Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Impact of Effluents Discharge from Murang’a Town and Its Environs on the Water Quality of River Mathioya, Murang’a County, Kenya

Effect of effluents into rivers is of great economic, environmental and health concern. Chemical fertilizers are used extensively in modern agriculture, in order to improve yield and productivity of agricultural products. However, nutrients, leaching through the soil from agricultural activities, sewerage effluents and runoff from residential areas reaching river water resources are causing serious pollution. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of effluent discharges on water quality of River Mathioya in Murang’a County, Kenya. Samples were collected upstream and downstream of Murang’a town along the Mathioya River. The pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, total suspended solids and temperature were determined using the respective meters. Heavy metals were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry while sodium and potassium were determined using flame photometry. Nitrates and phosphates were determined using UV/Visible spectrophotometry. Fluoride ion selective electrode was used to determine fluoride. The study has shown that there was considerable amount of heavy metals in the water samples of Mathioya River, though the levels were below WHO maximum permissible levels for zinc 0.05 - 0.08, chromium 0.02 - 0.03, lead was below the limit of detection and copper 0.03 - 0.04 while iron 0.73 - 1.16 and manganese 0.88-2.24 mg/L exceeded this limit. The concentrations of the physicochemical parameters pH 6.94 - 7.76, TDS (37.84 - 54.59 mg/L), TSS (42.78 - 53.84 mg/L), DO (4.75 - 8.27 mg/L) and EC 63.89 - 80.17, nitrates (6.40 - 13.66 mg/L), phosphates (0.29 - 0.91 mg/L) and fluoride (0.68 - 0.88 mg/L). Keywords: AAS, AES, UV/VIS, ISE, physico-chemical parameters, nutrients levels, heavy metals.
Riemann surfaces in Stein manifolds with the Density property

It is shown that any open Riemann surface can be immersed in any Stein manifold with (volume) density property and of dimension at least 2, if the manifold possesses an exhaustion with holomorphically convex compacts such that their complement is connected. The immersion can be made into an embedding if the dimension is at least 3. As an application, it is shown that Stein manifolds with (volume) density property and of dimension at least 3, are characterized among all other complex manifolds by their semigroup of holomorphic endomorphisms.
Food safety knowledge and risk perception among pregnant women: A cross-sectional study in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background Pregnant women are at a higher risk of food poisoning compared to the general population. This can be detrimental to both the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and risk perception of basic food safety and handling among pregnant women in Jordan amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study among pregnant women in Jordan was conducted using an online questionnaire between November 2020 and January 2021. The survey included socio-demographic data, food safety knowledge, and risk perception questions as well as COVID-19 related questions. A total score for food safety awareness out of 50 was derived for each participant based on the sum of scores from all domains. Student t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were conducted using SPSS (Version 26) to compare the mean sum of correct responses of every section (knowledge score) by sociodemographic characteristics. Results A total of 325 participants completed the web-based survey. Most of the participants reported receiving food safety-related information during pregnancy (64.9%). The mean total score for the participants was 23.3 ± 4.6 out of 50 (score percentage 46.6%). Participants were mostly aware of foodborne diseases (82.7%) followed by cleaning and sanitation (51.2%), and personal hygiene (49.1%). The least amount of awareness was observed in the cross-contamination (35.0%), food consumption and safety (35.0%), and temperature control (32.8%) domains. Older participants and those with higher education had significantly higher mean scores (p < 0.001). Most participants agreed that the pandemic had a positive impact on enhancing the measures taken to maintain food safety during the pandemic. Conclusions This study identified gaps in food safety-related knowledge. Educational programs for pregnant women need robust reinforcement within the community. Efficient educational approaches related to food safety should be provided by health care providers and local health authorities. While the COVID-19 pandemic persists, pregnant women must be well-educated about the virus and its prevention strategies to avoid being infected and ensure their baby's safety as well as their own.
PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPEUTIC MONITORING OF MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL (MMF) IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AT EHU OF ORAN-ALGERIA : CONTRIBUTION OF PHARMACEUTICAL INTERVENTIONS

Introduction: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressant indicated for organ transplantation and other autoimmune diseases. The pharmacological therapeutic monitoring (PTM) of the MMF based on the measurement of the area under the curve (AUC) is justified. Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate the contribution of pharmaceutical interventions emitted during MMF PTM of patients with autoimmune diseases in the pharmacovigilance service of the EHU of Oran-Algeria. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of 5 years, dealing with patients treated by MMF for all autoimmune diseases in pharmacovigilance service of the EHU of Oran-Algeria. In total, 60 patients were monitored. The average age of the study population was 29.81 years with a female predominance of 56.66% (sex ratio 0.7). Result and Discussion: In our study lupus nephropathy represents the most common pathology with a rate of 51.67%, followed by nephrotic syndrome with 41.67%. 106 AUC were measured, 37.74% were below 30 mg.h / l, 49.06% were between 30 and 60 mg.h / l and 13.20% of the AUC were above 60 mg / h. / l. The signs of intolerance observed were: 60.42% of the disturbances of the hemogram, 16.67% of the various infections, 12.5% of the cutaneous affections and 10.41% of the digestive disorders. Various pharmaceutical opinions have been issued to manage this drug iatrogenic. Conclusion: The results of our study show that PTM has a major interest in predicting of response to MMF in autoimmune diseases. The application of MMF PTM in routine clinical practice should be generalized to adjust the dosage of MMF to improve the efficacy and reduce the adverse effects of this drug.
Characterization of Iraqi Local Goat Breeds Using

More than 1153 of domestic goat breeds are listed in the Domestic Animal Diversity Network (DAD-IS) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2009). Moreover, more than 850 million goats exist in the world with more than 95% found in the developing countries (FAO, 2007). From this population, Asia has the highest share at 65.3%, followed by Africa with 29.2% and Central America with 1.3% (Oliver et al. 2005). Nevertheless, only 60% of the breeds are found in the developing countries (Scherf, 2000). Europe is the broadest in goat genetic resources (33%) with only of 4% of the world’s goat population (Galal, 2005). Approximately 31% of the goats are dairy goats in the developed countries compared with only 19% for the developing world (Oliver et al. 2005). Therefore, worldwide, most goats are valued primarily for their meat. Some goats are raised not only for their meat or milk, but also for their hair. There are two types of goats raised for their hair, the Angora goat, and Cashmere goat. Maraz (Kurdi) goat is raised at high altitudes in the mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan and belong to the Cashmere bearing goat breeds. Undercoat fibers of this breed are ignored due to the unfamiliarity of the breeders with the importance of Cashmere and the possibility of its processing (Mason, 1981). Identification and characterization of breeds are a must to identify the genetic Cashmere is only produced from Maraz (Kurdi) goat breed in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of different Maraz color types, black goat and Shami breeds using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fourteen primers were used and nine out of them were selected based on their number of bands (NB) and polymorphic characteristics. These primers generated a total of 154 bands ranged from 100 to 2800 bp. Out of the total bands detected only 50 bands were found to be polymorphic. Thirteen unique bands were found in Maraz goat, whereas the highest unique band was obtained in primer 7-MO2 locus. The overall Nei’s gene diversity (gene diversity/heterozygosity) averaged 0.40, while the Shannon diversity index value was 0.58 ranged from 0.45 to 0.69. Phylogenetic dendrograms showed that three clusters, the 1 cluster branch consisted of the black goat breed, the 2 cluster includes Shami goat with both black and light brown Maraz goat. The 3 cluster includes both white and dark brown Maraz goats. Maraz color types grouped in one cluster that contains white and dark brown types and the black with light brown types were included in another cluster. It was concluded that the Maraz goat breed was closer to Shami goat than to the black goat breed.
Integration of Flipped Classroom Model for EFL Speaking

This study examined the effects of integrating flipped classroom model to teach English speaking in an EFL context. A quasi-experiment was conducted with two groups of first year non-English major students at a university in Thailand. During the 12-weeks experiment, the experimental group (n=46) received flipped instructions on grammatical and lexical knowledge via online video lectures and spent class time to do constructive role-plays to practice speaking skills based on the knowledge learned online. Meanwhile, the control group (n=48) was taught with faceto-face instruction and required to do question-and-answer drills in the textbook as speaking activities. Speaking pretests and post-tests, student questionnaires, and student interviews were employed to collect data. The data show that the experimental group received significantly higher scores in the speaking posttest than the control group; students expressed supportive opinions towards the implementation of flipped instruction and constructive roleplays. The findings of this study may provide useful knowledge for other researchers who are interested in EFL teaching innovation or teachers who seek effective speaking
Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Food Handlers in Duhok City

Food handlers harbouring S. aureus on their noses or in hands are considered as the main source of food contamination. Antibiotic resistance in S. aureus is a serious issue. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus among food handlers in restaurants of Duhok city. Nasal and hand swabs were taken from 200 food handlers. The collected swabs inoculated on mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37oC for 24-48h. Isolates identified as S. aureus underwent antimicrobial sensitivity testing to methicillin and vancomycin on Mueller Hinton agar. A total of 74 (37%) out of 200 cultures of food handlers were found to be colonized with S. aureus.53 (26.5%) isolated from the nose, compared with 8 (4.0%) from hands and 13 (6.5%) from both. 27% of the food handlers were found to be MRSA carrier, and none of the isolates were resistant to Vancomycin. The study revealed a high prevalence of MRSA among food handlers in Duhok city. Food handlers in public places are required to go through regular screening for both nasal and skin carriage of S. aureusfor the early detection and treatment of carriers. So as to protect the community from staphylococcal food poisoning and the spread of resistant S. aureus strains among the population.
Vers une compréhension du fonctionnement carboné et écohydrologique des tilleuls argentés (Tilia tomentosa Moench) plantés en alignement à Paris

La presence d’arbres en milieu urbain, ou vit plus de la moitie de la population mondiale, participe a l’amelioration de la qualite de vie des citadins par les services ecosystemiques qu’ils nous rendent. Cependant, de nombreuses etudes ont mis en evidence l’importante mortalite et la faible esperance de vie des arbres en ville du fait des stress hydriques. Nos resultats dendroclimatiques ont pu montrer qu’en comparaison avec les arbres de parc urbain ou d’arboretum, les arbres de rue ont generalement une croissance plus faible. Les precipitations en automne et au printemps semblent jouer un role preponderant pour la croissance annuelle des tilleuls argentes urbains. Nos resultats sur le niveau des reserves (lipides et glucides) montrent que les arbres en condition de stress hydrique pourraient activement reguler leurs reserves de C selon une strategie de survie a long terme. Les jeunes tilleuls argentes, quant a eux, semblent privilegier l’allocation du C dans la croissance radiale. Nos resultats sur la signature isotopique en 18O et en 2H des sources d’eau en ville, indiquent enfin que les arbres en rue semblent dependre principalement de l'eau du sol tres superficiel (couche 0-20 cm). Cette eau est un melange d'eau de pluie et d'eau non potable plus ou moins evaporees, bien que ces arbres ne soient soumis a aucune strategie d'irrigation particuliere a Paris. Les arbres les plus matures en rue semblent disposer d’une plus faible disponibilite en eau due a la plus forte evaporation des sols en surface. En conclusion, cette etude appelle a (i) la protection des sols nus d’une evaporation excessive, et (ii) une irrigation en harmonie avec la phenologie.
Study Habits of Medical Students: An Analysis of which Study Habits Most Contribute to Success in the Preclinical Years

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Academic performance during the first two years of medical school is an important predictor of success on the United States Medical Licensing Exam Step 1. Research is lacking into what study methods successful students use, with success being defined as achieving a grade point average of above 90% in all or in most of the courses in the preclinical years.This study sought to identify specific study habits that successful students use and to demonstrate an association between preclinical grades and Step 1 scores. In this study, an anonymous survey was sent to first, second, and third year medical students that included various questions about their study habits, as well as their course grades (A, B, C, or fail) and, if applicable, their Step 1 score. Results demonstrated statistically significant differences existed between Step 1 scores and grades in the second year of medical school, with A students earning higher scores. A students tended to attend class, limit use of online lectures, study for 6-8 hours a day, and review lectures the same day they were given significantly more than B and C students did. This study demonstrates that certain study habits are employed consistently by successful students. These study habits should be shared with medical students early in the preclinical years to help students reach maximum potential both in class and on Step 1, which in turn will allow students to match into their choice of residency.
Anatomical structure interpretation of the effect of soil environment on fine root function

Fine root anatomy plays an important role in understanding the relationship between fine root function and soil environment. However, in different soil environments, the variation of fine root anatomical structure in different root sequences is not well studied. We measured the soil conditions and anatomical structure characteristics (root diameter, cortical tissue, vascular tissue and xylem) of fine roots of Cupressus funebris in four experimental sites, and analyzed each level of fine roots separately. We link these data to understand the relationship between fine root anatomy and soil conditions. We found that the anatomical structure of fine roots is closely related to soil environmental factors. The fine roots of lower root order are mainly affected by soil nutrients. Among them, the cortical tissue of first-order fine roots was positively correlated with potassium and phosphorus, but negatively correlated with nitrogen, while second- and third-order fine roots was positively correlated with soil total potassium and negatively correlated with nitrogen and phosphorus. For the fine roots of high root order, the cortical tissue disappeared, and the secondary vascular tissue was mainly affected by soil moisture. In addition, we also found that the division of fine root functional groups is not fixed. On the one hand, the function of third-order fine roots will slip. For example, the decrease of soil moisture will promote the transformation of third-order fine roots into transport roots, and the reduction of nitrogen will promote the transformation of third-order fine roots into absorption roots to fix nitrogen. This transformation strategy can effectively prevent the restriction of soil nutrients on plant growth. On the other hand, with the change of habitat, the first- and second-order fine roots are still the absorbing root, and the fourth- and fifth-order fine roots are still the transport root, but the efficiency of absorption and transport will be affected. In conclusion, our findings emphasize the fine roots in different soil environment to show high levels of plasticity, shows that fine root anatomical structure changes may make plants, and reveals that the fine is just order of reaction and its mechanism in the soil environment.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Blok Dienes Dan Media Dekak-Dekak Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Ditinjau Dari Minat Belajar Pada Siswa SD Kelas III se-Dabin IV Kecamatan Jatipuro Kabupaten Karanganyar Tahun Pelajaran 2013/201

Junet Murdiyanto. S.810809019. Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Blok Dienes Dan Media Dekak-Dekak Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Ditinjau Dari Minat Belajar Pada Siswa SD Kelas III se-Dabin IV Kecamatan Jatipuro Kabupaten Karanganyar Tahun Pelajaran 2013/2014. Komisi pembimbing I Prof. Dr. Mulyoto, M. Pd. , pembimbing II: Dr. Suharno, M. Pd. Tesis : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. 2014. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) Apakah ada pengaruh penggunaan media Blok Dienes dan media dekak-dekak terhadap prestasi belajar Matematika, (2) Apakah ada pengaruh minat belajar siswa tinggi dan minat belajar siswa rendah terhadap prestasi belajar Matematika, (3) Ada tidaknya interaksi pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran dan minat belajar terhadap prestasi belajar Matematika. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas III SD se-Dabin IV Kecamatan Jatipuro Kabupaten Karanganyar tahun pelajaran 2013/2014. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik multi stage cluster random sampling sejumlah 2 SD. Teknik pengumpulan data digunakan tes untuk prestasi belajar Matematika sedangkan angket untuk minat siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis variansi dua jalan dengan sel tak sama. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan : (1) Ada pengaruh yang signifikan media pembelajaran terhadap prestasi belajar matematika pada kompetensi dasar menentukan nilai tempat, penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan bulat (2). Ada pengaruh yang signifikan minat siswa terhadap prestasi belajar matematika pada kompetensi dasar menentukan nilai tempat, penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan bulat (3). Tidak ada interaksi pengaruh bersama yang signifikan antara media pembelajaran dengan minat siswa terhadap prestasi belajar matematika pada kompetensi dasar menentukan nilai tempat, penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan bulat. Kata kunci : Media, prestasi belajar dan minat.
Biomechanics and medicine in swimming VII

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Accessing Health and Health-Related Data in Canada: The Expert Panel on Timely Access to Health and Social Data for Health Research and Health System Innovation

Notice: The project that is the subject of this report was undertaken with the approval of the Board of Governors of the Council of Canadian Academies. Board members are drawn from the Royal Society of Canada (RSC), the Canadian Academy of Engineering (CAE), and the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences (CAHS), as well as from the general public. The members of the expert panel responsible for the report were selected by the Council for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. This report was prepared for the Government of Canada in response to a request from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Any opinions, findings, or conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors, the Expert Panel on Timely Access to Health and Social Data for Health Research and Health System Innovation, and do not necessarily represent the views of their organizations of affiliation or employment. Summary: " The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) has asked the Council of Canadian Academies to assess timely access to health and social data for health research and health system innovation in Canada. "-Provided by publisher. Disclaimer: The internet data and information referenced in this report were correct, to the best of the Council's knowledge, at the time of publication. Due to the dynamic nature of the internet, resources that are free and publicly available may subsequently require a fee or restrict access, and the location of items may change as menus and webpages are reorganized. The Council of Canadian Academies (the Council) is an independent, not-for-profit organization that supports independent, science-based, authoritative expert assessments to inform public policy development in Canada. Led by a 12-member Board of Governors and advised by a 16-member Scientific Advisory Committee, the Council's work encompasses a broad definition of science, incorporating the natural, social, and health sciences as well as engineering and the humanities. Council assessments are conducted by independent, multidisciplinary panels of experts from across Canada and abroad. Assessments strive to identify emerging issues, gaps in knowledge, Canadian strengths, and international trends and practices. Upon completion, assessments provide government decision-makers, researchers, and stakeholders with high-quality information required to develop informed and innovative public policy. All Council assessments undergo a formal report review and are published and made available to the public free of charge in English and French. Assessments can be referred to the Council by foundations, non-governmental organizations, the private …