Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The combination of magnesium sulphate and nifedipine: a cause of neuromuscular blockade

pituitary was completely desensitised. Alternatively, the GnRHa could have been given in the early follicular phase with resulting supraphysiological oestrogen levels overcoming the pituitary desensitisation. This is the first report of multiple pregnancy occurring following initiation of treatment for endometriosis with a depot GnRHa. This unfortunate complication clearly emphasises the importance of establishing the date of the last menstrual period before commencing GnRHa treatment and underlines the need for contraception if treatment is commenced in the follicular phase. Finally, with reports of pregnancies occurring with luteal phase administration (Martinez e l al. 1988; Isherwood et al. 1990) as with danazol for the treatment of endometriosis, we should ensure that nonhormonal methods of contraception are advised throughout treatment, no matter where in the menstrual cycle the initial dose of GnRHa is given.
Causes, effects and remedies of errors in Nigerian construction documents

676 Errors entail different meanings and usages depending on how it is conceptualized. The purpose of this paper is to determine the causes, effects and remedies of the errors in Nigerian construction documents. A structured questionnaire was administered on ninety consultants (Builders, architects, engineers and quantity surveyors) obtained from regulatory bodies of each profession. Forty four questionnaires were returned and this gives a response rate of 49%. The findings of the research show that clients are the major stakeholders responsible for the generation of errors in Nigerian construction documents. The causes of the errors are lack of adequate documentation, poor communication, negligence and changes to specifications among others and the effects on construction projects include project abandonment, delays, rework, dissatisfaction by project owners and lack of confidence in project consultants. The suggested solutions include provision of comprehensive information, good communication among project teams, effective and efficient project management, constructability, design review management and adequate financial provision. The study recommends that clients should allow adequate time for the preparation of construction documents and adopt appropriate procurement method. The designers were advised to engage in partnering while preparing construction documents. Causes, effects and remedies of errors in Nigerian construction documents
Analysis of early hypertension and clinical outcome with bevacizumab: results from seven phase III studies.

BACKGROUND Hypertension is associated with antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment, but the clinical implications of hypertension are uncertain. To assess the prognostic and predictive value of bevacizumab-related hypertension, a comprehensive analysis of whether hypertension and efficacy outcomes are associated was conducted on seven company-sponsored placebo-controlled phase III studies of bevacizumab. METHODS Patient-specific data were available from 6,486 patients with metastatic colorectal, breast, non-small cell lung, pancreatic, and renal cell cancers. Primary hypertension endpoint was a blood pressure (BP) increase of >20 mmHg systolic or >10 mmHg diastolic within the first 60 days of treatment. Additional endpoints included other predefined thresholds of change in BP and severity of hypertension graded using the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. To analyze the general prognostic importance of an early BP increase, multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess the correlation between BP changes and progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes in the control groups. To analyze whether early BP increases could predict for benefit from bevacizumab, similar analyses were conducted in the bevacizumab-treated and control groups. RESULTS In six of seven studies, early BP increase was neither predictive of clinical benefit from bevacizumab nor prognostic for the course of the disease. For study AVF2107g, early increased BP was associated with longer PFS and OS times in the bevacizumab group but shorter OS time in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Early treatment-related BP increases do not predict clinical benefit from bevacizumab based on PFS or OS outcomes. BP increases do not appear to have general prognostic importance for patients with advanced cancer.
Stress and strain in the mandibular symphysis of primates: a test of competing hypotheses.

The primary purpose of this study was to test various hypotheses about symphyseal stress in primates. First, those patterns of symphyseal strain that would be associated with various hypothetical patterns of symphyseal stress were formulated. Then these hypothetical patterns of stress and strain were tested by comparing the formulated bone strain pattern with actual in vivo symphyseal bone strain patterns. Patterns of in vivo symphyseal bone strain were determined by bonding rosette and/or single-element strain gages to the midline of the middle and lower third of the labial aspect of the symphysis of six adult Macaca fascicularis. Following recovery from the anesthetic, bone strain was recorded during mastication, incision, and isometric biting. Symphyseal bone strain was also recorded during yawning, licking, and threat behaviors. The data suggest that during the power stroke of mastication, the macaque symphysis is predominately sheared dorsoventrally and/or twisted about a transverse axis and bent by lateral transverse bending of the mandibular corpora. During lateral transverse bending of the mandibular corpora, the labial aspect of the macaque symphysis experiences compressive bending stress, while the lingual aspect experiences tensile bending stress. During the opening stroke of mastication and during other jaw opening behaviors, the macaque symphysis is bent by medial transverse bending of the mandibular corpora. At this time the labial aspect of the symphysis experiences tensile bending stress, while its lingual aspect experiences compressive bending stress. During both the power and opening strokes of mastication, the macaque mandible is bent in the plane of its curvature, and therefore the mandible acts as a curved beam. This is important because it results in elevated levels of stress along the lingual aspect of the macaque symphysis, particularly during the power stroke of mastication. During the power stroke of incision, the local effects of the bite force are unknown; however, at this time the lower half of the macaque symphysis is both sheared dorsoventrally and bent due to twisting of the mandibular corpora about their long axes. The results of this stress analysis have implications for understanding the mechanical attributes of symphyseal structure. In order to counter dorsoventral shear, the most important symphyseal attribute is to have adequate cross-sectional area of bone in the plane of the applied stress. In contrast, both the cross-sectional area of bone and symphyseal shape is important in order to counter stress effectively during symphyseal torsion and the three symphyseal bending regimes. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The ultrastructural effects and immunolocalisation of fumonisin B1 on cultured oesophageal cancer cells (SNO)

Numerous investigations have shown that fumonisin B1 (FB1 )i s the causal agent in a range of animal toxicities, including leucoencephalomalacia, pulmonary oedema and renal and hepatic cancer in rats and mice. Fumonisin B1 has also been implicated in the aetiology of oesophageal cancer in South Africa. Human data are lacking, however, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has accordingly classified this mycotoxin as a Type 2B carcinogen. This study investigated the ultrastructural effects of FB1 cytotoxicity on a human oesophageal carcinoma cell line (SNO). The pathological changes induced by FB1 were determined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Immunocytochemistry was used to immunolocalise FB1 (monoclonal anti-FB1) within the cells. The results showed marked pathological changes that included enlargement or microsegregation of the nucleus, microsegregation of the nucleolus, and swelling and elongation of mitochondria, as well as signs of membrane damage. These cytotoxic effects were associated with the action of FB1, since the toxin was internalised in nuclei, mitochondria and the cytoplasm of affected cells. This study shows that FB1 may exert its biological effects in SNO cells through binding to cellular macromolecules or membrane components within the affected organelles. : oesophageal cancer, fumonisin B1, cell culture, immunocytochemistry
Blue light-induced apoptosis of A2E-containing RPE: involvement of caspase-3 and protection by Bcl-2.

PURPOSE The lipofuscin fluorophore A2E has been shown to mediate blue light-induced damage to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate caspase-3 and Bcl-2 as executor and modulator, respectively, of the cell death program that is initiated in A2E-containing cells in response to blue light. METHODS Human RPE cells (ARPE-19) that had accumulated A2E were exposed to blue light. Caspase-3 activity was assayed by observing cleavage of a fluorogenic peptide substrate, and the effect of a peptide inhibitor of caspase-3 (Z-DEVD-fmk) on the quantity of apoptotic nuclei was determined. ARPE-19 cells were transfected with either a neomycin-selectable expression vector containing Bcl-2 cDNA or a control neomycin-selectable expression vector without Bcl-2 cDNA. Expression of Bcl-2 transcripts by independently derived clones was established by in situ hybridization, and Bcl-2 protein expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Cell viability was assayed by TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL) in conjunction with 4'6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and by fluorescence staining of the nuclei of membrane-compromised cells. RESULTS In RPE cells that had previously accumulated A2E, caspase-3 activity was detected within 5 hours of blue light exposure. The incidence of apoptotic nuclei was attenuated when A2E-containing RPE cells were exposed to blue light in the presence of caspase-3 inhibitor and in A2E-loaded RPE cells that had been stably transfected with Bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS Blue light illumination of RPE in the setting of intracellular A2E initiates a cell death program that is executed by a proteolytic caspase cascade and that is regulated by Bcl-2.
Durability of extensive Class II open-sandwich restorations with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement after 6 years.

PURPOSE To evaluate the durability of a modified open-sandwich restoration utilizing a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in large cavities. METHODS 268, mostly extensive, Class II Vitremer/Z100 restorations were placed in 151 patients. 47% of the restorations were placed in patients considered as caries-risk patients. Six experimental groups, differing from each other in thickness of RMGIC layer and preconditioning, were evaluated at baseline and annually during 6-7 years according to modified USPHS criteria. RESULTS After 6 years, 220 restorations were evaluated. 42 failures (19%) were observed. The most frequent reasons for failure were material fracture (n = 11), tooth fractures (n = 9) and secondary caries (n = 10). Non-acceptable proximal dissolution of the RMGIC was seen in six restorations. Significantly more failures, but similar dissolution of the RMGIC, were recorded in high caries risk patients. No differences were seen between the experimental groups or between restorations with thick or thin RMGIC layer. 160 restorations were also evaluated at 7 years. Another 13 failures were observed, eight with non-acceptable dissolution, three secondary caries and two fractures. It can be concluded that the modified open sandwich restoration showed an acceptable durability for the extensive restorations evaluated. An accelerating dissolution of the RMGIC was observed at the end of the study.
Epstein-Barr Virus, Lymphoma Risk and the Potential Role of HIV Infection in IBD Patients Undergoing Immunosuppression

For decades, lymphoma has been considered a dreaded and untoward complication of autoimmune disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Yet until recently, the data linking inflammatory bowel disease with an increased risk for lymphoma has been equivocal. With the publication of the CESAME trial in 2009, a greater understanding of lymphoma risk has begun to emerge. In this Falk Symposium paper, I discuss the available data from studies that interrogated the relationship between lymphoma and IBD, thiopurines and TNFα-directed agents. While recent data has clarified some aspects of lymphoma epidemiology in patients with IBD, causality and the mechanisms that underlie it remain very poorly understood.
Temperature-Dependent Characterization of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs: Thermal and Source/Drain Resistances

This paper shows the application of simple dc techniques to the temperature-dependent characterization of AlGaN/ GaN HEMTs in terms of the following: 1) thermal resistance and 2) ohmic series resistance (at low drain bias). Despite their simplicity, these measurement techniques are shown to give valuable information about the device behavior over a wide range of ambient/channel temperatures. The experimental results are validated by comparison with independent measurements and numerical simulations.
Relation of predicted to actual hypnotic responsiveness, with special reference to posthypnotic amnesia.

Abstract Prior to receiving the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A) of Shor & E. Orne (1962), 423 naive volunteer Ss were asked to predict their behavioral response to each of the 12 constituent HCSHS: A suggestions. Another 418 Ss made no prior predictions. The relationships between predicted and actual hypnotic responsiveness were significant for HGSHS:A as a whole (r = .34) and for many of the individual items (though all r < .22). Ss who received prior information concerning the contents of HGSHS:A scored significantly lower than those Ss who were uninformed. This difference was apparent for 9 of the 12 individual HGSHS:A items (all p < .Ol), although it was most apparent for the posthypnotic amnesia suggestion. Although Ss' expectations are significant determinants of hypnotic responsiveness, there is also considerable surprise and disappointment on their part. Implications of the results for the distinction between aptitude and attitude contributions to hypnotic responsi.
Group Reputation Supports Beneficent Norms: A Case of 'Them' and 'Us'

This paper demonstrates the role of group normative reputation in the promotion of an aggression reducing possession norm in an artificial society. A previous model of normative reputation is extended such that agents are given the cognitive capacity to categorise other agents as members of a group. In the previous model reputational information was communicated between agents concerning individuals. In the model presented here reputations are projected onto whole groups of agents (a form of "stereotyping"). By stereotyping, norm followers outperform cheaters (who do not follow the norm) under certain conditions. Stereotyping, by increasing the domain of applicability of a piece of reputational information, allows agents to make informed decisions concerning interactions with agents which no other agent has previously met. However, if conditions are not conducive, stereotyping can completely negate norm following behaviour. Group reputation can be a powerful mechanism, therefore, for the promotion of beneficent norms under the right conditions.
Types of Occurrence of Nontronite and Nontronite-like Minerals in Soils

NONTRONITE, the iron-rich dioctahedral mineral of the montmorillonite group, is rarely found in soils. A number of montmorillonite clays having a high content of iron oxide have been found in subsoils. These occurrences are located at Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; Waipata, South Island, New Zealand; Molumolu, Fiji; and at a number of sites in the Hawaiian Islands. These clays occur as relatively pure mineral aggregates and therefore are well segregated from their matrix. The type of occurrence provided material of homogeneous chemical and mineral compositions. The iron oxide content of these clays ranged from 9 to 32 per cent and indicates a wide range of iron substitution in the octahedral position. These clays occur under a wide range of climatic conditions, as evidenced by rainfall variation of 13 to 120 inches per year. Likewise, they occur in both early and late stages of weathering and, because of that, they occur in different mineral associations of primary minerals, other 2: 1 clays, kaolin, iron oxides, and bauxite. The purpose of this report is to describe the mode of the occurrence of these clays, the climatic environment, the weathering stage and mineral association, and their chemical and mineral composition. The occurrence of nontronite in weathering basalt has been described by Allen and Schied (1946) in Washington. These nontronites are dioctahedral montmorillonite clays in which there is a full substitution of iron in the octahedral position. There is a similarity in the oc-
Hop Bract Polyphenols Reduced Three-day Dental Plaque Regrowth

Previous research has shown the inhibitory effects of hop bract polyphenols (HBP) on cariogenic streptococci in vitro, but their effects in humans have not been investigated. This double-blind, crossover clinical study tested the hypothesis that HBP delivered in a mouthrinse suppresses plaque regrowth in humans. Twenty-nine healthy male volunteers had all plaque removed, and refrained from all oral hygiene for 3 days, except for rinsing with a mouthrinse containing 0.1% HBP or a placebo. The results showed that the mean amount of plaque assessed by the Patient Hygiene Performance score after the volunteers used the HBP mouthrinse was significantly less than that after they used the placebo (p < 0.001). The number of mutans streptococci in the plaque samples after volunteers used the HBP mouthrinse was significantly lower than that after they used the placebo (p < 0.05). These findings suggested that HBP, delivered in a mouthrinse, successfully reduced dental plaque regrowth in humans.
Failure to Redose Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Long Surgery Increases Risk of Surgical Site Infection.

BACKGROUND Antibiotic prophylaxis is a key component of the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI). Failure to manage antibiotic prophylaxis effectively may increase the risk of SSI. This study aimed to examine the effects of antibiotic prophylaxis on SSI risk. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients having general surgery between May 2012 and June 2015 at the University of Washington Medical Center. Peri-operative data extracted from hospital databases included patient and operation characteristics, intra-operative medication and fluid administration, and survival outcome. The effects of antibiotic prophylaxis and potential factors on SSI risk were estimated using multiple logistic regression and were expressed as risk ratios (RRs). RESULTS A total of 4,078 patients were eligible for analysis. Of these, 180 had an SSI. Mortality rates within and after 30 days were 0.8% and 0.3%, respectively. Improper antibiotic redosing increased the risk of SSI (RR 4.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33-15.91). Other risk factors were in-patient status (RR 4.05; 95% CI 1.69-9.66), smoking (RR 1.63; 95% CI 1.03-2.55), emergency surgery (RR 1.97; 95% CI 1.26-3.08), colectomy (RR 3.31; 95% CI 1.19-9.23), pancreatectomy (RR 4.52; 95% CI 1.53-13.39), proctectomy (RR 5.02; 95% CI 1.72-14.67), small bowel surgery (RR 6.16; 95% CI 2.13-17.79), intra-operative blood transfusion >500 mL (RR 2.76; 95% CI 1.45-5.26), and multiple procedures (RR 1.40; 95% CI 1.01-1.95). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that failure to redose prophylactic antibiotic during long operations increases the risk of SSI. Strengthening a collaborative surgical quality improvement program may help to eradicate this risk.
Non-AIDS–Defining Cancers in New Orleans

Background: Non-AIDS–defining cancers in HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era have increased. To our knowledge a comprehensive review of non-AIDS–related malignancies in New Orleans has not yet been conducted. Methods: Databases from main institutions in New Orleans were queried retrospectively for the years 2001 to 2011. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes were used to search for HIV infection and cancer comorbidity. Results: A total of 16 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer (mean age 50 years) with 81% of the patients presenting with advanced stages. In all, 20 (mean age 47 years) were diagnosed with anal cancer, and 35% presented in late stages. In all, 14 patients (mean age 42 years) were diagnosed with Hodgkin Lymphoma, and 64% were diagnosed at late stage. A total of 5 women (mean age 44 years) were diagnosed with breast cancer with 40% of them presenting at late stage. Conclusion: Malignancies were diagnosed at late stages in the majority of the cases, presented with worse outcomes, and had higher recurrence rates. The role of HIV and other viruses (Epstein Barr virus, human papillomavirus) and the potential mechanisms or pathways of oncogene activation also need to be clarified.
Obesity and risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: A meta‐analysis

Obesity is associated with altered immune and inflammatory responses and it may therefore influence the risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, epidemiologic findings on obesity in relation to non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma have been inconsistent. We conducted a meta‐analysis to summarize the epidemiologic evidence on the association between excess body weight and risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Relevant studies were identified by searching MEDLINE (1966 to February 2007) and the reference lists of retrieved publications. We included cohort and case–control studies that reported relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of body mass index (BMI) with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence or mortality. A random‐effects model was used to combine results from individual studies. Sixteen studies (10 cohorts and 6 case–control studies), with 21,720 cases, met the inclusion criteria. Compared to individuals of normal weight (BMI < 25.0 kg/m2), the summary RRs of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma were 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01–1.14) for overweight individuals (BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m2) and 1.20 (95% CI, 1.07–1.34) for those who were obese (BMI ≥≥≥≥ 30.0 kg/m2). Meta‐analysis stratified by histologic subtypes showed that obesity was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18–1.66; n = 6 studies) but not of follicular lymphoma (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.82–1.47; n = 6 studies) or small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.76–1.20; n = 3 studies). These findings indicate that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, especially of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.