Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring dynamic market selection by persistence of scale inefficiencies: applied to EU business services

The paper proposes a new way of analysing the efficiency of dynamic market selection, based on the persistence of scale economies. The persistence of scale-related inefficiencies is used as an indicator for the effectiveness of market selection. We use a DEA method to construct the productivity frontier by sub-sector and size class, for business services in 13 EU countries. From this we derive scale economies and their development over time. Our results indicate malfunctioning competitive selection. Between 1999 and 2005 we observe a persistence of scale diseconomies, with scale efficiency falling rather than growing over time. In panel regressions we find the distance to the productivity frontier (within and between size classes) to be significantly explained by regulatory policies that hamper entry and exit dynamics and labour adjustment, and by a lack of import penetration and domestic start-ups. The results suggest that policy reform and more market openness may have positive productivity effects. This holds for business services itself, but also wider, because of business services’ large role in intermediary production inputs.
In vitro mass multiplication of pomegranate from cotyledonary nodal explants cv .

For surface sterilization of explants, treatment involving HgCl2 (0.1 %) for 3 min gave better sterilization of cotyledonary nodal explants. The maximum percentage establishment of cotyledonary node explants was observed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium + 1.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 0.5 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). However, MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/l kinetin + 200 mg/l activated charcoal exhibited maximum multiplication rate for the first two subcultures. The maximum frequency of multiple shoots in cotyledonary explants (86.33 %) was observed on treatment MS + 1.0 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/l kinetin + 200 mg/l activated charcoal. In vitro rooting of regenerated shoot was found in half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA + 200 mg/l activated charcoal, which recorded the maximum number of root/shoot (4.17) and root length (3.87 cm). In vitro grown plantlets having 5 to 6 cm length of shoot were transferred to vermicompost + soil (1:1v/v) media kept in net house, which showed better survival of plantlet (85.50%) within 11.75 days.
Entrepreneurship Among the Displaced and Dispossessed: Exploring the Limits of Emancipatory Entrepreneuring

This paper explores the links between entrepreneurship, emancipation and gender within the international development arena. Through a longitudinal analysis of a micro‐enterprise development project in which intermediary organizations contract traditional handicrafts from female home‐based producers, we focus on the impact of contracting policies on the ability of the desperately poor to improve their disadvantaged position. Our critical analysis reveals how intermediaries who impose exclusive contracting conditions, supposedly to protect the women's interests, actually constrain the emancipatory potential of the women's entrepreneurial activities. However, such contractual limitations generate collaborative networks enabling the women to challenge these constraints in an effort to assert control over their activities. Accordingly, this paper contributes to contemporary debates concerning the emancipatory potential of entrepreneurship within the context of development. We advance this analysis through a gendered evaluation of the role of intermediary organizations on entrepreneurial emancipation and related empowerment.
On the size of Diophantine m-tuples for linear polynomials

In this paper we prove that there does not exist a set with more than 16 nonzero polynomials in K[X], where K is any field of characteristic 0, such that the product of any two of them increased by a linear polynomial n from K[X] is a square of a polynomial from K[X].
Transanal treatment of rectal cancer by rigid platform

Transanal endoscopic surgery is a well-established minimally invasive option for the surgical management of selected rectal cancer patients. Transanal endoscopic surgery represents the gold standard for the transanal excision (TAE) of rectal tumors, since it allows to perform a “en bloc” full thickness local excision and is associated with lower recurrence rates than conventional TAE with retractors. Patients undergoing transanal endoscopic surgery for selected early rectal cancer experience less complications and report better functional outcomes than patients treated with abdominal rectal resection and total mesorectal excision (TME); long-term survival rates are similar. To date, two different rigid platforms are available to perform a transanal endoscopic surgery procedure: the transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) platform that was conceived by Buess and the more recent transanal endoscopic operation (TEO) platform.
Heat-retainer hearth identification as a component of archaeological survey in western NSW, Australia

Concentrations of heat-fractured rock are common in some areas of western New South Wales, Australia, and are frequently identified during archaeological surveys as the eroded remains of heat-retainer hearths, a type of earth oven used in the past by Aboriginal people to cook food. However, it can be difficult to consistently identify these features since heat-fractured rocks, like other clasts lying on the surface, can be dispersed or concentrated by a variety of geomorphic processes. In this paper, we describe a method we have developed for hearth identification and description to aid the consistent recording of these features. We recommend the use of a fluxgate gradiometer as a tool to verify that concentrations of heat-fractured rock are indeed the eroded remains of heat-retainer hearths. Using a gradiometer reduces observer variability and ensures that we are not overestimating the number of hearths present by including naturally occurring groups of stones not related to hearth activity. Adoption by others of a common method of hearth identification and classification would provide some degree of standardisation that will aid understanding of the patterns of Aboriginal occupation in the past.
Combination of two odour chemical lures does not increase thrips capture in field bioassays

Used in isolation, several odour chemicals are known to increase trap capture of some thrips, especially flower-inhabiting species. This study examined the combined use of two structurally distinct odour chemicals, both known to increase thrips trap capture in isolation. Field bioassays using water traps were undertaken at two sites in New Zealand to target different thrips species. Water traps had ( ) no odour (water), (2) p-anisaldehyde only, (3) methyl isonicotinate only, (4) panisaldehyde and methyl isonicotinate mixed together in the same vial or (5) p-anisaldehyde and methyl isonicotinate placed separately in adjacent vials. Thrips tabaci was the most common thrips species trapped at both sites (>92%). Most odour treatments increased trap capture of T. tabaci compared with the controls (p-anisaldehyde by .8 and 7×, methyl isonicotinate by 5 and 30×) but treatments with the two chemicals combined did not increase trap capture above the level of methyl isonicotinate alone, at both sites.
Growth Promoting Microorganisms for Treatment of Soybean Seeds

The use of microorganisms that promote plant growth is an important tool for increasing agricultural production; besides, there is an emerging demand for decreasing utilization of chemical fertilizers and to solidify sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of growth promoting microorganisms Bradyrhizobium elkanii and Trichoderma harzianum for treatment of soybean seeds. This experiment was conducted at the Regional Institute of Rural Development (IRDeR), in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks and treatments were: control, Trichoderma harzianum , Bradyrhizobium elkanii , and co-inoculated Trichoderma harzianum + Bradyrhizobium elkanii , with four replications per treatment. The sample units were five rows 5 m in length, spaced at 0.5 m, and three central lines were used to analyze the components of soybean yield. Of these, two lines were harvested 4 m, and the incidence of soil diseases in the plants was evaluated in one of the lines. Treatments means were compared using Tukey test. There was an effect of treatments: B. elkanii and treatment with co-inoculation B. elkanii and T. harzianum showed a significant response to grain yield. The chemical treatment without microorganisms with a biological effect had a higher incidence of diseases and a lower yield of grains.
Effects of Age of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) Plantation on pH, Organic Carbon, Organic Matter, Nitrogen and Micronutrient Status of Ultisols in the Humid Forest Zone of Nigeria

Micronutrients are required by plants in minute quantities. Literature on the micronutrient status of soils sustaining rubber plantations in the humid forest zone of southern Nigeria is not readily available where a study was carried out on Ultisols to examine the status of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in rubber plantations aged 7, 16, 39 and 41 yr. A grid sampling method was used to collect soil samples from fi ve quadrats of 10 m × 10 m in each of the plantation plots. For each plot, fi ve surface (0–15cm) soil samples were randomly collected and composited. The soil samples were analyzed for pH, organic carbon (OC), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation. The soils were strongly acidic (pH 4.0–4.4). The OC status was rated as very low (below 2%) in all the plantation soils. In addition, the OM was rated as low under the trees at 7, 16, and 39 yr whereas, for the 41 year-old plantation, it was rated as high. The Mn and Zn contents were rated as low for the 16, 39 and 41 year-old rubber plantations, whereas they were rated as medium under the 7 year-old rubber plantation. The Mn, Fe and Cu contents varied signifi cantly (P 0.05) among the rubber plots. The fertility rating of Fe was toxic or excessive in all the plantations and the levels of Cu were rated high. The results showed that the contents of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn in the soils decreased with increasing age of rubber plantation. The Mn content was rated as high, medium, medium and low in the 7, 16, 39 and 41 year-old plantations, respectively. The Fe contents were rated as high whereas the Cu contents were rated as medium. With the exception of the 7 year-old plantation, where Zn was rated as medium, the Zn contents were below the critical limits for crop production, with soils in the 16, 39 and 41 year-old rubber plantations benefi ting from its application. The low values of soil pH across the rubber plantation plots did not signifi cantly favour the increase in selected micronutrient levels in the soil. To improve the levels of micronutrients in the rubber plots, it is recommended that biomass burning should be discouraged during replanting as it strips the soil of these nutrients. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizers is recommended. Care must be taken not to apply Mn in excess. A rubber-based agroforestry system, as opposed to rubber monocultures is recommended as it would improve the micronutrient levels of the soils in the plantation.
Revisiting the role of the thermally pulsating asymptotic-giant-branch phase in high-redshift galaxies

We study the debated contribution from thermally pulsing asymptotic-giant-branch (TP-AGB) stars in evolutionary population synthesis models. We investigate the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of a sample of 51 spectroscopically confirmed, high-z (1.3 < zspec < 2.7), galaxies using three evolutionary population synthesis models with strong, mild and light TP-AGB. Our sample is the largest of spectroscopically confirmed galaxies on which such models are tested so far. Galaxies were selected as passive, but we model them using a variety of star formation histories in order not to be dependent on this pre-selection. We find that the observed SEDs are best fitted with a significant contribution of TP-AGB stars or with substantial dust attenuation. Without including reddening, TP-AGB-strong models perform better and deliver solutions consistent within 1σ from the best-fitted ones in the vast majority of cases. Including reddening, all models perform similarly. Using independent constraints from observations in the mid- and far-IR, we show that low/negligible dust attenuation, i.e. E(B − V) ≲ 0.05, should be preferred for the SEDs of passively selected galaxies. Given that TP-AGB-light models give systematically older ages for passive galaxies, we suggest number counts of passive galaxies at higher redshifts as a further test to discriminate among stellar population models.
When time is money

Empirical research shows decisions about time are often made diVerently than decisions about money, belying the oft-quoted maxim that “time is money”. However, there are organizational practices such as payment on the basis of time that can make the equivalence of time and money salient and are associated with an economic evaluation of time. Study 1 showed that people paid by the hour applied mental accounting rules to time that are typically only applied to money. Using data from a nationally representative survey, Study 2 documented that people paid by the hour weighed economic returns more strongly in making tradeoVs between time and money. Study 3 showed that participants’ prior exposure to hourly payment was associated with a greater willingness to trade more time for money and that participants randomly assigned to calculate their hourly wage rate expressed greater willingness to trade more time for money. The interaction of prior experience with whether or not participants calculated an hourly wage in predicting participants’ willingness to trade more time for money was fully mediated by the salience of economic criteria in participants’ decision-making. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
"Analysts Target Price Accuracy and Investors' Reaction: Chilean Stock Market Evidence "

Abstract The main purpose of this study is to istimate the target price accuracy (TPA) of the Chilean analysts and to find the factors that may affect its accuracy. We alse seek to determine if there exists a direct relationship between the precision level of the research divisions and abnormal returns when a new target price (TP) is issued. The empirical results indicate that 26.2% of TPS (overall) issued were successful. Abnormal returns associated to research divisions with higher accuracy are not observed consistently. Lastly, we find significant abnormal returns when a new TP announced is above (below) to the market consensus. Resumen El principal objetivo de este trabajo es estimar el grado de precision que tiene los analistas de titulos accionarios en Chile. El estudio busca mostrar evidencia acerca de una directa relacion entre el grado de precision de los analistas y la presencia de retornos anormales en el dIa del mundo de un nuevo precio objetivo (PO). Los principales resultados reflejan que los analistas no poseen un grado de precision elevado. solo el 26.2% de los POs lanzados al mercado fueron exitosos. Ademas, se encuentra evidencia de retornos anormales en el dIa del anuncio de un nuevo PO cuando este sorprende al mercado.Length: 21 pages
Introduction to the POMME special section: Thermocline ventilation and biogeochemical tracer distribution in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and impact of mesoscale dynamics

Conducted in the northeast Atlantic Ocean (15°20′–21°20′W, 38°N–45°N), the Programme Ocean Multidisciplinaire Meso Echelle (POMME) is a research project aimed at a better understanding of the biological production and the carbon budget of the region in relation to the formation mechanisms of the 11°–12°C mode water of the northeast Atlantic. With the help of two research vessels, several tens of floats and drifters, and nine moorings, the field experiment was carried out between autumn 2000 and autumn 2001, with a more intensive phase in the winter and early spring of 2001. The field experiment resolved small (several kilometers) to regional (several hundred kilometers) scales and daily to seasonal variability. A first analysis of the rich data set focused on the large-scale and the mesoscale variability. It shows that the distribution of water mass characteristics and biological activity is strongly influenced by the mesoscales in this supposedly quiet transition zone between the subtropical and subpolar gyres. The seasonal variability, however, presents an imprint of the large-scale structures with a clear north-south gradient in properties and budgets. This region is found on an annual average to be a sink of atmospheric CO2. Smaller scales, associated with fronts and filaments, were clearly observed in many fields (temperature, but also chlorophyll, oxygen, biogenic particles, etc.), with modeling studies suggesting that they play a significant role in subduction, ventilation, and transport of biogeochemical tracers in the POMME region.
Post operative pain in endodontics: A systemic review

Post operative pain is an unpleasant situation for both the dentist and the patient. The purpose of this review is to analyze the effect of certain factors like, gender, teeth type, single/multiple visits, and pre-obturation pain, on the incidence of post endodontic pain. Electronic database were searched in a systematic method according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta analysis guidelines, with specified inclusion criteria to identify randomized clinical trials and exclude case reports and expert case series. Thirty eight articles were identified and included in this review. It was found out that the variables that affect post endodontic pain can be classified into gender, type of teeth, relation with pre-obturation pain, single/multiple visits, medications, instrumentation and obturation techniques and vitality of teeth. The level of evidence ranged from I (1) to V (5) for each variable. The current review suggests that the factors that influenced the post endodontic pain were interrelated and directly interdependent. Within the limitations of this review like insufficient amount of level I, it is evident to support strongly, the influence of the different factors on post endodontic pain. There is a greater need for more number of randomized clinical trials to support the effects. Key words: Post operative pain, endodontic, clinical trials.
The Nature of Syntactic Impairment in Autism

This paper presents a first exploration of the syntactic abilities of autistic children using the framework of truncation theory (Rizzi 1993-4, 2000). It is the first step of an ongoing research project aiming to (a) provide a complete map of syntax in autism, for such work has never been attempted from a sound linguistic perspective (b) develop a targeted remediation program to enhance syntactic abilities of autistic children. Recently, a growing body of work has emphasized the existence of a causal relation between the acquisition of complex syntax (embedding) and the development of a theory of mind (in normally-developing, deaf and autistic children). Early identification and remediation of syntactic deficits is therefore crucial not only to enhance cognitive abilites related to theory of mind, but also because of the critical period hypothesis for language acquisition.
Yarkovsky-Driven Leakage of Koronis Family Members. I. The Case of 2953 Vysheslavia

Abstract The orbit of the asteroid 2953 Vysheslavia is currently locked in a tiny chaotic zone very close to the 5 : 2 mean motion jovian resonance. Its dynamical lifetime is estimated to be of the order of only about 10 Myr. Since Vysheslavia is a member of the Koronis family, such a short dynamical lifetime opens a variety of interesting questions concerning its origin and evolution. A. Milani and P. Farinella (1995, Icarus 115, 209–212) considered a number of plausible scenarios and suggested that most probably Vysheslavia is an outcome of a recent secondary fragmentation event in the family. Here we propose that Vysheslavia might have been placed on its peculiar orbit by a slow inward drift of the semimajor axis due to the Yarkovsky effect. Numerical simulations confirm that such evolutionary processes can take 100–500 Myr, a period comparable to but still shorter than the probable age of the family (on the order of a Gyr), depending on the thermal properties of Vysheslavia's surface, the orientation of its spin axis, and its size. We have also integrated orbits of the asteroids 7340 (1991 UA2) and 1993 FR58, located very close to but outside the chaotic zone that triggers Vysheslavia's orbit instability, and we show that the orbits of these asteroids may also slowly evolve toward the chaotic zone. Such an erosion of the asteroid families, caused by a slow leakage to the nearby powerful resonances, could be fairly common in the main asteroid belt.
Prepositional Phrase Attachment Global Ambiguity Resolution in Semantically Biased and Neutral Conditions by L2 Learners

This study investigated the prepositional phrase attachment preferences of Persian speaking second language learnersof English in dealing with globally ambiguous sentences. Results are reported from 34 participants across twoproficiency levels who took part in an online reading task and an offline reading task. In both tasks, the preferenceswere examined in biased and neutral conditions; in the former the verb was semantically biased towards the DPinside the PP (e.g. Peter killed the man with a gun) and in the latter condition there was no bias (e.g. Peter met theman with a gun). The findings showed that in both online and offline reading tasks participants resolved theambiguity by attaching the ambiguous DP to the verb, being influenced by the semantic relationship between the two,but in the neutral condition, the preferences were almost equal for both interpretations. The proficiency level did notinfluence preferences except for a slight interaction effect in the offline reading task. The findings indicate that L2learners of different proficiency levels rely on semantics rather than syntax in processing globally ambiguoussentences. The findings of this study in the neutral condition, are in line with the unrestricted race model. However,this model and the constraint-based theories fail to provide a proper explanation for the biased and neutral conditionsrespectively. It is suggested that discrepancy between the assumptions of the constraint-based theories and theunrestricted race model seems to be due to ignoring the role of semantic relationship between phrases in sentencesused for elicitation of parsing preferences; a factor that needs to be taken into account in future studies.
INTRAOPERATIVE FINDINGS IN REVISION MASTOID SURGERY

While the main goals of surgery for chronic otitis media are elimination of disease and improving hearing, sometimes persistent drainage continues and mandates revision surgery. The aim of this study is to assess the intraoperative findings during revision mastoid surgery and to ascertain the preventable factors. A total of 88 revision mastoidectomies performed from 1996 to 2000 at Amiralam university hospital in Tehran were reviewed. The most frequent findings during surgery were retained infected air cells, cholesteatoma and mucosal inflammation/granulation tissue. The overall success of revision surgery was 97.5%. (Providing a dry and safe ear) While hearing preservation is possible in most cases, improvement of hearing is a difficult goal in these patients. With careful preoperative assessment and performing a complete surgical approach, the primary goal of revision mastoid surgery is obtainable in most patients.