Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal work outside the home and its effect on women and their families.

Up to 65% of American women work outside the home in paid employment, thus it is essential to examine the effect of that employment on the health of both women and their families. Employed women of all ages and occupations have a lower mortality rate and better reported and perceived health than women who do not work outside the home. The incidence of cardiovascular disease in women has not increased because of their increased participation in the work force. For hypertension, for psychological health, and for the incidence of coronary heart disease, women's emotional response to work is more important in predicting ill health than work itself. Working does not worsen women's health during pregnancy, and perinatal outcome may be improved for employed mothers. Middle-aged women who work have better measures of psychological and physical well-being. Employment seems to ahve a beneficial effect on the woman's family as well; more employed women confide in their husbands and report helpful or supportive responses from them. Multiple studies found no difference in many psychological and educational characteristics between children of working and nonworking mothers. One difference discovered was that children of working mothers are less likely to believe in "traditional" sex roles. There is no age group for which the employment of the mother is harmful, and at many ages if employment resulted in better maternal well-being, there is a definite gain for the children. More important than work itself is the mother's satisfaction with work, child care arrangements, and the home situation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multiple Person Tracking based on Spatial-temporal Information by Global Graph Clustering

Since the variations of illumination, the irregular changes of human shapes, and the partial occlusions, multiple person tracking is a challenging work in computer vision. In this paper, we propose a graph clustering method based on spatio-temporal information of moving objects for multiple person tracking. First, the part-based model is utilized to localize individual foreground regions in each frame. Then, we heuristically leverage the spatio-temporal constraints to generate a set of reliable tracklets. Finally, the graph shift method is applied to handle tracklet association problem and consequently generate the completed trajectory for individual object. The extensive comparison experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Successful treatment of multiply relapsed lymphoma with rituximab as a single agent

The treatment of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is an example of the successful therapy of cancer in children; the cure rate overall at approximately 80%. Unfortunately, relapsed NHL has a dismal prognosis, and the customary treatment is highly toxic chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A child with relapsed T‐cell rich B‐NHL was treated with rituximab alone. This was delivered in eight doses after the recurrence of disease after high‐dose chemotherapy and allogenic HSCT that was undertaken for the first relapse. Eight years after the last dose of rituximab he remains in complete remission. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:356–358. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Beliefs and Reported Practices Related to Breast Self Examination among Sample of Egyptian Women

Breast cancer contributes to a high rate of death among women worldwide. In Egypt, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women and it comprises 25.5% of all cancers in that country. Early detection of breast cancer through breast self examination (BSE), plays an important role in reducing its morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate beliefs and reported practices related to breast self examination and breast cancer among Egyptian women utilizing Champion's Health Belief Model (HBM). A descriptive correlational design was utilized in this study. A total number of 400 women employed in different faculties at Cairo University were chosen randomly. Various statistical tests were implemented. The mean age of women in the study was 40±12.8 years. The results indicated that 35.3% of women reported that they practice BSE and 17.3% of them mentioned they perform it once per year. Also, the motivation of women in the study to perform BSE has got the highest mean score (3.5±0.6), followed by the seriousness of the disease (3.4±0.7). While the lowest mean score was related to their confidence in performing BSE (2.7±0.7). Conclusion: Women, who were more confident in their ability to conduct BSE, were more likely to perform BSE. It was emphasized the importance of BSE education. Periodic follow up of female employees and other women in different settings in the community is very important to ensure early detection of cases. In addition, BSE training programs should be adopted as an element of the services offered to the working females.
Anomalous linewidth behavior in short-cavity single-frequency fiber lasers

An experimental investigation of the anomalous linewidth behavior in a distributed feedback fiber laser is presented. It is found that not only does the linewidth deviate from the Schawlow-Townes linewidth formula by increasing with pump and laser power, but it also varies significantly with the pumping configuration. These observations have potentially important implications for the design and operation of such fiber lasers.
Do smokers of menthol cigarettes find it harder to quit smoking?

INTRODUCTION Menthol cigarette smokers may find it harder to quit smoking than smokers of nonmenthol cigarettes. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of published studies examining the association between menthol cigarette smoking and cessation. Electronic databases and reference lists were searched to identify studies published through May 2010, and results were tabulated. RESULTS Ten studies were located that reported cessation outcomes for menthol and nonmenthol smokers. Half of the studies found evidence that menthol smoking is associated with lower odds of cessation, while the other half found no such effects. The pattern of results in these studies suggest that the association between smoking menthol cigarettes and difficulty quitting is stronger in (a) racial/ethnic minority populations, (b) younger smokers, and (c) studies carried out after 1999. This pattern is consistent with an effect that relies on menthol to facilitate increased nicotine intake from fewer cigarettes where economic pressure restricts the number of cigarettes smokers can afford to purchase. CONCLUSIONS There is growing evidence that certain subgroups of smokers find it harder to quit menthol versus nonmenthol cigarettes. There is a need for additional research, and particularly for studies including adequately powered and diverse samples of menthol and nonmenthol smokers, with reliable measurement of cigarette brands, socioeconomic status, and biomarkers of nicotine intake.
Le Quercy au cœur du dernier maximum glaciaire. La couche 4 du Petit Cloup Barrat et la question de la transition badegoulo-magdalénienne

Signale des les annees cinquante, le gisement quercinois du Petit Cloup Barrat a ete redecouvert au milieu des annees quatre-vingt-dix. Cette doline, situee a 800 metres de l’entree prehistorique de la grotte de Pech Merle, a fait l’objet de fouilles programmees entre 2004 et 2008. Menee aux abords d’une grotte-abri localisee a l’extremite ouest de la doline, cette operation a permis la mise en evidence de plusieurs niveaux d’occupations datant de la seconde moitie du Paleolithique superieur. Deux secteurs ont ete distingues, a partir des differentes signatures sedimentaires de la sequence stratigraphique : la zone avant, qui correspond a la partie « ouverte » de l’espace fouille, et la zone du fond, situee sous le porche. Dans la grotte, affectee par des phenomenes de soutirage karstique, le remplissage mis au jour documente une succession d’au moins trois techno-complexes distincts : la couche 10N, dont l’attribution reste a confirmer, fait suite a l’ensemble 8 ou se succedent Solutreen superieur, Badegoulien a raclettes et Magdalenien inferieur. Dans la zone avant, le Magdalenien moyen de la couche 3, remanie par la mise en culture de la doline, coiffe la couche 4, ensemble le mieux documente a ce jour et qui fait l’objet de cet article.Riche de plusieurs milliers de vestiges, cet ensemble presente certaines particularites : si la mauvaise preservation de la faune limite l’approche archeozoologique, les donnees acquises lors de l’analyse des productions lithiques et osseuses apportent en revanche de nombreux elements de discussion. La composante lithique, a travers la nature de certaines armatures et de leurs modalites de production, fait clairement echo a certaines industries du Magdalenien inferieur. Neanmoins, tandis que la plus grande part de la composante osseuse s’accorde pleinement avec cette proposition (type de pointe, extraction par rainurage longitudinal), une serie de pieces temoigne de la mise en œuvre d’un debitage du bois de renne par percussion habituellement exclu de ces ensembles. Cette « mixite » technique - qu’il conviendra de confirmer par le biais de datations directes - vient alimenter les debats actuels sur la transition badegoulo-magdalenienne. Enfin, la decouverte de plusieurs incisives d’herbivores sciees et d’une ebauche d’anneau ouvert en bois de renne renforce l’originalite de l’assemblage, ouvrant de nouveaux horizons de recherches.
Relative resistance of potato varieties to serious mechanical injury

Misener, G.C. andTai,G.C. C.1993. Relativeresistance of potato varieties to serious mechanical injury. Can. Agric. Eng. 35:289291. The varietal susceptibility of potatoes to serious mechanical injury was investigated over a three-year period. Results from the study indicated a relativeconsistencyin terms of rankingfrom year to year of the varieties to their susceptibility to injury. The study suggested that proper selectionof varieties based on their suscepti bilityto injury can have a major impacton the quantityof seriously injured potatoes due to the harvesting operation. Nous avons etudie la susceptibilite aux dommages mecaniquesde plusieurs varietes de pomme de terre cultivees au Canada durant une periode de trois ans. Les resultats obtenus ont montre que le classement de ces varietes en termes de leur susceptibilite aux dommages mecaniques demeure relativement constant d'une annee a l'autre. Nos resultats semblent egalement indiquer qu'une selection appropriee des cultivars en fonction de cette susceptibilite aux dommages mecaniques peut resulter en d'importantes variations de quantites de pommes de terre serieusement endommagees par les equipements de
Efficacy and tolerability of intravenous ibandronate injections in postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2-year results from the DIVA study.

OBJECTIVE An effective and well tolerated intravenous (IV) bisphosphonate could provide a new treatment method for patients with osteoporosis. The Dosing IntraVenous Administration (DIVA) study was designed to identify the optimal ibandronate IV injection schedule for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis by comparing the efficacy and tolerability of 2- and 3-monthly injections with the previously evaluated daily oral ibandronate regimen. We report the effects on lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density (BMD) and bone resorption markers over 2 years. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, noninferiority study recruited 1395 women (aged 55-80 yrs; > or = 5 yrs since menopause) with osteoporosis [mean lumbar spine (L2-L4) BMD T-score < -2.5 and > or = -5.0]. Patients received IV ibandronate (2 mg every 2 mo or 3 mg every 3 mo) plus daily oral placebo, or 2.5 mg daily oral ibandronate plus 2- or 3-monthly IV placebo. Supplemental vitamin D (400 IU) and calcium (500 mg) were provided throughout the 2-year study. RESULTS At 2 years, the 2- and 3-monthly IV regimens achieved statistically noninferior and also superior increases in lumbar spine BMD compared with the daily regimen (6.4% and 6.3% vs 4.8%, respectively; p < 0.001). Greater increases were also obtained with IV ibandronate versus daily in proximal femur BMD. Serum concentrations of the biochemical marker of bone resorption C-telopeptide of the alpha-chain of type I collagen were reduced to a similar extent in all treatment arms (53.4%-59.9%). The tolerability profile of the IV regimens was similar to that observed with daily oral therapy. CONCLUSION Ibandronate IV injections are an effective and well tolerated treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis and provide a useful alternative to oral dosing.
Tools and methods for genetic analysis of Saccharomyces castellii

The budding yeast species Saccharomyces castellii has provided important new insights into molecular evolution when incorporated in comparative genomics studies and studies of mitochondrial inheritage. Although it shows some diversity in the specific molecular details, several analyses have shown that it contains many genetic pathways similar to those of S. cerevisiae. Here we have investigated the possibility of performing genetic analyses in S. castellii. We optimized the LiAc transformation protocol to achieve 200–300 transformants/µg plasmid DNA. We found that the commonly used plasmids for S. cerevisiae are stably maintained in S. castellii under selective conditions. Surprisingly, both 2µ and CEN/ARS plasmids are kept at a high copy number. Moreover, the kanMX cassette can be used as a resistance marker against the selective drug geneticin (G418). Finally, we determined that the S. cerevisiae GAL1 promoter can be used for the activation of transcription in S. castellii, thus enabling the controlled overexpression of genes when galactose is present in the medium. The availability of these tools provides the possibility of performing genetic analyses in S. castellii, and makes it a promising new model system in which hypotheses derived from bioinformatics studies can be experimentally tested. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymyxin B-Immobilized Fiber Column Hemoperfusion Therapy for Septic Shock

Endotoxin, an outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of septic shock. Endotoxin adsorption therapy by polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion (PMX) has been used for the treatment of septic shock patients in Japan since 1994. The covalent binding of polymyxin B onto the surface of the polystyrene-based carrier fiber in PMX inactivates the endotoxin in the blood without exerting toxicity. This study was performed as a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of PMX treatment in patients with septic shock. The PubMed database and references from identified articles were used to search and review the literature relating to the efficacy and mechanism of PMX treatment in patients with septic shock. Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion adsorbed monocytes, activated neutrophils, and anandamide, as well as endotoxin through direct covalent bond, hydrophobic and ionic interactions, and hydrodynamics, and reduced the blood concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and adhesion molecules. Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion increased blood pressure and reduced the dosage requirements for vasopressive/inotropic agents. The meta-analysis showed that PMX treatment had beneficial effects on the hemodynamics, pulmonary oxygenation, and mortality. These beneficial effects may be attributable to the direct adsorption of endotoxin, monocytes, activated neutrophils, and anandamide, as well as indirect decrease in inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion treatment has additional effects on reducing endothelial damage, proapoptotic activity, and immunosuppression. Further studies will be needed to confirm the efficacy and mechanism of PMX treatment in septic shock.
Evaluating the impact of other customers on service experiences

Die Erbringung einer Dienstleistung erfolgt haufig im Beisein anderer Konsumenten, welche die Zufriedenheit des Konsumenten mit der Dienstleistung masgeblich beeinflussen konnen. Obgleich einige Forscher diese Moglichkeit der Beeinflussung bereits erkannt haben, beschaftigt sich nur die Studie von Grove und Fisk (1997) explizit mit dem Einfluss anderer Konsumenten auf die Zufriedenheit mit der Dienstleistung. Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass die Ergebnisse der Studie von Grove und Fisk (1997) nur in eingeschranktem Mase verallgemeinerbar sind, sowie aufgrund neuerer theoretischer und empirischer Erkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet des Dienstleistungsmarketings erscheinen eine Reproduzierung und eine weitere Ausweitung der Studie von Grove und Fisk (1997) von groster Wichtigkeit. Mithilfe der „Critical Incident Technique“ (CIT) sammelte die Verfasserin der vorliegenden Arbeit Daten von 184 Personen. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass andere Konsumenten in der Tat einen Einfluss auf die Zufriedenheit mit der Dienstleistung haben. Dieser Einfluss zeigte sich in vielen unterschiedlichen Dienstleistungssektoren. Die Verteilung positiver und negativer „critical incidents“ (d.h. jener Dienstleistungserlebnisse, welche einen masgeblichen Einfluss auf die Zufriedenheit mit der Dienstleistung haben) war in allen Sektoren konstant. Eine weiterfuhrende Datenanalyse ergab eine Einteilung der „critical incidents“ in drei ubergeordnete sowie sechs untergeordnete Kategorien. Mogliche Zusammenhange zwischen diesen Kategorien und den Charakteristika der Teilnehmer der Studie wurden im Detail untersucht. Diese Untersuchung zeigte, dass das Einkommen, das Geschlecht sowie das Alter der Teilnehmer einen Einfluss auf die Art des angegebenen Erlebnisses hatten. Zusatzlich wurden im Zuge dieser Studie Informationen uber die Anzahl anderer anwesender Konsumenten, die Emotionen der Teilnehmer, andere Einflusse auf die Zufriedenheit mit der Dienstleistung, sowie uber die Frage, ob das Dienstleistungsunternehmen negative Situationen hatte verhindern konnen, gesammelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Teilnehmer der Studie wahrend der Inanspruchnahme der verschiedenen Dienstleistungen eine Vielzahl von Emotionen durchlebten. Die Mehrheit jener Teilnehmer, welche eine negative Erfahrung gemacht hatten, gab zudem an, dass das Dienstleistungsunternehmen diese hatte verhindern konnen. Auch zeigen die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit, dass die Zufriedenheit mit der Dienstleistung haufig durch eine Kombination verschiedener Elemente positiv oder negativ beeinflusst wurde. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie sind sowohl in theoretischer als auch in praktischer Hinsicht fur das Dienstleistungsmarketing relevant.
Aberrant Promoter Methylation Profile and Association with Survival in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Experimental Design: We examined the methylation status of nine genes in 155 tumors from patients with NSCLC using quantitative methylation-specific PCR. We analyzed the associations between gene methylation status and overall patient survival. Results: The methylation index, defined as the ratio between the number of methylated genes and the number of genes tested, was significantly higher in adenocarcinomas (0.38 ± 0.20) than in squamous cell carcinomas (0.30 ± 0.22; P = 0.027), in tumors from older patients (0.37 ± 0.20) than younger patients (0.30 ± 0.22; P = 0.040), and in tumors from heavier smokers (0.39 ± 0.21) than lighter smokers (0.29 ± 0.20; P = 0.042). In the Cox proportional hazards model, p16 methylation was associated with significantly poorer survival [hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.21-3.39]. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with hypermethylated p16 had significantly shorter survival (median = 21.7 months) than patients without p16 hypermethylation (median = 62.5 months; P = 0.0001, log-rank test). Hypermethylation of CDH1 or TIMP3 gene was associated with significantly better survival with hazard ratios of 0.51 (95% CI, 0.29-0.90) and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.36-0.97), respectively. Joint analysis of these three genes showed a significant trend for poorer survival as the number of unfavorable events increased (P = 0.0007). Conclusion: Hypermethylation of multiple genes exhibited significant differential effect on NSCLC patient survival. Assessment of the effect of each methylated gene on survival is needed to provide optimal prognostic value.
Type I Interferon and NF-κB Activation Elicited by Herpes Simplex Virus gH/gL via αvβ3 Integrin in Epithelial and Neuronal Cell Lines

ABSTRACT αvβ3 integrin represents a novel sensing system which detects herpes simplex virus (HSV) and bacterial constituents. In cooperation with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), it elicits an innate response that leads to activation of type I interferon (IFN), NF-κB, and a specific set of cytokines. We report that this defensive branch is functional in cells which represent experimental models of epithelial, including keratinocytic, and neuronal cells. These are the major targets of HSV in vivo. HSV entered the three cell lines via distinct routes. Hence, the defensive response was independent of the route of virus entry. Soluble gH/gL sufficed to elicit type I IFN and NF-κB activation and represents the viral pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) of this defense system.
A NEW PIPOID ANURAN FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF SOUTH AFRICA

Abstract Numerous fossil pipoid frogs recovered from Late Cretaceous deposits of a closed crater-lake of Late Cretaceous age in the Marydale District of South Africa are described and referred to a new genus and species of pipoid anuran. The fossils include larvae and adult frogs that are thought to have been killed en masse following breakdown of the thermal stratification or possibly by CO2 degassing from the underlying magma. A cladistic analysis of fossil and extant pipoid frogs based on 49 osteological characters reveals the new taxon to be a member of the pipinomorph clade, which includes the Late Cretaceous Eoxenopoides reuningi also from South Africa, fossil and Recent hymenochirines from Africa, and living Pipa from South America. The new taxon is distinctly larger than Eoxenopoides and further differs from this contemporaneous taxon in having an antorbital process on the maxilla and seven presacral vertebrae, with the first presacral being formed by fusion of Presacrals I and II. The curved shape of the ventral part of the braincase distinguishes this frog from hymenochirines, Palaeobatrachus, and Eoxenopoides. The new anuran is distinguished from the Israeli fossil Thoraciliacus of about the same age by the possession of a conch-shaped tympanosquamosal bone, a short jaw, and fusion of the sacrum and urostyle.