Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CUNTZ-PIMSNER ALGEBRAS OF GROUP ACTIONS

Abstract. We associate a ∗ -bimodule over the group algebra to every self-similar group action on the space of one-sided sequences. Completions ofthe group algebra, which agree with the bimodule are investigated. Thisgives new examples of Hilbert bimodules and the associated Cuntz-Pimsneralgebras. A direct proof of simplicity of these algebras is given. We showalso a relation between the Cuntz algebras and the Higman-Thompson groupsand deﬁne an analog of the Higman-Thompson group for the Cuntz-Pimsneralgebra of a self-similar group action.Keywords: Self-similar group actions, one-sided shift, bimodules, Cuntz al-gebras, Cuntz-Pimsner algebras, Higman-Thompson groups,Grigorchuk group. MSC (2000): 46L89, 16D20, 20E08. 1. INTRODUCTION The notion of a self-similar group action (fractal group or state-closed group)naturally appears in the theory of groups acting on rooted trees and groups deﬁnedby ﬁnite transducers. Study of such actions is motivated by examples of exoticgroups which are easily deﬁned through their self-similar action.An example of such a group is the Grigorchuk 2-group. In [12] this group isintroduced as a group of measure-preserving transformations of the unit interval.Probably it is the most simple example of a ﬁnitely generated inﬁnite torsion group.The action of the Grigorchuk group on the interval has the self-similarity property:the restrictions of the action of any its element on the halfs of the interval is againan element of the group. This is used in a very short proof of the fact that it is aninﬁnite torsion group. Later the same self-similarity was used to prove that thegroup has intermediate growth (see [13], [14]). It has other interesting propertiessuch as just-inﬁniteness and ﬁnite width (see [15]). Examples of self-similar groups of this sort include the Gupta-Sidkigroup ([18]), the just-nonsolvable torsion free group from [5] and other (see [15],[2] and [16] for more examples).
Effects of Processing Methods on Nutrient Retention of Processed Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus) Fruit

Non-leafy vegetables are highly perishable products and require good processing treatment to prevent post harvest losses. The common traditional method of their preservation is sun-drying or blanching followed by sun-drying. Okro fruit is generally preserved through sun-drying in Nigeria with little documentation on its nutrient retention. This study was therefore carried out to determine effects of processing methods on micronutrient retention of processed okro. Okro fruit was purchased from Bodija market, Ibadan and divided into three portions treated as raw, sun-dried, and blanched/sun-dried samples. Market sun-dried sample was purchased from the market for comparison. The four samples were analysed for proximate, mineral and vitamin composition using standard methods of AOAC, atomic absorption spectrophotometric and spectrophotometric methods. Edible portion of 100g of fresh sample contained 84.5g moisture, 2.9g crude protein, 0.2g lipid, 2.1g ash, 8.3g carbohydrate, 46.47mg sodium, 102.27mg potassium, 86.37mg calcium, 64.80mg phosphorus, 11.40mg magnesium, 1.63mg iron, 3.70mg zinc, and yielded 41.13kcal of energy. Market sun-dried sample had the highest value of ash and carbohydrate while blanched sun-dried sample had highest gross energy (p<0.05). Fresh okro sample had the highest ascorbic acid (33.02mg) and lowest β-carotene (196.57µg) values (p<0.05). The calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and manganese content of sun-dried sample was significantly higher than other samples (p<0.05) while market sample was significantly higher in sodium, potassium, iron and zinc value compared with fresh, blanched sun-dried and sun-dried samples (p<0.05). Sun-drying seemed to be the better method of okro preservation to retain most micronutrients.
Motivational inequality: Prevention goals induce more effort than promotion goals

Regulatory focus theory describes two motivational strategies—promotion and prevention focus—that may be employed during goal directed action. Although a theory of motivation, there is no research examining differences in effort between promotion and prevention focus. Two studies are presented which test the hypothesis that goals pursued with a prevention focus, with its emphasis on duties, responsibilities, and avoidance of negative outcomes, will induce more effort than goals pursued with a promotion focus, which emphasizes hopes, ideals, and achieving positive outcomes. In addition, several potential mediators and moderators of this effect were examined. In Study 1, students who completed an essay designed to induce a prevention focus indicated that they planned to put marginally more effort into preparing for an upcoming exam than students who completed an essay to induce a promotion focus. In Study 2, participants worked on anagrams with either a prevention-focused incentive structure (i.e., losing or not losing money) or a promotion-focused incentive structure (i.e., gaining or not gaining money), and time spent working on the anagrams served as a measure of effort. There was no effect of regulatory focus in this study; however, when participants who indicated being unsuccessful in past academic situations were excluded from analyses, the predicted difference between conditions emerged. The potential role of regulatory fit—the match between one’s dispositional and situational regulatory focus—was examined in both studies, and ruled out as an alternative explanation. Collectively, these studies provide the first evidence, albeit modest, of a difference between promotion and prevention focus in the amount of effort people put forth during goal pursuit, and they serve as a foundation for additional research into differences in motivational strength between promotion and prevention focus. This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. Dissertation Director: ________________________________________ Dr. Scott Eidelman Dissertation Committee: ________________________________________ Dr. Denise R. Beike ________________________________________ Dr. David A. Schroeder DISSERTATION DUPLICATION RELEASE I hereby authorize the University of Arkansas Libraries to duplicate this thesis when needed for research and/or scholarship. Agreed _____________________________________ Jennifer Pattershall-Geide Refused _____________________________________ Jennifer Pattershall-Geide
Social identi cation and gender-related ideology in women and men

The nature of women’s and men’s gender-derived social identi cation was examined with a focus on the relationships between aspects of identity and gender-related ideology. Measures of social identi cation, sex-role ideology, and the perception of women’s collective disadvantage were completed by 171 women and 91 men who categorized themselves as either traditional, non-traditional or feminist. Factor analysis provided support for a multidimensional conception of gender-derived social identi cation, with viable subscales re ecting in-group ties, cognitive centrality, and in-group aVect. For self-identi ed non-traditional and feminist women, the cognitive centrality of gender was greater, and more consistently related to gender-related ideology, than for traditional women. Traditional men reported stronger in-group ties and more positive gender-linked aVect than did non-traditional men, but men’s levels of identi cation were generally weakly related to gender-related ideology. The utility of considering both multiple dimensions and ideological correlates of group identi cation is discussed with reference to social identity theory
Incidences between points and generalized spheres over finite fields and related problems

Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be a finite field of $q$ elements where $q$ is a large odd prime power and $Q =a_1 x_1^{c_1}+. +a_dx_d^{c_d}\in \mathbb{F}_q[x_1,. ,x_d]$, where $2\le c_i\le N$, $\gcd(c_i,q)=1$, and $a_i\in \mathbb{F}_q$ for all $1\le i\le d$. A $Q$-sphere is a set of the form $\lbrace x\in \mathbb{F}_q^d | Q(x-b)=r\rbrace$, where $b\in \mathbb{F}_q^d, r\in \mathbb{F}_q$. We prove bounds on the number of incidences between a point set $\mathcal{P}$ and a $Q$-sphere set $\mathcal{S}$, denoted by $I(\mathcal{P},\mathcal{S})$, as the following. $$| I(\mathcal{P},\mathcal{S})-\frac{|\mathcal{P}||\mathcal{S}|}{q}|\le q^{d/2}\sqrt{|\mathcal{P}||\mathcal{S}|}. $$ We prove this estimate by studying the spectra of directed graphs. We also give a version of this estimate over finite rings $\mathbb{Z}_q$ where $q$ is an odd integer. As a consequence of the above bounds, we give an estimate for the pinned distance problem. In Sections $4$ and $5$, we prove a bound on the number of incidences between a random point set and a random $Q$-sphere set in $\mathbb{F}_q^d$. We also study the finite field analogues of some combinatorial geometry problems, namely, the number of generalized isosceles triangles, and the existence of a large subset without repeated generalized distances.
Beden Eğitimi Öğretmeni Adayı Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Beden Eğitimi Öğretim Yeterlilik Algı Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Bu a rastirmanin amaci beden egitimi ogretmeni adaylarinin beden egitimi ogretim yeterlilik algilarinin ne duzeyde oldugunun belirlenmesidir. Arastirmanin evrenini, 2015-2016 egitim sezonunda ogrenim goren universitelerin beden egitimi ve spor ogretmenligi bolumu son sinif ogrencileri olusturmaktadir. Arastirmanin orneklem grubu ise evreni temsil edecek sekilde 13 universitenin 477 beden egitimi ve spor ogretmenligi bolumu son sinif ogrencisi olusturmaktadir. Katilimcilarin beden egitimi ogretim yeterlilik algilarini belirlemek icin BEOYO olcegi kullanilmistir. Katilimcilarin beden egitimi yeterlilik algi duzeylerini belirlenmesinde, verdikleri yanitlarin olcek alt boyutlarina gore puan ortalamasi ve agirlikli puan ortalamasi alinarak analiz edilmistir. Arastirma sunucunda, beden egitimi ve spor ogretmen adaylarinin genel anlamda kendilerini beden egitimi ogretimi konusunda yuksek duzeyde yeterli gordukleri anlasilmaktadir.
DETRAINING EFFECTS OF TAI CHI ON STATIC BALANCE IN OLDER WOMEN

This study aimed to investigate the detraining effects of Tai Chi (TC) on balance ability in single leg stance (SLS). TC, brisk walking (BW), and control (C) groups completed a 16-week intervention and 8-week detraining program. Time and center of pressure trajectory in SLS was tested with pressure plate at baseline, 16th, 24th week. Primary outcome (Time) and secondary outcomes (Lng, Area, D-ap, D-ml) improved significantly at the 16th week in the TC and BW groups. Most outcomes increased significantly at the 24th week compared to the 16th week in the BW group. TC was effective to improve balance ability and maintaining intervention gains and is recommended as an appropriate exercise to prevent falls in the older adults.
Product Differentiation and Systematic Risk: Theory and Empirical Evidence

Firms producing differentiated products have high margins and therefore low risk. As a result firms invest more into developing differentiated products when they perceive risk is high. Higher risk also implies higher product skewness towards more differentiated products and therefore higher average markups. The model predicts endogenous systematic and idiosyncratic riskiness as well as endogenous intensity of competition: firms in high risk industries reduce their riskiness by competing less than firms in low risk industries. Empirical evidence on product differentiation, R\&D expenses, B/M ratios, and market $\beta$ is consistent with the model.
Morphological and chemical variability within the population of common avens (Geum urbanum L.)

The aim of the study was an ex situ evaluation of morphological and chemical variability within the population of common avens. Plant height, number of shoots, stage of generative development (number of flower buds, flowers, and fruits), as well as weight of herb and underground organs were determined. In the raw materials total content of tannins and content of particular phenolic compounds identified by HPLC was determined. In underground organs also content of eugenol – the dominant constituent of essential oil was assessed. High diversity of morphological traits (especially weight of herb and underground organs) and the content of determined compounds (especially in herb) was found. Aboveand underground organs differed in the composition and content of phenolic compounds. Underground organs were characterised by higher content of flavan-3-ols, but they did not contain chlorogenic acid, which was the dominant phenolic compound in herb.
Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Early Data Release

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is an imaging and spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately one-quarter of the celestial sphere and collect spectra of ≈106 galaxies, 100,000 quasars, 30,000 stars, and 30,000 serendipity targets. In 2001 June, the SDSS released to the general astronomical community its early data release, roughly 462 deg2 of imaging data including almost 14 million detected objects and 54,008 follow-up spectra. The imaging data were collected in drift-scan mode in five bandpasses (u, g, r, i, and z); our 95% completeness limits for stars are 22.0, 22.2, 22.2, 21.3, and 20.5, respectively. The photometric calibration is reproducible to 5%, 3%, 3%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. The spectra are flux- and wavelength-calibrated, with 4096 pixels from 3800 to 9200 Å at R ≈ 1800. We present the means by which these data are distributed to the astronomical community, descriptions of the hardware used to obtain the data, the software used for processing the data, the measured quantities for each observed object, and an overview of the properties of this data set.
European Parliament Electoral Turnout in Post-Communist Europe

The relatively low voter turnout rates in the June 2004 European Parliamentary elections in many of the post-communist states surprised observers. While the average turnout rate for these new-EU member states barely surpassed 30%, turnout exhibited much variance at the national and sub-national levels. In this article, we study the determinants of European Parliamentary election voter turnout rates in the post-communist countries at the regional level. Our central hypothesis is that regional turnout rates may be related to regional economic conditions and that in areas experiencing economic hardship, turnout will be lower. We also assess the extent that EU attitudes matter for turnout. A unique data set, compiled at the NUTS-3.
The satellites of the Milky Way – insights from semi-analytic modelling in a ΛCDM cosmology

We combine the six high-resolution Aquarius dark matter simulations with a semi-analytic galaxy formation model to investigate the properties of the satellites of Milky Way-like galaxies. We find good correspondence with the observed luminosity function, luminosity-metallicity relation and radial distribution of the Milky Way satellites. The star formation histories of the dwarf galaxies in our model vary widely, in accordance with what is seen observationally. Some systems are dominated by old populations, whereas others are dominated by intermediate populations; star formation histories can either be continuous or more bursty. Ram-pressure stripping of hot gas from the satellites leaves a clear imprint of the environment on the characteristics of a dwarf galaxy. We find that the fraction of satellites dominated by old populations of stars matches observations well. However, the internal metallicity distributions of the model satellites appear to be narrower than observed. This may indicate limitations in our treatment of chemical enrichment, which is based on the instantaneous recycling approximation. We find a strong correlation between the number of satellites and the dark matter mass of the host halo. Our model works best if the dark matter halo of the Milky Way has a mass of similar to 8 x 10(11) M-circle dot, in agreement with the lower estimates from observations, but about a factor of 2 lower than estimates based on the Local Group timing argument or abundance matching techniques. The galaxy that resembles the Milky Way the most also has the best-matching satellite luminosity function, although it does not contain an object as bright as the Large or Small Magellanic Cloud. Compared to other semi-analytic models and abundance matching relations we find that central galaxies reside in less massive haloes, but the halo mass-stellar mass relation in our model is consistent both with hydrodynamical simulations and with recent observations.
Role of vermicompost in sustainable agriculture – A review

Organic wastes returned to the soil can maintain, enhance soil quality, fertility and productivity through favourable effect on soil properties and other processes. Vermicompost technology for composting of organic wastes is remarkably effective for reduction in the processing time of decomposition and produce good quality compost in terms of nutrients. It serves as an important component of integrated plant nutrient supply system for balanced fertilization along with mahtaining health to sustain the productivity of soils. Organic wastes returned to soil as vermicompost contribute to reduce the fertilizer requirement of crop. Beneficial effects d vermicompost on yield and quality of crop are also highlighted in the article, Vermicompost can be used as a potting mixture for horticultural crops.
A phenomenological examination of psilocybin use and its positive and persisting aftereffects

This study is an examination of the positive and persisting psychological and behavioral aftereffects in eight individuals who reported consumption of psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Mushrooms containing psilocybin have been used for healing and spiritual purposes for thousands of years, and the therapeutic applications of psilocybin were scientifically examined beginning in the mid-20th century. Research from this era suggested that psilocybin was indicated as an effective adjunct to psychotherapy for conditions such as depression, anxiety, chemical dependency, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Recent research at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine demonstrated that participants who consumed psilocybin reported having profoundly meaningful experiences, and that these participants experienced persisting and positive changes to their mood, attitude, and behavior at 1-month and 14-month follow up. However, there has not yet been ample research examining the mechanism of the connection between participantsâ€™ experience with psilocybin and the existence of these positive and persisting aftereffects. This study employed a phenomenological approach, using an unstructured interview to gain an understanding of participantsâ€™ description of this mechanism. Eight adults were interviewed who reported using psilocybin in the past. A within-case analysis and cross-case analysis were conducted on the data, producing 11 themes within three categories: Set (which included the themes of Preliminary Anxiety and Substantial Preparation); Experience of Psilocybin Effect (which included the themes of Profound Shift in Attention, Unity Consciousness, Increased Introspection, Positive Emotional State, and Transcendental Experience); and Persisting Aftereffects (which included the themes of Short Term Reduction in Anxiety, Persisting Insight, Assistance with Psychological Distress, and Inspired Behavioral Change). Participants maintained insights gained during their experience of psilocybin far beyond the course of the substance. This research suggests that the positive and persisting aftereffects related to the consumption of psilocybin may be useful for psychological healing and growth, and that these aftereffects should continue to be studied.
Some Rings of Invariants that are Cohen-Macaulay

Abstract Let be a representation of the finite group G over the field . If the order |G| of G is relatively prime to the characteristic of or n = 1 or 2, then it is known that the ring of invariants is Cohen-Macaulay. There are examples to show that need not be Cohen-Macaulay when |G| is divisible by the characteristic of . In all such examples is at least 4. In this note we fill the gap between these results and show that rings of invariants in three variables are always Cohen-Macaulay.
Bisphosphonates and Bone Microdamage

OF THESIS BISPHOSPHONATES AND BONE MICRODAMAGE Osteoporosis is a significant healthcare issue due to the increasing elderly population. Bisphosphonates are used to treat osteoporosis by reducing the rate of resorption, increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and thereby reducing fracture risk. Long-term bisphosphonate treatment, however, has been associated with low-energy fractures. Bone microdamage may provide a partial explanation for one of the mechanisms responsible for these fractures since it has been shown to reduce bone toughness, fracture resistance, and bone strength. The goal of this study was to quantify the changes in bone microdamage parameters with the duration of bisphosphonate treatment. This study selected, stained, and histomorphometrically analyzed 40 iliac crest bone biopsies from controls and female patients with osteoporosis treated with bisphosphonates for varying durations (up to 12 years). All subjects were matched for age and low turnover. The results showed that microcrack density and microcrack surface density were significantly greater in patients who took bisphosphonates for at least 5 years compared to those who took bisphosphonates for less than 5 years or not at all. These results reveal novel, clinically relevant information linking microdamage accumulation to long-term bisphosphonate treatment without influences from age or turnover.
Classification of operators by means of their operational calculus

Introduction. It was realized recently that a natural starting point for spectral theory is the operational calculus (see [7] and [15]). Instead of postulating the existence of a resolution of the identity (as in [4]) one postulates the existence of an operational calculus, which is an extension of the usual analytic operational calculus for bounded operators. For us, an ^. -operational calculus is a continuous representation T(-) with compact support of a topological algebra 81 of complex-valued functions on the complex plane, in the Banach algebra B(X) of all bounded operators on a given Banach space X. It is convenient for our purposes to make some restrictions on 21 and on T(-) (see details in §2). An operator T is "of class 31" if there exists an 21-operational calculus T(-) such that T(z) = T. We are concerned with the classification of bounded operators by means of their operational calculus, and with the characterization of certain special classes. We deal mainly with "real operators" (i.e., operators with spectrum on the real line). In this case, we have the following
Culture or social interaction? A study of influential factors on weblog design

The importance of blogs and social networking as medium of interactions had gain substantial popularity in mainstream media. Such popularity is due to blogs timely publication, ease of use and wide availability. Blogs hypertext and hyperlinks spread information and influence through an underlying social network. Taking into consideration that past studies on web design have focused on cultural traits on design elements, this paper aims to analyse the patterns on blog design from the perspectives of social influence and interactions. Examining design patterns from five networks of blogs using content analysis method, the results show that design of blogs in an online network shares similar elements and the pattern is different from one network to the other.