Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Membrane potential fluorescence: A rapid and highly sensitive assay for nicotinic receptor channel function

Seven cell lines expressing native and transfected nicotinic receptor subtypes were evaluated functionally by using fluorescent assays based on membrane potential and calcium dynamics with “no-wash” dye systems. Both assays provided the same rank orders of potency for (±)-epibatidine, 2S-(−)-nicotine, 7R,9S-(−)-cytisine, and 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium in a cell line expressing rat α3β4 receptors. Nicotinic antagonists mecamylamine and dihydro-β-erythroidine inhibited responses in both assays. Both agonist and antagonist activity were assessed within the same experiment. Agonists seemed more potent in the membrane potential assay than in the calcium assay, whereas the converse was true for antagonists. The membrane potential assay afforded robust responses in K-177 cells expressing human α4β2 receptors, in IMR-32 and SH-SY5Y cells expressing human ganglionic receptors, and in TE-671 cells expressing human neuromuscular receptors. These lines gave weak to modest calcium responses. Moreover, membrane potential responses were obtained in cell lines expressing rat α4β2 and α4β4 receptors, which were devoid of calcium responses. Thus, membrane potential serves as a sensitive measure of nicotinic activity, and the resulting depolarization may be as important as calcium in cell signaling.
Assay of typhoid vaccines in mice.

SUMMARY Protection of mice against challenge with virulent Salmonella typhi could be induced by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous vaccination with heat-phenol-or acetone-inactivated suspensions of S. typhi strain Ty2 or of a Vi-producing strain of Escherichia coli, or with Vi antigen prepared from either of these. In all cases, protection rose to a maximum at about 4 days after vaccination. By day 18 this had fallen to the level at day 2. The rise and fall of Vi agglutinins in mice vaccinated either intraperitoneally or subcutaneously with heat-phenol- or with acetone-killed suspensions of S. typhi Ty2 or E. coli paralleled closely the rise and fall in protection, whereas the rise of O agglutinins corresponded with the decline in protection. It was concluded that the potency tests for typhoid vaccines according to procedures SCM and IPM (WHO type-N procedures) in mice are chiefly a measure of the response to Vi antigen and consequently not a measure of factors responsible for eliciting immunity in man.
Perioperative Head Injury Management in the Multiply Injured Trauma Patient

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the multiply injured patient can be challenging to manage for trauma surgeons, neurosurgeons, and anesthesiologists due to the competing priorities of the diagnostic workup and treatment ofbrain injuries versus systemic injuries. TBI is the leading cause of death in trauma victims, accounting for approximately half of all trauma-related deaths. 1 Destruction of brain tissue occurs in two phases: the primary injury, which involves direct tissue damage at the time of the inciting event, and the subsequent secondary injury, which occurs due to ischemia, causing calcium ion influx and free radical accumulation. Primary injury is considered irreversible, and therefore therapy is directed toward minimizing the secondary brain injury by optimizing cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) and by aggressive treatment of intracranial hypertension.
Facing the facts

Counting from the first papers by Hamilton (1963, 1964) on the principles of kin selection, it is now more than four decades that arguments about the evolution of cooperation and altruism have played an important role in evolutionary theorizing. Much of the work is characterized by ingenuity and brilliance, possibly because the evolution of cooperation is crucial for the understanding of biological organization and, in particular, for the understanding of our own species, making it an interesting topic for some of the strongest theoreticians. After this extended period of high-quality conceptual inquiry, it seems reasonable to ask whether theory in the field is becoming more successful at interpreting facts and inspiring decisive empirical observation, which is after all a main purpose of theory in the natural sciences. From such a perspective, an interesting classification of models ought to make distinctions that encourage critical empirical investigation. The target review by Lehmann & Keller (2006, L & K) achieves this aim in at least one important instance, by insisting on distinguishing whether or not interactions occur between related individuals. However, in other regards their classification seems less helpful in promoting contact between theory and observation.
PENGARUH INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN (Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode Tahun 2014-2016)

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of intellectual capital towards manufacturing companies profitability listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the last three years observation in 2014, 2015, 2016.Furthermore, explanatory was used as the kind of study. Meanwhile, the population of this study used Manufacturing Companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the time period of 2014-2016 with amount of 150 companies.There were two types of variable in this study. The independent variable was intellectual capital with the proxy (VACA, VAHU, STVA). The dependent variable was profitability with proxy (ROA) Multiple linear regression was used as the analysis method.The result of the study showed that; 1) the effect of intellectual capital proxy with Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), and Structural Capital Value Added (STVA), simultaneously has a significant positive effect on the profitability of the company that proxied with Return On Assets (ROA); 2) the study found that Value Added Capital Employed (VACA) was dominantly effected on the profitability of the company. Kеywords: Intellectual Capital, Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), Structural Capital Value Added (STVA), Return On Assets (ROA) АBSTRАK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh intellectual capital terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia selama tiga tahun pengamatan, yakni tahun 2014,2015,dan 2016.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian explanatory . Populasi penelitian adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada periode tahun 2014-2016 yang berjumlah 150 perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua tipe variabel terdiri dari variabel independen yaitu intellectual capital diproksikan dengan (VACA,VAHU,STVA) dan variabel dependen profitabilitas diproksikan dengan (ROA). Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linier berganda.Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu; 1) Pengaruh intellectual capital yang diproksikan dengan Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), dan Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) , secara simultan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan positif terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan yang diproksikan dengan Return On Assets (ROA); 2) penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Value Added Capital Employed (VACA) berpengaruh paling dominan terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan. Kаtа Kunci: Intellectual Capital , Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Human Capital (VAHU), Structural Capital Value Added (STVA), Return On Assets (ROA)
Awareness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in medical-students and doctors in Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE To assess the level of awareness regarding basic and practical knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and its importance in the eyes of medical/dental students and doctors. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted in medical and dental colleges as well as hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, from June to September 2011. Non-probability convenience sampling was used and structured questionnaires on basic and practical knowledge of the procedure were distributed. The questionnaire had 26 items related to basic and advanced knowledge of the required skills. Doctors were divided into two groups based on their years of service and practice. Those with less than 5 years' experience were grouped as junior doctors, while rest as senior doctors. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyse the data using SPPS version 17 and Microsoft Excel. Percentages were worked out and the results were interpreted. RESULT Of the 1000 questionnaires distributed, 646 (64.6%) were received duly filled and represented the study sample. Of the 646 participants, 34 (5.26%) were dentists, 424 (65.63%) were medical students, 92 (14.24%) were doctors and 96 (14.86%) were dental students. Basic knowledge of doctors was found to be better than that of dentists (n = 96; 50% vs. n = 8; 23%). Similarly, the advance knowledge of doctors was better than the dentists (n = 53; 58% vs. n = 11; 31%). The basic knowledge of junior doctors was found to be almost equal to the senior doctors (n = 26; 44.75% vs. n = 15; 45.5%). The advance knowledge of junior doctors was found to be better than the senior doctors (n = 27; 45.37% vs. n = 10; 29.48%). Among the students, 157 (37%) of the medical students had basic knowledge of CPR, while 36 (38%) dental students had basic knowledge of the topic. Medical students had more advanced knowledge (n = 157; 37%) than dental students (n = 34; 35%). CONCLUSION The awareness of basic and advance knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills in medical/dental students and doctors in Rawalpindi and Islamabad was inadequate.
Flood Insurance and Claims: The Impact of the Community Rating System

The Community Rating System (CRS) was introduced to encourage community-level flood mitigation and increase household-level flood insurance uptake through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Using historical data of policies-in-force and flood damage claims from 1998-2014 for all NFIP communities in Alabama and Mississippi, we estimate the relationship between community participation in the CRS and the number of policies-in-force, as well on flood damage claims. We find a significant, positive, and generally increasing effect of CRS participation on insurance uptake. Reduced flood damage claims are found to be limited to communities with a very high level of CRS participation (Class 5) only.
Impact of Auditor and Underwriter Reputation on Underpricing of SME IPOs in India

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) being relatively new, young and with little operating history tends to suffer from the problem of information asymmetry and ex ante uncertainty. This problem can be reduced through the use of various signals in the initial public offering (IPO) process. Hence, this study attempts to shed some light on the signalling role of prestigious auditors and underwriters and their interacted effects on IPO returns in an emerging market like India. Cross-sectional data comprising of final 286 SME IPOs issued during February 2012–March 2018 listed on the BSE SME platform and NSE EMERGE have been taken into consideration. Multiple regression analysis has been used to empirically test the signalling role. The results reveal that underwriter reputation helps in reducing information asymmetry and signals firm quality to investors. Underwriter reputation documents a positive relationship while auditor reputation lacks statistical significance. The negative relation of interaction effect of auditors and underwriters reveal that underwriter reputation plays a significant role in positively influencing investors’ perception and assisting them in taking investment decisions.
The Role of Ownership and Governance Structure in Raising Capital: An International Study

This paper investigates whether the ownership and the governance structure of firms affects the decision to raise funds, and subsequently the choice of the capital instrument. We hypothesize that the choice of capital instrument depends on the relative riskiness of the source of funds ranging from equity to debt finance including bonds, sukuk or bank loans. Using a sample from 2000-2015 of 1,565 firms from countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Pakistan, we find the evidence that ownership concentration is associated with higher control motives and restricts equity financing to avoid ownership dilution. CEO-Chair duality also coincides with fewer instances of raising external funds and relative risk sharing. On the other hand, lower information asymmetry, observed by analyst coverage and firm size, generally accompanies more issuances of debt-like products, such as bank loans and bonds. Finally, some of the prominent financial ratios such as market-to-book value, leverage and macroeconomic factors significantly drive firms in their decision to raise funds and share risk.
Founder Involvement in CEO Turnover

We study the role of a company founder in its internal governance. Using a sample of 484 CEO turnovers for 2000–2015, we establish that CEOs are fired for poor performance. However, the likelihood of a poor-performing founder-CEO being fired is lower than that of an outsider CEO. Moreover,having a founder as a member of the executive or supervisory board decreasesthe likelihood that a CEO will be dismissed for poor performance. Similarly,founder ownership may have the same effect on CEO turnover. Finally, being a founder does not guarantee a poor-performing CEO a chairman position after being fired.
Examining the predictive validity of low-risk gambling limits with longitudinal data.

AIMS To assess the impact of gambling above the low-risk gambling limits developed by Currie et al. (2006) on future harm. To identify demographic, behavioural, clinical and environmental factors that predict the shift from low- to high-risk gambling habits over time. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study of gambling habits in community-dwelling adults. SETTING Alberta, Canada. PARTICIPANTS A total of 809 adult gamblers who completed the time 1 and time 2 assessments separated by a 14-month interval. MEASUREMENTS Low-risk gambling limits were defined as gambling no more than three times per month, spending no more than CAN$1000 per year on gambling and spending less than 1% of gross income on gambling. Gambling habits, harm from gambling and gambler characteristics were assessed by the Canadian Problem Gambling Index. Ancillary measures of substance abuse, gambling environment, major depression, impulsivity and personality traits assessed the influence of other risk factors on the escalation of gambling intensity. FINDINGS Gamblers classified as low risk at time 1 and shifted into high-risk gambling by time 2 were two to three times more likely to experience harm compared to gamblers who remained low risk at both assessments. Factors associated with the shift from low- to high-risk gambling behaviour from time 1 to time 2 included male gender, tobacco use, older age, having less education, having friends who gamble and playing electronic gaming machines. CONCLUSIONS An increase in the intensity of gambling behaviour is associated with greater likelihood of future gambling related harm in adults.
THE FACTORS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND ONLINE CONTENT AFFECTING FOREIGN TRAVELERS’ DECISION MAKING PROCESS TO VISIT THAILAND

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors including social media, electronic word-of-mouth, perceived ease-of-use, perceived usefulness, information credibility and destination image of Thailand affecting foreign travelers’ decision making process to visit Thailand. Total samples of 400 respondents collected with survey questionnaire by using the concept of judgement sampling, selecting respondents who usually read the online travel content in social media. The data sets utilized descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The researcher found that most of 400 foreigner respondents were females Singaporean and Chinese people, with age between 18-25 years old. Almost of them were single and the majority of the population had bachelor degree, which were studying and working in state enterprise. The largest group of income range was between 1,501-3,000 USD per month. Most of them are traveling once a year, with a length of trip about one week and plan a trip by themselves. The top three traveling purposes were family vacation, adventure and spiritual. Moreover, most of respondents spent money on traveling aboard about 5011,000 USD per each travel. The top three social medias that use in daily life were Instagram, Facebook and Youtube. The most top three sources that use for searching travel information were online travel site, friends or family and travel blog. Whereas, Facebook was indicated to be the most affecting on travel destination in decision making process. Most of them were sometimes use online travel sites. Furthermore, the result shown that electronic word-of-mouth (β = 0.437), destination image of Thailand (β = 0.272) and information credibility (β = 0.230) accounted for 62.3% positively impact decision making process of foreign travelers to visit Thailand with statistical significant at 0.05.
Neutrophil Response to Dental Plaque by Gender and Race

The inflammatory response, which has both genetic and environmental components, is a central mechanism linking oral and systemic diseases. We hypothesized that dental plaque accumulation over 21 days in the experimental gingivitis model would elicit systemic inflammatory responses [change in white blood cell (WBC) count and neutrophil activity], and that these responses would differ by gender/race. We recruited 156 healthy young adults, including black and white males and females. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), systemic WBC counts, and peripheral neutrophil oxidative activity were recorded. Overall, 128 participants completed the study. During the experimental phase, the correlation between PI and GI was 0.79. Total WBC and neutrophil counts did not change. Neutrophil activity increased in blacks but not whites, suggesting that there may be racial differences in the inflammatory response to dental plaque accumulation.
Hierarchical control of droop-controlled DC and AC microgrids — a general approach towards standardization

DC and AC microgrids are key elements to integrate renewable and distributed energy resources as well as distributed energy storage systems. In the last years, efforts toward the standardization of these microgrids have been made. In this sense, this paper present the hierarchical control derived from ISA-95 and electrical dispatching standards to endow smartness and flexibility to microgrids. The hierarchical control proposed consist of three levels: i) the primary control is based on the droop method, including an output impedance virtual loop; ii) the secondary control allows restoring the deviations produced by the primary control; and iii) the tertiary control manage the power flow between the microgrid and the external electrical distribution system. Results from a hierarchical-controlled microgrid are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Social Recruiting for Employers and Job Seekers

In fact, recruitment has always been a social attempt. It is all about interacting with people, communicating with them and identifying the right people. However, what is exactly "Social Recruiting"? The term "Social Recruiting" is very popular right now. From HR people to job seekers, all are looking for it by their separate desire. "Social Recruiting" is like an iceberg and has different meaning to different people. The outcome of this study is to provide instructions and benefits for people who are engaged in social media and for companies that seek new candidates from SMEs to multinational businesses.
Political Institutions and Civil War with a focus on Latin America October 2004

Recent research published in the American Political Science Review contends “anocracies” – loosely defined as part democracy and part dictatorship – are more susceptible to civil war than either pure democracies or pure dictatorships. In our study, we consider one type of anocracy: dictatorships with nominally-democratic institutions, such as legislatures. Drawing on a new dataset of institutions under dictatorship covering 140 countries from 1946 to 1996 (Gandhi 2004), we show that these types of regimes are actually less prone to civil war than other regime types. We find little support for the famous inverted U-shaped relationship between regime and civil war. In this version of the paper we look specifically at Latin America, where there is no support for the original anocracy result, but there is strong support for our contention that dictatorships with legislatures are not prone to civil war. 1 Assistant Professor of Political Science, Emory University, 1555 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322. Email: jgandh2@emory.edu 2 Assistant Professor of Political Science, Yale University, 124 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06520-8301. Email: james.vreeland@yale.edu
Accuracy of helical computed tomographic angiography for the diagnosis of colonic angiodysplasia.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The diagnosis of colonic angiodysplasia is often challenging and relies on endoscopy or catheter angiography. We investigated whether computed tomographic angiography (CTA) contributes to the diagnosis of colonic angiodysplasia. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with suspected bleeding from colonic angiodysplasia were prospectively evaluated. Gastrointestinal bleeding was investigated by colonoscopy plus visceral angiography and by CTA. The level of agreement between CTA and the former procedures was determined. RESULTS CTA images of diagnostic quality were obtained in 26 patients. Eighteen patients were diagnosed with colonic angiodysplasia by colonoscopy plus visceral angiography, and 14 by CTA (kappa = 0.68; P < 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of CTA for detection of colonic angiodysplasia were 70%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. CTA signs including accumulation of vessels in the colonic wall, early filling vein, and supplying enlarged artery were present in 55%, 50%, and 22% of cases, respectively. None of these signs were present in the 8 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and negative diagnostic investigation of the digestive tract. CONCLUSIONS CTA is a sensitive, specific, well-tolerated, and minimally invasive tool for the diagnosis of colonic angiodysplasia.