Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced Survival of Rectal Cancer Patients With Increased Tumor Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Levels

AbstractPURPOSE: The epidermal growth factor receptor and its various ligands (epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha, amphiregulin, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, heregulin, and betacellulin) have been implicated in growth and regeneration of intestinal mucosa and might be related to the development and progression of gastrointestinal tumors. Although some studies have investigated levels of epidermal growth factor receptor by radioligand binding studies, none of them have further analyzed these levels in patients with rectal cancer and investigated their prognostic value. METHODS: We quantitatively determined tumor epidermal growth factor receptor levels in 38 patients with colorectal cancer compared with adjacent normal mucosa by iodine-125–labeled epidermal growth factor binding studies and Scatchard analysis. Patients were followed up for 49.5 ± 32.2 (range, 2–120) months. RESULTS: Epidermal growth factor receptor capacity was increased in invasive colorectal carcinomas according to T classification (P < 0.001), tumors with lymph node infiltration (P = 0.038), and advanced International Union Against Cancer stage (P < 0.001). Survival of colorectal cancer was reduced in patients with advanced International Union Against Cancer stage (P < 0.001), tumors with positive lymph nodes (P < 0.001), and tumors with elevated epidermal growth factor receptor levels (P = 0.024). In rectal cancer patients, poor prognosis was associated with advanced International Union Against Cancer stage (P = 0.029), tumors with lymph node infiltration (P = 0.040), and increased epidermal growth factor receptor levels (P = 0.002). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that elevated levels of epidermal growth factor receptor were an independent predictor of reduced survival in patients with rectal cancer (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: The epidermal growth factor receptor/ligand system appears to be involved in tumor development and tumor progression of colorectal carcinomas, with prognostic implication especially in patients with invasive rectal carcinomas. These patients might take advantage of therapies that specifically block epidermal growth factor receptor–mediated signal transduction.
Audit Market Concentration and Auditor Tolerance for Earnings Management

In recent years, policy makers have expressed concern about the risks posed by audit market concentration (i.e., high market shares for the dominant Big 4 audit firms) for audit quality. In this paper, we examine the relation between concentration at the local (i.e., metropolitan statistical area) level and auditor tolerance for earnings management during 2003-09. Specifically, we focus our analysis on clients that met (or beat) the analysts’ earnings forecast but would have missed the target in the absence of positive (i.e., income-increasing) discretionary accruals. Using a sample of clients whose earnings before performance-adjusted discretionary accruals are below the consensus analysts’ earnings forecast, we find higher concentration is associated with an increased likelihood of the client meeting or beating the earnings target. Our findings hold after accounting for the effects of concentration on audit fees, the potential endogeneity of concentration, and other variables identified in the prior literature to affect audit quality. A separate analysis of the earnings distributions for all companies covered by IBES during 2003-09 also suggests that higher concentration increases clients’ propensity to just beat (rather than just miss) the analysts’ earnings forecast. Collectively, our findings are consistent with the misgivings expressed by policy makers, i.e., that oligopolistic dominance of the audit market by the Big 4 fosters complacency among auditors resulting in a more lenient and less skeptical approach to audits and lowers service quality
Changing Food Preference as a Function of Mood

The authors investigated the effect of mood on food selection. Participants (N = 98) indicated the likelihood of general eating and the likelihood of eating specific foods after reading and projecting themselves onto the events and emotions described in a sad and a happy vignette. Both men and women believed they were more likely to consume food following a happy versus a sad event, and men believed they were significantly more likely to eat than did women. However, the type of food men and women believed they would consume interacted with the type of event experienced. Vegetarian snack foods were more likely to be consumed following a happy versus a sad event, with men more likely to eat snack foods. Men did not significantly change in likelihood of consuming sweet foods as their mood changed. However, women believed they were more likely to consume sweet foods following a sad event. The authors discuss the results in terms of a self-medication hypothesis and the effect of carbohydrates on central serotonin and endogenous opioids. Overall, results demonstrated that mood influences belief in the likelihood of food selection.
Dopamine and full‐field illumination activate D1 and D2‐D5‐type receptors in adult rat retinal ganglion cells

Dopamine can regulate signal generation and transmission by activating multiple receptors and signaling cascades, especially in striatum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. Dopamine modulates an even larger variety of cellular properties in retina, yet has been reported to do so by only D1 receptor‐driven cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) increases or D2 receptor‐driven cAMP decreases. Here, we test the possibility that dopamine operates differently on retinal ganglion cells, because the ganglion cell layer binds D1 and D2 receptor ligands, and displays changes in signaling components other than cAMP under illumination that should release dopamine. In adult rat retinal ganglion cells, based on patch‐clamp recordings, Ca2+ imaging, and immunohistochemistry, we find that 1) spike firing is inhibited by dopamine and SKF 83959 (an agonist that does not activate homomeric D1 receptors or alter cAMP levels in other systems); 2) D1 and D2 receptor antagonists (SCH 23390, eticlopride, raclopride) counteract these effects; 3) these antagonists also block light‐induced rises in cAMP, light‐induced activation of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II, and dopamine‐induced Ca2+ influx; and 4) the Ca2+ rise is markedly reduced by removing extracellular Ca2+ and by an IP3 receptor antagonist (2‐APB). These results provide the first evidence that dopamine activates a receptor in adult mammalian retinal neurons that is distinct from classical D1 and D2 receptors, and that dopamine can activate mechanisms in addition to cAMP and cAMP‐dependent protein kinase to modulate retinal ganglion cell excitability. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:4032–4049, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N′-[1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-2-nitrobenzohydrazide methanol solvate

In the title compound, C15H13N3O4·CH3OH, the dihedral angle between the two substituted benzene rings is 66.7 (2)°. An intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond is observed in the Schiff base molecule. In the crystal structure, the Schiff base and solvent molecules are linked into chains running along the a axis by intermolecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Congruent Validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to Screen for Comorbidities in Children With ADHD

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is an effective screening tool for identifying comorbid mental health difficulties in children with ADHD. Method: Parents of children with ADHD (5-13 years) completed the SDQ and the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV–Parent Version (ADIS-C/P-IV). Data from both the measures were compared to determine congruent validity. Results: Analyses revealed that significant relationships exist between the SDQ total score and the total number of comorbidities on the ADIS-C/P-IV. The SDQ emotional problem and conduct problem scales were significantly related to internalizing and externalizing comorbidities on the ADIS-C/P-IV, respectively. Conclusion: While significant relationships were found between the SDQ and ADIS-C/P-IV across various domains, this relationship was stronger for externalizing comorbidities. Additional screening questions are required to effectively screen for less common internalizing comorbidities in children with ADHD, for example, major depression and panic disorder.
Phytochemical screening of Euphorbia hirta linn leaf extracts

Euphorbia hirta belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae is well known for its medicinal properties and widely used worldwide. Euphorbia hirta leaves was investigated for its Ash value, extractive value, total moisture content and fluorescence analysis. Further, the present study aimed to identify the various phytochemical constituents present in the three different extracts by using standard methods of phytochemical screening. Powdered plant material contained 8.90% Ash value, 7.0% w/w water soluble extract, 14.85% w/w ethanol soluble extract, 9.71% w/w methanol soluble extract, 9.84% w/w moisture content and fluorescence to some treatments. The chemical constituents of the ethanolic and methanolic leaf extracts of the plant were relatively similar in the presence of proteins, fats and oils, gums and mucilages as primary metabolites and alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannin, phenol, steroid, glycoside, saponin, coumarin as secondary plant metabolites. Amino acids, carbohydrates and anthraquinones did not detected. In contrast, aqueous extract appeared to posses the constituents such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acid, tannin, phenol, steroid, saponin and anthraquinone with a negative result to alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, fat and oils, coumarin, gums and mucilages. In conclusion, the reported results support the leaf extracts of Euphorbia hirta to exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities and promisingly used as traditional medicine.
An Aluminum Nitride on Silicon resonant MEMS accelerometer operating in ambient pressure

We present an Aluminum Nitride (AlN) on Silicon (Si) resonant MEMS accelerometer with a calibrated differential sensitivity of 387 ppm/g measured in ambient conditions in air. This marks the highest figure of sensitivity among piezoelectric AlN-based resonant accelerometers reported to date by nearly an order of magnitude. The device is composed of a seismic mass attached to a pair of identical triple beam tuning forks (TBTFs) vibrating in an out-of-phase mode at a resonant frequency of 137.6 kHz.
Early Corneal Cellular and Nerve Fiber Pathology in Young Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Identified Using Corneal Confocal Microscopy.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to quantify epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cell density, and subbasal nerve morphology in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic retinopathy. METHODS A total of 28 young patients (mean age, 22.86 ± 9.05 years) with type 1 diabetes, with (n = 18) and without (n = 10) retinopathy, and 17 age-matched healthy control subjects (mean age, 26.53 ± 2.43 years) underwent corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). RESULTS We found significantly lower epithelial (P < 0.0001) and endothelial (P = 0.001) cell densities and higher keratocyte cell density (P = 0.024) in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to controls. Significantly lower corneal nerve fiber density (P = 0.004), nerve branch density (P = 0.004), total nerve branch density (P = 0.04), and nerve fiber length (P = 0.001), and greater nerve fiber width (P = 0.04) were observed in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to control subjects. Significantly lower epithelial (P < 0.001) and endothelial (P = 0.02) cell densities, nerve branch density (P = 0.02), and nerve fiber length (P = 0.04), and significantly higher keratocyte cell density (P = 0.02) were found in patients with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy compared to control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Corneal confocal microscopy identifies corneal cellular and small nerve fiber pathology in young patients with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy, which increases in severity in those with retinopathy. Corneal confocal microscopy appears to have considerable use as an imaging biomarker for early subclinical pathology in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Fentanyl Transdermal Analgesia During Pregnancy and Lactation

This report describes an infant who was born to a mother with chronic pain treated with fentanyl 100 µg/h transdermal patch throughout her pregnancy and during lactation. On day of life 27, when the baby was feeding and gaining weight on maternal milk, samples of the baby's blood and maternal milk were sent for analysis. The mother's milk fentanyl level was 6.4 ng/ mL. The infant's blood fentanyl level was undetectable. This preliminary report suggests that fentanyl transdermal patch treatment might be a viable option for managing chronic pain during lactation. J Hum Lact. 25(3):359-361.
Outcomes of Childhood Hemangiomas Treated with the Pulsed‐Dye Laser with Dynamic Cooling: A Retrospective Chart Analysis

BACKGROUND Laser treatment of childhood hemangiomas remains controversial. Previous studies have used outdated technology, resulting in a potential overrepresentation of adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate outcomes of hemangiomas treated with the most current laser technology. METHODS A retrospective chart analysis of 90 patients with a median age of 3.0 months and a total of 105 hemangiomas were enrolled over a 2.5‐year period. All were treated with the 595‐nm long‐pulse pulsed‐dye laser (LP‐PDL) with dynamic epidermal cooling at 2‐ to 8‐week intervals depending on the stage of growth. Exclusion criteria were previous laser, surgical, or corticosteroid treatment. Three reviewers assessed outcomes. RESULTS Near‐complete or complete clearance in color were achieved for 85 (81%) and in thickness for 67 (64%) hemangiomas. There was no scarring or atrophy. Ulceration occurred in one case and resolved during treatment. Hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation occurred in 4% and 14% of hemangiomas, respectively. CONCLUSION Early treatment of childhood hemangiomas with the 595‐nm LP‐PDL with dynamic cooling may reduce the proliferative phase and result in excellent rates of clearing and few adverse events. Dr. Geronemus serves on the Advisory Board for Candela Corporation.
The role of cortical beta oscillations in time estimation

Estimation of time is central to perception, action, and cognition. Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission topography (PET) have revealed a positive correlation between the estimation of multi‐second temporal durations and neuronal activity in a circuit of sensory and motor areas, prefrontal and temporal cortices, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. The systems‐level mechanisms coordinating the collective neuronal activity in these areas have remained poorly understood. Synchronized oscillations regulate communication in neuronal networks and could hence serve such coordination, but their role in the estimation and maintenance of multi‐second time intervals has remained largely unknown. We used source‐reconstructed magnetoencephalography (MEG) to address the functional significance of local neuronal synchronization, as indexed by the amplitudes of cortical oscillations, in time‐estimation. MEG was acquired during a working memory (WM) task where the subjects first estimated and then memorized the durations, or in the contrast condition, the colors of dynamic visual stimuli. Time estimation was associated with stronger beta (β, 14 − 30 Hz) band oscillations than color estimation in sensory regions and attentional cortical structures that earlier have been associated with time processing. In addition, the encoding of duration information was associated with strengthened gamma‐ (γ, 30 − 120 Hz), and the retrieval and maintenance with alpha‐ (α, 8 − 14 Hz) band oscillations. These data suggest that β oscillations may provide a mechanism for estimating short temporal durations, while γ and α oscillations support their encoding, retrieval, and maintenance in memory. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3262–3281, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Unified Theory Based on SO(5) Symmetry of Superconductivity and Antiferromagnetism

The complex phase diagram of high-critical temperature (Tc) superconductors can be deduced from an SO(5) symmetry principle that unifies antiferromagnetism and d-wave superconductivity. The approximate SO(5) symmetry has been derived from the microscopic Hamiltonian, and it becomes exact under renormalization group flow toward a bicritical point. This symmetry enables the construction of a SO(5) quantum nonlinear σ model that describes the phase diagram and the effective low-energy dynamics of the system. This model naturally explains the basic phenomenology of the high-Tc superconductors from the insulating to the underdoped and the optimally doped region.
Toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides to honey bees: laboratory tests.

Toxic effects on Apis mellifera L. of the neonicotinoid insecticides Thiametoxam, Clothianidin, Acetamiprid and Thiacloprid were tested in the laboratory. Commercial formulations, dispersed in sugar syrup and water, at the highest dose level marked on the label were used to carry out oral and indirect contact trials on each pesticide. Clothianidin and Thiametoxam caused higher mortality than the untreated controls and were also tested at decreasing concentrations until mortality was statistically insignificant in comparison with that of the control; the acute oral Lethal Dose50, the acute indirect contact Lethal Concentration50, and the related Hazard Quotient were calculated at 24, 48, and 72 hours from test initiation. On the contrary, Acetamiprid and Thiacloprid caused higher mortality than the untreated controls only in oral toxicity tests when honey bees, which had starved for two hours, were used. Honey bees that died during the trials were analyzed and the quantity of residues of insecticides determined. These quantities resulted much lower than the administered ones.
OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME AND HYDROCARBON EXPOSURE

Goodpasture's Syndrome has been associated with hydrocarbon exposure. No study has examined outcomes in these patients. All reported cases of Goodpasture's Syndrome and hydrocarbon exposure were identified using MEDLINE and was analyzed for factors related to outcomes. A total of 43 cases were identified since 1969. The mean age of patients was 28 years old. There was a slight predilection for males (60%) when analyzing gender. Various types of hydrocarbons were identified and the duration of exposure varied from minutes to years. A majority of patients (86%) had pulmonary hemorrhage and antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies (AGBM) (92%). Patients were treated with immunosuppressive agents. The only significant statistical correlation was female patients with hydrocarbon exposure were younger. There was no correlation between age, gender, duration of exposure, presence of pulmonary hemorrhage or AGBM, or other risk factors and outcome. The relationship between hydrocarbon exposure and Goodpasture's Syndrome remains unclear since only 6% of cases in the literature had exposure. Even though most patients survived, no factor studied affected outcome making it difficult to predict prognosis in these patients.
Study of the effects of hydrogen cyanide exposure in Cassava workers

Background: Hydrogen cyanide is the chemical responsible for tissue hypoxia. Chronic exposure to HCN may cause neurological, respiratory, cardiovascular and thyroid defects. Onset of symptoms depends on dose and duration of exposure. Large scale of Cassava processing could be disastrous due to discharge of hydrocyanic acid into the air. Cassava processing is the major industrial work in and around Salem. Hence the present study is taken to assess the effects of HCN exposure in Cassava workers. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine workers from a Cassava processing unit at Salem and age-matched controls of the same economic status were taken up for this study. Clinical history was obtained with a questionnaire and their Blood sugar, lipid profile, serum total protein, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT and T3, T4, TSH were estimated using a fasting blood sample and AIP was calculated. Statistical analysis was done by student t test. Results: Our study reveals a significant increase in triglyceride in Cassava workers when compared to the control. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is statistically highly significant. A significant decrease was seen in T4. Conclusion: An increase in TGL and AIP shows a higher degree of cardiovascular risk. A decrease in T4 suggests an insufficient iodine uptake by thyroid gland. Hence a periodic medical evaluation should be done on such workers for their safety and to prevent the health hazard.
The national service framework for long term conditions

Aims to meet psychological, social, and emotional needs in neurological disorders I n March 2005 the UK Department of Health released the national service framework for long term conditions.1 This framework comprises 11 requirements for improving, over the next 10 years, the quality of health and social care services for people with long term neurological conditions: persistent brain disorders with a wide range of complex physical, social, and psychological complications. This document may go some way towards raising awareness of some of the greatest unmet needs in the NHS. The burden of such conditions is huge. Fifteen years ago the World Health Organization showed that broadly defined neuropsychiatric disorders were the most important cause of disability worldwide.w1 Some 10 million people across the United Kingdom have a neurological condition, and nearly 2 million care for someone with either a neurological or a mental health problem.w2 Around half the patients with long term active neurological conditions in the …
Observation of the Ambient Effect in BTI Characteristics of Back-Gated Single Layer Graphene Field Effect Transistors

In this paper, the ambient doping effect on negative/positive bias temperature instability (NBTI/PBTI) of single layer graphene field effect transistors (FETs) is investigated. In ambient air, the ΔV<sub>th</sub> of NBTI is comparable with that of PBTI under the same stress voltage at room temperature. The ΔV<sub>th</sub> of NBTI appears insensitive to temperature, while the ΔV<sub>th</sub> of PBTI increases significantly with rising temperatures, due to the thermally activated charging of ambient doped defects at the graphene/SiO<sub>2</sub> interface. This effect also results in an abnormal recovery of NBTI. In an ambient vacuum, the ΔV<sub>th</sub> is much less than that in ambient air. In addition, the ΔV<sub>th</sub> of both NBTI and PBTI decreases substantially for higher temperatures in the vacuum. The adsorbed molecules are mainly responsible for the ΔV<sub>th</sub> under BTI stress and the back-gated graphene FETs in the air.