Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research Article A study of gender preference, knowledge and attitude regarding prenatal diagnostic techniques act among pregnant women in an urban slum of Bengaluru

Background: Preference for a son continues to be a prevalent norm even in modern India which is evident from the recent census report. The most alarming aspect is a further fall in child sex ratio (0-6 years) from 927 in 2001 to 914 in 2011. Sex selective abortion is the major factor responsible for this unfavorable trend. The objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women regarding Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act and gender preference. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in100 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics of Sulthanpalaya Urban health center, Bangalore. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to get information. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0. Results: In this study 53% showed preference for a male child. Only 37% were aware about the decline in sex ratio and 59% knew that PNDT act existed and sex determination was legally wrong. Over all 41% had poor knowledge. Whereas 43% had average and 16% had good knowledge and 74% had the right attitude in this study. Good knowledge about PNDT act had significant influence on the attitude of the people (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The falling ratio of girl child is a matter of grave concern. Effective implementation of the PNDT Act in addition to spreading awareness about this act among people is the need of the hour. Moreover, it is necessary to gear efforts against the cultural, economic and religious roots of this social malady by woman empowerment.
Avaliação do efeito do complexo osseína-hidroxiapatita na consolidação das fraturas na desnutrição protéica: estudo experimental em ratos

Assessement of the effect of ossein-hidroxiapatite compound in the fracture healing under protein malnutrition: experimental essay in rats. An experimental essay was carried out with 40 Wistar male rats to assess the effect of the ossein-hidroxiapatite compound (OHC) in the fracture healing in animal under protein diet and no protein diet, which were divided into four groups, at random, which received or did not receive the compound. Each group with 10 animals, was divided into: group I, protein diet, without OHC; group II, protein diet, with OHC; group III, no protein diet, without OHC; group IV, no protein diet, with OHC. The fractures were made similarly as to the trace and site in all groups in the 15th day, when groups II and IV started receiving a daily dose of 20mg of the OHC, orally. Blood samples were drawn from all groups on the 1st , 15th and 43rd days. The animals underwent euthanasia on the 43rd day. Weight control as well as calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase total proteins, albumin, and osteocalcine were determined. The fractured limb was desarticulated in the hip joint on the 43rd day, and the bone callus was submitted to histological, histomorphometric, radiographic, planimetric and densitometric examination. It was concluded, after statistical analysis, that the OHC did not interfere significantly, in general assessment in bone callus formation in malnutrition and nourished animals. However it showed significant interference in some results such as albumin and alkaline phosphatase blood samples, in the planimetry and weight of the animals.
Computers in Context: The Philosophy and Practice of Systems Design

Listen to Howard Aiken physicist at Harvard and designer of some of the very first computers, speaking in 1956: “. if it should ever turn out that the basic logics of a machine designed for the numerical solution of differential equations coincide with the logics of a machine intended to make bills for a department store, I would regard this as the most amazing coincidence that I have ever encountered. ”
Pseudomembranous Candidiasis Indicates High Level Drug Resistance among Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment in Nairobi East District, Kenya

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine antiretroviral drug resistance patterns in Results: Out of (n=45) patients with OPC, (n=28; 62%) had high HIV-RNA levels. The (n=28) patients who mostly presented with pseudomembraneuos candidiasis (n=26; p<.0001), had significantly more previous episodes of OPC (55% versus 18%; P<0.0373) lower median CD4 cell counts (74 versus 521; P<.0001) and higher HIV-RNA median plasma levels (111,191 copies/ml versus <20; P<.0001). The sensitivity (0.96) and specificity (0.87) of pseudomebraneous candidiasis to predict virological failure was high.
Interactive Open Access Publishing and Peer Review: The Effectiveness and Perspectives of Transparency and Self-Regulation in Scientific Communication and Evaluation

The traditional forms of scientific publishing and peer review do not live up to the demands of efficient communication and quality assurance in today's highly diverse and rapidly evolving world of science. They need to be advanced by interactive and transparent forms of review, publication and discussion that are open to the scientific community and to the public. The advantages of open access, public peer review and interactive discussion can be efficiently and flexibly combined with the strengths of traditional publishing and peer review. Since 2001 the viability of this approach is demonstrated by the highly successful interactive open access journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) and a growing number of sister journals of the European Geosciences Union (EGU) and Copernicus Publications. The achievements and statistics of these journals and their publishers clearly prove both the scientific benefits and the financial sustainability of open access. Future perspectives are outlined with regard to critical rationalism, open societies and the global information commons.
Presentation, complications and management outcome of community acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Background : Pneumonia remains a leading cause of U-5 morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Nigeria. This study was conducted to determine the clinical presentation, complications and factors contributing to mortality in the hospitalized children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Methods : Children younger than 14 years admitted into the Emergency Paediatric Unit of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), Maiduguri, in 2011 with the diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia were followed up until discharge or death. Chest radiographs were read by radiologists. Results : Eighty nine children aged two months to 14 years were studied. The commonest clinical features were fever, cough, tachypnoea and dyspnoea. Radiographic evidence of pneumonia was found in 84 (94.4%) of cases. Dehydration and congestive cardiac failure (CCF) were the commonest complications encountered. Eight (9.0%) children died, seven of whom had complications of pneumonia. The rate of occurrence of complications, radiographic pattern of pneumonia and outcome of treatment did not significantly differ statistically in the different age groups; p = 0.135, 0.622 and 0.167 respectively. Conclusion : While dehydration and CCF were found to be commonest complications, mortality was commoner among the male infants hospitalized for pneumonia.
Essai de valorisation d'écarts de triage de dattes : élaboration et caractérisation d'un extrait concentré de la pulpe

En Tunisie, les ecarts de triage des dattes restent non valorises malgre une composition nutritionnelle comparable a celle des fruits de haute valeur marchande. Cette etude a consiste en un essai de valorisation base sur la fabrication de concentre d'extrait de dattes. Le schema technologique adopte a ete inspire d'un procede artisanal. L'extrait de dattes obtenu a ete concentre par evaporation dans une enceinte alimentaire ouverte dans des conditions bien definies. La composition chimique, les caracteristiques physicochimiques et certains descripteurs sensoriels des produits obtenus ont ete determines. Le produit fini est une pâte granulee ayant un gout et une couleur caracteristiques. En effet, le concentre de jus de dattes est caracterise par une valeur nutritionnelle elevee marquee par des teneurs elevees en sucres et en mineraux et des proprietes sensorielles appreciables (fermete, viscosite, couleur,.). L'extrait concentre de pulpe de dattes pourrait etre utilise comme ingredient dans les industries agroalimentaires.
Stars versus Rainbows: Walt Disney’s and Jim Henson’s “Philosophies of Childhood”

The television special The Muppets go to Walt Disney World (1990) provides an unique opportunity to discuss the differences between two influential producers of children’s media culture, Jim Henson and Walt Disney. Several scholars highlight distinctive differences between Disney and Henson’s products, including Jack Zipes. The film was created both as promotional material for the park and the new Muppet 3D adventure ride; it also marked the merger of Jim Henson Productions within the Walt Disney Corporation. With the sudden death of Henson, the deal was called off. The special still demonstrates many of the important ideological differences between the Henson and Disney conception of childhood and family. Drawing on Karal Ann Marling, Peter Stevens, and Virginia Salamone’s work on the constructed nature of the park experience, this paper examines how the Muppet’s visit breaks and bends both the expected behavior of visitors and their expected pleasure. Central to the examination become the distinctions between social and moral transgression, and biological versus found families. Disney theme parks and films focus on the importance of social conformity as way to protect of childhood innocence, which is opposed by Henson’s characters experimentation and self discovery. Henson’s character separate experiences with the park critique Disney’s biological definition of family. These conflicting notions and satire of classic Disney values may explain why this special has not been re-released, despite Disney purchase of the Muppet franchise in 2006.
Differential Diagnosis of Anomalies of the Great Arteries by Real,time Two,dimensional Echocardiography

A recently developed sector-scanner that produces real-time, two-dimensional echocardiograms was used to determine whether visualization of the great arteries at their origin would provide diagnostically useful information in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Thirty-one patients (age 2 to 31 years; weight 5 to 50 kg) previously diagnosed by cardiac catheterization were studied. Images were generated perpendicular to the long axis of the heart at the level of the origin of the great arteries. Satisfactory great artery visualization was obtained in 27 of 31 patients. Arteries in cross-section appeared as circles; those sectioned longitudinally appeared sausage-shaped. Three great artery patterns were seen: a) a large single circle, seen in four patients with truncus arteriosus and two with pulmonary atresia; b) two adjacent circles, seen in 11 patients with transposition of great arteries, two patients with corrected transposition and one with double outlet right ventricle; and c) a circle with a sausage-shaped structure curving anteriorly from right to left, seen in five patients with tetralogy of Fallot, one patient with a large ventricular septal defect complicated by an Eisenmenger reaction and one patient with a ventricular septal defect and valvular pulmonic stenosis. This latter pattern, also seen in ten normal subjects, is characteristic of normally related great arteries. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography is an accurate noninvasive technique for categorizing individuals with congenital anomalies of the great arteries.
What can we learn from physicians' online biographies to help in choosing a doctor? Not much. A content analysis of primary care physician biographies

Abstract Objective To determine whether the qualities and characteristics potential patients would like to know about doctors before making a choice about who to visit are present in their online biographies. Methods More than 1400 randomly selected family practice physician biographies were coded from 152 health systems in the United States. Biographies were coded for the presence of 24 pieces of information (e.g. was a photo present, was the doctor's medical schooling listed, and were personal hobbies/interests noted). Results The most popular pieces of information provided are the doctor's gender, the doctor's clinic address, where the doctor went to medical school and performed residency, the doctor's board certification, and the doctor's photograph. Information, as indicated from prior studies, that patients think is important to know when choosing a new family physician (e.g. communication skills, interests outside of medicine) are rarely able to be determined from biographies. Conclusion Healthcare systems are not offering potential patients all of the information they might like to know about a doctor before making a choice of who to initially visit. Practice implications Adding just a little more information to biographies (e.g. personal interests of the doctor) could make a sometimes difficult choice easier on prospective patients. The inclusion of physician-introductory videos could also be helpful.
The clinical librarians and information professionals’ role in tele-medicine: assisting the general practitioners working in rural areas of Kerman Province in the treatment process

Introduction: Over the last decade, the role of clinical librarians in assisting general practitioners to provide better health care has been proved. Rapid progress in telecommunication technology has emerged this question. Could clinical librarians be able to assist general practitioners working in rural and remote areas through Information and communication technologies? This project sought to evaluate whether clinical librarians are able to provide accurate and updated information to physicians. Method: Twenty general practitioners working in non rural working in remote areas of Kerman were requested to ask clinical librarians 5 questions through a phone line each over the period of two months whenever they felt they need to have more information on a matter related to their practice. Then all questions and answers were evaluated by expert medical specialists and pharmacists who were academic staff of Kerman University of Medical Sciences . Clinical librarians’ role was also evaluated by an electronic questionnaire sent to general practitioners. Results: Over 80 percents of the answers were evaluated as perfect and 10 percent as good. Only 10 percent of the answers were scored as wrong. Conclusion: Clinical librarians are able to provide reliable information to remote and rural physicians, The fact which has been also verified by the specialists. However, clinical librarians need to improve their English language and their knowledge about online search strategies and basic medication. Telecommunication infrastructure and suitable internet speed for online search by librarians are very important.
A systematic review of the association between healthcare accreditation and patient satisfaction

Improving patient satisfaction has become a major goal in all healthcare settings. Accreditation can play an important role in improving patient satisfaction, but the impact of accreditation on patient satisfaction is unclear. The objective of this systematic review is to identify and analyse research examining the effect of healthcare accreditation on patient satisfaction. Four databases were searched: Medline, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE and PUBMED. Hand-searching of reference lists from full-text articles was also conducted. The review included all scientific literature published on the relationship between healthcare accreditation and patient satisfaction.From an initial list of over 220 articles, the authors identified 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The 20 studies were classified into three categories: those comparing patient satisfaction in accredited and non-accredited healthcare organisations; those comparing patient satisfaction before and after healthcare accreditation; and patient involvement in healthcare accreditation.The existing literature provides no clear evidence that healthcare accreditation improves patient satisfaction.
Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein Levels According to Blood Culture Results in Intensive Care Unit Patients

BackgroundProcalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are evaluated as useful parameters in the management of infectious diseases, and the aim of this retrospective study was to determine the value of PCT levels for the diagnosis of infections in adult patients with positive or negative results. MethodsNinety-eight intensive care unit patients were enrolled in the study, and they were divided into 2 groups according to their positive or negative blood culture results. All patients’ PCT, CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and white blood cell (WBC) results were obtained and compared for the 2 groups, and receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for all parameters. ResultsThere was no significant difference between the 2 groups for the PCT, CRP, ESR, and WBC results. The serum value of PCT, which yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.601, was found to be superior to other parameters for bacteremia. ConclusionsInfection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units worldwide. Although PCT and CRP levels have been established as markers, which can be used to identify sepsis, and PCT level has been a valuable predictor for the early diagnosis of sepsis, in our study, none of the parameters were found to be statistically significant when compared for the 2 groups. However, PCT, which has a poor diagnostic value, seems to be superior to CRP, ESR, and WBC in differentiating bacteremia from nonbacteremia.
Art-directed watercolor rendered animation

This paper presents a system to render 3D animated geometry as watercolor painted animation with art-directed control. Our approach focuses on letting the end user paint the influence of the modeled watercolor effects in the 3D scene to simulate the characteristic appearance of traditional watercolor. For this purpose, it performs an object-space simulation and makes use of the user-painted influences to control and enhance image-space watercolor effects. In contrast to previous approaches, we introduce specialized watercolor shaders that are adjusted and deformed according to the desired painted effects. We further present novel algorithms that simulate hand tremors, pigment turbulence, color bleeding, edge darkening, paper distortion and granulation. All of these represent essential characteristic effects of traditional watercolor. The system performs in real-time, scales well with scene complexity and is fully implemented in Autodesk Maya.
Cholesterol screening and the Gold Effect

This paper explores the concept of the ‘Gold Effect’ in relation to the use of serum cholesterol measurement as a screening test for cardiovascular disease. The Gold Effect explains the phenomenon of the process by which an idea comes to be held as a generally accepted truth. In this paper we argue that cholesterol screening is the product of the Gold Effect. Screening tests need to be sufficiently robust as an indicator of risk and thus their evidence base should be clear and uncontested. While there has been a long standing debate about the link between high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease and, in particular, the use of statins as the main approach to lowering cholesterol levels, serum cholesterol measurement and lowering levels of cholesterol are widely accepted as NHS interventions and are financially incentivised. We start by discussing what cholesterol is and how it is screened for in the UK. We then go on to examine the evidence for using cholesterol as a risk marker for cardiovascular disease. We then discuss the research on reducing cholesterol levels through diet and by using statins. We finish by discussing the implications of this analysis and questioning why cholesterol is routinely screened for and why so much emphasis is placed on cholesterol reduction arguing that at the root of this approach there is a misconception about the relationship between fat and cholesterol and about the role of cholesterol in cardiovascular disease.
Innovation Diffusion

Educators increasingly view the high level of engagement and experiential learning offered by games as a means to promote learning. However, as with any designed learning experience, player experiences should provide an accurate representation of content to be learned. In this study, the authors investigated the DIFFUSION SIMULATION GAME (DSG) to assess the consistency of strategies effective in the game with those implied to be effective by the diffusion of innovations theory on which the game is based. They analyzed records from 2,361 completed game sessions of the DSG and compared successful and unsuccessful strategies. They further compared successful gameplay strategies with strategies suggested by the diffusion of innovations theory. The data analysis indicated that four of the seven winning strategies were inconsistent with what the theory predicts. However, this conclusion is tentative, given limitations of temporal detail in available data. These limitations imply how data should be collected to better investigate strategies that result in successful DSG gameplay. In addition, the study provides a case in which objective methods were used to analyze patterns of gameplay and offers insight on how data should be collected to analyze patterns more effectively.
People, systems and safety: resilience and excellence in healthcare practice

This article outlines recent developments in safety science. It describes the progression of three ‘ages’ of safety, namely the ‘age of technology’, the ‘age of human factors’ and the ‘age of safety management’. Safety science outside healthcare is moving from an approach focused on the analysis and management of error (‘Safety‐1’) to one which also aims to understand the inherent properties of safety systems that usually prevent accidents from occurring (‘Safety‐2’). A key factor in the understanding of safety within organisations relates to the distinction between ‘work as imagined’ and ‘work as done’. ‘Work as imagined’ assumes that if the correct standard procedures are followed, safety will follow as a matter of course. However, staff at the ‘sharp end’ of organisations know that to create safety in their work, variability is not only desirable but essential. This positive adaptability within systems that allows good outcomes in the presence of both favourable and adverse conditions is termed resilience. We argue that clinical and organisational work can be made safer, not only by addressing negative outcomes, but also by fostering excellence and promoting resilience. We outline conceptual and investigative approaches for achieving this that include ‘appreciative inquiry’, ‘positive deviance’ and excellence reporting.