Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Code Comment Generation

During software maintenance, code comments help developers comprehend programs and reduce additional time spent on reading and navigating source code. Unfortunately, these comments are often mismatched, missing or outdated in the software projects. Developers have to infer the functionality from the source code. This paper proposes a new approach named DeepCom to automatically generate code comments for Java methods. The generated comments aim to help developers understand the functionality of Java methods. DeepCom applies Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to learn from a large code corpus and generates comments from learned features. We use a deep neural network that analyzes structural information of Java methods for better comments generation. We conduct experiments on a large-scale Java corpus built from 9,714 open source projects from GitHub. We evaluate the experimental results on a machine translation metric. Experimental results demonstrate that our method DeepCom outperforms the state-of-the-art by a substantial margin.
Serum Markers of Iron Metabolism in Chronic Liver Diseases

BACKGROUND: Disorders in the metabolism of iron in the direction of iron overload are observed not only in primary hemochromatosis but also in some chronic liver diseases other aetiology. Elevation of serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation is reported in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol, chronic hepatitis C and liver cirrhosis. AIM: Aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the frequency of the iron serum markers in patients with various chronic liver diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included a total of 246 persons -186 patients with chronic liver disease without cirrhosis (-115 men, women -71; average age of 50.41 ± 12.85, from 23 to 77 years) and 60 healthy controls (-30 men, women -30, middle-aged 50.50 ± 11.31, from 29 to 83 years). Medical history, physical examination and demographic data including height, weight, laboratory and instrumental studies were performed. RESULTS: The highest incidence of elevated serum iron, transferrin saturation and ferritin and decreased serum hepcidin found in cases of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC). CONCLUSION: Finally, analysis of the changes in serum markers of iron metabolism shows that the difference between healthy and sick with liver disease is primarily due to changes in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, particularly steatohepatitis, and chronic hepatitis C.
The Effect of Self-Management Educational Program on Pain Intensity in Elderly Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis is one of the chronic diseases that greatly affect the health and life quality of individuals. AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of self-management educational program on the pain intensity of the elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: In a randomised clinical trial, a total of 82 elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received six sessions of self-management group education, while the control group received only the routine care during this period. In both groups, patients’ pain intensity, with a visual analogue scale (VAS), were assessed before, immediately after and eight weeks after the start of the study. RESULTS: The mean pain intensity scores of the intervention and control groups were not significantly different before the intervention (P = 0.9), but after the intervention, the mean pain intensity score in the intervention group (3.61 ± 2.36) was significantly lower than that of the control group (4.93 ± 2.00), (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Implementation of a self-management program for the patients with knee osteoarthritis is useful in reducing their pain intensity and can be used as one of the effective methods for their empowerment.
Long-term health complications following snake envenoming

Background Snakebite is an important public health problem in tropical regions of the world. Although devastating effects of envenoming such as kidney failure, tissue necrosis, bleeding diathesis, and neurotoxicity are well known in the acute stage following a snakebite, the long-term effects of snake envenoming have not been adequately studied. Materials and methods A population-based study was conducted among 8707 residents in a rural district in Sri Lanka to assess the long-term sequelae following snakebite. Health-related complaints that snakebite victims had developed immediately or within 4 weeks of the bite and persisted for more than 3 months, were assessed by interviewer-administered questionnaire and in-depth interviews, and further evaluated by physical examination and relevant investigations. Results Of the 816 participants who were identified as ever snakebite victims, 112 (13.7%) presented with at least one snakebite-related long-term health complication. Among them, “migraine-like-syndrome” characterized by headache vertigo, and photosensitivity to sunlight was found in 46 (5.6%); musculoskeletal disorders such as pain, local swelling, muscle weakness, deformities, contractures, and amputations were found in 26 (3.2%); visual impairment in 21 (2.6%); acute kidney injury in 4 (0.5%); skin blisters at the bite site in 5 (0.6%); psychological distress in 2 (0.2%); hemiplegia in 1 (0.1%); right-side facial nerve palsy in 1 (0.1%); paresthesia over bite site in 1 (0.1%); generalized shivering in 1 (0.1%); and chronic nonhealing ulcer in 1 (0.1%). Interestingly, 31 (3.8%) reported nonspecific somatic symptoms such as abdominal colic, chest tightness, wheezing, receding gums, excessive hair loss, and lassitude with body aches following the bite. The average duration of symptoms since snakebite was 12.7 years (SD=11.7). Conclusion This study highlights that a significant proportion of snakebite victims suffer disabling chronic health sequelae. There is a need to place systems to address these unmet health needs.
Hepatitis C Screening in Commercially Insured U.S. Birth-cohort Patients: Factors Associated with Testing and Effect of an EMR-based Screening Alert

Abstract Background and Objectives Hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing rates among U.S. birth-cohort patients have been studied extensively, limited data exists to differentiate birth-cohort screening from risk- or liver disease-based testing. This study aims to identify factors associated with HCV antibody (HCV-Ab) testing in a group of insured birth cohort patients, to determine true birth cohort testing rates, and to determine whether an electronic medical record (EMR)-driven Best Practice Alert (BPA) would improve birth cohort testing rates. Methods All birth-cohort outpatients between 2010 and 2015 were identified. HCV-Ab test results, clinical, and demographic variables were extracted from the EMR, and factors associated with testing were analyzed by logistic regression. True birth-cohort HCV screening rates were determined by detailed chart review for all outpatient visits during one calendar month. An automated Best Practice Alert was used to identify unscreened patients at the point of care, and to prompt HCV testing. Screening rates before and after system-wide implementation of the BPA were compared. Results The historic HCV-Ab testing rate was 11.2% (11,976/106,753). Younger age, female gender, and African American, Asian, or Hispanic ethnicity, and medical comorbidities such as chronic hemodialysis, HIV infection, and rheumatologic and psychiatric comorbidities were associated with higher testing rates. However, during the one-month sampling period, true age cohort-based testing was performed in only 69/10,089 patients (0.68%). Following the system-wide implementation of the HCV BPA, testing rates increased from 0.68% to 10.76% (P<0.0001). Conclusions We documented low HCV-Ab testing rates in our baby boomers population. HCV testing was typically performed in the presence of known risk factors or established liver disease. The implementation of an EMR-based HCV BPA resulted in a marked increase in testing rates. Our study highlights current HCV screening gaps, and the utility of the EMR to improve screening rates and population health.
Population Consumption of Fish and Invertebrate Prey by Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) from Coastal Waters of Northern Massachusetts, USA

Seasonal, age-class, and population-level changes in diet and consumption demand of prey by striped bass residing in coastal waters of northern Massachusetts were investigated to determine their potential predatory impact on ecologically- and economically-important prey species. Most consumption by individual striped bass of ages 3–8 came from crustaceans and fish. More crusta ceans (50–78% of total consumption) than fish were consumed during June–July, while more fish (52–88% of total consumption) than crustaceans were consumed during August–September. Rock crabs Cancer irroratus and American lobsters Homarus americanus became more important to the production of striped bass as bass aged, but Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus became less important. Together, the biomass of prey consumed by all age-classes in 2000 totaled over 5 575 t. Atlantic menhaden accounted for 29% of the total biomass consumed, followed by rock crabs (18%), American lobster (11%), and Atlantic herring Clupea harengus (3%). On a numerical basis, striped bass consumed seasonally over 3, 1 940, and 965 times the numbers of lobsters, rock crabs, and menhaden, respectively, taken annually by regional and statewide fisheries, suggesting striped bass may exert considerable predation pressure on these prey populations.
Quantitative Response of Soybean Development and Yield to Drought Stress during Different Growth Stages in the Huaibei Plain, China

To quantitatively access the effects of drought stress during different growth stages of soybean on development process and yield, a pot-culture experiment was conducted in China’s Huaibei Plain with different irrigation treatments over two seasons (2015 and 2016). Two drought stress levels (mild and severe) were applied at four growth stages for the experiment (S: seedling stage; B: branching stage; FPS: flowering and pod-setting stage; and PF: pod-filling stage). The effects of drought stress at different stages on growth and yield were evaluated and compared. Results of this two-year study showed that all growth and yield parameters were significantly affected by the water deficit during the sensitive FPS. Compared to the full irrigation treatment, severe drought stress during FPS caused a 22% loss of final plant height, 61% loss of the leaf area per plant (LAP), and 67% loss of final aboveground dry matter (ADM). Yield components also declined dramatically with water deficits during FPS and PF. Significant seed yield losses of 73–82% per plant were observed in the plants exposed to drought stress during FPS, and were also associated with the highest nonviable pod percentage of 13%. The greatest losses in 100-seed weight (42–48%) were observed under drought stress during PF. A rising trend in response to increasing soil water deficit (SWD) was observed for LAP, yield, and ADM losses. The slope (k) values of these fitting curves varied at different treatments, the highest value of k (7.37 and 8.47 in two years, respectively) was also observed in the sensitive FPS.
Pneumonia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent comorbid condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Pneumonia is the most common infectious disease condition. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the impact of pneumonia in patients with COPD. We will evaluate the epidemiology and factors associated with pneumonia. We are discussing the clinical characteristics of COPD that may favor the development of infections conditions such as pneumonia. Over the last 10 years, there is an increased evidence that COPD patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids are at increased risk to develp pneumonia. We will review the avaialbe information as well as the possible mechanism for this events. We also discuss the impact of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in the prevention of pneumonia in COPD patients.
Trends and Outcomes of Emergency Pediatric Surgical Admissions from a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia

Background Pediatric surgical emergency condition is a broad spectrum of surgical pathologies/disorders occurring in pediatric age group requiring proper emergency surgical care as the only option of management to salvage life, avoid/minimize disability or palliation. The objective of this study is to analyze the pattern and outcome of pediatric surgical emergencies managed at Tikur Anbesa Hospital and the factors associated with outcome. Methods Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients was conducted to assess the pattern, outcome and factors associated with outcome of pediatric surgical emergencies admitted and managed at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. Data was checked for completeness and entered into SPSS version 20 for statistical analysis. Results A total of 454 patients' medical records were analyzed. The presentation was after 5 days of illness in 182(40%), and >3 days in 243(53.4%), while only 89(19.6%) of them come within 24 hours of the illness. The etiologies were abdominal/gastrointestinal emergencies 210(46.3%), foreign body in aero digestive system in 133(29.3%), urogenital surgical emergencies in 27(5.9%). The other causes include superficial and deep tissue abscess collections in 22(4.8%), trauma /injury related cases in 24(5.3%) and others in 38(8.4%) respectively while congenital malformations were only 57(12.6%) of the cases. Finally, 439(96.7%) were discharged cured or improved without major disabilities documented, while 9(2%) died. Conclusions Delayed presentation, unstable condition on arrival, younger age group and the nature of underlying pathology could have contributed for the death, but this needs further study.
Determinants of Uptake of Health Insurance Cover Among Adult Patients Attending Bungoma County Referral Hospital

Health insurance is currently being considered as a mechanism for promoting progress to Universal health Coverage and reducing out-of-pocket payments in many African countries including Kenya which is prompting the use of NHIF. In Kenya, penetration of health insurance is 20% and 11% in Bungoma County. The main objective of the study was to establish the scheme-related factors influencing uptake of health insurance cover among patients attending Bungoma County Referral hospital. The study adopted across sectional descriptive survey of 300 systematically sampled patients, 4 purposively sampled departmental heads in Bungoma County Referral Hospital and all the 5 insurance company branch managers. Data was collected using questionnaires administered and Key Informant Interview schedule. Crude odds ratio was used to establish association between ownership of health insurance and scheme-related factors. Findings showed that 37% of patients owned health insurance covers mostly public health insurance cover (NHIF). Ownership of health insurance covers increased with age, household income, education levels, awareness of insurance benefits and concepts. Covers were also more prevalent among married patients. Ownership of health insurance covers increased 12.5 times with affordability of covers premiums. Stock-out of essential drugs and supplies and longer waiting time in covered health facilities discouraged enrollment to schemes.
Attitudes about Help-Seeking Mediate the Relation Between Parent Attachment and Academic Adjustment in First-Year College Students

Although numerous studies have documented an association between parent attachment and college student adjustment, less is known about the mechanisms that underlie this relation. Accordingly, this short-term longitudinal study examined first-year college students’ attitudes about academic help-seeking as one possible mechanism. As predicted, help-seeking attitudes mediated the relation between parent attachment and academic adjustment, even after controlling for gender and initial academic adjustment, with females holding more favorable attitudes about academic help-seeking. College personnel might explicitly encourage academic help-seeking in first-year students to maximize academic success and mitigate the effects of insecure attachment and gender-specific socialization.
THE ROLE OF TASK COMPLEXITY IN PK: A REVIEW

The investigation of the role of task complexity is an attempt to understand how information is processed in PK. Various topics that may provide insight into this aspect of PK include: the number of objects influenced simultaneously, the paradoxical hypotheses of majority-vote experiments, the role of ESP in PK, the information contents of differing a priori probabilities, the number of opportunities for PK to operate on a system, and the possible mechanisms for static PK effects. A review of the literature suggests that PK is, at least to some extent, a goal- oriented process, but also that it is limited by the information content of a priori probabilities. Experiments with differing probabilities of a hit and experiments with majority-vote procedures offer the most direct means to empirically investigate models for the information processing aspects of PK. There are several reasons for investigating the role of task complexity in the PK process. The importance of discovering the range of systems that PK can influence is particularly crucial when one considers the popular concept that PK is a "goal-oriented" process. As Schmidt (1974b) described the situation, "it may be more appropriate to see PK as a goal-oriented principle, one that aims successfully at a final event, no matter how intricate the intermediate steps" (p. 190). This hypothesis assumes that PK operates when there is motivation for a particular event and that the PK effect does not depend on the complexity of the mechanism that must be influenced to produce that outcome.
Sex/gender differences in cognition, neurophysiology, and neuroanatomy

In this mini-review, I summarize and interpret the current status of sex/gender differences in terms of brain anatomy, brain function, behavior, and cognition. Based on this review and the reported findings, I conclude that most of these sex/gender differences are not large enough to support the assumption of sexual dimorphism in terms of brain anatomy, brain function, cognition, and behavior. Instead, I suggest that many brain and cognitive features are modulated by environment, culture, and practice (and several other influences). These influences interact with the menstrual cycle, the general hormone level, and current gender stereotypes in a way that has not yet been fully understood.
Does Cleanup of Hazardous Waste Sites Raise Housing Values? Evidence of Spatially Localized Benefits

Economists often rely on publicly available data provided at coarse geographical resolution to value spatially localized amenities. We propose a simple refinement to the hedonic method that accommodates this reality: specifically, we measure localized benefits from the cleanup of hazardous waste sites at the sub-census tract level by examining the entire within-tract housing value distribution, rather than simply focusing on the tract median. Our point estimates indicate that the cleanup leads to larger appreciation in house prices at the lower percentiles of the within-tract house value distribution than at higher percentiles. Though not statistically different from one another, the estimates are monotonically ordered from 24.4% at the 10th percentile, 20.8% at the median and 18.7% at the 90th percentile, respectively. We confirm these results in two ways. First, our analysis using restricted access census block data finds comparable results that cleanup leads to a 14.7% appreciation in the median block-level housing values. Second, our analysis of proprietary housing transactions data show that cheaper houses within a census tract are indeed more likely to be closer to a hazardous waste site, explaining the greater impacts they receive from the cleanup process.
Effects of a Feedback-Reward System on Headway Time

Rear-end crashes constitute approximately 30% of all crashes and drivers who maintain inappropriately short time headways are at a higher risk for this type of crash. One approach to help drivers maintain appropriate headway times is to use technology to monitor headway and provide drivers with feedback. This paper investigates the effects of a feedback-reward system on headway time. Data utilized in this research were collected from 37 participants (20 to 70 years old) through a field trial commissioned by Transport Canada. In this field trial, a feedbackreward system was investigated, which provided feedback and rewards to the drivers based on safe headway maintenance (≥1.2 seconds) and speed limit compliance. The trial consisted of three phases: baseline (two weeks), intervention (twelve weeks), and post-intervention (two weeks). During the intervention phase, real-time feedback was provided on an in-vehicle display. Participants also accumulated reward points and could view related information on a special website. Results indicate that the intervention increased safe headway compliance rates by 10%. Further, during instances when the drivers were not within the safe headway time, headway time was larger in the intervention period compared to the baseline. Thus, intervention had a positive effect even when the drivers were not compliant. To a large degree, these benefits appeared to not persist in the post-intervention phase.
Role of Laparoscopic Gastrectomy in Very Elderly Patients with Gastric Cancer Who Have Outlived the Average Lifespan

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy in very elderly patients with gastric cancer, who have outlived the average lifespan of the Korean population (men: ≥77 years, women: ≥84 years). Materials and Methods Between 2004 and 2015, 836 patients with gastric cancer underwent a laparoscopic gastrectomy. They were divided into the elderly group (EldG) and non-elderly group (nEldG). Propensity score matching for covariates of sex, tumor depth, node status, and extent of resection was performed. Clinicopathologic characteristics, and surgical and survival outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Results The EldG had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score and a higher number of comorbidities. There was no significant difference in the post-operative complications, except for pulmonary complications, which were more frequent in the EldG (5/56, 8.9%) than in the nEldG (0/56, 0%). The EldG had a shorter overall survival (OS), but cancer-specific survival was similar for both groups. Among deceased patients, 2 (25%) and 8 patients (50%) died within a year of surgery in the nEldG and EldG, respectively. Univariate and multivariate risk factor analyses for OS showed that age, ASA score, tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, and occurrence of complications were significantly related to deterioration in OS. Conclusions Laparoscopic gastrectomy can be safely performed in very elderly patients with gastric cancer who have outlived the average lifespan of the Korean population. However, impact of laparoscopic gastrectomy on improving survival is not clear, and careful patient selection is recommended.