Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The freshwater diaptomid copepod fauna (Crustacea: Copepoda: Diaptomidae) of the Western Ghats of Maharashtra with notes on distribution, species richness and ecology

The diversity of many invertebrate taxa from Western Ghats of Maharashtra remains unknown due to lack of systematic studies. We studied freshwater calanoid copepods from this region, and found eleven species of diaptomid copepods in 180 samples collected from 80 sites in the study area. Most of these are new records for this region. The observed fauna includes Oriental, Gondwanan, Palaearctic and Indian endemic taxa. Locality data for all the observed species, along with notes on some ecological aspects of the sampled sites are provided. Non-parametric estimates of species richness for the region suggested an overall adequacy of sampling effort, and probable missing out of some species from habitats with longer hydroperiod. Hydroperiod, depth, electrical conductivity, altitude, mean annual temperature and latitude largely influenced the distribution of species in the study area. Co-occurrences of species were overall rare but more common in temporary habitats. Assemblages of diaptomid copepods restricted to certain sites were identified. The importance of temporary habitats is discussed in the light of their species richness, faunal composition and the increasing anthropogenic pressures they face.
Why do Europeans steal more than Americans

Property crime is today more widespread in Europe than in the United States, while the opposite was true during the 1970s and 1980s. In this paper we study the determinants of crime in a dynamic general equilibrium model with uninsured idiosyncratic shocks. We focus on Germany, and compute the contribution of various factors to the total change. We find that the most important factor explaining the reversal are changes in the probability of apprehension and prison duration for the United States, and demographic changes for Germany. Changes in labor tax rates and transfers are unimportant for the United States. For Germany they have non-negligible effects, but they go in opposite directions and tend to offset each other.
The Effects of Scale and Process Parameters in Cake Filtration

A well controlled and instrumented apparatus has been used for a systematic investigation of cake growth in pressure leaf filtration. Both incompressible and compressible systems have been filtered over a range of constant pressures to evaluate the effects of applied pressure, initial suspension concentration, time of filtration, particle surface charge (interpreted through suspension pH) and scale of filtration. Sample data show how aqueous calcite and zinc sulphide systems behave in different manners dependent on both the relative magnitudes of the process parameters and apparently on the scale at which a filtration is performed. The data, analysed by consistent procedures through the general filtration equation, indicate that the scale-up ‘constants’ frequently used in filter design may vary with scale and how variations in measured cake properties can be seen as scale is altered. The results are discussed in the context of filter design.
Non-Final Focus Accents in The Speech of Advanced Italian Learners of German

This study investigates the prosodic marking of focus in non-native German. Ten proficient learners of German with Italian L1 were recorded reading aloud 40 sentences containing mostly non-final focused constituents embedded in an adequate question context. Non-final focus accents in L2 German are difficult for Italian learners to produce, especially in broad focus contexts with de-accentuation of final verb forms (cf. Paschke/Vogt, in press), because their native language has a strong positional requirement of rightmostness. Given that both German and Italian use pitch accents for information structuring, i. e. to highlight important information, a correct placement of focus accents might, however, be favoured by narrow focus contexts in which prosodic prominence has to be assigned to one specific constituent. In addition to this main hypothesis, the study investigated whether additional clues (such as prosodic highlighting of the relevant constituent in the L2 question, a corresponding syntactic and prosodic structure between L1 and L2) might increase the success rate. The data shows that advanced Italian speakers of German L2 correctly realize non-final focus accents in more than half of the narrow focus contexts, but that their success rate is not significantly higher than in the broad focus condition and is not affected by the additional clues provided.
The Targeting of Zero-Rated Basic Foodstuffs Under Value-Added Tax (VAT) in South Africa

Abstract Since the inception of VAT in South Africa, various studies have been conducted to investigate the distributional impact of the tax as well as the effectiveness of zero-rating as tool to alleviate the burden on poor households. This paper argues that the targeting of the zero- rated basket can be improved to enhance the intended equity gain. Using the food category of vegetables as a case study, and distinguishing between sub-groups of vegetables, this paper conducts tax incidence analyses to compare the relative burden of VAT on different categories of vegetables for various income groups. The findings suggest that canned vegetables should be included in the zero-rated basket, frozen vegetables should remain zero-rated, but some (not ‘basic’) fresh vegetables should be taxed at the standard rate. It also strongly suggests that the specific items in the zero-rated basket should be reviewed on a regular basis.
A Clinical Report: Mental health, Self-esteem and Social Interaction in Adolescents with CL/P in the Context of Re-constructive Surgery

Background: Self-esteem in children and adolescents with deviances in function and appearance has been studied with diverse results. The effect of cleft lip/ and palate on mental health, self-esteem and social interaction were studied in the context of reconstructive surgery. Comparing parents’ and children’s’ self-esteem reports was also of interest. Exploring these differences could help the understanding of future mental health in patients with CL/P and their need for reconstructive surgery. Methods: A descriptive study within an in-patient setting, Plastic Surgery Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital. Twenty-six CL/P patients between 13 and 19 years of age and their parents answered a specific condition questionnaire specially adapted for this study and Beck’s Youth Inventories the day before reconstructive surgery. Results: Mental health was affected while self-esteem was on a median-high level for this CL/P group. Parents rated their children to have higher self-esteem as they grew older. However, females reported a diminished level from primary to secondary school age. Attention on CLP was high. Twenty-three adolescents, or 85 % of resondents, wanted to change their appearance, Conclusion: Mental health was affected by CL/P, especially for those children that had been bullied. Specifically, the wish to change appearance was associated with high level of anxiety and depression . The specific condition questionnaires proved to be more informative than the standardized measure regarding self-esteem under development for the sake of differentiating between parent-adolescent estimation of self-estee
Successful treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome from hydrofluoric acid inhalation

Hydrofluoric acid HF is an industrial chemical widely used in many industries including industries of the aluminum steel fertilizer glass ceramic and brick In a variety of settings HF is a pollutant usually created in an industrial process Studies showed that concentrated HF contamination may cause a fatal outcome even if small areas of body surface are exposed The case reported here is acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS due to accidental inhalation of HF In cases of refractory hypoxemia extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECMO is becoming an acceptable rescue therapy We believe severe hypoxemic respiratory failure as a result of ARDS caused by inhalation of HF in which venovenous ECMO VV ECMO was used successfully as a bridge to lung recovery has not been previous reported
Spatial dependence of calanoid copepod diversity in the North Atlantic Ocean

Ecosystems are fundamentally structured in space and time. The identification and quantification of scales of variability has occupied a central place in ecology for several decades. This paper examines spatial changes in the diversity of calanoid copepods and its regional dependence in the North Atlantic Ocean at diel, seasonal and interannual scales. Point cumulative semi-variograms, initially proposed for geological purposes, are described and intensively used to understand the relationships between diversity and its spatial scales of variability. A map of the mean spatial dependence in calanoid diversity is then proposed and diel and seasonal changes examined. This shows that diversity changes at small spatial scales over the European shelf seas. In oceanic areas, diversity changes at large spatial scales in both the subarctic and the northern boundary of the subtropical gyres. Low spatial scales of variability are detected in the Gulf Stream extension, in the path of the North Atlantic Current and west of Europe. A negative relationship between diversity and its spatial dependence is found in almost all the oceanic regions. This relationship is constant at all temporal scales. At an annual scale, relationships between diversity, spatial dependence and climatic indices have been investigated. Some links have been detected but both the intensity and the sign of these relationships vary greatly in space. The regime shift that took place in the North Sea after 1988 involved a sharp change in the diversity of calanoid copepods and a significant strengthening in the contrast between the neritic and oceanic spatial dependence.
Large scale land acquisitions and REDD+: a synthesis of conflicts and opportunities

Large scale land acquisitions (LSLA), and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) are both land based phenomena which when occurring in the same area, can compete with each other for land. A quantitative analysis of country characteristics revealed that land available for agriculture, accessibility, and political stability are key explanatory factors for a country being targeted for LSLA. Surprisingly LSLA occur in countries with lower accessibility. Countries with good land availability, poor accessibility and political stability may become future targets if they do not already have LSLA. Countries which high levels of agriculture-driven deforestation and LSLA, should develop interventions which reduce forest loss driven either directly or indirectly by LSLA as part of their REDD+ strategies. Both host country and investor-side policies have been identified which could be used more widely to reduce conflicts between LSLA and REDD+. Findings from this research highlight the need for and can inform the development of national and international policies on land acquisitions including green acquisitions such as REDD+. Land management must be considered with all its objectives—including food security, biodiversity conservation, and climate change mitigation—in a coherent strategy which engages relevant stakeholders. This is not currently occurring and might be a key ingredient to achieve the targets under the Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 15 and 16 (related to food security and sustainable agriculture and the protection of forests) among others.
Relation between the depth of tumor and neck node metastasis in early carcinoma of tongue

Background: Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is one of the aggressive forms of oral cancer with a high recurrence rate. Forty percentages of all TSCC patients have neck metastasis at the time of diagnosis. The status of cervical lymph nodes at presentation is the single most important prognostic factor in TSCC. This study was focused on establishing relation between the tumor depth and neck node metastasis in carcinoma of tongue. Authors accessed the patterns of cervical node metastasis in it. Methods: prospective non-randomised study of 100 patients was carried out. After detail clinical history punch biopsy were taken from the tongue lesion. Biopsy proven cases of early squamous cell carcinoma (T1/T2) with clinically negative neck (cN0) were included in this study. Ultra-sonography of the tongue using 7.5 MHz probe was performed in all cases to know the depth of lesion. Final histopathological findings i.e. pT, pN, differentiation and depth of invasion were compared with pre-operative clinical and radiological findings. Results: Out of 100 patients, 62 were males and 38 were females. Clinically 56 patients were belonged to T2. Ultrasonography of tumor had high sensitivity and specificity. Node positivity increased with the depth of primary tumor. On histopathological examination, positive node observed in total 25 patients. Number of occult neck node positivity raised with increased size of primary tumor. i.e. 15% and 31% with pT1 and pT2, respectively. Level II was the most common site for cervical node involvement followed by level III. Conclusions: Ultra-sonography was a reliable tool to access the depth of tumor pre-operatively in the cases of tongue carcinoma patients with sensitivity and specificity more than 90%. Node positivity increased with the depth of primary tumor. Tumor thickness is a significant predictor of nodal metastasis and elective neck dissection should be decided accordingly.
Allocating Visual Attention: How Relevance to Driving Impacts Attention When Drivers Are Distracted

Use of cell phones while driving, and safety implications thereof, has captured public and scientific interest. Previous research has shown that driver reactions and visual attention are impacted by cell phone use, even when a hands-free device is used. In addition to these effects, Strayer and colleagues also found lower recognition for items present in the driving environment when drivers were using a cellular phone than when not using the phone. Strayer and colleagues used recognition as their primary measure of attention. Relevance to driving may have an impact on how attention is allocated to the environment via eye movements, separate from the impact on recognition memory. The current project used a medium-fidelity driving simulator to extend previous research by investigating how attention is allocated across driving-relevant and -irrelevant objects in the environment. Driving-relevant objects consisted of signs and potential hazards. Driving-irrelevant objects were billboards. Eye movement patterns (primarily measured by number of gazes) were impacted by distraction, and the pattern of gazes also differed across relevance levels, with hazards receiving the most gazes, and signs receiving the fewest. When only considering driving-relevant objects (i.e., signs vs. hazards), the eye movement measures showed an interaction between distraction and relevance. Signs received fewer gazes when drivers were distracted, whereas there was no comparable decrease in gazes to hazards.
Where Consumers Diverge from Others: Identity Signaling and Product Domains

We propose that consumers often make choices that diverge from those of others to ensure that they effectively communicate desired identities. Consistent with this identity-signaling perspective, four studies illustrate that consumers are more likely to diverge from majorities, or members of other social groups, in product domains that are seen as symbolic of identity (e.g., music or hairstyles, rather than backpacks or stereos). In identity domains, participants avoided options preferred by majorities and abandoned preferences shared with majorities. The social group associated with a product influenced choice more in identity domains and when a given product was framed as identity relevant. People diverge, in part, to avoid communicating undesired identities.
Diabetes-Induced Prefrontal Nissl Substance Deficit and the Effects of Neem-Bitter Leaf Extract Treatment

La disfuncion cognitiva es presuntamente asociada con un mal manejo de la diabetes mellitus. En este estudio, se presenta el efecto del tratamiento oral combinado con extracto de hoja (CLE) de hoja de neem amarga sobre la corteza prefrontal de ratas Wistar con diabetes. Las ratas Wistar adultas fueron asignadas al azar a uno de los siguientes grupos: control, diabetes (STZ inducida), STZ + CLE, STZ + metformina y CLE. Despues de la eutanasia, los cortes de parafina de la corteza prefrontal se tineron con violeta de cresil rapido, mientras que el malondialdehido (MDA) y la glutation peroxidasa (GPx) fueron analizadas en homogenizados prefrontales. El CLE produce normoglucemia en las ratas hiperglucemicas tratadas. Ademas, las secciones prefrontales tenidas para Nissl no muestran ningun deficit morfologico en todos los grupos excepto en las ratas diabeticas sin tratamiento. En este ultimo caso, hubo una tincion de Nissl debil, mientras que la MDA prefrontal fue significativamente mas alta en comparacion con los grupos de ratas control y las tratadas con CLE (p <0,05). Este estudio mostro que la diabetes mellitus no tratada se asocia con deficit prefrontal de cuerpos de Nissl y estres oxidativo en ratas Wistar. La ausencia de estos deficits en las ratas tratadas CLE, sugiere un efecto neuroprotector del extracto en ratas diabeticas inducidas por estreptozotocina. Esto puede mejorar la funcion cognitiva de la corteza prefrontal en la diabetes mellitus.
DETERMINANT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: CASE FROM INDONESIA

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan bukti empiris pada faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat indeks pengungkapan pertanggungjawaban sosial perusahaan. Indeks pengungkapan pertanggungjawaban sosial perusahaan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan indeks GRI G3.1, yang terdiri dari enam poin utama, yaitu pengaruh ekonomi langsung, hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan, praktik ketenagakerjaan, hak asasi manusia, sosial, dan tanggung jawab untuk produk. Data penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder, yang diperoleh dari laporan tahunan perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 20 perusahaan yang dipilih menggunakan penyempelan acak. Pengamatan yang dilakukan selama periode 2007-2014. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan (saham) pemerintah, spesifikasi perusahaan, dan ukuran perusahaan menjadi penentuan terbaik untuk indeks CSR. Selain itu, teori regulasi yang memprediksi bahwa keterlibatan pemerintah dapat mendorong lebih banyak perusahaan mematuhi aturan yang berlaku, berhasil dikonfirmasi dalam penelitian ini.
Power recovery in the Wingate anaerobic test in girls and women following prior sprints of a short duration

The aim of the study was to compare between girls and women, the recovery of Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) power after two prior sprints of 15 s duration with a short active recovery interval in-between the sprints. Participants with written informed consent were 19 girls (age: 13.6±1.0 yrs; body mass: 51.2±7.6 kg and stature: 1.59±0.06 m) and 21 women (age: 25.1±2.7 yrs; body mass: 57.9±7.7 kg and stature: 1.61±0.05 m). Lower limb muscle mass was determined using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DXA) procedure. Following a standardised warm-up, each participant completed a series of three 15 s WAnTs, with each test separated by a 45 s active recovery interval. WAnT power variables were computed over 1 s time periods and were corrected for the inertia of the cycle ergometer (Monark 834E). Whole blood lactate concentrations (BL) were obtained immediately post warm-up and at three minutes after the completion of the third WAnT. Peak power (PP), expressed in watts per lower limb muscle mass (W·kg-LLMM) were significantly greater in women than in girls in the frrst 15 s WAnT (46.1±10.9 vs. 37.4±2.3 W·kg-LLMM, P<0.05). However mean power (MP) over the first test was not significantly different between the girls and women (33.8±2.1 vs. 34.7±5.9 W·kg-LLMM, P>0.05). Girls were better able to replicate their power achieved in the first WAnT, in the third WAnT than women (mean of the differences±standard deviation of the differences for PP: 84±47 W vs. 174±84 W; MP: 81±45 W vs. 161±65 W, P<0.05). Despite the better recovery in WAnT power in girls during the third 15 s cycle sprint, BL taken at postwarm-up (2.5±0.5 vs. 1.9±0.5 mM·L-, P>0.05), and at three . min post exercise (9.2±1.2 vs. 8.4±1.3 mM·L, P>0.05) were not significantly different in girls and women. (BioLSport 18:45-53, 2001)
The ability of holothurians to select sediment particles and organic matter

Particle selectivity by deposit feeders is an important concept in the ecology of benthic species. The holothurians, as deposit feeders, utilise the organic matter that coats sediment and detritical particles as food. Thus, particle size has been proposed as one resource axis along which niche separation can occur in optimal foraging strategy. Interspecific differences in particle size preference are thought to reduce the interspecific competition among benthic deposit-feeder species. The analyses of the digestive contents of the holothurian species that were sampled in two localities of Algerian shallow water areas are presented. The results illustrate the specificity of each species: holothurians ingesting the coarse and fine sediment [Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa, H. (Roweothuria) poli and H. (H.) stellati], and holothurians selecting fine and very fine sediment [H. (Panningothuria) forskali and H. (Platyperona) sanctori]. Concerning the selectivity of organic matter, H. (P. ) forskali is the most selective species followed by H. (Platyperona) sanctori, H. (H.) tubulosa, H. (H.) stellati and H. (R.) poli. This feeding behaviour is discussed between species and sites.
Grain yield, early growth, and nutrient uptake of no-till soybean as affected by phosphorus and potassium placement.

More information is needed about P and K placement for no-till soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ]. This study evaluated plant responses to P and K fertilization and placement in 10 long-term trials and 11 short-term trials in Iowa from 1994 to 1997. Treatments were various P and K rates broadcast, banded with the planter, and deep banded (at a 15 to 20-cm depth). Measurements were plant weight, P uptake, and K uptake at the V5 stage and grain yield. Phosphorus fertilization increased yield when soil-test P (STP) was less than 9 mg P kg -1 (Bray-P,) at a 0- to 15-cm depth or 12 mg P kg -1 at a 0- to 7.5-cm depth. The P placement did not influence yield. The band K placements produced slightly higher yield than the broadcast placement. Responses to K were not related to soil-test K (STK) levels, which varied from 90 to 262 mg K kg -1 (ammonium acetate), or stratification. The P or K placement had little influence on early growth but influenced early P and K uptake. Banding with the planter was more effective than broadcasting for P uptake, and the two hand placements were more effective for K uptake. Only the responses of K uptake and grain yield to banded K were correlated across sites. A shallow sampling depth will improve only slightly the prediction of response to P. The observed small no-till soybean yield response to banded K would seldom offset increased application costs in similar soils.