Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of six Sudanese camel breeds

The objective of this study was to sequence the growth hormone (GH) gene in Sudanese camel breeds (Kenani, Lahwee, Rashaidi, Anafi, Bishari and Kabbashi) searching for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and contribute to the phenotypic characterization of the multitude of camel ecotypes in Sudan. This will also afford the chance of investigating the possibility of the presence of correlations between body measurements and SNPs of GH gene. A length of 1732 bp, spanning the region between -44 bp upstream of the first exon and +37 bp downstream of the last exon was sequenced in two animals from each breed. The sequence comparison of Sudanese camel GH sequences with the GenBank sequence identified one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The SNP was detected in the non coding region (intron 1) in position AJ575419:g.419C>T. A PCR-RFLP method was used to genotype 181 animals representing the six tested Sudanese breeds for detected SNP. The Bishari and Anafi breeds that are classified as riding camels had slightly higher T allele frequencies (0.57 and 0.48, respectively) than those of the other four breeds which are classified as pack camels. The effect of genotype with regard to the SNP g.419C>T on those traits was not significant.
Summer Upwelling in the Northern Continental Shelf of the South China Sea

Summer upwelling system in the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea (NCSCS) is investigated with the Pathfinder, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Sea Surface Temperature (SST), and a three-dimensional, baroclinic, non-linear, numerical model forced by QuikSCAT winds. The AVHRR observation and modelling results have shown the upwelling is a regular phenomenon during summer in the NCSCS. Continental shelf upwelling characteristics are clearly found in the surface and subsurface water, such as low temperature, high salinity and high potential density. They respectively locate in the east of the Hainan Island, the east of the Leizhou Peninsula and the southeast of the Zhanjiang Bay (Qiongdong Upwelling), and the inshore areas from the Shantou Coast to the Nanri Islands of Fujian Coast (Yuedong Upwelling). The centra of the upwelling are mostly located in 111°10′E、19°45′N between the Qinglan Bay and the Qizhou Archipelagoes of eastern Hainan Island, 110°15′E、18°25′N near the Lingshui Bay, 116°45′E、22°50′N of the Shantou Coast and 118°E、23°40′N near the Taiwan Shoal. It is also found that the upwelling areas and centra from modelling results are in agreement with the AVHRR SST.
Thermophoretic particle deposition on unsteady hydromagnetic radiative heat and mass transfer flow along an infinite inclined permeable surface with viscous dissipation and Joule heating

In this paper the effects of viscous dissipation and joule heating on an unsteady hydromagnetic free convective heat and mass transfer flow along a radiate inclined surface with fluid suction or injection in the presence of thermophoresis is considered. The resulting governing highly nonlinear and coupled partial differential equations are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved numerically by applying sixth-order Runge-Kutta integration scheme along with Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique. The similarity solutions are found to be dependent on several governing parameters such as: magnetic field parameter, Eckert number, radiation parameter, Schmidt number, thermophoretic parameter, angle of inclination, and suction (or injection) parameter. Representative results are presented graphically for the dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration distributions as well as the local skin-friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number, the local Stanton number, and wall thermophoretic deposition velocity within the boundary layer. The results show that wall thermophoretic deposition velocity increases with the increase of the viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and thermophoretic parameters whereas it decreases with the increase of the radiation parameter. The results further confirm that wall suction has stronger effect on the wall thermophoretic deposition velocity than the injection.
FROM THE VANTAGEPOINT OF BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS

As a behavioural economist (an economist who brings psychological insights to bear on economic phenomena), preparing a controversy corner piece criticising experimental economics (the use of experimentation to address economic questions) is like working yourself up to enter the boxing ring against a friend. Experimental economics and behavioural economics have much in common. Both groups can trace their origins to psychology ± psychological theory in one case and experimentation in the other. Both sub®elds came of age in the last quarter of this century, and have gained growing acceptance within the discipline of economics as measured by almost any criterion: publications in mainstream journals, academic positions in top departments, prominence at meetings, etc. In the current climate it is easy to forget that only 20 years ago the simple fact that an article reported experiments or discussed psychology was regarded by many editors as grounds for summary rejection. Perhaps more importantly, many behavioural economists (BEs) use economics-style experiments, and some experimental economists (EEs) embrace psychology. Indeed, some researchers would ®nd it dif®cult to classify themselves into one group or the other, and would be embraced by both groups as one of their own. There is, therefore no inherent con ̄ict between the two approaches; indeed, there is good cause for synergistic coexistence. Nevertheless, there is often value in obtaining another ®eld's perspective on what one does. Some EEs have not been particularly reticent about providing BEs with such input (see, e.g., Smith, 1991). In this essay I attempt to return the favour in a small way. There are, in fact, many differences between the two sub®elds, the most important of which is one of basic orientation. BEs are methodological eclectics. They de®ne themselves, not on the basis of the research methods that they employ, but rather their application of psychological insights to economics. In recent published research, BEs are as likely to use ®eld research as experimentation (see, e.g., Camerer et al., 1997; Babcock et al., 1996). EEs on the other hand, de®ne themselves on the basis of their endorsement and use of experimentation as a research tool. Consistent with this orientation, EEs have made a major investment in developing novel experimental methods that are suitable for addressing economic issues, and have achieving a virtual consensus among themselves on a number of important methodological The Economic Journal, 109 (February), F25±F34. # Royal Economic Society 1999. Published by Blackwell Publishers, 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA.
I became an Engineer by accident. Engineering, Vocation and Professional Values

Contrary to many other countries, in France, engineering education remains attractive. Paradoxically, French students do not seem to be motivated by the engineering profession and many graduates seem to have become engineers “by accident”. The outcome of our research is that engineering students are “pushed” by an invisible parental and social pressure. The most successful ones end up in a very few prestigious schools, which are supposed to open the doors of the higher management positions in big private companies and public administration, the great majority in a school they have hardly heard about before the “concours”, with little motivation for applied science, hardly any vocation for engineering. This work is at the crossroad of two developing approaches within the fields of educational sciences and sociology: the choice to study successful students belonging to the upper or upper middle class which are less investigated than lower classes, and the choice to adopt a qualitative approach, while most researches about orientation are based on wide quantitative surveys. Our aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the construction of the engineers’ culture and ethos, through an analysis of the socialization process from the engineering students’ point of view.
Periodicity in the trace metal content of estuarine sediments

INTRODUCTION David R. ACKROYD a•, Geoffrey E. MILLWARD a**, Alan W. MORRIS b a lnstitute of Marine Studies, Plymouth Polytechnic, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK. b Institute for Marine Environmental Research, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devon, PLl 3DH, UK. * Present address: Welsh Water Authority, Northern District Laboratory, Priestley Road, Caernarfon, LL55 1HR, Gwynedd, UK. ** to whom correspondence should be addressed.
At the Center of the Action: Innovation and Technology Strategy Research in the Small Business Setting

In this essay, we offer perspectives on the future of small business research. These comments cover a range of issues unique to the future of small‐business‐focused research from “somewhat‐broad” to “more‐narrow,” and address: (1) the problems and promise of better theory building, (2) the range of opportunities for theory‐building research, (3) new vantage points for theory‐building using the “social responsibility” of small business as a research lens, and (4) the future direction of research in technological entrepreneurship. We conclude with a summary of this “look to the future,” and call for the innovative and provocative research that can keep contemporary small business management research at the center of the academic action.
A Baltic Sea estuary as phosphorus source and sink

Internal phosphorus (P) loading from sediments, controlled by hypoxia, is often assumed to hamper the recovery of lakes and coastal areas from eutrophic conditions. We use a box-model to calculate seasonal and annual inputs, export, retention and internal cycling of P in the inner archipelago of Stockholm, Sweden (Baltic Sea) in 1968–2015. The area receives freshwater from Lake Malaren and treated sewage from the greater Stockholm area. The sewage treatment plants (STPs) have improved their nutrient removal in steps, starting with P in 1972 and nitrogen in 1996. In the first 10–20 years after the main P load reduction in 1972–76, the model shows, in comparison to the load, a small negative annual P balance, probably due to release from legacy sediment P stores. The now stabilized, near neutral P balance indicates no continued internal loading from legacy P, but P retention is low, despite improved oxygen conditions. Seasonally, sediments are a P sink in spring and a P source in summer and autumn. Most of the deep-water P release from sediments in summer-autumn appears to be derived from the settled spring bloom and is exported during winter. Oxygen consumption and P release in the deep water are generally tightly coupled, indicating limited control by P binding to iron-oxyhydroxides under oxic conditions. However, in years of deep-water hypoxia enhanced P release suggest contribution from redox-sensitive P stores. The oxygen conditions in the area have generally improved, probably due both to lower sedimentation of organic matter from the 1970s and lower STP ammonium loads from the late 1990s. Increased oxygen inputs to the intermediate and deep waters due to weakened stratification and enhanced vertical mixing have probably also contributed, while increased respiration rates due to elevated bottom water temperatures probably explain worsened oxygen conditions during the 1990s. Since the P turnover time is short and legacy P minute, measures to bind P in Stockholm inner archipelago sediments would primarily accumulate P imported from the Baltic Sea and from Lake Malaren inflow, and management here should focus on reducing external nutrient inputs.
The thermodynamic evolution of extratropically transitioning tropical cyclones

29 th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Tucson, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 1D.2. Browning, K. A. , 1999: Mesoscale aspects of extratropical cyclones: an observational perspective. The Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyclones. M. A. Shapiro and S. Gronas, eds., Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 265-283. Davis, C. A. , S. C. Jones, and M. Riemer, 2008: Hurricane vortex dynamics during Atlantic extratropical transition. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 713-736. Dudhia, J., 1993: A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State-NCAR mesoscale model: validation tests and simulation of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1493-1513. Evans, A. C. , 2009: The thermodynamic evolution of recurving tropical cyclone Bonnie (1998). Ph.D. dissertation, Florida State University, 131pp. Evans, C. and R. E. Hart, 2008: Analysis of the wind field evolution associated with the extratropical transition of Bonnie (1998). Mon. Wea. Rev., 136,
Impact of Work – Related Stress and Marital Status on Job Effectiveness of Female Bank Workers

This research was aimed at examining the influence of marital status and work-related stress on job effectiveness of female bank workers. A sample 137 female bank workers were purposively and conveniently selected from all 19 banks of which 8 were in Cape Coast the remaining 11 in Takoradi municipalities respectively. Data were collected by the use of questionnaire because the respondents could read and write, and were statistically analyzed by the use of ANOVA, means and standard deviation and regression. The study revealed that female Bankers who are divorced and married are slightly but significantly affected by work place stress whiles others (singles and widows) were not affected. This probably shows that the female Bankers’ marital status does not significantly contribute to the work-related stress they would experience. A key finding is that, the two variables marital status and over all stress affects job effectiveness negatively. It was recommended that the various banking institutions must provide some stress relieving packages for their divorced and married employees to reduce stressful situations experience by these workers. The study also revealed that the female Bankers are able to meet their work deadline through the help from their co-workers, through the use of some software that facilitate their work, also they maintain a sound health and therefore do not experience much stress. This invariably is an indication that the female Bankers do not experience much stress due to the fact that their co-workers avail themselves to the female Bankers in times of need to be effective on their job. It was therefore, recommended that all Banking Institutions should have a Counsellor (s) to further run workshops on occupational stress for Bankers and most especially female Bankers at their workplaces since their stressful situation are being shifted to their co-workers who renders them help when the need arise to be effective at their jobs. Keywords: Female Bankers, Job effectiveness, Work-related stress, Stressors
The effects of drama in helping five-year-old children acquire the concepts of number and operation

This study aims to investigate the effects of the drama method in helping five year-old preschool children acquire the concepts of number and operation. In order to form the study sample, 20 out of 45 five-year-old children attending a public kindergarten in Turkey were randomly selected. Of these 20 children, 10 were assigned randomly to the experimental group and the remaining 10 to the control group. The experiment group undertook a “Drama Based Number and Operation Education Program”. The control group, on the other hand, followed the regular kindergarten curriculum. The results showed that experimental children were significantly more successful than the control group concerning the concepts of number and operation. In other words, it was observed that drama has an important effect in helping children acquire the concepts of number and operation and in supporting these concepts. The results also revealed that gender and the number of siblings did not create a meaningful difference in experimental children’s achievement of the concepts of number and operation.
Infection of cultured mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis by the protozoan Marteilia sp. in the Thermaikos Gulf (N Greece)

A histological study was conducted in order to investigate the presence of the protozoan Marteilia sp. in the cultivated populations of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in the gulf of Thessaloniki (Thermaikos gulf). Two series of samplings took place, one in October 2004 and one in July 2005, at 14 sampling sites in the gulf of Thessaloniki (9 long-line and 5 on-table cultured mussel farms). The protozoan Marteilia sp. was detected in the epithelial cells of the stomach and the digestive tubules. Haemocytic infiltration was only observed in the connective tissue and the epithelial cells of the digestive gland. The detection frequency of Marteilia sp. in mussels varied from 10 to 36.7%, depending on the sampling area, the time of sampling and the culture method. Detection frequency of the protozoan was significantly higher (P <0.05) at the July sampling compared to the October sampling. Concerning the culture method the detection frequency of Marteilia sp. was significantly higher (P <0.05) at cultured-on table than long-line cultured mussels.
ANALYSIS OF SUCTION DISTRIBUTION RESPONSE TO RAINFALL EVENT AND TREE CANOPY

This study provides an exploration of matric suction influenced by tree canopy interception on a single rainfall event. A field monitoring was carried out to measure matric suction at slope with two conditions; at toe of slope without tree and with a tree at toe of slope on a tropical residual soil. The variation in matric suction values and matric suction profiles response to the rainfall events on slope with and without a tree at toe were analysed to reveal the effect of the tree canopy. At initial condition, the matric suction was significantly higher at vicinity of tree compared to that of area without tree at toe of slope. However, a typical short and intense tropical rainfall has caused the matric suction to drop dramatically to a minimum value on slope without tree. This condition did not occur on slope with tree. Although, both slopes (with and without tree at toe) received the same amount of precipitation rainfall but the different responses in matric suction valueswere clearly shown at slope with tree at the slope toe. The short and intense rainfalls appeared to be the dominant factor to the suction variation at slope without tree, but not at slope with the tree. The tree canopy can be a factor to influence the suction variation at slope with tree as canopy interception reduced the amount of precipitation to the ground/sloping surface
Population Structure, Growth, and Production of the Wedge Clam Donax hanleyanus (Bivalvia: Donacidae) from Northern Argentinean Beaches

ABSTRACT Donax hanleyanus Philippi, 1847 (Bivalvia: Donacidae) dominates fine to coarse sandy beach communities of the northern Argentinean Atlantic coast. The population biology of this intertidal wedge clam was studied by determining population structure, growth and production at the three locations Santa Teresita, Mar de las Pampas (both from December 2005 to December 2006) and Faro Querandí (from March 2005 to December 2006). Von Bertalanffy growth functions were established from length-frequency distributions using an asymptotic length (L∞) of 44 mm and the growth constants (K) of 0.46 and 0.47 y-1 respectively of Mar de las Pampas and Faro querandí. Compared with growth studies four decades ago, D. hanleyanus today is growing more slowly, but is reaching a higher maximum length. Longevity is estimated to be approximately five years. The present study confirms that the overall growth performance index is habitat-specific, grouping Donacidae into tropical/subtropical, temperate and upwelling species. The intertidal biomass of D. hanleyanus ranged between 0.04 and 1.32 g ash-free dry mass (AFDM) m-2yr-1. Individual production revealed the highest value at 30 mm length (0.16 g AFDM m-2yr-1) and annual production ranged between 0.08 and 0.99 g AFDM m-2yr-1, resulting in renewal rate values (P/) between 0.82 and 2.16. The P/ ratios of D. hanleyanus populations increased with decreasing latitude from temperate to tropical regions. Only at Santa Teresita D. hanleyanus was found living with the sympatric yellow clam Mesodesma mactroides. A significant negative correlation between abundances of both surf clams suggests that abundance peaks of D. hanleyanus are related with population crashes of M. mactroides. Spatial differences in abundance are significantly related to sand texture as confirmed by nonmetrical multidimensional scaling, but not to sea surface temperature. However, the decrease of D. hanleyanus seems to be principally related to human activities.
Effects of small-scale turbulence on lower trophic levels under different nutrient conditions

Small-scale turbulence affects the pelagic food web and energy flow in marine systems and the impact is related to nutrient conditions and the assemblage of organisms present. We generated five levels of turbulence (2*10−9 to 1*10−4 W kg−1) in land-based mesocosms (volume 2.6 m3) with and without additional nutrients (31:16:1 Si:N:P μM) to asses the effect of small-scale turbulence on the lower part of the pelagic food web under different nutrient conditions. The ecological influence of nutrients and small-scale turbulence on lower trophic levels was quantified using multivariate statistics (RDA), where nutrients accounted for 31.8% of the observed biological variation, while 7.2% of the variation was explained by small-scale turbulence and its interaction with nutrients. Chlorophyll a, primary production rates, bacterial production rates and diatom and dinoflagellate abundance were positively correlated to turbulence, regardless of nutrient conditions. Abundance of autotrophic flagellates, total phytoplankton and bacteria were positively correlated to turbulence only when nutrients were added. Impact of small-scale turbulence was related to nutrient conditions, with implications for oligotrophic and eutrophic situations. The effect on community level was also different compared to single species level. Microbial processes drive biogeochemical cycles, and nutrient-controlled effects of small-scale turbulence on such processes are relevant to foresee altered carbon flow in marine systems.
Societal perceptions of dentofacial appearances of patients with malocclusion: a systematic review

Aim: This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether or not there is evidence enough to support the hypothesis that society promotes judgments on the facial aesthetics of individuals with malocclusion. Methods: Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Bireme, BBO, LILACS, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and SciELO databases, supplemented by an additional manual search. Results: The present study included all articles that appeared in each of these databases between January 1965 and February 2015. Inclusion criteria were based on the articles whose primary focus was the societal perception of dentofacial appearances, written in English; observational and experimental epidemiological studies (Cross-sectional, Longitudinal, Cohort, Randomized Clinical Trial, Case-Control); and systematic reviews. Review articles, clinical case reports, laboratorial experiment studies, and abstracts were excluded. This search identified 2,530 articles, of which four fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these, only one study showed a high level of scientific evidence. The main flaws found included blind assessment of the measurement, validity of the measurement methods, error analysis of the method, and confounding factors not reported in all articles. Conclusion: According to this systematic review, it could be concluded that there is a need for further studies with more efficient methodological qualities.Uniterms: Orthodontics. Malocclusion. Visual perception. Systematic review.