Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Divergence of hippocampal mossy fibers

By connecting the fascia dentata with the hippocampus proper, the axons of the granule cells, the mossy fibers, represent an important element of the main excitatory, trisynaptic pathway of the hippocampal formation. In this review the various synaptic connections of the mossy fibers are discussed. It turns out that the mossy fibers do not only establish synapses with the pyramidal neurons of regio inferior as traditionally assumed, but a variety of local circuit neurons as well as projection cells are also contacted by the mossy fibers. Thus there is an underestimated divergence of the impulse flow within the “trisynaptic” pathway at the level of the mossy fibers. Similarly, the pattern of afferent input to the granule cells, especially that of GABAergic neurons, is more complex than previously assumed. In this respect the concept of a unidirectional “trisynaptic” pathway certainly is an oversimplification. In particular, the hilus of the fascia dentata, that the 'mossy fibers traverse on their way to regio inferior, is often neglected in this concept. The hilar region comprises a large variety of morphologically and functionally distinct neuronal types that, to a large extent, are targets of hilar mossy fiber collaterals. By focusing on the mossy fiber system, an attempt is made in this review to summarize new data on hippocampal circuitries that have been accumulated since the original description of the trisynaptic pathway. This concept, which originally comprised the synapses of the perferant path fibers on dentate granule cells, the mossy fiber synapses on CA3 pyramidal neurons, and the synapses of the Schaffer collaterals on CA1 pyramidal cells, has been of great heuristic value but needs to be modified in view of recent morphological and physiological data. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipid Metabolism During Treatment of Endometriosis with the Progestin Dienogest

The effects of a new progestational compound, dienogest (17α‐cyano‐methyl‐17β‐hydroxy‐estra‐4,9‐dien‐3‐one) on lipid metabolism have been studied in 84 otherwise healthy women with laparoscopically proven endometriosis. The women, aged 17 to 45, years were treated with 2 mg dienogest in tablet form daily for 24 weeks. The progestin was highly effective on endometriotic lesions and symptoms, showing an objective endoscopic and a subjective symptomatic improvement in 80% and 83% respectively. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol and the LDL‐cholesterol/HDL‐cholesterol ratio were determined before and after 1, 3 and 6 months use of the progestin. There was a maximum decrease of —5.8% in HDL‐cholesterol and of —6.5% in triglycerides after 6 months of therapy vis‐à‐vis the pretreatment values. The maximum increase in LDL‐cholesterol of +5.0% was recorded by the end of the first month of dienogest ingestion. The LDL‐cholesterol/HDL‐cholesterol ratio rose from 1.6 to 1.8 during the course of therapy. There were no significant changes. The data suggest that 2 mg dienogest has little influence on lipid metabolism and provides also in this respect a suitable approach to the hormonal therapy of endometriosis.
Ethnic Out-Group Faces Are Biased in the Prejudiced Mind

Prejudice biases cognition, affect, and behavior toward ethnic out-groups. We propose that prejudice also biases the way people conceptualize the facial appearance of out-group members. Popular belief holds that people's personality traits are reflected in their facial features. We hypothesized that prejudiced people also have more negatively stereotyped mental representations of faces of people in the out-group. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two studies involving the category of Moroccans, a highly stigmatized immigrant group in The Netherlands. The results of the first study suggested that highly prejudiced people have biased mental representations of Moroccan faces. We ran a second study using more trials in the image construction phase, but with an otherwise identical design, to enhance the quality of individual participants' classification images. This allowed us to replicate the findings of the first study on an individual rather than subgroup level.
Is radical trachelectomy a safe alternative to radical hysterectomy for patients with Stage IA–B carcinoma of the cervix?

The prognosis associated with lymph node negative, early stage carcinoma of the cervix is excellent, with 5‐year survival rates greater than 90%. Radical trachelectomy in combination with pelvic lymph node dissection (RVT + LPL) has emerged as an alternative to radical hysterectomy (RH) for these patients who desire preservation of fertility. However, there are limited data to support its efficacy and safety.
Social emotional optimization algorithm for beamforming of linear antenna arrays

Antenna array optimization in electromagnetics has thrown a growing influence on the communication systems. In this paper, a novel meta-heuristic search method based on social emotional optimization algorithm (SEOA) are applied to determine the best optimal current excitation weights and optimal inter-element spacing of optimized hyper beamforming of linear antenna arrays. Hyper beam is derived from sum and difference beam patterns of the array, each raised to the power of a hyper beam exponent parameter. SEOA is a population-based stochastic optimization algorithm where each individual simulates one natural person. All individuals communicate among them through cooperation and competition to increase the social status. The winner with the highest status is the final solution. As compared to uniformly excited linear antenna array with inter-element spacing of λ/2, conventional non-optimized hyper beamforming and optimal hyper beamforming of the same obtained by FFA [18], SEOA applied to the hyper beam of the same array can achieve much greater reduction in SLL and same or less first null beam width (FNBW), keeping the same value of hyper beam exponent parameter. The whole experiment has been performed for 10-, 14-, and 20-element linear antenna arrays.
The Impact of Dental and Facial Pain

This paper presents data from a mail survey on dental and facial pain. The survey was conducted in the City of Toronto in 1986. The aim of the study was to obtain estimates of the prevalence of such pain and its impact on daily life. A random sample of 1014 names was drawn from the voters' list, and, as a result of four mailings, information was obtained on 71.6% of the eligible sample. Of those returning questionnaires, 39.7% reported dental or facial pain in the previous four weeks. A psychological impact in the form of worry or concern was reported by 70.3% of those experiencing pain, while 58.0% reported one or more behavioral impacts. The most common behavioral impacts were consulting a dentist or doctor, avoiding certain foods, taking medication, and disturbance of sleep. Severe behavioral impacts such as work disability, need for bed rest, and reduced social contacts were also reported by some of those having pain. The results suggest that dental and facial pain imposes a significant burden on the community. Further research is indicated, with more sensitive impact measures being used.
Parasitic, bacterial, and viral enteric pathogens associated with diarrhea in the Central African Republic

A total of 1,197 diarrheic children less than 15 years old were investigated for parasitic, bacterial, and viral enteropathogens from March 1981 through February 1982 in the Central African Republic. One or more pathogens were identified from 49.4% of the patients. Rotavirus was the most frequently identified pathogen among children less than 18 months old. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was the second most frequently isolated pathogen (12.1%) in children less than 2 years of age. Campylobacter jejuni was also isolated frequently from diarrheic children less than 5 years of age (10.9%). Entamoeba histolytica was identified in very young children and was found to be the most frequent enteropathogen associated with diarrhea in children over the age of 2 years. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was rarely isolated (ca. 2%). There was a peak in the incidence of rotavirus during the dry season and in the incidence of Campylobacter jejuni during the rainy season.
Accountants' Behavioural Intention to Use Forensic Accounting Techniques for Fraud Prevention and Detection in Nigeria

Fraud is a global problem. However, the rate and nature of fraud in Nigeria is quite alarming. The study therefore examined the behavioural intention of accounting practitioner to use forensic accounting techniques in fraud prevention and detection in Nigeria. Data were collected from accountants from 9 states and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The Structural equation modelling was adopted in analyzing the data. Seven propositions were tested in the study. From the results, all the propositions were supported. It was concluded from this study that accountant"s will accept use of forensic accounting in the prevention and detection of fraud if they understand the benefits, risk, fraud susceptibility and fraud severity in their establishment. It was recommended that educational activities of training institution should therefore be directed toward increasing awareness on forensic accounting.
The Economics Of Money Banking And Financial Markets

Thank you very much for reading the economics of money banking and financial markets. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this the economics of money banking and financial markets, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their laptop.
Neuropeptide Y stimulates autophagy in hypothalamic neurons

Significance Autophagy impairment is a major hallmark of aging, and any intervention that enhances autophagy is of potential interest to delay aging. However, it was described that the hypothalamus is a brain area with a key role on whole-body aging. In the present study, we show that an endogenous molecule produced by the hypothalamus, the neuropeptide Y (NPY), stimulates autophagy in rodent hypothalamus. Because both hypothalamic autophagy and NPY levels decrease with age, a better understanding of hypothalamic neuronal autophagy regulation by NPY may provide new putative therapeutic strategies to ameliorate age-related deteriorations and delay aging. Aging is characterized by autophagy impairment that contributes to age-related disease aggravation. Moreover, it was described that the hypothalamus is a critical brain area for whole-body aging development and has impact on lifespan. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the major neuropeptides present in the hypothalamus, and it has been shown that, in aged animals, the hypothalamic NPY levels decrease. Because caloric restriction (CR) delays aging, at least in part, by stimulating autophagy, and also increases hypothalamic NPY levels, we hypothesized that NPY could have a relevant role on autophagy modulation in the hypothalamus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of NPY on autophagy in the hypothalamus. Using both hypothalamic neuronal in vitro models and mice overexpressing NPY in the hypothalamus, we observed that NPY stimulates autophagy in the hypothalamus. Mechanistically, in rodent hypothalamic neurons, NPY increases autophagy through the activation of NPY Y1 and Y5 receptors, and this effect is tightly associated with the concerted activation of PI3K, MEK/ERK, and PKA signaling pathways. Modulation of hypothalamic NPY levels may be considered a potential strategy to produce protective effects against hypothalamic impairments associated with age and to delay aging.
Amplified music and young people's hearing

We gave 944 young people (aged 16 to 20 years) pure‐tone audiometry, electroacoustic impedance tests, and ear, nose and throat examina‐tion. We questioned them about their histories of exposure to occupational and recreational noise. The data do not support the view that there is wide‐spread hearing loss caused by exposure to amplified music in young people under the age of 21 years. However, the accumulated exposure of some of them to noise is such that, if their recreational patterns remain the same, they are at risk of some noise‐induced hearing loss by their mid‐twenties. Further empirical studies are necessary to determine whether these hearing losses will even‐tuate. (Med J Aust 1982; 2: 125‐128)
A 22.3dB Voltage Gain 6.1dB NF 60GHz LNA in 65nm CMOS with Differential Output

This paper describes a 60GHz LNA, implemented in a 65nm digital CMOS technology, that has a single-ended input and a differenntial output. At 59.3GHz, the LNA achieves a maximum voltage gain of 22.3dB (power gain of 19.3dB). The input matching is better than -lOdB over the entire 3dB bandwidth from 55.8GHz to 63.5GHz. The LNA has a minimum measured NF of 6.1dB, an output compression point of +2.7dBm and draws 29mA from a 1.2V supply.
Successful Employee Retention Strategies in Childcare Centers

Successful Employee Retention Strategies in Childcare Centers by Ahmad Shaheen MS, Ashford University, 2013 BS, Ashford University, 2011 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University December 2016 Abstract Fifty percent of childcare employees leave their jobs by the close of their 5th year of experience. The purpose of this exploratory single case study was to explore whatFifty percent of childcare employees leave their jobs by the close of their 5th year of experience. The purpose of this exploratory single case study was to explore what retention strategies some childcare center directors use to retain their employees in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area. The research population consisted of 5 childcare center directors who successfully implemented retention strategies in 5 different childcare centers. The conceptual framework for this study was the Herzberg, Mausner, and Snyderman motivation-hygiene theory. Data were collected via semistructured interviews with the directors and from centers’ handbooks and strategic plans. Coding, word frequency, and thematic analysis were conducted, and member checking was employed to bolster the trustworthiness of interpretations. Three main themes emerged: the importance of employee compensation, communication and culture, and education and training to retain childcare center employees. Understanding the strategies to retain employees may help childcare center directors reduce the turnover and ensure stability for employees in that industry. The implications for positive social change include lower unemployment rates and a more stable childcare labor market. Successful Employee Retention Strategies in Childcare Centers by Ahmad Shaheen MS, Ashford University, 2013 BS, Ashford University, 2011 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University December 2016 Dedication I dedicate this doctoral study to my wife, Sarah, and my children, Sharief and Adam. I strive to be the best I can be to make sure that you do the same. Put God first and always believe that he will put you on the right path. Second, I dedicate this to my father and my mother, who gave up many things in life to provide me with everything I have. Finally, I dedicate this to my brother, Farzat, and brother-in-law, Hamza, who always pushed me to complete my education. Acknowledgments First, I acknowledge and thank God for helping me through this journey. I truly must acknowledge my excellent Chair, Dr. Mohamad Saleh Hammoud, you have guided me through and helped me out during the process, you believed in me, encouraged me, and supported me and served as a mentor. I would like to thank Dr. Beverly Muhammad for serving as second committee member and Dr. James Savard for serving as university reviewer. Finally, I would like to thank all the participants who took time out of their busy schedule; you know who you are.
Adaptive position tracking of VTOL UAVs

An adaptive position tracking control scheme is proposed for vertical thrust propelled unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs) in the presence of external disturbances. As an intermediary step, the system attitude is used to direct the thrust towards the position target. Instrumental in our control design, an extraction method allowing to obtain the desired attitude and thrust from the required force driving the system towards the desired position, is proposed. Finally, the control torque is designed for the overall system to achieve the tracking objective. The proposed controller ensures global asymptotic stability of the overall closed loop system.
Incidence and risk factors for diarrhea following kidney transplantation and association with graft loss and mortality.

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal complications after kidney transplantation are associated with inferior graft outcomes. We examined the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of posttransplantation diarrhea. STUDY DESIGN Historic cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS We examined first kidney transplant recipients in the United States from 1995 to 2002, with follow-up through December 2002. Recipients of multiple organs were excluded. We limited our study population to Medicare beneficiaries. PREDICTORS Recipient, donor, and transplant characteristics were ascertained by means of US Renal Data System database inquiry. OUTCOMES Incidence of diarrhea, graft loss, and death after transplantation. First episodes of diarrhea after transplantation were ascertained by using International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes using Medicare billing data. Cause of diarrhea was classified as infectious or not and according to specific cause. Graft loss and death were ascertained from the date of the first diarrhea episode. RESULTS We enrolled 41,442 patients. Mean follow-up was 758 +/- 399 days. We observed 7,103 diarrhea cases and 8,104 graft losses (4,201 deaths). The 3-year cumulative incidence of diarrhea was 22%, with 18% diagnosed as noninfectious diarrhea with an unspecified cause. Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, factors associated with increased risk of unspecified noninfectious diarrhea were female sex (hazard ratio [HR], 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.33 to 1.48), type 1 diabetes (HR, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.37), and regimens containing tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (HR, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.28 to 1.46). Unspecified noninfectious diarrhea was associated with increased risk of graft failure (HR, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.98 to 2.28) and patient death (HR, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.85 to 2.24). LIMITATIONS Use of claims data to ascertain patient characteristics and events; inability to make causal inference based on retrospective designs. CONCLUSIONS Regimens containing tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil were associated with increased risk of noninfectious diarrhea. Episodes of noninfectious diarrhea doubled the hazard of graft loss and patient death.
Choice under Uncertainty : Implications for Public Policy ∗

We analyse how progressive taxation and education subsidies affect schooling decisions when the returns to education are stochastic. We use the theory of real options to solve the problem of education choice in a dynamic stochastic model. We show that education attainment will be an increasing function of the risk associated with education. Furthermore, this result holds regardless of the degree of risk aversion. We also show that progressive taxes will tend to increase education attainment. JEL Classification: J24, C61, D81.
[Effect of tamoxifen on plasma proteins in diabetes mellitus type 1].

PURPOSE Considering that important scientific advances have been obtained through studies based on experimental Diabetes mellitus, and that tamoxifen action in humans remains unknown, the aim of the present work is to follow the modifications promoted by diabetes and tamoxifen in the electrophoretic profile of plasmatic proteins. METHODS It was used 27 Wistar female rats (180-250 body weight), randomicaly divided into five groups: C1 (n = 3, received vehicle), C2 (n = 3, no treatment), T (n =5, treated with tamoxifen, 0.3mg/Kg/day), D (n = 8, experimental diabetes by estreptozotocin, 45mg/Kg and DT (n = 8, diabetic treated with tamoxifen). The electrophoresis was accomplished in cellulose acetate. pH 8.6-8.8, TECNOW chamber, and the strains were stained by Ponceau S. The total proteins were determined by the Biuret method (Labtest). Proteinograms were obtained in densitometer BioSystems BTS-235. RESULTS Albumin decreased progressively in the groups T, D and DT; a1 fraction increased in groups T and DT; a2 fraction increased in groups T and D, including a synergic effect in group DT; a fraction increased in groups T and D; a fraction increased in groups T, D and DT. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate an acute phase resposta, with synergic effect of tamoxifen and diabetes, suggesting a probable hepatic lesion.
Inhibition of &agr;5 &ggr;-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors Restores Recognition Memory After General Anesthesia

BACKGROUND: General anesthetics cause cognitive deficits that persist much longer than would be expected on the basis of their pharmacokinetics. The cellular mechanisms underlying these postanesthetic cognitive deficits remain unknown. &ggr;-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are principal targets for most anesthetics. In particular, the &agr;5GABAA receptor subtype has been implicated in acute memory blockade during anesthesia and memory deficits in the early postoperative period. We first sought to determine whether working memory and short-term recognition memory are impaired after isoflurane anesthesia. The second aim of the study was to determine whether memory deficits after isoflurane can be reversed by inhibiting &agr;5GABAA receptors. We also sought to determine whether the expression of &agr;5GABAA receptors is necessary for the development of memory dysfunction after isoflurane. Lastly, the effect of sevoflurane on memory was studied. METHODS: Wild-type and &agr;5GABAA receptor null-mutant (Gabra5–/–) mice were treated with isoflurane (1.3%; 1 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]) or sevoflurane (2.3%; 1 MAC) or vehicle gas for 1 hour. Memory performance was assessed with a novel object recognition task. Mice were trained on the recognition task either 24 hours or 72 hours after isoflurane anesthesia. Working memory and short-term memory were tested 1 minute and 1 hour after training, respectively. To determine whether inhibition of &agr;5GABAA receptors reverses memory deficits, we treated a subset of mice with L-655,708 (0.35 mg/kg or 0.7 mg/kg) 23.5 hours after isoflurane and 30 minutes before behavioral training. RESULTS: Short-term memory was impaired in wild-type mice 24 hours after isoflurane as evidenced by a decrease in the discrimination ratio (control 0.66 ± 0.03 vs isoflurane 0.51 ± 0.03, P = 0.0005). In contrast, working memory was not impaired by isoflurane (control 0.68 ± 0.05 vs isoflurane 0.67 ± 0.04, P = 0.979). The deficit in short-term memory was fully reversed by L-655,708 (effect of isoflurane × L-655,708, F 2,102 = 3.59, P = 0.032; isoflurane 0.51 ± 0.03 vs isoflurane + L-655,708 at 0.35 mg/kg 0.67 ± 0.03, P < 0.05). By 72 hours, the deficits in short-term memory resolved spontaneously (control 0.65 ± 0.05 vs isoflurane 0.60 ± 0.04, P = 0.441). Gabra5–/– mice showed no short-term memory deficits 24 hours after isoflurane (effect of isoflurane F 1,47 = 0.375, P = 0.544). Sevoflurane also caused memory deficits 24 hours after anesthesia, as evidence by a reduction in the discrimination ratio (control 0.63 ± 0.02 vs sevoflurane 0.53 ± 0.03, P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Inhalational anesthetics cause deficits in anterograde recognition memory. This proof-of-concept study shows that &agr;5GABAA receptors are necessary for the development of postanesthetic deficits in recognition memory and that these receptors can be targeted to restore memory even after the anesthetic has been eliminated.