Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disorder and Defect Healing in Graphene on Ni(111)

The structural evolution of graphene on Ni(111) is investigated as a function of growth temperature by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Low temperature (400–500 °C) growth results in a continuous but highly defective film with small ordered graphene domains and disordered domains composed of Stone–Wales (SW)-like defects. As the growth temperature is increased, the disordered domains shrink leaving small clusters of defects alongside epitaxially matched graphene. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate the crucial role of the metallic support for the healing of SW defects, as the interaction with the substrate leads to a stabilization of the reaction intermediate. This work highlights the effect of the graphene–substrate interaction on the temperature dependence of the defect concentration in epitaxial graphene on Ni(111).
Effect of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance of Listed Commercial Banks in Rwanda

viii LIST OF TABLES . x CHAPTER ONE . 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION. 1 1.1 Background of the Study . 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem . 4 1.3 Purpose of the Study . 5 1.4 Research Questions . 5 1.5 Significance of the Study . 5 1.6 Scope of the Study . 6 1.7 Definitions of Terms . 6 1.8 Summary . 7 CHAPTER TWO . 8 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW . 8 2.
Adventure Camp Programs, Self-Concept, and Their Effects on Behavioral Problem Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an adventure camp program on the self-concept of adolescents with behavioral problems. Subjects in the study included 61 randomly selected male and female adolescents ranging in age from 9 to 17 years with behavioral problems. The treatment group of 31 adolescents was randomly selected from a population (N = 85) of behavioral problem adolescents who voluntarily attended an adventure camp. The control group of 30 adolescents was randomly selected from a population (N = 80) that underwent treatment for behavioral problems. Analysis of variance was utilized to determine if significant differences existed between the treatment and control groups. The paired t test was utilized to determine within group differences between pretest and posttest scores on both groups. Alpha for both tests was set at the . 05 level. Analysis demonstrated a significant difference between the experimental and control 9- to 11-year-old age group's self-concept.
Interactions cytokiniques dans le microenvironnement inflammatoire : analyse à large échelle de la réponse aux Interférons de Type I lors la de polarisation des Lymphocytes T auxiliaires

Les interferons de Type I (IFN) sont des cytokines produites par les cellules en reponse a une infection virale. Les IFNs ont des effets pleiotropiques et parfois paradoxaux, protecteur ou nefaste pour l’immunite Innee ou adaptative. Certains facteurs intrinseques (type cellulaire) peuvent expliquer une partie ces discordances. Mon travail de these s’est interesse a l‘effet du microenvironnement cytokinique sur la reponse IFN. En utilisant des analyses a large echelle, nous avons etudie la reponse IFN dans 4 contextes de polarisation des lymphocytes T auxiliaires (Th). Nous avons identifie 1/ un programme de transcription conserve et 2/ une reponse IFN flexible, modulant specifiquement les principales fonctions des Th (cytokines, chemokines) en fonction du contexte polarisant. La reponse antivirale apparait aussi flexible avec une moins bonne protection des Th2 et Th17 contre l’infection par HIV-1et HIV-2. Nos resultats suggerent que l’environnement cytokinique controle en partie la reponse IFN et peut ainsi moduler cette derniere dans differents contextes physiopathologiques.
Idea of Collateral and Guarantor in Islamic Bank Financing

This study explores the idea of Islamic banks requesting for collateral or guarantee when financing, the rationale for requesting loan security, and its acceptability from Islamic perspectives. The study reviewed the previous literature and Islamic injunctions to study and justify the use of collateral and guarantor to hedge the risk of financing default. It is found that Islamic banks like conventional banking system encourage requesting loan security to ensure borrowers’ commitment and protect investors’ wealth. Despite its effect on loan rejection, secured loans are found to be recovered more easily than unsecured loans. Government and Islamic banks are therefore advised to device mean for helping small-scale businesses to access financing, through credit guarantee schemes and participatory financing mechanisms, to enhance financial inclusion.
An Alarming Situation of Suicide Patterns and Methods Involved in Pakistan

The act of deliberately killing an individual’s own life is known as suicide. Suicide is an important social issue and major cause of mortality Worldwide. The data was obtained from Pakistan Ordinance Factories (POF) Hospital WahCantt, Tehsil Headquarter hospital Taxila and Hassan Abdal, Pakistan. Retrospective study design was used to review suicidal cases during 2013-2014 in three health centers of Pakistan. “A Guide for Manner of Death Classification” was used for assessing the suicidal identification criteria by National Association of Medical Examiners. Chi-square test was applied to see the association between qualitative variables. A total of 100 cases were retrieved.The mean age was found to be 27.12±10.11 years. The peak age of suicidal attempts was seen in 20-30 years of age. The suicidal rate was found to be higher among males 29.99±12.73 than females 23.03±7.669. Study found out that suicide methods among all cases are 40% drug overdose, 20% wrist cutting, 10% hanging, 10% jumping from height, 10% chemical poising and 10% suicidal burns. The suicide rate is higher among Pakistani population but it was underestimated due to lack of reporting, cultural and religious reasons. Effective prevention requires a clear understanding of the size of the problem, its distribution in the population, and the major risk and protective factors at the levels of the individual, the family and the community.
Acculturation and celiac disease risk in second-generation immigrants: a nationwide cohort study in Sweden

Abstract Objectives. The burden of celiac disease (CD) is increasingly recognized as a global problem. However, whether this situation depends on genetics or environmental factors is uncertain. The authors examined these aspects in Sweden, a country in which the risk of CD is generally considered to be high. If environmental factors are relevant, CD risk in second-generation immigrant children should be related to maternal length of stay in Sweden before delivery. Material and methods. Linking the Swedish Medical Birth Registry to other national registries, the authors investigated all singleton children (n = 792,401) born in Sweden between 1987 and 1993. They studied the risk of CD in children before age 6 as a function of the mother's geographical region of birth and length of stay in Sweden before delivery using Cox regression models. Results. In children whose mothers immigrated to Sweden from a country outside of Europe, a maternal length of stay in Sweden of more than 5 years increased the hazard ratio (HR) of CD (1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.81). The authors observed a similar result among children born to mothers from a Nordic country outside of Sweden (HR 1.57, 95% CI 0.89–2.75), but a non-conclusive protective effect was observed in second-generation immigrant children from a non-Nordic European country (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.39–1.09). Conclusions. The risk of CD among second-generation immigrants seems to be conditioned by maternal length of stay in Sweden before delivery, suggesting that environmental factors contribute to the variation in CD risk observed across populations.
Multiple target tracking in seabed surveys using the GM-PHD filter

This paper proposes a Bayesian set-based estimator applied to the adaptive mapping of objects resting on the seabed, through the design and the implementation of a Gaussian Mixture - Probability Hypothesis Density (GM-PHD) filter. Starting from the noisy measures provided by an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) equipped with side-scan sonar, the GM-PHD filter produces an on-line estimation of the map of the explored area. The mapping performance are demonstrated through simulations providing the effectiveness of the filter in localizing and mapping new findings and decreasing the spatial uncertainty of the position of known objects.
Storm Clouds Ahead? Migration and Labor Force Participation Rates in Europe

The paper examines the potential effects of international migration on labor force participation in advanced economies in Europe. It documents that migration played a significant role in alleviating aging pressures on labor supply by affecting the age composition of receiving countries’ populations. However, micro-level analysis also points to differences in average educational levels, as well as differences in the effects of any given level of education on participation across migrants and natives. Difficulties related to the recognition of educational qualifications appear to be associated with smaller effects of education on the odds of participation for migrants, especially women.
Chromosomal Location for Drought Tolerance as Measured by Cell Membrane Stability of Common Wheat cv.Synthetic 6x

The relative electric conductivity and relative leakage of K+ of leaves of Chinese Spring(CS)-Synthetic 6x substitution lines and parents cultivars Chinese Spring(recipient) and Synthetic 6x(donor) were measured to determine the chromosomal locations of genes controlling membrane stability under drought condition.The results indicated that the relative electric conductivity and relative leakage of K+ of leaves of 1D,2D,2B,3A,3D,4A,4B,6A,6B,7D and 7A chromosome substitutions were significant difference from Chinese Spring at 0.05 or 0.01 level.It was concluded that chromosomes 1D,2D,2B,3A,3D,4A,4B,6A,6B,7D and 7A were associated with drought tolerance of Synthetic 6x,while the others were not related to drought tolerance.The results could provide the references for the genetic research concerned with drought resistance.
A comparison of the efficacy of conventional and new retreatment instruments to remove gutta-percha in curved root canals: an ex vivo study.

AIM To compare the efficacy of conventional and new retreatment instruments when removing gutta-percha root fillings in curved root canals. METHODOLOGY A total of 56 curved molar roots were instrumented with ProFile instruments and filled using system B and Obtura II. The root fillings were removed with manual K-files and Hedström files (Dentsply Maillefer), ProFile (Dentsply Maillefer), R-Endo (Micro-Mega) or ProTaper Universal retreatment files (Dentsply Maillefer). Eucalyptol was used as a solvent with all techniques. Bucco-lingual and proximal radiographs of the roots were exposed and the percentage area of the remaining material was calculated by dividing the area of remaining filling material by the area of canal wall. Data were statistically analysed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (P = 0.05). RESULTS None of the techniques completely removed the root filling materials. No significant differences were found amongst the coronal, middle and apical thirds in both radiographic projections (P > 0.05). In the bucco-lingual direction, the remaining filling material was significantly less following manual instrumentation than R-Endo and ProTaper instrumentation (P < 0.05). In the proximal view, it was significantly less following manual and ProFile instrumentation than R-Endo (P < 0.05). Complete removal of filling material occurred only in three specimens (with manual instruments). Manual instruments were significantly faster than R-Endo and ProFile (P < 0.05). More procedural errors (five fractured instruments and two perforation) were noted when using ProTaper (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this laboratory study in curved molar roots, ProTaper Retreatment and R-Endo instruments were less effective in removing filling material from canal walls than manual and ProFile instruments.
Nitrogen-responsive Regulation of GATA Protein Family Activators Gln3 and Gat1 Occurs by Two Distinct Pathways, One Inhibited by Rapamycin and the Other by Methionine Sulfoximine*

Background: Nitrogen availability and TorC1 regulate the localization and function of transcription factors Gln3 and Gat1. Results: Gln3 and Gat1 responses to rapamycin and methionine sulfoximine differ markedly and exhibit different phosphatase requirements. Conclusion: Gln3 and Gat1 localization and function are regulated by two distinct pathways, one inhibited by rapamycin and the other by methionine sulfoximine. Significance: Glutamine starvation regulates Gln3 via a TorC1-independent pathway. Nitrogen availability regulates the transcription of genes required to degrade non-preferentially utilized nitrogen sources by governing the localization and function of transcription activators, Gln3 and Gat1. TorC1 inhibitor, rapamycin (Rap), and glutamine synthetase inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine (Msx), elicit responses grossly similar to those of limiting nitrogen, implicating both glutamine synthesis and TorC1 in the regulation of Gln3 and Gat1. To better understand this regulation, we compared Msx- versus Rap-elicited Gln3 and Gat1 localization, their DNA binding, nitrogen catabolite repression-sensitive gene expression, and the TorC1 pathway phosphatase requirements for these responses. Using this information we queried whether Rap and Msx inhibit sequential steps in a single, linear cascade connecting glutamine availability to Gln3 and Gat1 control as currently accepted or alternatively inhibit steps in two distinct parallel pathways. We find that Rap most strongly elicits nuclear Gat1 localization and expression of genes whose transcription is most Gat1-dependent. Msx, on the other hand, elicits nuclear Gln3 but not Gat1 localization and expression of genes that are most Gln3-dependent. Importantly, Rap-elicited nuclear Gln3 localization is absolutely Sit4-dependent, but that elicited by Msx is not. PP2A, although not always required for nuclear GATA factor localization, is highly required for GATA factor binding to nitrogen-responsive promoters and subsequent transcription irrespective of the gene GATA factor specificities. Collectively, our data support the existence of two different nitrogen-responsive regulatory pathways, one inhibited by Msx and the other by rapamycin.
Pengaruh Kompensasi Manajemen, Corporate Governance, Reputasi Auditor terhadap Manajemen Pajak (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bei Tahun 2011-2014)

The aim of this study is to examine of management compensation, corporate governance and auditor reputation the influence on tax management. Besides that, this study also to examine the size of the company, debt ratio and corporate performance as the control variables the influence on tax management. The samples in this research are banking companis listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2011-2014. The sampling method use a purposive sampling method. Banking companies listed on the BEI in 2011-2014 amounted 42 companies. Companies that fit the criteria of research sample amounted to 16 companies. With 4 years observation period for the sample amounted to 64 samples. The method of analysis is multiple regression wtih using SPSS program. The partial regression test (t test) proves that the management compensation, corporate governance and auditor reputation which has and significant positive effect on tax management. Besides that, the debt ratio and corporate performance as the control variables which has and significant positive on tax management. While the size of the company as the control variables which has a not significant influence on tax management. The adjusted coefficient of determination (Adjusted R2) shows that 63.4% of the variation of tax management can be explained by the independent variables and control variables, while the remaining 36,6% is explained by other variables that do not exist in this study.
Modern cardiac surgery: the future of cardiac surgery in Australia

Cardiac surgery is a relatively young specialty and is undergoing many changes presently. The advent of catheter‐based technology, minimally invasive surgery and better information regarding the roles of cardiac surgery in the management of common cardiac disease is changing the way we provide services. In Australia, attention must be turned to the way cardiac surgical services are provided to enable delivery of modern procedures. This has implications for the provision of training. We explore the face of modern cardiac surgery and how this may be taken up in Australia.
An Investigation of the Adoption of Educational Technology in Iraqi Higher Education: Evidence from Salahaddin University

This paper investigates the use of e-learning systems in universities in Iraq as part of the UNESCO Avicenna Virtual Campus Project. In addition, it identifies the factors that can affect Iraqi students’ acceptance and use of e-learning. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the management of Salahaddin Avicenna E-Learning Centre. In addition, a questionnaire was developed based on extending the Technology Acceptance Model. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed to students. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used to analyse the data. The findings indicated that e-learning has a potential in being used successfully in Iraqi universities. However, the training on the use of the system needs to be improved. In addition, the findings indicated that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norms and self efficacy have significant effects on behaviour intention and behaviour intention, experience, information quality and technical support have significant direct effects on actual use of the e-learning system.
YouTube stickiness: the needs, personal, and environmental perspective

Purpose – Many video sharing sites (e.g. YouTube, Vimeo, and Break) host user-generated video content in the hopes of attracting viewers and thus profits. Therefore, continuous use and video sharing behavior on the part of site users is critical to the continue enjoyment of other users and to the video service providers business. The purpose of this paper is to provide an improved understanding of what motivates internet users to share videos and spend more time on video sharing web sites. Design/methodology/approach – The authors propose a research model based on Uses and Gratification Theory and on Social Cognitive Theory, incorporating key determinants of web site stickiness. An online survey instrument was developed to gather data, and 265 questionnaires were used to test the relationships in the model. Findings – The causal model was validated using SmartPLS 2.0, and 14 out of 18 study hypotheses were supported. The results indicated that continuance motivation and sharing behavior were important ant.
Thoracoscopic appearance of bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax.

STUDY OBJECTIVES We investigated the macroscopic features of bilateral pneumothorax (BLP) and compared them with those of unilateral pneumothorax (ULP). METHODS Surgical cases of spontaneous pneumothorax (236 cases) were divided into two groups based on unilateral occurrence (206 cases) or bilateral occurrence (30 cases). The patients were divided into three groups by the macroscopic findings of lung disease. The first group consisted of those patients with solitary and small bullae (type I pneumothorax), the second group consisted of those with multiple and large bullae (type II pneumothorax), and the third group consisted of those with an aggregation of diffuse and tiny bullae (type III pneumothorax). RESULTS In metachronous BLP cases, 18 patients (66.7%) revealed type III pneumothorax in the first occurrence site, and 13 of 18 patients (72.2%) revealed type III pneumothorax in the contralateral site. Type III pneumothoraces were more frequently found in patients with BLP (18 of 27 patients; 66.7%) compared with ULP (73 of 206 patients; 35.4%; p = 0.0086 [chi(2) test]). During a follow-up ranging from 12 to 129 months (median, 69 months), 7 patients (23.3%) in the BLP group developed recurrences. This rate was higher than that of the ULP group (5.3%; p = 0.0009 [chi(2) test]). Contralateral CT scan findings of their first occurrence were retrospectively reviewed. In 3 patients (15.8%) in the BLP group and 17 patients (12.3%) in the ULP group, apical lung bullae and blebs (ruptured or intact) could be detected on the contralateral lung (p = 0.703 [chi(2) test]). CONCLUSIONS The patients with an aggregation of diffuse and tiny bullae in their thoracoscopic findings had a high risk of contralateral recurrence. Macroscopic lung appearance in the contralateral site in such patients tended to reveal the same type as that in the primary site. CT scanning was not useful for predicting the risk of contralateral occurrence.
Does anonymity matter in electronic limit order markets

We analyze the effect of concealing limit order traders’ identities on market liquidity. We develop a model in which limit order traders have asymmetric information on the cost of limit order trading (which is determined by the exposure to informed trading). A thin limit order book signals to uninformed bidders that the profitability of limit orders is small. This deters uninformed bidders from improving upon the posted quotes. Informed bidders exploit this effect by bidding as if the cost of liquidity provision were large when indeed it is small. This bluffing strategy is less effective when traders cannot distinguish between informative and uninformative limit orders. Hence informed bidders act more competitively in the anonymous market. For this reason, concealing limit order traders’ IDS affects market liquidity in our model. We test this prediction using a natural experiment. On April 23, 2001, the limit order book for stocks listed on Euronext Paris became anonymous. We find that following this change, the average quoted spreads declined significantly whereas the quoted depth decreased.
Occupational Burnout among Correctional Health Workers

1. Approximately one third of the sample study fit Maslach's burnout profile, with low personal accomplishment, high depersonalization, and high emotional exhaustion. Perceived stress was a significant predictor of the sense of personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion. 2. Both male and female subjects had low to moderate mean scores on the social support scale. Social support as measured in this study was limited to that received from coworkers and supervisors. 3. The results of this study point to a need for intervention in this setting. Specific interventions for decreasing stress and thus decreasing chances for burnout are discussed. 4. The development of a broad employee health care program is an example of a primary prevention intervention to decrease stress in this setting. Such a program would include instruction in methods of stress reduction and stress management, including exercise and relaxation techniques.
Increased serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in patients with Kawasaki disease

Objective: To determine whether serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) increase in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) and also correlate with other inflammatory indices. Methods: Serum samples from 10 patients with KD, 15 normal healthy subjects, and seven febrile control subjects were assayed for MIF by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: There was a significant increase in the serum levels of MIF in the acute stage of KD [113.06 (range 20.6–157.36) ng/mL] compared with those in the subacute stage [28.11 (8.57–143.48) ng/mL, p<0.01], normal controls [12.95 (8.40–18.67) ng/mL, p<0.001], and febrile controls [36.58 (21.31–59.67) ng/mL, p = 0.01]. The increase in MIF correlated with an increase in interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (r = 0.52, p = 0.047). Conclusion: MIF may be a useful marker in the acute stage of KD and may provide important clues to the pathogenesis of this disease.