Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of tyrosine‐hydroxylase (TH)‐immunoreactive neurons in the diencephalon of the pigeon (Columba livia domestica)

The distribution of tyrosine‐hydroxylase (TH)immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers in the diencephalon has been investigated with immunohistological techniques in the pigeon. The results suggest that TH is present in a number of morphologically distinct neuronal systems. Preoptic and hypothalamic TH neurons were subdivided into a medial periventricular and a lateral group. The medial group starts with a rostral collection of small cells in the preoptic region. A significantly larger collection of TH neurons occupies the paraventricular nucleus (PVN)(stratum cellulare internum) and mainly consists of large multipolar cells. Further caudally, the main concentration of cells is in the hypothalamic posteromedial and the periventricular regions of the tuberoinfundibular (arcuate) nucleus. No TH neuron was found in the ventral and lateral parts of the tuberoinfundibular region, suggesting that the prominent tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic system described in mammals is absent in the pigeon. This is further substantiated by the relative scarcity of TH immunoreactive fibers and varicosities in the neurohemal zone of the median eminence (ME). The caudalmost components of the medial group appear to be continuous with the large population of TH neurons distributed in the midline of the mesencephalon. Tyrosine‐hydroxylase‐immunopositive cells have not been found in the paraventricular organ. The lateral group consists of TH neurons loosely arranged in the lateral hypothalamus, including regions of the supraoptic nucleus and hypothalamic posterolateral nucleus. Tyrosine‐hydroxylase containing neurons vary widely in size, shape, and dendritic arborization in each diencephalic region. However, it is possible to distinguish two main cell types. Small bipolar neurons with two simple arborizing dendrites were concentrated in the medial periventricular system. The second type of cell is large, multipolar with four to five branching dendrites. This latter cell type occurs mainly in the lateral system and in the PVN. Major fiber bundles containing TH immunoreactivity were identified in the lateral and periventricular hypothalamus. The paraventricular organ and the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis contained the densest arborization of fibers and varicosities. In the ME, dense innervation was found in the subependymal layer. Dense arborizations of TH positive fibers and varicosities were located in the septal nuclei and the paleostriatum augmentation.
Keshif: Rapid and Expressive Tabular Data Exploration for Novices

General purpose graphical interfaces for data exploration are typically based on manual visualization and interaction specifications. While designing manual specification can be very expressive, it demands high efforts to make effective decisions, therefore reducing exploratory speed. Instead, principled automated designs can increase exploratory speed, decrease learning efforts, help avoid ineffective decisions, and therefore better support data analytics novices. Towards these goals, we present Keshif, a new systematic design for tabular data exploration. To summarize a given dataset, Keshif aggregates records by value within attribute summaries, and visualizes aggregate characteristics using a consistent design based on data types. To reveal data distribution details, Keshif features three complementary linked selections: highlighting, filtering, and comparison. Keshif further increases expressiveness through aggregate metrics, absolute/part-of scale modes, calculated attributes, and saved selections, all working in synchrony. Its automated design approach also simplifies authoring of dashboards composed of summaries and individual records from raw data using fluid interaction. We show examples selected from $160+ $ datasets from diverse domains. Our study with novices shows that after exploring raw data for 15 minutes, our participants reached close to 30 data insights on average, comparable to other studies with skilled users using more complex tools.
Mass Spectrometry of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Peptidomes Reveals Strong Effects of Protein Abundance and Turnover on Antigen Presentation*

HLA class I molecules reflect the health state of cells to cytotoxic T cells by presenting a repertoire of endogenously derived peptides. However, the extent to which the proteome shapes the peptidome is still largely unknown. Here we present a high-throughput mass-spectrometry-based workflow that allows stringent and accurate identification of thousands of such peptides and direct determination of binding motifs. Applying the workflow to seven cancer cell lines and primary cells, yielded more than 22,000 unique HLA peptides across different allelic binding specificities. By computing a score representing the HLA-I sampling density, we show a strong link between protein abundance and HLA-presentation (p < 0.0001). When analyzing overpresented proteins – those with at least fivefold higher density score than expected for their abundance – we noticed that they are degraded almost 3 h faster than similar but nonpresented proteins (top 20% abundance class; median half-life 20.8h versus 23.6h, p < 0.0001). This validates protein degradation as an important factor for HLA presentation. Ribosomal, mitochondrial respiratory chain, and nucleosomal proteins are particularly well presented. Taking a set of proteins associated with cancer, we compared the predicted immunogenicity of previously validated T-cell epitopes with other peptides from these proteins in our data set. The validated epitopes indeed tend to have higher immunogenic scores than the other detected HLA peptides. Remarkably, we identified five mutated peptides from a human colon cancer cell line, which have very recently been predicted to be HLA-I binders. Altogether, we demonstrate the usefulness of combining MS-analysis with immunogenesis prediction for identifying, ranking, and selecting peptides for therapeutic use.
Cat's Ability to Discriminate Oblique Rectangles

Cats were trained to discriminate either between a horizontal and vertical rectangle or between two oblique rectangles, one at 45�, the other at 135� to horizontal. All animals were first trained with both shapes (one in each orientation) presented together, and then retrained with only one shape shown at a time. Throughout the experiment the animals being trained with oblique rectangles performed as well as those being trained with horizontal and vertical rectangles. This finding is in marked contrast with results obtained from other species. The results suggest that the ability of a species to discriminate between rectangles in different orientations may depend upon the relative numbers of cells in the visual system having receptive fields in each orientation.
Fear Appeals and Information Security Behaviors: An Empirical Study

Information technology executives strive to align the actions of end users with the desired security posture of management and of the firm through persuasive communication. In many cases, some element of fear is incorporated within these communications. However, within the context of computer security and information assurance, it is not yet clear how these fear-inducing arguments, known as fear appeals, will ultimately impact the actions of end users. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of fear appeals on the compliance of end users with recommendations to enact specific individual computer security actions toward the mitigation of threats. An examination was performed that culminated in the development and testing of a conceptual model representing an infusion of technology adoption and fear appeal theories. Results of the study suggest that fear appeals do impact end user behavioral intentions to comply with recommended individual acts of security, but the impact is not uniform across all end users. It is determined in part by perceptions of self-efficacy, response efficacy, threat severity, and social influence. The findings of this research contribute to information systems security research, human-computer interaction, and organizational communication by revealing a new paradigm in which IT users form perceptions of the technology, not on the basis of performance gains, but on the basis of utility for threat mitigation.
Production of lymphoid tumors in hamsters by direct implantation of normal human peripheral and umbilical cord leukocytes

Peripheral leukocytes from Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐seropositive or seronegative normal adults, or human umbilical cord leukocytes infected or not infected with EBV, were directly transplanted into 50 newborn hamsters treated with anti‐lymphocyte serum. Lymphoid tumors were produced after a latent period of 10–25 days in 39 animals: 8 of 14 recipients of seropositive donor leukocytes, 2 of 2 recipients of seronegative donor leukocytes, 13 of 15 recipients of EBV‐infected cord leukocytes, and 16 of 19 recipients of non‐infected cord leukocytes. EBV‐determined nuclear antigen‐positive human lymphoblastoid cell lines were established in vitro from tumors produced with seropositive donor leukocytes or EBV‐infected cord leukocytes but not from tumors produced with seronegative donor leukocytes or non‐infected cord leukocytes. The results indicate that EBV is not a prerequisite for in vivo production of tumors but necessary for in vitro establishment of lymphoblastoid cell lines from such tumors.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism assessment of genetic variation in Nicaraguan populations of Pinus oocarpa

Pinus oocarpa is the most widely distributed pine species of Mexico and Central America. The natural populations of Nicaragua have been affected by extensive human activities. As a consequence, their size has been reduced, and there is a serious threat to the development of mature woodland. Knowledge of population structures and the genetic diversity of the species is required for the design of sustainable use and conservation strategies. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to assess the genetic variation among 10 populations from three geographical regions of Nicaragua. Both markers revealed high levels of diversity in these populations. GST values and analyses of molecular variance (amova) found that most variation was within populations but there is still a significant differentiation between populations indicating that the populations sampled cannot be considered a single panmictic unit. The partitions created by amova also showed that there was little differentiation between populations of different regions, although cluster analyses based on RAPDs and AFLPs indicated a closer relationship among most of the populations from a same geographical region. Management of P. oocarpa in Nicaragua should be aimed to maintain the high degree of genetic variation within individual populations that is still observed even in some of these highly degraded populations.
Sericin can reduce hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by activating the Akt signal transduction pathway in a rat model of diabetes mellitus

In the present study, a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was established by continuous peritoneal injection of streptozotocin. Following intragastric perfusion of sericin for 35 days, blood glucose levels significantly reduced, neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region decreased, hippocampal phosphorylated Akt and nuclear factor kappa B expression were enhanced, but Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 associated death promoter expression decreased. Results demonstrated that sericin can reduce hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of diabetes mellitus by regulating abnormal changes in the Akt signal transduction pathway.
Preprocedural Fasting State and Adverse Events in Children Receiving Nitrous Oxide for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia

Study Objective: Established fasting guidelines for analgesia and sedation are difficult to follow in the emergency department (ED), and the association between preprocedural fasting and adverse events has been questioned. We characterize the fasting status of patients receiving procedural sedation and analgesia with nitrous oxide (N2O) in a pediatric ED and assess the relationship between fasting status and adverse events. Methods: A prospective case series was conducted in a children's hospital ED over an 8-month period. Patients receiving N2O for procedural sedation and analgesia were enrolled and followed up by telephone call. Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events, as well as N2O concentration, adjunctive drugs, and deepest level of sedation, were recorded. Adverse events were analyzed in relation to fasting status. Results: Two hundred twenty children who underwent procedural sedation and analgesia with N2O were enrolled. Fasting status was obtained in 218 patients (99.1%). Of these, 155 (71.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 64.5%-77.0%) did not meet fasting guidelines for solids There were no serious adverse events and no episodes of aspiration (1-sided 97.5% CI, 0%-1.7%). While in the ED, 46 minor adverse events occurred in 37 patients (16.8%; 95% CI, 12.1%-22.4%). Emesis occurred in 15 patients (7%), including 4 (6.3%; 95% CI, 1.8%-15.5%) of 63 patients who met and in 11 (7.1%; 95% CI, 3.6%-12.3%) of 155 patients who did not meet fasting guidelines for solids. There was no significant difference in median fasting duration between patients with and without emesis. Conclusion: Seventy-one percent of patients undergoing ED procedural sedation and analgesia with N2O did not meet established fasting guidelines. In this series, there was no association between preprocedural fasting and emesis. There were no serious adverse events.
Genomic modifications in Sabin vaccine strains isolated from vaccination-associated cases, healthy contacts and healthy vaccinees.

The three attenuated strains developed by A.B. Sabin have been effectively used as an oral live poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to control poliomyelitis in many countries. Although rarely, vaccination-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) cases occur with the type 2 and 3 strains, and less frequently with the type 1 strain. The greater number of attenuating mutations in the P1/Sabin strain is probably reflected in the higher safety of this strain in comparison to type 2 and 3 strains. For the P1/Sabin strain, many attenuating mutations were already identified in the 5'-non-coding region (5'NCR), in the capsid proteins coding region, in the 3Dpol coding region, and the 3'-non-coding region (3'NCR). For the P2/Sabin and P3/Sabin strains, one mutation in 5'NCR and another in the capsid proteins coding region have been demonstrated to be important determinations of attenuation, although it has been suggested that other mutations may also have some effect, though minor. Although reverting mutations in attenuating determinants, suppressor mutations, mutations in antigenic sites and genomic recombination have been observed in strains isolated from VAPP cases, the observation of similar genomic modifications in strains isolated from healthy contacts and from healthy vaccinees has supported the view that host factors are also involved in the establishment of the disease. Reverting mutations at nucleotides (nt) 480 (G-->A), 481 (A-->G) and 472 (U-->C) for the P1/Sabin, P2/Sabin and P3/Sabin strains, respectively, have been detected in almost all strains isolated from VAPP cases and also from healthy vaccinees. Although the Sabin vaccine strains have been implicated in rare VAPP cases, recent studies have suggested that the vaccine strains could also trigger the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), transverse myelitis (TM) and facial paralysis.
Prevalence, Sites of Colonization, and Antimicrobial Resistance Among Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius Isolated from Healthy Dogs in Saskatoon, Canada

In dogs, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a common colonizer and is associated with pyoderma, otitis externa, and urinary tract infections. In the current study, nasal, pharyngeal, and rectal swabs were taken from 175 healthy dogs and cultured for S. pseudintermedius. The organism was found in 153 dogs (87.4%), including individuals in which it exclusively colonized in the nares (n = 1), pharynx (n = 16), and rectum (n = 17). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that a remarkably susceptible population, 46.4% of isolates, was susceptible to all drugs tested, and resistance to penicillin (39.9%) and tetracycline (23.5%) were most common. No methicillin (oxacillin)-resistant isolates were identified. Although 3.3% of isolates were erythromycin resistant, no inducible clindamycin resistance was found. The data provide a baseline for future resistance surveillance and indicate that multiple body sites, including at least the pharynx and rectum, should be tested.
as exchange and stand-level estimates of water use and gross rimary productivity in an experimental pine and switchgrass ntercrop forestry system on the Lower Coastal Plain of North arolina

Despite growing interest in using switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a biofuel, there are limited data on the physiology of this species and its effect on stand water use and carbon (C) assimilation when grown as a forest intercrop for bioenergy. Therefore, we quantified gas exchange rates of switchgrass within intercropped plots and in pure switchgrass plots during its second growing season in an intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation in North Carolina. Switchgrass physiology was characterized over the growing season from June to October 2010 in terms of photosynthesis ( mol m−2 s−1), stomatal conductance (mmol m−2 s−1), and assimilation responses to photosynthetic photon flux density and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (CO2). We then used a processbased model of the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum to scale leaf-level gas exchange data to provide estimates of pine and switchgrass stand-level water use (mm) and carbon exchange (g C m−2) over a three-year period. Peak switchgrass photosynthesis (32.7 ± 0.9 mol m−2 s−1) and stomatal conductance (252 ± 12 mmol m−2 s−1) rates were measured in July, with minimum values (18.7 ± 1.4 mol m−2 s−1 and 104 ± 6 mmol m−2 s−1, respectively) recorded at the end of the growing season (October). Switchgrass gas exchange and parameter estimates from the lightand CO2 response curves did not vary between treatments. However, gas exchange values differed significantly between measurement dates. Model predictions of stand-level transpiration ranged from 287 to 431 mm year−1 for pine and from 245 to 296 mm year−1 for switchgrass. Annual C exchange for loblolly pine ranged from 1165 to 1903 g m−2 −2 compared to 1386 to 1594 g m for switchgrass. At this stage of stand development, no effect of intercropping was evident and there was no effect of distance from the nearest pine row on any switchgrass gas exchange variable measured. However, we anticipate that as this intercropped system develops over time, competition for resources such as light, water or nitrogen may change, with the potential to impact switchgrass physiology and biomass production.
CRISPR-mediated isolation of specific megabase segments of genomic DNA

Abstract Megabase-sized, complex, repetitive regions of genomes are poorly studied, due to the technical and computational challenges inherent to both assembling precise reference sequences and accurately assessing structural variation across contiguous megabase DNA regions. Here we describe a strategy to overcome these challenges, CISMR (CRISPR-mediated isolation of specific megabase-sized regions of the genome), which enables us to perform targeted isolation of contiguous megabase-sized segments of the genome. Direct sequencing of the purified DNA segments can have >100-fold enrichment of the target region, thus enabling the exploration of both DNA sequence and structural diversity of complex genomic regions in any species.
The Effect of Instructional Leadership, Knowledge of Educational Management, Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction to Organizational Commitment of Head of Junior High School (SMP) in Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia

This study aims to identify and assess: (1) instructional leadership influence on work motivation, (2) the effect of knowledge of educational management on work motivation, (3) instructional leadership influence on job satisfaction, (4) knowledge of educational management influence on job satisfaction, (5) instructional leadership influence on organizational commitment, (6) knowledge of educational management influence on organizational commitment, (7) the influence of work motivation on organizational commitment, and ( 8 ) the impact of job satisfaction on organizational commitment. And also to determine the theoretical model to describe the relationship that can causalistic between latent variables that determine the principal organizational commitment. The research was conducted at the Junior High School (SMP) in Medan, involving 186 head of SMP as respondents. Data organizational commitment, instructional leadership, work motivation, and job satisfaction captured using a multiple-choice questionnaire Likert scale models, while the data captured with the knowledge of educational management using multiple-choice tests. Instruments tested prior research, which is to test the validity by the Product Moment correlation and to test the reliability by Cronbach Alpha formula, but special instruments of knowledge of educational management by using the KR-20 formula. Techniques of data analysis is done in two phases, which are descriptive and inferential. The purpose of descriptive analysis is to describe the characteristics of the data such as mean, median, mode and variance. Inferential analysis is used to test the hypotheses and research requirements. Test Requirements analysis includes: test data normality and linearity test regression. Normality test data for each variable using the Kolmogorov Smirn of Test. Linearity between variables regression test performed using a statistical F test. To test the hypothesis used path analysis and to test the suitability of the theoretical models used the goodness of fit by using Chi Square.