Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Monocytic Suppressive Cells Promote Replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Alter Stability of in vitro Generated Granulomas

Tuberculosis (TB) has tremendous public health relevance. It most frequently affects the lung and is characterized by the development of unique tissue lesions, termed granulomas. These lesions encompass various immune populations, with macrophages being most extensively investigated. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been recently identified in TB patients, both in the circulation and at the site of infection, however their interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and their impact on granulomas remain undefined. We generated human monocytic MDSCs and observed that their suppressive capacities are retained upon Mtb infection. We employed an in vitro granuloma model, which mimics human TB lesions to some extent, with the aim of analyzing the roles of MDSCs within granulomas. MDSCs altered the structure of and affected bacterial containment within granuloma-like structures. These effects were partly controlled through highly abundant secreted IL-10. Compared to macrophages, MDSCs activated primarily the NF-κB and MAPK pathways and the latter largely contributed to the release of IL-10 and replication of bacteria within in vitro generated granulomas. Moreover, MDSCs upregulated PD-L1 and suppressed proliferation of lymphocytes, albeit with negligible effects on Mtb replication. Further comprehensive characterization of MDSCs in TB will contribute to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and facilitate the design of novel immune-based interventions for this deadly infection.
Effect of He: Ne laser on neutrophils phagocytic activity

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects exerted by He:Ne laser (632.8 nm) low level laser irradiation (LLLI) on neutrophil activity in response to op sonized zymosan. Human buffy coat leukocytes primed with opsonized zymosan were exposed to 10 mw He:Ne laser at energy densities of 1-5 J/cm 2 . Phagocytic activity was assessed by measuring percent of phagocytosis, H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO) generation together with neutrophil-associated nitric oxide synthetase activity (NOS) and Arginase I mRNA. LLLI stimulated neutrophil's phagocytic activity and free radicals generation. This effect was intensified, when neutrophils were dually stimulated by LLLI and opsonized zymosan within the dose range of 3-5 with maximum activity at 5 J/cm 2 .
What Works and for Whom: A Review of OECD Countries' Experiences with Active Labour Market Policies

Although rather discouraging in general, the evaluation literature indicates some measures that have been successful. Job-search assistance, wage subsidies in the private sector, and labour market training do work for some groups, even if the impacts are not large. Also, the evaluation literature focuses on the impacts of one-off programs. Regular interventions, such as job-search monitoring, intensive interviews, and referrals to vacant jobs, have rarely been evaluated rigorously. Recently, introduced "activation" strategies in some OECD countries do appear to yield significant employment gains for participants. An important element in such strategies is experiments with alternative ways of improving the performance of the public employment service. Activation policies which combine high-quality assistance to find work with pressure on unemployed people to accept job offers can be effective with respect to unemployment duration, but more rapid returns to work sometimes comes at the cost of accepting lower re-employment earnings. Although active policies might give rise to displacement effects in the short run, this need not be case the over the medium run of a few years. Declines in structural employment rates achieved by many OECD countries in the 1990s give some reasons for optimism in this respect.
Financial Frictions in Production Networks

We study how an economy’s production structure determines the response of aggregate output and employment to sectoral financial shocks. In our framework, economic production is organized in an input-output network in which firms face financial constraints on their working capital. We show how sectoral financial shocks propagate through the network and manifest at the aggregate level through two channels: a fall in total factor productivity and an aggregate labor wedge distortion. The strength of each channel depends on the overall network architecture and the location of shocks. Finally, we calibrate our model to the U.S. input-output tables and use it to quantitatively assess the role of the network multiplier within the context of the recent Financial Crisis and the Great Recession.
Regular Dirichlet extensions of one-dimensional Brownian motion

The regular Dirichlet extension is the dual concept of regular Dirichlet subspace. The main purpose of this paper is to characterize all the regular Dirichlet extensions of one-dimensional Brownian motion and to explore their structures. It is shown that every regular Dirichlet extension of one-dimensional Brownian motion may essentially decomposed into at most countable disjoint invariant intervals and an $\mathcal{E}$-polar set relative to this regular Dirichlet extension. On each invariant interval the regular Dirichlet extension is characterized uniquely by a scale function in a given class. To explore the structure of regular Dirichlet extension we apply the idea introduced in [17], we formulate the trace Dirichlet forms and attain the darning process associated with the restriction to each invariant interval of the orthogonal complement of $H^1_\mathrm{e}(\mathbb{R})$ in the extended Dirichlet space of the regular Dirichlet extension. As a result, we find an answer to a long-standing problem whether a pure jump Dirichlet form has proper regular Dirichlet subspaces.
Viscosity of concentrated sucrose and trehalose aqueous solutions including the supercooled regime

The viscosity of aqueous solutions of sucrose and trehalose is analyzed over a wide range of concentrations and temperatures covering the normal liquid and supercooled liquid regions, close to the glass transition temperature. These sugar solutions are fragile systems whose viscosity exhibits temperature dependence with a large departure from Arrhenius behavior. A description of the temperature and concentration dependences of the solution viscosity is given in terms of a scaled Arrhenius representation, which adopts the reduced temperature Tg∕T as the state variable. A comparison with results obtained from other theoretical or semiempirical equations is also presented.
Evaluation of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated school classrooms using CFD

This paper investigates the performance and control of natural ventilation during the heating season in order to avoid occupant discomfort. The current study examined different window configurations under a wide range of external temperatures and wind speeds using a CFD simulation tool. The results showed that thermally comfortable indoor conditions could be achieved in a UK classroom when external temperatures are as low as 8°C using high-level openable windows. At lower external temperatures, occupants are predicted to be thermally dissatisfied due to localised discomfort caused by draughts. The results from the CFD model also suggest that acceptable internal thermal conditions can be maintained with wind speeds up to 10m/s, for an external temperature of 10°C. The PMV results indicated that thermal comfort is achieved and is uniformly distributed within the classroom. This work will enable the UK’s Education Funding Agency to have a greater understanding of the effective control of windows to eliminate wintertime discomfort and avoid unnecessary heating for naturally ventilated spaces.
Financial development and innovation-led growth

For at least 5000 years, people have created, modified and used financial instruments, markets and intermediaries. Whether it was the use of money and debt to facilitate specialization and investment in Babylonia in 3000 BC (Van de Mieroop, 2005), the creation of market-traded securities in ancient Rome to mobilize capital for immense minig projets (Rostovotzeff, 1957; Malmendier, 2005).
Behavioral / Systems / Cognitive Natural Stimulus Statistics Alter the Receptive Field Structure of V 1 Neurons

Studies of the primary visual cortex (V1) have produced models that account for neuronal responses to synthetic stimuli such as sinusoidal gratings. Little is known about how these models generalize to activity during natural vision. We recorded neural responses in area V1 of awake macaques to a stimulus with natural spatiotemporal statistics and to a dynamic grating sequence stimulus. We fit nonlinear receptive field models using each of these data sets and compared how well they predicted time-varying responses to a novel natural visual stimulus. On average, the model fit using the natural stimulus predicted natural visual responses more than twice as accurately as the model fit to the synthetic stimulus. The natural vision model produced better predictions in 75% of the neurons studied. This large difference in predictive power suggests that natural spatiotemporal stimulus statistics activate nonlinear response properties in a different manner than the grating stimulus. To characterize this modulation, we compared the temporal and spatial response properties of the model fits. During natural stimulation, temporal responses often showed a stronger late inhibitory component, indicating an effect of nonlinear temporal summation during natural vision. In addition, spatial tuning underwent complex shifts, primarily in the inhibitory, rather than excitatory, elements of the response profile. These differences in late and spatially tuned inhibition accounted fully for the difference in predictive power between the two models. Both the spatial and temporal statistics of the natural stimulus contributed to the modulatory effects.
Factor Analysis of Organizational Stress Causes in IT Personnel in India

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline. net © Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. 64 Premkumar Balaraman, Priya Kamalakannan* MBA Department, SRM University, Chennai, India. *MBA Department, SRM University, Chennai, India. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: priyadrew@gmail.com
Who Participates in Risk Transfer Markets? The Role of Transaction Costs and Counterparty Risk

We analyze the role of transaction costs in risk transfer markets. For example, when these markets are in their infancy, they are characterized by few contracts and high transaction costs. In this case, we show that only highly risk-averse buyers (e.g., hedgers) exist in the market alongside high quality counterparties, and no asymmetric information can be present on either the quality of the risk being transferred or the quality of the counterparty to which the risk is ceded. With lower transaction costs, we show that less risk-averse buyers (e.g., speculators) will enter the market thereby increasing risk transfer; however, these buyers will choose to contract with less stable counterparties. When transaction costs are low, we show that asymmetric information on the quality of the risk being transferred and of the quality of the counterparties can exist in equilibrium. Finally, we analyze the effect of a transaction tax, which is viewed simply as an increase in transaction costs. Such a tax is shown to push relatively less risk-averse buyers out of the market, which tends to reduce the relative number of unstable counterparties. In addition, we show that it reduces the rents that can be extracted due to asymmetric information.
CHAPTER 7 THE USE OF LEPTOSPERMUM HONEY ON CHRONIC WOUNDS IN BREAST CARE

The following case studies illustrate how honey-based wound dressings were successfully incorporated into the care plan of two patients with breast lesions. In the first case, wound breakdown followed breast reduction surgery and, in the second, necrosis developed after radiotherapy. In both cases the wounds were refractory to ‘first line’ treatment but resolved with honey. Whilst there is a large body of evidence to support the use of honey in other wound types, there are few reports in breast care (Mossel, 1980; Keast-Butler, 1980).
Treatment of Haemophilia A by Replacement Therapy using Factor VIII Inhibitors

Haemophilia A is a very severe disease which is caused due to deficiency of a protein clotting factor VIII. Haemophilia A is X-linked recessive disorder which can be treated by the replacement therapy or by development of an inhibitors or antibodies against the FVIII. Hemarthroses is a disease in which bleeding in the joint spaces occur. This disease occurs approximately 70 to 80% in haemophilic patients. Then here we review about the epidimicity that deals with the transformation of haemophilia A. Then the process of inhibition stated, in which under the influence of some chemical substances the specific chemical process may inhibit. So, different replacement therapy may be ineffective when an inhibitor affect the factor Vǀǀǀ gene. In the end here stated different treatments for the management & control of disease, so among them the counselling between physician & patient is very effective.
The effect of in ovo injection of grape seed extract and vitamin C on hatchability, antioxidant activity, yolk sac weight, performance and ileal micro flora of broiler chickens.

The influence of in ovo administration of grape seed extract (GSE) and vitamin C on hatchability, glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), yolk sac weight, performance and ileal microflora of broiler chickens were investigated in broiler. A total of 490 fertile eggs were divided into seven groups: control group (not punctured nor treated with additive), control group (penetrated with no additive), sham group (normal saline, 0.5 ml/egg), GSE (3 mg/egg), GSE (4.5 mg/egg), GSE (6 mg/egg) and vitamin C (3 mg/egg). Experimental preparations were injected into eggs at day 18 of incubation period. Hatched chicks were raised till 10 days of age. In ovo injection of 4.5 mg GSE/egg significantly increased hatchability and GPx activity. However, there were no significant differences among day-old weight, yolk sac weight and mortality of chicks. In ovo administration of 4.5 mg GSE or vitamin C increased average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of chickens compared to control groups. Further, In ovo injection of 4.5, 6 mg GSE or 3 mg vitamin C decreased ileal population of Coliforms and E. Coli. In conclusion, in ovo injection of 4.5 mg GSE/egg injected on 18 d of incubation has positive effect on broiler chickens and has no adverse effect on the performance of birds during starter period.
Organizational Aspects of Internal and External Review of the Police

The issue of civilian complaint review boards for incidents involving citizen grievances against the police has continued unresolved for over a decade. While most of the acrimonious debate has been carried on at the municipal level, Presidential commissions, the FBI, and many national organizations have contributed arguments and recommendations at one time or another.l Nevertheless, the debate has had to thrive mainly on ideology, rhetoric, and opinion, for few cities have experimented with civilian review boards, making data difficult to obtain. There i5 one city, however, that did have an operating civilian review board for a suicient length of time to permit an analysis of its activities. For about ten years (1958-1969), the Mayors of Philadelphia appointed a group of prominent citizens to the Philadelphia Police Advisory Board (PAB) that had a mandate to accept citizen complaints about alleged police misconduct.2 At the same time, the Philadelphia Police Department's Police Board of Inquiry (PBI) continued to hear cases that involved citizen complaints, although the bulk of its activity centered on intemally generated disciplinary cases. Data on both these
Space and Time in Perception and Action: Conceptual influence on the flash-lag effect and representational momentum

When judging the position of a moving object, human observers do not perceive and memorize the moving object’s correct position. There are two known phenomena in judged position errors of a moving object, representational momentum (RM) and the flash-lag effect (FLE), both of which we consider here. RM was originally reported by Freyd and Finke (1984). Freyd and colleagues displayed a series of still frames to imply the rotation of a rectangle (e.g., Freyd & Finke 1984, 1985; Freyd & Johnson 1987). Observers saw three views of a rectangle at different rotations about its center, with 250 ms display duration with 250 ms interstimulus interval. The fourth rectangle was presented as a probe 250 ms after the third frame presentation. The rotation of the probe was selected from possible positions symmetrically distributed around the actual third position of rectangle. Observers were asked whether the rectangle in the third frame (the last frame of the motion sequence) was the same orientation as the probe. The results showed that their memory for the third orientation tended to be shifted in the direction of rotation. In other words, the orientation of the probe rectangle had to be rotated slightly further to be judged as being in the same position as the third rectangle. To account for the forward shift of the final position of a stimulus undergoing implied motion, some authors postulate that the dynamics of the representational system follow physical laws, such as momentum (representational momentum; RM Finke & Freyd 1985; Finke et al. 1986; Freyd 1987; Finke & Shyi 1988). RM is a robust effect as observed with smooth object motion and in pointing at the final position of a moving object (e.g., Hubbard & Bharucha 1988). Several variables influence RM (for review, Hubbard 1995b). RM increases with the velocity (e.g., Freyd & Finke 1985; Hubbard & Bharucha 1988; Nagai & Saiki 2005) and acceleration of the moving target (Finke et al. 1986), pointing to the similarity between RM and physical momentum. Hubbard and others demonstrated that RM may reflect physical principles. For example, RM increases downward, in the direction of gravity (Hubbard & Bharucha 1988; 1995a, 1997; Reed & Vinson 1996; Hubbard & Ruppel 1999; Nagai et al. 2002; Vinson & Reed 2002), whereas implied friction between a moving stimulus and an adjoining surface reduces RM (Hubbard 1995a; see also Nagai & Yagi 2001). Moreover, RM is influenced by real-world knowledge of the typical motions of familiar objects (Freyd
Fast Rate Conditions in Statistical Learning

We study conditions under which the order of convergence of algorithms in statistical learning can be improved from OP(n) to OP(n) (up to logarithmic factors) in the number of data points. If excess losses are bounded, it is known that two conditions, called Bernstein’s and strong central condition, are equivalent and lead to fast rates both for Empirical Risk Minimization and for randomized algorithms. If the excess losses are unbounded, they are no longer equivalent and are known to lead to faster rates either under additional assumptions or for specific randomized algorithms. We investigate their relation in the unbounded case and show weak, realistic assumptions under which they become equivalent. Furthermore, in this regime we show tighter bounds than those presented in the literature. Title: Fast Rate Conditions in Statistical Learning Author: Muriel Felipe Pérez Ortiz, muriel.perezortiz@student.uva. nl, 11391758 Supervisor: Prof. dr. P.D. Grünwald, Prof. dr. J.H. van Zanten Second Examiner: Prof. dr. B.J.K. Kleijn Examination date: September 20, 2018 Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics University of Amsterdam Science Park 105-107, 1098 XG Amsterdam http://kdvi.uva. nl Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica Science Park 123, 1098 XG Amsterdam http://www.cwi. nl
Fermi Large Area Telescope Third Source Catalog

We present the third Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) source catalog (3FGL) of sources in the 100MeV– 300 GeV range. Based on the first 4 yr of science data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission, it is the deepest yet in this energy range. Relative to the Second Fermi LAT catalog, the 3FGL catalog incorporates twice as much data, as well as a number of analysis improvements, including improved calibrations at the event reconstruction level, an updated model for Galactic diffuse γ-ray emission, a refined procedure for source detection, and improved methods for associating LAT sources with potential counterparts at other wavelengths. The 3FGL catalog includes 3033 sources above 4σ significance, with source location regions, spectral properties, and monthly light curves for each. Of these, 78 are flagged as potentially being due to imperfections in the model for Galactic diffuse emission. Twenty-five sources are modeled explicitly as spatially extended, and overall 238 sources are considered as identified based on angular extent or correlated variability (periodic or otherwise) observed at other wavelengths. For 1010 sources we have not found plausible counterparts at other wavelengths. More than 1100 of the identified or associated sources are active galaxies of the blazar class; several other classes of non-blazar active galaxies are also represented in the 3FGL. Pulsars represent the largest Galactic source class. From source counts of Galactic sources we estimate that the contribution of unresolved sources to the Galactic diffuse emission is ∼3% at 1 GeV.
Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma - non-cancer factors and implications for improving outcome beyond standard tumor criteria

Liver transplantation (LT) is recognized as best treatment option in patients with early hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in underlying liver cirrhosis. Apart from tumor size and number implemented in the Milan criteria, which are current worldwide standards for patient selection, several biological tumor factors have been identified to affect cancer-specific outcome. In particular, grading and vascular tumor invasions were shown to correlate with aggressive biological tumor behavior and poor survival following LT. Identifying tumors with favorable biology is one important approach for expanding the pool of eligible liver recipients beyond the Milan burden limits. Improving the immunological state and condition for appropriate defense against circulating cancer cell attack may be another important prognostic aspect. Therefore, there is increasing interest in non-cancer factors related to the peritransplant period that may influence the oncological outcome by providing negative immunomodulatory actions. Considering and modulation of these non-HCC factors of prognosis might contribute in safely expanding the HCC LT selection criteria.