Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The bereavement model, stroke and rehabilitation: a critical analysis of the use of a psychological model in professional practice

Purpose: This pilot study aimed to explore with stroke survivors, carers and professionals, the impact of stroke and the process of recovery and rehabilitation. One theme that emerged in interviews with professionals was their use of the bereavement model in relation to recovery from stroke. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways in which professionals use the bereavement model to explain and manage the rehabilitation of stroke survivors. Method: A person-centred study using qualitative research methods, semi structured interviews and self report diaries to explore with stroke survivors and carers the impact of stroke on their lives. Twenty-five interviews with stroke survivors, 23 individual or with carers and seven in two focus groups. Evidence from four self- report diaries provided more detailed examples of the everyday experiences of the survivors. A set of parallel interviews involving 17 professionals involved in the care and support of such individuals, nine individual and one group interview involving a community rehabilitation team. Results: The bereavement model can be identified in the literature aimed at professionals, and was evident in some professional accounts of stroke but was absent from survivors' and carers' accounts of stroke. In over half the interviews, professionals made reference to the bereavement model to explain a process of loss and readjustment. While survivors in their accounts of life after a stroke did acknowledge the ways in which stroke disrupted every-day life and resulted in losses and disabilities, their perception of such losses and disruption was shaped by the context of their every-day life. Most survivors sought to actively manage their recovery by setting goals. They wanted professional support in achieving their goals. The bereavement model appeared to be used by professionals in situations where there was a conflict over goals and professionals felt that survivors had become ‘stuck’ and their goals unrealistic. Conclusions: Following stroke, people try to make sense of what has happened and normalize their lives by setting themselves goals to progress towards recovery. It is important that professionals communicate effectively so that their interventions are grounded in and support the survivors' goals and strategies.
K‐ras point mutations in human colorectal carcinomas: Relation to aneuploidy and metastasis

Material from paraffin sections of 109 human colorectal carcinomas, mostly obtained at autopsy, was analyzed for the presence of K‐ras point mutations at codon 12, position 2. Mutations at this position were found in 23 cases (21.1%). Aneuploid colorectal carcinomas showed a significantly higher prevalence of K‐ras point mutations than diploid tumors, suggesting an involvement of ras mutations in the development of aneuploidy. No differences in the prevalence of K‐ras mutations were observed with respect to the patients' age, sex and tumor type. In metastases, the type of ras gene mutation was always identical to that of the respective primary tumor. Mutations were not found in metastases from primary tumors devoid of ras mutations. This renders a clonal selection of K‐ras mutated cells from a wild‐type primary tumor during the metastatic process unlikely. However, nearly twice as many ras gene mutations were seen in metastatic than in non‐metastatic primary tumors. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validation of quality of life questionnaire for patients with cancer--Indian scenario.

BACKGROUND Quality of Life (QOL) is an important health outcome measure in oncology. Given the underlying pressure of individual geo-political entities, a universal solution may not be applicable and hence there is a need to develop a regional tool and standardize the same to address the linguistic and socio-cultural factors. OBJECTIVE To standardize a tool to assess the QOL of patients with cancer to suit the Indian scenario. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples were collected from the Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai. Samples comprise of 400 patients with all sites and stages of cancer. PERIOD January 2001 to January 2002. Patients were in the age range of 41-60 years. Thirty-eight items were pooled from existing tools, reviews, and the field trial, by which face and factorial validity were established. Reliability of the tool was also tested. Correlation analysis was done to find out the relation between the domains of QOL. STATISTICS USED: Principal component method with varimax rotation was used. Spearmen product moment correlation and Cronbach alpha coefficient were used for reliability analysis. RESULTS Ten factors emerged with Eigen values ranging from 8.55 to 1.10 and accounted for 62.6% of variance. The first factor contributed maximally, 22% of variance. The remaining nine factors contributed totally to 40% of the variance on QOL. The ten factors that emerged were psychological well being, self-adequacy, physical well being, confidence in self-ability, external support, pain, mobility, optimism and belief, interpersonal relationship and self-sufficiency and independence. The internal consistency using Cronbach alpha test was 0.90 and split-half reliability was 0.74. CONCLUSION The tool was found to be highly reliable and valid. It was feasible to administer it at clinical settings.
Delayed Type IV Muscle Flap in a Feline Model

The concept of delaying a skin flap is well established and has been implemented into plastic surgery practice for years. Some investigators have delayed musculocutaneous flaps to improve the perforator inflow. To our knowledge, the concept of delaying a muscle flap had previously never been tested in a model with segmental pedicles. Five cats each underwent 3 sequential operations providing them with a sartorius muscle whose blood supply was a single distal pedicle. The opposite leg was used as a control. Our delayed type IV muscle flap demonstrated perfusion to the proximal tip of the sartorius muscle without necrosis or loss of muscle mass (P < 0.0001). The control showed no evidence of perfusion beyond the distal portion of the muscle when infused through the distal pedicle. The delayed flap can survive on a distal blood supply that would not be adequate in a single-stage procedure. This flap has an increased arc of rotation that may provide solutions to difficult reconstructive problems in the groin, lower abdomen, genitalia, knee, proximal leg, and might be suitable as a free flap.
Meta-Analysis of Treatment for Child Sexual Behavior Problems: Practice Elements and Outcomes

This meta-analysis of 11 treatment outcome studies evaluated 18 specific treatments of sexual behavior problems (SBP) as a primary or secondary target. Specifically, it examines relations among child characteristics, treatment characteristics (including practice elements), and short-term outcome (including sexual and general behavior problems). Utilizing pre- and postintervention results, the overall degree of change over the course of treatment was estimated at a 0.46 and 0.49 standard deviation decline in SBP and general behavior problems, respectively. As hypothesized, the caregiver practice element Parenting/Behavior Management Skills (BPT) predicted the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (and the Child Behavior Checklist when BPT was combined with caregiver Rules about Sexual Behaviors). In contrast, practice elements that evolved from Adult Sex Offender (ASO) treatments were not significant predictors. BPT and preschool age group provided the best model fit and more strongly predicted outcome than broad treatment type classifications (e.g., Play Therapy or Cognitive Behavior Therapy). Results question current treatments for children with SBP that are based on ASO models of treatment without caregiver involvement.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the treatment of childhood hydrocephalus in Uganda: report of a scoring system that predicts success.

OBJECT In Uganda, childhood hydrocephalus is common and difficult to treat. In some children, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) can be successful and avoid dependence on a shunt. This can be especially beneficial in Uganda, because of the high risk of infection and long-term failure associated with shunting. Therefore, the authors developed and validated a model to predict the chances of ETV success, taking into account the unique characteristics of a large sub-Saharan African population. METHODS All children presenting with hydrocephalus at CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda (CCHU) between 2001 and 2007 were offered ETV as first-line treatment and were prospectively followed up. A multivariable logistic regression model was built using ETV success at 6 months as the outcome. The model was derived on 70% of the sample (training set) and validated on the remaining 30% (validation set). RESULTS Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was attempted in 1406 patients. Of these, 427 were lost to follow-up prior to 6 months. In the remaining 979 patients, the ETV was aborted in 281 due to poor anatomy/visibility and in 310 the ETV failed during the first 6 months. Therefore, a total of 388 of 979 (39.6% and [55.6% of completed ETVs]) procedures were successful at 6 months. The mean age at ETV was 12.6 months, and 57.8% of cases were postinfectious in origin. The authors' logistic regression model contained the following significant variables: patient age at ETV, cause of hydrocephalus, and whether choroid plexus cauterization was performed. In the training set (676 patients) and validation set (303 patients), the model was able to accurately predict the probability of successful ETV (Hosmer-Lemeshow p value > 0.60 and C statistic > 0.70). The authors developed the simplified CCHU ETV Success Score that can be used in the field to predict the probability of ETV success. CONCLUSIONS The authors' model will allow clinicians to accurately identify children with a good chance of successful outcome with ETV, taking into account the unique characteristics and circumstances of the Ugandan population.
Socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle factors, and self-rated health among men and women in Sweden.

BACKGROUND Socioeconomic conditions and lifestyle factors have been found to be related to self-rated health, which is an established predictor of morbidity and mortality. Few studies, however, have investigated the independent effect of material and psychosocial conditions as well as lifestyle factors on self-rated health. METHODS The association between socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle factors, and self-rated health was investigated using a postal survey questionnaire sent to a random population sample of men and women aged 18-79 years during March-May 2000. The overall response rate was 65%. The area investigated covers 58 municipalities in the central part of Sweden. Multivariate odds ratios for poor self-rated health were calculated for a range of variables. A total of 36 048 subjects with full data were included in the analysis. Similar analyses of the influence of working conditions were conducted among those employed aged 18-64 years (17 820 subjects). RESULTS The overall prevalence of poor self-rated health was 7% among men and 9% among women. Poor self-rated health was most common among persons who had been belittled, who had experienced economic hardship, who lacked social support, or who had retired early. A low educational level was independently associated with poor self-rated health among men, but not among women. Physically inactive as well as underweight and obese subjects were more likely to have poor self-rated health than other subjects. Working conditions associated with poor self-rated health were dissatisfaction with work, low job control and worry about losing one's job. CONCLUSION While a cross-sectional study does not allow definite conclusions as to which factors are determinants and which are consequences of poor self-rated, the present findings support the notion that both psychosocial and material conditions as well as lifestyle factors are independently related with poor self-rated health.
Disminución en la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Toxoplasma gondii en adultos del valle central de Costa Rica

Centro de Investigacion en Hemoglobinas Anormales y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA), Universidad de Costa Rica.Correspondencia y reproducciones: Ileana Holst-Schumacher, Universidad de Costa Rica. Apartado Postal 2060.San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, Costa Rica, America Central. Fax: (506) 225-2374/ (506) 207-5440Phone(506) 225-2374/ (506) 207-4389 e-mail: iholst@cariari.ucr. ac.crMELISSA ZAPATA*, LILLIANA REYES**e ILEANA HOLST***
Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous People

but have felt out of place in organizations that are designed for and run by middle class white men. The women Campbell has worked with have often had the same experience, being unable to discuss their illness with partners or other members of their community and finding a dearth of accessible support organizations. Gender, class and ethnicity interact in the impact that HIV/AIDS has on individuals. Campbell shies away from the implication of her study, which is that there is a hierarchy of suffering, gay men being the disease’s most prominent victims but also the best supported. Yet it seems clear that there is such a hierarchy. Researchers should not be ashamed of naming it. The spread and impact of the disease reflects – though by no means perfectly – the differential access to resources, power and control of different groups in different parts of the world. Campbell has produced a moving work, drawing on extensive research: it certainly should be read by those in government who are meant to be formulating policies to combat HIV/AIDS and poverty. The message is that, without strong action at international, national and community levels, social exclusion and the virus combine to produce a tragic outcome for vulnerable men, women and children.
Acetate Free Biofiltration with Potassium Profiled Dialysate (AFB-K)

Hyperkalaemia is a common, significant electrolyte disorder in uremia. Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing haemodialysis (HD) accumulate potassium during the interdialysis period, and clearance of this potassium is one of the functions of haemodialysis. A sudden decrease in blood potassium levels during haemodialysis can induce or worsen arrhythmias, (Cupisti et al., 1999) particularly in patients already suffering arrhythmia or with risk factors for developing arrhythmia, such as heart disease of any origin, old age and diabetes mellitus, disorders which are highly prevalent in our dialysis units. Acetate Free Biofiltration with Potassium Profiled Dialysate (AFB-K) is a new haemodialysis technique that uses a potassium profiled dialysate (high at the start and low at the end of dialysis), so that by maintaining a constant potassium gradient between dialysate and blood, the decrease in blood potassium is slower – thereby contributing to prevent the appearance of arrhythmia (Santoro et al., 2002).
The contemporary nucleus: A trip down memory lane

The nucleus is one of the hallmarks of eukaryotic cells. The history of its discovery and characterisation is intimately entangled with that of cell biology as a discipline. Here, we provide a broad historical perspective of the nucleus, from its initial descriptions until the present. We describe the key events that led to the formulation of the chromosomal theory, the discovery of the nuclear pore complex, nucleo‐cytoplasmic transport and the structure of chromatin. We also focus on the rising importance of the nuclear periphery as a key subject in nuclear research, with the characterisation of the multiple roles of nuclear lamina and the proteins involved in connecting the nuclear envelope and the cytoskeleton. Over the last decades, critical technical advancements from electron microscopy to protein structural characterisation have allowed us to gain in‐depth knowledge of nuclear substructure and components, from its core to the envelope. This knowledge has set the stage for a rising challenge: understanding specialised nuclear configurations and their role in different tissues, developmental stages and disease.
Tuberculosis in Lung Transplant Recipients

Background. Post-lung transplant infection is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The cause and incidence are similar in many series; however, infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis are influenced by the epidemiologic situation. The authors present a prospective and observational study to define the incidence, clinical presentation, and course of tuberculosis in a cohort of lung transplant patients at a single center in Spain. Methods. Between 1990 and 2002, cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity testing and pathologic and microbiologic study of explanted lungs were conducted in 187 lung transplant patients. Serial bronchoscopies with transbronchial biopsy and bronchioalveolar lavage were performed during follow-up. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was established only when M. tuberculosis was identified in any sample or when histopathologic study was conclusive. Results. Forty-eight patients were classified as anergic (25.6%) and 61 (32.6%) were classified as having a positive tuberculin skin test. Of the 109 patients, 95 received latent tuberculosis infection prophylaxis. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 12 patients (6.41%); in six of them, diagnosis was determined from the explanted lungs. The remainder were diagnosed during follow-up. Fever and dyspnea were the most common symptoms. Chest radiographic findings presented an alveolar pattern. All patients responded well to antituberculous therapy; no deaths were attributable to tuberculosis. Conclusions. In the authors’ experience, tuberculosis is not rare in lung transplant patients and can be managed successfully with antituberculous therapy without rifampin. A systematic protocol for diagnosing tuberculosis of the explanted lung is useful for reducing tuberculous complications of the implanted lung.
Evaluation par le test d'inoculation sur feuille du niveau de résistance de trente clones vis-à-vis de plusieurs especes de Phytophthora

Le projet sur l'Utilisation et la conservation des ressources genetiques du cacaoyer, finance principalement par le CFC et coordonne par l'IPGRI, a pour but de renforcer l'evaluation des ressources genetiques en utilisant des methodes traditionnelles de selection. Depuis 1997, ce projet a permis de constituer un reseau d'evaluation de genotypes du cacaoyer dans dix pays producteurs, en Amerique, en Afrique et en Asie. Un des objectifs majeurs est de trouver des varietes plus resistantes aux maladies et insectes du cacaoyer. Des essais multilocaux de clones et d'hybrides ont ete plantes par chacun des partenaires du projet. Pour cela, 42 clones, dont 20 communs, ont ete livres a chaque pays durant les deux premieres annees par les centres de quarantaine du CIRAD a Montpellier et de l'Universite de Reading. L'evaluation du niveau de resistance a la pourriture brune d'une trentaine de ces clones a ete realisee par le CIRAD a Montpellier, par le test d'inoculation sur feuilles, en utilisant 28 isolats differents de P. palmivora, P. megakarya et P. capsici, originaires des dix pays producteurs de cacao participant au projet. Le nombre de repetitions d'inoculation pour chaque combinaison clone/souche est de quatre, avec 10 disques de feuilles par repetition. L'article presente en premier lieu une caracterisation des differents isolats et especes utilises. Le niveau d'agressivite des isolats est influence par les conditions de mise en culture et de preparation des inoculums. Les resultats des inoculations presentes ensuite, montrent des effets significatifs des isolats et des clones. Le classement des isolats et le classement des clones, suivant leur niveau d'agressivite et de resistance respectivement, sont detailles. Les clones les plus resistants sont IMC47, PA120, GU255/V, GU307/V, NA33, SCA6, AMAZ15-15, MAN15-2 et P7. Les clones les plus sensibles sont LAF1, N38, EET59, VENC22, BE10, LCT-EEN46, MXC67 et EQX33603. Pour l'espece P. palmivora, les isolats de Trinidad et un de Cote d'Ivoire sont plus agressifs que les isolats de Nouvelle Guinee d'Equateur du Ghana ou de Malaisie. Pour l'espece P. megakarya, les isolats du Nigeria sont plus agressifs que ceux du Cameroun et du Ghana. Pour l'espece P. capsici les isolats de Trinidad sont plus agressifs que ceux de Malaisie. Les effets d'interaction hote-parasite sont generalement moins important que les effets des clones et des souches. Cette stabilite relative de la resistance vis-a-vis d'especes et de souches differentes de Phytophthora pourrait faciliter la selection de varietes a large spectre de resistance. (Resume d'auteur)
Randomized trial of exercise effect on intrahepatic triglyceride content and lipid kinetics in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alterations in hepatic lipoprotein kinetics are common metabolic complications associated with obesity. Lifestyle modification involving diet‐induced weight loss and regular exercise decreases intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride (TG) secretion rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the weight loss‐independent effect of following the physical activity guidelines recommended by the Department of Health and Human Services on IHTG content and VLDL kinetics in obese persons with NAFLD. Eighteen obese people (body mass index [BMI]: 38.1 ± 4.6 kg/m2) with NAFLD were randomized to 16 weeks of exercise training (45%‐55% V̇O2peak, 30‐60 minutes × 5 days/week; n = 12) or observation (control; n = 6). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and stable isotope tracer infusions in conjunction with compartmental modeling were used to evaluate IHTG content and hepatic VLDL‐TG and apolipoprotein B‐100 (apoB‐100) secretion rates. Exercise training resulted in a 10.3% ± 4.6% decrease in IHTG content (P < 0.05), but did not change total body weight (103.1 ± 4.2 kg before and 102.9 ± 4.2 kg after training) or percent body fat (38.9% ± 2.1% before and 39.2% ± 2.1% after training). Exercise training did not change the hepatic VLDL‐TG secretion rate (17.7 ± 3.9 μmol/min before and 16.8 ± 5.4 μmol/min after training) or VLDL‐apoB‐100 secretion rate (1.5 ± 0.5 nmol/min before and 1.6 ± 0.6 nmol/min after training). Conclusion: Following the Department of Health and Human Services recommended physical activity guidelines has small but beneficial effects on IHTG content, but does not improve hepatic lipoprotein kinetics in obese persons with NAFLD. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;55:1738–1745)