Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing methadone and Suboxone in applied treatment settings: the experiences of maintenance patients in Lanarkshire

Background. Although there is evidence that buprenorphine is more effective than placebo in suppressing heroin use, and is a recommended treatment for opioid dependence, methadone remains the dominant maintenance treatment. However, this may have adverse consequences in increased dependence liability and greater withdrawal effects. Rationale. The study assessed the experiences of clients in Lanarkshire who had experienced both substances to report on the strengths and weaknesses of each. Method. Two phases of opportunistic data were collected – open narrative accounts of those successfully detoxifying from Suboxone (a buprenorphine/naloxone combination) and structured interviews with clients comparing Suboxone and methadone. Results. Consistently, clients reported more clarity of thinking while on Suboxone. However, this was not always perceived positively as increased clarity necessitated more psychosocial therapeutic support than was needed on methadone. Suboxone was associated with increased confidence and lower stigma than methadone. Concerns were expressed about the antagonistic effect of Suboxone, with several reports of “use on top”. Conclusion. Participants made clear distinctions between methadone and Suboxone, with the strongest difference being increased clarity of thinking on Suboxone. Suboxone has significant potential for staged use within a “recovery journey” but only if prescribed within an appropriate package of psychosocial care.
BST-CarGel: In Situ ChondroInduction for Cartilage Repair

The repair of articular cartilage has posed a longstanding orthopedic challenge. The concept of marrow stimulation is basically the intentional injury of a subchondral bone below a cartilage lesion to elicit a wound repair response. However, the desire to fill the lesion with a blood clot is at odds with platelet-driven clot retraction, which results in clot shrinkage and detachment. Therefore, BST-CarGel was developed to produce a physically stabilized blood clot that is more voluminous and adherent within a debrided cartilage lesion having access to bone marrow, thus improving existing bone marrow-stimulation procedures. BST-CarGel is a soluble polymer scaffold containing the polysaccharide chitosan, which is dispersed throughout uncoagulated whole blood, and then delivered to a surgically prepared lesion. BST-CarGel allows normal clot formation, reinforces the clot, impedes retraction, increases adhesivity, and ensures prolonged residency of both the clot and critical tissue repair factors from blood. In animals, BST-CarGel was shown to increase the volume and hyaline character of repair tissue, with increased GAG and collagen content, compared with microfracture controls. A patient cohort received BST-CarGel treatment, which encompassed the spectrum of traumatic to degenerative lesions, along with other joint pathologies. Anecdotal evidence demonstrated the potential of BST-CarGel for treating focal cartilage lesions of variable etiology through both mini-open and arthroscopic approaches. Because it requires only a single minimally invasive intervention, BST-CarGel and its unique characteristics are novel in orthopedics. In addition, its use with marrow stimulation provides familiarity with well-recognized surgical techniques, bringing a simple-yet-versatile treatment modality that applies scaffold-guided regenerative medicine to a potentially wide-ranging group of indications.
Robust control of rigid robots

This paper presents a simple robust control for rigid robots based on the Lyapunov approach. First, the stability and performance are established with a rather general nonlinear switching surface. Then a design example of the nonlinear switching surface with experiment results are given. Besides its simplicity and robustness, the salient features of the proposed controller are its capability of giving a reduced tracking error in the steady-state and reduced control efforts in the transient-state.
Validity and reliability of the ureteral stent symptoms questionnaire to Persian language

Introduction: Ureteral stenting is a common urological procedure. However, morbidity associated with ureteral stents has been identified as a potential health problem. A comprehensive, reliable and valid measure to evaluate health-related quality of life in patients undergoing this procedure is the Ureteral Stent Symptoms Questionnaire (USSQ). In this paper, we validate the Persian version of the USSQ in patients with a ureteral stent. Methods: Linguistic validation of the USSQ was performed through a standard process that included forward and backward translation by two translators and pilot testing. Six clinical specialists scored translated questionnaires to examine content validity. Thirty patients who underwent the ureteroscopic surgery and 20 control participants completed the Persian USSQ as well as the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Patients completed the questionnaires 1 week after stent placement and again 4 weeks after stent placement while controls completed questionnaires 2 times 3 weeks apart. Results: To assess content validity, content validity index for items and modified Kappa was > 0.81 for the entire scale. Internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha was > 0.78. Test-retest reliability (Kendall’s tau coefficient > 0.7) was satisfactory for urinary symptoms, general health, sexual matters, work performance and additional problem domains. Convergent validity was 0.71 for urinary symptoms and IPSS. Discriminant validity between cases and controls was meaningful. Conclusion: The Persian version of the USSQ is a reliable and valid instrument that can be self-administered by patients with indwelling ureteral stent in clinical and research settings.
Utilization of Echocardiography in Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia at Two Large Canadian Hospitals

BackgroundRoutine utilization of echocardiography for evaluation of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is variable and controversial. We assessed echocardiography utilization patterns in patients with SAB at 2 large Canadian hospitals. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 286 adult inpatients with SAB from 2 tertiary care hospitals in Winnipeg, Canada, between 2010 and 2012. We evaluated the factors associated with receipt of echocardiography and the predictors of receiving a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) after transthoracic echocardiography. Multivariate logistic regression was used to derive odds ratios for the 2 analyses. ResultsMost patients (74%) were investigated with echocardiography, but only 14% (29/213) of those were later assessed by TEE. Most cases were of community onset (77%) caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (85%). The most common source of bacteremia was an intravenous catheter (37%). Infective endocarditis was diagnosed in 11.5% (33/286) of cases. Factors independently associated with obtaining echocardiography were 2 or more positive blood culture sets and the presence of metastatic complications. Acquisition of TEE was associated with the presence of metastatic complications and pre-existing prosthetic valves or intracardiac devices. ConclusionsEchocardiography utilization rates were high at our institution, possibly reflecting good awareness of the association between IE and SAB. However, TEE was employed infrequently even in patients with known risk factors for IE. The optimal role of echocardiography in the evaluation of patients with SAB remains to be defined.
Pain from pediatric cancer: A survey of an outpatient oncology clinic

Althoughcancer is often associated with pain, few data are available on the prevalence of pain in children with cancer. This article reports on a survey of children who were out patients of the cancer clinic at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and their parents. The goals of the study were to determine the extent of pain, as rated by the children and their parents, from three sources: from the disease, from diagnostic and monitoring procedures, and from treatment. Three-quarters of the children experienced severe pain from bone marrow aspirations, half experienced moderate to severe pain from treatment, and one-quarter had recent pain from the disease. Analgesics were not widely prescribed.
Little kids, big verbs: the acquisition of Murrinhpatha bipartite stem verbs

This thesis examines the acquisition of Murrinhpatha, a polysynthetic language of northern Australia, based on semi-naturalistic data from 5 children (1;9-6;1) over a two-year period. It represents the first detailed acquisition study of an Australian non-Pama Nyungan language and thus contributes to a growing crosslinguistic and typological understanding of the process of language acquisition. In particular it focuses on the acquisition of Murrinhpatha bipartite stem verbs and the acquisition of complex inflectional verbal paradigms. These structures pose a number of challenges to the language learner, which raise questions for current theories of morphological acquisition. The structure of this thesis is built around three major research questions. The first aims to describe the characteristics of early verb use in Murrinhpatha both with regard to their structure and their semantics and pragmatics. I describe the development of verb structures in Murrinhpatha finding that these are sensitive to phonological/prosodic factors and not truncated according to morphosyntactic factors. The semantics and pragmatics of early verbs show similarities to English-acquiring children despite the great typological differences of these languages. Secondly I examine the acquisition of the complex inflectional paradigms of Murrinhpatha classifier stems. This system appears to be too complex to allow for abstract rule-based morphological acquisition but also too large to rely on rote learning of individual inflected forms. I find that children begin by using a small core of rote learned inflected forms and gradually expand verb paradigms along predictable pathways relying on low level analogy and semi-regular patterns of inflection. Finally I consider the acquisition of Murrinhpatha bipartite stem verb morphology. These verbs are constructed of two stem elements, a classifier stem and a lexical stem, which co-vary to encode verbal semantics and argument structure. Such a system has not previously been explored from an acquisition perspective, and thus I investigate how children acquire the underlying compositional principles of the system. While children do use bipartite stem morphology contrastively, they are found not to acquire the compositional principles underlying the system in the age range considered. This suggests that the Murrinhpatha bipartite stem verb system is not regular or transparent enough to allow for the acquisition of the principles of compositionality during the earlier stages of development. Declaration I declare that: a) This thesis comprises only my original work towards the Doctor of Philosophy degree; b) Due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used; c) Full ethics procedures and guidelines have been followed; and d) The thesis is fewer than 100,000 words in length exclusive of tables, maps, figures, and foreign language examples. Table of
Bipolar Disorder in Childhood and Early Adolescence

The topic of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is controversial. Over the past few years, professional discourse has shared some of the contentiousness. Barbara Geller and Melissa DelBello have assembled an exceptional edited volume. The contributions come from many of the leading researchers, and the scope is ambitious. The result is a careful assimilation of research organized into three broad themes: (1) Diagnosis, natural history, and longitudinal course, (2) neurobiology and genetics, and (3) treatment and support for families. Given the heightened interest and saltatory advances in the area of Early Onset Bipolar Spectrum Disorder (EOBSD), it is not reasonable to expect a book written now to be complete in coverage. However, the chapters were clearly developed with the goal of providing a comprehensive description of current knowledge, even though some areas are presently more exploratory than others. A chapter on genetics, for example, must reflect that there is still active discussion about the operational definitions of bipolar phenotypes. The edited volume organizes a substantial amount of information that is often too technical to engage most mental health consumers and practitioners, but is ideal as an introduction for researchers or advanced graduate students or fellows who are developing expertise in the topic. The emphasis is also clearly on research, although some of the chapters also provide clinical recommendations and material that practitioners would find engaging.
THROMBOELASTOGRAPHY ANALYSIS AFTER AUTOLOGOUS TRANSFUSION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY

BackgroundAcute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) includes the removal of blood from a patient either immediately before or shortly after the induction of anesthesia and the simultaneous replacement with an appropriate volume of plasma substitute to maintain normovolemia. Thromboelastography (TEG) is a non-invasive diagnostic approach designed to monitor and analyze the coagulability state of a blood sample in order to assist clinical assessment of the haemostatic condition of the patient. The aim of this study was to use the ANH technique in patients requiring coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and to confirm the advantages of the ANH technique along with TEG. MethodA controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted in 130 patients (32 females, mean age 57 ± 9.0 years, range 38 to 79 years) who were scheduled for CABG surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). They were equally divided into two equal-sized ANH and control groups (n = 65). Patients in group A underwent ANH with an average of 500 ml whole blood removal after the induction of anesthesia and their removed blood was replaced with crystalloid solution; blood was not removed in the subjects of the control group. Serum levels of hemoglobin and platelets, TEG parameters analysis, homodynamic changes before and after the operation, and the amount of blood transfused during surgery and in the ICU were checked in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA models. ResultsAfter the surgery, there were significant decreases in hemoglobin and platelets levels (p <0.005), but the decrease was less in the ANH group. However, no difference was found in the amount of platelets decrease between the two groups. Changes in TEG parameters K, ANGLE, EPL and CI – in the ANH group were statistically significant before and after the surgery (all p-values <0.05). Also, there were significant differences in MA, EPL, and CI parameters between the ANH and control groups (all p-values <0.05). ConclusionUse of ANH in patients undergoing CABG surgery results in greater preservation of coagulation factors and platelets that may reduce the amount of bleeding (Iranian Heart Journal 2009; 10 (4):19 -27).
STANDARDIZATION OF PROCESS SHEET INFORMATION TO SUPPORT AUTOMATED TRANSLATION OF ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS AND PRODUCT-PROCESS COUPLING

The design and manufacture of large scale systems, particularly automobiles, is a process that requires collaboration across multiple disciplines. This collaboration is facilitated through efficient and effective data and knowledge storage and transfer. Specifically, the data associated with the final assembly of the vehicle should be generated, organized, and distributed in such a manner that each user of the data is able to use it effectively. Furthermore, the structure for the assembly data should be robust and reliable such that it fosters consistency among various planners for multiple vehicle platforms that are assembled all around the world. This research aims to develop a centralized data structure for assembly planning information that will allow a global automotive production company to create, relate, and store the necessary information for the assembly of multiple vehicle platforms in various locations, performed by associates that speak multiple languages. This is achieved by first observing the existing business processes of the company and identifying which processes are crucial to the production of vehicles, which processes may be omitted, and what processes need to be added. A data model is developed around these processes that allows multiple users to interact with the data as applicable to his or her duties, and a user interface is developed to demonstrate these interactions. The prototype system is demonstrated and validated with respect to the requirements associated with the business processes that need to be accomplished and ease of use.
Middle Assyrian Glyptic from Tell Billa

The general character of the Middle Assyrian glyptic is well understood from the seal-impressions on the archives from Assur, Fakhariyah and Rimah. As a result of the work of Saporetti (1979) there is now a better dating of the Assyrian tablets than was available to the pioneers. Mayer-Opificius (1986) made useful progress on the chronology of the thirteenth century designs, and this has been further elaborated by the present writer (1990). There is at present no good evidence for geographical variations in the Assyrian seals, despite the wide spread of the material. This is in contrast to the chronological situation. The criteria for the thirteenth century are summarised here, but it is unnecessary to repeat the detailed arguments justifying them which are given in my former work. The thirteenth century is divided into three phases corresponding to the reigns of Adad-nirari I (1307–1275 B.C.), Shalmaneser I (1274–45 B.C.) and Tukulti-Ninurta I (1244–08 B.C.). This is partly for convenience and partly as a consequence of the form of Saporetti's book on the eponyms. When speaking of an “Adad-nirari” style I do not, therefore, mean to imply that such seals could not have been made in the adjacent reigns.
Quality of life and Indian Diabetes Risk Score are linked to heart rate variability in young individuals with prediabetes and diabetes in India

Background and Aim: Although diabetes is known to be associated with cardiac autonomic neuropathy and depressed quality of life (QoL) in terms of physical and psychological domains due to the disease duration and complications, till date no reports are available to show the link between QoL and Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) with cardiac autonomic neuropathy assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes without comorbidities. IDRS is known to predict cardiometabolic risks, neuropathy and future diabetes risk even in normoglycemic subjects. Hence, in this study, we have planned to assess the plausible link between QoL scale and IDRS with HRV in young Indian individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes and prediabetes. Methods: Among 328 (18–45 years) age-matched individuals, 78 were included as controls, 126 in prediabetes group, and 124 in newly diagnosed diabetes group. Subject's QoL and IDRS were assessed by questionnaires, and resting HRV were recorded. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin was estimated, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Independent association of ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power (LF: HF ratio) with other variables was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Results: HRV and QoL were significantly decreased; IDRS, FBG, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR were significantly increased in prediabetes and diabetes group compared to controls with an equal level of significance. Furthermore, these parameters showed significant difference that was more intense in diabetes group compared with prediabetes group. Conclusion: The association of sympathovagal imbalance in terms of LF: HF ratio with QoL and IDRS was found in Indian adults with prediabetes and diabetes even in the younger age without having any disease complications.
Computer-assisted language learning in EFL instruction at selected Saudi Arabian universities: Profiles of faculty

The study aimed to prepare a program based on standard levels of linguistic reception suitable for teachers of Arabic as a non-native speaker in the Comoros. This prompted the researcher to prepare a list of standard levels of linguistic reception - reading skills - that are suitable for non-Arabic speaking teachers in the Comoros, and a test to measure it. Where it was applied to a sample consisting of thirty teachers of Arabic speaking to others in the Comoros at the Institute for Teaching Arabic to Speakers of Others, in the capital of the Comoros, "Maroni" - north of the Greater Comoros Island -, and the study concluded the effectiveness of the proposed program in developing language production among Arabic language teachers. Other speakers in the Comoros.
Program analysis and optimization for machines with instruction cache

In modern processors, the performance of the memory hierarchy is crucial in determining the overall performance of a CPU. Among the most important factors in deciding the performance of a CPU is the cache performance, and particularly, the cache miss rate. Determining and improving the hit rate of a cache is one of the most important tasks undertaken by a computer designer. Exploring the set of alternative cache organization is quite expensive, since the designer has a large number of cache design parameters at his disposal, and because the primary technique used for evaluating caches, trace-driven simulation, is very expensive. Additionally, because of tradeoffs in a cache design, the maximum performance achievable with a pure hardware solution is limited. This thesis presents a model of instruction caches that accurately predicts instruction cache behavior using easily obtained profile information. The model provides information useful to memory hierarchy designers and to programmers interested in developing algorithms with improved instruction cache performance. In addition, an automatic optimizer is described that reduces the instruction cache miss rate by 80% for a set of 10 large Pascal programs with a 32KB direct-mapped instruction cache. The model can also be used by other compiler optimizations that affect instruction cache performance. In particular, a new method of procedure merging is described that attempts to find the best procedures to inline when instruction cache effects are included.
Ten Cate's Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function

1 Structure of the Oral Tissues Antonio Nanci 2 General Embryology Antonio Nanci, A.R. Ten Cate 3 Embryology of the Head, Face, and Oral Cavity Paul Sharpe, Stephane Roy, Antonio Nanci 4 Cytoskeleton, Junctions, and Fibroblasts Arthur R. Hand, A.R. Ten Cate 5 Development of the Tooth and Its Supporting Tissues Antonio Nanci, A.R. Ten Cate 6 Bone Antonio Nanci, S.W. Whitson, Paolo Bianco 7 Enamel: Composition, Formation, and Structure Antonio Nanci 8 Dentin-pulp Complex Antonio Nanci 9 The Periodontium Martha J. Somerman, Antonio Nanci 10 Physiologic Tooth Movement: Eruption and Shedding Antonio Nanci, A.R. Ten Cate 11 Salivary Glands Arthur R. Hand 12 Oral Mucosa Christopher A. Squier, Michael W. Finkelstein 13 Temporomandibular Joint Antonio Nanci, A.R. Ten Cate 14 Repair and Regeneration of Dental Tissues Antonio Nanci, A.R. Ten Cate