Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opportunities and Challenges for Current Developmental

While developmental neuroscience can often be motivated by clinical and policy concerns, its constituent research methodologies aim to provide insights into the limits and potential of the developing brain. Our article addresses two main approaches for characterizing psychological and neural changes that occur between infancy and adolescence. Specifically, with respect to psychological change, frequently debated topics such as the nature of developmental continuity can potentially gain from the insights of brain data. Whereas for neuroimaging approaches, which have gained substantial traction in recent years, the advances in describing the developing ‘connectome’ has been challenged by awareness of imaging artifacts related to behavioral aspects of development (such as motion). As these two fields (developmental psychology and neuroscience) continue to integrate by, for example, constraining psychological hypotheses with brain data and offering explanatory models of neuroimaging findings, the resolution of these challenges charts the development of the field itself.
Designing and validation of questionnaire

A designing questionnaire which is worthwhile and easy to interpret and generalizable is an art, and it requires careful planning. The usefulness of questionnaire lies in quantifying the fi ndings of initial exploratory phase. Questions may be open ended (descriptive answer type) or close ended (Y/N type). For a questionnaire to be valid, it should be understood by subjects/participants correctly to answer. Thus, the relevant answer is sought. Questions should be simple and unambiguous. Questions should be devised using all concepts related to aim, and validity and reliability of the questions should be checked by pilot study before conducting the main study.
The effects of repeated prescribed burning on Pinus ponderosa

A curtain rod and window shade bracket is disclosed comprising a sheet of metal formed to have two side portions angularly joined together at a corner adapted to be placed over corner sides of a window frame molding, two substantially coplanar face plate portions extending angularly from the two side portions adapted to be placed over the corner face of the window frame molding, and two flange portions projecting outwardly from the two face portions. Fastening means are provided which are adapted to adjustably couple together the two flange portions of the sheet of metal whereby the two side portions and the two face portions of the sheet of metal may be drawn towards one another snugly over the window frame molding corner during bracket mounting.
Fixed, Random, or Something in between? A Variant of Hausman’s Specification Test for Panel Data Estimators

This paper proposes a variant of the classical HAUSMAN specifi cation test commonly employed to decide whether the estimation of a random-eff ects model is a viable alternative to estimating fi xed eff ects. Whereas the classical test probes the equality of fi xed- and random eff ects, the proposed variant focuses on the equality of between-groups and fi xed-eff ects coeffi cients. While both test procedures lead to the same conclusions, the panel model specifi cation underlying our testing strategy facilitates the simultaneous estimation of the fi xed- and between-groups eff ects. As a consequence, we are able to examine both the equality of the whole range of coeffi cients as well as that of individual variables. The usefulness of the test is illustrated using a panel of household travel data for Germany.
Bireyin Toplumsallaşması Sürecinde Spor

Sporun ne olduguna iliskin olarak bircok tanim yapilmaktadir. Bu tanimlarin belirli kavramlara vurguda bulundugu gorulmektedir. Bu kavramlar arasinda uzerinde uzlasilan belirlenmis kurallara sahip olma, genellikle rekabete dayali olma, bireysel ve kolektif olarak yapilma ve genellikle rekabete dayali fiziksel aktivite aktiviteleri icerme sayilabilir. Bu ozellikleri sporu bireysel bir aktivite olmaktan cikarmakta ve kulturel bir faaliyete donusturmektedir. Bu anlamiyla spor sosyal hayat alaninda sekillenen, kulturel aktivitelerin toplamini olusturmaktadir. Kisaca spor kurallari belirlenmis kulturel bir aktiviteleri ifade eder. Sporun sosyolojinin calisma nesnesi olmasi da buradan kaynaklanmaktadir. Bu kapsamda bildiride sporcunun sosyallesme sureci uzerinde durulmakta bunun yani sira politik sosyalizasyon surecinde sporun yeri tartisilmaktadir. Toplumsal yapinin varligini devam ettirmesi toplumsallasma ile mumkundur. Politik yapilar ise bireyleri politik toplumsallasma surecinde tabi tutarlar. Bu kapsamda spor ve spor birlikleri onemli fonksiyon icra eden birer enstrumana donusmektedir.
Computational modelling of spoken-word recognition processes: Design choices and evaluation

Computational modelling has proven to be a valuable approach in developing theories of spoken-word processing. In this paper, we focus on a particular class of theories in which it is assumed that the spoken-word recognition process consists of two consecutive stages, with an ‘abstract’ discrete symbolic representation at the interface between the stages. In evaluating computational models, it is important to bring in independent arguments for the cognitive plausibility of the algorithms that are selected to compute the processes in a theory. This paper discusses the relation between behavioural studies, theories, and computational models of spoken-word recognition. We explain how computational models can be assessed in terms of the goodness of fit with the behavioural data and the cognitive plausibility of the algorithms. An in-depth analysis of several models provides insights into how computational modelling has led to improved theories and to a better understanding of the human spoken-word recognition process.
Barriers to the Adoption of EHR Systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Study Using a Systematic Literature Review

Objective: Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have become a key enabler to improving patient safety, improving healthcare quality, and increasing healthcare efficiency. Governments in various countries have moved beyond the local implementation of EHRs in different healthcare organizations to the national implementation and integration of EHRs. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has lagged behind significantly in this regard, with only few hospitals have implemented the EHR. The purpose of this study is to identify barriers to the adoption of EHRs in the KSA using a systematic literature review. Methods: We searched for relevant articles using six search engines (PubMed, EBSCO Host, Web of Science, ACM, IEEE and Google Scholar). The search criteria focused on peer reviewed, empirical studies conducted in the KSA. The final set that met the inclusion criteria was twelve studies. The authors extracted, analyzed, summarized, and categorized empirical results related to EHR barriers in these studies. Results: After categorization and analysis, we identified the following twelve main barriers to EHR adoption: lack of computer experience by healthcare professionals (18%), lack of perceived usefulness by healthcare professionals (15%), lack of perceived ease of by healthcare professionals (15%), technical limitations of the software system (15%), lack of user support (9%), confidentiality concerns (9%), user resistance to change (6%), lack of quality in patients’ information (3%), lack of EHR standards (3%), uncertainty about EHR vendors (3%), hospital size (3%), and hospital’s level of care (3%). Conclusion: The findings of this study will be of great potential to policy makers and EHR vendors in the KSA. They can inform strategies to design systems and tailor implementation strategies toward factors that motivate adoption. A second important contribution of this study is that it provides evidence that the extant technology adoption theories like the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) are not sufficient in explaining EHR adoption, as only 30% of identified barriers could be categorized according to TAM. There is a need for creating a new model for EHR adoption.
PENGARUH LATIHAN MENGGIRING BOLA MENGGUNAKAN BOLA BERBEDA DITINJAU DARI KOORDINASI MATA-KAKI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENGGIRING BOLA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan latihan menggiring bola menggunakan bola standar dan bola tidak standar ditinjau dari koordinasi mata-kaki yang dibedakan menjadi dua taraf, yakni koordinasi mata-kaki tinggi dan koordinasi mata-kaki rendah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan bentuk penelitian eksperimen. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pengaruh latihan menggiring bola menggunakan bola standar dan bola tidak standar terhadap peningkatankemampuan menggiringbola pada mahasiswa.Serta terdapat perbedaan pengaruh koordinasi mata kaki tinggi dan koordinasi mata kaki rendah terhadap peningkatan kemampuan menggiring bola pada mahasiswa. Sertaterdapat interaksi antara latihan menggiring bola dan koordinasi mata-kaki terhadap kemampuan menggiring bola pada mahasiswa. Kata Kunci : Pembelajaran latihan menggiring bola, kemampuan menggiring bola dan koordinasi mata-kaki.
Koneellinen kitkentä taimikon varhaisperkauksessa – työajanmenekki, kustannukset ja työjäljen laatu

Koneellisen taimikonhoidon osuus on Suomessa alle prosentin taimikonhoidon kokonaismäärästä. Metsänomistajakunnan rakennemuutos, metsätaloussektorin työvoimapula ja metsätalouden kannattavuuden parantaminen kuitenkin edellyttävät metsänhoitotöiden koneellistamista. Taimikonhoidon koneellistamiseen liittyvä tutkimusja tuotekehitys on keskittynyt poistettavien taimien katkaisuun perustuviin menetelmiin. Tämän seurantatutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää hakkuukoneeseen kytketyn poistettavien taimien kitkentään perustuvan Naarva-perkaajan työajanjakauma ja -menekki, kustannukset ja työjäljen laatu kuusen varhaisperkauskohteilla. Koneellisen kitkennän keskimääräinen tehollinen työajanmenekki oli 7,1 tuntia per hehtaari. Kivisyyden lisääntyminen ja lehtipuiden lukumäärän kasvu hidastivat kitkentätyötä. Kasvatettavista kuusista keskimäärin 6 % vaurioitui kasvatuskelvottomiksi kitkennän yhteydessä. Koneellisen kitkennän kustannuskilpailukyvyn ratkaisee se, kuinka hyvin kitkennällä voidaan ehkäistä tulevaa taimikonhoitotarvetta. Nykytiedon mukaan koneellinen kitkentä on sopivilla työkohteilla koko metsänuudistamisketjun näkökulmasta tarkasteltuna taloudellisesti kilpailukykyinen menetelmä verrattuna raivaussahatyöhön.
AN UNFOLDING DIALOGUE EDITED BY JEREMY D . SAFRAN PSYCHOANALYSIS AND BUDDHISM “ Innovative , fascinating , and useful . ” —

“What a wonderful book! Jeremy Safran has assembled an absolutely stellar group of writers and has himself contributed an illuminating introduction. The essays are riveting and the book is the rare edited collection with real thematic unity. If you think you might have an interest in the intersection of psychoanalysis and Buddhism, this is the place to start. If you already know you’re interested, once you look at the table of contents you’ll find (at least I did) that you want to let Psychoanalysis and Buddhism displace whatever you were going to read next. ”—Donnel B. Stern, Ph.D., author of Unformulated Experience and editor of Contemporary Psychoanalysis
Calcareous algae from Upper Albian - Cenomanian strata of the Potiguar basin (NE Brazil)

Calcareous Albian-Cenomanian strata in the Potiguar basin yield a number of microfossils, among which are calcareous algae (Dasycladales and Corallinales). This data, together with an inventory of previous discoveries, enabled the discussion of their biogeography. These benthic organisms probably came from the early Central Atlantic Ocean through its northwestern neck between Africa and South America and thus reached the early South Atlantic platforms.
Oxygen Treatment of Premature Babies and Cerebral Palsy

SIR-In a study of children with a birth weight of 4 lb. or less, very immature children who were given oxygen for a long time were found to have less spastic diplegia-the commonest clinical type of cerebral palsy in these children-than similar children who were given little or no oxygen (McDonald 1963). The children were born between Oct. 1, 1951 and May 31, 1953, and were admitted to premature baby units in 14 centres in different parts of Britain. Those centres in which oxygen was used freely tended to have high rates of retrolental fibroplasia and low rates of spastic diplegia, and vice versa. Further evidence of this relationship may be found in the observations made by Drillien (1964) on 72 children with a birth weight of 3 lb. or less followed until school age. The relevant information on the 45 single children in Dr. Drillien’s series is set out in the table on the next page ; twins of this birth weight were excluded as they appear to be less liable to cerebral palsy than single children. Thus, 1 of the 16 children born in 1950-1952 had cerebral palsy, compared with 10 of the 25 children born in 1953-1956 (p ( 0.05); and 4 of the 16 born during 1950-1952 had retrolental fibroplasia compared with none of the 25 born during 1953-1956 (p ( 0.02). In children of this birth weight a high degree of myopia is probably due to retrolental fibroplasia, and lesser degrees of myopia are possibly attributable to the same cause; if myopia is included, the difference between the two periods is even greater. Thus these observations suggest that when oxygen was used freely there was little cerebral palsy, but when, judged by the incidence of retrolental fibroplasia, little oxygen was used, the incidence of cerebral palsy was substantial. An inverse relationship between the amount of oxygen given and the incidence of spastic diplegia is in keeping with the opinion of Banker and Larroche (1962), discussed elsewhere in this issue, that spastic diplegia is due to anoxia during cyanotic episodes in the postnatal period causing necrotic lesions in the periventricular areas. The possibility that by raising the environmental oxygen concentration of very immature babies some spastic diplegia might be prevented seems to merit further investigation,
Secondary Deformities of Cleft Lip , Cleft Lip and Nose , and Cleft Palate

The diversity of secondary deformities following repair of the cleft lip and nose is striking. The deformities reflect the wide variety of surgical techniques used to repair the cleft lip and the cleft lip nose. Secondary deformities of the repaired cleft lip and nose result from several distinct but related components: congenitally abnormal tissues; surgically modified tissues; the innate tendency of tissue to reflect its phenotype; the absence of diverse tissue elements such as ectoderm and mesoderm; and the effects of growth and development. Whereas primary repair of the cleft lip has become increasingly successful, repair of the cleft lip nose has continued to be a difficult problem. The three-dimensional nature of the abnormality and the presence of a mixed tissue matrix are responsible for the difficulty in finding an empirical solution to the nasal deformity.
La formación investigativa en la educación superior en américa latina y el caribe: una aproximación a su estado del arte

Objetivo. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo identificar los principales debates presentes en las investigaciones realizadas sobre la formación investigativa en la educación superior en América Latina, con el fin de ampliar su comprensión en el contexto de las múltiples variables que influyen en el desarrollo científico del subcontinente. Metodología. Mediante el método de análisis documental, se realizó un análisis crítico de la literatura y se profundizó en los antecedentes significativos sobre categorías como la formación investigativa y otras asociadas tales como competencias, capacidades, habilidades y actitudes investigativas; el material también fue clasificado teniendo en cuenta la finalidad de la investigación formativa en cada contexto, de qué forma se están llevando a cabo los procesos de formación investigativa y cuáles son las condiciones institucionales desde las que se llevan a cabo dichos procesos, a partir de lo cual se identificaron algunas tendencias que permitieron llegar a los resultados del análisis. Resultados. El análisis del material permitió identificar las críticas y aplicaciones que hay detrás de las distintas concepciones frente a la formación investigativa, las cuales evidencian el para qué de la formación de investigadores en cada contexto. Igualmente se identificó que aspectos como el currículo, las estrategias formativas, los actores del proceso y las dinámicas institucionales, influyen fuertemente en la manera como se presentan los procesos de formación investigativa en las universidades. Conclusión. Finalmente se concluye que es necesario tener en cuenta las condiciones contextuales, históricas, políticas, económicas y culturales en las que se sitúa cada escenario de educación superior, con el fin de comprender y potenciar los procesos de formación investigativa en las universidades latinoamericanas.
Contrasting effects of K 8 and K 18 on stabilizing K 19 expression , cell motility and tumorigenicity in the BSp 73 adenocarcinoma

The co-expression of vimentin and keratin-type intermediate filaments in the same cell was often reported to correlate with increased invasiveness and a more aggressive tumorigenic phenotype. To address the possible physiological relevance of these observations, we transfected simple keratins (K8 and 18) either individually, or in combination, into a tumorigenic but non-metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma that expresses vimentin but no keratins. Expression of K8 resulted in the stabilization of endogenous K19 in these cells, and formation of keratin filaments containing K8 and K19. Transfection of K18 yielded unstable K18 protein, but K18 could be stabilized when K8 was co-expressed in the same cells. Clones expressing K18 alone, or together with K8, displayed a reduced ability to grow in soft agar and decreased motility when compared to control, or K8/19 expressing cells. Moreover, K18 expressing cells were dramatically inhibited in their ability to form tumors when injected into syngeneic animals. The extent of suppression in the tumorigenicity of these cells correlated with the level of K18 expressed by these cells. The results show that K18 expression in cells may result in the suppression of the motile and tumorigenic abilities of this adenocarcinoma.
Morphological variability in the Indian isolates of Ascochyta rabiei causing blight in chickpea and evaluation of chickpea cultivars

Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei is a serious disease of chickpea world wide. Twenty five Indian isolates of A. rabiei were evaluated for their morphological variability and 91 chickpea cultivars were screened for their reactions to Ascochyta blight. The populations of A. rabiei showed variations in various morphological characters like conidia size and density, colony colour and growth rate. Colonies of the isolates on artificial media were flat, submerged with sparse mycelium. The mycelium was pale cream at first but later turned greyish white or green to greenish dark. In Chickpea dextrose agar (CDA) medium, the isolate AR1 (Delhi) grew the largest followed by the isolates AR14 (Punjab), AR5 (Himachal Pradesh), AR9 (Jammu and Kashmir) and AR20 (Rajasthan) with statistically similar colony diameter at 20 days after incubation. Thus, the growth rate was significantly highest in isolate AR1 (Delhi) followed by the isolates AR14 (Punjab), AR5 (Himachal Pradesh), AR9 (Jammu and Kashmir), and AR20 (Rajasthan). More or less similar growth patterns of the isolates were observed on PDA medium with comparatively less growth as compared to CDA. The size of the conidia in all the isolates ranged from 9.19–12.51 x 3.36–4.32 μm whereas the density of conidia in A. rabiei isolates ranged from 0.5–7.2 x 106 conidia ml−1. Three cultivars namely, ICC 76, ICC 3996 and ICC 15978were identified as highly resistant to Ascochyta blight. Thirty cultivars showed resistant and 14 cultivars showed moderately resistant reactions against the disease. These cultivars may be used for cultivation or resistant breeding programs.
When should the customer really be king? : On the optimum level of salesperson customer orientation in sales encounters

Abstract In today's age of relational selling, a key challenge for salespeople is to determine the degree to which their customer-oriented behaviors drive sales performance. Therefore, this study analyzes whether a salesperson's customer orientation in sales encounters has an optimum level with regard to sales performance and customer attitudes. Using triadic data from a cross-industry survey of 56 sales managers, 195 sales representatives, and 538 customers, the authors provide strong empirical support for a curvilinear, inverted U-shaped effect of a salesperson's customer orientation on sales performance, whereas the effect of customer orientation on customer attitudes is continuously positive. Moreover, the findings reveal that the optimum level of customer orientation with regard to sales performance is higher for salespeople selling individualized products, in firms pursuing a premium price strategy, and in markets with a high degree of competitive intensity.
The zCOSMOS 10k-sample: the role of galaxy stellar mass in the colour-density relation up to z ~ 1

Aims. With the first ~10 000 spectra of the flux limited zCOSMOS sample (I_(AB) ≤ 22.5) we want to study the evolution of environmental effects on galaxy properties since z ~ 1.0, and to disentangle the dependence among galaxy colour, stellar mass and local density. Methods. We use our previously derived 3D local density contrast δ, computed with the 5th nearest neighbour approach, to study the evolution with z of the environmental effects on galaxy U-B colour, D4000 A break and [OII]λ3727 equivalent width (EW[OII]). We also analyze the implications due to the use of different galaxy selections, using luminosity or stellar mass, and we disentangle the relations among colour, stellar mass and δ studying the colour-density relation in narrow mass bins. Results. We confirm that within a luminosity-limited sample (M_B ≤ −20.5 − z) the fraction of red (U − B ≥ 1) galaxies depends on δ at least up to z ~ 1, with red galaxies residing mainly in high densities. This trend becomes weaker for increasing redshifts, and it is mirrored by the behaviour of the fraction of galaxies with D4000 A break ≥1.4. We also find that up to z ~ 1 the fraction of galaxies with log(EW[OII]) ≥ 1.15 is higher for lower δ, and also this dependence weakens for increasing z. Given the triple dependence among galaxy colours, stellar mass and δ, the colour-δ relation that we find in the luminosity-selected sample can be due to the broad range of stellar masses embedded in the sample. Thus, we study the colour-δ relation in narrow mass bins within mass complete subsamples, defining red galaxies with a colour threshold roughly parallel to the red sequence in the colour-mass plane. We find that once mass is fixed the colour-δ relation is globally flat up to z ~ 1 for galaxies with log(M/M_⊙) ≳ 10.7. This means that for these masses any colour-δ relation found within a luminosity-selected sample is the result of the combined colour-mass and mass-δ relations. On the contrary, even at fixed mass we observe that within 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.5 the fraction of red galaxies with log(M/M_⊙) ≲ 10.7 depends on δ. For these mass and redshift ranges, environment affects directly also galaxy colours. Conclusions. We suggest a scenario in which the colour depends primarily on stellar mass, but for an intermediate mass regime (10.2 ≲ log(M/M_⊙) ≲ 10.7) the local density modulates this dependence. These relatively low mass galaxies formed more recently, in an epoch when more evolved structures were already in place, and their longer SFH allowed environment-driven physical processes to operate during longer periods of time.