Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pragmatic Classification of Upper Extremity Motion in Neurological Patients: A Primer

Recent advances in wearable sensor technology and machine learning (ML) have allowed for the seamless and objective study of human motion in clinical applications, including Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Using ML to identify salient patterns in sensor data has the potential for widespread application in neurological disorders, so understanding how to develop this approach for one's area of inquiry is vital. We previously proposed an approach that combined wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) and ML to classify motions made by stroke patients. However, our approach had computational and practical limitations. We address these limitations here in the form of a primer, presenting how to optimize a sensor-ML approach for clinical implementation. First, we demonstrate how to identify the ML algorithm that maximizes classification performance and pragmatic implementation. Second, we demonstrate how to identify the motion capture approach that maximizes classification performance but reduces cost. We used previously collected motion data from chronic stroke patients wearing off-the-shelf IMUs during a rehabilitation-like activity. To identify the optimal ML algorithm, we compared the classification performance, computational complexity, and tuning requirements of four off-the-shelf algorithms. To identify the optimal motion capture approach, we compared the classification performance of various sensor configurations (number and location on the body) and sensor type (IMUs vs. accelerometers). Of the algorithms tested, linear discriminant analysis had the highest classification performance, low computational complexity, and modest tuning requirements. Of the sensor configurations tested, seven sensors on the paretic arm and trunk led to the highest classification performance, and IMUs outperformed accelerometers. Overall, we present a refined sensor-ML approach that maximizes both classification performance and pragmatic implementation. In addition, with this primer, we showcase important considerations for appraising off-the-shelf algorithms and sensors for quantitative motion assessment.
Effects of long-term exposure to radiofrequency radiations emitted by mobile Jammers on reproduction parameters in rats

Objective: To evaluate the effect of long-term exposure to radiofrequency radiations emitted from mobile jammers onrat's reproductive parameters. Methods: Eighty male rats were divided into neonatal group (n=20), immature group (n=30) and mature group (n=30). Neonatal rats were randomly divided into two subgroups. Immature and mature rats were randomly divided into three subgroups. Experimental rats were fixed in the restraining tube and were exposed to radiofrequency radiations emitted from mobile jammers at a distance of 100 cm, for 30 d (7 h/d). Sham group rats were also fixed in restraining tube but without radiations. The control group was allowed to move freely without being exposed to radiation. At the end of the experiment, weight of testes, sperm quality, histological testicular sections and serum testosterone levels were evaluated. Results: Long-term exposure to radiofrequency from mobile jammers could adversely affect neonatal rat fertility, but it did not have significant effects on male mature and immature rat's reproduction parameters. However, restraint stress induced by immobilizing them for a long-period could adversely affect male mature rat's reproductive parameters, but it had no significant effect on male immature rat's reproduction parameters. Conclusion: The effects of EMF exposure to be various based on the life stage.
Wolf-like or dog-like? A comparison of gazing behaviour across three dog breeds tested in their familiar environments

Human-directed gazing, a keystone in dog–human communication, has been suggested to derive from both domestication and breed selection. The influence of genetic similarity to wolves and selective pressures on human-directed gazing is still under debate. Here, we used the ‘unsolvable task’ to compare Czechoslovakian Wolfdogs (CWDs, a close-to-wolf breed), German Shepherd Dogs (GSDs) and Labrador Retrievers (LRs). In the ‘solvable task’, all dogs learned to obtain the reward; however, differently from GSDs and LRs, CWDs rarely gazed at humans. In the ‘unsolvable task’, CWDs gazed significantly less towards humans compared to LRs but not to GSDs. Although all dogs were similarly motivated to explore the apparatus, CWDs and GSDs spent a larger amount of time in manipulating it compared to LRs. A clear difference emerged in gazing at the experimenter versus owner. CWDs gazed preferentially towards the experimenter (the unfamiliar subject manipulating the food), GSDs towards their owners and LRs gazed at humans independently from their level of familiarity. In conclusion, it emerges that the artificial selection operated on CWDs produced a breed more similar to ancient breeds (more wolf-like due to a less-intense artificial selection) and not very human-oriented. The next step is to clarify GSDs' behaviour and better understand the genetic role of this breed in shaping CWDs’ heterospecific behaviour.
A trio of simple optimized axisymmetric kinematic dynamos in a sphere

Planetary magnetic fields are generated by the motion of conductive fluid in the planet's interior. Complex flows are not required for dynamo action; simple flows have been shown to act as efficient kinematic dynamos, whose physical characteristics are more straightforward to study. Recently, Chen et al. (2018, J. Fluid Mech. 839, 1–32. (doi:10.1017/jfm.2017.924)) found the optimal, unconstrained kinematic dynamo in a sphere, which, despite being of theoretical importance, is of limited practical use. We extend their work by restricting the optimization to three simple two-mode axisymmetric flows based on the kinematic dynamos of Dudley & James (1989, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 425, 407–429. (doi:10.1098/rspa.1989.0112)). Using a Lagrangian optimization, we find the smallest critical magnetic Reynolds number for each flow type, measured using an enstrophy-based norm. A Galerkin method is used, in which the spectral coefficients of the fluid flow and magnetic field are updated in order to maximize the final magnetic energy. We consider the t01s01, t01s02 and t02s02 flows and find enstrophy-based critical magnetic Reynolds numbers of 107.7, 142.4 and 125.5 (13.7, 19.6 and 16.4, respectively, with the energy-based definition). These are up to four times smaller than the original flows. These simple and efficient flows may be used as benchmarks in future studies.
Effect of honey and intensity of swimming exercise on semen parameters of male albino Wistar rats

Background: The impairment of male fertility has been linked to exercise in a volume-, intensity-, and modality-dependent manner. Infertility is a worldwide problem and male factor infertility is found to be increased. Chronic administration of honey results in elevating sorbitol dehydrogenase activity and decreases lactose dehydrogenase activity, which was found to be in abundance in spermatids and spermatozoa, and a decrease in this enzyme significantly affects the semen parameters and decreases ATP synthesis due to oxidative stress. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of honey and intensity of swimming exercise on semen parameters of male albino Wistar rats. Methodology: A randomized control trial study was adopted involving 50 sexually mature male Wistar rats (180 ± 20 g). The selected rats were divided into five groups of 10 rats each: group I served as normal control while group II was induced with honey only and served as study control. Groups III–V were study groups induced orally with 7.5 mL/kg of honey twice per week for 8 weeks and exposed to mild, moderate, and high-intensity swimming exercises 5 days/week for 8 weeks, respectively. Results: Chronic oral administration of pure honey showed that motility, viability, sperm count, and semen morphology were significantly lower, and percentages of abnormal morphology were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group II compared with normal control rats (group I). There was a significant decrease in motility, viability, and morphology in group V when compared with groups I, III, and IV. However, they were significantly higher when compared with test control group. The decrease was found to be swimming exercise time-dependent. Conclusion: Chronic consumption of pure honey has a deleterious effect on semen parameters, and mild, moderate, and intensity swimming exercises were found to have a positive effect of induced semen parameters of male albino Wistar rats.
Twin pregnancies at federal medical centre Katsina: A 5 year review

Background: Multiple gestation is associated with higher risk of maternal complications in the antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum periods compared with singleton pregnancies, as well as higher risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and obstetric outcomes of twin deliveries in Federal Medical Centre Katsina. Methods: It is a retrospective study of twin deliveries over a 5-year period from January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2014 conducted at the Federal Medical Centre Katsina (FMCK), Katsina state. Results: There were 172 cases of twin deliveries out of 9,947 deliveries giving an overall twinning rate of 17.3 per 1,000 deliveries. There were three cases of triplet delivery during this period. The most common complication was preterm delivery which occurred in 40.1% of cases. The mode of delivery was vaginal in 64.5% while 35.5% had caesarean section. Emergency caesarean section for delivery of both babies was carried out in 24.42% while elective caesarean section for both babies accounted for 8.72%. Combined vaginal and abdominal delivery occurred in 2.33% of deliveries. The stillbirth rate was 81.4 per 1,000 births. There were 11 (6.4%) and 17 (9.9%) stillbirths among the first and the second babies respectively. Babies that had normal birth weight constituted 42.2%. The male to female ratio was 1:1.15. Conclusion: The rate of twin deliveries in our centre is high. There is also associated high rate of maternal complications and adverse perinatal outcomes.
Streaming Coreset Constructions for M-Estimators

We introduce a new method of maintaining a (k, )-coreset for clustering M -estimators over insertiononly streams. Let (P,w) be a weighted set (where w : P → [0,∞) is the weight function) of points in a ρ-metric space (meaning a set X equipped with a positive-semidefinite symmetric function D such that D(x, z) ≤ ρ(D(x, y) + D(y, z)) for all x, y, z ∈ X ). For any set of points C, we define COST(P,w,C) = ∑ p∈P w(p) minc∈C D(p, c). A (k, )-coreset for (P,w) is a weighted set (Q, v) such that for every set C of k points, (1 − )COST(P,w,C) ≤ COST(Q, v, C) ≤ (1 + )COST(P,w,C). Essentially, the coreset (Q, v) can be used in place of (P,w) for all operations concerning the COST function. Coresets, as a method of data reduction, are used to solve fundamental problems in machine learning of streaming and distributed data. M -estimators are functions D(x, y) that can be written as ψ(d(x, y)) where (X , d) is a true metric (i.e. 1-metric) space. Special cases of M -estimators include the well-known k-median (ψ(x) = x) and k-means (ψ(x) = x2) functions. Our technique takes an existing offline construction for an M -estimator coreset and converts it into the streaming setting, where n data points arrive sequentially. To our knowledge, this is the first streaming construction for any M -estimator that does not rely on the merge-and-reduce tree. For example, our coreset for streaming metric k-means uses O( −2k log k logn) points of storage. The previous state-of-the-art required storing at least O( −2k log k log4 n) points. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation → Streaming models; Theory of computation → Facility location and clustering; Information systems → Query optimization
Shopping online and online design: the role of prospective memory in the use of online product configurators

Many steps have been taken in recent years to bring production processes closer to customer needs. This trend of mass customisation is best characterised by the emergence of online configurators which help to eliminate barriers between production and market needs. This study involved 82 participants who interacted with an online configurator for interior design products. Participants were administered two tests to measure their prospective memory abilities. After interacting with the product configurator, the participants were asked to rate aspects of the configurator - level of satisfaction, extent to which they had been able to satisfactorily conclude the configuration process, as well as their willingness to buy the product they created. The results show that prospective memory is relevant in relation to the degree of satisfaction with the interaction experience. The results also seem to suggest that prospective memory is involved in the successful completion of the configuration process and in the level of willingness to purchase the configured product.
FineNet: a joint convolutional and recurrent neural network model to forecast and recommend anomalous financial items

Financial technology (FinTech) draws much attention in these years, with the advances of machine learning and deep learning. In this work, given historical time series of stock prices of companies, we aim at forecasting upcoming anomalous financial items, i.e., abrupt soaring or diving stocks, in financial time series, and recommending the corresponding stocks to support financial operations. We propose a novel joint convolutional and recurrent neural network model, Financial Event Neural Network (FineNet), to forecast and recommend anomalous stocks. Experiments conducted on the time series of stock prices of 300 well-known companies exhibit the promising performance of FineNet in terms of precision and recall. We build FineNet as a Web platform for live demonstration.
Carbon Flow for Plankton Metabolism of Saco do Mamanguá Ría, Bay of Ilha Grande, a Subtropical Coastal Environment in the South Brazil Bight

The autotrophic plankton assemblage along the subtropical coastal embayments of the South Brazil Bight is dominated by the cyanobacteria Synechococcus. This investigation evaluated the contribution of photosynthetic carbon fixation to the total Carbon metabolism within the planktonic system of Mamangua Ria, a sub-system of the Bay of Ilha Grande, southeast Brazilian coast. Our results reveal the Carbon budget inside the Ria is not balanced by autotrophic production. Net community production is generally negative throughout the year, with a deficit ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg m-2 d-1 below what is necessary to sustain the local plankton ecosystem. We argue that the offset between daily primary production and heterotrophic Carbon consumption may be balanced by grazing of nano-heterotrophs on heterotrophic bacteria. Our conclusions apply to the majority of the Brazilian inner shelf waters outside of estuarine plumes and upwelling systems, thus with meso-oligotrophic conditions
Genetic Risk of Talon Cusp: Talon Cusp in Five Siblings

Talon cusp is a rare dental anomaly that appears as a cusp-like projection on anterior teeth. Although numerous articles considering this anomaly have been published, this report has displayed a unique presentation of talon cusp. This case series is the first report in literature on which talon cusp has been presented in multiple siblings which highlights the genetic/familial component of the etiology. The report has also displayed unfamiliar morphological appearance (heart shape) of the talon cusp. Furthermore, talon cusp has shown an association with taurodontism in this report. Taurodontism has never been mentioned in the previous literature among the odontogenic variations that may associate talon cusp. A 25-year-old male has presented with talon cusps on the palatal surface of anterior teeth. Family history revealed four of his siblings had the same anomaly on anterior teeth. Talon cusps in the five cases cause clinical problems like occlusal interference, displacement and proclination of the anterior tooth, caries in the grooves delineating talon cusp, or pulp necrosis. Free dental treatment has been offered in the university clinic. However, they live in remote rural areas making it difficult to follow up with treatment.
Vessel Operations in the Arctic, 2015–2017

The Arctic is among the most rapidly-changing regions on Earth. Diminishing levels of sea-ice has increased opportunities for maritime activities in historically inaccessible areas such as the Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage. Degradation of Arctic marine ecosystems may accompany expanding vessel operations through introduced underwater noise, potential for large oil spills, among other things; and may compound stressors already effecting biological populations due to climate change. Assessments are needed to track changes in vessel traffic patterns and associated environmental impacts. We analyzed Arctic-wide vessel Automatic Identification System data 1 January 2015-31 December 2017 to quantify the amount and spatial distribution of vessel operations, assess possible changes in these operations, and establish a baseline for future monitoring. Nearly 400,000 vessel transits were analyzed. Number of trips, hours of operation, and amount of sea surface exposed to vessel traffic were used to compare operations between 14 delineated waterways. Operations were extensive and diverse: an average of 132,828 trips were made annually by over 5,000 different vessels. Transits were made in all areas studied and all months of the year. Maritime activities were intensive in some areas, but ice-limited in others. Amount of sea surface exposed to vessel traffic exceeded 70% in all but three areas. Bulk carriers, cargo ships, passenger/cruise ships, research survey ships, and vessels supporting oil/gas-related activities were represented. However, fishing vessels, primarily in the Barents, Bering, and Norwegian Seas, surpassed operations of all other vessel types and comprised about one-half of all voyages each year. We observed no overt increasing or decreasing trends in vessel traffic volume in our limited study period. Instead, inter-year variation was evident. While the number of unique vessels and transits increased year-to-year, hours of operation declined in the same period. Abundance/distribution of fisheries resources, economic feasibility of Arctic marine travel as weighed against inherent risks, and other factors likely accounted for inter-year variation in regional activity levels. Measures have been established to protect Arctic marine ecosystems but may need strengthening to address potential ecosystem threats from existing and growing commercial and industrial activities in the region.
Salt Stress Reduced the Seedling Growth of Two Larch Species Under Elevated Ozone

The effect of elevated ozone (O3) and soil salinization with alkaline salts in northeastern (NE) China is a serious concern in the success of the national replanting project. As the areas planted exceed 4 million hectares in China, we must consider the future afforestation after thinning and harvest at some parts of them. Here, we investigated the effects of O3 and salt stress on seedlings of Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica; DL) and Japanese larch (L. kaempferi; JL). The two species of seedlings were exposed to elevated O3 [approximately 70 nmol mol-1] and ambient control [approximately 40 nmol mol-1] for one growing season in an open top chamber (OTC) system that simulated the salinity in NE China [alkaline salt, NaHCO3 : NaCl = 9:1, 20mM Na+]. The seedlings under salt free treatment received tap water. Effects of O3 on the growth of both larches were not significant, although the LMA of JL was reduced more than that of DL seedlings. Further, the combined effects of O3 and salt stress were not significant. This may be attributable to the stronger effects of salt stresses on both larch seedlings. Salt stress decreased the total dry mass in both larch species by more than 10%. DL seedlings showed specific salt tolerance in absorption of some mineral nutrients. Although salt stress reduced Ca and Mg content in needles, we found the degree of reduction was lower in DL than JL, with specific salt tolerance of mineral homeostasis in DL seedlings. Our results indicated that DL seedlings may be future candidate afforestation species even in saline soil and O3 levels less than 70 nmol mol-1.
Prior Activation of 5-HT7 Receptors Modulates the Conditioned Place Preference With Methylphenidate

The serotonin receptor subtype 7 (5-HT7R) is clearly involved in behavioral functions such as learning/memory, mood regulation and circadian rhythm. Recent discoveries proposed modulatory physiological roles for serotonergic systems in reward-guided behavior. However, the interplay between serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) in reward-related behavioral adaptations needs to be further assessed. TP-22 is a recently developed arylpiperazine-based 5-HT7R agonist, which is also showing high affinity and selectivity towards D1 receptors. Here, we report that TP-22 displays D1 receptor antagonist activity. Moreover, we describe the first in vivo tests with TP-22: first, a pilot experiment (assessing dosage and timing of action) identified the 0.25 mg/kg i.v. dosage for locomotor stimulation of rats. Then, a conditioned place preference (CPP) test with the DA-releasing psychostimulant drug, methylphenidate (MPH), involved three rat groups: prior i.v. administration of TP-22 (0.25 mg/kg), or vehicle (VEH), 90 min before MPH (5 mg/kg), was intended for modulation of conditioning to the white chamber (saline associated to the black chamber); control group (SAL) was conditioned with saline in both chambers. Prior TP-22 further increased the stimulant effect of MPH on locomotor activity. During the place-conditioning test, drug-free activity of TP-22+MPH subjects remained steadily elevated, while VEH+MPH subjects showed a decline. Finally, after a priming injection of TP-22 in MPH-free conditions, rats showed a high preference for the MPH-associated white chamber, which conversely had vanished in VEH-primed MPH-conditioned subjects. Overall, the interaction between MPH and pre-treatment with TP-22 seems to improve both locomotor stimulation and the conditioning of motivational drives to environmental cues. Together with recent studies, a main modulatory role of 5-HT7R for the processing of rewards can be suggested. In the present study, TP-22 proved to be a useful psychoactive tool to better elucidate the role of 5-HT7R and its interplay with DA in reward-related behavior.
The Work-Family Spillover Effects of Customer Mistreatment for Service Employees: The Moderating Roles of Psychological Detachment and Leader–Member Exchange

Past literature in the area of employee–customer interactions suggests that being mistreated by customers is deemed one of the most important work-related stressors for service employees. However, little is known about the effects of customer mistreatment on the family domain. In a representative sample of 221 front-line employees in the East China hairdressing industry using three separate surveys administered 1 month apart respectively, the current study explores the mediation effects of work-to-family conflict (WFC) and the moderation effects of psychological detachment (PD) and leader–member exchange (LMX) on the relationship between customer mistreatment and family satisfaction (FS). The research revealed that the employees confronted with intensive customer mistreatment tended to experience high levels of WFC, and WFC mediated the effects of customer mistreatment on FS. In addition, both PD and LMX attenuated customer mistreatment’s direct effects on WFC and indirect effects on FS (via WFC). This study contributes to the managerial psychology literature related to the customer mistreatment construct and a better understanding of how PD and LMX act as a work-family spillover effect moderator of customer mistreatment on individuals.