Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Justice Served ? Perceptions of Plea Bargaining Involving a Sexual Assault in Child and Adult Females

Participation in risky lifestyles is a well-established predictor of victimization. Several variables have been identified as key predictors of risky activities (e.g., low self-control) but there may be additional sources not considered in the literature to date. We argue that perceptions of procedural unfairness represent a break in social control, thereby opening the door for participation in risky lifestyles that are conducive to victimization. Using three waves of data from the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) program, we demonstrated that police procedural injustice was positively associated with risky lifestyles, which partially mediated the relationship between procedural injustice and violent victimization. This study advances the literature by demonstrating that our understanding of victimization is enhanced by including procedural injustice into its explanation. New Thinking and Interpretations Daniel S. Nagin & Cody W. Telep, Procedural Justice and Legal Compliance, 13 ANN. REV. L. & SOC. SCI. 5 (2017), http://www.annualreviews. org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurevlawsocsci-110316-113310.
Model Program Processing of Fishbone Waste Transfer for The Application of Drinking Water Products and Test Characterization

The fish bone waste treatment program for the application of useful products, specifically as a natural ingredient of the drinking water filter.This program works with coastal communities in terms of providing raw materials. This program is a social innovation from the transfer of knowledge of the university's inventors to the coastal communities, in the aim to maintain and improve the cleanliness of the environment, which is then applied for the purpose of developing a water filter system. The contribution of this organic product is useful for Small, Micro & Medium Enterprises engaged in the production of food and beverages, as well as donations for cosmetic and health products to industries, as well as donations to policy development, through the application of environmental physics and science development to product development, pre-commercialization and commercialization (social engineering & manufacturing). The involvement of coastal communities in utilizing their waste is to achieve the empowerment of coastal communities, emphasizing community involvement to learn and cooperate for future development goals. Prior to the formation of this program, the community who failed to take care of its waste often had the waste dumped into the sea, rivers and garbage collection sites. The disposal causes the form of pollution problems that invite various dangerous diseases and cause the community environment to be clean, smelly and diseased. The results of the research have been done, Fish bone waste can be processed to be a product of water filter system resulting from fish processing industry, which contains high calcium. Fish bones are very rich in calcium that is needed by the human body, because the main elements of fish bones are calcium and phosphorus. The use of fish bone calcium is widespread such as overcoming coastal pollution and other environments in the disposal of heavy metals such as Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), and Iron (Fe).
Side-channel Assisted Existential Forgery Attack on Dilithium - A NIST PQC candidate

The recent lattice-based signature scheme Dilithium , submitted as part of the CRYSTALS (Cryptographic Suite for Algebraic Lattices) package, is one of a number of strong candidates submitted for the NIST standardization process of post-quantum cryptography. The Dilithium signature scheme is based on the Fiat-Shamir paradigm and can be seen as a variant of the Bai-Galbraith scheme ( BG ) combined with several improvements from previous ancestor lattice-based schemes like GLP and BLISS signature schemes. One of the main features of Dilithium is the compressed public-key, which is a rounded version of the LWE instance. This implies that Dilithium is not breakable with the knowledge of only the secret or the error of the LWE instance, unlike its ancestor lattice-based signature schemes. In this paper, we investigate the security of Dilithium against a combination of side-channel and classical attacks. Side-channel attacks on schoolbook and optimised polynomial multiplication algorithms in the signing procedure are shown to extract the secret component of the LWE instance, which is just one among the multiple components of the secret-key of Dilithium . We then propose an alternative signing procedure, through which it is possible to forge signatures with only the extracted portion of the secret-key, without requiring the knowledge of all its elements. Thus showing that Dilithium too breaks on just knowing the secret portion of the LWE instance, similar to previous lattice-based schemes.
Genome-wide mouse embryonic stem cell regulatory network self-organisation : a big data CoSMoS computational modelling approach.

The principal barrier to gaining understanding of embryonic stem (ES) cell regulatory networks is their complexity. Reductionist approaches overlook much of the complexity inherent in these networks and treat the ES cell regulatory system as more or less equivalent to the sum of its component parts, studying them in relative isolation. However, as we learn more about regulatory components it becomes increasingly difficult to integrate complex layers of knowledge and to develop more refined understanding. We seek better control of the complexity inherent in non-equilibrium ES cell regulatory networks undergoing lineage specification by developing computer simulations of self-organisation using the CoSMoS approach. Simulation, together with the hypothesis that lineage computation occurs at the edge of chaos, should allow us to investigate the driving of gradual accumulation of network complexity 'from the bottom up'. Here, we present the first step in this design process: use of the CoSMoS approach to develop a highly abstracted model and simulation of regulatory network activity driven by just single pluripotent transcription factors (TF), but at genome-wide scales. We investigate three TFs in isolation: Oct4, Nanog and Sox2, central elements of the core pluripotent network of mouse embryonic stem cells. This provides a suitable basis for future modelling of multiple interacting TFs.
The extent of occupational segregation in the US: Differences by race, ethnicity, and gender

By using data from the American Community Survey, this paper studies occupational segregation by ethnicity/race and gender in the US by comparing the distribution of any demographic group with the employment structure of the economy. The analysis shows that occupational segregation is particularly intense in the Hispanic and Asian population groups, even though the performance of the former seems to be more disturbing than that of the latter given its higher concentration in low-paid jobs. As opposed to what happens for African and Native Americans, human capital variables explain a substantive part of Hispanic and Asian segregation. The analysis also reveals that the differential between women and men is not reduced after controlling for human capital characteristics. In addition, segregation disparities are much larger among male groups than among female groups. A distinctive characteristic of Hispanic workers is that segregation is higher for men than for women.
Inner-Shelf Surface Currents and Characteristic Flow Patterns in the Santa Barbara Channel Final

A purely Lagrangian assessment of dispersion from modeled surface current trajectories in the coastal ocean is presented. Modeled trajectories come from ROMS simulations for the Southern California Bight during the 1996 through 1999 period. Data are from surface current trajectories collected primarily in the Santa Barbara Channel with CODE style drifters. Distributions of particle positions from trajectories emanating from launch locations within 10 kilometers of the coast throughout the Santa Barbara Channel that advect for one through four days (Lagrangian PDFs) are evaluated descriptively and quantitatively. The two dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) statistical test for comparing discrete sampled data with a known probability distribution is the quantitative basis. In general, dispersion distributions from observations are similar to Lagrangian PDFs computed from modeled trajectories and the K-S statistic quantifies this accordingly. A few specific regions of poor model-data agreement are indicated and discussed. The purely Lagrangian assessment, elucidates an improved understanding of model performance and ocean circulation beyond that offered in a Eulerian sense, and is necessary when modeled trajectories are utilized for applied oceanographic and marine ecology problems.
How Does Medicaid Expansion Affect Insurance Coverage of Rural Populations ?

When passed, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) required states to expand Medicaid to provide coverage for adults ages 18-64 with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level (FPL). However, in June 2012, the Supreme Court ruled that the mandatory Medicaid expansion was unconstitutionally coercive to the states, effectively making the Medicaid expansion optional. As of March 2014, 26 states (including the District of Columbia) had decided to expand Medicaid. Expanding Medicaid to cover all uninsured adults living below 138% FPL was a key component of the ACA, and without the expansion, an estimated five million adults will fall in a coverage gap because they will not qualify for Medicaid or federal health insurance tax credits. Due to historically higher rates of poverty, uninsurance and higher enrollment in Medicaid in rural areas, there is concern that the Supreme Court’s decision may have disproportionate effects on the more rural states, leaving larger numbers and proportions of the population without health care coverage.
Breast Cancer Prevalence Among Patients Referred for Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya

Methods and Materials: A total number of 115 patients were included after approval from the local ethical review committee. The patients were referred by clinicians for ultrasoundguided biopsy for palpable breast lesions confirmed by imaging as solid masses. Detailed ultrasound examination per American College of Radiology (ACR) guidelines was performed before core biopsy or fine needle aspiration (FNA). Histological diagnosis was made and prevalence of cancer analyzed.
Structural dynamics in phospholipid bilayers from deuterium spin–lattice relaxation time measurements

The quadrupolar spin–lattice (T1) relaxation of deuterium labeled phospholipid bilayers has been investigated at a resonance frequency of 54.4 MHz. T1 measurements are reported for multilamellar dispersions, single bilayer vesicles, and chloroform/methanol solutions of 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DPPC), selectively deuterated at ten different positions in each of the fatty acyl chains and at the sn‐3 carbon of the glycerol backbone. At all segment positions investigated, the T1 relaxation times of the multilamellar and vesicle samples of DPPC were found to be similar. The profiles of the spin–lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) as a function of the deuterated chain segment position resemble the previously determined order profiles [A. Seelig and J. Seelig, Biochem. 13, 4839 (1974)]. In particular, the relaxation rates are approximately constant over the first part of the fatty acyl chains (carbon segments C3–C9), then decreasing in the central region of the bilayer. In chloroform/methanol solu.
Aerosol distribution in the northern Gulf of Guinea: local anthropogenic sources, long-range transport, and the role of coastal shallow circulations

Abstract. The complex vertical distribution of aerosols over coastal southern West Africa (SWA) is investigated using airborne observations and numerical simulations. Observations were gathered on 2 July 2016 offshore of Ghana and Togo, during the field phase of the Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa project. This was the only flight conducted over the ocean during which a downward-looking lidar was operational. The aerosol loading in the lower troposphere includes emissions from coastal cities (Accra, Lomé, Cotonou, and Lagos) as well as biomass burning aerosol and dust associated with long-range transport from central Africa and the Sahara, respectively. Our results indicate that the aerosol distribution on this day is impacted by subsidence associated with zonal and meridional regional-scale overturning circulations associated with the land–sea surface temperature contrast and orography over Ghana and Togo, as typically observed on hot, cloud-free summer days such as 2 July 2016. Furthermore, we show that the zonal circulation evidenced on 2 July is a persistent feature over the Gulf of Guinea during July 2016. Numerical tracer release experiments highlight the dominance of aged emissions from Accra on the observed pollution plume loadings over the ocean, in the area of aircraft operation. The contribution of aged emission from Lomé and Cotonou is also evident above the marine boundary layer. Given the general direction of the monsoon flow, the tracer experiments indicate no contribution from Lagos emissions to the atmospheric composition of the area west of Cotonou, where our airborne observations were gathered. The tracer plume does not extend very far south over the ocean (i.e. less than 100 km from Accra), mostly because emissions are transported northeastward near the surface over land and westward above the marine atmospheric boundary layer. The latter is possible due to interactions between the monsoon flow, complex terrain, and land–sea breeze systems, which support the vertical mixing of the urban pollution. This work sheds light on the complex – and to date undocumented – mechanisms by which coastal shallow circulations can distribute atmospheric pollutants over the densely populated SWA region.
Transitions within and from ethno-linguistically mixed and endogamous first unions in Finland

Utilizing longitudinal population register data from Finland, this study examines the influence of exogamy on transitions within and from first unions. The aim is to assess how ethno-linguistically mixed unions, consisting of Swedish speakers and Finnish speakers, differ from endogamous unions with respect to various transitions in the family formation process subsequent to entry into childless cohabitation. We find evidence of notable selection. The proportion of endogamous relationships increases during the course of the courtship process, and this selection is primarily driven by a higher separation risk of ethno-linguistically mixed unions. The stages in family formation consequently seem to work as a social filter, where the exogamy effect on the dissolution risk is particularly strong for couples who have come a long way in the process.
Immunogenicity and Safety of a Pentavalent Diphtheria , Tetanus , Acellular Pertussis , Inactivated Poliovirus , Haemophilus influenzae Type b Conjugate Combination Vaccine ( Pentaxim TM ) with Hepatitis B Vaccine

pertussis (wP) antigens with diphtheria (D) and tetanus (T) toxoids (DTwP) have been central to the WHO expanded program of immunization (EPI). The valences included in modern combination vaccines reflect current EPI recommendations. In India, DTwP has been a part of the Universal Immunization Program (UIP) since 1985, and the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) recommends Hib vaccination and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) for all children who can afford it after one-to-one discussion with parents(1). The use of combination vaccines reduces the number of required injections, the number of clinic visits and the discomfort for children. A number of DTwP-based combination vaccines containing Hib have recently been evaluated in India(2).
Cephalopharyngeal geometric morphometrics in three blowfly species (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

The blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) comprise a group of medical and forensic importance because some species are responsible for myiasis and immature stages of several species feed on corpses and show preference for certain stages of decomposition. In both cases, the correct taxonomic determination is a crucial aspect for a medical or forensic investigation. The geometric morphometrics is a recent tool that describes the shape variation, although this technique has been used in adult blowfly, it has not been evaluated in immature. The goal of this study was to analyze the variations on cephalopharyngeal morphometrics, to support the identification of forensic immature flies. For this we photographed a total of 101 cephalopharyngeal skeletons from Chrysomya albiceps (n=34), C. megacephala (n=34) and Lucilia cuprina (n=33). Landmark coordinate (x, y) configurations were registered and aligned by Generalized Procrustes Analysis. Canonical Variates Analysis (CVA) were implemented with proportions of re-classified groups and MANOVA. Statistical analysis of variance found significant differences in centroid size (Kruskal-Wallis). The CVA showed significant separation, and a posteriori re-classification was 100% correctly assigned. The main differences between the three species were localized on: base of parastomal bar, apical tooth, clipeal arc, concavity of the pharyngeal sclerite, and union between hypostomal sclerite and the mouth hook. These differences could be useful as additional tools for larvae taxonomic identification; however, more studies are needed that include a more complete species representation in Calliphoridae.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Tinnitus in Military Personnel

Citation: Gonzalez-Gonzalez S. (2018). Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Tinnitus in Military Personnel. M J E-Med. 3(1): 027. ABSTRACT Hearing loss is the most common form of sensory impairment in humans, affecting 5.3% worldwide population. Hearing is critical to the performance of military personnel and is integral to the rapid and accurate processing of speech information. Noise-induced hearing loss represents a severe impairment that reduces military effectiveness, safety, and quality of life. Military personnel work in high-noise environments, yet the Department of Defense cannot predict who is susceptible to noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus. Of those exposed to noise, 80% may also suffer from chronic tinnitus. Despite its prevalence, there are no means to objectively measure the severity of tinnitus in those individuals. A fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tinnitus and its relation to noise-induced hearing loss is critical. Such an understanding may provide insight to who is at risk for each condition, allow aggressive hearing protection measures in those individuals most at risk, and create areas for treatment for those already suffering from the conditions. The current review addresses the scope of the problems of noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus for the military, discuss the noise environments in which military personnel operate, and describe recent pharmacotherapy trials. Some recent breakthroughs in noise-induced hearing loss research are discussed along with some challenges and directions for future research on hearing loss and tinnitus.
Patient choice and the effects of hospital market structure on mortality for AMI, hip fracture and stroke patients

We examine (a) the effect of market structure on the level of mortality for AMI, hip fracture, and stroke between 2002/3 and 2010/11 and (b) whether this effect changed after the introduction of Choice policy in 2006 which gave patients the right to a wider choice of hospital. For AMI and hip fracture, hospitals with more rivals had higher mortality at the beginning of the period but this effect became smaller over the period. We find that the decline in the detrimental effect of market structure predated the introduction of Choice. Market structure had no effect on stroke mortality.
Quality of life of caregivers of patients with psychiatric illness in Penang.

Introduction: There has been a shift from institutional to community based care for patients with mental illnesses. With increasing prevalence of psychiatric illness, more patients are being treated in the community which can affect the quality of life of caregivers. Objective: To determine the quality of life of caregivers of patients with psychiatric illness on follow up in public hospitals providing outpatient psychiatric services in Penang, Malaysia. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted 221 randomly recruited patients and their caregivers. These caregivers were interviewed face-to-face using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to evaluate their quality of life. Results: Caregiver’s single, widowed and divorced status (ANOVA=3.09, p=0.029), lower level of education (ANOVA=4.18, p-value 0.017) and Chinese race (ANOVA=6.98, p-value<0.001) were significantly associated with the poor QOL. Whereas, the patient’s Chinese race (ANOVA=10.17, p-value<0.0001) and profession (ANOVA=3.15, p-value<0.002) were significantly associated with the caregiver’s quality of life. Conclusion: It is important for health care providers and policy makers to understand the factors that influence the quality of life of caregivers considering more patients with psychiatric illness are being cared for in the community.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy)

The excessive usage of conventional antibiotics leads to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains which threaten public health and stimulates searching for new sources of bio-therapeutic drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions from larvae of Sarcophaga argyrostoma, a common species of the family Sarcophagidae in Egypt. The excretions/secretions (ES) produced by third instar larvae were sterile filtered and tested against selected pathogenic strains of Gram positive (Gram+ve) bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis; Gram negative (Gram-ve) bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonous aeruginosa; and the filamentous fungus Aspergillus flavus. The ES product produced by third instar maggots proved to be more effective against Gram-ve bacteria. Larval ES, at 0.125 mg/ml concentration, were significantly potent towards P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus in a descending sequence. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of S. argyrostoma ES were 0.125 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa and E. coli, using the turbidimetric assay method. Twice and four times this concentration were required to inhibit growth of S. aureus (0.25 mg/ml) and B. subtilis (0.5 mg/ml), respectively. The antibacterial properties of S. argyrostoma ES were not affected by heating or freeze-thaw cycles when tested against E. coli. Key words: Sarcophaga argyrostoma, antimicrobial activity, larval excretions, larval secretions, minimum inhibitory concentration.
Logic in the Light of Cognitive Science

Abstract Logical theory codifies rules of correct inferences. On the other hand, logical reasoning is typically considered as one of the most fundamental cognitive activities. Thus, cognitive science is a natural meeting-point for investigations about the place of logic in human cognition. Investigations in this perspective strongly depend on a possible understanding of logic. This paper focuses on logic in the strict sense; that is, the theory of deductive inferences. Two problems are taken into account, namely: (a) do humans apply logical rules in ordinary reasoning? ; (b) the genesis of logic. The second issue is analyzed from the naturalistic point of view.