Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and interannual variation in foraging range and habitat of macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus at South Georgia

In marine ecosystems, characterisation of the foraging areas and habitats of predators is a key factor in interpreting their ecological role, We studied the foraging areas of the macaroni penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus at Bird Island, South Georgia, throughout the breeding seasons of 1999 to 2001 using satellite tracking. We investigated differences in foraging ranges and characteristics between different stages of the breeding season, between sexes, between years and between individuals, During incubation, on foraging trips of 10 to 26 d, both sexes travelled long distances from Bird Island (male average = 572 km; female average = 376 km) in a north-westerly direction towards the Maurice Ewing bank; some individuals, particularly males, travelled to forage in the Polar Frontal Zone. In contrast, during the chick-rearing period, both sexes mainly foraged relatively close (average 62 km) to South Georgia over the continental shelf. Foraging trip characteristics differed between males and females during chick rearing: females travelled further on average and on more direct trips. During chick rearing, males and females on longer foraging trips covered greater distances and travelled further from Bird Island, There were no interannual differences in characteristics of foraging trips, although sex differences in some parameters varied between years. The bearings of chick-rearing foraging trips were non-random and most were in a north-westerly direction, Variation, both intra- and inter-individual, in bearings of foraging trips was high. Travel speeds were slower during foraging trips in the chick-rearing period than during incubation, probably relating to the differences in distances travelled. The stage of the breeding season, associated constraints on the penguins at different stages, and sex were important in determining variation in foraging range and characteristics in macaroni penguins, but year and individual effects were relatively unimportant.
STRUCTURE AND ECOLOGY OF FOREST PLANT COMMUNITY IN TOGO

FOLEGA F, ZHANG CY, WOEGAN YA, WALA K, DOURMA M, BATAWILA K, SEBURANGA JL, ZHAO XH & AKPAGANA K. 2014. Structure and ecology of forest plant community in Togo. Vegetation was sampled in 86 plots of riparian forest and dry forests of northern Togo. The recorded data were subjected to floristic and quantitative ecological analyses in order to describe the main woody plant communities and their size structure. The plant groupings were determined by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and defined through the indicator value method. Alpha diversity index, and tree species structure features were computed for forest woody plant groupings. Results classified four woody communities. Two of them belonged to riparian forest while the other two, dry forest. A total of 77 plant species consisted of woody species. Pterocarpus santalinoides and Anogeissus leiocarpus were the most important species based on their indicator values. The diversity indices of P. santalinoides, Eugenia kerstingii and A. leiocarpus and Vitellaria paradoxa plant communities were significant and indicated a wide distribution of species in the area, while their structural features reflected those of forests characteristic of the Sudanian climatic zones. In general, the natural regeneration rate among the plant groupings was satisfactory and quiet similar to those found in previous works in this region.
The late Pleistocene hutias (Geocapromys brownii) of Red Hills Fissure, Jamaica

Red Hills Fissure (RHF) is an in‐filled, karstic solutional feature exposed by a roadcut in southern Jamaica. The site was discovered in 1988 and immediately recognized as an unusually rich source of late Quaternary gastropods and vertebrate bone dating from the late Pleistocene. Recent work on RHF has focused on the abundant remains of the endemic, mid‐sized rodent Geocapromys brownii. Morphological data on a collection of hemi‐mandibles has facilitated the construction of a life table for the species in the late Pleistocene: the first for any West Indian Pleistocene vertebrate. Studies of fluorine uptake in the fossil bone have also defined the time‐span of the RHF deposit, approximately 25–40 kyr BP. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do Preferential Trade Policies (Actually) Increase Exports? An analysis of EU trade policies

Trade preferences have been used by the European Union and most developing countries can export with preferential market access under different schemes. We study the trade impact of these policies using highly disaggregated 8-digit data in a theoretically grounded gravity model framework. We provide an explicit measure of preferential tariff margins, using alternative definitions based on a comparison between bilateral applied tariffs and two different reference points: the MFN duty or a CES price aggregator. From a policy perspective, preferential schemes have a significant impact on volumes of trade, although with significant differences across sectors. From the methodological point of view, our results show that the definition of the margin has a significant impact on the assessment of the policy impact.
Improving Work Flow Reliability through Quality Control Mechanisms

Lean construction relies on the distinction between value adding and non-value adding activities, and reducing work-flow variability is one technique for reducing non-value adding activities. Planning controls such as the 'last planner' can go a long way in improving work flow reliability, but are limited in their capability to the extent they can expect the unexpected. The occurrence of specific defects in construction is, by the very fact of its happening, an unexpected event because whatever could be anticipated would be avoided. On the other hand, defects in construction have the compound effect of increasing work flow variability, as well as non-value adding activities in the form of rework. This paper explores two aspects of this problem, first of all a number of different tools were developed and trialed to explore their potential for improving defect avoidance, secondly the paper presents a generic analysis of the increase in rectification cost with time from an error being made. The paper outlines the implementation of trade start-up checklists; a management tool that was found to be particularly effective at improving quality outcomes on site.
The effect of writing strategy instruction on ESL intermediate proficiency learners’ writing performance

The use of effective writing strategies has been shown to assist learners, especially ESL or EFL learners, in their writing skills. However, many learners and teachers are still unaware of the various writing strategies that can facilitate students’ writing. Thus, this study examined the effect of writing strategy instruction on ESL learners’ writing performance. The participants of the study were 36 intermediate proficiency level ESL students from two intact classes. One class was randomly assigned to the instruction group and the other to the control group. During an eight-week treatment period, the instruction group was exposed to the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) approach focusing on metacognitive and cognitive writing strategies. The results of the study show that the strategy instruction group had outperformed the control group with a statistically significant increase in scores from pretest to posttest (M = 41.11, SD = 6.80, t (17) = -14.66, p<. 000 two-way analysis). An important implication of this study is that the explicit instruction of writing strategies has a positive effect on ESL students’ writing performance and thus should be made an essential part of ESL writing pedagogy.
Signature of plasmon excitations in the stopping ratio of fast hydrogen clusters

In the present work, we have explored the interference effects which arise when H2 + and H3 + cluster ions interact with a thin layer of SiO2 in order to obtain a clear signature of plasmon excitations induced by these energetic projectiles. For this purpose, high-energy-resolution experiments were carried out as a function of the incoming projectile energy, covering an energy range between 40 and 200 keV /amu. The ratio Rn between the energy loss of the cluster and the sum of the energy loss of its constituents has a steep increase between 70 and 100 keV /amu for both cluster ions, which is associated with the plasmon excitation threshold.
Early and late preferences in relative clause attachment in Spanish and Portuguese

This study presents new data about the cross-language application of the Late Closure principle (Frazier, 1978), whose universality was put in question by data from Spanish (Cuetos & Mitchell, 1988). Using sentences containing a restrictive relative clause unambiguously modifying the first or the second noun of a complex NP (os cúmplices do ladrão/o cúmplice dos ladrões que fugiram), this study compares the behavior of Brazilian and European Portuguese speakers participating in a self-paced reading task. The data confirm that, in early phases of processing, attachment preferences are driven by a locality principle such as Late Closure. Based on a review of studies on Portuguese, Spanish and other Romance languages, we argue that the highversus low-attachment difference across languages emerges cleanly only in off-line tasks, such as questionnaire studies, thus limiting the types of explanations for the crosslinguistic differences. We also advance an explanation for the high attachment preferences found in unspeeded questionnaire studies based on the Implicit Prosody Hypothesis (Fodor, 1998a, 2002).
Effect of Endogenous Retroviral Elements (ALVE) on Egg Size in Commercial Egg production lines

A.S. Mason1, A.Wolc2,3, J. Arango2, P. Settar2, A.R. Lund2, D.W. Burt4, & *J.E. Fulton2 1The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK 2Hy-Line International, PO Box 310, Dallas Center IA 50063 USA jfulton@hyline.com (Corresponding Author) 3Dept. of Animal Science, 1221 Kildee Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3150, USA 4University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
S,s Pricing in a General Equilibrium Model With Heterogeneous Sectors

We study the impact of two-sided nominal shocks in a simple dynamic, general equilibrium (S,s)-pricing macroeconomic model comprised of heterogeneous sectors. The simple model we develop has a number of appealing empirical implications; it captures why some sectors of the economy have systematically more flexible prices, the smooth dynamics of aggregate output following a monetary shock, and a degree of price asynchronization. Incorporating multiple sectors is central to arriving at these three results.
Calibrating the bulk rheology of active obliquely convergent thrust belts and forearc wedges from surface profiles and velocity distributions

The geometrical profiles and surface velocity distributions in active forearc wedges depend on the bulk rheology and the surface tractions. Analytical and numerical solutions of the force balance and corner flow circulation equations indicate that the mechanical parameters should, in principle, all be directly determinable from the observational variables. The analysis suggests the following preliminary conclusions. (1) The surface profiles of forearc wedges are consistent with either a bulk plastic rheology or a viscous rheology with a transition to plastic or Coulomb behavior in the upper few kilometers. (2) Corner flow circulation in the absence of accretion is diagnostic of wedges with a bulk viscous rheology. The surface strike‐normal velocity and the surface profile both depend on the bulk viscosity and the viscous coupling at the base, allowing these mechanical variables to be determined: current estimates of this velocity in some wedges suggest the bulk viscosity is not less than 3×1019 Pa s. (3) Obliquely converging nonaccreting plastic and Coulomb wedges show no distributed strike‐parallel shear. If the obliquity is above a critical angle, the wedge is separated from the upper plate by a strike‐slip fault, defining a forearc sliver. The critical angle of obliquity, the velocity of the forearc sliver, and the wedge geometry allow the boundary tractions to be determined. In obliquely convergent viscous wedges the strike‐parallel velocity is distributed throughout the wedge, decaying exponentially from the rear to the front. Its value at the rear and the length scale for the decay allow the bulk viscosity and the coupling at the rear to be determined. Slip vectors in some forearc wedges and thrust belts suggest complete partitioning of the strike‐parallel component of motion, characteristic of a bulk viscous rheology. Others show partitioning above a limiting angle of obliquity, suggesting bulk plastic behavior. There are no documented cases of active margins where there is an absence of partitioning for obliquity ∼45°, which appears to rule out Coulomb behavior as a general description for the bulk rheology of forearc wedges.
Upper ocean heat and salt balances in response to a westerly wind burst in the western equatorial Pacific during TOGA COARE

Two volume control methods are used to analyze the upper ocean heat and salt balances in response to a westerly wind burst event in the western equatorial Pacific during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. One method uses a fixed-thickness surface layer, and the other uses an isopycnal depth as the lower boundary. Horizontal advection terms in the budget calculations are estimated using the R/V Wecoma repeat hydrographic survey data within a 133 km x 133 km region. In both methods, the upper ocean heat budget is balanced within 10 W m(-2) of the surface air-sea flux observations during a 19-day time period, which covers the December 1992 westerly wind burst and a low-wind recovery period in early January 1993. The standard error in the estimation of heat advection is 11 W m(-2). The salt budget yields a rain rate estimate of 15.4 mm d(-1) with an error bar of 4 mm d(-1). This estimate is within 20% of the optical rain gauge measurements. The advection terms are important in both the heat and salt balances. Meridional advection dominates over zonal and vertical advection, acting to decrease temperature and increase salinity in the surface layer. From the isopycnal boundary method, the diapycnal turbulent flux transports a mean heat flux of 17 W m(-2) into the thermocline. Diapycnal advection is almost equally important, so that the total heat flux into the thermocline is estimated to be more than 30 W m(-2) during the study time period. Both terms are also important in the salt budget.
The EU’s New Economic Geography after the Eastern Enlargement

Using a centre-two periphery new economic geography model we study the location and real wage effects of the EU’s Eastern enlargement on current and future EU member countries under pure trade integration and with migration of skilled labour. The quality of final and intermediate products differs across countries according to their effective endowments of human capital engaged in R&D. Allowing for migration prevents the relocation of firms into the integrating periphery. Moreover, the location of firms differs according to the sectors’ skill and R&D intensity, low skill and low R&D firms tending to locate in the Eastern and Southern peripheries.
HST/WFC3 OBSERVATIONS OF AN OFF-NUCLEAR SUPERBUBBLE IN ARP 220

We present a high spatial resolution optical and infrared study of the circumnuclear region in Arp 220, a late-stage galaxy merger. Narrowband imaging using Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 has resolved the previously observed peak in Hα+[N ii] emission into a bubble-shaped feature. This feature measures 1. ″6 in diameter, or 600 pc, and is only 1″ northwest of the western nucleus. The bubble is aligned with the western nucleus and the large-scale outflow axis seen in X-rays. We explore several possibilities for the bubble origin, including a jet or outflow from a hidden active galactic nucleus (AGN), outflows from high levels of star formation within the few hundred pc nuclear gas disk, or an ultraluminous X-ray source. An obscured AGN or high levels of star formation within the inner ∼100 pc of the nuclei are favored based on the alignment of the bubble and energetics arguments.
The wage penalty for motherhood: Evidence on discrimination from panel data and a survey experiment for Switzerland

Background: Survey-based research finds a sizeable unexplained wage gap between mothers and nonmothers in affluent countries. The source of this wage gap is unclear: It can stem either from the unobserved effects of motherhood on productivity or from employer discrimination against mothers. Objective: This paper opens the black box of the motherhood wage gap by directly measuring discrimination in Switzerland based on two complementary methods. Methods: We first use two longitudinal population surveys to establish the size of the wage residual for motherhood. We then run a factorial survey experiment among HR managers (N=714) whom we asked to assign a starting wage to the resumes of fictitious job candidates. Results: The population surveys show an unexplained wage penalty per child of 4% to 8%. The factorial survey experiment shows that recruiters assign wages to mothers that are 2% to 3% below those of nonmothers. The wage penalty is larger for younger mothers, 6% for ages 40 and less, but disappears for older mothers or mothers in a blue-collar occupation. Conclusions: The motherhood wage gap found in panel studies cannot be reduced to unobserved dimensions of work productivity. The experimental evidence shows that recruiters discriminate against mothers. Contribution: Our paper’s novelty is to uncover wage discrimination against mothers by combining two different methods. Our national panel surveys mirror the supply side of the labor market and provide us with strong external validity. The factorial survey experiment on recruiters informs on the demand side of the labor market and shows a causal effect.
EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF VEGETABLE AND PETROLEUM BASE OILS IN METALWORKING FLUIDS USING THE TAPPING TORQUE TEST

Traditional metalworking fluid (MWF) formulations have been associated with a number of environmental and health concerns that have driven recent efforts to develop new formulations based on alternative vegetable and ester based feed stocks. This study uses the tapping torque test to compare the performance of five base oil feedstocks for MWFs: naphthenic mineral oil, a 50/50 blend of naphthenic and paraffinic mineral oil, soybean oil, canola oil (75% oleic content), and a TMP Ester. The five oils were tested as straight oils, and as soluble oil and semi-synthetic MWFs, to understand the impacts of emulsification on base oil performance. Machining performance was evaluated using a modification to the standard tapping torque test (ASTM D 5619) previously established by the authors. Over 500 tapping torque experiments are represented in this research. The results indicate that as straight oils all vegetable based stocks perform significantly better than the mineral oils. This trend holds, although is much less pronounced, after the vegetable stocks are emulsified into soluble oil and semi-synthetic MWFs. The results also indicate that some vegetable oil base stocks have a higher potential for lubricity than others, with data revealing that the soy and TMP ester provide improved tapping torque efficiency relative to canola oil in emulsified MWFs.
Language and Learning in Multilingual Classrooms: A Practical Approach

Introduction Section I: Getting Started 1. The New Arrival 2. First Contact and Beyond Section II: Planning: A Whole-School Approach 3. Linguistic and Academic Support for Newcomers and L2Ls 4. Differentiated Instruction and Assessment for Newcomers and L2Ls 5. Planning Ahead Section III: In the Classroom 6. An Inclusive Learning Environment 7. Making Space for Community Languages 8. Oral Language in Every Classroom 9. Reading and Writing in Every Classroom 10. Vocabulary Instruction in Every Classroom
Proof of the Gelfand-Kirillov conjecture for solvable Lie algebras

Let g be a solvable algebraic Lie algebra over the complex numbers C. It is shown that the quotient field of the enveloping algebra of g is isomorphic to one of the standard fields Dn A, being defined as the quotient field of the.Weyl algebra of degree n over C extended by k indeterminates. This proves the Gelfand-Kirillov conjecture for g solvable.
Determinants of Net Capital Expenditure Cash Outflows: Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Sector of Bangladesh

This study attempts to identify the key determinants of net capital expenditure outflows for a panel of 14 listed pharmaceutical companies. The study has used data from 2003-2015 for each company. The study finds that previous year net capital expenditure outflows, the age of the company, size of the company, leverage of the company, business risk of the company, and independent directors on the board of directors’ panel are the key determinants of net capital expenditure outflows. The study uses Panel GMM approach along with Fixed Effect OLS and PCSE OLS. Age of the company, size of the company, and percentage of independent directors have a significant positive impact on net capital expenditure outflows unlike business risk and leverage of the company. Keywords: Pharmaceutical Sector, Net Capital Expenditure Outflows, Business Risk JEL Classification: C33, E22, L65
Ecology and Conservation of the Golden Langur, Trachypithecus geei, in Assam, India

Abstract The aim of this study was to understand plasticity and resilience in the behavioral ecology of one of India's most endangered primates, the golden langur (Trachypithecus geei) inhabiting forest reserves in Assam. Our survey revealed that golden langur populations in Assam are isolated; restricted to just pockets of suitable habitat. Their forests face severe human pressure mainly due to illegal logging, hunting, and widespread invasion for both commercial interests and by displaced refugees. An extensive survey using a stratified random walk transect method estimated a total population of 943 individuals living in 96 groups. About 40% of the langurs recorded were immature and the average group size was 9.8. Adult sex ratio was 1.5 to 5.0 adult female for each adult male. Four groups inhabiting forests with varying degree of disturbance were monitored using focal animal sampling for 1,728 hours during 12 months. Records on activity budgets, food and feeding behavior, and reproductive and ecological profiles indicated significant differences between them, attributed to differences in habitat quality. Small groups, isolation, proportionately few infants and juveniles, and habitats of increasingly poor quality are all parameters suggesting further decline in the golden langur population of the region. Conservation initiatives focusing on research, education, and community participation are show considerable success.
A Machine Learning Approach to Modeling Tropical Cyclone Wind Field Uncertainty

AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) risk assessment models and probabilistic forecasting systems rely on large ensembles to simulate the track trajectories, intensities, and spatial distributions of damaging winds from severe events. Given computational constraints associated with the generation of such ensembles, the representation of TC winds is typically based on very simple parametric formulations. Such models strongly underestimate the full range of TC wind field variability and thus do not allow for accurate representation of the risk profile. With this in mind, this study explores the potential of machine learning algorithms as an alternative to current parametric methods. First, a catalog of high-resolution TC wind simulations is assembled for the western North Pacific using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The simulated wind fields are then decomposed via principal component analysis (PCA) and a quantile regression forest model is trained to predict the conditional distributions of the.