Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supervised learning algorithms for damage detection and long term bridge monitoring

In the past few years, numerous methods for damage assessment for structural health monitoring were proposed in the literature. Several problems are raised for making these approaches practical for the engineer. The first concern is to determine whether a structure presents an abnormal behavior or not. Statistical inference is concerned with the implementation of algorithms that analyze the distribution of extracted features in an effort to make decisions on damage diagnosis. Learning algorithms have extensively been applied to classification and pattern recognition problems in the past years and deserve to be used for structural health monitoring. In addition, data acquisition campaigns of civil engineering structures can last from several minutes to years. Dealing with large amounts of data is not an easy task and suitable tools are required to correctly extract important features from them: symbolic data analysis (SDA) is such an approach. In this paper, some supervised learning methods (Bayesian decision trees, neural networks and support vector machines) are introduced to discriminate structural features and are developed within the concept of symbolic data analysis in order to compress data without losing its inherent variability. To highlight the different features of these techniques for structural health monitoring, this paper focuses attention on the monitoring of a railway bridge belonging to the high speed track between Paris and Lyon. During the month of June 2003, a strengthening procedure was carried out on this bridge. In so doing, vibration measurements were recorded under three different structural conditions: before, during strengthening. In the following years (2004, 2005 and 2006), new tests were performed to observe how the dynamic behavior of the bridge evolved, especially for the case of frequency changes. The objective was to verify whether the strengthening procedure was still effective or not, in other terms if the new data could be still assigned to the condition . after strengthening. This paper reports the major results obtained and shows how the supervised learning techniques can be applied to cluster structural behaviors and classify new data. An original assignment approach is also presented: based on dissimilarity measures this approach shows that in fact the structural behavior of the bridge seems totally different of the initial behaviors used for training the supervised learning methods. Supervised learning algorithms
Relaxation phenomena in the THz dynamics of simple fluids probed by inelastic X-ray scattering

La dynamique a l'echelle atomique de differents exemples de fluides simples a ete etudiee dans le domaine de tres hautes frequences (thz) en utilisant la technique de la diffusion inelastique des rayons x avec une resolution de l'ordre du mev. L'etude experimentale est structuree naturellement en trois parties. Dans la premiere, le cas de la dynamique des fluides simples est traite, avec pour exemple, le neon tres au dela du point critique. Dans ce cas, le dynamique attendue doit etre proche de celle du cas simple des fluides a spheres dures, ou les interactions consistent en collisions mutuelles entre particules. La deuxieme partie concerne l'etude de la dynamique de systemes plus complexes, elle est illustree par l'exemple du neon cette fois en phase liquide. L'objectif de cette analyse est de differencier les effets lies aux interaction a plusieurs corps typiques des liquides, par rapport a l'etat supercritique. Dans la derniere partie, nous abordons l'etude de la dynamique des liquides pour lesquels existent des interactions spatiales a longue distance entre molecules. Le liquide choisit est l'eau en phase liquide. Pour ces trois etudes, un interet particulier a ete accorde a la caracterisation des phenomenes de relaxation. Plus specifiquement, nous montrons comment les phenomenes de relaxation evoluent avec le degre de connectivite croissant des systemes. Nous nous interessons a deux larges classes de phenomenes de relaxation : microscopiques et structurales. Les relaxations structurales sont liees a des processus cooperatifs par lesquels la structure locale, apres avoir ete perturbee par une fluctuation spontanee de densite, se rearrange vers une nouvelle position d'equilibre. Les relaxations microscopiques, d'un autre cote, ne sont pas cooperatives, elles impliquent une vibration atomique ayant une echelle de temps de l'ordre de 10 1 3s et ne dependent pratiquement pas de la temperature. Les premieres dominent les phenomenes observes dans l'eau, tandis que dans le cas du neon supercritique ou liquide, ce sont les relaxations microscopiques qui sont observees.
The Making Of A Fly The Genetics Of Animal Design

the making of a fly the genetics of animal design is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the the making of a fly the genetics of animal design is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Discrete-Time Fractional Order Integral Sliding Mode Control of an Antagonistic Actuator Driven by Pneumatic Artificial Muscles

Recently, pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs), a lightweight and high-compliant actuator, have been increasingly used in assistive rehabilitation robots. PAM-based applications must overcome two inherent drawbacks. The first is the nonlinearity due to the compressibility of the air, and the second is the hysteresis due to its geometric construction. Because of these drawbacks, it is difficult to construct not only an accurate mathematical model but also a high-performance control scheme. In this paper, the discrete-time fractional order integral sliding mode control approach is investigated to deal with the drawbacks of PAMs. First, a discrete-time second order plus dead time mathematical model is chosen to approximate the characteristics of PAMs in the antagonistic configuration. Then, the fractional order integral sliding mode control approach is employed together with a disturbance observer to improve the trajectory tracking performance. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified in multi-scenario experiments using a physical actuator.
Level of Students’ Creative Thinking in Solid Geometry

Creativity is an important aspect to face the global challenges. Creative thinking skill is a skill that is needed in this era to face problems in all aspects of modern life. Creative thinking is a thinking style which allows individuals to produce new products, find new solutions, and new ideas. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of students’ creative thinking in solid geometry. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The subjects of this research were three students from 8th grade student of SMP N 8 Purwokerto Banyumas regency. The students were classified to high-ability, moderate-ability, and low-ability. The data were collected through creative thinking test and interview. There are three aspects of creative thinking: fluency, flexibility, and novelty. Based on the results, three subjects didn’t fulfill novelty, students who had low-ability had creative thinking level 0 (Not Creative), students who had moderate-ability had creative thinking level 1 (Almost Not Creative), and students who had high-ability had creative thinking level 2 (Quite Creative).
Flexural Behavior of Reinforced RAC Beams Exposed to 1000°C Fire for 18 Hours

In order to meet the socio-economic demands around the globe, construction industry not only consumes concrete at a very fast pace but also yields huge amounts of construction and demolishing waste. The phenomenon gives rise to environmental issues due to production of concrete ingredients and due to dumping of the waste. Therefore, one of the solutions is the production of green concrete utilizing demolished waste. This research work studies the effect of prolonged fire (18 hours) on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete–recycled aggregate beams. The beams were using 50% replacement of natural coarse aggregates with demolished concrete. The beam samples were cast as both normal and rich mix concrete and were cured for 28 days. After curing, the beams were exposed to fire at 1000°C in a purpose made oven, followed by testing in a universal load testing machine under central point load. The test results show that the proposed beams (cast with rich mix) exhibited about 22% reduction in flexural strength. The failure mode of the beams was observed as shear failure.
Viscosity–Temperature–Pressure Relationship of Extra-Heavy Oil (Bitumen): Empirical Modelling versus Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

The viscosity data of two heavy oil samples X and Y, with asphaltene contents 24.8% w/w and 18.5% w/w, respectively, were correlated with temperature and pressure using empirical models and the artificial neural network (ANN) approach. The viscosities of the samples were measured over a range of temperatures between 70 °C and 150 °C; and from atmospheric pressure to 7 MPa. It was found that the viscosity of sample X, at 85 °C and atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa), was 1894 cP and that it increased to 2787 cP at 7 MPa. At 150 °C, the viscosity increased from 28 cP (at 0.1 MPa) to 33 cP at 7 MPa. For sample Y, the viscosity at 70 °C and 0.1 MPa increased from 2260 cP to 3022 cP at 7 MPa. At 120 °C, the viscosity increased from 65 cP (0.1 MPa) to 71 cP at 7 MPa. Notably, using the three-parameter empirical models (Mehrotra and Svrcek, 1986 and 1987), the correlation constants obtained in this study are very close to those that were previously obtained for the Canadian heavy oil samples. Moreover, compared to other empirical models, statistical analysis shows that the ANN model has a better predictive accuracy (R2 ≈ 1) for the viscosity data of the heavy oil samples used in this study.
Preparation of Few-Layer Graphene Dispersions from Hydrothermally Expanded Graphite

In this study, we propose a novel approach to prepare few-layer graphene (FLG) dispersions, which is realized by exfoliating natural graphite flakes in a surfactant aqueous solution under hydrothermal treatment and liquid-phase exfoliation. In order to obtain stable and well-dispersed FLG dispersions, pristine graphite is hydrothermally expanded in a hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) aqueous solution at 180 °C for 15 h, followed by sonication up to 3 h. In comparison to long-time sonication methods, the present method is significantly efficient, and most importantly, does not involve the use of an oxidizing agent and hazardous media, which will make it more competent in the scalable production of graphene.
On the Propagation and Structure of a Blast Wave, II

Concerning blast waves with front surfaces of plane, cylindrical and spherical shape, the propagation velocity U and the distribution of hydrodynamical quantities are discussed. The solutions are constructed in the form of power series in ( C / U ) 2 , where C is the sound velocity of undisturbed fluid. Especially R , the distance of shock front from the charge, is represented as, \begin{aligned} \left(\frac{C}{U}\right)^{2}\left(\frac{R_{0}}{R}\right)^{\alpha+1}{=}J_{0}\left[1+\lambda_{1}\left(\frac{C}{U}\right)^{2}+\frac{1}{2}\lambda_{2}\left(\frac{C}{U}\right)^{4}+\cdots\cdots\right], \end{aligned} where R 0 is the characteristic length related to the energy of explosion, J 0 and λ i are constants, and α=0,1,2 correspond to plane, cylindrical and spherical case, respectively. In this paper the first approximations for α=0,1 are discussed (The case α=2 has been discussed by G. I. Taylor). The solution is obtained numerically for the case of the adiabatic index λ=1.4. The approximate solution is also con.
Inverse Kinematics with a Geometrical Approximation for Multi-Segment Flexible Curvilinear Robots

Despite research related to flexible or continuum curvilinear robots, there lacks a common simulation tool for continuum robots, which are unlike rigid robots. Thus, in this paper, a robotics toolbox is utilized to model a wire-driven flexible manipulator as one of the continuum robots. Constant curvature property can enable the robotics toolbox to represent the flexible manipulator and validate its kinematics. Moreover, because the closed-form inverse kinematics methods developed previously for real-time control conceded limitations in modeling some continuum robots, we hereby develop an inverse kinematics method for the wire-driven flexible manipulator which can provide fast and reliable inverse results. Experimental results showed that geometrical information offered a stable starting point for the proposed inverse kinematics algorithm. Moreover, the first and second derivatives of a fitness function further contributed to a fast-converging solution within a few microseconds. Lastly, for the potential feasibility of an active compliance controller without physical force/torque sensors, a reaction torque observer was investigated for a flexible manipulator with direct drive mechanisms.
Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion

The core methods in today's econometric toolkit are linear regression for statistical control, instrumental variables methods for the analysis of natural experiments, and differences-in-differences methods that exploit policy changes. In the modern experimentalist paradigm, these techniques address clear causal questions such as: Do smaller classes increase learning? Should wife batterers be arrested? How much does education raise wages? Mostly Harmless Econometrics shows how the basic tools of applied econometrics allow the data to speak. In addition to econometric essentials, Mostly Harmless Econometrics covers important new extensions--regression-discontinuity designs and quantile regression--as well as how to get standard errors right. Joshua Angrist and Jorn-Steffen Pischke explain why fancier econometric techniques are typically unnecessary and even dangerous. The applied econometric methods emphasized in this book are easy to use and relevant for many areas of contemporary social science. An irreverent review of econometric essentials A focus on tools that applied researchers use most Chapters on regression-discontinuity designs, quantile regression, and standard errors Many empirical examples A clear and concise resource with wide applications
Potato Peels as a Source of Novel Green Extracts Suitable as Antioxidant Additives for Fresh-Cut Fruits

Potato is a source of different bioactive compounds, and the potato transformation industry produces conspicuous quantities of potato peels as waste. In this context, the objective of this research was twofold: (i) the evaluation of the recovery of bioactive compounds from organic potato byproducts through an innovative multistep green extraction process; (ii) to evaluate the preservation during storage of the main quality-physicochemical parameters of minimally processed apples treated with two different natural extracts obtained. The potato extracts were obtained by solid CO2 cryomaceration followed by solid/liquid extraction based on water or 10% ethanol/water solutions. The efficacy of potato extracts, with or without 1% of citric acid, was tested in comparison with traditional preserving compounds in minimally processed apple preparation. All the extracts were characterized by a high antioxidant power and were rich in phenol compounds, showing a good activity in keeping the qualitative parameters of fresh-cut apple. A significant anti-browning effect as well as a slowing down of the softening of fruits during storage were observed. The obtained results suggest the suitability of the potato extracts as antioxidant additives for fresh-cut fruits, thus avoiding the use of unsafe chemicals.
An examination of computer-aided instruction, the self-concept and achievement levels of developmental mathematics community college students

This study examined the premise that when computers are used as a supplement in the college mathematics classroom for developmental students, then computer aided instruction (CAI) will help those students improve their self-concepts, persistence levels, and end of course grades when compared with developmental college students taught through a traditional lecture method. Three hundred thirteen students were studied, with one hundred ninety-nine students persisting throughout the study. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) was used to measure student self-concept, and the data was analyzed using a two-by-two mixed design MANOVA, with the between-subjects variable being whether the courses employed CAI or non-computer aided instruction (NCAI), while the within-subjects variable was the administration of the TSCS at the beginning and at the end of the course. A Chi-square test of association was used in order to measure statistical differences between CAI and NCAI groups in the areas of course persistence rates and final course grades. The study indicated that there was no improvement of student self-concept in either the CAI condition, or the NCAI condition. However, the data did suggest that when all students were considered, CAI did appear to support better grades for students as well as higher course completion rates when compared to those students taught in a more traditional lecture manner.
An appropriate technique of facilitation using students’participation level measurement in the PBL environment

Students’ participation in the PBL group discussions has always been associated with the role of facilitators, who areresponsible for the effectiveness of tutorial sessions. Facilitators should be aware of how their students participate in small-group discussions and thus adopt suitable facilitation techniques to encourage active student participation. However,determining students’ levels of participation in a PBL small-group discussion is a very subjective matter. As a result, it isdifficult to assess the effectiveness of particular techniques or approaches that are used for facilitation. Therefore, theobjectives of this paper are as follows: first, examine students’ participation in PBL small group discussions; and second,propose an appropriate technique of facilitation, with respect to the group members’ participation levels. Participants forthe study comprised the first-year polytechnic electrical engineering students, who were undergoing ten-week PBLaccording to the fourteen-step procedures. These studentsparticipated in small-group(four to fivemembers) discussions tosolve five electrical engineering problems in a two-week block period. The students’ participation was observed andvideotaped, as well as getting students to use a fixed reflective journal to record their thoughts after attending all the tutorialsessions. Our findings revealed that four classifications can be used to explain students’ level of participation namely,behaviour (active-passive), oral (silent-talkative), group skills (Excellent-poor), and confidence (high-low). Theseclassifications can be grouped into several combinations in order to explain the students’ levels of participation insmall-group PBL discussions. Premised on the findings, several suggestions are proposed to develop a facilitationtechnique: to create an environment conducive to discussion sessions and encourage active student participation.
Thermal Phase Shifters for Femtosecond Laser Written Photonic Integrated Circuits

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are today acknowledged as an effective solution to fulfill the demanding requirements of many practical applications in both classical and quantum optics. Phase shifters integrated in the photonic circuit offer the possibility to dynamically reconfigure its properties in order to fine tune its operation or to produce adaptive circuits, thus greatly extending the quality and the applicability of these devices. In this paper, we provide a thorough discussion of the main problems that one can encounter when using thermal shifters to reconfigure photonic circuits. We then show how all these issues can be solved by a careful design of the thermal shifters and by choosing the most appropriate way to drive them. Such performance improvement is demonstrated by manufacturing thermal phase shifters in femtosecond laser written PICs (FLW-PICs), and by characterizing their operation in detail. The unprecedented results in terms of power dissipation, miniaturization and stability, enable the scalable implementation of reconfigurable FLW-PICs that can be easily calibrated and exploited in the applications.
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DA ACESSIBILIDADE NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO PAULO ATRAVÉS DE SELF ORGANAIZING MAPS

A mobilidade urbana tornou-se um dos maiores problemas nas grandes cidades contemporâneas, muito tempo da vida das pessoas que moram em cidades é desperdiçado nos meios de transportes, quando precisam se deslocar para realizar suas atividades do cotidiano. Indicadores de acessibilidade têm sido usados para caracterizar essa dificuldade que as pessoas têm em acessar as oportunidades na cidade. Neste trabalho foi feita uma avaliação da distribuição espacial da acessibilidade na cidade de São Paulo. Para esta caracterização foram utilizadas metodologias de análise espacial como o cálculo de densidade Kernel, indicadores Moran e Self Organizing Maps (SOM). Foi investigada a correlação entre a acessibilidade a equipamentos, as quantidades de embarques e renda média dos usuários. Foi calculado um índice de acessibilidade que representa a quantidade de equipamentos urbanos acessíveis em 30 minutos e, a partir da espacialização deste índice e de outras variáveis como renda e ocorrências relativas ao primeiro embarque dos usuários, pôde-se visualizar padrões de segregação espacial na cidade. Foi possível ainda ressaltar a concentração de equipamentos urbanos nas áreas centrais da cidade, sendo esta bem evidente nas categorias de Lazer e Compras, enquanto muito mais espalhada no caso de Saúde e Educação. O mapeamento dos locais em que ocorre o primeiro embarque mostrou que os moradores mais afastados do centro precisam se submeter a tempos de viagem maiores que 30 minutos para acessar seus destinos finais, assim como iniciar suas viagens em horários muito cedo, como 4h e 5h da manhã de um dia útil. Analisando conjuntamente renda, oferta de transporte público e bilhetagens observou-se que os moradores da periferia possuem baixa renda e baixa acessibilidade. Simultaneamente, os mesmos habitantes constituem o 70% da totalidade das bilhetagens analisadas. Daqui resulta que o serviço de ônibus é o principal meio de transporte usado pelas pessoas com baixa renda, que vivem nos subúrbios e que acordam muito cedo de manhã para atravessar a cidade. A aplicação da técnica SOM permitiu um agrupamento de zonas de tráfego com características semelhantes de renda, uso do sistema de transporte público e acessibilidade, permitindo encontrar as disparidades e detalhar a caracterização da distribuição espacial heterogênea, além de destacar as principais áreas que merecem mais atenção do poder público para a melhoria de acessibilidade, em especial, enfatizando as condições precárias que se encontra a população mais carente da cidade.