Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire: A Validity Study with American Psychiatric Patients

Summary The Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ) was used as a screening test for psychiatric disorder in 169 new outpatients. The profile obtained on the six subscales of the MHQ was strikingly similar in this American sample compared to four previous British reports. The MHQ significantly differentiated between diagnostic groups, most particularly between neuroses and personality disorders. Moreover, 75 per cent of the patients could be correctly classified as either neurosis or personality disorder on the basis of their MHQ total and subscale scores. The MHQ appears to be particularly useful in identifying phobic disorders, and the phobia subscale consistently discriminated between anxiety-phobic states and other diagnostic groups.
Emergence of Frontiers in Networked Schelling Segregationist Models

The relation between individuality and aggregation is an important topic in complex systems sciences, both aspects being facets of emergence. This topic has frequently been addressed by adopting a classical, individual versus population level perspective. Here, however, the frontiers that emerge in segregated communities are the focus; segregation is synonymous with the existence of frontiers that delineate and interface aggregates. A generic agent-based model is defined, with which we simulate communities located on grid and scale-free networked environments. Emerging frontiers are analyzed in terms of their relative occupancy, porosity, and permeability. Results emphasize that the frontier is highly sensitive to the topology of the environment, not only to the agent tolerance. These relations are clarified while addressing the topics of frontier robustness and the trade-off between its capacity to separate and allow exchange.
IS MELANIN A DEFENSE AGAINST FEATHER-FEEDING LICE?

Abstract The adaptive basis of plumage color has received much attention, including the finding that color can reveal information about parasite loads to potential mates. A related possibility, that color may be a direct defense against parasites, has received less attention. Melanin makes feathers tough and more resistant to wear and tear. Melanin may also make feathers more difficult for feather-feeding parasites to eat. We explored the role of melanin as a possible ectoparasite defense using Rock Pigeons (Columba livia) and their feather-feeding lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). Rock Pigeons are an ideal species for such work because of the extreme variation in the feathers of different color morphs, ranging from melanin-rich black to melanin-free white individuals. We tested the effect of melanin on lice in several ways. First, we compared the natural louse loads of free-ranging pigeons to see whether the more melanistic color morphs had fewer lice. We also did laboratory assays in which we measured the survival and reproductive success of pigeon lice forced to feed on feathers with different amounts of melanin, and we compared the quantities of feather material consumed by these lice. Finally, we tested the habitat and feeding preferences of lice exposed to feathers with different amounts of melanin. None of our tests revealed any effect of melanin on lice. We conclude that melanin is not, at least in Rock Pigeons, a defense against feather lice. ¿Es la Melanina una Defensa Contra los Piojos que se Alimentan de Plumas?
A Coordinated Control Method for Leveling PV Output Power Fluctuations of PV–Diesel Hybrid Systems Connected to Isolated Power Utility

A photovoltaic (PV) system's power output is not constant and fluctuates depending on weather conditions. Fluctuating power causes frequency deviations and reduction in reliability of the isolated power utility or microgrid when large output power from several PV systems is penetrated in the utility. In this paper, to overcome these problems, a simple coordinated control method for leveling the fluctuations of combined power output from multiple PV systems is proposed. The conflicting objective of output power leveling and acquisition power increase is achieved by means of the proposed method. Here, output power command is generated in two steps: central and local. Fuzzy reasoning is used to generate the central leveling output power command considering insolation, variance of insolation, and absolute average of frequency deviation. In local step, a simple coordination is maintained between central power command and local power commands by producing a common tuning factor. Power converters are used to achieve the same output power as local command power employing PI control law for each of the PV generation systems. The proposed method is compared with the method where a modified maximum power point tracking control is used for smoothing the short-term change in each of the PV system's output. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective for leveling output power fluctuations and feasible to reduce the frequency deviations of the isolated power utility to maintain reliability.
Regulation of adhesion behavior of murine macrophage using supported lipid membranes displaying tunable mannose domains

Highly uniform, strongly correlated domains of synthetically designed lipids can be incorporated into supported lipid membranes. The systematic characterization of membranes displaying a variety of domains revealed that the equilibrium size of domains significantly depends on the length of fluorocarbon chains, which can be quantitatively interpreted within the framework of an equivalent dipole model. A mono-dispersive, narrow size distribution of the domains enables us to treat the inter-domain correlations as two-dimensional colloidal crystallization and calculate the potentials of mean force. The obtained results demonstrated that both size and inter-domain correlation can precisely be controlled by the molecular structures. By coupling α-D-mannose to lipid head groups, we studied the adhesion behavior of the murine macrophage (J774A.1) on supported membranes. Specific adhesion and spreading of macrophages showed a clear dependence on the density of functional lipids. The obtained results suggest that such synthetic lipid domains can be used as a defined platform to study how cells sense the size and distribution of functional molecules during adhesion and spreading.
Caloric Requirements and Food Consumption Puzzles of the Poor

We combine detailed time-use and anthropometric data to estimate householdlevel caloric requirements in India. We use our estimates to explore how variation in caloric requirements and expenditures across households shape food conusmption patterns and shed new light on questions of household caloric adequacy and welfare. Our analysis indicates that the share of staples in total calories or food expenditures outperforms the budget share of food or per capita expenditures as a predictor of caloric adequacy. We use our estimates to consider the Deaton and Paxson (1998) “puzzle” of lower measured caloric intake per capita for larger households. We show that larger households economize on home and market production as well as travel time, lowering activity levels and reducing their need for calories by enough to explain a large part of the measured difference in caloric intake. We also use our estimates to consider the Deaton and Dreze (2009) “puzzle” of declining measured caloric intake in India over the 1983-2005 period. Our quantitative results suggest that over the entire period, demographic changes that raised caloric requirements mostly offset changes in home and market production patterns that reduced caloric requirements, with a net effect close to zero. Our findings highlight the potential usefulness of quantitative measures of caloric requirements when assessing household welfare in light of differences in food consumption and potential measurement error. ∗Corresponding author: nick.li@utoronto.ca. We would like to thank Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, Chang-Tai Hsieh, Ronald Lee, and Ted Miguel for their comments and suggestions. We also thank Gustavo Bobonis, Stephan Litschig, Daniel Lafave, Pranab Bardhan, Tom Vogl, Anne Case, Jeff Hammer, as well as participants of the U.C. Berkeley Development Seminar, the Center for Health and Well-being seminar at Princeton University, University of Toronto applied micro seminar, North East Universities Development Consortium (NEUDC) conference and Population Association of America (PAA) conference. Lucas Parker provided outstanding research assistance. Nicholas Li gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the U.C. Berkeley Institute for Business and Economics Research, and the Center for Equitable Growth. Shari Eli gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the NICHD grant T32-HD007275 and NIA grant T32-AG000246.
Snowball sampling consumer behaviour research to characterise the influence of market mavens on social networks

Market maven is a type of consumers who spread their capricious knowledge widely. Although the existence of market mavens has been known, our research is the first to characterise their disposition and role on social networks. We carried out researches about consumer behaviour and social networks, applying snowball sampling technique, an ideal way to acquire samples of influential individuals. Market mavens were included more among influential respondents. In addition, by the analysis of social network structure, market mavens were found to be taking part in more groups of people and therefore act as a bridge between groups that spreads information from one to others. These results revealed the market mavens' influence in diffusion processes.
Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: Diffusion-Perfusion MRI Characterization of Tissue Salvage in Patients Receiving Intra-Arterial Stroke Therapies

Background and Purpose— Diffusion-perfusion MRI in patients with anterior circulation occlusions has demonstrated salvage of threatened tissue after thrombolytic therapy. Similar studies have not been reported with posterior circulation occlusions. Methods— Patients with acute basilar artery occlusion treated with intra-arterial thrombolytics were studied with multimodal MRI before treatment, several hours after treatment, and at day 7. Results— Ten patients were studied (9 men, 1 woman). Mean age was 70 years, and median pretreatment National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 14. In 6 patients imaged before treatment and at day 7, mean pretreatment diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion volume was 11 cm3, and day 7, lesion volume was 2.6 cm3. Significant mismatch was visualized in all 5 patients with pretreatment perfusion-diffusion imaging (mean, 73%; range, 49% to 99%). Late imaging obtained in 4 of these 5 patients demonstrated that mean posttreatment DWI lesion volume (21 cm3) was less than the mean initial perfusion lesion volume (62 cm3). Although there was no direct correlation between pretreatment DWI volume and initial NIHSS (r =−0.113), there was good correlation between pretreatment perfusion-weighted imaging volume and initial NIHSS (r =0.72). Conclusions— In this first report of diffusion-perfusion MRI in patients with acute basilar artery occlusions treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis, significant mismatch was visualized on pretreatment studies, suggesting that large volumes of salvageable tissue were present. Final infarct volumes were smaller than pretreatment perfusion volumes, suggesting that substantial volumes of tissue were salvaged by thrombolytic reperfusion.
A Finite Difference Model of Linear Induction Motors, Raking into Account the Finite Length of Iron.

The electromagnetic equations of the motor are written, then transformed by the finite difference technique. Both the infinite extent of the secondary and the finite extent of the iron are taken into account by the partition method. Actual width of the iron and the secondary are considered. Most of the unknowns are eleminated by the use of a transmission matrix ; thus, the final system of algebric equations is small enough to be solved by a classical inversion technique. An interesting correspondance is established between the eigenvalues of the transmission matrix and the poles of some expressions which are obtained when Fourier transform technique is used.
The Sound of Concepts: Four Markers for a Link between Auditory and Conceptual Brain Systems

Traditionally, concepts are conceived as abstract mental entities distinct from perceptual or motor brain systems. However, recent results let assume modality-specific representations of concepts. The ultimate test for grounding concepts in perception requires the fulfillment of the following four markers: conceptual processing during (1) an implicit task should activate (2) a perceptual region (3) rapidly and (4) selectively. Here, we show using functional magnetic resonance imaging and recordings of event-related potentials, that acoustic conceptual features recruit auditory brain areas even when implicitly presented through visual words. Fulfilling the four markers, the findings of our study unequivocally link the auditory and conceptual brain systems: recognition of words denoting objects, for which acoustic features are highly relevant (e.g.,“telephone”), ignited cell assemblies in posterior superior and middle temporal gyri (pSTG/MTG) within 150 ms that were also activated by sound perception. Importantly, activity within a cluster of pSTG/MTG increased selectively as a function of acoustic, but not of visual and action-related feature relevance. The implicitness of the conceptual task, the selective modulation of left pSTG/MTG activity by acoustic feature relevance, the early onset of this activity at 150 ms and its anatomical overlap with perceptual sound processing are four markers for a modality-specific representation of auditory conceptual features in left pSTG/MTG. Our results therefore provide the first direct evidence for a link between perceptual and conceptual acoustic processing. They demonstrate that access to concepts involves a partial reinstatement of brain activity during the perception of objects.
In vivo studies to highlight possible illegal treatments of rabbits with carbadox and olaquindox

For the treatment of rabbit dysentery and bacterial enteritis, veterinary practitioners often adopt veterinary medicinal products authorised for other food-producing species, but in some cases non-authorised drugs frequently used in the past, such as carbadox and olaquindox, might be illegally adopted. To verify the carbadox and olaquindox distribution and persistence in rabbit tissues, two independent in vivo studies were carried out. In the first study, 24 healthy rabbits received water medicated with carbadox at 100 mg l−1 over a period 28 days, whereas in the second one, 24 healthy rabbits were administered water containing olaquindox at 100 mg l−1. In each study rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups to be sacrificed respectively at 0, 5, 10 and 20 days from treatment withdrawal, for depletion studies. A control group of six animals was adopted for control and as a reservoir of blank tissues. Muscle and liver samples collected from each treated animal were stored at −20°C pending the analysis. Sensitive and robust liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analytical methods were set up for the parent compounds and their main metabolites quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid, desoxycarbadox and 3-methylquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid to verify their residual. Data collected demonstrate that the combination of liver as target matrix, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid and 3-methylquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid as marker residue and enzymatic digestion is strategic to evidence carbadox and/or olaquindox illegal treatments in rabbits, even 20 days after treatment withdrawal at concentration levels higher than 0.5 µg kg−1. This findings suggests that liver should be proposed as target matrix for official control in national monitoring plan.
Absorption and excretion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in man.

Abstract1. Absorption and urinary excretion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) have been studied in six subjects following oral ingestion (5 mg/kg). 2. 2,4-D is quickly absorbed; significant quantities were detected in plasma 1 h after ingestion.3. 75% of the administered dose of 2,4-D is excreted unchanged in the urine in 96 h after administration.4. Lack of metabolic transformation and rapid excretion suggest that cumulative toxicity by 2,4-D is unlikely.
Staphylococcal toxin‐induced T cell proliferation in atopic eczema correlates with increased use of superantigen‐reactive Vβ‐chains in cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen (CLA)‐positive lymphocytes

Staphylococcal superantigens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). This may occur through superantigenic activation of T lymphocytes and their subsequent induction of the skin homing receptor CLA on activated cells. We investigated the proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 10 patients with an infective exacerbation of AD and six normal controls to the staphylococcal superantigens, staphylococcal enterotoxin A and B (SEA, SEB) and toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 (TSST‐1), and the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). We also assessed CLA and T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ‐chain expression by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry before and after stimulation. PBMC from AD patients showed two‐fold increased proliferation to SEA and SEB (P < 0·01) compared with normals, whereas the response to mitogenic stimulation was identical. Analysis of (TCR) Vβ‐chain expression demonstrated increased use of superantigen‐reactive Vβ families in freshly isolated PBMC in AD patients compared with controls. This pattern of Vβ‐chain expression was only observed in the CLA+ but not the total population of T cells. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the enhanced PBMC proliferative response and increased expression of superantigen‐reactive Vβ families in atopic patients. These data support the concept that superantigens are important in the pathogenesis of this common condition, and also provide evidence that the increased use of certain Vβ families in circulating, CLA+, skin homing lymphocytes is of functional significance.
Persistence of immunological memory to soluble protein antigens.

The ability of rabbits to make a secondary response to certain protein antigens declines either not at all or very slowly with increase in time. The amount of precipitating antibody produced following a second injection of haemocyanin is the same whether the injection is given 2, 7 or 20 months after the primary injection. With BSA, the amount of precipitating antibody produced was the same when the second injection was given either 2 or 7 months after the primary injection, but rabbits given the second injection 20 months after the first produced 40 per cent less precipitating antibody. The level of binding anti-BSA (measured by ammonium sulphate precipitation) produced was not markedly different when the second injection was given, 2, 7 or 20 months after the first injection. Synthesis of antibody persisted in many of the rabbits for as long as 20 months after a single intravenous injection of either haemocyanin or BSA. The antibody to haemocyanin could be detected by precipitation whereas the ammonium sulphate technique had to be used to detect the antibody to BSA.
Positive versus negative signaling by lymphocyte antigen receptors.

Antigen receptors on lymphocytes play a central role in immune regulation by transmitting signals that positively or negatively regulate lymphocyte survival, migration, growth, and differentiation. This review focuses on how opposing positive or negative cellular responses are brought about by antigen receptor signaling. Four types of extracellular inputs shape the response to antigen: (a) the concentration of antigen; (b) the avidity with which antigen is bound; (c) the timing and duration of antigen encounter; and (d) the association of antigen with costimuli from pathogens, the innate immune system, or other lymphocytes. Intracellular signaling by antigen receptors is not an all-or-none event, and these external variables alter both the quantity and quality of signaling. Recent findings in B lymphocytes have clearly illustrated that these external inputs affect the magnitude and duration of the intracellular calcium response, which in turn contributes to differential triggering of the transcriptional regulators NF kappa B, JNK, NFAT, and ERK. The regulation of calcium responses involves a network of tyrosine kinases (e.g. lyn, syk), tyrosine or lipid phosphatases (CD45, SHP-1, SHIP), and accessory molecules (CD21/CD19, CD22, FcR gamma 2b). Understanding the biochemistry and logic behind these integrative processes will allow development of more selective and efficient pharmaceuticals that suppress, modify, or augment immune responses in autoimmunity, transplantation, allergy, vaccines, and cancer.
The stories of our fathers : men’s recovery from intergenerational wounds

This study investigated the narratives of recovery for men who have been injured in their relationship with their father. Six men participated in the study and each man reported that they had been injured in their relationship with their father and have therapeutically engaged in the process of recovery. These men worked with the researcher towards the co-construction of their narrative of recovery and this provided an in-depth examination of the men's subjective experiences. Six narratives were written in the first person focusing on the process of recovery. Each narrative was co-analyzed with individual participants by using Arvay’s (2003) Collaborative Narrative Method. Narratives were returned to the respective co-researcher in order to evaluate the worth of the study. The study explored the process of recovery in the unique personal context in which it occurred and provided concrete examples of what the recovery process is actually like. In order to uncover the patterns of recovery, a cross narrative theme analysis was conducted that revealed six primary patterns of recovery. The results show that there may be a convergence of trauma for men when developmental trauma and masculine gender role trauma intersect. The narrative patterns of recovery that emerge help highlight and provide critical components of treatment and recovery for men who experience this convergence of trauma.
Chaotic Analysis of a Mechanical Oscillator With Bistable Potential by Poincare Mapping and Phase Space Analysis

The purpose of this lab was to determine the effect that various damping and periodic driving parameters have on a Duffing mechanical oscillator with two different potential wells. This was done by experimenting with variations in the system and deriving the equation of motion for the system, ẍ + γẋ = αx − βx + a sin (ωt), which describes the general motion of the system. The equation of motion includes definition of the initial parameters of the system, making it possible to make reasonable predictions about the motion of the system over time. Conclusively, two stable fixed points were identified and one unstable fixed point was identified. At these points the system is able to stay at rest when under particular initial conditions and without the influence of an exterior force actively driving the system. I discovered that when the amplitude of this specific system is increased from 4.84 V to 5.27 V the range of velocities and positions also increased for the system. Also, increasing the damping parameter of the system from 2.35 cm to 1.30 cm caused the system to reach a non chaotic limit. The initial parameters of the system caused large variations in motion that included changing in velocity around the equilibrium points and changing in the position limits.