Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Challenge of Moving Evidence-Based Measures into Clinical Practice: Lessons in Knowledge Translation

Once a measure has been developed and validated, it may take years for implementation into clinical practice. The purpose of this paper is to describe strategies used to increase knowledge translation and use of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) in clinical practice in the Netherlands and reflect on the process. Knowledge translation strategies included peer-reviewed publications, workshops, and posting information on Web sites. The impact of several of these strategies was evaluated using questionnaires focusing on therapists' self-reported familiarity and use of the measures. Peer reviewed publications did not appear to impact clinical practice. Interactive workshops were more successful at increasing use, but a gap remained between knowledge and use; the transfer into clinical practice was not optimal. A stages of change model proposed by Grol and colleagues (2007) was a helpful framework for reflecting on the process, planning, and evaluation of strategies for facilitating change in clinical practice.
Evaluating the Influence of Cultural Competence Education on Students’ Transcultural Self-Efficacy Perceptions

Guided by the cultural competence and confidence (CCC) model, the Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool (TSET) was used to evaluate the influence of cultural competence education on the transcultural self-efficacy (TSE) perceptions of undergraduate nursing students following an integrated approach to cultural competence education. Results continue to support that TSE is influenced by formalized education and other learning experiences. As hypothesized, compared with novice students, advanced students’ scores were higher for all subscales in both cross-sectional (n = 147) and longitudinal (n = 36) study designs. Results from analysis of variance and covariance demonstrated that none of the demographic variables predicted change; semester was the sole predictor, lending additional support that (a) the educational interventions throughout the four semesters influenced TSE changes and (b) all students regardless of background benefit (and require) formalized cultural competence education. Implications for nurse educators conclude the article.
Factor structure of the modified Timeline Followback: a measure of alcohol-related consequences.

OBJECTIVE Knowledge of the types of consequences assessed by a given measure of alcohol-related consequences is important, as it may affect how the scores from that measure relate to individual differences and how the measure is used in treatment. This study was designed to examine the factor structure of the modified Timeline Followback (TLFB). METHOD Undergraduate students (n = 573; 68.9% female) who drank alcohol at least once in the past 30 days completed an online version of the modified TLFB, a measure of alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. RESULTS A confirmatory factor analysis supported the previously proposed four-factor structure of the consequences assessed by the modified TLFB (i.e., personal, social, role functioning, and physical consequences). Internal consistency of the four categories, as assessed by deleted-item odds ratios, was good. Additionally, correlations between subscale scores and measures of alcohol use provided evidence of convergent validity, and intraclass correlations between two administration formats (online vs. in-person) indicated preliminary concurrent validity of the four factors. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study found support for the factor structure that was previously proposed by Norberg et al. Both the results of the confirmatory factor analysis and the deleted-item odds ratios indicate that most items fit the model well. Four items, however, could not be included in the model as a result of either low endorsement or poor fit, suggesting that further research on these items is needed.
Complexation of acridine orange by cucurbit[7]uril and β-cyclodextrin: photophysical effects and pK_a shifts

The host-guest interactions of the neutral (AO) and cationic (AOH^+) forms of the dye acridine orange with the macrocyclic hosts cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were investigated by using ground-state absorption and steady-state as well as time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The cationic form undergoes no significant complexation with β-CD, but binds strongly with CB7 ( K _eq = 2.0 × 105 M^−1), causing a large enhancement in fluorescence intensity and lifetime of the dye in the latter host. The strong and selective binding of AOH^+ with CB7 is attributed to ion-dipole interactions involving the ureido carbonyl rims of CB7 and the charged AOH^+. In contrast, the neutral AO form of the dye shows quite similar binding with both CB7 and β-CD, but the binding constants are lower by more than two orders of magnitude compared to that of the AOH^+-CB7 system. CB7 and β-CD show a contrasting behavior in modifying the acid-base character of the dye, shifting its p K _a by about 2.6 units upward and about 0.7 units downward, in the two respective cases. These divergent p K _a shifts of the dye arise from the differential affinity of the two host molecules to encapsulate the protonated and neutral form of the dye.
Morphological integration versus ecological plasticity in the avian pelvic limb skeleton

Understanding patterns and distributions of morphological traits is essential for discerning underpinning processes of morphological variation. We report on the variation in the avian pelvic limb skeleton. Length and width variables were measured in the skeletons of 236 avian species in order to examine the importance of body mass, ecological factors, phylogeny and integration in the formation of specific hindlimb morphology. Scaling relationships with body mass were analyzed across Aves and in individual avian subclades. Principal component analysis and multiple regressions were performed to examine the relationship between morphology, ecology, and phylogeny. Finally, the occurrence of within‐limb morphological integration was tested by partial correlation analysis of the residuals from element lengths vs. body mass and correlation analysis of avian hindlimb proportions. Body mass is the greatest contributor to variation, and it strongly influences variation in avian skeletal lengths. Lengthening of the leg typically comes from disproportionate increases in tibiotarsal and tarsometatarsal length. Partial correlation analysis showed that only these two elements are distinctly integrated consistently across all bird taxa, whereas relation of femur and third toe to other limb elements displays no clear pattern. Hence, morphological integration of all elements is not a prerequisite for limb design, and variation between taxa is mainly to be found in femoral and digital length. Furthermore, variation in tibiotarsal relative length is much lower than in other elements likely due to geometric constrains. Clear ecological adaptations are obscured by multifunctionality of the avian hindlimb, and phylogeny significantly constrains the morphology. Finally, when looking at relative lengths segmented limbs meet the requirements of many‐to‐one‐mapping of phenotype to functional property, in line with a common concept of evolvability of function and morphology. J. Morphol. , 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Migration Patterns of Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters at 24 Hours Postinsertion in Neonates

Abstract Objective Migration of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) is known to happen in neonates with changes in position of the upper limb. The aim of this study is to document the migration pattern of PICCs at 24 hours postinsertion, while controlling for arm position. Study Design This was a single-centered prospective study of 100 consecutively placed PICCs in a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). All PICCs were inserted by one of two certified NICU nurses in either upper or lower limb. An X-ray was obtained immediately after insertion and again at 24 hours postinsertion; both were reviewed by a single pediatric radiologist. Results Of the PICCs placed in basilic veins, 35.5% migrated toward the heart, 14.5% migrated away from the heart, and 50% did not change in position. Of the PICCs placed in cephalic veins, 21% migrated toward the heart, 15.7% migrated away from the heart, and 63.3% did not change in position. None of the PICCs placed in the saphenous veins migrated. Conclusion After controlling for arm position, 47% of PICCs placed in the upper limb migrated at 24 hours postinsertion with 32.6% migrating toward the heart. We recommend a follow-up X-ray at 24 hours postinsertion for all catheters placed in the upper limb.
Diagnostic validity of ultrasonography in thyroid nodules.

OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic validity of thyroid ultrasound in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from August 2011 to January 2013, and comprised all patients of either gender with thyroid nodules referred for ultrasound thyroid and fine needle aspiration cytology. Ultrasonography was performed by radiologists and ultrasound parameters were assessed and compared with cytology results in all nodules. Diagnostic validity of each ultrasound feature was calculated. RESULTS Of the 101 patients, 81(80%) were female. The overall mean age was 43±13 years (range: 15-73 years). On histocytopathology, 96(95%) nodules were benign and 5(4.9%) were malignant. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound features in predicting malignancy were calcification 80% and 68%; hypoechogenecity 80% and 52%; ill-defined lobulated margin 40% and 96%; solid 80% and 40%; taller than wider 50% and 63%. Each ultrasound feature had negative predictive value ranging from 95% to 98% in malignant nodules. CONCLUSIONS Identification of calcification, hypoechogenecity and solid with ill-defined margins in a thyroid nodule on ultrasound was helpful in suspecting thyroid malignancy and warranted urgent diagnostic fine needle aspiration cytology.
The Log Handwriting Program improved children's writing legibility: a pretest-posttest study.

OBJECTIVE We determined the feasibility and outcomes of the Log Handwriting Program (Raynal, 1990), an 8-week training program based on task-specific practice of handwriting. METHOD We used a pretest-posttest design involving 16 first- and second-grade Australian students. Handwriting training sessions occurred in schools for 45 min per week over 8 weeks, in groups of 2 or 3. Weekly homework was provided. The primary outcome measure was the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (range = 0 to 34; Reisman, 1999). Legibility, form, alignment, size, spacing, and speed were measured. RESULTS All six assessment subscales showed statistically significant differences. Legibility improved by a mean of 4.1 points (95% confidence interval = 2.5 to 5.7); form, 5.3 points; alignment, 7.8 points; size, 7.9 points; and space, 5.3 points. Speed decreased by 3.9 points. CONCLUSION Preliminary evidence indicates that an 8-week Log Handwriting Program is feasible and improved handwriting in primary school children.
In vitro antiviral activity of dermaseptins against herpes simplex virus type 1 *

The in vitro antiviral activity of dermaseptins (S1–S5) against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) was investigated. These peptides were incubated with the virus and its target cells under various conditions, and their effects were examined by the cytopathic effect inhibition assay or by reduction in virus yield in Hep‐2 cell cultures as well as by direct immunofluorescence. Dermaseptin S4 displayed the strongest antiviral effect against HSV1, at micromolar doses. Experiments including acyclovir as a reference antiviral agent were performed to investigate the mode of action of this dermaseptin. In contrast to acyclovir, dermaseptin S4 showed its inhibitory effect only when applied to the virus before, or during virus adsorption to the target cells. This suggested that the activity of this dermaseptin was exerted at a very early stage of the viral multiplication cycle, most likely at the virus‐cell interface. J. Med. Virol. 66:229–234, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms for anti‐inflammatory effects of 1‐[15(S)‐hydroxyeicosapentaenoyl] lysophosphatidylcholine, administered intraperitoneally, in zymosan A‐induced peritonitis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) with polyunsaturated acyl chains are known to exert anti‐inflammatory actions. 15‐Lipoxygeanation is crucial for anti‐inflammatory action of polyunsaturated acylated lysoPCs. Here, the anti‐inflammatory actions of 1‐(15‐hydroxyeicosapentaenoyl)‐lysoPC (15‐HEPE‐lysoPC) and its derivatives were examined in a mechanistic analysis.
Amlodipine reduces blood pressure during dynamic resistance exercise in hypertensive patients

This study investigated the effect of the dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, amlodipine, on blood pressure (BP) during resistance exercise performed at different intensities in hypertensives. Eleven hypertensives underwent 4 weeks of placebo and amlodipine (random double‐blinded crossover design). In each phase, they performed knee extension exercise until exhaustion following three protocols: one set at 100% of 1 RM (repetition maximum), three sets at 80% of 1 RM, and three sets at 40% of 1 RM. Intraarterial BP was measured before and during exercise. Amlodipine reduced maximal systolic/diastolic BP values achieved at all intensities (100% = 225 ± 6/141 ± 3 vs. 207 ± 6/130 ± 6 mmHg; 80% = 289 ± 8/178 ± 5 vs. 273 ± 10/169 ± 6 mmHg; 40% = 289 ± 10/176 ± 8 vs. 271 ± 11/154 ± 6 mmHg). Amlodipine blunted the increase in diastolic BP that occurred during the second and third sets of exercise at 40% of 1RM (+75 ± 6 vs. +61 ± 5 mmHg and +78 ± 7 vs. +64 ± 5 mmHg, respectively). Amlodipine was effective in reducing the absolute values of systolic and diastolic BP during resistance exercise and in preventing the progressive increase in diastolic BP that occurs over sets of low‐intensity exercise. These results suggest that systemic vascular resistance is involved in BP increase during resistance exercise, and imply that hypertensives receiving amlodipine are at lower risk of increased BP during resistance exercise than non‐medicated patients.
N‐acetyl cysteine‐mediated effective attenuation of methoxychlor‐induced granulosa cell apoptosis by counteracting reactive oxygen species generation in caprine ovary

Methoxychlor (MXC), an organochloride insecticide, is a potent toxicant‐targeting female reproductive system and known to cause follicular atresia by inducing apoptosis within granulosa cells. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in apoptosis; thus, this study focuses on the ameliorative action of N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) on MXC‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis within granulosa cell of caprine ovary. Classic histology, fluorescence assay, and biochemical parameters were employed to evaluate the effect of varied concentration of NAC (1, 5, and 10 mM) on granulosa cell apoptosis after 24, 48, and 72 h exposure duration. Histomorphological studies revealed that NAC diminished the incidence of apoptotic attributes like condensed or marginated chromatin, pyknosis, crescent‐shaped nucleus, empty cell spaces, and degenerated cellular structure along with the presence of cytoplasmic processes within granulosa cells in dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. NAC significantly downregulated the percentage of MXC‐induced granulosa cell apoptosis within healthy ovarian follicle with its increasing dose, maximum at 10 mM concentration. It also significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes, namely catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione‐s‐transferase, along with ferric reducing antioxidant power further declining lipid peroxidation in the MXC‐treated caprine ovary. The results revealed a negative correlation between apoptosis frequency and antioxidant enzymes’ activity (rCAT = −0.67, rSOD = −0.56, rGST = −0.31; p < 0.05) while a positive correlation was observed with lipid peroxidation (r = 0.63; p < 0.05) after NAC supplementation. Thus, NAC supplementation reduces the MXC‐generated oxidative stress that perhaps declines the ROS generating signal transduction pathway of apoptosis, thereby preventing MXC‐induced granulosa cell apoptosis and follicular atresia. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 156–166, 2017.
Development of the AGREE II, part 1: performance, usefulness and areas for improvement

Background: We undertook research to improve the AGREE instrument, a tool used to evaluate guidelines. We tested a new seven-point scale, evaluated the usefulness of the original items in the instrument, investigated evidence to support shorter, tailored versions of the tool, and identified areas for improvement. Method: We report on one component of a larger study that used a mixed design with four factors (user type, clinical topic, guideline and condition). For the analysis reported in this article, we asked participants to read a guideline and use the AGREE items to evaluate it based on a seven-point scale, to complete three outcome measures related to adoption of the guideline, and to provide feedback on the instrument’s usefulness and how to improve it. Results: Guideline developers gave lower-quality ratings than did clinicians or policy-makers. Five of six domains were significant predictors of participants’ outcome measures (p < 0.05). All domains and items were rated as useful by stakeholders (mean scores > 4.0) with no significant differences by user type (p > 0.05). Internal consistency ranged between 0.64 and 0.89. Inter-rater reliability was satisfactory. We received feedback on how to improve the instrument. Interpretation: Quality ratings of the AGREE domains were significant predictors of outcome measures associated with guideline adoption: guideline endorsements, overall intentions to use guidelines, and overall quality of guidelines. All AGREE items were assessed as useful in determining whether a participant would use a guideline. No clusters of items were found more useful by some users than others. The measurement properties of the seven-point scale were promising. These data contributed to the refinements and release of the AGREE II.
Resource cGMP-ManufacturedHuman Induced Pluripotent StemCells Are Available for Pre-clinical and Clinical Applications

Behnam Ahmadian Baghbaderani,1 Xinghui Tian,1 Boon Hwa Neo,1 Amy Burkall,1 Tracy Dimezzo,1 Guadalupe Sierra,2 Xianmin Zeng,2,3 Kim Warren,1 Don Paul Kovarcik,1 Thomas Fellner,1,5,* and Mahendra S. Rao4,5,* 1Lonza Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, MD 21793, USA 2XCell Science, Inc., Novato, CA 94947 USA 3Buck Institute for Age Research, Novato, CA 94945, USA 4Q Therapeutics, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA 5Co-senior author *Correspondence: thomas.fellner@lonza.com (T.F.), rao1789@gmail.com (M.S.R.) http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.stemcr. 2015.08. 015 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
A cortical locus for anisotropic overlay suppression of stimuli presented at fixation

Abstract Human contrast sensitivity for narrowband Gabor targets is suppressed when superimposed on narrowband masks of the same spatial frequency and orientation (referred to as overlay suppression), with suppression being broadly tuned to orientation and spatial frequency. Numerous behavioral and neurophysiological experiments have suggested that overlay suppression originates from the initial lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) inputs to V1, which is consistent with the broad tuning typically reported for overlay suppression. However, recent reports have shown narrowly tuned anisotropic overlay suppression when narrowband targets are masked by broadband noise. Consequently, researchers have argued for an additional form of overlay suppression that involves cortical contrast gain control processes. The current study sought to further explore this notion behaviorally using narrowband and broadband masks, along with a computational neural simulation of the hypothesized underlying gain control processes in cortex. Additionally, we employed transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in order to test whether cortical processes are involved in driving narrowly tuned anisotropic suppression. The behavioral results yielded anisotropic overlay suppression for both broadband and narrowband masks and could be replicated with our computational neural simulation of anisotropic gain control. Further, the anisotropic form of overlay suppression could be directly modulated by tDCS, which would not be expected if the suppression was primarily subcortical in origin. Altogether, the results of the current study provide further evidence in support of an additional overlay suppression process that originates in cortex and show that this form of suppression is also observable with narrowband masks.
The prompt-afterglow connection in gamma-ray bursts: a comprehensive statistical analysis of Swift X-ray light curves

We present a comprehensive statistical analysis of Swift X-ray light-curves of GammaRay Bursts (GRBs) collecting data from more than 650 GRBs discovered by Swift and other facilities. The unprecedented sample size allows us to constrain the rest-frame X-ray properties of GRBs from a statistical perspective, with particular reference to intrinsic time scales and the energetics of the different light-curve phases in a common rest-frame 0.3-30 keV energy band. Temporal variability episodes are also studied and their properties constrained. Two fundamental questions drive this effort: i) Does the X-ray emission retain any kind of “memory” of the prompt γ-ray phase? ii) Where is the dividing line between long and short GRB X-ray properties? We show that short GRBs decay faster, are less luminous and less energetic than long GRBs in the X-rays, but are interestingly characterized by similar intrinsic absorption. We furthermore reveal the existence of a number of statistically significant relations that link the X-ray to prompt γ-ray parameters in long GRBs; short GRBs are outliers of the majority of these 2-parameter relations. However and more importantly, we report on the existence of a universal 3-parameter scaling that links the X-ray and the γ-ray energy to the prompt spectral peak energy of both long and short GRBs: EX,iso ∝ E 1.00±0.06 γ,iso /E 0.60±0.10 pk .