Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is light involved in the vertical growth response of seagrasses when buried by sand

Involvement of light in the vertical growth response of Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Ascherson seedlings to sand burial was tested by comparing the growth response of seedlings that were buried and seedlings that were buried but had the shoot meristem lllumlnated using an optic fiber. Mortality of shoots was higher In the buried and illuminated shoots than in those only buried The number of new leaves and the length of the vertical rhizome ~nternodes produced during the experiment tended to decrease when the shoots were buried and illuminated, while the length of the leaf sheaths was not affected. Results indicate that light is one of the environmental signals that control the vertical growth response of C. nodosa when buried by sand, and that the shoot meristem is the place where the changes in the light environment of the shoot are detected.
Parental Problem Drinking and Children’s Adjustment: Are Associations Moderated by Patterns of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity?

OF THESIS Parental Problem Drinking and Children’s Adjustment: Are Associations Moderated by Patterns of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity? Parental problem drinking (PPD) is associated with various forms of child psychopathology, including hyperactivity, conduct disorder, delinquency, depression and anxiety. However, not all children share the same risk for developing adjustment problems in the context of PPD. In this study, we examined patterns of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity account for differential susceptibility to the adverse effects of PPD in middle childhood. We found that reciprocal SNS activation protects against child internalizing symptoms in the context of mother problem drinking. We also found consistent interactions between PNS and SNS in predicting child internalizing problems. Coinhibition is linked to more internalizing symptoms including anxiety and depression. This study provides further support for Autonomic Space Theory and demonstrates the importance of taking both PNS and SNS into account when studying physiological response to stress.
The kiloparsec-scale gas kinematics in two star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1.47 seen with ALMA and VLT-SINFONI

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) CO(J = 2 − 1) observations of two main-sequence star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1.47 taken from the High-Z Emission Line Survey (HiZELS). These two systems have been previously reported to be molecular gas rich fH2 ≡ MH2 /(MH2 + M⋆) ∼ 0.8. We carried out a follow-up study to resolve, at ∼kpc-scales, the CO emission. These new observations are combined with our earlier ALMA observations (sensitive to diffuse CO emission) and compared with our previous Hα-based study at matched spatial resolution. One target is marginally resolved in CO(2-1), showing complex dynamics with respect to the ionised gas traced by Hα. While the other source is spatially resolved, enabling a detailed exploration of its internal dynamical properties. In this system, both gaseous phases show similar spatial extension, rotation velocities and velocity dispersions (Vrot ∼ σv ∼ 100 km s−1) suggesting a rotational velocity to velocity dispersion ratio consistent with unity. By comparing the ionized and molecular gas tracers through the use of a two-dimensional kinematic model, we estimate a median depletion time τdep = 2.3 ± 1.2 Gyr for the galaxy as a whole. This value is in agreement with the average τdep value observed in local star-forming galaxies at similar spatial scales. Using a thick-disk dynamical modelling, we derive a dynamical mass M = (1.59 ± 0.19) × 10^11 M within ≈ 6 kpc. This suggests a dark matter fraction fDM ≡ MDM/Mdyn of 0.59 ± 0.10, in agreement with the average fDM value derived from stacked rotation curve analysis of galaxies at similar redshift range.
Innovative business models for high-tech entrepreneurial ventures: the organizational design challenges

Entrepreneurial ventures operating in high-tech industries are more and more adopting innovative business models, which are based on use of the market for ideas instead of the market for products or on the leveraging of communities of users and developers. A common characteristic of these innovative business models is their dependence on innovative technological knowledge and, consequently, on the ways in which intellectual property rights over this knowledge are designed (i.e., tight vs. loose appropriability regime). This chapter grounds on mainstream organizational design theories to speculate on how high-tech entrepreneurial ventures should organize internally to successfully implement these innovative business models. Specifically, it analyzes how firms’ structure, decision rights, and human resource management practices should be adapted to the need of generating, absorbing, and protecting innovative technological knowledge. Heeding a recent call in management literature, we will conduct our analysis considering organizational design variables both at the individual and firm level.
Sentiment Analysis Is Not Solved! Assessing and Probing Sentiment Classification

Neural methods for sentiment analysis have led to quantitative improvements over previous approaches, but these advances are not always accompanied with a thorough analysis of the qualitative differences. Therefore, it is not clear what outstanding conceptual challenges for sentiment analysis remain. In this work, we attempt to discover what challenges still prove a problem for sentiment classifiers for English and to provide a challenging dataset. We collect the subset of sentences that an (oracle) ensemble of state-of-the-art sentiment classifiers misclassify and then annotate them for 18 linguistic and paralinguistic phenomena, such as negation, sarcasm, modality, etc. Finally, we provide a case study that demonstrates the usefulness of the dataset to probe the performance of a given sentiment classifier with respect to linguistic phenomena.
Review of EFL Learners' Habits in the Use of Pedagogical Dictionaries.

A dictionary is an important device for both: EFL teachers and EFL learners. It is highly needed to conduct effective teaching and learning. Many investigations were carried out to study the foreign language learners' habits in the use of their dictionaries in reading, writing, testing and translating. This paper is shedding light on this issue; by pooling efforts carried out by researchers in forms of papers, articles and theses, on how EFL learners behave towards dictionaries in different learning situations. Different learning techniques have been discussed, to add to other experiences in the pedagogy of foreign languages. The findings of these surveys are collected here to enhance the work of foreign language teachers and learners in their classes, as well as it would be of practical help to textbook designers and lexicographers.
What is Hidden in the Hidden Economy of Pakistan? Size, Causes, Issues, and Implications

There is a worldwide contemporary debate about the role of the hidden economy in achieving the goal of sustained and inclusive economic growth and development, especially in the context of its spillover effects on the formal economy. For this purpose, policy-makers and academicians have made concerted efforts to estimate the size of the hidden economy and to analyse its causes, issues, and implications for key macroeconomic variables. However, there is a consensus among the policy-makers that a better macroeconomic policy formulation and its true implementation are subject to proper management of the associated issues of the hidden economy with suitable policy measures. In Pakistan, it is generally assumed that the hidden economy contributes about 30 percent to 50 percent to the overall GDP. The study investigates the potential determinants of the hidden economy and various interrelated socio-economic issues in the perspective of achieving the national goal of inclusive growth and development. Five statistical and structural modelling approaches are used to estimate the size of the hidden economy and to analyse the characteristic nature of its growth over time: the simple monetary approach, the modified monetary approach using dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), the multiple-indicators multiple-causes (MIMIC) approach, the electricity consumption approach, and the labour market survey approach. Policy implications are viewed in the context of the 18th Amendment and the 7th NFC Award in Pakistan.
Effect of sucrose and kinetin on the quality and vase life of Bougainvillea glabra var. Elizabeth Angus bracts at different temperatures.

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of sucrose and kinetin on the post harvest quality and vase life of Bougainvillea bracts at different storage temperature. Bougainvillea bracts and flower (Bougainvillea glabra) of the same age and size were used in the experiments. Fresh bracts were continuously treated with 200 mg/l sucrose, 200mg/l kinetin and control (water) at 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 28 +/- 1 degrees C. It was observed that sucrose treated bracts exhibited the longest vase life compared to the control and kinetin treatments at different temperatures. The higher temperature has promoted water uptake, senescence, and abscission. All the treatments showed a shorter vase life at a higher temperature. Kinetin treated flowers exhibited a shorter vase life than the control at all the temperature. The vase life was the longest in sucrose at a low temperature (10 degrees C). Weight loss and water uptake initially increased up to the 3(rd) day of storage irrespective of the different treatments but subsequently decreased linearly. The results showed that sucrose and lower temperature were the most effective factors in extending the vase life as well as quality of bougainvillea bracts.
On some aspects of nonlinear water wave theory

Diese Doktorarbeit befasst sich mit mathematischen Modelle, welche die Ausbreitung von Wasserwellen unter dem Einfluss von Gravitation beschreiben. Ich untersuche Anwendungen der Euler Gleichungen auf Tsunamiwellen unter Berucksichtigung von Vortizitat und prasentiere ein Model, welches den Zustand des Meeres nahe der Kuste in Abwesenheit von Wellen beschreibt. Indem ich Methoden dynamischer Systeme anwende, zeige ich Existenz von radialsymmetrischen C^2-Losungen mit kompaktem Trager fur eine Familie von Wirbelverteilungen. Diese entsprechen isolierten Wirbelregionen unter der flachen Wasseroberflache auserhalb derer sich das Wasser in Ruhe befindet. Weiters untersuche ich eine nichtlineare dispersive Gleichung fur Oberflachenwellen von moderater Amplitude, welche als Naherung fur die Euler Gleichungen fur Flachwasserwellen hergeleitet wurde. Ich zeige die Existenz von solitaren Wellen, und prasentiere eine qualitative Beschreibung des Wellenprofils. Indem ich die Bewegungsgleichung in ein Hamiltonsches System transformiere, kann ich beschrankte Orbits im Phasenraum bestimmen, welche solitaren und periodischen Oberflachenwellen beliebiger Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit entsprechen. Weiters analysiere ich im Detail, wie die Wellenamplitude von der Wellenausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit abhangt. Diese Methode ist auf eine grosere Klasse von nichtlinearen dispersiven Gleichungen (z.B. der Camassa-Holm) anwendbar.
An analysis of the relationships between ownership structure and capital structure of the global water industry

It is unfortunate but people over the world are living without regular access to safe drinking water. Currently, around 20% of the world’s population (1.1 billion people) have about 7% of its water. Water industry continues to suffer from global shortages, rising consumption levels and importantly, an aging infrastructure). Since water investment has been a challenging sector for making money, water markets across the globe are extending and seeking new opportunities. It is noted that the global water market is worth between US$400 and US$500 billion, including US$175 billion for municipal and industrial water and wastewater capital expenditure. There is an acute need for money and investment in water. Hence, the private sector participation is needed in the water sector but to join the investing in the water industry, private companies need to improve their capital structure. There is however little research regarding the relationships between ownership structure and capital structure of the water industry. This study examines the relationships between ownership structure and capital structure of 72 water companies that comprise the 4 water indices (WOWAX, S-NET, S&P and MSCI ACWI) over the period 2004-2014 using unbalanced panel (random effects) regression model. The findings of his study shows that investors (foreign and institutional) play an important role to effect the capital structure and investment performance. Foreign ownership affects the leverage and short term debt to asset at the 10% and 1% level of significance. However, the Institutional ownership factor does not seem to affect the leverage (LEV) and short term debt to asset (STDA). There are a number of implications for financial managers; types of financial strategies to undertake and thus, determine the optimal capital structure for ownership structure. Individual water investor can cogitate both capital structure and ownership structure when making investment decisions in water industry.
Progress towards characterizing ultrahigh energy cosmic ray sources

We use a multimessenger approach to constrain realistic mixed composition models of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray sources using the latest cosmic ray, neutrino, and gamma-ray data. We build on the successful Unger-Farrar-Anchordoqui 2015 (UFA15) model which explains the shape of the spectrum and its complex composition evolution via photodisintegration of accelerated nuclei in the photon field surrounding the source. We explore the constraints which can currently be placed on the redshift evolution of sources and the temperature of the photon field surrounding the sources. We show that a good fit is obtained to all data either with a source which accelerates a narrow range of nuclear masses or a Milky Way-like mix of nuclear compositions, but in the latter case the nearest source should be 30-50 Mpc away from the Milky Way in order to fit observations from the Pierre Auger Observatory. We also ask whether the data allow for a subdominant purely protonic component at UHE in addition to the primary UFA15 mixed composition component. We find that such a two-component model can significantly improve the fit to cosmic ray data while being compatible with current multimessenger data.
To assess the prevalence of dry eye disease in postmenopausal females in a tertiary care centre in Central India

1 Senior Resident, 2 Associate Professor, 3 Assistant Professor 1,2,3 Department of Ophthalmology, S.S. Medical College and Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa (M.P.) India Corresponding Author Dr Neha Adlakha Address-House No-1544, Sector-7 Extension, Gurgaon (Haryana)-122001 India Mobile number-8223856309, Email: neha.adlakha777@gmail.com Abstract Dry eye is disorder due to deficiency of tear film and is common amongst postmenopausal women. Aim is to establish occurrence and prevalence of dry eye in postmenopausal women in tertiary care centre in Central India. A Cross-sectional study was carried out on 150 post-menopausal women. All patients were recorded in a predesigned proforma and Ocular Surface Disease Index scoring was done. Visual acuity was assessed on Snellen’s chart and anterior segment evaluation was done using slit lamp biomicroscopy.Dry eye evaluation was done with Schirmer Test 1 and Tear film Break-Up time test. Corneal and conjunctival staining using flouroscein and Rose Bengal was performed. Assessment of meibomian gland function and grading of dry eye was done according to DEWS classification. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) standard version 13.0. T test. Chi square and Pearson correlation test was used for data analysis. Fifty two out of 150 post-menopausal women (34.6%) were found to have dry eyes. Prevalence of dry eye was maximum in age group>74 years (38.46%). Meibomian gland scores were normal in 28.84% of patients and abnormal in 71.15% patients. Most patients in present study had evaporative dry eye(46.15%),followed by mixed type(40.38%) and aqueous deficient(13.46%). Most of the patients in our study had mild dry eye(44.23%),followed by severe(32.69%) and 23.07% accounting for moderate dry eye. Present study reveal that dry eye symptoms are common problems in postmenopausal women. Hence, examination for dry eye should be integral part of postmenopausal women especially those having dry eye symptoms. It is important for primary care physicians to understand DED due to its high prevalence and potentially preventable and treatable nature of the condition.
The Detection of Malingered Amnesia: An Approach Involving Multiple Strategies in a Mock Crime

The nature of amnesia in the context of crime has been the subject of a prolonged debate. It is not uncommon that after committing a violent crime, the offender either does not have any memory of the event or recalls it with some gaps in its recollection. A number of studies have been conducted in order to differentiate between simulated and genuine amnesia. The recognition of probable malingering requires several inferential methods. For instance, it typically involves the defendant’s medical records, self-reports, the observed behavior, and the results of a comprehensive neuropsychological examination. In addition, a variety of procedures that may detect very specific malingered amnesia in crime have been developed. In this paper, we investigated the efficacy of three techniques, facial thermography, kinematic analysis, and symptom validity testing in detecting malingering of amnesia in crime. Participants were randomly assigned to two different experimental conditions: a group was instructed to simulate amnesia after a mock homicide, and a second group was simply asked to behave honestly after committing the mock homicide. The outcomes show that kinematic analysis and symptom validity testing achieve significant accuracy in detecting feigned amnesia, while thermal imaging does not provide converging evidence. Results are encouraging and may provide a first step towards the application of these procedures in a multimethod approach on crime-specific cases of amnesia.
Phylogeny of beech in western Eurasia as inferred by approximate Bayesian computation

The Fagus sylvatica L. species complex in Europe and Western Asia comprises two commonly recognized subspecies, F. sylvatica subsp. sylvatica [= F. sylvatica sensu stricto (s. str.)] and F. sylvatica subsp. orientalis (= F. orientalis), and two putatively hybridogenous or intermediate taxa, “F. moesiaca” and “F. taurica”. The present study aimed to examine the demographic history of this species complex using 12 allelic loci of nine allozymes scored in 279 beech populations in western Eurasia. Three sets of phylogenetic scenarios were tested by approximate Bayesian computation: one dealing with the divergence of subspecies and/or regional populations within the whole taxonomical complex, and two others focusing on the potential hybrid origin of “F. moesiaca” and “F. taurica”. The best-supported scenario within the first set placed the time of divergence of regional populations of F. orientalis in the Early Pleistocene (1.18–1.87 My BP). According to this scenario, the Iranian population was the ancestral lineage, whereas F. sylvatica s. str. was the lineage that diverged most recently. “Fagus taurica” was found to have originated from hybridization between the Caucasian population of F. orientalis and F. sylvatica s. str. at 144 ky BP. In contrast, there was no evidence of a hybrid origin of “F. moesiaca”. The best-supported scenario suggested that the Balkan lineage is a part of F. sylvatica s. str. , which diverged early from F. orientalis in Asia Minor (817 ky BP), while both the Italian and Central-European lineages diverged from the Balkan one later, at the beginning of the last (Weichselian) glacial period.
Changing Maps: Empirical Legal Autopoiesis

Superficially at odds with the idea of empirical research, autopoiesis is shown on closer study to demand a fundamental reconsideration of the empirico-theoretical relationship. This idea is developed firstly in the context of a possible methodology and secondly in the application of that methodology to a particular regulatory situ ation. The aim is to arrive at a more adequately complex understanding of the regu latory process - as well as of the process of legal sociological research itself.
Parasocial and School Relationships of Pre-school Children

Parasocial relationships are one-sided relationships that consumers have with media characters (Horton & Wohl, 1956). This dissertation answers recent calls for more research into the role these relationships play in children’s lives. More specifically, this research explores the impact parasocial relationships have on preschool students’ interpersonal relationships – to see if these unique media bonds change whom children choose to have relationships with in school. Because of their tendency to overwhelmingly choose same sex children as friends, preschool age children were the participants. Results of this study found that girls are more likely than boys to select opposite-sex media characters as their favorite and that this selection impacts their friend choices in school. Specifically, girls with male parasocial partners are more likely to play with boys and have male best friends in school. Previously, Maccoby (1998) argued that the same-sex relationships one has in preschool create disparate cultures between the sexes and that this divide continues to influence adult life. Combining the present results with those of Maccoby, it is now clear that the media’s increasing importance in the lives of toddlers and young children can have long lasting repercussions on future relationships, in particular, future opposite-sex interactions. PARASOCIAL & SCHOOL RELATIONSHIPS 2 Parasocial and School Relationships of Pre-school Children
Population structure and reproductive biology of Mesopodopsis orientalis (Crustacea: Mysida) in a tropical mangrove ecosystem in India

The population structure and biological aspects of the shallow water mysid Mesopodopsis orientalis were studied in the Versova mangrove, Mumbai, India. The monthly collections ranged from 0 – 2104 ind.m -3 with an average of 78.6 ind.m -3 . The sampled population was found in a wide range of temperature (25.5 ° C to 34 ° C) and salinities (20.3 to 37.1). Carapace length significantly correlated with total body length (P<0.01). Mesopodopsis orientalis breed throughout the year but there is a seasonal variation in the intensity of breeding. The size of mature males and females was at maximum during post-monsoon period. The species produced more than one generation per year and the number of embryo carried by a single female ranged from 6 – 18, and was correlated with female body length (R 2 =0.69). Egg size varied between 0.32 and 0.45 mm, with no correlation with length