Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L., effect of harvesting dates, growing media and fertilizers

The effects of the harvesting date, growing media and fertilizers on the yield and chemical composition of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. maintained in pots were evaluated. The highest oil yield was always obtained in June, being superior or equal to 1 %. Myrcene was the major component present in the essential oils with concentrations always exceeding 20 %, independent on the factors studied. 1,8-Cineole (8.0-12.2 %), α-pinene (8.8-16.5 %) and, in some instances, camphor (4.4-14.1 %) could be also detected in considerable amounts, however never exceeding the myrcene percentages. The amounts of camphor (4.4-8.5 %) were always inferior to the 1,8-cineole levels (8.8-11.8 %) in the local sandy soil regardless the fertilization used. Generally, the lowest levels of myrcene and verbenone were observed during January and April while the highest amounts of 1,8-cineole was observed in April or June. The yield and the chemical composition of the rosemary oils seemed to be more sensitive to the temperature, photoperiod and collection period than to the growing media material or to the fertilization used.
Investigating stock-outs in Johannesburg’s warehouse retail liquor sector

Purpose: The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate how management practices and processes contribute to stock-outs in the warehouse retail liquor sector in Johannesburg. Research design: A pragmatic research philosophy was used in a multi-case approach to determine the association between business management practices and stock-outs. The unit of analysis of the study is the highest turnover outlets. Findings: The results revealed that retailers base demand forecasting on judgement and naive or simple moving average forecast methods. There is little consideration of variability, lead time or targeted customer service levels when determining optimal inventory levels. Product breakages are common, implying that data inaccuracies and stock-outs are highly probable. Information sharing between the retailers and suppliers is limited and formal collaboration programmes do not exist. The respondents revealed that frequent stock-outs resulted in poor business performance characterised by declining sales, customer retention and competitive advantage. Limitations: Although the sample selected represented a significant portion of the top 50% contributors to the sector’s sales, the sample is small and the focus of the study is limited, which decreases the generalisability of the results. Practical implications: Retailers can reduce stock-outs by investing in improvements in demand forecasting, synchronisation through collaboration and training of employees. Originality or value: This study provides empirical evidence of the linkages between poor management practices and processes, stock-outs, customer service and business performance.
Impact on floating thin elastic sheets: Dynamic wrinkling is controlled by fluid inertia

We investigate the impact of a solid sphere onto an ultra-thin, polymer sheet floating on water. The vertical deflection of the sheet's centre draws material radially inwards, and results in an orthoradial compression that is relieved by the wrinkling of the entire sheet. Here we show that this wrinkling is truly dynamic, exhibiting features that are qualitatively different to those seen in quasi-static wrinkling experiments. In particular, we show that the wrinkles coarsen dynamically, rather than exhibiting the refinement that has been reported in quasi-static experiments. This difference is due to the inhibiting effect of the fluid inertia, which also limits the region of the sheet that experiences a significant vertical deflection. As well as studying the wrinkling in detail, we suggest that the presence of such thin elastic sheets at interfaces may be an effective way of reducing the splash that would otherwise be observed.
Isolation and identification of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle slaughtered from an abattoir in Garanhuns , Pernambuco Isolamento e identificação de Mycobacterium bovis em bovinos abatidos em matadouro público de Garanhuns , Pernambunco

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (CMT), members including M. bovis. The sanitary inspection in slaughterhouses has a great importance on public health for the removal of contaminated meat with pathological lesions. Cattle slaughtered in the abattoir of Garanhuns were subjected to macroscopic, histological, bacteriological, and molecular analyses. Lung inspection revealed gross lesions suggestive of tuberculosis. The characterization of tuberculous granulomas was performed by histopathology and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The identification of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was performed on smears with fresh material and histological staining using Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Bacteriological diagnosis was carried out using Stonebrink and Lowenstein-Jensen media, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed from the DNA extracted from colonies for the identification of Mycobacterium spp. We found that 1% (32/3,.180) of the collected lungs showed lesions suggestive of tuberculosis. Histopathological analysis revealed that 65.62% (21/32) samples had granulomatous pneumonia. AFB was detected in 46.88% (15/32) smears and 4.16% (1/24) histological sections, as analyzed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Moreover, 68.75% (22/32) samples showed bacterial growth and molecular identification 90% (18/20) of the samples were positive for M. bovis and 10% (2/20) for Mycobacterium sp. Thus, microbiological culture and PCR analyses revealed the high rate of bovine tuberculosis in this region, indicative of the need to disclose these results in the interest of public health. Consequently, we emphasize the need for an accurate macroscopic evaluation of lesions suggestive of bovine tuberculosis.
Isopoll Maps and an Analysis of the Distribution of the Modern Pollen Rain, Eastern and Central Northern Canada

At 39 sites in eastern and central northern Canada, multiple samples of surface moss and lichens have been analyzed for their pollen content. Although pollen from 20 to 30 taxa were identified in the samples from each site, 8 pollen types (Alnus, Betula, Picea. Pinus, Salix, Gramineae, Cyperaceae and Ericaceae) usually comprise 90 to 100% of the pollen rain. We present isopoll maps of these taxa based on mean percentages of multiple samples from the 39 sites. The data are further analyzed by a number of statistical methods to determine whether there are specific pollen assemblages within this region and to what extent present day climatic parameters and floristic/vegetation zones correlate with pollen counts. Cluster analysis on raw data and on principal component scores yields six distinct pollen assemblages which are further examined by discriminant analysis. Pollen concentration maps for eastern Canada are also presented here and used as an aid in interpreting the percentage data.
Kinematics of the ionized-to-neutral interfaces in Monoceros R2

Context. Monoceros R2 (Mon R2), at a distance of 830 pc, is the only ultra-compact H ii region (UC H ii) where its associated photon-dominated region (PDR) can be resolved with the Herschel Space Observatory. Aims. Our aim is to investigate observationally the kinematical patterns in the interface regions (i.e., the transition from atomic to molecular gas) associated with Mon R2. Methods. We used the HIFI instrument on board Herschel to observe the line profiles of the reactive ions CH + ,O H + ,a nd H 2O + toward different positions in Mon R2. We derive the column density of these molecules and compare them with gas-phase chemistry models. Results. The reactive ion CH + is detected both in emission (at central and red-shifted velocities) and in absorption (at blue-shifted velocities). The OH + ion is detected in absorption at both blue- and red-shifted velocities, with similar column densities; H2O + is not detected at any of the positions, down to a rms of 40 mK toward the molecular peak. At this position, we find that the OH + absorption originates in a mainly atomic medium, and therefore is associated with the most exposed layers of the PDR. These results are consistent with the predictions from photo-chemical models. The line profiles are consistent with the atomic gas being entrained in the ionized gas flow along the walls of the cavity of the H ii region. Based on this evidence, we are able to propose a new geometrical model for this region. Conclusions. The kinematical patterns of the OH + and CH + absorption indicate the existence of a layer of mainly atomic gas for which we have derived, for the first time, some physical parameters and its dynamics.
Temporal trends in elephant Loxodonta africana numbers and densities in northern Botswana: is the population really increasing?

Abstract The apparent increase in elephant Loxodonta africana numbers in northern Botswana is of concern because it may affect other species. We compared changes in population growth rates based on elephant numbers and densities over 1973–2004. Population estimates and survey details extracted from published and unpublished sources allowed us to calculate growth rates. From 1973 to 1993 growth rate was positive when based on elephant numbers but did not differ from zero when calculated for densities. This discrepancy may be because of the significant increase in survey area during the same period. In contrast, none of the growth rates differed from zero for time series between 1996 and 2004, when the size of the survey area varied little. We propose two explanations for these results. The first suggests that the population did not grow, while the second proposes that the population expanded its range and increased in size. Notwithstanding, an equilibrium model best explained the variance in dry season estimates of elephant numbers for the complete time series. Such apparent density-dependence could be disrupted by any artificial reduction of numbers through culling as a management option in northern Botswana.
AN ANOMALOUS QUIESCENT STELLAR MASS BLACK HOLE

We present the results of a 40 ks Chandra observation of the quiescent stellar mass black hole GS 1354-64. A total of 266 net counts are detected at the position of this system. The resulting spectrum is found to be consistent with the spectra of previously observed quiescent black holes, i.e., a power law with a photon index of Γ ∼ 2. The inferred luminosity in the 0.5–10 keV band is found to lie in the range 0.5–6.5 × 1034 erg s−1, where the uncertainty in the distance is the dominant source of this large luminosity range. Nonetheless, this luminosity is over an order of magnitude greater than that expected from the known distribution of quiescent stellar mass black hole luminosities and makes GS 1354-64 the only known stellar mass black hole to disagree with this relation. This observation suggests the possibility of significant accretion persisting in the quiescent state.
Phase-space geometry and reaction dynamics near index 2 saddles

We study the phase-space geometry associated with index 2 saddles of a potential energy surface and its influence on reaction dynamics for n degree-of-freedom (DoF) Hamiltonian systems. In recent years, similar studies have been carried out for index 1 saddles of potential energy surfaces, and the phase-space geometry associated with classical transition state theory has been elucidated. In this case, the existence of a normally hyperbolic invariant manifold (NHIM) of saddle stability type has been shown, where the NHIM serves as the ‘anchor’ for the construction of dividing surfaces having the no-recrossing property and minimal flux. For the index 1 saddle case, the stable and unstable manifolds of the NHIM are co-dimension 1 in the energy surface and have the structure of spherical cylinders, and thus act as the conduits for reacting trajectories in phase space. The situation for index 2 saddles is quite different, and their relevance for reaction dynamics has not previously been fully recognized. We show that NHIMs with their stable and unstable manifolds still exist, but that these manifolds by themselves lack sufficient dimension to act as barriers in the energy surface in order to constrain reactions. Rather, in the index 2 case there are different types of invariant manifolds, containing the NHIM and its stable and unstable manifolds, that act as co-dimension 1 barriers in the energy surface. These barriers divide the energy surface in the vicinity of the index 2 saddle into regions of qualitatively different trajectories exhibiting a wider variety of dynamical behavior than for the case of index 1 saddles. In particular, we can identify a class of trajectories, which we refer to as ‘roaming trajectories’, which are not associated with reaction along the classical minimum energy path (MEP). We illustrate the significance of our analysis of the index 2 saddle for reaction dynamics with two examples. The first involves isomerization on a potential energy surface with multiple (four) symmetry equivalent minima; the dynamics in the vicinity of the saddle enables a rigorous distinction to be made between stepwise (sequential) and concerted (hilltop crossing) isomerization pathways. The second example involves two potential minima connected by two distinct transition states associated with conventional index 1 saddles, and an index 2 saddle that sits between the two index 1 saddles. For the case of non-equivalent index 1 saddles, our analysis suggests a rigorous dynamical definition of ‘non-MEP’ or ‘roaming’ reactive events.
Morphosyntactic knowledge of clitics by Portuguese heritage bilinguals*

This paper focuses on the linguistic competence of adult Portuguese–German bilinguals in their heritage language, European Portuguese (EP), which they acquired at home in early childhood in the context of German as the majority language. Based on a grammaticality judgment test, we investigate their morphosyntactic knowledge of clitics. The central questions are whether possible deviations from native monolinguals may be traced back to a) lack of contact with the formal register; b) reduced input after preschool age; and c) cross-linguistic influence. The results reveal qualitative differences between the heritage speakers and a group of monolingual controls in almost all test conditions. We conclude that although the linguistic knowledge of the heritage bilinguals investigated in this study differs from that of monolinguals, it is not “deficient” but “different” and “innovative”, because it is primarily based on the spoken variety of the language and because it promotes linguistic changes which are inherent in the speech of native monolinguals.
Physical Punishment in Secondary Schools Students and Its Relation with Anxiety Level

Background: physical punishment is the physical punitive measures of parents or teachers against children or adolescent with devastating consequences when bordering on child abuse. Method: A descriptive research design aiming to assess the relationship between physical punishment and anxiety among adolescents. This study was conducted at secondary schools. The study sample consisted of 600 students. The data was collected through the two tools were used to collect the necessary data to achieve the aim of the study, they were physical punishment interview tool and anxiety scale. Results: The results revealed that the majority of secondary schools students at study sample were exposed to physical punishment at home, while more than half of them were exposed to physical punishment at school, but all levels of anxiety were increased among adolescents either exposed or not exposed to physical punishment in home and school. Conversely, In both cases the reverse no statistically significant correlation was found.While anxiety score predicted increased among female. Our study provides important new insights into the development of anxiety levels in adolescents regardless their exposure or not exposure to physical punishment. This study extends and suggests that the teachers shall be encouraged to avoid physical punishment as well as psychologically aggressive disciplinary methods and must use alternative forms of correction of students misbehavior. Provide parents and teachers information on adolescent development and behavior management through workshops, library books and brochures.
International technology spillovers from trade: the importance of the technological gap

Este trabajo analiza dos aspectos fundamentales relacionados con el comercio como canal de difusion de la tecnologia. El primero, se re.ere a la importancia que tiene la tecnologia foranea frente a la desarrollada en el propio pais para el crecimiento economico. El segundo, tiene que ver con la relevancia del gap tecnologico para asimilar el conocimiento tecnico exterior. Para ello, se emplea una version modi.cada del modelo de crecimiento propuesto por Benhabib y Spiegel (1994) que capta de forma explicita el canal de difusion de la tecnologia. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los stocks de capital humano y tecnologico son cruciales para asimilar las tecnicas foraneas. Ademas, se pone de manifiesto el mayor exito en la asimilacion de tecnologia de los paises mas avanzados.
Time-Domain Simulation of Inductive Output Tubes

In this paper, we discuss the development of a 3-D time-domain formulation and simulation code for modeling inductive output tubes (IOTs). This formulation relies on the integration of equivalent circuit equations in time coupled with the Lorentz force equations for particle trajectories. In the case of IOTs and klystrons, the equivalent circuit is a simple inductance-resistance-capacitance model. The same formulation using the equivalent circuit equations for Curnow cavities has been used to simulate coupled-cavity traveling-wave tubes. The connection between the equivalent circuit equations and the forces on the electrons used in the Lorentz force equations is through a scaling of a radio-frequency (RF) field model in which the amplitude is proportional to the cavity voltage. The RF field model can be obtained analytically [as derived in two dimensions by Kosmahl and Branch] or by means of a field map generated by electromagnetic structure simulators. The electron trajectories are integrated in these RF fields as well as using magnetostatic focusing fields and the space-charge fields. The space-charge fields are obtained by mapping the charge to a grid and then solving Poisson's equation. The new code is called NEMESIS, and we discuss the presently implemented IOT model and future development plans. Data on an IOT under development at Communications and Power Industries (CPI; K5H90W-2) have been provided for benchmarking the simulation. Comparison of NEMESIS with both anticipated performance predictions developed using scaling laws developed in-house at CPI and with actual tube performance has been good, and these comparisons are discussed in detail.
Household Willingness to Pay for Dropoff Recycling

Increased landfilling costs and state-mandated reductions in municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal have combined to increase interest in recycling as an MSW management option. Most benefit-cost analyses, however, focus solely on urban curbside recycling programs and/or fail to include the benefits which accrue to households from the opportunity to recycle. This study focuses on the economic feasibility of dropoff recycling in rural areas, presenting estimates of household willingness to pay (WTP) for dropoff recycling in a rural/suburban area of Tennessee. Using contingent valuation, the most conservative mean household WTP is near $4.00 per household per month.
Thermal Models for Online Detection of Pulp Obstructing the Cooling System of TEFC Induction Motors in Pulp Area

The cooling system of unregulated self-ventilated motors operating in the pulp area can be severely deteriorated by pulp fibers deposited in the motor frame and in the air intake area. As a result, these motors can become overheated even with operating currents below the rated current. This paper presents and evaluates three thermal models that are capable of detecting the effect of the pulp in the dissipation of the operating losses to the ambient. One model is a simple third-order model, whose frame-to-ambient resistance is affected by the presence of pulp partially blocking the air inlet. The other two models recognize the asymmetrical dissipation produced by the pulp coating the upper sector of the motor frame by defining flow paths for the different radial quarters of the motor. Through an extensive testing program, the effects of the different pulp situations on the quarter and/or equivalent thermal resistances are determined. Using these values, the temperature rises in the spot of interest using the proposed models are evaluated, showing excellent agreement with the experimental values. Finally, the different options for the use of the models for motors with and/or without temperature sensors are analyzed.
Review of Soil Organic Carbon Measurement Protocols: A US and Brazil Comparison and Recommendation

Soil organic carbon (SOC) change influences the life-cycle assessment (LCA) calculations for globally traded bio-based products. Broad agreement on the importance of SOC measurement stands in contrast with inconsistent measurement methods. This paper focuses on published SOC research on lands managed for maize (Zea mays L.) in the U.S. and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Brazil. A literature review found that reported SOC measurement protocols reflect different sampling strategies, measurement techniques, and laboratory analysis methods. Variability in sampling techniques (pits versus core samples), depths, increments for analysis, and analytical procedures (wet oxidation versus dry combustion) can influence reported SOC values. To improve consistency and comparability in future SOC studies, the authors recommend that: (a) the methods applied for each step in SOC studies be documented; (b) a defined protocol for soil pits or coring be applied; (c) samples be analyzed at 10 cm intervals for the full rooting depth and at 20 cm intervals below rooting until reaching 100 cm; (d) stratified sampling schemes be applied where possible to reflect variability across study sites; (e) standard laboratory techniques be used to differentiate among labile and stable SOC fractions; and (f) more long-term, diachronic approaches be used to assess SOC change. We conclude with suggestions for future research to further improve the comparability of SOC measurements across sites and nations.
Inter-relationship for Various Components and Path Coefficient Analysis in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

Tomato is one of the most nutritive vegetables which are very rich in Vitamin A and Vitamin C, proteins, fats and carbohydrates, food energy calories as well as other essential minerals and food elements. It is also rich in medicinal value. The study of inter relationship among various characters in the form of correlation is one of the important aspects in the selection programme for the breeder to make an effective selection based on the correlated and uncorrelated response. The direct selection for fruit yield is not sufficiently effective, as yield is polygenetically controlled and associated with number of related traits. Therefore, indirect selection is desirable for improvement of yield. A knowledge of ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 9 (2013) pp. 147-152 http://www.ijcmas. com