Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The oldest Brazilian Snakes from the Cenomanian (Early Late Cretaceous)

South American Mesozoic snake diversity is mostly represented by genera from the Cenomanian (Najash), Santonian— Campanian (Dinilysia), and Campanian—Maastrichtian (Alamitophis, Patagoniophis, Rionegrophis, and Australophis) of Patagonia, Argentina. In this paper, we describe a new snake genus and species, Seismophis septentrionalis, from the Cenomanian (early Late Cretaceous) of the Alcântara Formation, Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. The new snake comprises a posteriormost trunk vertebra and possibly a poorly preserved midtrunk vertebra. Both vertebrae share small size, zygosphene moderately thick with a rectilinear roof, absence of paracotylar foramina, presence of parazygantral foramina, and strongly marked parasagittal ridges of the neural arch. The new snake is here considered of uncertain systematic affinities, but probably close to the limbed snake Najash rionegrina. Although the material is very fragmentary and the systematic assignment is still unresolved, this snake represents the oldest, as well as probably the most primitive snake from Brazil.
Crash Beliefs from Investor Surveys

Historical data suggest that the base rate for a severe, single-day stock market crash is relatively low. Surveys of individual and institutional investors, conducted regularly over a 26-year period in the United States, show that they assess the probability to be much higher. We examine factors influencing investor responses and test the role of media influence, finding evidence consistent with an availability bias. Adverse market events made salient by financial press are associated with higher subjective crash probabilities. Exogenous shocks related to earthquakes are also associated with higher probabilities. Finally, subjective crash probabilities are negatively associated with mutual fund flows.
Automatic Section Control Technologies and GPS Auto-guidance Systems Adoption in Cotton Production

Using data from a survey of cotton producers in 14 US states, and a bivariate probit regression, this study examined the effects of the following measured parameters on the adoption of Automatic Section Control (ASC) technologies and GPS Auto-Guidance (AG) systems: age, education, farm size, field geometry, information sources, as well as the use of specific production practices and other Precision Agriculture (PA) technologies. Results suggest that younger, more educated producers, consulting farm dealers for information about PA technologies, using other PA technologies, and managing larger farming operations located in counties with more irregularly shaped fields are more likely to adopt ASC technologies and AG systems. Predicted adoption probabilities estimated using regression results suggest the use of other PA technologies and farm dealers as a source of precision farming information have the largest impact on the probability of adopting ASC by cotton farmers. Additionally, these results suggest farmers with operations in eastern Arkansas, western Tennessee, and a couple of counties in middle Tennessee are more likely to adopt ASC technologies. Producers in these regions had the highest percentages of users of other PA technologies and farm dealers to obtain PA information.
The Crystal Structure of Bacillus subtilis Lipase : A Minimal α/β Hydrolase Fold Enzyme

The X-ray structure of the lipase LipA from Bacillus subtilis has been determined at 1.5 A resolution. It is the first structure of a member of homology family I.4 of bacterial lipases. The lipase shows a compact minimal α/β hydrolase fold with a six-stranded parallel β-sheet flanked by five α-helices, two on one side of the sheet and three on the other side. The catalytic triad residues, Ser77, Asp133 and His156, and the residues forming the oxyanion hole (backbone amide groups of Ile12 and Met78) are in positions very similar to those of other lipases of known structure. However, no lid domain is present and the active-site nucleophile Ser77 is solvent-exposed. A model of substrate binding is proposed on the basis of a comparison with other lipases with a covalently bound tetrahedral intermediate mimic. It explains the preference of the enzyme for substrates with C8 fatty acid chains.
Brain Lesions in Eclampsia : A Series of 50 Cases Admitted to HDU of a Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: To correlate the Magnetic Resonance Imaging findings and clinical presentation in patients of eclampsia. Materials and methods: This one year prospective study was conducted in the HDU of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PT.B. D.Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak . A total of 50 women with eclampsia (both antepartum and postpartum) were divided into two groups: a) study group patients with abnormal MRI b) control group: b) control group: patients with normal MRI.Comparison was done using chi-square test and unpaired student ‘t’ test. Results: MRI revealed abnormal findings in 24% of women, commonest diagnosis being CVT without infarct (10%) followed by infarct (8%), PRES (4%) and HLE (2%). Totally 66% (n = 33) of the women presented with postpartum eclampsia while 34% (n = 17) had antepartum eclampsia.96%(n = 48) were unbooked cases. Unconsciousness, altered sensorium, headache, blurring of vision, seizures, GCS < 3 correlated well with MRI findings (p = 0.000, p = 0.027, p = 0.001, p = 0.007, p = 0.005, p = 0.000 respectively) whereas fundoscopic changes did not (p = 0.520). The mean uric acid and serum creatinine levels was higher (0.41 ± 0.11 mmol/ L vs 0.26 ± 0.10 mmol/ L and 80 ± 18 μmol/ L vs 71 ± 9 μmol/ L) in the study group and this was statistically significant (p = 0.003, p = 0.04 respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between blood pressure values of cases with or without MR imaging evidence of brain lesions. There was no maternal mortality among 50 cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of neurological findings for abnormal MRI in patients with eclampsia was found to be 91.7%, 73.7%, 52.4%, 96.6% respectively. Conclusion: Unconsciousness, altered sensorium, headache, blurring of vision,seizures, GCS < 3, elevated uric acid and serum creatinine levels in the follow-up of pregnant patients with preeclampsia/eclampsia should be a warning for possible brain lesions whereas booking status, mean BP, fundoscopy, platelet, hemoglobin, liver enzymes were not significantly associated with positive MRI findings in patients of eclampsia.
SUBGLACIAL ENVIRONMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF DRUMLINS – The case of the Saadjärve Drumlin Field, Estonia

7 INTRODUCTION. 8 1. GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND AND INVESTIGATION HISTORY . 15 1.1. Bedrock . 15 1.2. Quaternary. 17 1.3. Investigation history. 18 2. METHODS AND DATA. 20 2.1. Morphological methods. 20 2.2. Sedimentological studies. 21 2.3. Lithology . 21 3. RESULTS . 22 3.1. Drumlin morphology. 22 3.2. Internal composition. 26 3.3. Structure of the drumlin-forming till. 28 4. DISCUSSION . 31 4.1. Till texture and drumlin size . 31 4.2. Meltwater flow through the substratum . 31 4.3. Subglacial water pressure and bed deformation . 35 4.4. The Saadjärve ice stream and its dynamics. 36 CONCLUSIONS. 38 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 40 REFERENCES. 41 SUMMARY IN ESTONIAN: Liustikualused protsessid voorte kujunemisel – Saadjärve voorestiku näide. 47 PUBLICATIONS . 49
VILLAGE GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION IN DECENTRALIZED INDONESIA: DEMOCRACY, ETHNIC DIVERSITY AND BUDGET AUTHORITY

The village (desa) is the lowest level of government administration in In - donesia. In the pre-decentralization, although by law a village should held a regular election to select their leader, in practice the election is highly influenced and intervened by higher level of government. The new decen - tralization law has provided rural village governance with free election of village head and autonomy to design and decide budget and regulation without approval from the district government. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of corruption in village government of Indonesia in the more decentralized system of government introduced in 2001, focusing on the interrelationship between democracy and ethnic frac - tionalization at village level. Applying a Probit model to the IFLS (Indonesian Family Life Survey) data set on the perception of corruption incidence and the changes in governance at village government in 256 communities, this paper finds that an ethnic diversity at village level is positively associat - ed with corruption if democracy is practiced before the decentralization, and, in contrast, is negatively associated with corruption if the democracy is newly adopted following the decentralization reform. These results are ro - bust, with and without inclusion of budget autonomy, which found to have positive association with corruption.
Additional planets in the habitable zone of Gliese 581

Context. The 3-planet system that contains two super Earths has recently been verified around the M dwarf Gliese 581. Recent theoretical work into the system's habitable zone (HZ) still raises questions as to the habitability of the known planets; however, the system remains the best candidate for potentially habitable planets. Aims. We address the possible existence of an undetected, lower mass planet inside the conservative HZ through the dynamical stability evolution of the system. This is important since recent studies consider planets c and d to be at the edges of the HZ, while the region in between might harbor a better candidate for habitability. These planets have a radial velocity contribution just below the measurement uncertainty, which would be the reason they have not been detected previously. Thus, our considered planetary masses are maximum masses for the undetected planet. Methods. Using reported planetary parameters of the three detected planets, we numerically integrate the system for 10 6 yr with mass-less test particles scattered inside the HZ. This specifies possible regions for stable orbits. We then integrate the system for 10 7 yr with a fourth lower mass planet inside the specified stability regions. Results. Our study found a high probability that stable systems occurred for a fourth planet of ~$2.5~M_{\oplus}$ with a semi-major axis between 0.11 AU and 0.21 AU and eccentricity between 0.01 and 0.25. In stable systems, the fourth planet had very little effect on the overall stability of the system. There, the dynamical evolution of the three detected planets was comparable to that of 3-planet models. The eccentricity of the undetected planet had small amplitude variations and its semi axis remained extremely stable. Thus, Gliese 581 remains a good candidate for future detection of habitable Earth-mass planets.
Bioaccumulation of chromium and nickel by fungal isolates from tannery effluent collection site from Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Aim: The aim of study was to analyze the physicochemical properties of tannery effluent and to isolate the promising fungi from heavy metals contaminated effluent to assess their metals accumulating abilities against chromium and nickel. Materials and Methods: The physiochemical parameters of tannery wastewater were analyzed. Aspergillus niger and Penicillium species were isolated and identified on the basis of their morphological and microscopic studies. The 6 heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg, and As) were analyzed through atomic absorption spectrometer from collected sample. Isolated fungal strains were assessed for their tolerance level against chromium and nickel heavy metals. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by well diffusion plate assays in Sabouraud dextrose agar medium. Bioaccumulation of chromium and nickel was determined on the basis of left metal ion concentration in aqueous medium. Results: Total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, and chloride were found to be 21300 mg/l, 1250 mg/l, and 740 mg/l, respectively. The pH and temperature of the wastewater were recorded to be 8.3 and 31°C, respectively. Dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand was found to be 2.72 mg/l, 3000 mg/l, and 3584 mg/l, respectively. The heavy metals such as nickel, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, and arsenic were found to be 0.280 mg/l, 0.478 mg/l, 0.006 mg/l, 0.0001 mg/l, 6.899 μg/l, and 0.790 μg/l, respectively. Aspergillus niger and Penicillium species were isolated and identified from the tannery effluent. A. niger tolerated 600 mg/l Cr and 100 mg/l Ni. Penicillium species tolerated up to 800 mg/l Cr and 400 mg/l Ni. Accumulation of A. niger at 25 mg/l aqueous medium of chromium was found to be 50.12%, at 50 mg/l 42.76%, at 100 mg/l 27.18% while Penicillium accumulation at 25 mg/l was 27.08%, at 50 mg/l 35.68%, at 100 mg/l 27.62%. In case of nickel accumulation of A. niger at 25 mg/l aqueous medium of nickel 66.64%, at 50 mg/l 37.70%, at 100 mg/l 34.47% while Penicillium accumulation at 25 mg/l 49.92%, at 50 mg/l 44.76%, at 100 mg/l 18.02%. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated the potential of these fungi in removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents containing higher concentration of heavy metals, namely, chromium and nickel. The further studies warranted to identify different fungi species capable of bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals.
The Bioavailability of Astaxanthin Is Dependent on Both the Source and the Isomeric Variants of the Molecule

Astaxanthin is a marine carotenoid that has a number of potential health benefits, including a very strong antioxidant potential. Present in the flesh of salmonids and shellfish, its natural sources currently on the market for food supplements come from the algae Haematococcus pluvialis and krill. However other natural sources can be found and may be of interest. Cellular uptake studies were performed on Caco-2/TC7 colonic cells. The cells were cultured on a semi-permeable membrane to create a polarized and functional epithelium, representative of the intestinal barrier. Four sources of astaxanthin were selected and compared; synthetic, natural extracts from bacteria, algae or yeast. Astaxanthin was incorporated at a concentration of 5ÂµM into mixed micelles and applied to cultured cells and concentration of astaxanthin measured by HPLC in both apical and basolateral compartments. Small variations in bioavailability were observed at 3 hours. After 6 hours, only the algae source of astaxanthin was still present in the apical compartment as the esterified form. Structure-activity relationships are further discussed. Animal experiments using yeast and algae sources in different types of matrices confirm the role of source and formulation in the bioavailability potential of astaxanthin.
Histopathological Study of Periapical Inflammation Following Preparation of the Root Canal with Conventional and Profile Rotary Instrumentation in Teeth of Cats

Statement of Problem: Various factors are involved in causing inflammation following root canal treatment. Controlling these factors may relieve the related pain. One of these factors is extrusion of debris beyond the apex. Although debris extrusion happens in all instrumentation techniques, researchers have declared that in coronal flaring technique, there is minimum debris extrusion. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the inflammation of periapical area following root canal therapy, using conventional and profile rotary instrumentation in cats' teeth, from a histopathological point of view. Materials and Methods: This experimental study conducted on thirty Persian one year old cats. Three groups of samples were chosen and treated with different methods. First group were prepared by step-back instrumentation technique using stainless steel Ktype files. Second group were prepared by crown down technique using Ni-Ti files. Third group were prepared using profile GT rotary system at 150-rpm speed. Animals were subjected to vital perfusion at 8, 24 & 48 hour intervals after instrumentation. The canine teeth were separated from the jaw along with some of the supporting structures. Then decalcification and laboratory processing were carried out and samples were evaluated histologically. Collected data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The results showed that in vital teeth with no evidence of periapical pathosis, the inflammation following various instrumentation methods was not statistically different. Conclusion: In vital teeth, the periapical inflammation following various methods of instrumentation is not statistically different.
A Resource-Based Approach to Development Policy Analysis A Cross-Country Analysis

Development is a complex transformation process. Some countries undergo such process rapidly and successfully, while others do not. We apply a resource-based approach to the analysis of growth and development, with the aim of understanding differences in growth patterns across countries and indentifying effective policies to stimulate growth. Based on existing theory and empirical evidence, we identify a set of key resources for growth, and develop a database for such resources covering 100 countries for the period 1960-2005. We then divide the countries into six groups based on their initial output and growth performance, and develop a System Dynamics model that provides a resource-based, endogenous explanation of differences in performance across groups. Results indicate that better performance results from initial advantages in terms of output and resources, but also due to different propensity to invest in such resources. We simulate alternative policy runs retrospectively. The results indicate that areas for effective intervention differ among the different groups of countries: Investment in human capital is particularly effective in lowincome countries; investment in infrastructure is most effective in high income countries; while a broader investment in all key resources is effective in the case of mid-income countries. Significant diversity exists across countries within each group. Therefore our results do not apply equally well to all the countries considered. We suggest that country-specific models be developed to support the identification of effective country-specific policies. Nevertheless, our results provide an alternative, resource-based perspective on growth and development issues, and points to some possible effective areas for interventions.
Combining ability studies for quantitative traits in Brassica juncea.

Combining ability was determined in an 8 × 8 F 1 diallel cross of Brassica juncea L. genotypes for various quantitative traits during 2010-2011 at the University of Agriculture, Pes hawar, Pakistan. Genotypes revealed highly significant (p≤0.01) differences for days to maturity, plant height, primary branches plant -1 , pods main raceme -1 and seed yield plant 1 while significant (p≤0.05) variations were noted for days to 50% flowering. According to combining ability analysis, mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) were significant (p≤0.01) for all the traits except days to 50% flowering and maturity. Mean squares due to specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal combining ability (RCA) were significant (p≤0.01) for all the traits except SCA mean squares for seed yield plant -1 . Mean squares due to RCA were even greater than GCA/SCA for some variables, and therefore maternal effects cannot be ignored. The variations among genotypes for earliness and plant height were controlled by non -additive gene action, while morphological and seed yield traits were governed by additive gene action. Genotypes MYT120, MYT124 and MYT105 and F 1 hybrids MYT117 × MYT123, MYT103× MYT124, MYT009 × MYT123, MYT123 × MYT009 and MYT117 × MYT113 were identified as best general and specific combiners and could be exploited through selection in early segregating populations. Results suggested the use of integrated breeding strategies which can effi ciently utilize the additive as well as non-additive genetic variations.
The effects of information asymmetry and government size on happiness: A case study from Japan

This paper uses individual-level data from Japan (2003) to examine the effects of government size and the disclosure of official government information on happiness. The major findings are as follows. (1) Disclosure of official information is positively associated with the happiness of workers, but not with that of non-workers. (2) Government size has a positive effect on the happiness of non-workers, but not with that of workers. Therefore, information asymmetry between government and citizens is thought to reduce the happiness of those who bear the cost of public service but does not affect the happiness of public service beneficiaries.
Institutional Logics and Critique in German Academic Science: Studying the Merger of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

»Institutionelle Logiken und Kritik im deutschen Feld der Wissenschaft. Eine Untersuchung des Fusionsprozesses des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie«. This contribution looks into changing institutional logics in the field of academic science in Germany using the case of the merger between the University of Karlsruhe and the Research Center Karlsruhe as an example. As a result of an ongoing process of critique, a new institutional logic of “organizational competition” was theorized over time that contradicted the dominant logic of “corporatist planning. ” The conditions for the merger case were 1) an increasing alignment and cooperation between both organizations as an outcome of the public critique of big science research institutes, and 2) the rise of a new institutional logic of organizational competition including the organizational implementation of a new management model of science, notably the concept of the "entrepreneurial university" (e.g. the MIT in the United States). After the merger had been decided, political activities shifted from a projective "mode of theorization" to a pragmatic "mode of negotiation. " The institutionalization of the new "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology" (KIT) was shaped by two competing logics: Whereas the state and the Helmholtz Society did not want to lose their influence, the new KIT was committed to the concept of the "entrepreneurial university" and thus to a higher degree of organizational autonomy and strategic management. The final outcome was a compromise built on a layered structure that combined pre-existing and new organizational structures.
Philadelphia-Negative Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia with ETV6-ABL1 Fusion Gene: A Case Report

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is typically characterized by the presence of Philadelphia chromosome, the product of reciprocal translocation between 9q34 and 22q11, resulting in generation of BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. In rare cases, another translocation involving 9q34 and 12p13, encoding ETV6-ABL1 fusion protein has been reported. Here we described a man with Philadelphia-negative CML but positive for the ETV6-ABL1 fusion gene. A 44-year-old gentleman was referred for hyperleucocytosis. Physical examination revealed lymphadenopathies and hepatosplenomegaly. The bone marrow examination was consistent with CML in chronic phase. Bone marrow cytogenetic displayed normal male chromosome. Molecular method using multiplex Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis capable of detecting 28 mutations, had only identified ETV6-ABL1 fusion gene, or translocation (9;12)(q34;p13). Cytoreductive and imatinib therapy were initiated. Unfortunately, he had poor response to this treatment; hence he was advised for allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The present case highlights the importance of molecular study in identifying the cryptic chromosomal translocation and the therapy resistance of ETV6-ABL1 -positive CML to imatinib