Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elementary steps in the DNA polymerase I reaction pathway.

The polymerization reaction catalyzed by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Pol I) has been studied by using the homopolymer template-primer system poly(dA). oligo(dT). Isotope-partitioning experiments indicate that the reaction follows an ordered mechanism in which Pol I first combines with template-primer to form an E.poly complex followed by addition of MgTTP and catalysis. The parameters governing the binding of Pol I to the template-primer are kon = 1.2 X 10(6) M-1 s-1, koff = 0.25 s-1, and KD = 2 X 10(-7) M. Efforts to demonstrate the catalytic competence of the binary E.MgTTP complex were unsuccessful. Following initiation of the catalytic cycle, Pol I catalyzes the incorporation of an average of 40-50 TTP molecules into polymer before dissociating from the template-primer. The processive nature of the polymerization reaction as reflected by the isotope-trapping time dependence can be accounted for by a model in which processive synthesis is treated as a simple partitioning between continued polymerization (kcat = 3.8 s-1, 22 degrees C) and dissociation of the enzyme from the template-primer under steady-state conditions (koffss = 0.1 s-1). The rapid quench time course of the polymerization reaction (kcat = 2.5 s-1, 20 degrees C) exhibited a pre-steady-state burst consistent with two partially rate-determining steps, one of which precedes the actual chemical phosphodiester bond-forming step (k = 4.6 s-1) and the other which follows this step (k = 4.0 s-1). Binding of MgTTP to the E.poly complex was shown to be a rapid equilibrium step by steady-state isotope-partitioning experiments. This suggested that the first rate-determining step may be a first-order isomerization which follows the binding of substrates and precedes bond formation.
Infection with herpes-simplex viruses 1 and 2. II.

Herpes-simplex virus 1 (HSV1) and 2 can cause recurrent infection in man and in nonhuman species localized on a specific area of the body, such as face, cornea, or genitals. The origin of the virus responsible for a recurrent infection is not usually apparent. Some possible sources of virus can be exogenous infection, endogenous infection from another site of the body, chronic, continuous viral multiplication around the site of involvement, and persistence of the virus at the site of the recurrent infection. No definite information is yet available regarding the mechanism by which HSV1 or HSV2 persists and it is triggered to multiply, or regarding the cells that harbor the virus. It is possible that frequent or constant antigenic stimulation occurs in at least some cases of recurrent herpetic infections. The role of antibodies and of interferon in host resistance to HSV remains to be elucidated. Several recent studies have shown the association of more than a dozen herpes viruses with cancer in man and various animals; for example with limphoma, and with squamous cell carcinoma of the lip and cancer of the cervix. Genital HSV infections and cervical cancer were first linked when it was noted that women with genital herpes had a high frequency of cervical dysplasia and cancer. The results of new seroepidemiologic studies on this subject are still difficult to evaluate. Inocculation of HSV2 in laboratory animals has resulted in sarcomas, but it has never been possible to prove that the virus caused the tumors, since no HSV antigens could be detected in the tumors. However, herpesvirus antigens have been demonstrated by immunofluorescent technics in exfoliated cervical cells obtained from women with dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma. In the absence of other kinds of data, it is difficult to rule out the possibility that the presence of HSV2 or of antigens is not an independent event unrelated to the cancer.
Learning Contextual Embeddings for Knowledge Graph Completion

Knowledge Graphs capture entities and their relationships. However, many knowledge graphs are afflicted by missing data. Recently, embedding methods have been used to alleviate this issue via knowledge graph completion. However, most existing methods only consider the relationship in triples, even though contextual relation types, consisting of the surrounding relation types of a triple, can substantially improve prediction accuracy. Therefore, we propose a contextual embedding method that learns the embeddings of entities and predicates while taking contextual relation types into account. The main benefits of our approach are: (1) improved scalability via a reduced number of epochs needed to achieve comparable or better results with the same memory complexity, (2) higher prediction accuracy (an average of 14%) compared to the related algorithms, and (3) high accuracy for both missing entity and predicate predictions. The source code and the YAGO43k dataset of this paper can be found from (https://github.ncsu.edu/cmoon2/kg).
Serum cystatin C in the United States: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).

BACKGROUND Serum cystatin C increasingly is used as a marker of glomerular filtration rate and cardiovascular risk. However, information for serum cystatin C levels in the general population, specifically across a wide age range and different ethnicities, is lacking. OBJECTIVES To determine nationally representative serum cystatin C levels, estimate the prevalence of increased cystatin C levels in the general population, and identify factors associated with increased cystatin C levels. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A nationally representative subsample of 7,596 participants aged 12 years or older in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 1988-1994. PREDICTORS Age, sex, race/ethnicity, risk factors for chronic kidney disease. OUTCOMES Continuous serum cystatin C levels and serum cystatin C level greater than 1.12 mg/L. MEASUREMENTS Cystatin C was measured in 2006 from stored sera by using an automated particle-enhanced nephelometric assay. RESULTS Overall median serum cystatin C level was 0.85 mg/L. Median cystatin C levels increased steeply with age and were greater in males and non-Hispanic white persons, even in a healthy subgroup of 20- to 39-year-olds. Prevalences of increased serum cystatin C levels (>1.12 mg/L) were 1%, 41%, and greater than 50% in all persons aged younger than 20 years, 60 years or older, and 80 years or older. In persons aged 60 years and older, older age, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, hypertension, current smoking, lower levels of education and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased body mass index, C-reactive protein, and triglyceride values were associated significantly with increased serum cystatin C levels. LIMITATIONS No measured glomerular filtration rate, single measurement of cystatin C, cross-sectional study design. CONCLUSIONS Serum cystatin C level is related to sex and ethnicity, even in young healthy individuals. The prevalence of increased cystatin C levels increases dramatically with age, reaching greater than 50% after the age of 80 years in both sexes and all ethnic groups.
The Role of Interference and Inhibition Processes in Dysphoric Early Adolescents

Cognitive theories emphasize the importance of attentional biases in the development and maintenance of depression. Noteworthy, recent studies indicate that depression-related biases only occur in later stages of attentional processing. This is consistent with the idea that attention is a multicomponent process, consisting of at least two mechanisms: selection and inhibition. Therefore, this study aims to investigate interference and inhibition toward angry and happy stimuli in dysphoric adolescents compared to nondysphoric adolescents. To examine interference and inhibition of emotional information in 21 dysphoric (17 girls) and 28 nondysphoric adolescents (17 girls), 10–16 years of age, a Negative Affective Priming task was used. In this task, a target has to be evaluated as positive or negative while ignoring a distractor. As expected, dysphoric adolescents showed both higher interference from and higher inhibition of angry stimuli relative to nondysphoric adolescents. In contrast, happy stimuli did not lead to interference and consequently did not have to be inhibited in either group. Finally, a positive relation was found between interference and the subsequent inhibition of emotional stimuli. These observations confirm the existence of a bias toward angry faces in dysphoric adolescents and indicate a higher inhibition of angry faces in dysphoric adolescents compared to nondysphoric adolescents. The obtained results are different from those of similar previous studies in depressed or dysphoric adults using sad faces or negatively valenced words and might reveal important emotion-specific or age-specific inhibitory biases.
Amyloid β‐peptide(1–42) and hydrogen peroxide‐induced toxicity are mediated by TRPM2 in rat primary striatal cultures

Amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) is the main component of senile plaques which characterize Alzheimer's disease and may induce neuronal death through mechanisms which include oxidative stress. To date, the signalling pathways linking oxidant stress, a component of several neurodegenerative diseases, to cell death in the CNS are poorly understood. Melastatin‐like transient receptor potential 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+‐permeant non‐selective cation channel, which responds to increases in oxidative stress levels in the cell and is activated by oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide. We demonstrate here that Aβ and hydrogen peroxide both induce death in cultured rat striatal cells which express TRPM2 endogenously. Transfection with a splice variant that acts as a dominant negative blocker of TRPM2 function (TRPM2‐S) inhibited both hydrogen peroxide‐ and Aβ‐induced increases in intracellular‐free Ca2+ and cell death. Functional inhibition of TRPM2 activation by the poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase inhibitor SB‐750139, a modulator of intracellular pathways activating TRPM2, attenuated hydrogen peroxide‐ and Aβ‐induced cell death. Furthermore, a small interfering RNA which targets TRPM2, reduced TRPM2 mRNA levels and the toxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide and Aβ. These data demonstrate that activation of TRPM2, functionally expressed in primary cultures of rat striatum, contributes to Aβ‐ and oxidative stress‐induced striatal cell death.
Childhood Enuresis: A Study of Dogarawa Community of North Western Nigeria.

This study aimed at determining the prevalence and factors associated with enuresis in Dogarawa community of Kaduna state, North western Nigeria. Using a structured questionnaire, the prevalence of enuresis was determined amongst apparently healthy 300 children aged 5-17 years from 15 th September, 2010 to 20 th January, 2011.The prevalence of enuresis was 26.3%. Males accounted for 69.6% (55 subjects) while females made up 30.4% (24 subjects) of those who were enuretic. The relationship between gender and prevalence of enuresis was statistically significant (χc 2 = 8.92, df = 1, p< 0.05). All the enuretic children had primary enuresis, no case of secondary enuresis was recorded. There was also no case of strict diurnal enuresis. Sixty-five (21.7%) of the enuretic children had strict nocturnal enuresis and 14 (4.7%) had combined nocturnal and diurnal enuresis. The prevalence of enuresis decreased with increasing age and this was statistically significant (χ 2 = 16.3, df =3, p< 0.05). Although not statistically significant, enuresis was commoner in children from low socio-economic background and amongst first order births. There was a positive association between family history of bedwetting and prevalence of enuresis (χc 2 =124.2, df=4, p < 0.05). The 1 It is a worrying condition that involves repeated voiding of urine into clothes or bedclothes that persist beyond the normative age of maturation of urinary control. 2 Enuresis may be classified as nocturnal, diurnal or both. It can also be classified as primary or secondary consistent with the fashion of its onset. 3 The prevalence estimates of enuresis are highly
“Designer” Biodiesel: Optimizing Fatty Ester Composition to Improve Fuel Properties†

Biodiesel is a domestic and renewable alternative with the potential to replace some of the petrodiesel market. It is obtained from vegetable oils, animal fats, or other sources with a significant content of triacylglycerols by means of a transesterification reaction. The fatty acid profile of biodiesel thus corresponds to that of the parent oil or fat and is a major factor influencing fuel properties. Besides being renewable and of domestic origin, advantages of biodiesel compared to petrodiesel include biodegradability, higher flash point, reduction of most regulated exhaust emissions, miscibility in all ratios with petrodiesel, compatibility with the existing fuel distribution infrastructure, and inherent lubricity. Technical problems with biodiesel include oxidative stability, cold flow, and increased NOx exhaust emissions. Solutions to one of these problems often entail increasing the problematic behavior of another property and have included the use of additives or modifying the fatty acid compositi.
Common method variance in NEO-FFI and IPIP personality measurement

Including a method factor on which all items loaded significantly improved fit of CFAs of both IPIP and NEO-FFI data. Fit was further improved by separating the method factor into two factors representing construct-positive and construct-negative items. The criterion-related validity of conscientiousness increased when uncontaminated by method bias. PRESS PARAGRAPH This research extends previous findings of contamination of personality scores by common method bias to the popular NEO-FFI measure of personality traits. Previous studies have found that responses to the IPIP Five Factor Model personality assessment are contaminated by common method bias, and that factors representing constructpositive and construct-negative items contribute separately to that contamination. The present research found similar results for the NEO-FFI measure, indicating almost 14 percent of total variance in responses is associated with such response biases. The effects of this contamination on validity are shown and suggestions for dealing with it are discussed.
Low melatonin production in infants with a life‐threatening event

This study compares the urinary excretion of the main melatonin metabolite, 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin (6SMT), in infants who have and have not experienced a life‐threatening event (ALTE). 6SMT was assessed in the following groups of infants: 15 infants with ALTE for whom home monitoring had been recommended, 15 infants who had had an abrupt cyanotic apneic event but did not require mouth‐to‐mouth resuscitation, 15 siblings of those who had died from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and 35 age‐matched healthy comparison infants. All 80 infants were between 48 and 58 weeks of postconceptional age. On a double‐blind basis, the total amount of 6SMT excreted over 24 hours and the diurnal rhythm in the rate of 6SMT excretion were assessed using urine samples taken from disposable diapers (nappies). The mean daily excretion of 6SMT was significantly lower in the ALTE (1588ng/24 hour) than in the comparison infants (3961 ng/24 hour). No such difference was found between the infants with a cyanotic apneic event (3268 ng/24 hour) and the SIDS siblings (2962 ng/24 hour). The diurnal 6SMT rhythms in the ALTE infants were characterized by lower 24‐hour mean and amplitude values, whereas the time of peak and nadir excretion rates (07:15 to 08:45 hours and 14:45 to 16:15 hours respectively) was similar in all four infant groups. Follow‐up of the ALTE infants, performed 6 to 8 weeks later (59 to 66 weeks of postconceptional age), revealed that 6SMT excretion increased in all of them, suggesting a delayed ontogeny rather than permanent deficiency of melatonin production in ALTE.
Muscle oxygenation and pulmonary gas exchange kinetics during cycling exercise on-transitions in humans.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was utilized to gain insights into the kinetics of oxidative metabolism during exercise transitions. Ten untrained young men were tested on a cycle ergometer during transitions from unloaded pedaling to 5 min of constant-load exercise below (VT) the ventilatory threshold. Vastus lateralis oxygenation was determined by NIRS, and pulmonary O2 uptake (Vo --> Vo2) was determined breath-by-breath. Changes in deoxygenated hemoglobin + myoglobin concentration Delta[deoxy(Hb + Mb)] were taken as a muscle oxygenation index. At the transition, [Delta[deoxy(Hb + Mb)]] was unmodified [time delay (TD)] for 8.9 +/- 0.5 s at VT (both significantly different from 0) and then increased, following a monoexponential function [time constant (tau) = 8.5 +/- 0.9 s for VT]. For >VT a slow component of Delta[deoxy(Hb + Mb)] on-kinetics was observed in 9 of 10 subjects after 75.0 +/- 14.0 s of exercise. A significant correlation was described between the mean response time (MRT = TD + tau) of the primary component of Delta[deoxy(Hb + Mb)] on-kinetics and the tau of the primary component of the pulmonary Vo2 on-kinetics. The constant muscle oxygenation during the initial phase of the on-transition indicates a tight coupling between increases in O2 delivery and O2 utilization. The lack of a drop in muscle oxygenation at the transition suggests adequacy of O2 availability in relation to needs.
Isolation of aureol from Smenospongia sp. and cytotoxic activity of some aureol derivatives

The sesquiterpene aureol (1) was isolated by chromatographic fractionation of a non-polar extract from Smenospongia sp. Methylation of aureol yielded 5′-O-methyl-aureol (2) while the prepared acylation products of aureol were 5′-O-acetyl-aureol (3), 5′-O-benzoyl-aureol (4), 5′-O-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-aureol (5), 5′-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-aureol (6), 5′-O-(4-methylbenzoyl)-aureol (7), 5′-O-nicotinoyl-aureol (8), aureol-N,N-dimethylthiocarbamate (9), 5′-O-(2-furoylcarbonyl)-aureol (10), 5′-O-(2-thienoylcarbonyl-aureol (11). The structures of aureol as well as its ten derivatives were established through spectral analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the eleven compounds were evaluated against Hepa59T/VGH, KB and Hela tumor cell lines.
Uji Kualitas Semen Kambing Nubian dan Peranakannya (Kambing Nubian X PE) serta Kambing Boer Berdasarkan Lama Penyimpanan

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas semen kambing Nubian, kambing Peranakan Nubian (kambing Nubian x PE) dan kambing Boer berdasarkan lama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 3 kelompok jenis ternak yaitu kambing Nubian (K1), kambing Peranakan Nubian (K2), kambing Boer (K3) dan 4 perlakuan penyimpanan yaitu penyimpanan 0 jam/segar (P0), 12 jam (P1), 24 jam (P2), 36 jam (P3). Variabel yang diamati meliputi uji makroskopik (warna, pH, volume) dan uji mikroskopik (motilitas spermatozoa, konsentrasi spermatozoa, persentase spermatozoa hidup dan persentase abnormalitas spermatozoa). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok jenis ternak tidak mempengaruhi semua variabel yang diukur kecuali konsentrasi spermatozoa. Lama penyimpanan semen mempengaruhi motilitas spermatozoa, persentase spermatozoa hidup dan persentase abnormalitas spermatozoa, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi pH semen pada kambing Nubian, kambing Peranakan Nubian dan kambing Boer. Kualitas dan kuantitas spermatozoa terbaik pada 0 jam/segar pada semen kambing Nubian, kambing Peranakan Nubian dan kambing Boer. Kata kunci : Kualitas semen, kambing Nubian, kambing Peranakan Nubian, kambing Boer
The use of elastic compression stockings for post‐thrombotic syndrome in a child

Post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a potential complication following deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in children. Guidelines for management of PTS in children are non‐existent. The absence of guidelines may limit the use of elastic compression stockings (ECS), offered for prevention and treatment of PTS in adults. We report the case of a 6‐year‐old, who developed PTS following a presumed line‐related lower limb DVT, with dramatic improvement in functional status with ECS use. The presented case highlights the subtle nature of symptoms, potential benefits and limitations of ECS use for PTS, and current lack of evidence in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:462–463. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross-dialectal interaction : examples from three Arabic speech communities in the UK

Les locuteurs arabes au Royaume-Uni forment differentes communautes en fonction des dialectes parles correspondant aux differents pays d'origine. Ils sont generalement bilingues (arabe/anglais), voire multilingues s'ils parlent plusieurs dialectes arabes. L'A. examine les strategies de communication developpees dans l'interaction interdialectale par des locuteurs appartenant a trois communautes arabes (iraqi, libanaise, marocaine)
Functional Morals : Attitude Functions and Moral Reasoning

Functional theories of attitudes address why people hold attitudes. The current study had two main goals: to extend the study of attitude functions, and to relate these functions to moral development. One hundred seventy-four participants filled out a revision of Herek's (1987) Attitude Functions Inventory (AFI) and a short form of Rest's (1979) Defining Issues Test (DIT). Factor analysis on the AFI revealed 7 factors, corresponding to several defined attitude functions. Multiple regression analyses revealed that moral stage-typical reasoning, as assessed by the DIT, is significantly related to attitude functions in a theoretically consistent manner. Implications for the future study of attitude functions and their bases in moral thought are discussed.
Measuring the benefits of treatment for psychosis: validity and responsiveness of the EQ–5D

Background The UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recommended that cost-effectiveness analysis includes the EQ–5D; however, this is often not implemented in the area of mental health. Aims To assess the appropriateness of using the EQ–5D to measure improvements in mental health. Method Seventy-seven participants with psychosis were rated according to the EQ–5D and seven measures of mental health at both pre- and post-intervention. To assess construct validity we compared the (pre-intervention) mean EQ–5D scores for those with milder and more severe scores, according to each of the seven measures. To assess responsiveness we estimated the mean EQ–5D change score for those who improved (post-intervention), according to each of the measures. Results The mean EQ–5D score was more favourable for both those with milder scores (mean difference: 0.044 to 0.301) and for those who improved post-intervention (mean change: 0.029 to 0.117). Conclusions This suggests the EQ–5D should be considered for use in future cost-effectiveness studies in the area of mental health.
Effectiveness of Hormonal Tourniquet by Vasopressin during Myomectomy through Vasopressin V1a Receptor Ubiquitously Expressed in Myometrium

To elucidate the mechanism by which myometrial vasopressin injection promotes hemostasis during myomectomy, we examined the expression of vasopressin V1a receptor transcripts in the myometrium. Vasopressin V1a receptor expression was ubiquitous, and the transcripts were detected in the myometrium not only of cycling and pregnant patients, but also of postmenopausal or GnRH agonist-treated patients. Based on these observations, we applied intraoperative myometrial vasopressin injection during myomectomy in a non-randomized study in a total of 84 patients. Vasopressin injection significantly reduced the intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hemoglobin fall in patients without and with GnRH agonist pretreatment. No serious complications occurred on account of the vasopressin injection. We conclude that intraoperative vasopressin injection is effective as a hormonal tourniquet even in GnRH agonist-pretreated myomectomy.