Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Forward Premium Puzzle Only Emerges Gradually

The forward premium puzzle (FPP) is the negative correlation between the forward premium and the realized exchange rate return at maturities of a month and beyond. Some recent evidence shows that at maturities of multiple years and at the highest intra day frequency the correlation is positive and close to one. This paper contributes by using futures data instead of forwards to complete the maturity spectrum at the (multi-) day level. We find that the correlation only slowly turns negative as the number of days to maturity is increased to the monthly level. The typical shape of the premium correlation with regard to the forward maturity length appears to be V-shaped.
What can be expected from the Bitcoin

Only recently developed by the Japanese academic Satoshi Nakamoto (2008), the Bitcoin is a virtual currency that can be traded all over the world. Even though the money has been printed on several occasions the essence of the Bitcoin lies in the fact that it exists entirely on the digital highway. The coins themselves are a string of code that can be stored in the so-called wallet on your own computer. Subsequently, the Bitcoins can be used in transactions all over the internet, provided that the other person accepts the Bitcoin as a means of payment. The most remarkable thing about all this is that neither a government nor any financial institution is involved in any part of this transaction or in the regulation of the currency. Currently, the main users of the Bitcoin are technologically interested geeks who want to use the newest innovations, anarchists who have lost trust in the governments and the banking systems, and speculative risk-seekers looking for a new gamble. However, this is quickly changing due to the increase in the value of the Bitcoin and the attention that it gets in the news. In the academic sphere, little research has been done on the subject and the research that has been done is mostly technical and concerns cryptography rather than economics. However, my belief is that the Bitcoin is a rare, new phenomenon worth researching on the economic level as well. The fact is that this string of code, of which the Bitcoin exists, is worth intrinsically nothing. So, people are willing to spend an increasing amount of money on something that is literally worthless, with no guarantee that the Bitcoin will be worth anything in the future. If an explanation could be found where the value of the Bitcoin is derived from or what influences the value of the Bitcoin, a future for the Bitcoin can be predicted much better than before. Therefore the question is raised: “How does day-to-day financial data influence the value of the Bitcoin? ” The literature that is investigated concerns the theory of fiat money, money without intrinsic value, and investigates what drives the value of this fiat money. Subsequently, financial data will be collected and used in the analysis to see what affects the value of the Bitcoin. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn from the results of this analysis that will show what has an effect on the value of the Bitcoin. After that, several suggestions will be given for an expansion of this research in several ways.
Variational modelling of nematic elastomer foundations

We compute the [Formula: see text]-limit of energy functionals describing mechanical systems composed of a thin nematic liquid crystal elastomer sustaining a homogeneous and isotropic elastic membrane. We work in the regime of infinitesimal displacements and model the orientation of the liquid crystal according to the order tensor theories of both Frank and De Gennes. We describe the asymptotic regime by analysing a family of functionals parametrised by the vanishing thickness of the membranes and the ratio of the elastic constants, establishing that, in the limit, the system is represented by a two-dimensional integral functional interpreted as a linear membrane on top of a nematic active foundation involving an effective De Gennes optic tensor which allows for low order states. The latter can suppress shear energy by formation of microstructure as well as act as a pre-strain transmitted by the foundation to the overlying film.
Air pollution emission inventory along a major traffic route within Ibadan Metropolis, southwestern Nigeria

Increasing road congestion and high traffic volume is often times an indicator of atmospheric air pollution. Ibadan, being the largest metropolitan city in southwestern Nigeria, experiences steady influx of vehicular movement on daily bases. The situation is made worse as a greater number of these vehicles are old and poorly maintained. This study therefore investigated the likely impact of high traffic volume along a major roadway (the Ojoo-Mokola road) within the Ibadan metropolis on atmospheric air quality. Eight sampling points along a stretch of the roadway were identified for traffic density and air quality monitoring. Data was collected monthly over a period of four months in the morning peak, off peak and evening peak hours. Air quality parameters, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) were measured using handheld Crowcon Triple Plus+ and Crowcon Tetra-Portable Multi-Gas Detectors. The average concentration of CO range between 3.25 and 50.8 ppm with highest concentration observed during the morning and evening peak hours. There was a strong correlation (p=0.05) between ambient CO levels and traffic density. Relatively low levels of H2S, and NH3 were detected while NO2 levels were relatively constant (<0.1 ppm). Sulphur dioxide was generally not detected within the study locations. Though this study did not cover the whole city of Ibadan, findings from the eight sampling points suggest that this major stretch of road may altogether not be safe from traffic related problems. There is need for constant monitoring of vehicular emissions to forestall possible air pollution. Key words: Air quality, vehicular emissions, traffic density, carbon dioxide.
Some Properties of Soft Connected Spaces and Soft Locally Connected Spaces

In this paper we will introduced soft disjoint sets, soft separated sets ,soft connected space , soft disconnected space ,and study the relation between soft disjoint sets and soft separated sets, define soft hereditary property and study soft hereditary property on soft connected spaces , study the product of two soft disconnected spaces and the product of soft connected with soft disconnected .
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

Since at most T of these equations can come from (7), at least (m T) of them come from (8’). Thus, for the distribution (PI’, . . . , p,‘), at most T of the probabilities are nonzero. The proof of our contention now follows by letting plo, . , 10~0 in the above argument be a distribution for which channel capacity is attained. It should be remarked that this proof provides (via the Simplex Method of linear programming) a means for reducing any transmitter with more than r symbols, to another, equally good or better, with at most T symbols. For a discussion of the possibility of reducing the number of receiver symbols, see Feinstein.5
Lower incisor in zalambdalestid mammals (Eutheria) and its

Relationships of the specialized eutherian family Zalambda− lestidae (Late Cretaceous, Asia) have long been debated. Begin− ning with suggestion of Van Valen (1964) and including the re− cent phylogenetic analysis of Archibald et al. (2001), a possible close relationship of Zalambdalestidae to Glires (Lagomorpha + Rodentia) has been repeatedly suggested (but see Meng and Wyss 2001). One of the characteristics of Glires is the structure of the lower incisor, which is enlarged and open−rooted. An open−rooted incisor has been documented in the oldest known zalambdalestid, Kulbeckia, but structure of this tooth has re− mained unknown for the Mongolian representatives of this family, Zalambdalestes and Barunlestes. Here we present evi− dence on the presence of an open−rooted first lower incisor in Zalambdalestes lechei and Barunlestes butleri; we argue, how− ever, that structure of this incisor does not necessarily indicate relationship of Zalambdalestidae to Glires.
cancer : A retrospective review Panitumumab following disease progression on cetuximab in patients with metastatic colorectal

Despite advances in treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer over the past decade, the number of chemotherapy agents available remains limited. We report here a retrospective review of 11 patients who were treated with panitumumab following documented disease progression on cetuximab. Two patients demonstrated minor radiographic responses, albeit only for a short period of time. We conclude that the use of one epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor following failure on the other may be of benefit to patients who would otherwise have no other treatment options. However, studies to help identify the subset of patients who might benefit from this strategy are needed.
Storage Technologies to Enhance Longevity in Paddy ( Oryza sativa L.) Seed of Parental Lines IR58025A and IR58025B of Hybrid PRH-10

Storage conditions, storage containers and seed treatments prior to storage are important factors responsible for retaining seed longevity. But ideal storage environment are seldom available for the precious seed, especially under tropical conditions. Maintenance of seed germination in vulnerable parental lines IR 58025A (6A) and IR 58025B (6B) of paddy ( Oryza sativa L.) during storage was investigated using integration of different treatments as storage containers (jute bags/ polylined jute bags), storage conditions (ambient/LTLH i.e. low temperature, low humidity or controlled) and seed dressings (captan/thiram) at Karnal seed godowns in North India during 2000-2007. Ten kg of seed was stored per treatment. Seed was taken from the fields of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal (India). The initial moisture content of paddy seeds was kept 13% which is a standard. The results revealed that there was significant difference in the storability of paddy seeds under different storage conditions. Under LTLH storage conditions (temperature:15 °C and relative humidity:30%) paddy seeds maintained germination above the minimum seed certification standards (80%) up to 60 months after seed treatment as against 24 months when stored under ambient conditions. The germination of seeds stored under LTLH conditions (86.1%) and in polylined jute bags (75.3%) was significantly higher than seeds stored under ambient condition (61.9%) and in jute bags (72.8%) after 60 months of seed treatment. Treatment with thiram/captan also showed improved seed germination by 7% as against untreated control. Seed vigour also followed a trend similar to seed germination. The incidence of seed mycoflora was 54.8% and 45.2% in seeds of 6A and 6B, respectively. This was significantly higher in seeds stored under LTLH conditions (62.1%) and in jute bags (39.1%) compared to seeds stored under ambient condition (64.7%) and in polylined jute bags (47%). In all 16 fungi were found associated with paddy seeds. However, the fungal incidence in treated seeds was 29.2% as against 70.8% in untreated control. Seed moisture content did not vary much amongst different treatments though it was higher in seeds stored under ambient storage conditions (11.7%) as against seeds stored under LTLH- low temperature, low humidity conditions (9.2%). Keywords: Paddy-Rice; Seed Germination; Seed Mycoflora; Seed Storage; Storage Condition
Automorphy of Calabi-Yau threefolds of Borcea-Voisin type over Q

We consider Calabi-Yau threefolds of Borcea-Voisin type over Q. They are constructed from products of K3 surfaces and elliptic curves. We use concrete K3 surfaces and discuss the automorphy of the Galois representations associated to the Calabi-Yau threefolds. The moduli spaces of these Calabi-Yau threefolds are Shimura varieties. Our result shows the existence of a CM point in the moduli space. We also consider mirror symmetry of Calabi-Yau threefolds.
Detecting Repeatable Performance

We show that the standard equation-by-equation OLS used in performance evaluation ignores information in the alpha population and leads to severely biased estimates for the alpha population. We propose a new framework that treats fund alphas as random effects. Our framework allows us to make inference on the alpha population while controlling for various sources of estimation risk. At the individual fund level, our method pools information from the entire alpha distribution to make density forecast for the fund's alpha, offering a new way to think about performance evaluation. In simulations, we show that our method generates parameter estimates that universally dominate the OLS estimates, both at the population and at the individual fund level. While it is generally accepted that few if any mutual funds outperform, we find that the fraction of funds that generate positive alphas is accurately estimated at over 10%. An out-of-sample forecasting exercise also shows that our method generates superior alpha forecasts.
Title Health information seeking partially mediated the association between socioeconomic status and self-rated health among Hong Kong Chinese

Background: Poor self-rated health (SRH) is socially patterned with health communication inequalities, arguably, serving as one mechanisms. This study investigated the effects of health information seeking on SRH, and its mediation effects on disparities in SRH. Methods: We conducted probability-based telephone surveys administered over telephone in 2009, 2010/11 and 2012 to monitor health information use among 4553 Chinese adults in Hong Kong. Frequency of information seeking from television, radio, newspapers/magazines and Internet was dichotomised as ,1 time/month and $1 time/month. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for poor SRH were calculated for health information seeking from different sources and socioeconomic status (education and income). Mediation effects of health information seeking on the association between SES and poor SRH was estimated. Results: Poor SRH was associated with lower socioeconomic status (P for trend ,0.001), and less than monthly health information seeking from newspapers/magazines (aOR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.42) and Internet (aOR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.98–1.31). Increasing combined frequency of health information seeking from newspapers/magazines and Internet was linearly associated with better SRH (P for trend ,0.01). Health information seeking from these two sources contributed 9.2% and 7.9% of the total mediation effects of education and household income on poor SRH, respectively. Conclusions: Poor SRH was associated with lower socioeconomic status, and infrequent health information seeking from newspapers/magazines and Internet among Hong Kong Chinese. Disparities in SRH may be partially mediated by health information seeking from newspapers/magazines and Internet. Citation: Wang MP, Wang X, Lam TH, Viswanath K, Chan SS (2013) Health Information Seeking Partially Mediated the Association between Socioeconomic Status and Self-Rated Health among Hong Kong Chinese. PLoS ONE 8(12): e82720. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0082720 Editor: Jon D. Elhai, Univ of Toledo, United States of America Received May 30, 2013; Accepted October 27, 2013; Published December 13, 2013 Copyright: 2013 Wang et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was a part of the project ‘‘FAMILY: A Jockey Club Initiative for a Harmonious Society,’’ which was funded by The Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: hrmrlth@hku.hk
Variability for resistance to the pink stem borer (Sesamia calamistis Hampson) and the sugarcane borer (Eldana saccharina Walker) in two tropical maize populations

A set of 100 S1 plants were selected from a white and yellow maize population to generate both full-sib and half-sib progenies using North Carolina Design II (NCD II) mating scheme. The 250 progenies generated in each population were evaluated under artificial infestation with two borer species (Sesamia calamistis and Eldana saccharina) at two locations in two seasons to determine levels of genetic variability for improvement purposes. There were wide ranges for most of the traits studied in both maize populations. Plant height and grain yield were significantly reduced with mean grain yield loss being between 25 and 30%. In the white population, additive variance was larger than dominance variance for grain yield, days to 50% silking, stalk breakage and ear per plant, but for the yellow counterpart, additive variance was larger for plant height, ear per plant, leaf feeding and cob damage. None of the gene actions was important for dead heart. Narrow-sense heritability was low to moderate for the resistance parameters. It ranged from 1.45% for leaf feeding to 40.6% for stalk breakage in the white population, and from 3.80% for leaf feeding to 40.1% for cob damage in the yellow population. Heritability for grain yield was 37.6% in the white population but much lower (10.5%) in the yellow population. Although, heritability was low to moderate for the traits studied, the wide ranges and moderate additive variances obtained suggest that substantial genetic variability exist in the two maize populations for reasonable improvement to be made. Breeding scheme that capitalizes on both additive and dominance gene action would be effective for improving the populations for stem borer resistance and grain yield.
Alessandra Force on Breastfeeding , Ministry of Health , Italy Breastfeeding during Pregnancy : Position Paper of the Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine and the Task

As more women breastfeed for longer, it is increasingly likely that women may be still breastfeeding when they become pregnant again. The Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine (SIMP) Working Group on Breastfeeding has reviewed the literature to determine the medical compatibility of pregnancy and breastfeeding. We found no evidence indicating that healthy women are at higher risk of miscarriage or preterm delivery if they breastfeed while pregnant. No evidence indicates that the pregnancy–breastfeeding overlap might cause intrauterine growth restriction, particularly in women from developed countries. Little information is available on the composition of human milk of pregnant women, and we found no data on the growth of infants nursed by a pregnant woman. However, both the composition of postpartum breast milk and the growth of the subsequent newborn appear to be partly affected, at least in developing countries. SIMP supports breastfeeding during pregnancy in the first 2 trimesters, and we believe it to be sustainable in the third trimester. Based on the hypothetical risk, caution may be warranted for women at risk of premature delivery, although no evidence exists that breastfeeding could trigger labor inducing uterine contractions. In conclusion, currently available data do not support routine discouragement of breastfeeding during pregnancy. Further studies are certainly needed to explore the consequences of breastfeeding during pregnancy on maternal health, on the breastfed infant, on the embryo/fetus, and, subsequently, on the growth of the newborn.
DETERMINANTS OF INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK FORMATION IN THE CULTURAL SECTOR

In recent years, the number of studies applying Social Network Analysis to the formation of inter-organizational networks has increased. This paper analyzed a socio-centric network composed of 32 cultural organizations in Andalusia increase. Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Proce dure (MR-QAP) at the dyadic level, showed that perceptions of affinity (i.e., homophily) and the possibility of establishing contacts in the future, can exert influence on the establishment of informal contacts. At the internal level, an organization’s brokerage position in collaboration project networks is related to the volume of business and the old in the sector. Finally, this article discusses applications for the manage ment of inter-organizational networks in order to strengthen the implementation of public policies.
Body length of bony fishes was not a selective factor during the biggest mass extinction of all time

The Permo‐Triassic mass extinction devastated life on land and in the sea, but it is not clear why some species survived and others went extinct. One explanation is that lineage loss during mass extinctions is a random process in which luck determines which species survive. Alternatively, a phylogenetic signal in extinction may indicate a selection process operating on phenotypic traits. Large body size has often emerged as an extinction risk factor in studies of modern extinction risk, but this is not so commonly the case for mass extinctions in deep time. Here, we explore the evolution of non‐teleostean Actinopterygii (bony fishes) from the Devonian to the present day, and we concentrate on the Permo‐Triassic mass extinction. We apply a variety of time‐scaling metrics to date the phylogeny, and show that diversity peaked in the latest Permian and declined severely during the Early Triassic. In line with previous evidence, we find the phylogenetic signal of extinction increases across the mass extinction boundary: extinction of species in the earliest Triassic is more clustered across phylogeny compared to the more randomly distributed extinction signal in the late Permian. However, body length plays no role in differential survival or extinction of taxa across the boundary. In the case of fishes, size did not determine which species survived and which went extinct, but phylogenetic signal indicates that the mass extinction was not a random field of bullets.
Neurological manifestations in HTLV-1 infected individuals without HAM / TSP : a longitudinal cohort study

Background: Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the agent of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), observed in up to 5% of infected individuals. Despite low prevalence, many HTLV-1 patients who do not fulfill criteria for HAM/TSP present with neurological complaints related to sensory, motor, urinary or autonomic manifestations. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neurologic manifestations and risk factors associated with these outcomes. Methods: The incidence of HAM/TSP and new signs and neurologic symptoms were computed in a group of patients enrolled in a cohort study Results: Of 414 subjects, 76 had d finite, 87 had possible or probable HAM/TSP and 251 subjects had no neurologic manifestation and were selected for analysis. Definite HAM/TSP developed in 5 (1.47%) patients. Follow-up of at least three years was achieved in 51% of patients. The incidence rate was computed in 1,000 persons-year (206 for hand numbness, 187 for feet numbness, 130 for nocturia, and 127 for urgency). Average incidence rate in neurological exam was 76 for leg hyperreflexia, 53 for leg weakness, and 37 for Babinski sign. In applied Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the incidence rate of worsening 1 point was 134/1,000 persons-year. Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by gender and proviral load at SU N Y H ealth Sence C eter at B roklyn on A ril 1, 2015 http://cidrdjournals.org/ D ow nladed from