Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulating yield and wine quality of minimal prunning systems through the application of gibberellic acid

The use of gibberellic acid to increase berry size and to loosen up bunches in the production of seedless table grape varieties has a long history. The use of gibberellic acid on wine grapes, however, is very limited, mainly because some varieties can show substantial losses in bud fertility and thus in commercial yield. We tried to exploit the feature of decreases in bud fertility as a response to gibberellic acid applications (in the form of GA3) to regulate yield and quality aspects of minimally pruned (MP) White Riesling grapevines where other thinning methods have failed. Single applications of 50 mg L-1 GA3 at 500 L ha-1 were used during full bloom in each year from 2002-2004 (MP GA3-02/03/04) in one MP treatment, while the second MP treatment received no GA3 in 2003 (MP GA3-02/04). Treatments were compared with untreated MP vines and with a standard pruned, vertically shoot positioned system (VSP). GA3 applications reduced inflorescence number by about 30-50% the year following treatment, while shoot number remained unchanged. GA3 treated MP vines responded to this type of « thinning » by a 10-28 % increase in berry weight. Total yield of MP vines was reduced by 26-49% the year after first time application approaching VSP yield. Yield of the continuously treated vines (MP GA3-02/03/04) remained comparable to pruned VSP vines up to now (harvest 2005) (about 9-13 tons per ha). Discontinuing the GA3 treatment for one year caused yield to re-approach the one of untreated MP vines the next year. Despite of the increase in berry weight, bunch structure remained less compact as compared to VSP fruit. Sugar levels at harvest of vines treated with GA3 the previous year were similar to sugar levels of VSP vines and superior to untreated MP vines. We found no treatment effect on glycosyl-glucose (bound secondary metabolites, GG) concentration but a slight increase in phenols and titratable acidity the year after GA3 treatment. Sensory evaluation of the resulting wines revealed no or only minimal differences with a slight preference for the least yielding VSP and MP GA3-02/03/04 wines. The outlined strategy seems promising for the production of quality fruit in a highly economic viticultural system.
Long-term Antipsychotic Treatment and Brain Volumes A Longitudinal Study of First-Episode Schizophrenia

Context: Progressive brain volume changes in schizophrenia are thought to be due principally to the disease. However, recent animal studies indicate that antipsychotics, the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia patients, may also contribute to brain tissue volume decrement. Because antipsychotics are prescribed for long periods for schizophrenia patients and have increasingly widespread use in other psychiatric disorders, it is imperative to determine their long-term effects on the human brain.
The effect of sex and rearing system on carcass composition and cut yields of broiler chickens

The objective of this study is an analysis of meat quality in broilers of standard fast-growing hybrid Hybro G, reared in two different non-industrial systems (extensive rearing in a poultry house or "extensive indoor" system and rearing in a poultry house using a free range or "free-range" system). Quality parameters, i.e. proportions of basic carcass parts (breasts, drumsticks and thighs), abdominal fat, and proportions of basic tissues (muscles, bones and skin) in more valuable carcass parts, were investigated. The aim of the investigation was to analyse the effect of the two non-industrial rearing systems and broiler sex on the above-mentioned traits of broiler meat quality. The used rearing systems (free-range and extensive indoor ones) did not have a statistically significant effect on the proportions of major basic carcass parts and of abdominal fat in broiler chickens (P > 0.05). Heavier carcasses at slaughter (on the 56 th day of fattening) were recorded in the male broilers compared to the female ones, the differences being statistically significant (P 0.05). The rearing system (free-range and extensive indoor) and the interaction between the investigated effects (of sex and rearing system) did not affect statistically significantly the differences expressed in the meat, skin and bone proportions in breasts, drumsticks and thighs of the broilers (P > 0.05). The sex effect on the skin proportions in breasts, drumsticks and thighs was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Average muscle proportions in drumsticks and thighs of the female broilers were statistically highly significantly (P < 0.01) and significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared to those in the male broilers. Average bone proportions in the breasts of the male broilers were statistically significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the female ones, and statistically highly significantly higher (P < 0.01) in drumsticks and thighs.
The Ins and Outs of Unemployment in the Long Run: A New Estimate for the Natural Rate?

In this paper, we present a simple, reduced form model of comovements in real activity and unemployment flows and use it to uncover the trend changes in these flows, which determine the trend in the unemployment rate. We argue that this trend rate has several key features that are reminiscent of a “natural rate. ” We show that the natural rate, measured this way, has been relatively stable in the last decade, even after the last recession hit the U.S. economy. This relatively muted change was due to two opposing trend changes: On one hand, the trend in the job-finding rate, after being relatively stable for decades, declined by a significant margin in the last decade, pushing trend unemployment up. On the other hand, the separation rate has somewhat offset this effect with a continued secular decline since the early 1980s. We also show that, contrary to business-cycle frequency movements, most of the low-frequency variation in the unemployment rate could be accounted for by changes in the trend of separation rates, not job-finding rates. The notable exception is the last decade, when clear trend changes in both flows imply opposing effects on the trend unemployment rate and slower worker reallocation in the U.S. economy.
BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDY OF TWO FORMULATIONS OF 30 MG PIOGLITAZONE TABLETS IN HEALTHY THAI VOLUNTEERS

Rationale Generic pioglitazone tablets are available for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Bioequivalence study is used to compare bioavailability between the generic and original products. Objective To compare bioavailability of the new generic product: 30 mg oral pioglitazone tablets (Piotazone ® ), with the original product (Actos ® ). Materials and methods A randomized, single dose, two-sequence crossover design under fasting condition, with a minimum of 7 days washout period, was conducted in 24 healthy Thai volunteers. They received a 30 mg pioglitazone tablet of both generic and original formulations. Blood samples were collected over a period of 48 h after oral administration. Pioglitazone plasma concentrations were quantifi ed using a validated liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). All of the pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated using the non-compartmental analysis model. Results The 90% confi dence interval (CI) of the geometric mean ratio of Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ in this study were within the equivalence criteria (80.00-125.00%), which were 95.72% (83.86%-109.25%), 101.73% (91.84%-112.68%) and 103.67% (92.40%-116.31%). No signifi cant differences of Tmax between the two formulations were observed (p>0.05). Both preparations were well tolerated and had few non-serious adverse events. Conclusion Pioglitazone from both tablet formulations was bioequivalent in terms of both rate and
Application of Sentinel-2 and EnMAP new satellite data to the mapping of alpine vegetation of the Karkonosze Mountains

Abstract Effective assessment of environmental changes requires an update of vegetation maps as it is an indicator of both local and global development. It is therefore important to formulate methods which would ensure constant monitoring. It can be achieved with the use of satellite data which makes the analysis of hard-to-reach areas such as alpine ecosystems easier. Every year, more new satellite data is available. Its spatial, spectral, time, and radiometric resolution is improving as well. Despite significant achievements in terms of the methodology of image classification, there is still the need to improve it. It results from the changing needs of spatial data users, availability of new kinds of satellite sensors, and development of classification algorithms. The article focuses on the application of Sentinel-2 and hyperspectral EnMAP images to the classification of alpine plants of the Karkonosze (Giant) Mountains according to the: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithms. The effects of their work is a set of maps of alpine and subalpine vegetation as well as classification error matrices. The achieved results are satisfactory as the overall accuracy of classification with the SVM method has reached 82% for Sentinel-2 data and 83% for EnMAP data, which confirms the applicability of image data to the monitoring of alpine plants.
Blood pressure variability estimated by average real variability predicts stroke in progression of acute ischemic stroke

Background: The relationship between blood pressure variability and stroke in progression (SIP) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of blood pressure variability estimated by average real variability on SIP. Method: We prospected enrolled 251 consecutive patients with AIS or TIA (within 7 days after onset). Blood pressure was measured at 2 h intervals throughout the first 24 h, then every 4 h up to the 7th day. Average real variability was used to represent blood pressure variability. Ischemic stroke (IS) patients with an increase of national institutes of health stroke scale ≥ 3 scores or TIA patients in the event of stroke within 7 days after admission were defined as stroke. Patients were grouped in low and high blood pressure average real variability groups. Results: The incidence rate of SIP was 8.3%. In univariate analysis, high D2-7 systolic blood pressure average real variability, female, and high total cholesterol level were significantly associated with SIP. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, SIP was independently predicted by total cholesterol and high D2-7 systolic blood pressure average real variability. Conclusion: High D2-7 systolic blood pressure average real variability was an independent predictor of SIP in AIS or TIA patients.
A new parameter space study of cosmological microlensing

Cosmological gravitational microlensing is a useful technique for understanding the structure of the inner parts of a quasar, especially the accretion disk and the central supermassive black hole. So far, most of the cosmological microlensing studies have focused on single objects from ~90 currently known lensed quasars. However, present and planned all-sky surveys are expected to discover thousands of new lensed systems. Using a graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerated ray-shooting code, we have generated 2550 magnification maps uniformly across the convergence ({\kappa}) and shear ({\gamma}) parameter space of interest to microlensing. We examine the effect of random realizations of the microlens positions on map properties such as the magnification probability distribution (MPD). It is shown that for most of the parameter space a single map is representative of an average behaviour. All of the simulations have been carried out on the GPU-Supercomputer for Theoretical Astrophysics Research (gSTAR).
Energy dependence of the ionic charge state distribution during the November 1997 solar energetic particle event

Ionic charge state distributions for a variety of species, such as C, O, Ne, Mg, Si and Fe were obtained with the Solar Energetic Particle Ionic Charge Analyzer (SEPICA) on ACE for the strongest of a series of energetic particle events after the November 4 and 7, 1997, flares. The capabilities of SEPICA allow a much more detailed analysis of the charge distributions than previous instrumentation. Over the energy range from ≈ 0.2 to 1 MeV/Nuc a trend is observed that shows charge states increasing with energy, in particular for Mg, Si and Fe. In addition, for Fe a mixed charge state distribution with a distinct peak at lower charge states (10–14) is observed simultaneously with a tail reaching to charge states up to ≈ 20. This may be an indication of a mixture of different energetic particle populations.
Vertical profiles of black carbon measured by a micro-aethalometer in summerin the North China Plain

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a dominant absorber in the visible spectrum and a potent factor in climatic effects. Vertical profiles of BC were measured using a micro-aethalometer attached to a tethered balloon during the Vertical Observations of trace Gases and Aerosols (VOGA) field campaign, in summer 2014 at a semirural site in the North China Plain (NCP). The diurnal cycle of BC vertical distributions following the evolution of the mixing layer (ML) was investigated for the first time in the NCP region. Statistical parameters including identified mixing height (Hm) and average BC mass concentrations within the ML (Cm) and in the free troposphere (Cf) were obtained for a selected dataset of 67 vertical profiles. Hm was usually lower than 0.2 km in the early morning and rapidly rose thereafter due to strengthened turbulence. The maximum height of the ML was reached in the late afternoon. The top of a full developed ML exceeded 1 km on sunny days in summer, while it stayed much lower on cloudy days. The sunset triggered the collapse of the ML, and a stable nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) gradually formed. Accordingly, the highest level Cm was found in the early morning and the lowest was found in the afternoon. In the daytime, BC was almost uniformly distributed within the ML and significantly decreased above the ML. During the field campaign, Cm averaged about 5.16 ± 2.49 µg m−3, with a range of 1.12 to 14.49 µg m−3, comparable with observational results in many polluted urban areas such as Milan in Italy and Shanghai in China. As evening approached, BC gradually built up near the surface and exponentially declined with height. In contrast to the large variability found both in Hm and Cm, Cf stayed relatively unaffected through the day. Cf was less than 10 % of the ground level under clean conditions, while it amounted to half of the ground level in some polluted cases. In situ measurements of BC vertical profiles would hopefully have an important implication for accurately estimating direct radiative forcing by BC and improving the retrieval of aerosol optical properties by remote sensing in this region.
Value-at-Risk-Based Risk Management in A Jump-Diffusion Model

This paper investigates optimal portfolio and wealth strategy of an institutional investor with a Value-at-Risk (VaR) constraint in an economy under jump diffusion. The problem is solved in closed form. We show that overlooking or underestimating the jump risk factor results in failures to satisfy the VaR constraint. We also find that the presence of the jump risk drives the institutional investor to move towards the portfolio insurance strategy, alleviating the problem with VaR identified by Basak and Shapiro (2001) that the VaR risk manager incurs larger losses than non risk manager in worst scenarios. Moreover, put options play an important role in hedging jump risks under the VaR framework.
rumED PROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY

This document contains a literature review and a discussion of issues concerned with the locus of control dimension in psychological experimentation over the past 15 years. Locus of control research is traced from the early laboratory experiments which demonstrated that instructions and perceptions about skill and chance could dramatically affect subjects, performance, to field research investigating whether individuals carry generalized expectancies about the control of reinforcement. The paper focuses on three specific areas that are emerging in the research and have implications for further understanding of expectancies about locus of control and behavior in general. (1) The first topic is the relationship between belief in internal control and physical health. In general, "internals" have been found to be most likely to take preventive measures to stay healthy. (2) The second area has to do with the relationship between internal control and emotional well-being. Results have been quite similar to the studies dealing . ith physical health. (3) The final topic concerns perceived pewer and personal competence. However, little research evidence is available on this topic. (DP) rumED PROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY Locus of Control. Where Have 140 1 and ~There Are 'le Going? Bonnie R. Strickland 2 Emory University I or 000114t0t Or aril.t0, tOutlitiOht wt OOOOO ttat100010ttitutt Or lOutrt100 iwt 00eutitt.t «AS orro, ro 0.140 tritti. , AS ttr.t0 tOm Been 4,0,0 0000tt Ot v.t /ter 014% ON% Mite° 00 0401 otrtrftrilLy 'trot oer.cIAL rut t or 1041CrtiONI 0t.t100 00 00th' When Jerry Phares (1957) began to prepare his gray paint samples and Dill James (James and Rotter, 1958) built his card guessing apparatus, they likely had little idea of the impact of their skill versus chance research some fifteen years later. Under the direction of Julian Rotter and with the advice and help of a number of Ohio State faculty and graduate students, research on generalized expectancy about behavior-reinforcement contingencies began in the late fifties and has continued unabated until the present. Numerous reviews (Joe, 1971; LeZcourt, 1966, 1972; Rotter, 1966: Throop & MacDonald, 1971) and countless publications across almost every conceivable subject_ population attest to the impact of the internal-external locus of control dimension in psychological experimentation. The early work of Phares (1957) began in the psychology laboratory when he was able to demonstrate that a subject's perception of control was related to expectancy of success or failure in a judgment task. Under perceived skill conditions, subjects responded to a past experience of success or failure by appropriately wagering bets on their next judgment. Subjects given Taperpresented at American Psychological Association, 1973, Montreal, Canada. 2New address: Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass. 01002.
Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(butylene succinate-co-2-methyl-1,3-propylene succinate)s

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu), poly(2-methyl-1,3-propylene succinate) (PMPSu), and PBSu-rich copolyesters were synthesized using an effective catalyst, titanium tetraisopropoxide. Measurements of intrinsic viscosity (1.20- 1.28 dl/g) and gel permeation chromatography demonstrated the success of the preparation of polyesters with high molec- ular weights. The compositions of the copolyesters were determined in three approaches from 1 H and 13 C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) analyses, and good agreement between the results was obtained. The distributions of the comonomers were found to be random from the spectra of carbonyl carbon. Their thermal properties were elucidated using a differential scanning calorimeter and a thermogravimetric analyzer. No marked difference exists among the thermal stabilities of these polyesters. However, the window between the glass transition and the melting temperatures becomes narrower with the increase in the concentration of 2-methyl-1,3-propylene succinate in the copolymers. Additionally, the cold crystallization ability decreases considerably. Finally, PMPSu is an amorphous homopolymer. Wide-angle X-ray diffractograms of isothermally crystallized copolyesters also follow the same trend.
How Risky are Recessions for Top Earners?

How sensitive are the earnings of top earners to business cycles? And, how does the business cycle sensitivity of top earners vary by industry? We use a confidential dataset on earnings histories of US males from the Social Security Administration. On average, individuals in the top 1% of the earnings distribution are slightly more cyclical than the population average. But there are large differences across sectors: Top earners in Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (FIRE) and Construction face substantial business cycle volatility, whereas those in Services (who make up 40% of individuals in the top 1 percent) have earnings that are less cyclical than the average worker.
Are There Negative Returns to Aid?

The World Bank report Assessing Aid assumes that an inflow of aid, above a certain level, starts to have negative effects. In this analysis we empirically test this assumption. We find evidence for negative returns to aid at high levels of aid inflows. However, the results are sensitive to both the countries included in the sample and model specification. Moreover, the turning-point above which aid starts to have a negative effect on growth seems to be much higher than assumed in the background calculations for Assessing Aid.
Current Evaluation of Penetrating Cardiac Injuries

T Klin J Cardiovascular Surgery 2003, 4 121 Importance of emergent therapy in intrapericardial extended injuries is originated from, prevention of cardiac tamponade, shock, external hemorrhagy and processes causing exitus. Our therapy protocol for the patients admitted to our emergency service with stab injuries extended to intrapericardium prodiagnosis was; emergent stabilization of vital signs, controlling the external hemor rhagy, performing radiologic and echocardiographic tests due to patients general status and getting th e patient to operation room rapidly, respectively. Th e purpose of this study is to determine whether the Current Evaluation of Penetrating Cardiac Injuries
Characterization of a succession of small insect viruses in a wild South African population of Nudaurelia cytherea capensis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

The Tetraviridae are a family of small insect RNA viruses first discovered in South Africa some 40 years ago. They consist of one or two single-stranded (+) RNAs encapsidated in an icosahedral capsid of approximately 40 nm in diameter, with T = 4 symmetry. The type members of the two genera within this family, Nudaurelia virus (NV) and Nudaurelia virus (NV), infect Nudaurelia cytherea capensis (pine emperor moth) larvae. The absence of N. capensis laboratory colonies and tissue culture cell lines susceptible to virus infection have limited research on the biology of NV and NV because the availability of infectious virus is dependent upon sporadic outbreaks in the wild N. capensis popula- tions. In September 2002, dead and dying N. capensis larvae exhib- iting symptoms similar to those reported previously in other tetravirus infections were observed in a wild population in a pine forest in the Western Cape province of South Africa. We report here the isolation of three small insect viruses from this population over a period of three years. Transmission electron microscopy and serological characterization indicate that all three are tetra-like virus isolates. One isolate was shown by cDNA sequence analysis to be NV, which was thought to have been extinct since 1985. The two other isolates are likely new tetraviruses, designated Nudaurelia virus (NV) and Nudaurelia virus (NV), which are morphologi- cally and serologically related to NV and NV, respectively.