Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new, high‐resolution digital elevation model of Greenland fully validated with airborne laser altimeter data

A new digital elevation model of the Greenland ice sheet and surrounding rock outcrops has been produced at 1-km postings from a comprehensive suite of satellite remote sensing and cartographic data sets. Height data over the ice sheet were mainly from ERS-1 and Geosat radar altimetry. These data were corrected for a slope-dependent bias that had been identified in a previous study. The radar altimetry was supplemented with stereophotogrammetric data sets, synthetic aperture radar interferometry, and digitized cartographic maps over regions of bare rock and where gaps in the satellite altimeter coverage existed. The data were interpolated onto a regular grid with a spacing of ∼1 km. The accuracy of the resultant digital elevation model over the ice sheet was assessed using independent and spatially extensive measurements from an airborne laser altimeter that had an accuracy of between 10 and 12 cm. In a comparison with the laser altimetry the digital elevation model was found to have a slope-dependent accuracy ranging from −1.04±1.98 m to −0.06±14.33 m over the ice sheet for a slope range of 0.0–1.0°. The mean accuracy over the whole ice sheet was −0.33±6.97 m. Over the bare rock areas the accuracy ranged from 20 to 200 m, dependent on the data source available. The new digital elevation model was used as an input data set for a positive degree day model of ablation. The new elevation model was found to reduce ablation by only 2% compared with using an older, 2.5-km resolution model, which suggests that resolution-induced errors in estimating ablation are no longer important.
Computerized analysis of fetal heart rate variability using the matching pursuit technique as an indicator of fetal hypoxia during labor

Objective. To determine whether the computerized analysis of fetal heart rate variability with the new matching pursuit technique can indicate fetal distress during labor. Study design. Eighty women were studied during the intrapartum period with external cardiotocography. In all cases, cord arterial pH and 5-min Apgar Scores were evaluated. Six cases that presented large segments of missing data were excluded from the study. The remaining 74 women were divided into two groups; 32 women with normal (Group A) and 42 women with non-reassuring FHR tracings (group B). Group B was divided in subgroup BI, including 24 women with pH > 7.20, and BII, including 18 women with pH < 7.20. In order to evaluate the FHR fluctuations, in different frequency ranges, we applied an adaptive time-frequency method, called Matching Pursuit. We estimated the power of the FHR signal in four frequency ranges. Results. The 5-min Apgar Scores were significantly lower in both subgroup BI and subgroup BII (p = 0.003 and p = 0.003 respectively). The Low Low Frequency (LLF) parameter appears to recognize better the cases with lower pH (sensitivity 78.5%, specificity 52.3%) than the cases with non-reassuring FHR (66.6%, 56.2). The sensitivity and specificity of the Very Low Frequency (VLF) parameter were 72.2% and 59% respectively in recognizing the cases with lower pH and 64.2% and 53.1% in recognizing non-reassuring FHR. Conclusion. Fetal hypoxia during labor can be recognized using the MP technique for the analysis of FHR signal power in the VLF and LLF frequency ranges. Since the analysis is feasible in real-time, it can be a useful tool for the intrapartum evaluation of fetal well-being.
A multi-microbe probiotic formulation processed at low and high drying temperatures: effects on growth performance, nutrient retention and caecal microbiology of broilers

1. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate a multi-microbe probiotic formulation processed at low (LT) or high (HT) drying temperature. 2. In both the experiments, 640 d-old Ross male chicks were randomly allotted to 4 treatments on the basis of initial BW for 35 d experiments. 3. In experiment one, dietary treatments were a negative control (NC; basal diet without any antimicrobial); positive control (PC; basal diet +10 mg/kg avilamycin); basal diet with 0·3% probiotic LT; and basal diet with 0·3% probiotic HT. 4. Improved overall weight gain, FCR and retention of CP were observed in birds fed the PC and probiotic diets when compared with birds fed the NC diet. At d 21, birds fed the probiotic and NC diets had more caecal Bifidobacterium and total anaerobes than birds fed the PC diet; while birds fed the PC and probiotic diets had fewer caecal Clostridium than birds fed the NC diet at d 35. 5. In experiment two, a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed to evaluate the effects of two concentrations of probiotic HT (0·30 or 0·60%) and avilamycin (0 or 10 mg/kg). 6. Birds fed the 0·60% probiotic HT diet showed improved overall weight gain and CP retention, higher Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the caecum, and reduced Clostridium and coliforms in the caecum. Inclusion of avilamycin improved the overall weight gain and feed intake, and reduced the caecal Clostridium and Bifidobacterium population. 7. In conclusion, high drying temperature had no effect on the efficacy of the multi-microbe probiotic formulation; while the probiotic HT formulation was more effective at the 0·60% level. Moreover, inclusion of avilamycin improved performance of birds but did not have any interaction with probiotics.
Coffee consumption and the risk of incident gastric cancer—A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

ABSTRACT As several epidemiological studies on the association of coffee consumption with gastric cancer risk have produced inconsistent results, this meta-analysis was designed to synthesize current evidence of this potential relationship. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to September 2014 to retrieve relevant articles. Prospective cohort studies were included if the relative risks (RRs) or hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for gastric cancer according to coffee consumption were reported. Fixed- or random-effects models were used based on heterogeneity. The search yielded 13 eligible cohort studies of 3484 incident gastric cancer patients from among 1,324,559 participants. A significantly increased risk was found between gastric cardia cancer and coffee consumption (RR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.09–2.07). Compared with Europeans (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.86–1.46) and Asians (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.72–1.27), Americans (RR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06–1.74) demonstrated a significantly positive association. However, the significant differences of the pooled results vanished after adjusting for smoking or body mass index. Our meta-analysis results suggest that a high level of coffee consumption is a risk factor for gastric cancer. However, these results should not be overinterpreted because residual confounding effects of other factors could exist.
The effect of clamping the indwelling urinary catheter before removal in cervical cancer patients after radical hysterectomy

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of clamping the indwelling urinary catheter before its removal on bladder reconditioning in patients with cervical cancer after radical hysterectomy. BACKGROUND It is suggested that indwelling urinary catheters should be clamped intermittently to fill the bladder and restore bladder function before removal. However, indwelling urinary catheter clamping showed no effect on bladder reconditioning according to some clinical studies. DESIGN Randomised controlled study. METHODS A total of 210 patients with cervical cancer after type C radical hysterectomy were randomised on 1:2 into two groups. In the clamping group, indwelling urinary catheters were clamped intermittently for 48 hours before removal based on a bladder-training sheet, while in the control group, the indwelling urinary catheters were removed without clamping. The primary outcome of the study was the rate of recatheterisation. The secondary outcomes included residual urine volume 24 hours after removal, incidence of urinary tract infection and duration of recatheterisation. RESULTS Seventy patients were assigned to the clamping group and 128 to the control group with paralleled baseline characteristics. The days of the primary catheterisation (13·20 ± 0·79 vs. 13·38 ± 1·04) and the incidence of urinary tract infection (22·9% vs. 20·3%) had no significant differences between the two groups. Ten patients in the clamping group and 19 in the control group underwent recatheterisation, the incidence of which showed no significant difference (14·3% vs. 14·8%). The days of recatheterisation were not statistically different between the two groups (11·40 ± 6·75 vs. 9·42 ± 5·23). However, the residual urine volume 24 hours after removal was higher in the clamping group than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Bladder recondition through indwelling urinary catheter clamping may not restore bladder function in patients after radical hysterectomy. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE As indwelling urinary catheter clamping may increase the residual urine volume after indwelling urinary catheter removal and lead to an increased nursing workload, it should not be recommended in patients with cervical cancer postoperatively.
Correlation of histopathology with other prognostic indicators in Hodgkin's disease

The Rye Conference histologic classification of Hodgkin's disease has been applied retrospectively to a series of 176 previously untreated cases of Hodgkin's disease. Three different pathologists independently and unanimously agreed in two‐thirds of the cases on assignment of cases to one of the four categories: lymphocyte predominance, nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, and lymphocyte depletion. The classification was found to be effective in predicting prognosis even within clinical staging groups. Nodular sclerosis emerges as the largest histologic group and has a favorable prognosis. The usual manner of spread in Hodgkin's disease was to adjacent lymph node groups. Noncontiguous dissemination, when it occurred, was more than twice as frequent in the mixed cellularity and lymphocyte depletion types, compared to nodular sclerosis. Nodular sclerosis involving lung has shown a favorable prognosis, unlike mixed cellularity. Survival appears to be increased in all histologic categories after intensive wide‐field megavoltage radiotherapy.
Novel Insights Into TRPM7 Function in Fibrotic Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Target

“Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are cellular sensors for a wide spectrum of physical and chemical stimuli. Activation of TRP channels changes the membrane potential, translocates important signaling ions crossing the cell membrane, alters enzymatic activity, and initiates endocytosis/exocytosis (Zheng, 2013). ” Fibrosis is the leading cause of organ dysfunction in diseases, which is characterized by an imbalance in the turnover of extracellular matrix components. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that TRPM7, a member of TRP channels superfamily, participates in the development and pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases, such as hepatic, pulmonary and cardiac fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the comprehensive role of TRPM7 in modulating profibrotic response and its potential as therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 1163–1169, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
Brentuximab Vedotin (SGN-35), an antibody–drug conjugate for the treatment of CD30-positive malignancies

Introduction: CD30-positive hematological malignancies are potentially curable with frontline combination chemotherapy regimens; however, those patients who relapse or are refractory to initial therapies have less favorable prognosis. Areas covered: Brentuximab vedotin is an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) composed of the anti-CD30 chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody cAC10 and the potent antimicrotubule drug monomethylauristatin E connected by a protease-cleavable linker. Treatment with single-agent brentuximab vedotin resulted in unprecedented objective response rates and complete response rates of 75 and 34%, respectively, in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, and of 86 and 57%, respectively, in relapsed or refractory systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma patients. Peripheral sensory neuropathy and neutropenia were observed with brentuximab vedotin but were generally grade 1 and 2 in severity and manageable. In August 2011, brentuximab vedotin was approved in the US for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma after failure of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) or after failure of at least two prior multiagent chemotherapy regimens in ASCT-ineligible candidates, and for the treatment of systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma after failure of at least one prior multiagent chemotherapy regimen. Expert opinion: These data support an expanded development program for brentuximab vedotin in multiple CD30-positive indications.
Diseases of flounder Platichthys flesus in dutch coastal and estuarine waters, with particular reference to environmental stress factors. II. Liver histopathology

In order to investigate potential links between marlne pollution and fish diseases, an ep~zootiological study was conducted in The Netherlands during 1983-89. This study concentrated on grossly identifiable diseases of flounder Platichthys flesus. Flounder were found to be affected by the viral skin disease lymphocystis and by skin ulcers probably of bacterial origin. Overall prevalences of these 2 diseases in fish 2 2 yr old were 14.3%r and 2.8% respectively. Also notable was the presence of neoplastic nodules in the livers of 1.0% of the population, prevalences rising steeply with age and locally attaining values of up to 30% in 6+ yr old fish. Most of the samples were collected in September when flounder are resident in inshore feeding arcas. Using data from 9 sites, spatial and temporal (year-to-year) variation in disease occurrence was analysed statistically using log-linear models which incorporated possible effects of length, age and sex. Year-toyear variation showed little correspondence among the 3 diseases, but their spatial distributions showed striking similarities. Lymphocystis and skin ulcers were associated in individual fish. The observed variation in disease prevalence showed no significant correlation with condition factor of the fish or with concentrations of contaminants in sediments or tissues. However, disease preval e n c e ~ at different sites showed a strong positive correlation with fishing activity (possibly indicating an effect of damage by fishing gear) and appeared also to be positively related to salinity. When only strictly marine sites were considered, a relationship with pollution could not be ruled out. Additional data collected in February-April a t offshore sites indicated that disease preval e n c e ~ were generally higher at this time of the year, which corresponds to the spawning period of the populations studied. This trend was particularly pronounced for liver neoplasms, and might be partly related to a low condition factor resulting from spawning activities. In view of the different aetiologies of the 3 diseases, the similarities in spatial patterns indicate the existence of 1 general underlying mechanism of disease causation, perhaps acting through immunosuppressive effects. However, age-related migration appeared to explaln some aspects of the spatial pattern of liver neoplasms, whereas i t was less important in the case of epidermal diseases, which develop more rapidly. On the basis of the findings of this study, the possible contribution of pollution to disease prevalence cannot be adequately assessed due to the interfering effects of other factors (salinity, fishing activity, migration and spawning). Disease causation appears to be con~plex, and it may be that effects of pollution interact with those of other factors to produce observed, spatial patterns.
Influence of load histories on long-term behavior of RC structures

Creep and shrinkage are important time-dependent phenomena of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. While they usually are negligible with respect to structural reliability, they can strongly affect long-term serviceability and durability due to increasing deflections and crack width with time. Although creep under sustained loads is a relatively well-studied phenomenon, the intensity and frequency of variable loads significantly influences the load history and thus the time-dependent behavior of particular structures like parking garages, bridges or storage buildings. Recently, the quasi-permanent load combination is mostly used for prediction of time-dependent deflections of RC elements caused by variable loads. However, it neither takes into account the actual load history, nor the degradation of element stiffness due to ongoing cracking. Thus, the influence of different load histories on the longterm behavior of flexural RC elements was numerically analysed. Beneath intensity and duration of the variable load, the portion of permanent loads regarding the cracking moment was varied. A numerical step-by-step cross-sectional procedure based on the Age-Adjusted Effective Modulus Method (AAEMM) was applied and successfully verified through existing experimental results. First results confirmed that individual load histories and precisely tracking the stiffness reduction with time, are significant to realistically reflect the long-term behavior of RC elements.
Association between sleep bruxism, swallowing-related laryngeal movement, and sleep positions.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To describe the relationships of sleep bruxism to swallowing and sleep positions. DESIGN Controlled descriptive study. SETTING Polysomnography and audio-video recordings were done in a hospital sleep laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Nine patients with sleep bruxism and 7 normal subjects were matched for age and sex. INTERVENTIONS n/a. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS During sleep, patients with sleep bruxism showed a higher frequency of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity episodes (6.8 +/- 1.0 [SEM]/h) than did normals (0.5 +/- 0.1/h, p < 0.01). Swallowing-related laryngeal movements occurred more frequently in sleep of patients with sleep bruxism (6.8 +/- 0.8/h) than in normals (3.7 +/- 0.3/h, p < 0.01). In both groups, during sleep, close to 60% of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity episodes were associated with swallowing. In sleep bruxism patients, 68% of swallowing events occurred during rhythmic masticatory muscle activity episodes, while only 10% of swallowing events were associated with rhythmic masticatory muscle activity in normal subjects. Sleep bruxism patients and normals spent 95.5% and 87.3% of sleeping time in the supine and lateral decubitus positions, respectively. In both groups, up to 96% of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity and swallowing were observed in the supine and lateral decubitus position. In sleep bruxism patients, although sleeping time did not differ between the 2 sleeping body positions, 74% of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity and swallowing events were scored in the supine position compared to 23% in the lateral decubitus position. CONCLUSIONS During sleep, rhythmic masticatory muscle activity is often associated with swallowing. In sleep bruxism patients, most of these oromotor events are observed in the supine position. The physiologic link between rhythmic masticatory muscle activity and swallowing and the clinical relevance of sleep position in sleep bruxism management need to be investigated.
Effect of Early Postoperative Enteral Feeding on the Healing of Colonic Anastomoses in Rats

This experimental study compares the effects of early postoperative administration of three enteral diets of different compositions on the healing of colonic anastomoses. Sixty Wistar rats were subjected to colonic anastomoses. Following surgery, the rats were randomly allocated to four groups of 15 each. The rats in control group A received an electrolyte and glucose solution, the rats in group B received a complete balanced nutrition, in group C a complete balanced nutrition supplemented with fiber and in group D an isocaloric specialized elemental nutrition enriched with glutamine. The rats were sacrificed on day 7 following operation. Rupture of the anastomosis was higher in rats of the control group compared to the other three groups. Adhesion formation was more extensive in group A in comparison to the other three groups. The anastomotic bursting pressures were statistically significantly higher in groups C and D compared to the other two groups (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between group C and D (p > 0.05) while a statistically significant difference was noted between group B and group A (p < 0.05). Histological examination showed more profound inflammatory reaction in group A compared to the other three groups. There was also a statistically significant difference between group B and groups C and D while inflammatory reaction was of no statistically significant difference between group C and group D. Healing of the anastomoses was statistically significantly impaired in group A compared to the other three groups. There was no statistically significant difference between group C and group D while a statistically significant difference was found between group B and groups C and D. In conclusion, early postoperative enteral feeding improves healing of experimental colonic anastomoses in rats. This effect was more evident when fiber-supplemented diets or diets enriched with glutamine were administered.
High-resolution tomography of positron emitters with clustered pinhole SPECT

State-of-the-art small-animal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) enables sub-half-mm resolution imaging of radio-labelled molecules. Due to severe photon penetration through pinhole edges, current multi-pinhole SPECT is not suitable for high-resolution imaging of photons with high energies, such as the annihilation photons emitted by positron emitting tracers (511 keV). To deal with this edge penetration, we introduce here clustered multi-pinhole SPECT (CMP): each pinhole in a cluster has a narrow opening angle to reduce photon penetration. Using simulations, CMP is compared with (i) a collimator with traditional pinholes that is currently used for sub-half-mm imaging of SPECT isotopes (U-SPECT-II), and (ii), like (i) but with collimator thickness adapted to image high-energy photons (traditional multi-pinhole SPECT, TMP). At 511 keV, U-SPECT-II is able to resolve the 0.9 mm rods of an iteratively reconstructed Jaszczak-like capillary hot rod phantom, and while TMP only leads to small improvements, CMP can resolve rods as small as 0.7 mm. Using a digital tumour phantom, we show that CMP resolves many details not assessable with standard USPECT-II and TMP collimators. Furthermore, CMP makes it possible to visualize uptake of positron emitting tracers in sub-compartments of a digital mouse striatal brain phantom. This may open up unique possibilities for analysing processes such as those underlying the function of neurotransmitter systems. Additional potential of CMP may include (i) the imaging of other high-energy single-photon emitters (e.g. I-131) and (ii) localized imaging of positron emitting tracers simultaneously with single photon emitters, with an even better resolution than coincidence PET.