Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Ankle, Knee, and Hip Torque Production in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability

Gribble, PA and Robinson, RH. An examination of ankle, knee, and hip torque production in individuals with chronic ankle instability. J Strength Cond Res 23(2): 395-400, 2009-There is some debate in the literature as to whether strength deficits exist at the ankle in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Additionally, there is evidence to suggest that knee and hip performance is altered in those with CAI. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether CAI is associated with deficits in ankle, knee, and hip torque. Fifteen subjects with unilateral CAI and fifteen subjects with healthy ankles participated. Subjects reported to the laboratory for one session during which the torque production of ankle plantar flexion/dorsiflexion, knee flexion/extension, and hip flexion/extension were measured with an isokinetic device. Subjects performed 5 maximum-effort repetitions of a concentric/concentric protocol at 60°·s−1 for both extremities. Average peak torque (APT) values were calculated. The subjects with CAI demonstrated significantly less APT production for knee flexion (F1,28 = 5.40; p = 0.03) and extension (F1,28 = 5.34; p = 0.03). Subjects with CAI exhibited significantly less APT for ankle plantar flexion in the injured limb compared with their noninjured limb (F1,28 = 6.51; p = 0.02). No significant difference in ankle dorsiflexion or hip flexion/extension APT production existed between the 2 groups. Individuals with CAI, in addition to deficits in ankle plantar flexion torque, had deficits in knee flexor and extensor torque, suggesting that distal joint instability may lead to knee joint neuromuscular adaptations. There were no similar deficits at the hip. Future research should determine what implications this has for prevention and rehabilitation of lower-extremity injury. Clinicians may need to consider including rehabilitation efforts to address these deficits when rehabilitating patients with CAI.
Diagnostic significance of mitotic index and AgNOR count in canine mammary tumours

The present study was designed to investigate the significance of mitotic index and AgNOR count in canine mammary tumours. Samples from 74 grossly suspected cases of bitches for mammary tumour were collected from different veterinary hospitals in 10% buffered formalin, of which 65 were confirmed as tumours on histopathological examination. Among them, 11 (16.92%) were benign and 54 (83.08%) were malignant tumours. Benign tumours included benign mixed mammary tumour (36.36%), fibroadenoma (27.27%), duct papilloma (18.18%) and simple adenoma (18.18%). The malignant mammary tumours comprised of papillary adenocarcinoma (27.78%), malignant mixed mammary tumour (25.92%), solid carcinoma (18.52%), squamous cell carcinoma (5.56%), fibrosarcoma (5.56%), infiltrative adenocarcinoma (3.7%), mucinous carcinoma (3.7%) and each (1.54%) of osteochondrosarcoma, carcinosarcoma, myxosarcoma, intraductal carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma (malignant myoepithelioma). Mitotic index and AgNOR counts were significantly (P<0.05) differ for benign and malignant mammary tumours. Among malignant mammary tumours mitotic index ranged from 1.08 to 4.19 with solid carcinoma showing the highest index (4.197±1.570) and osteochondrosarcoma the lowest (1.08±0.0) while in benign mammary tumours, it ranged from 0.63 t0 0.9. AgNOR counts were significantly lower (2.57± 0.68) in benign mammary tumours than malignant (3.38±1.01). From this study it was concluded that mitotic index and AgNOR count was a good indicator of transformation of tumours towards the malignancy.
Core Temperature Responses and Match Running Performance During Intermittent-Sprint Exercise Competition in Warm Conditions

Duffield, R, Coutts, AJ, and Quinn, J. Core temperature responses and match running performance during intermittent-sprint exercise competition in warm conditions. J Strength Cond Res 23(4): 1238-1244, 2009-This study investigated the thermoregulatory responses and match running performance of elite team sport competitors (Australian Rules football) during preseason games in a warm environment. During 2 games in dry bulb temperatures above 29°C (>27°C wet bulb globe temperature), 10 players were monitored for core temperature (Tcore) via a telemetric capsule, in-game motion patterns, blood lactate ([La−]), body mass changes, urine specific gravity, and pre- and postgame vertical jump performance. The results showed that peak Tcore was achieved during the final quarter at 39.3 ± 0.7°C and that several players reached values near 40.0°C. Further, the largest proportion of the total rise in Tcore (2.1 ± 0.7°C) occurred during the first quarter of the match, with only small increases during the remainder of the game. The game distance covered was 9.4 ± 1.5 km, of which 2.7 ± 0.9 km was at high-intensity speeds (>14.4 km·h−1). The rise in Tcore was correlated with first-quarter high-intensity running velocity (r = 0.72) and moderate-intensity velocity (r = 0.68), second-quarter Tcore and low-intensity activity velocity (r = −0.90), second-quarter Tcore and moderate-intensity velocity (r = 0.88), fourth-quarter rise in Tcore and very-high-intensity running distance (r = 0.70), and fourth-quarter Tcore and moderate-intensity velocity (r = 0.73). Additional results included mean game [La−] values of 8.7 ± 0.1 mmol·L−1, change in body mass of 2.1 ± 0.8 kg, and no change (p > 0.05) in pre- to postgame vertical jump. These findings indicate that the plateau in Tcore may be regulated by the reduction in low-intensity activity and that pacing strategies may be employed during competitive team sports in the heat to ensure control of the internal heat load.
Reference system of competence and engagement in adapted physical activities of people with recent spinal cord injury

Abstract Purpose: This study tested whether persons with Recent Spinal Cord Injury (RSCI) who practice adapted physical activities (APA) and those who do not differ with regard to achievement goals, physical self-perceptions, and global self-esteem. Method: Adults with RSCI in rehabilitation centers voluntarily completed questionnaires of achievement goals and self-esteem. Then, based on whether they engaged or not in APA programs, they were considered participants or non-participants in APA. Results: Compared to participants in APA, non-participants were more oriented toward mastery-avoidance goals and had lower scores of physical self-worth and global self-esteem. No differences were found for other achievement goals and for low-level dimensions of physical self. Conclusions: These findings suggest that mastery-avoidance goals are associated with a maladaptive motivational pattern when intrapersonal comparison conveys a threat for the self. Practical implications for rehabilitation programs for persons with RSCI are offered. Implications for Rehabilitation Adapted Physical Activities (APA) programs are supervised physical activity programs in which the choice of the activity as well as the frequency, the duration, and the intensity of practice are adapted to the inpatients’ capabilities. Attempts to master physical activities can be seen as threatening experiences to be avoided by persons with Recent Spinal Cord Injury (RSCI) in rehabilitation centers. Comparing one’s capabilities in physical activities with those of other persons with RSCI is not motivationally detrimental with respect to the practice of these activities. Upon persons with RSCI’ arrival in rehabilitation centers, physical educators should promote a friendly competitive climate in the practice of APA to help inpatients recover healthy levels of physical self-perceptions and global self-esteem as well as motivation to exercise.
Sustained, Prolonged Exercise at Stable Heart Rate Defined by the Deflection Point Identification Method

Gripp, F, Lacerda, ACR, Gonçalves, R, and Szmuchrowski, L. Sustained, prolonged exercise at stable heart rate defined by the deflection point identification method. J Strength Cond Res 23(2): 632-637, 2009-The objectives of this study were to identify the heart rate deflection point (HRDP) assessed according to the Conconi test method, to evaluate the ability of trained cyclists to pedal for 90 minutes while remaining within a stable heart rate (HR) range determined by identifying the HRDP, and to discuss the motor and physiological parameters recorded during this long-duration exercise. Ten trained men cyclists (&OV0312;O2max: 64.1 ± 8.86 ml·kg−1·min−1) had their HRDPs determined. One week later, they performed continuous exercise for 90 minutes on a cycle ergometer at a stable HR sustained within a range comprising the HRDP ± 5 bpm. Subjects' HR and power output values were registered at each minute. Blood lactate, blood glucose, and body temperature were measured at rest and during exercise. All exercise was performed inside an environmental chamber (temperature of 22° C, relative humidity of 60%). In the first 5 minutes, the participants increased power output to reach the HRDP, and adjustments were required in their physiological parameters to meet this exercise demand. Between the 5th and the 30th minutes, HRDP had already been reached by all participants; nevertheless, all the other physiological and motor parameters were adjusting to this exercise demand. After 30 minutes of exercise, the physiological and motor variables had already adjusted to the new demand and remained stable until the end of exercise (blood lactate was not significantly different from 4 mmol·L−1). These results suggest the efficacy of the HRDP as an auxiliary method for prescribing and controlling sport training: after the defined HRDP has been reached, the technique confirms maintenance of power output, as well as the other physiological parameters, at threshold levels until the end of exercise.
Religious faith and self-efficacy among stroke patients in Kuwait: health professionals’ views

Abstract Purpose: This study explored health professionals’ views about the influence of Muslim religious beliefs on Kuwaiti patients’ self-efficacy within stroke rehabilitation. It also explored their confidence in discussing religious issues with patients during rehabilitation. Method: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 expatriate health professionals of various religious faiths working in stroke rehabilitation (five nurses, four physiotherapists and one physician). Data were analysed thematically. Findings: Health professionals considered that self-efficacy in stroke rehabilitation was strengthened by patients’ feelings of partnership with God, which evoked hope and strength by retaining continuity of the moral self, and by viewing disability as a test of resilience. Fatalistic beliefs and the belief that stroke is a punishment from God were thought to undermine self-efficacy. Health professionals sought to foster patients’ experience of religious empowerment by using religious phrases during rehabilitation, and encouraging religious observance. Nurse participants considered that discussing religious issues with their patients was intrinsic to culturally competent care. Conclusions: It is known that patients’ self-efficacy in rehabilitation can be strengthened through a number of strategies such as goal-setting and feedback. This study suggests that for Muslim patients in Kuwait, health professionals also need to be mindful of their need for religious empowerment. Implications for Rehabilitation Muslim religious beliefs may influence self-efficacy in stroke patients in the Kuwaiti context. Patients who regard themselves as working in partnership with their God may feel empowered and more confident to achieve goals in rehabilitation. Patients who regard their stroke as a divine punishment may have lower self-efficacy. Health professionals might support religious patients to retain a sense of their unimpaired moral selves (e.g. by enabling religious observance) as a means of enhancing self-efficacy in rehabilitation.
New Jersey Coaches’ Knowledge in Recognizing and Managing Concussion

High school coaches’ knowledge regarding the recognition and management of concussive injuries in adolescent athletes has not been assessed in New Jersey. The purpose of this study was to assess high school coaches’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding recognition and management of concussive injuries in athletes. A cross-sectional anonymous 15-item web-based survey of high school coaches in New Jersey was performed between May 2010 and June 2010. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare proportions, and t-tests and analysis of variance were used to analyze group differences for normally distributed continuous data. When data were missing, these responses were excluded from the analysis. All significance testing was conducted at the alpha.05 level. This study yielded a response rate of 45% (537/1197) among coaches who were contacted. Respondents were primarily male (60%) from the largest public schools. The average number of years of coaching was 11 years. Substantial gaps in knowledge were identified among responding coaches. Only 16.9% of coaches correctly described concussion as a chemical disruption; 16% knew that adults recover more quickly from a concussion than teens, and less than half (42.5%) knew that the size of a teen’s skull in proportion to their neck and frame would make them more vulnerable to whiplash-like effects. The results indicate the need for formal coaching education programs.
Clinical Features of Trigeminal Neuralgia

접수일:2007년 5월 7일, 승인일:2007년 11월 5일 책임저자:김 찬, (443-721) 경기도 수원시 영통구 원천동 산 5 아주대학교병원 마취통증의학과 신경통증클리닉 Tel: 031-219-5689, Fax: 031-219-5579 E-mail: kimchan@madang.ajou. ac.kr Received May 7, 2007, Accepted November 5, 2007 Correspondence to: Chan Kim Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-721, Korea Tel: +82-31-219-5689, Fax: +82-31-219-5579 E-mail: kimchan@madang.ajou. ac.kr 삼차신경통 환자의 임상적 특성 분석
Epidemiology of mycobacterial infections in cattle in two districts of Western Tigray Zone, northern Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted from September, 2010 to July, 2011 on 1,066 cattle (484 dairy and 582 beef) in two districts of Western Tigray Zone, Northern Ethiopia, to investigate the epidemiology of mycobacterial infections in cattle and characterize its causative agents. Comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) test, pathological and bacteriological examination, and molecular typing were employed to undertake this study. The study found the animal tuberculosis (TB) reactor prevalence in dairy cattle to be 6.6% (95% CI, 4.4 to 8.8) and 8.7% (95% CI, 6.2 to 11.2) at ≥4 and ≥2 mm cut-offs, respectively, while the herd prevalence were 61.3% (95% CI, 43.1 to 79.5) at cut-off ≥4 mm and 77.4% (95% CI, 61.8 to 93.0) at cut-off ≥2 mm. On the basis of abattoir survey, the prevalence of tuberculoid lesions was 5.8% in beef cattle with the largest proportion (61.8%) of lesions recorded from the respiratory tract. Bacteria were successfully cultured from 35.3% (12/34) tissue samples; however, only four of these isolates showed signal to the genus Mycobacterium using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These four were members of the non-mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (NMTC). In conclusion, the result of this study suggested the importance of NMTC in cattle of the study area. Key words: Bovine tuberculosis, tuberculin test, risk factors, meat inspection, Western Tigray, Ethiopia.
Low-Calorie Energy Drink Improves Physiological Response to Exercise in Previously Sedentary Men: A Placebo-Controlled Efficacy and Safety Study

Lockwood, CM, Moon, JR, Smith, AE, Tobkin, SE, Kendall, KL, Graef, JL, Cramer, JT, and Stout, JR. Low-calorie energy drink improves physiological response to exercise in previously sendentary men: a placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study. J Strength Cond Res 24(8): 2227-2238, 2010-Energy drink use has grown despite limited research to support efficacy or safety and amid concerns when combined with exercise. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of 10 weeks of once-daily energy drink consumption or energy drink consumption with exercise on measures of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, mood, and safety in previously sedentary males. Thirty-eight males were randomly assigned to energy drink + exercise (EX-A), energy drink (NEX-A), placebo + exercise (EX-B), or placebo (NEX-B). All participants consumed 1 drink per day for 10 weeks; EX-A and EX-B participated in 10 weeks of resistance and endurance exercise. Testing was performed before (PRE) and after (POST) the 10-week intervention. No significant (p > 0.05) changes were observed for body composition, fitness, or strength in NEX-A; however, significantly greater decreases in fat mass and percentage body fat and increases in VO2peak were observed in EX-A versus EX-B. Ventilatory threshold (VT), minute ventilation, &OV0312;O2 at VT, and power output at VT improved significantly PRE to POST in EX-A but not in EX-B or nonexercising groups. Clinical markers for hepatic, renal, cardiovascular, and immune function, as determined by PRE and POST blood work revealed no adverse effects in response to the energy drink. Mood was not affected by energy drink use. Absent energy restriction or other dietary controls, chronic ingestion of a once-daily low-calorie energy drink appears ineffective at improving body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, or strength in sedentary males. However, when combined with exercise, preworkout energy drink consumption may significantly improve some physiological adaptations to combined aerobic and resistance training.
A Comparison of 2 Optical Timing Systems Designed to Measure Flight Time and Contact Time During Jumping and Hopping

Bosquet, L, Berryman, N, and Dupuy, O. A comparison of 2 optical timing systems designed to measure flight time and contact time during jumping and hopping. J Strength Cond Res 23(9): 2660-2665, 2009-This study was designed to investigate the interchangeability of 2 commercial optical timing systems for measuring flight time and contact time during jumping and hopping. Seventy-three physical education students (33 men and 40 women) participated in this study. They were instructed to perform 3 jump protocols (squat jump, countermovement jump, and countermovement jump free arms) and a hopping test (10 seconds with straight legs at a frequency of 2 Hz). Flight time and contact time were measured with 2 optical timing systems (Optojump, Microgate, Italia and IR-mat, Ergotest, Sweden), consisting of 2 bars placed opposite to each other. Both systems trigger a timer with a precision of 1 millisecond each time the infrared light is interrupted by the feet. Jump height was given by the systems, whereas leg stiffness was computed from contact time and flight time. Flight time was higher when measured with the IR-mat (bias ± 95% LOA [limits of agreement] = 5 ± 14 ms, p < 0.001). This difference was trivial (effect size <0.2) and clinically meaningless. The high correlation between sets of data (r = 0.99) together with narrow 95% LOA (3%) support the interchangeability of both systems to measure flight time. Similar results were found with contact time (bias ± 95% LOA = 8 ± 23 ms, p < 0.001, effect size <0.2 and r = 0.99), with the exception that it was the Optojump that provided the higher values. These trivial but significant differences between both systems had minor impact on jumping height (bias ± 95% LOA = 0.6 ± 1.7 cm, p < 0.001), effect size <0.2 and r = 0.99), and stiffness (bias ± 95% LOA = 0.8 ± 1.4 N·m−1·kg−1, p < 0.001, effect size <0.2 and r = 0.98). We concluded that both systems can be used interchangeably.
Effect of Circuit Training on the Sprint-Agility and Anaerobic Endurance

Taşkin, H. Effect of circuit training on the sprint-agility and anaerobic endurance. J Strength Cond Res 23(6): 1803-1810, 2009-The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of circuit training directed toward motion and action velocity over the sprint-agility and anaerobic endurance. A total of 32 healthy male physical education students with a mean age of 23.92 ± 1.51 years were randomly allocated into a circuit training group (CTG; n = 16) and control group (CG; n = 16). A circuit training consisting of 8 stations was applied to the subjects 3 days a week for 10 weeks. Circuit training program was executed with 75% of maximal motion numbers in each station. The FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) test battery, which was designed by FIFA, was used for measuring sprint-agility and anaerobic endurance. Pre- and posttraining testing of participants included assessments of sprint-agility and anaerobic endurance. Following training, there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in sprint-agility between pre- and posttesting for the CTG (pretest = 14.76 ± 0.48 seconds, posttest = 14.47 ± 0.43 seconds). Also, there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in anaerobic endurance between pre- and posttesting for the CG (pretest = 31.53 ± 0.48 seconds, posttest = 30.73 ± 0.50 seconds). In conclusion, circuit training, which is designed to be performed 3 days a week during 10 weeks of training, improves sprint-agility and anaerobic endurance.
Development of a family-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme: an exploratory study

Abstract Purpose: This study explored the expectations of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and family members about a family-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme; developed and implemented a family-based PR programme and explored the impacts of the intervention on patients and family members. Method: Patients with COPD and family members were interviewed. A family-based PR programme was designed. Patients' breathlessness, muscle strength, exercise tolerance, functional balance and health-related quality of life were collected pre/post-programme. Family coping and adjustment to illness were measured in patients and family members. Focus groups were conducted after the programme. Results: Patients (n = 35; 69 ± 10 years; FEV1 62 ± 15% predicted) and family members (n = 35; 57 ± 12 years) had similar expectations/needs about a PR programme. Nine dyads participated. Patients' quadriceps strength, exercise tolerance and functional balance improved significantly (all p values < 0.023). Patients and family members seem to use more positive coping behaviours (p = 0.026; p = 0.011). Patients (n = 7; 78%) and family members (n = 8; 89%) considered having more knowledge about COPD and its management. Patients felt more functional (n = 9; 100%) and reported their family members to be more active (n = 3; 38%). In family members' perspective, their relationship with the care receiver was enhanced (n = 2; 22%). Conclusions: PR programmes, if inclusive of family members, may enhance the skills of the whole family to manage COPD. Implications for Rehabilitation Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their family members have similar expectations and needs about a family-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme. A family-based PR programme is feasible to implement within primary care. PR programmes, if inclusive of family members, may enhance the skills of the whole family to manage COPD.