Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Higher Training Frequency Is Important for Gaining Muscular Strength Under Volume-Matched Training

Background: This study investigated the effect of volume-matched strength training programs with different frequency and subsequent detraining on muscle size and strength. Methods: During a training period of 11 weeks, untrained subjects (age: 22.3 ± 0.9 years, height: 173.1 ± 4.8 cm and body mass: 66.8 ± 8.4 kg) performed knee-extension exercise at 67% of their estimated one-repetition maximum either one session per week (T1 group: 6 sets of 12 repetitions per session; n = 10) or three sessions per week (T3 group: 2 sets of 12 repetitions per session; n = 10). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and muscle stiffness were measured as an index of muscle fatigue and muscle damage, respectively. The magnitude of muscle hypertrophy was assessed with thigh circumference and the quadriceps muscle thickness. The changes in muscle strength were measured with isometric maximum voluntary contraction torque (MVC). Results: During the training period, RPE was significantly higher in the T1 than in the T3 (p < 0.001). After 11 weeks of training, both groups exhibited significant improvements in thigh circumference, muscle thickness, and MVC compared with baseline values. However, there was a significant group difference in MVC improvement at week 11 (T1: 43.5 ± 15.5%, T3: 65.2 ± 23.2%, p < 0.05). After 6 weeks of detraining, both groups showed the significant decreases in thigh circumference and muscle thickness from those at the end of training period, while no significant effect of detraining was observed in MVC. Conclusion: These results suggest that three training sessions per week with two sets are recommended for untrained subjects to improve muscle strength while minimizing fatigue compared to one session per week with six sets.
CNN Based Query by Example Spoken Term Detection

In this work, we address the problem of query by example spoken term detection (QbE-STD) in zero-resource scenario. State of the art solutions usually rely on dynamic time warping (DTW) based template matching. In contrast, we propose here to tackle the problem as binary classiﬁcation of images. Similar to the DTW approach, we rely on deep neural network (DNN) based posterior probabilities as feature vectors. The posteriors from a spoken query and a test utterance are used to compute frame-level similarities in a matrix form. This matrix contains somewhere a quasi-diagonal pattern if the query occurs in the test utterance. We propose to use this matrix as an image and train a convolutional neural network (CNN) for identifying the pattern and make a decision about the occurrence of the query. This language independent system is evaluated on SWS 2013 and is shown to give 10% relative improvement over a highly competitive baseline system based on DTW. Experiments on QUESST 2014 database gives similar improvements showing that the approach generalizes to other databases as well.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound evaluation of testicular interstitial cell tumours in conscious non-sedated dogs

Testicular tumours are the most common neoplasms of the genital system in male dogs. The three main types reported in dogs are interstitial cell tumour, seminoma and Sertoli cell tumour. Interstitial cell tumour is related to the presence of single or multiple nodules inside the testicular parenchyma, and it is detected by palpation or is often an incidental finding during ultrasonography examination. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound allows characterisation of the perfusion of the testicular lesion and reveals the micro-vascularisation; however, perfusion parameters may be strongly influenced by sedative drug administration, so our aim was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative perfusion of a single type of tumour (interstitial cell tumour) with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in conscious dogs to exclude any influence of pharmacological agents on vascular flow. Thirty dogs with focal testicular lesions found by palpation and/or by ultrasound (B-mode and Doppler) examination were selected; contrastenhanced ultrasound was performed only in subjects that presented testicular focal lesions. After orchiectomy, testes were submitted to histological evaluation; 2-minute clips recorded during contrast-enhanced ultrasound were analysed only in the case of dogs with interstitial cell tumours (n = 12). Contrast medium showed wash-in at around 25–30 seconds, at the same time as the surrounding tissue: lesions were hyperenhancing, homogeneous or inhomogeneous with rim enhancement and contained prominent inner vessels; however, enhancement of small regions was absent. Quantitative analysis demonstrated significantly higher PI% (P = 0.005), regional blood volume (P = 0.02) and regional blood flow (P = 0.007) values in lesions than in surrounding tissue; no differences were found for time-to-peak and mean transit time. In conclusion, the contrast-enhanced ultrasound pattern observed in conscious non-sedated dogs with interstitial cell tumour was similar to the pattern described in a previous study in dogs after intramuscular administration of medetomidine (10 μg/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg).
Implications of Retrospective Measurement Error in Event History Analysis

It is commonly accepted that the use of retrospective questions in surveys makes interviewees face harder cognitive challenges and therefore leads to less precise measures than questions asking about current states. In this paper we evaluate the effect of using data derived from retrospective questions as the response variable in different event history analysis models: an accelerated life Weibull, an accelerated life exponential, a proportional hazards Cox, and a proportional odds logit. The impact of measurement error is assessed by a comparison of the estimates obtained when the models are specified using durations of unemployment derived from a retrospective question against those obtained using validation data derived from a register of unemployment. Results show large attenuation effects in all the regression coefficients. Furthermore, these effects are relatively similar across models. Normal 0 false false false EN-GB ZH-CN AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
Does capture method or the presence of aquatic protected areas influence the selective harvest of behavioural types in largemouth bass

Selectively removing fish based on particular traits, such as body size, may shift trait abundance in the remaining population, resulting in a phenomenon called fisheries-induced evolution. Recently, there is growing interest in evaluating the effects of fisheries-induced evolution on fish behaviour. Aquatic protected areas (APAs) have been designated in some habitats in efforts to prohibit harvesting and maintain natural ranges of phenotypic variation for impacted species. Here, we attempted to test whether APAs that prohibit all forms of fishing have an evolutionary influence on adult largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) behaviour by investigating the relationship between capture method and behavioural type. Fish, caught via active (angling) and passive (hoop net) capture techniques in both protected (70+ year old APAs in eastern Ontario) and adjacent nonprotected areas, were subjected to standard tests of boldness (refuge emergence, general activity, and flight-initiation-distance). A behavioural sy.
Quantifying stability and change in ethnic group

We investigate the stability of individuals’ affiliation to ethnic group categories using the Longitudinal Study of England and Wales linked between the Censuses of 1991 and 2001. While membership of the White category is stable, between seven and nine per cent of those recorded in an Asian group in 1991 have changed to a different group by 2001, while 23% of the Caribbean and African groups have changed. We quantify the separate influences of question unreliability, changes in categories, and conscious change of affiliation, finding that the latter contributes little instability over the period 1991-2001. The unreliability of the question is significant, due partly to the ambiguity of the categories for some people, and partly to imprecise imputation of missing values. We find the best correspondence between the different classifications used in 1991 and 2001 using empirical measures of fit. We investigate compatible classifications using larger and smaller numbers of categories.
A fourfold increase of oesophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with a history of oesophageal variceal bleeding.

INTRODUCTION Large, recent population-based data for evaluating the predictors of oesophageal variceal bleeding (OVB) among cirrhotic patients is still lacking. This study aimed to determine the cumulative incidence of OVB among cirrhotic patients and identify the predictors of OVB occurrence. METHODS Patient information on 38,172 cirrhotic patients without a history of OVB, who were discharged between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2007, was obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database for this study. All patients were followed up for three years. Death was the competing risk when calculating the cumulative incidences and hazard ratios (HRs) of OVB. RESULTS OVB was present in 2,609 patients (OVB group) and absent in 35,563 patients (non-OVB group) at hospitalisation. During the three-year follow-up period, the cumulative incidence of OVB was 44.5% and 11.3% in the OVB and non-OVB group, respectively (p < 0.001). Modified Cox regression analysis showed that the HR of OVB history was 4.42 for OVB occurrence (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.13-4.74). Other predictors for OVB occurrence included hepatocellular carcinoma (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.09-1.24), young age (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.98-0.98), ascites (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.37-1.56), alcohol-related disorders (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12-1.28), peptic ulcer bleeding (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13-1.41) and diabetes mellitus (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06-1.23). CONCLUSION Cirrhotic patients have a fourfold increased risk of future OVB following the first incidence of OVB.
In an Absolute State: Elevated Use of Absolutist Words Is a Marker Specific to Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation

Absolutist thinking is considered a cognitive distortion by most cognitive therapies for anxiety and depression. Yet, there is little empirical evidence of its prevalence or specificity. Across three studies, we conducted a text analysis of 63 Internet forums (over 6,400 members) using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software to examine absolutism at the linguistic level. We predicted and found that anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation forums contained more absolutist words than control forums (ds > 3.14). Suicidal ideation forums also contained more absolutist words than anxiety and depression forums (ds > 1.71). We show that these differences are more reflective of absolutist thinking than psychological distress. It is interesting that absolutist words tracked the severity of affective disorder forums more faithfully than negative emotion words. Finally, we found elevated levels of absolutist words in depression recovery forums. This suggests that absolutist thinking may be a vulnerability factor.
Morgellons ” ( pronounced with either a hard or soft “ g ” ) comes from a letter written in 1674

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Humic Substances Alter Ammonia Production and the Microbial Populations Within a RUSITEC Fed a Mixed Hay – Concentrate Diet

Humic substances are a novel feed additive which may have the potential to mitigate enteric methane (CH4) production from ruminants as well as enhance microbial activity in the rumen. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of humic substances on fermentation characteristics and microbial communities using the rumen stimulation technique (RUSITEC). The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 3 treatments duplicated in 2 runs (a 15-day period each run) with 2 replicates per run. Treatments consisted of a control diet (forage:concentrate; 60:40) without humic substances or humic substances added at either 1.5 g/d or 3.0 g/d. Dry matter disappearance, pH, fermentation parameters and gas production were measured from day 8 to 15. Samples for microbial profiling were taken on day 5, 10, and 15 using the digested feed bags for solid- associated microbes (SAM) and fermenter fluid for liquid- associated microbes (LAM). The inclusion of humic substances had no effect (P ≥ 0.19) on DM disappearance, pH or the concentrations of VFA. The production of NH3 was linearly decreased (P = 0.04) with increasing levels of humic substances in the diet. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.43) of humic substances on total gas, CO2 or CH4 production. The number of OTUs was significantly reduced in the 3.0 g/d treatment compared to the control on d 10 and 15; however, the microbial community structure was largely unaffected (P > 0.05). In the SAM samples, the genera Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 group, Succiniclasticum, and Fibrobacter were reduced in the 3.0 g/d treatment and Anaeroplasma, Olsenella, and Pseudobutyrivibrio were increased on day 5, 10, and 15. Within the LAM samples, Christensenellaceae R-7 and Succiniclasticum were the most differentially abundant genera between the control and 3.0 g/d HS treatment samples (P < 0.05). This study highlights the potential use of humic substances as a natural feed additive which may play a role in nitrogen metabolism without negatively affecting the ruminal microbiota.
Gendered Pathways Toward STEM Careers: The Incremental Roles of Work Value Profiles Above Academic Task Values

Drawing on Eccles' expectancy-value model of achievement-related choices, we examined how work values predict individual and gender differences in sciences, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) participations in early adulthood (ages of 25/27, 6 or 8 years after postsecondary school), controlling for subjective task values attached to academic subjects in late adolescence (11th grade, age 18). The study examined 1,259 Finnish participants using a person-oriented approach. Results showed that: (a) we could identify four profile groups based on five core work values (society, family, monetary, career prospects, and working with people); (b) work-value profiles predicted young adults actual STEM participation in two fields: math-intensive and life science occupations above and beyond academic task values (e.g., math/science) and background information; (c) work-value profiles also differentiate between those who entered support- vs. professional-level STEM jobs; and (d) gender differences in work value profiles partially explained the differential representation of women across STEM sub-disciplines and the overall underrepresentation of women in STEM fields.
Effects of predation risk factors on escape behavior by Balearic lizards ( Podarcis lilfordi ) in relation to optimal escape theory

Escape theory predicts that flight initiation distance (FID = predator-prey distance when escape begins) increases as predation risk increases. We tested effects of variation of approach speed and directness, predator persistence, concealment, and weather conditions on FID in the Balearic lizard (Podarcis lilfordi) by ourselves simulating predators. We examined effects of directness of approach on probability of fleeing and of repeated approach on entering refuge and distance fled. As predicted, FID was greater for faster approach speed, more direct approach, during second than first approaches, and when lizards were exposed than partially concealed. Other effects of directness of approach and repeated approach also were as predicted by greater assessed risk by the lizards. The proportion of individuals that fled was greater for direct than indirect approaches. The proportion of lizards that entered refuges and distance fled were greater during the second of two successive approaches. Effects of weather on FID were complex. FID was shortest in the warmest conditions with no noticeable wind, when lizards were active. Lizards were inactive and basked in the other conditions. FID was longest at 20°C without wind, and intermediate FID occurred at 18°C in windy conditions. We present hypotheses for weather effects. Tests are needed to unravel effects of temperature and wind speed. All predictions of escape theory for simple risk factors, i.e., all except than weather conditions, were confirmed. Escape theory successfully predicts FID for these risks in P. lilfordi, other lacertids, and more broadly, in ecologically and taxonomically diverse lizards.
Differing responses of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and white abalone (H. sorenseni) to infection with phage-associated Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis

The Rickettsiales-like prokaryote and causative agent of Withering Syndrome (WS)—Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (Ca. Xc)—decimated black abalone populations along the Pacific coast of North America. White abalone—Haliotis sorenseni—are also susceptible to WS and have become nearly extinct in the wild due to overfishing in the 1970s. Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis proliferates within epithelial cells of the abalone gastrointestinal tract and causes clinical signs of starvation. In 2012, evidence of a putative bacteriophage associated with Ca. Xc in red abalone—Haliotis rufescens—was described. Recently, histologic examination of animals with Ca. Xc infection in California abalone populations universally appear to have the phage-containing inclusions. In this study, we investigated the current virulence of Ca. Xc in red abalone and white abalone at different environmental temperatures. Using a comparative experimental design, we observed differences over time between the two abalone species in mortality, body condition, and bacterial load by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). By day 251, all white abalone exposed to the current variant of Ca. Xc held in the warm water (18.5 °C) treatment died, while red abalone exposed to the same conditions had a mortality rate of only 10%, despite a relatively heavy bacterial burden as determined by qPCR of posterior esophagus tissue and histological assessment at the termination of the experiment. These data support the current status of Ca. Xc as less virulent in red abalone, and may provide correlative evidence of a protective phage interaction. However, white abalone appear to remain highly susceptible to this disease. These findings have important implications for implementation of a white abalone recovery program, particularly with respect to the thermal regimes of locations where captively-reared individuals will be outplanted.
Investigation of Parental Involvement in the Education of Pre-school and Primary School-Level Special Needs Students

DOI: 10.14812/cufej.2014. 0012 Okul öncesi dönemde çocuklara dış dünyayı tanıma fırsatı veren, çeşitli alışkanlıkları kazandıran en önemli kurumlardan biri ailedir. Okul öncesi eğitim, özelliği gereği yalnız kurumda değil, aynı zamanda ailede de gerçekleştirilebilecek bir eğitimdir. Her çocuk gibi akranlarından farklı gelişim özellikleri gösteren çocukların da bu dönemde eğitim hizmetlerinden yararlanma hakkı bulunmaktadır. Ancak okuldaki programın başarıya ulaşmasında aile katılımı oldukça önemli rol oynar. Aile katılımının özel gereksinimli çocukların eğitimleri üzerinde etkili olduğu düşüncesinden hareketle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, okul ve ilkokula devam eden özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin ailelerinin çocuklarının eğitimine katılım düzeyleri çocuğun cinsiyeti, devam ettiği eğitim düzeyi, annenin eğitim düzeyi, çalışma durumu ve ailenin aylık gelir düzeyi değişkenlerine göre incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nedensel karşılaştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak çocuğa ilişkin değişkenlerden cinsiyet, aileye ait değişkenlerden ise anne eğitim düzeyi ile aileye ait gelir düzeyinin aile katılım puanlarında bir farklılığa neden olmadığı; diğer yandan çocukların devam ettiği eğitim düzeyi ile annelerin çalışma durumunun aile katılım düzeyinde anlamlı bir farklılık oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Makale Geçmişi: Geliş Düzeltme Kabul 29 Haziran 2014 05 Ağustos 2014 29 Ağustos 2014
Comparison of qualitative and quantitative properties of the wings, necks and offal of chicken broilers from organic and conventional production systems

The aim of the present study was to investigate qualitative and quantitative properties of wings, offal (liver, heart and gizzard) and necks of chickens from organic and conventional production systems, currently available on the market for Czech consumers. Production properties (yield and weight), surface colour (lightness, redness, yellowness) and chemical indicators (dry matter, total protein, net protein, collagen, hydroxyproline, fat, ash and phosphorus) were evaluated in fresh chicken broilers. Conventionally produced chickens had higher carcass yields but higher wing yields and weights were observed in organic broilers. The skin, bones, tip (left wings) and the meat with skin (right wings) of organic broilers were heavier (P < 0.05) than those of conventional chickens. The dry matter and total protein content of deboned organic broiler wings (meat with skin) was greater (P < 0.01) than those of conventional wings. Similarly as for yields, the offal (heart, gizzard) and necks of organic chickens had significantly (P < 0.01) higher weights in comparison with conventional chickens. Colour indicators showed that the external surface of the livers, necks and gizzards (muscle) from organic chickens were darker (lightness; P < 0.01). Total protein content in livers, hearts and necks of organic chickens was greater; fat content in the livers and necks of organic broilers was also higher (P < 0.05) than those of conventional broilers. The ash and phosphorus in the necks of conventional broilers was higher (P < 0.05) than in organic chickens. This study indicates that the quantity and quality of offal and neck from organic broilers are slightly superior compared to conventional chickens.
06. Colouration in male blue-throated keeled lizards ( Algyroides nigropunctatus ): Evidence for ultraviolet reflectance of throat and lateral patches

The blue-throated keeled lizard, Algyroides nigropunctatus, is distributed along the Adriatic coast from Italy to Greece and is sexually dichromatic. Males display a striking blue on their throat, an orange ventrum, and a dark brown dorsal colouration, but their colouration has never been objectively assessed. Here, we describe the colouration of 13 male blue-throated keeled lizards from Cres Island (Croatia) using spectrophotometry and ultraviolet (UV) photography, and show that the blue throat and the blue spots located on the flanks reflect in the UV part of the spectrum. We discuss the potential role of UV-blue colouration in social signalling.