Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aplicación de 1-metilciclopropeno en inflorescencias de nardo (Polianthes tuberosa L.) en poscosecha

Con la finalidad de evaluar el efecto de soluciones pulso y de la aplicacion de 1-metilciclopropeno (MCP) en la calidad poscosecha de flores de nardo (Polianthes tuberosa L.) Perla, se cosecharon plantas con cuatro flores abiertas. Se aplico 1-MCP a distintas dosis (140, 280, 420 o 560 mg) en combinacion de solucion pulso (20%) por 24 horas, adicionalmente se evaluaron agua destilada y solucion pulso sin (1-MCP). El numero de flores abiertas y su apariencia son un parametro poco afectado por la aplicacion de 1-MCP. El consumo de agua y el peso relativo incrementaron por la aplicacion de solucion pulso y no por la aplicacion 1-MCP. El matiz y la luminosidad de las flores incrementaron durante la vida en florero, en tanto que la cromaticidad disminuyo. Las espigas de nardo mostraron incrementos significativos de respiracion y produccion de etileno durante su poscosecha. La velocidad de respiracion y la produccion de etileno disminuyeron al incrementar la dosis de aplicacion de 1-MCP, aunque no se observaron efectos beneficos en la calidad de la inflorescencia de nardo.
Cadmium accumulation in herbivorous and carnivorous small mammals: Meta‐analysis of field data and validation of the bioaccumulation model optimal modeling for ecotoxicological applications

Environmental risk assessment procedures often use bioaccumulation as a criterion for hazard identification of a polluted location. Field studies regarding metal concentrations in food chains, however, have provided widely different information, because accumulation is shown to vary between the extremes of bioreduction and biomagnification. Bioaccumulation models provide insight regarding species‐specific uptake and elimination kinetics of metals and assist in the interpretation of field data. Here, we use the bioaccumulation model OMEGA (Optimal Modeling for Ecotoxicological Applications) to estimate cadmium accumulation in herbivorous voles and carnivorous shrews. In addition to model validation, a meta‐analysis of cadmium accumulation data is performed, because earlier studies generally have focused on relationships between cadmium concentrations in either specific tissues (kidney and liver) or whole‐body concentrations and total soil levels. Additionally, we included the food—small mammal relationship. Our results show that cadmium whole‐body concentrations are significantly related to cadmium levels in food items such as earthworms and plants. In addition, a significant relationship is found between cadmium accumulation in the liver and kidney of small mammals and total soil levels. Cadmium concentrations in shrews typically are an order of magnitude higher than metal levels in voles as a result of higher metal accumulation in earthworms compared to plants. Model predictions for both voles and shrews are in good agreement with field observations; deviations generally are within a factor of five. Small mammals prevent cadmium toxicity by binding this metal to metallothionein, which likely results in low elimination rates. Comparison with empirical elimination rates shows that rate constants of loss are accurately predicted assuming that cadmium is only released via growth dilution.
A physically based mobility model for numerical simulation of nonplanar devices

A semiempirical model for carrier mobility in silicon inversion layers is presented. The model, strongly oriented to CAD (computer-aided design) applications, is suitable for two-dimensional numerical simulations of nonplanar devices. A local mobility function, set up in terms of a simple Mattiessen's rule, provides a careful description of MOSFET operation in a wide range of normal (or gate) electric fields, channel impurity concentrations of between 5*10/sup 14/ cm/sup -3/ and 10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/ for the acceptor density of states and 6*10/sup 14/ cm/sup -3/ and 3*10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/ for the donor density of states; and temperatures between 200 K and 460 K. Best-fit model parameters are extracted by comparing the calculated drain conductance with a very large set of experimental data points. >
2-Aminopyridinium 4-hydroxybenzoate

In the title compound, C5H7N2 +·C7H5O3 −, the carboxylate mean plane of the 4-hydroxybenzoate anion is twisted by 8.78 (5)° from the attached ring. The cations and anions are linked via O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. In addition, π–π interactions involving the benzene and pyridinium rings, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.5500 (6) and 3.6594 (6) Å, are observed.
Selective BRAF Inhibitors Induce Marked T-cell Infiltration into Human Metastatic Melanoma

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of treatment with the potent mutant BRAF inhibitors GSK2118436 or vemurafenib (PLX4720) on immune responses to metastatic melanoma in tissues taken before and after treatment. Experimental Design: Thirty-seven tumor biopsies were collected from 15 patients with unresectable American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III or IV melanoma immediately before and approximately 7 days after the commencement of BRAF inhibitor treatment and at the time of tumor progression. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out on the biopsies using specific antibodies for CD8, CD4, CD20, CD1a, and Granzyme B. Results: Tumor infiltration by CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes increased markedly following BRAF inhibitor treatment (both ρ = 0.015). There was a correlation between the degree of tumor infiltration by CD8+ and Granzyme B–expressing lymphocytes in post–BRAF inhibitor–treated biopsies (r = 0.690 and ρ = 0.013). Increased intratumoral CD8+ lymphocyte expression was correlated with a reduction in tumor size and an increase in necrosis in posttreatment biopsies (r = −0.793, ρ = 0.011; and r = 0.761, ρ = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions: The increase in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes induced by treatment with BRAF inhibitors provides strong support for conducting trials that combine BRAF inhibitors with immunotherapy in the hope of prolonging clinical responses. Clin Cancer Res; 18(5); 1386–94. ©2011 AACR.
A study of the effect of variation in the calorie-protein ratio of a medium energy diet and a high energy diet containing sucrose on the efficiency of egg production in caged layers.

Synopsis Literature pertaining to the variation in the protein content of layers’ diets is discussed and the lack of information on the effect of calorie‐protein ratio on food conversion is mentioned. The experiment described in the present paper was designed to test the effect of variations in calorie‐protein ratio on food conversion on a diet of high energy content (1340 k cal/lb.) based on sucrose supplementation and on a medium energy diet (1160 k cal/lb.). At the same time three types of pullet, Thornber 606, Thornber 404 and Light Sussex x Brown Leghorn pullets were compared on the two types of diet, each being fed at three nominal protein levels of 13, 15 and 17 per cent giving a total of eighteen treatments. The pullets were individually recorded for egg production, egg weight and food consumption. Meta‐bolisable energy crude protein determinations were carried out on each of the six diets employed and the actual calorie‐protein ratios calculated. There was no significant effect on egg production .
Alveolata histone‐like proteins have different evolutionary origins

Prokaryotic histone‐like proteins (Hlps) are abundant proteins found in bacterial and plastid nucleoids. Hlps are also found in the eukaryotic dinoflagellates and the apicomplexans, two major lineages of the Alveolata. It may be expected that Hlps of both groups were derived from the same ancestral Alveolates. However, our phylogenetic analyses suggest different origins for the dinoflagellate and the apicomplexan Hlps. The apicomplexan Hlps are affiliated with the cyanobacteria and probably originated from Hlps of the plastid genome. The dinoflagellate Hlps and the proteobacterial long Hlps form a clade that branch off from the node with the proteobacterial short Hlps.
Eficacia do programa de remediação fonologica em escolares com disturbio especifico de leitura e disturbio de aprendizagem

O objetivo geral deste estudo foi verificar a eficacia do programa de remediacao fonologica (BROOM & DOCTOR 1995) em escolares com disturbio especifico de leitura e disturbio de aprendizagem. Dentre os objetivos especificos, o estudo visa: correlacionar as habilidades intelectuais ao funcionamento das areas corticais nas criancas com disturbio especifico de leitura e disturbio de aprendizagem; comparar esse quadro com o desempenho de escolares que leem conforme o esperado para a idade e a escolaridade. Participaram deste estudo 70 escolares na faixa etaria de 8 a 12 anos de idade, de 28 a 48 serie do Ensino Fundamental de escola publica estadual do municipio de Botucatu - SP.Os sujeitos foram submetidos a triagem fonoaudiologica,auditiva e visual e, a partir deste procedimento, submetidos a avaliacao neurologica e psicologica (nivel cognitivo) para divisao dos sujeitos. Estes foram divididos em 3 grupos, sendo: o GI, composto por 30 escolares bons leitores, o GIT,composto por 20 escolares com disturbio especifico de leitura; e o GID, composto por 20 escolares com diagnostico de disturbio de aprendizagem. Na pre-testagem, foram realizadas avaliacao psicologica (nivel perceptivomotor), de desempenho escolar e fonologica nos 70 escolares deste estudo. Apos a aplicacao do programa de remediacao fonologica, com duracao de 12 semanas, os 20 escolares do Gll e GID foram submetidos a pos-testagem com os mesmos procedimentos utilizados na pre-testagem. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciaram a eficacia do programa de remediacao fonologica nos Gll e GllI, pois os escolares submetidos ao mesmo apresentaram melhora de desempenho nas avaliacoes da pos-testagem, se comparado aos resultados obtidos na pre-testagem, o que nao foi evidenciado na populacao do Gll e GllI, nao submetida ao programa. Alem disso, os escolares participantes do programa melhoraram o uso das funcoes gnosico-interpretativas e praxico-produtivas em atividades relacionadas a leitura e escrita. Concluiu-se, portanto, que o programa de remediacao fonologica foi eficaz a medida que os escolares melhoraram no processamento fonologico da informacao, o que favoreceu a emergencia da consciencia sintatica, alem da fonologica . Abstract
Image Feature Extraction Based on Compressive Sensing with Application of Image Denoising

Feature extraction for object representation plays an important role in image denoising system. As the spatial histograms consist of marginal distribution of image over local patches, object texture and shape are simultaneously preserved by the spatial histogram representation. In this paper, we propose methods of compressive sensing for spatial histogram-based object detection. We employ Fisher criterion to measure the discriminability of each spatial histogram feature and calculate features correlation using mutual information. In order to construct compact feature sets for efficient classification, we propose informative selection algorithm to select uncorrelated and discriminative spatial histogram features. The proposed approaches are tested on two different kinds of images. The experimental results show that the proposed approaches are efficient in feature extraction and image denoising.
The effects of interprofessional diabetes education on the knowledge of medical, dentistry and nursing students.

OBJECTIVES Interprofessional teamwork is best attained through education that promotes mutual trust and effective communication. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of interprofessional learning on knowledge about diabetes. METHODS The cross-sectional study included students of medicine, dentistry and nursing at the Faculty of Medicine Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The students were randomly allocated into one of two groups. Group 1 attended an interprofessional course on diabetes while group 2 was divided into three subgroups and each of the subgroups attended an uniprofessional diabetes course. The measuring instrument used in the course in order to assess the participants' knowledge about diabetic care was a test containing multiple-choice questions about diabetes. The Interprofessional Questionnaire was used to explore the attitudes, views, values and beliefs of students regarding interprofessional education (IPE). RESULTS No statistically significant difference in total score on the test was found between the groups at baseline, but at follow-up the difference was highly statistically significant (F=10.87; p=0.002). The students from Group 1 had better results (21.82 points), compared to Group 2 (18.77 points). The statistically significant difference was observed in mean values (t=-3.997; p=0.001), between Groups 1 and 2; the students from Group 1 obtained 20.42 points, which is considered to indicate a respectively positive self-assessment of communication and teamwork skills. However, Group 2 indicated a negative self-assessment of communication and teamwork skills. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that IPE activities may provide health profession students with valuable collaborative learning opportunities.
Intracystic Papillary Carcinomas of the Breast: A Reevaluation Using a Panel of Myoepithelial Cell Markers

Intracystic papillary carcinomas (IPC) of the breast have traditionally been considered to be variants of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). However, it is not clear if all lesions categorized histologically as IPC are truly in situ carcinomas, or if some such lesions might represent circumscribed or encapsulated nodules of invasive papillary carcinoma. Given that the demonstration of a myoepithelial cell (MEC) layer around nests of carcinoma cells is a useful means to distinguish in situ from invasive carcinomas of the breast in problematic cases, assessment of the presence or absence of a MEC layer at the periphery of the nodules that comprise these lesions could help resolve this issue. We studied the presence and distribution of MEC at the periphery of the nodules of 22 IPC and, for comparison, 15 benign intraductal papillomas using immunostaining for 5 highly sensitive markers that recognize various MEC components: smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, calponin, p63, CD10, and cytokeratin 5/6. All 22 lesions categorized as IPC showed complete absence of MEC at the periphery of the nodules with all 5 markers. In contrast, a MEC layer was detected around foci of conventional DCIS present adjacent to the nodules of IPC. Furthermore, all benign intraductal papillomas, including those of sizes comparable to those of IPC, showed a MEC layer around virtually the entire periphery of the lesion with all 5 MEC markers. In conclusion we could not detect a MEC layer at the periphery of the nodules of any of 22 lesions categorized histologically as IPC. One possible explanation for this observation is that these are in situ lesions in which the delimiting MEC layer has become markedly attenuated or altered with regard to expression of these antigens, perhaps due to their compression by the expansile growth of these lesions within a cystically dilated duct. Alternatively, it may be that at least some lesions that have been categorized as IPC using conventional histologic criteria actually represent circumscribed, encapsulated nodules of invasive papillary carcinoma. Regardless of whether these lesions are in situ or invasive carcinomas, available outcome data indicate that they seem to have an excellent prognosis with adequate local therapy alone. Therefore, we believe it is most prudent to continue to manage patients with these lesions as they are currently managed (ie, similar to patients with DCIS) and to avoid categorization of such lesions as frankly invasive papillary carcinomas. Given our observations, we favor the term “encapsulated papillary carcinoma” over “intracystic papillary carcinoma” for circumscribed nodules of papillary carcinoma surrounded by a fibrous capsule in which a peripheral layer of MEC is not identifiable.
Gross polyethylene failure in total knee arthroplasty.

A total of 12 total knee replacements in nine patients with evidence of gross polyethylene failure at the time of revision surgery were identified. There were nine tibial and three patellar component failures. The average time from index to revision arthroplasty was 6 years (range: 0.75 to 9.63). A retrospective cohort group was identified based on date of operation. The average patient weight of the initial group was 89.6 kg (range: 76 to 104 kg), compared with 74.8 kg (range: 47 to 108 kg) (P = .045) in the control group. There was a male sex preponderance in the failure group (P = .045). The average height of the study group was 176 cm, compared to 161 cm for the control group (P = .003). Using the modified OASDI scale, the failure group had a higher activity level (P = .023). Pre-revision limb alignment in patients with failed TKA was statistically different from controls and served as an indication of polyethylene failure (P = .04). The selection of modular prosthetic component systems that allow for easy polyethylene revision is indicated in the high risk patient group identified. Close follow up is needed to minimize the sequela of polyethylene failure.
Tissue-type plasminogen activator modulates macrophage M2 to M1 phenotypic change through annexin A2-mediated NF-κB pathway

Macrophage accumulation is one of the hallmarks of progressive kidney disease. In response to injury, macrophages undergo a phenotypic polarization to become two functionally distinct subsets: M1 and M2 macrophages. Macrophage polarization is a dynamic process, and recent work indicates that macrophages, in response to kidney injury, can shift their polarity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), a protease up-regulated in the chronically injured kidneys, has been shown to preferably promote M1 macrophage accumulation and renal inflammation. We hypothesized that tPA may be an endogenous factor that modulates macrophage M2 to M1 phenotypic change contributing to the accumulation of M1 macrophages in the injured kidneys. It was found that obstruction-induced renal M1 chemokine expression was alleviated in tPA knockout mice, and these knockout mice displayed increased M2 markers. In vitro, resting J774 macrophages were treated with IL-4 to induce M2 phenotype as indicated by de novo expression of arginase 1, Ym1, and IL-10, as well as suppression of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Intriguingly, these IL-4-induced M2 macrophages, after tPA treatment, not only lost their M2 markers such as arginase 1, Ym1, and IL-10, but also displayed increased M1 chemokines including iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Possible endotoxin contamination was also excluded as heat-inactivated tPA lost its effect. Additionally, tPA-mediated macrophage M2 to M1 phenotypic change required its receptor annexin A2, and SN50, a specific NF-κB inhibitor, abolished tPA's effect. Thus, it's clear that tPA promotes macrophage M2 to M1 phenotypic change through annexin A2-mediated NF-κB pathway.
Sulphide quinone reductase contributes to hydrogen sulphide metabolism in murine peripheral tissues but not in the CNS

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is gaining acceptance as a gaseous signal molecule. However, mechanisms regarding signal termination are not understood. We used stigmatellin and antimycin A, inhibitors of sulphide quinone reductase (SQR), to test the hypothesis that the catabolism of H2S involves SQR.
Differential loss of histone H3 isoforms mono-, di- and tri-methylated at lysine 4 during X-inactivation in female embryonic stem cells

Abstract Silencing of genes on one of the two female X chromosomes early in development helps balance expression of X-linked genes between XX females and XY males and involves chromosome-wide changes in histone variants and modifications. Mouse female embryonic stem (ES) cells have two active Xs, one of which is silenced on differentiation, and provide a powerful model for studying the dynamics of X inactivation. Here, we use immunofluorescence microscopy of metaphase chromosomes to study changes in H3 mono-, di- or tri-methylated at lysine 4 (H3K4me1, -2 or -3) on the inactivating X (Xi) in female ES cells. H3K4me3 is absent from Xi in approximately 25% of chromosome spreads by day 2 of differentiation and in 40–50% of spreads by days 4–6, making it one of the earliest detectable changes on Xi. In contrast, loss of H3K4me2 occurs 1–2 days later, when histone acetylation also diminishes. Remarkably, H3K4me1 is depleted on both (active) X chromosomes in undifferentiated female ES cells, and on the single X in males, and remains depleted on Xi. Consistent with this, chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals differentiation-related reductions in H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 at the promoter regions of genes undergoing X-inactivation in female ES cells, but no comparable change in H3K4me1.
Suicidal Behavior and Parental Psychopathology in South Africa 1 Suicidal behavior and parental psychopathology in South Africa : Results from the cross-sectional South African Stress and Health Survey

Background: Prior studies have demonstrated a link between suicidal behavior and p arental psychopathology; however, it remains unclear what aspects of suici dal behavior are predicted by specific parental mental disorders. This study set out to investig ate the association between parental psychopathology and offspring suicidal behavior in a South Afric an general population sample. Method: Parental psychopathology and suicidal behavior in offspring were asses sed u ing structured interviews among 4,315 respondents from across South Africa. The WHO CIDI was used to collect data on suicidality, while the Family History Re search Diagnostic Criteria Interview was used to assess parental psychopathology. Bivariate a nd multivariate survival models tested the associations between the type and number parental mental disorders (including suicide) and lifetime suicidal behavior in the offspring. Associations between a range of parental disorders and the onset of subsequent suicidal behavior (suicide ideation, pl ans, and attempts) among offspring were tested. Results: The presence of parental psychopathology significantly increased t he odds of suicidal behavior among offspring. More specifically, parental panic disord er was associated with respondent suicide ideation, while parental panic disorder, generalized a nxiety disorder and suicide were significantly associated with suicide attempts. Among those with suicide ideation, none of the tested forms of parental psychopathology was associated with having suic ide plans or attempts. There was a dose-response relationship between the number of parental disorders and odds of suicidal ideation. Suicidal Behavior and Parental Psychopathology in South Africa 3 Conclusions: Parental psychopathology increases the odds of suicidal behavior in the South African context, replicating results found in other regions. Specific parental disorders predicted the onset and persistence of suicide ideation or attempts in their of fsp ing. Further research into these associations is recommended in order to determine the mechani sms through which parent psychopathology increases the odds of suicidal behavior among offspring.
Global land surface evapotranspiration estimation from meteorological and satellite data using the support vector machine

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the combination process of the surface evaporation and plant transpiration which occur simultaneously, and it links the terrestrial water cycles, carbon cycles and energy exchange. In this study, based on the observations from 242 global FLUXnet sites, with daily average temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, incident solar radiation, NDVI and observed ET as input data, we used a support vector machine to estimate the land surface daily ET at nine different vegetation type sites. The results show that, for all vegetation type sites, when the predicted ET was validated with the eddy covariance measurements, the support vector machine algorithm underestimates the ET and probably could explain 71%-86% of the land surface ET change.