Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 Protects against Gastric Damage Induced by Ethanol Administration in Mice: Role of TRPV1/Substance P Axis

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (DSM) on ethanol-induced gastric injury, and if its possible mechanism of action is related to inhibiting the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1). We evaluated the effect of supplementing 108 CFU•g body wt−1•day−1 of DSM on ethanol-induced gastric injury. DSM significantly reduced the ulcer area (1.940 ± 1.121 mm2) with 3 days of pretreatment. The effects of DSM supplementation were reversed by Resiniferatoxin (RTX), TRPV1 agonist (3 nmol/kg p.o.). Substance P (SP) (1 μmol/L per 20 g) plus 50% ethanol resulted in hemorrhagic lesions, and DSM supplementation did not reverse the lesion area induced by administering SP. TRPV1 staining intensity was lower, SP, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels were reduced, and restored normal levels of antioxidant parameters (glutathione and superoxide dismutase) in the gastric mucosa in mice treated with DSM. In conclusion, DSM exhibited gastroprotective activity through decreased expression of TRPV1 receptor and decreasing SP levels, with a consequent reduction of oxidative stress.
Trait-Emotional Intelligence and the Tendency to Emotionally Manipulate Others Among Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissists

Abstract This study builds on previous findings regarding emotional intelligence among narcissists by considering the maladaptive aspects of emotional manipulation and distinguishing between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Trait-emotional intelligence and emotional manipulation capabilities of grandiose narcissists, vulnerable narcissists, and non-narcissists were compared. A convenience sample of 584 undergraduates from the University of Florence (Italy) with a mean age of 22.61 (SD = 2.19) was recruited. A two-way ANOVA showed that vulnerable narcissists scored significantly lower than grandiose narcissists and non-narcissists in all the Bar-On EI dimensions, while grandiose narcissists scored higher than non-narcissists in Intrapersonal intelligence and the General Mood Bar-On scales. The two-way ANOVA also showed that both grandiose and vulnerable narcissists are prone to emotionally manipulate others in order to reach their aims.
The Effect of Virtual Fencing Stimuli on Stress Responses and Behavior in Sheep

Simple Summary Virtual fencing is a new technology that uses audio signals and electrical stimuli to spatially control animals without the need for fixed fencing. It involves avoidance learning whereby the animals learn to respond to an audio cue (conditioning stimulus) to avoid receiving an aversive electrical stimulus (unconditioned stimulus). The audio cue is used to warn the animal that it is approaching the boundary and should be benign and not perceived as aversive to the animal. While a positive punishment stimulus is necessary for learning, it should not be so aversive to the animal that it impinges on its welfare. This study aimed to determine how the stimuli used in virtual fencing are perceived by the animal when they are first encountered. The audio and electrical stimuli were compared to other commonly encountered stimuli in normal sheep production systems, including a barking dog and a restraint procedure. The physiological and behavioral responses of sheep indicated that sheep were no more adversely impacted by virtual fencing stimuli than they were by other commonly encountered stimuli. The least to most aversive treatments were: Control < Beep < Barking Dog < Electrical stimulus < Restraint. Abstract To understand the animal welfare impact of virtual fencing stimuli (audio cue ‘beep’ and electrical stimulus) on naïve sheep, it is necessary to assess stress responses during the animal’s first encounters with these stimuli. Eighty Merino ewes were exposed to one of the following treatments (n = 16 animals per treatment): Control (no stimuli), beep, dog bark, manual restraint, and electrical stimulus. Collars were used to apply the audio and electrical stimuli. The restraint treatment showed an elevated cortisol response compared with the control (p < 0.05), but there were no differences between the other treatments and the control. There were no differences between treatments in vaginal temperature (p > 0.05). For behaviors, the sheep receiving the bark and beep treatments were more vigilant compared to the control (p < 0.05), there were more aversive responses observed in the electrical stimulus treatment compared to the control. Together, the responses showed that the beep stimuli were largely benign, the bark stimuli was minimally aversive, the electrical stimuli was acutely aversive, and the restraint was moderately aversive. These data suggest that, for sheep, their first exposure to the virtual fencing stimuli should be perceived as less aversive than a commonly used restraint procedure.
Trainees’ perspectives of assessment messages: a narrative systematic review

This study was designed as a narrative systematic literature review of medical specialist trainees’ perspectives of the assessment messages they receive in the context of clinical performance assessments. The aim of the study was to determine if trainees value the information they receive through the formats designed to promote their development and, if not, the reasons for this.
Comparison of the Associations of Early-Life Factors on Wheezing Phenotypes in Preterm-Born Children and Term-Born Children

Abstract Although respiratory symptoms, including wheezing, are common in preterm-born subjects, the natural history of the wheezing phenotypes and the influence of early-life factors and characteristics on phenotypes are unclear. Participants from the Millennium Cohort Study who were born between 2000 and 2002 were studied at 9 months and at 3, 5, 7, and 11 years. We used data-driven methods to define wheezing phenotypes in preterm-born children and investigated whether the association of early-life factors and characteristics with wheezing phenotypes was similar between preterm- and term-born children. A total of 1,049/1,502 (70%) preterm-born children and 12,307/17,063 (72%) term-born children had recent wheeze data for 3 or 4 time points. Recent wheeze was more common at all time points in the preterm-born group than in term-born group. Four wheezing phenotypes were defined for both groups: no/infrequent, early, persistent, and late. Early-life factors and characteristics, especially antenatal maternal smoking, atopy, and male sex, were associated with increased rates for all phenotypes in both groups, and breastfeeding was protective in both groups, except late wheeze in the preterm group. Preterm-born children had similar phenotypes to term-born children. Although early-life factors and characteristics were similarly associated with the wheezing phenotypes in both groups, the preterm-born group had higher rates of early and persistent wheeze. However, a large proportion of preterm-born children had early wheeze that resolved with time.
Should aspirin be suspended prior to robot-assisted radical prostatectomy? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Low-dose aspirin use has been correlated with an increased risk of bleeding and overall complications in surgical and invasive diagnostic procedures. In this review, our aim was to analyze the current literature on whether robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is feasible and safe in patients taking low-dose aspirin perioperatively. Methods: A systematic review was performed identifying a total of 767 studies, published between January 2000 and September 2017, with five of these studies meeting the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, totalizing 1481 patients underwent RARP. Patients were divided into two groups: taking aspirin (group A) and those not taking aspirin (group B) perioperatively. Results: There were no significant differences between groups in the overall [group A 10.7% versus group B 15.7%, risk ratio (RR) 0.83; p = 0.45; I2 = 0%] or major complication rates (group A 1% versus group B 3%, RR 0.98; p = 0.98; I² = 0%), rate of cardiovascular events (group A 1.4% and group B 0.5%, RR 2.06; p = 0.24; I2 = 9%), blood loss (group A 278 ml versus group B 307 ml, SMD −0.12; p = 0.91; I2 = 96%), or hospital length of stay [group A 4 days (3–5) and group B 4 days (3–4), SMD −0.09; p = 0.52; I² = 0%]. There was a slightly higher blood-transfusion rate in group A (2.6%) versus group B (1.6%) (RR, 5.05; p = 0.04; I2 = 0%). Conclusion: Continued aspirin use in the perioperative period does not correlate with an increase in surgical morbidity, blood loss, or hospital length of stay. There was a slightly higher blood-transfusion rate in patients taking low-dose aspirin (group A) perioperatively.
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: Severe disease caused by co‐occurrence of two PHOX2B variants inherited separately from asymptomatic family members

Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) is a rare disease characterized by autonomic nervous system dysregulation. Central hypoventilation is the most prominent and clinically important presentation. CCHS is caused by mutations in paired‐like homeobox 2b (PHOX2B) and is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. A co‐occurrence of two asymptomatic PHOX2B variants with a classical CCHS presentation highlights the importance of clinical PHOX2B testing in parents and family members of all CCHS probands. Despite being an autosomal dominant disease, once a polyalanine repeat expansion mutation has been identified, sequencing of the other allele should also be considered.
Ice is born in low-mobility regions of supercooled liquid water

Significance From intracellular freezing to cloud formation, the crystallization of water is ubiquitous and shapes life as we know it. A full comprehension of the ice nucleation process at the molecular scale remains elusive and we cannot predict where nucleation will occur. Using computational techniques we show that homogeneous nucleation in supercooled water happens in immobile liquid regions that emerge from heterogeneous dynamics. With this we link the topics of nucleation and dynamical heterogeneity and open ways to understand and control heterogeneous nucleation in solution, in confinement, or at interfaces via understanding their effects on liquid dynamics. When an ice crystal is born from liquid water, two key changes occur: (i) The molecules order and (ii) the mobility of the molecules drops as they adopt their lattice positions. Most research on ice nucleation (and crystallization in general) has focused on understanding the former with less attention paid to the latter. However, supercooled water exhibits fascinating and complex dynamical behavior, most notably dynamical heterogeneity (DH), a phenomenon where spatially separated domains of relatively mobile and immobile particles coexist. Strikingly, the microscopic connection between the DH of water and the nucleation of ice has yet to be unraveled directly at the molecular level. Here we tackle this issue via computer simulations which reveal that (i) ice nucleation occurs in low-mobility regions of the liquid, (ii) there is a dynamical incubation period in which the mobility of the molecules drops before any ice-like ordering, and (iii) ice-like clusters cause arrested dynamics in surrounding water molecules. With this we establish a clear connection between dynamics and nucleation. We anticipate that our findings will pave the way for the examination of the role of dynamical heterogeneities in heterogeneous and solution-based nucleation.
Secular trends and associated factors of age at natural menopause in Taiwanese women

Objective: Age at natural menopause (ANM) is considered an indicator for chronic disease and mortality risk in later life. Research suggests that ANM appears to vary across geographic regions and ethnicities. The aim of this study was to explore the secular trends and factors associated with ANM in Taiwanese women. Methods: We used data from three cross-sectional phases of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan. In all, 4,111 women aged 35 years and over were included. Information on ANM and sociodemographics, lifestyle, and health factors were collected using household questionnaires. A Cox proportional-hazards model was used to determine the association of ANM with relevant factors, and a life table method was used to estimate median ANM. Results: Life table method estimated the median ANM to be 50 years. ANM was getting later for women born in younger cohorts (hazard ratio [HR] 0.87 per 10-year difference, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81-0.95). ANM was also later among women who achieved higher educational levels (HR 0.91 per one-category difference, 95% CI 0.86-0.96) and who had been married (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.96). ANM occurred later for parous than for nulliparous women. Multivariable analysis found no significant associations of ANM with age at menarche, smoking, or alcohol drinking. Conclusions: The results suggest that women in the younger cohorts, with higher educational levels, and who are parous and married may have later ANM. The trend effect of secular time and educational levels on ANM may reflect the influences of socioeconomic/nutritional status in their childhood or throughout their lifetime.
Widespread Cognitive Deficits in Alcoholism Persistent Following Prolonged Abstinence: An Updated Meta-analysis of Studies That Used Standardised Neuropsychological Assessment Tools.

Objective This study presents an updated meta-analysis replicating the study of (Stavro, K., Pelletier, J., & Potvin, S. (2013). Widespread and sustained cognitive deficits in alcoholism: A meta-analysis. Addiction Biology, 18, 203-213. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011. 00418.x) regarding the cognitive functioning of alcoholics as a function of time abstinent. Methods A total of 34 studies (including a total of 2,786 participants) that met pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the analyses. The alcoholics were categorised into recently detoxified alcoholics (0-31 days sober), alcoholics 32-365 days sober and alcoholics >365 days sober consistent with the previous study. The current study employed more stringent control on the tests included in the analysis to include only those tasks described in contemporary neuropsychological test compendia. Forty-seven percent of the papers surveyed were not include in the previous meta-analysis. Results The results indicated that there was a diffuse and pervasive pattern of cognitive deficit among recently detoxified alcoholics and that these deficits, particularly with regard to memory functioning, persisted even in longer term abstinent alcoholics. This was inconsistent with the prior meta-analysis which contended that significant cognitive recovery was possible after as little as 1 year. Conclusion The persisting cognitive deficits were noted across a wide range of cognitive functions, supporting the notion of a diffuse rather than a specific compromise of cognition in alcoholism following discontinuation, as measured using standardised neuropsychological tests. Limitations on the finding included the fact that it was a cross-sectional rather than a longitudinal analysis, was subject to heterogeneity of method, had low representation of females in the samples, and had fewer studies of long-term sober samples.
Location-Dependent Patient Outcome and Recurrence Patterns in IDH1-Wildtype Glioblastoma

Recent studies suggest that glioblastomas (GBMs) contacting the subventricular zone (SVZ) as the main adult neurogenic niche confer a dismal prognosis but disregard the unique molecular and prognostic phenotype associated with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations. We therefore examined location-dependent prognostic factors, growth, and recurrence patterns in a consecutive cohort of 285 IDH1-wildtype GBMs. Based on pre-operative contrast-enhanced MRI, patients were allotted to four location-dependent groups with (SVZ+; groups I, II) and without (SVZ−; groups III, IV) SVZ involvement or with (cortex+; groups I, III) and without (cortex−; groups II, IV) cortical involvement and compared for demographic, treatment, imaging, and survival data at first diagnosis and recurrence. SVZ involvement was associated with lower Karnofsky performance score (p < 0.001), lower frequency of complete resections at first diagnosis (p < 0.0001), and lower non-surgical treatment intensity at recurrence (p < 0.001). Multivariate survival analysis employing a Cox proportional hazards model identified SVZ involvement as an independent prognosticator of inferior overall survival (p < 0.001) and survival after relapse (p = 0.041). In contrast, multifocal growth at first diagnosis (p = 0.031) and recurrence (p < 0.001), as well as distant recurrences (p < 0.0001), was more frequent in cortex+ GBMs. These findings offer the prospect for location-tailored prognostication and treatment based on factors assessable on pre-operative MRI.
ADAR1p150 Forms a Complex with Dicer to Promote miRNA-222 Activity and Regulate PTEN Expression in CVB3-Induced Viral Myocarditis

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) are enzymes that regulate RNA metabolism through post-transcriptional mechanisms. ADAR1 is involved in a variety of pathological conditions including inflammation, cancer, and the host defense against viral infections. However, the role of ADAR1p150 in vascular disease remains unclear. In this study, we examined the expression of ADAR1p150 and its role in viral myocarditis (VMC) in a mouse model. VMC mouse cardiomyocytes showed significantly higher expression of ADAR1p150 compared to the control samples. Coimmunoprecipitation verified that ADAR1p150 forms a complex with Dicer in VMC. miRNA-222, which is involved in many cardiac diseases, is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes in VMC. In addition, the expression of miRNA-222 was promoted by ADAR1p150/Dicer. Among the target genes of miRNA-222, the expression of phosphatase-and-tensin (PTEN) protein was significantly reduced in VMC. By using a bioinformatics tool, we found a potential binding site of miRNA-222 on the PTEN gene’s 3′-UTR, suggesting that miRNA-222 might play a regulatory role. In cultured cells, miR-222 suppressed PTEN expression. Our findings suggest that ADAR1p150 plays a key role in complexing with Dicer and promoting the expression of miRNA-222, the latter of which suppresses the expression of the target gene PTEN during VMC. Our work reveals a previously unknown role of ADAR1p150 in gene expression in VMC.
Effets des systèmes de culture bananière sur la stabilité structurale et l'érosion d'un sol brun-rouille à halloysite en Martinique

Un test de stabilite structurale (Le Bissonnais, 1996) a ete applique sur des echantillons de sol brun-rouille a halloysite de la Martinique provenant de dix parcelles de ruissellement (100 ou 200 m2) du CIRAD-FLHOR, a l'etat initial (t0) et apres un an de culture (t1). Ces 10 parcelles, composees de sept essais cultives et de trois sols nus, testent le comportement des systemes de culture bananiere au ruissellement et a l'erosion. L'objectif est double : estimer l'evolution de la stabilite structurale du sol et rechercher les facteurs determinants. Ce test sur agregats secs et tamises (2-5 mm) comprend trois traitements a l'eau distillee : T1, humectation brutale par immersion, T2, humectation lente par capillarite et T3, agitation mecanique standardisee. Il montre que, quel que soit l'echantillon teste, (i) la desagregation est plus intense avec T1 que T2, indiquant que les pluies intenses et isolees en periode seche provoquent plus d'eclatement des agregats que les averses moderees en periode humide, (ii) - les agregats resistent bien a la desagregation mecanique standardisee (T3), confirmee par un diametre moyen ponderal eleve (MWD = 1, 5 a 2,7 mm). Le parametre MWD (T1) montre qu'il y a une evolution de la stabilite structurale du sol en un an sur toutes les parcelles. Sur les essais cultives, il s'agit d'un effet cultural regroupant a la fois une agregation du sol par une hausse de la stabilite structurale dans les rangs sous l'influence biologique des racines (cas des rangs des parcelles d'ananas P5 et P6) et une degradation du sol dans les inter-rangs par l'agressivite de la pluie et par le pietinement lors des travaux agricoles (cas des parcelles de bananiers P3 et P4 qui subissent 16 passages d'ouvriers/mois). Cette degradation structurale du sol pourrait etre due aussi a la preparation du sol, notamment la mecanisation lourde qui tasse le sol (cas de la parcelle d'ananas P6 ou les sillons ont ete tasses lors du billonnage). Donc, sur ces parcelles cultivees, les zones sensibles a la desagregation structurale (et aussi a l'erosion hydrique) sont localisees dans les inter-rangs. Sur les trois parcelles « sol nu » (P1, P7 et P9), la stabilite structurale du sol augmente avec la pente et cette relation s'expliquerait par la constitution sur forts reliefs de materiaux reliquats les plus resistants, les constituants fragiles ayant ete decapes les premiers. Pourtant, la degradation structurale est aussi constatee au bout d'un an (baisse significative des MWD (T1) de tO a t1) et s'amplifie meme avec la pente. Elle serait due non seulement a l'agressivite de la pluie, mais aussi et surtout a l'energie cinetique du ruissellement (liee directement a la pente) et a sa capacite de transport de solides. D'ailleurs, la relation positive entre l'erosion et la degradation structurale sur les « sols nus » souligne cette hypothese alors qu'aucun lien entre evolution structurale et perte en terre n'est etabli sur les parcelles cultivees. (Resume d'auteur)
The ReproGenomics Viewer: a multi-omics and cross-species resource compatible with single-cell studies for the reproductive science community

Motivation Recent advances in transcriptomics have enabled unprecedented insight into gene expression analysis at a single-cell resolution. While it is anticipated that the number of publications based on such technologies will increase in the next decade, there is currently no public resource to centralize and enable scientists to explore single-cell datasets published in the field of reproductive biology. Results Here, we present a major update of the ReproGenomics Viewer (RGV), a cross-species and cross-technology web-based resource of manually-curated sequencing datasets related to reproduction. The redesign of RGV's architecture is accompanied by significant growth of the database content including several landmark single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. The implementation of additional tools enables users to visualize and browse the complex, high-dimensional data now being generated in the reproductive field. Availability and implementation The ReproGenomics Viewer resource is freely accessible at http://rgv.genouest. org. The website is implemented in Python, JavaScript, and MongoDB, and is compatible with all major browsers. Source codes can be downloaded from https://github.com/fchalmel/RGV. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.