Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor Resistance to Molecularly Targeted Agents

Despite the development of new targeted cancer therapies, primary and secondary tumors continue to be a leading cause of suffering and mortality worldwide. The complexity and heterogeneity of malignancies ultimately result in tumor resistance to therapies, such as EGFR inhibitiors, anti-angiogenesis agents, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. An example of targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma is presented, including the SAE profile and efficacy of 6 targeted agents. Although survival is improved, resistance and an increased side effect profile diminish the benefits of these agents. New agents are needed which are pathway independent and which can overcome tumor resistance without adding to the side effect profile of current therapies.
Testing Aggregation Consistency Across Geography and Commodities

Consistent aggregation of production data across commodities and Western USA states was tested using Lewbel's generalised composite commodity theorem. The applicability of the generalised composite commodity theorem for testing consistent geographic aggregation was demonstrated and applied to two groups of states. Consistent commodity aggregation was tested in each state for two output groups and three input groups and in one state for a larger number of groups. Most tests for commodity aggregation supported consistent aggregation of inputs but not outputs. Consistent geographic aggregation was supported for each output and input category across Pacific Northwest states but only for inputs across all Western states.
Spatial Variations of Values of Residential Land Use in Lagos Metropolis

The cost of land has very strong influence on the quality and type of development that can be sustained on such land. Residential areas are no exception. This is more pronounced in economically vibrant. Lagos being the economic nerve centre of Nigeria fall into this category cities. This study is therefore to further enrich existing literature in this area but focusing on residential land values in Metropolitan Lagos. In the study, the actual prices of various components of residential land use are established which the study classified into rent, purchase price of residential apartments and purchase price of residential plots of land. This was done for different residential land use types which the study classified into three: namely high density, medium density and low density areas. The study concludes that residential land values are high in the low density areas and lower at the high density areas. The paper suggests the need to improve both physical and economic access to residential properties, privatization of the supply of infrastructural facilities, improvement in the quality of the environment and the need to release lands under public ownership to make more land available for residential use. Keywords : Residential, Land Value, Neighbourhood, Rent, Cost, Land
Tire Models for Use in Braking Applications

The tire is a significant part for control of a vehicle. For a well-working brake system the contact properties between the tire and the ground is the limiting factor for a safe braking. To get optimal performance it is important that the system can utilize all friction resources. The brush tire model was a popular method in the 1960's and 1970's before the empirical approaches became dominating. The brush model gives an educational interpretation of the physics behind the tire behavior and explains that a part of the tire surface in the contact patch to the ground slides on the road surface. Information about the friction coefficient is revealed in the tire behavior even when low tire forces are transmitted. If the the brush model is sufficiently good it is possible to estimate the friction coefficient. In the thesis the influence of velocity-dependent friction and asymmetric pressure-distribution on the brush model are examined. The latter is used to introduce a calibration factor to improve the agreement of the model to real data. Performed vehicle tests show that sufficient accuracy might be obtained. The coupling between the longitudinal and lateral tire forces is discussed in detail and a new proposal to derive the combined slip forces from pure slip models is presented. This method relies on the physics from the brush model and includes a velocity dependency which is derived from the pure slip models. All information is extracted automaticly from the models, which allows continuous changes of the tire characteristics. The method shows good agreement to real data. (Less)
PREDICTION OF WEANING FAILURE OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION USING CLINICAL PARAMETERS IN PICU

ABSTRACT Background: Mechanical ventilation is a life support intervention that is used for a large number of patients in Pediatric intensive care units. The current pediatric literature shows that the science of ventilator weaning and extubation remains undetermined. No optimal weaning method has been described for a more rapid and successful extubation. Objective: Weaning predictors are used as a decision point in protocols to determine whether a patient may advance to a spontaneous breathing trial. We designed a study to determine the effect of including a weaning predictor (clinical weaning parameters) in a weaning protocol. Subjects & Methods:  Cross section study was conducted on 53 children who admitted to PICU. All patients should be eligible for weaning from mechanical ventilation. Clinical data and laboratory investigations were obtained on admission. Patients underwent a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) after reversal of the underlying cause for respiratory failure and when they met all the weaning criteria. Then Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) was performed. As RSBI ≤ 8 breath/min/ml/kg, PaO 2 > 60 mmHg , Pa CO 2 200 mg , Tidal volume (V T ) > 5 ml/kg, V e >200 ml/min/kg, PEEP < 5 CmH 2 O and RR < 45 breath/min.  Weaning failure is defined as the inability to sustain spontaneous breathing without any form of ventilator support, for at least 48 h. The results were tabulated and analyzed with SPSS. Results: RSBI differed significantly between patients who succeeded weaning from mechanical ventilation and those who failed (3.12±1 vs. 9.5±1.04 breath/min/ml/kg; P < 0.001). A cutoff value ≥3.5 breath/min/ml/kg on were associated with a prediction of failure of weaning from mechanical ventilation with a 100%sensitivity, 75% specificity,0.724 positive predictive value (PPV), 1 negative predictive value (NPV) and 84.91% accuracy. Conclusion and key messages: Clinical weaning parameter could be considered a sensitive and specific marker for prediction of weaning failure. Keywords Weaning; extubation; mechanical ventilation; pediatric Intensive Care Unit; weaning criteria; spontaneous breathing.
Financial Valuation and Risk Management Working Paper No . 604 Three Solutions to the Pricing Kernel Puzzle Thorsten Hens

The pricing kernel is an important link between economics and nance. In standard models of nancial economics it is proportional to the aggregate utility in the economy. These models have complete markets and risk-averse agents with correct beliefs. Consequently, the pricing kernel in these models is a decreasing function of aggregate resources. However, there is ample empirical evidence that the pricing kernel has some increasing parts, which is the so called pricing kernel puzzle. In this paper we rst show that neither of the three assumptions is needed for the pricing kernel to be generally decreasing and we show then that if at least one of the three assumptions is violated, the pricing kernel can have increasing parts. We explain the economic principles that lead to the increasing part in the pricing kernel. In order to check the empirical relevance of the di erent possible explanations, the resulting pricing kernels are then compared with the empirical pricing kernel estimated in Jackwerth (2000).
Trends of Temperature and Signature of Solar Activity in Selected Stations in Nigeria

This study investigates the variability and periodicity of minimum temperature, maximum temperature and sunspot number—a solar activity index in selected synoptic stations across Nigeria from 1946 to 2010. Annual and semiannual effect of solar activity on minimum temperature was observed in all the six stations. This was indicated in the occurrence of modal periodicities of 6-month and 12-month observed across the six synoptic stations. The synoptic stations are Sokoto (13.01°N, 5.15°E), Ilorin (8.29°N, 4.35°E), Ikeja (6.35°N, 3.20°E), Enugu (6.28°N, 7.33°E), Port-Harcourt (4.51°N, 7.01°E) and Maiduguri (11.51°N, 13.05°E). Similarly, the trends of inter-decadal va-riability of minimum and maximum temperature show a non-uniformity increase over the analyzed period with a slight decrease before 1960. The long term behavior of minimum and maximum temperature shows a warming rate which ranges from 0.1°C/decade to 0.2°C/ decade across the six stations except for maximum temperature at Ilorin and minimum temperature at Sokoto which is at -0.2°C/decade and 0.3°C/decade respectively.
Effect of Additives and Process Variables on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Macauba Kernel Oil (Acrocomia aculeata)

This work investigates the production of free fatty acids (FFAs) from the enzymatic hydrolysis of macauba kernel oil. Experiments evaluate the effect of different enzymes and the addition of salts, surfactants, and solvents to the reaction medium, as well as the effect of process variables. Results showed that FFA yields obtained for use of Lipozyme RM IM were higher than those obtained from Lipozyme TL IM and Lipozyme 435. The addition of salts and surfactants did not promote increased production of FFAs, while adding n-hexane and heptane to the reaction medium led to an increased reaction rate. It can be observed for the results that the temperature, water : oil mass ratio, and enzyme percentage had positive effects on the FFA yield in the range of 35°C to 55°C, 1 : 20 to 1 : 2, and 1 to 15%, respectively, and that, from these limits, increases in these variables did not cause significant increase in FFA yields. The addition of buffer promoted an increase in yield FFAs, as well as the pH of the buffer, and it was reported that an agitation of 400 rpm resulted in the highest yields in the investigated range.
Determination of Sr properties for a high-accuracy optical clock

We have carried out calculations towards the goal of reducing the inaccuracy of the Sr optical atomic clock to 1 10 �17 and below. In particular, we focused on ac polarizabilities of the 5s 2 1 S0 and 5s5p 3 P0 clock states that are important for reducing the uncertainty of black-body radiation-induced frequency shifts for the 1 S 0 - 3 P 0 clock transition. Four low-lying even-parity states have been identified, whose total contribution to the static polarizability of the 3 P 0 clock state is at the level of 90%. We show that if the contribution of these states is experimentally known with 0.1% accuracy, the same accuracy can be achieved for the total polarizability of the 3 P 0 o state. The corresponding uncertainty for the blackbody shift at a fixed room temperature will be below 1 10 �17 . The calculations are confirmed by a number of experimental measurements on various Sr properties.
Kobe University Repository : Kernel タイトル Tit le Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Reprogramming from Roots to Haustoria in the

権利 Rights © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. This is an Open Access art icle distributed under the terms of the Creat ive Commons Attribut ion Non-Commercial License (ht tp://creat ivecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits noncommercial re-use, distribut ion, and reproduct ion in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
ON THE FORMATION OF INTERSTELLAR WATER ICE: CONSTRAINTS FROM A SEARCH FOR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ICE IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS

Recent surface chemistry experiments have shown that the hydrogenation of molecular oxygen on interstellar dust grains is a plausible formation mechanism, via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), for the production of water (H2O) ice mantles in the dense interstellar medium. Theoretical chemistry models also predict the formation of a significant abundance of H2O2 ice in grain mantles by this route. At their upper limits, the predicted and experimental abundances are sufficiently high that H2O2 should be detectable in molecular cloud ice spectra. To investigate this further, laboratory spectra have been obtained for H2O2/H2O ice films between 2.5 and 200 μm, from 10 to 180 K, containing 3%, 30%, and 97% H2O2 ice. Integrated absorbances for all the absorption features in low-temperature H2O2 ice have been derived from these spectra. For identifying H2O2 ice, the key results are the presence of unique features near 3.5, 7.0, and 11.3 μm. Comparing the laboratory spectra with the spectra of a group of 24 protostars and field stars, all of which have strong H2O ice absorption bands, no absorption features are found that can definitely be identified with H2O2 ice. In the absence of definite H2O2 features, the H2O2 abundance is constrained by its possible contribution to the weak absorption feature near 3.47 μm found on the long-wavelength wing of the 3 μm H2O ice band. This gives an average upper limit for H2O2, as a percentage of H2O, of 9% ± 4%. This is a strong constraint on parameters for surface chemistry experiments and dense cloud chemistry models.
The psychosocial needs and quality of life of family caregivers of patients with organ transplant

Background Families of patients with organ transplants experience many problems, both with the onset of illness and during the hospitalisation of their relative for an organ transplant. The healthcare providers try their best to give high-quality care to patients. However, they neglect quality of life and psychosocial needs of family caregivers. Aims This study aimed to assess the psychosocial needs and quality of life of the family caregivers of post-transplant patients and the relationship between these two variables. Methods This descriptive correlational study was conducted on liver, kidney and bone marrow transplant wards in the largest transplant centre affiliated with a university of medical science in south-eastern Iran. The sample included 230 family caregivers of post-transplant patients, who were selected using quota sampling. Data were collected using the 45-item questionnaire of psychosocial needs (the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory) with five dimensions (assurance, comfort, information, proximity and support), and the Short Form-36 Quality of Life questionnaire with eight scales (physical functioning, physical problems, emotional problems, social functioning, pain, vitality, mental health and perception of health). In the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory, 1 indicates not important and 4 very important. In the Short Form-36 Quality of Life questionaire, 0 indicates the worst health and 100 the best health. Results The participants rated the mean of their psychosocial needs as important (3.18 ± 0.27). Also, the mean of quality of life of participants was at an undesirable level (45.17 ± 92.66). The psychosocial needs of the caregivers showed a poor, inverse significant relationship with their quality of life (r = −0.16, p = 0.01). Conclusion The results showed that with increasing psychosocial needs of family caregivers of post-transplant patients, their quality of life declines. Healthcare providers should implement developed plans and appropriate strategies to fulfil psychosocial needs and improve the quality of life of family caregivers of these patients.
Spatial distribution of dust in the shell elliptical NGC 5982

Aims. Shells in Ellipticals are peculiar faint sharp edged features that are thought to be formed by galaxy mergers. We determine the shell and dust distributions, and colours of a well-resolved shell and the underlying galaxy in NGC 5982, and compare the spatial distributions of the dust and gas phases, in order to investigate the origin of shells and dust in NGC 5982. Methods. We use Spitzer data in the wavelength range from 3.6 to 160 mu m and HST/ACS optical data. Surface photometry, galaxy models and residual images are determined using IRAF task ELLIPSE and GALPHOT task ELLIPFIT. After subtracting the galaxy models, residual images are used to identify the shells. Excess emission is identified by subtracting a scaled stellar photosphere emission template. Colours [3.6]-[4.5], [3.6]-[8.0] and [5.8]-[8.0] of the underlying galaxy and [5.8]-[8.0] of the excess emission are obtained using techniques similar to those of Pahre et al. The [3.6]-[4.5] and V -I colours of a well-resolved shell are determined using techniques of Sikkema et al. Results. Shells are visible in the 3.6 mu m image, fainter at 4.5 mu m and undetected at 5.8 mu m. We find two new shells, the outermost identified so far in NGC 5982. All shells apart from shell 24 are on the photometric major axis. Shell 24 is the only one for which reliable colours are obtained. It has colours [3.6]-[4.5] and V - I bluer than the underlying galaxy. Excess emission at 4.5, 5.8 and 8 mu m is widely extended. The ratio of excess to total emission decreases towards the centre, which could be related to a lower mass loss rate from AGB stars. The [3.6]-[4.5] colour indicates a major contribution from late-type (K2-M0III) stars towards the centre. Dust traced by 24 mu m emission follows the stellar spatial distribution, supporting a circumnuclear origin. We find extended 160 mu m emission from cold dust, possibly forming a disk inclined to the principal axes, with a mass of a few 10(5) M-circle dot. The warmer big grains and/or smaller grains traced by the 70 mu m emission are confined to a small region elongated along the minor axis and shifted a few kpc from the centre. Conclusions. We detect for the first time shells from mid-infrared data. The very different distributions of dust, warm gas and HI gas together with the presence of shells and a kinematically decoupled core suggest a minor merger in NGC 5982.
Where NGOs go and do not go

In this paper, we investigate the role of output market imperfections in constraining the microfinance program to mitigate credit market imperfections. We develop a model in which output market imperfections increase operating costs for NGOs and create barriers for producers to market their goods. Therefore, NGOs engage in locations having good physical infrastructure and better productive and marketing opportunities to minimize operating cost and maximize loan repayment. Using data from northern Bangladesh, we find strong support for the model predictions. NGO coverage in a village, measured both by percentage of NGO member households and number of NGOs working, decreases with distance of the village from marketplace and increases with adoption of modern irrigation method and soil quality. NGOs do not consider poverty incidence in the village. The results have important implications for development economics in general and impact assessment of microfinance program in particular.
Comparative study of the use of arthrocentesis and arthrocentesis in addition with platelet rich plasma in management of temporomandibular joint internal derangement

Background: Disc derangement disorders of the TMJ are a group of intra-articular biomechanical disorders in which there is an abnormal relationship in the functional ‘articular cartilaginous’ condyle-disc complex.Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a blood product that allows in a simple, low cost, and minimally invasive way to obtain a concentration of many growth factors when activated.Aim: To compare the use of arthrocentesis alone and arthrocentesis in addition with platelet rich plasma in management of TMJ internal derangement.Materials and Methods: fourteen patients with DDwOR were included in the study diagnosed according to The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD) and divided into two groups as follow; seven patients underwent intra-articular injections of 2 ml PRP after arthrocentesis (study group) and the other seven patients were treated by the conventional arthrocentesis using Ringer’s solution (control group). The patients were clinically evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at the intervals of 1 month and 6 months.Results: The differences between the two groups in all the measured parameters were statistically insignificant throughout the postoperative period.Conclusion: injection is a safe and effective method in the treatment of TMDs.
Weddell Sea anomalies: Excitation, propagation, and possible consequences

Antarctic marginal seas are susceptible to significant decadal variability as revealed by the analysis of a 200‐year integration of a regional ice‐ocean model forced with the atmospheric output of the IPCC climate model ECHAM5‐MPIOM. The strongest signal occurs on the southern and western Weddell Sea continental shelf where changes in bottom salinity are initiated by a variable sea ice cover and modification of surface waters near the Greenwich meridian. Related zonal shifts of the western rim current guide deep waters with different temperature out of the Weddell Sea. With a deep boundary current the temperature signal propagates westward through southern Drake Passage and along the upper continental rise in the southeast Pacific thereby influencing the hydrographic conditions on the continental shelf of Bellingshausen, Amundsen, and Ross Seas.
Collaboration experience in the supply chain of knowledge and patent development

Abstract In this paper, we aim at understanding the role of collaboration experience in supply chains of knowledge (SCoK). The SCoK of a company is its supply chain not related to the flow of physical goods but to the flow of R&D commodities. R&D commodities are for example patents, technologies, research services, studies, and projects, and, in high-tech industries, their development and commercialisation are considered as important as real products. To accomplish our aim in this paper, we fulfil the following research objectives: (1) investigate the relationship between the collaboration experience in SCoK and the propensity of the firm to develop new patents; (2) examine how the structural embeddedness of the firm within its SCoK mediates this relationship. We ground our conceptual model on the supply chain, open innovation and social capital literatures and empirically test our hypotheses on a cross-sectional data-set of 208 biotech companies that have signed 612 SCoK agreements in the years 2006–2010. The key findings of this study are: first, accumulating experience in SCoK collaborations facilitates the development of new patents; second, being central and bridging structural holes within the SCoK are two means by which the experience in SCoK collaborations is translated into new patents.
Quality Aspects of Fruit and Vegetables Dried Convectively with Osmotic Pretreatment

This article presents a quality analysis of convectively dried fruits and vegetables with preliminary osmotic dehydration. Tests were carried out on banana fruit and red beetroot samples. Hypertonic solutions of fructose for the banana and those of sucrose for the red beetroot were used, each one at three different concentrations. After osmotic dewatering treatment conducted at different time intervals and after osmotic dehydration the samples were dried convectively until an equilibrium with the surroundings was attained. Osmotic dehydration and convective drying curves were determined. The values of Solids Gain (SG), Water Loss (WL) and Weight Reduction (WR) were measured and changes in the samples’ colour and shape after convective drying with and without osmotic pretreatment were assessed.