Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DISCLOSING SOLUTIONS USED IN DENTISTRY

Dental caries and periodontal diseases are plaque mediated diseases. Poor oral hygiene and inappropriate dietary behaviour can lead to increased plaque accumulation. Dental plaque is a biofilm that is formed over the teeth and prosthetic appliances placed in the oral cavity. As dental plaque is not easily visible to the naked eye, its removal is difficult and complex. In order to remove dental plaque and improve the oral hygiene, the use of disclosing agents has been recommended. Disclosing agents are preparations containing dye or other colouring agents which is used for the identification of bacterial plaque that can be distinctly seen providing a valuable visual aid and help in the maintenance of good oral health.
Optimal performance fees and flow of funds in asset management contracts

This paper investigates the importance of ow of funds as an implicit incentive in the asset management industry. We build a two-period binomial moral hazard model to explain the trade-o¤s between ow, performance and fees where e¤ort depends on the combination of implicit (ow of funds) and explicit (performance fee) incentives. Two cases are considered. With full commitment, the investors relevant trade-o¤ is to give up expected return in the second period vis-à-vis to induce e¤ort in the rst period. The more concerned the investor is with todays payo¤, the more willing he will be to give up expected return in the second period by penalizing negative excess return in the rst period. Without full commitment, the investor learns some symmetric and imperfect information about the ability of the manager to obtain positive excess return. In this case, observed returns reveal ability as well as e¤ort choices. We show that powerful implicit incentives may explain the ow-performance relationship with a numerical solution. Besides, risk aversion explains the complementarity between performance fee and ow of funds. This paper is part of my dissertation to obtain the title of Master in Economics at EPGEFGV/RJ. I would like to thank Angelo Polydoro and Enrico Vasconcelos for computational assistance; Gustavo C. Branco and Guilherme Bragança from Mellon Brascan for the data. Special thanks to Amaury Fonseca Jr., Carlos Eugênio da Costa, Delano Franco, Fabiana D ́Atri, Fernando H. Barbosa, Genaro Lins, Jaime Jesus Filho, Jair Koiller, Luis H.B. Braido, Marcelo Fernandes, and Cristina Terra for guidance and fruitful discussions during the development of this project. I am also thankful and indebted with many other people who have contributed to the development of this project
ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER (C and N) IN A SUB-TROPICAL FLUVIAL-LACUSTRINE SYSTEM (CIMA LAKE - BRAZIL)

Dissolved and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, POC; DON, PON, respectively), were analyzed over an equivalent one-year period in the fluvial-Cima Lake system (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). In the system, the dynamic of the organic matter was evaluated on the light of factorial analysis. Overall, DOC and DON concentrations ranged from 158 to 803 µM and from 3.3 to 109 µM respectively. POC and PON concentrations also presented great homogeneities in the system, ranging, respectively, from 3.44 to 30.3% and from 0.32 to 4.65%. The highest values of POC, PON, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) as well as the lowest particulate (C:N) a ratios (Avg. = 8.2) were found in the lacustrine system. The latter findings suggested that the proportion of labile particulate organic matter was, comparatively to the other sites, more pronounced in the lake. This likely reflects an important non-vascular autochthonous source of organic matter (e.g., phytoplankton) in Cima Lake. On the other side, in the streams organic
Comparing Marketing Practices and Financial Performances in Jorda

Due to the difference in the credit policy of the Islamic banks and conventional banks in Jordan, the financial & corporate performance along with the default risk are being affected of the banks. The banking industry of Jordan was challenged by a turbulent market environment during the years 1984-1988. These influences reduced the profitability of banks and hindered and delayed the accomplishment of their goals. This study aims to provide the bankers with a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the importance related to various characteristics of marketing strategy; such as market information, market segmentation, target marketing, and market positioning. For this study, data was collected through six research questions from three managerial groups, namely, the middle management, the top management and the branch management of 17 banks. These participants represented 85% of the banking industry of Jordan. The demographic data of the 49 participants was collected from all the levels of managerial positions. The demographic data included the age, position, gender, experience, and education level of the respondents. It was evaluated that there were no significant differences between three managerial groups regarding their perception of the attributes of market information, market segmentation, target marketing, and market positioning. Additionally, it was discovered that the more the managers were equipped with knowledge regarding their customers, competitors, and other personnel in the banking industry; the more positive were the changes in all financial performance indicators. Although, this research revelation would help managers and the banking industry to increase their profitability; it is recommended that other studies need to be conducted taking customers, personnel and competitors into consideration.
The effects of kyokushin karate training on the anthropometry and body composition of advanced female and male practitioners

The physical requirements put before contemporary athletes are rigorous and strictly defined and only an elite few possess the physical capacity and preparation to succeed. These requirements are mostly related to the construction of the physical body, the athletes motor, tactical and psychological skills; all of which determine the level of sports achievement obtained or the desired sport result [1,2]. Significant impact on the athlete’s potential capacity has his physique, whereas the body composition (for example fat free mass FFM, adipose tissue – fat mass FM, total amount of body water TBW) determines the level of achievements in many sports. Training regimes used in sport, including martial arts like kyokushin karate, affect the parameters of individuals’ cardio-respiratory and musculoskeletal system, body weight and especially body composition. Body composition assessments are widely used in sports and recreation centers as well as in fitness facilities, gyms, clinics, hospitals, medical and dietary research centers and help to determine the level of body fat and lean tissue in the body. There are many methods of determining body composition, including: bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasounds and isotopic methods [3,4,5]. The usefulness of these methods in sport diagnosis is unquestionable, however, for economic reasons using them on daily basis is severely limited. Due to this limitation, methods of body composition examination such as bioelectrical impedance (BIA), which is fast, noninvasive, reproducible and reliable while requiring little financial commitment, have become very popular [4]. Analysis of the body composition allows to control changes in body weight while preparing for competitions and also defines the content of fat, lean tissue and water in the body thus allowing to control changes in the training process. It gives the opportunity to monitor the resting metabolism, which in turn helps to specify daily energy expenditure. It was hypothesized that kyokushin karate training and additional physical activity practiced by advanced athletes will result in alternation of their body composition.
Egg-size and-number variations related to maternal size and age , and the relationship between egg size and larval characteristics in an annual marine gastropod , Haloa japonica ( Opisthobranchia ; Cephalaspidea )

Contrary to the traditional egg size-number trade-off model, egg size of the small opisthobranch Haloa japonica varies significantly within a population. To examine the cause of this variation, 1 estimated ( l ) the effects of maternal size and age (i.e. the number of days after the onset of breeding the egg was spawned) on egg size and number, and (2) the relationship between egg size and several larval charactenstics, Including larval size, length of survival under conditions of starvation, and time to hatching. Egg size and number decreased in the course of the breeding season under laboratory conditions and egg size increased with maternal size. Length of surv~val under conditions of starvation was positively correlated with egg volume. This reproductive pattern is similar to that of other taxonomic groups, such as annual plants, insects and a marlne polychaete. The decrease of reproductive investment is best explained as a maternal investment strategy related to maternal mortality, as proposed by Begon & Parker (1986; Oikos 47:293-302). My data support the prediction of their theory.
Analysis of the causes of the low number of IPOs at Prague stock exchange compared to Polish stock exchange

One of many possibilities how to gain new resources for the economic development of the company is initial public offering (IPO). The initial public offerings help to strengthen the importance of the capital market and consequently also the economic development of a particular country. One of the most dynamic markets as regards the number of IPOs is considered to be the Polish capital market. The aim of the article is to determine general factors influencing the decision of the issuer to place its issue at a particular market, and then these factors will be applied to the Prague Stock Exchange and Warsaw Stock Exchange and we will analyse the reasons of the difference in the number of the IPOs performed.
Psychosocial problems of schoolchildren and the psychological counseling approaches implicated by counselors for treating it

The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate the behavioral problems of schoolchildren in basic education stage and the psychological counseling approaches implicated by their counselor for treating it. In addition, assessing the differences in these approaches according to the variables of gender and educational qualification/degree. The sample consisted of (240) counselors (125 male, 115 female) enrolled from five educational administrations. The procedure has been used concluded Scale constructed for assessing the behavioral problems students and psychological counseling approaches used by counselors. The instrument's characteristics scored high level of validity and reliability. The findings showed that the most common behavioral problems were disobedience of teachers underachievement, aggression. In addition, the most counseling approaches used by counselors were individual and group counseling, Leisure time counseling, rational-emotive therapy, plying counseling, reality therapy, and client-centered therapy. According to the differences in counseling approaches relating to gender and academic qualification or degree of counselors, there were no significant differences except for the approaches of cognitive, behavioral and group counseling techniques and approaches.
A Survey of Machine Learning Techniques for Behavioral-Based Biometric User Authentication

Authentication is a way to enable an individual to be uniquely identified usually based on passwords and personal identification number (PIN). The main problems of such authen - tication techniques are the unwillingness of the users to remember long and challenging combinations of numbers, letters, and symbols that can be lost, forged, stolen, or forgotten. In this paper, we investigate the current advances in the use of behavioral-based biomet - rics for user authentication. The application of behavioral-based biometric authentication basically contains three major modules, namely, data capture, feature extraction, and clas - sifier. This application is focusing on extracting the behavioral features related to the user and using these features for authentication measure. The objective is to determine the classifier techniques that mostly are used for data analysis during authentication process. From the comparison, we anticipate to discover the gap for improving the performance of behavioral-based biometric authentication. Additionally, we highlight the set of classifier techniques that are best performing for behavioral-based biometric authentication.
Factors Influencing the Yemeni Customers’ Intention to Adopt Takaful Products

The purpose of this study is to examine the Yemeni customers’ intention to adopt Takaful products, and to explore the potential factors that influence their decision. This study applies SEM and one sample t -test to analyse the collected data. The results indicate that among the factors included in this study, only compatibility positively and significantly affects the adoption intention. This is the first study that addresses the adoption of Takaful products in Yemen and the factors that influence it. Furthermore, this study extends the Innovations Diffusion Theory (IDT) by applying it to a different setting.
Colour distributions in E-S0 galaxies. - V. Colour data for strongly inclined lenticulars

Colours distributions have been studied in 12 S0 galaxies, most of these nearly edge-on, from high resolution frames obtained at the CFHT and the Pic du Midi 2 m telescope, supplemented for some purposes by low resolution frames from the Observatoire de Haute Provence 120 cm telescope. Great attention has been given to reduce the effects of “differential seeing", resulting from different PSF's in the two frames needed for a colour measurement. Errors from various sources, and their effect upon measured quantities, have been evaluated from the study of pseudo-colours (obtained by applying our measuring techniques to pair of frames taken in the same passband), and from the comparison of colours data from our various series. Data are given about the following topics: – Radial isophotal colour profiles, leading to reference colours at r e and gradients in 4 colour indices (except for missing data); – Reference colours and gradients in possibly dustless regions of nearly pure bulge or disk, allowing a comparison between the two components; – Dust patterns, seen in 7 objects; – Systematic differences between major and minor axis colours upon isophotal contours (outside dust patterns). Both a redder or bluer major axis are encountered depending upon the object, or the central distance in a given object. The observations may sometimes be explained by local dust concentration in disks. In other cases population differences between spheroidal and disk components should be invoked; – Asymmetries in light and colour distributions along the minor axis in 3 objects, due to dust concentrated in the disk; – Correlations between ring structure and major axis colour profiles.
STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL COMMUNICATION ABILITY AND SELF-EFFICACY USING TEAM QUIZ LEARNING MODEL

This research aims to examine the improvement of mathematical communication skills of the students who learn using the team quiz learning model. This is an experimental research with pretest-posttest-control group design. The population of this study is all of the seventh-grade students in one of the junior high schools in Banda Aceh. We use a simple random sampling technique to obtain two classes as the research samples. The data were collected using tests of mathematical communication skills and self-efficacy questionnaires. The statistical tests used in this study were the paired t-test and two-way ANOVA. The results show that: (1) The improvement of the students’ mathematical communication ability in the team quiz class is higher than the conventional class; (2) The improvement of the students’ self-efficacy in team quiz class is higher than the conventional class; (3) There is no interaction between the learning model and the student level towards the students' mathematical communication ability; and (4) There is no interaction between the learning model and the student level towards the students’ self-efficacy.
Effect of floating macrophyte cover on the water quality in fishpond

A study was conducted during 23 days in order to evaluate the impact of floating aquatic macrophyte on the water quality of a fishpond. Water samples were collected in four points, three inside the pond and one in water inlet. Drastic reduction of dissolved oxygen was observed in the pond, down to 0.87 mg/L. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed for total CO2, nitrite and ammonia with respect to inlet water (P1) and inside the pond (P2, P3 e P4). Chlorophyll a displayed an inverse relationship with phosphorus. Among nitrogen compounds, ammonia presented the highest concentrations except in water inlet where nitrate was higher, 513.33 µg/l, as well as the highest conductivity values. The pH was slightly acid. The results obtained showed that the macrophyte cover promoted an adverse effect in the medium. Under control, aquatic plants might impact positively due to its capacity to reduce total phosphorus and nitrate in the water column as observed in this study.
Expenditure-Growth Nexus: Does the Source of Finance Matter? Empirical Evidence from Selected South Asian Countries

The study employs the Fixed Effect Model on a panel of four South Asian countries viz., Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, for the period 1975–2008 to investigate if the source of finance matters in determining the impact of public expenditure on growth. The analysis shows that the source of finance does matter. Seigniorage-financed public expenditure has a larger negative effect on growth, followed by debt-financed and tax-financed public expenditure. Therefore, financing of public expenditure through taxes is the least costly option available with the governments in low-income countries. In general, fiscal discipline through cuts in public spending is required to boost economic growth
SIMULATIONS OF THEORETICAL ECOSYSTEM GROWTH MODEL (TEGM) DURING VARIOUS CLIMATE CONDITIONS

Climate change has a great impact on the build and the work of natural ecosystems. Disappearance of some population or growth of the number in some species can be already caused by little change in temperature. A Theoretical Ecosystem Growth Model was investigated in order to examine the effects of various climate patterns on the ecological equilibrium. The answers of the ecosystems which are given to the climate change could be described by means of global climate modelling and dynamic vegetation models. The examination of the operation of the ecosystems is only possible in huge centres on supercomputers because of the number and the complexity of the calculation. The number of the calculation could be decreased to the level of a PC by considering the temperature and the reproduction during the modelling of a theoretical ecosystem and several important theoretical questions could be answered.
On the biogeochemical signature of the Lena River from its headwaters to the Arctic Ocean

General comments: This effort addressing carbon sources and variability from high in the Lena watershed through to the Lena delta and beyond is commendable in its scope. Also, simultaneous consideration of inorganic and organic carbon is helpful for constraining the potential role of river inputs versus other sources contributing to the carbon budget of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf region. However, this paper could be significantly improved by addressing two major issues.
Influence of gene polymorphism on the pharamacokinetics of calcineurin inhibitors: In renal transplant patients from India

The calcineurin inhibitors(CIs), cyclosporine(CsA) and tacrolimus(Tac), are immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent rejection in patients with organ transplant. Both drugs have a narrow therapeutic range and show highly variable pharmacokinetics. This study will determine the role of gene polymorphisms involved in drug absorption and metabolism, ie ABCB1C3435T and CYP3A5A6986G, with respect to inter-individual variability in CsA/Tac levels, in a cohort of renal transplant recipients. Genotypes were assessed by PCR-RFLP in 201 renal transplant cases on immunosuppressive therapy for more than three months. ABCB1TT exhibited high CsA and Tac levels(1033.97±284.37ng/dl;8.57±3.86ng/dl) and blood C2levels/dose ratio(5.40±1.76;2.92±1.70) when compared to CC and CT genotypes. Similarly the CYP3A5GG genotype was associated with poor metabolism and showed increased CsA/Tac C2levels(1171±319.02ng/dl;9.85±3.71ng/dl) as well as levels/dose ratio(5.78±1.68;3.36±1.51). This suggests that CsA/Tac blood levels are regulated by these two genes. When gene-gene interaction was evaluated it was observed that ABCB1TT and CYP3A5GG genotypes showed the highest blood levels of Tac, however, in case of CsACYP3A5GG genotype is responsible for higher blood levels, irrespective of the ABCB1 genotype. These individuals would require a lower CsA/Tac dose to maintain therapeutic levels. Determination of these genotypes before renal transplant may alert clinicians and enable them to manage immunosuppression effectively and prevent complications.
Comparison of nutritional composition of premature, mature and de–hulled barley in Korea

-1 DW) was only detected in premature barley. Statistically higher quantities of Na and K were present in premature barley compared to the other two grain-types (P < _ 0.05), whereas mature barley contained the highest amount of P and Fe (P < 0.05). All three grain-types contained similar levels of Ca and Cu. Mature barley contained the highest betaine and choline (49.44 mg 100 g -1 DW and 34.61 mg 100 g -1 DW, respectively). The results indicate that premature barley is nutritionally superior to de-hulled barley.
A Numerical Study of the Unsteady Turbulent Wake behind a Cavitating Hydrofoil

A detailed numerical study of an unsteady turbulent wake behind a cavitating hydrofoil is carried out. A virtual singlephase cavitation model with barotropic flow assumption is used to analyze the unsteady structures in the far wake behind a cavitating hydrofoil. The model automatically becomes weakly compressible in the region where there is no cavitation. Time-averaged quantities are in good agreement with those from experiments, which mean that the model can capture the main dynamics of complex cavitating flows. The cavity flow simulated is highly unsteady, which strongly affects the wake flow. Five types of unsteady vortex shedding mechanisms are identified in the wake of a cavitating hydrofoil.