Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the verification of adaptive three-dimensional multiresolution computations of the magneto hydrodynamic equations

Magnetohydrodynamics is an important tool to study the dynamics of plasma Space Physics. In this context, we introduce a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic solver with divergence-cleaning in the adaptive multiresolution CARMEN code. The numerical scheme is based on a finite volume discretization that ensures the conservation of physical quantities. The adaptive multiresolution approach allows for automatic identification of local structures in the numerical solution and thus provides an adaptive mesh refined only in regions where the solution needs more improved resolution. We assess the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic CARMEN code and compare its results with the ones from the well-known FLASH code.
Internal Model-Based Current Control of the RL Filter-Based Voltage-Sourced Converter

Power system operates close to its operational limit to achieve a higher level of utilization of the grid infrastructure. As a result, its transient behavior is of great importance to prevent violation of the operation limits. This paper proposes an internal model control (IMC)-based approach for voltage-sourced converters (VSC) to improve their dynamic behavior. This IMC controller is designed based on a detailed model of the VSC. The proposed control approach has superior performance, i.e., faster step response and less overshoot, and higher axes decoupling than the conventional dq-current control method. The proposed IMC-based controller has a straightforward design procedure, and can be implemented using simple PI and PID controllers. Several case studies are presented to evaluate and compare the transient performance of the IMC-based controller with conventional dq current control subsequent to step changes in the set points of direct and quadrature axes current, single-phase fault, and three-phase fault.
Quasi-regular X-Ray Bursts from GRS 1915+105 Observed with the IXAE: Possible Evidence for Matter Disappearing into the Event Horizon of the Black Hole

Three different types of very intense, quasi-regular X-ray bursts have been observed from the Galactic superluminal X-ray transient source GRS 1915+105 with the pointed proportional counters of the Indian X-Ray Astronomy Experiment on board the Indian satellite IRS-P3. The observations were carried out from 1997 June 12 to 29 in the energy range of 2-18 keV and revealed the presence of persistent quasi-regular bursts with different structures. Only one of the three types of bursts is regular in occurrence, revealing a stable profile over extended durations. The regular bursts have an exponential rise with a timescale of about 7-10 s and a sharp linear decay in 2-3 s. The X-ray spectrum becomes progressively harder as the burst evolves, and it is the hardest near the end of the burst decay. The profile and energetics of the bursts in this black hole candidate source are distinct from both the type I and type II X-ray bursts observed in neutron star sources. We propose that the sharp decay in the observed burst pattern is a signature of the disappearance of matter through the black hole horizon. The regular pattern of the bursts can be produced by material influx into the inner disk that is due to oscillations in a shock front far away from the compact object.
History and local management of a biodiversity-rich, urban cultural landscape

Urban green spaces provide socially valuable ecosystem services. Through an historical analysis of the development of the National Urban Park (NUP) of Stockholm, we illustrate how the co- evolutionary process of humans and nature has resulted in the high level of biological diversity and associated recreational services found in the park. The ecological values of the area are generated in the cultural landscape. External pressures resulting in urban sprawl in the Stockholm metropolitan region increasingly challenge the capacity of the NUP to continue to generate valuable ecosystem services. Setting aside protected areas, without accounting for the role of human stewardship of the cultural landscape, will most likely fail. In a social inventory of the area, we identify 69 local user and interest groups currently involved in the NUP area. Of these, 25 are local stewardship associations that have a direct role in managing habitats within the park that sustain such services as recreational landscapes, seed dispersal, and pollination. We propose that incentives should be created to widen the current biodiversity management paradigm, and actively engage local stewardship associations in adaptive co-management processes of the park and surrounding green spaces.
Non-Homothetic Import Demand: Firm Productivity and Quality Bias

We use French microdata to learn about the behavior of importers. We look at the data through the lens of a model of importing that features complementarities across imported inputs, variety-specific fixed costs and factor neutral productivity. The model is general enough to nest most of the existing frameworks of importing. We show that, in contrast to models of exporting, the theory has no general predictions for the extensive margin of importing. In particular, if foreign inputs are imperfectly substitutable, more productive firms do not necessarily enter more foreign markets than their less productive counterparts. In contrast, the intensive margin of importing features a robust testable prediction: holding the extensive margin fixed, expenditure shares across products and varieties are fully determined by price-adjusted qualities, that is, by characteristics of the supplying country. In particular, firm productivity should not aect relative input demand once the extensive margin is controlled for. Our main contribution lies in providing a careful test of this homotheticity prediction. We show that this property is not supported by the data. The particular direction in which the theory is rejected is economically meaningful: holding the extensive margin fixed, larger firms spend relatively more on their most important variety. We provide three mechanisms how available models of importing could be made consistent with this fact: a complementarity between input quality and firm productivity, a search process by which larger firms search for foreign suppliers more intensively, and the presence of intra-firm trade.
Geographic structure in the searching behaviour of a specialist parasitoid: combining molecular and behavioural approaches

An increasing number of studies have shown that the traits important to species interactions may differ geographically among populations or groups of populations within a single interacting species. We examined geographic structure in the searching behaviour of a recently discovered parasitoid in the genus Agathis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) by examining the pattern of population structure obtained from sequence data of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I and the pattern of population differentiation in female searching behaviour. Analyses of population structure showed no isolation by distance and suggested long distance dispersal among populations. This pattern is consistent with recent post‐glacial expansion of Agathis n. sp. Observations of searching behaviour demonstrated that populations of Agathis n. sp. differed in a subset of the behavioural traits examined and also one morphological trait. These population differences appear to be driven in part by local host plant characteristics, and based on the population structure of Agathis n. sp. , have arisen relatively quickly in evolutionary time. This study suggests that the interaction between parasitoids and their host insects may exhibit substantial geographic variation, and studies that focus at the level of single populations or the species‐level may be missing much of the evolutionary dynamics of parasitoid–host interactions.
Some Naturally Occurring Substances : Food Items and Constituents , Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Mycotoxins

We recently reviewed the information from the pathology files, and classified all 354 patients from our case-control study according to the anatomic subsite of their cancer. We found 29 cases (9.4 percent) with cancer of the gastric cardia, with a high mate predominance. The male:female ratio was 3.8 compared with 1.8 for other anatomic sites. No difference in histologic types was observed by site. When the data were re-analyzed by anatomic site, a positive association with alcohol intake was observed for adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia (Table 1). After adjustment for covariates (calories and diet) the odds ratio (OR) was 2.8 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]--0.5-14.8) for moderate drinkers and 4.9 (CI -0.7-36.3) for heavy drinkers in relation to nondrinkers. A significant increase in risk with a doseresponse relationship was found for intake of wine (the most widespread alcoholic beverage) but this association was not observed for the other anatomic subsites. It was not possible to measure the association with beer due to the small number of beer drinkers within this subset of cases and controls. Cigarette smoking was unrelated to gastric cardia cancer in our study (OR = 0.6, CI -0.2-1.9 for ever-smokers relative to nonsmokers). Dietary factors associated with cardia tumors were the same as those found for gastric cancer. 5 Our results suggest that wine consumption could increase the risk of gastric cardia cancer, but, given the relatively low number of cases, this finding should be taken as merely indicative. Carlos A. Gonz~lez Antonio Agudo Joan Montes Institute for Epidemiology and Clinical Research c. Jordi Joan 5 08301 Matar6, Spain Elio Riboli International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon, France J. Miguel Sanz Hospital del INSALUD Soria, Spain
A Dynamic Model of Health, Education, and Wealth with Credit Constraints and Rational Addiction

This paper develops and structurally estimates a life-cycle model where health, education, and wealth are endogenous accumulated processes depending on the history of an individual's optimal behaviors, on parental factors, and on cognitive and noncognitive abilities. The model investigates different pathways between education, health, and wealth by introducing endogenous human capital production, health production, and addictive preferences of unhealthy behavior in the presence of credit constraints. The effects of education on health include both the direct benefits of improving health production efficiency and the indirect benefits of reducing unhealthy behavior and raising earnings. Using data from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 97, we estimate the model using a two-step estimation procedure based on factor analysis and simulated method of moments. Using estimated model, we quantify the relative importance of socioeconomic determinants of human capital inequality and health inequality. We also use to model to conduct counterfactual policy experiments.
Fluid-Structure Interaction Models of Bicuspid Aortic Valves : The Effects of Non-Fused Cusp Angles

Karin Lavon, Rotem Halevi, Gil Marom, Sagit Ben Zekry, Ashraf Hamdan, Hans Joachim Schäfers, Ehud Raanani and Rami Haj-Ali 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 2 Biomedical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, 11794, NY, USA 3 Echocardiography Laboratory, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Israel 4 Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospitals of Saarland, Homburg, Germany 6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Israel
Measuring Financial Inclusion: An Axiomatic Approach

This paper clearly demonstrates that the axiomatic measurement approach developed in the human development literature can be usefully applied to the measurement of financial inclusion. A conceptual framework for aggregating data on financial services in different dimensions is developed. The suggested index of financial inclusion allows calculation of percentage contributions of different dimensions to the overall achievement. This in turn enables us to identify the dimensions of inclusion that are more/less susceptible to overall inclusion and hence to isolate the dimensions that deserve attention from a policy perspective. The paper also illustrates the index using cross-country and sub-national level data.
HD 183648: a Kepler eclipsing binary with anomalous ellipsoidal variations and a pulsating component

KIC 8560861 (HD 183648) is a marginally eccentric (e=0.05) eclipsing binary with an orbital period of P_orb=31.973d, exhibiting mmag amplitude pulsations on time scales of a few days. We present the results of the complex analysis of high and medium-resolution spectroscopic data and Kepler Q0 -- Q16 long cadence photometry. The iterative combination of spectral disentangling, atmospheric analysis, radial velocity and eclipse timing variation studies, separation of pulsational features of the light curve, and binary light curve analysis led to the accurate determination of the fundamental stellar parameters. We found that the binary is composed of two main sequence stars with an age of 0.9\+-0.2 Gyr, having masses, radii and temperatures of M_1=1.93+-0.12 M_sun, R_1=3.30+-0.07 R_sun, T_eff1=7650+-100 K for the primary, and M_2=1.06+-0.08 M_sun, R_2=1.11+-0.03 R_sun, T_eff2=6450+-100 K for the secondary. After subtracting the binary model, we found three independent frequencies, two of which are separated by twice the orbital frequency. We also found an enigmatic half orbital period sinusoidal variation that we attribute to an anomalous ellipsoidal effect. Both of these observations indicate that tidal effects are strongly influencing the luminosity variations of HD 183648. The analysis of the eclipse timing variations revealed both a parabolic trend, and apsidal motion with a period of (P_apse)_obs=10,400+-3,000 y, which is three times faster than what is theoretically expected. These findings might indicate the presence of a distant, unseen companion.
An Empirical Evaluation of Social Influence Metrics by Nikhil Nanda Kumar A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Approved June 2016 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Paulo Shakarian, Chair

Predicting when an individual will adopt a new behavior is an important problem in application domains such as marketing and public health. This thesis examines the performance of a wide variety of social network based measurements proposed in the literature which have not been previously compared directly. This research studies the probability of an individual becoming influenced based on measurements derived from neighborhood (i.e. number of influencers, personal network exposure), structural diversity, locality, temporal measures, cascade measures, and metadata. It also examines the ability to predict influence based on choice of the classifier and how the ratio of positive to negative samples in both training and testing affect prediction results further enabling practical use of these concepts for social influence applications.
Effectiveness of micronizing zinc borate to improve its fungicidal properties

The effectiveness was evaluated for an established wood preservative, zinc borate, prepared in an agitating bead mill to extensively reduce its particle size. The generated micro- or nano-particles of zinc borate were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, and the particle size distribution was determined to evaluate the effect of milling. Then the fungicidal effectiveness of the zinc borate of both milled and unmilled samples were assayed against brown- and white-rot fungi, on culture medium and on conifer and hardwood as substrates. Treated wood samples were subjected to leaching tests. Scanning electron microscopic images of wood samples were examined to analyze the distribution of zinc borate within the wood. The micronized zinc product kept its crystal structure intact, and it increased the proportion of particles with diameters below 100 nm by 25% when compared to the unmilled product. Malt extract-agar medium supplemented with 2.5% of w/w milled and unmilled zinc borate inhibited fungal growth tested. Both milled and unmilled zinc borate protected the wood when not subjected to leaching. The milled sample of zinc borate improved resistance to leaching, which would allow its application in environments of high moisture content; however, it did not improve the fungicidal action against decay fungi.
The Relationship between Physical Activity, Self-Esteem, and Academic Achievement in 12-Year-Old Children

This study examined the relationships between children’s reported levels of physical activity, body-mass index, self-esteem, and reading and mathematics scores, while controlling for sex, family structure, and socioeconomic status. The data were collected from the full population of Grade 6 students (N = 6,923) in New Brunswick (NB), Canada in 1996, as part of the Elementary School Climate Study, and the NB Department of Education’s Grade 6 Assessment. Physical activity had a negative relationship with body-mass index. Physical activity had a positive relationship with self-esteem, and a trivial negative relationship with academic achievement. The analysis revealed that both females and males who were more physically active had considerably higher levels of self-esteem. The study suggests that the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement is weak. For some children, physical activity may be indirectly related to enhanced academic performance by improving physical health and self-esteem.
Therapeutic assessment of Idebenone versus Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced pulmonary injury in adult albino Rats: Experimental study

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are extensively used metal in cosmetics, sunscreens, food products, paints and drugs, producing oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid damage. This study aimed to improve the overall (TiO2NP) use and decrease its related health hazards through the following objective among albino rates: To assess the TiO2NPs oral administration pulmonary induced toxic effect and to study the beneficial role of Idebenone as a novel agent protecting the human body against this toxic effect. An experimental trial conducted on 75 adult albino rats of both sex, rats were classified into; Group I, II: Negative, positive controls. Group III: Rats gavaged orally with 200 mg/kg b.w. Idebenone. Group IV: Rats received 250 mg/kg b.w. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Group V: Rats gavaged orally with Idebenone then Titanium dioxide nanoparticles with previous doses. The blood samples were withdrawn for estimating nitric oxide, reduced glutathione levels. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid was collected for estimating oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α). Then histological examination and Comet assay from the lung tissues were done. The collected data were coded and analyzed using the suitable tests by the SPSS program. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles significantly decreased and increased in values of blood reduced glutathione and nitric oxide, respectively. In addition, it caused significant increase broncho-alveolar lavage fluid oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines with marked histo-pathological changes in the lung cells were observed with DNA damage. Upon supplementation of Idebenone with titanium dioxide nanoparticles produced normalization of the oxidative stress markers and partial protection of pulmonary histological changes with moderate protective effects against DNA damage. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure causes toxic effects on the lung and administration of Idebenone offers protection against its damaging effects. Key words: Idebenon, nanotoxicity, titanium dioxide.
STEP-WISE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: IDENTIFYING PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED REPRESEN-

In this paper, we introduce a novel method, called step-wise sensitivity analysis, which makes three contributions towards increasing the interpretability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). First, we are the first to suggest a methodology that aggregates results across input stimuli to gain model-centric results. Second, we linearly approximate the neuron activation and propose to use the outlier weights to identify distributed code. Third, our method constructs a dependency graph of the relevant neurons across the network to gain fine-grained understanding of the nature and interactions of DNN’s internal features. The dependency graph illustrates shared subgraphs that generalise across 10 classes and can be clustered into semantically related groups. This is the first step towards building decision trees as an interpretation of learned representations.
Accurate Noniterative Fault Location Algorithm Utilizing Two-End Unsynchronized Measurements

This paper presents a new two-terminal impedance-based fault location algorithm, which takes into account the distributed parameter line model. The algorithm utilizes unsynchronized measurements of voltages and currents from two ends of a line and is formulated in terms of the fundamental frequency phasors of symmetrical components of the measured signals. First, an analytical synchronization of the unsynchronized measurements is performed with use of the determined synchronization operator. Then, the distance to fault is calculated as for the synchronized measurements. Simultaneous usage of two kinds of symmetrical components for determining the synchronization operator makes that the calculations are simple, noniterative and at the same time highly accurate. The developed fault location algorithm has been thoroughly tested using signals of ATP-EMTP versatile simulations of faults on a transmission line. The presented evaluation shows the validity of the developed fault location algorithm and its high accuracy.
Sea-ice melt CO 2 –carbonate chemistry in the western Arctic Ocean: meltwater contributions to air–sea CO 2 gas exchange, mixed-layer properties and rates of net community production under sea ice

The carbon dioxide (CO 2 )-carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt and co-located, contemporaneous seawater has rarely been studied in sea-ice-covered oceans. Here, we describe the CO 2 –carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt (both above sea-ice as "melt ponds" and below sea-ice as "interface waters") and mixed-layer properties in the western Arctic Ocean in the early summer of 2010 and 2011. At 19 stations, the salinity (∼0.5 to −1 ) and total alkalinity (TA; ∼30 to −1 ) of above-ice melt pond water was low compared to the co-located underlying mixed layer. The partial pressure of CO 2 ( p CO 2 ) in these melt ponds was highly variable (∼ 1500 μatm) with the majority of melt ponds acting as potentially strong sources of CO 2 to the atmosphere. The pH of melt pond waters was also highly variable ranging from mildly acidic (6.1 to 7) to slightly more alkaline than underlying seawater (>8.2 to 10.8). All of the observed melt ponds had very low ( 3 ) minerals such as aragonite (Ω aragonite ). Our data suggest that sea-ice generated alkaline or acidic type melt pond water. This melt water chemistry dictates whether the ponds are sources of CO 2 to the atmosphere or CO 2 sinks. Below-ice interface water CO 2 –carbonate chemistry data also indicated substantial generation of alkalinity, presumably owing to dissolution of CaCO 3 in sea-ice. The interface waters generally had lower p CO 2 and higher pH/Ω aragonite than the co-located mixed layer beneath. Sea-ice melt thus contributed to the suppression of mixed-layer p CO 2 , thereby enhancing the surface ocean's capacity to uptake CO 2 from the atmosphere. Our observations contribute to growing evidence that sea-ice CO 2 –carbonate chemistry is highly variable and its contribution to the complex factors that influence the balance of CO 2 sinks and sources (and thereby ocean acidification) is difficult to predict in an era of rapid warming and sea-ice loss in the Arctic Ocean.