Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Going a Step Beyond the Black and White Lists for URL Accesses in the Enterprise by Means of Categorical Classifiers

Corporate systems can be secured using an enormous quantity of methods, and the implementation of Black or White lists is among them. With these lists it is possible to restrict (or to allow) the users the execution of applications or the access to certain URLs, among others. This paper is focused in the latter option. It describes the whole processing of a set of data composed by URL sessions performed by the employees of a company; from the preprocessing stage, including labelling and data balancing processes, to the application of several classification algorithms. The aim is to define a method for automatically make a decision of allowing or denying future URL requests, considering a set of corporate security policies. Thus, this work goes a step beyond the usual black and white lists, since they can only control those URLs that are specifically included in them, but not by making decisions based in similarity (through classification techniques), or even in other variables of the session, as it is proposed here. The results show a set of classification methods which get very good classification percentages (95-97%), and which infer some useful rules based in additional features (rather that just the URL string) related to the user's access. This led us to consider that this kind of tool would be very useful tool for an enterprise.
Pharmacokinetics of high-dose intravenous ciprofloxacin in young and elderly and in male and female subjects

The effects of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of high-dose intravenous ciprofloxacin in a healthy volunteer study were investigated. Plasma ciprofloxacin concentrations were higher in the elderly than in the young, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly different between the genders. Ciprofloxacin was well tolerated, with the majority of adverse events related to local reactions at the IV site.
Climate–surface–pore‐water interactions on a salt crusted playa: implications for crust pattern and surface roughness development measured using terrestrial laser scanning

Sodium accumulating playas (also termed sodic or natric playas) are typically covered by polygonal crusts with different pattern characteristics, but little is known about the short‐term (hours) dynamics of these patterns or how pore water may respond to or drive changing salt crust patterning and surface roughness. It is important to understand these interactions because playa‐crust surface pore‐water and roughness both influence wind erosion and dust emission through controlling erodibility and erosivity. Here we present the first high resolution (10−3 m; hours) co‐located measurements of changing moisture and salt crust topography using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and infra‐red imagery for Sua Pan, Botswana. Maximum nocturnal moisture pattern change was found on the crests of ridged surfaces during periods of low temperature and high relative humidity. These peaks experienced non‐elastic expansion overnight, of up to 30 mm and up to an average of 1.5 mm/night during the 39 day measurement period. Continuous crusts however showed little nocturnal change in moisture or elevation. The dynamic nature of salt crusts and the complex feedback patterns identified emphasize how processes both above and below the surface may govern the response of playa surfaces to microclimate diurnal cycles. © 2015 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Near-to-Eye Display—An Accessory for Handheld Multimedia Devices: Subjective Studies

Fifty-eight people used a mobile phone/near-to-eye display combination with three different applications: movie viewing, game playing, and reading. After a 40-min immersion period participants completed several questionnaires related to the usage experience, comfort, workload, and individual features. We found many differences in user experiences between tasks as well as a number of associations between individual factors and experiences reported. Participants' opinions on the near-to-eye display/mobile phone combination were generally positive, and several benefits were reported: namely, a more engrossing experience and longer use time in the future. We also compared experiences from mobile phone/near-to-eye display setups to mobile phone and TV usage.
Multiplicação de plântulas de cana-de-açúcar e efeito da inoculação de bactérias diazotróficas durante a fase de enraizamento in vitro

A cana-de-acucar e uma cultura de importância nacional e grande interesse economico para a agricultura. A propagacao in vitro permite a obtencao de plantas em grande escala, com qualidade sanitaria superior e uniformidade, em menor espaco de tempo. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a taxa de multiplicacao in vitro de variedades de cana-de-acucar ao longo de cinco subcultivos, a diferenca entre meio de cultura semissolido e liquido na fase de multiplicacao e tambem o efeito da inoculacao de bacterias diazotroficas durante a fase de enraizamento. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratorio de Cultura de Tecidos da Embrapa Clima Temperado e foram utilizadas as seguintes variedades de cana-de-acucar: RB867515, RB92579, RB966928, RB975932. Como explante inicial foram utilizados meristemas e para a multiplicacao das brotacoes utilizou-se meio MS 3% acrescido de 7,5 g L-1 de agar. Paralelamente, foi realizado experimento em Biorreator de Imersao Temporaria (BIT), onde foram inoculados explantes oriundos da cultura de meristemas, apos o sexto subcultivo. O enraizamento tambem foi realizado em BIT onde cada frasco recebeu 1L de meio de cultura e 2ml de inoculante contendo 5 especies de bacterias diazotroficas. Foram avaliados numero de brotacoes e comprimento das plântulas, porcentagem de mudas enraizadas e o desenvolvimento de parte aerea. Os resultados foram submetidos a analise de variância e compararam-se os efeitos das variedades pelo teste de Tukey (p≤0,05) e dos meios de cultura e da inoculacao pelo teste t (p≤0,05). Em relacao a taxa de multiplicacao, os melhores resultados foram apresentados pela RB975932, com excecao do 4o subcultivo, em que a RB867515 superou as demais. Ao comparar os tipos de meio de cultura, a variedade RB975932 destacou-se em numero de brotacoes em meio liquido e nao diferenciou da RB966928 em meio semissolido. Quanto ao comprimento, as variedades RB92579 e RB966928 apresentaram os maiores valores em meio semissolido. No que se refere ao enraizamento, nos tratamentos com inoculacao apenas a variedade RB966928 apresentou plântulas enraizadas e sem inoculacao todas as variedades emitiram raizes. Portanto, todas as variedades apresentam excelente desenvolvimento in vitro , sendo o biorreator de imersao temporaria um meio eficiente na fase de multiplicacao e enraizamento de plântulas de cana-de-acucar, no entanto, a inoculacao de bacterias diazotroficas e ineficiente quando utilizada nesta fase.
Making House Calls Increases Living Donor Inquiries and Evaluations for Blacks on the Kidney Transplant Waiting List

Background Blacks receive live donor kidney transplant (LDKT) less often than patients of all other races. We evaluated the effectiveness of educational interventions in removing barriers to LDKT for blacks. Methods Patients were randomized to three interventions in which health educator(s) delivered an intervention to (a) the patient and his/her guests in the patient’s home (house calls [HC], n=54), (b) clusters of patients and their guests in the transplant center (group based [GB], n=49), and (c) the individual patient alone in the transplant center (individual counseling [IC], n=49). Results At the 2-year endpoint, 15% (n=8), 8% (n=4), and 6% (n=3) of HC, GB, and IC patients, respectively, received LDKT (P=0.30). Patients in the HC group were more likely than patients in the GB and IC groups to have at least one donor inquiry (82% vs. 61% vs. 47%, P=0.001) and evaluation (65% vs. 39% vs. 27%, P<0.001). Patients in the HC group also were more likely to have higher knowledge, fewer concerns, and higher willingness to talk to others about donation 6 weeks after intervention. Conclusions These findings underscore the importance of including the patient’s social network in LDKT education and the potential of the HC intervention to reduce racial disparity in LDKT rates.
FDI and Total Factor Productivity Growth: New Macro Evidence

Although the role of FDI in facilitating technology transfer is well-known in the literature, empirical evidence regarding the effect of FDI on growth is mixed. The contradictory results in the literature may be due to the failure to account for endogeneity and for the abortive capacity of the hosting countries. Using panel data for 49 countries over the period 1974-2008 and the existence of Investment Promotion Agencies in the receiving countries as an instrument, our results show that increased FDI stock leads to higher productivity growth. We also find a significant positive effect on the interaction between FDI stock and distance to the technological frontier, suggesting that the ability of technologically backward countries in absorbing technologies developed at the frontiers increases as more FDI stock is accumulated.
Epicardial treatment of atrial fibrillation using cryoablation in an acute off-pump sheep model.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and effectiveness of cryoablation therapy (SurgiFrost trade mark CryoCath, Endocare Inc., Irvine, California, USA) for linear epicardial treatment of atrial fibrillation in an acute off-pump sheep model. METHODS After thoracotomy, we performed epicardial cryoablation (2 min intervals at -160 degrees C) with pacing electrodes positioned at the left atrial appendage (LAA), the pulmonary veins (PVs), the right atrial appendage (RAA), and the vena cava cranialis (VCC) in 8 sheep. Circular epicardial ablations were performed with online temperature measurement in the ascending aorta and in the esophagus. The sheep were sacrificed two hours after ablation procedure, and heart, lungs, and esophagus were retrieved for histological examination. Out of all 8 sheep, histo-pathological analysis was performed on the RAA and VCC in 6 sheep and on the CAA and PV in all 8 sheep. RESULTS Thin-walled structures such as PVs and VCC showed electrical isolation. No significant changes in temperature in the descending aorta and the esophagus were observed. There was evidence of extensive transmural alteration including vascular lesions, myocardial degeneration and necrosis as well as epi- and endocardial necrosis in the left atria in three of 8 cases, in the right atria in 5 of 6 cases, in the VCC in 6 of 6 cases, and in the PV in 5 of 8 cases. Mild lesions of the muscular layer of the esophagus were found in 7 of 8 cases. CONCLUSIONS Epicardial cryoablation is not effective on thicker tissues like LAA and RAA due to the rewarming of the current blood flow. However, thin tissues like VCC and PV can be isolated. Further chronic studies are necessary to evaluate the potential for regeneration of adjacent structures.
Metabolic depression in animals: physiological perspectives and biochemical generalizations

Depression of metabolic rate has been recorded for virtually all major animal phyla in response to environmental stress. The extent of depression is usually measured as the ratio of the depressed metabolic rate to the normal resting metabolic rate. Metabolic rate is sometimes only depressed to approx. 80% of the resting value (i.e. a depression of approx. 20% of resting); it is more commonly 5‐40 % of resting (i.e. a depression of approx. 60‐95% of resting); extreme depression is to 1% or less of resting, or even to an unmeasurably low metabolic rate (i.e. a depression of approx. 99‐100% of resting). We have examined the resting and depressed metabolic rate of animals as a function of their body mass, corrected to a common temperature. This allometric approach allows ready comparison of the absolute level of both resting and depressed metabolic rate for various animals, and suggests three general patterns of metabolic depression.
Molecular Characterization of Multiresistant d-Tartrate-Positive Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B Isolates

ABSTRACT Since 1996, the National Salmonella Reference Laboratory of Germany has received an increasing number of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B isolates. Nearly all of these belonged to the dextrorotatory tartrate-positive variant (S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT+), formerly called S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Java. A total of 55 selected contemporary and older S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT+ isolates were analyzed by plasmid profiling, antimicrobial resistance testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, IS200 profiling, and PCR-based detection of integrons. The results showed a high genetic heterogeneity among 10 old strains obtained from 1960 to 1993. In the following years, however, new distinct multiresistant S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT+ clones emerged, and one clonal lineage successfully displaced the older ones. Since 1994, 88% of the isolates investigated were multiple drug resistant. Today, a particular clone predominates in some German poultry production lines, poultry products, and various other sources. It was also detected in contemporary isolates from two neighboring countries as well.
A small-molecule inhibitor of integrin α2β1 introduces a new strategy for antithrombotic therapy

Summary Interaction of blood platelets with vascular collagen is an initiating event in haemostasis and thrombus formation. Based on molecular modelling of human integrin α2I domain and cell-based screening assays we have developed sulfonamide derivatives, a mechanistically novel class of molecules. These molecules show antiplatelet efficacy by selectively inhibiting α2β1 integrin-mediated collagen binding. One sulfonamide derivative, named BTT-3016, showed inhibitory capacity in several assessments of human platelet interaction with collagen. It inhibited about 90% of the aggregation of gel-filtered magnesium-supplemented platelets and 70% of aggregation in PPACK-anticoagulated platelet-rich plasma when stimulated with collagen but not with ADP. The antiplatelet activity of BTT-3016 was dependent on α2β1 integrin, since in collagen binding test BTT-3016 had no effect on the platelets derived from α2 integrin null mice. When tested in an in vivo model in mice, BTT-3016 clearly reduced thrombus formation on the vessel wall after vascular injury. Furthermore, BTT-3016 prolonged tail-bleeding time in a manner comparable to aspirin. We show that new α2β1 inhibitors exert collagen-specific antiplatelet activity and regulate thrombus growth in vivo without compromising primary haemostasis more than aspirin. We suggest that the α2β1 inhibiting strategy could be further developed for the prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis.
Cellular distribution and bioactivity of the key steroidogenic enzyme, cytochrome P450side chain cleavage, in sensory neural pathways

Neurosteroids are steroids produced within the nervous system. Based on behavioural responses evoked in animals by synthetic steroid injections, several studies suggested neurosteroid involvement in important neurophysiological processes. These observations should be correlated only to neuroactive effects of the injected steroids. Neurosteroids mostly control the CNS activity through allosteric modulation of neurotransmitter receptors within concentration ranges used by neurotransmitters themselves. Therefore, neurosteroid production within pathways controlling a neurophysiological process is necessary to consider neurosteroid involvement in that process. Because of the increasing speculation about pain modulation by neurosteroids based on pharmacological observations, we decided to clarify the situation by investigating neurosteroidogenesis occurrence in sensory pathways, particularly in nociceptive structures. We studied the presence and activity of cytochrome P450side chain cleavage (P450scc) in rat pain pathways. P450scc‐immunoreactive cells were localized in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal cord (SC) dorsal horn, nociceptive supraspinal nuclei (SSN) and somatosensory cortex. Incubation of DRG, SSN or SC tissue homogenates with [3H]cholesterol yielded the formation of radioactive metabolites including [3H]pregnenolone of which the synthesis was reduced in presence of aminogluthetimide, a P450scc inhibitor. These first neuroanatomical and neurochemical results demonstrate the occurrence of neurosteroidogenesis in nociceptive pathways and strongly suggest that neurosteroids may control pain mechanisms.
Population Dynamics among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Germany during a 6-Year Period

ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) originated from the health care setting but is now emerging in communities without health care contact (CA-MRSA) or in livestock (LA-MRSA). The impact on the whole MRSA population was assessed in a German prospective multicenter study. Thirty-three laboratories consecutively collected up to 50 MRSA isolates from infection or carriage during two sampling periods in 2004 to 2005 and 2010 to 2011. Patient-related data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Methicillin resistance was confirmed by the detection of mecA or its homologue mecA LGA251. The spa type and major virulence factors were analyzed for each isolate. In total, 1,604 (2004 to 2005) and 1,603 (2010 to 2011) MRSA isolates were analyzed; one isolate from each sampling period harbored mecA LGA251. LA-MRSA increased significantly (odds ratio [OR] = 22.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.51 to 85.49, P < 0.0005) and spread over Germany, originating from northwestern regions. Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive CA-MRSA rose significantly, particularly in southern Germany, but the proportion in 2010 to 2011 remained low (2.7%, OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.54 to 5.34, P < 0.0005). The emerging MRSA clones changed the MRSA population in Germany during a 6-year period significantly. The ongoing epidemiological shift and changes of MRSA sources create a need for revision of guidelines for MRSA infection control and treatment.
Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Adult Adjustment to Sickle Cell Disease: One-Year Outcomes

Objective The present study prospectively investigated the role of self-efficacy in predicting disease symptomatology and health services utilization for adult patients with sickle cell disease. Methods These data are derived from a 12-month prospective cohort study of African American adults with sickle cell disease. Disease-specific perceptions of coping self-efficacy and indices of disease severity, health care utilization, and psychosocial adjustment were assessed by use of standardized questionnaires administered by trained clinicians. Results Perceptions of self-efficacy for coping with sickle cell disease were moderately stable across the 12-month study period. At baseline (N = 147), significant inverse relationships, measured with Pearson correlations, were noted between self-efficacy and the following variables: physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, pain severity, and number of physician visits over the preceding 12 months (p < .01). Similar relationships with self-efficacy were noted at the 1-year follow-up (N = 104) period for measures of physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, and pain severity (p < .01). In multiple-regression models, baseline self-efficacy scores predicted changes over the 1-year study period in physical and psychological sickle cell disease symptomatology. Moreover, changes in self-efficacy from baseline to 1-year follow-up were significantly and independently related to changes in physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, and pain ratings from baseline to 1-year follow-up. Conclusions Self-efficacy beliefs among African American adults with sickle cell disease are inversely related to reported disease symptomatology, and these relationships persist across time. Future investigations should examine the mechanisms through which relationships between self-efficacy and adjustment to sickle cell disease are effected, as well as the feasibility and effectiveness of enhancing self-efficacy beliefs as a means of improving adjustment to sickle cell disease.
Systemic or intra‐amygdala injections of glucose facilitate memory consolidation for extinction of drug‐induced conditioned reward

The conditioned place preference (CPP) task has been used extensively to investigate the neurobiological bases of drug‐induced reward. The initial expression of a CPP involves memory for an association between environmental stimuli and the affective state produced by a rewarding treatment. The present experiments examined the hypothesis that post‐trial administration of glucose can facilitate memory consolidation processes underlying the extinction of drug‐induced CPP behaviour. Adult male Long‐Evans rats acquired an amphetamine CPP, and subsequently received extinction training. Immediately following extinction training, separate groups of rats received peripheral (100 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, or 2 g/kg) or intra‐amygdala (basolateral nucleus; 1.5 µg/0.5 µL or 10 µg/0.5 µL) injections of glucose or vehicle. Peripheral (100 mg/kg and 2 g/kg) and intra‐amygdala (1.5 and 10 µg) glucose injections facilitated the extinction of amphetamine CPP behaviour relative to vehicle‐injected controls. Postextinction trial peripheral or intra amygdala glucose injections that were delayed 2 h had no effect. The findings indicate that: (i) extinction of approach behaviour to drug‐associated cues involves the formation of new memories that undergo a time‐dependent consolidation process; and (ii), systemic or intra‐amygdala administration of a known memory‐enhancing agent facilitates extinction of drug‐induced CPP behaviour.
Effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban therapy in daily-care patients with atrial fibrillation

Summary The effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (SPAF) demonstrated in ROCKET AF needs to be confirmed in daily care. To evaluate effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban therapy in SPAF patients in daily care, we used data from an ongoing, prospective, non-interventional registry of more than 2700 patients on novel oral anticoagulants in daily care. Between October 1, 2011 and February 28, 2013, a total of 1204 SPAF patients receiving rivaroxaban were enrolled. During a mean follow-up of 796.2 ± 207.3 days, the combined endpoint of stroke/transient ischaemic attack/systemic embolism occurred at a rate of 2.03/100 patient-years in the intention-totreat analysis (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.5–2.7) and at 1.7/100 patient-years in the on-treatment analysis (events within 3 days after last intake). On-treatment rates were higher in patients selected for 15 mg rivaroxaban (n=384) once daily [OD] compared with the 820 patients selected for 20 mg OD (2.7 [95 % CI 1.6–4.2] vs 1.25/100 patient-years [95 % CI 0.8–1.9]). On treatment, major bleeding occurred at a rate of 3.0/100 patient-years and significantly more often in patients receiving the 15 mg OD dose compared with the 20 mg OD dose (4.5 vs 2.4/100 patient-years). Rivaroxaban treatment discontinuation occurred in a total of 277 patients during follow-up (12.0/100 patientyears in Kaplan-Meier analysis). Our data contribute to the confirmation of effectiveness and relative safety of rivaroxaban in daily-care patients. Furthermore, rivaroxaban discontinuation rates were considerably lower than those reported for vitamin K antagonists. Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.