Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Campoletis sonorensis Endoparasitic Wasps Contain Forms of C. sonorensis Virus DNA Suggestive of Integrated and Extrachromosomal Polydnavirus DNAs

Campoletis sonorensis virus (CsV) (Polydnaviridae) previously was detected only in the calyx epithelial cells and lumen of the oviducts from female C. sonorensis (Ichneumonidae) endoparasitic wasps (Norton et al., Cell Tissue Res. 162:195-208, 1975). Using dot-blot hybridizations, we detected low amounts of CsV DNA in male and female wasp head and thorax tissues and in male abdominal tissues. Low amounts of extrachromosomal viral DNA were detected in Southern blots of undigested male wasp DNA and in male DNA purified by isopycnic centrifugation. High-molecular-weight male wasp DNA digested with any of several restriction endonucleases and hybridized with cloned viral DNAs from CsV superhelices B and Q under stringent conditions contained CsV-specific DNA fragments that differed significantly in size and number from the hybridizing fragments detected in comparably digested viral DNA. Identical offsize restriction fragments were detected in digested female head and thorax DNA. These data suggest that at least CsV DNAs B and Q are integrated in C. sonorensis cellular DNA and that the virus may be transmitted through the germline.
Enhancing the Odd Peaks Detection in OFDM Systems Using Wavelet Transforms

This work aims to study the effect of unwanted peaks and enhance the performance of wireless systems on the basis of tackling such peaks. A new proposition has been made based on wavelet transform method and its entropy. Signals with large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) will be examined such as the ones that are considered as the major Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems drawbacks. Furthermore, aspatial diversity Multiple-Input Multiple- Out-put (MIMO) technology is used to overcome the complexity addition that could arise in our proposition. To draw the best performance of this work, a MATLAB simulation has been used; it is divided into three main stages, namely, MIMO-OFDM symbols’ reconstruction based on wavelet transform, a predetermined thresholding formula, and finally, moving filter. This algorithm is called Peaks’ detection based Entropy Wavelet Transform; PD-EWT. Based on the simulation, and under some constrains such as the bandwidth occupancy and the complexity structure of the transceivers, a peak detection ratio has been achieved and reaches around 0.85. Comparing with our previously published works, the PD-EWT enhances detection ratio for 0.25 more peaks.
The Impact Of Market Maker Concentration On Adverse-Selection Costs For Nasdaq Stocks

We examine the impact of market maker concentration on adverse-selection costs for NASDAQ stocks and find that more market makers results in lower costs. Furthermore, this reduction in adverse selection exceeds the overall reduction in spreads that is attributable to market maker competition. We hypothesize that order flow internalization is increasing in market makers and allows for greater information production, and is an explanation for our findings. Our results provide an explanation for the puzzle documented by previous work that finds that adverse-selection costs for NASDAQ tend to be lower than for the New York Stock Exchange, whereas spreads tend to be higher.
Parasitic Infections of Some Freshwater Ornamental Fishes Imported in Pakistan

This study was designed to investigate the parasitic infection in five species of freshwater ornamental fishes imported to Pakistan. A total of 178 fishes; goldfish, Carassius auratus L. ; guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Peters); molly, Poecilia sphenops (Valemiemmes); platy, Xiphophorus maculatus (Gunther) and swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri (Heckel) were examined for parasitic infection. Three monogenean species (Gyrodactylus turnbulli Harris 1986;, Gyrodactylus VonNordmann, Dactylogyrus extensus Mueller and Van Cleave 1932); six protozoans (Trichodina Ehrenberg 1831, Chilodonella Stand, 1928, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876, Piscinoodinium pillulare Schaperclaus 1954, Tetrahymena sp., Epistylis Ehrenberg, 1830.); one digenean (metacercaria of Cryptocotyle Lube,1899.) and two copepod arthropods (Lernaea cyprinacea L. and Argulus foliaceus Muller, 1785) were recorded from these fishes. The overall parasitic infection in these fishes was 69.10%. The infection and mean intensity in these fishes were; goldfish (75%, 31.24), molly (52%, 24.69), platy (66.66%, 22.25), swordtail (56.52%, 17.4) and guppy (75%, 15.86). Monogenean and protozoan were recorded from each fish species. Clinically the infected fishes were week, lethargic, with whitish to yellowish cysts on the skin. The scales were eroded and haemorrhages were present at the base of fins. The gills were damaged with hyperplasia on secondary lamellae. Monogenean parasitic load on goldfish was higher (p < 0.01) than other fish species. The intensity of metacercaria of Cryptocotyle sp. was higher (p < 0.05) in platy. The introduction of transmissible parasites through the import of ornamental fishes may cause serious disease problems in native fish species, which may have negative impact on emerging ornamental fish trade in Pakistan.
Pregnancy Suppresses Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Immunoregulatory Cytokine Production1

Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) often experience a decrease in relapse rate during pregnancy, most notably during the third trimester, with a flare of disease activity 3–6 mo postpartum. Studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS, have shown that pregnancy delays the onset and decreases the incidence of disease. We investigated the effect of pregnancy and the postpartum period in a remitting-relapsing model of murine EAE. When immunization occurs during pregnancy, mice show a reduction in the incidence of EAE as well as a decrease in clinical severity, while mice immunized during the postpartum period exhibit more severe disease. No differences in lymphocyte proliferation or expression of activation markers were noted when immunization occurred during pregnancy as compared with the nonpregnant controls. Mice immunized during pregnancy produced less TNF-α and IL-17, and showed an increased number of IL-10-secreting cells within the CD11b+, CD11c+, CD19+, and CD4+/CD25+ populations. No differences were noted in the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5. These results suggest that when an Ag is introduced during pregnancy, an immunoregulatory rather than an immunosuppressive or Th2 environment predominates.
Nosocomial HIV-transmission in an outpatient clinic detected by epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses.

OBJECTIVE To determine if a case of HIV-infection in a patient (GP) with common variable immunodeficiency, and with no known risk factors for HIV-infection, could be due to horizontal nosocomial transmission. METHODS For determination of time of transmission stored serum-samples from GP were analysed for HIV RNA content. Patient records were used to identify patients, who had received intravenous therapy on the same day as GP. Samples from GP and these possible source patients were identified and phylogenetic analyses of the env, gag and RT-encoding region of pol were performed. Furthermore, routines in conjunction with intravenous therapy were examined. RESULTS We identified a patient (FDL) harbouring virus almost indistinguishable from the virus isolated from GP. The pairwise nucleotide distance between the C2-V3-C3 region of the env and gag sequences from the two patients were 1.9 and 0.9% respectively. In addition, GP harboured HIV RNA with a foscarnet resistance mutation further lending support to virus from the foscarnet-treated FDL being the source of the infection. Interestingly, GP experienced increases in immunoglobulin production after contracting the HIV-infection, and decreases after antiretroviral-induced viral suppression. A clinical procedure which, under stressful conditions, could lead to breaches in infection control measures was identified. The source of the infection was most likely a contaminated multidose vial. CONCLUSION Through epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses a case of horizontal nosocomial HIV-transmission was disclosed. Identification of multidose vials as possible vehicles for horizontal nosocomial transmission recently led to the recommendation of restriction of the use of multidose vials, a recommendation supported by the present study. The study underlies the importance of a constant survey of infection control precautions.
Inviting Patients to Read Their Doctors' Notes: Patients and Doctors Look Ahead

BACKGROUND Little is known about what primary care physicians (PCPs) and patients would expect if patients were invited to read their doctors' office notes. OBJECTIVE To explore attitudes toward potential benefits or harms if PCPs offered patients ready access to visit notes. DESIGN The PCPs and patients completed surveys before joining a voluntary program that provided electronic links to doctors' notes. SETTING Primary care practices in 3 U.S. states. PARTICIPANTS Participating and nonparticipating PCPs and adult patients at primary care practices in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Washington. MEASUREMENTS Doctors' and patients' attitudes toward and expectations of open visit notes, their ideas about the potential benefits and risks, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS 110 of 114 participating PCPs (96%), 63 of 140 nonparticipating PCPs (45%), and 37 856 of 90 203 patients (42%) completed surveys. Overall, 69% to 81% of participating PCPs across the 3 sites and 92% to 97% of patients thought open visit notes were a good idea, compared with 16% to 33% of nonparticipating PCPs. Similarly, participating PCPs and patients generally agreed with statements about potential benefits of open visit notes, whereas nonparticipating PCPs were less likely to agree. Among participating PCPs, 74% to 92% anticipated improved communication and patient education, in contrast to 45% to 67% of nonparticipating PCPs. More than one half of participating PCPs (50% to 58%) and most nonparticipating PCPs (88% to 92%) expected that open visit notes would result in greater worry among patients; far fewer patients concurred (12% to 16%). Thirty-six percent to 50% of participating PCPs and 83% to 84% of nonparticipating PCPs anticipated more patient questions between visits. Few PCPs (0% to 33%) anticipated increased risk for lawsuits. Patient enthusiasm extended across age, education, and health status, and 22% anticipated sharing visit notes with others, including other doctors. LIMITATIONS Access to electronic patient portals is not widespread, and participation was limited to patients using such portals. Response rates were higher among participating PCPs than nonparticipating PCPs; many participating PCPs had small patient panels. CONCLUSION Among PCPs, opinions about open visit notes varied widely in terms of predicting the effect on their practices and benefits for patients. In contrast, patients expressed considerable enthusiasm and few fears, anticipating both improved understanding and more involvement in care. Sharing visit notes has broad implications for quality of care, privacy, and shared accountability. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Pioneer Portfolio, Drane Family Fund, and Koplow Charitable Foundation.
Studying the effect of cationic starch-anionic nanosilica system on retention and drainage

Nanoparticles are widely used in the papermaking industry as retention/ drainage aids, usually in conjunction with a high mass cationic polyelectrolyte such as cationic starch. However, little convincing knowledge of their role and mechanism in the wet-end system is yet found. This work focused on the role of nanosilica on papermaking wet end system in response to some processing parameters (drainage, retention, and electrostatic force of the whole system). The observations indicated that the nanosilica performance is defined by interactions of nanosilica with the complex aqueous environment of wet end system. The interaction mechanism seems to rely on introduction of nanoparticles into a cationic starch-fines-fibers network, converting the fiber mat on the forming wire into a porous structure that is responsive to retention and drainage.
Functional Neuroanatomy of Different Olfactory Judgments

Humans routinely make judgments about olfactory stimuli. However, few studies have examined the functional neuroanatomy underlying the cognitive operations involved in such judgments. In order to delineate this functional anatomy, we asked 12 normal subjects to perform different judgments about olfactory stimuli while regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with PET. In separate conditions, subjects made judgments about the presence (odor detection), intensity, hedonicity, familiarity, or edibility of different odorants. An auditory task served as a control condition. All five olfactory tasks induced rCBF increases in the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), but right OFC activity was highest during familiarity judgments and lowest during the detection task. Left OFC activity increased significantly during hedonic and familiarity judgments, but not during other odor judgments. Left OFC activity was significantly higher during hedonicity judgments than during familiarity or other olfactory judgments. These data demonstrate that aspects of odor processing in the OFC are lateralized depending on the type of olfactory task. They support a model of parallel processing in the left and right OFC in which the relative level of activation depends on whether the judgment involves odor recognition or emotion. Primary visual areas also demonstrated a differential involvement in olfactory processing depending on the type of olfactory task: significant rCBF increases were observed in hedonic and edibility judgments, whereas no significant rCBF increases were found in the other three judgments. These data indicate that judgments of hedonicity and edibility engage circuits involved in visual processing, but detection, intensity, and familiarity judgments do not.
Skin cancer incidence and the ageing population

from five cases of mammary Paget disease (PD), two cases of epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal, and five cases of lowgrade rectal adenocarcinoma, in which a normal squamoustransitional-columnar anal zone was demonstrable. In all cases of primary AGA-EMPD, most pagetoid cells were CK7+, CK20– and CDX2–; CEA was found to be positive in three cases. In contrast, CDX2 was expressed in all five cases of AGA-EMPD associated with an anorectal low-grade adenocarcinoma (Figs 1 and 2): in three cases most pagetoid cells were CK20+, CK7– and CEA+, whereas in two cases they were CK20–, CK7+ and CEA–; pagetoid cells and the associated primary anorectal adenocarcinoma showed the same immunoprofile. In all three cases of AGA-EMPD associated with an urothelial carcinoma, the pagetoid cells were consistently CK7+, CK20+, CEA– and CDX2– (Fig. 2). Most pagetoid cells of mammary PD were CK7+, CK20–, CEA+ and CDX2–. Conversely, most cells of all the rectal adenocarcinomas were CK20+, CEA+ and CDX2+; however, there were numerous tumour cells coexpressing CK7. The normal columnar cells of the anal canal were CK7–, CK20+, CEA+ (apical pole) and CDX2+ (Fig. 1). In the two cases of epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal, a minority of tumour cells expressed CK7, CK20 and CEA, and some tumour cells showed a weak-tomoderate positivity for CDX2 (Fig. 2). CDX2 is a transcription factor that regulates the development of the epithelium of the small and large intestine. CDX2 immunohistochemistry has been recently proposed as a marker of malignancies showing an intestinal-type immunoprofile, and therefore useful in establishing a gastrointestinal origin of metastases. Accordingly, in our cases, CDX2 positivity distinguished pagetoid cells of anorectal origin from the other cases. Our study demonstrated CDX2 to be a sensitive and specific marker for establishing the anorectal origin of EMPD. We suggest that a limited immunohistochemical panel based on CDX2, CK7, CK20 and CEA could address the differential diagnosis among types of EMPD on skin biopsies from the anogenital areas.
Integration of Transforming Growth Factor β and RAS Signaling Silences a RAB5 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor and Enhances Growth Factor-Directed Cell Migration

ABSTRACT Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor (TβR) signaling contributes to normal development as well as tumorigenesis. Here we report that RIN1, a RAB5 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and down regulator of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), promotes TβR signaling through enhanced endocytosis. TβR activation induces SNAI1 (Snail), a transcription repressor that reduces RIN1 expression, providing a negative feedback mechanism to control TβR trafficking and downstream signaling. Persistent RAS signaling disrupts this equilibrium by stabilizing SNAI1 protein, resulting in strong silencing of RIN1 and stabilization of RTKs. TGF-β-induced RIN1 silencing in breast cancer cells prolonged sensitivity to hepatocyte growth factor, a ligand for the MET-type RTK, and enhanced growth factor-directed cell motility. We conclude that in some tumor cells TβR and RAS signals are integrated through the silencing of RIN1, leading to a reduction in RAB5-mediated endocytosis. These findings shed new light on the basis for distinct interpretations of TGF-β signaling by normal versus transformed cells.
A Hepatitis C Virus cis-Acting Replication Element Forms a Long-Range RNA-RNA Interaction with Upstream RNA Sequences in NS5B

ABSTRACT The genome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) contains cis-acting replication elements (CREs) comprised of RNA stem-loop structures located in both the 5′ and 3′ noncoding regions (5′ and 3′ NCRs) and in the NS5B coding sequence. Through the application of several algorithmically independent bioinformatic methods to detect phylogenetically conserved, thermodynamically favored RNA secondary structures, we demonstrate a long-range interaction between sequences in the previously described CRE (5BSL3.2, now SL9266) with a previously predicted unpaired sequence located 3′ to SL9033, approximately 200 nucleotides upstream. Extensive reverse genetic analysis both supports this prediction and demonstrates a functional requirement in genome replication. By mutagenesis of the Con-1 replicon, we show that disruption of this alternative pairing inhibited replication, a phenotype that could be restored to wild-type levels through the introduction of compensating mutations in the upstream region. Substitution of the CRE with the analogous region of different genotypes of HCV produced replicons with phenotypes consistent with the hypothesis that both local and long-range interactions are critical for a fundamental aspect of genome replication. This report further extends the known interactions of the SL9266 CRE, which has also been shown to form a “kissing loop” interaction with the 3′ NCR (P. Friebe, J. Boudet, J. P. Simorre, and R. Bartenschlager, J. Virol. 79:380-392, 2005), and suggests that cooperative long-range binding with both 5′ and 3′ sequences stabilizes the CRE at the core of a complex pseudoknot. Alternatively, if the long-range interactions were mutually exclusive, the SL9266 CRE may function as a molecular switch controlling a critical aspect of HCV genome replication.
Gain Reduction Due to Space Charge at High Counting Rates in Multiwire Proportional Chambers

Measurements with a small MWPC of gas gain reduction, due to ion space charge at high counting rates, have been compared with theoretical predictions. The quantity ln(q/qo)/(q/qo), where (q/qo) is the relative reduced avalanche charge, has been found to be closely proportional to count rate, as predicted. The constant of proportionality is in good agreement with calculations made with a modified version of the original, simplified theory.
Emerging Wearable Medical Devices towards Personalized Healthcare

The increasingly aging population and prevalence of chronic diseases have been observed in many countries, which increase great burden for the health care system over recent few decades. With the technology innovation in IT and biomedical engineering, more and more advanced wearable medical technologies and products are emerging and coming to use by the public. Since wearable medical is deemed as one of the most promising approaches for healthcare monitoring, early diagnose and personalized treatment, wearable medical devices will contribute to the development of more cost-effective and sustainable healthcare system. In this paper, recent advancements in wearable medical products for personalized medicine and E-health are reviewed, including wearable multi-parameter physiological devices, wearable patch physiological monitoring devices, fitness training devices, wearable biofeedback training devices, and mobile phone based healthcare applications. Finally, future development of wearable medical technologies, specially, the related policies and plans in China, are discussed.
p53 Expression as a marker of microinvasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has high local recurrence, partly caused by the lack of clear margin identification on surgical removal of cancerous tissues. Direct visualization by immunostaining and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in tissue sections gives more definite information about genetic damage at margins with appropriately selected biomarkers. AIMS To determine the usefulness of immunohistochemical techniques and FISH of the tumour suppressor TP 53 gene to identify microinvasion in marginal tissue sections and to relate the possible correlation between protein expression and genetic aberrations in OSCC cases in Malaysia. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and FISH of TP 53 genes were applied on 26 OSCC formalin fixed paraffin embed (FFEP) blocks selected from two oral cancer referral centers in Malaysia. RESULTS For p53 protein immunohistochemistry, 96% of the 26 OSCC studied showed positive immunostaining at the excision margins. In FISH assay, 48.9±9.7% of the cancerous cells were monoploid for p53 probe signals, 41.0±9.5 % were diploid, and 10.2±7.8 % were polyploid. A correlation between p53 immunostaining and TP53 gene aberrations was noted (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein expression and FISH of TP53 gene could be applied as screening tool for microinvasion of OSCC.
Clinical and EEG features of patients with EEG wicket rhythms misdiagnosed with epilepsy

Background: EEG wicket rhythms are 6- to 11-Hz medium-to-high voltage bursts that are sometimes misidentified as epileptogenic activity. The authors determined the clinical and EEG features of patients with wicket rhythms who had been incorrectly diagnosed with epilepsy. Methods: Electroencephalographers at an epilepsy center re-read EEGs for patients referred for epilepsy management and identified patients with wicket rhythms. On further evaluation, the majority (54%; 25/46) of these patients were found not to have epilepsy. The authors compared the clinical and EEG features for the 25 patients with wickets and nonepileptic episodes with those of age- and sex-matched patients with partial-onset epilepsy using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Several features distinguished patients with EEG wicket patterns and nonepileptic episodes (n = 25) from age- and sex-matched patients with epilepsy (n = 25): mid-adult age at onset of episodes (mean 38.4 years vs 19.8 years), prolonged clinical episodes (mean 155 minutes vs 2.3 minutes), and long duration of EEG wicket patterns (mean 0.66 seconds vs 0.11 second spikes). After controlling for other factors, patients without major confusion during episodes were unlikely to have epilepsy. Conclusion: Wicket patterns are often interpreted as epileptogenic. This distinctive EEG pattern should be considered in patients with clinical episodes atypical for epilepsy.