Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Feeding Shea Butter Residual Meal on Pullet Chicks, Haematological and Serum Chemistry Response

Pullet chicks were fed shea butter residual meal of different categories. (A= Apparently brown nuts not sprouted, B= Dark Shea nuts and C= sprouted nuts) at 0g/kg, 50g/kg, 100g/kg, 150g/kg, and 200g/kg diet, administration of these residual meal as alternative protein and energy source to pullet chicks indicate that the pullet chicks growth rate at (P<0.05). Sprouted Shea butter residual supported the least growth. Result of hematological and serum chemistry did not show any significance difference in all the parameters tested. Thus indicating that the residual meal of Shea butter could be a useful adjuvant in compounding animal fed, most especially the brown nuts.
Multiscale Seismic Tomography Imaging of Volcanic Complexes

Immense scales of volcanic eruptions attracted vital interest of many people since ancient times. It was a long dream of volcano explorers to take a glance inside volcanoes to see the mechanisms responsible for their activity. However, only since the last decades, the development of technologies in geophysics has begun to provide images of the earth structure beneath volcanoes. One of the most powerful methods of geophysical investigations of volcanoes is seismic tomography, a relatively young method, which made a revolutionary breakthrough in the deep earth imaging during the last decades. To study the depths of tens and hundreds kilometers, the geophysicists mostly use the natural sources of seismic signal, earthquakes. These events generate seismic waves which propagate through the earth and accumulate the information on the inner structure of the Earth. The purpose of the seismic tomography method is to decipher this information and to provide the 3D distributions of seismic parameters. In the case of using earthquakes as natural sources an additional problem consists in determining their location coordinates and origin times. Seismic tomography usually provides the distributions of two types of seismic parameters: velocities of compressional and shear (P and S) waves. These parameters have a different behavior depending on several petrophysical conditions; so their joint interpretation may give important informations about the temperature, rheology and composition of deep rocks. Besides two seismic velocities, 3D distribution of seismic wave attenuation (for P and/or S waves) is also reported in some cases. Some recent tomographic studies provided the distributions of seismic wave anisotropy which may give a hint about dynamical state of rocks. In this chapter I will make an overview of different-scale tomographic studies oriented to better understanding the nature of volcanic processes. I do not claim to present in details all variety of different tomographic studies in volcano regions. I will start with a description of various tomographic schemes which can be useful for studying volcano processes on different scales. Then I will provide some real examples of tomographic studies related to different volcanic areas of the world, mostly based on results of projects in which I was personally involved.
Political actors playing games: Theory and experiments

Political actors exert enormous influence over our daily lives. Their influence on economic activities cannot be underestimated. Voters determine the distribution of political power, political candidates choose policy platforms that they intend to enact if elected, and legislators bargain to arrive at laws. Understanding political actors’ behavior is therefore essential for explaining economic outcomes. This thesis follows the tradition of the political economy literature and considers the effect of institutional rules on the behavior of three types of political actors: voters, candidates, and negotiators. It does so by combining insights from game-theoretic models and controlled laboratory experiments. Specifically, this thesis analyzes voter behavior in mandatory and voluntary voting regimes; investigates how candidate behavior differs between plurality voting and proportional representation as well as what role coalition governments play in this context; and explores bargaining behavior in asymmetric environments.
Determinants of Bilateral Trade between Ethiopia and Its Major Trading Partners’: A Gravity Model Approach

International trade has increasingly become a keystone of economic prosperity in many countries of the world. Ethiopia is the one which benefit from foreign trade. Therefore, the main focus of this paper is to identify factors influencing bilateral trade between Ethiopia and its major trading partners’. The gravity model of trade was employ for the purpose. A gravity model based on a panel data for the period of 10 years (2000-2009) of sample countries was estimated by fixed effect estimators. The coefficients obtained are then used to predict the basic total trade and export trade potentials for Ethiopia. As a result, we found that the total trade flow was determine by mass (economic size) of the importing and exporting countries, real bilateral exchange rate, FDI of Ethiopia, weighted distance and bordering between Ethiopia and the major trading parents. Ethiopia's export performance to those major trading countries’ are also determine by GDP of the importing countries, GDP of the exporting country, the weighted distance. The results of this study indicate that a depreciation of the real exchange rate would affect the international competitiveness of Ethiopian exports, therefore, we recommends Depreciation of a country's real exchange rate because it will cause a gain in competitiveness of that country and government needs also to pay adequate attention to destination markets with cheaper transport costs. Key w ords: Trade Flows, Gravity Model, Ethiopia.
Improved VSG Scheme of WPPs for Frequency Regulation of Power Grid

In this paper, an improved virtual synchronous generator (IVSG) scheme of wind power plants (WPPs) is proposed to provide better grid frequency support during inertia response (IR) and primary frequency regulation (PFR) stages than WPPs with conventional VSG control (WPPs-VSG). Because the analysis for different power imbalance conditions is different, only the condition when power consumption is larger than power generation is discussed in this paper for its difficulty of control. For WPPs-VSG, the input power of VSG depends on the wind turbine (WT) rotor speed and its value decreases when the stored energy in WT is released during grid frequency response stage. Then the output power of WPPs-VSG is smaller than expected and the frequency support capability of WPPs-VSG is weakened, too. For WPPs with IVSG control (WPPs-IVSG), the input power of VSG is maintained constant during IR and PFR stages and WPPs-IVSG can provide expected power to the power grid. What's more, by implementing the PFR function with zero response time, the grid frequency response of the WPPs-IVSG is better. The effectiveness of the proposed WPPs-IVSG is verified by simulation results.
Pharmacists‘ Job Satisfaction and Its Effect on Dispensing Precaution Taken at Community Pharmacies

Pharmacists being the final safeguard against potentially harmful medication-related problems have moral and legal obligation to take precautions and, if necessary, to intervene the medication process in order protect the community from potential harm due to prescription and dispensing errors. However, pharmacists’ dispensing behaviour may be affected by organizational factors, such as job satisfaction. The aim of the study was to apply the Partial Least Squares Structural Modelling Approach to assess pharmacists’ job satisfaction and its effect on dispensing precaution taken at community pharmacies in Lithuania. The results showed that pharmacists’ satisfaction with salary and promotion significantly affected their dispensing precaution behaviour. Community pharmacies are recommended to consider these aspects as a means of increasing pharmaceutical service quality.
Ionospheric variations before some large earthquakes over Sumatra

Abstract. The paper investigates the ionospheric variations before some large earthquakes that occurred during 2004–2007 in Sumatra using GPS and CHAMP data. The TEC shows the occurrence of positive and negative anomalies detected within a few hours to 6 days before the earthquakes. These anomalies mostly occur during the daytime hours between 4 and 17 LT. The TEC anomalies are mostly consistent with the CHAMP satellite electron density data. The electron density analysis over the 28 March 2005 earthquake epicenter shows that an equatorial anomaly modification took place a few days before the event. The modification took shape in the form of crest amplification during the daytime. The comparison between the TEC and electron density measurements during very quiet geomagnetic conditions is shown to be a useful indicator of a forthcoming earthquake.
Revision of the crown crabs, genus Hymenosoma (Crustacea: Hymenosomatidae), of South Africa

Recent genetic studies have shown that the South African crown crab, Hymenosoma orbiculare, in fact represents five distinct species, three of which are new to science and one of which needs to be resurrected. Three of these species occur in the southwestern Cape, the remaining two being found in estuaries on the South East and East coasts of South Africa. Based on genetic evidence and morphological analyses, H. geometricum Stimpson, 1858 is no longer considered a junior synonym of H. orbiculare, and is resurrected as a full species. A deeper-water species from False Bay, H. trilobatum sp. nov. as well as two East coast species, H. longicrure sp. nov. and H. projectum sp. nov., are described. The true H. orbiculare ranges from Walvis Bay in Namibia to the Gqunube Estuary near East London. H. geometricum and H. trilobatum sp. nov. are both found in deeper water and are currently known only from False Bay. H. longicrure sp. nov. is found from the Qolora Estuary to the Mngazi Estuary in the Eastern Cape and H. projectum sp. nov. along the east coast from the Mzimvubu Estuary to Lake Sibaya and Kosi Bay. The size and shape of the rostrum and ornamentation of the carapace are the main features distinguishing species. H. orbiculare has a smooth, simple rostrum and only two pairs of plain teeth on the carapace; H. geometricum has a very complex, long, trilobate rostrum and three pairs of complex, granulate teeth on the carapace; H. trilobatum sp. nov. has a less complex, extended, trilobate rostrum with smooth margins and granulate surface, with only two pairs of teeth on the carapace; H. longicrure sp. nov. and H. projectum sp. nov. both have a simple rostrum, little ornamentation on the carapace and unusual abdominal projections.
Exchange rate volatility and its effect on stock market volatility

This paper investigates empirically the effect of volatility of the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar vis-‡- vis the euro on U.S. stock market volatility while controlling for a number of drivers of stock return volatility. Using a GARCH(1, 1) model and using weekly data covering the period from the week of January 1, 1999 through the week of January 25, 2010, it is found that the 9/11 terrorist attack, bear markets, fluctuations in jobless claims, and negative equity market returns increase financial volatility. On the other hand, no conclusive results are found regarding the effect of fluctuations in M2, or incorrect expectations of changes in the federal funds target rate. Finally, it is found that when major drivers of financial volatility are controlled for, increased exchange rate volatility exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on the volatility of stock returns. Monetary policymakers need to take this effect into account when formulating exchange rate actions within the prevailing managed float.
Genetic Evaluation of Growth Traits in Nellore Cattle through Multi-trait and Random Regression Models

Teixeira B.B. , Mota R.R. , Lôbo R.B. , Silva L.P., Souza Carneiro A.P., Silva F.G. , Caetano G.C. , Silva F.F. (2018): Genetic evaluation of growth traits in Nellore cattle through multi-trait and random regression models. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 63, 212–221. We aimed to evaluate different orders of fixed and random effects in random regression models (RRM) based on Legendre orthogonal polynomials as well as to verify the feasibility of these models to describe growth curves in Nellore cattle. The proposed RRM were also compared to multi-trait models (MTM). Variance components and genetic parameters estimates were performed via REML for all models. Twelve RRM were compared through Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria. The model of order three for the fixed curve and four for all random effects (direct genetic, maternal genetic, permanent environment, and maternal permanent environment) fits best. Estimates of direct genetic, maternal genetic, maternal permanent environment, permanent environment, phenotypic and residual variances were similar between MTM and RRM. Heritability estimates were higher via RRM. We presented perspectives for the use of RRM for genetic evaluation of growth traits in Brazilian Nellore cattle. In general, moderate heritability estimates were obtained for the majority of studied traits when using RRM. Additionally, the precision of these estimates was higher when using RRM instead of MTM. However, concerns about the variance components estimates in advanced ages via Legendre polynomial must be taken into account in future studies.
Assessment of Flexural Strengthening Behavior Using the Stirrup-Cutting Near Surface Mounted(CNSM) CFRP strip

Recently, the near surface mounted (NSM) FRP strengthening technique has been actively applied to deteriorated concrete structures for rehabilitation purposes. However, the use of this conventional NSM technique could be restricted due to the insufficient height or strength of the concrete cover. In this study, the stirrup-Cutting Near Surface Mounted(CNSM) technique was considered as an alternative, whereby NSM strips are placed at a deeper level, namely at the level of the main steel reinforcement. A flexural test of a concrete beam strengthened with CNSM technique was performed and the results were then compared to those for a concrete beam strengthened by the conventional NSM technique. The embedment length of the CFRP strips was varied in order to increase the effect of the anchoring depth of the NSM and CNSM CFRP strips in the beam specimens. From the results of the test, the beam with the CNSM CFRP strip showed typical structural behavior similar to that of the beam with the NSM CFRP strip. Moreover, there was no apparent structural degradation resulting from the stirrup partial-cutting. Consequently, the CNSM strengthening technique can be suitably utilized for extensively damaged concrete structures where it is difficult to apply the conventional NSM technique.
nabolic steroid use and body image psychopathology in men : elineating between appearance-versus performance-driven otivations

Objective: Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use has been robustly associated with negative body image, and eatingand muscularity-oriented psychopathology. However, with AAS being increasingly utilized for both appearance and athletic performance-related purposes, we investigated whether comorbid body image psychopathology varies as a function of motivation for usage. Method: Self-reported motivation for current and initial AAS use was recorded amongst 122 AAS using males, alongside measures of current disordered eating and muscle dysmorphia psychopathology. Results: Those reporting AAS for appearance purposes reported greater overall eating disorder psychopathology, F(2, 118) = 7.45, p = 0.001, p = 0.11, and muscle dysmorphia psychopathology, F(2, 118) = 7.22, p < 0.001, p = 0.11, than those using AAS primarily for performance purposes. Additionally, greater dietary restraint, F(2, 116) = 3.61, p =0.030, p = 0.06, functional impairment, F(2, 118) = 3.26, 2 2 p = 0.042, p = 0.05, and drive for size, F(2, 118) = 10.76, p <0.001, p = 0.15, was demonstrated in those using ASS for appearance purposes. Discussion: Motivation for AAS use may be important in accounting for differential profiles of body image psychopathology amongst users. Men whose AAS use is driven primarily by appearance-related concerns may be a particularly dysfunctional subgroup. © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Media uses and social representations of climate change

A survey study with Portuguese participants (N=614) was carried out to investigate the relationship between practices of media consumption, the use of other sources of information, and social representations of climate change. Results show a moderate level of knowledge about climate change, a high level of concern and a high level of perceived risk towards the potential effects of climate change, emotionally negative images associated with climate change, and low frequency of climate-friendly individual behaviour. News media are reported to be the main sources of information on climate change and are positively assessed in terms of credibility. Practices of media consumption are a predictor variable of individual mitigation actions, behavioural intentions, concern about climate change and, in a smaller degree, knowledge about climate change. However, they have little impact on risk perceptions and on the emotional valence of the images associated with climate change. Keywords: climate change, media, social representations, attitudes, risk
Social context and the self-regulation of implicit bias

Placing outgroup members in positive social contexts can reduce implicit bias. Different contexts may activate different associations of the group. Alternatively, contexts may act as cues for inhibiting bias. We applied the Quad model (Sherman et al., 2008) to address these possibilities. We also examined how motivation moderates these effects. Participants completed a Black—White evaluative priming task with primes presented in positive versus negative contexts and a measure of motivation to control prejudice. Results showed less implicit bias in positive versus negative contexts and that this effect was stronger among highly motivated participants. Modeling revealed that these effects were related to inhibition of biased associations, but not to changing the associations that were activated. Implications for prejudice reduction are discussed.
Quantifying the deciduousness of tropical forest canopies under varying climates

Deciduousness is an important functional attribute of tropical trees, reflecting climatic conditions. Precisely quantifying and mapping deciduousness in tropical forests will be necessary for calibrating remote sensing images which attempt to assess canopy properties such as carbon cycling, productivity, or chlorophyll content. We thus set out to assess the degree of canopy deciduousness in three moist, semi-deciduous tropical forests in central Panama. One site is a 6-ha research plot near the Atlantic coast of Panama, where rainfall is 2830 mm/yr. The second site is a 50-ha plot on Barro Colorado Island, near the center of the isthmus of Panama, where rainfall is 2570 mm/yr, and the final site is a 4-ha plot near the Pacific coast of Panama, where rainfall is 2060 mm/yr. At each site, a random sample of trees from all canopy species (those with individuals ≥ 30 cm DBH) were visited and scored for deciduousness three times during the 1997 dry season. The estimated peak fraction of deciduous individuals in the canopy at the wetter site was 4.8%, at the intermediate site, 6.3%, and at the drier site, 24.3%. The estimated fraction of crown area deciduous peaked at 3.6%, 9.7%, and 19.1% at the wet, medium, and dry sites respec- tively. The percentage of canopy species that was deciduous - 14%, 28%, and 41% - was much higher than the percentage of deciduous individuals, because not all individuals of de- ciduous species were deciduous. During the 1999 dry sea- son, every individual of all the deciduous species was visited at the two drier sites, and the total number of deciduous trees observed closely matched the estimated numbers based on the smaller 1997 samples.
The notion of the relationship to knowledge: A theoretical tool for research in science education

This article pursues a dual objective. First, it seeks to present the notion of the relationship to knowledge as a valuable theoretical tool for science education research. Secondly, it aims to illustrate how this notion has been operationalized in recent research conducted in Quebec (Canada) that focuses on teachers‟ and students‟ relationship to knowledge. The first portion of this article presents the notion of the relationship to knowledge, documenting its origins, usefulness and contributions to research in the field of science education. In the second portion, we present four (4) studies recently conducted in Quebec that relied on the notion of the relationship to knowledge to analyze, respectively: 1) postsecondary science students‟ relationships to experts; 2) secondary students‟ epistemological postures and relationship to scientific knowledge; 3) the relationship to knowledge and school of primary and secondary students who repeated a school year; and 4) the relationships to knowledges (in the plural form) of preservice secondary science and social studies teachers. We also present one (1) project, in progress at this time, which is dedicated to the point of view of preservice primary teachers concerning science and science education. By way of conclusion, we set out some main avenues for further research and debate in science education.
How Do Banks Pick Safer Ventures? A Theory Relating the Importance of Risk Aversion and Collateral to Interest Margins and Credit Rationing

The paper augments the asymmetric information literature on bank lending to new ventures by focusing on the more neglected area of moral hazard; specifically the relationship between risk aversion, an entrepreneur? s wealth and the provision of collateral. The results highlight some interesting nuances which are not characteristic of the properties of models that have dominated the literature and which mainly focus on the problems of adverse selection. Contrary to models such as Evans and Jovanovic (1989) Blanchflower and Oswald (1998) our model shows that credit rationing does not necessarily have to be negatively related to an entrepreneur? s initial wealth. Our model shows that banks can use collateral as a means of affecting an entrepreneur? s risk aversion â€“ the tactic being least effective for both very low and high wealth individuals. We show that this can cause banks to ration credit at both tails of the wealth distribution. Furthermore, we argue that credit rationing is likely to be less applicable to low wealth individuals, as a small increase in their initial wealth can have very dramatic effects on access to bank finance as it both increases the risk aversion of the borrower as well as the usual affect of raising the amount of the debt that is effectively securitized through borrower collateral. Thus, through this mechanism, low wealth individuals who can provide at least some collateral would have greater access to finance than previously supposed. The results also indicate why collateral to debt ratio need not be negatively related to interest rate margins.