Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Appendix for : Graph Attention Convolution for Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation

This document provides additional details and further analyses of the proposed graph attention convolution (GAC) in the main paper. In Section B we describe more details on the network architectures and training parameters. Section C provides a proof of Theorem 1, and the further analysis of our GAC is shown in Section D. Finally, we show more visualizations of our point cloud semantic segmentation results in Section E.
Novel Properties Of The Fourier Decomposition Of The Sinogram

The double Fourier decomposition of the sinogram is obtained by first taking the Fourier transform of each parallel-ray projection and then calculating the coefficients of a Fourier series with respect to angle for each frequency component of the transformed projections. The values of these coefficients may be plotted on a two-dimensional map whose coordinates are spatial frequency w (continuous) and angular harmonic number n (discrete). For |w| large, the Fourier coefficients on the line n=kw of slope k through the origin of the coefficient space are found to depend strongly on the contributions to the projection data that, for each view, come from a certain distance to the detector plane, where the distance is a linear function of k. The values of these coefficients depend only weakly on contributions from other distances from the detector. The theoretical basis of this property is presented in this paper and a potential application to emission computerized tomography is discussed.
Pretraining for Conditional Generation with Pseudo Self Attention

Large pretrained language representation models have changed the way researchers approach discriminative natural language understanding tasks, leading to the dominance of approaches that finetune a pretrained model. However, such transfer learning approaches have not seen the same success for natural language generation. In this work, we explore transfer learning for conditional generation with large pretrained language models. We propose a simple modification to a pretrained unconditional transformer model to inject arbitrary conditioning into the self attention layer, an approach we call pseudo self attention. Through experiments on four long-form conditional text generation tasks, we show that this technique outperforms strong baselines and other transfer learning approaches, and produces coherent generations.
1 Is There Too Much Certainty When Measuring Uncertainty ? A Critique of Econometric Inflation Uncertainty Measures with an Application to Brazil *

This paper criticises the econometric inflation uncertainty proxies found in the literature, which show an overly optimistic picture about our real ability to forecast, and highlights the sharp contrast between the evidence portrayed by that literature and the evidence conveyed by the literature on surveys of inflation expectations. While the latter shows that actual forecasts are usually biased and systematic forecast errors are pervasive the former shows a much more optimistic picture, in accordance with the rational expectations paradigm. Also, both literatures have historically shown conflicting evidence on the inflation level – inflation uncertainty link. Next, the performance of inflation forecasts from both the Central Bank of Brazil Inflation Report and the Focus Survey are analysed. The paper then pinpoints some simple measures that could be taken to improve the reliability of econometric inflation uncertainty proxies, and carries out a (pseudo) real-time forecasting simulation exercise to derive a set of such proxies for Brazil. The features of those forecasts are shown to be very similar to those found in surveys.
Interaction of fundamental Lamb modes with a point impact damaged zone in composite plates

Due to high specific strength and stiffness for low weight, composite materials are increasingly used in aerospace, naval, and automotive applications these days. However, one weakness of such materials is their sensitivity to impacts, which may cause severe and harmful damages. In this paper, we have studied numerically the interaction behaviour of fundamental A 0 Lamb mode with the damaged zone caused due to a point impact on the surface of the composite plate. A 3-Dimensional finite element model is used to simulate the scattering phenomenon of fundamental A 0 incident Lamb mode sent towards the damaged zone. The damaged zone inside the composite plate has been modeled as a conical shaped geometry with decayed material stiffness properties. The directivity pattern of the scattered field for the A 0 Lamb wave mode is predicted from the 3D finite element simulations and plotted graphically for different positions and geometrical size of the defect. These results may provide the basis for the quantification of the detection sensitivity for impact zones in composite plates using guided wave sensors.
The Influence of Ownership Structure and Board Independence on the Cost of Debt in BRIC Countries

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the influence of ownership structure and board independence on bond yield spread in BRIC countries, 2007-2016. The main finding of the study is the presence of significant country-specific effects of ownership structure on the cost of debt, and the absence of effects of board independence. According to our results, in Brazil, insider ownership and concentrated ownership of corporations increase the cost of debt, while institutional investors help to mitigate the risks of debt holders. Only state and insider ownership matter in Russia: the larger the government stake, the higher the cost of debt, while insider ownership has a non-linear effect. In India insider ownership has an increasing effect, while state ownership has the inverse effect. Evidence from China reveals the decreasing influence of corporations’ ownership concentration, which can be a result of the co-insurance effect. We contribute to the literature by providing evidence from emerging markets, taking into account the specific features of each country and investigating the effect on market indicator of the cost of debt, the data on which is scarce. The results of this study can be used by rating agencies or investors for the evaluation of the risks related to bond issuers, as well as by debt issuers for attracting finance with lower costs
The comparative effects of the word association and the lexical inferencing strategies on EFL intermediate learners ’ phrasal verbs retention * 1

The present study is an attempt to investigate the comparative effects of word association and lexical inferencing strategies on intermediate EFL learners’ phrasal verbs learning and retention. For this purpose, 90 intermediate female English learners attending Jahad language school took a piloted sample KET test, 60 of whom were selected as homogenous learners. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups-one learning phrasal verbs through word association strategy and the other with the lexical inferencing strategy. They were given a pre-test on phrasal verbs to ensure that the participants had no prior knowledge of the target phrasal verbs. Then all participants in both groups were taught using the same material and received the same amount of instruction. The only difference was for teaching of phrasal verbs. One experimental group was taught mainly through the word association strategy while the other experimental group learned by the lexical inferencing strategy. After conducting the treatment, a post-test was administered to both groups. The analysis of the test scores using t-test revealed that both strategies had a significant effect on learning and retention of the phrasal verbs. It was also concluded that there was no significant difference between the performances of both groups on learning and retention of the phrasal verbs.
Sharing but not Caring – Performance of TCP BBR and TCP CUBIC at the Network Bottleneck

—Loss-based congestion control protocols, such as TCP CUBIC, can unnecessarily ﬁll router buffers, adding delays that degrade application performance, particularly streaming video. Newcomer Transport Control Protocol (TCP) BBR (Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time) uses estimates of the bottleneck bandwidth and Round-Trip Time (RTT) to try to operate at the theoretical optimum – just enough data to fully utilize the network without excess queuing. We present detailed experimental results showing that, in practice, BBR can misestimate the bottleneck bandwidth and RTT, causing high packet loss for shallow buffer routers and massive throughput variations when competing with TCP CUBIC ﬂows. We suggest methods for improving BBR’s estimation mechanisms to provide more stability and fairness.
Water-Flow uniformity through irrigation gated-pipes

Gated pipes are currently used extensively in sugarcane fields in Upper Egypt. The hydraulics of rectangular-gated pipes were studied by observing the distribution uniformity of flow, pressure along pipe and the discharge coefficient for the gate. Results included: (1) laboratory work to calibrate sliding gates under different pressures, outlet areas and discharge coefficients, (2) theoretical determination of suitable outlet area to give high distribution uniformity by a new mathematicalapproach, and (3) field work to examine the results under calculated outlet areas along 6" (150mm) gated pipe. Results also showed great agreement between the theoretical gated pipe flow rate, based on newly derived equation and the corresponding fieldwork. Rate of discharge through the gate was found to be a power function of the head for gate sizes 2.84, 5.67 and 11.34 cm in the following form: 37 . 0 h b q = Where “q” is in m/s , “ h” is in m. The coefficient ‘b” took the 2.4 for the case where the gateslit width "d = 38 mm". The average discharge coefficient calculated for the gate, according to the conventional equation where "q" varies with "h" to the power of "1/2", is: Cd = 0.83 ( h / d ) 0.13 For the case study, where q = 1.5 E – 3 m/s , gate opening area “ a” for uniform discharge distribution in m, resulted as follows: 37 . 0 3 62 . 0 − − = h E a However, “ h” is to be determined beforehand at each gate location. Gate opening and the corresponding width “ w a , ” were also estimated for uniform discharge along level line, via Eq. 12 in the text. “ w ” was estimated by approximating the aperture into square area as 0 a a d w = Where “ 0 a ” is the area of fully – open gate. In the field experiment, the water distribution uniformity along the gated pipe of 18m-modules was about 96 % , thus corroborating the pervious equation. Modules are repeated for as much length of the distribution line as required by the large irrigated areas. However one module alone should be operated at a time.
The garden of forking paths : Why multiple comparisons can be a problem , even when there is no “ fishing expedition ” or “ p-hacking ” and the research hypothesis was posited ahead of time ∗

Researcher degrees of freedom can lead to a multiple comparisons problem, even in settings where researchers perform only a single analysis on their data. The problem is there can be a large number of potential comparisons when the details of data analysis are highly contingent on data, without the researcher having to perform any conscious procedure of fishing or examining multiple p-values. We discuss in the context of several examples of published papers where data-analysis decisions were theoretically-motivated based on previous literature, but where the details of data selection and analysis were not pre-specified and, as a result, were contingent on data. 1. Multiple comparisons doesn’t have to feel like fishing
Understanding ratio of forces during early acceleration

Neil Bezodis, Steffi Colyer, Ryu Nagahara, Helen Bayne, Ian Bezodis, JeanBenoît Morin, Munenori Murata, Pierre Samozino A-STEM Research Centre, Swansea University, UK Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Japan Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK Université Côte d’Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France Université Savoie Mont Blanc, LIBM, Chambéry, France
Locality Domains in Syntax: Evidence from Sentence Processing

One of the main discoveries of generative syntax is that long-distance extraction proceeds in a successive-cyclic manner, in that these dependencies are comprised of a sequence of local extraction steps. This paper provides support for this general picture by presenting parsing evidence for intermediate landing sites created by successive-cyclic movement, building on prior work by Gibson & Warren (2004). It furthermore uses this parsing evidence to investigate the distribution of intermediate gaps. The central ﬁndings of this paper are that (i) there is evidence that successive-cyclic movement targets the edge of CPs, and (ii) that there is no comparable evidence for an intermediate landing site at vP edges. These ﬁndings are fully consistent with the classical view of successive cyclicity, according to which only ﬁnite clause edges host intermediate landing sites. In the context of phase theory, these results receive a straightforward explanation if CPs are phases, but vPs are not. The processing evidence presented here thus provides a novel diagnostic for the distribution of phases and new evidence for their active role in online sentence processing.
Searching for entrepreneurs among small business owner-managers

The relationships between entrepreneurial competenc , competence development and entrepreneurial perfo rmance in small firms represent an area that has fascinated r esea chers for decades. Identifying such linkages i s also important for entrepreneurship education research and practice. I n this study modern concepts of individual competen ce were integrated with entrepreneurship and organizational learning theory, leading to the following research question: How do highand low-performing small firms differ in term s of the extent to which their owner-managers develop and use specific entrepreneurial competence? A multiple-sou rce case study was conducted in which quantitative and qualitative data from 19 firms from a specific industry in the N therlands were combined. Based on the differences between highand low-performing firms, seven propositions were f ormulated that further specify the relationships be twe n entrepreneurial performance, the owner-managers’ co mpetence and the development of this competence. Th results indicate that the relationship between entrepreneurial performanc e and competence is influenced by business goals an d the owner-managers’ competence awareness. It is pro posed that entrepreneurial performance is correlate d with the development of competence associated with the first phase of the identification and pursuit of an oppo rtunity. Furthermore, the results suggest interdependence be tween existing competence and competence developmen t within competence domains (horizontal development), and be tween competence domains (vertical development).
PARTNERSHIP QUESTIONNAIRE: FACTORIAL STRUCTURE, GENDER INVARIANCE, AND CONCURRENT VALIDITY

The objectives of the present study were: a) to examine the factor structure of the Partnership Questionnaire (PFB) through confirmatory factor analyses, b) to test for the invariance of this structure across genders, and c) to analyze the PFB concurrent validity through its associations with the Marital Satisfaction Inventory Revised (MSI-R) and the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) in a sample of 448 Italian couples. Results indicate that PFB presents a gender invariant 3-factor structure (Quarreling, Tenderness, and Sexuality), and correlates significantly, in the expected directions, with the MSI-R and DCI scales.
Digital Library Services for Three-Dimensional Models

With the growth in computing, storage and networking infrastructure, it is becoming increasingly feasible for multimedia professionals—such as graphic designers in commercial, manufacturing, scientific and entertainment areas—to work with 3D digital models of the objects with which they deal in their domain. Unfortunately most of these models exist in individual repositories, and are not accessible to geographically distributed professionals who are in need of them. Building an efficient digital library system presents a number of challenges. In particular, the following issues need to be addressed: (1) What is the best way of representing 3D models in a digital library, so that the searches can be done faster? (2) How to compress and deliver the 3D models to reduce the storage and bandwidth requirements? (3) How can we represent the user's view on similarity between two objects? (4) What search types can be used to enhance the usability of the digital library and how can we implement these searches, what are the trade-offs? In this research, we have developed a digital library architecture for 3D models that addresses the above issues as well as other technical issues. We have developed a prototype for our 3D digital library (3DLIB) that supports compressed storage, along with retrieval of 3D models. The prototype also supports search and discovery services that are targeted for 3-D models. The key to 3DLIB is a representation of a 3D model that is based on “surface signatures”. This representation captures the shape information of any free-form surface and encodes it into a set of 2D images. We have developed a shape similarity search technique that uses the signature images to compare 3D models. One advantage of the proposed technique is that it works in the compressed domain, thus it eliminates the need for uncompressing in content-based search. Moreover, we have developed an efficient discovery service consisting of a multi-level hierarchical browsing service that enables users to navigate large sets of 3D models. To implement this targeted browsing (find an object that is similar to a given object in a large collection through browsing) we abstract a large set of 3D models to a small set of representative models (key models). The abstraction is based on shape similarity and uses specially tailored clustering techniques. The browsing service applies clustering recursively to limit the number of key models that a user views at any time. We have evaluated the performance of our digital library services using the Princeton Shape Benchmark (PSB) and it shows significantly better precision and recall, as compared to other approaches.
2 Juvenile Delinquency in Angola

More than three decades of war in Angola has created a generation of disaffected children, poorly educated and living in crime-infested urban neighbourhoods where violence appears to have become the norm. This article is based on a self-report study of 30 juvenile offenders housed at the Observation Centre in Luanda. The article examines the children’s views on what accounts for their delinquency. What emerges from their narratives is the central importance of the neighbourhoods in which they live. In these neighbourhoods, the children have developed delinquent relationships and encountered experiences of serious violence. Most of the children attributed their offending to the economic and social problems created by the war. The study agrees with Wessells and Monteiro’s (2006) position that, in order to address this problem, a proactive approach is required in Angola that supports youth, prevents violence, and enables sustainable neighbourhood development.
The Effect of Diversification of the Commercial Banking ∗ Gwon ,

The separation of commercial banking and investment bank, initiated by the legislation of the Glass-Steagall Act in 1933, was maintained in the United States until the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act officially eliminated the boundary in 1999. However, commercial banks were effectively diversifying its businesses from as early as the 1980s by taking advantaging of regulatory loopholes or developing innovative financial products. Against this backdrop, it might not be a stretch to suggest that the Glass-Steagall Act had existed only in form. This paper sheds light on how business diversification has affected the commercial banking sector’s performance and stability by analyzing the data from the 1980s to the recent years. Because of the possibility of the endogeneity problems, this paper used the structural equation models by two stage least squares methods. The expansion of non-traditional services led to higher profitability, as demonstrated by the proportion of non-interest income to total revenue. On the other hand, no meaningful relation was found between the proportion of non-traditional services and credit risk or capital risk. For the banks that adopted the financial holding company system after the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, the increase in non-interest income resulted in lower capital risk but higher credit risk. If diversification is an inevitable trend, an appropriate step would be to find proper ways to manage the risks from diversification. To this end, an appropriate regulation is necessary to lower risks from diversification effectively, while maximizing its benefits.
Tactical Design of Same-Day Delivery Systems

We study tactical models for the design of same-day delivery (SDD) systems. Same-day fulfillment in e-commerce has seen substantial growth in recent years, and the underlying management of such services is complex. Although the literature includes operational models to study SDD, they tend to be detailed, complex, and computationally difficult to solve, and thus may not provide any insight into tactical SDD design variables and their impact on the average performance of the system. We propose a simplified vehicle-dispatching model that captures the “average” behavior of an SDD system from a single stocking location by utilizing continuous approximation techniques. We analyze the structure of optimal vehicle-dispatching policies given our model for two important instance families—the single-vehicle case and the case in which the delivery fleet is large—and develop techniques to find these policies that require only simple computations. We also leverage these results to analyze the case of a finite fleet, proposing a heuristic policy with a worst-case approximation guarantee. We then demonstrate with several example problem settings how this model and these policies can help answer various tactical design questions, including how to select a fleet size, determine an order cutoff time, and combine SDD and overnight order delivery operations. We validate model predictions empirically against a detailed operational model in a computational case study using geographic and Census data for the northeastern metro Atlanta region, and we demonstrate that our model predicts the average number of orders served and dispatch time to within 1%. This paper was accepted by Jay Swaminathan, operations management.