Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of race and sex on pain management by medical trainees: a mixed methods pilot study of decision making and awareness of influence.

OBJECTIVE Previous research suggests female and black patients receive less optimal treatment for their chronic pain compared with male and white patients. Provider-related factors are hypothesized to contribute to unequal treatment, but these factors have not been examined extensively. This mixed methods investigation examined the influence of patients' demographic characteristics on providers' treatment decisions and providers' awareness of these influences on their treatment decisions. METHODS Twenty medical trainees made treatment decisions (opioid, antidepressant, physical therapy) for 16 virtual patients with chronic low back pain; patient sex and race were manipulated across patients. Participants then indicated from a provided list the factors that influenced their treatment decisions, including patient demographics. Finally, individual interviews were conducted to discuss the role of patient demographics on providers' clinical decisions. RESULTS Individual regression analyses indicated that 30% of participants were reliably influenced by patient sex and 15% by patient race when making their decisions (P < 0.05 or P < 0.10). Group analyses indicated that white patients received higher antidepressant recommendations, on average, than black patients (P < 0.05). Half of the medical trainees demonstrated awareness of the influence of demographic characteristics on their decision making. Participants, regardless of whether they were influenced by patients' demographics, discussed themes related to patient sex and race; however, participants' discussion of patient demographics in the interviews did not always align with their online study results. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest there is a considerable variability in the extent to which medical trainees are influenced by patient demographics and their awareness of these decision making influences.
Radiological reasoning: 88-year-old man with abdominal pain and dilated biliary tree and pancreatic duct.

AJR 2010;194:S46–S50 0361–803X/10/1946–S46 © American Roentgen Ray Society Objective Marked intraand extrahepatic biliary ductal dilatation and a questionable pancreatic mass were incidentally discovered on CT of an 88-year-old man. The most important diseases to be considered in this case scenario are pancreatic adenocarcinoma, ampullary carcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), and chronic pancreatitis. We will focus our review on the dilatation of the biliary and pancreatic ducts and assess each entity separately.
Character-Aware Neural Morphological Disambiguation

We develop a language-independent, deep learning-based approach to the task of morphological disambiguation. Guided by the intuition that the correct analysis should be “most similar” to the context, we propose dense representations for morphological analyses and surface context and a simple yet effective way of combining the two to perform disambiguation. Our approach improves on the language-dependent state of the art for two agglutinative languages (Turkish and Kazakh) and can be potentially applied to other morphologically complex languages.
What to Put on the Table

This paper investigates under which circumstances negotiating simultaneously over multiple issues or assets helps reduce inefficiencies due to the presence of asymmetric information. We find that a simultaneous negotiation over multiple assets that are substitutes reduces inefficiencies. The effect is stronger if goods are heterogeneous, and in this case the inefficiency can be eliminated altogether. When assets are not substitutes inefficiencies always prevail. We also study cases where co-ownership is possible (partnerships), allowing for asymmetric distributions, general valuation functions and for multiple assets. We show that efficient dissolution is possible if all agents valuations at their types where gains of trade are minimal are equal. For this to hold, the agent that most likely has the highest valuation for a given asset should initially own a bigger share of that asset. We discuss implications of these findings for the design of partnerships and joint ventures. JEL classification codes: C72, D82, L14. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
A TOPRIM domain in the crystal structure of the catalytic core of Escherichia coli primase confirms a structural link to DNA topoisomerases.

Primases synthesize short RNA strands on single-stranded DNA templates, thereby generating the hybrid duplexes required for the initiation of synthesis by DNA polymerases. We present the crystal structure of the catalytic unit of a primase enzyme, that of a approximately 320 residue fragment of Escherichia coli primase, determined at 2.9 A resolution. Central to the catalytic unit is a TOPRIM domain that is strikingly similar in its structure to that of corresponding domains in DNA topoisomerases, but is unrelated to the catalytic centers of other DNA or RNA polymerases. The catalytic domain of primase is crescent-shaped, and the concave face of the crescent is predicted to accommodate about 10 base-pairs of RNA-DNA duplex in a loose interaction, thereby limiting processivity.
Baseline IOP predicts selective laser trabeculoplasty success at 1 year post-treatment: results from a randomised clinical trial

Background/aims: The efficacy and safety of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) has been found to be equivalent to argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). Since SLT produces significantly less disturbance to the trabecular meshwork and is theoretically more repeatable than ALT, it has potential to replace ALT as the standard procedure to treat medically uncontrolled open angle glaucoma. This study’s objective is to determine factors that predict successful SLT at 1 year post-treatment. Methods: As part of a randomised clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of SLT to ALT, data on 72 SLT patients were collected, and successful SLT defined as having an SLT induced intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction of ⩾20% at 1 year post-treatment follow up. Results: 43 out of the 72 patients who had completed their 1 year follow up visit had an IOP reduction of ⩾20% from baseline. No glaucoma risk factors studied predicted successful SLT. The amount of trabecular meshwork pigmentation was not a significant predictor. However, it was discovered that baseline IOP strongly predicted SLT success (odds ratio = 1.16; p = 0.0001). Conclusion: SLT success was significantly predicted by baseline IOP but not by age, sex, other glaucoma risk factors, type of open angle glaucoma, or by degree of trabecular meshwork pigmentation.
Translation, cross‐cultural adaptation, and validation of the french version of the 15‐item Myasthenia Gravis Quality Of life scale

Introduction: Evaluation of quality of life (QOL) has become essential in healthcare. Currently no MG‐specific QOL measure exists in French. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the French version of the 15‐Item Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life Scale (MG‐QOL15) scale for French myasthenia patients. Methods: Translation and cross‐cultural adaption of the MG‐QOL15 was performed, followed by reliability and validity evaluations. Results: One hundred and twenty‐five patients were included. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach α = 0.92) as was test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.96). Concurrent validity was good for both clinical scores (myasthenic muscle score: ρ = –0.52, P < 0.001; Myasthenia Gravis–Activities of Daily Living scale score: ρ = 0.62, P < 0.001). Correlations were strongest for overall QOL (ρ = 0.62, P < 0.001) and physical health (ρ = 0.67, P < 0.001) on the World Health Organization Quality of Life short score (WHO‐QOL BREF). Conclusion: The French version of the MG‐QOL15 is valid and reliable and is now available for use with French‐speaking patients. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 55: 639–645, 2017
Design of a Post-Matching Asymmetric Doherty Power Amplifier for Broadband Applications

In this letter, the design of a broadband asymmetric Doherty power amplifier (ADPA) with an 800 MHz (41% fractional) bandwidth is presented. The post-matching structure and low-order impedance transformation networks (ITN) are employed to achieve the broadband performance. Meanwhile, different drain biases on the main and peaking devices are used to run the asymmetric operation. The proposed ADPA shows high-efficiency performance at 8-9 dB output power back-off (OBO) throughout the whole 800 MHz band. The ADPA has been designed and implemented using commercial GaN HEMTs to validate the OBO and broadband characteristics. Maximum output power ranges from 43.7 to 45.2 dBm, 50.4%-56.2% efficiencies at 8-9 dB OBO are measured from 1.55 to 2.35 GHz.
SLAM-associated Protein Deficiency Causes Imbalanced Early Signal Transduction and Blocks Downstream Activation in T Cells from X-linked Lymphoproliferative Disease Patients*

Deficiency of SAP (SLAM (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule)-associated protein) protein is associated with a severe immunodeficiency, the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) characterized by an inappropriate immune reaction against Epstein-Barr virus infection often resulting in a fatal clinical course. Several studies demonstrated altered NK and T cell function in XLP patients; however, the mechanisms underlying XLP disease are still largely unknown. Here, we show that non-transformed T cell lines obtained from XLP patients were defective in several activation events such as IL-2 production, CD25 expression, and homotypic cell aggregation when cells were stimulated via T cell antigen receptor (TCR)·CD3 but not when early TCR-dependent events were bypassed by stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin. Analysis of proximal T cell signaling revealed imbalanced TCR·CD3-induced signaling in SAP-deficient T cells. Although phospholipase Cγ1 phosphorylation and calcium response were both enhanced in T cells from XLP patients, phosphorylation of VAV and downstream signal transduction events such as mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and IL-2 production were diminished. Importantly, reconstitution of SAP expression by retroviral-mediated gene transfer completely restored abnormal signaling events in T cell lines derived from XLP patients. In conclusion, SAP mutation or deletion in XLP patients causes profound defects in T cell activation, resulting in immune deficiency. Moreover, these data provide evidence that SAP functions as an essential integrator in early TCR signal transduction.
Constructing the Personalized Knowledge Map through a Self-Evolved Knowledge Management Model

Most learning resource organization strategies used in learning systems are targeting at public used knowledge spaces, few of them are considered in individualized knowledge organizing and inferring. Even the most popular technologies can not provide cognitive style satisfied knowledge processing because of their limited semantic capabilities. In this paper, we proposed a self-evolved knowledge management model which can construct individualized knowledge maps based on their cognitive styles(learning styles), at the same time can implement the necessary cognitive interventions to learners during their learning processes.
Perspectives of healthcare providers and HIV-affected individuals and couples during the development of a Safer Conception Counseling Toolkit in Kenya: stigma, fears, and recommendations for the delivery of services

ABSTRACT Reproduction is important to many HIV-affected individuals and couples and healthcare providers (HCPs) are responsible for providing resources to help them safely conceive while minimizing the risk of sexual and perinatal HIV transmission. In order to fulfill their reproductive goals, HIV-affected individuals and their partners need access to information regarding safer methods of conception. The objective of this qualitative study was to develop a Safer Conception Counseling Toolkit that can be used to train HCPs and counsel HIV-affected individuals and couples in HIV care and treatment clinics in Kenya. We conducted a two-phased qualitative study among HCPs and HIV-affected individuals and couples from eight HIV care and treatment sites in Kisumu, Kenya. We conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) to assess the perspectives of HCPs and HIV-affected individuals and couples in order to develop and refine the content of the Toolkit. Subsequently, IDIs were conducted among HCPs who were trained using the Toolkit and FGDs among HIV-affected individuals and couples who were counseled with the Toolkit. HIV-related stigma, fears, and recommendations for delivery of safer conception counseling were assessed during the discussions. One hundred and six individuals participated in FGDs and IDIs; 29 HCPs, 49 HIV-affected women and men, and 14 HIV–serodiscordant couples. Participants indicated that a safer conception counseling and training program for HCPs is needed and that routine provision of safer conception counseling may promote maternal and child health by enhancing reproductive autonomy among HIV-affected couples. They also reported that the Toolkit may help dispel the stigma and fears associated with reproduction in HIV-affected couples, while supporting them in achieving their reproductive goals. Additional research is needed to evaluate the Safer Conception Toolkit in order to support its implementation and use in HIV care and treatment programs in Kenya and other HIV endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa.
Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium Guidelines for Reporting Treatment Results in Meniere's Disease

In the July 1985 Bulletin of the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, the Com­ mittee on Hearing and Equilibrium offered its guide­ lines for the reporting of treatment results in Meniere's disease. The guidelines, like the T N M system for can­ cer staging, have as their aim objectivity and clarifi­ cation in the reporting of clinical observations, espe­ cially those observations that follow new treatments in different institutions. Like any system proposed, this one risks misunderstanding and misuse. Inevitably, it also stimulates further debate. Letters to the Committee and to the Editor on this subject have already raised important points in which all of us may share an interest. In this Editorial we would first like to reproduce the guidelines. Then we will follow them up with an illustrative example, pro­ posed at the Committee's recent meeting in Miami Beach, to demonstrate their use. Finally, drawing on comments received, we will touch on several important issues these guidelines have raised.
Brainstem afferents to the torus semicircularis of the Queensland cane toad (Bufo marinus)

The ascending projections to the major midbrain auditory center of anura, the torus semicircularis, have been examined using the technique of retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Localized iontophoretic injections of HRP were made in one torus semicircularis of Queensland cane toads (Bufo marinus). Visualization of HRP‐labeled neurons with tetramethyl benzidine revealed that the torus semicircularis receives its major afferent input from the ipsilateral superior olive. Other prominent projections arise in the contralateral dorsal nucleus of the eighth nerve and the contralateral torus semicircularis. HRP‐labeled neurons were also associated with the lateral lemniscus at a level ventral and lateral to the nucleus isthmi on both sides. It is suggested that these neurons constitute diffuse nuclei of the lateral lemnisci. Relatively minor projections to the torus semicircularis arise in the contralateral superior olive, ipsilateral dorsal nucleus of the eighth nerve, and the ventral division of both the ipsilateral and contralateral eighth nerve nuclei.
Primary and secondary leucocyte changes following the intramuscular injection of epinephrine hydrochloride.

a normal pituitary gland, the functional capacity of the adrenal cortex may be evaluated. Among the clinical syndromes to which the test may be applicable are hypopituitary states (9), Addison's disease (9, 10) and situations in which a low adrenal reserve may be a threat to the survival of the patient, as during surgery (11). In the literature, therefore, two distinctly different "epinephrine tests" are described. The test, as utilized by Doan, is based on the immediate response ("primary phase") of the circulating
Intermediate-density lipoproteins and progression of carotid arterial wall intima-media thickness.

BACKGROUND Although LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is generally accepted to be a major risk factor for progression of atherosclerosis, the traditional measurement of LDL-C includes measurement of IDL. Little is known about the relationship between IDL and progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, we investigated the association of plasma lipoprotein subclasses with progression of preintrusive carotid artery atherosclerosis in the Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression Study (MARS). METHODS AND RESULTS MARS was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled serial arterial imaging trial conducted in subjects 37 to 67 years old with angiographically defined coronary artery disease. Analytical ultracentrifugation was used to determine lipoprotein subclasses, including LDL (Sf 0 to 12), IDL (Sf 12 to 20), VLDL (Sf 20 to 400), and HDL (F1.20 0 to 9) in 188 subjects. Subjects were randomized to a cholesterol-lowering diet plus placebo or lovastatin 80 mg/d. The outcome measure, the annual progression rate of the distal common carotid artery far wall intima-media thickness determined by high resolution B-mode ultrasonography, was determined at baseline and every 6 months on trial. When the major apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins were measured independently, IDL (r=.21, P<.005) but not VLDL (r=-.09, P=.24) or LDL (r=.09, P=.26) was associated with the progression of carotid artery intimamedia thickness. CONCLUSIONS These data provide further evidence for the role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the progression of atherosclerosis and support the evidence that indicates that the risk of atherosclerosis attributable to LDL-C may in part be the result of lipoproteins in the IDL fraction (Sf 12 to 20) that is included within the traditional measurements of LDL-C.
Absence of FDG uptake in a trauma patient with compromised vasculature as evidence of tissue nonviability.

Abstract: A 29-year-old trauma patient underwent operation of revascularization of the injured left popliteal artery and open reduction internal fixation for the left femoral fractures. Subsequently, the patient developed severe pain in the distal left lower extremity. A CT angiogram revealed patent three-vessels of his left lower extremity. However, an FDG PET/CT demonstrated absence of FDG uptake in the left foot, which suggested soft-tissue nonviability. An amputation was performed the following day. The pathologic examination showed wide-spread necrosis of the entire left foot with extensive dry gangrene, which confirmed FDG PET/CT findings.
Vertically-stacked Josephson junctions using YbBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ as a counter electrode for improving uniformity

We have fabricated vertically-stacked interface-treated Josephson junctions using YbBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ (YbBCO) as a counter electrode for improving the uniformity. We used YBCO for the base electrode. Most of the junctions fabricated on one chip exhibited resistively-shunted-junction (RSJ) characteristics. The properties of the junctions at 4.2 K were as follows: J/sub c/=1.0/spl times/10/sup 3/ A/cm/sup 2/ with a 1/spl sigma/ spread of 6.9%, and I/sub c/R/sub n/=0.5 mV with a 1/spl sigma/ spread of 5.4%. These spreads were improved compared with those of junctions with YBCO as a counter electrode. Furthermore, the normal conductance G/sub n/ of the junctions with the YbBCO counter electrode was independent of the temperature. Such characteristics have not been obtained for YBCO vertically-stacked interface-treated junctions. We speculate that this difference is attributed to the lattice mismatch between base-and counter-electrodes.
Australia's Ancient Warriors: Changing Depictions of Fighting in the Rock Art of Arnhem Land, N.T.

Depictions of battle scenes, skirmishes and hand-to-hand combat are rare in hunter-gatherer art and when they do occur most often result from contact with agriculturalist or industrialized invaders. In the Arnhem Land region of the Northern Territory of Australia we have been documenting rare depictions of fighting and are able to show that there has been a long tradition of warrior art. At least three phases have been identified and in each of them groups of hunter-gatherers are shown in combat. The oldest are at least 10,000 years old, and constitute the most ancient depictions of fighting from anywhere in the world, while the newest were produced as recently as early this century. Significantly, a pronounced change in the arrangement of figures began with the second, middle phase — beginning perhaps about 6000 years ago. This appears to be associated with increased social complexity and the development of the highly complicated kinship relationships that persist in Arnhem Land today. Evidence from physical anthropological, archaeological and linguistic studies supports the idea of the early development of a highly organized society of the type more commonly associated with agriculturalists or horticulturalists.
Moebius syndrome in a child and extremity defect in her father

A child with Moebius syndrome and minor extremity anomalies is described. Her father had a transverse defect of the right arm with absence of the radius and ulna just below the elbow but no cranial nerve dysfunction. While possibly unrelated, review of the literature suggests these anomalies may both be part of a single broad spectrum syndrome, perhaps dominantly inherited.