Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health in Hartford: A Community-Based Participatory Research Project Identifying Solutions to Health Inequities

Overall poor health status and unfair, disparate health outcomes for vulnerable population groups are of grave concern in the United States. Rooted in unequal access to and the disparate quality of the social determinants of health, health inequities disproportionately affect people of lower socioeconomic status and people of color. Defined as the willingness of people to intervene for the good of the community and associated with positive health outcomes, collective efficacy has the potential to reduce health inequities for urban Americans. Hartford, Connecticut is one urban city which unduly suffers from health inequities. Photovoice was the primary methodology used in this qualitative, multistage, longitudinal community-based participatory research (CBPR) study. Photovoice integrates photography, storytelling, and political advocacy. This study aimed to: 1) understand how community members perceive the relationship between place and health in their city; 2) identify participants’ recommendations for improving health in Hartford, Connecticut; and 3) assess how the critical consciousness-building process inherent in photovoice affected participants’ collective efficacy. A total of 24 Hartford residents participated in at least one stage of this study; 11 completed all four stages. Findings revealed that participants conceptualized health into three domains—physical wellness, mental and emotional health, and spirituality. Eight themes were identified involving participants’ perceptions of the critical factors that affect the health of city residents; these are access to healthy food, access to nature, housing and homelessness, substance abuse, litter, education and role models for young people, community investment, and community engagement. Recommendations to improve health were identified for each theme. Participants’ suggestions may be used to develop innovative and practical community interventions; once implemented, these may be evaluated to assess their impact on health. Findings demonstrated that participants’ critical consciousness increased during the photovoice process; however, no changes in their collective efficacy were detected during this study. Methodological constraints posed significant limitations and more robust research is needed to better assess the impact of photovoice on collective efficacy. Implications for professional social work include interprofessional training, specialized education for social workers in community practice, and CBPR methodologies that integrate a human rights framework.
Study of a microstrip triangular patch antenna for body area network applications mounted on teflon cylindrical surface

This paper proposes a novel class of conformal antenna having a triangular patch fabricated over a cylindrical surface for 4.78 GHz frequency application. Antenna is designed using Teflon in order to achieve the highest possible characteristics like gain and return loss with ease in conformal antenna designing. The motivation for this work was to devise a radiation element which has ability to conform to cylindrical shapes and for flexible BAN (Body area Network) and RFID applications. Also, this paper shows the advantage of triangular patch antenna as compared to rectangular patch design when fabricated on cylindrical substrate. We show that Teflon is not only cost efficient, as compare to other substrates, but also, shows good radiation characteristics with respect to simulated results and has tolerable limitations for operating temperature and excitation. Full wave approach is used to study designing equations for the radiating conformal patch. Finally, some numerical and graphical results are simulated and presented for the discussed application.
Clinicopathological and intraoperative parameters associated with postoperative hepatic complications.

BACKGROUND/AIMS To predict the risk of liver dysfunction associated complications after hepatectomy, we evaluated perioperative parameters in patients after hepatectomy. METHODOLOGY We examined 185 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver tumors. Background liver was normal liver in 73 patients, chronic viral hepatitis in 49, cirrhosis in 46 and icteric liver in 17. Postoperative complications associated liver dysfunction (long-term ascites, intraabdominal infection and hepatic failure) occurred in 70 (38%) patients. RESULTS Univariate analysis identified 9 significant parameters associated with postoperative complications (resected volume > or = 50%, intraoperative bleeding volume > or = 1500 mL, liver activity at 15 min by technetium-99m galactosyl human serum albumin scintigraphy of < 0.85, alanine aminotransferase > or = 80 IU/L, total cholesterol < 150 mg/dL, prothrombin activity [PT] < 80%, Liver Damage grade B, histopathological activity index [HAI] of > or = 8 and hyaluronic acid [HA] of > or = 150 ng/mL). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified resected volume, intraoperative bleeding, PT and HA levels as four significant independent predictors of post-hepatectomy complication with odds ratios of 7.0, 4.4, 7.5, and 5.4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative assessment and correction of abnormal PT and HA, careful evaluation of resected volume and attempt to reduce intraoperative bleeding are important to avoid postoperative hepatic complications.
The Informational Role and Value Relevance of Earnings, Cash Flows, and Accruals

In this paper, we establish a theoretical relationship between earnings components and future stock returns. It shows the informational role of earnings, cash flows and accruals in predicting future stock returns and the key role played by the earnings response coefficient. It also suggests that the ‘accrual anomaly’ can be explained rationally. Accounting fundamentals jointly determine the covariance risk between uncertain future cash flows and the discount factor: accruals are encompassed as long as there exists differential persistence between cash flows and accruals after controlling for aggregate earnings. In particular, it is the deviation of (scaled) accruals from their long run mean rate that is vital in explaining the ‘accrual anomaly’. Consequently, Sloan (1996) and similar results should not be interpreted as an accrual-based anomaly, instead they document important evidence of the possible fair pricing of accruals.
In-water assessments of sea turtles at Glover’s Reef Atoll, Belize

The decline of sea turtle populations in the Caribbean has led to intensive recovery efforts. In Belizean waters, hawksbill turtles are seemingly making a comeback. At Glover’s Reef Atoll particularly, juvenile hawksbill turtles are found in the fore-reef habitat. The population status and dynamics of this foraging aggregation were assessed to inform conservation management and to ascertain the national and regional importance of this site. During 12 sampling periods from 2007 to 2013, turtles of all species were counted, captured, and tagged. For hawksbill turtles, the capture-recapture histories were combined with the counts using a mark-resight analysis under a robust design. This provided estimates of abundance as well as survival and transition rates. From 2009 onward, distance sampling was also used to estimate density and abundance of hawksbill turtles and the less frequently encountered green and loggerhead turtles. Distance sampling provided a more cost-effective estimation method for multiple species and another more precise source of abundance estimates for hawksbills. This is the first study known to use either markresight or distance sampling methods during snorkel surveys of sea turtles. It produced reasonably congruent abundance estimates of >1000 juvenile hawksbills and an order of magnitude less of green and loggerhead turtles. The mark-resight analysis estimated an apparent juvenile hawksbill survival probability of 0.975 (95% CI: 0.936−0.99), indicating that mortality factors are low. The Atoll provides important developmental habitat for juvenile hawksbills, contributing to the recovery of the species on the national and regional scale.
The effect of single‐ and multiple‐dose etravirine on a drug cocktail of representative cytochrome P450 probes and digoxin in healthy subjects

The effect of etravirine on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and P‐glycoprotein were evaluated in two randomized, crossover trials in healthy subjects. A modified Cooperstown 5 + 1 cocktail was utilized to determine the effects of etravirine on single‐dose pharmacokinetics of model CYP probes. The cocktail was administered alone, then, after a 14‐day washout, etravirine 200 mg twice daily (bid) was given for 14 days with cocktail on days 1 and 14. In a separate study, digoxin (0.5 mg) was administered alone, then, after a 14‐day washout, etravirine 200 mg bid was administered for 12 days with digoxin on day 8. In the cocktail study, the AUClast least squares mean (LSM) ratios (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) for cocktail + etravirine versus cocktail were 0.93 (0.88, 0.99; paraxanthine), 0.58 (0.44, 0.75; 7‐OH‐S‐warfarin), 0.43 (0.20, 0.96; 5‐OH‐omeprazole), 0.85 (0.78, 0.94; dextrorphan), and 0.69 (0.64, 0.74; midazolam). Digoxin AUC0–8h was slightly increased with etravirine coadministration (LSM ratio 1.18 [0.90, 1.56]). These data suggest that etravirine is a weak CYP3A isozyme inducer and minimally inhibits CYP2C9, 2C19, and P‐glycoprotein activity.
Recruiting Black/African American men for research on prostate cancer prevention

Black/African American men die of prostate cancer at a greater rate relative to other males. During the period from 1992 to 1998, prostate cancer incidence rates in the United States were 234.2 per 100,000 persons among non‐Hispanic black males and 144.6 per 100,000 persons among white males. The reasons for these increased rates of prostate cancer among black males are largely unknown, but increased mortality is associated with late detection. The authors conducted a longitudinal study of black men that investigated prostate cancer prevention behaviors within this population. The purpose of the current article is to identify successful recruitment strategies that were reported by participants in this study of prevention behaviors.
Is there a role for ghrelin and peptide-YY in the pathogenesis of obesity in adults with acquired structural hypothalamic damage?

CONTEXT Obesity is a common sequel to hypothalamic tumors and their treatment, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully established. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate the role of ghrelin and peptide-YY (PYY) in human hypothalamic obesity. SETTING The study took place at a University Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS Subjects included 14 adult patients (six male, eight female) with tumors of the hypothalamic region and 15 healthy controls (six male and nine female) matched for age, body mass index, and percentage of body fat. INTERVENTIONS Plasma ghrelin and total PYY were measured using RIAs after an overnight fast and 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after a mixed meal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed ghrelin, PYY, and appetite ratings. RESULTS The fall in ghrelin levels after the test meal was similar in the two groups. There was no statistically significant change postprandially in circulating PYY in the patients with hypothalamic damage. Fasting leptin levels and postprandial insulin responses were also similar in the two groups. Patients with hypothalamic damage reported higher hunger ratings at 3 h after the meal (P = 0.01) and a stronger desire to eat at 2 h (P = 0.01) and 3 h (P = 0.02) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Adult patients with structural hypothalamic damage show impaired satiety, but the changes observed in circulating ghrelin and PYY concentrations in response to a test meal do not indicate a central role for these gut hormones in the control of appetite and the pathogenesis of obesity in these patients.
The nickel ion bioavailability model of the carcinogenic potential of nickel-containing substances in the lung

The inhalation of nickel-containing dust has been associated with an increased risk of respiratory cancer in workplaces that process and refine sulfidic nickel mattes, where workers are exposed to mixtures of sulfidic, oxidic, water-soluble, and metallic forms of nickel. Because there is great complexity in the physical and chemical properties of nickel species, it is of interest which specific nickel forms are associated with carcinogenic risk. A bioavailability model for tumor induction by nickel has been proposed, based on the results of animal inhalation bioassays conducted on four nickel-containing substances. The nickel ion bioavailability model holds that a nickel-containing substance must release nickel ions that become bioavailable at the nucleus of epithelial respiratory cells for the substance to be carcinogenic, and that the carcinogenic potency of the substance is proportional to the degree to which the nickel ions are bioavailable at that site. This hypothesis updates the nickel ion theory, which holds that exposure to any nickel-containing substance leads to an increased cancer risk. The bioavailability of nickel ions from nickel-containing substances depends on their respiratory toxicity, clearance, intracellular uptake, and both extracellular and intracellular dissolution. Although some data gaps were identified, a weight-of-evidence evaluation indicates that the nickel ion bioavailability model may explain the existing animal and in vitro data better than the nickel ion theory. Epidemiological data are not sufficiently robust for determining which model is most appropriate, but are consistent with the nickel ion bioavailability model. Information on nickel bioavailability should be incorporated into future risk assessments.
Sleep problems and pain: a longitudinal cohort study in emerging adults

Abstract Sleep and pain are thought to be bidirectional related on a daily basis in adolescents with chronic pain complaints. In addition, sleep problems have been shown to predict the long-term onset of musculoskeletal pain in middle-aged adults. Yet, the long-term effects of sleep problems on pain duration and different types of pain severity in emerging adults (age: 18-25) are unknown. This study investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between sleep problems and chronic pain, and musculoskeletal pain, headache, and abdominal pain severity in a general population of emerging adults. We studied whether these relationships were moderated by sex and whether symptoms of anxiety and depression, fatigue, or physical inactivity mediated these effects. Data of participants from the longitudinal Dutch TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey were used. Follow-up data were collected in 1753 participants who participated in the fourth (N = 1668, mean age: 19.0 years [SD = 0.6]) and/or fifth (N = 1501, mean age: 22.3 years [SD = 0.6]) assessment wave. Autoregressive cross-lagged models were used for analyses. Sleep problems were associated with chronic pain, musculoskeletal pain, headache and abdominal pain severity, and predicted chronic pain and an increase in musculoskeletal pain severity at 3 years of follow-up. This prospective effect was stronger in females than in males and was mediated by fatigue but not by symptoms of anxiety and depression or physical inactivity. Only abdominal pain had a small long-term effect on sleep problems. Our results suggest that sleep problems may be an additional target for treatment in female emerging adults with musculoskeletal pain complaints.
Development and Validation of a New Technique for Assessing Lumbar Spine Motion

Study Design. Dynamic lumbar flexion–extension motions were assessed by an electrogoniometer and a videofluoroscopy unit simultaneously. Objective. To develop and validate a new technique for the assessment of lumbar spine motion. Summary of Background Data. Spine instability, a clinical condition that is common but difficult to diagnose, has been suggested to involve a characteristic change in the relation between vertebrae during motion. Assessment of lumbar instability using functional radiographs is controversial. Information regarding dynamic spine kinematics in vivo is limited. Methods. A lumbar spine motion analysis system was developed, and its reliability was assessed. Simultaneous total flexion range of motion and segmental motion of the lumbar spine were assessed in 30 healthy volunteers. Lumbar images were captured in 10° intervals during flexion–extension. Intervertebral flexion–extension of each vertebral level was calculated. Results. In flexion, the lumbar vertebrae flexed with a descending order from L1 to L5 throughout the motion. Conversely, the concavity of lumbar lordosis increased steadily in extension. No statistically significant difference in the pattern of motion was found between genders. Conclusions. The results from this study showed that the newly developed technique is reliable. It may have potential value for evaluating spine instability in clinical practice.
Individual career planning and self directed mobility: The case of UK hotel managers

This research examines the mobility patterns and career planning approaches of two hundred and eighty four hotel managers in the UK. The focus here is on self directed career planning and the labour market perspective, which it is argued is an appropriate way to examine career patterns in the hotel industry. After a discussion of this approach, the research presents the hotel managers career paths in terms of moves between jobs and the functional responsibilities of these jobs. In addition to this, evidence on personal strategies used by the respondents illustrates career planning techniques. A number of observations are made with regard to the use of the labour market, mobility patterns and personal career strategies. The study concludes by suggesting it would be useful to try and establish the link between personal career strategies and job search processes in order to show how general strategies affect behaviour when faced with decision making. The importance of this research and the application of the technique to other jobs in the tourism and hospitality industry are discussed.
Multiblock principal component analysis based on a combined index for semiconductor fault detection and diagnosis

The purposes of multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) are to improve process operations by quickly detecting when process abnormalities have occurred and diagnosing the sources of the process abnormalities. In the area of semiconductor manufacturing, increased yield and improved product quality result from reducing the amount of wafers produced under suboptimal operating conditions. This paper presents a complete MSPC application method that combines recent contributions to the field, including multiway principal component analysis (PCA), recursive PCA, fault detection using a combined index, and fault contributions from Hotelling's T/sup 2/ statistic. In addition, a method for determining multiblock fault contributions to the combined index is introduced. The effectiveness of the system is demonstrated using postlithography metrology data and plasma stripper processing tool data.
Exploring Risk-Adjusted Fiscal Sustainability Analysis for Asian Economies

The paper explores risk-based fiscal analytical approaches to complement a standard debt sustainability analysis when applied under conditions of risk and uncertainty. To outline a possible road map for risk-adjusted fiscal sustainability analysis, the paper first examines the types of vulnerability faced by different emerging economies in Asia and reviews a range of stochastic methods that attempt to explicitly incorporate risk in their analysis. Drawing on international experience, we note that the usefulness of applying a stochastic approach hinges on policy makers’ capacity to identify the sources and extent of risks in assessing fiscal sustainability, which should then allow them to simulate the impact of a hypothetical corrective action on the baseline trajectory of debt or net worth and on its stochastic distribution, including fat-tail risks of default.
Asymmetry Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Domestic Production: Evidence from Nonlinear Ardl Approach

Currency depreciation is said to have positive or negative effects on domestic production. Previous studies that tried to address this issue using Australian data have been inconclusive at best but mostly showed no effects. One common feature of all studies is that they have assumed that the effects of exchange rate changes are symmetric. In this paper, we use the concept of partial sum and separate appreciations from depreciations to test whether the effects are symmetric or asymmetric. Application of the nonlinear ARDL approach of Shin et al. (2014) reveals that indeed the effects of changes in the real effective exchange rate of the Australian dollar are asymmetric in the short run as well as in the long run. While in the short run both appreciations and depreciations affect Australian domestic production, only effects of appreciation last into the long run, a unique finding.
Treatment persistence, healthcare utilisation and costs in adult patients with major depressive disorder: a comparison between escitalopram and other SSRI/SNRIs

Abstract Objective: Compare treatment persistence, healthcare utilisation and costs for patients treated with escitalopram versus other SSRI/SNRIs in a real-world setting. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis for major depressive disorder (MDD) and at least one prescription for an SSRI or SNRI were identified from the Ingenix Impact Database (2002–2005). The baseline and study observation periods were defined as the 6 months before and after the index date (first date for an SSRI /SNRI pharmacy claim). Comparisons were made between patients initiated on escitalopram versus other SSRI/SNRIs using descriptive statistics and multivariate regressions. Results: Escitalopram patients (n=10,465) had better treatment persistence compared to patients initiated on other SSRI/SNRIs (n=28,310): the hazard ratio of all discontinuation was 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.94–0.99) for the escitalopram therapy (p=0.003), and the hazard ratio of switching to another second-generation antidepressant was 0.91 (95% CI=0.87–0.94) for the escitalopram therapy (p<0.001). Escitalopram patients also had fewer inpatient service and emergency room visits. Adjusted average total all-cause healthcare costs and inpatient services costs were $839 and $405 lower in the escitalopram group (both p<0.05). Conclusions: Escitalopram may be associated with lower healthcare utilisation and costs among adult MDD patients compared to other SSRI/SNRIs.
A 1.8 pJ/bit $16 \times 16\;\text{Gb/s}$ Source-Synchronous Parallel Interface in 32 nm SOI CMOS with Receiver Redundancy for Link Recalibration

A source-synchronous I/O architecture is reported that includes redundant receiver lanes to enable lane recalibration with reduced power and area overhead. Key features and considerations of the proposed architecture are described. A proof-of-concept 16 lane, 16 Gb/s per lane source-synchronous I/O test chip was designed and fabricated in a 32 nm SOI CMOS technology. Several circuit techniques employed in the design of this test chip are described. These include a phase rotator based on current-integrating phase interpolator cores with architecture and circuit improvements to performance as compared to prior art, an active-inductor-based RX CTLE, and an 8:1 TX serializer with 8-phase clocking. Measurements demonstrate the operation of the test chip over ultra-short-reach channels with up to 10 dB of loss with greater than 30% timing margin. The I/O circuitry operates from 1 V supplies and achieves a power efficiency of better than 2 pJ/bit, making the proposed architecture suitable for use in high-density interconnect applications required for high-performance computing systems.