Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis to Irrigation With the Hudiara Drain Effluent

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the industrial effluent of the Hudiara drain on the growth and element accumulation by Eucalyptus camaldulensis at early growth stage. Plants were irrigated for 18 months with effluent diluted with tap water at 0% (T0), 25% (T1), 50% (T2), 75% (T3), and 100% effluent (T4). Results showed that the maximum growth in terms of stem height (260 cm), number of branches (29), stem fresh weight (436.67 g), stem dry weight (203.33 g), total seedling length (344 cm), number of leaves (825), leaf fresh weight (195 g), and leaf dry weight (100 g) were recorded in plants treated with T2. However, maximum seedling collar diameter (2.25 cm), root fresh weight (230 g), and root dry weight (103.33 g) were observed in T3 treated plants. On the other hand, seedlings attained maximum root length (100.67 cm) at T1 treatment. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll increased up to T2, declining beyond that treatment. The accumulation of Na, Cd, and Cr in tissues increased with increasing concentrations of the effluent. However, the increase in effluent concentration decreased K and P in roots, and increased Fe in roots and stems, while T1 and T2 increased Mg in stems. The results suggest that mixing the wastewater of the Hudiara drain with tap water (50:50v/v) benefits the growth of E. camaldulensis.
Anatomy of the Clavicle and Coracoid Process for Reconstruction of the Coracoclavicular Ligaments

Background Recently acromioclavicular joint reconstruction techniques have focused on anatomic restoration of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments. Such techniques involve creating bone tunnels in the distal clavicle and coracoid. Purpose To define the anatomy of the human clavicle and coracoid process of the scapula, in order to guide surgeons in reconstructing the CC ligaments. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods One hundred twenty (60 paired) cadaveric clavicles and corresponding scapulae (mean age ± and standard deviation, 48.3 ± 16.6 years) devoid of soft tissue were analyzed (dry osteology). Differences related to race and sex were recorded. Nineteen fresh-frozen cadaveric clavicles with intact CC ligaments were measured as well (fresh anatomic). Results The mean clavicle length was 149 ± 9.1 mm. In the dry osteology group, the distance from the lateral edge of the clavicle to the medial edge of the conoid tuberosity in male and female specimens was 47.2 ± 4.6 mm and 42.8 ± 5.6 mm, respectively (P = .006). The distance to the center of the trapezoid tuberosity was 25.4 ± 3.7 mm in males and 22.9 ± 3.7 mm in females (P = .04). The ratio of the distance to the medial edge of the conoid tuberosity divided by clavicle length was 0.31 in males and females. This ratio for the trapezoid was 0.17 in both sexes. The mean coracoid length was 45.2 ± 4.1 mm. The mean width and height of the coracoid process were 24.9 ± 2.5 mm and 11.9 ± 1.8 mm, respectively. No interracial differences in measurements were observed. In the fresh anatomic samples, the ratio of the distance to the conoid center to clavicle length was 0.24. This ratio for the trapezoid was 0.17. Conclusions While absolute differences in the origin of the CC ligaments exist between men and women, the ratio of these origins to total clavicle length is constant. Clinical Relevance Clavicle length can be obtained intraoperatively. These findings allow the surgeon to predict the origin of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments accurately and to correctly create bone tunnels to reconstruct the anatomy of the CC complex.
Multiple Fibrofolliculomas (Birt‐Hogg‐Dubé) Associated with a Large Connective Tissue Nevus

Multiple follicular tumors of the type recently described by Birt and colleagues as fibrofolliculomas were observed in the dorsal skin of a white man in association with a large connective tissue nevus. No signs of systemic disease or phakomatosis were present. This type of lesion represents benign neoplasia of the fibrous root sheath of the hair follicle in association with proliferations of the infundibular portion of the outer epithelial root sheath. Its existence supports the view that the mesodermal portions of the pilar apparatus can become neoplastic, and also provides another example of the close interactions existing between the ectodermal and mesodermal components of the hair follicle.
Research, Development and Innovation in Malaysia: Elements of an Effective Growth Model

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between research and development activities in Malaysia and the country? s economic growth record. In particular, the paper lays out the changes in the growth model Malaysia adopted to make the transformation from an agriculture-based to a technology-based economy, thereby moving up the value chain. Notwithstanding data sparsity, this paper makes an effort to quantitatively examine the relationship between research and development and innovation activities in Malaysia by running simple linear regressions and multiple regressions to capture the impact of these variables on the GDP per capita variations. The paper notes that Malaysia has managed to achieve significant progress in its development efforts and in transforming its economy from an agrarian-based economy into a more diversified economy with a greater role for knowledge intensive activities, research and development, and innovation. Concluding that R&D and science and technology indicators have been associated with economic development indicators, the study proposes that further research be conducted to gauge the role of public sector intervention as well as the business sector R&D and innovative activities separately, and preferably at the sectoral level, where data would probably be more available than at the national level.
On the computation of stress fields on polygonal domains with V‐notches

The interior stress problem is solved numerically for a single‐edge notched specimen under uniaxial load. The algorithm is based on a modification of a Fredholm second‐kind integral equation with compact operators due to Muskhelishvili. Several singular basis functions for each of the seven corners in the geometry enable high uniform resolution of the stress field with a modest number of discretization points. As a consequence, notch stress intensity factors can be computed directly from the solution. This is an improvement over other procedures where the stress field is not resolved in the corners and where notch stress intensity factors are computed in a roundabout way via a path‐independent integral. Numerical examples illustrate the superior stability and economy of the new scheme. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact on dental students' knowledge in three European countries through an online module on antibiotic prescribing: a preliminary study.

In this preliminary study, the knowledge and impact on dental student understanding of antibiotic prescribing practice in the three EU countries was evaluated through the intervention of an online module. 39 respondents completed the pre and post questionnaires. Austria: n= 10; UK: n= 19, Italy: n= 10. Overall there was a 10% improvement between the pre and post questionnaire tests. In Italy there was a 50% increase in knowledge (Figure 2). On a mixed linear regression model fitted to the total score, the difference between the post and pre-intervention means was highly significant; the total mean score increased on average by 0.9 (95% c.i. 0.28 to 1.52; P=0.004) after the intervention in question. Understanding antibiotic prescribing across Europe has been supported by the intervention of an online module that was perceived as a helpful and effective learning tool. Although there are still differing recommendations for antibiotic prescribing across Europe, students and staff must be alerted so they can practice safely across borders.
Use of the Timeout Ribbon Procedure during Community-Based Instruction

Involvement in community-based instruction can be adversely affected when students engage in behavior that interferes with participation in instruction.Amultiple probe across settings design with an embedded reversalwas used to investigate the effectiveness of the nonseclusionary timeout ribbon procedure for two middle-school students with moderate mental retardation in community and school settings. An athletic wristband served as the timeout ribbon, which functioned as the stimulus for the availability of reinforcement. When the student was wearing the wristband, he could earn reinforcers. On occurrence of inappropriate behavior, the wristband was removed and the student was placed in nonseclusionary timeout. Implementation of the timeout ribbon procedure resulted in target behaviors reduced to zero occurrences for both youths. This was maintained at a 2-week follow-up, even as the reinforcement schedule was thinned. The timeout ribbon procedure provided an efficient, effective, and socially valid means of supporting positive behavior across settings for these students.
Sexuality and the older person with cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To review the particular needs of older patients with cancer with respect to sexuality and to present appropriate nursing strategies to facilitate adjustment. DATA SOURCES Books, journals, and American Cancer Society publications. DATA SYNTHESIS Physical and emotional changes caused by diagnosis and treatment of cancer often are compounded in the older patient. Of particular concern is sexual adjustment, which already may be compromised by the effects of aging on normal sexual functioning, absence of a partner, or personal/societal prohibitions against sexuality in this population. CONCLUSIONS Exercise, nutrition, and self-esteem intervention programs, coupled with strategies to facilitate sexual activity that take into account normal aging, can help older patients with cancer to reestablish usual sexual functioning. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Nurses must establish a comfort level with sexual assessment and patient intervention so that they can provide counseling and suggest appropriate interventions.
Novel Cu-to-Cu Bonding With Ti Passivation at 180 $^{\circ}{\rm C}$ in 3-D Integration

A novel CMOS-compatible bond structure using Cu-to-Cu bonding with Ti passivation is demonstrated at low temperature and investigated. With the Ti protection of inner Cu, Cu bonding temperature can be reduced to 180 °C. In addition, excellent electrical stability against humidity and temperature cycling is achieved. Diffusion behavior and mechanism of Cu and Ti are also discussed. With excellent bond results and reliability, this bonded scheme has the potential to be applied in 3-D integration.
High-altitude headache: the effects of real vs sham oxygen administration

Abstract High-altitude, or hypobaric hypoxia, headache has recently emerged as an interesting model to study placebo and nocebo responses, and particularly their peripheral mechanisms. In this study, we analyze the response of this type of headache to either real or sham (placebo) oxygen (O2) administration at an altitude of 3500 m, where blood oxygen saturation (SO2) drops from the normal value of about 98% to about 85%. In a trial in which a double-blind administration of either 100% O2 or sham O2 was administered, we tested pre- and post-exercise headache, along with fatigue, heart rate (HR) responses, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) salivary concentration. Although real O2 breathing increased SO2 along with a decrease in pre- and post-exercise headache, fatigue, HR, and PGE2, placebo O2 changed neither pre-/post-exercise headache nor SO2/HR/PGE2, but it decreased fatigue. However, in another group of subjects, when sham O2 was delivered after 2 previous exposures to O2 (O2 preconditioning), it decreased fatigue, post-exercise headache, HR, and PGE2, yet without any increase in SO2. Three main findings emerge from these data. First, placebo O2 is effective in reducing post-exercise headache, along with HR and PGE2 decrease, only after O2 preconditioning. Second, pre-exercise (at rest) headache is not affected by placebo O2, which emphasizes the limits of a placebo treatment at high altitude. Third, fatigue is affected by placebo O2 even without prior O2 conditioning, which suggests the higher placebo sensitivity of fatigue compared with headache pain at high altitude.
Determinants of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cirrhosis with special emphasis on the central blood volume

Objective. Several studies have shown activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in cirrhosis. Although the activated RAAS may have several determinants, the system is often considered a surrogate marker of effective hypovolaemia. In this study we investigated the activity of the RAAS and its potential determinants with special focus on the central and arterial blood volume (CBV). Material and methods. Eighty-nine patients (Child class A/B/C: 19/41/29) and 32 controls were included in the study. All were given a haemodynamic examination with measurement of determinants of the RAAS, including the CBV. Circulating plasma renin concentrations were measured using an immunoradiometric assay. Results. Arterial renin concentrations were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (p < 0.003). Plasma renin correlated significantly with several indicators of liver dysfunction and splanchnic and systemic haemodynamics (r= − 0.56–0.55), but only weakly with CBV (r= − 0.25, p < 0.02). In a multivariate regression analysis, plasma renin was determined by serum sodium, alkaline phosphatases and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.04 to p < 0.001). Conclusions. CBV correlates weakly with circulating renin, and activation of the RAAS can therefore only partly be considered as an indicator of central hypovolaemia. Mechanisms other than central hypovolaemia relating to the liver disease and portal hypertension contribute significantly to the RAAS activation.
Multidimensional Charts

This work presents a new visual representation of multidimensional data and compares its usefulness in terms of effectiveness and efficiency with tabular representations. This idea makes two important contributions. First, it shows the feasibility of representing multidimensional data in 2D and 3D charts that are understandable by humans. Second, it builds on the theory of cognitive fit by testing the appropriateness of graphical representations to convey information of complex problems. In particular, it shows multidimensional data representation that has not been tested, perhaps due to the lack of a suitable graphical representation. The charts proposed are better representations of information stored in data warehouses than those provided by data cubes. The proposed format can be used to represent fuzzy variables, and are suitable for implementation in dashboards.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal damage—problems and solutions

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used for many years for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and more recently in the case of aspirin, antithrombotic purposes. The use of NSAIDs continues to increase; over 22 million prescriptions are written every year in the UK, and over 70 million in the US. These figures underestimate their full use as aspirin and other NSAIDs are widely available as “over-the-counter” preparations. The use of these drugs can also be expected to increase in the years to come, partly because of the increasing age of the population and partly because of possible new and developing indications, particularly in vascular disease and cancer prevention. It is therefore of importance to assess the safety and side eVects of NSAIDs, and to consider how their safety may be improved. It has long been known that NSAIDs may have a range of side eVects, of which the commonest are gastrointestinal. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the nature, range, and causation of the gastrointestinal side eVects associated with the use of NSAIDs, and to consider how these may be reduced or modified. NSAIDs may also be associated with other adverse eVects, although these are much rarer than gastrointestinal problems; these include nephropathies, skin rashes, and hepatitis. NSAIDs may also interact with other drugs such as antihyperglycaemic or antihypertensive agents.
Chemotherapy-induced augmentation of T cells expressing inhibitory receptors is reversed by treatment with lenalidomide in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

While T-cell dysfunction occurring alongside chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is well documented (reviewed by Pleyer et al. [1][1] and Hamblin et al. [2][2]), it was recently reported that also T-cell exhaustion is associated with CLL, reflected in the presence of PD-1+ CLL T cells and higher
δ‐Aminolevulinic acid is a substrate for the amino acid transporter SLC36A1 (hPAT1)

Background and purpose: δ‐Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is used in cancer patients for photodynamic diagnosis or therapy. Oral administration of ALA has been used in patients with prostate and bladder cancer. The present aim was to investigate the mechanism of intestinal absorption of ALA and its transport via the amino acid transporter SLC36A1.
Human Fibroblast Interferon for Clinical Trials: Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability in Experimental Animals and Humans

Human fibroblast interferon (F-interferon) purified by adsorption on controlled-pore glass was given intramuscularly to patients at daily dosages of up to 20 × 106 units. Serum levels of antiviral activity were low or undetectable. In contrast, reasonably high serum titers were found in patients receiving interferon prepared from leukocytes (L-interferon). Similarly, in rabbits lower serum titers were seen with F-interferon than with L-interferon. These results are at variance with those obtained earlier (V. G. Edy, A. Billiau, and P. De Somer, J. Infect. Dis. 133:A18–A21, 1976). Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed. The F-interferon evoked febrile reactions, delayed skin reactivity, and transitory lymphopenia in humans. Some patients developed an allergic state of the reaginic type as evidenced by a weal and flare reaction after intradermal challenge. However, these patients did not show allergic symptoms after intramuscular injections. None of the side effects was severe enough to prohibit continuation of the treatment; most of them seemed to be due to contaminants not removed by the purification method. The possibility is considered that some of the side effects, e.g., delayed skin reactivity, are sufficiently specific to justify identification of the active principals.
TCR‐β repertoire analysis of antigen‐specific single T cells using a high‐density microcavity array

The antigen specificity of cytotoxic T cells, provided by T‐cell receptors (TCRs), plays a central role in human autoimmune diseases, infection, and cancer. As the TCR repertoire is unique in individual cytotoxic T cells, a strategy to analyze its gene rearrangement at the single‐cell level is required. In this study, we applied a high‐density microcavity array enabling target cell screening of several thousands of single cells for identification of functional TCR‐β gene repertoires specific to melanoma (gp100) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens. T cells expressing TCRs with the ability to recognize fluorescent‐labeled antigen peptide tetramers were isolated by using a micromanipulator under microscopy. Regularly arranged cells on the microcavity array eased detection and isolation of target single cells from a polyclonal T‐cell population. The isolated single cells were then directly utilized for RT‐PCR. By sequencing the amplified PCR products, antigen‐specific TCR‐β repertoires for gp100 and human cytomegalovirus antigens were successfully identified at the single‐cell level. This simple, accurate, and cost‐effective technique for single‐cell analysis has further potential as a valuable and widely applicable tool for studies on gene screening and expression analyses of various kinds of cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 311–318. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metrological characterization of INRIM's Yb lattice clock

We present the results of a preliminary metrological characterization of our neutral 171Ytterbium-atoms lattice clock at INRIM. During one clock cycle we cool and trap the atoms utilizing 399 nm laser light for the first stage magneto-optical trap (MOT), followed by a cooler 556 nm 2nd stage MOT. Atoms are then transferred in a one-dimensional, horizontal lattice adjusted to the magic wavelength (759 nm). Subsequently the clock transition at 578 nm is excited by a laser stabilized to an ultra-stable cavity, followed by repumping and state-detection. We obtain 2 · 103 atoms in the lattice after 150 ms of loading time. The laser radiation at 399 nm, 556 nm and 578 nm is produced via infrared lasers and non-linear crystals, whereas the lattice features a Titanium-Sapphire laser. A detailed description of the laser light generation and stabilization as well as of the the physics package is given. We locked the clock laser to the atoms and achieved a first metrological characterization through optical fiber-comb based comparison with INRIM's primary frequency standard, the IT-CsF2 cryogenic fountain clock [1]. The reported frequency of the clock transition agrees to the value recommended by the BIPM [2] within the stated uncertainty.
The Spike-and-Slab LASSO

ABSTRACT Despite the wide adoption of spike-and-slab methodology for Bayesian variable selection, its potential for penalized likelihood estimation has largely been overlooked. In this article, we bridge this gap by cross-fertilizing these two paradigms with the Spike-and-Slab LASSO procedure for variable selection and parameter estimation in linear regression. We introduce a new class of self-adaptive penalty functions that arise from a fully Bayes spike-and-slab formulation, ultimately moving beyond the separable penalty framework. A virtue of these nonseparable penalties is their ability to borrow strength across coordinates, adapt to ensemble sparsity information and exert multiplicity adjustment. The Spike-and-Slab LASSO procedure harvests efficient coordinate-wise implementations with a path-following scheme for dynamic posterior exploration. We show on simulated data that the fully Bayes penalty mimics oracle performance, providing a viable alternative to cross-validation. We develop theory for the separable and nonseparable variants of the penalty, showing rate-optimality of the global mode as well as optimal posterior concentration when p > n. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
A 30-year prospective follow-up study of hyperactive boys with conduct problems: adult criminality.

OBJECTIVE To compare the official arrest records for a large number of hyperactive boys (N = 179), most with conduct problems, and 75 control boys; to examine childhood IQ, socioeconomic status, and parent reports of childhood hyperactivity and conduct problems for their contribution to criminal behavior in adulthood; and to compare adult outcome for multimodality-treated (MMT) and drug-treated-only (DTO) hyperactives. METHOD We report on the official arrest history from early to mid- (18 to 38 years of age) adulthood in these 254 white subjects. RESULTS Ninety one percent of subjects were followed up. California official arrest records were obtained on all of these subjects. Hyperactive subjects had significantly higher arrest, conviction, and incarceration rates compared with controls. Childhood antisocial behaviors, socioeconomic status, and IQ predicted adult criminality. Multimodality-treated boys with Hyperactive/ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) did not fare better than DTO boys with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Hyperactive/ADHD boys with conduct problems are at increased risk for adult criminality. Hyperactive boys without childhood conduct problems are not at increased risk for later criminality. An intensive 3-year MMT treatment of 6- to 12-year-old hyperactive boys is insufficient to prevent later adult criminality.