Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prescribing patterns of gastrointestinal drugs in private clinics in Benghazi-Libya

Background: Prescription analysis can pinpoint areas of improvement in encounters issued by prescribing physicians. The present study was carried out to analyze prescribing trends for outpatients among consultants in the city of Benghazi-Libya. Methods: A total of 4000 prescriptions were collected from private pharmacies around the city of Benghazi, Libya. Indicators addressed included the patient's name, age, sex, and address, and the physician's name, address, and signature. The percentage of prescriptions lacking this information was calculated. Drugs prescribed by dosage, duration of treatment were also considered. The study focused on the commonly prescribed classes of gastrointestinal drugs and the most frequently prescribed drug of each common class. No attempt was made to evaluate the incidence of various gastrointestinal disorders. Results are expressed as frequency and percentage of prescribed medicines. Results: Information present in prescriptions and pertaining to the patient were name (2972, 74.3%), age (468, 11.7%), date of visit (107, 2.7%) while those for prescriber were name (1902, 47.6%) and signature (3612, 90.3%). None of the prescriptions contained sex of patient, his/her address, or registration number of the prescriber. All prescribed drugs were in brand names. Polypharmacy was not evident as all prescriptions contained 1-2 drugs. The number of prescriptions with a gastrointestinal drug(s) counted to 421 (10.5%) out of the total 4000 prescriptions. The most commonly prescribed classes of gastrointestinal drugs include in order, anti-hyperacidity, anti-emetics, anti-spasmodic, laxatives and anti-diarrheal with the most frequently prescribed drug of each therapeutic class being omeprazole (67, 48.9%), metoclopramide (57, 57%), hyoscine-N-butyl bromide (42, 55.3%), bisacodyl (44, 59.5%) and loperamide (30, 88.3%) respectively. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate the need to improve prescribing among physicians, a task that can be achieved through inclusion of related topics such as prescription writing and rational drug use in undergraduate curricula and continuing medical educational programs.
Explaining the Willingness to Pay for Environmental Protection

This paper empirically investigates individuals’ willingness to pay for stronger environmental protection, analyzing nearly 42,000 survey responses across 41 countries from the 2005-2008 wave of the World Values Survey. Several interesting results emerge from the analysis: (i) within countries, there is support for the notion that environmental protection is a normal good, but not across countries, (ii) selfidentification as a “world citizen” is the strongest determinant of demand for greater environmental protection, (iii) there seems to be diminishing marginal utility from environmental protection, such that respondents from countries with high EPI scores were less likely to demand further environmental protection, (iv) democratic development increases the demand for environmental protection, and (v) the determining factors of the demand for environmental protection are significantly different in magnitude depending on the level of economic and institutional development.
LANGUAGE SKILLS OF ELEMENTARY-AGED CHILDREN WITH EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS

A cross-sectional design was used to assess the language skills and prevalence of language disorders among 84 randomly selected public school children (K-5) receiving special education services for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). The mean receptive language standard score fell in the nonclinical range, whereas the mean total and expressive standard scores fell in the clinical range. The prevalence rates of total, expressive, and receptive disorders among children with EBD were 54%, 55%, and 42%, respectively. Approximately two-thirds of children experienced a language disorder (i.e., total, expressive, and/or receptive). Half of those experiencing a language disorder met clinical criteria in all language areas (i.e., total, receptive, and expressive). Approximately 86% of children meeting clinical criteria for total, receptive, and/or expressive language disorder were not receiving formal language services (i.e., false negatives). The findings and future research needs are discussed.
A prospective comparative study of Lichtenstein’s mesh hernioplasty performed under local and spinal anesthesia -

Background: The present study was designed to compare Lichtenstein’s hernioplasty performed under local anesthesia and spinal anesthesia in terms of intra operative and short term post-operative events. Methods: In this study total 244 adult patients (236 male & 8 female) of primary uncomplicated unilateral inguinal hernia operated for open tension free mesh hernioplasty were included. 114 patients were operated under local anesthesia and 130 under spinal anesthesia. The two groups were compared for intra operative & short term (30 days) post-operative events, hospital stay and return to activity. Results: The two groups were similar in terms of intra operative events like nausea, vomiting, hypotension & arrhythmias. Local wound complications like edema, ecchymosis, infection and seroma formation were comparable in both groups and clinically insignificant. However there was advantage for the local anesthesia group in terms of less post-operative pain, less anesthesia related complications, less urinary retention, faster discharge from hospital, faster return to activity and lesser cost of treatment. Conclusions: The study comparing local anesthesia with spinal anesthesia showed advantage for the local anesthesia group in terms of less post-operative pain, less anesthesia related complications, less urinary retention, faster discharge from hospital, faster return to activity and lesser cost of treatment. Thus open inguinal hernioplasty performed under local anesthesia is well suited for our smaller community-based, regional, and teaching hospitals.
Prospects of obtaining favourable fatty acid composition of cows milk by feeding

Information from the literature and own data show that the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in milk fat, the level of CLA and ω-3 fatty acids can be improved by dietary factors. However, none of the components can be changed without a concomitant increase in trans fatty acids, some with unknown human health effects. Diets that effectively affect milk fat composition, often lead to milk fat depression due to inhibition of expression of the genes coding for key enzymes. Potential negative effects on technological and sensory quality cannot be ignored.
Reproductive biology of the greater lizardfish, Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795), in Bushehr coastal waters of Iran

A total of 691 specimens (114 males, 538 females, and 39 immature specimens) were collected from Bushehr coastal waters of the Persian Gulf from February 2007 to February 2008 to study the reproduction of this species along with its histological gonadal development. Mean absolute and relative fecundity was 263,162 ± 31,046 and 273 ± 27, respectively. The oogonia and oocyte diameter ranged between 6 µm and 875 µm with a mean of 318 µm. The relationship between fecundity and total weight was F = 192.85W + 69,291. Monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index exhibited a higher value in May and October in both sexes (P
Performance analysis of Italian manufacturing companies: a multilevel linear approach

The Italian economy is the second biggest manufacturing power in Europe, surpassed only by Germany in terms of production value. After a long decline, the manufacturing activity is experiencing a revival in many countries and its development is one of the objectives of Agenda 2020 of the European Union. This study aims to assess the major determinants affecting companies performance by using the ROA (Return On Assets) index and by distinguishing between time-varying and time-constant company characteristics. The data are drawn from a sample of 897 Italian manufacturing companies of different sizes over a ten year period, from 2001 to 2011. A multilevel approach is adopted to take into account the longitudinal structure of the data. First, the analysis is performed under the normality of random effects and, then, such restrictive assumption is removed in favour of a semi-parametric approach based on the discreteness of random effects. Results show a positive impact of valued added production and a negative impact of high leverage on firm performance. In addition, company structure and size seems to have a significant impact on firm performance. Moreover, as a result of random effects estimation, a ranking of companies is obtained, which can be synthesised through homogenous latent classes that distinguish among low-, medium-, and highperformers. Copyright © IJEBF, all rights reserved.
Investigating the effect of performing the quiet time protocol on the sleep quality of cardiac patients

Sleep is one of the major requirements for patient’s recovery. Given the role played by environmental factors in patient’s sleep disorders in a Coronary Care Unit (CCU), it is necessary to use an appropriate protocol to improve these patient’s sleep. The present study investigated the effect of Quiet Time protocol (QT) on the sleep quality of cardiac patients in the city of Ilam. The present clinical trial was performed in 2015, using cardiac patients in Ilam. The patients were divided into two groups: (1) Experimental and (2) Control groups. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire (SMHSQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The quiet time protocol was carried out with the experimental group from 11 pm to 5 am for three consecutive nights. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Fisher’s exact test (to compare the two groups in terms of number of days of hospitalization in the CCU before treatment) and independent t-test (to compare the patient’s age difference and sleep hours at home). The findings showed that sleep quality was low in patients before Quiet Time protocol (QT). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between sleep quality of the QT group and the control group on the first night. Given that the quiet sleep protocol improves the quality of patient’s sleep, the implementation of this protocol is recommended to patients receiving nursing care.
lincrna-p 21 inhibits invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through mir-9 / e-cadherin cascade signaling pathway molecular mechanism gangqiang

and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). OncoTargets and Therapy 2017:10 3241–3247 OncoTargets and Therapy Dovepress
Estrogen receptor α is a major mediator of 17β-estradiol’s atheroprotective effects on lesion size in Apoe–/– mice

The inhibitory effects of estrogen (17β-estradiol) on atherosclerosis have been well documented in numerous animal models, and epidemiological evidence supports this protective effect in humans. The detailed mechanisms for this protection are not understood, but most are thought to be mediated through estrogen receptors (ERs), of which two are known (ERα and ERβ). To investigate the role of ERα in the atheroprotective effect of 17β-estradiol (E2), we ovariectomized female mice that lack apoE (AAee) or lack both apoE and ERα (ααee), and treated half of them with E2 for three months. E2 treatment of ovariectomized AAee females dramatically reduced the size of the lesions as well as their histological complexity. Plasma cholesterol was significantly reduced in this group, although the observed extent of protection by E2 was greater than could be explained solely by the change in lipid levels. In contrast, E2 treatment of ovariectomized ααee females caused minimal reduction in lesion size and no reduction in total plasma cholesterol compared with ααee mice without E2, demonstrating that ERα is a major mediator of the atheroprotective effect of E2. Nevertheless, E2 treatment significantly reduced the complexity of plaques in the ααee females, although not to the same degree as in AAee females, suggesting the existence of ERα-independent atheroprotective effects of E2.
Disaster Risk and Asset Returns: An International Perspective

Recent studies have shown that disaster risk can generate asset return moments similar to those observed in the U.S. data. However, these studies have ignored the cross-country asset pricing implications of the disaster risk model. This paper shows that standard U.S.-based disaster risk model assumptions found in the literature lead to counterfactual international asset pricing implications. Given consumption pricing moments, disaster risk cannot explain the range of equity premia and government bill rates nor the high degree of equity return correlation found in the data. Moreover, the independence of disasters presumed in some studies generates counterfactually low cross-country correlations in equity markets. Alternatively, if disasters are all shared, the model generates correlations that are excessively high. We show that common and idiosyncratic components of disaster risk are needed to explain the pattern in consumption and equity co-movements.
Ethnomedical uses of Thai Zingiberaceous plant (1)

ในการสำรวจสมนไพรพนบานจากยสบสองจงหวดของประเทศไทย คอ นาน เชยงใหม ลำปาง สโขทย เพชรบรณ ชยภม มหาสารคาม อบลราชธาน ศรสะเกษ ยโสธร สรนทร บรรมย สระบร จนทบร กาญจนบร เพชรบร สราษฎรธาน นครศรธรรมราช พทลง ตรง กระบ และปตตาน โดยการสมภาษณ หมอพนบานเกยวกบสมนไพรทใช ชอพนเมอง สวนทใช ประโยชนและวธใช พรอมทงเกบตวอยางพชทพพธภณฑพชกรงเทพ (ตกสรนธร) กรมวชาการเกษตรและหอพรรณไม กรมอทยาน สตวปาและพรรณพช กระทรวงทรพยากร และสงแวดลอม รวบรวมพรรณ ไมไดทงหมด 58 ชนด จำแนกเปนพช ในวงศนอยหนา 11 สกล คอ Curcuma และ Zingiber สกลละ 11 ชนด Alpinia และ Kaempferia สกลละ 8 ชนด Etlingera 6 ชนด Boesenbergia 4 ชนด Amomum และ Globba สกลละ 3 ชนด Elletariopsis 2 ชนด และ Gagnepainia และ Hedychium สกลละ 1 ชนด
State of the art and prospectives of smart rotor control for wind turbines

The continued reduction in cost of energy of wind turbines, especially with the increasingly upscaling of the rotor, will require contribution from technology advances in many areas. Reducing loads on the rotor can ofier great reduction to the total cost of wind turbines. With the increasing size of wind turbine blades, the need for more sophisticated load control techniques has induced the interest for locally distributed aerodynamic control systems with built-in intelligence on the blades. Such concepts are often named in popular terms "smart structures" or "smart rotor control". This paper focuses on research regarding active rotor control and smart structures for load reduction. It presents an overview of available knowledge and future concepts on the application of active aerodynamic control and smart structures for wind turbine applications. The goal of the paper is to provide a perspective on the current status and future directions of the speciflc area of research. It comprises a novel attempt to summarize and analyze possible advanced control systems for future wind turbines. The overview builds on existing research on helicopter rotors and expands similar concepts for wind turbine applications, based on ongoing research in the fleld. Research work has been analyzed through UPWIND project’s work package on Smart Rotor Blades and Rotor Control. First, the speciflcations of unsteady loads, the state of the art of modern control for load reduction and the need for more advanced and detailed active aerodynamic control are analyzed. Also, overview of available knowledge in application of active aerodynamic control on rotating blades, from helicopter research, is provided. Concepts, methods, and achieved results are presented. Furthermore, R&D so far and up-to-date ongoing progress of similar applications for wind turbines are presented. Feasibility studies for wind turbine applications, preliminary performance evaluation and novel computational and experimental research approaches are reviewed, including DUWIND’s recent achievement of applying feedback aerodynamic control on a wind tunnel model of a scaled blade for load reduction. The potential of load reduction using smart rotor control concepts is shown. This study provides a unique overview of advanced aerodynamic control methods utilizing smart structures for wind turbines, discusses feasibility of future implementation, and also quantifles key parameters and shows the challenges associated with such an approach.
List of changes in manuscript revision

In the European Alps, the public is provided with regional avalanche forecasts, issued by about 30 forecast centers throughout the winter, covering a spatially contiguous area. A key element in these forecasts is the communication of avalanche danger according to the five-level, ordinal European avalanche danger scale :::::::: Avalanche ::::::: Danger ::::: Scale : (EADS). Consistency in the application of the avalanche danger levels by the individual forecast centers is essential to ensure the 5 greatest value for ::::: avoid :::::::::::::::: misunderstandings ::: or ::::::::::::::: misinterpretations ::: by users, particularly those utilizing bulletins issued by different forecast centers. As the quality of avalanche forecasts is difficult to verify, due to the categorical nature of the EADS, we investigated forecast goodness by focusing on :::::: spatial consistency and bias exploring real forecast danger levels from four winter seasons (477 forecast days). We qualitatively describe the operational constraints associated with the production and communication of the avalanche bulletins, and we propose a methodology to quantitatively explore 10 spatial consistency and bias. We note that the forecast danger level agreed significantly less often when compared across national and forecast center boundaries (about 60%), as compared to within forecast center boundaries (about 90%). Furthermore, several forecast centers showed significant systematic differences towards using more frequently lower (or higher) danger levels than their neighbours :::::::: neighbors. Discrepancies seemed to be greatest when analyzing the proportion of forecasts with danger level 4-High and 5-Very High. ::: The ::::: size :: of ::: the :::::::: warning :::::::: regions, ::: the :::::::: smallest 15 :::::::::::: geographically :::::: clearly :::::::: specified :::::: areas ::::::::: underlying ::: the :::::::: forecast :::::::: products, ::::::: differed ::::::::::: considerably :::::::: between ::::::: forecast :::::::: centers. :::::: Region :::: size :::: also :::: had : a ::::::::: significant :::::: impact ::: on :: all ::::::::: summary :::::::: statistics ::: and :: is :: a ::: key ::::::::: parameter :::::::::: influencing ::: the :::::: issued ::::::: danger :::: level, ::: but :::: also ::::: limits :::: the ::::::::::::: communication :: of :::::: spatial ::::::::: variations :: in ::: the :::::: danger ::::: level. : Operational constraints in the production and communication of avalanche forecasts , such as the size of warning regions, as well as differences in avalanche winter regimes, and variation in the ways the EADS is interpreted locally may contribute to inconsistencies : , ::: and ::::: may 20 :: be :::::::: potential ::::::: sources ::: for ::::::::::::::: misinterpretation :: by ::::::: forecast :::::: users. All these issues highlight the need to further harmonize the
A Method of Steganography – P Message With Q Coefficient (SPMQC)

In this paper, we are going to propose a method for Steganography- which is based on deceiving χ 2 algorithm. Since the cover image coefficients and stego image coefficients histograms have significant differences for purposes of statistical properties, statistical analysis of χ 2 -test reveals the existence of hidden messages inside stego image. We are introducing an idea for hiding messages in the cover image. It causes that DCT (Discrete Cosine Transforms) coefficient histogram not to have remarkable modification before and after embedding message. As a result, identifying the hidden message inside an image is impossible for an eavesdropper through χ 2 -test. In this paper, we are proposing a better method with developing this algorithm. In fact, the capacity and the security of embedding messages increase extremely. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ijece.v3i2. 2011 Full Text: PDF
Evolution of vacancy pores in bounded particles

In the present work, the behavior of vacancy pore inside of spherical particle is investigated. On the assumption of quasistationarity of diffusion fluxes, the nonlinear equation set was obtained analytically, that describes completely pore behavior inside of spherical particle. Limiting cases of small and large pores are considered. The comparison of numerical results with asymptotic behavior of considered limiting cases of small and large pores is discussed.
Import Competition and the Cost of Capital

We investigate how the displacement risk associated with import competition is reflected in the cost of capital. We sort U.S. industries on their exposure to import competition, based on shipping costs. We find that output and employment in high exposure industries is more sensitive to tariff cuts than in low exposure industries, consistent with the idea that they face a higher risk of being displaced by import competition. We then show that high exposure industries have a higher cost of capital. We confirm displacement risk of import competition is priced and covaries with the marginal utility of the representative agent.
Genetic Determination and Immunopathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Humans

Genetic Determination and Immunopathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Humans Type 1 diabetes comprises autoimmune-mediated and idiopathic beta-cell destruction of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans resulting to absolute insulin deficiency. Susceptibility to T1D is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is generally believed that environmental agents, such as viral infections, dietary factors in early infancy or climatic influences, trigger disease development in genetically susceptible individuals. Many candidate regions for diabetes genes have been reported, the insulin, glutamic acid 65, insuloma associated antigen 2, and zinc transporter ZnT8 genes being among the most important. The destruction of b cells is mediated mainly by cellular mechanisms; antibodies seem to reflect the ongoing autoimmune process only, not being directly involved in tissue damage. They, however, appear prior to the onset of insulin deficiency what makes us to profit from in prevention of the disease.
Scarcity of sites suitable for nesting promotes plesiobiosis in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Plesiobiosis is a rudimentary form of social symbiosis. It consists of the close proximity of nests of different social insect species. Numerous cases of plesiobiosis between ant species observed in a successional series of rocky habitatsinSFinlandarelistedandthemostinterestingofthemaredescribedindetail. Among all Lasius colonies found within the whole successional series studied, as many as 8.4% were plesiobiotically associated with other ants. In the two earliest successional stages: the shore meadow and the open rocky outcrop, the proportion was nearly 12% and 10% respectively. The finding of numerous plesiobiotically relatedneststhereisdiscussedinthecontextoftheuniquelocalhabitatconditions.