Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Successful Term Pregnancy after B-Lynch Compression Suture in a Previous Pregnancy on Account of Massive Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage

A case is presented of a successful term pregnancy in a 28-year-old secundipara after previous Misgav-Ladach cesarean section and B-Lynch compression suture on account of massive postpartal hemorrhage caused by uterine atony. On account of dystocia and relative cephalopelvic disproportion, secondary repeated cesarean section was performed; she gave birth to a live child 3,900 g/52 cm, Apgar score 9/10, with a regular neonatal course. During the repeated cesarean section, thin laces of connective tissue were found along the sutures placed on the uterus during the previous B-Lynch operation. Pelvic and intrauterine adhesions were not found.
Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Activities within Michigan Local Public Health Departments

Objective. Local public health departments have a wide array of responsibilities, including coordinating childhood lead poisoning prevention activities. This study was conducted in an effort to understand how local public health officers prioritized lead poisoning prevention activities and the barriers to the delivery of childhood lead poisoning prevention services delivered through local health departments. Methods. A telephone survey was conducted of health officers in Michigan, a state with a high burden of environmental lead. Analysis included Spearman rank correlation and Fisher's exact test. Results. No association was found between the local risk of lead poisoning and the priority placed by local health departments on lead poisoning prevention activities. Similarly, there was no association between the local risk of lead poisoning and the availability of services. Only 60% of local health departments offered blood lead testing, environmental investigation, and case management. Most (74%) believed that lead poisoning is inadequately addressed within the area served by their local health department. Conclusion. New strategies of providing lead poisoning prevention activities are needed to achieve the federal and state goals of eliminating childhood lead poisoning over the next decade.
Laboratory-based edge-illumination phase-contrast imaging: Dark-field retrieval and high-resolution implementations

Edge illumination is an X-ray phase-contrast imaging technique capable of quantitative retrieval of phase and amplitude images. The retrieval of the ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering was recently developed and implemented with the area-imaging counterpart of an edge-illumination system, sometimes referred to as coded-aperture setup. This is an incoherent and achromatic technique, well suited for translation of the potential of X-ray phase contrast imaging into efficient laboratory-scale setups. We report on recent advances of these developments along two main directions. One relates to the expansion of the technique with respect to the data analysis and corrections that are required when non-ideal optical elements are used and optimized sampling strategies. The second is directed towards high-resolution and high-energy implementations. A laboratory-based prototype for high-energy X-ray phase-contrast microscopy was built and its performance was modelled and experimentally characterized.
Age Differences in Motivational Orientation Toward Physical Activity: An Application of Social—Cognitive Theory

According to social—cognitive theory, an individual's motivation to engage in physical activity is based on three postulates: self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-evaluated satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The purpose of the present study was to examine age, gender, level of education, and level of activity in relation to those postulates in 2,298 Australians aged between 18 and 78. The authors conducted regression analyses for self-efficacy and for outcome expectations as dependent variables; age, gender, education level, and level of physical activity served as independent variables. Chisquare analyses assessed differences in the health incentive to exercise, the perceived level of activity, and the perceived level of fitness. Results indicated significant age differences on all variables. The older individual felt lower self-efficacy in relation to physical activity and expected fewer benefits from participating in physical activity. However, older individuals who engaged in physical activity rated themselves as more active and fit than nonexercisers of their same age and gender. Physical activity and level of education were positively correlated with self-efficacy, and men were more efficacious than women were. The implications are that interventions aimed at increasing participation in physical activity should take into consideration differences in incentives.
LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS WITH MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY : A MIXED-METHODS STUDY

Objective: To characterize the long-term consequences of mild traumatic brain injury regarding post-concussion symptoms, post-traumatic stress, and quality of life; and to investigate differences between men and women. Design: Retrospective mixed-methods study. Subjects/patients and methods: Of 214 patients with mild traumatic brain injury seeking acute care, 163 answered questionnaires concerning post-concussion symptoms (River mead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire; RPQ), post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale; IES), and quality of life (Short Form Health Survey; SF-36) 3 years post-injury. A total of 21 patients underwent a medical examination in connection with the survey. The patients were contacted 11 years later, and 10 were interviewed. Interview data were analysed with content analysis. Results: The mean total RPQ score was 12.7 (standard deviation; SD 12.9); 10.5 (SD 11.9) for men and 15.9 (SD 13.8) for women (p = 0.006). The 5 most common symptoms were fatigue (53.4%), poor memory (52.5%), headache (50.9%), frustration (47.9%) and depression (47.2%). The mean total IES score was 9.6 (SD 12.9) 7.1 (SD 10.3) for men and 13.0 (SD 15.2) for women (p = 0.004). In general, the studied population had low scores on the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The interviews revealed that some patients still had disabling post-concussion symptoms and consequences in many areas of life 11 years after the injury event. Conclusion: Long-term consequences were present for approximately 50% of the patients 3 years after mild traumatic brain injury and were also reported 11 years after mild traumatic brain injury. This needs to be taken into account by healthcare professionals and society in general when dealing with people who have undergone mild traumatic brain injury.
Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Antibody in Cameroon

Background Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. As a leading cause of genital ulceration, herpes genitalis plays a role in facilitating the transmission of HIV. Although HIV infection is most prevalent in Cameroon, information is lacking about prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infection in this country. Goal The goal was to determine the prevalence of HSV-2-specific antibody in blood specimens from individuals in Cameroon. Study Design Blood specimens were randomly collected from 410 clinic attendees (215 males, 195 females) in Douala, the most populous city in Cameroon. One hundred fifteen of the individuals (28.0%) were HIV-infected. Samples were tested by a type-common HSV IgG enzyme immunoassay not discriminating between HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies and by two glycoprotein G-2-based enzyme immunoassays for detection of HSV-2-specific antibody. Results All but three blood samples were positive for type-common HSV IgG antibodies. Sixty-seven specimens (16.3%) were concordantly negative for HSV-2 antibody by both assays, and 287 (70.0%) specimens were concordantly positive. Fifty-six specimens (13.7%) yielded discrepant results between the two assays. Conclusion On the basis of specimens with concordantly positive results, the overall HSV-2 seroprevalence was 70.0%. HSV-2 seroprevalence was significantly higher among HIV-infected individuals than among HIV-negative ones. Because of the serious morbidity and mortality caused by HSV-2, effective programs are needed to halt the spread of HSV-2 infection in Cameroon.
Multiphysics coupling analysis of TSV by using discrete geometric method based on Tonti diagram

The Tonti diagram conceives a general mathematical structure for several physical fields, and hence provide uniform topological operators to establish global stiffness matrices for various field solvers in differential forms. The discrete geometric method implements the Hodge discretization of constitutive laws through the division of geometric parameters of primal and dual meshes. Complying with Tonti diagrams, it can be achieved as an elegant solution for multiphysics problems intuitively and practicably. The stationary electro-thermo-mechanical coupled problem, including building of the constitutive equations and treating of the coupling terms, is studied. A typical problem with regard to thermo-mechanical stress induced by resistive losses in a through-silicon-via (TSV) structure of 3D IC is investigated.
Missed opportunities for prevention: smoking cessation counseling and the competing demands of practice.

BACKGROUND Smoking cessation advice is an effective intervention for the control of tobacco use. The objective of this study was to assess and describe the rates of smoking status assessment and smoking cessation advice provided by physicians during ambulatory office visits with respect to physician specialty, type of visit, and number of problems addressed at the visit. METHODS We used a cross-sectional survey of patient visits to the offices of nonfederally employed, office-based physicians participating in the 1992 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (n = 1558). RESULTS Physicians reported knowing the smoking status of their patients in 66% of outpatient visits. The rate of assessment was similar for generalists and specialists. Cardiologists and generalists, except for pediatricians, showed discernible rates of smoking cessation advice (medians ranging from 14% to 50%), whereas obstetrician/gynecologists and other specialists had negligible rates. For tobacco-related visits, generalists and specialists had comparable rates of cessation advice to identified smokers. For non-tobacco-related visits, generalists had higher rates than specialists (22% vs 10%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Although a substantial majority of smokers are reportedly identified by physicians during ambulatory visits, a large number of identified smokers are not receiving smoking cessation counseling. Patients seen by generalists are more likely to receive smoking cessation advice. Physicians appear to prioritize smoking cessation advice based on diagnosis at the time of the visit.
When is communication a ‘meeting of minds’?

ABSTRACT Do infants and young children (two-year-olds) possess an implicit theory of mind which is revealed through their communicative interactions or are they simply treating their interlocutors as objects to manipulate in service to their own material ends? Shatz & O'Reilly (1990) criticized a paper by Golinkoff (1986) for claiming that infants were attempting to communicate as opposed to simply manipulate their listeners. This paper takes exception to that argument. It reviews additional evidence which indicates that infants in the second year of life are capable of communicating for the sake of the ‘meeting of minds’. The alternative – treating young children's communications as only the firing off of conversational routines for the purpose of attaining material ends – seriously underestimates infants' knowledge of the communicative process.
Towards a comprehensive view of web services QoS models

In a growing web services environment, the usage, design and composition methods of web services require proper and reliable information about web services quality. QualityofService (QoS) is usually referred to the non-functional characteristics of web services which can be used as an important role to differentiate between different web services. In order to select the best web services among those with similar functionality, it is important for the web requester to have a mechanism to rank them and also from the service providers side to ensure that their web services are according to the agreed QoS. Currently there is no standard manner to define the QoS characteristics of web services. Many studies have shown different categorization of QoS which led to the issue of semantic interoperability of QoS. One way to understand the QoS, is to identify all its possible requirements for web services. This paper is an attempt to explore some of the QoS issues which are essential for web services. It first proposes a QoS framework which suggests considering QoS for web services along four different views. Each view is representing a particular relevant facet of QoS models. The main contribution of this paper is to show that there is a big quantity and variety of interpretations of various service quality concepts and models and gives the reasons why there is no holistic QoS modeling approach.
Comparison of the effects of patellar tendon bearing and total surface bearing sockets on prosthetic fitting and rehabilitation

Patellar tendon bearing (PTB) and total surface bearing (TSB) sockets have been used respectively in the prosthetic treatment of 20 trans-tibial amputees to investigate the effectiveness of both sockets on prosthetic fitting and rehabilitation. Data analysis showed that prostheses with TSB sockets were lighter than the prostheses with PTB sockets and better suspension was obtained from TSB prosthetic socket (p<0.05). It was also found that weight acceptance on the amputated side advanced to a more normal value with TSB prostheses (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the two socket types in walking and in other ambulation activities except sitting and standing up from a chair, in favour of the TSB socket (p<0.05). Consequently, due to the outcome of this study it can be said that TSB prosthetic sockets can be used effectively in the rehabilitation of trans-tibial amputees.
The influence of tobacco smoking on the enzyme activity of serum gamma glutamyl transferas (GGT)

Background and objective: The gamma glutamyl transferase GGT is a cell-surface protein contributing to the extracellular catabolism of glutathione. The enzyme is produced in many tissues, but most GGT in serum is derived from the liver so that it is currently the most sensitive enzymatic indicator of liver disease. To evaluate the effect of smoking on liver diseases through assessing the enzyme activity of serum GGT. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to June 2012 by clinical analysis department in College of Pharmacy at Hawler Medical University on (30) individuals of smokers, and (30) non-smokers. Serum GGT activity was measured using enzymatic colorimetric method. Results: The mean value of serum GGT activity was significantly higher in smokers (20.89 ± 6.79 IU/L) (Mean ± SD) than that of non-smokers (14.51 ± 6.46 IU/L) (Mean ± SD) (p<0.01).
Analysis and Modeling of the Locomotor Central Pattern Generator as a Network of Coupled Oscillators

Abstract: The primary functions of spinal locomotor central pattern generators (CPGs) are to provide oscillatory motor commands to individual joints or segments and to control the precise timing of those commands across all joints or segments for efficient, coordinated locomotor behavior. Our ability to understand the neuronal mechanisms underlying intersegmental coordination has been hampered by the complexity of propriospinal interconnectivity and the paucity of quantitative data on the magnitude and timing of those connections. Theoretical approaches have therefore been employed to discover general roles by which CPG‐like oscillator systems must be constructed to produce appropriate coordinated locomotor behavior; the locomotor CPG is represented as a network of oscillators, where each oscillator generates local motor output and interoscillator coupling provides intersegmental coordination. Mathematical analysis of such coupled oscillator systems has provided a number of experimentally testable predictions regarding the link between coupling and coordination. Application of these network‐level predictions to the results of electrophysiological experiments has required data analysis methods that can relate the behavior of the in vitro spinal cord to the variables employed by the mathematical model. Hence, our most recent work has focused on developing analytic tools for quantifying the changes in locomotor output that result form experimental manipulations of the propriospinal system in terms of frequency, intersegmental phase, and intersegmental correlation. Results of recent experiments can now be used to put further constraints on the allowable kinds of intersegmental coupling provided by mathematical modeling of the system.
Perception of dental esthetics in different cultures.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare patients' and dentists' perception of dental appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on internationally accepted guidelines about dental esthetics, a questionnaire was developed to measure "dental appearance" (QDA). Eleven items defined a QDA score (0 = "absolutely dissatisfied" to 100 = "absolutely satisfied"). The QDA was completed by 29 patients (21 women, 8 men) before and after a complete oral rehabilitation that included restoration of the maxillary anterior teeth. Overall, 94 dentists from four countries (Germany, the United Kingdom, China, and Switzerland) evaluated the esthetics before and after rehabilitation on a visual analog scale (VAS: 0 = "absolutely unesthetic" to 100 = "absolutely esthetic"). RESULTS Patients and dentists of all countries found a significant esthetic improvement after treatment (P ≤ .0001). Significant differences could be found when comparing the evaluation of the dentists from the various countries among one another and with the patients' self-evaluation (P ≤ .05). With the exception of the professional rating of the initial situation, no gender-related differences could be found in any of the test groups. CONCLUSIONS In daily practice, it seems of utmost importance for dentists to incorporate the patients' feedback in order to avoid esthetic treatment failures.
Nurses’ Perceptions of Quality of Life for Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to understand nurses’ perceptions and experiences regarding Quality of Life (QOL) of adolescents with complex congenital heart disease (CHD). Interpretive, hermeneutic, phenomenology was used to explore the perceptions and experiences of nurses who care for adolescents with complex CHD. The participants included 6 female registered nurses with experience taking care of adolescents with complex CHD. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis revealed 4 themes: QOL depends on how the psychological and social issues are interwoven with the physical; finding that balance between overprotection and too much freedom; setting goals to envision a future; and not being defined by a CHD. These results indicate that understanding nurses’ perspectives and experiences may contribute to effective guidance for adolescents with complex CHD transitioning into adulthood.
A study on drug–drug interactions through prescription analysis in a South Indian teaching hospital

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the drug–drug interactions (DDIs) through prescription analysis among the inpatients of a South Indian teaching hospital. Methods: The study was a prospective observational prescription analysis conducted for a period of 6 months, from October 2010 to March 2011. The prescriptions having two or more drugs and where a DDI was suspected were selected by the physician in charge of the ward. The drugs in the prescription were then entered into the drug interaction checker software. The DDIs were classified based on the mechanism of interactions, severity of interactions, relation to the number of drugs prescribed, and disease conditions were also determined. Results: A total of 204 prescriptions were analyzed, of which 186 prescriptions had 856 DDIs. Most of the DDIs were pharmacokinetic drug interactions (42%) followed by unknown mechanisms (34%) and pharmacodynamic mechanisms (24%). The study findings showed that the prescriptions for cardiovascular with respiratory disease conditions had the greatest number of drug interactions on average. A severity assessment showed that majority of the DDIs were moderate (70%) followed by minor (28%). The study results showed that as the number of drugs increases in a prescription, the number of DDIs also increases. The interventions determined showed that dosage adjustment (12%) was to be followed in most of the DDIs. Conclusion: This study assists in understanding the factors associated with DDIs that can help in safe and effective use of drugs in the future.
Polymeric coatings that inactivate both influenza virus and pathogenic bacteria

Painting a glass slide with branched or linear N,N-dodecyl methyl-polyethylenimines (PEIs) and certain other hydrophobic PEI derivatives enables it to kill influenza virus with essentially a 100% efficiency (at least a 4-log reduction in the viral titer) within minutes, as well as the airborne human pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. For most of the coating polyions, this virucidal action is shown to be on contact, i.e., solely by the polymeric chains anchored to the slide surface; for others, a contribution of the polyion leaching from the painted surface cannot be ruled out. A relationship between the structure of the derivatized PEI and the resultant virucidal activity of the painted surface has been elucidated.
Bluetongue virus outbreak in Tamil Nadu, southern India : Need to study the Indian biting midge vectors, Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Bluetongue (BT) is a viral disease causing morbidity and mortality in sheep, cattle and wild ruminants, including deer, sambar and bluebull. BT is endemic in many parts of India and its outbreak in Tamil Nadu during the monsoon season of 1997-98 caused the death of 300,000 sheep and goats. However, the extent of damage to the wild ruminants remains unknown. Current research for controlling BT is confined to the development of vaccines in disease vulnerable states, with which complete success is questionable because of the presence of more than 20 serotypes of the virus. Vector control through integrated, intensive management is feasible, but there is little knowledge of the biting midges, Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in southern India. Culicoides brevitasis Keiffer and C. imicola Keiffer are proven vectors of BT virus, occurring widely in India and other parts of the Oriental region. There is an urgent need to study Culicoides sp. intraspecies variation and genetic variation because of the recent BT disease outbreak. This information will provide an understanding about BT transmission and control and vector competence of Culicoides in India. This article presents the first report of BT in Tamil Nadu over the past 12 years (1988-99), reviews the current knowledge of Indian Culicoides fauna, and how the lack of understanding of taxonomy, biology and behaviour of this fauna affects effective vector control measures.