Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Intranasal and Intramuscular Administration of Zolazepam-Tiletamine Combination in Cats

Absract: The purpose of the current study was to compare intranasal (IN) and intramuscular (IM) administration of zolazepam-tiletamine (ZT) combination in cats. Eight adult healthy cats weighing 2.47 ± 0.6 kg were used. Each animal received 10 mg/kg ZT combination by IN and IM routes with a minimum one week intervals. The onset of sedation, the length of surgical anaesthesia and the recovery time were recorded. The parameters were recorded immediately before and at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min after administration of ZT combination. No anaesthetic complication was observed in either administration route. Recovery was uneventful in all animals. There were no statistical differences between the IN and IM administration with respect to onset of sedation and the length of anaesthesia. Recovery time was significantly shorter when the ZT combination was administered IN route (30.63 ± 0.32 min) compared to IM injection (33.38 ± 0.32 min). The route of administration of the ZT combination had no effect on heart rate (P = 0.388), respiratory rate (P = 0.628), rectal temperature (P = 0.066), and peripheral haemoglobin oxygen saturation (P = 0.442). Intranasal administration of ZT combination can be an alternative technique for sedation in cats.
Economic impacts of public subsidies on young innovating SME's performances: the case of the French National Competition for creation of New Technology-based Firms

Faced with the technological changes and with the rise of international competition, the competitiveness of firms is based more and more on innovation. In this context, the new innovating firms are regarded as source of competitive dynamism. However, these firms encounter difficulties to finance their activities; it is thus widely acknowledged that there is a need for public support towards these innovating SMEs. In this context, the French government launched in 1999 a National Competition for creation of New Technology-based Firms, which rewards some innovating projects in giving them a financial and managerial support to start and develop their activity. Ten years after the creation of the competition, we propose to evaluate its economic effects: How did the Competition winners grow and survive? We thus analyse the characteristics of the firms that have won the competition and focus our study on the factors of survival of these firms. To undertake our analysis, we use a database from the French ministry of research, composed of the prize-winning firms. This database is merged with the DIANE database, which gives financial information on firms. Our analysis is then based on three categories of indicators to characterise the survival rate and the factors of survival of new firms. We distinguish indicators related to the firms itself, the entrepreneur, and the environment of the firm. Our results show that the firms that won the contest have a higher survival rate than other firms. We also show that the indicators to explain the survival rate are similar to the one found in the literature.
Time resolved nonlinear spectroscopy at the band edge of 1D photonic crystals

Large refractive index changes have been measured at the band edge frequency of 1D photonic crystals (PCs). Results concerning both thin and thick samples of high and low refractive index contrasts, respectively, are presented. The very large value of the refractive index changes obtained at moderate pump powers thanks to the strong enhancement of the local intensity inside the PC opens the way to very small volume devices for optical signal processing. However, time resolved experiments demonstrate the photo-generation of high free carrier densities through two- or even three-photon absorptions, which are shown to be also strongly enhanced at the band edge of the PC. This drawback may most probably be circumvented by using lower pump intensities in PCs showing narrower resonances.
Carbon Abundances in Starburst Galaxies of the Local Universe

The cosmological origin of carbon, the fourth most abundant element in the universe, is not well known and a matter of heavy debate. We investigate the behavior of C/O to O/H in order to constrain the production mechanism of carbon. We measured emission-line intensities in the spectral range from 1600 to 10000 Å on Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) long-slit spectra of 18 starburst galaxies in the local universe. We determined chemical abundances through traditional nebular analysis, and we used a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to determine where our carbon and oxygen abundances lie in the parameter space. We conclude that our C and O abundance measurements are sensible. We analyzed the behavior of our sample in the [C/O] versus [O/H] diagram with respect to other objects such as DLAs, neutral ISM measurements, and disk and halo stars, finding that each type of object seems to be located in a specific region of the diagram. Our sample shows a steeper C/O versus O/H slope with respect to other samples, suggesting that massive stars contribute more to the production of C than N at higher metallicities, only for objects where massive stars are numerous; otherwise, intermediate-mass stars dominate the C and N production.
Trogus parasitoids of Papilio butterflies undergo extended diapause in western Canada (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)

Diapause that extends across multiple years is considered a bet-hedging strategy in insect species that are exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions. The dynamics of extended diapause in herbivores can be complicated when their parasitoids can also extend diapause, although our knowledge of these dynamics is based primarily on pest species. Here, we report on regional variation in the phenology and life history of Trogus parasitoids of Papilio machaon group swallowtail butterflies in western Canada. We observed flexible phenological patterns in this interaction, with both hosts and parasitoids undergoing extended diapause. Additionally, we documented parasitism of earlier instar larvae in these Trogus species, which to our knowledge has not been observed in North America. Our observations provide a foundation for studying the potential evolutionary consequences of extended diapause in these multispecies interactions.
Primary and Secondary control StrategieS: imPlicationS for HealtH and Well-Being among older adultS

As people move into advanced old age, they face increasing levels of age-related activity restriction. It becomes important that older adults adjust their goal-striving to age-related control restrictions in order to optimize physical and psychological well-being in this advanced and ! nal stage of life. Older adults may use a variety of different control strategies to adjust to age-related activity restriction, initially in attempts to accomplish tasks, and then to ameliorate the negative psychological consequences of being unable to do so. In this study, cluster analysis revealed four unique patterns of primary and secondary control strategy use among 190 very old (79‐98 years) community-dwelling adults. The majority of individuals were classi! ed in a Primary Control Group (42.1%) characterized by continued task persistence. Second, a Multi-Strategy Group (16.3%) endorsed a combination of modi! ed primary control strategies and compensatory secondary strategies. Third, a Relinquished Control Group (22.1%) was characterized by the abandonment of primary strategies and only modest use of supplemental compensatory secondary strategies. Finally, a Failure to Compensate Group (19.5%) This study was supported by a Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) doctoral scholarship and a Manitoba Graduate Studentship (MGS) to the first author, a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) operating grant and a Mid Career Award in Aging to the third author, a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) doctoral scholarship to the fourth author, and a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) operating grant #410-2007-2225 to the
Differences in severity of mastitis and the pathogens causing various oxidative product levels

Differences in severity of mastitis and their causing pathogens might be associated with oxidative product levels occurring during the inflammatory process in infected udders. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship of oxidative product levels, using malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker on both mastitis severity and its causing pathogens. Quarter milk samples of all lactating cows in the selected farms were primarily tested for mastitis severity levels including clinical and subclinical mastitis. All quarter milk samples from mastitis cows were separately collected for MDA measurement and bacteriological analyses. Results showed that MDA in clinical mastitis quarters was highest in comparison to sub-clinical mastitis and healthy quarters. MDA in milk samples with Strep. uberis and coagulase negative staphylococci was higher than in milk samples without any pathogens (p < 0.05). In conclusion, differences in both severity of mastitis and mastitis pathogens were associated with differences of oxidative products in infected udders.
Well-posedness and regularity of the Cauchy problem for nonlinear fractional in time and space equations

The purpose is to study the Cauchy problem for non-linear in time and space pseudo- differential equations. These include the fractional in time versions of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations governing the limits of controlled scaled Continuous Time Random Walks (CTRWs). As a preliminary step which is of independent interest we analyse the corresponding linear equation proving its well-posedness and smoothing properties.
Relationship of Blood Metabolites with Reproductive Parameters during Various Seasons in Murrah Buffaloes

Peri-partum metabolic profile was evaluated in winter and summer calving, with 15 Murrah buffaloes in each seasonal group. In summer calvers, significantly lower values were observed for blood plasma urea nitrogen (BUN) at day 30 pre-partum (p90, and pregnancy risk to first service up to days 60 and 90. This may be attributed to better pre-partum nutritional status. Cervical and uterine involution were completed in fewer days, involutional changes took place at a faster pace and there were a lower number of abnormal involutional changes in winter compared to summer season. This may be attributed to better post-partum nutrition and less environmental stress. However, validation requires further targeted cohort investigation with a large sample size.
Exploring the Effects of Video Self-Modeling as an Intervention for Social Interactions in Young Children with Disabilities

Video Self-Modeling (VSM) provides learning opportunities for young children with disabilities through technology by watching a 3-minute video clip of himself/herself successfully performing a desired behavior. In this study, a single case multiple-baseline design was used to determine the effectiveness of VSM in increasing social interactions specifically in the area of cooperative play in three young children ages 4 years old and 5 years old. The participants in the study receive Special Education Services under the Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), and Developmental and Cognitively Delayed (DCD) educational categorical labels and participate in a center-based classroom with non-typical peers. VSM enhanced overall play skills, appropriate play, and engagement in play activities. The relationship between educational labels and VSM effectiveness is discussed along with other factors that may influence VSM outcomes with young children with a variety of disabilities.
The Macroeconomic and Welfare Implications of China ’ s Rural Health Insurance and Pension Reforms

We assess the impact of recent rural health insurance and pension reforms on macroeconomic outcomes and welfare in a dynamic general equilibrium model calibrated to the Chinese economy. These reforms provide modest rural pensions and reimbursement of a portion of healthcare costs, but at rates that are lower than those in place in the urban sector. We show the reforms lead to modest reductions in labor supply and savings and lower income per capita but large welfare improvements overall. The welfare gains are driven by rural health insurance providing relief from the risk of catastrophic medical expenditures that reduce household savings and force long working hours. In contrast, the pay-asyou-go rural pension results in a small net welfare loss due to induced changes in savings behavior. Our welfare results hold when incorporating the projected old-age dependency ratio for the year 2050 and increasing reimbursement rates to match current urban levels. JEL classifications: E62, H55, I13
A Comparative Analysis of Computational Indel Calling Pipelines for Next Generation Sequencing Data

Insertions and deletions (indels), are one of the most common class of mutations in the human genome. Correctly detecting and identifying indels is important in the study of human genetics and disease. We evaluated the precision and recall of combinations of read mapping and indel calling software on calling short and longer indels with variable read coverage on simulated data. We examined the popular read mappers BFAST, Bowtie2, BWA, and Shrimp and the indel callers Dindel, FreeBayes, and SNVer. Interestingly there were interactions between read mappers and indel callers. On simulated data, the BFAST-Dindel and Shrimp-SNVer pipelines showed superior performance in most cases. Real data from human chromosome 22 with indels determined from an alternative indel pipeline were used to validate the computational pipelines and to assess run-time. The ShrimpSNVer pipeline was the most accurate, while pipelines with FreeBayes did poorly. We discuss reasons for pipeline accuracy.
Quantifying human well‐being for sustainability research and policy

Abstract To address human dependence on natural resources and anthropogenic impacts on ecosystem health, understanding and management of the linkages between nature and human well‐being (HWB) are urgently needed. One fundamental barrier is the lack of quantitative indicators and models that integrate HWB with direct and indirect drivers of change in natural resources. While primary surveys provide the most valid HWB measures, extensive new data collection is often costly, especially for large‐scale studies. Therefore, it is vital to develop methods and indices based on existing data (e.g., census data, survey data) for real‐world application. To address this, we propose a new method of using structural equation modeling to construct robust, spatially explicit HWB indices from existing data and demonstrate its validity and usefulness in Cambodia. Our method is scale‐free and applicable to different frameworks and data sources and thus supports relatively easy replication in many other contexts. Further application and refinement could improve understanding of human–nature interactions, move toward robust theory development, and guide natural resource management decisions.
Corporate Hypocrisy: Overcoming the Threat of Inconsistent Corporate Social Responsibility Perceptions

Reports of firms' behaviors with regard to corporate social responsibility (CSR) are often contrary to their stated standards of social responsibility. This research examines the effects of communication strategies a firm can use to mitigate the impact of these inconsistencies on consumer perceptions of corporate hypocrisy and subsequent beliefs about the firm's social responsibility and attitudes toward the firm. Study 1 indicates that a proactive communication strategy (when the firm's CSR statements precede conflicting observed behavior) leads to higher levels of perceived hypocrisy than a reactive strategy (when the firm's CSR statements follow observed behavior). The inconsistent information in both scenarios increases perceptions of hypocrisy, such that CSR statements can actually be counterproductive. Study 1 also reveals how perceived hypocrisy damages consumers' attitudes toward firms by negatively affecting CSR beliefs and provides evidence for the mediating role of hypocrisy during information processing. Study 2 finds that varying CSR policy statement abstractness acts to reduce the hidden risk of proactive communication strategies and can improve the effectiveness of a reactive strategy. Study 3 reveals that an inoculation communication strategy reduces perceived hypocrisy and minimizes its negative consequences, regardless of whether the CSR strategy is proactive or reactive.
Shoreline Cross-bedded Biocalcarenites (Middle Miocene) in the Podvrsko-Snjegavic Area, Mt. Psunj, and their Petroleum Significance (Pozega Subdepression - Eastern Croatia)

The extensively distributed bioclastic sedimentary bodies in the Podvrsko-Snjegavic Area, Mt. Psunj (Pozega Subdepression, Eastern Croatia) are mostly composed of fragments of bryozoans, echinoids, lamellibranchs and corallinaceans. Apart from this, a relatively compositionally uniform, but granulometrically variable bioclastic detritus occurs, which also contains a smaller proportion (5-30%) of siliciclastic grains of medium to coarse sand, as well as sporadic pebbles up to 60 mm in diameter. These sediments are characterised by remarkably large-scale cross-bedding with erosional surfaces clearly delimiting the sets. They are interpreted as shallow-marine shoreface subaqueous dunes, sand bars and barriers formed on the nearshore - mainly shoreface area during the Late Badenian in a high-energy depositional cycle with strong synsedimentary tectonics. With regard to the petroleum-geological reservoir characteristics, the described Middle Miocene cross-bedded biocalcarenites are compared with numerous large oil and gas pools globally, and in other localities in Croatia on the margins of inselberg massifs between the Drava and Sava rivers and south of the Sava river.
Transmission of microsporidiato humans: Water-borne, food-borne, air-borne, zoonotic, or anthroponotic?

Increasing numbers of report suggest different possible modes of transmission of microsporidia to humans. As early as 1997, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the most frequent human-pathogenic microsporidium, was detected in surface water of the river Seine near Paris, France. Subsequent investigations have confirmed the finding of E. bieneusi in surface waters, and a second human-pathogenic microsporidium, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, was also found in ground water. In the summer of 1995, an outbreak of intestinal microsporidiosis in 200 persons was observed in the city of Lyon, France, which was confined to I of 3 independent drinking water treatment systems of that city. The small size of the spores makes them difficult to remove using conventional water filtration techniques and there is growing concern that they may possess increased resistance to chlorine disinfection. It has been demonstrated that microsporidia can survive for more than 3 weeks at 20°C and even longer at lower temperatures. Another conceivable route of transmission is via food, since E. intestinalis has recently been found in irrigation waters used for crop production. However, all attempts to detect microsporidia in food products thus far have failed. Infection by inhalation has also been suggested, because Encephalitozoon spp and E. bieneusi have been found in sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the bronchoalveolar epithelium of infected individuals. Finally, there is evidence for a fecal-oral smear infection route, from a case report describing the seroconversion of a 10-year-old girl to another microsporidium, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, after contact with an infected dog. It should be noted, however, with the possible exception of the latter report, finding the pathogen without demonstrating subsequent infection is only circumstantial evidence for a particular mode of transmission, and the relative frequencies of these different routes cannot be assessed. In principle, these questions could be addressed by epidemiological investigations, notably from identifying risk factors for infection by case-control studies. Unfortunately, such studies are notably rare also because significant numbers of cases are difficult to assemble. One unmatched case-control study of 30 cases described an association of intestinal microsporidiosis with male homosexuality as well as swimming in pools and suggested sexual and water-borne routes of fecal-oral transmission. Still, further and more extensive studies are needed. Closely related to the route of transmission is the need for elucidation of the reservoir hosts. To do this, fingerprinting techniques are self-suggestive, which are best elaborated for E. bieneusi. Here, at least 26 confirmed polymorphic loci exist in the internal transcribed spacer of the rRNA gene. From phylogenetic analyses of these polymorphisms, a zoonotic potential has been demonstrated for E. bieneusi, with cats, pigs, and cattle, as reservoirs.
Evaluating Drosophila suzukii immunomarking for mark‐capture research

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) utilizes ‘Himalaya’ blackberry, Rubus armeniacus Focke (Rosaceae), as a host and may invade berry and stone fruit crops from field margins containing this invasive weed. Laboratory and semi‐field studies were conducted to determine (1) the persistence of protein marks including 10% chicken egg whites (egg albumin protein), 20% bovine milk (milk casein protein), and 20% soy milk (soy trypsin inhibitor protein) on topically sprayed D. suzukii, (2) protein retention on blackberry leaves, and (3) D. suzukii acquisition of protein after exposure to marked blackberry leaves for up to 14 days after application. All flies and leaves were assayed for the presence of the protein marks using protein‐specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Egg albumin, milk casein, and soy trypsin proteins persisted on 94, 49, and 25% of the topically marked D. suzukii, respectively, throughout the 14‐day study period. Egg albumin was retained on 100% of treated leaves for 14 days, regardless of environmental conditions. At least 50% of flies exposed residually to egg albumin‐treated leaves were marked for 3 days, regardless of exposure time and environmental conditions. However, increasing fly exposure time to treated leaves in April and June appeared to improve protein mark acquisition. Acquisition of protein by flies from treated leaves for milk casein was inconsistent, and poor for soy trypsin, despite detectable levels on treated leaves. Egg albumin had the longest and most consistent persistence on flies, leaves, and flies exposed to leaves in laboratory and semi‐field studies, under a variety of environmental conditions and exposure times.
Improving semiparametric estimation by using surrogate data

Summary. The paper considers estimating a parameter β that defines an estimating function U(y, x, β) for an outcome variable y and its covariate x when the outcome is missing in some of the observations. We assume that, in addition to the outcome and the covariate, a surrogate outcome is available in every observation. The efficiency of existing estimators for β depends critically on correctly specifying the conditional expectation of U given the surrogate and the covariate. When the conditional expectation is not correctly specified, which is the most likely scenario in practice, the efficiency of estimation can be severely compromised even if the propensity function (of missingness) is correctly specified. We propose an estimator that is robust against the choice of the conditional expectation via an empirical likelihood. We demonstrate that the estimator proposed achieves a gain in efficiency whether the conditional score is correctly specified or not. When the conditional score is correctly specified, the estimator reaches the semiparametric variance bound within the class of estimating functions that are generated by U. The practical performance of the estimator is evaluated by using simulation and a data set that is based on the 1996 US presidential election.