Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Computational Theory of Rat Navigation

A century of behavioral studies has generated an abundance of proposals for how animals represent and navigate through space. Recently, neurophysiological recording in freely-behaving animals has begun to reveal cellular correlates of these cognitive processes, such as the existence of place cells in hippocampus and head direction cells in postsubiculum and parietal cortex. We propose computational mechanisms to explain these phenomena. A variety of computer models have demonstrated place cell-like responses, given inputs that encode distance and/or bearing to one or more landmarks. These models utilize machine learning algorithms such as competitive learning [Sharp 1991], recurrent backpropagation/Elman nets [Shapiro & Hetherington 1993, Hetherington & Shapiro 1993], genetic algorithms[Treves et al. 1992], competitive learning with radial basis units [Burgess et al. 1993], and specialized architectures employing a combination of delta rule and radial basis units [Schmajuk & Blair 1993]. The problem with all of these models is that their processing is mainly a function of visual input. The experimental literature clearly shows that hippocampal processing is not that simple. Specifically, although place fields are sensitive to visual input (they rotate in agreement with rotation of distal visual cues), place cells remain active when the lights are turned out, and place fields can form when the animal explores novel environments in the dark. Place cells also continue to fire when distal landmarks are removed, but permutation of landmarks causes the animal to behave as if it were in an unfamiliar environment. Finally, place cell firing may be dependent on head direction, at least under certain conditions. An acceptable model of place memory must allow the “current place” to be updated by non-visual means such as motor feedback, and must be both sensitive to visual cues and robust in their absence. We propose a computational theory of the core of rat navigation abilities, based on coupled mechanisms for path integration, place recognition, and maintenance of head direction. We assume the rat has a path integration system (see [Etienne 1987, Mittelstaedt & Mittelstaedt 1980]) that is able to keep track of its current position relative to selected reference points. We postulate that hippocampal pyramidal cells form place descriptions by learning correlations between perceptual inputs and the rat’s internal states, which include the output of the path integrator. Place codes are associated with landmark bearings, so that visual cues can recall previously stored directional information in a manner similar to McNaughton’s local view hypothesis [McNaughton 1989]. We describe a connectionist implementation of this theory. Our model reproduces a variety of experimental observations, including reset of head direction in response to visual input, persistence of place fields in the absence of visual input, and modulation of place cell directional sensitivity. We compare our theory with other theories of hippocampal function and offer some predictions based on the model.
The Manager’s Role in Creating a Blended Learning Environment

Today, more than ever, it is important that your staff be kept up-to-date. New information is available almost constantly, and they must have access to that information if they are to perform the way you would like. The extent to which they develop and continue to improve is a measure of your effectiveness as a manager. In a recent column in this journal, I wrote about the value of e-learning as a method of staff development. However, as valuable as e-learning is, it is not the sole answer. You need to create a mix of training methods to satisfy the needs of all of your staff. They each learn differently, and you must ensure that information is available to them in a format that will help each of them develop. The kind of learning environment to which I refer is generally called blended learning. Its aim is to meet the training requirements of the individual learner and the company by employing different learning media in a mix (Dennis, 2002). This form of learning has also been called integrated learning (Tian, 2002) and even mobile learning (M-learning) (Abernathy, 2001). As the various names indicate, the idea is to take the best of each of the different forms of training/learning and blend them in a way that suits your staff and your organization best. At this point, some of you are thinking, “That would be nice if I only had the resources. ” You do and they are not all that expensive. Certainly, the costs of providing appropriate learning tools for your staff are not nearly as high as those resulting from inadequately prepared employees. The beauty of blended learning is that you do not have to try to use everything available. Think of it as an à la carte menu from which you and your staff can choose.
Targeted initial letters to longitudinal survey sample members: effects on response rates, response speed, and sample composition

This study draws on two previously-separate strands of methodological research, one on the effect of the content of letters to sample members on response rates, and one on targeted respondent communications. We test targeted appeals in prenotification and invitation letters in a panel survey, based on an experimental design which allows the testing of effects in different contexts. The targeted letter improves response rates for previous wave non-respondents and recent panel entrants, though these effects depend on data collection mode. Response speed is improved for recent panel entrants, particularly in the context of a mixed mode design.
Platelet indices in children with sepsis and their relation to the outcome

Introduction: Sepsis is a major causes of mortality and morbidity among children. An effective and accurate biochemical marker is needed which can support or exclude the diagnosis of sepsis. Objective: To study the platelet indices in children with sepsis and their relation to the outcome Method: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care centre from southern India from October 2015 to July 2017. Children aged 1 month to 18 years of age with sepsis, as per the definition of International Paediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference 2005, were included in the study. Children with no infection were taken as controls. Children with haematological malignancies, known platelet disorders, haemolytic anaemia and children with a history of recent blood transfusions or splenectomy were excluded from the study. History and physical examination findings were noted in a pre-designed proforma. Platelet indices were measured using an automated blood counter, Beckman Coulter LH780 series. Counts done at the time of admission and prior to discharge or death were taken for analysis. Mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and plateletcrit (PCT) values were compared with standard normal values. Severity of thrombocytopenia was classified as mild (50,000-150,000/cu mm), moderate (20,000-50,000/cu mm) and severe ( Results: A total of 191 children with sepsis were enrolled in the study of which 40 were excluded. Thrombocytopenia was observed among 67.5% (102/151) of the study population with sepsis. The difference in platelet indices between cases and controls were found to be statistically significant. Mortality rate in the present study was 27.8% (42/151). Platelet count (p=0.003) and plateletcrit (p=0.004) were significantly low among non-survivors when compared to survivors with sepsis. Among the children who had thrombocytopenia prior to discharge, severity of thrombocytopenia showed significant relation with the outcome of children with sepsis (p=0.006). Conclusions: In the present study, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and platelet count showed statistically significant relation in children with sepsis when compared to controls. With regard to predicting mortality, platelet count and plateletcrit showed statistically significant lower values among non survivors when compared to survivors. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health, 2018; 47(4): 301-305
Procalcitonin in the early diagnosis of invasive bacterial infection in febrile infants

BACKGROUND: Procalcitonin (PCT) it is a new marker of bacterial infection. Because of its shorter half-life and earlier ascent it offers advantages over C-reactive protein (CRP). OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic performance of PCT in the early detection of invasive bacterial infection in infants with that of CPR. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January of 1998 and February of 2000 we performed a prospective observational study in the emergency department of infants aged between 1 and 36 months who had been treated for fever and for whom PCT and CRP plasmatic values had been obtained. Plasmatic PCT and PCR values were evaluated and correlated with the final diagnosis. ROC curves for both markers were calculated. RESULTS: One hundred infants with a mean age of 8.8 months (SD 7.59) were included in four groups of 25 patients each (viral infection, localized bacterial infection, invasive bacterial infection and control group). The mean PCT and CRP values in invasive bacterial infections [PCT: 14.45 ng/mL (SD 27.95) and CRP: 95.10 mg/L (SD 7 2.77)] were significantly higher than in non-invasive infections [PCT: 0.27 ng/mL (SD 0.19) and CRP: 25.67 mg/L (SD 33.04)] but the diagnostic performance of PCT was better. The area under the curve for PCT was 0.95 (SD 0.03), which was significantly higher (p 0.4 ng/mL (sensitivity: 95.5 %; specificity: 86.4 %) and that for CRP was > 42.9 mg/L (sensitivity: 75 %; specificity: 81.8 %). In infants who had fever for less than 12 hours (n 30) the area under the curve for PCT was 0.90 (SD 0.06), which was higher (p 0.4 ng/mL (sensitivity: 90 %; specificity: 94 %) and that for CRP was > 26.6 mg/L (sensitivity: 60 %; specificity: 77.8 %). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic performance of PCT was higher than that of CRP in the early detection of invasive infection in febrile infants, even when evolution was less than 12 hours.
Preferred sequences of words in NS and NNS speech

As human beings, we are all creatures of habit. Most, if not all, aspects of our everyday lives, including language use, are in greater or lesser measure marked by routine and recurrence. This paper reports on some of the major findings of a large-scale corpus-driven analysis of the recurrent sequences of more than two single words that native speakers of English and advanced EFL learners tend to use as their routinized building blocks or preferred ways of saying things in spoken and written discourse (De Cock 2003). The aim of this paper is to explore the use of recurrent sequences of words in NS and NNS speech both from a quantitative and a more qualitative point of view. In the quantitative analysis I set out to test the validity of Kjellmer's often quoted but largely unproven assumption that learners'"building material is individual bricks rather than prefabricated sections" (1991:124). The more qualitative analysis concentrates on some of the major functional differences between native speakers' and learners' preferred ways of saying things.
Laboratory nutritional parameters can predict one-year mortality in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributing value of nutrition related blood parameters to one-year mortality following intertrochanteric fracture surgery in a Chinese population over the age of 65. Methods: The nutritional status was evaluated by using admission serum albumin level and total lymphocyte count (TLC). One hundred and seventy-four intertrochanteric fracture patients were entered to this study for nutritional status assessment. Gender differences in these parameters were evaluated by univariate analysis. The predictive value of the variables to one-year mortality was identified by multiple logistic regression analysis.
Teaching Teachers: Processes and Practices

Introduction Section 1 Preparing yourself 1. What teachers need to learn 2. How teachers learn 3. Teachers learning from their own and others' experience - putting it all together Section 2 Developing programmes that support teacher learning 4. Designing your programme 5. Planning 6. Preparation 7. Working 1 to 1 Section 3 Developing as a Teacher of Teachers 8. ToTs together 9. Working together to develop in-class teaching skills 10. Managing your development alone Section 4 Assessment and evaluation 11. Assessing teachers and their teaching 12. Evaluation Further Reading.
Effect of nutritional status on prevalence of anaemia among females

Anaemia is a serious problem among females. The study focused to determine the prevalence of anaemia and also study the effect of health and nutritional factors on prevalence of anaemia. Results shows that seventy per cent of females were suffering from anaemia inspite of having regular eating pattern of food and these females were also aware about the problem of anaemia. Many of respondents did not have their routine haemoglobin check up and that may be one of the causes of prevalence of anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia was affected by the age among the females. Females having normal BMI were also suffering from anaemia.
Explaining differences in birth size and adiposity between Pakistani and White British babies

There is a growing recognition that being born 'small is associated with an increased risk of poorer adult cardiometabolic health in addition to its known adverse effects on perinatal and infant outcomes. Previous studies have shown markedly lower birth weight among infants of South Asian origin compared to those of White British origin and there is a suggestion that such differences may mask greater central adiposity in South Asians. In this thesis, differences in birth size between 2221 Pakistani origin and 1838 White British origin infants born in the same UK maternity unit are described and whether the magnitude of any differences . changes depending on whether the parents (both mother and father) and grandparents of Pakistani infants were born in the UK or South Asia was investigated. Marked differences in birthweight between Pakistani origin and White British origin infants persisted even after adjustment for a wide range of potential masking and mediating characteristics. Important differences remained whether both parents were UK born, one was South Asian born or both were South Asian born, suggesting that at least over two generations, environmental or lifestyle changes amongst parents who have migrated to the UK and spent all of their life here have not had a major impact on these differences. Despite their smaller birth weight, South Asian infants had more total body fat than White British infants, as indicated by skinfold thickness and cord leptin, which has important implications for any public health interventions aimed at increasing birthweight in South Asian infants, as this could result in greater body fat· and ultimately poorer cardiometabolic health
NURSING FACULTY SHORTAGE NURSES' PERCEPTIONS AS A KEY TO ADMINISTRATIVE SOLUTIONS

Nursing Faculty Shortage Nurses’ Perceptions as a Key to Administrative Solutions The nursing faculty shortage is well documented. Higher education administrators turn away qualified student applicants because of the lack of qualified nursing faculty. Furthermore, they find recruitment and retention of qualified nursing faculty a challenge. The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of the nursing faculty role, causes of the faculty shortage, and solutions to the shortage as perceived by: 1) nurses currently in a faculty role and 2) nurses with a master’s degree who were not employed in a full-time faculty position. A qualitative study using the phenomenological method was undertaken. Two groups of nurses were interviewed. The faculty group was eight nurses teaching full-time selected from faculty teaching in schools of nursing in West Virginia. The service group was eight nurses with masters’ degrees in nursing but not in a faculty position selected from nurses licensed in West Virginia. In interviews, participants were asked to describe their current position, perceptions of the nursing faculty role, causes of the shortage, and solutions to the shortage. Participants believed the causes of the shortage included low salaries, lack of nurses with advanced degrees, nurses without training in teaching, and other career options. Their solutions included presenting a positive image of the nursing faculty role, supporting doctoral education, utilizing nurses with masters’ degrees, mentoring new faculty, and networking with nurses in service positions. Those in both groups described a passion for nursing and teaching and viewed themselves as educators. The positive aspects of the faculty role were relationships with the students, watching students develop into nurses, relationships with colleagues, and flexible schedules. Nursing administrators will continue to be challenged with recruiting and retaining qualified nursing faculty. This study found that nurses in both faculty and service settings enjoyed teaching but they selected their positions based on cost-benefit analyses. In other words, for these participants, the costs of pursuing faculty positions are unduly high considering the perceived benefits.
Symptom Patterns and Service Use Among African American and Caucasian Veterans With Combat-Related PTSD

76) combat veterans with posttraumatic stressdisorder (PTSD) at a Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatient PTSD treatment clinic were compared onvariables related to clinical symptoms and VA service use. Groups were compared on relevantinterview (e.g., Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; D. D. Blake et al., 1990) and self-reportmeasures (e.g., Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2; J. N. Butcher, W. G. Dahlstrom,J. R. Graham, A. Tellegen, & B. Kaemmer, 1989). Groups were also compared on demographics,psychiatric comorbidity, VA service use, and disability status. Results revealed few significantbetween-groups differences, providing further evidence that African American and Caucasianveterans with PTSD do not differ in manifestation of the syndrome or in use of VA services andbenefits.
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF RADAR QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic debilitating autoimmune disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are needed to modify the progression of RA. Therefore, a practical tool to monitor disease activities of RA is needed. The objectives of this study were to determine physician-patient agreement, and patient-patient reliability of RADAR questionnaire translated to Bahasa Indonesia. Twenty two patients who fulfilled The ACR Revised Criteria 1987 for RA, not illiterate, and understand Bahasa Indonesia were included in this study. To determine the agreement, questionnaire A is firstly completed by the physician, on only for questions 6, then compared to question no 6 of questionnaire B which is completed by the patient. To determine the reliability, all questions of questionnaire B is blindly compared to all questions of questionnaire C. Without knowing by the patients, questionnaire C is completed 2 hours afterwards. ICCs were used o measure agreement and reliability. The results showed that more than 60% of the ICC values of physician-patient agreement were > 0.65 and more than 90% of the ICC values of patient-patient reliability were > 0.65. In conclusion, RADAR questionnaire translated to Bahasa Indonesia showed substantial validity and reliability.
Multiple Metrics Fuzzy Based Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Mesh Client Networks

One of the variants of Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) architecture is Mesh Client Networks (MCNs). In the wireless network researches, little attention has been paid to MCNs to improve the quality of service of WMNs. One of the fundamental problems facing wireless network is scalability of routing protocol when the network size is grows which also apply to MCNs. Many researchers has suggested clustering approach to solve scalability problem, however, the approaches have not been able to come up with formidable approach for clusterhead selection that totally guarantee stable cluster structures and reduce clustering overhead at the same time. In this paper, we proposed fuzzy logic control approach for the selection of clusterheads by using multiple metrics (MMFBCA). In our method, three MCs metrics such as node mobility speed, traffic delivery capacity and cost of service are fuzzified. The simulation results show that stable cluster structures with minimized clustering overhead are generated with these metrics. The results were compared with two existing weighted clustering algorithm (WCA) and Adaptive Intelligent Method for Dynamic Cluster Formation (AIMDCF) using basic performance parameters such as clustering overheads, number of cluster, cluster size and reaffiliation counts for the evaluation. In the final analysis, MMFBCA performance results are better than WCA and AIMDCF in all scenarios tested.
The effect of duloxetine on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats

ABSTRACT Aim: Previous studies showed the existence of a relationship between epilepsy and depression. Duloxetine is a potent and selective inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake (SNRI) used in the treatment of the major depressive disorder. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of duloxetine on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in an experimental rat model of acute partial epilepsy. Method: In this study, 35 male rats weighing 200–240 g were used. Under urethane anesthesia, tripolar electrodes were placed for electrocorticography (ECoG) recording. Duloxetine, at 1, 5, 10 or 30 mg/kg rates, was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes after intracortical penicillin (500 IU) injection. Results: Duloxetine administrations of 1, 5, 10 and 30 mg/kg increased the mean frequency of epileptiform activity 10 minutes after Duloxetine injection compared to the control group (p < 0.05) without changing amplitude in all groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed proconvulsant effect of duloxetine in penicillin-induced epileptiform activity and indicated that it could pose complications risk for people with partial epilepsy.
PEMAKNAAN RASISME DALAM FILM (ANALISIS RESEPSI FILM GET OUT)

Movie is one form of mass communication media which often enjoyed by people. The movie Get Out that is directed by Jordan Peele shows about how is the act of white people discrimination towards black people. This research uses the qualitative method with descriptive type and uses Stuart Hall’s reception analysis approach. Reception analysis views the active audiences which are the viewers and readers to produce and reproduce the meaning in an impression of a media. The purpose of this research is to describe audiences’ interpretation and to know the position of the audiences according to Stuart Hall’s three readership position towards the movie Get Out that shows racism. This research uses paradigm of constructivism. The result of this research shows that audiences meaning of the movie Get Out towards the four informants generates different meaning and out of seven scene analysis units studied, the audiences’ position in their acceptance of the racism in the movie Get Out is dominated by oppositional position. There are also some informant that are in dominant hegemonic position. Where in each scene contains different racism material. Keywords: Communication; Reception Analysis; Film