Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Education modulates brain maintenance in presymptomatic frontotemporal dementia

Objective Cognitively engaging lifestyles have been associated with reduced risk of conversion to dementia. Multiple mechanisms have been advocated, including increased brain volumes (ie, brain reserve) and reduced disease progression (ie, brain maintenance). In cross-sectional studies of presymptomatic frontotemporal dementia (FTD), higher education has been related to increased grey matter volume. Here, we examine the effect of education on grey matter loss over time. Methods Two-hundred twenty-nine subjects at-risk of carrying a pathogenic mutation leading to FTD underwent longitudinal cognitive assessment and T1-weighted MRI at baseline and at 1 year follow-up. The first principal component score of the graph-Laplacian Principal Component Analysis on 112 grey matter region-of-interest volumes was used to summarise the grey matter volume (GMV). The effects of education on cognitive performances and GMV at baseline and on the change between 1 year follow-up and baseline (slope) were tested by Structural Equation Modelling. Results Highly educated at-risk subjects had better cognition and higher grey matter volume at baseline; moreover, higher educational attainment was associated with slower loss of grey matter over time in mutation carriers. Conclusions This longitudinal study demonstrates that even in presence of ongoing pathological processes, education may facilitate both brain reserve and brain maintenance in the presymptomatic phase of genetic FTD.
Music Therapy for Pain and Anxiety Management in Nasal Bone Fracture Reduction: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Objective To evaluate whether listening to music through binaural headphones contributes to the perception of pain and anxiety in patients undergoing closed nasal bone fracture reductions. Study Design Randomized controlled trial. Subjects and Methods We recruited patients from San Juan de Dios Hospital with displaced nasal fractures who required a reduction and assigned them to a control group or a music group. For both groups, a protocolized closed reduction of the nasal fracture with local anesthesia was performed. The music group heard music through headphones during the pre-, intra-, and postprocedural periods of the intervention. Physiological variables (blood pressure and heart rate) were measured. An anxiety survey (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and the visual analog scale for measuring pain were also applied. Results The music group exhibited significantly lower levels of systolic blood pressure (P = .0001), anxiety (P < .0001), and pain (P = .0004) than the control group. Conclusion Listening to music through headphones—a safe and low-cost intervention—appears to aid in pain and anxiety management associated with procedures that are usually uncomfortable, such as the reduction of nasal bone fractures with local anesthesia. We believe that this effect is achieved by the modulation of pain and anxiety on an emotional-affective dimension at a central level. Given its safety, feasibility, and low cost, music therapy should be considered a complementary treatment for pain and anxiety management for nasal fracture reduction performed with local anesthesia, as well as for other medical procedures of similar pain levels conducted without general anesthesia.
Barriers to Utilization of Mental Health Services amongst Male Child Sexual Abuse Survivors: Service Providers’ Perspective

ABSTRACT Most research on child sexual abuse has been on survivors to the exclusion of service providers. This paper focuses on one group of findings from a larger qualitative study. The aim of the paper is to identify existing services and highlight the gaps in the current programs available for male CSA survivors from the perspective of service providers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 mental health service providers, recruited from two Southern and Central Ontario cities. Findings presented here report service providers’ perspective of gaps in services for male CSA survivors. “Limited Male CSA Programs”, “Institutional Barriers”, “Attitudinal Barriers”, and “Systemic Gaps” emerged as four major themes from the data analysis. Findings demonstrate the need to re-evaluate currently available service and highlights gaps in mental health service available for male CSA survivors. Implications for policy, practice, and research are discussed.
Monitoring the Depth of Anesthesia Through the Use of Cerebral Hemodynamic Measurements Based on Sample Entropy Algorithm

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between the depth of anesthesia and the cerebral hemodynamic variables during the complete anesthesia process. Methods: In this study, near-infrared spectroscopy signals were used to record eight kinds of cerebral hemodynamic variables, including left, right, proximal, distal deoxygenated (Hb) and oxygenated (HbO2) hemoglobin concentration changes. Then, by measuring the complexity information of cerebral hemodynamic variables, the sample entropy was calculated as a new index of monitoring the depth of anesthesia. Results: By means of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the sample entropy approach was proved to effectively discriminate anesthesia maintenance and waking phases. The discriminatory ability of HbO2 signals was stronger than that of Hb signals and the distal signals had weaker discrimination capability when compared with the proximal signals. In addition, there was statistical consistency between the bispectral index and sample entropy of cerebral hemodynamic variables during the complete anesthesia process. Moreover, the cerebral hemodynamic signals could not be interfered by clinical electrical devices. Conclusion: The sample entropy of cerebral hemodynamic variables could be suitable as a new index for monitoring the depth of anesthesia. Significance: This study is very meaningful for developing new modality and decoding methods in perspective of anesthesia surveillance and may result in the anesthesia monitoring system with high performance.
555-562; CHI May02 04585 (Max)

Objectives: To determine the rate, types, and correlates of psychiatric disorder (PD) following stroke and orthopedic disorders in children and adolescents. Method: Children aged 5 to 19 were assessed. The study used a cross-sectional design that compared 29 stroke subjects with 29 congenital clubfoot or scoliosis subjects. Assessments of psychiatric status; cognitive, adaptive, academic, and family functioning; family psychiatric history; neuroimaging; and neurological status were conducted. The main outcome measure was a current PD not present before the stroke or orthopedic disorder. Results: Poststroke PD occurred significantly more often than postorthopedic diagnosis PD (17/29 [59%] versus 4/29 [14%], p ≤ .001). Subjects with ongoing poststroke PD had significantly more impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning, higher intensity family psychiatric history scores, and tended toward higher neurological severity index scores, but they were not different regarding lesion volume or family functioning compared with stroke subjects without PD. Regression analyses showed that neurological severity and family psychiatric history independently contributed significantly to predicting PD. Conclusions: The data suggest that there are significant biopsychosocial correlates of PD in children with focal neurological lesions. These include a relatively abnormal neurological exam, lower IQ, and increased family psychopathology. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2002, 41(5):555–562.
Finding Influential Nodes in Multiplex Networks Using a Memetic Algorithm

In order to find the nodes with better propagation ability, a large body of studies on the influence maximization problem has been conducted. Several influence spreading models and corresponding optimization algorithms have been proposed and successfully identified the infusive seeds in single isolated networks. However, as indicated by some recent studies and online materials, modern networked systems tend to have more complicated structures and multiple layers, which makes it difficult for existing seed determination techniques to deal with these networks. Thus, finding influential nodes in realistic multiplex networks remains open. Therefore, this paper aims to design an extended influence spreading model to simulate the influence diffusion process in multiplex networks, based on which a memetic algorithm is developed to find the seeds that are influential in all network layers. Experimental results on synthetic and real-world networks validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. These results are helpful for identifying potential propagators in multiplex social networks, and provide solutions to analyze and gain deeper insights into networked systems.
In Utero Exposure to Citalopram Mitigates Maternal Stress Effects on Fetal Brain Development.

Human epidemiological and animal-model studies suggest that exposure to stress, but also serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants during pregnancy increase risks for neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Yet, little is known about the combined effects of maternal stress and SSRIs with regard to brain development in utero. We found that the placenta is highly permeable to the commonly prescribed SSRI (±) citalopram (CIT) in humans and mice, allowing rapid exposure of the fetal brain to this drug. We investigated the effects of maternal chronic unpredictable stress in mice, with or without maternal oral administration of CIT, from embryonic day (E)8 to E17. We assessed fetal brain development using magnetic resonance imaging and quantified changes in serotonergic, thalamocortical, and cortical development. In utero exposure to maternal stress did not affect overall fetal brain growth. However, serotonin tissue content in the fetal forebrain was increased in association with maternal stress; this increase was reversed by maternal CIT. In utero exposure to stress increased the numbers of deep-layer neurons in specific cortical regions, whereas CIT increased overall cell numbers without changing the proportions of layer-specific neurons to offset the effects of stress on deep-layer cortical development. These findings suggest that stress and SSRI exposure in utero differentially impact serotonin-dependent fetal neurodevelopment such that CIT reverses key effects of maternal gestational stress on offspring brain development.
Revisiting the 16 Cygni planet host at unprecedented precision and exploring automated tools for precise abundances

The binary system 16 Cygni is key in studies of the planet-star chemical composition connection, as only one of the stars is known to host a planet. This allows us to better assess the possible influence of planet interactions on the chemical composition of stars that are born from the same cloud and thus should have a similar abundance pattern. In our previous work, we found clear abundance differences for elements with Z ≤ 30 between both components of this system and a trend of these abundances as a function of the condensation temperature (Tc), which suggests a spectral chemical signature related to planet formation. In this work we show that our previous findings are still consistent even if we include more species, such as the volatile N and neutron capture elements (Z > 30). We report a slope with Tc of 1.56 ± 0.24 × 10−5 dex K−1, that is good agreement with our previous work. We also performed some tests using ARES and iSpec to measure automatically the equivalent width and found Tc slopes in reasonable agreement with our results as well. In addition, we determined abundances for Li and Be by spectral synthesis, finding that 16 Cyg A is richer not only in Li but also in Be, when compared to its companion. This may be evidence of planet engulfment, indicating that the Tc trend found in this binary system may be a chemical signature of planet accretion in the A component, rather than an imprint of the giant planet rocky core formation on 16 Cyg B.
What Does BERT Look at? An Analysis of BERT’s Attention

Large pre-trained neural networks such as BERT have had great recent success in NLP, motivating a growing body of research investigating what aspects of language they are able to learn from unlabeled data. Most recent analysis has focused on model outputs (e.g., language model surprisal) or internal vector representations (e.g., probing classifiers). Complementary to these works, we propose methods for analyzing the attention mechanisms of pre-trained models and apply them to BERT. BERT’s attention heads exhibit patterns such as attending to delimiter tokens, specific positional offsets, or broadly attending over the whole sentence, with heads in the same layer often exhibiting similar behaviors. We further show that certain attention heads correspond well to linguistic notions of syntax and coreference. For example, we find heads that attend to the direct objects of verbs, determiners of nouns, objects of prepositions, and coreferent mentions with remarkably high accuracy. Lastly, we propose an attention-based probing classifier and use it to further demonstrate that substantial syntactic information is captured in BERT’s attention.
Explosions Driven by the Coalescence of a Compact Object with the Core of a Massive-star Companion inside a Common Envelope: Circumstellar Properties, Light Curves, and Population Statistics

We model explosions driven by the coalescence of a black hole or neutron star with the core of its massive-star companion. Upon entering a common-envelope phase, a compact object may spiral all the way to the core. The concurrent release of energy is likely to be deposited into the surrounding common envelope, powering a merger-driven explosion. We use hydrodynamic models of binary coalescence to model the common-envelope density distribution at the time of coalescence. We find toroidal profiles of material, concentrated in the binary’s equatorial plane and extending to many times the massive star’s original radius. We use the spherically averaged properties of this circumstellar material (CSM) to estimate the emergent light curves that result from the interaction between the blast wave and the CSM. We find that typical merger-driven explosions are brightened by up to three magnitudes by CSM interaction. From population synthesis models, we discover that the brightest merger-driven explosions, MV ∼ −18 to −20, are those involving black holes because they have the most massive and extended CSM. Black hole coalescence events are also common; they represent about 50% of all merger-driven explosions and approximately 0.25% of the core-collapse rate. Merger-driven explosions offer a window into the highly uncertain physics of common-envelope interactions in binary systems by probing the properties of systems that merge rather than eject their envelopes.
Correlation analysis of intestinal redox state with the gut microbiota reveals the positive intervention of tea polyphenols on hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet fed mice.

Tea polyphenols (TP) possess the ability to regulate dyslipidemia and gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the underlying mechanism is still elusive. The present study explored the intervention of TP on high-fat diet induced metabolic disorders, gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice and the underlying intestinal mechanism. As a result, TP significantly ameliorated hyperlipidemia, improved the expression levels of hepatic lipid metabolism genes and modulated gut microbiota. The underlying mechanism was supposed to rely on the maintaining of intestinal redox state by TP. Intestinal redox related indicators were significantly correlated with the distribution of gut microbiota. An unidentified genus of Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Faecalibaculum were identified as the biomarkers for intestinal redox state. Importantly, different dosage TP modulated intestinal redox state and gut microbiota in varied patterns and an overdose intake attenuated the beneficial effects on gut health. Our findings offered novel insights in the mechanism of TP on intestinal homeostasis.
Dependence of the outer boundary condition on protoneutron star asteroseismology with gravitational-wave signatures

To obtain the eigenfrequencies of a protoneutron star (PNS) in the postbounce phase of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), we perform a linear perturbation analysis of the angle-averaged PNS profiles using results from a general relativistic CCSN simulation of a $15 M_{\odot}$ star. In this work, we investigate how the choice of the outer boundary condition could affect the PNS oscillation modes in the linear analysis. By changing the density at the outer boundary of the PNS surface in a parametric manner, we show that the eigenfrequencies strongly depend on the surface density. By comparing with the gravitational wave (GW) signatures obtained in the hydrodynamics simulation, the so-called surface $g$-mode of the PNS can be well ascribed to the fundamental oscillations of the PNS. The frequency of the fundamental oscillations can be fitted by a function of the mass and radius of the PNS similar to the case of cold neutron stars. In the case that the position of the outer boundary is chosen to cover not only the PNS but also the surrounding postshock region, we obtain the eigenfrequencies close to the modulation frequencies of the standing accretion-shock instability (SASI). However, we point out that these oscillation modes are unlikely to have the same physical origin of the SASI modes seen in the hydrodynamics simulation. We discuss possible limitations of applying the angle-averaged, linear perturbation analysis to extract the full ingredients of the CCSN GW signatures.
Reddening map and recent star formation in the Magellanic Clouds based on OGLE IV Cepheids

Context. The reddening maps of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) are constructed using the Cepheid period–luminosity (P–L) relations. Aims. We examine reddening distribution across the LMC and SMC through large data sets on classical Cepheids provided by the OGLE Phase IV survey. We also investigate the age and spatio-temporal distributions of Cepheids to understand the recent star formation history in the LMC and SMC. Methods. The V and I band photometric data of 2476 fundamental mode (FU) and 1775 first overtone mode (FO) Cepheids in the LMC, and 2753 FU and 1793 FO Cepheids in the SMC were analysed for their P–L relations. We converted the period of FO Cepheids to the corresponding period of FU Cepheids before combining the two modes of Cepheids. Both galaxies were divided into small segments and combined FU and FO P–L diagrams were drawn in two bands for each segment. The reddening analysis was performed on 133 segments covering a total area of about 154.6 deg2 in the LMC and 136 segments covering a total area of about 31.3 deg2 in the SMC. By comparison with well-calibrated P–L relations of these two galaxies, we determined reddening E(V − I) in each segment and equivalent reddening E(B − V) assuming the normal extinction law. The period–age relations were used to derive the age of the Cepheids. Results. Reddening maps were constructed using reddening values in different segments across the LMC and SMC. We find clumpy structures in the reddening distributions of the LMC and SMC. From the reddening map of the LMC, highest reddening of E(V − I) = 0.466 mag is traced in the region centred at α ∼ 85. °13, δ ∼ −69. °34 which is in close vicinity of the star forming HII region 30 Doradus. In the SMC, maximum reddening of E(V − I) = 0.189 mag is detected in the region centred at α ∼ 12. °10, δ ∼ −73. °07. The mean reddening values in the LMC and SMC are estimated as E(V − I)LMC = 0.113 ± 0.060 mag, E(B − V)LMC = 0.091 ± 0.050 mag, E(V − I)SMC = 0.049 ± 0.070 mag, and E(B − V)SMC = 0.038 ± 0.053 mag. Conclusions. The LMC reddening map displays heterogeneous distribution having small reddening in the central region and higher reddening towards the eastern side of the LMC bar. The SMC has relatively small reddening in its peripheral regions but larger reddening towards the south-west region. In these galaxies, we see evidence of a common enhanced Cepheid population at around 200 Myr ago which appears to have occurred due to a close encounter between the two clouds.
Personality Associations With Smartphone and Internet Use Disorder: A Comparison Study Including Links to Impulsivity and Social Anxiety

The present work aims to replicate findings linking specific personality traits with Internet and Smartphone Use Disorder (IUD/SUD). Specifically, earlier research demonstrated that tendencies toward IUD and SUD are associated with high Neuroticism and both low Conscientiousness and low Agreeableness, while IUD (but not SUD) tendencies are negatively related to Extraversion and SUD (but not IUD) tendencies are negatively associated with Openness (1). In the aftermath of the replication crisis in psychology and related disciplines, it has become increasingly important to replicate findings in psychological research. Therefore, we revisited this earlier study by investigating (i) a sample from different countries and (ii) using different questionnaires to assess IUD, SUD and the Five Factor Model of Personality than the earlier work by Lachmann et al. (1). By applying such a design, we believe that replicating results from this earlier study hints toward generalizable associations being (largely) independent from that sample's specific cultural background and instrumentation. Importantly (iii) we used a larger sample consisting of N = 773 in the present study to have higher statistical power to observe the initially reported associations. Additionally, we investigated the role of impulsivity and social anxiety on IUD/SUD, further illuminating the nature of these potential new disorders. Indeed, we were able to reaffirm the aforementioned correlation patterns between personality and IUD/SUD in the present work to a large extent, with low Conscientiousness and high Neuroticism being most robustly associated with higher IUD/SUD. Furthermore, social anxiety and impulsivity showed positive correlations with IUD and SUD, as expected.