Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Culture medium optimization and lipid profiling of Cylindrotheca, a lipid- and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich pennate diatom and potential source of eicosapentaenoic acid

Abstract Cylindrotheca, an epipelic benthic pennate diatom, holds promise as a nutraceutical source and may be useful for aquaculture. Experiments were done on two Cylindrotheca species, Cylindrotheca fusiformis (UTEX 2084) and C. closterium, which was isolated from seawater collected offshore from Visakhapatnam, India. C. closteriumwas identified through microscopy and rDNA typing. Type and concentration of nutrient components in the culture medium that promoted best growth and highest lipid accumulation were identified. Lipid content was gravimetrically estimated. For relative comparison of the effects of different culture media on lipid content, we made estimations through rapid in situ screening method using Nile red staining and spectrofluori\xadmetry. The fatty acid profile of lipid was obtained through gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Nualgi, a commercially available micronutrient ready-mix with elements adsorbed as nanoparticles on a modified silica sol, was found to significantly boost growth in both Cylindrotheca species when used in lieu of a conventional micronutrient mix prepared from eight compounds. Among the three nitrogen sources tested – sodium nitrate (NaNO3), urea, and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) – best growth of C. fusiformis occurred on nitrate and urea, while NH4Cl was best for C. closterium. Lipid productivity was much higher in cultures supplied with NH4Cl for both Cylindrotheca species and compensated for lower biomass in C. fusiformis. Mixotrophy with glycerol or sodium acetate resulted in no significant increase in growth over photoautotrophy. Both Cylindrotheca species were lipid rich; lipid constituted 18–27% of dry biomass in the medium with NaNO3. Among total fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids constituted <40%, eicosapentaenoic acid 25%, and arachidonic acid ∼8% and ∼4% in C. fusiformis and C. closterium, respectively. NH4Cl, phosphate, and Nualgi micronutrient ready-mix in concentrations optimal for each strain contribute to a good culture medium for Cylindrotheca.
Ammonia from cold high-mass clumps discovered in the inner Galactic disk by the ATLASGAL survey

The APEX Telescope Large Area Survey: The Galaxy (ATLASGAL) is an unbiased continuum survey of the inner Galactic disk at 870 \mu m. It covers +/- 60 deg in Galactic longitude and aims to find all massive clumps at various stages of high-mass star formation in the inner Galaxy, particularly the earliest evolutionary phases. We aim to determine properties such as the gas kinetic temperature and dynamics of new massive cold clumps found by ATLASGAL. Most importantly, we derived their kinematical distances from the measured line velocities. We observed the ammonia (J,K) = (1,1) to (3,3) inversion transitions toward 862 clumps of a flux-limited sample of submm clumps detected by ATLASGAL and extracted 13CO (1-0) spectra from the Galactic Ring Survey (GRS). We determined distances for a subsample located at the tangential points (71 sources) and for 277 clumps whose near/far distance ambiguity is resolved. Most ATLASGAL clumps are cold with rotational temperatures from 10-30 K. They have a wide range of NH3 linewidths, which by far exceeds the thermal linewidth, as well as a broad distribution of high column densities with an NH3 abundance in the range of 5 to 30 * 10^{-8}. We found an enhancement of clumps at Galactocentric radii of 4.5 and 6 kpc. The high detection rate (87%) confirms ammonia as an excellent probe of the molecular content of the massive, cold clumps revealed by ATLASGAL. A clear trend of increasing rotational temperatures and linewidths with evolutionary stage is seen for source samples ranging from 24 \mu m dark clumps to clumps with embedded HII regions. The survey provides the largest ammonia sample of high-mass star forming clumps and thus presents an important repository for the characterization of statistical properties of the clumps and the selection of subsamples for detailed, high-resolution follow-up studies.
How are Practices Made to Vary? Managing Practice Adaptation in a Multinational Corporation

Research has shown that management practices are adapted and ‘made to fit’ the specific context into which they are adopted. Less attention has been paid to how organizations anticipate and purposefully influence the adaptation process. How do organizations manage the tension between allowing local adaptation of a management practice and retaining control over the practice? By studying the adaptation of a specialized quality management practice – ACE (Achieving Competitive Excellence) – in a multinational corporation in the aerospace industry, we examine how the organization manages the adaptation process at the corporate and subsidiary levels. We identified three strategies through which an organization balances the tension between standardization and variation – preserving the ‘core’ practice while allowing local adaptation at the subsidiary level: creating and certifying progressive achievement levels; setting discretionary and mandatory adaptation parameters; and differentially adapting to context-specific and systemic misfits. While previous studies have shown how and why practices vary as they diffuse, we show how practices may diffuse because they are engineered to vary for allowing a better fit with diverse contextual specificities.
Antinociceptive effects of Abarema cochliacarpos (B.A. Gomes) Barneby & J.W.Grimes (Mimosaceae)

In this study, we investigated the analgesic activity of crude aqueous and methanol extracts obtained from Abarema cochliacarpos bark in mice, and analyzed its phytochemical profile. All the extracts exhibited analgesic properties against the writhing test in mice, but the aqueous and methanol extracts were more active, and more potent than two known analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs used as reference. They were also active against the capsaicin-model, but inactive when evaluated in the hot-plate test. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of saponins, catechins, tannins, phenols and anthraquinones.
Lead and cadmium in maternal blood and placenta in pregnant women from a mining-smelting zone of Peru and transfer of these metals to their newborns

The present study was carried out to determine the lead and cadmium concentration in maternal and umbilical cord blood and placental tissue and breast milk, evaluating forty deliveries with normal evolution of pregnant women living in a mining-smelting town in Peru. In this study, mean concentration of lead in the blood of both women and their neonates were 27.2 ± 15.9 and 18.5 ± 13.0 µg/dl, respectively with 83% of the women and 65% of the neonates having toxic levels. Mean cadmium concentrations in maternal blood were below the safe upper limit, but 45% of women had levels above 10 µg/dl. On the other hand, the mean cadmium concentration in umbilical cord blood was 12.0 ± 17.8 µg/dl, with 38% of neonates having levels above 10 µg/dl. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in maternal milk were 108.9 ± 69.4 and 5.6 ± 4.3 µg/dl, respectively. In addition, lead and cadmium in cord blood accounted for 67.8 and 136.4% compared to concentrations in maternal blood. There was negative relationship between the concentration of lead in the umbilical cord blood and the birth weight of the neonate (p = 0.006). From this study, it is evident that lead contamination and to lesser extent cadmium, pose a problem in pregnant women in this region. In addition, although the placenta appears to act as a protective barrier to the fetus, transfers of these metals to the fetus still persist. Furthermore, the concentration of lead was quite high in maternal milk and could be an important source of contamination to the infant. Finally, there was a negative association between the levels of lead in the umbilical cord blood and the birth weight. Key words: Lead in umbilical cord blood, cadmium in umbilical cord blood, lead in maternal milk, cadmium in maternal milk, lead in placenta, cadmium in placenta, mining-smelting town.
Are Internal, Death-Promoting Mechanisms Ever Adaptive?

Natural selection acts primarily on organisms, and the existence of evolved, active, internal mechanisms that cause organismal death would seem paradoxical. However, there is substantial evidence that internal death promoting mechanisms exist and are taxonomically widespread. Where these are argued to be ‘programmed organismal death’ (POD), they require evolutionary explanations. Any such explanation must draw on our understanding of fitness trade-offs and multiple levels of selection in evolution. This review includes two main categories of putative POD: senescence in multicellular-organisms, and programmed cell death in unicellular organisms. The evidence for POD as a genetically controlled phenotype is strong for semelparous and significant but more controversial for iteroparous plants and animals. In multicellular organisms the program frequently (although not always) appears to be the result of fitness trade-offs. Here the death phenotype itself is not adaptive but the fitness related program most likely is. However, in some cases of behavioral suicide, particularly in insects, there are distinct advantages to kin and group level benefits may play a role. In unicells, programmed death is ubiquitous and POD often provides benefits to others. While benefits do not equate with adaptations, they are consistent with it. Here, death may be adaptive at a level other than the individual cell. In other instances of POD in unicells the phenotype (eg autophagy) can be explained as pleiotropy. The overall picture of POD as a natural phenomenon is still emerging, and continued work on diverse lines of evidence is necessary to complete our evolutionary understanding of this apparent paradox. While some questions remain, we conclude that POD is most likely, in some circumstances at least, adaptive.
The Influence of Competitiveness and Regulations on Entrepreneurial Activity in Emerging and Advanced Economies

This paper aims to investigate the link between business regulations, pillars of competitiveness, and new firms at country level using a structural equation model. The research developed to support this paper is based on the idea that entrepreneurship, measured as the process of new firm formation, is a vital link to the economic growth of countries. The data used belongs to a sample of 41 countries with emerging and advanced economies that appear simultaneously in three databases: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), the Global Competitiveness Report (GCR), and the Doing Business Report (DBR). At country level, the process is hindered by the competitiveness conditions of the country's phase of economic development, and by the regulation and institutional arrangements that shape economic activity.
The Plutino Population: An Abundance of Contact Binaries

We observed 12 Plutinos over two separated years with the 4.3 m Lowell’s Discovery Channel Telescope. Here, we present the first light-curve data for those objects. Three of them (2014 JL80, 2014 JO80, and 2014 JQ80) display a large light-curve amplitude explainable by a single elongated object, but they are most likely caused by a contact binary system due to their light-curve morphology. These potential contact binaries have rotational periods from 6.3 to 34.9 hr and peak-to-peak light-curve variability between 0.6 and 0.8 mag. We present partial light curves, allowing us to constrain the light-curve amplitude and the rotational period of another nine Plutinos. By merging our data with the literature, we estimate that up to ∼40% of the Plutinos could be contact binaries. Interestingly, we found that all of the suspected contact binaries in the 3:2 resonance are small with absolute magnitude H > 6 mag. Based on our sample and the literature, up to ∼50% of the small Plutinos are potential contact binaries.
Physical characteristics of bright Class I methanol masers

Class I CH$_3$OH masers trace interstellar shocks. They have received little attention mostly as a consequence of their low luminosities; this situation has changed recently and Class I masers are now routinely used as signposts of outflows. The recent detection of polarisation in Class I lines now makes it possible to obtain information on magnetic fields in shocks. We make use of newly calculated collisional rates to investigate the excitation of Class I masers and to reconcile their observed properties with model results. We performed LVG calculations with a plane-parallel slab geometry to compute the pump and loss rates which regulate the interactions of the different maser systems with the maser reservoir. We study the dependence of the pump rate, the loss rate, and the inversion efficiency of the pumping scheme of Class I masers on the physics of the gas. Bright Class I masers are mainly high-temperature high-density structures with maser emission measures corresponding to high CH$_3$OH abundances close to the limits set by collisional quenching. Our model reproduces reasonably well most of the observed properties of Class I masers. The 25 GHz masers are the most sensitive to the density and mase at higher densities than other lines. Moreover, even at high density and high abundance, their luminosity is lower than that of the 44 GHz and 36 GHz lines. By comparison between observed isotropic photon luminosities and our model, we infer beam solid angles of ~0.001 steradian. Class I masers can be separated into 3 families: the $(J+1)_{-1}-J_{0}$-E type, the $(J+1)_0-J_1$-A type, and the $J_2-J_1$-E lines. The 25 GHz lines behave in a different fashion from the other masers as they are only inverted at densities above $10^6$ cm$^{-3}$ in contrast to other Class I masers. Therefore, the detection of maser activity in all 3 families is a clear indication of high densities.
Personality Effects on Teaching Anxiety and Teaching Strategies in University Professors

Teaching anxiety is prevalent among professors. However, there is little research examining the relationship between personality and teaching anxiety in this population. The current study examines how different types of in-class behaviour are related to teaching anxiety and personality. Higher neuroticism and lower extraversion are related to higher levels of teaching anxiety. Professors with high neuroticism employ in-class strategies such as student-to-student discussion and group work, which may help to diminish the levels of anxiety by diverting attention away from the instructor. Personality is an important factor to consider when examining the relationship between teaching anxiety and specific strategies used within the classroom. In particular, understanding the role of personality characteristics would allow the professor to adjust coping strategies that may be important to circumventing or minimizing anxiety-provoking situations that may arise. L’anxiete durant l’enseignement est tres repandue parmi les professeurs. Toutefois, il y a peu de recherche qui examine la relation entre la personnalite et l’anxiete durant l’enseignement. L’etude courante examine comment differents types de comportements en classe sont relies a l’anxiete de l’enseignement et a la personnalite. Un taux eleve de neurasthenie et un taux bas d’extraversion sont relies a un taux eleve d’anxiete face a l’enseignement. Les professeurs ayant un haut taux de neurasthenie emploient en classe des strategies telles que discussions entre etudiants et travail de groupes, qui peuvent aider a diminuer le degre d’anxiete en portant l’attention loin de l’instructeur. La personnalite est un important facteur a considerer quand on examine la relation entre l’anxiete de l’enseignement et les strategies specifiques utilisees dans les classes. En particulier, la comprehension du role que les caracteristiques de personnalite jouent, permettrait au professeur d’ajuster les strategies d’adaptation qui pourraient etre utilisees pour contourner ou minimiser les situations d’anxiete qui pourraient se presenter.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chloridobis(dimethylglyoximato)4-(2-ferrocenylvinyl)pyridinecobalt(III): A New Heterobinuclear Cobaloxime

The synthesis of a new heterobinuclear cobaloxime with 4-(2-ferrocenylvinyl)pyridine, fcvpy, is reported. The complex [CoCl(dmgH)2(fcvpy)], where dmgH2 is dimethylglyoxime and dmgH is dimethylglyoximato, has been characterized by 1H-NMR, UV-Vis, cyclic voltammetry, and elemental analysis. The cyclic voltammogram of this complex shows a fc/fc
Rutile geochemistry and its potential use in quantitative provenance studies

Rutile is among the most stable detrital minerals in sedimentary systems. Information contained in rutile is therefore of prime importance, especially in the study of mature sediments, where most diagnostic minerals are no longer stable. In contrast to zircon, rutile provides information about the last metamorphic cycle as rutile is not stable at greenschist facies conditions. Several known geochemical characteristics of rutile can be used to retrace provenance. The lithology of source rocks can be determined using Nb and Cr contents in rutile, because the most important source rocks for rutile, metapelites and metabasites, imprint a distinct Nb and Cr signature in rutiles. Since Zr in rutile, coexisting with zircon and quartz, is extremely temperature dependent, this relationship can be used as a geothermometer. Metapelites always contain zircon and quartz, thus the Nb and Cr signatures of metapelites indicate rutiles that can be used for thermometry. The result is effectively a single-mineral geothermometer, which is to our knowledge the first of its kind in provenance studies. Several other trace elements are variably enriched in rutile, but the processes creating these variations are so far not understood. In a case study, Al, Si, V, Cr, Fe, Zr, Nb and W contents in rutiles were obtained by electron microprobe from three sediment samples from Upstate New York. A Pleistocene glacial sand, whose source was granulite-facies rocks of the southern Adirondacks, has detrital rutile geochemical signatures which are consistent with the local Geology; a predominantly metapelitic source with a minor metabasitic contribution. Calculated temperatures for the metapelitic rutiles from the glacial sand are consistent with a predominantly granulite-facies source. The two other samples are from Paleozoic clastic wedges deposited in the foreland of the Taconian and Acadian orogenies. Here several geochemical patterns of detrital rutiles are comparable to rutiles derived from the Adirondacks, implying that rutiles eroded from the Taconian and Acadian orogens were
Change in the frequency of consultations concerning eating disorders in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Kraków (Poland) in the years 1988 - 2004

Summary Aim. In the opinion of both clinicians and the general public, eating disorders (ED) among girls constitute one of the fastest growing groups of mental disorders in Polish children and adolescents. However, this conviction is only partly supported by reliable scientific research (both in Poland and in other countries of the former Soviet block). The issue of the increase in frequency of ED occurrence in Poland after the (po- litical and socio-economic) transformation of 1989 is scientifically extremely important. Findings relating to this issue could be a starting point for further research on socio-cultural aspects which may be signifi- cant in the development of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Material and method. In the study, reasons for first time attendance at psychiatric consultations by girls aged 12 - 21 at the Outpatient Unit of the University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Krakow in 1988, 1996, 2000 and 2004 were analysed. The study took into account data from ambulato- ry records of 788 patients. Additionally, the dynamic of changes in consultations frequency in relation to a number of socio-demographic variables was analysed. Results. The frequency of first time consultations due to eating disorders increased from 5 cases in 1988 to 90 cases in 2004. This constitutes the largest increase both in absolute numbers and percentage val- ue in comparison to other groups of disorders. Additionally, the dynamic of changes in consultations fre- quency in relation to such variables as: age, type of place of residence (village/city), living in Krakow/out- side Krakow, population of the place of residence were analysed. Girls from the ED group turned out to come from smaller cities than girls with depressive symptoms. Conclusion. The obtained results may thus constitute a significant argument supporting the hypothesis of an increase in eating disorders in the population of young girls in Poland. eating disorders / change in consultation frequency
Soil Stabilization Using Waste Shredded Rubber Tyre Chips

Construction of engineering structures on weak or soft soil is considered as unsafe. Improvement of load bearing capacity of the soil may be undertaken by a variety of ground improvement techniques. In the present investigation, shredded rubber from waste has been chosen as the reinforcement material and cement as binding agent which was randomly included into the soil at three different percentages of fibre content, i.e. 5% 10% and 15% by weight of soil. The investigation has been focused on the strength behaviour of soil reinforced with randomly included shredded rubber fibre. The samples were subjected to California bearing ratio and unconfined compression tests. The tests have clearly shown a significant improvement in the shear strength and bearing capacity parameters of the studied soil. The results obtained are compared with unreinforced samples and inferences are drawn towards the usability and effectiveness of fiber reinforcement as a replacement for deep or raft foundation and on pavement subgrade soil as a cost effective approach. The low strength and high compressible soft clay soils were found to improve by addition of shredded rubber and cement. It can be concluded that shredded rubber fibre can be considered as a good earth reinforcement material.
Simulation of a Method for Forming a Laser-Cooled Positron Plasma

We have simulated the trapping and cooling of moderated positrons in a Penning trap in which the positrons lose energy through collisions with a simultaneously stored laser-cooled Be plasma. Once the positrons are trapped, they cool through sympathetic cooling with the Be plasma. After the positrons cool, their motion parallel to the magnetic field reaches a state of thermal equilibrium with the Be ions and they rotate about the trap axis at the same frequency as the Be ions . Therefore, a centrifugal separation will occur, forcing the positrons to coalesce into a cold column along the trap axis. A simulation which, in part, utilizes Monte Carlo techniques, indicates a capture efficiency of as high as 0.3% for 300 K moderated positrons passing through a Be plasma with a density of 10 atoms cm and a column length of 1 cm. This capture efficiency leads to the positron capture rate of ;1000 positrons per second, assuming a 100 mCi positron source and 10 for the efficiency for moderating positrons from the source. The resulting dense reservoirs of cold positrons may be useful for antihydrogen production and for reaching a plasma state in which the mode dynamics must be treated quantum mechanically.