Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Truth and Speaker Knowledge When Utterances Are Not Maximally True

Speakers frequently deliver utterances expressing propositions that do not adequately capture the state of the actual world. Such utterances need not be blatantly false statements; for example, they may be exaggerations (hyperboles) or metaphors, or may be partially true in that they express some information that is true but some information that is false. This last type of utterance is especially interesting, because when an utterance contains both true and false information, or expresses a proposition that holds true only in a restricted part of the world, it may be unclear how to assign a truth value to such an utterance, or how to evaluate what such an utterance indicates about the speaker’s knowledge of the world. There are two ways in which an utterance could be both true and false: conjunction of a true and false utterance, and plural descriptions violating homogeneity. Speaking strictly at a level of propositional logic, if a true proposition is conjoined with one that is false, then the output yields a false valuation. For example, to say of (1a) and (1b) below that the sentence in (2a) The circles are black and the squares are white is clearly false. Correspondingly, such a truth value should be uncontroversially assessed as false by adults.
Soil fertility status in relation to fallow cycles and landuse practices in shifting cultivated areas of Chandel district Manipur, India.

Shifting cultivation is the major cultivation in hilly region of North-Eastern India. Shifting cultivation cycles and landuses practices of shifting cultivated area of are considerably related. Fertility status of owing to the shrunk of jhum cycle (2-3 years); resulted deterioration of in soil health and ecological imbalance. So to keep shifting cultivation a sustainable farming system, we examine the relationship between fallow cycles (0-1, 3-5years, 5-7 years, 8-10 years and 12 years) and improved/alternated landuses (intermittent agriculture, agroforestry, abandoned jhum land) in relation to fertility status in shifting cultivated area of Chandel district of Manipur, India. In all landuses short term fallow cycle (3-5 years) deteriorated soil fertility attributes by significant reduction in soil pH, organic carbon and available and total major nutrients. With the increased of fallow cycles (>8 years) its fertility status in all the landuses were significantly restored except intermittent agriculture due to irregular crop fallow rotation. Among the landuses, abandoned jhum land were relatively stable in restoring soil in 5-7 years fallow cycle onwards due to sufficient surface coverage, lack of anthropogenic intervention and internal regulation. Soil restoration starts from 8-10 years onwards in agroforestry system dominated with soil enriching pulse crops and deep rooted nitrogen fixing trees and was remarkable improved from 25 years old pine dominated undisturbed secondary forest ecosystem. Therefore, adoption of improved appropriate landuses in combination with optimum fallow cycles 5-7 years more and proper combination of soil enriching crops and tress have the significant potential in restoring soil fertility status and sustain production in degraded jhum land of northeastern India.
Finding related sentences in multiple documents for multidocument discourse parsing of Brazilian Portuguese texts

Based on Cross-document Structure Theory (CST), we investigate the problem of finding related sentences from multiple documents on the same topic. We test some lexical similarity measures from related literature and improve them with language specific resources. The conclusions are that for Portuguese a different measure from English is the best one and that the knowledge resources we use affect the results in different ways.
A review on the study of the generation of (nano)particles aerosols during the mechanical solicitation of materials

This paper focuses on presenting the forefront of the interdisciplinary studies conceived towards the generation of the wear particles aerosol when materials are subjected tomechanical stresses. Various wear mechanisms and instrumentation involved during stress application and aerosolization of wear particles, as well as particles characterization, measurement, and modeling techniques are presented through the investigation of a series of contextual works which are emphasized on the identification of these aspects. The review is motivated from the fact that understanding mechanisms involved in wear-induced particle generation, both at nanoand at microscale, is important for many applications that involve surfaces sliding over each other due to various potential health aspects. An attempt has been made to explain how the information based on this broad spectrum of subjects discovered in this contribution can be used and improved in order to produce a more resilient, rational, and versatile knowledge base which has been found lacking in the present literature during its survey. The area of study is highly multidisciplinary since it involves aerosol, particle, and material sciences.
Self-Selection into Circular Migration: Evidence from linked Finnish and Swedish Register Data

: Circular migration in a setting of free mobility has received increasing attention among policy makers. However, to date we know relatively little about the mechanisms underlying circular migration. In this paper, we try to fill the gap in the literature by analysing circular migration between Finland and Sweden using unique linked register data. The data set covers the years 1987-2005 and provides information on individuals in Finland and Sweden, thus allowing us to follow migrants across national borders. We use event history analysis to assess (1) the effect of previous migration experience on the likelihood to circulate and (2) migrants’ self-selection into circular migration by gender, social and human capital. Our study shows that the probability of moving again increases with every move. Moreover, selection into circular migration resembles that of the first emigration and return. Selection into emigrations differs from returns, even when migrants have moved multiple times.
Knowing that strawberries are red and seeing red strawberries: the interaction between surface colour and colour knowledge information

ABSTRACT This study investigates the interaction between surface and colour knowledge information during object recognition. In two different experiments, participants were instructed to decide whether two presented stimuli belonged to the same object identity. On the non-matching trials, we manipulated the shape and colour knowledge information activated by the two stimuli by creating four different stimulus pairs: (1) similar in shape and colour (e.g. TOMATO–APPLE); (2) similar in shape and dissimilar in colour (e.g. TOMATO–COCONUT); (3) dissimilar in shape and similar in colour (e.g. TOMATO–CHILI PEPPER) and (4) dissimilar in both shape and colour (e.g. TOMATO–PEANUT). The object pictures were presented in typical and atypical colours and also in black-and-white. The interaction between surface and colour knowledge showed to be contingent upon shape information: while colour knowledge is more important for recognising structurally similar shaped objects, surface colour is more prominent for recognising structurally dissimilar shaped objects.
Awareness about Effects of Tobacco on Oral and General Health : A Questionnaire Study

The aim and objectives of the study was to assess awareness of effects of tobacco on oral health, general health and oral cancer in routine dental practice and to assess awareness of effects of tobacco among smokers and smokeless tobacco users. (iii) To assess awareness of effects of tobacco among current and past users of tobacco. A selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect information from 250 outpatients attending the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India with present or past history of smokeless or smoking form of tobacco. The questionnaire was divided into four parts demographic data, habits, awareness and practice of mouth self-examination. Data was analysed using Chi-squared (χ2) test. Out of 250 patients, nearly 112 people were found to be aware of effects of tobacco on oral and general health. Among smokers and smokeless users, smokers were found to be more aware of fact that smoking can cause mouth cancer, heart disease and lung disease as compared to smokeless users with significant p-value of 0.034, 0.014 and 0.039 respectively. Among current and past users of tobacco, past users were found to be more aware about various ill-effects of tobacco as compared to current users. However, 83 smokers, 110 smokeless users were found to be unaware of any precancerous changes occurring in mouth due to tobacco with p-value of 0.909 and similar results were also found among 34 past ,159 current users with pvalue of 0.378. This survey revealed that the patients who were smokers and past users of tobacco were found to be more aware of effects of tobacco on oral and general health as compared to smokeless and current users. However, awareness about pre-cancer was relatively low among all the groups of patients.
A Robust Method for Strong Rolling Shutter Effects Correction Using Lines with Automatic Feature Selection

We present a robust method which compensates RS distortions in a single image using a set of image curves, basing on the knowledge that they correspond to 3D straight lines. Unlike in existing work, no a priori knowledge about the line directions (e.g. Manhattan World assumption) is required. We first formulate a parametric equation for the projection of a 3D straight line viewed by a moving rolling shutter camera under a uniform motion model. Then we propose a method which efficiently estimates ego angular velocity separately from pose parameters, using at least 4 image curves. Moreover, we propose for the first time a RANSAC-like strategy to select image curves which really correspond to 3D straight lines and reject those corresponding to actual curves in 3D world. A comparative experimental study with both synthetic and real data from famous benchmarks shows that the proposed method outperforms all the existing techniques from the state-of-the-art.
Practical AJAX race detection for JavaScript web applications

Asynchronous client-server communication is a common source of errors in JavaScript web applications. Such errors are difficult to detect using ordinary testing because of the nondeterministic scheduling of AJAX events. Existing automated event race detectors are generally too imprecise or too inefficient to be practically useful. To address this problem, we present a new approach based on a lightweight combination of dynamic analysis and controlled execution that directly targets identification of harmful AJAX event races. We experimentally demonstrate using our implementation, AjaxRacer, that this approach is capable of automatically detecting harmful AJAX event races in many websites, and producing informative error messages that support diagnosis and debugging. Among 20 widely used web pages that use AJAX, AjaxRacer discovers harmful AJAX races in 12 of them, with a total of 72 error reports, and with very few false positives.
A Conceptual Framework for Vulnerability Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Critical Oil and Gas Infrastructure in the Niger Delta

The impact of climate change on the Niger Delta is severe, as extreme weather events have inflicted various degrees of stress on critical oil/gas infrastructure. Typically, assets managers and government agencies lack a clear framework for evaluating the vulnerability of these systems. This paper presents a participatory framework for the vulnerability assessment of critical oil/gas infrastructure to climate change impacts in the Niger Delta context. Through a critical review of relevant literature and triangulating observational and exploratory data from the field, this paper has developed a conceptual framework with three elements: (1) a preliminary scoping activity; (2) the vulnerability assessment; and (3) mainstreaming the results into institutional asset management codes. Scoping involves the definition of research aims and objectives, review of prevailing climate burdens and impacts, exploratory investigation, screening for new (planned) assets and selection of relevant infrastructure. The emphasis on screening for planned infrastructure is to facilitate the incorporation of sustainable adaptive capacities into the original design of identified systems. A conceptual framework for vulnerability assessment is presented as a robust systematic iterative model for the evaluation of selected assets using an appropriate methodology. In this study, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied while mainstreaming as part of the research framework is emphasised to aid commercial implementation from an expert-based perspective. The study recommends the use of other suitable methodologies and systematic approaches to test the flexibility of the framework.
Importance Estimation for Figures and Tables in Scientific Papers Based on Importance and Position of Referring Sentences

We propose a method of estimating the importance of figures and tables in scientific papers by propagating importance beyond media; from language to image. In scientific papers, language and image information coordinately enable the reader to easily understand the complicated contents in detail. The proposed method propagates this importance from the sentence to figures/tables in which the position of the sentence referring to a figure/table and surrounding sentences are used to evaluate the importance of figures/tables. We conducted an experiment on estimating the importance of figures/tables by assuming figures/tables used in a presentation poster are important. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method exhibited the highest mean of the average precision (MAP) compared to comparative methods focusing on the size and caption of the figures/tables. We believe that the proposed method is effective in supporting the creation of scientific presentation posters from papers.
Non-Monetary News in Central Bank Communication

We quantify the importance of non-monetary news in central bank communication. Using evidence from four major central banks and a comprehensive classification of events, we decompose news conveyed by central banks into news about monetary policy, economic growth, and separately, shocks to risk premia. Our approach exploits high-frequency comovement of stocks and interest rates combined with monotonicity restrictions across the yield curve. We find significant differences in news composition depending on the communication channel used by central banks. Non-monetary news prevails in about 40% of policy decision announcements by the Fed and the ECB, and this fraction is even higher for communications that provide context to policy decisions such as press conferences. We show that non-monetary news accounts for a significant part of financial markets' reaction during the financial crisis and in the early recovery, while monetary shocks gain importance since 2013.
Information and Communications Technology Acceptance among Malaysian Adolescents in Urban Poverty.

This study was conducted to identify the information communication and technology (ICT) usage among adolescents in urban poverty and their acceptance of using ICT in teaching and learning (T&L) process. The Technology Acceptance Model was used in determining the acceptance of ICT by focusing on factors such as perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness as the two main factors that is much referred for technology acceptance. This case study was conducted using a quantitative and a questionnaire was used to collect data from 50 respondents. SPSS software was used in the form of descriptive statistics. the result showed that majority of the respondents do not spend much time in using ICT at home or even during class session. However, their acceptance in using ICT are positive in T&L process. Based on the findings, suggestions have been proposed to increase the effective use of ICT among adolescents in urban poverty.
Incentivizing Behavioral Change: The Role of Time Preferences

How should the design of incentives vary with agent time preferences? We develop two predictions. First, “bundling” the payment function over time – specifically by making the payment for future effort increase in current effort – is more effective if individuals are impatient over effort. Second, increasing the frequency of payment is more effective if individuals are impatient over payment. We test the efficacy of time-bundling and payment frequency, and their interactions with impatience, using a randomized evaluation of an incentive program for exercise among diabetics in India. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, bundling payments over time meaningfully increases effort among the impatient relative to the patient. In contrast, increasing payment frequency has limited efficacy, suggesting limited impatience over payments. On average, incentives increase daily steps by 1,266 (13 minutes of brisk walking) and improve health.
Localization and characterization of a putative cysteine desulfurase in Chlamydia psittaci

Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular pathogen with a biphasic developmental life cycle. It is auxotrophic for a variety of essential metabolites and obtains amino acids from eukaryotic host cells. Chlamydia can develop inside host cells within chlamydial inclusions. A pathway secreting proteins from inclusions into the host cellular cytoplasm is the type III secretion system (T3SS). The T3SS is universal among several Gram‐negative bacteria. Here, we show that CPSIT_0959 of C. psittaci is expressed midcycle and secreted into the infected cellular cytoplasm via the T3SS. Recombinant CPSIT_0959 possesses cysteine desulfurase and PLP‐binding activity, which removes sulfur from cysteine to produce alanine, and helps chlamydial replication. Our study shows that CPSIT_0959 improve the infectivity of offspring elementary bodies and seems to promote the replication by its product. This phenomenon has inhibited by the PLP‐dependent enzymes inhibitor. Moreover, CPSIT_0959 increased expression of Bim and tBid, and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of host mitochondria to induce apoptosis in the latecycle for release of offspring. These results demonstrate that CPSIT_0959 has cysteine desulfurase and PLP‐binding activity and is likely to contribute to apoptosis of the infected cells via a mitochondria‐mediated pathway to improve the infectivity of progeny.
Effectiveness of Digital Interventions for Improving Glycemic Control in Persons with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression Analysis.

BACKGROUND Digital interventions may assist patients with type 2 diabetes in improving glycemic control. We aimed to synthesize effect sizes of digital interventions on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and to identify effective features of digital interventions targeting patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of digital interventions with usual care. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for eligibility and determined study quality, using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. The Behavioral Change Technique Taxonomy V1 (BCTTv1) was used to identify BCTs used in interventions. Mean HbA1c differences were pooled using analysis of covariance to adjust for baseline differences and pre-post correlations. To examine effective intervention features and to evaluate differences in effect sizes across groups, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed. RESULTS Twenty-three arms of 21 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis (n = 3787 patients, 52.6% in intervention arms). The mean HbA1c baseline differences ranged from -0.2% to 0.64%. The pooled mean HbA1c change was statistically significant (-0.39 {95% CI: [-0.51 to -0.26]} with substantial heterogeneity [I2 statistic, 80.8%]) and a significant HbA1c reduction was noted for web-based interventions. A baseline HbA1c level above 7.5%, β = -0.44 (95% CI: [-0.81 to -0.06]), the BCTs "problem solving," β = -1.30 (95% CI: [-2.05 to -0.54]), and "self-monitoring outcomes of behavior," β = -1.21 (95% CI: [-1.95 to -0.46]) were significantly associated with reduced HbA1c levels. CONCLUSIONS Digital interventions appear effective for reducing HbA1c levels in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
A novel approach for venue recommendation using cross-domain techniques

Finding the next venue to be visited by a user in a specific city is an interesting, but challenging, problem. Different techniques have been proposed, combining collaborative, content, social, and geographical signals; however it is not trivial to decide which tech- nique works best, since this may depend on the data density or the amount of activity logged for each user or item. At the same time, cross-domain strategies have been exploited in the recommender systems literature when dealing with (very) sparse situations, such as those inherently arising when recommendations are produced based on information from a single city. In this paper, we address the problem of venue recommendation from a novel perspective: applying cross-domain recommenda- tion techniques considering each city as a different domain. We perform an experimental comparison of several recommendation techniques in a temporal split under two conditions: single-domain (only information from the target city is considered) and cross- domain (information from many other cities is incorporated into the recommendation algorithm). For the latter, we have explored two strategies to transfer knowledge from one domain to another: testing the target city and training a model with information of the k cities with more ratings or only using the k closest cities. Our results show that, in general, applying cross-domain by proximity increases the performance of the majority of the recom- menders in terms of relevance. This is the first work, to the best of our knowledge, where so many domains (eight) are combined in the tourism context where a temporal split is used, and thus we expect these results could provide readers with an overall picture of what can be achieved in a real-world environment.
HIV-1 Nef Disrupts CD4+ T Lymphocyte Polarity, Extravasation, and Homing to Lymph Nodes via Its Nef-Associated Kinase Complex Interface

HIV-1 Nef is a multifunctional protein that optimizes virus spread and promotes immune evasion of infected cells to accelerate disease progression in AIDS patients. As one of its activities, Nef reduces the motility of infected CD4+ T lymphocytes in confined space. In vivo, Nef restricts T lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes as it reduces the ability for extravasation at the diapedesis step. Effects of Nef on T lymphocyte motility are typically mediated by its ability to reduce actin remodeling. However, interference with diapedesis does not depend on residues in Nef required for inhibition of host cell actin dynamics. In search for an alternative mechanism by which Nef could alter T lymphocyte extravasation, we noted that the viral protein interferes with the polarization of primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes upon infection with HIV-1. Expression of Nef alone is sufficient to disrupt T cell polarization, and this effect is conserved among lentiviral Nef proteins. Nef acts by arresting the oscillation of CD4+ T cells between polarized and nonpolarized morphologies. Mapping studies identified the binding site for the Nef-associated kinase complex (NAKC) as critical determinant of this Nef activity and a NAKC-binding–deficient Nef variant fails to impair CD4+ T lymphocyte extravasation and homing to lymph nodes. These results thus imply the disruption of T lymphocyte polarity via its NAKC binding site as a novel mechanism by which lentiviral Nef proteins alter T lymphocyte migration in vivo.