Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
American Trypanosomiasis Infection in Fattening Pigs from the South‐East of Mexico

American Trypanosomiasis (AT) is an infectious parasitic disease produced by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Infection is acquired by vectorial via but can also be transmitted congenitally, by ingestion of an infected host, by transfusion with contaminated blood or transplant of organs from an infected donor. Currently, AT is widely distributed from the South of the United States to South America. In Mexico, the presence of the parasite has been reported throughout the country where several reservoirs such as dogs, opossums, rats and cats have been identified. Yucatan is in the south‐east of Mexico where AT is endemic and has been reported since 1940s. There is little information about the role of pigs as reservoirs of T. cruzi. The frequency of specific antibodies against T. cruzi was determined in fattening pigs from Yucatan, Mexico. After sampling in the 3 main areas of pig production in the state, IgG ELISA and Western blot were performed to identify seropositive cases. Association of farm size, farm area and production system with infected pigs was evaluated. From 273 sampled pigs, 5.4% (n = 15) positive cases were found. No association with evaluated factors and infected pigs was found. Pigs are also reservoirs of T. cruzi in the studied area. These findings are considered important to improve vectorial control in the area in order to avoid the parasite infection in animal populations destined for human consumption and avoid further transmission to humans.
The course of nonspecific chest pain in primary care: symptom persistence and health care usage.

BACKGROUND Nonspecific chest pain is common in primary care, yet knowledge is sparse about its course and outcome and how they relate to optimum health care usage. We investigated the following observations: (1) many patients who present with nonspecific chest pain in primary care show symptom persistence for 6 months, (2) many patients with nonspecific chest pain showed signs of overinvestigation, and (3) many patients with chronic chest pain were referred to mental health specialists. METHODS We conducted a prospective, general physician-based cohort study with 6-week and 6-month follow-ups in 74 primary care offices in Hessen, Germany. Of approximately 190 000 consecutive patients who visited their general physicians from October 1, 2005, to July 31, 2006, 807 patients with nonspecific chest pain were identified by an expert committee (delayed-type reference standard). The dropout rate was 2.7%. Main outcome measures were persistent chest pain at a 6-month follow-up visit and health care usage at 6 months. RESULTS The rate of persistent chest pain was 55.5%. A total of 10.7% of patients had inappropriate health care usage, defined as 2 or more visits to a cardiologist or 3 or more cardiac diagnostic investigations. Most patients with persistent nonspecific chest pain were referred to a cardiologist, and less than 2% were referred to mental health specialists. CONCLUSIONS For most patients with nonspecific chest pain, standard medical care does not offer sufficient help for symptom relief. One-tenth of patients with persistent chest pain underwent additional diagnostic testing of no known clinical benefit. Psychological referrals were rarely given.
Responses in the posterior lobe of the rat cerebellum to electrical stimulation of cutaneous afferents to the snout.

1. Responses in the cortex of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum to electrical stimulation of afferent fibres from the skin of the snout have been analysed in decerebrate and pentobarbitone‐anaesthetized rats by means of surface and microelectrode records. Single shocks were applied either to the exposed follicles of the mystachial vibrissae or to the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve. 2. In decerebrate rats responses were mediated only via mossy fibre afferents. Stimulation of one side of the snout yielded responses with mean latency 2.4 ms throughout the uvula (largest ipsilaterally and in lobule IXa). Smaller responses with similar latency were present in both cerebellar hemispheres (largest ipsilaterally). The earliest discharges of Purkinje cells in lobule IXa occurred at latencies between 4.5 and 8.5 ms. 3. All components of the extracellular field potentials generated within the cortex by the mossy fibre input were detectable by surface recording with ball electrodes. 4. The earliest surface potentials had a latency of 0.55 ms (peak latency 0.8 ms); they arose through volume conduction from the brain stem of a potential which signalled arrival of the primary afferent volley. The short delay between this event and the arrival of the mossy fibre volley in the cerebellum suggests that only one synaptic relay occurs in the brain stem. 5. In pentobarbitone‐anaesthetized rats surface responses mediated via mossy fibres persisted and were accompanied at slightly higher threshold by responses shown to be mediated via climbing fibres. The latter were present in descending order of amplitude in three sagittally directed zones, one in contralateral Crus 2 (minimum latency 13 ms), one in the vermis contralaterally near the mid line in lobule IXa (latency 16 ms) and a third in ipsilateral Crus 2 (latency 20 ms) 6. In the hemisphere the responses mediated via climbing fibres occurred within the somewhat larger zones activated via mossy fibres but in the vermis the two types of trigemino‐cerebellar input influenced quite separate areas of cortex.
Serum β-trace protein and risk of mortality in incident hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Residual kidney function in dialysis patients is associated with better survival, but there are no simple methods for its assessment. β-Trace protein is a novel endogenous filtration marker of kidney function that is not removed during hemodialysis and may serve as a marker for residual kidney function similar to serum creatinine in patients not on dialysis. The objective of this study was to determine the association of serum β-trace protein with mortality in incident hemodialysis patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Serum β-trace protein was measured in baseline samples from 503 participants of a national prospective cohort study of incident dialysis patients with enrollment during 1995-1998 and follow-up until 2004. Outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality analyzed using Cox regression adjusted for demographic, clinical, and treatment factors. RESULTS Serum β-trace protein levels were higher in individuals with no urine output compared with individuals with urine output (9.0±3.5 versus 7.6±3.1 mg/L; P<0.001). There were 321 deaths (159 deaths from cardiovascular disease) during follow-up (median=3.3 years). Higher β-trace protein levels were associated with higher risk of mortality. The adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for all-cause mortality per doubling of serum β-trace protein was 1.36 (1.09-1.69). The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality in the middle and highest tertiles compared with the lowest tertile were 0.95 (0.69-1.32) and 1.72 (1.25-2.37). Similar results were noted for cardiovascular disease mortality. CONCLUSIONS The serum level of β-trace protein is an independent predictor of death and cardiovascular disease mortality in incident hemodialysis patients.
The improvement of renal concentration capacity after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism

Background Improvement of renal concentration capacity was long ago shown to occur after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Study of concentration capacity is of interest, as it was also shown to be a predictive factor for the risk of death in patients with pHPT, and it affected the risk of death independently of 33 other variables in multivariate analysis.
Reduced cladding mode losses in tilted gratings that are rotationally symmetric

We present a novel method to manipulate mode coupling by using tilted gratings written in standard fiber that is rotated during the writing process. We show theoretically that such gratings exhibit significantly reduced transmission losses in the 15-nm wavelength range below the main core-to-core reflection peak. By combining with existing methods, cladding mode losses can be further reduced.
Negative workplace behaviours: an ethical dilemma for nurse managers.

AIMS To discover nurse managers' perception of negative workplace behaviours (bullying) encountered by staff on their unit. Background Negative workplace behaviour is a worldwide phenomenon happening in all types of work settings. Absent from the literature were studies specific to the nurse managers' perception on this topic. METHODS A phenomenological qualitative research methodology was used to gain insight into the perceptions of nurse managers about negative workplace behaviours that they have observed or addressed. RESULTS Nurse Managers described their perceptions of, and experiences pertaining to, instances of negative workplace behaviour. Six themes emerged from the data analysis: 'that's just how she is', 'they just take it', 'a lot of things going on', 'old baggage', 'three sides to a story' and 'a management perspective'. CONCLUSION Nurse Managers had observed, experienced and/or had received reports of negative workplace behaviours. While some felt comfortable addressing the behaviour, others experienced ethical dilemmas when trying to treat all fairly. IMPLICATIONS The results of the present study provide guidance for nurse managers to address negative workplace behaviours occurring on their units.
A subcomplex of three eIF3 subunits binds eIF1 and eIF5 and stimulates ribosome binding of mRNA and tRNAiMet

Yeast translation initiation factor 3 contains five core subunits (known as TIF32, PRT1, NIP1, TIF34 and TIF35) and a less tightly associated component known as HCR1. We found that a stable subcomplex of His8‐PRT1, NIP1 and TIF32 (PN2 subcomplex) could be affinity purified from a strain overexpressing these eIF3 subunits. eIF5, eIF1 and HCR1 co‐purified with this subcomplex, but not with distinct His8‐PRT1–TIF34–TIF35 (P45) or His8‐PRT1–TIF32 (P2) sub complexes. His8‐PRT1 and NIP1 did not form a stable binary subcomplex. These results provide in vivo evidence that TIF32 bridges PRT1 and NIP1, and that eIFs 1 and 5 bind to NIP1, in native eIF3. Heat‐treated prt1‐1 extracts are defective for Met‐tRNAiMet binding to 40S subunits, and we also observed defective 40S binding of mRNA, eIFs 1 and 5 and eIF3 itself in these extracts. We could rescue 40S binding of Met‐ tRNAiMet and mRNA, and translation of luciferase mRNA, in a prt1‐1 extract almost as well with purified PN2 subcomplex as with five‐subunit eIF3, whereas the P45 subcomplex was nearly inactive. Thus, several key functions of eIF3 can be carried out by the PRT1–TIF32–NIP1 subcomplex.
Frequency of Epilepsies in Family Members of Patients with Different Epileptic Syndromes

Aim: To determine the frequency of epilepsies in the family members of epileptic patients. Methods: The records of 4,851 patients with epilepsy were reviewed. The frequency and patterns of different epilepsies and epileptic syndromes in the patients, number of affected relatives and consanguinity were studied. Results: A total of 1,753 patients were excluded due to various reasons. Of the remaining patients, 296 (9.5% of 3,098) had first- or second-degree relatives affected with seizures. The incidence of family history in the localization-related cryptogenic epilepsies group was significantly higher than all other groups (246 patients). Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy was the most frequent epileptic syndrome (34 patients). Consanguinity was detected in 56 patients, and 33 (58.9%) of these subjects were in the localization-related cryptogenic epilepsies group. Of all subjects, 59 (19.9%) had more than 1 epileptic family member. The ratio of affected first- to second-degree relatives was 202/94. Conclusions: A considerable number of the relatives of epileptic patients have seizures. The risk of relatives being affected depends on their relationship with the proband. Genetic factors may play an almost equal role in the predisposition of relatives to epilepsy in families of probands with cryptogenic and idiopathic epileptic syndromes.
Inhibition of biofilms associated with dentures and toothbrushes by tetrasodium EDTA

Aims: We examined the efficacy of tetrasodium EDTA in eradicating biofilms derived from salivary inocula or pure cultures of Candida albicans on discs of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base or on toothbrushes that had been used normally for 4–8 weeks. Its efficiency in virus neutralization was also determined.
LOS NIVELES DE HOMOFOBIA DE LOS FUTUROS DOCENTES: UNA CUESTIÓN DE DERECHOS, SALUD MENTAL Y EDUCACIÓN

SINTESIS: La homofobia es una de las principales causas de discriminacion dentro de los centros de ensenanza. El alumnado lesbico, gay, bisexual y transexual (en adelante lgbt) sufre un tipo de acoso especifico que se traduce, entre otras cuestiones, en mayores porcentajes de suicidios y trastornos mentales. Esta situacion, conocida por la comunidad cientifi ca, ha derivado en varios paises –como Ecuador– en politicas educativas para la erradicacion de la homofobia mediante legislaciones y planes de estudios que asi lo establecen. Desde esta perspectiva, resultar licito plantearse si estas nuevas politicas educativas estan logrando formar a las nuevas generaciones de docentes para que puedan atender la diversidad afectivo sexual existente en las escuelas e institutos. Con la intencion de dar respuesta a esta pregunta, se presentan los resultados de una investigacion que valoro los niveles de homofobia del profesorado ecuatoriano. La muestra estuvo constituida por 465 futuros docentes (n= 465) que estaban realizando el ultimo curso del grado de Magisterio. Para la evaluacion se diseno un cuestionario que posteriormente fue validado mediante una comision de expertos y un estudio piloto. En el presente articulo se exponen los resultados obtenidos, asi como las posibles discusiones que de ellos se pudieran extraen.
Lower bounds for the runtime of a global multi-objective evolutionary algorithm

While for single-objective evolutionary algorithms many sharp run-time analyses exist, there are only few for multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), and even fewer for global MOEAs, that is, MOEAs using standard bit mutation (instead of 1-bit mutation, which is easier to analyze, but less common in practice). For example, there is not a single lower bound result for the runtime of the classic “global simple evolutionary multiobjective optimizer” (GSEMO) on the biobjective test function LeadingOnesTrailingZeros (LOTZ). An upper bound of O(n2/p), where p ≤ 1/n is the mutation probability, for this runtime was proven ten years ago by Giel (CEC 2003). In this work, we show that this bound is sharp for small values of p, namely p <; n-7/4.
A further investigation of the importance of pain cognition and behaviour in pain rehabilitation: longitudinal data suggest disability and fear of movement are most important

Background: Tailored treatments are topical in pain rehabilitation. One key issue for correlational studies is the identification of factors having a potential causal impact on essential treatment outcomes. Objective: To study associations between pain beliefs and disability with regard to the amount and time-frame of available data. Design: A prospective, correlational design. Subjects and setting: Ninety-two patients consulting physical therapists in primary care for persistent musculoskeletal pain. Main measures: The Pain Disability Index, the Self-Efficacy Scale and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. Results: Functional self-efficacy and fear of movement/(re)injury explained variance in pain-related disability pretreatment (adj R2 = 0.41). Self-efficacy was the most salient predictor. Adding data from immediately post treatment decreased explained variance (adj R2 = 0.25). Functional self-efficacy and fear of movement/ (re)injury lost their significant contribution in favour of pain-related disability at baseline. Change scores in functional self-efficacy and fear of movement/(re)injury accounted for a modest share of explained variance in change scores of disability (adj R2 = 0.11). Fear of movement/(re)injury but not functional self-efficacy was related to a reliable change in pain-related disability. Conclusions: Longitudinal data suggest that pretreatment levels of pain-related disability and changes in fear of movement/(re)injury are most important to immediate treatment outcomes and individual reliable change. Disability and elevated fear of movement/(re)injury should therefore be addressed in tailored pain treatments.
Relaparotomies after cesarean sections: risk factors, indications, and management

Abstract Objective: To establish the frequency of post-cesarean relaparotomy, identify its risk factors, indications, and operative management. Methods: This study was a retrospective matched case control study. Records of all women who underwent a cesarean section (CS) from July 2006 to March 2012 were reviewed. We identified all women who had a relaparotomy within 1 month from their CS. For each woman, two women were matched. We analyzed data regarding obstetrical history, current gestation, surgical parameters, and outcome. Results: A total of 14,637 CS were performed during this period, of these, 58 cases required a relaparotomy (0.4%). In univariate analysis, female sex and duration of CS were associated with an increased risk for relaparotomy. In multivariate analysis, multiple pregnancies, general anesthesia, duration of operation, and female sex, independently increased the risk for relaparotomy. The leading indications for relaparotomy were hemodynamic shock and subcutaneous hematoma. The most common interventions during relaparotomy were cauterization of subcutaneous vessels, and ligation of large vessels. Overall, women requiring relaparotomy received, on average, 16 units of blood products. Conclusions: This study highlights risk factors associated with post-cesarean relaparotomy. Surgeons might use this important data to identify women at risk beforehand, and thus, reduce the morbidity associated with relaparotomy.
The co-occurrence of pain and depression in adults with multiple sclerosis.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE To define the rates of pain, depression, and their co-occurrence in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN Participants were 161 persons with MS who previously participated in research and indicated a willingness to be contacted for future studies. Data were collected via postal survey and included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depressive symptoms and a numerical rating scale (0-10) for pain. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analyses, and odds ratios were calculated to describe the prevalence, difference, and likelihood of depression, pain, and their comorbidity. RESULTS Some level of pain was experienced by 73% of the sample, with 40% of the entire sample reporting moderate or worse pain severity. Clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms were reported by 22% of the sample, and 8% reported sufficient symptoms to meet major depressive episode diagnostic criteria. Of persons meeting depression criteria, 86-100% reported experiencing any pain; 67-77% of persons meeting depression criteria reported experiencing pain of at least moderate severity. Of persons experiencing any pain, 11-34% met depression criteria; 15-37% of persons experiencing pain of at least moderate severity met depression criteria. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Pain and depression co-occur frequently in persons with MS. However, it is more common for individuals with depression to report pain than for individuals with pain to endorse symptoms of depression. Future studies should explore the implications of this co-occurrence, such as whether these individuals experience greater levels of disability, higher medical costs, or fewer benefits from treatment than persons with either condition alone.
Interactions between working memory and language in young children with specific language impairment (SLI)

The underlying structure of working memory (WM) in young children with and without specific language impairment (SLI) was examined. The associations between the components of WM and the language abilities of young children with SLI were then analyzed. The Automated Working Memory Assessment and four linguistic tasks were administered to 58 children with SLI and 58 children without SLI, aged 4–5 years. The WM of the children was best represented by a model with four separate but interacting components of verbal storage, visuospatial storage, verbal central executive (CE), and visuospatial CE. The associations between the four components of WM did not differ significantly for the two groups of children. However, the individual components of WM showed varying associations with the language abilities of the children with SLI. The verbal CE component of WM was moderately to strongly associated with all the language abilities in children with SLI: receptive vocabulary, expressive vocabulary, verbal comprehension, and syntactic development. These results show verbal CE to be involved in a wide range of linguistic skills; the limited ability of young children with SLI to simultaneously store and process verbal information may constrain their acquisition of linguistic skills. Attention should thus be paid to the language problems of children with SLI, but also to the WM impairments that can contribute to their language problems.
Assessment of the accuracy of estimation of gestational age in cattle from placentome size using inverse regression

Abstract AIMS: To assess, in dairy cows between 60–160 days of gestation, whether the agreement between actual gestational age and that predicted by placentome size could be improved by using individual placentome measurements rather than a single average, and to identify how increasing the number of placentomes measured improved the prediction. METHODS: Data were obtained from 58 cows examined using transrectal ultrasonography every 10 days between 60–130 days, and every 15 days between 130–160 days of gestation. For each cow, four to six placentomes in each of the pregnant and non-pregnant horns were examined from the region of the uterus near to the cervix. A mixed-effects model, which included cow as a random effect, and a simple linear regression which ignored within-cow correlation, were fitted to the data. Inverse regression was used to compare the 95% prediction bands obtained for estimating gestational age using the means of three, five or eight placentome measurements. RESULTS: The fit of the mixed effects model was better than a simple linear regression (p<0.001) but the fitted lines from the two models were very similar. Using the simple regression model, for a mean placentome length of 15 mm estimated gestational age was 100 days, with 95% CI of 68–131 days for measurement of three placentomes, and 80–120 days for eight placentomes. CONCLUSIONS: The agreement between placentome size and gestational age was improved by increasing the number of placentomes measured. Direct comparison of these CI with those for other published fetal measures was not possible as similar prediction bands have not previously been calculated for fetal measures; however one study reported a residual SD which had been calculated using size measurements as the predictor variable and age as the response variable. Using these data 95% CI were calculated to be ±9 days for crown-rump length and ±25 days for uterine diameter. These are likely to be an underestimate of the true CI and do not take account of the increase in variance of the difference between predicted and actual gestational age as gestational age increases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Placentome measurement may be useful for estimating fetal age in late gestation. Further research is required to better establish the agreement between gestational age and the fetal measurements which are currently used to estimate fetal age.