Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Degrees of Freedom Region for the MIMO X Channel

We provide achievability as well as converse results for the degrees of freedom region of a MIMO $X$ channel, i.e., a system with two transmitters, two receivers, each equipped with multiple antennas, where independent messages need to be conveyed over fixed channels from each transmitter to each receiver. With M=1 antennas at each node, we find that the total (sum rate) degrees of freedom are bounded above and below as $1 \leq\eta_X^\star \leq {4/3}$. If $M>1$ and channel matrices are non-degenerate then the precise degrees of freedom $\eta_X^\star = {4/3}M$. Simple zero forcing without dirty paper encoding or successive decoding, suffices to achieve the ${4/3}M$ degrees of freedom. With equal number of antennas at all nodes, we explore the increase in degrees of freedom when some of the messages are made available to a transmitter or receiver in the manner of cognitive radio. With a cognitive transmitter we show that the number of degrees of freedom $\eta = {3/2}M$ (for $M>1$) on the MIMO $X$ channel. The same degrees of freedom are obtained on the MIMO $X$ channel with a cognitive receiver as well. In contrast to the $X$ channel result, we show that for the MIMO \emph{interference} channel, the degrees of freedom are not increased even if both the transmitter and the receiver of one user know the other user's message. However, the interference channel can achieve the full $2M$ degrees of freedom if \emph{each} user has either a cognitive transmitter or a cognitive receiver. Lastly, if the channels vary with time/frequency then the $X$ channel with single antennas $(M=1)$ at all nodes has exactly 4/3 degrees of freedom with no shared messages and exactly 3/2 degrees of freedom with a cognitive transmitter or a cognitive receiver.
A STOCHASTIC SIMULATION ALGORITHM FOR ANALYSIS OF FLUORESCENCE RECOVERY AFTER PHOTOBLEACHING KINETICS

INTRODUCTION: Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a confocal microscopybased technique widely used for in vivo quantification of intracellular molecular movements and interactions. FRAP is very useful for elucidating several fundamental but complicated cellular activities, such as cell membrane diffusion and protein binding. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate whether it is possible to develop stochastic simulation strategies for interpretation of FRAP kinetics. METHODS: A simulation algorithm based on a stochastic simulation of the time evolution of coupled reaction-diffusion biochemical systems was developed for investigating and interpreting FRAP experiments in terms of diffusion and binding. The proposed algorithm was compared with standard deterministic methods that are currently being used for analysis of FRAP curves. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Predictions of recovery times of FRAP curves and sum of residuals revealed a good agreement (Table I), at the level of both timescale and intensity, between the proposed model and the standard deterministic methods. The stochastic simulation algorithm presents a firmer physical basis that its deterministic counterparts and might be used to successfully model probabilistic events in the cell, deciphering information in FRAP experiments that cannot be computed using deterministic models.
Quantification and characterization of Pimenta dioica (Allspice) essential oil extracted via hydrodistillation, solvent and super critical fluid extraction methodologies

Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr (family: Myrtaceae) commonly known as Allspice, is a distinguished plant recognised for its berries. For the current study, the essential oil yield and chemical composition of Jamaican Allspice berry was investigated. The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation (HD), solvent extraction using hexane and super critical fluid extraction (SFE) with 1% ethanol as co-solvent. Oil yield percentages amounted to 1.4, 6.4 and 6.8%w/w for the HD, SFE and SE oils respectively. Analysis of the oils by GC and GC-MS resulted in the identification of forty three (43) compounds representing 90.26% HD oil; 75.40% hexane oil and 82.99% SFE oil respectively. Main components identified were eugenol (61.36%), β-caryophyllene (4.58%), α-humulene (1.90%) and 1,8-cineole (1.89%); minor components included δ-cadinene (1.08%), Germacrene D(0.86%) and β-elemene (0.69%). All compounds identified were common among each extracted oil type. Fundamentally, for commercialization purposes, a SFE extracted oil is preferred as it is a modernized technique which shortens extraction time, reduces organic solvent consumption, prevents pollution and eliminates organic solvent residues whist producing high essential oil yields.
SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING TWINNING RATE IN A HERD OF HOLSTEIN CATTLE IN IRAQ BY Firas Rashad Al-Samarai

Statistical analysis was concluded for 17789 lactations belonged to Holstein cows, at Nasr Dairy Cattle Station over period 1990 to 2003. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of some environmental factors on twinning rate and to estimate heritability. General Linear Model (GLM) within the SAS program was used to study the effect of conception season, conception year, parity and age at first calving on twinning. MIVQUE method was used to estimate component of variance for heritability of the studied trait. The overall means for twinning was 2.54%. The results obtained revealed that the trait was affected significantlly (P < 0.01 ) by season and year of conception and parity, whereas, the effect of age at first calving was not. Heritability estimated for twinning was low (0.02), which reflects the important role of environmental factors on the trait variation. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impact of Government Interventions on Small Scale Entreprises in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

This study examined the impact of government interventions on Small Scale enterprise in Mubi North local government Area. The study has become imperative because of an increasing inability of Small Scale enterprises to live up to expected target as the engine for economic growth and development, despite government encouragement in this direction. This study focused its empirical verification on three key areas which are very fundamental to the study, viz: perception of SSEs operators about government interventions the relevance of these interventions to them, and the accessibility of these interventions. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaire. Percentage and Chi - square techniques were used to describe and analysed the results obtained from the field. However, the available data indicates that government intervention schemes/programmes aimed at elevating the SSEs to the expected targets in the area, lacks the awareness of the SSEs operators. Again, the available data shows that accessibility to the intervention by SSEs operators is not easy. As a result SSEs operators do not feel the relevance of these interventions. Finally, based on the findings of the study the following recommendations are made: government should embark on the sensitization/awareness creation and also reduce the conditions to be met before accessing the interventions.
Simple Programs on Binary Trees Testing and Decidable Equivalence

We consider a class of simple (iteration/recursion-free) programs operating on unlabeled binary trees. We introduce a cumulative hierarchy of subclasses of programs, which cover the whole class, such that a nite adequate test set exists for each subclass. By taking the minimum subclass, in which a pair of programs live, we can decide just by testing if they are extensionally equivalent.
Programa de pesquisa neonatal de hipotiroidismo congénito de la provincia de Buenos Aires: 1.377.455 niños evaluados en diez años de experiencia

Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism in the province of Buenos Aires. Ten years experience in 1.377. 455 evaluated children Introduction. Neonatal screening program for congenital hypothyroidism in the province of Buenos Aires began in 1995. Its aim was the early detection and treatment of infants with this disease. The objective of this paper was to analyse its performance during the 2000-2004 year period and compare it to the previous 1995-1999 year period. Population: Every newborn in the province of Buenos Aires to whom the screening test for congenital hypothyroidism was performed in the reference centre, since April 1995 to December 2004. Results: 1.377. 455 newborns were evaluated with coverage of 56.8% in the province of Buenos Aires. 568 newborns with congenital hypothyroidism were confirmed. The incidence of the disease was 1:2,425 and the screening positive predictive value was 88.1%. During the second period, the total coverage and the coverage of newborns from hospitals dependent of province's ministry (98%) were similar to those from the previous period. Median age of sample collection and at start of treatment were 6 and 19 days for private hospitals, 3 and 16 days for municipal hospitals, and 2 and 17 days for hospitals dependent of province' ministry, respectively. Conclusions: Screening program for congenital hypothyroidism has successfully contributed to prevent mental retardation of this etiology in the province of Buenos Aires, making possible the early detection of the disease. Nevertheless, private and municipal coverage should be extended and the age at start of treatment should decrease to less than 15 days in every child with congenital hypothyroidism. (Key words: Neonatal screening, congenital hypothyroidism, mental retardation). Arch Argent Pediatr 2007; 105 (5): 390-397/390
FAAS DETERMINATION OF CADMIUM AND LEAD CONTENT IN FOODSTUFFS FROM NORTH-EASTERN ROMANIAN MARKET

Toxic metals may enter foods from various sources: soil, chemicals used for agricultural land, water used in food processing or cooking, equipment, containers and utensils used for food processing etc. The presence of cadmium and lead in the environment and foodstuffs represents an important problem in most of the countries. Exposure to toxic metals through consumption of contaminated food products is associated with various health risks and has aroused widespread concern in human health. Toxic metals are connected to cardiovascular disease, impaired fertility, nervous and immune system disorders, increased spontaneous abortions etc. Concerns about lead exposure as an important public health problem increased, as witnessed by the adverse health effects at lower levels. Moreover, this problem is complicated by the fact that these two metals show no biological function in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of cadmium and lead in various foodstuffs from northeastern Romanian market.
A global historical ozone data set and prominent features of stratospheric variability prior to 1979.

Abstract. We present a vertically resolved zonal mean monthly mean global ozone data set spanning the period 1901 to 2007, called HISTOZ.1. 0. It is based on a new approach that combines information from an ensemble of chemistry climate model (CCM) simulations with historical total column ozone information. The CCM simulations incorporate important external drivers of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics (in particular solar and volcanic effects, greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances, sea surface temperatures, and the quasi-biennial oscillation). The historical total column ozone observations include ground-based measurements from the 1920s onward and satellite observations from 1970 to 1976. An off-line data assimilation approach is used to combine model simulations, observations, and information on the observation error. The period starting in 1979 was used for validation with existing ozone data sets and therefore only ground-based measurements were assimilated. Results demonstrate considerable skill from the CCM simulations alone. Assimilating observations provides additional skill for total column ozone. With respect to the vertical ozone distribution, assimilating observations increases on average the correlation with a reference data set, but does not decrease the mean squared error. Analyses of HISTOZ.1. 0 with respect to the effects of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and of the 11 yr solar cycle on stratospheric ozone from 1934 to 1979 qualitatively confirm previous studies that focussed on the post-1979 period. The ENSO signature exhibits a much clearer imprint of a change in strength of the Brewer–Dobson circulation compared to the post-1979 period. The imprint of the 11 yr solar cycle is slightly weaker in the earlier period. Furthermore, the total column ozone increase from the 1950s to around 1970 at northern mid-latitudes is briefly discussed. Indications for contributions of a tropospheric ozone increase, greenhouse gases, and changes in atmospheric circulation are found. Finally, the paper points at several possible future improvements of HISTOZ.1. 0.
INVERSE SOURCE PROBLEM FROM THE KNOWLEDGE OF RADIATED FIELD OVER MULTIPLE RECTILINEAR DOMAINS

This paper deals with an inverse source problem starting from the knowledge of the radiated fleld in Fresnel and near zone. In particular, here we are concerned with a 2D geometry characterized by a rectilinear magnetic source and measurement rectilinear domains in Fresnel and near zone. The efiect of the added knowledge of the radiated fleld over a second observation domain is investigated via the Singular Values Decomposition of the radiation operator and we point out how the addition of a second observation domain allows us always to achieve a better noise rejection. Also, we determine conditions under which the knowledge of the fleld over the second domain increases the information content (as the number of singular values of the radiation operator before their asymptotic decay) for both the Fresnel and near zone cases. Finally reconstruction examples with noise-free and noisy data are presented.
HIV-associated B-cell lymphoma of a patient with multiresistant tuberculosis (clinical case)

Матеріали та методи. Описано клінічний випадок власних спостережень розвитку мультирезистентного туберкульозу (МРТБ) легень у пацієнта з ВІЛ-асоційованою В-клітинною лімфомою. Хворий перебував на стаціонарному лікуванні у відділенні легеневого туберкульозу No 3 клінічної бази кафедри фтизіатрії і пульмонології ЗДМУ в КЗ «Запорізький обласний протитуберкульозний клінічний диспансер», стаціонарному лікуванні в Софіївській спеціалізованій туберкульозній лікарні No 55 філії «Центру охорони здоров’я України» в Запорізькій області.
STUDIES ON THE IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION ABILITY OF ARONIA MELANOCARPA ( MICHX . )

Since the expression of a high ability for in vitro regeneration and proliferation is a very importan condition for any biotechnological approach for clonal propagation, t he influence of genotype and culture medium composi tion on the number of shoots regenerated and their length in su ccessive subcultures was investigated in Aronia mel anocarpa (Michx.) Elliot cultivars ‘Melrom’ and ‘Nero’. Choke berry cultivar ‘Nero’ showed a significantly higher ability of regeneration compared to the cultivar ‘Melrom’, the greatest number of shoots being obtained with the basal medium containing MS macroelements, LF microelements and LF vitamins, supplemented with 4,5 mg×dm -3 BA and 0,6 mg×dm IBA.
Simulation of the Direct Radiative Effect of Mineral Dust Aerosol on the Climate at the Last Glacial Maximum

The climatic responses to the direct radiative effect of dust aerosol at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are examined using a general circulation model with online simulation of dust. The predicted global dust emission at the LGM is 2.3 times as large as the present-day value, which is the combined effect of the expansion of dust sources and the favorable meteorological parameters (MPs; e.g., the strong surface wind and the low air humidity) under the LGM climate. Simulated global dust emission is 1966 Tg yr with present-day dust sources and MPs, 2820 Tg yr with LGM dust sources and current MPs, 2599 Tg yr with present-day dust sources and LGM MPs, and 4579 Tg yr with LGM sources and MPs. The simulated percentage increases of dust concentrations are the largest at high latitudes in both hemispheres, which are consistent with the deposition data from geological records. The LGM dust is estimated to exert global annual-mean shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiative forcing (RF) of 24.69 and 11.70 W m at the surface, respectively, and 20.58 and 10.68 W m at the top of the atmosphere, respectively. On a globaland annual-mean basis, surface air temperature (SAT) is predicted to be reduced by 0.18 K and precipitation is reduced by 0.06 mm day, as a result of the net (SW and LW) radiative effect of dust at the LGM. Two sensitivity studies are performed to identify the uncertainties in simulated climatic effect of LGM dust that arise from the assumed LW and/or SW absorption by dust: 1) in the absence of dust LW radiative effect, the LGM globaland annual-mean SAT is predicted to be further reduced by 0.19 K; and 2) when the single scattering albedo of the Saharan dust at 0.55 mm is increased from 0.89 to 0.98 in the LGM climate simulation, the LGM dustinduced annualand global-mean surface cooling increases from 0.18 to 0.63 K even with both SW and LW radiative effects of dust. In these two sensitivity studies, the LGM dust is predicted to induce an average cooling of 0.42 and 0.72 K in SAT, respectively, over the tropical oceans.
HRTF modeling in due consideration variable torso reflections

Head related transfer functions (HRTFs) describe the physical path from an acoustical source to the ears. It can be gained within the relation of two measurements. The first will give the reference sound pressure in the virtual middle of the head the second has to be done in both ears. In literature exhaustive investigations concerning the idealized location of the second position can be found. Beyond that measurements with various artificial heads and human‐beings considering various source directions (azimuth and elevation) with different angular resolutions have been undertaken. The obtained HRTFs exhibit, with subject to the examined source position, frequency dependent magnitude and phase. These complex transfer functions are caused by various reflections, diffractions, pressure superelevation, and shadowing, respectively. Reflections are caused form pinna, head and torso, too. Heretofore during determination of the transfer functions the influence of various head‐torso arrangements have not be consi.
Enhancing the decision making of skilled karate athletes with a “no-feedback” perceptual training program

Background In combat sport, anticipation is an indispensable quality in order to avoid being hit. The aim of this study is knowledge about the efficacy of a “no-feedback” video-based perceptual training program for enhancing the decision-making of skilled male karate fighters. Material & Methods: This study examined the effectiveness of a “no-feedback” video-based perceptual training program to enhance decision-making of skilled karate fighters (n = 6) compared to control group (n = 6) and placebo group (n = 6). Participants in the intervention group completed six training sessions where they reacted to temporally occluded video footage of typical combat situations during which they had to mime, as rapidly and accurately as possible, the action which they would have carried out in the observed situation. Decision time and decision accuracy were assessed preand post-intervention and during acquisition. Number of action rules was recorded pre and post the implementation of the program. Results: Participants who received “no-feedback” video-based perceptual training significantly enhanced their decision accuracy and decision time during the period of the program and from preto post-test compared with both control and placebo group. Moreover, the absence of an increase in the number of verbalized action rules after the video training suggests that this approach may have promoted implicit learning. Conclusions: “No-feedback” video-based perceptual training program is an effective approach to enhance decision-making of skilled karate fighters without the accrual of explicit knowledge.
Heterogeneity in the Relationship between Unemployment and Subjective Well-Being: A Quantile Approach

type="main" xml:id="ecca12150-abs-0001"> Unemployment has been robustly shown to strongly decrease subjective wellbeing. Using panel quantile regression techniques, we analyse to what extent the negative impact of unemployment varies along the (conditional) subjective wellbeing distribution. In our analysis of British Household Panel Survey data (1996–2008), we find that individuals with high life satisfaction suffer less from becoming unemployed. A similar but stronger effect is found for a broad mental wellbeing variable (GHQ-12). Higher wellbeing seems to act like a safety net when becoming unemployed. We explore these findings by examining the heterogeneous unemployment effects over the conditional quantiles of various life domain satisfactions.
Infection of the muscle tissue of the filter-feeding cichlid

This study describes aspects of infections caused by the myxosporidian Kudoa orbicularis in filter-feeding cichlids, Chaetobranchopsis orbicularis, caught in the Arari River in the municipality of Cachoeira do Arari, on Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil. The parasite forms pseudocysts scattered throughout the striated epaxial and hypaxial muscles. Samples embedded in paraffin were analyzed histologically using hematoxylin-eosin, Gömöri, Ziehl-Neelsen, and Giemsa staining. Necropsy of the C. orbicularis specimens revealed that 100% (50/50) were infected with K. orbicularis. The specimens presented grossly abnormal muscle texture, resulting in extensive inconsistencies and weakness. Progressive softening of the muscles was observed during necropsy, indicating the rapid enzymatic autolysis of the tissue. The parasite found in the muscle tissue of C. orbicularis was identified as K. orbicularis, with clinical signs of disease being observed in the fish. The necropsy revealed extensive damage to the host organism, with well-established fibrocystic infections in the muscle fibers, associated with post mortem myoliquefaction.
Gender Gaps in Benefits Coverage

This paper explores the extent to which there are gender gaps in the provision of 4 common non-wage benefits offered by employers: pensions, health insurance, sick leaves, and disability plans. I find that there are gender differences in whether or not benefits are offered, which remain statistically significant when observable characteristics such as age, education, marital status and number of children are controlled for. Women are less likely to be offered pensions, health coverage, and disability. However, they are 10% more likely to have paid sick leave. When the wage is controlled for, differences in offered pensions and health insurance disappear, which suggests that much of the difference in benefits coverage is associated with the fact that women work in low-wage jobs.