Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness, and Beneficence: A Multicultural Comparison of the Four Pathways to Meaningful Work

Meaningful work is a key element of positive functioning of employees, but what makes work meaningful? Based on research on self-determination theory, basic psychological needs, and prosocial impact, we suggest that there are four psychological satisfactions that substantially influence work meaningfulness across cultures: autonomy (sense of volition), competence (sense of efficacy), relatedness (sense of caring relationships), and beneficence (sense of making a positive contribution). We test the relationships between these satisfactions and perceived meaningful work in Finland (n = 594, employees of several organizations), India (n = 342, collected through Mturk), and the United States (n = 373, collected through Mturk). Regression analyses show that – except for competence in United States – all four satisfactions are significantly and independently associated with meaningful work. Moreover, structural equation modeling shows that they fully mediated the relationship between occupational position and work meaningfulness in India and in the United States. In sum, the results support the importance of these four satisfactions in explaining the psychological underpinnings of meaningful work.
Preprocessing impact on Turkish sentiment analysis

This paper investigates the impact of preprocessing on sentiment classification of Turkish movies and products reviews. Input datasets were subjected to several combinations of preprocessing techniques. Later, the manipulated reviews were fed to a lexicon-based and a supervised machine learning sentiment classifiers. The achieved results emphasize the positive impact of preprocessing phase on the accuracy of both sentiment classifiers as the baseline was outperformed with a considerable margin especially when stemming, emoji recognition and negation detection tasks were applied.
Video Summarisation by Classification with Deep Reinforcement Learning

Most existing video summarisation methods are based on either supervised or unsupervised learning. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning-based weakly supervised method that exploits easy-to-obtain, video-level category labels and encourages summaries to contain category-related information and maintain category recognisability. Specifically, We formulate video summarisation as a sequential decision-making process and train a summarisation network with deep Q-learning (DQSN). A companion classification network is also trained to provide rewards for training the DQSN. With the classification network, we develop a global recognisability reward based on the classification result. Critically, a novel dense ranking-based reward is also proposed in order to cope with the temporally delayed and sparse reward problems for long sequence reinforcement learning. Extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets show that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells: New Targets for Therapeutics for Inflammatory Conditions With High Cardiovascular Risk

Over the past decade, we have witnessed an exponential growth of interest into the role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in cardiovascular disease. While the major thinking revolves around EPC angiogenic repair properties, we have used a hypothesis-driven approach to discover disease-related defects in their characteristics and based on these findings, have identified opportunities for functional enhancement, which offer an exciting avenue for translation into clinical intervention. In this review, we focus on two groups; circulating myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs) and late outgrowth endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs), and will discuss the unique properties and defects of each population, as new insights have been gained into the potential function of each sub-type using current techniques and multiomic technology. We will discuss their role in inflammatory disorders and alterations in mitochondrial function. In addition, we share key insights into the glycocalyx, and propose this network of membrane-bound proteoglycans and glycoproteins, covering the endothelium warrants further investigation in order to clarify its significance in ECFC regulation of vascularization and angiogenesis and ultimately for potential translational therapeutic aspects.
EnTrans: Leveraging Kinetic Energy Harvesting Signal for Transportation Mode Detection

Monitoring the daily transportation modes of an individual provides useful information in many application domains, such as urban design, real-time journey recommendation, and providing location-based services. In existing systems, accelerometer and GPS are the dominantly used signal sources for transportation context monitoring which drain out the limited battery life of the wearable devices very quickly. To resolve the high energy consumption issue, in this paper, we present EnTrans, which enables transportation mode detection by using only the kinetic energy harvester as an energy-efficient signal source. The proposed idea is based on the intuition that the vibrations experienced by the passenger during traveling with different transportation modes are distinctive. Thus, voltage signal generated by the energy harvesting devices should contain sufficient features to distinguish different transportation modes. We evaluate our system using over 28 h of data, which is collected by eight individuals using a practical energy harvesting prototype. The evaluation results demonstrate that EnTrans is able to achieve an overall accuracy over 92% in classifying five different modes while saving more than 34% of the system power compared to conventional accelerometer-based approaches.
The utility of phospholipase A2 receptor autoantibody in membranous nephropathy after kidney transplantation

ABSTRACT Membranous nephropathy (MN) is estimated to cause end-stage renal disease in ∼ 5% of patients, in whom renal transplantation is the therapy of choice. Among patients receiving a transplant for MN, the disease will recur in the graft in 30–50%; among these, graft loss will occur in 50% within 10 years. Several studies have suggested that phospholipase A2 receptor autoantibody (aPLA2R) levels before transplantation might be useful in predicting recurrence, and their titration after transplantation is clinically relevant to assess the risk of recurrence and progression, to guide treatment indications and to monitor treatment response. In this review we describe the evolving role of aPLA2R as a biomarker in primary MN and its current usefulness in predicting recurrence of this autoimmune podocytopathy after renal transplantation.
Comparative Genomics and Phylogenetic Analysis Revealed the Chloroplast Genome Variation and Interspecific Relationships of Corylus (Betulaceae) Species

Corylus L. is an economically and phylogenetically important genus in the family Betulaceae. Taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of Corylus species have long been controversial for lack of effective molecular markers. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of six Corylus species were assembled and characterized using next-generation sequencing. We compared the genome features, repeat sequences, sequence divergence, and constructed the phylogenetic relationships of the six Corylus species. The results indicated that Corylus cp genomes were typical of the standard double-stranded DNA molecule, ranging from 160,445 base pairs (bp) (C. ferox var. thibetca) to 161,621 bp (C. yunnanensis) in length. Each genome contained a pair of inverted repeats (IRs), a large single-copy (LSC) region and a small single-copy (SSC) region. Each of the six cp genomes possessed 113 unique genes arranged in the same order, including 80 protein-coding, 29 tRNA, and 4 rRNA genes. C. yunnanensis contained the highest number of repeat sequences, and the richest SSRs in six cp genomes were A/T mononucleotides. Comparative analyses of six Corylus cp genomes revealed four hotspot regions (trnH-psbA, rpoB-trnC, trnF-ndhJ, and rpl32-trnL) that could be used as potential molecular markers. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete chloroplast genomes and 80 protein-coding genes exhibited nearly identical topologies that strongly supported the monophyly of Corylus and simultaneously revealed the generic relationships among Betulaceae. The availability of these genomes can offer valuable genetic information for further taxonomy, phylogeny, and species delimitation in Corylus or even Betulaceae plants.
Nanoscale Mapping of the Surface Potential: Multifrequency Modulation Open-Loop Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy

In this letter, a new open-loop amplitude modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy is presented for nanoscale mapping of the surface potential. In this method, measurement of the contact potential difference (CPD) is performed with a normal probe under two electrostatic excitations. One excitation oscillates the probe in its second resonance mode with an amplitude of less than 5 nm and the other nonresonant excitation modulates this oscillation at a frequency much lower than the probe's first resonant frequency. With this approach, the probe-sample CPD can be measured directly from the periodic variations of the modulated amplitude and the phase without feedback control. Nanoscale mapping of the surface potential of the graphene-on-silicon sample shows that the proposed method has comparable performance to the conventional amplitude modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy. Further experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately map the surface potentials of various conductor, semiconductor and insulator materials.
Optimistic mirror descent in saddle-point problems: Going the extra (gradient) mile

Owing to their connection with generative adversarial networks (GANs), saddle-point problems have recently attracted considerable interest in machine learning and beyond. By necessity, most theoretical guarantees revolve around convex-concave (or even linear) problems; however, making theoretical inroads towards efficient GAN training depends crucially on moving beyond this classic framework. To make piecemeal progress along these lines, we analyze the behavior of mirror descent (MD) in a class of non-monotone problems whose solutions coincide with those of a naturally associated variational inequality-a property which we call coherence. We first show that ordinary, "vanilla" MD converges under a strict version of this condition, but not otherwise; in particular, it may fail to converge even in bilinear models with a unique solution. We then show that this deficiency is mitigated by optimism: by taking an "extra-gradient" step, optimistic mirror descent (OMD) converges in all coherent problems. Our analysis generalizes and extends the results of Daskalakis et al. [2018] for optimistic gradient descent (OGD) in bilinear problems, and makes concrete headway for provable convergence beyond convex-concave games. We also provide stochastic analogues of these results, and we validate our analysis by numerical experiments in a wide array of GAN models (including Gaussian mixture models, and the CelebA and CIFAR-10 datasets).
Components of ( co ) variance of the days open in Siboney dairy cows

The records of 63,406 calvings of Siboney dairy cows (5/8 Holstein 3/8 Cuban Zebu) were used to estimate the components of covariance of the days open (DO). Five models were used: of repeatability; univariate; bivariate; of random regression with Legendre polynomials and the parity number as predicting variable; and a model of random regression with Legendre polynomials and heterogeneity of the residual variance. The heritability obtained with the univariate model was 0.09 in the first calving and decreased to 0.05 in the fifth. A higher estimate of heritability (0.12) was obtained with the repeatability model. When the model of random regression with heterogeneity of the residual variance was used, the heritability was higher than the values estimated with the previous models. The genetic correlations among the DO in different calvings, estimated with the models of random regression with and without heterogeneity of the residual variance, were close to 1.0. It is concluded that the estimates of heritability increased with the use of the random regression models. The genetic correlations among the DO of different calvings indicated that in the first three, the DO are regulated for the most part by the same genes.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast: The Use of Radiological Appearance to Classify Tumor Subtypes for Better Prediction of Long- Term Outcome

We compared the survival of women diagnosed with invasive lobular carcinoma subtypes prior to and during the mammography screening era to determine the impact of early detection and treatment in an early phase upon survival according to tumor subtypes. Using mammographic tumor features, we classified 428 consecutive invasive lobular carcinoma cases of the breast into four subgroups according to their mammographic tumor features. Life-table-based survival curves and adjusted survival curves with the accelerated failure time method were plotted to demonstrate the 14-year follow-up survival outcome with adjustment for tumor size, node status, histologic malignancy grade, tumor focality and treatment. Survival of invasive lobular carcinoma subtypes was substantially improved as a result of early detection through mammography screening and treatment in an early phase, except for the subtype presenting as architectural distortion on the mammogram, even with the use of modern therapeutic methods. There is a clear need to further develop diagnostic and management strategies to decrease mortality from the diffusely infiltrating special subtype of invasive lobular carcinoma.
Diagnosis of £ our-induced occupational asthma in a cross-sectional study

Thediagnosis ofoccupational asthmaisusuallyperformedinepidemiologyusinga combinationof symptoms andbronchialhyperresponsiveness, while in a clinical setting the‘gold standard’for the diagnosis ofoccupational asthmais the specific bronchial challenge test in the laboratory.The aim of this study was to detect new cases of flour-induced occupational asthma (OA) in a group of workers exposed to grain and/or flour dust, by means of a step-by-step approach, as used in a clinical setting. In an epidemiological study,111millers and 186 bakers were examined by means of questionnaire, pulmonary function tests and skin-prick tests (SPT) to common allergens and to wheat flour dust extracts. From thewhole sample, 82 subjects who showed asthma-like symptoms in the questionnaire and/or low forced expiratory volume in1sec (FEV1) were selected. Selected subjects underwentmethacholine challenge test, and hyperreactive subjectsunderwent specific bronchialchallengewith flourdust inthe laboratory.Sixty-two ofthe selected subjects performed the methacholine challenge test, and 22 (33? 8%) were hyperreactive (PD20 FEV1o1mg of methacholine). Fifteen of 22 hyperreactive subjects underwent specific bronchial challenge test (sBCT) with flour dust; a positive response was elicited in six subjects.These subjects can be diagnosed as having flour-induced occupational asthma. Atopy and skin sensitivity to flour was partially related to the response to flour bronchial challenge.Bronchial hyperreactivity can be observed in a small percentage of subjects with asthma-like symptoms and/or low FEV1, and a positiveresponseto sBCTwasobservedin a subgroup of hyperreactive subjects.Therefore, using these selection criteria, a diagnosis of flour-induced OA, as commonly performed in a clinical setting, can be performed in fewpreviously undiagnosed subjects.This approachcouldberelevant for an earlydiagnosis ofoccupational asthma.r2002 Elsevier Science Ltd doi:10.1053/rmed.2001. 1259, available online athttp://www.idealibrary. comon
Living with asthma in Sweden F the ALMA study

Trosa Health Care Centre, 619 33 Trosa, Sweden Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, University of Uppsala, Sweden Allergy Centre, University of Link . oping, Sweden Sj . obo, Health Care Centre, Sj . obo, Sweden Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University Hospital of Huddinge, Sweden The OLIN Studies, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, Lule( a, Sweden Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University of Ume ( a, Sweden Lung and Allergy Research, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Characterization and Monitoring of the Furggwanghorn Rock Glacier, Turtmann Valley, Switzerland: Results from 2010 to 2012

Climate effects relating to air temperature, radiation, snow cover, and rainfall combine with thaw and infiltration processes to cause changes in the thermal response and associated creep deformations in rock glaciers, which are the geomorphological expression of Alpine permafrost. The annual surface creep of some rock glaciers has accelerated recently by an order of magnitude. A multidisciplinary field study links characterization, monitoring, and modeling for such a rock glacier in the Turtmann valley in Switzerland. The first phase consisted of characterization using seismic refraction and ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), as well as borehole information and monitoring of meteorological, hydrothermal, and geotechnical variables over 2 yr. The ground model confirmed the heterogeneity of the internal structure, with rock glacier topography affecting the thermal distribution in boreholes and seepage flows from tracer tests at between 10 and 40 m h−1. Temperatures were generally warmer than −0.25°C in the permafrost zone, with some variability in terms of thermal degradation of some layers to 0°C and an active layer of about 3 to 5 m depth. Unique internal shear movements were measured by an automatic inclinometer, which indicated downslope creep rates in the shear zone and at the surface of about 2.4 and 3.2 m yr−1 respectively, which could not be directly linked to temperature at the same depth. These rock glaciers have potential for future instability, which could damage infrastructure in the valley below. It is essential to understand why they have accelerated over the past decade through the complex interactions that have controlled the thermo‐hydromechanical response.
Effects of Repetition Learning on Associative Recognition Over Time: Role of the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex

When stimuli are learned by repetition, they are remembered better and retained for a longer time. However, current findings are lacking as to whether the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and cortical regions are involved in the learning effect when subjects retrieve associative memory, and whether their activations differentially change over time due to learning experience. To address these issues, we designed an fMRI experiment in which face-scene pairs were learned once (L1) or six times (L6). Subjects learned the pairs at four retention intervals, 30-min, 1-day, 1-week and 1-month, after which they finished an associative recognition task in the scanner. The results showed that compared to learning once, learning six times led to stronger activation in the hippocampus, but weaker activation in the perirhinal cortex (PRC) as well as anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vLPFC). In addition, the hippocampal activation was positively correlated with that of the parahippocampal place area (PPA) and negatively correlated with that of the vLPFC when the L6 group was compared to the L1 group. The hippocampal activation decreased over time after L1 but remained stable after L6. These results clarified how the hippocampus and cortical regions interacted to support associative memory after different learning experiences.
Metabolic Profiles of Propofol and Fospropofol: Clinical and Forensic Interpretative Aspects

Propofol is an intravenous short-acting anesthetic widely used to induce and maintain general anesthesia and to provide procedural sedation. The potential for propofol dependency and abuse has been recognized, and several cases of accidental overdose and suicide have emerged, mostly among the health professionals. Different studies have demonstrated an unpredictable interindividual variability of propofol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with forensic and clinical adverse relevant outcomes (e.g., pronounced respiratory and cardiac depression), namely, due to polymorphisms in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and cytochrome P450 isoforms and drugs administered concurrently. In this work the pharmacokinetics of propofol and fospropofol with particular focus on metabolic pathways is fully reviewed. It is concluded that knowing the metabolism of propofol may lead to the development of new clues to help further toxicological and clinical interpretations and to reduce serious adverse reactions such as respiratory failure, metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac bradyarrhythmias, hypotension and myocardial failure, anaphylaxis, hypertriglyceridemia, renal failure, hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, acute pancreatitis, abuse, and death. Particularly, further studies aiming to characterize polymorphic enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway, the development of additional routine forensic toxicological analysis, and the relatively new field of ‘‘omics” technology, namely, metabolomics, can offer more in explaining the unpredictable interindividual variability.
Comparison of the Efficacy of a Real-Time and Offline Associative Brain-Computer-Interface

An associative brain-computer-interface (BCI) that correlates in time a peripherally generated afferent volley with the peak negativity (PN) of the movement related cortical potential (MRCP) induces plastic changes in the human motor cortex. However, in this associative BCI the movement timed to a cue is not detected in real time. Thus, possible changes in reaction time caused by factors such as attention shifts or fatigue will lead to a decreased accuracy, less pairings, and likely reduced plasticity. The aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of this associative BCI intervention on plasticity induction when the MRCP PN time is pre-determined from a training data set (BCIoffline), or detected online (BCIonline). Ten healthy participants completed both interventions in randomized order. The average detection accuracy for the BCIonline intervention was 71 ± 3% with 2.8 ± 0.7 min-1 false detections. For the BCIonline intervention the PN did not differ significantly between the training set and the actual intervention (t9 = 0.87, p = 0.41). The peak-to-peak motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were quantified prior to, immediately following, and 30 min after the cessation of each intervention. MEP results revealed a significant main effect of time, F(2,18) = 4.46, p = 0.027. The mean TA MEP amplitudes were significantly larger 30 min after (277 ± 72 μV) the BCI interventions compared to pre-intervention MEPs (233 ± 64 μV) regardless of intervention type and stimulation intensity (p = 0.029). These results provide further strong support for the associative nature of the associative BCI but also suggest that they likely differ to the associative long-term potentiation protocol they were modeled on in the exact sites of plasticity.