Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of Primary Human Fibroblasts Exposed to Solar Particle Event Protons

Solar particle events (SPEs) present a major radiation-related risk for manned exploratory missions in deep space. Within a short period the astronauts may absorb doses that engender acute effects, in addition to the risk of late effects, such as the induction of cancer. Using primary human cells, we studied clonogenic survival and the induction of neoplastic transformation after exposure to a worst case scenario SPE. We simulated such an SPE with monoenergetic protons (50, 100, 1000 MeV) delivered at a dose rate of 1.65 cGy min−1 in a dose range from 0 to 3 Gy. For comparison, we exposed the cells to a high dose rate of 33.3 cGy min−1. X rays (100 kVp, 8 mA, 1.7 mm Al filter) were used as a reference radiation. Overall, we observed a significant sparing effect of the SPE dose rate on cell survival. High-dose-rate protons were also more efficient in induction of transformation in the dose range below 30 cGy. However, as dose accumulated at high dose rate, the transformation levels declined, while at the SPE dose rate, the number of transformants continued to increase up to about 1 Gy. These findings suggest that considering dose-rate effects may be important in evaluating the biological effects of exposure to space radiation. Our analyses of the data based on particle fluence showed that lethality and transforming potential per particle clearly increased with increasing linear energy transfer (LET) and thus with the decreasing energy of protons. Further, we found that the biological response was determined not only by LET but also type of radiation, e.g. particles and photons. This suggests that using &ggr; or X rays may not be ideal for assessing risk associated with SPE exposures.
Sustainable supply chain management practices and performance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute significantly to the empirical investigations related to the impact of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices on performance in Chinese firms. The paper also aims to theorize and empirically assess a comprehensive SSCM practices and performance model. The model incorporates two aspects of SSCM practices: internal and external management, and analyses the impact on corporate sustainability performance from all dimensions. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops a conceptual model to investigate the impact of SSCM practices on the firm performance. Based on the data of 172 Chinese firms, this paper analyzes the impact of SSCM practices on firm economic performance, environmental performance, and social performance for each dimension by using PLS structural equation methods. Findings The results show that firm’s internal SSCM practices have a positive impact on firm’s environmental performance and social performance. Moreover, environmental performance and social performance are positively related to economic performance. Originality/value A comprehensive SSCM practices performance model is proposed and empirically assessed for Chinese firms. The results of this investigation support the hypotheses that SSCM practices are environmentally and socially necessary and are favorable for business. A series of approach and implications of SSCM practices is recommended.
Importance of risk communication during and after a nuclear accident

Past nuclear accidents highlight communication as one of the most important challenges in emergency management. In the early phase, communication increases awareness and understanding of protective actions and improves the population response. In the medium and long term, risk communication can facilitate the remediation process and the return to normal life. Mass media play a central role in risk communication. The recent nuclear accident in Japan, as expected, induced massive media coverage. Media were employed to communicate with the public during the contamination phase, and they will play the same important role in the clean‐up and recovery phases. However, media also have to fulfill the economic aspects of publishing or broadcasting, with the “bad news is good news” slogan that is a well‐known phenomenon in journalism. This article addresses the main communication challenges and suggests possible risk communication approaches to adopt in the case of a nuclear accident. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:388–392. © 2011 SETAC
Identity-Based Ring Signature Schemes for Multiple Domains

In this paper, the downlink resource allocation of OFDMA system with decode-and-forward (DF) relaying is investigated. A non-convex optimization problem maximizing system throughput with users’ satisfaction constraints is formulated with joint relay selection, subcarrier assignment and power allocation. We first transform it to a standard convex problem and then solve it by dual decomposition. In particular, an Optimal resource allocation scheme With Time-sharing (OWT) is proposed with combination of relay selection, subcarrier allocation and power control. Due to its poor adaption to the fast-varying environment, an improved version with subcarrier Monopolization (OWM) is put forward, whose performance promotes about 20% compared with that of OWT in the fast-varying vehicular environment. In fact, OWM is the special case of OWT with binary time-sharing factor and OWT can be seen as the tight upper bound of the OWM. To the best of our knowledge, such algorithms and their relation have not been accurately investigated in cooperative OFDMA networks in the literature. Simulation results show that both the system throughput and the users’ satisfaction of the proposed algorithms outperform the traditional ones.
Effects of Corporate Diversification: Evidence from the Property Liability Insurance Industry

Using a sample of propertyliability insurers over the period 1995-2004, we develop and test a model that explains performance as a function of line-of-business diversification and other correlates. Our results indicate that undiversified insurers consistently outperform diversified insurers. In terms of accounting performance, we find a diversification penalty of at least 1 percent of return on assets or 2 percent of return on equity. These findings are robust to corrections for potential endogeneity bias, alternative risk measures, alternative diversification measures, and an alternative estimation technique. Using a market-based performance measure (Tobin's Q) we find that the market applies a significant discount to diversified insurers. The existence of a diversification penalty (and diversification discount) provides strong support for the strategic focus hypothesis. We also find that insurance groups underperform unaffiliated insurers and that stock insurers outperform mutuals.
Lopinavir‐Ritonavir: A New Protease Inhibitor

Lopinavir is a new protease inhibitor that is structurally related to ritonavir. It recently was approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a coformulation with ritonavir under the brand name Kaletra. Ritonavir substantially increases lopinavir drug exposure by inhibiting cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 3A4. Based on limited data, lopinavir‐ritonavir demonstrates safety and efficacy in both antiretroviral‐naïve and protease inhibitor‐experienced patients. It has the ability to durably suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA for up to 2 years in antiretroviral‐naïve patients. Compared with nelfinavir, it had superior virologic control at 48 weeks in antiretroviral‐naïve patients. Its side effects include diarrhea, abnormal stools, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and asthenia. A number of patients experienced grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities in liver function tests, cholesterol, and triglycerides while receiving this drug combination. The exact resistance patterns of lopinavir‐ritonavir are unknown, but the Department of Health and Human Services strongly recommends it for the initial treatment of HIV‐infected adults and adolescents.
Comparison of diffusion‐weighted imaging and [123I]IBZM‐SPECT for the differentiation of patients with the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy from those with Parkinson's disease

Both dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) binding single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with [123I]iodobenzamide (IBZM) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) have been shown to contribute to the differential diagnosis of patients with the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA‐P) and Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to compare these two routinely available functional imaging modalities in differentiating patients with MSA‐P from PD. For this purpose, results obtained by DWI and IBZM‐SPECT were intraindividually compared in a cross‐sectional study of 15 MSA‐P and 17 PD patients matched for age and disease duration. The activity ratios of striatal to frontal cortex uptake (S/FC ratio) were used as a semiquantitative measure of the relative density of basal ganglia dopamine receptors labeled by IBZM. Regional apparent diffusion coefficients (rADC) were determined in the striatum. MSA‐P patients had significantly lower S/FC ratios and significantly higher striatal rADCs than both PD patients and healthy volunteers. There were no significant differences in S/FC ratios and striatal rADC between PD patients and healthy volunteers. Sensitivity of IBZM‐SPECT versus DWI for the differentiation of MSA‐P from PD was 80% versus 93%, specificity 71% versus 100%, the predictive accuracy 75% versus 97%, the positive predictive value 71% versus 100%, and the negative predictive value 80% versus 94%. Striatal rADCs had a significant higher overall predictive accuracy than D2R binding with IBZM. In summary, our data suggest that DWI may be more accurate compared to IBZM‐SPECT in the differential diagnosis of MSA‐P versus PD. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Cysteine proteinase 1 (CP1), a cathepsin L‐like enzyme expressed in the Drosophila melanogaster haemocyte cell line mbn‐2

We have isolated cDNA clones encoding the full‐length Drosophila melanogaster cysteine proteinase 1 (CP1). The clones were isolated from the Drosophila melanogaster haemocytic mbn‐2 cell line, where the gene is relatively strongly expressed, giving a transcript of 1.6 kb in size. We present the sequence encoding the full‐length protein, and deduce the genomic organlzation of the gene by comparison to previously published genomic partial sequence data. Immunofluorescence shows that CP1 is localized in small granules, probably lysosomes, in mbn‐2 cells. The data presented suggest a role for cysteine proteinases in immune functions in insects. It is likely to participate in the degradation of internalized material in phagocytic cells.
Self-estimates of blood-alcohol concentration and ability to drive in a population of soldiers.

Drink-driving remains a major problem of public health (Alvarez and Del Rio, 1996). One of the most controversial issues is the choice of legal limit, as the ability to drive can be affected by alcohol levels well below current legal limits (Dunbar et al. , 1987; Howat et al. , 1991; Guppy, 1994). This study addressed the questions of the self-estimation of ability to drive, and its correlation with blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) measured with a breath-ethanol analyser in a population of non-professional male soldiers. In November 1997, at 23:00, during the last evening of a 3-week military course, in Geneva barracks, soldiers were asked to fill in a questionnaire including birth date, CAGE test, self-evaluation of ability to drive, and self-estimation of BAC. All gave informed consent and were instructed that the legal Swiss …
Power, Rate and Hopping Adaptations in Hybrid DS/FH CDMA Communications over Slow Rayleigh Fading Channels

We consider a hybrid direct-sequence frequency-hopped (DS/FH) code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system, where the transmission power, data rate (i.e. spreading gain), and hopping frequency are adapted relative to the channel variations. Instead of random frequency hopping, hopping pattern is adaptively adjusted to obtain the maximum channel gain among available frequency slots. Transmission power and/or data rate are also adapted such that a target transmission quality is maintained. It is shown that the proposed scheme provides a higher average data rate than pure DS/CDMA with power and rate adaptations, subject to the identical bandwidth and average transmission power constraints.
ERK signaling mediates enhanced angiotensin II‐induced rat aortic constriction following chronic intermittent hypoxia

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been recognized as an independent risk factor for systemic hypertension. The study investigated the functional consequences of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on aortic constriction induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) and the possible signaling involving ERK1/2 and contractile proteins such as myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT1) and myosin light chain (MLC). Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into CIH group and normoxia group and exposed to either CIH procedure or air‐air cycles. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2, MYPT1 and MLC was assessed by Western blotting following constrictor studies in the presence or absence of PD98059 (10 &mgr;mol/L). Results CIH‐exposure resulted in more body weight gain and elevated blood pressure, which could be attenuated by pretreatment with PD98059. Endothelium‐removed aortic rings from CIH rats exhibited higher constrictor sensitivity to Ang II (Emax: (138.56±5.78)% versus (98.45±5.31)% of KCl; pD2: 7.98±0.14 versus 8.14±0.05, respectively). CIH procedure exerted complex effects on ERK expressions (total ERK1/2 decreased whereas the ratio of phosphorylated to total ERK1/2 increased). CIH aortas had higher MLCK mRNA and basal phosphorylation of MYPT1 and MLC. In parallel to greater increases in phosphorylation of ERK1/2, MYPT1 and MLC, Ang II‐induced aortic constriction was significantly enhanced in CIH rats, which was largely reversed by PD98059. However vascular constriction of normoxia rats remained unchanged despite similar but smaller changing tendency of proteins phosphorylation. Conclusion These data suggest that CIH exposure results in aortic hyperresponsiveness to Ang II, presumably owing to more activated ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Real Time in Vivo Measures of l‐Glutamate in the Rat Central Nervous System Using Ceramic‐Based Multisite Microelectrode Arrays

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Analysis

In this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Nakamura and Balo report on accuracy and efficacy of the Dexcom G4 Platinum Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. The authors demonstrate good overall performance of this real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) system, although accuracy data of the next generation RT-CGM system, the G4AP, is already available. Also, now that MARDs seem to move to single-digit numbers, the question comes up how low we need to go with accuracy. Results of the study also showed a reduction in time spent in hypoglycemia, although the clinical relevance should be questioned. To date, few trials have demonstrated a reduction of severe hypoglycemia. Conventional RT-CGM, without threshold suspension or closing the loop, might be insufficient in preventing severe hypoglycemia.
Biallelic variants in LARS2 and KARS cause deafness and (ovario)leukodystrophy

Objective: To determine the incidence rates of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in different epilepsy populations and address the question of whether risk factors for SUDEP have been identified. Methods: Systematic review of evidence; modified Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation process for developing conclusions; recommendations developed by consensus. Results: Findings for incidence rates based on 12 Class I studies include the following: SUDEP risk in children with epilepsy (aged 0–17 years) is 0.22/1,000 patient-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16–0.31) (moderate confidence in evidence). SUDEP risk increases in adults to 1.2/1,000 patient-years (95% CI 0.64–2.32) (low confidence in evidence). The major risk factor for SUDEP is the occurrence of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS); the SUDEP risk increases in association with increasing frequency of GTCS occurrence (high confidence in evidence). Recommendations: Level B: Clinicians caring for young children with epilepsy should inform parents/guardians that in 1 year, SUDEP typically affects 1 in 4,500 children; therefore, 4,499 of 4,500 children will not be affected. Clinicians should inform adult patients with epilepsy that SUDEP typically affects 1 in 1,000 adults with epilepsy per year; therefore, annually 999 of 1,000 adults will not be affected. For persons with epilepsy who continue to experience GTCS, clinicians should continue to actively manage epilepsy therapies to reduce seizures and SUDEP risk while incorporating patient preferences and weighing the risks and benefits of any new approach. Clinicians should inform persons with epilepsy that seizure freedom, particularly freedom from GTCS, is strongly associated with decreased SUDEP risk.
Sentidos e significados do trabalho: explorando conceitos, variáveis e estudos empíricos brasileiros

This paper presents a brief review of the literature on the senses and meanings that workers attribute to work, and it identifies theoretical perspectives that differentiate between 'sense' and 'meaning', as opposed to others that treat both terms as referring to the same phenomenon. The analysis indicates that this theme is as yet little explored in Brazil, and that the majority of studies are based on investigations developed by the Meaning of Work International Research Team ([MOW], 1987) and, more recently, by Morin (2001). The variables adopted by Brazilian studies of this phenomenon, predominantly derived from MOW works, are the centrality of work, the social norms of work, and the valued results of work. The results indicate the relevance of a multidisciplinary approach to the comprehension of how subjects attribute senses and meanings to work, since these are multidimensional and dynamic psychological constructs resulting from the interaction between personal variables and work related environments.
Ofuji ’ s Disease : A Review of 34 Patients in 10 Years

Ofuji’s disease is clinically characterized by chronic and recurrent annular clusters of sterile follicular papules and pustules superimposed on plaques with central clearing and peripheral extension. Indomethacin is considered to be a first choice of treatment, but the pathogenesis of this disease is still obscure. Although most cases of Ofuji’s disease have been reported in Japanese people, it is not rare in Taiwan according to our clinical experience. In this study, we reviewed 34 patients with biopsy-proven Ofuji’s disease who came to our clinic over the past decade. Extrafacial involvement was noted in 15 of 34 patients (44%), and 7 had palmoplantar lesions. We emphasize on the features of extra-facial involvement, especially the palmoplantar lesions, because it may lead to clinical and pathological confusion in diagnosing the disease. We also found indomethacin seemed to have a higher effective rate (89%) as compared to other treatments in our cases. (Dermatol Sinica 26: 65-74, 2008)
Diagnosis of Major Bacterial Causes of Culture Negative Meningitis in Children = تشخيص الأسباب الرئيسية البكتيرية السلبية المزرعة للتهاب السحائي في الأطفال

The study included 250 patients admitted to fever hospitals in Egypt with suspected clinical signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis, their age ranged from six months up to eleven years. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples isolated from patients were transported to the central health laboratories for confirmation of diagnosis. Physical, cytological, chemical examination for glucose and total protein concentration. Gram stained smear, culture on blood and chocolate agar were done. 62 (24.8%) CSF samples were culture negative and no bacterial organisms could be detected by direct gram stain. All these samples were further examined by latex agglutination and RT-PCR. Samples which found to be culture positive were excluded from this study. 15 samples of them (24.2%) were positive by RT-PCR.7 of them (46.6%) were Heamophilus influenza b (H. influenza b) and 8 samples of them (53.3%) were Streptcoccus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae). Out of 15 RT-PCR positive samples 12 of them (80%) were Latex positive, while 3 of them (20%) were Latex negative, one of the three was S. pneumoniae, while the others were H. influenza b by RT-PCR only. Out of 62 culture negative CSF samples 47 (75.8%) had a history of previous antibiotic use. 11samples of them (23.4%) were positive by latex agglutination (5 samples were H. influenza b and 6 samples were S. pneumoniae) and 3 samples of them (6.3%) were positive by RT-PCR and negative by latex agglutination. Out of 15 RT-PCR positive samples, 8 of them were clear (53.3%), 3 of them were turbid (20%), and 4 of them were bloody (26.6%). 10 CSF samples out of the 15 samples (66.6%) had normal cytological profile, 6 samples (40%) had normal CSF glucose levels and 3 samples (20%) had normal total CSF protein concentration.
Adsorption of 4-nitrophenol on palm oil fuel ash activated by amino silane coupling agent

Abstract Adsorption of 4-nitrophenol on palm oil fuel ash activated by amino silane coupling agent was investigated. Experiments were carried out at 30°C as function of contact time, initial concentration (2500–4500 mgl−1) and pH (1–7.4). The equilibrium adsorption data of 4-nitrophenol on activated palm ash were analyzed by Langmuir Freundlich and Temkin models. The results indicated that the Langmuir model provides the best correlation of the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity of the activated palm oil fuel ash was determined with the Langmuir equation and found to be 1000 mg g−1 adsorbent at 30oC. Adsorption kinetics data were modeled using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion equations. It was shown that pseudo-second-order kinetic equation could best describe the adsorption kinetics. The results obtained in this work indicate that activated palm oil fuel ash is suitable as adsorbent material for adsorption of 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions.