Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of gestational age at PPROM on the short-term outcome of children born after extreme and prolonged preterm prelabor rupture of membranes in an experienced care center

Introduction. Survival of infants born after extreme PPROM (preterm prelabor rupture of membranes) has increased dramatically in the past 20 years, up to 90% in some tertiary neonatal centres, due to the progress in neonatal cardiorespiratory management. Known risk factors of poor outcomes are lower gestational age at PPROM and prolonged and severe oligohydramnios. Methods. We performed a retrospective study over a 6-year-period (2009-2015), including 14 pregnant women who experienced PPROM, before 25 weeks of gestation, with prolonged (>14 days) and severe oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index<5). Each live neonate was matched with a control patient who was born the same year, of the same gender, with the same gestational age (+/6 days) and who received treatment to induce fetal lung maturation at least 48 hours before birth. Results. Live birth rate was 14/20 (70%) and neonatal survival was 13/14 (93%). Apgar scores at 5 and 10 minutes were lower in the PPROM group (p<0.01). Intubation was necessary for all babies with PPROM and for 5/13 (38%) of the controls (p < 0.01). In a subgroup analysis of the PPROM group, we found that all babies with PPROM < 20 weeks presented refractory hypoxemia and required iNO (inhaled nitric oxide) administration compared to one in the PPROM group > 20 weeks (p < 0.01). In all infants requiring iNO, the oxygenation index improved dramatically and rapidly with treatment. We found no difference in the rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity or intraventricular hemorrhage. Conclusion. PPROM before 20 weeks of gestation exposes the neonate to a high risk of refractory hypoxemia compared to PPROM after 20 weeks. The initial care management requires more aggressive treatment with administration of iNO in all of them. After the initial period, the evolution of all babies born after PPROM is comparable to that of their controls.
Prosecutor Constrained by His Environment: A New Look at Discretionary Justice in the United States

The broad discretionary power of the American prosecutor subjects the office to criticism and enshrouds the prosecutorial function in controversy. However, the criticism usually is overbroad and lacks factual support. Is a first offender convicted of aggravated assault treated differently in Brooklyn, New York, than in New Orleans, Louisiana? Is a shoplifting suspect found with a gun in her purse treated the same in Boulder, Colorado, as in Detroit, Michigan? Such questions have gone unanswered and, indeed, unasked, by any comprehensive survey of prosecutorial discretion in America. This study examines the spectrum of state prosecutorial styles in America's urban areas. Our purpose is to identify those differences which affect the uniformity, the quality, and the equality of justice administered by local prosecutors. In order to examine and analyze policy and the dimensions of uniformity and consistency in prosecutorial decisionmaking, ten geographically dispersed and otherwise diverse, large urban prosecutors' offices participated in this study. ' This Article outlines some findings and con-
Yarn-dyed Fabric Defect Detection with YOLOV2 Based on Deep Convolution Neural Networks

To reduce labor costs for manual extract image features of yarn-dyed fabric defects, a method based on YOLOV2 is proposed for yarn-dyed fabric defect automatic localization and classification. First, 276 yarn-dyed fabric defect images are collected, preprocessed and labelled. Then, YOLO9000, YOLO-VOC and Tiny YOLO are used to construct fabric defect detection models. Through comparative study, YOLO-VOC is selected to further model improvement by optimize super-parameters of deep convolutional neural network. Finally, the improved deep convolutional neural network is tested for yarn-dyed fabric defect detection on practical fabric images. The experimental results indicate the proposed method is effective and low labor cost for yarn-dyed fabric defect detection.
Stance-Taking in Topics Extracted from Vaccine-Related Tweets and Discussion Forum Posts

The occurrence of stance-taking towards vaccination was measured in documents extracted by topic modelling from two different corpora, one discussion forum corpus and one tweet corpus. For some of the topics extracted, their most closely associated documents contained a proportion of vaccine stance-taking texts that exceeded the corpus average by a large margin. These extracted document sets would, therefore, form a useful resource in a process for computer-assisted analysis of argumentation on the subject of vaccination.
Neon, sulphur, and argon abundances of planetary nebulae in the sub-solar metallicity Galactic anti-centre

Context. Spectra of planetary nebulae show numerous fine structure emission lines from ionic species, enabling us to study the overall abundances of the nebular material that is ejected into the interstellar medium. The abundances derived from planetary nebula emission show the presence of a metallicity gradient within the disk of the Milky Way up to Galactocentric distances of ~10 kpc, which are consistent with findings from studies of different types of sources, including H II regions and young B-type stars. The radial dependence of these abundances further from the Galactic centre is in dispute. Aims. We aim to derive the abundances of neon, sulphur and argon from a sample of planetary nebulae towards the Galactic anti-centre, which represent the abundances of the clouds from which they were formed, as they remain unchanged throughout the course of stellar evolution. We then aim to compare these values with similarly analysed data from elsewhere in the Milky Way in order to observe whether the abundance gradient continues in the outskirts of our Galaxy. Methods. We have observed 23 planetary nebulae at Galactocentric distances of 8–21 kpc with Spitzer IRS. The abundances were calculated from infrared emission lines, for which we observed the main ionisation states of neon, sulphur, and argon, which are little affected by extinction and uncertainties in temperature measurements or fluctuations within the planetary nebula. We have complemented these observations with others from optical studies in the literature, in order to reduce or avoid the need for ionisation correction factors in abundance calculations. Results. The overall abundances of our sample of planetary nebulae in the Galactic anti-centre are lower than those in the solar neighbourhood. The abundances of neon, sulphur, and argon from these stars are consistent with a metallicity gradient from the solar neighbourhood up to Galactocentric distances of ~20 kpc, albeit with varying degrees of dispersion within the data.
If We Build it, Will They Pay? Predicting Property Price Effects of Transport Innovations

In this study I apply a gravity-type labor-market accessibility model to the Greater London Area to investigate house price capitalization effects. The spatial scope of labor-market effects is found to be about 60 minutes. Doubling accessibility increases the utility of an average household by about 12%. I combine the gravity approach with a transport decision model that takes into account the urban rail network architecture, allows for mode switching, and thus accounts for the effective accessibility offered by a station, to predict the property price effects of the 1999 Jubilee Line and DLR extension. A considerable degree of heterogeneity is predicted both in terms of the magnitude as well as the spatial extent of price effects around new stations. A quasi-experimental property price analysis reveals that the model performs well in predicting the effective capitalization effects, suggesting that the approach might be a viable ingredient in transport planning.
A sensemaking lens on reliability y

This study assessed the applicability of current theories of reliability in dynamic settings by exploring the sensemaking processes experienced by a sample of medical residents around lapses in reliability of patient care. Important differences in lapses surfaced, particularly with respect to whether actors were aware that a lapse was occurring in real-time and whether there was anything they could do or say to mitigate or prevent the lapse. In over half of the incidents recounted, the actors did not become aware of the lapse in reliability until after the consequence of the lapse had occurred or the consequence occurred simultaneously with the recognition of the lapse. In other incidents, they faced a critical moment in which they had to decide whether and how to act to intervene in real-time. In the majority of these critical moments, residents had an issue of concern to voice that could have helped mitigate or correct the lapse but instead they remained silent. Issues related to identity and relationships appeared to either inhibit or promote voice during critical moments. We end with ideas for how our findings can inform existing work on reliability in healthcare and the growing literature on voice and silence in organizations. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Evaluation of Polysomnography in Patients with Nocturnal Bruxism Referring to Mashhad Faculty of Dentistry

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nocturnal bruxism is considered as a major cause of temporomandibular disorders. Although nocturnal bruxism is normally diagnosed clinically, polysomnography is also a gold standard diagnostic test for this disorder. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological events in patients with nocturnal bruxism through polysomnography analysis. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on 20 patients who were diagnosed with nocturnal bruxism based on the sleep disorders questionnaires of the International Committee of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) and physical examinations. The sleep patterns and bruxism of these patients were also evaluated via polysomnography. FINDINGS: In this study, 15-25% of the patients diagnosed with nocturnal bruxism reported various problems related to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement. In addition, 85% of the patients complained of facial pain and tenderness, and the most frequent symptoms during the examinations were TMJ clicking, joint noises and limited mouth opening. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the quality and quantity of sleep in bruxism patients are at a lower level compared to healthy individuals.
Population diversity among Brazilian isolates of Cryphonectria cub ens is

The devastating effect of Cryphonectria canker on Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil has necessitated the initiation of a strategy to control the disease. A potential biological control strategy for Clyphonectria cubemis would be to make use of dsRNA. capable of debilitating the fungus. However. success would depend on the diversity of the pathogen population. In this study. the presence of vegetative compatibility groups (YCGs) in C. cubensis was demonstrated by pairing isolates and observing the reaction along the line of contact between the expanding colonies. Isolates (092) of C. cubemis, from 182 Eucal)PtlH trees located in five regions in Brazil, were examined using this method. On a tree, one or at most two VCGs were present. However. isolates from different but closely spaced trees. represented numerous YCGs. It is probable that the multiplicity of VCGs in the Brazilian population of C. cubensis will limit the natural spread of dsRNA and. hence, limit the potential for biocontrol via hypovirulence. The large number of VCGs is also indicative of a wen-established. and possibly endemic population of the pathogen. ::Q 1998 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved.
MARVELS-1: A FACE-ON DOUBLE-LINED BINARY STAR MASQUERADING AS A RESONANT PLANETARY SYSTEM AND CONSIDERATION OF RARE FALSE POSITIVES IN RADIAL VELOCITY PLANET SEARCHES

We have analyzed new and previously published radial velocity (RV) observations of MARVELS-1, known to have an ostensibly substellar companion in a ∼6 day orbit. We find significant (∼100 m s−1) residuals to the best-fit model for the companion, and these residuals are naïvely consistent with an interior giant planet with a P = 1.965 days in a nearly perfect 3:1 period commensurability (|Pb/Pc − 3| < 10−4). We have performed several tests for the reality of such a companion, including a dynamical analysis, a search for photometric variability, and a hunt for contaminating stellar spectra. We find many reasons to be critical of a planetary interpretation, including the fact that most of the three-body dynamical solutions are unstable. We find no evidence for transits, and no evidence of stellar photometric variability. We have discovered two apparent companions to MARVELS-1 with adaptive optics imaging at Keck; both are M dwarfs, one is likely bound, and the other is likely a foreground object. We explore false-alarm scenarios inspired by various curiosities in the data. Ultimately, a line profile and bisector analysis lead us to conclude that the ∼100 m s−1 residuals are an artifact of spectral contamination from a stellar companion contributing ∼15%–30% of the optical light in the system. We conclude that origin of this contamination is the previously detected RV companion to MARVELS-1, which is not, as previously reported, a brown dwarf, but in fact a G dwarf in a face-on orbit.
The Challenges of Prisoner Reentry from a Rural Perspective

Inmates face many challenges as they attempt to transition from the institution to the community. Securing suitable housing, finding employment, and addressing substance abuse and mental health problems present formidable obstacles to offenders as they attempt to reconnect with society. To this point most, if not all, of the focus on prisoner reentry has been from an urban perspective, with little attention on how these obstacles affect inmates returning to rural areas. This paper examines the challenges rural-bound offenders face when returning to the community, focusing specifically on housing, employment, substance abuse, and mental health. While little research has been conducted in this area, by combining current research on prisoner reentry with knowledge from other disciplines such as sociology, addictions, and health care, it is possible to gain a better understanding of how these obstacles impede reintegration in rural settings. Furthermore, this paper addresses the need to develop policies that recognize the unique features of rural communities.
Jumps and Betas: A New Framework for Disentangling and Estimating Systematic Risks

We provide a new theoretical framework for disentangling and estimating the sensitivity towards systematic diffusive and jump risks in the context of factor models. Our estimates of the sensitivities towards systematic risks, or betas, are based on the notion of increasingly finer sampled returns over fixed time intervals. We show consistency and derive the asymptotic distributions of our estimators. In an empirical application of the new procedures involving high-frequency data for forty individual stocks, we find that the estimated monthly diffusive and jump betas with respect to an aggregate market portfolio differ substantially for some of the stocks in the sample.
Improving Wireless Network Performance Using Sensor Hints by Lenin Ravindranath Sivalingam

Users of wireless devices often switch between being stationary and in motion while transferring data. Protocols that perform well in the static setting (where the channel conditions are relatively stable), however, tend to perform poorly when in motion (where channel conditions change rapidly), and vice versa. To circumvent this problem, we note that commodity smartphones and tablet devices come equipped with a variety of sensors, including accelerometers, multiple positioning sensors, magnetic compasses, and inertial sensors (gyros) that can provide hints about the device's mobility. In this thesis, we posit that these sensors can be profitably used to improve the performance of wireless network protocols running on these mobile devices and introduce an architecture for using external sensor hints for this purpose. We validate this idea with many different wireless protocols. First, we show how access points can perform better rate adaptation by changing strategies when they receive hints about a client's mobility. Second, we show how probing protocols for topology maintenance in mesh networks can increase both their efficiency and accuracy by adaptively probing based on movement. Third, we show how vehicular mesh networks can use directionality hints to improve the connectivity of routes. Finally, we outline several other novel applications of external sensor hints for improving wireless network performance. We evaluate our protocols using trace-driven simulation and real-world experiments. We show that our hint-aware rate adaptation protocol increases throughput by 30% to 50% on average over frame-based and SNR-based protocols. Our hint-aware probing protocol reduces the bandwidth consumed by probing to accurately estimate link delivery probabilities-by a factor of 20 in our experiments. And, our hint-aware route selection in vehicular mesh networks increases route stability by a factor of 4 to 5 compared to a hint-free approach in our simulations. Thesis Supervisor: Hari Balakrishnan Title: Professor, MIT EECS
Discretionary Monetary Policy and the Zero Lower Bound on Nominal Interest Rates

Ignoring the existence of the zero bound on nominal interest rates one considerably understates the value of monetary commitment in New Keynesian models. A stochastic forward-looking model with an occasionally binding lower bound, calibrated to the U.S. economy, suggests that low values for the natural rate of interest lead to sizeable output losses and deflation under discretionary monetary policy. The fall in output and deflation are much larger than in the case with policy commitment and do not show up at all if the model abstracts from the existence of the lower bound. The welfare losses of discretionary policy increase even further when inflation is partly determined by lagged inflation in the Phillips curve. These results emerge because private sector expectations and the discretionary policy response to these expectations reinforce each other and cause the lower bound to be reached much earlier than under commitment.
In vitro Studies on Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Azima tetracantha Lam leaf extracts

The leaves of Azima tetracantha (Salvadoraceae) commonly known as "mulluchangu" is best known for its medicinal properties. In the present study, the antioxidant potency of successive extracts (petroleum ether, hexane, ethylacetate&methanol) was investigated, by determining the secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannin and phenolic compounds. The free radical scavenging activity of various solvent extracts of the leaves was assessed by using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide radical (NO), superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxide generating models. Reducing power and Vit E level in the leaves were also measured. The results show that the methanol extract of the plant A. tetracantha contains significant quantities of the antioxidant principles compared to the other solvent extracts. Similar observations were seen in scavenging the free radicals by the methanolic extract of the leaves of A. tetracantha . Thus the therapeutic property of the leaves of the plant A. tetracantha can be attributed to the antioxidant principles which scavenge the free radicals responsible for pathological severity.
MM5 Contrail Forecasting in Alaska

The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU– NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) is being used for forecasting the atmospheric layers of aircraft condensation trail (contrail) formation. Contrail forecasts are based on a conventional algorithm describing the adiabatic mixing of aircraft exhaust with environmental air. Algorithm input data are MM5-forecasted temperature and humidity values at defined pressure or sigma levels, and an aircraft-relevant contrail factor that is derived statistically from a contrail observation database. For comparison purposes a mean overlap (MO), which is a parameter quantifying the overlap between forecasted contrail layers and contrail layers derived from radiosonde measurements, is introduced. Mean overlap values are used to test for the altitude and thickness of forecasted contrail layers. Contrail layers from Arctic MM5 and Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) MM5 models agree well with contrail layers derived from corresponding radiosonde measurements for certain forecast periods; a steady decrease of the MO shows a decrease of contrail forecast accuracy with the increasing forecast period. Mean overlaps around 82% indicate reasonable results for the 48-h forecasts. Verification of MM5 with actual contrail observations shows a slightly better performance of Arctic MM5. A possible dry bias might occur in humidity measurements at low temperature levels due to temperature-dependence errors of the humidity sensor polymer, which might also affect forecasts of humidity of the upper troposphere or lower stratosphere. Despite this fact, this contrail verification study shows hit rates higher than 82% within forecast periods up to 36 h using Arctic MM5.