Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep Monitoring Techniques within Intensive Care

Sleep is an essential biological function that provides important restorative psycho-physiological processes. Patients in the Intensive Care Unit are highly vulnerable to sleep disturbance which can protract their recovery. Despite sleep disturbance being widely acknowledged amongst this patient cohort, the ability to make significant changes to minimise the burden of sleep deprivation remains a challenge. This is further compounded by the difficulties faced by clinicians to identify and implement accurate and feasible sleep monitoring techniques in the intensive care. Whilst objective, behavioural and subjective methods of sleep assessment exist, all have specific limitations when applied to critically ill patients. In an attempt to illuminate these issues, current sleep monitoring techniques are appraised.
The effect of nonfarm income on investment in Bulgarian family farming

This paper documents a relationship between non-farm income (primarily earnings and pensions) and agricultural outlays in Bulgaria, using the 2003 Multitopic Household Survey. The outcomes analyzed are expenditures on working capital (variable inputs such as feed, seed, and herbicides) and investment in livestock. I find that while non-farm income has no significant effect on the probability of purchasing variable inputs, it does have an effect on the amount spent if positive, with an estimated elasticity of 0.14. Non-farm income also has an effect on the number of households that purchase farm animals, with an estimated elasticity of 0.35. The use of non-farm income for farm investment is consistent with the presence of credit constraints, as is the fact that less than one per cent of farmers report outstanding debts for agricultural purposes. Yet it is also noted that many farm households take out large unsecured loans for other purposes, suggesting that a lack of demand for agricultural borrowing may also be part of the problem.
Foraging strategies of sheep and goats under semi-intensive management in Botswana

Diet selection of sheep and goats was determined seasonally using the microhistological technique to assess their trophic diversities, diet overlapping and preferences between the two species. The trophic diversities of both sheep and goats were higher in the wet than in the dry season. During both seasons sheep had higher trophic diversities than goats. Diet overlapping was higher during the dry season and lower during the wet season. Preference of forage by sheep and goats was influenced by season. Sheep, during the wet season preferred grasses and forbs and rejected browse, but preferred all forage classes during the dry season. Goats, on the other hand, preferred all forage classes during the wet season and preferred only browse during the dry season.
Rapid food web recovery in response to removal of an introduced apex predator

Non-native species have increased extinction rates, decreased diversity, altered organism distributions, and constrained ecosystem functioning in native aquatic and terrestrial communities. Although widespread fish introductions have dramatically altered fish communities in north temperate lakes, restoration of native fish communities has been rarely accomplished. This study evaluated a native fish community restoration using a stable isotope based metric. Sta- ble isotopes from a native apex predator (lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)) were used to measure food web changes following removal of a dominant non-native apex predator (smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu)). Prior to bass re- moval, lake trout consumed primarily invertebrates. Within 2 years of the initiation of an experimental removal effort, lake trout δ 13 C values (-25.9‰ to -24.9‰) and trophic position (3.5-3.9) increased, reflecting a switch to prey fish consumption that was supported by stomach contents analyses. Here, we show the rapid reestablishment of food web linkages within a native fish community in response to changes in principal energy sources and trophic position of a native apex predator along with the ability to quantify the extent of these changes. Resume : Les especes non indigenes accroissent les taux d'extinction, reduisent la diversite, modifient la repartition des organismes et genent le fonctionnement des ecosystemes des communautes indigenes aquatiques et terrestres. Bien que les introductions repandues de poissons aient modifie de facon tres serieuse les communautes de poissons des lacs nordiques temperes, on a rarement reussi a retablir les peuplements indigenes de poissons. Notre etude evalue la restau- ration d'un peuplement indigene de poissons a l'aide d'une metrique basee sur les isotopes stables. Les isotopes stables d'un predateur du sommet du reseau alimentaire (le touladi, Salvelinus namaycush) nous servent a mesurer les change- ments dans le reseau apres l'elimination d'un predateur superieur dominant non indigene (l'achigan a petite bouche, Micropterus dolomieu). Avant le retrait des achigans, les touladis consommaient surtout des invertebres. En moins de deux ans apres le debut de l'experience de retrait experimental, il y a eu une augmentation des valeurs de δ 13 C (-25,9‰ a -24,9‰) et de la position trophique (3,5-3,9) chez le touladi qui reflete un passage a la consommation de poissons comme proies, ce qui est confirme par les analyses des contenus stomacaux. Nous montrons ici un retablisse- ment rapide des liens du reseau alimentaire dans un peuplement de poissons indigenes en reaction a des changements des principales sources d'energie et de la position trophique d'un predateur superieur indigene. Nous avons aussi pu evaluer quantitativement l'importance de ces changements.
Fuzzy logic-based approximate event notification in sparse MANETs

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) are an important communication infrastructure to support emergency and rescue operations. To address the frequent disconnections and network partitions that might occur, we have developed a distributed event notification service (DENS) for sparse MANETs. In most event notification solutions, subscriptions are formed with crisp values or crisp value ranges. However, in emergency and rescue operations subscribers may not always have time to give crisp values or crisp value ranges. Moreover, subscriber's interests in queries have gradual nature and subjective measure that calls for computing by words. Therefore, we design and implement a simple fuzzyconcept based subscription language allowing more expressive subscriptions and more sophisticated event-filtering. It is built on two new ideas: using features as multi-attribute indexes of the subscription and predicate patterns for processing subscriptions with arbitrary Boolean operators. However, requiring more computational efforts, fuzzy logic introduces performance penalties in the whole network. The proposed services have been evaluated for run-time, space and scalability efficiency. The proposed design framework is extensible to the userand application-semantics and configurable to the dynamics in data that publish/subscribe paradigm imposes at runtime.
Acylation and Stability Analysis of Blueberry Anthocyanins

The instability of blueberry anthocyanins was a big obstacle for its usage. In order to improve the stability of anthocyanins, molecular modification was used. In this paper, the molecular modification of blueberry anthocyanins was acylated by using aliphatic carbonyl acids. The effects of the acylated agents with different length of carbon chain and different number of carbonyl group on stability of blueberry anthocyanins were investigated. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum showed that the blueberry anthocyanins had been acylated. The stabilities (light and heat) were significantly increased being compared with unacylated anthocyanins. Results showed that the acylation method could increase the stability of original anthocyanin extracts.
Generic additions to the Rapateaceae of Rondônia, Brazil

Rapateaceae is a monocot family centered in the Guiana Shield region of South America. This article reports four generic additions to the Rapateaceae of Rondonia, a state in northern Brazil. Cephalostemon gracilis (Poepp. & Endl.) R.H. Schomb. , Duckea cyperaceoidea (Ducke) Maguire, Monotrema xyridoides Gleason, and Schoenocephalium cucullatum Maguire were recorded in lowland savannas and open white-sand ecosystems in the state. These findings extend significantly the known diversity of the Rapateaceae taxa occurring in Rondonia, and represent an extension of their geographical distribution to a Brazilian state with no part of its territory in the Guiana Shield.
Analysis of Delta-V Losses During Lunar Capture Sequence Using Finite Thrust

To prepare for a future Korean lunar orbiter mission, semi-optimal lunar capture orbits using finite thrust are designed and analyzed. Finite burn delta-V losses during lunar capture sequence are also analyzed by comparing those with values derived with impulsive thrusts in previous research. To design a hypothetical lunar capture sequence, two different intermediate capture orbits having orbital periods of about 12 hours and 3.5 hours are assumed, and final mission operation orbit around the Moon is assumed to be 100 km altitude with 90 degree of inclination. For the performance of the on-board thruster, three different performances (150 N with of 200 seconds, 300 N with of 250 seconds, 450 N with of 300 seconds) are assumed, to provide a broad range of estimates of delta-V losses. As expected, it is found that the finite burn-arc sweeps almost symmetric orbital portions with respect to the perilune vector to minimize the delta-Vs required to achieve the final orbit. In addition, a difference of up to about 2% delta-V can occur during the lunar capture sequences with the use of assumed engine configurations, compared to scenarios with impulsive thrust. However, these delta-V losses will differ for every assumed lunar explorer`s on-board thrust capability. Therefore, at the early stage of mission planning, careful consideration must be made while estimating mission budgets, particularly if the preliminary mission studies were assumed using impulsive thrust. The results provided in this paper are expected to lead to further progress in the design field of Korea`s lunar orbiter mission, particularly the lunar capture sequences using finite thrust.
Vicuña conservation and poverty alleviation? Andean communities and international fibre markets

Vicuna (Vicugna vicugna) fiber is produced by extremely low-income communities that inhabit the harsh environment of the Andes in Argentina, Chile, Peru and Bolivia. At the other end of the social scale, affluent consumers are willing to pay high prices for vicuna-made accessories and clothes. Vicuna management projects follow the logic of community-based wildlife management. The rationale for seeking to conserve vicunas through sustainable use is that commercial utilization of the fiber (obtained from live-shorn animals) will generate sufficient economic benefits to outweigh the costs of conservation, and contribute to community development and poverty alleviation. However, although conservation efforts have been extremely successful with vicunas having recovered from the brink of extinction, the socio-economic achievements have thus far proved modest. This paper explores multiple-objective projects that address vicuna conservation and poverty alleviation in Andean countries. In doing so it analyses the tensions that exist between these objectives, as well as the factors that limit a more equitable distribution of benefits among stakeholders. Examples are drawn from vicuna management under common-property in Peru and Bolivia, and vicuna captive management under private property in Argentina. These case studies enable us to illustrate the complex relationship between local communities and the global market, and the importance of community enterprises and supportive government policy in managing a common pool resource.
Population Status of Acropora Corals in the Florida Keys

Population declines of staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) and elkhorn coral (A. palmata) are often-cited examples of Caribbean reef change since the 1970s, due, in part, to disease and localized effects from storms and predation. Both corals were listed as threatened on the U.S. Endangered Species List based upon range-wide decline and poor recovery. A spatially intensive survey undertaken in the Florida Keys of Acropora corals quantified habitat distribution, colony abundance, size, and condition at 235 sites spanning over 200 km in 2007. A two-stage stratified sampling design using belt transects incorporated cross-shelf habitats and no-fishing management zones from < 1 m to 15 m depth. A. cervicornis was widely distributed among sites and habitats and was particularly abundant on patch reefs, with up to 1.22 colonies/m and surface area coverage of 2%. A. palmata was abundant on shallow spur and groove reefs, with up to 1.25 colonies/m and surface area coverage of 25%. Although the prevalence of disease is relatively low, both species continue to suffer predation, as well as physical impacts from lost fishing gear. Predicting the future of these corals in Florida requires information about both their present-day ecology and geologic history in Florida.
Alienation: An old concept with contemporary relevance for human resource management

Purpose – This study aims to re-examine the concept of alienation, particularly from the perspective of existential psychology. While research interest continues to centre on links between human resource management (HRM) and organizational performance, such as in studies by Beer et al. (1984), Huselid (1995), Becker and Gerhart (1996) and Guest (2011), there is a growing interest in individual attributes such as employee well-being in addition to organizational performance, as mentioned in studies by Macky and Boxall (2007), Wood and de Menezes (2011) and Guest and Conway (2011). In this paper, we focus on issues related to the individual, and in doing so we suggest that HRM theory needs further development, as pointed out by Guest (2011). Design/methodology/approach – This is a paper in the tradition of critical theory that draws on both classical and modern research in the business and psychology literature. It outlines the development of the concept of alienation from its classic articulation by Marx through to the perspective offered by existential psychologists such as Blauner (1964). How alienation, thus, defined might manifest in the workplace is then discussed, as are its links to other concepts associated in the literature with positive and negative work experiences is presented. Findings – We argue that alienation needs to be addressed at two levels, namely, at the systemic level, in terms of factors external to the individual such as work and organizational systems and processes, and in terms of factors internal to the individual’s “state of mind”. We offer strategies for management to consider counterbalancing the negative effects of residual feelings of powerlessness, meaninglessness, isolation and self-estrangement that systemic change is unable to eliminate. Originality/value – The paper refocuses attention on the individual within the context of HRM, the effects of alienation and other outcomes of positive and negative work experiences such as work engagement and job burnout.
Financial Development in Latin America: Big Emerging Issues, Limited Policy Answers

This paper argues that the dominant policy paradigm on financial development is increasingly insufficient to address big emerging issues that are particularly relevant for financial systems in Latin America. This paradigm was shaped over the past decades by a fundamental shift in thinking toward market-based financial development and a complex process of financial crises interpretation. The result has been a richly textured policy paradigm focused on promoting financial stability and the convergence to international standards. It argues, however, that there is a growing dissonance between the current paradigm and the emerging issues, which is illustrated by discussing challenges in three areas: stock markets, small and medium enterprise loans, and defined-contribution pension funds. The paper concludes that the dominant policy paradigm is ill-suited to provide significant guidance in relation to the big emerging issues. It emphasizes the need to take a fresh look at the evidence, improve the diagnoses, revisit expectations, and revise the paradigm.
The role of financial analysis in evaluating the performance of industrial enterprises to predict financial failure

This study aimed to describe the effects of the financial analysis to predict the financial failure of enterprises through using of financial ratios. Also to build a model consisting of a set of financial ratios through of their weight. It reflects the extent of its importance in predicting the failure of industrial enterprises and success. This can take appropriate action to avoid financial failure before it happens. The main results of the study, reaching is four financial ratios explain and predict financial performance individually. These are a ratio of current assets to total assets, ratio of debtors to sales, ratio of net profit before interest and tax to current liabilities, and ratio of the market value of capital-to-book value of the total debt. The last one was the most important ratio. The model consists of three financial ratios are the strongest influence through statistical analysis of financial ratios. This model was able to re-rating of food enterprises successful and failed fully and accurately by (100%). It was able to distinguish between successful enterprises and failed in another sample from the same sector by (90%) and therefore, the accuracy of this model is very high, and reliable. The model showed that it does not need many financial ratios to be able to predict the failure of the financial performance of enterprises. That with the advancement of statistical analysis methods remains discriminatory analysis statistical tool is very effective, and reliable.
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Harmon-Jones, Harmon-Jones / COGNITIVE DISSONANCE MODEL Testing the Action-Based Model of Cognitive Dissonance: The Effect of Action Orientation on Postdecisional Attitudes

Two experiments were designed to test the prediction, derived from the action-based model of cognitive dissonance, that facilitation of an action-oriented mindset would increase cognitive discrepancy reduction. In Experiment 1, following an easy or difficult decision, a manipulated action-oriented mindset (thinking about implementing the decision) caused persons who made a difficult decision to change their evaluations of the decision alternatives in favor of the decision (spreading of alternatives) more than other participants. Experiment 2 conceptually replicated the effects of Experiment 1, even when an action orientation was induced by having persons write about implementing a different decision. Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings.
The Impact of Managerial Opportunism on Earnings Reliability

This study is motivated by the increasing incidences of corporate failures caused by fraudulent accounting and breaches in corporate governance and ethical conducts. For example, it is expected that managers will resort to activities that are not consistent with appropriate governance and ethics just to keep up with the market expectations to safeguard their position. This study investigates the impact of five managers’ opportunistic incentives on the reliability of firms’ reported earnings (namely free cash flow, abnormal capital expenditure, bonus plan, distress sign and leverage), controlled by six other widely implemented standard structural governance mechanisms. The earnings reliability tests are conducted using the balanced panel data analysis specification covering 323 sample firms with continuous accounting and corporate governance data of 15 years beginning 1993. Consistent with literature, the results reveal that firms’ earnings reliability is significantly related to all managerial opportunism attributes, implying the adverse effect of these incentives on the usefulness of accounting information in assessing management’s stewardship. These findings suggest the need for a better management mechanism to integrate governance and effective enforcement of control requirements to mitigate managerial opportunism and hence uphold the quality of published accounting information.
Exo-Milankovitch Cycles. I. Orbits and Rotation States

The obliquity of the Earth, which controls our seasons, varies by only ∼2. °5 over ∼40,000 years, and its eccentricity varies by only ∼0.05 over 100,000 years. Nonetheless, these small variations influence Earth’s ice ages. For exoplanets, however, variations can be significantly larger. Previous studies of the habitability of moonless Earth-like exoplanets have found that high obliquities, high eccentricities, and dynamical variations can extend the outer edge of the habitable zone by preventing runaway glaciation (snowball states). We expand upon these studies by exploring the orbital dynamics with a semianalytic model that allows us to map broad regions of parameter space. We find that, in general, the largest drivers of obliquity variations are secular spin–orbit resonances. We show how the obliquity varies in several test cases, including Kepler-62 f, across a wide range of orbital and spin parameters. These obliquity variations, alongside orbital variations, will have a dramatic impact on the climates of such planets.
Consistency of students' explanations about combustion

This article reports some findings of a study of 14 - 15-year-old students' ideas about combustion. Patterns of students' explanation across a range of questions are described and ana- lyzed to gain insight into both the degree of consistency of their explanations and how this may af- fect the processes of conceptual change in students. Data were collected by a questionnaire survey using mainly open questions. Responses were analyzed using systemic networks. Categories from the networks were combined to produce patterns of explanations that could be considered as theo- ries. The general characteristics of these theories, the consistency with which they were used, and implications for teaching and learning are discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed 81:425 - 444, 1997.
General constraints on dark matter decay from the cosmic microwave background

Precise measurements of the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background can be used to constrain the annihilation and decay of dark matter. In this work, we demonstrate via principal component analysis that the imprint of dark matter decay on the cosmic microwave background can be approximately parameterized by a single number for any given dark matter model. We develop a simple prescription for computing this model-dependent detectability factor, and demonstrate how this approach can be used to set model-independent bounds on a large class of decaying dark matter scenarios. We repeat our analysis for decay lifetimes shorter than the age of the universe, allowing us to set constraints on metastable species other than the dark matter decaying at early times, and decays that only liberate a tiny fraction of the dark matter mass energy. We set precise bounds and validate our principal component analysis using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach and Planck 2015 data.