Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The tribal community's perception on tuberculosis: A community based qualitative study in Tamil Nadu, India

Background and Objective: Tuberculosis is a highly contagious bacterial infection. It is a major public health issue with India being the highest prevalent country in the world. The nation has a large and heterogeneous tribal population of approximately 104 million people which accounts for 8.6% of the total population. This study focuses on assessing the tuberculosis scenario amongst the tribal population their perceptions on risk factors of TB, general health problems, health seeking behavior, and challenges faced by them. Methods: The study was conducted using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions in the three sampled study districts namely Nilgiris, Namakkal, and Villipuram of Tamil Nadu, India. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the major emerging themes. Following thematic analysis, an interventional strategy for improving the overall knowledge and awareness among the community health education was imparted. Results: The conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions identified major themes that emerged from the codes which included stigma and discrimination, association with HIV, detection of symptoms, health seeking behavior, knowledge and awareness of TB, acculturation, treatment adherence and lack of lab facility. Conclusion: This qualitative study has captured the overall perception towards tuberculosis from the tribal community as a whole as well as from the health workers. The tribal community stigmatized and discriminated people suffering from TB which had an impact on the health seeking behavior as well as on the treatment adherence. The primary care providers were aware of the situation of TB in tribes but were poorly equipped. Primary healthcare providers should in fact, have a crucial role in identification of at-risk subjects, for prompt referrals, and delivery of treatment services.
ELF-Nets: Deep Learning on Point Clouds Using Extended Laplacian Filter

We propose a deep learning framework for various 3D vision tasks, which takes a point cloud as input. The convolution is a basic operator for feature extraction in deep learning. However, it is not directly applicable to a point cloud, which is an irregular, unordered point set. This makes deep learning on point clouds challenging. To address this issue, we propose the extended Laplacian filter (ELF) for point clouds, which adopts the design principles of discrete Laplacian filters in 2D image processing. In other words, ELF extends the Laplacian filters and has the following two properties: 1) it is a two-state filter using two filter matrices (one for a center point and the other for neighboring points), and 2) it employs a scalar weighting function to predict the relative importance of the neighboring points. Then, we develop ELF-Nets, which consist of ELF convolution layers and fully connected layers. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ELF-Nets are capable of recognizing the 3D shape of a point cloud effectively and efficiently. In particular, ELF-Nets provide better or comparable performances than the state-of-the-art techniques in both object classification and part segmentation tasks.
Job satisfaction among health care providers: A cross-sectional study in public health facilities of Punjab, India

Introduction: Job satisfaction is a multidimensional response to work and workplace environment. It depends on many factors, and affects the behavior of employees that, in turn, affects organizational functioning. The aim of the study was to measure job satisfaction among different categories of healthcare providers from the Punjab government health services and to determine the factors that affect job satisfaction the most. Methodology: The study was conducted between September 2015 and February 2016 and included 462 participants working under the Punjab Government health services. Multi-stage random sampling was used, and participants were interviewed telephonically. The study instrument comprised the sociodemographic data and questions from Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS). Results: Three-fourth of the respondents (75.3%) were dissatisfied by their working conditions, followed by fringe benefits facet (34%), promotion facet (25.4%), and contingent rewards facet (23.7%). But they felt satisfied concerning relations with their coworkers (97%), nature of their work (93.3%), supervision (91.2%) and communication facet (80.6). Ambivalence was seen in a range of 2.8% (coworkers facet) to 54.8% (contingent rewards facet). Conclusion: Job satisfaction affects future career goals, social relationships, and personal health. An extremely demanding workplace can make workers susceptible to feelings of uncertainty and low self-esteem. It is recommended to beef up the policies related to healthcare providers and their working conditions regularly. Job responsibilities should have a scope of change to avoid monotony and loss of interest. A conducive working ecosystem can have a positive effect on the evolving health system of a country.
The Effectiveness of Removing Predators to Protect Bird Populations

The control of predators for nature conservation purposes is becoming an increasingly important issue. The growing populations of predator species in some areas and the introduction of predators in other areas have led to concerns about their impact on vulnerable bird species and to the implementation of predator control in some cases. This is set against a background of increasingly fragmented semi‐natural habitats and declining populations for many species. To assess the efficiency of predator removal as a conservation measure, the results of 20 published studies of predator removal programs were meta‐analyzed. Removing predators had a large, positive effect on hatching success of the target bird species, with removal areas showing higher hatching success, on average, than 75% of the control areas. Similarly, predator removal increased significantly post‐breeding population sizes (i.e. autumn densities) of the target bird species. The effect of predator removal on breeding population sizes was not significant, however, with studies differing widely in their reported effects. We conclude that predator removal often fulfills the goal of game management, which is to enhance harvestable post‐breeding populations, but that it is much less consistent in achieving the usual aim of conservation managers, which is to maintain and, where appropriate, increase bird breeding population sizes. This may be due to inherent characteristics of avian population regulation, but also to ineffective predator removal and inadequate subsequent monitoring of the prey populations.
Chloride Migration Coefficients from Non-Steady-State Migration Experiments at Environment-Friendly "Green" Concrete

The Centre for Resource Saving Concrete Structures was established in 1998 by a number of mainly Danish companies and educational and research institutions. One of the main targets of the centre is to develop technologies, which encourage the use of resource saving concrete (“green” concrete), i. e. concrete with minimal clinker content, concrete with high amounts of cement replacement materials, such as fly ash, silica fume and other pozzolans and concrete with waste materials such as stone dust and inorganic residual products. Among others one important task of the project is to prove the service life of the “green” concrete. This includes an investigation of the ability to withstand chloride ingress when exposed to aggressive environment. For these purposes the chloride ingress behaviour of the “green” concrete will be determined using a rapid chloride migration test method. This paper presents the first test results obtained during the first stage of the project.
Causes and Solutions of Mathematics Phobia Among Secondary School Students

The study investigated the causes and solutions to mathematics phobia among secondary school students. The study was carried in Owerri North local Government of Imo State. The descriptive survey research design was adopted in carrying out the study. A sample of 110 mathematics teacher was selected for the study through random sampling technique. A researcher made 4-points likert type of questionnaire titled “Causes and Solutions of Mathematics Phobia(CSMP)”was used for data collection, it had reliability coefficient of 0.81 determined using the crounbach’s alpha formula. The generated data was analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer research questions while the hypothesis was analyzed using chi-square(x 2 ) and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed among other factors, teachers method of teaching, teacher-students relationship, use of abusive words on students as causes of mathematics phobia among students. Based on the result it was recommended that, mathematics teachers should be retrained periodically in order to have ideas of innovative approaches of teaching mathematics to avoid phobia. Keywords : causes, solutions, mathematics phobia, innovative approaches.
Inventory Shocks and the Great Moderation

Why did the volatility of U.S. real GDP decline by more than the volatility of final sales with the Great Moderation in the mid‐1980s? One explanation is that firms shifted their inventory behavior toward a greater emphasis on production smoothing. We investigate the role of inventories in the Great Moderation by estimating an unobserved components model that identifies inventory and sales shocks and their propagation in the aggregate data. Our estimates provide no support for increased production smoothing. Instead, smaller transitory inventory shocks are responsible for the excess volatility reduction in output compared to sales. These shocks behave like informational errors related to production that must be set in advance and their reduction also helps explain the changed forecasting role of inventories since the mid‐1980s. Our findings provide an optimistic prognosis for a continuation of the Great Moderation, despite the dramatic movements in output during the recent economic crisis.
Analysis of Positive Systems Using Copositive Programming

In the field of control, a wide range of analysis and synthesis problems of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems are reduced to semidefinite programming problems (SDPs). On the other hand, in the field of mathematical programming, a class of conic programming problems, so called the copositive programming problem (COP), is actively studied. COP is a convex optimization problem on the copositive cone, and the completely positive cone, the doubly nonnegative cone, and the Minkowski sum of the positive semidefinite cone and the nonnegative cone are also closely related to COP. These four cones naturally appear when we deal with optimization problems described by nonnegative vectors. In this letter, we show that the stability, the $H_{2}$ and the $H_{\infty }$ performances of LTI positive systems are basically characterized by the feasibility/optimization problems over these four cones. These results can be regarded as the generalization of well-known LMI/SDP-based results on the positive semidefinite cone. We also clarify that in some performances such direct generalization is not possible due to inherent properties of the copositive or the completely positive cone. We thus capture almost entire picture about how far we can generalize the SDP-based results for positive systems to those on the four cones related to COP.
What Drives Patients Affected by Depression to Share in Online Depression Communities? A Social Capital Perspective

Online depression communities give people additional opportunities to share their experiences and exchange social support to care for themselves in fighting against depression. We aimed to explore what drives patients to share in online depression communities. We used three dimensions of social capital (structural, relational, and cognitive) to explain their sharing behaviors. We further proposed that five factors (social interaction ties, a sense of shared identity, trust, expertise, and a sense of shared values) will have significant, positive effects on sharing behaviors and that there are differences among patients who have spent different lengths of time participating in online depression communities. We then chose a popular online depression community in China as our data source and obtained a dataset consisting of 31,440 posts from 197 members. Then, we employed panel data regression analyses to test all six hypotheses. The results revealed that all five factors had significant, positive effects (p < 0.01) on patients’ sharing behaviors, and the effects were significantly different across groups. Our empirical results help designers and managers of online depression communities take specific measures to facilitate community members’ access to social capital resources. Meanwhile, our results have implications for existing health management and e-health literature.
A Method to Solve the Unreachable Zone of Mid-range Air-to-Air Missile

Air-to-air missile attack area is an important reference for air combat situation assessment and plays an important role in air combat decision-making. In this paper, the kinematics and dynamics characteristics of air-to-air missile are analyzed and modeled. The motion equations of the missile are established in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane respectively, and the guidance law is established according to the proportional guidance method. Aiming at the problem of missile attack area, this paper uses golden section method to search, uses coordinate transformation to calculate the position of the missile after launch in real time, and finally obtains the non-escape area of the missile. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of this method are verified by simulation analysis.
Vacuolar processing enzymes in the plant life cycle.

Vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) is a cysteine-type endopeptidase that has a substrate specificity for asparagine or aspartic acid residues and cleaves peptide bonds at their carboxyl-terminal side. Various vacuolar proteins are synthesized as larger proprotein precursors, and VPE is an important initiator of maturation and activation of these proteins. It mediates programmed cell death (PCD) by provoking vacuolar rupture and initiating the proteolytic cascade leading to PCD. VPE also possesses a peptide ligation activity, which is responsible for producing cyclic peptides in several plant species. These unique functions of VPE support developmental and environmental responses in plants. The number of VPE homologues is higher in angiosperm species, indicating that there has been differentiation and specialization of VPE function over the course of evolution. Angiosperm VPEs are separated into two major types: the γ-type VPEs, which are expressed mainly in vegetative organs, and the β-type VPEs, whose expression occurs mainly in storage organs; in eudicots, the δ-type VPEs are further separated within γ-type VPEs. This review also considers the importance of processing and peptide ligation by VPE in vacuolar protein maturation, and discusses VPE function in a protein degradation pathway, which has been overlooked in previous analyses.
Temperament and Learning Disability

The link between learning problems and social-emotional difficulties is well documented and both are associated with temperamental risk factors. Whereas temperament refers to individual differences in biologically based dispositions for responding to and engaging with one's surroundings, developmental outcomes are the products of experiences as influenced by temperament in concert with other variables and the opportunities, challenges, and supports of the child's various contexts. A review of the research supports pathways between temperament and outcomes that are direct, indirect, bidirectional, and hierarchical. Interventions that are informed by temperament may address the various pathways through which temperament influences outcomes.
Role of colonoscopy in the diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal disorders in children

Introduction Adult colonoscopies are widely and routinely performed worldwide and provide a safe and effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Moreover, safety and effectiveness of pediatric colonoscopy in lower gastrointestinal diseases have been established. Aim To assess the role of colonoscopy in the diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal tract diseases in a group of Egyptian children. Patients and methods A total of 40 children were admitted to the Endoscopy Unit of Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, in both Pediatric and Tropical Medicine Departments in the period from October 2014 to December 2015. They presented with various lower gastrointestinal symptoms, indicated for colonoscopy evaluation. Thorough clinical history taking and clinical examination, complete blood count, bleeding profile, liver enzymes, and kidney function tests were done. Colonoscopy and histopathological examination of colonoscopic specimen were done. Results The most common indications of colonoscopy were bleeding per rectum in 42.5% of cases followed by bleeding per rectum associated with chronic abdominal pain in 25% of cases, bleeding per rectum associated with vomiting, hematemesis, and melena in 15% of cases, bloody chronic diarrhea in 7.5% of cases, chronic constipation associated with bleeding per rectum in 5% of cases, and nonbloody chronic diarrhea in 5% of cases. Regarding endoscopic results, colorectal polyps, inflammation with superficial ulceration, and normal mucosa were the main endoscopic findings, representing 42.5, 37.5, and 20% of cases, respectively. Based on histopathological results, juvenile polyps were the most common diagnoses in 42.5% of cases, whereas 37.5% of cases were chronic nonspecific colitis, 12.5% of cases were eosinophilic colitis, and 7.5% of cases were ulcerative colitis. Conclusion Colonoscopy is a valuable and safe tool for diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal diseases in children.
Touch matters : improving risk communications by inducing congruence among physical and linguistic weight

Often limited in success, many governmental campaigns aim at inducing various risk mitigating behaviours among citizens by providing rational arguments. Many years of research within a different context, however, have demonstrated the importance of unconscious information processing in attitude formation. In this paper it is argued that these subconscious psychological processes may be adopted in the context of risk communication as well to increase its effectiveness. Specifically, the role of touch was considered as a powerful means to influence citizen’s impressions. This idea was tested within a 3 (presentation mode: digital, paper heavy, paper light) x 3 (type of language: neutral, heavy, light) between-subjects-design with an airplane safety card. Contrary to expectations, the presentation on screen versus paper had no effect on the evaluation of the dependent variables. The effect remained insignificant even for subjects with a high need for touch. The type of language, however, affected perceptions of importance and seriousness as well as valuation of the airplane safety card. Thereby, the integration of a tactile language compared to a neutral version induced higher scores on the dependent variables. Additionally, congruence effects were studied by cross-pairing presentation mode with type of language. It was assumed that information congruent with each other is processed more fluently and accordingly, evaluated more positively. However, results could not confirm this idea. Findings suggest that future risk information material could be directed through both the digital channel or via traditional print media. The lack of congruence effects indicates that risk communication design could incorporate a tactile language regardless of the format it will be presented in, since both screen and paper versions of the airplane safety card benefited for some variables from a tactile language.
Methods for Calculating the Effective Solar-Optical Properties of a Venetian Blind Layer

© 2005. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). Published in ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 111, Part 1. For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE’s prior written permission.
The Influence of Metro Station Development on Neighbourhood Quality

Introducing urban public transportation facilities into a region often creates a significant opportunity to accelerate the process of development through affecting on the property values. Better access, more mobility options, and lower transportation costs are important factors that increase the land values of such regions, especially in blighted and poor neighbourhoods. This issue is important in Tehran Metropolis, because during the past decades an obvious kind of spatial segregation has been formed between the rich north (with high spatial quality) and the poor south (with low spatial quality) due to unequal distribution of opportunities and resources. On the other side, according to the population demand, Metro System is being developed rapidly in the city. Thus a comparative field study on the impacts of metro stations on property values in Tehran can represent not only the various impacts of metro station establishing on different urban textures, but also its consequences on reducing the spatial segregation in the city. We presume that the poor areas under discussion (southern regions) have received more benefits than the rich areas in terms of residential property values. So, establishing of metro stations in the poor and blighted regions of the city can improve the development potentials at these areas. Such improvement in spatial quality of the southern neighbourhoods of the city can reduce the spatial segregation in Tehran Metropolis. The hypothesis has been tested with a field study around Shari'ati Street Metro Station (in the northern part of Tehran) and Shohada Square Metro Station (in the southern part) with considering the quantitative (polynomial regression) and qualitative (personal interview) methods of impact assessment. The results show that establishing of metro stations has a consistently higher positive impact on the residential property values at the poor regions compared with the rich areas. Therefore, by means of acceleration in the values of the poor southern regions, Tehran's long-standing segregation will gradually diminish and subsequently the spatial urban integration will show itself, though in a rather long time.
Investigating Group Invariance of Equating Results

In this study, it was investigated that Item Response Theory (IRT) equating results whether or not group invariant. Group invariance of equating functions means that equating is same for everyone in the population. The raw scores which were taken from 9th grade 2009 ÖBBS D form of Social Sciences were equated to 2009 ÖBBS B form of Social Sciences with IRT true-and observedscore equating methods. Equating study was conducted with using equivalent groups design. The subgroups were generated with regard to examinees’ self-perceived competence in geography and history lessons. The results indicated that under the both IRT truescore and observed-score equating methods, equating results were group sensitive.