Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Red light photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis using 37 J/cm2: Fractionated irradiation with 12.3 mW/cm2 after 30 minutes incubation time compared to standard continuous irradiation with 75 mW/cm2 after 3 hours incubation time using a mathematical modeling

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment modality for various diseases, especially for dermatological conditions. Although, the standard PDT protocol for the treatment of actinic keratoses in Europe has shown to be effective, treatment‐associated pain is often observed in patients. Different modifications to this protocol attempted to decrease pain have been investigated. The decrease in fluence rate seems to be a promising solution. Moreover, it has been suggested that light fractionation significantly increases the efficacy of PDT. Based on a flexible light‐emitting textile, the FLEXITHERALIGHT device specifically provides a fractionated illumination at a fluence rate more than six times lower than that of the standard protocol. In a recently completed clinical trial of PDT for the treatment of actinic keratosis, the non‐inferiority of a protocol involving illumination with the FLEXITHERALIGHT device after a short incubation time and referred to as the FLEXITHERALIGHT protocol has been assessed compared to the standard protocol. In this paper, we propose a comparison of the two above mentioned 635 nm red light protocols with 37 J/cm2 in the PDT treatment of actinic keratosis: the standard protocol and the FLEXITHERALIGHT one through a mathematical modeling.
Drug-resistance surveillance among newly HIV-1 diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Objective:Our objective was to estimate primary resistance in an urban setting in a developing country with a long history of antiretroviral delivery and high coverage levels. Design:We carried out a resistance surveillance study according to WHO HIV-Resistance Guidelines. Methods:Blood samples were collected from 323 drug-naive HIV-1 infected individuals diagnosed at two HIV voluntary counselling and testing centers in Buenos Aires. Viral-load, CD4 cell counts and detuned assays were performed on all samples. The pol gene was sequenced and the resistance profile determined. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by neighbor-joining trees and bootscanning analysis. Results:We found that 12 (4.2%) of the 284 samples sequenced harbored primary resistance mutations, of which K103N, M41L and V108I were most prevalent. Phylogenetic analysis revealed evidence for the transmission of the K103N mutation among the drug-naive population. The proportion of recent infections identified by the detuned assay was 10.1%. Conclusions:Levels of primary resistance in Buenos Aires are still low, despite a long history of ARV delivery and high coverage levels.
Defective viral DNA in Epstein-Barr virus-associated oral hairy leukoplakia

Defective Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has a deleted and rearranged genome (termed het DNA) that disrupts latency and induces standard EBV to replicate in vitro. We used the polymerase chain reaction to detect, in 2 of 10 patient samples, the junction of abnormally juxtaposed EBV DNA fragments BamHI W and Z, a genomic rearrangement responsible for the biologic activity of het DNA. By sequence analysis, the junction in wild-type defective DNA appears to be similar but not identical to the recombination in the DNA of laboratory strain P3HR-1. The presence of this marker for het DNA in the epithelial lesions of two patients suggests a role for defective EBV in a human pathologic process.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of fluid flow in fracture networks with rough, self-affine surfaces.

Using the lattice Boltzmann method, we study fluid flow in a two-dimensional (2D) model of fracture network of rock. Each fracture in a square network is represented by a 2D channel with rough, self-affine internal surfaces. Various parameters of the model, such as the connectivity and the apertures of the fractures, the roughness profile of their surface, as well as the Reynolds number for flow of the fluid, are systematically varied in order to assess their effect on the effective permeability of the fracture network. The distribution of the fractures' apertures is approximated well by a log-normal distribution, which is consistent with experimental data. Due to the roughness of the fractures' surfaces, and the finite size of the networks that can be used in the simulations, the fracture network is anisotropic. The anisotropy increases as the connectivity of the network decreases and approaches the percolation threshold. The effective permeability K of the network follows the power law K approximately (beta), where is the average aperture of the fractures in the network and the exponent beta may depend on the roughness exponent. A crossover from linear to nonlinear flow regime is obtained at a Reynolds number Re approximately O(1), but the precise numerical value of the crossover Re depends on the roughness of the fractures' surfaces.
Transcription factories: genome organization and gene regulation.

I will argue that transcription 'factories' are central organizers of the human genome during interphase, and that proximity to an appropriate factory determines the activity of a gene. The nucleolus is the prototypic factory; it is a place where many rRNA genes are efficiently co-transcribed by local concentrations of RNA polymerase I. Analogous clusters of RNA polymerase II in nucleoplasmic factories make protein-coding transcripts. I begin by describing new forces able to drive genome organization uncovered using Brownian dynamic simulations. For example, a diffusion-based " osmotic ratchet " can force bound " slip-links " like cohesin to " convergent " CTCF sites without the need for any motor activity. Additional simulations point to an unforeseen 'bridging-induced attraction' that can assemble factories and organize interphase chromosomes at all scales. This organization leads naturally to an explanation of how gene activity is regulated: a promoter is only likely to initiate if tethered near a factory containing appropriate factors. As motifs like enhancers, silencers, insulators, barriers, and boundaries are transcription units, they would work by tethering target promoters close to, or distant from, suitable factories; although we might name the motifs differently, they are all just transcription units influencing promoter-factory distance (and so initiation frequency).
Dexmedetomidine Does Not Affect Evoked Potentials During Spine Surgery

BACKGROUND:The effect of dexmedetomidine on evoked potentials (EPs) has not been elucidated. We aimed to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on somatosensory, motor, and visual EPs. METHODS:After IRB approval, 40 adult patients scheduled for elective spine surgery using total IV anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil were randomly assigned to receive either dexmedetomidine (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. After obtaining informed consent, positioning, and baseline EPs recording, patients were randomly assigned to either IV dexmedetomidine 0.6 &mgr;g/kg infused over 10 minutes, followed by 0.6 &mgr;g/kg/h, or a corresponding volume of IV normal saline (placebo). EP measures at 60 ± 30 minutes after initiation of study drug were defined as T1 and at 150 ± 30 minutes were defined as T2. Changes from baseline to T1 (primary end point) and from baseline to T2 (secondary end point) in EP latencies (milliseconds) and amplitudes (microvolts) were compared between groups. Data presented as mean ± SD (95% confidence interval). RESULTS:Data from 40 patients (dexmedetomidine: n = 20; age, 54 ± 3 years; 10 males; placebo: n = 20; age, 52 ± 2 years; 5 males) were analyzed. There was no difference between dexmedetomidine versus placebo groups in primary end points: change of somatosensory EPs at T1, latency: 0.01 ± 1.3 (−0.64, 0.65) vs 0.01 ± 1.3 (−0.64, 0.65), P = 0.43 (−1.24, 0.45); amplitude: 0.03 ± 0.14 (−0.06, 0.02) vs −0.01 ± 0.13 (−0.07, 0.05), P = 0.76 (−0.074, 0.1); motor EPs amplitude at T1: 65.1 ± 194.8 (−35, 165; n = 18) vs 109.2 ± 241.4 (−24, 243; n = 16), P = 0.57 (−113.5, 241.57); visual EPs at T1 (right eye), amplitude: 2.3 ± 3.6 (−0.4, 5.1; n = 11) vs 0.3 ± 6.0 (−3.3, 3.9; n = 16), P = 0.38 (−6.7, 2.6); latency N1: 2.3 ± 3.6 (−0.4, 5.1) vs 0.3 ± 6.0 (−3.3, 3.9), P = 0.38 (−6.7, 2.6); latency P1: −1.6 ± 13.4 (−11.9, 8.7) vs −1.4 ± 8.1 (−6.3, 3.5), P = 0.97 (−9.3, 9.7) or secondary end points. There were no differences between right and left visual EPs either at T1 or at T2. CONCLUSIONS:In clinically relevant doses, dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to total IV anesthesia does not seem to alter EPs and therefore can be safely used during surgeries requiring monitoring of EPs.
Fractional excretion of uric acid in infancy and childhood

Normal newborns had a low glomerular filtration rate measured by creatinine clearance which progressively increased to reach adult levels by one year of age when corrected for surface area. There was also an increased fractional excretion of uric acid (34·6% ± 11·2 SD). Progressive maturation of this tubular function was observed within the first year of life. Thereafter, stable levels approaching adult levels of excretion were maintained. Linear regression functions of log-transformed values of fractional excretion of uric acid by weight were fitted separately to the newborns, infants <1 year, and children aged 1 to 7 years. The 3 groups were found to constitute three distinct populations with regard to both the slope of the regression lines and the scatter of values about the line, which decreased significantly from the youngest to the oldest group. In low birthweight infants both glomerular and tubular maturation, as evidenced by these parameters, were related to age rather than to weight. It is suggested that the large urinary uric acid load excreted in the first days of life is facilitated by the concomitant deficiency of acidification and concentration of urine.
Rescue of IVF cycles by HMG in pituitary down-regulated normogonadotrophic young women characterized by a poor initial response to recombinant FSH.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) during controlled ovarian stimulation in normoovulatory normogonadotrophic patients showing an initial suboptimal response to a standardized long protocol therapy with recombinant FSH (rFSH) (300 IU/day). METHODS A total of 43 such patients were randomized in two groups. In Group A, 150 IU rFSH was substituted by 150 IU HMG after day 8 of stimulation. The stimulation protocol of Group B involved a simple increase of the daily rFSH dose to 375 IU after day 8. A total of 40 BMI and age matched patients with an optimal ovarian response formed the control group (Group C). RESULTS The mean Group A serum concentration of oestradiol on the day of HCG administration and average number of oocytes retrieved were significantly higher than Group B (P < 0.001) and equivalent to Group C. A total of 10 pregnancies (50%) in Group A, 8 (34.8%) in Group B and 19 (47.5%) in the control group were achieved. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that LH supplementation improves the ovarian outcome in patients characterized by an inadequate initial response to rFSH therapy in a long protocol.
Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a retrospective clinical review of 62 patients with treatment outcome and long‐term follow‐up

Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a distinctive form of scarring alopecia presenting with frontal and temporoparietal recession of the hairline. Its etiology remains unknown, and there are no universal treatment guidelines. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to define the clinical findings and treatment outcomes of 62 patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia, one of the largest cohorts to date.
In vitro amoebicidal activity of immune cells

The amoebicidal activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen and peritoneal cells from hamsters vaccinated against or protected from hepatic amoebiasis and from those with hepatic amoebiasis was investigated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and peritoneal and spleen cells from vaccinated or protected animals can kill trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica in vitro. In contrast, spleen cells from infected hamsters showed no significant cytotoxic effect on the parasite. These data suggest that cellular immunity plays an important role in host defense against hepatic amoebiasis.
State-ofthe-Art Report on Partially Prestressed Concrete Reported by Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 423

Commentaries ar designing, execut document is inte are competent limitations of its who will accept r material it conta disclaims any a principles. The In damage arising the Reference to t contract documen desired by the A contract documen language for incor Partially prestressed con tion of prestressed and n concrete falls between th crete and fully prestresse service loads. When fle under service loads, the ACI 423.5R-99
Evaluation of a new energy device for parenchymal transection in laparoscopic liver resection

THUNDERBEAT (TB) is a novel device that uses both ultrasonic and advanced bipolar energies for hemostasis. Several recent human studies have proved the safety and efficacy of TB in different surgical procedures, but there have been no similar studies about its efficacy in hepatic parenchymal transection. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the TB device in laparoscopic liver resection.
MyD88 Signaling Is Required for Efficient Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infection

ABSTRACT The mechanisms that govern the initial interaction between Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a primary dimorphic fungal pathogen, and cells of the innate immunity need to be clarified. Our previous studies showed that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 regulate the initial interaction of fungal cells with macrophages and the pattern of adaptive immunity that further develops. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the role of MyD88, an adaptor molecule used by TLRs to activate genes of the inflammatory response in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis. Studies were performed with normal and MyD88−/− C57BL/6 mice intratracheally infected with P. brasiliensis yeast cells. MyD88−/− macrophages displayed impaired interaction with fungal yeast cells and produced low levels of IL-12, MCP-1, and nitric oxide, thus allowing increased fungal growth. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, MyD88−/− mice developed a more severe infection of the lungs and had marked dissemination of fungal cells to the liver and spleen. MyD88−/− mice presented low levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines, suppressed lymphoproliferation, and impaired influx of inflammatory cells to the lungs, and this group of cells comprised lower numbers of neutrophils, activated macrophages, and T cells. Nonorganized, coalescent granulomas, which contained high numbers of fungal cells, characterized the severe lesions of MyD88−/− mice; the lesions replaced extensive areas of several organs. Therefore, MyD88−/− mice were unable to control fungal growth and showed a significantly decreased survival time. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that MyD88 signaling is important in the activation of fungicidal mechanisms and the induction of protective innate and adaptive immune responses against P. brasiliensis.
DISEASE RECURRENCE AND REJECTION FOLLOWING LIVER TRANSPLANTATION FOR AUTOIMMUNE CHRONIC ACTIVE LIVER DISEASE

Autoimmune chronic active liver disease (ACALD), a major indication for liver transplantation, is associated strongly with antigenic determinants HLA-B8 and DR3. A retrospective analysis of 43 patients who underwent OLTx for putative ACALD and who, as well as their tissue organ donors, were typed, was performed. Disease recurrence and graft rejection episodes were determined by chart review and histopathological review of all material available. Disease recurrence was histologically documented in 11 (25.6%) of these 43 cases. Graft rejection episodes occurred in 24 (55.8%). All recurrences were in recipients of HLA-DR3-negative grafts. Nine of the recurrences were in HLA-DR3-positive recipients (odds ratio: 6.14, P<0.03). Two of 11 cases of disease recurrence were in recipients who were HLA-DR3-negative. Nine of these 11 had received HLA-DR3-negative grafts. Rejection occurred in 13 HLA-B8-positive recipients, 12 of whom received HLA-B8-negative grafts. Eleven HLA-B8-negative recipients experienced at least one rejection episode and 9 of these had received HLA-B8-negative grafts. Based upon these data we conclude: 1) that recurrence of putative ACALD is more likely to occur in HLA-DR3-positive recipients of HLA-DR3-negative grafts; (2) that recurrences were not seen in recipients of HLA-DR3-positive grafts; (3) that BXA-B8 status does not affect disease recurrence; and (4) that neither the HLA-B8 nor the DR3 status of the graft or recipient has an effect on the observed frequency of rejection.
Electronic Health Record-Related Safety Concerns: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Electronic Health Record Users

Background The rapid expansion in the use of electronic health records (EHR) has increased the number of medical errors originating in health information systems (HIS). The sociotechnical approach helps in understanding risks in the development, implementation, and use of EHR and health information technology (HIT) while accounting for complex interactions of technology within the health care system. Objective This study addresses two important questions: (1) “which of the common EHR error types are associated with perceived high- and extreme-risk severity ratings among EHR users? ”, and (2) “which variables are associated with high- and extreme-risk severity ratings? ” Methods This study was a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive study of EHR users. We conducted a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire study at the largest hospital district in Finland. Statistical tests included the reliability of the summative scales tested with Cronbach’s alpha. Logistic regression served to assess the association of the independent variables to each of the eight risk factors examined. Results A total of 2864 eligible respondents provided the final data. Almost half of the respondents reported a high level of risk related to the error type “extended EHR unavailability”. The lowest overall risk level was associated with “selecting incorrectly from a list of items”. In multivariate analyses, profession and clinical unit proved to be the strongest predictors for high perceived risk. Physicians perceived risk levels to be the highest (P<.001 in six of eight error types), while emergency departments, operating rooms, and procedure units were associated with higher perceived risk levels (P<.001 in four of eight error types). Previous participation in eLearning courses on EHR-use was associated with lower risk for some of the risk factors. Conclusions Based on a large number of Finnish EHR users in hospitals, this study indicates that HIT safety hazards should be taken very seriously, particularly in operating rooms, procedure units, emergency departments, and intensive care units/critical care units. Health care organizations should use proactive and systematic assessments of EHR risks before harmful events occur. An EHR training program should be compulsory for all EHR users in order to address EHR safety concerns resulting from the failure to use HIT appropriately.
Prostatic cavitary lesions containing urine in dogs.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the proportion of urine-containing prostatic cavitary lesions ("urinary cysts") in dogs and to describe their clinical management. METHODS The study included dogs with clinically relevant prostatic-retention cyst/abscess (n=87) treated initially by percutaneous ultrasound-guided drainage of the prostatic cavity. Based on a prostatic fluid:serum creatinine ratio, the study population was divided into two groups: group 1 (n=16) with and group 2 (n=71) without evidence of urine within the lesion. Medical records of both the groups were reviewed. RESULTS Cavitary lesions containing urine were observed in 16 of the 87 dogs (18·4%; group 1). In 10 (62·5%) of the group 1 dogs, abdominal surgery was recommended, because of recurrent filling during follow-up. In group 2, abdominal surgery was recommended in only 11 of 71 cases (15·5%). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In dogs, 18·4% (95% confidence interval, 10·9 to 28·1%) of the prostatic cavitary lesions contain urine. Measurement of creatinine within the prostatic cavity fluid is a helpful tool in diagnosing a presurgical intra-prostatic urethral fistulation, and these dogs tend to require a more aggressive surgical therapy than percutaneous drainage alone.
Characteristics of mononuclear cell populations in chronically inflamed synovial membranes

Mononuclear cells infiltrating synovial membranes in chronic synovitis were characterised both in situ and in cell suspensions by surface markers and histochemical techniques. T-lymphocytes were the predominant infiltrating cell in rheumatoid arthritis as well as in other forms of chronic arthritis, including ankylosing spondylitis and arthritis associated with Crohn's disease. B-lymphocytes were found exclusively in rheumatoid synovial membranes. These cells were demonstrable both in true germinal centres and, focally and diffusely, in nodular mononuclear infiltrates lacking the histochemical characteristics of germinal centres. The synovial lining cells, unlike mononuclear phagocytes, had no demonstrable receptors for C3 and Fc.
Do Postoperative Complications Vary by Hospital Teaching Status?

Objective:The purpose of this paper is to assess postoperative patient safety outcomes across teaching and nonteaching hospitals and to examine the relation of hospital and patient factors to patient safety outcomes. Research Design and Methods:The Nationwide Inpatient Sample and American Hospital Association annual survey data were used for analyses. Patient safety indicators (PSIs) developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) were used to identify 6 postoperative PSIs. The study sample consisted of 646 acute care hospitals, divided into nonteaching (n = 400), minor teaching (n = 207), and major teaching hospitals (n = 39). The unit of analysis was the patient. Associations between hospital teaching status and patient and hospital characteristics were determined using one-way analysis of variance and Pearson χ2 test. Multivariable analysis using generalized estimating equation regression models assessed the relationship between teaching status and PSIs. Results:Bivariate results showed higher observed PSI rates at major teaching hospitals. Results from multivariable analyses, after adjusting for hospital size, staffing variables, patient case mix, and other risk factors, showed that major teaching hospitals had significantly higher odds of postoperative pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis and postoperative sepsis, lower odds of postoperative respiratory failure, and showed no difference for postoperative hip fracture, postoperative hematoma or hemorrhage, and postoperative physio-metabolic derangement. Conclusions:The present analysis found an inconsistent relationship between teaching status and postoperative patient safety event rates. Teaching status of the hospital was associated with numerous hospital and patient characteristics which mediate the relationship between teaching status and PSIs.
High-Performance GaN MOSFET With High-$\kappa$  $\hbox{LaAlO}_{3}/\hbox{SiO}_{2}$ Gate Dielectric

Using a high-κ LaAlO<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> gate dielectric, the recessed-gate GaN MOSFET has a low threshold voltage (<i>V</i><sub>t</sub>) of 0.1 V, low on-resistance (R<sub>on</sub>) of 13.5 Ω·mm, high breakdown voltage of 385 V, high transconductance (g<sub>m</sub>) of 136 mS/mm, and record-best normalized drive current (μC<sub>ox</sub>) of 172 μA/V<sup>2</sup>. Such excellent device integrity is due to the small capacitance equivalent thickness of 3.0 nm, using a high-κ gate dielectric and recessed-gate etching.