Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CREDIT RATIONING FOR SME’S IN THE CORPORATE BANK LOAN MARKET OF A BANK-BASED ECONOMY Prof. dr

Credit rationing is by many Keynesian economists nowadays seen as one of the most important examples of market failure in a modern capitalistic economy. Credit rationing occurs if in equilibrium the demand for loans exceeds the supply at the ruling price (interest rate). Since SMEs in a bank-based financial system like Belgium, heavily rely on bank finance, this restricted access to bank finance could have a negative effect on the investment in new profitable projects and growth of the economy. We study the empirical significance of credit rationing for SMEs in a Belgian context by means of an extensive panel data set consisting of 2.698 SMEs reporting data over the period 1993-2001. The novelty of our research is twofold. First, we make the distinction between credit rationing for long and short term bank debt, of which the relevance was suggested in a theoretical model by Das (2004). Second, in contrast to the numerous previous studies, pioneered by Fazzari et al. (1988), we opt for an endogenous classification into ‘credit rationed’ and ‘non credit rationed’ firms, allowing for switching between both groups throughout time. Our results, based on an instrumental variable technique being 3SLS, suggest that, over the entire period, more than 50% of the Belgian SMEs are credit rationed. In most years, long term bank debt is being slightly more rationed than short term bank debt, except in 2001. The results reveal that credit rationed firms for short term bank debt are smaller, faster growing firms with less financial strength and much less current assets to offer as collateral. For long term bank debt, credit rationed firms are in general smaller and younger, low growth firms with low cash flow to assets ratios and much less tangible assets to offer as collateral even though they have a higher added value and return on assets ratio than unconstrained firms. We can conclude from both analyses that constrained Belgian SMEs can be mainly characterized as young, small SMEs with little internal financial resources and a lack of assets to guarantee the repayment of debt. EFM classification codes: 140; 800
Physico-chemical, malting and biochemical properties of some improved Nigerian barley cultivars and their malts.

Five improved Nigerian barley cultivars (ESCOBA, ASE-2, ALOE, GOB-2, SUMBARD) were obtained from Lake Chad Research Institute Maiduguri, Nigeria, and their physicochemical, malting and biochemical properties investigated employing standard procedures. Data were analyzed by means of ANOVA [at 95% significant level] and correlations using SPSS 14 software. Results showed GOB-2 grain and malt recording the highest kernel weight (47.50 g) and kernel volume (41.21 ml); whereas ALOE grain had the longest kernel length (13.40 mm) and GOB-2 the shortest (9.40 mm). GOB-2 had the largest major diameter (3.39 mm) and SUMBARD had the least (2.86 mm). ESCOBA, SUMBARD and ASE-2 cultivars had the highest protein values (as %N) of 14.90%, 13.90% and 13.69% respectively, while ALOE, ASE-2 and GOB-2had the highest total carbohydrates of 69.97, 69.39 and 68.90% respectively. All the cultivars had good germinative capacities (> 90%), with GOB-2 and ASE-2 having the highest germinative energy values of 96.65% and 95.00%. No significant (p > 0.05) changes in the dimension of the kernels after malting. SUMBARD recorded the highest malt yields (88.55%)followed by ASE-2 (83.45%) and ALOE (82.00%). The highest α-amylase activities of 105.34 and 96.23 unit/mg protein/min were recorded by ASE-2 and ALOE, respectively, with corresponding diastatic powers of 81.92 and 76.23oL. Thousand kernel weight correlated positivelywith protein (r = 0.500, P < 0.05) and with total soluble solids (r = 0.435, p < 0.05) but negatively with α-amylase (r = -0.869, p < 0.05) and with diastatic power (r = -0.838, p < 0.05). This study showed that the cultivars have good potentials for use as malting materials in beverage making.
Stellar populations of stellar halos: Results from the Illustris simulation

Abstract The influence of both major and minor mergers is expected to significantly affect gradients of stellar ages and metallicities in the outskirts of galaxies. Measurements of observed gradients are beginning to reach large radii in galaxies, but a theoretical framework for connecting the findings to a picture of galactic build-up is still in its infancy. We analyze stellar populations of a statistically representative sample of quiescent galaxies over a wide mass range from the Illustris simulation. We measure metallicity and age profiles in the stellar halos of quiescent Illustris galaxies ranging in stellar mass from 1010 to 1012M⊙, accounting for observational projection and luminosity-weighting effects. We find wide variance in stellar population gradients between galaxies of similar mass, with typical gradients agreeing with observed galaxies. We show that, at fixed mass, the fraction of stars born in-situ within galaxies is correlated with the metallicity gradient in the halo, confirming that stellar halos contain unique information about the build-up and merger histories of galaxies.
Association of growth hormone gene polymorphism with quantitative characteristics of thin-tailed sheep using PCR-RFLP in Jambi province

The objective of this research was to obtain quantitative growth hormone gene polymorphism association between growth hormone gene genotype with quantitative characteristics of the thin-tail sheep in the highlands and lowlands of Jambi Province. Two phases of research were done on the field and in the laboratory. Field research which was conducted to obtain the quantitative characteristics data includes; withers height (WH), body length (BL), chest grid (ChG), chest depth (ChD), chest width (ChW), body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG). Laboratory research included: DNA isolation, amplification and gel purification, characterization and identification using PCR-RFLP with the MspI, and AluI. Quantitative characteristics data was collected from 240 heads of thin-tailed sheep. Blood samples were collected from 160 of them and all were between the ages of 1 and 2 years (I1 = pair of permanent teeth). Field research was conducted in the Kerinci District and Sungai Penuh City (Highlands) and Muara Jambi Districts and Batanghari Districts (lowlands). The purposive sampling technique used in this research revealed that: 1) quantitative characteristics (BW, BWG, BL, ChG, ChD, and ChW) of thin-tailed sheep both male and female in highland were better than in the lowlands; 2) studied locus was polymorphic on the highlands and lowlands; 3) the highest of genotype and allele frequencies of both highlands and lowlands were related to the genotype (+/+) and allele (+), respectively; 4) the highest quantitative characteristic (BW BW, BWG, BL, ChG, ChD, and ChW) of thin-tailed sheep was genotype (+/+); and 5) the diversity of GH genes MspI and AluI were associated with BW, BWG, BL, ChG, ChD, and ChW of thin-tailed sheep both on the highlands and lowlands of Jambi Province. Key words: Characterization, local sheep, thin-tailed sheep, diversity, growth hormone (GH) gene, lowlands, highlands, PCR-RFLP.
On Type IIn/Ia-CSM supernovae as exemplified by SN 2012ca

Funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement n◦ [291222] (SJS). This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360. SB and AP acknowledge the PRIN-INAF 2011 project ‘Transient Universe: from ESO Large to PESSTO’. Support for GP is provided by the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism’s Millennium Science Initiative through grant IC120009, awarded to The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, MAS.
Fitting Eyewitness Identification and Confidence to a Diffusion Model of Processing

It is necessary to better serve justice to understand the mechanisms behind eyewitness identification and reports of confidence. The material contained within attempt to fit eyewitness identification to a diffusion model of processing, RTCON (Ratcliff & Starns, 2009). Participants saw eight mock crime videos and were then tasked with using eight showups or eight lineups to identify the suspects within the video. Half of the presentations were target present and half were target absent. Additionally, participants were either presented with biased or unbiased instructions. Strangely, unbiased lineups led to higher hit rates which is contrary to most findings in the field. The key elements were comparing the ROC curves of the collected data with the ROC curves of simulated data from the RTCON model. The variables manipulated in the model included mu, a variable of memory strength; confidence criteria, a variable of response bias; and decision criteria, a second variable of response bias. The ROC curves derived from the simulated data were poor matches to the collected data. This finding leads to questions on the applicability of this model of diffusion processing to eyewitness research. Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge the work and support given from her advisor, Dr. James Lampinen, and her committee members, Dr. Denise Beike and Dr. Bill Levine. She would also like to acknowledge the diligent work of her undergraduate research assistant, without whom, the research could not have been completed. Dedication The author would like to dedicate the following work to her mother, who is always a source of strength and support. Table of
Starbursting Brightest Cluster Galaxy: a Herschel view of the massive cluster MACS J1931.8-2634

We investigate the dust-obscured star formation properties of the massive, X-ray selected galaxy cluster MACS J1931.8{2634 at z=0.352. Using far-infrared (FIR) imaging in the range 100-500 m obtained with the Herschel telescope, we extract 31 sources (2 ) within r 1 Mpc from the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). Among these sources we identify six cluster members for which we perform an analysis of their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We measure total infrared luminosity (LIR), star formation rate (SFR) and dust temperature. The BCG, with LIR=1.4 10 12 L is an Ultra Luminous Infrared Galaxy and hosts a type II AGN. We decompose its FIR SED into AGN and starburst components and nd equal contributions from AGN and starburst.
Arterial vascularization of the brain of the agouti (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1766)

The agouti, a rodent that is geographically distributed throughout South America, is greatly valued for its meat. This paper describes the arterial vascularization of the base of the agouti’s brain, characterizing behavior, and arterial origin and distribution. Ten animals from the Center for the Multiplication of Wild Animals (CEMAS/UFERSA) were used and the study was approved by SISBIO (report number 32413- 1) and the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (CEUA/UFERSA) (protocol 02/2010). After euthanasia, the animals were incised in the thoracic cavity by an injection of red-stained Neoprene latex 650 and the skulls were subsequently opened. The brains were extracted from the skulls for ventral surface analysis and then fixed in an aqueous 10% formaldehyde solution. The agouti’s arterial vascularization of the brain has two main components, namely the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems. The agouti’s carotid system accounts for vascularization of almost the entire forebrain, while the vertebrobasilar system accounts for vascularization of almost the entire posterior brain (medulla oblongata, pyramid, trapezoid body, cerebellum, bridge, and part of the third caudal section of the forebrain) through the caudal cerebral arteries originating from the terminal branches of the basilar artery. The main arteries on the brain surface include the basilar artery, which is unique, and the arterial pairs, specifically the vertebral arteries, cerebellar caudal arteries, trigeminal artery, rostral cerebellar artery, basilar terminal branch artery, cerebral caudal artery, communicating caudal branch of the cerebral carotid artery, cerebral carotid artery, communicating branch rostral cerebral carotid artery, choroidal rostral artery, medial branch of the communicating branch rostral artery, internal ophthalmic artery, middle cerebral artery, and rostral cerebral artery.
Impact of Class Time on Student Learning

Time can be interpreted as a resource and, as such, the amount of time devoted to the education of children is often examined as a separate and central resource in the educational process (Baker, Fabrega, Galindo, & Mishook, 2004). However, despite its simplistic appearance, time in an educational setting is a complex issue. This is partially because the amount of time actually spent on instructional tasks and the efficiency of instruction are hard to determine—instructional time is dependent on its relationship to curriculum and instructional quality (Baker et al., 2004). However, discussions regarding education and the notion of time typically gravitate toward a focus on the school year and on the school day, and it is from this perspective that the concept is examined.
Structure and Properties of Nanocomposites Formed by the Occlusion of Block Copolymer Worms and Vesicles Within Calcite Crystals

This article describes an experimentally versatile strategy for producing inorganic/organic nanocomposites, with control over the microstructure at the nano‐ and mesoscales. Taking inspiration from biominerals, CaCO3 is coprecipitated with anionic diblock copolymer worms or vesicles to produce single crystals of calcite occluding a high density of the organic component. This approach can also be extended to generate complex structures in which the crystals are internally patterned with nano‐objects of differing morphologies. Extensive characterization of the nanocomposite crystals using high resolution synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy demonstrates how the occlusions affect the short and long‐range order of the crystal lattice. By comparison with nanocomposite crystals containing latex particles and copolymer micelles, it is shown that the effect of these occlusions on the crystal lattice is dominated by the interface between the inorganic crystal and the organic nano‐objects, rather than the occlusion size. This is supported by in situ atomic force microscopy studies of worm occlusion in calcite, which reveal flattening of the copolymer worms on the crystal surface, followed by burial and void formation. Finally, the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite crystals are determined using nanoindentation techniques, which reveal that they have hardnesses approaching those of biogenic calcites.
NKX3.2 plays a key role in regulating HIF1α-directed angiogenesis in chondrocytes

The cellular fraction of cartilage is mainly composed of one single cell type, the chondrocyte, which secretes, shapes and maintains the cartilaginous matrix that functions, in the case of epiphyseal cartilage, as the template for bone elongation. The biomechanical properties of cartilage are dependent mainly on the composition, as well as the macromolecular integrity of its matrix contributing to the functional and phenotypic differences between cartilage subtypes (1). For example, articular cartilage (AC) is a highly resilient tissue that allows low-friction joint articulation. In contrast, growth plate (GP) cartilage is populated by highly proliferative chondrocytes that undergo hypertrophic differentiation in an angiogenesis-promoting spatiotemporal manner, serving as a mold for longitudinal bone growth. As such, an in sharp contrast to AC, GP cartilage is a transient tissue and is replaced by bone in a process known as endochondral ossification (2).
Tail probability of random variable and Laplace transform

We investigate the exponential decay of the tail probability P(X > x) of a continuous type random variable X. Let ϕ(s) be the Laplace–Stieltjes transform of the probability distribution function F(x) = P(X ≤ x) of X, and σ0 be the abscissa of convergence of ϕ(s). We will prove that if −∞ < σ0 < 0 and the singularities of ϕ(s) on the axis of convergence are only a finite number of poles, then the tail probability decays exponentially. For the proof of our theorem, Ikehara's Tauberian theorem will be extended and applied.
The Economic Effects of Social Networks: Evidence from the Housing Market

We show how data from online social networking services can help researchers better understand the effects of social interactions on economic decision making. We combine anonymized data from Facebook, the largest online social network, with housing transaction data and explore both the structure and the effects of social networks. Individuals whose geographically distant friends experienced larger recent house price increases are more likely to transition from renting to owning. They also buy larger houses and pay more for a given house. Survey data show that these relationships are driven by the effects of social interactions on individuals’ housing market expectations.
The Development of a MBCT Self-Assessment Scale

Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) continues to gain evidential support as an intervention to impact on relapse and recurrence of depression. Researchers and MBCT Clinicians seek higher levels of treatment fidelity to maximise positive outcomes, through the use of treatment manuals, assessment scales and other supporting tools. Semi-structured group interviews with MBCT trained clinicians and subsequent thematic analysis, identified core elements of a new MBCT Self-Assessment scale and benefits, challenges, and enablers to implementation of MBCT training. The study findings support inclusion of an MBCT-Self Assessment Scale in MBCT Program implementation and suggest a range of other practical strategies for improved treatment fidelity.
Women, land and power in Bangladesh: Jhagrapur revisited

Khadija, a rich peasant widow, was clearly upset: I inherited 9 bigha (3 acres) of land from my maternal uncle who brought me up, but my sons have registered my land in their names, they took my fingerprint. I have to listen to my husband. If he talks bad I have to listen, if he talks good I have to listen, whatever he talks I have to listen. Otherwise there is no peace. (Anselma, a middle peasant woman in Jhagrapur). These quotes from women in Jhagrapur, a village in Bangladesh, illustrate the position of a large number of women with regard to land ownership and unequal power relations. Jenneke Arens investigated the complex relation between women’s land ownership and their position in the household, the family and society. She also analysed the role that women’s land ownership could play in their empowerment and in challenging and changing structural gender and class inequalities, in particular from the point of view of poor peasant women. This empirical study is a follow-up of the 1970s village study Jhagrapur: Poor Peasant and Women in a Village in Bangladesh (Jenneke Arens & Jos van Beurden, 1977). It also covers changes in gender and class relations since 1975.
Intra-household decisions making on intertemporal choices: An experimental study in rural China

In this paper, we conduct a high stake experiment in rural China to investigate the determinants of individual and joint decisions regarding intertemporal choices, and estimate the relative influence of spouses on the joint decisions. We use the Convex Time Budget experimental method to elicit individual and joint decisions on how much money to allocate to an early and a later date. We find that the rates of return have significant effects on the decisions, yet both individual and joint decisions exhibit present-biased time preferences. We also find that both spouses have a significant influence on joint decisions. However, husbands have a stronger influence than wives. Although there are few individual and household characteristics related to the relative influence, we do find a link between relative influence in the experiment and households’ decisions on financial savings in real life. We also find that neither the order of the individual and joint decisions nor the initial control of the endowment in the joint decision affects the behavior in the experiment.
Parameter Identifiability of Ship Manoeuvring Modeling Using System Identification

To improve the feasibility of system identification in the prediction of ship manoeuvrability, several measures are presented to deal with the parameter identifiability in the parametric modeling of ship manoeuvring motion based on system identification. Drift of nonlinear hydrodynamic coefficients is explained from the point of view of regression analysis. To diminish the multicollinearity in a complicated manoeuvring model, difference method and additional signal method are employed to reconstruct the samples. Moreover, the structure of manoeuvring model is simplified based on correlation analysis. Manoeuvring simulation is performed to demonstrate the validity of the measures proposed.
Distances People Walk for Transport

We present detailed information on the distances people walk for transport purposes in Brisbane, Australia. The data is derived from the South East Queensland Travel Survey 2003-04 - Brisbane Statistical Division, a household travel survey providing information on the weekday travel of 10 931 respondents, weighted and expanded for a city population of 1 615 579 persons. The vast majority of non-motorised travel recorded was walking for transport, whether this comprised trips using the walking mode only, or whether it was walking made to and from public transport. We report the full distributions of the distances walked for transport from homes to other places, as well as the walk travel made between places other than homes. Single-mode walk trips are longer than the walk trip stages made to and from public transport, both in terms of distance and time. However, there are more than twice as many walk trip stages made to and from public transport. The median and 85th percentile distances people walk from home to all other places using the walk mode only are 780 m and 1.45 km respectively; from home to all public transport stops, 600 m and 1.30 km; and from public transport stops to end destinations, 470 m and 1.09 km.