Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypohydration and Mood State in Free-Living Males and Females

Previous research has shown that acute dehydration can result in changes in mood. These changes have been reported in less than a 1% loss in total body water. However, the effect of hypohydration (i.e., reflected through high urine concentration) on mood in free-living conditions has not been studied. PURPOSE: The present study was designed to determine if hydration status is associated with mood within the general population under free-living conditions. METHODS: A group of 103 apparently healthy subjects (49 male, 54 female, 41±14 y, 1.7±0.1 m, 76.1±16.9 kg) completed three visits separated by a week. Mood was assessed by the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire during each visit. Participants were familiarized to the POMS questionnaire on their first visit. Hydration was assessed via urine osmolality (uOsm), urine specific gravity (USG), and urine color (UC) done on both spot and twenty four hour (24-h) urine samples taken during the 2nd and 3rd visits. Urine indices and POMS data from the 2nd and 3rd visit were averaged to attain measurements for analyses. RESULTS: Overall USG displayed significance in predicting changes in Vigor/Acuity (P = 0.031). UOsm (P = 0.006) and USG (P = 0.012), as well as 24-h uOsm (P < 0.001) and USG (P < 0.001) showed significance in predicting Vigor/Acuity in females. 24-h uOsm (P = 0.012) and USG (P = 0.004) were a significant predictor of a female's feelings of friendliness. No significant relationships were found for the male subjects. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that hydration status affects mood specifically in free-living females but not in males.
Are inner cave communities more stable than entrance communities in Lapa Nova show cave

Abstract Lapa Nova is a dolomitic Brazilian show cave. Invertebrate fauna registered for this cave is quite rich and abundant. During two intensive surveys in 2009, 24,482 invertebrate individuals belonging to 187 species were sampled. We found 160 species in April sampling, while in September sampling richness was considerably lower, 102 species, with a remarkable species turnover. In this paper the species richness, abundance and species diversity is presented. The Shannon`s diversity index was 2.79 and 2.87 for April and September, respectively. Although one would expect less variations to be found in the deep cave community (when compared to those located near the entrances), due to higher environmental stability, this was not observed at Lapa Nova cave. This “paradox” is probably due to the intense tourism that occurs in the cave, which imposes “instability” in all sectors, not only in nearby entrance areas. Visitation at the cave probably altered the expected natural distribution pattern, imposing a new organization of the communities, driven by the unstable conditions imposed by cave tourism.
Science Teachers' Perceptions of and Approaches towards Students' Misconceptions on Photosynthesis: A Comparison Study between US and Korea.

Background:A critical component of teacher effectiveness is how teachers notice students’ misconceptions and adjust the instructional approach accordingly.Taking a stance that the teachers’ instructional quality is crucial to students’ learning, a qualitative international comparison study was performed to examine science teachers’ perceptions of and their approaches toward students’ misconception on photosynthesis between the United States (US) and South Korea.Material and methods:A web-based on-line survey consisting of open-ended questions was administered to secondary science teachers and 85 and 81 teacher responses were collected from the US and Korea, respectively.Results:Constructed responses were analyzed using the constant comparative method and enumerative approach through which regularities and patterns in the responses emerged. Four categories emerged concerning teacher perceptions of misconceptions: Concept, Knowledge Construction, Curriculum, and Pedagogical. Most teachers employed Concept or Knowledge Construction perspective to identify and reason out student misconceptions in both countries. In respect to instructional strategies, two dominant patterns emerged: content-focused and student-focused strategies. Teachers from both countries demonstrated the most frequent use of content-centered approaches, although the patterns of the usage in relation to their perceptions towards misconceptions were different to some degree.Conclusions:Possible attributing factors for the observed patterns and some limitations of the study are further discussed.
Understanding Consumer response to GMO Information

Many studies have found that consumers are willing to pay a price premium for non-genetically modified organism (non-GMO) products compared to GMO products, even though scientific analysis showed that GMOs are safe for both human health and environment. In this study, we investigated whether the information on health and safety of GMOs can affect or change consumer’s acceptance towards GMO products. Grocery shoppers were provided with the news of the 2016 National Academy of Sciences Report on GMO products and participated in the second price auctions for different products including beef, canola oil, cotton ball, milk, yogurt, and zucchini. We found that health concern was the key reason that consumers prefer non-GMO products to GMO products. People who believe that GMOs have negative effect on health would like to pay more for non-GMO products. Moreover, information about the health and safety of GMOs can change consumers’ perception on GMO, but the effectiveness of the information may vary among different news media for different consumers.
Serpentinization of oceanic peridotites: 1. A high‐sensitivity method to monitor magnetite production in hydrothermal experiments

[1] A new method using the magnetic properties of magnetite, Fe 3 O 4 , was developed to monitor experimental serpentinization. The saturation remanent magnetization signal (Jrs) was measured during the course of experiments designed to react San Carlos olivine, (Mg 0.91 , Fe 0.09) 2 SiO 4 , with water at 250 to 350°C and 500 bars. At the end of the experiments, the ratio with saturation magnetization (Jrs/Js ratio) allowed to convert each successive Jrs measurement into an in situ amount of magnetite produced by the serpentinization reaction. Water weight loss was also measured on the end product to determine the final degree of serpentinization. The application of this procedure to a series of experiments performed at 300°C/500 bars for various run duration (9 to 514 days) and starting olivine grain size (1 to 150 mm) shows a linear relationship between magnetite production and reaction progress. This relationship can be safely transposed to other experimental conditions using thermochemical modeling and/or the Fe content of the product phases. We show that this high-sensitivity magnetic method is a powerful tool to precisely monitor serpentinization kinetics in Fe-bearing systems. It represents, in addition, a new indirect mean for monitoring the production of hydrogen which is bound to magnetite production rate. Citation: Malvoisin, B. , J. Carlut, and F. Brunet (2012), Serpentinization of oceanic peridotites: 1. A high-sensitivity method to monitor magnetite production in hydrothermal experiments,
Batch production of L(+) lactic acid from whey by Lactobacillus casei (NRRL B-441)

The effects of temperature, pH, and medium composition on lactic acid production by Lactobacillus casei were investigated. The highest lactic acid productivity values were obtained at 37 °C and pH 5.5. The productivity was 1.87 g dm−3 h−1 at 37 °C in shake flasks. In the fermenter, a productivity of 3.97 g dm−3 h−1 was obtained at pH 5.5. The most appropriate yeast extract concentration was 5.0 g dm−3. Whey yielded a higher productivity value than the analytical lactose and glucose. Initial whey lactose concentration did not affect lactic acid productivity. MnSO4 ·H2O was necessary for lactic acid production by L casei from whey. Product yields were approximately 0.93 g lactic acid g lactose−1. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
NEW LOOK AT THE CONSTRUCTIONS OF MULTIWAVELET FRAMES

Using the flberization technique of a shift-invariant space and the matrix characterization of the decomposition of a shift-invariant space of flnite length into an orthogonal sum of singly generated shift-invariant spaces, we show that the main result in [L. Mu, Z. Zhang, P. Zhang, Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. 16 (2004), 44{59] can be interpreted as a statement about the length of a shift-invariant space, and give a more natural construction of multiwavelet frames from a frame multiresolution analysis of L 2 (R d ).
Investigating the Predictive Ability of Admission GRE Scores on Graduation GPA Scores of Domestic and International Students in Construction Management Graduate School Programs

Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado GRE scores have been part of graduate admission requirements for both domestic and international students in some construction management educational programs in the USA because academic committees tend to believe that it predicts academic performance and success of students. This study assessed the predictive ability of admission GRE scores on cumulative graduation GPA scores of domestic and international graduate students. The hypothesis was that students who scored high in GRE would attain higher graduation GPAs and that there was no difference in performance based on the nationality of students. The independent variables were GRE verbal, GRE quantitative and total GRE scores while the dependent variable was the GPA score. SAS v9.3 statistical analysis software facilitated the analysis of the data obtained from three construction management graduate schools in the USA. The results showed weak predictive indices where GRE quantitative was the better predictor of GPA. Thus, the hypothesis of higher GPAs associated with higher GRE scores was weakly supported. In addition, the hypothesis of no difference in performance based on the nationality of the students was also supported. It was recommended that admission committees should re-evaluate requiring GRE scores.
FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY S OLIDS MIXING IN BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BEDS

For solid fuels, thermochemical conversion processes such as combustion and gasification are especially suitable to be carried out in fluidized bed units because of the relatively high mixing rates, fuel flexibility and the possibility to use active bed material to enhance process efficiency. Mixing of fuel is important to ensure complete conversion and reduced emissions of unburnt material. Furthermore, mixing of the bulk material has its importance in that it governs the variations of the temperature field across the bed. Thus, in order to optimize the operation of existing units and the design of new units, there is a need to understand and quantify solids mixing. Despite solids mixing in fluidized beds having been investigated for several decades, there is still lack of knowledge in the area. A common approach is to quantify mixing using a dispersion coefficient. However, values for the dispersion coefficients published in literature are scattered over several orders of magnitude and have often been derived from small units operated at ambient conditions, i.e. are not representative for industrial scale fluidized beds. In the present work methods are presented to evaluate lateral mixing for both the bulk solids and fuel particles and vertical mixing of fuel. The experimental work is conducted in fluiddynamically downscaled units and a large-scale unit, i.e. the results are relevant for commercial conditions. A novel 3-dimensional particle tracking system based on anisotropic magneto resistance sensors has been implemented which provides detailed information about flow structures of the solids found within the bed. Furthermore a novel camera probe has been used to enable tracking of several fuel particles in an industrial scale bed operated at elevated temperature. The lateral dispersion coefficients for bulk solids obtained in the present work are two orders of magnitude larger than what has been published in literature previously, which is explained by the application of fluid dynamic scaling to study large-scale units. Since wall effects are of
Understanding high wintertime ozone pollution events in an oil- and natural gas-producing region of the western US

Abstract. Recent increases in oil and natural gas (NG) production throughout the western US have come with scientific and public interest in emission rates, air quality and climate impacts related to this industry. This study uses a regional-scale air quality model (WRF-Chem) to simulate high ozone (O3) episodes during the winter of 2013 over the Uinta Basin (UB) in northeastern Utah, which is densely populated by thousands of oil and NG wells. The high-resolution meteorological simulations are able qualitatively to reproduce the wintertime cold pool conditions that occurred in 2013, allowing the model to reproduce the observed multi-day buildup of atmospheric pollutants and the accompanying rapid photochemical ozone formation in the UB. Two different emission scenarios for the oil and NG sector were employed in this study. The first emission scenario (bottom-up) was based on the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Emission Inventory (NEI) (2011, version 1) for the oil and NG sector for the UB. The second emission scenario (top-down) was based on estimates of methane (CH4) emissions derived from in situ aircraft measurements and a regression analysis for multiple species relative to CH4 concentration measurements in the UB. Evaluation of the model results shows greater underestimates of CH4 and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the simulation with the NEI-2011 inventory than in the case when the top-down emission scenario was used. Unlike VOCs, the NEI-2011 inventory significantly overestimates the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), while the top-down emission scenario results in a moderate negative bias. The model simulation using the top-down emission case captures the buildup and afternoon peaks observed during high O3 episodes. In contrast, the simulation using the bottom-up inventory is not able to reproduce any of the observed high O3 concentrations in the UB. Simple emission reduction scenarios show that O3 production is VOC sensitive and NOx insensitive within the UB. The model results show a disproportionate contribution of aromatic VOCs to O3 formation relative to all other VOC emissions. The model analysis reveals that the major factors driving high wintertime O3 in the UB are shallow boundary layers with light winds, high emissions of VOCs from oil and NG operations compared to NOx emissions, enhancement of photolysis fluxes and reduction of O3 loss from deposition due to snow cover.
MatrigelBD, A Biocompatible Scaffold that Improves Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Proliferation

MatrigelBD es un andamiaje de hidrogel con redes tridimensionales entrecruzadas de polimeros hidrofilos con un alto contenido de agua. El tejido gingival humano podria representar una mejor fuente de MSCs, estas celulas pueden obtenerse facilmente de una manera relativamente no invasiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la biocompatibilidad de MatrigelBD con GMSCs in vitro. Muestras gingivales de tejido conectivo se obtuvieron de donantes sanos. El tejido se trituro y se cultivo durante dos semanas, y cuando las celulas se encontraban en el cuarto pasaje se les analizo su fenotipo inmunologico utilizando citometria de flujo. Se indujo la diferenciacion hacia los linajes osteogenico, condrogenico y adipogenico, evaluandose con tinciones. El "constructo" se hizo de MatrigelBD con GMSC. Para evaluar la biocompatibilidad, se realizo un ensayo de proliferacion celular: MTT. Se analizo el potencial de diferenciacion de las celulas hacia los linajes osteogenico, adipogenico y condrogenico despues de 21 dias de cultivo en MatrigelBD con medio de diferenciacion de induccion. El analisis de MTT mostro que MatrigelBD estimula la proliferacion celular; GMSCs mantiene la expresion de marcadores de MSC. Es importante destacar que el crecimiento de GMSCs en MatrigelBD no interfirio con el potencial de diferenciacion celular. Estos hallazgos indican que MatrigelBD es biocompatible con GMSCs, y esta matriz mejora la proliferacion celular in vitro.
Standardizing the nomenclature of Martian impact crater ejecta morphologies

The Mars Crater Morphology Consortium recommends the use of a standardized nomenclature system when discussing Martian impact crater ejecta morphologies. The system utilizes nongenetic descriptors to identify the various ejecta morphologies seen on Mars. This system is designed to facilitate communication and collaboration between researchers. Crater morphology databases will be archived through the U.S. Geological Survey in Flagstaff, where a comprehensive catalog of Martian crater morphologic information will be maintained.
The Analysis and Synthesis of Strategic Management Research in the Third Sector from Early 2000 Through to Mid-2009

The Analysis and Synthesis of Strategic Management Research in the Third Sector from Early 2000 Through to Mid-2009 The purpose of this paper is to analyse the contemporary literature on strategic management in non-profit organizations. The area at hand is divided into five categories: modern management and strategic management approaches/theories; analysis of the roles of externalities and internalities in the Third Sector; review of how strategic management has been applied for non-profit organizations; review of applications and enhanced identification of one or more strategies utilised by non-profit organizations; application of specific methods and tools in strategic management. Four dilemmas faced by modern management theory serve as a synthetic axis. First, how can the existing commercial management concepts and techniques be best adapted to the realities of the non-profit sector? Secondly, which of the established schools of strategic management is the most relevant one for non-profits? In fact, is it appropriate to look for a brand new school of thought? Thirdly, and this is again related to academic pursuits, what coherent theory can explain the efficiency of non-profit organizations. Fourthly, there is the dilemma what strategy to employ when faced with a choice between the willingness and the need to apply competitive strategies and the co-operative strategy in the third sector.
Dunkl operators, Bessel functions and the discriminant of a finite Coxeter group

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Looking for the party? The effects of partisan change on issue attention in UK Acts of Parliament

Political parties matter for government outcomes. Despite this general finding for political science research, recent work on public policy and agenda-setting has found just the opposite; parties generally do not matter when it comes to explaining government attention. While the common explanation for this finding is that issue attention is different than the location of policy, this explanation has never truly been tested. Through the use of data on nearly 65 years of UK Acts of Parliament, this paper presents a detailed investigation of the effect parties have on issue attention in UK Acts of Parliament. It demonstrates that elections alone do not explain changes in the distribution of policies across issues. Instead, the parties’ organizations, responses to economic conditions, and size of the parliamentary delegation influence the stability of issue attention following a party transition.
THE TEMPERATURES OF RED SUPERGIANTS

We present a re-appraisal of the temperatures of red supergiants (RSGs) using their optical and near-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We have obtained data of a sample of RSGs in the Magellanic Clouds using VLT+XSHOOTER, and we fit MARCS model atmospheres to different regions of the spectra, deriving effective temperatures for each star from (1) the TiO bands, (2) line-free continuum regions of the SEDs, and (3) the integrated fluxes. We show that the temperatures derived from fits to the TiO bands are systematically lower than the other two methods by several hundred kelvin. The TiO fits also dramatically overpredict the flux in the near-IR, and imply extinctions which are anomalously low compared to neighboring stars. In contrast, the SED temperatures provide good fits to the fluxes at all wavelengths other than the TiO bands, are in agreement with the temperatures from the flux integration method, and imply extinctions consistent with nearby stars. After considering a number of ways to reconcile this discrepancy, we conclude that three-dimensional effects (i.e., granulation) are the most likely cause, as they affect the temperature structure in the upper layers where the TiO lines form. The continuum, however, which forms at much deeper layers, is apparently more robust to such effects. We therefore conclude that RSG temperatures are much warmer than previously thought. We discuss the implications of this result for stellar evolution and supernova progenitors, and provide relations to determine the bolometric luminosities of RSGs from single-band photometry.
Inappropriate Circumstances for Laparoscopic Surgery

The main purpose of this book is to address some important issues related to gynecologic laparoscopy. Since the early breakthroughs by its pioneers, laparoscopic gynecologic surgery has gained popularity due to developments in illumination and instrumentation that led to the emergence of laparoscopy in the late 1980's as a credible diagnostic as well as therapeutic intervention. This book is unique in that it will review common, useful information about certain laparoscopic procedures, including technique and instruments, and then discuss common difficulties faced during each operation. We also discuss the uncommon and occasionally even anecdotal cases and the safest ways to deal with them. We are honored to have had a group of world experts in laparoscopic gynecologic surgery valuably contribute to our book.
Research article RESPONSES OF SOYBEAN LEAVES AND GRAIN YIELD TO WATER STRESS AT REPRODUCTIVE STAGES

* Email: golezani@gmail.com ABSTRACT : A field experiment was carried out as split plot based on RCB design with four replications in 2011 to assess the effects of different irrigation treatments (I 1 , I 2 , I 3 and I 4 : well-watering on the bases of 70 mm evaporation from class A pan and irrigation disruptions during flowering, during grain filling and during flowering and grain filling stages, respectively) on some physiological traits and grain yield of three soybean cultivars (Clark, Williams and L17). Results showed that with increasing water stress, leaf temperature increased, while chlorophyll content index, quantum yield of the PSII (Fv/Fm) and grain yield decreased. Maximum leaf temperature and minimum chlorophyll content were observed under water stress. Maximum reduction in Fv/Fm and grain yield per unit area was observed when plants were subjected to water stress during flowering and grain filling stages (I 4 ). Williams produced the highest grain yield per unit area, which related with higher leaf chlorophyll content of this cultivar.