Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between upper airway width and facial growth changes in orthodontic treatment of growing children

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how airway changes influence facial growth during puberty in Korean children. Methods: Thirty-six patients aged 9 to 11 (mean age: 10.7 years) were selected. Cephalograms and hand-wrist x-rays were taken at pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2). The sample was divided into narrow (5.2 – 8.6 mm, AW-Narrow), medium (8.9 – 11.5 mm, AW-Medium), and wide (11.7 – 16.0 mm, AW-Wide) groups according to the airway width at T1. Cephalometric measurements at T1, T2 and growth from T1 to T2 were compared between groups. Results: The degree of increase in airway size in each group was 4.55 mm, 3.84 mm and 1.94 mm in the AW-Narrow, AW-Medium, and AW-Wide groups, respectively. Moreover, the differences were statistically significant. The significant smallest posterior facial height was found in the AW-Narrow group at T1. For the growth values from T1 to T2, the AW-Narrow group showed significantly larger values of PFH/AFH, facial axis, ANS (T1 - T2), and Gn (T1 - T2) than the AW-Medium group. Conclusions: The compensational changes in the airway width and facial growth were found in the narrow group. Surgical ap-proach of the airway to prevent unfavorable facial growth in these years of age should be carried out, but with careful deliberation because these problems may be improved naturally. (Korean J Orthod 2009;39(3):168-176)
Comparison of Antitussive Effect of Nigella Sativa with Codeine in Guinea Pig

Background: The relaxant and anticholinergic (functional antagonism) effects, histamine H 1 inhibitory effect, and calcium channel blocking effect of Nigella sativa have been demonstrated on guinea pig tracheal chains. Several therapeutic effects including anti-asthma and dyspnea have also been ascribed to the seeds of Nigella sativa. Objective: To evaluate the antitussive effect of this plant. Methods: The antitussive effects of aerosols of two different concentrations of aqueous and macerated extracts as well as an extract of concentrated boiled seeds, codeine, and saline were tested by counting the number of coughs produced 10 min after exposing animal to aerosols of different solutions of citric acid (n=7 for each solution). Results: The results showed significant reduction in the number of coughs obtained in the presence of both concentrations of aqueous and macerated extracts, boiled seeds extract and codeine (p<0.05 to p<0.001). The cough number induced in the presence of higher concentrations of aqueous and macerated extracts were also significantly less than those with lower concentrations (p<0.05 for aqueous and p<0.01 for macerated extracts). There was no significant difference between the number of coughs obtained in the presence of all extracts with that of codeine. Conclusion: These results indicate an antitussive effect of Nigella sativa comparable to that of codeine.
Aesthetics and apparent usability: empirically assessing cultural and methodological issues

Three experiments were conducted to validate and replicate. in a different cultural setting. the results of a study by Kurosu and Kashimura [12] concerning the relationships between users’ perceptions of interface aesthetics and usability. The results support the basic tindings by Kurosu and Kashimura. Very high correlations were found between perceived aesthetics of the interface and a priori perceived ease of use of the system. Differences of magnitude between correlations obtained in Japan and in Israel suggest the existence of cross-cultural differences. but these were not in the hypothesized direction.
In-situ immobilisatie van verontreinigde grond

Er is behoefte aan nieuwe vormen van duurzame bodemsanering die betaalbaar, technisch uitvoerbaar en maatschappelijk acceptabel zijn, zoals het gebruik van zogenaamde immobilisatoren. Dit zijn stoffen die aan de bodem worden toegevoegd om anorganischeverontreinigingen, zoals zware metalen, te binden of te immobiliseren, waardoor ze minder beschikbaar zijn voor opname door de plant en minder toxisch voor het bodemleven. Belgisch onderzoek heeft aangetoond dat de stof Beringiet een geschikte immobilisator is voor gebruik op zandgronden. Beringiet is een aluminosilicaat dat door verhitting gewijzigde fysisch-chemische eigenschappen heeft verkregen. In het hier beschreven onderzoek is gewerkt met een met zink en cadmium verontreinigde grond uit de Brabantse Kempen. De effectiviteit van de Beringiet is geevalueerd aan de hand van de mate van de verbetering van het uitlooggedrag van de grond en van de bescherming die Beringiet biedt aan regenwormen in deze grond. Toevoegingen van 2 tot 5% Beringiet leiden tot een pH-verhoging van de grond met 1,5-2 eenheden. Deze pH-verhoging leidt tot een drastische reductie van de uitloging van zink en cadmium. De opname van zware metalen door regenwormen wordt echter niet of nauwelijks teruggebracht. De beschikbare hoeveelheid Beringiet is vrij beperkt. Daarom is ook een experiment uitgevoerd waarin Beringiet nagemaakt is in het laboratorium door jonge zeeklei te bakken bij 850 °C. De eerste tests wijzen uit dat dit materiaal, evenals cement, niet onderdoet voor echt Beringiet.
HAWQ: a massively parallel processing SQL engine in hadoop

HAWQ, developed at Pivotal, is a massively parallel processing SQL engine sitting on top of HDFS. As a hybrid of MPP database and Hadoop, it inherits the merits from both parties. It adopts a layered architecture and relies on the distributed file system for data replication and fault tolerance. In addition, it is standard SQL compliant, and unlike other SQL engines on Hadoop, it is fully transactional. This paper presents the novel design of HAWQ, including query processing, the scalable software interconnect based on UDP protocol, transaction management, fault tolerance, read optimized storage, the extensible framework for supporting various popular Hadoop based data stores and formats, and various optimization choices we considered to enhance the query performance. The extensive performance study shows that HAWQ is about 40x faster than Stinger, which is reported 35x-45x faster than the original Hive.
Querying k-truss community in large and dynamic graphs

Community detection which discovers densely connected structures in a network has been studied a lot. In this paper, we study online community search which is practically useful but less studied in the literature. Given a query vertex in a graph, the problem is to find meaningful communities that the vertex belongs to in an online manner. We propose a novel community model based on the k-truss concept, which brings nice structural and computational properties. We design a compact and elegant index structure which supports the efficient search of k-truss communities with a linear cost with respect to the community size. In addition, we investigate the k-truss community search problem in a dynamic graph setting with frequent insertions and deletions of graph vertices and edges. Extensive experiments on large real-world networks demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our community model and search algorithms.
New challenges in the management of prolonged survivors of pediatric neuromuscular diseases: A pulmonologist's perspective

Many patients with pediatric neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are now achieving prolonged survival through advances in management of the cardiopulmonary complications of their illnesses. Because respiratory complications are among the main causes of mortality and morbidity in these diseases, pulmonologists are in a unique position to observe and describe the largely unanticipated medical, social, and ethical problems generated when patients with progressive NMDs achieve prolonged survival. For example, prolonged survivors of pediatric NMDs are now experiencing previously rare or unknown medical complications, an unprecedented severity of burden of disease and the potential for prolonged impairment of quality of life. As the patients age, their families must cope with a high level of burden of care. Society's acceptance of the eligibility of these patients to utilize critical care resources, and issues related to the transition of prolonged survivors from pediatric to adult medical providers and venues have resulted in complex practical and ethical issues. In this article, the author, a pediatric pulmonologist closely involved in the care of patients with NMDs, will identify and discuss some of the major medical, social, and ethical implications of prolonged survival among these patients, with an emphasis on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common of the pediatric NMDs. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006; 41:1113–1117. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inter- and intraradiologist variability in the BI-RADS assessment and breast density categories for screening mammograms.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate reader variability in screening mammograms according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assessment and breast density categories. METHODS A stratified random sample of 100 mammograms was selected from a population-based breast cancer screening programme in Barcelona, Spain: 13 histopathologically confirmed breast cancers and 51 with true-negative and 36 with false-positive results. 21 expert radiologists from radiological units of breast cancer screening programmes in Catalonia, Spain, reviewed the mammography images twice within a 6-month interval. The readers described each mammography using BI-RADS assessment and breast density categories. Inter- and intraradiologist agreement was assessed using percentage of concordance and the kappa (κ) statistic. RESULTS Fair interobserver agreement was observed for the BI-RADS assessment [κ=0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36-0.38]. When the categories were collapsed in terms of whether additional evaluation was required (Categories III, 0, IV, V) or not (I and II), moderate agreement was found (κ=0.53, 95% CI 0.52-0.54). Intra-observer agreement for BI-RADS assessment was moderate using all categories (κ=0.53, 95% CI 0.50-0.55) and substantial on recall (κ=0.66, 95% CI 0.63-0.70). Regarding breast density, inter- and intraradiologist agreement was substantial (κ=0.73, 95% CI 0.72-0.74 and κ=0.69, 95% CI 0.68-0.70, respectively). CONCLUSION We observed a substantial intra-observer agreement in the BI-RADS assessment but only moderate interobserver agreement. Both inter- and intra-observer agreement in mammographic interpretation of breast density was substantial. Advances in knowledge Educational efforts should be made to decrease radiologists' variability in BI-RADS assessment interpretation in population-based breast screening programmes.
Fungal contamination of water and water-related surfaces in three hospital wards with immunocompromised patients at risk for invasive fungal infections

Studies suggest that hospital water supplies may serve as a reservoir for fungi and play a role in their spread. The objective of this study was to provide data on the fungal contamination of water, surfaces, and air of areas of water usage in three hospital wards that admit immunocompromised patients at risk for invasive fungal infection. Air, surface, and water samples were collected in patients’ rooms and water facilities of each ward. Analysis of 215 water samples show differences between wards in fungal recovery rates and isolated species, but Fusarium spp. were the predominant fungi. On the 838 surface samples, a similar fungal diversity was found and Fusarium spp. were the predominant fungi. Aspergillus spp. dominated among the moulds recovered from air. This study confirms that different moulds, mainly Fusarium spp. , are present in water and surfaces and that prevention of the risk of nosocomial fungal infection should include a stringent maintenance and cleaning of water facilities.
Analysis of NF-κB signaling pathways by proteomic approaches

NF-κB is a transcription factor that plays important roles in the regulation of apoptosis and inflammation as well as innate and adaptive immunity. Consequently, dysregulations in the NF-κB activation cascade have been associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Although NF-κB signaling pathways have been extensively investigated in this context, its varying components and targets are far from being completely elucidated. There is still an urgent need for the detection of novel NF-κB target proteins, novel interaction partners and novel regulators in the activation cascade, in particular with regard to its role in the aforementioned diseases. Therefore, several groups have performed different proteomic approaches to further investigate NF-κB signal transduction pathways. Most of these studies have been carried out in the area of cancer research; however, there are also several analyses in the field of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, there have been a number of basic investigations that principally examined binding partners or so far unknown target proteins of NF-κB-related proteins. With these approaches, a number of novel and interesting proteins have been found that interfere with NF-κB signal transduction and might have an impact on NF-κB-related diseases. The results of these studies are summarized and discussed in this review.
Barriers to Developing and Sustaining Driving and Community Mobility Programs

OBJECTIVE. To begin to address the shortage of driving rehabilitation and community mobility programs to meet the community mobility needs of older adults and clients with rehabilitative needs, we sought to identify the key barriers to developing and sustaining such programs. METHOD. We used a survey design to solicit input from a nationally representative sample of occupational therapy practitioners, rehabilitation managers, and health care administrators. RESULTS. The 2,869 completed surveys revealed widespread and largely contextual barriers related to fiscal support, infrastructure, physical environment, and institutional culture. The barriers were highly correlated with each other and did not differ across regions, practitioner experience levels, or facility types. CONCLUSION. This study was an important preliminary step in constructing a resource toolkit with strategies to overcome the identified barriers to developing and sustaining driving and community mobility programs that meet the needs of older adults and clients with rehabilitative needs. This toolkit, which is available on the American Occupational Therapy Association�s Web site, is a necessary resource for use in all practice settings to meet the driving and community mobility needs of this population in support of engagement in community-based occupations.
The Effects of Education Quality on Health in Brazil

In this paper , we measure the impact of education quality evaluated b y proficiency test scores on self-reported health sta tus indicators in Brazil. We will use a pseudo-panel approach based on race, gender a nd state to link the proficiency test scores to the health status inform ation. We further correct our regressions for possible selection biases by applyi ng the model developed by Dahl (2002). We found evidence that proficiency test sco res are related to health status indicators especially for women.
Therapeutic Engagement and Posttreatment Substance Use in Adolescent TC Clients

The problem of adolescent drug use places a huge toll on society and a heavy burden on the criminal justice system. Despite the ability of therapeutic communities (TCs) to lower drug relapse, a great deal remains unknown in terms of how the process of treatment actually works for adolescents. Using data collected as part of the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcomes Studies–Adolescents, this study examines the direct and indirect relationship between therapeutic engagement and posttreatment substance use. Though there are few direct effects of therapeutic engagement on substance use, findings suggest that those more engaged in treatment are more likely to complete treatment and, therefore, less likely to use substances. This suggests that instruments that evaluate therapeutic engagement are important in assessing involvement in treatment, and that programming designed to engage the adolescents in TC treatment should be utilized to reduce the risk of posttreatment relapse.
An Optimal Interset Rest Period For Strength Recovery During A Common Isokinetic Test: 2765

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Cambios en el LAG de acomodación al emplear estímulos visuales de diferentes tamaños

La medicion de la respuesta acomodativa (LAG de acomodacion) tiene gran importancia clinica, puesto que ayuda en el diagnostico de las disfunciones del sistema de vergencias y acomodativas. Sin embargo, en la forma como es evaluado clinicamente no se ha estandarizado cual debe ser el tamano del objeto que se observa. Objetivo: determinar los cambios en el LAG de acomodacion con estimulos de diferentes tamanos. Metodologia: se realizo un estudio cuasiexperimental con 134 personas (269 ojos), seleccionadas segun el cumplimiento de criterios de inclusion y exclusion, que fueron expuestas a diferentes tamanos de estimulos acomodativos para determinar cambios en la respuesta acomodativa con la retinoscopia de Nott. Resultados: no se encontro variacion significativa cuando el estimulo fueron letras o dibujo (limites de acuerdo ±0,14 D). Cuando la luz se utilizo como estimulo, genero una variacion clinica y estadisticamente significativa (limites de acuerdo 95% 0,03 - 0,34). Conclusiones: se debe evaluar el LAG de acomodacion o realizar una retinoscopia dinamica (Merchan, 1966), con puntos de fijacion, como letras o figuras acordes a la edad y nivel de atencion del sujeto.
The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial uropathogens isolated from pediatric patients.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered as the most common bacterial infectious disease seen among the pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial uropathogens isolated from the pediatric patients with urinary tract infections. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Children Medial Center, Tehran, Iran from March 2006 to Feb 2007. Clean-catch midstream urine specimens were obtained from the patients and cultured on the appropriate bacteriological media. Bacterial isolates were identified by standard biochemical and serological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to CLSI guidelines. Results: From 14199 urine specimens, 16.2% had positive results for bacterial cultures. Nine hundred twenty one strains were identified as Escherichia coli; 412 as Klebsiella spp. , 285 as Coagulase negative Staphylocococci, 202 as Enterococcus spp. , 158 as Pseudomonas spp. , and 83 as Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli isolates showed high resistance to carbenicillin (68%), ampicillin (96%), trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazol (70%) and kanamycin (65%). More than 30% of isolates of Klebsiella spp. , Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacter spp. have shown high degree of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion: Our findings reinforce the need for ongoing investigation to show trends in antibiotic resistance, which can help to prescribing of antibiotics in clinics.
System software for persistent memory

Emerging byte-addressable, non-volatile memory technologies offer performance within an order of magnitude of DRAM, prompting their inclusion in the processor memory subsystem. However, such load/store accessible Persistent Memory (PM) has implications on system design, both hardware and software. In this paper, we explore system software support to enable low-overhead PM access by new and legacy applications. To this end, we implement PMFS, a light-weight POSIX file system that exploits PM's byte-addressability to avoid overheads of block-oriented storage and enable direct PM access by applications (with memory-mapped I/O). PMFS exploits the processor's paging and memory ordering features for optimizations such as fine-grained logging (for consistency) and transparent large page support (for faster memory-mapped I/O). To provide strong consistency guarantees, PMFS requires only a simple hardware primitive that provides software enforceable guarantees of durability and ordering of stores to PM. Finally, PMFS uses the processor's existing features to protect PM from stray writes, thereby improving reliability. Using a hardware emulator, we evaluate PMFS's performance with several workloads over a range of PM performance characteristics. PMFS shows significant (up to an order of magnitude) gains over traditional file systems (such as ext4) on a RAMDISK-like PM block device, demonstrating the benefits of optimizing system software for PM.
Leishmaniose visceral canina: avaliação da metodologia sorológica utilizada em inquéritos epidemiológicos

Foi realizado um estudo comparativo da reacao de imunofluorescencia indireta em eluatos de sangue de caes infectados experimentalmente com diferentes tripanosomatideos. Utilizaram-se como antigenopromastigotas de L. mexicana, L. braziliensis e L. chagasi. Os resultados mostraram que a sensibilidade do metodo foi de 87,5% para o diagnostico do calazar canino, independente­ mente do antigeno empregado; e que ocorre reacao cruzada com Leishmaniose tegumentar em 75% dos casos e com doenca de Chagas em 83,3%. Levantamento epidemiologico em area de leishmaniose confirma que a reacao de imunofluorescencia em eluatos de sangue canino fornece reacoes cruzadas em caes infectados com Leishmania braziliensis e L. chagasi. Nao se verificou reacao cruzada pela RFC. Sugere-se a utilizacao da reacao de imunofluorescencia nas campanhas de saude publica, mas e de se chamar a atencao para o fato de que as taxas de positividade nao devem ser utilizadas como indicadores da prevalencia do calazar canino.
Identification and quantification of grapefruit juice furanocoumarin metabolites in urine: an approach based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry and solid-phase extraction coupled to ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to triple 

Grapefruit is a rich source of flavonoids but also contains furanocoumarins, which are known to strongly interact with a variety of medications. Thus, characterization of grapefruit furanocoumarin metabolites may help in a better understanding of grapefruit-drug interactions. In the present work, identification of the main metabolites of grapefruit juice furanocoumarins in urine was performed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap). Glucuronides of 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin and a hydroxybergamottin-like metabolite were identified for the first time as grapefruit juice metabolites. Afterward, a fast and sensitive method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and UPLC coupled to triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (QqQ-MS/MS) was developed for determination of the identified metabolites in urine. The proposed method was applied to urine samples of five volunteers after intakes of moderate doses of grapefruit, lemon, and orange juices. Furanocoumarin metabolites were only detected in urines after consumption of grapefruit juice.