Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pesticides reduce symbiotic efficiency of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and host plants

Unprecedented agricultural intensification and increased crop yield will be necessary to feed the burgeoning world population, whose global food demand is projected to double in the next 50 years. Although grain production has doubled in the past four decades, largely because of the widespread use of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation promoted by the “Green Revolution,” this rate of increased agricultural output is unsustainable because of declining crop yields and environmental impacts of modern agricultural practices. The last 20 years have seen diminishing returns in crop yield in response to increased application of fertilizers, which cannot be completely explained by current ecological models. A common strategy to reduce dependence on nitrogenous fertilizers is the production of leguminous crops, which fix atmospheric nitrogen via symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria, in rotation with nonleguminous crops. Here we show previously undescribed in vivo evidence that a subset of organochlorine pesticides, agrichemicals, and environmental contaminants induces a symbiotic phenotype of inhibited or delayed recruitment of rhizobia bacteria to host plant roots, fewer root nodules produced, lower rates of nitrogenase activity, and a reduction in overall plant yield at time of harvest. The environmental consequences of synthetic chemicals compromising symbiotic nitrogen fixation are increased dependence on synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer, reduced soil fertility, and unsustainable long-term crop yields.
Dentofacial Changes in Untreated Class II Division 1 Subjects

Basic descriptive cephalometric data are presented for 30 individuals with untreated Class II Division 1 malocclusions, 15 males and 15 females. Two radiographs of each subject were examined, the mean age for the first being 12 years one month, and for the second 17 years five months, thus spanning the period during which orthodontic treatment is usually carried out. Mean values for 38 bony and dentoalveolar parameters were calculated, and the male and female groups were compared. There was a tendency on average to a mild skeletal II pattern, with mild mandibular retrognathism. The mean increase in many of the linear measurements in the males was up to three times that seen in the females, and the females had a more downwards and backwards pattern of mandibular growth rotation than the males.
Leachate seepage from landfill: a source of groundwater mercury contamination in South Africa

Mercury has been used for many centuries in the production of consumer products such as thermometers, electrical switches, fluorescent light bulbs, batteries, biocides and pesticides, cosmetics and dental amalgam filling, among others. After use, these mercury-containing consumer products form part of the municipal solid waste (MSW). As a result of an unseparated solid waste collection system, mercury-containing wastes tend to end up in landfills where mercury and other pollutants can leach out of products into landfill leachates. The present study, therefore, was conducted with the aim of determining the total mercury (THg) concentrations in leachate and sediment samples collected from 4 selected landfill sites (3 sites in Gauteng Province – Soshanguve, Hatherly, Onderstepoort and 1 site in Limpopo Province – Thohoyandou). Groundwater samples were collected from the monitoring boreholes at the four selected landfill sites in the summer and winter periods. An acid digestion method was employed for sample preparation and this was followed by analysis using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CVAAS). The concentration range of total mercury in the Thohoyandou leachate, sediment and groundwater samples was 0.12–2.07 μg/L, 0.03–0.48 μg/g and 0.09–2.12 μg/L, respectively. In Soshanguve, the concentration range of total mercury in leachate, sediment and groundwater samples was 0.10–1.20 μg/L, 0.04–0.62 μg/g and nd –1.66 μg/L respectively, Hatherly concentration range was 0.42–1.31 μg/L and 0.06–0.78 μg/g in leachate and sediment, respectively and in Onderstepoort the concentration range was 0.12–2.41 μg/L, 0.03–0.50 μg/g and 0.05–2.44 μg/L, in leachate, sediment and groundwater, respectively. The findings from this study suggest that there is a likelihood of groundwater pollution by mercury from landfill leachate seepage, particularly for landfills that are not lined with a geomembrane.
Ultrafast non-thermal heating of water initiated by an X-ray Free-Electron Laser

aCenter for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85 DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany; bDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden; cSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, 94025, USA; dPhoton Science, DESY, Notkestraße 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany; eLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Av. , Livermore, 94550, USA; fDepartment of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaußee 149, Hamburg, 22761, Germany; gCentre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaußee 149, Hamburg, 22761, Germany; hDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
Mitochondrial changes during D-drug-containing once-daily therapy in HIV-positive treatment-naive patients

Background Antiviral drugs of the category of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), largely used for the treatment of HIV infection, can have toxic effects on mitochondria. We performed a cross-sectional study on mitochondrial toxicity in a randomized group of patients belonging to a larger randomized study on different NRTI-based once-daily regimens by quantifying mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), three different mitochondrial RNAs (mtRNAs) and functional parameters in highly purified peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Methods A total of 49 previously treatment-naive patients treated for a mean of 15 months with efavirenz plus didanosine plus lamivudine (group 1), or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus lamivudine (group 2), or didanosine plus abacavir (group 3) were considered. The groups were matched for sex, age, CDC classification, risk factor for HIV, nadir CD4+ T-cell count and baseline viral load. mtDNA and mtRNA were quantified by using real-time PCR assays. Results No patient showed any clinical symptom; however, the amount of mtDNA in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells was significantly lower in groups 1 and 3; similarly, the expression of different mtRNAs in both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells showed significant differences that were dependent upon the drug used. No differences were found in mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial mass in peripheral lymphocytes. The amount of total HIV DNA in CD4+ T-cells did not differ among the groups, who displayed a similar immune reconstitution and control of the virus. Conclusions An efficient didanosine-containing once-daily therapy can have more mitochondrial toxicity than regimens devoid of this drug.
Association between urinary incontinence in elderly patients and caregiver burden in the city of Sao Paulo/Brazil: Health, Wellbeing, and Ageing Study

Some elderly patients with incontinence require the care of third parties, known as caregivers. Such care can occur on a daily basis leaving little opportunity for the caregiver to take care of himself/herself. The aims are to assess the association between urinary incontinence in elderly patients and caregiver burden and identify independent factors for caregiver's burden in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Do Recovery Apps Even Exist ? : Why College Women with EDs Use ( But Not Recommend ) Diet and Fitness Apps over Recovery Apps

Getting individuals to adopt condition-specific apps over general health apps remains an issue. Using EDs as an example, we explored 1) if users recommend the general diet and fitness apps they repurpose for ED recovery and 2) if they use condition-specific apps intended for recovery. We used semistructured interviews and four questionnaires to investigate use and perceptions of diet and fitness apps and recovery apps with 24 college women with selfidentified and clinically-diagnosed EDs. Using inductive coding, we generated themes to address their lack of use of recovery apps. We found the majority (n=13) would not recommend using general diet and fitness apps for recovery (compared to only 3 who would), yet most participants did not seek out a condition-specific app even when their objective was recovery. Four themes emerged around the non-use of recovery apps: lack of awareness, unpopularity or unfamiliarity, unwillingness, and lack of features or poor usability. In order to improve awareness as well as perceived popularity and familiarity of condition-specific apps, we suggest researchers and clinicians develop approved app lists, primary care clinicians become expert recommenders for evidencebased apps, and clinicians and educators leverage social media and college settings to reach these “hard to reach” populations.
Nutrition and Aging Various Selected Vegetables , Fruits , Mushrooms and Red Wine Residue Inhibit Bone Resorption in Rats 1

To make a broad survey of the effect of components of the human diet on bone resorption, a few items from the following categories were added to rat diets: vegetables, fruits, beans, nuts and seeds, mushrooms, carbohydrate sources and beverages. The effect on bone resorption was measured by the urinary excretion of tritium released from bones of 9-wk-old rats prelabeled with tritiated tetracycline from weeks 1 to 6. The number of rats per experiment was 26—6, 5, 5, 5 and 5 in the untreated control group fed the plain semipurified diet, the positive control group fed onions and three groups fed one of the newly investigated items, respectively. New experiments were added until 10 rats were fed each item in each of two separate experiments. The results for each item were compared to those for the untreated control group (n 12) investigated simultaneously. We found that feeding rats 1 g/d of dry fennel, celeriac, oranges, prunes, French beans and farmed and wild mushrooms (Agaricus hortensis and Boletus edulis) as well as the freeze-dried residue from red wine significantly (P 0.05 or lower) inhibited bone resorption. Eighteen items had no significant effect. To date we have found 25/53 items that exhibit inhibitory activity. Activity appears to be restricted to the following categories: vegetables, salads, herbs, mushrooms, fruits and red wine residue (25/36 items effective). Furthermore, as assessed in a similar experimental design with various doses of a mixture of active items, we determined the minimum effective dose of the dry items to be 170 mg/d. These results open the possibility for targeted interventions in humans. J. Nutr. 133: 3592–3597, 2003.
The relationship between Iranian EFL teachers ' professional development and their job burnout

The present mixed-methods research was carried out among the Iranian public school EFL teachers in order to investigate the relationship between Iranian EFL teachers' professional development and their job burnout. For this purpose, 200 EFL teachers attempted two questionnaires one investigating professional development and the other their job burnout. The statistical analyses of the data indicated that two main variables are related negatively, of course. Meanwhile, it was revealed that factors like knowledge mediation, ICT skills, innovative teaching, pursuing training plan, students' behavior and discipline are among the most effective factors contributing to professional development. In the same vein, their job-related frustration, feeling fatigue, reluctance, workplace atmosphere, emotional issues were among the factors fostering their burnout. Additionally, variables like academic degree and teaching experiences are related to both main target variables. However, the interpretative approach to the variables showed that burnout process in relation to EFL teachers' academic degree and teaching experience is linear, while that of the professional development with them is roughly curvilinear; moving from the lower among BA holders to the lowest among the PhD holders, while reaching its climax among the MA holders. The same trend holds true with respect to their teaching experiences. The findings, then, bear the message that necessary measures should be taken to foster professional development and prevent burnout at certain period of organizational life and in relation to educational degree.
Business Analytics Analyzing and Predicting Mood of Depression Patients

In this research paper we looked at the mood of individuals suffering from depression. We applied time series analysis techniques such as decomposition and clustering to gain insight into the historical data and measurements obtained from the participant’s smartphone during this period. This data was used to construct models using machine learning algorithms to predict mood. Of the applied algorithms the Support Vector Machine algorithm performed best, correctly predicting 68.88%. The constructed models were analyzed to assess which variables were important: we found that in addition to the expected variables describing the historical mood the important variables are diverse and dependent on the individual.
ocal neighbors as positives , regional neighbors as negatives : ompeting channels in the relationship between others ’ income , ealth , and happiness

That well-being is decreasing in others’ income is termed the “relative income hypothesis” (RIH) by scholars of subjective well-being (SWB) and has substantial empirical support. Some studies, however, present evidence of both positive and negative explanatory channels in the relationship between others’ income and SWB. We develop a theoretical framework integrating four distinct channels through which neighbors’ income can affect utility: public goods, cost of living, expectations of future income, and direct effects (RIH or altruism). We estimate the relationship with SWB data from the U.S. Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index and median-income data from the American Community Survey for ZIP codes and MSAs. The relationship is proximity-dependent: positive (negative) when using ZIP-code (MSA) median income as reference income, suggesting that positive (negative) channels dominate locally (regionally) and reconciling the literature’s seemingly divergent results. These findings are consistent across SWB measures and many health-related indices. Additional analyses support the public-goods and cost-ofubjective well-being elative income hypothesis thers’ income eference group elative utility ncome comparison appiness living channels. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A theory on the natural history of colloid cysts of the third ventricle.

OBJECTIVE Patients with third ventricular colloid cysts typically are diagnosed when they develop symptoms related to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obstruction at the foramen of Monro. However, the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics related to symptom development are poorly understood. METHODS From January 1974 to June 1998, 155 patients with newly diagnosed colloid cysts were managed at our center. Eighty-seven patients (56%) were thought to have tumor-related symptoms, and they underwent surgery (resection, n = 74; ventriculoperitoneal shunting, n = 11; stereotactic aspiration, n = 2). Sixty-eight patients (44%) had colloid cysts thought to be asymptomatic, and observation with serial neuroimaging was recommended. Recursive partitioning was used to examine the association of patient and tumor characteristics with the development of cyst-related symptoms. RESULTS Univariate analysis comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic patients revealed four factors associated with cyst-related symptoms: 1) younger patient age (44 yr versus 57 yr; P < 0.001); 2) cyst size (13 mm versus 8 mm; P < 0.001); 3) ventricular dilation (83% versus 31%; P < 0.001); and 4) increased signal on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (44% versus 8%; P = 0.001). All four variables remained significant in a multivariate logistic regression model: patient age (P = 0.04; odds ratio, 1.0); cyst size (P = 0.04; odds ratio, 1.2); ventricular dilation (P = 0.02, odds ratio, 7.2); and increased signal on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (P = 0.04; odds ratio, 2.7). The most significant variable was ventriculomegaly (yes versus no). Patients with normal-sized ventricles (n = 62) were further categorized by cyst size (< or = 10 mm versus > 10 mm). For patients with enlarged ventricles (n = 93), patient age (< or = 50 yr versus > 50 yr) was the most important variable. Patients older than 50 years also were split with respect to cyst size; patients aged 50 years or younger with enlarged ventricles were not affected by cyst size. The percentage of patients with cyst-related symptoms was 12, 50, and 85% in the three final patient classes, respectively. Multivariate analysis including the patient classes resulted in removal of the other significant variables from the model, whereas the patient classes remained significant (P < 0.0001; odds ratio, 6.3) for predicting patients with cyst-related symptoms. CONCLUSION The patient and neuroimaging characteristics of the different patient classes support a theory on the natural history of colloid cysts. Patients with third ventricular colloid cysts become symptomatic when the tumor enlarges rapidly, causing CSF obstruction, ventriculomegaly, and increased intracranial pressure. Some cysts enlarge more gradually, however, allowing the patient to accommodate the enlarging mass without disruption of CSF flow, and the patient remains asymptomatic. In these cases, if the cyst stops growing, the patient can maintain a steady state between CSF production and absorption and may not require neurosurgical intervention.
Mindfulness as a Buffer of the Associations between Stress, Neuroticism, and Relationship Satisfaction in Partnered College Students

Mindfulness has become increasingly popular due to its accessibility, ease of use, and effectiveness in symptom management. This study aimed to investigate trait mindfulness as a potential buffer of the association between external (stress) and internal (neuroticism) stressors and relationship quality in college undergraduates involved in romantic relationships. Participants (N = 146) were undergraduate students from the University of Colorado Boulder who were either married, cohabiting, or involved in an exclusive and committed romantic relationship for at least 6 months. Cross-sectional data from survey measures showed that mindfulness was positively associated with relationship satisfaction and neuroticism was negatively associated with relationship satisfaction. In addition, both neuroticism and stress were negatively correlated with mindfulness, and neuroticism was positively correlated with stress. Mindfulness did not moderate the association between stress and relationship satisfaction or between neuroticism and relationship satisfaction. Although trait mindfulness did not moderate the associations between relationship satisfaction and either stress or neuroticism, the association between mindfulness and relationship satisfaction was incremental to their shared association with stress. Future research is needed on mindfulness and other coping mechanisms in college students involved in romantic relationships.
Mother's exercise during pregnancy programmes vasomotor function in adult offspring

• What is the central question of this study? Adverse maternal behaviour during pregnancy is well known to have lifelong health consequences for offspring. We asked whether a positive maternal health behaviour may have positive long‐term effects for offspring. Specifically, we investigated whether aerobic maternal exercise improves nitric oxide signalling in femoral arteries of adult swine. • What is the main finding and its importance? For the first time, a fetal programming outcome due to gestational exercise is reported in adult offspring. Second, contrary to previous speculation regarding the impact of in utero alterations on nitric oxide signalling, our data suggest differential myosin phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle.
Democracy and health: Evidence from within-country heterogeneity in the Congo

The literature documents a positive association bet we n democracy and health, and studies supporting this claim have largely relied on cross-country pan el analyses. In many developing countries, however, local traditional leaders at the micro-lev e play a key role in individuals’ daily lives whil e the influence of the national government is largely negligible. In response, this study revisits the relationship between democracy and health using mic ro-level household data from 816 randomly selected villages in Eastern Congo. We find little or no evidence that health outcomes are better in villages which are governed by elected leaders comp ared to villages where leaders are not elected. Our data suggest that efforts to improve health out comes in this setting may need to focus on issues such as gender discrimination and education.
Polish Stress Echocardiography Registry (Pol-STRESS registry) - a multicentre study. Stress echocardiography in Poland: numbers, settings, results, and complications.

BACKGROUND Stress echocardiography (SE) is widely used in Europe. No collective data have been available on the use of SE in Poland until now. AIM To evaluate the number of SE investigations performed in Poland, their settings, complications, and results. METHODS In this retrospective survey, referral cardiology centres in Poland were asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding SE examinations performed from May 1, 2014 to May 1, 2015. RESULTS The study included data from 17 university hospitals and large community hospitals, which performed 4611 SE exa-minations, including 4408 tests in patients investigated for coronary artery disease (CAD) and 203 tests to evaluate valvular heart disease (VHD). To evaluate CAD, all centres performed dobutamine SE (100%), 10 centres performed pacing SE (58.8%), while cycle ergometer SE and treadmill SE were performed by six (35.3%) and five (29.4%) centres, respectively. Dipyridamole SE was performed in one centre. All evaluated centres (100%) performed SE to evaluate low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis, eight (47%) performed SE to evaluate asymptomatic aortic stenosis, and also eight (47%) performed SE to evaluate mitral regurgitation. The mean number of examinations per year was 271 per centre. Most centres performed more than 100 examinations per year (11 centres, 64.7%). We did not identify any cardiac death during SE examination in any of the centres. Myocardial infarction occurred in three (0.07%) patients. Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia occurred in 52 (1.1%) SE examinations. The rates of minor complications were low. SE to evaluate CAD was more commonly performed in the hospital settings using cycle ergometer (72.6%), treadmill (87.6%), and low-dose dobutamine (68.0%), while a dipyridamole test was more frequently employed in ambulatory patients (77.6%). No significant differences between the rates of examina-tions performed in the ambulatory and hospital settings were found for high-dose dobutamine and pacing SE. Examinations to evaluate VHD were significantly more frequently performed in the hospital settings. SE examinations accounted for more than one third of all stress tests performed in the surveyed centres over the study period. CONCLUSIONS Stress echocardiography is a safe diagnostic method, and major complications are very rare. Despite European recommendations, SE examinations to evaluate CAD are performed less frequently than electrocardiographic exercise tests, although they already comprise a significant proportion of all stress tests. It seems reasonable to promote SE further for the evaluation of both CAD and VHD.