Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reactions to Transgender Women and Men in Public Restrooms: Correlates and Gender Differences

ABSTRACT This study examined reactions to transgender people in public restrooms. Participants (n = 158) completed measures of essentialism and trait aggression and read scenarios where they imagined sharing a restroom with a transwoman or a transman. Participants indicated which restroom targets should use and rated potential negative reactions. Results indicate that targets were assigned to restrooms corresponding to birth sex rather than chosen identity. Women’s reactions to transgender women were more negative than men’s; men were more negative in reactions toward transmen. Essentialism predicted some (but not all) reactions for all participants. Among women, trait aggression predicted negative reactions, but only to transmen. Among men, aggression predicted negative reactions, but only toward transwomen. This suggests that despite views that transgender people belong in birth-sex restrooms, men and women’s trait aggression predicts negative reactions toward them in such instances.
Mothers' sense of security in the first postnatal week: interview study.

AIM This paper is a report of a study of factors which influence mothers' sense of security during the first postnatal week. BACKGROUND Mothers' sense of security the first postnatal week is not thoroughly elucidated in the literature. METHODS An interview study with a qualitative descriptive design was carried out, using thematic content analysis. Fourteen mothers from three hospital uptake areas in Southern Sweden were interviewed using focus group discussions and individual interviews between May 2008 and March 2009. FINDINGS Postnatal sense of security was dependent on support from staff, support from family and the capacity and health of the woman and the baby, and these themes had categories and sub-categories, including: Being met as an individual, being given relevant information, being prepared for the time after birth and having someone to turn to--knowing who to ask, having partner and/or significant others close at hand, mother's and the baby's own resources, being assured that her own physical health was good, and having planned follow-up regarding the baby's health after discharge. CONCLUSION Staff attitudes should be continually discussed at all units providing maternity care. These discussions should include attitudes towards the father and the significance of his presence for the wellbeing of the family. Continued postbasic staff education in, for example, counselling and communication is necessary if services are to be improved so that parents' individual needs can be met. Preparation for the early postpartum period is important and all information given must be consistent, in particular information about breastfeeding.
Randomized Phase II Study of Maintenance Irinotecan Therapy Versus Observation Following Induction Chemotherapy with Irinotecan and Cisplatin in Extensive Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer

Introduction: To determine whether irinotecan maintenance therapy in extensive disease-small cell lung cancer can improve survival of patients who responded to irinotecan plus cisplatin (IP) induction therapy. Methods: A total of 120 chemo-naive patients with adequate organ functions and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2 were enrolled from March 2003 through April 2006. After IP induction therapy, with either schedule A (I: 60 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1, 8, and 15; P: 30 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 8, every 4 weeks for six cycles) or schedule B (I: 60 mg/m2 and P: 30 mg/m2 IV on days 1, and 8, every 3 weeks for eight cycles), responding patients were randomized to either maintenance with irinotecan 100 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 8, and 15, every 4 weeks up to six cycles, or observation. Results: Overall, 100 (83%) of 120 patients achieved objective tumor responses (12 complete responses, 88 partial responses) after IP induction therapy. Of those patients who remained in remission upon completion of planned cycles of induction therapy, 45 were randomized to maintenance (n = 21) or observation (n = 24). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for all patients were 7.2 and 14.0 months, respectively. For the maintenance arm, median PFS and OS were 12.0 and 17.6 months, respectively. For the observation arm, median PFS and OS were 9.9 and 20.5 months, respectively, which was not significantly different from the maintenance arm. Conclusions: IP chemotherapy is very useful for the treatment of small cell lung cancer. However, maintenance irinotecan therapy did not seem to further affect the clinical outcome of patients who had responded to IP induction therapy.
Redistribution of Metabolic Fluxes in the Central Aerobic Metabolic Pathway of E. coli Mutant Strains with Deletion of the ackA‐pta and poxB Pathways for the Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate

Although the bacterium E. coli is chosen as the host in many bioprocesses, products derived from the central aerobic metabolic pathway often compete with the acetate‐producing pathways poxB and ackA‐pta for glucose as the substrate. As such, a significant portion of the glucose may be excreted as acetate, wasting substrate that could have otherwise been used for the desired product. The production of the ester isoamyl acetate from acetyl‐CoA by ATF2, a yeast alcohol acetyl transferase, was used as a model system to demonstrate the beneficial effects of reducing acetate production. All strains tested for ester production also overexpressed panK, a native E. coli gene that previous studies have shown to increase free intracellular CoA levels when fed with pantothenic acid. A recombinant E. coli strain with a deletion in ackA‐pta produces less acetate and more isoamyl acetate than the wild‐type E. coli strain. When both acetate‐producing pathways were deleted, the acetate production was greatly reduced. However, pyruvate began to accumulate, so that the overall ester production remained largely unchanged. To produce more ester, a previously established strategy of increasing the flux from pyruvate to acetyl‐CoA was adopted by overexpressing pyruvate dehydrogenase. The ester production was then 80% higher in the poxB, ackA‐pta strain (0.18 mM) than that found in the single ackA‐pta mutant (0.10 mM), which also overexpressed PDH.
Structural changes and successional relationships of five Florida Lake Wales Ridge plant communities

GIVENS, K. T. , J. N. LAYNE, W. G. ABRAHAMSON AND S. C. WHITE-SCHULER (Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837 and Archbold Biological Station, Route 2, Box 180, Lake Placid, FL 33852). Structural changes and successional relationships of five Florida Lake Wales Ridge plant communities. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 111: 8-18. 1984. -Vegetation of five southern Lake Wales Ridge associations was sampled at Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Florida, in permanent nested quadrats in each of the associations in 1969 and 1979. These associations have been free of fire for over 50 years. Quadrats were sampled for species composition, density, and growth parameters of herbs, shrubs, and trees, and also for percent litter coverage and depth. Several trends were apparent in all the associations examined: (1) substantial thinning of herb and shrub layers with disappearance of several shade-intolerant species; (2) an increase in tree canopy coverage despite extensive shrub thinning, as few trees died in the 10-year study period; (3) an increase in shrub and tree species richness and diversity; (4) increase in litter coverage and depth; and (5) a slow rate of succession, not appreciably different among the five communities. Pairwise comparisons of the 1969 and 1979 Horn's Indices from different communities did not reveal support for the successional relationships proposed in the literature.
Case 93: thoracic splenosis.

Amy H. Huang, MD Kitt Shaffer, MD, PhD History A 58-year-old man with a history of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who underwent chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone 2 years previously was evaluated for restaging. Medical history included basal cell carcinoma of the nose 20 years previously. Laboratory results were normal. Contrast material–enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed in the chest and abdomen after intravenous administration of 100 mL of 300 mg/mL iohexol (Omnipaque; Amersham Health, Amersham, United Kingdom).
Oral health status of 12-year-old school children in Yemen. A cross- sectional survey.

AIM This study aims to describe the oral hygiene practices and the oral health status of 12-year-old school children of Aden, Yemen. STUDY DESIGN Multistage stratified cross-sectional survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross- sectional survey of randomly selected schools in the city was performed. Four hundred 12-year-old students were recruited in the study from both private (N. 200) and government schools (N. 200). In total 219 boys (54.8%) and 181 girls (45.2%) participated in this study. Scoring of decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) and the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) scores were computed according to the WHO recommendations. RESULTS Mean DMFT was 2.22±1.56 and DMFT >0 was seen in 90.2% of the study subjects. The D component of the caries index was dominant and it was clinically evident in 84.7% of the students. Children having high cariogenic food consumption had significantly (P<0.001) higher mean DMFT, DT, MT and FT. Children who used only toothbrush were found to have significantly (P<0.001) lower caries experience as compared to those who used only miswak or those who used both. About 63% of the students has CPI=2 and less than 20% had CPI=0. Children who brushed regularly were found to have better CPI scores. Multivariate analysis showed that diet (ORa = 1.56; 95% CI= 1.82-2.44) was significantly associated with dental caries. STATISTICS data were analysed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). CONCLUSION The overall oral health of the 12-year-old school children is poor. More emphasis has to be given school based and community based oral health promotion and preventive programmes.
Rate of bactericidal activity for Streptococcus faecalis of a new quinolone, CI-934, compared with that of amoxicillin

The rate of bactericidal activity of a new quinolone, CI-934, was compared with that of amoxicillin for 20 strains of Streptococcus faecalis. At 10 and 100 micrograms/ml, the bactericidal activity of CI-934 was more rapid at 6 h than that of amoxicillin. A paradoxical effect (a killing rate higher at 1 microgram/ml than at 100 micrograms/ml at 6 h) was observed for 19 of the 20 strains with amoxicillin and for 1 of the 20 strains with CI-934. It remains to be demonstrated whether in vivo studies will confirm the results obtained in vitro.
Effects of Interrupted and Uninterrupted Occlusion of the Basilar Artery on Cerebral Blood Flow, and on Neurological and Histological Outcome in Rats with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Most neurosurgeons consider temporary vessel occlusion for aneurysmal clipping an effective technique that facilitates dissection between the aneurysm and the parent vessel. It is generally believed that repeated short periods of cerebral ischemia are safer for the brain than a single long episode. The aim of this study was to identify whether interrupted and uninterrupted vessel occlusion differs with regard to changes in brain tissue and cerebral hemodynamics after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Fifty Spraque Dawley rats (300–350 g) were placed under general anaesthesia and ventilated. The basilar artery was exposed through a transclival approach. Baseline local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) values was measured, and then the basilar artery was punctured, causing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Group I (n = 24) was subjected to 60 min of interrupted basilar artery occlusion, defined as 5 min of reperfusion after every 10 min of occlusion, group II (n = 26) 60 min of uninterrupted artery occlusion. Three days after completion of the experiment, each rat was neurologically evaluated and decapitated. Coronal brain slices were obtained and stained to assess infarct volume. Immediately after SAH, LCBF fell by 58% in group I, and by 52% in group II. In group I, each ischemic insult brought a similar reduction in LCBF, and after each release of the occlusion there was a rapid rise in flow. In group II, the LCBF values dropped initially and remained at low levels until the end of the study. The 2, 3, 5 triphenyltetrazolium chloride stained sections showed similar volumes of brainstem infarction in both groups (38.3 ± 9.2 mm 3 vs. 34.3 ± 8.7 mm 3, respectively; p > 0.05). The results suggest that there is no neuroprotective advantage to either interrupted or uninterrupted temporary blockage of blood flow during neurovascular procedures after SAH in the basilar artery region.
The associations between coping self-efficacy and posttraumatic stress symptoms 10 years postdisaster: differences between men and women.

The mediating role of coping self-efficacy (CSE) perceptions between disaster-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (PSS) in the intermediate term (4 years postevent) and PSS in the long term (10 years postevent) were examined. Participants were 514 adult Dutch native residents affected by the Enschede fireworks disaster. The disaster (May, 2000) was caused by a massive explosion in a fireworks storage facility that destroyed a residential area. Multiple regression analysis and path analysis were used to examine the mediating role of CSE and whether the mediating role was the same for men and women. Age, education, disaster exposure, home destruction, optimism, and stressful life events were also taken into account. Regression analysis showed that the former variables were not associated with PSS at 10 years postevent, in contrast to PSS at 4 years, and were therefore omitted from the path analyses. CSE assessed at 10 years postdisaster partially mediated the relationship between PSS at 4 and PSS at 10 years postdisaster. Post hoc multigroup analysis showed that this effect was significantly stronger for men, whereas the association between PSS at 4 and 10 years postevent was stronger for women. PSS at 10 years postevent were better predicted among men (explained variance 59.5% vs 50.8%).
The flux and spectrum of cosmic-ray produced neutrons as a function of altitude.

A series of measurements of neutron flux as a function of altitude has been made with the following neutron detectors: bismuth fission ionization chamber, protonrecoil proportional counter, and moderated and bare BF/sub 3/ proportional counters. In addition, data were also taken with a Simpson pile. Altitudes ranged from sealevel to 40,000 ft and latitudes from 28 deg to 49 deg N. Appropriate treatment of the data can be made to yield information about the neutron spectrum and the average neutron energy, and consequently about the dose rate. ( auth)
Some implications for quantitative risk assessment if hormesis exists

The existence of hormesis should impact quantitative risk assessment in at least seven fundamental ways. (1) The dose-reponse models for bioassay and epidemiological data should have greater flexibility to fit the observed shape of the dose-response data and no longer be forced to always be linearly increasing at low doses. (2) Experimental designs should be altered to provide greater opportunity to identify the hormetic component of a dose-response relationship. (3) Rather than a lifetime average daily dose or its analog for shorter time periods, dose scales or metrics should be used that reflect the age or time dependence of the dose level. (4) Low-dose risk characterization should include the likelihood of bene-ficial effects and the likelihood that a dose level has reasonable certainty of no appreciable adverse health effects. (5) Exposure assessments should make greater efforts to characterize the distribution of actual doses from exposure rather than just upper bounds. (6) Uncertainty characterizations should be expanded to include both upper and lower bounds, and there should be an increased explicit use of expert judgement and weight-of-evidence based distributional analyses reflecting more of the available relevant dose-response information and alternative risk characterizations. (7) Risk should be characterized in terms of the net effect of a dose on health rather than a dose's effect on a single factor affecting health - for example, risk would be better expressed in terms of mortality from all causes combined rather than a specific type of fatal disease.
Noise performance of a low base resistance 200 GHz SiGe technology

Emerging applications beyond 10 GHz will demand silicon technologies capable of achieving good noise performance out to high frequencies. In this work, we characterize for the first time noise in a 200 GHz SiGe technology out to 26 GHz, demonstrating the benefits of high f/sub T/ and low R/sub B/. We report 10, 20 and 26 GHz F/sub min/ in values of 0.4, 1.33 and 1.5 dB, respectively, with associated gains of 15, 11 and 9 dB. Further, we present the results of an experimental variant of the process with 31% lower RB and which further reduces F/sub min/ by up to 0.4 dB. Our results reveal the potential of 200 GHz SiGe for low noise operation out to high frequencies.
Body mass index of children with severe early childhood caries.

PURPOSE The purpose of this retrospective case study was to describe the body mass index (BMI) of children with severe early childhood caries (5-ECC) receiving dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. METHODS Demographics, BMI percentile, decoyed, missing, or filled teeth (dmft), and the number of pulp-involved teeth were analyzed for 293 healthy 2- to 5-year-olds (mean = 47.2 months). Weight groups were assigned using current Centers for Disease Control (CDC) BMI-for-age and gender definitions. Descriptive statistics were calculated and multivariate analysis used to evaluate BMI's association with oral health measures. BMI distribution of the subjects was compared graphically and with the use of confidence intervals to a reference population with similar demographics. RESULTS The distribution of subjects' BMI percentiles was: underweight=11l%; normal weight=67%; at risk for overweight=9%; and overweight=11%. The mean dmft was 11.8; BMI percentile did not correlate with dmft or the number of pulp-involved teeth. Significantly, more children in the sample were underweight than in the reference population (11% vs. 5%). CONCLUSION In this sample of S-ECC children, the BMI percentile was not correlated with dmft or the number of pulp-involved teeth, even After adjusting for confounding factors. Thirty-two percent had unhealthy weights, as currently defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Specific Microbial Colonizations in the Periodontal Sites of HIV‐infected Subjects

The purpose of this study was to examine colonization by specific organisms at periodontal sites in HIV‐seropositive [HIV(+)] subjects. A total of 67 HIV(+) and 32 HIV(‐) subjects were investigated. The specific pathogens included black‐pigmented anaerobic rods (BPAR), Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Candida albicans and mycoplasma species. P. gingivalis was present in the HIV(+) subjects more frequently than in the HIV(‐) periodontitis patients (P < 0.01). The cell numbers of BPAR and P. gingivalis and percentages as the total of CFUs on blood agar cultured in an anaerobic chamber were statistically higher in periodontal pocket samples from HIV(+) than from HIV(‐). A. actinomycetemcomitans was also detected at a high rate (41.8%) in HIV(+) patients. The average cell numbers of C. albicans were higher in samples from the HIV(+) group (P < 0.05). The detection rate of mycoplasma species in the HIV(+) patients was significantly lower than that in HIV(‐) subjects (P < 0.05), and most isolated mycoplasma strains were Mycoplasma salivarium.
Coeliac disease – a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

Abstract During the past 20 years the diagnosis of coeliac disease has improved significantly. However, at the same time the true prevalence of the condition has doubled, involving more than 2% of the population in some countries. Due to mild or atypical symptoms, the diagnosis remains a challenge for the health care system. Highly sensitive and specific serum endomysial and transglutaminase-2 antibody tests are helpful in identifying patients for diagnostic endoscopy and small-bowel biopsy. The diagnosis of the disease is still based on the demonstration of gluten-induced small-bowel mucosal villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia. However, coeliac disease may manifest itself before the development of the overt small-intestinal lesion. Positive endomysial and transglutaminase antibodies in patients with normal small-bowel mucosal villous architecture may indicate early stage coeliac disease. Currently, the only effective treatment for the condition is a life-long strict gluten-free diet. Long-term regular follow-up of patients is recommended in order to maintain good adherence to the diet. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1205–16.
Statistical strategies for efficient signal detection and parameter estimation in wireless sensor networks

This dissertation investigates data reduction strategies from a signal processing perspective in centralized detection and estimation applications. First, it considers a deterministic source observed by a network of sensors and develops an analytical strategy for ranking sensor transmissions based on the magnitude of their test statistics. The benefit of the proposed strategy is that the decision to transmit or not to transmit observations to the fusion center can be made at the sensor level resulting in significant savings in transmission costs. A sensor network based on target tracking application is simulated to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed strategy over the unconstrained energy approach. Second, it considers the detection of random signals in noisy measurements and evaluates the performance of eigenvalue-based signal detectors. Due to their computational simplicity, robustness and performance, these detectors have recently received a lot of attention. When the observed random signal is correlated, several researchers claim that the performance of eigenvalue-based detectors exceeds that of the classical energy detector. However, such claims fail to consider the fact that when the signal is correlated, the optimal detector is the estimator-correlator and not the energy detector. In this dissertation, through theoretical analyses and Monte Carlo simulations, eigenvalue-based detectors are shown to be suboptimal when compared to the energy detector and the estimator-correlator.
Possible involvement of leptin and leptin receptor in developing gastric adenocarcinoma.

AIM To investigate the expression of leptin and leptin receptor (ob-R) in intestinal-type gastric cancer and precancerous lesions, and to explore the possible mechanism and role of the leptin system in developing intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of leptin and leptin receptor in archival samples of gastric adenocarcinoma and preneoplastic lesions, including intestinal metaplasia and mild to severe gastric epithelial dysplasia. Positive staining was identified and percentage of positive staining was graded. RESULTS Dual expression of leptin and leptin receptor were detected in 80% (16/20) intestinal metaplasia, 86.3% (25/30) mild gastric epithelial dysplasia, 86.7% (26/30) moderate gastric epithelial dysplasia, 93.3% (28/30) severe gastric epithelial dysplasia, 91.3% (55/60) intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma and 30.0% (9/30) diffuse-type gastric carcinoma. The percentage of dual expression of leptin and leptin receptor in intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma (c2 = 37.022, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Our results indicate the presence of an autocrine loop of leptin system in the development of intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma.