Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visualization of Alternative Epstein-Barr Virus Expression Programs by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization at the Cell Level

ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transforms human B lymphocytes into immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). They regularly express six virally encoded nuclear proteins (EBNA1 to EBNA6) and three membrane proteins (LMP1, LMP2A, and LMP2B). In contrast, EBV-carrying Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells in vivo and derived type I cell lines that maintain the BL phenotype express only EBNA1. During prolonged in vitro culturing, most EBV-carrying BL lines drift toward a more immunoblastic (type II or III) phenotype. Their viral antigen expression is upregulated in parallel. We have used fluorescent in situ hybridization to visualize viral transcripts in type I and III BL lines and LCLs. In type I cells, EBNA1 is encoded by a monocistronic message that originates from the Qp promoter. In type III cells, the EBNA1 transcript is spliced from a giant polycistronic message that originates from one of several alternative Wp or Cp promoters and encodes all six EBNAs. We have obtained a “track” signal with aBamHI W DNA probe that could hybridize with the polycistronic but not with the monocistronic message in two type III BL lines (Namalwa-Cl8 and MUTU III) and three LCLs (LCL IB4-D, LCL-970402, and IARC-171). A BamHI K probe that can hybridize to both the monocistronic and the polycistronic message visualized the same pattern in the type III BLs and the LCLs as the BamHI W probe. A positive signal was obtained with the BamHI K but not the BamHI W probe in the type I BL lines MUTU I and Rael. The RNA track method can thus distinguish between cells that use a type III and those that use a type I program. The former cells hybridize with both the W and the K probes, but the latter cells hybridize with only the K probe. Our findings may open the way for studies of the important but still unanswered question of whether cells with type I latency arise from immunoblasts with a full type III program or are generated by a separate pathway during primary infection.
Different effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on lipid metabolism in mouse cultured liver explants

Pioglitazone (PIO) and rosiglitazone (ROSI) are widely used as oral antidiabetic agents for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Although these medications exert similar effects on blood glucose, recent clinical studies indicated that PIO has a more pronounced beneficial effect on lipid parameters than ROSI. In order to get further insight into the lipid effects of both drugs, we tested whether PIO, compared to ROSI, could exert direct effects on lipid liver metabolism in relation with plasma lipids.
A 12GHz 22dB-gain-control SiGe bipolar VGA with 2° phase shift variation

A 12GHz VGA is presented that shows a gain control from -9dB to 13dB in a linear-in-dB fashion. As the gain is changed, the phase shift over the entire 10 to 14.4 GHz bandwidth varies as little as ≤2° due to a compensation circuitry that reduces the input-output phase shift sensitivity to gain variations. The VGA prototypes, implemented in a SiGe bipolar technology, show a noise figure of 5.1 dB, an IIP3 of -3dBm, and a power consumption of 83mW.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a threat to work productivity: a nationwide register-based incidence study from Finland

1. Pralahad S, O’Brien E, Fraser A, Kerber R, Mineau G, Pratt D, et al. Familial aggregation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:4022–7. 2. Stagi S, Giani T, Simonini G, Falcini F. Thyroid function, autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology 2005;44:517–20. 3. Lepore L, Martelossi S, Pennesi M, Falcini F, Ermini M, Ferrari R, et al. Prevalence of coeliac disease in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis. J Pediatrics 1996;129:311–13. 4. Tuomilehto J, Karvonen M, Pitkäniemi J, Virtala E, Kohtamaki K, Toivanen E, et al. Record-high incidence of Type 1 (insulindependent) diabetes mellitus in Finnish children. Diabetologia 1999;42:655–60. 5. Harjutsalo V, Sjoberg L, Tuomilehto J. Time trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Finnish children: a cohort study. Lancet 2008;371:1777–82. 6. Maki M, Mustalahti K, Kokkonen J, Kulmala P, Haapalahti M, Karttunen T, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease among children in Finland. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2517–24. 7. Rallison M, Dobyns B, Keating R, Rall J, Tyler F. Occurrence and natural history of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in childhood. J Pediatrics 1975;86:675–82. 8. Maenpaa J, Raatikka M, Räsänen J, Taskinen E, Wager O. Natural course of juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis. J Pediatrics 1985;107:898–904. 9. Harel L, Prais D, Uziel Y, Mukamel M, Hashkes P, Harel G, et al. Increased prevalence of antithyroid antibodies and subclinical hypothyroidism in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2006;33:164–6. 10. Alpigiani M, Haupt R, Parodi S, Calcagno A, Poggi E, Lorini R. Coeliac disease in 108 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008;26:62.
Drusen and the misleading optic disc

Optic disc drusen are acellular calcified deposits occurring in small optic discs. They have a prevalence of up to approximately 2% and are bilateral in 75% of cases. Their size and fundosc pic visibility increase with age, and they are commonly responsible for the misdiagnosis of papilloedema by the unwary. Although largely asymptomatic, they can be associated with vascular problems affecting the optic nerve. Ocular ultrasonography is the most sensitive method for their detection. This article highlights their commonly encountered clinical presentations and the practical aspects of diagnosis and management.
Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis as a Control Agent for Adult Anopheles gambiae

Abstract Unlike the application of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) for the control of larval mosquitoes, studies of its effects on adults, for its possible use in attractive toxic sugar baits, have resulted in conflicting results. Five species have shown a decrease in adult survival due to Bti ingestion, whereas adults of Anopheles arabiensis have not. We sought to determine if ingestion of Bti by adults of Anopheles gambiae, a sibling species of An. arabiensis, increases their mortality. Laboratory-reared adults were provided continuously from emergence with water only, a sucrose solution, or a Bti suspension in sucrose solution. After 3 days, the Bti suspension was replaced with untainted sucrose solution. The mosquitoes with only water were all dead by day 3. The survivorships of those in the sucrose and sucrose-Bti treatments were insignificantly different, both with an LT50 (Lethal Time, time until 50% of individuals died) of 25 days. The results support the conclusion that adult survivorship of An. gambiae–complex members is unaffected by the ingestion of Bti in sugar meals.
Measuring the effects of sevoflurane on electroencephalogram using sample entropy

Monitoring the effect of anesthetic drugs on the neural system is a major ongoing challenge for anesthetists. During the past few years, several electroencephalogram (EEG)‐based methods such as the response entropy (RE) as implemented in the Datex‐Ohmeda M‐Entropy Module have been proposed. In this paper, sample entropy is used to quantify the predictability of EEG series, which could provide an index to show the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia. The dose–response relation of sample entropy is compared with that of RE.
Meal frequency and coffee intake in colon cancer.

Several studies suggested that frequent eating may increase colon cancer risk. To further clarify this issue, a case-control study was carried out in six areas of Italy on 1,225 incident cases < 75 years of age with histologically confirmed colon cancer and 4,154 control subjects. The controls were hospitalized for acute, nonneoplastic conditions unrelated to long-term dietary modifications. After allowance for education, physical activity, intake of vegetables, and major energy sources, there was a trend of increasing risk with increasing eating frequency (odds ratio for > or = 4 vs. < or = 2 daily meals = 1.24). Coffee intake, which was inversely associated with cancer risk, exerted a modification effect, with an odds ratio of 1.89 for frequent eaters who drank fewer than two cups of coffee per day. Frequent eating increases, whereas high coffee intake decreases, the excretion of bile acids, which are suspected to be carcinogenic to the colon. Thus, it is conceivable that frequent coffee intake may counterbalance the effect of frequent eating.
A crisis in medical education. Thoughts on listening to a conference on medical education for the 21st century.

ON MARCH 1 and 2, 1984, the faculty of The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, celebrated its sesquicentennial by holding a conference, with nine distinguished speakers, entitled Medical Education for the 21st Century. 1 It occurred to us, the major architects of this symposium, that it might be useful to record a consolidated and somewhat impressionistic view of what we learned. This article represents our reflections, as stimulated by both formal talks and informal discussions, during this excellent conference. THE WORLD OF MEDICINE AS IT MOVES THROUGH TIME Much discussion at the conference focused on the global concept of the "world of medicine": the world in which medical education takes place. No totally satisfactory term can be found for this large and complex "world of medicine. " It includes such components as biomedical science; medical practice; the entire health care delivery system; medical economics; health professions education; the public's perceptions
Image Recovery by Decomposition with Component-Wise Regularization

Solving image recovery problems requires the use of some efficient regularizations based on a priori information with respect to the unknown original image. Naturally, we can assume that an image is modeled as the sum of smooth, edge, and texture components. To obtain a high quality recovered image, appropriate regularizations for each individual component are required. In this paper, we propose a novel image recovery technique which performs decomposition and recovery simultaneously. We formulate image recovery as a nonsmooth convex optimization problem and design an iterative scheme based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for approximating its global minimizer efficiently. Experimental results reveal that the proposed image recovery technique outperforms a state-of-the-art method. key words: image recovery, decomposition, regularization, sparsity, convex optimization, alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)
Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: Plasma Levels, Hemodynamic, Hormonal, and Renal Effects in Patients with Severe Congestive Heart Failure

The effects of human α-natriuretic peptide (α-ANP) were investigated in seven patients with severe congestive heart failure by incremental bolus injections and by a continuous infusion for 30 min. α-ANP was measured in plasma before and after administration. We found a significant inverse correlation between basal levels of a-ANP and cardiac output. The administration of α-ANP resulted in a fall of peripheral vascular resistance, an increase in cardiac output, a relatively small decrease in blood pressure, and almost no change in pulmonary arterial pressure. α-ANP inhibits aldosterone and cortisol secretion and enhances diuresis and urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone was reduced in two of the patients after the continuous infusion. Plasma renin concentration, norepinephrine, vasopressin, and plasma levels of 6-keto prostaglandin F1-α and prostaglandin E2 were unchanged. A small but significant decrease of serum potassium was observed.
Crystal structure of 4-methyl-N-{[1-(4-methylbenzoyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl}benzamide

In the title compound, C22H27N2O2, the piperidine ring adopts a half-chair conformation with the benzene rings inclined in a trans orientation with respect to the piperidine ring [dihedral angle between the benzene rings = 89.1 (1)°]. In the crystal, a three-centre asymmetric N—H⋯O/C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interaction leads to the formation of chains extending along the a-axis direction.
Physicians' attitudes toward homosexuality--survey of a California County Medical Society.

ATTITUDES OF PHYSICIANS toward homosexuality have been infrequently assessed. In most such studies attitudes toward etiology, morality, legality and attempts to reverse the condition have been emphasized. A landmark event in the evolution of professional attitudes toward homosexuality in the United States was the deletion of homosexuality per se from the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III) of the American Psychiatric Association in 1973. Yet, controversy continues in both professional and lay circles about how homosexual persons should be considered in society. Physicians' attitudes are important because of their normative role in society' and because of the possible impact of such attitudes on the structure and quality ofpatient care.2 This study was conducted to ascertain physician attitudes toward homosexuality in general and toward homosexual colleagues and patients in particular. It is significant and fortuitous that the study was undertaken just before widespread publicity linking the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with male homosexual behavior. Preliminary results have been published previously.
Apo E allele frequencies in younger (age 42–50) vs older (age 65–90) women

Allelic variation at the apolipoprotien E (Apo E) structural locus has been shown to influence concentrations of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). Apo E has six phenotypes resulting from three common alleles at this locus. The ϵ2 allele is associated with lower LDL‐C and the ϵ4 allele with higher LDL‐C. In the current study, we compared the ϵ allele distribution in two cohorts of white women recruited from population based listing of southwestern Pennsylvania. The “younger” cohort consisted of 473 women, age 42–50; the “older” cohort, 870 women, age 65–90. A comparison of the overall distribution of allele frequencies in the two cohorts was significantly different. The allele frequency of ϵ4 was lower in the older cohort (0.98 vs. 0.122, P = 1.08) and the ϵ2 allele frequency was higher (0.084 vs. 0.059, P = 0.05) in the older cohort. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that there may be a selection against individuals with the ϵ4 allele. However, future research is needed to confirm this observation and to compare survival in individuals by their ϵ allele. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss. Inc.
Treatment of Tinnitus with Tocainide Hydrochloride

Intravenous (IV) injection of lidocaine was used in patients with tinnitus for combined treatment with oral anticonvulsants carbamazepine (Tegretol) and primidone (Mysoline). In most cases, the high complication rate with these drugs precluded their long-term use. Tocainide hydrochloride (HCI), a primary amine analog of lidocaine, can be taken orally and was evaluated for the use in the treatment of tinnitus. A double-blind study in which one group received 200 mg tocainide HCI four times a day and one group received a placebo revealed no significant differences in tinnitus relief between the two groups. A single-blind study in which 600 mg tocainide HCI four times a day was administered showed 80% to 90% tinnitus relief in five of the six patients who tolerated the drug. Tocainide HCI treatment of tinnitus is promising.
Half‐life of CINH in hereditary angioneurotic oedema (HAE) *

The half‐life of125I labelled CINH was determined in patients with HAE and normal controls. There was no significant difference between these two groups. The half‐life in the HAE patients was 67.7 hr ± 4.9 hr (s.d.) and in the normals 64 hr± 1.4 hr (s.d.). This finding is consistent with a defect in synthesis as an explanation of the low serum C1NH levels in HAE patients.
Decreasing Foot Pressures While Implementing Topical Negative Pressure (Vacuum-Assisted Closure) Therapy

Over the past generation, there have been a number of significant advances in wound healing in general. Unfortunately, much of this has not translated into increased success in healing wounds on the sole of the foot. We believe that much of this therapeutic disconnect has to do with an inadequate merging of pressure off-loading technologies and active wound-healing technologies. This article discusses such a merger between removable cast walkers and topical negative pressure (also known as vacuum-assisted closure).
Photometric Stereo beyond Glass: Active Separation of Transparent Layer and Five-Light Photometric Stereo with M-Estimator Using Laplace Distribution for a Virtual Museum

One of the necessary techniques for constructing a virtual museum is to digitize the artwork arranged inside a glass or acrylic display case without bringing the artwork out of the display case. By using photometric stereo, we estimate the shape (surface normal) and the reflectance (albedo) of the artwork arranged inside a transparent display case. If we illuminate the display case, the light will reflect at its surface; thus, we cannot apply conventional photometric stereo as is. In this paper, we propose a fivelight photometric stereo that estimates the shape and the reflectance of an object that has specularities under the circumstances that the light is reflected at the surface of the display case.
Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD): Effects of EGb 761®

Dementia patients often present with behavioural and psychological symptoms, with prevalence rates reaching 90%. It is therefore important to know whether an antidementia drug that improves cognitive function can also reduce the burden of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, and whether it can improve cognitive function in patients suffering from such non-cognitive symptoms. Therefore, three types of study with Ginkgo special extract EGb 761® (definition see editorial) were reviewed: 1) studies on patients with impairment of cerebral function or dementia associated with behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD); 2) studies on patients suffering from impairment of cerebral function and depression; 3) dementia studies on patient samples with a high prevalence of BPSD. Compared to placebo, EGb 761® improved these symptoms significantly in all studies that used a scale to measure the presence and intensity of BPSD. Moreover, EGb 761® was found to be superior to placebo with respect to improvement in cognitive function, daily living activities and global assessment in dementia patients suffering from BPSD. It may be concluded that EGb 761® is of particular interest to patients with dementia and BPSD since it improves both the patient's cognitive ability and behavioural and psychological symptoms.
The pervasiveness of e-readiness in the global built environment arena

Purpose – Electronic readiness (e‐readiness) presents a measure to which an organisation or business may be ready, prepared or willing to obtain benefits which arise from the digital economy. In this context, an advanced state of organisational e‐readiness is needed for businesses to expand domestically and internationally; to compete readily in the global open market. It is therefore imperative that organisations align their business strategies with e‐readiness strategies. This paper aims to focus on these issues.Design/methodology/approach – The paper investigates the initiation, development and practice of e‐readiness of nations, and presents a case for possible adoption for the built environment area. By combining key indicators of e‐readiness of nations and achieving business success and competitive advantage, the pervasiveness of e‐readiness within the built environment arena is determined. The validity of this initial research is further endorsed through industry collaboration research.Findings – T.
Relative Contributions of PM2.5 Chemical Constituents to Acute Arterial Vasoconstriction in Humans

Studies have shown associations between acute ambient particulate matter (PM) levels and increases in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. We have previously reported in 24 healthy adults that exposure to concentrated ambient particles plus ozone (CAP + O3) caused a mean decrease of 0.09 mm in brachial artery diameter (BAD), which was significantly larger than a mean increase of 0.01 mm among the same individuals exposed to filtered air (FA). Our current objective is to examine the relationship between total and constituent PM2.5 mass concentrations and the acute vascular response. We have analyzed both ambient and exposure filters from the brachial artery study for major chemical constituents, allowing us to compare the strength of the associations between each constituent and an individual's arterial response. We determined gravimetric PM2.5 mass concentration and inorganic ion content from exposure filters. Twenty-three-hour ambient PM2.5 filters collected from the same site and on the same day were used to estimate exposure concentrations of trace elements and organic and elemental carbon. We performed linear regression analyses on the levels of measured or estimated PM constituents using each subject's FA exposure as a control. We found, from our regression analyses, a significant negative association between both the organic and elemental carbon concentrations and the difference in the postexposure change in the BAD (Δ BAD) between and CAP + O3 and FA exposure days. An understanding of the PM constituents most responsible for adverse health outcomes is critical for efforts to develop pollution abatement strategies that maximize benefits to public health.
Vagal innervation of the air sacs in a songbird, Taenopygia guttata

The air sacs of birds are thin‐walled chambers connected to the lung that act as bellows in the ventilatory mechanism. Physiological evidence exists to suggest that they may contain receptors that are innervated by the vagus nerve, but no morphological study has examined the vagal innervation of these putative structures. To do this, we injected the cervical vagus nerve with choleragenoid and examined the innervation of the air sacs using light and confocal microscopy. We identified vagally innervated structures in the air sac wall that resemble the neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) described in the airways of many vertebrates. Although NEBs have been proposed to have a dual chemoreceptive and mechanoreceptive role, their specific function in the air sacs of birds remains unclear.