Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Misreporting in Subordinates’ Budgets

The participative budgeting literature typically characterizes budget slack as reflecting the magnitude of the miscommunication between senders and receivers of budget information. However, to the extent managers can recognize and adjust for subordinate misreporting we assert that slack may overstate the degree of miscommunication. We conducted an experiment where subordinates had private information about actual costs, were incentivized to create slack, and set budgets without negotiation. Managers prepared cost forecasts based only on subordinate budget submissions, and their knowledge of the actual cost distribution and subordinates’ incentives to misreport. We manipulate managers’ incentives to prepare accurate forecasts of actual costs (present or absent). Consistent with our predictions, results show that managers’ appear to distinguish between budgets containing lower versus higher slack and placed greater reliance on budgets that were more informative about actual costs. Also in keeping with our prediction, provision of forecast accuracy incentives lead managers' to increase their reliance on subordinate budgets. Managers’ budget reliance decisions partially mediate the effects of both budget informativeness and forecast accuracy incentives on forecast accuracy. We discuss our study’s implications for theory and practice.
Accuracy of different methods of radiographic superimposition on cranial base structures.

The accuracy of several different methods of superimposition on cranial base structures is investigated. There is an appreciable error in all methods of superimposition, and this must be taken into account in studies involving superimposition. None of the methods of superimposition tested emerged as being significantly more accurate than the others.
Effect of Coadministered Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim on Liver Function and Achitecture of Albino Rats

HIV/AIDS is usually associated with co morbidities and co infections which may necessitate the concurrent use of antiretroviral drugs with other medications. This may place more burdens on body organs especially the liver which is the primary organ of drug metabolism. Therefore this study evaluates the toxicological effect of single and combined doses of SMX/TMP + LPV/r on the liver function and architecture of rats. Seventy five (75) animals which were divided into five (5) groups were used in this study. Group A which served as control contained fifteen (15) animals which were treated with 1% ethanol orally. Group B-E which contained fifteen (15) animals each was further subdivided into three (3) subgroups of five (5) animals each. Animals in these groups were treated with oral doses of SMX/TMP (11.2/2.3mg/kg), LPV/r (11.4/2.9mg/kg) and combine doses of SMX/TMP + LPV/r for 2-8 weeks respectively. Plasma levels of alanine aminotranferase, (ALT) aspartate aminotranferase, (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated. Liver malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and histopathological changes were also evaluated. Results showed that these agents have no significant toxic effects on the liver weight. Treatment with single doses of SMX/TMP and LPV/r produced a time dependent increase in AST, ALT, ALP and MDA. Significant synergistic increases in these parameters were not observed when these agents (SMX/TMP + LPV/r) were co administered. Single doses of these agents produced a time dependent decrease in SOD with no significant synergistic effects when combined doses of these agents (SMX/TMP + LPV/r) were used. Liver of animals treated with single and combined doses of SMX/TMP and LPV/r showed fairly preserved lobular architecture with vascular congestion and inflammatory cells infiltration in the parenchyma. Conclusion: In this study concurrent treatment with SMX/TMP + LPV/r produced no synergistic hepatotoxicity, hence these agents can be use concurrently in HIV/AIDS associated co infection and co morbidity.
Global Analysis of Type Three Secretion System and Quorum Sensing Inhibition of Pseudomonas savastanoi by Polyphenols Extracts from Vegetable Residues

Protection of plants against bacterial diseases still mainly relies on the use of chemical pesticides, which in Europe correspond essentially to copper-based compounds. However, recently plant diseases control is oriented towards a rational use of molecules and extracts, generally with natural origin, with lower intrinsic toxicity and a reduced negative environmental impact. In this work, polyphenolic extracts from vegetable no food/feed residues of typical Mediterranean crops, as Olea europaea, Cynara scolymus, and Vitis vinifera were obtained and their inhibitory activity on the Type Three Secretion System (TTSS) and the Quorum Sensing (QS) of the Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii strain Psn23 was assessed. Extract from green tea (Camellia sinensis) was used as a positive control. Collectively, the data obtained through gfp-promoter fusion system and real-time PCR show that all the polyphenolic extracts here studied have a high inhibitory activity on both the TTSS and QS of Psn23, without any depressing effect on bacterial viability. Extracts from green tea and grape seeds were shown to be the most active. Such activity was confirmed in planta by a strong reduction in the ability of Psn23 to develop hyperplastic galls on explants from adult oleander plants, as well as to elicit hypersensitive response on tobacco. By using a newly developed Congo red assay and an ELISA test, we demonstrated that the TTSS-targeted activity of these polyphenolic extracts also affects the TTSS pilus assembly. In consideration of the potential application of polyphenolic extracts in plant protection, the absence of any toxicity of these polyphenolic compounds was also assessed. A widely and evolutionary conserved molecular target such as Ca2+-ATPase, essential for the survival of any living organism, was used for the toxicity assessment.
Consumer Acceptance Model of Smart Clothing according to Innovation

This study identified the appropriateness of acceptance models of smart clothing and differences in the hypothesis of the path to clothing acceptance by classifying consumers depending on the level of technology innovation and fashion innovation through the extended TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) presented by Chae (2009). 815 copies of data were collected from adults over twenty living in major South Korean cities and analyzed them using a SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 5.0 package. Based on the average value of technology innovation and fashion innovation, the respondents were classified into: Group 1 with high technology innovation and fashion innovation, Group 2 with high technology innovation but low fashion innovation, Group 3 with low technology innovation but high fashion innovation, and Group 4 with low technology innovation and fashion innovation. The appropriateness of models for the four classified groups was verified. The analysis proved that an extended TAM for each classified group explains the acceptance process of smart clothing; especially the appropriateness of model of Group 1 and Group 4 was comparatively higher than other groups. Perceived usefulness was revealed as the key variable that affects consumer attitudes to accept smart clothing. Perceived ease of use has indirect positive effects on consumer attitudes passing through perceived usefulness and clothing involvement partly exerted impacts on consumer attitudes and the intention of acceptance. The mediating role of attitudes to explain the intention of the acceptance of smart clothing is high and suggests that it is necessary to take a positive role to help the consumer perceive the functional and useful aspects of the clothing.
Consensus Algorithms and the Decomposition-Separation Theorem

Convergence properties of time inhomogeneous Markov chain based discrete and continuous time linear consensus algorithms are analyzed. Provided that a so-called infinite jet-flow property is satisfied by the coupling chain, necessary conditions for both consensus and multiple consensus are established. A recent extension by Sonin of the classical Kolmogorov-Doeblin decomposition-separation for homogeneous Markov chains to the inhomogeneous case is then employed to show that the obtained necessary conditions are also sufficient when a discrete time chain is in Class P*, as defined by Touri and Nedic. It is also shown that Sonin's D-S Theorem leads to a rediscovery and generalization of the existing related consensus results in the literature. Finally, a geometric approach first developed by Shen is taken to extend the results of the discrete time case to the continuous time case.
Efficacy of itraconazole in the prophylactic treatment of pityriasis (tinea) versicolor.

BACKGROUND Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor has a high tendency to recur after being treated successfully. Prophylactic treatment to reduce recurrence is needed. OBJECTIVE To determine whether recurrence of pityriasis versicolor could be prevented by prophylactic itraconazole treatment. DESIGN Open treatment followed by a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase. SETTING Multinational outpatient centers. PATIENTS A total of 239 consecutive patients were included; 238 started open treatment. A total of 209 patients started prophylactic treatment: 106 in the itraconazole group and 103 in the placebo group. INTERVENTIONS Open treatment: itraconazole, 200 mg once daily for 7 days. Prophylactic treatment: itraconazole, 200 mg, or placebo twice daily 1 day per month for 6 consecutive months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mycological cure rates at the end of open treatment and at the end of prophylactic treatment. RESULTS Mycological cure at the end of open treatment was 92% (205/223). At the prophylactic treatment end point (6 months), mycological cure was 88% (90/102) in the itraconazole group and 57% (56/99) in the placebo group (P<.001). In open treatment, 11 patients were not able to be evaluated for efficacy. In prophylactic treatment, 4 patients in the itraconazole group and 4 in the placebo group were not able to be evaluated. Adverse events were reported during open treatment by 26 patients (11%) and during prophylactic treatment by 17 (16%) in the itraconazole group and 14 (14%) in the placebo group. No patients experienced any serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic itraconazole treatment is efficacious for pityriasis versicolor after 6 months, as is itraconazole in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor.
The importance of hydrology in restoration of bottomland hardwood wetland functions

Bottomland hardwood (BLH) forests have important biogeochemical functions and it is well known that certain structural components, including pulsed hydrology, hydric soils, and hydrophytic vegetation, enhance these functions. It is unclear, however, how functions of restored BLH wetlands compare to mature, undisturbed wetlands. We measured a suite of structural and functional attributes in replicated natural BLH wetlands (NAT), restored BLH wetlands with hydrology re-established (RWH), and restored BLH wetlands without hydrology re-established (RWOH) in this study. Trees were replanted in all restored wetlands at least four years prior to the study and those wetlands with hydrology re-established had flashboard risers placed in drainage ditches to allow seasonal surface flooding. Vegetation, soils, and selected biogeochemical functions were characterized at each site. There was a marked difference in woody vegetation among the wetlands that was due primarily to site age. There was also a difference in herbaceous vegetation among the restored sites that may have been related to differences in age or hydrology. Water table fluctuations of the RWH wetlands were comparable to those of the NAT wetlands. Thus, placing flashboard risers in existing drainage ditches, along with proper management, can produce a hydroperiod that is similar to that of a relatively undisturbed BLH. Average length of saturation within the upper 15 cm of soils was 37, 104, and 97 days for RWOH, RWH, and NAT, respectively. Soil moisture, denitrification potential, and soluble organic carbon concentrations differed among wetland sites, but soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations, heterotrophic microbial activity, and readily mineralizable carbon concentrations did not. Significant linear relationships were also found between soil moisture and heterotrophic microbial activity, readily mineralizable carbon, and soluble organic carbon. In addition, sedimentation rates were higher in NAT and RWH wetlands than in RWOH sites. Results of this study suggest that reconnection of bottomland hardwood wetlands to their surrounding watershed through the restoration of surface hydrology is necessary to restore wetland functions important to nutrient and sediment removal.
Developmental toxicity assessment of the new ﬂuoroquinolone antibacterial DW‐116 in rabbits

DW‐116 is a newly developed ﬂuoroquinolone antibacterial with a broad spectrum against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. We have reported recently that DW‐116 is embryotoxic and teratogenic in rats. The present study was conducted to investigate the teratogenicity of DW‐116, together with maternal toxicity and developmental toxicity using New Zealand White rabbits. The test chemical was administered by gavage to pregnant rabbits from gestational day (GD) 6 through to GD 18 at dose levels of 0, 5, 19.5 and 76.1 mg kg−1 day−1. All does were subjected to caesarean section on day 28 of gestation and their foetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal abnormalities. In the 76.1 mg kg−1 group, a minimal maternal toxicity, as evidenced by decreased body weight gain during treatment period, was observed in pregnant rabbits. Signiﬁcant embryo‐foetal toxicity, including increased number of foetal deaths and delayed foetal ossiﬁcation, was seen. However, no treatment‐related morphological changes were detected in foetal external, visceral and skeletal examinations. There were no adverse effects on either pregnant dams or embryo‐foetal development at 19.5 and 5 mg kg−1. It was concluded that administration of DW‐116 during the major organogenetic period in rabbits produced decreased maternal body weight gain, increased number of foetal deaths and foetal developmental delay but no evidence of teratogenicity. The no‐observed‐adverse‐effect levels (NOAELs) of DW‐116 are considered to be 19.5 mg kg−1 day−1 for does and embryo‐foetuses, respectively. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance of strategic planning and due diligence in mergers and acquisitions: an Australian perspective

Abstract This study explored three key areas of merger and acquisition (MA the importance of the due diligence process; and the impact of experience in completing successful MA its particular value was removing managerial ego and justifying the business case. There was mixed evidence on the value of experience, with improved results from using a flexible framework of assessment. This paper was presented at the Global Business and Technology Association (GBATA) Conference, 12-16 July 2005, Lisbon, Portugal. This paper is a work in progress. Material in the paper cannot be used without permission of the author. DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT WORKING PAPER SERIES I S S N 1 3 2 7 – 5 2 1 6
A case of erythema elevatum diutinum associated with peripheral ulcerative keratitis

A young woman with recurrent painful lesions on the dorsal aspects of her hands associated with arthralgia presented with pain and redness of both eyes. After extensive investigations, a diagnosis of erythema elevatum diutinum accompanied by peripheral ulcerative keratitis was made. The patient was treated with dapsone 50 mg, t.i. d. , and responded well.
Role of Hypertension and Metabolic Abnormalities in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy among Egyptian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most severe diabetic micro-angiopathies. Various factors are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy including, interactions between metabolic and haemodynamic factors, as well as genetic susceptibility to develop nephropathy. This study aims to evaluate the role of metabolic abnormalities and hypertension in the development of chronic renal failure among type 2 diabetic cases. The measurement of fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglycerids (TGs), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), creatinine (Cr) and urinary albumin was done. This study included 90 type 2 diabetic patients (mean age: 57.47 ± 0.77 year, male/female: 30/60) and 30 non diabetic healthy volunteers served as control (mean age: 51.17 ± 1.07 year, male/female: 8/22). Diabetic patients were further divided into 2 main groups: patients without nephropathy, (n =30) and those with nephropathy, (n = 60) who were subdivided into: micro-albuminuric and macro-albuminuric patients. Diabetic patients with nephropathy were older, more obese and had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DSP). Diabetic patients also exhibited higher blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid profile, as well as increased serum creatinine and urinary albumin concentrations, which in all tended to be markedly pronounced in diabetic patients with macro-albuminuria (overt renal failure). The study concluded that obesity, hypertension and metabolic abnormalities are risk factors related to prevalence of nephropathy among diabetic subjects and for individual differences in its onset and severity. It is therefore possible to prevent the increasing prevalence of diabetic nephropathy by improving these factors. (Azza M. El-Wakf; Tarek M. Abbas ;Rizk A. El-Baz and Wafaa A. Mohammed. Role of Hypertension and Metabolic Abnormalities in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy among Egyptian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Nature and Science 2011; 7(9): 220-228). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.sciencepub. net/nature
Atypical propriospinal myoclonus with possible relationship to alpha interferon therapy.

We report on a man who received interferon-alpha 2a therapy for kidney cancer and who subsequently developed propriospinal myoclonus. The myoclonus was noted at rest and during movement. The jerks were reinforced by cutaneous stimuli and tendon taps and spread to the spinal cord via polysynaptic propriospinal pathways. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis, spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalogram with back-averaging, and somatosensory-evoked potentials were normal. No antineuronal antibodies were found. Although the mechanism of interferon neurotoxicity remains unclear, the possible responsibility of interferon was considered, as no focal lesion or paraneoplastic pathology were disclosed.
Physical fitness, adiposity, and metabolic risk factors in young college students.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess anthropometry, physical fitness, and serum glucose and lipid levels in college students and to determine the relative impact of fitness level compared with body composition on blood chemistries related to metabolic syndrome. METHODS College students (n = 564; means +/- SD: age = 19.4 +/- 1.1 yr) participating in the Tufts University Longitudinal Health Study between 2000 and 2007 were examined for the relative impact of fitness level compared with body composition on serum glucose, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol controlling for age and ethnicity. RESULTS In this college population, 16.2% were overweight or obese, whereas 60% had body fat percentages above desirable levels. Higher percent body fat was associated with increased cholesterol and LDL in both men and women, and with increased triglyceride and decreased HDL in women (P < 0.05). Increased fitness was associated with increased HDL and decreased triglycerides in women and decreased serum glucose in men (P < 0.05). When dichotomized into "fit" and "unfit" groups, students who were fit demonstrated more optimal levels of serum glucose and lipids independent of percent body fat (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Several metabolic risk factors are already evident in a young college population, and both increased body fatness and decreased physical fitness were associated with metabolic risk. Being physically fit can confer an added benefit to a healthy body composition. It is therefore important to encourage both healthy weights and fitness in late adolescence as each play important and independent roles in biochemical parameters associated with increased chronic disease risk.
A strong role for nature in face recognition

Do the genes that make us intelligent make us intelligent in all respects? Or can one inherit from one’s parents high general intelligence but also a problem in one specific area, such as in reading or mathematics or the ability to recognize other people? Recent major reviews have emphasized the role of general intelligence, or “g,” noting genetic correlations across different cognitive domains that are present even in cognitive disorders (1, 2). In contrast, a recent study in PNAS (3) demonstrates that heritability can also occur for specialist cognitive processes. Moreover, the ability for which this is established is one long suggested as a candidate for domain specificity: face perception.
Do Corporate Governance and Ownership Determine Dividend Policy in Poland?

The goal of this paper is twofold. First, we explore the determinants of the dividend policy in Poland. Second, we test whether ownership and corporate governance practices determine the dividend policy in the non-financial companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. In order to test the impact of corporate governance we compose, for the first time, quantitative measures on the quality of the corporate governance standards for 110 non-financial companies listed on the WSE. Our results suggest that ownership as well as the increase in corporate governance standards controlling for other determinants bring about a statistically significant increase in the dividend payout ratio. The findings are based on the period 1998-2004.
Microsatellite Instability and p53 Expression in Gallbladder Carcinomas

We studied the MSI (microsatellite instability) status and p53 expression in a series of 71 gallbladder cancers (GCs) of different histologic type. All neoplasms were examined combining a microsatellite analysis at mononucleotide locus BAT-26 and an immunohistochemical study for hMSH2, hMLH1, and p53 proteins and markers of gastric and intestinal differentiation. All the 71 GCs were MSS (microsatellite stable). The p53 protein was found in 100% of undifferentiated GCs, 67% of conventional gallbladder adenocarcinomas, 50% of mucinous adenocarcinomas, and 20% GCs with squamous differentiation. All 71 MSS tumors showed presence of immunohistochemical expression of both hMLH1 and hMSH2 gene products. We concluded that microsatellite instability does not play a role in the developing of GC while p53 seems to be the most important alteration found in a large proportion of these cancers, with the only exception of mucinous and squamous gallbladder carcinomas.