Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Are Older Latinos Told About Physical Activity and Cognition? A Content Analysis of a Top-Circulating Magazine

Objectives: Physical activity (PA) may reduce risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objectives of this study were to: (a) Compare the content of English and Spanish PA-focused articles in American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) magazines; and (b) Determine whether these articles discuss PA as a potential correlate of AD. Method: AARP (English) and AARP Segunda Juventud (Spanish) magazines were assessed for PA coverage from 2009 to 2010. Articles were analyzed using nonparametric tests. Results: A total of 63 articles discussed PA (48 English; 15 Spanish). In AARP English, 70.8% of articles discussed formal exercise, while 53.3% of Spanish articles discussed formal exercise. Only three English articles mentioned that PA has the potential to reduce risk of AD. No Spanish articles mentioned this association. Discussion: Spanish content did not adequately present cognitive health information. Culturally appropriate media coverage is needed to inform diverse populations about cognitive health and risks of AD.
Novel structural analogues of piperine as inhibitors of the NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus.

OBJECTIVES Evaluation of novel synthetic analogues of piperine as inhibitors of multidrug efflux pump NorA of Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS A library of piperine-derived compounds was evaluated for their potential to inhibit ethidium bromide efflux in NorA-overexpressing S. aureus SA 1199B. The active compounds were then individually combined with ciprofloxacin to study the potentiation of ciprofloxacin's activity. RESULTS Based on the efflux inhibition assay, a library of 200 compounds was screened. Three piperine analogues, namely SK-20, SK-56 and SK-29, were found to be the most potent inhibitors of the NorA efflux pump. These inhibitors acted in a synergistic manner with ciprofloxacin, by substantially increasing its activity against both NorA-overexpressing and wild-type S. aureus isolates. These analogues were 2- to 4-fold more potent than piperine at a significantly lower minimal effective concentration. Furthermore, these inhibitors also significantly suppressed the in vitro emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus. CONCLUSIONS A newly identified class of compounds derived from a natural amide, piperine, is more potent than the parent molecule in potentiating the activity of ciprofloxacin through the inhibition of the NorA efflux pump. These molecules may prove useful in augmenting the antibacterial activities of fluoroquinolones in a clinical setting.
Risk indicators for referral during labor from community midwife to gynecologist: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Objective: To identify risk indicators for referral during labor from community midwife to a gynecologist in a prospective cohort of women with a singleton term pregnancy, starting labor with a community midwife between 2000 and 2007, registered in the Dutch national perinatal registry. Main outcome measures: Referral from community midwife to a gynecologist during labor, because of fetal distress, failure to progress in second stage of labor, meconium stained amniotic fluid, failure to progress in first stage of labor, wish for pain relief, a combination of other less urgent reasons or no referral (reference). Results: A total of 241 595 (32%) were referred from community midwife to a gynecologist during labor, because of fetal distress (FD;5%), failure to progress in second stage of labor (FTP2;14%), meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF;24%), failure to progress in first stage of labor (FTP1;17%), wish for pain relief (WFPR;7%) or a combination of other less urgent reasons, for example, malpresentation (e.g. breech) or other nonspecified problems (OTHER;33%). The strongest overall risk indicators were gestational age (lower risk of referral because of FD, FTP2, MSAF, FTP1 and WFPR and a higher risk of referral because of OTHER at a gestational age between 37+0 and 37+6 weeks, and higher risks of referral for all reasons at a gestational age ≥41+0 when compared to a gestational age between 38 +0 and 40 +6 weeks and no referral), the intended place of delivery (higher risk of all types of referral compared to no referral when the intended place of delivery was either at a midwife-led birth center or a hospital instead of at home) and birth history (higher risk of all types of referral compared to no referral when women had a history of instrumental vaginal delivery or when they were nulliparous instead of being multiparous without a history of an instrument vaginal delivery). Risk indicators associated with specific reasons of referral were maternal age, ethnicity, degree of urbanization, social economic status, neonatal gender and birth weight. Conclusions: Among low-risk pregnant women, a referral during labor is associated with readily available risk indicators. These risk indicators may be used to increase referral risk awareness and to counsel women for the intended place to start labor.
Humoral Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens Fed with Antibiotic and Neem Fruit Powder (Azadirachta Indica) as Feed Additive Supplemented Diet

This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of different levels of neem (Melia Azadirachta) in comparison with an antibiotic (flavofosfolipol) on humoral immune responses of broiler chicks. In this trial 192 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were weighted and randomly assigned to the 4 treatment groups, each with 4 replicates with 12 broilers. The 4 treatments were as follows: 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet + antibiotic (4.5 mg flavofosfolipol/kg diet) ; 3. Basal diet + neem fruit (7 g/kg diet) ;4. Basal diet + neem fruit (12 g/kg diet). The broiler tested for antibody titer against Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC), following SRBC injection and Newcastel Disease Virus (NDV), Avian Influenza (AI) following vaccination. At 28 (for AI, NDV) and 31(for SRBC) days blood sample were taken and analyzed for immune response. Results showed that, neem fruit (7 mg/kg) treated broiler had highest antibody titres against SRBC and AI.7 g/kg neem fruit to diet resulted higher antibody titres against SRBC than that 12 g/kg diet neem treatment(P < 0.05). Antibody titres against AI of birds given 7 g/kg diet neem fruit supplemented diet was significantly higher than those bird fed with basal diet and antibiotic (P < 0.05). Used of 7 g/kg diet Neem led to the highest antibody titres against Newcastel virus compared to other groups but not significantly. In conclusion, these results are discussed in light of the possible immunopotentiating effects of neem fruit. Keywords-Melia Azadirachta; Broiler; Humoral immune responses
Jogo sério colaborativo para o ensino da programação a crianças

To teach programming for the first time to kids can be really a hard and frustrating task. This situation happens mostly because the principles of programming are in some away abstract and not a funny thing. This paper introduces Boobo World, a Massively Multiplayer Online Game whose main goal is teach fundamental programming concepts to children, without losing the fun. The concept behind this game is to encourage the children to maintain motivation in programming activities and invite their friends to the game so they can solve all the challenges proposed collaboratively.
Prospective Surveillance of Intravenous Amphotericin B Use Patterns

Information on amphotericin B use patterns and infusion‐related adverse events were prospectively collected from 397 hospitalized adults. The methods of initiating amphotericin B varied greatly, with the majority of patients being gradually titrated to a full maintenance dose over 1–5 days. Overall, 71% of patients experienced at least one episode of an infusion‐related adverse event (IRAE) during the first week of therapy. Fever and chills were most commonly observed, with peak frequency on days 1 −3, followed by a subsquent decline. A wide variety of pretreatment medications were used to minimize IRAE; the most common regimens included some combination of diphenhydramine, acetaminophen, and corticosteroids, with or without heparin. The majority of patients (84.7%) received a test dose, and although none experienced a severe allergic reaction, one patient subsequently had an anaphylactic episode on the third day of amphotericin B therapy. The use of a test dose and the titration process are attempts to avoid the IRAE frequency associated with large initial doses of amphotericin B, but we observed that they provided little or no benefit. In addition, our study suggests that pretreatment regimens are frequently used in conjunction with the test dose. If the intent of the test dose is to identify patients sensitive to amphotericin B, pretreatment drugs may minimize these adverse events and prevent a complete evaluation of response to the test dose.
Central Corneal Thickness in Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose: To assess central corneal thickness (CCT) values in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). Methods: The study group was made up of 25 participants with ID (mean age, 36.9 ± 8.7 years). The control group was made up of 25 healthy individuals (mean age, 37.1 ± 10.1 years) with normal intellectual capacity and without any systemic or intraocular pathology. CCT value was measured by ultrasound pachymetry. Ten consecutive measurements were made at the center of the cornea of each eye. Results: In the ID group, mean CCT value was 554.0 ± 39.7 μm in the right eye and 556.8 ± 38.7 μm in the left eye. In the control group, mean CCT value was 535.7 ± 24.2 μm in the right eye and 536.5 ± 24.8 μm in the left eye. CCT value in the ID group was significantly greater than in the control group for both right (P < 0.05) and left eyes (P < 0.02). Conclusions: CCT should be kept in mind during measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) in individuals with ID because their CCTs may be greater than those in the general population.
The Nitric Oxide/cGMP System in the Antennal Lobe of Apis mellifera is Implicated in Integrative Processing of Chemosensory Stimuli

The high concentration and the localization of nitric oxide synthase in the olfactory system of both vertebrates and invertebrates suggest that the diffusible messenger nitric oxide plays a central role in the processing of chemosensory information. This paper describes the nitric oxide releasing system in the antenna and the antennal lobes of Apis mellifera using the NADPH diaphorase technique, and analyses the contribution of the nitric oxide system in the neuronal processing of chemosensory signals using a behavioural assay in vivo. In the antenna the strongest NADPH diaphorase staining is found in non‐neuronal auxiliary and/or epithelial cells, while the sensory cells and the antennal nerve are stained at a low level. At the major site of chemosensory signal integration, the antennal lobes, the highest nitric oxide synthase activity is located in the glomeruli, which are ideally suited to act as diffusion compartments. We demonstrate that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase in the antennal lobes specifically interferes with neuronal processing of repetitive chemosensory stimuli but does not affect the response to single stimuli, and is independent of parameters such as satiation level, stimulus strength, interstimulus interval and duration of sensory stimuli. Since inhibition of the soluble guanylate cyclase, a major target of nitric oxide, also particularly affects the adaptive component, the physiological effects of nitric oxide appear to be mediated by the action of cGMP. These findings suggest that the nitric oxide/cGMP system in the antennal lobes is a component of the molecular machinery involved in adaptive and/or integrative mechanisms during chemosensory information processing in vivo.
Metal allergy in Singapore

This is a clinical epidemiologic study to determine the frequency of metal allergy among patch‐tested patients in the years 2001–2003. The results are compared with those of previous studies. All patients diagnosed as having allergic contact dermatitis in the National Skin Centre, Singapore, from January 2001 to December 2003 were studied retrospectively. The frequency of positive patch tests to the following metals were nickel 19.9%, chromate 5.6%, cobalt 8.2% and gold 8.3%. The frequency of nickel allergy has been steadily rising over the last 20 years. The most common sources of nickel allergy are costume jewellery, belt buckles, wristwatches and spectacle frames. After declining from 1984 to 1990, chromate and cobalt allergies have also been steadily increasing subsequently. The most common sources of chromate allergy were cement, leather and metal objects. Most positive patch tests to cobalt are regarded as co‐sensitization due to primary nickel or chromate allergies. There has been a steep increase in positive patch tests to gold from 2001 to 2003, which is difficult to explain because the relevance and sources of such positive patch tests can rarely be determined with certainty. There has been an overall rise in the frequency of metal allergy in the last 20 years.
Testicular shape and andrological aspects of young Nellore bulls under extensive farming

Aiming to determine the relationship between the frequency of testicular shape and the andrological aspects in young Nellore bulls, 18,676 animals were assessed. All andrological examinations were performed between the years 2000 and 2008. Animals were classified as able for breeding, able for breeding in natural mating system, unable for breeding and discarded. The testicular shape was classified as long, fairly long, oval-long, spherical-oval, and spherical. The analysis of Pearson correlations was performed for testicular shape with scrotal circumference, testicular volume, progressive motility, sperm vigor, major defects, minor defects and total defects. Testicles with oval shape prevailed (99.61%). It was obseved that 76.34; 66.34; 64.34; 58.33 and 50.00% of the animals were classified as sound for breeding for shapes long, fairly long, oval-long, spherical-oval, and spherical, respectively. Correlations between testicular shape with scrotal circumference, testicular volume, progressive motility, sperm vigor, major, minor and total defects were 0.26; 0.08; 0.00; 0.11; -0.02; 0.02 and -0.01, respectively. Testicular shape had no influence upon the andrological examination results. Testicles of long shape were prevalent within the population.
Wnt-3A Enhances Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-mediated Chondrogenesis of Murine C3H10T1/2 Mesenchymal Cells*

We have recently reported the chondrogenic effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in high density cultures of the mouse multipotent mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cell line and have shown the functional requirement of the cell-cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin in BMP-2-induced chondrogenesisin vitro (Denker, A. E., Nicoll, S. B., and Tuan, R. S. (1995) Differentiation 59, 25–34; Haas, A. R. , and Tuan, R. S. (1999) Differentiation 64, 77–89). Furthermore, BMP-2 treatment also results in an increased protein level of β-catenin, a known N-cadherin-associated Wnt signal transducer (Fischer, L., Haas, A., and Tuan, R. S. (2001)Signal Transduction 2, 66–78), suggesting functional cross-talk between the BMP-2 and Wnt signaling pathways. We have observed previously that BMP-2 treatment up-regulates expression of Wnt-3A in high density cultures of C3H10T1/2 cells. To assess the contribution of Wnt-3A to BMP-2-mediated chondrogenesis, we have generated C3H10T1/2 cell lines overexpressing Wnt-3A and various forms of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), an immediate cytosolic component of the Wnt signaling pathway, and examined their response to BMP-2. We show that overexpression of either Wnt-3A or kinase-dead GSK-3β enhances BMP-2-mediated chondrogenesis. Furthermore, Wnt-3A overexpression results in decreases in both N-cadherin and GSK-3β protein levels, whereas Wnt-3A as well as kinase-dead GSK-3β overexpression increase total and nuclear levels of both β-catenin and LEF-1. Direct cross-talk between Wnts and BMP-2 was also indicated by the up-regulated interaction between β-catenin and SMAD-4 in response to BMP-2. These results suggest that Wnt-3A acts in a manner opposite to that of other Wnts, such as Wnt-7A, which were previously identified as inhibitory to chondrogenesis, and is the first BMP-2-regulated, chondrogenesis-enhancing member of the Wnt family.
Non-O157:H7 Stx2-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Associated with Sporadic Cases of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome in Adults

ABSTRACT From August 1996 to May 1997, six verotoxin-producingEscherichia coli (VTEC) strains were isolated from stool specimens of adults suffering from hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). All the isolates were stx 2 positive and belonged to different serotypes: O6:H4, O91:H10, O91:H21, O rough:H16, OX3:H−, and O nontypeable:H−. The enterohemolysin (Ehly)-encoding genes were detected in two isolates, and none of the isolates harbors the intimin (Eae)-encoding gene. These findings suggest thatstx 2-positive non-O157:H7 VTEC is a major cause of HUS in adults and that several sources of pathogens are responsible for local endemic infections.
Comparison of Iodixanol 270 with Iohexol 300 in Infrapopliteal Arteriography

Purpose: To compare iodixanol 270 mg I/ml with iohexol 300 mg I/ml in infrapopliteal arteriography by measuring digital densitometric vessel opacification and by visually assessing angiographic enhancement. Material and Methods: In a double-blind, dual-balanced, 4-sequence crossover design, 50 claudicant patients received two contrast media injections (10 min interval) in the superficial femoral artery. Digital angiography was performed at 8 frames/s and time-density curves with a circular region of interest over a distal calf artery were generated. A mixed, linear model was used to identify effects influencing the density measurements. Subjective evaluation of the image quality was made independently by two observers. Results: No statistically significant difference between the contrast media was revealed in the analysis of the densitometric measurements (p = 0.14) nor in the subjective visual evaluation (p = 0.74). However, the mean density at the time of maximum opacification was higher after the first injection than that after the second injection (p = 0.02). There was a tendency towards lower intensity of warmth during injection of iodixanol 270 than during injection of iohexol 300. Conclusion: In patients with severe occlusive atherosclerotic disease, iodixanol yielded the same image quality as iohexol in infrapopliteal arteriography, in spite of the 30 mg I/ml lower iodine concentration.
A scalable 8.7nJ/bit 75.6Mb/s parallel concatenated convolutional (turbo-) CODEC

A 6 to 75.6Mb/s turbo CODEC with block size from 32 to 432, code rate from 1/3 to 3/4, 5.35/spl mu/s/block decoding latency and up to 8.25dB coding gain is described. This IC is fabricated in a 0.18/spl mu/m process and has a core area of 7.16mm/sup 2/. Energy-optimized architecture reduces the energy per bit to 8.7nJ and is almost constant over the throughput range.
Meta-Analysis of 5% Imiquimod and 0.5% Podophyllotoxin in the Treatment of Condylomata Acuminata

Background: Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomaviruses. Podophyllotoxin 0.5%, approved for patient self-administration, has been used most extensively in the treatment of genital warts. Imiquimod, a novel immune response modifier capable of inducing interferon-α and a variety of cytokines, has been examined as a potential treatment for genital warts. But 0.5% podophyllotoxin and 5% imiquimod have not been compared in any extensive and formal studies, although they are the common topical agents for genital warts. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical 5% imiquimod and 0.5% podophyllotoxin in the treatment of genital warts. Methods: We searched Medline (1966 to June 2005), Embase (1974 to June 2005) and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (issue 3, 2005). Randomized controlled trials of 5% imiquimod or 0.5% podophyllotoxin in the treatment of genital warts were collected. Two reviewers extracted the data and independently assessed the quality of the included medical literature. Then, meta-analysis was conducted. Results: Twelve studies including 3 placebo-controlled trials of imiquimod and 9 placebo-controlled trials of podophyllotoxin were included. The clinical cure rates of imiquimod and podophyllotoxin were 50.34 and 56.41%, respectively, without statistically significant differences between the two (p > 0.05). A combined analysis of the 3 studies on imiquimod showed a statistically significant difference to the placebo group [pooled odds ratio (OR) 11.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.05–22.44], as did a combined analysis of the 9 studies on podophyllotoxin (pooled OR 16.70, 95% CI 7.06–39.48). The most common adverse events of imiquimod were erythema, erosion, excoriation, itching and burning; those of podophyllotoxin were burning, pain, erosion, itching and inflammation. Conclusion: Imiquimod and podophyllotoxin possess similar curative effects on condylomata acuminata but podophyllotoxin has more serious adverse effects.
Proteasomes, TAP, and Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Aminopeptidase Associated with Antigen Processing Control CD4+ Th Cell Responses by Regulating Indirect Presentation of MHC Class II-Restricted Cytoplasmic Antigens

Cytoplasmic Ags derived from viruses, cytosolic bacteria, tumors, and allografts are presented to T cells by MHC class I or class II molecules. In the case of class II-restricted Ags, professional APCs acquire them during uptake of dead class II-negative cells and present them via a process called indirect presentation. It is generally assumed that the cytosolic Ag-processing machinery, which supplies peptides for presentation by class I molecules, plays very little role in indirect presentation of class II-restricted cytoplasmic Ags. Remarkably, upon testing this assumption, we found that proteasomes, TAP, and endoplasmic reticulum-associated aminopeptidase associated with Ag processing, but not tapasin, partially destroyed or removed cytoplasmic class II-restricted Ags, such that their inhibition or deficiency led to dramatically increased Th cell responses to allograft (HY) and microbial (Listeria monocytogenes) Ags, both of which are indirectly presented. This effect was neither due to enhanced endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation nor competition for Ag between class I and class II molecules. From these findings, a novel model emerged in which the cytosolic Ag-processing machinery regulates the quantity of cytoplasmic peptides available for presentation by class II molecules and, hence, modulates Th cell responses.