Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hand Washing Study in Health Care Workers of a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Iran

Hospital acquired infections are a worldwide problem and cross contamination transmission causes 40% of them while many of these infections are transmitted by healthcare workers. This study was designed to survey the prevalence of hand washing in health care workers (HCWs) of Rasoul Akram hospital, a tertiary level teaching hospital of Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS). This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on 350 healthcare workers, such as medical doctors, nurses, nurse' aide and other HCWs of the hospital. Questionnaire of hand washing made by WHO was used to collect data, and SPSS18 was used to data analysis. P value less than 0.05 was assumed significant. Oral consent was taken from participants before filling the questionnaire. Forty one percent were male, and average age of participants was 32.3 year (SD = 6.8). Sixty five percent of the participants were routinely washing their hands. One hundred and twenty seven cases had been participated in hand washing workshop and 82.5% of them used hand washing routinely which was significantly more than nonparticipating (p<0.001). Almost 48% of males and 76.8% of females did hand washing, which indicates a significant difference between males and females. Nurses had highest rate of hand washing(76.1%) and physicians had lowest(47.9%) and this was significant(p<0.001). Sixty three percent of HCWs of internal medicine division , 50.8% of surgical ward, 69.5% of Emergency department, 87.5% of pediatric diseases section and 78.1% of gynecology section were doing routine hand washing.
The Impact of Low Intensity Conflict on Children’s Education Attainment: Lessons from IDPs in Colombia

Forty years of armed conflict have made Colombia home to over 3 million Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). The armed conflict in Colombia is unique given that it is characterized by asymmetric warfare and low intensity. This paper explores the education attainment effects on children of direct exposure to this kind of conflict. First we show that given the low intensity of this conflict, estimating the impact of conflict on school attainment in Colombia, by comparing education outcomes of children living in municipalities with high conflict levels with those who do not, produces estimates that are very different from the direct impact of conflict. Next we estimate the direct education attainment effect of the conflict by comparing children of IDPs with children of non-migrants using fixed effects and instrumental variables (IV) estimators. Our IV results suggest that direct exposure to conflict reduces education attainment by 0.12 of a year for children 6-11 years and reduces attainment by about 0.42 of a year for children at the secondary level. JEL classification: D74,J10, I20, O15
Late Holocene tectonic land-level changes and tsunamis at Mitla lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico

Sedimentological, stratigraphic and geochemical data record abrupt land elevation change, coastal subsidence, and changes in the salinity of Mitla lagoon that may be associated with a tsunami around 3400-3500 yr BP. The observations are supported by microfossil data (pollen, diatoms and phytolith) from other studies on the Guerrero coast. Stratigraphic data indicate an average Late Holocene sedimentation rate of about 1 mm/yr. Short-term sea-level records from 1952 of tide gauge data are compared with expected coseismic coastal deformation, and long-term records of coastal deformation from the sediment record c. 3500 yr BP. Recent large earthquakes in the Central Mexico subduction zone ruptured an area of limited width of about ~60 km, but some prehistoric earthquakes may have ruptured the entire coupled plate interface almost up to the trench, thus generating significant coastal subsidence and possibly a large tsunami.
Evidence for a sharp structure variation inside a red-giant star

Context. The availability of precisely determined frequencies of radial and non-radial oscillation modes in red giants is finally paving the way for detailed studies of the internal structure of these stars. Aims. We look for the seismic signature of regions of sharp structure variation in the internal structure of the CoRoT target HR 7349. Methods. We analyse the frequency dependence of the large frequency separation and second frequency differences, as well as the behaviour of the large frequency separation obtained with the envelope auto-correlation function. Results. We find evidence for a periodic component in the oscillation frequencies, i.e. the seismic signature of a sharp structure variation in HR 7349. In a comparison with stellar models we interpret this feature as caused by a local depression of the sound speed that occurs in the helium second-ionization region. Using solely seismic constraints this allows us to estimate the mass (M = 1.2 +0.6 −0.4 M� ) and radius (R = 12.2 +2.1 −1.8 R� ) of HR 7349, which agrees with the location of the star in an HR diagram.
Effects of water-column enrichment on the production dynamics of three seagrass species and their epiphytic algae

Monospecific beds of the seagrasses Halodule wrightii, Syringodium filiforme and Thalassia testudinum were enriched with a slow-release Osmocote (N-P-K) fertilizer from August 1993 through September 1994. Primary production rates (as 14 C uptake), biomass (dry weight), and chlorophyll a (chl a) (measured by HPLC) of epiphytes in enriched beds were significantly greater than those of epiphytes in control beds. Based on microscopic observations, the dominant epiphytic algae were diatoms and red and brown algae. Populations of the brown alga Myriotrichia subcorymbosa and the red alga Acrochaetium flexuosum increased greatly in enriched plots of all 3 seagrass species. Multiple linear regression supported observational data in that pigment signatures selected for the dominant epiphytes (fucoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and violaxanthin) explained 97% of the variation in chl a. A strong correlation between measured and predicted chl a (r = 0.98) suggested that chl a is an excellent indicator of epiphytic biomass in this system. Production rates of blades increased in enriched plots relative to controls but biomass of blades was unaffected. The strong response of epiphytes to enrichment suggests that cultural eutrophication could pose a threat to seagrass beds of Big Lagoon, Perdido Key, Florida, USA. Negative effects could be manifested as a reduction in the coverage of shallow-water sediments by seagrass beds and/or the elimination of 1 or 2 species, possibly converting Big Lagoon into a seagrass monoculture.
Empowering International and Culturally Diverse Honours and Project Students Through Mentoring Activities

This paper reports on an initiative to develop a successful school based student mentoring program in the context of a Computer Science based school which has a high proportion of international and culturally diverse student population. A review of literature was made of three areas of research related to mentoring and peer support. This provided evidence for the role of mentoring and peer support in empowering student learning, with particular emphasis on how mentoring can provide both social and academic support; on the role of mentoring in different contexts; within the Computer Science field and within an international and culturally diverse education perspective and finally on the role of and qualities required by the mentor in the mentoring process. The paper examines the findings from an email based survey of current and former members of student mentor group which has existed since 2003. The questionnaire was categorized into five sections including demographic information, factors influencing choice of the group, reflections on the mentoring experience (joining the group, project activities), on commitments and skills development (commitments, interpersonal/interaction, improving skills) and additional support services. The overarching finding from the research was that the mentoring experience was a positive one for both mentor and mentees. The mentor group provided a supportive respectful environment which could offer both academic and technical skills development and provide social support. Students also identified the most important qualities and obligations that the mentor group leader should provide to include, subject knowledge and technical expertise, and quality traits of trustworthiness, intercultural understanding and friendliness. From the research findings a framework was proposed to support the implementation of a school based mentor group program. This is seen as beneficial to project and research students especially in an international and culturally diverse student population.
Intergroup Discrimination and Self-Esteem in the Minimal Group Paradigm

This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that intergroup discrimination in the minimal group paradigm is related to self-esteem. According to Social Identity Theory, intergroup discrimination is a strategy for achieving self-esteem via social competition aimed at increasing the positive distinctiveness of one's own group. However, other elements of the procedure, such as categorization into groups, or the opportunity to engage in a meaningful experimental task irrespective of its value for social competition, might also affect self-esteem. One hundred thirty-five undergraduates were randomly assigned to eight concurrent experimental conditions. A two-way multivariate analysis of variance on the core design produced a significant interaction effect, whereby categorized subjects who had the opportunity to discriminate between groups and noncategorized subjects who did not discriminate showed higher self-esteem than did both categorized subjects who could not engage in discrimination and noncategorized subjects who could discriminate. These results support social identity theory and also suggest that social categorization by itself may constitute a threat to self-esteem that can be resolved via social competition. Results from the supplementary conditions support the conclusion that it is intergroup discrimination, and not merely the completion of an experimental task, that redeems self-esteem.
THE VLASOV–POISSON SYSTEM WITH STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD IN QUASINEUTRAL REGIME

Consider the motion of a gas of electrons with a background of ions, subject to the self-consistent electric field and to a constant external magnetic field. As the Debye length and the Larmor radius vanish at the same rate, the asymptotic current density is governed by the 2D1/2 incompressible Euler equation. Establishing limit requires to overcome various difficulties: compactness with respect to the space variable, control of large velocities, oscillations in the time variable. Yet, for particular initial data, the simultaneous gyrokinetic and quasineutral approximation is completely justified.
Being native – distance, closeness and doing auto/self-ethnography

In my PhD research project, I study the representation of virtuality in images. I study this through observation and analysis of my own work practice. My research borders on artistic research, and I am using self and auto-ethnography, combined with grounded theory, semiotics and hermeneutics, to establish a rigorous and methodological ‘workflow’ from observation to final text. Selfand auto-ethnography is a new branch within ethnography. In traditional ethnography the researcher studies a group of people that are in some way estranged, and typically involves ‘breaking in’. In contrast, self-ethnography involves the study of the researcher’s own group; a group in which the researcher is an established participant. It typically involves ‘breaking out’ of cultural and social structures taken for granted within this group, understanding them from within. Auto-ethnography is the study of the self. Traditionally, selfand auto-ethnography are used to study dramatic life events such as deaths and divorces, but are an efficient and intriguing way to study much more mundane everyday events such as creative design processes.
Innovation for the Third Sector Economy: Enlightenment from Dematel method

Innovation is needed by all types of organization including those who are coming from the third sector economy. This study tried to develop firmly-paradigm in addressing the term innovation into co-operatives, non-profit organization and social enterprise. Starting with performing a comprehensive literature review, the study found six possible dimensions for innovation namely: (1) organizational capabilities, (2) knowledge management capabilities, (3) external orientation capabilities, (4) learning network capabilities, (5) strategic capabilities and (6) dynamic capabilities. Aiming to provide clear evidence on how each dimension contribute to innovation, the study used Dematel approach to deal with multi-criteria issues. Having collected questionnaires from 26 experts, the study emphasized that external orientation capabilities shares as the greatest influencer among dimensions for the three types of organizations. As point to that, having considered the causal relationship among dimension, this study promotes a new thought in performing innovation. Socio-economy must use the identified-dimension as systematic paradigm. Finally the paper portrayed the sequence through causal-relations analysis, thus providing clear guidance for future agenda. Keywords : innovation, third sector economy, Dematel, external orientation capabilities
Natural Ventilation Provisions in Terraced-House Designs in Hot-Humid Climates: Case of Putrajaya, Malaysia

Due to the high risk of global warming from the increased level of energy consumption, energy sustainability is increasingly practised around the world especially in the residential sector. Attempts to save energy in hot-humid climates however, are mainly through improved mechanical cooling. Consequently, residential buildings are built to be air tight and they are provided with insufficient opening areas for natural ventilation which in turn, results in the deterioration of indoor air quality (IAQ). Previous studies on IAQ with respect to ventilation rates are mostly on indoor concentrations of contaminants and various diseases associated with them. Detailed studies on openings and their impact on delivered ventilation rates are still limited, particularly in hot-humid climates. This study investigates natural ventilation provisions in different house design types in Putrajaya, Malaysia with respect to the Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL) governing them. Five terrace house design types were selected, of which two were found to be non-compliant with UBBL 10% window area requirement. Simulations were conducted using the Integrated Environment Solution (IES〈VE〉) software and the results reveal that house types complying with the UBBL requirements exhibit higher ventilation rates and a longer duration of leaving windows open is found to improve ventilation rates. This paper informs regulatory stakeholders, designers and clients of the residential building sector of the impact of open designs on occupants' health and the importance of UBBL compliance and enforcement. This study further emphasises the need for occupants to increase the duration of leaving windows open and to embrace night ventilation as a means of improving natural ventilation in their homes.
DIETARY PATTERN, FOOD HABITS AND PREFERENCES AMONG ADOLESCENT AND ADULT STUDENT GIRLS FROM AN URBAN AREA, SOUTH INDIA

The prevalence of obesity and underweight has increased in recent years due to changes in eating habits all over the world. On the other hand eating behavior and dietary factors are as a risk factor in several important diseases such as cancer, coronary heart diseases or obesity. Therefore, we assessed the food habits of adolescents and adults girls in Mysore urban area and exploring any relationships between SES, age groups and food preference and behavior. A cross-sectional study conducted on 1000 healthy young female students aged 11-28 years. A self administered questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic indicators, food habits and preferences. Body weight and height was measured and BMI computed. All the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16.0. 50.1% of adolescents were underweight. Higher percentage of overweight subjects was adults. Skipping meals was significantly higher among adolescents. Subjects belonged to low SES had higher percentage of underweight and higher proportion of overweight girls belonged to high SES. Adolescents formed highest proportion of meal skippers (53.9% vs 49.1%). 68.7% of subjects consumed fast foods daily or frequently. 53.7% of adolescents and 40.2% of adults had snacks regularly. Adolescents from low SES had higher percentage of daily consuming of fast foods and bakery items. Only 13.7% of subjects use to consume at least one animal product, such as meat or an egg every day. The results of this study could be used as an important baseline for future monitoring of the dietary pattern, nutritional situation of young females especially adolescents.
Comparison of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Defense Styles in Asthmatic, Alexithymic and Normal Subjects

Objective: The aim of the present article was to study the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and the defense styles (mature, immature, and neurotic) in asthmatics, alexithymics and normal subjects. Methods: 216 asthmatic, alexithymic and normal subjects were selected and they completed Young Schema Questionnaire (short form), Defense Style Questionnaire and the Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation, MANOVA and multiple regressions analysis were used to analyze the research data. Results: Results indicated a significant difference (P<0.05) in all domains of early maladaptive schemas, except other-directedness between the mean scores of the groups of normal subjects and asthmatic patients as well as alexithymic patients. In mature and neurotic defense style, there was not a significant difference between the mean scores of the three groups, while the immature defense style scores of normal subjects and patients with asthma were significantly different (P<0.05) from those of alexithymic. Conclusion: Alexithymia is equivalent to difficulty in self-regulation. When emotional information could not be perceived and evaluated through cognitive processing, it results in the individual's emotional and cognitive confusion. This inability increases the possibility of the immature and neurotic defense styles in stressful situations. A B S T R A C T
Corporate Governance and Performance of United Malacca Berhad

The study aims to measure corporate governance and its impact firm performance and risk of United Malacca Berhad (UMB). The method of the study is regression analysis of United Malacca Berhad by using SPSS System. The study found that UMB has a positive relationship between return on asset and return on equity. However, the ROA and leverage ratio was negative relationship. Meaning that the company has borrowed too much money even though they earns profit. The regression analysis show that 2 out of 13 factors are significantly influence the profitability of UMB.
The Nature and Determinants of Urban Youth Unemployment in Ethiopia

­Youth are important driving forces for social, political and economic development in any country. In Ethiopia, youth make up approximately 28.3% of the population but the problem of youth unemployment is a central issue of public discourse in Ethiopia. The main purpose of this study is to establish the nature and determinants of urban youth unemployment in Ethiopia. This study employs the micro level data from Urban Employment-Unemployment Survey conducted between 2006 and 2011 by Ethiopian Central Statistics Authority. The study mainly applies logistic regression model to examine the relationship between urban youth unemployment and a set of explanatory variables. The Study reveals that the prevalence of urban youth is still high as compared to the total unemployment rate though the urban youth unemployment decreased between 2006 and 2011. The situation is very critical for young women who suffer higher unemployment rates than young men in urban areas of the country over the study period. The logistic regression model shows that place of residence (regions), gender, age categories, and marital status significantly affect the urban youth unemployment in Ethiopia. Surprisingly, education did not guarantee the employability of youth in urban areas of Ethiopia. Thus, the study points out that government must work more on enhancing the public and private labor market information and educational structure based on the labor demand of the economy. In addition, the study underlines the need for policy that focuses on gender sensitive urban-center employment initiatives to improve the employability of the youth. Key words: Urban youth, Unemployment, Urban-center Employment initiatives, Ethiopia
Evaluation of ApoE Genotyping Using Saliva-Derived DNA

Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) regions (rs429358 and rs7412) that define the ApoE genotype have a high GC content, which makes genotyping difficult. Blood samples are mainly used for ApoE genotyping, and saliva has also been used in recent years. However, the equivalency of genotyping results using saliva samples has not been verified. Hence, we evaluated the equivalency of the genotyping results for saliva samples by two genotyping methods such as Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Methods: Saliva and blood samples were collected from 51 subjects. The yield and quality of the extracted DNA were assessed. The regions around ApoE SNP were amplified by PCR, and genotyping was performed by Sanger sequencing and RFLP.Results: The mean concentration of saliva-derived genomic DNA was lesser than that of blood-derived DNA, and the quality of many saliva-derived DNA samples was poor. Regarding genotyping, the results of saliva-derived genomic DNA were 100% consistent with those of blood-derived DNA. Also, the results were 100% consistent between the two methods.Conclusion: Although the mean concentration of saliva-derived genomic DNA was lower than that of blood-derived DNA, and the variation in the quality of saliva-derived genomic DNA was higher than that of blood-derived DNA, the APOE genotyping results were equivalent for both the samples.