Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparing for Ethical Leadership: A Longitudinal Study.

According to Johnson (2001) and Rest (1979) a leader who has developed a high level of moral reasoning will tend to make decisions that are better from an ethical/moral perspective than a leader who has achieved a lower level of moral reasoning. The mission statement at this university states that graduates will be prepared through training in critical and creative thinking as well as moral reasoning to analyze problems, propose solutions, and make responsible decisions. This paper reports the results the of a fouryear longitudinal study using the Defining Issues Test (DIT2) to evaluate the change in the level of moral reasoning demonstrated by undergraduate participants in the study.
Productivity Driven by Job Satisfaction, Physical Work Environment, Management Support and Job Autonomy

Business is driven by the necessity of building profits and adding to the value stream of the global economy. Every business across the globe looks to be highly productive and extremely lean and efficient. High productivity has many driving factors and those factors will be dissected and thoroughly examined to determine their effectiveness in altering productivity in the workplace. The research conducted shows the importance of being able to balance job satisfaction, ergonomics of the physical workplace, management support, and autonomy of the workforce to build a productive work environment. The research showed that job satisfaction correlates heavily with job performance and work output of staff. The physical work environment and how it affects productivity was researched and gave strong signs the two are related in many ways. Also, management support, as well as autonomy of the workforce proved to be leading factors in determining the level of productivity in the workplace. Through research and literature review, dissatisfied employees, poor working conditions, unsupportive management and alienation among team members drives poor performance and low productivity. In conclusion of the research on this topic, there will be a study done to help in supporting the literature findings. There was a survey conducted with one hundred office employees of a manufacturing plant which gives evidence and insight as to what variables really drive high productivity in the workplace.
Stock Market Development, Foreign Direct Investment and Macroeconomic Stability: Evidence from Nigeria

Stock market development is not only important in economic development of a nation, it is also an important indicator of future economic activity and a nation’s economic strength. This paper employs the Johensen co-integration and the error correction mechanism (ECM) techniques to examine the impact of foreign direct investment and macroeconomic stability (exchange rate and inflation rate) on the level of development of the Nigerian stock market over the peiod 1981-2010. The results reveal that a long run relationship exists between the variables and FDI was found to have a positive but insignificant impact on stock market development. The results also demonstrate that inflation rate has a negative insignificant effect but exchange rate has a significant and negative relationship with stock market development. The paper recommends that foreign firms operating in the Nigeria’s oil and gas and telecommunication sectors should be encouraged to be listed to promote the development of the market. This should be complemeted with policies that will promote macroeconomic stability to attract more foreign direct investment and making the contribution of the foreign direct investment meaningful to the economy. Keywords: Stock market development, FDI, macroeconomic stability, error correction model, Nigeria
Two-phase jet releases and droplet dispersion: rainout experiments and model validation

Many accidents involve two-phase releases of hazardous chemicals into the atmosphere. This paper describes the results of the fourth phase of a Joint Industry Project (JIP) on liquid jets and two-phase droplet dispersion. The objective of Phase IV of the JIP was to generate experimental rainout data for non-flashing experiments (water and xylene), and to develop recommendations for the best methodology to predict rainout [total rainout mass and its spatial distribution (‘distributed’ rainout)]. A range of orifice sizes and stagnation pressures were applied. Measurements included flow rate, initial droplet size, plume concentrations/temperatures at a range of downstream locations, and distributed rainout. A photographic technique instead of the PDA method was used which allowed measurement of the larger, non-spherical, droplets. This enabled a more accurate evaluation of the initial droplet size distribution and the initial averaged droplet size (Sauter Mean Diameter, SMD). In addition, still photographs and video records were made of the jets. Model validation was carried out for the above experiments using two different correlations for the initial droplet size, i.e. the CCPS SMD correlation and the Phase III JIP SMD correlation. The validation includes flow rates, droplet size, distributed rainout, cloud temperature drop and cloud concentrations. Subsequently validation was considered for a wider range of experiments from the literature (sub-cooled and superheated releases) for both SMD and total rainout. Adopted rainout methods comprised both methods including explicit modeling of the droplets (using an extended version of Phast dispersion model UDM), as well as more simple methods based on rainout correlations without droplet modeling. Recommendations are made for most accurate droplet size and rainout modeling.
Population dynamics of the Bombay duck, Harpodonsehereus (Ham.), off Saurashtra coast

The growth parameters estimated for H.nehereus are K=0.7618, L =425^ mm and t„=0.00789 yrs. The total mortality coefficient (Z) varied between 2.331 and 3.168 during 1979-'84. Yield per recruit (Yw/ R) was estimated at 10.819g at F max 1.048. The size at first capture is very low (0.21 year), however, there is no possibility to fish dose to optimum age at exploitation (ty) in view of low catch registered in the-higher sized mesh dal net of 30 and 40mm. The estimated maximum sustainable yield (MSY) was at 44,0661 and the average yield was 44,0641 along the Saurashtra coast. In view of high Z during February to May and low percentage of commercial sized fish, suitable management strategy to be adopted are discussed in the paper.
IMPACT OF JUTE RETTING ON PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY AND AQUATIC HEALTH: BIOMONITORING IN A TROPICAL OXBOW LAKE

Phytoplankton acts as a primary producer and biological filter of aquatic ecosystem. Jute retting during monsoon is a common anthropological activity in the rural Bengal. Quantitative seasonal bio-monitoring of phytoplankton community composition with relative abundance and its diversity indices was carried out in this study from April 2013 to March 2014 to assess water quality and the impact of jute retting on phytoplankton diversity of a tropical fresh water oxbow lake in Nadia district of India. We recorded a total of 34 genera of 5 distinct classes, Chlorophyceae (15), Bacillariophyceae (13), Cyanophyceae (4), Dinophyceae (1) and Euglenophyceae (1). Members of Chlorophyceae dominated throughout the year. Unlike Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae was found to be significantly increased during monsoon when compared to the rest of the year. Average phytoplankton density was highest in post-monsoon (8760/L) followed by monsoon (4680/L) and pre-monsoon (3650/L). Owing to the dominance of class Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae we found this lake to be oligotrophic to mesotrophic. Indices values of genera richness, Shannon-Wiener, evenness and Simpson’s diversity reached their lowest 14, 1.61, 0.61 and 0.68 in monsoon and highest 23, 2.42, 0.77 and 0.86 in post monsoon respectively. The lowest diversity values during monsoon clearly suggested that the selected lake has highest anthropogenic pollution due to jute retting which impacted significantly on phytoplankton diversity. Therefore, the lake is not conducive for fish growth especially during monsoon and we opine that there is a need to regulate jute retting process, intensity and its density in the lake during the monsoon to ensure enhanced biodiversity for sustainable management and conservation of aquatic environment of this Oxbow lake.
An Estimation of the Pattern of Diffusion of Mobile Phones: The Case of Colombia

In this paper we fond that the difusion pattern of mobile telephony in Colombia can be best haracterised as following a Logistic curve. Although in recent years the rate of growth of mobile phone subscribers has started to slow down, we find evidence that there is still room for further expansion as thesaturation level is expected to be reached in five years time. The estimated saturation level is consistent with some individuals possessing more than one mobile device.
TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE BUCHANS AREA: A COMPOSITE OF ORDOVICIAN AND SILURIAN TERRANES?

The Buchans Group comprises a thrust imbricated peri-Laurentian continental-arc sequence that hosts the world-class Buchans VMS ore bodies. The overall structure of the Buchans Group is more complex than the simple Ordovician antiformal thrust stack that has been proposed in the literature, to date. Re-evaluation of the regional geology, outside of the mine area, suggests it is a composite terrane comprising several tectonically juxtaposed, but unrelated units, and that it has a complex structural history under sub-greenschist- to upper-amphibolite-facies conditions. The footwall of the Hungry Mountain thrust, which separates the Buchans Group from Notre Dame arc plutons, is marked by an amphibolite-facies ophiolite belt, herein termed the Harry's River ophiolite complex. Other units that should perhaps be excluded from a redefined Buchans Group include the volcanic rocks, herein termed the Seal Pond formation and Mary March Brook formation. The Ken's Brook formation, traditionally included in the Buchans Group, more closely resembles Silurian volcanic rocks associated with the Topsails Igneous Suite. If the Ken's Brook formation is indeed of Silurian age, its involvement in the thrusting suggests that the structure of the Buchans Group results from the superposition of Taconic and Salinic south–southeast-directed thrust and fold belts, consistent with the regional tectonic history of this part of the Newfoundland Appalachians.
The Empirical Validation of Double / Debiased Machine Learning

In this paper, a complementary method to classical statistical modeling such as ordinary least squares, and instrumental variables estimation, is introduced. This method, double/debiased machine learning, is applied in the presence of a high-dimensional nuisance parameter set, which possibly interferes with the estimator for the treatment effect. The following techniques are introduced and thoroughly examined: lasso, random forests, neural nets, boosted trees, and an ensemble method. Thereafter, estimates obtained by these techniques are compared to those obtained by traditional OLS and IV estimation. Specifically, research results obtained from Nunn and Wantchekon (2011) and Acemoglu et al. (2005) are used to empirically examine this nonparametric estimation. The hypothesis that DML performs better out-of-sample estimations is supported by Nunn and Wantchekon (2011), which therefore questions the reliability of classical statistical modeling. This hypothesis can not be confirmed nor refuted by Acemoglu et al. (2005).
Energy and enstrophy transfer in numerical simulations of two-dimensional turbulence

Numerical simulations of statistically steady two‐dimensional (2‐D) turbulence are analyzed to determine the relative importance of the types of wave‐vector triad interactions that transfer energy and enstrophy in the both the energy and enstrophy inertial ranges. In the enstrophy inertial range, it is found (in agreement with previous studies [J. Fluid Mech. 72, 305 (1975); Phys. Fluids A 2, 1529 (1990)]) that the important triads (i.e., those associated with the highest transfer rates) are typically very elongated. On the average, nearly all of the enstrophy transfer within these triads is directed from the intermediate to the largest wave‐number mode (i.e., downscale transfer). Energy, too, is transferred downscale in this manner, but is also transferred upscale due to the interaction of the intermediate with the smallest wave‐number mode of the triad, resulting in no net flux of energy in the enstrophy inertial range. Analysis of the geometry of the important triads indicates they are not of similar s.
The effects of drought stress on the activity of acid phosphatase and its protective enzymes in pigweed leaves

A model of drought was created on pigweed and the effects of drought stress on the activity of acid phosphatase and its protective enzymes were examined. The pot-cultured pigweeds were divided into 4 groups (ten plants per group) when they reached 6 leaves. (1) In the control group, the culture media contained 70 - 85% of field moisture capacity, (2) In the second group, the mild drought stress group, the culture media contained 50 - 60% of field moisture capacity, (3) The moderate drought stress group had a culture media that contained 40 - 50% of field moisture capacity; (4) The severe drought stress group culture media contained 30 - 40% of field moisture capacity. All through the process of the present study, the pigweed plants were cultured under natural conditions on the rooftop of the laboratory building; though transferred indoor in rainy days to avoid the influence of natural precipitation. The plants were sampled and detected every five days after the administration of drought stress. The results clearly demonstrated that the drought stress significantly enhanced the activity of acid phosphatase, membrane permeability and MDA contents; though the activity of acid phosphatase declined after a certain time of drought stress, the extent of membrane permeability and MDA contents still increased with the time. The membrane permeability and MDA contents were correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.963, 0.971 and 0.939 under mild, moderate and severe drought stress, respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxide dismutase (POD) and hydrogen peroxidase (CAT) was also enhanced with increase in the intensity of drought stress or the prolongation of drought stress at first and then decreased some time afterwards. It was concluded that drought stress enhanced the activity of acid phosphatase, membrane permeability and MDA in the pigweed plants, which was able to resist a certain drought stress by enhancing the activity of protective enzymes. However, excessive drought stress markedly affected the metabolic systems of enzyme and decreased the activity of enzyme.
Direct observation of microscopic change induced by oxygen vacancy drift in amorphous TiO2 thin films

To clarify the resistive switching and failure mechanisms in Al/amorphous TiO2/Al devices we investigate the microscopic change in amorphous titanium oxide films and interface layers after the set process according to film deposition temperatures. For low temperature (<150 °C) samples, the thickness of top interface layer decreased after the set process due to the dissociation of a top interface layer by uniform migration of oxygen vacancies. Meanwhile, for high temperature samples, crystalline TiO phases emerged in the failed state, meaning the formation of conducting paths from the local clustering of oxygen vacancies in nonhomogeneous titanium oxide film.
Entrepreneurship Development through Anthurium Flower – A Case Study of Mizoram, North-East India

Anthurium is one of the most popular of the tropical cut flowers which are being grown commercially for export as well as for the local market. The average life span of a shade house and Hi-tech structure is about seven years and ten years respectively. A large percentage of the anthurium is marketed sold outside Mizoram to states like Kolkata, Bangalore, Mumbai and Delhi through Bangalore based exporter, ZOPAR Export Ltd. After proper packing, the flowers are first flown to Kolkata and then to Bangalore, Mumbai or Delhi. Total marketing expenses incurred by farmer is worked out to be Rs.0. 79 per stem, of which cleaning and sorting consumed highest share of the marketing cost incurred by producer. The average price spread was found Rs.14. 43 per stem. The anthurium growers get good return if they sell their produce through ZOPAR (wholesaler) instead of selling to the retailer in the state as there is fluctuation of demand in the state. Gender plays an important role in entrepreneurship development through anthurium cultivation in Mizoram. Education of the female household head (FHEDU), project assistance (ASSIST) in the form of costs, technological information, net and seedlings; income of the households (INCOME) and availability of credit facilities (CREDIT) exert positive impact whereas age of the female head (FHAGE) have negative impact.
Dosimetric accuracy of the Acuros XB and Anisotropic analytical algorithm near interface of the different density media for the small fields of a 6- MV flattening-filter-free beam

Background: This study was conducted to assess the accuracy of dose calcula on near the air-phantom interface of a heterogeneous phantom for Acuros XB (AXB) and Anisotropic Analy cal Algorithm (AAA) algorithm of a 6-MV fla! ening-filter-free beam, compared with film measurements. Materials and Methods: A phantom included air gap was specially manufactured for this study. In order to evaluate the dose near air gapphantom interface, Eclipse treatment planning system equipped both AXB and AAA was used for the dose calcula ons. Measurements in this region were performed with radiochromic film. The central-axis dose (CAD) and offaxis dose (OAD) between calcula ons and measurements were analyzed for various field sizes and air gaps. The root-mean-square-error (RMSE) was used to evaluate the difference between the calculated and measured OAD. In order to quan fy agreement between the calculated and measured dose distribu ons, the gamma analysis was performed with the 2%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm criteria. Results: For all fields traveling through 1 and 3 cm air gap, the maximum difference in the calculated CAD was -5.3% for AXB and 214.8% for AAA, compared to the measured CAD. For the RMSE between the calculated and measured OAD, the calculated OAD using AXB showed interval in the RMSE (from 4.4 to 12.7) while using AAA indicated broad (from 7.7 to 101.0). In addi on, the gamma passing rates showed that AXB was higher agreement than AAA. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that AXB was more accurate in heterogeneous media near air-phantom interface than AAA when comparing the measured data.
Multiwavelength VLT/SPHERE polarimetric differential imaging

Context. The protoplanetary disk around the F-type star HD 135344B (SAO 206462) is in a transition stage and shows many intriguing structures both in scattered light and thermal (sub-)millimeter emission which are possibly related to planet formation processes. Aims. We study the morphology and surface brightness of the disk in scattered light to gain insight into the innermost disk regions, the formation of protoplanets, planet-disk interactions traced in the surface and midplane layers, and the dust grain properties of the disk surface. Methods. We have carried out high-contrast polarimetric differential imaging (PDI) observations with VLT/SPHERE and obtained polarized scattered light images with ZIMPOL in Rand I-band and with IRDIS in Yand J-band. The scattered light images and surface brightness profiles are used to study in detail structures in the disk surface and brightness variations. We have constructed a 3D radiative transfer model to support the interpretation of several detected shadow features. Results. The scattered light images reveal with unprecedented angular resolution and sensitivity the spiral arms as well as the 25 au cavity of the disk. Multiple shadow features are discovered on the outer disk with one shadow only being present during the second observation epoch. A positive surface brightness gradient is observed in the stellar irradiation corrected (r2-scaled) images in southwest direction possibly due to an azimuthally asymmetric perturbation of the temperature and/or surface density by the passing spiral arms. The disk integrated polarized flux, normalized to the stellar flux, shows a positive trend towards longer wavelengths which we attribute to large (2πa & λ) aggregate dust grains in the disk surface. Part of the the non-azimuthal polarization signal in the Uφ image of the J-band observation could be the result of multiple scattering in the disk. Conclusions. The detected shadow features and their possible variability have the potential to provide insight into the structure of and processes occurring in the innermost disk regions. Possible explanations for the presence of the shadows include a 22◦ misaligned inner disk, a warped disk region that connects the inner disk with the outer disk, and variable or transient phenomena such as a perturbation of the inner disk or asymmetric accretion flows. The spiral arms are best explained by one or multiple protoplanets in the exterior of the disk although no gap is detected beyond the spiral arms up to 1. ′′0.
Effects of Cypermethrin on Condition Factor and Organosomatic Indices of Clarias Gariepinus

The effect of sublethal exposure of Clarias gariepinus (mean length 29.47±1.88cm; mean weight 276.44±81.91g) to cypermethrin (0.00 – control, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.25mlL -1 ) for 10 days on the condition factor (k) and organosomatic indices such as Renatosomatic index (RSL), Hepatosomatic Index (HIS), Spleenosomatic Index (SSI) and Cardiosomotic (CSI). The results obtained from the study indicated no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the initial (K1) and final (K2) condition factor. In all the organosomatic indices used to assess response to stress in fish exposed to cypermethrin, significant increase (P<0.05) was observed in RSI, while the values of HIS decreased significantly when compared to the control after 10days. The values of SSI and CSI obtained during the trial were within the same range, as no significant changes was observed. Hence, in monitoring pollution of aquatic environment when administering cypermethrin, HIS and RSI will be a good biomarker of pollution effect on Clarias gariepinus .
Persistence in Nonlinear Time Series: A Nonparametric Approach

The purpose of the present paper is to relate two important concepts of time series analysis, namely, nonlinearity and persistence. Traditional measures of persistence are based on correlations or periodograms, which may be inappropriate under nonlinearity and/or non-Gaussianity. This article proves that nonlinear persistence can be characterized by cumulative measures of dependence. The new cumulative measures are nonparametric, simple to estimate and do not require the use of any smoothing user-chosen parameters. In addition, we propose nonparametric estimates of our measures and establish their limiting properties. Finally, we employ our measures to analyze the nonlinear persistence properties of some international stock market indices, where we find an ubiquitous nonlinear persistence in conditional variance that is not accounted for by popular parametric models or by classical linear measures of persistence. This finding has important economic implications in, e.g., asset pricing and hedging. Conditional variance persistence in bull and bear markets is also analyzed and compared.