Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of initial status on functional gain for Japanese patients with first cerebral hemorrhage.

It is important to identify in advance patients who will achieve the greatest functional gains from rehabilitation therapy, as specialist rehabilitation resources are still scarce in Japan. The purpose of this study was to determine whether functional score at admission influences the functional change (functional score at discharge minus functional score at admission) after inpatient rehabilitation for first cerebral hemorrhage. One hundred and ninety-three patients with cerebral hemorrhage were enrolled in this study. They were assessed using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at admission and discharge and underwent inpatient rehabilitation treatment. Patients were stratified into 3 groups according to their FIM total scores on admission as follows: (1) < or = 36 (severely affected patient group); (2) 37-72 (moderately affected patient group); and (3) >73 (mildly affected patient group). Scheffe's multiple comparison test showed that patients in group 1 were significantly older (mean +/- SD = 63 +/- 10 years) than those in groups 2 (56 +/- 10 years) or 3 (53 +/- 12 years). Patients in group 2 showed significantly greater FIM gain (37 +/- 17) compared with patients in groups 3 (23 +/- 12) or 1 (27 +/- 23). The results suggest that moderately affected patients at admission will show significantly higher functional gain compared with severely or mildly affected patients. Mildly affected patients at admission had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay for rehabilitation than the other groups. There was no significant difference in onset to admission interval between the 3 groups. The functional levels of affected patients on admission, as stratified by the FIM scale, roughly predict the degree of functional gain following rehabilitation in patients with first cerebral hemorrhage. Moderately affected patients will benefit from intensive rehabilitation. This study may be useful in determining how best to prioritize rehabilitation therapy.
Explanations for adaptations, just‐so stories, and limitations on evidence in evolutionary biology

Explanations of the historical origin of specific individual traits are a key part of the research program in paleontology and evolutionary biology. Why did bipedalism evolve in the human lineage? Why did some dinosaurs and related species have head crests? Why did viviparity evolve in some reptiles? Why did the common ancestor of primates evolve stereoscopic vision, grasping hands and feet, nails instead of claws, and large brains? These are difficult questions. To varying degrees, an explanation must grapple with (1) judgments about changes in fitness that might follow from a change in morphology – without actually observing behavior or measuring reproductive success, (2) the relationship between genes and traits, (3) limitations on doing relevant experiments, (4) the interpretation of causes that are almost certainly contingent, multifactorial, interactive, hierarchical, nonlinear, emergent, and probabilistic rather than deterministic, (5) limited information about variation and ontogeny, (6) a dataset based on the random fortunes of the historical record, including only partial hard‐tissue morphology and no soft‐tissue morphology, (7) an equally partial and problematic (for example, time‐averaged) record of the environment, (8) the compression of all data into a geological time scale that is likely to miss biologically important events or fluctuations, (9) dependence on a process that can only be inferred (“form and even behavior may leave fossil traces, but forces like natural selection do not”, 1:130) and finally, (10) the assumption of the “adaptationist programme”2 that the trait in question is in fact an adaptation rather than a consequence of genetic drift, correlated evolution, pleiotropy, exaptation, or other mechanisms.
Quality Nursing Care and Opportunities for Improvement: Insights From Patients and Family Members

A study was undertaken to delineate patients' and families' experiences and perceptions associated with their nurse-patient therapeutic relationships and nursing care. Data were analyzed using a directed content analysis approach. Two key themes emerged: patients and family members described primarily receiving excellent nursing care and to a lesser extent substandard care. Study findings have implications for nurse leaders to enhance nurses' therapeutic relationships with patients and family members and patient-centered care within their organizations.
Impact of a bronchiolitis guideline: a multisite demonstration project.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a multisite implementation of an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for bronchiolitis. DESIGN Before and after study. SETTING Eleven Child Health Accountability Initiative (CHAI) study hospitals. PATIENTS Children < 12 months of age with a first-time episode of bronchiolitis. INTERVENTION The guideline was implemented in December 1998. Complete preimplementation and postimplementation administrative data on hospital admissions, resource utilization, and length of stay were available from seven study hospitals. At five sites, chart reviews were conducted for data on the number and type of bronchodilators used. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Complete administrative data were available for 846 historical control subjects and 792 study patients. Length of stay decreased significantly. While the proportion of eligible patients who received any bronchodilator did not change (84%), the proportion of patients who received albuterol decreased from 80 to 75% after guideline implementation (p < 0.03). For patients who received bronchodilators, the mean (+/- SD) number of doses decreased from 13.6 +/- 14.0 to 7.3 +/- 9.1 doses (p < 0.0001). For patients who received albuterol, the mean number of doses decreased from 12.8 +/- 11.8 to 6.4 +/- 7.8 doses (p < 0.0001). Other resource use decreased modestly. Hospital readmission rates within 7 days of discharge were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS We successfully extended the implementation of an evidence-based clinical practice guideline from one hospital to seven hospitals. Within just a single bronchiolitis season, some significant changes in practice were seen. The multisite CHAI collaborative appears to be a promising laboratory for large-scale quality improvement initiatives.
The effect of p-chloroaniline on leucocytes of sheep peripheral blood under the migration-inhibition test conditions.

Toxic and immunotoxic effects of p-chloroaniline--a metabolite of herbicide monolinuron--were investigated in peripheral blood leucocytic suspensions of five sheep using a migration-inhibition test. The toxic effect of p-chloroaniline was recorded at concentrations 1.0 to 0.1 mg.ml-1 and the immunotoxic one at concentrations 0.01-0.001 mg.l-1. The toxic effect was demonstrated by total inhibition of leucocyte migration. The immunotoxic effect, determined as mitogenic activation of leucocytes by phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide, was detected at 10 to 100-fold lower concentrations of p-chloroaniline than those which resulted in toxic effects.
On the Computational Cost of Approximating and Recognizing Noise-Perturbed Straight Lines and Quadratic Arcs in the Plane

Approximation of noisy data in the plane by straight line or elliptic or single-branch hyperbolic curve segments arises in pattern recognition, data compaction, and other problems. A number of questions concerning the efficient search for and approximation of data by such curves are examined. Recursive least-squares linear curve fitting is applied to the original or to transformed data in the plane to provide computationally simple algorithms for sequentially searching out appropriate data points and fitting straight line segments or quadratic arcs to the data found. The error minimized by the algorithms is interpreted. Central processing unit (CPU) times for estimating parameters for fitting straight lines and quadratic curves are determined and compared. CPU time for data search is also determined for the case of straight line fitting. Quadratic curve fitting is shown to require about six times as much CPU time as does straight line fitting. Curves relating CPU time and fitting error are determined for straight line fitting. A number of the preceding results are extended by using maximum likelihood curve estimation, and the modification of the classical least-squares curve fit resulting from the use of an a priori probability density function for the unknown curve parameters is determined.
Motivations and Consequences of Alcohol Use Among Heavy Drinking Nonstudent Emerging Adults

Research suggests that nonstudent emerging adults may be at elevated risk of alcohol-related problems in adulthood. The present study utilized a qualitative approach to broaden our understanding of the drinking-related perceptions and experiences of heavy drinking nonstudents, with the ultimate goal of generating meaningful knowledge that could aid intervention planning. Research aims were to identify nonstudent (a) drinking motivations and (b) drinking consequences. Eleven focus groups were conducted (n = 64 participants). Data analytic techniques were used to code transcripts and generate themes emerging from the group data. Three main themes emerged regarding nonstudent reasons for drinking (i.e., emotional, social, enhanced experiences). Four prominent themes were identified for drinking consequences (i.e., physical health, psychological health, risk-taking, life functioning). Our findings underscore several considerations related to intervening with this at-risk and understudied population.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of the English Literature

BACKGROUND Although most cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is curable by a variety of treatment modalities, a small subset of tumors recur, metastasize, and result in death. Although risk factors for metastasis have been described, there are little data available on appropriate workup and staging of patients with high-risk SCC. OBJECTIVE We reviewed reported cases and case series of SCC in which sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was performed to determine whether further research is warranted in developing SLNB as a staging tool for patients with high-risk SCC. METHODS The English medical literature was reviewed for reports of SLNB in patients with cutaneous SCC. Data from anogenital and nonanogenital cases were collected and analyzed separately. The percentage of cases with a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) was calculated. False negative and nondetection rates were tabulated. Rates of local recurrence, nodal and distant metastasis, and disease-specific death were reported. RESULTS A total of 607 patients with anogenital SCC and 85 patients with nonanogenital SCC were included in the analysis. A SLN could not be identified in 3% of anogenital and 4% of nonanogenital cases. SLNB was positive in 24% of anogenital and 21% of nonanogenital patients. False-negative rates as determined by completion lymphadenectomy were 4% (8/213) and 5% (1/20), respectively. Most false-negative results were reported in studies from 2000 or earlier in which the combination of radioisotope and blue dye was not used in the SLN localization process. Complications were reported rarely and were limited to hematoma, seroma, cutaneous lymphatic fistula, wound infection, and dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS Owing to the lack of controlled studies, it is premature to draw conclusions regarding the utility of SLNB in SCC. The available data, however, suggest that SLNB accurately diagnoses subclinical lymph node metastasis with few false-negative results and low morbidity. Controlled studies are needed to demonstrate whether early detection of subclinical nodal metastasis will lead to improved disease-free or overall survival for patients with high-risk SCC.
Actor Engagement in Networks: Defining the Conceptual Domain

Considerable managerial and academic interest has made engagement a key priority in marketing and service research, spurring a rapidly increasing body of literature on this topic. Academic research initially explored customer engagement (CE) and customer engagement behavior within the firm-customer dyad. Recent developments suggest a need to broaden the conceptual domain of CE not only from the focal subject of customers/consumers to a general actor-to-actor perspective but also from the firm-customer dyad to relationships among multiple actors in service ecosystems. Hence, the purpose of this article is to bring a broadened definition to the conceptual domain of actor engagement (AE) in networks. Our theorizing process adopted a propositional conceptual approach that built on CE research and was guided by the general theoretical perspective of service-dominant logic. The critical contribution of the article lies in its systematic development of the conceptual domain of AE and the potential this development has for guiding knowledge development and cross-fertilization in various research fields, including customer, work, citizen, and business engagement. We provide a definition of AE and five fundamental propositions that embody a broader network perspective of engagement and conclude by discussing an agenda for future research that illustrates its managerial relevance.
Influence of starvation, surface attachment and biofilm growth on the biocide susceptibility of the biodeteriogenic yeast Aureobasidium pullulans

Aims: To investigate the effect of starvation, surface attachment and growth in a biofilm on the susceptibility of Aureobasidium pullulans to the biocides 2‐n‐octyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one (OIT) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).
The Microbial Aetiology of Periodontal Diseases

The study of the aetiology of periodontal diseases has continued for decades with much progress shown in the last two decades. Having moved through periods of “whole” plaque (with emphasis on mass) being attributed to the disease process, to “specific” species being implicated, we have finally returned to examining the oral microbiota as an ecological niche involving not only a selected few species but looking at plaque as a whole where all the players are invited to participate with their roles no longer individually defined but viewed as a team effort with recognition of their individual strengths and contributions. Recent findings using advanced technology, are confirming findings viewed by electron microscopy nearly half a century ago, but we now have the knowledge and expertise to interpret those findings with deeper understanding. This chapter will attempt to examine the microbial succession within the plaque biofilm from health to disease, bearing in mind the susceptibility of the host, the microbial heterogeneity and the expression of virulence by the putative pathogens.
Testing a Universal Tool for Measuring Parasocial Interactions Across Different Situations and Media

Although research on parasocial interactions (PSI) has over 50 years of tradition, it provides a heterogeneous status of measurements and findings. The challenge for present and future PSI research is to provide measurement standards that are generated, confirmed, and validated across several studies. The present contribution tries to take a first step in this direction by exploring PSI with (1) nonmediated fictional characters (theater), (2) mediated fictional characters (soaps), and (3) mediated nonfictional characters (quiz shows). All three studies are based on the same theory (Two-Level Model of PSI) and on parts of the same corresponding measurement tool (PSI-Process Scales). All in all, the PSI-Process Scales show high usability in all three contexts, with the option to select PSI dimensions and items with respect to the study’s focus. Even in a theater play, the PSI-Process Scales could be applied without any problems and without any changes in the item wordings. The results of the three studies o.
[Case management for patients with congestive heart failure under ambulatory care--a critical review].

BACKGROUND Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is becoming the most serious cardiac health problem after coronary heart disease (CHD). But at present, service offered to CHF patients are flawed because of the fragmentation and discontinuity of care. Case management (CM) takes responsibility for following up patients, for assessing symptoms and taking action when patients do not adhere to guideline based treatment or fail to improve. This review analyses the evidence of primary care based CM for patients with CHF. METHODS Searches in Medline using relevant MeSH terms and hand-searching were applied to identify relevant studies. We selected RCTs and pre-post studies focussing on patient-centred CM in ambulatory settings. A five-level score (simple to complex) was generated to describe interventions and compare results. RESULTS 23 of 462 identified studies (16 RCT, 7 others) that fulfilled our selection and quality criteria were included. We classified 15 studies as "complex" CM, i.e. they contained more than three elements of intervention, were strongly integrated with the process of care, involved a specialised nurse, and offered individual patient education. All studies examined the length of hospital stay: costs were investigated in 17, quality of life in 10 and mortality in 7 studies. Studies examining a "complex" CM demonstrated positive effects on mortality and quality of life in the 3-6 months of follow up. Studies with a follow up period of 12 to 18 months showed a reduction of hospital days. CONCLUSION Especially "complex" models of CM for patients with CHF can be effective in a primary care setting. CM can prevent the fragmentation and discontinuity of care by strengthening a close contact between patient and health care provider.
La Alofonía de /s/ en Valdivia ( Chile )

Se describe latendencia hacia una distribucion fonologica y sociolinguistica de la alofonia de /s/ en el espanol de Valdivia ( Chile ), basada en una submuestra de dos estratos sociales ( medio y alto ) que representan a ambos sexos y tres grupos etarios. La tendencia hacia el debilitamiento de /s/ se evidencia a traves de la preferencia de uso de o/ por la generacion joven. Tanto ( s ) como ( H ) se manifiestan como de mayor prestigio que o/, el que, ademas, se muestra como marcador de masculinidad, junto con ( ts ) y (s ). Se observa, tambien, un proceso de reforzamiento en cierne, por africacion de /s/, que apoya la mantencion de las formas sibilantes.
Clinical Outcomes of Pulsed Radiofrequency Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Occipital Neuralgia

Objective Occipital neuralgia is characterized by paroxysmal jabbing pain in the dermatomes of the greater or lesser occipital nerves caused by irritation of these nerves. Although several therapies have been reported, they have only temporary therapeutic effects. We report the results of pulsed radiofrequency treatment of the occipital nerve, which was used to treat occipital neuralgia. Methods Patients were diagnosed with occipital neuralgia according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders classification criteria. We performed pulsed radiofrequency neuromodulation when patients presented with clinical findings suggestive occipital neuralgia with positive diagnostic block of the occipital nerves with local anesthetics. Patients were analyzed according to age, duration of symptoms, surgical results, complications and recurrence. Pain was measured every month after the procedure using the visual analog and total pain indexes. Results From 2010, ten patients were included in the study. The mean age was 52 years (34-70 years). The mean follow-up period was 7.5 months (6-10 months). Mean Visual Analog Scale and mean total pain index scores declined by 6.1 units and 192.1 units, respectively, during the follow-up period. No complications were reported. Conclusion Pulsed radiofrequency neuromodulation of the occipital nerve is an effective treatment for occipital neuralgia. Further controlled prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the exact effects and long-term outcomes of this treatment method.
Does Intellectual Capital Explain the Financial Performance of Malaysia MFIs?

The performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) is crucial for ensuringthe efficient utilisation of funds deposited into the microfinance programmeby donors, as well as for assisting regulators in monitoring the institutions.Assessing the performance of MFIs involves examining its developmenttowards accomplishing its goals. Therefore, MFIs need to ascertain thechallenges to maintain their sustainability and sustain their operations.Additionally, MFIs should focus on aspects such as intellectual capital(IC) to ensure future sustainability. The aim of this research is to examinehow IC dimensions, specifically, customers, structure, human, and socialcapital, influence MFIs performance. A cross-sectional survey design wasused to gather data from 145 managers (48% response rate) from MFIs inMalaysia. In order to determine the sample size of the study, a purposivesampling method was employed. The research model was analysed byusing Partial least square-structural equation (PLS-SEM). Subsequently,the research model was validated using Smart PLS 3.2. 5 and the proposedstudy hypothesis. The findings confirm that structural capital and customercapital positively influence the performance of MFIs, except for social andhuman capital. The research model explains 67.6% of the substantial amountof variance in MFIs performance. This research theoretically contributesto the extension of resource-based view (RBV) and social capital theory inDoes Intellectual Capital Explain the FinancialPerformance of Malaysia MFIs? Maryam Jameelah Hashim1, Syed Musa Alhabshi1, Nor Irvoni Mohd Ishar21Islamic Banking and Finance, International Islamic University Malaysia2Faculty of Business & Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam,Selangor, MalaysiaE-mail: jamieniz@yahoo.com, syedmusa@iium.edu. my, irvoni@salam.uitm. edu.myReceived: 5 June 2018Accepted: 18 September 20182Social and Management Research Journalpredicting the sustainability of MFIs. All the factors of IC were confirmed toimprove the performance of MFIs. This study proposed several remarkablerecommendations for microfinance institutions which suggested that MFIs’managers should resolve their organisational issues promptly. Furthermore,they should portray sensible consideration for their institutions by takingcare of IC and encouraging the practice of recognising intangible assets,especially their employees’ expertise and capabilities.
Do Companies Engage in Auditor Shopping to Conceal Misreporting? Evidence from Financial Misstatements

We show that companies that misstate their financial statements successfully engage in auditor shopping to conceal the misreporting. In other words, their misstatements would have been discovered sooner had they made an opposite ‘replace or retain’ auditor decision. The auditor shopping practice is more prevalent when the level of audit market competition is high. Additional analysis shows that engaging in auditor shopping bears detrimental labor market consequences to the CFO, as CFO turnover after a restatement is higher for companies involved in auditor shopping during the misstatement. Finally, strong financial expertise on the audit committee and greater board independence appear to curb auditor shopping. Overall, our study broadens the literature on opinion shopping by demonstrating that the motivation for an opportunistic auditor shopping extends beyond the desire to obtain a favorable audit opinion. Our findings should be of interest to regulators that continue to express concerns over this practice.