Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title Page Selective enhancement of alcohol aversion by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor drugs

The prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) has steadily increased in the United States over the last 30 years. Alcohol acts on multiple receptor systems including the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are known to mediate alcohol consumption and reward. We previously reported that the preclinical drug sazetidine-A, a nAChR agonist, reduces alcohol consumption without affecting nicotine consumption in C57BL/6J mice. Here, we found that sazetidine-A enhances alcohol aversion without affecting the expression or acquisition of conditioned alcohol reward in C57BL/6J mice. Microinjection of sazetidine-A into the ventral midbrain targeting the ventral tegmental area (VTA) reduced binge alcohol consumption, implicating the neurocircuitries in this region in mediating the effects of sazetidine-A. Furthermore, sazetidine-A-induced reduction in alcohol consumption was mediated by non-α4 containing nAChRs, as sazetidine-A reduced binge alcohol consumption in both α4 knock-out and wild-type mice. Finally, we found that in mice pre-treated with sazetidine-A, alcohol induced Fos transcript within Th-expressing but not Gad2-expressing neurons in the VTA as measured by increased Fos transcript expression. In summary, we have identified a previously unknown role for non-α4 nAChRs in alcohol aversion that likely mediates the reduction in alcohol consumption induced by sazetidine-A. Elucidating the identity of non-α4 nAChRs in alcohol aversion mechanisms will provide a better understanding the complex role of nAChRs in alcohol addiction and potentially reveal novel drug targets to treat AUDs.
Blended Films of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Papaya Peel (CMCp) and Corn Starch

Cellulose was extracted from papaya peels by NaOH and then modified by reacting with chloroacetic acid to obtain carboxymenthyl cellulose from the papaya peel (CMCp). Infrared (IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate changes in the functional group of the product obtained at carboxymethylation. A carbonyl peak (C=O) at 1600 cm -1 , the –CH2 peak at 1420 cm -1 and the ether peak (-O-) at 1060 cm -1 on the IR spectra of CMCp increased substantially. The effect of corn starch content on the mechanical properties (tensile strength and %elongation) and water vapor permeability (WVP) of blended films of CMCp and corn starch was investigated. The addition of corn starch in the blended film resulted in an increase in tensile strength but a decrease in %elongation. The weight ratio for CMCp to corn starch of 25:75 gave the maximum tensile strength. This ratio was used to investigate the effect of plasticizer (glycerol) content on the mechanical properties and water vapor permeability (WVP). When glycerol was added to the blended films, the tensile strength decreased, but %elongation and WVP increased.
Southeast Asian Press Coverage of Terrorism and the Bali Bombing

The war against terrorism is being carried out not only in Afghanistan where it was first declared but also in the media around the world. Southeast Asia became a focus of international attention after the U.S. administration identified the region as the second front in the fight against terrorism following the attacks in the United States on 11 September 2001. The perception that the region is a cradle for terrorism was reinforced by the Bali bombing in October 2002. The event was the first major terrorist attack after 11 September, and the worst act of violence against foreigners in Indonesia, a country that has been under continuous international pressure to be decisive in the fight against terrorism. Although the media can function as the source of people's information, it can provide interpretations of the social construction of ideas and images. Like the media in all parts of the world, the media in Southeast Asia function within some form of governmental, societal, and economic constraints. Journalists are encouraged to support their governments' efforts to develop the nation and instil a sense of national identity. In such a setting journalists, consciously or not, end up not only reflecting but also spreading the dominant view of the society's elite. This transnational comparative study involving three mainstream English-language newspapers from Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore examines the reportage of the Bali bombing.
Farmers’ Willingness to Accept Compensation to Maintain the Benefits of Urban Forests

The Returning Farmland to Forest Program (RFFP) was implemented in China in 1999 with the goal of supporting environmental restoration by returning significant areas of cultivated land to forest. While afforestation supports long-term ecosystem services like carbon sequestration and the reduction of soil and water loss, it also reduces the amount of available arable land, putting financial pressure on those who depend on it for their livelihoods. In an effort to balance both ecological and economic benefits, regional governments offer financial compensation to farmers to offset these pressures in the form of a dollar amount per hectare of reforested land. The current study explores participants’ willingness to accept pay (WTA), along with the difference between the offered per hectare compensation and the amount deemed acceptable by RFFP participants in the region. To this end, 92 households from the representative afforestation area were surveyed in Huining County, Gansu Province, China - an area of strategic ecological importance in the Loess Plateau. The results showed 12.0% of the surveyed respondents to be satisfied with the current compensation policy, while 88.0% of respondents were not. The respondents’ lower and upper WTA limits were $221/ha/year and $1331/ha/year, respectively, with an average WTA of $777/ha/year. The compensation that respondents would be most willing to accept was distributed in the $444–888/ha/year and the $889–1331/ha/year ranges, accounting for 37.0% and 31.5% of the total responses, respectively. Gender, age, and education were found to be the main factors influencing a respondents’ WTA. Results of the survey suggest that the actual compensation amount ($355/ha/year) is much lower than respondents’ WTA, and that compensation measures and policies should be improved to guarantee a basic income.
On-Soil Movement and Plant Colonization by Walking Wingless Morphs of Three Aphid Species (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Greenhouse Arenas

Abstract Potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas); green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer); and buckthorn aphid, Aphis nasturtii Kaltenbach are polyphagous herbivores that commonly colonize potato plants, Solanum tuberosum L. , in the northeastern United States and Canada. Their movement influences spatial and temporal patterns of viral spread within potato fields. We investigated aphid movement between potato plants early in the season, with a particular focus on their ability to walk over bare soil. On average, aphids survived 1.16 ± 0.04 d (mean ± SE) on the surface of bare soil; all of them dying within 3 d. Wingless aphids did not leave potato plants that were adequate as a food supply. When forcibly removed from the host plant and released on the soil surface, all three species colonized the nearest plant within 1 h. However, when given no other choice, a significant proportion of aphids was fully capable of colonizing potato plants as far as 180 cm away from the point of release. Potato aphid, which is the largest, was the most mobile of the three species. The green peach aphid was intermediately mobile, and the buckthorn aphid was the least mobile species.
Colonization resistance and establishment success along gradients of functional and phylogenetic diversity in experimental plant communities

Functional and phylogenetic diversity (FD and PD respectively) of the resident community are expected to exert a key role in community resistance to colonization by surrounding species, and their establishment success. However, few studies have explored this topic experimentally or evaluated the interactive effects of these diversity measures. We implemented a diversity experiment to disentangle the role of FD and PD by sowing mixtures of 6 species, drawn from a pool of 19 species naturally coexisting in central European mesic meadows. The mixtures were designed to cover four independent combinations of high and low FD and PD. Species covers were estimated in spring and late summer over two growing seasons. We then assessed the establishment success of colonizers as a function of their mean traits and phylogenetic distance to the resident (i.e. sown) communities, as well as the resistance of the resident communities to natural colonizers as a function of their functional and phylogenetic structure. Results generally indicated a temporal shift regarding which trait values made a colonizer successful, from an acquisitive strategy in early stages to a more conservative trait syndrome in later stages. FD decreased community resistance to natural colonization. However, PD tempered this effect: with high PD, FD was not significant, suggesting complementary information between these two components of biodiversity. On average, colonizing species were more functionally distant from the resident species in sown communities with high functional diversity, i.e. those that were more colonized. Synthesis. Our results confirm an interplay between FD and PD during community assembly processes, namely resistance to colonizers, suggesting that these two descriptors of biodiversity only partially overlap in their contribution to the overall ecological structure of a community. The hypothesis that higher FD increases resistance through a more complete use of resources was challenged. Results rather suggested that greater FD could provide an unsaturated functional trait space allowing functionally unique species to occupy it.
Functional annotation of mouse mutations in embryonic stem cells using expression profiling

Expression profiling offers a potential high-throughput phenotype screen for mutant mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We have assessed the ability of expression arrays to distinguish among heterozygous mutant ES cell lines and to accurately reflect the normal function of the mutated genes. Two ES cell lines hemizygous for overlapping regions of mouse chromosome 5 differed substantially from the wildtype parental and from each other. Expression differences included frequent downregulation of hemizygous genes and downstream effects on genes mapping to other chromosomes. Some genes were affected similarly in each deletion line, consistent with the overlap of the deletions. To determine whether such downstream effects reveal pathways impacted by a mutation, we examined ES cell lines heterozygous for mutations in either of two well-characterized genes. A heterozygous mutation in the cell cycle regulator, cyclin D kinase 4 ( Cdk4 ), affected expression of many genes involved in cell growth and proliferation. A heterozygous mutation in the ATP binding cassette transporter family A, member 1 ( Abca1 ) gene altered genes associated with lipid homeostasis, the cytoskeleton, and vesicle trafficking. Heterozygous Abca1 mutation had similar effects in liver, indicating that ES cell expression profile reflects changes in fundamental processes relevant to mutant gene function in multiple cell types.
Zeolites versus Lead Toxicity

The workers in metal industry as well as the people inhabiting industrially polluted regions are Health hazard groups regarding the development of chronic heavy metal intoxication. Different means could be used to correct, at least partly, the consequences of such intoxication. However, the best substances for treatment are those that can prevent the metals entering in the blood. In case, metals enter in the organism through the digestive tract, zeolites are the most suitable means for trapping of metal ions. The substantial role of the clinoptilolite as a factor essentially reducing Pb bioaccumulation is considered in an experiment with small mammals chronically exposed to lead. As a feed additive, clinoptilolites have been used so far in poultry and livestock to positively influence feces consistency, reduce diarrhea, bound mycotoxins and aflatoxins, and allow better performance of intestinal microflora. The present work is the first study of the effect of clinoptilolite, used as a food supplement, in conditions of Pb intoxication. Modified clinoptilolite KLS-10-MA was prepared and applied as food-additive in laboratory inbred ICR line mice, chosen as experimental animals. In the experiment the degree of the positive effect of this sorbent in the reduction of Pb bioaccumulation was explored. Evidences that clinoptilolite is practically non-toxic substance were presented. A mathematical model of Pb bioaccumulation in exposed and exposed-supplemented animals was proposed. Such investigations are important for human and veterinary medicine, pharmacy and for the explanation of some biological and chemical problems. The authors hope that the obtained results could help in further efforts to create drugs based on clinoptilolite sorbents. An application of such drugs could be of great importance for human and animals in regions that are industrially polluted with heavy metals, and particularly with Pb, in order to protect the organisms as well as the quality of the environment.
Computational evidence on the distributive properties of monetary policy

Abstract Empirical studies have pointed out that monetary policy may significantly affect income and wealth inequality. To investigate the distributive properties of monetary policy the authors resort to an agent-based macroeconomic model where firms, households and one bank interact on the basis of limited information and adaptive rules-of-thumb. Simulations show that the model can replicate fairly well a number of stylized facts, especially those relative to the business cycle. The authors address the issue using three types of computational experiments, including a global sensitivity analysis carried out through a novel methodology which greatly reduces the computational burden of simulations. The result emerges that a more restrictive monetary policy increases inequality, even though this effect may differ across groups of households. In addition, it appears to be attenuated if the bank’s willingness to lend is lower. The overall analysis suggests that inequality can constitute valuable information also for central banks.
Identifikasi Komentar Spam Pada Instagram

Spam on Instagram (IG) is generally a comment that is considered as irritating because it does not relate to the photos or videos which were commented. Spam on comment section can cause some negative impacts such as making it difficult to follow the discussion on the posted status and making someone’s photo or video looks very popular, commented by a lot of followers despite the fact that most of the comments are actually spam. This research tries to build a model that can identify spam comments on IG. The comment on IG is in text format, so in this research, we use text processing methods. We use Support Vector Machine (SVM) for spam identification. The comment data used in this study were collected from Indonesian actors and artists who are the most followed accounts in IG. We have tested the spam identification model using SVM method resulted in 78.49% of accuracy. This result is better than the baseline model using NB method (77.25%). This research also tested some of the different training data proportions and SVM remains better than NB. Another result of this research are some adaptations needed for preprocessing and stemming stages that must be customized to support Unicode characters and unique symbols that commonly found in IG comments section.
CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH FREQUENCY WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTS USING CST

This report discusses different waveguide components using a simulation software CST. It includes the characterization of rectangular probes which are used for near-field measurements, and a coupling hole which is equivalent to a circular waveguide in order to measure the amount of power circulating in a travelling wave resonator. It also analyzes radiation from a circular waveguide with a baffle which is excited in the TE02 mode which is used in high-power, high frequency applications.
A comparison of Nordic Red, Holstein-Friesian and Finnish native cattle bulls for beef production and carcass traits

The objective of this study was to determine beef production traits of purebred Nordic Red (NR), Holstein-Friesian (Hol), Eastern Finncattle (EF), Northern Finncattle (NF) and Western Finncattle (WF) bulls. The data collected from slaughterhouses included observations of 164 862 NR, 87 323 Hol, 283 EF, 523 NF and 1 728 WF bulls. For estimating valuable cuttings also a separate dataset was collected including observations of 16 036 NR, 8 806 Hol, 18 EF, 126 NF, and 133 WF bulls. NR and Hol had the highest carcass gain (532 and 542 g d-1, respectively). Overall, the data showed poorer gain of the Finnish native breeds compared to NR and Hol. Among the native breeds, WF (427 g d-1) showed better growth compared to EF (356 g d-1) and NF (385 g d-1). Less differences were observed in valuable cuttings as might be inferred based on the differences in carcass conformation scores.
Comparison of ambient aerosol extinction coe ffi cients obtained from in-situ , MAX-DOAS and LIDAR measurements at

P. Zieger, E. Weingartner, J. Henzing, M. Moerman, G. de Leeuw, J. Mikkilä, M. Ehn, T. Petäjä, K. Clémer, M. van Roozendael, S. Yilmaz, U. Frieß, H. Irie, T. Wagner, R. Shaiganfar, S. Beirle, A. Apituley, K. Wilson, and U. Baltensperger Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3508 Utrecht, The Netherlands Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate Change Unit, Erik Palmenin Aukio 1, 00101 Helsinki, Finland University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Reliability Analysis of Random Fuzzy Unrepairable Systems

The lifetimes of components in unrepairable systems are considered as random fuzzy variables since randomness and fuzziness are often merged with each other. Then we establish the fundamental mathematical models of random fuzzy unrepairable systems, including series systems, parallel systems, series-parallel systems, parallel-series systems, and cold standby systems with absolutely reliable conversion switches. Furthermore, the expressions of reliability and mean time to failure (MTTF) are given for the above five random fuzzy unrepairable systems, respectively. Finally, numerical examples are given to show the application in a lighting lamp system and a hi-fi system.
Does folk dancing make Hungarians? Táncház , folk dance as mother tongue, and folk national cultivation

This paper, based on participant research amongst folk revivalists, interviews with cultural managers, and extensive archival research, discusses the tanchaz (dance house) folk revival movement as the actualization of interwar efforts of “folk national cultivation” in Hungary. By putting the dance house in relationship with interwar folk critiques, the paper illustrates both continuities and discontinuities between them, most notably in conceptualizations of the relationship between the ethical or political roles of such critiques and of the folk itself. The paper argues that folk critiques, now and then, can play an important role in state formation by reproducing the folk and acting to secure its citizenship. Nevertheless, how the folk is defined is historically determined, as is the kind of citizenship entailed. Since folk national cultivation is premised on the idea that Hungarianness is produced through engagement with the folk and its traditions, the historical approach of this paper problematizes t.
Adult learners' motivation to participate and perception of online and blended environments

Adult learners are an important segment of learners in online or blended learning (OBL) environments. But at the same time, this group is very heterogeneous with regard to (1) the digital skills which are diverse due to different ages or previous educational opportunities and can lead to different perceptions of working in OBL environments, and (2) the motives to enroll and persist in adult education which can be influenced by previous work and life experiences. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the learner diversity by applying the self-determination theory (SDT) of Deci and Ryan (2000) in order to explore their motives to participate in adult education. Next, this study also examined the perceptions of learners to learn in OBL environments. Qualitative content analysis was conducted on nine semi-structured interviews. The participants were adult learners enrolled in an OBL program in an adult education center in Flanders, Belgium. The adult learners indicate that the face-to-face moments are highly valued because they can learn more and better this way. However, sometimes they prefer distance moments since the content can sometimes be learned independently. Furthermore, the participants agreed on the practical benefits of OBL and the difficulty of working in groups, and provided tips to be successful in OBL environments. Regarding the motives to enroll and persist in adult education, the adult learners generally participate to be able to continue their current job, to have an alternative job possibility, or because they want a new job. The current study informs institutions and teachers about the motives of adults to participate in adult education and their experienced benefits or challenges in OBL. This is relevant since it gives an indication of components to be attentive to or to work on in online and blended adult education, specifically when trying to meet the needs of the adult learners.
The Analysis of the Gender Wage Gap in the Italian Public Sector: a Quantile Approach for Panel Data

This paper analyzes the gender wage gap in the Italian public sector for the years 2005 - 2010. We find a consistent level of gender wage gaps and an increasing path along the wage distribution. We use quantile regression methods to estimate and decompose the wage gap. The decomposition analysis supports the idea of a glass ceiling mechanism in action. However, the results change dramatically when we take into account the unobserved individual-specific heterogeneity by means of quantile technique for panel data. The evidence of a glass ceilings vanishes and the significant unexplained GWG is almost stable across the distribution.