Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of structure formation in minimally and non-minimally coupled quintessence models

We study structure formation in non-minimally coupled dark energy models, where there is a coupling in the Lagrangian between a quintessence scalar field and gravity via the Ricci scalar. We consider models with a range of different non-minimal coupling strengths and compare these to minimally coupled quintessence models with time-dependent dark energy densities. The equations of state of the latter are tuned to either reproduce the equation of state of the non-minimally coupled models or their background history. Thereby they provide a reference to study the unique imprints of coupling on structure formation. We show that the coupling between gravity and the scalar field, which effectively results in a time-varying gravitational constant G, is not negligible and its effect can be distinguished from a minimally coupled model. We extend previous work on this subject by showing that major differences appear in the determination of the mass function at high masses, where we observe differences of the order of 40 per cent at z = 0. Our new results concern effects on the non-linear matter power spectrum and on the lensing signal (differences of ≈10 per cent for both quantities), where we find that non-minimally coupled models could be distinguished from minimally coupled ones.
The Rise of Part-Time Employment

We construct new monthly time series of U.S. labor market stocks and flows from 1976 onwards. These data reveal an upward secular trend in turnover between full-time and part-time employment, and a large cyclical component chiefly explained by fluctuations in involuntary part-time work. Both short-run and long-run reallocations occur mostly without an intervening spell of non-employment, and therefore cannot be uncovered without splitting employment into finer categories. We emphasize the importance of our findings for several active debates, such as the slowdown in U.S. labor-market dynamism, changes in job stability and security, and the assessment of labor-market slack.
Rhizocephalan Parasites of Mud Crabs in South Carolina Estuaries

Rhizocephalan parasites often infect commercially important crustacean species such as the blue crab ( Callinectes sapidus ). In this experiment, the prevalence of rhizocephalan parasites was determined by sampling mud crabs ( Panopeus herbstii ) in three different locations; Huntington Beach State Park, Waites Island, and Murrells Inlet. Crabs were determined to be parasitized by the presence of an externae extruding from their apron. Unparasitized crabs were also collected to serve as a control group. The externa were removed and DNA extractions were performed. Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were done to prove whether the crabs were parasitized by Loxothylacus texanus or Loxothylacus panopaei . Results show that all the crabs with externae were infected by a form of Loxothylacus . The unparasitized crabs that were sampled for control also tested positive for Loxothylacus infection. The restriction digests’ results showed that some of the crabs were infected by L . texanus , which is supposed to be specific only to the blue crab ( Callinectes sapidus). Its range is also supposed to be limited to Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, but these crabs were sampled well above that range.
Comparative Analysis between Manual and Digital Cephalometric Tracing

Cephalometric radiography is an important tool in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment planning and evaluation. The study is a comparative analysis between manual and digital cephalometric tracing to establish whether there is a statistically significant difference in the measured angular values. Materials and methods: 34 cephalograms were traced in 3 different methods manual and digital using 2 different software programs. The manual cephalometric analyses were traced using x-ray lightbox, 0.5 mm HB pencil and protractor. For the digital profile analyses, cephalograms were scanned and traced with 3Txer 2.6. 0.Inc (Korea) and OrthoDental (Bulgaria) software programs. All the analyses were performed by one operator 2 times within 30 days. Data from the three methods was processed by statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 and level of significance p<0.05. Results: The results showed closer values between the digital tracing with 3Txer and Orthodental to manual tracing. The greatest relative difference (4.2%) occurred in the measurements of M/Occ angle, followed by the M/F angle (3.8%). The smallest relative difference was established in i/M angle (0.4%). Conclusion: The used comparative analysis showed there was no statistically significant difference between the number of maximal error between the three different methods.
Factors Associated With Early Adiposity Rebound

Objective. The age at which body mass index (BMI) increases after its nadir in childhood, adi- posity rebound (AR), is a critical period for the develop- ment of obesity. Children with early AR are at substan- tially increased risk of adult obesity. Few studies have examined the factors that influence the timing of the AR. The aims of this study were to test for influences on the timing of the AR, and to test the hypothesis that early AR is promoted by high-protein intake. Design and Participants. Longitudinal cohort study of 889 children representative of the United Kingdom, followed from birth to 5 years. Main Outcome Measures. We tested for differences in dietary intake, parental BMI, socioeconomic status, and childhood BMI between 3 groups of children character- ized by the following: very early AR (at or before 43 months), early AR (from 49 but before 61 months), and later AR (after 61 months). Results. There was no evidence of associations be- tween dietary protein intake, or any other dietary vari- able, and timing of the AR. Children with very early AR and early AR had parents with significantly higher BMI, and were significantly more likely to have at least 1 obese parent. Conclusion. This study does not support the hypoth- esis that early AR is promoted by high-protein intake. None of the dietary variables tested were significantly associated with timing of the AR, and timing of AR was not associated with socioeconomic status. Parental obe- sity was associated with an earlier AR. Pediatrics 2000; 105:1115-1118; obesity, child, body mass index, macronu- trients, adiposity rebound.
Environmental Effects on the Electrical Characteristics of Back-Gated WSe2 Field-Effect Transistors

We study the effect of polymer coating, pressure, temperature, and light on the electrical characteristics of monolayer WSe2 back-gated transistors with Ni/Au contacts. Our investigation shows that the removal of a layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or a decrease of the pressure change the device conductivity from p- to n-type. From the temperature behavior of the transistor transfer characteristics, a gate-tunable Schottky barrier at the contacts is demonstrated and a barrier height of ~70 meV in the flat-band condition is measured. We also report and discuss a temperature-driven change in the mobility and the subthreshold swing that is used to estimate the trap density at the WSe2/SiO2 interface. Finally, from studying the spectral photoresponse of the WSe2, it is proven that the device can be used as a photodetector with a responsivity of ~0.5 AW−1 at 700 nm and 0.37 mW/cm2 optical power.
PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL BY FED-BATCH FERMENTATION

The production of ethanol, from glucose in batch and fed batch culture, was investigated. In the fed batch culture, the glucose feeding was added into the culture at 16th hour of fermentation. The effects of different glucose concentration feeding rates on ethanol fermentation were investigated for fed batch culture. The 2gL-1hr-1 glucose concentration feeding rate was found to give higher ethanol yield (2.47 g ethanol g glucose-1), with respect to substrate consumed as compared to 8 gL-1hr-1 (0.23 g ethanol g glucose-1) and 4 gL-1hr-1 (0.20 g ethanol g glucose-1). The ethanol yield with respect to substrate consumed obtained in batch culture was 0.81 g ethanol g glucose-1. The fed batch culture at 2 gL-1hr-1 glucose concentration feeding rate was proven to be a better fermentation system than the batch culture. The specific growth rate, specific glucose consumption rate and specific ethanol production rate for the fed batch fermentation, at 2 gL-1hr-1 glucose concentration feeding rate, were 0.065 hr-1, 1.20 hr-1 and 0.0009 hr-1, respectively.
Pregnancy Spacing among Saudi Married Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia

Aim of Study: To assess practices of pregnancy spacing among Saudi women attending primary care centers in AlMadinah City, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) of Al-Madinah City. The study population comprised women aged 18-49 years, registered at PHCCs of Al-Madinah during the study period (February-May 2013). Results: The Mean±SD for age of participants was 31.26 ± 6.96 years. One third of participants (35.4%) were university graduates while 28.8% had secondary level of education. Almost all participants (99.1%) could describe at least one method for contraception, while 91.9% expressed positive attitude toward pregnancy spacing. About three quarters of participants (75.5%) were using a contraceptive method. Knowledge, attitude and practice of participants regarding pregnancy spacing were significantly determined by participants' educational level ( p<0.001, p =0.007 and p =0.005, respectively). Practice of pregnancy spacing was significantly determined by higher knowledge about contraceptives ( p < 0.001) and having a positive attitude toward pregnancy spacing (p<0.001).
Evaluation of antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potential of Nelumbo nucifera seeds in diabetic rats

The present study was aimed at evaluating antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of nuciferin and norcoclaurine constituents of N. nucifera seeds, a well-known medicinal plant. The alloxan (100 mg/kg b.w) induced diabetic rats (200-250 g) were divided into seven groups (n = 6). Group I; normal control, Group II; diabetic control, Group III; standard, Group lV-VII were fed with methanolic crude extracts (100, 200 mg/kg), nuciferin and norcoclaurine (10 mg/kg b.w.), received for 15 days in dose dependent manner. The study included different parameters; examination of oral glucose, fasting blood glucose, serum lipid profile and checking for body weight changes. In oral glucose examination, within 60 and 80 min of treatment, extracts, nuciferin and norcoclaurine significantly reduced blood glucose (p<0.05) and restored body weight in diabetic rats. Alloxan- induced diabetic rats showed 30-50% reduction of blood glucose level (p<0.05) and recovered 5-20% body weight at day 15 after ingestion of crude extracts (100-200 mg/kg b.w.); and nuciferin and norcoclaurine (each at 10 mg/kg b.w.). It also recovered significantly elevated biochemical parameters such as triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), serum urea and creatinine. Our findings indicated that N. nucifera seeds possess significant antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity in diabetic rats.
Quinn, Neil and Knifton, Lee (2014) Beliefs, stigma and discrimination associated with mental health problems in Uganda : implications for theory

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Giant Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia: A Rare Cause of Prepatellar Bursitis and Review of its Unusual Presentations

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia or epithelioid haemangioma is a rare benign vascular proliferative disorder usually affecting the scalp, face and neck and rarely reported in peripheral locations. Differentiation from Kimura disease, tuberculoma and Kaposi sarcoma is of utmost importance. The literature has no consensus in the treatment due to the paucity of cases reported. The recurrence rate has varied between 5-55% with the least rates reported after surgical excision. We report in a 15-year boy, a giant sized epithelioid haemangioma occurring as left prepatellar bursa swelling and presenting with a diagnostic dilemma. He underwent excision and wide marginal clearance and no adjuvants. He had no recurrence in a follow-up period of two years. We report this case in view of its varied presentation of this pathology and also review the cases of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia having unusual presentations and its current management.
Extreme Cold Winter Temperatures in Europe under the Influence of North Atlantic Atmospheric Blocking

North Atlantic atmospheric blocking conditions explain part of the winter climate variability in Europe, being associated with anomalous cold winter temperatures. In this study, the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution isfitted tomonthlyminimaof Europeanwinter6-hourlyminimumtemperatures fromthe ECHAM5/MPI-OM global climate model simulations and the ECMWF reanalysis product known as ERA40, with an indicator for atmospheric blocking conditions being used as covariate. It is demonstrated that relating the location and scale parameter of the GEV distribution to atmospheric blocking improves the fit to extreme minimum temperatures in large areas of Europe. The climate model simulations agree reasonably with ERA-40 in the present climate (1961‐2000). Under the influence of atmospheric blocking, a decrease in the 0.95th quantiles of extreme minimum temperatures can be distinguished. This cooling effect of atmospheric blocking is, however, diminished in future climate simulations because of a shift in blocking location, and thus reduces the chances of very cold winters in northeastern parts of Europe.
Intraspecific genetic analysis of the summer tanager Piranga rubra: implications for species limits and conservation

The summer tanager Piranga rubra is a Neotropical migrant that has experienced noted declines in the southwestern United States caused by extensive habitat loss of native riparian woodlands. This species is composed of two morphologically and behaviorally distinct taxa that traditionally have been recognized as subspecies, each occupying unique habitats in the southern part of North America. Genetic analyses of intraspecific variation are important in studies of threatened or endangered species because they can indicate whether smaller management units exist below the species level and they also provide estimates of within population variability. Using a mitochondrial DNA marker, the intraspecific genetic variation of this species is explored to determine whether the morphologically and behaviorally distinct subspecies are also genetically unique. By using traditional phylogenetic methods and building haplotype networks, results from this study indicate that the subspecies represent two phylogenetic species and should be managed as separate units. In addition, the level of gene flow among geographically isolated populations of the western subspecies is explored using Nested Clade Phylogeographic Analysis and population genetic tests. These analyses show that populations are genetically diverse and that haplotypes are shared across populations. Newly colonized populations are as diverse as older populations. This suggests that as habitat degrades in traditional breeding areas of the summer tanager, if suitable habitat elsewhere becomes available for new populations, these new colonies should be genetically diverse.
Onset of water stress, hysteresis in plant conductance, and hydraulic lift: Scaling soil water dynamics from millimeters to meters

Estimation of water uptake by plants and subsequent water stress are complicated by the need to resolve the soil‐plant hydrodynamics at scales ranging from millimeters to meters. Using a simplified homogenization technique, the three‐dimensional (3‐D) soil water movement dynamics can be reduced to solving two 1‐D coupled Richards' equations, one for the radial water movement toward rootlets (mesoscale, important for diurnal cycle) and a second for vertical water motion (macroscale, relevant to interstorm timescales). This approach allows explicit simulation of known features of root uptake such as diurnal hysteresis in canopy conductance, hydraulic lift, and compensatory root water uptake during extended drying cycles. A simple scaling analysis suggests that the effectiveness of the hydraulic lift is mainly controlled by the root vertical distribution, while the soil moisture levels at which hydraulic lift is most effective is dictated by soil hydraulic properties and surrogates for atmospheric water vapor demand.
Frequency of H. pylori Antibodies among Patients with Gastrointestinal Symptoms Attending Khartoum Teaching Hospital- Sudan

A total of 90 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, and who attended Khartoum Teaching Hospital during the period from April to October 2012, were enrolled in this study. Out of them 35 (38.9%) were males and 55 (61.1%) were females, their age ranges from 15-60 years with mean (33.2). The aim of this study was to detect frequency of Helicobacter pylori IgM, IgG antibodies, and to determine the relationship between the presence of antibodies and certain factors such as (sex, age and genetic susceptibility). 90 serum specimens were collected from patients, and analyzed by ELISA technique. The results showed that 19 (21.1%), 57 (63.3%) were positive for IgM antibody and IgG respectively, while 15 (16.7%) were positive for both. Females were more affected than males, high frequency of positive results was observed among 15-30 age groups. Statistical analysis showed that there was insignificant correlation between age, gender, genetic susceptibility and presence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies (P >0.05).
Off-Track Profs: Nontenured Teachers in Higher Education

Much attention has been paid to the increasing proportion of non-tenure-track faculty--adjuncts, lecturers, and others--in American higher education. Critics charge that universities exploit "contingent faculty" and graduate students, engaging in a type of bait and switch to attract applicants (advertising institutional standing based on distinguished faculty who seldom teach undergraduates), and as a result provide undergraduates with an inadequate educational experience. This book, by two experienced academic administrators, investigates the expanding role of part-time and non-tenure-track instructors in ten elite research universities and the consequences of this trend for the quality of the educational experience, the functioning of the university, and the excellence of the academic environment. The authors discover, to their surprise, that the existing data on the workforce in higher education is ambiguous (different institutions use different terms for non-tenure track instructors; some even omit them from faculty data reports), making comparisons suspect. Many academic administrators are unaware of the tenured/nontenured breakdown of their own faculties and the hiring practices of their own universities. The authors look closely at the teaching workforce at Berkeley, Illinois, Michigan, Virginia, Washington, Cornell, Duke, MIT, Northwestern, and Washington University, believing that these outstanding universities provide a strong test case of resistance to pressures on the traditional tenure system. They describe hiring trends and what drives them, explain why they matter if we want to improve undergraduate education, support collegiality on campus, trust in academic governance, prevent the erosion of tenure, and preserve America's global leadership in higher education.
Three‐dimensional spectroscopy of local luminous compact blue galaxies: kinematic maps of a sample of 22 objects

We use three-dimensional optical spectroscopy observations of a sample of 22 local luminous compact blue galaxies (LCBGs) to create kinematic maps. By means of these, we classify the kinematics of these galaxies into three different classes: rotating disc (RD), perturbed rotation (PR) and complex kinematics (CK). We find 48 per cent are RDs, 28 per cent are PRs and 24 per cent are CKs. RDs show rotational velocities that range between similar to 50 and similar to 200 km s(-1), and dynamical masses that range between similar to 1 x 10(9) and similar to 3 x 10(10) M(circle dot). We also address the following two fundamental questions through the study of the kinematic maps: (i) What processes are triggering the current starburst in LCBGs? We search our maps of the galaxy velocity fields for signatures of recent interactions and close companions that may be responsible for the enhanced star formation in our sample. We find that 5 per cent of objects show evidence of a recent major merger, 10 per cent of a minor merger and 45 per cent of a companion. This argues in favour of ongoing interactions with close companions as a mechanism for the enhanced star formation activity in these galaxies. (ii) What processes may eventually quench the current starbust in LCBGs? Velocity and velocity width maps, together with emission line ratio maps, can reveal signatures of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) activity or supernova (SN)-driven galactic winds that could halt the current burst. We find only 5 per cent of objects with clear evidence of AGN activity and 27 per cent with kinematics consistent with SN-driven galactic winds. Therefore, a different mechanism may be responsible for quenching the star formation in LCBGs. Finally, from our analysis, we find that the velocity widths of RDs, rather than accounting exclusively for the rotational nature of these objects, may account as well for other kinematic components and may not be good tracers of their dynamical masses.
Indirect Inference Estimation of Nonlinear Dynamic General Equilibrium Models : With an Application to Asset Pricing under Skewness Risk

This paper proposes a nonlinear impulse-response matching procedure explicitly designed to estimate nonlinear dynamic models, and illustrates its applicability by estimating a macro-fi nance model of asset pricing under skewness risk. As auxiliary model, a new class of nonlinear vector autoregressions (NVAR) based on Mittnik (1990) is proposed.