Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linking adverbials in English

Linking adverbials play an important role in textual cohesion. Applied linguistic studies (e.g. Altenberg & Tapper, 1998; Bolton, Nelson, & Hung, 2002; Chen, 2006) have shown that second language learners have difficulty in using linking adverbials appropriately. Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad, and Finegan (1999) is to date the only corpus-based reference grammar book which covers all three aspects of usage patterns of linking adverbials, i.e., form, meaning and position. But as the book provides a very comprehensive grammar, there is not room for a detailed account of all three aspects of usage patterns of a small grammar category such as linking adverbials. Also, the previous literature does not agree upon the terms used to refer to linking adverbials and the linguistic elements referred to by linking adverbials and other related terms. This two-stage study examined research questions of what linking adverbials are and how they are used in different registers using both a qualitative and quantitative approach. In Stage I, a random sample of 67 texts of a total of over 100,000 words from the Wellington Corpora of Written and Spoken New Zealand English (WWC and WSC) were manually analysed, which provided coverage of the target five registers of written academic prose, academic lectures, conversation, written news and broadcast news. In Stage II, the most frequent linking adverbials identified in written registers in Stage I were automatically searched in larger corpora, i.e., the whole WWC, BNC and COCA. The intonation unit was adopted as the analysis unit for spoken data and sound files were needed in deciding intonation units. Thus, automatic search for patterns in spoken data was not viable in Stage II. This study suggests a new definition of linking adverbials and explains the difference between linking adverbials and conjunctions. This study then provides a detailed account of usage patterns of not only the form, meaning and position of linking adverbials but also patterns of types of each form, meaning and position in five registers. Such usage patterns are compared and explained among different written and spoken registers and in different social settings. It is worth noting that a register-specific meaning categorization system and a semantic-pragmatic continuum are suggested in this study. The aforementioned findings contribute to theories of the nature of linking adverbials, and have implications for second language learning and teaching in EAP and ESP contexts and future corpus-based pedagogical grammar studies.
Solving general game playing puzzles using heuristics search

One of the challenges of General Game Playing (GGP) is to effectively solve puzzles. Solving puzzles is more similar to planning algorithms than the search methods used for twoor multi-player games. General problem solving has been a topic addressed by the planning community for years. In this thesis we adapt heuristic search methods for automated planning to use in solving single-agent GGP puzzles. One of the main differences between planning and GGP is the real-time nature of GGP competitions. The backbone of our puzzle solver is a realtime variant of the classical A* search algorithm we call Time-Bounded and Injection-based A* (TBIA*). The TBIA* is a complete algorithm which always maintains a best known path to follow and updates this path with new and better paths as they are discovered. The heuristic TBIA* uses is constructed automatically for each puzzle being solved, and is based on techniques used in the Heuristic Search Planner system. It is composed of two parts: the first is a distance estimate derived from solving a relaxed problem and the second is a penalty for every unachieved sub-goal. The heuristic is inadmissible when the penalty is added but typically more informative. We also present a caching mechanism to enhance the heuristic performance and a self regulating method we call adaptive k that balances cache useage. We show that our method both adds to the flora of GGP puzzles solvable under real-time settings and outperforms existing simulation-based solution methods on a number of puzzles. General Game Playing þrautir leystar með upplýstum leitaraðferðum
OQPSK-based approximation to generalized MSK

The authors consider the minimum mean square error (MSE) approximation of an OQPSK (offset quadrature phase-shift keying) waveform to a generalized MSK (minimum shift keying) signal. A closed-form expression is found for the elementary pulse gamma (t) of the minimum MSE approximating signal. It is shown that the filter matched to gamma (t) is just the average matched filter, a well-known concept in the context of MSK-like signals. This result is important because it gives a new interpretation of the average matched filter while providing for the first time an analytical expression for the impulse response of such a filter. <<ETX>>
Representation of physics knowledge by experts and novices

Abstract : The studies reported here investigate the representation and organization of physics knowledge in experts and novices. Four experiments investigate the existence of schemata for physics problems, qualitative and quantitative differences in schemata types used by experts and novices, differences in the content of these schemata , and features in the physics problems that activate problem representations. Results obtained from problem sorting tasks and protocol analysis reveal that novices and experts begin with specifiably different problem representations depending on the structure of their knowledge. The initial representation and subsequent approach to problem solution used by experts is based on physics principles abstracted from a problem, while novices base their representation and approaches on the problem's literal features.
An Assistive Technology Toolkit

Abstract This article describes possibilities for technology use among students with mild disabilities. It considers characteristics of assistive technology from the standpoint of strategies associated with universal design for learning and Type I and Type II software applications. After a brief description of assistive technology definitions, legislation, and implementation issues, the assistive technology toolkit, an alternative strategy for equipping students with technology for classroom use, is presented. Observations from field-testing indicate that general and special education teachers can effectively use the toolkit to integrate general curriculum requirements for students with mild disabilities.
Investigation into the optimization of low speed communication protocols for narrow band networks

Investigation into the optimization of low speed communication protocols for narrow band networks T. van Staden Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa Thesis: MScEng (Electronic) December 2012 In this thesis, the investigation into the optimization of low speed communication protocols for narrow band networks will be presented. The main focus will be on analysing commonly used low speed communication protocols and investigate an alternative to these protocols to provide an optimized low speed narrow band network that provides better performance at high and low channel utilization. A study of existing low speed communication networks within the field of water supply has been used to identify the most appropriate protocols to be included in the analysis. The analysis of each protocol discussed includes the development of a simulation and theoretical model, with parameters based on those obtained from implemented communication networks focusing on the parameters used within the Namib water supply scheme of NamWater in Namibia. Of the currently implemented contention protocols, the non-persistent Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) protocol is implemented the most. Current models used for modelling these protocols make use of various assumptions. These models have been expanded to provide a more accurate representation of the non-persistent CSMA model. The Round Robin Polling (RRP) protocol is another well known protocol used within the telemetry industry and has also been modelled as an alternative to the non-persistent CSMA model. The Adaptive Tree Walk (ATW) protocol has been identified as the limited contention protocol to be modelled as a possible alternative to the conventional methods used. A new model has been developed for modelling this protocol by making use of the same strategies and tools used in the modelling of the non-persistent CSMA and RRP protocols. The Simulation modelling has been developed by making use of DESMO-J, an Object Orientated Simulation API based in Java, developed by the Faculty of Informatics at the University of Hamburg. DESMO-J has been chosen as an alternative to the more traditional simulation languages due to its complete documentation, support structures, ease of use and flexibility. All theoretical models have been implemented in Matlab. ii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
A linguistic theory of translation : an essay in applied linguistics

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Establishing the Relative Importance of Applying Gray's Sentence Ratio as a Component in a 10-Step Social Stories Intervention Model for Students with ASD.

Literature on Social Stories cautions that there is little empirical evidence for their effectiveness. Researchers have called for further investigations to determine the components of Social Stories intervention packages that contribute to their efficacy. Gray has introduced a ratio of sentence types to be used in Social Stories. The present study seeks to investigate if Gray’s recommended sentence ratio is an essential component of Social Stories. For this purpose, a 10-Step Social Stories intervention model using Gray’s sentence ratio (i.e., a ‘contextual’ Social Story), and one omitting Gray’s sentence ratio (i.e., a ‘directive’ Social Story), was compared in teaching social skills to students with ASD. Contextual Social Stories consistently yielded fewer trials to criterion and maintained stable performance at criterion.
Lammerite as a Degradation Product of Emerald Green: Scientific Studies on a Rural Persian Wall Painting

ABSTRACT Pigments on a figurative wall painting in Poudeh village, central Iran, were analysed by micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, micro Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and polarised light microscopy. Red lead, ultramarine blue, chrome yellow, brass powder, white huntite, and lammerite (Cu3(AsO4)2) were identified as red, blue, yellow, golden, white, and green pigments, respectively, while gypsum and barite were used as extender. In addition, glushinskite (MgC2O4·2H2O) was identified as a deterioration product of white huntite. Moreover, several analytical studies suggested that lammerite was a degradation product of emerald green (Cu(CH3COO)2·3Cu(AsO2)2) originally used as green pigment in the painting. The formation of lammerite is suggested to be due to the migration of arsenic throughout the paint layer. Based on the pigments identified, the wall painting is dated from the mid-nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century.
Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications

This 1997 book is the third of three volumes containing papers presented at the Seventh World Congress of the Econometric Society. The papers summarize and interpret key recent developments and discuss current and future directions in a wide range of topics in economics and econometrics. They cover both theory and applications. Authored by leading specialists in their fields, these volumes provide a unique survey of progress in the discipline.
Between-word assimilation and syntax in child language development : a case study

Previous developmental research has shown that interactions exist between the emergence of connected speech processes and the acquisition of syntax. This study is the first to have investigated these interactions in detail, using a dense data corpus collected for one child, Thomas, over a two-year period, from the age of two to four years. Investigations focused on the emergence of between-word assimilation in constructions containing the auxiliary verbs can and can’t. The methods of research included impressionistic phonetic transcription, quantitative syntactic measures and qualitative syntactic analysis. The results showed striking parallels between advances in Thomas’s syntactic development and the establishment of between-word assimilation as a phonological phenomenon in his speech. It appears that the development of assimilation as a connected speech process (CSP) was directly dependent on Thomas’s acquisition of those constructions which provide potential phonetic environments for assimilation to occur. A clear developmental trajectory for the acquisition of assimilation in constructions containing can and can’t was found. This trajectory can be expressed as a phase model, comprising assimilation emergence, establishment and reduction phases. The impact of maternal input on Thomas’s assimilation was also investigated. It was found that cumulative exposure to assimilation over time was important in Thomas’s acquisition of assimilation. Thomas’s developmental patterns of assimilation and syntax are interpreted within the framework of a usage-based, constructivist approach to language acquisition.
Beyond the Yellow Brick Road: mobile Web 2.0 informing a new institutional e-learning strategy

Mobile learning (m-learning) has moved beyond the realms of fantasy to become a viable platform for contextual learning that bridges formal and informal learning environments. This paper overviews how mobile Web 2.0 has been instrumental in facilitating pedagogical change and informing an institution’s new e-learning strategy that focuses upon social constructivist pedagogies. The project developedan intentional community of practice model for supporting new technology integration, pedagogical development, and institutional change. Beginning with a small selection of early adopter trials, the results of the research are now informinga wider integration of wireless mobile computing.
Statistics, Probability and Reliability for Civil and Environmental Engineers

Preliminary data analysis basic concepts and definitions statistical properties of distributions probability models model estimation and testing regression and forecasting multivariate statistical methods extreme value analysis stochastic models of processes simulaton risk and reliability analysis reliability design decision methods mathematical addendum annotated references and related readings tables of parametric families of probability models annotated software for statistical data analysis.
New developments in the representation of Saharan dust sources in the aerosol–climate model ECHAM6-HAM2

Abstract. In the aerosol–climate model ECHAM6-HAM2, dust source activation (DSA) observations from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite are proposed to replace the original source area parameterization over the Sahara Desert. The new setup is tested in nudged simulations for the period 2007 to 2008. The evaluation is based on comparisons to dust emission events inferred from MSG dust index imagery, Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometer observations, and satellite retrievals of aerosol optical thickness (AOT). The model results agree well with AERONET measurements especially in terms of seasonal variability, and a good spatial correlation was found between model results and MSG-SEVIRI (Spinning-Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) dust AOT as well as Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) AOT. ECHAM6-HAM2 computes a more realistic geographical distribution and up to 20 % higher annual Saharan dust emissions, using the MSG-based source map. The representation of dust AOT is partly improved in the southern Sahara and Sahel. In addition, the spatial variability is increased towards a better agreement with observations depending on the season. Thus, using the MSG DSA map can help to circumvent the issue of uncertain soil input parameters. An important issue remains the need to improve the model representation of moist convection and stable nighttime conditions. Compared to sub-daily DSA information from MSG-SEVIRI and results from a regional model, ECHAM6-HAM2 notably underestimates the important fraction of morning dust events by the breakdown of the nocturnal low-level jet, while a major contribution is from afternoon-to-evening emissions.
Magnifying the ILS with Endeca

ABSTRACT In January 2006, NCSU Libraries implemented Endeca as a public interface for the online catalog. This indexing tool exposes selected MARC data elements and allows for guided navigation through the bibliographic data of the Libraries collections using a faceted display based on Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) along with item attributes from an underlying ILS. The article discusses the Endeca technology and NCSU Libraries' implementation of the service. The authors also examine the impact of this revolutionary service on serials including an evaluation of how Endeca complies with several serial-specific recommendations of the University of California Bibliographic Report. A brief discussion of future implications of Endeca on serials concludes the article.
Pembelajaran Matematika Dengan Pendekatan Inkuiri Terbimbing Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Dan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama

The aim of this research is to analysis the difference significance in enhancingbetween student’s mathematical understanding and communication from a pretest-posttestexperimental control group design by using Guide Inquiry Approach Learning (PIT) andConventional Approach (PK). This study involving VII th grader Junior High School inBandung, West Java. The result of the research show that : (1) Guide Inquiry ApproachLearning (PIT) significantly were better to enhance mathematical understanding andcommunication compare to approach learning dan students’ mathematical ability category;(2) There was no interaction between approach learning factor and students’ mathematicalability category in enhancing students’ mathematical understanding, but there was interactionbetween approach learning factor and students’ mathematical ability category in enhancingstudents’ mathematical communication; (3) Student’s scale shown that more student’s havepositive perspective toward Guide Inquiry Approach Learning.
Modeling Data Rate Agility in the IEEE 802.11a Wireless Local Area Networking Protocol

Abstract : The IEEE 802.11a high-speed wireless local area networking (WLAN) protocol does not specify a mechanism for dynamically altering network data rates based on changing link conditions. This thesis first presents a baseline software model of the 802.11a protocol developed using the OPNET simulation tool. The model includes both the medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers of the standard. Two data rate agility mechanisms are then proposed and analyzed using the model. An infrastructure WLAN implementation of the baseline model is first simulated under standard network conditions to verify its operational characteristics and the results are presented. The model is then used to simulate two data rate agility mechanisms, one based on the link signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the other based on the frame loss rate at the transmitting Station. Each technique is simulated using an infrastructure WLAN consisting of a fixed access point and a mobile workstation operating with standard network traffic loads. The results indicate that the link SNR is a better decision criterion for data rate agility than the frame loss rate. The design and methodology of this analysis provides insight into dynamic rate agility mechanisms and the criteria that may be used in developing in future 802.11 a-compliant hardware imlementations.
The impact of library information literacy classes on first year students’ searching behaviour

The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the library courses in information literacy (IL) taught at Ostfold University College had an impact on the students’ search behaviour. To find out, 19 students were interviewed and observed about this topic. The results showed that there were only slight differences in search behaviour between those who had attended the IL sessions and those who had not. Many students used Google as their starting point for searching for information. In this paper, we discuss how these findings can be implemented when developing future library courses on information searching.
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGMETRICS/PERFORMANCE joint international conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems

It's a great pleasure to welcome you to the 12th joint ACM SIGMETRICS and IFIP PERFORMANCE International Conference, hosted by the Department of Computing, Imperial College London - one week after the Queen's Silver Jubilee celebrations and six weeks before the 2012 Olympic Games, just the other side of Town. In fact we chose these dates so as to avoid clashing with Her Majesty's special week, which might have been compromised by an event of such stature! This year's conference enhances the tradition of both of its constituents' being the premier fora for state-ofthe-art research in performance modeling and measurement techniques, tools and applications in the American and Europe continents, respectively. We have assembled a superb technical program with 31 full papers of the highest quality and 23 posters highlighting innovative research; further details are provided in the Program Chairs' Welcome that follows. Contributors come from 18 different countries in 3 continents; 49 papers have (co-)authors from academic institutions and 22 have industrial (co-)authors. This year we have increased the numbers of Tutorials and Workshops. On Monday, 11th June there are five tutorials and two workshops: the ever-popular GreenMetrics and, for the first time, W-PIN. My thanks to Cati Llado for her organizing the tutorials and expanding this aspect of the conference. On Friday we have three more innovative Workshops: the long-established MAMA, a new one PADE and a Hands-on Tutorial-Workshop NetFPGA. We hope as many of you as possible will take advantage of these excellent satellite events.