Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obesity and underweight are associated with an increased risk of death after lung transplantation.

RATIONALE Obesity is considered a relative contraindication to lung transplantation, based on studies that have not accounted for key confounders. Little is known about the risk of death for underweight candidates after transplantation. OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of pretransplant obesity and underweight with the risk of death after lung transplantation. METHODS We examined 5,978 adults with cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diffuse parenchymal lung disease who underwent lung transplantation in the United States between 1995 and 2003. We used Cox models and generalized additive models to examine the association between pretransplant body mass index and the risk of death after lung transplantation with adjustment for donor and recipient factors. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The median follow-up time was 4.2 years. Compared with normal weight recipients, the multivariable-adjusted rates of death were 15% higher for underweight recipients (95% confidence interval, 3 to 28%), 15% higher for overweight recipients (95% confidence interval, 6 to 26%), and 22% higher for obese recipients (95% confidence interval, 8 to 39%). These relationships persisted when stratified by diagnosis. The multivariable-adjusted population attributable fraction was 12% at 1 year and 8% at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Both obesity and underweight are independent risk factors for death after lung transplantation, contributing to up to 12% of deaths in the first year after transplantation. Primary care providers and pulmonologists should promote a healthy weight for patients with lung disease long before transplantation is considered.
Cervicothoracic radiculopathy treated using posterior cervical foraminotomy/discectomy.

OBJECT The authors conducted a study to identify the effectiveness and morbidity rate associated with treating cervicothoracic disc disease (radiculopathy) via a posterior approach. METHODS Nineteen patients underwent posterior cervicothoracic laminoforaminotomy during a 5.6-year period. Medical records, imaging studies, office charts, hospital records, and phone interview data were reviewed. Specific information analyzed included patient demographics, side of lesion, and conservative treatment, symptoms, and pre- and postoperative pain levels. Pain was rated using a visual analog scale and classified into a radicular and neck component. Data in 19 patients (seven women and 12 men) who underwent 20 procedures (one patient underwent separate bilateral foraminotomies) were analyzed. The mean patient age was 54.8 years (range 38-73 years), and the follow-up period ranged from 23 to 62 months. Symptom duration ranged from 1 to 14 months (mean 3.4 months) and consisted of weakness, numbness, and painful radiculopathies in 11, 16, and 20 cases, respectively. Motor weakness was identified in 11 of 19 patients (mean grade of 4.35), and postoperatively strength normalized in eight of 11 (mean grade of 4.79). The improvement in motor scores was significant (p = 0.007). Pain was the most common presenting symptom. Preoperative radiculopathies were rated between 0 and 10 (mean 7.45), and postoperatively scores were reduced to 0 to 3 (mean 0.2) which was significant (p < 0.0001). Preoperative neck pain was rated between 0 and 8 (mean 2.55), and on follow up ranged from 0 to 2 (mean 0.5), which was also significant (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Posterior cervicothoracic foraminotomy was a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of patients with laterally located disc herniations.
Antiphytoviral Activity of Essential Oil from Endemic Species Teucrium arduini

The essential oil of Teucrium arduini L. was characterized by a high concentration of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (43.8%) of which β-caryophyllene (19.9%) being the major compound, followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (19.6%) of which caryophyllene-oxide (14.6%) was dominant. When applied to plants of Chenopodium amaranticolor and Ch. quinoa for two successive days prior inoculation, the oil was effective in reducing lesion numbers on plants infected with Tobacco mosaic virus (25.7%) and Cucumber mosaic virus (21.9%). The main components of oil, β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide showed potent antiviral activity against CMV, but weak activity against TMV infection.
Seasonal and Migrant Agricultural Workers: A Neglected Work Force

A desperate need exists to provide occupational health services to migrant and seasonal farm workers in the United States. There are unique challenges related to this endeavor, and the authors have attempted to explain some of the issues that have not been previously discussed in a forthright manner. In doing so, it is likely that some controversy related to the topic has been introduced.
The Impact of Milling and Thermal Processing on Phenolic Compounds in Cereal Grains

Consumption of wholegrain foods has been recommended for healthy diets. The beneficial health properties of wholegrain products have been associated with the presence of higher amounts of dietary fiber and antioxidants and lower calories as compared to their respective refined ones. Phenolic compounds are mainly attributed to antioxidant properties of wholegrain foods. This review article provides a single comprehensive source that describes effects of milling and thermal processing on phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in cereals. In general, milling and pearling processes affect the distribution of phenolic, compounds and thus antioxidant properties vary among the milling fractions. Thermal processes such as baking and extrusion could cause negative or positive effects on phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of the end product subject to grain type and processing conditions. Thus factors that enhance health benefits of wholegrain cereal products have been discussed.
Effects of cinacalcet on bone mineral density in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

BACKGROUND Cinacalcet, a calcimimetic agent, is effective in treating both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Because hyperparathyroidism induces mineralized bone loss, we investigated the effects of cinacalcet treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease. METHODS Ten patients who were receiving haemodialysis and four patients, who had stage 4 chronic kidney disease participated and completed the multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of cinacalcet for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism. The efficacy of cinacalcet was assessed by plasma intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels. A dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to measure the BMD of total proximal femurs and lumbar spine (L2-L4) before and after 26 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Cinacalcet reduced iPTH from 912+/-296 to 515+/-359 pg/ml in haemodialysis patients and from 210+/-46 to 56+/-51 pg/ml in pre-dialysis patients (means+/-SD; both P<0.05). When data from haemodialysis and pre-dialysis patients were pooled for analysis, cinacalcet treatment increased proximal femur BMD from 0.945+/-0.169 to 0.961+/-0.174 g/cm(2) (P<0.05), but did not affect lumbar spine BMD. There was a correlation between the change in femur BMD and the change in iPTH during the study period (R(2) = 0.39, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with progressive bone loss. Suppression of plasma iPTH with cinacalcet appears to reverse bone loss in the proximal femur, but does not affect BMD of the lumbar spine. A larger study is warranted to confirm that cinacalcet has a beneficial effect on the skeletal system in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
On reducing the decoding complexity of shingled magnetic recording system

On Reducing the Decoding Complexity of Shingled Magnetic Recording System Nadia Awad Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) has been recognised as one of the alternative technologies to achieve an areal density beyond the limit of the perpendicular recording technique, 1 Tb/in2, which has an advantage of extending the use of the conventional method media and read/write head. This work presents SMR system subject to both Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter Track Interference (ITI) and investigates different equalisation/detection techniques in order to reduce the complexity of this system. To investigate the ITI in shingled systems, one-track one-head system model has been extended into two-track one-head system model to have two interfering tracks. Consequently, six novel decoding techniques have been applied to the new system in order to find the Maximum Likelihood (ML) sequence. The decoding complexity of the six techniques has been investigated and then measured. The results show that the complexity is reduced by more than three times with 0.5 dB loss in performance. To measure this complexity practically, perpendicular recording system has been implemented in hardware. Hardware architectures are designed for that system with successful Quartus II fitter which are: Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) channel, digital filter equaliser with and without Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and ideal channel architectures. Two different hardware designs are implemented for Viterbi Algorithm (VA), however, Quartus II fitter for both of them was unsuccessful. It is found that, Simulink/Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Builder based designs are not efficient for complex algorithms and the eligible solution for such designs is writing Hardware Description Language (HDL) codes for those algorithms. i To my beloved Mother and sister; Fatin for their support, encouragement and constant love
Comparison Different Types of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Cold Stress

In order to investigate of fifteen wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) with winter, facultative and spring growth types to cold stress, two laboratory and field experiments were organized in 2011-12. Arranging of green house and field experiments were Completely Randomized Design with five replications and Randomized Complete Blocks Design at three planting dates, respectively. Spring and facultative growth types had the highest and lowest ion leakage. At six leaves stage winter type genotypes including Saison, Marton, Gaskogen, C-82-12, C-81-14, with Alvand, Mahdavi and Zarrin facultative type had in vegetative growth, but Shiraz, Pishtaz, M-79-7, M-81-13 and Kavir spring type with two facultative genotypes of Marvdasht and Tus entered to generative stage and had sensitive to cold. Spring type of genotypes was minimum grain yield and its components. Facultative growth type of genotypes had more plant height and total dry matter. The minimum ion leakage, lethal temperature (LT50=-35C), and maximum grain yield and total dry matter was allocated for C-8212 genotype. In contrast, M-79-7 genotype had the opposite values. Spike per square meter had positive correlation with grain yield. Having negative correlation of ion leakage with total dry matter and grain yield could be used as an indirect criterion for screening of tolerant genotypes. With increasing potassium accumulation in plant, ion leakage decreased and was tolerant to cold stress. It is concluded that genotype, stage and growth type, vernalization necessity, were important for evaluating of genotypes to cold tolerance.
Toxoplasmosis Transmitted by Blood Transfusions

Blood from humans collected into heparin or citrate was inoculated with toxoplasma organisms. After storage at 4 C up to 28 days, samples were injected into the ear veins of rabbits. The test rabbits developed toxoplasmosis. Similar results were obtained by transfusing rabbits with blood obtained from rabbits sub‐cutaneously injected with toxoplasma organisms.
The Industrialization of Invention: A Case Study from the German Chemical Industry

IN THE LAST DECADES of the nineteenth century the relationship between science and industry changed in a decisive way. Invention was industrialized. Large company laboratories were set up. The consulting scientist and the scientific entrepreneur were replaced by the salaried industrial research worker. Applied science became a driving force for technical development and economic growth. ' The German chemical industry has often served as the outstanding example of an early science-based enterprise. In particular, it has become commonplace to stress the importance of research for the rise to world supremacy of German dye manufacturers. But while this truism has been readily accepted, the manner in which science was turned into a productive force has not been subject to detailed investigation. "Because it turns out, ex post," Paul M. Hohenberg wrote in 1967, "that the gamble was a good one for the chemical industry in 19th-century Europe, identifying the sources of the industry's growth reduces largely to finding the factors affecting the decisions to take the gamble. " The prevalence of this attitude has meant that apart from the work of John J. Beer, little is known about industrial research in the German chemical industry up to 1914.2 The first small dyestuffs firms were founded in several western European countries in the late 1850s and early 1860s. Although the number of workers employed and the amount of capital invested always remained small as compared with older ventures such as textiles, coal, or iron, the rise of the dye industry was remarkable in at least two ways. First, dye manufacturing was the prototype of a new type of industry based on science. Second, Germany dominated the manufacture of dye-
Medical services provided at the Olympic Village polyclinic during the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Games.

Doctor Reeser, a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physician, is with Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wis. Doctor Willick, also a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physician, and Doctor Elstad, a Pulmonary Medicine Physician, are with the University of Utah Health Sciences Center in Salt Lake City, Utah. Address correspondence to Jonathan Reeser, MD, PhD, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Marshfield Clinic, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, Wis 54449; 715.387. 5327; fax 715.387. 5776; e-mail reeser.jonathan@marshfieldclinic.org INTRODUCTION Since being established by Pierre de Coubertin in 1896, the modern Olympic Games have grown into the single largest sporting event in the world. Every 2 years people from around the world gather in the spirit of Olympism. Olympic disciplines are contested every 4 years, but are set up to overlap so that the Olympic Games occur every 2 years, alternating between the summer events and the winter events. Although many of the participants have no realistic chance of winning a medal, they still compete with passion for the sake of competition, and to bring honor to themselves and to their nations. The athletes taking part in the Olympic Games represent the best athletic talent of their respective countries, and it is therefore a tremendous honor and responsibility for the host organizing committee to attend to their safety and security while they are participating in the Games. As part of this responsibility, comprehensive medical services must be provided for the athletes and their respective national delegations, in case of injury or illness. Although many of the wealthier countries in the Olympic family of nations can afford to bring teams of well-trained and well-equipped medical personnel to attend to their athletes, most of the athletes participating do not have that luxury. Indeed, it is well known that athletes and delegates from other nations often seek elective care during the Games since expert medical assistance and advanced health care technology are readily available at no cost to the athletes or members of their delegation.
An analysis of 5 “stomach cancer families” in the State of Utah

T WAS APPARENTLY well known to some of I his associates that, upon learning of tlie cause of his father’s death, Napoleon Bonaparte acquired the fear that hc was destined to die of stomach cancer.10 His grandfather, Joseph Bonaparte, had died at the age of‘ 40 of “suspected” cancer of the stomach, and when his father, Charles Bonaparte, died at the age of 39 from scirrhous carcinoma of the pylorus, Kapoleon apparently became convinced that a hereditary predisposition to the disease was present in his family. While in exile on St. Helena, before his death he stated that he knew he was dying of tlie same disease as that his father had had, and, while in delirium and near death (at the age of 52) , he kept repeating “Pylorus . my father’s pylorus. ”S The fear that gastric cancer was a familial disease was also present among some of his brothers and sisters.8 Although the exact nature of Napoleon’s gastric illness was not determined, all of the physicians present a t the autopsy agreed that the cause of death was adenocarcinoma in the pyloric region of the stomach.10 Stomach cancer was also suspected as the cause of death tor 3 of his sisters and 1 of his brothers. Three other brothers died of other causes.8 In addition to the Bonaparte family, other “slomach cancer families” have been described in the literature. Paulsen, in 1924,e presented 1 family in which the father, mother, and 6 childreri died of gastric cancer and another family in which the mother and 5 children died of this dkease. A kindred showing a high incidence of cancer oF the stomach has recently been studied by Macklh3 Five cases of cancer of the stomach occllrred in 1 sibship. Four cases of gastric cancer and 5 cases of cancer of
Relationship Between GABA Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Seizure Excitability

Abstract: Various studies suggest that alterations in GABAergic function may be connected to epileptic seizures. Low CSF GABA levels have been reported in epilepsy and also febrile convulsions of children. In this study the pentet‐razole seizure threshold of dogs was compared with the concentration of GABA in the CSF and blood plasma. A highly significant positive correlation was found between seizure excitability and CSF GABA level, but not between CSF and plasma GABA concentrations.
Predominant microflora associated with human dental periapical abscesses

The microflora of periapical abscesses of teeth free of periodontal disease was studied. Permucosal aspiration of abscess contents and anaerobic cultural, microscopic, and biochemical techniques indicated a mixed but somewhat specific and relatively limited facultative and obligate anaerobic flora with Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus mitis as a frequent pair.
Hemodynamic response function abnormalities in schizophrenia during a multisensory detection task

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response has commonly been used to investigate the neuropathology underlying cognitive and sensory deficits in patients with schizophrenia (SP) by examining the positive phase of the BOLD response, assuming a fixed shape for the hemodynamic response function (HRF). However, the individual phases (positive and post‐stimulus undershoot (PSU)) of the HRF may be differentially affected by a variety of underlying pathologies. The current experiment used a multisensory detection task with a rapid event‐related fMRI paradigm to investigate both the positive and PSU phases of the HRF in SP and healthy controls (HC). Behavioral results indicated no significant group differences during task performance. Analyses that examined the shape of the HRF indicated two distinct group differences. First, SP exhibited a reduced and/or prolonged PSU following normal task‐related positive BOLD activation in secondary auditory and visual sensory areas relative to HC. Second, SP did not show task‐induced deactivation in the anterior node of the default‐mode network (aDMN) relative to HC. In contrast, when performing traditional analyses that focus on the positive phase, there were no group differences. Interestingly, the magnitude of the PSU in secondary auditory and visual areas was positively associated with the magnitude of task‐induced deactivation within the aDMN, suggesting a possible common neural mechanism underlying both of these abnormalities (failure in neural inhibition). Results are consistent with recent views that separate neural processes underlie the two phases of the HRF and that they are differentially affected in SP. Hum Brain Mapp 37:745–755, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Substantive bias in the learning of harmony patterns

of the phonetic content (substantive bias) of the patterns have been shown to exist. (Moreton 2008, Carpenter 2010). In regards to the substantive content of phonological patterns, some patterns can be shown to be better phonetically grounded than others. Often, phonetically grounded patterns are also widely attested, but this is not always the case. The experiments in this paper compare anteriority harmony, which is phonetically grounded and well attested, with voicing harmony, which is less well grounded and also typologically rare. The results of these experiments show that the anteriority harmony is better learned than the voicing harmony. In this case, the learnability, phonetic grounding, and typological attestation of these two patterns are all in line with each other. These two formally identical patterns dier only in the feature being harmonized, yet one of them is easier to learn. This asymmetry supports a substantive bias in learnability.
Characterization and Physical Stability of Spray Dried Solid Dispersions of Probucol and PVP-K 30

The main purpose of this study was to obtain stable, wellcharacterized solid dispersions (SDs) of amorphous probucol and polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 (PVP-K30) with improved dissolution rates. A secondary aim was to investigate the flow-through dissolution method for in-vitro dissolution measurements of small-sized amorphous powders dispersed in a hydrophilic polymer. SDs were prepared by spray drying solutions of probucol and different amounts of PVP-K30. The obtained SDs were characterized by dissolution rate measurements in a flow-through apparatus, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), particle sizing (laser diffraction) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Method (BET) and results were compared with starting material and a physical mixture. The physical stability was monitored after storage at 25oC and 60% RH for up to 12 weeks. The flowthrough method was found suitable as dissolution method. All SDs showed improved in-vitro dissolution rates when compared to starting material and physical mixtures. The greatest improvement in the in-vitro dissolution rate was observed for the highest polymer to drug ratio. By means of the results from XRPD and DSC, it was argued that the presence of amorphous probucol improved the dissolution rate, but the amorphous state could not fully account for the difference in dissolution profiles between the SDs. It was suggested that the increase in surface area due to the reduction in particle size contributed to an increased dissolution rate as well as the presence of PVP-K30 by preventing aggregation and drug re-crystallization and by improving wettability during dissolution. The stabilizing effect of the polymer was verified in the solid state, as all the SDs retained probucol in the amorphous state throughout the entire length of the stability study.