Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trajectory Convolution for Action Recognition

How to leverage the temporal dimension is a key question in video analysis. Recent works suggest an efficient approach to video feature learning, i.e., factorizing 3D convolutions into separate components respectively for spatial and temporal convolutions. The temporal convolution, however, comes with an implicit assumption – the feature maps across time steps are well aligned so that the features at the same locations can be aggregated. This assumption may be overly strong in practical applications, especially in action recognition where the motion serves as a crucial cue. In this work, we propose a new CNN architecture TrajectoryNet, which incorporates trajectory convolution, a new operation for integrating features along the temporal dimension, to replace the existing temporal convolution. This operation explicitly takes into account the changes in contents caused by deformation or motion, allowing the visual features to be aggregated along the the motion paths, trajectories. On two large-scale action recognition datasets, namely, Something-Something and Kinetics, the proposed network architecture achieves notable improvement over strong baselines.
Externalities and the Social Return to Education in Indonesia

It is widely known that education provides economic benefits to individuals. However, education also has the potential to generate significant externalities. These external effects of education, in Indonesia, are the focus of the current paper. They are investigated using a local labour market (the province) approach. Significant externalities, as high as, or even much higher than, the private return to schooling, are documented, using both OLS and IV estimations. Sensitivity tests involving separate analyses for skill groups along the lines of Moretti (2004a) and Muravyev (2008), indicate that this finding is robust. The results thus strongly support the view that investing in education is more important for aggregate economic outcomes than it is for the individuals who do so. It appears that there is a clear role for the government fostering further expansion of education opportunities in Indonesia.
Entropy Spectrum of a KS Black Hole in IR Modified Hořava-Lifshitz Gravity

As a renormalizable theory of gravity, Hořava-Lifshitz gravity, might be an ultraviolet completion of general relativity and reduces to Einstein gravity with a nonvanishing cosmological constant in infrared. Kehagias and Sfetsos obtained a static spherically symmetric black hole solution called KS black hole in the IR modified Hořava-Lifshitz theory. In this paper, the entropy spectrum and area spectrum of a KS black hole are investigated based on the proposal of adiabatic invariant quantity. By calculating the action of producing a pair of particles near the horizon, it is obtained that the action of the system is exactly equivalent to the change of black hole entropy, which is an adiabatic invariant quantity. With the help of Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule, it is concluded that the entropy spectrum is discrete and equidistant spaced and the area spectrum is not equidistant spaced, which depends on the parameter of gravity theory. Some summary and discussion will be given in the last.
TOPOLOGICALLY CLOSE PACKED PHASES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL RHENIUM-CONTAINING SINGLE CRYSTAL SUPERALLOY

The kinetics, morphology and composition of the formation of TCP phases in an experimental alloy containing no tungsten is studied. At high temperature P phase forms after 20 h, whereas below 950°C the phases p and R occur. At lower temperatures a polycrystalline form of cr phase is observed which is meta-stable but acts as a nucleation site for the other phases. The phase occurrence and compositions are compared with a thermodynamic model using a rhenium-containing database, and reasonable agreement is found for the P, R and cs phases. However the model underestimates the stability of the p phase.
Adsorption and leaching of aromatic arsenicals in Japanese agricultural soils.

We investigated the adsorption and mobility of aromatic arsenicals (AAs) in two types of Japanese agricultural soils through the batch and column leaching experiments. AAs were composed of both phenyl or methyl group and arsenate. The amounts of adsorbed AAs onto both Fluvisols, sandy loam, and Andosol, light clay, increased in the order of phenylarsonic acid (PAA) > methylphenylarsinic acid (MPAA) > diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA) > methyldiphenylarsine oxide (MDPAO) = dimethylphenylarsine oxide (DMPAO). The adsorbed amounts of all AAs onto Andosols, which had relatively high amorphous minerals and organic carbon, were higher than those of Fluvisols. The adsorbability of AAs on soils increased with the increasing a portion of arsenate of AAs. The mobility in Fluvisol was in the orders of DMPAO (30cm) > MDPAO(25cm) > MPAA(20cm) > DPAA(15cm) = PAA(15cm). The mobility in Andosol was in the orders of DMPAO (15cm)=MDPAO(15cm) > DPAA(10cm) > MPAA(5cm) = PAA(5cm). The mobility of MDPAO and DMPAO in soils was higher than that of PAA and MPAA, and all AAs’s mobility in Andosols was lower than that in Fluvisols. Consequently, the mobility of AAs in soils decreased with increasing the adsorbability of AAs on soils.
Theory of Reproducing Kernels.

Abstract : The present paper may be considered as a sequel to our previous paper in the Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Theorie generale de noyaux reproduisants-Premiere partie (vol. 39 (1944)) which was written in 1942-1943. In the introduction to this paper we outlined the plan of papers which were to follow. In the meantime, however, the general theory has been developed in many directions, and our original plans have had to be changed. Due to wartime conditions we were not able, at the time of writing the first paper, to take into account all the earlier investigations which, although sometimes of quite a different character, were, nevertheless, related to our subject. Our investigation is concerned with kernels of a special type which have been used under different names and in different ways in many domains of mathematical research. We shall therefore begin our present paper with a short historical introduction in which we shall attempt to indicate the different manners in which these kernels have been used by various investigators, and to clarify the terminology. We shall also discuss the more important trends of the application of these kernels without attempting, however, a complete bibliography of the subject matter. (KAR) P. 2
Performance of Green Roof Integrated Solar Photovoltaics in Toronto

Green (vegetated) roofs and solar photovoltaics are among a range of solutions intended to meet environmental sustainability targets and transition to low-carbon communities. In urban environments, they are means to integrate onsite stormwater management and renewable energy. Research shows that the evaporative cooling from green roofs helps to keep photovoltaics near best operational temperature, while proving that vegetation can survive under variable shade and precipitation conditions. This study evaluated photovoltaic surface temperature and power output at two heights (2 and 4 ft.) from two high-performance roof surface types, green and high-albedo (white) roof membrane, at the University of Toronto’s GRIT Lab. Photovoltaic surface temperature and power output showed dependence on height and surface type. Higher separation (4 ft.) allowed for increased biomass, improved cooling effects, and an increase in power output. This short-term study showed a successful integration of both technologies, and hence a viable option for green building practices.
Effects of Fusarium mycotoxins with yeast cell wall absorbent on hematology, serum biochemistry, and oxidative stress in broiler chickens

Abstract The objectives of the present study were to investigate the toxicity of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins on hematology, serum biochemistry, and oxidative stress of broiler chickens, and to evaluate the efficacy of yeast cell wall adsorbent (YCW) in preventing mycotoxins-induced adverse effects. A total of 300 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens (mixed sex) were randomly divided into 3 groups and received different treatments (5 repetitions per treatment). Treatments were control, naturally contaminated diet (NCD; aflatoxin, 102.08 mg/kg; zearalenone, 281.92 mg/kg; fumonisin, 5,874.38 mg/kg; deoxynivalenol, 2,038.96 mg/kg), and NCD + 2 g/kg of YCW. Broilers fed NCD showed elevated serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) at 21 d, and alanine transaminase, GGT, creatine kinase, and MDA at 42 d. Higher white blood cell, lymphocyte (LYM), platelet, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin counts at 21 d, as well as LYM in whole blood and hepatic mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 at 42 d were also observed in broilers fed with NCD compared with the control diet. However, lower mean corpuscular volume at 42 d and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) at both 21 and 42 d were observed in broilers with the NCD treatment when compared with those with the control treatment. Dietary addition of YCW at the level of 2 g/kg in addition to the NCD treatment showed a positive protective effect on GGT, T-SOD in serum, white blood cells, LYM, platelets, and hemoglobin in whole blood at 21 d, and T-SOD, MDA in serum, LYM, mean corpuscular volume in whole blood, and hepatic mRNA expression of heat-shock protein 70 at 42 d. It is suggested that feeding NCD for 42 d might result in a deleterious effect on broiler chickens, and addition of 2 g/kg of YCW can partly attenuate the detrimental effects of the NCD feeding.
COMPARISON OF SERUM HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS BETWEEN SMOKER AND NONSMOKER PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN TABRIZ SHAHID MADANI HOSPITAL DURING 2008-2009

Background: According to previous studies elevated blood total homosyteine has been suggested to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was evaluation of homosyteine serum in smoker and nonsmoker patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Eighty five patients were enrolled in this study . Forty eight patients (21smoker and 27non-smoker) diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 37 patients (14smoker and 23non-smoker) with unstable angina (UA) that admitted in Shahid Madani Heart center in Tabriz in 2008-2009. The mean age of patients with AMI and UA were 61.83±13.78 and 59.90±11.95 years, respectively. Homocysteine serum Levels were measured by Hitachi Auto analyzer. Results: The mean age of patients with AMI was 61.83±13.78 years and in patients with UA was 59.90±11.95 years (p=0.53). Mean serum levels of homocysteine were not significant difference between AMI and UA patients (17.61±11.25 μmol/L vs. 22.25±12.44, p=0.78). There was also a significant correlation between high levels of homocysteine with AMI and UA diseases in comparison with normal reference values. There were not statistically significant differences in serum homocysteine levels between smoker and nonsmoker patients in both AMI and UA groups. Conclusion: The Mean levels of Homocysteine in AMI and UA groups were not significantly different. Our study showed age of smoker patients in AMI and UA groups were significantly lower than nonsmoker patients
A pre-Rodinian ophiolite involved in the Variscan suture of Galicia (Cabo Ortegal Complex, NW Spain)

U–Pb dating of zircons from a metagabbro of the Purrido amphibolitic unit (Cabo Ortegal Complex, NW Iberian Massif) yielded an age of 1159 ± 39 Ma, interpreted to approximate the crystallization age of the gabbroic protolith. Considering the arc affinity of the metagabbroic rocks, the unit is interpreted as a pre-Rodinian ophiolite developed in a back-arc setting. It is suggested that the ophiolite was obducted over the West African terranes during the assembly of Rodinia. There, this terrane remained tectonically stable and facing an ocean for a long time, and eventually became part of the Gondwanan margin. The ophiolite was finally involved in the Variscan suture of Galicia where it is sandwiched between Palaeozoic rocks. The Purrido unit is so far the only example of a Mesoproterozoic ophiolite in the European Variscan belt, where pre-Neoproterozoic rocks are very scarce and restricted to small exposures.
MicroRNA-22 Suppresses Breast Cancer Cell Growth and Increases Paclitaxel Sensitivity by Targeting NRAS

In recent study, microRNAs have various important functions in diverse biological processes and progression of cancer. In human breast cancer, microRNA-22 has been reported to be downregulated. However, molecular mechanism of microRNA-22 in breast cancer progression and chemosensitivity has not been well studied. In our study, these results demonstrated that microRNA-22 expression levels were significantly reduced in 40 pairs of human breast cancer tissues when compared to normal tissues. Enforced expression of microRNA-22 inhibited activity of cell proliferation and cell migration in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, microRNA-22 targeted NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (NRAS) in breast cancer cells. The expression levels of NRAS in human clinical specimens were higher in breast cancer tissues when compared to normal tissues. Moreover, microRNA-22 sensitized breast cancer cells to paclitaxel by regulation of NRAS. Our results then demonstrated that microRNA-22 functioned as a tumor suppressor microRNA and indicated potential application for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the future.
Geophysical interpretation of GPS loading deformation over western Europe using GRACE measurements

We analyze more than 10 years of Global Positioning System (GPS) height residuals and vertical displacements predicted from surface mass loading observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) for 36 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations over Europe. Seasonal surface displacements, mostly due to atmospheric and hydrological loading, are significant in both GPS and GRACE measurements. With an extended time period, our new analysis based on release 05 GRACE data from Center for Space Research (CSR) shows considerably improved agreement between GPS and GRACE than that from previous studies, for not only annual but also interannual signals. The GPS height residual series at most stations exhibit reduced weighted root-mean-squares (WRMS) after removing GRACE-derived vertical displacements, which is attributed to improved accuracy of both GPS and GRACE data products. Furthermore, we demonstrate the necessity of reducing leakage bias in GRACE estimates for the study of surface loading deformation using GRACE satellite gravity observations.
Chromatic Contrast Discrimination: Data and Prediction for Stimuli Varying in L and M Cone Excitation

Chromatic discrimination data are presented for pulsed and steady stimuli as a function of surround chro- maticity and structure. All stimuli and surrounds were at equiluminance and at a constant level of short-wavelength- sensitive cone excitation. The test stimulus was a square array of four 1° squares. A 0.07° crosshair of the same chromaticity as the surround separated the squares. Both the test stimuli and the surrounds varied in relative excita- tion of the long-wavelength and middle-wavelength sensi- tive cones. When stimuli briefly replaced a portion of a steadily viewed background (the Pulse Paradigm), the dis- criminations were optimal at the background chromaticity and degraded for chromaticities away from the background. The discrimination steps were independent of the back- ground size, which varied from a spatially extensive display to one matching exactly the appearance of the test array. Discrimination was determined only by the spatio-temporal chromatic contrast of the stimulus relative to the back- ground. When the stimuli were presented continuously within a surround (the Pedestal Paradigm), discrimination was still determined by the surround chromaticity, indepen- dent of the surround size. Even a narrow 0.07° crosshair was sufficient to establish optimal discrimination at the crosshair chromaticity. With the surround and crosshair dark, spectral opponent channels maintained an intrinsic normalization near equal energy white. There was little indication of adaptation to the test stimuli. The data were fit by a model of spectral opponency linking detection and discrimination as a function of both retinal illuminance level and chromaticity. The model is explicitly based on observations of the behavior of retinal ganglion cells of the Macaque retina. The model incorporates well-accepted psy- chophysical concepts that adaptation in cone spectral-op- ponent channels occurs at multiple sites both before and after spectral opponency. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res
The sums of powers theorem for commuting block maps

A block map is a map f: {0, 1}' {0, 1) for some n 2 1. A block map f induces an endomorphismftO of the full 2-shift (X, a). Composition of block maps is defined in such a way that (f o g)O, =fO o gO,. In this paper some recent results concerning the set {g I g o f f o g} for certain types of block maps f are extended. It has been shown [2, Theorem 3.4] that the endomorphisms of the shift dynamical system over {0, 1) can be studied via block maps. An n-block is a sequence b. bn where b1 E {0, 11 for 1 < i < n, and an n-block map is a function from the set of n-blocks to the set {0, 11. Two endomorphisms commute if and only if the corresponding block maps commute. There is a 1-1 relationship between n-block maps and polynomial functions in n variables over Z2 [2, Theorem 19.1]. The commuting block maps problem has been solved in [1] for linear block maps and for block maps with polynomials of the form
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols

Recent years have brought growing recognition of the need for clinical criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), which is also called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). An Expert Subcommittee of Health Canada established the Terms of Reference, and selected an Ex- pert Medical Consensus Panel representing treating physicians, teaching faculty and researchers. A Consensus Workshop was held on March 30 to April 1, 2001 to culminate the review process and establish consensus for a clinical working case definition, diagnostic protocols and treatment protocols. We present a systematic clinical working case definition that
Chapter 8 Contaminants in Animal Products

Organic and conventional animal products may include residues of veterinary drugs and environmental contaminant. Food contaminants can cause consumer illness such as allergy, immunosuppression, cancer, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Therefore, their control is an important issue in terms of public health. In this article, information is given about contaminants such as bacterial, fungal, metal pesticides and veterinary drug that can be found in organic and conventional animal products. In addition, the effects of various cooking and freezing processes on contaminants in animal foods and their legal regulation have been mentioned.
Effects of Adding Different Proportions of Sunflower Seeds on Fatty AcidComposition of Chicken Tissues

Poultry meat becomes an essential part of our nutrition, our aim is to optimize poultry meat quality to obtain more healthy results. Because of its rich composition of desired fatty acids, we chose sunflower seeds (SS) as chicken’s food to search for the best proportion to obtain the best meat composition. A basal diet is given to chickens, with proportions of 25%, 50%, and 75% of sunflower seeds, respectively for each group. The results were very adequate: the more we add SS in chicken’s meal, the more its composition is expressed in chickens tissues. So, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the major FA, decrease for the favor of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in all tissues, linoleic acid become the major FA taking the place of Oleic Acid. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) become, fortunately, lower; it’s a target to low the content of SFA, since they have been associated with several human diseases.
Localization of Cathepsin B and L in Rat Periodontal Tissues During Experimental Tooth Movement

Cathepsins are common and well-characterized lysosomal cysteine proteinases involved in tissue destruction under pathological conditions. A recent immunocytochemical study reported that cathepsins B (CAB) and L (CAL) were localized in the periodontal ligament (PDL) of the rat molar. Further, our laboratory demonstrated that the levels of CAB and CAL in gingival crevicular fluid increased during orthodontic tooth movement. The present study focused on the localization of CAB and CAL during experimental tooth movement as well as participation by these cathepsins in the alteration of the periodontal tissues. Tooth movement was performed with the Waldo method, and the time points used for elastic band extraction were 1, 3, and 7 days after tooth movement. To determine localization of CAB and CAL using immunohistochemical analysis was used. Immunoreactivity for CAB and CAL was detected in osteoclasts and PDL fibroblasts. One day after tooth movement, the PDL fiber arrangement became coarse on both sides, and regressive lesions formed while the degree of staining for CAB and CAL increased in those cells as a whole. However, 3 days after tooth movement, many osteoclasts appeared in the compression and tension sides, and the immunoreactivity of CAB and CAL was increased in osteoclasts and fibroblasts. The present study demonstrated that CAB and CAL could be detected in PDL fibroblasts and osteoclasts and were increased in those cells following experimental tooth movement. Therefore, mechanical stress may be involved in extracellular matrix degradation and bone resorption through the stimulation of cathepsins, which is one of the important factors in the periodontal tissues.