Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Raman spectra, normal modes and disorder in monoclinic tridymite and its higher temperature orthorhombic modification

The experimental Raman spectra of monoclinic tridymite and its higher temperature orthorhombic modification were successfully simulated with valence force fields applied to the X-ray determined structural parameters. The normal modes contributing to the corresponding Raman peaks in both the phases share essentially the same types of atomic displacements or bond deformations. In the modes with the wave numbers between 100 and 600 cm−1, predominant are the librations of Si-O-Si planes around Si-Si lines, being followed by bending of Si-O-Si or O-Si-O angles. The librational motions of SiO4 units around Si appear in the modes below 100 cm−1. Significant bond stretching and compression appear in the modes with wave numbers higher than 700 cm−1: the deformations are classified into 10 types, 7 for Si-O-Si and 3 for SiO4. Some modes in the highest frequency group between 1150 and 1250 cm−1 show symmetric bond stretching and compression of SiO4 units, while those between 1000 and 1150 cm−1 antisymmetric stretching and compression of Si-O-Si. A low-frequency normal mode is identified to have the polarization vectors of O atoms, which are nearly parallel with the largest principal axes of their thermal ellipsoids. A disorder model is presented to account for the extremely large mean square displacements of O atoms, and a possibility is suggested for the normal mode to boost the hopping of the SiO4 units between the two orientations.
Adolescents' Avoidance of Secondhand Smoke Exposure

More than half of young adolescents, 13 to 15 years old, suffer exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home and in public places. Despite threats to adolescent health and well-being, little research has been done to identify factors that enable adolescents to avoid SHS. The objective of this study was to develop a model to predict SHS avoidance behavior among young adolescents. The impact of gender differences on predictor variances was investigated. Model testing was conducted using structural equation modeling on data from 1,291 nonsmoking Taiwanese middle school students. Attitude toward SHS is an important factor influencing the avoidance behavior of adolescents. The explanatory model of SHS avoidance behaviors provides useful information for program development aimed at decreasing adolescent exposure to SHS. Interventions focused on influencing adolescent attitudes toward SHS and supporting avoidance self-efficacy are needed.
Evolution of cytochrome oxidase, an enzyme older than atmospheric oxygen.

Cytochrome oxidase is a key enzyme in aerobic metabolism. All the recorded eubacterial (domain Bacteria) and archaebacterial (Archaea) sequences of subunits 1 and 2 of this protein complex have been used for a comprehensive evolutionary analysis. The phylogenetic trees reveal several processes of gene duplication. Some of these are ancient, having occurred in the common ancestor of Bacteria and Archaea, whereas others have occurred in specific lines of Bacteria. We show that eubacterial quinol oxidase was derived from cytochrome c oxidase in Gram‐positive bacteria and that archaebacterial quinol oxidase has an independent origin. A considerable amount of evidence suggests that Proteobacteria (Purple bacteria) acquired quinol oxidase through a lateral gene transfer from Gram‐positive bacteria. The prevalent hypothesis that aerobic metabolism arose several times in evolution after oxygenic photosynthesis, is not sustained by two aspects of the molecular data. First, cytochrome oxidase was present in the common ancestor of Archaea and Bacteria whereas oxygenic photosynthesis appeared in Bacteria. Second, an extant cytochrome oxidase in nitrogen‐fixing bacteria shows that aerobic metabolism is possible in an environment with a very low level of oxygen, such as the root nodules of leguminous plants. Therefore, we propose that aerobic metabolism in organisms with cytochrome oxidase has a monophyletic and ancient origin, prior to the appearance of eubacterial oxygenic photosynthetic organisms.
Optimal Cross-Layer Design of Wireless Fading Multi-Hop Networks

The last decade has brought a rapid growth in demand for fast and error-resilient telecommunication services. In accordance with this growth, broadband wireless networks have become an integral part of the global communication infrastructure. Provisioning of quality-of-service (QoS) in broadband wireless networks requires coping with the challenges brought by the wireless interface, and allocating resources available at different layers among nodes, links, and end-to-end connections. Nonlinear optimization tools have been successfully adopted to analyze and design algorithms that fulfill such requirements; see e.g., [12, 18, 35, 53] and references therein. Optimal network designs are obtained by formulating a constrained optimization problem involving variables from different layers, and by exploiting information about the wireless channel. Solving such optimization problems dictates how resources are allocated across different layers, while network control protocols follow from the algorithms used for this solution. One of the most challenging issues to cope with in designing optimal cross-layer resource allocation schemes for wireless networks is the presence of fading. Fading renders wireless channels random, degrades the communication performance, and leads to location-dependent and time-varying link capacities. As a result, cross-layer schemes are required to account for the fading nature of the channel, and implement mechanisms to deal with it. Such schemes should be able to effectively exploit the diversity provided by the channel, and adapt the resource allocation to the channel state information (CSI) available. Capitalizing on optimization theory and stochastic approximation tools, this chapter deals with channel-adaptive algorithms that allocate resources at transport, network, link, and physical layers. These algorithms emerge from the solution of constrained optimization problems that take into account the QoS, the interaction among layers, and the CSI available. The model describing the multi-hop wireless network as well as its most relevant operating conditions are as follows. Nodes receive packets from the application layer intended for different destinations. Flow control and routing decisions respond to packet arrivals, and the long-term average end-to-end rates entail different utility levels. At the link layer, two different models are considered, whereby nodes access either orthogonally or non-orthogonally a set of parallel flat fading channels. Orthogonal here means that if a terminal is transmitting, no other link interfering with this transmission can be active;
Combined Modality Intervention for ADHD With Comorbid Reading Disorders: A Proof of Concept Study

To evaluate the relative efficacy of two reading programs with and without adjunctive stimulant medication for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid reading disorder (ADHD+RD). Sixty-five children (7–11 years in age) were assigned randomly to one of three intensive remedial academic programs (phonologically or strategy-based reading instruction, or general academic strategy and social skills training) in combination with either immediate-release methylphenidate or placebo. Multiple-blind procedures were used for medication/placebo, given twice daily. Children received 35 hours of instruction in 10 weeks, taught by a trained teacher in a separate school classroom, in small matched groups of 2 to 3. Children’s behavior and reading abilities were assessed before and after intervention. Stimulant medication produced expected beneficial effects on hyperactive/impulsive behavioral symptoms (reported by classroom teachers) but none on reading. Children receiving a reading program showed greater gains than controls on multiple standardized measures of reading and related skills (regardless of medication status). Small sample sizes precluded interpretation of possible potentiating effects of stimulant medication on reading skills taught in particular reading programs. Intensive reading instruction, regardless of treatment with stimulant medication, may be efficacious in improving reading problems in children with ADHD+RD and warrants further investigation in a large-scale study.
Peppermint Productivity and Oil Composition as a Function of Nitrogen, Growth Stage, and Harvest Time

124 Agronomy Journa l • Volume 102 , I s sue 1 • 2010 Published in Agron. J. 102:124–128 (2010) Published online 23 Nov. 2009 doi:10.2134/agronj2009.0256 Copyright © 2010 by the American Society of Agronomy, 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. P is grown for commercial production of peppermint essential oil, for production of peppermint dry leaves, or for the fresh herb market (Lawrence, 2006; Mustjatse, 1985; Topalov, 1989). Peppermint essential oil is a major aromatic agent used extensively in chewing gum, toothpaste, mouth washes, pharmaceuticals, and confectionary and aromatherapy products (Lawrence, 2006; Topalov, 1989; Mint Industry Research Council, 2009). Commercial production of peppermint essential oil is concentrated in the northwestern United States, where long days and cooler nights promote monoterpene synthesis and accumulation (Burbott and Loomis, 1967; Lawrence, 2006). Current understanding is that large commercial production of peppermint may not be successful south of the 40th to 41st parallel (Johnson, 2001) because of the shorter days (<15 h) in the summer and the inability of peppermint to form fl owers under short days (Langston and Leopold, 1954; Burbott and Loomis, 1967). However, the U.S. essential oil industry has been looking to expand mint production areas in the South due to the decline of peppermint production areas in Idaho and the northwestern United States due to expanding corn acreage. Th e peppermint essential oil production in the United States decreased 19.4% from 3.1 million kg in 2007 to 2.5 million kg in 2008 (National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2009). However, there is no prior research on peppermint productivity, essential oil content, and composition in the southeastern United States. Th e objective of this study was to evaluate the eff ect of N (0, 80, and 160 kg/ha), growth stage (bud formation and fl owering), and cut (fi rst cut in mid-July, and the second cut beginning of October) on peppermint biomass yield, oil content, and oil composition.
ERCC1基因多态性与晚期非小细胞肺癌患者铂类化疗疗效的关系

背景与目的 有关ERCC1基因多态性是否影响接受含铂化疗的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者疗效及生存的研究结果不相一致。 本研究前瞻性研究90例接受含铂方案化疗的初治晚期非小细胞肺癌患者ERCC1基因C8092A和第118位密码子多态性与疗效的关系。 方法 全部患者均接受含铂联合方案化疗，采用测序法对患者基因型进行分型，比较不同基因型与疗效的关系。 结果 ERCC1 C8092A基因型频率分别为CC 40.0%（36/90）、CA 48.9%（44/90）、AA 11.1%（10/90），第118密码子基因型频率分别为CC 58.9%（53/90）、CT 34.4%（31/90）、TT 6.7%（6/90）。 C8092A CC基因型有效率与CA、AA基因型无统计学差异（33.3% vs 29.6%, P=0.71），ERCC1 118 CC基因型患者有效率与CT和TT基因型无统计学差异（32.1% vs 24.3%, P=0.43）。 C8092A CC基因型患者与CA和AA基因型PFS无统计学差异（5. 2个月vs 5. 4个月，P=0.62），ERCC1 118CC基因型患者CT和TT基因型PFS无统计学差异（5. 5个月vs 5. 3个月，P=0.59）。 结论 ERCC1 C8092A、118多态性可能与晚期非小细胞肺癌患者铂类化疗疗效无明显相关性。
Dynamic Tensor Clustering

Abstract Dynamic tensor data are becoming prevalent in numerous applications. Existing tensor clustering methods either fail to account for the dynamic nature of the data, or are inapplicable to a general-order tensor. There is also a gap between statistical guarantee and computational efficiency for existing tensor clustering solutions. In this article, we propose a new dynamic tensor clustering method that works for a general-order dynamic tensor, and enjoys both strong statistical guarantee and high computational efficiency. Our proposal is based on a new structured tensor factorization that encourages both sparsity and smoothness in parameters along the specified tensor modes. Computationally, we develop a highly efficient optimization algorithm that benefits from substantial dimension reduction. Theoretically, we first establish a nonasymptotic error bound for the estimator from the structured tensor factorization. Built upon this error bound, we then derive the rate of convergence of the estimated cluster centers, and show that the estimated clusters recover the true cluster structures with high probability. Moreover, our proposed method can be naturally extended to co-clustering of multiple modes of the tensor data. The efficacy of our method is illustrated through simulations and a brain dynamic functional connectivity analysis from an autism spectrum disorder study. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Provisional chapter Sleep Disturbances in PTSD

Stress-induced alterations in sleep have been linked to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sleep complaints and disturbances in arousal are continuing symptoms in patients. PTSD-related changes in sleep have not been fully characterized but involve persistent disturbances in both rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS). PTSD is considered a disorder of the fear circuitry, which includes the amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate, hippocampus, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Currently, several animal models are used to examine the underlying neurobiology of PTSD; however, sleep has been characterized in only a limited number of models. Intense conditioned fear training, which may best model PTSD in rodents, can produce reductions in REMS as well as alterations in NREMS that may vary with mouse and rat strains. The amygdala, a central region in current concepts of PTSD, plays significant roles in regulating the stress response and changes in stress-induced alterations in arousal and sleep. This chapter reviews sleeprelated findings in patients with PTSD and in animal experimental paradigms currently utilized to model the disorder, as well as the neurobiology that has been linked to disturbed sleep in PTSD. It will also discuss the impact of PTSD treatments on sleep disturbances.
DRARS, A Dynamic Risk-Aware Recommender System

The vast amount of information generated and maintained everyday by information systems and their users leads to the increasingly important concern of overload information. In this context, traditional recommender systems provide relevant information to the users. Nevertheless, with the recent dissemination of mobile devices (smartphones and tablets), there is a gradual user migration to the use of pervasive computing environments. The problem with the traditional recommendation approaches is that they do not utilize all available information for producing recommendations. More contextual parameters could be used in the recommendation process to result in more accurate recommendations. Context-Aware Recommender Systems (CARS) combine characteristics from context-aware systems and recommender systems in order to provide personalized recommendations to users in ubiquitous environments. In this perspective where everything about the user is dynamic, his/her content and his/her environment, two main issues have to be addressed: i) How to consider content dynamicity? and ii) How to avoid disturbing the user in risky situations? In response to these problems, we have developed a dynamic risk sensitive recommen- dation system called DRARS (Dynamic Risk-Aware Recommender System), which model the context-aware recommendation as a bandit problem. This system combines a content-based technique and a contextual bandit algorithm. We have shown that DRARS improves the Upper Condence Bound (UCB) policy, the currently available best algorithm, by calculating the most optimal exploration value to maintain a trade-o between exploration and exploitation based on the risk level of the current user's situation. We conducted experiments in an industrial context with real data and real users and we have shown that taking into account the risk level of users' situations signi cantly increased the performance of the recommender systems.
Tufted angioma (angioblastoma): case report and review of 41 cases in the Japanese literature

We report a 53‐year‐old man with a 2‐year history of a violaceous indurated plaque on the shoulder. Although angiosarcoma was clinically suspected, histological examination revealed numerous lobules (‘tufts’) with cleft‐like vascular lumina throughout the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Tumour cells had no nuclear atypia and were positive for CD34, but almost negative for factor VIII‐related antigen. These findings were compatible with a diagnosis of tufted angioma, or angioblastoma. We reviewed 41 cases reported in Japan and found that, although most patients presented during the first year of life (23/41), the condition does occur throughout childhood and adult life. Both sexes are affected equally and, contrary to some reports, it is unlikely that oestrogens have a pathogenic role.
Concealment of type 1 diabetes at work in Finland: a mixed-method study

Objectives To explore the possible reasons for concealing type 1 diabetes (T1D) at work. Methods The main set of data came from a cross-sectional survey (response rate 49.3%), the participants of which were 688 wage earners with T1D. Concealment of T1D was measured by asking respondents have they ever during their working career hidden their diabetes from their (A) colleagues and (B) line manager. Furthermore, semistructured interviews (n=20) were conducted to obtain deeper understanding. Questionnaire data were analysed using logistic regression analyses and qualitative interviews with inductive thematic analysis. Results About 30% of wage earners with T1D had concealed their condition during their working career from their colleagues and almost 20% from their line manager. Individuals aged 18–44 years age were more likely to conceal their T1D from their colleagues than older workers during their working career. Not disclosing T1D to the extended family (OR 5.24 (95% CI 2.06 to 13.35)), feeling an outsider at work (OR 2.47 (95% CI 1.58 to 3.84)), being embarrassed by receiving special attention at work (OR 1.99 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.96)) and neglecting treatment at work (OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.48)) were all associated with concealment of T1D from colleagues. The youngest age group of 18–24 years were more likely to conceal their T1D from their line managers than the older age groups during their working career. Not disclosing T1D to the extended family (OR 4.41 (95% CI 1.72 to 11.32)), feeling like an outsider at work (OR 2.51 (1.52 to 4.14)) and being embarrassed by receiving special attention at work (OR 1.81 (95% CI 1.13 to 2.91)) were associated with concealment of T1D from line managers. From the interviews, five main themes related to concealment emerged, expressing fears related to the consequences of telling: (1) being perceived as weak, (2) job discrimination, (3) unwanted attention, (4) being seen as a person who uses their T1D for seeking advantages and (5) losing privacy. Conclusions A considerable proportion of wage earners with T1D are concealing their diagnosis often because of feelings associated with stigma. Both overemphasis and underestimation of T1D at work by the colleagues or line manager may lead to concealing T1D and may thus be harmful to self-management of T1D. The obstacles in disclosing T1D might be diminished by giving adequate information at the workplace about the condition and its significance.
Abnormal and personality correlates of certainty.

Measures of degree, extremeness and adequacy of certainty in recall and recognition were obtained from neurotics and schizophrenics. The memory tests concerned were presented under conditions of short and long exposure time. With fairly high repeat-reliabilities and non-significant between test variations, certainty varied considerably and systematically with the conditions employed. Similarly, differentiation between the two groups of patients was dependent upon the same conditions. Personality questionnaires, completed by the neurotics, provided the following main results. No consistent or significant results were obtained with a scale of neuroticism. Extra version correlated significantly with certainty only under conditions described as low in ambiguity. The most significant results were obtained with two scales intended to assess “motivational intensity”, one of which measuring extreme response set. The regression of certainty on these variables was curvilinear under conditions of low ambiguity and linear for ambiguous conditions. Results were analysed mainly from three points of view: to find conditions suitable for the measurement of certainty, to create independent criteria of certainty and to assess the relative interaction of various personality questionnaire scores with certainty.
A Comparison of Student Outcomes Following Problem‐Based Learning Instruction Versus Traditional Lecture Learning in a Graduate Pharmacology Course

Purpose To determine if there would be a difference in students' performance and level of satisfaction when taught pharmacology in a problem‐based learning format as compared to traditional lecture format. Data Sources Control (n = 12) and experimental (n = 10) group means for middle‐of‐term examina‐tions, final examinations, end‐of‐course numerical averages, and numerical scores of satisfaction were analyzed with at test for statistically significant differences. Conclusions There was no significant difference between groups for any of the items measured, suggesting that problem‐based learning and traditional lecture format may be equally effective course delivery methods. Replication with a larger sample is recom‐mended. Implications The small sample size precludes generalizing results to the entire population, but outcomes of this pilot study suggest that problem‐based learning may be at least as effective as traditional lecture and should be explored in larger studies.
Correlation of Cellular Immune Responses with Protection against Culture-Confirmed Influenza Virus in Young Children

ABSTRACT The highly sensitive gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay permits the investigation of the role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in the protection of young children against influenza. Preliminary studies of young children confirmed that the IFN-γ ELISPOT assay was a more sensitive measure of influenza memory immune responses than serum antibody and that among seronegative children aged 6 to <36 months, an intranasal dose of 107 fluorescent focus units (FFU) of a live attenuated influenza virus vaccine (CAIV-T) elicited substantial CMI responses. A commercial inactivated influenza virus vaccine elicited CMI responses only in children with some previous exposure to related influenza viruses as determined by detectable antibody levels prevaccination. The role of CMI in actual protection against community-acquired, culture-confirmed clinical influenza by CAIV-T was investigated in a large randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-ranging efficacy trial with 2,172 children aged 6 to <36 months in the Philippines and Thailand. The estimated protection curve indicated that the majority of infants and young children with ≥100 spot-forming cells/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were protected against clinical influenza, establishing a possible target level of CMI for future influenza vaccine development. The ELISPOT assay for IFN-γ is a sensitive and reproducible measure of CMI and memory immune responses and contributes to establishing requirements for the future development of vaccines against influenza, especially those used for children.