Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of Nigerian Indigenous Goat

Small ruminants play a very significant but often underestimated role in the livelihoods of rural farmers in Nigeria (Ajala et al. 2008). They are also an important source of animal protein and immediate cash, and have a variety of socio-cultural values (Odoi et al. 2000). Sahel (S), Red Sokoto (RS), Kano Brown (KB) and West African dwarf (WAD) goats are the most important goat populations found in Nigeria. The Sahel goats (Borno White or Kyalla) are common in the arid or Sahel region of the country. It is medium to large in size, long legged, and covered with coat of short fine hair and ears are long and droppy (Akpa et al. 1998). The Red Sokoto (Maradi) goat is the most numerous goat breed in Nigeria. It was originally confined to the Niger Republic and Sokoto province, but has now spread This study was conducted to determine the genetic relationships among and population history of four Nigerian indigenous goat populations. A total of 200 goats from three breeds namely Sahel (60), Red Sokoto (60), West-African dwarf (60) and Kano Brown, a strain (20), were used for the study. Tissue samples were collected from the ear of animals using an Allflex® ear punch tissue sample collector, and aliquoted into plastic tubes containing the Allflex® tissue preservative. DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing were carried out at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya. Genetic analysis of the DNA was carried out using 25 microsatellite markers proposed by Food and Agricultural Organization and International Society for Animal Genetics (FAO-ISAG). From the results of the study, the highest heterozygosity was observed in Kano Brown goats (0.68±0.04), which was followed by that of Red Sokoto goats (0.64±0.04) and that of West African dwarf goat (0.58±0.05) as the least. In the entire goat populations, low inbreeding was observed; mean Fis was 0.105 and Fit was 0.129. As expected, populations of Red Sokoto and Kano Brown showed higher genetic similarity as was seen in the genetic distance (0.022), confirming the notion that the Kano Brown is a strain from the Red Sokoto breed. Gene flow (Nm) played an important role in the genetic uniformity in populations of narrow geographical vicinity (14.868). The dendogram displayed a remarkable degree of consistency with the geographical origin of goats in this country. The information obtained in this study will aid in rational development, utilization and conservation of Nigerian indigenous goats.
A 3-D hybrid finite-difference—finite-element viscoelastic modelling of seismic wave motion

SUMMARY We have developed a new hybrid numerical method for 3-D viscoelastic modelling of seismic wave propagation and earthquake motion in heterogeneous media. The method is based on a combination of the fourth-order velocity–stress staggered-grid finite-difference (FD) scheme, that covers a major part of a computational domain, with the second-order finite-element (FE) method which can be applied to one or several relatively small subdomains. The FD and FE parts causally communicate at each time level in the FD–FE transition zone consisting of the FE Dirichlet boundary, FD–FE averaging zone and FD Dirichlet zone. The implemented FE formulation makes use of the concept of the global restoring-force vector which significantly reduces memory requirements compared to the standard formulation based on the global stiffness matrix. The realistic attenuation in the whole medium is incorporated using the rheology of the generalized Maxwell body in a definition equivalent to the generalized Zener body. The FE subdomains can comprise extended kinematic or dynamic models of the earthquake source or the free-surface topography. The kinematic source can be simulated using the body-force term in the equation of motion. The traction-at-split-node method is implemented in the FE method for simulation of the spontaneous rupture propagation. The hybrid method can be applied to a variety of problems related to the numerical modelling of earthquake ground motion in structurally complex media and source dynamics.
A Preliminary Survey for Spiders on St. Kitts, West Indies with Comparative Notes on Nevis

A survey of the spider fauna of the island of St. Kitts, West Indies was carried out in early 2007 and compared with those found on the neighbouring island of Nevis in 2006. Eighteen localities in 17 habitats were sampled both natural and influenced by human activities. Specimens were collected by implementing visual search and sweep-netting techniques. Spiders were also collected from the nests of the mud-dauber wasps Sceliphron sp. The survey produced 36 species in 15 families, with human influenced habitats exhibiting higher species diversity than natural habitats on both islands, and six additional species not found on Nevis. The families Araneidae and Tetragnathidae also contained a majority of the species found on both islands. Ke y words: Spiders, St. Kitts, Nevis, web-building, Araneidae, Tetragnathidae.
Changing Community Colleges: Early Lessons from Completion by Design.

To address these challenges, community college leaders and concerned funders typically focus efforts on a single institutional component that they consider to be most problematic or as presenting the most pressing needs. For example, they may institute a reform that promises to improve developmental education outcomes. The designers of Completion by Design (CBD) at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, however, believe that these types of piecemeal interventions cannot fix the problem of low community college graduation rates. Evaluations of postsecondary reforms that narrowly address just one or two of the barriers students face corroborate this belief.3
The Role of Investment Banks in Acquisitions

We compare acquisitions completed with and without investment bank advice over the 1981 to 1992 period. We find that the choice to use an investment bank depends on the complexity of the transaction, the type of transaction (takeovers versus acquisitions of assets), the acquiror's prior acquisition experience, and the degree of diversification of the target firm. Although acquisition announcement returns are lower for firms using investment banks, this difference can be explained by differences in transaction characteristics. These results suggest that transaction costs are the main determinant of investment banking choice, followed by contracting costs and asymmetric information costs. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
The Relationship between Internal Service Quality and Organizational Performance in Iran's Ministry of Sports and Youth

The purpose of this study was that the relationship between internal service quality and organizational performance from the perspective of Ministry of sports and youth sports experts to review. The research method in this study was Descriptive and correlation method. Sports experts of Ministry of Sports and Youth have established Statistical population of research that they all participated in the study. For this purpose, Di Xie's (2005) Internal Service Quality questionnaire And Cho's Organizational Performance questionnaire (2009) was used. Reliability of questionnaires after a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha test, respectively (α=0/81) and (α=0/82) were obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods for data analysis were used. The findings showed that between internal service quality and organizational performance in sports experts of Ministry of Sports and Youth, there is significant positive correlation (rs=0/421, p<0/01). Also among internal service quality levels, positive relationship between internal service quality in organizational level and organizational performance was significantly (rs=0/627, p<0/01). The research findings on the importance of internal service quality and its levels as one of the factors affecting performance level increase Ministry of Sports and Youth has stressed. Thus, leaders and human resource managers of sports organizations and especially the Ministry of Sports and Youth, must fit the strategic plans through designing and implementing the activities of the organization, improving internal service quality in order to provide improved organizational performance. KEYWORD: Internal Service Quality, Organizational Performance, Ministry of Sports and Youth.
Evaluation of hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis methods for discrimination of primary biological aerosol

Abstract. In this paper we present improved methods for discriminating and quantifying primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) by applying hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis to multi-parameter ultraviolet-light-induced fluorescence (UV-LIF) spectrometer data. The methods employed in this study can be applied to data sets in excess of 1 × 106 points on a desktop computer, allowing for each fluorescent particle in a data set to be explicitly clustered. This reduces the potential for misattribution found in subsampling and comparative attribution methods used in previous approaches, improving our capacity to discriminate and quantify PBAP meta-classes. We evaluate the performance of several hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis linkages and data normalisation methods using laboratory samples of known particle types and an ambient data set. Fluorescent and non-fluorescent polystyrene latex spheres were sampled with a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Spectrometer (WIBS-4) where the optical size, asymmetry factor and fluorescent measurements were used as inputs to the analysis package. It was found that the Ward linkage with z-score or range normalisation performed best, correctly attributing 98 and 98.1 % of the data points respectively. The best-performing methods were applied to the BEACHON-RoMBAS (Bio–hydro–atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics and Nitrogen–Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study) ambient data set, where it was found that the z-score and range normalisation methods yield similar results, with each method producing clusters representative of fungal spores and bacterial aerosol, consistent with previous results. The z-score result was compared to clusters generated with previous approaches (WIBS AnalysiS Program, WASP) where we observe that the subsampling and comparative attribution method employed by WASP results in the overestimation of the fungal spore concentration by a factor of 1.5 and the underestimation of bacterial aerosol concentration by a factor of 5. We suggest that this likely due to errors arising from misattribution due to poor centroid definition and failure to assign particles to a cluster as a result of the subsampling and comparative attribution method employed by WASP. The methods used here allow for the entire fluorescent population of particles to be analysed, yielding an explicit cluster attribution for each particle and improving cluster centroid definition and our capacity to discriminate and quantify PBAP meta-classes compared to previous approaches.
Environmental factors affecting kid mortality in Shami goats.

Suriye’de Şam’in guneyindeki Izra’a arastirma istasyonunda bulunan 1.190 Şam kecisi oglaklarindan 1993 ve 2006 yillari arasinda veriler toplanmistir. Toplanan veriler oglaklarin dogum ve dogumdan 4 gun sonra ile 90. gundeki sutten kesim arasindaki surede olum oranlarina etki eden cevresel faktorleri degerlendirmek icin kullanilmistir. Dogum ve sutten kesimdeki olum oranlarinin en kucuk kareler ortalamalari sirasiyla 0.12±0.01 ve 0.06±0.01 olarak bulunmustur. Gebelik sayisi dogum ve sutten kesimdeki olum oranlarini onemli duzeyde etkilemistir (P<0.05). Yil faktoru dogumdaki olum oranini etkilerken, sutten kesime bir etki yapmamistir. Ayni sekilde dogumdaki oglak sayisi da dogum anindaki olum oranini etkilerken sutten kesim donemine bir etki olusturmamistir. Sonuc olarak Şam kecisi oglaklarinin olum oranlarinin cevresel sartlar tarafindan etkilendigi fakat bu oranin iyi bakimla dusurulebilecegi belirlenmistir.
Repeatability of volume calculations of the fetal urinary bladder

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the intra- and inter-observer variation of the manual 3D Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis (VOCAL) in calculating fetal bladder volume and compare results from VOCAL with Sonography-based Automated Volume Count (SonoAVC) and a mathematical calculation based on three radiuses. METHODS: Forty-five women attending the second trimester routine scan at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway were included in a prospective observational study. 3D acquisition of the fetal bladder was performed with Voluson E8 and the results were compared with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), repeatability coefficient and limits of agreement. RESULTS: Good intra-observer agreement for both examiners was observed. ICCs were 0.98 and 0.99 and the repeatability coefficients were ± 27 and ± 25 mm 3 . However, we found a significant difference between the two observers. The mean difference was 20 mm 3 (95% CI 9-32). Inter-observer ICC was 0.96. The mean volume based on radiuses was 148 (SD 14) mm 3 vs. 145 (SD 14) mm 3 based on VOCAL and 161 (SD 16) mm 3 based on SonoAVC. The mean volume based on SonoAVC was significant larger than volumes based on radiuses. The ICCs between methods were good and varied from 0.82 to 0.93. The mean time used in calculating volumes was 94 seconds using VOCAL, 86 seconds using SonoAVC and 28 seconds calculating from radiuses. CONCLUSIONS: VOCAL and SonoAVC did not show advantages compared to calculations based on radiuses . Therefore, we recommend calculating volumes of spherical fetal organs from three radiuses because this method was easiest to perform.
Immigration, Trade and Product Differentiation

Immigrant-trade links are examined with an emphasis placed on variation across product types and home country income classifications. Data for the US and 70 trading partners spanning the 1980-1997 period are employed. We find the immigrant-trade relationship varies based on degree of product differentiation and by home country per-capita income. In response to a hypothetical 10 percent increase in the immigrant stock variable, US imports of differentiated goods from high income countries increase by approximately 2 percent. A like increase in the immigrant stock from low income countries increases US differentiated goods imports by 4.25 percent, while exports of homogenous goods increase by 2.5 to 4.3 percent. Imports of homogenous goods from high income nations and exports of all product types to these nations appear unaffected by immigrant stock levels.
The description-experience gap and its relation to instructional control: Do people rely more on their experience than in objective descriptions?

The present work aims to reveal contradictory results obtained on two different fields; particularly from two sudies conducted on the description-experience gap field showing that descriptions are neglected when prsonal experience is available (1,2), and several others conducted on the instructional control field getting y the opposite conclusion (3–8). To account for this contradiction, we hypothesized that participants from the studies of Jessup, Bishara and Busemeyer (1) and Lejarraga and Gonzalez (2) relied on their experience rather than on the descriptions because of the difficult, demanding nature of the probabilistic descriptions they faced. Enriched descriptions were created in our experiment to assess the contribution of this factor to the differential influence of the descriptions in choice behavior. Nonetheless, our hypothesis did not find support in the results and further research is needed to account for the aforementioned contradiction.
Impact of new subway line on nearby housing price: Moderating effect of network centrality

In both academic and policy domains, how public transportation improvement affects property values within adjacent regions has been continously debated and has attracted attention. Multifarious studies have been conducted which tend to support significant relationship between transit development and surrounding property values. However, the most common way of arguing the effect of transit development on property value is addressing the transit accessibility by including just ‘proximity’ to transit station in the analysis. In addition to just ‘proximity’, it is necessary to consider the varying importance of each transportation node in a transit network for a wider understanding and arguing of relationship between transit development and property value. Based on the concept of ‘network centrality’, each subway station is considered as a transit node in an entire subway network in a city. How the varying importance of each subway station in a subway network and substantial variation in accessibility throughout the network have significant effect to housing price are argued in this study. This study analyzes the impact of line 9 in Seoul on nearby housing price and how the network centrality of each station can have significant influence. Specifically, in cross-sectional analysis, how the network centrality can have an important role in determining nearby housing price after the first opening and the second extension of line 9 is analyzed. On the other hand, in inter-temporal analysis, how the network centrality can have moderating effect on the direct marginal price impact of the first opening and the second extension of line 9 is analyzed. The result of the study showed that the network centrality value is an influential determinant of nearby housing price both after the first opening and after the second extension of line 9. Also, the network centrality value has the moderating effect for the marginal price impact of the first opening and the second extension of line 9. Among the four types of network centrality, the closeness centrality and the betweenness centrality have great importance compared to the degree centrality and the eigenvector centrality. Effectiveness of a certain station in order to using both line 9 stations and also other stations in the network is an important factor for determining housing price. In addition, in terms of the betweenness, each station’s role as an important ‘mediator’ in the network so the user can easily use other lines or stations also is another important factor for determining housing price. This study suggests that consideration about the relative importance of each subway station in the entire subway network needs to be included in assessment of a certain transport policy implementation with proper measurement of development profit. In addition, consideration about the network centrality can bring more benefit to design better transportation policy with effective linkage to various housing supply policy.
The Effect of Water Extract From Wild Thyme on Colorado Potato Beetle Feeding

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water extracts prepared from fresh and dry matter of wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) on feeding adults and larvae of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory, in six replicates. Dry extracts were prepared at concentration of 2%, 5% and 10%, while the fresh plant at concentration of 10%, 20% and 30%. Feeding intensity assessment was conducted by dipping leaves of potato in respective solutions of the extracts and determining the mass of food consumed by adults and larvae, and changes of larvae body weight once daily. In addition, absolute deterrence index and palatability index were calculated. The results of the experiment showed that for an efficient limitation of the feeding adult Colorado potato beetles, an extract from dry matter of wild thyme with a concentration of at least 10% should be used. L4 larvae appear to be considerably more susceptible to the effect of T. serpyllum extract. In their case, an efficient limitation of the feeding, as well as body weight gain can be obtained using extracts from both dry and fresh matter, at concentrations of over 5% for dry matter and over 20% for fresh matter. With the increase of extract concentration, the value of the calculated palatability index decreases, and the deterrence index value increases.
A Study on Nursing Students’ Elderly Patient Simulation Experience

This study was conducted to examine the effects of the elderly patient`s simulation experience on attitudes toward elderly and elderly patients, and empathy of elderly patients among nursing students. Study results showed that elderly patient`s simulation experience did not have significant effects on attitudes toward elderly or elderly patients, whereas it had significant effect on enhancing the empathy on elderly patients. The subjects of experimental group indicated that the factors decreasing the effect of intervention are single event of experience, raising aging anxiety, lack of the reality of simulation clothing, and risk of accident during simulation experience, etc. In order to maximize the positive effects of the elderly patient`s simulation program, it is necessary to find a way to improve those limiting factors identified from this study, and to continue to work on positive effects of elderly simulation applied for their curriculum.
A global analysis of the impact of drought on net primary productivity

We investigated the impact of drought on interan- nual variability of net primary productivity (NPP) from 1997 to 2009, using the standardized precipitation evapotranspira- tion index (SPEI) drought index and satellite-derived vege- tation greenness converted to NPP. SPEI is positive for wet conditions and negative for dry conditions. We found that SPEI and NPP were coupled and showed in-phase behaviour on a global scale. We then used the Koppen climate classifi- cation to study the SPEI-NPP relations regionally and found that while NPP and SPEI were positively related (high SPEI, high NPP) in arid and in seasonal dry regions, the opposite occurs in most boreal regions (high SPEI, low NPP). High intensity drought events, such as the 2003 drought in Eu- rope were picked up by our analysis. Our findings suggest that the strong positive relation between global average mois- ture availability and NPP consists of a composite of the posi- tive relation across dry regions and the coherent NPP decline during and after intensive drought events in humid regions. Importantly, we also found that there are many areas on the globe that show no strong correlation between drought and NPP.
Effects of dietary vitamin E and organic selenium supplementation on the oxidative stability of lamb meat

A total of 72 healthy F1 lambs (Suffolk♂ × Small Tailed Han sheep♀) were allocated to nine groups in a 3×3 factorial design to study the effects of dietary vitamin E (VE) and selenium supplementation on the oxidative stability of lamb meat. Dietary VE supplementation (500 or 1000 IU/d) increased α-tocopherol concentrations in serum and longissimus muscle (P<0.01). Se supplementation (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg DM of concentrate) increased Se concentrations in serum and longissimus muscle (P<0.05), but no influence on the lipid oxidation, discolouration and water retention of muscle. VE supplementation at 500 and 1000 IU/d significantly decreased drip loss of longissimus muscle (P<0.05) and improved the oxidative stability of lamb meat during the whole period of storage (P<0.01). VE supplementation increased a* values of longissimus muscle at d 10-13 of storage at 4°C (P<0.05).