Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of flipped classroom empirical evidence from different fields: what are the gaps and future trends?

Purpose Despite the enhanced popularity of flipped classroom research, there is a lack of empirical evidence reported about the different impacts revealed by the implementation of this concept. Therefore, to respond to this issue, this study aims to review and analyze the trends and contents of flipped classroom research based on 48 studies recently published in 2017 and 2018. The analysis was based on flipped classroom impacts from various fields. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review and content analysis were used as a methodology to investigate positive impacts and challenges of flipped classroom implementation. Findings The results of the analysis were interpreted using descriptive analysis. Analysis of the impact revealed that the flipped classroom yielded positive impacts on students’ learning activities such as academic performance, learning motivation and/or engagement, social interaction and self-directed learning skills. Meanwhile, the most significant challenges encountered by the instructors is a lack of students’ motivation to watch the pre-recorded video lectures or to study the contents outside of the class time. Practical implications Several issues in this discussion become implications that can be taken into consideration for future research. The findings suggest that the flipped classroom concept might be effective in promoting the twenty-first century learning skills. Originality/value While highlighting the limitations of an ineffective flipped classroom implementation, this study proposes further recommendations for future research.
Increasing Energy Ration of Bali Cattle to Improve Digestible Nutrient, Milk Yield and Milk Quality

To determine the effect of energy levels on digestible nutrient, milk production and milk quality of 7 months pregnant Bali cattle, was the purpose of this study. The study was conducted in Bali, Province of Indonesia on 12 pregnant breeding phase of pre-calving (2 months before the birth) with the parent body weight 329-340 kg/head. The treatment given is four types of Metabolizable Energy (ME) levels: 2000, 2100, 2200 and 2300/kg respectively as treatment A, B, C, and D. All ration contain 10% of crude protein. Variables measured: energy intake, digestible nutrient, milk yield, and milk quality. This research is a randomized block design. The results showed that increase energy ration until 2300 kcal ME/kg would significantly (P<0.05) increase energy intake and highest at cattle consumed ratio D is 22239.55 kcal/day. However, digestible nutrient was not affected. Milk production increased with increasing energy rations and highest (P<0.05) at cattle received treatment D is 2179.83 ml/day compared to treatment A 936.67 ml/day. Milk fat and milk lactose also highest (P<0.05) in treatment D are 8.56% and 4.76% respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that increase energy ration will increase energy intake, milk yield and milk fat and milk lactose of Bali cattle.
A Study of the English Listening Comprehension Strategies Used by Female and Male Senior Secondary School Students in Edo State

One of the aims of this study was to find out the English listening comprehension strategies used by Female and Male Senior Secondary School Students in Edo State. From a population of four thousand eight hundred and fifty four (4854) Senior Secondary 1 students in public schools, a total of four hundred and forty-two (442) students constituted the sample size drawn through the stratified sampling and simple random techniques from four (4) sampled schools (Two All-girls and Two All-boys Schools). One instrument titled Listening Comprehension Strategy Questionnaire (LCSQ) adopted from Oxford (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) was used to collect the data for the study. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and t-test for independent sample. Results indicated that among the six strategy categories, Metacognitive strategies had the highest mean for both sexes. The Affective strategies had the lowest mean for the Males, while the Memory strategies had the least mean for the Females. It was also found that there is no significant difference between the English listening strategies used by Female and Male Senior Secondary School Students. It is recommended among others that teachers should engage Female students in tasks that will require more of their use of the Memory strategies and Male students tasks that will require more of their use of the Affective strategies. Keywords: Female, Male, Senior Secondary, Meta-cognitive strategies, Memory strategies, Affective strategies.
Think Aloud: An Examination of Tennis Players Acute Stress and Coping Strategies

Coping strategies have an influence on stress-related outcomes and appraisals, which can significantly affect athletic performance in an area which has increased in interest over the years, however limited research done in tennis. The aim of this study was to expand on previous literature examining a relationship between coping and stressors, and the influence upon athletic performance using Think Aloud. Eight competitive tennis players took part. Participants were instructed to verbalise their thoughts, following Level 2 verbalisation Think Aloud protocol (Ericsson and Simon, 1993) between points of a A¢Â€Âœfast fourA¢Â€Â competitive set of tennis. Audio-reports were recorded and data were transcribed verbatim, with data analysed as different themes of stressors and coping strategies. Results show that problem-focused coping was the most frequent for both winning and losing participants. Performance stressors were the most frequently reported appraisal for both groups. Different ranges of stressorappraisals were ultimately influenced by the score and stages of the match, affecting the coping strategy used. Think Aloud has been seen to be a reliable method, with an increase in validity compared to retrospective research, eliminating the amount of time between a stressful experience and the reporting. Findings and TA can aid psychologists and coaches in developing techniques and interventions to improve athletic performance.
Likelihood of Smallpox Recurrence

The 30 year anniversary of the eradication of smallpox was recently celebrated and represents a major achievement in international public health. However, the likelihood of re-introduction of eradicated diseases is expected to evolve with time, and warrants continued assessment. Using influence diagrams to structure the analysis, this paper seeks to systematically examine the various pathways that could lead to accidental or deliberate introduction of a novel or eradicated pathogen using smallpox as an example. The accidental reintroduction of smallpox may occur through three main pathways: Biosafety incident at a known repository, biosafety incident outside of a known repository, and environmental resurrection. The deliberate reintroduction can also be subdivided into three main pathways: Biosecurity incident at a known repository, illicit state biological weapons program, and synthesis using the tools of modern biotechnology. We conclude that the likelihood of recurrence of an eradicated agent, such as smallpox, is small, but ultimately unknown and expectedly increases with time primarily due to the rapid advancement of biotechnology.
Comparison of the long-term trends in stratospheric dynamics of four reanalyses

Abstract. Since the long-term trends of different atmospheric parameters have been already studied separately in many papers, this study is focused on the stratospheric wind (zonal and meridional components) and temperature over the whole globe at 10 hPa during 1979–2015. We present the trends for the whole winter (October–March), for each individual month of winter and separately for the period before and after the ozone trend turnaround during the mid-1990s. The change of ozone trends has a clear impact on trends in other investigated stratospheric parameters. Four reanalyses (MERRA, ERA-Interim, JRA-55 and NCEP-DOE) are used for comparison. Every grid point is analysed, not zonal averages. The comparison of trends in meridional wind, which is closely connected with Brewer–Dobson circulation, shows a good agreement for all four reanalyses (main features and amplitudes of the trends) in terms of winter averages, but there are some differences in individual months, particularly in trend amplitude. These results could be important for studying dynamics (transport) in the whole stratosphere.
The Compositional Diversity of Low-Mass Exoplanets

Low-mass planets have an extraordinarily diverse range of bulk compositions, from primarily rocky worlds to those with deep gaseous atmospheres. As techniques for measuring the masses of exoplanets advance the field toward the regime of rocky planets, from ultrashort orbital periods to Venus-like distances, we identify the bounds on planet compositions, where sizes and incident fluxes inform bulk planet properties. In some cases, the precision of measurement of planet masses and sizes is approaching the theoretical uncertainties in planet models. An emerging picture explains aspects of the diversity of low-mass planets, although some problems remain: Do extreme low-density, low-mass planets challenge models of atmospheric mass loss? Are planet sizes strictly separated by bulk composition? Why do some stellar characterizations differ between observational techniques? With the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite ( TESS) mission, low-mass exoplanets around the nearest stars will soon be discovered and characterized with unprecedented precision, permitting more detailed planetary modeling and atmospheric characterization of low-mass exoplanets than ever before. ▪ Following the Kepler mission, studies of exoplanetary compositions have entered the terrestrial regime. ▪ Low-mass planets have an extraordinary range of compositions, from Earth-like mixtures of rock and metal to mostly tenuous gas. ▪ The TESS mission will discover low-mass planets that can be studied in more detail than ever before.
Study on Aging and Recover of Poly (Lactic) Acid Composite Films with Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes Produced by Solution Blending and Extrusion

The aging, annealing, and reprocessing of the biodegradable poly (lactic) acid (PLA) based composite films incorporating graphene and carbon nanotubes were investigated in this work. Various monofiller and bifiller nanocomposite films with 6 wt. % filler content were produced by a solution-phase technique followed by extrusion. The freshly produced films were compared with the aged films after 18 months of shelf life in a room environment. The effects of aging, annealing, and melt reprocessing on the crystalline structure, the thermal stability, the hardness, and Young’s modulus were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), TGA, and nanoindentation methods. The fresh and the aged samples were found to have semi-crystalline materials with 3%–7% crystallinity, while the crystallinity was significantly enhanced to 34%–38% by annealing at 80 °C and subsequent slow cooling. A good dispersion was observed in the bifiller films with filler ratios of 4.5:1.5 and 1.5:4.5 [graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) to carbon nanotubes (CNT)], which affected the crystallization processes. The reprocessing at 200 °C followed by fast cooling resulted in amorphous films, which significantly reduced the hardness and Young’s modulus. The nanoindentation properties were dependent on the dispersion of nanofillers at the surfaces. The efficiency of annealing and reprocessing for the recovery and the reuse of aged nanocomposite films is discussed herein. The paper underlines that properties of the nanocomposites under investigation were influenced not only by the composition, the chemical nature of the added filler, and the processing condition, but also by the aging processes, which in turn depended on the type of nanopartcles added to PLA and the compositions. The paper provides valuable information for selection of material and processing conditions.
HUME AND ENDOGENOUS MONEY

David Hume’s monetary theory has three standard yet inconsistent readings. As a forefather of the quantity theory of money, Hume sees money as neutral. As an inflationist, Hume sees an active positive role for monetary policy. As a monetarist, Hume sees an active positive role for monetary policy only in the short run. This paper reads Hume consistently instead by showing that for Hume money is endogenous and demand-driven. Hume would read the money equation in terms of reverse causation and the co-movement of inflation and output growth as driven by demand. The tenets of 18th century monetary theory corroborate this reading.
EFFECT OF DROUGHT STRESS ON SUNFLOWER AGRONOMICAL TRAITS

* E-mail: nazary_agronomy86@yahoo.com ABSTRACT In many areas of Iran, the reproductive growth stage of sunflower is exposed to the drought stress. Therefore, the investigation of irrigation management in the farm was necessary for increasing irrigation efficiency and decreasing water loss. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of different amounts of super absorbent polymer (A200) and levels of drought stress on morphological characteristics, such as: head diameter, stem diameter, plant height, 100-seed weight, seed yield and physiological characteristics, such as: relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll concentration of sunflower (cv. Master) under farm conditions. The experiment was carried out as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. Three irrigation levels (irrigation after 6, 10 and 14 days) and five amounts of super absorbent polymer (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg/ha) were set as main and sub-factors, respectively. Polymer was added at the fourteen leaf stage of sunflower to soil in deepness of root development. At this same stage, drought stress was applied. Polynomial models of each traits based on the ANOVA were fitted. The results indicated that drought stress has decreased significantly all the measured traits. In this study, seed yield has shown a significant decrease. After 6 days, irrigation has resulted in higher yields than other irrigation intervals. The highest seed yield was related to 300 kg/ha polymer application and the lowest one was related to irrigation after 14 days with no application of polymer. Regarding the limitation of water resources, super absorbent polymer could be a useful strategy for the sustainability of yield under drought stress in sunflower.
Mountain Pine Beetle-Induced Changes to Selected Lodgepole Pine Fuel Complexes within the Intermountain Region

The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) is a forest insect that infests lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) forests in the Intermountain West. The often widespread mortality caused by the mountain pine beetle has been suggested to result in significant changes to stand structure, composition, and total fuel loading; however, little quantitative information that documents these changes is available. We examined mountain pine beetle-induced changes to ground, surface, and aerial fuels in lodgepole pine stands during current epidemics and 20 years after an epidemic. Results indicated that there were statistically significant increases in the amounts of fine surface fuels in recently infested stands, i.e., those stands 5 years past peak mortality. In the previously infested stands, there were large increases in the amounts of dead woody fuels in all but the smallest size classes, with a 7.8-fold increase in down woody fuels 7.62 cm in diameter. Live shrubs and the amount of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa Nutt.) regeneration were also significantly greater in the postepidemic stands. The net result of epidemic mountain pine beetle activity was a substantial change in species composition and a highly altered fuels complex in which large dead woody fuels and live surface fuels dominate. FOR . S CI. 53(4):507-518.
Response of Virginia (flue-cured) tobacco genotypes to water-deficit stress

The effect of prolonged water deficit on four Virginia (flue-cured) tobacco genotypes, Line 842, Oxford 207, RG11 and Virgin D, was analyzed in whole plants. Drought stress was induced by withholding irrigation and subjecting plants to low, moderate and severe regimes. Some growth indices such as fresh weight, plant growth rate, number, color and area of new developed leaves, as well as proline, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as a measure of oxidative stress were investigated to examine the role of genotype in water-deficit tolerance. Under stress, the weight of the aboveground parts of plants, plant growth height, number of new developed leaves and leaf area index decreased with the severity of treatment. The stressed plants accumulated more proline, malonildialdehide and hydrogen peroxide than control non-stressed plants under water-deficit conditions. The results showed that among the genotypes, Virgin D (VD) was the most sensitive to drought, while L 842 and Oxford 207 were moderately tolerant; RG11 was drought-tolerant. This suggests that the correlation between the physiological traits and level of antioxidative response exists and therefore it could be used as a rapid screening test to evaluate the drought tolerance of tobacco. DOI: 10.2298/ABS160202085S Received: February 2, 2016; Revised: May 27, 2016; Accepted: June 24, 2016; Published online: September 23, 2016 How to cite this article: Shtereva L, Stoimenova E, Drumeva-Yoncheva M, Michailova B, Kartzeva T, Vassilevska-Ivanova R. Response of Virginia (flue-cured) tobacco genotypes to water-deficit stress. Arch Biol Sci. 2017;69(1):119-27.
Factors associated with relapse of schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric illness with high rate of relapse. The worldwide prevalence of schizophrenia is about 1%. 1 In Bangladesh, prevalence of schizophrenia is found to be 2.4 per 1000 population in a study among rural population living adjacent to Dhaka city.2 The prevalence rate of schizophrenia in India was generally reported to be between 2 to 3 per 1000 population.3 In 1990, the direct and indirect costs of schizophrenia in United States of America (USA) were estimated to be $33 billion and treatment costs accounted for 25% of total health care expenditure.4
A CONTROLLED RELEASE MICROSPHERE FORMULATION OF AN ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MICROSPHERE

Objective: Here the objective of this study was to prepare and characterize sustained release metformin loaded microsphere formulation which was prepared by W1/O/W2 emulsion solvent evaporation technique.Methods: Guar gum and sodium alginate were used as a matrix building material, whereas ethyl cellulose was applied as a coating polymer. Here various formulations were prepared by changing the drug and guar gum ratio, and the subsequent drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and drug release were compared and evaluated.Results: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies revealed spherical particles with a smooth appearance. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed there was no interaction between the ingredients in the final formulation. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) studies showed the emergence of polymorphic forms in the final formulation. The drug entrapment in the final drug loaded microsphere formulations was varied from 30-66.78%. The drug release studies showed the continuous release of the drug through twelve hours. The optimized formulation (f2) found to release 71.5% of drugs at the end of the 12th hour following zero order release kinetics.Conclusion: The increase in gum concentration in the W1 phase, which enhances viscosity in the W1 phase, resulting in an increase in the drug entrapment up to an optimum level and a decrease in the release rate. So, it can prolong the action. So by using this tool, we can say that metformin loaded microsphere formulation would be a suitable pharmaceutical formulation for the treatment of diabetic patients in modern drug therapy for its prolonged action.
STUDY OF AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES OVER TWO SITES IN THE FOOTHILLS OF THE CENTRAL HIMALAYAS

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol possesses impacts on climate system and ecological environments, human health and agricultural productivity. The environment over Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau region are continuously degraded due to the transport of pollution from the foothills of the Himalayas; mostly the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). Thus, analysis of aerosol optical properties over two sites; Lumbini and Kathmandu (the southern slope of central Himalayas) using AERONET’s CIMEL sun photometer were conducted in this study. Aerosol optical depth (AOD at 500 nm), angstrom exponent (α or AE), volume size distribution (VSD), single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry parameter (AP) were studied for 2013–2014 and the average AOD was found to be: 0.64 ± 0.41 (Lumbini) and 0.45 ± 0.30 (Kathmandu). The average AE was found to be: 1.25 ± 0.24 and 1.26 ± 0.18 respectively for two sites. The relation between AOD and AE was used to discriminate the aerosol types over these sites which indicated anthropogenic, mixed and biomass burning origin aerosol constituted the major aerosol types in Lumbini and Kathmandu. A clear bi-modal distribution of aerosol volume size was observed with highest volume concentration during the post-monsoon season in fine mode and pre-monsoon season in coarse mode (Lumbini) and highest value over both modes during pre-monsoon season in Kathmandu. The single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry parameter (AP) analyses suggested aerosols over the Himalayan foothills sites are dominated by absorbing and anthropogenic aerosols from urban and industrial activities and biomass burning. Long-term studies are essential to understand and characterize the nature of aerosol over this research gap zone.