Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of sentinel node biopsy for staging parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma

Identification of nodal involvement is important for treatment planning in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, and is facilitated by sentinel node biopsy. Although it is employed primarily for extremity tumors, we report using sentinel node biopsy in a patient with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma arising in the ethmoid sinus. Lymphoscintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography following injection of tracer at the tumor site helped identify contralateral cervical node involvement not previously recognized by physical exam, cross sectional imaging, or other functional imaging. This case demonstrates how information from sentinel node identification and biopsy can change therapy recommendations in patients with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 520–523. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrated care for pregnant women on methadone maintenance treatment: Canadian primary care cohort study.

OBJECTIVE To describe the characteristics of a national cohort of pregnant women on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and to provide treatment outcome data for integrated care programs. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Three different integrated care programs in geographically distinct cities: the Toronto Centre for Substance Use in Pregnancy in Toronto, Ont; the Herzl Family Practice Centre in Montreal, Que; and the Sheway clinic in Vancouver, BC. PARTICIPANTS Pregnant women meeting criteria for opioid dependence and attending an integrated care program between 1997 and 2009. Women were excluded if they were on MMT only for chronic pain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patient demographic characteristics, concurrent medical and psychiatric disorders, and substance use outcome data. RESULTS A total of 102 opioid-dependent pregnancies were included. The mean age was 29.7 years and 64% of women were white. Women in Montreal were more likely to have partners and had fewer children. Differences in living and housing situations among the sites tended to resolve by the time of delivery. Almost half of this cohort tested positive for hepatitis C. Women had a high prevalence of depression and anxiety across all sites. Half of this cohort was on MMT before conception and for the other half, MMT was initiated at a mean gestational age of 20.7 weeks, resulting in a mean dose of 82.4 mg at delivery. At the first visit, polysubstance use was common. Prescription opioid use was more frequent in Toronto and heroin use was more prevalent in Vancouver and Montreal. For the entire population, significant reductions were found by the time of delivery for illicit (P < .001) and prescription opioids (P = .001), cocaine (P < .001), marijuana (P = .009), and alcohol use (P < .001). CONCLUSION Despite geographic differences, all 3 integrated care programs have been associated with significant decreases in substance use in pregnant opioid-dependent women.
Ultraviolet radiation and laying pullets

1. Responses to ultraviolet (UV) radiation were studied in two trials. In one trial, sexually mature pullets, that had been maintained on an 8L:16D regimen from 2 d of age, were exposed sequentially, for periods of 9 to 12 d, to a further 8 h of very dim visible light (VDV), to 8 h of UV radiation and, finally, to an extra 8 h of normal light (conventional 16L:8D). Individual ovipositions were recorded during the last 48 h of each treatment. In the second trial, sexually mature pullets which had been allowed to ‘free-run’ for 14 d under continuous normal illumination (LL), were given, in addition to the normal light, a 12-h period of UV radiation commencing at midday or midnight for a further 15 d. During the final 48 h oviposition times were recorded and 4 food intakes for each 12-h period were determined. 2. In trial 1, mean oviposition time under VDV and UV supplementation was not significantly different from that under the 8L:16D regimen. Transfer to a 16L:8D regimen altered mean time of oviposition by about 4 h. In trial 2, eggs continued to be laid almost at random in all groups. 3. Food intake was suppressed during the 12-h period of UV supplementation compared with that when the birds were not receiving UV. 4. It is concluded that the addition of 8 h of UV radiation (at the intensity used in these studies) to 8 h of normal light does not cause a phase shift in the timing of the ‘open-period’ for pre-ovulatory luteinising hormone release which determines the time of oviposition. Furthermore, the insertion of 12-h periods of UV into continuous illumination does not entrain egg laying. 5. The suppressing effect of UV on food intake but lack of influence on the timing of the ovulatory cycle suggests that UV (at the intensity used in this study) acts principally at the retinal level and, as a result, stimulates only behavioural responses in laying birds.
Viable sampling for airborne bacteria in a poultry processing plant.

Air was sampled for viable bacteria in the shackling room of a poultry processing plant. Large numbers of bacteria were isolated from the workers’ breathing zone, and gram‐negative organisms were characterized. The probable source of airborne gram‐negative bacteria and their endotoxins was identified as the birds’ feces. These data suggest a potential health risk for workers due to inhalation of viable bacteria.
Size scaling deviation in phytoplankton photosynthesis and the energy flow through a coastal ecosystem. ICES CM 2004/Q:04

We obtained a total of 50 abundance and photosynthesis size spectra during a full annual cycle from July 2001 to July 2002 in a coastal upwelling ecosystem. On average, the slope of the size abundance spectrum was –0.82 ± 0.27. The size spectrum of cellspecific photosynthesis showed an average slope of 1.13 ± 0.36, which is significantly higher than 0.75 predicted by the size scaling theory. Assuming that phytoplankton respiration is independent of cell size, our results indicate that larger phytoplankton have higher growth rates than smaller cells do. The combination of abundance and cellspecific photosynthesis size spectra suggests that larger phytoplankton utilize a disproportionately large share of the resources within the ecosystem. The implication of these results is that an allometric deviation of the phytoplankton photosynthesis from overall allometric rules, rather than size-differential biomass accumulation, is the major responsible for a higher contribution of large sized phytoplankton to the total primary production.
First Impressions: The Case of Teacher Racial Bias

We study racial bias and the persistence of first impressions in the context of education. Teachers who begin their careers in classrooms with large black-white score gaps carry negative views into evaluations of future cohorts of black students. Our evidence is based on novel data on blind evaluations and non-blind public school teacher assessments of fourth and fifth graders in North Carolina. Negative first impressions lead teachers to be significantly less likely to over-rate but not more likely to under-rate black students' math and reading skills relative to their white classmates. Teachers' perceptions are sensitive to the lowest-performing black students in early classrooms, but non-responsive to highest-performing ones. This is consistent with the operation of confirmatory biases. Since teacher expectations can shape grading patterns and sorting into academic tracks as well as students' own beliefs and behaviors, these findings suggest that novice teacher initial experiences may contribute to the persistence of racial gaps in educational achievement and attainment.
Injectable silicone and the foot: a 41-year clinical and histologic history.

BACKGROUND Since 1964, the author has investigated injectable liquid silicone as a soft tissue substitute for the loss of plantar fat. This form of fatty tissue depletion over the sole is closely linked to a common painful weight-bearing foot disorder, metatarsalgia, and to painless diabetic foot ulcers. OBJECTIVES To present the history of injectable silicone, corporate interest, individuals who helped pursue approval, its misuses, and events that have delayed its availability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dow Corning Corporation's 360 Medical Fluid of 350 centistoke was injected beneath corns and calluses in 1585 patients. Diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers were injected after healing in an effort to prevent their recurrence. Surgical and postmortem specimens were gathered for histologic analysis. RESULTS There was no evidence of significant adverse response in long-term clinical follow-up. Silicone specimens studied by two departments of pathology found no inflammation, infection, allergy, or granulomas. CONCLUSIONS Medical Fluid silicone appears to be safe, effective, and stable biomaterial for treating weight-bearing loss of plantar fat. Trademarked PodiSil (Richard-James Inc., Peabody, MA, USA), a 350-centistoke injectable silicone has been approved for marketing in Europe for the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers.
Prevalence, risk factors, and natural history of positional plagiocephaly: a systematic review

This review synthesized current research evidence on the prevalence, risk factors, and natural history of positional plagiocephaly. Research published between 1985 and 2007 was sourced from 13 databases. Evidence was categorized according to a hierarchy and rated on a standardized critical appraisal tool. These evaluations were incorporated into a narrative synthesis of the main results. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria (prevalence: n=3, risk factors: n=17, natural history: n=1). The methodological quality of studies was fair. The point prevalence of positional plagiocephaly appears to be age‐dependent and may be as high as 22.1% at 7 weeks of age. Point prevalence tends to decrease with age and may be as low as 3.3% at 2 years. When compared with historical data, the prevalence of positional plagiocephaly appears to have remained stable over the last four decades. Assisted delivery, first born child, male sex, cumulative exposure to the supine position, and neck problems may increase the risk of positional plagiocephaly. To reduce the risk of positional placiocephaly, infants should experience a variety of positions, other than supine, while they are awake and supervised, and early treatment may be warranted for infants with neck problems and/or strong head preference.
Comparative Cell Wall Analyses of Morphological Forms Within the Genus Actinomyces

Comparative cell wall analyses were made of mycelial and smooth forms of Actinomyces bovis and A. israelii to determine the changes which occur in the cell wall composition concurrent with a change in morphology, and to evaluate cell wall analyses as a criterion for taxonomic identification within the genus Actinomyces. Cell walls of the spider forms of A. boyis had little or no aspartic acid and a high hexosamine concentration; cell walls of the smooth forms had a high aspartic acid content and low concentrations of hexosamine. Both forms had large amounts of glutamic acid, alanine, and lysine, as previously reported. A strain of Actinomyces, previously identified as A. naeslundii on the basis of morphology and aerobic growth characteristics, was found to have the basic cell wall composition of A. israelii. When transferred from the Actinomyces maintenance broth to a thioglycolate broth, the cells of this strain passed from a mycelial form through a transient filamentous morphology to become diphtheroidal with continued incubation. Concomitantly, the concentrations of glutamic acid relative to alanine decreased, and the hexosamine content increased. Variation in morphology within the species A. israelii and A. bovis could not be related to any mutual chemical change of their cell walls.
THEFT CRIMES AGAINST TOURISTS AND VISITORS

Purpose – This paper investigates the nature of theft crimes against tourist and visitors in Slovenia. The main objective of the study was to identify the characteristics of theft victims in tourist areas and to analyze the differences in risk between various crime scenes and types of crime. Design/Methodology – Using data from police crime statistics and applying a binary logistic regression, we analyzed the relationship between the crime scene and nature of the crime, as well as between the domestic/foreign status of the visitors and type of crime. Since the study uses data from official police database, one of the major challenges was to eliminate crime events from the analysis that occurred outside tourism areas. This problem was addressed by using geotagged photos from Flickr platform with different spatial queries. Findings – The findings offer evidence indicating that the victims’ backgrounds (status and age group) and accommodation type, determine their vulnerability to certain crimes. The results show that foreign victims are more likely to suffer burglary than their domestic counterparts. In addition, crimes against foreign visitors and tourists are more likely to involve seniors, amount to larger losses, and take place in hotels, motels, and camps. On the other hand, crimes against domestic visitors are more likely to take place during evenings in bars, restaurants, and in vacation homes. Originality of the research – This study shows that combining data from different public sources into one analysis allows a more reliable analysis of police crime records.
Thyroid Panel and Modified Lipid Profile among Sudanese Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

The analytical, comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the thyroid profiles and modified lipid profiles levels among Sudanese patients with coronary heart disease performed on forty-one patients with coronary heart disease as test group collected from Sudan Heart Center, Al rebat teaching hospital and Al mawada hospital in Khartoum state, during the period between November 2017 and May 2018. Furthermore, the test group compared with forty-one apparently healthy volunteers as control group was selected with the same inclusion criteria. Spectrophotometeric methods were used for measurement of lipid profile. Thyroid hormones (T3 &T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone were measured by using Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Moreover, statistical package for social science (SPSS version 23) computer software was used for data analysis. The study clearly demonstrated that there was statistically significant decrease in T3, and significant increase in T4 levels in test group compared to control with (P. value 0.047) for T3, and (P. value 0.002) for T4.Nonetheless, the result of this study indicated a significant elevation in mean of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and significant decrease in high density lipoprotein –cholesterol in test group compared to control (P.value 0.000). In conclusion Coronary heart diseases patients have significantly low Triiodothyronine, elevated Thyroxin, and normal Thyroid Stimulating Hormone levels, with significantly higher Total Cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol concentrations, and lower HighDensity Lipoprotein-Cholesterol concentrations.
Intergenerational transmission of family meal patterns from adolescence to parenthood: longitudinal associations with parents’ dietary intake, weight-related behaviours and psychosocial well-being

Abstract Objective The present study examined longitudinal associations between four family meal patterns (i.e. never had regular family meals, started having regular family meals, stopped having regular family meals, maintained having regular family meals) and young adult parents’ dietary intake, weight-related behaviours and psychosocial well-being. In addition, family meal patterns of parents were compared with those of non-parents. Design Analysis of data from the longitudinal Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Adolescents and Young Adults) study. Linear and logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between family meal patterns and parents’ dietary intake, weight-related behaviours and psychosocial well-being. Setting School and in-home settings. Subjects At baseline (1998; EAT-I), adolescents (n 4746) from socio-economically and racially/ethnically diverse households completed a survey and anthropometric measurements at school. At follow-up (2015; EAT-IV), participants who were parents (n 726) and who were non-parents with significant others (n 618) completed an online survey. Results Young adult parents who reported having regular family meals as an adolescent and as a parent (‘maintainers’), or who started having regular family meals with their own families (‘starters’), reported more healthful dietary, weight-related and psychosocial outcomes compared with young adults who never reported having regular family meals (‘nevers’; P<0·05). In addition, parents were more likely to be family meal starters than non-parents. Conclusions Results suggest that mental and physical health benefits of having regular family meals may be realized as a parent whether the routine of regular family meals is carried forward from adolescence into parenthood, or if the routine is started in parenthood.
Thr-1989 Phosphorylation Is a Marker of Active Ataxia Telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) Kinase*

The DNA damage response kinases ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) signal through multiple pathways to promote genome maintenance. These related kinases share similar methods of regulation, including recruitment to specific nucleic acid structures and association with protein activators. ATM and DNA-PK also are regulated via phosphorylation, which provides a convenient biomarker for their activity. Whether phosphorylation regulates ATR is unknown. Here we identify ATR Thr-1989 as a DNA damage-regulated phosphorylation site. Selective inhibition of ATR prevents Thr-1989 phosphorylation, and phosphorylation requires ATR activation. Cells engineered to express only a non-phosphorylatable T1989A mutant exhibit a modest ATR functional defect. Our results suggest that, like ATM and DNA-PK, phosphorylation regulates ATR, and phospho-peptide specific antibodies to Thr-1989 provide a proximal marker of ATR activation.
The Indirect Effects of Hurricanes: Evidence from Firm Internal Networks∗

Are the effects of hurricanes spatially mitigated or propagated by firms through their internal network of establishments? This paper quantifies the indirect spatial impacts of hurricanes by examining linkages that arise between disrupted and undisrupted regions via plant ties within firms. For a typical county hit by a hurricane in the United States, for every manufacturing job lost upon exposure, I estimate that an additional 0.19 to 0.25 manufacturing jobs are lost across undisrupted distant regions due to spatial propagation within multi-plant firms. The spatial propagation is consistent with mechanisms of resource-constraints and managerial distraction within the firm. Overall, the results indicate that we potentially underestimate the effects of hurricanes by ignoring inter-regional linkages emerging from firms’ internal networks. ∗Any opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Census Bureau. All results have been reviewed to ensure that no confidential information is disclosed. I’m deeply indebted to Nicholas Bloom, Shai Bernstein, Pete Klenow and Lawrence Goulder for their support and guidance with this project. This paper has also been greatly benefited by comments from Jose Barrerro, Steve Davis, Xavier Giroud, Caroline Hoxby, Brian Lucking, Megha Patnaik, Luigi Pistaferri, Cian Ruane, Isaac Sorkin, Stephen Teng Sun, and seminar participants at Stanford University. Financial support is gratefully acknowledged from the Stanford Graduate Fellowship through Stanford University’s Vice Provost for Graduate Education; and the Bradley Graduate and Post Graduate Fellowship through a grant to the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research. †Charles River Associates. ishuwar@alumni.stanford. edu
Racial differences in maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin and unconjugated oestriol levels

We assayed maternal serum samples from 134 black and 268 white women from 16 to 18 weeks of gestation for intact human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and unconjugated oestriol (uE3). Serum from women with high ( ⩾ 2·5 MOMs) or low (risk for Down syndrome ⩾ 1/365) maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (MSAFP) levels were excluded. After correcting for maternal weight, we found that median hCG levels were 16 per cent higher in black women but uE3 levels were not significantly different. These results confirm three other studies for hCG and one study for uE3. Corrections are recommended for both maternal serum hCG and AFP before calculating the risk for Down syndrome in black women.
A crystallographically characterized nine-coordinate calcium-phosphocitrate complex as calcification inhibitor in vivo.

Calcium-containing crystal deposition diseases represent a group of clinically heterogeneous calcific diseases that are a significant source of morbidity.1 Phosphorylated carboxylic acids are powerful inhibitors of biological crystallization as it relates to those diseases.2 Phosphocitrate (PC), a naturally occurring compound (Chart 1),3 is particularly potent. It has been demonstrated to inhibit the transformation of calcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)), the deposition of calcium oxalates,5 the crystallization of octacalcium phosphate (Ca8(HPO4)2(PO4)4‚5H2O), and calcium pyrophosphate (Ca2P2O7‚ 2H2O), and the formation of struvite (Mg(NH4)(PO4)‚6H2O) in vivo.8 PC has also expressed inhibitory activity against the formation of scaling Ca salts, such as calcite (CaCO3) and gypsum (CaSO4‚2H2O), related to industrial water treatment.9 In addition, allied to these later actions, PC has been noted to prevent corrosion of carbon steel surfaces.9 Overall then, the compound attracts keen interest from the viewpoint of its nontoxic nature10 and potential to influence biomineralization in many diverse biological fields. In this paper we describe the preparation and crystal and molecular structure of a polymeric mixed salt of PC, namely [CaNa(PC)2(H2O)]n (CaNaPC), and its improved calcification inhibition properties compared to its precursor, NaPC.11 CaNaPC forms by the reaction of NaPC and Ca2+ at pH ∼2 according to the balanced equation (protons on PC also shown): The structure of CaNaPC12 (Figure 1) can be described as polymeric in nature with Ca(PC)2(H2O) “monomers” linked through Na+ bridges.
Asymmetric Business Cycle Risk and Government Insurance

This paper studies the business-cycle variation in higher-order income risk—i.e., risks that are captured by moments higher than the variance. A key focus of our analysis is the extent to which such risks can be smoothed within households or with government social insurance policies. To provide a broad perspective on these questions, we study panel data on individuals and households from the United States, Germany, and Sweden, covering more than three decades of data for each country. We find that the underlying variation in higher-order risk is remarkably similar across these countries that differ in many details of their labor markets. In particular, in all three countries, the variance of earnings changes is almost entirely constant over the business cycle, whereas the skewness of these shocks becomes much more negative in recessions. Government provided insurance, in the form of unemployment insurance, welfare benefits, aid to low income households, and the like, plays a more important role reducing downside risk in all three countries; the effectiveness is weakest in the United States, and most pronounced in Germany. We calculate that the welfare benefits of social insurance policies for stabilizing higherorder income risk over the business cycle range from 1% of annual consumption for the United States to 4.5% for Sweden. JEL Codes: D31, E24, E32, H31