Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parameterization of surface kinetic effects for bulk microphysical models: Influences on simulated cirrus dynamics and structure

[1] A parameterization for the influences of the deposition coefficient (αd) and, therefore, surface kinetics on ice crystal vapor growth in bulk microphysical models is derived. The parameterization is developed by considering three distinct growth regimes, each of which depends on the mean size of the ice crystals: inefficient growth in which surface kinetics dominate vapor growth, efficient growth in which diffusion dominates vapor growth, and an intermediate regime in which both surface kinetics and diffusion are important. Analytical solutions to the distribution-integrated vapor growth equations are derived for the inefficient and efficient growth regimes, whereas a plausible approximation is suggested for the intermediate growth regime. Use in a numerical cloud model requires a method to choose between the growth regimes, and we show that the kinetic length scale can be used for this purpose. The parameterization is used in eddy-resolving simulations of a warm and unstable cirrus case. Simulation results tend to match prior microphysical studies: cirrus microphysics are insensitive to αd if αd > 0.1, whereas lower values of αd produce relatively high ice concentrations and ice supersaturations. Our simulations suggest that large changes in cirrus structure and dynamics occur when αd becomes lower than ∼0.05. When growth is this inefficient, ice concentrations are high and precipitation rates are low, which leads to a cirrocumulus-like structure over time. The dynamic motions in these clouds are driven primarily by infrared cloud top cooling and cloud base warming. At larger values of αd (>0.05), the more efficient vapor growth leads to lower ice concentrations and larger precipitation rates. This causes the initially layered cirrus to transition into cirrus uncinus with precipitation tails. The cloud fraction in this case is low, with lifetimes almost 6 hours less than in the cases with inefficient growth (αd < 0.05).
NEW ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION CURVES FOR INTERSTELLAR DUST IN M31

New low-resolution UV spectra of a sample of reddened OB stars in M31 were obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope/STIS to study the wavelength dependence of interstellar extinction and the nature of the underlying dust grain populations. Extinction curves were constructed for four reddened sightlines in M31 paired with closely matching stellar atmosphere models. The new curves have a much higher signal-to-noise ratio than previous studies. Direct measurements of N(H i) were made using the Lyα absorption lines enabling gas-to-dust ratios to be calculated. The sightlines have a range in galactocentric distance of 5–14 kpc and represent dust from regions of different metallicities and gas-to-dust ratios. The metallicities sampled range from solar to 1.5 solar. The measured curves show similarity to those seen in the Milky Way and the Large Magellanic Cloud. The Maximum Entropy Method was used to investigate the dust composition and size distribution for the sightlines observed in this program, finding that the extinction curves can be produced with the available carbon and silicon abundances if the metallicity is super-solar.
Cooperation, Trust and Economic Development: An Experimental Study in China

Many previous empirical studies have suggested that cooperation and trust affect economic growth. However, the precise relationship between trust and cooperation (i.e. whether trust leads to cooperation or cooperation leads to trust) remains unclear and it is not known how the level of economic development affects the level of cooperation and trust. Using a combination of public goods, gambling game and trust game experiments, we investigate the links among cooperation, trust and economic development in four regions of China. Our results suggest that, first, there is a U-shaped or V-shaped relationship between cooperation and economic development. Second, on the one hand, cooperation leads to trust, and on the other hand, more cooperative behaviour may be created by rewarding trusting behaviour. Third, men are more cooperative and trusting than women. Furthermore, we find that the widely used ‘GSS trust’ question from the General Social Survey (GSS) does not predict either cooperation or trust, whereas the questions ‘GSS fair’ and ‘GSS help’ have weak predictive power for trusting behaviour but not for cooperative behaviour.
Fatty acids as markers of food sources in a shallow-water hydrothermal ecosystem (Kraternaya Bight, Yankich Island, Kurile Islands)

The contribution of different food sources in the food web of a shallow-water hydrothermal ecosystem was estimated using fatty acids as markers. The markers were selected based on the results of analyzing the fatty acid composition of potential food sources in Kraternaya Right, Yankich Island, Kurile Islands. Most animals had markers characteristic of diatoms: the 16:0/16:1m? ratio close to 1 and a high 20:503 content. We assume that the bivalves Macoma calcared and Macoma lukini, polychaetes Amphitrite cirrata and Pectinaria hyperborea, and holothurians Eupentacta pseudoquinquesemita and Psolus sp. feed mainly on diatoms. Fatty a c ~ d s pecific to bacteria branched, odd and 18:lw7 -were found in considerable amounts in the bivalve Ax~nopsida orbiculata, as well as in E pseudoquinquesernita, Psolus sp and P. hyperborea; hence we concluded that there was a substantial bacterial input into the food of these species. A high concentrat~on of C,, and PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids), suggested to be an indicator of brown algae, was detected merely in the gastropod Littorina kurila. Although bactena are more important as a food source in Kraternaya Bight than In typical coastal ecosystems, the major food source for animals here is photosynthetic organisms, rather than chernosynthetic symbionts as is the case with deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
Isolating the hydrodynamic triggers of the dive response in eastern oyster larvae

Understanding the behavior of larval invertebrates during planktonic and settlement phases remains an open and intriguing problem in larval ecology. Larvae modify their vertical swimming behavior in response to water column cues to feed, avoid predators, and search for settlement sites. The larval eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) can descend in the water column via active downward swimming, sinking, or “diving,” which is a flick and retraction of the ciliated velum to propel a transient downward acceleration. Diving may play an important role in active settlement, as diving larvae move rapidly downward in the water column and may regulate their proximity to suitable settlement sites. Alternatively, it may function as a predator‐avoidance escape mechanism. We examined potential hydrodynamic triggers to this behavior by observing larval oysters in a grid‐stirred turbulence tank. Larval swimming was recorded for two turbulence intensities and flow properties around each larva were measured using particle image velocimetry. The statistics of flow properties likely to be sensed by larvae (fluid acceleration, deformation, vorticity, and angular acceleration) were compared between diving and non‐diving larvae. Our analyses showed that diving larvae experienced high average flow accelerations in short time intervals (approximately 1–2 s) prior to dive onset, while accelerations experienced by non‐diving larvae were significantly lower. Further, the probability that larvae dove increased with the fluid acceleration they experienced. These results indicate that oyster larvae actively respond to hydrodynamic signals in the local flow field, which has ecological implications for settlement and predator avoidance.
Climatology of thermospheric neutral winds over Oukaïmeden Observatory in Morocco

Abstract. In order to explore coupling between the thermosphere and ionosphere and to address the lack of data relating to thermospheric neutral winds and temperatures over the African sector, a new system of instruments was installed at the Oukaimeden Observatory located in the high Atlas Mountains, 75 km south of Marrakesh, Morocco (31.206° N, 7.866° W, 22.84° N magnetic). In this work we present the first multi-year results of the climatology of meridional and zonal winds obtained during the period from January 2014 to February 2016, including observations from 648 nights. The measurements are obtained using an imaging Fabry–Perot interferometer, which measures the 630.0 nm emissions caused by dissociative recombination of O2+. The basic climatology of the winds is as expected, showing zonal winds that are strongly eastward in the early evening just after sunset with a speed of 50 to 100 m s−1 decreasing in magnitude, and reversing directions in the local summer months, towards sunrise. The meridional winds are slightly poleward in the early evening during the local winter, before reversing directions around 21:00 LT. In the local summer months, the meridional winds are equatorward for the entire night, reaching a maximum equatorward speed of 75 m s−1. We compare the observed climatologies of neutral winds to that provided by the recently updated Horizontal Wind Model (HWM14) in order to validate that model's predictions of the thermospheric wind patterns over the eastern portion of Africa. The model captures much of the features in the observational climatologies. The most notable exception is for the zonal winds during local summer, when the maximum eastward wind in the observations occurs approximately 4 h later than seen in the model results.
Differences in technical and tactical indicators of attacks and counterattacks in elite male karate fighters

In this research we identified, registered and analyzed the specific technical and tactical structures of attacks and counterattacks in karate fights in order to test our hypothesis that karate fights are primarily won by using simple techniques. In order to attain the aforementioned goals we analyzed a sample of total 274 senior contesters in 137 karate fights, who are older than 18 years and who participated in the maximum of three fights during the 2008 World Karate Championships in Tokyo. The sample was described with 48 technical and tactical indicators of situational efficiency and fight outcome variables.The data were used to form an initial matrix (48 variables in 274 fights = 4642 derived data) where events in each variable (48 technical and tactical indicators) were defined as frequencies in which an individual fighter executed a marked or unmarked technique in attack or counterattack. Such data was used to derive variables for assessment of overall situational effect of karate practitioner during the fight and for the assessment of partial situational effects of technique. The obtained results indicate that the situational efficiency and obtained differences in technical and tactical fighting concept were influenced by quick techniques of low biomechanical requirements, that is, the aforementioned techniques were used by situationally better and more effective fighters as assets of tactical surprise for gaining advantage in the attack phase. Such results confirm our hypothesis that karate fights are won by using primarily techniques with low biomechanical requirements.
Comparison theorems for a class of first order Hamilton-Jacobi equations

On etudie une certaine classe d'equations de Hamilton Jacobi d'ordre 1. En utilisant des techniques de symetrisation, on compare une solution du probleme considere avec la solution a symetrie spherique decroissante d'un probleme symetrise. On demontre un theoreme d'existence des solutions de viscosite
Examining Success of Land Record Information Systems (LRMIS) in Pakistan: Validating an incorporated IS success model

Objective of this article is to investigate the success (by determining citizen’s intention to use and satisfaction) of Land Record Information Systems (LRMIS) from perspective of Pakistan. The success of this egovernment information system is investigated using an incorporated IS success model. Model formulated here features constructs such as System Quality, Service Quality, and Information Quality, Perceived Risk, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Satisfaction, Perceived Usefulness, Awareness, Trust, Information Security and Behavioral Intention. The suggested incorporated research model of IS was validated using feedbacks taken from 250 citizens across different cities of Pakistan. Verifiable findings showed the positive and substantial linkage between all 17 hypothesized associations of 10 different constructs. Validated data-based outcomes and argumentations provided in this research can help government to enrich upon and to completely avail the potentiality of LRMIS as serviceable and an effective computer system toward a digital, secure, lucid and uncorrupted society.
The low abundance and insignificance of dark discs in simulated Milky Way galaxies

We investigate the presence and importance of dark matter discs in a sample of 24 simulated Milky Way galaxies in the apostle project, part of the eagle programme of hydrodynamic simulations in ΛCDM cosmology. It has been suggested that a dark disc in the Milky Way may boost the dark matter density and modify the velocity modulus relative to a smooth halo at the position of the Sun, with ramifications for direct detection experiments. From a kinematic decomposition of the dark matter and a real space analysis of all 24 haloes, we find that only one of the simulated Milky Way analogues has a detectable dark disc component. This unique event was caused by a merger at late time with an LMC-mass satellite at very low grazing angle. Considering that even this rare scenario only enhances the dark matter density at the solar radius by 35 per cent and affects the high-energy tail of the dark matter velocity distribution by less than 1 per cent, we conclude that the presence of a dark disc in the Milky Way is unlikely, and is very unlikely to have a significant effect on direct detection experiments.
The Spatial Structure of Tidal and Mean Circulation over the Inner Shelf South of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts

AbstractThe spatial structure of the tidal and background circulation over the inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, was investigated using observations from a high-resolution, high-frequency coastal radar system, paired with satellite SSTs and in situ ADCP velocities. Maximum tidal velocities for the dominant semidiurnal constituent increased from 5 to 35 cm s−1 over the 20-km-wide domain with phase variations up to 60°. A northeastward jet along the eastern edge and a recirculation region inshore dominated the annually averaged surface currents, along with a separate along-shelf jet offshore. Owing in part to this variable circulation, the spatial structure of seasonal SST anomalies had implications for the local heat balance. Cooling owing to the advective heat flux divergence was large enough to offset more than half of the seasonal heat gain owing to surface heat flux. Tidal stresses were the largest terms in the mean along- and across-shelf momentum equations in the area of the reci.
The Influence of Customer Commitment and Loyalty Program on Customer Advocacy Behavior in B2B Product

This paper empirically examines the impact of satisfaction and trust on commitment, and explore the effect of commitment on customer advocacy behaviors. The other purpose of this paper also investigate the moderating influence of B2B loyalty program toward supporting customer advocacy and consumer commitment in the context of Indonesia’s cement sector. The hypothesis framework was developed to assess linkage between customer relationship commitment according trust and satisfaction, also investigate the moderating influence of B2B loyalty programs toward supporting customer advocacy behaviors, including sharing information, marketing research support, word-of-mouth referrals, and increasing repatronage. The model was developed and tested on 148 Building material retailer who become an active customer of the biggest cement manufacture in Indonesia. Assessments of loyalty program effect was conducted by multi-group analysis and Independent T-test. The result reveal a significant impact of consumer trust on consumer commitment and a significant impact of customer commitment on several consumer advocacy behavior. B2B loyalty program membership shows significant moderating effect on several hypothesis framework.
Impact of Remittances and FDI on Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis

International capital flows have generally been considered crucial for economic growth. This study makes an empirical contribution to explore the impact of Remittances and FDI on the economic growth of selected developing countries. A panel dataset of 33 developing countries observed from 2003 to 2014 are examined to explore the impact of both Remittances and FDI on economic growth. The study apply both static and dynamic panel data approach. In both dynamic and static framework, the study has found a positive and statistically significant impact of FDI on the economic growth for the developing countries in sample. The result suggests that FDI has the potential of improving economic growth for the developing countries in sample. After controlling for potential endogeneity bias the study reveals that remittance has significant negative impact on the economic growth across the developing countries in sample over the study period. The result indicates that most remittance receipts are not channeled to productive uses and the motive of remitting to the home country economies is mostly altruistic rather than profit driven. The full benefit of Remittances can be gained by formulation of policy measures to channel Remittances into some economically productive uses.
Wide-slotted printed slotline radiator

This paper summarizes the investigation of radiation from the slotline made on a thin low permittivity substrate. The slot radiates the space leaky wave of the first order. The dispersion characteristic of this wave is presented. Two versions of the antenna were designed, optimized and fabricated. The wide slot is fed by the microstrip patch in the first design, and by the CPW patch in the second design. The measured and calculated return loss and also the radiation patterns compare well for both the first and the second antenna.
Corporate Venture Capital, Value Creation, and Innovation

We analyze how corporate venture capital (CVC) differs from independent venture capital (IVC) in nurturing innovation in entrepreneurial firms. We find that CVC-backed firms are more innovative, as measured by their patenting outcome, although they are younger, riskier, and less profitable than IVC-backed firms. Our baseline results continue to hold in a propensity score matching analysis of IPO firms and a difference-in-differences analysis of the universe of VC-backed entrepreneurial firms. We present evidence consistent with two possible underlying mechanisms: CVC's greater industry knowledge due to the technological fit between their parent firms and entrepreneurial firms and CVC's greater tolerance for failure.
Perturbation of the exponential type of linear nonautonomous parabolic equations and applications to nonlinear equations

In this paper we give some sharp qualitative and quantitative conditions to guarantee that the exponential type of a linear nonautonomous equation is modified by a linear perturbation. No assumption (periodic, almost periodic, quasi periodic etc) is made on the time behavior of the coefficients of the equation or the perturbation. The results are applied to the study of the asymptotic behavior, both forwards and pullback, of nonautonomous nonlinear equations.
Optimation Of Calcium Fortification On Pineapple Juice Using Response Surface Method

The study objective was to produce the best calcium fortified pineapple juice using response surface method (RSM) of the Box-Behnken model. The optimized factors were calcium concentration (mg/100 mL), pectin concentration (%) and pH level. Total dissolved solids (Brix) were observed. The results showed quadratic equation between the response and optimized factors. Two of the best calcium fortified pineapple juice had been chosen from 20 formulations.The two formulations were calcium concentration, pectin concentration and pH level having respective values of 70.87, 0.39, 3.35 and 73.60, 0.84, 3.45. Under optimum condition, the three formulations produced the predictive values of total dissolved solid of 12.91 Brix, 12.94 Brix and 13.181 Brix, respectively. Results of verification showed that the values of total dissolved solid were close to the predicted values with magnitude of 12.13 Brix, 12.47 Brix and 12.70 Brix.
Contextual factors influencing modern contraceptive use in Nigeria

Background: Despite the acknowledged health and socioeconomic benefits of use of modern contraceptives their use in Nigeria remains persistently low with wide variations in pattern of use. Given Nigeria’s commitment to doubling her contraceptive prevalence within four years it is imperative to investigate the mediating role of contextual factors in influencing contraceptive behavior for more responsive programming. This study therefore aims to assess the role of contextual factors in determining use of modern contraceptives in Nigeria. Methods: A multilevel modelling was carried out using data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) among women age 15-49. The weighted sample used in the analysis comprised 13835 women of reproductive age who were married fecund and did not desire a child within two years of the study drawn from 904 clusters (enumeration areas) across the country. The clusters were taken as representative of communities. The outcome variable used in the modelling was current use of modern contraceptives. Results: Overall individual and community level variables accounted for 82% of the variations in contraceptive use in Nigeria. Positive community-level predictors of contraceptive use level were the level of female autonomy female education and access to health facilities within the community. Conversely communities with higher proportions of Muslim and higher proportions of polygynous marriages negatively predicted use of modern contraceptives. Also compared with the South West Zone all the other zones of the country except the South Zone had significant lower odds of contraceptive use. Poverty and rural residence had no significant effect on use of modern contraceptives. Conclusion: Individual and community characteristics were significant predictors of use of modern contraceptives in Nigeria and thus these factors should be taken into account in programming for family planning in the country.