Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Strategic Model of Magical Thinking: Axioms and Analysis

This paper seeks to make two contributions. First, we propose and analyze a tractable model of strategic play in which players behave as if their expectations about their opponents' behavior vary with their own choices. We refer to this nonstandard updating as magical thinking. The model provides a unified view of documented behavior in a range of often-studied games, such as the Prisoners' Dilemma, the Battle of the Sexes, Hawk-Dove, and the Stag Hunt. Second, we provide axioms applied to the behavior of the collection of players in symmetric 2x2 games, and a representation theorem that establishes these axioms to be the precise behavioral content of the model. We thereby suggest a novel way to import the axiomatic methodology of individual decision theory to strategic settings and demonstrate the benefits of this approach.In the model, the degree to which players exhibit magical thinking is heterogeneous in the population and is captured by players' types. All players perceive types to be i.i. d. draws from a common distribution. We show that the model's parameters, namely these individual types and the commonly perceived distribution, can be (essentially) identified from behavior in games, allowing for tractable comparative statics. Finally, the model generates novel predictions across games. For example, the ability of a collection of players to coordinate on Pareto superior Nash equilibria in coordination games is positively correlated with their degree of cooperation in Prisoners' Dilemma games.The supplement for this paper are available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2507394
Environmental turbulence, absorptive capacity and external knowledge search among Chinese SMEs

Purpose – This paper tests which theoretical perspective(s) can better explain firms’ external knowledge search behavior. Information processing and resource-based view theories propose a positive relationship between environmental turbulence and knowledge search breadth, whereas transaction cost economics and managerial attention theoretical perspectives posit that knowledge search breadth will be negatively influenced by environmental turbulence. In the context of Chinese small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), this study examines the direct effect of environmental turbulence and the interactive effect of environmental turbulence and absorptive capacity (ACAP) on external knowledge search breadth. Design/methodology/approach – This study adopted firm-level data collected via questionnaires from SMEs within the manufacturing sector in China. The partial least squares method was used to explore the determinants of the external knowledge search breadth of Chinese SMEs. Findings – The results reveal tha.
Whole-Body Cryostimulation Limits Overreaching in Elite Synchronized Swimmers.

INTRODUCTION Elite athletes frequently undergo periods of intensified training (IT) within their normal training program. These periods can lead athletes into functional overreaching, characterized by high perceived fatigue, impaired sleep, and performance. Because whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) has been proven to be an effective recovery method in the short term (<76 h), we investigated whether daily WBC sessions during IT could prevent exercise and sleep-related signs of overreaching. METHODS After a normal training week (BASE), 10 elite synchronized swimmers performed two 2-wk IT periods in a randomized crossover fashion using WBC daily (ITWBC) or not (ITCON), separated by 9 d of light training. Swim time trials (400 m) were performed at BASE and after each IT to quantify blood lactate ([La]B), HR (HR400), salivary alpha amylase ([α-amylase]s400), and cortisol ([cortisol]s400) responses. Swimmers wore a wrist actigraph nightly to monitor sleep patterns. RESULTS Swim speed (400 m), [La]B400, and [α-amylase]s400 decreased from BASE to ITCON, although no significant changes were found after ITWBC. Decreased swim speed was correlated to decreased HR400 and [cortisol]s400. During ITCON, significant decreases in actual sleep duration (-21 ± 7 min) and sleep efficiency (-1.9% ± 0.8%) were observed, with increased sleep latency (+11 ± 5 min) and fatigue compared with BASE, although these variables did not change during ITWBC. Using a qualitative statistical analysis, we observed that daily WBC use resulted in a 98%, 59%, 66%, and 78% chance of preserving these respective variables compared with ITCON. CONCLUSION WBC use during IT helped mitigate the signs of functional overreaching observed during ITCON, such as reduced sleep quantity, increased fatigue, and impaired exercise capacity. These results support the daily use of WBC by athletes seeking to avoid functional overreaching during key periods of competition preparation.
Empowering the poor with right to information and library services

Purpose – Information is playing a vital role in modern socio‐economic developments. The poor homeless citizens of special needs are also empowered with the Right to Information Act 2005 in India. People can ask to the government policies for eradication of poverty. Information literacy regarding various rights may change the scenario of society. In India, government started various ICT‐based policies for eradication of poverty with public private partnership. Some important projects are: Akshaya, Anand, Bhoomi, E‐chaupal, E‐Seva, Gramdoot, N‐Logue, India Agriland, Janmitra, etc. but actually real needy people are not aware about these policies, so they are not able to get the benefit of these policies. Thus, right to information and libraries can create an environment of information literacy among poor people, so that they may know their rights and improve their living standard. They may also know the details of government initiatives for the welfare of the society. After taking the benefits of policies .
A Longitudinal Review of Labor Relations Coursework in U.S. Business Schools: 1977-2002-2010

This study investigates the status of the labor relations course in the undergraduate business school curriculum, comparing the results of our 1977 study with two replications (2002, 2010) of the same survey. The initial survey revealed the course occupied secondary status in the curriculum but cited arguments as to why its importance should be elevated. The 2002 replication showed a continuing decline in the status of the course but showed that related courses in mediation and negotiations were being added. By 2010 labor courses had declined even more but many more business schools were offering related conflict resolution courses, thus allowing students the opportunity to develop critical skills in labor relations and conflict resolution.
Effectiveness of public and private sector agricultural extension: Implications for privatisation in Pakistan

Worldwide serious reservations are being expressed about the ability and competency of the public sector to deliver agricultural extension services, especially in developing countries such as Pakistan which is faced with serious financial difficulties. Consequently, the government is looking for alternative extension paradigms that are cost-effective and client-oriented. To this end the government of Pakistan is inclined towards privatizing the provision of agricultural extension services as a means to promote a second ‘Green Revolution’. This study was conducted among cotton farmers in the Punjab Province to examine the comparative effectiveness of public and private sector extension as perceived from the stakeholders. Data were collected from 52 contact farmers of both extension systems. A number of biases were identified in both systems; namely, a preference for farmers with better education and larger landholdings than their noncontact farmer counterparts. Overall, neither system appears to be working for the benefit of the wider farming community.
Hedge Fund Activism and Information Disclosure: The Case of Germany

Based on the German regulatory framework, we provide a more detailed picture about the information disclosure process surrounding the announcement of major shareholdings of hedge funds in listed companies. We separate price and volume effects between three event dates: the transaction date when the investor reaches a notifiable threshold, the announcement date when potential insiders (the target firm and the regulator) get advance information, and the publication date when the information is officially released to the public. The separation makes it possible to analyze information and price pressure effects in some detail. The paper also documents the extent and nature of delays in hedge funds’ notification behavior.
Tax Evasion and Entrepreneurial Flexibility

The separation between a firm’s decision to evade taxes and its other choices fails to hold if an irreversible investment is introduced. This model applies the well-known Bernanke’s bad news principle, in which auditing is bad news for tax-evading firms. This article thus shows that evasion affects investment, which in turn determines production.
How can trade unions act strategically?

It is generally agreed that trade unions require new strategies to respond to external and internal challenges. Economic internationalisation makes it easier for employers to escape national structures of employment regulation, and appears to weaken the ability of governments to defend nationally-based social models; sectoral and occupational shifts in employment erode traditional union strongholds, while social and ideological changes undermine workers' traditional orientation to collectivism. Yet what do we mean by trade union strategy, and how can it be modernised? This article addresses in particular the literatures on organisational learning, social capital and vocabularies of motive to explore how the twin principles of leadership and democracy can be harnessed to meet the challenges of the ‘new’ capitalism. Il est généralement admis que les syndicats nécessitent de nouvelles stratégies pour faire face aux défis externes et internes. L'internationalisation de l'économie permet plus facilement aux employeurs de se soustraire aux structures nationales de réglementation de l'emploi et affaiblit apparemment la capacité des gouvernements de défendre les modèles sociaux établis à l'échelon national. Les changements sectoriels et professionnels de l'emploi nuisent aux bastions traditionnels des syndicats, tandis que les changements sociaux et idéologiques sapent l'orientation traditionnelle des travailleurs vers le collectivisme. Qu'est-ce que nous entendons par stratégie syndicale et comment peut-elle être modernisée? Cet article traite en particulier des publications relatives à l'apprentissage organisationnel, au capital social et au vocabulaire de motivation en vue d'explorer la manière de tirer parti des deux principes de leadership et de démocratie pour relever les défis du «nouveau» capitalisme. Es herrscht allgemeines Einvernehmen darüber, dass Gewerkschaften im Hinblick auf externe und interne Herausforderungen neue Strategien entwickeln müssen. Die wirtschaftliche Internationalisierung hat zur Folge, dass Arbeitgeber sich einzelstaatlichen Arbeitsvorschriften leichter entziehen können und scheint die Fähigkeit der Regierungen zur Verteidigung nationaler Sozialmodelle einzuschränken. Traditionelle gewerkschaftliche Bastionen werden durch Beschäftigungsverlagerungen zwischen Wirtschaftszweigen und Berufen ausgehöhlt, die traditionelle kollektivistische Ausrichtung der Arbeitnehmer wird durch soziale und ideologische Veränderungen untergraben. Aber was verstehen wir unter „Gewerkschaftsstrategie”, und wie lässt sie sich modernisieren? Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Literatur über organisations-internes Lernen, Sozialkapital und „vocabularies of motive”, um zu untersuchen, wie das Doppelprinzip von Führung und Demokratie genutzt werden kann, um die Herausforderungen des „neuen” Kapitalismus zu meistern.
Hypnotically Catalyzing Experiential Learning Across Treatments for Depression: Actions Can Speak Louder Than Moods

Abstract A number of psychotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of major depression have received empirical support in the literature, most notably cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal therapies. Recent studies have shown the therapeutic value of the behavioral activation component of such interventions. Depressed individuals actively learning and applying new skills on their own behalf is widely considered a critical component of recovery. This article describes the use of hypnosis to catalyze experiential learning and to encourage behavioral activation in the depressed client by directly addressing and transforming cognitive and perceptual patterns that can impede such behavioral activation, especially global thinking and ruminative coping styles.
MiR-223 is dispensable for platelet production and function in mice

Summary MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key physiological regulators in multiple cell types. Here, we assessed platelet production and function in mice deficient in miR-223, one of the most abundantly expressed miRNAs in platelets and megakaryocytes. We found platelet number, size, lifespan as well as surface expression of platelet adhesion receptors to be unchanged in miR-223-deficient mice. Likewise, loss of miR-223 did not affect platelet activation, adhesion and aggregation and also had no effect on bleeding times. Moreover, miR-223 null megakaryocytes developed normally and were capable to form pro-platelets. However, we detected a transient delay in the recovery of platelet numbers following antibody-induced platelet depletion in miR-223-deficient animals. This delay was not observed after transplantation of bone marrow from miR-223-deficient animals into wild-type recipients, indicating a non-cell-autonomous role of miR-223 for thrombopoiesis. Overall, our data indicate a surprisingly modest role of miR-223 in platelet production, while the function of platelets does not seem to depend on miR-223.
Effects of High-Intensity Strength Training on Multiple Risk Factors for Osteoporotic Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective. —To determine how multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures could be modified by high-intensity strength training exercises in postmenopausal women. Design. —Randomized controlled trial of 1-year duration. Setting. —Exercise laboratory at Tufts University, Boston, Mass. Population. —Forty postmenopausal white women, 50 to 70 years of age, participated in the study; 39 women completed the study. The subjects were sedentary and estrogen-deplete. Interventions. —High-intensity strength training exercises 2 days per week using five different exercises (n=20) vs untreated controls (n=19). Main Outcome Measures. —Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry for bone status, one repetition maximum for muscle strength, 24-hour urinary creatinine for muscle mass, and backward tandem walk for dynamic balance. Results. —Femoral neck bone mineral density and lumbar spine bone mineral density increased by 0.005±0.039 g/cm 2 (0.9%±4.5%) (mean±SD) and 0.009±0.033 g/cm 2 (10%±3.6%), respectively, in the strength-trained women and decreased by -0.022±0.035 g/cm 2 (-2.5%±3.8%) and -0.019±0.035 g/cm 2 (-1.8%±3.5%), respectively, in the controls ( P =.02 and.04). Total body bone mineral content was preserved in the strength-trained women (+2.0±68 g; 0.0%±3.0%) and tended to decrease in the controls (-33+77 g; -1.2%±3.4%, P =.12). Muscle mass, muscle strength, and dynamic balance increased in the strength-trained women and decreased in the controls ( P =.03 to Conclusions. —High-intensity strength training exercises are an effective and feasible means to preserve bone density while improving muscle mass, strength, and balance in postmenopausal women. ( JAMA . 1994;272:1909-1914)
The simultaneous effects of person‐organization and person‐job fit on Turkish hotel managers

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine the simultaneous effects of person‐organization (P‐O) and person‐job (P‐J) fit on job attitudes of five star hotels' managers in Turkey.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from managers of five star hotels via a web‐based questionnaire. According to the data of Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Turkey has 299 ministry licensed five star hotels. Of the 299 hotel managers, 158 (52.8 percent) have participated in the research. Correlation and regression analyses were used to test the predicted relationships.Findings – The findings in this paper indicate that P‐O/P‐J fit positively related to organizational commitment, job motivation and job satisfaction, and according to correlation analyses results, negatively related to organizational stress level of hotel managers.Research limitations/implications – The findings contribute to an improved understanding of the influence of P‐O and P‐J fit on job attitudes of hotel managers. Results may not ge.
Competition and Welfare: The Implications of Licensing

If firms with asymmetric costs can engage in technology licensing, we show that welfare may be higher under Cournot competition than under Bertrand competition. Under fixed-fee licensing, consumer surplus and welfare are higher under Cournot competition if the technological difference between the firms is moderate. Under royalty licensing, if the bargaining power of the licenser is not very high and the technological difference between the firms is large, consumer surplus and welfare are higher under Cournot competition. We also show that technology licensing has important implications on the profit differential between Bertrand and Cournot competition.
Glass Ceiling? What Glass Ceiling? A Qualitative Study of How Women View the Glass Ceiling in Public Relations and Communications Management

The glass ceiling persists for women in public relations and communications management, despite increasing feminization of these fields. This qualitative study seeks to identify factors that support and perpetuate the problem of the glass ceiling for women in public relations and corporate communications management. In-depth interviews and focus groups were used to allow 27 women to give their views on the glass ceiling. I suggest a new theoretical concept, negotiated resignation, for explaining the psychological process by which women come to terms with the glass ceiling. Study participants identified five factors contributing to the glass ceiling, as well as a number of strategies women can use to overcome the glass ceiling. I examine the findings from both a radical feminist and liberal feminist perspective. Recommendations for educators, students, and practitioners are included in this study, as are some comments from the 27 women who worked as managers in both agency and corporate environments.
Application of the Delphi Technique to Rural Tourism Project Evaluation

This paper details the merit, challenges and shortcomings of the Delphi Technique as a means of obtaining data for a project aimed at formulating an evaluation framework for application in the development and management of rural tourism projects. Participation in the Delphi Survey was sought from expert panellists in both South Africa and Britain from four different stakeholder sectors of expertise – academics, the public sector, consultants and the operational sector. No single research method could have elicited the comprehensive information sought by this study. Whilst the Delphi Technique was considered the most effective means of soliciting group input and opinion forming by a panel of experts utilising a manageable method, it was unable to facilitate the in-depth discussion and enriched text required to gain a fuller understanding of significant and contentious issues.
Understanding the Penalties Associated with Corporate Misconduct: An Empirical Examination of Earnings and Risk

Abstract We examine the relationship between allegations of corporate misconduct and changes in profitability and risk of the alleged offender. Profitability is measured as reported earnings and analysts’ earnings forecasts. Risk is measured as stock return volatility and concordance among analysts’ forecasts. Decreases in earnings and increases in risk are found to accompany allegations of misconduct, and although the results are somewhat sensitive to the earnings and risk metrics used, the changes are found to be consistently greater for related-party offenses. The importance of reputational penalties is underscored by analysis of the association between allegation-related changes in firm value and changes in earnings and risk.
The Demand for Australian Rules Football

An econometric analysis of the demand for Australian Rules football games is presented, us ing annual average attendance data for the years 1950-86. Increases i n admission prices had a significant negative effect on demand, and i ncreases in real income a positive impact. Among other variables of i mportance in explaining demand are lagged attendance and uncertainty of outcome. Copyright 1987 by The Economic Society of Australia.
A Note on Identification in the Multinomial Probit Model

Although formal conditions for identification in the multinomial probit (MNP) model are now clearly established, little is known about how various estimable MNP specifications perform in practice. This article shows that parameter identification in the MNP model is extremely tenuous in the absence of exclusion restrictions. This previously unnoticed fact is important because formal identification of MNP models does not require exclusion restrictions, and many potential economic applications of MNP are to situations in which exclusion restrictions are not readily available. Thus, failure to be aware of the difficulties present in such situations may lead to reporting of unreliable results.
Immediate Disclosure or Secrecy? The Release of Information in Experimental Asset Markets

The Federal Reserve has made significant changes in its predisposition to release information over time. This paper reports the results of experimental asset markets designed to investigate how the public disclosure of uncertain information affects market and individual outcomes. In one set of markets, no information is released at the beginning of each trading year. In two other sets, an imperfect pre-announcement of the state of nature is disclosed. The reliability of the pre-announcement (60 percent and 90 percent) varies across treatments. Halfway through each trading year, the state of nature is revealed. By year-end, price deviations from Bayesian predictions are similar across all treatments; however, price volatility is significantly higher and allocational efficiency significantly lower with a pre-announcement that reflects substantial uncertainty. Furthermore, when the reliability of the pre-announcement is low (60 percent), the distribution in profit across traders is significantly greater even though the average profit is similar across treatments. Thus, in a highly uncertain environment better outcomes may actually result when information is withheld.