Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vivo neurometabolic pro fi ling in orthostatic tremor

The pathogenesis of orthostatic tremor (OT) remains unclear, although some evidence points to dysfunction in the brainstem or cerebellum. We used single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) (3T) to investigate whether neurochemical changes underlie abnormal cerebellar or cortical function in OT. Fourteen OT patients and 14 healthy controls underwent 1H-MRS studies with voxels placed in midparietal gray matter and cerebellum (vermis and central white matter). Spectral analysis was analyzed using the software package LCModel (version 6.3). The absolute metabolite concentrations and ratios of total N-acetylaspartate+N-acetylaspartyl glutamate (NAA), choline-containing compounds, myoinositol, and glutamate+glutamine to creatine were calculated. In midparietal gray matter spectra, we found a significant decrease in the absolute concentration of NAA in OT patients versus healthy controls (7.76±0.25 vs 8.11±0.45, P=0.017). A similar decrease in NAA was seen in the cerebellar vermis (7.33±0.61 vs 8.55±1.54, P=0.014) and cerebellar white matter (8.54±0.79 vs 9.95±1.57, P=0.010). No differences in the other metabolites or their ratios were observed. Reductions in both cerebral cortical and cerebellar NAA suggest that there is neuronal damage or loss in OT, raising the intriguing question as to whether OT is a neurodegenerative disease. Along with clinical history and electrophysio0logical examination, 1H-MRS could serve as a useful diagnostic aid for OT. Abbreviations: 1H-MRS= proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Cho= choline-containing compounds, Cr= creatine, CSF = cerebrospinal fluid, ET = Echo Time, EMG = electromyogram, EQ VAS = EQ visual analog scale, EQ-5D = EuroQol-5 dimension, Glx = glutamate+glutamine, HRQoL = health-related quality of life, IT = Inversion Time, ml =myoinositol, MRI =magnetic resonance imaging, m-UPDRS = motor portion of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, NAA = N-acetylaspartate+N-acetylaspartyl glutamate, OT = orthostatic tremor, PRESS = Point Resolved Spectroscopy, RT = Repetition Time, SD = standard deviation.
Age-Related Changes of Ag, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Rb, Sb,Sc, Se, and Zn Contents in Intact Thyroid of Males Investigated by Neutron Activation Analysis

A prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is higher in the elderly as compared to the younger population. An excess or deficiency of trace element contents in thyroid plays important role ingoitroand carcinogenesis of gland. The variation with age of the mass fraction of ten trace elements (Ag, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, and Zn) in intact (normal) thyroid of 62 males (mean age 35.9 years, range 2-80) was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of long-lived radio nuclides. Mean values± standard error of mean for mass fractions (mg/kg, on dry-mass basis) of the trace elements studied were: Ag0.0156±0.0021, Co0.0352±0.0031, Cr0.520±0.041, Fe 222±12, Hg0.0461±0.0053, Rb 7.89 0.58, Sb 0.108±0.010, Sc 0.0051±0.0012, Se 2.36±0.17, and Zn103±5.5. This work revealed that there is a significant tendency for an increase in Se mass fraction in normal male thyroid during a lifespan.Therefore, a goitrogenic and carcinogenic effect of inadequate Se level in the thyroid of old males and a harmful effect of disturbance in intra thyroidal trace element relationships with increasing age may be assumed.
Conflicting Rhetoric between Male and Female English Teachers: The Case of Pedagogically Related Discourse Models

The Present study aimed to investigate the relationship between gender and English teaching and learning. For this purpose, from a population of six hundred English students and teachers in different institutes in Isfahan a sample of 87 were selected by using a convenient sampling method. An observation checklist and two questionnaires were used for collecting data. The results showed that the difference between male and female teachers with respect to their pedagogical rhetoric in L2 classrooms was indeed significant, with females gaining a higher mean score than male teachers. Although male and female teachers are not remarkably different in their attitudes, female teachers emulated male teachers when it came to teaching techniques and there were significant differences in classroom management. In addition, the students who had a teacher of the opposite sex tended to have a more positive attitude towards L2 learning. In fact, Male students who had a female teacher had the highest integrative motivation, while female students with male teachers had the lowest degree of integrative motivation.
A Content Analysis Concerning the Studies on Challenges Faced by Novice Teachers.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the studies concerning challenges faced by novice teachers in terms of various aspects and compare challenges according to location of the studies conducted in Turkey and abroad. A total of 30 research studies were included in detailed analysis. This is a descriptive study based on qualitative research method. In the analysis of the studies, a matrix (content analysis form) was prepared and studies were analyzed accordingly. In addition, descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and graphics were used. As a result of the study, it was found that 22 studies were articles, five of them were dissertations and three of them were master theses. Half of the studies were designed as case studies and almost half of them were designed as descriptive survey. In half of the studies, qualitative research method was preferred. The most frequently used data collection tools are survey and interview form; the most frequently used data analysis technique is descriptive statistics. Most of the studies were conducted on small samples. Furthermore, it was found that novice teachers faced various challenges which were grouped under four themes named as instructional, relational, adaptation challenges and physical infrastructure/facilities of the school.
Floristic composition, diversity and vegetation structure of woody plant communities in Boda dry evergreen Montane Forest, West Showa, Ethiopia

This study was conducted on Boda Forest in West Showa Zone, Oromia National Regional State, west Ethiopia with the objective of determining the floristic composition, species diversity and the vegetation structure of the woody plant communities in Boda natural forest. Systematic sampling method was used to collect the vegetation data. Accordingly, 60 plots of 20 x 20 m (400 m2) quadrats were laid at every 50 m along five transect lines from south to north direction using compass. Vegetation parameters such as diameter at breast height (DBH), height and density of the study woody species were recorded, and all the collected vascular plant species were brought to National Herbarium of Ethiopia for identification. Vegetation classification was performed using R program Version 2.15. 2 software vegan and labdsv packages. The Sorensens’s similarity coefficient and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were also used to detect similarities among communities and to compute species diversity and evenness between the plant communities, respectively. A total of 95 species belonging to 76 genera and 58 families were identified from the forest. The collected species were composed of 34.7% trees, 45.2% shrubs, 13.6% liana, 3% epiphyte, 1% trees/shrubs and 1% tree/liana. Five community types, Galiniera saxifrage-Maesa lanceolata, Juniperus procera-Myrsine Africana, Carissa spinarum-Helichrysum citrispinum, Osyris quadripartite-Rhus ruspolii and Acacia abyssinica-Gomphocarpus fruticosus were recognized from the hierarchical cluster analysis. Generally, the forest was dominated by the small sized trees and shrubs indicating that it is in the stage of secondary regeneration. The presence of strong anthropogenic disturbance in the area necessitates the need for an immediate conservation action in order to ensure the sustainable utilization and management of the forest. Key words: Anthropogenic disturbance, diversity, floristic composition, plant community, population structure.
1 Diurnal and seasonal variations of carbon dioxide 2 ( CO 2 ) concentration in urban , suburban and rural 3 areas around Tokyo-city 4

Site environments and instrumental characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO2) 9 measurements operated by local governments in the Kanto Plain, the center of which is Tokyo were 10 summarized for this study. The observation sites were classified into environments of three types: 11 urban, suburban, and woodland. Based on a few decades of accumulated hourly data, the diurnal 12 and seasonal variations of CO2 concentrations were analyzed as a composite of anomalies from 13 annual means recorded for each site. In urban areas, the highest concentrations appear before 14 midnight in winter. The second peak corresponds to the morning rush hour and strengthening of 15 the inversion layer. Suburban areas can be characterized as having the highest concentration before 16 dawn and the lowest concentration during the daytime in summer in association with the 17 activation of respiration and photosynthesis of vegetation. In these areas, concentration peaks also 18 appear during the morning rush hour. Woodland areas show background features, with the 19 highest concentration in early spring: higher than the global background by about 5 ppmv. 20
Essential Dynamics of Secondary Eyewall Formation

AbstractThe authors conduct an analysis of the dynamics of secondary eyewall formation in two modeling frameworks to obtain a more complete understanding of the phenomenon. The first is a full-physics, three-dimensional mesoscale model in which the authors examine an idealized hurricane simulation that undergoes a canonical eyewall replacement cycle. Analysis of the mesoscale simulation shows that secondary eyewall formation occurs in a conditionally unstable environment, questioning the applicability of moist-neutral viewpoints and related mathematical formulations thereto for studying this process of tropical cyclone intensity change. The analysis offers also new evidence in support of a recent hypothesis that secondary eyewalls form via a progressive boundary layer control of the vortex dynamics in response to a radial broadening of the tangential wind field.The second analysis framework is an axisymmetric, nonlinear, time-dependent, slab boundary layer model with radial diffusion. When this boundary l.
Gut dysfunction in the critically ill − mechanisms and clinical implications

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common problem in the critically ill patient, and is commonly observed in the intensive care unit (ICU). It is recognised that a functional gastrointestinal tract is an important factor in the clinical outcome of patients in the ICU. The difficulty in clinical practice has been the lack of an objective or unified definition or understanding of what gastrointestinal dysfunction in the critically ill means. Additionally, gut problems in ICU may often be fairly occult and challenging to classify by degree. Critical illness-associated gut dysfunction is implicated in aetiological processes that drive critical illness, and is further linked to negative nutritional and infectious consequences and poor clinical outcomes. There is currently no complete, unified pathophysiological model of the phenomenon, and cross-disciplinary research opportunities therefore exist both to clarify the mechanisms and to develop treatments.
Unveiling anger and aggression in sports : the effects of type of sport, competitive category and success level

Few studies have explored anger, aggression and antisocial behaviour in sport competition. Therefore, this study intends to analyse the patterns of association between aggression-related variables, and the effect of type of sport, competitive categories and success levels. Two hundred and thirty one athletes from different types of sport completed measures of anger, aggression, anti-social behaviour, anger rumination and provocation. Results provided support for the link between anger, aggression and anti-social behaviour, as well as the importance of provocation and anger rumination in aggressive behaviours. Additionally, athletes from sports with higher levels of physical contact and from lower or younger competitive categories tended to be more aggressive than those from sports with lower levels of contact and from higher competitive levels. However, results failed to demonstrate any significant differences considering the achievement level. These findings provide an important basis to understand individual differences in aggressive-related variables.
Persistent and Lyric Infections with SSPE Virus : A Comparison of the Synthesis of Virus-specifie Polypeptides

The synthesis of virus-specific polypeptides and messenger RNA in cell cultures persistently infected with an isolate of measles virus from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) has been compared to that found in a lytic infection with the homologous virus. The persistent infection described here was chosen as its biological characteristics reflect those of virus-infected brain cells from SSPE patients. The synthesis of H, N and possibly F protein was seen in both lytic and persistent infections, but the synthesis of M protein was only detected in the lytic infection. However, messenger RNA isolated from either the lytic or persistent infection directed the synthesis in a cell-free translation system of all structural polypeptides, including M, and also three non-structural polypeptides, with mol. wt. of 34000, 30000 and 18000. Messenger RNAs coding for the virus-specific polypeptides were also shown to be polyadenylated. In addition, those polypeptides made in vitro which were antigenically related to the haemagglutinin, demonstrated structural changes after passage through a persistent infection. 191
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Noise Induced Hearing Loss and other Work-Related Health Problems among Stone Saw Workers in West Bank-Palestine

Introduction: Stone quarrying have been known as highly hazardous work, whereby workers are affected by many debilitating occupational health hazards and diseases. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of work related health problems and to the risk factors of Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) among Palestinian stone cutting workers. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study including 259 male workers, who were available at all stonesaw workshops (n=42 workshop) in northern part of West Bank, Palestine, (April-June 2012). They were interviewed using structured questionnaire including socio-demographic data and work conditions. Examination of the workers by occupational audiometry and clinically for musculoskeletal and skin diseases was performed. An environmental measurement such as noise level meter was done. Results: All participants were males, the mean age was 36.85± 11.41 years and mean duration of service is 13 ±9.1 years, 45.2% of the workers had NIHL, 35.9% had history of work injuries, 26.6% had musculoskeletal problems and 11.6% had skin lesions. Significant associations (p<0.05) were identified by multivariate analysis between NIHL and the work type, noise, dust, duration of work, educational level, periodic health appraisal, using personal protective equipment, smoking and residence. Noise level was found to be between 93-123 dB. Conclusion: Stone-saw workers are at risk of NIHL, dermatoses and musculoskeletal disorders as well as injuries. Certain factors like non usage of personal protective equipment increase the risk for developing these health effects. It is recommended to screen for hearing loss for people working in stone cutting workshops. Prevention programs and legislation which already exist should be implemented and enforced.
A comparison of uranium recovery from low-grade ore by bioleaching and acid leaching

The objective of this work was to compare the bioleaching with the acid leaching of uranium under similar process conditions within 65 days. The low-grade uranium ore used in the experiments was collected from Radoniow’s ‘small’ dump, Poland. Bioleaching and acid leaching studies were carried out in identical columns. The isolated bacterial consortium from the Radoniow’s mine was used for the bioleaching process. A solution of sulphuric acid and H2O2 as oxidizing agent was used for the acid leaching. The extraction of uranium under acid leaching conditions reached maximum of 64±13 % w/w after 31 days. The bioleaching of uranium achieved a maximum extraction of 75±15 % w/w after 55 days. In this study an attempt was made to demonstrate the relationship between the shrinking-core model and the experimental data by plotting the fractional conversion of uranium against time.
Candidate Gender and Electoral Success in Single Transferable Vote Systems

The proportion of those elected to national legislatures who are women varies widely, with most countries falling far short of gender parity. In the average parliament, only 18 per cent of the members are women, but some countries have nearly obtained gender parity while others have no women at all in office. Most of the comparative, cross-national work on women’s representation tries to explain differences in the percentage of seats held by women using aggregate-level factors, such as socio-economic development, political culture or electoral institutions. While this answers an important question about women’s descriptive representation, its dominance has nearly precluded research on other equally essential and related questions. We examine two of these questions in this research note: once a prospective candidate has decided to enter a race, does the candidate’s gender systematically work against (or for) her? And do the individual-level, party-level and district-level characteristics that typically determine electoral success work differently for male and female candidates? To answer these questions, we adopt a novel approach to studying women’s representation. We approach it from the level of the individual candidate and use multilevel modelling to test hypotheses about how individual, party and districtlevel factors affect the election of women. We do this in three national settings – Australia, Ireland and Malta. When the election of women is addressed with a single observation taken at the level of the national legislature, it is impossible to tease out how individual, party and district-level factors condition the election of women. By making the unit of analysis the individual candidate, we can examine questions that have not received much attention in cross-national research. Candidate-level research in comparative politics is rare because of the demands of data collection and statistical modelling. Collecting candidate-level data across countries and over time is difficult and time-consuming. Most studies of gender’s effect on vote choice focus on one country and only one or two elections. We observe fifteen elections across three countries with more than three thousand individual candidates running under the banners of more than one hundred parties in almost seventy distinct electoral districts. What is more, modelling data where covariates are measured at multiple levels requires methodological tools that have become widespread in political
Selenium Potentiates Chemotherapeutic Selectivity: Improving Efficacy and Reducing Toxicity

Abstract : In mice, selenium in the form of seleno-L-methionine was reported to have two effects 1) to enhance efficacy of cancer therapeutics against cancer cells; and 2) to protect bone marrow and gut epithelium from dose-limiting toxicity. We are exploring the mechanism whereby selenium can have differential effects on cancer cells versus normal cells. A key genetic alteration in cancer is p53 mutation. About 70% of all human cancers are mutant i.e. defective in p53, while bone marrow and other normal tissues are functional for p53. P53 is known to protect normal cells by a DNA repair mechanism. Cancer cells lack the DNA repair mechanism and are predicted to be sensitive to chemotherapy. A DNA repair protein that is controlled by p53 is Xpc. Thus, wildtype, p53-/-, or xpc-/- mice were used to test the hypothesis that 1) selenium evoked a DNA repair and protective response in wildtype cells including bone marrow; and 2) DNA repair was defective in cells deleted for p53 or xpc genes and these cells including cancer cells would not be protected.
Three-dimensional stability of vortex arrays in a stratified and rotating fluid

This paper investigates numerically and through an asymptotic approach the three-dimensional stability of steady vertical vortex arrays in a stratified and rotating fluid. Three classical vortex arrays are studied: the Kármán vortex street, the symmetric double row and the single row of co-rotating vortices. The asymptotic analysis assumes well-separated vortices and long-wavelength bending perturbations following Billant (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 660, 2010, p. 354) and Robinson & Saffman (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 125, 1982, p. 411). Very good agreement with the numerical stability analysis is found even for finite wavelength and relatively close vortices. For a horizontal Froude number Fh ≤ 1 and for a non-rotating fluid, it is found that the Kármán vortex street for a street spacing ratio (the distance h between the rows divided by the distance b between vortices in the same row) κ ≤ 0.41 and the symmetric double row for any spacing ratio are most unstable to a three-dimensional instability of zigzag type that vertically bends the vortices. The most amplified vertical wavenumber scales like 1/(bFh) and the growth rate scales with the strain Γ/(2πb2), where Γ is the vortex circulation. For the Kármán vortex street, the zigzag instability is symmetric with respect to the midplane between the two rows while it is antisymmetric for the symmetric double row. For the Kármán vortex street with well-separated vortex rows κ > 0.41 and the single row, the dominant instability is two-dimensional and corresponds to a pairing of adjacent vortices of the same row. The main differences between stratified and homogeneous fluids are the opposite symmetry of the dominant three-dimensional instabilities and the scaling of their most amplified wavenumber. When Fh > 1, three-dimensional instabilities are damped by a viscous critical layer. In the presence of background rotation in addition to the stratification, symmetric and antisymmetric modes no longer decouple and cyclonic vortices are less bent than anticyclonic vortices. However, the dominant instability remains qualitatively the same for the three vortex arrays, i.e. quasi-symmetric or quasi-antisymmetric and three-dimensional or two-dimensional. The growth rate continues to scale with the strain but the most unstable wavenumber of three-dimensional instabilities decreases with rotation and scales like Ro/(bFh) for small Rossby number Ro, in agreement with quasi-geostrophic scaling laws.
Repatriation: Furthering the Research Agenda through the Lens of Commitment, Uncertainty Reduction and Social Cognitive Career Theories

There is extensive evidence that repatriation of international assignees is not always successful. High turnover amongst repatriating staff within two years of an assignment is regularly reported to be double the expected turnover rate of non expatriated employees. Previous research has linked turnover to dissatisfaction of the repatriation process. The purpose of this paper is to extend existing knowledge through the examination of three theories; uncertainty reduction, commitment and social cognitive theories whilst considering the influence of HRM. The paper derives assumptions based on extending existing theoretical foundations to consider HRM upon the repatriation experience.