Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional organization of intrinsic and feedback presynaptic inputs in the primary visual cortex

Significance Elucidating how different types of presynaptic inputs to a brain area are functionally organized is crucial for understanding how incoming information is integrated. Here, we introduce presynaptic-targeted genetically encoded calcium indicators in two colors and mapped the functional organization of two major input pathways—primary visual cortex (V1) intrinsic and V2–V1 feedback—to tree shrew V1. Axon boutons of both input pathways are spatially organized according to their orientation preferences, forming orientation maps aligned to the V1 map. Nonselective integration of intrinsic inputs around dendritic trees reproduced neuronal orientation preference, suggesting a reinforcing role for intrinsic inputs to the neuronal map. Beyond the specific findings, the experimental approaches we introduced here could significantly expand the toolbox for exploring the organization of neural circuits. In the primary visual cortex (V1) of many mammalian species, neurons are spatially organized according to their preferred orientation into a highly ordered map. However, whether and how the various presynaptic inputs to V1 neurons are organized relative to the neuronal orientation map remain unclear. To address this issue, we constructed genetically encoded calcium indicators targeting axon boutons in two colors and used them to map the organization of axon boutons of V1 intrinsic and V2–V1 feedback projections in tree shrews. Both connections are spatially organized into maps according to the preferred orientations of axon boutons. Dual-color calcium imaging showed that V1 intrinsic inputs are precisely aligned to the orientation map of V1 cell bodies, while the V2–V1 feedback projections are aligned to the V1 map with less accuracy. Nonselective integration of intrinsic presynaptic inputs around the dendritic tree is sufficient to reproduce cell body orientation preference. These results indicate that a precisely aligned map of intrinsic inputs could reinforce the neuronal map in V1, a principle that may be prevalent for brain areas with function maps.
Soluble Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 and Retinoic Acid are Potential Tools for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Vedolizumab: A Proof of Concept Study

Background Vedolizumab (VDZ), a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting α4β7 integrin, is effective in induction and maintenance therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who have not adequately responded to standard therapies, and high levels of vedolizumab trough levels (VTL) have been associated with clinical remission. The α4β7 integrin binds to endothelial MAdCAM-1 and is up-regulated by retinoic acid (RA). Aim To determine the relations between soluble MAdCAM-1 (sMAdCAM-1) and RA concentrations with clinical remission during VDZ maintenance therapy. Methods In a retrospective study performed in IBD patients treated with VDZ we measured VTL, sMAdCAM-1 and RA concentrations. Results Among the 62 included patients (38 Crohn's disease) 24 relapsed and 38 stayed in remission between weeks 10 to 30 after VDZ initiation. During this maintenance therapy, median values of VTL and RA were 15.4 µg/mL and 0.97 ng/mL, whereas sMAdCAM-1 was undetectable (< 0.41 ng/mL) in 67.3% of samples. The positive predictive value (PPV) of undetectable sMAdCAM-1 for clinical remission was 80.0% with a corresponding sensitivity of 74.6%. On multivariate analysis undetectable sMAdCAM-1 and high VTL (> 19 µg/mL) were independently associated with clinical remission (OR=7.5, p=0.006 and OR=2.2, p=0.045, respectively). The combination of sMAdCAM-1 < 0.41 ng/mL and VTL > 19 µg/mL was the best pharmacokinetic profile with a PPV of 95.2%. Median values of sMAdCAM-1 and RA were significantly higher (p=0.0001) before VDZ therapy than during the follow-up (sMAdCAM-1: 40.5 vs < 0.41 ng/mL; RA: 1.7 vs 0.97 ng/mL). Only RA > 1.86 ng/mL before VDZ therapy was predictive of clinical remission during the follow-up (AUROC=80.7%). Conclusions Undetectable sMAdCAM-1 appears strongly associated with clinical remission during VDZ maintenance therapy. Combination of undetectable sMAdCAM-1 with high VTL is also potentially interesting for therapeutic drug monitoring. Baseline RA concentrations are predictive of clinical remission. These findings need to be confirmed in further prospective studies.
A Hybrid Fuzzy Soft Sets Decision Making Method in Medical Diagnosis

The existing approaches for fuzzy soft sets decision-making are mainly based on different types of level soft sets. How to deal with such kinds of fuzzy soft sets decision-making problems via decreasing the uncertainty resulting from human’s subjective cognition is still an open issue. To address this issue, a hybrid method for utilizing fuzzy soft sets in decision-making by integrating a fuzzy preference relations analysis based on the belief entropy with the Dempster–Shafer evidence theory is proposed. The proposed method is composed of four procedures. First, we measure the uncertainties of parameters by leveraging the belief entropy. Second, with the fuzzy preference relations analysis, the uncertainties of parameters are modulated by making use of the relative reliability preference of parameters. Third, an appropriate basic probability assignment in terms of each parameter is generated on the modulated uncertainty degrees of parameters basis. Finally, we adopt Dempster’s combination rule to fuse the independent parameters into an integrated one; thus, the best one can be obtained based on the ranking candidate alternatives. In order to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, a numerical example and a medical diagnosis application are implemented. From the experimental results, it is demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms the related methods, because the uncertainty resulting from human’s subjective cognition can be reduced; meanwhile, the decision-making level can also be improved with better performance.
Marian: Cost-effective High-Quality Neural Machine Translation in C++

This paper describes the submissions of the “Marian” team to the WNMT 2018 shared task. We investigate combinations of teacher-student training, low-precision matrix products, auto-tuning and other methods to optimize the Transformer model on GPU and CPU. By further integrating these methods with the new averaging attention networks, a recently introduced faster Transformer variant, we create a number of high-quality, high-performance models on the GPU and CPU, dominating the Pareto frontier for this shared task.
Arc Discharges of a Pure Carbon Strip Affected by Dynamic Contact Force during Current-Carrying Sliding

Arc discharges of a pure carbon strip induced by dynamic contact force were studied on a pin-on-disk tribometer. It was found that arc discharges were produced periodically in accordance with the period of the dynamic contact force. The arcing rate of the pure carbon strip increased with an increase of frequency f and amplitude B, which led to a decrease of current-carrying quality. These influences at high velocities became much more significant. A critical point of the arcing rate at around 2% was detected. Lower than 2%, the pure carbon strip was able to maintain its excellent current-carrying capability; higher than this point, the current-carrying quality deteriorated abruptly. SEM and XPS analysis show that the element Cu detected on the worn surface at lower arcing rates was metal Cu. CuO was found at higher arcing rates. This indicated that the wear mechanism transferred from mechanical wear to arc erosion with the increase of the arcing rate.
Adsorption of methyl-orange from aqueous solution onto nanoporous silica materials

The batch-adsorption experiments are carried out for anionic dye(methyl orange) using uncalcined mesoporous materials, calcined mesoporous materials and modified mesoporous materials by impregnation method using polyelectrolyte (PDDA, poly (diallydimethylammonium chloride)) as a modification agent. The resulting samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The results indicate that uncalcined MCM-48 silica mesoporous molecular sieves (noted as MCM-48) can be used as the effective adsorbent for the removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous system. The effect of various factors such as chemical modification, contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, agitation speed, and solution pH and reaction temperature has been studied. The experimental data obtained with MCM-48 fits best to the Langmuir isotherm model and exhibits a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 769.23 mg g−1; and follows the second-order equation.
Chapter 2 Mitochondrial Dynamics

F. Kempken (ed.), Plant Mitochondria, Advances in Plant Biology 1, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-89781-3_2, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 Abstract Mitochondria cannot be created de novo, meaning that any new mitochondrion must be formed from the division of an existing organelle. In addition to division, mitochondria also undergo fusion where two or more individual organelles join to produce a single mitochondrion. Mitochondrial division and fusion are the primary processes controlling mitochondrial form and together control mitochondrial size and number. Traditionally, the mitochondrion has been portrayed as an immobile, oval-shaped body. In reality, mitochondria are very dynamic organelles, capable of changing size and shape in a matter of seconds. Additionally, they undergo shortand long-distance vectorial transport mediated by association with the cytoskeleton. Advances in bioimaging have allowed scientists to reevaluate the behavior of mitochondria in vivo, stimulating a surge of interest in determining the genes, proteins, and mechanisms that control mitochondrial shape, size, number, and distribution (collectively termed mitochondrial dynamics).
Chorioamnionitis and neonatal morbidity: current perspectives

php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Research and Reports in Neonatology 2017:7 41–52 Research and Reports in Neonatology Dovepress
Mandibular Flexure and Peri-Implant Bone Stress Distribution on an Implant-Supported Fixed Full-Arch Mandibular Prosthesis: 3D Finite Element Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of three mandibular full-arch superstructures on the peri-implant bone stress distribution during mandibular flexure caused by mid-opening (27 mm) and protrusion mandibular movements. Materials and Methods Three-dimensional finite element models were created simulating six osseointegrated implants in the jawbone. One model simulated a 1-piece framework and the other simulated 2-piece and 3-piece frameworks. Muscle forces with definite direction and magnitude were exerted over areas of attachment to simulate multiple force vectors of masticatory muscles during mandibular protrusion and opening. Results During the movement of 27.5 mm jaw opening, the 1-piece and 3-piece superstructures showed the lowest values of bone stress around the mesial implants, gradually increasing towards the distal position. During the protrusion movement, bone stress increased compared to opening for any implant situation and for a divided or undivided framework. The 3-piece framework showed the highest values of peri-implant bone stress, regardless of the implant situation. Conclusions The undivided framework provides the best biomechanical environment during mandibular protrusion and opening. Protrusion movement increases the peri-implant bone stress. The most mesial implants have the lowest biomechanical risk.
Role of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Renal Osteodystrophy

Vascular calcification and bone fragility are common and interrelated health problems that affect chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Bone fragility, which leads to higher risk of fracture and mortality, arises from the abnormal bone remodeling and mineralization that are seen in chronic kidney disease. Recently, sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein 1 were suggested to play a significant role in CKD-related bone disease as they are known inhibitors of the Wnt pathway, thus preventing bone formation. This review focuses on new knowledge about the Wnt pathway in bone, how its function is affected by chronic kidney disease and how this affects bone structure. Expression of components and inhibitors of the Wnt pathway has been shown to be affected by the loss of kidney function, and a better understanding of the bone effects of Wnt pathway inhibitors could allow the development of new therapies to prevent bone fragility in this population.
Effect of bisphosphonates sodium alendronate on shedding of deciduous molars in rabbits (histological and histochemical study)

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bisphosphonate (Bps) (sodium alendronate) on root resorption of deciduous lower molars in a rabbit. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out using 40 newborns healthy New Zealand white rabbits of average body weight 50-55 g, their nutrition was provided maternally, and a commercial pelleted diet of 16.7% crude protein, 13.7% crude fiber, and 2590 kcal of digestible energy per kg would be added. The animals were classified into two main groups: Group 1 (control group): This group is consisted of 20 rabbits which were subjected to oral dose of 2.5 mg/kg of body wt. /day normal saline by using oropharengeal tube. The rabbits were divided into two sub groups: Group 2 (Bps group): This group is consisted of 20 rabbits, which were subjected to daily oral dose of 2.5 mg/kg of body wt. /day sodium alendronate using oropharengeal tube were divided into two subgroups: At the end of the experimental period; the mandibles were removed and hemisected. The hemisected mandibles were prepared for light microscope examination using hematoxyline and eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (special histochemical stain). Results: (1) Histological results: In control subgroup A, the deciduous molars of all animals have been fully erupted with considerable amounts of roots resorption. In control subgroup B, the deciduous molars of all animals have been completely shed. In Bps group, subgroup A showed delayed eruption of the deciduous molars and some dental abnormalities. In Bps group subgroup B, the deciduous molars still present with some degree of root resorption. Most of the crowns of the underlying pre-molars were formed with developing of their roots. Cementum-like tissue was found between the deciduous molars and erupting pre-molars, (2) Histochemical results: The control subgroup A showed large number of positively stained multinucleated odontoclasts on the resorbed dentin surface of deciduous molars with formation of Howship’s lacunae. The control subgroup B showed negative stain in all layers of the erupting pre-molars (no odontoclasts were seen in this subgroup). The Bps group subgroup A showed negative stain in all layers of the deciduous tooth germs that appeared in the late bell stage. The Bps group subgroup B showed negative stain in all layers of the erupting pre-molars as well as in all layers of the deciduous molars. Conclusions: Treatment with sodium alendronate (2.5 mg/kg body wt./day) from 1st day of birth resulted in delayed eruption of deciduous molars and some dental abnormalities as enlargements of pre-dentin layer, discontinuity of odontoblastic layer, defective dentin mineralization and appearance of denticle-like structure in the pulp. TRAP histochemical results revealed that the treatment with Bps result in decrease numbers of odontoclasts and osteoclasts as their apoptosis and separation from Howship’s lacunae.
Cancer recording in patients with and without type 2 diabetes in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink primary care data and linked hospital admission data: a cohort study

Objectives and setting Conflicting results from studies using electronic health records to evaluate the associations between type 2 diabetes and cancer fuel concerns regarding potential biases. This study aimed to describe completeness of cancer recording in UK primary care data linked to hospital admissions records. Design Patients aged 40+ years with insulin or oral antidiabetic prescriptions in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care without type 1 diabetes were matched by age, sex and general practitioner practice to non-diabetics. Those eligible for linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care (HES APC), and with follow-up during April 1997–December 2006 were included. Primary and secondary outcome measures Cancer recording and date of first record of cancer were compared. Characteristics of patients with cancer most likely to have the diagnosis recorded only in a single data source were assessed. Relative rates of cancer estimated from the two datasets were compared. Participants 53 585 patients with type 2 diabetes matched to 47 435 patients without diabetes were included. Results Of all cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) recorded in CPRD, 83% were recorded in HES APC. 94% of cases in HES APC were recorded in CPRD. Concordance was lower when restricted to same-site cancer records, and was negatively associated with increasing age. Relative rates for cancer were similar in both datasets. Conclusions Good concordance in cancer recording was found between CPRD and HES APC among type 2 diabetics and matched controls. Linked data may reduce misclassification and increase case ascertainment when analysis focuses on site-specific cancers.
Postoperative infections after dental implant placement: Variables associated with increased risk of failure

BACKGROUND Wound infections after dental implant placement are a rare finding that might lead to early implant failure. However, the available information on this topic is scarce. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine factors that may increase the failure rate of dental implants that presented a postoperative infection during the osseointegration period. Postoperative infections were defined as the presence of pus or fistula in the surgical area, with pain or tenderness, swelling, redness, and heat or fever, before prosthetic loading. A bivariate and multivariate analysis of the data using Cox proportional-hazards regression was performed to detect prognostic factors for implant failure in patients that suffer infections. RESULTS The patient-based prevalence of postoperative infections after implant placement was 2.80% (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 2.04% to 3.83%). Thirty-three out of 37 (89.19%) patients with infections had to be surgically retreated because of antibiotic failure and 65% of the infected implants were removed. The bivariate analysis showed a significant association between implant failure and the collar surface (HR: 3.12; 95% CI: 1.16 to 8.41; P = 0.014). Cox proportional-hazards regression indicated that rough-surfaced collars increased 2.35 times the likelihood of failure (95% CI: 0.87 to 6.37; P = 0.071). CONCLUSIONS The survival of implants placed in the maxilla, with smooth collar, and late-onset of infection was higher than those placed in the mandible, with a rough collar and early onset of infection. In general, signs of infection after dental implant placement compromises the survival rate of the affected fixtures.
The Effect of Nd Nanoparticles on (Bi, Pb)-2223 Superconducting

The prepared Superconducting samples achieved by a conventional solid-state reaction method and methodically deliberate for their superconducting properties. The Nd2O3 nanoparticles concentration x varied from 0.1 wt% to 0.6 wt%. Studying the effect of Nd nanoparticles (50 nm) on the physical properties of superconducting phase. The sightsaw of phase structural characteristics of synthesized thin films samples through powder X-ray diffractometer and reveals that all the samples crystallize in orthorhombic structure. Also, phase examination by XRD indicated that Nd nanoparticles enhanced the (Bi, Pb)-2223 phase formation. The standard DC four-probe method was used to measure the critical transition temperature (Tc) and found to have optimal value at x=0.2 wt%, which had a maximum enhancement in Tc for samples.
Differences in set‐shifting and central coherence across anorexia nervosa subtypes in children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE Regarding executive functioning in anorexia nervosa (AN), little is known about differences between the restricting (AN-R) and binge eating/purging (AN-BP) subtypes. Especially for adolescents, there is sparse data. Hence, the current aim is to investigate differences in set-shifting, central coherence, and self-reported executive functioning across adolescent AN subtypes. METHODS Ninety AN-R, 21 AN-BP, and 63 controls completed an extensive assessment battery including neuropsychological tests for executive functioning and the self-report questionnaire Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning. RESULTS Patients with AN-R and AN-BP did not differ on neuropsychological measures, and both performed similarly to controls. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning scores fell within the normal range with AN subtypes showing mostly comparable ratings. AN-BP patients scored higher on 2 composite indices and the "shift" subscale compared with AN-R. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest similar cognitive functioning in adolescent AN subtypes as well as healthy controls. However, more research is needed to draw more general conclusions.
A reduced crustal magnetization zone near the first observed active hydrothermal vent field on the Southwest Indian Ridge

Inversion of near‐bottom magnetic data reveals a well‐defined low crustal magnetization zone (LMZ) near a local topographic high (37°47′S, 49°39′E) on the ultraslow‐spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). The magnetic data were collected by the autonomous underwater vehicle ABE on board R/V DaYangYiHao in February‐March 2007. The first active hydrothermal vent field observed on the SWIR is located in Area A within and adjacent to the LMZ at the local topographic high, implying that this LMZ may be the result of hydrothermal alteration of magnetic minerals. The maximum reduction in crustal magnetization is 3 A/M. The spatial extent of the LMZ is estimated to be at least 6.7 × 104 m2, which is larger than that of the LMZs at the TAG vent field on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR), as well as the Relict Field, Bastille, Dante‐Grotto, and New Field vent‐sites on the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdF). The calculated magnetic moment, i.e., the product of the spatial extent and amplitude of crustal magnetization reduction is at least −3 × 107 Am2 for the LMZ on the SWIR, while that for the TAG field on the MAR is −8 × 107 Am2 and that for the four individual vent fields on the JdF range from −5 × 107 to −3 × 107 Am2. Together these results indicate that crustal demagnetization is a common feature of basalt‐hosted hydrothermal vent fields at mid‐ocean ridges of all spreading rates. Furthermore, the crustal demagnetization of the Area A on the ultraslow‐spreading SWIR is comparable in strength to that of the TAG area on the slow‐spreading MAR.