Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resolution of the apparent discrepancy between the number of massive subhaloes in Abell 2744 and ΛCDM

Schwinn et al. (2017) have recently compared the abundance and distribution of massive substructures identified in a gravitational lensing analysis of Abell 2744 by Jauzac et al. (2016) and N-body simulation and found no cluster in ΛCDM simulation that is similar to Abell 2744. Schwinn et al. (2017) identified the measured projected aperture masses with the actual masses associated with subhaloes in the MXXL N-body simulation. We have used the high resolution Phoenix cluster simulations to show that such an identification is incorrect: the aperture mass is dominated by mass in the body of the cluster that happens to be projected along the line-of-sight to the subhalo. This enhancement varies from factors of a few to factors of more than 100, particularly for subhaloes projected near the centre of the cluster. We calculate aperture masses for subhaloes in our simulation and compare them to the measurements for Abell 2744. We find that the data for Abell 2744 are in excellent agreement with the matched predictions from ΛCDM. We provide further predictions for aperture mass functions of subhaloes in idealized surveys with varying mass detection thresholds.
The Impact of Abuse and Trauma on the Developing Child: An Evaluation of a Training Programme for Foster Carers and Supervising Social Workers

Jeanette Allen and Panos Vostanis describe the set-up and preliminary evaluation of a seven-week training programme for foster carers and supervising social workers based on attachment theory. It has long been recognised that parenting children with complex and challenging needs in a family setting is extremely demanding, with research indicating that foster carers' lack of confidence in managing such demands is a significant factor in placement breakdown. This study suggests that attachment theory provides a useful model to help carers understand and respond to the complex difficulties presented by children with a history of abuse and trauma, and that the provision of a conceptual framework may be a significant factor in improving foster carers' confidence to manage the difficulties presented by the children in their care. The clinical implications of this evaluation are discussed.
Reasoning about the Surprise Exam Paradox : An application of psychological game theory

In many real-life scenarios, decision-makers do not exclusively care for materialized outcomes from decisions they and their coplayers make but also display other-regarding preferences such as reciprocity and surprise. Psychological game theory is able to model such belief-dependent motivations. In this paper we discuss the reasoning concepts of common belief in rationality and common belief in future rationality in a psychological game-theoretic setting and use them to provide an explanation for the puzzle of the Surprise Exam Paradox. We consider two versions of the surprise exam game, both in a static and dynamic scenario. In the version that best captures the actual crux of the paradox, we show that, as long as no cautious reasoning is imposed, full surprise is always possible. This contrasts the previous game-theoretic literature on the Surprise Exam Paradox, which relied on equilibrium concepts for traditional and psychological games alike and showed that at most partial surprise is possible under these concepts. JEL Classification: C72, D03, D83, D84
Application of Total Quality Management (TQM) in Secondary School Administration in Umuahia Education Zone

The study was conducted to investigate the application of Total Quality Management (TQM) in secondary school administration in Umuahia Education Zone. Three research questions and one null hypothesis guided the study. Descriptive survey design was employed for the study. The population of the study comprised 1365 administrators. Multi stage sampling techniques was used to select 358 respondents, comprising of 53 principals 53 vice principals and 252 teachers from the four Local Government Areas in the Education zone. A self-developed instrument by the researchers titled Questionnaireon Application of Total Quality Management in Secondary School Administration (QATQMSSA) was used for data collection. To ensure the validity of the instrument, the instrument was face validated by three experts, from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The data generated from the trial testing were analyzed using Cronbach Alpha statistics and the overall reliability index of 0.76 was obtained. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the research questions while the null hypothesis was tested using ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that total commitment and teamwork is applied to a high extent in secondary school administration. The findings further showed that to a little extent, effective communication is applied in secondary school administration in Umuahia Education zone. This is to say that TQM is applied to a little extent in secondary school administration. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made which include꞉ that the Ministry of Education should organize seminars, workshops and conferences for teachers where TQM attributes will be discussed for effective communication and that Principals should be fully committed to every activity of Total Quality Management foreffective school administration,especially in Umuahia Education zone.
Test Wise or Test Foolish: Effects of Riverside Materials on Test Taking Skill Instruction.

The instructional effectiveness of commercially prepared test preparation materials was studied using Riverside Publishing Company's "Improving Test-Taking Skills" materials. The study further investigated differential effects of test-taking instruction as a result of student characteristics. In the first year of the study (1986-87), performance on standardized achievement tests of 182 fourth graders receiving an average of 12 hours and 212 fifth graders receiving an average of 9.25 hours of instruction with the Riverside materials was matched with that of students receiving test-taking instruction without the Riverside materials (223 fourth-graders, and 215 fifth-graders). In the replication year, students in nine schools received about 10 hours of Riverside instruction. Samples used in the second year included 129 fourth-graders and 92 fifth-graders receiving the Riverside materials, and 148 fourth-graders and 109 fifth-graders not receiving the Riverside materials. In the first year of the study, fourth-grade students receiving formal instruction in test taking did increase their scores, although teacher-made or commercial materials performed comparably well. In the second year, the Riverside method instruction appeared to have resulted in improved test scores only in mathematics for the fourth grade. No beneficial effects of test-taking instruction were found in the fifth grade in either year. No clear-cut patterns of differential effects for sex, socioeconomic status, or ethnicity were apparent for grade 4; results for grade 5 were similar. The policy implications of these findings are discussed. Two tables contain study results. (SLD) ******************W***************4************************************ * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *************************************4. *************************%******* U S DIFAIIRTIMIENT OF EDuckftcug 014.1 k1,4C.VONl W,ur7Hrt %rim. frILICATI(,)NAI Rf SOVRCIS INF Of+MAT +ON ri NT( fl It-N2( :VIAir, fltK Wm. , Pip1 ript.n v. ,. t rig honors haw rwe, t, 'ow n 0,Rfj, t t p.A. shlalho er.esti. r 4't A,' "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE TI1IS MATEFIIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Pós-colheita de pêssegos (Prunus pérsica L. Bastsch) revestidos com filmes a base de amido como alternativa à cera comercial

The main objective of this work was to prolong the shelf life of peaches at ambient conditions. Initially, the studies were to get a film forming of cassava starch and bee wax with similar properties of commercial waxes. The second pass was apply in the surface of the fruits, commercial wax (" Fruit wax") or film-forming of cassava starch and bee wax. The peaches of the variety 'Biuti' were picked in 14/01/1999 and 120 uniform fruits were scratched. The analyses were of loss of fresh mass, respiration, texture, total soluble solids (TSS), total acidity, and pH tested every 3 days during 12 days. At first, fruits were put into 0.3g/l of "Benomyl" in hot water (52oC) during 2 minutes. Four treatments were made: Control, Fruit Wax, Film-forming of Cassava Starch and Film forming of Cassava Starch and Bee Wax. The fruits treated Fruit Wax and Film forming of Cassava Starch and Bee Wax showed improved efficiency in relation to loss of fresh mass to the Control and Film forming of Cassava Starch treatments. The respiration was measured to be in the order of 40mg de CO2.kg-1.h-1. Sugar profile verified that sucrose is a sugar found in larger quantities, and verified traces of glucose and fructose in some samples. Equally to total soluble solids, the Fruit Wax treatment decreased the values of sucrose compared with the Control. The use of Film forming of Cassava Starch and Bee Wax was better than the expectations, being very similar to the Fruit Wax treatment in all attributes. It was also superior to Control and Film forming of Cassava Starch with respect to loss of fresh mass.
An extraordinary episode of Yellowstone caldera uplift, 2004–2010, from GPS and InSAR observations

Geodetic measurements of Yellowstone ground deformation from 2006 to June 2010 reveal deceleration of the recent uplift of the Yellowstone caldera following an unprecedented period of uplift that began in 2004. In 2006–2008 uplift rates decreased from 7 to 5 cm/yr and 4 to 2 cm/yr in the northern and southwest caldera, respectively, and in 2009 rates further reduced to 2 cm/yr and 0.5 cm/yr in the same areas. Elastic‐dislocation modeling of the deformation data robustly indicates an expanding sill at ∼7–10 km depth near the top of a seismically imaged, crystallizing magma reservoir, with a 60% decrease in the volumetric expansion rate between 2006 and 2009. Reduction of hydrothermal‐volcanic recharge from beneath the northeast caldera and seismic moment release of the 2008 and 2010 large earthquake swarms are plausible mechanisms for decelerating the caldera uplift and may have influenced the change in recent caldera motion from uplift to subsidence.
Genetic Diversity of Shea Butter Tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaernt) in the Guinea Savanna of Nigeria Based on Morphological Markers

The knowledge and understanding of the extent of genetic variation of shea genotypes is important for conservation and improvement of the crop. The study was conducted to assess genetic diversity among shea genotypes in different agro ecological zones with the aim of establishing the extent of variation in the crop. In this study, 60 shea genotypes from different locations were evaluated for genetic variability and assessed based on 24 agro morphological characters. The study was conducted in three agro ecologies in the Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The shea genotypes were naturally established, but selected and preserved by farmers on their cropping areas. Data on morphological traits were analyzed using analysis of variance, descriptive analysis, cluster and principal component analyses. Results of the analysis of variance showed that the mean squares for agro ecology were highly significant (p 0.05) for traits related to trees, fruits and leaves. The first three principal components axes accounted for 66.57% of the variation among genotypes. Fruits and nuts diameter, nut length, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length contributed most of the variation. There was wide genetic diversity among shea trees within and among agro ecological zones, as was clearly distinct with traits related to fruits and nuts. This implies that a breeding programme can be initiated to improve on the fruit yield of the crop.
Fertile island development around perennial shrubs across a Mojave Desert chronosequence

—Spatial heterogeneity has been examined only recently as a factor in studies of ecosystem processes. The effect of this factor on desert organisms is exemplified in the “fertile island”—a concentration of essential soil nutrients under perennial shrubs. In this study we examined fertile island patterns in undisturbed desert areas and on abandoned roadways to see at what rate and magnitude these fertile patches reappeared after disturbance. Small-scale examination of patterns of soil P, organic matter, moisture, and bulk density showed that soils beneath Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov. shrubs on the roads lacked the tight circular gradient in these variables that was characteristic of soils beneath control shrubs, even 88 years after road abandonment. The nature of the initial soil disturbance altered both spatial patterns of soil N and temporal patterns of fertile island development. Fertile island patterns for total soil N, available P, and organic matter were more circular than patterns for bulk density, texture, or pH. We suggest that patterns of soil heterogeneity may develop first for elements that may be limiting to desert shrub growth (N, P, organic matter), followed by spatial development in other less limiting soil factors (bulk density, texture, pH).
The Sharp interface limit for the stochastic Cahn-Hilliard equation

We study the two and three dimensional stochastic Cahn-Hilliard equation in the sharp interface limit, where the positive parameter $\epsilon$ tends to zero, which measures the width of transition layers generated during phase separation. We also couple the noise strength to this parameter. Using formal asymptotic expansions, we identify the limit. In the right scaling we indicate that the solutions of stochastic Cahn-Hilliard converge to a solution of a Hele-Shaw problem with stochastic forcing. In the case when the noise is sufficiently small, we rigorously prove that the limit is a deterministic Hele-Shaw problem. Finally, we discuss which estimates are necessary in order to extend the rigorous result to larger noise strength.
Geospatial Analysis of Buruli Ulcer Prevalence in Anambra North, AnambraState, Nigeria

Although the true burden and the factors responsible for Buruli ulcer (BU) occurrence in Nigeria is not yet known, the disease has become an issue of great concern in some parts of the country, especially in Anambra State. It is against this background that this study analyzed the prevalence of BU in Anambra North with the objectives of determining the hotspots, trends and factors influencing the occurrence of the disease in the study area. Three LGAs and fifteen communities were selected based on purposive sampling in which 400 copies of questionnaire were randomly distributed. Field survey, topographic map of the study area, administrative map of the study area, Global Position System (GPS) and Google earth satellite images were the materials and methods used for the study. The analysis was done using ArcGIS 10.1 and Excel software packages. The results show a variation in the temporal distribution of the disease. The trend analysis revealed that the months of February and May recorded the highest number of cases of BU (17.2%) and (15.6%), respectively while the months of September and October recorded no case of the disease. The study also discovered five significant hotspots of BU at 95% confidence level using the Getis-Ord G* tool. The hotspots of BU in the study area include Omor (p-value: 0.0119), Umumbo (0.0119), Igbakwu (p-value: 0.0119), Anaku (p-value: 0.0197) and Umuerum (p-value: 0.0197). On the factors influencing BU occurrence in the study area, cultural practices, farming/fishing on swampy lands, swimming in rivers and living close to stagnant bodies of water were identified as risk factors of BU occurrence in the study area. The bivariate analysis of BU factors revealed that cultural practices pose the highest risk of BU occurrence with a percentage increase in risk of 846% while wearing of protective gadgets reduces the risk of the disease with a percentage decrease in risk of 20%. More so, the study showed that the disease has negative effects on the feeding habit and employment of majority (76.6%) and (78.1%) respectively of the affected persons. The study therefore concludes by recommending that people should be discouraged from activities around the ox-bow lakes such as swimming and dipping legs in pond waters.
Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Features of Sensory Neuropathy in Bulbospinal Muscular Atrophy

Objectives: Bulbo-spinal muscular atrophy (BSMA) is an inherited motor neuronopathy, but it is known that subclinical sensory neuropathy can be found. The objective of this study is to clarify the features of sensory neuropathy by cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Method: We analyzed the clinical and electrodiagnostic data of 41 BSMA patients who were genetically confirmed. Follow-up studies were performed in 10 patients among them. Results: Of 41 patients, 11 complained of sensory symptoms (26.8%), such as numbness or paresthesia of distal extremities. However, sensory neuropathy was observed in 23 patients (56.1%) with nerve conduction study (NCS). Reduced amplitude of action potentials was the most remarkable finding of the group with sensory neuropathy. For 10 patients with follow-up NCS, the mean follow-up interval was 8 years. There was no significant temporal change between the first and the follow-up sensory NCS. Conclusion: Subclinical sensory neuropathy was found in 56.1% of BSMA patients. The longitudinal study shows that subclinical sensory neuropathy in BSMA may not progress over time.
Enhancements of pinning by superconducting nanoarrays

We present a comparative study of vortex pinning efficiency in superconducting (V) thin films grown on two similar triangular arrays of superconducting (Nb) and nonsuperconducting (Cu) nanodots. Resistance and magnetization anomalies at the same matching fields confirm the same pinning periodicity in both samples. However, we found two distinct features: First, the sample with superconducting dots shows stronger pinning that appears as sharper matching peaks in magnetization loops and shows higher critical current density and larger critical field at low temperatures. Second, an overall increase in the resistance of the V film with Nb nanodots is observed, while there is a crossover in the temperature dependence of the critical field and the critical current of both samples at T=3K. This crossover corresponds to the temperature when the superconducting coherence length of V thin film equals the edge-to-edge distance between nanodots. We argue that this change in superconducting properties is related to the change in the superconducting regime from pinning enhancement at low temperatures to a superconducting wire network at high temperatures.
Craton systematics of peridotites from the Tan-Lu fault zone, eastern North China Os - Effects of melt percolation on platinum group elements and Re

Concentrations of platinum group elements (PGE) and Re–Os isotopic compositions were determined for a suite of peridotite xenoliths from Cenozoic Beiyan volcanoes within the Tan-Lu fault zone, eastern North China Craton (NCC). Previous petrographic and geochemical data indicate the existence of considerable modification by melt–peridotite interaction for these xenoliths. Thus, this suite of xenoliths provides an unusual opportunity to examine the effects of melt percolation on PGE abundances and Re–Os isotopes. Our data show that most of the Beiyan peridotites have flat chondrite-normalized PGE patterns whereas a considerable variation in total PGE abundances has been observed in lherzolites to highly fertile cpx-rich lherzolites and wehrlites. Their total PGE contents range between 0.97 and 61.4 ppb and their PGE relative abundances from 0.1 to 0.0001 3 CI-chondrites, respectively. In these rocks, the total PGE budget was reduced by more than 90% from lherzolite to cpx-rich lherzolite and to wehrlite, probably because intergranular sulphides were completely removed by silicate melt. However, Beiyan peridotites have low and variable Re (0.0002–0.5118 ppb) and Os (0.194–10.4 ppb) abundances and high Os/Os (0.12167– 0.14978) ratios. The Os/Os ratios in some wehrlites are much higher than the value for the primitive mantle. The high Os/Os ratios have also been observed in peridotites found in other localities within the Tan-Lu fault zone such as Shanwang and Nüshan. This could be the result of the addition of radiogenic Os during the melt percolation. Extremely low Os abundances in Beiyan peridotites suggest that Os may behave as an incompatible element during melt percolation and could mobilize with the dissolution of sulphides. The suprachondritic Os/Os ratios in peridotites within the Tan-Lu fault zone relative to those away from it indicate that the Tan-Lu fault zone played an important role as a melt infiltrating channel in the radiogenic Os enrichment induced by melt percolation. This could be the reason for the Os isotopic heterogeneity observed in the eastern NCC. This study also confirms that Os isotopes and PGE appear to be mobile during massive
Postoperative Analgesia Following Sciatic Nerve Blockade Administered by Nurse Anesthetists Supervised by Regional Anesthesia Faculty in an Academic Hospital

Introduction: Assessment of expertise in regional anesthesia techniques is traditionally based upon quota fulfillment of procedures during training. Validation of practitioner proficiency in performing procedures in surgical specialties has moved from simple measurement of technical skills to evaluation of global patient outcomes. Complete absence of pain as a result of nerve blockade is the most important clinical endpoint but patient, technical and procedural factors influence results. The purpose of this study was to measure the postoperative pain scores and Short Communication Lollo and Stogicza; BJMMR, 10(6): 1-12, 2015; Article no.BJMMR. 19502 2 associated analgesic medication requirements for patients administered sciatic nerve blockade by nurse anesthetists and determine patient or procedural factors that influenced this outcome. Methods: Either nerve stimulator or ultrasound guided sciatic nerve blockade was administered by nurse anesthetists under the supervision of regional anesthesia faculty. Patient demographic data that was collected included gender, body mass index, surgical procedure, and pre-existing chronic pain with associated opioid use. Patient self-reported pain scores and opioid analgesic dosages in the preoperative, intraoperative, immediate postoperative and 24 hour post procedure intervals were recorded. Results: 22 nurse anesthetists administered sciatic nerve blockade to 48 patients during a 36 month interval. Transition from a nerve stimulator to ultrasound guided sciatic nerve block technique resulted in lower mean pain scores. Patients reporting chronic opioid use were observed to have elevated perioperative opioid analgesic requirements and pain scores compared to opioid naive patients. Conclusion: Effective analgesia is a prime measure for assessing expertise in regional anesthesia and continuous evaluation of this outcome in everyday practice is proposed.