Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crossed Pin Fixation of Displaced Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children

The results of 42 children with displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus (six Gartland Type II and 36 Gartland Type III) treated with crossed pin fixation are reported. In 37 fractures (88%) the teardrop configuration was restored successfully. All fractures healed without loss of reduction. No patients had iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. Crossed-pin fixation of supracondylar humeral fractures is a safe and effective way of maintaining skeletal stability in children. Careful technique safeguards against ulnar nerve injury.
To Have and to Hold: Retaining and Utilising Skilled People. A National Vocational Education and Training Research and Evaluation Program Report.

This report examines the ways in which Australian employers retain skilled staff as well as the ways in which employers enhance their ability to use the skills of their people. The study involved a variety of organisations representing a cross-section of industries from small to large employers. It focuses on the role of human resource management practices, including fostering a 'learning culture' and high performance work practices. The study found that while strategies such as increasing wages and family friendly policies may increase an employee's job satisfaction, the key driver in determining if employees remain with an organisation is if they feel they are learning and progressing in their careers. It also highlights that training, especially nationally recognised training, is strongly tied to decisions made by employees on whether they will stay with their employer.
The retrospective documentation of legal cases with bile duct injury that were submitted for consideration to İstanbul Forensic Medicine Institute by the courts between 2008-2012.

OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the parameters that were considered by Forensic Medicine in bile duct injury as well as the issues that the physicians were found to be faulty. MATERIAL AND METHODS The following parameters were investigated in 21 files that were referred to Istanbul Forensic Medicine Institute with request of expert opinion between 2008-2012; expert decisions, patient's age, gender, written patient consent, diagnosis, type of first surgery, surgical complications, timing of complication diagnosis within the scope of complication management, patient's referral timing, troubleshooting procedures and mortality rate. RESULTS Physicians were found to be faulty in all files. The reason for physician fault was failure to show the necessary professional care and attention in one (4.7%) file, late recognition of injury and late transfer of the patient in 20 (95.3%) files. Written consent had not been obtained in any of the files. Thirteen patients were female (61.9%) and 8 (30.1%) were male, with a mean age of 43.3 years. Nineteen patients had cholelithiasis (90.4%), and two patients (9.5%) had a mass in the head of the pancreas. Cholecystectomy was performed laparoscopically in 15 patients (78.9%), and with open surgery in 4 patients (21.1%). The Whipple procedure was performed in two patients. The diagnosis was made during the operation in one patient (4.7%), and in the post-operative period in 20 patients (95.3%). The time to diagnosis after surgery was between 3-6 days. All of the patients had been referred to third level health care facilities. The timing of transfer was 1 day in the patient who was diagnosed during the operation, and ranged between 4-10 days in those who were diagnosed postoperatively. Reasons for late referral were delays related to pending test results in 12 patients, vague signs in 3 patients, and following-up patients with the thought that the biliary fistula will heal by itself in 5 patients. Mortality was not observed in any of the examined files. CONCLUSION The issues where physicians were most frequently found to be faulty were failure to obtain written patient consent, late recognition of injury and late transfer of the patient.
Monocyte-Dependent Suppression of T-Cell Function in Postoperative Patients and Abdominal Sepsis

Introduction: Surgical trauma causes inflammation and postoperative immunosuppression. Previous studies have shown a T-cell-dependent suppression of MHC II expression and other functions of antigen-presenting cells. The aim of this study was to determine which immune cell initiates postoperative immunosuppression and consecutive sepsis. Methods: We separated T-cells and monocytes in human abdominal surgery (n = 11) patients preoperatively as well as 24 h postoperatively and in patients who developed postoperative sepsis (n = 6). We analyzed their surface markers and then coincubated these cells with naïve preoperative cells of the other cell type, respectively. Cytokine secretion from naïve cells was measured by a multiplex immunoassay, serving as a bioassay for the function of the stimulating postoperative cell. Results: Surface marker analysis showed a postoperative suppression of CD3+ cells and the activation marker CD28 (P = 0.02), which was further reduced in septic patients. FACS analysis revealed a significant increase in CD14+ monocytes (P = 0.02) and CD14+CD86+, CD14+HLA-DR+ subpopulations 2 h postoperatively. In sepsis patients, HLA-DR expression was reduced compared with postoperative levels (P < 0.01). After coincubation with postoperative T-cells, secretion of IL-6 (P < 0.01) and IL-10 (P < 0.01) from naïve monocytes was increased, whereas T-cells from sepsis patients resulted in suppressed cytokine secretion. After coincubation with postoperative monocytes, secretion of IFN-gamma (P < 0.01) and IL-10 (P < 0.01) from naïve T-cells was significantly diminished, whereas monocytes from septic patients triggered only insignificant IL-10 secretion from naïve and septic T-cells. Conclusions: Our results show that in the early postoperative period, T-cells are suppressed but able to trigger the release of cytokines from monocytes, whereas activated monocytes seem to induce T-cell suppression. In sepsis patients, a global suppression of both cell types in terms of absolute numbers and function seems to occur.
A Four-Level Converter with Optimized Switching Patterns for High-Speed Electric Drives

High-speed electrical machines at multi-MW power level are being designed to drive high-speed compressor trains in oil and gas industry applications and for directly driving generators with gas turbines for shipboard and mobile power generation applications. The paper describes a converter topology to address such high power high frequency drive requirements. The proposed topology uses a three-phase bridge with series-connected single-phase bridges in each phase to obtain a four-level configuration. Optimized low pulse-count synchronous switching is used to limit the switching frequency of the individual devices; yet obtain the required power quality under all operating condition of the machine without use of external harmonic filters. Method of switching optimization and predicted performance of the drive are presented. Experimental results from a lab-scale prototype are provided to validate the concept.
Applicability of the CALUX bioassay for screening of dioxin levels in human milk samples

The CALUX (chemically activated luciferase expression) bioassay based on rat hepatoma (H4IIE) cells is a sensitive assay for the detection of Ah receptor agonists like 2,3,7,8-substituted chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and related PCBs. In this paper, the assay was optimized and applied for monitoring levels of dioxins in human milk samples. Combination effects of dioxin-like compounds were evaluated by testing potential mechanisms of interaction between seven of the major dioxin-like compounds in human milk using the isobole method. Results showed that the compounds acted additively, indicating that the usual assumption of additivity in the risk assessment process is valid. In general the relative potencies (REPs) of the single agents were in accordance with their TEFs assigned by the World Health Organisation, except for the mono- ortho -substituted PCB118 that had a 40-fold lower REP in CALUX. The total dioxin-like activity was determined in 16 Danish human milk samples and was in the range 20.5–55.8 pg TEQ g−1 fat. These values were compared with TEQs obtained from GC/MS analysis (range 14.8–43.6 pg TEQ-g−1 fat) that overall were a little lower than CALUX TEQs. The results obtained with the bioassay when testing milk extracts fractionated into dioxins/furans, non- ortho PCB and mono/di- ortho PCB fractions indicated that the correlation between the bioassay and the chemical analyses depends primarily on the Ah receptor activity observed in the mono/di- ortho PCB fraction.
Does Ownership Really Matter? The role of foreign investors in corporate governance in Japan

After the banking crisis of 1997, corporate ownership in Japan shifted from an insider-dominated to an outsider-dominated structure. This paper analyzes the impact of dramatic changes in the ownership structure on corporate governance and firm value, focusing on the role of foreign institutional investors. There are two competing views on the role of increased foreign ownership. The positive view is that foreign investors have high monitoring capability, and encourage improvements in the governance arrangement of firms, resulting in higher performance. Conversely, the negative view is that they have strong bias in their investment strategies, and are less committed to a particular firm. Even though a correlation between foreign ownership and high performance has been observed, it may be a superficial one. Higher stock returns can be induced by the demand for a stock, while performance can simply reflect a foreign investor's preference for a high quality firm. To determine which view is more compelling, we constructed a unique long-term data set, and examined the determinants of foreign ownership and its impact on stock returns as well as performance. We found that the investment behavior of foreign investors is characterized by a particular bias, and takes into account governance arrangements. Second, their investment substantially affects the stock return of firms. Third, even after controlling for reverse causality, however, their growing presence positively affects firm performance, suggesting that foreign institutional investors play a disciplinary role once their shareholding increases.
A Theoretical and Empirical Study of Global Talent Management: Three Operationalizations of GTM and their Impact on Firm Performance

This theoretical and empirical study of Global Talent Management (GTM) analyzes the four major theory and practice gaps of GTM as identified in the literature. It proposes three operationalizations of GTM and empirically analyzes their impact on perceived firm performance. A thorough literature review provides the framework for the operationalizations of GTM. The empirical analysis includes a replication of six scales using a sample of Talent from firms using GTM systems. These scales represent the constructs of the three operationalizations of GTM. Then a series of multiple regression equations analyze the impact of the operationalizations of GTM on perceived firm performance and perceived hiring practices. The scales are all replicated except for one, thus contributing to the literature. In addition, support for the impact of GTM on perceived firm performance is found. The result is theoretical and empirical support for the impact of GTM on perceived firm performance for a sample of 369 talented individuals in firms using GTM systems.
Pengaruh Kualitas Penerapan Good Corporate Governance (GCG) terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia (Periode 2010-2015)

The purpose of this study to determine the effect of the application of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on financial performance as measured by the ratio of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Financing (NPF), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Income Margin (NIM), Financing Deposits ratio (FDR), and the ratio of Operating Expenses and Operating Income (ROA) at the Islamic Banks. The study population was the whole Islamic Banks that have implemented GCG according to the rules of Bank Indonesia. This research is associative to see the relationship between the variables of one another. The data used are secondary data from the annual report and corporate governance report published by respectively Islamic Banks 2010-2016 period. Samples collected are 10 Islamic banks by the number N = 60. The results showed that the application of GCG is based on data collected had an average of 1:55 to 2:20 that enter into the category of "Good". This means that the quality of GCG implementation in accordance with the BUS 11 indicators that have been set by Bank Indonesia. The results of the t test (partial test) showed that the quality of GCG implementation significant positive effect on the CAR, NPF and ROA. The quality of GCG implementation negatively affects the ROA and ROE significantly. While the statistical test results apparently GCG implementation does not affect the performance ratio of NIM and FDR.
Assessing the Economies of Scope from Vertical Integration: Empirical Evidence from European Electricity Utilities

In the European electricity sector, transmission grid unbundling has been put into practice, with the aim of promoting competition in the upstream stage of electricity generation. At presence, ownership unbundling is the predominant unbundling form in the EU. However, the benefits from transmission ownership unbundling may come at the cost of lost vertical synergies among the stages of electricity supply. The policy debate generally neglects such potential costs. Hence, European cross-country evidence is needed on this issue. This paper helps to fill this void by investigating the magnitude of economies of vertical integration (EVI) between electricity generation and transmission. We employ novel firm-level panel data of European electricity utilities and estimate a quadratic cost function with seemingly unrelated regression. Our results confirm the presence of substantial EVI, especially for large utilities.
Suicin 90-1330 from a Nonvirulent Strain of Streptococcus suis: a Nisin-Related Lantibiotic Active on Gram-Positive Swine Pathogens

ABSTRACT Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is known to cause severe infections (meningitis, endocarditis, and septicemia) in pigs and is considered an emerging zoonotic agent. Antibiotics have long been used in the swine industry for disease treatment/prevention and growth promoters. This pattern of utilization resulted in the spread of antibiotic resistance in S. suis worldwide. Interestingly, pigs may harbor S. suis in their tonsils without developing diseases, while North American strains belonging to the sequence type 28 (ST28) are nonvirulent in animal models. Consequently, the aim of this study was to purify and characterize a bacteriocin produced by a nonvirulent strain of S. suis serotype 2, with a view to a potential therapeutic and preventive application. S. suis 90-1330 belonging to ST28 and previously shown to be nonvirulent in an animal model exhibited antibacterial activity toward all S. suis pathogenic isolates tested. The bacteriocin produced by this strain was purified to homogeneity by cationic exchange and reversed-phase fast protein liquid chromatography. Given its properties (molecular mass of <4 kDa, heat, pH and protease stability, and the presence of modified amino acids), the bacteriocin, named suicin 90-1330, belongs to the lantibiotic class. Using a DNA-binding fluorophore, the bacteriocin was found to possess a membrane permeabilization activity. When tested on other swine pathogens, the suicin showed activity against Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas it was inactive against all Gram-negative bacteria tested. Amino acid sequencing of the purified bacteriocin showed homology (90.9% identity) with nisin U produced by Streptococcus uberis. The putative gene cluster involved in suicin production was amplified by PCR and sequence analysis revealed the presence of 11 open reading frames, including the structural gene and those required for the modification of amino acids, export, regulation, and immunity. Further studies will evaluate the ability of suicin 90-1330 or the producing strain to prevent experimental S. suis infections in pigs.
Quantification of gross anatomy learning using gaze tracking and electroencephalography (EEG)

The goal of medical educators is to teach their students in a manner that is effective for long-term, accurate knowledge retention, but measurement of long-term retention is difficult. Recent work by our lab has explored the use of gaze tracking to document and measure learning in medical gross anatomy students. In this study we combine gaze tracking and EEG to examine knowledge retention by these students. Medical gross anatomy students (n=22) were asked to identify anatomical structures displayed on a computer screen immediately following the gross anatomy course and again six months after the course ended. In this experiment the participants were instructed to visually fixate on the named structure of interest, or to indicate uncertainty by fixating on the upper left corner of the screen. Immediately after the course ended the students correctly fixated on the structures 70% of the time, incorrectly fixated 26.5% of the time, and indicated uncertainty 3.5% of the time. Preliminary results indicate that six months after the end of the course the students’ performance at this task had not diminished (67% correct, 26% incorrect, 7% uncertain). However, the speed with which the students made their final decision was significantly longer 6 months after the course ended. The average time to identify the structure by fixating for the final time on the region of interest was 2.22s immediately after the course and 3.0s at the 6 month follow up (p<0.001). These results indicate that 6 months after the end of the course the subjects
Acid-base disorders in milk-fed calves with chronic indigestion

Acid-base disorders were investigated in 50 calves with chronic indigestion and metabolic acidosis. In the calves that were unable to stand up, the acidosis was significantly more severe than in the calves that could stand up. The anion gap and four different components of the base excess were calculated by the method described by Fencl. The anion gap was high in more than half of the calves, and it was significantly associated with the base excess due to unidentified anions. However, in seven of the calves, the excess of unidentified anions would not have been detected without the calculations, which made it possible to measure the effect of sodium, chloride, plasma protein and unidentified anions on the acid-base balance. Twenty-four of the calves had a combination of hyperchloraemic and high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Changes in sodium and plasma protein concentrations had a minor impact on the calves' acid-base status.
HireBuild: An Automatic Approach to History-Driven Repair of Build Scripts

Advancements in software build tools such as Maven reduce build management effort, but developers still need specialized knowledge and long time to maintain build scripts and resolve build failures. More recent build tools such as Gradle give developers greater extent of customization flexibility, but can be even more difficult to maintain. According to the TravisTorrent dataset of open-source software continuous integration, 22% of code commits include changes in build script files to maintain build scripts or to resolve build failures. Automated program repair techniques have great potential to reduce cost of resolving software failures, but the existing techniques mostly focus on repairing source code so that they cannot directly help resolving software build failures. To address this limitation, we propose HireBuild: History-Driven Repair of Build Scripts, the first approach to automatic patch generation for build scripts, using fix patterns automatically generated from existing build script fixes and recommending fix patterns based on build log similarity. From TravisTorrent dataset, we extracted 175 build failures and their corresponding fixes which revise Gradle build scripts. Among these 175 build failures, we used the 135 earlier build fixes for automatic fix-pattern generation and the more recent 40 build failures (fixes) for evaluation of our approach. Our experiment shows that our approach can fix 11 of 24 reproducible build failures, or 45% of the reproducible build failures, within comparable time of manual fixes.
On the Factors Influencing the Choices of Weekly Telecommuting Frequencies of Post-secondary Students in Toronto

The paper presents an empirical investigation of telecommuting frequency choices by post-secondary students in Toronto. It uses a dataset collected through a large-scale travel survey conducted on post-secondary students of four major universities in Toronto and it employs multiple alternative econometric modelling techniques for the empirical investigation. Results contribute on two fronts. Firstly, it presents empirical investigations of factors affecting telecommuting frequency choices of post-secondary students that are rare in literature. Secondly, it identifies better a performing econometric modelling technique for modelling telecommuting frequency choices. Empirical investigation clearly reveals that telecommuting for school related activities is prevalent among post-secondary students in Toronto. Around 80 percent of 0.18 million of the post-secondary students of the region, who make roughly 36,000 trips per day, also telecommute at least once a week. Considering that large numbers of students need to spend a long time travelling from home to campus with around 33 percent spending more than two hours a day on travelling, telecommuting has potential to enhance their quality of life. Empirical investigations reveal that car ownership and living farther from the campus have similar positive effects on the choice of higher frequency of telecommuting. Students who use a bicycle for regular travel are least likely to telecommute, compared to those using transit or a private car.