Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of planning time on the fluency , accuracy , and complexity of EFL learners ’ oral production

The provision of pre-task planning time for second language speech tasks holds some promise as a way to promote focus on form in tandem with meaning-focused instruction. This study explored the effect of planning time on EFL learners’ task-based oral performance. The participants were 52 Saudi high school students from Riyadh, divided randomly into experimental and control groups and asked to perform the task respectively with five minutes’ pre-task planning and without any planning time. The performances were recorded and transcribed to measure the fluency, accuracy and complexity of the speech production. T-test results showed that pre-task planning participants significantly outperformed the non-planners. Thus, this study indicated that when learners are given pre-task planning time they are able to produce more fluent, accurate, and complex language than those asked to start doing the task immediately, without planning time. The study did not find any evidence of trade-off competition between fluency, accuracy, and complexity. The study recommended that language learners need to be familiarized with planning time and teachers are required to be trained with planning time activities in order to get better gains. Overall, these results provided important pedagogical implications and suggested useful future research directions.
ePubWU Institutional Repository

Violent conflicts and social unrest in the Middle East, in Central Asia, and in Africa have led to growing numbers of persons seeking refuge in Europe since 2011. The phenomenon culminated in 2015. In that year, with 88,300 new asylum applications, Austria was the 4th largest receiver of asylum seekers in the EU, thereby increasing visibly religious diversity in the country. Using two social surveys carried out in 2015 and in 2017 among asylum seekers and refugees, we study religious affiliation, religiosity, and attitudes as well as participation in religious groups. By focusing on the time span shortly after arriving in Austria, we aim to shed light on first steps in the host society and the multi-layered roles of religion for participation and integration. We provide a comparison with the host society in terms of religious affiliation and religiosity, and discuss recent qualitative research on refugees and religiosity. Insights into the engagement of refugees in several activities related to religion or not are valuable to shed light on the multi-layered characteristics of the recent inflow of forced migrants in Austria.
SELF-ESTEEM AS A MEDIATOR OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING AND DEPRESSION 1

This research investigated how self-esteem affected the relationship between incongruent parenting style and symptoms of depression. A total of 400 emerging adults aged 18 to 25 years (M age = 20.37 years) from five universities in Malaysia completed a set of questionnaires. Analysis revealed correlations among the parental care, parental overprotection, self-esteem and depression irrespective of the congruency of maternal and paternal parenting style. Further analysis indicated that parental overprotection was strongly associated with experiencing symptoms of depression, and that this relationship effect was reduced when self-esteem was included in the model. This study indicates that self-esteem is a partial mediator of the relationship between parental overprotection and depression in emerging adults. The findings may be used in interventions designed to improve children’s emotional adjustment. The implications of the findings are discussed in depth.
Transforming growth factor-b induces vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression leading to lymphangiogenesis in rat unilateral ureteral obstruction

endothelial growth factor-C expression leading to lymphangiogenesis in rat unilateral ureteral obstruction Yasuhiro Suzuki, Yasuhiko Ito, Masashi Mizuno, Hiroshi Kinashi, Akiho Sawai, Yukihiro Noda, Tomohiro Mizuno, Hideaki Shimizu, Yoshiro Fujita, Katsuyuki Matsui, Shoichi Maruyama, Enyu Imai, Seiichi Matsuo and Yoshifumi Takei Department of Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Clinical Sciences and Neurosychopharmacology, Meijyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Chubu Rosai General Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Teikyo University, Kawasaki, Japan and Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
Logistic Problems Facing the Implementation of the Communicative Approach at Hebron Governorate ’ s High Schools

VIII خيثزعنا خغهنبث صخهي IX Chapter One: Introduction 1 1.1. Theoretical background. 3 1.1.1. Background. 3 1.1.2. Definition of the communicative approach. 4 1.1.3. Objective of the communicative approach. 4 1.1.4. Communicative competence. 5 1.1.4.1. Competence. 7 1.1.4.2. Performance. 8 1.2. Statement of the problem. 8 1.3. Purpose of the study. 8 1.4. Research questions. 9 1.5. Research hypotheses. 9 1.6. Significance of the study. 9
Triple test cross analysis for yield and its component traits in radish ( Raphanus sativus L . )

The success of vegetable breeding operations mainly depends upon the nature and extent of genetic components of variation. Thus it is imperative to have reliable estimates of such components in order to formulate an efficient breeding strategy. In the present study, the components of genetic variation were studied in MEW (Mino Early White) and PH (Pusa Himani) for quantitative characters. The estimates of both additive and dominance components were significant for all the characters except leaf weight, leaf length and days taken to maturity and leaf weight, leaf length and days taken to maturity were significant for only dominance component. Epistasis (i) type was significant in all the traits except root: top ratio, and days taken to maturity while as (j+l) type epistasis was found in all traits except root diameter (cm) and number of leaves. The degree of dominance (H/D) was in the range of over dominance for root yield/ plot (kg), gross root weight (g), root girth (cm), root diameter (cm), leaf length (cm), number of leaves and days taken to maturity where as the presence of partial dominance for days to root length (cm), leaf weight (g) and root: top ratio.
Didactic assessment over a final work of a master for mathematics teachers in service.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Didactic assessment over a final work of a master for mathematics teachers in service Adriana Breda, Luis Pino-Fan, Vicenç Font, Valderez Marina Do Rosário Lima
Critical Questions in Education 9 : 1 Winter 2018 3 The Grammar of “ Urban ” Schooling : Endemic Racism and Interest Convergence

We investigate 10-grade Latinx and African American high school students’ engagement in a reform-oriented curriculum designed to foster their critical social analysis of urban schooling. Students’ designs of “ideal schools” based on their studies of their neighborhoods largely reproduced existing inequitable structures and practices of schooling. Our study was spurred by the failure of this curriculum and pedagogy to move students to challenge traditional structures of schooling. The grammar of urban schooling, endemic racism, and interest convergence guided our study of students’ roles in appropriation of progressive reform and our understanding of the larger constraints within which this effort operated and that limited their critical responses.
Assessment of Bone Mineral Density in Psoriasis Patients without Arthritis

Calismamizda eklem tutulumu olmayan psoriasis hastalarinda kemik mineral yogunlugunu (KMY) degerlendirilerek saglikli kontrol grubu ile karsilastirmayi ve topikal kortikosteroid ve sistemik tedavi kullaniminin KMY uzerine etkisini gostermeyi amacladik. Calismaya hastanemiz dermatoloji poliklinigine basvuran 40 psoriasis hastasi ve 36 saglikli gonullu dahil edildi. Hasta ve kontrol grubunun lomber ve femur KMY olculdu. Psoriazis ve saglikli kontrol gruplarinda KMY acisindan istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir fark bulunmadi. Topikal ve sistemik tedavi alan psoriasisli hastalarin L1-L4 skorlari, femur KMY, L1-L4 BMD, femur Z, omurga Z ve kalsiyum degerleri karsilastirildiginda, istatistiksel olarak anlamli fark bulunmadi. Topikal tedavi alan grupta femur boynu T skoru, sistemik tedavi alan gruba gore anlamli olarak daha yuksekti. Hastalik suresi ve siddeti arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli fark yoktu. L1-L4 skorlari, L1-L4 BMD, omurga Z, kalsiyum degerleri, tirnak tutulumu ve tirnak tutulumu olmayan gruplar arasinda anlamli farklilik gostermedi. Ancak femur boynu, femur total ve femur Z skorlari tirnak tutulumu olan grupta tirnak tutulumu olmayan gruba gore anlamli olarak dusuktu. Bu calisma psoriasisli hastalarinda, KMY’nin saglikli kontrol grubundan farkli olmadigini gostermektedir .
A Review On Maize-Legume Intercropping For Enhancing The Productivity And Soil Fertility For Sustainable Agriculture In India

The availability of land for agriculture is shrinking every day as it is increasingly utilized for non-agricultural purposes. World population is growing exponentially and it has to fulfill their food requirements. Under this situation, one of the important strategies to increase agricultural output is the development of new high intensity cropping systems including intercropping systems. Intercropping is a type of mixed cropping and defined as the agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time. It increases in productivity per unit of land via better utilization of resources, minimizes the risks, reduces weed competition and stabilizes the yield. Several factors influence the intercropping such as maturity of crop, selection of compatible crop, planting density, time of planting as well as socio economic status of farmers and the region. In intercropping, land is effectively utilized and Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) is used to measure the productivity of land. Legume intercropping systems play a significant role in the efficient utilization of resources. Maize has reorganized as a component crop in most intercropping. Cereal-legume intercropping is a more productive and profitable cropping system in comparison with solitary cropping. Maize-legume intercropping systems are able to lessen amount of nutrients taken from the soil in comparison to maize. Moreover, intercropping improves soil fertility through atmospheric nitrogen fixation from atmosphere (150 tons/year) with the use of legumes, increases soil conservation through greater ground cover than sole cropping. In this study, the work carried out by various researches in maize based intercropping are discussed. This work would be useful to the researchers who involves in this field.
Cultivating conceptions of masculinity : Overall television use , genre viewing , and perceptions of norms regarding masculine gender roles

The potential of television to both reflect and shape cultural understandings of gender roles has long been the subject of social scientific inquiry. The present study employed survey methodology with 420 emerging adult respondents (aged 18 to 25) in a national U.S. sample to explore associations between amount of time spent viewing television and views about “ideal" masculine gender roles. The viewing of particular television genres was explored in addition to (and controlling for) overall amount of time spent with the medium, using cultivation theory as the theoretical foundation. Results showed significant statistical associations between viewing sitcoms, police and detective programs, sports, and reality television and scores on the Masculine Roles Norms Inventory-Revised scale. Biological sex of respondent (which very closely approximated gender identity in the sample) moderated a number of these relationships, with positive associations between viewing some genres and endorsement of traditional masculine gender roles stronger for biological male compared to biological female respondents.
Factors Influencing the Psychological Well-being of Residents in the Elderly Homes : A Path Analysis

In the early and later half of the twentieth century, traditional Indian society had the joint family system, the backbone of Indian cultural bondage and heritage, in which all used to live together as one big, happy family. The joint family system has tremendous potential for taking care of the elderly. It was considered a blessing to have elders in the family to set examples for the youngsters; their wealth of experience was indeed a blessing in times of crisis. A sense of belongingness prevailed in such joint family system, and values and virtues were inculcated into all members of the family (Devi & Murugesan, 2006). Many western cultures were amazed at the joint family system and such family establishment was quintessential of Indian culture and, indeed, it was an envy of many other cultures. However, most Indian families succumbed to modernization and globalization as an influence of Western culture and, eventually, the joint family tradition eroded away from Indian culture and tradition. Slowly and steadily, such revered custom and tradition of Indian culture almost vanished into thin air. The Western way of thinking and living has become prevalent all over India. Moreover, globalization has also shrunk the world. Higher education and technological advancement have created job opportunities for Indians across the globe and, eventually, all those who could afford it, moved out of the joint family norm for better living, looking for greener pastures. Many were able to see such lucrative opportunity for their own career advancement and better education for their children, and eventually moved away from their own kith and kin and started to live in metropolitan cities, some even moved away to Western countries in pursuit of happiness, better wages, and financial security. Under the pretext of looking for greener pastures, many families shifted from their joint family status to nuclear family culture, partially due to imitating the Western culture and its influences and partially due to the freedom it gave independent households, so as to earn better and save better. When children started separating from their parents and joint family traditions for better financial security, the casualties were the old and sick parents who were not able to live by themselves. Editors
Critical Social Work

The Western modern therapeutic model is grounded on social constructions of power relations and draws on religious legacies, such as the journey in quest of salvation. The journey is considered the most significant transformation that people can undergo in their lifetime. It is comprised of two significant elements: the confession and the professional discourse possessed by the therapist. Both the professional and the service-user are in danger of internalizing the power structures embedded in these practices and in losing their voice. The major challenge facing the professional and the service-user is that of creating an alternative discourse that can dismantle the professional discourse from the power structure in which it is embedded and portray alternative realities and multiple possible narratives. The aim of this study was to present an alternative reality in which professionals and clients can find their co-dance and evolve simultaneously, creating a new and relevant language that enables them to be active and mutually thrive. Practices of minority and nomadic consciousness are considered as suitable alternative therapeutic practices that resist the power structure of the Western late-modern therapeutic model.
Effect of double inoculation with endomycorrhizae and Trichoderma harzianum on the growth of carob plants

Inoculation of carob plants, Ceratonia siliqua, with endomycorrhizae has a significant effect on the growth of these plants. Indeed, the mean values of the length (61cm) and weight (57.85g) of the aerial part; the length (53.87cm) and weight (53.27g) of the root system, stem diameter (1.15cm) and the number of sheets (139.12) inoculated plants with mycorrhizal AM are higher than those inoculated simultaneously with the endomycorrhizae and Trichoderma harzianum (Tcomp) respectively, 56.12 cm, 44.47 g, 42.25 cm, 39.82g, 1.03cm, 130.37 and also those only inoculated with T. harzianum. Moreover, the frequency (98%) and the intensity (73%) of mycorrhization being higher in the level of the roots seedlings inoculated only with endomycorrhizae that those co-inoculated with mycorrhizae AM and T. harzianum, respectively 75% ; 56%. It seems therefore that T. harzianum reduced root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. The roots of seedlings inoculated only with T. harzianum and those of control plants showed no mycorrhizae. Mycorrhizal fungi did not prevent colonization of carob roots with T. harzianum, this fungus was re-isolated from the roots of the plants inoculated with Tcomp and those of co-inoculated with mycorrhizae and Tcomp. The study of morphological criteria of AM fungi spores isolated from the rhizosphere of plants inoculated with endomycorrhizae allowed us to identify 21 different species: 13 species belong to the genus Glomus, 4 to Acaulospora, 3 to Scutellospora and 2 to Gigaspora. For the plants co-inoculated with endomycorrhizae and T. harzianum, there is the presence of 18 species: 8 are belonging to the Glomus genus, 6 to Acaulospora, 3 to Scutellospora and only one species belongs to Pacispora.
Comparative studies of pigment and nutrient contents of various castor genotypes ( Kajian perbandingan pigmen dan kandungan nutrien dalam pelbagai genotip kastor )

The selection of castor genotypes is an important factor for better growth and development of eri silkworm (Philosamia ricini) for higher productivity in terms of cocoon yield. This study has been made to find out the pigment and nutrient content of leaves of various castor genotypes (non bloomy green (NBG), non bloomy red (NBR) and DCS-107, DCH-519, DCH-177). The chlorophyll-a was significantly higher in tender leaves of DCH-177 (0.52 mg/g); in middle leaves of DCS-107(0.48 mg/g) and in mature leaves of NBR (0.46 mg/g) and chlorophyll-b was significantly higher in tender leaves of NBG (0.69 mg/g); middle leave of DCH-177(0.87 mg/g) and in mature leaves of DCH-177 (0.82 mg/g). Carotenoid content was significantly higher in tender leaves of NBG and DCH-177(0.19 mg/g); in middle leaves of DCH177(0.18 mg/g) and also in the mature leaves of NBG (0.17 mg/g). The total protein and carbohydrate were highest in NBR (49.85 and15.87 g% respectively). The major nutrient content of castor genotypes viz. nitrogen, phosphorous, kalium were more in local NBR genotype in comparison to hybrid genotypes. The study reflects wide variability among different genotypes with respect to pigment and nutrient content.
Numerical analysis of the mean flow effect on the sound directivity pattern of cylindrical ducts

This paper presents a numerical investigation of the sound directivity pattern of normal modes radiated from the open end of a cylindrical pipe. A good agreement is found between the numerical results and the analytical predictions of the directivity pattern for an unflanged pipe in the absence and in the presence of a low Mach-number mean flow. The investigations are conducted by using an axisymmetric two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann model. The numerical model is first validated by comparing its directivity with the established analytical model by Levine and Schwinger [1] for the case of zero mean flow. Then the numerical results under the condition of mean flow with two different Mach numbers are compared with the analytical model by Gabard and Astley [2] and recent experimental observations by Gorazd et al [3]. The effects of the socalled zone of relative silence are observed in the results even for very low Mach number (M = 0.036).
Ignition and Burning Characteristics of Organic Soils

Surface fires in wetland ecosystems frequently ignite smoldering ground fires. Ground fires often create and maintain open, shallow marshes that contribute to ecosystem diversity. Fire exclusion, drainage, deforestation, and other human activities have altered the landscape patterns and ecosystem processes in wetlands. Land managers who recognize the ecological role of fire want to use it as a management tool in wetlands. Conflicts between concerns such as air quality and ecosystem management objectives limit the range of acceptable fire prescriptions. Land managers need information on ignition and burnout of organic soils to successfully use fire in wetlands and to make decisions abOut allocating resources for wildfires. In this paper we review the current state of knowledge on the ignition and burnout of organic soils and present initial results of laboratory ignition and smoldering experiments with soil samples collected from North Carolina pocosins and Alaska black spruce boreal forests. Initial results from a prescribed burn in Alaska are also presented and contrasted with duff from the Northern Rocky Mountains. Ignition tests were applied to black spruce and pocosin soil samples to determine the effect of soil moisture and mineral content on limits to ignition. Initial results for a range of inorganic contents indicate that pocosin soils will ignite at moisture contents from 25% to 100% higher than for peat moss and for feather moss from Alaska. The data suggest that bulk density and moisture content of organic materials may influence ignition and temperatures more than does soil origin. Temperatures observed in the combustion zone of prescribed fires and in laboratory burns of undisturbed soil cores are quite similar even for different organic materials. Soil temperature profiles (depth and magnitude of heating) are related to the duration of heating and the amount of organic material consumed. Lab and field data presented here are being used to validate and modify existing physical models that predict consumption of organic material and heat transfer into the soil. Citation: Hungerford, Roger D. , William H. Frandsen, and Kevin C. Ryan. 1995. Ignition and burning characteristics of organic soils. Pages 78-91 in Susan I. Cerulean and R. Todd Engstrom, eds. Fire in wetlands: a management perspective. Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, No. 19. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.