Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate variability of the mid- and high-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere in ensemble simulations from 1500 to 2000 AD

To increase the sparse knowledge of long-term Southern Hemisphere (SH) climate variability, we assess an ensemble of 4 transient simulations over the last 500 yr performed with a state-of-the-art atmosphere ocean general circulation model. The model is forced with reconstructions of solar irradiance, greenhouse gas (GHG) and volcanic aerosol concentrations. A 1990 control simulation shows that the model is able to represent the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), and to some extent the South Pacific Dipole (SPD) and the Zonal Wave 3 (ZW3). During the past 500 yr we find that SPD and ZW3 variability remain stable, whereas SAM shows a significant shift towards its positive state during the 20th century. Regional temperatures over South America are strongly influenced by changing both GHG concentrations and volcanic eruptions, whereas precipitation shows no significant response to the varying external forcing. For temperature this stands in contrast to proxy records, suggesting that SH climate is dominated by internal variability rather than external forcing. The underlying dynamics of the temperature changes generally point to a combination of several modes, thus, hampering the possibilities of regional reconstructing the modes from proxy records. The linear imprint of the external forcing is as expected, i.e. a warming for increase in the combined solar and GHG forcing and a cooling after volcanic eruptions. Dynamically, only the increase in SAM with increased combined forcing is simulated.
DMSOTT-3950-risk management in the treatment

Correspondence: Giuseppe Derosa Department of internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, italy email giuseppe.derosa@unipv.it Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors. Insulin-resistance represents the common mechanism that leads to type 2 diabetes in obese subjects. Pioglitazone is an insulin-sensitizing agent available for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Large clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of pioglitazone in achieving metabolic control and reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aim: The purpose of this article is to review the effectiveness and tolerability of pioglitazone in the prevention and management of atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Evidence review: We reviewed the main monotherapy and comparative studies of pioglitazone, and particularly the recent evidence in the field of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular prevention. Place in therapy: The current evidence shows that pioglitazone is an effective option in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. More studies are needed to establish a role for pioglitazone in atherosclerosis prevention beyond glycemic control.
Forecasting District Heating Consumption based on Customer Measurements

The target of this paper was to develop a forecasting model for district heating (DH) consumption using hourly heat consumption data from individual customers. The starting point of this research was that more accurate heat consumption data is now available directly from the customers and almost in real time. Earlier forecasting models have been based on overall production data for entire heating networks or sections. The forecasting model was constructed based on linear regression where outdoor temperature predicts heat consumption. Accuracy of the model was improved by adding the weekly rhythm of heat consumption to the model. The forecasting models were developed for nine different customers, four pairs of similar customers, and all customers summed together. The results show that the accuracy of the forecasting models varies when considering different customers and increases when the social component is also taken into account. The smallest relative errors are reached in the model where all customers are summed together. The temporal differentiation of the heat consumption of single customers implies that the overall consumption of a large set of customers taken in aggregate is rather stable.
Corporate governance and firm characteristics as explanatory factors of shareholder activism: Validation through the French context

Abstract This study deals with the major determinants of company shareholder activism investigated with according to a set of SBF 120 listed firms. Based on a sample of 77 companies, observed over the period 2008–2012, we are led to conclude that some firm governance characteristics do appear to affect shareholding activism. In addition, it has been revealed that the presence of institutional investors, ownership concentration, leaders’ presence in the capital, control structure, leadership change, firm growth as well as leverage level appear to have a significant influence on the probability of activism to take place.
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• Extracts from PM collected in Beijing harm the lung and liver. • Extracts of collected heating season (HS)-PM contained higher levels of metals and Poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) than the non-HS extracts. • In the lungs, the organic extracts increased oxidative damage and reduced protection mechanisms. • In the liver, exposure to organic extracts increased Nrf2 protection genes. • PAH from coal and biomass burning may lead to observed damage in the liver. ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: michal.levin@weizmann.ac. il (M. Pard https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2018.01. 017 0048-9697/© 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o
Factors associated with the variability of CNI blood levels in kidney recipients grafted for more than 1 year Running title : Factors associated with the variability of CNI blood levels

The study of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) blood level variability to evaluate adherence in transplantation has improved over the years. The aim of our study was to assess factors associated with this variability using the coefficient of variation (CV). A cross-sectional sample of kidney recipients grafted for more than 1 year was recruited. We recorded clinical data, data from a clinical pharmacist interview and from 6 questionnaires measuring adherence, satisfaction, behaviours, beliefs, perception of the illness and social vulnerability. 408 recipients were enrolled (61.2% male, mean age 54) and divided into 2 groups: low variability CV<30% (n=302), high variability CV≥30% (n=106). In univariate analysis, hospital-home distance, cyclosporine, time since transplantation, and presence of discrepancies in drug regimen were associated with a greater risk of CV≥30%. In contrast, tacrolimus QD conferred a lower risk of CV ≥30%. In multivariate analysis, only the presence of discrepancies remained significant: (OR 3.2 [1.21-9.01]; p=0.022). A cc ep te d A rt ic le This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Discrepancies in drug regimen appear as the main risk factor associated with CNI blood variability. The clinical pharmacist's input is an accurate and simple way of detecting nonadherence which is not revealed in self-report questionnaires.
DIRAC STRUCTURES FROM LIE INTEGRABILITY

We prove that a pair (F = vector sub-bundle of TM, its annihilator) yields an almost Dirac structure which is Dirac if and only if F is Lie integrable. Then a flat Ehresmann connection on a fiber bundle ξ yields two complementary, but not orthogonally, Dirac structures on the total space M of ξ. These Dirac structures are also Lagrangian sub-bundles with respect to the natural almost symplectic structure of the big tangent bundle of M. The tangent bundle in Riemannian geometry is discussed as particular case and the 3-dimensional Heisenberg space is illustrated as example. More generally, we study the Bianchi–Cartan–Vranceanu metrics and their Hopf bundles.
Making the Dream of a Sámi School Come True: Voices from the Field

The development of the Sami’s own schooling system has been hindered by the history of assimilation, colonialism, and power relations. In Finland, there is no model of an independent Sami School that is based on the Sami culture. In this article, opinions of the experts of Sami education (N=64) on the model of a possible Sami School and its core obstacles and methods of development are introduced. The data were collected through individual writings and group discussions. Sami education should hold a more autonomous position and it should have a special Sami curriculum where the Sami language would have a central role. The macro level of education should be developed so that sovereign Sami education could be realized. An attitudinal change is also called for in order to perceive the importance and special nature of Sami education. A model of a Sami drum that strengthens the position of Sami education is introduced as the conclusion.
Protein requirements of catfish Clarias batrachus for sustainable aquaculture

Fingerlings of Clarias batrachus were fed on six formulated diets with different protein levels, over a period of 100 days to study their protein requirements. Growth and specific growth rate remained low when fed on low protein diets. Highest growth performance was observed in groups fed on 40.25% dietary protein irrespective of the protein source. An increase in dietary protein level (beyond 40.25%) repressed growth. The values of dissolved oxygen and excretion of ammonical nitrogen and ortho-phosphate remained low when fish were fed on 40.25% dietary protein irrespective of the protein source. But these values remained high for groups fed on Fishmeal (FM) based diets. The results clearly showed that, out of two protein sources used in these studies, soybean gives the most promising results. Therefore, the use of soybean (at 40.25% protein level) is recommended as an eco-friendly dietary protein source for Clarias batrachus .
THE VARIATION OF POSTURE QUALITY ACROSS MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 6 AND ITS IMPACT DURING PERFORMANCES 7 8 Short tittle : Musicians , body posture and musical instrument 9 10 11 12 13 AUTORS : 14 15

To cite this article: Patricia Blanco-Piñeiro, M Pino-Díaz Pereira & Aurora Martínez (2017): The Variation of Posture Quality Across Musical Instruments and Its Impact During Performances: Musicians, body posture and musical instrument, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2017. 1298277 To link to this article: http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/10803548.2017. 1298277
Lessons Learned: Recommendations for Establishing Critical Periodic Scientific Benchmarking

The dependence of life scientists on software has steadily grown in recent years. For many tasks, researchers have to decide which of the available bioinformatics software are more suitable for their specific needs. Additionally researchers should be able to objectively select the software that provides the highest accuracy, the best efficiency and the highest level of reproducibility when integrated in their research projects. Critical benchmarking of bioinformatics methods, tools and web services is therefore an essential community service, as well as a critical component of reproducibility efforts. Unbiased and objective evaluations are challenging to set up and can only be effective when built and implemented around community driven efforts, as demonstrated by the many ongoing community challenges in bioinformatics that followed the success of CASP. Community challenges bring the combined benefits of intense collaboration, transparency and standard harmonization. Only open systems for the continuous evaluation of methods offer a perfect complement to community challenges, offering to larger communities of users that could extend far beyond the community of developers, a window to the developments status that they can use for their specific projects. We understand by continuous evaluation systems as those services which are always available and periodically update their data and/or metrics according to a predefined schedule keeping in mind that the performance has to be always seen in terms of each research domain. We argue here that technology is now mature to bring community driven benchmarking efforts to a higher level that should allow effective interoperability of benchmarks across related methods. New technological developments allow overcoming the limitations of the first experiences on online benchmarking e.g. EVA. We therefore describe OpenEBench, a novel infra-structure designed to establish a continuous automated benchmarking system for bioinformatics methods, tools and web services. OpenEBench is being developed so as to cater for the needs of the bioinformatics community, especially software developers who need an objective and quantitative way to inform their decisions as well as the larger community of end-users, in their search for unbiased and up-to-date evaluation of bioinformatics methods. As such OpenEBench should soon become a central place for bioinformatics software developers, community-driven benchmarking initiatives, researchers using bioinformatics methods, and funders interested in the result of methods evaluation.
Occupancy of Mountain Plover and Burrowing Owl in Colorado

Abstract Concern over the decline of grassland birds has spurred efforts to increase understanding of grassland bird–habitat relationships. Previous studies have suggested that black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) provide important habitat for shortgrass prairie avifauna, such as mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) and western burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea), although such studies are lacking in Colorado (USA). We used methods to estimate occupancy (ψ) of mountain plover and burrowing owl on prairie dog colonies and other shortgrass prairie habitats in eastern Colorado. Mountain plover occupancy was higher on prairie dog colonies (ψ = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.36–0.64) than on grassland (ψ = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.03–0.15) and dryland agriculture (ψ = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.07–0.23). Burrowing owl occupancy was higher on active prairie dog colonies (ψ = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66–0.89) compared with inactive colonies (ψ = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.07–0.53), which in turn was much higher than on grassland (ψ = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.00–0.07) and dryland agriculture (ψ = 0.00, 95% CI = 0.00–0.00). Mountain plover occupancy also was positively correlated with increasing amounts of prairie dog colony in the landscape. Burrowing owl occupancy was negatively correlated with increasing amounts of prairie dog colony in the surrounding landscape. Our results suggest that actions to conserve mountain plovers and burrowing owls should incorporate land management to benefit prairie dogs. Because managing for specific colony attributes is difficult, alternative management that promotes heterogeneity may ensure that suitable habitat is available for the guild of grassland inhabitants.
MARINE STRATEGY FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) (MSFD) requires that the European Commission (by 15 July 2010) should lay down criteria and methodological standards to allow consistency in approach in evaluating the extent to which Good Environmental Status (GES) is being achieved. ICES and JRC were contracted to provide scientific support for the Commission in meeting this obligation. A total of 10 reports have been prepared relating to the descriptors of GES listed in Annex I of the Directive. Eight reports have been prepared by groups of independent experts coordinated by JRC and ICES in response to this contract. In addition, reports for two descriptors (Contaminants in fish and other seafood and Marine Litter) were written by expert groups coordinated by DG SANCO and IFREMER respectively. A Task Group was established for each of the qualitative Descriptors. Each Task Group consisted of selected experts providing experience related to the four marine regions (the Baltic Sea, the Northeast Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea) and an appropriate scope of relevant scientific expertise. Observers from the Regional Seas Conventions were also invited to each Task Group to help ensure the inclusion of relevant work by those Conventions. This is the report of Task Group 4 Food webs. How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758. The mission of the JRC is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer The Mission of ICES is to advance the scientific capacity to give advice on human activities affecting, and affected by, marine ecosystems. L B -N A -2 4 3 4 3 -E N -N
Classification from Landsat TM of Indurated Volcanic Materials (tepetates) of the Mexican Neo‐volcanique Belt

Abstract Tepetates, altered indurated and sterile volcanic tuffs, are located among the neo‐volcanic belt in central Mexico. They are divided into three classes according to the erosion level: outcrop tepetates, discontinuous tepetates (in process of erosion), and underlying tepetates (related to fragile areas with high erosion risk). For local communities and peasants, the existence of tepetates is a heavy constraint, with the impossibility to cultivate the land as it is. In order to know the localization and extension of tepetates, we experimented with various classification techniques of a Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite image. Masking techniques were used, assisted both by a DEM and photo interpretation, in addition to radiometric segmentation to obtain a map of tepetates in a study area. The resulting map showed the location of outcrop tepetates well, in agreement with existing soil maps, but underestimated underlying tepetates and high‐risk erosion localities, due mainly to the heterogeneity of the classes at the scale used (30 m pixel).
Gendered Illustrations in Philippine Textbooks

The role of the textbooks in gender socialization provided the impetus to find out if grade one textbooks used in Philippine public schools contribute to promote gender equality, which are included in the Sustainable Development Goals (UNO, 2016),i.e. goal 4â€“ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning, and goal 5â€“ achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. Gender Analysis in Textbooks laid the framework of analysis to investigate the portrayals of both sexes based on Kabira and Masinjilaâ€™s(1997) productive role, reproductive role, and community role, and to assess stereo typical portrayals of gender roles as form of hidden curriculum. Ten (10) grade one textbooks were examined. Quantitative and qualitative measures of content analysis were used to gather the data. Percentage distribution was utilized to quantitatively analyze the data, while in-depth/critical analysis was used to examine qualitatively the stereo typical representations of sexes. Findings revealed that female images dominated reproductive functions; male illustrations were assigned to wide collections of productive and community roles, and gender stereotyping was manifested by frequent portrayals of traditional roles of both sexes. Gender bias is present in grade one textbooks as marked by the unequal representations of males and females in three categories of human activities, portraying males to more diverse roles requiring strength and heavy labor while illustrating females to limited activities similar to their reproductive functions.
Dreem Open Datasets: Multi-Scored Sleep Datasets to Compare Human and Automated Sleep Staging

Sleep stage classification constitutes an important element of sleep disorder diagnosis. It relies on the visual inspection of polysomnography records by trained sleep technologists. Automated approaches have been designed to alleviate this resource-intensive task. However, such approaches are usually compared to a single human scorer annotation despite an inter-rater agreement of about 85% only. The present study introduces two publicly-available datasets, DOD-H including 25 healthy volunteers and DOD-O including 55 patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Both datasets have been scored by 5 sleep technologists from different sleep centers. We developed a framework to compare automated approaches to a consensus of multiple human scorers. Using this framework, we benchmarked and compared the main literature approaches to a new deep learning method, SimpleSleepNet, which reach state-of-the-art performances while being more lightweight. We demonstrated that many methods can reach human-level performance on both datasets. SimpleSleepNet achieved an F1 of 89.9% vs 86.8% on average for human scorers on DOD-H, and an F1 of 88.3% vs 84.8% on DOD-O. Our study highlights that state-of-the-art automated sleep staging outperforms human scorers performance for healthy volunteers and patients suffering from OSA. Considerations could be made to use automated approaches in the clinical setting.
Increased nocturnal CO2 concentration during breeze circulation events in a tropical reservoir

The Balbina reservoir (59°28'50'' W, 1°53'25'' S), located near the city of Manaus, AM in central Amazonia, is the second largest hydroelectric reservoir in the Amazon basin. Carbon dioxide concentration measurements were performed at high frequency (10 Hz) at this reservoir with an IRGA Model LiCOR 7500A and meteorological variables were measured with a floating platform with sensors 2 meters above the surface of the lake. Maximum and minimum CO 2 concentrations were observed during the night, related to forest breeze enriched with CO 2 and the respiration or photosynthetic activity of the lake. Due to the dimensions of the lake, both land and lake breezes control the concentration of CO 2 . CO 2 showed a strong correlation with the meteorological variables, temperature (- 0.76) and relative humidity (0.71). However, only the wind direction showed a statistically significant effect at 5% in the cross-correlation. Our results corroborate other studies in this lake and other Amazonian reservoirs.
Memory-Augmented Recurrent Neural Networks Can Learn Generalized Dyck Languages

We introduce three memory-augmented Recurrent Neural Networks (MARNNs) and explore their capabilities on a series of simple language modeling tasks whose solutions require stack-based mechanisms. We provide the first demonstration of neural networks recognizing the generalized Dyck languages, which express the core of what it means to be a language with hierarchical structure. Our memory-augmented architectures are easy to train in an end-to-end fashion and can learn the Dyck languages over as many as six parenthesis-pairs, in addition to two deterministic palindrome languages and the string-reversal transduction task, by emulating pushdown automata. Our experiments highlight the increased modeling capacity of memory-augmented models over simple RNNs, while inflecting our understanding of the limitations of these models.