Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A direct proof that each Peano continuum with a free arc admits no expansive homeomorphisms

$(*)$ for each pair $x,$ $y$ of distinct points of $X$, there exists an integer $n$ such that $d(f^{n}(x), f^{n}(y))>c$ , where $d$ is a metric for $X$. Expansiveness does not depend on the choice of metrics for compact metric spaces. A compact connected metric space is called a continuum. A Peano continuum means a locally connected continuum. An arc $A$ in a continuum $X$ with end points $\{a, b\}$ is denoted by $[a, b]$ . $bd$ $A$ means $\{a, b\}$ and int $A=A-bdA$ . An arc $A$ in $X$ is called a free arc if int $A$ is open in $X$. Let (X, d) be a continuum. For a point $x\in X$ and $\epsilon>0,$ $U(x, \epsilon)$ denotes the $\epsilon$ -neighbourhood of $x$ . The Hausdorff metric is denoted by $d_{H}$ . In this paper, we give a direct proof of the following theorem, which is a consequence of Proposition $C$ in Hiraide [2].
Classifying Users Based on Their Mobility Behaviour in LTE Networks

When, in cellular networks like Long Term Evolution (LTE), there is a dense deployment of cells and/or users move at high velocities, handovers will occur frequently. This will have a severe impact on the Quality-of-Service (QoS) experienced by the users as there will be frequent call drops and a low throughput due to a service interruption time that is relatively long compared to the cell stay time. In order to mitigate these problems, users that experience a so called high mobility should be steered appropriately (e.g., to a cell on which they can be camped for a longer time). The first prerequisite for steering users that experience high mobility is identifying these users and predicting their future behaviour. In this paper, we present an algorithm that identifies users that follow similar trajectories through a cell. To perform this identification, a modified version of the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm is used. Results show that the developed algorithm is able to detect users which follow similar trajectories adequately and is also able to distinguish between users that follow different trajectories through a cell. Keywords–High Mobility; Dynamic Time Warping; Traffic Steering; Handover; LTE
Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Phyllocnistidae) and Its Natural Enemies

Biological study of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Phyllocnistidae) revealed that egg eclosion was 3.10±0.46 days. The larva consisted of four instars before pupation. The mean durations of larval, pupal, male and female adults were 4.20±0.53, 8.04±0.92, 2.59±0.93 and 4.04±1.26 days, respectively. The analysis of biological life table resulted in the following biological attributes: the net reproductive rate of increase (Ro) was 23.3946; the capacity for increase (rc) was 0.1944; the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.2146 and the cohort generation time (Tc) was 16.2158 days. The investigation on natural enemy complex of P. citrella was conducted in many citrus areas in Thailand. Survey carried out from July 1998 to June 2000 found 11 species of hymenopterous parasites namely Quadrastichus sp. , Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayanan), Teleopterus sp. and Microbracon sp. as larval parasites, and Ageniaspis citricola Logvinovskaya, Cirrospilus ingenuus Gahan, Sympiesis striatipes (Ashmead), Closterocerus trifasciatus Westwood, Eurytoma sp. , Zaommomentedon brevipetiolatus Kamijo and Tetrastichus sp. as pupal parasites. The other natural enemies as predators were found in the larvae of Chrysoperla sp. and some spiders feeding on larvae of P. citrella. The evaluation revealed that Quadrastichus sp. was the most important larval parasite and A. citricola was the most important pupal parasite. These parasites would be used as biological control agents of
Insurance Sector Risk

We model and measure simultaneous large losses of the market value of insurers to understand the impact of shocks on the insurance sector. The downside risk of insurers is explicitly modelled by common and idiosyncratic risk factors. Since reinsurance is important for the capacity of insurers, we measure risk dependence among European insurers and reinsurers. The results point to a relatively low insurance sector wide risk. Dependence among insurers is higher than among reinsurers.
Resistance training , anxiety and depression in multiple sclerosis patients

The benefits of performing resistance exercises are long known, and the participation on this type of exercise by Multiple Sclerosis patients is not contra-indicated if properly oriented and supervised. However, participation in such exercises and in physical activity in general promotes fear and insecurity in these patients. The aim of this research was to verify the depression and anxiety level of Multiple Sclerosis patients regarding their participation on resistance exercises; to verify anxiety impact about performing resistance exercises; and to grade insecurity factor regarding participation on resistance exercises of Multiple Sclerosis patients. Thirty Multiple Sclerosis diagnosed patients were assessed and responded to the following questionnaires: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and also an adapted questionnaire. The results obtained with the inventories demonstrated that 66.6% of the patients did not present any type of depression, and 66% presented moderate level of anxiety in both STAI-Trait and STAI-State. Regarding their participation in physical activity, it was observed that 86.6% of these patients did not participated in any type of activity, and only 13% were engaged in physical activity. A great portion of the patients who did not participate in physical activities (46.6%) were counseled not to do so by a health professional. It was concluded that most patients presented moderate level of anxiety and no types of depression, and insecurity when performing exercises, especially resistance exercises.
Estimates of the Economic Return to Schooling for the United Kingdom

Title Estimates of the economic return to schooling for the United Kingdom Authors(s) Walker, Ian; Harmon, Colm Publication date 1995-12 Publication information American Economic Review, 85 (5): 1278-1286 Publisher American Economic Association Link to online version http://search.ebscohost. com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=eoh&AN=0375629&site=ehost-live Item record/more information http://hdl.handle. net/10197/647
Association of Polymorphisms in the Calpain I Gene with Meat Quality Traits in Yanbian Yellow Cattle of China

The calpain I (CAPN1) gene is an important marker for meat tenderness and marbling score in the bovine, but there were no studies to determine whether the CAPN1 gene had an association with other meat quality traits. In this study, we examined the relation between genetic polymorphisms of the CAPN1 gene and some meat quality traits in Yanbian Yellow Cattle of China. By PCRSSCP and gene sequencing in 321 unrelated Yanbian yellow cattle, twenty seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in CAPN1, two existed SNPs in exon 8 and exon 17 resulted in the change of AA at F311S and M599V, respectively, and the otherpolymorphisms were at intron 7, 8, 14, 16 and 17. There were different preponderant genotypes at the corresponding gene locus and all genotypes were not associated with tenderness but other meat traits. This is the first study of the relationship between CAPN1 and meat quality besides tenderness in Yanbian yellow cattle of China.
Children in different activities: child schooling and child labour.

Using primary data from two districts of Pakistan this article analyses the supply-side determinants of child labour. The study finds that the birth-order of the child has a significant association with schooling and labour decision of child: first school enrolment of children is delayed; there exists gender disparity in favour of male children; the children from female-headed households are more likely to go to school; the education of the head of household has a positive impact on childs schooling; among the parents parameters mothers education is more important than fathers; parental education is positively associated with child schooling and negatively associated with child labour. The ownership of assets impacts the schooling positively and labour negatively; the household size affects the schooling negatively and work positively and household composition also has a significant effect on schooling and child labour. The children from urban areas are more likely to go to school. (authors)
Internet Relationships and Their Impact on Primary Relationships

Abstract The number of personal relationships occurring via the Internet is increasing as more people gain access to it. Many of these relationships are romantic in nature, and evidence is accumulating that they have the potential to have an adverse effect on existing face-to-face relationships. This study explored the formation of romantic relationships on their Internet, their nature, and their possible impact on existing marital or de facto relationships in a sample of 75 adults (mean age 42 years, SD = 11.1 years) who responded to an online survey of individuals involved in extradyadic relationships on the Internet. Respondents reported a variety of means of contacting their online partner. More females than males communicated with them daily. Most respondents knew what their partner looked like, most had contacted them by telephone, and a third had met them. Most reported more satisfaction with their online relationship than with their face-to-face one, though few said that it was more important to them than their primary relationship. Although only a quarter of the sample admitted that their online relationship had affected their primary one, those participants reported concealing the truth about the time or nature of their activities, that everyday tasks did not get done, and that levels of sexual intimacy with their primary partner had dropped. The nature of these and other problems suggests that therapists should be aware of the potential for Internet relationships to seriously affect face-to-face relationships.
Working Paper Series Market Timing and REIT Capital Structure Changes

This paper seeks to determine if REIT equity and debt offerings depend on capital market conditions. We examine the fundamental mechanism behind the market timing behavior. Two different hypotheses of equity market timing – the information-based market timing and market inefficiency-based market timing are tested. We further test for backward and forward looking behavior market timing behavior in debt offering. In addition, we examine the security choice of REITs to evaluate the market timing theory. The empirical results from 1993 through 2004 support the information-based market timing theory for equity offerings and backward looking market timing in debt issuances. While the evidence from the security choice analysis largely favors the market timing theory, some support is also established for the trade-off and pecking order theories. We conclude that there is no single theory that fully explains the capital structure of REITs.
Teachers’ Emotional Intelligence and Sense of Self-efficacy Beliefs: A study on Second Cycle Public Primary School EFL Teachers in Bahir Dar Town, Ethiopia

The purpose of this study was to examine second cycle public primary school English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers‟ level of emotional intelligence (EI) and self-efficacy beliefs and the relationship between the two constructs. Forty-three randomly selected EFL teachers were taken as a sample of the study. To generate data and answer the research questions, the researcher adapted two questionnaires – EFL teachers‟ EI and self-efficacy beliefs - from two separate sources and the instruments were checked for their reliability and validity. Data generated through the administration of the questionnaires were analyzed by using one sample t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study indicated that EFL teachers‟ EI and self-efficacy beliefs were found low as the observed means trailed far behind from the expected means in all the major categories of the two constructs. However, significant and strong relationship was found between EFL teachers‟ EI and sense of self-efficacy beliefs. In conclusion, the participants fell short off the expected levels of EI and self-efficacy beliefs, albeit an iota of the constructs was observed. Following the shift in orientation from teacher-centered to student-centered curriculum which underpins the application of communicative-based English textbooks, the two constructs are suggested to be incorporated both in EFL teacher preparation and professional development programs so as to address both cognitive and affective side of the target language learning and teaching. Keywords : Emotional Intelligence; Self-Efficacy beliefs; Second Cycle; Public Primary School; EFL teachers
Copepod egg production in Long Island Sound, USA, as a function of the chemical composition of seston

The effect of the chemical composition of seston on the egg-production rates (E,: eggs female-' d') of the copepods Acartia hudsonica Pinhey and Ternora longicornis (Muller) was studied in Long Island Sound, USA, (41" 00' N, 73' 05' W) during spring 1990. The seston was analyzed for carbon, nitrogen, protein, carbohydrate (CHO) and fatty acid content as well as chlorophyll (chl) and ciliate concentrations. Pnncipal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant correlations [score >0.7 on a same principal component (PC)] between in situ E, of the 2 copepod species and the chemical composition of the seston. Protein, C H 0 and specific fatty acids correlated strongly with E, of A. hudsonica (CH0 negatively). The same components were moderately correlated (score >0.6 on a same PC) with the E, of T. longicornis. The fatty acid requirements of A. hudsonica and 7. longicornis were for high o3: w6 ratios and low 20:s to 22:6 ratios. The fatty acid 22:603 was also correlated with E, of both species. The concentration of ciliates and the C:N ratio of seston did not affect E, of any of the species under any condition. Path analysis models were composed to evaluate the important mechanisms controlling the E, observed in this study. The analysis demonstrated the strength and importance of indirect relationships that were not apparent from conventional correlation statistics. The results from 4 path analysis models showed that chl and ciliates exert an important control on natural egg production rates, through their chemical composition, despite the fact that linear correlations between phytoplankton and clliates and E, were not significant.
Carbon nanowalls grown by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition during the carbonization of polyacrylonitrile fibers

We used microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) to carbonize an electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor to form carbon fibers. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fibers at different evolution stages. It was found that MPECVD-carbonized PAN fibers do not exhibit any significant change in the fiber diameter, whilst conventionally carbonized PAN fibers show a 33% reduction in the fiber diameter. An additional coating of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) was formed on the surface of the carbonized PAN fibers during the MPECVD process without the assistance of any metallic catalysts. The result presented here may have a potential to develop a novel, economical, and straightforward approach towards the mass production of carbon fibrous materials containing CNWs.
Convex functions on complete noncompact manifolds : differentiable structure

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Modification in Atmospheric Refractivity and GPS Based TEC as Earthquake Precursors

The present paper reports the modification in GPS TEC (total electron content) and atmospheric refractivity prior to the Iran earthquake that had occurred on 16 April 2013 in Iran (28.10°N, 62.05°E). The analysis of GPS-based TEC from two GPS receivers, Surat (21.16°N, 72.78°E) and Lucknow (26.91°N, 80.95°E ) and results of atmospheric refractivity profile for radiosonde observation stations (Shiraz, Iran and Delhi, India) around the fault line are presented in this paper. It is seen that atmospheric refractivity gets modified from 8 to 6 days prior to the earthquake at Shiraz, Iran and Delhi, India. The GPS TEC showed variations a few days prior to the earthquake. We conclude that in search of precursory signatures for an earthquake, both GPS TEC and refractivity are important parameters.
Methods of teaching and goals of teaching: teaching styles of teachers in higher institutions

The objective of this study was to determine the teaching styles of teachers in higher institutions. One hundred and forty lecturers in one university were recruited as participants for the study. A teaching style inventory developed by the Centre for Occupational Research and Development was used to determine the teaching style of the individual lecturers. The teaching style is made up of two dimensions, the goal of teaching and the method of teaching. The results indicate that the cooperative-active teaching method is most preferred by the education and engineering lecturers; the cooperative-symbolic method is most preferred by the management lecturers and the individualized-enactive teaching method is preferred most by the information technology lecturers. On the teaching goal dimension, application and understanding are the most cited goals of teaching (preferred by 50% or more at all faculties) while rote and abstract learning is the least preferred teaching goal (preferred by less or equal to 10% at all faculties). In conclusion, teaching styles of teachers in higher institution may differ on the method of teaching dimension - depending on disciplines - but tend to be similar on the goal of teaching dimension.
Magnetic flux generation and transport in cool stars

Context. The Sun and other cool stars harbouring outer convection zones manifest magnetic activity in their atmospheres. The connection between this activity and the properties of a deep-seated dynamo generating the magnetic flux is not well understood. Aims. By employing physical models, we study the spatial and temporal characteristics of the observable surface field for various stellar parameters. Methods. We combine models for magnetic flux generation, buoyancy instability, and transport, which encompass the entire convection zone. The model components are: (i) a thin-layer αΩ dynamo at the base of the convection zone; (ii) buoyancy instabilities and the rise of flux tubes through the convection zone in 3D, which provides a physically consistent determination of emergence latitudes and tilt angles; and (iii) horizontal flux transport at the surface. Results. For solar-type stars and rotation periods longer than about 10 days, the latitudinal dynamo waves generated by the deep-seated αΩ dynamo are faithfully reflected by the surface distribution of magnetic flux. For rotation periods of the order of two days, however, Coriolis acceleration of rising flux loops leads to surface flux emergence at much higher latitudes than the dynamo waves at the bottom of the convection zone reach. A similar result is found for a K0V star with a rotation period of two days. In the case of a rapidly rotating K1 subgiant, overlapping dynamo waves lead to noisy activity cycles and mixed-polarity fields at high latitudes. Conclusions. The combined model reproduces the basic observed features of the solar cycle. The differences between the latitude distributions of the magnetic field at the bottom of the convection zone and the emerging surface flux grow with increasing rotation rate and convection zone depth, becoming quite substantial for rapidly rotating dwarfs and subgiants. The dynamical evolution of buoyantly rising magnetic flux should be considered as an essential ingredient in stellar dynamo models.
A preliminary study to assess the construct validity of a cultural intelligence measure on a South African sample

Orientation: Cultural intelligence is an essential social competence for effective individual interaction in a cross-cultural context. The cultural intelligence scale (CQS) is used extensively for assessing cultural intelligence; nevertheless, its reliability and validity on a South African sample are yet to be ascertained. Research purpose: The purpose of the current study was to assess the construct validity of the CQS on a South African sample. The results of the psychometric assessment offer some important insights into the factor structure of the cultural intelligence construct. Motivation for the study: The current study sought to provide some practical validity confirmation of the CQS for the effective management of cultural diversity in the South African context. Research approach, design and method: The CQS was administered on a non-probability sample of 229 young adults in South Africa. Item analysis was performed to ascertain reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was used to test the unidimensionality of CQS subscales. The first-order and second-order factor structures underlying contemporary models of cultural intelligence were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Main findings: Results indicated that the CQS is a reliable and valid measure of cultural intelligence as evidenced by the high internal consistency coefficients in all the subscales. Good construct validity for both the first-order and second-order models was obtained via confirmatory factor analysis. Practical/managerial implications: The study finds good measurement properties of the CQS in a South African context. The CQS can be confidently used for applications such as selecting, training and developing a more culturally competent workforce. Contribution: The study extends the body of knowledge on the reliability and construct validity of the CQS in the South African milieu. It further indicates that cultural intelligence can be represented by a general cultural intelligence factor that drives more specific dimensions of cultural intelligence.