Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Travel Writing: The Self and the World

Preface Chronology Chapter 1: Narrating Self and Other: A Historical Overview Chaper 2: 'Vain Travellers': James Boswell and the Grand Tour Chapter 3: Victorian Women Travellers, Mary Kingsley Chapter 4: The Modern Psychological Journey, Graham Greene Chaper 5 : Nature-Travel Writing, Peter Matthiessen Chaper 6: 'Splenetic Travellers', V.S. Naipaul Chapter 7: 'Lying Travellers', Bruce Chatwin Chapter 8: Envoi: Writings of Place and the Poetics of Displacement in the Works of Paul Theroux and Roland Barthes Notes and References Bibliographic Essay Recommended Titles Index
Accrual quality : Reversals and cash conversion ∗

We propose and validate a measure of accrual quality based on the extent that accrual innovations convert into future cash flows. This measure is not based on the residual variance of accruals and can therefore separate accrual quality from operating volatility. For firms whose accrual innovations reverse within one year, we find that, on average, a one dollar innovation to accruals translates into 96 cents of cash flow in the subsequent fiscal year. The rate at which accrual innovations convert into cash flow is negatively associated with the likelihood that a firm receives an AAER. ∗Matthew Bloomfield and Joseph Gerakos are at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and Andrei Kovrijnykh is at Arizona State University. We thank Ray Ball, Ilia Dichev, and Doug Skinner for their comments.
Two-photon interference from remote deterministic quantum dot microlenses

A key requirement for implementing photonic quantum information networks is the mutual two-photon interference between photons emitted by spatially separated quantum light sources. In order to up-scale such networks, the deterministic fabrication of efficient sources of single and indistinguishable photons is of crucial importance. So far, few experiments reported on two-photon interference (TPI) from spatially separated QD-based single photon sources, which is required for entanglement swapping, and deterministic sources have been applied only recently [1]. However, narrowband enhancement of photon extraction in high-Q microcavities hinders their application for advanced quantum communication schemes based on polarization entangled photon pairs from the biexciton-exciton radiative cascade.
On the continuous-time algebraic Riccati equation and its closed-form solution

In the present paper we obtain a closed-form solution for the class of continuous-time algebraic Riccati equations (CTARE), whenever the eigenvalues of the A matrix are distinct. The obtained closed-form solution gives insight on issues such as loss of controllability and it might also prove comparable in terms of numerical precision over current solving algorithms. We also consider further extensions of the main result including, for example, a closed-form expression for the optimal regulator gain matrix K. Whenever possible we discuss the connection with earlier and established results.
Folded Petersen cube networks: new competitors for the hypercubes

We introduce and analyze a new interconnection topology, called the k-dimensional folded Petersen (F P/sub k//) network, which is constructed by iteratively applying the cartesian product on the well-known Petersen graph. Our generalization, the folded Petersen cube F P Q/sub n,k/ = Q /sub n/ /spl times/ F P/sub k//, is a product of the n-dimensional binary hypercube (Q/sub n/) and F P/sub k//. The P FQ/sub n,k/ topology provides regularity, node-and edge-symmetry, optimal connectivity (and therefore maximal fault-tolerance), logarithmic diameter, modularity, and permits self-routing and broadcasting algorithms even in the presence of faults. With the same node-degree and connectivity, F PQ/sub n,k/ provides smaller diameter with more nodes and higher packing density than the (n + 3k)-dimensional binary hypercube Q/sub n+3k/. Also F PQ/sub n,k/ admits efficient embeddings of many computationally important structures such as rings, meshes, hypercubes, and several tree-related networks. <<ETX>>
MR imaging study of edema-like change along the optic tract in patients with pituitary region tumors.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Edema-like change along the optic tract commonly occurs in association with craniopharyngiomas. The aim of this study was to clarify whether it occurs in association with other common pituitary region tumors and to elucidate its mechanism as seen on MR images. METHODS Fifty patients with pituitary region tumors that were touching or compressing the optic pathway underwent heavily T2-weighted MR imaging before and after treatment. RESULTS Edema-like change along the optic tract was visible on the images of four of 25 pituitary adenomas, eight of 11 craniopharyngiomas, one germ cell tumor, and one malignant lymphoma and was not visible on the images of seven meningiomas and five Rathke's cleft cysts. After therapeutic decompression of the optic pathway, the edema-like change disappeared and large Virchow-Robin spaces, present under normal conditions, became visible along the optic tract. Comparison of pre- and post-treatment coronal and axial view MR images revealed that the edema-like change had been located at, along, and/or around the large Virchow-Robin spaces along the optic tract. CONCLUSION Edema-like change occurs in association with pituitary region tumors other than craniopharyngiomas. It is related with distension of normally present large Virchow-Robin spaces adjacent to the optic tract. Because Virchow-Robin spaces are speculated to be a drainage route of interstitial fluid into the subarachnoid space, their distension may be related to the fluid retention in and along the Virchow-Robin spaces, the outlet of which into the subpial and/or subarachnoid space(s) is blocked by pituitary region tumors.
Mortality, fertility, and saving in a Malthusian economy

We develop a model of fertility choice by utility maximizing households, based on an explicit notion of intergenerational external effects. In contrast to previous economic literature, we assume that the external effects run from children to parents. This gives rise to a fundamentally different reason for bearing of children, as parents expect to be cared for, at least partially, by their children in their old age. We take the behavior of infant mortality since 1541 as the key exogenous variable and endogeneize the size of the transfer from children to parents by linking it to the endogenous savings and fertility choice of the parents. This generates a dynamic model of a Malthusian society that performs substantially better, qualitatively and quantitatively, than previous economic models of endogenous fertility. (Copyright: Elsevier)
Improving safety-related knowledge, attitude and practices of nurses handling cytotoxic anticancer drug: pharmacists' experience in a general hospital, Malaysia.

BACKGROUND An increasing trend of cytotoxic drug use, mainly in cancer treatment, has increased the occupational exposure among the nurses. This study aimed to assess the change of nurses' safety-related knowledge as well as attitude levels and subsequently to assess the change of cytotoxic drug handling practices in wards after a series of pharmacist-based interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective interventional study with a before and after design requested a single group of 96 nurses in 15 wards actively providing chemotherapy to answer a self-administered questionnaire. A performance checklist was then used to determine the compliance of all these wards with the recommended safety measures. The first and second assessments took 2 months respectively with a 9-month intervention period. Pharmacist-based interventions included a series of technical, educational and administrative support measures consisting of the initiation of closed-system cytotoxic drug reconstitution (CDR) services, courses, training workshops and guideline updates. RESULTS The mean age of nurses was 32.2∓6.19 years. Most of them were female (93.8%) and married (72.9%). The mean knowledge score of nurses was significantly increased from 45.5∓10.52 to 73.4∓8.88 out of 100 (p<0.001) at the end of the second assessment. Overall, the mean practice score among the wards was improved from 7.6∓5.51 to 15.3∓2.55 out of 20 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The pharmacist-based interventions improved the knowledge, attitude and safe practices of nurses in cytotoxic drug handling. Further assessment may help to confirm the sustainability of the improved practices.
Domain Requirements of DnaJ-like (Hsp40) Molecular Chaperones in the Activation of a Steroid Hormone Receptor*

DnaJ-like proteins function in association with Hsp70 molecular chaperones to facilitate protein folding. We previously demonstrated that a yeast DnaJ-like protein, Ydj1p, was important for activation of heterologously expressed steroid hormone receptors (Caplan, A. J., Langley, E., Wilson, E. M., and Vidal, J. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 5251–5257). In the present study, we analyzed Ydj1p function by assaying hormone binding to the human androgen receptor (AR) heterologously expressed in yeast. We analyzed hormone binding in strains that were wild type or deleted for the YDJ1 gene. In the deletion mutant, the AR did not bind hormone to the same extent as the wild type. Introduction of mutant forms of Ydj1p to the deletion strain revealed that the J-domain is necessary but not sufficient for Ydj1p action, and that other domains of the protein are also functionally important. Of three human DnaJ-like proteins introduced into the deletion mutant, only Hdj2, which displays full domain conservation with Ydj1p, suppressed the hormone binding defect of the deletion mutant. By comparison of the domains shared by these three human proteins, and with mutants of Ydj1p that were functional, it was deduced that the cysteine-rich zinc binding domain is important for Hdj2/Ydj1p action in hormone receptor function. A model for the mechanism of DnaJ-like protein action is discussed.
Addressing Pediatric Obesity in Clinic

There is an epidemic of pediatric obesity in the United States. In most cases, there is an excess in the amount of calories consumed, compared with the amount of calories expended. Numerous body systems are affected by pediatric obesity, with complications varying between boys and girls. Behavioral, genetic, and environmental factors affect the ability of children to avoid becoming obese. Primary care physicians should screen for obesity in children as much as possible. Associated risk factors for obesity should be uncovered. Methods of preventing obesity should be discussed routinely with children and their families. Healthy dietary habits are key, and so are family-oriented interventions, such as eating together at dinnertime. One hour of moderate to vigorous activity daily is recommended for children and adolescents. While pediatric bariatric surgery is an option, there are also numerous nonpharmacological and pharmacological measures available as management for pediatric obesity. Family-based approaches, such as reducing screen time, have been very successful. Non–weight-bearing exercises also help children and adolescents expend calories without causing injury to themselves. Family availability, activity preference, and developmental levels should all be considerations when managing pediatric obesity. Motivational interviewing may also be helpful, especially when customized for each specific patient and family. Clinicians will play an increasing role in terms of identifying, treating, and preventing pediatric obesity; measures that can be done in the clinic should be considered more and more.
Initial effects ofthe grounding of the tanker Braer on health in Shetland

Objective-To determine if the oil spillage from the tanker Braer had any immediate health effects on the exposed resident population. Design-Cohort study with a comparison against controls, exposure status being assigned on the basis of geographical location. Setting-Rural Shetland. Subjects-All those resident on or after 5 January 1993 (day 0) within 4 5 km of the site of tanker's grounding. Controls matched for sex and age were drawn from a general practice list 95 km distant. Outcome measures-Demographic details; smoking and alcohol consumption; perception of health and reported presence or absence of specific symptoms; peak expiratory flow; results of haema- tology, liver and renal function tests, and blood and urine toxicology. Results-Of subjects contacted, 420 (66%) exposed people and 92 (68%) controls were studied; 56 non-attenders were surveyed. Principal health effects arose on days 1 and 2 and were headache, throat irritation, and itchy eyes. No significant differences between those exposed and controls were found for any of the biological markers. Toxi- cological studies did not show any exposures that are known to affect human health. Conclusions-The study confirmed the anecdotal reports of certain acute symptoms. No evidence of pulmonary, haematological, renal, or hepatic damage was detected at the population level. Toxicological samples from exposed people did not find levels known to affect human health. Further studies are required to ascertain whether there have been any long term effects on the population.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: a clinical study of 75 patients

AbstractA 3–1/2 year study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteremia was conducted in two large hospitals. The average age of the 75 patients was 59 years, and only five pediatric patients were seen (6.6 percent). Neoplastic disease was present in 34 percent; the remaining patients had complex medical-surgical problems. The urinary and respiratory tracts were the most frequent sources of the bacteremia. Polymicrobial bacteremia occurred in 20 percent. Typically, the patients were febrile (> 102 F), had leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, uremia and abnormal findings on chest roentgenograms. Ecthyma gangrenosum occurred in only one patient. Two thirds of the patients had received one or two antibiotics, most commonly cephalosporins, before bacteremia occurred. Overall mortality was 63 percent and in 31 percent death occurred. Overall mortality was 63 percent and in 31 percent death occurred within 36 hours. Appropriate therapy, gentamicin and/or carbenicillin, was similar in patients receiving one or both drugs. All 20 autopsied patients had bronchopneumonia. In four the pneumonia was homorrhagic and exudative with microabscesses and vascular thromboses. No invasion of the blood vessel walls was detected. Control of the patient's primary disease process combined with prevention of P. aeruginosa colonization appears to be critical to the control of the frequently fatal bacteremia.
Volume adjustment of lung density by computed tomography scans in patients with emphysema

Purpose: To determine how to adjust lung density measurements for the volume of the lung calculated from computed tomography (CT) scans in patients with emphysema. Material and Methods: Fifty patients with emphysema underwent 3 CT scans at 2‐week intervals. The scans were analyzed with a software package that detected the lung in contiguous images and subsequently generated a histogram of the pixel attenuation values. The total lung volume (TLV), lung weight, percentile density (PD), and relative area of emphysema (RA) were calculated from this histogram. RA and PD are commonly applied measures of pulmonary emphysema derived from CT scans. These parameters are markedly influenced by changes in the level of inspiration. The variability of lung density due to within‐subject variation in TLV was explored by plotting TLV against PD and RA. Results: The coefficients for volume adjustment for PD were relatively stable over a wide range from the 10th to the 80th percentile, whereas for RA the coefficients showed large variability especially in the lower range, which is the most relevant for quantitation of pulmonary emphysema. Conclusion: Volume adjustment is mandatory in repeated CT densitometry and is more robust for PD than for RA. Therefore, PD seems more suitable for monitoring the progression of emphysema.
Cardiac conduction disturbances, an underestimated manifestation in ankylosing spondylitis. A 25-year follow-up study of 68 patients.

Cardiac conduction disturbances were found in 22 (33%) of 68 patients during the course of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) of more than 25 years' duration. Complete heart block occurred in six patients, four of whom received a permanent pacemaker and one made a complete recovery. The high prevalence of conduction disturbances in AS in this report, exceeding what has previously been reported, is partly explained by the finding of intermittently occurring atrioventricular blocks.
Tactile–Auditory Shape Learning Engages the Lateral Occipital Complex

Shape is an object property that inherently exists in vision and touch, and is processed in part by the lateral occipital complex (LOC). Recent studies have shown that shape can be artificially coded by sound using sensory substitution algorithms and learned with behavioral training. This finding offers a unique opportunity to test intermodal generalizability of the LOC beyond the sensory modalities in which shape is naturally perceived. Therefore, we investigated the role of the LOC in processing of shape by examining neural activity associated with learning tactile-shape-coded auditory information. Nine blindfolded sighted people learned the tactile–auditory relationship between raised abstract shapes and their corresponding shape-coded sounds over 5 d of training. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, subjects were scanned before and after training during a task in which they first listened to a shape-coded sound transformation, then touched an embossed shape, and responded whether or not the tactile stimulus matched the auditory stimulus in terms of shape. We found that behavioral scores improved after training and that the LOC was commonly activated during the auditory and tactile conditions both before and after training. However, no significant training-related change was observed in magnitude or size of LOC activity; rather, the auditory cortex and LOC showed strengthened functional connectivity after training. These findings suggest that the LOC is available to different sensory systems for shape processing and that auditory–tactile sensory substitution training leads to neural changes allowing more direct or efficient access to this site by the auditory system.
Myxosporidea of some Brazilian freshwater fishes.

Recorded from freshwater fishes of the Amazon region of Brazil are a new species of Myxobolus: M. serrasalmi, from the piranha, Serrasalmus rhombeus, together with Myxobolus sp. from an undescribed species of Serrasalmus and from the tambaqui Colossoma bidens. Agarella gracilis is recorded in the lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa, from Belem. A synopsis of species of Myxobolus from South America is given. While considerable information is available on the Myxosporidea of fishes of the USA, Europe, and Asia, little is known of South American species. In this paper, four myxosporidean parasites are described from freshwater fishes of the Amazon region of Brazil. The fish were collected between July and September 1964, during the Guy's Hospital Expedition to the Lower Amazon. A synopsis of species of the genus Myxobolus described from South America is also given.
Near-infrared polarimetry of the GG Tauri A binary system

A high angular resolution near-infrared image that shows the intensity of polarization for the GG Tau A binary system was obtained with the Subaru Telescope. The image shows a circumbinary disk scattering the light from the central binary. The azimuthal profile of the intensity of polarization for the circumbinary disk is roughly reproduced by a simple disk model with the Henyey-Greenstein phase function and the Rayleigh function, indicating there are small dust grains at the surface of the disk. Combined with a previous observation of the circumbinary disk, our image indicates that the gap structure in the circumbinary disk orbits counterclockwise, but material in the disk orbits clockwise. We propose that there is a shadow caused by material located between the central binary and the circumbinary disk. The separations and position angles of the stellar components of the binary in the past 20 yr are consistent with the binary orbit with a = 33.4 AU and e = 0.34.
Association between periodontitis and the development of systemic diseases

Periodontal diseases, common infectious diseases seen in humans, are characterized by gingival inflammation and a loss of connective tissue and bone around the roots of teeth, which leads to eventual tooth exfoliation. In the past decade, the association between periodontal diseases and the development of systemic diseases has received increasing attention. Periodontal pathogens and their products, as well as inflammatory mediators produced in periodontal tissues, can enter the bloodstream, thereby causing and/ or contributing to the development of systemic diseases. A variety of recent studies have compiled various results showing that periodontal infections are implicated in the development of various systemic diseases. This review summarizes the evolution of the focal infection theory to the current understanding of the pathophysiology of periodontal disease and presents an update of the mechanisms and relationships between chronic periodontitis and systemic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory infections, preterm delivery of low-birth-weight fetuses and diabetes mellitus.
Product Cost-Share: a Catalyst of the Trade Collapse

I study the responsiveness of Slovenian trade during the collapse of 2008-2009 and shed light on channels that enhanced the sensitivity of international trade to the demand shock.The responsiveness of intermediate goods. Trade is found to be associated with the cost-share of inputs; i.e., imports of inputs accounting for a larger cost-share faced a more than proportionate drop in the downturn coupled with a more than proportionate rebound in the recovery. I hypothesise that this is the outcome of larger post-shock inventory adjustments, which higher cost-share intermediates are subject to. This rationale is supported theoretically by a simple (S,s) model of inventory management and, empirically, by reduced form estimations of the main model predictions. Moreover, products’ cost-share is found to be associated with an enhanced reaction of the frequency of shipments at the product level, a proxy for inventory adjustments. Conditioning the results on the type of firm ownership, i.e. intra-firm or arm’s length trade,does not reveal a differential response between the two organisational modes, except for imports of higher cost-share products for which intra-firm trade acted as further catalyst of the collapse.
I. Aids, Loans and Benevolences

In the later Middle Ages English kings borrowed to an increasing extent from their subjects rather than from foreign bankers. This development, often remarked, has usually been interpreted as both a sign and a cause of the Crown's weakness. Dependence on its subjects' goodwill is thought to have compromised the Crown's political authority, while its financial embarrassment enabled subjects to make a profit at the Crown's expense. Repeated borrowing thus brought not only an inexorable decline into insolvency, but increasing distrust of the Crown's promises and contempt for its rule. Such an interpretation derives much of its force from the view usually taken of these loans. They were, we are told, not ‘forced’ but freely made; not offered disinterestedly, but for profit.