Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitudes toward artificial intelligence in radiology with learner needs assessment within radiology residency programmes: a national multi-programme survey.

INTRODUCTION We aimed to assess the attitudes and learner needs of radiology residents and faculty radiologists regarding artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in radiology. METHODS A web-based questionnaire, designed using SurveyMonkey, was sent out to residents and faculty radiologists in all three radiology residency programmes in Singapore. The questionnaire comprised four sections and aimed to evaluate respondents' current experience, attempts at self-learning, perceptions of career prospects and expectations of AI/ML curriculum in their residency programme. Respondents' anonymity was ensured. RESULTS A total of 125 respondents (86 male, 39 female; 70 residents, 55 faculty radiologists) completed the questionnaire. The majority agreed that AI/ML will drastically change radiology practice (88.8%) and makes radiology more exciting (76.0%), and most would still choose to specialise in radiology if given a choice (80.0%). 64.8% viewed themselves as novices in their understanding of AI/ML, 76.0% planned to further advance their AI/ML knowledge and 67.2% were keen to get involved in an AI/ML research project. An overwhelming majority (84.8%) believed that AI/ML knowledge should be taught during residency, and most opined that this was as important as imaging physics and clinical skills/knowledge curricula (80.0% and 72.8%, respectively). More than half thought that their residency programme has not adequately implemented AI/ML teaching (59.2%). In subgroup analyses, male and tech-savvy respondents were more involved in AI/ML activities, leading to better technical understanding. CONCLUSION A growing optimism of radiology undergoing technological transformation and AI/ML implementation has led to a strong demand for AI/ML curriculum in residency education.
Total Dietary Intake and Health Risks Associated with Exposure to Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A and Fuminisins of Children in Lao Cai Province, Vietnam

The health burden of foodborne mycotoxins is considerable, but particularly for children due to their lower detoxification capacity, rapid growth and high intake of food in proportion to their weight. Through a Total Dietary Study approach, the objective was to estimate the dietary exposure and health risk caused by mycotoxins for children under 5 years living in the Lao Cai province in northern Vietnam. A total of 40 composite food samples representing 1008 individual food samples were processed and analyzed by ELISA for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and fumonisins. Results showed that dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and total fumonisins were 118.7 ng/kgbw/day, 52.6 ng/kg bw/day and 1250.0 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. Using a prevalence of hepatitis of 1%, the risk of liver cancer related to exposure of aflatoxin B1 was 12.1 cases/100,000 individual/year. Age-adjusted margin of exposure (MOE) of renal cancer associated with ochratoxin A was 127, while MOE of liver cancer associated with fumonisins was 542. Antropometric data show that 50.4% (60/119) of children were stunted, i.e. height/length for age z-scores (HAZ) below –2, and 3.4% (4/119) of children were classified as wasted, i.e. weight for height z-scores (WHZ) below –2. A significant negative relationship between dietary exposure to individual or mixture of mycotoxins and growth of children was observed indicating that the high mycotoxin intake contributed to stunning in the children studied.
Intake of Some Biological Seeds and Root Extracts of Plants Improves Fertility and Hatchability of Turkey Eggs

An experiment was conducted to determine the fertility and hatchability of eggs laid by Turkey hens fed extracts of okra seed, pumpkin seed and guava root powder for 8 weeks. Twenty four, 32 weeks old turkeys (4 toms and 20 hens) were randomly selected and allotted into four treatment groups; T 1 (No extract or feed supplementation); T 2 (50 ml okra seeds extracts/ litre of water); T 3 (50 ml guava root extract/ litre of water) and T 4 (50 g pumpkin seed powder/kg of feed). Turkey hens were subjected to artificial insemination and eggs laid in the period were collected and determined for fertility and hatchability. Total and weekly egg production of hens was higher (P 0.05). The findings concluded that feeding okra and pumpkin seed extracts to breeder turkey hens can improves the fertility and hatchability of the eggs
ORGANIC SOLVENT RESISTANCE MECHANISMS IN RHODOCOCCUS sp

Crude oil extraction, transportation and storage facilities are frequently the source of soil and water pollution in Romania. Rhodococcus sp. Po4 showed good tolerance to both 1 % (v/v) alkanes (cyclohexane, nhexane, n-decane) and aromatics (toluene, styrene, ethylbenzene) with log POW (logarithm of the partition coefficient of the solvent in n-octanol-water mixture) values between 2.64 and 5.98. However, 1 % (v/v) alkanes were less toxic for Rhodococcus sp. Po4 cells, compared with 1 % (v/v) aromatics. The high organic solvent tolerance of Rhodococcus sp. Po4 could be due to the presence in their large genome of some catabolic and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase genes. In addition, Rhodococcus sp. Po4 exhibits potential to synthesize carotenoid pigments which can improve the cell membrane impermeability to toxic organic solvents.
Use of gallium‐68 prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron‐emission tomography for detecting lymph node metastases in primary and recurrent prostate cancer and location of recurrence after radical prostatectomy: an overview of the current literature

To review the literature to determine the sensitivity and specificity of gallium‐68 prostate‐specific membrane antigen (68Ga‐PSMA) positron‐emission tomography (PET) for detecting pelvic lymph node metastases in patients with primary prostate cancer (PCa), and the positive predictive value in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after initial curative treatment, and, in addition, to determine the detection rate and management impact of 68Ga‐PSMA PET in patients with BCR after radical prostatectomy (RP).
A better welfare for nursing sows without increased piglet loss applying peri-parturition short term crating

Abstract. A housing for nursing sows is presented that allows the animals to move within the pen for most of the time until weaning of the piglets and thus increases welfare. Ten days before farrowing was expected the sows (n = 80) were stalled to Scan farrowing pens without restriction. They were allowed to move around and to get into contact with their neighbour animals. Three to five days before parturition the sows were confined to farrowing crates until 4–6 days after parturition. At that time the piglets (n = 4075 from 361 litters) reliably visited the heated and protected hiding area. Compared to conventional housing systems for nursing sows we observed no increased piglet loss by crushing. Hence, temporal confinement of the sows around farrowing offers a suitable method to increase well-being without impairing the economic achievement.
Object Detection Based on Fast/Faster RCNN Employing Fully Convolutional Architectures

Modern object detectors always include two major parts: a feature extractor and a feature classifier as same as traditional object detectors. The deeper and wider convolutional architectures are adopted as the feature extractor at present. However, many notable object detection systems such as Fast/Faster RCNN only consider simple fully connected layers as the feature classifier. In this paper, we declare that it is beneficial for the detection performance to elaboratively design deep convolutional networks (ConvNets) of various depths for feature classification, especially using the fully convolutional architectures. In addition, this paper also demonstrates how to employ the fully convolutional architectures in the Fast/Faster RCNN. Experimental results show that a classifier based on convolutional layer is more effective for object detection than that based on fully connected layer and that the better detection performance can be achieved by employing deeper ConvNets as the feature classifier.
Stem Cells from Human Trabecular Meshwork Hold the Potential to Develop into Ocular and Non-Ocular Lineages After Long-Term Storage.

Stem cells from the eye hold a great potential for vision restoration and can also be used for regeneration in other tissues. In this study, we characterized the stem cell properties of Trabecular meshwork stem cells (TMSCs) after long-term cryopreservation (~8 years). TMSCs derived from four donors were examined for their viability and proliferation as well as stem cell marker expression. Spheroid formation, colony formation and multipotency were investigated. We observed that TMSCs were fully viable with variable proliferation ability. They expressed the stem cell markers CD90, CD166, CD105, CD73, OCT4, SSEA4, Notch1, KLF4, ABCG2, Nestin and HNK1 detected by flow cytometry, qPCR or immunofluorescent staining. They could form spheroids and colonies after thawing. All TMSCs were able to differentiate into osteocytes, neural cells and trabecular meshwork (TM) cells but not adipocytes. Differentiated TM cells responded to dexamethasone treatment with increased expression of Myocilin and ANGPTL7. In a nutshell, our study demonstrated that TMSCs retain their stem cell properties after long-term cryopreservation and hence can be an effective cell therapy source for various clinical applications.
Neutral atmosphere temperature trends and variability at 90 km, 70°N, 19°E, 2003-2014

Abstract. Neutral temperatures at 90 km height above Tromso, Norway, have been determined using ambipolar diffusion coefficients calculated from meteor echo fading times using the Nippon/Norway Tromso Meteor Radar (NTMR). Daily temperature averages have been calculated from November 2003 to October 2014 and calibrated against temperature measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on board Aura. Large-scale periodic oscillations ranging from ∼ 9 days to a year were found in the data using Lomb–Scargle periodogram analysis, and these components were used to seasonally detrend the daily temperature values before assessing trends. Harmonic oscillations found are associated with the large-scale circulation in the middle atmosphere together with planetary and gravity wave activity. The overall temperature change from 2003 to 2014 is −2.2 K ± 1.0 K decade−1, while in summer (May–June–July) and winter (November–December–January) the change is −0.3 K ± 3.1 K decade−1 and −11.6 K ± 4.1 K decade−1, respectively. The temperature record is at this point too short for incorporating a response to solar variability in the trend. How well suited a meteor radar is for estimating neutral temperatures at 90 km using meteor trail echoes is discussed, and physical explanations behind a cooling trend are proposed.
Data mining for vortices on the Earth's magnetosphere – algorithm application for detection and analysis

Abstract. Unsteady processes in the solar wind–magnetosphere interaction, such as vortices developed at the magnetopause boundary by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, may contribute to the process of mass, momentum and energy transfer into the Earth's magnetosphere. The research described in this paper validates an algorithm to automatically detect and characterize vortices based on velocity data from simulations. The vortex identification algorithm (VIA) systematically searches the 3-D velocity fields to identify critical points where the magnitude of the velocity vector vanishes. The velocity gradient tensor is computed and its invariants are used to assess vortex structure in the flow field. We use the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) Runs on Request capability to create a series of model runs initialized from the conditions observed by the Cluster mission in the Hwang et al. (2011) analysis of Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices observed during southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. We analyze further the properties of the vortices found in the runs, including the velocity changes within their motion across the magnetosheath. We also demonstrate the potential of our tool to identify and characterize other transient features (e.g., flux transfer events, FTEs) with vortical internal structures. We find that the vortices are associated with flows on the magnetosheath side of the magnetopause that reach speeds greater than the solar wind speed at the bow shock. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (MHD waves and instabilities; solar wind–magnetosphere interactions) – space plasma physics (numerical simulation studies)
Site-specific phosphorylation and caspase cleavage of GFAP are new markers of Alexander disease severity

Alexander disease (AxD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which supports the structural integrity of astrocytes. Over 70 GFAP missense mutations cause AxD, but the mechanism linking different mutations to disease-relevant phenotypes remains unknown. We used AxD patient brain tissue and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes to investigate the hypothesis that AxD-causing mutations perturb key post-translational modifications (PTMs) on GFAP. Our findings reveal selective phosphorylation of GFAP-Ser13 in patients who died young, independently of the mutation they carried. AxD iPSC-astrocytes accumulated pSer13-GFAP in cytoplasmic aggregates within deep nuclear invaginations, resembling the hallmark Rosenthal fibers observed in vivo. Ser13 phosphorylation facilitated GFAP aggregation and was associated with increased GFAP proteolysis by caspase-6. Furthermore, caspase-6 was selectively expressed in young AxD patients, and correlated with the presence of cleaved GFAP. We reveal a novel PTM signature linking different GFAP mutations in infantile AxD.
Plant-Derived Extracts Feed-Addition and Packaging Type Influence Consumer Sensory Perception of Pork

This paper investigates whether the combination of the addition of extracts derived from plants (plants derived extracts, PDE) to pork feedstuff and the meat conservation conditions (packaging and time exposure) affect consumers’ perception of pork quality, studied by means of visual appraisal, purchase intention and a home test. The three PDE groups were control, garlic extract and blended oil composed by carvacrol, timol, cynamic aldehide and eugenol extracts. Meat was packed in film, vacuum or modified atmosphere (MAP) packaging. A visual test was designed comprising a four-day storage step followed by a four-day exposure step in a refrigerated island display case. All studied effects influenced visual appraisal scores, being time exposure and packaging effects more noticeable than PDE or pig-sex effects. Meat from MAP scored higher than the rest. Scores decreased as exposure time increased, but this evolution was less perceptible in vacuum packaging and was faster for meat from the garlic group. Only gender affected the visual appraisal scores, with women scoring higher than men. Neither PDE addition nor pig sex affected to purchase intention whereas both exposure time and packaging type did. A maximum of 2 days of exposure would be recommended. In the home-test, meat from male pigs obtained higher scores than meat from female pigs, and none of the consumer-related effects influenced the given scores.
Wood decomposition by the ‘cord-forming’ fungus Resinicium bicolor: interactive effect of home base size and quality with its surrounding soil composition (Pereputan kayu oleh kulat ‘bebenang’ Resinicium bicolor: kesan saling tindak kualiti dan saiz ‘home base’ dengan komposisi tanah persekitarannya

Wood decomposition by the wood rotting basidiomycete fungus Resinicium bicolor as affected by the wood block size itself (home base), its quality and surrounding soil composition, and their interactive effects were investigated in 24 cm x 24 cm soil tray microcosms. Home base relative decay rate (mg/g/d), final percentage of weight loss and mycelial days to regression were not affected by home base size. Exception was when the home base was very small, ranging from 0.5–2.0 cm3 (as compared to 4–16 cm3) where the relative decay rate and percentage of weight loss decreased with increase in home base size. The absolute decay rate (mg/d) of home base was linearly increased with increasing home base size. Home base quality did not affect its relative decay rate, percentage of weight loss and days to mycelial regression. Soil composition greatly influenced wood decomposition. Increased in soil carbon markedly increased the home base relative decay rate and final percentage of weight loss, and reduced mycelial days to regression. There was no significant interactive effect between home base quality and soil composition. Relationship between home base wood decomposition with mycelial biomass and foraging morphology was discussed. Keywords: wood decomposition; Resinicium bicolor; home base size; home base quality; soil composition; cord-formers; soil carbon
Linking brain structure and activation in anterior insula cortex to explain the trait empathy for pain

The ability to perceive, understand, and react to the feelings of others' pain is referred to as empathy for pain which is composed of two components, affective‐perceptual empathy and cognitive‐evaluative empathy. Recent reviews on the neural mechanisms of empathetic pain showed the anterior insula (AI) cortex as a core circuit for empathy. However, little is known about the modulation of brain anatomy and empathic responses by trait measures of empathy (trait empathy). Thus, we investigated whether individual variation in the personality trait of empathy is associated with individual variation in the structure of specific brain regions using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM). We further investigated the relationship between the trait empathy and the activity of the same regions using state measures of empathy for pain in a trial‐by‐trial fashion in the given situation. VBM analysis indicated a small but significant negative relationship between trait empathy and gray matter volume in the bilateral AI. Functional MRI study further demonstrated that experimentally induced activity of the bilateral AI during state empathy for pain was also correlated with trait empathy. An asymmetry exists between the right and left AI between the affective and cognitive empathy. The right AI was found to be involved in the affective‐perceptual form of empathy and the left AI was active in cognitive‐evaluative forms of empathy. The interindividual differences in trait empathy may be reflected both in the state empathy and more stable brain structure difference.
Export volatility and corporate financing decisions in Australia: a dynamic panel data approach

This paper investigates the influence of export volatility on corporate financing decisions of a sample of non-financial firms listed on the Australian Securities Exchange over the period 2004-2014. The GARCH model is employed to model export volatility. Using a dynamic panel data method, namely the robust two-step system GMM estimation procedure, the results show that export volatility has a significant negative effect on the financing decisions of Australian firms. The results also reveal that while long-term debt is affected by export volatility, similar observation does not hold for short-term debt. This indicates that Australian firms are chiefly concerned about the adverse effect of export volatility in the long-run. The results also provide evidence of the importance of accounting for the effects of the Global Financial Crisis. Policy implications are derived from the findings.
Hypothyroidism is associated with higher testosterone levels in postmenopausal women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

INTRODUCTION There is lack of data about possible interaction of sex hormones and thyroid autoimmunity and function in women after menopause. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate possible association between the occurrence and severity of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a prospective observational clinical study that included 55 women with HT (AllHT) and 18 healthy subjects (HS) after menopause matched by age, body mass index (BMI), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and menopause duration. According to thyrotropin (TSH) level, AllHT patients were divided into two subgroups: euthyroid (EuHT) with TSH in the range 0.355.5 mU/L and hypothyroid (HypoHT) with TSH above 5.5 mU/L. Total and free testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured in all subjects. Values are presented as mean SD. Mann Whitney U test was used for comparison of values between the groups. RESULTS In HypoHT, significantly higher free T levels (7.893.55 pmol/L, p < 0.05) were found in comparison to HS (7.133.03 pmol/L). In HypoHT, free T was significantly higher than in EuHT (7.195.65 pmol/L, p < 0.05). SHBG was significantly lower in HypoHT (45.417.4 nmol/L) compared with HS (60.0919.51 nmol/L, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We report significantly higher free and total T levels in hypothyroid postmenopausal women with HT. To our knowledge, this is the first study of sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women with HT.
Hand Colonization with Gram-Negative Organisms of Healthcare Workers Accessing the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: A Cross-Sectional Study at the Uganda Heart Institute

Background Hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) are vehicles for pathogens responsible for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Following the identification of Gram-negative organisms (GNOs) in all cases of HAIs in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU), we sought to determine the burden of hand colonization with GNOs among healthcare workers who access the cardiac ICU. Methods We retrospectively reviewed results from surveillance cultures of fingertip imprints of HCWs who access the cardiac ICU at the Uganda Heart Institute. We collected data on staff category, isolates, and susceptibility to antibiotics. We analyzed the data using Microsoft Excel, and the results are summarized in proportions and percentages and presented in charts and tables. Results Fifty-six healthcare workers participated in the surveillance. 21 were ICU clinicians, 21 non-ICU clinicians, and 14 nonclinicians. GNOs were cultured in 19 (33.9%) HCWs, in which 8/19 (42.1%) were non-ICU clinicians, 6/19 (31.2%) ICU clinicians, and 5/19 (26.3%) nonclinicians. 32 isolates were identified, of which 47%, 28%, and 25% were cultured from non-ICU clinicians, nonclinicians, and ICU clinicians, respectively. Predominant isolates were Acinetobacter (34%), Citrobacter (21.9%), and Pseudomonas (21.9%). Antimicrobial resistance ranged from 4% to 90%. 9/28 (32.1%) isolates, predominantly Acinetobacter species (spp), were carbapenem resistant. 8/28 (28.6%) isolates, predominantly Citrobacter spp, were multidrug resistant. Resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefepime was low at 3.6% and 4.4%, respectively. Conclusion Gram-negative organisms, predominantly Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, and Pseudomonas spp, were prevalent on the hands of HCWs who access the cardiac ICU irrespective of the staff category. Antimicrobial resistance was high, with multidrug resistance and carbapenem resistance common among Citrobacter spp and Acinetobacter spp, respectively. Resistance to cefepime and ciprofloxacin was low.