Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Mean Flow Model for Polymer and Fiber Turbulent Drag Reduction

Abstract We present a one-parameter model that fits quantitatively the mean velocity profiles from experiments and numerical simulations of drag-reduced wall-bounded flows of dilute solutions of polymers and non-Brownian fibers in the low and modest drag reduction regime. The model is based on a viscous mechanism of drag reduction, in which either extended polymers or non-Brownian fibers increase the extensional viscosity of the fluid and thereby suppress both small and large turbulent eddies and reduce momentum transfer to the wall, resulting in drag reduction. Our model provides a rheological interpretation of the upward parallel shift S+ in the mean velocity profile upon addition of polymer, observed by Virk. We show that Virk’s correlations for the dependence on polymer molecular weight and concentration of the onset wall shear stress and slope increment on the Prandtl-Karman plot can be translated to two dimensionless numbers, namely an onset Weissenberg number and an asymptotic Trouton ratio of maximum extensional viscosity to zero-shear viscosity. We believe that our model, while simple, captures the essential features of drag reduction that are universal to flexible polymers and fibers, and, unlike the Virk phenomenology, can easily be extended to flows with inhomogeneous polymer or fiber concentration fields.
Effects of magnetospheric lobe cell convection on dayside upper thermospheric winds at high latitudes

This paper investigates a possible physical mechanism of the observed dayside high‐latitude upper thermospheric wind using numerical simulations from the coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere (CMIT) model. Results show that the CMIT model is capable of reproducing the unexpected afternoon equatorward winds in the upper thermosphere observed by the High altitude Interferometer WIND observation (HIWIND) balloon. Models that lack adequate coupling produce poleward winds. The modeling study suggests that ion drag driven by magnetospheric lobe cell convection is another possible mechanism for turning the climatologically expected dayside poleward winds to the observed equatorward direction. The simulation results are validated by HIWIND, European Incoherent Scatter, and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. The results suggest a strong momentum coupling between high‐latitude ionospheric plasma circulation and thermospheric neutral winds in the summer hemisphere during positive IMF Bz periods, through the formation of magnetospheric lobe cell convection driven by persistent positive IMF By. The CMIT simulation adds important insight into the role of dayside coupling during intervals of otherwise quiet geomagnetic activity
Extraction and isolation of gallic acid from self-generated fermentation system of Terminalia chebula

Myrobalan (Terminalia chebula) is a potential raw m aterial for the production of gallic acid. It is a rich source of tannins and contains up to 40% of total tannins as g llotannins. The present study involves the fermen tation of Myrobalan used as a substrate for fermentation usin g arishta containing tannase producing microorganis m resulting in the biotransformation of Myrobalan tan ni s to gallic acid which is extracted, isolated an d characterized. The self-generated fermentation syst em, arishta was prepared by forming a decoction of Myrobalan which was allowed to ferment for one month. Then af ter the fermentation was complete the gallic acid w as extracted and isolated by partitioning it with ethyl acetate. The gallic acid crystals obtained upon recrystalli zation was characterized by phytochemical screening, TLC, IR, NMR and XRD. The completion of fermentation process wa confirmed when the pH of the formulation was found to be 4.28. The extract was screened for the presen ce of tannins, which was confirmed by the appearance of b luish black precipitate upon reaction with Ferric c hloride solution. Further the structural characterization o f gallic acid was confirmed by TLC, FTIR, NMR and X RD.
5-15-2019 CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENTS : HOW USERS PERCEIVE UPDATES

Software updates are an instrument commonly used in software development projects to modify or enhance the functionalities of the underlying base-software. They can change or add features, fix critical bugs or close security vulnerabilities. We present the results of an online-vignette experiment with 322 participants to test the effect of three different software update types on users. This research paper uses the post-adoption IS continuance model (ISCM) as a theoretical lens, and we compare preand posttreatment measurements across our several experimental groups, namely feature updates, bug fix updates, and security updates. Our results suggest that non-feature updates, such as a bug fix update can also have a positive effect on users’ perception of the underlying base-software and specifically on the variables used in the ISCM. Furthermore, we try to shed light on a discrepancy found in recent IS literature regarding the effects of security updates. Our findings extend the theoretical conceptualization of software updates, enhance the understanding of how they affect users, and provide guidance to developers and publishers in the design and alignment of their software development projects.
Expansion of the Kidney Donor Pool by Using Cardiac Death Donors with Prolonged Time to Cardiorespiratory Arrest

Donation after Cardiac Death (DCD) is an increasingly important source of kidney transplants, but because of concerns of ischemic injury during the agonal phase, many centers abandon donation if cardiorespiratory arrest has not occurred within 1 h of controlled withdrawal of life‐supporting treatment (WLST). We report the impact on donor numbers and transplant function using instead a minimum ‘cut‐off’ time of 4 h. The agonal phase of 173 potential DCD donors was characterized according to the presence or absence of: acidemia; lactic acidosis; prolonged (>30 min) hypotension, hypoxia or oliguria, and the impact of these characteristics on 3‐ and 12‐month transplant outcome evaluated by multivariable regression analysis. Of the 117 referrals who became donors, 27 (23.1%) arrested more than 1 h after WLST. Longer agonal‐phase times were associated with greater donor instability, but surprisingly neither agonal‐phase instability nor its duration influenced transplant outcome. In contrast, 3‐ and 12‐month eGFR in the 190 transplanted kidneys was influenced independently by donor age, and 3‐month eGFR by cold ischemic time. DCD kidney numbers are increased by 30%, without compromising transplant outcome, by lengthening the minimum waiting time after WLST from 1 to 4 h.
Breakaway technique training as a means of increasing confidence in managing aggression in neuroscience nursing.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper was to evaluate breakaway technique training with neuroscience nursing staff as a measure of increased confidence and safety in managing aggression. METHODS A quasi experimental design was used in a sample of neuroscience nursing staff (n=31), participating in 2×1h breakaway technique workshops. The workshops consisted of supervised skills training in safe breakaway techniques. A pre- and postintervention-matched questionnaire measuring confidence and safety around managing aggressive patients, and exposure to and confidence in dealing with breakaways, was self administered. RESULTS Statistically significant increases in confidence and safety in working with aggressive patients, and confidence levels for safe breakaways were reported. Qualitative comments demonstrated a desire for ongoing skills workshops. CONCLUSIONS This study provides early evidence of the importance of incorporating breakaway training into existing training programs which aim to minimise and manage aggression and violence in generalist settings.
VIOLENT RESISTANCE IN XINJIANG ( CHINA ) : TRACKING MILITANCY , ETHNIC RIOTS AND ‘ KNIFE-WIELDING ’ TERRORISTS ( 1978-2012 )

Resumen: Este artículo aborda la evolución de la resistencia violenta al régimen chino en la Región Autónoma Uigur de Xinjiang mediante una revisión y análisis de la naturaleza de los principales episodios violentos, en su mayoría con connotaciones separatistas, que han tenido lugar allí desde el comienzo de la era de reforma y apertura chinas (1978-2012). En este sentido, sostiene que la resistencia violenta, no necesariamente con motivaciones políticoseparatistas, ha estado presente en Xinjiang en la forma de insurgencia de baja escala, revueltas étnicas y terrorismo, y probablemente continúe en el futuro teniendo en cuenta las fricciones existentes entre la minoría étnica Uigur y las políticas llevadas a cabo por el gobierno chino.
A Study on the Measurement of Volume and Surface Electrical Conductivity of Cryogenic Insulants for DC HTS Equipment

For the insulation design of dc high-temperature superconducting (HTS) equipment, dc electric field analysis should be performed. As the dc electric field distribution is mainly determined by the relative electrical conductivities of the various insulating materials used, the conductivities of these materials should be precisely measured. In particular, in cryogenic environment, the measurement of electrical conductivity could not be easily conducted due to the difficulty of measuring extremely low leakage current. In this paper, investigation on the measurement of volume and surface electrical conductivity of various cryogenic insulants, including polypropylene laminated paper (PPLP), Kraft, and glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), was carried out. For the measurement of volume electrical conductivity in LN2, the infiltration of LN2 into the specimen should be considered in order to avoid inaccurate measuring data. Thus, in order to increase the reliability for volume electrical conductivity, the PPLP specimen deposited by copper was adopted, and the comparison between ordinary PPLP and PPLP with copper deposition was made. As a result, it was suggested that the copper deposition could be a valid method to prevent the infiltration of LN2 when the electrical conductivity of thin paper was measured. Consequently, volume and surface electrical conductivity values of PPLP, Kraft, and GFRP have been measured and summarized.
Retraction: Blockage of intracellular proton extrusion with proton pump inhibitor induces apoptosis in gastric cancer

The following article from Cancer Science, ‘Blockage of intracellular proton extrusion with proton pump inhibitor induces apoptosis in gastric cancer’ by Marie Yeo, Dong‐Kyu Kim, Hee Jin Park, Sung Won Cho, Jae Youn Cheong and Kwang Jae Lee (doi: 10.1111/j.1349‐7006.2007.00642.x), published online on 23 October 2007 on Blackwell Synergy (http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Takashi Tsuruo, and Blackwell Publishing. All authors wish to retract this paper because of the use of RGM‐1 without the prior permission of the original establisher.
Survival Advantage of Normal Weight in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Introduction: A high body mass index (BMI) is a positive predictor of outcome in hemodialysis. But reports for peritoneal dialysis (PD) have been less numerous. The aim of the present investigation was to study the association between BMI and survival among PD patients and to discuss the main risk factors affecting survival. Materials and methods: A total of 159 patients who received PD from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 at the Department of Nephrology in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were enrolled in the study. Blood samples and baseline characteristics of the study cohort were obtained at the start of PD. Patient survival status was recorded through 31 December 2010. Results: Patients were stratified into two groups as normal weight (BMI, 18.5–24.9) and overweight (BMI, 25.0–29.9). Kaplan–Meier survival curve revealed that the normal weight patients had survival advantage over overweight patients (p < 0.01, by log-rank test). Cox proportional hazard models revealed that BMI, age, diabetes mellitus, coronary vascular disease, congestive heart failure and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) were significant risk factors associated with all-cause mortality (p < 0.05). After adjustment for these covariates, survival was consistently higher for normal weight patients (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the study demonstrated that normal weight patients had lower serum Lp(a) (p < 0.05), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.05), and peritonitis rate (p < 0.05) compared with overweight patients. Conclusion: The results indicated that normal BMI at the commencement of PD had significant survival advantage in our study. The mechanisms for this might be related to lower cardiovascular risk, less chronic inflammation, and peritonitis prevalence.
Prediction of Financial Downside-Risk with Heavy-Tailed Conditional Distributions

The use of GARCH models with stable Paretian innovations in financial modeling has been recently suggested in the literature. This class of processes is attractive because it allows for conditional skewness and leptokurtosis of financial returns without ruling out normality. This contribution illustrates their usefulness in predicting the downside risk of financial assets in the context of modeling foreign exchange-rates and demonstrates their superiority over use of normal or Student's t GARCH models.
Regional variations in risk factors for asthma in school children.

BACKGROUND The authors have previously reported an increased prevalence of asthma in Estevan, Saskatchewan (21.4%) compared with Swift Current, Saskatchewan (16.2%). OBJECTIVE To determine the association between asthma and personal and indoor environmental risk factors in these communities. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2000. A questionnaire was distributed to school children in grades 1 to 6 for completion by a parent. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between various risk factors and physician-diagnosed asthma. RESULTS Asthma was associated with respiratory allergy (adjusted OR [adjOR]=8.85, 95% CI 6.79 to 11.54), early respiratory illness (adjOR=2.81, 95% CI 1.96 to 4.03) and family history of asthma (adjOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.36). Several environmental factors varied with asthma by town. In Estevan, asthma was associated with home mould or dampness (adjOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.69) and was inversely associated with air conditioning (adjOR=0.56, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.85). The risk of asthma was increased if the child had previous exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in both communities (Swift Current: OR=1.87, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.30; Estevan: OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.43), and there was an inverse association with current exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in Estevan (OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.00). When multivariate analyses were stratified by sex, the relationship between home mould or dampness and asthma was most prominent in girls in Estevan. CONCLUSIONS Despite a similar regional location, different risk factors for asthma were identified in each community. Local environmental factors are important to consider when interpreting findings and planning asthma care.
First farmers in South India: the role of internal processes and external influences in the emergence and transformation of south India's earliest settled societies

The Neolithic period in the south Deccan plateau of south India seems to have begun sometime in the 3 rd millennium BC. It is therefore not one of the world’s earliest Neolithic transitions, nor indeed the earliest Neolithic culture in South Asia. Nonetheless, the Southern Neolithic, as it is known in India, is of significant interest to Neolithic scholars worldwide because it appears in many significant ways to represent a largely indigenous transformation. This paper will explore the evidence for both internal processes and external influences in the genesis and subsequent transformation of Neolithic society in south India. It will in particular draw on recent studies at the site of Sanganakallu-Kupgal in the Bellary District of Karnataka, as well a larger-scale archaeobotanical project in the south Deccan plateau, in order to examine patterns of exchange, production and ritual in the Neolithic and Megalithic periods in south India.
Comparison of bond stability between dual-cure resin cements and pretreated glass-infiltrated alumina ceramics.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the bond stability of resin cements used for luting alumina-based all-ceramic dental restorations. BACKGROUND DATA Although different pretreatments may be applied on alumina to improve bond strengths, any previous study investigated the bond stability of resin-based cements luted to laser-irradiated alumina. METHODS 64 sintered, glass-infiltrated alumina blocks were sandblasted and randomly assigned to the following subgroups: 1. no additional treatment (NT); 2. Rocatec (Roc); 3. Nd:YAG laser (L); and 4. Nd:YAG laser plus Rocatec (LRoc). Composite samples were bonded to conditioned ceramics using two different resin based cements: a self-etching adhesive cement-Panavia F (PF) and a self-adhesive resin cement-RelyX Unicem (RXU). After 24 h, bonded specimens were cut into microtensile sticks (1 ± 0.1 mm(2)). One-half of the beams were loaded in tension until failure. The remaining one-half was immersed in 10%-NaOCl aqueous solution (NaOCl(aq)) for 12 h before testing. ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests were run (P < 0.05). Failure mode was recorded. Ceramic topography was SEM-analyzed. RESULTS After 24 h, L-sticks achieved the highest MTBS despite the cement type, whereas NT-samples recorded the lowest values. After NaOCl(aq) immersion bond strengths decreased except for RXU luted to NT-alumina. PF luted to L- and LRoc-samples, and RXU luted to L-sticks attained the highest bond strength. CONCLUSIONS Nd:YAG laser irradiation improved bond strength between alumina ceramics and resin cements (PF or RXU). Chemical challenging impaired adhesion, mainly through resin matrixes and silane coupling degradation. Laser-treated specimens remained with the highest bond strength.
Awareness of women regarding hepatitis B.

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is the major health problem globally casting an enormous burden on health care system and major source of patient's misery. It is also an important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and is likely to remain a serious health problem resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality for several decades to come. Objective of the study was to determine the level of awareness regarding hepatitis B among women attending obstetric and gynaecology clinic at Isra university Hospital. It was descriptive study and conducted in Obstetric and Gynaecology, Outpatient Department of Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Sindh from 2nd January to 3rd June 2008. METHODS Total 121 women of 20-50 years were gathered by sample of convenience. Information was collected on predesigned questionnaire containing questions regarding basic knowledge of disease, its causative organism, route of transmission and its prevention. Informed consent was taken. All the data was analyzed by computer software Programme of Social Sciences (SPSS version 11.0). RESULTS Out of 121 women, 82 (67.76%) women correctly responded that virus is a cause of hepatitis. When they were asked about the organs affected by hepatitis B infection, 91 (75.20%) correctly mentioned liver, while 30 (24.79%) gave incorrect answer. Regarding mode of transmission of HBV 41 (33.88%) mentioned infected blood transfusion, 49 (40.49%) contaminated needles, 46 (38.0%) un-sterilised instruments, 21 (17.35%) from mother to child and only 23 (19.0%) mentioned sexual intercourse. Only 51 (42.14%) women knew that vaccine is available for prevention. CONCLUSION This study found that the knowledge about hepatitis B virus among women is inadequate and there are certain misconceptions regarding its mode of transmission through sharing room, touching etc which needs to be clarified. Majority of women don't know that HBV infection can be prevented by using condoms.
Proposed update of angiotensin receptor nomenclature.

Angiotensin II exerts a wide range of actions on the heart, blood vessels, adrenals, kidneys, and nervous system and plays a major role in blood pressure maintenance and volume homeostasis. Its effects are mediated mainly by plasma membrane receptors. Efforts to elucidate the nature and distribution of these receptors have involved intensive research on the part of pharmacologists, molecular biologists, and clinicians, and to avoid confusion it is therefore important that a uniform nomenclature be adopted by all disciplines concerned. The International Union of Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Nomenclature Subcommittee for Angiotensin Receptors met in Oxnard, Calif, in February 1994. At this meeting, scientists working in the field were invited to exchange views on new issues relating to angiotensin receptor subtypes, their functions, and appropriate amendments to the nomenclature proposed in 1991.1 The committee has not yet been able to put forward a definitive recommendation in this fast-moving area, but the simple and workable guidelines suggested in this article reflect the opinion of many specialists. Comments from the scientific community are welcome to help in formulating a proposal that could be endorsed by the IUPHAR. To avoid any ambiguity, it is recommended that Ang should be used as the standard abbreviation for the hormone angiotensin, in conformity with a previous report2 from the Joint Nomenclature and Standardization Committee of the International Society of Hypertension, American Heart Association, and the …
Distribution of High Risk Human Papillomavirus Types in Western Kazakhstan - Retrospective Analysis of PCR Data.

BACKGROUND Virtually all cases of cervical cancer are caused by persistent infections with a restricted set of human papillomaviruses (HPV). Cancer of the cervix is the third or even the second most common cancer in women worldwide, more than 85% of the cases occurring in developing countries, such as China and India, including the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose was to determine the HPV type distribution to evaluate efficacy of vaccination and adjust cancer prevention strategy in Western Kazakhstan in the future. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of data obtained from PCR laboratories in 4 regional centers for the time period covering 12 months, 2013-2014, using AmpliSens® Real-Time PCR kits for HPV testing of 12 genotypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59). RESULTS A total of 1,661 persons were HPV tested within 2013-14, but a proprotion examined for 16 and 18 genotypes only (563) was not been included for statistic analysis of distribution and ratio of the most common genotypes. Males accounted for only a small number (N=90 in total). CONCLUSIONS Total number of the HPV-positive appeared to be 26.0%, or 286 of N=1098. Types distribution was as follows: type 16 (10.7%), 39 (5.83%), 51 (5.27%), 31 (4.85%), 56 (4.58%), 18 (3.61%), 59 (2.64%), 58 (2.22%), 35 (1.94%), 33 (1.25%). Overall the HPV infection was highest in 16-29 years old (62.4%) and decreased with age. Total prevalence of the HR-HPVs amongst male population was 21.4% with top five types 16, 18, 39, 51, 31. Trends forcorrelations between Aktau site and type 33 (Cramer's V 0.2029), between Caucasian ethnicity and type 33 (Cramer's V .1716), and between European ethnicities in Uralsk and type 45 (Cramer's V .1752) were found. Of N 563 tested separately for 16 or 18 types, 13.6% were positive. As a whole, the distribution of 16/18 types had a ratio of 3.53:1. Given the vaccine-targeted type 16 is widely spread amongst this regional population, HPV immunization program of adolescent girls 10-13 years should be implemented appropriately.