Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efﬁcient Runahead Execution: A Cost and Complexity-Effective Alternative to Large Instruction Windows to Tolerate Long Memory Latencies

Today’s processors are facing ever-longer main memory latencies in terms of processor cycles. These latencies will continue to increase as the rate of improvement in processor speed continues to exceed the rate of improvement in DRAM memory speed. For almost a decade, high-performance processors have relied on out-of-order execution to tolerate long latencies. Out-of-order execution tolerates latency by buffering instructions in an instruction window and finding independent instructions to execute in that window. Unfortunately, we have already reached the point where the size of an instruction window that can tolerate latencies to DRAM is prohibitively large in terms of design complexity and power consumption. And, the problem keeps getting worse. In this proposal, we describe our solution to the memory latency problem, runahead execution, which achieves the latency tolerance of a large instruction window without having to build it. We show that adding runahead execution to a processor with a 128-entry instruction window and an aggressive streaming hardware data prefetcher improves the IPC (Instructions Per Cycle) performance by 22% on average for 80 benchmarks. We also show that runahead execution on a 128-entry instruction window performs within 1% of a processor with no runahead execution and a 384-entry instruction window. Runahead execution achieves this performance improvement at a very small hardware cost without significantly increasing the processor complexity and utilizing otherwise idle processor cycles. Our research objective is to further increase the efficiency and effectiveness of runahead execution. To this end, we propose to examine novel combined hardware/software techniques that increase the energy-efficiency and performance of runahead execution processors.
An Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method for Swimming Sperms

This work presents an immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method for free-swimming sperms in an incompressible visco u fluid. This method involves sperm model, fluid solver and fluid – structure interaction (FSI). The sperm is simplified as a non li ear beam. To drive the swimming motion, an internal moment is introduced into the beam equation. The fluid dynamics is ob tained by solving the lattice Boltzmann equation. The FSI is handled by the immersed boundary method. Two numerical examples, one single sperm swimming in quiescent viscous fluid and two sperms in tandem arrangement, are presented to illus trate the efficiency of the present method. Introduction During their journey up the oviducts, only the few strongest sperms (out of hundreds of millions) will ever reach their de stination. The winners have to swim in the right direction ove r distances that are around 1,000 times their own length in an extremely viscous fluid. During this journey, the sperms are exposed to different currents, and thus may utilise the hydr odynamic interaction benefit from other sperms around them or the oviduct walls so that they have a better chance to reach th eir destination. The underlying flow physics is complex and stil l has not been fully understood. Therefore, a numerical model for free-swimming sperms is a demanding task. Among a variety of numerical methods (see Ref. [4] for a brief review), the immersed boundary method (IBM), first develope d by Peskin [9], is extremely efficient for sperm swimming. An IBM was developed by Fauci and McDonald [6] to study the fluid dynamics of sperm motility near both rigid and elastic walls. Dillon et al. [5] developed a model to consider the mot ility of sperm flagella and cilia based on a common axonemal structure. More recently, Qin et al. [11] numerically studi ed the motion of a small swimmer in a viscous fluid by using the IBM. In their model, the force of the interaction between the swim mer and the fluid was calculated with a feedback law. With a prescribed traveling wave beating, the swimmer was propelled b y the interaction force according to Newton’s second law. Sim ilar dynamic model has been extensively used for fish propulsion simulation [4, 13, 17, 21]. In the present work, we develop an immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM) for free-swimming sperms in an incompressible viscous fluid. Mathematical formulation and numerical method Sperm dynamics The geometrically nonlinear motion for the sperm is describ ed as
Raltegravir Is a Substrate for SLC22A6: a Putative Mechanism for the Interaction between Raltegravir and Tenofovir

ABSTRACT The identification of transporters of the HIV integrase inhibitor raltegravir could be a factor in an understanding of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship and reported drug interactions of raltegravir. Here we determined whether raltegravir was a substrate for ABCB1 or the influx transporters SLCO1A2, SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3, SLC22A1, SLC22A6, SLC10A1, SLC15A1, and SLC15A2. Raltegravir transport by ABCB1 was studied with CEM, CEMVBL100, and Caco-2 cells. Transport by uptake transporters was assessed by using a Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and primary renal cells. The kinetics of raltegravir transport and competition between raltegravir and tenofovir were also investigated using SLC22A6-expressing oocytes. Raltegravir was confirmed to be an ABCB1 substrate in CEM, CEMVBL100, and Caco-2 cells. Raltegravir was also transported by SLC22A6 and SLC15A1 in oocyte expression systems but not by other transporters studied. The Km and V max for SLC22A6 transport were 150 μM and 36 pmol/oocyte/h, respectively. Tenofovir and raltegravir competed for SLC22A6 transport in a concentration-dependent manner. Raltegravir inhibited 1 μM tenofovir with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 14.0 μM, and tenofovir inhibited 1 μM raltegravir with an IC50 of 27.3 μM. Raltegravir concentrations were not altered by transporter inhibitors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or primary renal cells. Raltegravir is a substrate for SLC22A6 and SLC15A1 in the oocyte expression system. However, transport was limited compared to endogenous controls, and these transporters are unlikely to have a great impact on raltegravir pharmacokinetics.
Influence of Dietary Nanoselenium Supplementation on the Meat Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

Selenium is a dietary essential trace mineral having plethora of biological functions in the living system (NRC, 1994). Se research has attracted tremendous interest because of its important role in antioxidant selenoproteins for protection against oxidative stress initiated by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (NOS). Animals obtain selenium directly by ingestion of the plants or indirectly via intake of selenium containing dietary components of plants or animal origin or by dietary supplementation (Whanger, 2002). Due to uneven uptake by plants and loss during feed processing and storage selenium needs to be supplemented in the poultry and livestock feeds. Food and International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 5 (2017) pp. 340-347 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
LEISURE ACTIVITIES AND TRAVEL HABITS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN THE LIGHT OF A SURVEY

In our article we deal with leisure activities and travel habits of 150 college students from Szolnok. We have analyzed the relationship between the frequencies of watching TV, that is: the time spent watching TV and doing sports. Furthermore, we have also investigated the frequencies of travels, and main motives of choosing travel destinations. We have found that college students have several hours of leisure time daily. Among the recreational activities, the ones that occurred predominantly are watching TV, doing sports, and travelling. It is interesting to note that the relationship between the frequency of watching TV and doing sports has not been significant while the relationship between watching TV occasionally and doing regular physical activity has turned out to be significant. Students who play sports for 1-2 hours a day spend significantly less time in front of the TV compared to their peers who do not do sports. 92% of the students travel at least once a year. The participants of youth tourism are quite price-conscious. In choosing travel destinations favorable prices play an important role.
Comparing text‐based and dependence‐based approaches for determining the origins of bugs

Identifying bug origins – the point where erroneous code was introduced – is crucial for many software engineering activities, from identifying process weaknesses to gathering data to support bug detection tools. Unfortunately, this information is not usually recorded when fixing bugs, and recovering it later is challenging. Recently, the text approach and the dependence approach have been developed to tackle this problem. Respectively, they examine textual and dependence‐related changes that occurred prior to a bug fix. However, only limited evaluation has been carried out, partially because of a lack of available implementations and of datasets linking bugs to origins. To address this, origins of 174 bugs in three projects were manually identified and compared to a simulation of the approaches. Both approaches were partially successful across a variety of bugs – achieving 29–79% precision and 40–70% recall. Results suggested the precise definition of program dependence could affect performance, as could whether the approaches identified a single or multiple origins. Some potential improvements are explored in detail and identify pragmatic strategies for combining techniques along with simple modifications. Even after adopting these improvements, there remain many challenges: large commits, unrelated changes and long periods between origins and fixes all reduce effectiveness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When Mobile Crowd Sensing Meets Traditional Industry

With the evolution of mobile phone sensing and wireless networking technologies, mobile crowd sensing (MCS) has become a promising paradigm for large-scale sensing applications. MCS is a type of multi-participant sensing that has been widely used by many sensing applications because of its inherent capabilities, e.g., high mobility, scalability, and cost effectiveness. This paper reviews the existing works of MCS and clarifies the operability of MCS in sensing applications. With wide use and operability of MCS, MCS’s industrial applications are investigated based on the clarifications of: 1) the evolution of industrial sensing and 2) the benefits MCS can provide to current industrial sensing. As a feasible industrial sensing paradigm, MCS opens up a new field that provides a flexible, scalable, and cost-effective solution for addressing sensing problems in industrial spaces.
Severe acute pancreatitis causes alterations in HLA-DR and CD14 expression on peripheral blood monocytes independently of surgical treatment.

OBJECTIVE To find out if the severity of acute pancreatitis or the surgical treatment of severe acute pancreatitis influences HLA-DR and CD14 expression on peripheral blood monocytes. DESIGN Prospective open study. SETTING University hospital, Austria. SUBJECTS 9 consecutive patients with severe acute pancreatitis in need of operative treatment, 5 patients with mild acute pancreatitis, and 7 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS Samples of 5 ml blood were taken daily into endotoxin free tubes at same time points. Surgical treatment for severe acute pancreatitis consisted of blunt necrosectomy, operative lavage, laparostomy, and open drainage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Correlation between HLA-DR and CD14 expression on peripheral blood monocytes on the one hand and the severity of acute pancreatitis and operative treatment of severe acute pancreatitis, on the other. RESULTS In patients with severe acute pancreatitis expression of HLA-DR and CD14 was significantly downregulated both before and after operation (p < 0.0001; ANOVA), compared with patients with mild acute pancreatitis or healthy controls. However the expression of the two cell surface markers was not affected either by the first operation, or by the reoperations. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that in acute pancreatitis the expression of cell surface markers on peripheral blood monocytes is related to the severity of disease but is not influenced by operative treatment.
PENGARUH FAMILY CONTROL, FIRM RISK, FIRM SIZE DAN FIRM AGE TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA SEKTOR KEUANGAN

This study aimed to examine the effect of family control, firm risk, firm size, and firm age on profitability and firm’s value. Samples were taken from 66 financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the year of 2009-2011. This hypothesis was tested by using multiple linear regression. In this study, profitability measured by ROA (Return on Assets) and the value of the firm measured by Tobin’s Q. family control and firm risk had no affect on profitability and the value of the firm, while firm size had negative affect on profitability and positive affect on the firm’s value. Firm age had no affect on profitability but had negative affect on the firm’s value.
Forecasting market crashes : further international evidence

This paper studies the extent to which market crashes are predictable for a set of six countries, focusing in particular on possible differences between transition economies (The Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland) and mature markets (UK, US and EU). We estimate a set of individual country and pooled specifications to find that market crashes, in the broader sense, are predictable for all countries analysed.We additionally investigate the role that investor heterogeneity, proxied by trading volume, plays in this predictability and find some varying results between countries.For the Central and Eastern European Countries (CE3), an increase in trading volume relative to trend appears to have great predictive power, a result that is supportive of the theory of investor heterogeneity outlined in the relevant background studies. For the more mature markets (G5), on the other hand, market crashes appear more likely to follow a period of increased stock prices and returns, a result fitting a number of traditional theories, in particular the stochastic bubble model.Further analysis, allowing for time-varying coefficients, confirms the volume-crash relationship for the CE3 and provides preliminary evidence that macro news releases may additionally contribute to the predictability of market crashes. Keywords: aggregate market returns, skewness, trading volume, market crash JEL classification numbers: C14, G12, G15
On the Consistency of Non-Stationary Multipath Fading Channels with Respect to the Average Doppler Shift and the Doppler Spread

This paper is concerned with the consistency of non-stationary multipath fading channels. We introduce conditions under which a channel model is consistent w.r. t. the average Doppler shift and the Doppler spread. The conditions are applied to two classes of non-stationary channel models. The first class, which is termed Class A, is characterized by channel models based on an integral relationship between the path phases and the associated time-variant Doppler frequencies. The second class of models, called the Class B models, emerges from standard sum-of-cisoids (SOC) models by replacing the time-independent Doppler frequencies by time-dependent Doppler frequencies. It is shown that the Class A models fulfil the consistency conditions, while the Class B models are inconsistent. The majority of existing non- stationary channel models with time-dependent Doppler frequencies fall in the Class B category, meaning that these models suffer from a lack of physical soundness. The importance of the paper comes from the fact that it provides guidelines for the design of consistent and physically reasonable non-stationary channel models.
Depressant Effects of Salvia divinorum Involve Disruption of Physiological Sleep

Although Salvia divinorum is traditionally known as a ‘mind‐altering’ or psychoactive herb used, among others things, as a tranquilizer, this property has not been validated with regard to its efficacy and safety. The objective of this study is to provide evidence for the sedative effects of S. divinorum and discriminate the nature of the responsible constituents by examining different experimental models. A battery of tests, including the open‐field, hole‐board, exploration cylinder, plus‐maze and sodium pentobarbital‐induced hypnosis potentiation, were used in mice after administration of non‐polar, medium polar and/or polar extracts of the plant (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg). Polysomnographic analysis in rats receiving an active medium polar extract (10 and 100 mg/kg) containing salvinorins was also assessed to study the effects of this plant on sleep architecture. All tested extracts produced significant sedative‐like responses, although those of the medium polar extract were more pronounced in mice. The sedative effect of this latter extract, which contains a mixture of salvinorins, caused fragmented sleep architecture in rats by diminishing rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and increased the quiet awake stage at 10 and 100 mg/kg. Our results provide evidence that S. divinorum exhibits sedative‐like depressant properties that alter physiological sleep architecture. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interference reduction by switching the underlaying transmitter in D2D communications

Enabling the device-to-device (D2D) communication in the cellular network (CN) induces the problem of interference. This paper proposes a scheme of controlling the power of the D2D user equipments (DUEs) by switching D2D transmitter on the basis of receiver-sensitivity. The performance of the proposed scheme has been evaluated in slow fading environment, with the assumptions that the proximity gains, instantaneous gains between base station (BS) and mobile user equipments (UEs) is available at the BS and that the D2D users (DUs) are moving slowly. It has been shown that the cell sum-rate increases significantly compared to conventional CN infrastructure without degrading the performance of the cellular users.
Molar incisor hypomineralisation and dental caries among children in Slovenia.

AIM To assess the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in children in Slovenia and explore the relationship between MIH defects and caries in the primary and permanent dentition, and tooth- and surface-specific associations between MIH defects and caries on first permanent molars (FPM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population was comprised of 558 children aged 6.011. 5 years. The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) on FPM and permanent incisors was assessed through clinical examination by a calibrated examiner using the modified DDE Index of the FDI. Also recorded were atypical fillings, post-eruptive enamel breakdowns, and extractions because of MIH. Dental caries was assessed using the WHO criteria. RESULTS At least one FPM with MIH defects was found in 21.4% of children. Children with MIH had significantly higher (p<0.05) caries experience in their permanent teeth. In primary teeth, higher caries experience was not statistically significant. MIH defects in FPM were associated with higher caries scores at the tooth (p<0.01), and at the surface (p<0.05) level. CONCLUSION MIH is common in Slovenia. Children with MIH are more prone to dental caries development on their permanent teeth. On FPM teeth and surfaces affected with MIH defects, even with only mild demarcated opacities with apparently intact enamel, an increased caries experience is present.
Post-Ipo Performance and the Exit of Venture Capitalists

We test several implications of venture capital investment for the post-IPO performance of firms using data of 312 IPOs on Germany's Neuer Markt. Through tighter corporate control, third party certification and a reduced heterogeneity of opinions companies financed by Venture Capital firms might outperform their counterparties in the aftermarket of an IPO. However, this positive effect of VC backing on aftermarket performance could be reversed when Venture Capitalists seek exit from their investment. The discontinuation of a blockholder's exercised corporate control, signalling of insider knowledge as well as possible downward sloping demand curves provide an analytical framework that explains why the return series of VC backed IPOs might show a significant breakpoint at the time when Venture Capitalists exit from their investments. Our empirical evidence suggests that the expiration of lock-up periods as the earliest possible point of time for an exit represents such as breakpoint as Venture Capital backed IPOs outperform their counterparts before, but underperform around and after the expiration.
A qualitative approach to examining information transfer via social networks among homeless populations

Traditionally, social network analysis has utilized mathematical models and graphical constructs to examine information exchange and diffusion. This paper will suggest the use of a qualitative approach as a complimentary method that allows for the collection of rich data, leading to a better understanding of the context in which information exchange and diffusion occur. The qualitative approach is then discussed as it is used in a recent study, which examined information as social capital and as embedded in social support networks of homeless populations in Seattle and North Carolina. In-depth interviews conducted in homeless shelters are combined with the use of an egocentric social network-mapping device to gather rich data that provide insights into the everyday establishment and network of informational support networks. A clearer picture of the information sources, the strength of information sources, the nature of the information exchange and measures of social capital emerged from the qualitative data. The paper concludes with a discussion of the planned future use of the approach to study the diffusion of information on acquired immune deficiency syndrome among the homeless in an international, multi-phased study of rural and urban Western populations in addition to Africa and the Caribbean.
Information seeking: an overview of web tracking and the criteria for tracking software

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to alert researchers to software for web tracking of information seeking behaviour, and to offer a list of criteria that will make it easier to select software. A selection of research projects based on web tracking as well as the benefits and disadvantages of web tracking are also explored.Design/methodology/approach – An overview of the literature, including clarification of key concepts, a brief overview of studies of web information seeking behaviour based on web tracking, identification of software used, as well as the strengths and short‐comings noted for web tracking is used as a background to the identification of criteria for the selection of web tracking software.Findings – Web tracking can offer very valuable information for the development of websites, portals, digital libraries, etc. It, however, needs to be supplemented by qualitative studies, and researchers need to ensure that the tracking software will collect the data required.Research limitations.