Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of an inherited cerebellar malformation in the Eurasier breed dog

Missbildungen des Kleinhirns konnen durch die Einwirkung von Noxen in den verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien des Kleinhirns oder genetisch bedingt sein. Genetisch bedingte Kleinhirndegenerationen wurden haufig beim Hund beschrieben. Diese zeigen sich mit progressive Ataxie und Kleinhirnatrophie. Es gibt in der Literatur jedoch nur wenige gesicherte Hinweise auf das Vorkommen einer erblichen Kleinhirnmissbildung beim Hund. Das Ziel dieser Studie war daher, den klinischen Phanotyp und die Befunde der bildgebenden Diagnostik einer potentiell vererbten Kleinhirnmissbildung beim Eurasier im Detail zu beschreiben. Klinische Befunde, Videoaufzeichnungen des Gangs und die Befunde der bildgebenden Diagnostik mit CT und MR von 32 Eurasiern mit neurologischen Symptomen wurden retrospektiv und prospektiv erhoben. Bei 14 Hunden wurde eine uniforme Kleinhirnmissbildung nachgewiesen, die durch Fehlen der kaudalen Anteile des cerebellaren Vemis und der kaudalen Anteile der Kleinhirnhemispharen sowie groβe retrocerebellare Flussigkeitsansammlungen charakterisiert war. Die Diagnose basierte auf den Befunden im MR (n = 8), CT (n = 3) und histopathologischen Befunden (n = 3). Zusatzlich fiel eine erhebliche Variabilitat in der Groβe der hinteren Schadelgrube sowie bei einigen Hunden auch Hydrocephalus und eine unterschiedliche Auspragung des Corpus callosum auf. Klinisch zeigten die betroffenen Hunde eine nicht-progressive cerebellare Ataxie, die sich erstmals zeigte wenn die Welpen zu laufen begannen. Der Grad der Ataxie variierte von mildem Schwanken des Rumpfes, milder Dysmetrie, Dysequilibrium und Ataxie der Hintergliedmasen bis zu hochgradiger cerebellarer Ataxie mit episodischem Fallen oder Rollen. Andere klinische Symptome waren Nystagmus, persistierend fehlende Drohreaktion eines Auges oder beider Augen bei Hunden, die alter als 10-12 Wochen waren, Kopftremor und epileptische Anfalle, die erstmalig in einem Alter von 5 Monaten bis zu 4 Jahren auftraten. Folgeuntersuchungen zeigten eine deutliche Verbesserung der cerebellaren Ataxie. Detaillierte Untersuchungen der Pedigrees und die eindeutige Erfassung des Phanotyps von Geschwistern und Eltern betroffener Hunde aus mehreren Wurfen auf der Basis von MR Untersuchungen wiesen auf das Vorliegen einer autosomal rezessiv vererbte Kleinhirnmissbildung hin. Zusammenfassend wurde in dieser Arbeit eine autosomal rezessiv vererbte Kleinhirnhypoplasie bei der Hunderasse Eurasier nachgewiesen, die auch einzelne Aspekte einer Dandy-Walker Malformation aufwies.
PLASMA EMISSION BY COUNTER-STREAMING ELECTRON BEAMS

The radiation emission mechanism responsible for both type-II and type-III solar radio bursts is commonly accepted as plasma emission. Recently Ganse et al. suggested that type-II radio bursts may be enhanced when the electron foreshock geometry of a coronal mass ejection contains a double hump structure. They reasoned that the counter-streaming electron beams that exist between the double shocks may enhance the nonlinear coalescence interaction, thereby giving rise to more efficient generation of radiation. Ganse et al. employed a particle-in-cell simulation to study such a scenario. The present paper revisits the same problem with EM weak turbulence theory, and show that the fundamental (F) emission is not greatly affected by the presence of counter-streaming beams, but the harmonic (H) emission becomes somewhat more effective when the two beams are present. The present finding is thus complementary to the work by Ganse et al.
Time Aggregation, Long-Run Money Demand and the Welfare Cost of Inflation

Abstract Two recent studies have found markedly different measures of the welfare cost of inflation in South Africa, obtained through the estimation of long-run money demand relationships using cointegration and long-horizon approaches. Realizing that the monetary aggregate and the interest rate variables are available at higher frequencies than the measure of income and that long-run properties of data are unaffected under alternative methods of time aggregation, we test for the robustness of the two estimation procedures under temporal aggregation and systematic sampling. Our results indicate that the long-horizon method is more robust to alternative methods of time aggregation, and, given this the welfare cost of inflation in South Africa for an inflation target band of 3 percent to 6 percent lies between 0,15 percent and 0,41 percent.
In-house mentoring and school leadership: Perceptions of well-performing primary school principals

A growing scholarship links good leadership with in-house mentoring. This article looks at how well-performing school leaders benefitted from the inhouse mentoring they received. The author reports on a qualitative investigation based on in-depth individual interviews with six primary school leaders from Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Northwest Provence who were purposefully selected based on their receiving a national award for excellence in leadership. These awards were made by the Department of Basic Education in the category 'Excellence in primary school leadership'. The findings show that in-house mentoring benefitted participants holistically through behavioural, knowledge and skills acquisition. Behavioural acquisition included being humble and empathetic towards constructive work performance. Knowledge and skills acquisition related to sustaining the standard of teaching of core subjects, relying on committee input in a relational leadership approach and ensuring a dedicated teacher corps and positive parent involvement. The findings contribute to the discourse on inhouse mentoring for improved school leadership practice.
Terrestrial-focused protected areas are e ff ective for conservation of freshwater fi sh diversity in Lake Tanganyika

Freshwater protected areas are rarely designed specifically for this purpose and consequently their conservation benefit cannot be guaranteed. Using Lake Tanganyika as a test case we investigated the benefits of terrestrialfocussed protected areas on the alpha and beta taxonomic and functional diversity of the diverse endemic rockyshore cichlid fishes. Lake Tanganyika has limited protected shorelines and continued human population growth in its catchment, which has potential for negative impacts on habitat quality and key biological processes. We conducted 554 underwater surveys across a gradient of human disturbance including two protected areas, along 180 km of Tanzanian coastline, sampling 70 cichlid species representing a diverse range of life-histories and trophic groups. Alpha diversity was up to 50% lower outside of protected areas, and herbivores appeared most affected. Turnover dominated within-locality variation in beta diversity, but the nestedness component was positively related to human disturbance indicating an increase in generalist species outside of protected areas. Within protected areas the decline in zeta diversity (the expected number of shared species across multiple surveys) was best described by power law functions, which occur when local abundance is predicted by regional abundance; but declined exponentially in unprotected waters indicating a dominance of stochastic assembly. Despite not being designed for the purpose, the protected areas are clearly benefitting cichlid taxonomic and functional diversity within Lake Tanganyika, probably through local reduction in sediment deposition and/or pollution, but as cichlids can be poor dispersers protected area coverage should be expanded to benefit isolated
Superplasticity Effects And Strain Rate Dependency In A Material Joining Process

The property of superplasticity of certain alloys, such as Ti6Al4V, where very large deformations can be reached before necking, has been used to manufacture complicated shapes in an economic fashion. In linear friction welding of Ti6Al4V this property cannot be used to the full extent, as the strain rates encountered at the rubbing interface during joining affect the yield stress of the material in an adverse way, thus limiting the operating range of this type of welding equipment.
Admissibility region for rarefaction shock waves in dense gases

In the vapour phase and close to the liquid–vapour saturation curve, fluids made of complex molecules are expected to exhibit a thermodynamic region in which the fundamental derivative of gasdynamic Γ is negative. In this region, non-classical gasdynamic phenomena such as rarefaction shock waves are physically admissible, namely they obey the second law of thermodynamics and fulfil the speed-orienting condition for mechanical stability. Previous studies have demonstrated that the thermodynamic states for which rarefaction shock waves are admissible are however not limited to the Γ<0 region. In this paper, the conditions for admissibility of rarefaction shocks are investigated. This results in the definition of a new thermodynamic region – the rarefaction shocks region – which embeds the Γ<0 region. The rarefaction shocks region is bounded by the saturation curve and by the locus of the states connecting double-sonic rarefaction shocks, i.e. shock waves in which both the pre-shock and post-shock states are sonic. Only one double-sonic shock is shown to be admissible along a given isentrope, therefore the double-sonic states can be connected by a single curve in the volume–pressure plane. This curve is named the double sonic locus. The influence of molecular complexity on the shape and size of the rarefaction shocks region is also illustrated by using the van der Waals model; these results are confirmed by very accurate multi-parameter thermodynamic models applied to siloxane fluids and are therefore of practical importance in experiments aimed at proving the existence of rarefaction shock waves in the single-phase vapour region as well as in future industrial applications operating in the non-classical regime.
Refractivity coefficients used in the assimilation of GPS radio occultation measurements

[1] The sensitivity of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) numerical weather prediction analyses to the empirical refractivity coefficients used to assimilate bending angles derived from GPS radio occultation measurements has been investigated. We have compared the Smith and Weintraub (1953) coefficients with the “best average” values proposed by Rueger (2002). The Rueger values produce simulated bending angles in the upper troposphere and stratosphere that are larger by ∼0.115%. This produces a cooling in the troposphere by around ∼−0.1 K, which improves the fit to radiosonde geopotential height measurements in the Northern Hemisphere but degrades the fit in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere. The cooling is caused primarily by Rueger's increase in the “k1” refractivity coefficient, which accounts for the dry air contribution to the total refractivity. It is confirmed that this cooling can be reduced by introducing nonideal gas effects in the hydrostatic integration of the forward model. However, the Rueger k1 coefficient should also be adjusted to k1 = 77.643 K hPa−1 if it is used in a forward model that includes nonideal gas effects when evaluating the refractivity from the model state. Furthermore, if the nonideal gas effects are introduced in a consistent way, we find that the Rueger coefficients plus nonideal gas effects produce very similar results to the Smith and Weintraub values, where nonideal gas effects are neglected.
Electrochemical Remediation of Oil Contaminated Fine Grained Soil

This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of electrochemical method as a remediation technique for oil contaminated clayey soil. Experimental setup consists of a square box made up of acrylic sheets, pair of graphite electrodes and a DC power supply. Soil contaminated by diesel engine oil was taken for the testing. The contaminated soil was treated under the current generated by a constant potential. Results showed that a significant reduction in oil content was obtained after electrochemical treatment. Compared to conventional methods followed for contaminated soil remediation, electro chemical treatment was found to be an effective method.
Information Processing of Advertising among Young People: The Elaboration Likelihood Model as Applied to Youth

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to test whether Petty and Cacioppo's Elaboration Likelihood Model is relevant to young people. An earlier central study on adults was replicated, through 330 in-depth interviews among three age groups (4–7, 8–11, 12–15). The findings: young people do not use either the central or peripheral route for changing attitudes as in the original adult studies. Indeed, in all three age groups, the young people's attitudes were similar in both high and low involvement. We offer explanations for these surprising findings.
FOLLOWER EFFECTIVENESS: THE LINK BETWEEN WORK VALUES AND BEHAVIOR.

How do effective followers behave, and how is their behavior influenced by their work values? In this study, the relation between follower work values and follower behavior is examined. Surveys were held among followers and leaders to comprehend the work values of followers. In addition, the actual behavior of 172 followers was coded through video observation during regular staff meetings. As hypothesized, results show that highly effective followers differentiate themselves through ‘intellectually stimulating’ each other during staff meetings. In addition, the behavior ‘directing’ during regular staff meetings was found to be significantly related to the work value type ‘self-transcendence’. The other behaviors, in the analyzed behavior repertoire, did not significantly relate to the work values. These findings have important implications for a research agenda that examines the behavioral repertoire of followers, as it deepens the understanding about follower behaviors, follower work values and follower effectiveness.
Analysis of variability determinants in Alternaria-Brassica-interactions

The pathogenic variability in four species of Alternaria is reported to be governed by determinant attributes viz., pathological, symptomatological, morphological, cultural, nutritional, biochemical, genetical, molecular, proteome level, thermo, and fungicidal sensitivity. Initially, observations on variability in cultural characteristics and pathogenesis of different isolates of Alternaria were made in A. brassicicolavegetables, A. brassicae–Brassica and A. raphani–radish host –pathosystem. A. alternata strains, from Crambe showed differences in their physiological and pathological characteristics; strain B was most virulent, strain A was moderately virulent, and strain C was least pathogenic on Crambe. Three races of A. brassicae viz., RM-1, RM-2 and V-3 virulent on rapeseed-mustard group of crops were identified. While race RM-1 was avirulent only on B. oleracea var. Capitata, race RM-2 was avirulent on both B. oleracea var. Capitata and B. oleracea var. Botrytis. Race V-3, from vegetable crops was most virulent on the all host differentials. Thirteen A. brassicae isolates evaluated on selected winter rape cultivars differed in their virulence.
INTERPRETIVE SUMMARY Biofilm production characterization of mecA and mecC methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from bovine milk in Great Britain. By Prenafeta et al. This study aimed to determine the biofilm formation ability of mecA and mecC methicillin-resistant Staphylococc

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of contagious intramammary infection in dairy cattle and the ability to produce biofilm is considered to be an important virulence property in the pathogenesis of mastitis. The aim of this study was to characterize the biofilm formation capacity of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), encoding mecA or mecC, isolated from bulk tank milk in Great Britain. For this purpose, 20 MRSA isolates were grown on microtiter plates to determine the biofilm production. Moreover, the presence of the intercellular adhesion genes icaA and icaD were analyzed by PCR. All the tested MRSA isolates were PCR positive for the ica genes and 10 of them (50%) produced biofilm in the microtiter plate assay. This is also the first demonstration of biofilm production by mecC MRSA.
ANALISIS SENYAWA ANTIFUNGAL BAKTERI ENDOFIT ASAL TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea Mays L.)

Endophytic bacteria repoted can produce metabolite as antifungal compound. This study was aimed to knowing and obtain antifungal compound wich are produced of endophytic bacteria to control fungal pathogen. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was done using surface sterilization method, furthermore hypersensitive reaction test of bacteria was done for selection pathogenicity of bacteria. Endophytic bacteria was tested their antagonism against fungal pathogen for selection the potential of endophytic bacteria. Isolate of endophytic bacteria which have highest growth inhibitor would be extracted and analyzed the antifungal compound. The result showed that threeisolate of endophytic bacteria wich one potentially in inhibiting fungal pathogen are isolate EF14III, ER1I and ER101. Isolate bacteria ER1I was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of fungal pathogen. Antifungal compound in isolate bacteria ER1I are fenol, lauric acid , propenoic acid , and cyclohexanone . Keywords : Antifungal compound, Endophytic Bacteria, Fungal pathogen
Important information in word of mouth communication: acquisition vs. dissemination

This paper proposes a new conceptual framework to understand word of mouth communication. It shifts the focus away from the present emphasis on the receiver and their acquisition of information, to highlight the role of the consumer as a sender and their decisions to disseminate information. A framework to understand the consumer’s ‘decision to disseminate’ is proposed using Random Utility Theory and Information-Processing Theory. This conceptual framework integrates extant literature concerning the structure and flow of word of mouth networks and offers a new theoretical and methodological approach to investigate word of mouth phenomenon.
Characteristics of Subnormal Glow Discharge in Longitudinal Magnetic Field in Air

The current-voltage characteristic of subnormal glo w discharge has a negative slope [1]. The voltage decreases exponentially with the discha rge current. This property has been studied and an analytical expression has been intro duced to represent the subnormal glow region [2]. This expression contains a dimensional constant mp. In transverse magnetic field the same work has been studied and the subnor mal glow discharge has been explained satisfactorily using the same analytical expression [3]. The aim of the present work is to study the current-voltage characteristic in longitudinal magnetic field and to explain the subnormal glow discharge with the intro duced dimensional constant m p. It is observed that the subnormal glow discharge is expla ined satisfactorily in longitudinal magnetic field as well using the analytical express ion containing dimensional constant mp.
Awareness and attitude of health care workers in a teaching hospital in southwestern Nigeria towards nosocomial infections

Despite advances in health care system, Nosocomial infections (NIs) still remain a preventable disease threatening public health. This study assessed awareness and attitude of health care workers in LAUTECH teaching Hospital Osogbo towards Nosocomial infections. Descriptive cross sectional study among hospital workers using multistage sampling method was used. Research instruments were semi structured self administered and pre-tested questionnaires, and data analyzed using the SPSS software. Eighty three (91.2%), 77 (84.6%) and 59 (64.8%) of the health workers were aware of patients, hospital staff and hospital environment, respectively as causes of nosocomial infections. Thirty one (34.1%) were aware of presence of their hospital policy on control of nosocomial infections, while 36(39.6%) were aware of presence of infection control committee in the hospital. Twelve (13.2%) has ever notified nosocomial infection. Preventive practices towards nosocomial infections were favourable for hand washing, and unfavourable for self reporting to the staff clinic when sick. There is no significant association between ever reported or willingness to report nosocomial infections and awareness of hospital policy or presence of infection control committee in the hospital (P > 0.05). There is a need to raise awareness on nosocomial infections among health care workers as well as preventive measures against these infections. Key words: Nosocomial infection (NIs), infection control committee, health care workers (HCWs).
The cyclicality and development of government expenditure in the visegrad group

The aim of the article is to provide direct empirical evidence on government expenditure in the Visegrad Group. Government expenditure plays important role in a fiscal policy of each country as a possible automatic stabilizer. Previously published studies are weakly supported by the data particularly in emerging and post-transition economies that’s why the analysis is focused on Visegrad countries. The article concentrates on development of total government expenditure, changes in the structure, and also on the cyclicality of government expenditure. We used annual data on government expenditure in compliance with the COFOG international standard during the period 1995 – 2009. GDP time series were cyclically adjusted. The results suggest that government expenditure and their allocation are similar in Visegrad Group despite the existing differences in the size of the public sector. On the other hand the cyclicality of government expenditure differs across the countries. Government expenditure is countercyclical only in the Slovak Republic, it is procyclical in other countries of the Visegrad Group.
RESIDUAL STAND DAMAGE CAUSED BY MECHANIZED HARVESTING SYSTEMS

The development and deployment of harvesting systems aims to provide physically feasible, economically viable, and environmentally sound solutions. The paper aims to investigate one impact of environmental soundness - the effects of four harvesting systems on the frequency and the characteristics of residual tree damages. The following harvesting systems were surveyed: (i) a cut-to-length wheeled harvester-forwarder system, (ii) a cut-to-length tracked harvester-forwarder system (iii) a cut-to-length harvester-cable yarder system, and (iv) a whole-tree chainsaw-cable yarder-processor system working in Norway spruce stands. After finishing the harvesting operations, a field survey was done to collect data of all residual trees (species, DBH, height) and of tree wounds (size class, location and intensity of damage). The CTL wheeled harvester-forwarder system showed the lowest damage percentage, followed by the CTL tracked harvester-forwarder system, the CTL harvester-cable yarder system and the WT chainsaw- cable yarder processor system. Currently the description of the character of tree damages is confined to the two CTL harvester-forwarder systems, whereas no mentionable differences were found.