Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic analysis of sporulation phenotypes in 624 non‐lethal homozygous deletion strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A new high throughput mutant screening procedure for the detection of sporulation mutants was developed and used to analyse a set of 624 non‐lethal homozygous deletion mutants created in the European joint research program EUROFAN. The screening procedure involved determination of LL‐ and DL‐dityrosine, sporulation‐specific compounds, which were shown to be robust markers of the extent and arrest stage of sporulation mutants. Secondary screens consisted of light microscopy to detect mature and immature spores and DAPI staining to monitor the progress of meiotic nuclear divisions. We discovered new phenotypic classes of mutants defective in spore wall synthesis that were not discovered by previous screens for sporulation mutants. The genes corresponding to the sporulation mutants fell in several functional classes, some of which were previously unknown to be involved in spore formation. Peroxisomes seem to play a role in spore wall synthesis. Mitochondria play a role in sporulation that is not simply restricted to supply of ATP from respiratory metabolism. The deletion mutants included in the set were functionally unknown at the start of EUROFAN; however, within the last few years the importance to sporulation of some of them was also reported by other authors. Taken together, about 8% of all single gene deletion mutants of non‐essential genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae seem to display a clear and reproducible sporulation phenotype. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Conference on Knowledge in Small and Medium Sized Towns: Towns as a place of knowledge and diffusion

Rural tourism has been widely seen in the last years as an effective means of addressing the socio-economic problems of rural territories. Accordingly, not only the supply has grown significantly, but academic interest has also been paid to the rural tourism impact. However, its impact is controversial and not always evident. To analyse these issues, this paper presents a research on rural tourism impacts in the Portuguese small town of Almeida and in its rural municipality. So, this paper focuses on the case of rural tourism in Almeida illustrating two dominant objectives: primarily, analysing the real contribution of rural tourism in the local development process, mainly in the economic diversification and in the rehabilitation of traditional activities and heritage; and secondly, examining the entrepreneurship factor and the innovation capacity in Almeida’s rural tourism development, because tourism is one of the economic sectors in which a great degree of involvement and cooperation is needed to face the market increases and its new demands. Key factors that enable or hinder the contribution of rural tourism and the entrepreneurial spirit into a sustainable development process are put in relief. Some conclusions, due to the same nature of problems involved, can be extrapolated to other peripheral municipalities and small towns of the East part of Portugal.
Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections in Children: A Nationwide Survey in Finland

Background: The incidence of invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS) infections varies in time and geographically for unknown reasons. We performed a nationwide survey to assess the population-based incidence rates and outcomes of children with iGAS infections. Methods: We collected data on patients from hospital discharge registries and the electronic databases of microbiological laboratories in Finland for the period 1996–2010. We then recorded the emm types or serotypes of the strains. The study physician visited all university clinics and collected the clinical data using the same data entry sheet. Results: We identified 151 children with iGAS infection. Varicella preceded iGAS infection in 20% of cases and fasciitis infection in 83% of cases. The annual incidence rate of iGAS infection was 0.93 per 100,000 in 1996–2000, 1.80 in 2001–2005 and 2.50 in 2006–2010. The proportion of emm 1.0 or T1M1 strains peaked in 1996–2000 and again in 2006–2010, to 44% and 37% of all typed isolates. The main clinical diagnoses of the patients were severe soft-tissue infection (46%), sepsis (28%), empyema (10%), osteoarticular infection (9%) and primary peritonitis (5%). Severe pain was the most typical symptom for soft-tissue infections. More than half of the patients underwent surgery and received clindamycin. The readmission rate was 7%, and the case fatality rate was 2%. Conclusions: The incidence rate of pediatric iGAS infections tripled during our study. The increase was not, however, the result of a change in the strain types causing iGAS. Varicella immunization would likely have prevented a significant number of the cases.
Bridging the hybrid high-order and hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods

We build a bridge between the hybrid high-order (HHO) and the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) methods in the setting of a model diffusion problem. First, we briefly recall the construction of HHO methods and derive some new variants. Then, by casting the HHO method in mixed form, we identify the numerical flux so that the HHO method can be compared to HDG methods. In turn, the incorporation of the HHO method into the HDG framework brings up new, efficient choices of the local spaces and a new, delicate construction of the numerical flux ensuring optimal orders of convergence on meshes made of general shape-regular polyhedral elements. Numerical experiments comparing two of these methods are shown.
Macular pigment imaging in AREDS2 participants: an ancillary study of AREDS2 subjects enrolled at the Moran Eye Center.

PURPOSE Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) is a randomized, placebo-controlled study designed to determine whether supplementation with 10 mg of lutein and 2 mg of zeaxanthin per day can slow the rate of progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although some biomarkers of response to carotenoid supplementation such as serum concentrations are part of the AREDS2 protocol, measurement of carotenoid concentrations in the eye and other tissues is not. In this approved ancillary study, macular pigment optical density (MPOD), macular pigment distributions, and skin carotenoid levels at enrollment and at each annual visit were measured to assess baseline carotenoid status and to monitor response to assigned interventions. METHODS All subjects enrolled at the Moran Eye Center had MPOD and macular pigment spatial distributions measured by dual-wavelength autofluorescence imaging and total skin carotenoids measured by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Results. Baseline MPOD in enrolled subjects was unusually high relative to an age-matched control group that did not consume carotenoid supplements regularly, consistent with the high rate of habitual lutein and zeaxanthin consumption in Utah AREDS2 subjects prior to enrollment. MPOD did not correlate with serum or skin carotenoid measurements. CONCLUSIONS Useful information is provided through this ancillary study on the ocular carotenoid status of AREDS2 participants in the target tissue of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation: The macula. When treatment assignments are unmasked at the conclusion of the study, unique tissue-based insights will be provided on the progression of AMD in response to long-term, high-dose carotenoid supplementation versus diet alone. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00345176.).
ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION OF THE LOWEST AUTOIONIZING STATES OF ALKALIS USING A DISTORTED-WAVE METHOD

Atomic collisions involve scattering of projectiles by some target. The scattering can be done experimentally under certain laboratory conditions or modeled theoretically using known and reliable methods. From scattering a lot of information about the target and also the dynamics of the collision process can be obtained through determination of cross sections, alignment parameters and the angular correlation parameters. These information find application in various branches of physics, for instance, laser physics, biophysics and plasma physics. In this study, integral cross-sections, differential cross-sections, alignment and lambda parameters for electron-impact excitation of the lowest autoionizing states ofLi, Na and K have been calculated using Distorted-Wave method. We have applied a linear combination of static potentials of initial aruflinal target states as the final channel distortion potential and the static potential of the initial target state as the initial channel distortion potential. The wave functions used in this model are the multi zeta and the double zeta Hartree-Fock single electron wave functions. Numerical calculations have been performed using a modified program. The results of this study are compared with experimental and theoretical data available in literature. Incase of sodium, our results predict the near threshold resonance which is observed in the experimental results.
The Incidence of Hyponatraemia and Its Effect on the ECOG Performance Status among Lung Cancer Patients.

CONTEXT Hyponatraemia is one of the common electrolytic disorders which are associated with lung cancer. Hyponatraemia may influence the ECOG performance status at presentation. Also, to the best of our knowledge, we found only limited Indian studies where the ECOG score was correlated with the serum sodium status in lung cancer patients on presentation. AIM To assess the incidence of hyponatraemia among the patients of carcinoma of the lung before putting them into the specific treatment category for cancer and to check the effects on their ECOG performance status. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on 116 consecutive patients of lung cancer during the period from November 2011 to October 2012. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of lung cancer were grouped initially according to their ECOG performance statuses. The serum sodium value of each patient was measured and the hyponatraemic patients were given treatment according to the protocol. The correlation of the ECOG performance status with the serum sodium of the lung cancer patients was measured. To check for any laboratory error in serum sodium, we selected (n = 58) age, sex and socioeconomic matched control patients. RESULTS At presentation 44.8% of the lung cancer patients showed hyponatraemia [52/116]. The ECOG score was significantly poor in the advanced clinical stages (ECOG ≤2 Vs ECOG ≥ 3 in NSCLC cases, χ(2) =11.25, P=. 0008). The ECOG performance status score at admission showed a negative correlation with the serum sodium status which was measured on admission among all the patients (Pearson correlation coefficient = - 0.186). The clinical stage of the lung cancer also showed a positive correlation with the ECOG score at admission in our study (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.295). CONCLUSION Hyponatraemia is not an uncommon condition and it should be suspected and screened in each patient, as it may influence the ECOG performance status score, which serves as an important factor in the prognosis of lung cancer.
Social Capital on Consumer Knowledge-Sharing in Virtual Brand Communities: The Mediating Effect of Pan-Family Consciousness

Literature investigating social capital theory and Chinese family culture suggests that social capital exists in virtual brand communities, bringing convenience to members, contributing to the cultivation of pan-family consciousness, and affecting consumer knowledge-sharing. In this study, we considered members of virtual brand communities as the research subjects, then analyzed the data using SPSS19.0 and AMOS21.0. We showed that network density, shared language, and shared vision of social capital have a positive impact on pan-family consciousness. This, in turn, had a positive influence on knowledge-sharing, thus playing an intermediary role between cognitive capital and consumer knowledge-sharing.
Role of CPNE7 during Amelogenesis and Odontogenesis

i CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES . viii CHAPTER I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 1. Copine-7 (Cpne7), an essential factor on the differentiation of preodontoblasts into odontoblasts . 1 2. Roles in amelogenesis . 2 3. Roles in ciliogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells . 3 4. Rationale and outline of the thesis experiments . 4 CHAPTER II. Dentin sialophosphoprotein expression in enamel is regulated by Copine-7, a preameloblast-derived factor . 5 I. ABSTRACT . 6 I
Humoral and cellular immune responses to proinsulin in adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immunity against pancreatic islet‐derived proteins. The object of this study was to measure antibody and T‐cell responses against proinsulin (PI), an islet‐derived protein, and to map its dominant T‐cell epitopes.
P o S ( C K M 2 0 1 6 ) 0 2 0 Phenomenological and Experimental Developments in Charm Physics : The WG 7 Report from CKM 2016

We present an overview of recent developments in charm physics reported in the Working Group 7 meetings of the CKM 2016 workshop. Progresses in experimental techniques and results were reported by LHCb, Belle, BABAR and BESIII along with projections for the future. Developments were also reported in the phenomenological extraction of both direct and indirect CP violation asymmetries from data in two-, threeand four-body hadronic decays of the D mesonic system.
Physical therapists' perceptions of factors influencing the acquisition of motor abilities of children with cerebral palsy: implications for clinical reasoning.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Evidence supporting factors predicting motor change for children with cerebral palsy is minimal. A consensus exercise using focus groups and survey methods was conducted to identify factors perceived to affect the acquisition of basic motor abilities among children with cerebral palsy from the time of diagnosis to 7 years of age. SUBJECTS Fifty-seven physical therapists participated in one of 12 focus groups, and 60 physical therapists participated in a follow-up questionnaire survey via mail. METHODS The nominal group technique was used to conduct the focus groups. RESULTS Participants reached consensus about 12 factors in 4 constructs, which we called: (1) primary impairments (muscle tone/movement patterns, distribution of involvement, balance, and sensory impairment), (2) secondary impairments (range of motion/joint alignment, force production, health, and endurance), (3) personality characteristics (motivation), and (4) family factors (support to child, family expectations, and support to family). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The recognition of potential determinants of motor change could assist in the clinical reasoning that physical therapists use when planning interventions for children with cerebral palsy. Participants identified a set of variables, some of which are found in the literature, that can provide foundation knowledge for decision making and research on factors that bring about change in motor ability among children with cerebral palsy.
Functional Mapping of the Lectin Activity Site on the β-Prism Domain of Vibrio cholerae Cytolysin

Background: Vibrio cholerae cytolysin is a pore-forming toxin with lectin-like activity. Results: β-Prism domain mediates the lectin activity, which determines efficient membrane binding and modulates membrane oligomerization of the toxin. Conclusion: β-Prism domain-mediated lectin activity acts to play critical regulatory role in the mode of action of the toxin. Significance: The study elucidates novel implications of the β-Prism domain-mediated lectin activity. Vibrio cholerae cytolysin (VCC) is a prominent member in the family of β-barrel pore-forming toxins. It induces lysis of target eukaryotic cells by forming transmembrane oligomeric β-barrel channels. VCC also exhibits prominent lectin-like activity in interacting with β1-galactosyl-terminated glycoconjugates. Apart from the cytolysin domain, VCC harbors two lectin-like domains: the β-Trefoil and the β-Prism domains; however, precise contribution of these domains in the lectin property of VCC is not known. Also, role(s) of these lectin-like domains in the mode of action of VCC remain obscure. In the present study, we show that the β-Prism domain of VCC acts as the structural scaffold to determine the lectin activity of the protein toward β1-galactosyl-terminated glycoconjugates. Toward exploring the physiological implication of the β-Prism domain, we demonstrate that the presence of the β-Prism domain-mediated lectin activity is crucial for an efficient interaction of the toxin toward the target cells. Our results also suggest that such lectin activity may act to regulate the oligomerization ability of the membrane-bound VCC toxin. Based on the data presented here, and also consistent with the existing structural information, we propose a novel mechanism of regulation imposed by the β-Prism domain's lectin activity, implicated in the process of membrane pore formation by VCC.
Vocal behavior of black‐fronted titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons): Acoustic properties and behavioral contexts of loud calls

Loud calls can be heard over long distances due to their high amplitude and low frequency. These calls are commonly used for both within‐ and between‐group communication in many bird and primate species. In the Neotropics, mated pairs of socially monogamous titi monkeys (genus Callicebus) emit conspicuous, coordinated loud calls. These vocalizations appear to play a role in territorial defense, a hypothesis derived from studies of only three of the 31 recognized Callicebus species. Here, we describe the acoustic properties and organization of the loud calls of black‐fronted titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons). We compare the behavioral and ecological contexts associated with these vocalizations to investigate their role in within‐ and between‐group communication, resource defense, and mate defense. Black‐fronted titi monkeys create loud calls by combining a finite number of syllables to form more complex phrases, which are assembled to compose long sequences of loud calls. Bioacoustic features distinguish the loud calls used in different contexts, involving communication within‐ and between‐groups. We found support for the hypothesis that vocalizations used for between‐group communication are cooperative displays used by the mated pair and other group members to regulate access to important food resources, such as fruits. On the other hand, we only found weak support for the mate defense hypothesis. Am. J. Primatol. 76:788–800, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CYCLOSPORINE—RELATIONSHIP OF SIDE EFFECTS TO MODE OF ACTION

Although cyclosporine has high specificity for the immune system, immunosuppressive therapy with CsA is often complicated by nephrotoxicity. The main morphologic targets of CsA nephrotoxicity include the tubular epithelial and endothelial cells. These cells were investigated in vitro. CsA caused a dose‐ and time‐dependent inhibition of cell growth, vacuolization and fatty change in adherent cells, detachment, and cell death. Inhibition of 3H‐TdR incorporation in cells of both tubular epithelial and endothelial origin occurred between 3 &mgr;M and 10 &mgr;M. Electron microscopy studies revealed cellular swelling, dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum, and the presence of lipid droplets and giant mitochondria. The content of the main CsA‐binding protein, cyclophilin, in these cell‐lines was 5‐10 &mgr;g/mg protein and did not differ in various cell lines, including T cells. Immunohistochemistry using rabbit anticyclophilin antibody revealed diffuse distribution of cyclophilin in the cytosol, nuclear membrane, and nucleolus. Whereas lymphoid cell functions are inhibited at 10‐100 nM, CsA had no effect on tubular epithelial and endothelial cells at these concentrations. At concentrations of 3‐10 &mgr;M, CsA caused growth inhibition and cytotoxicity on cells of lymphoid and nonlymphoid origin. Present evidence shows little, if any, relationship of side‐effects to the mode of action of CsA.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is a major stress-regulated gene: Implications for stress-induced thrombosis in aged individuals

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is one of the primary inhibitors of the fibrinolytic system and has been implicated in a variety of thrombotic disorders. In this report, stress-induced changes in murine PAI-1 gene expression were investigated to study the role of this inhibitor in the development of stress-induced hypercoagulability. Restraint stress led to a dramatic induction of plasma PAI-1 antigen and of tissue PAI-1 mRNA with maximum induction in adipose tissues. In situ hybridization analysis of the stressed mice revealed that strong signals for PAI-1 mRNA were localized to hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelial cells, adrenomedullar chromaffin cells, neural cells in the paraaortic sympathetic ganglion, vascular smooth muscle cells, and adipocytes, but not to endothelial cells. These observations indicate that the stress induces the PAI-1 gene expression in a tissue-specific and cell type-specific manner. The induction of PAI-1 mRNA by restraint stress was greater than that observed for heat shock protein, a typical stress protein, suggesting that PAI-1 is one of the most highly induced stress proteins. Importantly, the magnitude of induction of PAI-1 mRNA by stress increased markedly with age, and this increase in PAI-1 correlated with tissue thrombosis in the older stressed mice. Moreover, much less tissue thrombosis was induced by restraint stress in young and aged PAI-1-deficient mice compared with age-matched wild-type mice. These results suggest that the large induction of PAI-1 by stress increases the risk for thrombosis in the older populations, and that the adipose tissue may be involved.
Maize (Zea mays L.) seedling leaf nuclear proteome and differentially expressed proteins between a hybrid and its parental lines

To better understand the underlying molecular basis of leaf development in maize, a reference map of nuclear proteins in basal region of seedling leaf was established using a combination of 2DE and MALDI‐TOF‐MS. In total, 441 reproducible protein spots in nuclear proteome of maize leaf basal region were detected with silver staining in a pH range of 3–10, among which 203 spots corresponding to 163 different proteins were identified. As expected, proteins implicated in RNA and protein‐associated functions were overrepresented in nuclear proteome. Remarkably, a high percentage (10%) of proteins was identified to be involved in cell division and growth. In addition, comparative nuclear proteomic analysis in leaf basal region of highly heterotic hybrid Mo17/B73 and its parental lines was also performed and 52 of 445 (11.69%) detected protein spots were differentially expressed between the hybrid and its parental lines, among which 16 protein spots displayed nonadditively expressed pattern. These results indicated that hybridization between two parental lines can cause changes in the expression of a variety of nuclear proteins, which may be responsible for the observed leaf size heterosis.
Noninvasive measures of blood volume and oxygen saturation of human Achilles tendon by red laser lights

Aim: Spectroscopic measurement using near‐infrared spectroscopy and red laser lights was performed to investigate the blood volume (total haemoglobin; THb) and oxygen saturation (oxygenated haemoglobin saturation; StO2) of the human Achilles tendon during single and repetitive isometric contractions.