Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Development of Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence: An Examination of Key Correlates Among a Sample of Young Adults

Social learning theory remains one of the leading explanations of intimate partner violence (IPV). Research on attitudes toward IPV represents a logical extension of the social learning tradition, as it is intuitive to expect that individuals exposed to violence in the family of origin may internalize behavioral scripts for violence and adopt attitudes accepting of IPV. Yet despite this assumed link between family violence and attitudes toward IPV, few studies have empirically examined factors associated with the development of such attitudes. Using data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationship Study (TARS), we examine the role of family violence on the adoption of attitudes accepting of IPV among a sample of young adults (n = 928). The current investigation contributes to existing literature on attitudes toward IPV by (a) providing an empirical examination of factors associated with attitudes toward IPV in predictive models; (b) relying on a multifaceted index, describing specific conditions under which IPV may be deemed justifiable; (c) examining extra-familial factors, in addition to family violence exposure, to provide a more comprehensive account of factors associated with attitudes toward IPV; and (d) focusing particular attention on the role of gender, including whether the factors associated with attitudinal acceptance of IPV are similar for men and women. Findings indicated considerable variation in overall endorsement of attitudes regarding the use of violence across conditions, with greater endorsement among women. Consistent with social learning approaches to IPV, exposure to violence in the family of origin was associated with attitudes toward IPV. Yet findings also signaled the salience of factors beyond the family, including a range of sociodemographic, relationship, and adult status characteristics. We discuss the relevance of our findings for future theorizing and research in the area of attitudes toward IPV.
Phosphorus compounds in animal tissues; the nucleic acid content of homologous normal and cancer tissues.

The concept that nucleic acids are intimately associated with fundamental cellular processes has gained considerable favor within the last few years. This can undoubtedly be attributed to the researches of Caspersson and his associates. Caspersson, with the aid of ultraviolet spectrophotometry, has been able to measure the nucleic acids in various parts of the cell under a variety of experimental conditions. He has demonstrated, for example, that DNA ~ is found in certain portions of the chromosome and that its concentration undergoes cyclic changes, which can be correlated with mitosis (7). He has also been able to show that high concentrations of PNA * are found in the cytoplasm of cells actively engaged in protein synthesis, and in the cytoplasm of such rapidly growing tissues as embryos, and rnalignant tumors (6, 8-10). The peculiar localization of DNA in the chromosomes led to the hypothesis that it is closely associated with, if not in fact identical with, the genes. A barrier to this i&a has been the comparative simplicity of the structure of DNA in contrast to the wide variety of known genes. Nevertheless, the first direct experimental evidence in support of this hypothesis has now appeared. In a classical piece of work, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty isolated a DNA from Pneumococcus Type III that was capable of inducing the transformation of Pneumococcus Type II into Type III (2). These are only a few of the findings that could be cited to show the importance of nucleic acids in cellular physiology, but as the subject has been adequately reviewed (12, 15, 19, 20, 27, 31, 36) it need not be further considered here. The need for quantitative chemical analyses of homologous normal and cancer
An Energy-Aware Debugger for Intermittently Powered Systems

Energy-harvesting technology has the potential to free computing devices from the constraints of wires and batteries. However, writing software for energy-harvesting computers is uniquely challenging. Programs on energy-harvesting devices execute intermittently due to frequent power failures. Intermittent execution can create errors that are not possible in continuously powered systems and that are difficult to diagnose with conventional debuggers, such as JTAG. The authors propose the Energy-Interference-Free Debugger (EDB), a tool for monitoring and debugging of intermittent systems without adversely affecting their energy state. EDB recreates a familiar debugging environment for intermittent software and augments it with debugging primitives for effective diagnosis of intermittence bugs. The authors' evaluation quantifies energy-interference-free property and shows value in debugging tasks on a real RF-powered energy-harvesting device. Development support offered is a prerequisite for adoption of energy-harvesting devices in practice and for making the emerging research area of intermittent computing accessible.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Protects Renal Tubular Cells from Gentamicin-Induced Apoptosis via Upregulating Na+/H+ Exchanger NHE1

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α is a transcription factor that has been reported to inhibit gentamicin-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells. However, the antiapoptotic mechanism of PPARα is still unknown. In this study, we found that PPARα overexpression induced Na+/H+ exchanger-1 (NHE1) expression in the rat renal tubular cells NRK-52E. Beraprost, a PPARα ligand, also increased NHE1 expression in the renal tubules in normal mice, but not in PPARα knockout mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that two PPARα binding elements were located in the rat NHE1 promoter region. Na+/H+ exchanger activity also increased in the PPARα-overexpressed cells. Flow cytometry showed that the PPARα-overexpressed cells were resistant to apoptosis-induced shrinkage. Cariporide, a selective NHE1 inhibitor, inhibited the antiapoptotic effect of PPARα in the gentamicin-treated cells. The interaction between NHE1 and ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) and between ERM and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the PPARα-overexpressed cells was more than in the control cells. ERM short interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection inhibited the PPARα-induced antiapoptotic effect. PPARα overexpression also increased the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) expression, which is dependent on NHE1 activity. Increased PI3K further increased the phosphorylation of the prosurvival kinase Akt in the PPARα-overexpressed cells. Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, inhibited PPARα-induced Akt activity and the antiapoptotic effect. We conclude that PPARα induces NHE1 expression and then recruits ERM to promote PI3K/Akt-mediated cell survival in renal tubular cells. The application of PPARα activation reduces the nephrotoxicity of gentamicin and may expand the clinical use of gentamicin.
Urinary tract infections: disease panorama and challenges.

The major goal of this conference was to review new advances in our undertaking of the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) from the perspective of both the pathogen and the host. This initial presentation provided an appropriate context for subsequent discussion by providing an overview of the etiology and epidemiology of UTI, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, current management strategies, evolution of antimicrobial resistance, and current approaches to prevention.
Hadrian and the City of Rome

A new interdisciplinary approach to an analysis of the emperor Hadrian's building and urban development or transformation projects in ancient Rome. It combines the testimony of archaeology, literary accounts, epigraphy, numismatics, and art and architectural history. There are 8 chapters: the Princeps and the City; Campus Martius; the Imperial Fora; the Forum Romanum, Rome's traditional center; Imperial Residences; Hadrian's Mausoleum and the Pons Aelius; Missing and Misidentified Buildings; conclusions. Appendix: the Obeliscus Antinoi; catalogue, bibliography. Indices.
Carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae: biology, epidemiology, and management

Introduced in the 1980s, carbapenem antibiotics have served as the last line of defense against multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative organisms. Over the last decade, carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have emerged as a significant public health threat. This review summarizes the molecular genetics, natural history, and epidemiology of CRE and discusses approaches to prevention and treatment.
Incomplete Processing of Proinsulin to Insulin Accompanied by Elevation of Des-31,32 Proinsulin Intermediates in Islets of Mice Lacking Active PC2*

The prohormone convertases PC2 (SPC2) and PC3/PC1 (SPC3) are the major precursor processing endoproteases in a wide variety of neural and endocrine tissues. Both enzymes are normally expressed in the islet beta cells and participate in proinsulin processing. Recently we generated mice lacking active PC2 due to a disruption of the PC2 gene (Furuta, M., Yano, H., Zhou, A., Rouillé, Y., Holst, J. J., Carroll, R. J., Ravazzola, M., Orci, L., Furuta, H., and Steiner, D. F. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94, 6646–6651). Here we report that these PC2 mutant mice have elevated circulating proinsulin, comprising 60% of immunoreactive insulin-like components. Acid ethanol extractable proinsulin from pancreas is also significantly elevated, representing about 35% of total immunoreactive insulin-like components. These increased amounts of proinsulin are mainly stored in secretory granules, giving rise to an altered appearance on electron microscopy. In pulse-chase experiments, the mutant islets incorporate lesser amounts of isotopic amino acids into insulin-related components than normal islets. In both wild-type and mutant islets, proinsulin I was processed more rapidly to insulin, reflecting the preference of both PC2 and PC3 for substrates having a basic amino acid positioned four residues upstream of the cleavage site. The overall half-time for the conversion of proinsulin to insulin is increased approximately 3-fold in the mutant islets and is associated with a 4–5-fold greater elevation of des-31,32 proinsulin, an intermediate that is formed by the preferential cleavage of proinsulin at the B chain-C-peptide junction by PC3 and is C-terminally processed to remove Arg31 and Arg32 by carboxypeptidase E. The constitutive release of newly synthesized proinsulin from both mutant and wild-type islets during the first 1–2 h of chase was normal (<2% of total). These results demonstrate that PC2 plays an essential role in proinsulin processing in vivo, but is quantitatively less important in this regard than PC3, and that its absence does not influence the efficient sorting of proinsulin into the regulated secretory pathway.
Is Ischemic Preconditioning a Useful Strategy in Steatotic Liver Transplantation?

This study examined the effect of preconditioning on steatotic livers for transplantation and attempted to identify the underlying protective mechanisms. Blood flow alterations, neutrophil accumulation, tumor necrosis factor α release and lipid peroxidation were observed in nonsteatotic livers after transplantation. Steatotic and nonsteatotic liver grafts were similar in their blood flow, neutrophil accumulation, and TNF release after transplantation. However, in the presence of steatosis, lipid peroxidation and hepatic injury increased. In addition, recipients of steatotic liver grafts were more vulnerable to lung damage associated with transplantation. The conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase and the accumulation of xanthine during cold ischemia was greater in steatotic than in nonsteatotic liver grafts. The results obtained with xanthine oxidase inhibitors indicated that xanthine/xanthine oxidase could be responsible for the increased lipid peroxidation as well as the exacerbated liver and lung damage associated with transplantation of steatotic livers. Preconditioning reduced the xanthine accumulation and percentage of xanthine oxidase seen in steatotic liver grafts during cold ischemia, and conferred protection against liver and lung damage following transplantation. The benefits of preconditioning could be mediated by nitric oxide. These findings suggest that preconditioning could be a relevant new strategy to protect against the inherent risk of steatotic liver failure following transplantation.
Context‐Specific Inhibition is Related to Craving in Alcohol Use Disorders: A Dangerous Imbalance

BACKGROUND Most contemporary neuroscientific models of alcohol use disorders (AUD) incorporate an imbalance between enhanced cue reactivity, which results in a strong urge to consume, and the impaired inhibitory control of that urge. While these phenomena have been frequently investigated separately, studies involving both aspects and thus precisely investigating the postulated imbalance are rare. In this study, inhibition was investigated in an addiction-specific context and individual craving levels were also examined. METHODS This study compared inhibition in alcohol-related and neutral contexts in patients with AUD and healthy controls, while also taking into account the individual amount of craving. All subjects performed a Go/NoGo task involving neutral and alcohol-related NoGo trials, while their brain activity was recorded using multichannel electroencephalography. The map strength and topography of the N2 and P3 components of the NoGo event-related potentials were compared between groups and contexts using whole-scalp randomization-based methods. The effects of interest were further investigated with sLORETA source analysis. RESULTS For the N2 component, the context by craving interaction was strong for map strength and map topography. The source analysis indicated that in subjects with high craving, alcohol-related context led to enhanced and prolonged activation in the posterior cingulate and premotor cortical areas. This interaction was specific for craving, but not for diagnostic classification. The amplitude of the P3 component was reduced in subjects with AUD, which replicated previous findings. CONCLUSIONS In subjects with strong craving, the conflict reflected in the NoGo-N2 was enhanced in the alcohol-related context. Such enhanced conflict probably makes the successful inhibition of the urge to drink in high-risk situations even more difficult for this subgroup of patients and should therefore be addressed in individualized treatment planning.
Mucopolysaccharidoses: Ultrastructure of leukocyte inclusions

Ultrastructural study of leukocytes from 7 patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I, II, or III demonstrated a variety of membrane‐bound inclusions in 34 to 68% of lymphocytes and larger mononuclear cells. The most common inclusions were membrane‐bound vacuoles containing faintly osmiophilic material, but a variety of clear vacuoles, dense granular inclusions, and myelin figures were also seen. Fingerprint profiles were present in small percentages in MPS II and III, indicating that they are not as specific as previously considered. Granulocytes, lymphocytes, and larger mononuclear cells from a patient with MPS VII showed many small and larger membrane‐bound vacuolated inclusions, some of which contained large dense granules. The presence of alterations in a readily accessible tissue such as blood indicates that ultrastructural study of leukocytes may be a useful adjunct in guiding further biochemical studies in MPS, es pecially in early or obscure cases.
Cultural Competence and Cultural Safety in Canadian Schools of Nursing: A Mixed Methods Study

Abstract Cultural competence and cultural safety are essential knowledge in contemporary nursing care. Using a three-phase, mixed methods sequential triangulation design, this study examines the extent to which Anglophone Schools of Nursing in Canada have integrated cultural competence and/or cultural safety into the undergraduate nursing curricula. Factors that influence successful integration are identified through the lens of Donabedian’s structure, process, and outcome model. Results suggest that several facilitating factors are present, such as leadership, partnerships and linkages, and educational supports for students. Of particular concern is the lack of policies to recruit and retain Aboriginal faculty, financial resources, and outcome evaluation indicators. A conceptual model of integration is offered to explain how Schools of Nursing function to support the implementation of these concepts into their curriculum. This study provides theoretical and practical implications for initiation and improvement of cultural competence and/or cultural safety integration strategies in Schools of Nursing.
A site‐ and strand‐specific DNA break confers asymmetric switching potential in fission yeast

Mating‐type switching in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe results in the transfer of genetic information from one of the two silent cassettes (mat2P or mat3M) to the transcriptionally active locus (mat1). The switching pattern is programmed by an imprinting event which restricts mat1 gene conversion to only one of the two sister cells, leading to asymmetric cell division. Biochemical analysis indicated that the mat1 locus contains a fragile chromosomal site. Southern hybridization and primer extension experiments showed that the fragility consists of a single‐strand break (SSB). The nicked DNA is stable throughout the cell cycle. The features of the nick fulfil all the requirements for the ‘epigenetic’, site and strand‐specific chromosome modification at the mat1 locus, providing strong evidence that an SSB can initiate mitotic and meiotic gene conversion during replication.
Carry‐over Effects of Size at Metamorphosis in Red‐eyed Treefrogs: Higher Survival but Slower Growth of Larger Metamorphs

Most animals have complex life histories, composed of a series of ecologically distinct stages, and the transitions between stages are often plastic. Anurans are models for research on complex life cycles. Many species exhibit plastic timing of and size at metamorphosis, due to both environmental constraints on larval growth and development and adaptive plastic responses to environmental variation. Models predicting optimal timing of metamorphosis balance cost/benefit ratios across stages, assuming that size affects growth and mortality rates in each stage. Much research has documented such effects in the larval period, but we lack an equal understanding of juvenile growth and mortality. Here, we examine how variation in size at metamorphosis in the Neotropical red‐eyed treefrog, Agalychnis callidryas, affects post‐metamorphic growth, foraging, and behavior in the lab as well as growth and survival in the field. Surprisingly, many individuals lost mass for weeks after metamorphosis. In the lab, larger metamorphs lost more mass following metamorphosis, ate similar amounts, had lower food conversion efficiencies, and grew more slowly after mass loss ceased than did smaller ones. In field cages larger metamorphs were more likely to survive than smaller ones; just one froglet died in the lab. Our data suggest that size‐specific differences in physiology and behavior influence these trends. Comparing across species and studies, large size at metamorphosis generally confers higher survival; size effects on growth rates vary substantially among species, in both magnitude and direction, but may be stronger in the tropics.
Hypertension increases the risk of renal deterioration in systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of hypertension on the development of renal functional deterioration, end stage renal disease and death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Person-years analysis using regression techniques to adjust for other baseline risk factors for adverse renal and patient survival outcomes. RESULTS Six hundred eighty-five patients with SLE were followed for a total of 4,137 person-years. The risk of renal deterioration (doubling of serum creatinine) and endstage renal disease (ESRD) both increased with increasing baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) (both p > 0.05). Even after adjustment for age, sex, baseline serum creatinine, C3, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hematocrit, anti-DNA antibodies, and proteinuria, those in the highest quartile of MAP had 2.3 times the odds of renal deterioration at 12 months and 4.6 times the odds of ESRD compared to those in the lowest quartile of MAP (both p < 0.01 comparing highest to lowest quartile of MAP). Also, hypertension increased the risk of mortality, especially between one and 2 years after blood pressure determination. The effect of hypertension was also independent of corticosteroid dose. CONCLUSION In patients with SLE, hypertension is a potent independent risk factor for adverse renal outcomes, and it also increases the risk of death.
Pancreas transplantation, antibodies and rejection: where do we stand?

Purpose of reviewAntibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is acknowledged and defined in kidney transplantation, but where do we stand as far as pancreas transplantation is concerned? Here we appraise the most recent findings in pancreatic AMR and give suggestions for future research in the field by addressing currently unresolved issues. Recent findingsFive main topics are discussed: chronological assessment of all literature on biopsy-proven pancreatic AMR; role of C4d and recent development in other markers; the use of sentinel organs, such as kidney biopsies and duodenal patch biopsies for diagnosis of pancreatic AMR; studies addressing islet pathology and its relevance in AMR; and protocol and follow-up pancreas biopsy practice in relation to pancreas transplant management and survival. SummaryAntibody-mediated processes play a role in pancreas transplantation. However, sensitive markers, pathophysiological understanding, and adequate interventions have not yet been established. Much data are still lacking and we believe that studying protocol and follow-up biopsies along with serial donor-specific antibody data may improve pancreas transplant patient management and outcomes.
UniNE at CLEF 2017: TF-IDF and Deep-Learning for Author Profiling

This paper describes and evaluates a strategy for author profiling using TF-IDF and a Deep-Learning model based on Convolutional Neural Networks. We applied this strategy to the author profiling task of the PAN17 challenge and show that it can be applied to different languages (English, Spanish, Portuguese and Arabic). As features, we suggest using a simple cleaning method for both models, and for the Deep-Learning model, a matrix of 2-grams of letters with punctuation marks, beginning and ending 2-grams, as features. Applying this strategy, we determine that the TFIDF-based model is the best one for language variety classification and that the Deep-Learning model achieve the highest accuracy on gender classification. The evaluations are based on four tweet collections (PAN AUTHOR PROFILING task at CLEF 2017).