Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TOWARDS A DIGITAL REPRESENTATION OF PHYSICAL PHENOMENA TO ASSESS COMFORT IN FUTURE ENVIRONMENTS

This paper presents the concept and a test implementation of a digital representation of the physical world designed to assess comfort quality in future environments. An integrated set of physical phenomena is modeled three-dimensionally to investigate the dynamic behavior of design objects holistically. The formulation supports the integration of computational simulation in the performance-based design process. It employs the principles of geometrical and physical selfcontainedness to avoid that complex geometrical and physical circumstances have to be specified at design time. The concepts of congeneric cells and congeneric conjunctions are introduced to simulate various physical phenomena simultaneously with a uniformly structured set of equations. The concept, the prototype implementation and selected test cases are presented. Although it was not possible to implement all features and model parts completely, the research and the discussion of its achievements make valuable contributions towards more effective integration of computational simulation in the performance-based design process.
Potential population and economic consequences of sublethal injuries in the spiny lobster fishery of the Florida keys

Animals that interact with but are not retained by fishing gears may later die. The population and economic consequences of these sublethal fishery interactions are seldom known but may be significant. In the present study, a population model was used to quantify potential population and economic consequences of injuries that Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) sustain from fishing activities in the Florida Keys, USA. Injuries generated by the fishery are known to reduce growth and elevate mortality. Simulation modelling results indicated that injuries may reduce adult lobster abundance and associated landings by ≥50% in areas with high recreational fishing effort. When simulated injuries were ~20 times lower (representing areas with lower fishing effort), these injuries were only responsible for a 5 and 8% reduction in the adult lobster population and commercial landings respectively. Important parameters within the model (growth, time in stage and mortality of injured lobsters) were altered by ±10% to assess model sensitivity. Final results changed <10% (with the exception of one 15% change), suggesting that model output was relatively insensitive to variation in key parameters. When the impact of sublethal injuries was applied to the entire spiny lobster fishery in the Florida Keys, adult stock biomass and annual commercial landings were reduced by 900 and 160 t (US$1.6 million) respectively. These results suggest that sublethal fishery interactions can lead to high population and economic losses, and highlight the need to incorporate sublethal injuries into stock assessments and economic models.
Understanding management accounting change using strong structuration frameworks

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to suggest a strong structuration based framework for the study of management accounting change. Design/methodology/approach - A retrospective field study was designed to investigate the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on budgeting and control practices of Greek hospitality organisations. Conduct analysis addresses agents’ perceptions of the changes upon themselves. Context analysis explores the changing context, and how the agents modified their in-situ control structures accordingly. The framework is demonstrated through one case study. Findings - The agents in the case, triggered by the crisis, gradually come to criticise the way they practice budgeting. The first response is to practice budgeting more normatively, but later they criticise and modify these norms. As their formal mentalities co-mediated action, variance management became pro-active rather than reactive. Variations in the ways agents draw upon structures – unreflectively or critically – and on how they act to reproduce structures – routinely or strategically – characterise change in management accounting practice. Agents’ reasoning and conduct leading to action is local, and these local changes in conduct and context are significant in understanding management accounting change. Originality/value - This framework for studying management accounting change balances structural conditions of action, with action and interaction. It can be used to study how, why, and by whom institutionalised management accounting practices may change.
THE MYTH OF SOCIAL CLASS AND CRIMINALITY: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE*

Thirty-five studies examining the relationship between social class and crime/delinquency are reduced to comparable statistics using instances where the relationship was studied for specific categories of age, sex, race, place of residence, data type, or offense as units of analysis. The findings from 363 instances are summarized and patterns are identified. The overall results show only a slight negative relationship between class and criminality, with self-report studies reflecting lower associations than official statistics studies. Moreover, analysis demonstrates a clear historical decline in magnitude of association to the point where both self-report and official statistics studies done in the current decade find no class variation. This historical trend is shown to be due to changes in the findings from studies using official statistics as indicators of criminality. Alternative interpretations are discussed, but all lead to serious doubts about the adequacy of theories of deviance that contain assumptions of class differences. (abstract Adapted from Source: American Sociological Review, 1978. Copyright © 1978 by the American Sociological Association) Social Class Class Factors Sociocultural Factors Socioeconomic Factors Crime Causes Delinquency Causes Adult Crime Adult Offender Juvenile Crime Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Offender 07-00
Lambda = 3 mm line survey of nearby active galaxies

We used the IRAM 30m telescope to observe the frequency range [86-116]GHz towards the central regions of the starburst galaxies M83, M82, and NGC253, the AGNs M51, NGC1068, and NGC7469, and the ULIRGs Arp220 and Mrk231. Assuming LTE conditions, we calculated the column densities of 27 molecules and 10 isotopologues. Among others, we report the first tentative detections of CH3CHO, HNCO, and NS in M82 and, for the first time in the extragalactic medium, HC5N in NGC253. Halpha recombination lines were only found in M82 and NGC253. Vibrationally excited lines of HC3N were only detected in Arp220. CH3CCH emission is only seen in the starburst-dominated galaxies. By comparison of the fractional abundances among the galaxies, we looked for the molecules that are best suited to characterise the chemistry of starbursts, AGNs and ULIRGs, as well as the differences among galaxies within the same group.
elf-image and valuation of moral goods : Stated versus actual illingness to pay lof

Hypothetical bias in stated-preference methods appears sometimes to be very large, and other times non-existent. This is here largely explained by a model where people derive utility from a positive self-image associated with morally commendable behavior. The results of a choice experiment are consistent with the predictions of this model; the hypothetical marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for a moral good (contributions to a WWF project) is significantly higher than the corresponding real-money MWTP, whereas no hypothetical bias is seen for an amoral good (a restaurant voucher). Moreover, the evidence suggests that also the real-money MWTP for the moral good is biased upwards, in the sense that it appears to be higher within than outside the experimental context. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The creative class: do jobs follow people or do people follow jobs?

ABSTRACT Regional adjustment models are applied to explore causal interaction between two types of people distinguished by educational attainment, and two types of jobs: creative class jobs and other jobs. Data used are for labour market regions in Finland, Norway and Sweden from the 2000s. Creative class jobs follow people with high educational attainment (one way causation), but creative class jobs also follow other jobs and vice versa (circular causation). The results suggest that stimulating creative class job growth could be accomplished through attracting people with higher education, but also by attracting other jobs with the added benefit that the initial stimulus would be reinforced through circular and cumulative causation between job creation in the two sectors.
RESEARCH NOTES AND COMMENTARIES: CONGRUENCE BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND COMPENSATION SYSTEMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION

This paper examines the interactive relationship between the use of integrated manufacturing and compensation practices in predicting several aspects of plant performance in the concrete pipe industry. We predicted that compensation practices reinforcing collective effort, teamwork, and flexibility (team incentives and skill-based pay) enhance the effectiveness of integrated manufacturing systems (total quality management and advanced manufacturing technology), while practices inhibiting cooperation and teamwork among employees (individual incentives and seniority-based pay) impede it. Results provide moderate support for the congruence model across several measures of plant effectiveness (labor hours per ton, lost-time accidents, perceptual performance, and customer satisfaction). Implications of the research are addressed. Copyright ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Land Abandonment in the Rice Sector: An Economic Analysis

Land abandonment is a serious problem to the agricultural sector, especially that of the rubber and rice sectors. III the rice sector, the problem persists not only in the traditional rice grolVing areas but also in the highly irrigated schemes. Logit analysis IVas conducted to identify the major causes for rice farming abandonment in the MUDA and KEMUBU irrigation schemes. In the MUDA scherne, farm size, lack of labour, competition from imported rice and cost of production are highly correlated to rice farming abandonmellt; IVhilefor the KEMUBU scheme, the major causes seemed to be farm size, age of farm operators, off-farm income, level of education, competition from imported rice and soil suitability. Measures toward minimizing or eradicating rice farm abandonment problem 1V0uid not be effective unless farmers are offered a reasonably high farm-gate pricefor their padi harvesl. In view of better offers from the offfarm employments, it is therefore important thar rice farmers are assured of incomes that are comparable to those of other sectors. ABSTRAK Tanah terbiar merupakan satu masalah yang serius dalam sektor pertanian, lerulama sekali dalam sektor getah dan padi. Dalam sekror padi, masalah inl berlaku bukan sahaja di kawasan tanamon padi tradisional, tetapi juga di projek-projek pengairan yang serba maju. Analisis logit telah digunakall untuk mengenalpasti sebab­ sebab utama yang mengakibatkan tanah terbiar di projek-projek pengairall MUDA dan KEMUBU. Bagi projek MUDA, saiz salVah, keku­ rangan lenaga burull, persaingan daripada beras imporl dan kos pengeluaran telah didapati mempunyai korelasi yang tinggi dengan tanah smvah terbiar; manakala bagi projek KEMUBU, sebab-sebab utama yang telah mengakibatkan tanah sawah lerbiar didapati terelirl dari saiz sawall, umur pesawah, pendapatan bukan perlanian, tahap
Lipid Chaperones andMetabolic Inflammation

Over the past decade, a large body of evidence has emerged demonstrating an integration of metabolic and immune response pathways. It is now clear that obesity and associated disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are associated with a metabolically driven, low-grade, chronic inflammatory state, referred to as “metaflammation. ” Several inflammatory cytokines as well as lipids and metabolic stress pathways can activate metaflammation, which targets metabolically critical organs and tissues including adipocytes and macrophages to adversely affect systemic homeostasis. On the other hand, inside the cell, fatty acidbinding proteins (FABPs), a family of lipid chaperones, as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and reactive oxygen species derived from mitochondria play significant roles in promotion of metabolically triggered inflammation. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular basis of the roles of FABPs, especially FABP4 and FABP5, in metaflammation and related diseases including obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
Quantification of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn from sewage sludge by modified-BCR and ultrasound assisted-modified BCR sequential extraction methods

Determination of the levels of heavy metals in sewage sludge is necessary prior to application of the sludge to agriculture because of the inherent risk of heavy metal toxicity to soil, plants and humans. The heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) in sewage sludge were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following extraction with modified-BCR and ultrasonic assisted-BCR extraction methods. The quantities of heavy metals obtained from the two extraction methods were compared. The ICP-OES results indicated that in the exchangeable fraction in both extraction methods the amount of zinc released ranged from 19-227 mg kg-1, and this represented the highest concentration of metals in this fraction. Clarifier sludge contained more zinc (2375 mg kg-1) than raw sludge (310 mg kg-1). An improvement in the amount of zinc (120.8 mg kg-1) and lead (98.7 mg kg-1) released in the reducible fraction in raw sludge samples was obtained with UA-BCR extraction. UA-BCR showed that the raw sludge contained about 17 mg kg-1 of Cd while only about 0.625 mg kg-1 was released using the modified BCR extraction. Some of the metals quantified were higher than the permissible levels, and the sludge not be used for soil enrichment. The results of this study demonstrated that the modified-BCR and the ultrasonic assisted-BCR extraction methods should be used in conjunction since one method alone might not be efficient in matrix breaking and releasing metal ions into solution. This may lead to incorrect conclusions about the presence or absence of metal ions in sewage sludge. Key words: Heavy metals, ultrasonication, sequential extraction, sludge, clarifier samples
Effects of dietary inclusion of cassava root flour in broiler diets on growth performance, carcass characteristic and haematological parameters

A 42-day study was carried out with ninety 14-day old broiler chickens (Cobb 500) to evaluate the dietary inclusion of cassava flour in full replacement with maize on growth performance, carcass characteristics and haematological parameters. The chickens were randomly allotted to 6 pens involving two dietary treatments of three replicates per each treatment and 15 birds per each replicate in a Complete Randomized Design. Variables measured included feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, mortality, feed cost, and haematology. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Results indicated that the total inclusion of cassava flour in broiler diet reduced (P>0.05) feed intake. Also, there was a depression (P<0.05) in the growth rate and feed efficiency in the broiler chickens fed on the cassava flour based diets during experimental period. Again, replacing maize with the cassava flour in broiler diet reduced (P<0.05) the dressing percentage of carcass. However, haematological parameters were not affected by dietary treatments. Nonetheless, the cost of feed was reduced with the substitution of maize with cassava flour in broiler diet. In conclusion, the total replacement of maize with cassava flour in broiler chickens diets has deleterious effect on growth, but reduced the cost of feeding, thereby resulting in higher net revenue. Key words: Cassava root flour, dietary inclusion, performance and broiler chicken
SFB 823 Fourier methods for analysing piecewise constant volatilities

We develop procedures for testing the hypothesis that a parameter of a distribution is constant throughout a sequence of independent random variables. Our proposals are illustrated considering the variance and the kurtosis. Under the null hypothesis of constant variance, the modulus of a Fourier type transformation of the volatility process is identically equal to one. The approach proposed utilizes this property considering a canonical estimator for this modulus under the assumption of independent and piecewise identically distributed observations with zero mean. Using blockwise estimators we introduce several test statistics resulting from different weight functions which are all given by simple explicit formulae. The methods are compared to other tests for constant volatility in extensive Monte Carlo experiments. Our proposals offer comparatively good power particularly in the case of multiple structural breaks and allow adequate estimation of the positions of the structural breaks. An application to process control data is given, and it is shown how the methods can be adapted to test for constancy of other quantities like the kurtosis.
Temperature, Salinity, Nutrients, and the Covariation of Bacterial Production and Chlorophyll-a in Estuarine Ecosystems

Abstract The National Estuarine Research Reserve System represents a diverse collection of ecosystems among which environmental conditions differ dramatically, making it inherently difficult to determine the extent to which patterns and properties identified in one estuary are transferable to those of any other. The primary objective of our study was to develop a multivariate classification framework for comparison of these estuaries and identify the primary sources of environmental variability in each. Using a 4-year dataset from the National Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program, combined with principal components analysis, we identified distinct patterns among 21 reserves that allowed grouping based on the primary factors shaping physicochemical variability. Salinity and temperature were the primary factors shaping variability in the reserves, an observation that was corroborated by similar multivariate analysis of data from 33 published studies of non–National Estuarine Research Reserve systems representing a wide range of coastal and estuarine waters. We then investigated the effect of temperature and salinity on biological processes in these systems by using the ratio of bacterial production to chlorophyll-a as a response variable. Salinity and temperature had different but significant effects on bacterial production/chlorophyll-a ratios, suggesting in turn that these properties contribute to the balance between autotrophic and heterotrophic planktonic processes in estuarine ecosystems. Our study confirms the universal role of salinity and temperature in shaping the variability among even the most diverse systems and provides a valuable classification framework for comparison of reserves within the context of the entire National Estuarine Research Reserve System. Use of this classification approach may provide insight into the extent to which results from investigative studies in one reserve may be applicable to others, a valuable application when the effect of environmental stressors is considered.
Phonetics or Phonology: Asymmetries in Loanword Adaptations - French and German Mid Front Rounded Vowels in Japanese

It is one of the most highly debated issues in loanword phonology whether loanword adaptations are phonologically or phonetically driven. This paper addresses this issue and aims at demonstrating that only the acceptance of both a phonological as well as a phonetic approximation stance can adequately account for the data found in Japanese. This point will be exemplified with the adaptation of German and French mid front rounded vowels in Japanese. It will be argued that the adaptation of German /œ/ and /o/ as Japanese /e/ is phonologically grounded, whereas the adaptation of French /œ/ and /o/ as Japanese /u/ is phonetically grounded. This asymmetry in the adaptation process of German and French mid front rounded vowels and further examples of loans in Japanese lead to the only conclusion that both strategies of loanword adaptation occur in languages. It will be shown that not only perception, but also the influence of orthography, of conventions and the knowledge of the source language play a role in the adaptation process.
Beyond priming effects: The role of positive affect and discrepancies in implicit processes of motivation and goal pursuit

Recent research demonstrates that goal pursuit can be instigated without conscious interventions when the mental accessibility of goal representations is enhanced by environmental cues. However, the mechanisms producing this non-conscious, motivational, goal-directed activity are not clearly addressed in the literature. In this chapter we present a framework within which the non-conscious activation of goal-directed behaviour can be understood. The framework departs from the idea that a goal is represented as a desired state and identifies three characteristics of this representation that render non-conscious goal pursuit more likely to occur: its mental accessibility, the discrepancy of the represented state with the actual state, and its association with positive affect. We present findings, largely established in our own labs, that demonstrate the crucial role of these three factors. We will close the chapter by showing how the framework can help to address some of the pressing issues in the research on non-conscious goal pursuit.
Electrical Properties of AlN x O y Thin Films Prepared by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering

Direct current magnetron sputtering was used to produce AlNxOy thin films, using an aluminum target, argon and a mixture of N2+O2 (17:3) as reactive gases. The partial pressure of the reactive gas mixture was increased, maintaining the discharge current constant. Within the two identified regimes of the target (metallic and compound), four different tendencies for the deposition rate were found and a morphological evolution from columnar towards cauliflower-type, ending up as dense and featureless-type films. The structure was found to be Al-type (face centered cubic) and the structural characterization carried out by X-ray