Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A correlation of the endoscopic characteristics of colonic laterally spreading tumours with genetic alterations

Objectives Laterally spreading tumours (LSTs) are a heterogeneous group of adenomas that are emerging as important precursors of colorectal cancer and in which the risk for cancer is related to their endoscopically definable morphology. It is currently unclear whether different molecular alterations determine their morphologies. We aimed to assess this relationship in LSTs using strict morphological classifications. Methods We characterized 135 sessile adenomatous lesions (≥20 mm) according to histopathology and the Paris classification. We investigated key molecular changes commonly found in colorectal neoplasms, namely mutation of KRAS, BRAF, APC and CTNNB1 and microsatellite instability, and determined their relationship with morphology. Results The Paris classification revealed a heterogeneous cohort comprising Is/IIa+Is (41.5%), IIa/IIb (53.3%) and IIc/IIa+IIc (5.2%) lesions. Histopathological analysis showed that 19 (14.1%) of these were sessile serrated adenomas. Here, we defined a group of 58 lesions that showed either Paris IIa or IIb morphology with no serrated histopathology. These ‘classical LSTs’ showed the following molecular characteristics: microsatellite instability 0/56 (0%), APC mutation 29/30 (96.7%), CTNNB1 mutation 2/55 (3.6%), KRAS mutation 24/55 (43.6%) and BRAF mutation 2/55 (3.6%). Separation of lesions according to surface morphology showed that KRAS mutations occurred much more frequently in granular (56.4%, 22/39) than in nongranular LSTs (12.5%, 1/16, P=0.004). Conclusion The microsatellite instable pathway is not important in the development of LSTs, which are instead likely to develop along a divergent chromosomal instability pathway. We demonstrate the biological significance of endoscopic findings by showing that the morphological characteristics of LSTs are underpinned by distinctive molecular profiles.
INFORMAL SOCIAL NETWORK AND TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN R&D

There’s a growing interest in Knowledge Management (KM) in the corporate world. The company’s ability to compile the accrued knowledge, organize are valued by what they know. Knowing the organization, its culture and how your employees relate themselves formal or informally, became fundamental for elaborating strategies for an efficient KM application. The formal relationship is easily recognized in the organizational charts of any organization type; however the informal relationships, which generate high synergy, are not much explored as a manner of knowledge sharing. The present article has the purpose of presenting how the interpersonal relationship occurs in a general management of CENPES (Research Center Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello) which develops basic engineering projects for the oil and gas industry, identifying its key actors through the Social Network Analysis (SNA). We aimed to reveal how the employee sample is organized, considering four analysis factors: information, knowledge, friendship and trust. For data source, a survey was performed through questionnaires applied for the employees of the studied unit. For the analysis, UCINET and NETDRAW tools were used. As results, the key actors were identified for the four analysis factors and which is the relationship among the group. We have verified a bottleneck in information and knowledge transfer as well as little interaction among the groups of studied management teams.
"If only someone had told me…": lessons from rural providers.

PURPOSE Health care providers face challenges in rural service delivery due to the unique circumstances of rural living. The intersection of rural living and health care challenges can create barriers to care that providers may not be trained to navigate, resulting in burnout and high turnover. Through the exploration of experienced rural providers' knowledge and lessons learned, this study sought to inform future practitioners, educators, and policy makers in avenues through which to enhance training, recruiting, and maintaining a rural workforce across multiple health care domains. METHODS Using a qualitative study design, 18 focus groups were conducted, with a total of 127 health care providers from Alaska and New Mexico. Transcribed responses from the question, "What are the 3 things you wish someone would have told you about delivering health care in rural areas? " were thematically coded. FINDINGS Emergent themes coalesced into 3 overarching themes addressing practice-related factors surrounding the challenges, adaptations, and rewards of being a rural practitioner. CONCLUSION Based on the themes, a series of recommendations are offered to future rural practitioners related to community engagement, service delivery, and burnout prevention. The recommendations offered may help practitioners enter communities more respectfully and competently. They can also be used by training programs and communities to develop supportive programs for new practitioners, enabling them to retain their services, and help practitioners integrate into the community. Moving toward an integrative paradigm of health care delivery wherein practitioners and communities collaborate in service delivery will be the key to enhancing rural health care and reducing disparities.
Frequency of Factor V (1691 G → A) Mutation in Turkish Population

Dear Sir, A mutation in the Factor V gene (1691G -+ A in exon 10) was identified that formed the molecular explanation for the phenotype of APC-resistance in the large majority of affected individuals (1). This mutation, which is associated with a significant increase in tluombotic risk, has been found in 30 -5070 of selected families with thrombophilia and in 20Vo of consecutive patients with venous tluombosis (2,3). The prevalence of the FV: Q506 allele is between2To and l07o in Western societies but it varies widely depending on the geographic location and the ethnic background of the population. However, the mutated allele is not found in certain populations, such as the Japanese, Chinese, Africans and native Americans (a-6). Turkey is situated at the meeting point of three continents of the world and stands as a crossroad between Asia and Europe. Due to its geo$aphical location, Anatolia has historically been in contact with various races and ethnic groups from the tluee continents, namely Europe, Asia and Africa. As the presence of Factor V 1691 G A mutation was recently reported in a small sample of Turkish patients with thrombosis (7, 8), we aimed to determine the frequency of this mutation in healthy Turkish populations from Ankara and from Cyprus. With the composition of its population, Ankara represents a good example for screening studies of the Turkish population. Two hundred eighty five apparently healthy unrelated individuals from Ankara and ninety nine healthy individuals from Cyprus without any famial history of thrombosis, stroke or Behget's disease were included in the study. DNA was extracted by conventional methods and polymerase chain reaction of exon 10 of the Factor V gene was performed according to previously decribed method using primers 5'TCAGGCAGGAACAACACC3' ANd 5, GTTACTTCAAGGACfuA\A ATACCTG. TAAAGCT3'. Amplification was performed for 35 cycles with annealing temperature of 58o C (Ericomp, USA). Amplified DNA was digested with Hind III enzyme (Promega, USA) at37o C and subjected to27o agarose gel electrophoresis (Fig. l) (9). The results of the FV Leiden mutation in healthy individuals and the Turkish Cypriot population are shown in Table. Recently, thepresence of Factor V 1691 G A mutation in Turkish thrombotic patients was reported (7, 8). We conducted this survey in order to find the frequency of the mutation in healthy Turkish population. Giil et al found 10.3 Vo heterozygosity among 107 healthy individuals in Istanbul (8). Our data revealed 9.8V0 of Factor V Leiden 169l Q -+ A heterozygosity in 285 healthy Anatolian individuals with an allelic frequency of 4.9l%o. These values are probably one of the highest in Western population. FV 169l G -+ A mutation was found to be 12,27o in Turkish Cypriots. Previous studies revealed the allele frequency to be 7.0-8.0 7o tn Greece and Greek Cypriots, being one of the highest in Europe (10). Thus it can be said that the prevalence of this particular mutation is very high in Turkish Cypriots, almost similar to Thalassemia Syn-
The interactive effects of personal traits and guided practices on preservice teachers' changes in personal teaching efficacy

Personal teaching efficacy is associated with a teacher’s effectiveness in the classroom. To enhance this efficacy in a computer-simulated training program, both personal traits and guided practices need to be considered concurrently. In this study, it was hypothesised that the interactive effects from the coupling of personal traits with guided practices would be a reliable predictor of the degree of improvement in personal teaching efficacy during computer-simulated training. One hundred and seventy-eight preservice teachers completed an interactive teaching experience via the Computer Simulation for Teaching General Critical-thinking Skills in which guided practices were integrated via specially designed teaching sequences and loops. The findings suggest that intrapersonal intelligence, critical-thinking dispositions and a judicial thinking style are related to self-awareness, analytical learning and reflective thinking and that in this study, these personal qualities seemingly interacted with guided practices, which resulted in reflective teaching and mastery experience. This, in turn, may very well have brought about improvement in the preservice teachers’ personal teaching efficacy during the computer-simulated teaching.
Quaternion neural network with geometrical operators

Quaternion neural networks are models in which computations of the neurons are based on quaternions, the four-dimensional equivalents of imaginary numbers. This paper shows by experiments that the quaternion-version of the Back Propagation (BP) algorithm achieves correct geometrical transformations in three-dimensional space, as well as in color space for an image compression problem, whereas real-valued BP algorithms fail. The quaternion neural network also performs superior in terms of convergence speed to a real-valued neural network with respect to the 3-bit parity check problem, as simulations show.
CDS Trading and Stock Price Crash Risk

In this paper, we examine the impact of credit default swap (CDS) trading on the equity market in terms of stock price crash risk. We document that stock price crash is less likely after the inception of CDS trading. This evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that CDS prices reveal negative information that firms intend to hide, and information flow from the CDS market to the equity markets results in timely adjustment of stock prices and reduction of stock price crashes. We provide further evidence of the information revelation role of CDS trading by showing that CDS trading has stronger effects on reducing crash risk when firms are more likely to hide bad news in public disclosures and when executive compensation incentivizes managers to hide bad news. Our paper offers novel evidence on how a financial innovation in the debt market contributes to the stability in the equity market.
The practice of nurses working with older people in long term care: an Australian perspective.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To provide a contemporary description of the practice of nurses caring for older people in long term care. BACKGROUND The increasing size and morbidity of the population of older persons is driving the requirement for nurses who work in long term care to have appropriate educational qualifications and expertise. DESIGN A mixed method research design was used in this study. METHOD The perceptions from clinical registered nurses (n = 48) and nurse managers (n = 16), working in six long term aged care facilities were elicited. Data were collected via purposive questionnaires, document analysis and semi-structured interviews. RESULTS There was considerable agreement among the data and from the two groups of nurses about registered nurses' practice. The most frequently performed nursing activities revealed in the questionnaire were 'Organising their own workload' and 'Devising an individualised plan of care' whilst the lowest were 'Developing policies in response to changes in legislation or clinical practice' and 'Introducing appropriate research findings into practice'. Categories from the interviews included, 'It is a team effort', 'We manage' and 'Clinical skills and responsibilities'. Overall the data revealed a picture of nurses managing the care of older persons in a specialised context. CONCLUSION The findings confirm that the practice of nurses working with older persons in long term care has expanded to the role of specialised care facilitator. Registered nurses' practice in this study is consistent with current descriptions of gerontological nursing. However, some elements of practice require further development: person-centred care and evidence-based practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE. It remains a challenge for registered nurses working with older people to deliver person-centred care and to engage with evidence and integrate evidence into policy and practice. Strategies are required for registered nurses to develop these elements of practice.
The relationship of cash conversion cycle with firm size and profitability: a survey on manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka

In this paper investigate the relation between the length of the CCC and the size of the firms, and the length of the CCC and profitability. The researcher collected data of this study from the financial statements of the Companies listed on the CSE for the year 2009. The researcher utilized ANOVA and correlation analyses for empirical investigation. The major findings of the study are as follows. The lowest mean value of the CCC is found in the Manufacturing Companies, with an average of 3S.99 days, and the highest mean value of the CCC is found in the textile Companies, with an average of 163.33 days. There is a significant negative correlation between the CCC and the variables; the firm size and the profitability. The findings of this paper are based on a study conducted on the CSE. Hence, the results are not generaliseabIe to non-listed companies.
The Formation of Market-Level Expectations and Its Covariates

A formal model of market-level expectations is developed and used to identify testable hypotheses. The empirical findings indicate that market-level expectations are more adaptive in nature than previously thought. The study also provides the first systematic investigation of cross-industry variation in the formation of market-level expectations. Several factors, including advertising, word-of-mouth, market growth, and purchase frequency, are found to have a significant moderating influence on the adaptation rate. Finally, we find that market-level expectations adjust faster when perceived quality declines, suggesting that negativity biases manifest at a macrolevel--a phenomenon that has not been previously observed. Copyright 2003 by the University of Chicago.
Analytical Solutions of Multilevel Space-Vector PWM for Multiphase Voltage Source Inverters

This study systematically analyzes multilevel space-vector pulse width modulation for a multiphase voltage source inverter (VSI). The instantaneous output voltages of the VSI, which are called space vectors, can be classified according to the switching states of the VSI. By applying the eigenspace decomposition of the system matrix, the n-phase VSI control problem can be solved analytically. This analysis leads to a switching strategy that uses the fewest space vectors and minimum total conduction time. This yields a minimum switching number and efficient dc supply utilization. Further, the switching strategy of a multilevel multiphase VSI system can be solved based on the switching strategy of a two-level multiphase VSI. Simulations and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Understanding the Sources of Macroeconomic Uncertainty

We propose a decomposition to distinguish between Knightian uncertainty (ambiguity) and risk, where the first measures the uncertainty about the probability distribution generating the data, while the second measures uncertainty about the odds of the outcomes when the probability distribution is known. We use the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) density forecasts to quantify overall uncertainty as well as the evolution of the different components of uncertainty over time and investigate their importance for macroeconomic fluctuations. We also study the behavior and evolution of the various components of our decomposition in a model that features ambiguity and risk.
Last word on Point: Counterpoint: Hypobaric hypoxia induces different responses from normobaric hypoxia.

to the editor: We thank the authors of the comments (see Ref. [1][1]) who contributed their thoughts to this debate ([3][2], [5][3]). Many additional interesting arguments were provided, and most of the comments are in line with our view that hypobaric hypoxia induces different physiological
Lack of conscious recognition of one's own actions in a haptically deafferented patient

How do we become aware of our own actions? This classical question is still a matter of debate: does consciousness depend on central efferent signals or derive from peripheral information? In this paper, we had the opportunity to study a haptically deafferented patient using a well-tested experimental paradigm where a cognitive conflict is produced between motor intention, proprioception and visual feedback. Our results show that the patient was able to solve the conflict and to generate accurate movements to a target in the absence of proprioceptive feedback and with very limited visual feedback from her movements. Yet, she could not report any conscious perception of the conflict and showed no conscious knowledge of her actual performance. We suggest that information derived from efferent processes cannot in themselves be a source for conscious experience about our own actions.
Association of self-reported sleep duration with eating behaviors of American adults: NHANES 2005-2010.

BACKGROUND Published evidence suggests an inverse association between sleep duration and body weight status. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of sleep duration with eating behaviors reported by adult Americans to understand the relation between sleep duration and body weight status. DESIGN This cross-sectional study used sleep duration and dietary data from the continuous NHANES conducted from 2005 to 2010 (n = 15,199, age ≥20 y). Eating behaviors examined included the following: reporting of and energy from main meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) and snacks (before breakfast, after dinner, and after 2000 h), intermeal intervals, time of day of main meal reporting, and intakes of macronutrients and beverages. Multiple regression methods were used to examine the independent association of hours of sleep duration grouped as short (≤6 h), average (7-8 h), and long (≥9 h) with eating behavior outcomes. RESULTS Relative to average-duration sleepers, a smaller percentage of short-duration sleepers mentioned breakfast, lunch (women only), and dinner in the recall (P ≤ 0.04). They also reported a lower mean percentage of energy from main meals but higher energy from all snacks (P ≤ 0.0004) and after 2000 h (P = 0.03). Short-duration sleepers reported the earliest eating time of the first episode and the latest time of the last eating episode. Absolute amounts of sugar and caffeine and percentage of energy from beverages (women only) were higher in short-duration sleepers. However, the total number of eating episodes and energy intake were not related with sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS Short-duration sleepers began eating earlier and ended their eating later in the day, but despite the longer eating period, they did not report more eating events. Profiles of the relative contribution of main meals and snacks, at or after 2000 h eating, and beverages in short-duration sleepers were suggestive of eating behaviors that may increase energy intake, but 24-h energy intake did not differ among categories of sleep duration.
Accessibility and foliations with singularities

Introduction. Recently, Sussmann has proved that the accessible sets of a system of vectorfields on a C manifold M are immersed submanifolds of M [1], [2]. In this paper we state a general theorem on accessible sets of collections of 'arrows' and indicate how it implies (a) the above result; (b) the fact that the orbits of an arbitrary 'isotopically connected' subgroup of Diflf(M) form a foliation with singularities; and (c) a similar result for groupoids of germs of local diffeomorphisms. The complete proofs will be published elsewhere. The results of this paper were obtained independently of Sussmann's work.
The effect of corporate governance on firm performance: The case of Arab spring in the Middle East

This study investigates the impact of the separate elements of corporate governance on enterprise financial performance explained in three separate models (ROA, ROE, and Debt Ratio) for nonfinancial companies present within the S&P Pan Arab Composite Index. The data on corporate governance choices includes 225 firms for ten years from 2006 to 2015 gathered from ORBIS, Reuters Eikon, Datastream, as well as, annual and board reports. The firms included in this study are all listed respective to their country‘s stock exchange, which are present in eleven Arab countries namely: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia and United Arab Emirates. The corporate governance variables are divided into board structure variables (which includes Board size, Board independence, Duality Separation, and Diversity), ownership structure variables (which includes Ownership concentration, Direct ownership, Institutional ownership, and Foreign ownership), and controlled variables (which includes Firm size, Firm age, Industry type, Auditor type, as well as country Foreign exchange, Inward FDI, Outward FDI, GDP and Revolution). Furthermore, the topic attempts to understand the significance of the Arab Spring uprising on firm performance using the ROA and ROE measurements and debt ratio as a measurement of firm leverage. Furthermore, the data is used to compare the corporate governance variables five years before the Arab Spring uprising to the five years during/after the uprising. Regression results are demonstrated in the form of models. Model 1 shows the effect of corporate governance on firm performance measured by ROA. Results show that there is a significant positive relationship with board size, institutional ownership, audit type on firm performance measured by ROA, also there a significant negative relationship with duality, foreign ownership, firm size and the revolution variable on firm performance measured by ROA. Model 2 shows the effect of corporate governance on firm performance measured by ROE. Results show that there is a significant positive relationship with board size, institutional ownership, audit type on firm performance measured by ROE, also there a significant negative relationship with duality, firm size and the revolution variable on firm performance measured by ROE. Model 3 shows the effect of corporate governance on firm performance measured by Debt Ratio. Results show that there is a significant positive relationship with director ownership, foreign ownership, firm size, foreign exchange rate and the revolution variable on firm