Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research participation experiences of informants of suicide and control cases: taken from a case-control psychological autopsy study of people who died by suicide.

BACKGROUND Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. AIMS (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners' court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. METHODS A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. RESULTS The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. LIMITATIONS The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.
4 The Role of CCR 7-Ligands in Developing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by the pathological infiltration of autoreactive leukocytes. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis serves as a disease model for human multiple sclerosis in mouse and rat (Conlon et al., 1999). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is induced through sensitization with neuroantigens such as myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein that activates neuroantigen-reactive T cells in the peripheral lymphoid organs. These T cells subsequently migrate into the central nervous system and encounter endogenous neuroantigens, which reactivates them and leads to nerve demyelination. Thus, induction of encephalitogenic T cells and their migration into the central nervous system are critical for development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
The undecidability theorem for the Horn-like fragment of linear logic (Revisited)

There has been an increased interest in the decision problems for linear logic and its fragments. Here, we give a fully self-contained, easy-to-follow, but fully detailed, direct and constructive proof of the undecidability of a very simple Horn-like fragment of linear logic, which is accessible to a wide range of people. Namely, we show that there is a direct correspondence between terminated computations of a Minsky machine M and cut-free linear logic derivations for a Horn-like sequent of the form \begin{equation*} \bang{\Phi_M},\ l_1 \vdash l_0, \end{equation*} where ΦM consists only of Horn-like implications of the following simple forms \begin{equation*} (l \llto l'),\ \ ((l\otimes r) \llto l'),\ \ (l\llto (r\otimes l')),\ \ and \ \ (l\llto (l'\oplus l'')), \end{equation*} where l1, l0, l, l′, l″ and r stand for literals. Neither negation, nor &, nor constants, nor embedded implications/bangs are used here. Furthermore, our particular correspondence constructed above provides decidability for each of the Horn-like fragments whenever we confine ourselves to any two forms of the above Horn-like implications, along with the complexity bounds that come from the proof.
Benefits of an "angina clinic" for patients with coronary artery disease: a demonstration of health status measures as markers of health care quality.

OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine the efficacy of health status measurement in quantifying improvements in quality of care provided by an "angina clinic. " STUDY DESIGN In a pretest-posttest, nonequivalent control group design in the outpatient clinics of a Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 535 patients with coronary disease were followed up, without intervention, for 3 months and were defined as the "usual-care" group. Concurrently, a clinical trial that optimized the antianginal medications of 100 patients with chronic, stable coronary disease was conducted and defined as the "angina clinic" group. The 3-month change in scores for the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, a valid, reliable, and responsive disease-specific health status measure for patients with coronary disease, was used as the main outcome measure. RESULTS After baseline differences between groups were controlled, the "angina clinic" conferred substantial improvement on patient symptom control (3-month benefit in angina frequency +9.4, P <.001; in angina stability +14.7, P <.001), treatment satisfaction (+8.6, P <.001), quality of life (+6.8, P <.001), and physical limitations resulting from coronary disease (+3.6, P =.047). Only the changes in physical limitation were not clinically significant. CONCLUSION Disease-specific health status measures can provide valuable insights into the quality of care associated with innovations in health care delivery. These results suggest that patients in a clinical trial optimizing antianginal medications had greater improvements in symptom control, treatment satisfaction, and quality of life compared with similar patients receiving "usual care" in a general medicine clinic.
Development of a technology for utilizing the electroplating wastes by applying a ferritization method to the alkaline­activated materials

The study reported in this paper reveals the effective way of recycling water treatment products by using them as a component of alkaline cements and concretes based on them. Large-scale utilization of products from waste water purification in the composition of building materials has traditionally been limited given that heavy metal compounds are included in the composition of waste. Materials that are created using such a waste are traditionally considered to be dangerous for human health and the environment. Application of alkaline cements as matrices for binding these wastes and related products makes it possible to solve the task on reliable binding of heavy metals. It was experimentally determined that the main crystalline phases are calcite, quartz, hematite, coesite, and diopside. Also defined is the presence of gelatinous neo formations that are capable of subsequent recrystallization into zeolite-like structures. Such a composition of neo formations provides the involvement of heavy metal ions into the structure of the received material. Compressive strength of alkaline-activated systems that employ water treatment products (industrial wastes of galvanic production) reaches 40 MPa in standard mortars. Application of the developed cements in concretes makes it possible to achieve the strength of 45 MPa without changing the technological process of concrete preparation. The leaching of heavy metals from the matrix of alkaline cements was studied following the aging of up to 28 days by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The study performed has shown that the alkaline cement matrix is characterized by high immobilizing properties relative to the heavy metal compounds (the level of immobilization of heavy metals ions is up to 99 %) and allows the use of industrial waste water purification products in the composition of alkaline cements and concretes based on them. Application of such an approach will not only solve the environmental problems related to disposing of hazardous products from water treatment, but would also make it possible to obtain building materials for general purposes with high operational properties
Joint Word Segmentation, POS-Tagging and Syntactic Chunking

Chinese chunking has traditionally been solved by assuming gold standard word segmentation.We find that the accuracies drop drastically when automatic segmentation is used.Inspired by the fact that chunking knowledge can potentially improve segmentation, we explore a joint model that performs segmentation, POS-tagging and chunking simultaneously.In addition, to address the sparsity of full chunk features, we employ a semi-supervised method to derive chunk cluster features from large-scale automatically-chunked data.Results show the effectiveness of the joint model with semi-supervised features.
Rapid, automated mosaicking of the human corneal subbasal nerve plexus

Abstract Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is an in vivo technique used to study corneal nerve morphology. The largest proportion of nerves innervating the cornea lie within the subbasal nerve plexus, where their morphology is altered by refractive surgery, diabetes and dry eye. The main limitations to clinical use of CCM as a diagnostic tool are the small field of view of CCM images and the lengthy time needed to quantify nerves in collected images. Here, we present a novel, rapid, fully automated technique to mosaic individual CCM images into wide-field maps of corneal nerves. We implemented an OpenCV image stitcher that accounts for corneal deformation and uses feature detection to stitch CCM images into a montage. The method takes 3–5 min to process and stitch 40–100 frames on an Amazon EC2 Micro instance. The speed, automation and ease of use conferred by this technique is the first step toward point of care evaluation of wide-field subbasal plexus (SBP) maps in a clinical setting.
Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children: The Controversies of Managing Primary Tooth luxation Injuries

One of the areas that are most contentious in the diagnosis and management of traumatic dental injuries in children are in the approach toward luxation injuries in the primary dentition. Although the majority of injuries to the primary anterior dentition are luxations, there appears to be little definitive evidence in the dental literature for the management of luxation injuries in primary dentition; namely, intrusive luxations and lateral luxations. Some of the controversies centre on whether particular management approaches are likely to increase likelihood of further damage to the permanent successor, whilst others centre on question of whether certain approaches are likely to increase likelihood of pulpal necrosis or periapical inflammation of the injured primary tooth. There is conflicting published evidence over whether intruded or luxated primary teeth are best extracted, positioned, or monitored for spontaneous repositioning. For intrusion injuries, factors considered in the literature include the degree of intrusion, presence of multiple injuries, and orientation. Many approaches to management of primary tooth luxation focus on the degree of injury or occlusal interference, and novel approaches are described. The controversies are described herein.
Acoustic stapedius muscle reflex in mercury-exposed Andean children and adults

Abstract Conclusion: The results suggested mercury (Hg)-induced anomalies in the brainstem-mediated acoustic stapedius muscle reflex in children. Objectives: Hg exposure has been associated with hearing impairment and brainstem anomalies. Acoustic stapedius reflex (ASR) thresholds, growth functions, decay/adaptation times, and behavioral auditory thresholds were used to screen Andean children and adults for Hg-induced auditory brainstem and facial nerve impairment. Methods: Fifty-one participants, which included 22 children (aged 6–17 years) and 29 adults (aged 19–83 years) living in gold mining areas of Ecuador where Hg is widely used in amalgamation, were screened using ASR immittance procedures. Results: Mean blood mercury (HgB) level in the children was 15.6 μg/L (SD, 21.3; median, 7 μg/L; range, 2.0–89 μg/L), and in the adults 8.5 μg/L (SD, 7.1; median, 6 μg/L; range, 2.0–32 μg/L). Mean contralateral ASR thresholds (ASRT) for the screening frequency of 2000 Hz in the children (39 ears) was 92.9 dB HL (SD, 6.1; range, 80-105 dB HL), and in the adults (53 ears) 90.0 dB HL (SD, 6.4; range, 65-105 dB HL). The ASRT in the children increased significantly with HgB level (rho = 0.433; p = 0.008).
Macroinvertebrate Foraging on Larval Ambystoma maculatum across Ontogeny

Understanding community interactions, such as predator–prey dynamics, is vital for determining species viability. Outside of larger macroinvertebrate predators, such as crayfish and dragonfly larvae, there is a paucity of information regarding the effectiveness of other macroinvertebrate predators in consuming larval amphibians, especially caudate larvae, during aquatic life-stages within pond communities. In this study, we tested the ability of a suite of macroinvertebrate predators to consume Spotted Salamander larvae (Ambystoma maculatum) at two points during larval development. We tested the ability of macroinvertebrate predators belonging to the genera Belostoma, Lestes, Notonecta, and Ranatra, the families Aeshnidae, Dytiscidae, Gomphidae, Gyrinidae, Hirudinae, Libellulidae, and Notonectidae, or order Trichoptera, as well as larvae of Rana clamitans, to consume A. maculatum immediately after hatching and several weeks into their larval period across four separate experiments. We tested for significant differences in percent survival of A. maculatum among predator treatments using ANOVA. Across all trials, we found a significant effect of predator treatment. Both hatchling and larval A. maculatum were susceptible to predation by Aeshnidae and Notonectidae. In all other treatments, we observed low or zero mortality of hatchlings of A. maculatum and 100% survival of larvae of A. maculatum. As Aeshnidae and Notonectidae are both gape unconstrained predators, the increase in larval size did not appear to increase survival of A. maculatum due to increased escape performance. Overall, rates of predation are low for A. maculatum for most macroinvertebrates during the tested life stages, suggesting that predation by only a handful of invertebrate taxa and vertebrates contribute to high mortality rates within this system.
Epidemic of suicide by malathion poisoning in Guyana. Report of 264 cases.

Malathion, an organic phosphate insecticide, has become the agent most commonly used for suicides attempts in Guyana. The clinical characteristics of 264 cases are described. As with other types of organic phosphate poisoning, atropine is the mainstay of therapy after exposure to the toxin is terminated. The value of oximes in the treatment of malathion poisoning is not clear. The increase in malathion suicides is related to sociocultural factors. (Summary)
An Automatic Detection Algorithm Applied to Fast Magnetosonic Waves With Observations of the Van Allen Probes

Fast magnetosonic (MS) waves can play an important role in the evolution of the inner magnetosphere. However, there is still not an effective method to quantitatively identify such waves for observations of the Van Allen Probes reasonably. In this paper, we used Van Allen Probes data from 18 September 2012 to 30 September 2014 to find a more comprehensive automatic detection algorithm for fast MS waves through statistical analysis of the major properties, including the planarity, ellipticity, and wave normal angle of whole fluctuations using the singular value decomposition method. According to a control variate method, we find an obvious difference between fast MS waves and other waves in the statistical distribution of their major properties. After eliminating the influence of background noises, by excluding fluctuations at L < 1.8, we set up an automatic detection algorithm applied to fast MS waves, that is, smaller than 0.2 for the absolute value of wave ellipticity, larger than 70° for the wave normal angle, with frequency range of 2 Hz to 1.5 fLHR (fLHR is the local lower hybrid resonance frequency). Finally, we have checked the planarity to verify availability of this method and tested this completely automatic method on the Van Allen Probes data and found some results consistent with previous studies. Inside the plasmapause, we found that there is a more obviously favorable occurrence of MS waves at dusk sector with increasing magnetic latitudes.
Psychometric properties of the extended Care Dependency Scale for older persons in Egypt.

AIM The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the modified Arabic Care Dependency Scale for self-assessment of older persons in Egypt and to compare these self-assessments to proxy assessments by care givers and family members. BACKGROUND The Care Dependency Scale is an internationally used instrument to measure care dependency. The Arabic version may improve data collection on this phenomenon in the Middle East where the population is ageing. DESIGN A cross-sectional study with a sample of 611 older persons living in Greater Cairo. Participants belonged to three groups: nursing home residents, home care recipients and non-care recipients; 459 participants were also rated by proxies and 171 repeated their self-assessment after two weeks. METHODS The correlation between sum scores of the Care Dependency Scale and the Activities of Daily Living scale was calculated to establish criterion validity. Construct validity was determined by comparing care recipients and non-care recipients with regard to their Care Dependency Scale sum scores and by exploratory factor analysis. Intraclass coefficients were used to assess test-retest reliability of self-ratings for each item. Mean differences between self and proxy assessment were calculated. RESULTS The Care Dependency Scale had a strong correlation to the Activities of Daily Living scale and is able to distinguish between care recipients and non-care recipients. Factor analysis revealed one factor for basic needs and one factor for psychosocial needs. ICC values were >0.7 for most items related to the factor for basic needs among care recipients. Proxy assessment yielded higher care dependency than self assessment. CONCLUSION Care Dependency Scale items for basic needs are suitable to assess care dependency among Egyptian care recipients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Assessment of care dependency is useful to obtain data for appropriate resource allocation among care recipients.
Air Traffic Security: Aircraft Classification Using ADS-B Message’s Phase-Pattern

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is a surveillance system used in Air Traffic Control. With this system, the aircraft transmits their own information (identity, position, velocity, etc.) to any equipped listener for surveillance scope. The ADS-B is based on a very simple protocol and does not provide any kind of authentication and encryption, making it vulnerable to many types of cyber-attacks. In the paper, the use of the airplane/transmitter carrier phase is proposed as a feature to perform a classification of the aircraft and, therefore, distinguish legitimate messages from fake ones. The feature extraction process is described and a classification method is selected. Finally, a complete intruder detection algorithm is proposed and evaluated with real data.
Survival of West Nile Virus-Challenged Southern House Mosquitoes, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, in Relation to Environmental Temperatures

ABSTRACT: We investigated the effect of West Nile virus (WNV) infection on survival in two colonies of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) originating from Vero Beach and Gainesville, FL. Mosquitoes were fed West Nile virus-infected blood and checked daily for survival. Exposure to WNV decreased survival among Cx. p. quinquefasciatus from Gainesville relative to unexposed individuals at 31° C. In contrast, exposure to WNV enhanced survival among Cx. p. quinquefasciatus from Vero Beach relative to unexposed individuals at 27° C. These results may suggest that exposure to WNV and associated infection could increase or decrease components of fitness, dependent on environmental temperature and intraspecific variation in Cx. p. quinquefasciatus. The relationship between lifespan (time of death in days) and WNV titer differed in the colonies at 31° C and 27° C, suggesting that intraspecific species variation in response to temperature impacts interactions with WNV. While further work is needed to determine if similar effects occur under field conditions, this suggests intraspecific variation in vector competence for WNV and adult survival of Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, both aspects of vectorial capacity.
Dry reagent-based polymerase chain reaction compared with other laboratory methods available for the diagnosis of Buruli ulcer disease.

BACKGROUND Because of the multifaceted clinical presentation of Buruli ulcer disease, misclassification of clinically diagnosed cases may occur frequently. Laboratory tests for the confirmation of suspected cases include microscopic examination, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and histopathologic examination. However, microscopic examination, the only test usually available in areas of endemicity, has a low sensitivity. METHODS To make a highly sensitive diagnostic method locally available, dry reagent-based PCR (DRB-PCR), which is well adapted to tropical conditions, was pilot-tested in Ghana. Subsequently, the assay was used for the routine diagnosis of Buruli ulcer disease over a period of 2 years. The method was compared with other diagnostic tests to evaluate its performance under field conditions. RESULTS The interassay agreement rate between DRB-PCR and standard PCR was 91.7% for swab specimens and 95% for tissue specimens. Among all of the locally available tests, DRB-PCR revealed the highest overall positivity ratio. Sixty percent of patients with clinical diagnoses of Buruli ulcer disease had the diagnoses confirmed by DRB-PCR of swab or tissue specimens, compared with 30%-40% of patients who had diagnoses confirmed by microscopic examination of swab or tissue specimens. The positivity ratio of DRB-PCR varied considerably when analyzed per treatment center. Standardization of specimen collection resulted in a 30% increase in the positivity ratio of the assay, compared with that in the pilot-testing phase. CONCLUSIONS DRB-PCR is a reliable tool for the diagnosis of Buruli ulcer disease. However, PCR assays are suitable for detection only during early stages of the disease, when samples still contain bacilli. The quality of clinical diagnosis and the quality of diagnostic specimens strongly influence the positivity ratio.