Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Declarative Memory Model of Evaluative Conditioning

I propose a Declarative Memory Model (DMM) of evaluative conditioning (EC). EC effects are changes in the valence of a conditioned stimulus (CS) due to previous pairings with a positive or negative unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., De Houwer, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600006491). According to the DMM, EC effects are found if (1) a memory trace is formed in the learning phase that links the CS to evaluative information from the US, if (2) this trace survives the retention interval, if (3) the trace or part of it is consciously retrieved when the CS is being evaluated, and if (4) the retrieved trace is used in the CS evaluation. For each of these stages, I make separate predictions about EC effects, many of which are based on empirical research on declarative memory. Where available, I report and discuss empirical evidence on EC that speaks to these hypotheses. The available empirical evidence is largely in line with the predictions of the DMM. Several predictions, however, have yet to be tested and some findings are ambiguous. While the DMM specifies conditions under which CS-US pairings should lead to a valence change, it does not deny the possibility that other processes might lead to a change in attitude as well. Advantages of the DMM are its foundation on declarative memory research, its applicability for attitude change effects in general, and its suitability for predictions of EC effects in the real world.
Contribution of Planting Space and Harvesting Period on the Nutrient Compositions of Some OFSP Sweet Potato Varieties Grown in Southeast Nigeria Ultisol

Two varieties of OFSP (Ex-Igbariam and Umuspo 3) planted at 20 cm x 1m, 30 cm x 1m and 40 cm x 1m and harvested after 12th and 16th weeks were analyzed for nutrient compositions. The statistical analysis showed wide variations in their proximate, mineral, vitamin and chemical contents. Moisture and protein contents were higher in 12th week of harvest than at 16th week irrespective of planting distance. Ash, fat, fibre and carbohydrate contents were higher at 16th week of harvest irrespective of the planting distance. Specifically, Umuspo 3 was higher in moisture and fat values while Ex-Igbariam was higher in ash, fibre, protein and carbohydrate. Calcium and vitamin C were higher at 12th week of harvest, while magnesium, potassium and vitamin B6 were higher at 16th week of harvest. Specifically, vitamin B6, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium were higher in some Ex-Igbariam lines especially in V4S3 than in Umuspo 3 lines. The chemical results showed that alpha amylase was higher in Ex-Igbariam V4S2 at 16th week of harvest while reducing sugar was higher in Umuspo 3 V1S1at 12th week of harvest. Total carbohydrate was higher in Umuspo 3 V1S1at 12th and 16th weeks of harvest. The general results indicates that the proximate, minerals, vitamin and chemical compositions of most of the variety lines were richer at 16th than at 12th week of harvest irrespective of planting distance. While 40 cm planting distance in V4S3 (Ex-Igbariam) gave higher yield of proximate, mineral, vitamin and chemical parameters, Umuspo 3 did not maintain a particular trend. Ex-Igbariam variety showed higher nutrient values than Umuspo 3 and may be recommended as a nutrient dense sweet potato staple for better nutrition.
Generosity in bargaining: Fair or fear?

Are "generous" bargaining offers made out of fairness or in fear of rejection? We disentangle risk and social references by analyzing experimental behavior in three majority bargaining games: (1) a random-proposer game with infinite time horizon; 2) a one round proposer game with disagreement payoffs equal to the infinite horizon continuation payoffs; and, (3) a demand commitment game. Inequity aversion predicts very differently across these games, but risk aversion does not. Observed strategies violate neither stationarity nor truncation consistency. This allows us to use structural models of bargaining behavior to estimate the latent type shares of subjects with CES, inequity averse, and Prospect theoretic preferences. The Prospect theoretic, i.e. reference-dependent, model of utility explains the observations far better than any mixture of alternative models.
The role of spontaneous construction for post-disaster housing

Housing is crucial for living and well-being. Due to its vulnerability, one of the most severe consequences after natural disasters has been the destruction of houses, causing impressive numbers of homeless people. After those situations, it is imperative to start the reconstruction works and the provision of houses is a crucial task, since they can help to restore the livelihoods of the affected people. The urgency to supply housing quickly, has lead the formal construction sector to neglect user’s needs and expectations, and consequently has not conducted to successful solutions. Contrary to that, informal housing solutions have reached successful results in addressing the user’s cultural needs and expectations. Some studies have presented the advantages of spontaneous construction solutions, yet they seem to be ignored and contradicted by the formal construction sector. This study aims to present an assessment of the potentials of spontaneous construction solutions for post-disaster housing development.
A heat conduction problem of 2D unbounded composites with imperfect contact conditions

We consider a steady‐state heat conduction problem in 2D unbounded doubly periodic composite materials with temperature independent conductivities of their components. Imperfect contact conditions are assumed on the boundaries between the matrix and inclusions. By introducing complex potentials, the corresponding boundary value problem for the Laplace equation is transformed into a special R‐linear boundary value problem for doubly periodic analytic functions. The method of functional equations is used for obtaining a solution. Thus, the R‐linear boundary value problem is transformed into a system of functional equations which is analysed afterwards. A new improved algorithm for solving this system is proposed. It allows to compute the average property and reconstruct the temperature and the flux at an arbitrary point of the composite. Computational examples are presented.
The Colônia Astrobleme, Brasil

About 35km south of the city of Sao Paulo, near Colonia, within Precambrian crystal line basement rocks, there is a well-defined ring feature, with 3.64km in diameter and filledby at least 263m of sediments, which corresponds to a probable astrobleme. It is defined by a hilly circular outer rim up to 125m higher than an inner alluvial plain presently occupied by a large swamp. This paper explains the regional geology of the area and discusses the different hypothesis as to the origin of the structure as well as the morphological parameters pertinent to an understanding of this feature. Preliminary vibrocore data are also presented
More than a fluke: Lessons learned from a failure to replicate the false belief task in dolphins

Author(s): Hill, Heather M. ; Dietrich, Sarah; Cadena, Alicia; Raymond, Jenny; Cheves, Kyle | Abstract: Critical to advanced social intelligence is the ability to take into consideration the thoughts and feelings of others, a skill referred to as Theory of Mind (ToM) or mindreading. In this article, we present a critical review of the comparative methodology and utility of the nonverbal FBT along with a description of an attempted FBT replication conducted with a bottlenose dolphin prior to the implementation of the more successful approaches used currently. Attempting to replicate Tschudin’s (2001, 2006) methodology with dolphins highlighted several flaws that may explain the failures of socially complex mammals to display competency: (1) reliance on a containment invisible displacement procedure that is difficult for non-human animals and especially dolphins to follow, (2) a complex procedure which demands extensive training time, (3) a long trial duration with several moving parts which taxes the animal’s memory and attention, and (4) a restricted number of two-choice FBT test trials, which limits statistical power given the small pool of trained animals. Although recent research paradigms for primates have corrected for some of these flaws, it is critical that comparative psychologists address these limitations for other species or taxa to be tested validly. Future research in ToM understanding through a false belief approach should move toward more ecologically valid designs and appropriate implicit measures that facilitate comparative approaches that can be replicated.
An investigation on the influence of parental conflict on relationship satisfaction

Conflict is a necessary and normal aspect of family life. Nonetheless, if conflict between parents is dealt in a destructive way instead of a constructive way, it can have consequences which can be both negative for both the children and their parents. The aim of this study is to investigate if parental conflict during childhood has effects on romantic relationship satisfaction in young people. Investigating if there is a gender difference in romantic relationship satisfaction in young people and if having a religious belief plays a role in high levels of romantic relationship satisfaction. This study consisted of 697 participants (males = 76; females = 621), participants were aged between 18-30 and were currently in a romantic relationship or had been one in the previous twelve months. No significant differences were found between males and females, though females scored higher by a small difference than males. No significant differences between those with or without a religious belief, though those with no religious belief scored slightly higher than those with a religious belief. Parental conflict during childhood was found to not correlate with levels of romantic relationship satisfaction in young adults.
In vitro establishment of blackberry (Rubus sp.) cultivar 'Xavante'

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro establishment of 'Xavante' blackberry under different conditions of plant luminosity and concentrations of salts of MS medium. The maintenance of 'Xavante' blackberry plants in the absence of light, with the use of MS medium with salt concentrations of 75% and 100% reduce bacterial contamination and the percentage of explants oxidized and provide the highest percentage of surviving and established explants. The 50% salt dilution in MS medium is not recommended when plants are subjected to the absence of light due to the high percentage of oxidized explants and consequently lower survival and establishment.
The Effect of Taxes on Dividend Policy of Banks in Nigeria

The study explores the impact of taxes on the dividend policy particularly in banks in Nigeria. The study was set out to examine the relationship of profit, dividend and taxes especially in the banking sector. The research underscores the theoretical assumptions of the MM such as impairment of capital, the desire to send favourable signals to investors, the desire to conform to the industry's dividend payout among factors influencing dividend policy of banks. The analyses of the study show a significant correlation between taxes and dividend structure of the banks and also suggest that profit is a major variable in the formation of dividend policy of the organisations. This is supported by the hypothesis, which showed significant effect of profit on dividend and a positive correlation between profit, tax and dividend. The finding corroborates the postulations of some financial theorists and recommends capital gains in lieu of dividend for high taxpayers and that an adoption of a dividend policy by banks particularly in Nigeria should be strictly considered based on the unique circumstances of the bank and not necessarily based on age long traditional factors often formulated by academics.
EFFECT OF FLOW STEERING ANGLE TOWARD THE HYDROKINETIC TURBINE PERFORMANCE

The kinetic turbine is one of the solutions for use in low-speed river flows ranging from 0.01–2.8 m/s. This kinetic turbine is used as a conversion equipment to convert the water kinetic energy into an electrical energy. The working principle of a kinetic turbine is utilizing and relies on the water kinetic energy. Water flowing into the turbine area will produce a momentum on the turbine blades. This momentum change would then push the turbine blades and finally spin the turbine runner. The aim of research is thedetermination of the effect of water flow steering angle (a) and water flow rate variation in the kinetic turbine performance. This research uses vertical axis kinetic turbines with eight curve blade attached to the turbine runner. The variables used are two values of water flow steering angle, namely 25°and 35°. The water flow rate variation of 30 m3/h, 35 m3/h, 40 m3/h and 45 m3/h. The method used in this study uses a real experimental method. These two variations would then compare with the result of a hydrokinetic turbine performance done on the previous research. The results show that the water flow steering angle a affected the kinetic turbine performance (power, efficiency and torque). From these several water flow steering angle and water flow rate variations, the turbine performance with a 35° water flow steering angle get the highest performance compared with the use of 25° and 14° water flow steering angle. The greater the flow angle and the greater the water flow rate, the greater the torque, power and efficiency. The highest turbine power produced, P=17.5 W, occurs on the 35° water steering angle, and on a Q=45 m3/h water flow rate and on a 80 rpm turbine rotation. While the highest turbine efficiency, h=27 %, occurred on the Q=30 m3/h water flow rate, on a 60 rpm turbine rotation and on a water flow steering angle a=35°. The highest turbine torque, 3.1 Nm, occurs at Q=45 m3/h water flow rate at a maximum turbine braking and on a water steering angle a=35°.
Event-Triggered Model Predictive Control With a Statistical Learning

The event-triggered model predictive control (MPC) reduces energy consumption for updating control sequences while maintaining the originality of the MPC, which copes with hard constraints on dynamical systems. In the presence of large uncertainties, however, the standard event-triggered MPC may generate too frequent event occurrences. To compensate for unknown uncertainties, this paper applies a statistical learning to event-triggered MPC. The stability and the feasibility of the proposed control system are analyzed in regard to the statistical learning influences, such as the number of training samples, model complexity, and learning parameters. Accordingly, the event-triggering policy is established to guarantee the stability. We evaluate the proposed algorithm for the tracking problem of a nonholonomic model perturbed by uncertainties. In comparison with the standard event-triggered control scheme, the simulation results of the proposed method show better tracking performance with less frequent event triggers.
Thermodynamics of homogeneous nucleation of ice particles in the polar summer mesosphere

Abstract. We present the hypothesis of homogeneous nucleation of ice nano-particles in the polar summer mesosphere. The nucleation of condensed phase is traced back to the first step on the formation pathway, which is assumed to be the transition of water vapor to amorphous cluster. Amorphous clusters then freeze into water ice, likely metastable cubic ice, when they reach the critical size. The estimates based on the equilibrium thermodynamics give the critical size (radius) of amorphous water clusters as about 1.0 nm. The same estimates for the final transition step, that is the transformation of cubic to hexagonal ice, give the critical size of about 15 nm at typical upper mesospheric conditions during the polar summer (temperature T=150 K, water vapor density ρvapor=109 cm−3).
TRAUMA IN GUILAN (NORTH OF IRAN): AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY

Injuries, especially traffic accidents are so important causes of death, disability, hospital expenses, economic damages to the society which World Health Organization selected them as the main subjects for investigation and research. We have done an epidemiologic study about trauma in Guilan, a province in north of Iran. This is a descriptive study carried out on patients with traumatic injuries, admitted in Poursina Teaching Hospital, during September 2005 to July 2006. Data were collected prospectively using a data collection form including demographic information, mechanism of trauma, anatomical site of injuries, according to AIS90 and severity of head trauma according to glasgow coma scale (GCS) . Data were processed by SPSS 11.5 and are shown in tables and figures. Overall 3598 patients admitted. Mean age was 31.85 ± 17.76 years with male to female ratio about 3.5:1. Most of patients were 25-44 years old (33.9%). Traffic accidents were the leading cause of injuries (73.84%) and then fall (15.7%). Motorcycle was the most common mode of transport in our patients (47.07%) after that car (24.3%). Occurrence of traffic accidents increased through evening. Forty six percent of patients transported to hospital by people or came themselves (46.42%). Head and neck were the most common injured part of body (82.4 %,) however about in 81.66% of patients were mild and then limb and pelvis (34.7%). Finally about 2.8% of them died. A trauma especially traffic accidents are an important public health issue in Guilan, we recommend conducting other studies focusing on risk factors in details, and considering injury prevention in local decision making.
Bullying in preschool children

The present article aims to shed light on exploring the issue of bullying in preschool children, with a special focus on early forms of anti-social and aggressive behaviour and suggestions about the role of the school, based on the presentation of prevention and intervention programmes in preschool education settings. The most typical forms of bullying in preschool education settings are physical aggressiveness, social exclusion and rumor spreading. Most studies indicate that physical aggressiveness is prevalent in boys, while relational and verbal aggressiveness is prevalent in girls. The role of preschool educators is crucial, as they need to learn to identify and manage early forms of aggressiveness. Therefore, their training is imperative, as they need to carefully evaluate each incident, while creating a positive learning environment and applying strategies for bullying prevention and intervention.
Analyzing the Extensive Reading Approach: Benefits and Challenges in the Mexican Context

Some scholars have highlighted the benefits of using extensive reading as a way to motivate students to learn a second language (L2). This article is derived from a study that aimed at implementing extensive reading in an action research project in a public University in Mexico. Therefore, the following article examines some arguments of different researchers who have carried out extensive reading studies in contexts of teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL). The implementation issues of this reading approach are also analyzed by the approach’s constraints and educational practices in the Mexican TEFL context. The concluding remarks are an attempt to contribute to the growth of future research in the field of extensive reading in Mexico.
Chest wall osteosynthesis after trauma using titanium plates: case report

Introduction. Flail chest can become life-threatening when accompanied by other complications of thoracic trauma. Current hospital flail chest management includes mechanical ventilation and pain control. Although mechanical ventilation management is constantly improving, prolonged intubation and intensive care lead to increased morbidity. Surgical fixation is gaining more ground against non-operative care and authors have reported better outcome and fewer complications in restricted retrospective studies, but a consensus still has to be reached regarding the guidelines for surgical fixation. In this article, we wish to present our perspective on the surgical fixation of flail chest. Materials and Method. A 39-year-old patient, known with chest trauma after a car accident for which he had undergone surgical treatment at another department, was admitted to our unit for chest instability and chronic pain. During the clinical examination of the left hemithorax, we noticed chest wall instability at the posterior arches of the 8th, 9th and 10th left ribs. CT scans of the thorax showed approximation of the ribs on the anterior fracture line and multiple displaced rib fractures, without callus formation, on the posterior fracture line. Results. The 5th to 10th left ribs were cleared of fibrotic tissue, re-approximated and repositioned using matrix RIB titanium plates and screws. After surgery, the patient was kept in the intensive care unit for two days and was discharged after another seven days. Postoperative pain was managed with opioid therapy. Conclusions. The debate regarding the operative management vs. the non-operative management of flail chest is ongoing given the relatively small number of patients included in the existing randomizedcontrolled trials. Osteosynthesis with plates and screws is easy to manage and we recommend the use of operative treatment of flail chest in patients who can withstand thoracic procedures.
Efficacy of Co-Parenting for Successful Kids: A Longitudinal Pilot Investigation

ABSTRACT With a sample of 155 divorcing parents, this study examined the efficacy of a co-parenting program titled Co-Parenting for Successful Kids (CPSK). A prospective longitudinal cohort study was used to assess parental outcomes at multiple time points (i.e., pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-up). Using validated scales, we measured parenting stress, parenting self-efficacy, and parental anger over time. The results indicated that the participants experienced reduced parenting stress and parental anger, and increased parenting self-efficacy after completion of the co-parenting program. Co-parenting interventions to help divorcing parents with stress management, and continuously work together collaboratively in raising their children should be encouraged.
Validation of Mesocyclops (Copepoda) and community participation as an effective combination for Dengue control in Northern Vietnam

The “Programme Meso-Vietnam” was implemented in Vietnam from October 2007 to December 2010 to reduce dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever incidence and to improve the quality of life in the four project communes. This dengue control project was based on biological control using Mesocyclops, a larvivorous micro-crustacean, as well as on the establishment of a strong community involvement to educate the population on dengue transmission and to reduce Aedes breeding by removal of containers. During three years, a network of collaborators was responsible for introducing Mesocyclops in all the containers defined as key breeding-sites, and regular activities such as community training workshops, school programmes, clean-up campaigns and health promotion through IEC programmess were performed. To make this programme sustainable, local leadership has been strengthened as well. The use of these larvivorous micro-crustaceans as a biological control strategy against dengue over the medium and long term, when combined with community participation and effective health promotion, demonstrated a significant reduction in dengue vector populations and dengue cases. In Vietnam, this study reconfirms that there is an ecological alternative to systematic use of insecticides to control dengue vector population. (Abstract word count: 186)