Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topical dutasteride with microneedling in treatment of male androgenetic alopecia

Introduction Male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in men. It accounts for more than 90% of all cases of alopecia in men . It occurs when genetically predisposed men are exposed to androgens. AGA may negatively affect patient’s quality of life and can lead to social and job-related problems . AGA can also cause indirect physical harm, such as sunburn as a result of hair loss and exposure to ultraviolet light . AGA may also be associated with increased incidence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and myocardial infarction . The only FDA approved therapies for treatment are limited to topical minoxidil and oral FIN with limited efficacy (40-60%) . As multiple factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of AGA and the existing conventional therapies (i.e. FIN and minoxidil) fail to target all of them; the demand for new treatment techniques for AGA is growing . Dutasteride (DST) is a dual 5αreductase inhibitor, with some reports about the use of oral DST in the treatment of AGA in men . Hesitancy about the widespread use of oral DST in the treatment of male AGA results from its potential side effects on erectile, ejaculatory functions and fertility . Mesotherapy using DST has been used in patients with AGA with promising results (8, . It is believed that systemic absorption after mesotherapy is equal to after oral DST because the scalp is highly vascular. So the possibility of using DST topically with scalp MN would have some advantages . Microneedling (MN) is a relatively new minimally invasive procedure involving superficial and controlled puncturing of the skin by rolling with miniature fine needles . The use of MN in combination with minoxidil showed promising results in treatment of AGA . Furthermore; the addition of MN to minoxidil and oral FIN improved AGA in patients who were resistant to minoxidil and oral FIN . To the best of our knowledge; the use of MN in combination with DST hasn`t been previously reported. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical DST with MN in treatment of male AGA. Patients and methods This prospective, randomized, clinical study was approved by Ethical and Research committees at Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University. An informed written consent was obtained from all participants. The study included 30 male patients complaining of progressive hair loss diagnosed as AGA attending at Dermatology outpatient clinics at Sohag University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University. Exclusion criteria ̋ Patients with other forms of alopecia including telogen effluvium, alopecia areata. ̋ Patients with dermatological or systemic illness known to cause diffuse hair loss (as thyroid disorders or anemia).
The Association between Diet Quality and Anxiety among Young Couples in Shiraz: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Mental disorders impose a significant health and economic burden on both developed and developing countries. The relationship between nutrition and mental disorders has become an important topic of interest in recent years. Therefore, identification of modifiable risk factors for anxiety is a serious and critical research imperative. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the “diet quality index international” (DQI-I) and anxiety as a major subject. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 194 men and women, who were randomly selected to perform the routine examinations before marriage. In this research, socio-demographic and anthropometric indicators, such a dietary intake1 and mental health were measured. To measure the former, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was applied and to determine the latter, a short version of the self-report depression, anxiety, and stress scale questionnaire (DASS-21) was used. Results: Univariate and multivariate linear regressions of anxiety and DQI score demonstrated significant association between DQI score and anxiety in all participants. A negative correlation was also seen between DQI score and anxiety in all participants. The anxiety scores reported for males and females did not introduce a significant difference. Adjustments for age, education, income, job, smoking, physical activity, and body mass index did not change the aforementioned associations. Conclusion: In this study, a significant association was observed between diet quality and the risk of mental disorders. The increase in DQI in participants caused a remarkable reduction in their level of anxiety. A healthy diet proved to be inversely associated with anxiety, while unhealthy dietary patterns were associated with increased risk of anxiety.
Genetics and Epigenetics of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex mental disorder, with a longstanding history of neurobiological investigation. It is more common in those persons who are genetically predisposed to the disorder. Since Kraepelin, psychiatrists were aware that the SCZ tended to run in families. Its heritability is up to 85%. Although the etiology of SCZ is unknown, it is now thought to be multifactorial, with multiple susceptibility genes interacting with environmental and developmental factors. There is a huge amount of genetic studies, including polymorphisms, expression, methylation, microRNAs, and epigenomics. However, identifying genes for SCZ using traditional genetic approaches has thus far proven quite difficult. Reasons for this include the complexity, heterogeneity, and comorbidity of this disorder, and also the poor definition of the clinical phenotype. Important approaches to find the relation between genotype and phenotype and may be causal genetic factors are endophenotypes and pathway analysis. However, genetic researchers need to consider carefully the models of causality they choose. There is a pathophysiological pathway that extends from genes, through proteins, neurons, neural circuits, neural regions, mental functions, external behaviors, and symptoms of SCZ. In this chapter, the genetics and epigenetics of SCZ are briefly discussed. 10q24.32-q24.33, and 18q21.2 with SCZ. The strongest finding was with a
Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between opium and amphetamine dependency with the serum melatonin levels in the presence of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD). Participants: Forty four male amphetamine-dependent and opium-dependent patients with CRSD and with more than one year substance dependency were enrolled in this study. Control group consisted of twelve healthy male
IL-17A Contributes to Lung Fibrosis in a Model of Chronic Pulmonary Graft-versus-host Disease.

BACKGROUND Chronic pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (cpGVHD) after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) manifests as progressive airway and parenchymal lung fibrosis. On the basis of our prior data, mice that undergo allogeneic HCT with Tbet-knockout donors (AlloTbet) have increased lung Th17 cells and IL-17A and develop fibrosis resembling human cpGVHD. The role of IL-17A in posttransplant pulmonary fibrosis remains incompletely understood. We hypothesized that IL-17A is necessary for development of murine cpGVHD in this model. METHODS AlloTbet mice received weekly intraperitoneal anti-IL-17A or IgG (200 μg/mouse) starting 2 weeks post-HCT and were sacrificed after week 5. Histologic airway and parenchymal fibrosis were semiquantitatively graded in a blinded fashion. Lung cells and proteins were measured by flow cytometry, ELISA, and multicytokine assays. RESULTS Anti-IL-17A modestly decreased airway and parenchymal lung fibrosis, along with a striking reduction in pulmonary neutrophilia, IL-6, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, CXCL1, and CXCL5 in AlloTbet mice. Additionally, anti-IL-17A decreased CCL2, inflammatory monocytes and macrophages, and Th17 cells. CONCLUSIONS In the setting of murine AlloHCT with Tbet donors, IL-17A blockade decreases fibrotic features of cpGVHD. This may be mediated by the observed reduction in neutrophils or specific lung monocyte and macrophage populations or alternatively via a direct effect on fibroblasts. Collectively, our results further suggest that anti-IL-17A strategies could prove useful in preventing alloimmune-driven fibrotic lung diseases.
Seroprevalence of Treponema pallidum Infection among Cohorts of Pregnant Women Attending a Selected Hospital at Northern Nigeria

Background: Syphilis is a multifaceted disease with serious implications for the pregnant women and the foetus. Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis has been a public health challenge for centuries. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among pregnant women are wide spread in the developing countries, and constitute a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Information regarding the prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women is scanty from the north-west zone of Nigeria. Aims: Evaluation of seroprevalence of Treponema pallidum infection among pregnant women attending a selected hospital at Northern Nigeria was carried out, with view to assess the socio-demographic data and predisposing factors of syphilis among the study population. Methods: Exactly 200 pregnant women, who attended antenatal clinic of the selected hospital at Northern Nigeria, from July to September, 2015 were screened for syphilis using syphilis rapid immunochromatographic test for in-vitro diagnostic technique. Patients’ demographic data and predisposing factors of syphilis were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Results: The result showed that 2.0% of the 200 pregnant women screened were positive. Based on age, individuals who were less than or equal 20 years had the highest prevalence of 4.1% followed by those who aged 21-30 with the prevalence of 1.1%. Family type and place of the study subjects were significantly associated with the disease (Fisher’s exact test = 0.014 and 0.008 respectively). Therefore associated risk factors were age, family type and place of residence. While, educational status, employment status, gestational age and blood transfusion were not significantly associated with syphilis in the study area. While seroprevalence of 4(5.7%) was recorded in polygamous individual; no positive case was recorded among those practicing monogamy. Urban dwellers were found to have a prevalence rate of 6.6% with no infection detected among the rural dwellers. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of syphilis among the study population was 2.0%. The disease is more prevalent among middle aged, rural dwelling and polygamous pregnant women. Hence in a bid to control syphilis infection, both partners should be evaluated and treated. This study has further provided information on the prevalence of Treponema pallidum infection among pregnant women at Northern Nigeria.
Attenuation Effects of Alpha-Pinene Inhalation on Mice with Dizocilpine-Induced Psychiatric-Like Behaviour

α-Pinene, an organic terpene compound found in coniferous trees, is used as a safe food additive and is contained in many essential oils. Moreover, some studies have shown that α-pinene suppresses neuronal activity. In this study, we investigated whether inhalation of α-pinene suppresses dizocilpine (MK-801-) induced schizophrenia-like behavioural abnormalities in mice. Mice inhaled α-pinene 1 h before the first MK-801 injection. Thirty minutes after MK-801 injection, the open field, spontaneous locomotor activity, elevated plus maze, Y-maze, tail suspension, hot plate, and grip strength tests were conducted as behavioural experiments. Inhalation of α-pinene suppressed the activity of mice in the spontaneous locomotor activity test and although it did not suppress the MK-801-induced increased locomotor activity in the open field test, it remarkably decreased the time that the mice remained in the central area. Inhalation of α-pinene suppressed the MK-801-induced increased total distance travelled in the Y-maze test, whereas it did not alter the MK-801-induced reduced threshold of antinociception in the hot plate test. In the tail suspension and grip strength tests, there was no effect on mouse behaviour by administration of MK-801 and inhalation of α-pinene. These results suggest that α-pinene acts to reduce MK-801-induced behavioural abnormalities resembling those seen in neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, both medicinal plants and essential oils containing α-pinene may have potential for therapeutic treatment of schizophrenia.
Biochemical parameters and Histomorphometric cardicac evaluation among Wistar rats treated with chia seed (Salvia hispnica L.): Experimental model

The advance of global economy affects developing countries that are facing a major public health problem. The prevalence of obesity triggers a series of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Several studies have suggested that the chia seed (Salvia hispânica L.) may be an alternative to combat NCDs, as it is rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). This research is an experimental work in which 24 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4), out of which G1 was the control group (ad libitum + saline); G2 received a hyperlipidic and hyperglycemic diet (HHD); G3 was given HHD + 0.2 g ground chia and G4 was given HHD + 0.4 g of ground chia, for 4 weeks. The objective was to evaluate biochemical parameters (total cholesterol (TC) and lipoproteins, triglyceride (TG), glucose, homocysteine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and histomorphometric of rats on a diet with chia seed, as well as to ascertain the safety of such treatment proposed evaluating its hepatotoxicity [aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)]. There was no decrease, however, in dyslipidemia parameters (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides) and glucose. The concomitant administration of chia to a hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic diet was not able to alter these parameters, however with regard to histomorphometric analysis, there was a significant result (p < 0.08) with regard to the thickness of the right ventricle (RV), which leads to a possible cardioprotective effect. Key words: Chia seed (Salvia hispânica L.), dyslipidemia, biochemical parameters.
Valve-in-Valve Challenges: How to Avoid Coronary Obstruction

Coronary obstruction is a rare but life-threatening complication in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Aortic valve-in-valve (VIV) procedures to treat failed surgical bioprosthesis is associated with ~6-fold higher risk for coronary obstruction in certain situations. The primary mechanism consists in the occlusion of the coronary ostium by the dislodged leaflet from the bioprosthesis after deployment of the transcatheter heart valve (THV), which most commonly occurs during the index procedure, but in up to 1/3 of cases a delayed presentation ensues. The clinical presentation consists of severe hypotension and ECG changes in most of the patients, with very high mortality rates. Therefore, pre-procedural multi-slice computed tomography is crucial for identifying high-risk features, such as low coronary heights, shallow sinuses of Valsalva, and short virtual THV to coronary ostial distance (VTC). Also, some models of surgical bioprosthesis present an increased risk for this dreadful complication. Preemptive protective strategies with coronary wiring, with or without placement of an undeployed stent, could mitigate the risks associated with this complication in high-risk patients, even though studies are lacking. This review aims to take a clinical perspective on the challenges in avoiding this complication during VIV procedures.
Evaluation of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

Aim: The aim of our study was to estimate the level of HbA1c in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). To determine any correlation between HbA1c, admission blood glucose (Random blood sugar), serum lipid profile among the cases and to evaluate the outcome during hospitalization. Study Design and Setting: Cohort study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Biochemistry and General Medicine including ICCU and Cardiology unit, RIMS, Imphal, between September 2015 to August 2017. Methodology: Data were collected from 98 patients admitted in Medicine ward who were diagnosed with ACS irrespective of their diabetes status and they were divided into three groups according to their HbA1c levels (<5.7%, 5.7-6.4%, > 6.5%). The blood samples collected by venipuncture were analyzed for HbA1c level, done by RANDOX HbA1c Rx series (latex agglutination inhibition assay), admission blood glucose (measured by Trinder’s method) and serum lipid profile (RANDOX enzymatic Endpoint Method Rx series). The data were analyzed using statistical tools like Chi Square test, Independent sample t test, Pearson’s Correlation, Fisher’s exact test through SPSS 21.0. Results: Majority of the patients were men (72.4%) & (27.6%) women and in the age group of 51-65 years. The mean age is 62.14 years. 54.1% of the ACS patients were already diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus whereas 45.9% were non-diabetic. Out of 98 patients, 60 had HbA1c level in the diabetic range (≥6.5%), 25 in the pre-diabetic range (5.7-6.4%) and the remaining 13 were within normal range (<5.7%). Admission blood glucose, total cholesterol and LDL were positively correlated with HbA1c value. Conclusion: The mortality of the ACS patients irrespective of diabetic status during hospitalization was associated with HbA1c value irrespective of diabetic status during hospitalization. However, it was not associated with thirty days mortality.
TOXICOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF LONG TERM EXPOSURE TO BENZENE IN BENZENE FILLING WORKERS, QASSIM REGION, KSA

Background: Benzene is the smallest and most stable aromatic hydrocarbon, used as an excellent solvent in various industries. Occupational exposure to benzene has been associated with various adverse health effects in humans. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the dermatoxic, hematotoxic, hepatoxic and nephrotoxic effects related to long term exposure to benzene in benzene filling workers. Materials and methods: 72 male patients attended at the dermatological clinic, Buraydah central hospital, Qassim region, KSA, seeking medical treatment, over one year (Jumada I 1433 – Jumada I 1434), were included in this study after an informed written consent. They were divided into two groups (GI & GII): 47 patients who are benzene filling workers in fueling station (GI) and 25 patients who already work in stations as overseers (GII). Full dermatological examination was done for all participants. Blood benzene level was determined by GC mass spectrometry method. Complete blood count (CBC), liver function and kidney function tests were examined. Results: Allergic ((34.04%) and fungal (19.15%) diseases were the most common diagnosed problems in GI with high benzene level (227.83 ± 10.32 ng/l) in comparison to GII (163.04 ± 26.48 ng/l). WBCs count, neutrophil count, monocyte count, lymphocyte count, eosinophil count and basophil count were significantly higher in GI in comparison to GII, (p 0.05). The mean value of (ALT) (65.12 ± 14.3) and (AST) (63.25 ± 15.1) in GI was significantly increased (p=0.046 and p=0.035 respectively) than the corresponding values in GII (41.40 ± 13.11 and 40.23 ± 16.5 respectively). No significant differences were obtained in urea and creatinine levels between the two groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that long term benzene exposure causes dermatotoxic effects that enhance incidence of skin diseases. Blood disorder and liver involvement in these workers are possible and full attention should be given in medical surveillance of benzene workers.
Effect of multidimensional intervention on improving adherence of thalassemic children to iron chelation therapy

Background: Thalassemic patients’ survival is closely linked to the quality of blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy. Non-adherence to chelation therapy severely compromises patient health, quality of life and survival. Aim of the study: Was to evaluate the effect of multidimensional intervention on improving adherence of thalassemic children to iron chelation therapy. Subject and method: Research design: A quasi experimental (pre-post) design was used. Setting: Pediatric Hematology Outpatient Clinic at Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt. Subjects: A purposive sample of 50 thalassemic children. Tools of data collection: Three tools were used to collect the necessary data included; a structured interview questionnaire, Morisky 8-Item Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), and Chelation Therapy Management Form. Results: It was found that thalassemic children’ adherence to iron chelation therapy and their serum ferritin levels were significantly improved after implementation of the multidimensional intervention (P=0.001). Conclusion: The multidimensional intervention improved thalassemic children’ adherence to iron chelation therapy. Recommendations: multifaceted/ multidimensional interventions tailored to individual patients’ needs, will be helpful in managing medication adherence issues
Retrospective analysis of an intraoperative aberrometry database: a study investigating absolute prediction in eyes implanted with low cylinder power toric intraocular lenses

Purpose To evaluate the spherical equivalent outcomes of intraoperative aberrometry (IA) power calculations compared with the surgeons’ preoperative power calculations in eyes implanted with AcrySof® IQ T3 intraocular lenses (IOLs). Patients and methods We assessed data collected by an IA system from multiple centers in the United States. Data was from patients who had undergone cataract extraction by phacoemulsification with the use of the Optiwave Refractive Analysis System and whose eyes had been implanted with model SN6AT3 (1.5 diopter [D] at IOL plane) aspheric lenses. The analysis was performed in 2 stages: hypothesis generation and confirmatory testing. Confirmatory endpoints were a comparison of absolute prediction errors for IA for the implanted IOL versus preoperative formula power calculations. Design Retrospective analysis of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data concerning eyes implanted with model SN6AT3 (1.5 D) aspheric lenses from the AnalyzOR™ database. Results Mean absolute IA prediction error was significantly lower than preoperative prediction error (paired difference: −0.06 D; p<0.0001); this was mirrored by the median paired difference of −0.04 D (p<0.0001). For eyes where the power of the implanted IOL differed from the power of the preoperatively planned lens, mean and median paired differences in prediction errors were greater: −0.13 D (p<0.0001) and −0.15 D (p<0.0001), respectively. The percentage of eyes with prediction error ≤0.50 D was significantly higher with IA (83.4%, n=5388/6460) than with the preoperative formula (76.5%, n=4942/6460, p<0.0001). When the powers of the implanted IOL and the preoperatively planned lens were different, the percentage of eyes with prediction error ≤0.50 D was 83.3% (2155/2587) for IA and 68.8% (1781/2587, p<0.0001) for the preoperative formula. Conclusion IA produces more accurate spherical equivalent outcomes for eyes implanted with a low toric IOL than the preoperative formulas.