Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GROSS PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHTS IN TURKEY POULTS (Meliagridesgallopavo - Beltsville Small White variety) FED EXPERIMENTALLY WITH AFLATOXIN AND T-2 TOXIN

Experimental mycotoxicoses were induced singly and in combination in 48 newly hatched turkey poults (Meleagridisgallopavo Beltsville small white) for a period of 0 to 13 weeks by feeding diets containing 100 ppb AF and 1 ppm T-2 toxin. The AF was produced on rice while T-2 toxin was produced on corn grits using Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 and Fusarium sporotrichioides respectively. The AF and T-2 toxin from cultures were quantified by TLC. Weighed amounts of powdered culture material was incorporated into the toxin free diet and were adjusted to 100 ppb AF and 1 ppm T-2 toxin. A detailed post mortem was conducted on sacrificed bird during the 7 th week and 13 th week of experimental period. Weights of liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius and gross lesions were recorded. Only relative spleen weights significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the toxin treated groups except T-2 when compared to the control. The AF fed birds during the 7 th and 13 th week revealed enlarged and congested, pale or patchy yellowish discoloured liver and translucent gall bladder distended with thin, light green bile. The kidneys were mildly congested. Duodenum contained excess mucus mixed contents and bursa of Fabricius was mildly enlarged. The study revealed pale to congested liver in the T-2 toxin fed poults yellowish necrotic plaques in the hard palate and ventral surface of the tip of the tongue and milder oral lesions during the 7 th and 13 th week respectively. The results observed during the 7 th and 13 th week in AF-T-2 toxin treated birds were poor bodily condition, liver was reduced in size, pale to yellowish discoloured, soft and friable, congested kidneys, swelling, encrustations, necrosis and plaque lesions in the lateral commissures, of the hard palate and tongue. Kidneys were mildly congested. Mucus mixed contents was seen in intestine. Spleen appeared shrunken. Bursal plicae were oedematous. Gross lesions observed in AF treated birds could be due to direct and indirect effects of International Journal of Science, Environment ISSN 2278-3687 (O) and Technology, Vol. 7, No 2, 2018, 663 – 676 2277-663X (P) Received Mar 19, 2018 * Published April 2, 2018 * www.ijset. net 664 N. Jayanthi, B. Murali Manohar, C. Balachandran, Ganne Venkata Sudhakar Rao and G. Dhinakar Raj toxins. In T-2 toxin treated birds, the gross lesions in the oral cavity and intestine could be due to direct effect of toxins in the epithelial cells causing necrosis. In combined treatment group, the lesions observed were severe in organs like liver, kidney, bursa of Fabricius which might be due to additive effect of toxins.
Testing Self-Efficacy as a Pathway That Supports Self-Care Among Family Caregivers in a Psychoeducational Intervention

This study investigated the extent to which a psychoeducational intervention supports family-centered care by influencing health risk and self-care behaviors of caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (N = 325). Moreover, this study investigated the extent to which changes in self-efficacy explained changes in health risk and self-care behaviors. Data were analyzed using repeated measures and multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression. Qualitative written accounts of the impact of the intervention augmented the quantitative findings. The study's findings revealed that family caregivers experienced reductions in health risk behaviors and improvements in exercise, stress management, and relaxation activities as a result of participating in the psychoeducational intervention. Improvement in self-efficacy was linked with reductions in health risk behaviors and increased involvement in stress management and relaxation activities. Implications are discussed in terms of the need to understand the mechanisms by which interventions influence family caregivers and the role these mechanisms play in supporting family-centered care.
Some of the Strongest Predisposing Factors on the Behavior of Tooth Brushing among Iranian School Age Children

Background Oral Health is a criterion for general health. Oral diseases have a chronic process as well as multifactorial nature. Predisposing factors are the strongest factors in behavior formation at personal level. The aim of this study was to determine the strongest predisposing factors affecting oral health behavior among Iranian school age children. Materials and Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 441 students (9-12 years old) in Rafsanjan city, Iran. Researcher-made questionnaire was used as data collection tool designed based on the reviewing scientific references, text and qualitative research, consisted of three parts including 8 demographic questions, 8 predisposing factors (Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceived Susceptibility, Severity and Benefits, Subjective Norms, Motivation to Comply and Observational Learning) and checklist of weekly behavior of tooth brushing. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software. Results Mean score of majority of constructs, except for Knowledge, were at optimum level. Frequency of tooth brushing behavior of twice and more per day was equal to 66.1%. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between tooth brushing behavior and Knowledge of students (r=0.1, P<0.05). According to multi-criteria regression analysis, Knowledge and perceived severity had the strongest predicting role in daily behavior of tooth brushing. Conclusion Perceived severity and knowledge were most important predisposing factor and predictor of tooth brushing behavior among children. Considering these factors in designing interventions to improve the behavior of brushing is recommended.
Marginal populations under pressure: spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Ascophyllum nodosum and associated assemblages affected by human trampling in Portugal

Anthropogenic disturbances are major threats to coastal biodiversity and may exert drastic effects on natural populations occurring at the borders of the geographical distribution of species, which are thus already experiencing sub-optimal environmental conditions. In this paper, we examined the effects of experimental intensities of human trampling on temporal and spa - tial variance of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum and associated organisms in north Por tugal. This is the southernmost population of A. nodosum in Europe and shows morphological and demographic traits that are different from those of populations from more central locations within its range of distribution. Results indicated that high trampling intensity reduced the small- scale spatial heterogeneity in the abundance of A. nodosum, whose cover was stabilized around relatively low values, and of the associated red algae Polysiphonia lanosa and Rhodothamniella floridula; however, it increased the spatial variance of limpets and green foliose macroalgae of the genus Ulva. Idiosyncratic responses in temporal patterns were also documented, with high tram- pling intensity causing relatively larger fluctuations in the structure of whole A. nodosum associ- ated assemblages and in the abundance of Ulva spp. , and smaller fluctuations in the cover of Fucus vesiculosus. The present findings are key to predicting the relatively unstudied responses of coastal populations of A. nodosum to increasing anthropogenic disturbance and have important implications for the management and conservation of the examined population, which represents a relevant component of the biodiversity of European rocky shores.
Mathematical Model of Kangen Water®. Biophysical and Biochemical Effects of Catholyte

This article deals with the review of the basic physical-chemical processes underlying the electrolysis of water and preparation of electrochemically activated water solution catholyte by Kangen Water ® Ionizer and studying their physical-chemical properties and biophysical effects on human organism. Additionally, by using IR, NES, and DNES methods were investigated various samples of water from Bulgarian water springs: the melt water from Glacier Rosenlaui, Swiss Alps, as well as the human blood serum of people with excellent health and cancer patients between 50 and 70 years old. Other experiments were performed on a Kangen Water ® Ionizer (Enagic USA Inc.) for improvement of quality of tap water by electrochemically activation. As an estimation factor in NES and DNES was measured the values ​​of the average energy of hydrogen bonds (∆E H . O ) among H 2 O molecules in water samples, as well as a local extremums in the NES and DNES-spectra of various samples of water and the human blood serum at E = -0.1387 eV and λ = 8.95 μm. For a group of people in critical condition of life and patients with malignant tumors the greatest values ​​of local extremums in IR-, DNES-spectra were shifted to lower energies relative to the control healthy group. Further we applied this method for calculation of percent distribution of H 2 O molecules in all studied water samples according to energies of hydrogen bonds ranged from (-0.08 to -0.1387 eV). It was shown that mountain water is among the most important factors for human longevity and human health. The variety of ions (K + , Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Zn 2+ , SO 4 2- , Cl - , HCO 3 - , CO 3 2- ), the chemical-physical parameters (pH, electroconductivity) and the decreased content of deuterium in studied water samples renders beneficial effects of these types of water on human health. Also our research has confirmed the efficiency of water electrical treatment with Kangen Water ® Ionizer. In frames of the research was carried out the computer calculation of elemental polyhedral water nanoclusters with a formula (Н 2 О) n , where n = 3–20. Based on this data some important physical characteristics of water were obtained, e.g. the average energy of hydrogen bonding between Н 2 О molecules in the process of cluster formation was measured by the DNES method compiles -0.1067 ± 0.0011 eV. Keywords : longevity, mountain water, IR, NES, DNES, Glacier Rosenlaui, Kangen Water ® Ionizer.
Gone with the wind: an empirical analysis of the renewable energy rent transfer

Subsidies to renewable energy are costly and contentious. We estimate the reduction in prices that follows from the subsidized entry of wind power in the Nordic electricity market. A relatively small-scale entry of renewables leads to a large-scale transfer of surplus from the incumbent producers to the consumers: 10 % market share for wind generation eliminates one-half of the total electricity market expenditures. The subsidies generate net gains to consumers. We develop an approach to analyzing storage and renewable energy in equilibrium, and provide an anatomy of a market dominated by such technologies.
Bio-Control of Alternaria alternata during Banana Storage by Purified AFP Using Isoelectric Focusing Technique

Interestingly, antifungal protein AFP was purified from Aspergillus giganteus supernatants with modified isoelectric focusing procedure after adaptation of the secretion conditions. Subsequently, the antifungal activity as well as the mode of action against Alternaria alternata was tested in vitro. Moreover, different concentrations of AFP were applied to banana fruits for 15 days at 20°C in vivo. Obtained results illustrated that A. giganteus was able to secrete about 39.78 ± 2.39 mg AFP·l-1 Olson medium. The employed ammonium sulfate (AS 75%) precipitation procedure followed by dialysis steps yielded about 16 - 22 mg AFP·l-1 culture supernatant with general mean of 18.67 ± 1.98 mg·l-1. The lost amount of AFP during purification using AS and 3KDa cut-off dialysis membrane is about 50% thus, purification procedure must be further improved. Indeed, concluded results from MIC and hyphal extension inhibition test noticed that AFP was efficiently affected by either growth or hyphae form of A. alternata in vitro. The MIC of AFP against A. alternata was 2μg·ml-1. However,short, thick and highly septated hyphae with damaged constricted apical regions extruding from condensed mycelium aggregates in treated hyphae compared to the untreated culture was remarkably shown. The mode of action of in vitro experiment manifested that AFP was effective to act the fungal cell and permeabilize the cell membrane of A. alternata. Furthermore, the in vivo experiment showed that AFP could reduce post-harvest decay on banana caused by A. alternata. AFP at concentration of 15 and 25 μg·ml-1 exhibit Alternaria decayed reduction by 45.45% and 77.27%, respectively. While no Alternaria decayed area was observed when 50 μg·ml-1 was applied during the storage time. Quantification of DNA by species-specific PCR could exude a positive correlation between the DNA amount and decayed area. In conclusion, AFP can be efficiently used as a bio-preservative agent during storage and handling of banana fruits, and considered as an excellent biological alternative to combat secondary growth of filamentous fungi.
Optimization of 3-D natural convection around the isothermal cylinder using Taguchi method

This study discusses the application of Taguchi method in assessing minimum entropy generation and maximum heat transfer rate for natural convection in an enclosure embedded with isothermal cylinder. The simulations were planned based on Taguchi’s L25 orthogonal array with each trial performed under different conditions of position and aspect ratio (AR) of the cylinder. The thermal lattice Boltzmann based on D3Q19 methods without any turbulent submodels was purposed to simulate the flow and thermal fields. A relaxation time method with the stability constants is introduced to solve turbulent natural convection problems. Signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) analysis were carried out in order to determine the effects of process parameters and optimal factor settings. Isotherms, streamlines and Nusselt numbers were obtained and discussed. Total entropy generations in various cases are also reported and optimum case is presented based on minimum entropy generation and maximum heat transfer rate. Finally, confirmation tests verified that Taguchi method achieved optimization of heat transfer rate with sufficient accuracy.
Intra-Annual Cellular Characteristics and their Implications for Modeling Softwood Density

A numeric wood density model is presented to investigate the potential and actual influence of intra-annual cell characteristics on wood density. The model was designed for conifers with a distinctive early-latewood transition, and its performance was tested with data from Scots pine trees. The model is a helpful tool to understand how and to what extent cell characteristics influence wood density. Latewood percentage proved to be an excellent predictor for wood density, and the interaction of density with cell characteristics is shown.
Can adaptive evolution or behaviour lead to diversification of traits determining a trade-off between foraging gain and predation risk?

In this article, I examine the population-level consequences of adaptive change in a trait that determines both the ability of a species to capture food and its ability to avoid predation. I assume that the foraging traitof a focal species has an equilibrium that minimizes fitness, but which can be maintained by frequency-dependent selection (i.e. a 'branching point' equilibrium). Such a scenario has the potential for selection to favour diversification into a well-defended type with low food consumption ability and a poorly defended type with high food consumption. Population and trait dynamics are examined using models of a three-species food chain in which the middle species has a foraging/vulnerability trait that changes adaptively at a rate proportional to the rate of change in fitness with a unit change in the value of the trait. Conditions favouring evolutionary diversification at a fitness minimizing trait are: (1) weak density dependence in the food species and (2) a moderately decelerating relationship between the foraging trait and vulnerability to the predator. If these conditions are satisfied, diversification occurs when the rate of adaptive change is sufficiently low. However, rapid change, such as that which occurs when the trait is behaviourally determined, often generates population cycles that may prevent diversification. Fitness minimization at a branching point implies that, when the rate of adaptive change is sufficiently high, population and trait cycles will either be produced or altered. Thus, it is possible that there are many ecological scenarios under which adaptive behaviour frequently fails to produce polymorphism when analogous evolutionary models predict such diversification.
Stingless bee keeping in Australia: snapshot of an infant industry

Results of this survey of the keeping of stingless bees in Australia in 1998/1999 showed that this new activity is growing rapidly. Responses came from over 250 stingless bee keepers with more than 1400 colonies. The industry is concentrated in coastal Queensland with Trigona carbonaria being the most common species kept. Rates of future colony increase expected by survey participants (15-18% per annum) were low compared with increases achieved by experienced beekeepers (30%), but both indicate that the industry could grow rapidly over the next two decades. Enjoyment, conservation, crop pollination (mainly macadamia nut), honey production and hive sales were the major reasons for keeping stingless bees.
Theoretical and experimental investigations of circular sector microstrip antenna

An analysis of a general circular sector microstrip antenna (CSMA) with sector angle, α, is presented in this paper. The theoretical analysis is carried out by applying cavity model-based modal expansion technique. The computed results are validated with measured results for CSMA geometry with α = 60 o . The computed results show a fairly good agreement with measured results. A reasonably small deviation of 1.06% in the resonant frequency is recorded, while a fairly good agreement between measured and computed return loss and radiation patterns is recorded. This validates the proposed technique of treating CSMA geometry.
Screening of Bacillus isolates for potential biocontrol of the wilt disease complex of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) under greenhouse and small-scale field conditions.

Twenty isolates of unidentified Bacillus species were obtained from pathogen-suppressive soils of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) fields for the biocontrol of a wilt disease complex caused by Heterodera cajani, Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium udum. Five isolates (B602, B603, B605, B615 and B618) were considered to have biocontrol potential on the basis of antifungal activity, inhibitory effect on the hatching and penetration of nematodes and colonization of pigeon pea roots by these isolates. The five Bacillus isolates were evaluated for biocontrol potential under pot conditions. Isolates B615 and B603 were found to be the most promising and should be further studied in field experiments.
Relationship Between Antibodies to Toxocara and the Disability of the Human Ankylosing Spondylitis

There are only few studies reported in the literature of patients with spondyloarthropathies associated with Toxocara infection. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between antibodies to Toxocara and the disability of the human Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Thirty-six AS patients (14 female and 22 male) participated during the study period and all were residents from Mexico City. Evaluations included physician and patient self-assessment Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) to define the joint limitation of the spine. Blood tests included the identification of Human Leukocyte Antigen B27 (HLA-B27), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and levels of antibodies to Toxocara canis and Ascaris lumbricoides. Seventy seven serum samples of healthy donors were used as control group. Seropositivity for T. canis was detected in 25% of patients with AS and 1/36 was positive for antibodies to Ascaris while, 2/77 were positive for Toxocara and 1/77 for Ascaris in the control group. A correlation between antibodies to Toxocara and the presence of AS was observed (p=0.0005432; Mid-P exact, two tails); the levels of antibodies to Toxocara were not associated with the HLA-B-57 antigen neither with the disability caused by the AS, although the 74% of AS patients had high values of BASFI (6.4Â±1.5) with normal levels of CRP and ESR. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the AS patients and control group in the seropositivity for Ascaris (p = 0.64). These results suggest a minor role for toxocariosis in the AS limited joint in Mexican population, however further studies are needed to determine the role of Toxocara in the AS prognosis.
Manipulating Persuasion in Debates: Fact Checking’s Usefulness

Persuasion can be considered as a situation where subjects having an opinion or an argument are willing to change it in favor of others’ proposal only if the new message has personal relevance and significant consequences on their lives. In this paper, we argue that improvements in the information set and the knowledge of the fundamental rules of a “well-formed formula” are necessary to minimize errors when people make their choices. Arguments can be manipulated either in terms of the truth of premises or in terms of the logical connectives among propositions. The emerging mechanism of the so-called fact-checking, used to verify candidates’ statements during the electoral campaign, may be a very useful instrument to realize these improvements in political debates.
Rethinking the Structure of Islamic Economics Science: The Universal Man Imperative

The end of value-free economics presents a positive outlook for Islamic economics. Nonetheless, progress is only viable when this discipline has a solid scientific structure. Thus, this paper aims at highlighting the economic man imperative in projecting Islamic economics as a normal science. This paper first explores Islamic economics’ current state of readiness to fulfill its promising future. Unfortunately, the authoritative view is that Islamic economics is not in proper order. Consequently, Arif’s (1985a and 1985b) Islamic economics scientific structure is utilized to locate that stage which requires serious improvement. At the basis of micro-foundation stage, the economic man imperative emerges out of this identification exercise. Thus, the most important implication here is the replacement of homo Islamicus with the concept of ‘universal man’ which proffers several significant advantages. Apart from the other stages in the structure, this ‘universal man’ needs immediate refinement to strengthen the edifice of Islamic economics science.
Profit or No Profit— Does the SME Sector Really Know?

While the SME sector is continuously in the limelight with regard to its potential role to alleviate the unemployment problem in South Africa, questions arise whether the SME sector utilises its relatively scarce resources optimally. In order to determine whether resources are optimally utilised, the SME sector in general and each SME individually has to avail of the knowledge and accounting skills to confidently answer the fundamental question whether they are making a profit or not. In this article the literature with regard to the need for SME development in South Africa as well as the skills needed by the SME sector to function optimally, will initially be addressed. The objective of the article, namely to determine whether the ME sector in KwaZulu-Natal in particular, avail of the required accounting skills to operate profitably, will consequently be addressed in the analysis of the empirical research conducted among experts in the SME sector in KwaZuluNatal. In the final instance the summary, recommendations, caveats and suggestions for further research will be dealt with.