Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Resistance Exercises on the Indicators of Muscle Reserves and Handgrip Strength in Adult Patients on Hemodialysis.

OBJECTIVE Although resistance exercise has been associated with improvement in the muscle reserves, muscle strength and quality of life in end-stage renal disease patients, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of resistance exercise performed during hemodialysis sessions on the anthropometric indicators of muscle reserve and handgrip strength in sedentary malnourished patients with end-stage renal disease. METHODS Patients were randomized to perform resistance exercise during hemodialysis sessions with ankle weights and resistance bands. The exercises were performed twice a week over the course of 12 weeks. The control group underwent a hemodialysis session alone. The outcomes measures were the following anthropometric measurements: arm muscle circumference and arm muscle area. Dynamometry was used to measure the handgrip strength. RESULTS Sixty-one sedentary patients with a median age of 29 years (interquartile range [IQR] 21-39 years), and 83% presenting with some grade of malnutrition were equally randomized to either the intervention or control group. In the resistance exercise group, there was an increase in the arm muscle circumference from 233.6 (IQR 202-254) mm to 241.4 (IQR 203-264) mm (P= .001), arm muscle area from 35.9 (26-41) cm(2) to 36.6 (IQR 26-46) cm(2) (P= .002), and handgrip strength from 19.6 (IQR 11-28) kg to 21.2 (IQR 13-32) kg between the basal and final measurements (P < .05). The tolerance to exercise was adequate, and no adverse events were reported during the practical exercise. CONCLUSIONS Resistance exercise at least twice a week is safe and represents an opportunity for improving the muscle mass and strength in adult patients who are on hemodialysis, including in those with malnutrition.
Antibacterial activity of raw honey versus simulated honey solution

S relationship is a key to the understanding of functioning of bioactive molecules, as well as a prerequisite for predictive analysis and design of novel molecules with desirable bioactive properties. The authors group had analysed various in silico methodologies (Ganguli and Sharma, Computer Society of India Communication, January 2016, pp 26—28) and the use of open source software packages. Use of open source software and databases permit molecular modeling and predictive design of molecules and of the active site in the protein by homolgy. Stability of a protein molecule in vivo determines the effectiveness of its function under physilogical conditions. Pathological conditions can be traced to malfunctioning of the proteins due the alteration in primary structure by mutation or by alteration in the post-translational modifications affecting functioning of the molecule. This review catalogues few of the better studied protein structures and describe their characteristic peculiarities with the hope that one would be able to develop predictive heuristics.
Neurobiological findings related to Internet use disorders

In the last 10 years, numerous neurobiological studies have been conducted on Internet addiction or Internet use disorder. Various neurobiological research methods – such as magnetic resonance imaging; nuclear imaging modalities, including positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography; molecular genetics; and neurophysiologic methods – have made it possible to discover structural or functional impairments in the brains of individuals with Internet use disorder. Specifically, Internet use disorder is associated with structural or functional impairment in the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex. These regions are associated with the processing of reward, motivation, memory, and cognitive control. Early neurobiological research results in this area indicated that Internet use disorder shares many similarities with substance use disorders, including, to a certain extent, a shared pathophysiology. However, recent studies suggest that differences in biological and psychological markers exist between Internet use disorder and substance use disorders. Further research is required for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of Internet use disorder.
The slow death of the concept of schizophrenia and the painful birth of the psychosis spectrum

The concept of schizophrenia only covers the 30% poor outcome fraction of a much broader multidimensional psychotic syndrome, yet paradoxically has become the dominant prism through which everything ‘psychotic’ is observed, even affective states with mild psychosis labelled ‘ultra-high risk’ (for schizophrenia). The inability of psychiatry to frame psychosis as multidimensional syndromal variation of largely unpredictable course and outcome – within and between individuals – hampers research and recovery-oriented practice. ‘Psychosis’ remains firmly associated with ‘schizophrenia’, as evidenced by a vigorous stream of high-impact but non-replicable attempts to ‘reverse-engineer’ the hypothesized biological disease entity, using case–control paradigms that cannot distinguish between risk for illness onset and risk for poor outcome. In this paper, the main issues surrounding the concept of schizophrenia are described. We tentatively conclude that with the advent of broad spectrum phenotypes covering autism and addiction in DSM5, the prospect for introducing a psychosis spectrum disorder – and modernizing psychiatry – appears to be within reach.
Multidimensional cognitive impairment in unipolar and bipolar depression and the moderator effect of adverse childhood experiences

Studies have demonstrated neuropsychological deficits across a variety of cognitive domains in depression. These deficits are observable both in major depressive disorder (MDD) and in bipolar disorder (BD) and are present in each phase of the illness, including euthymia. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have been associated with an increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders and cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to assess neuropsychological performances in a sample of MDD and BD patients during a depressive episode compared to healthy controls (HC) and, to investigate if ACE affect the cognitive profiles in the three groups.
Polygenic risk for severe psychopathology among Europeans is associated with major depressive disorder in Han Chinese women

Background Previous studies have demonstrated that several major psychiatric disorders are influenced by shared genetic factors. This shared liability may influence clinical features of a given disorder (e.g. severity, age at onset). However, findings have largely been limited to European samples; little is known about the consistency of shared genetic liability across ethnicities. Method The relationship between polygenic risk for several major psychiatric diagnoses and major depressive disorder (MDD) was examined in a sample of unrelated Han Chinese women. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were generated using European discovery samples and tested in the China, Oxford, and VCU Experimental Research on Genetic Epidemiology [CONVERGE (maximum N = 10 502)], a sample ascertained for recurrent MDD. Genetic correlations between discovery phenotypes and MDD were also assessed. In addition, within-case characteristics were examined. Results European-based polygenic risk for several major psychiatric disorder phenotypes was significantly associated with the MDD case status in CONVERGE. Risk for clinically significant indicators (neuroticism and subjective well-being) was also associated with case–control status. The variance accounted for by PRS for both psychopathology and for well-being was similar to estimates reported for within-ethnicity comparisons in European samples. However, European-based PRS were largely unassociated with CONVERGE family history, clinical characteristics, or comorbidity. Conclusions The shared genetic liability across severe forms of psychopathology is largely consistent across European and Han Chinese ethnicities, with little attenuation of genetic signal relative to within-ethnicity analyses. The overall absence of associations between PRS for other disorders and within-MDD variation suggests that clinical characteristics of MDD may arise due to contributions from ethnicity-specific factors and/or pathoplasticity.
Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesives

To the Editor:— The editorial "Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesives" (201:195, 1967) deserves comment. Experimental observations1,2have demonstrated a dichotomy among the alkyl-2-cyanoacrylates in regard to local toxicity. The methyl and ethyl esters are locally toxic, but the higher homologues, such as n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, and n-decyl are not. We did not report1that "as one proceeds up the homologous series, histotoxicity decreases," but rather showed that the methyl homologue was logically toxic whereas the hexyl and decyl homologues were not. The latter two materials evoked similar responses. In regard to rates of polymerization, these rates can be varied for any monomer. They are directly related to purity of the monomer, surface area exposed to catalysis, and effective catalyst concentration and are inversely related to the local concentration of acidic inhibitor substances. These factors, especially purity of the monomer, control polymerization time. Thus factors other than rate of polymerization
Diminished medial prefrontal cortex activation during the recollection of stressful events is an acquired characteristic of PTSD

Abstract Background Previous research has shown relatively diminished medial prefrontal cortex activation and heightened psychophysiological responses during the recollection of personal events in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the origin of these abnormalities is unknown. Twin studies provide the opportunity to determine whether such abnormalities reflect familial vulnerabilities, result from trauma exposure, or are acquired characteristics of PTSD. Methods In this case–control twin study, 26 male identical twin pairs (12 PTSD; 14 non-PTSD) discordant for PTSD and combat exposure recalled and imagined trauma-unrelated stressful and neutral life events using a standard script-driven imagery paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging and concurrent skin conductance measurement. Results Diminished activation in the medial prefrontal cortex during Stressful v. Neutral script-driven imagery was observed in the individuals with PTSD, relative to other groups. Conclusions Diminished medial prefrontal cortex activation during Stressful v. Neutral script-driven imagery may be an acquired characteristic of PTSD. If replicated, this finding could be used prospectively to inform diagnosis and the assessment of treatment response.
Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Infantile Hemangioma: A Case–Control Study

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumor occurring during childhood. We hypothesized that, in addition to already known risk factors, such as female sex, prematurity, and low birthweight (LBW), antenatal vaginal bleeding and progesterone therapy would be highly associated with IH. We randomly selected 650 individuals with IH and matched them with 650 children of the same age and nationality without IH. Trained investigators used a standardized questionnaire to collect data from both groups, including demographic, prenatal, and perinatal characteristics. Prematurity (p < .001, odds ratio [OR] = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44–3.41), LBW (p < .001, OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.87–5.16) and female sex (p < .001, OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.65–2.58) were significantly associated with IH. Maternal vaginal bleeding during the first trimester was shown to be an independent risk factor according to logistic regression analyses (p < .001, OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.36–1.91), which was most evident in those receiving progesterone therapy to prevent miscarriage (p < .001, OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.77–2.51). Subgroup analyses revealed that the effect was more pronounced in female than in male infants (OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 2.39–3.34). In addition to the known relationships, the present study identified a close relationship between maternal vaginal bleeding and progesterone therapy during early pregnancy and IH. Twins appeared to have a higher incidence of IH than singletons.
Dogs and Cats in Animal Shelters in Japan

ABSTRACTAlthough there are proportionately fewer pet owners in Japan than in the United States, the keeping of indigenous Japanese dog breeds, along with those common in Europe and North America, is long-established. Japan has a centralized governmental network of animal shelters, which permits accurate record-keeping of the numbers of dogs and cats admitted, reclaimed, and euthanized. Although in the United States an accurate census is not simple to accomplish because a variety of humane societies and animal control agencies admit homeless dogs and cats, some cultural comparisons are possible.Despite recent increases in petkeeping in Japan, the numbers of dogs admitted to shelters have decreased from 345,136 dogs in 1984 to 243, 753 dogs in 1994. The numbers euthanized show similar declines, from 331,442 in 1984 to 219,831 in 1994. In the city of Tokyo, kittens account for the majority of the animals admitted: 34,745 kittens (55%) of a total of 62,803 dogs and cats in 1980; 12,805 kittens (61%) of a tota.
Declines in prevalence of adolescent substance use disorders and delinquent behaviors in the USA: a unitary trend?

Abstract Background Downward trends in a number of adolescent risk behaviors including violence, crime, and drug use have been observed in the USA in recent years. It is unknown whether these are separate trends or whether they might relate to a general reduction in propensity to engage in such behaviors. Our objectives were to quantify trends in substance use disorders (SUDs) and delinquent behaviors over the 2003–2014 period and to determine whether they might reflect a single trend in an Externalizing-like trait. Methods We analyzed data from 12 to 17 year old participants from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a representative survey of the household dwelling population of the USA, across the 2003–2014 period (N = 210 599). Outcomes included past-year prevalence of six categories of substance use disorder and six categories of delinquent behavior. Results Trend analysis suggested a net decline of 49% in mean number of SUDs and a 34% decline in delinquent behaviors over the 12-year period. Item Response Theory models were consistent with the interpretation that declines in each set of outcomes could be attributed to changes in mean levels of a latent, Externalizing-like trait. Conclusions Our findings suggest that declines in SUDs and some delinquent behaviors reflect a single trend related to an Externalizing-like trait. Identifying the factors contributing to this trend may facilitate continued improvement across a spectrum of adolescent risk behaviors.
Sociodemographic inequalities in the management of depression in adults aged 55 and over: an analysis of English primary care data

Abstract Background We do not know how primary care treatment of depression varies by age across both psychotropic medication and psychological therapies. Methods Cohort study including 19 710 people aged 55+ with GP recorded depression diagnoses and 26 276 people with recorded depression symptoms during the period 2009–2013, from 373 General Practices in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database in England. Main outcomes were initiation of treatment with anti-depressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, anti-psychotic drugs, referrals to psychological therapies within 6 months of onset. Results Treatment rates with antidepressants are high for those recorded with new depression diagnoses (87.1%) or symptoms of depression (58.7%). Treatment in those with depression diagnoses varies little by age. In those with depressive symptoms there was a J-shaped pattern with reduced antidepressant treatment in those in their 60s and 70s followed by increased treatment in the oldest age groups (85+ years), compared with those aged 55–59 years. Other psychotropic drug prescribing (hypnotics/anxiolytics, antipsychotics) all increase with increasing age. Recorded referrals for psychological therapies were low, and decreased steadily with increasing age, such that women aged 75–79 years with depression diagnoses had around six times lower odds of referral (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.1–0.29) than those aged 55–59 years, and men aged 80–84 years had around seven times lower (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05–0.36). Conclusions The oldest age groups with new depression diagnoses and symptoms have fewer recorded referrals to psychological therapies, and higher psychotropic drug treatment rates in primary care. This suggests potential inequalities in access to psychological therapies.
PHYSIOLOGIC STABILITY OF INTUBATED VLBW INFANTS DURING SKIN-TO-SKIN CARE AND INCUBATOR CARE

S kin-to-skin care (SSC) is a method of infant care during which the mother or father holds their diaper-clad infant upright on their exposed chest. SSC, or "kangaroo care," began in 1979 in Bogota, Colombia, in response to an overcrowded nursery and the lack of sophisticated equipment needed to care for premature very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. 1 Since that time, several studies have been published on the infant's and mother's responses to SSC; however, no clinical trials establishing the safety or efficacy of SSC compared with routine incubator care in intubated VLBW (I-VLBW) infants have been published. Numerous studies have established that healthy preterm infants remain normothermic during 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 3 hours of SSC; however, thermal instability has been reported by other authors. >1° Thermal instability as defined by these investigators included central temperatures less than 36.5°C and greater than 37.5°C or a temperature change greater than 0.2°C per hour. 8"1° Leeuw et al reported no significant difference in rectal temperature before SSC and after SSC in infants whose average birth weight was 1,104 g; however, one 770-g infant had a decrease in rectal temperature of 0.9°C, to 36.2°C immediately after 1 hour of SSC, suggesting that the infant had become cold-stressed, s Ludington-Hoe et al described increased temperature in
Heightened connectivity between the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex as a biomarker for stress-related psychopathology: understanding interactive effects of early and more recent stress

Background The experience of childhood maltreatment is a significant risk factor for the development of depression. This risk is particularly heightened after exposure to additional, more contemporaneous stress. While behavioral evidence exists for this relation, little is known about biological correlates of these stress interactions. Identifying such correlates may provide biomarkers of risk for later depression. Methods Here, we leverage behavioral, experiential, and neuroimaging data from the Duke Neurogenetics Study to identify potential biomarkers of stress exposure. Based on the past research, we were specifically interested in reward-related connectivity and the interaction of early and more recent stress. We examined psychophysiological interactions between the ventral striatum and other brain regions in relation to these stress variables, as well as measures of internalizing symptomatology (n = 926, participant age range = 18–22 years of age). Results We found relatively increased reward-related functional connectivity between the left ventral striatum and the medial prefrontal cortex in individuals exposed to greater levels of childhood maltreatment who also experienced greater levels of recent life stress (β = 0.199, p < 0.005). This pattern of functional connectivity was further associated with elevated symptoms of depression (β = 0.089, p = 0.006). Furthermore, using a moderated mediation framework, we demonstrate that this functional connectivity provides a biological link between cumulative stress exposure and internalizing symptomatology. Conclusions These findings suggest a novel biomarker linking cumulative stress exposure with the later experience of depressive symptoms. Our results are discussed in the context of past research examining stress exposure in relation to depression.
Dimensional analysis of depressive, anxious and somatic symptoms presented by primary care patients and their relationship with ICD-11 PHC proposed diagnoses

Abstract Background A study conducted as part of the development of the Eleventh International Classification of Mental Disorders for Primary Health Care (ICD-11 PHC) provided an opportunity to test the relationships among depressive, anxious and somatic symptoms in PHC. Method Primary care physicians participating in the ICD-11 PHC field studies in five countries selected patients who presented with somatic symptoms not explained by known physical pathology by applying a 29-item screening on somatic complaints that were under study for bodily stress disorder. Patients were interviewed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised and assessed using two five-item scales that measure depressive and anxious symptoms. Structural models of anxious-depressive symptoms and somatic complaints were tested using a bi-factor approach. Results A total of 797 patients completed the study procedures. Two bi-factor models fit the data well: Model 1 had all symptoms loaded on a general factor, along with one of three specific depression, anxiety and somatic factors [x2 (627) = 741.016, p < 0.0011, RMSEA = 0.015, CFI = 0.911, TLI = 0.9]. Model 2 had a general factor and two specific anxious depression and somatic factors [x2 (627) = 663.065, p = 0.1543, RMSEA = 0.008, CFI = 0.954, TLI = 0.948]. Conclusions These data along with those of previous studies suggest that depressive, anxious and somatic symptoms are largely different presentations of a common latent phenomenon. This study provides support for the ICD-11 PHC conceptualization of mood disturbance, especially anxious depression, as central among patients who present multiple somatic symptoms.
Dopaminergic pathways in obesity-associated immuno-metabolic depression

Department of Clinical Haematology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal; UMIB/ICBAS – Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laureate International Universities, Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal; Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Department of Public Health Sciences, Forensic and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Accuracy of Sonographic Amniotic Fluid Volume Assessments in Diamniotic Dichorionic Twin Pregnancies: A Literature Review

This literature review is meant to bring to light the controversy over the most accurate method to assess the amniotic fluid volumes (AFV) in diamniotic-dichorionic (di-di) twin gestations. It is hoped that this may initiate consideration of a standardized method so that all sonographers and interpreting physicians will consistently use the same method. There is no definitive standard method for sonographers to obtain an accurate amount of amniotic fluid. Commonly, sonographers and interpreting physicians agree that the most practical and accurate methods for sonographers to use are the amniotic fluid index, largest vertical pocket, and the two-diameter pocket methods. Although these measurements are fast, noninvasive, and relatively consistent in evaluating the relative amount of AFV, only the dye-determined technique is 100% accurate, especially when the AFV is outside the subjective normal ranges and either oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios is present.