Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The injury epidemiology of infants and toddlers in Qatar

Background and Objectives: The epidemiology of child injuries among infants and toddlers (IAT) in Qatar has not been fully described. This study will analyze the injury epidemiology of fatal and non-fatal injuries in IAT and provide recommendations for targeted injury prevention programs for IAT in Qatar. Method: Data from the Qatar statistics authority (QSA), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) Trauma Registry and the mortuary for the years 2009 and 2010 were collected and analyzed. All injuries and injury mortalities to children ages 0-4 were included. Results: For IAT, one in thirteen (7.7%) deaths is caused by injuries with slightly more males (55%) affected. The leading fatal mechanisms were motor vehicle crashes (MVC's) (45%), followed equally by drowning, falls, burns and poisoning. Every year, there are 170 IAT admissions to the Trauma Center of HMC for severe injuries. Males comprise 70% of admissions, with a median age of 2.67 years, 17% were <1 year old. Mean injury severity score (ISS) was 6.2, median ISS was 4. Mean LOS was 4.57 days, median was 2 days. The leading reasons for admission were falls (43%), burns (25%), pedestrian (12%) and passenger (10%) MVC's. The majority (66%) of the injuries occurred at home. The mortality rate of admissions was 2.1%, 71% were males. MVC's were the leading cause of death (57%), equally divided between pedestrians and passengers, and falls happening at home caused 43% of deaths. Conclusions: Two-thirds of severe injuries to IATs happen at home where they are supposed to be safest and under the constant supervision of a responsible adult. While the majority of them are non-fatal, the leading mechanisms, falls and burns, can often lead to lifelong disability. These injuries can contribute to significant developmental delays and psychiatric trauma in IATs and considerable costs to the state.
Blind signal separation using overcomplete subband representation

This paper discusses a multirate filterbank-based extended infomax algorithm for real-world signal separation, i.e., convolved mixtures separation. Since convolution in the time domain corresponds to instantaneous mixing in the frequency domain, polyphase subband projection naturally becomes an efficient alternative to the Fourier transform based frequency domain approach. The online implementation proposed is featured by a simultaneous inverse channel identification in the frequency domain and signal filtering in the time domain. It is shown that an over-representation structure reduces aliasing between different bands and results in more accurate inverse channel estimates. Therefore, it provides better performance than the Fourier transform based structure in the measures of both separation and distortion. The performance limitation of the method is also evaluated in terms of the Wiener solution.
The Role of Interferon-γ in Murine Pneumococcal Pneumonia

mice. In contrast, mice treated with anti–I FN-g did not demonstrate a consistently altered bacterial outgrowth, compared with mice treated with a control antibody. These data suggest that endogenous IFN-g, despite its protective role in defense against intracellular pathogens, does not serve a protective role during pneumococcal pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive bacterium responsible for . 50% of the cases of community-acquired pneumonia. Pneumococcal pneumonia is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide, and, among patients with communityacquired pneumonia who require hospitalization, the mortality rate is as high as 25% [1, 2]. Against this background, and because of the growing resistance of the pneumococcus to antimicrobial therapy, it is important to gain insight into the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia [3]. Innate defense mechanisms play an important role in the elimination of bacteria from the alveolus. Phagocytic cells, as well as residential NK cells and T cells, participate in this response via the elaboration of chemotactic and regulatory cytokines [4]. Interferon (IFN)‐g is a potent proinflammatory cytokine, produced mainly by antigen-activated T and NK cells. IFN-g exerts several immune regulatory activities, including activation of phagocytes, stimulation of antigen presentation by increasing the expression of class I and II major histocompatibility complex molecules on antigen-presenting cells, orchestration of leukocyteendothelium interactions, and stimulation of the respiratory
Multiple bone tuberculosis in a child from predynastic Upper Egypt (3200 BC)

Tuberculosis, one of the most ancient human diseases, was present in ancient Egypt and has been observed since predynastic times. Excavations in the predynastic to early dynastic necropolis of Adaima, Upper Egypt (3500-2700 BC) led to the discovery of a number of remarkably well-preserved skeletons of children. The skeletal remains of a 4.5-5-year-old child dated from Nagada III A2 (3200-3100 BC) displayed various lesions on the post-cranial skeleton: spondylitis on the thoracic (T12) and lumbar (L1) vertebrae, partial lytic destruction of the right radio-ulnar joint, lytic lesions on the scapula and a clavicle, dactylitis on the short bones of hands and feet, enlargement (spina ventosa) and periosteal new bone formation on the long bones. Radiographs show well-defined radiolucent (cyst-like) lesions in the meta- physis and the diaphysis of long tubular bones (ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula). The lesions recorded during macroscopic and radiological analysis strongly suggest a case of multiple bone tuberculosis. The occurrence of this case of tuberculosis in a child provides a picture of a period where tuberculosis must have been endemic throughout the population living during the origins of urban settlement in Upper Egypt during the predynastic period. Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatores de risco de aterosclerose na infância. Um estudo epidemiológico

PURPOSE: To obtain a profile of risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis in a pediatric population from Bento Goncalves, Rio Grande do Sul, from May 1990 to June 1991. METHODS: One thousand five hundred and one children with ages from 6 to 15 years were studied to assess serum cholesterol levels and their association with other risk factors, such as arterial hypertension, obesity and family history of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty (27.98%) children showed cholesterol levels over 180mg%; 75 (5%) had systolic hypertension and 48 (3.20%) diastolic hypertension. The family history was important to search for risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, but did not exclude risk factors when negative. One hundred and thirty six (9.06%) children showed hipetriglyceridemia; 155 (10.33%) presented LDL-cholesterol above 130mg% and showed a strong association with hypercholesterolemia. Obesity was present in 111 children, but none showed a major prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for atherosclerosis are present in children and their search should be performed, independent of family income, family history, age and sex. The pediatrician must have a significant role in this setting.
The Influence of Subjective Oral Dryness and Salivary Volume on Polydipsia in Patients with Schizophrenia

Aim: For the treatment of polydipsia, medication and occupational therapy are implemented. Since polysipsia canʼt be completely intercepted, patients are isolated or restrained in severe case. Determining the predictive factors of polysipsia may lead to decreasing abnormal water consumption. This study aimed to reveal the influence of subjective oral dryness, salivary volume and other factors including medication on polydipsia in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Fifty-two patients were divided into two groups: a polydipsia patient (PD) group and a non-polydipsia patient (NPD) group. Their age, medical history, age of onset of schizophrenia, duration of suffering, tobacco, frequency of mouth opening, subjective oral dryness, number of medications, number of xerogenic medications, chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalent dose, salivary volume and salivary spinability were investigated. Results: The number of total medications was significantly higher than that of the NPD group. Subjective oral dryness of the PD group was rated as ʻsevereʼ compared with the NPD group, and the frequency of mouth opening in the PD group was higher than the NPD group, though there were no significant differences. There was no significant difference in salivary volume and spinability between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis that demonstrated the predictors of polydipsia were tobacco and number of medications. Conclusion: It was shown that the predictors of polydipsia were tobacco and number of medications. The polydipsia may reduce by decreasing medications and quitting tobacco.
Emotional distress among people with epilepsy in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria

Background: Epilepsy is associated with significant psychiatric morbidities. However, little is known about epilepsy and emotional distress in northern Nigeria. Aim: To assess the prevalence and determinants of emotional distress among people with epilepsy (PWE) in Kaduna, northern Nigeria. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January, 2011 and June, 2011. Materials and Methods: We administered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale as well as the Oslo 3-Items Social Support Scale to 209 consecutive PWE of at least 1 year duration attending the outpatient clinic of Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kaduna in order to measure their levels of anxiety and depression, and social support. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects were also recorded. Results: The 209 subjects consisted of 123 (58.7%) males and 86 (41.3%) females with mean age of 28.7 (SD, 12.1) years. Majority have strong social support (56.3%) and less than 6 months seizure-free periods (82.3%). The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 20.2% and 15.4% respectively. Older age, being a female, poor social support and short seizure-free periods were significantly associated with emotional distress (P value < 0.05) while female sex (OR = 2.201, P value = 0.024, 95% CI = 1.108 - 4.373) and poor support (OR = 0.361, P value = 0.024, 95% CI = 0.149 - 0.875) predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms respectively. Conclusion: Emotional distress is quite common among PWE and should be taken into consideration in the management of patients with this disorder.
Variable selection algorithm for the construction of MIMO operating point dependent neurofuzzy networks

An input variable selection procedure is introduced for the identification and construction of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) neurofuzzy operating point dependent models. The algorithm is an extension of a forward modified Gram-Schmidt orthogonal least squares procedure for a linear model structure which is modified to accommodate nonlinear system modeling by incorporating piecewise locally linear model fitting. The proposed input nodes selection procedure effectively tackles the problem of the curse of dimensionality associated with lattice-based modeling algorithms such as radial basis function neurofuzzy networks, enabling the resulting neurofuzzy operating point dependent model to be widely applied in control and estimation. Some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed construction algorithm.
An open access thyroid ultrasound image database

Computer aided diagnosis systems (CAD) have been developed to assist radiologists in the detection and diagnosis of abnormalities and a large number of pattern recognition techniques have been proposed to obtain a second opinion. Most of these strategies have been evaluated using different datasets making their performance incomparable. In this work, an open access database of thyroid ultrasound images is presented. The dataset consists of a set of B-mode Ultrasound images, including a complete annotation and diagnostic description of suspicious thyroid lesions by expert radiologists. Several types of lesions as thyroiditis, cystic nodules, adenomas and thyroid cancers were included while an accurate lesion delineation is provided in XML format. The diagnostic description of malignant lesions was confirmed by biopsy. The proposed new database is expected to be a resource for the community to assess different CAD systems.
A Comparison Between Post-Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Fibromyalgia

Objective: To compare clinical features of the fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS] patients of presumed traumatic etiology with those of non-traumatic origin, and correlate these findings with occupational status, using a prospective transversal study of symptom prevalences. Methods: Patients with FMS according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria were interviewed with a structured questionnaire about biodemographic characteristics, work and disability status, and the presence of 27 symptoms. They underwent pain evaluation by visual analog scale, pressure dolorimetry, and tender point count. Results: A total of 135 patients were evaluated, 48 with a history of trauma [group T] and 87 with a non-traumatic history [group NT]. Falls, automobile accidents, and aggressions were responsible for 13 of the traumatic events; work caused the other 35 events. Group T showed a longer period of formal education, but no other difference in terms of biodemographic data. A higher percentage of group T than group NT individuals was not working [retired: 14.6 percent versus 11.5 percent, on disability pension: 47.9 percent versus 12.6 percent, unemployed: 12.5 percent versus 6.9 percent, respectively, P < 0.001]. The groups were similar in terms of symptoms prevalence, but group T had higher prevalences of abdominal cramps and disturbances of concentration. Conclusions: Traumatic and non-traumatic FMS patients showed clinically similar results, although group T patients are considered more disabled for work. The authors question the reliability of the methods used for evaluation of work disability.
Manual of histologic staining methods of the Armed forces institute of pathology

(SD-008). 2. L.G. Luna (Ed.), Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (3rd ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York (1968). (SD-008). Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology: 9780070015074: Reference Books @ Amazon.com. stem cells: mechanisms of inflammation,” Annual Review of Pathology, vol. Luna, Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute.
Simple Markov-chain algorithms for generating bipartite graphs and tournaments

We consider two problems: randomly generating labeled bipartite graphs with a given degree sequence and randomly generating labeled tournaments with a given score sequence. We analyze simple Markov chains for both problems. For the first problem, we cannot prove that our chain is rapidly mixing in general, but in the (near-) regular case, i.e. when all the degrees are (almost) equal, we give a proof of rapid mixing. Our methods also apply to the corresponding problem for general (nonbipartite) regular graphs which was studied earlier by several researchers. One significant difference in our approach is that our chain has one state for every graph (or bipartite graph) with the given degree sequence; in particular, there are no auxiliary states as in the chain used by Jerrum and Sinclair. For the problem of generating tournaments, we are able to prove that our Markov chain on tournaments is rapidly mixing, if the score sequence is near-regular. The proof techniques we use for the two problems are similar.
Resternotomy, a single-center experience

Background Reoperations are technically more difficult because of the risks associated with reentry in a heart with more advanced pathology, little reserve, and more frequent comorbidities. Routine peripheral cannulation before resternotomy is inadvisable, time-consuming, and has no noticeable role in decreasing the risks of reentry. We present our experience of resternotomy without routine peripheral cannulation. Methods This was a retrospective study on 237 consecutive patients who underwent resternotomy between June 2011 and July 2013. Their mean age was 47.7 ± 18.2 years. We chose the best approach individually, according to lateral radiograph findings, patient risk factors, and previous surgery. Our goal was to observe events intraoperatively and their outcomes postoperatively. Results Mean intensive care unit stay was 3.1 ± 0.9 days. Twenty-one (8.8%) patients died during their hospital stay. The most common cause of death was renal failure in 15 (71.4%) patients, coagulopathy in 4 (19%), and cardiac failure in 2 (9.5%). We had 3 right ventricular, one right atrial, one pulmonary artery, and 2 inferior vena caval tears during resternotomy and dissection; bleeding was controlled easily without peripheral cannulation. Femoral cannulation before resternotomy was performed in one patient who needed an emergency pulmonary embolectomy. Conclusions Based on our experience, resternotomy with central cannulation is a safe strategy, and peripheral cannulation before resternotomy should be reserved for highly selected patients.
Reply to Valproic Acid for the Treatment of Myeloid Malignancies

W e read with interest Drs. Kuendgen and Gattermann’s recent review on valproic acid (VPA) for the treatment of myeloid malignancies. We suggest that response to VPA in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients may be underestimated in current literature because of relatively short durations of treatment in published studies. At our institution, we conducted a pilot study of VPA monotherapy in MDS. Patient response was assessed after 4–6 weeks of VPA at serum concentrations of 50–100 mg/mL. Of evaluable patients (n 1⁄4 15), 4 (27%) showed hematologic improvement (HI) per International Working Group criteria, with responses seen only in patients with low-risk disease, consistent with results of Kuendgen et al. One such subject, a 38-year-old female with no significant past medical history, presented with a 50-lb weight loss and symptomatic anemia. A diagnostic bone marrow revealed myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (MDSRCMD). Her International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score was 0 (3% blasts on aspirate; normal female karyotype; Hg, 9.3). She required red cell (PRBC) transfusions every 3 weeks. During Months 1–7 of VPA therapy, her median Hg rose to 9.8; she received 1 PRBC transfusion. Between Months 7–12 of therapy, her hemoglobin improved by an additional 3.1 g/dL. She reported increased energy and appetite and demonstrated a 23-lb weight gain. Her response at 4–6 weeks was characterized as HI-erythroid. Her best response to VPA, a complete peripheral blood remission, occurred, however, after 7.5 months of continuous therapy and is sustained, now 32 months after initiation of therapy, with a median Hg of 13.2 during the last 2 years. Our experience with VPA suggests that sustained responses to VPA monotherapy are possible; furthermore, similar to other epigenetic agents used in MDS, responses to VPA may not be apparent for months. Patients with stable disease and minor responses may need treatment for longer durations before a final assessment is made. This observation may be important in designing future VPA and other HDAC-I studies for low-risk MDS patients.
Bridging differential understanding of environmental risk of breast cancer: Why so hard?

The incidence of breast cancer in the UK continues to increase: the lifetime risk for women is now one in nine. The reasons for this are hotly disputed by scientists (toxicologists, molecular biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists), breast cancer activists, and environmentalists, with a range of theories about breast cancer causation. There is a significant degree of disagreement between these various stakeholders, and a lack of effective dialogue among them. This paper reports on the findings of an innovative project investigating these issues. The study both explored the different standpoints taken up by the various players, and actively intervened to create opportunities for dialogue among them. Thus interviews were arranged with a range of policy makers, scientists, clinicians and health workers, breast cancer activists, environmentalists and others, in order for them to outline their understanding and theories of breast cancer causation. In addition, a series of ‘hearings’ were held where the different stakeholders had an opportunity to listen to each other and air their views, and allowed us to assess whether there could be any possibility of bridging the divide between their viewpoints. Our findings and analysis throw light on the factors that inhibit, and indeed might facilitate, effective communication of divergent ideas. We identify three epistemological positions which we call ‘traditionalist’, ‘dissident traditionalist’ and ‘dissident/challenge’, and conclude by suggesting that an appreciation of the stakeholders’ worldviews in this way, and the underlying ideological premises, provides an important indication as to why debates on breast cancer causation are so vociferous.
Fabrication of Suspended III-V Nanofoils by Inverse Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching of In0.49Ga0.51P/GaAs Heteroepitaxial Films.

Metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) has been established as a low-cost, benchtop, and versatile method for large-scale fabrication of semiconductor nanostructures and has been heralded as an alternative to conventional top-down approaches such as reactive-ion etching. However, extension of this technique to ternary III-V compound semiconductor alloys and heteroepitaxial systems has remained relatively unexplored. Here, Au-assisted and inverse-progression MacEtch (I-MacEtch) of the heteroepitaxial In0.49Ga0. 51P/GaAs material system is demonstrated, along with a method for fabricating suspended InGaP nanofoils of tunable thickness in solutions of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A comparison between Au- and Cr-patterned samples is used to demonstrate the catalytic role of Au in the observed etching behavior. Vertical etch rates for nominally undoped, p-type, and n-type InGaP are determined to be ∼9.7, ∼8.7, and ∼8.8 nm/min, respectively. The evolution of I-MacEtch in the InGaP/GaAs system is tracked, leading to the formation of nanocavities located at the center of off-metal windows. Upon nanocavity formation, additional localized mass-transport pathways to the underlying GaAs substrate permit its rapid dissolution. Differential etch rates between the epilayer and substrate are exploited in the fabrication of InGaP nanofoils that are suspended over micro-trenches formed in the GaAs substrate. A model is provided for the observed I-MacEtch mechanism, based on an overlap of neighboring injected hole distribution profiles. The nanofabrication methodology shown here can be applied to various heteroepitaxial III-V systems and can directly impact the conventional processing of device applications in photonics, optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and nanoelectronics.