Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuraminidase of 2007–2008 Influenza A(H1N1) Viruses Shows Increased Affinity for Sialic Acids Due to the D344N Substitution

Background During the 2007–2008 season, A(H1N1) viruses naturally resistant to oseltamivir due to an H275Y substitution in the neuraminidase emerged and spread in the human population. The neuraminidase of 2007–2008 A(H1N1) viruses has an increased affinity for sialic acids as compared with the N1 of previously circulating viruses. Methods Using site-directed mutagenesis analysis and an enzymatic assay on cells transiently expressing the viral neuraminidase, the amino acid changes that could account for the particular enzymatic properties of the neuraminidase of 2007–2008 A(H1N1) viruses were explored. The affinity for the substrate (K m ) and the inhibition constants for inhibitors (K i ) were determined for wild-type and mutated neuraminidases. Reverse genetics was used to produce 6:2 reassortant viruses expressing haemagglutinin and neuraminidase derived from A(H1N1) viruses of the 2007–2008 season or from a previously circulating H1N1 virus, in an A/WSN/33 background. Results The D344N substitution characteristic of the N1 of 2007–2008 A(H1N1) viruses was identified as a major determinant of its increased affinity for sialic acids. According to the viral plaque phenotype of the 6:2 reas-sortant viruses, the H275Y mutation was deleterious when the surface glycoproteins were derived from the H1N1 virus isolated in 2004, but not when they were derived from A(H1N1) viruses of the 2007–2008 season. Conclusions The D344N substitution, by modifying the enzymatic property of the N1, may have favoured the emergence and spread of viruses naturally resistant to oseltamivir.
First angle-resolved photoelectron measurements following inner-shell resonant excitation in a singly charged ion.

We have measured the angular distribution of electrons emitted in the autoionization of the giant resonance 3{ital p}{sup 6}4{ital s}{sup 2}{ital S}{r_arrow}[{beta}{ital p}{sup 5}3{ital d}{sup 1}({ital P})4{ital s}]{sup 2}{ital P} in Ca{sup +} ions over the profile of the resonance. The absolute value of the asymmetry parameter we have determined at the top of the resonance is {beta}=1.89{plus_minus}0.13, suggesting that {ital LS} coupling remains a good approximation for the description of this ionic resonance. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }
Facial palsy in acute otitis media.

During the 17-year period from 1977 to 1994 a total of 23 patients in Copenhagen County were admitted to hospital with facial palsy, developed during acute otitis media. This corresponds to an annual incidence of 2.3 per million inhabitants. In the pre-antibiotic era it was estimated that 0.5% of patients with acute otitis media developed facial palsy. Our figures indicate a decrease of this complication by a factor of 100, to 0.005%. Although fourteen of the patients were children, the risk of an acute otitis media being complicated by facial palsy seems to be highest in adults (who have a low incidence of acute otitis media). All the children were < or = 3 years of age and 2/3 of the adults > or = 50 years of age. Complete remission was seen in all patients, except one. The time interval to complete remission was correlated significantly with the degree of the facial palsy on admission, as it was longest in the most severe facial palsies.
Neisseria Species Identification Assay for the Confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae-Positive Results of the COBAS Amplicor PCR

ABSTRACT Screening assays for Neisseria gonorrhoeae exhibit low positive predictive values, particularly in low-prevalence populations. A new real-time PCR assay that detects and identifies individual Neisseria spp. using melt curve analysis was compared to two previously published supplementary assays. NsppID, a 16S rRNA real-time PCR/melt curve assay developed to distinguish N. gonorrhoeae from other Neisseria spp. , was compared to real-time PCR assays targeting genes reportedly specific for N. gonorrhoeae, the cppB gene and the porA pseudogene. A total of 408 clinical specimens (324 female endocervical swabs and 84 male urine or urogenital swab specimens) were screened using the COBAS Amplicor assay for Chlamydia trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae (CT/NG) (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) followed by confirmatory testing via real-time PCR. The NsppID assay detected Neisseria spp. in 150/181 COBAS-positive specimens (82%), including six dual infections, and identified N. gonorrhoeae in 102 (56%) specimens. Sixty-nine of 181 (38%) specimens were positive for N. gonorrhoeae by porA pseudogene, and 115/181 (64%) were positive for cppB. However, cppB was also positive in 15% of COBAS-negative specimens, more than either NsppID (4%) or porA pseudogene (2%) assays. The porA pseudogene assay had the highest specificity for both genders but the lowest sensitivity, especially in female specimens. NsppID had a slightly lower specificity but greater sensitivity and overall accuracy. The least desirable confirmatory assay was cppB, due to poor specificity. The NsppID assay is an accurate confirmatory assay for N. gonorrhoeae detection. In addition, the NsppID assay can identify the non-N. gonorrhoeae species responsible for the majority of false-positive results from the COBAS Amplicor CT/NG assay.
Selenite Induces Posttranscriptional Blockade of HLA-E Expression and Sensitizes Tumor Cells to CD94/NKG2A-Positive NK Cells

CD94/NKG2A is an inhibitory receptor that controls the activity of a large proportion of human NK cells following interactions with the nonclassical HLA class Ib molecule HLA-E expressed on target cells. In this study, we show that selenite (SeO32−), an inorganic selenium compound, induces an almost complete loss of cell surface expression of HLA-E on tumor cells of various origins. Selenite abrogated the HLA-E expression at a posttranscriptional level, since selenite exposure led to a dose-dependent decrease in cellular HLA-E protein expression whereas the mRNA levels remained intact. The loss of HLA-E expression following selenite treatment was associated with decreased levels of intracellular free thiols in the tumor cells, suggesting that the reduced HLA-E protein synthesis was caused by oxidative stress. Indeed, HLA-E expression and the level of free thiols remained intact following treatment with selenomethionine, a selenium compound that does not generate oxidative stress. Loss of HLA-E expression, but not of total HLA class I expression, on tumor cells resulted in increased susceptibility to CD94/NK group 2A-positive NK cells. Our results suggest that selenite may be used to potentiate the anti-tumor cytotoxicity in settings of NK cell-based immunotherapies.
Does Precautionary Savings Drive the Real Interest Rate? Evidence from the Stock Market⇤

We document a strong and robust relationship between the one-year real rate and the valuation of high-volatility stocks, which we contend measures precautionary savings motives. Our novel proxy for precautionary savings explains 41% of the variation in the real rate. In addition, the real rate forecasts returns on the low-minus-high volatility portfolio but has little relation to observable measures of the quantity of risk. These results suggest that precautionary savings motives, and thus the real rate, are driven by time-varying attitudes towards risk. Our findings are difficult to rationalize in models with perfect risk sharing and highlight the role that imperfect diversification plays in determining interest rates. We also explore the implications of our findings for monetary policy, arguing that precautionary savings motives should be included in assessing the natural real rate. ⇤We thank Michael Brennan (discussant), John Campbell, Robert Engle, Xavier Gabaix, Espen Henriksen (discussant), Bryan Kelly, Hanno Lustig (discussant), Thomas Maurer (discussant), Monika Piazzesi, Robert Ready (discussant), Martin Schneider, Andrei Shleifer, Jeremy Stein, Luis Viceira, and seminar participants at the BI-SHoF Conference 2017, CEF 2017, CITE 2017, SITE 2017, FRBSF conference on Advances in Finance Research 2017, London School of Economics, Federal Reserve Board, University of British Columbia, University of Indiana, SFS Cavalcade, and HEC-McGill Winter Finance Workshop for helpful comments. The Online Appendix to the paper can be found here and the Data Appendix can be found here. †Pflueger: University of British Columbia. E-mail: carolin.pflueger@sauder.ubc. ca ‡Siriwardane: Harvard Business School. E-mail: esiriwardane@hbs.edu. §Sunderam: Harvard Business School and NBER. E-mail: asunderam@hbs.edu.
[Transthoracic needle biopsy].

IN spite of several earlier attempts to develop a safe and reliable method, needle biopsy of pulmonary lesions has not become generally accepted in the diagnosis of lung diseases. Complications such as life-threatening bleedings, infection, air embolism and pneumothorax were probably the main reasons for this. In 1960 a critical investigation was made of the possible reasons for the unsuccessful attempts up to that time, among which unsatisfactory roentgen-diagnostic technics and equipment, and probably to some extent inappropriate instruments, seemed to have been important. In systematic attempts to develop a reliable method, about 2000 biopsies have been performed at the .
Correlates of Recent and Lifetime Aggression among Veterans with Co-Occurring PTSD and Substance Use Disorders.

OBJECTIVE Aggressive behavior is strongly associated with both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUD) among civilians. However, little research has examined correlates of aggression among Veterans with co-occurring PTSD and SUD. METHODS This exploratory study examined the prevalence and correlates of recent (i.e., past 30 days) and lifetime aggressive behavior among a sample of U.S. Veterans (N=97) enrolled in a study examining integrated psychosocial treatment of co-occurring PTSD/SUD. RESULTS The findings revealed high rates of recent and lifetime aggressive behaviors (39.2% and 57.7%, respectively). Participants who endorsed recent aggressive behaviors were younger, had less education, more severe PTSD numbing and hyperarousal symptoms, were more likely to report recent suicidal ideation, more frequent alcohol and marijuana use, had higher rates of physical and sexual abuse, greater combat exposure, and more severe aftermath of battle experiences. Participants who endorsed lifetime aggression were younger, reported more total PTSD symptom severity, PTSD re-experiencing severity, depression severity, and fewer post-deployment stressors compared to those who did not. Logistic regression analyses indicated that education and number of drinking days were correlated with recent aggression while depression and post-deployment stressors were correlated with lifetime aggression. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate high rates of aggressive behaviors among Veterans with PTSD/SUD, as well as clinically relevant correlates of aggressive behaviors. Although preliminary, the findings suggest potential targets for improving assessment and treatment of Veterans with PTSD/SUD.
Residence time of di ¡ usewaves in the crust as a physical interpretation of coda Q : application to seismograms recorded inMexico

L.Margerin, M. Campillo, N.M. Shapiro and B. vanTiggelen 1Laboratoire de Gëophysique Interne et Tectonophysique, Observatoire de Grenoble, Universitë Joseph Fourier,BP 53, 38041Grenoble Cedex, France. E-mail: lmarger@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr 2 Instituto de Geof|̈sica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mëxico, CU, 04510Mëxico, DF, Mexico 3Laboratoire de Physique etModëlisation des Syste© mes Condensës,Maison desMagiste© res Jean Perrin, CNRS, BP 66, 38042Grenoble Cedex, France
Diffusion-Based Clock Synchronization for Molecular Communication Under Inverse Gaussian Distribution

Nanonetworks are expected to expand the capabilities of individual nanomachines by allowing them to cooperate and share information by molecular communication. The information molecules are released by the transmitter nanomachine and diffuse across the aqueous channel as a Brownian motion holding the feature of a strong random movement with a large propagation delay. In order to ensure an effective real-time cooperation, it is necessary to keep the clock synchronized among the nanomachines in the nanonetwork. This paper proposes a model on a two-way message exchange mechanism with the molecular propagation delay based on the inverse Gaussian distribution. The clock offset and clock skew are estimated by the maximum-likelihood estimation. Simulation results by MATLAB show that the mean square errors of the estimated clock offsets and clock skews can be reduced and converge with a number of rounds of message exchanges. The comparison of the proposed scheme with a clock synchronization method based on symmetrical propagation delay demonstrates that our proposed scheme can achieve better performance in terms of accuracy.
Resveratrol is a selective human cytochrome P450 1A1 inhibitor.

Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin compound found in juice and wine produced from dark-skinned grape cultivars and reported to have anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. To investigate the mechanism of anticarcinogenic activities of resveratrol, the effects on cytochrome P450 (P450) were determined in human liver microsomes and Escherichia coli membranes coexpressing human P450 1A1 or P450 1A2 with human NADPH-P450 reductase (bicistronic expression system). Resveratrol slightly inhibited ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) activity in human liver microsomes with an IC(50) of 1.1 mM. Interestingly, resveratrol exhibited potent inhibition of human P450 1A1 in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50) of 23 microM for EROD and IC(50) of 11 microM for methoxyresorufin O-demethylation (MROD). However, the inhibition of human P450 1A2 by resveratrol was not so strong (IC(50) 1.2 mM for EROD and 580 microM for MROD). Resveratrol showed over 50-fold selectivity for P450 1A1 over P450 1A2. The activities of human NADPH-P450 reductase were not significantly changed by resveratrol. In a human P450 1A1/reductase bicistronic expression system, resveratrol inhibited human P450 1A1 activity in a mixed-type inhibition (competitive-noncompetitive) with a K(i) values of 9 and 89 microM. These results suggest that resveratrol is a selective human P450 1A1 inhibitor, and may be considered for use as a strong cancer chemopreventive agent in humans.
Influence of Gamification on Students' Motivation in using E-Learning Applications Based on the Motivational Design Model

Students’ motivation is an important factor in ensuring the success of e-learning implementation. In order to ensure students is motivated to use e-learning, motivational design has been used during the development process of e-learning applications. The use of gamification in learning context can help to increase student motivation. The ARCS+G model of motivational design is used as a guide for the gamification of learning. This study focuses on the influence of gamification on students’ motivation in using e-learning applications based on the ARCS+G model. Data from the Instructional Materials Motivation Scale used, were gathered and analysed for comparison of two groups (one control and one experimental) in attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction categories. Based on analysis of the result, students from the experimental group are more motivated to use e-learning applications compared with the controlled group. This proves that gamification affect students’ motivation when used in e-learning applications.
Bereavement and spiritual change.

The thesis of this article is that bereavement is a life crisis that challenges one's assumptions about human existence and provides the grounds for spiritual change. Construing a new understanding of the meaning of human existence and revising assumptions about one's place in the universe is a singular form that indicates spiritual change at work. Three aspects must be present for a life crisis to produce spiritual change: The situation must create a psychological imbalance or disequilibrium that resists readily being stabilized; there must be time for reflection; and the person's life must forever afterwards be colored by the crisis. The premise of this article links spiritual change to what J.W. Fowler (1981) termed transformed faith consciousness and argues that the dual process model of coping with loss (M.S. Stroebe & H. Schut, 1995; M.S. Stroebe, H. Schut, & W.A. Stroebe, 1995; M.S. Stroebe, H. Schut, & J. Van Den Bout, 1994) provides a means to understand how dealing with grief can evoke spiritual change. Some brief case examples are used to examine the thesis that bereavement triggers spiritual change.
Asymmetry between ON and OFF α ganglion cells of mouse retina: integration of signal and noise from synaptic inputs

Bipolar and amacrine cells presynaptic to the ON sustained α cell of mouse retina provide currents with a higher signal‐to‐noise power ratio (SNR) than those presynaptic to the OFF sustained α cell. Yet the ON cell loses proportionately more SNR from synaptic inputs to spike output than the OFF cell does. The higher SNR of ON bipolar cells at the beginning of the ON pathway compensates for losses incurred by the ON ganglion cell, and improves the processing of positive contrasts.
EXCELLA First-in-Man (FIM) study: safety and efficacy of novolimus-eluting stent in de novo coronary lesions.

AIMS First generation DES have markedly reduced restenosis. However, there is a major interest in developing new DES with greater flexibility, radiopacity and safety profile. The Elixir Medical drug eluting stent is a novel DES that combines a chromium-cobalt platform with novolimus (an antiproliferative sirolimus-analogue drug) and a polymer from the methacrylate family. As potential advantages, it provides a lower drug dose as compared to Cypher (85 microg of novolimus vs. 140 microg of sirolimus) and therefore has a lower polymer load. We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this novel device in reducing neointimal hyperplasia as assessed by QCA and IVUS. METHODS AND RESULTS In April 2007 a consecutive cohort of patients with de novo lesions < or = 14 mm in length, located in native coronaries of diameter from 3.0 to 3.5 mm were consecutively enrolled in this First-in-Man study (FIM). By protocol, angiography and IVUS would be done at baseline and repeated at four and eight months. Dual anti-platelet therapy was maintained for a minimum of 12 months. The primary endpoint was QCA lumen loss at 4-month follow-up. Secondary endpoints included MACE, in-stent neointimal obstruction by IVUS and device success. A total of 15 patients were included with 67% female patients and diabetes was detected in 47% of the cohort. Angiographic and procedural success was achieved in all patients. At 4-month angiographic follow-up there was in-stent late lumen loss (0.15 +/- 0.29 mm) by QCA and % volume obstruction (2.6 +/- 2.6) by IVUS. The angiographic in-stent late lumen loss results at eight months were 0.31 +/- 0.25 mm and % volume obstruction by IVUS was 6.0 +/- 4.4%. Late incomplete stent apposition (ISA) were not observed among these patients and no MACE was evidenced through nine month clinical follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In this FIM study, implantation of the novolimus-eluting stent was proven to be feasible, safe and elicited minimum neointimal proliferation. Additional large clinical trials should be considered to confirm these promising results.
Astrocytes in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence that take up a fluorescent dye from the circulation express leptin receptors and neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors

Following systemic injection, several different dyes and markers are found to accumulate rapidly in cells in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence, and the capillaries in this region appear specialised for exchange of molecules. The present study used hydroxystilbamidine (FluoroGold equivalent) to identify cells that take up molecules from the circulation in these regions; 2–6 h following injection, uptake was seen in the external and intermediate zones of the median eminence and the adjacent ventral part of the arcuate nucleus, but not in other regions of the hypothalamus. The labelled cells were small; double‐labelling experiments revealed that they expressed glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), but not NeuN, Agouti‐related protein (AgRP) or β‐endorphin. They had the morphology of astrocytes and were readily distinguished from tanycytes by staining for vimentin. Many of these labelled astrocytes also expressed leptin receptors and neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors. The surrounding neurons that expressed these receptors did not take up this dye. This demonstrates that astrocytes take up molecules from the circulation in the median eminence and adjacent arcuate nucleus, and may have a significant signalling role in regulation of food intake. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk Factors Associated With Iatrogenic Opioid and Benzodiazepine Withdrawal in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Model*

Objectives: Analgesia and sedation are common therapies in pediatric critical care, and rapid titration of these medications is associated with iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome. We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify all common and salient risk factors associated with iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome and build a conceptual model of iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome risk in critically ill pediatric patients. Data Sources: Multiple databases, including PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Clinical Trials, were searched using relevant terms from January 1, 1980, to August 1, 2014. Study Selection: Articles were included if they were published in English and discussed iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome following either opioid or benzodiazepine therapy in children in acute or intensive care settings. Articles were excluded if subjects were neonates born to opioid- or benzodiazepine-dependent mothers, children diagnosed as substance abusers, or subjects with cancer-related pain; if data about opioid or benzodiazepine treatment were not specified; or if primary data were not reported. Data Extraction: In total, 1,395 articles were evaluated, 33 of which met the inclusion criteria. To facilitate analysis, all opioid and/or benzodiazepine doses were converted to morphine or midazolam equivalents, respectively. A table of evidence was developed for qualitative analysis of common themes, providing a framework for the construction of a conceptual model. The strongest risk factors associated with iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome include duration of therapy and cumulative dose. Additionally, evidence exists linking patient, process, and system factors in the development of iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome. Findings: Most articles were prospective observational or interventional studies. Conclusions: Given the state of existing evidence, well-designed prospective studies are required to better characterize iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in critically ill pediatric patients. This review provides data to support the construction of a conceptual model of iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome risk that, if supported, could be useful in guiding future research.
Self-tuning control based on generalized minimum variance criterion

Abstract The stability of adaptive control systems has been studied extensively for minimum phase systems, mainly for model reference adaptive systems, but complete stability proof for non-minimum phase systems have not been given. In this paper, the stability of two types of self-tuning controllers for discrete time minimum and non-minimum phase plants is studied, namely: recursive estimation of the implicit self-tuning controller parameters based on generalized minimum variance criterion (REGMVC), and another based on generalized minimum variance criterion - β equivalent control approach (REGMVC-β). Stability of the algorithms are proved by the Lyapunov theory.