Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Life cycle assessment of sewage sludge treatment and its use on land

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Forced periodic expression of G1 cyclins phase-locks the budding yeast cell cycle

Phase-locking (frequency entrainment) of an oscillator, in which a periodic extrinsic signal drives oscillations at a frequency different from the unperturbed frequency, is a useful property for study of oscillator stability and structure. The cell cycle is frequently described as a biochemical oscillator; however, because this oscillator is tied to key biological events such as DNA replication and segregation, and to cell growth (cell mass increase), it is unclear whether phase locking is possible for the cell cycle oscillator. We found that forced periodic expression of the G1 cyclin CLN2 phase locks the cell cycle of budding yeast over a range of extrinsic periods in an exponentially growing monolayer culture. We characterize the behavior of cells in a pedigree using a return map to determine the efficiency of entrainment to the externally controlled pulse. We quantify differences between mothers and daughters and how synchronization of an expanding population differs from synchronization of a single oscillator. Mothers only lock intermittently whereas daughters lock completely and in a different period range than mothers. We can explain quantitative features of phase locking in both cell types with an analytically solvable model based on cell size control and how mass is partitioned between mother and daughter cells. A key prediction of this model is that size control can occur not only in G1, but also later in the cell cycle under the appropriate conditions; this prediction is confirmed in our experimental data. Our results provide quantitative insight into how cell size is integrated with the cell cycle oscillator.
Reconciling supersymmetric grand unification with alpha s(mZ)

We argue that supersymmetric grand unification of gauge couplings is not incompatible with small $\alpha_s$, even without large GUT-scale corrections, if one relaxes a usual universal gaugino mass assumption. A commonly assumed relation $M_2\simeq m_{\rm gluino}/3$ is in gross contradiction with $\alpha_s\approx 0.11$. Instead, small $\alpha_s$ favors $M_2\gg m_{\rm gluino}$. If this is indeed the case our observation casts doubt on another commonly used relation $M_1\simeq 0.5 M_2$ which originates from the same constraint of a common gaugino mass at the GUT scale. One firm prediction emerging within the small $\alpha_s$ scenario with the unconstrained gaugino masses is the existence of a relatively light gluino below $\sim$ 200\gev.
Yolk-shell type nanoprobe with excellent fluorescence ‘blinking’ behavior for optical super resolution imaging

A new yolk-shell type nanoprobe for super-resolution imaging is demonstrated. Using the proposed nanoprobe and single molecule localization based super resolution imaging strategy, intracellular nanoparticle tracking and super-resolution imaging are realized. The localization precision is about 50 nm and single-molecule localization microscopy using the proposed nanoprobe requires only one single excitation laser and no specific imaging buffer.
Internally coded multicarrier frequency-hopping CDMA communication system and its performance analysis

A new internally coded scheme that combines frequency hopping (FH) and multicarrier (MC) code division multiple access (CDMA) techniques using a super-orthogonal encoder is proposed. In this method, the total bandwidth is partitioned into Ns 2 disjoint bands and each band is also segmented into Ns 1 subbands. On the basis of a super-orthogonal encoder output and a pseudorandom sequence, one of the Ns 1 bands is selected. The data bit is then transmitted in the band in the form of the multicarrier FH (MC-FH) CDMA scheme, that is, Ns 2 carriers are transmitted in the Ns 2 subbands of the selected band. At the receiver, both hard and soft detectors are used. The performance of the proposed method in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels is evaluated. The results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the previously presented uncoded and coded MC-FH-CDMA systems, where the data are transmitted over the whole bandwidth, keeping the same bandwidth (spectral efficiency). Further, in the new method, the carriers hop in part of the total bandwidth, and hence coherent detection is more feasible.
Quantum statistical mechanics in a closed system.

A closed quantum-mechanical system with a large number of degrees of freedom does not necessarily give time averages in agreement with the microcanonical distribution. For systems where the different degrees of freedom are uncoupled, situations are discussed that show a violation of the usual statistical-mechanical rules. By adding a finite but very small perturbation in the form of a random matrix, it is shown that the results of quantum statistical mechanics are recovered. Expectation values in energy eigenstates for this perturbed system are also discussed, and deviations from the microcanonical result are shown to become exponentially small in the number of degrees of freedom.
Students With Reading and Spelling Disabilities

The present study investigated whether the members of adolescents’ peer groups are similar in reading and spelling disabilities and whether this similarity contributes to subsequent school achievement and educational attainment. The sample consisted of 375 Finnish adolescents whose reading and spelling disabilities were assessed at age 16 with the Finnish dyslexia screening test. The students also completed a sociometric nomination measure that was used to identify their peer groups. Register information on participants’ school grades also was available, and educational attainment in secondary education was recorded 5 years after completion of the 9 years of basic education. The results revealed that the members of adolescent peer groups resembled each other in reading disabilities but not in those of spelling. Reading disabilities and academic achievement shared within the peer group also contributed to educational attainment in secondary education. Finally, reading disabilities played a larger role in educational attainment among males than among females.
Levels of biogenic amines, their metabolites, and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the human epileptic temporal cortex

The levels of serotonin (5‐HT), 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA), dopamine (DA), homovanillic acid (HVA), norepinephrine (NE), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity were measured in the focus (spiking) and nonfocus (nonspking) regions of the temporal neocortex of 20 patients with intractable complex partial seizures. The levels of 5‐HT, DA, 5‐HIAA, and HVA were higher in the focus when compared to the nonfocus. Values for NE and TH activity were not different when focus and nonfocus were compared. The ratios of metabolite to precursor for 5‐HT and DA were not significantly different between the focus and the nonfocus, suggesting that the changes observed were the result of a modification in the synthesis and release of these amines. Such changes in the epileptic focus could be caused by altered transsynaptic regulatory processes, which occur as a result of neuronal loss, gliosis, or neuronal sprouting.
US-guided core breast biopsy: use and cost-effectiveness.

PURPOSE To determine the frequency with which ultrasonographically (US) guided core biopsy obviated diagnostic surgical biopsy of nonpalpable breast masses, to calculate the cost savings of diagnosis attributable to US-guided core biopsy, and to compare the costs of US-guided versus stereotactically guided core biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS US-guided core biopsy was performed in 151 consecutive solitary, nonpalpable breast masses in 151 women (age range, 23-80 years) by using a 14-gauge automated gun and needle. Clinical follow-up data were obtained. Cost savings were assessed by using national Medicare reimbursement costs of +385 for US-guided core biopsy, +610 for stereotactic core biopsy, and +1,332 for needle localization and surgical biopsy. RESULTS US-guided core biopsy obviated a surgical procedure in 128 (85%) of 151 women. The mean adjusted direct cost saving per US-guided core biopsy was +744 per case. Use of US-guided biopsy decreased the cost of diagnosis by 56% (+744/+1,332) over the cost of surgical biopsy. If biopsy had been performed with stereotactic rather than with US guidance, the mean adjusted direct cost saving would have been +519 per case, a 39% (+519/1,332) decrease in the cost of diagnosis compared with the cost of surgical biopsy. CONCLUSION Percutaneous biopsy of a nonpalpable breast mass with either US or stereotactic guidance is less expensive than surgery, but cost savings are greater with US-guided biopsy.
An uncoupling of male and sexual egg production leads to reduced inbreeding in the cyclical parthenogen Daphnia

Cyclical parthenogenesis involves an alternation of parthenogenetic and sexual reproduction. In cyclical parthenogens with a short generation time, seasonal succession of clones switching to sexual reproduction at different periods of the growing season entails the risk of severe inbreeding with associated fitness costs. We show, however, that differences in genotype frequencies between males and sexual females result in a substantial reduction in the probability of selfing in natural Daphnia populations. This suggests that responses to male‐ and sexual egg‐inducing stimuli may be uncoupled at the level of individual clones as a mechanism to avoid severe inbreeding.
Proximal Fourth Metatarsal Injuries in Athletes: Similarity to Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Injury

Proximal fourth metatarsal injuries are rarely reported. We present five case histories in which athletic patients sustained injuries at the shaft-base junction of the fourth metatarsal. Similar to proximal fifth metatarsal injuries, adduction of the forefoot appears to be associated. Our patients returned to their activities in two to eight months. These patients injuries tended to take longer to heal than other lesser metatarsal fractures and stress fractures (which are typically more distal). Some patients were continually symptomatic, even after three months of rest and immobilization. This coincides with proximal fifth metatarsal injuries and stress fractures. For treatment of proximal fourth metatarsal injuries to be successful, ideal treatment appears to involve nonweightbearing below-knee cast/boot immobilization for three weeks. This is followed by an additional three or more weeks of weightbearing immobilization. Healing may still be prolonged.
Gate Bias Dependence of Defect-Mediated Hot-Carrier Degradation in GaN HEMTs

Monte Carlo analysis of hot-electron degradation in AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors shows that, for gate voltages corresponding to semi-ON bias conditions, the average electron energy has a spatial peak with (EAVE) ~ 1.5 eV. The peak is located at the edge of the gate. At this location, the carrier versus energy distribution has a large tail extending over 3 eV. When transferred to the lattice, this energy can cause defect dehydrogenation and device degradation. These results are consistent with the experimental data indicating maximum degradation in the semi-ON bias condition.
10 Gb/s duobinary receiver with a record sensitivity of 88 photons per bit

We demonstrate a novel receiver concept for duobinary signals that allows for data recovery with a sensitivity of -39.5 dBm (88 Photons/bit, BER=1.10/sup -9/, 2/sup 31/ -1 PRBS). Oversampling together with maximum likelihood sampling phase estimation results in superior back-to-back performance without lowering the large chromatic dispersion tolerance of duobinary signaling.
Retrospective Study of Cervical Arthrodesis in Patients With Various Types of Skeletal Dysplasia

Study Design. Retrospective prognostic study. Objective. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cervical arthrodesis for cervical instability in patients with skeletal dysplasia. Summary of Background Data. Individuals with certain skeletal dysplasias have a high incidence of cervical instability, which can lead to compression of the spinal cord and subsequent severe spinal cord symptoms, progressive neurologic decline, quadriplegia, and death. Materials and Methods. The charts of 25 patients with skeletal dysplasia (spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, pseudoachondroplasia, Morquio, or Kniest) who had undergone cervical arthrodesis to treat instability were reviewed for evidence of fusion, neurologic improvement, and complications. Results. Of the 25 patients, 23 (92%) achieved a solid bony fusion, and 5 (20%) experienced surgery-related complications. One of the two patients who did not achieve fusion had a stable pseudarthrosis without neurologic complications, and additional surgical intervention was unnecessary; the second patient is contemplating revision surgery. Of 16 patients with preoperative neurologic manifestations, 14 (88%) experienced improvement. Conclusion. Cervical arthrodesis can be a safe and effective treatment for patients with skeletal dysplasia and cervical instability, despite the inherent complications associated with a dysplastic skeleton. The procedure can preserve and/or improve neurologic function while minimizing the risk of neurologic injury from spinal cord compression.
Miss rate of colorectal neoplastic polyps and risk factors for missed polyps in consecutive colonoscopies

Background/Aims Colonoscopic polypectomy is the best diagnostic and therapeutic tool to detect and prevent colorectal neoplasms. However, previous studies have reported that 17% to 28% of colorectal polyps are missed during colonoscopy. We investigated the miss rate of neoplastic polyps and the factors associated with missed polyps from quality-adjusted consecutive colonoscopies. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients who were found to have colorectal polyps at a medical examination center of the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital between March 2012 and February 2013. Patients who were referred to a single tertiary academic medical center and underwent colonoscopic polypectomy on the same day were enrolled in our study. The odds ratios (ORs) associated with polyp-related and patient-related factors were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 463 patients and 1,294 neoplastic polyps were analyzed. The miss rates for adenomas, advanced adenomas, and carcinomas were 24.1% (312/1,294), 1.2% (15/1,294), and 0% (0/1,294), respectively. Flat/sessile-shaped adenomas (adjusted OR, 3.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.40–5.46) and smaller adenomas (adjusted OR, 5.63; 95% CI, 2.84– 11.15 for ≤5 mm; adjusted OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.60–6.30 for 6–9 mm, respectively) were more frequently missed than pedunculated/sub-pedunculated adenomas and larger adenomas. In patients with 2 or more polyps compared with only one detected (adjusted OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.55–3.61 for 2–4 polyps; adjusted OR, 11.52; 95% CI, 4.61–28.79 for ≥5 polyps, respectively) during the first endoscopy, the risk of missing an additional polyp was significantly higher. Conclusions One-quarter of neoplastic polyps was missed during colonoscopy. We encourage endoscopists to detect smaller and flat or sessile polyps by using the optimal withdrawal technique.
Excision of an acti ve CACTA-like transposable element from DFR 2 causes variegated flowers in soybean [ Glycine max ( L . ) Merr

Active endogenous transposable elements, useful tools for gene isolation, have not been reported from any legume species. An active transposable element was suggested to reside in the W4 locus that governs flower color in soybean. Through biochemical and molecular analyses of several revertants of the w4-m allele, we have shown that the W4 locus encodes dihydroflavonol-4-reductase 2 (DFR2). w4-m has arisen through insertion of Tgm9, a 20,548 bp CACTA-like transposable element, into the second intron of DFR2. Tgm9 showed high nucleic acid sequence identity to Tgmt*. Its 5’ and 3’ terminal inverted repeats start with conserved CACTA sequence. The 3’ sub-terminal region is highly repetitive. Tgm9 carries TNP1and TNP2-like transposases that are expressed in the mutable line, T322 (w4-m). The element excises at a high frequency from both somatic and germinal tissues. Following excision, reinsertions of Tgm9 into the DFR2 promoter generated novel stable alleles, w4-dp (dilute purple flowers) and w4-p (pale flowers). We hypothesize that the element is fractured during transposition, and truncated versions of the element in new insertion sites cause stable mutations. The highly active endogenous transposon, Tgm9 should facilitate genomics studies specifically that relate to legume biology.
Probing the mechanical properties of graphene using a corrugated elastic substrate

We examine the mechanical properties of graphene samples of thicknesses ranging from 1 to 17 atomic layers, placed on a microscale-corrugated elastic substrate. Using atomic force microscopy, we show that the graphene adheres to the substrate surface and can substantially deform the substrate, with larger graphene thicknesses creating greater deformations. We use linear elasticity theory to model the deformations of the composite graphene-substrate system. We compare experiment and theory, and thereby extract information about graphene’s bending rigidity, adhesion, critical stress for interlayer sliding, and sample-dependent tension.
Peripheral afferents and spinal inhibitory system in dynamic and static mechanical allodynia.

Mechanical allodynia is a debilitating pain from innocuous mechanical stimuli such as touch. To unravel its mechanism, one approach has been to focus on the fact that different afferent types mediate mechanical allodynia from stimuli “moving” across the skin (eg, brushing) and from stimuli “fixed” on a certain spot (eg, gentle pressure or weak punctate stimulation); the former type of allodynia being designated “dynamic” and the latter, “static” (these terms, however, differentiate mechanical allodynia by “stimulation mode,” not by afferent type). Thus, because the stimulation mode differs between dynamic and static mechanical allodynia, different afferent inputs are presumably generated and then differentially processed in the spinal cord. In this regard, recent literature suggests that inhibitory processing of afferent inputs by glycineand g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission differs between dynamic and static mechanical allodynia, respectively. In addition to the dynamic/ static stimulation mode, factors such as the size/depth of stimulated area (eg, large pressure probe vs von Frey filament) and the stimulation velocity/duration can influence mechanical allodynia because of spatial/temporal summation, counteraction between afferents, and afferents’ adaptation properties. Because the nature of afferent inputs and the spinal inhibitory processing seem to differ in the 2 types of mechanical allodynia, this review summarizes what we know of these issues in various pathological and experimental pain conditions. In this review, as a caveat, we do not deal with “mechanical hyperalgesia,” an increased pain from a mechanical stimulus that normally provokes pain.
A model‐based longitudinal meta‐analysis of FEV1 in randomized COPD trials

A model‐based, longitudinal meta‐analysis of the efficacy on morning trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is presented. Literature data from 142 randomized maintenance trials were included, comprising 106,422 patients who received 19 compounds. 1982 morning trough FEV1 observations were available, each representing the mean FEV1 for a study arm at a specific timepoint. The final model for absolute FEV1 included baseline, disease progression, placebo effect, and drug effect estimates for all compounds, with interstudy variability on all model components and additional interarm variability on baseline. A dose–response relationship was identifiable for 10 of the 19 compounds. Drug–drug interactions among direct bronchodilators and the effect of concomitant background COPD treatment were included. Covariates were identified on baseline. Disease progression was proportional to the baseline FEV1, and a mean baseline of <1.2 L resulted in a lower efficacy, in particular for antiinflammatory treatments.
Leg-Length Discrepancy and Bone Age in Unilateral Idiopathic Talipes Equinovarus

The goals of this retrospective review were to evaluate leg-length discrepancy in patients with a unilateral clubfoot and to determine the relationship between bone age and chronologic age in the same population. Thirty-two of 47 patients referred for scanograms had a discrepancy more than 0.5 cm. Shortening was predominantly in the tibia, and four patients had radiographic evidence of growth disturbance. Five had been treated surgically at the time of review. If clinically indicated, a scanogram and standing radiographs of the ankle are necessary to determine the location and magnitude of discrepancy. Although the literature supports a neurologic etiology in some patients, and bone age may be delayed in certain neuromuscular conditions associated with limb shortening (hemiplegia), the authors' results suggest that bone age is statistically equivalent to chronologic age in the unilateral clubfoot population. These findings do not provide indirect support for a neurologic etiology.
The intrinsic load-resisting capacity of kinesin

Conventional kinesin is a homodimeric motor protein that is capable of walking unidirectionally along a cytoskeletal filament. While previous experiments indicated unyielding unidirectionality against an opposing load up to the so-called stall force, recent experiments also observed limited processive backwalking under superstall loads. This theoretical study seeks to elucidate the molecular mechanical basis for kinesin's steps over the full range of external loads that can possibly be applied to the dimer. We found that kinesin's load-resisting capacity is largely determined by a synergic ratchet-and-pawl mechanism inherent in the dimer. Load susceptibility of this inner molecular mechanical mechanism underlies kinesin's response to various levels of external loads. Computational implementation of the mechanism enabled us to rationalize major trends observed experimentally in kinesin's stalemate and consecutive back steps. The study also predicts several distinct features of kinesin's load-affected motility, which are seemingly counterintuitive but readily verifiable by future experiment.