Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mycobacteria Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number of Tandem Repeat, Spoligotyping and Drug Resistance of Isolates from Pulmonary Tuberculosois Patients in Kenya

Background: Molecular typing allows a rapid and precise species differentiation and is essential in investigating the spread of specific genotypes and any relationship with drug resistance. Methodology: To compare the discrimination power of 24-loci Mycobacteria interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) to spoligotyping in determining the circulating genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Kenya, a total of 204 isolates were typed. Results: Spoligotyping identified 22 spoligo lineages; while 36(17.6%) isolates were not determined. MIRU-VNTR typing identified 12 genotypes; Kenya H37_Rv_ like, S-like that had never been reported before and which were not identified by spoligotyping were identified. Others were Uganda I and II, LAM, Beijing, TUR, EAI, Delhi/C, S and Haarlem. Only 8 (3.9%) were not defined by MIRU-VNTR. Delhi/CAS, EAI, S, S-like, LAM and Beijing had strains that showed resistance to all the five drugs tested. Two strains of EAI and 2 of S genotypes were resistant to all the five drugs tested. Beijing genotype commonly associated with drug resistance was found to be third in drug resistance (14.7%) after Delhi/CAS (28.9%) and LAM (17.6%) with the highest resistance towards isoniazid and pyrazinamide (3.9% each). MIRU-VNTR typing was more discriminative than spoligotyping; identifying 10 unique H37_Rv-like isolates designated KeniaH37_Rv_like genotype and 14 S-like genotype. Conclusion: MIRU-VNTR typing has not been reported in any other study in Kenya and its higher discrimination can help identify genotypes that cannot be determined by spoligotyping. Association of Beijing genotype drug resistance particularly isoniazid should be of concern since it may result in multidrug resistance in the patients.
PANEL CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FDI AND EXPORTS . EVIDENCE FROM A SECTOR LEVEL ANALYSIS OF VIETNAM PHAM

This paper investigates the causal relationship between FDI and exports for Vietnam over the period 1995-2006. We apply a panel co-integration framework that allows for heterogeneity across seven economic sectors. We first use the General Method of Moments method for a dynamic heterogeneous panel, and then subject sector-specific FDI and export data to Granger causality tests. It turns out that FDI “causes” exports in the long-run in five sectors: Heavy industries; Light industries; Food industries; Oil and gas; Agriculture, forestry and fisheries. In contrast, the absence of causal link enables us to investigate the FDI and GDP causation in the Services and Other sectors. We find out an evidence of bidirectional causality between the two variables. Finally, we explore the possibility of cross-sector spillovers by performing additional Granger causality tests. Our results put evidence on cross-sector causality running from FDI inflows into Services to exports of the five above sectors at 10% significance level. In parallel, FDI inflows into Other sectors cause exports in Light industries; Food industries; Oil and Gas; Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries but not in Heavy industries.
Measuring Client Satisfaction in Residential Aged Care Settings: A Narrative Review of Instruments

Background: The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative review of validated instruments measuring client satisfaction in residential aged care facilities, including key attributes of the identified instruments. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using scientific journal databases (Medline, ProQuest Health and Medical, ProQuest Social Science and CINAHL), specialist journals and websites, and Google. The search was limited to peer-reviewed and research or instrument development articles published between January 1990 and November 2009. �Snowballingand hand searching of the references of the selected articles were also used to ensure all relevant articles were examined.Results: Ten instruments were identified as relevant for the in-depth review. The review suggested instrument development to date has tended to include the development of new domains, many of which broadly draw on the literature but are honed to the specific objectives of the study or the organization being evaluated. This has led to a diverse range of domains with broadly congruent characteristics but often with different nomenclature. Seven domains were thematically identified based on the most commonly captured aspects of the satisfaction measures reviewed; Interpersonal manner of the provider, Technical quality of care providers, Physical environment, Meals/dining, Socializing opportunities/activities/relationships with others, Spiritual services, and Organization/policy/administration. Conclusion: Further work is required to develop an instrument which addresses the gap caused by the inherently different goals of the service provider, staff and the individual client, and the differences which exist among individual clients. To assess truly person-centered approaches of care, satisfaction instruments should reflect individual clients perceived importance and expectation on different domains of care/services.
Predictive Analysis by Leveraging Temporal User Behavior and User Embeddings

The rapid growth of mobile devices has resulted in the generation of a large number of user behavior logs that contain latent intentions and user interests. However, exploiting such data in real-world applications is still difficult for service providers due to the complexities of user behavior over a sheer number of possible actions that can vary according to time. In this work, a time-aware RNN model, TRNN, is proposed for predictive analysis from user behavior data. First, our approach predicts next user action more accurately than the baselines including the n-gram models as well as two recently introduced time-aware RNN approaches. Second, we use TRNN to learn user embeddings from sequences of user actions and show that overall the TRNN embeddings outperform conventional RNN embeddings. Similar to how word embeddings benefit a wide range of task in natural language processing, the learned user embeddings are general and could be used in a variety of tasks in the digital marketing area. This claim is supported empirically by evaluating their utility in user conversion prediction, and preferred application prediction. According to the evaluation results, TRNN embeddings perform better than the baselines including Bag of Words (BoW), TFIDF and Doc2Vec. We believe that TRNN embeddings provide an effective representation for solving practical tasks such as recommendation, user segmentation and predictive analysis of business metrics.
Rabies Prophylactic Approaches

Ramya, R. ,1 Madhanmohan, M.2* and Nagarajan, T.3 1 Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Melmaruvathur – 603319 Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Nagercoil – 629601 Tamil Nadu, India. 3 Biologicals E Limited, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
A Review of the Relationship among Self, Mind and Brain in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study: Tree-Pattern Image of Semantic Map in Human Brain Viewed from the Ultron-Logotron Theory

The scientific relationship among self, mind and brain is still not clearly known. Self’s subjective experience of perception and cognition of words, feelings, thoughts etc. is supported by the integrity of human brain. Consequently, neuroscientists, psychologists, psychiatrists, physicists and philosophers have been investigating to find the scientific relationship between mind and brain, consciousness and quantum physics. Recent experimental evidence suggests that the neural correlate of consciousness is located in certain parts of the cortico-thalamic system. But it is not known specifically which parts of the human brain are involved in the human cognitive activity. In this study, the author proposed a tree-pattern architecture of the cerebral neural substrate in cognitive understanding of words, feelings, and thoughts on the basis of the author’s hypothesis of the ultron-logotron theory to explain the neural correlate of consciousness.
Ocean nutrient pathways associated with the passage of a storm

Storms that affect ocean surface layer dynamics and primary production are a frequent occurrence in the open North Atlantic Ocean. In this study we use an interdisciplinary data set collected in the region to quantify nutrient supply by two pathways associated with a storm event: entrainment of nutrients during a period of high wind forcing and subsequent shear spiking at the pycnocline due to interactions of storm‐generated inertial currents with wind. The poststorm increase in surface layer nitrate (by ~20 mmol m−2) was predominantly driven by the first pathway: nutrient intrusion during the storm. Alignment of poststorm inertial currents and surface wind stress caused shear instabilities at the ocean pycnocline, forming the second pathway for nutrient transport into the euphotic zone. During the alignment period, pulses of high‐turbulence nitrate flux through the pycnocline (up to 1 mmol m−2 d−1; approximately 25 times higher than the background flux) were detected. However, the impact of the poststorm supply was an order of magnitude lower than during the storm due to the short duration of the pulses. Cumulatively, the storm passage was equivalent to 2.5–5% of the nitrate supplied by winter convection and had a significant effect compared to previously reported (sub)mesoscale dynamics in the region. As storms occur frequently, they can form an important component in local nutrient budgets.
Mini-Invasive Osteosynthesis of Mixed Thalamic Fractures of the Calcaneus : Results of 13 Cases at Mean 15 Months

Purpose of the study: The osteosynthesis of fractures of the calcaneus remains controversial. We are currently operating on displaced articular calcaneal fractures to prevent or delay osteoarthritis and subtalar malunion. The purpose of the study is to investigate the functional and radiological results, and search for prognostic factors in the minimally invasive surgical treatment of mixed thalamic fractures. Material and methods: We have conducted a prospective study, from November 2013 to January 2015, on 13 patients who all presented mixed thalamic fractures, according to the Utheza classification, among whom 84.6% of men, being aged 46.8 years old on average, located on the left side in 61.1% of cases. Three of them were work-related accidents, while 6 cases were caused by heavy work. The preoperative lateral and medial Bohler angles were respectively 10.6° and 24.9°, for an average post-operative angle of 28.9°. In 6 cases we have led an isolated osteosynthesis of the subtalar joint, and in 7 cases, we have conducted minimal mixed osteosynthesis with lowering of the tuberosity by nail. The average follow-up was about 14.9 months (12-19). No bone graft was ever made. Results: We did not find any serious complications, AOFAS functional score was excellent in 23% of cases and good in 46% of cases. The main complain consisted in pain present in 85% of patients after 1 year, with an average ESP of 2.7 / 10, articular mobility was good. There was a significant difference between the median AOFAS score when it was a work-related accident, a stage V Duparc fracture, a propagated variant of the Utheza classification, or for smoking-patients. There was a correlation between the AOFAS score and the reduced Bohler angle, as well as with the absence of postoperative double outline. Discussion: The study confirms the good results of the minimally invasive surgical treatment of mixed thalamic fractures of the calcaneus, compared with orthopedic and surgical invasive treatments. Contrary to a treatment with plates, the risks of skin complications are lower and there are fewer infectious complications. The reduction of the sub-talar surface associated with a Delcoux technic for variants spread to the big tuberosity, is a satisfactory technique which does not eliminate pain or secondary arthrogenic risks, but can simplify the arthrodesis. Conclusion: Early minimal osteosynthesis of the mixed thalamic fractures of the calcaneus is a reliable technique with an easy learning curve, nevertheless it does not necessarily prevent a secondary subtalar arthritis.
Evaluation of Some Salivary Elements in Chronic Periodontitis Patients

Background:Periodontitis ismulti-factorial inflammatory disease that involves destruction of tissues that support teeth, including alveolar bone,which may cause tooth loss. The salivary parameters can be used for the contribute in the diagnosis of periodontal disease, several studies have focused on a possible relationship between the level of inorganic ions in oral fluid and periodontal disease. The objective of this investigation was to estimate the concentrations of the Cadmium (Cd), magnesium (Mg) and Lead(Pb) in saliva of periodontal disease patients then compare the results with the concentrations of these elements in control group. Materials and methods: this study include 40 saliva samples for both groups(chronic periodontitis patients and healthy control). All the three salivary elements (Cadmium, Magnesium and lead) were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer using standardized procedure by air – acetylene. Results: The results of this study show highly significant difference between chronic periodontitis patients and healthy control subjects in concentration of all the salivary elements (Cadmium, Calcium and Manganese). Conclusion: there was difference in concentration of salivary concentration of Cd, Mg and Pb between chronic periodontitis patients and healthy control subjects.
Spin caloritronics in magnetic/non-magnetic nanostructures and graphene field effect devices

In this chapter we review the basic concepts relevant for the discussion of charge, spin and heat transport in some technologically important devices such as the spin valve and graphene field effect transistors. We first introduce the generalized linear formulation of near-equilibrium transport from which the Onsager reciprocity relation is obtained. After the charge Seebeck and Peltier effects are introduced, we present spin-dependent charge and heat transports in the framework of Mott’s two-current model for spin-up and spin-down electrons. Various spin-dependent electrical and thermal phenomena in metallic systems and thermoelectric effects in graphene are finally reviewed. 2.1 General formulation of (thermo) electric transport In this section we present the basic formulation of the Onsager-Callen transport equation for transport occurring near-equilibrium [1, 2]. In linear response, these phenomenological equations relate the generalized fluxes Ji to their conjugate forces Xj as [3]
Mechanochemical Synthesis and Characterization of N-doped TiO2 for Photocatalytic Degradation of Caffeine

The present study reports the synthesis of N-doped TiO2 photocatalyst for the degradation of caffeine using mechanochemical grinding method from the mixture of titania/urea followed by calcination at 400 ⁰C. The phase composition, particle size, surface area, morphology and optical properties were characterized. The XRD results revealed that anatase is dominant and the size of crystal is decreased from 35.8 to 33 nm after mechanical doping. An improved surface area of 42.9 m2g-1 is also reported. The morphology from SEM also showed a uniform yellow-like powder indicating complete dispersion of nitrogen on the TiO2 surface. The prepared sample showed visible-light absorption in the region 430 nm corresponding to band gap energy 2.88 eV, indicating its potential applications as a visible light induced photocatalyst. Photocatalytic oxidation of caffeine were investigated in 300 minutes irradiation time and N-doped TiO2 demonstrated the higher removal efficiency of 97% compared to commercial TiO2 powder with 91% efficiency at the same experimental condition.
Pharmacogenetics of Immunosuppressants in Solid Organ Transplantation: Time to Implement in the Clinic

Our aim in this chapter is to present the state of the art, including our own group research, in the field of immunosuppressant pharmacogenetics in the four main types of solid organ transplantation: kidney, heart, lung, and liver. The main focus will be on those findings in the field that have been widely investigated and then in those that are close to clinical implementation, mainly CYP3A5 genotyping for the adjustment of the initial tacrolimus dose. This recommendation will be discussed in more detail, explaining its clinical potential as well as its limitations. To end, a short opinion about the feasibility of implementation in the health systems as well as discussion about private companies selling pharmacogenetic tests will be presented.
On dental caries and socioeconomy in Swedish children and adolescents - Clinical and register-based studies

The overall aim was to analyze the dental caries experience among Swedish children and adolescents and explore it with respect to demographic and socioeconomic factors. Study I is a longitudinal clinical study of 271 children, followed from three to six years of age (2003-6), with the aim to analyze initial and manifest caries in the primary dentition. Studies II–IV are cross-sectional registry studies of 300,988 children and adolescents, 3–19 years of age (2007-9). Study II investigated caries with reference to age, gender and geographical area. Study III explored the associations of individual multiple socioeconomic factors on the caries experience. Study IV analyzed the variability in caries experience at different area levels with respect to individual demography and socioeconomics. The results showed that young children with an early caries experience had a high risk of disease progression and initial carious lesions constituted a large share of the disease burden (Study I). Among 18and 19-year-olds, only one-third had no manifest caries experience. The disease burden was highly skewed at all ages. Females had a higher risk of a caries experience than males before their teens, with a reverse pattern during the teenage years (Study II). Multiple socioeconomic factors had a significant association with the caries experience among children and adolescents, especially the youngest children (Study III). Small geographical areas explained more of the variance in caries experience compared with the more aggregated level dental clinics (Study IV). In conclusion, disparities in caries experience among Swedish children and adolescents were found with a skewed distribution, within age groups, between genders, between residential areas and in relation to individual socioeconomic status. The findings may serve as a basis for allocating resources in dentistry with the goal/ambition to achieve greater equity of dental health.
Interventions when Social Norms are Endogenous: A Critique

Lucas’s critique of adaptive expectations argues that treating expectations as exogenous when they are endogenous can lead to important policy mistakes. More broadly the critique is of treating the endogenous as exogenous. Here we make the same argument with respect to social norms. Typically social norms are treated as exogenous in the face of substantial evidence that they are endogenous. We present a simple stylized model of endogenous social norms and show how ignoring endogeneity can lead to erroneous conclusions. We first examine how misunderstanding of the optimal nature of social norms may lead to misinterpretation of evidence and misguided policy prescriptions. This point we illustrate with two examples. In the first we show how populist working class resentment of the lax supervision of professional classes may be wrongly attributed to political power. In the second we show how the impact of double-blind laboratory treatments is properly understood only in the context of optimal social norms. Our second setting is one of social norms that may change in response to changed circumstances. In our first illustrative application we show that public good production can decrease when it is subsidized and that this is nevertheless evidence of an increase in welfare. In the second we show how changes in the minimum wage can have different consequences depending on the scope of coverage. Finally, we turn to the issue of internalization of social norms. This is widely understood to be important but like other aspects of social norms internalization is not fixed or magical but endogenous. Here we show how the naive idea that laboratory results carry over directly to the field can lead to mistaken conclusions while at the same time showing how appropriate use of laboratory results can serve as important confirmation for hypotheses about the field. JEL Classification Numbers: A1, D7, D9
Conception rate in Holstein cows treated with GnRH or hCG on the fifth day post artificial insemination during summer

Lactating Holstein cows (n=158), at 213±112 days in milking and averaging 26±9kg of milk per day, were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: control (CG, n=52, saline), GnRH (GG, n=55, 100μg gonadorelin), and hCG (HG, n=51, 2500IU) given five days after artificial insemination (AI). Rectal temperature was taken at the moment of AI and blood samples were collected five, seven, and 12 days after AI. Pregnancy was determined between 42 and 49 days after AI. Concentration of progesterone (P4) in serum (ng/ml, mean±SE) for CG, GG, and HG were, respectively, 2.7±0.4, 2.5±0.4, and 3.2±0.5 on day 5; 4.8±0.4, 4.2±0.4, and 5.7±0.5 on day 7; and 5.2±0.4, 6.9±0.4, and 8.5±0.5 on day 12 after AI. P4 concentration had proportional increase in serum between days 5 and 7 after AI (CG: 178%, GG: 168%, and HG: 178%), suggesting that the treatments did not induce a luteotropic effect on the existing corpus luteum (CL). Concentrations of P4 increased between days 7 and 12 in cows treated with GnRH and hCG (GG: 164%, and HG: 149%, P<0.01); but not in control cows (GC: 18%, P=0.31), suggesting that a new CL was formed. Treatments with GnRH or hCG increased conception rates in cows with rectal temperature below 39.7°C (CG: 10.1%, n=26, GG: 36.8%, n=27; and HG: 32.8%, n=21), but not in cows with rectal temperature above 39.7°C (CG: 15.2%, n=26; GG: 17.8%, n=28; and HG: 24.4%, n=30). These data suggest that high body temperature masked the positive impact of treatment with GnRH or hCG on day 5 after AI on conception.