomology. www.eajbs. eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.
Dual Burden Households and Nutritional Inequality in Indonesia

Overweight is an increasing problem in many developing countries, coexisting with underweight and contributing to a dual burden of malnutrition, sometimes in the same households. We analyze the dual burden phenomenon in Indonesia, using panel data that span a time period of 15 years. Today, 17 percent of the Indonesian households are classified as dual burden. In these households, children are often underweight, whereas adults are overweight. The nutrition transition seems to have differential impacts on the body mass index of different age cohorts. Dual burden is a transitory phenomenon. It started in the richer population segments, but today the highest prevalence is observed in the lowest expenditure quintile. Most households that moved out of the dual burden category end up as overweight. We also develop a continuous Theil index of intra-household nutritional inequality. While the prevalence of dual burden households has hardly changed over the last 10 years, the Theil index increased steadily. The reason is that intra-household inequality is also rising within household categories. Such inequality makes policy design more complex; food and nutrition interventions need to be targeted more specifically at subgroups within households. Further socioeconomic determinants are analyzed econometrically. Female decision-making reduces intra-household nutritional inequality.
Van der Waals interaction between surface and particle with giant polarizability

We show that a nanoparticle with a “giant” polarizability α (i.e., with the polarizability volume 0 4πε α = α′ significantly exceeding the particle volume) placed in the vicinity of a surface experiences a strongly increased van der Waals force at distances comparable or smaller than the characteristic scale ( ) 3 1 0 α′ ∝ R . At distances close to R0, the oscillation mode of the particle dipole moment softens, so nonlinear polarizability must be taken into account to describe the particle-surface interaction. It is shown that a proper treatment of nonlinear effects results in the van der Waals force that is free of divergences and repulsive contributions.
Effect of the gonadal integrity and the gender on responses of bone crestal levels in dogs with two dental prosthetic abutment types

Fourteen adult mongrel dogs (5 intact and 9 neutered) comprising seven males and seven females were used to evaluate change in levels of alveolar crestal bone after implanting two types of dental abutments. Implants were surgically placed in both mandibular fourth premolar zones and restored with conventional (CONV) and platform switching (PFS) abutments. Both abutments were evaluated in each dog. The study lasted 180 days; restoration was performed at Day 60 postsurgical-placed implants and alveolar crestal bone levels was evaluated on Days 0, 30, 60, and 90 post-restoration (cemented crown) through indirect measurement using a digital X-ray sensor. Experimental data were analysed using a completely randomized design: the experimental unit was the dog (random effect), the treatment was the abutment type (fixed effect), and crestal bone level of each implant side (mesial and distal) was the observation. In addition, the gonadal integrity (intact and neutered) and the gender (male and female) were included in the statistical analysis to evaluate their role on the magnitude of changes (interactions) on alveolar crestal bone levels. The average of crestal bone loss was 0.400 ± 0.186 mm. In general, dogs with CONV had a greater (27.3%, P 0.77) between gender and abutment type. Similarly, as a sole factor of variation, gender had no effect (P = 0.26) on crestal bone level responses to abutment type (-0.401 vs -0.385 mm for males and females, respectively). Regardless of the type of abutment, males and females had a similar (P = .65) crestal bone loss (-0.405 vs. -0.393), while neutered dogs showed a greater (30.8%, P < 0.01) crestal bone loss compared with intact dogs. In conclusion, dogs with PFS showed less crestal bone loss than CONV; however, regardless of gender, this response only was maintained in intact dogs; therefore the gonadal condition has an effect on the magnitude of changes of the alveolar crestal bone levels in their response to abutment type in dogs with dental implants.
Interpretation of Regional Magnetic Field Data Offshore Niger Delta Reveals Relationship between Deep Basement Architecture and Hydrocarbon Target

Directional horizontal derivatives, analytic signal, filtering of magnetic data sets and 3D magnetic modelling incorporating induced and remanent magnetization were performed on low resolution aeromagnetic data to unravel the basement structure and its relationship with hydrocarbon target offshore Niger Delta basin. Forward modelling of the residual magnetic data gave discrete depth values that were exploited to compile the depth to basement (thickness of the sedimentary section) map which highlighted deep depocenters, high blocks and major sedimentary fairways in the study area. The uplifted blocks created the arches while downdropped ones produced the depocenters. The depth to the basement map revealed basement paleotopography which resulted from movement along fault zones. The transformed/enhanced data revealed three potential stress regimes trending NE-SW, N-S and E-W. The NE-SW lineaments are shear zones, more dominant and indicate possible extensions within the African continent of Charcot and Chain oceanic fracture zones. The E-W lineaments are revealed not only in the enhanced maps but also in the total magnetic intensity and residual data sets because they are associated with dykes. The N-S structures are very subtle and are therefore highlighted only in the transformed data. In combination with the E-W structures they are brittle and reactivated structures associated with faults and have significant implications for the tectonic evolution of the Niger Delta and its basin extensions. The transformed data sets, depth to basement map and residual data strongly suggest that jostling of the basement blocks has influenced deposition in the Niger Delta basin. The structural highs (basement highs), basement lows (structural lows) and steep/faulted basement flanks are attractive sites for oil and gas accumulation.
SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE BEAM-TO-COLUMN DOWEL CONNECTIONS: FEM ANALYSIS

To analyze the failure mechanism of the typical precast beam-to-column dowel connection, the numerical model in the FEA software ABAQUS [8] was defined and calibrated using the results of the experimental investigations. Cyclic as well as monotonic response was analyzed. The most important observations are: 1) standard theory assuming that the failure mechanism is initiated by flexural yielding of the dowel and crushing of the surrounding concrete has been confirmed [5-7]; 2) the strength of the connection considerably depends on the depth of the plastic hinge in the dowel, 3) in the case of the cyclic loading the strength is reduced due to the smaller depth of the plastic hinge, 4) neoprene bearing pad can considerably increase the strength of the connection, particularly when large relative displacements between the beam and the column are developed. The proposed FEM based tool supports additional parametric studies and the analysis of the buildings damaged in the recent European earthquakes.
Epigenetic dental variability of Israeli hares (Lepus sp.): ecogenetic or phylogenetic causation?

We examined 3747 teeth from 134 hares (Lepus sp.) 1 collected at 46 sites in Israel to test whether variation in epigenetic occlusal characters was linked to ecogenetic or phylogenetic factors. Collection sites encompassed a wide range of ecogeographical and climatic regimes. We compared data from Israeli hares with occlusal characters of 160 cape hares L. capensis from East Africa and 68 brown hares L. europaeus from central Europe. Only three teeth (I1 ,I 2 ,M 3 ) did not show occlusal variation. Thirty-eight occlusal characters were derived from dental variants by dichotomous (0/1) scoring. Absence of association of character states among characters of single teeth indicated a lack of morphotypes. Epigenetic differentiation among hares from northern, central and southern Israel, and the two East African, and two central European samples, was revealed by pairwise C. A. B. Smith’s ‘mean measures of divergence’ (MMD), based on frequencies of character states. Cluster analyses of MMD values revealed little epigenetic differentiation between northern and southern Israeli hares, but greater differentiation between central European and East African hares. Concordance of the MMD matrix with linear geographical distances among sampling regions was demonstrated by a Mantel test. No frequencies of character states exhibited significant changes across the climatic parameters among hares from northern and southern Israel. But the individual folding index, which expresses the degree of enamel on the occlusal surface, slightly decreased from north to south. Our results support a phylogenetic interpretation of occlusal character variation. Despite distinct differences in external appearance, hares from northern and southern Israel probably comprise a single species that encompasses two closely related geographical populations with a probable area of overlap. Israeli hares are intermediate between European brown hares and East African cape hares, with a slightly closer relationship to the cape hares.
Stray current is for life-not just for Christmas. Stray current corrosion management strategies for DC traction systems

The construction of a new light rail or tramway in an urban landscape presents a series of corrosion risks to an often densely-packed buried utility infrastructure. The corrosion risk does not simply go away once the system has been built, commissioned and de-snagged, but continues unseen in the background. Good inspection and testing practices at the start of the railway's life may reduce the chances of major pipeline and cable failures to a very low level but unless the railway is well-maintained unexpected corrosion failures may start to occur several years later. Whilst such failures may lead to minor (utility) service disruption, more catastrophic failure can also occur with severe consequences. Good control of stray current is also of direct benefit to the railway; it reduces rail corrosion and reduces infrastructure corrosion. This paper addresses the corrosion management issues surrounding the addition of a tramway into a previously tramfree environment. (6 pages)
Theory of Parental Investment: “Mothers are the Most Important"

The theory of evolution inevitably directs our thoughts towards classical Darwinist concept of the natural selection - competition for survival of the fittest. However, Darwin was trying to explain that a process of evolution is much more than that. Actually survival without reproduction means genetical cul de sac (blind road). Looking from evolutional perspective, there is nothing more important than reproduction and parenthood. Therefore, by considering earlier evolutionary concepts Robert Trievers (Trievers, 1972) was among the first authors who described basic reproductive differences between sexes in his theory parents' investment. Sexual selection is in a very gist of Darwin's theory. Understanding differences between women and men in their parent's investment has facilitated a start of human reproduction psychology studies. Reproduction task could be divided into two phases: finding an appropriate partner and raising descendants till their maturity. Men invest more energy in a first phase, while women invest more in a second one. As parent's resources are limited, it is necessary that they invest wisely into their descendants, because if they don't survive and don't spawn invested resources were from evolution point of view - wasted. This paper will analyze some of these questions by considering parents' investment theory and earlier studies on the theory of evolution.
Impoliteness Strategies Based on Culpeper’s Model: An Analysis of Gender Differences between Two Characters in the movie Mother

In the field of Discourse Analysis, specifically in analyzing impoliteness strategies, based on Culpeper’s (1996) model, no study has been conducted into Iranian movies. Hence, the current study is a new trend in analyzing the discourse between two characters (male and female) in the movie by Ali Hatami under the title of “Mother”. In this study, eight extracts of the movie have been chosen for investigation of impoliteness strategies which have been employed by the male and the female characters. Culpeper’s model of impoliteness includes five super-strategies as follows: 1) Bald on-record Impoliteness, 2) Positive Impoliteness, 3) Negative Impoliteness, 4) Sarcasm or Mock Politeness, and 5) Withhold Politeness. The findings of this study indicate that the male character has used more impoliteness strategies than the female character in their interactions in the movie. In other words, it explores that the male character has used all Culpeper’s super-strategies with the total numbers of 58. It is worth mentioning that the most frequent strategy that has been employed belongs to positive impoliteness. However, the findings of this study reveal that one cannot draw a clear-cut border between Culpeper’s super-strategies of impoliteness since some of them overlap with each other. Moreover, the significant impacts of intonation and self-insulting have been ignored in Culpeper’s model. Accordingly, Culpeper’s model may not be considered as a comprehensive one. In this respect, it can be inferred that the difference between the male and the female characters in this movie regarding impoliteness strategies has rooted in Iran masculism society in which women are secondary status and have fewer power in comparison with men. One may conclude that impoliteness is interwoven with the power of the male speaker. Therefore, power is represented in the language in the form of using impoliteness strategies. The possible implications of the present study would be applicable for sociologists, literary writers, literary critics, playwrights, film critics, feminist literature, and those who may concern.
Tiam1 Protein Expression in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study of 200 Cases

Objective : T-cell Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis 1 (Tiam1)protein is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates proteins of the Rho family of GTPases, specifically Rac1. Expression of Tiam1 protein has been reported in various human cancers and has been associated with lymphangiogenesis and promotion of tumor metastasis. The objective of this study was to further evaluate the expression of Tiam1 in primary and metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and its association withvariousclinicopathological parameters, includinggender, age, tumor size, Dukes stage, tumor grade, lymph node status and original location of the primary tumor (colon versus rectum). Methods : The expression of Tiam1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 200 samples of primary CRC tissues and in 100 samples of lymph node tissue with CRC metastases. Results : Tiam1 was overexpressed in the majority of both primary (69,5% of the cases) and metastatic (63% of the cases) CRC tumor tissues. Overexpression of Tiam1 in primary CRC was statistically associated withlowertumor grade(P=0,04), whereas in metastatic CRC a statistically significant association between Tiam1 expression and female gender (P=0,003), tumor size >5cm (P=0,001) and localization of the primary tumor in the colon (P=0,009) was found. Conclusion : Overexpression of Tiam1 protein may represent a frequent event in CRC. Additional studies are warranted to further investigate its potential value as a marker of prognosis and treatment response in this form of cancer.
DISCOVERY OF PARATIROLITES FROM THE BELLEROPHON FORMATION (UPPER PERMIAN, DOLOMITES, ITALY)

The first discovery of Paratirolites in the western Tethys is here described. The ammonoid was collected in the debris of the Bellerophon Fm. near Santa Cristina Valgardena (Bolzano, Dolomites). The specimen is contained in a small slab made of marly dark grey limestone with a biomicrofacies dominated by ostracods. It probably comes from the Ostracod Assemblage beds (Badiota Facies), which are situated few metres below the Comelicania beds. The occurrence of Paratirolites allow us to date this segment of the upper Bellerophon Fm. to the late Dorashamian, and to define the Comelicania and Nankinella beds of the Dolomites as younger than the Phisonites - Comelicania (= Gruntallina ) beds of the Transcaucasia (basal Dorashamian). This assemblage is equivalent to or younger than the Paratirolites Zone (late Dorashamian).