Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Curve matching approaches to waveform classification: a case study using ICESat data

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) waveforms are being increasingly used in many forest and urban applications, especially for ground feature classification. However, most studies relied on either discretizing waveforms to multiple returns or extracting shape metrics from waveforms. The direct use of the full waveform, which contains the most comprehensive and accurate information has been scarcely explored. We proposed to utilize the complete waveform to test its ability to differentiate between objects having distinct vertical structures using curve matching approaches. Two groups of curve matching approaches were developed by extending methods originally designed for pixel-based hyperspectral image classification and object-based high spatial image classification. The first group is based on measuring the curve similarity between an unknown waveform and a reference waveform, including curve root sum squared differential area (CRSSDA), curve angle mapper (CAM), and Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence. The second group assesses the curve similarity between an unknown and reference cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of their waveforms, including cumulative curve root sum squared differential area (CCRSSDA), cumulative curve angle mapper (CCAM), and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) distance. When employed to classify open space, trees, and buildings using ICESat waveform data, KL provided the highest average classification accuracy (87%), closely followed by CCRSSDA and CCAM, and they all significantly outperformed KS, CRSSDA, and CAM based on 15 randomized sample sets.
Stationary Frame Fault-Tolerant Current Control of Polyphase Permanent-Magnet Machines Under Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Faults

The paper presents a stationary frame control strategy to achieve optimal current control for star-connected polyphase permanent-magnet machine under asymmetric phase faults, namely, phase open circuit (OC) and phase short-circuit (SC) condition. Current regulation under these faults is particularly challenging because optimal torque control strategy generates nonsinusoidal current references with unbalance in both fundamental and higher order working harmonics, to achieve minimal copper losses and torque ripple under fault condition. Under field-weakening operation, voltage limit introduces additional control problems. The paper describes a solution for these control issues by employing a novel controller in stationary frame. This control strategy allows minimal reconfiguration of the control structure from healthy to postfault operation. Extensive simulation and experimental results are presented as validation for the proposed strategy.
Microenvironment and Immunology Integrin a v b 3 and Fibronectin Upregulate Slug in Cancer Cells to Promote Clot Invasion and Metastasis

The blood clotting cascade is selectively involved in lungmetastasis, but the reason for this selectivity is unclear. Here, we show that tumor cells that metastasize predominantly to the lung, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and soft tissue sarcoma (STS), have an inherent capacity to generate extensive invadopodia when embedded in a blood clot. Compared with other metastatic cancer cells tested, RCC and STS cells exhibited increased levels of expression offibronectin and an activated formof the integrinavb3,which coordinately supported the generation of an elaborate fibronectin matrix and actin stress fibers in fibrin-embedded tumor cells. Together, fibronectin and avb3 induced upregulation of the transcription factor Slug, which mediates epithelial–mesenchymal transition as well as fibrin invasion and lung metastasis. This mechanism is clinically significant, because primary cancer cells from patients with metastatic RCC strongly invaded fibrin and this correlated with fibronectin matrix formation and Slug expression. In contrast, tumor cells from patients with localized RCC were largely noninvasive. Together, our findings establish that activated integrin avb3 and fibronectin promote lung metastasis by upregulating Slug, defining a mechanism through which cancer cells can colonize blood clots in the lung vasculature. Cancer Res; 73(20); 6175–84. 2013 AACR.
The Diffusion of Collective Violence: Infectiousness, Susceptibility, and Mass Media Networks1

Using recent advances in event history diffusion modeling, this article reexamines the diffusion of racial rioting in the United States from 1964–71, uncovering several important aspects of diffusion not evident from prior analyses. First, riots are not independent events, and modeling them as such results in an inadequate understanding of the violence wave. Second, cities not only have differential intrinsic propensities to riot, but also different levels of responsiveness and resistance to diffusion from other riots. Third, implied networks related to mass media distribution provide the pathway along which riot diffusion is transmitted. These combined results underscore the necessity of conceptualizing riots as a series of interdependent events, which diffuse in different patterns depending on the characteristics of the riot and the city in which it occurs, and they further accentuate the paramount importance of the mass media in creating and sustaining collective violence and protest waves.
Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in Developing Countries: Evidence from Panel Data

The determinants of innovation and the role of intellectual property rights in different countries are not well understood. This paper estimates the determinants of innovation using a new panel dataset. It compares different panel estimation methods appropriate for finite size samples. Past R&D investments have a positive and significant impact on current innovation, demand-pull factors are also important in all country groups, and the structure of the economy has a negative (positive) impact in developing (industrialized) countries. Intellectual property protection is only significant for developing countries. The least-square dummy variable corrected estimator is found to be the most appropriate for small, unbalanced datasets. We discuss econometric issues and the policy implication of these results. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
The Economics of Bank Cross-Firm Selling : The Value of Borrower Board Connectedness and Opacity

This paper provides evidence that banks value their existing borrowers’ board network because it can give banks an advantage in cross-selling services to other firms in the network. I posit that banks gain an informational advantage from a common shared director between the existing borrower and firms in the borrower's network. I find that if a bank has a lending relationship with a well-connected borrower, then the bank’s likelihood of winning loan business from a firm in the borrower’s board network increases. I also find that banks are willing to compensate wellconnected borrowers with larger board networks by offering lower loan spreads because these borrowers provide greater opportunities for their bank lenders to sell loans to firms in their networks. Moreover, consistent with board networks providing connected banks with an informational advantage over other de novo lenders, I find that the probability of a connected bank winning loan business from a firm in its existing borrower’s network is higher if the firm is more informationally opaque. As further evidence of a network-based information advantage, I also find that banks offer lower loan spreads to a well-connected borrower if firms in that borrower’s board network are on average more opaque. This finding indicates that a borrower can benefit from the opacity of its connected firms via lower loan spreads. JEL Classifications: G10, G21, G32
Imperfect Competition and the Transmission of Shocks : The Network Matters ∗

This paper studies the aggregate implications of the firm-to-firm production network structure. Using a dataset on all domestic transactions between Belgian firms, we establish two facts: firms charge higher markups if they have higher input shares within their customers, and firms experience larger churn of suppliers if they face a larger reduction in foreign goods’ prices. Motivated by these two facts, we build a model where firms compete as oligopolies to supply inputs to each customer and where firms optimally choose their suppliers. The network structure becomes irrelevant in a benchmark case where we impose perfect competition and hold the network fixed. In this case, firm-level variables are sufficient to compute the welfare response to a large fall in import prices. Allowing for oligopolistic competition generates two counteracting forces within supplier-customer pairs. A supplier raises its markup to a customer when its costs decline, but it reduces the markup if other firms supplying the same customer receive the shock. Further, allowing for endogenous networks amplifies the impact of the shock as firms begin importing and begin sourcing from other firms exposed to the import shock. Due to the omission of these dynamics, the aggregate response in the benchmark case is less than one quarter of those in the full estimated model.
A laboratory study of water ice erosion by low-energy ions

Water ice covers the surface of various objects in the outer Solar system. Within the heliopause, surface ice is constantly bombarded and sputtered by energetic particles from the solar wind and magnetospheres. We report a laboratory investigation of the sputtering yield of water ice when irradiated at 10 K by 4 keV singly (13C+, N+, O+, Ar+) and doubly charged ions (13C2+, N2+, O2+). The experimental values for the sputtering yields are in good agreement with the prediction of a theoretical model. There is no significant difference in the yield for singly and doubly charged ions. Using these yields, we estimate the rate of water ice erosion in the outer Solar system objects due to solar wind sputtering. Temperature-programmed desorption of the ice after irradiation with 13C+ and 13C2+ demonstrated the formation of 13CO and 13CO2, with 13CO being the dominant formed species.
Occurrence and distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in agricultural fields of Mysore.

Occurrence and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the agricultural fields in and around Mysore district was studied. Almost all the sampling sites belong to semi-arid region. Most of the crops growing in this region were sampled. AMF percent colonization and spore density and species richness was assessed. Soil samples exhibit varied physico-chemical parameters which correlates with AMF percent colonization and spore count. Four AMF genera namely Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora and Scutellospora were identified by spore morphological characteristics. A total of about 45 AMF morphotypes were observed. Among 45 species 6 species were could not able to identify. Genus Glomus was found to be very dominant by exhibiting 19 species followed by Acaulospora of about 10 species. Spore count and species richness was found higher in host plants like maize and sorghum. Higher percent colonization, spore density and species richness were found in samples like YLDR, KRN and HNSR which were collected from irrigated agricultural fields.
A Dual-Polarized Dual-Band Antenna With Omni-Directional Radiation Patterns

A new dual-polarized dual-band (DPDB) omni-directional antenna is presented in this communication. The proposed antenna consists of a circular patch with eight open slots, eight shorted metal pins, and a central feed coaxial probe. By utilizing TM<sub>01</sub> mode, eight shorted metal pins, and open slots can radiate <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta$ </tex-math></inline-formula>- and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varphi$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-components, respectively. Omni-directional circular polarization can be generated over the lower band. When the basic TM<sub>02</sub> mode is excited, omni-directional linear polarization can be generated over the higher band. Omni-directional circularly polarized fields and omni-directional linearly polarized fields can be achieved at both resonant frequencies. The circular patch antenna is printed on a substrate with a radius of 48 mm (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.24~\lambda _{\mathrm {\mathbf {0}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{\mathrm {\mathbf {0}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the wavelength in free space). The antenna has a low profile of 4 mm (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.02~\lambda _{\mathrm {\mathbf {0}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The antenna is fabricated and measured; the measured results show that the impedance bandwidths for VSWR <2 are 18 MHz (1566—1584 MHz) and 32 MHz (2440—2472 MHz). The axial ratio in the xoy plane is less than 3 dB over the lower band. These measured results are congruent with the simulated data. The antenna can be a good candidate for both GPS and WLAN applications. Besides, the S-parameters, radiation patterns, and some key structures are studied.
USING CONSTRUCT OF THE TRANS-THEORETICAL MODEL TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BEHAVIOR IN OSTEOPOROSIS PREVENTION : A THEORY-BASED STUDY

Introduction Regular physical activity has positive effects on physical, mental and social status of individual especially osteoporosis prevention. Health policy makers have planned to encourage people to do the most physical activity. The trans-theoretical model is identified as a comprehensive model for physical activity behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to determine using a trans-theoretical model to physical activity behavior in osteoporosis prevention. Material and Method In a cross-sectional study, this studies 269 women who were selected from all the health centers of Khorramabad according to the inclusion criteria of the study and through two-stage cluster and systematic sampling method. The tools for data collection were valid and reliable questionnaires of demographic variables and construct of the Trans theoretical model of stages of change and physical activity. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results The mean age of the subjects was 38.72±7.003, and the mean light weekly physical activity was 38.83±56.400. The results showed that 43.5% of the women were in the pre-contemplation stage and 9.4% in the maintenance stage in doing regular exercise. Also, in terms of the ranking of stages of change in physical activity, 82.9% were in the non-action phase and 17.1% in the action phase. The results also showed that the construct of self-efficacy had the highest predictive power for the preventive behavior. Discussion The results showed that self-efficacy among the constructs of the Trans theoretical Model was the only predictive construct for regular physical activity osteoporosis prevention behavior. Therefore, the findings of this study can serve as a base for educational interventions in behavioral changes for the prevention of osteoporosis by health authorities.
Palaeolimnological assessment of lake acidification and environmental change in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta

Exploitation of the Athabasca Oil Sands has expanded hugely over the last 40 years. Regional emissions of oxidised sulphur and nitrogen compounds increased rapidly over this period and similar emissions have been linked to lake acidification in other parts of North America and Europe. To determine whether lakes in the region have undergone acidification, 12 lakes within the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo and the Caribou Mountains were selected to cover chemical and spatial gradients and sediment cores were obtained for palaeolimnological analyses including radiometric dating, diatom analysis, isotopic analysis of bulk sediment 13C and 15N, and spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs). All lake sediment cores show evidence of industrial contamination based on SCPs, but there is no clear industrial signal in stable isotopes. Most lakes showed changes in diatom assemblages and sediment C:N ratios consistent with nutrient enrichment over various timescales, with potential drivers including climatic change, forest fires and anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. Only one of the 12 lakes investigated showed strong evidence of acidification with a decline in diatom-inferred pH from 6.3 to 5.6 since 1970 linked to increasing relative abundances of the acidophilous diatom species Actinella punctata, Asterionella ralfsii and Fragilariforma polygonata. Analysis of mercury (Hg) in the acidified lake showed increasing sediment fluxes over the last 20 years, a possible indication of industrial contamination. The acidified lake is the smallest of those studied with the shortest residence time, suggesting a limited capacity for neutralisation of acid inputs in catchment soils or by inlake processes.
Adding One Neuron Can Eliminate All Bad Local Minima

One of the main difficulties in analyzing neural networks is the non-convexity of the loss function which may have many bad local minima. In this paper, we study the landscape of neural networks for binary classification tasks. Under mild assumptions, we prove that after adding one special neuron with a skip connection to the output, or one special neuron per layer, every local minimum is a global minimum.
Factors affecting the adoption of cloud computing in small and medium enterprises

In spite of cloud advantages for small and medium enterprises SMEs to reduce their costs and improve their performance, they have not utilised it at the desired level. Therefore, this study seeks to provide a model for the adoption of cloud computing in SMEs based on technology, organisation, and environment TOE framework along with individual characteristics. The results show that relative advantage and compatibility in technological context, sensitivity of data and supporting infrastructure in organisational context, vendor support, competitive pressure and government support in environmental context, CEO trust, and CEO cloud knowledge in CEO characteristics are significant factors in cloud adoption. However, complexity and CEO innovativeness are not influential determinants. In addition, five top prioritised factors for moving to cloud are relative advantage, vendor support, competitive pressure, CEO trust, and CEO knowledge. This study is not only useful for SMEs in their adoption decision but also for researches in this subject.
IR and XAFS studies of photoluminescent Ag-type zeolite-A

We examined the relation between the zeolite framework, Ag clusters, and properties of photoluminescence (PL) using in-situ infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The Ag clusters are generated in the cavity of Ag-type zeolite-A that is cooled to room temperature after heating at 500°C for 24 hour under vacuum or in atmosphere. The Ag clusters in the zeolite cavity break down when air is introduced. According to the formation and breakdown of the Ag cluster, the infrared spectrum of the zeolite framework changed slightly. Then, this change was compensated by irradiation of the excitation light. Results suggest that the structural change in the zeolite induced by the formation and breakdown of the Ag clusters is a key point of the PL mechanism.
News Consumption in a Social Media Environment : Evidence from Twitter ∗

As individuals consume an increasing amount of news on social media it is important to understand the consumption habits of individuals on this platform. This study examines the importance of ideological similarity betwen a news source and an individual and the importance of the reliability of a news source in users' consumption decisions in a social media environment. The ndings suggest that, conditional on who a user chooses to follow, on average users have no preference for ideologically similar or dissimilar news, that users prefer less reliable and likely sensational news, and when examined separately liberals prefer conservative news while conservatives prefer neither conservative or liberal news. The results are consistent with the idea click-bait works and that individuals whose ideology is not dominant in government like to stay informed about
Comparing Treatments across Labor Markets: An Assessment of Nonexperimental Multiple-Treatment Strategies

Abstract We study the effectiveness of nonexperimental strategies in adjusting for comparison group differences when using data from several programs, each implemented at a different location, to compare their effect if implemented at alternative locations. First, we adjust for individual characteristics differences simultaneously across all groups using unconfoundedness-based and conditional difference-in-difference methods for multiple treatments. Second, we adjust for differences in local economic conditions and stress their role after program participation. Our results show that it is critical to have sufficient overlap across locations in both dimensions and illustrate the difficulty of adjusting for local economic conditions that differ greatly across locations.
Gaze and Feet as Additional Input Modalities for Interacting with Geospatial Interfaces

Abstract. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are complex software environments and we often work with multiple tasks and multiple displays when we work with GIS. However, user input is still limited to mouse and keyboard in most workplace settings. In this project, we demonstrate how the use of gaze and feet as additional input modalities can overcome time-consuming and annoying mode switches between frequently performed tasks. In an iterative design process, we developed gaze- and foot-based methods for zooming and panning of map visualizations. We first collected appropriate gestures in a preliminary user study with a small group of experts, and designed two interaction concepts based on their input. After the implementation, we evaluated the two concepts comparatively in another user study to identify strengths and shortcomings in both. We found that continuous foot input combined with implicit gaze input is promising for supportive tasks.
Critical success factors of e-government implementation based on meta-ethnography

This study aims to propose a generic critical success factors (CSFs) of e-Government Implementation. CSFs of e-Government implementation has been formulated by a number of researchers, but they are spread out and there is no agreement or consensus of CSFs. Many research identify some CSFs of e-Government implementation but tend to ignore some CSFs proposed by other researchers so as not to obtain generic CSFs. Therefore in this study, it was conducted a study with a particular method of qualitative meta-ethnography approach by reviewing the various studies significantly related to the CSFs of e-Government implementation from journal articles and conference and then do the synthesis process. Meta-ethnography is a technique of integrating data across studies to gain a theoretical and a new concept with a deeper level of understanding and thorough. The results showed total 67 CSFs of e-Government implementation obtained that consist of 55 CSFs measured from government perspective and 12 CSFs from public perspective. All CSFs produced can help organizations to pay attention and focus on the key area that can ensure the successful implementation of e-Government.