Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral analysis of Botrytis cinerea infected lettuce

Botrytis cinerea can affect any part of lettuce causing extensive damage and huge loss in production worldwide. Therefore, there is a high need to investigate such pathogen characteristics based on hyperspectral analysis and to evaluate spectral features for the identification and discrimination of B. cinerea at isolate level. Spectral reflectance patterns of different isolates of B. cinerea were carried out indoor and compared with that of molecular ones. Moreover, spectral patterns and statistical features extracted from the significant wavelengths were used in the classification of isolates. No correlation was found among pathological, molecular and spectral characteristics. Molecular patterns showed that 50% of tested isolates were transposa type which was not related to specific spectral pattern. Hyperspectral analyses showed a clear difference in the pattern trend between B. cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum, used as a control. Furthermore, a slight differencebetween spectral patterns was observed among some B. cinerea isolates at VNIR spectral range leading to their classification into groups depending on their similarity. The classification map of hyperspectral data showed that the Euclidean distance (ED) has better performance and more robust application than other spectral dissimilarity measures. While, the spectral information divergence (SID) could be considered the worst discrimination measure of isolates. Accordingly, distance matrix analysis confirmed the dissimilarity degrees among different groups of B. cinerea isolates depending on their hyperspectral patterns. In view of the above results, ED parameter was the best spectral similarity measure, used to discriminate hyperspectral data of B. cinerea isolates.
Does the knowledge of a natural sign language facilitate deaf children's learning to read and write?: insights from French sign language and written French data

This chapter concerns the relationship between French Sign Language (LSF) and written French skills developed by Deaf children. Previous studies showed positive correlations between ASL and written English skills, with little analysis of the processes involved. In the investigation presented here, thirty-nine bilingual Deaf children, aged from 8 to 17, from the French-speaking/signing part of Switzerland, were studied. Their comprehension and production skills were tested at the morphosyntactic and narrative levels. Results show positive correlations between the skills developed in written French and LSF. These data provide new evidence that early mastery of a natural sign language facilitates the acquisition of a written language. In addition, sign language narrative and comprehension skills appear to play an important role in this relationship.
Bach2 is a potent repressor of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzyme expression in dopaminergic neurons

Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional activator of antioxidant response elements (ARE), which function to increase expression of antioxidant enzymes. Recent works suggests Nrf2 activation is a promising protective mechanism against the progressive neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). While Nrf2 inducers show some promising results in animal models of PD, the response is limit in dopaminergic neurons with the protection mostly conferred by surrounding glia. The present study characterizes ARE transcriptional repressors Bach1 and Bach 2 (Broad complex– Tramtrack–Bric-a-brac and Cap n’ Collar homology, basic leucine zipper transcription factors 1 and 2) as a potential explanation for limited Nrf2 activity in these neurons. The current work identified Bach1 and Bach2 in dopaminergic neurons of the human substantia nigra by immunocytochemical analyses. We further identified Bach2 as a more robust inhibitor of Nrf2 responses. The effects of both Bach1 and Bach2 were dependent on their DNA-binding domains, but the DNA-binding domains did not entirely explain the differences in their relative repressor activities. Using IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells, we found differentiation into a dopaminergic neuronal phenotype resulted in increased Bach2 expression, decreased full-length Bach1 expression, increased truncated Bach1, and blunted Nrf2-mediated responses. Bach inhibitors cobalt protoporphyrin or cadmium chloride, which were more effective against Bach1 than Bach2, did not rescue Nrf2 responses. These results provide a novel mechanism for the lack of antioxidant responses and sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons to oxidative damage, in addition to proposing Bach2 as a novel drug target for the treatment of PD. Significance Oxidative stress and damage are unifying contributors to explain the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although increased transcription of antioxidant enzymes by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) shows potential in combating oxidative damage, Nrf2 protection is mostly conferred by surrounding glia with a relative inability of neurons to mount a protective response. This work characterizes transcriptional repressors Bach1 and Bach2 that inhibit Nrf2 responses and prevent antioxidant enzyme production. This study supports Bach2 as a major factor in preventing antioxidant production in neurons and as a novel drug target to protect against PD.
Forest restoration on floodplains mantled with legacy sediments: removing sediments appears unnecessary for successful restoration

Recent studies suggest very low survival of seedlings planted in streamside areas containing thick (>1 m) deposits of legacy alluvial sediments. We planted 2,450 seedlings representing eight species in a streamside area with thick legacy sediments and monitored them for 5 years. The overall survival of approximately 60% (range across species: approximately 38–74%) was surprisingly high and mean overall growth per seedling (approximately 3.27 m) was very good, ranging between 2.5 and 4.7 m depending on tree species. Although both seedling survival and growth exhibited significant spatial variation, none of the results supports the idea that legacy sediment thickness up to 1.5 m is an important factor with regard to success of streamside reforestation. For survival, soil depth was significant for the sediment accretion zone but not the legacy sediment zone. For growth, the response was significant and positive, with the eight species on average growing significantly better as legacy sediment increased in thickness. The results suggest that the presence of legacy sediment up to 1.5 m thick should not preclude the successful restoration of natural forest along stream channels in the eastern Piedmont of North America. Finally, the study suggests that the U.S. federal criteria for reforestation success (i.e. 222 stems per hectare after 5 years) can still be met on legacy sediment sites by increasing the planting density approximately 25% from the required minimum of 296 stems per hectare to 370.
Conserved growth rate and age structure of Xenopus laevis in the edge and core of an expanding population

Invasive species represent a unique opportunity to study the evolutionary mechanisms driving range expansions. Although range expansion is expected to be associated with increased reproduction and dispersal at the range edge, Xenopus laevis seems to decrease its reproductive investment and to enhance dispersal at the range edge. Evidence of increased dispersal at the edge of expanding populations occurring simultaneously with a faster growth rate has been reported for other organisms. Here, we focused on the growth rate and age structure at the range edge vs. the range core in an expanding population of X. laevis. We used skeletochronology to characterize the age of 250 individuals captured at the range core and edge of this expanding population. Using the Von Bertalanffy equation, we then compared individual growth rates between locations. We found no significant changes in growth rate or age structure between edge and core samples. This result suggests that the reduced investment in reproduction recorded in another study at the range edge might compensate for the increased dispersal without impacting growth in this population. This implies that the resource allocation in an expanding population might thus be more diverse than commonly assumed.
Captive rearing of Papilio polymnestor and Chilasa clytia butterflies in the campus of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh

Captive rearing of Papilio polymnestor (Blue mormon) and Chilasa clytia (Common mime) were carried out in the campus of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh during March 2016 to October 2016. The Citrus limon and Citrus maxima were used as larval host plants for P. polymnestor, while the Litsea glutinosa was used as larval host plant for C. clytia. The egg was laid singly by P. polymnestor on the underside of leaves of the host plant, whereas C. clytia was preferred to lay egg singly on the bottom of the tender leaves. The duration of different developmental stages (egg, larva and pupa) of these two butterfly species were recorded. P. polymnestor and C. clytia took 36.4±0.22 and 31.6±0.22 days respectively to develop from egg to adult. The average temperature and relative humidity during the rearing period were 33°C±1.04 and 81±1.21%. Captive rearing may be a part of the revival program for many threatened species; therefore, this study may be helpful in the process of conservation of endangered butterflies and in developing ecotourism industry in Bangladesh.
Mean platelet volume in anxiety disorder: a case-control study

Department of Psychiatry, The Oxford Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Department of Biochemistry, The Oxford Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Department of Pathology, The Oxford Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Department of Biochemistry, The Oxford Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Acute toxicity of gossypol in northern bobwhites

ABSTRACT Gossypol, a secondary metabolite found in cotton (Gossypium spp.), is known to be toxic to a variety of animals, particularly monogastric mammals and commercial poultry (Gallus domesticus). Gossypol toxicosis in poultry include reduced weight, decreased egg production, and egg yolk discolouration. However, there is limited published data regarding gossypol toxicity in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus), which may encounter cottonseed products in the environment and subsequently ingest gossypol. We determined the oral LD50 of gossypol in northern bobwhites following the Environmental Protection Agency’s OCSPP 850.2100 Guideline: Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test. Through a range-finding test, we estimated that the LD50 was between 200 and 1,000 mg/kg body weight (BW). Following the range-finding test, we administered a single oral dose of refined gossypol to quail at 262, 342, 447, 585, and 765 mg/kg BW. We observed quail daily for mortality and any signs of intoxication throughout a 14-day observation period. We performed gross necropsies and had histopathology done on select organ tissues from experimental animals. Using the probit analysis, we determined that the oral LD50 of gossypol in northern bobwhites is 651 mg/kg BW (95% CI 579–731). Hepatocellular pigment accumulation and pancreatic necrosis were important lesions interpreted as evidence of gossypol toxicity.
The case of (per) addietro in Old Florentine. When before was (apparently) based on back

The aim of this paper is to describe what prima facie seems to be a typological rarum in Old Florentine (i.e. Old Italian). Specifically, we address here the morphosyntax of the temporal adverbial (per) addietro (lit. for at-back), which was commonly used in Old Florentine texts to encode a meaning roughly corresponding to [BEFORE]. Thus, it seems to go against the accepted generalization that spatial relations of front and back regularly express, respectively, anteriority and posteriority across languages when they are ‘shifted’ from space to time (Haspelmath, 1997). We will provide a simple morphosyntactic explanation of the seemingly ‘exceptionality’ of (per) addietro based on a finer-grained representation of temporal expressions and a locality constraint on hierarchical structure triggering kinda-suppletive patterns (Bobaljik, 2012; Moskal, 2013).
Indução de calos em anteras de Coffea arabica em função dos reguladores de crescimento 2,4-D e TDZ.

Por se tratar de cultura perene propagada via semente, os programas de melhoramento do cafeeiro Coffea arabica demandam aproximadamente 25 anos desde a hibridacao ate a obtencao de uma nova variedade. Sendo assim, a cultura de anteras e considerada uma ferramenta importante, uma vez que pode auxiliar no melhoramento da cultura, pois permite a obtencao de haploides em geracoes segregantes, o que leva a rapida producao de plantas homozigoticas atraves da duplicacao do numero de cromossomos numa unica etapa, substituindo as geracoes de autofecundacao. Alem dos haploides serem livres dos problemas de dominância e recessividade, por possuir apenas um alelo em cada loco genico, acelerando drasticamente o processo de obtencao de novas cultivares (Andrade, 1998). No Brasil, o C. arabica apresenta poucos progressos com relacao a aplicacao da cultura de anteras. Com isso objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar, em diferentes epocas, o efeito dos reguladores de crescimento 2,4–D e TDZ na inducao de calos em anteras de Coffea arabica.
Monocarboxylate transporter 1 in Schwann cells is critical for maintenance of sensory nerve myelination during aging

Schwann cell (SC)-specific monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) knockout mice were generated by mating MCT1f/f mice with myelin protein zero (P0)-Cre mice. P0-Cre+/-, MCT1f/f mice have no detectable early developmental defects, but develop hypomyelination and reduced conduction velocity in sensory, but not motor, peripheral nerves during maturation and aging. Furthermore, enlarged node length and reduced mechanical sensitivity were evident in aged P0-Cre+/-, MCT1f/f mice. MCT1 deletion in SCs impairs both their glycolytic and mitochondrial functions, leading to altered lipid metabolism of triacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, and sphingomyelin, decreased expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and increased expression of c-Jun and p75-neurotrophin receptor, suggesting a regression of SCs to a less mature developmental state. Taken together, our results define the essential role of SC MCT1 in both SC metabolism and peripheral nerve maturation and aging. Main Points SC MCT1 deficiency causes hypomyelination of sensory, but not motor, axons during aging Enlarged node length of sensory axons is evident in mutant mouse with SC-specific MCT1 deletion Selective ablation of MCT1 within SCs impairs glycolytic and mitochondrial functions SC-specific MCT1 deficiency impairs proteins that regulate myelin and lipid metabolism in peripheral nerves
The Concept Of Development An Issue In The Study Of Human Behavior

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The Effect of Pakoasi (Chromolaena odorata L.) Leaf Extract in Curing Open Wound of Rabbit Skin (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

: Pakoasi ( Chromolaena odorata . L) is a weed that is often used in treating wounds, but its effectiveness has not been widely studied. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of Pakoasi leaf extract on open wound healing process in rabbit. Twenty healthy male rabbits were wounded with diameter of 2 cm under local anaesthesia, and were divided into four groups: G0 (placebo), G1 (treated with 10% extract), G2 (treated with 20% extract) and G3 (positive control). Macroscopic and microscopic observations were carried out, and the obtained data were analysed using analysis of variance. The macroscopic results showed that on day 4, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) of wound diameter among groups, with G1 showing the shortest wound diameter (1.78 ± 0.08cm). Seventeen days after treatment, the wound diameter (cm) in G1, G2, G3 and G0 were 0 ± 0; 0.08 ± 0.04; 0.17 ± 0.06 and 0.35 ± 0.08, respectively. The complete healing process of open wound occurred as fast as 16 days after treatment in G1 based on macroscopic and microscopic observation. This study concluded that ointment containing 10% o f p a k o a s i extract is effective for curing open wound.
Epidemiological characteristics of deceased of Influenza A in a tertiary care hospital at Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

Background: Inﬂuenza A (H1N1) is a novel strain of the Inﬂuenza virus and is widely known as Swine Flu. It causes a respiratory illness and is very contagious. Symptoms of Inﬂuenza A (H1N1) are similar to those of the seasonal flu. First laboratory confirmed Influenza A (H1N1) case of India was reported from Hyderabad on 16th May 2009.Methods: The study was retrospective descriptive, record-based study and carried in deceased of Influenza A (H1N1) who were admitted in Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2018.Results: A total 1524 suspected cases were screened for Influenza A (H1N1) at JLN Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer during the period from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018. 294 cases were diagnosed as Influenza A (H1N1) positive and 44 died. Majority 25 (56.81%) were belonged to rural area and 30 (68.18%) females died as compare to 14 (31.18%) male.Conclusions: Incidence and mortality is common throughout the year but it more in winter months. Mortality is high in age group of 50 years and above, females and rural area. IEC activities should be throughout year.
Physiological and pathophysiological homeostasis of astroglial channel proteins by Nedd4-2

Nedd4-2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, missense mutation of which is related to familial epilepsy, indicating its critical role in regulating neuronal network activity. However, Nedd4-2 substrates involved in neuronal network function have yet to be identified. Using mouse lines lacking Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2, we identified astrocytic channel proteins inwardly rectifying K+ channel 4.1 (Kir4.1) and Connexin43 as Nedd4-2 substrates. We found that the expression of Kir4.1 and Connexin43 is increased upon conditional deletion of Nedd4-2 in astrocytes, leading to an elevation of astrocytic membrane ion permeability and gap junction activity, with a consequent reduction of γ-oscillatory neuronal network activity. Interestingly, our biochemical data demonstrate that missense mutations found in familial epileptic patients produce gain-of-function of Nedd4-2 gene product. Our data reveal a process of coordinated astrocytic ion channel proteostasis that controls astrocyte function and astrocyte-dependent neuronal network activity, and elucidate a potential mechanism by which aberrant Nedd4-2 function leads to epilepsy. CONDENSED TITLE Ubiquitination of Astrocytic Channels by Nedd4-2 SUMMARY Ubiquitination is a key regulatory machinery for protein expression. Our present work provides evidence that astrocytic ion channel proteostasis coordinated by an E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 is of particular importance for the maintenance of neuronal network activity.
The anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL suppress Beclin1/Atg6-mediated lethal autophagy in polyploid cells

Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase is a synthetic lethal therapy for tumors that overexpress the MYC oncoprotein. It is currently unclear whether co-occurring oncogenic alterations might influence this synthetic lethality by confering more or less potency in the killing of tumor cells. To identify such modifers, we utilized isogenic cell lines to test a variety of cancer genes that have been previously demonstrated to promote survival under conditions of cellular stress, contribute to chemoresistance and/or suppress MYC-primed apoposis. We found that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, two antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, can partially suppress the synthetic lethality, but not multinucleation, elicited by a panaurora kinase inhibitor, VX-680. We demonstrate that this suppression stems from the rescue of autophagic cell death, specifically of multinucleated cells, rather than a general inhibition of apoptosis. Bcl-2 inhibits VX-680-induced death of polyploid cells by interacting with the autophagy protein Beclin1/Atg6 and rescue requires localization of Bcl-2 to the endoplasmic reticulum. These findings expand on previous conclusions that autophagic death of polyploid cells is mediated by Atg6. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL negatively modulate MYC-VX-680 synthetic lethality and it is the anti-autophagic activity of these two Bcl-2 family proteins, specifically in multinucleate cells, that contributes to resistance to Aurora kinase-targeting drugs.
Production and quality of lettuce seed as a function of seedling age

ABSTRACT Age of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings can affect plant development after transplanting where older seedlings can delay development of plants after transplanting and lengthen the crop cycle. For seed production, when the cycle is longer, it is not known if this effect continues until full maturity. The experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of seedling age on production and quality of lettuce, cv. Verônica, seed. Seedlings aged 28, 33, 38, 43 or 48 days after sowing were established in a plastic-covered high tunnel. At transplanting, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight were evaluated, and at the end of cycle, fruit maturity production and quality (germination and vigor) of seeds were evaluated. The older the seedlings, the greater the number of leaves and plant fresh and dry weights. Seedling age did not influence seed production (avg. 27.1 g and 25,291 seeds per plant) and quality (germination and emergence 84% and 92%, respectively) of lettuce seed. Based on results producers can choose the seedling age that most fits with their comfort levels and economic expenditure.
Cryopreservation induces capacitation-like changes of the swamp buffalo spermatozoa

A total of forty ejaculates were collected from eight buffalo bulls by artificial vagina method. Each ejaculate was splitted into two parts, one part was used for in vitro capacitation by TALP medium, and the rest was frozen in Tris-egg yolkcitrate-glycerol extender. The results revealed that the live acrosome reacted and total acrosome reacted frozen thawed spermatozoa differed significantly (P<0.01) from in vitro capacitated spermatozoa at different hours of incubation. The incidence of hyperactivated motility, total HOSTreacted spermatozoa, sperm membrane protein and cholesterol level of frozen thawed spermatozoa also differed significantly (P<0.01) from in vitro capacitated spermatozoa during different hours of incubation except at 0 h for hyperactivated motility, 6 h for total HOST-reacted spermatozoa, 1 h for sperm membrane protein level and at 2 h for cholesterol level. The study suggests that cryopreservation induces capacitation-like changes of the swamp buffalo spermatozoa in respect of acrosomal status, plasma membrane integrity, membrane protein and cholesterol levels.