Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
p53 expression and apoptosis in the lens after ultraviolet radiation exposure.

PURPOSE To localize p53 protein and active caspase-3 in the albino rat lens and to compare p53 mRNA and active caspase-3 expression in ultraviolet radiation (UVR) 300 nm exposed lenses and their contralateral nonexposed controls. METHODS Ten Sprague-Dawley albino rats were unilaterally exposed to 8 kJ/m(2) UVR, and the contralateral eyes were left nonexposed. In total, four exposed lenses and their respective contralateral nonexposed lenses were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to localize p53 and active caspase-3. In addition, six exposed and contralateral nonexposed lenses were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Quantified p53 and caspase-3 expression were compared between the in vivo UVR 300 nm exposed lenses and the contralateral nonexposed lenses. RESULTS All lenses exposed to UVR developed cataract. Immunohistochemistry showed that p53 and active caspase-3 were localized in the lens epithelial cells. Quantified p53 and caspase-3 expression were significantly higher in lenses exposed to UVR than in nonexposed lenses. CONCLUSIONS p53 and caspase-3 expression increase in lens epithelial cells after UVR exposure. In the lens, apoptosis induced by UVR may be associated with increased p53 expression.
Original film of the Okabayashi's radical hysterectomy by Okabayashi himself in 1932, and two films of the precise anatomy necessary for nerve-sparing Okabayashi's radical hysterectomy clarified by Shingo Fujii

Almost 100 years ago, radical hysterectomy was established by Ernst Wertheim as the surgical technique for the treatment of invasive cervical cancer. However, due to the complicated anatomy of the female pelvis, the method has been modified by many surgeons. Among these modifications, the method by Hidekazu Okabayashi at Kyoto Imperial University in Japan, published in 1921, was more radical and outstanding. Then, Okabayashi's method became a standard surgical procedure for invasive cervical cancer in Japan. We have discovered the historical film of radical hysterectomy performed by Okabayashi himself in 1932. In order to share the information of Okabayashi's radical hysterectomy, we decided to distribute the film through the website of IJGC. Moreover, as the direct descendant of Okabayashi, I have further modified the operation clarifying precise anatomy necessary for Okabayashl's radical hysterectomy. In addition, I also clarified the anatomy necessary for nerve sparing Okabayashi's radical hysterectomy. These two films modified by Shingo Fujii are also available on the IJGC website in the hope that these anatomical findings will be useful for young gynecologic surgeons.
The Impact of Cross-Listing on the Home Market's Information Environment and Stock Price Efficiency

We empirically examine changes in information asymmetry and informational efficiency of cross‐listed stocks in their home market around a cross‐listing in the United States. We estimate intraday market microstructure measures of information asymmetry and price efficiency, and find that a U.S. cross‐listing significantly improves the quality of a firm's information environment and stock price efficiency in the home market. This improvement is stronger for cross‐listings that take place after the adoption of Sarbanes‐Oxley Act. Our results demonstrate that stricter disclosure from a U.S. cross‐listing is beneficial, in line with the legal and reputational bonding hypotheses.
The interactive effect of the MAOA-VNTR genotype and childhood abuse on aggressive behaviors in Chinese male adolescents

Objective Gene–environment interactions that moderate aggressive behavior have been identified in association with the MAOA (monoamine oxidase A) gene. The present study examined the moderating effect of MAOA-VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) on aggression behavior relating to child abuse among Chinese adolescents. Materials and methods A sample of 507 healthy Chinese male adolescents completed the Child Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and Youth Self-report of the Child Behavior Checklist. The participants’ buccal cells were sampled and subjected to DNA analysis. The effects of childhood abuse (CTQ-SF scores), MAOA-VNTR [high-activity allele (H) versus low-activity allele (L)], and their interaction in aggressive behaviors were analyzed by linear regression. Results Child maltreatment was found to be a significant independent factor in the manifestation of aggressive behavior, whereas MAOA activity was not. There was a significant interaction between MAOA-VNTR and childhood maltreatment in the exhibition of aggressive behaviors. In the context of physical or emotional abuse, boys in the MAOA-L group showed a greater tendency toward aggression than those in the MAOA-H group. Conclusion Aggressive behavior arising from childhood maltreatment is moderated by MAOA-VNTR, which may be differentially sensitive to the subtype of childhood maltreatment experienced, among Chinese adolescents.
Analyzing brain networks with PCA and conditional Granger causality

Identifying directional influences in anatomical and functional circuits presents one of the greatest challenges for understanding neural computations in the brain. Granger causality mapping (GCM) derived from vector autoregressive models of data has been employed for this purpose, revealing complex temporal and spatial dynamics underlying cognitive processes. However, the traditional GCM methods are computationally expensive, as signals from thousands of voxels within selected regions of interest (ROIs) are individually processed, and being based on pairwise Granger causality, they lack the ability to distinguish direct from indirect connectivity among brain regions. In this work a new algorithm called PCA based conditional GCM is proposed to overcome these problems. The algorithm implements the following two procedures: (i) dimensionality reduction in ROIs of interest with principle component analysis (PCA), and (ii) estimation of the direct causal influences in local brain networks, using conditional Granger causality. Our results show that the proposed method achieves greater accuracy in detecting network connectivity than the commonly used pairwise Granger causality method. Furthermore, the use of PCA components in conjunction with conditional GCM greatly reduces the computational cost relative to the use of individual voxel time series. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary Subtalar Arthrodesis for the Treatment of Comminuted Calcaneal Fractures

We retrospectively evaluated the results of primary subtalar arthrodesis for the treatment of severely comminuted calcaneal fractures. Of 108 patients with 112 calcaneal fractures treated at our institution between 1989 and 1992, 16 (15%) underwent primary subtalar arthrodesis through an extensile lateral approach. The calcaneal height and width were restored with standard fixation techniques and then arthrodesis was performed with bone graft and fixation by 7.0-mm cannulated cancellous screws. Fourteen patients (12 males and 2 females; mean age, 40 years) were available for examination at a mean time of 26 months (range, 12–54 months) after surgery. Arthrodesis, evidenced by radiographic bony bridging across the arthrodesis site, was present in all patients between 8 and 12 weeks. Minor wound complications occurred in three patients. Of the 12 patients employed before the injury, 11 returned to their original occupations at a mean time of 8.8 months after injury (range, 1 month to 3 years). The mean AOFAS 100-point clinical rating scale score, evaluating pain, function, and alignment, was 72.4 points (range, 48–88 points). We conclude that primary subtalar arthrodesis is indicated as part of the management of comminuted displaced articular calcaneal fractures, yielding results that allowed 11 of 12 formerly employed patients to return to work.
Relationship Between Adiposity and Pulmonary Function in School-Aged Canadian Children.

Reduced lung function has been observed in adults with excess adiposity; however, in children, the relationship between adiposity and lung function is not clearly understood. A sample of 1,583 children, less than 18 years of age, from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) was used to examine the associations of various anthropometric and skinfold measures with lung function parameters. The mean age of the sample was 12.15 (0.096). In normal weight boys, body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV0.75 and FEV1; while in overweight or obese boys, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio showed inverse correlations with pulmonary function measures. Similarly, in normal weight girls, BMI and WC had positive associations with lung function measures but no inverse effect of adiposity was observed in overweight or obese girls. Skinfold analysis showed that only triceps skinfold had a significant inverse association with FVC and borderline significant associations with FEV0.75 and FEV1 in normal weight boys; while in overweight or obese boys, all the skinfold indicators displayed inverse correlations with lung function. The best predictor of lung function was triceps skinfold with βstd=-0.3869 for FVC, -0.3496 for FEV0.75 and -0.3668 for FEV1. No inverse correlations between skinfolds and lung function were observed in girls. Adiposity had differing effects on respiratory function that were dependent on sex and BMI group with the most significant effect on the overweight or obese boys. The most important indicator of adiposity in boys with BMI <30 kg/m2 was triceps skinfold. In girls, adiposity was not associated with poor lung function.
The Mediating Role of Trust: Investigating the Relationships among Employer Brand Perception and Turnover Intentions

The research study investigated the interrelationships among employer brand perception (EBP), trust in leaders (TRT) and turnover intentions (TI). In this study, responses from 350 junior-, middle- and senior-level executives working in Indian organizations were collected. The findings of the study indicate that EBP and subordinate’s TRT were negatively associated with TI. Further, Baron and Kenny’s (1986) four-step regression technique was used to test the mediating effect of subordinate’s trust in their leaders in establishing the relationships between EBP and TI. The results indicate that the relationship between EBP and TI was not only direct but also indirectly mediated significantly by the subordinate’s trust in their leaders. In the current study, employer brand perception emerged as a significant predictor of employee’s TI. The implications for future research on employee’s TI, EBP and subordinate’s trust in their leaders are further discussed in light of the findings.
Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Author : Doctor

Keywords Disease names and synonyms Definition/Diagnostic criteria Differential diagnosis Etiology Clinical description Diagnostic methods Epidemiology Management Unresolved questions References Abstract Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with onset in the first or second year of life. Frequency is unknown. It is characterized by a progressive motor and mental deterioration, bilateral pyramidal tract signs, marked hypotonia and early visual disturbances without epileptic seizures. The pathological hallmark of the disease is the presence of axonal swellings and "spheroid bodies" throughout central and peripheral system, evidenced by skin, nerve, conjunctiva, and rectum biopsy. Electrophysiological and radiological studies may be helpful for the diagnosis, which is based on the combination of clinical and pathological aspects. The basic metabolic and genetic defect is unknown and currently no effective treatment is available. Management includes physiotherapy and symptomatic treatment of spasticity.
Expression of Foxa transcription factors in the developing and adult murine prostate

The Foxa family (a1, a2, and a3) of proteins are transcription factors that are central to endodermal development. Recently, Foxa1 has been shown to regulate the transcription of several murine and human prostate specific genes involved in differentiated function by interacting with DNA promoter sequences and androgen receptors. Currently, the developmental expression pattern of Foxa proteins in the murine prostate is unknown.
G-CSF treatment for STEMI: final 3-year follow-up of the randomised placebo-controlled STEM-AMI trial

Objective To assess whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment induces a sustained benefit on adverse remodelling in patients with large anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after successful reperfusion. Methods The STEM-AMI Trial was a prospective, placebo-controlled, multicentre study. Sixty consecutive patients with a first anterior STEMI, who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention 2–12 h after symptom onset, with LV ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45% measured by echocardiography within 12 h after successful revascularisation (TIMI flow score ≥2), were randomised 1:1 to G-CSF (5 µg/Kg body weight b.i.d.) or placebo. Clinical events and Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Event (MACCE) were monitored, and LVEF, LV end-diastolic (LVEDV) and end-systolic (LVESV) volumes, and infarct size were evaluated by MRI at the final 3-year follow-up. Results Fifty-four patients completed the study, of whom 35 with MRI. No significant differences were found in mortality and MACCE between G-CSF and placebo-treated groups. The 3-year infarct size was not different between groups, whereas LVEDV was significantly lower in G-CSF (n=20) than in placebo (n=15) patients (170.1±8.1 vs 197.2±8.9 mL, respectively; p=0.033 at analysis of covariance). A significant inverse correlation was detected in G-CSF patients between the number of circulating CD34 cells at 30 days after reperfusion and the 3-year absolute and indexed LVEDV (ρ=−0.71, 95% CI −0.90 to −0.30, and ρ=−0.62, −0.86 to −0.14, respectively), or their change over time (r=−0.59, −0.85 to −0.11, and r=−0.55, −0.83 to −0.06, respectively). Conclusions G-CSF therapy may be beneficial in attenuating ventricular remodelling subsequent to a large anterior STEMI in the long term. No differences have been detected in clinical outcome.
Intracellular chloride and the mechanism for its accumulation in rat lumbrical muscle.

1. Double‐barrelled Cl(‐)‐sensitive microelectrodes have been used to measure the intracellular Cl‐ activity (aCli) and membrane potential (Em) in rat lumbrical muscles. The mean Cl‐ equilibrium potential (ECl), calculated from the measured aCli in sixty fibres, was 2.9 +/‐ 2.5 mV (S.D. of an observation) less negative than Em. The value of aCli was higher than would be expected for a passive distribution, by a mean 1.4 +/‐ 1.2 mM. The mean Em was ‐59.5 +/‐ 8.2 mV. 2. Removal of external Cl‐ (Cl‐(o)) resulted in a rapid fall in aCli and a transient depolarization. aCli stabilized at an apparent level of 1.7 +/‐ 1.0 mM (n = 24) while Em became substantially more negative than in normal Krebs solution (mean, ‐80.1 +/‐ 12.4 mV). Readdition of Cl‐(o) caused a rapid rise in aCli and transient hyperpolarization. ECl quickly became less negative than Em and both then fell in parallel towards the levels previously recorded in normal Krebs solution. 3. If lack of selectivity of the Cl(‐)‐sensitive ion exchanger and the intracellular presence of interfering anions, assumed to be responsible for the apparent aCli recorded in Cl(‐)‐depleted fibres, were also responsible for the apparently non‐passive Cl‐ distribution recorded under normal conditions, the difference between the calculated ECl and Em would increase at more negative potentials. This was not observed over a range of Em values between ‐46 and ‐84 mV. 4. Inhibition of the Cl‐ permeability by application of 9‐anthracene carboxylic acid (9‐AC) resulted in an immediate rise in aCli and hyperpolarization. An aCli up to 40 mM higher, or eleven times higher, than that predicted by a passive distribution was recorded. Application of 9‐AC after depletion of intracellular Cl‐ in Cl(‐)‐free solution had no effect on either the apparent aCli or Em. 5. It is concluded that Cl‐ ions are actively accumulated by the skeletal muscle fibre and that the Cl‐ distribution therefore normally exerts a depolarizing influence. 6. In the presence of 9‐AC and nominal absence of CO2 and HCO3‐, readdition of Cl‐(o) to Cl(‐)‐depleted fibres resulted in a substantial rise in aCli and a small, maintained depolarization. This clear demonstration of active accumulation was used to investigate the mechanism responsible for inward transport of Cl‐ ions. 7. Neither application of CO2 and HCO3‐ nor application of DIDS (4,4'‐diisothiocyanostilbene‐2,2'‐disulphonic acid) had any effect on the accumulation of Cl‐ ions. This suggests that Cl(‐)‐HCO3‐ exchange is not involved. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Fibrotic sequelae in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis: histopathological aspects in BALB/c mice infected with viable and non-viable paracoccidioides brasiliensis propagules.

Patients with paracoccidioidomycosis often present pulmonary fibrosis and exhibit important respiratory limitations. Based on an already established animal model, the contribution of viable and non-viable P. brasiliensis propagules to the development of fibrosis was investigated. BALB/c male mice, 4-6 weeks old were inoculated intranasally either with 4x10(6) viable conidia (Group I), or 6. 5x10(6) fragmented yeast cells (Group II). Control animals received PBS. Six mice per period were sacrificed at 24, 48, 72h (initial) and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks post-challenge (late). Paraffin embedded lungs were sectioned and stained with H&E, trichromic (Masson), reticulin and Grocot&tacute;s. During the initial period PMNs influx was important in both groups and acute inflammation involving 34% to 45% of the lungs was noticed. Later on, mononuclear cells predominated. In group I, the inflammation progressed and granulomas were formed and by the 12th week they fussed and became loose. Thick collagen I fibers were observed in 66.6% and 83.3% of the animals at 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Collagen III, thick fibers became apparent in some animals at 4 weeks and by 12 weeks, 83% of them exhibited alterations in the organization and thickness of these elements. In group II mice, this pattern was different with stepwise decrease in the number of inflammatory foci and lack of granulomas. Although initially most animals in this group had minor alterations in thin collagen I fibers, they disappeared by the 4th week. Results indicate that tissue response to fragmented yeast cells was transitory while viable conidia evoked a progressive inflammatory reaction leading to granuloma formation and to excess production and/or disarrangement of collagens I and III; the latter led to fibrosis.
Development of parasagittal zonation in the rat cerebellar cortex: MabQ113 antigenic bands are created postnatally by the suppression of antigen expression in a subset of Purkinje cells

Monoclonal antibody mabQ113 recognizes a polypeptide antigen that, in the adult cerebellum, is confined to a subset of Purkinje cells that are clustered together to form parasagittal bands interposed by similar nonimmunoreactive bands. The Purkinje cell compartments are congruent with bands of climbing fibers projecting from subregions of the inferior olivary complex (ICC). The array of mabQ113 parasagittal bands appears late in the development of the cortex. Weak mabQ113 immunoreactivity is first seen at postnatal day 6 (P6) in the Purkinje cells of the posterior lobe of the vermis. From the earliest stages there are signs of differential expression of the mabQ113 antigen in clusters of Purkinje cells: four mabQ113+ clusters are clearly present in the posterior lobe of the vermis at P6‐P7. Their relation to the adult band display remains uncertain. During the next few days immunoreactivity spreads rostrally throughout the rest of the vermis and laterally to include the Purkinje cells in the hemispheres, until by P12 all the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum are mabQ113+. Nevertheless, signs of the adult band display are seen already in the vermis where the cells destined to become the vermal mabQ113+ bands (P1+, P2+ and P3+) stain more intensely than their neighbours. Following the stage of global mabQ113 epitope expression, bands are created by the selective suppression of immunoreactivity by Purkinje cells in the P— regions. By P15 the mabQ113+ and mabQ113— bands are clearly differentiated in the vermis and selective staining has begun to appear in the hemispheres also. The band pattern matures gradually during the third and fourth postnatal weeks until the adult appearance is attained by P30. The cerebellar afferent projections were lesioned to explore the interplay of cerebellar input and mabQ113 expression. The olivocerebellar projection was lesioned bilaterally by using 3‐acetylpyridine in the adult and unilaterally in the newborn by electrolytic lesion and unilateral inferior cerebellar pedunculectomy. Mossy fibers from the dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts were lesioned surgically both in adults and in newborns and trigeminal projections to the cerebellum were removed in the newborn by unilateral ablation of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The consequences of total blockage of vibrissal and hindlimb inputs were also explored in both adults and neonates. None of these treatments led to a modification in the pattern of mabQ113 epitope expression. Therefore, although parasagittal zonation is present in the afferent projection before synaptic contact is made with the Purkinje cells, it appears that the mabQ113+/mabQ113– bands can develop independently of afferent synaptic input.
Training Femoral Neck Screw Insertion Skills to Surgical Trainees: Computer-Assisted Surgery Versus Conventional Fluoroscopic Technique

Background: Femoral neck fractures are among the most common orthopaedic injuries impacting the health care system. Surgical management of such fractures with cannulated screws is a commonly performed procedure. The acquisition of surgical skills necessary to perform this procedure typically involves learning on real patients with fluoroscopic guidance. This study attempts to determine if a novel computer-navigated training model improves the learning of this basic surgical skill. Methods: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, and controlled study was conducted using surgical trainees with no prior experience in surgically managing femoral neck fractures. After a training session, participants underwent a pretest by performing the surgical task (screw placement) on a simulated hip fracture using fluoroscopic guidance. Immediately after, participants were randomized into either undergoing a training session using conventional fluoroscopy or computer-based navigation. Immediate posttest, retention (4 weeks later), and transfer tests were performed. Performance during the tests was determined by radiographic analysis of hardware placement. Results: Screw placement by trainees was ultimately equal to the level of an expert surgeon with either training technique. Participants who trained with computer navigation took fewer attempts to position hardware and used less fluoroscopy time than those trained with fluoroscopy. When those trained with fluoroscopy used computer navigation at the transfer test, less fluoroscopy time and dosage was used. The concurrent augmented feedback provided by computer navigation did not affect the learning of this basic surgical skill in surgical novices. No compromise in learning occurred if the surgical novice trained with one type of technology and transferred to using the other. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that computer navigation may be safely used to train surgical novices in a basic procedure. This model avoids using both live patients and harmful radiation without a compromise in the acquisition of a 3-dimensional technical skill.