Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Copycats vs. Original Mobile Apps: A Machine Learning Copycat-Detection Method and Empirical Analysis

While the growth of the mobile apps market has created significant market opportunities and economic incentives for mobile app developers to innovate, it has also inevitably invited other developers to create rip-offs. Practitioners and developers of original apps claim that copycats steal the original app's idea and potential demand, and have called for app platforms to take action against such copycats. Surprisingly, however, there has been little rigorous research analyzing whether and how copycats affect an original app's demand. The primary deterrent to such research is the lack of an objective way to identify whether an app is a copycat or an original. Using a combination of machine learning techniques such as natural language processing, latent semantic analysis, network-based clustering, and image analysis, we propose a method to identify apps as original or copycat and detect two types of copycats: deceptive and nondeceptive. Based on the detection results, we conduct an econometric analysis to determine the impact of copycat apps on the demand for the original apps on a sample of 10,100 action game apps by 5,141 developers that were released in the iOS App Store over five years. Our results indicate that the effect of a specific copycat on an original app's demand is determined by the quality and level of deceptiveness of the copycat. High-quality nondeceptive copycats negatively affect demand for the originals. By contrast, low-quality, deceptive copycats positively affect demand for the originals. Results indicate that in aggregate the impact of copycats on the demand of original mobile apps is statistically insignificant. Our study contributes to the growing literature on mobile app consumption by presenting a method to identify copycats and providing evidence of the impact of copycats on an original app's demand. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017. 0735 .
Loss of E-cadherin Enhances IGF1–IGF1R Pathway Activation and Sensitizes Breast Cancers to Anti-IGF1R/InsR Inhibitors

Purpose: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling regulates breast cancer initiation and progression and associated cancer phenotypes. We previously identified E-cadherin (CDH1) as a repressor of IGF1 signaling and in this study examined how loss of E-cadherin affects IGF1R signaling and response to anti-IGF1R/insulin receptor (InsR) therapies in breast cancer. Experimental Design: Breast cancer cell lines were used to assess how altered E-cadherin levels regulate IGF1R signaling and response to two anti-IGF1R/InsR therapies. In situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) was used to define interaction between IGF1R and E-cadherin. TCGA RNA-seq and RPPA data were used to compare IGF1R/InsR activation in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tumors. ER+ ILC cell lines and xenograft tumor explant cultures were used to evaluate efficacy to IGF1R pathway inhibition in combination with endocrine therapy. Results: Diminished functional E-cadherin increased both activation of IGF1R signaling and efficacy to anti-IGF1R/InsR therapies. PLA demonstrated a direct endogenous interaction between IGF1R and E-cadherin at points of cell–cell contact. Increased expression of IGF1 ligand and levels of IGF1R/InsR phosphorylation were observed in E-cadherin–deficient ER+ ILC compared with IDC tumors. IGF1R pathway inhibitors were effective in inhibiting growth in ER+ ILC cell lines and synergized with endocrine therapy and similarly IGF1R/InsR inhibition reduced proliferation in ILC tumor explant culture. Conclusions: We provide evidence that loss of E-cadherin hyperactivates the IGF1R pathway and increases sensitivity to IGF1R/InsR targeted therapy, thus identifying the IGF1R pathway as a potential novel target in E-cadherin–deficient breast cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5165–77. ©2018 AACR.
Lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in six dogs

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a clinicopathological entity characterized by histiocytic proliferation, with marked hemophagocytosis in the reticuloendothelial organs. HPS caused by lymphoma is termed lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (LAHS), and there are few reports on canine and feline LAHS. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical, diagnostic, and clinicopathologic features of LAHS in six dogs. The diagnostic criteria of LAHS consisted of lymphoma, bicytopenia or pancytopenia in the blood, and increased hemophagocytosis in the reticuloendothelial organs. In one dog, an ocular form of lymphoma was recognized. A splenic form was recognized in two dogs, and a hepatosplenic form was recognized in three dogs. Immunophenotyping revealed T-cell origin in five dogs and B-cell origin in one dog by polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement analysis. Nonspecific esterase stain was performed to differentiate between neoplastic lymphocytes and hemophagocytes. All five dogs with T-cell lymphoma were diagnosed with large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoma. In three cases, palliative therapy with glucocorticoids was conducted, while the other three cases received chemotherapy as well. The survival times for the three dogs with glucocorticoids only were 6, 6, and 10 days and were 30, 54, and 68 days for the three treated with anticancer therapy. The median survival time for the dogs was 20 days. This report indicates that canine LAHS is likely to be caused by LGL lymphoma, and it has an aggressive behavior and poor general prognosis, as seen in humans.
Forecasting Tropical Cyclone Eye Formation and Dissipation in Infrared Imagery

AbstractThe development of an infrared (IR; specifically near 11 μm) eye probability forecast scheme for tropical cyclones is described. The scheme was developed from an eye detection algorithm that used a linear discriminant analysis technique to determine the probability of an eye existing in any given IR image given information about the storm center, motion, and latitude. Logistic regression is used for the model development and predictors were selected from routine information about the current storm (e.g., current intensity), forecast environmental factors (e.g., wind shear, oceanic heat content), and patterns/information (e.g., convective organization, tropical cyclone size) extracted from the current IR image. Forecasts were created for 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, and 36-h forecast leads. Forecasts were developed using eye existence probabilities from North Atlantic tropical cyclone cases (1996–2014) and a combined North Atlantic and North Pacific (i.e., Northern Hemisphere) sample. The performance of Nort.
Potassium channels contribute to activity‐dependent regulation of dendritic inhibition

GABAergic inhibition plays a critical role in the regulation of neuronal activity. In the neocortex, inhibitory interneurons that target the dendrites of pyramidal cells influence both electrical and biochemical postsynaptic signaling. Voltage‐gated ion channels strongly shape dendritic excitability and the integration of excitatory inputs, but their contribution to GABAergic signaling is less well understood. By combining 2‐photon calcium imaging and focal GABA uncaging, we show that voltage‐gated potassium channels normally suppress the GABAergic inhibition of calcium signals evoked by back‐propagating action potentials in dendritic spines and shafts of cortical pyramidal neurons. Moreover, the voltage‐dependent inactivation of these channels leads to enhancement of dendritic calcium inhibition following somatic spiking. Computational modeling reveals that the enhancement of calcium inhibition involves an increase in action potential depolarization coupled with the nonlinear relationship between membrane voltage and calcium channel activation. Overall, our findings highlight the interaction between intrinsic and synaptic properties and reveal a novel mechanism for the activity‐dependent regulation of GABAergic inhibition.
A probabilistic anytime algorithm for the halting problem

The Halting Problem, the most (in)famous undecidable problem, has important applications in theoretical and applied computer science and beyond, hence the interest in its approximate solutions. Experimental results reported on various models of computation suggest that halting programs are not uniformly distributed – running times play an important role. A reason is that a program which eventually stops but does not halt “quickly”, stops at a time which is algorithmically compressible. In this paper we work with running times to define a class of computable probability distributions on the set of halting programs in order to construct an anytime algorithm for the Halting problem with a probabilistic evaluation of the error of the decision.
How LinkedIn Economic Graph Bonds Information and Product: Applications in LinkedIn Salary

The LinkedIn Salary product was launched in late 2016 with the goal of providing insights on compensation distribution to job seekers, so that they can make more informed decisions when discovering and assessing career opportunities. The compensation insights are provided based on data collected from LinkedIn members and aggregated in a privacy-preserving manner. Given the simultaneous desire for computing robust, reliable insights and for having insights to satisfy as many job seekers as possible, a key challenge is to reliably infer the insights at the company level when there is limited or no data at all. We propose a two-step framework that utilizes a novel, semantic representation of companies (Company2vec) and a Bayesian statistical model to address this problem. Our approach makes use of the rich information present in the LinkedIn Economic Graph, and in particular, uses the intuition that two companies are likely to be similar if employees are very likely to transition from one company to the other and vice versa. We compute embeddings for companies by analyzing the LinkedIn members' company transition data using machine learning algorithms, then compute pairwise similarities between companies based on these embeddings, and finally incorporate company similarities in the form of peer company groups as part of the proposed Bayesian statistical model to predict insights at the company level. We perform extensive validation using several different evaluation techniques, and show that we can significantly increase the coverage of insights while, in fact, even slightly improving the quality of the obtained insights. For example, we were able to compute salary insights for 35 times as many title-region-company combinations in the U.S. as compared to previous work, corresponding to 4.9 times as many monthly active users. Finally, we highlight the lessons learned from practical deployment of our system.
Randomised study of HPV prevalence and detection of CIN2+ in vaginal self‐sampling compared to cervical specimens collected by medical personnel

We conducted a randomised study to compare vaginal self‐sampling with assisted sampling by medical personnel on the cervix for HPV testing in primary screening. The first aim was to determine if the HPV prevalence is independent of sampling location (vagina versus cervix) and the person performing the sampling. The second aim was to evaluate if the two sampling strategies differed in the detection rate of CIN2+. In total, 19,523 women were randomised into two groups, with 9926 invited to perform self‐sampling (SS arm) using the Rover VIBA‐brush and 9597 offered assisted sampling using the cytobrush (AS arm). All samples were applied to the indicating FTA elute card and analysed for high‐risk HPV using the hpVIR real‐time PCR assay. The outcome for the first aim was HPV prevalence and for the second aim the number of CIN2+ based on histology. In the SS arm, 52.7% of invited women participated in the study, as compared to 34.2% in the AS arm. All samples contained sufficient amount of nuclear DNA for a valid HPV result, with vaginal samples having a higher DNA amount than cervical samples (p < 4.62 × 10−11). HPV prevalence was 4.6% in the SS arm and 4.1% in the AS arm (p = 5.5 × 10−2), and the distribution of HPV types similar between arms. There was no difference in the prevalence of CIN2+ per 1000 women screened between arms (p = 0.86). The results show that vaginal self‐sampling is an equivalent alternative to sampling by medical personnel for HPV typing and identification of CIN2+.
Wireless Information Surveillance and Intervention Over Multiple Suspicious Links

This letter investigates the proactive eavesdropping for multiple suspicious links either through interfering or assisting the links. Considering the power constraint at eavesdropper, our objective is to maximize weighted sum eavesdropping rate of multiple suspicious links via jointly optimizing their intervention strategies (jamming or relaying) and the corresponding transmit power at eavesdropper. The formulated problem is shown to be a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, which is NP-hard in general. By identifying the separable structure of the formulated problem, we decouple the complex MINLP problem into two subproblems: 1) a jamming subproblem; and 2) a relaying subproblem. These two subproblems are then solved by further recasting them into a combinational problem and a typical concave optimization problem, respectively. Numerical simulations show that our proposed approach can achieve higher eavesdropping rate than conventional eavesdropping approaches.
PET imaging for assessing tumor response to therapy

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a radioisotope imaging technique capable of quantifying the regional distribution of molecular imaging probes targeted to biochemical pathways and processes allowing direct measurement of biochemical changes induced by cancer therapy, including the activity of targeted growth pathways and cellular populations. In this manuscript, we review the underlying principles of PET imaging, choices for PET radiopharmaceuticals, methods for tumor analysis and PET applications for cancer therapy response assessment including potential future directions.
CodY Interact to Regulate Staphylococcus aureus Capsule in a 1 Nutrient-Dependent Manner 2 3

MsaB and CodY Interact to Regulate Staphylococcus aureus Capsule in a 1 Nutrient-Dependent Manner 2 3 Justin L. Batte, Gyan S. Sahukhal, and Mohamed O. Elasri 4 5 6 Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, 7 Mississippi, USA 8 9 10 Running title: MsaB and CodY regulation of capsule in S. aureus 11 12 13 14 15 16 Email of the corresponding author: mohamed.elasri@usm.edu 17 18 19 JB Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 25 June 2018 J. Bacteriol. doi:10.1128/JB.00294-18 Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Exploiting and Defending Open Digital Platforms with Boundary Resources: Android's Five Platform Forks

Digital platforms can be opened in two ways to promote innovation and value generation. A platform owner can open access for third-party participants by establishing boundary resources, such as APIs and an app store, to allow complements to be developed and shared for the platform. Furthermore, to foster cooperation with the complementors, the platform owner can use an open-source license boundary resource to open and share the platform’s core resources. However, openness that is too wide renders the platform and its shared resources vulnerable to strategic exploitation. To our knowledge, platform strategies that promote such negative outcomes have remained unexplored in past research. We identify and analyze a prominent form of strategic exploitation called platform forking in which a hostile firm, i.e., a forker, bypasses the host’s controlling boundary resources and exploits the platform’s shared resources, core and complements, to create a competing platform business. We investigate platform forking o.
Towards Quantifying Behaviour in Social Crowdsourcing Communities

We analyze crowdsourcing communities by creating a detailed process for quantifying individual behaviour in online environments. The key feature of our communities is their social interactions so we call these social crowdsourcing communities (SCC). First, we derive factors based on actions captured about textual contributions. We interpret and name these factors. Then we demonstrate their utility in predicting the quality of team contributions. We capture the actions of members using measurable variables and perform factor analysis on these to produce factors of behaviour in SCCs (i.e. dimensions of behaviour). We derive factor scores for each member. An abstract notion of teams is used that is based on the social interactions. Team scores are then determined by the aggregation of the individual factor scores. The relationship between the team-level factor scores and the quality of contributions made by each team are then used as a proxy for team effectiveness. We found that member behaviour has three dimensions/factors: Impact, Activity, Policing/Rowdiness and there is a linear relationship between a team's contribution quality and their Impact scores. We also found a moderate negative linear relationship between the smallest Activity scores in each team with the quality of their individual contributions. This shows that teams that produce higher quality contributions tend to have higher total and maximum Impact score with lower levels of Activity. Thus, we demonstrate that properly aggregated behavioural factors can predict the quality of team-level contributions.
Comparison of the efficacy of Lea Symbol chart and Sheridan Gardiner chart for preschool vision screening

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of Lea symbols (LS) chart and Sheridan Gardiner (SG) chart for vision screening among preschool children, in a semi-urban district of South India. Methods: Vision screening was conducted among 260 preschool children aged 3–5 years in cluster sampled kindergartens using LS chart and SG chart. Pass/fail scores and time taken for visual acuity (VA) estimation were compared. VA scores and time taken were compared using unpaired t-test. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were compared between the charts. Results: There was a significant difference between LS and SG charts in the VA score in both the eyes (P = 0.04). LS showed 76.09% pass score and 23.90% fail score, whereas SG showed 87.65% pass score and 12.35% fail score with a cutoff value of > 0.3 log MAR. Time for screening using LS was higher, when compared to SG, both for the right eyes (P < 0.001) and the left eyes (P < 0.001). The sensitivity of the LS was 94.74% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70.13%–81.06%) and that of SG was 52.63% (95% CI: 45.29%–59.8%). The specificity of LS was 66.67% (95% CI: 90.26%–97.30%) and SG was 83.33% (95% CI: 70.12%–91.30%). Conclusion: LS chart showed better sensitivity and negative predictive value when compared to SG chart. However, SG chart showed better specificity and positive predictive value, and screening was less time-consuming. Considering the high sensitivity and negative predictive value, LS is the preferred tool, when compared to SG chart in preschool vision screening in our population.
Integrated approach using RS and GIS techniques for mapping of ground water prospects in Lower Sanjai Watershed, Jharkhand

Remote sensing with its advantages of spatial, spectral and temporal availability of data covering large and inaccessible areas within short time has become a very handy tool in assessing, monitoring and conserving groundwater resources. Satellite data provides quick and useful baseline information on the parameters like geology, geomorphology, land use/land cover, lineaments etc. controlling the occurrence and movement of groundwater (Saraf and Choudhuray, 1998). Remote sensing and GIS technology have opened new paths in groundwater studies. The concept of integrated remote sensing and GIS has proved to be an efficient tool in integrating urban planning and ground water studies. Hydrogeomorphological studies coupled with hydrogeological and structural/lineament have proved to be very effective tool to discern ground water potential zones. In the present study, an attempt has been made to identify the Ground Water Prospect sites in the Lower Sanjai Watershed of Kolhan Division of Jharkhand based on remote sensing and GIS techniques. The groundwater prospect map is a systematic effort and has been prepared considering major controlling factors, which influence the water yield and quality of ground water. The map depicts hydrogeomorphological aspects, which are essential as basis for planning and execution of groundwater exploration. The present information, depicted in the form of a prospect map would provide first­hand information to local authorities and planners about the areas suitable for searching ground water followed by its suitable exploration based on information given for type of well, well depth, water quality and success rate of wells.
The Mitotic Protein Kinase Haspin and Its Inhibitors

Haspin is an atypical serine/threonine protein kinase essential to mitosis. Unlike other protein kinases, its kinase domain does not require phosphorylation in order to be activated and bears very high substrate specificity and selectivity. Few substrates have been identified so far. Haspin phosphorylation on threonine 3 of Histone H3 from prophase to anaphase participates to centromeric Aurora B localization and ensures proper kinetochore-microtubule attachment. Haspin is also involved in the maintenance of centromeric cohesion and the mitotic spindle. Inhibitors have been developed and provided tools to dissect Haspin function. The kinase is now considered as a potential therapeutic target against cancer. We discuss here the latest findings on this essential mitotic protein.
TURKISH SHIPOWNERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THIRD PARTY SHIP MANAGEMENT COMPANIES: A MARKET RESEARCH STUDY

Bu calismanin amaci, Turk armatorlerinin ucuncu taraf gemi yonetim isletmelerini ne sekilde algiladiklarini ortaya koymak ve Turk armatorlerinin bu isletmelerin sunmus olduklari hizmetlere olan taleplerini analiz etmektir. Calismada yontem olarak, literatur taramasi ve bicimsel telefonla mulakat yontemi kullanilmistir. Mulakat sonuclarinin degerlendirilmesinde istatistiksel bir yontem olan frekans analizi kullanilmistir. Calismanin ana kutlesi 1000 gros ton ve uzeri her tipte gemiye sahip armatorlerlerden olusmaktadir. Calisma sonrasinda orneklemdeki armatorlerden % 80’inin gemilerini ucuncu taraf gemi yonetimi isletmelerinin yonetimine vermeye istekli olmadiklari ortaya cikmistir. Her ne kadar kucuk bir grup armator, gemi yonetim isletmelerinden hizmet alsalar da bu hizmetler surekli ve tam gemi yonetim hizmetlerini icermemektedir. Bu sonuctaki en buyuk etken Turk armatorlerinin geleneksel olarak gemilerini kendilerinin yonetmesi ve gemileri uzerinde tam bir kontrol kurma istegi olarak ortaya cikmaktadir. Gercekte, calismaya katilan Turk armatorlerinin ucuncu taraf gemi yonetim isletmelerine guvenmedikleri gorulmektedir. Gemilerini gemi yonetim isletmelerinin kontrolune veren armatorler dahi gemileri uzerinde tam bir kontrol kurma istegindedirler