Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Astragalus polysaccharides, Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides, and Acantbepanax senticosus saponin on the performance and immunity in weaned pigs.

Two trials were conducted to study the effects of two Chinese herbal polysaccharides, Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS), and one Chinese herbal saponin, Acantbepanax senticosus saponin (ASS), on the immunity and growth performance of weaned pigs. Experiment 1 was a 14-day growth assay, in which 32 weaned pigs were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments: i) 0.05% talcum powder control; ii) 0.05% APS; iii) 0.05% mixture of APS and ASS in a 1:1 ratio by weight; and iv) 0.05% mixture of APS, ASS, and ABPS in a ratio of 1:1:1 by weight. Blood samples were collected on day 14 to determine plasma parameters. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency were also determined. Experiment 2 was a 21-day immunity assay, in which 16 weaned pigs were randomly allotted to one of two dietary treatments: i) 0.05% talcum powder control; and ii) 0.05% mixture of APS and ASS in a 1:1 ratio by weight. On day 21, pigs were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 3 h later blood samples were collected and analyzed for lymphocyte proliferation as well as interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), growth hormone (GH), and cortisol levels. In Experiment 1, feeding Chinese herbal polysaccharides and saponin increased growth performance of the pigs. The effects of the mixture of APS and ASS were especially notable, as there was a significant improvement in growth performance compared with the control (p 0.05). In Experiment 2, Chinese herbal polysaccharides and saponin showed immunostimulating effects. The level of cortisol, GH, and IGF-I were significantly increased (p>0.05), and the level of IL-6 showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the APS and ASS treatment after the LPS challenge. The mixture of APS and ASS could stimulate the blood lymphocyte proliferation significantly whether the LPS was injected or not (p<0.05). These results show that Chinese herbal extracts can improve growth performance and stimulate immunity of weaned pigs. A mixture of APS and ASS, compared with APS alone, could be a new kind of immunostimulant for weaned pigs, which could result in greater positive effects on their growth performance and immunity.
CAN WE DETECT THE COLOR–DENSITY RELATION WITH PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS?

A variety of methods have been proposed to define and to quantify galaxy environments. While these techniques work well in general with spectroscopic redshift samples, their application to photometric redshift surveys remains uncertain. To investigate whether galaxy environments can be robustly measured with photo-z samples, we quantify how the density measured with the nearest-neighbor approach is affected by photo-z uncertainties by using the Durham mock galaxy catalogs in which the 3D real-space environments and the properties of galaxies are known exactly. Furthermore, we present an optimization scheme in the choice of parameters used in the 2D projected measurements that yield the tightest correlation with respect to the 3D real-space environments. By adopting the optimized parameters in the density measurements, we show that the correlation between the 2D projected optimized density and the real-space density can still be revealed, and the color–density relation is also visible out to z ∼ 0.8 even for a photo-z uncertainty ( ) up to 0.06. We find that at redshifts 0.3 < z < 0.5 a deep (i ∼ 25) photometric redshift survey with yields a performance in small-scale density measurement that is comparable to a shallower i ∼ 22.5 spectroscopic sample with ∼10% sampling rate. Finally, we discuss the application of the local density measurements to the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey (PS-MDS), one of the largest deep optical imaging surveys. Using data from ∼5 square degrees of survey area, our results show that it is possible to measure local density and to probe the color–density relation with 3σ confidence level out to z ∼ 0.8 in the PS-MDS. The color–density relation, however, quickly degrades for data covering smaller areas.
STELLAR MASSES AND STAR FORMATION RATES FOR 1 M GALAXIES FROM SDSS+WISE

We combine Sloan Digitital Sky Survey (SDSS) and WISE photometry for the full SDSS spectroscopic galaxy sample, creating spectral energy distributions (SEDs) that cover λ = 0.4–22 μm for an unprecedentedly large and comprehensive sample of 858,365 present-epoch galaxies. Using MAGPHYS, we then simultaneously and consistently model both the attenuated stellar SED and the dust emission at 12 and 22 μm, producing robust new calibrations for monochromatic mid-IR star formation rate (SFR) proxies. These modeling results provide the first mid-IR-based view of the bimodality in star formation activity among galaxies, exhibiting the sequence of star-forming galaxies (“main sequence”) with a slope of d log SFR / d log M * = ? > 0.80 and a scatter of 0.39 dex. We find that these new SFRs along the SF main sequence are systematically lower by a factor of 1.4 than those derived from optical spectroscopy. We show that for most present-day galaxies, the 0.4–22 μm SED fits can exquisitely predict the fluxes measured by Herschel at much longer wavelengths. Our analysis also illustrates that the majority of stars in the present-day universe are formed in luminous galaxies ( ∼ L * ? > ) in and around the “green valley” of the color–luminosity plane. We make publicly available the matched photometry catalog and SED modeling results.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Cell Surface Receptors

Daily increasing evidence indicates that stem cells can be found in nearly every tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells, which reside in the bone marrow and other mesenchymal tissues. MSCs can be expanded to large numbers and can be driven into diverse mesenchymal cell lineages, including chondrocytes. Therefore, MSCs have attracted the attention of the biomedical community as very promising tools for repair of joint tissues, such as articular cartilage. This review will outline the MSC surface receptors and will focus on receptors that deliver important signals for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Finally, the role of receptors in the progression of cartilage degeneration disorders, such as osteoarthritis (OA), will be discussed.
LOCAL ENERGETICS DIAGNOSTICS IN REAL TIME by

A method for the calculation and display of twice daily, real-time local energetics diagnostics is described along with brief analyses of several examples captured from output of the real-time system. Specific analyses include those of the life cycles of long-lived wave packets, the Presidents’ Day Storm of 2003, and, for the first time from an energetics perspective, a blocking anticyclone. The results of these analyses demonstrate that downstream development cannot fully explain the evolution of either the Presidents’ Day Storm or the blocking anticyclone. The utility of real-time local energetics diagnostics for some shortand medium-range forecasting applications is also discussed.
Relation between current sheets and vortex sheets in stationary incompressible MHD

Abstract. Magnetohydrodynamic configurations with strong localized current concentrations and vortices play an important role in the dissipation of energy in space and astrophysical plasma. Within this work we investigate the relation between current sheets and vortex sheets in incompressible, stationary equilibria. For this approach it is helpful that the similar mathematical structure of magnetohydrostatics and stationary incompressible hydrodynamics allows us to transform static equilibria into stationary ones. The main control function for such a transformation is the profile of the Alfven-Mach number MA, which is always constant along magnetic field lines, but can change from one field line to another. In the case of a global constant MA, vortices and electric current concentrations are parallel. More interesting is the nonlinear case, where MA varies perpendicular to the field lines. This is a typical situation at boundary layers like the magnetopause, heliopause, the solar wind flowing around helmet streamers and at the boundary of solar coronal holes. The corresponding current and vortex sheets show in some cases also an alignment, but not in every case. For special density distributions in 2-D, it is possible to have current but no vortex sheets. In 2-D, vortex sheets of field aligned-flows can also exist without strong current sheets, taking the limit of small Alfven Mach numbers into account. The current sheet can vanish if the Alfven Mach number is (almost) constant and the density gradient is large across some boundary layer. It should be emphasized that the used theory is not only valid for small Alfven Mach numbers MA
Robust Logistic Regression for Binomial Responses

n this paper robustness properties of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and several robust estimators for the logistic regression model when the responses are binary are analysed analytically by means of the Influence Function (IF) and empirically by means of simulations. It is found that the MLE and the classical Rao’s score test can be misleading in the presence of model misspecification which in the context of logistic regression means either misclassification errors in the responses or extreme data points in the design space. A general framework for robust estimation and testing is presented and a robust estimator as well as a robust testing procedure are presented. It is shown that they are less influenced by model misspecifications than their classical counterparts and they are applied to the analysis of binary data from a study on breastfeeding.
Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction

INTRODUCTION: Acute myocardial infarction can be defined as deprivation of the blood supply to the heart (ischemia) for a period of time sufficient to produce structural damage to the myocardium, often as the result of a coronary occlusion (thrombosis) (1) . Coronary care units have reduced early mortality from acute myocardial infarction by approximately 50% by providing immediate defibrillation, more precise management of heart failure, cardiogenic shock and beneficial intervention, including intravenous medications and recanalyzing infarct-related arteries, especially with stents (2, 3, 4) . Six independent variables were found to be predictive of early mortality; these are left
Self-Managed Working Time and Employee Effort: Theory and Evidence

This paper theoretically and empirically examines the impact of self-managed working time (SMWT) on employee effort. As a policy of increased worker autonomy, SMWT can theoretically increase effort via intrinsic motivation and reciprocal behaviour, but it can also lead to a decrease of effort due to a loss of control. Based on German individual-level panel data, we find that SMWT employees exert higher effort levels than employees with fixed working hours. Even after accounting for observed and unobserved characteristics there remains a modest positive effect. This effect is largely driven by employees who are intrinsically motivated, suggesting that intrinsic motivation is complementary to SMWT. However, reciprocal work intensification does not seem to be an important channel of providing extra effort.
Life Cycle of Numerically Simulated Shallow Cumulus Clouds. Part I: Transport

This paper is the first in a two-part series in which the life cycles of numerically simulated shallow cumulus clouds are systematically examined. The life cycle data for six clouds with a range of cloud-top heights are isolated from an equilibrium trade cumulus field generated by a large-eddy simulation (LES) with a uniform resolution of 25 m. A passive subcloud tracer is used to partition the cloud life cycle transport into saturated and unsaturated components; the tracer shows that on average cumulus convection occurs in a region with time-integrated volume roughly 2 to 3 times that of the liquid-water-containing volume. All six clouds exhibit qualitatively similar vertical mass flux profiles with net downward mass transport at upper levels and net upward mass flux at lower levels. This downward mass flux comes primarily from the unsaturated cloud-mixed convective region during the dissipation stage and is evaporatively driven. Unsaturated negatively buoyant cloud mixtures dominate the buoyancy and mass fluxes in the upper portion of all clouds while saturated positively buoyant cloud mixtures dominate the fluxes at lower levels. Small and large clouds have distinct vertical profiles of heating/cooling and drying/moistening, with small clouds cooling and moistening throughout their depth, while larger clouds cool and moisten at upper levels and heat and dry at lower levels. The simulation results are compared to the predictions of conceptual models commonly used in shallow cumulus parameterizations.
An extended conditional autoregressive model for Bayesian disease mapping

Disease mapping is the area of statistics that quantifies the spatial pattern in disease risk over an extended geographical region, such as a city of country. Ideally, every disease case or mortality event would be available with an exact geographical location, but due to patient confidentiality this is often not the case. Instead, the study region is partitioned into a number of small non-overlapping areal units, and only the total number of cases in each unit is available. These data are denoted by y = (y1, . . . , yn), and disease risk is quantified by comparing them to E = (E1, . . . , En), the expected number of cases given the size and demographic structure of the population in each area. The simplest measure of disease risk is the standardised incidence ratio (SIR), which for area k is given by R̂k = yk/Ek. Values above one represent areas with elevated risks of disease, while values less than one correspond to relatively healthy areas. However, elevated SIR values can occur by chance in areas where Ek is small, as only a few additional cases are required to greatly inflate the risk. Therefore the set of disease risks for all n areas are typically estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical model (see for example Lawson (2008)) and a general form is given by
A latitudinal gradient in the density of human languages in North America

The number of different species found in a given area of the Earth increases from the poles towards the equator for a wide range of terrestrial and marine organisms. A similar but opposite latitudinal gradient is also generally found in the size of the geographic range over which a species is found: range sizes are larger in more northern latitudes becoming smaller in the south, a phenomenon known as Rapaport’s rule. Here we show that the density of human language-cultural groups in North America, at the time of contact by colonizing Europeans, also followed a strong latitudinal gradient qualitatively similar to that found in North American mammals. Six times, or more, different languages were spoken in a given area in southern latitudes, compared to the density of language groups nearer to the poles. In addition, the amount of territory over which the speakers of a given language were found increases with latitude: linguistic-cultural groups conform to Rapaport’s rule. Finally, based upon a categorization of North America into 23 distinct major habitat types, we find greater linguistic diversity in areas of greater habitat diversity, independently of latitude. ‘Linguistic ecology’, or the examination of ecological factors associated with diversity in the number of linguistic groups, may shed new light on some features of cultural and linguistic evolution.
Photochemistry of atomic oxygen green and red-doublet emissions in comets at larger heliocentric distances

Context. In comets, the atomic oxygen green (5577 A) to red-doublet (6300, 6364 A) emission intensity ratio (G/R ratio) of 0.1 has been used to confirm H 2 O as the parent species producing forbidden oxygen emission lines. The larger (>0.1) value of G/R ratio observed in a few comets is ascribed to the presence of higher CO 2 and CO relative abundances in the cometary coma. Aims. We aim to study the effect of CO 2 and CO relative abundances on the observed G/R ratio in comets observed at large (>2 au) heliocentric distances by accounting for important production and loss processes of O( 1 S) and O( 1 D) atoms in the cometary coma. Methods. Recently we have developed a coupled chemistry-emission model to study photochemistry of O( 1 S) and O( 1 D) atoms and the production of green and red-doublet emissions in comets Hyakutake and Hale-Bopp. In the present work we applied the model to six comets where green and red-doublet emissions are observed when they are beyond 2 au from the Sun. Results. The collisional quenching of O( 1 S) and O( 1 D) can alter the G/R ratio more significantly than that due to change in the relative abundances of CO 2 and CO. In a water-dominated cometary coma and with significant (>10%) CO 2 relative abundance, photodissociation of H 2 O mainly governs the red-doublet emission, whereas CO 2 controls the green line emission. If a comet has equal composition of CO 2 and H 2 O, then ~50% of red-doublet emission intensity is controlled by the photodissociation of CO 2 . The role of CO photodissociation is insignificant in producing both green and red-doublet emission lines and consequently in determining the G/R ratio. Involvement of multiple production sources in the O( 1 S) formation may be the reason for the observed higher green line width than that of red lines. The G/R ratio values and green and red-doublet line widths calculated by the model are consistent with the observation. Conclusions. Our model calculations suggest that in low gas production rate comets the G/R ratio greater than 0.1 can be used to constrain the upper limit of CO 2 relative abundance provided the slit-projected area on the coma is larger than the collisional zone. If a comet has equal abundances of CO 2 and H 2 O, then the red-doublet emission is significantly (~50%) controlled by CO2 photodissociation and thus the G/R ratio is not suitable for estimating CO 2 relative abundance.
Electronic Literacy: Teaching Literary Reading through the Digital Medium

Date of Award 8-2004 Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy Department English Abstract Over the last decade, digital technology has become an increasingly important part of education. In the discipline of English language arts, digital technology has been enlisted to teach writing, as the word processor and more recently, the World Wide Web, have provided new tools and new publishing opportunities for student writers. The presence of digital technology is less pronounced, however, in literature instruction in secondary schools. In both theoretical and practical discussions of digital technology and literature, the two mediums have been conceived as radically different. This dissertation argues that the digital medium, and more specifically the World Wide Web, can support literature instruction at the secondary level. It begins by identifying two central concerns that have marked historical and contemporary approaches to literature instruction: concern for the text and concern for the reader. Next, through an examination of hypertext, it proposes that the digital medium can meet both concerns, and supplies a theoretical model for implementing digital technology in the literature curriculum.
Daily and seasonal variations in haematological and blood biochemical parameters in the tench, Tinca tinca Linnaeus, 1758

The purpose of the present study was to characterize daily variations in haematology and blood biochemistry in healthy male and female tench (Tinca tinca) in the four seasons of the year. Red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin presented a similar daily profile in spring and summer, with high values during the scotophase. Total and differential types of leucocytes showed significant daily fluctuations, with a different pattern depending on the season and/or the type of leucocytes studied. A daily rhythm in plasma glucose and triglycerides was detected in winter, but significant changes in cholesterol concentrations were only detected in females during summer. The lowest mean level for triglycerides and cholesterol was observed in winter. The daily profile of plasma total proteins was similar in the four seasons, without a significant daily oscillation. All these daily and seasonal changes in haematology and blood biochemistry indicate that the time of the day and the season must be considered when such parameters are used for assessing the physiological status of the fish, and as biomarkers for disease and/or pollutant exposure.
Analysing Molecular Mechanism Related to Therapy- Resistance in In-vitro Models of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is among the most common cause of cancer death and ranks first in the number of deaths each year in the field of gynaecological malignancies. This is due to its late diagnosis and the development of chemoresistance. Platinum derivates, including cisplatinum and carboplatin in combination with paclitaxel, are the first-line chemotherapeutic agents. Platinum derivates irreversibly intercalates into the DNA and creates inter- and intra-strand DNA cross-links. During cell division, platinum-DNA-adducts block the replication machinery, inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. Nearly all patients respond to first-line chemotherapy before it comes later to recurrence of the disease. At time of recurrence, tumours are usually more aggressive, form metastasis in secondary tissues and acquire resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics. Drug resistance is a common problem in tumour therapy not only restricted to ovarian cancer. It is characterized by gene mutations, increased DNA repair, reduced drug efficacy and enhanced drug clearance and detoxification. Up to now the complex molecular mechanism of chemoresistance is not well understood. Increasing evidence points towards AKT over-expression and alteration of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade as a central mechanistic reason for this resistance.
The AIDA soot aerosol characterisation campaign 1999

An intensive soot aerosol characterisation campaign was organised in October 1999 at the large aerosol chamber facility AIDA in Karlsruhe, with the participation of scientists from nine Austrian, German, Russian, and Swiss Research Centres and Universities who contributed special equipment and expertise. The main goal was a comprehensive physical and chemical characterisation of soot aerosol from a modern turbo Diesel passenger car equipped with an oxidation catalyst, in comparison with arti8cial soot aerosol (“Palas” soot) from a commercial spark discharge generator which is often used as a surrogate for combustion soot in laboratory studies. Included were experiments with pure ammonium sulphate aerosol as well as its external mixtures with soot aerosols, and their evolution to partially internal mixtures on time scales up to 45 h. E%ects of organic coatings on various aerosol properties, generated in situ by heterogeneous nucleation of products from the reaction of -pinene with ozone were also investigated. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the whole campaign. This includes the description of technical and modelling tools, standard procedures, and the presentation of experimental parameters in tabular form, as a common background for a series of companion papers which focus on selected scienti8c issues. Included is a comparison between Diesel and spark generated soot in terms of their Raman and ESR spectra. The most remarkable di%erence is the large spin density in spark generated soot, which exceeds that of Diesel soot by an order of magnitude. However, the spin densities in both materials are too small to a%ect the surface properties of soot aerosols to a signi8cant extent. 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.