Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Effects of Forced Sex on Sexually Transmitted Disease Acquisition and Sexually Transmitted Disease Care: Findings From the National Survey of Family Growth (2011–2013)

Background Although there is evidence for heightened sexually transmitted disease (STD) acquisition among women who experienced sexual violence, little is known about their patterns of STD testing, STD diagnosis, and STD treatment. Methods Data was drawn from cycle eight of the National Survey of Family Growth (2011–2013). Logistic regression analyses used SUDAAN to examine the link between forced sex and risky sexual behavior as well as forced sex and STD testing, diagnoses, treatment, and connection to care. Results Women who experienced forced sex were more likely to have risky sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–2.24), risky partners (AOR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.11–3.23), and report substance abuse (AOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.28–2.53) than women who never experienced forced sex. Women who reported forced sex were more likely to be tested for an STD (AOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.34–2.09), and be diagnosed with herpes (AOR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.13–3.32), genital warts (AOR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.90–3.41), and chlamydia (AOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.03–3.25) than those who have never had forced sex. Results indicated a direct relationship between particular STD diagnoses and treatment in the past 12 months (AOR, 6.81; 95% CI, 4.50–10.31). Further analyses indicate that forced sex moderated the link between STD diagnoses and STD treatment (AOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19–0.98). Conclusions Results indicate that women who reported experiencing forced sex were more likely to be diagnosed with chlamydia, herpes, and genital warts than women who never had forced sex. There may be a need to pay particular attention to women who experienced forced sex and a history of STDs to ensure that they are retained in care.
Facts and Myths about Suicide: A Study of Jewish and Arab Students in Israel

This research investigates the knowledge and myths regarding suicide among students in Israel, and examines whether they are affected by ethnic origin, gender, and religiosity. A random sample of 450 undergraduate students from two colleges was asked to fill out the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ). Knowledge was measured by five SOQ items (α = 0.57) and myths of suicide by 20 SOQ items (α = 0.67). The level of Israeli students' knowledge about suicide is generally good (X̅X = 3.21; SD = 0.58). There are significant differences, however, between the Jewish (n = 266) and Arab (n = 154) students in knowledge about basic facts of suicide in Israel [(X̅XArabs = 3.04; X̅XJews = 3.32; t (419 0.95) = 4.63, p < . 001)]. Although both groups share the same educational milieu, the Arab students tend more to believe that suicide rates are higher in Israel, and even more so among people of Asian African origin and minorities. They also perceive suicide by shooting to be the most popular suicide method. There are also significant differences between those groups with respect to their belief in suicide myths [(X̅Arabs = 2.91; SD = 0.40; X̅Jews = 3.17, SD = 0.41; t (419, 0.95) = 6.31, p < 0.01)]. Arabs tend more to relate suicide to lower religious affiliation, mental illness and chronic tendency, and to believe that the victim's relatives know nothing about the coming suicide. No significant differences were found based on religiosity or gender. Discussion focuses on the influence of the different cultural characteristics of lifestyle and the social control systems among Jews and Arabs in Israel on perceptions toward suicide.
Reconstitution of Human Excision Nuclease with Recombinant XPF-ERCC1 Complex*

The human XPF-ERCC1 protein complex is one of several factors known to be required for general nucleotide excision repair. Genetic data indicate that both proteins of this complex are necessary for the repair of interstrand cross-links, perhaps via recombination. To determine whether XPF-ERCC1 completes a set of six proteins that are sufficient to carry out excision repair, the human XPF and ERCC1 cDNAs were coexpressed in Sf21 insect cells from a baculovirus vector. The purified complex contained the anticipated 5′ junction-specific endonuclease activity that is stimulated through a direct interaction between XPF and replication protein A (RPA). The recombinant complex also complemented extracts of XP-F cells and Chinese hamster ovary mutants assigned to complementation groups 1, 4, and 11. Furthermore, reconstitution of the human excision nuclease was observed with a mixture of five repair factors (XPA, XPC, XPG, TFIIH, and RPA) and the recombinant XPF-ERCC1, thus verifying that no additional protein factors are needed for the specific dual incisions characteristic of human excision repair.
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF ENCAPSULATION IN BIOMPHALARIA GLABRATA *

Most reviews of molluscan immunobiology and pathobiology have concluded that the primary internal defense mechanism, elaborated by gastropod mollusks against metazoan endoparasites, involves the encapsulation of the invasive organism by host cells.l-o The destruction of larval helminths, especially digenetic trematodes that have penetrated refractory strains or species of snails, often accompanies the formation of such host tissue responses. '-ll Similar reactions have also been implicated in the destruction of sporocysts and of cercariae lodged within the tissues of normally susceptible snails.11-14 It has been pointed out, however, that some other helminths, particularly nematodes, may not be destroyed, even when surrounded by extensive host cellular reactions. '* 15 Richards and Merritt l6 have reported that larvae of the metastrongylid nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis, used to experimentally infect Biomphalaria glabrata, provoke extensive host tissue reactions. The nematodes are not destroyed by this host response, and viable third-stage larvae can be recovered from infections of long duration.16 Harris and Cheng lB have suggested that this might be a particularly useful parasite-host system for examining certain aspects of the encapsulation process in mollusks and, as the result of a light microscope study, have reported that encapsulation of A . cantonensis within B. glabrata occurs as a biphasic process. The initial response involves the infiltration and aggregation of basophilic hemolymph cells around the parasite. Subsequently, such cellular aggregations become transformed into more fibrous-appearing nodules. Enzyme histochemistry has been employed to demonstrate a marked localization of acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, alkaline phosphatase, and &glucuronidase activities within these capsules.17 To more clearly elucidate the cellular defense mechanisms of B. glabrata, electron microscope observations, reported herein, have been made on the formation of host encapsulation reactions provoked in this mollusk by infection with larvae of A. cantonensis. Because cells of the hemolymph have been suggested to participate in the formation of these capsules,15 the fine structure of hemocytes of B. glabratu has also been studied.
Assessing the anatomical variations of lingual foramen and its bony canals with CBCT taken from 102 patients in Isfahan

Background: Some studies have been performed on assessing the anatomical variations of lingual foramen and its bony canals, in many different countries but no study has been performed in Iran yet. The purpose of this study is to assess the anatomical variations of lingual foramen and its bony canals with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging in Isfahan. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which CBCT images taken from 102 patients referred to the Radiology Department of Head and Neck in Esfahan (Iran) University between 2010 and 2011. The presence of the lingual foramen and its bony canals, the locations, sizes, and length were assessed. The distances between the terminal end of lingual canal at the buccal and lingual side from the inferior border of the mandible and alveolar crest were measured. We also evaluated the effect of patient age and gender on the dimensional measurements of the anatomical landmark mentioned above t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and pearson's correlation were used for statistical analysis and P value lower than 0.05 was considered significant. Result: All of the CBCT images taken showed the presence of lingual foramen. Of all the participants, 52% of them had two foramens in their images. The mean diameters of the upper and lower lingual foramen were 1.12 and 0.9 mm, respectively. Conclusion: These anatomical landmarks in Isfahan population vary from previous studies. All of the images had at least one lingual foramen which demonstrates high prevalence of this anatomy among Isfehanian population. Therefore, it is recommended to use CBCT imaging for preoperative evaluation prior to installing dental implants.
Dynamic properties of a dirt and a synthetic equine racetrack surface measured by a track-testing device.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Racetrack surface is a risk factor for Thoroughbred racehorse injury and death that can be engineered and managed. To investigate the relationship between surface and injury, the mechanical behaviour of dirt and synthetic track surfaces must be quantified. OBJECTIVES To compare dynamic properties of a dirt and a synthetic surface in situ using a track-testing device designed to simulate equine hoof impact; and to determine the effects of impact velocity, impact angle and repeated impact on dynamic surface behaviour. METHODS A track-testing device measured force and displacement during impact into a dirt and a synthetic surface at 3 impact velocities (1.91, 2.30, 2.63 m/s), 2 impact angles (0°, 20° from vertical), and 2 consecutive impacts (initial, repeat). Surfaces were measured at 3 locations/day for 3 days. The effects of surface type, impact velocity, impact angle and impact number on dynamic surface properties were assessed using analysis of variance. RESULTS Synthetic surface maximum forces, load rates and stiffnesses were 37-67% of dirt surface values. Surfaces were less stiff with lower impact velocities, angled impacts and initial impacts. The magnitude of differences between dirt and synthetic surfaces increased for repeat impacts and higher impact velocities. CONCLUSIONS The synthetic surface was generally softer than the dirt surface. Greatly increased hardness for repeat impacts corroborates the importance of maintenance. Results at different impact velocities suggest that surface differences will persist at higher impact velocities. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE For both surfaces it is clearly important to prevent horse exposure to precompacted surfaces, particularly during high-speed training when the surface has already been trampled. These data should be useful in coordinating racetrack surface management with racehorse training to prevent injuries.
Initial Supervised Refractive Surgical Experience : Outcome of PRK and LASIK

Aim of this paper is to compare the visual outcome in supervised PRK and LASIK surgery. Materials and methods used are Retrospective review of cases performed with Technolas 217 Z platform between July 1, 2009 and June 30, 2010. Inclusion criteria were spherical equivalent of -0.50 to -09.50 diopters (D), refractive mean astigmatic error of -3.00 D, intention to provide full distance correction, and minimum 3-month postoperative follow-up after initial ablation RESULTS: A total of 114 cases performed by 3 different surgeons met the inclusion criteria; 55 eyes underwent PRK and 59 eyes had LASIK. After initial treatment, mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) at 3 months after PRK was log MAR 0.032(0.097) and after LASIK was 0.017(0.06). PRK was associated with a significantly better approximation between preoperative Best corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative UDVA (log MAR 0.002 vs. 0.0322; P=0.005). Percentage of eyes that achieved UDVA of 20/20 or better was (89% vs. 92.3%). There were no statistically significant differences between PRK and LASIK cases with respect to complication rates. The mean surgical time taken was 10.15 minutes for LASIK and 11.12 minutes for PRK (P=0.089). In this paper, Supervised PRK was associated with equal visual outcome and surgical time as compared to LASIK.
Comment on “Peak flow responses to clear‐cutting and roads in small and large basins, Western Cascades, Oregon: A second opinion” by R. B. Thomas and W. F. Megahan

Thomas and Megahan [1998] provide a thoughtful reanalysis of our earlier paper [Jones and Grant, 1996]. Thomas and Megahan [1998] (hereinafter referred to as TM we see no reason to expect the biggest storms to behave differently from the rest of the population” (p. 972). We believe TM these decisions may tip the balance between findings of “significance” or “nonsignificance” in statistical analyses of a single data set. In this comment we examine the objectives and conceptual approaches of the two studies and differences and similarities in statistical approaches, findings, and interpretation of findings.
Identification of newly recognized serotype 1c as the most prevalent Shigella flexneri serotype in northern rural Vietnam

SUMMARY We investigated the identity of 37 Shigella flexneri strains that had previously been isolated from northern rural Vietnam (Son Tay Province) and described as untypable. Twenty-four isolates reacted with MASF 1c, a monoclonal antibody specific for S. flexneri serotype 1c. A further ten untypable isolates were found to be rough mutants (no longer expressing O-antigen) that were derived from serotype 1c strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that these strains consisted of many different clones, indicating serotype 1c was well established in this region in the late 1990s. Serotype 1c was the most prevalent S. flexneri serotype isolated in the Son Tay Province, accounting for about 40% of S. flexneri isolates. Subsequent isolation of S. flexneri serotype 1c in this region and elsewhere in Vietnam confirmed that serotype 1c is of genuine importance in Vietnam.
An experimental study of the parallel and oblique vortex shedding from circular cylinders

An experimental study of the origin of oblique vortex shedding in the laminar wake of circular cylinders was conducted in the range of Reynolds numbers from 40 to 160. Two transverse circular cylinders were positioned upstream of the main shedding cylinder to control the angle of shedding from the main cylinder. The respective distances between each transverse cylinder and the main cylinder were used to induce oblique shedding of different angles, curved shedding, as well as parallel shedding. Measurements of the mean static pressure distribution in the base region of the cylinder and of the mean spanwise component of the velocity in the wake were taken. These measurements revealed that a non-symmetric pressure distribution, which induced a spanwise flow in the base region of the cylinder, was responsible for the oblique shedding. By using a simple model based on the ratio of the streamwise to the spanwise vorticity components, the angle of shedding was predicted within 2° of the value measured from flow visualization. The vorticity was simply evaluated from the spanwise and streamwise velocity profiles of oblique vortex streets obtained with the LDV measurement technique. Parallel vortex shedding showed a symmetric pressure distribution with zero spanwise component of the velocity and zero cross-shear in the cylinder base. It was shown that parallel vortex shedding results in a continuous Strouhal–Reynolds number curve.
What Comes First, Job Burnout or Secondary Traumatic Stress? Findings from Two Longitudinal Studies from the U.S. and Poland

This longitudinal research examined the directions of the relationships between job burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) among human services workers. In particular, using cross-lagged panel design, we investigated whether job burnout predicts STS at 6-month follow up or whether the level of STS symptoms explains job burnout at 6-month follow-up. Participants in Study 1 were behavioral or mental healthcare providers (N = 135) working with U.S. military personnel suffering from trauma. Participants in Study 2 were healthcare providers, social workers, and other human services professions (N = 194) providing various types of services for civilian trauma survivors in Poland. The cross-lagged analyses showed consistent results for both longitudinal studies; job burnout measured at Time 1 led to STS at Time 2, but STS assessed at Time 1 did not lead to job burnout at Time 2. These results contribute to a discussion on the origins of STS and job burnout among human services personnel working in highly demanding context of work-related secondary exposure to traumatic events and confirm that job burnout contributes to the development of STS.
Psoriasis. A questionnaire survey of 2,144 patients.

A computerized analysis of 2,144 questionnaires correlated the relationships between 40 variables and yielded 700 frequency tables. Of the 2,144 individuals in the psoriasis sample, 45% were male and 55% female. The mean age at onset of the disease was 27.3 years. Scalp, elbows, and lower extremities were most commonly reported as areas affected at onset. Warm weather and sunlight had a beneficial effect. The relationship between psoriasis and various diseases (arthritis, asthma, throat infection, diabetes) were studied. Remission of psoriasis had been experienced by approximately 40% of the males and 60% of the females.
Perspectives of future health in self and others: The moderating role of culture

People tend to perceive themselves more favourably than others, but the degree to which individuals exhibit this bias may be influenced by cultural upbringing. Korean (n = 271) and American (n = 503) participants were asked to evaluate current and future health expectations for themselves and others. Results showed that American participants rated their own future health more positively than others’ future health, whereas Korean participants rated their own and others’ future health similarly. Given its role in patient health behaviour, implications for creating context-sensitive interventions for future health expectations are discussed.
Penguin–mounted cameras glimpse underwater group behaviour

Marine birds and mammals spend most of their lives in the open ocean far from human observation, which makes obtaining information about their foraging behaviour difficult. Here, we show, by use of a miniaturized digital camera system, the first direct evidence (to our knowledge) of underwater group behaviour in free–ranging penguins. Penguins swim closely accompanied by other bird(s) during 24% of their possible foraging dives. This finding confirms that such miniaturized camera technology has broad applicability for advancing our knowledge about the previously unknown social interactions of marine animals at depth.
A volitional help sheet to increase physical activity in people with low socioeconomic status: A randomised exploratory trial

Volitional help sheets use Gollwitzer's (1993) concept of implementation intentions as a vehicle to change behaviour using Prochaska and DiClemente's (1983) processes of change. The present study designed and tested a volitional help sheet to increase physical activity in a group with low socioeconomic status (low-SES). Sixty-eight people (33 women, 35 men; mean age 27) with low-SES were randomly allocated to either an experimental group or a control group. Both groups received a questionnaire and a volitional help sheet; the only difference between the experimental and control groups was that the former were given explicit instructions to link occasions on which they were tempted not to be physically active with appropriate behavioural responses (processes of change). Physical activity (Metabolic Equivalent minutes per week) was the main outcome measure; behavioural intention and self-efficacy were the secondary outcome measures. The findings revealed significant increase in physical activity in the experimental condition, relative to the control condition, F (1, 66) = 7.28, p < 0.01, = 0.10, but no differences for social cognitive variables. Furthermore, the participants who were most responsive to the intervention engaged in more than three times the physical activity at baseline than those who received the intervention but did not subsequently change. The findings provide further support for volitional help sheets to change health behaviour and extend them to a group with low-SES. Further work is required to refine this intervention tool.
Comparative study of sexual dysfunction and serum prolactin level associated with olanzapine, risperidone, and clozapine in patients with remitted schizophrenia

Background: Sexual dysfunctions have been a major side effect of the second generation anti-psychotic drugs which often affects treatment compliance in patients with schizophrenia. There is no/few systematic review or research addressing sexual dysfunction and their effect on serum prolactin level among different atypical antipsychotics in India. Aims: To determine and compare the frequency of sexual dysfunction associated with olanzapine, risperidone, and clozapine and their effect on serum prolactin level in remitted patients with schizophrenia. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional hospital-based study. Recruitment by purposive sampling. Estimation of serum prolactin was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Materials and Methods: The total sample size was 103, consisting of 31, 23, and 19 patients in olanzapine, risperidone, and clozapine groups, respectively and 30 controls. A Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser (UKU) Side Effect Rating Scale and Sexual Functioning Questionnaire were administered. Analysis of variance was used to compare clinical variables. Chi-square test was used to identify the frequency of sexual dysfunction. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare UKU side effect, sexual dysfunction, and blood parameters across the study groups. Results and Conclusion: Eighty-six percentage reported sexual dysfunction in one or more domains of sexual functioning in risperidone group as compared to 48.3% in olanzapine and 31% in clozapine groups, respectively. Prolactin level elevation was statistically significant in risperidone group followed by clozapine and olanzapine groups, respectively.
Serum inhibin levels in normal men and men with testicular disorders.

Serum concentrations of inhibin, FSH and LH were measured in 39 normal men and 127 men with testicular disorders resulting in infertility. The infertile men were divided into groups on the basis of their mean sperm count, FSH levels and karyotype. The mean (+/- S.D) serum concentrations of inhibin in the normal men was 554 +/- 156 U/l and did not differ significantly from those groups with oligospermia, azoospermia or Klinefelter's syndrome. Combined analyses of all groups did not reveal any significant correlation between serum concentrations of inhibin and FSH or with any other parameter measured. Serum concentrations of FSH and LH were positively correlated, and Leydig cell dysfunction, as evidenced by increased serum LH levels, low testosterone levels or a declining testosterone/LH ratio were found with severe spermatogenic damage. The failure of serum concentrations of inhibin to correlate with those of FSH levels or the degree of testicular damage raise questions as to the clinical value of this parameter alone.