Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Development of a Game of the Roguelike Genre Final Report

Games are primarily a source of entertainment, but also a substrate for developing, testing and proving theories. When video games started to popularize, more ambitious projects demanded and pushed forward the development of sophisticated algorithmic techniques to handle real-time graphics, persistent large-scale virtual worlds and intelligent non-player characters. Our goal in this work is to develop a game of the roguelike genre, and to analyze and compare the algorithmic techniques used to address the challenges of such process. More specifically, we are going to focus on two design features, the first one being the procedural generation of dungeons, and the second being the artificial intelligence for enemies. Some of the results we have shown include, concerning generating procedural dungeons, that the techniques of basic iteration and BSP trees can be applied to any practical dungeon size, while cellular automata and maze generation through depth-first search must be optimized or restricted in some ways to increase scalability. Also, when it comes to the artificial intelligence for enemies, we concluded that both stateless and state-based techniques can be used with any practical number of concurrent actors without noticeable delay. However, we argued that state-machine actors can be designed to present more complex, flexible intelligent behavior. Regarding path-finding, we have shown that breadth-first search is satisfactory in terms of effectiveness, while in terms of efficiency it performs poorly if no substantial reductions of the search space are employed.
The Longmen Shan thrust belt in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau underwent deformation of D 1 associated with the Late Triassic collision between the North and South China

[1] The Longmen Shan thrust belt in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau underwent deformation of D1 associated with the Late Triassic collision between the North and South China Blocks, followed by deformation of D2 and D3 related to the eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau. The D1 is marked by moderately tight folds (f1), spaced cleavage (S1), mineral lineation (L1), multistage reactivated faults, and top‐to‐the south thrusting. This deformation initiated before 237Ma and ended at 208Ma. The 193–159MaD2 deformation is top‐to‐the‐southeast directed and normal ductile in nature and was associated with the formation of half‐graben basins. The Mesozoic deformation of the Longmen Shan belt was related to the subduction of the Paleo‐Tethys oceanic lithosphere, followed by the South China Block underneath the Songpan‐Ganze Terrane. The D1 was produced in the pro‐side of the overriding Songpan‐Ganze plate, most probably driven by slab corner flow above the retreating South China Block. The D2 and extensional Songpan‐Ganze turbidite basin were produced by roll‐back and migration of the overriding plate above the retreating subduction zone. This model for the deformation from D1 to D2 is similar to a Mediterranean‐style model. The D3 is characterized by SE‐ward thrusting with stepwise migration of rapid denudation and dextral strike‐slip faulting during the Late Cretaceous to present. Therefore, the Longmen Shan thrust belt involved Mesozoic compressional and extensional events that were overprinted by the Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic compressional event.
Understanding Attitudes to Paying for Care amongst Equity Release Consumers: citizenship, solidarity and the ‘hardworking homeowner’

Abstract The importance of developing a system that is perceived to be ‘fair’ is a central element in debates about long-term care funding in the UK. It is therefore surprising that while previous research has established that older people tend to resent the idea of using housing equity, and other personal assets, it has often revealed little about the factors underpinning these attitudes or reflected on how they sit within a wider frame of social and political norms. Drawing on 60 semi-structured in-depth interviews with older home owners who have released equity from their homes, this paper explores why people feel that it is fair, or unfair, to require owners to use their housing equity to fund long-term care needs, once factors like reluctance to trade on the home, and mistrust of equity release products, have been excluded. While a small majority of our participants considered it unfair, a substantial minority thought it fair that they were required to use their accumulated housing equity to meet care needs. This distribution of attitudes enabled us to explore the reasons why participants held each view, and so reflect on the impact of pro-social and pro-individual norms in shaping attitudes towards intra-generational fairness and ideas about ‘responsible citizenship’. Our analysis posits that the factors that shape attitudes toward using housing assets to pay for care, and their relationship to the wider rhetorical framework of asset accumulation, management and decumulation, have been misunderstood by policy makers. We discuss the implications of our findings for policies that seek to promote the development of a housing-asset based care funding system capable of attracting widespread support.
Relationship between temperament with performance and meat quality of feedlot steers with predominantly Charolais or Nellore breed

The relation between temperament with performance and meat quality was determined in 79 Charolais × Nellore steers kept in feedlot. Temperament was evaluated according to exit velocity, scale composite score and flight distance four times in the finishing phase, along with body weight, intake and feed conversion measures. Cattle were classified as calm, intermediate and excited according to exit velocity measures at the beginning of the trial. Excited cattle presented larger values for composite score and flight distance. Irrespective of genotype, excited cattle presented lower average daily gain, dry matter intake and worse feed conversion. Temperament categories did not affect most of beef quality traits, except for calm Bos indicus steers, which presented greater pH measured 1 hour post mortem compared with more reactive steers. However, moderate but negative correlations were detected between exit velocity, flight distance and composite score and beef quality as well as Warner-Bratzler shear value, luminosity, pH measured 24 hours post mortem, although they were not consistent between genotypes raised under the same conditions.
The Stata Journal

Funnel plots are currently advocated to investigate the presence of publication bias (and other possible sources of bias) in meta-analysis. A previously described augmentation to the funnel plot—to aid its interpretation in assessing publication biases—is the addition of statistical contours indicating regions where studies would have to be for a given level of significance, as implemented in the Stata package confunnel by Palmer et al. (2008, Stata Journal 8: 242–254). In this article, we describe the implementation of a new range of overlay augmentations to the funnel plot, many described in detail recently by Langan et al. (2012, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 65: 511–519). The purpose of these overlays is to display the potential impact a new study would have on an existing meta-analysis, providing an indication of the robustness of the meta-analysis to the addition of new evidence. Thus these overlays extend the use of the funnel plot beyond assessments of publication biases. Two main graphical displays are described: 1) statistical significance contours, which define regions of the funnel plot where a new study would have to be located to change the statistical significance of the meta-analysis; and 2) heterogeneity contours, which show how a new study would affect the extent of heterogeneity in a given meta-analysis. We present the extfunnel command, which implements the methods of Langan et al. (2012, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 65: 511–519), and, furthermore, we extend the graphical displays to illustrate the impact a new study has on lower and upper confidence interval values and the confidence interval width of the pooled meta-analytic result. We also describe overlays for the impact of a future study on user-defined limits of clinical equivalence. We implement inversevariance weighted methods by using both explicit formulas for contour lines and a simulation approach optimized in Mata.
Core transport properties in JT-60U and JET identity plasmas

The paper compares the transport properties of a set of dimensionless identity experiments performed between JET and JT-60U in the advanced tokamak regime with internal transport barrier, ITB. These International Tokamak Physics Activity, ITPA, joint experiments were carried out with the same plasma shape, toroidal magnetic field ripple and dimensionless profiles as close as possible during the ITB triggering phase in terms of safety factor, normalized Larmor radius, normalized collision frequency, thermal beta, ratio of ion to electron temperatures. Similarities in the ITB triggering mechanisms and sustainment were observed when a good match was achieved of the most relevant normalized profiles except the toroidal Mach number. Similar thermal ion transport levels in the two devices have been measured in either monotonic or non-monotonic q-profiles. In contrast, differences between JET and JT-60U were observed on the electron thermal and particle confinement in reversed magnetic shear configurations. It was found that the larger shear reversal in the very centre (inside normalized radius of 0.2) of JT-60U plasmas allowed the sustainment of stronger electron density ITBs compared with JET. As a consequence of peaked density profile, the core bootstrap current density is more than five times higher in JT-60U compared with JET. Thanks to the bootstrap effect and the slightly broader neutral beam deposition, reversed magnetic shear configurations are self-sustained in JT-60U scenarios. Analyses of similarities and differences between the two devices address key questions on the validity of the usual assumptions made in ITER steady scenario modelling, e.g. a flat density profile in the core with thermal transport barrier? Such assumptions have consequences on the prediction of fusion performance, bootstrap current and on the sustainment of the scenario.
Fatty acids Compositions in Male’s Gonads of the Red Sea Fish Rhabdosargus sarba During the Spawning Season

A total of 27 fatty acids (FAs) were identified in testis throughout the spawning season of male R. sarba. In male gonad saturated fatty acids (SFA) were the main fatty acid group in total lipid in testis (34%) followed by PUFA (29.1%) and MUFA (11.6%). In all maturation stages SFA were the main fatty acid group in testis (30.4-35.4%). Of individual fatty acid, the major constituents of SFA were Palmitic acid C16:0 (18. 5%) and Stearic acid C18:0 (8.5%) in nearly ripe and ripe stages respectively. Oleic acid C18:1 (8.8%) was found to be the main MUFA in ripe stage and Linoleic acid C18:2 (10.8%) was the main PUFA in nearly ripe stage. During spawning and maturation stages there were a significant differences in total SFA and MUFA (P<0.05).
Citrus Flavonoids and Human Cancers

Nowadays cancers pose a great threat to the health of human beings. Based on studies on the flavonoids and other bioactive compounds of Citrus fruits in current literature, it was widely suggested that the consumption of Citrus fruits is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases including cancers. In the past decades, the study concerning Citrus flavonoids has covered various areas including the type, content and distribution of flavonoids in fruits; their variation between wild and cultivated genotypes; their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities. To enlighten future Citrus germplasm study, this review introduces briefly the functions of main types of Citrus flavonoids, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-aging activities, and their relationships to human cancers. Most importantly, the mechanisms of action by which Citrus flavonoids play their roles in human cancer prevention and treatment were summarized.
Exploring shoreface dynamics and a mechanistic explanation for a morphodynamic depth of closure

Using energetics‐based formulations for wave‐driven sediment transport, we develop a robust methodology for estimating the morphodynamic evolution of a cross‐shore sandy coastal profile. In our approach, wave‐driven cross‐shore sediment flux depends on three components: two onshore‐directed terms (wave asymmetry and wave streaming) and an offshore‐directed slope term. In contrast with previous work, which applies shallow water wave assumptions across the transitional zone of the lower shoreface, we use linear Airy wave theory. The cross‐shore sediment transport formulation defines a dynamic equilibrium profile and, by perturbing about this steady state profile, we present an advection‐diffusion formula for profile evolution. Morphodynamic Péclet analysis suggests that the shoreface is diffusionally dominated. Using this depth‐dependent characteristic diffusivity timescale, we distinguish a morphodynamic depth of closure for a given time envelope. Even though wave‐driven sediment transport can (and will) occur at depths deeper than this morphodynamic closure depth, the rate of morphologic bed changes in response to shoreline change becomes asymptotically slow. Linear wave theory suggests a shallower shoreface depth of closure and much sharper break in processes than shallow water wave assumptions. Analyzing hindcasted wave data using a weighted frequency‐magnitude approach, we determine representative wave conditions for selected sites along the U.S. coastline. Computed equilibrium profiles and depths of closure demonstrate reasonable similarities, except where inheritance is strong. The methodology espoused in this paper can be used to better understand the morphodynamics at the lower shoreface transition with relative ease across a variety of sites and with varied sediment transport equations.
Detection of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) Genes in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from the intestinal of commercial broiler chickens, turkey and quail of Iran

Background: Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are zoonotic bacteria which are frequently associated with human diarrhea. Sharing of the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes in Campylobacter is common and is considered species specific. OBJECTIVES: In this study we focused on detecting the presence of cdt gene in C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from broilers, turkeys and quails of Iran. METHODS: Cecal samples were randomly collected from 240 broiler chickens, 100 meat type turkeys and 100 quails after slaughtering. We used PCR as a method for detecting cdt genes. RESULTS: In broilers, 93% of 58 C. jejuni positive samples possessed cdt gene and in all cases the three different subunits of cdt genes were present. However, only 56% of 14 C. coli isolates in broilers had contained cdt genes, while one fourth having all three subunits present. In turkeys, around 65% of 34 C. jejuni positive samples had cdt gene present with 38% possessing all three subunits of cdt genes. But all 5 C. coli isolates had all three subunits cdt gene. In quails, 67% of 30 C. jejuni positive samples were identified by cdt gene, 20% of those possessed all three gene subunits. On the other hand, all 28 C. coli isolates of quails had cdt gene present while 36% of those held all three gene subunits. CONCLUSIONS: Our data is indicating the isolation, culture and cdt PCR amplification approaches in this study seemed to be efficient. However, the presence of different variation of Campylobacter cdt gene types in our sample isolates signifies the necessity of further functional gene studies to elucidate which gene type combinations result in encoding effective toxins.
ISLAMIC LEADERSHIP AT THE INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

This paper is an empirical study related to Islamic leadership. The literature review of this paper focuses on transactional leadership, transformational leadership and servant leadership. The literature suggests that Islamic leadership most closely resembles servant leadership. A questionnaire was then used to assess how administrators at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) view the leadership approaches of their direct superiors and which leadership approach they prefer. The results of the survey clearly indicate that they prefer servant leadership followed by transformational leadership. Respondents dislike transactional leadership. The implications of the studies are discussed and the possibility of generalization is discussed.
PREVALENCE OF PARASITIC INFESTATION IN CHILDREN OF A RURAL COMMUNITY OF PESHAWAR

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To find out the actual prevalence of parasitic infestations in a community village Budhni of Peshawar, Pakistan.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out in village Budhni near Peshawar, Pakistan. A sample of 288 children, aged <5 years were randomly selected. Information was collected on the age, gender, feeding and hygiene habits of the mothers and children. Fresh stool sample were collected in sterile bottles for microscopic examination. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 16.RESULTS: A total of 288 children were included in the study; out of which 175(61%) were males and 113(39%) females. The mean age was 33.8±16.1 months. An overall prevalence of parasitic infestations was 41% (n=117). The most common parasites observed were Giardia lamblia (n=56; 19.4%), Entamoeba histolytica (n=36; 12.5%) and Hymenolepis nana (n=18; 6.3%). Multiple infestations were seen in 19% children. Worm infestation was found more common up to the age of 36 months. Female children were more infected (n=43; 38%) as compared to male children (n=55; 31.4%). Worm infestation increased with the family size, low parental education, non-breast fed, use of drinking water from well and lack of toilet facility. Hand washing practice before feeding/weaning and use of soother by the child have also showed some increased frequency of worm infestation.CONCLUSION: Prevalence of parasitic infestation is quite high in children, aged <5 years in rural areas of Peshawar. Single as well multiple infestations were found. Lack of education, improper sanitation and drinking water facility play the major role in causing infection.KEY WORDS: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic (MeSH); Worm infestation (Non-MeSH); Multiple infestations (Non-MeSH); Giardia lamblia (MeSH); Entamoeba histolytica (MeSH); Hymenolepis nana (MeSH); Ascaris lumbricoides (MeSH); Hymenolepiasis (MeSH); Parasites (MeSH); Rural Population (MeSH)
Soluble free phenolic compound contents and antioxidant capacity of bread and durum wheat genotypes

The objective of this study was to determine phenolic compounds and the total antioxidant capacity in the grain of ten bread (T. aestivum L.) and ten durum (T. durum Desf.) wheat genotypes. Soluble free forms of total phenolics, flavonoids, PVPP (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) bound phenolics, proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids were investigated. In addition, the correlation coefficients between total antioxidant capacities and the concentration of different soluble free phenolic compounds, as well as between soluble free total phenolics and phenolic acids, flavonoids and PVPP bound phenolics were determined. Significant differences in the content of aceton/water extractable total phenolics, PVPP bound phenolics and phenolic acids between and within two wheat species were found. On the average, durum wheat samples had about 1.19-fold higher total phenolic compounds and about 1.5-fold higher PVPP bound phenolics than bread wheat samples. Three phenolic acids, ferulic, caffeic and chlorogenic, were detected in wholemeal bread wheat. Caffeic acid was not found in durum wheat samples whilst ferulic acid was the most abundant. Proanthocyanidins in bread and durum wheat genotypes were not detected. The antioxidant capacity measured as the DPPH radical scavenging activity was similar in wholemeal of bread and durum wheat, however, significant differences were observed among genotypes within species. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 31069]
Correlation and Factor Analysis of Grain Yield and Some Important Component Characters in Spring Bread Wheat Genotypes

Abstract In order to evaluate several agro-morphological traits in 21 spring bread wheat genotypes, an experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in two locations during three years (2008-2011). The traits including grain yield (GY), biological yield (BY), spike weight (SW), grain weight per spike(GWS), harvest index (HI), spike length (SL), spikelet per spike (SPS), number of grain per spike (NGS), number of spike per square meter (SPM), 1000-grain weight (GW), plant height (PH), stem straw weight (SSW), spike straw weight (SRW) were evaluated. The result of combined analysis of variance revealed that years, genotypes and their interaction effects were significant for all the traits. Location had significant difference for all the traits except SL and SPS. GY was significant correlated with BY (0.72**), SW (0.75**), GWS (0.69**), NGS (0.59**), SSW (0.62**) and SRW (0.66**). Factor analysis was used for understanding the data structure and trait relations. The factor analysis divided the thirteen traits into three factors. The cumulative variation for these factors was 0.76 and also it’s portions for factor one to three were 0.59, 0.16 and 0.06, respectively. In the first factor, the traits including GY, BY, SW, GWS, SPS, NGS and SSW had high factor loadings. The traits compromise HI, SSW and SRW had high factor loadings in second factor and also SPM, GW and PH had high values of factor loadings in third factor. The genotypes including Morvarid, N-80-19 and N-85-14 had high mean values of grain yield. The genotypes had high genetic coefficient variation for SRW, BY, SW and GY, therefore the efficiency of selection of the genotypes for improving these traits will be high.
Auxiliary Media - A Generalized View on Stacking

Stacking still plays a fundamental role in seismic data processing. While the summation helps to decrease data redundancy and leads to a first interpretable time image with a high signal-to-noise ratio, the estimated stacking parameters form the foundation of many important subsequent processing steps, including depth imaging. Current multi-parameter stacking techniques aim to include higher order terms in the traveltime moveout surface. Without increasing the number of parameters, this goal is commonly achieved by assuming a certain reflector geometry and straight raypaths. In the presence of heterogeneity, as a consequence, moveout is described in an auxiliary medium. Although modern methods are usually based on the same set of parameters, we show that they can be divided into two types of approximations, one assuming an effective medium, the other describing the optical analogue in a medium of constant near-surface velocity. Based on ideas of de Bazelaire and Hocht, we provide a simple but general recipe to transform operators from the effective to the optical medium. As an example, we investigate the optical representation of a nonhyperbolic effective medium operator currently in use. In addition, we clarify the unique role of the multifocusing method and point out distinct advantages of both approaches.