Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Social Media to Predict the Future: A Systematic Literature Review

Social media (SM) data provides a vast record of humanity's everyday thoughts, feelings, and actions at a resolution previously unimaginable. Because user behavior on SM is a reflection of events in the real world, researchers have realized they can use SM in order to forecast, making predictions about the future. The advantage of SM data is its relative ease of acquisition, large quantity, and ability to capture socially relevant information, which may be difficult to gather from other data sources. Promising results exist across a wide variety of domains, but one will find little consensus regarding best practices in either methodology or evaluation. In this systematic review, we examine relevant literature over the past decade, tabulate mixed results across a number of scientific disciplines, and identify common pitfalls and best practices. We find that SM forecasting is limited by data biases, noisy data, lack of generalizable results, a lack of domain-specific theory, and underlying complexity in many prediction tasks. But despite these shortcomings, recurring findings and promising results continue to galvanize researchers and demand continued investigation. Based on the existing literature, we identify research practices which lead to success, citing specific examples in each case and making recommendations for best practices. These recommendations will help researchers take advantage of the exciting possibilities offered by SM platforms.
Histiocytic aggregates in benign nodular goiters mimicking cytologic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)

Macrophages/histiocytes are commonly seen in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens of thyroid nodules with varying degrees of cystic change. In some cases the histiocytic component of a cystic thyroid nodule can occur as large tissue fragments with marked nuclear atypia, including elongated nuclei with chromatin clearing, nuclear grooves, and membrane thickening. These nuclear changes mimic cytologic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), thus leading to diagnostic difficulty in interpretation of FNAB specimens of benign cystic thyroid nodules. We evaluated ethanol‐fixed Papanicolaou‐stained smears of 273 cases of FNAB thyroid specimens from goitrous nodules with cystic change. Twenty cases were selected due to the presence of large aggregates of histiocytic cells with the above‐mentioned nuclear atypia. An immunostain for histiocytic cells using CD68 was performed on alcohol‐fixed slides. Histiocytic cells in tissue fragments with nuclear atypia mimicking PTC nuclei showed strong cytoplasmic staining for CD68; thyroid follicular cells stained negative for CD68. We conclude that histiocytic cells in cystic goitrous nodules can show nuclear features, which appear similar to PTC nuclei. Immunostaining for CD68 may be of value in differentiating between benign cystic thyroid nodules with histiocytic aggregates that mimic cytologic features of papillary carcinoma, and PTC with cystic change. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;29:243–245. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Beneficial Effects of Allicin in Chronic Kidney Disease Are Comparable to Losartan

Recent studies suggest that allicin may play a role in chronic kidney disease (CKD), reducing hypertension and oxidative stress and improving renal dysfunction. In the present study, CKD was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy and the animals were divided into four treatment groups as follows: control (C), CKD, CKD+allicin (40 mg/kg pathway oral) (CKDA), and CKD+Losartan (20 mg/kg) (CKDL). After CKD induction, the rats developed hypertension from week 3 to the end of the study. This was associated with increased creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in serum, increased albuminuria, increased urinary excretion of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), increased nephrin expression, and incrased histological alterations in the cortex. The levels of angiotensin receptors and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were decreased in the renal cortex from the CKD group. Otherwise, lipid and protein oxidation were higher in the CKD group than in the control group. A disturbance was observed in the expression levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch ECH associating protein 1 system (Nrf2/keap1) and the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and heme oxygenase-1. Allicin or losartan treatments relieved renal dysfunction, hypertension, and oxidative stress. In addition, both treatments showed the same efficacy on the expression of angiotensin receptors, the nephrin, Nrf2/keap1 pathway, and eNOS. Further in silico analyses suggest that allicin and losartan could have a common mechanism involving interaction with AT1 receptors. Allicin showed antihypertensive, antioxidant, and nephroprotective effects. The beneficial effects showed by allicin are similar, or even better, than those of losartan. In fact, the effect of allicin on blood pressure and renal function is comparable to reductions seen with losartan, a prescription drug commonly used as a first-line therapy.
SYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN SOME IPOMOEA LINN . SPECIES USING POLLEN AND FLOWER MORPHOLOGY

The current study was conducted in search of constant morpho-anatomical characters to aid the identification and classification of commonly encountered Ipomoea species in south west Nigeria. Flower and pollen morphology as important repository of constant characters formed the focus of the investigation. Whole flowers were dissected to expose the carpel and stamens for study. For pollen study, after soaking in de-ionized water, the anthers were collected and crushed, stained and placed on a glass slide by needle for observation under light microscope. The lengths of styles and filament all varied in the seven species, highest length in styles was recorded in Ipomoea hederifolia (37.0-38.5mm) while the minimum was recorded in Ipomoea vagans (16.5-19.0mm). United bract into a boat-shaped, doubly acuminate involucre distinguished Ipomoea involucrata from the remaining six species with free bracts. Pollen grains were found to be radially symmetrical; circular in outline, sculpture were echinate, circular aperture, pores equidistantly distributed, oblate, speriodal and oblate-spheriodal. Largest pollen size was recorded in Ipomoea aquatica (60.262.5μm), suggesting a less derived position whereas the minimum size (30.7-31.4μm) was observed in Ipomoea hederifolia. The maximum spine length was recorded in Ipomoea involucrate (8.3-9.6μm) and minimum was recorded in Ipomoea hederifolia (3.3-4.0μm). The phylogenetic tree resulting from cluster analysis suggests that the alien species I. aserifolia and I. carnea are sisters to the other native Ipomoea species. As the number of species increases, synapomorphies decrease whereas increased synapomorphies are associated with decreasing number of species.While both I. aserifolia and I. carnea may have naturalized, they represent new records for the Flora of West Tropical Africa.
NEW-RECORD OF THE BUSH DOG Speothos venaticus IN A HUMAN-ALTERED LANDSCAPE IN THE WEST OF MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL NOVO REGISTRO

: The bush dog ( Speothos venaticus ) is a Neotropical canid with a wide geographic distribution. Although globally listed as Near Threatened, this species was listed as Vulnerable in a recent assessment by the Brazilian government. Few records of this mammal have been reported in the Brazilian Cerrado, and it is considered extinct in several localities as a result of human landscape fragmentation. The record presented here is the first evidence of bush dog presence in the West of Minas Gerais, Brazil, which augments the species distribution with expected occurrence for this region. The study site was a transitional area between the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, in the Triângulo Mineiro region, which is a highly fragmented landscape, dominated by cattle ranches with exotic pasture species and scattered natural patches. We recorded a single bush dog individual in our survey (4,036 camera trap/night), but our sampling success was expected compared with that of other previous mammal surveys using the camera trapping method, in part, because of the species’ elusive behavior and low natural densities. This record enhances knowledge of the S. venaticus distribution. Potentially, we confirm the presence of the bug dog in a region that was regarded being environmentally suitable for this species occurrence, but where it has never been reported. Moreover, our result elucidates the potential of the natural remnants to harbor threatened species in highly human-influenced and non-protected landscapes, which is the dominant scenario found in West Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Genomic Interrogation of the Dassie Bacillus Reveals It as a Unique RD1 Mutant within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex

ABSTRACT Despite their remarkable genetic homology, members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex express very different phenotypes, most notably in their spectra of clinical presentation. For example, M. tuberculosis is regarded as pathogenic to humans, whereas members having deleted RD1, such as Mycobacterium microti and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, are not. The dassie bacillus, an infrequent variant of the M. tuberculosis complex characterized as being most similar to M. microti, is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in the dassie (Procavia capensis). Intriguingly, the dassie bacillus is not pathogenic to rabbits or guinea pigs and has never been documented to infect humans. Although it was identified more than a half-century ago, the reasons behind its attenuation are unknown. Because large sequence polymorphisms have presented themselves as the most obvious genomic distinction among members of the M. tuberculosis complex, the DNA content of the dassie bacillus was interrogated by Affymetrix GeneChip to identify regions that are absent from it but present in M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Comparison has led to the identification of nine regions of difference (RD), five of which are shared with M. microti (RDs 3, 7, 8, 9, and 10). Although the dassie bacillus does not share the other documented deletions in M. microti (RD1mic, RD5mic, MID1, MID2, and MID3), it has endured unique deletions in the regions of RD1, RD5, N-RD25, and Rv3081-Rv3082c (virS). RD1das, affecting only Rv3874-Rv3877, is the smallest natural deletion of the RD1 region uncovered and points to genes within this region that are likely implicated in virulence. Newfound deletions from the dassie bacillus are discussed in relation to their evolutionary and biological significance.
Temperature effects on the atomic arrangement and conductance of atomic-size gold nanowires generated by mechanical stretching

We have studied the changes induced by thermal effects in the structural and transport response of Au nanowires generated by mechanical elongation. We have used time-resolved atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging and quantum conductance measurement using a mechanically controllable break junction. Our results showed remarkable differences in the NW evolution for experiments realized at 150 and 300 K, which modifies drastically the conductance response during elongation. Molecular dynamics and electronic transport calculations were used to consistently correlate the observed structural and conductance behavior. These results emphasize that it is essential to take into account the precise atomic arrangement of nanocontacts generated by mechanical stretching to understand electrical transport properties. Also, our study shows that much care must be taken when comparing results obtained in different experimental conditions, mainly different temperatures.
Early enteral tube feeding in optimizing treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum: the Maternal and Offspring outcomes after Treatment of HyperEmesis by Refeeding (MOTHER) randomized controlled trial.

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) leads to dehydration, poor nutritional intake, and weight loss. HG has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight. Information about the potential effectiveness of treatments for HG is limited.Objective: We hypothesized that in women with HG, early enteral tube feeding in addition to standard care improves birth weight.Design: We performed a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial [Maternal and Offspring outcomes after Treatment of HyperEmesis by Refeeding (MOTHER)] in 19 hospitals in the Netherlands. A total of 116 women hospitalized for HG between 5 and 20 wk of gestation were randomly allocated to enteral tube feeding for ≥7 d in addition to standard care with intravenous rehydration and antiemetic treatment or to standard care alone. Women were encouraged to continue tube feeding at home. On the basis of our power calculation, a sample size of 120 women was anticipated. Analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle.Results: Between October 2014 and March 2016 we randomly allocated 59 women to enteral tube feeding and 57 women to standard care. The mean ± SD birth weight was 3160 ± 770 g in the enteral tube feeding group compared with 3200 ± 680 g in the standard care group (mean difference: -40 g, 95% CI: -230, 310 g). Secondary outcomes, including maternal weight gain, duration of hospital stay, readmission rate, nausea and vomiting symptoms, decrease in quality of life, psychological distress, prematurity, and small-for-gestational-age, also were comparable. Of the women allocated to enteral tube feeding, 28 (47%) were treated according to protocol. Enteral tube feeding was discontinued within 7 d of placement in the remaining women, primarily because of its adverse effects (34%). Conclusions: In women with HG, early enteral tube feeding does not improve birth weight or secondary outcomes. Many women discontinued tube feeding because of discomfort, suggesting that it is poorly tolerated as an early routine treatment of HG. This trial was registered at www.trialregister. nl as NTR4197.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Antimicrobial Use in Belgian Hospitals

Abstract Objective: To investigate relationships between the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the use of different classes of antimicrobials in Belgian hospitals. Design: Using Pearson correlation coefficients, the number of new nosocomial MRSA-colonized or -infected patients in the second half of 1994 and the first half of 1995 reported by the national MRSA surveillance program was compared with use of various antimicrobial classes as reported by the National Institute for Sickness and Disability Insurance. Relationships between different classes of antimicrobials were evaluated in a correlation matrix. MRSA incidence, antimicrobial use, and potential confounding factors were included in a multiple linear regression analysis. Setting: 50 hospitals in Belgium. Results: The use of a number of different classes of antimicrobials was interrelated. In the multivariate analysis, the incidence of nosocomial MRSA increased with increasing use of ceftazidime and cefsulodin (P=.0003), amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (P=.02), and quinolones (P=.005). No association was found between MRSA incidence and total antimicrobial use. Conclusions: The relationships between antimicrobial use and MRSA are complex. Interventions aimed at promoting more rational prescribing patterns should be supported by adequate experimental and epidemiological evidence. Advice for preventing and controlling MRSA has focused mainly on hygienic measures and precautions to avoid cross-transmission; the role of relieving antimicrobial pressure needs to be clarified.
Inhibition of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-induced multi-organ carcinogenesis by dietary chlorophyllin in rainbow trout.

Cancer chemoprevention by dietary chlorophyllin (CHL) was investigated in a rainbow trout multi-organ tumor model. In study 1, duplicate groups of 130 juvenile trout were treated for 2 weeks with control diet, 500 p.p.m. dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) or 500 p.p.m. DB[a,l]P + 2052 p.p.m. CHL, then returned to control diet. DB[a,l]P alone proved somewhat toxic but induced high tumor incidences in liver (61%), stomach (91%) and swimbladder (53%) 11 months after initiation. CHL co-feeding abrogated DB[a,l]P acute toxicity and reduced tumor incidences to 18% in liver, 34% in stomach and 3% in swimbladder (P </= 0.01). A second tumor and DNA adduct study using a non-toxic initiation protocol (200 p.p.m. DB[a,l]P +/- 4000 p.p.m. CHL for 4 weeks) confirmed these results. Potential CHL inhibitory mechanisms were investigated. Dietary CHL inhibited hepatic DB[a, l]P-DNA adducts in the two tumor studies by 89 and 76%, respectively. CHL was shown to complex strongly with DB[a,l]P (K(d1,2) = 1.59 +/- 0.01 microM, stoichiometry 2CHL:DB[a,l]P) and strongly inhibited DB[a,l]P mutagenesis in the Salmonella assay. Significant inhibition occurred at CHL concentrations substantially less than stoichiometric with DB[a,l]P and thus not reflecting simple DB[a,l]P sequestration via complexation. These initial findings suggest that CHL chemoprevention reflects complexation that might limit DB[a,l]P uptake in vivo, antimutagenic mechanisms such as catalytic degradation of the proximate electrophile in target cells, or both. These results demonstrate that dietary CHL is a reproducibly effective chemopreventive agent for DB[a,l]P multi-organ tumorigenesis in trout and suggest that reduced DB[a,l]P-DNA adducts may be predictive biomarkers of CHL reduction of DB[a,l]P-initiated hepatic tumors.
Social Entrepreneurship: Societal Wealth Creation Under Conditions of Near-Knightian Uncertainty

ABSTRACT In this dissertation I examine the emergent phenomenon of social entrepreneurship through the lens of the structure of entrepreneurial payoffs under conditions of near-Knightian uncertainty. Current theory assumes entrepreneurs will respond to a new form of incentive, beyond the pursuits of wealth, power, and prestige. It also assumes that productive entrepreneurship can result from a shift in the structure of payoffs. I examine four for-profit social entrepreneurial experiments executed in Southern Africa in order to enhance understanding of the question: “What recurring challenges do for-profit social entrepreneurs face in attempting to restructure payoffs under conditions of near-Knightian uncertainty? ” My data are drawn from field observations, company archival records, email communications, and unique targeted interventions designed to solve vexing challenges which arose in the course of the experiments. The dissertation makes several contributions. First, it uncovers several new insights from my findings which should inform future research in for-profit social enterprises. Second, it sheds light on enterprise creation under conditions of near-Knightian uncertainty. Third, it introduces a framework for understanding the challenges faced by nonsingular objective firms, and proposes that lack of success in the creation of such firms is not necessarily failure – there are multiple levels of success that are part of an Aspirations Cascade, the highest efficiency being delivered by the social impact enterprise and the lowest efficiency achieved from direct charity.
Heritability of age at natural menopause in the Framingham Heart Study.

BACKGROUND Twin registries and family history studies provide evidence that genetic factors contribute to the onset of menopause, but heritability estimates in population-based samples are limited. We sought to estimate heritability of age at natural menopause in women participating in the multigenerational Framingham Heart Study, a community-based epidemiological study. METHODS A total of 1500 original cohort and 932 offspring cohort women from 1296 extended families reported a natural menopause defined as the natural cessation of menses for 1 yr or more. Correlation coefficients were calculated using family correlations in Statistical Applications for Genetic Epidemiology for mother-daughter, sister-sister, and aunt-niece pairs. Heritability was estimated using variance-components methods in the Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines (SOLAR) computer package. Covariates in the multivariable models included generation, number of cigarettes smoked, body mass index, and parity. RESULTS The mean age at natural menopause was 49.1 and 49.4 yr in original cohort and offspring women, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted correlation coefficients for mother-daughter, sister-sister, and aunt-niece pairs were 0.21, 0.22, and 0.12, respectively. The crude and multivariable-adjusted heritability estimates for age at natural menopause were 0.49 (0.37, 0.61) and 0.52 (0.35, 0.69). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that at least 50% of the interindividual variability in menopausal age appears to be attributable to genetic effects.
Relationship between computed tomography morphology and prognosis of patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer

This study aimed to explore the relationship between computed tomography morphology and prognosis of patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). From May 2009 to May 2011, a total of 124 patients diagnosed with stage I NSCLC were included. All patients had complete chest computed tomography scans. Five-year follow-up was conducted. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate the prognostic factors for patients with stage I NSCLC. The 5-year survival rate was 67.74% (84/124). The 5-year survival rates of patients with stage T1a, T1b, and T2a were 89.19%, 75.00%, and 41.86%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates of patients with homogeneity, inhomogeneity, vacuole, and cavity were 68.42%, 72.09%, 59.46%, and 83.33%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates of patients with different margin features were 83.33% (slick margin), 79.73% (lobulation sign), and 39.47% (short burr). The 5-year survival rates of patients with normal, halo, vessel convergence, bronchial transection, and vascular bundle thickening were 84.38%, 72.73%, 71.79%, 52.00%, and 47.06%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates of patients with normal and pleura thickening/indentation were 81.93% and 39.02%. Univariate analysis demonstrated that tumor node metastasis staging, tumor margin, tumor periphery, and pleural invasion were related to the prognosis of stage I NSCLC patients. Cox regression analysis confirmed that T2a stage, pleura thickening/indentation were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of stage I NSCLC. In conclusion, our findings indicate that T2a stage, pleura thickening/indentation might be prognostic factors in stage I NSCLC.
Why babies – What Australian mothers say

Abstract Earlier studies, mostly overseas, have explored the reasoning and thought processes underlying women's desires to conceive. A retrospective qualitative study was conducted to explore the motivations and anxieties of an Australian sample of women proceeding to a pregnancy and to explore their decision-making process. Twenty women over 18 years old who had one or more successful pregnancies and were recruited from a tertiary centre and private clinics, completed a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was applied to the data. Multiple factors motivated women to proceed to a pregnancy and including influences arising from society or existing personal relationships, goals and desired experiences for parenthood and innate drives and reproductive related issues. The motivations of an urban Australian sample to proceed to a pregnancy differed little from studies elsewhere. This knowledge may assist in dealing with the concerns that underlie any pregnancy allowing for better obstetric management.