Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neonatal gastrointestinal perforation is a major challenge; A retrospective study

Objectives: The objective of our study was to study the outcome of the perforated gut in the neonatal age group in our institute in relation to the personal data (age, sex), the operative details (abdominal incision, peritonitis &collection, the type of the performed procedure, the type, site and cause of the perforation) and the length of the hospital stay. Material and methods: The records of all neonates with perforated gut, who were admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, between January 2015 and November 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The personal data (age, sex), the operative details (abdominal incision, peritonitis &collection, the type of the performed procedure, the type, site, and cause of the perforation) and the length of the hospital stay were collected and analyzed. All of the previously enumerated factors were correlated to the final outcome of the patients. Patients with incomplete data were excluded from our study. Results: Our study included 44 neonates; all of them were under one month old. The patients were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) according to their final outcome. Patients of group A were those who had been discharged after surgical exploration, patients of group B were those who died after surgical exploration and patients of group C who died before any surgical exploration. So the actual mortality rate in our study, including both patients of group B and group C (18 patient) was 40%. Sealed perforation was found in 2 patients, solitary perforation in 28 patients and only nine patients had multiple perforations. Nothing had been done for the two patients with sealed perforation; however, four patients had direct closure of their perforated loop, three patients had resection anastomosis of the perforated loop, and 31 patients had a stoma. Birth weight, prematurity, and the amount of peritoneal collection were the only factors which had a statistically significant effect on the fate of our studied patients. Conclusion: Neonatal perforated gut had a high mortality rate which could be affected by birth weight, prematurity and the amount of peritoneal collection
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF

Program Studi Diploma IV Kebidanan Magelang2019ABSTRAKFifi Banyu Niagoro1, Arum Lusiana2, Sri Widatiningsih3Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemberian ASI Eksklusif146 hal + 9 tabel + 7 lampiranLatar Belakang : Pemberian ASI ekslusif adalah Air Susu Ibu (ASI)yang diberikan kepada bayi sejak dilahirkan sampai dengan 6bulan tanpa menambahkan atau mengganti makanan atauminuman lain (kecuali obat, vitamin dan mineral). Cakupan ASIekslusif di Kabupaten Temanggung untuk Wilayah PuskesmasKranggan tahun 2016 adalah 81,6% namun justru mengalamipenurunan pada tahun 2017 yaitu 78,8% yang berarti tidakmencapai target yaitu sebesar 80%. Tujuan Penelitian : Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhipemberian ASI eksklusifMetode Penelitian : Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitiansurvei analitik dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional dan metodepengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan ibu yangmempunyai bayi usia 6-12 bulan sebagai responden sebanyak 65 responden.Hasil Penelitian : Tidak ada hubungan pengetahuan ibu dengan pemberian ASIeksklusif (p value = 0.958), tidak ada hubungan motivasi ibu dengan pemberianASI eksklusif (p value = 0.138), tidak ada hubungan status pekerjaan ibu denganpemberian ASI eksklusif (p value = 0.711). Kesimpulan dan Saran : Tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan, motivasi danstatus pekerjaan ibu dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Diharapkan petugaskesehatan lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang ASI eksklusif, sehinggadapat melanjutkan pemberian ASI meskipun sebelumnya bayi sudah diberikanmakanan tambahan selain ASI sebelum usia 6 bulan dan bayi tetep mendapatkanmanfaat ASI meskipun tidak sama manfaat yang didapatkan dari pemberian ASIeksklusif.Kata kunci : Pengetahuan, Motivasi, Status Pekerjaan, Pemberian ASI Eksklusif.Pustaka :14 Pustaka (2010-2018)1MahasiswaD IV Kebidanan2DosenPembimbing
Current Use of Global Coronary Heart Disease Risk Assessment by a Sample of US Physicians

Background: Little is known about United States (US) physicians’ understanding and utilization of global CHD risk assessment in clinical practice. Purpose: To assess the current level of evidence regarding physicians’ use of global CHD risk assessment in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease by examining if there are valid and reliable tools available for clinicians to calculate patients’ global CHD risk scores, if calculation and communication of global risk scores translate into improved patient level outcomes, and if physicians understand/use global risk scoring in primary prevention of CVD. Methods: The MEDLINE database (from inception to 20 March 2010) was searched for studies involving physicians’ use of global CHD risk scores. Studies of any design were considered using the search terms, ―global coronary heart disease risk score‖, ―cardiovascular disease‖, ―primary prevention‖, and ―physicians‖. Reference lists from related systematic reviews and primary articles were searched and additional citations were provided by experts in the field of cardiovascular disease prevention. Studies were limited to those written in English. Results: The search resulted in one good quality recent systematic review that assessed the tools available for calculation of CHD risk scores, two good quality recent systematic reviews of the literature that assessed whether global CHD scoring results in improved patient outcomes, and three poor to fair quality original physician survey studies that examined physicians’ use of global CHD risk scores. Conclusion: Available evidence suggests that there are many accurate, easy to use tools available to physicians for calculation of patients CHD global risk score. Global CHD risk scoring may increase prescribing of preventive therapy (aspirin and lipid lowering therapy), reduce CHD risk
Effect of different soil types and season on the vegetative propagation of Pterocarpus species in the humid tropic of south eastern Nigeria

In addition to the use of Pterocarpus species as a major source of vegetable and fodder, the recent decline in timber sources has led to logging of Pterocarpus species for timber production. Increase in the use of Pterocarpus species for timber production has led to drastic decline in their population. Consequently, a decline in the availability of the vegetable has resulted to the increase in the cost of the Pterocarpus species vegetable. Thus, there is a need for understanding the factors that may be influencing the propagation and growth of Pterocarpus species.This study was carried out to assess the effect of soil types and season on the rooting ability of stem cuttings of Pterocarpus tree species. Five-centimeter-long leafy stem cuttings of near uniform diameter were collected randomly from healthy parent trees of the selected Pterocarpus tree species ( P. mildbraedii , P. santalinoides and P. soyauxii ). The cuttings were collected in the morning using secateurs and cutlass, and then placed in humid plastic bags to minimize heat stress till they were planted. A 3 x 2 factorial experiment in RCBD with ten replicates was used to assess the rooting ability and growth pattern of the stem cuttings. From this study, it was observed that season and soil type played important roles in the rooting percentage of the three plants studied. From this study, it was observed that most growth parameters were better on clay soil during the dry season except for the shoot length of P. mildbraedii and the leaf area of P. soyauxii cuttings planted on loamy soil. The plant species type, soil type and the treatment interactions had significant effect ( P ≤0.001) on leaf number, shoot length, leaf length, root length and shoot fresh weight. It was also observed that clay soil supported growth of the three Pterocarpus species studied over the loamy soil during the rainy season study with the exception of P. santalinoides which recorded higher values for leaf number (24), shoot length (5.19cm) and leaf area of P. mildbraedii (4.45cm) on loamy soil. In conclusion, the growth performances of the three plant species studied were observed to be higher on clay soil than on loamy soil, especially during the rainy season. This could be because of the natural ability of the soil to retain water whereas; the cases when the loamy soil did better could be attributed to the abundant availability of soil nutrients. It is recommended from the success of this research that clay soil should be used as a growth medium for the vegetative propagation of the selected Pterocarpus species studied. This will help in the multiplication of Pterocarpus species from cuttings since the seeds are either seasonal or scarce. Also, this could improve the multiplication and development of Pterocarpus species plantation in the humid tropics like in Nigeria. Keywords: Pterocarpus species, Clay, Loamy soil, Seasons, Plant growth parameters
Demonstration and Popularization of Improved Oat Varieties/Accessions at the Highland of Guji Zone High Land, Ethiopia

This experiment was conducted with the objectives of to demonstrating and popularizing recommend improved Oat accessions/varieties to the area and to assess farmers preference for the improved Oat cultivars as a feed for livestock production in Guji Zone high land parts. The experiment was laid out in simple plot with size of 10 X10 m under four kebele's of eight farmers two each kebele's of Bore and Ana Sora districts. The materials used for this experiment was CI-8251, CI-8235, 79Ab384 (TX) 80SA95, Lampton, SRCPX80Ab2291and SRCPX80Ab2806 oat accessions. Data was recorded for plant height, maturity date, 50% flowering date, seed yield, diseases reaction, lodging, green fodder yield and farmers preferences. The varieties differed in yield and yield related parameters. Accession CI-8251 produced significantly higher green forage yield (73.13 ton/ha) followed by SRCPX80Ab2806 and 79Ab384 (TX) 80SA95 which was 64.05 and 61.65 ton/ha respectively, the variety lampton recorded lowest green forage yield (55.0 ton/ha) might be due to high lodging and diseases. The highest seed yield (31.34qt/ha) was obtained from SRCPX80Ab2806 accession followed by 79Ab384 (TX) 80SA95 and CI-8235 (31.15qt/ha and 30.65qt/ha) respectively while lampton variety gives only 22.94qt/ha was the lowest yield. The tallest plants (184.5 cm) recorded from Lampton followed by CI-8251 (175.5 cm) and 79Ab384 (TX) 80SA95 (161.25 cm) and minimum (147.75, 154.75cm) from SRCPX80Ab2806 and SRCPX80Ab2291 respectively. Based on their own evaluation criteria, farmers grouped SRCPX80Ab2806 and 79Ab384 (TX) 80SA95 in the first rank; CI-8251 in the second; SRCPX80Ab2291 in the third; CI-8235 and lampton ranked as last. Lampton variety was the most susceptible and have low resistance to disease and no diseases was recorded from accession CI-8251. Low diseases was recorded from 79Ab384 (TX) 80SA95 and SRCPX80Ab 22 91, but resistance to disease and give good yield and yield components. Hence accessions SRCPX80Ab2806, CI-8251 and 79Ab384 (TX) 80SA95 proved its superiority over all the other varieties included in the experiment and could popularized with the same agro-ecology of the zone and other parts of the country. Keywords: diseases resistance, forage yield, oats, Seed yield DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-5-05 Publication date :March 31 st 2019
Improved propagation methods for GAC (Momordica Cochinchinensis Spreng.)

Abstract Gac is a dioecious tropical and perennial climber. The fruit is a rich source of carotenoids and is used in traditional cuisine and medicine. Improving propagation methods using simple techniques would increase production and improve conservation in regional areas. This study evaluated temperature requirements for seed germination, the use of rooting hormones to strike female cuttings and the grafting of female scions onto seedling rootstock. Seed germination was optimised between 25 and 35 °C, with a maximum germination percentage of 91% at 30 °C. However, increasing storage time from 6 to 18 months under laboratory conditions (21 ± 1°C and 60% relative humidity) reduced germination and this was associated with seed weight loss, highlighting the need to develop storage guidelines, particularly for the higher temperature and humidity conditions where Gac is grown. Survival of softwood cuttings was improved from 53 to 77% with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (3–5 g/L) and semi-hardwood cuttings did not require IBA treatment. Both splice and wedge grafting techniques achieved a survival rate > 53% and with the youngest rootstock (4 and 8 weeks) this increased to > 85%. Further work could investigate the production potential of crops using cuttings and grafted plants.
Extent and drivers of vegetation type conversion in Southern California chaparral

The native chaparral shrublands of Southern California support exceptional biodiversity and provide critical ecological services, but increased fire frequency threatens to extirpate much of the chaparral due to long regeneration times needed between fires for many species. When short fire intervals inhibit shrub recovery, this favors invasion of exotic herbaceous species, and vegetation type conversion from woody shrubs to grassland is therefore a serious ecological concern in this biodiversity hotspot. Despite a history of field studies documenting the detrimental effect of short‐interval fire, the extent of vegetation type conversion and the conditions under which it occurs have not been documented at a landscape scale. Our objective was thus to provide an unbiased assessment of how and how much vegetation type conversion is occurring in Southern California chaparral. We used a chronosequence of aerial photographs to quantify percentage woody and herbaceous cover change from 1953 to 2016 across randomly sampled plots in San Diego County, then related conversion and decline to a range of explanatory variables including fire, proximity to human disturbance, and biophysical landscape characteristics. Within the 63‐yr study period, there was substantial net woody cover loss, and in the plots that were initially more than 75% woody cover in 1953, 59% experienced a decline, with a mean woody cover loss of 22.5%. Of these, 28% heavily type‐converted to the point that herbaceous vegetation covered more than 50% of the plot. The top drivers for woody conversion and decline included a fire interval shorter than 15 yr and total number of fires, actual evapotranspiration, and elevation. Although human land use variables were not strong independent contributors to either chaparral conversion or decline, 26% of the initial vegetated plots were directly converted to development or other human disturbance types. The combination of direct habitat loss and unintentional vegetation type conversion represents a substantial ecological impact in Southern California that can have far‐reaching impacts via loss of ecological services and by increasing the flammability of the landscape in general. Efforts to reduce fire frequency will be key to preventing further losses.
Towing a Float Decreases Swim Speed but Does Not Affect Swimming Behavior During Offshore Swimming in Sea Turtle Hatchlings

Swimming behavior and speed of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) hatchlings swimming offshore were compared between individuals that were free swimming and the same individuals towing a float. Towing a float did not influence swimming behavior in either species, but decreased swimming speed by 20% in green turtles and 50% in hawksbill turtles.
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE PARTICLES VIA SILANIZATION UNDER PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN/POTATO-STARCH FILMS

In this work we present a simple way to improve the dispersion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles inside chitosan/potato-starch films by chemical modification of the surface of these nanoparticles via silanization. The films increased in luminosity due to the modified particles, in addition to the fact that the water activity remained within the acceptable values for microbial nonproliferation. The thermal analyzes indicated that the addition of TiO2 increases the glass transition temperature in the film, and the addition of functional groups such as those of the silane, give mobility to the polymer chains during the rise in temperature. The mobility of the polymer s related to a decrease in the value of the temperature necessary to reach a vitreous state in the films that contains silanized particles. The most important result was that the existence of these functional groups reduced the enthalpy of decomposition of the films making them more stable for thermal degradation. The photo-oxidation results suggested the passivate of TiO2 thanks to th presence of silane, which implies that it is a more stable film against UV radiation, avoiding the negative effect of unmodified TiO2 particles.
Effect of Methanolic Extract of Vernonia amygdalina Leaves on Glycemic and Lipidaemic Indexes of Wistar Rats

Aim: This study sought to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaves on glycemic and lipidaemic indexes of Wistar rats. Methods: Fresh plants of V. amygdalina were harvested from the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan. The leaves were dried and extracted using soxhlet apparatus and methanol was used as the solvent. The solvent was recovered in a rotary evaporator at 35°C with a yield of 2.24 g which represents a percentage yield of 8.96%. Ten adult male Wistar rats with body weight between 100 and 120 g were used for this study. They were randomly divided into two groups of five rats each. Animals in group 1 were administered normal saline while those in group 2 were administered V. amygdalina extract. The animals were exposed to the extract and saline solution at a dose of 3 mL per 100 g body weight 12 hourly via oral route of administration. After fourteen days of administration, the animals were fasted overnight and anaesthetized using diethyl ether. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. Fasting blood sugar and lipid profile were determined using standard methods. Results: V. amygdalina leaves was observed to significantly lower fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride and VLDL-cholesterol but had no significant effect on the concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio when compared to those of the control group at p<0.05. Conclusion: The lowering effect of V. amygdalina leaves on fasting blood sugar indicated that it has the propensity to be antidiabetic. Its effect on total cholesterol and triglyceride showed that V. amygdalina leaves could be useful in the control of obesity and hypertension.
Genetic Polymorphism of SCD1 Gene of Holstein-Friesian Cows in Indonesia

Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) belongs to the fatty acid family of desaturases. In lactating ruminants, the SCD1 protein is highly expressed in the mammary gland and is relevant for the fatty acid composition of milk and dairy products. Polymorphism of SCD1 gene in Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows could be used as a basis of molecular selection of cattle in order to increase their productivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of SCD1 gene of Holstein-Friesian cows in Indonesia. A total of 162 blood samples of HF cows were collected from four different locations i.e. Bogor, Sukabumi, Tasikmalaya and Enrekang districts. Genotyping of SCD1 gene used PCR-RFLP method with NcoI restriction enzyme. The result showed that three genotypes (AA, AV and VV) and two alleles (A and V) have successfully found and polymorphic. A allele was dominant in all populations (0.63) and in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. The highest A allele was found in Sukabumi (0.78) and the lowest was in Bogor (0.55). Heterozigosity observed and expected reached 0.471 and 0.470, respectively. In conclusion, genetic polymorphism was found in all population with dominant of A allele. This finding can be used as a early genetic information of Holstein-Friesian cattle in Indonesia and to build breeding strategy for improving of productivity especially improving of healthy fat milk.
A questionnaire base survey on the knowledge, attitude and practices about antimicrobial resistance and usage among the faculty and resident doctor of teaching tertiary care hospital, Chittoor, India

Background: 10million could die every year due to antibiotic resistant infections by 2050 unless the threat is addressed. Irrational use of antibiotic use is a global phenomenon. So, 50% all anti bionics are prescribed, sold are dispensed inappropriately, while 50% of patients are not taking antibiotics correctly (WHO 2004). Methods: This was a cross section study it was a conducted in RVS institute, tertiary care teaching hospital. Chittoor. The questionnaire was distributed along the faculty resident doctors and senior faculty of this RVS institute Where their knowledge, attitude, practice regarding antibiotic prescription and resistance was assessed by a five point likert scale, whose response ranged from strongly agree to disagree. Some questionnaire were of useful or nor useful and yes or no.Results: Irrational prescription of antibiotics is worldwide problem and also in India was known to most of the physicians in our institute (n=95%) of participants. 80% subjects answered that prescription writing influenced by senior faculty and medical representatives. 50% subjects answered that antimicrobial resistance is a problem in daily practice.80 % subjects answered that most of the antibiotics available as over the counter drugs (OTC). Conclusions: This study concludes, prescription writing influences by senior faculty and medical representatives. It’s important to monitor and auditing prescription writing based on WHO Antibiotic guidelines to prevent resistance. Strict vigilance of OTC sales of antibiotics to prevent resistance.
Analysis of IGF-1 gene in ayam ketawa (Gallus gallus domesticus) with dangdut and slow type vocal characteristics

Abstract. Abinawanto, Sophian A, Lestari R, Bowolaksono A, Efendi PS, Afnan R. 2019. Analysis of IGF-1 gene in ayam ketawa (Gallus gallus domesticus) with dangdut and slow type vocal characteristics. Biodiversitas 20: 2004-2010. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is defined as an essential gene for growth. Therefore, this research aims to identify the polymorphism of the IGF-1 gene from ayam ketawa with the dangdut and slow type vocal characteristics. Twenty male chickens were selected as an animal model. The sample consisted of 10 chickens with the dangdut type and 10 chickens with the slow type. The chickens were all obtained from five areas of the Pinrang district. The RFLP and HRM methods were selected to be used in this research. Results showed that the IGF-1 gene was 622 bp in length, while polymorphism analysis showed that the dangdut and slow type are homozygotic. The unrestricted DNA fragment indicated it after reaction of the restriction enzyme Pst1. Moreover, it confirmed that ayam ketawa with the dangdut or slow type had a similar sequence.