Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical long-term results of VITA In-Ceram Classic crowns and fixed partial dentures: A systematic literature review.

PURPOSE VITA In-Ceram Classic is a system designed to fabricate all-ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPDs) with a glass-infiltrated aluminum oxide core material. This systematic literature review gives an overview of the clinical performance of the VITA In-Ceram Classic Alumina, Spinell, and Zirconia restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on a systematic literature review, an evidence-based selection and assessment of clinical studies of VITA In-Ceram Classic ceramics was carried out. RESULTS A total of 299 publications were found, 21 of which met the inclusion criteria. Only a few meaningful studies of In-Ceram Alumina FPDs and In-Ceram Zirconia crowns and FPDs were found. The 5-year survival rate of In-Ceram Alumina crowns and In-Ceram Spinell crowns ranged from 91.7% to 100% and is similar to the survival rate of conventional metal-ceramic crowns. The 5-year survival rate of single-retainer In-Ceram Alumina resin-bonded FPDs (RBFPDs) was 92.3%, which is higher than that of 2-retainer RBFPDs. CONCLUSION In-Ceram Classic Alumina can be recommended for anterior and posterior crowns as well as for anterior single-retainer RBFPDs. Further studies should be initiated to evaluate in detail the clinical performance of In-Ceram Classic Alumina FPDs. In-Ceram Classic Spinell can be recommended for anterior crowns, especially if highly esthetic results are requested. For In-Ceram Classic Zirconia crowns or FPDs no statement can be made presently because of insufficient data.
Factors influencing the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 by beef suckler cows

A study was designed to investigate management factors that might influence the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 by beef cows in Scotland, where there is a particularly high rate of human infection. Thirty-two herds were visited at least monthly over approximately 1 year for collection of fresh faecal pat samples and information on management factors. The faecal pat samples were tested for VTEC O157 by established culture and immunomagnetic separation methods. Questionnaires were completed at the monthly visits to record management factors. Data were analysed using both univariate and multi-factor (GLMM) analysis. Changes in the number of cows in a group, dogs, wild geese, housing, and the feeding of draff (distillers' grains) were statistically significant as risk factors. The event of calving appeared to reduce the likelihood of shedding. Any effects of weaning or turnout were not statistically significant. It appears that the rate of shedding of VTEC O157 is influenced by several factors but possibly the most important of these are the circumstances of animals being housed, or, when outside, the presence of wild geese.
Learning from Prices: Amplification and Business Fluctuations

We provide a new theory of expectationsdriven business cycles in which consumers’ learning from prices dramatically alters the eﬀects of aggregate shocks. Learning from prices causes changes in aggregate productivity to shift aggregate beliefs, generating positive price-quantity comovement. The feedback of beliefs into prices can be so strong that even arbitrarily small productivity shocks lead to substantial ﬂuctuations. Augmented with a public signal, the model can generate a rich mix of supply- and demand-driven ﬂuctuations even though productivity is the only source of aggregate randomness. Our results imply that many standard identiﬁcation assumptions used to disentangle supply and demand shocks may not be valid in environments in which agents learn from prices. JEL Classification: D82, D83, E3
Schizophrenia Increases Variability of the Central Antioxidant System: A Meta-Analysis of Variance From MRS Studies of Glutathione

Patients with schizophrenia diverge in their clinical trajectories. Such diverge outcomes may result from the resilience provided by antioxidant response system centered on glutathione (GSH). Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has enabled the precise in vivo measurement of intracortical GSH; but individual studies report highly variable results even when GSH levels are measured from the same brain region. This inconsistency could be due to the presence of distinct subgroups of schizophrenia with varying GSH-levels. At present, we do not know if schizophrenia increases the interindividual variability of intracortical GSH relative to matched healthy individuals. We reviewed all 1H-MRS GSH studies in schizophrenia focused on the Anterior Cingulate Cortex published until August 2021. We estimated the relative variability of ACC GSH levels in patients compared to control groups using the variability ratio (VR) and coefficient of variation ratio (CVR). The presence of schizophrenia significantly increases the variability of intracortical GSH in the ACC (logVR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03–0.21; log CVR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.06–0.23). Insofar as increased within-group variability (heterogeneity) could result from the existence of subtypes, our results call for a careful examination of intracortical GSH distribution in schizophrenia to seek redox-deficient and redox-sufficient subgroups. An increase in GSH variability among patients also indicate that the within-group predictability of adaptive response to oxidative stress may be lower in schizophrenia. Uncovering the origins of this illness-related reduction in the redox system stability may provide novel treatment targets in schizophrenia.
Characterization of olanzapine-induced weight gain in rats

Novel antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have enhanced therapeutic actions compared to ‘typical’ APDs. However,clinical studies indicate that some induce marked weight gain. We attempted to model this effect in female Wistar rats given olanzapine chronically at 4 mg/kg b.i. d (4.5 h between injections). Such rats showed marked weight gain, which was statistically significant after only a single day of treatment, although weight gain increased up to a plateau after 10 days of treatment. Cessation of treatment led to rapid weight loss, which was significant after a single day of withdrawal. The weight gain observed was characterized by marked individual differences. As some clinical reports suggest that novel APD-induced weight gain is most pronounced in patients with the lowest body weight, we examined the relationship between weight gain and baseline body weight. However, we observed no significant relationship between baseline body weight and weight gain. The observation that olanzapine can induce weight gain rapidly in rats, in conjunction with the observation of marked individual differences in weight gain, suggests that patients at risk of developing weight gain might be detectable early in treatment. Furthermore, the finding that weight gain is rapidly reversible suggests that patients at risk of weight gain could be switched to APDs with less pronounced tendencies to induce weight gain. The study of APD-induced weight gain in rodents may provide insights into the nature, causes, and treatments for, novel APD-induced weight gain in the clinic. However, it remains to be determined how closely rodent models mimic the clinical situation and whether the mechanism(s) involved in the weight gain we have observed are the same as those involved in the clinical use of these drugs.
The impact of capital flight from beautiful places: The case of the small open economy of Trinidad and Tobago

This paper examines the relationship among capital flight, domestic investment and economic growth in the small resource based economy of Trinidad and Tobago. The study utilized capital flight estimates from previous work. A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) combing short run and long run analysis is presented. The results confirm the a priori expectation that the financial haemorrhage of capital flight is a fundamental problem, which is affecting both the levels of domestic investment and economic growth. Therefore, a reduction of capital flight may provide a stimulus to the overall economy. These findings provide clear evidence of the harmful effects of capital outflows and provide support for the potential re-introduction of capital controls. Key words: Capital flight, domestic investment, economic growth, Trinidad and Tobago.
Vulvovaginal hematomas complicating delivery. Rationale for drainage of the hematoma cavity.

OBJECTIVE To review the management of puerperal vulvovaginal hematomas and report on the use of closed system drainage in cases in which operative intervention was used. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective review of medical records for a five-year period was conducted. The charts of all patients in whom puerperal vulvovaginal hematomas occurred were reviewed and data extracted regarding possible etiologic factors, details of delivery, characterization of the hematoma, surgical intervention and type of drain used. Also recorded was length of stay and postoperative complications. RESULTS Eleven patients with hematomas were identified, for an incidence of 1/526. All patients received antibiotics; transfusion was required in eight patients. Drains were used in nine patients: Penrose in four and closed system drainage in five. All drains were brought through a separate site distant from the repair. There was one postoperative abscess, which resolved with wound care, resulting in no long-term morbidity. CONCLUSION Puerperal vulvovaginal hematomas may be a life-threatening event. Review of the literature and our experience suggests that aggressive operative management and the use of drains are beneficial in the management of these patients. Closed system drainage may be an effective adjunct in the management of vulvovaginal hematomas.
‘My Neighbour Drinks Clean Water, While I Continue To Suffer’: An Analysis of the Intra-Community Impacts of a Rural Water Supply Project in Mozambique

ABSTRACT Rural water planners assume the positive impacts of community water projects are spread evenly across the population. We test this assumption by looking at the distribution of benefits within communities that received handpumps in rural Mozambique. Using survey and qualitative data we analyse the characteristics of those groups who benefited from the handpumps and also explore household decision-making processes. Handpump use was determined by distance, availability of other sources, perceptions of water quality, political affiliation, and wealth. We argue that the handpumps reinforced existing social divisions related to income and political affiliation and created new geographic divisions within communities.
Cytokines and Insulin Induce Cationic Amino Acid Transporter (CAT) Expression in Cardiac Myocytes

Cytokine-dependent production of nitric oxide (NO) by rat cardiac myocytes is a consequence of increased expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS or NOS2) and, in the presence of insulin, depresses the contractile function of these cells in vivo and in vitro. Experiments reported here show that L-lysine, a competitive antagonist of L-arginine uptake, suppressed NO production (detected as nitrite accumulation) by interleukin (IL)-1β and interferon (IFN) -pretreated cardiac myocytes by 70%, demonstrating that NO production is dependent on L-arginine uptake. Cardiac myocytes constitutively exhibit a high-affinity L-arginine transport system (K = 125 μM; V = 44 pmol/2 × 105 cells/min). Following a 24-h exposure to IL-1β and IFN, arginine uptake increases (V = 167 pmol/2 × 105 cells/min) and a second low-affinity L-arginine transporter activity appears (K = 1.2 mM). To examine the molecular basis for these cytokine-induced changes in arginine transport, we examined expression of three related arginine transporters previously identified in other cell types. mRNA for the high-affinity cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) is expressed in resting myocytes and steady-state levels increase by 10-fold following exposure to IL-1β and IFN. Only cytokine-pretreated myocytes expressed a second high-affinity L-arginine transporter, CAT-2B, as well as a low-affinity L-arginine transporter, CAT-2A. In addition, insulin, which potentiated cytokine-dependent NO production independent of any change in NOS activity, increased myocyte L-arginine uptake by 2-fold and steady-state levels of CAT-1, but not CAT-2A or CAT-2B mRNA. Thus, NO production by cardiac myocytes exposed to IL-1β plus IFN appears to be dependent on the co-induction of CAT-1, CAT-2A, and CAT-2B, while insulin independently augments L-arginine transport through CAT-1.
The Genome of Borrelia recurrentis, the Agent of Deadly Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever, Is a Degraded Subset of Tick-Borne Borrelia duttonii

In an effort to understand how a tick-borne pathogen adapts to the body louse, we sequenced and compared the genomes of the recurrent fever agents Borrelia recurrentis and B. duttonii. The 1,242,163–1,574,910-bp fragmented genomes of B. recurrentis and B. duttonii contain a unique 23-kb linear plasmid. This linear plasmid exhibits a large polyT track within the promoter region of an intact variable large protein gene and a telomere resolvase that is unique to Borrelia. The genome content is characterized by several repeat families, including antigenic lipoproteins. B. recurrentis exhibited a 20.4% genome size reduction and appeared to be a strain of B. duttonii, with a decaying genome, possibly due to the accumulation of genomic errors induced by the loss of recA and mutS. Accompanying this were increases in the number of impaired genes and a reduction in coding capacity, including surface-exposed lipoproteins and putative virulence factors. Analysis of the reconstructed ancestral sequence compared to B. duttonii and B. recurrentis was consistent with the accelerated evolution observed in B. recurrentis. Vector specialization of louse-borne pathogens responsible for major epidemics was associated with rapid genome reduction. The correlation between gene loss and increased virulence of B. recurrentis parallels that of Rickettsia prowazekii, with both species being genomic subsets of less-virulent strains.
ORAL MITEMCINAL (GM‐611), AN ERYTHROMYCIN‐DERIVED PROKINETIC, ACCELERATES NORMAL AND EXPERIMENTALLY DELAYED GASTRIC EMPTYING IN CONSCIOUS DOGS

1 We examined effects of orally administered mitemcinal, an erythromycin‐derived motilin agonist, on gastric emptying and antroduodenal motility in conscious normal dogs and conscious dogs with experimentally delayed gastric emptying. For comparison, we also examined the effects of orally administered cisapride. 2 Gastric emptying was assessed by adding paracetamol to the test meal and determining three of its pharmacokinetic parameters as indices of gastric emptying. Antroduodenal motility was assessed from the output of force transducers chronically implanted in the gastric antrum and duodenum. 3 In normal dogs, mitemcinal (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) dose‐dependently accelerated gastric emptying, significantly increasing all three indices at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg; cisapride (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) had no significant effect. Mitemcinal also dose‐dependently stimulated antroduodenal motility in the interdigestive and digestive states. Cisapride, at 100‐fold the dose, produced similar effects in the interdigestive state, but mixed results in the digestive state. 4 In dogs with delayed gastric emptying induced by subcutaneous clonidine (0.03 mg/kg), mitemcinal (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) dose‐dependently improved delayed gastric emptying, significantly increasing two of three indices at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Cisapride (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) caused non‐significant increases in the indices of gastric emptying, with roughly bell‐shaped dose–response curves. The highest dose of mitemcinal (1 mg/kg) also stimulated antroduodenal motility. 5 In dogs with delayed gastric emptying induced by vagotomy, mitemcinal (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) dose‐dependently improved delayed gastric emptying, significantly increasing all three indices at doses of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg. Cisapride (3 mg/kg) restored the indices to roughly prevagotomy levels, but none of the increases was significant. Mitemcinal, at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg, also stimulated antroduodenal motility. 6 Because delayed gastric emptying is the basic characteristic of gastroparesis, the fact that mitemcinal accelerated gastric emptying in dogs with normal and delayed gastric emptying much more robustly than cisapride adds to the evidence that mitemcinal is likely to be useful for the treatment of patients with gastroparesis.
Analysing and promoting entrepreneurship in Iranian higher education : entrepreneurial attitudes, intentions and opportunity identification

Given the positive influences of entrepreneurship in tems of increasing economic growth and creating jobs, considerable efforts have been made to promote entrepreneurship in both developed and developing countries. Scholars and policymakers are also increasingly interested in the factors which influence the decision to become an entrepreneur and thus understanding why some people decide to start a business while others do not. The research reported in this dissertation therefore explored the factors which influence the entrepreneurial intentions of students in higher education in the developing country of Iran.
Contracting for technology transfer: patent licensing and know-how in Brazil

Abstract Using contract-level data, we study the relation between the inclusion of know-how in cross-border patent licensing agreements and the contractual terms used by firms to deal with moral hazard risks. We use official data on international technology contracts with patent licensing terms registered by affiliated and unaffiliated parties before the Department of Technology Transfer of the National Institute of Intellectual Property (INPI) in Brazil between 1996 and 2012. We find that contracts between unaffiliated parties involving know-how transfer show distinctive contractual and technology features compared to the rest: (i) they involve younger but lower quality technologies (compared to contracts without know-how); (ii) they are more prone to up front lump-sum payments than royalty or combined payments (royalty and fixed); and (iii) they are more likely to be accompanied by the licensing of other IPRs, in addition to patents, such as trademarks.
2012 European guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults

Gonorrhoea is a major public health concern globally. Of particularly grave concern is that resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins has emerged during the most recent years. This guideline provides recommendations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in Europe. Compared to the outdated 2009 European gonorrhoea guideline, this 2012 European gonorrhoea guideline provides up-to-date guidance on, broader indications for testing and treatment of gonorrhoea; the introduction of dual antimicrobial therapy (ceftriaxone 500 mg and azithromycin 2 g) for uncomplicated gonorrhoea when the antimicrobial sensitivity is unknown; recommendation of test of cure in all gonorrhoea cases to ensure eradication of infection and identify emerging resistance; and recommendations to identify, verify and report failures with recommended treatment regimens. Optimisations of the testing, diagnostics, antimicrobial treatment and follow-up of gonorrhoea patients are crucial in controlling the emergent spread of cephalosporin-resistant and multidrug-resistant gonorrhoea.
Bedside biochemical monitoring of the penumbra zone surrounding an evacuated acute subdural haematoma

We describe a penumbra zone with increased biochemical vulnerability in cerebral cortex underlying an evacuated acute subdural haematoma. Two microdialysis catheters were placed in this zone and one catheter was placed in the opposite, less injured hemisphere. The microdialysis perfusates were analysed bedside for glucose, pyruvate, lactate, glutamate, and glycerol.
Applying Augmented Survey Data to Produce More Accurate, Precise, and Internationally Comparable Estimates of Poverty within the 50 United States

This paper introduces a series of augmentations to the Current Population Survey to allow for more accurate estimations of American poverty outcomes and a more fruitful integration of the U.S. into comparative research. The augmentations address three shortcomings in recent poverty research, including (1) severe measurement error in the data from which U.S. poverty estimates are most often derived, (2) the conceptualizations of poverty adopted within U.S.-centric research, and (3) the masking of substantial crossstate variation in poverty outcomes across the 50 United States. Specifically, the augmentations, made public for future researchers to apply, partially correct for the underreporting of four means-tested transfers, establish an internationally comparable conceptualization of poverty, and increase sample sizes for more-precise state-level estimates. The findings illustrate the extent to which prior studies have overestimated the incidence of poverty within the U.S. and have conceptually undervalued the immense heterogeneity of poverty outcomes across the 50 states.
The exosomes in tumor immunity

Exosomes are a kind of nanometric membrane vesicles and can be released by almost all kinds of cells, including cancer cells. As the important mediators in intercellular communications, exosomes mediate exchange of protein and genetic material derived from parental cells. Emerging evidences show that exosomes secreted by either host cells or cancer cells are involved in tumor initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis. Moreover, communications between immune cells and cancer cells via exosomes play dual roles in modulating tumor immunity. In this review, we focus on exosome-mediated immunosuppression via inhibition of antitumor responses elicited by immune cells (DCs, NK cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, etc.) and induction of immunosuppressive or regulatory cell populations (MDSCs, Tregs and Bregs). Transfer of cytokines, microRNAs (miRNAs) and functional mRNAs by tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) is crucial in the immune escape. Furthermore, exosomes secreted from several kinds of immune cells (DCs, CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs) also participate in immunosuppression. On the other hand, we summarize the current application of DC-derived and modified tumor-derived exosomes as tumor vaccines. The potential challenges about exosome-based vaccines for clinical application are also discussed.
Topoclimate effects on growing season length and montane conifer growth in complex terrain

Spatial variability in the topoclimate-driven linkage between forest phenology and tree growth in complex terrain is poorly understood, limiting our understanding of how ecosystems function as a whole. To characterize the influence of topoclimate on phenology and growth, we determined the start, end, and length of the growing season (GSstart, GSend, and GSL, respectively) using the correlation between transpiration and evaporative demand, measured with sapflow. We then compared these metrics with stem relative basal area increment (relative BAI) at seven sites among elevation and aspects in a Colorado montane forest. As elevation increased, we found shorter GSL (−50 d km−1) due to later GSstart (40 d km−1) and earlier GSend (−10 d km−1). North-facing sites had a 21 d shorter GSL than south-facing sites at similar elevations (i.e. equal to 200 m elevation difference on a given aspect). Growing season length was positively correlated with relative BAI, explaining 83% of the variance. This study shows that topography exerts strong environmental controls on GSL and thus forest growth. Given the climate-related dependencies of these controls, the results presented here have important implications for ecosystem responses to changes in climate and highlight the need for improved phenology representation in complex terrain.