Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subprime Market Growth and Predatory Lending

This article provides an overview of two core issues related to subprime market growth and predatory lending. Two general issues were addressed. First, the rapid growth of subprime lending in minority neighborhoods has raised questions concerning the absence of prime conventional lenders in these neighborhoods. There is evidence that more competition by prime lenders could lower the borrowing costs of families who currently have only the option of a high-cost subprime loan. Thus, one objective of this panel was to discuss ways prime lenders could increase their presence in neighborhoods that currently are forced to rely on subprime lenders for their refinancing needs.
Composition of Human Hepatic Bile

To define reference values of human hepatic bile for sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, iron, copper, urea, creatinine, phosphate, glucose, bilirubin, cholesterol, protein, bile salts, phospholipids, ammonia, pH, Pco2, bicarbonate and osmolality, bile was obtained via a T-drain from 12 adult patients who underwent cholecystectomy. Bile of females had a higher cholesterol concentration than that of males. The saturation index, however, was not different in both groups.
A reassessment of the molar volume of silicon and of the Avogadro constant

An "absolute" value for the molar volume of Si in Si single crystals is presented as 12.058 820 7(54) cm/sup 3/ mol/sup -1/ with a relative standard uncertainty of 4.5/spl middot/10/sup -7/. It is argued that the consistency of most of the molar volume determinations is useful for evaluating the quality of the Si single crystals involved. A value for the Avogadro constant is derived as 6.022 133 9(27)/spl middot/10/sup 23/ mol/sup -1/ having a relative standard uncertainty of 4.6/spl middot/10/sup -7/.
The University of North Carolina Caries Risk Assessment Study. I: Rationale and content.

This article presents the rationale and content of a current study that seeks to improve methods to identify children at high risk to dental caries. It summarizes the results of the development of a 12-factor, preliminary caries prediction model based on data derived from the National Preventive Demonstration Program. Despite data limitations, the model produced a sensitivity of . 5 and specificity of . 8 for four-year caries increment prediction in first- and fifth-grade children. Data on a number of additional potential predictors are being collected in two sites to expand and improve the existing model. These factors are identified.
Hadronic transitions and 1P1 states of heavy quarkonia.

TSINGHUA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA; CHINESE ACAD SCI,INST THEORET PHYS,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA; UNIV HAWAII,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,HONOLULU,HI 96822; CORNELL UNIV,NEWMAN LAB NUCL STUDIES,ITHACA,NY 14853
T Cell Deficiency Leads to Liver Carcinogenesis in Azoxymethane-Treated Rats

There is an increasing amount of evidence suggesting that T cell deficiency contributes to tumor development. However, it is unclear whether T cell deficiency leads to liver and colon carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of T cells on liver and colon carcinogenesis. Athymic F344/N Jcl-rnu/- (nu/nu) rats and euthymic F344/N Jcl-rnu/+ (nu/+) rats were administered the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) at a dose of 15 mg/kg body wt once a week for 2 weeks. At 48 weeks after the second carcinogen treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and livers and colons were examined. Apoptosis and cell proliferation were evaluated by DNA fragmentation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen assays, respectively. Wild-type p53 and members of the Jun and Fos oncogene families were detected by Western blotting. AOM treatment induced 100% liver tumor and 63.6% colon tumor incidence in T cell–deficient nu/nu rats, compared with 0% and 38.5% incidence in nu/+ rats. T cell deficiency promoted the inhibitory action of AOM on apoptosis in both liver and colon at 48 weeks. In contrast, T cell deficiency increased cell proliferation after AOM treatment in both tissues. Wild-type p53 was reduced in both tissues of T cell–deficient rats. AOM treatment induced c-Jun and c-Fos expressions in the liver but increased only Fos B in the colon, whereas T cell deficiency enhanced c-Jun overexpression in the liver. These results suggest that T cell deficiency leads to liver carcinogenesis partly by a reduction in wild-type p53 and increasing c-Jun expression in AOM-treated rats.
Retroviral insertional activation in a herpesvirus: transcriptional activation of US genes by an integrated long terminal repeat in a Marek's disease virus clone

Insertional activation of host proto-oncogenes has been recognized as a basic mechanism by which nonacute retroviruses induce cancer. Our previous work has demonstrated that retroviruses can efficiently integrate into DNA virus genomes. Specifically, coinfection of cultured fibroblasts with a chicken herpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV), and a chicken retrovirus results in frequent stable retroviral insertions into the herpesvirus genome. Such insertions could alter the expression of herpesvirus genes, possibly resulting in novel phenotypic properties. In this article, we report the characterization of a replication-competent clone of MDV with integrated retroviral sequences. This virus was isolated from a chicken following injection of fibroblasts coinfected with MDV and the retrovirus, reticuloendotheliosis virus. Transcripts originating from the reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat promoters were found to encode the adjoining MDV genes, SORF2, US1, and US10. This virus replicates well in culture but has an unusual phenotype in chickens, characterized by an attenuated virulence which produces no nerve lesions but, rather, severe thymic atrophy. While the causal relationship between the insertion and the observed phenotypes remains to be established, our data provide the first evidence of retroviral insertional activation of herpesvirus genes.
Giving In to Arousal or Staying Stuck in Disgust? Disgust-Based Mechanisms in Sex and Sexual Dysfunction

Sex and disgust seem like strange bedfellows. The premise of this review is that disgust-based mechanisms nevertheless hold great promise for improving our understanding of sexual behavior, including dysfunctions. Disgust is a defensive emotion that protects the organism from contamination. Accordingly, disgust is focused on the border of the self, with the mouth and vagina being the body parts that show strongest disgust sensitivity. Given the central role of these organs in sexual behavior, together with the fact that bodily products are among the strongest disgust elicitors, the critical question seems not whether disgust may interfere with sex but rather how people succeed in having pleasurable sex at all. We argue that sexual arousal plays a critical role in counteracting disgust-induced avoidance via lowering the threshold for engaging in “disgusting sex. ” Following this, all mechanisms that interfere with the generation of sexual arousal or enhance the disgusting properties of sexual stimuli may hamper the functional transition from a sex-avoidance into an approach disposition. Since prolonged contact is the most powerful means to reduce disgust, disgust-based mechanisms that counteract sexual approach may give rise to a self-perpetuating cycle in which enhanced sexual disgust becomes a chronic feature.
Hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by human colonic bacteria

Emulsions of the fatty acids linoleic (C18 : 2 n‐6), α‐linolenic (C18 : 3 n‐3) and arachidonic acid (C20 : 4 n‐6) were incubated for 4 h under anaerobic conditions with human faecal suspensions. Linoleic acid was significantly decreased (P < 0·001) and there was a significant rise (P < 0·05) in its hydrogenation product, stearic acid. Linolenic acid was also significantly decreased (P < 0·01), and significant increases in C18 : 3 cis‐trans isomers (P < 0·01) and linoleic acid (P < 0·05) were seen. With each acid, there were non‐significant increases in acids considered to be intermediates in biohydrogenation. The study provides evidence that bacteria from the human colon can hydrogenate C18 essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, with arachidonic acid there was no evidence of hydrogenation.
Large-eddy simulation of large-scale structures in long channel flow

We investigate statistics of large-scale structures from large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent channel flow at friction Reynolds numbers Reτ = 2K and 200K (where K denotes 1000). In order to capture the behaviour of large-scale structures properly, the channel length is chosen to be 96 times the channel half-height. In agreement with experiments, these large-scale structures are found to give rise to an apparent amplitude modulation of the underlying small-scale fluctuations. This effect is explained in terms of the phase relationship between the large- and small-scale activity. The shape of the dominant large-scale structure is investigated by conditional averages based on the large-scale velocity, determined using a filter width equal to the channel half-height. The conditioned field demonstrates coherence on a scale of several times the filter width, and the small-scale–large-scale relative phase difference increases away from the wall, passing through π/2 in the overlap region of the mean velocity before approaching π further from the wall. We also found that, near the wall, the convection velocity of the large scales departs slightly, but unequivocally, from the mean velocity.
Pre-adjunctions in order enriched categories

Category theory offers a unified mathematical framework for the study of specifications and programs in a variety of styles, such as procedural, functional and concurrent. One way that these different languages may be treated uniformly is by generalising the definitions of some standard categorical concepts. In this paper we reproduce in the generalised theory analogues of some standard theorems on isomorphism, and outline their applications to programming languages.
Neurocognitive Profile of an Adult Sample With Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and debilitating illness that impacts neurocognitive function. However, the majority of previous studies varied in methodologic design and rigor, thus minimizing definitive conclusions. The present study was designed to determine the impact of CKD on neurocognitive function through specific examination of CKD factors and therapeutic interventions. We evaluated 120 CKD outpatients and 41 healthy donors (controls) in terms of neurocognitive function, anxiety, and depressive symptomatology, and somnolence. Information regarding medical and treatment history was recorded. Twenty-three percent of CKD patients presented with cognitive impairment. Stage 5 patients had lower scores (p < .05) compared with controls and patients in stage 3 and 4 on measures of global cognitive function. No differences in global cognitive function were found between stage 3 and 4 patients and controls. A greater proportion of patients undergoing hemodialysis relative to those treated with peritoneal dialysis showed impairment on measures of memory functions. Results suggest that stage 5 CKD patients may present with impaired cognitive functions. Anemia appeared to be a key variable that may explain the memory impairment in this sample. Future longitudinal investigations of CKD are warranted to determine the trajectory of cognitive impairment. (JINS, 2010, 17, 000–000)
PHENOTHIAZINE-PRODUCED EXTRA-PYRAMIDAL SYSTEM DISTURBANCE.

Introduction When Delay and Deniker introduced chlorpromazine in 1952, they described sideeffects which simulated post-encephalitic parkinsonism. It has since been demonstrated that these signs of extra-pyramidal system disturbance (SESD) are a feature of all anti-psychotic chemotherapeutic agents. There is, however, no general agreement among clinicians as to the therapeutic role of SESD. Some consider these symptoms undesirable and seek compounds in which they are minimal, while others believe their presence indicates adequate medication and are a sine qua non for improvement. These irreconciliable attitudes are caused in large measure by the lack of standardized methods for measuring and reporting SESD. Haase, 1 for instance, studied fine muscular movements as evidenced in handwriting, while Denber 2 reports on gross rigidity in certain muscle groups. Recurrent questions that arise include: How long does it take for the signs to appear? How long do they
The effects of Zumba training on cardiovascular and neuromuscular function in female college students

Abstract The present study examined the effects of Zumba training (group fitness based on salsa and aerobics) on endurance, trunk strength, balance, flexibility, jumping performance and quality of life (QoL) in female college students. Thirty female participants were randomly assigned (strata: age, BMI and physical activity) to an intervention (INT, n = 15: age: 21.0 ± 2.3 years; BMI: 21.8 ± 3.0 kg/m2; physical activity (PA): 7.6 ± 4.6 h/week) or control group (CON, n = 14: age: 21.0 ± 2.8 years; BMI: 21.0 ± 2.1 kg/m2; PA: 7.3 ± 3.6 h/week). Instructed Zumba training was provided twice a week for 8 weeks (training attendance: 100%). QoL was assessed using the WHO-QoL-BREF questionnaire. Endurance was measured with the 6-min walking test (6MWT). Trunk flexibility was assessed with the stand-and-reach-test and lower-extremity strength with the jump-and-reach-test. The star excursion balance test (SEBT) was employed to assess dynamic balance. Trunk strength endurance was examined using the Swiss global trunk strength test in prone and lateral (left, right) positions. All testings were performed before and after the training period. We observed large statistically significant between-group effects of total QoL score (INT: +9.8%, CON: +0.4%, p < 0.001; partial eta squared ), 6MWT distance (INT: +21%, CON: −2%, p < 0.001, ), trunk strength endurance (prone, INT: +48%, CON: +11%, p = 0.04, ; lateral-left, INT: +71%, CON: +11%, p = 0.01, , lateral-right, INT: +54%, CON: +11%, p = 0.01, ) and dynamic balance (all eight reaching distances of the SEBT, INT: +11−26%, CON: +1.1−3.8%, 0.001 < p < 0.04, 0.14 < ) with significantly larger improvements for INT. Flexibility and jump performance were not relevantly affected (p > 0.05). Instructed Zumba training can be applied to improve well-being, aerobic fitness and neuromuscular function in female college students.
Complementarity of ecological goal functions.

This paper summarizes, in the framework of network environ analysis, a set of analyses of energy-matter flow and storage in steady-state systems. The network perspective is used to codify and unify ten ecological orientors or extremal principles: maximum power (Lotka), maximum storage (Jørgensen-Mejer), maximum empower and emergy (Odum), maximum ascendency (Ulanowicz), maximum dissipation (Schneider-Kay), maximum cycling (Morowitz), maximum residence time (Cheslak-Lamarra), minimum specific dissipation (Onsager, Prigogine), and minimum empower to exergy ratio (Bastianoni-Marchettini). We show that, seen in this framework, these seemingly disparate extrema are all mutually consistent, suggesting a common pattern for ecosystem development. This pattern unfolds in the network organization of systems.
Analysis and Comparison of Secondary Series- and Parallel-Compensated Inductive Power Transfer Systems Operating for Optimal Efficiency and Load-Independent Voltage-Transfer Ratio

Secondary series- and parallel-compensations are widely used in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems for various applications. These compensations are often studied under some isolated constraints of maximum power transfer, optimal efficiency at a particular loading condition, etc. These constraints constitute an insufficient set of requirements for engineers to select appropriate compensation techniques to be used as a voltage converter with optimal efficiency and loading conditions. This paper studies the characteristics of the IPT system at various frequencies of operation utilizing the two compensation techniques to work as a voltage converter. The frequencies that can provide maximum efficiency of operation and load-independent voltage-transfer ratio are analyzed. The optimal frequencies corresponding to the two compensation techniques are found and compared to facilitate the design of voltage converters with efficient power conversion and load-independent frequency of operation. The analysis is supported by experimental measurements.
Studies on the preparation and antibacterial properties of quaternized polyethyleneimine

Quaternized polyethyleneimine (QPEI) was prepared via two types of macromolecular reactions, tertiary amination reaction and quaterization, and its chemical structure was characterized using infrared and UV spectroscopy. In this paper, the antibacterial properties of QPEI were mainly investigated by using Escherichia coli as model bacterium and with the colony count method. The effects of the cationic degree and pH value of the medium on the antibacterial properties of QPEI were examined. The antibacterial mechanism of QPEI was also explored using enzyme activity measurement methods, in which the enzyme activity of two enzymes, β-D-galactosidase and TTC-dehydrogenase, were measured. The experiments show that QPEI possesses outstanding antibacterial activity because of combination effect of the antibacterial groups on the macromolecular chains. The antibacterial ratio reached 100% for bacterium suspensions of 109 CFU/ml with a polymer concentration of 15 mg/l for a contact time of 4 min. The cationic degree influences the antibacterial ability of QPEI greatly, and the higher the cationic degree, the stronger the antibacterial activity. The experimental data indicated that the pI of the E. coli protein is probably 4.5. When pH > 4.5, the antibacterial activity of QPEI increases with increasing pH, and when pH > 6 the antibacterial ratio reaches a maximum and remain nearly constant. The enzyme activity measurement results reveal that the antibacterial action of QPEI is based on a sterilization process. Similar to the small molecular quaternary ammonium salt, QPEI causes cell death by disrupting cell membranes and releasing the intracellular contents.
Design of a Gait Phase Recognition System That Can Cope With EMG Electrode Location Variation

Electromyogram (EMG) signal-based gait phase recognition for walking-assist devices warrants much attention in human-centered system design as it well exemplifies human-in-the-loop control where the system's prediction directly affects subsequent walking motion. Since walking motion poses considerable variations in electrode placement, performance reliability of such systems is contingent on a combination of electrode montage and a feature extraction method that takes into account underlying physiological factors of peripheral muscles where electrodes are placed. In many practical applications, however, proper consideration of effects of the electrode location variation on performance reliability of the system has received scant empirical attention. Here, based on a user-centered design principle, we establish a gait phase recognition system that is capable of rigidly controlling ill effects due to this covariate by carrying out a large-scale analysis that combines statistical, model-based, and empirical approaches. In doing so, we have developed a special sensing suit for the control of electrode placement and a reliable data acquisition. We then have conducted a nonparametric statistical analysis on class separability values of thirty types of EMG feature sets, followed by a model-based analysis to address the tradeoff between class separability and dimensionality. To further address the issue of how these results generalize to independent systems and data sets, we have carried out an empirical performance assessment over six classification methods. First, the two feature types, Integral of Absolute Value and Histogram, and a combination of the two are shown to be robust against electrode location variations while providing a firm performance guarantee. Second, system organization scenarios are presented on a case-by-case basis, allowing us to trade off system complexity for on-line adaptation capability. Collectively, our integrated analysis lends itself to formulating a guideline for design of highly reliable EMG signal-based walking assistant systems in a variety of smart home scenarios.
Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in liver tissue sections from brown hares (Lepus europaeus P.) and mountain hares (Lepus timidus L.) using the peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique as a complement to conventional histopathology.

Summary The peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) staining technique was used in a retrospective study to confirm the routine histopathological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in sections of liver tissue from 388 wild brown hares (Lepus europaeus P.) and 202 wild mountain hares (L. timidus L.) subjected to autopsy at the National Veterinary Institute, Sweden during 1980–1985. Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and tissue cysts together with generally widespread necrotic hepatic changes were demonstrated in 39 cases of brown hares and in 8 of mountain hares, acute toxoplasmosis thus comprising 10.1% and 4.0% of the diagnoses in the respective materials. The PAP staining technique was shown to be an excellent method of detecting T. gondii infection in hares and immunohistochemistry to be an essential complement to routine histopathology to establish the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in these cases. Zusammenfassung Nachweis von Toxoplasma gondii in Lebergewebeschnitten von Feldhasen (Lepus europaeus P.) und Schneehasen (Lepus timidus L.) mit dem Peroxydase-Anti-Peroxydase-Farbeverfahren zusatzlich zur ublichen histopathologischen Diagnose Das Peroxydase-anti-Peroxydase-Farbeverfahren wurde in einer retrospektiven Untersuchung verwendet, um die histopathologische Diagnose einer Toxoplasmose in Lebergewebeschnitten von 388 wilden europaischen Feldhasen (Lepus europaeus P.) und 202 wilden Schneehasen (L. timidus L.) zu bestatigen, die zwischen 1980 und 1985 im Nationalen Veterinarmedizinischen Institut, Schweden, einer Autopsie unterzogen wurden. Toxoplasma gondii-Tachyzoiten und Gewebezysten zusammen mit allgemein weitverbreiteten nekrotischen, hepatischen Veranderungen konnten in 39 Feldhasen und in 8 Schneehasen festgestellt werden, d. h. in 10,1% bzw. 4,0% der Falle wurde akute Toxoplasmose nachgewiesen. In diesen Fallen erwies sich das PAP-Farbeverfahren als ausgezeichneter Nachweis von Infektionen mit T. gondii in Hasen und als eine unabdingbare Erganzung der ublichen histopathologischen Diagnose von Toxoplasmose.