Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Phosphorus Fertilizers in Hydroponics and Glasshouse Settings with Moderate and High Organic Matter Soils

Effectiveness of Phosphorus Fertilizers in Hydroponics and Glasshouse Settings with Moderate and High Organic Matter Soils Jeffrey Sean Summerhays Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, BYU Master of Science Phosphorus (P) is poorly soluble in most soils and, thus, has poor plant uptake efficiency. AVAIL® and Carbond P (CBP) are new fertilizer products shown to increase P use efficiency (PUE) and increase crop yields when grown in P limiting soils. Carbond P has specifically been seen to increases P uptake and crop yields in soils low in P, although effectiveness in regards to soil organic matter is unknown. The objectives of these studies were to determine if the mode of action for these products is related to physiological response, to determine if Carbond P is toxic to plant roots when in direct contact at high rates, and determine the limitations of Carbond P in regards to biomass (yield), P uptake and concentration. We used a hydroponic study to compare CBP to AVAIL in evaluating plant toxicity and plant philological response. AVAIL and CBP were also compared to ammonium polyphosphate (APP) at pH 6 or 8 for hydroponically grown maize (Zea mays L.). Additionally, a glasshouse study evaluated the PUE of CBP with soil in which maize was grown. Soils were moderate or high in organic matter, with 0, 5, 15, 45, or 135 kg P2O5 ha applied as either APP or CBP. Both studies showed that CBP is a suitable PUE enhancing fertilizer. In the greenhouse study, the high organic matter soil revealed that both CBP and APP fertilization resulted in similar increases in biomass yield and P concentration and uptake. However, in the moderate organic matter soil, biomass and total P uptake was significantly greater for CBP than APP at the two lowest P rates of fertilization and significantly higher for APP than CBP at the highest P application rate. In the hydroponic study, neither AVAIL nor CBP had any positive or adverse effects on the plants as compared to APP. These results, coupled with this and previous soil-based greenhouse and field studies with AVAIL and CBP, show that the increase in PUE is not a physiological growth stimulant response, but rather likely the result of impacts on P solubility in the soil. However, the presence of high organic matter in the soil seemed to negate the effects of the organic acid bonded P used in Carbond P. We conclude that CBP, and possibly other organic acid based fertilizers, can assist in furthering agricultural goals, as well as environmental responsibility with these known limits.
nvasion Are Associated with Tumor ggressiveness and Poor Prognosis in enal Cell Carcinoma

BJECTIVES Because lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic invasion are key steps to nodal involvement in various types of cancer, we examined the clinicopathologic significance of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic invasion in renal cell carcinoma. ETHODS Peritumoral lymphatics and intratumoral lymphatics (ITLs) from 106 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma specimens were immunostained with D2-40 antibody, which specifically recognizes the lymphatic-specific marker podoplanin. The clinicopathologic significance of the densities and presence of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic invasion (LVI) was evaluated, and the staining pattern of D2-40 was compared with that of CD34. ESULTS Peritumoral lymphatics were present in 100 patients (94.3%), and ITLs were present in only 20 (18.9%). LVI was present in 6 patients (5.7%), of whom 5 had concomitant microvascular invasion. Some lymphatic vessels were positive not only for D2-40, but also for CD34. The presence of ITLs and LVI were significantly associated with pathologic T stage ( P 0.0001 and P 0.0136, respectively), regional lymph node involvement (P 0.0312 and P 0.0067, respectively), distant metastasis (P 0.0046 and P 0.0294, respectively), and microvascular invasion (P 0.0105 and P 0.0312, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that patients with ITLs had significantly shorter cancer-specific survival than those without ITLs (P 0.0025) but multivariate analysis did not (P 0.0527). ONCLUSIONS The results of our study have shown that ITLs and LVI are associated with tumor aggressiveness, and patients with ITL have poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. One should be aware that some of the intratumoral microvessels are lymphatics and patients with microvascular invasion evident on the routine histologic examination often also have LVI. UROLOGY 71: 928 –932, 2008. © 2008 Elsevier Inc.
End QRS Notching or Slurring in the Electrocardiogram Influence on the Definition of “ Early Repolarization ”

p i J a To the Editor: The transition from the QRS complex to the ST-segment on the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has been conventionally termed the ST junction (STj). Occasionally, the terminal portion of the QRS complex manifests a notch or slur when transiting into the ST-segment. This has been described as a normal variant in healthy individuals (1) in whom STj is very often elevated. The term “early repolarization” has been used to describe the latter phenomenon with or without end QRS notching or slurring (2). Until recently, end QRS notching or slurring has generally been considered benign. However, Haïssaguerre et al. (3) reported a higher frequency of the early repolarization pattern in 206 survivors of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation compared with 412 healthy controls matched for age, sex, race, and level of physical activity. More recently, a “horizontal” ST-segment with or without STj elevation, but with end QRS notching or slurring, has been shown to have an important prognostic role (4,5). Although numerous studies have investigated the benign and athological significance of end QRS slurring or notching, there re many inconsistencies in definitions. The goal of our study was o explore the prevalence and demographic characteristics of QRS nd notching or slurring and of associated STj amplitude in an pparently healthy white population. ECG recordings were obtained from 1,496 adults as previously escribed (6). There were 859 males and 637 females, with a mean age of 37.4 12.6 years (range 18 to 82 years) overall (39.2 12.1 years [range 18 to 82 years] for males and 35.1 12.9 years [range 18 to 71 years] for females). ECGs were analyzed with the widely used University of Glasgow ECG Analysis Program (7). Average beats were calculated automatically and reviewed manually. STj amplitude was measured in the inferior limb (II, III, and aVF),
On the Nature and Structure of Possible Three-dimensional Steady Flows in Closed and Open Parallelepipedic and Cubical Containers under Different Heating Conditions and Driving Forces.

Possible natural transport mechanisms in cubical and shallow cavities with different heating con- ditions (from below or from the side) are investigated by means of numerical solution of the non-linear model equations and multiprocessor computations. Attention is focused on a variety of three-dimensional steady effects that can arise in such configurations in the case of low- Pr liquids (silicon melt) even for relatively small values of the temperature gradient due to localized boundary ef- fects and/or true instabilities of the flow. Such aspects are still poorly known or completely ignored owing to the fact that most of the existing experiments focused on the subsequent onset of oscillatory flow, or on the case of transparent (Pr � 1) liquids. The influence of both buoyancy and surface tension forces is considered. The role played by the geometrical constraints and degrees of freedom in determining the three-dimensional struc- ture of the flow field is discussed. Some effort is devoted to elucidate the results within the framework of existing (state-of-the-art) theories and to illustrate the deviation of results pertaining to a real three-dimensional geome- try with respect to earlier two-dimensional models. keyword: Buoyancy convection, Marangoni flow.
The RMS Survey: H2O masers towards a sample of southern hemisphere massive YSO candidates and ultra compact HII regions

Context. The red MSX source (RMS) survey has identified a large sample of candidate massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) and ultra compact (UC) HII regions from a sample of ∼2000 MSX and 2MASS colour selected sources. Aims. To search for H 2 O masers towards a large sample of young high mass stars and to investigate the statistical correlation of H 2 O masers with the earliest stages of massive star formation. Methods. We have used the Mopra Radio telescope to make position-switched observations towards ∼500 UCHII regions and MYSOs candidates identified from the RMS survey and located between 190° < l < 30°. These observations have a 4σ sensitivity of ∼1 Jy and a velocity resolution of ∼0.4 km s -1 . Results. We have detected 161 H 2 O masers, approximately 75% of which were previously unknown. Comparing the maser velocities with the velocities of the RMS sources, determined from 13 CO observations, we have identified 135 RMS-H 2 O maser associations, which corresponds to a detection rate of ∼27%. Taking into account the differences in sensitivity and source selection we find our detection rate is in general agreement with previously reported surveys. Conclusions. We find similar detection rates for UCHII regions and MYSOs candidates, suggesting that the conditions needed for maser activity are equally likely in these two stages of the star formation process. Looking at the detection rate as a function of distance from the Galactic centre we find it significantly enhanced within the solar circle, peaking at ∼37% between 6-7 kpc, which is consistent with previous surveys of UC HII regions, possibly indicating the presence of a high proportion of more luminous YSOs and HII regions.
Yielding Pressure of Spread Footing above Multiple Voids

The effect of multiple voids on the yielding pressure of strip footing was numerically investigated by a two-dimensional plane strain finite-element method analysis. The results indicated that the failure zone developed mainly towards the nearest void from the footing and did not generally extend to the other voids, and the failure zone was narrower and smaller than that of the no-void ground, resulting in smaller yielding pressure. A practical calculation formula was developed for estimating the yielding pressure of strip footing above multiple voids.
Response by adults to increases in cigarette prices by sociodemographic characteristics

Cigarette excise taxes are widely viewed by health economists as an effective tool to reduce cigarette consumption. However, those opposed to increasing cigarette excise taxes often state that the taxes unfairly target certain segments of the population, notably the poor and minorities. Some of this opposition may have been fueled by a lack of understanding of how the tax will affect the health and welfare of various demographic groups of interest. This article provides guidance to policy makers by estimating price elasticities among adults by gender, income, age, and race or ethnicity. Women, adults with income at or below the median income, young adults, African-Americans, and Hispanics are most responsive to cigarette price increases. For example, adults with income at or below the median are more than four times as price-responsive as those with income above the median.
The nonlinear evolution of zonally symmetric equatorial inertial instability

The inertial instability of equatorial shear flows is studied, with a view to understanding observed phenomena in the Earth's stratosphere and mesosphere. The basic state is a zonal flow of stratified fluid on an equatorial β-plane, with latitudinal shear. The simplest self-consistent model of the instability is used, so that the basic state and the disturbances are zonally symmetric, and a vertical diffusivity provides the scale selection. We study the interaction between the inertial instability, which takes the form of periodically varying disturbances in the vertical, and the mean flow, where ‘mean’ is a vertical mean. The weakly nonlinear regime is investigated analytically, for flows with an arbitrary dependence on latitude. An amplitude equation of the form dA/dt = A−k2A∫[mid ]A[mid ]2dt is derived for the disturbances, and the evolving stability properties of the mean flow are discussed. In the final steady state, the disturbances vanish, but there is a persistent mean flow change that stabilizes the flow. However, the magnitude of the mean flow change depends strongly on the initial conditions, so that the system has a long memory. The analysis is extended to include the effects of Rayleigh friction and Newtonian cooling, destroying the long-memory property. A more strongly nonlinear regime is investigated with the help of numerical simulations, extending the results up to the point where the instability leads to density contour overturning. The instability is shown to lead to a homogenization of fQ¯ around the initially unstable region, where f is the Coriolis parameter, and Q¯ is the vertical mean of the potential vorticity. As the instability evolves, the line of zero Q¯ moves polewards, rather than equatorwards as might be expected from a simple self-neutralization argument.
Output Volatility And Fdi To Middle East And North African Countries: A Close-Up On The Source Countries

Macroeconomic determinants of FDI are seldom analysed from the perspective of source countries, priority generally being given to host country characteristics. Using a gravity model, we analyse FDI flows from a sample of European and non-European countries to MENA economies. We find that European investment to our chosen MENA host countries is higher the higher the source country output volatility, thus lending support to the existence of a substitution effect for European transnational corporations. We also find that the 1995 Barcelona agreement has reinforced MENA countries’ vulnerability to European short- and medium-term macroeconomic cycles. Regional integration of MENA economies and the emergence of new sources of FDI for MENA economies is not necessarily a positive development since investment to MENA countries coming from the Mediterranean periphery of Europe is affected by a revenue effect, with FDI flows being reduced when macroeconomic volatility increases in the zone. Our results are robust with respect to various changes in estimator, sample composition and measurement of instability.
Tyre Volume and Pressure Effects on Impact Attenuation during Mountain Bike Riding

Exposure to impacts and vibrations has been shown to be detrimental to cross country mountain bike performance and health. Therefore, any strategy aimed at attenuating such exposure is useful to participants and/or industry. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of tyre size and tyre inflation pressure on exposure to impacts. Participants completed nine trials of a technical section (controlled for initial speed and route taken) including nine separate conditions involving three tyre sizes and three tyre inflation pressures normalised per tyre. Performance was determined by time to negotiate the technical section while triaxial accelerometers recorded accelerations (128 Hz) to quantify impact exposure and the subsequent effects on soft tissue response. Increases in tyre size within the range used improved performance while changes to tyre inflation pressure had no effect on performance. Larger tyre sizes and lower tyre inflation pressures significantly reduced exposure to impacts which could be augmented or negated due to an interaction between tyre size and inflation pressure . It is recommended that mountain bikers use larger tyres, inflated to the moderate pressures used within this study, in order to increase performance and reduce the risk of overuse injuries.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PROMOTES HEART FAILURE Acute Hemodynamic and Neurohumoral Effects of Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are common and interrelated conditions, each promoting the other, and both associated with increased mortality. HF leads to structural and electrical atrial remodeling, thus creating the basis for the development and perpetuation of AF; and AF may lead to hemodynamic deterioration and the development of tachycardiamediated cardiomyopathy. Stroke prevention by antithrombotic therapy is crucial in patients with AF and HF. Of the 2 principal therapeutic strategies to treat AF, rate control and rhythm control, neither has been shown to be superior to the other in terms of survival, despite better survival in patients with sinus rhythm compared with those in AF. Antiarrhythmic drug toxicity and poor efficacy are concerns. Catheter ablation of AF can establish sinus rhythm without the risks of antiarrhythmic drug therapy, but has important procedural risks, and data from randomized trials showing a survival benefit of this treatment strategy are still lacking. In intractable cases, ablation of the atrioventricular junction and placement of a permanent pacemaker is a treatment alternative; and biventricular pacing may prevent or reduce the negative consequences of chronic right ventricular pacing.
New results on covers and partial spreads of polar spaces

In the proof of Lemma 1.2 of [1] one case was missing and so the assertion of the lemma is not correct as it is stated in [1]. More precisely, the lower bound on |l ∩ B| in the lemma is not correct. We prove a new version of the lemma with the correct lower bound. The lemma was used several times in [1], but only the proof of Proposition 3.2 does not remain true with the new bound. We therefore give a new proof of Proposition 3.2 using the correct and weaker version of Lemma 1.1. As a matter of fact, the two main results in [1] (stated in the introduction) remain true.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Model Tracks in Present and Future Climates Permalink

Western North Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) model tracks are analyzed in two large multimodel ensembles, spanning a large variety of models and multiple future climate scenarios. Two methodologies are used to synthesize the properties of TC tracks in this large data set: cluster analysis and mass moment ellipses. First, the models’ TC tracks are compared to observed TC tracks’ characteristics, and a subset of the models is chosen for analysis, based on the tracks’ similarity to observations and sample size. Potential changes in track types in a warming climate are identified by comparing the kernel smoothed probability distributions of various track variables in historical and future scenarios using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov significance test. Two track changes are identified. The first is a statistically significant increase in the north-south expansion, which can also be viewed as a poleward shift, as TC tracks are prevented from expanding equatorward due to the weak Coriolis force near the equator. The second change is an eastward shift in the storm tracks that occur near the central Pacific in one of the multimodel ensembles, indicating a possible increase in the occurrence of storms near Hawaii in a warming climate. The dependence of the results on which model and future scenario are considered emphasizes the necessity of including multiple models and scenarios when considering future changes in TC characteristics.
Review of the Impact of Nursing Care before Endoscopy on Anxiety and Stress and Depression and Pain of the Elderly Patients Visiting Esfahan's Al-Zahra Hospital in 2015

Endoscopy is repeatedly studied in clinical reviews due to the various medical applications and explicit diagnostic advantages that it has. The number of the individuals who suffer from anxiety and fear when they do endoscopy is warningly high and it is necessary to do some attempts so that their fear and worrisome would be overcome. By eliminating such a harmful feeling, patients endure endoscopy easier and the doctors of the endoscopy section can do the endoscopy without tension. This research is a semi-experimental one which has been conducted with the clinical experimental method in one of the hospitals associated with Esfahan's university of medical sciences. The number of the studied units was equal to 70 elderly patients who were the candidates for endoscopy. And the patients requiring endoscopy who had visited Al-Zahra hospital in November of 2015 were selected through census and then they were divided into two groups of control and experimental group. Information gathering tools included personal information questionnaire, assessment of pain intensity the 21-question questionnaire DASS. The research findings showed that in the experimental group the mean of score of anxiety before and after the experiment has been significantly reduced (P=0.023). On the other hand, in the experimental group, the mean of score of stress before and after the experiment was indicative of the fact that the level of stress has been significantly reduced (P<0.001). Also in the experimental group, the mean of score of depression before and after the experiment indicated that the level of depression has not had a significant reduction (P=0.08). Ultimately, the pain intensity has had a significant different in the two groups (P<0.001). Nursing care before endoscopy has an impact on reduction of anxiety, stress and pain of the patients but it has not had an impact on the reduction of patients' depression.
Test and potentialities of a new numerical weather forecasting non-hydrostatic model for hydrology and snowcover simulations

In the framework of the avalanche hazard estimation, Meteo-France has used an automatic suite since the early 1990s which simulates meteorological parameters (SAFRAN), snow cover stratification (Crocus), and avalanche hazard (MEPRA). This system merges several sources of information as different mountainous observation networks and outputs of the French NWP model ARPEGE (about 15 km mesh size). The outputs are provided at various elevations, aspects, and slopes for different mountainous French massifs. However, a new NWP model AROME has been operational since December 2008. This model differs from the previous atmospheric model by its finer resolution of 2.5 km over France and its non-hydrostatic scheme. AROME is thus an interesting tool to anticipate severe weather conditions, heavy precipitation and orography related phenomena. We thus plan to use it soon to improve our current avalanche hazard diagnostics and this study will show the first step of this evaluation process. In this study, we mainly evaluated the AROME model in alpine areas with a focus on "Alpine snow and risk". We first examined precipitation; a key-parameter for snowcover simulations. We compared the daily precipitation forecasted by AROME versus different rainfalls spatialization systems. One of these was the SAFRAN system, specifically developed for mountainous areas, and we focused mainly on 50 measurement reference points in French Alps. All comparisons were made globally over the whole French Alps, but also by dividing the Alps into four sub-areas climatologically homogeneous. The results show an overestimation from 8 to 25% in the AROME fields according to the different references. Secondly, we compared the forecasted AROME moistures that impact the snowpack via the latent heat flux and via the solar and infrared radiation with the occurrence of clouds. On the one hand, the integrated water vapor (IWV), which can be closer to precipitation, was evaluated versus GPS observations. On the other hand, the surface relative humidity was compared versus meteorological measurements and SAFRAN reanalyses. The results showed an overestimation of the surface humidity growing with the altitude (from 2 to 9%) and a deficient diurnal cycle at mid elevation; the integrated water vapor being systematically underestimated. Currently this evaluation continues in focusing on surface temperature.