Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Preparation Methods on the Properties of Pineapple Fibers

The present study reports on the preparation processes and characterization of fibers from pineapple cores. The effects of different washing techniques (tap-water and hot-water washing) and particle sizes (0.2, 0.5 and 1 mm) on two important characteristics of dietary fiber, i.e. water holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC), were investigated. It was found that the washing pre-treatment significantly improved WHC. Meanwhile larger particle sizes of fiber gave better WHC and OHC for all types of fibers. Tap-water washing was the most appropriate pretreatment method compared to hot-water washing and unwashed method. However, there was no difference in morphologies of the fibers before and after being prewashed at different particle sizes. The fiber morphology was preserved best after the drying process using microwave freeze dryer (MFD) and microwave vacuum dryer (MVD). This study demonstrates the potential of pre-treatment and drying methods in functional fiber preparation for food enrichment. Copyright © 2015 Penerbit Akademia Baru All rights reserved.
Optimization of Effective Diffusivity by Iso-surface Modeling

1. Abstract In tissue engineering, cell survival in porous tissue scaffolds relies on efficient and sustained oxygen transport, which is especially important in static scaffolding conditions. However, cell deposition and proliferation can impose physical barriers to both mass transport and the diffusion of oxygen, thus affect the uniformity of oxygen concentration across the entire scaffold construct. This can then potentially lead to the regional hypoxia and cell death. The goal of this study is to optimize the periodic microstructure of scaffold to allow the maximum effective diffusivity, which in turn provides the ideal environment for nutrient transportation in porous medium. In this study, homogenization and level set optimization are performed to determine the effective diffusivity and track the evolution of microstructure, respectively. Considering the boundary sensitivity in such fluidic problems, the isosurface modeling was implemented to improve the solution quality. The optimal microstructure has been obtained and characterized by the roughly uniform-width gap space for diffusion, and the smooth solidfluid boundary. These features significantly improve the accessibility of space to diffusion flux in multiple directions. Such space-sharing characteristic is evidently the key to achieve the highest volume-effectiveness for diffusion transport. The final result with the maximized diffusivity can be applied to tissue scaffolds to improve the cell survival and proliferation rate.
Parent Anxiety Causes and Consequences: Perspectives from Camp Program Providers

Although out-of-school time experiences such as camp contribute to youth development, youth involvement in these developmental experiences is largely dependent on parents who determine which activities are appropriate for their children. A contributing factor to parents’ decisions to send their child to camp is the amount of risk and non-clinical anxiety that parents associate with the camp experience, yet little attention has been paid to these issues, particularly from the perspective of camp program providers. It is unclear to what extent parent anxiety is an operational and programmatic concern for camp program providers. Informed by risk perception and parent involvement theories, this study explores (1) causes of parent anxiety from the perspective of camp program providers; (2) operational and programmatic consequences associated with the management of parent anxiety; and (3) camp program practices used to reduce parent anxiety. Data were collected from a sample of 248 camp program providers who completed an online survey that included open-ended questions related to perceptions and observations of parent anxiety, as well as strategies used to manage parents. Content analysis was used to code the data and to construct themes. Constructed themes suggested that parent anxiety is associated with parent-child separation, limited parent camp experience, lack of parent trust, the expression of overparenting behaviors, fear of lack of safety, and insufficient preparation. Constructed themes associated with operational or programmatic changes indicated that camp program providers use a range of strategies to reduce parent anxiety, broadly summarized as communication, staffing, access, and education. Implications for practice and future directions are explored.
Aalborg Universitet Management of atrial fibrillation in specific patient populations a state of the art review

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Primary malignant orofacial tumours : A 14 year experience in a tertiary health institution in Gombe , North-East Nigeria

Objectives: To determine the pattern of presentations of oro-facial malignant lesions in Gombe, North-East Nigeria Subjects and Methods: Records of all patients with histologically diagnosed oro-facial malignant lesions in Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe from January 2002December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Information obtained from patients records were age, sex, site and histological diagnosis. The information were analysed using SPSS version 21. Results:. Fifty seven patients consisting of 29 males and 28 females presented with oro-facial malignant lesions during the study period. The mean age of patients was 41.9 ± 21.0 years. 43 (75.4%) were carcinomas, 10 (17.6%) were sarcomas and 4 (7%) had lymphomas. Mandible was the most favoured site while the lip and floor of the mouth were least affected. Patients with carcinomas were significantly older than those with sarcomas and lymphomas. The most commonly diagnosed carcinomas were squamous cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and that for sarcomas and lymphomas were osteogenic sarcoma and Burkitt’s lymphoma respectively. Conclusion: Oro-facial malignant lesions are relatively uncommon, male are slightly more affected and mandible the most common site. Carcinomas are the most common oro-facial malignancy and patients with carcinomas were older than those with sarcomas and lymphomas. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common carcinoma and the most common lesion overall.
SCHEMES SUPPORTED ON THE SINGULAR LOCUS OF A HYPERPLANE ARRANGEMENT IN P n

We introduce the use of liaison addition to the study of hyperplane arrangements. For an arrangement, A, of hyperplanes in P, A is free if R/J is Cohen-Macaulay, where J is the Jacobian ideal of A. Terao’s conjecture says that freeness of A is determined by the combinatorics of the intersection lattice of A. We study the Cohen-Macaulayness of three other ideals, all unmixed, that are closely related to A. Let J = q1 ∩ · · · ∩ qs be the intersection of height two primary components of J and √ J = p1 ∩ · · · ∩ ps be the radical of J . Our third ideal is p1 1 ∩ · · · ∩ ps s for suitable b1, . , bs. With a fairly mild hypothesis we use liaison addition to show that all three of these ideals are Cohen-Macaulay. When our hypothesis does not hold, we show that these ideals are not necessarily Cohen-Macaulay, and further that Cohen-Macaulayness of any of these ideals does not imply Cohen-Macaulayness of any of the others. While we do not study the freeness of A, we give an example to show that the Betti diagrams can vary even for arrangements with the same combinatorics. In the second part of the paper we study the situation when the hypothesis does not hold. For equidimensional curves in P, the Hartshorne-Rao module from liaison theory measures the failure of an ideal to be Cohen-Macaulay, degree by degree, and also determines the even liaison class of such a curve. We show that for any positive integer r there is an arrangement A for which R/J fails to be Cohen-Macaulay in only one degree, and this failure is by r; we also give an analogous result for √ J . We draw consequences for the corresponding even liaison class of the curve defined by J or by √ J .
Atoroidal subgroup alternative for Out(FN)

We show that for any subgroup H of Out(FN ), either H contains an atoroidal element or a finite index subgroup H′ of H fixes a nontrivial conjugacy class in FN . This result is an analog of Ivanov’s subgroup theorem for mapping class groups and Handel–Mosher’s subgroup theorem for Out(FN ) in the setting of irreducible elements.
Oxidative Stress and Its Clinical Applications in Dementia

Dementia is a complex disorder that mostly affects the elderly and represents a signi�cant and growing public health burden in the world. Alzheimer’s disease (AD)associated dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are the most common forms of dementia, in which oxidative stress is signi�cantly involved. Oxidative stress mechanisms may have clinical applications, that is, providing information for potential biomarkers. us brain-rich peptides with an antioxidant property, such as CART (cocaineand amphetamine-regulated transcript), may be promising newmarkers. is paper summarizes the progress in research regarding oxidative stress in dementia with a focus on potential biomarkers in the cerebrospinal �uid (CSF) in the main forms of dementia. Other central and peripheral biomarkers, especially those considered oxidative stress related, are also discussed. is paper aims to provide information to improve current understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of dementia. It also offers insight into the differential diagnosis of AD and DLB.
The Transcriptional Activity of LAMP 3 Gene Involved in Autophagocytosis in Colorectal Cancer LAMP 3 Expression in Colorectal Cancer

Background: Autophagocytosis is a biological process involving the controlled distribution of cell fragments and organelles in order to obtain an additional source of energy. LAMP3 (lysosome-associated membrane protein 3) is a heavily glycosylated integral membrane protein located mainly in the lysosomal membrane. Recent studies have shown that it participates in tumor metastasis and drug resistance. Its main role is contribution to tumor cells proliferation, migration and invasion. The aim of this study was to determine changes in transcriptional activity of LAMP3 at various stages of colorectal cancer. In addition, an attempt was made to select miRNAs potentially regulating LAMP3 expression using bioinformatic databases. Methods: The study was conducted on healthy colon samples and colon cancer samples in four stages. Molecular analysis included the extraction of total RNA, purification of the obtained extracts, expression profile analysis using oligonucleotide microarray technique and in silico determination of miRNAs potentially regulating the LAMP3 expression. Results: The level of LAMP3 expression is higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells than in non-cancerous cells and depends on the stage of the disease. Conclusions: LAMP3 may promote cancer progression, metastasis and cause the resistance to treatment.
The Changing Role of Dividends: A Firm-Level Study from the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Century

We investigate the changes in dividend policy for one of North America's oldest banks (and Canada's first bank), Bank of Montreal, over time by considering the relationships between dividends, prices and earnings for this prominent firm. In the early part of the sample we find that annual dividend and earnings changes are highly variable, with dividend changes following changes in earnings and a larger portion of investors' returns coming from dividends. Since World War II dividend policy has been characterized by more stable and gradual increases in dividends, with more of investors' returns coming from capital gains. Overall, our results suggest that investors' perception of dividends has changed over time, allowing management to pay smaller dividends and reinvest funds in the firm.
Potential E ff ects of Climate Change on Fire Behavior , Economic Susceptibility and Suppression Costs in Mediterranean Ecosystems : C ó rdoba Province , Spain

The potentially large ecological, economic, and societal impacts of climate change makes it a significant problem of the 21st century. These consequences have led to tremendous development in climate change scenarios and new technologies to increase knowledge on the effect and efficiency of mitigation and adaptation measures. Large fires will occur at a higher rate than currently because of lower fuel moisture content resulting in a lower resistance to burning. This is also evidenced by more extreme fire behavior that contributes to higher economic impacts, suppression difficulties and suppression costs. The economic susceptibility concept integrates a set of economic valuation approaches for valuing timber and non-timber resources, considering the fire behavior, and as a consequence, the net value changes for each resource. Flame length increased by 4.6% to 15.69%, according to the different future climate scenarios. Climate change is expected to cause widespread changes to economic susceptibility and suppression costs because of higher flame length and fire intensity. Therefore, our outcomes show an increase in the economic susceptibility of Córdoba Province in the medium and long term (2041–2070) between 6.05% and 25.99%, respectively. In addition, we have found an increase between 65.67% and 86.73% in suppression costs in the last decade. The digital version of the economic susceptibility model using Geographic Information Systems improves its operational capabilities enhancing also its dynamism and simplicity to accept modifications and predictions revisions.
Apospory in Helianthus ciliaris DC. (Asteraceae)

The aposporic embryo sacs were observed in the ovules of the perennial wild sunflower species, Helianthus ciliaris DC. The aposporic embryo sac was always situated near the normal one and was somewhat retarded in comparison with it. Aposporic embryo sac formation is initiated probably as a result of some disturbances in fertilization process. Sunflower is a crosspollinating plant. H. ciliaris as the other perennial sunflower species practices vegetative propagation. Sexual reproduction takes place with difficulty. There are problems with cross-pollination. When it fails, the alternative pathways of reproduction, such as apospory take over. We could not confirm development of embryo from the aposporic embryo sacs but we do not exclude it because autonomous endosperm development has been observed.
Efficacy of esmolol for septic shock and sepsis : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies

Introduction: Esmolol treatment has emerged as an important adjunct for septic shock and sepsis. However, the use of esmolol to treat septic shock and sepsis has not been well established. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of esmolol for septic shock and sepsis. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials are searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the influence of esmolol treatment on septic shock and sepsis are included. Two investigators independently have searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model. Results: Six RCTs involving 363 patients are included in the meta-analysis. Compared with control intervention in septic patients, esmolol treatment is associated with significantly increased survival rate (RR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.60; P = 0.01), decreased TnI (Std. MD = -1.91; 95% CI = -2.39 to -1.43; P < 0.00001) and CK-MB (Std. MD = -0.90; 95% CI = -1.37 to -0.43; P = 0.0002), and shows no important impact on MAP (Std. MD = 0.05; 95% CI = -0.22 to 0.32; P = 0.71) and CVP (Std. MD = -0.11; 95% CI = -0.50 to 0.28; P = 0.58). Conclusions: Esmolol treatment can significantly improve survival rate, and reduce TnI and CK-MB, with no remarkable influence on MAP and CVP in patients with septic shock and sepsis.
Numerical Calculation and Analysis of Automobile Aerodynamic Noise Based on Large Eddy Simulation

The entire vehicle model of a certain type of car is established, the numerical calculation and analysis on the internal flow field of vehicle model and the aerodynamic noise at the receiving point near the left ear of the driver are carried out based on the large eddy simulation. The distributions of pressure field and velocity in the car are obtained with the different ways of opening the windows and 4 typical operating conditions with different opening degrees. Meanwhile, the frequency domain diagrams of sound pressure level at the reception points near the driver's left ear are acquired. It is derived from the analysis that there is a close relationship between the wind vibration noise in the car and the opening size and opening mode of the car’s windows. The wind vibration noise is the smallest when the opening degree of the front window is 1/3. When the opening degrees are same, the wind vibration noise of the rear window is larger than that of the front window. Therefore, the reasonable opening mode and the opening degree of the car’s window can effectively control the wind vibration noise. According to the mechanism of wind vibration, the noise reduction method though retrofitting a column is adopted to reduce the noise of the rear window. And the maximum reduction of pressure fluctuation of wind vibration is about 19dB, which improves the passenger ride comfort.
INFLUENCE OF PHENOLOGY AND POST-HARVEST PROCESSING OF VEGETAL MATERIAL ON THE ALLELOPATHY OF ANNONI GRASS ( Eragrostis plana ) EXTRACTS

The phenological stage, post-harvest processing and quantity of material can interfere in the allelopathic activity of extracts. The objective of this study is to test the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of the leaves of Annoni grass (Eragrostis plana), an invader of natural pastures. Twelve extracts were prepared by combining the phenological stage of the plants when harvesting the leaves (vegetative; flowering), post-harvest processing before extraction (fresh; dry at 40 oC), and the amount of plant material (5, 15, and 25 g 100 mL-1 distilled water). Two bioassays were conducted in a germination chamber, with evaluation of germination and growth of seedlings of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and white clover (Trifolium repens). The extracts with higher allelopathic activity were further developed with 15 and 25 g of dried leaves and harvested in plants at the vegetative stage. Germination was attributed to being the greatest contribution to the divergence between the extracts. White clover was more sensitive to extracts, for which 50% to 67% of the extracts were effectively allelopathic (≥50% inhibition); in lettuce, between 8% and 58% of the extracts exhibited this potential. The phenological stage was the factor with a greater individual effect on the allelopathic activity on lettuce and white clover seedlings, and on lettuce germination. The post-harvest processing responded by the greater variation on germination and germination speed index of white clover. The sensitivity of the white clover to extracts of Annoni grass suggests a compromise of its establishment in pastures with the presence of the invader.
Interactive comment on “Resolving the influence of temperature forcing through heat conduction on rockglacier dynamics: a numerical modelling

This manuscript models and discuss rockglacier flow and related seasonal and interannual variabilities by using a 1-D numerical flow model including thermal heat conduction. The model is forced by given temperature data below the active layer. Temperature data gaps were linearly interpolated. The main result shows that the overall flow velocities on an annual resolution is well simulated. However, seasonal and interannual variations are strongly underestimated. The authors conclude then that the heat conduction alone is not able to explain the variations and therefore non-conductive processes such as the presence of water must strongly influence the flow behavior.
Imported Intermediate Inputs and the Skill Premium

Following trade liberalization, many developing countries experience a sharp increase in the skill premium. This observation is inconsistent with the predictions of standard Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory, in which trade integration causes the skill premium to decline, not to rise, in the relatively skill-scarce countries. In this paper, I argue that most of the rise in the skill premium can be accounted for by complementarity between high skilled labor and foreign intermediate inputs. To quantitatively assess this effect, I build a model featuring two types of labor, high skilled and low skilled, which face different elasticities of substitution between foreign and domestic inputs. In this environment, increased access to foreign intermediate inputs raises the relative demand for skilled labor, and consequently, the skill premium. Using firm-level microdata from Ghana, I provide evidence for this mechanism and estimate the degree of skill-complementarity. I find that changes in the observed shares of foreign intermediate inputs account for 75 percent of the rise in the skill premium observed in the data.
Bounds from Affine Group Energy

The purpose of this article is to further explore how the structure of the affine group can be used to deduce new incidence theorems, and to explore sum-product type applications of these incidence bounds, building on the recent work of Rudnev and Shkredov [13]. We bound the energy of several systems of lines, in some cases obtaining a better energy bound than the corresponding bounds in [13] by exploiting a connection with collinear quadruples. Our motivation for seeking to generalise and improve the incidence bound from [13] comes from possible applications to sum-product problems. For example, we prove that, for any finite A ⊂ R the following superquadratic bound holds:
Many-body localization in XY spin chains with random long-range interactions : An exact diagonalization study

We investigate the transition from many-body localization phase to ergodic thermalized phase at an infinite temperature in an XY spin chain with L spins, which experiences random power-law decaying interactions in the form of Vij ∝ 1/ |i− j| (i, j = 1, · · · , L). By performing large-scale exact diagonalization for the chain size up to L = 18, we analyze systematically the energy gap statistics, half-chain entanglement entropy, and uncertainty of the entanglement entropy of the system at different interaction exponent α. The finite-size critical scaling allows us to determine the critical disorder strength Wc and critical exponent ν at the many-body localization phase transition, as a function of the interaction exponent α in the limit L → ∞. We find that both Wc and ν diverge when α decreases to a critical power αc ' 1.16± 0.12, indicating the absence of many-body localization for α < αc. Our result is useful to resolve the contradiction on the critical power found in two previous studies, αc = 3/2 from scaling argument in Phys. Rev. B 92, 104428 (2015) and αc ≈ 1 from quantum dynamics simulation in Phys. Rev. A 99, 033610 (2019).