Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bcl-2 family expression in salivary glands from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: involvement of Bax in salivary gland destruction.

To investigate the molecular mechanism of glandular parenchyma destruction in Sjögren's syndrome (SS), Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-X, and Bak expression were studied. SS (n = 18) and control salivary glands (n = 6) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was assessed by in situ DNA nick end labeling. Infiltrating mononuclear cells in the SS salivary gland showed elevated Bcl-2. These mononuclear cells expressed increased Bax but did not undergo apoptosis. Both SS and control salivary gland ductal epithelial cells expressed Bcl-2, Bax, and Bcl-X. SS, but not normal, salivary gland acinar cells expressed Bax and underwent apoptosis. These results suggest that elevated Bax expression in SS salivary gland acinar cells may play an important role in the apoptotic pathway. In contrast, Bcl-2 expression in SS infiltrating mononuclear cells and ductal cells may contribute to their survival.
Distal border fragments and shape of the navicular bone: radiological evaluation in lame horses and horses free from lameness.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The significance of distal border fragments of the navicular bone is not well understood. There are also no objective data about changes in thickness and proximal/distal extension of the palmar cortex of the navicular bone. OBJECTIVES To describe the distribution of distal border fragments and their association with other radiological abnormalities of the navicular bone and describe the shape of the navicular bone in sound horses and horses with foot-related lameness, including navicular pathology. METHODS Sound horses had radiographs acquired as part of a prepurchase examination. Lame horses had forelimb lameness abolished by palmar nerve blocks performed at the base of the proximal sesamoid bones. Diagnosis was assigned prospectively based on results of local analgesia and all imaging findings. The thickness of the palmar cortex of the navicular bone and size of proximal/distal extensions were measured objectively. Other radiological abnormalities were evaluated subjectively and each navicular bone graded. RESULTS Fifty-five sound and 377 lame horses were included. All measurements were larger in lame compared with sound horses except the size of the distal extension of the palmar cortex. Fragments were observed in 3.6 and 8.7% of sound and lame horses respectively and in 24.1% of horses with a diagnosis of primary navicular pathology. There was an association between fragments and overall navicular bone grade, radiolucent areas at the angles of the distal border of the navicular bone and number and size of the synovial invaginations. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE The palmar cortex of the navicular bone was thicker in lame compared with sound horses. Distal border fragments were most frequent in horses with navicular pathology. Evaluation of changes in shape of the navicular bone may also be important for recognition of pathological abnormalities of the bone.
The value of clinical ethics support in Australian health care

Professional practice in health care inevitably involves difficult ethical considerations that are often embedded in universal events: birth, periods of ill health, and death. Clinicians may be unsure in these situations about what exactly they should do. In light of this circumstance, ethics should no longer be an implicit component of Australian health care, but instead be explicitly recognised and practised. Clinical ethics support (CES) would help to optimise the ethical delivery of patient care.
Apoptosis in dengue virus infected liver cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B

While both in vivo and in vitro evidence has suggested that liver cells undergo apoptosis in response to dengue virus infection, little is known about the mechanism of induction. Given that the p53 tumour suppressor gene is a key mediator of apoptosis, we sought to define the role of this gene in response to dengue virus infection. After infection, a p53 wild type liver cell line (HepG2) showed changes consistent with apoptosis including alterations of cell morphology, cellular detachment and DNA laddering. However, p53 was neither up‐regulated, nor showed any evidence of complexing with dengue virus proteins as determined by immunoprecipitation. Infection of a p53 null liver cell line (Hep3B) also produced changes consistent with the induction of apoptosis. While the profile of the cells undergoing apoptosis in each cell line was similar as determined by flow cytometry, the absolute levels were markedly different with up to 90% of Hep3B cells undergoing apoptosis compared to only 20% of HepG2 cells at day 5 post infection. By day 7, all Hep3B infected cells were dead. In contrast, it proved possible to culture dengue virus infected HepG2 cells for 3 months. Viral progeny released from the p53 null cell line were nine‐fold higher per attached cell than from the p53 wild type cell line. These results suggest that, while induction of apoptosis in liver cells is mediated by a non‐p53 regulated pathway, p53 may play a role in restricting the level of viral progeny to below a critical level at which apoptosis is triggered. J. Med. Virol. 72:436–444, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are We Faced with Two Human Species?

Problems could be found in the fact that we very often look for one deciding, definitive reason for the process of aging. It is a sort of search for a big discovery, like a fountain of youth or such. More and more authors are trying to explain the unknowns in the understanding of these observations about aging by adding the statement that there are two subgroups in the general population. This acknowledgment of two subpopulations explains why there are numerous cases that cannot be explained, defined, or fitted in basic observations about caloric restrictions and the delay of reproduction. The identification of those two groups would allow us to find more realistic results in studies and therefore a more efficient therapy of certain diseases. This hypothesis does not contradict theories of aging that we have accepted (at least not the majority of accepted theories), and this hypothesis also does not contradict the fact that there is a large interindividual variability. This hypothesis doubts, and claims there are exceptions to, the starting assumption of geriatrics and gerontology that: “parallel to the aging process the functions of all organs and organ systems lessen. ”
Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma in the anterior abdominal wall

Online first: June 6, 2017 SUMMARY Introduction Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly malignant neoplasm occurring most commonly in the thoracic wall and the paravertebral region. ES belongs to the group of small round cell tumors and displays pathognomonic structural abnormalities of the EWS gene. The aim of this article was to present extraskeletal ES in an extremely rare anatomic location, an unusual clinical presentation, and modified treatment strategy. Case outline A 15-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with acute abdominal pain in the right iliac region. During urgent operation, because of suspected appendicitis with periappendicular infiltrate, partly hemorrhagic tumor tissue was discovered in the preperitoneal space. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a tumor resembling extraskeletal ES. A postoperative CT scan showed the tumor rest, which was completely removed in the second operation. Molecular genetic analysis confirmed extraskeletal ES by finding the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion gene. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy according to the VAC protocol were started, and the patient is free of the disease eight months after the first operation. Conclusion Our case is the fourth case of extraskeletal ES located in the abdominal wall, the second case confirmed by the molecular genetic finding, and the first case described in children at this anatomic site. Due to an extremely rare location, unusual clinical presentation, and needed genetic analysis, the tumor treatment strategy was modified with good short-term results.
The Recovery of Elbow Range of Motion After Treatment of Supracondylar and Lateral Condylar Fractures of the Distal Humerus in Children

Objectives: To investigate the time required for elbow range of motion (ROM) recovery after supracondylar and lateral condylar fractures in children and to analyze the relationship between the ROM recovery and the related factors. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Tertiary pediatric orthopaedic care unit at a general hospital. Patients/Participants: Forty-five children with distal humerus supracondylar fractures and 16 children with lateral condylar fractures were followed. Twenty-seven children with distal forearm fractures, which were immobilized with long arm casts, were used as a control group to study elbow flexion-extension recovery after immobilization without elbow fracture. Main Outcome Measurements: Elbow ROM was measured with a goniometer in a series of follow-up visits after cast removal until 90% ROM of the uninjured side had been reached. Morrey's definition was used to define ROM required for functional activity of daily living. Results: The supracondylar fracture group took 29.5, 39.0, 6.1, and 11.0 days to achieve 90% ROM in extension, flexion, supination, and pronation directions. The lateral condylar fracture group needed 30.2, 35.6, 2.3, and 8.9 days, respectively, in 4 directions. In the distal forearm fracture group, the elbow total flexion-extension angle required less than 2 weeks to reach a total arc of 135 degrees. The supination range was easier to recover than the pronation motion. The flexion recovered last among 4 directions in supra- and lateral condylar fractures. Conclusions: In the uncomplicated distal humerus supracondylar and lateral condylar fractures, it takes 5 weeks to restore original elbow ROM after removal of long arm cast without physical therapy. This information could be applied in the education material to caregivers of children with elbow injuries.
Combining Ability for Developmental Traits in Soybean

In a 10-variety diallel cross in soybean, both gca and sca variances were found to be highly significant for six developmental characters. Parental performance as judged by gca effects indicated that ‘EG 7034’, ‘EG 27500’, ‘Hernon-49’, ‘EG 39822’ and ‘EG 39821’ were good general combiners for different characters. In general, the superior combinations involved at least one high general combining parent.
A new balanced-to-single-ended (BTSE) power divider

A balanced-to-single-ended (BTSE) power divider is proposed in this paper. Its input is a differential pair while both the outputs are single-ended ports. It can replace the cascade of a balun and a conventional power divider. The characteristics requirements of a two-way BTSE power divider with equal power division are first derived, and then a prototype is designed for 2.0 GHz. In order to construct the component compactly, a short-ended four-wire coupled line and T-shaped sections are utilized to realize a -90° transmission line and a phase inverter, respectively. The developed prototype occupies an area of 0.077 λg2, where λg is the guided wavelength of central frequency. It provides all the desired performances within the operating bandwidth of 25%, with low insertion loss and good balance also achieved.
miR‐125b promotes growth of prostate cancer xenograft tumor through targeting pro‐apoptotic genes

Increasing evidence demonstrates that aberrantly regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the initiation and progression of human cancer. We previously have demonstrated that miR‐125b stimulated the growth of prostate cancer (CaP) cells. In this study, we further determined the influence of miR‐125b on the pathogenesis of CaP.
Analysis of Stemming Influence on Indonesian Tweet Classification

Stemming has been commonly used by some researchers in natural language processing area such as text mining, text classification, and information retrieval. In information retrieval, stemming may help to raise retrieval performance. However, there is an indication that stemming does not hand over significant influence toward the accuracy in text classification. Therefore, this paper analyzes further research about the influence of stemming on tweet classification in Bahasa Indonesia. This work examines about the accuracy result between two conditions by involving stemming and without involving stemming in pre-processing task for tweet classification. The contribution of this research is to find out a better pre-processing task in order to obtain good accuracy in text classification. According to the experiments, it is observed that all accuracy results in tweet classification tend to decrease. Stemming task does not raise the accuracy either using SVM or Naive Bayes algorithm. Therefore, this work summarized that stemming process does not affect significantly towards the accuracy performance.
A Macromolecular Complex Formed by a Pilin-like Protein in Competent Bacillus subtilis*

In competent Bacillus subtilis, the ComG proteins are required to allow exogenous DNA to access to membrane-bound receptor ComEA during transformation. Here we describe a multimeric complex containing the pilin-like protein ComGC. Due to similarities to the type 4 pilus and the type 2 secretion system pseudopilus, we have tentatively named it the “competence pseudopilus. ” The ComGC multimer is released from cells upon digestion of the cell wall with lysozyme and has a heterogeneous size, estimated to range between 40 and 100 monomers, covalently linked by disulfide bonds. We determined that the prepilin peptidase ComC, the thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase pair BdbDC, and all seven ComG proteins are necessary to form the pseudopilus. Furthermore, these proteins are also sufficient to form a functional complex, i.e. able to facilitate binding of exogenous DNA to ComEA. The initial steps of pseudopilus biogenesis include the processing of ComGC in the cytoplasmic membrane and consist of two independent events, proteolytic cleavage by ComC and formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond by BdbDC. The other ComG proteins are required to assemble the mature ComGC monomers in the membrane into a multimeric complex proposed to span the cell envelope. We discuss the possible role of the competence pseudopilus in DNA binding and uptake during transformation.
From spinal shock to spasticity

Objective: To investigate the adaptational changes in excitability of spinal neuronal circuits below the level of lesion from spinal shock to spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: More than 6 months after an acute SCI, clinical follow-up examinations were paralleled by electrophysiologic recordings with tibial nerve stimulation (M-wave, F-wave, H-reflex, and flexor reflex). Results: During spinal shock, the loss of tendon tap reflexes and flaccid muscle tone were associated with low persistence of F-waves and loss of flexor reflexes, whereas H-reflexes were already elicitable. During the transition to spasticity, the reappearance of tendon tap reflexes and muscle tone and the occurrence of spasms was associated with the recovery of F-waves and flexor reflex excitability, whereas the H-to-M ratio remained about stable over months. At later stages (2 to 6 months after SCI) when clinical signs of spasticity became established, the electrophysiologic measures showed little change. In paraplegic patients, in contrast to tetraplegic patients, M-wave and flexor reflex amplitudes even decreased. Conclusions: The late decrease in M-wave and flexor reflex amplitude in paraplegic patients suggests a secondary impairment/degeneration of premotoneuronal circuits and of motoneurons. The divergent course of clinical signs of spasticity and their probable neuronal correlates indicates the occurrence of non-neuronal changes contributing to spasticity.
Uterine Quiescence: The Role of Cyclic AMP

It is accepted that whilst hormones such as oxytocin, vasopressin and prostaglandin F2α induce myometrial contractions, essentially via an elevation of intracellular calcium, other ligands, such as β‐adrenoceptor agonists, calcitonin gene‐related peptide, and prostaglandin E2, promote uterine quiescence via their ability to increase intracellular cyclic AMP levels. At present, the exact factors initiating human parturition remain unknown, and labour may occur due to a loss of uterine quiescence, an increase in uterine contractility, or a combination of both. Whilst many studies have aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying uterine contractility there is a relative paucity of data regarding myometrial relaxation. We have verified the presence of mRNA encoding adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms I, II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX in both non‐pregnant and pregnant human myometrium, and in isolated myometrial cells maintained in cell culture. Furthermore, by means of immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry, we have demonstrated the expression of these isoforms as membrane‐associated AC proteins, and identified changes in individual AC isoform expression during gestation. These findings illustrate the diversity of potential cAMP generating pathways in human myometrium, and the complexity of the signal transduction systems underlying uterine quiescence.
Later effects of grounding of tanker Braer on health in Shetland

The public health response to the oil spillage from the tanker Braer in January 1993 included a cohort study to examine its effects on health.1 The first phase has been reported.2 We report longer term effects. In June 1993 participants in the first phase were given an extended questionnaire. A systematic sample of non-participating exposed people was surveyed by telephone. Participants aged 16 and over completed the general health questionnaire (28 questions). 3 Weight, peak expiratory flow, urine analysis haematology, and liver and renal function were measured. For categorical data X2 values or Fisher's exact tests with two tailed probability were computed; testing of hypotheses was performed by determining odds ratios and confidence intervals by using discordant pairs when applicable. For continuous data, means and mean differences for paired data and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Overall, 344 of the original 420 subjects (80%) and 77 of the 92 controls (84%) participated. The distribution of sex and age and the proportions exposed inside and outside were no different from the first phase. Sixteen of the 76 (21%) non-responders surveyed did not differ in distributions of sex and age from participants. Of exposed people, 7% …
Psychophysiological insomnia: the behavioural model and a neurocognitive perspective

A number of paradoxes are apparent in the assessment and treatment of psychophysiological insomnia and sleep state misperception. Three of these paradoxes exist as discrepancies between polysomnographic (PSG) measures and the subjective impressions regarding sleep quality and quantity. The remaining incongruity exists largely within the objective domain. In the case of subjective–objective discrepancies, patients with insomnia: (1) frequently identify themselves as having been awake when awakened from PSG defined sleep; (2) tend to overestimate sleep latency and underestimate total sleep time as compared with PSG measures; (3) appear to derive more benefit from pharmacotherapy that can be explained by objective gains. The remaining paradox pertains to the observation that hypnotic medications, by and large, do not normalize sleep architecture or produce a more ‘sleep‐like’ EEG. In this paper, we review possible explanations for these various paradoxes, introduce a new perspective and suggest possible research avenues. The model introduced is based on the observation that beta and/or gamma activity (which have been found to be associated with cognitive processes) is enhanced in insomnia at or around sleep onset. We propose that this kind of high frequency EEG activity may interfere with the normal establishment of sleep onset‐related mesograde amnesia. As a result, the patient with insomnia maintains a level of information and/or memory processing that blurs the phenomenological distinction between sleep and wakefulness and influences retrospective judgments about sleep initiation and duration.
Toxicology findings in child and adolescent suicides in virginia: 1987-2003.

OBJECTIVE In a follow-up report of child and adolescent suicides in Virginia, we describe postmortem toxicology findings in a subset of these youths. METHOD We analyzed "unnatural" deaths from Virginia's Office of the Chief Medical Examiner for 1987 to 2003. There were 2818 unnatural deaths in children and adolescents. We grouped unnatural deaths as accidents, homicides, and suicides. Toxicology records were available for 753 cases, of which 732 were black or white youths. RESULTS There were no age differences among suicide victims and accident or homicide victims. Whites were more likely than blacks to die by accident and suicide. White females were more likely than black females to commit suicide. Black males were more likely than white males to suffer homicide. For all unexpected deaths, antidepressants were more commonly found among whites than blacks. Suicide by poisoning occurred more commonly among whites. Recreational drugs were more commonly found among blacks than whites. Suicide by gun occurred more commonly among blacks. Antidepressants were found in 39 black and white suicide victims. Anti-depressants (all tricyclic antidepressants) were causally related in 17 cases of suicide by poisoning. No other antidepressants were found in lethal levels in suicide by poisoning. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)/venlafaxine appeared more commonly in the suicides (p < .0001) than in accidents or homicides. For suicides, SSRIs appeared no more commonly in poisoning than in gun or hanging deaths (p = .695). CONCLUSIONS Antidepressants appeared more commonly among youths committing suicide than those dying by accident or homicide. SSRIs did not appear more commonly among youths committing suicide by poisoning than those committing suicide by gun or hanging. Because our data are descriptive, they are subject to over-interpretation. Cause-effect inferences should not be drawn.