Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photographs as a means of assessing developmental defects of enamel.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the validity and reliability of photographic examinations for developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines using a standardized process. METHODS The anterior teeth of 257 children were examined 'wet', both clinically and photographically for DDE, using the modified Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) (DDE) Index. A series of five standardized photographs were taken for each child: a frontal view perpendicular to the four incisors; two lateral views, each showing the lateral incisors and canines on each side of the dental arch; and the superior and inferior views, retaking of the frontal view with the camera held at approximately 30 degrees above and below the horizontal plane. The photographs taken for each child were viewed as three different sets; the 'five-view' (frontal, two lateral views plus superior and inferior views), 'three-view' (frontal and two lateral views), and 'one-view' (frontal view only) slide sets. RESULTS Using 'one view' slides, 91.7% of teeth could be examined photographically. Whereas using multiple views 99.9% of teeth could be assessed. At the subject level, agreements between clinical diagnoses (gold standard) and photographic examinations were substantial to almost perfect (k = 0.73-0.86). At the tooth level, agreement was best for incisors (k = 0.71 or higher). The intra-examiner reproducibility was high for the photographic assessments at both subject and tooth levels (k = 0.71-0.95). CONCLUSIONS Multiple-view photographic slides of 'five-view' and 'three-view' are valid and reliable for assessing DDE on the 12 anterior teeth, while a 'one-view' (frontal) was acceptable to study only the incisors.
PFMAP: Exploitation of Particle Filters for Network-on-Chip Mapping

In this paper, we propose a mapping algorithm called particle filter mapping (PFMAP); PFMAP is able to map task nodes onto the cores of tile-based network-on-chip (NoC) architectures, such as regular, irregular, and custom 2-D or 3-D topologies. PFMAP is inspired from systematic resampling algorithm for particle filters, in which all particles can run parallel and independently from each other. Based upon the experimental results from applying PFMAP for various real life and synthetic applications onto the different topologies and architectures, the performance of the 2-D mesh architectures in terms of communication cost increased by up to 51% for irregular topologies, and by up to 31% for custom architectures. Similarly, total travel distance obtained by PFMAP is reduced by up to 45% for custom 2-D mesh architectures. In addition to these, average clock cycles per flit and total network power are reduced by up to 17% and 15% for regular 2-D mesh architectures, respectively. Finally, communication cost is diminished by up to 34% for 3-D regular NoC architectures.
Influence of Processing Techniques on the Nutrients and Antinutrients of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.)

2 Abstract: The effects of soaking and toasting on the nutrients and anti-nutrients of tigernut were investigated. Tigernut was soaked in water (1:10w/v) at ambient (27-30°C) temperature for 12h and at 60°C for 6h and 7h. Tigernut was also toasted in hot air oven at 120°C for 30min and in open pan for 10min and 30min. Raw tigernut contained 4.69% moisture, 4.27% crude protein, 27.44% crude fat, 13.35% crude fibre, 2.32% ash, 47.9% carbohydrate, 2.37% tannin,1.0% polyphenol, 21.42% phytate, 13.12% oxalate and 2.63% alkaloid. Soaking and toasting increased the crude protein and crude fat of tigernut but reduced the carbohydrate. Soaking reduced the tannin by 15-61%, polyphenol by 15-48%, phytate by 27-44%, oxalate by 37-58% and alkaloid by 3-13% while toasting reduced tannin by 36-71%, polyphenol by 25-65%, phytate by 22-40%, oxalate by 57-77% and alkaloid by 13-27%. Soaking at higher temperature (60°C) was more effective in reducing the anti-nutrients than ambient temperature soaking. Toasting in open pan for 30min also reduced the anti-nutrients more than toasting in open pan for 10min and toasting in the oven. Soaking at 60°C for 6h and toasting in an open pan for 30min are therefore the preferred methods for tigernut.
The effect of cold shock and freeze-thawing on release of phosphiolipids by ram, bull, and boar spermatozoa.

The effects of cold shock and freeze-thawing on the release of total phospholipids phosphorus and of specific phospholipids from ram, bull, and boar spermatozoa are examined. Species differences are apparent, both in the absolute amount of total phospholipids released and in the conditions required to effect a loss of individual phospholipids. The phosphoglycerides most affected by the temperature treatment are choline plasmalogen, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphat idyl ethanolamine. The loss of phospholipids is most specific in boar spermatozoa. Bull spermatozoa suffer a greater overall and more general breakdown of phospholipids, indicating disruption of the cell structure. This is in contrast to the more specific phospholipid losses from ram and boar spermatozoa, which may indicate a more localized region of damage and release of material, possibly acrosomal. The loss of phospholipid may be correlated with the species differences in the fertility of the frozen spermatozoa.
Ultrasonic Coagulator for Thyroidectomy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective: To evaluate the effect of ultrasonic coagulator for thyroidectomy. Methods: randomized controlled trials were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCI, Chinese Biomedical Database, China Academic Journals Full-Text Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, and China Online Journals. The authors evaluated the quality of included studies by Handbook 5.0. 0, and analyzed data by Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 5.0. Results: A total of 11 RCTs with 1420 patients met the criteria. Between ultrasonic coagulator and conventional technique, there were significant differences in operative time of total thyroidectomy (P < .00001) and amount of intraoperative bleeding (P = .02). There were no significant differences in operative time of part thyroidectomy (P = .07), amount of postoperative drainage (P = .18), cases of transient hypocalcemia (P = .41), cases of transient recurrent nerve paresis (P = .21), and total cost in hospital (P = .08). Conclusions: Current studies demonstrate that ultrasonic coagulator has a significant reduction on the operating time of total thyroidectomy and the amount of intraoperative bleeding in thyroidectomy, without increasing complications and total cost in hospital.
Alterations in Cerebral Blood Flow and Glucose Utilization in Mice Overexpressing the Amyloid Precursor Protein

We have used quantitative autoradiographic techniques to study the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and glucose utilization (CGU) in two lines of transgenic mice overexpressing Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) and APP-derived Abeta peptides. Mice were studied at an age when there are no amyloid plaques. In the 2123 line, CBF was reduced only in telencephalic regions with no corresponding decrease in CGU. In 2576 transgenics, a line with higher levels of Abeta peptide, both CBF and CGU were reduced throughout the brain. The data indicate that Abeta induces alterations in resting CBF that are either associated with or independent of alterations in CGU and that occur in the absence of amyloid deposition in neuropil of blood vessels. These observations support the hypothesis that cerebrovascular and metabolic abnormalities are early events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Imbalanced secretion of IL‐1β and IL‐1RA in Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected mononuclear cells from COPD patients

Balanced secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is essential in limiting pulmonary inflammation in respiratory infections. It was hypothesised that, in acute infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae, mononuclear cells from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients lack the opportunity to compensate for the inflammatory immune response by secreting adequate amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from eight COPD patients and eight healthy controls were infected with C. pneumoniae in order to determine interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA) and IL‐8 expression and messenger ribonucleic acid levels. Secretion of IL‐1β was significantly enhanced in AMs (six-fold) and PBMCs (four-fold) from COPD patients after infection with C. pneumoniae. Compared to the control group, release of its anti-inflammatory counterpart IL‐1RA was diminished inCOPD patients, resulting in a significantly higher IL‐1β/IL‐1RA ratio in C.pneumoniae-infected AMs and PBMCs from COPD patients. Mononuclear cells from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients have less capacity for balancing the pro-inflammatory immune response caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae infection than those from healthy controls. These findings suggest that, during acute exacerbation with intracellular pathogens, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients are predisposed to inflammatory changes in the lungs.
A participación como proceso de aprendizaxe e coñecemento social

Desde as politicas publicas en materia de enerxia as caracteristicas especificas da empresa que subministra a electricidade aos nosos fogares, ou desde os planos hidroloxicos ata as caracteristicas concretas do sistema que nos abastece de auga potable, os trazos propios das politicas, dos planos e dos sistemas de xestion, publicos ou privados, condicionan o impacto ambiental e social das nosas formas de facer. Abrir unha billa para obter auga ou pulsar un interruptor para acender unha lampada, son exemplos de xestos cotians cuxas repercusions sociais e ambientais estaran determinadas, en boa medida, polo contexto en que realizamos estas accions. En consecuencia, para avanzar cara a escenarios mais sustentables, requirense cambios que afectan non so as nosas opcions individuais, senon tamen as de caracter colectivo.
Climatic and Morphometric Explanatory Variables of Glacier Changes in the Andes (8–55°S): New Insights From Machine Learning Approaches

Over the last decades, glaciers across the Andes have been strongly affected by a loss of mass and surface areas. This increases risks of water scarcity for the Andean population and ecosystems. However, the factors controlling glacier changes in terms of surface area and mass loss remain poorly documented at watershed scale across the Andes. Using machine learning methods (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, known as LASSO), we explored climatic and morphometric variables that explain the spatial variance of glacier surface area variations in 35 watersheds (1980–2019), and of glacier mass balances in 110 watersheds (2000–2018), with data from 2,500 to 21,000 glaciers, respectively, distributed between 8 and 55°S in the Andes. Based on these results and by applying the Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) algorithm we identified new glacier clusters. Overall, spatial variability of climatic variables presents a higher explanatory power than morphometric variables with regards to spatial variance of glacier changes. Specifically, the spatial variability of precipitation dominates spatial variance of glacier changes from the Outer Tropics to the Dry Andes (8–37°S) explaining between 49 and 93% of variances, whereas across the Wet Andes (40–55°S) the spatial variability of temperature is the most important climatic variable and explains between 29 and 73% of glacier changes spatial variance. However, morphometric variables such as glacier surface area show a high explanatory power for spatial variance of glacier mass loss in some watersheds (e.g., Achacachi with r 2 = 0.6 in the Outer Tropics, Río del Carmen with r 2 = 0.7 in the Dry Andes). Then, we identified a new spatial framework for hydro-glaciological analysis composed of 12 glaciological zones, derived from a clustering analysis, which includes 274 watersheds containing 32,000 glaciers. These new zones better take into account different seasonal climate and morphometric characteristics of glacier diversity. Our study shows that the exploration of variables that control glacier changes, as well as the new glaciological zones calculated based on these variables, would be very useful for analyzing hydro-glaciological modelling results across the Andes (8–55°S).
Nontoxic radioactive Listeriaat is a highly effective therapy against metastatic pancreatic cancer

No significant improvement in therapy of pancreatic cancer has been reported over the last 25 y, underscoring the urgent need for new alternative therapies. Here, we coupled a radioisotope, 188Rhenium, to an attenuated (at) live Listeria monocytogenes (Listeriaat) using Listeria-binding antibodies, thus creating a unique radioactive Listeriaat (RL). We then demonstrated in a highly metastatic pancreatic mouse tumor model (Panc-02) that RL delivered radioactivity to the metastases and less abundantly to primary tumors in vivo, without harming normal cells. This result was possible because Listeriaat was efficiently cleared by the immune system in normal tissues but not in the heavily immune-suppressed microenvironment of metastases and primary tumor. Multiple treatments with low doses of the RL resulted in a dramatic decrease in the number of metastases (∼90%) compared with control groups in the Panc-02 model. This is the first report of using live attenuated bacteria delivering a highly radioactive payload to the metastases, resulting in killing tumor cells in vivo without harming normal cells. The nontoxic RL treatment is attractive for clinical development as a therapy to prevent pancreatic cancer recurrence and metastases.
Verification of the sea surface radar models from collocated radar observations and stereo-photo imaging

In this paper we introduced some of the results that were recently obtained from the joint radar and stereo-photo field experiment. The technique described above allows for reliable verification of various models of radar backscattering from the sea surface. As the first step we found that in Ka-band the well-known inconsistence of the popular TSM cannot be explained by visible breaking waves only. Strong correlation between radar return and small scale glitters associated to microbreaking waves clearly demonstrate that the curvature effects are important to reproduce radar backscattering.
Vomeronasal organ and its associated structures in the opossum Monodelphis domestica

The opossum Monodelphis domestica possesses a well‐developed vomeronasal system. Uptake of chemical stimuli into the vomeronasal organ (VNO) involves a stereotypical “nuzzling” behavior. In the present study, ten animals were examined by light and electron microscopy. The peripheral oro‐nasal structures that apparently enhance access of solutes into the VNO include: (1) two lateral grooves of the ventral rhinarium and a network of channels leading into them, (2) dental gap adjacent to the grooves, (3) butterfly‐shaped incisive papilla, and (4) unique bristle/cup‐shaped filiform papillae on the tongue. The longitudinal axis of the vomeronasal complex is composed of the VNO proper at its rostral end, and an extensive compound serous gland at its caudal end with a distinct transition zone in between. The transition zone is characterized by the following features: merging of the main excretory duct of the large vomeronasal gland with the VNO lumen and drainage of auxiliary glandular clusters into the lumen, irregularities in the sensory epithelium (“rosette” appearance), and the ending of the cartilaginous support surrounding the VNO. Multiple elongated bundles of smooth muscle are positioned between the sensory epithelium and the cartilaginous capsule and more caudally are intertwined with the glandular parenchyma. These bundles become more numerous at the transition zone. Contraction and extension of these muscles may function to enhance the flow of solutes and glandular secretion within the lumen. Two extensive venous sinuses are associated with the opossum VNO complex: the internal vein bordering the sensory epithelium at its rostral end, and the external vein alongside the nonsensory epithelium. This arrangement suggests a unique dual pumping mechanism. Microsc. Res. Tech. 43:500–510, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using social media to reach Chinese and South Asian communities in British Columbia: the story of a peer-led diabetes prevention programme on Facebook

Minority populations can face cultural and accessibility barriers when seeking education and support for diabetes self–management. While culturally adapted education programmes have been studied, it has not been combined with the benefit of peer–support and the accessibility of social media. This project aimed to create and assess the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of a peer–led, culturally relevant diabetes prevention programme to be delivered over a popular social networking platform, Facebook, using mixed methods. Six participants of Chinese and South Asian ethnicities completed the 12–week programme led by a peer leader for each group. Interviews and scales were conducted before, during, and after the programme. Results indicated that the delivery of health information over Facebook is feasible and acceptable for those who are comfortable with social media. The peer leaders were engaged and the ability to view discussions was useful, though a larger group would have led to more robust discussions.
Holding Resilience in Trust: Working Systemically With Families Following an Acquired Brain Injury

ABSTRACT The conceptualization of resilience following acquired brain injury needs to remain sensitive to the complex nature and enduring dimensions of trauma, loss, and stress. It is essential that a systemic and dynamic view be maintained with a focus on the key adaptation tasks that families face: grieving, restructuring, identity redefinition, and growing through adversity. These tasks are explored in a case example illustrating how these challenges reemerge across the life cycle. The key theme in this contribution is that resilience is a fluid property, a potential that practitioners and service systems can listen for, support, strengthen, and hold in trust.
A Preliminary Study Comparing Methadone and Buprenorphine in Patients with Chronic Pain and Coexistent Opioid Addiction

Patients with opioid addiction who receive prescription opioids for treatment of nonmalignant chronic pain present a therapeutic challenge. Fifty-four participants with chronic pain and opioid addiction were randomized to receive methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone. At the 6-month follow-up examination, 26 (48.1%) participants who remained in the study noted a 12.75% reduction in pain (P = 0.043), and no participants in the methadone group compared to 5 in the buprenorphine group reported illicit opioid use (P = 0.039). Other differences between the two conditions were not found. Long-term, low-dose methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone treatment produced analgesia in participants with chronic pain and opioid addiction.
THE CONQUEST

Rating: Not Rated Archive Warning: Graphic Depictions Of Violence, Major Character Death, Rape/NonCon, Underage Category: F/M Fandom: A Song of Ice and Fire George R. R. Martin Relationship: Jon Snow/Sansa Stark, Lyanna Stark/Rhaegar Targaryen, Arya Stark/Gendry Waters, Myrcella Baratheon/Robb Stark Character: Jon Snow, Sansa Stark, Rhaegar Targaryen, Lyanna Stark, Gendry Waters, Robb Stark, Brynden Tully, Thoros of Myr, Pello Greenbeard, Arya Stark, Bran Stark, Rickon Stark, Catelyn Tully Stark, Tyrion Lannister, Benjen Stark, Cersei Lannister, Myrcella Baratheon, Joffrey Baratheon, Tommen Baratheon, Tywin Lannister, Jaime Lannister, Edmure Tully, Aegon VI Targaryen, Rhaenys Targaryen, Daenerys Targaryen, Viserys Targaryen, Young Griff Stats: Published: 2015-03-29 Updated: 2016-05-22 Chapters: 14/? Words: 251745
Predicted body weight-indexed extravascular lung water is elevated in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

We read with interest the article by Barrantes et al (1) evaluating the value of acute kidney injury (AKI) in predicting outcome in critically ill patients. Barrantes et al used the definition adopted by the Acute Kidney Injury Network, which was based on an increment of serum creatinine (SCr) 0.3 mg/dL or 50% from baseline within 48 hrs or urine output 0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6 hrs despite fluid resuscitation (2). The article illustrated two issues regarding the definition of AKI that deserve comment. First, it seems clear that worsening of renal function within 48 hrs after hospital admission has important prognostic implications. Although the 0.3 mg/dL threshold for AKI definition may seem low, some retrospective studies have suggested that even these small increases in SCr may be associated with worse shortand long-term outcome (3, 4). However, we wonder if the addition of a relative increase of 50% to the definition of AKI, as suggested by the Acute Kidney Injury Network, adds any useful information. For a relative increase 50% to occur in a patient with an absolute increase 0.3 mg/dL, the baseline value of SCr must be 0.5 mg/dL, so the maximum achievable value of SCr will be 0.75 mg/dL and the maximum difference from baseline SCr value will be 0.25 mg/dL. It is unlikely that such changes in SCr identify patients at higher risk of events or have any relevant clinical implications. Furthermore, a relative increase in SCr 50% with an absolute increase 0.3 mg/dL is very rare. In the study by Barrantes et al, all patients whose SCr increased 50% also had absolute increases 0.3 mg/dL. In a recent study by our group (5) evaluating 602 patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing emergency cardiac catheterization, 149 patients (24.8%) had an increase 0.3 mg/dL and 96 patients (15.9%) had an increase 50% in SCr from baseline; as in the study by Barrantes et al, all patients with an increase 50% in SCr in our study also had an increase 0.3 mg/dL. Second, the Acute Kidney Injury Network highlighted the importance of delineating easily measured criteria that can be widely applied (2). In the study by Barrantes et al, 42% of the patients with changes 0.3 mg/dL in SCr within 48 hrs and/or urine output of 0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6 hrs did not have fluid challenge information available; thus, they could not be strictly classified as developing AKI and were excluded. However, of those who did have those data available, only 2.4% were reclassified as a result of improvement after fluid challenge. Although we agree that considering fluid resuscitation is important, a potential consequence of the Acute Kidney Injury Network’s definition is that the performance of retrospective studies which try to strictly adhere to those criteria may be significantly hampered. However, we recognize the requirement and importance of establishing uniform criteria for AKI, which is essential to allow the characterization of this condition. The authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.