Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Pediatric Closed Head Injury

This paper reviews the epidemiology of pediatric closed head injury. Incidence rates, etiologic/pathophysiologic correlates, and associated risk factors are discussed. Future research directions include the need to consider the relationships among age, etiology, and pathophysiology in outcome studies as well as inclusion of premorbid measures of personality/intellectual functioning.
Trends in medical specialty choice among Israeli medical graduates, 1980-1995.

BACKGROUND Which medical specialties do Israeli medical graduates choose? Answers to this question can serve as an essential means of evaluating both Israeli medical education and the healthcare system. OBJECTIVES To determine the distribution of medical specialty choice, its change over time and the possible influence of the medical school on the choice; to study the graduates' gender, gender variability in specialty choice and time trends in both; and to assess the choice of family medicine as a career among the graduates as a group, by medical school, gender, and time trends. METHODS The study population comprised all graduates of the four medical schools in Israel during 16 years: 1980-1995 inclusive. Data were obtained from the four medical schools, the Israel Medical Association's Scientific Council, and the Ministry of Health. Data allowed for correct identification of two-thirds of the graduates. RESULTS A total of 4,578 physicians graduated during this period. There was a significant growth trend in the proportion of women graduates from 22.6% in 1980 (lowest: 20.0% in 1981) to 35.3 in 1995 (highest: 41.5% in 1991). Overall, 3,063 physicians (66.8%) started residency and 1,714 (37.4%) became specialists. The four most popular residencies were internal medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and family medicine. Ten percent of Israeli graduates choose family medicine. CONCLUSIONS The overall class size in Israel was stable at a time of considerable population change. Women's place in Israeli medicine is undergoing significant change. Family medicine is one of the four most popular residencies. A monitoring system for MSC in Israel is imperative.
Caracterización de suelos granulares gruesos: el caso de la grava de Lima

La caracterizacion de los suelos granulares siempre ha entranado dificultades inherentes, fundamentalmente, a la dificultad de toma de muestra y realizacion de ensayos in situ de tipo penetrometrico. En caso de suelos granulares gruesos y densos, con presencia de bolos de grandes dimensiones, se suma la relativa representatividad de los ensayos presiometricos, la dificultad de conocer su huso granulometrico con minima precision, etc. Esto requiere, de cara a poder caracterizar de forma razonable y poder desarrollar disenos de obra civil, del empleo de tecnicas de investigacion menos frecuentes o habituales en este tipo de terrenos. Un caso particular lo constituye el conglomerado de Lima; material en el que existe una limitada experiencia previa en el diseno de grandes obras civiles y sobre el que en la actualidad se han de afrontar diversos proyectos emblematicos.
Does leaning forward improve micturition?

Introduction The effect of posture on micturition has been described in ancient Yoga text books. The position of `Mahabandh’ in Yoga, `Lotus position’ in Tai-Chi and a case report in the Lancet all depict the use of the heel of the foot to control micturition (Vincent, 1966). Wennergren (1991) clearly showed the importance of leg support to improve micturition in young children. Moore and Richmond (1989) showed that British women tend to h̀over’ over the toilet and consequently have reduced urinary ̄ ow rates and high residuals. Henry et al. (1994) showed the importance of raising the knees (the squatting position) to improve rectal pressure.
How response bias affects the factorial structure of personality self-reports.

BACKGROUND Various studies have shown that acquiescence can distort the factor structure of personality questionnaires based on the five-factor model. In the present study, we analysed how acquiescence and social desirability affect the factor structure of a measure based on this personality model and a measure of aggression. METHOD We analysed the factor structures of both tests before and after removing both biases in a sample of 532 adolescents aged between 11 and 18 (M= 14.75, SD= 2.1). RESULTS The factor structure of both tests presented a worse fit to the expected model when response bias was not controlled, and the congruence indexes for the personality and aggression measures showed a moderate (from C= .948 to C= .872) or great (from C= .931 to C= .475) decrease, respectively. Furthermore, acquiescence was largely responsible for these effects, and social desirability effects were only shown on the aggression measure. CONCLUSIONS Response bias, and especially acquiescence, should be controlled during the development of personality measures to avoid distorting them, especially with samples of people with a high level of acquiescence (for example, those with little education, the young or the elderly). Furthermore, the use of response bias loadings as a criterion for choosing the items minimizes those distortions.
Gene Coexpression Network Alignment and Conservation of Gene Modules between Two Grass Species: Maize and Rice[C][W][OA]

One major objective for plant biology is the discovery of molecular subsystems underlying complex traits. The use of genetic and genomic resources combined in a systems genetics approach offers a means for approaching this goal. This study describes a maize (Zea mays) gene coexpression network built from publicly available expression arrays. The maize network consisted of 2,071 loci that were divided into 34 distinct modules that contained 1,928 enriched functional annotation terms and 35 cofunctional gene clusters. Of note, 391 maize genes of unknown function were found to be coexpressed within modules along with genes of known function. A global network alignment was made between this maize network and a previously described rice (Oryza sativa) coexpression network. The IsoRankN tool was used, which incorporates both gene homology and network topology for the alignment. A total of 1,173 aligned loci were detected between the two grass networks, which condensed into 154 conserved subgraphs that preserved 4,758 coexpression edges in rice and 6,105 coexpression edges in maize. This study provides an early view into maize coexpression space and provides an initial network-based framework for the translation of functional genomic and genetic information between these two vital agricultural species.
Effective targeting of the tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy.

BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment is an emerging source of novel therapeutic targets in cancer. The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) accumulates in 20-30% of tumors and is often associated with poor prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a digitized, semiquantitative scoring system for tumor-associated HA content, then grouped tumors (from animal models or patients) according to the degree of HA accumulation (HA+1,2,3). The antitumor response to HA-depletion by pegylated PH20 hyaluronidase (PEGPH20) was then characterized as a function of HA accumulation. RESULTS Semiquantitative grouping of tumors demonstrated that HA accumulation predicts the response of tumors in animal models to PEGPH20. Prospective analysis of HA content was used to predict response to PEGPH20 of squamous cell-type explants from patients with non-small cell lung cancer in nude mice. CONCLUSION Measurement of HA is a viable biomarker approach for predicting antitumor response in animal models to the HA-depleting agent, PEGPH20.
Unfolding energetics and stability of banana lectin

The unfolding pathway of banana lectin from Musa paradisiaca was determined by isothermal denaturation induced by the chaotrope GdnCl. The unfolding was found to be a reversible process. The data obtained by isothermal denaturation provided information on conformational stability of banana lectin. The high values of ΔG of unfolding at various temperatures indicated the strength of intersubunit interactions. It was found that banana lectin is a very stable and denatures at high chaotrope concentrations only. The basis of the stability may be attributed to strong hydrogen bonds of the order 2.5–3.1 Å at the dimeric interface along with the presence of water bridges. This is perhaps very unique example in proteins where subunit association is not a consequence of the predominance of hydrophobic interactions. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Civil Commitment and the Danger Mandate

This paper examines the practice of involuntary mental hospitalization from the viewpoint of factors constituting effective, operating definitions of ‘dangerous’ mental disorder, as contrasted with the more narrow criteria which sanction commitment under Canadian law. A sorting and analysis of a large sample of commitment certificates indicated that few contained evidence of involuntarily hospitalized patients as being dangerous, nor did the present sample of certificates indicate clearly that operating commitment criteria have been altered with the new and liberalized legislative formulations of such criteria. Independent of the need to commit certain people in society, possible incongruities between ideal and operating criteria for civil commitment deserve to be scrutinized by responsible professionals in mental health and law.
New delay-interval stability condition

The delay-dependent stability problem for systems with time-delay varying in an interval is addressed in this article. The new idea in this article is to connect two very efficient approaches: the discretised Lyapunov functional for systems with pointwise delay and the convex analysis for systems with time-varying delay. The proposed method is able to check the stability interval when the time-varying delay d(t) belongs to an interval [r, τ]. The case of unstable delayed systems for r = 0 is also treatable. The resulting criterion, expressed in terms of a convex optimisation problem, outperforms the existing ones in the literature, as illustrated by the numerical examples.
Pathogenetic mechanisms of septic shock.

One of the most frequent and serious problems confronting clinicians is the management of a serious infection and the systemic response to infection, a syndrome termed sepsis. When this syndrome results in hypotension and organ dysfunction, it is called septic shock. Septic shock is the most common cause of death in intensive care units,1 and it is the 13th most common cause of death in the United States2. The incidence of the two disorders continues to rise: 400,000 cases of sepsis and 200,000 episodes of septic shock are estimated to occur annually, resulting in more than 100,000 deaths1.
Light induced Josephson like current between two coupled nonlinear cavities coupled with a symmetrically positioned photonic crystal waveguide

We consider light transmission in a photonic crystal waveguide coupled with two identical nonlinear cavities positioned symmetrically beside the waveguide and coupled with each other. Using Green function theory we show three scenarios for the transmission. The first one inherits the linear case in which the light transmission preserves the symmetry. In the second scenario the symmetry is broken by the light intensities at the cavities. In the third scenario the intensities are equal but the phases of the complex amplitudes are different at the cavities. This results in a Josephson like current between the cavities. The model consideration agrees well with computations of the Poynting current in a photonic crystal waveguide coupled with two optical cavities filled with a Kerr material.
Habitual physical activity in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

PURPOSE This study was conducted to: 1) measure total physical activity levels, including the intensities of the various types of activities, in children and adolescents with CF compared with non-CF healthy control subjects; and 2) determine whether vigorous activity level was related to aerobic fitness and disease status in patients with CF. METHODS Thirty patients with CF (18 male, 12 female) and 30 control subjects (17 male, 13 female), 7-17 yr old, participated in this study. Habitual physical activity was measured using Kriska's Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ) and the past year's average of total hours, MET-hours, and vigorous (VIG) hours (>6 METs) of activity per week were determined. Aerobic fitness was determined from peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) obtained via maximal exercise testing on a cycle ergometer. Standard spirometry was used to measure pulmonary function. Body mass index (BMI) was determined from height and weight measurements. RESULTS The CF and control groups were similar in age and gender distribution, but the patients were smaller (BMI, 98 vs 112% of predicted) and less aerobically fit (36.5 vs 41.4 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)). Total and MET-hours of physical activity did not differ between groups; however, the CF group participated in significantly fewer hours of vigorous activities than the control group (2 vs 3.7 h x wk(-1)). In patients with worse lung disease, VIG-h x wk(-1) were significantly related to VO2peak (r = 0.83). CONCLUSION These results suggest that children with CF engage in less vigorous physical activities than their healthy non-CF peers, despite having good lung function. In view of the progressive nature of the disease, and the association between aerobic fitness and vigorous activity, patients should be encouraged to engage in more vigorous activities that promote aerobic fitness and may ultimately have an impact on survival.
An improved Montgomery's algorithm for high-speed RSA public-key cryptosystem

We revise Montgomery's algorithm such that modular multiplication can be executed two times faster. Each iteration in our algorithm requires only one addition, while that in Montgomery's requires two additions. We then propose a cellular array to implement modular exponentiation for the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman cryptosystem. It has approximately 2n cells, where n is the word length. The cell contains one full-adder and some controlling logic. The time to calculate a modular exponentiation is about 2n/sup 2/ clock cycles. The proposed architecture has a data rate of 100 kb/s for 512-b words and a 100 MHz clock.
Development of spermatozoa in the rhea

We have examined the ultrastructural changes that take place during spermiogenesis in the rhea. Spermatozoa are characterized by a curved head a midpiece. A thin rod extends from the anterior tip of the spermatozoon through the center of the nucleus. A 3‐μ‐long distal centriole occupies the entire midpiece. The principal piece is characterized by a small fibrous sheath and tiny dense fibers that are only observed in the region of the principal piece, which is immediatley behind the annulus. During development a circular manchette surrounds the nucleus of young spermatids. Later the microtubules of the circular manchette become reoganized into a longitudinal manchette. A long distal and short proximal centriole are observed in early round spermatids. The distal centriole becomes associated with the plasma membrane. Later the proximal centriole is observed in association with the nucleus. The area around the centriole pair then accumulates dense material, which is associated with either the centrioles or the circular manchette. The longitudinal manchette forms and then dissappears and mitochondria subsequently associate with the distal centriole. The long centriole of the rhea enables this species to develop a midpiece similar to the midpiece of mammalian sperm without the complex intercellular movements that characterize mammalian spermiogenesis.
Targeted methylation testing of a patient cohort broadens the epigenetic and clinical description of imprinting disorders

Imprinting disorders are associated with mutations and epimutations affecting imprinted genes, that is those whose expression is restricted by parent of origin. Their diagnosis is challenging for two reasons: firstly, their clinical features, particularly prenatal and postnatal growth disturbance, are heterogeneous and partially overlapping; secondly, their underlying molecular defects include mutation, epimutation, copy number variation, and chromosomal errors, and can be further complicated by somatic mosaicism and multi‐locus methylation defects. It is currently unclear to what extent the observed phenotypic heterogeneity reflects the underlying molecular pathophysiology; in particular, the molecular and clinical diversity of multilocus methylation defects remains uncertain. To address these issues we performed comprehensive methylation analysis of imprinted genes in a research cohort of 285 patients with clinical features of imprinting disorders, with or without a positive molecular diagnosis. 20 of 91 patients (22%) with diagnosed epimutations had methylation defects of additional imprinted loci, and the frequency of developmental delay and congenital anomalies was higher among these patients than those with isolated epimutations, indicating that hypomethylation of multiple imprinted loci is associated with increased diversity of clinical presentation. Among 194 patients with clinical features of an imprinting disorder but no molecular diagnosis, we found 15 (8%) with methylation anomalies, including missed and unexpected molecular diagnoses. These observations broaden the phenotypic and epigenetic definitions of imprinting disorders, and show the importance of comprehensive molecular testing for patient diagnosis and management. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Platelet Aggregation-Induced by Caco-2 Cells: Regulation by Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Adenosine Diphosphate

Formation of tumor cell-platelet aggregates facilitates hematogenous metastases. However, molecular mechanisms implicated in tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) in colon cancer are unclear. To investigate mechanisms of TCIPA induced by colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro, human Caco-2 cells were used to study their interactions with platelets using aggregometry, zymography, phase-contrast microscopy, and flow cytometry. Caco-2-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. This aggregation resulted in the release of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, as measured by zymography. In addition, flow cytometry showed a significant up-regulation of activated GpIIb/IIIa, total GpIIb/IIIa, GpIb, and P-selectin receptors on platelets. Inhibition of MMP-2 by phenantroline and degradation of ADP by APT102, respectively, resulted in inhibition of TCIPA. Furthermore, both phenantroline and APT102 significantly down-regulated the surface abundance of platelet receptors. Caco-2 cells aggregate platelets, at least in part, via releasing MMP-2 and ADP. Modulation of MMP-2 and ADP actions could have therapeutic value in colonic cancer.
Adjuvant Immunotherapy Increases β Cell Regenerative Factor Reg2 in the Pancreas of Diabetic Mice

Insulin-producing β cells can partially regenerate in adult pancreatic tissues, both in human and animal models of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Previous studies have shown that treatment with mycobacterial adjuvants such as CFA and bacillus Calmette-Guérin prevents induction and recurrence of T1D in NOD mice with partial recovery of β cell mass. In this study, we investigated factors involved in the regeneration of β cells in the pancreas of NOD mice during diabetes development and after treatment with adjuvants. The Regeneration (Reg) gene family is known to be involved in regeneration of various tissues including β cells. Reg2 expression was found to be upregulated in pancreatic islets both during diabetes development and as a result of adjuvant treatment in diabetic NOD mice and in C57BL/6 mice made diabetic by streptozotocin treatment. The upregulation of Reg2 by adjuvant treatment was independent of signaling through MyD88 and IL-6 because it was not altered in MyD88 or IL-6 knockout mice. We also observed upregulation of Reg2 in the pancreas of diabetic mice undergoing β cell regenerative therapy with exendin-4 or with islet neogenesis-associated protein. Reg2 expression following adjuvant treatment correlated with a reduction in insulitis, an increase in insulin secretion, and an increase in the number of small islets in the pancreas of diabetic NOD mice and with improved glucose tolerance tests in streptozotocin-treated diabetic C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, adjuvant immunotherapy regulates T1D in diabetic mice and induces Reg2-mediated regeneration of β cells.
The Level of General Physical Performance and Physical Development of 10-Year-Old Pupils

This contribution deals with the level of general physical performance of 10-year-old male and female pupils attending primary schools. Fourth grade pupils attending primary schools in Banska Bystrica were tested in the number of 433 pupils (220 boys and 213 girls). The following indicators of general physical performance were monitored: sit-and-reach, standing long jump, sit-ups, flexed arm hang, shuttle run 4 × 10 m, endurance shuttle run. Also basic somatic indicators such as body height, body weight and BMI were found out. 10-year-old boys achieve better level in five tests of general physical performance. The girls achieve statistically better level in one test. When comparing it with the previous researches in Slovakia, we noted a lower level of general physical performance but a higher level of indicators of physical development of boys and girls from Banska Bystrica. Used set of tests affects the whole range of general physical performance, and it is adequate to the temporal, spatial and material conditions of schools.
Malignant schwannoma. A Clinicopathologic Study

During the period from 1920‐1970, 902 patients with a tumor of the peripheral nervous system were treated at the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center. Histologic review of this material revealed 115 cases which fulfilled strict criteria for clinicopathologic diagnosis of malignant schwannoma, i.e., tumorinvolved nerve trunks with fusiform or oval swelling and arising from the nerve sheath. There was no significant age or sex predilection. Association with plexiform neuroma or with stigmata of von Recklinghausen's disease was found to be indicative of a poor prognosis. Radical local excision controlled small tumors. Muscle group dissection or major amputation was reserved where large tumors or recurrence precluded local excision. Lymphatic invasion and lymph node involvement by malignant schwannoma was not observed. Regional lymph node dissection is unnecessary.