Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Political Risk, Business Climate and FDI in developing and transition countries: evidence from panel data

Since the late 1990s, the literature on economic development views institutions as a crucial locational advantage of host countries aiming to attract foreign investors. The purpose of the paper is to explore empirically the linkages among political risk, business climate, institutions and foreign direct investment inflows and to provide better supported results concerning these linkages. More precisely, for a data sample of 18 developing and in transition countries covering the period 1995-2008 we identify indicators that count the most for the foreign direct investors. The gravity model is our theoretical framework and the random-effects model is particularly used as econometric method following the statistics from the Hausman (1978) framework. These methodological insights lead to the following main results. Firstly, we show that a lower level of political risk is associated with an increase in FDI inflows. Secondly, the business operation conditions appear as an important determinant of FDI flows, our results indicating that better business conditions participate to an increase of the FDI. Finally, we find that a lower level of the corruption, a high quality of rule of law and bureaucracy lead to an increase in FDI. JEL Classification: F21, F23, R3
TRANSMISSION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA IN COMMERCIAL DAIRY FARMS IN WASHINGTON STATE By BIJAY ADHIKARI A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY VETERINARY SCIENCE

v LIST OF TABLES. ix LIST OF FIGURES. xi CHAPTER ONE. 1 1.1 ABSTRACT. 2 1.2 INTRODUCTION. 3 1.3. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 4 1.4. RESULTS.7 1.5. DISCUSSION.10 1.6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.13 1.7. REFERENCES. 14 1.8. TABLE.21 1.9. FIGURE. 23 CHAPTER TWO.24 2.1 ABSTRACT.25 1.2 INTRODUCTION . 26 2.3. MATERIALS AND METHODS.27 2.4. RESULTS.31 2.5. DISCUSSION.33 2.6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.35
Financial Market Linkages in South Asia: Evidence Using a Multivariate GARCH Model

The economic and social benefits of more openness and internationalisation are well supported by both academics and policy-makers. Many countries are also trying to become part of the world trade bloc such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO) or AFTA. Efforts are also made to strengthen the existing regional economic and trade coordination or establish new regional economic and financial integration. Unfortunately, at the time (during the 1980s and 1990s) when many emerging economies in East Asia were involved in openness, internationalisation and regional economic and financial integration, the South Asian countries wasted their resources in dealing with political crisis (such as Bangladesh), internal conflicts (such as Sri Lanka) or border issues (such as India and Pakistan). It is only recently that regimes have realised that a peaceful economic environment is essential to attract foreign investment, pursue a pro-growth policy and achieve a sustainable growth. The recent dialogue between Pakistan and India and some progress in SAARC consultation are a few steps towards these goals.
Effect of resins and DBSA on asphaltene precipitation from petroleum fluids

This work examines the effect of various resins and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) amphiphile on asphaltene precipitation from different petroleum fluids. Various resins are added to three different petroleum fluids to measure precipitation with npentane. Results show that the dipole moment of resins (which is a measure of polarity) has a strong effect on precipitation. Resins with a high dipole moment are more effective than resins with a low dipole moment. The effectiveness is defined in terms of the increase in the onset point of precipitation. However, addition of resins to a petroleum fluid increases the amount of precipitated asphaltenes. This is the first report of such a behavior in the literature; the increase is less pronounced with the most polar resins. Addition of asphaltenes to a petroleum fluid results in a high amount of precipitation. As expected, the onset point of precipitation from asphaltene addition to a petroleum fluid is different from that of resins. When the DBSA amphiphile is mixed with the petroleum fluid at different concentrations, we observe a retrograde phenomenon. The amount of precipitated asphaltene increases first with increasing DBSA concentration. Beyond a certain concentration, there is a decrease in precipitation. At higher concentrations, DBSA proves to be very effective to move the onset point of precipitation. The data show the complex interactions between various species in petroleum fluids. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 470 – 479, 2004
Effect of maintenan drugs on virus path Reviews in

Copyright © 201 ce immunosuppressive obiology: evidence and potential mechanisms Daniel C. Brennan*, José M. Aguado, Luciano Potena, Alan G. Jardine, Christophe Legendre, Marcus D. Säemann, Nicolas J. Mueller, Pierre Merville, Vincent Emery and Björn Nashan Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain CardiovascularDepartment, Heart Failure andHeart Transplant Program, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité & Hôpital Necker, Service de Transplantation Adultes, Paris, France Internal Medicine III/Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Service de Néphrologie, Transplantation, Dialyse, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France University College London, London, UK Department ofHepatobiliary Surgery andVisceral Transplantation,UniversitätsklinikumHamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE DIVAčA AREA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE SPELEOGENESIS AND HyDROGEOLOGy OF KAčNA JAMA

Izvleček UDK 551.435. 84(497.471) Petra Žvab Rožič, Jože Čar & Boštjan Rožič: Geološka Struktura na območju Divače in njen vpliv na spelogenezo ter hidrogeologijo Kačne jame Jame se razvijajo vzdolž nezveznosti, sedimentarnega ali tektonskega izvora v zaporedju topnih kamnin. Na Klasičnem Krasu slednje predstavljata apnenec in dolomit. Predhodne raziskave kraških terenov jugozahodne Slovenije so pokazale jasno povezavo med smerjo jamskih kanalov in lokalnih strukturih elementov, kar se je pokazalo tudi na prikazanem območju kartiranja. Kačna jama je najdaljša jama Klasičnega Krasa in predstavlja pomemben del podzemnega toka reke Reke. S strukturnim kartiranjem površine nad jamo, ki je prilagojeno kraškim ozemljem, smo ugotovili potek treh SZ−JV prelomov in ene vmesne razpoklinske cone v enaki smeri. Te strukture so vzporedne regionalnemu Divaškemu prelomu, ki smo ga zaznali na skrajnem SV delu raziskanega območja. Med njimi potekajo prečno usmerjene razpoklinske cone, ki so deloma povite do smeri S−J. Opisano strukturo razlagamo s kompleksnim divergentno-konvergentnim desno-zmičnim prelomnim klinom. Posebej obravnavamo Risniški prelom, ob katerem sta razviti udornici Risnik in Bukovnik, ter nekaj večjih podorov v jami. V odtočni sifon na koncu Ozkega rova nizke vode odtekajo skozi Risniški prelom v smeri regionalnega gradienta. Medtem za visoke vode isti prelom predstavlja hidrogeološko zaporo, saj prej omenjeni odtočni sifon ne zmore več prevajati zadostnih količin podzemne vode in ta odteka vzdolž preloma po dobro razvitem sistemu kanalov v Nw smeri. Menimo, da ima Risniški prelom vlogo zapornega preloma. Ključne besede: Kačna jama, Kras, strukturno kartiranje, speleogeneza, zaporni prelom.
Magnetospheric electric fields and their variation with geomagnetic activity

Diverse and independent measurements of the variation of particle convection boundaries with geomagnetic activity are used to obtain relations between the magnitude of a large scale electric field and the Kp index. The relations are compared with measured fields and with models and are found to be consistent with diverse observations and probably more reliable than results previously obtained.
In the eye of the beholder: mutual obligations and areas of ambiguity in the hospital-physician relationship

Internationally, many countries are increasing provider accountability for cost and quality of the delivered care. In this challenging environment hospital executives struggle to build effective hospital-physician relations. However, despite the importance of the hospital-physician relationship there has been little research which has examined how physicians and hospital executives describe the terms of their working relationship. This paper seeks to fill this gap by reporting findings of a qualitative study in which we explored the psychological contract between physicians and the hospital they practice at. In-depth interviews with physicians and executives (n=30) of three Belgian hospitals were performed. Our analysis of the transcribed interviews yielded a rich understanding of how physicians and hospital executives interpret and experience mutual obligations and areas of ambiguity within their psychological contract. We found that a distinction should be made between on the one hand administrative obligations (adequate operational support, responsive decision making processes and attractive facilities) and on the other hand professional obligations (clinical excellence and physician autonomous medical decision making). In addition, two areas of ambiguity could be identified reflecting both dimensions of the psychological contract. Firstly, physicians act as independent caregivers generating professional fees. A trade-off exists in their day-to-day interaction with the hospital. Therefore the interpretation about the way the care should be organized differs between executives and physicians. Secondly, hospital prospective financing systems lay the accent on cost-effective care from a societal perspective. In contrast, physicians are remunerated mainly by fee-for-service. The extent to which physicians should take into account the impact that their medical decisions have on the hospital bottom line varies. Our aspiration is that the findings of this study will assist in supporting hospital executives and physicians to build cooperative relationships needed to improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of current health care delivery.
The Role of Personal Experience in Forming Spatial Presence in a Video Gaming Context

Based on the Two Level Process Model of Spatial Presence proposed by Wirth et al. (2007), the current study examined how four types of personal experience (direct real, direct virtual, indirect real, indirect virtual) influence the formation of situational spatial models (SSMs) and spatial presence during video game play. A quasi-experiment was conducted in which participants (N = 100) played a basketball video game and completed a variety of measures, including of personal experience types, attitudes, gaming skill, SSMs, spatial presence, and congruence. Results partially supported the assumption that personal experience would relate to SSMs. Furthermore, gaming skill and congruence were also found to be positively related to SSMs and spatial presence, respectively. Implications are discussed.
Sensitivity and Specificity Determinations with Isoelectric Focusing Fractions of Blastomyces dermatitidis for Antibody Detection in Serum Specimens from Infected Dogs

Blastomycosis and histoplasmosis manifest as lung and systemic fungal infections in mammals caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, and Blastomyces dermatitidis. These infections exhibit cross reactivity of antibodies which makes a correct diagnosis potentially elusive. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of which isoelectric focusing fractions (RotoforTM) of B. dermatitidis were reactive or cross reactive with serum specimens from dogs infected with B. dermatitidis, H. capsulatum, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Three serum specimens from dogs that were infected with B. dermatitidis, two dogs infected with H. capsulatum, and one dog infected with C. neoformans were assayed against the 20 B. dermatitidis RotoforTM fractions. Reactivity was determined using the indirect enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). Reactivity with B. dermatitidis was found predominantly in the protein fractions 1 - 6, and cross reactivity with H. capsulatum, and C. neoformans sera was found within the B. dermatitidis protein fractions 15 - 19.
Local Properties via Color Energy Graphs and Forbidden Configurations

The local properties problem of Erd\H{o}s and Shelah generalizes many Ramsey problems and some distinct distances problems. In this work, we derive a variety of new bounds for the local properties problem and its variants. We do this by continuing to develop the color energy technique --- a variant of the concept of additive energy from Additive Combinatorics. In particular, we generalize the concept of color energy to higher color energies, and combine these with Extremal Graph Theory results about graphs with no cycles or subdivisions of size $k$.
A CHARACTERIZATION OF -CLOSED SCHUNCK CLASSES

A characterization of -closed Schunck classes, followed by some consequences and applications in the formation theory of finite - solvable groups are given. 1. Preliminaries All groups considered in the paper are finite. Let be a set of primes, 0 the complement to in the set of all primes and O 0(G) the largest normal 0 -subgroup of a group G.
Title Relationship of SARS-CoV to other pathogenic RNA virusesexplored by tetranucleotide usage profiling

Background: The exact origin of the cause of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is still an open question. The genomic sequence relationship of SARS-CoV with 30 different singlestranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses of various families was studied using two non-standard approaches. Both approaches began with the vectorial profiling of the tetra-nucleotide usage pattern V for each virus. In approach one, a distance measure of a vector V, based on correlation coefficient was devised to construct a relationship tree by the neighbor-joining algorithm. In approach two, a multivariate factor analysis was performed to derive the embedded tetra-nucleotide usage patterns. These patterns were subsequently used to classify the selected viruses. Results: Both approaches yielded relationship outcomes that are consistent with the known virus classification. They also indicated that the genome of RNA viruses from the same family conform to a specific pattern of word usage. Based on the correlation of the overall tetra-nucleotide usage patterns, the Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGV) and the Feline CoronaVirus (FCoV) are closest to SARS-CoV. Surprisingly also, the RNA viruses that do not go through a DNA stage displayed a remarkable discrimination against the CpG and UpA di-nucleotide (z = -77.31, -52.48 respectively) and selection for UpG and CpA (z = 65.79,49.99 respectively). Potential factors influencing these biases are discussed. Conclusion: The study of genomic word usage is a powerful method to classify RNA viruses. The congruence of the relationship outcomes with the known classification indicates that there exist phylogenetic signals in the tetra-nucleotide usage patterns, that is most prominent in the replicase open reading frames. Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), a newly identified infectious disease, has imperilled the health of human population in more than 30 nations. It has claimed over 812 lives and infected more than 8442 (9.61% death rate) by July 2, 2003 [1] since its outbreak in November 2002 in the province of GuangDong, People's Republic of China. By May 15, 2003, the primary etiological agent for SARS was found to fulfil Koch's postulate through experimental infection of cynomolgus Published: 20 September 2003 BMC Bioinformatics 2003, 4:43 Received: 08 July 2003 Accepted: 20 September 2003 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2105/4/43 © 2003 Yap et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.
Seasonalities in Stock Markets: The Day of the Week Effect

Day of the week effect phenomenon is one of the most important calendar anomalies that have been observed in many stock markets in all over the world. This specific phenomenon has been observed and studied by many researchers for many years and as a consequence there are a lot of different results. The present paper aims at examining in a theory level the meaning, the boundaries and the effects of this phenomenon. First of all, we make a short introduction about the day of the week effect phenomenon in general. After that, we present two significant issues: on the one hand the distinction between perfect and imperfect markets, on the other hand the analysis of the efficient market hypothesis. Then we analyze some of the most important calendar anomalies, which have been observed in many stock markets in all over the world and its possible explanations. Finally we analyze more analytically, the day of the week effect phenomenon and its possible explanations.
Collinear Microstrip Patch Antenna

The paper presents a brief overview of the development of so called collinear types of antenna arrays. A new type of this structure in microstrip technology is further introduced. The principle of the antenna operation is explained via surface current distribution of excited modes. Such distribution is reached via geometrical perturbation of a radiating element by slots introduced in such a way that they eliminate radiation from even half current wavelengths. The initial design and optimization of the prototype operating in RFID band (869 MHz) has been performed in planar simulator Zeland IE3D. A prototype has been realized and measured. The reached results show that the presented antenna has directional character as it can be expected due to the proposed technology and the presence of a planar ground plane.
Anatomical Study of Male Reproductive Organs of the Indonesian Short-Nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus titthaecheilus Temminck, 1825)

Bats are one of the mammals of Chiroptera order. Chiroptera Order has two sub-orders, Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera. One of the species of Megachiroptera is Cynopterus titthaecheilus ( C. titthaecheilus ). Local name for C. titthaecheilus is the Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat . Characteristics of C. titthaecheilus are dark brown body hair and no tragus in the ear. Population of C. titthaecheilus in Indonesia are relatively abundant, but research about anatomy of male reproduction organs of this species is still rare. The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical features of male C. tittahecheilus reproductive organs. Observations of macroscopic anatomy include observation of morphology, size, weight and volume of penis, testiscle, epididymis, vas defferens, prostate and seminal vesicles. Observation on microscopical anatomy of male reproduction organ is using histological slide preparations stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin .
TIN-PHOSPHORUS OXYFLUORIDE GLASS CONTAINING AROMATIC ORGANIC COMPOUND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

56) TIN-PHOSPHORUS OXYFLUORIDE GLASS CONTAINING AROMATIC ORGANIC COMPOUND Inventor: Paul A. Tick, Corning, N.Y. Assignee: Corning Glass Works, Corning, N.Y. Appl. No.: 371,791 Filed: Apr. 26, 1982 Int. Cl. C09K11/06 U.S. C. 252/301.16; 252/301.18; 252/301.33; 252/301.4 P; 350/345; 350/354; 350/357; 430/139; 430/945; 501/13; 501/32; 501/44 Field of Search . 252/301.16,301.18, 252/301.33, 301.4 P; 501/44, 13, 32; 350/354, 357; 430/945 References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,352,058 11/1967 Brant . 47/58 3,635,544 1/1972 Stamm et al. 4,217,391 8/1980 Kaltz . 350/354 . 350/354
Alleviation of lead toxicity by nitric oxide in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp).

Lead (Pb) a potentially toxic heavy metal with no known biological function inhibits germination, plant growth and development, and biomass by disturbing plant metabolism. The role of nitric oxide (NO) has been observed in the plants as an adaptive response to biotic and abiotic stresses, notably by acting as a signaling molecule. In the present study, we investigated the effect of exogenous NO on cowpea plants exposed to 200 mg Pb (NO3)2 kg 1 soil. Seeds pre-treated for 20 h with 0.5 and 1 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as NO donor. The results showed that Pb toxicity significantly reduced pods plant-1 (33%), seeds pod-1 (21%), 100-seeds weight (20%), seed yield (56%), biomass (33%) and harvest index (HI) (35%) as compared to control. Exogenous NO markedly improved all measured traits under Pb stress. Both SNP levels were effective however, 0.5 mM was more effective. These results indicate that NO plays an important role in protecting the cowpea plants against Pb toxicity.
DEPENDENT OR INDEPENDENT? THE PERFORMANCE CONTRIBUTION OF BOARD MEMBERS IN ITALIAN VENTUREBACKED FIRMS

In this paper we tested the relationship between the IRR and the corporate governance choices of 87 Italian closed-end funds for the management of 698 private equity operations carried out from 1999 to 2003. In particular, we looked for information about the role of independent directors and their ability to stimulate firm growth and the closed-end funds final return, compared with the performance of dependent directors. We found no differences in the performance of venture-backed firms due to the presence of independent members in the board of directors, and concluded that this does not influence final results.
Response to referee comments on “ WRF-Chem simulated surface ozone over South Asia during the pre-monsoon : Effects of emission inventories and chemical mechanisms ” by A

Comment 1: The paper describes uncertainty of modeled ozone to emission inventories of precursors generated by three different international effort. An evaluation of two chemical mechanisms MOZART and RADM-2 are also presented for one of the inventories. Results for April 2013 are presented. As presented it is a fairly unconstrained problem in terms of evaluation of the goodness of one emission field over the other purely based on ozone alone. I have tried to learn something new from the manuscript that I could have not guessed by just looking at table 1. They all have about the same NOX and HTAP has nearly 50% more NMVOC’s than the other two emissions.
Impact of Corporate Governance on Shareholder Value Creation: Evidence from Tunisian Context

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of corporate governance on shareholder wealth. The emphasis here is placed on the hypothesis that separating ownership from management has a significant effect on shareholder value creation. The empirical analysis is based on a data set of Tunisian listed companies for the period 1997-2006. As predicted by theory, the results show that the presence of institutional investors in ownership structure seems to exercise effective control over the external manager. Capital concentration appears to have a negative effect respectively on performance and value creation. The presence of outside directors has a significant negative impact on value creation and performance of Tunisian firms.