Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anxiety and Performance on Mathematical Problem Solving of Secondary Two Students in Singapore

Researchers have highlighted the significance of affective factors and their influences on problem-solving performance. Moreover, it was been reported that research on the cognitive processes in mathematical problem solving has been over-represented resulting in a neglect of non-cognitive factors such as emotions and anxiety. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify interrelationships among mathematics anxiety, test anxiety and problem-solving performance. A total of 621 Secondary 2 students from ten secondary schools in Singapore participated in the study. The data showed a positive relationship between mathematics anxiety and test anxiety. In addition, mathematics anxiety and performance on a nonroutine mathematical problem solving test showed a marginal linear relationship whereas test anxiety had almost no relationship with the performance on the nonroutine mathematical problem solving test. Introduction Research interest in mathematical problem solving should be drawn to noncognitive and affective variables. This view was supported by Southwell (1999) who indicated that "problem solving, then,. involves not only a cognitive element but also an affective element" (p. 332). It has been recognised that some students experience anxiety or other negative emotions associated with mathematics (Buxton, 1984; Hembree, 1990; Ma, 1999) and with testing situations (Hembree, 1987) which are generally regarded as separate but related phenomena (Kazelskis et al., 2000). Further, according to some studies (Mandler, 1989; McLeod, 1989), for students who work on non-routine problems over an extended period of time, the emotional responses frequently become intense. The emotional reaction is described as fear, anxiety, embarrassment and panic (McLeod). This point was also reported in one of the Singapore's newspaper, Straits Times, about primary school students taking the local national examination: When PSLE (Primary School Leaving Examination) students, who had done endless assessment papers to prepare for the important examination, came face to face with an unfamiliar scenario, there was panic. (Yeong, 2000, p.
Changes of land use in Fulbaria and Trishal upazila of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh

There is no reliable information till now on the conversion rate of agricultural land in Bangladesh into different non agricultural sectors. The study was undertaken to estimate the present land use pattern and to calculate the changes in land use of agricultural and non-agricultural field over time using aerial photographs of Trishal and Fulbaria upazila of Mymensingh district. Two series of aerial photographs of both upazilas from 1983 and 2000 at scales of 1:40,000 and 1:25,000, respectively, were studied. Land use categories were calculated by random line drawing method on effective areas of aerial photograph. In 1983, Total agricultural and non-agricultural land of Trishal upazila were found 29,505 and 4,095 ha accounting 87.81 and 12.2% of total land area, respectively. In Fulbaria upazila for the same year, it was 35,611 and 4,258 ha accounting 89.3% and 10.7% of total land area, respectively,. An amount of about 3545 and 3637 ha agricultural land was transformed into non-agricultural land in Trishal and Fulbaria upazila, respectively, within a period of 17 years. The rate of decreasing agricultural land to non agricultural land in Trishal and Fulbaria upazila was estimated to be 0.62 and 0.54% /annum, respectively. Land use analysis shows that conversion of agricultural land into settlement, transport network and water body contributed 88.07, 5.3 and 6.63% of the land loss, respectively in Trishal upazila and 98.45, 1.3 and 0.12% of the land loss, respectively in Fulbaria upazila. If similar trends in loss of agricultural land remain constant, there will be no land available for cultivation after around 200 years. Therefore, it is very crying need for the country to make a land use policy for food security of the rapidly growing population.
Modeling carbon dynamics in vegetation and soil under the impact of soil erosion and deposition

Soil erosion and deposition may play important roles in balancing the global atmospheric carbon budget through their impacts on the net exchange of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. Few models and studies have been designed to assess these impacts. In this study, we developed a general ecosystem model, Erosion‐Deposition‐Carbon‐Model (EDCM), to dynamically simulate the influences of rainfall‐induced soil erosion and deposition on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in soil profiles. EDCM was applied to several landscape positions in the Nelson Farm watershed in Mississippi, including ridge top (without erosion or deposition), eroding hillslopes, and depositional sites that had been converted from native forests to croplands in 1870. Erosion reduced the SOC storage at the eroding sites and deposition increased the SOC storage at the depositional areas compared with the site without erosion or deposition. Results indicated that soils were consistently carbon sources to the atmosphere at all landscape positions from 1870 to 1950, with lowest source strength at the eroding sites (13 to 24 gC m−2 yr−1), intermediate at the ridge top (34 gC m−2 yr−1), and highest at the depositional sites (42 to 49 gC m−2 yr−1). During this period, erosion reduced carbon emissions via dynamically replacing surface soil with subsurface soil that had lower SOC contents (quantity change) and higher passive SOC fractions (quality change). Soils at all landscape positions became carbon sinks from 1950 to 1997 due to changes in management practices (e.g., intensification of fertilization and crop genetic improvement). The sink strengths were highest at the eroding sites (42 to 44 gC m−2 yr−1), intermediate at the ridge top (35 gC m−2 yr−1), and lowest at the depositional sites (26 to 29 gC m−2 yr−1). During this period, erosion enhanced carbon uptake at the eroding sites by continuously taking away a fraction of SOC that can be replenished with enhanced plant residue input. Overall, soil erosion and deposition reduced CO2 emissions from the soil into the atmosphere by exposing low carbon‐bearing soil at eroding sites and by burying SOC at depositional sites. The results suggest that failing to account for the impact of soil erosion and deposition may potentially contribute to an overestimation of both the total historical carbon released from soils owing to land use change and the contemporary carbon sequestration rates at the eroding sites.
Modeling dimethylsulphide production in the upper ocean

Dimethylsulphide (DMS) is produced by upper ocean ecosystems and emitted to the atmosphere, where it may have an important role in climate regulation. Several attempts to quantify the role of DMS in climate change have been undertaken in modeling studies. We examine a model of biogenic DMS production and describe its endogenous dynamics and sensitivities. We extend the model to develop a one‐dimensional version that more accurately resolves the important processes of the mixed layer in determining the ecosystem dynamics. Comparisons of the results of the one‐dimensional model with an empirical relationship that describes the global distribution of DMS, and also with vertical profiles of DMS in the upper ocean measured at the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series, suggest that the model represents the interaction between the biological and physical processes well on local and global scales. Our analysis of the model confirms its veracity and provides insights into the important processes determining DMS concentration in the oceans.
Quasiclassical and ultraquantum decay of superfluid turbulence

This letter addresses the question which, after a decade-long discussion, still remains open: what is the nature of the ultraquantum regime of decay of quantum turbulence? The model developed in this work reproduces both the ultraquantum and the quasiclassical decay regimes and explains their hydrodynamical natures. In the case where turbulence is generated by forcing at some intermediate lengthscale, e.g. by the beam of vortex rings in the experiment of Walmsley and Golov [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 100}, 245301 (2008)], we explained the mechanisms of generation of both ultraquantum and quasiclassical regimes. We also found that the anisotropy of the beam is important for generating the large scale motion associated with the quasiclassical regime.
Effects of pelleting and expanding of vegetable feeds on in situ protein and starch digestion in dairy cows

In situ digestion of protein and starch in barley, oats, wheat, wheat bran, maize, sorghum, peas, and soyabeans was evaluated in dairy cows after milling (untreated), pelleting (ca. 81oC) and expander processing at two different temperatures (110 or 130oC). Effective degradation of crude protein (EPD) and starch (ESD) in the rumen, as well as total tract indigested protein (IP) and starch (IS) fractions, were determined by in situ methods. Pelleting significantly decreased EPD of wheat and wheat bran by 14 and 10 percentage units, respectively, and increased ESD in maize by 10 percentage units. Expander treatment efficiently protected protein from rumen degradation in all feeds evaluated, except maize. The ESD of maize, sorghum, peas and oats increased with 31, 18, 22 and 5 percentage units, respectively, after expander treatment at 130oC. The IP fraction of sorghum and peas increased after expander treatment. In maize, sorghum and peas the IS fraction decreased by heat treatment. It is concluded that protein and starch digestion of vegetable feeds in dairy cows can be modified by different heat treatment.
Should advertising parental care be honest?

Species with paternal care show less exaggerated sexual ornamentation than those in which males do not care, although direct benefits from paternal care can vastly exceed the indirect benefits of mate choice. Whether condition–dependent handicaps can signal parenting ability is controversial. The good–parent process predicts the evolution of honest signals of parental investment, whereas the differential–allocation model suggests a trade–off between the attractiveness of a mate and his care–provisioning. I show that both alternatives can arise from optimal allocations to advertisement, parental investment and future reproductive value of the male, and that the male's marginal fitness gain from multiple matings determines which option should apply. The marginal gain is diminishing if opportunities for polygyny or extra–pair copulations are limited. Advertisement is then expected to be modest and honest, indicating genetic quality and condition–dependent parental investment simultaneously. Increasing marginal gains are likely to be related to cases where genetic quality has a significant influence on offspring fitness. This alternative leads to differential allocation with stronger advertisement, more frequent extra–pair copulations, and diminished male care. Reliability is also reduced if allocation benefits have thresholds, e.g. if there is a minimum body condition required for survival, or if females use a polygyny–threshold strategy of mate choice.
Capital theory: Less is more

Capital theory and the associated with it price effects resulting from changes in the distributive variables hold centre stage when it comes to the internal consistency of both classical and neoclassical theories of value. The article briefly reviews the literature and then focuses on the detected skew eigenvalue distribution of the vertically integrated technical coefficients matrices of actual economies. The findings prompt the use of the Schur triangularization theorem for the construction even of a single industry from the input-output structure of the entire economy. Such a hyper-basic industry, in combination with hyper-non-basic industries, embodies properties that may capture the behaviour of the entire economic system. Thus, we can derive some meaningful results consistent with the available empirical evidence.
Polymeric Materials for Membrane Contactor Devices Applied to Water Treatment by Ozonation

In water treatment process ozone is applied to disinfection and to remove organic pollutants. Membrane contactor devices are used as a physical barrier to separate two fluids without phase dispersion and it can be used to improve the ozonation efficiency. Polymeric materials are used in membrane contactors and they can react with ozone, suffering degradation and losing its mechanical properties. In this work, commercial polymeric membranes were selected to investigate their interaction with ozone in gaseous phase. It was evaluated changes in polymer structures and in membrane morphology by FTIR, DSC, TGA and SEM. It was observed preferential ozone attack to double carbon-carbon bonds in the main polymer chain for polyimide and polysulphone membranes. Polypropylene has single carbon-carbon bonds and its reaction with ozone was less intensive. For polydimethylsiloxane membranes the ozone attack seems to occur in the carbon-silicon bond, leading to loss of mechanical and thermal properties.
Influence of Radiation on the Luminescence of Silicon Nanocrystals Embedded into SiO2 Film

Influence of γ-irradiation on light emission properties of silicon nanocrystals imbedded into SiO2 film is investigated. It was shown that small doses of γ-irradiation 103–105 rad lead to enhancement of photoluminescence intensity in the nc-Si/SiO2 samples. This effect was explained by radiation induced passivation of recombination active centers on the nanocrystals surface. High doses of irradiation ~107 rad lead to the photoluminescence intensity decrease up to 2 times. Radiation treatment of silicon oxide films with embedded amorphous silicon inclusions resulted only in the decrease of the photoluminescence intensity within the whole range of doses 103–5 × 107 rad. Radiation defects resulting in partial quenching of photoluminescence are characterized with the distributed activation energy of annealing with the peak position at ~0.96 eV and the frequency factor 107 s−1. The nature of such defects and the mechanisms of their creation are discussed.
Comparison of Two Aggression Inventories

Two recently developed questionnaire measures of aggression, the Aggression Questionnaire [Buss and Ferry (1992; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63:452-459]; and the Aggression Inventory [Gladue (1991a); Psychological Reports 68:675-684], were administered to a British sample (N = 320) of men and women undergraduates. Both questionnaires contain subscales measuring physical and verbal aggression; the other scales of the Aggression Questionnaire measure anger and hostility, and those of the Aggression Inventory measure impulsiveness and avoidance of aggression. The factor structure of scales were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. The interrelations of the subscales were calculated in both cases: anger was independently related to verbal and physical aggression and to hostility on the Aggression Questionnaire; impulsivity, and verbal and physical aggression were associated on the Aggression Inventory. Sex differences were largest on the two physical subscales, of lesser magnitude but still significantly different for the two verbal subscales, but absent for anger and hostility. This supports the hypothesis that sex differences in aggression are larger for more escalated forms of aggression. The physical and verbal subscales of the two questionnaires were each highly correlated with one another and the impulsive subscale of the Aggression Inventory highly correlated with the anger subscale of the Aggression Questionnaire. Thus, two aggression questionnaires developed in the US not only produce similar associations between subscales and sex differences among a British undergraduate sample, but also show high correlations between their respective scales.
ORTHOPAEDIC CLINICAL PRACTICE

There exist several invasive and noninvasive methods to measure the contact hip stress but due to their complexity only few have so far been tested in clinical trials with large numbers of participating subjects. Consequently, the use of contact hip stress measurements in orthopaedic clinical practice is still in its experimental phase. Biomechanical studies of human hips based on the analysis of 2-D pelvic radiographs have turned out to be a reasonable compromise between the measurement accuracy and the feasibility in clinical setting. Clinical studies have shown significantly higher values of hip stress in adult dysplastic hips when compared to normal hips. It has been found that the cumulative hip stress independently predicts the WOMAC score after 29-years of follow up in dysplastic hips and does so better than morphological radiographic parameters of hip dysplasia or the resultant hip force alone. The preoperative value of the contact hip stress and the magnitude of its operative correction have been found predictors of the long term success of the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy. Elevated shear stress in femoral neck, but not elevated hip contact stress, has been found to be a risk factor for slipping of the capital femoral epiphysis. A statistically significant correlation between the contact hip stress and the age at the total arthroplasty has been shown in a group of hips with idiopathic hip osteoarthritis. Blaž Mavčič, Matej Daniel, Vane Antolič et al. 282 Through advances in 3-D imaging with MRI and CAT scan, visualisation of the femoral head coverage and pelvic muscle attachment points has improved considerably. However, the need to supplement the morphological hip status with biomechanical analysis remains. The current trend is to combine the kinetic gait measurements of the resultant hip force with 3-D imaging of the hip weight-bearing surface in order to better estimate the contact hip stress for a given activity/body position. The added value of such measurements over 2-D pelvic radiograph analysis has not been established yet in clinical trials.
Resource and Time Availability: An Imperious Stimulus for Entrepreneurial Orientation?

Long term sustainability of an organization is subject to its ongoing renewal. However, debate about resource and time adequacy to engage into entrepreneurial actions that enable organizational renewal is still continuing. The purpose of this study therefore is to examine the relationship between resource and time availability and also entrepreneurial orientation among employees. Multidimensional view of entrepreneurial orientation (consist of innovativeness, risk-taking and proactiveness) was used in this research. The study was conducted among three cement manufacturing companies in the state of Johor with a population size of about 300 employees. Four hypotheses were formulated to examine the relationship between resource and time availability and entrepreneurial orientation among employees. With a response rate of 70.4 per cent, the hypothesis test indicated that none of the hypothesis were supported. Therefore, it was concluded that there is no relationship between resource and time availability and entrepreneurial orientation.
A search for diffuse X-ray emission from GeV-detected Galactic globular clusters

Context. Recently, diffuse and extended sources in TeV γ-rays as well as in X-rays have been detected in the direction of the Galactic globular cluster (GC) Terzan 5. Remarkably, this is among the brightest GCs detected in the GeV regime. The nature of either the TeV or the diffuse X-ray signal from Terzan 5 is not yet settled. These emissions most likely indicate the presence of several non-thermal radiation processes in addition to those that give rise to the GeV signal. Aims. The aim of this work is to search for diffuse X-ray emission from all GeV-detected GCs where appropriate X-ray observations are available, and to compare the obtained results with the signal detected from Terzan 5. This study will help to determine whether Terzan 5 stands out among other GC or whether a whole population of globular clusters feature similar properties. Methods. After assessing all archival X-ray observations of GeV detected GCs, we analyzed the data of six Chandra observations pointed toward M 62, NGC 6388, NGC 6541, M 28, M 80, and NGC 6139. For each GC we characterized the diffuse X-ray emission using the same analysis techniques as for Terzan 5. To study the emission on the same relative scales we used the half-mass radius as a scale parameter to determine the extent of the potential emission region. Results. None of the six GCs show significant diffuse X-ray emission above the particle and diffuse Galactic X-ray background components. The derived upper limits allow to assess the validity of different models that were discussed in the interpretation of the multi-wavelength data of Terzan 5. A scenario based on synchrotron emission from relativistic leptons provided by the millisecond pulsar population cannot be securely rejected if a comparable magnetic field strength as in Terzan 5 is assumed for every GC. However, such a scenario seems to be unlikely for NGC 6388, and M 62. An inverse-Compton scenario relying on the presence of a putative GRB remnant with the same properties as proposed for Terzan 5 can be ruled out for all six GCs. Finally, the assumption that each GC hosts a source with the same luminosity as in Terzan 5 is ruled out for all GCs but NGC 6139.
Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Plants in El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt

The present study has been undertaken to evaluate performance efficiency of wastewater treatment plants in El-Gharbia governorate in Egypt. The wastewater treatment plants using different biological treatment techniques (conventional activated sludge, oxidation ditch, extended aeration, rotating biological contactors and aerated lagoons processes). Wastewater samples were collected from both influent and effluent of each plant and the wastewater quality were determined at central laboratory of Garbyia Water Co. The performance of each plant was estimated based on the treated wastewater quality data. Correlations between influent and effluent TSS, COD and BOD5 were developed. Kotour WWTP operates with the oxidation ditch technology exhibits the highest performance efficiency, while Tanta WWTP operates with conventional activated sludge technology exhibits the lowest one. The results show that, all collected samples from Tanta, and El Mehala El Kobra WWTPs were exceeding the Egyptian Permissible limits (COD: 80 mg/l) while the samples collected from Mehalet Marhom, Mehalet Menof, Kotour, El Santa, Shernak and Zefta were complying the Egyptian regulations.
Attachment, communication and sexual satisfaction What Makes for Good Sex? The Associations Between Attachment Style, Inhibited Communication and Sexual Satisfaction

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that those with insecure attachments (characterized by anxiety, avoidance or both; Hazan & Shaver, 1994), would engage in less effective communication on sexual matters, which would in turn predict lower sexual satisfaction. A sample of 125 participants aged between 18 and 65 completed an online questionnaire asking about their sexual and intimate relationships, and their attachment patterns. As expected, avoidant individuals reported poorer sexual communication, which contributed to their sexual dissatisfaction. Contrary to expectations, anxiety did not have this effect. Interestingly, those anxious individuals in a relationship of nine months or longer engaged in poorer sexual communication, which negatively impacted their sexual satisfaction. It was suggested that the “honeymoon period” may be responsible for this finding. Alternatively, and as suggested by Davis et al. (2006), other variables such as sexual anxiety, and using sex as a barometer of relationship status may account for this effect, and warrants further exploration.