Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating water‐saving schemes in the design of sanitary sewers

Urbanisation and climate change worsen the ever‐increasing gap between demand and the supply of water. Closing the gap between water demand and supply remains a global challenge that influences the growing uptake of water‐saving schemes (WSSs) to reduce the threat to water security. This study proposes a method for simultaneous design of sanitary sewers (SSs) and the selection of WSSs. An integrated design approach (or problem) that matches SSs with WSSs was formulated and solved as a multi‐objective optimisation problem. The two objectives considered are: (1) minimisation of the total cost and (2) maximisation of the cost benefits of interventions. The main constraints considered include the sanitary sewer technical and hydraulic performances. The problem was solved using the well‐known NSGA2 optimisation technique. The proposed method was demonstrated using a subsystem of the Tsholofelo Extension sanitary sewer in Gaborone. The results obtained from the integrated approach suggest that WSSs influence designs of the sanitary sewer (SS) and the other way round.
A New Kannemeyeriiform Dicynodont (Ufudocyclops mukanelai, gen. et sp. nov.) from Subzone C of the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone, Triassic of South Africa, with Implications for Biostratigraphic Correlation with other African Triassic Faunas

ABSTRACT A new taxon of kannemeyeriiform dicynodont, Ufudocyclops mukanelai, is described based on a well-preserved skull from Subzone C of the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone, which are the youngest strata (probably Middle Triassic) of the Beaufort Group (uppermost Burgersdorp Formation) in South Africa. Ufudocyclops mukanelai is diagnosed by its autapomorphic intertemporal morphology: the intertemporal bar in this taxon is ‘X'-shaped—broad anteriorly and posteriorly but distinctly ‘pinched’ at mid-length and bears a deep, triangular depression immediately behind the enormous pineal foramen. The new kannemeyeriiform can also be diagnosed by the presence of a laterally expanded jugal plate beneath the orbit, and highly discrete, ovoid nasal bosses separated by a broad, unornamented median portion of the premaxilla and the nasals. Two partial dicynodont skulls from this subzone, previously identified as specimens of the otherwise Tanzanian taxon Angonisaurus, are also referable to U. mukanelai. Removal of these specimens from the hypodigm of Angonisaurus eliminates a crucial point of correlation between Cynognathus Subzone C and the Manda Beds of Tanzania and suggests that Subzone C preserves a distinct, endemic fauna, not just a southern extension of the better-known Middle–Late Triassic tetrapod faunas from Tanzania and Zambia. Inclusion of Ufudocyclops in a phylogenetic analysis of anomodonts recovers it as an early stahleckeriid, the first record of this clade from the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone.
Femicide, intimate partner violence and legal complaints in Spain

ABSTRACT Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a health problem of epidemic proportions throughout the world, and also in Spain. This violence has consequences on health and may even result in death (e.g. intimate partner femicides). Unfortunately, many cases of IPVAW are not reported, and legal complaints of violent abuse are not made in all cases. In fact, in Europe, only about one-third of the victims of partner violence (and only about 26% in Spain) had previously contacted either the police or any other organization. And the available information reveals a similar lack of previous legal complaints in the case of intimate partner femicides. This work focuses on analysing intimate partner femicides in Spain, reflecting on the low reporting rates of legal complaints observed in these cases, and on the reasons why intimate partner femicide victims have or have not filed a previous complaint. Particularly, we present and analyse secondary data about the occurrence of this type of femicide, and about the rates of legal complaints in these cases. We also reflect on strategies to improve the knowledge about why victims of intimate partner femicide have not filed a previous complaint.
Intercropping with fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) enhanced seed yield and reduced Orobanche foetida infestation in faba bean (Vicia faba)

ABSTRACT Orobanche foetida is a devastating weed parasitising faba bean crops in Tunisia. Several methods have been used for controlling this parasite, but without much success. In this study, the effect of intercropping with fenugreek on O. foetida infestation and faba bean production was studied. Results showed a significant reduction in O. foetida infestation in the susceptible (Badi) and resistant (Najeh) faba bean cultivars when intercropped with fenugreek in field, pot and petri dish experiments. This reduction appeared to be related to reduced seed germination and low numbers of underground Orobanche attachments, which may have been as a result of allelochemicals released by fenugreek roots, though this was not confirmed in this study. Intercropping with fenugreek also resulted in a significant increase in the shoot dry weight and seed yield especially in the resistant cultivar Najeh. These results attest that intercropping with fenugreek can be used in an integrated strategy management to reduce broomrape infestation.
Using Local Capacity To Assess Carbon Stocks In Two Community Forest In South-East Cameroon

ABSTRACT Quantification of forest biomass is a challenge for developing countries due to insufficient data and lack of expertise. Involving villagers in this work, especially in the case of local forests could improve the speed and efficiency of this quantification process. This article describes the participatory approach implemented to assess carbon stocks in two community forests located in south-eastern Cameroon. This was put into practice for forest inventory work and the estimation of biomass and carbon stocks. The aim was to use classic scientific approaches of inventory and cartography, but involving local populations in the different stages of the process. The involvement of local populations, through the mobilization of their indigenous knowledge, significantly increases data quality and considerably reduces the costs and duration of the evaluation process. Ultimately, only 2% of the trees inventoried were “unknown” by local botanists, 92.3% of the species identified by them had accurate scientific correspondences. Help of local actors contributed to halving the time required to set up the plots and reduced the cost of operations by twenty times compared with using experts. REDD +, at least its local level monitoring dimension, could be successful if implemented in a dialectic involving expert scientists and local populations.
Comparing statistical and mechanistic models to identify the drivers of mortality within a rear-edge beech population

Since several studies have been reporting an increase in the decline of forests, a major issue in ecology is to better understand and predict tree mortality. The interactions between the different factors and the physiological processes giving rise tree mortality, as well as the inter-individual variability in mortality risk, still need to be better assessed. This study investigates mortality in a rear-edge population of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) using a combination of statistical and process-based modelling approaches. Based on a survey of 4323 adult beeches since 2002 within a natural reserve, we first used statistical models to quantify the effects of competition, tree growth, size, defoliation and fungi presence on mortality. Secondly, we used an ecophysiological process-based model (PBM) to separate out the different mechanisms giving rise to temporal and inter-individual variations in mortality by simulating depletion of carbon stocks, loss of hydraulic conductance and damage due to late frosts in response to climate. The combination of all these simulated processes was associated with the temporal variations in the population mortality rate. The individual probability of mortality decreased with increasing mean growth, and increased with increasing crown defoliation, earliness of budburst, fungi presence and increasing competition, in the statistical model. Moreover, the interaction between tree size and defoliation was significant, indicating a stronger increase in mortality associated to defoliation in smaller than larger trees. Finally, the PBM predicted a higher conductance loss together with a higher level of carbon reserves for trees with earlier budburst, while the ability to defoliate the crown was found to limit the impact of hydraulic stress at the expense of the accumulation of carbon reserves. We discuss the convergences and divergences obtained between statistical and process-based approaches and we highlight the importance of combining them to characterize the different processes underlying mortality, and the factors modulating individual vulnerability to mortality.
Triassic pegmatites in the Mesozoic middle crust of the Southern Alps (Italy): Fluid inclusions, radiometric dating and tectonic implications

The schists in the northern part of the South-Alpine crystalline basement along Lake Como record Barrovian syn-kinematic metamorphism of Variscan age. They cooled below the Rb-Sr whole rock closing temperature at ca. 300 Ma and were exhumed by ca. 6-7 km before the Late Permian. In the Middle Triassic a thermal perturbation affected the South-Alpine middle crust leading to the widespread transformation of garnets into biotite + sillimanite aggregates under static conditions. Anatectic pegmatites were emplaced roughly contemporaneous with the peak temperature conditions. Rb-Sr mineral ages on pegmatites, schists and marbles between 229 and 194 Ma show the crust was again cooling during the Late Triassic, when continental rifting started. Stretching leading eventually to the opening of the Ligurian-Piemont ocean continued until Middle Jurassic times. Fluid inclusion data from the pegmatites establish that only limited decompression took place during Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous cooling. As a result of Alpine shortening, the rocks were eventually exhumed to the surface.
Ruptured liver abscess: Analysis of 50 cases

Background: Liver abscess (pyogenic and amebic) is frequently encountered clinical condition; however, it can result in lethal outcome if there is a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Despite modalities to diagnose the condition early, still ruptured liver abscess presents with a common cause of acute abdomen in surgical emergency. In developing countries, ruptured liver abscess is a common cause of mortality. For contained abscess, nonsurgical options are considered; however, for ruptured liver abscess, surgical intervention is considered necessary. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried in Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi, between 2015 and 2016. All patients with ruptured liver abscess (clear signs of peritonitis) were included in this study, and those patients having other causes of peritonitis were excluded. A preformed protocol for management was followed for all the patients, and various parameters contributing to the illness and its prognosis were evaluated and assessed. Results: Out of the fifty patients assessed, male patients were mainly affected (86%). The most affected age group was 31–40 years (64%) followed by 41–50 years (22%). Right hypochondrium pain was the most common presenting complaint. Nine patients (18%) had presented with signs of toxemia. Only right lobe of the liver was affected the most in 44 patients (88%). Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated in our study in 19 patients (38%). A total of 19 patients (38%) had diabetes in our study and total of 13 patients had mortality in our study. Conclusion: Ruptured liver abscess most commonly involves the right lobe of the liver. Males are affected far higher than the females; probable cause believed to be higher alcohol consumption. Most common affected age group falls between 30 and 60 years of age. If prompt treatment is started in time, mortality involved with it is evitable.
Key Factors Affecting Queensland Horticultural Farmers' Effective Use of Internet Based Extension Tools

Traditionally, farming has played an important role in Australia’s economy but the challenges facing the Australian agricultural industry are immense. Australia’s gross value of agricultural production in 2015-2016 was $56 billion with Queensland’s gross value of agricultural production in this period being $13.2 billion. Australia’s agricultural industry produces over ninety percent of the domestic food supply and contributes over thirteen percent of Australia’s export revenue. Yet the complex and dynamic challenges facing Australian farmers this century have created a vastly different operating environment to that of the twentieth century. Climate change, biosecurity threats, increasing consumer demands, food safety, escalating costs, acute shortage of skilled labour, import tariffs and quotas, and relatively low levels of government subsidisation compared to Europe, the US, and Japan are some of these challenges. Further challenges include the increasing demand for maximising productivity, maintaining environmental sustainability and social responsibility and remaining economically viable. Agricultural policy reforms have also increased the components in the RDE Submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of the Sunshine Coast, 2019.
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Numerical calculations show that useful information can be obtained in an electromagnetic “ crosswell survey where one of the wells is cased in steel. Our simple model is based on the assumption of an infinitely long uniform casing embedded in a homogeneous full space. Nevertheless the results indicate that if the pipe characteristics are independently known then the formation signal can be accurately recovered. This is best done at a single frequency where the pipe attenuation is modest. In fact we show that the optimal fi-equency for formation signal recovery is defined mainly by the pipe parameters and is largely independent of the formation conductivity. Introduction This feasibility study of subsurface electromagnetic measurements is a direct outgrowth of our previous work in fiber cased wells. As previously reported by Wilt et al (1995), we demonstrated the practicality and utility of interwell measurements on an oil field scale, at Devine, TX and at Lost Hills, CA. On a smaller scale, we cmried out a demonstration of interwell and surface to borehole EM tomography with controlled experiments at the University of California Richmond Field Station. Since virtually all oil wells are cased in steel, it is natural that our studies on interwell electromagnetic measurements be extended to situations where at least one well is cased in steel. Results of previous theoretical work and numerical calculations by Augustin et al (1989), Uchida et al. (1991) and Wu and Habashy (1994) all pointed to the possibility of extracting a formation signal from electromagnetic measurements through casing. In particular, the Augustin results showed that the casing acts as a strong low pass filter. The Wu paper demonstrated further that the signal attenuation process in the casing resembles the attenuation of a plane wave in a conductive medium where the controlling factor is the ratio of the distance traveled to the skin depth. Neither of these two studies was done for the crosswell configuration and their results needed to be re-examined. Finally we note that while Uchida et al. suggested that interwell EM tomography was feasible they also indicated that the casing attenuation factor was to some degree a function of the position of any external source. This last feature of signal transmission through casing was seen as a possible difficulty in interpreting the filtered signals. In this report, which was circulated to the research sponsors in draft form some time ago, we provide an overview of the signal attenuation process and veri@ the recovery of the original reservoir formation signal from its observable attenuated and phase shifted form. Using numerical calculations we show that useful information can be obtained in an electromagnetic crosswell survey where one of the wells is cased in steel. Our simple model is based on the assumption of an infinitely long uniform casing embedded in a homogeneous full space. Nevertheless the results indicate that if the pipe characteristics are known independently, then the
Mining Deep Semantic Representations for Scene Classification of High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery

Scene classification is one of the most fundamental task in interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing (HRRS) images. Many recent works show that the probabilistic topic models which are capable of mining latent semantics of images can be effectively applied to HRRS scene classification. However, the existing approaches based on topic models simply utilize low-level hand-crafted features to form semantic features, which severely limit the representative capability of the semantic features derived from topic models. To alleviate this problem, this paper propose to build powerful semantic features using the probabilistic latent semantic analysis (pLSA) model, by employing the pre-trained deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as feature extractors rather than relying on the hand-crafted features. Specifically, we develop two methods to generate semantic features, called multi-scale deep semantic representation (MSDS) and multi-level deep semantic representation (MLDS), by extracting CNN features from different layers: (1) in MSDS, the final semantic features are learned by the pLSA with multi-scale features extracted from the convolutional layer of a pre-trained CNN; (2) in MLDS, we extract CNN features for densely sampled image patches at different size level from the fully-connected layer of a pre-trained CNN, and concatenate the sematic features learned by the pLSA at each level. We comprehensively evaluate the two methods on two public HRRS scene datasets, and achieve significant performance improvement over the state-of-the-art. The outstanding results demonstrate that the pLSA model is capable of discovering considerably discriminative semantic features from the deep CNN features.
Wavenumber explicit convergence analysis for finite element discretizations of general wave propagation problems

We analyse the convergence of finite element discretizations of time-harmonic wave propagation problems. We propose a general methodology to derive stability conditions and error estimates that are explicit with respect to the wavenumber $k$. This methodology is formally based on an expansion of the solution in powers of $k$, which permits to split the solution into a regular, but oscillating part, and another component that is rough, but behaves nicely when the wavenumber increases. The method is developed in its full generality and is illustrated by three particular cases: the elastodynamic system, the convected Helmholtz equation and the acoustic Helmholtz equation in homogeneous and heterogeneous media. Numerical experiments are provided, which confirm that the stability conditions and error estimates are sharp.
COLLECTIVE TORUS CONTROL OF MULTI-ROBOT SYSTEMS’∗

Collective circular motion phenomena are common in both natural systems and engineering applications. The theoretical research was intensively conducted recently in [1] to reveal the fundamental control mechanism. The research reported in this paper aims to pave the way from theoretical design to practical implementation by addressing a set of issues encountered in real applications. As a result, a practically effective control algorithm is successfully implemented and examined for a multi-robot system to achieve a desired circular formation.
Pilot application of drone observations and pigment marker detection by HPLC in studies of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in Bulgarian inland waters

This paper describes the first use of aerial observations by a drone as an additional means for choosing sampling points during field studies of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in selected Bulgarian waterbodies and the use of HPLC analysis of marker pigments for the fast determination of phytoplankton composition and biomass. The selection of waterbodies was based on the authors’ personal expertise and data collected over a 25-year period. In all sites chosen by drone, there were high levels of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins were present: microcystins (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR in Durankulak Lake and MC-LR and MC-RR in the Sinyata Reka Reservoir), cylindrospermopsin (in the Vaya Lake and in the Mandra Reservoir) and saxitoxins (in Durankulak Lake). The finding of cylindrospermopsin is the first in Bulgaria, the detection of saxitoxins is the first for Durankulak Lake and the microcystins records are the first for Sinyata Reka Reservoir. Considering the high total number of wetlands in Bulgaria, many of which are lowland, small and shallow and therefore vulnerable to CyanoHABs, we recommend further use of drones and HPLC in monitoring, which should speed up detection and reduce sampling efforts while enabling valuable information to be gathered.
Solute dynamics across the stream‐to‐riparian continuum under different flood waves

To enhance the understanding of solute dynamics within the stream‐to‐riparian continuum during flood event‐driven water fluctuation (i.e., flood wave), a variable saturated groundwater flow and solute transport model were developed and calibrated against in situ measurements of the Inbuk stream, Korea, where seasonal flooding prevails. The solute dynamics were further investigated for flood waves (varying by amplitude [A], duration [T], roundness [r], and skewness [tp]) that were parameterised by real‐time stream stage fluctuations. We found that the solute transferred faster and farther in the riparian zone, especially within the phreatic zone, above which in the variable saturated zone the concentration required a significantly longer time, particularly at higher altitudes, to return to the initial state. By comparison, solute transferred shallowly in the streambed where the solute plume exhibited an exponential growth trend from the centre to the bank. The dynamic changes of solute flux and mass along the stream–aquifer interface and stream concentration were linked to the shape of flood wave. As the flood wave became higher (A↗), wider (T↗), rounder (r↘), and less skewed (tp↗), the maximum solute storage in aquifer increased. Maximum stream concentration (Cstrˍmax) not only presented a positive linear relationship with A or tp but also showed a negative logarithmic trend with increasing T or r. The sensitivity of Cstr_max to A was approximately two times that of tp, and between these values, the r was slightly more sensitive than T. Cstrˍmax linearly increased as hydraulic conductivity increased and logarithmically increased as longitudinal dispersivity increased. The former relationship was more sensitive than the latter.
Advanced FD-SOI and Beyond Low Temperature SmartCut™ Enables High Density 3-D SoC Applications

Beyond 65FD-SOI, 28FD-SOI, and 22FD-SOI production granted technologies, SmartCut™ development supports both advanced FD-SOI and low temperature SOI roadmaps. Ultrathin SOI and BOX materials developments are reported, including 4-nm SOI and 15-nm BOX layers, with performances close to production-grade (SOI layer thickness variation at wafer and device scale, SOI layer defect density). To support 3-D sequential integration, layer transfer at low temperature (below 500 °C) with SmartCut is demonstrated, on the path to a cost effective option. Best in class—equivalent to Epi bulk—SOI layers thickness variability at device scale is demonstrated. Excellent SOI and BOX layers thickness uniformities at wafer level are also highlighted while layer integrity from surface to crystalline defect density point of view are already compliant with development grade requirements.