Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Increases The Risk of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: Obesity, Aging, Intersects and Continuum Of Progression

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease-dementia (LOAD) have become parallel global pandemics and current predictions indicate they will only increase over the coming decades. These pandemics may result from the coexistent increase of obesity and aging. T2DM is associated with cognitive impairments associated with both metabolic factors, diabetic cognopathy (DC) and an increased risk of LOAD. This review addresses possible mechanisms due to obesity, aging, intersects and mechanisms for the continuum of progression. Multiple ultrastructural images in female diabetic db/db models are utilized to demonstrate marked cellular remodeling changes and provide for the discussion of functional changes in T2DM. Throughout this review multiple endeavors to demonstrate how T2DM increases the vulnerability of the brain’s neurovascular unit (NVU), neuroglia and neurons are presented. It is difficult to condense so many links between T2DM and LOAD; however, five major intersections could be considered: i. aging (chronic age-related diseases); ii. metabolic (hyperglycemia - advanced glycation end-products and its receptor (AGE/RAGE) interactions and hyperinsulinemia – insulin resistance (a linking linchpin); iii. oxidative stress (reactive oxygen-nitrogen species); iv. inflammation (peripheral macrophage and central brain microglia); v. vascular (macrovascular accelerated atherosclerosis - vascular stiffening and microvascular NVU remodeling with resulting impaired cerebral blood flow).
Measuring Gender Bias in Word Embeddings across Domains and Discovering New Gender Bias Word Categories

Prior work has shown that word embeddings capture human stereotypes, including gender bias. However, there is a lack of studies testing the presence of specific gender bias categories in word embeddings across diverse domains. This paper aims to fill this gap by applying the WEAT bias detection method to four sets of word embeddings trained on corpora from four different domains: news, social networking, biomedical and a gender-balanced corpus extracted from Wikipedia (GAP). We find that some domains are definitely more prone to gender bias than others, and that the categories of gender bias present also vary for each set of word embeddings. We detect some gender bias in GAP. We also propose a simple but novel method for discovering new bias categories by clustering word embeddings. We validate this method through WEAT’s hypothesis testing mechanism and find it useful for expanding the relatively small set of well-known gender bias word categories commonly used in the literature.
Attempt to predict human error probability in different industry sectors using data from major accidents and Bayesian networks

© 2018 International Association for Probablistic Safety Assessment and Management (IAPSAM). All rights reserved. Looking into aviation, nuclear power generation, oil & gas and chemical industries, one can notice their interaction between organisational factors, technological systems and humans – the so-called complex socio-technical systems. To prevent accidents from occurring, engineers carry out safety analyses, and to calculate the likelihood of some scenarios they have to know the failure rates. It is easy to understand that components’ failure rates are evaluated differently from human’s failure rate. This subject is called Human Reliability Analysis (HRA), and it should be analysed ideally through the cooperation between engineers, psychologists and sociologists. Bayesian network is a probabilistic methodology that allows these three professional groups to better communicate through its intuitive graphical representation of the conditional probabilities. This paper presents a Bayesian model of a dataset of major accidents from different industrial sectors, instead of using scenario simulators and expert elicitation. The steps required to construct a model are presented together with tools for the assessment of the conditional probability and the model validation. The proposed approach allows to calculate the Human Error Probabilities as outputs of the model.
Reasoning and Proving Opportunities in Textbooks: A Comparative Analysis.

In this study, we analyzed and compared reasoning and proving opportunities in geometry lessons from American standard-based textbooks and Korean textbooks to understand how these textbooks provide student opportunities to engage in reasoning and proving activities. Overall, around 40% of exercise problems in Core Plus Mathematics Project (CPMP) ask for reasoning and proving activities while 20% of exercise problems in Korean textbooks are about reasoning and proving activities. One of the major findings is that Korean and CPMP students have different opportunities in learning geometry. It may be interesting to investigate geometric reasoning and proving performance of Korean and CPMP students to see how textbooks influence their learning.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Columbus ’ environmental impact in the New World : Land use change in the Yaque River valley

Columbus’ arrival in the New World in AD 1492 on the northern coast of Hispaniola was followed by a suite of changes in land-use. We reconstruct environmental change from a 225-cm-long sediment core from site Los Indios from an abandoned and sediment-filled meander of the Yaque River, Cibao Valley, northeastern Dominican Republic. The sediment record starts ca. AD 195 (ca. 1755 cal. yr BP) and the history of the meander infill was monitored by changing grain size distributions, organic matter concentration and pollen from wetland plants. From ca. AD 200 to ca. AD 1525, the pollen record indicates a diverse forest assemblage; however, the presence of pollen from potential crop plants suggest nearby small-scale subsistence crop cultivation. More abundant charcoal after ca. AD 1410 shows Amerindians increasingly used fire. The record of grain size distributions shows that the meander was temporarily part of a low energetic drainage system in which bedload and suspended sediments accumulated. After European colonization of Hispaniola increasing spores of coprophilous fungi evidence that Europeans had introduced during the first decades of colonization cattle in the Cibao Valley which gradually resulted in more open forest. The charcoal record around ca. AD 1650 reflects intensive forest clearing, suggesting that small-scale Pre-Colonial practice of crop cultivation became replaced by large-scale agriculture on the moist and nutrient rich soils along the Yaque River. Further deforestation and signals of erosion suggest that the population of colonists and introduced enslaved labour force must have increased rapidly. After ca. AD 1740 charcoal influx decreased suggesting that last deforestation activities used selective cutting to produce fire wood and timber for construction, rather than burning forest in situ. Two centuries after European colonization, by the 18th century, land-use within the Cibao Valley had become a balance between substantial livestock and crop cultivation (pollen grains have evidenced cereals, maize, and potentially also sugar cane, amaranthaceous crops and tobacco). After ca. AD 1950, swamp vegetation of Typha and Cyperaceae decreased, pointing to an almost fully terrestrialized meander with only few bodies of standing water, reflecting the present-day setting. This multiproxy reconstruction of anthropogenic environmental change shows a clear differentiation between an immediate introduction of livestock and after some 150 years the development of a European style agriculture, providing a context for archaeological investigations.
Rupture Process of the October 23 , 2011 Mw 7 . 1 Van Earthquake in Eastern Turkey by Joint Inversion of Teleseismic , GPS and Strong-Motion Data

On October 23, 2011, a strong earthquake (Mw=7.1) struck Van (Eastern Turkey) region and its surrounding areas at 10:41:22 UTC (hereafter referred to as Van earthquake), causing severe damage to the source region. Several studies have been carried out on the focal mechanism, seismic moment, focal depth, and rupture model of this earthquake. However, there are still significant differences in the moment release, focal depth and slip asperities among these models. Since most of these models only used a single dataset to investigate the source parameters, the reliability of these results is still a concern. In order to make clear the uncertainties and provide a reliable detailed rupture model for the main shock, we investigate the rupture process of the Van earthquake by a joint inversion of teleseismic broadband seismograms, near field static GPS displacement records and strong motion data. The inversion results indicate that the main shock is dominated by a thrust slip with a small part of left-lateral strike-slip component below the hypocenter. The rupture initiated at a focal depth of 16 km and propagated to the surface with a relatively low average rupture velocity of ~ 1.8 km/s, suggesting that the major energy of the earthquake could be released in long period band, which is the main reason why the seismic moments inverted by long period or static signals are higher than those obtained by short period data. Most of slip occurred around the hypocenter with the maximum slip of more than 3.3 m, and the associated * Yong Zheng, corresponding author, Email: zhengyong@whigg.ac. cn static stress drop is ~3 MPa. The total seismic moment of the whole fault is 5.76×1019 N·m, and most energy was released in the first 20 s, which is in the variation range of the released rupture models. The major slip is concentrated in the deeper depth, and extends to the depth around 25 km; meanwhile, the rupture in the ground surface is quite small, which explains why only weak ruptures observed at the surface caused by such a strong earthquake.
Discussion Paper Series Corruption , Seigniorage and Growth : Theory and Evidence

This paper presents an analysis of the e¤ect of bureaucratic corruption on economic growth through a public nance transmission channel. At the theoretical level, we develop a simple dynamic general equilibrium model in which nancial intermediaries make portfolio decisions on behalf of agents, and bureaucrats collect tax revenues on behalf of the government. Corruption takes the form of the embezzlement of public funds, the e¤ect of which is to increase the governments reliance on seigniorage nance. This leads to an increase in ination which, in turn, reduces capital accumulation and growth. At the empirical level, we use data on 82 countries over a 20-year period to test the predictions of our model. Taking proper account of the governments budget constraint, we nd strong evidence to support these predictions under di¤erent estimation strategies. Our results are robust to a wide range of sensitivity tests. JEL Classi cation: E6, H6, O16, O17, O42.
The overlap nano-porous polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stent in swine model evaluated by optical coherence tomography and histopathology

Objective: A potentially adverse vascular response to overlapping drug eluting stents (DES) has been reported in current research. The performance of polymer-free DES overlap has not been fully investigated. Methods: This is a randomized controlled animal study designed to evaluate the efficacy of overlapping nano-porous polymerfree sirolimus-eluting stents (PFSES) in a swine model. A total of 20 overlapping stents (3.0 mm × 12 mm) were successfully implanted in the right coronary arteries of 10 swine: 10 overlapping PFSES and 10 overlapping polymercoated sirolimus-eluting stents (PCSES). Animals underwent quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and were terminated at 1 month follow-up for completely histopathologic analyses. End points were late lumen loss, neointimal area, maximum intimal thickness, inflammation score, injury score and endothelialization score of overlapping segment. Results: At 1 month follow-up, QCA analysis indicated that lumen loss of PFSES overlap group was significantly smaller than that of PCSES overlap group (0.55±0.14 mm vs. 0.83±0.21 mm, P = 0.04). OCT evaluations also showed overlapping PFSES appeared a decreased tendency on the inhibition of neointimal area (2.99±1.19 mm2 vs. 5.01±0.61 mm2, P = 0.053) and maximum intimal thickness (0.52±0.09 mm vs. 0.94±0.29 mm, P = 0.057) compared with PCSES. Significantly lower inflammation score (1.20±0.55 vs. 2.40±0.45, P = 0.033) and incidence of heterogeneous neointima (0% vs. 80%, P = 0.048) were observed in PFSES compared with PCSES group. Notably, injury score and endothelialization were comparable between two groups. Conclusion: The nano-porous polymer-free SES overlap leads to significant inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration compared with overlapping PCSES. Further investigations are needed to validate these findings in clinical trials.
Instability-Driven Benthic Storms below the Separated Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current in a High-Resolution Ocean Model

Benthic storms are important for both the energy budget of the ocean and for sediment resuspension and transport.Using30 yearsof outputfroma high-resolution modelof the NorthAtlantic,it is foundthatmostof the benthic storms in the model occur near the western boundary in association with the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current, in regions that are generally collocated with the peak near-bottom eddy kinetic energy. A common feature is meander troughs in the near-surface jets that are accompanied by deep low pressure anomalies spinning up deep cyclones with near-bottom velocities of up to more than 0.5ms 2 1 . A case study of one of these events shows the importance of both baroclinic and barotropic instability of the jet, withenergybeingextractedfromthejetintheupstreampartofthemeandertroughandpartlyreturnedtothejetinthedownstreampartofthemeandertrough.Thismotivatesexaminingthe30-yrtimemeanofthe energy transfer from the (annual mean) background ﬂow into the eddy kinetic energy. This quantity is shown to be collocated well with the region in which benthic storms and large increases in deep cyclonic relative vorticity occur most frequently, suggesting an important role for mixed barotropic–baroclinic instability- driven cyclogenesis in generating benthic storms throughout the model simulation. Regions of the largest energy transfer and most frequent benthic storms are found to be the Gulf Stream west of the New England Seamounts and the North Atlantic Current near Flemish Cap.
The Fragmentation Phenomenon : Malaysia ‘ s experience in the Information , Communications and Telecommunications ( ICT ) Industry

Production fragmentation is an important feature of interest in the growing literature on globalisation and trade economics. The advancement of production technology and the lowering of service links costs have enabled the separation of production processes (production fragmentation) into different locations. In these different locations, parts and components are being produced, processed, traded and re-traded across different production locations before being assembled into the final product. Malaysia is considered one of the early movers in this form of export oriented strategy within its region, especially in the information, communications and telecommunications (ICT) industry. Despite extensive industrial policy supports, the ICT industry trade has been declining slowly over the past 10 years due to various reasons such as an increase in foreign competition and the inability of local industries to move up the value chain. This study attempts to identify the sources that drive fragmentation trade, in order to identify the enabling factors that sustained the industry. Empirical models shows that various internal and external factors such as relative wages, labour productivity differentials, foreign firm participation, regional trading intensity, domestic infrastructure and industrial policies played major roles in determining the development of fragmentation trade. However, they vary according to different sectors of the ICT industry. Traditional trade variables such as domestic and foreign price considerations are not the main determinants for fragmentation trade. This study also addresses key impediments in the Malaysian ICT industry and various policy suggestions to overcome them. 1 PhD Candidate, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, Crawford School of Economics & Government, Australian National University (ANU) College of Asia and the Pacific. Tel: +61 449947400. Fax: +61 2 6125 3700. E-mail: andrew.kam@anu.edu. au
On the Generalization of Hypergeometric and Confluent Hypergeometric Functions and Their Applications for Finding the Derivatives of the Generalized Jacobi Polynomials

Recently, some generalizations of the generalized gamma, beta, Gauss hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions have been introduced in the literature. Most of the special functions, such as Jacobi polynomials, can be expressed in terms of Gauss hypergeometric function (GHF) and confluent hypergeometric function (CHF). The main object of this paper is to express explicitly the derivatives of generalized Jacobi polynomials in terms of Jacobi polynomials themselves, by using generalized hypergeometric functions of any degree that have been differentiated an arbitrary numbers of times. The results for the special cases of generalized Ultraspherical polynomials and Chebyshev polynomials of the first, second, third and fourth kinds and Legendre polynomials are also given.
GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS OF RAUNKIAERIAN LIFE-FORM SPECTRA IN CHINA

The first quantitative picture of the geographical distribution pattern of plant life-form spectra in China using SPSS and ArcGIS is presented. Based on the plant species data in 147 nature reserves across China and Raunkiaerian life-form classification system, we classified those reserves into five clusters using the cluster analysis. We quantified the mean proportions of phanerophytes, chamaephytes, hemicryptophytes, cryptophytes, and therophytes in each cluster to capture the essential life-form spectrum and simulated its geographical pattern at the large-scale in terms of its favorable climate conditions. We found that consistent with the biomes of China, the biological spectrum dominated by phanerophytes was mainly distributed in the subtropical region, and the spectrum dominated by hemicryptophytes concentrated in the temperate region. This full regional picture of Raunkiaerian life-form spectra in China will be helpful in the comprehensive understanding of the flora composition in China and provide theoretical guidance for the forest management and biodiversity conservation in the terrestrial ecosystems.
Diabetes induced internal organs inflammation in non-obese type 2 diabetic rats

Podsawee Mongkolpathumrat1,2, Nuttikarn Nokkaew1,2, Punyanuch Adulyaritthikul1,2, Kantapich Kongpol1,2, Jantira Sanit1,2, Panyupa Pankhong2,3, Sarawut Kumphune1,2,3* 1Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand. 2Graduate program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand. 3Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
A Dataset for Noun Compositionality Detection for a Slavic Language

This paper presents the first gold-standard resource for Russian annotated with compositionality information of noun compounds. The compound phrases are collected from the Universal Dependency treebanks according to part of speech patterns, such as ADJ+NOUN or NOUN+NOUN, using the gold-standard annotations. Each compound phrase is annotated by two experts and a moderator according to the following schema: the phrase can be either compositional, non-compositional, or ambiguous (i.e., depending on the context it can be interpreted both as compositional or non-compositional). We conduct an experimental evaluation of models and methods for predicting compositionality of noun compounds in unsupervised and supervised setups. We show that methods from previous work evaluated on the proposed Russian-language resource achieve the performance comparable with results on English corpora.
2 Materials and Method 2 . 1 The Processing of Microwave-Vacuum Drying of Saskatoon Berries

The objective of this study is to optimize the microwave-vacuum drying parameters (microwave power, drying time and fruit load) on the physical properties of dried Saskatoon berries. Response surface methodology combined with central composite rotatable design was used to observe the effect of microwave-vacuum drying processing variables and optimize the drying conditions for the physical properties as response variables (moisture content, rehydration ratio, hardness, L value and total color difference) of the microwave-vacuum dried Saskatoon berries. The response variables were effectively modeled as the function of independent variables for the regression as well as response surface modeling. The regression and response surface modeling indicated that increasing microwave power and drying time and deceasing fruit load decreased moisture content but increased rehydration ratio, hardness, L value and total color difference of the microwave-vacuum dried Saskatoon berries. Also, the numerical combining with graphical optimization indicated that microwave power (5.8 – 6.5 kW), drying time (52-59 min) and fruit load (10-10.25 Kg) were very effective to improve the studied physical properties of the dried Saskatoon berries. The findings are expected to be helpful for the process development of commercial scale microwave-vacuum drying of Saskatoon berries within the experimental range. Research Article Open Access © 2016 Venkatesh Meda, et al., published by De Gruyter Open. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. Venkatesh Meda, Pranabendu Mitra*, Jong Hyeouk Lee, Kyu Seob Chang Optimization of microwave-vacuum drying processing parameters on the physical properties of dried Saskatoon berries *Corresponding author: Pranabendu Mitra, Mitra Research and Consulting, Saskatoon, SK, S7V0J2, CANADA, E-mail: pmrantu@yahoo.com Venkatesh Meda, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A9, Canada Jong Hyeouk Lee, Rural Development Administration (RDA), 300 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54875, Republic of Korea Kyu Seob Chang, ReSEAT Program, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
Focus on Strength

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.