Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An overview of the hooking mortality of elasmobranchs caught in a swordfish pelagic longline fishery in the Atlantic Ocean

Hooking (or "at-haulback") fishing mortality was analysed in elasmobranchs captured by Portuguese long- liners targeting swordfish in the Atlantic Ocean. Information was collected by on-board fishery observers who moni- tored 834 longline fishing sets between August 2008 and December 2011, and recorded information on 36 067 elasmo- branch specimens from 21 different taxa. The hooking mortality proportions were species-specific, with some species having relatively high percentages of live specimens at time of haulback (e.g., blue shark, crocodile shark, pelagic stingray, manta, devil and eagle rays), while others had higher percentages of dead specimens (e.g., smooth hammer- head, silky shark, bigeye thresher). For the most captured species (Prionace glauca, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai, Isurus oxyrinchus and Alopias superciliosus), logistic generalized linear models (GLMs) were carried out to compare the mortality rates between sexes, specimen sizes and the regions of operation of the fleet. The sex-specific proportions of hooking mortality were significantly different for blue and crocodile sharks, with the males of both species having higher proportions of hooking mortality than the females. Specimen size was significant for predicting the hooking mortality for blue and shortfin mako sharks: in both cases, the larger specimens had lower odds of dying due to the fishing process. There were differences in the hooking mortality depending on the region of operation of the fleet, but those differences were also species-specific. For blue and crocodile sharks, the hooking mortality was higher in the Equatorial and southern Atlantic areas (when compared to the NE Atlantic region), while the opposite was observed for the shortfin mako, with lower mortality rates in the NE tropical area compared with the other regions. The results presented in this paper can be integrated into future ecological risk assessment analysis for pelagic elasmobranchs. Fur- thermore, the new information can be used to evaluate the impact of recent recommendations prohibiting the retention of some vulnerable elasmobranch species.
An Improved Method for Cross-Project Defect Prediction by Simplifying Training Data

Cross-project defect prediction (CPDP) on projects with limited historical data has attracted much attention. To the best of our knowledge, however, the performance of existing approaches is usually poor, because of low quality cross-project training data. The objective of this study is to propose an improved method for CPDP by simplifying training data, labeled as TDSelector, which considers both the similarity and the number of defects that each training instance has (denoted by defects), and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Our work consists of three main steps. First, we constructed TDSelector in terms of a linear weighted function of instances’ similarity and defects. Second, the basic defect predictor used in our experiments was built by using the Logistic Regression classification algorithm. Third, we analyzed the impacts of different combinations of similarity and the normalization of defects on prediction performance and then compared with two existing methods. We evaluated our method on 14 projects collected from two public repositories. The results suggest that the proposed TDSelector method performs, on average, better than both baseline methods, and the AUC values are increased by up to 10.6% and 4.3%, respectively. That is, the inclusion of defects is indeed helpful to select high quality training instances for CPDP. On the other hand, the combination of Euclidean distance and linear normalization is the preferred way for TDSelector. An additional experiment also shows that selecting those instances with more bugs directly as training data can further improve the performance of the bug predictor trained by our method.
Beyond Thermal Interaction between Ocean and Atmosphere: On the Extratropical Climate Variability due to the Wind-Induced SST*

Abstract Prescribing sea surface temperature (SST) for the atmospheric general circulation models (GCM) may not lead to underestimation of the coupled variability. In this study, a set of SST-driven atmospheric GCM experiments, starting from slightly different multiple initial conditions, is performed. The SST used here is prepared by a coupled GCM, which has the same atmospheric GCM component as the AGCM used in the experiment with the prescribed SST. The results indicate that prescribing SST leads to underestimation of the coupled air temperature variance only in subtropics. Meanwhile, in midlatitudes, prescribing SST may result in the overestimation of the coupled air temperature variance, where the major role of ocean–atmosphere contrast is to provide damping for SST. The simple stochastically driven coupled model is revisited with an extension to the direct wind-driven forcing for SST. In addition to the previous setup relying exclusively on the stochastic perturbation for air temperature, the ocean .
Fashion and Age: Dress, the Body and Later Life

Throughout history certain forms and styles of dress have been deemed appropriate - or more significantly, inappropriate - for people as they age. Older women in particular have long been subject to social pressure to tone down, to adopt self-effacing, covered-up styles. But increasingly there are signs of change, as older women aspire to younger, more mainstream, styles, and retailers realize the potential of the 'grey market'. Fashion and Age is the first study to systematically explore the links between clothing and age, drawing on fashion theory and cultural gerontology to examine the changing ways in which age is imagined, experienced and understood in modern culture through the medium of dress. Clothes lie between the body and its social expression, and the book explores the significance of embodiment in dress and in the cultural constitution of age. Drawing on the views of older women, journalists and fashion editors, and clothing designers and retailers, it aims to widen the agenda of fashion studies to encompass the everyday dress of the majority, shifting the debate about age away from its current preoccupation with dependency, towards a fuller account of the lived experience of age. Fashion and Age will be of great interest to students of fashion, material culture, sociology, sociology of age, history of dress and to clothing designers.
A Critical Review of Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis (CWP) and Coal Rank for Evaluation of Safe Exposure Levels in Coal Mining

The US coal mine dust (“CMD”) standard is among the lowest in the world. Lowering exposures to <2 milligrams per cubic meter (“mg/m3”) markedly reduced prevalence of coal workers pneumoconiosis (“CWP”). Lowering the standard to 1 mg/m3 is proposed because of a recent increase in rapidly progressive coal workers pneumoconiosis. The question addressed in this review is whether coal rank should be considered in setting a new standard. In 1949 the first British coal dust standard for anthracite was 650 particles/cm3 compared to 850 particles/cm3 for lower ranked coals. The TLV for anthracite is 0.4 mg/m3.
The shallow and deep western boundary circulation of the South Atlantic at 5-11°S

Repeated shipboard observation sections across the boundary flow off northeastern Brazil as well as acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and current-meter records from a moored boundary array deployed during 2000–04 near 11°S are analyzed here for both the northward warm water flow by the North Brazil Undercurrent (NBUC) above approximately 1100 m and the southward flow of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) underneath. At 5°S, the mean from nine sections yields an NBUC transport of 26.5 ± 3.7 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) along the boundary; at 11°S the mean NBUC transport from five sections is 25.4 ± 7.4 Sv, confirming that the NBUC is already well developed at 11°S. At both latitudes a persistent offshore southward recirculation between 200- and 1100-m depth reduces the net northward warm water flow through the 5°S section (west of 31.5°W) to 22.1 ± 5.3 Sv and through the 11°S section to 21.7 ± 4.1 Sv (west of 32.0°W). The 4-yr-long NBUC transport time series from 11°S yields a seasonal cycle of 2.5 Sv amplitude with its northward maximum in July. Interannual NBUC transport variations are small, varying only by ±1.2 Sv during the four years, with no detectable trend. The southward flow of NADW within the deep western boundary current at 5°S is 25.5 ± 8.3 Sv with an offshore northward recirculation, yielding a nine-section mean of 20.3 ± 10.1 Sv west of 31.5°W. For Antarctic Bottom Water, a net northward flow of 4.4 ± 3.0 Sv is determined at 5°S. For the 11°S section, the moored array data show a pronounced energy maximum at 60–70-day period in the NADW depth range, which was identified in related work as deep eddies translating southward along the boundary. Based on a kinematic eddy model fit to the first half of the moored time series, the mean NADW transfer by the deep eddies at 11°S was estimated to be about 17 Sv. Given the large interannual variability of the deep near-boundary transport time series, which ranged from 14 to 24 Sv, the 11°S mean was considered to be not distinguishable from the mean at 5°S
Treatment of experimental amyloidosis with antirheumatic drugs

Correspondence to: Laima Leonavicienė, State Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Medicine, Žygimantų 9, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania. E-mail: laima.leonaviciene@ekmi.vu. lt Background. Because at present there is no known specifi c eff ective therapy for secondary amyloidosis, the aim of this study was to determine whether antirheumatic drugs inhibit the development of experimental AA amyloidosis induced in C57BL/6 mice by casein and fi brin injections. Materials and methods. Monotherapy with sulfasalazine (SSL) and diclofenac (D) and a combined treatment with diclofenac and prednisolone (D/P) according to prophylactic and therapeutic treatment protocols were investigated. Th e drugs were administered through intragastric gavage 5 times a week for 5 or 4 weeks in the following doses: D – 1 mg/kg, P – 10 mg/kg, and SSL – 100 mg/kg. A histopathological examination of splenic, kidney and hepatic tissues of mice was performed. Th e amount of amyloid was assessed semi-quantitatively by polarizing microscopy aft er Congo red staining. Results. Our study indicated that no positive eff ect of the prophylactic treatment with D could be seen on amyloid deposition in the target organs. Prophylactic combined treatment with D/P resulted in a signifi cant improvement of disease symptoms and markedly reduced amyloid deposits in the spleen, kidneys and liver (p < 0.02–0.001). SSL therapy alone was more successful in the prophylactic treatment of experimental amyloidosis: the decrease of amyloid deposits was statistically signifi cant in all examined organs (p < 0.04–0.001), and the suppression of amyloid formation was most signifi cant in the kidneys and liver (p < 0.004– 0.001). In the therapeutic treatment of experimental amyloidosis, combined treatment with D/P showed the most pronounced inhibition of amyloid formation in the internal organs (p < 0.006–0.001). Th e suppression (by 86.7%; p < 0.001) of amyloid deposits was most notable in the liver. Treatment of mice with D alone produced a signifi cant reduction in amyloid deposition only in the liver (p < 0.03) and with SSL only in the spleen (p < 0.03). Conclusions. Th ese fi ndings suggest that D/P and SSL at relevant doses suppress amyloidogenesis, and this suppression is possibly related to the anti-infl ammatory eff ect of antirheumatic drugs. Although these drugs cannot completely inhibit the disease in this model, a possibility remains that they may be clinically useful in rheumatic diseases associated with the formation of amyloidogenic derivatives.
What Drives Bidder Cash Reserve Effects In Acquisitions: Agency Conflicts or Precautionary Motive? †

A cash-rich company is less likely to be a bidder during 1994-2008 in the US, contrasting the findings based on earlier sample period. This is mainly due to the companies with high residual market-to-book ratios (i.e. the residual of the actual market-to-book ratio regressed on measures of agency conflicts). Higher bidder excess cash reserve reduces bidder return at deal announcement. The negative announcement effect is stronger for bidders of lower asset-tangibility, but insensitive to the level of agency conflicts. Post acquisition, a cash-rich bidder spends more funds on debt reduction, capital expenditure, but less on further acquisitions. Moreover, a cash-rich bidder has better operating performance when its residual market-to-book ratio is high. Our evidence suggests bidder cash reserve effects are more consistent with the precautionary motive than the agency theory. High cash reserve, to a great extent, indicates growth and overvaluation rather than agency conflicts.
Ornamental plumage coloration and condition are dependent on age in eastern bluebirds Sialia sialis

Male eastern bluebirds Sialia sialis have striking ultraviolet (UV)-blue coloration on their heads, backs, rumps, wings, and tails and bold chestnut coloration on their breasts. These colored areas are ornaments that correlate with pairing date and reproductive effort, and thus probably influence the choice of mates by females. Such ornaments are expected to increase in color with age and body condition. We investigated the effects of age on body condition and the UV-blue and chestnut coloration of males over four years using both cross-sectional (comparing age classes) and longitudinal analyses (following individuals as they age). We found that both the body condition index and brightness of UV-blue rump coloration increased with age, while UV-blue tail plumage coloration increased between yearling and older males, and the chestnut breast coloration decreased in the oldest age class. The proximate mechanisms whereby individuals reliably signal age via rump brightness and tail coloration are probably different. Contour feathers, including rump feathers, are molted at approximately the same time in all age classes and are likely subject to the same production costs in all age classes. In contrast, the molt schedule of the tail and wing feathers differs between individuals of yearling and older age classes, with yearlings retaining wing and tail feathers for several months longer than adults. The relationship between tail color and age was probably, in part, a consequence of yearlings expressing tails that have increased feather wear and accumulation of dirt. In general, UV-blue coloration increased with age while chestnut plumage decreased with age, indicating that older individuals may tradeoff investing energy in structural and melanin ornaments. By assessing overall plumage coloration, female eastern bluebirds could estimate age class when choosing mates.
4 Point Mutations and Antiviral Drug Resistance

José Arellano-Galindo1, Blanca Lilia Barron2, Yetlanezi Vargas-Infante3, Enrique Santos-Esteban4, Emma del Carmen Herrera-Martinez5, Norma Velazquez-Guadarrama1 and Gustavo Reyes-Teran6 1Laboratorios de Virología y Microbiología Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 2Head of laboratory of Virology Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, 3Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases/HIV, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias 4Departamento de Bioquimica Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, 5Academisian of Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anahuac, Mexico Norte 6Head of Department, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México
Young People’s Critical Politicization in Spain in the Great Recession: A Generational Reconfiguration?

During the last decade, Spain has experienced, like other surrounding countries, a deep economic crisis accompanied by an unprecedented political and institutional crisis. This has led to a growing mistrust in institutions and a dissatisfaction with democracy, but also an increase in interest in politics, which implies an interesting change regarding other situations. Young people of the so-called ‘crisis generation’, who have socialized in a new and changing context, also participate in this process of change, and have moreover played a leading role in the public space. In order to analyze young people’s politicization process, in this article we use data from the European Social Survey (rounds 1–7, from 2000 to 2014) and the Young People in Spain Survey (2016). We developed a typology of attitudes towards politics and identified, using discrete choice models, the demographic and socioeconomic profile of young people particularly dissatisfied with politics. Our results show that, although young people socialized in the context of the crisis are very critical of politics, instead of moving further away from democratic politics or rejecting it openly, in most cases they politicize their discontent. Even those most critical of the way in which democracy works in the country have a very participatory political behavior, both in forms of nonelectoral and electoral participation.
Is Time Ripe for a Currency Union in Emerging East Asia? The Role of Monetary Stabilisation

This paper assesses the prospects for monetary integration between Emerging East Asian (EEA) economies. Our empirical analysis is based on a simple analytical framework for currency unions of small open economies, with a focus on the conduct of monetary policy in the presence of different types of shocks. Our empirical analysis looks at a number of supply-side characteristics of EEA countries, distinguishing between aggregate and tradable sector structural features. Moreover, we discuss the evidence on the cross-country variation of disturbances hitting the region. Our study indicates that, at present, EEA economies exhibit a high degree of cross-country supply diversity, while there is no compelling evidence that shocks are highly correlated across the region. JEL Classification: E52, E58, F33, F40
Endocranial morphology of Pygoscelis calderensis (Aves, Spheniscidae) from the Neogene of Chile and remarks on brain morphology in modern Pygoscelis

The endocranial anatomy of Pygoscelis calderensis, a fossil species from the Bahía Inglesa Formation (Middle Miocene–Pliocene) of Chile, South America, was described through CT scans. Reconstructions of the fossil P. calderensis and endocasts for the living Pygoscelis adeliae, and Pygoscelis papua are provided here for the first time. Comparisons with the extant congeneric species P. adeliae, Pygoscelisantarctica and P. papua indicate that the morphological pattern of the brain and inner ear of the extant pygoscelids has been present already in the Middle Miocene. The neurological morphology suggests that the paleobiology of the extinct form would have been similar to the extant species. It was probably true for diet, feeding behaviour and diving kinematics.
What drives corruption? Evidence from North African firms

We estimate the effect of the child support grant on mothers' labour supply in South Africa. Identification is based on the use of specific samples, such as black mothers, aged 20 to 45, whose youngest child is aged within 2 years of the age eligibility cut-off, and unanticipated variation over the years in the age eligibility cut-off. Balancing tests across the age cut-o s are used to show that there are no signi cant di erences between mothers of eligible and ineligible children in the samples used, over the years. Different techniques are used to estimate the effect of the child support grant from many angles, including simple OLS as a bench mark, a difference in difference estimator, using appropriately constructed treatment and control groups, instrumental variables estimates, and descriptive analysis. The effect of having an age eligible child is large. Mothers who become recipients in their twenties see an average increase in employment probability of 15%, and in labour force participation of 9%. Many robustness and specification checks are used, including placebo regressions in the pre-treatment years, to ensure the estimated effect is not due to age or another variable.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Jojoba Oil and Nigella Sativa Seeds in Rats Fed Diet Containing Aflatoxin

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Jojoba oil(J.O.) and Nigella sativa seeds(N.S.) in rats fed diet contaminated with aflatoxin(AF). Methods: Forty mature male rats were divided into eight groups and treated for 30 days as follows: (1) Untreated control; (2) Jojoba oil 1.25% (low concentration) ; (3) Jojoba oil 2.5% (high concentration) ; (4) Aflatoxin (AF)-contaminated diet (30ug/kg diet); (5) low dose Jojoba oil plus AF; (6) high dose Jojoba oil plus AF; (7) Nigella sativa seeds at 2.5% and (8) Nigella sativa seeds plus AF. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses and livers were taken DNA measurement. Results: The results indicated that Jojoba oil is rich in protein, phenolic compounds, phytic acid, and considerable amounts of simmondsin. Animals fed AF contaminated diet showed severe biochemical changes and DNA damage. Feeding on ration mixed with Jojoba oil alone at the two tested concentrations or Nigella sativa seeds did not induce significant alterations in all tested parameters. Treatment with Jojoba oil to rats fed AF containing diet protected against hepatotoxicity and DNA damage induced by AF. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Jojoba oil and Nigella sativa seeds can be incorporated in AF-contaminated feed to protect against hepatotoxicity and DNA damage induced by AF. Key word: Jojoba oil, Nigilla sativa & Aflatoxin
The KMOS AGN Survey at High redshift (KASHz) : the prevalence and drivers of ionized outflows in the host galaxies of X-ray AGN

We present the first results from the KMOS (K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph) AGN (active galactic nuclei) Survey at High redshift (KASHz), a VLT/KMOS integral-field spectroscopic (IFS) survey of z ≳ 0.6 AGN. We present galaxy-integrated spectra of 89 X-ray AGN (L2–10 keV = 1042–1045 erg s−1), for which we observed [O III] (z ≈ 1.1–1.7) or Hα emission (z ≈ 0.6–1.1). The targets have X-ray luminosities representative of the parent AGN population and we explore the emission-line luminosities as a function of X-ray luminosity. For the [O III] targets, ≈50 per cent have ionized gas velocities indicative of gas that is dominated by outflows and/or highly turbulent material (i.e. overall line widths ≳600 km s−1). The most luminous half (i.e. LX > 6 × 1043 erg s−1) have a ≳2 times higher incidence of such velocities. On the basis of our results, we find no evidence that X-ray obscured AGN are more likely to host extreme kinematics than unobscured AGN. Our KASHz sample has a distribution of gas velocities that is consistent with a luminosity-matched sample of z < 0.4 AGN. This implies little evolution in the prevalence of ionized outflows, for a fixed AGN luminosity, despite an order-of-magnitude decrease in average star formation rates over this redshift range. Furthermore, we compare our Hα targets to a redshift-matched sample of star-forming galaxies and despite a similar distribution of Hα luminosities and likely star formation rates, we find extreme ionized gas velocities are up to ≈10 times more prevalent in the AGN-host galaxies. Our results reveal a high prevalence of extreme ionized gas velocities in high-luminosity X-ray AGN and imply that the most powerful ionized outflows in high-redshift galaxies are driven by AGN activity.