Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARING THREE TYPES OF RECOVERY RO- GRAMS ON REMOVAL OF LACTATE AFTRER AN INTENSIVE EXERCISE

INTRODUCTION For decades, many investigations have been focused on the production and removal of lactate in relation to exercise (see for example, Van Hall et al. 2002, Draper et al. 2006, and the references therein). During intense exercise, lactate is produced faster than the ability of the tissues to remove it, and thus lactate concentration begins to rise. Recovery process plays an essential role in determining subsequent athletic performance. Several studies have concluded that the recovery exercise causes significant disappearance of lactate in athlete’s blood. Bogdanis et al. (1996) observed that recovery of power output during repeated sprint exercise is enhanced when low intensity Exercise e is performed between sprints. Corder et al. (2000) found significant reductions in lactate during short duration low-intensity active recoveries when compared with passive recovery. Hemmings et al. (2000) also investigated the effects of massage on the disappearance of blood lactate. The goal of this study was to compare three recovery programs: active (slow running), passive (complete rest, sitting on the chair) and massage (friction type) in disappearance of stored lactate in wrestler’s blood after an exhaustive exercise. METHOD We selected 60 volunteered athletes’ students who participated in the university wrestling competition. They were divided into three groups, but only 53 persons could finish all the period of study. Blood samples were collected from athletes during the rest, after exercise and after recovery programs . The range of lactic was measured using a lactometer. The activity was 800 meter running with maximum possible speed of athletes. RESULTS Rates of lactate in passive, active and massage recovery groups in rest were 2.17, 2.11, and 2.23, after intensive exercise were 14.97, 14.81, 14.96 in final after recovery program were 10.44, 9.12 and 10,27 respectively. The measured results for three types of recovery programs (i.e., active, passive and massage) indicated that the removal rate of the lactate in athletes’ blood were not significantly different in these groups. DISCUSSION: It was observed that active recovery has better effectiveness on the disappearance of lactate in athletes’ blood comparing to other two groups. The result also showed that massage recovery program has a better outcome than the passive recovery group. Their results provided some support for the psychological benefits of Massage comparing to passive program; however, the efficiency of massage for blood lactate removal and speeding recovery in the repeated sports performance was questioned REFERENCES Van Hall G et al. (2002), American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinology and Metabolism 284, 193-205. Draper N et al. (2006), Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 5, 97 – 105. Bogdanis GC et al. (1996), European Journal of Applied Physiology, 54(5): 461-469. Corder KP et al. (2000), Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 14, 151-156. Hemmings B et al. (2002), Br J Sports Med, 34: 109-114.
Plasma and erythrocyte ion concentrations during exercise in Arabian horses

Summary Six conditioned Arabian horses were subjected to an intermittent exercise test to examine alterations in plasma and erythrocyte ions during exercise. Haematocrit, erythrocyte haemoglobin concentration, plasma potassium [K+] and lactate [La−] concentrations increased and plasma sodium [Na+] and chloride [Cl−] concentrations decreased during exercise. Erythrocyte [K+] and [La−] increased and erythrocyte [Na+] decreased during exercise. When cell volume was held constant at resting values, potassium content of the cells was slightly greater than resting values; and sodium and chloride content decreased during exercise. Increased haematocrit in horses during exercise due to splenic contraction increases the erythrocyte membrane surface area and distribution space for blood ions. Movement of lactate into erythrocytes may modulate the increase in plasma [La−), maintaining the muscle to plasma gradient and facilitating the movement of lactate from muscle into plasma.
Journal of Biotechnology Research Center (Special edition) Vol.8.No

Total of 120 samples were collected from different body sites and lesions for patients from both sexes. There were 78 isolates (65%) Staphylococcus aureus from them 37 isolates were Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Each isolate was exposed to diode laser 632nm wavelength with 300μM of methylene blue (MB) at 458.6 watt/cm 2 for 15 minutes, both phenotypic and genotypic changes in virulence factors and the antibiotic-resistance were evaluated before and after irradiation with laser light. It was observed that the effect of sub-lethal dose on the antibiotic sensitivity was isolate-dependent. In general, results showed large variations in the susceptibility of antibiotic. Exposure to diode laser increased resistance to Vancomycin, in contrast increased sensitivity to Methicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Norfloxacin. Also Results showed decreases the activity of β-haemolysin, with 33 (90.3%) isolates of S. aureus in comparison to the control as shown in blood agar method and haemolytic titration assay, but there was no effect on thermonuclease enzyme after irradiation. Detection of three genes represented in MRSA isolates by a confirmatory test was carried out using PCR technique. The results of the PCR amplification of mecA gene noted that it was present in 27(72.2%) S.aureus isolates and 14(83.3%) isolates showed reduction in β-toxin production after exposure to laser light, with no altered or deficiency in thermonuclease gene (nuc).
RUNNING HEAD: INFORMATION SHARING IN CHILDREN How Do Children Share Information in Groups?

Group decision-making should be particularly beneficial when group members share unique information, because then a group can make a better decision than each group member alone. This study examined how elementary-school children share unique information during group-decision making. Seventy-nine groups of three same-sex and sameage 7and 9-year-old children (N= 237) had to decide which one of two hypothetical candidates should play the lead role in a school musical. When information was unshared, group members had to exchange their uniquely held information to identify the best candidate. Only a minority of groups picked the best candidate when information was unshared. Yet, groups of 7-year-old children were better at identifying the best candidate and were less likely to focus on the discussion of shared information than groups of 9-year-olds. These findings are interpreted with reference to processes underlying information sharing in groups, namely collective information sampling, preference-consistent evaluation, and collaborative inhibition/inter-subjectivity.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a slowly progressive disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and by an abnormal inflammatory response in the lung

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a slowly progressive disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and by an abnormal inflammatory response in the lung (Pauwels and Rabe, 2004; Rabe et al., 2007). Besides the presence of lung inflammation, COPD is also characterized by several systemic consequences, including weight loss, skeletal muscle wasting and muscle dysfunction (Pauwels and Rabe, 2004; Decramer et al., 2005; Gea and Barreiro, 2008). Skeletal muscle dysfunction is accepted as a very important systemic consequence of COPD because it is associated with exacerbations of the disease, reduced quality of life and decreased prognosis (Pitta et al., 2005; Swallow et al., 2007). Moreover, rehabilitation programs have clearly established that muscle dysfunction is susceptible to intervention, with beneficial effects of training on general outcomes (Paz-Diaz et al., 2007; Troosters et al., 2010a; Baltzan et al., 2011). Although the mechanisms that contribute to muscle dysfunction are not completely understood, multiple factors are implicated, such as systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and nutritional deficits (Decramer et al., 2005). Furthermore, physical inactivity is likely to be the most important factor for developing muscle dysfunction because it sneaks in at the very early stages of COPD and further develops as the disease progresses (Pitta et al., 2005; Watz et al., 2008; Watz et al., 2009; Troosters et al., 2010b). Muscle dysfunction in individuals with COPD is characterized by structural and biochemical alterations in lower limb muscles, with fiber-type redistribution (muscle type shift from type I to type II) (Whittom et al., 1998; Maltais et al., 1999) and loss of muscle mass (Schols et al., 1991; Engelen et al., 1994), but the exact mechanisms and the exact role of the different factors involved remains unclear. For a better understanding of the mechanisms that lead to disease progression, including the development of muscle dysfunction, improving existing animal models is fundamental. Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is the most appropriate model to study emphysema in mice and several exposure systems are available (Wright et al., 2008; Luthje et al., 2009; Stevenson and Birrell, 2010). The nose-only exposure system probably best resembles the human situation (Wright et al., 2008; Stevenson and Birrell, 2010). Until now, only a few studies have used nose-only exposure systems to induce emphysema and these studies mainly focused on alterations in the lungs (Takubo et al., 2002; Guerassimov et al., 2004; Bracke et al., 2006). To explore the mechanisms that contribute to muscle dysfunction in COPD,
Does Patient Dementia Limit the Use of Cardiac Catheterization in ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction?

Regardless of age or mental capacity, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the first line of treatment for ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study evaluates the disparities in the use of diagnostic cardiac catheterization and PCI in STEMI patients with dementia. A retrospective analysis was performed of Florida‟s comprehensive inpatient surveillance system for the years 2006-2007 with admission diagnosis of STEMI. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify disparities in the use of intervention among all STEMI patients. A total of 8,331 STEMI patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 77% were catheterized and of these 67% received PCI. A total of 605 (7.3%) were demented. Patients with dementia were less likely to be catheterized (RR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.5) and less likely to receive PCI within 24 hours (RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.6). This study concludes that STEMI patients with dementia were much less likely to receive cardiovascular interventions.
HIV and Lung Cancer

Lung cancer patients with HIV infection are expected to become an emerging issue with respect to morbidity and mortality, as the number of such patients is rapidly increasing. However, few reports or textbooks dealing with this issue have documented the details of these cases. Thus, in clinical settings, infectious disease physicians or medical oncologists occasionally hesitate to treat HIV-infected patients with lung cancer. Since 1996, the outcome of HIV-infected patients has improved, because CD4 cell counts and viral load are generally well controlled with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which strongly inhibits HIV viral proliferation and restores the patient’s immunological status. Furthermore, the prognosis in the HIV population has improved significantly due to the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections (OIs). As a result, HIV infection is chronically manageable. In the preHAART era, the median survival time in the HIV population was 10 years, while, at present, 85% of patients survive more than 10 years. (Sepkowitz, 2001) In the pre-HAART era, most HIV-infected patients died of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Recently, however, one-third of all such patients die of malignant tumor,(Bonnet et al., 2009) and deaths due to AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs), such as Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), and invasive cervical carcinoma, which were defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), are decreasing. On the other hand, the number of deaths due to non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) is increasing. (Engels et al., 2008, Silverberg et al., 2009) At present, in the population with HIV infection, lung cancer accounts for 5% of all deaths and 15% of all deaths by malignant tumors. (Bonnet et al., 2009) Of all of the NADCs, lung cancer is the most common,(Engels et al., 2006, Lavole et al., 2006, Patel et al., 2008) followed by breast cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), penile cancer, lip cancer, and testicular seminoma. (Frisch et al., 2001) In 1984, Irwin et al. reported the first case with simultaneous HIV infection and lung cancer,(Irwin et al., 1984) and several dozen patients have since been reported in the United States and Europe. (Table. 1) The clinical demographics of lung cancer with HIV infection differ slightly from the general population and are characterized by younger age, advanced stage at diagnosis, and aggressive tumor extension. Thus, the prognosis of lung cancer in the HIV population is poorer than that of lung cancer in the general population. (Lavole et al., 2006) Moreover, patient fragility to treatment needs to be considered. In the general population, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Furthermore, in the last decade, there has been progress in lung cancer
"A prison with extra flavours": experiences of immigrants in Swedish immigration detention centres

Purpose – The immigration detention environment largely influences the health and well-being of detainees by either aggravating medical conditions or contributing to new illness. There is limited research on how detainees experience and try to cope with this environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe experiences of detainees in Swedish immigration detention centres. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews were conducted in three detention centres with a total of 21 detainees who had been detained for at least two weeks. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings – The detainees likened immigration detention to imprisonment. They experienced lack of control over their life situation mainly through arbitrary restrictions and lack of proper response from authorities making it appear futile to seek help. This perceived lack of control forced them into passivity. Differences in amenities provided in the centres were observed and some of these were reported to assist in making detention more bearable. Research limitations/implications – This study provides only one stakeholder perspective. The perspectives of other stakeholders, such as detention staff, health care professionals and volunteers must be explored to improve understanding and mitigate the effects of detention. Originality/value – Irrespective of the better standards of detention in Sweden, the detainees considered detention as imprisonment affecting their health and well-being. If states deem detention to be necessary, improved staff-detainee interaction should be ensured through proper staff training, arbitrary restrictions within detention should be avoided and health care services should be improved.
Hemodynamics and vascular development in the chicken embryo and the effects of homocysteine and folic acid treatment

textabstractCongenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common birth defects in newborns, with a prevalence rate in the Netherlands of 7-8 per 1000 live births per year. Prenatal screening has led to early detection of approximately one third of CHD, and consequently to increased rates of terminations of pregnancy. Although, due to medical and surgical improvements, the majority of these children reach adulthood, CHD are still the most frequent cause of infant death related to birth defects. Unfortunately, in only about 15 percent of cases a cause can be identified. These CHD are caused by genetic or environmental factors. The remaining cases are thought to be complex and multifactorial. Studies on the etiology of CHD are needed to increase our knowledge and reveal possible underlying mechanisms and pathways. Hopefully, this will lead to the implementation of preventative measures in the future.
Diabetic Patients Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Oral Health

Despite the worldwide recognition of the dangers of diabetes mellitus, diabetic patients’ awareness of and attitudes toward their heightened risk for oral diseases has not been fully addressed. Oral hygiene behavior and seeking oral health care depend on a number of factors. Lack of knowledge about dental health and comply better with hygiene is among the reasons for non-adherence to oral hygiene practices, economical constrains, lack of facilities and lack of proper guidance. The Purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of diabetic patients about their risk for oral diseases as complications associated with diabetes, and to assess their attitudes and practices toward sustaining good oral health through proper oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups. A cross sectional study was conducted including 612 diabetic patients visiting the primary health care centers in abha city. Results showed that More than half of the included patients (52.3%) were not aware that diabetic patients are more prone to oral diseases and only less than half of them (46.1%) and (46.4%) knew that DM. cause dental caries and affect gingival. The level of awareness and dental health knowledge in diabetic patients was deficient. Most diabetic patients knew about various medical complications of diabetes and the effect of DM on the body systems . About the attitude and practice of the diabetic patients towards oral health, the overall oral hygiene measures in diabetic patients were found to be good. Keywords: Diabetic patient? , knowledge, Attitude and practice, oral Health
DMSO_A_218545 2181..2191

Piotr Jarecki 1 Waldemar A Herman 2 Elżbieta Pawliczak 3 Katarzyna Lacka 4 1Student Scientific Club of Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Wielkopolskie, Poland; 2Outpatients Clinic of Endocrine Diseases, Wschowa, Lubuskie, Poland; 3Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Wielkopolskie, Poland; 4Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Wielkopolskie, Poland Introduction: In men suffering from metabolic syndrome, accompanying insulin resistance may result in a lowering of sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) plasma levels and cause changes in their androgenic status. Aim: The objective of the research was to assess selected androgens and SHBG plasma levels in males meeting diagnostic criteria for MS compared to healthy males. Patients and methods: The group consisted of 65 men aged between 40 and 70 years old fitting IDF metabolic syndrome criteria and 84 controls. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphate (DHEA–S), total and free testosterone and SHBG serum levels were evaluated. Calculated free and bioavailable testosterone were estimated using an algorithm proposed by the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male. Results: Men diagnosed with MS showed a statistically significant decrease in plasma levels of DHEA in comparison to healthy ones: 11.579 (8.39–15.56) vs 14.014 (9.611–17.125) ng/mL; p = 0.0350, SHBG: 47.46 (35.78–62.83) vs 71.965 (54.45–91.56) nM/L; p<0.0001 and total testosterone: 5.2 (3.8–6.5) vs 6.3 (5.4–8.25) ng/mL; p = 0.0001 (values presented as a median with Q1–Q3). Conclusion: The results suggest that SHBG is a good early marker for metabolic dysregulation in MS, considering its strength of association and significance is comparable to, or better than, those of MS criteria.
Airway inflammation during clinical remission of atopic asthma : effect of anti-inflammatory therapy

As stated in the introductory remarks, various questions arise from the epidemiological fact that a great deal of subjects with apparently outgrown asthma experiences a relapse of symptoms of asthma later in life. ln the present thesis, the next questions will be addressed: Are we able to produce convincing arguments of ongoing airway inflammation and/or remodeling in subjects who are believed to have outgrown their asthma? To address this question, we measured spirometry values, bronchial responsiveness to different inhaled stimuli, and exhaled nitric oxide levels in adolescents in clinical remission of atopic asthma. Clinical remission was defined as complete absence of symptoms without the use of any medication in the year preceding the study. Chapter 3 describes the results of this study, wherein subjects in clinical remission were compared with subjects with symptomatic asthma and healthy controls. In Chapter 4 invasively obtained "proof' of ongoing airway inflammation and remodeling during clinical remission of atopic asthma is discussed. By means of flexible bronchoscopy, biopsies were obtained from the airway walls in all subjects from the three study groups. A comparison of biopsy findings, including inflammatory cell type density and various indices of airway remodeling, was made between the groups. Also, data were compared with noninvasive markers of airway disease, such as exhaled nitric oxide levels and bronchial responsiveness to inhaled stimuli. 2 If persistent airway inflammation can be demonstrated during clinical remission, could blunted symptom perception explain the discrepancy between the lack of symptoms and ongoing disease? This question will be dealt with in chapter 5, where a study is described in which we obtained "BORG" dyspnea scores from subjects in clinical remission and subjects with symptomatic asthma during MCh and AMP provocation. 3 Would subjects with subclinical airway inflammation and remodelling benefit from antiinflammatory treatment in the short-term? In chapter 6, a double blind, longitudinal, placebo controlled study is described in which subjects in clinical remission of atopic asthma are treated for three months with either the salmeterol/flixotide propionate combination product (Seretide) or placebo. Again, invasive- as well as non-invasive indices were obtained from all subjects before and after treatment. 4 Asthma remission- does it exist? This question will be dealt with in chapter 7. Whether "true" remission of asthma can be reached with or without the aid of prolonged anti-inflammatory treatment is as yet unknown. A review of relevant literature as well as a proposal to deal with subjects with apparently outgrown asthma is given.