Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managerial Competency and Organizational Flexibility in Small and Medium Enterprises in Botswana

Although the discovery of diamond has propelled Botswana from one of the poorest countries in 1966 to its current stage of development as a middle-income country, the country still faces the problems of economic diversification, employment creation, income generation and distribution, and poverty alleviation. Governmental and non-governmental organizations have put many efforts on the development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to diversify the economy away from mining, to create jobs and alleviate poverty. However, the pace of development of SMEs, after 30 years, is very slow and discouraging. The SMEs failure rate, caused by a plethora of internal and external factors, is now estimated to be over 80 %. There is a general consensus among policy makers, politicians, and researchers in Botswana that this trend should not be al-lowed to continue indefinitely. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceived critical managerial factors (PCMFs) affecting the development of SMEs by collecting primary data from 203 SMEs in 3 cities in the Republic of Botswana by means of questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to present the demographic distribution of the sample firms, the identification, ranking and association of PCMFs. The findings showed that five PCMFs (human resources development; organizational development, managerial background; managerial leadership and competitive strategy) affect the performance of SMEs. The PCMFs are strongly related among them-selves, indicating the need for a holistic and systematic approach in addressing them. Important relationships were also found between the PCMFs and firm-specific demographic variables such as ownership status, experience and operating period. Recommendations and implications of the findings for future research, policy makers, practitioners in SMEs, and SMEs support agencies and groups are also forwarded.
Interactions between polyps of Aurelia aurita and planktonic larvae of scyphozoans : an experimental study

Predation by polyps of the scyphozoan Aurelia aurita (L.) on planula larvae of their own species and on planulae of the scyphozoan Cjfanea capillata (L.) was studied in laboratory experiments. Transplant experiments in the field tested whether high densities of established A. aurita polyps could affect the recruitment of planktonic larvae and if Interactions between the polyps occur. More planula larvae of C. caplllata than of A. aurita were eaten by the polyps. The transplant experiments showed that dense covers of A. aurita polyps can affect recruitment of planulae and other planktonic larvae to hard-bottom communities. The most likely explanation is predation on the larvae. Interactions indicating competition for space or food between already established polyps and settling planulae were observed. Mortality among established polyps was greater at high than at low densities. Planula larvae of both A. aurita and C. capillata showed an increased rate of metamorphosis in the presence of A. aurita polyps in the laboratory experiments.
Will get fooled again: Emotionally intelligent people are easily duped by high‐stakes deceivers

Purpose. There is major disagreement about the existence of individual differences in deception detection or naturally gifted detection ‘wizards’ (see O'Sullivan & Ekman, 2004 vs. Bond & Uysal, 2007). This study aimed to elucidate the role of a specific, and seemingly relevant individual difference – emotional intelligence (EI) and its subcomponents – in detecting high-stakes, emotional deception. Methods. Participants (N= 116) viewed a sample of 20 international videos of individuals emotionally pleading for the safe return of their missing family member, half of whom were responsible for the missing person's disappearance/murder. Participants judged whether the pleas were honest or deceptive, provided confidence ratings, reported the cues they utilized, and rated their emotional response to each plea. Results. EI was associated with overconfidence in assessing the sincerity of the pleas and greater self-reported sympathetic feelings to deceptive targets (enhanced gullibility). Although total EI was not associated with discrimination of truths and lies, the ability to perceive and express emotion (a component of EI), specifically, was negatively related to detecting deceptive targets (lower sensitivity [d′]). Combined, these patterns contributed negatively to the ability to spot emotional lies. Conclusions. These findings collectively suggest that features of EI, and subsequent decision-making processes, paradoxically may impair one's ability to detect deceit.
Does Inter‐Jurisdictional Competition Engender a 'Race to the Bottom'? A Meta‐Regression Analysis

A growing literature documents the existence of strategic political reactions to public expenditure between rival jurisdictions. These interactions can potentially create a downward expenditure spiral (‘race to the bottom’) or a rising expenditure spiral (‘race to the top’). However, in the course of identifying the existence of such interactions and ascertaining their underlying triggers, the empirical evidence has produced markedly heterogeneous findings. Most of this heterogeneity can be traced back to study design and institutional differences. This paper contributes to the literature by applying meta-regression analysis to quantify the magnitude of strategic inter-jurisdictional expenditure interactions, controlling for study and institutional characteristics. We find several robust results beyond confirming that jurisdictions do engage in strategic expenditure interactions, namely that strategic interactions: (i) are weakening over time, (ii) are stronger among municipalities than among higher levels of government, and (iii) appear to be more influenced from tax competition than yardstick competition, with capital controls and fiscal decentralization shaping the magnitude of fiscal interactions.
Hidden privatization of public education in Cambodia: Equity implications of private tutoring

The international construction of a new political economic order in Cambodia has had contradictory effects on education. The rhetoric of democracy thrives alongside corruption and human rights abuses, the Education for All initiative exists alongside privatization of public education, and many international education development efforts perpetuate (post)colonial legacies. In this context, private tutoring has emerged as an essential part of the public education system. A mastery of the required curriculum is now possible only through a careful combination of public schooling and private tutoring. Only those who can afford private tutoring thus receive access to a complete national education and have greater opportunities to successfully graduate from public school. Drawing on a preliminary analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, including 26 classroom observations, six focus groups with a total of 37 participants, grade tracking of 36 students, and informal interviews with 10 participants, this article examines the nature, scope, and equity implications of private tutoring in Cambodia. The article concludes by explaining how a seamless combination of public schooling and private tutoring creates an educational arrangement that continues to stratify Cambodian youth along socioeconomic lines.
Studying of mixing speed and temperature impacts on rheological properties of wheat flour dough using Mixolab.

Wheat flour dough is highly non-Newtonian, time-dependent, strain-dependent and viscoelastic. These rheological properties are very sensitive to temperature, water content and composition. Dough mixing is one of the most important ways to characterize the quality of wheat flours. Proper dough development is affected by mixing intensity (mixing speed) and work imparted to the dough. The objective of this research was to study impact of mixing speed and temperature on thermomechanical properties of breadmaking quality wheat flours using Mixolab. Analysis was carried out at the constant water absorption (98% db) using standard Chopin+ protocol, which consisted of a heating/cooling cycle after a certain mixing time at constant mixing speed (60 -120 rpm). Effect of temperature at 80 rpm, 100 rpm, 120 rpm, and effect of mixing speed at 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C were also studied. Strong relationships were observed between the mixing speed (rpm) and the Mixolab parameters (dough consistency during mixing (C1), mixing stability, protein weakening (C2), starch gelatinization (C3), amylase activity (C4) and starch gelling (C5). Mixing temperature was observed to have higher impact on dough consistency and stability than mixing speed. Softening effect of temperature was more significant at low mixing speeds.
Role of B diffusion in the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in Ta\Co20Fe60B20\MgO nanowires

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The Comprehensive Framework for Supplier’s Agile Performance Evaluation

Under today’s volatile business environment, companies are reaching the point where they need to be more agile – intelligent, fast, flexible, and responsive to changes. Leveraging supplier-buyer relationships to create agile supply chains is one of the strategies that can help companies make a successful transition to an agile enterprise. Under this new paradigm shift, companies need a new set of tools and methodologies to dynamically choose suppliers in order to maintain their competitive advantage. The goal of this research is to address this need by developing a comprehensive framework for evaluating suppliers’ agile performance. Two new sets of metrics, “change response proficiency” and “Agility intangible infrastructure,” are introduced. The first one addresses the ability of suppliers to respond to each specific change by considering the balance point across four dimensions, which are time, cost, robustness and scope. The second one addresses the organizational skills, information and knowledge and corporate culture that help companies enable their ability to respond to changes quickly and efficiently. Our model, based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques, is developed and employed in this research to identify and prioritize the required metrics. This comprehensive framework builds upon the concepts developed through the Agility Program at Lehigh University in partnership with company project sponsors and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development. A real-life case study is used to illustrate the application of this new framework.
D G ] 1 8 D ec 2 01 8 Extremal Conformal Structures on Projective Surfaces

We introduce a new functional Ep on the space of conformal structures on an oriented projective manifold (M, p). The nonnegative quantity Ep([g]) measures how much p deviates from being defined by a [g]-conformal connection. In the case of a projective surface (Σ, p), we canonically construct an indefinite Kähler–Einstein structure (hp,Ωp) on the total space Y of a fibre bundle over Σ and show that a conformal structure [g] is a critical point for Ep if and only if a certain lift [̃g] : (Σ, [g]) → (Y, hp) is weakly conformal. In fact, in the compact case Ep([g]) is – up to a topological constant – just the Dirichlet energy of [̃g]. As an application, we prove a novel characterisation of properly convex projective structures among all flat projective structures. As a by-product, we obtain a Gauss–Bonnet type identity for oriented projective surfaces.
Prevalence and Determinants of Cigarette Smoking among the College Students of Kathmandu Valley

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of smoking among the college students and to identify the factors associated with smoking. Material & Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out on 304 college students in Kathmandu valley using purposive sampling during the months of December 2009 to January 2010.The self administrated questionnaire was adopted from Global Youth Tobacco Survey2007 (GYTS) and data were collected after the verbal consent taken. The statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics, univariate and binary logistic regression to measure prevalence of smoking and to identify the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: We found 7 in 10 students were currently smokers. Among currently smokers, 78% were established smokers. The mean age of smoking onset was 14.15 years (SD=2.62). The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was 5.03(SD=3.72) and average daily expenditure was Rs. 15.18 (SD=7.87). About 90% students tried to quit smoking and 17% non smokers were susceptibility smokers. The following factors: sex (adjusted odds ratio(aor)=3.88,95% CI= 2.12;7.11), living with or without family members (aor=1.79,95% CI=1.01;3.17), father occupation (aor=1.85,95% CI=1.04;3.30), and friend’s smoking habits (aor=4.60,95% CI =1.92;11.0) were associated with cigarette smoking. Conclusion: There is the need of effective intervention programs to control cigarette smoking among college students.
The Influence of Animacy on Relative Clause Processing

In previous research it has been shown that subject relative clauses are easier to process than object relative clauses. Several theories have been proposed that explain the difference on the basis of different theoretical perspectives. However, previous research tested relative clauses only with animate protagonists. In a corpus study of Dutch and German newspaper texts, we show that animacy is an important determinant of the distribution of subject and object relative clauses. In two experiments in Dutch, in which the animacy of the object of the relative clause is varied, no difference in reading time is obtained between subject and object relative clauses when the object is inanimate. The experiments show that animacy influences the processing difficulty of relative clauses. These results can only be accounted for by current major theories of relative clause processing when additional assumptions are introduced, and at the same time show that the possibility of semantically driven analysis can be considered as a serious alternative.
Denning Chronology of Black Bears in Eastern Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado

ABSTRACT. Understanding factors influencing the timing of den entrance and emergence of black bears (Ursus americanus) provides insight for bear management. We determined den entrance and emergence dates for bears in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) and related these dates to vegetative productivity, weather, habitat, and demographic factors to assess the influence of these factors on denning chronology. Date of den entrance was most strongly influenced by age class, precipitation, and proportion of human-use areas in annual home ranges. Den entrance was typically later for adult bears during wetter years and when annual home ranges contained a greater proportion of human-use areas. Sex and presence of human-use areas were most strongly related to den emergence. Male bears typically emerged from dens before females, and bears emerged from dens earlier when human-use areas composed a greater proportion of annual home ranges. Collectively, our results suggest that denning behavior of black bears in RMNP was strongly influenced by presence of human-use areas, likely because of foods associated with such areas. Managers of black bears in RMNP can use precipitation to predict relative dates of den entrance, thereby allowing for more efficient strategies to combat potentially negative human—black bear encounters.
Unique and Shared Functions of Kinesin Light Chain and Milton in Drosophila Oogenesis and Axonal Transport

The roles of Milton and Kinesin light chain (Klc) in ooplasmic streaming and axonal transport in live animals have not been studied. The heavy chain of Kinesin-1 (Khc) contains the ATP-dependent motor domain. Klc is a Khc associated protein long thought to mediate cargo linkage and shown to play a role in Kinesin-1 regulation. However, Milton can compete with Klc for binding to Khc and is thought to be the linker between Khc and mitochondria. To determine the roles of Milton and Klc in vivo, we used both zygotic mutants and RNAi to knockdown Klc and Milton in Drosophila oocytes and larvae and looked for changes in cytoplasmic streaming, Oskar mRNA localization and the axonal transport of both mitochondria and dense core vesicles (DCV). Knockdown of Klc disrupts osk mRNA localization and cytoplasmic streaming, but knockdown of Milton does not. Inhibition of Milton reduces the number of mitochondria in long axons and prevents most movement, but does not affect DCVs. Inhibition of Klc significantly reduces the transport of both mitochondria and DCVs. These data suggest that Klc is working as a critical factor in these Kinesin-1 driven transport events, including a previously undescribed role in mitochondrial transport.
Managerial Creativity and Work Motivation of Secondary School Tribal Teachers In Relation To Their Occupational Self Efficacy

The purpose of the study was to find out the difference in managerial creativity and work motivation of secondary school tribal teachers in relation to their occupational self efficacy. The study was descriptive in nature and conducted over a sample of 60 secondary school tribal teachers in Kulgam, Shopian and Anantnag districts of Jammu and Kashmir State. Both male and female tribal teachers were selected as a sample with equal distribution of 30 males and 30 females by using purposive sampling technique. For collection of data, the investigator has used Managerial Creativity scale, Work Motivation Questionnaire and Occupational Self Efficacy scale. For the purpose of analysis and interpretation data, the investigator has also used t-test and corelation. The results of the study were: (a). There exists no significant difference in managerial creativity of secondary school male and female tribal teachers, (b). There exists no significant difference in work motivation of secondary school male and female tribal teachers, (c). There exists no significant difference in occupational self efficacy of secondary school male and female tribal teachers, (d). There exists positive relationship between managerial creativity and occupational self efficacy of secondary school tribal teachers, (e). There exists no significant relationship between work motivation and occupational self efficacy of secondary school male tribal teachers, (f). There exists positive relationship between work motivation and occupational self efficacy of secondary school female tribal teachers.
Depression, anxiety and stress among first year medical students in an Egyptian public university

Medical students repeatedly experience different stresses which render them more vulnerable to psychological problems that may affect their emotional, psychosocial and physical health. This study has been conducted to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among first year medical students at Menoufiya University and to identify their associated factors. This was a cross-sectional study where two self administered questionnaires have been used, the first is a structured one for identifying demographic characteristics and risk factors of psychological illness among 1 st year medical students, and the second is the Arabic version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21). The participation rate was 90%. The mean age of participants was 18.02 ± 0.26 years, and more than half (52%) were females. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among students was 63.6, 78.4 and 57.8%, respectively. Symptoms of moderate severity were the predominant among students with the studied psychological illnesses. Multiple social, demographic, behavioral and educational factors have been significantly (p < 0.05) associated with most of the studied psychological illnesses, including: gender, residence, perceived socioeconomic standard, feeling loneliness, the inability to share in families' social activities, presence of insomnia and chronic physical illnesses, studying in English language, problems with exams' criteria, lack of communication with staff members, and the organization of lectures' timetable. In conclusion, a substantial proportion of first year medical students had ongoing psychiatric problems that were associated with multiple social, demographic, behavioral, and educational factors. Interventions addressing the mental health of medical students should be initiated.
First report on optimization of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the diagnosis of Babesia felis

The objective of present study was to optimize loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the diagnosis of Babesia felis in cats. LAMP primers were designed recognizing four sections of 18SribosomalRNA (18S rRNA) gene of B. felis. The blood samples of cats microscopically positive for Babesia felis were further used to extract deoxyribo neuclic acid (DNA) and the reaction mixture of 25 µL was standardized at 63°C temperature for 1 hour. LAMP assay provided more positive samples than conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of B. felis was also determined in cats using this optimized LAMP assay and it was found that the prevalence was more in younger cats as compare to adults. The application of LAMP can be helpful in rapid, reliable and cost effective diagnosis of B. felis in field.
THE INFLUENCE OF EXERCISE PROGRAM ON THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF FEMALE PUPILS IN THE LESSONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT

The objective pilot empirical research contributes to the spread of knowledges about the possibility of exploitation of health exercise program within the lessons of physical education and sport, which has significantly (p < 0,01) confirmed its overall positive effect on the muscular system of female pupils. A significant reduction in the incidence of problems we have registered in area of postural, as well as area of phasic muscle groups. The biggest and significant changes were occured in the area of the postural muscle groups, concrete m. quadratus lumborum (p < 0,01), m. rectus femoris (p < 0,01) and m. pectoralis major (p < 0,01). In the area of phasic muscle groups we have noticed significant changes in all monitored areas. The most dominant and significant (p < 0,01) changes were occurred in the area of the abdominal muscles.
The Effect of Leader-Member Exchange Quality on Unethical Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Followers' Moral Emotions

This study examines the mediating influence of ethical emotions in the relationship between the leader-member exchange (LMX) and unethical behaviors. The survey of this study is conducted on 208 middle-level employees in Istanbul, Turkey. Our results reveals that the most frequent emotions that employees encounter are empathy, joy, pride and gratitude which shows us positive emotions are more common at workplace. Our results revealed that LMX has a negative significant effect on unethical behavior. By testing our hypothesis we found that empathy and joy mediate the relationship between LMX and unethical behaviors while pride and gratitude found to have no statistically significant effect on this relationship.