Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aggressive fibromatosis: MRI features with pathologic correlation.

OBJECTIVE We present the MRI features with pathologic correlation of aggressive fibromatosis, incorporating 203 cases over a 5-year period from the Royal Marsden Hospital Sarcoma Unit database. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty patients had imaging available for retrospective review of which 29 had preoperative MRI and final histopathologic diagnosis of aggressive fibromatosis. RESULTS The average age at diagnosis was 41.3 years with a female-to-male sex ratio of 1.2:1. Twenty lesions were extraabdominal; six, intraabdominal; and three, in the abdominal wall (classic desmoid). The average tumor size was 6.4 cm (range, 2.2-13.7 cm). Intraabdominal aggressive fibromatosis produced the largest tumors, averaging 9.5 cm. Most lesions were ovoid (52%) or infiltrative (34.5%) in outline with an irregular or lobulated contour (76%). The lesions crossed major fascial boundaries in 31% of cases overall and in 66% of patients referred for recurrent disease. On MRI, homogeneous isointensity or mild hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and heterogenous high signal on T2-weighted or STIR images were seen. All lesions enhanced after IV gadolinium, usually avidly. In contrast to previous reports, 38% of cases failed to show low signal on all pulse sequences and no abnormalities were seen in local bone structures. Histology showed sheets of bland spindle cells in dense collagen and did not vary with the MRI signal characteristics of the lesion. Patients referred for recurrent disease were most likely to have a recurrence after surgery. MRI and pathology findings did not predict recurrence. CONCLUSION Accurate diagnosis and staging of aggressive fibromatosis by MRI have important treatment and prognostic implications.
Directional flow of fallopian tube secretion in the ewe at onset of the breeding season.

The secretion of fluid in the Fallopian tube is greatest about oestrus and diminishes during the luteal phase of the cycle (e.g. Perkins, Goode, Wilder & Henson, 1965). Cannulation of both ends of the Fallopian tube in the ewe and volumetric collection of the secretion has shown that most of the fluid flowed through the ampullar orifice, but that there was marked increase in flow of fluid through the tubo-uterine junction about 4 days after the onset of oestrus (Bellve & McDonald, 1968). With the ovariectomized ewe injected with oestrogen, the peak flow through the tubo-uterine junction preceded that through the ampullar end (McDonald & Bellve, 1969). The mechanism which prevents a similar premature surge in isthmic flow in the intact ewe during the pre-ovulatory period, when oestrogen is in dominance (Moore, Barrett, Brown, Schindler, Smith & Smyth, 1969) is obscure, but progesterone from the corpus luteum of the previous ovulation may have a regulatory r\l=o^\le.Nevertheless, in the spayed ewe sequentially treated with progesterone and oestrogen, isthmic flow was not effectively restricted relative to ampullar flow (McDonald & Bellve, 1969). The transition from the anoestrous season to the breeding season is a convenient time at which to examine the direction of fluid flow in the intact animal when ovulation occurs in the absence of progesterone from a `waning' corpus luteum. Six, 5-year-old, Romney ewes were used during March to April 1967, after ensuring at laparotomy that no corpora lutea were initially present in the ovaries. Vaginal smears were taken daily, stained and assessed by the method of Robinson & Moore (1956) for evidence of ovarian activity. Insertion of cannulae into the ovarian (ampullar) and uterine (isthmic) ends of a Fallopian tube in each ewe and daily collection of tubai fluid was as described by Bellve & McDonald (1968). Fluid was collected until the approach of the third ovulatory period (second oestrus) of the breeding season, when each ewe was slaughtered and the ovaries recovered. Each set of ovaries showed two distinct generations of corpora lutea and their morphological appearance indicated that they were the result of ovulations as judged by the changes seen in vaginal smears and the fluctuations in output of tubai fluid. The first ovulation in the breeding season is usually unaccompanied by
Use of statins and the risk of death in patients with prostate cancer.

PURPOSE To determine whether the use of statins after prostate cancer diagnosis is associated with a decreased risk of cancer-related mortality and all-cause mortality and to assess whether this association is modified by prediagnostic use of statins. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cohort of 11,772 men newly diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer between April 1, 1998, and December 31, 2009, followed until October 1, 2012, was identified using a large population-based electronic database from the United Kingdom. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs of mortality outcomes associated with postdiagnostic use of statins, lagged by 1 year to account for latency considerations and to minimize reverse causality, and considering effect modification by prediagnostic use of statins. RESULTS During a mean follow-up time of 4.4 years (standard deviation, 2.9 years), 3,499 deaths occurred, including 1,791 from prostate cancer. Postdiagnostic use of statins was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer mortality (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.88) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95). These decreased risks of prostate cancer mortality and all-cause mortality were more pronounced in patients who also used statins before diagnosis (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.74; and HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81, respectively), with weaker effects in patients who initiated the treatment only after diagnosis (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.96; and HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.01, respectively). CONCLUSION Overall, the use of statins after diagnosis was associated with a decreased risk in prostate cancer mortality. However, this effect was stronger in patients who also used statins before diagnosis.
Torsional topological invariants (and their relevance for real life)

The existence of topological invariants analogous to Chern/Pontryagin classes for a standard SO(D) or SU(N) connection, but constructed out of the torsion tensor, is discussed. These invariants exhibit many of the features of the Chern/Pontryagin invariants: they can be expressed as integrals over the manifold of local densities and take integer values on compact spaces without boundary; their spectrum is determined by the homotopy groups πD−1(SO(D)) and πD−1(SO(D+1)). These invariants are not solely determined by the connection bundle but depend also on the bundle of local orthonormal frames on the tangent space of the manifold. It is shown that in spacetimes with nonvanishing torsion there can occur topologically stable configurations associated with the frame bundle which are independent of the curvature. Explicit examples of topologically stable configurations carrying nonvanishing instanton number in four and eight dimensions are given, and they can be conjectured to exist in dimension 4k. It is also.
Bone scintigraphy in breast cancer: added value of hybrid SPECT-CT and its impact on patient management

PurposeTo evaluate the incremental value of single-photon emission computed tomography—computed tomography (SPECT-CT) over planar scintigraphy and SPECT alone for equivocal bone scintigraphy lesions in patients with breast cancer and to assess its impact on patient management. MethodsA total of 102 patients with 115 equivocal lesions on planar scintigraphy underwent SPECT and SPECT-CT of selected volume. Images were evaluated in separate sessions to minimize recall bias. A scoring scale of 1–5 was used, where 1 is definitely metastatic, 2 is probably metastatic, 3 is indeterminate, 4 is probably benign, and 5 is definitely benign. With receiver operating characteristic analysis, area under the curves was constructed for each modality. Clinical/imaging follow-up and/or histopathology were taken as the reference standard. ResultsThere were 52 indeterminate lesions on planar scintigraphy, 15 on SPECT, and three on SPECT-CT. Area under the curve for SPECT-CT was significantly larger compared with planar scintigraphy (P<0.001) and SPECT (P=0.033). This improvement was mostly for lytic lesions (P<0.0001). In patients (n=67) in whom the lesions under evaluation were the only lesions and hence whose management was decided, SPECT-CT was superior to SPECT (P=0.045) and planar scintigraphy (P <0.001). ConclusionSPECT-CT is better than planar scintigraphy and SPECT alone for characterizing equivocal bone scintigraphy lesions in patients with breast cancer and can have a significant impact on patient management.
Monaural Ear Differences for Same-Different Reaction Times to Speech with Prior Knowledge of Ear Stimulated

Morais and Darwin's (1974) finding of a right-ear advantage for speech on a “same-different” reaction-time task under monaural stimulation was replicated with 8 Ss who knew before each block of trials which ear would be stimulated. The effect cannot be accounted for in terms of a lateral bias in voluntary attention.
REVIEW: The genetics of alcoholism: identifying specific genes through family studies

Alcoholism is a complex disorder with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Studies in humans have begun to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of the risk for alcoholism. Here we briefly review strategies for identifying individual genes in which variations affect the risk for alcoholism and related phenotypes, in the context of one large study that has successfully identified such genes. The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) is a family‐based study that has collected detailed phenotypic data on individuals in families with multiple alcoholic members. A genome‐wide linkage approach led to the identification of chromosomal regions containing genes that influenced alcoholism risk and related phenotypes. Subsequently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in positional candidate genes located within the linked chromosomal regions, and analyzed for association with these phenotypes. Using this sequential approach, COGA has detected association with GABRA2, CHRM2 and ADH4; these associations have all been replicated by other researchers. COGA has detected association to additional genes including GABRG3, TAS2R16, SNCA, OPRK1 and PDYN, results that are awaiting confirmation. These successes demonstrate that genes contributing to the risk for alcoholism can be reliably identified using human subjects.
Autoregulation of the HAC1 gene is required for sustained activation of the yeast unfolded protein response

Eukaryotic cells respond to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by activating a transcriptional induction program termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). The transcription factor Hac1p responsible for the UPR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is tightly regulated by a post‐transcriptional mechanism. HAC1 mRNA must be spliced in response to ER stress to produce Hac1p, which then activates transcription via direct binding to the cis‐acting UPR element (UPRE) present in the promoter regions of its target genes. Here, we show that the HAC1 promoter itself responds to ER stress to induce transcription of its downstream gene, similarly to the KAR2 promoter; the KAR2 gene represents a major target of the UPR. Consistent with this observation, the HAC1 promoter contains an UPRE‐like sequence, which is necessary and sufficient for the induction and to which Hac1p binds directly. Cells expressing the HAC1 gene from a mutant HAC1 promoter lacking the HAC1 UPRE could not maintain high levels of either unspliced or spliced HAC1 mRNA and became sensitive to ER stress when insulted for hours. Based on these results, we concluded that autoregulation of the HAC1 genes is required for sustained activation of the UPR and sustained resistance to ER stress.
Real-time Semantic Image Segmentation via Spatial Sparsity

We propose an approach to semantic (image) segmentation that reduces the computational costs by a factor of 25 with limited impact on the quality of results. Semantic segmentation has a number of practical applications, and for most such applications the computational costs are critical. The method follows a typical two-column network structure, where one column accepts an input image, while the other accepts a half-resolution version of that image. By identifying specific regions in the full-resolution image that can be safely ignored, as well as carefully tailoring the network structure, we can process approximately 15 highresolution Cityscapes images (1024x2048) per second using a single GTX 980 video card, while achieving a mean intersection-over-union score of 72.9% on the Cityscapes test set.
Arterial Anatomy of the Nipple‐Areola Complex

Keio University Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160, Japan The blood supply of the nipple-areola complex was investigated radiographically in five fresh cadavers that had been systemically injected with lead oxide. The blood supply of the breast is derived from the external mammary, internal mammary, intercostal, and thoracoacromial arteries. We found that branches of the external and internal mammary arteries provided the dominant blood supply to the nipple-areola complex. These branches provide small vessels that traverse the subcutaneous tissue to the nipple-areola complex. Branches are given off to the areolar skin. These ascended, arborizing in the upper and middle thirds of the nipple. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 96: 843, 1995.)
Plasmon Resonances for Biospecific Interactions Sensing

An implementation of plasmon resonances in nanocomposite thin films for biosensors is discussed. The effect is studied in the system of modified Au inclusions inside the Teflon matrix. The optical response of the nanocomposite thin film with inhomogeneous distribution of embedded coated Au spherical nanoparticles across the film thickness is analyzed. The absorption profiles are calculated in a case of light incidence normally to the film surface. Their dependences on volume fractions and spatial distributions of inclusion nanoparticles across the film thickness are discussed for some values of the film thickness. The obtained absorption profiles depending on the characteristics of the shell of nanoinclusions allow proposing the optical control method for the biospecific reactions at the surface of modified nanoinclusions.
The effect of virtual reality interventions on physical activity in children and adolescents with early brain injuries including cerebral palsy

Louise Mitchell, Jenny Ziviani, Stina Oftedal, Roslyn Boyd 1 Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland. 2 Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland. 3 Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane. 4 School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia. Correspondence to: louise.mitchell@uq.edu. au
Growth of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Red Tide Waters off California

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 is autochthonous to estuarine and coastal waters. However, its population dynamics in such environments are not well understood. We tested the proliferation of V. cholerae N16961 during a Lingulodinium polyedrum bloom, as well as other seawater conditions. Microcosms containing 100-kDa-filtered seawater were inoculated with V. cholerae or the 0.6-μm-pore-size filterable fraction of seawater assemblages. These cultures were diluted 10-fold with fresh 100-kDa-filtered seawater every 48 h for four cycles. Growth rates ranged from 0.3 to 14.3 day−1 (4.2 day−1 ± 3.9) for V. cholerae and 0.1 to 9.7 day−1 (2.2 ± 2.8 day−1) for bacterial assemblage. Our results suggest that dissolved organic matter during intense phytoplankton blooms has the potential to support explosive growth of V. cholerae in seawater. Under the conditions tested, free-living V. cholerae was able to reach concentrations per milliliter that were up to 3 orders of magnitude higher than the known minimum infectious dose (104 cell ml−1) and remained viable under many conditions. If applicable to the complex conditions in marine ecosystems, our results suggest an important role of the growth of free-living V. cholerae in disease propagation and prevention during phytoplankton blooms.
Listening to Immigrant Latino Men in Rural Oregon

This study explored factors that affect access to and use of sexual and reproductive health services including family planning among immigrant Latino men residing in rural Oregon communities that have experienced a high growth in their Latino population. In-depth interviews were conducted with 49 sexually active men aged 18 to 30 years who recently immigrated to the United States. Findings from content analysis identified multiple overlapping individual-level barriers, including lack of knowledge, perception of personal risk for unintended pregnancy and STIs, and fear of disease. On a service delivery level, structural factors and the importance of confianza when interacting with providers and clinic staff were dominant themes. The majority of these themes were grounded in a cultural context and linked to men’s cultural background, beliefs, and experiences. Examining the needs of immigrant Latino men through this cultural lens may be critically important for improving access and use of sexual and reproductive health services.
Mechanics of the Aorta in Vivo: A Radiographic Approach

The hydraulic properties of the unexposed thoracic aorta were studied in five cats by angiography. Repeated measurements of pressure and diameter were obtained at various distances from the aortic root, and it became obvious that the unexposed aorta in cats was more than twice as distensible as the exposed aorta. Diameter of the aortic root, for example, varied by about 20% over a physiologic pulse pressure (40 mm Hg); even in the lower thoracic aorta variations exceeded 15%. When plotted as a function of distance from the root, aortic diameter and distensibility both decreased, and the calculated impedance increased. Despite these changes, however, the calculated reflection coefficients were quite small. It was concluded that geometric and elastic inhomogeneities in the thoracic aorta tend to balance one another, keeping the reflection coefficient quite low and helping to “decouple” the oscillatory left ventricular pump from the static peripheral vasculature. Since the aortic pulse contour is reflection-free during the first 50 msec following the onset of ventricular ejection, it may reliably indicate left ventricular properties and their changes with stress. In several animals, norepinephrine infusion was used to elevate the aortic pressure to hypertensive levels. When compared to hypertension induced by carotid reflex stimulation or mechanical occlusion of the aorta, however, aortic wall properties were essentially the same, suggesting that this agent has no important direct effect on the aortic wall.
Preterm birth and risk of epilepsy in Swedish adults

Objective: To determine whether preterm birth is associated with epilepsy in a national cohort of adults aged 25–37 years. Methods: We conducted a national cohort study of 630,090 infants born in Sweden from 1973 through 1979, including 27,953 born preterm (<37 weeks), followed from 2005 to 2009 for 1) hospitalization for epilepsy and 2) outpatient and inpatient prescription of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy diagnoses and medication data were obtained from all hospitals and pharmacies throughout Sweden. Results: We found a strong association between preterm birth and epilepsy that increased by earlier gestational age. After adjusting for fetal growth and potential confounders, odds ratios for hospitalization for epilepsy were 4.98 (95%confidence interval [CI] 2.87–8.62) for those born at 23–31 weeks, 1.98 (95% CI 1.26–3.13) for those born at 32–34 weeks, and 1.76 (95% CI 1.30–2.38) for those born at 35–36 weeks, relative to those born full-term (37–42 weeks). A similar but slightly weaker trend was observed for the association between preterm birth and antiepileptic drug prescription. These associations persisted after excluding individuals with cerebral palsy, inflammatory diseases of the CNS, cerebrovascular disease, and brain tumors. Conclusions: These findings suggest that preterm birth, including late preterm birth, is strongly associated with epilepsy in Swedish adults aged 25–37 years. This association was independent of fetal growth and was not mediated by cerebral palsy or other comorbidities.
Confirmation of the Y(4260) resonance production in initial state radiation

Using 13.3 fb{sup -1} of e{sup +}e{sup -} collision data taken in the {upsilon}(1S-4S) region with the CLEO III detector at the CESR collider, a search has been made for the new resonance Y(4260) recently reported by the BABAR Collaboration. The production of Y(4260) in initial state radiation (ISR), and its decay into {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}J/{psi}, are confirmed. A good quality fit to our data is obtained with a single resonance. We determine M(Y(4260))=(4284{sub -16}{sup +17}(stat){+-}4(syst)) MeV/c{sup 2}, {gamma}(Y(4260))=(73{sub -25}{sup +39}(stat){+-}5(syst)) MeV/c{sup 2}, and {gamma}{sub ee}(Y(4260))xB(Y(4260){yields}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}J/{psi})=(8.9{sub -3.1}{sup +3.9}(stat){+-}1.8(syst)) eV/c{sup 2}.
Gas exchange kinetics during functional electrical stimulation in subjects with spinal cord injury.

We examined the kinetics of VO2, VCO2, and VE following the onset of unloaded leg cycling, and in recovery, in six patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Exercise was produced by functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteal muscles. End-exercise VO2 (1.03 +/- 0.16 l.min-1), VCO2 (1.20 +/- 0.22 l.min-1) and VE (41 +/- 10 l.min-1) were elevated compared to values typically seen in healthy ambulatory subjects performing similar unloaded cycling. Mean response times for the on transients (MRTon) were both long and variable across subjects for VO2 (165 +/- 62 s), VCO2 (173 +/- 58 s), and VE (202 +/- 61 s). Recovery kinetics showed much less intersubject variability, and for five of six subjects were faster than the equivalent exercise MRT for all three variables (MRToff for VO2 of 103 +/- 28 s, VCO2 136 +/- 20 s, and VE 144 +/- 34 s), but P > 0.05 for all three. Size of the O2 deficit (1.96 +/- 0.90 l) and end-exercise lactate (7.05 +/- 1.65 mmol.l-1) were similar to values reported for healthy sedentary subjects performing maximal voluntary exercise, but the end-exercise heart rate (102 +/- 16 bpm) was lower than expected for this intensity of exercise. In conclusion, FES-induced unloaded cycling leads to exaggerated responses of pulmonary gas exchange and long time constants in patients with SCI. The delayed kinetics may be due in part to a blunted increase in heart rate in addition to severe deconditioning.