Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gestion des contraintes dans la résolution de problèmes de conception

On connait bien certains des processus cognitifs invoques dans l'activite de conception : mise en œuvre de plans descendants, organisation opportuniste de la resolution du probleme, transformations des representations de l'artefact au sein d'une hierarchie d'abstraction, evocation de schemas et reutilisation de solutions analogues. La gestion de contraintes est egalement un processus crucial de l'activite de conception, mais on connait mal encore ses conditions de mise en œuvre et son role dans la resolution du probleme. Cette recherche precise les representations qui sont associees a la contrainte et les traitements qui lui sont appliques. Une investigation experimentale conduite dans le domaine de la conception de reseaux informatiques met en evidence qu'il est utile de formaliser la contrainte comme une relation de dependance entre parametres de l'artefact. On montre que les deux tiers des variables des protocoles sont impliquees dans l'expression de contraintes. Les concepteurs manipulent essentiellement deux types de contraintes : (i) des contraintes qui prennent naissance dans les donnees initiales du probleme et qui generent des traits structurels ou physiques de l'artefact (environ 40% des contraintes); (ii) des contraintes qui mettent en relation les traits de solution structurels ou physiques entre eux (environ 25%). On fait apparaitre que les contraintes sont presque toutes organisees en reseaux dont la complexite excede rarement une dizaine de contraintes. Ces reseaux sont structures en faisceaux convergeant directement de la formulation des specifications initiales vers la particularisation d'un trait structurel de l'artefact. On montre par ailleurs que la satisfaction des contraintes est generalement immediatement realisee. Le choix de la valeur d'une contrainte est arrete de plusieurs facons : (i) le domaine de valeurs est prealablement reduit par le jeu de contraintes.
DETERMINAN PERTUMBUHAN LABA PERUSAHAAN PERDAGANGAN ECERAN BERDASARKAN RASIO KEUANGAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Tujuan penelitian - Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah rasio-rasio keuangan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan laba perusahaan perdagangan eceran pada Bursa Efek Indonesia baik secara simultan maupun parsial.Desain penelitian – Populasi penelitian adalah perusahaan-perusahaan yang tergabung dalam Sektor Perdagangan Jasa dan Investasi Sub Sektor Perdagangan Eceran di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel adalah 14 perusahaan dengan 52 data. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan dari tahun 2014 sampai dengan 2017. Variabel penelitian terdiri dari pertumbuhan laba sebagai variabel terikat dan rasio keuangan sebagai variabel bebas, Variabel bebas terdiri dari current asset, debt to asset ratio, retun on asset dan total asset turnover. Teknik analisis data adalah statistik deskriptif, regresi linear berganda, koefisien korelasi, koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis dengan uji F dan uji t. Temuan – Penelitian ini menghasilkan 1)secara simultan, rasio-rasio keuangan yang terdiri dari current ratio, debt to asset ratio, return on asset dan total asset turnover berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan laba perusahaan perdagangan eceran pada Bursa Efek Indonesia 2)secara parsial, current ratio dan debt to asset ratio berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan laba perusahaan perdagangan eceran pada Bursa Efek Indonesia 3)secara parsial, return on asset dan total asset turnover berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan laba perusahaan perdagangan eceran pada Bursa Efek Indonesia.Keterbatasan penelitian - Keterbatasan penelitian ini adalah periode pengamatan hanya 4 tahun sehingga menghasilkan keterbatasan jumlah sampel dan data observasi.Value – Penelitian ini memperkuat hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya dengan penggunaan variabel yang sama tetapi obyek dan periode pengamatan yang berbeda sehingga memperkaya pembahasan dengan topik yang sama.Keywords : pertumbuhan laba, current ratio, debt to asset ratio, return on asset, total asset turnover
The use of analysis of variance to examine the variations between samples of marine bacterial populations.

Studies were made of the variations in the numbers of viable bacteria in Cardigan Bay seawater as estimated using the spread-plate technique and various marine agar media, the results being examined using analysis of variance. Use of duplicated 500 ml sample bottles enabled the detection of statistically significant variations between samples both in terms of numbers of viable bacteria present and their different responses to different counting media, but an important micro-distribution was also indicated. Further studies showed large differences between 25 ml samples taken 10 cm apart: these could not be explained in terms of cell aggregation as presently understood.
Predictors of end stage lung disease in a cohort of patients with scleroderma

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of severe lung disease in patients with scleroderma and identify the combination(s) of features present at first assessment which would be useful to predict future risk of severe lung disease. Methods: Data were analysed on 561 patients with disease onset occurring on or after 1 January 1982 and disease duration of less than five years before the first assessment. Detailed clinical and laboratory assessments were undertaken at the initial visit. End stage lung disease was defined as pulmonary hypertension requiring continuous ambulatory iloprost, or pulmonary fibrosis requiring continuous oxygen, or death from a scleroderma related lung disease. Patient status was determined at 31 December 1997. The best subset of predictors was identified by Cox regression analysis. Results: In all, 24 patients reached end stage lung disease. The cumulative incidences were 4%, 6%, and 12% at five, seven, and 14 years respectively. As expected, the lung function tests at baseline, including being in the lowest third of either diffusing lung capacity (hazard ratio (HR) = 18.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5 to 93.8) or of forced vital capacity (HR=4.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 15.2), were highly significant predictors of end stage lung disease. Interestingly, apart from the presence of proteinuria, none of the other baseline variables, including the extent of skin disease and serological markers, were predictive of severe lung disease. Conclusion: End stage lung disease was infrequent in this large cohort, but the cumulative incidence increased importantly with time. The risk can be predicted from baseline assessment of pulmonary function. In particular, those with normal pulmonary function at baseline are at very low risk.
Growth of Filamentous Fungi in Submerged Culture: Problems and Possible Solutions

ABSTRACT: Filamentous fungi are important organisms industrially and continue to attract research interest as microbiologists attempt to overcome the problems associated with their behavior in submerged culture. This review critically examines the literature describing these problems and where available suggests possible solutions to them. The influence of the chemical and physical environment on culture morphology, the process engineering challenges presented by different fungal morphologies, and the relationship between fungal morphology and metabolite production are all discussed.
Infrastructure investments for improved market access in subSaharan Africa: A CGE analysis

Many governments adopt agricultural policies that affect production incentives across commodities. In addition, severe market failures in the form of high marketing margins often lower the prices that farmers receive. Yet the impacts of excessive market-access costs for farmers has not been sufficiently analysed, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using the newly available FAO/MAFAP dataset, we augment the GTAP model with domestic support and border protection, as well as data on market development gaps (MDGs) in selected SSA countries. We undertake several policy simulations to explore the impacts of changes in excessively high marketing costs. Our findings indicate that addressing MDGs can bring positive overall benefits, with particularly strong gains accruing to sectors and countries with very negative MDGs, such as the non-traditional crops in Ethiopia. In other cases, reducing positive MDGs, which operate as protection of certain sectors from imports, is projected to lead to a decline in exports and output, such as in the case of Ethiopian oilseeds.
Intangible resources influencing the international performance of professional service SMEs in an emerging market: Evidence from India

The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the relationships between the drivers of economic growth in emerging markets to include entrepreneurial orientation (EO), human capital (HC), relational capital (RC), and international performance (IP). ,Data were collected from 199 small- to medium-sized Indian professional service entrepreneurs that employ less than 500 employees and engage in international business. Given the multidimensional nature of IP, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the measurement and substantive models. ,SEM and mediation tests confirmed significant relationships among the constructs in the model and indicated that HC can be leveraged for international growth using RC to deliver new professional services across borders. EO, the strongest predictor, along with HC and RC, directly influenced IP. The effect of HC is mediated by an EO and RC. ,By design, only successful professional service firms in India were studied, which limited generalizability. ,Entrepreneurs can enhance the likelihood of international expansion success by utilizing highly skilled HC and developing strong network relationships. Entrepreneurial managers should leverage their professional service resources through judicious investments in personnel and relationship-building skills to develop RC. ,This study examined entrepreneurial professional HC and RC as related to international entrepreneurship emerging market research. Data collection in India contributes to empirical research on internationalization from emerging markets.
Immunologic and Virologic Outcomes of Obese and Nonobese Incarcerated Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection

Background: Obesity is common among patients with HIV. The objective of this study was to characterize response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a cohort of obese incarcerated adults compared to a nonobese cohort. Methods: A retrospective matched cohort study was conducted in an HIV telemedicine clinic. Patients with body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2 who received the same ART with >95% adherence for at least 6 months were matched to nonobese patients by age, gender, ART, CD4 count, and viral load at baseline. Results: Twenty pairs were included, with an average BMI of 24 kg/m2 in the nonobese cohort and 35 kg/m2 in the obese cohort. No difference was observed in the proportion of patients who achieved virologic suppression or the change in CD4 count from baseline to 6 to 12 months. Conclusion: This study revealed no differences in immunologic recovery or virologic suppression between obese and nonobese patients in an adult correctional population.
Determinants and Economic Consequences of Signing Auditor Turnover: A Large-Scale Study from China REPORT

This study investigates why auditors leave one audit firm (and bring their clients) to another and the consequences of such turnover. Using a Chinese sample of 470 auditor-years with turnovers and 7,485 auditor-years without such turnovers from 2001 to 2014, we find that auditors’ professional competency is positively associated with a departure decision in additional to their demographics. Specifically, younger auditors, auditors who are industry specialists, and auditors who audit more clients and have better education background, are more likely to move, suggesting that “rising stars” in the accounting industry are more likely to move from one audit firm to another. However, female auditors, older auditors, and auditors with established status in the current audit firm are less likely to do so. Interestingly, Big 4 signing auditors in China are less likely to move relative to non-Big 4 auditors. We also find that auditors with lower audit quality are less likely to move from one audit firm to another, suggesting that the job market is penalizing auditors for bad quality audits. In terms of consequences, we find that the audit firm is more likely to lose clients whose incumbent auditor moves to another audit firm and it tends to lower audit fees for clients that stay with the audit firm, assign better auditors to them, and treat them more leniently. Our study provides insights that should be of interest to the audit profession, audit firms, and regulators.
Differentiation of Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron by means of bacteriophage

Two members of the Bacteroides fragilis group, B. ovatus and B. thetaiotaomicron, are difficult to distinguish by biochemical methods. They are currently identified on the basis of their variable ability to ferment salicin. We studied a method of identification for these two species by using cell lysis by bacteriophages. A total of 38 bacteriophages were used to distinguish the two species. Identification by bacteriophages was compared with species identification by prereduced anaerobically sterilized biochemical testing with salicin as the differentiating test. A total of 215 clinical isolates biochemically identified as B. ovatus or B. thetaiotaomicron were tested. A total of 100% of the strains identified as B. ovatus by bacteriophages produced strong acid in salicin (pH less than or equal to 5.4). However, 40% of the strains identified as B. thetaiotaomicron by bacteriophages also produced strong acid in salicin, and an additional 39% produced weak acid (pH 5.5 to 5.7). This study demonstrates that salicin fermentation is an inadequate test for the differentiation of B. ovatus and B. thetaiotaomicron.
Linking Entrepreneurial Orientation To Knowledge’S Exploitation

The processes for exploitation of knowledge became an essential element for firms to adapt to changes in the competitive environment. The exploitation of this knowledge should be undertaken with proactivity, innovation and risk-taking. Building on well established theories, our research explores the influence of entrepreneurial orientation in exploitation of knowledge of Portuguese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of footwear associated to the Portuguese Footwear, Components and Leather Goods Association (APICCAPS). Based on survey data from 42 firms, and employing the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique, our empirical results indicate that the entrepreneurial orientation’s dimensions that have a positive and significant influence on knowledge’s exploitation are innovation and risk-taking, and that on the contrary proactiveness has a negative and a not significant influence on it.
Sensitivity and tolerance to autonomic effects of ethanol in adolescent and adult rats during repeated vapor inhalation sessions.

BACKGROUND It is during adolescence that most drinkers initiate ethanol intake, with some of this use being excessive. One possible contributor to the increased ethanol consumption often seen during adolescence in humans and in various animal models is age differences in ethanol sensitivity and tolerance. The present study examined the impact of age on ethanol-related alterations in the autonomic nervous system. METHODS Sensitivity to the initial ethanol challenge and chronic tolerance as well as acute and protracted withdrawal-like phenomena were assessed in male adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats, using implanted telemetry probes with ethanol delivered via vapor inhalation. RESULTS Both ages showed similar ethanol-induced tachycardia and activity suppression; however, adolescents were found to be more sensitive than adults to the hypothermic effect of ethanol, data opposite other results from our laboratory and elsewhere using intragastric intubations or intraperitoneal administrations of ethanol. Although little tolerance to ethanol's tachycardic or activity suppressant effects was seen after repeated ethanol inhalation sessions, chronic tolerance to ethanol's hypothermic effect developed faster in adults than in adolescents. A withdrawal-like syndrome, characterized by bradycardia and hypoactivity, typically emerged during the dark phase of the diurnal cycle after ethanol vapor exposure sessions. These effects were observed in animals of both ages, with the bradycardic effect more pronounced in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to results indicating that adolescents may be less sensitive than adults to ethanol's hypothermic effect when ethanol is administered via bolus injection/intubation, adolescents appear more sensitive and develop tolerance to ethanol's hypothermic effects more slowly than adults when ethanol is administered at a more moderate rate via vapor inhalation.
The complications of chronic otitis media: report of 93 cases

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, mortality and morbidity of complications due to chronic otitis media (COM). During the nine-year period 1990–1999, 2890 cases of COM were reviewed, 93 (3.22 per cent) having 57 (1.97 per cent) intracranial complications (IC) and 39 (1.35 per cent) extracranial complications (EC). In three patients more than one complication was observed. Meningitis and brain abscess were common in the IC group. Subperiosteal abscess (mastoid and Bezold’s abscess) was a common complication in the EC group. Cholesteatoma and granulation/polyp in the middle ear/mastoid were the major findings in both groups. Fifteen patients died from IC. Overall, the mortality rate was 16.1 per cent in all patients having complications, and in patients with IC it was 26.3 per cent. In all of the patients with complications, the morbidity rate was 11.8 per cent. Our study supports the finding that meningitis and brain abscess are the common complications of COM and the main reason for mortality.
Association of Organizational Attributes With Human Resource Disclosure: Evidence From Bangladeshi Banks

This paper aims to investigate the extent to which organizational attributes are associated with the human resource disclosure of banking organizations. Content analysis is used to collect the data from annual reports available on the bank’s website and unweighted disclosure index is employed to record the score of HR items. Descriptive statistics is used to analyse the extent of HR disclosure and multiple linear regression model is carried out to analyse the impact of the determinants including length of service, size of the bank, profitability, total number of employees and total number of pages on the explained variable. The study endorses that the highest reported item is the description of the staff whereas the least reported item is the performance of the employee. The result approves that only two attributes including the profitability of the banks and the total number of pages of the annual reports are significantly and positively associated with the level of human resource disclosure of banks. But the other attributes including length of service, size of the bank and total number of employees have no significant impact on HR disclosure.
p16INK4a expression in actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease

Background Progression of cutaneous squamous neoplasms from actinic keratosis (AK) to Bowen's disease (BD; squamous cell carcinoma in situ) has important implications for clinical management and treatment, thus requiring accurate diagnosis. p16INK4a is a cell cycle regulatory tumour suppressor protein that negatively regulates D‐type cyclins in the G1 cell cycle phase via intimate interplay with the retinoblastoma gene. Expression of a paraffin‐reactive p16INK4a marker has recently been shown to increase in cervical squamous neoplasms as lesions progress from low‐grade dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma in situ. p16INK4a expression in the progression of squamous cutaneous neoplasia, however, has not been evaluated.
Risk Factors Predicting Positive Margins at Primary Wide Local Excision of Cutaneous Melanoma

BACKGROUND A small percentage of patients will have positive histological margins after primary wide local excision (WLE) of cutaneous melanoma (CM). Risk factors that predict marginal involvement at WLE remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with positive margins after WLE of CM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of patients treated at a single institution for CM with sentinel lymph node biopsy from 1997 to 2011 was conducted. RESULTS Positive margins occurred in 6% of patients. Patients with positive margins were older (72.4 vs 60.7, p < .001), had thicker tumors (3.6 vs 1.9 mm, p < .001), and often involved the head and neck region (p < .001). Patients with positive margins at WLE had positive margins on initial biopsy (p = .012) and a higher rate of a melanoma in situ component on initial biopsy (24% vs 11%, p = .02). The 5-year local recurrence rate was significantly different between those with positive and negative margins at WLE (16.0% vs 6.9%; p = .047). CONCLUSION Positive margins after WLE are uncommon. When a patient has multiple risk factors for positive margins at WLE, histologically clear margins should be obtained through mapped serial excision or Mohs micrographic surgery.
Space-invariant achromatic grating interferometers: theory.

A general analysis of an n-grating interferometer under various conditions of illumination is presented, where n = 1,. ,4. Conditions for fringe localization and effects of misalignment are given. The lesser known phenomenon of the imaging of a grating by a second grating is described from which the fringe forming capacity of multiple-grating interferometers stems; this can occur regardless of the coherence of the source.
Use of Yeast Spores for Microencapsulation of Enzymes

ABSTRACT Here, we report a novel method to produce microencapsulated enzymes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae spores. In sporulating cells, soluble secreted proteins are transported to the spore wall. Previous work has shown that the spore wall is capable of retaining soluble proteins because its outer layers work as a diffusion barrier. Accordingly, a red fluorescent protein (RFP) fusion of the α-galactosidase, Mel1, expressed in spores was observed in the spore wall even after spores were subjected to a high-salt wash in the presence of detergent. In vegetative cells, however, the cell wall cannot retain the RFP fusion. Although the spore wall prevents diffusion of proteins, it is likely that smaller molecules, such as sugars, pass through it. In fact, spores can contain much higher α-galactosidase activity to digest melibiose than vegetative cells. When present in the spore wall, the enzyme acquires resistance to environmental stresses including enzymatic digestion and high temperatures. The outer layers of the spore wall are required to retain enzymes but also decrease accessibility of the substrates. However, mutants with mild spore wall defects can retain and stabilize the enzyme while still permitting access to the substrate. In addition to Mel1, we also show that spores can retain the invertase. Interestingly the encapsulated invertase has significantly lower activity toward raffinose than toward sucrose. This suggests that substrate selectivity could be altered by the encapsulation.