Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insight from electron density and energy framework analysis on the structural features of Fx-TCNQ (x = 0, 2, 4) family of molecules.

In this study, the nature and characteristics of the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions in crystal structures of the fluoro-substituted 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) family of molecules, i.e. Fx-TCNQ (x = 0, 2, 4), are explored. The molecular geometry of the reported crystal structures is directly dependent on the degree of fluorination in the molecule, which consequently also results in the presence of an intramolecular N[triple-bond]C.F-C π-hole tetrel bond. Apart from this, the energy framework analysis performed along the respective transport planes provides new insights into the energetic distribution in this class of molecules.
The determination of atmospheric water vapour content using dual-frequency radiometer

The results of aircraft microwave K- and K/sub a/-band radiometer measurements used for liquid water and water vapour content recovering are presented. The K-band dual-frequency radiometer has been developed in Space Research Institute (Russia). This radiometer provides simultaneous measurements of brightness temperature in two frequency bands due to adjustable dual-frequency filter. The comparison of results obtained by two different retrieval techniques shows good agreement, so also under strong cloud condition. <<ETX>>
A study of row-based area-array I/O design planning in concurrent chip-package design flow

IC-centric design flow has been a common paradigm when designing and optimizing a system. Package and board/system designs are usually followed by almost-ready chip designs, which causes long turn-around time communicating with package and system houses. In this article, the realizations of area-array I/O design methodologies are studied. Different from IC-centric flow, we propose a chip-package concurrent design flow to speed up the design time. Along with the flow, we design the I/O-bump (and P/G-bump) tile that combines I/O (and P/G) and bump into a hard macro with the considerations of I/O power connection and electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. We then employ an I/O-row based scheme to place I/O-bump tiles with existed metal layers. By such a scheme, it reduces efforts in I/O placement legalization and the redistribution layer (RDL) routing. With the emphasis on package design awareness, the proposed methods map package balls onto chip I/Os, thus providing an opportunity to design chip and package in parallel. Due to this early study of I/O and bump planning, faster convergence can be expected with concurrent design flow. The results are encouraging and the merits of this flow are reassuring.
Beyond Reading Comprehension: The Effect of Adding a Dynamic Assessment Component on EFL Reading Comprehension

Dynamic assessment (DA) stresses the need for unifying assessment and instruction. This paper presents an interactionist model of DA to assessment in reading comprehension of 30 Iranian male students who were selected based on available sampling procedure. Data collection procedures before and after implementation of DA were done through administration of multiple-choice reading comprehension test. The results of students’ performance before and after implementation of DA were calculated through t-test. The results indicate significant improvement in student performance after implementation. Finally, the null hypothesis is rejected and it is concluded that incorporation of DA as a supplement procedure to standard testing has positive effective on both test performance and learning of students.
MIROC-ESM 2010: model description and basic results of CMIP5-20c3m experiments

Abstract. An earth system model (MIROC-ESM 2010) is fully described in terms of each model component and their interactions. Results for the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5) historical simulation are presented to demonstrate the model's performance from several perspectives: atmosphere, ocean, sea-ice, land-surface, ocean and terrestrial biogeochemistry, and atmospheric chemistry and aerosols. An atmospheric chemistry coupled version of MIROC-ESM (MIROC-ESM-CHEM 2010) reasonably reproduces transient variations in surface air temperatures for the period 1850–2005, as well as the present-day climatology for the zonal-mean zonal winds and temperatures from the surface to the mesosphere. The historical evolution and global distribution of column ozone and the amount of tropospheric aerosols are reasonably simulated in the model based on the Representative Concentration Pathways' (RCP) historical emissions of these precursors. The simulated distributions of the terrestrial and marine biogeochemistry parameters agree with recent observations, which is encouraging to use the model for future global change projections.
Practical statistics for medical research

Most medical researchers, whether clinical or non-clinical, receive some background in statistics as undergraduates. However, it is most often brief, a long time ago, and largely forgotten by the time it is needed. Furthermore, many introductory texts fall short of adequately explaining the underlying concepts of statistics, and often are divorced from the reality of conducting and assessing medical research. Practical Statistics for Medical Research is a problem-based text for medical researchers, medical students, and others in the medical arena who need to use statistics but have no specialized mathematics background. The author draws on twenty years of experience as a consulting medical statistician to provide clear explanations to key statistical concepts, with a firm emphasis on practical aspects of designing and analyzing medical research. The text gives special attention to the presentation and interpretation of results and the many real problems that arise in medical research
Investigating the Implications of Using Alternative GIS-Based Techniques to Measure Accessibility to Green Space

A large body of research has examined relationships between accessibility to green space and a variety of health outcomes with many researchers finding benefits in terms of levels of physical activity and relationships with levels of obesity, mental health, and other health conditions. Such studies often use spatial analytical techniques to examine relationships between distance to such spaces and health data collated at an individual survey respondent's home address or, more commonly, derived from area-based census measures summarised at a centroid. Generally, such measures are becoming more sophisticated and have moved on from the use of straightforward Euclidean-based measures to those based on network distance. However, few studies tend to use a combination of approaches or seek to establish the implications of incorporating alternative measures of accessibility on potential relationships. Using a database of green spaces (and associated attributes) and a detailed network dataset for the city of Cardiff, Wales, we examine the sensitivity of findings to the ways in which different metrics are calculated. This is illustrated by examining the variations in association between such metrics and a census-based deprivation index widely used in health studies to measure socioeconomic conditions. Our findings demonstrate that not only will the distances to green spaces vary according to the methodologies adopted but that any study that aims to investigate relationships with attributes of the nearest green space should acknowledge that matches may vary widely according to the techniques used. We conclude by warning against the use of inappropriate methodologies in examining access to green space which may directly influence directions (and levels) of association and hence may limit their relevance in wider geographical contexts.
Students' Problem Solving as Mediated by Their Cognitive Tool Use: A Study of Tool Use Patterns

The purpose of this study was to use multiple data sources, both objective and subjective, to capture students' thinking processes as they were engaged in problem solving, examine the cognitive tool use patterns, and understand what tools were used and why they were used. The findings of this study confirmed previous research and provided clear empirical evidence supporting the theoretical notion that technology-based cognitive tools play an important role in assisting students' problem solving. Students' tool use patterns were discussed in the context of their problem solving.
Elements of Vehicle Routing under uncertainty

This article introduces a new exact algorithm for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands (CVRPSD). The CVRPSD can be formulated as a Set Partitioning Problem and it is shown that the associated column generation subproblem can be solved using a dynamic programming scheme. Computational experiments show promising results.
Syntactic Processing in Sentence Comprehension Under Dual-task Conditions in Aphasic Patients

The functional architecture of the verbal processing resource system was studied by testing aphasic patients for their abilities to use syntactic structure in sentence comprehension in isolation and under dual-task conditions. Patients who showed evidence for a reduction in the resources available for syntactic processing in sentence comprehension were tested on a sentence-picture matching task that required syntactic processing in an o-interference condition and while recalling a series of digits that was one less than or equal to their span. Patients showed equivalent effects of syntactic complexity in comprehension in the three conditions; that is, the effect of syntactic complexity did not increase under digit load conditions. This result supports the conclusion that the processing resource system that underlies syntactic processing is substantially separate from the one that is used for some other verbally mediated functions.
Automated cardiac state diagnosis from hybrid features of ECG using neural network classifier

Accurate non–invasive Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis has a significant emerging role in automated cardiac state diagnosis. Conventional ECG analysis techniques such as linear and second–order spectra fail to retain Fourier phase relationship and suppress random variations in non–linear, non–stationary and non–Gaussian ECG signals. This may provide misguided results. A highly accurate algorithm utilising statistics of fourth–order spectra (trispectrum) is introduced to capture clinically significant variations in ECG that can cater to these limitations. Five temporal interval and three trispectral entropy features are extracted from individual beat of ECG signals loaded from MIT–BIH arrhythmia database and quantified using box plots. A three–layer feedforward neural network classifier with 50 hidden layer neurons is configured using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm to yield an average accuracy of 95.10% while classifying six cardiac states. Significant enhancement in the performance with reduced computational complexity has been observed using a low–dimensional hybrid ECG feature set and a simple classifier showing the effectiveness of the proposed man–machine interface for automated cardiac state diagnosis.
Xml Schema Part 1 Structures

REC-xmlschema-1-20041028) types for patch operations. D. , Maloney, M. , and N. Mendelsohn, "XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition", World Wide. The error messages contains an information field that will open the browser on the "XML Schema Part 1:Structures" specification at exactly the point where. (1) – UPnP Device Architecture, version 1.0, UPnP Forum, October 15, 2008. (6) – XML Schema Part 1: Structures, Second Edition, Henry S. Thompson, David.
Control theory applications to the production–inventory problem: a review

Mathematical models based on average or steady-state conditions are insufficient when dealing with dynamic situations faced by production–inventory systems in current business environments. Therefore, the use of mathematical tools based on control theory to handle time-varying phenomena has been reinvigorated in order to accommodate these new needs. Given the variety of research approaches in the field over several decades, there is a need to provide a review of this work. This review identifies some major research efforts for applying control theoretic methods to production–inventory systems. It is shown that in general, control theory is applied to reduce inventory variation, reduce demand amplification and optimize ordering rules. Some control theory tools applied are block diagram algebra, Mason's gain formula, Bode plots, Laplace transform, Z transform and optimal control. Basic approaches are classified within stochastic control theory and deterministic control theory. Two important issues are then identified within the deterministic models. First, separate efforts to integrate systems horizontally (i.e. supply chain) or vertically (i.e. hierarchical approach) are identified. Second, none of the reviewed models implemented a systematic way to calculate all the required model parameters. Some authors presented suggestions to optimize some parameters, but no reference was found that tried to obtain these parameter values from a real system.
Challenging challenge questions: an experimental analysis of authentication technologies and user behaviour

To authenticate human users to systems, challenge questions based on personal information are often used, typically when a primary authentication credential, such as a password, is forgotten. This ought to be a trustworthy mechanism, that is both reliable and accurate: personal information should be inherently memorable and not known to others. However, concerns have been raised recently about these assumptions: for example, some commonly used questions may be based on information that is available publicly. A possible improvement, then, is to allow users to choose their own questions. Here we report on an experiment which gathered user chosen questions and a subsequent security and usability analysis of them. Our experiment itself follows a novel method which is designed to engender the trust of participants, so they participate honestly. This methodological innovation demonstrates that it is possible to perform ethical authentication experiments where sensitive information does not have to be collected from users. Our experiments revealed some surprising results. Although subjects sometimes seemed aware of the need for security, they often ‘missed the mark’ by a wide margin; similarly, there are serious concerns over the usability of freely chosen questions with free-form answers. These results should raise some serious questions for those setting the policy agenda for either testing or building authentication solutions for Internet applications.
Reconfigurable terminals: an overview of architectural solutions

Key technical aspects concerning the realization of a reconfigurable user terminal based on software-defined radio technology are discussed. These include functionalities such as mode monitoring, mode switching, adaptive baseband processing, and software download. The implications of these functionalities and the need for related entities within the network are also discussed. The concepts presented here form part of the 5th Framework IST European Research project Transparent Reconfigurable Ubiquitous Terminal (TRUST). It is the intention of this article to present the technical achievements of the TRUST project together with an overview of the potential complexity in the realization of a reconfigurable user terminal.
Port-Hamiltonian Systems Theory: An Introductory Overview

An up-to-date survey of the theory of port-Hamiltonian systems is given, emphasizing novel developments and relationships with other formalisms. Port-Hamiltonian systems theory yields a systematic framework for network modeling of multi-physics systems. Examples from different areas show the range of applicability. While the emphasis is on modeling and analysis, the last part provides a brief introduction to control of port-Hamiltonian systems.
An open platform for Aerosol InfraRed Spectroscopy analysis – AIRSpec

Abstract. AIRSpec is a platform consisting of several chemometric packages developed for analysis of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of atmospheric aerosols. The packages are accessible through a browser-based interface, which also generates the necessary input files based on user interactions for provenance management and subsequent use with a command-line interface. The current implementation includes the task of baseline correction, organic functional group (FG) analysis, and multivariate calibration for any analyte with absorption in the mid-infrared. The baseline correction package uses smoothing splines to correct the drift of the baseline of ambient aerosol spectra given the variability in both environmental mixture composition and substrates. The FG analysis is performed by fitting individual Gaussian line shapes for alcohol (aCOH), carboxylic acid (COOH), alkane (aCH), carbonyl (CO), primary amine (aNH2), and ammonium (ammNH) for each spectrum. The multivariate calibration model uses the spectra to estimate the concentration of relevant target variables (e.g., organic or elemental carbon) measured with different reference instruments. In each of these analyses, AIRSpec receives spectra and user choices on parameters for model computation; input files with parameters that can later be used with a command-line interface for batch computation are returned together with diagnostic figures and tables in text format. AIRSpec is built using the open-source software consisting of R and Shiny and is released under the GNU Public License v3. Users can download, modify, and extend the package, or access its functionality through the web application (http://airspec.epfl.ch, last access: 3 April 2019) hosted at the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). AIRSpec provides a unified framework by which different chemometric techniques can be shared and accessed, and its underlying suite of packages provides the basic functionality for extending the platform with new types of analyses. For example, basic functionality includes operations for populating and accessing spectra residing in in-memory arrays or relational databases, input and output of spectra and results of computation, and user interface development. Moreover, AIRSpec facilitates the exploratory work, can be used by FTIR spectra acquired with different methods, and can be extended easily with new chemometric packages when they become available. Therefore AIRSpec provides a framework for centralizing and disseminating such algorithms. This paper describes the modular architecture and provides examples of the implemented packages using the spectra of aerosol samples collected on PM2.5 polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) filters.
The cooperative learning: Understanding and increasing the knowledge of the facilities design without a professor extra effort

Lecturing has been prevailing in higher education. This teaching and learning model hinders the understanding of fundamental concepts in practical courses. The cooperative learning allows an improvement in the student’s achievements, attitudes and persistence. The main goal of this work is to implement the cooperative learning in the teaching of the design of industrial facilities. This methodology aims to solve part of the problems of recently graduate students when they undertake engineering projects lacking knowledge. Finally, the results of an end-of-course satisfaction survey, conducted to assess this experience, are also presented.
A 10-year characterization of the Saharan Air Layer lidar ratio in the subtropical North Atlantic

Abstract. Particle extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) is a key parameter for a correct interpretation of elastic lidar measurements. Of particular importance is the determination of the lidar ratio of the Saharan Air Layer mineral dust transported into the free troposphere over the North Atlantic region. The location of the two sun photometer stations managed by the Izaña Atmospheric Research Centre (IARC) on the island of Tenerife and a decade of available micropulse lidar (MPL) data allow us to determine the lidar ratio under almost pure-dust conditions. This result can be considered representative of the Saharan dust transported westward over the North Atlantic in the subtropical belt. Three different methods have been used to calculate the lidar ratio in this work: (1) using the inversion of sky radiance measurements from a sun–sky photometer installed at the Izaña Observatory (2373 m a.s.l.) under free-troposphere conditions; (2) the one-layer method, a joint determination using a micropulse lidar sited at the Santa Cruz de Tenerife sea-level station and photometric information considering one layer of aerosol characterized by a single lidar ratio; and (3) the two-layer method, a joint determination using the micropulse lidar and photometric information considering two layers of aerosol with two different lidar ratios. The one-layer method only uses data from a co-located photometer at Santa Cruz de Tenerife, while the two-layer conceptual approach incorporates photometric information at two heights from the observatories of Izaña and Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The almost pure-dust lidar ratio retrieval from the sun–sky photometer and from the two-layer method give similar results, with lidar ratios at 523 nm of 49 ± 6 and 50 ± 11 sr. These values obtained from a decade of data records are coincident with other studies in the literature reporting campaigns in the subtropical North Atlantic region. This result shows that the two-layer method is an improved conceptual approach compared to the single-layer approach, which matches the real lower-troposphere structure well. The two-layer method is able to retrieve reliable lidar ratios and therefore aerosol extinction profiles despite the inherent limitations of the elastic lidar technique. We found a lack of correlation between lidar ratio and Ångström exponent (α), which indicates that the dust lidar ratio can be considered independent of dust size distribution in this region. This finding suggests that dust is, under most atmospheric conditions, the predominant aerosol in the North Atlantic free troposphere, which is in agreement with previous studies conducted at the Izaña Observatory.
Language Transfer: Cross-Linguistic Influence in Language Learning

Series editors' preface Preface Introduction 2. Earlier thinking on transfer 3. Some fundamental problems in the study of transfer 4. Discourse 5. Semantics 6. Syntax 7. Phonetics, phonology, and writing systems 8. Nonstructural factors in transfer 9. Looking back and looking ahead 10. Implications for teaching Glossary References Language index Author index Subject index.