Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Use of Pictures and Illustrations in Teaching English

This article reconsiders the function of pictures and illustrations and examines their usefulness in language learning. Nowadays, colourful pictures and illustrations are very commonly used in English textbooks. They are instantaneously appealing to learners and have the power to engage students in their learning. Thus engaged, learners have a better chance of improving their English. Pictures and illustrations can be used in multiple ways. They can be used in preliminary activities before reading English passages. By using them, learners can predict what they will be reading. These predictions can be done individually and silently, or can be done in the form of discussion in pairs and small groups. In their discussion learners can be as creative and imaginative as they wish to be. Thus reading can become a more holistic activity when used in combination with more directly communicative aspects of language learning such as speaking and listening.
The role of expectations and situations in human-robot interaction

In human-robot interaction, the behaviour of the robot is usually predefined and can easily be predicted. However, this is not true for the behaviour of the users. Throughout the interaction, users employ various behaviours which often cannot be foreseen intuitively. Therefore, theoretical models need to be developed to predict and explain the users’ behaviour in order to enable the robot to better understand its interaction partner. The current work suggests such a model which is based on the concepts of situations and expectations. It claims that both concepts support the prediction of user behaviour in the interaction and demonstrates the usefulness of the model in a case study based on data from human-robot interaction in a home tour situation.
The Art of Computer Programming

Knuth began the project, originally conceived as a single book with twelve chapters, in 1962. The first three volumes of what was then expected to be a seven-volume set were published in 1968, 1969, and 1973. The first installment of Volume 4 (a paperback fascicle) was published in 2005. The hardback Volume 4A, combining Volume 4, Fascicles 0–4, was published in 2011. Additional fascicle installments are planned for release approximately biannually; Volume 4, Fascicle 6 (“Satisfiability”) was released in December 2015.
Spoken vocabulary growth and the segmental restructuring of lexical representations: precursors to p

An insoluble cross-linked polypentapeptide is totally synthesized by preparing two modified linear polypentapeptides patterned on the polypentapeptide from the pentapeptide (Val1-Pro2-Gly3-Val4-Gly5) one of the repeating peptide sequences contained in tropoelastin, the precursor protein of the core of the elastic fiber of the vascular wall, and by cross-linking the modified polypentapeptides. One of the intermediate polypentapeptides is modified by replacing a portion of at least one of the amino acid residues with the residue of an amino acid having more than one amino function and the other is modified by replacing a portion of at least one of the amino acid residues with the residue of an amino acid having more than one carboxyl function, to provide free amino groups on the one intermediate and free carboxyl groups on the other for interreaction in the presence of a suitable cross-linking agent. The resulting cross-linked insoluble polypentapeptide is elastomeric in nature and capable of calcification by withdrawing calcium ions from a serum medium, thus making it useful as a calcifiable matrix for the formation of an artificial bone structure. The calcifiable material can be treated to make it useful in artificial vascular wall formation.
Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data

Since the publication of Ericsson and Simon's work in the early 1980s, verbal data has been used increasingly to study cognitive processes in many areas of psychology, and concurrent and retrospective verbal reports are now generally accepted as important sources of data on subjects' cognitive processes in specific tasks. In this revised edition of the book that put protocol analysis on firm theoretical ground, the authors review major advances in verbal reports over the past decade, including new evidence on how giving verbal reports affects subjects' cognitive processes, and on the validity and completeness of such reports. In a new preface Ericsson and Simon summarize the central issues covered in the book and provide an updated version of their information-processing model, which explains verbalization and verbal reports. They describe new studies on the effects of verbalization, interpreting the results of these studies and showing how their theory can be extended to account for them. Next, they address the issue of completeness of verbally reported information, reviewing the new evidence in three particularly active task domains. They conclude by citing recent contributions to the techniques for encoding protocols, raising general issues, and proposing directions for future research.
PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN PQ4R TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN METAKOGNITIF DAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA PUTRA DAN PUTRI KELAS XI SMA DI KOTA BANJARMASIN

Pada era pengetahuan ini dunia pendidikan lebih menekankan pada kompetensi dalam suatu keterampilan salah satunya keterampilan berpikir, sebagai salah satu cara menghadapi era tersebut yaitu melalui pembelajaran. Paradigma pembelajaran biologi (sains) diperlukan pembelajaran student centered, guru diharapkan sebagai fasilitator bagi siswa dalam proses menemukan informasi. Oleh sebab itu guru harus membantu siswa menjadi pemikir yang baik. Penelitian quasi eksperimen ini bertujuan mengungkapkan pengaruh strategi pembelajaran PQ4R terhadap keterampilan metakognitif dan hasil belajar biologi, pengaruh gender terhadap keterampilan metakognitif dan hasil belajar, serta pengaruh interaksi strategi pembelajaran PQ4R dan gender terhadap keterampilan metakognitif dan hasil belajar siswa putra dan putri kelas XI SMA Negeri dan Swasta di kota Banjarmasin. Rancangan penelitian ini Pretest-postest Non-Equivalent Control Group Design”. Pengumpulan data variabel terikat melalui tes essay. Penilaian keterampilan metakognitif mengacu pada Corebima (2011) sedangkan untuk hasil belajar mengacu pada Hart (1994). Data dianalisis dengan Anacova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pembelajaran berpengaruh pada keterampilan metakognitif dan hasil belajar siswa putra dan putri. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi PQ4R berpotensi dalam meningkatkan keterampilan metakognitif dan hasil belajar biologi siswa putra dan putri SMA di Kota Banjarmasin. Kata Kunci : PQ4R, Keterampilan Metakognitif, Hasil Belajar, Putra dan Putri
Pengaruh kecerdasan naturalis terhadap hasil belajar IPA materi tumbuhan dan hewan di kelas 4 MI Al-Khoiriyyah 2 Semarang tahun pelajaran 2015/2016.

pengaruhnya terhadap hasil belajar IPA materi tumbuhan dan hewan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi. Dalam pengambilan data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 25 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan empat metode yaitu metode angket, metode tes, metode observasi dan metode dokumentasi. Metode angket digunakan untuk mengambil data tentang variabel X, yaitu untuk mengetahui kecerdasan naturalis. Metode tes digunakan untuk mengambil data tentang hasil belajar IPA materi tumbuhan dan hewan. Metode dokumentasi diguanakan untuk memperoleh data-data yang berkaitan dengan keadaan sekolah, keadaan guru, dan keadaan siswa di MI Al Khoiriyyah 2 Semarang. Dalam uji hipotesis peneliti menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh kecerdasan naturalis terhadap hasil belajar IPA materi tumbuhan dan hewan. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian rata-rata nilai kecerdasan naturalis sebesar 84 (Pembulatan dari 83,75) pada interval 84-89, dengan kategori baik. Dan data tentang hasil belajar IPA materi tumbuhan dan hewan yaitu pada rata-rata 74 (Pembulatan dari 73,6) adalah pada interval 74-81, dengan kategori baik. Terbukti dengan hasil perhitungan Fhitung = 4,405 lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan angka pada nilai Ftabel pada taraf signifikansi 5% (4,405 > 4,28), dengan demikian hipotesis yang peneliti ajukan yang berbunyi “ada pengaruh positif antara kecerdasan naturalis terhadap hasil belajar IPA materi tumbuhan dan hewan di kelas IV MI Al Khoiriyyah 2 Semarang tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 diterima”. Kata kunci : Kecerdasan Naturalis, Hasil Belajar, Tumbuhan dan Hewan.
Distributed Beamforming and Nullforming: Frequency Synchronization Techniques, Phase Control Algorithms, and Proof-Of-Concept

To my family ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the name of ALLAH, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. First and foremost, thanks to Almighty ALLAH for all HIS blessings on me. I would then like to thank my adviser, Prof. Raghu Mudumbai, for his support, encouragement and confidence in my abilities. He has indeed spent quite a lot of time during last four years honing my professional and research skills. I am also indebtful to my co-adviser, Prof. Soura Dasgupta, for his time and efforts on me. In fact, I am grateful to both of them for their firm support and kind behavior in my difficult time. It means a lot to me! I now want to acknowledge our collaborators at UCSB, Santa Barbara, Prof. Upamanyu Madhow and Dr. Francois Quitin for the helpful and valuable discussions. I am also thankful to my thesis committee members for their kindness, encourgement and support. Of course, I would like to thank my friends (all over the world! ) and labmates (at Iowa) for their enjoyable company and support. Need not to mention, my family, my wife and little Ahmad are the real assets for me, and my life is just nothing without them! iii TABLE OF CONTENTS
The Acquisition of Case in Spanish Pronominal Object Clitics in English-Speaking College-Level L2 Learners

The Second language acquisition (SLA) of Spanish pronominal object clitics (POCs) has been a topic of research with regards to clitic placement (Houston, 1997; Lee, 1987; LoCoco, 1987; VanPatten, 1984; and VanPatten & Houston 1998), acquiring specific dialectal norms (Geeslin, Garcia-Amaya, Hasler-Barker, Henriksen, & Killam, 2010), and functional usage with datives (Zyzik, 2006). A thorough investigation of how second language (L2) learners acquire Spanish POCs in university-level Spanish classes in the United States including accusative POCs has not yet been carried out. This dissertation extends our knowledge of how these learners acquire Spanish POCs and how instruction impacts the acquisition process. Zyzik (2006) suggested that L2 learners create a dative POC prototype based on Animacy instead of Case as native speakers do. The first study of this dissertation extends Zyzik’s work by investigating L2 learners’ processing and use of Spanish pronominal object clitics, including the accusative POCs. A total of 121 L2 learners completed sentence-completion and cloze tasks to investigate how Animacy and Case influenced the way they distinguished Spanish POCs. Results from mixed ANOVAs show that lower proficiency L2 learners base POC distinctions on Animacy. However, more advanced learners show indications of shifting toward a Case-based system. A second study was conducted in order to test whether instruction was effective in preempting (Rutherford, 1989) an Animacy-based system. A second group of 115 L2 learners from different proficiency levels were divided into two groups (instructed and control). These participants completed similar tasks to the first study at three different times (pre-test, post-test, delayed post-test). Between the pre-test and post-test, learners in the instructed group received instruction on Spanish POCs. Results from mixed ANOVAs indicate that instruction was not more effective than exposure to Spanish POCs through the tasks performed. The finding that both participant groups showed evidence of the preemption of an Animacy-based system is taken as evidence that the tasks themselves effectively led learners to change their POC systems. An explanation of this phenomenon is that the tasks provided a type of computer-mediated processing instruction, forcing learners to process the POCs and notice additional possible contexts, effectuating the change.
Design And Optimization Of Coordination Mechanisms For Data-Parallel Tasks

Data-parallel programming languages can reduce the di culty of developing e cient applications for contemporary parallel computers. However, many applications can bene t from a mixture of task and data parallelism. We present a library-based approach that permits programmers to coordinate data-parallel tasks using explicit message-passing operations. We discuss in detail the design of a prototype library that supports inter-task transfers of arrays in an e cient manner on distributed-memory multicomputers. Measurements with a synthetic benchmark show that in many cases the library can realize a signi cant fraction of a multicomputer's peak communication performance, and reveal the sources of overheads that reduce the library's performance in other cases. We also develop an analytic model of array transfer performance as a means of predicting inter-task communication costs. iii For Jingjun, for pushing me to nish iv Acknowledgments First of all, I thank my supervisor at Argonne, Ian Foster, for conceiving an approach to parallel programming based upon \double standards" that has proven to be a fruitful research project, for allowing me the time to prepare this thesis, and for being such an agreeable boss and excellent role model as a researcher. I am also deeply indebted to Rakesh Krishnaiyer for his hard work as a co-implementor of the HPF/MPI library. I thank all of the following people at Argonne: Bill Gropp and Rusty Lusk, for elding an endless array of questions regarding arcane details of MPI and the SP; Rajeev Thakur, for discussions about array redistribution, performance modeling, and Indian cuisine; Rich Lehoucq, for his explanation of least-squares techniques; and of course the MCS support group, for keeping alive the machines that I depended upon. I am also indebted to the Portland Group, Inc., for making the source code of pghpf available for this project. I am grateful to my thesis advisor at the University of Illinois, Prof. Dan Reed, for teaching me a great deal about parallel computing both inside and outside the classroom, for providing funding while I was a student at UIUC, and for taking the time to review this thesis. I also thank all the members of the Pablo research group with whom I worked over the years for their insight, assistance, and friendship. Last but not least, I thank my family and I especially thank Jingjun, both for pushing me along to the conclusion of my Master's degree, and for everything else they have done for me. I would not have made it this far without you. v Table of
Taming Text: How to Find, Organize, and Manipulate It

SummaryTaming Text is a hands-on, example-driven guide to working with unstructured text in the context of real-world applications. This book explores how to automatically organize text using approaches such as full-text search, proper name recognition, clustering, tagging, information extraction, and summarization. The book guides you through examples illustrating each of these topics, as well as the foundations upon which they are built.About this Book There is so much text in our lives, we are practically drowning in it. Fortunately, there are innovative tools and techniques for managing unstructured information that can throw the smart developer a much-needed lifeline. You'll find them in this book.Taming Text is a practical, example-driven guide to working with text in real applications. This book introduces you to useful techniques like full-text search, proper name recognition, clustering, tagging, information extraction, and summarization. You'll explore real use cases as you systematically absorb the foundations upon which they are built. Written in a clear and concise style, this book avoids jargon, explaining the subject in terms you can understand without a background in statistics or natural language processing. Examples are in Java, but the concepts can be applied in any language.Written for Java developers, the book requires no prior knowledge of GWT. Purchase of the print book comes with an offer of a free PDF, ePub, and Kindle eBook from Manning. Also available is all code from the book. What's InsideWhen to use text-taming techniques Important open-source libraries like Solr and Mahout How to build text-processing applicationsAbout the AuthorsGrant Ingersoll is an engineer, speaker, and trainer, a Lucene committer, and a cofounder of the Mahout machine-learning project. Thomas Morton is the primary developer of OpenNLP and Maximum Entropy. Drew Farris is a technology consultant, software developer, and contributor to Mahout, Lucene, and Solr. "Takes the mystery out of very complex processes. "From the Foreword by Liz Liddy, Dean, iSchool, Syracuse UniversityTable of ContentsGetting started taming text Foundations of taming text Searching Fuzzy string matching Identifying people, places, and things Clustering text Classification, categorization, and tagging Building an example question answering system Untamed text: exploring the next frontier
A Descriptive Study of the Impact of Planning Time on the Utilization of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Process Standards Within the Algebra 1 and Applied Mathematics Subject Fields

A Descriptive Study of the Impact of Planning Time on the Utilization of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Process Standards within the Algebra 1 and Applied Mathematics Subject Fields Planning practices are necessary requirements for effective instruction. Their importance is illustrated in the guidelines produced by several national organizations such as The Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC), The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS), and The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). Planning time is considered important by teachers at the grassroots level in order for them to develop thought-provoking lessons that allow students to make connections and form meaning as well as to reflect on previous lessons in order to make improvements for subsequent lessons. Collaborative planning is also considered important; however, it usually occurs with respect to block schedules, inclusion of special education students in the regular classroom, and the middle school model of education. The question exists as to what impact planning practices may have on high school regular education Algebra 1 and Applied Math classrooms. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the amount of time a high school Applied Math or Algebra 1 teacher spends planning, individually or collaboratively, affects the frequency of utilization of practices recommended by the NCTM. The population was described as secondary (grades 9-12) Algebra 1, Applied Math 1, and Applied Math 2 teachers in the public schools in West Virginia. Data was collected using an instructional practices survey constructed by the researcher. This study utilized ANOVA tests and t-tests for independent samples to determine if differences existed in the mean frequency of use of NCTM recommended instructional practices based on length of planning time. Findings indicated that teachers who planned longer, both individually and collaboratively, had significantly higher mean frequency scores. Length of planning time also resulted in differences when the NCTM recommended practices were divided into five process standards. It can be concluded that longer planning times not only contribute to a higher mean frequency of NCTM recommended strategies but also to a larger variety of strategies as indicated by significant differences in the five NCTM process standards. It was also determined that statistically significant differences occurred in planning times and NCTM scores based on demographic variables.
Finite-Difference, Time-Domain Simulation of Sound Propagation in a Dynamic Atmosphere

Abstract : Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques hold much promise for performing realistic simulations of sound propagation through complex dynamic outdoor environments. This report focuses on a key aspect of FDTD in the atmosphere namely the incorporation of a moving background medium (wind and turbulence in the atmosphere) into the calculations. Appropriate differential equations for FDTD simulation of sound propagation in a moving fluid are discussed. It is shown that FDTD calculations are not possible with this equation set when using the staggered grid "leap-frog" approach which is common for FDTD simulation of other types of wave propagation. Various finite-difference operators that are valid for a moving medium such as Runge-Kutta and an unstaggered leap-frog approach are discussed and compared. It is shown that a rigorous FDTD solution in a moving medium requires storing the field variables over at least two time steps thereby requiring at least twice as much computer memory as the customary staggered grid. Several other topics pertinent to FDTD simulation of sound propagation in the atmosphere are discussed including implementation of porous ground layers absorbing boundaries and rigid surfaces. Example calculations demonstrate the performance of the various finite-difference operators for a high Mach number uniform flow. Other example calculations show FDTD calculations for propagation above rigid and porous ground surfaces over rigid barriers and through turbulence. With sufficiently dense spatial grids very good agreement can be obtained between the FDTD calculations and known theoretical solutions.
Integration of EEG-FMRI in an Auditory Oddball Paradigm Using Joint Independent Component Analysis

INTEGRATION OF EEG-FMRI IN AN AUDITORY ODDBALL PARADIGM USING JOINT INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS Jain Mangalathu Arumana, B.Sc., M.Sc. Marquette University, 2012 The integration of event-related potential (ERP) and functiona l m gnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can contribute to characterizing neural networks with high temporal and spatial resolution. The overall objective of this dis ertation is to determine the sensitivity and limitations of joint independent component analys is (jICA) withinsubject for integration of ERP and fMRI data collected simulta neously in a parametric auditory oddball paradigm. The main experimental finding in th s work is that jICA revealed significantly stronger and more extensive activity in b rain regions associated with the auditory P300 ERP than a P300 linear regression an alysis, both at the group level and within-subject. The results suggest that, with the inco rporation of spatial and temporal information from both imaging modalities, jICA is more s ensitive to neural sources commonly observed with ERP and fMRI compared to a linear regression analysis. Furthermore, computational simulations suggest that jICA can ex tract linear and nonlinear relationships between ERP and fMRI signals, as w ell as uncoupled sources (i.e., sources with a signal in only one imaging modality). These f eatures of jICA can be important for assessing disease states in which the relationsh ip between the ERP and fMRI signals is unknown, as well as pathological conditions ca using neurovascular uncoupling, such as stroke.