Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lime Stabilization of Waste Activated Sludge

Background: Sewage sludge (Biosolids) is a byproduct of wastewater treatment that accumulates in large quantities. Effective stabilization and disinfection of sewage sludge prior to land application are necessary to not only protect human health, but also to induce the public its benefits and safety. Currently, many wastewater treatment plants in Iran dispose great amounts of untreated sewage sludge to the environment. Objectives: The purpose of this work was to upgrade wastewater treatment plants by lime stabilization of waste sludge. Materials and Methods: Lime stabilization of waste sludge from Shoosh wastewater treatment plant was performed in a 10-L reactor. Microbial quality of lime-stabilized sludge was checked for 6 weeks in the reactor. During this stage, pH, FC (fecal coliforms) and viable helminthes ova density were determined and compared with sludge stabilized criteria suggested by USEPA. Results: Average number of fecal coliforms and viable helminthes ova in waste sludge were 1.65 × 1012 MPN/g of dry solids (DS) and 353 ova/4 g of dry solids, respectively. 1.8. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that sewage sludge stabilization with hydrated lime reduced fecal coliforms more than 99.99% and also stabilized sludge covered standards of class B of USEPA criteria.
Bending waves in the Milky Way’s disc from halo substructure

We use $N$-body simulations to investigate the excitation of bending waves in a Milky Way-like disc-bulge-halo system. The dark matter halo consists of a smooth component and a population of subhaloes while the disc is composed of thin and thick components. Also considered is a control simulation where all of the halo mass is smoothly distributed. We find that bending waves are more vigorously excited in the thin disc than the thick one and that they are strongest in the outer regions of the disc, especially at late times. By way of a Fourier decomposition, we find that the complicated pattern of bending across the disc can be described as a superposition of waves, which concentrate along two branches in the radius-rotational frequency plane. These branches correspond to vertical resonance curves as predicted by a WKB analysis. Bending waves in the simulation with substructure have a higher amplitude than those in the smooth-halo simulation, though the frequency-radius characteristics of the waves in the two simulations are very similar. A cross correlation analysis of vertical displacement and bulk vertical velocity suggests that the waves oscillate largely as simple plane waves. We suggest that the wave-like features in astrometric surveys such as the Second Data Release from \textit{Gaia} may be due to long-lived waves of a dynamically active disc rather than, or in addition to, perturbations from a recent satellite-disc encounter.
FORCE, VELOCITY, AND POWER ADAPTATIONS IN RESPONSE TO A PERIODIZED PLYOMETRIC TRAINING PROGRAM

This study assessed kinetic, kinematic and temporal adaptations to the countermovement jump in response to a 6 week periodized plyometric training program. Twenty recreationally active women were randomly assigned to a plyometric training or control group. Testing consisted of 3 maximal countermovement jumps on a force platform prior to and after the six weeks of training. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess differences between pre- and post-testing sessions and between groups. Post-test eccentric and concentric velocity, power and jump height were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the training group. Periodized plyometric training is effective for increasing jump height, and augmentations are likely due to enhanced eccentric velocity.
D3 as a Possible Marker Based on D1-D4 Dopamine Receptors Expression in Paranoid Schizophrenia Patients

Paranoid schizophrenia is one of several types of schizophrenia, a chronic mental illness in which a person loses touch with reality. The classic features of paranoid schizophrenia are having delusions and hearing things that aren’t real. Based on Numerous studies about dopamine and schizophrenia, it suggested that changes in the dopamine systems are in related with schizophrenia, but still there is no clear direct evidence for dopamine hypothesis in schizophrenia. In terminated examination, 20 paranoid schizophrenia patients mRNA from white blood cells extracted, then cDNA were synthesized. After Quantitive Real-time PCR examination with the related primaries for D1-D4 receptors were terminated and the compared consequences in abundance of genes expression with the normal samples reveal that D1-D4 dopamine receptors were expressed in all samples. Abundance of normal individuals were D1 100%, D2 6.6%, D3 40%, D4 86.6% and for patients were D1 100%, D2 26.6%, D3 33.3%, D4 73.3%. The results of this study reveals significant differences between D3 receptor apply to others. Therefore D3 has a possible clinical significance for using as rapid diagnosis of people who suspicious of paranoid schizophrenia.
Habitat preferences of juvenile abalone (Haliotis mariae Wood, 1828) along the Dhofar coast of Oman and implications for conservation.

Surveys were conducted along the eastern Dhofar coast of Oman to investigate densities and habitat preferences of juvenile Haliotis mariae ( 50 cm O, respectively. B values were highest for urchins (6 times that for small boulders), and for boulders <50 cm O). B values for boulder habitats decreased as boulder size increased. Urchin utilisation by juvenile abalone as shelter ranged between geographic areas from a minimum of 15.5% to a maximum of 47.6%. The proportion of total habitat that is preferred by more than 97% of juvenile abalone found, including urchins and boulders < 50 cm O, comprises 29% of surveyed substratum. While the role urchins play on wild juvenile H. mariae has not proved vital, it is definitely significant. Although juvenile densities are low and are not currently limited by the availability of suitable habitat, it is crucial to identify and conserve those microhabitats that support recruitment of H. mariae . The abundance of these areas should be among the criteria used in selecting protected conservation areas.
Tetraconodon (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Suidae) from the Late Miocene Dhok Pathan formation of Pakistan.

We describe here a suid molar originating from the Late Miocene Dhok Pathan type locality (Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan) of Dhok Pathan Formation, Middle Siwaliks, Northern Pakistan. The molar belongs to the large sized Pliocene suid Tetraconodon. The specimen, which is attributed to a tetraconodon, reliably matches with T. magnus, a rare taxon previously found in the Pliocene of the Siwaliks. The presence of this species in the Late Miocene of the Dhok Pathan type locality represents the oldest record in the Siwaliks.
Fracture resistance of incisal tooth fragment reattached with different adhesive materials and retentive techniques

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated in vitro the shear bond strength of experimentally fractured human tooth fragments reattached with different adhesive materials and retentive techniques.METHODS: Forty-eight sound mandibular incisors were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8). Their incisal edges were cut off in 5 groups, representing an enamel-dentin fracture. Intact teeth were used as control (Group 1). The fragment edges were reattached with adhesive system (Scotch Bond Multipurpose – 3M ESPE) (Group 2), adhesive system and composite resin (ICE – SDI) (Group 3), adhesive system and composite resin with circumferential bevel (Group 4), adhesive system and composite resin with internal dentin groove (Group 5), and adhesive system and composite resin with the circumferential bevel and internal dentin groove (Group 6). Shear bond strength was determined in a universal testing machine. Fracture modes were identified by light microscope. Kruskal-Wallis was used to analysis resistance to fracture and fracture patterns.RESULTS: The results showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) among groups. The intact teeth (Group 1) showed higher fracture resistance than the other groups. Groups 2 and 6 did not differ and were statistically superior to other techniques. Group 4 presented statistically higher than in Group 5, which in turn was more resistant than Group 3.CONCLUSIONS: None of the fragment reattachment techniques was able to achieve the strength of sound teeth. Fragments reattached only with adhesive system or with adhesive system and composite resin with the circumferential bevel and internal dentin groove showed the best performance for resistance to fracture.
Reporting practices of Malaysian public universities: The extent of accountability disclosure

The study intends to evaluate the extent to which Malaysian public universities disclose accountability information in their annual report and on their website. It also compares the degree of annual report and website disclosure between established and new universities in Malaysia. Content analysis was undertaken using the disclosure index that was developed based on the items listed in the Malaysian Government Treasury Circular (MGTC) 4/2007 and selected items from the Modified Accountability Disclosure (MAD) index. Mean disclosure index was computed to examine the disclosure levels.There is evidence that Malaysian public universities have to some extent disclosed relevant information in their annual report but the level of information published on the website is considered very low. Additionally, established universities’ group is better off in terms of information disclosure for both channels of communication. The number of universities that participated in the analysis is relatively small, and the study mainly considers the extent of disclosure but not the quality of the information disclosed. Greater enforcement from the government is required to ensure greater disclosure of information in the universities’ annual report and on the website. This study offers some insights into the current reporting practices of Malaysian public universities using two reporting mediums, the annual report and website.
Key principles for understanding fish bycatch discard mortality

The mortality of discarded fish bycatch is an important issue in fisheries management and, because it is generally unmeasured, represents a large source of uncertainty in estimates of fishing mortality worldwide. Develop - ment of accurate measures of discard mortality requires fundamental knowledge, based on principles of bycatch stressor action, of why discarded fish die. To date, discard mortality studies in the field have focused on capture stressors. Recent laboratory discard experiments have demonstrated the significant role of environmental factors, size- and species-related sensitivity to stressors, and interactions of stressors, which increase mortality. In addition, delayed mortality was an important consideration in experimental design. The discard mortality problem is best addressed through a combination of laboratory investigation of classes of bycatch stressors to develop knowledge of key principles of bycatch stressor action and field experiments under realistic fishing conditions to verify our understanding and make predictions of discard mortality. This article makes the case for a broader ecological perspective on discard mortality that includes a suite of environmental and biological factors that may interact with capture stressors to increase stress and mortality.
Operating System Identification by IPv6 Communication using Machine Learning Ensembles

Operating system (OS) identification tools, sometimes called fingerprinting tools, are essential for the reconnaissance phase of penetration testing. While OS identification is traditionally performed by passive or active tools that use fingerprint databases, very little work has focused on using machine learning techniques. Moreover, significantly more work has focused on IPv4 than IPv6. We introduce a collaborative neural network ensemble that uses a unique voting system and a random forest ensemble to deliver accurate predictions. This approach uses IPv6 features as well as packet metadata features for OS identification. Our experiment shows that our approach is valid and we achieve a neural network ensemble average accuracy of 85% over 100 sets of neural networks with a highest accuracy of 96%. Furthermore, we explore the impact of additional training for poor neural network accuracy, and we show that our system can achieve an average accuracy of 93%, which is an 8% improvement over the previous approach. A random forest of 30 decision trees attains an average accuracy of 93.6% and a best accuracy of 96% when given a dataset of Windows and Linux packets. Finally, as packets from the Mac OS is introduced into the dataset, the random forested performed with an average accuracy of 89.6% and a best accuracy of 93.2%. ©2017 by Adrian Ordorica All Rights Reserved
Are Bhagwati's arguments against free trade restricted to capital flows ?

The question we raise is whether Bhagwati's (1998a) arguments against free trade in capital are restricted to capital flows. Arguments are that capital market and capital market only is intrinsically instable and prone to crisis. We assume equivalence relationships between operators and prices behaviour on a given market. Then we comparre the dynamic properties of agricultural and capital markets on an original set of data. Focusing on 22 prices series and 9 behavioural indicators, we find that agricultural markets exhibit similar patterns and behaviours as those stigmatised on capital markets. Some consequences on WTO disciplines are derived in conclusion (Resume d'auteur)
Feeding habits and provisioning rate of breeding short-toed eagles Circaetus gallicus in northeastern Greece

The diet of the short-toed eagle (Circaetus gallicus) was studied in the Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli National Park in northeastern Greece during the breeding seasons of 1996-98. From 167 pellets analysed, 236 prey items were identified. Snakes (84.3%) were the main prey of adult eagle diet, followed by rodents (5.6%), lizards (4.2%), tortoises (3.8%) and other miscellaneous prey items. Grass snakes and large whip snakes comprised over 80% of the snakes. Four nests were monitored during the brooding period to record the prey size and type, the feeding behaviour and the prey delivery rate. The male provided most of the food, whereas the female cared for the young by brooding, shading and feeding. Colubrids comprised the principal prey brought to the nests, both in terms of frequency of occurrence (79.3%) and biomass (88.9%). Most snakes and European glass lizards brought to the nests measured between 60 and 120 cm in length. Both nestling and adult birds showed a narrow dietary breadth. Although there were no differences among the seven 10-day stages of young growth, neither in the prey delivery rate (mean: 1.13 prey item day –1 ), nor in the prey biomass delivered per day (mean: 211.3 g day –1 ), there was, however, a significant variation in the daily food biomass consumed by the nestling over the brooding period (mean: 174.8 g day –1 ). The daily prey delivery rate was unimodal in frequency, peaking between 09:00 and 12:00, and was synchronised with the diurnal activity pattern of reptiles which constituted the bulk of the short-toed eagle diet.
The Effect of an Instruction Designed by Cognitive Load Theory Principles on 7th Grade Students’ Achievement in Algebra Topics and Cognitive Load

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an instruction designed by the Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) principles on 7th grade students’ achievement in Algebra topics and cognitive load. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in totally six weeks with 80 students. The instruction designed by CLT principles was used in the experimental group, while the instruction recommended by the Ministry of Education (MONE) was used in the control group. Researchers developed Teachers’ Guidelines and Students’ Booklets for using in the experimental group. At the end of each unit, the Subjective Rating Scale (SRS) was used to measure students’ cognitive load. At the end of the treatment, the Algebra Achievement Test (AAT) was administrated to both of the groups. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for analyzing data. Results showed that instruction designed by CLT principles was effective for the Algebra teaching with the limitations of the study.
Factors affecting leopard ( ) spatial ecology, with particular reference to Namibian farmlands

Understanding spatial ecology is fundamental to effectively managing large, wide-ranging carnivores such as the leopard (Panthera pardus). While numerous studies have been conducted on leopards within protected areas, more information regarding leopard ecology is needed outside such areas for effective conservation. This study examined the spatial ecology of leopards living on commercial Namibian farmlands, and assessed information from other studies to investigate which factors appeared to influence leopard range size and density. Home range sizes were particularly large in Namibia, with high range overlap, and neither sex exhibited exclusive home range use. There were no significant differences in range size between males and females, or between wet and dry seasons for either sex. Rainfall did not directly affect range size, but exerted an influence via prey biomass. Leopard density was positively correlated with prey biomass and negatively related to range size. Leopards showed marked variation in range size and land tenure systems between studies, reflecting their remarkable ecological flexibility. Nevertheless, large home range sizes and low population densities mean that leopards require large, contiguous tracts of suitable habitat, and that more conservation efforts must be extended beyond protected areas to ensure the long-term viability of leopard populations in such areas.
DO SMALL, PATCHY, CONSTRUCTED INTERTIDAL OYSTER REEFS REDUCE SALT MARSH EROSION AS WELL AS NATURAL REEFS?

One ecological service that oyster reefs provide is stabilization of shorelines through reduced wave energy and erosion from boat traffic, storms, and predominant wind direction. Additionally, increasing sedimentation can enhance the growth of emergent marsh vegetation which further stabilizes unconsolidated sediments. A 21 mo study of constructed (with only 30-35% coverage) and natural oyster reefs in 3 bayous in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) suggested constructed reefs benefit this retrograding deltaic ecosystem. The marsh edge adjacent to all constructed reefs was less eroded (mean = 0.043 m) than edges adjacent to natural reefs (mean = 0.728 m), although all natural and constructed sites, regardless of bayou, illustrated large variations in marsh edge growth. The marsh edge in constructed sites in one bayou retreated more than in the other bayous, most likely due to its coarser sediments, greater boat traffic, and its apparent higher energy location within the landscape. By the end of this study, the ecological function of constructed oys- ter reefs in all bayous, as measured by marsh edge erosion reduction, was equivalent or exceeded the function in nearby natural oyster reefs. The physical structure of the reef further served to reduce erosion and marsh loss and this approach may be useful for management of a retrograding deltaic estuarine ecosystem like the Grand Bay NERR.
Tsirelson’s problem and an embedding theorem for groups arising from non-local games

Tsirelson’s problem asks whether the commuting operator model for two-party quantum correlations is equivalent to the tensor-product model. We give a negative answer to this question by showing that there are non-local games which have perfect commuting-operator strategies, but do not have perfect tensor-product strategies. The weak Tsirelson problem, which is known to be equivalent to the Connes embedding problem, remains open. The examples we construct are instances of (binary) linear system games. For such games, previous results state that the existence of perfect strategies is controlled by the solution group of the linear system. Our main result is that every finitely-presented group embeds in some solution group. As an additional consequence, we show that the problem of determining whether a linear system game has a perfect commuting-operator strategy is undecidable.
Third-Party Forgiveness in Ambivalent and Supportive Relationships

Third-Party Forgiveness in Ambivalent and Supportive Relationships Daniel S. Allen Department of Psychology, BYU Master of Science A recent trend in the study of forgiveness is to look at forgiveness outside of traditional victim-perpetrator dyads. One way of going beyond these dyads is to look at third-party forgiveness. A recent advance in the study of relationship valence is to look at the amount of positivity and negativity in a relationship as on independent scales rather than on two ends of the same spectrum. This allows for categorization of relationships that are high in both positivity and negativity—ambivalent relationships. This study attempts to combine these two recent advances. I hypothesized that participants would have more difficulty forgiving offenders with whom they had ambivalent relationships, that participants would be more forgiving when they were personally offended compared to when they were a third-party to an offense committed against a friend, and that participants would be more forgiving of a perpetrator when an offense was committed against an ambivalent relation than when the same offense was committed against a positive relation. Strong support was obtained for the first hypothesis, but little support for the second and third hypotheses. The implications of these results are discussed and possible directions for future research are recommended.
A Study on Regime Type and Globalization in Simultaneous Equation Framework

In this study we build a simultaneous equation model in which the measures of different aspects of globalization (attributable to KOF) and different aspects of democracy (attributable to EIU) are related in seven structural equations. A bi-directional relationship between democracy and globalization is visualized. The model is estimated by the conventional 2-SLS as well as a modified 2-SLS in which Shapley value regression is used at the second stage of 2-SLS. On the basis of our analysis, we document several findings. First, we find that democracy and globalization promote each other and hence there is a bi-directional causality with positive relationships running both ways between democracy and globalization. At a national level, there may be various intermediary conditions that modify the relationship as well as set in motion a complex of positive and/or negative feedbacks to accelerate or retard the pace of globalization and democratization in a country-specific manner. However, when a large number of countries are studied, a clear relationship emerges out. Second, there is a need to estimate the structural coefficients of the model cautiously since the regression equations may be suffering from collinearity among the predictor variables. The Shapley value regression based 2-SLS has performed better than the conventional regression in estimating the structural parameters of the model. Third, the system methods of estimation of the model gives better results than what are obtained by the single equation methods of estimation of structural parameters of the model.