Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Evaluation, Surgery, And Follow‐Up Of 250 Patients

Although much has been written about the surgical technique of functional endoscopic sinus surgery, little has appeared about its long‐term results. Two hundred fifty patients underwent endoscopic nasal office evaluations and subsequent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (42 unilateral + 208 bilateral = 458 procedures) for nasal polypo‐sis and chronic sinusitis from January 1986 to June 1988. Immediate postoperative data indicated that 8.3% developed minor complications and 0.7% developed major complications. Two hundred twenty‐one patients were available for long‐term follow‐up at 12 to 42 months (mean = 17 months) with success rates of 89.7% for relief of sinonasal polyposis and 80.2% for relief of chronic sinusitis.
Toll-like receptor 3 stimulation causes corticosteroid-refractory airway neutrophilia and hyperresponsiveness in mice.

BACKGROUND RNA virus infections, such as rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus, induce exacerbations in patients with COPD and asthma, and the inflammation is corticosteroid refractory. The main aim of this study is to establish a murine model induced by a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist, an RNA virus mimic, and investigate the response to corticosteroid. METHODS A/J mice were given polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]), a TLR3 agonist, intranasally, in the presence or absence of cigarette smoke exposure. Inflammatory cell accumulation and C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL) 1, interferon (IFN), and CXCL10 production in BAL fluid (BALF) were determined by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to histamine/methacholine was determined by a two-chambered, double-flow plethysmography system. BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice were also used for comparisons. RESULTS Intranasal treatment of poly(I:C) significantly induced airway neutrophilia; production of CXCL1, IFN-β, and CXCL10; and necrotic cell accumulation in BALF. It also increased airway responsiveness to histamine or methacholine inhalation. This poly(I:C)-dependent airway inflammation and AHR was not inhibited by the corticosteroid fluticasone propionate (FP) (up to 0.5 mg/mL intranasal), although FP strongly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (TLR4 agonist)-induced airway neutrophilia. Furthermore, cigarette smoke exposure significantly increased TLR3 expression in murine lung tissue and exacerbated poly(I:C)-induced neutrophilia and AHR. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TLR3 stimulation is involved in corticosteroid-refractory airway inflammation in lung, which is enhanced by cigarette smoking, and this may provide a model for understanding virus-induced exacerbations in COPD and their therapy.
Multimodal Imaging Including Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Serpiginous Choroiditis

ABSTRACT Purpose: To report multimodal imaging in patients with serpiginous choroiditis.Methods: A 60-year-old woman with active serpiginous choroiditis in the right eye was evaluated during the disease course with multimodal imaging, which included fluorescein angiography, swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), OCT angiography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and retromode imaging.Results: The patient had subretinal, yellowish lesion on the macula at presentation. The margin of the lesion was remarkable in FAF and retromode imaging. SS-OCT scans revealed slightly thickened hyporeflective space and tiny hyperreflective spots at the choriocapillaris level. OCT angiography demonstrated decreased vascularity on the choriocapillaris. Although the area was partially replaced with irregular capillaris, the photoreceptor defect persisted following systemic corticosteroid therapy.Conclusions: Multimodal imaging shows that inflammation of the choriocapillaris is a main pathology of serpiginous choroiditis. The destruction of the choriocapillaris may lead to the photoreceptor disruption, resulting in permanent visual loss in serpiginous choroiditis.
Fast precalculated triangular mesh algorithm for 3D binary computer-generated holograms.

A new method for constructing computer-generated holograms using a precalculated triangular mesh is presented. The speed of calculation can be increased dramatically by exploiting both the precalculated base triangle and GPU parallel computing. Unlike algorithms using point-based sources, this method can reconstruct a more vivid 3D object instead of a "hollow image. " In addition, there is no need to do a fast Fourier transform for each 3D element every time. A ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator is used to display the binary hologram within our experiment and the hologram of a base right triangle is produced by utilizing just a one-step Fourier transform in the 2D case, which can be expanded to the 3D case by multiplying by a suitable Fresnel phase plane. All 3D holograms generated in this paper are based on Fresnel propagation; thus, the Fresnel plane is treated as a vital element in producing the hologram. A GeForce GTX 770 graphics card with 2 GB memory is used to achieve parallel computing.
Distal Ingrowth Components

The literature documents that distal ingrowth fixation provides a reproducible, durable option that can be used in many femoral revision situations. In this review, we describe our use of cylindrical, extensively porous-coated stems to achieve distal fixation. The procedure involves choosing 5 cm to 7 cm of diaphyseal bone and reaming it cylindrically for a porous-coated femoral stem. Surgical implantation is uncomplicated because the femoral diaphysis aligns the component and imparts a reproducible press-fit sensation during impaction. The complications are well documented and can be avoided with adequate exposure, intraoperative radiographs, and surgical experience. Survivorship data based on femoral revisions done at our institution with extensively porous-coated stems show overall excellent results although a relatively poorer outcome is associated with patients whose prerevision cortical damage involves bone more than 10 cm below the lesser trochanter.
Effects of Well‐Defined Ischemia on Myocardial Lysosomal and Microsomal Enzymes in a Canine Model

We have used a new technique for extraction of myocardial membranes (0.25 M sucrose, 0.6 M KC1) to isolate particulate and soluble proteins and enzymatic activities in an effort to quantify changes characteristic of progressive ischemia. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured with microspheres (15 fiia diameter) in all samples of tissue used for assay of proteins and enzymatic activities; MBF to the moderately ischemic areas (M-ischemia) was 53% of control (H-control); MBF to the severely ischemic areas (L-ischemia) was 9% of control. Significant decreases (P< 0.001) in content of protein were seen in all post 1,000 g pellets and supernatant fluids in the L-ischemia zones; particulate lysosomal enzymatic activity was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in all four post 1,000 g pellets (2,500 g to 140,000 g) of the L-ischemic areas (for N-acetylβ-glucosaminidase and β-glucuronidase). The increase in percent free activity of lysosomal enzymes (index of loss of latency) also was highly significant (P < 0.001) in all particulate fractions of the L-ischemic areas. In addition, about 45% of the total activity of the microsomal marker enzyme, rotenone-insensitive NADH cytochrome C reductase (RINCR), was found in the 140,000 g pellet of H-control tissue (9.9 μmol/min per g); this activity fell to 8.1 μmol/min per g in M-ischemic areas (P < 0.001) and to 5.3 μmol/min per g in L-ischemic areas (P < 0.001). This study demonstrates that changes in myocardial proteins, lysosomes, and other membrane-bound enzymes (RINCR) may provide reproducible bichemical parameters for assessing ischemic myocardial injury.
Heavy Metal Levels in Soil, Tomatoes and Selected Vegetables from Morogoro Region, Tanzania

The concentrations of heavy metals of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn were determined in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. butrytis L.), carrot root (Daucus carota L. ), tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculenta Mill. ), onion bulb (Allium cepa L. ) and leafy cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capital capitata L.), and the respective soils from Morogoro region, Tanzania. The accumulated heavy metals were quantified and levels compared to FAO/WHO (2003) and TZS (2007) safety limits for such produce. The methodology involved random sampling, extraction of the metals from the tomatoes, vegetables and soil and determination of heavy metals by using ICP-OEC and GFAAS. The results showed that levels of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn at 90% of the sites in vegetables and tomatoes were above the FAO/WHO limit. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn in all vegetables and tomatoes except Cu were also found to be above this limit therefore advocating a health risk for consumers. Levels of heavy metals in the soils were below the limits of the Tanzanian standard (TZS 972: 2007) and were lower than levels found in vegetables. The bioconcentration factor for Cu recorded 1 for tomatoes and cabbage at Towelo and below 1 for tomatoes and cauliflowers from Mgeta. Cd in onions at Mgeta as well recorded below 1. However, the bioconcentration factor for these heavy metals in vegetables and tomatoes in all other sites were found to be above 1 in all heavy metals an indication of high uptake of heavy metals in the vegetables and tomatoes from the soil. These results suggest that such vegetables and tomatoes might place the consumers at health risk; therefore they are not safe for consumption in their raw state.
Consolidated bioprocessing of highly concentrated jerusalem artichoke tubers for simultaneous saccharification and ethanol fermentation

Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of Jerusalem artichoke tuber (Jat) for ethanol production is one of the most promising options for an alternate biofuel technology development. The technical barriers include the weak saccharolytic enzyme (inulinase) activity of the fermentation strain, and the well mixing of the high viscous fermentation slurry at the highly concentrated Jat loading. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae DQ1 was found to produce relatively large amount of inulinase for hydrolysis of inulin in Jat, and the helical ribbon stirring bioreactor used provided well mixing performance under the high Jat loading. Even a highly concentrated Jat loading up to 35% (w/w) in the helical ribbon bioreactor for CBP was allowed. The results obtained from this study have demonstrated a feasibility of developing a CBP process technology in the helical ribbon bioreactor for ethanol production at a high yield 128.7 g/L and the theoretical yield 73.5%, respectively. This level of ethanol yield from Jat is relatively higher than others reported so far. The results of this study could provide a practical CBP process technology in the helical ribbon bioreactor for economically sustainable alternate biofuel production using highly concentrated inulin containing biomass feedstock such as Jat, at least 35%. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 2606–2615. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Card Sorting Performance and ADHD Symptomatology in Children and Adolescents with Tourette Syndrome

Children and adolescents with Tourette Syndrome (TS) do not have a characteristic neuropsychological profile. Performance on complex cognitive tasks, particularly those associated with executive functioning (EF), has been variable and sometimes contradictory. The high rate of comorbidity of TS with disorders, especially Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), may account for such variability. A group of 57 individuals with TS, aged 8 – 16, was examined on a component of executive functioning in relation to comorbid symptomatology of ADHD. Each participant was evaluated using two EF measures, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the California Card Sorting Test (CCST). Using factor analytic procedures for purposes of data reduction, WCST and CCST measures loaded on different factors. Individuals with TS who had a high rate of ADHD symptomatology did not differ from those with a lower rate of ADHD symptomatology on any measure of card sorting performance.
Induction of actinorhodin production by rpsL (encoding ribosomal protein S12) mutations that confer streptomycin resistance in Streptomyces lividans and Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

A strain of Streptomyces lividans, TK24, was found to produce a pigmented antibiotic, actinorhodin, although S. lividans normally does not produce this antibiotic. Genetic analyses revealed that a streptomycin-resistant mutation str-6 in strain TK24 is responsible for induction of antibiotic synthesis. DNA sequencing showed that str-6 is a point mutation in the rpsL gene encoding ribosomal protein S12, changing Lys-88 to Glu. Gene replacement experiments with the Lys88-->Glu str allele demonstrated unambiguously that the str mutation is alone responsible for the activation of actinorhodin production observed. In contrast, the strA1 mutation, a genetic marker frequently used for crosses, did not restore actinorhodin production and was found to result in an amino acid alteration of Lys-43 to Asn. Induction of actinorhodin production was also detected in strain TK21, which does not harbor the str-6 mutation, when cells were incubated with sufficient streptomycin or tetracycline to reduce the cell's growth rate, and 40 and 3% of streptomycin- or tetracycline-resistant mutants, respectively, derived from strain TK21 produced actinorhodin. Streptomycin-resistant mutations also blocked the inhibitory effects of relA and brgA mutations on antibiotic production, aerial mycelium formation or both. These str mutations changed Lys-88 to Glu or Arg and Arg-86 to His in ribosomal protein S12. The decrease in streptomycin production in relC mutants in Streptomyces griseus could also be abolished completely by introducing streptomycin-resistant mutations, although the impairment in antibiotic production due to bldA (in Streptomyces coelicolor) or afs mutations (in S. griseus) was not eliminated. These results indicate that the onset and extent of secondary metabolism in Streptomyces spp. is significantly controlled by the translational machinery.
Successful implementation of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy at a medical respite facility for homeless patients.

BACKGROUND Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is a safe way to administer intravenous (IV) antimicrobial therapy to patients with the potential to decrease hospital length of stay (LOS). Often, homeless patients with complex infections, who could otherwise be treated as an outpatient, remain in the hospital for the duration of IV antibiotic treatment. Injection drug use (IDU) is a barrier to OPAT. OBJECTIVE To evaluate our experience with administering OPAT to homeless patients at a medical respite facility and determine if patients could complete a successful course of antibiotics. DESIGN Using retrospective chart review, demographics, diagnosis, and comorbidities including mental illness, current IDU, and remote IDU (>3 months ago) were recorded. Surgical, microbiologic, and antimicrobial therapy including route (IV or oral), duration of therapy, and adverse events were abstracted. PARTICIPANTS Homeless patients >18 years old who received OPAT at medical respite after discharge, no exclusions. MAIN MEASUREMENTS Primary outcome was successful completion of OPAT at medical respite. Secondary outcome was successful antimicrobial course completion for a specific diagnosis. RESULTS Forty-six (87%) patients successfully completed a defined course of antibiotic therapy. Thirty-four (64%) patients were successfully treated with OPAT at medical respite. Readmission rate was 30%. The average length of OPAT was 22 days. The cost savings to our institution (using $1500/day inpatient cost) was $25,000 per episode of OPAT. CONCLUSIONS OPAT can be successful in a supervised medical respite setting for homeless patients with the help of a multidisciplinary team, and can decrease inpatient LOS resulting in cost savings. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:531-535. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Initial Characterization of PTH‐Related Protein Gene‐Driven lacZ Expression in the Mouse

The PTHrP gene generates low‐abundance mRNA and protein products that are not easily localized by in situ hybridization histochemistry or immunohistochemistry. We report here a PTHrP‐lacZ knockin mouse in which β‐gal activity seems to provide a simple and sensitive read‐out of PTHrP gene expression.
Rapid Detection of the Chlamydiaceae and Other Families in the Order Chlamydiales: Three PCR Tests

ABSTRACT Few identification methods will rapidly or specifically detect all bacteria in the order Chlamydiales, familyChlamydiaceae. In this study, three PCR tests based on sequence data from over 48 chlamydial strains were developed for identification of these bacteria. Two tests exclusively recognized theChlamydiaceae: a multiplex test targeting theompA gene and the rRNA intergenic spacer and a TaqMan test targeting the 23S ribosomal DNA. The multiplex test was able to detect as few as 200 inclusion-forming units (IFU), while the TaqMan test could detect 2 IFU. The amplicons produced in these tests ranged from 132 to 320 bp in length. The third test, targeting the 23S rRNA gene, produced a 600-bp amplicon from strains belonging to several families in the order Chlamydiales. Direct sequence analysis of this amplicon has facilitated the identification of new chlamydial strains. These three tests permit ready identification of chlamydiae for diagnostic and epidemiologic study. The specificity of these tests indicates that they might also be used to identify chlamydiae without culture or isolation.
Administration of PRN Medications and Use of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in Acute Geropsychiatric Settings

Despite the known risks and the widespread administration of PRN (pro re nata or “as needed”) psychotropic medications in inpatient settings, little is known about their use with hospitalized older adults. This exploratory descriptive study examined the use of PRN psychotropic medications and nonpharmacologic interventions to manage symptoms in older adults hospitalized in two acute care geropsychiatric settings. A retrospective chart audit was conducted. A major finding was the lack of documentation regarding PRN administration. In 81.3% of cases at Site A and 55.3% of cases at Site B, no reason for administration was documented. No medication response was documented in 92.4% of cases at Site A and 47.5% of cases at Site B. No nonpharmacologic interventions were documented for 69% of Site A patients or 64% of Site B patients. To ensure patient safety and to inform best clinical practice, the lack of documentation surrounding administration of PRN medications and nonpharmacologic interventions must be resolved.
Distant recurrence risk following early ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence

At present, the risk factors for distant recurrence among patients with early ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) require further investigation. Early IBTR is defined as occurring within 3 years following the initial surgery. In the current study, 40 patients with early IBTR were examined to determine the risk factors for distant recurrence. A node-positive status at the time of primary surgery and the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy following the primary surgery were significantly correlated with poorer distant disease-free survival (P=0.001 and P=0.002, respectively). Multivariate analyses revealed that the nodal status at the time of primary surgery was an independent predictive factor for distant recurrence (P=0.050). Therefore, the results of the current study revealed that the nodal status at the time of primary surgery was an independent predictive factor for distant recurrence among patients with early IBTR.
Single channel nonstationary stochastic signal separation using linear time-varying filters

Separability of signal mixtures given only one mixture observation is defined as the identification of the accuracy to which the signals can be separated. The paper shows that when signals are separated using the generalized Wiener filter, the degree of separability can be deduced from the signal structure. To identify this structure, the processes are represented on an general spectral domain, and a sufficient solution to the Wiener filter is obtained. The filter is composed of a term independent of the signal values, corresponding to regions in the spectral domain where the desired signal components are not distorted by interfering noise components, and a term dependent on the signal correlations, corresponding to the region where components overlap. An example of determining perfect separability of modulated random signals is given with application in radar and speech processing.
Dopaminergic deficiency and delayed visual evoked potentials in humans

Abnormal delay in visual evoked potential (VEP) could be normalized in 9 of 14 previously untreated parkinsonian patients under the influence of levodopa/carbidopa therapy. In 6 of 11 previously untreated schizophrenic patients the VEP latency became abnormal following therapy with agents known to cause dopaminergic blockade. Besides defects in retrobulbar conduction secondary to demyelination, synaptic dysfunction due to neurotransmitter deficiency or receptor blockade must also be considered as a mechanism underlying VEP delays in humans.
Characterization of oligosaccharides from the chondroitin/dermatan sulfates

Chondroitin and dermatan sulfate (CS and DS) chains were isolated from bovine tracheal cartilage and pig intestinal mucosal preparations and fragmented by enzymatic methods. The oligosaccharides studied include a disaccharide and hexasaccharides from chondroitin ABC lyase digestion as well as trisaccharides already present in some commercial preparations. In addition, other trisaccharides were generated from tetrasaccharides by chemical removal of nonreducing terminal residues. Their structures were examined by high‐field 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, after reduction using sodium borohydride. The main hexasaccharide isolated from pig intestinal mucosal DS was found to be fully 4‐O‐sulfated and have the structure: ΔUA(β1–3)GalNAc4S(β1–4)l‐IdoA(α1–3)GalNAc4S(β1–4)l‐IdoA(α1–3)GalNAc4S‐ol, whereas one from bovine tracheal cartilage CS comprised only 6‐O‐sulfated residues and had the structure: ΔUA(β1–3)GalNAc6S(β1–4)GlcA(β1–3)GalNAc6S(β1–4)GlcA(β1–3)GalNAc6S‐ol. No oligosaccharide showed any uronic acid 2‐sulfation. One novel disaccharide was examined and found to have the structure: GalNAc6S(β1–4)GlcA‐ol. The trisaccharides isolated from the CS/DS chains were found to have the structures: ΔUA(β1–3)GalNAc4S(β1–4)GlcA‐ol and ΔUA(β1–3)GalNAc6S(β1–4)GlcA‐ol. Such oligosaccharides were found in commercial CS/DS preparations and may derive from endogenous glucuronidase and other enzymatic activity. Chemically generated trisaccharides were confirmed as models of the CS/DS chain caps and included: GalNAc6S(β1–4)GlcA(β1–3)GalNAc4S‐ol and GalNAc6S(β1–4)GlcA(β1–3)GalNAc6S‐ol. The full assignment of all signals in the NMR spectra are given, and these data permit the further characterization of CS/DS chains and their nonreducing capping structures.