Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A molecular survey of outflow gas: velocity-dependent shock chemistry and the peculiar composition of the EHV gas

Context. Bipolar outflows from Class 0 protostars often present two components in their CO spectra that have different kinematic behaviors: a smooth outflow wing and a discrete, extremely high-velocity (EHV) peak. Aims. To better understand the origin of these two outflow components, we have studied and compared their molecular composition. Methods. We carried out a molecular survey of the outflows powered by L1448-mm and IRAS 04166+2706, two sources with prominent wing and EHV components. For each source, we observed a number of molecular lines towards the brightest outflow position and used them to determine column densities for 12 different molecular species. Results. The molecular composition of the two outflows is very similar. It presents systematic changes with velocity that we analyze by dividing the outflow in three chemical regimes, two of them associated with the wing component and the other the EHV gas. The analysis of the two wing regimes shows that species like H 2 CO and CH 3 0H favor the low-velocity gas, while SiO and HCN are more abundant in the fastest gas. This fastest wing gas presents strong similarities with the composition of the "chemically active" L 1157 outflow (whose abundances we re-evaluate in an appendix). We find that the EHV regime is relatively rich in O-bearing species compared to the wing regime. The EHV gas is not only detected in CO and SiO (already reported elsewhere), but also in SO, CH 3 0H, and H 2 CO (newly reported here), with a tentative detection in HCO + . At the same time, the EHV regime is relatively poor in C-bearing molecules like CS and HCN, for which we only obtain weak detections or upper limits despite deep integrations. We suggest that this difference in composition arises from a lower C/O ratio in the EHV gas. Conclusions. The different chemical compositions of the wing and EHV regimes suggest that these two outflow components have different physical origins. The wing component is better explained by shocked ambient gas, although none of the existing shock models explains all observed features. We hypothesize that the peculiar composition of the EHV gas reflects its origin as a dense wind from the protostar or its surrounding disk.
Design and optimisation of a liquid metal spallation target for the energy amplifier prototype

The thermouid-dynamic and structural analysis of the spallation target for the Energy Ampli er [1] (EA) is presented. The sensitivity of the system to the geometrical and physical parameters has been analysed through extensive numerical thermouid-dynamic (TFD) simulations performed with the Star-CD commercial code [2]. Starting from the results obtained with the uid dynamic analysis, a linear structural analysis of the window-pipe system has been performed with the MSC/Nastran nite-elements code [3]. The result of this work is a set of design guidelines for the nal sizing of the target.
Synchronising pedagogy and musical experiences in early childhood: addressing challenges in preschool music education in Kenya

This paper examines pedagogy in early childhood music education and the resultant learning experiences in music for children in Kenyan preschools. Two important principles proposed for the synchronisation of teaching and learning in early childhood music education are cultural relevance and developmental appropriateness. These terms are operationalised to suit the Kenyan context. The study described here examined pedagogical practices and children’s musical activities from both cultural and psychological perspectives, based on the rationale that music education should be both culturally relevant and developmentally appropriate. Results suggested that little planning was carried out prior to musical activities, and that the activities did not always benefit all the children. The results of this study may be applicable to early childhood music education in a significant number of Kenyan preschools, since the majority of preschool teachers are trained using the same curriculum countrywide, hence their approach to music education is bound to have many commonalities.
Clinical Practice Guidelines Management of chronic hepatitis B in childhood : ESPGHAN clinical practice guidelines

Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain and Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Zentrum für Kinderund Jugendmedizin, HELIOS Klinikum Wuppertal, Witten-Herdecke University, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Eating Disorders, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland; Chair of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; Hepatogastroenterology-Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; University of Birmingham, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Paediatric Liver Centre, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
ASMaseAlcohol LMP Lipotoxicity Apoptosis Necrosis Insulin resistance Fibrosis Membrane instability Impaired methylation and antioxidant defense Steatosis Liver injury Inflammation Fibrosis ASH / NASH Steatosis ER stress Autophagy

Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain; University of Southern California Research Center for Alcohol Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA; CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
Preliminary results of stratification study in Sembrong Reservoir, Peninsular Malaysia

The possible occurrence of stratification was assessed in Sembrong reservoir located in Kluang, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. It is a man-made reservoir. Profile samplings were conducted at eight points. Water samples at each point were collected at discrete depth intervals of 1m. In situ measurement of Temperature , pH, Conductivity and Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) were carried out using Hydrolab DSX5. Water samples were analysed in lab for Fe, Al and Mn using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results show that pH, temperature and ORP tend to decrease after 3m depth. On the other hand, concentrations of Fe, Mn and Al slightly increased with depth as a result of reduction process. This phenomenon confirms the occurrence of reservoir stratification
In depth analysis of the combined HERA data in the dipole models with and without saturation

We present an updated impact parameter dependent saturation model (IPsat) determined trough a fit to the combined HERA I and I+II reduced cross section data. The same HERA data are used to fit the linearized (IPnonsat) version of the applied dipole amplitude, which makes it possible to estimate the magnitude of the saturation effects in various experiments. We find that both parametrizations provide comparable descriptions of the considered data when an effective confinement scale dynamics is incorporated with quark masses. Moreover, it is possible to consistently determine the light and charm quark masses. The role of potentially non-perturbatively large dipoles is examined in detail, with the result that, especially in case of the structure function $F_2$, their contribution is numerically significant. Potential to discriminate between the two models in future $e+p$ and $e+A$ experiments is also illustrated.
REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE STAGE BIAS IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND IMMUNE RESPONSES TO ENDOTOXIN CHALLENGE IN MURRAH BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)

Reproductive cycle in large domestic animals has a distinctly different hormonal milieu with estrus dominated by estrogen and diestrous by progesterone. Since the sex steroids are caught up in disease severity, present study investigated variability in immune responses upon endotoxin challenge at day 0 (estrous) and day 10 (diestrous) of the reproductive cycle in Murrah buffaloes. Physiological responses like rectal temperature, heart rate, pulse rate and immune responses like plasma TNFα, nitric oxide, xanthine oxidase, cortisol and glucose were evaluated before and after LPS challenge (E. coli 055:B5 0.6 μg/kg body weight). Physiological as well as immune responses were heightened during estrous as compared to the diestrous stage of the cycle after endotoxin challenge. The area under the curve (AUC) for rectal temperature and heart rate was signifi cantly (P<0.05) higher at estrous as compared to diestrous. Integrated responses of TNFα, nitric oxide and xanthine oxidaes to LPS challenge calculated as AUC were signifi cantly (P<0.05) higher at estrous as compared to the diestrous stage of the estrous cycle. AUC for plasma cortisol, an anti-infl ammatory mediator, was signifi cantly (P<0.001) higher at the diestrous than the estrous stages of cycle. During fi rst 2 h of endotoxin insult, hyperglycemia was registered which culminated in hypoglycaemia. Total leukocytes were higher in the estrous than the diestrous stage but endotoxin challenge did not affect the total counts. However, there was neutrophilia after endotoxin challenge in both the stages of the reproductive cycle in buffaloes. The results indicate that the underlying physiological attributes of stage of reproductive cycle represents a source of variability in immune competence when challenged.
Success factors of small and medium sized enterprises

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Pan-mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 is effective against intrahepatic cholangiocar- cinoma induced in mice by AKT and Yap co-expression

Background & Aims: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a lethal malignancy without effective treatment options. MLN0128, a second-generation pan-mTOR inhibitor, shows efficacy for multiple tumor types. Methods: We established a novel ICC mouse model via hydrodynamic transfection of activated forms of AKT (myr-AKT) and Yap (YapS127A) protooncogenes (that will be referred to as AKT/YapS127A). Genetic approaches were applied to study the requirement of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in mediating AKT/YapS127A driven tumorigenesis. Gemcitabine/Oxaliplatin and MLN0128 were administered in AKT/YapS127A tumor-bearing mice to study their antitumor efficacy in vivo. Multiple human ICC cell lines were used for in vitro experiments. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were applied for characterization and mechanistic study. Results: Co-expression of myr-AKT and YapS127A promoted ICC development in mice. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes were required for AKT/YapS127A ICC development. Gemcitabine/Oxaliplatin had limited efficacy in treating late stage AKT/YapS127A ICC. In contrast, partial tumor regression was achieved when MLN0128 was applied in the late stage of AKT/YapS127A cholangiocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, when MLN0128 was administered in the early stage of AKT/YapS127A carcinogenesis, it led to disease stabilization. Mechanistically, MLN0128 efficiently inhibited AKT/mTOR signaling both in vivo and in vitro, inducing strong ICC cell apoptosis and only marginally affecting proliferation. Conclusions: Altogether, our study suggests that mTOR kinase inhibitors may be beneficial for the treatment of ICC, even in tumors that are resistant to standard
Effects of predation by Hydra (Cnidaria) on cladocerans (Crustacea: Cladocera)

Planktonic cladocerans have evolved different strategies to avoid predation from vertebrates; these include changes in morphology, behavior, physiology, and/or life-history traits. However, littoral cladocerans are better adapted to avoid invertebrate predation particularly from insect larvae by evolving morphological and physiological adaptations. Nevertheless, this has not been proven for some littoral predators such as Hydra . In this study, we provide quantitative data on how Hydra affects its zooplankton prey. We studied the predation behavior on Alona glabra , Ceridodaphnia dubia , Daphnia pulex, Daphnia cf. mendotae, Diaphanosoma birgei, Macrothrix triserialis, Moina macrocopa, Pleuroxus aduncus, Scapholeberis kingi, Simocephalus vetulus, Elaphoidella grandidieri, Brachionus rubens and Euchlanis dilatata . We also tested the indirect effect of allelochemicals from Hydra on the demography of Daphnia cf. mendotae. Littoral cladocerans are specially adapted to resist nematocyst injection and discharge of toxic substances from Hydra . A significant decrease in the population growth rate from 0.21 to 0.125 d -1 was observed at densities of 2 ind. ml -1 . The role of carapace thickness as an adaptive strategy of littoral cladocerans against Hydra predation is discussed.
Modelling of Technological Solutions to 4th Generation DH Systems

Abstract Flue gas evaporation and condensing processes are investigated in a direct contact heat exchanger - condensing unit, which is installed after a furnace. By using equations describing processes of heat and mass transfer, as well as correlation coherences for determining wet gas parameters, a model is formed to create a no-filling, direct contact heat exchanger. Results of heating equipment modelling and experimental research on the gas condensing unit show, that the capacity of the heat exchanger increases, when return temperature of the district heating network decreases. In order to explain these alterations in capacity, the character of the changes in water vapour partial pressure, in the propelling force of mass transfer, in gas and water temperatures and in the determining parameters of heat transfer are used in this article. The positive impact on the direct contact heat exchanger by the decreased district heating (DH) network return temperature shows that introduction of the 4th generation DH system increases the energy efficiency of the heat exchanger. In order to make an assessment, the methodology suggested in the paper can be used in each particular situation.
Gittell partnerships in child care settings teacher − Transforming professionalism : Relational bureaucracy and parent

Dramatic shifts in early childhood policy in the US are increasing the bureaucratic nature of early childhood programs and influencing the field’s definition of professionalism. Despite the many benefits of professionalizing the child care field, the current trend toward formalization and standardization may have unintended negative consequences for parent–teacher partnerships, a key dimension of child care quality. This article employs an interdisciplinary lens to explore the conflict between family-centered practice and bureaucratic organizational systems, and suggests an alternative hybrid organizational model that transforms conventional notions of professionalism and bureaucracy. Effective partnerships with families in formal child care settings may depend on this ‘relational bureaucratic’ organizational context.
Organizational Commitment: The Study of Organizational Justice and Leader Member Exchange (LMX) Among Auditors in Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship and to test the interaction effects of organizational justice (distributive, procedural, and interactional) and the dimensions of LMX (affect, contribution, professional respect, and loyalty) on organizational commitment. Three broadly hypothesized relationships were tested in a field study among auditors serving in audit firms across Malaysia, who were registered with the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA). Based on the data from the survey, the results from the hierarchical regression provided moderate support for the hypotheses. The findings on direct effects revealed that predictor variables have a positive relationship with affective-normative commitment and only partial support for continuance commitment. Distributive, procedural and interactional perceptions of organizational justice, reciprocity, and contribution of LMX were found to be positively related to affective-normative commitment. Continuance commitment was significantly predicted by the contribution of LMX. The results provide partial support for the interaction effects of affective-normative and continuance commitment. One implication of the study’s findings is that human resources departments have to take a serious view of organizational justice and LMX when implementing human resource policies in order to encourage employees to manifest high levels of commitment.
A high resolution geophysical survey of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 84 Site 570.

Numerous small canyons and gullies begin or end on the middle and upper continental slope off Guatemala suggesting rapidly varying depositional centers and erosional sites. Seismic data indicate downslope sediment transport and deposition on the midslope above a high-amplitude diffractive acoustic basement. Near Hole 570 acoustic basement is at a position and depth that corresponds to recovered serpentinites and serpentinized peridotites. The topographic high west of Site 570 is the source of a high-gradient magnetic anomaly, and on the basis of seismic and magnetic data it is interpreted to be an exposed outcrop of acoustic basement.
Are 'Rockets and Feathers' Caused by Search or Informational Frictions?

Prices usually adjust much faster when costs increase than when costs decrease. The mechanism driving this "Rockets-and-Feathers" phenomenon is not well understood despite of ample empirical evidence for its existence. We use simple experimental markets with and without consumer search and either privately or publicly observed cost shocks to study this puzzle. In contrast to the theoretical predictions, we observe price dispersion and asymmetric price adjustment in all four settings. We attribute the pricing behavior to bounded rationality and its interaction with adaptive expectations. We conclude that neither search costs nor private information are indispensable for prices to adjust asymmetrically.
Crip heroes and social change

THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS a critical reading of Robert McRuer’s Crip Theory: cultural signs of queerness and disability (2006), in which the author, a professor of English, explores common ground between disability studies and queer theory. The conjunction of the two has been rare (Gronvik 2008:48; Kafer 2009:291) but does ap- pear in a special edition of the magazine GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies for which McRuer was one of several guest editors (2003). The aim of the present article is two-fold. First, the consequences of McRuer’s choice of empirical data for Crip Theory are analysed. Second, the relevance of Crip Theory for a study on how female athletes with physical impairments relate to their bodies and to the field of sports is examined.
The mechanical properties of braided reinforced composites for application in concrete structures

The current work is concerned with the development of braided reinforced composites for civil engineering applications. The research study aims at understanding the mechanical behaviour of core reinforced braided fabrics. Various samples have been produced using polyester fibres, for the production of the braided fabrics, and glass, carbon, polyethylene and sisal fibres, for the core reinforcement. The results of the tensile tests carried out in the various samples of reinforced braided fabrics obtained are presented and discussed. Moreover, the influence of the testing conditions and of the braiding angle are also studied. In order to produce braided reinforced composite rods to be used as concrete reinforcement, a special technique has been developed using a standard vertical braiding machine. The tensile and bending properties of braided reinforced composite rods have been evaluated and the results obtained are presented, discussed and compared with those of conventional materials, such as steel.
Experiment 1 : Benefit of Speech Produced in a Two-Talker Background for Closed-Set Spondee Identification Method

Purpose: This study evaluated the degree to which children benefit from the acoustic modifications made by talkers when they produce speech in noise. Method: A repeated measures design compared the speech perception performance of children (5–11 years) and adults in a 2-talker masker. Target speech was produced in a 2-talker background or in quiet. In Experiment 1, recognition with the 2 target sets was assessed using an adaptive spondee identification procedure. In Experiment 2, the benefit of speech produced in a 2-talker background was assessed using an open-set, monosyllabic word recognition task at a fixed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Results: Children performed more poorly than adults, regardless of whether the target speech was produced in quiet or in a 2-talker background. A small improvement in the SNR required to identify spondees was observed for both children and adults using speech produced in a 2-talker background (Experiment 1). Similarly, average open-set word recognition scores were 11 percentage points higher for both age groups using speech produced in a 2-talker background compared with quiet (Experiment 2). Conclusion: The results indicate that children can use the acoustic modifications of speech produced in a 2-talker background to improve masked speech perception, as previously demonstrated for adults.
Population structure and linkage disequilibrium in diploid and tetraploid potato revealed by genome‐wide high‐density genotyping using the SolCAP SNP array

Genome-wide association (GWA) mapping in potato requires high-density genotyping. With the Illumina SolCAP potato single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, a first tool for GWA mapping in potato became available. Thirty-six tetraploid varieties and eight diploid breeding clones were genotyped for 8303 SNPs using this array. The objectives of our study were to examine in this set of germplasm: (i) the degree of polymorphism of the SolCAP SNPs in European germplasm, (ii) the population structure, (iii) temporal trends of genetic diversity and (iv) the genome-wide extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Three-quarters of the SNPs were polymorphic. In the principal coordinate analysis, a clear separation of tetraploid from diploid genotypes was observed, whereas no distinct subgroups among the tetraploid varieties were detected. The nonlinear trendline of the LD measure vs. the physical map distance decayed within 275 bp to an value of 0.10, indicating that theoretically, about 3 million equally distributed SNPs are required for GWA mapping in this diverse set of germplasm. As the LD decay changes with the population selected for GWA mapping, the number of required markers might be different in other germplasm.