Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Host-Symbiont Relationships in Hydrothermal Vent Gastropods of the Genus Alviniconcha from the Southwest Pacific

ABSTRACT Hydrothermal vent gastropods of the genus Alviniconcha are unique among metazoans in their ability to derive their nutrition from chemoautotrophic γ- and ε-proteobacterial endosymbionts. Although host-symbiont relationships in Alviniconcha gastropods from the Central Indian Ridge in the Indian Ocean and the Mariana Trough in the Western Pacific have been studied extensively, host-symbiont relationships in Alviniconcha gastropods from the Southwest Pacific remain largely unknown. Phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences of host gastropods from the Manus, North Fiji, and Lau Back-Arc Basins in the Southwest Pacific has revealed a new host lineage in a Alviniconcha gastropod from the Lau Basin and the occurrence of the host lineage Alviniconcha sp. type 2 in the Manus Basin. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of bacterial endosymbionts, two γ-proteobacterial lineages and one ε-proteobacterial lineage were identified in the present study. The carbon isotopic compositions of the biomass and fatty acids of the gastropod tissues suggest that the γ- and ε-proteobacterial endosymbionts mediate the Calvin-Benson cycle and the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, respectively, for their chemoautotrophic growth. Coupling of the host and symbiont lineages from the three Southwest Pacific basins revealed that each of the Alviniconcha lineages harbors different bacterial endosymbionts belonging to either the γ- or ε-Proteobacteria. The host specificity exhibited in symbiont selection provides support for the recognition of each of the host lineages as a distinct species. The results from the present study also suggest the possibility that Alviniconcha sp. types 1 and 2 separately inhabit hydrothermal vent sites approximately 120 m apart in the North Fiji Basin and 500 m apart in the Manus Basin.
Frequency of loss of heterozygosity at 3 p, 9 p, 13 q, and 17 p is related to proliferative activity in smokers with stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND Tumor cells of lung cancer exhibit genetic abnormalities as well as high proliferative activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of genetic abnormalities and smoking status, histological type, and tumor proliferative activity in resected samples of stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We evaluated 126 samples of stage I NSCLC from patients who underwent complete resection between 1988 and 1993. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was assessed using primers that amplified polymorphic microsatellite markers at D3S1300, D3S643, D3S1317, D9S171, IFNA, D13S153, and TP53. Expression of Ki-67 nuclear antigen was examined using immunohistochemical methods to assess tumor proliferative activity. RESULTS The Fractional Regional Loss index (FRL) was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinoma samples than in adenocarcinoma samples (p < 0.0001). In smokers, Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in high-FRL cases was significantly higher than in low-FRL cases (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The frequency of LOH at 3 p, 9 p, 13 q, and 17 p was related to proliferative activity in smokers with stage I non-small cell lung cancer.
Temperature Tolerance of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Free-Living Amoebas

Within tested strains of the genera Naegleria and Acanthamoeba the ability to grow at high temperatures seems directly related to virulence, with nonvirulent strains unable to grow at normal or elevated body temperatures. Outside these genera, nonvirulent Hartmannella and Tetramitus do grow at elevated temperatures, which suggests a barrier to pathogenicity other than temperature sensitivity. The high optimal temperature of pathogenic Naegleria apparently explains previous difficulty in obtaining isolates from the aquatic environment.
Insulating properties of vegetable oils and their blends

Nowadays researches on the viability of using vegetable-or plant-based oils in power transformers are gaining much attention due to the excellent biodegradability and good dielectric properties they possess. However, studies on their long-term ageing properties and improvement on their dielectric properties is still lacking. This paper reports laboratory studies carried out on 5 different vegetable oils and their blends to investigate their dielectric properties during accelerated thermal ageing. The samples were aged for 120 hours and their breakdown voltage, dissipation factor and oxidative stability investigated. The tradition mineral oil was also investigated in the same fashion for comparison purpose. Results revealed that the vegetable oils insignificant decrease in their dielectric properties. Blending of the oils improved their dielectric properties and oxidation stability. This finding thus suggests vegetable oils possess can good electrical performance during service. Furthermore blending of vegetable oils can be an effective way to improve their oxidation stability.
EVALUATION OF THE ADDED RESISTANCE AND SHIP MOTIONS COUPLED WITH SLOSHING USING POTENTIAL FLOW THEORY

Ship added resistance is a steady force of the second order which depends on the ship motions and wave diffraction in short waves. To predict the impact of liquid motions inside the ship hull, a flooded tank in the midship area is generated and the ship response to regular waves is calculated. Currently available mathematical models and numerical tools are used to enable new insights into the sloshing effects of a relatively large free surface of flooded water inside the ship hull. The liquid inside the tank is first considered as a solid body in order to make a distinction between the hydrostatic and the hydrodynamic effect on global ship motions. Source formulation panel method is used and wave loads acting on the ship hull are determined using the near-field formulation. Based on the potential flow theory, the influence of sloshing on the ship motions and added resistance is evaluated to get an insight into this complex hydrodynamic problem. The calculated results are compared with the available experimental data from the literature.
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES IN REDUCING ANXIETY AND PAIN FOR INVASIVE PROCEDURES IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE

The multiple roles that music plays in our life, entertainment, inspiration, development of cognitive skills and improvement of psychomotor and socio-affective abilities extends to therapeutic effects. The physiological effect of music is reducing the level of stress hormones (cortisol and adrenaline) and releasing endorphins with calming and analgesic properties. An invasive medical procedure such as endoscopy, colonoscopy or surgery is a major factor for distress in children. Dental anxiety with a high prevalence in children has numerous negative effects and a proper management is required; non-pharmacological alternative treatments are studied lately. Many studies concluded that music therapy is useful in reducing nervousness and pain, improving blood pressure, cardiovascular parameters and oxygen saturation and in increasing cooperation and tolerance. Music might be successfully used as a non-invasive, non-pharmacological alternative method with multiple benefits and the potential to reduce major effects of invasive medical procedures in children.
ASSESSMENT OF RHYNOCORIS MARGINATUS (FAB.) (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE) AS AUGMENTED CONTROL IN GROUNDNUT PESTS

All the life stages of the reduviid predator Rhynocoris marginatus (Fab.) were released (30, 50 and 70 Days After Seedling Sowing -DAS) into the groundnut field at 5000/hectare. Spodoptera litura (Fab.), Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), Atractomorpha crenulata, Chrotogonous trachypterus, Aphis craccivora, Mylabris pustulata and Mylabris indica were observed during the study period. R.marginatus significantly reduced S.litura(85.89%) followed by H.armigera(67.65%), A.craccivora(46.34%)and A.crenulata and C.trachypterus (42.86%). R.marginatus had no impact on the Mylabris spp. populations observed during the study period. R.marginatus not affect the other predatory fauna such as coccinellids (Menochilus sexmaculatus Fab., Coccinella septumpunctata ) praying mantis, wasp, damselfly (Agriochemis feminafemina Braucer ) and spiders (Lycosa tista Tikader and Hippasa pisaurina Pocock)found in the control and predator released field. Maximum production of groundnut was observed in the predator-released field (1480 Kg/hectare) than the sole crop (1104 Kg/hectare) and the results were statistically significant. Similarly, the net gain and the cost benefit ratio were also the highest in the R.marginatus released groundnut field.
Basic study of the VRT (visual reaction test): The effects of illumination and luminance

The effects of illumination intensity and luminance of a CRT, part of a VRT apparatus, on VRT values were examined. Subjects were 11 males. The VRT values, a CFF value, near point of convergence for fatigue measurement, and pupil diameter of both eyes for dark adaptation were measured. 1. The pupil diameter significantly decreased as the illumination intensity increased. 2. There were no significant differences in CFF value and near point of convergence. 3. VRT values changed significantly with the luminance of the CRT, but did not show significant changes with regard to illumination intensity. 4. It was found that VRT values are not affected by the illumination intensity of a room when the CRT luminance is held constant
Pattern of alcohol consumption among commercial road transport workers in a semi-urban community in south western Nigeria.

OBJECTIVES To determine prevalence and pattern of alcohol use, evaluate the level of awareness of the harmful consequences of drinking, and determine the relationship between alcohol use and some selected factors among commercial road transport workers. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING All the five motor parks spread over Ile-Ife, a semi-urban community in south western Nigeria. RESULTS out of the 403 transport workers, 400 (99.3%) agreed to participate in the study. The questionnaire of one respondent was rejected. The current prevalence rate of alcohol use was 67.2%. Forty seven percent were 'heavy' users; 15.3% 'moderate' users and 37.7% were occasional or 'mild' users. All the users were engaged in the use of commonly available alcoholic beverages in the vicinity of the motor parks. Majority of the respondents (74.5%) reported drinking after work; 13.5% in the mornings; 10.1% when off-duty and 1.9%, during work. Frustrations that are associated with their work topped the list of reasons adduced for drinking. Belonging to lower age groups was significantly associated with current drinking (chi2 = 17.46, df = 3, p < 0.001). The proportions of respondents with unsatisfactory level of awareness regarding the association of current drinking with road traffic accidents, and with physical complications were high. CONCLUSION Current alcohol use and use in a hazardous manner is an important public health problem among commercial road transport workers in Nigeria. There is an urgent need to modify existing legislations or enact new laws on 'driving under the influence' of alcohol, and enforce them.
Primary care validation of a single screening question for drinkers.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct a primary care validation study of a single screening question for alcohol misuse ("When was the last time you had more than X drinks in 1 day? ," where X was four for women and X was five for men), which was previously validated in a study conducted in emergency departments. METHOD This cross-sectional study was accomplished by interviewing 625 male and female adult drinkers who presented to five southeastern primary care practices. Patients answered the single question (coded as within 3 months, within 12 months, ever, or never), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and AUDIT consumption questions (AUDIT-C). Alcohol misuse was defined as either at-risk drinking, identified by a 29-day Timeline Followback interview or a current (past-year) alcohol-use disorder by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria, or both. RESULTS Among 625 drinkers interviewed, 25.6% were at-risk drinkers, 21.7% had a current alcohol- use disorder, and 35.2% had either or both conditions. Considering "within the last 3 months" as positive, the sensitivity of the single question was 80% and the specificity was 74%. Chi-square analyses revealed similar sensitivity across ethnic and gender groups; however, specificity was higher in women and whites (p = .0187 and .0421, respectively). Considering "within the last 12 months" as positive increased the question's sensitivity, especially for those with alcohol-use disorders. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the single alcohol screening question (0.79) was slightly lower than for the AUDIT and AUDIT-C, but sensitivity and specificity were similar. CONCLUSIONS A single question about the last episode of heavy drinking is a sensitive, time-efficient screening instrument that shows promise for increasing alcohol screening in primary care practices.
One Million Posts: A Data Set of German Online Discussions

In this paper we introduce a new data set consisting of user comments posted to the website of a German-language Austrian newspaper. Professional forum moderators have annotated 11,773 posts according to seven categories they considered crucial for the efficient moderation of online discussions in the context of news articles. In addition to this taxonomy and annotated posts, the data set contains one million unlabeled posts. Our experimental results using six methods establish a first baseline for predicting these categories. The data and our code are available for research purposes from https://ofai.github. io/million-post-corpus.
The Research Agenda of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy

In June 2005, the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Research Institute began the important task on behalf of the ACCP to articulate a research agenda. In this context, the ACCP research agenda is meant to define and describe those broad research domains and priority research themes that the ACCP advocates should be pursued through the Research Institute, governmental agencies, or other organizations that support health and/or drug therapy research. This research agenda will provide critical guidance to many of the ACCP’s advocacy, education, and research-related initiatives. This agenda will undergo regular review and update to ensure that its recommendations provide an appropriate level of guidance and that it reflects current and anticipated future needs and directions in clinical pharmacy practice and research.
Pregnancy course and health of children born after ICSI depending on parameters of male factor infertility.

BACKGROUND There is an ongoing debate as to whether the outcome of ICSI is affected by the origin of sperm used or by the severity of male factor infertility. METHODS Data from a multicentric prospective, controlled cohort study in Germany were analysed to look for differences in pregnancy course and outcome following the use of either ejaculated, epididymal or testicular sperm. Pregnancies were recruited before the 16th week of gestation and included only when they were still ongoing in the 16th week of gestation. A total of 2809 pregnancies was originally included in the study. For 2545 pregnancies with 3199 fetuses/children, data of sperm count and origin were available. RESULTS Regarding pregnancy course and complications, there was no influence of the origin of sperm. No higher risk of pre-eclampsia was associated with the use of surgically obtained sperm. The birth data of children were similar between the three groups (ejaculated, epididymal, testicular sperm). The risk of major malformation in abortions, stillbirths, livebirths and induced abortions was not significantly different between the three groups, but these results must be treated with caution because of the low numbers in some groups. Major malformation rates did not depend on the number of sperm in the ejaculate. CONCLUSIONS The course of pregnancy as well as the outcome after ICSI is neither affected by the origin of sperm nor by the number of sperm in the ejaculate.
Target Influences on the Morphology of Trigeminal Axons

Axons grow in two stages: First, they exhibit rapid, target-directed extension; then they begin to collateralize and elaborate terminal arbors in their targets. To investigate possible regulatory influences on these phases of axon growth, we have used an in vitro paradigm in which we cocultured embryonic or postnatal rat trigeminal ganglion explants with isochronic, heterochronic, and/or heterotypic targets. Cultures were fixed after 5 days and ganglion cell processes were labeled with DiI. Trigeminal processes were able to regenerate into several peripheral targets as well as into CNS explants from trigeminal or nontrigeminal regions of the brain. In peripheral tissues, the processes showed target-specific growth patterns. In CNS tissue, the type of growth (unbranched extension versus collateralization/arbor formation) varied markedly with the explant age: If trigeminal ganglia were harvested at a time (E15) when their axons would be elongating in the embryo and cocultured with isochronic tissues, their processes had a simple morphology, were loosely bundled, and reconstituted a distinct fiber tract, mimicking their in vivo growth pattern. If, challenged by more mature tissue, axons of E15 ganglion cells formed discrete arbors. Finally, if trigeminal ganglia were harvested at an age (E20, PND 5) when their axons had already formed arbors in the brain and induced to innervate younger (E15) targets, their axons reverted back to the elongation stage. These results demonstrate that the target environment sets specific, developmentally regulated constraints on the patterns of growth manifested by primary sensory axons.
Assessing and comparing the outcome measures for the rehabilitation of adults with communication disorders in randomised controlled trials: an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health approach

Purpose. To identify the assessment instruments and relevant outcome measures used in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) relating to interventions for adults with communication disorders, and then examine and compare the domains of the outcome measures using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a reference tool. Method. Published RCTs with primary focus on the effectiveness of rehabilitation for adults with communication disorders were systematically reviewed. Identified RCTs were examined for all the assessments used as outcome measures. Distinctions were made between the use of standardised assessment tools and non-standardised empirical measures. The key concepts examined by the outcome measures were then linked to the ICF using the established ICF linking rules. Results. The systematic review included 24 RCTs in which 11 trials used non-standardised empirical assessment as the outcome measure, and 18 trials included standardised instruments as the outcome measure. It is clear that all the identified items and meaningful concepts from the assessment used in the included studies can be linked to the ICF categories. Of the 108 linked level-two ICF categories, 53%% were linked to ‘body functions’, 36%% to ‘activity and participation’ and 9%% to ‘environmental factors’. Conclusions. A wide range of outcome measures have been used in RCTs of interventions for adults with communications disorders. The ICF provides a clarifying framework for systematically gathering and examining the information about the content of outcome measures and then can be used as a common reference to identify and compare the domains of the outcome measures. The high proportion of elements relating to body functions raises some questions about the purpose and aims of the interventions.
The Evolution of Femoral Shaft Plating Technique

There has been an evolution in the AO/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation plating technique during the past 3 decades that includes the use of longer plates and fewer plate screws, fewer lag screws outside the plate, fewer unicortical screws at the plate periphery, and greater use of the 95° blade plate to achieve balanced fixation of proximal and distal shaft fractures. These changes reflect an evolving technique of plate osteosynthesis that emphasizes indirect reduction techniques, biologic internal fixation, and improved biomechanics. Outcome data suggest that there has been an improvement with time that is reflected by shorter time to union, a decrease in the frequency of implant failures, delayed unions, nonunions, malunions, number of reoperations, and in overall rate of failure. The best predictor of success was the length of plate by logistic regression analysis. With the evolution of plating techniques and a greater emphasis on biology of fracture healing, the incidence of complications and failures has decreased after femoral shaft plating. Plate osteosynthesis of the femoral shaft is particularly advantageous in many situations and can be quite successful (87% success rate in Group III).
Anti-inflammatory effects of Nelumbo leaf extracts and identification of their metabolites

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Nelumbo leaves have been used in traditional medicine to treat bleeding, gastritis, hemorrhoids, and halitosis. However, their mechanisms have not been elucidated. MATERIALS/METHODS The present study prepared two Nelumbo leaf extracts (NLEs) using water or 50% ethanol. Inflammatory response was induced with LPS treatment, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) productions were assessed. To determine the anti-inflammatory mechanism of NLEs, we measured nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. Major metabolites of NLEs were also analyzed and quantified. RESULTS NLEs effectively reduced the expression and productions of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2, and NO. NLEs also reduced NF-κB activity by inhibiting inhibitor of NF-κB phosphorylation. Both extracts contained catechin and quercetin, bioactive compounds of NLEs. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we showed that NLEs could be used to inhibit NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. In addition, our data support the idea that NLEs can ameliorate disease conditions involving chronic inflammation.