Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential mechanisms of radiosensitization by 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the monolayers and multicellular spheroids of a human glioma cell line

In vitro studies using monolayer cultures of human tumor cell lines have shown that 2-DG selectively inhibits energy-dependent DNA repair and cellular recovery processes in cancer cells. However, monolayer cultures differ greatly from the complex environmental conditions generated in solid tumors that develop inhomogeneous hypoxic and necrotic regions. In contrast, multicellular spheroids mimic heterogeneous cellular behavior and the consequent functional characteristics of in vivo solid tumors, and serve as important in vitro model to investigate tumor biology and responses to potential therapeutic agents. The present study compares the radiomodification by 2-DG in monolayer cultures and spheroids of a human glioma cell line (BMG-1) to gain insight into the effects in solid tumors. In spheroids, the glucose consumption (2.1 p mole/cell/h) and lactate production (3.67 p mole/cell/h) was nearly 2-3 fold higher than in monolayer cells (0.83 & 1.43 p mole/cell/h respectively). Presence of 2-DG (5 mM) for 2-4 h inhibited the glucose usage and lactate production by 70 % in spheroids, while a 35 % reduction was observed in monolayer cells. Under these conditions, 2-DG drastically enhanced the radiation-induced cell death of spheroids (by 2-3 folds); while a 40% increase was observed in monolayer cells. Radiosensitization by 2-DG in monolayer cells was primarily due to an increase in mitotic death (23%) linked to cytogenetic damage (micronuclei), whereas a profound induction of apoptosis (40%) accounted for the sensitization in spheroids. Although the Bcl-2 and Bax levels were significantly higher in spheroids, Bcl-2/Bax ratio was similar in monolayers and spheroids. Comet assay revealed a late onset of DNA breaks in the presence of 2- DG following irradiation only in spheroids, which corroborated well with the late onset of oxidative stress. 2- DG did not induce a significant cell cycle delay in monolayers, while a transient G2 delay was apparent in spheroids.
8 INNOVATION THEORIES IN RETROSPECT The Case of Electronic Commerce Adoption in Small Business in New Zealand

: A review of the technological innovation adoption literature on small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) provides useful insights into factors influencing innovation adoption but points to the need to introduce more determinants of innovation adoption to SMEs research. This research is interested in identifying 'these factors and hence. introducing more potential determinants to electronic commerce (EC) adoption research in SMEs. Therefore. this research attempts to extend the technological innovation theories to EC adoption research in SMEs by identifying potential constructs and factors from these theories and then checking their face validity using three case studies in New Zealand. This research endeavours to shortlist and discuss the most important determinants of EC adoption and to eliminate the least relevant ones.
Comparative Seed Dispersal Effectiveness of Sympatric Alouatta guariba and Brachyteles arachnoides in Southeastern Brazil 1

I compared the effectiveness of sympatric brown howlers (Alouatta guariba) and muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) as seed dispersers in terms of quantitative and qualitative attributes. I hypothesized that differences in feeding and behavioral patterns between these large‐bodied folivorous/frugivorous primates would lead to dissimilarities in their effectiveness as endozoochoric seed dispersal agents. The study was carried out in a semideciduous forest fragment of Fazenda Barreiro Rico, southeastern Brazil. Through behavioral sampling of frugivory and defecation events as well as analyses of fecal samples, I determined that A. guariba dispersed fewer species and produced a lower proportion of dung with intact seeds than B. arachnoides. There was no difference between the number of seeds in fecal samples of A. guariba and B. arachnoides. These primates affected to a similar degree both germination percentage and latency to germination of seeds they ingested or removed the pulp from. Howlers and muriquis were also similar in carrying seeds away from the parent trees. Contrary to muriquis, howlers defecated seeds under the canopy of conspecific lianas, where seeds are expected to suffer high mortality rates, and voided seeds predominantly in a clumped pattern. B. arachnoides was a more effective seed disperser when compared to A. guariba in some attributes evaluated, but not in others. Given the interspecific variation in recruitment patterns of tropical plants and the loss of frugivorous bird species at the study site, the differences between howlers and muriquis in their abilities as seed dispersers may crucially influence the composition and maintenance of seedling diversity.
Development of Scales to Measure Perceived Control of Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes‐related Health Beliefs

A series of scales was designed to measure perceived control of diabetes and diabetes‐related health beliefs with a view to predicting treatment preferences and individual differences in response to the treatments. Scale development is described and the psychometric properties examined with responses from 286 insulin requiring adult diabetic patients. Patients were significantly more likely (p < 0.001) to attribute responsibility for their diabetes control to themselves rather than to their medical advisors or to other factors.
Managing the Care of Patients Discharged From Home Health: A Quiet Threat to Patient Safety?

Threats to patient safety can originate from the overuse or underuse of care, in addition to provider-initiated errors. The past decade has seen a dramatic decrease in the duration and volume of home health services provided per patient by Medicare-certified home health agencies (HHAs). Research findings have been mixed with respect to the impact of home health utilization on patient safety and outcomes. This study aimed to explore a related yet fundamental question: How confident are home health nurses that their patients can manage their care when discharged from home health services?
Prevalence of premilitary adult sexual victimization and aggression in a Navy recruit sample.

U.S. Navy recruits (n = 3,776) were surveyed for premilitary histories of adult sexual assault. They completed a survey designed to estimate rates for experiences as victims (women) and perpetrators (men) of attempted and completed rape since the age of 14. The results show that 45.5% of the women reported being the victim of attempted (9.4%) or completed rape (36.1%) before entering the Navy. Male recruits' self-reports indicated that 14.8% admitted perpetrating attempted (3.5%) or completed rape (11.3%) before entering the Navy. A high percentage of recruits in this study reported histories of sexual assault. Female victims of sexual assault are at high risk of incurring somatic and/or psychological problems that require treatment by health care professionals. Male perpetrators of sexual assault are at high risk of repeating their behavior. The results of this study suggest that it may be cost-effective to develop treatment education, and prevention programs for military recruits.
Kell Expression on Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Kell is one of the major human red blood cell groups and comprises 22 antigens. These antigens are produced by alleles located on chromosome 7, including sets of antithetical antigens such as Kell (K, K1) and cellano (k, K2), which differ in a single amino acid change (T193M). It consists of a 93-Kd transmembrane glycoprotein that is surface-exposed and shares sequence and structural homology with zinc endopeptidases, which are involved in regulating bioactive peptides. Anti-Kell antibodies have been shown to suppress fetal erythropoiesis. Recently published data indicate a similar effect on myeolopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. Substantial thrombocytopenia in fetuses affected with HDN due to anti-K antibodies led to the discovery of the inhibitory effect of Kell-related antibodies on CFU-MK growth. In addition to its inhibitory effect on BFU-E growth, anti-Kell antibodies significantly reduced CFU-GM colony formation from haematologically normal individuals. Moreover, anti-cellano and anti-Kp b antibodies also inhibited the growth of CFU-GM from antigen positive MNC. These data indicate that Kell is not restricted to erythroid blood cells, but is expressed on a broader spectrum of haematopoietic cells than previously believed.
Efficacy of Guided Imagery With Theta Music for Advanced Cancer Patients With Dyspnea: A Pilot Study

Background: Dyspnea is a frequent and devastating symptom among advanced cancer patients for which improved and low-cost palliative techniques are needed. Methods: A one-group repeated measures research design investigated the efficacy of guided imagery (GI) with theta music (θM) on dyspnea in advanced cancer patients. The intervention consisted of four periods: (a) pretest; (b) intervention with peaceful non-θM; (c) intervention with 10 min of GI with θM (GI/θM), with the first and last 3 min being θM only (i.e., the middle 4 min was GI/θM); and (d) posttest. Dyspnea outcome was measured with the Modified Borg Scale (MBS) for self-reported evaluation of dyspneic symptoms. Physiological parameters measured were pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal CO 2 (EtCO2), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR). Posttest qualitative data were obtained via interview for subjective patient experience. Results: Participants included 53 patients, 33% with lung cancer. GI/θM produced a significant decrease in MBS scores; 90% of the subjects gave positive qualitative reviews of GI/θM. SpO2 did not change significantly over time. GI/θM significantly increased EtCO2, decreased RR, and decreased HR. Discussion: This study demonstrates that GI/θM is a useful intervention for palliative care of patients with dyspnea. θM alone was demonstrated to be effective, while soothing non-θM was not effective. GI/θM was more effective than θM alone. GI/θM should be considered low-cost end-of-life palliative care for dyspnea.
Preoperative and Intraoperative Predictors of Cardiac Adverse Events after General, Vascular, and Urological Surgery

Background:The authors sought to determine the incidence and risk factors for perioperative cardiac adverse events (CAEs) after noncardiac surgery using detailed preoperative and intraoperative hemodynamic data. Methods:The authors conducted a prospective observational study at a single university hospital from 2002 to 2006. All American College of Surgeons–National Surgical Quality Improvement Program patients undergoing general, vascular, and urological surgery were included. The CAE outcome definition included cardiac arrest, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, Q-wave myocardial infarction, and new clinically significant cardiac dysrhythmia within the first 30 postoperative days. Results:Four years of data demonstrated that of 7,740 noncardiac operations, 83 patients (1.1%) experienced a CAE within 30 days. Nine independent predictors were identified (P ≤ 0.05): age ≥ 68, body mass index ≥ 30, emergent surgery, previous coronary intervention or cardiac surgery, active congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, operative duration ≥ 3.8 h, and the administration of 1 or more units of packed red blood cells intraoperatively. The c-statistic of this model was 0.81 ± 0.02. Univariate analysis demonstrated that high-risk patients experiencing a CAE were more likely to experience an episode of mean arterial pressure < 50 mmHg (6% vs. 24%, P = 0.02), experience an episode of 40% decrease in mean arterial pressure (26% vs. 53%, P = 0.01), and an episode of heart rate > 100 (22% vs. 34%, P = 0.05). Conclusions:In comparison with current risk stratification indices, the inclusion of intraoperative elements improves the ability to predict a perioperative CAE after noncardiac surgery.
User-generated service : a user-centered design approach in web mashups through social experience. (Services générés par l'utilisateur : une approche centrée sur l'utilisateur, de conception de mashups web à travers l'expérience sociale)

Web 2.0 is envisioned as an open garden for services and it puts people into the centre of the vision. The success of the user generated content raises the new idea of enabling end-users to create their own services. The first contribution of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive survey of the state–of-the-art development in this area. We give the specific description of UGS, and then go through different technologies to analyze their challenges. Our second contribution lies in designing and implementing a simple mashup platform which provides the greater motivation for mashups usage. We present a consumer mashup framework based on daily activities, by relating every-day calendar events to useful gadgets. The system, named EBSP, was evaluated by 131 end-users to test for its usability. Also, as a representative example, the system is used in a proposed user-acceptance model for consumer mashups. Our third contribution focuses on the problem of using social annotation to support web widget discovery. An enhanced web gadget discovery model is proposed based on social tagging. Using the online service Widgetbox.com, we demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our proposed model. Fourthly, we designed a novel system for activity-oriented online social networking named Dig-Event. Dig-Event provides an open, social space for users to share events and discover the activities of mutual interests among social contacts. It allows users to share their activities, to customize their social circles, to conduct events, and to socialize around them. The features of event recommendation and integration with existing social networks further boost the event socializing experience
Calcaneal Scoring as an Adjunct to Modified Oxford Hip Scores: Prediction of Contralateral Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Background: In 2 recent studies, modified Oxford hip scores of 16 through 18 have been shown to predict an extremely high risk of contralateral slipping in unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). However, the modified Oxford system is not widely used. This may be due, in part, to the complexity of the scoring system, difficulty in viewing all 5 radiographic features on a single x-ray and phenotypic variation in the features. Ossification of the calcaneal apophysis provides an osteologic marker of skeletal maturation in relation to peak height velocity and has been described previously. We examine the value of the calcaneal apophyseal ossification sequence for predicting modified Oxford hip scores. Methods: We examined 279 pelvis and matching foot x-rays that were taken at the same session from 94 healthy children aged 3 to 18 years. A fellowship-trained pediatric orthopaedist determined the modified Oxford hip score for each hip radiograph. The calcaneal x-rays had been previously graded. Modified Oxford hip scores were compared with calcaneal scores for each set of matched hip and calcaneal x-rays. Results: Stage 0 to 2 calcanei had 94% of corresponding hip radiographs rated as modified Oxford scores of 16 to 18. Stage 3 calcanei had 54% rated as 16 to 18 and 31% rated as scores 19 to 21. Stage 4 calcanei had 31% rated as scores 19 to 21, and 68% rated as scores 22 to 26. Stage 5 calcanei had 100% rated as 22 to 26. Using data from Popejoy and colleagues’ study, the weighted risk of contralateral SCFE was 94% for calcaneal stage 0, 86.5% for calcaneal stage 1, 90.3% for calcaneal stage 2, 55.8% for calcaneal stage 3, 6.1% for calcaneal stage 4, and 0 for calcaneal stage 5. Conclusions: Calcaneal stages 0 to 3 correspond entirely to modified Oxford scores indicating elevated risk of contralateral SCFE. The calcaneal scoring system has potential for adjunctive use with the modified Oxford score for prediction of contralateral SCFE. Level of Evidence: Level II—diagnostic.
Shell gland and egg-shell formation in Fasciola hepatica L.

1. The shell gland of Fasciola hepatica produces an extremely hyaline secretion. The egg-shell is formed from the hyaline secretion. 2. As the eggs travel through the uterus, the shell is temporarily reinforced from the inside by vitelline granules. The vitelline granules are released when the vitelline cells enter the vitelline reservoir. 3. Views regarding the nomenclature of the shell gland are discussed. 4. The presence of an elliptical chamber in the shell gland is described. In this chamber, oocytes, vitelline granules and vitelline cells are mixed together, and here the secretion of the shell gland is released and the egg-shell is formed. 5. The arrangement of the cellular constituents within the egg is effected by the elliptical chamber.
Multiple Sclerosis after Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy and Influenza Vaccination

Introduction The safety of influenza vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been confirmed by several clinical and MRI studies [1–3]. In addition, the frequency of autoreactive T cells against myelin protein did not increase in patients with MS after influenza vaccination [4]. However, caution has been advised for patients with high disease activity [5]. We describe a patient who developed MS after influenza vaccine was given in association with ongoing allergen-specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis.
Molecular biology of borna disease virus: prototype of a new group of animal viruses

Borna disease virus (BDV), the etiological agent of Borna disease (BD), causes a central nervous system disease that is manifested by profound behavioral abnormalities, accumulation of disease-specific antigens in limbic system neurons, and often, but not always, the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrates in the brain (35, 36, 47). BDV has been characterized recently as a nonsegmented, negative-stranded (NNS) RNA virus with the property, unique among NNS RNA animal viruses, of a nuclear site for replication and transcription of its genome, suggesting that BDV is the prototype of a new group of animal RNA viruses. Originally described in the early 19th century in horses in Germany, BD has become an important model for the study of both the mechanisms and the biological consequences of persistent virus infection of the central nervous system (35). Naturally occurring infections with BDV have been confirmed
Screening for celiac disease in the general population and in high-risk groups

Background Celiac disease (CD) occurs in approximately 1% of the Western population. It is a lifelong disorder that is associated with impaired quality of life (QOL) and an excessive risk of comorbidity and death. Objectives To review the literature on screening for CD in relation to the current World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for mass screening. Methods We performed a PubMed search to identify indexed papers on CD screening with a publication date from 1900 until 1 June 2014. When we deemed an abstract relevant, we read the corresponding paper in detail. Results CD fulfills several WHO criteria for mass screening (high prevalence, available treatment and difficult clinical detection), but it has not yet been established that treatment of asymptomatic CD may reduce the excessive risk of severe complications, leading to higher QOL nor that it is cost-effective. Conclusions Current evidence is not sufficient to support mass screening for CD, but active case-finding may be appropriate, as we recognize that most patients with CD will still be missed by this strategy. Although proof of benefit is still lacking, screening for CD may be appropriate in high-risk groups.
Interference By Venlafaxine Ingestion in the Detection of Tramadol By Liquid Chromatography Linked to Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Screening of Illicit Drugs in Human Urine

Confirmation of the presence of illicit drugs in human fluids by liquid chromatography linked to atmospheric pressure ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) is becoming increasingly popular. A rapid LC/MS/MS method is described using reversed phase gradient elution chromatography on a 50 × 3 mm base deactivated C8 column with identification of drugs based on their Multiple Reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions, retention time, and co-elution of stable isotopic analogues where available. The method is used for drug confirmation following initial screening by immunoassay, and identification of drugs such as tramadol, for which no immunoassay is available. False positive results for tramadol were observed in cases where subjects were being treated with the commonly prescribed antidepressant drug venlafaxine. This was a result of the presence of the metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine, which has a similar transition to tramadol. This study highlights the need to consider drug metabolites, as well as parent drugs in interferences in LC/MS/MS methods.
An exploratory study on factors affecting the adoption of cloud computing by information professionals

– The purpose of this study explores what factors may influence information professionals to adopt new technologies, such as cloud computing in their organizations. The objectives of this study are as follows: to what extent does the technology acceptance model (TAM) explain information professionals intentions towards cloud computing, and to what extent do personal characteristics, such as cognitive appraisal and openness to experience, explain information professionals intentions to use cloud computing. , – The research was conducted in Israel during the second semester of the 2013 academic year and encompassed two groups of information professionals: librarians and information specialists. Researchers used seven questionnaires to gather the following data: personal details, computer competence, attitudes to cloud computing, behavioural intention, openness to experience, cognitive appraisal and self-efficacy. , – The current study found that the behavioural intention to use cloud computing was impacted by several of the TAM variables, personal characteristics and computer competence. , – The study expands the scope of research about the TAM by applying it to information professionals and cloud computing and highlights the importance of individual traits, such as cognitive appraisal, personal innovativeness, openness to experience and computer competence when considering technology acceptance. Further, the current study proposes that if directors of information organizations assume that novel technologies may improve their organizations’ functioning, they should be familiar with both the TAM and the issue of individual differences. These factors may help them choose the most appropriate workers.