Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Single-Session Psychological Interventions (‘Debriefing’) following Trauma

Background: Single-session psychological interventions such as psychological debriefing have become widely used following traumatic events. The evidence for their effectiveness has been widely debated. This review aimed to consider the evidence for the effectiveness of one-off early interventions within 1 month of a traumatic event. Methods: A systematic review using the standard Cochrane Collaboration methodology. Literature searches of various databases were performed to identify randomised controlled trials. The methodological quality of the studies identified was determined using standard measures, and the results were pooled to consider the overall evidence for effectiveness. Results: Eleven randomised controlled trials were found, all of individual or couple interventions. Three studies associated the intervention with a positive outcome, 6 demonstrated no difference in outcome between intervention and non-intervention groups and 2 showed some negative outcomes in the intervention group (these studies had the longest follow-up periods). The methodological quality of the studies varied widely, but was generally poor. This review suggests that early optimism for brief early psychological interventions including debriefing was misplaced and that it should not be advocated for routine use. There remains an urgent need for randomised controlled trials of group debriefing and other early interventions.
TrzN from Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 Is a Zinc Amidohydrolase

ABSTRACT TrzN, the broad-specificity triazine hydrolase from Arthrobacter and Nocardioides spp. , is reportedly in the amidohydrolase superfamily of metalloenzymes, but previous studies suggested that a metal was not required for activity. To help resolve that conundrum, a double chaperone expression system was used to produce multimilligram quantities of functionally folded, recombinant TrzN. The TrzN obtained from Escherichia coli (trzN) cells cultured with increasing zinc in the growth medium showed corresponding increases in specific activity, and enzyme obtained from cells grown with 500 μM zinc showed maximum activity. Recombinant TrzN contained 1 mole of Zn per mole of TrzN subunit. Maximally active TrzN was not affected by supplementation with most metals nor by EDTA, consistent with previous observations (E. Topp, W. M. Mulbry, H. Zhu, S. M. Nour, and D. Cuppels, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:3134-3141, 2000) which had led to the conclusion that TrzN is not a metalloenzyme. Fully active native TrzN showed a loss of greater than 90% of enzyme activity and bound zinc when treated with the metal chelator 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid. While exogenously added zinc or cobalt restored activity to metal-depleted TrzN, cobalt supported lower activity than did zinc. Iron, manganese, nickel, and copper did not support TrzN activity. Both Zn- and Co-TrzN showed different relative activities with different s-triazine substrates. Co-TrzN showed a visible absorption spectrum characteristic of other members of the amidohydrolase superfamily replaced with cobalt.
The formation of consumer attitudes and intentions towards fast food restaurants: How do teenagers differ from adults?

Purpose – Past research showed that overly positive attitudes and intentions towards fast food contribute to obesity. In the face of rising childhood obesity, the purpose of this paper is to explore attitudinal and behavioral reasons behind adolescents' suboptimal food choices. It tests hypotheses about differences between teenagers and adults in customer attitudes and intentions regarding fast food restaurants.Design/methodology/approach – The hypotheses are tested with German survey data and moderated regression analysis.Findings – Teenagers do not underestimate the negative effects of fast food. However, their decision making fails to incorporate existing knowledge on competitive advantages and gives greater weight to customer satisfaction compared with adults. Behavioral differences between teenage and adult consumers result from differences in cognitive development rather than social pressure.Research limitations/implications – As this study uses subjective consumer data from Germany, future research.
The Modern Management of Epilepsy

'rns CONSJDERATIO:\ of the subject of the modern management of epilepsy is divisible into two principal sections. TIll" first of these deals with the question of diagnosis, and the second with the application of modern techniques, both surgical and medical, to the treatment of the underlying cause of the disorder. It should be said at the outset that there is an increasing ~endency among the more thoughtful authorIties to refer to these problems not in terms of epilepsy in the singular, but as the epilepsies, or C\"Cn more scientificallv as the cerebral dvs~'hythmias, By these 'tcnninological changes it is implied that there is in fact not one single c~)mplaint of epilepsy, but a series of comple.x disorders of differing origin and differing mamfestations, which have hitherto been grouped as a single amorphous entity. One maY,well recall that in the diagnostic evolution of the eczemata there was one phase in which 'the pox' included a bewildering agglomeration of skin disorders whose common presentation was a skin eruption. It was only later, with the caref~II differentiation of vario'us types of skin aflectIon, that the present clinical separation of these conditions was finally achieved. The question of epilepsy is now evolving in a similar fashion. We are becoming increasingly aware of the m:ed ftw differentiating conditions previously In:lllded under the single group heading of epilepsy'.
Effect of experimental Diphyllobothrium dendriticum infection on the blood leucocyte pattern of brown trout at two temperature levels

Leucocyte composition in the peripheral blood of brown trout Salmo trutta m. lacustris (L.) aged 1+ was studied in relation to Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda) infection at two temperature levels, heated about 15 °C and non-heated which decreased from 11 °C to 7 °C. Blood samples were taken from control and infected fish 12 weeks post infection. The D. dendriticum infection (1-6 per fish) had a significant increasing impact on lymphocyte and neutrophil counts at both temperature levels while thrombocytes were more numerous in control fish, particularly in non-heated water. The total leucocyte counts were not influenced by the D. dendriticum infection. The present water temperatures created differences only in thrombocyte and total leucocyte counts, which were increased in non-heated aquaria.
Prophylaxis of patent ductus arteriosus with ibuprofen in preterm infants

The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the prophylactic use of ibuprofen would reduce the incidence of significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and to confirm the effectiveness of ibuprofen as rescue treatment in closing PDA. Eighty preterm infants with gestational age less than 34 wk with infant respiratory distress syndrome (iRDS) were randomized to receive intravenous ibuprofen lysine (10 mg/kg, followed by 5 mg/kg after 24 and 48 h) either within 24 h of life (group A) or after echocardiographic diagnosis of PDA (group B). To evaluate the severity of RDS in each patient, we calculated the initial and highest values of Oxygenation Index (O.I. =mean airway pressure × FiO2 × 100 / PaO2) and Ventilatory Index (V.I. = O.I. × mechanical respiratory rate). Other studied variables were ventilatory support, renal function, biochemical and haematological profiles, frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). On the 3rd day of life, 8% (3/40) of patients of group A and 53% of patients (21/40) of group B (p < 0.0001) developed a significant PDA. Between patients of group B who presented PDA at 3 d of life 90% (19/21) had a closure of ductus arteriosus after ibuprofen treatment. Initial and highest values of O.I. and V.I. were similar in both groups A and B. No significant differences between the groups were observed in regard to respiratory support, renal function and frequency of BPD, IVH, NEC and ROP. Ibuprofen was not associated with adverse effects.
Impact of Employee Satisfaction on Success of Organization : Relation between Customer Experience and Employee Satisfaction

Employee satisfaction is considered weighty when it comes to define organizational success. Employee’s satisfaction is central concern particularly in the service industry. Need to enhance employee satisfaction is critical because it is a key to business success of any organization. In the present milieu, employee satisfaction has come under limelight due to stiff competition where organizations are trying to carve competitive advantage through the human factor. The purpose of this study is to observe the relationship between employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction and to examine the impact of both on organizational success. This study scrutinizes the effects of different factors of organization which affects the employee satisfaction. This is a cohort study in which qualitative research methodology was used. The data was collected through selfadministrated questionnaire which contains multiple choice questions and open-ended questions. Results of the principal component analysis (PCA) based on correlation matrix revealed a great deal of employees (hotel workers) satisfaction among surveyed cohorts where customers also had expressed satisfaction with existing services. Mainly environmental cleanliness, quality food and room services has played vital role in creating contentment and subsequent satisfaction among customers. From employee’s perspective, conducive working atmosphere coupled with incentives like salary and frequent trainings focused the employees to work with dedication to uplift the organization (hotels) which is reflected clearly by the satisfaction level of customers. Our study confirms indirect relation between organizational success and employee satisfaction which was mediated by customers. In conclusion, it seems reasonable to believe that understanding of employee role is extremely important as it appears key factor in the success of modern organization. Keywords– Employee’s Satisfaction, Organizational Success, Customer’s Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction
Standardized Self-Report Measures of Civilian Trauma and PTSD.

This chapter reviews 24 standardized self-report measures for traumatic stress that are suitable, with some modification, for use with adults by professional or lay interviewers or in paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Each scale is de­ scribed in terms of its content, number of items, and response formats and is evaluated in terms of the available evidence regarding its reliability and valid­ ity. We also describe the population or populations on whom the scale was validated. We note strengths and weaknesses but stop short of recommending one scale for all situations. In fact, our assumption is that different scales may be more or less suitable for different purposes in different contexts involving traumatic stress responses. Because measures of combat-related trauma are described elsewhere in this volume, this chapter focuses on scales that are suitable for studying civil­ ian trauma in clinical or community populations. These populations may in­ clude veterans of military service but are not limited to them. The measures described herein are those that either have been significant to this field histori­ cally or appear quite promising for future research. In deciding which scales warranted inclusion in this chapter, we relied heavily on the published litera­ ture and, to a lesser extent, on information gained from networking with in­ vestigators working in this area. The selected scales make up a reasonable cross-section of standardized self-report measures available in the field today. The scales reviewed here fall into two broad categories: seven that mea­ sure DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criterion A, or trauma his­
Objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour does not differ between children and adolescents with and without a congenital heart defect: a pilot examination

Abstract Objectives To objectively evaluate and describe physical activity levels in children with a stable congenital heart defect and compare those levels with children who do not have a congenital heart defect. Methods We matched 21 pairs of children for gender and grade in school and gave them an accelerometer-based motion sensor to wear for 7 consecutive days. Results Physical activity levels did not differ between children with and without a congenital heart defect. During the 7 days of monitoring, children in this study spent most of their time in sedentary behaviours, that is, 6.7 hours of the 13 monitored hours, 54 minutes in moderate-intensity physical activity, and 12 minutes in vigorous-intensity physical activity. Less than one-fifth of all participants, with or without a congenital heart defect, accumulated sufficient physical activity to meet current physical activity recommendations for children and adolescents. Conclusion Children with a stable congenital heart defect have activity behaviours that are similar to children without a congenital heart defect. Habitual physical activity in children with a congenital heart defect should be encouraged early on in life to develop strong physical activity habits that will hopefully follow them across their lifespan.
Improving Financial Inclusion Through Atms Installation Towards Sectorial Balance & Sustainability

This paper aims to improve the penetration of account holders in rural India for financial inclusion under the PradhanMantri Jan DhanYojana (PMJDY) by the mechanism of diversifying the already installed Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) which are underutilized in certain location of Urban area owing to less than optimum threshold of number of hits per day for sustainability & operation of ATMs resulting in huge financial loss to the bank and government infrastructure expenditure. Thus a mechanism has been devised to diversify the underutilized ATMs to such a location where installation of these ATM increases the convenience, confidence & penetration of account holders for people in rural India. Thus, different parameters of diversifying an ATM such as number of prospective account holders, potential area (location) and percentage of literacy rate were taken to analyze the installation of diversified machine which was earlier used in urban location resulting in identifying the optimum number and locations of ATM so as to ensure an equitable distribution of ATM within a geographic region in rural India.
Quantitative assessment of retinal thickness in diabetic patients with and without clinically significant macular edema using optical coherence tomography.

PURPOSE To assess patients with diabetic macular edema quantitatively using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS OCT was performed in 14 eyes with diabetic retinopathy and ophthalmoscopic evidence of clinically significant macular edema (CSME) and in 19 diabetic eyes without CSME. Retinal thickness was computed from the tomograms at fovea and other 36 locations throughout the macula. RESULTS The mean +/- standard deviation foveal thickness was 255.6 +/- 138.9 microm in eyes with CSME, and 174.6 +/- 38.2 microm in eyes without CSME (p = 0.051). Within 2000 microm of the center of the macula, eyes with CSME had significantly thicker retina in the inferior quadrant than those without CSME (p < 0.01). The foveal thickness was correlated with logMAR visual acuity (gamma = 0.68, p < 0.01). OCT identified sponge-like retinal swelling and/or cystoid macular edema in 11 (58%) eyes without CSME, and in 12 (86%) eyes with CSME. CONCLUSIONS Criteria of CSME seem to be insufficient in really identifying macular edema. OCT may be more sensitive than a clinical examination in assessing diabetic macular edema and is a quantitative tool for documenting changes in macular thickening.
Adherence to the WCRF/AICR for Women in Breast Cancer Adjuvant Treatment submitted to Educational Nutritional Intervention

ABSTRACT Patients undergoing breast cancer treatment are susceptible to changes in eating behavior and nutrition status, thus making nutrition education relevant. Based on the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) guide, with recommendations for cancer prevention released in 2007, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of educational nutritional intervention for women with breast cancer undergoing treatment while adhering to the 2007 WCRF/AICR guidelines. A nonrandomized clinical trial was conducted with a population composed of female patients, divided in intervention (IG, n = 18) and comparison (CG, n = 68) groups. Data were evaluated at baseline and after treatment/nutritional intervention. The IG participated in the intervention program for 12 mo by biweekly phone calls, personal meetings, and monthly handouts, while targeting the intake of at least 400 g/day of fruits and vegetables, and no more than 500 g/week of red or processed meats. The recommended adherence to physical activity and food intake was evaluated in compliance with the guidelines. The IG improved their adherence to the guidelines and there was a significant decrease in consumption of animal food (−43.9%) and alcoholic drinks (−0.2 g ethanol/d) and increase in plant food intake (+65.4%). Most women in both groups were sedentary and therefore violated the guidelines. The CG presented an increase in body mass index (+1.0 kg/m2) and waist circumference (+1.9 cm), while no change was observed in the IG. These findings are promising as nutritional intervention for women undergoing breast cancer treatment contributed positively to improving their adherence to the WCRF/AICR guidelines.
Diffusion processes in one dimension

in a finite or infinite interval r1<x<r2. Recently [2] the theory of semigroups of transformations was used to formulate the integration problem and to define the notion of lateral conditions. It will now be shown that the semi-groups constructed in [2] permit us to describe the totality of all stochastic processes connected with (1.1). To each there corresponds a forward, or Fokker-Planck, equation. It reduces only in simplest cases to the familiar "adjoint"
Experimental demonstration of a somatotopical origin of rubrospinal fibers in the cat

The present anatomical study was prompted by observations made previously by one of us in a physiological investigation of the red nucleus (Pompeiano, '57a). I n cats decerebrated at a precollicular level electrical stimulation with liminal stimuli (rectangular impulses 300/sec. for 1 msec., 0.15-0.25 V. ) constantly produced inhibition of the extensor tonus and active flexion in the contralateral foreand hindlimbs when the stimulating electrode was placed in the caudal half of the red nucleus. With somewhat stronger stimuli (0.25-0.30 V.) there was in addition an increase in extensor tonus in the homolateral limbs. With stimulus strengths of 0.10-0.15V. stimulation of points in the dorsal part of the red nucleus yielded flexion of the contralateral forelimb only. When the electrode was moved more ventrally stimulation resulted in foreand hindlimb flexion contralaterally, while a placement in the ventral region of the red nucleus gave flexion of the contralateral hindlimb only. These responses were present also in cats in which the cerebellum or the
[High risk groups in health behavior defined by clustering of smoking, alcohol, and exercise habits: National Heath and Nutrition Examination Survey].

OBJECTIVES We investigated the clustering of selected lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, lack of physical exercise) and identified the population characteristics associated with increasing lifestyle risks. METHODS Data on lifestyle risk factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and history of chronic diseases were obtained from 7,694 individuals >/=20 years of age who participated in the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Clustering of lifestyle risks involved the observed prevalence of multiple risks and those expected from marginal exposure prevalence of the three selected risk factors. Prevalence odds ratio was adopted as a measurement of clustering. Multiple correspondence analysis, Kendall tau correlation, Man-Whitney analysis, and ordinal logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify variables increasing lifestyle risks. RESULTS In both men and women, increased lifestyle risks were associated with clustering of: (1) cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and (2) smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and lack of physical exercise. Patterns of clustering for physical exercise were different from those for cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. The increased unhealthy clustering was found among men 20-64 years of age with mild or moderate stress, and among women 35-49 years of age who were never-married, with mild stress, and increased body mass index (>30 kg/m(2)). CONCLUSIONS Addressing a lack of physical exercise considering individual characteristics including gender, age, employment activity, and stress levels should be a focus of health promotion efforts.
The High-Frequency Effects of U.S. Macroeconomic Data Releases on Prices and Trading Activity in the Global Interdealer Foreign Exchange Market

We introduce a new high-frequency foreign exchange dataset from EBS (Electronic Broking Service) that includes trading volume in the global interdealer spot market, data not previously available to researchers. The data also gives live transactable quotes, rather than the indicative quotes that have been used in most previous high frequency foreign exchange analysis. We describe intraday volume and volatility patterns in euro-dollar and dollar-yen trading. We study the effects of scheduled U.S. macroeconomic data releases, first confirming the finding of recent literature that the conditional mean of the exchange rate responds very quickly to the unexpected component of data releases. We next study the effects of data releases on trading volumes. News releases cause volume to rise, and to remain elevated for a longer period. However, in contrast to the result for the level of the exchange rate, even if the data release is entirely in line with expectations, we find that there is still typically a large pickup in trading volume.