Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thai-English code-mixing in Hormones The Series

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of Thai-English codemixing in Hormones the series and to discuss to what extent the Thai-English code-mixing reflects the importance and the influencing of the English language for media and Thai teenagers. All dialogues in 13 main episodes of the series were examined for code mixing. The research has concerned at two statement of problem, namely: (1) What are the characteristics of Thai-English code-mixing in Hormones the Series and (2) To what extent does the Thai-English code-mixing reflect the importance and power of the English language for media and Thai teenagers. To answer the questions, the qualitative method has been used to describe and explain the phenomenon of code-mixing found Hormones the Series. The source of data in this research is Hormones the Series directed by Songyos Sugmakanan, Hormones the Series was officially aired between MayAugust 2013. On television via GMM One Channel (now changed to ONE channel) on cable and satellite TV, and online via YouTube. The writer has been findings revealed 151 English code-mixing words presented into 2 main classifications: 1) Code-mixing words with nativized features showing Truncation, Hybridization, Conversion, Semantic shift, and Reduplication respectively, and 2) Intrasentential code-mixing words presenting noun, verb, adjective, and phrase in which noun was found the most. The finding show there are kind of code mixing has been spoken by the actors in the series, the data has explored the characteristics of code-mixing into six, namely : Truncations, Hybridization, Conversion, Semantic shift, Reduplication, and Word order is a change of the word order. For next research,the writer recommends to have a research on the differentiation between codemixing and code switching hold on Hormones the Series.
Malnutrition & Associated Risk Factors among Under Five Children

Background: Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in developing countries. In India, childmalnutrition rate is one of the most serious public health problem and highest in the world. The main aim of thisstudy is to find the differentials of under‐five malnutrition in rural Rajasthan, India. Another spotlight of this studyis to examine the impact of demographic, health and socio‐economic factors on malnutrition. Moreover onthrough review on literature it was found that the present study will be first of its kind in Rajasthan and thisarouses the need for the present study. Objective: To assess prevalence of malnutrition and to explore theassociated risk factors. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on 496 children aged6‐59 months at Jhalawar district. Multistage sampling method was used to select the study subjects. Forcategorical variables, logistic regression approach using a probit model in STATA V.12. 0 was used and theoutcomes were compared using odd’s ratio (O.R) correlation coefficient among stunning, wasting andunderweight was carried out using statistical software R, V.3. 1.0. Results: The study revealed that, 54%, 84% and63% of children were stunted, underweight and wasted. The prominent factors having significant effect onstunting, wasting and underweight were birth weight, exclusive breast feeding (EBF) & family income. Significantcorrelation effect was observed between wasting, underweight and stunting. Conclusion: Malnutrition is still animportant problem among children aged 6‐59 months. Therefore, especial attention should be given onintervention of malnutrition
Micro-architectural Threats to Modern Computing Systems

With the abundance of cheap computing power and high-speed internet, cloud and mobile computing replaced traditional computers. As computing models evolved, newer CPUs were fitted with additional cores and larger caches to accommodate run multiple processes concurrently. In direct relation to these changes, shared hardware resources emerged and became a source of side-channel leakage. Although side-channel attacks have been known for a long time, these changes made them practical on shared hardware systems. In addition to side-channels, concurrent execution also opened the door to practical quality of service attacks (QoS). The goal of this dissertation is to identify side-channel leakages and architectural bottlenecks on modern computing systems and introduce exploits. To that end, we introduce side-channel attacks on cloud systems to recover sensitive information such as code execution, software identity as well as cryptographic secrets. Moreover, we introduce a hard to detect QoS attack that can cause over 90+% slowdown. We demonstrate our attack by designing an Android app that causes degradation via memory bus locking. While practical and quite powerful, mounting side-channel attacks is akin to listening on a private conversation in a crowded train station. Significant manual labor is required to de-noise and synchronizes the leakage trace and extract features. With this motivation, we apply machine learning (ML) to automate and scale the data analysis. We show that classical machine learning methods, as well as more complicated convolutional neural networks (CNN), can be trained to extract useful information from side-channel leakage trace. Finally, we propose the DeepCloak framework as a countermeasure against sidechannel attacks. We argue that by exploiting adversarial learning (AL), an inherent weakness of ML, as a defensive tool against side-channel attacks, we can cloak sidechannel trace of a process. With DeepCloak, we show that it is possible to trick highly accurate (99+% accuracy) CNN classifiers. Moreover, we investigate defenses against AL to determine if an attacker can protect itself from DeepCloak by applying adversarial re-training and defensive distillation. We show that even in the presence of an intelligent adversary that employs such techniques, DeepCloak still succeeds.
Customization and Returns

Recent advances in information technology, advanced manufacturing (robotics, 3D printing, etc.), and logistics have allowed firms to customize their products to the specifications of individual consumers, who, in turn, prefer these products to standard ones. In the unlikely event that customized products do not match expectations, however, consumers often feel entitled to a return. Should firms offer returns on customized products? We examine this question via a Stackelberg game model, in which the firm (leader) decides the prices and returns policies for its customized and standard products; consumers (followers) decide which product to buy, given the initial noisy valuations and, upon experiencing the product, whether to return it. Both parties act strategically: Forward-looking consumers incorporate the real option value of possible returns into their initial purchasing decisions, and the firm incorporates consumers’ best purchase and return response into its pricing and returns policy decisions. Our model produces three key insights. First, firms can use customized products to induce some consumers who otherwise would buy and return a standard product to switch to lower-return-rate customized products. Second, it may be optimal to offer returns on customized products, despite their lower salvage value. Third, firms can increase profits and reduce (total) returns by offering returnable customized products. This paper was accepted by Duncan Simester, marketing.
Feature extraction from high resolution satellite images using K-means and colour threshold approach

In recent year developments in satellite sensors tend to the availability of high spatial and spectral resolution images. The motivation of this research paper is to obtain maximum benefits of different bands from high resolution satellite images in order to put into practice an image processing algorithm solution for extraction and classification of land cover and manmade objects can be used by non-professionals. In this research paper a novel approach for image classification is presented by applying k-means algorithm and colour threshold approach onto high resolution World View 2 (WV2) image. K-means algorithm is applied on a reflectance image to extract land cover classes and manmade objects based on a colour-based segmentation method. The proposed technique is applied through MATLAB environment. The user is asked to select few points of the desired classes and the algorithm do the rest and produce vector layers of the selected classes. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of our framework to enhance the quality of classification in aspects of computational time and precision. The preliminary results are considered promising.
Towards an Integrated Maturity Model of System and E-Business Applications in an Emerging Economy

Although there is a great number of maturity models proposed for Information Systems, most of them have three limitations: (1) they are focused on a single or small subset of companies; (2) they do not address the evolution of enterprise systems and e-business applications, simultaneously; (3) they are only focused on developed countries and do not consider emerging economies. We developed a maturity model of Information Systems that addresses these limitations through a data mining approach. The results showed that clustering analysis was an effective method for discovering similar groups of companies according to the set of enterprise systems and e-business applications that they adopted. Two major conclusions can be outlined: Unlike previous models, it has been shown that companies can be grouped only in three stages of maturity. Furthermore, the evolutionary pattern of systems adopted by companies follows a path oriented to obtain greater efficiencies at the expense of those that strengthen the relationship with customers. The results are relevant to practitioners, researchers and policy makers in emerging economies.
Reverse-engineering the visual and haptic perceptual algorithms in the brain

Intelligent behaviour is fundamentally tied to the ability of the brain to make decisions in uncertain and dynamic environments. To accomplish this task successfully, the brain needs to categorise novel stimuli in real-time. In neuroscience, the generative framework of Bayesian Decision Theory has emerged as a principled way to predict how the brain has to act in the face of uncertainty. We sought to investigate whether the brain also uses generative Bayesian principles to implement its categorisation strategy. To this end, by adopting tools from machine learning as a quantitative framework, we reverse-engineered a novel experimental paradigm which allowed us to directly test this hypothesis in a variety of visual object categorisation tasks. In addition, our results provide new implications for existing models of human category learning and provide an ideal experimental paradigm for neurophysiological and functional imaging investigations of the underlying neural mechanisms involved in object recognition. We also turn to the problem of haptic object recognition by building on the belief that its underlying algorithms should resemble that of vision. Accordingly, we present a Bayesian ideal observer model for human haptic perception and object reconstruction which infers from contact point information on the surface of the hand and noisy hand proprioception, simultaneously the shape of the object together with an estimation of the true hand pose in space. We implement this theory using a recursive Bayesian estimation algorithm, inspired by the simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) methods in robotics, which can operate on experimental data from human subjects as well as computer-based physical simulations. Our work enables the principled study of the haptic perception of complex objects and scenes in a similar principled manner that transformed research in the field of vision. Moreover, in conjunction with tactile-enabled prostheses, our model could allow for online object recognition and pose adaptation for more natural prosthetic control.
STUDY OF FATAL ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: BASED ON MEDICO-LEGAL AUTOPSIES

Background: Every year almost 1.3 million people lose their lives as a result of road traffic accidents, contributing to above 3500 deaths per day world-wide. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and distribution of RTAs leading to fatality. Material & Methods: This was descriptive cross-sectional study of autopsies performed at the mortuary of DHQ Teaching Hospital, D.I. Khan, from January 2013 to December, 2013. Data was collected on a proforma. The results were analyzed using Statistical Software Package SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 160 autopsies, 39 cases were victims of RTAs. Of these RTA victims, 79.4% autopsies were of those between the ages of 1 and 40 years. The gender distribution revealed a higher prevalence for males (84.6%) than females (15.4%). Death was due to injury to the head in 66% cases. The majority of victims were front seat passengers (43.9%), drivers (35.7%), back seat passengers (15.3) and pedestrians (5.1%). Conclusion: There was a higher preponderance for males, front seat passengers & younger age groups in road traffic accidents, with head injury being the mode of death.
Snapback-free base resistance controlled thyristor with floating N-region

An analysis model of snapback voltage for the base resistance controlled thyristor (BRT) is developed in this paper. It’s shown that, improving hole current ﬂowing into P-base region is an important way to suppress snapback phenomenon during forward conducting state. Thus, a new BRT with a ﬂoating N-region in N-drift layer is proposed. In this new structure, the ﬂoating N-region introduces a hole potential barrier in parasitic PNP to prevent holes from being swept into cathode. Then, almost all of hole current ﬂow into P-base to trigger latch-up eﬀect and the parasticPNPtransistorisgreatlysuppressed.Thus,snapbackissigniﬁcantlysuppressed. Numericalsimulationresultsshowthat,whendopinglevelandlengthofﬂoatingN-regionare8.0×10 15 cm − 3 and 5.0 µ m , snapback-free canberealized,andpulsedischargeperformanceandturnoncharacteristicsaregreatlyimprovedmeanwhilethehighblockingcapabilityismaintained.
Is the Intensive Anticonvulsant Treatment for Control of Acute Posthypoxic Myoclonic Status Epilepticus Necessary

Background: Acute posthypoxic myoclonic seizure is not an uncommon presentation in clinical practices. However, there have been only a few reports which include detailed description on the treatment of acute posthypoxic myoclonic status. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the etiology, clinical course, nature and duration of myoclonus after hypoxic brain damage during a ten year period from 1992 to 2002. Patients who had possible explanations for myoclonic seizure other than hypoxic-ischemic events were excluded. Results: Eighty-two patients aged 24 to 81 years old were included in this study. All but 3 patients with pulmonary edema had a history of cardiorespiratory arrest caused by probable cardiogenic origin, acute asthma attack and upper airway obstruction. Ictal EEGs demonstrated intermittent generalized spike and polyspike activities or biPLEDs. Most patients died within a week and 6 patients remained in persistent vegetative states. The clinical outcome was not affected by the drug response of myoclonic status epilepticus or etiology of hypoxia. Conclusions: Posthypoxic myoclonic status reflects severe and diffuse cortical damage, and implies a very poor prognosis. It may be a transient manifestation of severe cortical damage before massive and irreversible neocortical neuronal death, and aggressive anticonvulsant drug treatment would not be necessary in most patients. J Korean Neurol Assoc 24(2):125-130, 2006
The Epidemiology of Human Salmonella Enteritidis Infections in Ontario, Canada, 2007-2009

THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS IN ONTARIO, CANADA, 2007-2009 Csaba Varga Advisor: University of Guelph, 2014 Dr. Michele Guerin In this thesis, 1,932 Salmonella Enteritidis infections reported to Ontario’s surveillance system from 2007 to 2009 were evaluated. Annual age-and sex-adjusted incidence rates were calculated across Ontario’s public health units. Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios of cases among years, seasons, age groups, and sexes. A scan statistic was used to identify spatial clusters of high infection rates within the Greater Toronto Area. Negative binomial regression was used to identify area-level associations between infection rates and socioeconomic status indicators. In Toronto, global and local clustering of infections were evaluated. Across Ontario’s health regions, cases with major phage types were classified by their incidence rates, clinical symptoms, and exposure settings. A scan statistic was applied to detect phage type-specific spatial, temporal, and space-time clusters. The annual age-and-sex-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were 4.4 in 2007, and 5.2 in both 2008 and 2009. Higher incidence of infections was observed in the years 2008 and 2009, in the spring, and in children. Within three public health units of the Greater Toronto Area, a high rate spatial cluster was identified in downtown Toronto. Areas with high average number of children at home per family, areas with high and areas with low average median family income, and areas with a medium proportion of visible minority population had the highest infection rates. In Toronto, the global cluster analysis showed significant maximum spatial clustering of high infection rates at 3.3 km. The local cluster analysis identified distinct areas with high infection rates, mainly in downtown Toronto. The major phage types in Ontario were 8, 13a, 13, 1, 5b, and 4. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever were the most common symptoms. International travel and unknown exposure settings were the most frequently reported settings for PT 5b, 4, and 1 cases. Unknown, private home, food premise, and international travel were the most frequently reported exposure settings for PT 8, 13, and 13a cases. A number of PT-specific spatial, temporal and space-time clusters were identified. The study results will aid public health authorities to design effective disease prevention and control programs, and early detection systems.
The impact of spatial scale: exploring urban butterfly abundance and richness patterns using multi-criteria decision analysis and principal component analysis

ABSTRACT Modelling changes in biodiversity have become a necessary component of smart urban planning practices. However, concepts such as biodiversity are often evaluated using area-based composite indices, the results of which are heavily reliant on specific parameters chosen. This paper explores the design and implementation of a butterfly biodiversity index by comparing two widely accepted modelling techniques: principal component analysis and spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). A high degree of scale dependency has been demonstrated in previous studies exploring the use of area-based composite measures. To evaluate the impact of scale, each model was assessed at two different spatial resolutions. The outcomes were analyzed, mapped and compared using ordinary least squares, geographically weighted regression and global Moran’s I to evaluate relative biodiversity patterns across the City of Toronto, Canada. Findings indicate that the impact of spatial scale was significant, whereby the coarser resolution models were found to be more highly correlated with biodiversity, compared to the finer resolution models. The results of this study contribute to a growing body of literature that explores key conceptual questions regarding the robustness of GIS-based MCDA, the impact of scale in urban ecology studies, and the use of composite indices to manage spatial ecological data.
Sentinel lymph node in vulvar cancer - a pilot study to identify and assessthe diagnostic value

Introduction . Vulvar cancer is the fourth most common gynaecological malignancy, the treatment results of which still remain unsatisfactory. The poor outcome is probably due to advanced stages of the disease at diagnosis and/or from delays in the onset of complementary therapy which is necessary in case of the presence of lymph node metastases. These delays are, in turn, usually caused by complications brought on by extensive surgical excision. A i m. Our aim was to conduct a pilot study in order to design an optimal method of sentinel lymph node identification in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva and to assess the diagnostic value of the sentinel lymph node biopsy in this particular malignancy. Material and methods . The patients were considered as eligible for the study if they were to undergo radical vulvectomy due to squamous cell carcinoma stage T1-2, N0-2, M0. The sentinel lymph node was identified intraoperatively using a combined method: lymphoscintigraphy (gamma-camera scanning after the administration of Technetium Tc99m) and Patentblau V staining. Results . All the specimens were referred for histopathological examination as the lymph nodes were found to contain lymphatic tissue. The positive prognostic value of simultaneous application of both methods of sentinel lymph node identification was found to be 94.8%. Lymph node metastases were found in 13 cases out of a total of 40 operated inguinal basins. In 3 cases metastases were found in the sentinel nodes, while the remaining unilateral lymphatic nodes were cancerfree. We found no case of inguinal lymph node metastases in which the sentinel lymph node would be free of cancer metastases. Conclusions . It may be assumed that the combination of lymphoscintigraphy and Patentblau dying is an effective method of sentinel lymph node identification. In order to assess the diagnostic value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva it is necessary to study a larger group of patients over a longer follow-up period.
A Radiographic Comparison of Two Methods of Hand and Automated Instrumentation for Preparations of Simulated Curved Root Canals

The present study evaluated the presence of apical deviation and tapering in preparations performed with the use of the automated handpieces with continuous motion, the K3 Endo system (Group 1) and instrumentation manually with Protaper (Group 2). 30 simulated roots were divided into two groups and prepared according each technique. The alteration caused by root canal preparation was analyzed by radiographs obtained on a radiographic desk fabricated for the study. The results (X2), demonstrated that the K3 Endo produced a smaller incidence of apical deviation and Protaper produced a greater tapering of the root canals.