Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Service Quality Evaluation of Restaurants Using The Ahp And Topsis Method

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting service quality at restaurants that operate in the service industry. Three restaurants operating in Trabzon were analyzed in terms of the quality of service they provided. In the study, the simple sampling random method was applied to 300 face-to-face interviews in which 30 surveys were deemed invalid and thus eliminated, resulting in a total of 270 surveys being evaluated. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to determine the dimensions of service quality. Subsequently, the service performance of the three restaurants were evaluated using the Topsis method (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and the best restaurant alternative was ultimately identified. When decision matrix and evaluating the ranking results restaurant A is found 0,0019, restaurant B is 0,0017, restaurant C is 0,0018. When these results are considered in terms of service quality, it can be observed that “A” is the most preferred restaurant by customers in terms of service performance. But the other two restaurants are so closed to “A” restaurant. This result, according to the criteria specified, may be indicative of restaurants operating in Trabzon are offering similar level of service to their customers. This study is limited to only restaurants in food-sector and only in Trabzon. Therefore, not presented any information about the validity of the results for different sectors. Future researches needs to be extended to other restaurants. Researchers also can use another multi-criteria decision making methods.
Use and Efficasy of Different Imaging Techniques in Flank Pain

Acute flank pain is a common presentation in patients attending casualty/OPD and is representation of many diseases. Urolithiasis is appears to be the most frequent cause of frequent cause of flank pain, affecting 3% to 5% of the population in urbanized countries 1 . Urolithiasis is estimated to have a lifetime incidence of 512 percent usually presenting in patients 30-60 years of age and is approximately three times more common in males 1, 2 and out of these has recurrence rate approximate 50 % 3 It is; therefore, important to address this problem after making early diagnosis by using traditional different imaging techniques like X-rays (X-Ray KUB) and conventional ultrasound (USG)), intravenous pyelogram (IVP) and Non-Contrast CT (NCCT) which is becoming increasingly popular due to its high accuracy, less time consuming, no contrast allergy and detecting radiolucent stones in addition to alternate diagnosis .
CAPITAL BUDGETING AND THE CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL: GOOD NEWS AND BAD NEWS

THIS PAPER DERIVES and presents expressions for the market value of a long-lived capital investment project, assuming that the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) holds in each period. We use these expressions to examine the determinants of beta and to evaluate traditional capital budgeting procedures based on the discounted cash flow formula and the opportunity cost of capital. The good news is that it is possible to value capital investments using relatively simple formulas derived from the CAPM. Also, the traditional procedures give close-to-correct answers, provided that the right asset beta is used to calculate the discount rate. The bad news is that the right asset beta depends on project life, the growth trend of expected cash flows, and other variables which are not usually considered important in assessing business risk. Moreover, for growth firms the right discount rate cannot be inferred from the observed systematic risk of the firm's stock, even if the firm invests only in projects of a single risk class. The reason is that growth opportunities affect observed systematic risk.
Predatory Short Selling

Financial institutions may be vulnerable to predatory short selling. When the stock of a financial institution is shorted aggressively, leverage constraints imposed by short-term creditors can force the institution to liquidate long-term investments at fire sale prices. For financial institutions that are sufficiently close to their leverage constraints, predatory short selling equilibria co-exist with no-liquidation equilibria (the vulnerability region), or may even be the unique equilibrium outcome (the doomed region). Increased coordination among short sellers expands the doomed region, where liquidation is the unique equilibrium. Our model provides a potential justification for temporary restrictions of short selling for vulnerable institutions and can be used to assess recent empirical evidence on short-sale bans.
Demographic Change beyond the Urban-Rural Divide: Re-Framing Spatial Differentiation in the Context of Migration Flows and Social Networks

Spatial differentiation can be analysed as both state of the art and as process. One important distinction in the analysis of spatial differentiation has been that between the urban and the rural. But the interrelationship of the urban-rural divide with other dimensions of spatial differentiation, such as demographic change, is increasingly unclear. Modern assumptions that urban areas are growth engines and rural areas lag behind have been replaced by the acknowledgement of much more heterogeneous development patterns. Neither extent nor direction of demographic change can be directly linked to a region’s classification as rural or urban today. The paper focuses on the question of how research on human flows and networks may contribute to such a framework and aims to draw attention to the coexistence of different kinds of flows and networks which interfere with each other, resulting in regionally specific spatial patterns and development paths. The paper suggests an extension of the analysis of cores and peripheries beyond the focus on key economic sectors, such as financial services, and taking into account individual and social networks of private households, migrants and commuters. Instead of understanding regional demographic change as the result of rational migratory decisions, due to regional push and pull factors, we aim to conceptualise it as related to the existence of social – multi-local, sometimes even transnational – networks that contextualise migration strategies of individuals or households. Consequently, we argue that such an analysis may help in obtaining a more detailed picture of demographic change as a mosaic of interrelated processes and raise awareness towards drivers of spatial differentiation beyond the urban-rural divide that may deserve more attention in the future.
X-ray standing-wave investigations of valence electronic structure

We have examined the valence-electron emission from Cu, Ge, GaAs, InP, and NiO single crystals under the condition of strong x-ray Bragg reﬂection; i.e., in the presence of the spatially modulated x-ray standing-wave interference ﬁeld that is produced by the superposition of the incident and reﬂected x-ray beams. These crystals span the entire metallic, covalent, and ionic range of solid-state bonding. It is demonstrated that the valence-electron emission is closely coupled to the atomic cores, even for electron states close to a metallic Fermi edge. Using the bond-orbital approximation, the x-ray standing-wave structure factor for valence-electron emission is derived in terms of the bond polarities and photoionization cross sections of the atoms within the crystalline unit cell and compared to experiment. Additionally, we demonstrated that by exploiting the spatial dependence of the electric-ﬁeld intensity under Bragg condition, site speciﬁc valence electronic structure may be obtained. The technique is demonstrated for GaAs and NiO.
Title : ‘ Local gradient ’ and between-site variability of erosion rate on badlands in the Karoo , South Africa

Site-average values of local gradient, defined as the steepest slope angle measured at a point, are a powerful predictor of long-term rates of soil loss as measured by erosion pins on the non-channel floor portions of ten badland study sites in the Karoo area of South Africa. Local gradient may be easily measured using a smartphone clinometer. The successful use of local gradient here is in strong contrast to the previous failure of other site-specific attributes, including other measures of gradient and relief, to explain betweensite variation in erosion rate on these study sites. Each measurement of local gradient may be thought of as a sample of the site’s microtopography. Microrelief is a strong determinant of the emergent patterns of interchannel overland flow, and hence of the patterns of inter-channel erosion by flow. Local gradient changes most rapidly during the initial stages of channel incision. When channels are established, local gradient changes more slowly leading to almost-parallel retreat of channel sidewalls. A sensitivity analysis suggests that measurements of local gradient are not all equal with regard to prediction of long-term erosion rate. A greater share of predictive power is contributed by measurements made on very steep or vertical channel side wall areas, and a lesser share is contributed by measurements made on interfluves.
Different mutations in the ZmCAD2 gene underlie the maize brown-midrib1 (bm1) phenotype with similar effects on lignin characteristics and have potential interest for bioenergy production.

The maize ZmCAD2 gene has been fully sequenced in several normal and bm1 maize lines, highlighting a large diversity of mutations underlying the bm1 phenotype. Mutations in three bm1 lines (F2bm1, A619bm1, and 511Jbm1) were found corresponding to short InDels inducing premature stop codons and truncated proteins. In two lines (511Kbm1 and 5803Cbm1), mutations were limited to an only SNP or to a few SNP, modifying the catalytic sites, and likely inactivating the proteins. Results also established that the 5803Ibm7 mutant was in fact a bm1 mutant, with a sequence fully identical to the 5803Cbm1 sequence. The two new F7803bm1 (natural mutant) and Ev2210bm1 (transposon tagging Mutator investigations) both had a transposon insertion in the ZmCAD2 DNA, resulting in a truncated protein, even if the mRNA was produced. The biochemical characteristics of the Ev2210bm1 lignins corroborated the signature of CAD2 deficiency in plants, with the presence of aldehydes and atypical compounds and linkages. Considering lignin structure and content, CAD2 is likely a good target for the improvement of energy production based on maize and grass lignocellulosic biomass, including a greater susceptibility to environmentally friendly pretreatments, as it was shown in bmr sorghum. The interest in maize bm1 hybrids for cattle feeding also should be considered because there seem to be little or limited negative effects of CAD2 mutations on other agronomical traits.
Effects of Bio - and Chemical F ert ilizers on growth and yield of F aba bean ( Vicia faba L.)

To study the effect of chem ical and biological fertilizers of phosphorus and nitrogen on growth and yield of faba bean an experiment was carry out as split - split - plot with three replications in Bazkiagorab, Lahijan. The main factor was the composition of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on five levels: 1 - control (no consumption of mineral fertilizers), 2 - 35 TSP+50 urea kg/ha, 3 - 35 TSP+100 urea kg/ha, 4 - 17.5 TSP+50 Urea kg/ha, 5 - 17.5 TSP+100 Urea kg/ha, other factors were a the phosphorus biological fertilizer and b - nitrogen bi ological fertilizer as inoculated and non - inoculated. The results showed that the grain yield, grain weight, biological yield, harvested index and plant height significantly affected by using chemic al and biological fertilizers, but the length and width of pods and length of seeds was not different significantly. The highest grain yield, 3.41 tons/ha, and weight of 100 grain, observed in treatments using inorganic fertilizer (35 TSP+100 Urea kg/ha) + nitrogen bio - fertilizer and without phosphorus bio - fertil izer but the lowest grain yield was obtained in control treatment with 2.45 tons/ha. The highest plant height, 174.63 cm, was obtained in the nitrogen biological fertilizer treatment. Use of chemical fertilizer was significantly increased harvested index t han control treatment and the highest HI was obtained in 35 TSP+50 urea kg/ha.
Do Tournaments Solve the Adverse Selection Problem ?

This paper provides a solution to a puzzle in the analysis of tournaments, that of why there is no agent discrimination in practice. The paper examines the problem of a principal contracting with multiple agents whose activities are subject to common shocks, when there is moral hazard and adverse selection. The presence of common shocks invites the use of relative performance evaluation to minimize the costs of moral hazard. But, in the additional presence of adverse selection, the analysis shows that at the optimum there may be no need for ex ante screening through menus of contract offers (i.e., for agent discrimination). This is so because the principal becomes better informed ex post about agent types, via the realization of common uncertainty, and can effectively penalize or reward the agents ex post. Thus, unlike the standard adverse selection problem without common uncertainty where the principal always benefits from ex ante screening, it is shown that ex post sorting through relative performance evaluation reduces the scope for ex ante screening through menus, and eliminates it completely if agents are known to not be very heterogeneous. This is consistent with observed practice in industries where the primary compensation mechanism is a cardinal tournament which is uniform among agents.
Microeconomics of Irrigation with Saline Water

Water management and reuse at the field level are analyzed under saline, limited drainage conditions. A function relating crop yield and deep percolation flows to applied water and salinity concentration is developed. This function fits simulated data well and is tractable for theoretical and empirical analysis of irrigation economics. With a single irrigation source, irrigation water for cotton and tomatoes at first increases and then decreases with salt concentration. Drain-water reuse is found to be an efficient strategy in events of high surface-water prices and costly solutions to drainage-related environmental problems. However, blending freshwater and drainage appears plausible only under surface water scarcity.
THE MYStIX WIDE-FIELD NEAR-INFRARED DATA: OPTIMAL PHOTOMETRY IN CROWDED FIELDS

We present JHK infrared data from the UK InfraRed Telescope (UKIRT) for a subset of the regions of the Massive Young Star-Forming Complex Study in Infrared and X-ray (MYStIX) survey. Some of the data were obtained specifically for the MYStIX project, and some as part of the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey's Galactic Plane Survey. In most of these fields, crowding is a significant issue for aperture photometry, and so we have re-extracted the photometry from the processed images using an optimal extraction technique, and we describe how we adapt the optimal technique to mitigate the effects of crowding.
Microsatellite cross-species amplification in the genus Centaurea (Compositae)

Microsatellite cross-species amplification in the genus Centaurea (Compositae). - Microsatellites are widely used for population genetic studies although the development of these species-specific markers is costly and time-consuming. One strategy for saving time and money is the use of markers developed for one species (source species) in a different species (target species). This is known as cross-amplification. In the present work, two sets of microsatellites are used to test their transferability to six narrow endemic Centaurea species: i) 16 nuclear loci previously published for three congeneric species and ii) 10 universal chloroplast markers designed from Nicotiana tabacum sequences. Seventeen of the 26 markers tested were transferable and 14 of them were also polymorphic and therefore useful for future works. Nuclear markers were more variable and thus more informative than chloroplast markers. Interspecific amplification performed better for the nuclear loci developed for different Centaurea species than for the universal chloroplast markers developed for Nicotiana tabacum . Likewise, transferability was more successful for the species from sect. Phalolepis than for sect. Lepteranthus . Therefore, our results support the idea that the success of the cross-amplification is influenced by the evolutionary distance between the target and the source species.
Settlement of non-native Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny, 1852) in artificial collectors deployed in Colombo Port, Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has been a key node in the historical maritime "silk route" since the 14 century. Colombo Port, with its strategic location in the Indian Ocean, handles most of the country’s foreign cargo. With increased foreign trade and ship traffic, Colombo Port environs are highly susceptible to invasions by non-indigenous species (NIS), which may threaten native biota. There is a dearth of information in Sri Lanka on the present status of the biofouling community and the nature and level of threats posed to native biota. The present study was conducted to investigate the biofouling assemblage within the Colombo Port. Artificial settlement collectors were deployed in order to study the colonization of fouling organisms. The encrusting foliaceous colonial bryozoan, Watersipora subtorquata was recorded for the first time in Sri Lanka. It was found on settlement collectors in two of the eight sampling locations one in New Pilot Station (12.50% cover) at 2 m depth and the other in Bandaranayake Quay (2.19% cover) at 1 m depth. Random and patchy distribution within the port environment and the absence of W. subtorquata on permanently located collectors indicate that their arrival is relatively recent. However, invasive behavior of W. subtorquata is significant since they can facilitate the settlement of other biofoulers providing a nontoxic substrate for them to attach. Furthermore, they pose deleterious impacts on ecology through interspecific competition with native organisms modifying community structure and dynamics. Therefore, continuous monitoring is vital for early detection and management of a possible invasion by globally known invasive species.
Characteristics of HIV/TB Co-Infected Patients with Data of T-Spot TB Testing: Review of Practice Pattern in an HIV Outpatient Clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana

Objectives: We studied the characteristics of a cohort of HIV/ TB Infection co-infected patients in a HIV Outpatient Clinic in New Orleans to identify the methodology of screening, diagnosis and treatment of TB Infection (TBI). Methods: A three-year retrospective review of 1,937 HIV-infected subjects co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in which a T-SPOT®. TB test was done, and a borderline or positive T-SPOT®. TB result was found, were selected. HIV status, adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART), and clinic follow-up information were abstracted from provider notes. When repeat T-SPOT®. TB tests were performed, the results were abstracted to determine concordance and rates of conversion and reversion.Results: Out of 1,937 HIV-infected subjects reviewed from 1/2012 to 12/2014, 68 (3.5%) showed a positive or borderline T-SPOT®. TB test. The cumulative prevalence of positive T-SPOT®. TB tests was 2.4%. In 19 subjects who were initially T-SPOT®. TB-test positive and had serial testing done, 11 tests (58%) reverted to negative. In 15 subjects with borderline test results the first time, tests in 10 subjects (67%) changed to negative; 2 changed to positive, and these subjects then progressed to active TB during the following 14 months. Eighty-seven percent of patients in this clinic were treated for TBI.Conclusion: Other than HIV viral load and CD4-cell count, maintenance of normal weight and adherence to medical care may have also played a part in preventing the progression of TBI to active TB in this cohort. The propensity for change in the T-SPOT®. TB from borderline to negative and the rate of reversion from positive to negative confirms the importance of the test’s borderline category. The reasons for these variations warrant further understanding and review. Although the variations observed in some test results may impede screening for TBI with its limitations notwithstanding, targeted screening, especially in this cohort, remains the backbone of TB control.
A Multifunctional Wonder Tree: Moringa oleifera Lam Open New Dimensions in Field of Agroforestry in India

Moringa oleifera Lam commonly known by various name like drumstick, moringa, sahajan belongs to family Moringaceae. The name of tree varied according to its vicinity in varied province of country. Moringa is a wonder tree with its great medicinal, industrial, food, fodder, and fuel values for both human and their livestock. The origin of tree has to be believed in sub-Himalayan tracts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan (Mulugeta et al., 2014). The drought resistant, easy acquiescently in all type of soil and climate, makes it highly suitable in all parts of the world especially in semi-arid tropics. Moringa naturally found in tropical and sub-tropical forest of India or grow by farmers on bund of agricultural land. India has first rank in case of area and production of moringa. Among the Indian states, southern parts of country contribute much more in production of moringa. It is a suitable tree for traditional agroforestry in the home because of its versatility (Odee et al., 2001; Palada and Chang, 2003; Nduwayezu et al., 2007). With respect to agroforestry practices, moringa grown in home gardens, in between of agricultural crop/intercrop and on the boundaries of agricultural fields. The tree and its products are highly versatile in nature. The tree fulfills all the basic needs of human International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 8 (2017) pp. 229-235 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Macroeconomic effects of fiscal consolidations in a DSGE model for the Euro Area: does FEP WORKING PAPERS

We develop a new-Keynesian DSGE model with an extended fiscal policy block to assess the conditions for expansionary fiscal consolidations. In addition to several taxes, we consider public employment expenditures and government spending, which may have different degrees of productivity. We calibrate the model for the Euro Area and use it to simulate alternative fiscal consolidations with changes in the budget composition. Among the main conclusions we find that: (i) if conducted with a cut in weaklyproductive spending and a symmetric increase in highly-productive spending, fiscal consolidations have expansionary effects on investment and output; (ii) if consolidation is pursued through a pure reduction in weaklyproductive public employment, the effects on output decrease with the degree of labor market competition and turn out to be positive under perfect competition.
Adsorption mechanism of hexavalent chromium removal using Amberlite IRA 743 resin

A commercially available chelating resin namely, Amberlite IRA 743 (AMB) is a macroporous polystyrene Nmethylglucamine with free base form used for the removal of chromium from aqueous solution. AMB resin possesses an enhanced chromium sorption capacity (SC) of 20.41 mg/g in a minimum period of 30 min contact time. The sorption experiments were carried out in batch mode to optimize various influencing parameters viz., contact time, initial chromium concentration, pH, co-ions and temperature. The resin is characterized by FTIR and SEM with EDAX analysis. The mechanism of chromium removal by the resin is by means of electrostatic adsorption coupled reduction and complexation. The adsorption data was fitted with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The calculated values of thermodynamic parameters namely G, H and S indicate the nature of chromium sorption. The dynamic studies demonstrated that the sorption process follows pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models.