Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survival of free and microencapsulated human-derived oral probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei SD 1 in orange and aloe vera juices

Microencapsulation was evaluated as a means of preserving Lactobacillus paracasei SD1, a human-derived strain with probiotic potential, in orange and aloe vera juices. The microencapsulation parameters included alginate concentration, calcium chloride concentration and hardening-time, and the efficacy of microencapsulation to preserve the survival of microencapsulated bacteria compared to free cells during exposure in fruit juices were determined. The results revealed that the viable count of free-cell form markedly decreased compared to microencapsulated form. The microencapsulation of 2% alginate (w/v) and 0.05 M CaCl2 gave the best result to preserve the probiotic. It was found that viability of microencapsulated probiotic bacteria was significantly higher than free-cell in fruit juices during 8 weeks of storage time in the refrigerator. The potential probiotic trait related to inhibitory effect was not affected after microencapsulation process. In summary, the microencapsulation method may be an alternative way of preserving the viability of probiotic L. paracasei SD1.
Effect of high altitude exposure on spermatogenesis in male military personnel

Objective: To investigate changes in semen quality of Chinese military servicemen at different altitudes. Study design: Randomized controlled study. Military servicemen aged between 18 and 25 years who had resided in a region for 2 to 3 years were recruited between 2008 and 2012. Main parameters included semen routine; semen volume (mL), sperm density (10 million/mL) and total sperm count (10 million); sperm vitality: grade A (%), grade A+B (%) and grade A+B+C (%). Results: The Ganbala group had the lowest semen volume (2.72 mL), which was significantly lower than that of the other 3 groups. The sperm density in the Ganbala group (33.89×106/mL) was markedly lower than that of the other three groups. The total sperm count was the lowest in the Golmud group (80.61×106). The percentage of grade A sperms in the Lhasa group (12.04%) and the Ganbala group (12.31%) was significantly lower than that of the Golmud group (18.63%) and Chengdu group (18.73%). The percentage of grade A+B sperms in the Lhasa group (24.50%) and the Ganbala group (24.93%) was significantly lower than that of the Golmud group (29.35%) and Chengdu group (30.54%). Conclusion High altitude (> 3650 m) has marked impact on semen quality.
Some obstacles that affect the TQM implementation in Bangladeshi RMG Sector : An empirical study

This paper empirically examines the TQM obstacles faced by the managers of RMG sector in Bangladesh. Now a day, the demand for quality improvement of the product has been raised to cope with the challenges in marketplaces. TQM implementation has already shown a positive attitude towards quality improvement. As a result, Bangladeshi RMG firms are trying to implement TQM in their organizations. Unfortunately, they are not able to implement TQM in their organizations. To determine the exact obstacles, two–pronged approached are used: first, an extensive literature review has been conducted to find out the obstacles of TQM implementation and second, data have been collected from some selected Bangladeshi RMG firms. 25 obstacles have been identified so far. Finally, five obstacles have been selected for empirical test according to the expert’s opinion. The findings of this study suggest that, the most important barriers are lack of: top-management commitment to quality, focus on customer, continuous improvement, quality management practice, and knowledge about quality cost. This study is unique in terms of investigating TQM obstacles in this sector. Therefore, this paper can contribute to meet an urgent need of successful implementation of TQM in Bangladesh and other developing countries in the world.
S COMBINATORIAL COUNTING STRATEGIES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO MATHEMATICAL COUNTING PRINCIPLES

This paper reports about selected findings from a qualitative study with third graders. The study’s main goals were to identify how children solve combinatorial counting problems and to gain insights into the relationship between their strategies and mathematical ideas. Three counting strategies are presented and discussed with respect to their conceptual differences and similarities to combinatorial counting principles.
THE VERY FLEXIBLE AIRCRAFTS AND ALBATROSS FLIGHT

This paper presents an investigation to the characteristics and the aerodynamic performance of very flexible aircrafts (VFA), as well as provides several control strategies to change the shapes actively. Comparisons are made in terms of aerodynamic performance of different shapes of VFAs which are induced from albatross fight. The notion that to fly a VFA like an albatross is discussed based on the feasibility and deformation strategies.
Around the Jacobian Conjecture The Jacobian Conjecture for free groups , a generalization of Duistermaat-Van der Kallen in dimension one , and classifying Mathieu-Zhao spaces of finite rings

This thesis contains various results surrounding the Jacobian Conjecture. The first chapter is concerned with the Jacobian Conjecture for free groups, which is essentially a worked-out proof of [2]. Then we fast-forward in time by about 35 years and discuss the notion of Mathieu-Zhao spaces, first introduced by Zhao after noticing similarities between various conjectures implying the Jacobian Conjecture, including the Mathieu Conjecture. For the history about this, see [7]. On this subject a proof of a generalized version of Duistermaat and Van der Kallen’s theorem (which in itself is the abelian version of the Mathieu Conjecture) in one dimension is given, based on joint work with Van den Essen. The last subject in this thesis are the first steps in classifying all MZ-spaces of finite commutative rings with identity.
Non-grant Micro nance , Incentives and E ciency

I show that charging interest on funds provided by donors or investors to micro nance institutions (MFIs) can increase e ciency, the total number of loans and borrower welfare, compared to grant or concessionary funding. In a setting in which MFIs supply costly noncontractible e ort, putting a price or raising the price of loanable funds strengthens the MFIs' incentives to put e ort in credit administration or monitoring, to extend more loans, and/or reduce overhead costs. This theoretical result is robust to several variations of the benchmark model allowing for an endogenous lending rate, motivated MFIs and endogenous overhead costs.
Petrological Evidence for Dehydration Melting of UHP Metamorphic Rocks during Continental Collision in the Sulu Orogen

Anatexis of high-pressure (HP) and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks has great bearing on tectonothermal evolution of continental collision zones and crust-mantle interaction as well as crust recycling in orogenic belts (e.g., Hermann et al., 2001; Labrousse et al., 2011). Because even small fractions of melts can significantly reduce the rock strength (e.g., Rosenberg and Handy, 2005), the anatexis of UHP rocks at mantle depths can promote exhumation of deeply subducted continental slices along subduction channel toward shallow levels (e.g., Wallis et al., 2005; Labrousse et al., 2011; Zheng, 2012). Therefore, it is intriguing to elucidate the temporal-spatial relationships, P-T conditions and mechanisms of anatexis that occurred in various UHP metamorphic rocks. As the deeply subducted continental crust is generally old, cold and dry compared to the oceanic crust, fluidinduced arc magmatism during subduction does not develop above continental subduction zones (Zheng, 2012). Instead, synexhumation anatexis of UHP slices has been identified in many continental subduction zones, including Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt in east-central China (Zheng et al., 2011). While it is easy to identify large-scale anatexis of UHP metamorphic rocks by field occurrence of synexhumation and postcollisional graniticigneous rocks, it is hard to recognize small-scale anatexis at the scales of hand specimen and thin section. In such cases, microstructural analysis is a powerful tool to help identify the possible occurrence of crustal anatexis (e.g., Holness and Sawyer, 2008; Holness et al., 2011). The Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt contains one of the largest and best exposed UHP metamorphic terranes on Earth (e.g., Zheng et al., 2003, 2009). This study focuses on petrological evidence for anatexis of UHP quartzite, granitic gneiss and eclogite in the southwestern part of the Sulu orogen. 2 Petrological evidence for anatexis
UTILIZATION OF THE KISHORI SHAKTI YOJANA SERVICES BY THE ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN URBAN SLUM OF MUMBAI

Objectives: Kishori Shakti Yojana, a programme under the Integrated Child Development Scheme aims to improve nutritional status of the girls and empower the adolescent girls through life skills education. The aim of the study was to assess the utilization of the Kishori Shakti Yojana by the adolescent girls and identify reasons for non-participation. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study in urban slum using a systematic random sampling method of households to obtain a sample size of 10% of adolescent girls (11-18 years). Results: The mean age of the 943 adolescent girls interviewed was 14.21 years. Eighty eight percent were currently studying. Around 52% girls were aware about ICDS but only 15% were registered. The ever utilisation of the services by the girls is extremely low at 8%. Reasons for poor utilisation of the services were lack of awareness about the services, community’s perception that the services are not needed by them, and lack of suitable timings. Girls explicitly suggested Saturday and Sunday afternoons as being the most suitable time. Conclusions: The programme strategies should be designed taking into account the rural and urban difference for a succesful implementation. In the urban areas where majority girls are school going the programme could be well implemented by the educational institutes rather than the anganwadi centres.
Antimicrobial Activities of Some Herbs Extracts on Food Borne Bacteria

Food poisoning illness outbreaks caused by some pathogenic bacteria and / or their toxins is still a concern for both consumers and the food industry.The increasing antibiotic resistance of some pathogens that are associated with food borne illness is another concern. There is growing interest in using natural antibacterial compounds, such as extracts of spices and herbs for food preservation. The present investigation was planned out to throw a light on the presence of food poisoning bacteria in different food samples and study antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of some medicinal plant. Salmonella was detected in chicken thighs meat, chicken wings and chicken livers with 66.7%, 37.5%, and, 40% respectively while were not isolated from chicken frankfurters, beef sausages or peanut butter. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from chicken thighs, chicken wings. Chicken livers, chicken frankfurters and fresh beef sausage with 25%, 37.5%, 13.3%, and, 25% respectively. Bacillus cereus found in chicken livers, chicken frankfurters, fresh beef sausages, frozen beef sausage and peanut butter with 20%, 75%, 83.3%, 60%,and, 42% respectively. Pseudomonas was isolated from chicken thighs, and chicken wings with 25% and 37.5%. Klebsiella was isolated from chicken livers, and chicken wings with 40% and 37.5%. Citrobacter was isolated from chicken livers, and chicken thighs with 20% and 50%. Enterobacter was isolated from chicken thighs, chicken wings, with 8.4% and 25% respectively. Seven spice (Cloves, Cinnamon, Black cumin seeds, Cumin, Black and White pepper and Ginger) were shown to have an inhibitory effect against Salmonella, S. aureus and B. cereus which are an important pathogen in food poisoning. Cloves, Black cumin seeds extracts were found to be the most effective plant against almost tested microorganisms. Fennel, Garlic, Cardamom and Red chili pepper ware found to be ineffective against the isolated bacteria. [Mohamed Nasr Mohamed. Elkatry Criminal Protection against Corruption. J Am Sci 2014;10(11):76-85]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 12
Chapter 1 Acquisition of L 2 Turkish prosody

This paper investigates second language acquisition of lower-level (i.e. wordlevel) and higher-level prosody in Turkish to address the role of Universal Grammar (UG) via two different studies. The results of the first study demonstrate that lower-level prosody presents particular challenges for Englishspeaking learners, as the task for them involves expunging a prosodic constituent from the grammar, which is hypothesized to be impossible. Higherlevel prosody, on the other hand, was found to be relatively easy to acquire, despite not being taught in Turkish language classes in a comprehensive and linguistically correct manner. Although learners were not native-like in their performance on lower-level prosody, their representations were UG-constrained. Thus, it is concluded that learners have access to UG for prosody at both levels.
ARCHITECTURAL TRANSLATION OF THE ACOUSTICAL RESULTS

The acoustical measurements or calculation results create comprehension difficulties for the architects. In order to give the architects the means to appreciate and evaluate the acoustical results and as a consequence facilitates the collaboration between acousticians and architects, these results must be “translated” and presented in a comprehensible and architectural way. This will also permit the architects to have a help base during the architectural conception and finally create a common language of evaluation of the acoustical results. This paper presents the acoustical simulation results with a graphical method of comparison of the obtained results with the optimal acoustical results taking into account different architectural elements as the volume of the model, the type and the configuration of the spectacle, the optimal acoustical rate, etc. This graphical comparison of the “architectural translation of the acoustical results” concerns all the possible configurations of one or more objective criteria of an adjusted number of architectural models in relation to the optimal acoustical rates.
STOCHASTIC AND DETERMINISTIC OPTIMIZATION FOR TURBOMACHINERY APPLICATIONS BASED ON THE ADJOINT FORMULATION

Abstract. This paper investigates strategies for coupling adjoint methods, evolutionary algorithms and artificial neural networks, in the context of shape optimization or inverse design problems in the turbomachinery field. In the method this paper is mainly dealing with, the three aforementioned components take on discrete roles. The evolutionary algorithm is in the leading role, acting as the search method, seeking for the optimal solution. Surrogate models, in the form of new radial basis function networks that have been recently proposed by the authors, are employed for the (approximate) evaluation of candidate solutions. The adjoint equations solver computes the gradient of the objective function at a number of design points which, together with the objective function values at the same points, are used to train the surrogate evaluation model. On– and off–line versions of the aforementioned synthetic optimization method are presented and discussed. Besides, optimization using EAs with standard surrogate models, acting at the so– called Inexact Pre–Evaluation phase (see previous works by the authors) as well as stand–alone adjoint methods are shown. Two inverse design problems for turbine and compressor blades are used for the demonstration of the proposed methods.
Long-and short-run non-parametric cost frontier efficiency : An application to Spanish savings banks q Diego Prior

The utilisation rate of installed capacity is a popular concept in both the performance appraisal literature and in publications on industrial organisation. However, a common consensus has yet to be reached concerning the most appropriate way to measure the capacity utilisation of physical inputs and its final effect on company results. On the one hand, there are approaches that establish capacity utilisation with reference to the maximum level of production that can be achieved. In contrast, there are other approaches more strictly related to economic analysis of operating costs. In this paper, our main objective is to define an analytical process that uses non-parametric frontier methodology to provide the distance between the total costs of a given unit and the short-run frontier costs. As a natural extension of this proposal, it is possible to compute the short-run inefficiency caused by a non-optimal dimension of the fixed inputs: we define this as capacity efficiency. The proposed evaluation process is applied to Spanish savings banks covering the period between 1986 and 1995. Throughout the period analysed, the greater part of cost inefficiency is due to capacity efficiency. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: D24
UAS Sense and Avoid Integrity and Continuity : Intruder Linear Accelerations and Analysis

This research aims at developing methods to meet safety targets for sense and avoid (SAA) sensors of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) through integrity and continuity risk evaluation. This paper builds upon previous work that considered a constant velocity aircraft encounter model with a 2D analysis. We refine this model by accounting for intruder aircraft accelerations due to pilot actions, such as changes in thrust. These methods can determine the acceptability of a sensor or set of sensors. A 3D sensitivity analysis of intruder trajectories evaluates the impact on integrity and continuity of sensor noise, range and sample interval. The methods described in this research can be used to set potential SAA sensor requirements for UAS integration into the National Airspace System.
Nutritional models of the developmental origins of adult health and disease ’ Animal models for the study of the developmental origins of health and disease

Human epidemiological studies have indicated that the risk of developing non-communicable diseases in later life may be related to exposures during the developmental period. Developmental life is a vulnerable period of the lifespan during which adverse environmental factors have the potential to disturb the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation or to alter patterns of epigenetic remodelling. Animal models have been instrumental in demonstrating the biological plausibility of the associations observed in human populations, providing proof of principle to the theory of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). A variety of largeand small-animal models have made important contributions to the field, providing strong evidence of a causal relationship between early-life exposures and metabolic risk factors in later life. Studies of animal models are continuing to contribute to improving the understanding of the mechanisms of the developmental origins of disease. All models have their advantages and disadvantages, and the model that is most appropriate for any particular study is hypotheses dependent. The present review aims to briefly summarise the contributions that animal models have made to the DOHaD field, before reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of these animal models. It is proposed that the integration of evidence from a variety of different models is required for the advancement of understanding within the field.
Hydatidosis of Camels and Sheep Slaughtered in Aswan Governorate, Southern Egypt

Background: Hydatidosis is an infection caused by the cystic larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is a zoonotic disease has a worldwide distribution and common in developing and undeveloped countries. Objectives: The objective of the present study is to studying the infection rate and predilection seats of hydatid cyst affections among slaughtered food animals in Aswan Governorate, southern Egypt and study the effect of age and sex of infected slaughtered animals on the infection with hydatid cyst. Also, study the effect of seasonal variations in the infection with hydatid cyst among slaughtered animals. In addition, the macroscopic examination, microscopic examination, scanning electron microscopy and histopathological studies for the collected hydatid cyst are examined. Methods: This investigation was carried out from August 2015 to July 2016 in two main slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate to study the hydatidosis in camels and sheep. By routine meat inspection, hydatid cyst count and characterization was conducted. Findings: A total of 2080 camels and 674 sheep were examined. Of these, 173 (8.32%) camels and 3 (0.45%) sheep were found to harbour one or more hydatid cysts. Female and older age slaughtered animals were more susceptible to infection with these metacestode than males and younger animals. Hydatid cyst infection in slaughtered animals is most commonly found in lung followed by liver while mixed infection in both lung and liver was found only in camel. Hydatid cyst in slaughtered camels was higher in autumn followed by winter, while hydatid cyst in slaughtered sheep was found only in autumn season. Fertile cysts in lung and liver of slaughtered camels was 83.4% and 30% respectively. While the fertility of hydatid cyst in infected lung and liver of sheep was 100%. Main conclusions: This study reported that slaughtered animals were infected with relatively high infection rate of hydatid cyst may be due to the presence of socio-economic conditions favourable for the disease and maintenance of high level of infection. So must design governmental control programs against hydatidosis to minimize the infection rate in Aswan Governorate and ensure effective protection not only for animal population but also for humans at risk of contracting the infection.
Parametric semidifferentiability of minimax of Lagrangians : averaged adjoint state approach ∗

A standard approach to the minimization of an objective function in the presence of equality constraints in Mathematical Programming or of a state equation in Control Theory is to introduce Lagrange multipliers or an adjoint state, that is, some form of linear penalization of the equality constraints or the state equation. The multipliers and the adjoint state variable plays the same role. The initial minimization problem is equivalent to the minimax of the associated Lagrangian. We consider the semidifferentiability of the minimax of a Lagrangian with respect to a positive parameter as a first step towards the computation of semidifferentials and differentials. By using the new notion of averaged adjoint equation introduced by K. Sturm [30] [31], the minimax problem need not be related to a saddle point as in Correa and Seeger [4] and the so-called dual problem need not make sense. We extend his results from the single valued case to the case where the solutions of the state/averaged adjoint state equations are not unique. In such a case, a non-differentiability usually occurs and only a semidifferential is available even if the functions at hand are infinitely differentiable as was illustrated in the seminal paper of J. M. Danskin [5] in 1966. The results have broad applications in Mathematical Programming, Control Theory, and Shape/Topological Optimization.