Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occupational Therapy targeting Physical Environmental Barriers in Buildings with Public Facilities

The main aim of this study was to evaluate an occupational therapy based intervention aimed at increasing the accessibility to buildings with public facilities in a Swedish town centre, which targeted physical environmental barriers. The intervention was occupational therapy advice based on the environmental assessments of each facility, given to the facility owners in order to ease the removal of environmental barriers. Another aim was to elucidate the attitudes towards and the practical obstacles to the implementation of accessibility measures among public facility owners. Systematic on-site observations of environmental barriers were administered in five buildings with different facilities, at baseline and at follow-up 18 months later, and were complemented by semi-structured interviews with the facility owners at follow-up. At baseline, environmental barriers were found in all five facilities, such as at entrances, and at follow-up only minor improvements were identified. Two of the facility owners had made use of the occupational therapy advice, but the results also revealed scarce knowledge of or negative attitudes towards accessibility measures. Much remains to be done when it comes to attitudes towards the inclusion of people with disabilities. Active occupational therapy, as described in this study, can influence the situation only to a limited extent. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate that there is knowledge to be gained through this kind of approach.
A Study on Drilling High-Strength CFRP Laminates: Frictional Heat and Cutting Temperature

High-strength carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have become popular materials to be utilized in the aerospace and automotive industries, due to their unique and superior mechanical properties. An understanding of cutting temperatures is rather important when dealing with high-strength CFRPs, since machining defects are likely to occur because of high temperatures (especially in the semi-closed drilling process). The friction behavior at the flank tool-workpiece interface when drilling CFRPs plays a vital role in the heat generation, which still remains poorly understood. The aim of this paper is to address the friction-induced heat based on two specially-designed tribometers to simulate different sliding velocities, similar to those occurring along the flank tool-work interface in drilling. The elastic recovery effect during the drilling process was considered during the tribo-drilling experiments. The drilling temperatures were calculated by the analytical model and verified by the in-situ experimental results gained using the embedded thermocouples into the drills. The results indicate that the magnitudes of the interfacial friction coefficients between the cemented carbide tool and the CFRP specimen are within the range between 0.135–0.168 under the examined conditions. Additionally, the friction caused by the plastic deformation and elastic recovery effects plays a dominant role when the sliding velocity increases. The findings in this paper point out the impact of the friction-induced heat and cutting parameters on the overall drilling temperature.
Mobile Phones in an Environment of Competing Survey Modes: Applying Metric for Evaluation of Costs and Errors

In recent years, mobile phones have become an increasingly important component in survey data collection. This holds true for self-administered questionnaires and particularly for interview surveys, where mobile phones enforce the combination with other survey modes. However, whether to include mobile phones in a particular survey design depends on complex cost—error relationships. To address this issue, the authors elaborate a metric—based on a product of costs and estimates of survey errors—that is then used for post survey comparison of design alternatives. The authors illustrate this approach with a simulation study using parameters from empirical research. The results show that such evaluation can potentially change the selection of the preferred design option compared to situations where only some of the components (e.g., response rate, nonresponse bias) are used for evaluation. More specifically, the decision about the inclusion of mobile phones predominantly depends on their bias-removing potential, while it is much less sensitive to changes in costs and other error parameters.
A2Net: Adjacent Aggregation Networks for Image Raindrop Removal

Existing methods for single images raindrop removal either have poor robustness or suffer from parameter burdens. In this paper, we propose a new Adjacent Aggregation Network (A2Net) with lightweight architectures to remove raindrops from single images. Instead of directly cascading convolutional layers, we design an adjacent aggregation architecture to better fuse features for rich representations generation, which can lead to high quality images reconstruction. To further simplify the learning process, we utilize a problem-specific knowledge to force the network focus on the luminance channel in the YUV color space instead of all RGB channels. By combining adjacent aggregating operation with color space transformation, the proposed A2Net can achieve state-of-the-art performances on raindrop removal with significant parameters reduction.
Bone Marrow Fat and Hematopoiesis

Bone marrow fat cells comprise the largest population of cells in the bone marrow cavity, a characteristic that has attracted the attention of scholars from different disciplines. The perception that bone marrow adipocytes are “inert space fillers” has been broken, and currently, bone marrow fat is unanimously considered to be the third largest fat depot, after subcutaneous fat and visceral fat. Bone marrow fat (BMF) acts as a metabolically active organ and plays an active role in energy storage, endocrine function, bone metabolism, and the bone metastasis of tumors. Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs), as a component of the bone marrow microenvironment, influence hematopoiesis through direct contact with cells and the secretion of adipocyte-derived factors. They also influence the progression of hematologic diseases such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and aplastic anemia, and may be a novel target when exploring treatments for related diseases in the future. Based on currently available data, this review describes the role of BMF in hematopoiesis as well as in the development of hematologic diseases.
Effects of lactic acid bacteria and molasses on fermentation dynamics, structural and nonstructural carbohydrate composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of rice straw silage

Objective This study was to evaluate the fermentation dynamics, structural and nonstructural carbohydrate composition and in vitro gas production of rice straw ensiled with lactic acid bacteria and molasses. Methods Fresh rice straw was ensiled in 1-L laboratory silos with no additive control (C), Lactobacillus plantarum (L), molasses (M) and molasses+Lactobacillus plantarum (ML) for 6, 15, 30, and 60 days. After storage, the silages were subjected to microbial and chemical analyses as well as the further in vitro fermentation trial. Results All additives increased lactic acid concentration, and reduced pH, dry matter (DM) loss and structural carbohydrate content relative to the control (p<0.05). The highest organic acid and residual sugar contents and lignocellulose reduction were observed in ML silage. L silage had the highest V-score with 88.10 followed by ML silage. L and ML silage improved in vitro DM digestibility as compared with other treatments, while in vitro neutral detergent fibre degradability (IVNDFD) was increased in M and ML silage (p<0.05). M silage significantly (p<0.05) increased propionic acid (PA) content and decreased butyric acid content and acetic acid/PA as well as 72-h cumulative gas production. Conclusion The application of ML was effective for improving both the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of rice straw silage. Inclusion with molasses to rice straw could reduce in vitro ruminal gas production.
Family factors related to obesity in Mexican‐American and Anglo preschool children

The relationship between family factors and obesity in Mexican-American and Anglo preschool children was investigated. The sample consisted of 377 mothers and their children; 189 were Mexican Americans and 188 were Anglos. Results indicated that Mexican-American children were heavier and were more likely to live in single parent families than Anglo children. Mothers of Mexican-American children were more overweight, were less educated, and had lower family income than the mothers of Anglo children. The results revealed that the family factors of socioeconomic status, marital status, and maternal body mass index are associated with obesity in children. Knowledge of these factors may help to identify children at risk for this serious public health problem.
A Web-Based Telemanagement System for Improving Disease Activity and Quality of Life in Patients With Complex Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background The reported efficacy of telemedicine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is inconsistent among studies, and data for complex IBD are lacking. Objective We aimed to evaluate the impact of remote monitoring using a Web system—Telemonitorización de la Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa or Telemonitoring of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (TECCU)—as compared to standard care and telephone care on health outcomes and health care in patients with complex IBD. Methods We performed a 3-arm randomized controlled trial. Adult patients with IBD who received immunosuppressants and biological agents were recruited from the IBD Unit of a tertiary university hospital. The patients were randomized into groups to receive remote monitoring (G_TECCU), nurse-assisted telephone care (G_NT), or standard care with in-person visits (G_control). All patients completed the study visits at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks in addition to each type of intervention. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients in remission at 24 weeks. Secondary health outcomes were quality of life, medication adherence, adverse effects, satisfaction, and social activities. Data on the number of outpatient visits and telephone calls, emergency visits, hospitalizations, IBD-related surgeries, and corticosteroid courses were also collected. Results A total of 63 patients were selected (21 patients in each group). During the study, 90.5% (19/21) of patients in G_control, 95.2% (20/21) in G_NT, and 85.7% (18/21) in G_TECCU were compliant to the intervention. After 24 weeks, the percentage of patients in remission was higher in G_TECCU (17/21, 81%) than in G_NT (14/21, 66.7%) and G_control (15/21, 71.4%). A higher improvement in disease activity was observed in G_TECCU than in G_control in terms of the Harvey-Bradshaw/Mayo (odds ratio=0.12, 95% CI=0.003-2.162, P=.19) and Harvey-Bradshaw/Walmsley (odds ratio=0.11, 95% CI=0.004-1.55, P=.13) indexes. Improvement in disease activity was associated with a larger reduction in fecal calprotectin values in G_TECCU compared to G_control (estimated intervention effect: odds ratio=–0.90; 95% CI=–1.96 to 0.16, P=.11). All completers adhered to treatment in G_TECCU. In addition, the quality of life, social activities, and satisfaction improved in all 3 groups. Although the number of outpatient visits and telephone calls was lower in G_TECCU than in G_NT and G_control, the safety profile was similar in all 3 groups. Conclusions This pilot clinical trial suggests that the TECCU Web-based system is a safe strategy for improving health outcomes in patients with complex IBD and reducing the use of health care resources. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02943538; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02943538 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/746CRRtDN).
[OECD 2007 장애정책 리뷰] Sickness, Disability and Work : Breaking the Barriers

본 과제는 노동부 국제협상팀에서 제112차 경제협력개발기구(OECD) 고용노동사회위원회(ILSAC) 정례회의 참석을 요청해 옴에 따라 회의의 주요 의제 자료인 ‘Sickness, Disability and Work : Breaking the Barriers, Vol. 2 호주, 룩셈부르크, 스페인, 영국’의 국가사례들을 요약 정리한 것이다. OECD의 분석에 따르면 최근 노동시장의 재구조화가 이루어지면서 핵심 일자리가 축소되고 노동 불안정성이 증가되는 부정적인 변화가 일어나고 있다고 한다. 이러한 변화는 ‘틈새직종(niche jobs)’의 상실과 엄격해진 근로조건, 근로 압력으로 인한 건강손상과 스트레스 증가, 병으로 인한 결근 휴직(sickness absence)의 증가 등의 2가지 경로를 통해 장애인구에 영향을 미친다고 한다. 이러한 문제는 노동시장의 문제를 의료적인 관점으로 환원하는 ‘medicalization of labor market problems’라는 새로운 현상을 야기시키고 있다. 즉 평균적인 건강 상태는 더욱 향상되고 있다고 보고되나 왜 더 많은 생산가능 인구들이 노동시장을 떠나 건강과 관련한 소득 보장에 의존하는가하는 문제에 직면시키고 있다 하는데, 이에 대해 호주, 룩셈부르크, 스페인, 영국의 장애보상체계와 고용정책을 면밀히 분석하여 비교 분석함으로써 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 결국 병으로 인한 결근, 휴직(sickness absence)의 증가나 장애보상수급은 장애인들의 객관적 혹은 주관적 건강지표와 무관하며, 오히려 국가의 장애정책과 경제적 사회현상에 좌우되는 사안이라고 주장하고 있다. 이와 관련하여 한국의 장애보상체계에 대한 검토와 향후 장애연금 도입 전망에 대한 의견을 제시하였다.
Lateral cartilage defects and medial subchondral surface ratio are associated with knee‐related disability

We sought to determine the relationship between (i) full‐thickness cartilage defects and tibiofemoral subchondral surface ratio (SSR) and (ii) disability and quality of life in patients with mild radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) (Kellgren‐Lawrence grade 2) or without radiographic OA (Kellgren‐Lawrence grades 0 or 1)? A total of 642 participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) with baseline knee MRIs and a Kellgren‐Lawrence grade 2 or less on both bilateral screening radiographs were included. The independent relationship was assessed between (i) full‐thickness cartilage defect presence and tibiofemoral SSR and (ii) Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) quality of life (QOL), KOOS function in sports and recreation (KOOS‐sport/rec), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) disability score after adjustment for relevant confounders with multivariate regression modeling. The prevalence of medial full‐thickness defects was 10.4% (67/642) and lateral was 18.1% (116/642). Lateral defect presence was associated with worse KOOS‐QOL (beta −3.61 SE 1.04; p = 0.001), KOOS‐sport/rec (beta −4.70 SE 1.38; p = 0.001) and WOMAC‐disability scores (beta 0.02 SE 0.01; p = 0.001); these associations were not influenced by defect size. A larger medial compartment SSR was associated with worse KOOS‐QOL (beta −27.20 SE 6.80; p < 0.001), KOOS‐sports/rec (beta −22.30 SE 9.01; p = 0.01) and WOMAC‐disability scores (beta 0.16 SE 0.04; p < 0.001). In older adults with little to no radiographic osteoarthritis, lateral full‐thickness cartilage defects, irrespective of size, and a larger medial compartment tibiofemoral SSR are potential sources of knee‐related symptoms that are not appreciated on standard radiographs. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:378–385, 2019.
Effect of Cerebellar Stimulation on Gait and Balance Recovery in Patients With Hemiparetic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Gait and balance impairment is associated with poorer functional recovery after stroke. The cerebellum is known to be strongly implicated in the functional reorganization of motor networks in patients with stroke, especially for gait and balance functions. Objective To determine whether cerebellar intermittent &thgr;-burst stimulation (CRB-iTBS) can improve balance and gait functions in patients with hemiparesis due to stroke. Design, Setting, Participants This randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled phase IIa trial investigated efficacy and safety of a 3-week treatment of CRB-iTBS coupled with physiotherapy in promoting gait and balance recovery in patients with stroke. Thirty-six patients with consecutive ischemic chronic stroke in the territory of the contralateral middle cerebral artery with hemiparesis were recruited from a neuro-rehabilitation hospital. Participants were screened and enrolled from March 2013 to June 2017. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Interventions Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with CRB-iTBS or sham iTBS applied over the cerebellar hemisphere ipsilateral to the affected body side immediately before physiotherapy daily during 3 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the between-group difference in change from baseline in the Berg Balance Scale. Secondary exploratory measures included the between-group difference in change from baseline in Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale, Barthel Index, and locomotion assessment with gait analysis and cortical activity measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation in combination with electroencephalogram. Results A total of 34 patients (mean [SD] age, 64 [11.3] years; 13 women [38.2%]) completed the study. Patients treated with CRB-iTBS, but not with sham iTBS, showed an improvement of gait and balance functions, as revealed by a pronounced increase in the mean (SE) Berg Balance Scale score (baseline: 34.5 [3.4]; 3 weeks after treatment: 43.4 [2.6]; 3 weeks after the end of treatment: 47.5 [1.8]; P < .001). No overall treatment-associated differences were noted in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (mean [SE], baseline: 163.8 [6.8]; 3 weeks after treatment: 171.1 [7.2]; 3 weeks after the end of treatment: 173.5 [6.9]; P > .05) and Barthel Index scores (mean [SE], baseline: 71.1 [4.92]; 3 weeks after treatment: 88.8 [2.1]; 3 weeks after the end of treatment: 92.2 [2.4]; P > .05). Patients treated with CRB-iTBS, but not sham iTBS, showed a reduction of step width at the gait analysis (mean [SE], baseline: 16.8 [4.8] cm; 3 weeks after treatment: 14.3 [6.2] cm; P < .05) and an increase of neural activity over the posterior parietal cortex. Conclusions and Relevance Cerebellar intermittent &thgr;-burst stimulation promotes gait and balance recovery in patients with stroke by acting on cerebello-cortical plasticity. These results are important to increase the level of independent walking and reduce the risk of falling. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03456362
Association between the Degree of Twin Birthweight Discordance and Perinatal Outcomes

Abstract Background Twin birthweight discordance is associated with adverse outcomes. Objective To determine what degree of twin birthweight discordance is associated with adverse outcomes. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of twins with vertex twin A delivered vaginally at 36 to 40 weeks (U.S. Vital Statistics Natality birth certificate registry data 2012–2014). The primary outcome was a composite of neonatal morbidity: 5-minute Apgar < 7, neonatal intensive care unit admission, neonatal mechanical ventilation > 6 hours, neonatal seizure, and/or neonatal transport to a higher level of care. Effect estimates were expressed as incidence rate and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) controlling for confounding using multivariate clustered analysis for between-pair effects, and multilevel random effect generalized estimating equation regressions to account for within-pair effects. We adjusted for sex discordance, breech delivery of the second twin, maternal race/ethnicity, nulliparity, age, marital status, obesity, and socioeconomic status. Results In comparison to birthweight discordance of ≤20%, aORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by weight discordance of the primary outcome among 27,276 twin deliveries were as follows: 20.01 to 25% (aOR: 1.46 [95% CI: 1.29–1.65]); 25.01 to 30% (aOR: 1.96 [95% CI: 1.68–2.29]); and 30.01 to 60% (aOR: 2.97 [95% CI: 2.52–3.50]). Conclusion Twin birthweight discordance >20% was associated with increased odds of adverse neonatal outcome.
Rattlesnakes: Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind

Laurence M. Klauber's magnum opus, Rattlesnakes , was first published in 1956. The second edition of this classical study of rattlesnakes contains much new material and the references have been brought up-to-date. This is the most outstanding book ever published about rattlesnakes. Indeed, few books about animals of medical importance contain the breadth or depth of knowledge about the subject found in Klauber's book. Rattlesnakes is a book that should appeal to physicians who treat venomous snakebites, to amateur and professional herpetologists, to nature lovers, and to researchers who work with animal venoms. There is a detailed discussion of rattlesnakes' fangs, venom glands, and venoms, as well as an account of the ecological distribution of rattlesnakes, snakebite statistics, the symptoms and aftereffects of the bite, and snakebite treatment. It is unfortunate that recent references about snakebite treatment were not incorporated into the text of the book, owing to Mr. Klauber's untimely
Wheeze and Food Allergies in Children Born via Cesarean Delivery: The Upstate KIDS Study

We examined whether cesarean delivery (CD) increased the risk of wheeze or food allergy in early childhood compared with vaginal delivery and whether these associations were mediated by breastfeeding. The study population was the Upstate KIDS cohort (2008-2010) of mothers and infants from the State of New York (excluding New York City). Infant's wheeze was reported by questionnaire every 4-6 months until 3 years of age, as were food allergies beginning at 8 months. Modified Poisson regression was used to compare risks of the outcomes according to mode of delivery (MOD). Potential confounders were identified a priori using directed acyclic graphs. Emergency CD (n = 1,356) was associated with elevated risk of wheeze, adjusting for pregnancy complications, maternal atopy, gestational age, birth weight, and smoking during pregnancy (risk ratio = 2.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.31, 4.66), and an increased risk of food allergy, adjusting for maternal atopy, prepregnancy body mass index, smoking during pregnancy, and parity (risk ratio = 3.02, 95% confidence interval: 1.26, 7.25). Neither outcome was significantly associated with planned CD (n = 1,565 infants). Breastfeeding mediated the association between MOD and wheeze but not food allergy. Other factors not associated with early-life microbial transfer, but relating to the development of the outcomes, might contribute to the association between MOD and wheeze/food allergy.
Pollen/Fruit Syndrome: Clinical Relevance of the Cypress Pollen Allergenic Gibberellin-Regulated Protein

A pollen/food-associated syndrome (PFAS) has been described between peach and cypress pollen. Cross-reactive allergens were characterized which belong to the Gibberellin-regulated protein (GRP) family, BP14 in cypress pollen and Pru p 7 in peach. GRP are small cationic protein with anti-microbial properties. A patient suffering from a peach/cypress syndrome was explored clinically and biologically using 2 types of immunoglobulin E (IgE) multiarray microchip, immunoblots and a basophil activation test to assess the clinical relevance of various extracts and purified allergens from fruits or cypress pollen. In addition to PR10 sensitization, the patient showed specific IgE to Pru p 7, BP14 and allergen from pomegranate. These last 3 allergens and allergenic sources are able to induce ex vivo basophil activation characterized by the monitoring of the expression of CD63 and CD203c, both cell surface markers correlated with a basophil mediator release. Up to 100% of cells expressed CD203c at 50 ng/mL of BP14 protein. In contrast, snakin-1, a GRP from potato sharing 82% sequence identity with Pru p 7 did not activate patient's basophils. These results strongly suggest that, like Pru p 7, BP14 is a clinically relevant allergenic GRP from pollen. Allergen members of this newly described protein family are good candidates for PFAS where no cross-reactive allergens have been characterized.
Referral Pattern of Patients to Psychiatry Department at Neuroscience Institute in Bangladesh

Background: Significant proportion of psychiatric illnesses has been reported in neurology inpatients and outpatients. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the referral pattern of patients to psychiatry department from different departments of National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINSH1(1):8-11