Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a CD-ROM Nutrient Analysis Program on Self-Monitoring Behavior of Active Duty Military Personnel Receiving Nutrition Counseling for Weight Loss.

Abstract : The implications of being identified as overly fat (by body fat measurement) in the United States military are significant and include loss of promotion, restriction from duty-related travel, and even discharge from military service. Less than 3% of total Air Force active duty population are placed on the punitive Active Duty Mandatory Weight Management Program (ADWMP). flowever, there are many others considered overly fat but not identified by their commanders. Although weight or body fat status do not automatically identify someone as under fit, negative lifestyle factors such as lack of exercise and poor eating habits may also be present. These may detrimentally affect military "readiness" or the ability of a person to perform strenuotis physical tasks during wartime deployment. Finally, poor lifestyle choices ultimately affect long term health risks and onset of disease.
Structural insight into negative DNA supercoiling by DNA gyrase , a bacterial type 2 A DNA topoisomerase

Type 2A DNA topoisomerases (Topo2A) remodel DNA topology during replication, transcription and chromosome segregation. These multisubunit enzymes catalyze the transport of a double-stranded DNA through a transient break formed in another duplex. The bacterial DNA gyrase, a target for broad-spectrum antibiotics, is the sole Topo2A enzyme able to introduce negative supercoils. We reveal here for the first time the architecture of the full-length Thermus thermophilus DNA gyrase alone and in a cleavage complex with a 155 bp DNA duplex in the presence of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, using cryo-electron microscopy. The structural organization of the subunits of the full-length DNA gyrase points to a central role of the ATPase domain acting like a ‘crossover trap’ that may help to sequester the DNA positive crossover before strand passage. Our structural data unveil how DNA is asymmetrically wrapped around the gyrasespecific C-terminal b-pinwheel domains and guided to introduce negative supercoils through cooperativity between the ATPase and b-pinwheel domains. The overall conformation of the drug-induced DNA binding–cleavage complex also suggests that ciprofloxacin traps a DNA pre-transport conformation.
Filt ering Hyp eredge-Replacement Languages Through Compatible Properties

In this paper, we demonstrate that the set of all hypergraphs of a hyperedge-replacement language that satisfy a so-called compatible property can again be generated by a hyperedge-replacement grammar. Because many familiar graph-theoretic properties like connectedness~ k-colorability, planarity, the existence of Eulerian and Hamiltonian paths and cycles, etc. are compatible and compatibility is closed under Boolean operations~ the members of a hyperedge-replacement language can be filtered through the sieve of various desirable and undesirable properties easily on the syntactic level of the generative grammar rules.
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1771 Functional Traits in Sphagnum

Bengtsson, F. 2019. Functional Traits in Sphagnum. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1771. 45 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0568-4. Peat mosses (Sphagnum) are ecosystem engineers that largely govern carbon sequestration in northern hemisphere peatlands. I investigated functional traits in Sphagnum species and addressed the questions: (I) Are growth, photosynthesis and decomposition and the tradeoffs between these traits related to habitat or phylogeny? , (II) Which are the determinants of decomposition and are there trade-offs between metabolites that affect decomposition? , (III) How do macro-climate and local environment determine growth in Sphagnum across the Holarctic? , (IV) How does N2 fixation vary among different species and habitats? , (V) How do species from different microtopographic niches avoid or tolerate desiccation, and are leaf and structural traits adaptations to growth high above the water table? Photosynthetic rate and decomposition in laboratory conditions (innate growth and decay resistance) were related to growth and decomposition in their natural habitats. We found support for a trade-off between growth and decay resistance, but innate qualities translated differently to field responses in different species. There were no trade-offs between production of different decay-affecting metabolites. Their production is phylogenetically controlled, but their effects on decay are modified by nutrient availability in the habitat. Modelling growth of two species across the Holarctic realm showed that precipitation, temperature and vascular plant cover are the best predictors of performance, but responses were stronger for the wetter growing species. N2 fixation rates were positively related to moss decomposability, field decomposition and tissue phosphorus concentration. Hence, higher decomposition can lead to more nutrients available to N2-fixing microorganisms, while higher concentrations of decomposition-hampering metabolites may impede N2 fixation. A mesocosm experiment, testing effects of water level drawdown on water content and chlorophyll fluorescence, showed that either slow water loss or high maximum water holding capacity can lead to desiccation avoidance. Furthermore, leaf anatomical traits rather than structural traits affected the water economy. This thesis has advanced the emerging field of trait ecology in Sphagnum by comparing many species and revealing novel mechanisms and an ever more complex picture of Sphagnum ecology. In addition, the species-specific trait measurements of this work offers opportunities for improvements of peatland ecosystem models.
1 Housing Prices , Collateral , and Online Crowdfunding

Access to finance is arguably one of the critical hurdles in starting a new business. In this paper, we examine how the difficulty of obtaining a form of traditional finance, bank loans based on housing collateral, relates to entrepreneurs’ use of crowdfunding. We obtained data on housing prices that are closely related to the cost of accessing such bank loans and matched this data to a novel data set for 2009 through 2013 obtained from a leading crowdfunding market. Adopting a first-difference approach to address unobserved area-specific effects and using housing supply elasticity as an instrument for housing price changes, we found that a higher decline in housing prices leads to a greater increase in the creation of crowdfunded projects. We did not find significant differential effects from changes in housing prices between successful and unsuccessful projects. Finally, the effect of housing prices on crowdfunded projects was more significant for areas of low socioeconomic status. Interestingly, the increase in crowdfunded projects in these low status areas was wholly driven by a significant increase in unsuccessful projects, whereas the effect of housing prices on successful crowdfunded projects was significant only in areas of high socioeconomic status. Numerous additional tests support the robustness of our main findings. Overall, our study suggests that online crowdfunding could be a viable option for entrepreneurs having difficulty accessing traditional channels of credit. It also has nuanced implications for the digital divide.
Title IL-8 inhibits cAMP-stimulated alveolar epithelial fluid transport via a GRK 2 / PI 3 K-dependent mechanism

Patients with acute lung injury (ALI) who retain maximal alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) have better clinical outcomes. Experimental and small clinical studies have shown that 2-adrenergic receptor ( 2AR) agonists enhance AFC via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. However, two multicenter phase 3 clinical trials failed to show that 2AR agonists provide a survival advantage in patients with ALI. We hypothesized that IL-8, an important mediator of ALI, directly antagonizes the alveolar epithelial response to 2AR agonists. Short-circuit current and whole-cell patchclamping experiments revealed that IL-8 or its rat analog CINC-1 decreases by 50% 2AR agonist-stimulated vectorial Cl and net fluid transport across rat and human alveolar epithelial type II cells via a reduction in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activity and biosynthesis. This reduction was mediated by heterologous 2AR desensitization and down-regulation (50%) via the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2)/PI3K signaling pathway. Inhibition of CINC-1 restored 2AR agonist-stimulated AFC in an experimental model of ALI in rats. Finally, consistent with the experimental results, high pulmonary edema fluid levels of IL-8 (>4000 pg/ml) were associated with impaired AFC in patients with ALI. These results demonstrate a novel role for IL-8 in inhibiting 2AR agonist-stimulated alveolar epithelial fluid transport via GRK2/PI3K-dependent mechanisms. —Roux, J., McNicholas, C. M. , Carles, M. , Goolaerts, A. , Houseman, B. T. , Dickinson, D. A. , Iles, K. E. , Ware, L. B. , Matthay, M. A. , Pittet, J.-F. IL-8 inhibits cAMP-stimulated alveolar epithelial fluid transport via a GRK2/PI3K-dependent mechanism. FASEB J. 27, 1095–1106 (2013). www.fasebj. org
Chapter 5 Lithium and Alzheimer ’ s Disease : Experimental , Epidemiological , and Clinical Findings

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents one of the greatest health-care challenges of the twenty-first century. Besides known pathologies such as intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular deposition of amyloid-beta plaques, other factors, such as dysregulated GSK-3 activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Over the last two decades, the evidence accumulated for a neuroprotective effect of lithium, as an important mechanism of this ion in mood disorders, reflected by an increase in cerebral gray matter volume in lithium-treated subjects. Neurobiological mechanisms of lithium neuroprotective actions may also be relevant to the pathogenesis and treatment of AD, and they will be delineated. In most epidemiological studies, a negative association between lithium use and dementia has been shown, including two most recent papers regarding a concentration of lithium in drinking water. In this article, the results of initial studies using lithium in the treatment of dementia and showing some promise will also be presented. Therefore, considering the current paucity of treatments for the AD, further testing of lithium as a disease-modifying treatment in this illness may be warranted.
AM Conceptual and Practical Aspects of Quantifying Uncertainty in Environmental Modelling and Decision Support

Environmental decision support intends to use the best available scientific knowledge to predict the consequences of management alternatives. This raises 3 questions: (i) How to formally represent and quantify scientific knowledge? (ii) How to find adequate model structures and parameter values for predicting the behaviour of environmental systems under different driving conditions? (iii) How to implement efficient numerical procedures to actually calculate such predictions? Approaches to address all three of these questions will briefly be discussed. With respect to (i) an intersubjective interpretation of probabilities with an extension to imprecise probabilities is suggested as the most adequate representation of scientific knowledge. Conceptual arguments in favour of this approach are discussed as well as problems of alternative approaches. To address (ii) the importance of considering input errors, model structure deficiencies, and internal stochasticity of the modelled system is emphasized, as well as handling remaining systematic errors or bias in model output adequately. This typically requires Bayesian inference and the propagation of probability distributions through deterministic or stochastic models. Under (iii) numerical difficulties of Bayesian inference are briefly mentioned as well as approaches to overcome these. Of particular importance are adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) techniques that make it possible to simulate from the likelihood function instead of evaluating it, and recent approaches of statistically emulating computationally demanding dynamic models. Finally, an overview of research needs is provided.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Exploration and exploitation activities for design innovation

This paper focuses on design innovation: that is, the development of products that are new in terms of products’ appearance, the emotions products evoke, and/or the way they enable customers to express their identity. Although prior research acknowledges the importance of design innovation for product and organisational performance, studies on how to manage design innovation are relatively scarce. The present study attempts to fill this gap by investigating design innovation and its management in terms of the degree of exploration and exploitation activities and designers’ decision freedom when developing new offerings. We collected data on projects in which external design consultancies were actively involved during the development process (n = 83). For each project, we surveyed both the external senior designer and the project manager at the client’s side. Our results suggest that exploration activities enhance design innovativeness, and that design innovativeness results in better market performance. Furthermore, we find that exploitation activities moderate the relation between design innovativeness and process performance: when exploitation activities are high (low), design innovativeness results in better (worse) process performance. In addition, we find that when designers have decision freedom, the positive relation between exploration activities and design innovativeness is enhanced. However, our data also suggest that design innovativeness has a negative (positive) influence on market performance when designers have high (low) levels of decision freedom. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 24 November 2015 Accepted 10 May 2016
Community and International Nutrition Differential Response Patterns Affect Food-Security Prevalence Estimates for Households with and without Children 1

To produce national prevalence estimates for “food insecurity” and “food insecurity with hunger,” the USDA uses a battery of 18 survey items about symptoms of food-related hardship. Ten items refer to adults in the household, while 8 items refer to children in the household and hence are not asked of households without children. To equate food-security status in households with and without children, the USDA uses a statistical model from item response theory, known as the Rasch model. This model requires an assumption that adult-referenced items have the same severity calibrations for all households, including households with and without children. However, empirical estimates from the 2000 Current Population Survey showed significantly different severity calibrations for households with and without children. These differences have implications for observable response patterns. Holding constant the number of affirmative responses to adult-referenced items, households with children were more likely to respond that they “worried food would run out,” and households without children were more likely to be unable to afford “balanced meals. ” In light of such differences, the Rasch model cannot be used to equate the food-security status of households with and without children. One potential solution would be to estimate household food security by using the same battery of adult-referenced survey items for all households. J. Nutr. 134: 1910–1915, 2004.
The Effect of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Survival of Random Skin Flap on Sterptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Materials & Methods: In this study, 60 male Albino Wistar rats were used (average weight 250-300 gr). The rats were divided into six groups: 1) Health-Non (HN), 2) Health-Cells (HC), 3) Health-Sham (HS), 4) Diabetic-Non (DN) that were became diabetic by injecting STZ 70 mg/kg intraperitoneally), 5) Diabetic-Sham (DS), and 6) Diabetic-Cell (DC). In all groups, the day of surgery was considered as the zero day, on the back area of animal, the flap was created with a size of 8 × 3 cm and the BM-MSCs were performed. The sampling was performed on day 7 after surgery from the region where Transitional Zone (TZ) necrosis was initiated.
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Inflammation: Implications for Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract Asian Indians living in the Indian subcontinent or abroad experience high rate of coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Asian Indians are also known to suffer from various infections, particularly during their childhood. One such chronic infection is with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Since H. pylori with its specific virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) has been suggested to be associated with CHD, a role of this H. pylori infection was investigated in the pathogenesis of CHD in Asian Indians living in Bangladesh. H. pylori (CagA) infected subjects with CHD (HP+ve cases, n=21), and without CHD (HP+ve controls, n=20), and noninfected without CHD (HP-ve normal controls, n=21) were included in this study. Thromboxane (TXB), an index of platelet activation, was found to be significantly higher in the HP+ve cases (p=0.05), but not in the HP+ve controls (p=0.88) when compared with HP-ve controls. Analyses of lipid profiles revealed that while triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL did not show any significant changes, HDL was significantly lower in both the HP+ve cases (p=0.0003) and controls (p=0.005). The mean fasting glucose level in the HP+ve cases was markedly increased (p>0.0001), while it was intermediate in the HP+ve controls, and lowest in the HP-ve controls. HOMA-IR values, a measure of insulin resistance, did not reflect any substantial differences between the HP+ve and HP–ve controls, but they were highly significantly different between the HP+ve cases and HP–ve controls. HOMA-B, indicating insulin secretory dysfunction (ISD), was significantly higher in both the HP+ve groups when compared with the normal controls. The data indicate that H. pylori infection is associated with impaired insulin secretion, and that a component of insulin resistance that occurs independent of H. pylori can then lead to a worsening of glucose tolerance and the development of CHD. This is the first demonstration to our knowledge that H. pylori (CagA) infection is associated with insulin secretory dysfunction in human subjects. Since many Asian Indians contract various other chronic and acute infections, it is important to investigate the role of H. pylori and other infectious agents in the pathogenesis of T2DM and CHD.
Chapter Seven. Old structures, new faces: The presence of Wicca and Neopaganism in canadian prison Chaplaincies

This chapter offers a glimpse of the relationships between Wiccan chaplaincy workers and the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC). Pagan volunteers and employees, mostly Wiccans, form part of the chaplaincy teams. Isolation, work and contemplation were judged as the most efficient way to reform a delinquent. The increasing numbers of prison inmates with a religious identity other than Christian brought about a modification in chaplaincy services. Chaplaincy work takes time and energy. Chaplains believe that it can have a beneficial effect on the inmates and will help in social readaptation and the society in general. Their work has an immediate and local impact, as well as far-reaching consequences. Relationships between inmates, chaplains and administration are positive as the shifting and diverse religious needs of prisoners are addressed. Though the traditional Christian faiths are still present, new faces are appearing within chaplaincy teams, reflecting a Canadian society which is religiously diverse.Keywords: Correctional Service of Canada (CSC); non-Christian groups; pagan; prison system; Wiccan chaplaincy workers
Genome-wide scans of myopia in Pennsylvania Amish families reveal significant linkage to 12 q 15 , 8 q 21 . 3 and 5 p 15

Myopia is one of the most common ocular disorders in the world, yet the genetic etiology of the disease remains poorly understood. Specialized founder populations, such as the Pennsylvania Amish, provide the opportunity to utilize exclusive genomic architecture, like unique haplotypes, to better understand the genetic causes of myopia. We perform genetic linkage analysis on Pennsylvania Amish families that have a strong familial history of myopia to map any potential causal variants and genes for the disease. 293 individuals from 25 extended families were genotyped on the Illumina ExomePlus array and merged with previous microsatellite data. We coded myopia affection as a binary phenotype; myopia was defined as having a mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of less than or equal to − 1 D (diopters). Two-point and multipoint parametric linkage analyses were performed under an autosomal dominant model. When allowing for locus heterogeneity, we identified two novel genome-wide significantly linked variants at 12q15 (heterogeneity LOD, HLOD = 3.77) in PTPRB and at 8q21.3 (HLOD = 3.35) in CNGB3. We identified further three genome-wide significant variants within a single family. These three variants were located in exons of SLC6A18 at 5p15.33 (LODs ranged from 3.51 to 3.37). Multipoint analysis confirmed the significant signal at 5p15.33 with six genome-wide significant variants (LODs ranged from 3.6 to 3.3). Further suggestive evidence of linkage was observed in several other regions of the genome. All three novel linked regions contain strong candidate genes, especially CNGB3 on 8q21.3, which has been shown to affect photoreceptors and cause complete color blindness. Whole genome sequencing on these regions is planned to conclusively elucidate the causal variants.
No . 1808 Work Motivation and Teams

We provide a new measure of work motivation and show that motivation shapes the effects of team incentives and observation by peers on performance. In particular, we measure motivation to work hard as the deviation from the money-maximizing benchmark in a real-effort experiment. While we find that average output increases in response to team incentives and observation, we find that highly motivated workers do not respond. The reason is that highly motivated workers already work hard and increasing effort even further is very costly to them. JEL code: C91, J33, L20