Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Efficiency of Nitrogen and Flue Gas as Operating Gases in Explosive Decompression Pretreatment

As the pretreatment process is the most expensive and energy-consuming step in the overall second generation bioethanol production process, it is vital that it is studied and optimized in order to be able to develop the most efficient production process. The aim of this paper was to investigate chemical and physical changes in biomass during the process of applying the explosive decompression pretreatment method using two different gases—N2 and synthetic flue gas. The explosive decompression method is economically and environmentally attractive since no chemicals are used—rather it is pressure that is applied—and water is used to break down the biomass structure. Both pre-treatment methods were used at different temperatures. To be able to compare the effects of the pretreatment, samples from different process steps were gathered together and analysed. The results were used to assess the efficiency of the pretreatment, the chemical and physical changes in the biomass and, finally, the mass balances were compiled for the process during the different process steps of bioethanol production. The results showed that both pre-treatment methods are effective in hemicellulose dissolution, while the cellulose content decreases to a smaller degree. The high glucose and ethanol yields were gained with both explosive pretreatment methods at 175 °C (15.2–16.0 g glucose and 5.6–9.0 g ethanol per 100 g of dry biomass, respectively).
Variation in yield, forage quality and morphological traits of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding populations and cultivars.

The main objectives of this study were 1) to estimate variation in yield, forage quality and morphological traits of newly developed red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding populations of different origin, 2) to compare their yield potential with foreign cultivars, 3) to determine the relationship between studied traits and 4) to identify and select the most promising populations for future breeding work. Eight red clover breeding populations of different origin (OPCD-2, RCOP-1,3,4,5,6,7,8 created within the framework of the forage crops breeding program at the Agricultural Institute Osijek, Croatia) and eight foreign cultivars (‘Liepsna’, ‘Kamaniai’, ‘Nosovskij 5’, ‘Pallas’, ‘Astred’, ‘Redquin’, ‘Milvus’, ‘Amos’) were evaluated for thirteen morpho-agronomic and forage quality traits. Field experiment was designed as a randomised complete block with three replications over two consecutive years (2008 and 2009) at the Agricultural Institute Osijek, Croatia. The studied breeding populations/cultivars of red clover significantly varied in yields of green mass and dry matter, plant height, number of internodes, density of hairs, width and length of central leaflet, shape of medial leaflet, leaf to stem ratio, content of crude protein and relative feed value. Croatian breeding populations RCOP-3, OPCD-2 and RCOP-1 had significantly higher total yields of green mass (from 98.50 to 111.82 t ha -1 ) and dry matter (from 22.61 to 25.64 t ha -1 ) compared to the observed yields of other populations and foreign cultivars of red clover, which indicates their high genetic potential for yield. Besides the high forage yield, those breeding populations achieved favourable values of quality and other analyzed morphological traits, and they are representing valuable germplasm for further selection work and improving of our breeding program and/or application for plant cultivar registration. Positive correlations were found between forage yields and plant height, number of internodes and between width and length of central leaflet, and these properties were positively correlated with each other. Most quality traits were in negative correlation with yield and other observed morpho-agronomic traits.
Mechanical properties of copper processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing - a review

The Equal Channel Angular Pressing is a hardening treatment with which ductile metals can beprocessed to refine their grain and sub-grain structure. This process enhances the mechanical strength of metalsin terms of tensile strength, stress-controlled fatigue strength, and fatigue crack growth resistance. In this paperthe authors draw a review of the major results of a wide research activity they carried out on a coppermicrostructure processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing. The essential results are that tensile and fatiguestrengths of the so obtained refined structure are improved by a factor of two with respect to the originalcoarse-grained metal. The fatigue crack initiation mechanism and the stability of the refined microstructureunder cyclic loading are topics also discussed, evidencing the essential role of the process and of the materialparameter, as the content of impurities in the microstructure. In this review, the authors also underline somecritical aspects that have to be more investigated.
Características fisicoquímicas de mieles comerciales de eucalipto del suroeste de Casanare

There are few characterization studies of Colombian honeys in the literature. It is important to know different aspects of national honeys in order to verify the compliance with the existing Colombian requirements and International regulations, but also to increase its exploitation considering its quality and distinctive features. Physicochemical parameters are basic factors that determine the final quality of honey. The objective of this research was to assess commercial eucalyptus honeys developed with Apis mellifera in the region of Villanueva (Colombia). Water activity (0.54), pH (5.02), free acidity (14.58 meq kg-1), moisture (16.45 %),color (91.65 mm PFund),electrical conductivity (81.3 mS cm-1), minerals (ash, 0.81 %), reducing sugars (69.95 %), sucrose (1.48 %), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF, 67.29 mg kg-1), diastase activity (3.21 °Gothe),phenolic content (76.57 mg Quercetin/100 g), flavonoids (5.96 mg Gallic acid/100 g) and proline (180.68 mg kg-1) were determined in 24 honey samples following standard and usual procedures. The samples analyzed meet both national and international regulations for free acidity, moisture and HMF. No adulteration treatments were evidenced from proline content. However, the low diastase activity suggests that the honey went through some kind of overheating, probably during its storage under the high temperatures typical in the area of production. Usual estimations of phenolic and flavonoids content were detected. In conclusion,the tested samples fulfill some of the requirements for their commercialization. Hence, it would be convenient to develop a better contrl of the honey production process in the Southwest Casanare.
Chromospheric activities and kinematics for solar type dwarfs and subgiants : analysis of the activity distribution and the AVR

Aims. In this work we present chromospheric activity indices, kinematics, radial-velocities, and rotational velocities for more than 850 FGK-type dwarfs and subgiant stars in the southern hemisphere and test how best to calibrate and measure S-indices from echelle spectra. Methods. We measured our parameters using the high-resolution and high-S /N FEROS echelle spectra acquired for this purpose. Results. We confirm the bimodal distribution of chromospheric activities for such stars and highlight the role that the more active K-dwarfs play in biasing the number of active stars. We show that the age-activity relationship does appear to continue to ages older than the Sun if we simply compare main sequence stars and subgiant stars with an offset of around 2.5 Gyr between the peaks of both distributions. Also we show evidence of an increased spin-down timescale for cool K dwarfs compared with earlier F and G type stars. We highlight that activities drawn from low-resolution spectra (R < 2500) significantly increase the rms scatter when calibrating onto common systems of measurements like the Mt. Wilson system. Also we show that older and widely used catalogues —————‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Openings and Closings in Front Counter Transactions of Malaysian Government Hospitals.

This paper focuses on two aspects of social interactions: openings and closings. It examines the public transactions occurring between front counter Malay staff and clients/patients seeking services in Malaysian government hospitals. Openings and closings are important features of face-to-face interactions because both elements suggest that acknowledgement and recognition of another party have been fulfilled. They also indicate that respect and courteousness are present. Greetings are signs of a social encounter taking place. However, they will only occur under particular ‘socio-historical’ conditions. In this study, the use of openings and closings by front counter staff of various departments in six public (government) Malaysian hospitals were studied. From a total of 146 instances of transactions, only 68 of them contained openings made by staff while 46 contained closings contributed by staff. Analysis of data suggests that front counter staff of Malaysian hospitals used less openings and closings in their public transactions with patients/clients and due to that missing element, they could be described as being less polite than expected.
The antibacterial effect of phyto-mediated silver nanoparticles produced from Ocimum sanctum L. (Lamiaceae) leaf extract on textile fabrics

The Ocimum sanctum (holy thulsi) leaves extract perform as a reducing and capping agent in the formation of silver nanoparticles. A UV-VIS spectrum of the silver nanoparticles showed a peak at 421 nm. The morphology and size of the silver nanoparticles were carried out by the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The sizes of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were found to be in the range of 7 to 45 nm. The structural characteristics of biomo-lecules hosted silver nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction. The chemical composition of elements present in the solution was determined by energy dispersive spectrum. The FTIR analysis of the nanoparticles indicated the presence of proteins, which may be acting as capping agents around the silver nanoparticles. This study reports that green synthesis is medicinally useful nanoparticles to avoid toxic chemicals with adverse effects in medical applications rather than physical and chemical methods. The antibacterial activity of phyto mediated silver nanoparticles was assessed by the paper disc method against Klebsiella pneumonia and 12 mm clear zone was observed. The antibacterial activity of the finished fabrics was assessed quantitatively by reduction test. The topographical analysis of the treated fabric and untreated fabric was studied and compared. The results show that the finished fabric demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Key words: Silver nanoparticles, antimicrobial activity, cotton, green synthesis.
The New Keynesian Phillips Curve and the Role of Expectations: Evidence from the Ifo World Economic Survey

We provide evidence on the fit of the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips curve for selected euro zone countries, the US and the UK. Instead of imposing rational expectations and estimating the Phillips curve by the Generalized Method of Moments, we follow Roberts (1997) and Adam and Padula (2003) and use direct measures of inflation expectations. The data source is the Ifo World Economic Survey, which quarterly polls economic experts about the expected future development of inflation. Our main findings are as follows: (i) In comparison with the rational expectations approach, backward-looking behaviour turns out to be more relevant for most countries in our sample. (ii) The use of survey data for inflation expectations yields a positive slope of the Phillips curve when the output gap is used as a measure for marginal cost.
Risk factors responsible for the spread of meningococal meningitis: a review

Meningococcal meningitis is an air borne disease that has affected every region of the world for over a century now. The disease has a strong relationship with some certain factors which are categorised into socioeconomic factors, social behaviour, climate and environmental factor, demography, respiratory tract disease and geographical localization. In most countries of the world there are sporadic cases from time to time, which implies that the meningococcal bacteria is endemic there but at low level. There is an area that spans sub-Saharan Africa called the meningitis belt where large epidemics occur regularly. The paper describes the various factors that have influenced the spread of the disease in different regions of the world. Risk factors for meningococcal meningitis disease were reviewed. The paper has clearly identified the most important factors like the socioeconomic level, climate and environment, urbanization level, geographical localization, respiratory Tract/Viral Infections, social behaviour, demography and recreational spaces as the cause of the spread of meningococcal meningitis. Having the knowledge of how these factors influences the spread of the disease will go a long way in helping in the prevention strategies by the relevant authorities.
Sparse aperture masking interferometry survey of transitional discs Search for substellar-mass companions and asymmetries in their parent discs

Context. Transitional discs are a class of circumstellar discs around young stars with extensive clearing of dusty material within their inner regions on 10s of au scales. One of the primary candidates for this kind of clearing is the formation of planet(s) within the disc that then accrete or clear their immediate area as they migrate through the disc. Aims. The goal of this survey was to search for asymmetries in the brightness distribution around a selection of transitional disc targets. We then aimed to determine whether these asymmetries trace dynamically-induced structures in the disc or the gap-opening planets themselves. Methods. Our sample included eight transitional discs. Using the Keck/NIRC2 instrument we utilised the Sparse Aperture Masking (SAM) interferometry technique to search for asymmetries indicative of ongoing planet formation. We searched for close-in companions using both model fitting and interferometric image reconstruction techniques. Using simulated data, we derived diagnostics that helped us to distinguish between point sources and extended asymmetric disc emission. In addition, we investigated the degeneracy between the contrast and separation that appear for marginally resolved companions. Results. We found FP Tau to contain a previously unseen disc wall, and DM Tau, LkH α 330, and TW Hya to contain an asymmetric signal indicative of point source-like emission. We placed upper limits on the contrast of a companion in RXJ 1842.9-3532 and V2246 Oph. We ruled the asymmetry signal in RXJ 1615.3-3255 and V2062 Oph to be false positives. In the cases where our data indicated a potential companion we computed estimates for the value of M c Ṁ c and found values in the range of 10 −5 −10 −3 M 2 J yr −1 . Conclusions. We found significant asymmetries in four targets. Of these, three were consistent with companions. We resolved a previously unseen gap in the disc of FP Tau extending inwards from approximately 10 au.
How Might Recharge Change Under Projected Climate Change in the Western U.S.?

Although groundwater is a major water resource in the western U.S., little research has been done on the impacts of climate change on groundwater storage and recharge in the West. Here we assess the impact of projected changes in climate on groundwater recharge in the near (2021–2050) and far (2071–2100) future across the western U.S. Variable Infiltration Capacity model was run with RCP 6.0 forcing from 11 global climate models and “subsurface runoff” output was considered as recharge. Recharge is expected to decrease in the West (−5.8 ± 14.3%) and Southwest (−4.0 ± 6.7%) regions in the near future and in the South region (−9.5 ± 24.3%) in the far future. The Northern Rockies region is expected to get more recharge in the near (+5.3 ± 9.2%) and far (+11.8 ± 12.3%) future. Overall, southern portions of the western U.S. are expected to get less recharge in the future and northern portions will get more. Climate change interacts with land surface properties to affect the amount of recharge that occurs in the future. Effects on recharge due to change in vegetation response from projected changes in climate and CO2 concentration, though important, are not considered in this study.
The antecedents’ strategies and processes of product innovation performance

Article history: Received: July 17, 2018 Received in revised format: July 24, 2018 Accepted: August 12, 2018 Available online: August 12, 2018 Innovation has become unavoidable choice for companies to survive. However, a high percentage of new products fail, which increase the risk of using innovative ideas. Therefore, to control and reduce the risk of introducing new products, most companies need to invent new products that can meet the customers’ real needs. Accordingly, customer must be the main source of the information through which the ideas of new products are generated. Having the knowledge about the market needs and trends is not enough as the knowledge needs to be translated into real products. Hence, capabilities, in this context, play a vital role to enhance product innovation performance of the organizations. Thus, this study investigates the role of manufacturing capabilities in enhancing the organizations’ abilities to translate the ideas into the right product that can meet customers’ needs. Moreover, this paper discusses the link between customer knowledge management and developing manufacturing capabilities. The study is conducted in Malaysia, and uses the information of 134 manufacturing companies for the survey. Partial least square is used to obtain the results. The findings are discussed and compared with other results in the literature. © 2018 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Glaciation's topographic control on Holocene erosion at the eastern edge of the Alps

Abstract. What is the influence of glacial processes in driving erosion and uplift across the European Alps? It has largely been argued that repeated erosion and glaciation sustain isostatic uplift and topography in a decaying orogen. But some parts of the Alps may still be actively uplifting via deep lithospheric processes. We add insight to this debate by isolating the role of post-glacial topographic forcing on erosion rates. To do this, we quantify the topographic signature of past glaciation on millennial-scale erosion rates in previously glaciated and unglaciated catchments at the easternmost edge of the Austrian Alps. Newly measured catchment-wide erosion rates, determined from cosmogenic 10Be in river-borne quartz, correlate with basin relief and mean slope. GIS-derived slope–elevation and slope–area distributions across catchments provide clear topographic indicators of the degree of glacial preconditioning, which further correlates with erosion rates. Erosion rates in the easternmost, non-glaciated basins range from 40 to 150 mm ky−1 and likely reflect underlying tectonic forcings in this region, which have previously been attributed to recent (post 5 Ma) uplift. By contrast, erosion rates in previously glaciated catchments range from 170 to 240 mm ky−1 and reflect the erosional response to local topographic preconditioning by repeated glaciations. Together, these data suggest that Holocene erosion across the Eastern Alps is strongly shaped by the local topography relict from previous glaciations. Broader, landscape-wide forcings, such as the widely debated deep mantle-driven or isostatically driven uplift, result in lesser controls on both topography and erosion rates in this region. Comparing our data to previously published erosion rates across the Alps, we show that post-glacial erosion rates vary across more than 2 orders of magnitude. This high variation in post-glacial erosion may reflect combined effects of direct tectonic and modern climatic forcings but is strongly overprinted by past glacial climate and its topographic legacy.
Can meteorological variables affect milk production in different lactation orders of dairy cows in the Cfb climatic zone? A case study in Southern Brazil.

Data from 5689 lactating cows in 35 different dairy herds in Southern Brazil were evaluated over a 15-year period to examine the influence of meteorological variables on milk production in dairy cows with primiparous (1st) and multiparous (2nd to 4th) lactation. Meteorological variables considered were maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity of air, solar radiation, wind speed, precipitation and temperature and humidity index corrected for solar radiation and wind speed (THIc). Data were submitted to principal component analysis (PRINCOMP), Pearson correlation (CORR) and step-by-step (STEPDISC) discriminant analyses, using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS®). lactation order and milk production showed a negative and significant correlation with minimum temperature, but with low magnitude. Primiparous and multiparous cows were negatively affected by maximum temperature in summer, while the higher the minimum temperature in winterwas, the better the milk production was. Primiparous cows produced, on average, 28.17 kg/day of milk and were 26.15 months old while the multiparous cows in average produced 30.76 kg/day and were 54.47 months old. The greatest average maximum temperature recorded during the 15 years of observations did not exceed 30oC and the THI corrected were maintained within acceptable values for animal thermal comfort. Lactation order and milk production showed a negative and significant correlation with minimum temperature, but with low magnitude. Milk production of multiparous cows was negatively affected by maximum temperature in summer and milk production of both categories were affected negatively by minimum temperature in fall. The principal component analysis did not show any association between milk production, lactation order and meteorological variables. Discriminant analysis presented significant values for meteorological variables, but with very low values of partial R2 estimated. Meteorological variables in a Cfb climatic zone did not negatively affect milk production in primiparous and multiparous lactating cows.
Developing a Model Based On GIS and Statistical Analysis for Family Support of Substance Abuser in Terengganu

Family support has a strong impact on individuals and there is no exception in substance abuse recovery process. Family support manages to play a positive role in substance abuse problems. The present study deals with the developing model of family support substance abuser with the combination method of Geographic Information System (GIS) and statistical models. The data used for this study was collected from seven districts in Terengganu with a constant number of respondents. 35 respondents for each district were involved in this study. It was then processed using factor analysis (FA) to develop index of family support. By using the developed indices, GIS tool was used to plot the distribution map of family support indices according to each form of family support. The result indicated that the highest index for all form of family support abuser was located in Besut district. High level of family support is essential as an effort for rehabilitation process of substance abusers.