Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young maternal age and depressive symptoms: results from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey.

OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to provide population-based estimates of the prevalence of depressive symptoms among primiparous US adolescent mothers. METHODS Data from the live-birth component of the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey were analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms varied by age and race, from 14% among White adult mothers to 48% among Black mothers 15 to 17 years old. After control for income and marital status, the increased prevalence of depressive symptoms associated with adolescent motherhood was greatly diminished (for 15- to 17-year-old Black women and 18- to 19-year-old White women) or eliminated (for 18- to 19-year-old Black women and 15- to 17-year-old White women). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent mothers experience high rates of depressive symptoms relative to adult mothers, and mental health and other interventions that alleviate the exacerbating influence of poverty and unmarried status are warranted.
Gain and fidelity of transmission patterns at cortical excitatory unitary synapses improve spike encoding

Neuronal spike encoding and synaptic transmission in the brain need be precise and reliable for well-organized behavior and cognition. Little is known about how a unitary synapse reliably transmits presynaptic sequential spikes and how multiple unitary synapses precisely drive their postsynaptic neurons to encode spikes. To address these questions, we investigated the dynamics of glutamatergic unitary synapses as well as their role in driving the encoding of cortical fast-spiking neurons. Synaptic transmission patterns randomly fluctuate among facilitation, depression and parallel over time. The postsynaptic calmodulin-signaling pathway enhances initial responses and converts this fluctuation to a synaptic depression. We integrated current pulses mathematically based on synaptic plasticity and found that they improve spike capacity and timing precision by shortening the spike refractory period at postsynaptic neurons. Our results indicate that the gain and fidelity of synaptic patterns enable reliable transmission of presynaptic signals by the synapse and precise encoding of spikes by postsynaptic neurons. These reproducible neural codes may be involved in controlling well-organized behavior.
Approximation Algorithms for Network Design Problems on Bounded Subsets

We address the problem of designing a network so that certain connectivity requirements are satisfied, at minimum cost of the edges used. The requirements are specified for each subset of vertices in terms of the number of edges with one endpoint in the set. We address a class of such problems, where the connectivity is required for sets of bounded size,p. We show that for fixedp(p? 2), the problem is NP-complete, regardless of whether the requirement function is proper or not. For this class of bounded network design problems, we describe anO(logp)-approximation algorithm for the case of a proper requirement function. We introduce a relaxation of the network design problem ondirected graphs, where the requirement of each set is satisfied by the arcs that have their tails in the set. The relaxation allows arcswithinthe set to count toward the requirement of the set. We show that this relaxed problem is polynomial-time solvable if the requirement function isproper. The corresponding relaxation of the undirected problem is also polynomial-time solvable when the requirement function is proper. It is shown that in the case where the requirement function is not proper, the relaxed version is NP-complete. The integer relaxed problem or its linear programming relaxation is used to produce an approximate solution to the network design problem. Our analysis illustrates that the requirement of properness affects the difficulty of the problem.
GFAP Is Expressed as a Major Soluble Pool Associated with Glucagon Secretory Granules in A-cells of Mouse Pancreas

To elucidate the role of intermediate filament proteins in endocrine cells, we investigated the expression and subcellular distribution of GFAP in mouse islets of Langerhans. For this purpose, combined immunocytochemical and biochemical analysis with a panel of antibodies was carried out to identify GFAP-immunoreactive cells in mouse endocrine pancreas. Cell fractionation into NP-40-soluble and detergent/high salt-insoluble components was performed to assess whether GFAP was located in the cytosolic and/or cytoskeletal compartments of immunoreactive cells. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis was carried out to determine the subcellular distribution of the protein. Peripheral islet cells were stained with anti-GFAP antiserum. These cells were identified as glucagon-secreting cells by immunocytochemical staining of consecutive sections with anti-somatostatin, anti-GFAP, and anti-glucagon antisera. Western blotting analysis of both NP-40-soluble and detergent/high-salt insoluble fractions of isolated islets of Langerhans allowed detection of GFAP in both cytosolic and cytoskeletal compartments. Interestingly, however, the former location was highly predominant. In addition, immunoelectron microscopy localized GFAP associated with the periphery of secretory granules. On the basis of these results, an intriguing role for GFAP in secretory events should be strongly suspected.
Comparing 10-day and 4-month doxycycline courses for treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis-reactive arthritis: a prospective, double-blind trial

Objective: To compare the efficacy of a 10-day and a 4-month doxycylcine course for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis-reactive arthritis (Ct-ReA). Methods: Patients with active Ct-ReA were enrolled in a prospective, multicentre, double-blind, controlled clinical trial and randomised to receive doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 10 days followed either by placebo or by continued doxycycline 100 mg twice daily over 4 months. Various clinical and laboratory parameters referring to disease activity were recorded in the beginning and at the end of treatment. Results: 32 of 37 patients included (15 men and 17 women; mean (standard deviation) disease duration 17 (13) months completed the study; 17 were randomised to short-term doxycycline and placebo (placebo group) and 15 to prolonged treatment with doxycycline (doxycycline group) over the 4-month study period. After this time, only two patients from each group went into remission. There were no drop-outs owing to adverse events or treatment failures. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that prolonged treatment with a 4-month course of doxycycline is not superior to short-term treatment over 10 days in patients with Ct-ReA.
Variation in Thermal Performance among Insect Populations*

Among-population variation in insect thermal performance is important for understanding patterns and mechanisms of evolution and predicting insect responses to altered climate regimes in future or novel environments. Here we review and discuss several key examples of among-population variation in insect thermal performance, including latitudinal gradients in chill coma recovery time, variation in energy consumption and metabolic biochemistry, rapid changes in thermal biology with range expansion in invasive and introduced species, and potential constraints on variation in thermal performance traits. This review highlights that while there is substantial evidence for among-population variation that is generally correlated with local climate regimes, neither the underlying mechanisms nor the implications for whole-animal fitness in the field are well understood. We also discuss the potential limitations of interpreting evolved variation among populations and argue for a genes-to-environment approach to population-level variation in thermal biology of insects.
Effect of granulocyte colony stimulating EPC on cardiac function and myocardial energy expenditure in patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE To study the changes of cardiac function and myocardial energy expenditure following treatment with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction. METHODS Thirty-eight patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction were randomized into G-CSF treatment group and control group. All the patients received conventional treatment (medication and interventional therapy), and the patients in treatment group were given additional G-CSF (600 μg/day) for 7 consecutive days. The plasma level of brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in the peripheral blood were detected before and at 7 days and 4 months after the treatment. The cardiac functions (LVEF, FS, LVIDs, PWTs, EDV, SV, ET) was evaluated by ultrasonic imaging before and at 2 weeks and 4 months after the treatment. The MEE and circumferential end-systolic wall stress (cESS) were calculated by correlation formula. RESULTS The number of EPC was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group after the treatment especially at 7 days (P<0.01). In both groups, BNP level was lowered significantly after the treatment to recover the normal level (P<0.01). The cardiac functions and myocardial energy expenditure were improved in all the patients at 2 weeks and 4 months after the treatment, and the improvement was more obvious in the treatment group (P<0.05), especially in terms of the MEE and cESS was significantly lowered in the treatment group than in the control group after the treatment at 2 weeks (P<0.01), the LVEF and FS was significantly increased in the treatment group than in the control group after the treatment at 4 months (P<0.01). CONCLUSION EPC mobilization by G-CSF can effectively improve the cardiac functions, lessen ventricular remodeling and reduce myocardial energy expenditure in patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction.
The sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor agonist FTY720 is neuroprotective after cuprizone‐induced CNS demyelination

Modulation of the sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor is an approved treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis because of its anti‐inflammatory effect of retaining lymphocytes within the lymph nodes. Here, we evaluated the potential of an agonist at this receptor, FTY720 (fingolimod), to activate the promyelinating pathways within the brain to encourage remyelination and neuroprotection.
Evaluating Repeatability of RTK GPS/GLONASS Near/Under Forest Environment

Nacrtak Until the mid-1990s, post-processing was the only method available to determine survey-grade positions using GPS. A new method was then introduced called Real-Time Kinematic (RTK). Real Time Kinematic surveying is an advanced form of relative GPS carrier phase surveying in which the base station transmits its raw measurement data to rovers, which then compute a vector baseline from the base station to the rover. RTK GPS shows a really efficient and fast improvement within today’s technological developments. The most important reason for using it is that this technique enables obtaining coordinates instantaneously and in the centimeter level accuracy. This technique is widely used in construction and survey applications because of its above mentioned properties. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the repeatability of RTK measurement accuracy under different satellite configurations near/in forest and unobstructed environments. Testing was performed by using GPS+GLONASS receivers under these conditions, i.e. tall trees forest and unobstructed areas. The obtained results of RTK testing were compared with results of total station surveying as a further quality check. Nevertheless, it appears that RTK measurements under forest environment with 1 cm accuracy cannot be guaranteed on all occasions, since difficult situations may lead to greater errors. These results indicate that integrating RTK GPS/ GLONASS system with total station is favored for surveying under forest environment.
Vitamin E and retrolental fibroplasia in 1982.

The retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) blind are an increasingly tragic shadow in the otherwise brightening picture for extremely premature infants1,2; thus, it is natural to feel eager anticipation at the report of vitamin E as an effective prophylactic.3 However, in seeking a solution to this frustrating disease, we must remain cautious about the price to be paid for prevention. I believe the time is ripe to ask "Where do we stand in our current knowledge of RLF; what is the history of vitamin E in this disorder; what is the strength of the evidence for its efficacy and safety; and finally is the risk/benefit ratio tipped in favor of treating the estimated 37,000 susceptible infants born annually in the United States, or must we await further evidence? " RLF OR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY Through the combination of meticulous clinical observations4-7 and innovative studies in animal models,8,9 we have come to understand that acute, proliferative RLF occurs when the retina becomes ischemic following oxygen-related vaso-obliteration of immature, developing retinal arterioles. In the most immature infants (weight < 1 kg) this occurs as frequently as 75% of the time.7 There, however, our understanding of RLF ends inasmuch as cicatricial RLF (or retinopathy of prematurity with idiopathic fibrosis10), the scarred, occasional sequelae of acute RLF, is the output from a classic "black box. " Prematurity, illness, and acute retinopathy go into one side, but we have no idea what determines healing vs cicatrix, the outputs on the far side. Animal models offer no help in this regard as none progress from acute vasculopathy to cicatricial sequelae (with perhaps one promising11).
RACE: Relinquishment-Aware Cloud Economics Model

A lot of work on resource estimation has been carried out in the area of cloud computing. For example, some recent models assign resources based on the history of the users and the utilization of the cloud resource pool. Although these models have generally shown an increase in server utilization, they lack a cost-benefit analysis to know the profit margin obtained by the respective resource allocation schemes. Therefore, a complete model to analyze the cost could be a valuable tool for IaaS cloud service providers (CSP) to compare various resource assignment mechanisms. In this paper, we introduce a Relinquishment-Aware Cloud Economics Model (RACE) to calculate the net profit in a cloud provider environment. Our model includes various parameters such as service price, income from resources used by cloud service customers (CSC), service utilization, number of servers, electricity cost, and service relinquishment cost. The noteworthy contribution of our model is that it includes the cost incurred when users are leaving the cloud provider before their scheduled end time. We consider this loss as relinquishment cost or opportunity cost loss. After implementing our model, we evaluate different resource allocation schemes in a finite resource pool environment. The preliminary results show that blindly assigning more resources does not necessarily generate more profit.
Emotional expressivity in men and women: Stereotypes and self-perceptions

Three studies were conducted to assess prevalent stereotypes regarding men's and women's emotional expressivity as well as self-perceptions of their emotional behaviour. Emotion profiles were employed to assess both modal emotional reactions and secondary emotional reactions to hypothetical events and personal experiences. In Study 1 we asked how men and women in general would react to a series of hypothetical emotional events. In Study 2 we asked how participants themselves expected to react to these same situations and in Study 3 we asked participants to report a personal emotional event in narrative form. Two gender differences emerged across all three studies. Specifically, women were expected to be more likely to react with sadness to negative emotion-eliciting events in general. They also expected themselves to be more likely to react with sadness as well as to cry and to withdraw more when experiencing negative emotional events. Finally, women report more sadness when describing personal events. In contrast, men were expected to react with more happiness/serenity during negative emotional situations. Also, they expect themselves to react more frequently this way as well as to laugh and smile more and to be more relaxed in negative situations. Finally, men tend to report more happiness when describing negative personal events. In sum, the present study gives a more detailed portrayal of how men and women are expected and expect themselves to react to specific emotional situations and presents some evidence that these expectations may influence the way they reconstruct emotional events from their past.
Neurotensin: Topographical distribution of brain sites involoved in hypothermia and antinociception

When administered into the cerebroventricular system of the rat, neurotensin (NT) produces a variety of effects, including a decrease in colonic temperature and an increase in nociceptive threshold. The previous study described in detail the localization of immunohistochemical NT in the rat brain. In this study, bilateral injections of NT were made into 223 separate loci in the rat brain and a map was generated showing the brain regions where NT produced a decline in colonic temperature and an increase in hot plate response latency. It was found that some of the brain areas which contain immunohistochemically identified NT responded to locally administered NT. Further, most NT‐sensitive brain loci contain NT cell bodies as well as fibers.
Specifi c inhibition of GPI-anchored protein function by homing and self-association of specifi c GPI anchors

Many cell surface proteins are attached to the membrane by a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, which consists of a conserved central structure (Low, 1989) with variable carbohydrate and lipid peripheral components (Homans et al., 1988). GPI anchors can determine protein functional specifi city, just as switching a transmembrane (TM) domain for a GPI anchor can result in novel function caused by association with new signaling elements located in a shared membrane microdomain (Shenoy-Scaria et al., 1992, 1993). Membrane rafts, originally defi ned by their insolubility in cold, nonionic detergents such as Triton X-100 (Simons and Ikonen, 1997), are small, heterogeneous aggregations of cholesterol and sphingolipids on the cell surface (Pralle et al., 2000; Pike, 2004) that concentrate GPI-anchored proteins, but also contain other proteins. Although the existence of membrane rafts in vivo has been questioned (Munro, 2003), recent studies using a variety of methods have provided evidence for raftlike membrane microdomains (Friedrichson and Kurzchalia, 1998; Varma and Mayor, 1998; Pralle et al., 2000; Dietrich et al., 2002; Gaus et al., 2003; Sharma et al., 2004). Such microdomains may act as signaling scaffolds, determining the identity of a subset of signaling elements, as proteomic analyses have found a high concentration of such proteins in purifi ed rafts (von Haller et al., 2001; Foster et al., 2003), with GPI-anchored proteins involved in activating this signaling (Robinson, 1997; Solomon et al., 1998). The existence of heterogeneous raft populations has been inferred from studies showing that different GPIanchored proteins exist in separate rafts (Madore et al., 1999; Wang et al., 2002; Li et al., 2003). External rafts with different proteins may each have a defi ned set of associated cytoplasmic proteins, whereby aggregation of GPI-anchored proteins by external domain self-binding or by multivalent ligand binding could cluster specifi c rafts, resulting in downstream signaling (Harris and Siu, 2002). Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and the closely related CEACAM6, are GPI-anchored, cell surface glycoproteins that block cellular differentiation (Eidelman et al., 1993) and inhibit the apoptotic process of anoikis (Ordonez et al., 2000; Duxbury et al., 2004b), effects that appear to be caused by the activation of specifi c integrins (Duxbury et al., 2004a; Ordonez et al., 2006). CEA is up-regulated in many human malignancies (Hinoda et al., 1991; Ilantzis et al., 1997), implying a similar role in human cancer, whereas the TM-anchored CEACAM1 (CC1) may act as a tumor suppressor (Kunath et al., 1995; Luo et al., 1997). Specifi c inhibition of GPI-anchored protein function by homing and self-association of specifi c GPI anchors
Diffusion tensor MRI for the assessment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in the penumbra of non-human primate stroke model

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study is to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters to evaluate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in the infarct core (IC) and ischemic penumbra (IP) in a rhesus transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Methods: Seven rhesus monkeys were used to construct the MCAO model. The temporal evolution of the relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) and the relative fractional anisotropy (rFA) in the IC area, infarct growth area (IG), and reversible penumbra area (RP) were investigated. Results: The rADC increased in the three areas in the early stage of reperfusion (1 hour after the reperfusion). However, the rate of rADC improvement was significantly slower in IG than in IC and RP. Different temporal evolutions of rFA were observed in the three areas in the following stage of reperfusion (3-24 hours after the reperfusion), which continued to decline in IG but slightly elevated in IC and RP. Discussion: These findings suggest that the evolution of DTI parameters can help in the assessment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in the penumbra and predict the growth of the infarction area after stroke.
Social Disparities in Early Intervention Service Use and Provider-Reported Outcomes

Objective: To describe social disparities in early intervention (EI) service use and provider-reported outcomes. Methods: Secondary data analysis of administrative data to ascertain EI service use of all EI and discipline-specific services and child and family characteristics. Adjusted logistic regression models estimated the odds of receiving each type of core EI service. Adjusted median regression models estimated differences in EI intensity for each type of core EI service. Adjusted ordinal regression models estimated the association between each type of EI therapy service and provider estimates of children's global functional improvement. Results: Children with a diagnosis (b = 0.8, SE = 0.2) and those whose caregiver had 12 years of education or less (b = 0.6, SE = 0.3) had higher EI intensity. Black, non-Hispanic (BNH) children had nearly 75% lower odds of receiving physical therapy (PT) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1–0.7) and greater odds of receiving speech therapy (ST) (OR = 3.4, 95% CI, 1.3–9.3) than their white, non-Hispanic (WNH) peers. BNH children who received PT received about an hour less per month (b = −0.7, SE = 0.4) than their WNH peers. Hispanic children (b = 1.0, SE = 0.3) and those with higher family income (b = 0.7, SE = 0.3) received greater intensity of PT compared with their peers who are WNH and from low-income families. Publically insured children had lower intensity of occupational therapy (b = −0.5, SE = 0.3) and ST (b = −0.6, SE = 0.3). Greater intensity of EI services was not associated with greater provider-perceived improvement. Conclusion: Results suggest disparities, by race and family income, in receipt of EI therapy services. These findings highlight opportunities to customize and coordinate care for improved EI access and care quality.