Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responses of Kit Foxes (Vulpes macrotis) to Antipredator Blood-Squirting and Blood of Texas Horned Lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum)

Abstract Six related studies were conducted with four captive juvenile Kit Foxes (Vulpes macrotis) to test the hypothesis that blood-squirting from eye-socket tissues by Texas Horned Lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum) is a canid antipredator defense. In 16 trials, naive “hungry” foxes killed and ate adult Yarrow's Spiny Lizards (Sceloporus jarrovii; eight of eight trials) slightly more frequently than adult P. cornutum (six of eight trials). Adverse responses by foxes (head shaking) were seen in five of six trials in which Phrynosoma squirted blood. Later these experienced foxes, fed ad libitum, killed and ate mice (eight of eight trials) while largely ignoring P. cornutum (one killed and eaten in eight trials), suggesting a learned aversion to horned lizards as prey. During attacks on mice smeared with horned-lizard blood, foxes displayed behaviors typical of predatory encounters with horned lizard prey (head shaking and prey tearing). These prey-handling behaviors were in striking contrast to those elicited by untreated mice and by mice treated with mouse blood, demonstrating that horned-lizard blood (and its chemical constituents) altered normal behaviors toward mouse prey. Prey-handling times for mice treated with horned lizard blood were significantly longer than mouse-only treatments. Responses of foxes to mice coated with horned lizard Harderian- and lacrimal-gland tissues coupled with responses to mice coated with systemic horned-lizard blood, mouse blood, and untreated mice suggest that (1) no defensive chemicals are added to the blood by orbital glands before blood ejection, and (2) active antipredator chemicals are carried in the circulating blood as well as in squirted blood. In four trials, foxes attacked “de-horned” horned lizards; a role for cranial horns in facilitating predator hesitancy prior to blood squirting is proposed. Evidence is presented that horned lizards visually identify and categorize foxes as appropriate predators for a blood-squirting defense. We conclude that, in many predator-prey encounters with wild canids, blood-squirting by Texas Horned Lizards is an effective chemical defense. We propose a scenario for the evolution of this unique defense and suggest that the defensive compounds found in the blood may be sequestered from the seed-harvester ant prey of horned lizards.
Histological methods in the assessment of different feed effects on liver and intestine of fish

This manuscript describes the importance of using histological methods to assess the effects of feed on the liver and intestine of fish. Due to the constantly increasing world production of fish and other aquatic organisms, it is necessary to replace fishmeal and fish oil in diets with less expensive raw materials of plant origin. Due to the increased fiber content, increased presence of carbohydrates, antinutritional factors, and inappropriate content of amino acids and new compounds can have negative effects on the digestive system of fish and therefore on fitness, health and production characteristics of cultivated fish. The liver and intestines are the most important organs for the digestion and absorption of nutrients from feed. Therefore, monitoring histological structure of fish liver and intestine is the method of choice in assessing the effects of nutrient mixtures that use raw materials of plant origin. For both of these vital organs the normal histological structure and the most important results obtained by research are discussed. This paper presents a critical review of the histological methods used in research on feed effects. Results related to the negative effects of raw soy-based feed on the occurrence of enteritis in carnivorous fish species are discussed. The results point out that use of modern approach in fish pathology such as improved histochemical, stereological, scoring, and other analytical methods could be a beneficial approach in an accurate assessment of new feed effects on fish.
Home visits in general practice – most often for elderly patients: A report from the Møre & Romsdal Prescription Study

Objectives: Methods: Results: Conclusions: Home visiting policy should be more selective. While most children could be adequately taken care of by telephone consultations or consultations in the surgery, home visits should be encouraged for the chronically ill and the housebound. 5.074 home visits were recorded (9.2% of all face-to-face contacts). Home visiting rates were highest for the elderly and for children. Most home visits were for new diagnoses, and 28% took place during weekends. Infections in the respiratory tract comprised the majority of the diagnoses for visiting children, whereas coronary heart disease and heart failure were the most frequent diagnoses for visiting the elderly. Drugs were prescribed during 48.9% of the home visits. General systemic antiinfectives and respiratory drugs comprised 53% of all prescriptions, whereas CNS-drugs comprised another 20%. Doctors' characteristics associated with doing home visits were male gender, young age, GP specialisation, fixed salary, and rural location. A cross-sectional descriptive study in the Norwegian county of More & Romsdal. All encounters (90,458) and prescriptions (74,079) issued during two months were recorded. Although home health care has been the fastest growing segment of the health care system during the last decades, general practitioners' (GPs') home visiting rates have declined. The aim of this study was to analyse home visits in relation to characteristics of both patients and GPs, the diagnoses, and the drugs prescribed. ABSTRACT
Antibacterial resistance pattern of aerobic bacteria isolates from burn patients in tertiary care hospital

The antibacterial resistant pattern of aerobic bacteria, isolate from burn patients admitted in plastic surgery & general surgery wards of Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical Uni-versity, Lucknow (a tertiary care hospital) were studied. 100 patients were enrolled from plastic surgery & general surgery wards and 200 samples were collected which comprised of 100 burn wound swabs & 100 biopsies of same patients. All samples were cultured on Nutrient agar, Mac conkey agar and Blood agar at 37oc for 24 hrs. The isolates were identified by culture, staining and biochemical tests including oxidase, lactose and maltose fermentation, catalase and their antibiotic sensitivity determined using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. The most common isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa-55.0%, followed by Staphylococcus aureus-19.29%, Klebsiella spp. -11.43%, Acinetobacter spps-7.14%. Proteus spp 4.29%, Es-cherichia coli-2.85%. Resistance of S.aureus was 40% observed with Oxacillin & 84% to Erythromycin whereas all strains were susceptible to Vancomycin. We analyzed that pesu-domonas which was the commonest isolate was most resistant to Ceftazidime (70%) followed by Cefotaxime. Ciprofloxacin (55.5%) & Amikacin (54.0%) were found to be most effective antimicrobial agent (7, 11). Other Gram-negative organisms were highly resistant to Cefo-taxime (66.0%) followed by Gentamycin (60.0%). ). Imipenem was found to be less resistant (26%) against Pseudomonas.
Teaching Aptitude of Elementary and Secondary Level Teacher Educators

The study was conducted to study the teaching aptitude of elementary and secondary teacher educators of Kashmir division. The sample for the present study was 300 including 150 elementary teacher educators and 150 secondary teacher educators by using simple random sampling technique. For the measurement of teaching aptitude of elementary and secondary level teacher educators, Shamim Karim and A.K. Dixit‘s teaching aptitude test battery was used. It was found that elementary teacher educators have more teaching aptitude as compared to secondary teacher educators on total score of teaching aptitude test battery. Among the eight dimensions, six dimensions were showing significant difference on teaching aptitude of elementary and secondary teacher educators. Keywords : Teaching aptitude, Elementary teacher educators, Secondary teacher educators
Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia

The introduction and subsequent impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi within native vegetation is one of the major conservation issues for biodiversity in Australia. Recently, many new Phytophthora species have been described from Australia’s native ecosystems; however, their distribution, origin, and potential impact remain unknown. Historical bias in Phytophthora detection has been towards sites showing symptoms of disease, and traditional isolation methods show variable effectiveness of detecting different Phytophthora species. However, we now have at our disposal new techniques based on the sampling of environmental DNA and metabarcoding through the use of high-throughput sequencing. Here, we report on the diversity and distribution of Phytophthora in Australia using metabarcoding of 640 soil samples and we compare the diversity detected using this technique with that available in curated databases. Phytophthora was detected in 65% of sites, and phylogenetic analysis revealed 68 distinct Phytophthora phylotypes. Of these, 21 were identified as potentially unique taxa and 25 were new detections in natural areas and/or new introductions to Australia. There are 66 Phytophthora taxa listed in Australian databases, 43 of which were also detected in this metabarcoding study. This study revealed high Phytophthora richness within native vegetation and the additional records provide a valuable baseline resource for future studies. Many of the Phytophthora species now uncovered in Australia’s native ecosystems are newly described and until more is known we need to be cautious with regard to the spread and conservation management of these new species in Australia’s unique ecosystems.
Scribe Width Optimization of Absorber Laser Ablation for Thin-film Silicon Solar Modules

The scribe width reduction of the absorber removal process for the integrated series connection of thin-film silicon solar modules was investigated with laser-induced back-side ablation. Depending on the used scribing beam spot radius and absorber thickness changes of ablation behavior lead to limitations of the scribe width reduction. The influence of the laser processes on the electrical properties between front- and back-contact was characterized with Transmission Line Method measurements. The values of the interconnection resistance between front- and back-contact are used in electrical calculations to estimate the optimal trade-off between increase of active cell area with thinner scribe lines and the increase of series resistance losses from interconnection resistance formation. Calculations predict a ~1% relative decrease of module losses for the optimized processes compared to commonly used processes from industry.
Entropy in Multiple Equilibria, Systems with Two Different Sites

The influence of entropy in multiple chemical equilibria is investigated for systems with two different types of sites for Langmuir’s condition, which means that the binding enthalpy of the species is the same for each type of sites and independent of those that are already bonded and that this holds for both types of sites independently. The analysis makes use of the particle distribution theory which holds for each type of sites separately. We provide physical insight by discussing an Xm{AB}Xn system with m = 0, 1, …, M and n = 0, 1, …, N in detail. The procedure and results are exemplified for an Xm{AB}Xn system with M = 3 and N = 2. A satisfactory consequence of the results is that the eleven equilibrium constants needed to describe such a system can be expressed as a function of two constants only. This is generally valid for any Xm{AB}Xn system where the [(M + 1)(N + 1) − 1] equilibrium constants can be expressed as a function of 2 constants only. This has also implication for quantum-theoretical studies in the sense that it is sufficient to model only two reactions instead of many in order to describe the system. We have observed that it is sufficient to have two different sites in a multiple equilibrium in order to observe a characteristic of isotherms that cannot be described by Langmuir’s equation. This is a result that may be useful for explaining experimental data which otherwise have not been explained satisfactory so far. Instead of inventing adsorption models it might often make sense of describing the system in terms of multiple equilibria.
Does Corporate Headquarters Location Matter for Firm Capital Structure?

This paper studies the impact of corporate headquarters location on capital structure policies. We show that firms exhibit conformity in their financing policies to those of geographically proximate firms, and that the location of corporate headquarters helps explain the cross-sectional variation of capital structure in the United States. The location effect is robust to local credit market conditions and to state laws on corporate takeover and payout restrictions. The results suggest that non-economic factors, such as local culture and social interactions among corporate executives, play a significant role in influencing corporate financial policies of firms headquartered in the same metropolitan area.
On Convergence in Credit-Rationed Open Economies when Taxes are Progressive ∗

This paper studies the impact of progressive taxation on the convergence speed of credit-rationed small open economies. We find that open economies converge faster when taxes are progressive, which extends previous results by Barro, Mankiw, and Sala-i-Martin (1995). However, a regressive tax rate may sharply reduce the convergence speed towards zero and may even destabilize the economy. Therefore, different open economies may converge at different speed to their balanced growth path, depending on how their taxes respond to the tax base, so that tax progressivity may be a potential source of cross-country differences in convergence rates. In a sample of US data, over the period 1920-1990, regional convergence and tax progressivity are found to be positively correlated, which supports our theoretical results. Moreover, we argue that the model is successful in predicting the full range of available convergence estimates only when the tax rate is elastic enough to the tax base.
Globally Distributed Production and Asset Pricing:the Rise of Latin America in CME Soybean Futures

The mechanism of aggregation of various sources of fundamental information into a single price is a central question in asset pricing. In this paper I investigate how information about local supply shocks in the globally distributed production of commodities is incorporated into the prices of future contracts traded at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. I take advantage of three facts: first, the global production of soybeans is heavily concentrated in the US and Latin America. Second, the market shares of these dominant regions have varied over the last fifteen years as Latin America’s output has surpassed that from the US. Third, local daily rain precipitation is a source of exogenous local supply shocks because it tends to increase output. I exploit these facts and estimate the sensitivity of CME soybean futures prices to local rain precipitation, in the US Midwest and Argentina, for the periods 1996/7-2002/3 and 2003/4-2010. I find economically significant negative rain impact on prices. I also find that, across periods and regions, the magnitude of local rain impact on the CME price has a strong linear relationship with the share of global output produced locally, with correlation in excess of 93%. This suggests that the CME price reflects a globally integrated market for soybeans, in which distributed supply shocks are aggregated linearly.
Coherence time of a Bose-Einstein condensate

Temporal coherence is a fundamental property of macroscopic quantum systems, such as lasers in optics and Bose-Einstein condensates in atomic gases and it is a crucial issue for interferometry applications with light or matter waves. Whereas the laser is an ``open'' quantum system, ultracold atomic gases are weakly coupled to the environment and may be considered as isolated. The coherence time of a condensate is then intrinsic to the system and its derivation is out of the frame of laser theory. Using quantum kinetic theory, we predict that the interaction with noncondensed modes gradually smears out the condensate phase, with a variance growing as $\mathcal{A}{t}^{2}+\mathcal{B}t+\mathcal{C}$ at long times $t$, and we give a quantitative prediction for $\mathcal{A}$, $\mathcal{B}$, and $\mathcal{C}$. Whereas the coefficient $\mathcal{A}$ vanishes for vanishing energy fluctuations in the initial state, the coefficients $\mathcal{B}$ and $\mathcal{C}$ are remarkably insensitive to these fluctuations. The coefficient $\mathcal{B}$ describes a diffusive motion of the condensate phase that sets the ultimate limit to the condensate coherence time. We briefly discuss the possibility to observe the predicted phase spreading, also including the effect of particle losses.
Irreducible representations of knot groups into SL(n,C)

The aim of this article is to study the existence of certain reducible, metabelian representations of knot groups into $\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbf{C})$ which generalise the representations studied previously by G. ~Burde and G. ~de Rham. Under specific hypotheses we prove the existence of irreducible deformations of such representations of knot groups into $\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbf{C})$.
Crop management systems for rainfed and irrigated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in south-western France

In the context of EEC agricultural policy, the efficient production of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) requires the development of a wider range of crop management schemes than were used previously. Five different management options were applied to sunflower over a period of 10 years (1984–94) on a deep silty clay soil at Auzeville, near Toulouse, south-western France, combining different levels of crop density, N fertilization and supplementary irrigation. The effectiveness of these practices was evaluated on the basis of grain yield, oil production, amount of disease infection, N leaching, soil water deficit and economic return, using both experimental values and simulations with the epic-phase model. Grain yield ranged from 1 t/ha (with severe disease incidence) to 4 t/ha (no diseases, full irrigation). There was no evidence of higher yield variability between years for low-input cropping systems managed without irrigation. In the deep soils of Auzeville, c.100 mm of irrigation, split into two or three applications around flowering, appeared to be a good strategy for maximizing irrigation efficiency. Limiting leaf area expansion under rainfed management, by reducing crop density and N fertilization, limited stem infection frequency by Phomopsis helianthi and delayed soil water depletion, thus maximizing grain yield. Oil concentration was generally higher under full irrigation, but high values were also observed under rainfed conditions provided that a suitable genotype was used. The annual amount of N leaching, simulated by epic-phase, ranged from 17 to 40 kg/ha depending on N amount and irrigation volume. Under the current conditions of the Common Agricultural Policy, low-input and rainfed management appeared to be the most profitable strategy for the deep soils of south-western France.
Antidumping: Welfare Enhancing Retaliation?

Over the last two decades, the use of antidumping (AD) measures has been characterized by two main features. First and foremost, it has increased dramatically. Additionally, it has not - to a large extent - been used to counteract the existence of dumping, but rather in a strategic or retaliatory fashion. These empirical findings have led many to propose the elimination of this instrument altogether, on the basis that its current use is arbitrary and, consequently, welfare reducing. We argue that these concerns may be unfounded since, in a world of restricted trade policy instruments, a retaliatory use of AD might be welfar enhancing. By modeling the trade relationship between countries as a repeated game of hidden information, we show that retaliation can be welfare increasing with respect to a rigid rule on the use of AD. We stress the fact that, underlying this result, is the unavailability of transfers or export subsidies in the current world trading system.
Moderating Role of the Perceived Justice in the Relationship of Trust, Management Support, Individual Attitude, and Reward System with Universities' Lecturers Knowledge Sharing

Knowledge sharing plays important roles in the education environment. Universities lecturers can increase their knowledge and experiences through knowledge sharing. There are many research in term of the main factors have high potential affect knowledge sharing. Among different factors, management support, reward system, trust, and individual factors have high potential affect knowledge sharing among universities’ lecturers. Besides, perceived justice can affect this relationship. This paper attempts to review extant research in order to justify the linkage among mentioned. Finally, this paper proposes a new framework can be applied for future study as quantitative researches.
Comparative serological and random amplified polymorphic DNA typing for Bordetella avium isolates in China.

To study the similarity among Bordetella avium isolates in China, antigens and diagnostic antiserum of 22 B. avium isolates were prepared for serotyping, and a set of 20 commercially available primers was screened out to identify suitable primers for random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting (RAPD) analysis in this study. Twenty-two B. avium isolates were divided into two serovars (A and B) based on their reaction in the plate-agglutination test. Four primers R1, R2, R4 and R10 resulted in informative fingerprints and were used to evaluate the B. avium isolates. Based on their RAPD patterns, a dendrogram allowed the separation of the B. avium isolates into six genetic similarity clusters. However, no direct correlation was observed between serotypes and RAPD typing among the isolates.
The relationship of infrapatellar nerve to the sartorius and study on the frequency of occurrence of its different positions

During meniscectomy and anteromedial incision for pes anserinus plasti (slocum) operations on the knee, the infrapatel­ lar nerve may be severed. As a result, in the postoperative period some complaints related to nerve incision may occur. In our study which was carried out on 21 cadavers we observed that infrapatellar nerve has a relationship to the sartorius in three different positions. The first of these was where infrapatellar nerve emerged at the posterior border of the sartorius with a rare of 71.5%. This was followed, respectively, by penetrating (23.8%), the infrapatellar nerve emerging from the body of the sartorius and, anterior (4.7%) infrapatellar nerve emerging from the anterior border of the sartorius. [Turk J Med Res 1993; 11(1): 8-10]
Monocyte-derived macrophages for treatment of cerebral palsy: a study of 57 cases

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