Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Helping High School Students Read Like Experts: Affective Evaluation, Salience, and Literary Interpretation

This study explored whether a month-long instructional intervention in affective evaluation can help struggling high school readers to engage in literary interpretation in ways similar to expert readers’ practices. We compared pre- and post-intervention think-aloud protocols from five high school students as they read a literary short story with the protocols from five experienced English teachers for the same story. After the intervention, student readers attended more frequently to story details that expert readers also found salient to interpretation. Students also made interpretive moves similar to those made by experts, such as inferences about character goals, interpretation of potential symbols, and attention to patterns and juxtapositions in the text. Further, students’ focus on interpretively salient details influenced their thematic inferences. These findings suggest that the recruitment of everyday, affect-based practices can help novice readers develop more “expert-like” literary schemata and construct more meaningful interpretations of a literary text.
Novel Nanostructured Zn-substituted Monetite Based Biomaterial for Bone Regeneration

A bone regeneration biomaterial must be biocompatible, osteoconductive and osteoinductive, and be gradually replaced by newly formed bone in the shorter time possible. Nanostructured materials, emulating bone composition and morphology, have shown great potential in bone repair because of their higher reactivity, faster reabsorption and improved biological behavior over microstructured materials. This work was aimed at developing a new biomaterial that meets the requirements for effective bone regeneration. Combination of elements with different solubility such as monetite, hydroxyapatite, amorphous calcium phosphate and silica gel, provided with the means to modulate the rate of material reabsorption of this novel biomaterial were Zn was found to be present as a partial substitution of Ca in the monetite lattice. The biomaterial was obtained by a hydraulic cementing reaction and was characterized by XRD, FTIR, NMR, chemical analysis, N2 adsorption porosimetry, Hg porosimetry, picnometry, SEM, TEM and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterial showed a nanometric structure with a very high specific surface area (≈80 m2/g), high surface roughness and high intragranular porosity (50%) ranging from macro to nanopores. All of these are key features for a bone regeneration material. Solubility studies demonstrate the different solubility of its components and the release of Ca, P, Si and Zn. In vivo evaluation showed the effectiveness of the material to regenerate and to maintain 89 ± 9% of the volume of a critical size bone defect in sheep at 16 weeks. In the restored volume residual biomaterial was found to occupy 9 ± 5% of the space while newly formed trabeculae occupied 32 ± 6% of the space. The newly formed bone showed abundant vascularization and osteogenic activity. Biomaterial was estimated to have resorbed by 86 ± 7% with a reduction of 67 ± 8% in diameter and clear signs of cell-mediated resorption.
How do social performance and financial performance of microfinance institutions interact: A panel data study upon the MENA region (1998-2011)

The relationship between social performance (SP) and financial performance (FP) of microfi-nance institutions (MFIs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is a matter of substitution or complementarity. A panel data study (1998-2011) upon a sample of 64 MFIs in nine MENA countries examines both one-way and reciprocal dependency between SP and FP. We document the various determinants according to information transparency, credit methodology, status, the operating area of MFIs and their macroeconomic environment. Simultaneous equations models show that SP has a negative impact upon FP and conversely for mature MFIs: hence, substitution takes place. However, there is no clear interaction between these performances.
SN 2012au: A GOLDEN LINK BETWEEN SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVAE AND THEIR LOWER-LUMINOSITY COUNTERPARTS

We present optical and near-infrared observations of SN 2012au, a slow-evolving supernova (SN) with properties that suggest a link between subsets of energetic and H-poor SNe and superluminous SNe. SN 2012au exhibited conspicuous Type-Ib-like He i lines and other absorption features at velocities reaching ≈2 × 104 km s−1 in its early spectra, and a broad light curve that peaked at MB = −18.1 mag. Models of these data indicate a large explosion kinetic energy of ∼1052 erg and 56Ni mass ejection of MNi ≈ 0.3 M☉ on par with SN 1998bw. SN 2012au's spectra almost one year after explosion show a blend of persistent Fe ii P-Cyg absorptions and nebular emissions originating from two distinct velocity regions. These late-time emissions include strong [Fe ii], [Ca ii], [O i], Mg i], and Na i lines at velocities ≳ 4500 km s−1, as well as O i and Mg i lines at noticeably smaller velocities ≲ 2000 km s−1. Many of the late-time properties of SN 2012au are similar to the slow-evolving hypernovae SN 1997dq and SN 1997ef, and the superluminous SN 2007bi. Our observations suggest that a single explosion mechanism may unify all of these events that span −21 ≲ MB ≲ −17 mag. The aspherical and possibly jetted explosion was most likely initiated by the core collapse of a massive progenitor star and created substantial high-density, low-velocity Ni-rich material.
Coping with Chronic Disease? Chronic Disease and Disability in Elderly American Population 1982-1999

It is well known that disability rates among the American elderly have declined over the past decades. The cause of this decline is less well established. In this paper, we test one important possible explanation--that the decline in disability occurred because of chronic disease prevention efforts among the elderly. For this purpose we analyze data from the National Long Term Care Survey and from the National Health and Interview Survey. Our findings suggest that primary prevention, as reflected in decreased disease prevalence, was not responsible for advances made in elderly functioning between 1980 and 2000. We found a broad decline in less severe forms of disability that is unlikely to have resulted from improved disease management. Instead, these measured improvements in functioning may reflect environmental, technological, and/or socioeconomic changes. Improvements in the more severe forms of disability were modest and were restricted to those suffering from particular illnesses, which make improved and/or more aggressive management a plausible explanation and one that might increase costs should the trend persist.
Genetic Variability , Correlation and Path Analyses for Agronomic Traits in Lentil Genotypes

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is a diploid, autogamous species and is one of the oldest crops in the world. In Argentina, one of the most common problems is the narrow genetic base which must be broadened to provide greater production stability. The objectives were to study the genetic variation for different agronomic traits, the phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients among these traits and the direct and indirect effects of these traits on seed yield and to characterize the germplasm for use as parents in a breeding program. Thirty genotypes were evaluated. The collected data were analyzed to determine significant varietal differences by employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were estimated and Path coefficient analysis was calculated. Highly significant differences among genotypes for all traits recorded were found indicating the presence of genetic variability; thus broad-sense heritability estimates were high for all traits under study indicating little environmental influence. Correlation analysis indicated that the values of genotypic correlations were slightly higher, in general, than the phenotypic correlations. Different morphological traits showed significant direct and indirect effects on number of pods per plant. Number of branches had the greatest direct effect on number of pods per plant (p = 0.40) followed by total number of nodes (p = 0.27); height of first pod showed a highly negative direct effect on pod number per plant (p = -0.37) and the highest moderate indirect negative effects via number of nodes at the first pod (p = 0.24). PCA allowed the discrimination of four groups of cultivars with higher similarity. Our results provide better insight regarding the relationship between various characters determining either timing of flowering or productivity, and provide information on the likely interest of a particular accession as a parent in initial crosses for breeding stable and high-yielding varieties. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DEVELOPING AN INTEGRATED AHP AND INTUITIONISTIC FUZZYTOPSIS METHODOLOGY

B. D. Rouyendegh Razvoj integrirane AHP i intuicijske fuzzyTOPSIS metodologije ISSN 1330 -3651 (Print), ISSN 1848-6339 (Online) UDC/UDK 658.71. 012.123:519.865
A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR THE REPURCHASE INTENTIONS IN THE AUTOMOBILE SERVICE INDUSTRY : THE ROLE OF SWITCHING BARRIERS IN SATISFACTION – REPURCHASE INTENTIONS RELATIONSHIP

1. A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR THE REPURCHASE INTENTIONS IN THE AUTOMOBILE SERVICE INDUSTRY: THE ROLE OF SWITCHING BARRIERS IN SATISFACTION – REPURCHASE INTENTIONS RELATIONSHIP Karin Boonlertvanich, Burapha University, Thailand
A tale of two paradigms: the mutual incommensurability of ΛCDM and MOND

The concordance model of cosmology, ΛCDM, provides a satisfactory description of the evolution of the universe and the growth of large-scale structure. Despite considerable effort, this model does not at present provide a satisfactory description of small-scale structure and the dynamics of bound objects like individual galaxies. In contrast, MOND provides a unique and predictively successful description of galaxy dynamics, but is mute on the subject of cosmology. Here I briefly review these contradictory world views, emphasizing the wealth of distinct interlocking lines of evidence that went into the development of ΛCDM while highlighting the practical impossibility that it can provide a satisfactory explanation of the observed MOND phenomenology in galaxy dynamics. I also briefly review the baryon budget in groups and clusters of galaxies where neither paradigm provides an entirely satisfactory description of the data. Relatively little effort has been devoted to the formation of structure in MOND; I re.
AI Peer Review Challenge: Standard Model of Physics vs 4D GEM EOS

Natural evolution of ATP cognitive systems is to meet AI peer review standards. ATP process of axiom selection from Mizar to prove a conjecture would be further refined, as in all human and machine learning, by solving the real world problem of the proposed AI peer review challenge: Determine which conjecture forms the higher confidence level constructive proof between Standard Model of Physics SU(n) lattice gauge group operation vs. present nonstandard 4D GEM EOS SU(n) lattice gauge group spatially extended operation in which the photon and electron are the first two trace angular momentum invariants of a gravitoelectromagnetic (GEM) energy momentum density tensor wavetrain integration spin-stress pressure-volume equation of state (EOS), initiated via 32 lines of Mathematica code. Resulting gravitoelectromagnetic spectrum ranges from compressive through rarefactive of the central cosmological constant vacuum energy density in units of pascals. Said self-adjoint group operation exclusively operates on the stress energy momentum tensor of the Einstein field equations, introducing quantization directly on the 4D spacetime level, essentially reformulating the compounded, and still diverging, Yang-Mills virtual superpositioned particle lattice gauge groups quantization of the vacuum—into an optimized single hyper-complex multi-valued GEM U(1)×SO(3) lattice gauge group Planck spacetime mesh quantization of the vacuum. Thus the Mizar corpus already contains all of the axioms required for relevant DeepMath premise selection and unambiguous formal natural language parsing in context deep learning. Keywords—artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving, constructive quantum field theory, lattice gauge theory, complex systems
Human–wildlife conflicts in a fragmented Amazonian forest landscape: determinants of large felid depredation on livestock

Most large carnivore species are in global decline. Conflicts with people, particularly over depredation on small and large livestock, is one of the major causes of this decline. Along tropical deforestation frontiers, large felids often shift from natural to livestock prey because of their increased proximity to human agriculture, thus increasing the likelihood of conflicts with humans. On the basis of data from 236 cattle ranches, we describe levels of depredation by jaguars Panthera onca and pumas Puma concolor on bovine herd stocks and examine the effects of both landscape structure and cattle management on the spatial patterns and levels of predation in a highly fragmented forest landscape of southern Brazilian Amazonia. Generalized linear models showed that landscape variables, including proportion of forest area remaining and distance to the nearest riparian forest corridor, were key positive and negative determinants of predation events, respectively. We detected clear peaks of depredation during the peak calving period at the end of the dry season. Bovine herd size and proportion of forest area had positive effects on predation rates in 60 cattle ranches investigated in more detail. On the other hand, distance from the nearest riparian forest corridor was negatively correlated with the number of cattle predated. The mean proportion of cattle lost to large felids in 24 months for the region varied according to the herd class size (<500: 0.82%; 500–1500: 1.24%; >1500: 0.26%) but was never greater than 1.24%. The highest annual monetary costs were detected in large cattle ranches (>1500 head of cattle), reaching US$ 885.40. Patterns of depredation can be explained by a combination of landscape and livestock management variables such as proportion of forest area, distance to the nearest riparian corridor, annual calving peak and bovine herd size.
Free divisors in prehomogeneous vector spaces

We study linear free divisors, that is, free divisors arising as discriminants in prehomogeneous vector spaces, and in particular in quiver representation spaces. We give a characterization of the prehomogeneous vector spaces containing such linear free divisors. For reductive linear free divisors, we prove that the numbers of geometric‐ and representation‐theoretic irreducible components coincide. As a consequence, we find that a quiver can only give rise to a linear free divisor if it has no (oriented or unoriented) cycles. We also deduce that the linear free divisors which appear in Sato and Kimura's list of irreducible prehomogeneous vector spaces are the only irreducible reductive linear free divisors. Furthermore, we show that all quiver linear free divisors are strongly Euler homogeneous, that they are locally weakly quasihomogeneous at points whose corresponding representation is not regular, and that all tame quiver linear free divisors are locally weakly quasihomogeneous. In particular, the latter satisfy the logarithmic comparison theorem.
Pores in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli K12. Involvement of proteins b and c in the permeation of cephaloridine and ampicillin

Recent results have shown that several outer membrane proteins of Gram-negative bacteria play a role in the permeation of hydrophilic molecules through this membrane. In Escherichia coli uptake of complexed iron ions is mediated by various outer membrane proteins [1-3]. The products of the genes bfe, lamB and tsx are involved, respectively, in the uptake of vitamin B12 [4,5], of maltose and maltodextrins [6,7] and of various nucleosides [8]. Wild type E. coli K12 contains two peptidoglycan-associated major outer membrane proteins [9-11 ], which we have designated b and c [12]. (A comparison of the nomenclature used by various authors is given in the latter reference.) Recently a new peptidoglycan-associated protein, protein Ic, was found in mutants ofE. coli K12, by Henning et al. [13], which is probably identical to protein e reported by us [14]. It has recently been shown, both in vitro [15] and in vivo [14, 16-18], that the peptidoglycan-associated proteins also play a role in the permeation of hydrophilic molecules through the outer membrane. All three proteins (b, c and e) facilitate the permeation of several amino acids, sugars and ions through the outer membrane [14, 16]. However, a certain specificity exists with respect to the uptake of nucleotides, as this is only mediated by proteins b and e, and not by protein c [14]. It has recently been reported thatthe rate of diffusion of the antibiotic cephaloridine is decreased in mutants of Salmonella typhimurium, which lack both the 34K and 36K peptidoglycan-associated outer merebrane proteins [ 17]. In order to obtain greater insight into the specificity of the pore properties of the three proteins (b, c and e) ofE. coli K12, we determined which protein(s) facilitate(s) the permeation of the antibiotics cephaloridine and ampicillin through the outer membrane of this organism.
The transmembrane domain of the adenovirus E3/19K protein acts as an ER retention signal and contributes to intracellular sequestration of MHC class I molecules

Copyright and reuse: The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes the work of researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.
Sub‐debris melt rates on southern inylchek glacier, central tian shan

Abstract. Melt rates of glacier surfaces are strongly influenced by the existence of a debris cover. Dependent on thickness and other physical parameters, the debris layer can enhance or reduce ablation as compared to bare ice conditions. Supraglacial moraines appear very frequently on Central Asian glaciers, greatly affecting water yield from these high mountain regions. In summer 2005, a network of 22 ablation stakes was drilled into locations with varying debris thicknesses on southern Inylchek Glacier in the central Tian Shan. Mean ablation rates varied from 2.8 to 6.7 cm/day, strongly correlated with moraine thickness. Parallel observation of air temperature allowed the application of a simple degree‐day approach and the calculation of ablation rates. Efforts to improve calculations of melt rates by incorporating relative air humidity to account for latent heat fluxes failed. This proves that air temperature is already a very good melt indicator. Ice albedo measurements show that reflectivity might be controlled by the occurrence of evaporation or condensation, but this topic needs further investigation.
The Contribution of Microorganisms to the Fermentation of Cassava Dough during Attiéké Processing in Côte d ’ Ivoire

Biochemical properties of fermentative microorganisms of attiéké traditional starters were evaluated in vitro for highlighting the contribution of each of them in cassava dough fermentation and selection of potential starter strains. A total of 345 isolates from three types of inocula (Adjoukrou, Alladjan and Ebrié) were screening for their abilities to produce -amylase, -glucosidase, pectinases and their acidification rate. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and at a lesser extent Bacillus sp. have been recognized as high acidifying microorganisms. Yeasts isolates were most involved in -amylase (47.56%) production. But, LAB were the most involved in the detoxication of cassava by the high rate of isolates producing -glucosidase (34.66%), while Bacillus sp showed high pectinases producing isolates (43.75%). A proportion of 7 to 10% of moulds contributes to the production of amylase, linamarase and pectinase. A total of 42 strains with one or more desirable biochemical properties were pre-selected for the development as starter cultures for attiéké production. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Complex adaptive systems

One of the most important roles a computer can play is to act as a simulator of physical processes. When a com puter mimics the behavior of a system, such as the flow of air over an airplane wing, it provides us with a unique way of studying the factors that control that behavior. The key, of course, is for the computer to offer an accurate rendition of the system being studied. In the past fifty years, computers have scored some major successes in this regard. Designers of airplanes, bridges, and Ameri ca's Cup yachts all use computers routinely to analyze their designs before they commit them to metal. For such artifacts, we know how to mimic the behavior quite exactly, using equations discovered over a century ago. However, there are systems of crucial interest to humankind that have so far defied accurate simulation by computer. Economies, ecologies, immune systems, developing embryos, and the brain all exhibit complexities that block broadly based attempts at compre hension. For example, the equation-based methods that work well for airplanes have a much more limited scope for economies. A finance minister cannot expect the same accuracy in asking the computer to play out the impact of a policy change as an engineer can expect in asking the computer to play out the implications of tilting an airplane wing. Despite the disparities and the difficulties, we are entering a new era in our ability to understand and foster such systems. The grounds for optimism come from two recent advances.
RELATIVE-PRICE CHANGES AS AGGREGATE SUPPLY SHOCKS* LAURENCE

This paper proposes a theory of supply shocks, or shifts in the short-run Phillips curve, based on relative-price changes and frictions in nominal price adjustment. When price adjustment is costly, firms adjust to large shocks but not to small shocks, and so large shocks have disproportionate effects on the price level. Therefore, aggregate inflation depends on the distribution of relative-price changes: inflation rises when the distribution is skewed to the right, and falls when the distribution is skewed to the left. We show that this theoretical result explains a large fraction of movements in postwar U. S. inflation. Moreover, our model suggests measures of supply shocks that perform better than traditional measures, such as the relative prices of food and energy.