Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of China's State-Controlled Firms. the Case of the Consumer Electronics Sector**

The aim of the paper is to investigate the development of China’s state-controlled firms in the consumer electronics sector, where we focus on the evolution of firm business strategy and ownership structure, two aspects of a firm’s internal organization crucial for competitive advantage. The Chinese consumer electronics sector is used for the study, partly on the basis of its significance in national economy, but also because its growth experience is typical of many industries in the Chinese economy as a whole. This paper uses case studies to identify the specific characteristics of China’s firms that operate in a transitional society undergoing social and economic transformation. It is argued in this paper that there exist different ways of development of China’s state-controlled firms with different competitive position.
Alemtuzumab ( Campath ® 1H )

Anna D. Schaal, RN, BSN, MS, ARNP, is a hematology nurse practitioner at DartmouthHitchcock Medical Center in Lebanon, NH. She received honoraria to serve as a lecturer for Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and on an advisory committee for Berlex Laboratories, the companies that manufacture and distribute Campath® 1-H, respectively. (Mention of specifi c products and opinions related to those products do not indicate or imply endorsement by the Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing or the Oncology Nursing Society.)
Modern chronostratigraphic data demonstrate that currently popular sequence models for fluvial systems don't work

Summary Currently popular fluvial sequence models models (Wright and Marriott, 1993; Shanley and McCabe, 1994) are based on concepts of fluvial architecture derived from modern floodplains, and contain the assumption that rates of channel migration and avulsion are on time scales that are of the same order of magnitude as geological rates. However, studies of modern rivers and the simulation studies on which the sequence models are based assume rates of processes and accommodation rates that we now know are up to three orders of magnitude more rapid than is typically represented in the preserved ancient record. This assertion is based on a new synthesis of subsidence and sedimentation rates across the full spectrum of time ranges, from the modern record to deep geological time, and is illustrated in this paper by reference to the Castlegate Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous, Book Cliffs, Utah) and other ancient fluvial units. The take-away from this study is the need for caution in using quantitative data from the Recent and post-glacial record as a basis for interpreting the ancient record.
Pride, conflict and complexity: Applying dynamical systems theory to understand local conflict in South Sudan 1

South Sudan has experienced deadly conflict for much of the last five decades. While most attention has focused on South Sudan’s civil war with the now Republic of Sudan to the north, in reality, interrelated conflicts persist in multiple layers of society. Paradoxically, the termination of the war of nationhood activated ‘local conflicts’, which have led to the killing of thousands of people since peace was brokered with the north in 2005. This paper presents an assessment of a ‘typical local conflict’ between two Dinka clans, based on field research in Jonglei State, using a systemic approach to conflict assessment adapted from dynamical systems theory. This approach not only captures the multiple sources and complex temporal dynamics of the conflict, but can also help identify patterns that are central to the conflict that are unrecognisable by other means (Coleman et al. 2007, 2011). The analysis reveals that typical explanations for local violence in post-civil war contexts such as
Ameliorative Potential of Minocycline and/or Lactulose on Experimentally Induced Colitis

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare between the effect of minocycline or lactulose alone and in combination on experimentally-induced colitis in rats. Materials and methods: Seventy albino rats were divided into 7 equal groups: Control untreated group, trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) group, TNBS + lactulose group, lactulose group, TNBS + minocycline group, minocycline group and TNBS + lactulose+ minocycline group. A part of the colon was homogenized for determination of tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione and myeloperoxidase. The other part of the colon was examined histopathologically. Also, disease activity index was measured. Results: Administration of each of lactulose or minocycline alone and in combination to TNBStreated rats induced significant increase in tissue reduced glutathione with significant decrease in disease activity index, tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase and alleviated the histopathological changes compared to the group that received TNBS alone. Minocycline/lactulose combination produced significant improvement in the biochemical and histopathological parameters compared to the groups that received either minocycline or lactulose alone. Conclusion: Lactulose and minocycline had protective effects on TNBS-induced colitis in rats but minocycline/lactulose combination had the upper hand.
The effect of crime severity on perceptions of fair punishment: A California case study.

victed criminal was not to be released until staff within the prison system concluded that he or she had responded to therapeutic treatment and was no longer a danger to society.2 California law provided for indeterminate sentencing from 1917 to 1977 that was later superseded by a "Determinate Sentencing Law" (DSL) based on a retributive rather than a rehabilitative model of criminal justice. There were several reasons for this change.3
Review of Theoretical and Empirical Literatures on the Role of Foreign Aid to Developing Countries

This study provides reviews relating to the impact of foreign aid to economic growth. Several literatures suggested that, foreign aid has a directly positive impact of the economic growth. However, some studies empirically proved that, good economic environment is main prerequisites to ensure the positive impact of foreign aid to the economic growth. Furthermore, several studies have shown that, foreign aid has negative impact of the economic growth. Most of studies in previous literature has been analyzed the relationship between foreign aid and economic growth in East Asian economies and not in African countries. From this gap, new empirical studies in to examine the channels in which foreign aid affect economic growth is needed especially in African economies, which receive largest foreign aid for long time. Key w ords: Foreign aid and Economic growth.
Theoretical study of an LAE-C IV absorption pair at z = 5.7

We present a theoretical model to predict the properties of an observed $z =$ 5.72 Lyman $\alpha$ emitter galaxy - CIV absorption pair separated by 1384 comoving kpc/h. We use the separation of the pair and an outflow velocity/time travelling argument to demonstrate that the observed galaxy cannot be the source of metals for the CIV absorber. We find a plausible explanation for the metal enrichment in the context of our simulations: a dwarf galaxy with $M_{\star} =$ 1.87 $\times$ 10$^{9} M_{\odot}$ located 119 comoving kpc/h away with a wind velocity of $\sim$ 100 km/s launched at $z \sim$ 7. Such a dwarf ($M_{\text{UV}} =$ - 20.5) is fainter than the detection limit of the observed example. In a general analysis of galaxy - CIV absorbers, we find galaxies with -20.5 $< M_{\text{UV}} <$ - 18.8 are responsible for the observed metal signatures. In addition, we find no correlation between the mass of the closest galaxy to the absorber and the distance between them, but a weak anti-correlation between the strength of the absorption and the separation of galaxy - absorber pairs.
Approximate Equilibrium Asset Prices

This paper reconsiders the determination of asset returns in a model with Kreps-Porteus generalized isoelastic preferences where returns appear governed on the basis of Euler equations, by a combination of the two most common measures of risk -- covariance with the market return and covariance with consumption. To go beyond Euler equations and to take into account the links that the consumers' optimal behavior establishes, through a budge connstraint, between market returns and consumption, we derive an approximate consumption function (obtained, as in Campbell (1994), by log-linear approximation). Arguing that total consumer wealth is unobservable, we use this consumption function to reconstruct from observed consumption data i) the wealth that supports the agents' consumption optimal income, and ii) the rate of retun on the consumers' wealth portfolio. This procedure enables us to derive formulas that (approximately) price, in the tradition of Lucas (1978), all assets as a function of their payoffs and of consumption. The generalized consumption CAPM that we obtain is derived for both homoskedastic and heteroskedastic consumption processes. We also use our approximate pricing kernel to highlight the crucial role of temporal risk aversion in the determination of the equilibrium term structure of real interest rates.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Green Leafy Vegetables Grown in Bangalore Urban District of Karnataka

Randomly collected waste water, soil and green leafy vegetable samples were from five stations of Bangalore urban district were analysed for the heavy metals namely Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and Mn using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Present study explains the extent of heavy metal contamination in two leafy vegetables viz., palak ( Beta vulgaris ) and coriander ( Coriandrum sativum ). Results showed that, palak leaves contain Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Mn in all the sampling points. Cr at S 1 , S 2 and S 5 stations crossed safe value limit recommended by FAO/WHO. In coriander leaves Cu, Zn and Mn found in all stations. Pb concentration was exceedingly high in palak (28.43ppm to 149.50ppm) and coriander (54.69ppm to 75.50ppm) in all sampling stations. Cd was detected only at two stations in S 2 (0.81ppm) and S 4 (1.50ppm). Cr was detected at S 1 , S 2 and S 3 stations and at S 2 station, Cr content in palak (70.79ppm) and coriander (127.27ppm) was alarmingly exceeding the allowable limit. Cytological studies indicated the formation of anaphase bridge, irregular metaphase, chromosome stickiness, precocious chromosome at anaphase and vagrant chromosomes. Soil samples do not revealed any appreciable increase in the concentration of heavy metals and found within the permissible limits but values were higher than control that shows contamination was mainly due to automobile exhaust, pesticides and industrial exhaust. Pb was detected in all the waste water samples and in S 1 (<0.05PPM) and S 2 (<0.05ppm) traces of Cd was detected. Physico-chemical parameters of waste water were also determined and factors such as pH, EC, TDS and DO found to exceed the drinking and irrigation water standards. Key Words: Heavy metals, leafy vegetables, palak, coriander, waste water, soil, chromosome.
Comparative metabolic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana via GC-MS and LC-MS

Neben Proteomics und Genomics ist Metabolomics heute eine der wichtigsten bioanalytischen Techniken und hat zum Ziel, das Metabolom – die Gesamtheit aller Stoffwechselprodukte eines lebenden Systems zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt – aufzuklaren. Obschon eine junge Technik und in standiger Entwicklung, versprechen die ersten Daten eine positive Zukunft fur metabolische Untersuchungen. Anwendungsgebiete im Bereich Metabolomics sind z.B. Pflanzen- und Kulturpflanzenforschung, sowie medizinische und pharmazeutische Fragestellungen. Ebenso werden metabolische Studien in der Frage um erneuerbare Energien eine entscheidende Rolle spielen (Stichwort: “Biotreibstoffe dritter Generation”) In diesem Projekt wurde das Kaltstress-Metabolom von Arabidopsis thaliana untersucht. Der sogenannte Primarmetabolismus enthalt alle kleineren Metaboliten, die fur die Aufrechterhaltung der Lebensfunktionen einer Pflanze unabdingbar sind (wie z.B. Zucker, Aminosauren, organische Sauren, etc.) und wird einer standardisierten GC-MS – Analyse unterworfen. Die groseren Molekule des Sekundarmetabolismus, welcher okologisch interessante Verbindungen enthalt (Flavonoide, Anthocyane, Fette, etc.) werden mit einer LCMS – Vorrichtung vermessen, im Zuge einer Etablierung einer Detektionsmethode fur Metaboliten an einem LC–Orbitrap – System und der Entwicklung einer internen Datenbank fur sekundare Pflanzenstoffe. The GC-MS – Messungen enthullten eine Reihe von metabolischen Veranderungen wahrend eines zweiwochigen Kaltstresses an A. thaliana, wobei mehrere Verbindungen hochreguliert wurden, wahrend andere verringert vorlagen, oder in den Sekundarmetabolismus einwanderten. Die LC-MS – Messungen wurden fur eine Umkehrphasenchromatographie optimiert, wobei versucht wurde, so viele Metabolit-Daten wie moglich zu erhalten bei gleichzeitig hoher Qualitat von Massengenauigkeit und Anzahl von Fragmentionen-Scans. Die Arbeit bildet den Grundstein fur die folgende Korrelation von GC-MS und LC-MS – Daten, wodurch eine weitere Aufklarung von metabolischen Relationen moglich werden soll, sowie der Formulierung von Strukturvorschlagen und Aufklarung von Reaktionswegen.
DETECTION OF WHITE DWARF COMPANIONS TO BLUE STRAGGLERS IN THE OPEN CLUSTER NGC 188: DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR RECENT MASS TRANSFER

Several possible formation pathways for blue straggler stars have been developed recently, but no one pathway has yet been observationally confirmed for a specific blue straggler. Here we report the first findings from a Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys/Solar Blind Channel far-UV photometric program to search for white dwarf companions to blue straggler stars. We find three hot and young white dwarf companions to blue straggler stars in the 7 Gyr open cluster NGC 188, indicating that mass transfer in these systems ended less than 300 Myr ago. These companions are direct and secure observational evidence that these blue straggler stars were formed through mass transfer in binary stars. Their existence in a well-studied cluster environment allows for observational constraints of both the current binary system and the progenitor binary system, mapping the entire mass transfer history.
Optimized Multi-focus Image Fusion Using Genetic Algorithm

Optical imaging systems or cameras have a convex lens with limited depth of field. So, multi-focus images are obtained when such systems are used to capture an image of a particular scene. These images are fused to get all-in-focus image. This paper proposes a new simpler method of multi-focus image fusion. Instead of decomposing input image into blocks in pyramid style, the proposed algorithm considers the complete image for edge detection. The proposed algorithm uses the genetic algorithm (GA) to find out the optimum weights from extracted edges and then fuses the images with the fusion rule based on optimized weights. Experimental results show that this superimposition method performs well; consumes less computation time and thus proves to be suitable for hardware implementation.
THE QUALITY OF INSTITUTIONS AND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Using banking sector and stock market development indicators, we explore the importance of a wide range of institutional quality variables as sources of financial development. The empirical results based on the dynamic panel system GMM estimations demonstrate that a high-quality institutional environment has positive effect on financial development. However, some institutional aspects matter more than others do. Particularly, the rule of law, political stability and government effectiveness play a vital role in influencing banking sector development. The findings also suggest that regulatory quality does contribute to financial development but only when a threshold level of regulatory quality development has been attained, a condition which is more prevalent among low-income countries, than among the entire set of countries. In terms of policy implication, the findings suggest that improving institutional infrastructure and identifying the beneficial aspects of particular institutions, would encourage the development of financial markets.
On the Strategic Non-Complementarity of Complements

This paper examines the equilibrium provision of a public good if the private monetary contributions of identical agents are (im)pure complements. To reconcile complementarity in contributions with the apparent substitutability of monetary payments, we assume a setup with multiple inputs into a complementary production function. This paper proves the uniqueness and symmetry of the equilibrium for any impure complementarity if each agent is permitted to contribute to any input; in the equilibrium, contributions are strategic substitutes. Only pure complementarity exhibits multiple equilibria, where contributions are either strategic substitutes or strategic complements.
Amino acid levels in muscle tissue of eight meat cattle breeds.

Vopálenský J., Suchý P., Straková E. , Šimek F. , Macháček M. , Herzig I. (2017): Amino acid levels in muscle tissue of eight meat cattle breeds. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 62, 339–346. Ten clinically healthy bulls equal in weight were chosen from eight meat cattle breeds maintained in the same geographical conditions using the extensive grazing method. After slaughtering, muscle tissue samples were taken from the musculus longissimus and pars thoracis, and dry matter, nitrogenous substances, fat, and the levels of essential (EAAs) and non-essential (NEAAs) amino acids were determined. Significant differences were found between the monitored genotypes in the contents of dry matter, nitrogenous substances, fat, EAAs, and NEAAs (P ≤ 0.05). The highest concentrations of nitrogenous substances in muscle tissue were detected in the Limousine breed and the lowest in the Aberdeen Angus breed; the highest fat content was found in Aberdeen Angus and the lowest in Galloway. Out of the total sum of EAAs, the highest percentage in the dry matter of muscle tissue in all genotypes was found for Lys (8.8–10.4%), the lowest percentage was found for Met (2.4–2.9%). The value of Thr was approximately 4.6, Val 5.1, Ile 4.8, Leu 8.2, Phe 4.1, His 4.2, and Arg 8.0%. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the monitored breeds were found in all EAAs, except for Val and Leu. Regarding NEAAs, out of the total protein, the highest percentage was found for Glu (13.9–15.1%). Conversely, the lowest values were detected for Ser (3.8–4.1%) and Tyr (3.8–4.4%). The values of other NEAAs were approximately 9.3 for Asp, 4.0 for Ser, 5.3 for Pro, 5.5 for Gly, and 6.1% for Ala. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found between the monitored genotypes in all NEAAs except for Pro and Ala. In the dry matter of muscle tissue, out of the total protein, the sum of EAAs ranged from 50.6 (Meat Simmental) to 52.0% (Limousine), and NEAAs ranged from 48.0 (Limousine) to 49.4% (Meat Simmental). Apart from its effect on the biological value of meat, representation of individual amino acids is important to enhance its taste or smell.
Impact of Air Pollution on Proline and Soluble Sugar Content of Selected Plant Species

This study examined the effect of ambient air population of two biochemical factors of plants; Proline and soluble sugar. Two sets of similar ecological statues of but different exposure to vehicular activities were used. The initiative, known as Experiment Site (ES) and the other, Control Site (CS). Twenty plant species were chosen from these sites. Proline and soluble sugar were determined according to standard methods. The result of this study showed an increase proline content on the experimental site suggestive of its protective mechanism under stress condition. There was a significant difference between the concentration of proline at the experimental and control sites. The percentage change (increase) from control site to experimental sites ranged between 24.90 % in Citrus sinesis to 57.22 % in Carica papaya. Soluble sugar on the other had reduced at experimental site when compared with those of a control site. There was however no significant difference in the concentration of soluble sugar from experimental and control sites. The percentage change (reduction) ranged between 24.49 % in Tipu tipuana and 47.87 % in Psidium guajava and Anacadium occidentale . This reduction in the concentration of soluble sugar in experimental site, suggest photosynthetic inhibition. Keywords: Soluble Sugar, Proline, Air Pollution, Biochemical, Nigeria
Seasonal variability and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Paris megacity (France)

Abstract. Within the framework of air quality studies at the megacity scale, highly time-resolved volatile organic compound (C2–C8) measurements were performed in downtown Paris (urban background sites) from January to November 2010. This unique dataset included non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and aromatic/oxygenated species (OVOCs) measured by a GC-FID (gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector) and a PTR-MS (proton transfer reaction – mass spectrometer), respectively. This study presents the seasonal variability of atmospheric VOCs being monitored in the French megacity and their various associated emission sources. Clear seasonal and diurnal patterns differed from one VOC to another as the result of their different origins and the influence of environmental parameters (solar radiation, temperature). Source apportionment (SA) was comprehensively conducted using a multivariate mathematical receptor modeling. The United States Environmental Protection Agency's positive matrix factorization tool (US EPA, PMF) was used to apportion and quantify ambient VOC concentrations into six different sources. The modeled source profiles were identified from near-field observations (measurements from three distinct emission sources: inside a highway tunnel, at a fireplace and from a domestic gas flue, hence with a specific focus on road traffic, wood-burning activities and natural gas emissions) and hydrocarbon profiles reported in the literature. The reconstructed VOC sources were cross validated using independent tracers such as inorganic gases (NO, NO2, CO), black carbon (BC) and meteorological data (temperature). The largest contributors to the predicted VOC concentrations were traffic-related activities (including motor vehicle exhaust, 15 % of the total mass on the annual average, and evaporative sources, 10 %), with the remaining emissions from natural gas and background (23 %), solvent use (20 %), wood-burning (18 %) and a biogenic source (15 %). An important finding of this work is the significant contribution from wood-burning, especially in winter, where it could represent up to ∼ 50 % of the total mass of VOCs. Biogenic emissions also surprisingly contributed up to ∼ 30 % in summer (due to the dominating weight of OVOCs in this source). Finally, the mixed natural gas and background source exhibited a high contribution in spring (35 %, when continental air influences were observed) and in autumn (23 %, for home heating consumption).