Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BMAA et cyanotoxines : microalgues productrices et niveaux d'accumulation dans les organismes marins

La BMAA (β-N-methylamino-L-alanine) est un acide amine non proteique neurotoxique associe a la sclerose laterale amyotrophique dont la detection souffre d’une controverse analytique remettant en question sa production par l’ensemble des cyanobacteries. Notre premier objectif etait donc de developper une methode d’analyse de la BMAA et ses isomeres, tres selective, par chromatographie HILIC couplee a la spectrometrie de masse. Nous avons ensuite cultive et crible une cinquantaine d’especes de microalgues (e. G. Cyanobacteries, diatomees). Contrairement au DAB, un isomere largement retrouve, la BMAA a ete decouverte seulement dans 5 souches de diatomees, remettant en question sa qualification de cyanotoxine. En parallele, nous avons evalue la presence de BMAA sur les cotes francaises. Elle a ete detectee dans differents compartiments de l’ecosysteme de Thau (i. E. Plancton, biofilm et moule) nous amenant a emettre l’hypothese d’une bioaccumulation, avec les diatomees comme source de BMAA. De plus, tous les mollusques collectes mensuellement dans 10 zones conchylicoles en 2013 contiennent la BMAA et ses isomeres, suggerant qu’ils sont continuellement presents dans les bivalves alors que le mecanisme de bioaccumulation n’est pas connu. Une premiere experience de contamination au laboratoire revele un possible lien, a confirmer, entre l’accumulation de BMAA dans les moules et leur consommation d’une diatomee productrice de BMAA. Enfin, la procedure d’analyse multi-cyanotoxines developpee a permis la detection de cylindrospermopsine dans le biofilms de coquillages de Thau, suggerant l’interet de poursuivre les travaux quant a la problematique « cyanotoxines » dans l’environnement marin
Observation of nuclear scaling in the A(e,e′) reaction at X B>1

The ratios of inclusive electron scattering cross sections of He-4, C-12, and Fe-56 to He-3 have been measured for the first time. It is shown that these ratios are independent of x(B) at Q(2)>1.4 GeV2 for x(B)>1.5, where the inclusive cross section depends primarily on the high momentum components of the nuclear wave function. The observed scaling shows that the momentum distributions at high-momenta have the same shape for all nuclei and differ only by a scale factor. The observed onset of the scaling at Q(2)>1.4 GeV2 and x(B)>1.5 is consistent with the kinematical expectation that two-nucleon short range correlations (SRC) dominate the nuclear wave function at p(m)greater than or similar to300 MeV/c. The values of these ratios in the scaling region can be related to the relative probabilities of SRC in nuclei with Agreater than or equal to3. Our data, combined with calculations and other measurements of the He-3/deuterium ratio, demonstrate that for nuclei with Agreater than or equal to12 these probabilities are 4.9-5.9 times larger than in deuterium, while for He-4 it is larger by a factor of about 3.8.
High concentrations and turnover rates of DMS, DMSP and DMSO in Antarctic sea ice

The vast Antarctic sea‐ice zone (SIZ) is a potentially significant source of the climate‐active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS), yet few data are available on the concentrations and turnover rates of DMS and the related compounds dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in sea ice environments. Here we present new measurements characterizing the spatial variability of DMS, DMSP, and DMSO concentrations across the Antarctic SIZ, and results from tracer experiments quantifying the production rates of DMS from various sources. We observed extremely high concentrations (>200 nM) and turnover rates (>100 nM d−1) of DMS in sea‐ice brines, indicating intense cycling of DMS/P/O. Our results demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for DMSO reduction as a major pathway of DMS production in Antarctic sea ice.
Particulate organic carbon (POC) in relation to other pore water carbon fractions in drained and rewetted fens in Southern Germany

Abstract. Numerous studies have dealt with carbon (C) contents in Histosols, but there are no studies quantifying the relative importance of the individual C components in pore waters. For this study, measurements were taken of all the carbon components (particulate organic carbon, POC; dissolved organic carbon, DOC; dissolved inorganic carbon, DIC; dissolved methane, CH4) in the soil pore water of calcareous fens under three different water management regimes (re-wetted, deeply and moderately drained). Pore water was collected weekly or biweekly (April 2004 to April 2006) at depths between 10 and 150 cm. The main results obtained were: (1) DIC (94–280 mg C l−1) was the main C-component. (2) POC and DOC concentrations in the pore water (14–125 mg C l−1 vs. 41–95 mg C l−1) were pari passu. (3) Dissolved CH4 was the smallest C component (0.005–0.9 mg C l−1). Interestingly, about 30% of the POM particles were colonized by microbes indicating that they are active in the internal C turnover. Certainly, both POC and DOC fractions are essential components of the C budget of peatlands. Furthermore, dissolved CO2 in all forms of DIC appears to be an important part of peatland C-balance.
Utility of Home-Made Videos in an Adult Epilepsy Clinic

Introduction: According to the ILAE, the definition of epilepsy requires the occurrence at least one epileptic seizure. Up to 20% of patients diagnosed of epilepsy are not actually epileptic. An accurate diagnosis is necessary for a satisfactory management of patients with Epilepsy. New broad access image technologies allow patients and families to record homemade videos helping neurologists in diagnosis. Method: During a two-year period in an epilepsy clinic, consecutive patients were encouraged to record their events with any available device. Instructions for good quality videos were given. Three neurologists/epileptologists watched the videos in clinical session, rated the quality of the recordings following some parameters and made a clinical diagnosis. In a second phase, previous diagnosis was revised. Results: 314 consecutive patients (relatives) were encouraged to record events. 52% male. Average age: 46 years. 267 patients had video recording devices available (87%) (Photo camera: 100%, cell-phone: 100%, webcam: 10%, video camera: 30%). From this group, 135 (50%) felt unable to record events. Reasons given: Low seizure frequency: 60%, seizures short duration: 80%. 50 events from 22 patients recorded. Mean age: 35 years. Seizure frequency three months prior to video deposit was 3, 5 seizures/patient/month. Previous epileptic syndrome diagnosed (based on description/neuroimaging/EEG): 15 focal temporal lobe epilepsy, 4 focal frontal probably symptomatic epilepsy, 3 epileptic encephalopathy. Type of seizures recorded: Focal motor with typical automatisms: 14 seizures/11 patients. Focal motor with hyperkinetic automatisms: 9 seizures/2 patients. Asymmetrical tonic motor seizures: 4 seizures/1 patient. Focal clonic seizure: 5 seizures/1 patients. Atypical absence seizure: 6 seizures/3 patients. Non-epileptic Seizure (NES): 13 seizures/3 patients. Postural tremor: 1 patient. There was agreement in diagnosis but in one. 18 patients were confirmed in their Diagnosis: Epilepsy misdiagnosis: 4. Three NES and one undetermined tremor. Conclusion: Homemade videos may be of diagnostic value in epilepsy management. Training in performing good-quality videos is necessary. Webcam long term recordings should be recommended as the best recording option.
Characterization of Some Quantitative Traits of Locally Developed Tomato Hybrids Under Plastic Tunnels

Aim of our work was to compare the performance of the tomato varieties under tunnel conditions and evaluate the yield and fruit quality for both fresh consumption, processing. The experiment was laid out according to completely randomized design. The research consisted of two year (2010-2012) experiments. Both were conducted under tunnel conditions. Data was taken after 30, 60 and 90 days of planting. During the first year experiment V1 gives the maximum plant height after 30 (33.525 cm), 60 (70.20 cm) and 90 (96.537 cm) days of planting while during second year V2 gives the maximum plant height after 30 (50.850 cm), 60 (89.102 cm), and 90 (113.01 cm) day of planting. V4 gives the maximum number of leaves after 30 (66.337), 60 (96.755) and 90 (126.33) after planting during first year while V4 gives the maximum number of leaves after 30 (86.420), 60 (106.95) and 90 (135.09). During first V3 takes maximum time in first flower (39.50 days) and first fruit (78.98 days) initiation wile during second year V5 was taken maximum time (23.08 days, 44.08) in flower and fruit initiation. During first year V4 (11.57) while during second year V4 (12.75) gives maximum flowers per branch. V1 gives maximum fruits per bunch and fruit diameter, while mortality was recorded maximum in V2 during both years. During first year maximum fresh fruit weight, dry fruit weight, total fresh plant weight, total dry plant weight was recodes in V1 while during second year V2 gives maximum fresh fruit weight and total fresh plant weight. Yield per plant was maximum in V1 during first year while during second year V2gives maximum yield per plant.
Socio-Demographic Influencing Behaviour against Solid Waste Minimisation in Shah Alam City, Malaysia

Waste management is one of the most challenging problems. This study investigates the influence of household attributes on waste minimisation behaviour in Shah Alam City, Malaysia. Through a household survey, 300 respondents were randomly chosen. Findings from the study revealed that respondents behaviour has statistically significant associations with 4 socio-demographic, namely gender [F(298) = 7.33, p = 0.00]; race [F(2, 297) = 3.22, p = 0.04]; marital status [F(2, 297) = 3.51, p = 0.03]; home ownership [F(2, 295) = 7.57, p = 0.00]. The results of this analysis will facilitate the implementation of policies for sustainable solid waste minimisation.
National Centre of Competence in Research Financial Valuation and Risk Management Working Paper No . 276 The Effect of Information Quality on Optimal Portfolio Choice Frederik Lundtofte

Three types of agents acting on different information sets are considered: fully informed agents, insiders, and outsiders. Differences in information quality are shown to affect the properties of their optimal portfolios. For an outsider, the share of wealth invested in the stock is decreasing in the variance of the stock. However, for an insider, the effect of an increasing stock variance on the optimal portfolio weight is ambiguous. In a calibration to U.S. data, the confidence intervals of the insider’s demand for the stock converge, whereas the outsider’s confidence intervals become wider.
REGENERATION , GROWTH AND NUTRIENT PARTITIONING OF THREE WOODY SPECIES ON DEGRADED TROPICAL RAINFOREST

Forestry provides the conditions for regeneration of forest species, shortened vegetation succession and duration to reach colonization climax. The impact of inorganic fertilizers [urea (46% N), single superphosphate (33.5% P) and muriate of potash (49.8% K)] single or in combination on growth, regeneration rate and nutrient partitioning in woody species (Millettia laurentii, Microberlinia bisulcata and Lophira alata) was investigated. Some growth parameters [number of leaves (NL), shoot length (SL), stems diameter (SD) and number of branches (NB)], regeneration rate and nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) were determined. M. laurentii and L. alata showed higher regeneration rates (82.40 and 84.80% respectively) than those of M. Bisulcata (46.40%) 123 DAP. The NL, SL, SD, NB and N, P, K, Ca and Mg uptake in M. Laurentii plants were positively influenced by inorganic-N, P, K and NPK fertilizers compared to those of L. alata and M. Bisulcata 331 DAP. The highest accumulation of N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations was found in leaves of all the species. These results suggest that M. laurentii could adapt to soil nutrient amendment and can be used as catalyst for reforestation of degraded tropical rainforest land. The specific combination (NPK) was found as efficient fertilizer to enhance the woody species regeneration.
Foreign Direct Investment in the Food Manufacturing Industry

Decisions to access foreign markets via foreign direct investment (FDI) are examined using firm-level characteristics in the food manufacturing industry. We also assess variations in the intensity of FDI by parent companies in a variety of countries. We find that capital-intensive firms with higher levels of intangible assets (brand names and reputation), profitability, and knowledge capital are more likely to become multinational enterprises (MNEs). The findings also suggest that intangible assets and knowledge capital underlie the tendency of MNEs to invest more intensively abroad. Larger firm size plays an important, but not a dominant, role in predicting increased FDI activity in the food manufacturing industry.
Spatio-temporal variation in the diet composition of red lionfish, Pterois volitans (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae), in the Mexican Caribbean: Insights into the ecological effect of the alien invasion

Arredondo-Chávez A.T. , Sánchez-Jimenez J.A. , Ávila-Morales O.G. , Torres-Chávez P., Herrerias-Diego I. , Medina-Nava M. , Madrigal-Guridi X. , Campos-Mendoza A. , Domínguez-Domínguez O. , CaballeroVázquez J.A. 2016. Spatio-temporal variation in the diet composition of red lionfi sh, Pterois volitans (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae), in the Mexican Caribbean: Insights into the ecological effect of the alien invasion. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 46 (3): 185–200.
Valuing the Benefits of Recreational Wetland Ecosystem: An Application of Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Methods: The Case of Boye Recreational Wetland, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

The Wetlands provide a multitude of ecosystem service such as recreational opportunities, habitat and biodiversity conservation or regulation of nutrient, livestock fodder production and greenhouse gas fluxes. This study seeks to address the valuing the benefits of recreational wetland ecosystem. The Purposively selected Boye wetland and was employed to take 120 visitors as a sample to assess consumer WTP for the direct use value and 100 non visitors for non-use value. To find the total economic value of the site, contingent valuation and travel cost methods have been used for the non use value and use value part of the wetland, respectively. The survey was conducted to collect information on WTP and the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. Results show that Indicate that knowledge about wetland (NAW) at 1%, income at 5%, and Bid price at 5% and 1% level of significant for the first and second WTP answer were significant variables. While, age and numbers of dependent people in a family (NODP) were not significant. Regarding option value, the future direct and indirect use value, the researcher finds that all respondents were extremely motivated regardless of their response about the bid price. Concerning the stewardship valueTherefore, general consensus that the value of recreational wetland ecosystem services often outweighs economic use and that protecting wetland ecosystem services is one of the most important responsibilities of today’s politicians, resource managers, and the surrounding society. Keywords: contingent valuation method, cluster analysis, Ethiopia, recreational wetland ecosystem, travel cost method, and willingness to pay
Potentially optimal paths and route choice in networks with arc delays.

The shortest path problem has been widely studied in graph theory and its solutions have been largely used in the transport field, both in assignment and vehicle navigation applications. Solutions have been proposed under different assumptions concerning the time-dependency and the randomness of arc costs. In particular it has been shown that in networks affected by not completely predictable events travellers can minimize their expected travel times by adopting adaptive strategies, i.e. sets of paths, instead of single routes. The present paper focuses on the problem of route guidance in a network in which the travel time on each link can assume only two values, corresponding to the free flow situation and to the delayed one. Path set selection and route choice are decoupled. The problem of finding the set of the potentially optimal paths is solved implicitly by identifying the set of the potentially optimal links. Sufficient and necessary conditions for a link to be optimal do not coincide and therefore an algorithm is presented which can identify only a subset of all potentially optimal links. An approach considering risk aversion is proposed for route choice.
Interactive comment on “ Interactive effects of vertical mixing , nutrients and ultraviolet radiation : in situ photosynthetic responses of phytoplankton from high mountain lakes of Southern Europe ”

line 1: Wrong tense: change "had" to "has" Line 11: Correct preposition: change "associated to global change" to "associated with global change" Line 22-23 & 25: Use singular: change "Nutrients" to "Nutrient" Text (pg-line): 9793-5: Wrong tense: change "had" to "has" 9793-9: Use singular: "others" to "other" 9793-17: Redundant phrase: change " nutrients would be used-up and depleted" to "nutrients would be
Photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen status, and flower behavior in eggplant exposed to different sources and levels of potassium

The aim of this study was to investigate (i) the influence of different sources and levels of potassium on photosynthetic pigments, (ii) measure nitrogen status in leaf, (iii) evaluate flower behavior in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), and (iv) to identify a better potassium source to cultivation of this species. The experiment design used was in factorial scheme with randomized blocks, being composed by 2 potassium sources (KCl and K2SO4), combined with 4 levels of K2O (250, 500, 750 and 1000 kg ha-1). Nitrogen accumulation in leaf at 50 days after transplanting had a higher value with KCl compared with K2SO4. Results linked to aborted fruits presented similar effects to KCl and K2SO4. This study revealed that eggplant exposed to excess potassium did not have a negative effect on chlorophyll a and b, and nitrogen concentration in leaf was significantly modified due to increase in potassium level. In addition, greater levels of potassium produced negative consequences linked to flower and fruit abortion. Therefore, potassium source indicated for eggplant is potassium sulfate. Key words: Solanum melongena L. , potassium, flower, pigments, nutrition plant.
Pain Control in Head and Neck Cancer

“An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage”(Merskey & Bogduk, 1994), pain is one of the most common symptoms in cancer (Lorenz et al., 2006). Pain associated with head and neck cancer could result from the following causes (Williams & Broadley, 2009):  Local or metastatic disease causing infiltration, pressure or ulceration  Side effects from anti-cancer treatment: medication, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery  Incidental causes such as infection or coexisting morbidity
Analysis of neutron capture elements in metal-poor stars

We derived model atmosphere parameters (Te ,l ogg ,( Fe/H),Vt) for 90 metal{decient stars ( 0:5 1:5, when the matter of the Galaxy is suciently homogeneous. The analysis of n-capture element abundances conrms the jump in (Ba/Fe) at (Fe/H)= 2:5. Some stars from our sample at (Fe/H) < 2: 0s how a large scatter of Sr, Ba, Y, Ce. This scatter is not caused by the errors in the measurements, and may reflect the inhomogeneous nature of the prestellar medium at early stages of galactic evolution. The matching of (Ba/Fe), (Eu/Fe) vs. (Fe/H) with the inhomogeneous model by Travaglio et al. (2001a) suggests that at (Fe/H) < 2:5, the essential contribution to the n-rich element abundances derives from the r-process. The main sources of these processes may be low mass SN II. The larger dispersion of s-process element abundances with respect to -rich el- ements may arise both from the birth of metal{poor stars in globular clusters with following dierent evolutionary paths and (or) from dierences in s-element enrichment in Galaxy populations.
Assessing Extension Agent Training Needs, Barriers and Training Methods in Jordan

One of the major obstacles to agricultural development in Jordan is the weakness of extension programming which is still traditional and based on personal judgement. The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes, adoption barriers and in-service training needs of Public Extension Agents (PEAs) towards the adoption of Needs-Based Extension (NBE). An instrument to assess attitudes, barriers and training needs was designed and used to collect data from 73 PEAs in Jordan. Face and content validity were confirmed by a panel of experts, and internal consistency of the study scales were demonstrated by alpha coefficients ranging from 0.75 to 0.90. Parametric and nonparametric methods were used to analyze the data. The results showed that most PEAs had positive attitudes towards adopting NBE services, but adoption was constrained by internal and external barriers; supporting culture to NBE, finance and skills to undertake surveys and need analysis. The involvement of public extension staff in the survey contributed to in-service training and the application of NBE programs. Priority areas for training were determined using weighted discrepancy scores, with the most important being information technologies, agribusiness management and conducting needs assessment respectively. Study tours and professional training were perceived as the most important training methods. There were few significant differences among the PEAs with respect to the attitude and competence scales. These results indicate the need to undertake needs assessments of PEAs to improve extension programming in Jordan.
Forage cactus-sorghum intercropping at different irrigation water depths in the Brazilian Semiarid Region

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance, biological efficiency, and the competitive ability of the forage cactus-sorghum intercropping under different irrigation depths with saline water in the Brazilian Semiarid Region. The experiment was carried out in Serra Talhada, in the state of Pernambuco, between 2014 and 2015, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates, and a 5x3 factorial arrangement in split plots, with one year of forage cactus cycle and two years of sorghum cycles. The plots were composed by four irrigation water depths based on the fractions of 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration, besides dry conditions; and the subplots consisted of three cropping systems (single crop of forage cactus, single crop of sorghum, and intercropping of forage cactus-sorghum). The increase of water irrigation depths increased the yields of sorghum in single crop and of the forage cactus-sorghum intercropping. The intercropping system promoted production stability with a higher system productivity index (SPI) for forage cactus-sorghum intercropping (6,279.02 kg ha -1 DM) than for forage cactus in single crop (4,626.98 kg ha -1 DM). The relative density coefficient (12.33) was indicative of the great compatibility of the intercropping system. The forage cactus-sorghum association shows biological advantage and competitiveness capacity, with a higher productive index than their monocultures.