Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular genetics of thyroid cancer: implications for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system and accounts for approximately 1% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases. The most frequent type of thyroid malignancy is papillary carcinoma, which constitutes approximately 80% of all cases. Papillary carcinomas frequently have genetic alterations leading to the activation of the MAPK signal pathway. Those include RET/PTC rearrangement and point mutations of the BRAF and RAS genes. Mutations in these genes are found in over 70% of papillary carcinomas and they rarely overlap in the same tumor. Frequent genetic alterations in follicular carcinomas, the second most common type of thyroid malignancy, include RAS mutations and PAX8-PPARγ rearrangement. RET point mutations are crucial for the development of medullary thyroid carcinomas. Many of these mutations, particularly those leading to the activation of the MAPK pathway, are being actively explored as therapeutic targets for thyroid cancer. Detection of these genetic alterations using molecular techniques is important for preoperative fine-needle aspiration diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.
Emission and Formation of Fine Particles from Hardcopy Devices: the Cause of Indoor Air Pollution

The last few decades have seen major changes in the home and work environments. The economies of the Indian and other industrialized nations have shifted from manufacturing towards services that engage information technologies. Advances in information technology have increased the quantity and transformed the nature of equipment used in proximity to office worker due to which electronic media used for entertainment, telecommunications and data processing have become widespread in daily life. Typical examples are television sets, video recorders, hi-fi systems, and computers with their peripherals such as monitors and printers, scanners and copiers. Tabletop printers serve individual users in their workspace or home, or clusters of users in an office suite. Scanning machines and photocopiers are prevalent in office environments (Newburger, 2001). In addition, the use of notebook computers spanning both work and non work environments is on the rise. These devices are predominantly made of polymeric components and materials which can contain not only additives, such as flame retardants and plasticizers (Wensing et al., 2005), but also chemical residues from production processing aids (Wensing et al., 2002). There is growing concern about the levels of potentially harmful pollutants that may be emitted from office equipment and for which either toxicological effects or potentially significant exposures have been described in the literature. Office equipment has been found to be a source of ozone, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). VOC, SVOC and particles can also be emitted by the paper processed during printing and copying (Wolkoff et al., 1993). Many studies have investigated the health effects of photocopier toner dust and concluded that siderosilicosis and sarcoidosis-like pulmonary diseases are associated with human exposure to photocopier toner dust (Armbruster et al., 1996). Black and Worthan (1999) have described the VOC/ TVOC, particle and ozone emissions of laser printers, dryprocess photocopiers and personal computers. Wolkoff (1999) study dealt with photocopiers and indoor air pollution. Later on Lee et al. (2001) characterized VOC, ozone and PM10 emissions from office equipment. Today discussion focuses in particular on particle release from hardcopy devices, printers and photocopiers and its impact on the health of office workers (Roller, 2006). Recent advances in measurement techniques have enabled researchers to measure the
Associated anomalies in cleft lip and palate: analysis of 811 consecutive patients

Introduction : Clefts are common birth defects and may be associated with oro-facial congenital anomalies. It has not been established if specific types of anomalies are frequently related with clefts, or which organ is most commonly affected. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of associated anomalies in consecutive cleft lip and palate patients treated at two referral centres in Northern Nigeria. Methods : Cleft lip and palate at two referral hospitals in Northern Nigeria from January 2012 to December 2015 were studied. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Results : A total of 811 cleft lip and palate patients were managed. Fifty-five percent (447) were male and 45% (364) were female while 71% (578) were children and 29% (233) were adults. The prevalence of associated anomalies was 11.5%. The most common associated anomaly among cleft patients was facial anomaly (64% of cleft patients). Associated anomalies were most prevalent in patients with isolated cleft palate. Hypertelorism was the commonest type of facial anomaly recorded. Conclusion : Our study showed a low incidence of associated anomalies with a higher incidence in isolated cleft palate cases. Key Words : Cleft lip, Cleft Palate, Associated Facial Anomaly, Congenital anomaly
[The disappearance of "I"].

When reading the PDF, you can see how the author is very reliable in using the words to create sentences. It will be also the ways how the author creates the diction to influence many people. But, it's not nonsense, it is something. Something that will lead you is thought to be better. Something that will make your feel so better. And something that will give you new things. This is it, the to the disappearance.
A pair as a minimum: The two fibroblast growth factors of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) regulate many important developmental and homeostatic physiological events. The FGF superfamily contains several families. In this review, we present recent findings on the two FGFs of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans from both functional and phylogenic points of view. C. elegans has a single FGFR (EGL‐15) with two functionally exclusive isoforms, and two FGFs (LET‐756 and EGL‐17), which play distinct roles: an essential function for the former, and guidance of the migrating sex myoblasts for the latter. Regulation of homeostasis by control of the fluid balance could be the basis for the essential function of LET‐756. Phylogenetic and functional studies suggest that LET‐756, like vertebrate FGF9, ‐16, and ‐20, belongs to the FGF9 family, whereas EGL‐17, like vertebrate FGF8, ‐17, and ‐18, could be included in the FGF8 family. Developmental Dynamics 232:247‒255, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ISOPRENE SYNTHASE GENES FORM A MONOPHYLETIC CLADE OF ACYCLIC TERPENE SYNTHASES IN THE TPS‐B TERPENE SYNTHASE FAMILY

Many plants emit significant amounts of isoprene, which is hypothesized to help leaves tolerate short episodes of high temperature. Isoprene emission is found in all major groups of land plants including mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms; however, within these groups isoprene emission is variable. The patchy distribution of isoprene emission implies an evolutionary pattern characterized by many origins or many losses. To better understand the evolution of isoprene emission, we examine the phylogenetic relationships among isoprene synthase and monoterpene synthase genes in the angiosperms. In this study we identify nine new isoprene synthases within the rosid angiosperms. We also document the capacity of a myrcene synthase in Humulus lupulus to produce isoprene. Isoprene synthases and (E)‐β‐ocimene synthases form a monophyletic group within the Tps‐b clade of terpene synthases. No asterid genes fall within this clade. The chemistry of isoprene synthase and ocimene synthase is similar and likely affects the apparent relationships among Tps‐b enzymes. The chronology of rosid evolution suggests a Cretaceous origin followed by many losses of isoprene synthase over the course of evolutionary history. The phylogenetic pattern of Tps‐b genes indicates that isoprene emission from non‐rosid angiosperms likely arose independently.
Drug–drug interaction related to the use of pipamperon and ondansetron in a child treated for leukemia

Pipamperon is a potent neuroleptic drug with many side effects, including prolongation of the QT interval. We report a case of a child treated for leukemia in which prolongation of the QT interval was observed. Physicians and pharmacists should be cautious for drug–drug interactions when pipamperon is prescribed, especially in combination with other QT-prolongating agents. Alternative strategies should be used whenever possible.
Effect of Regional Gene Therapy with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-Producing Bone Marrow Cells on Spinal Fusion in Rats

Background: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are now being used as bone-graft substitutes to enhance spinal fusion. However, the large doses of BMP required to induce a spinal fusion in humans suggests that the delivery of these proteins should be improved. We used ex vivo adenoviral gene transfer to create BMP-2-producing bone marrow cells, and these autologous cells were found to induce a posterolateral fusion of the spine in syngeneic rats. Methods: Intertransverse spinal arthrodesis (L4 and L5) was attempted in ten groups of Lewis rats with 5 × 10 6 BMP-2-producing rat bone marrow cells (Ad-BMP-2 cells), created through adenoviral gene transfer with guanidine hydrochloride-extracted demineralized bone matrix as a carrier (Group I); 5 × 10 6 Ad-BMP-2 cells on a collagen sponge carrier (Group II); 10 &mgr;g of recombinant BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) in a guanidine hydrochloride-extracted demineralized bone matrix carrier (Group III); 10 &mgr;g of rhBMP-2 in a collagen sponge carrier (Group IV); autogenous iliac crest bone-grafting (Group V); 5 × 10 6 &bgr;-galactosidase-producing rat bone marrow cells, created through adenoviral gene transfer with guanidine hydrochloride-extracted demineralized bone matrix as a carrier (Group VI); decortication of the transverse processes alone (Group VII); 5 × 10 6 uninfected rat bone marrow cells with a guanidine hydrochloride-extracted demineralized bone matrix carrier (Group VIII); guanidine hydrochloride-extracted demineralized bone matrix only (Group IX); or a collagen sponge alone (Group X). Each specimen underwent plain radiography, manual palpation, and histological analysis. Results: All spines in Groups I and II (BMP-2-producing bone marrow cells) and all spines in Groups III and IV were fused at four weeks postoperatively. In contrast, none of the spines in the other groups had fused at a minimum of eight weeks after implantation. Histological analysis of the specimens revealed that the spines that had received BMP-2-producing bone marrow cells (Groups I and II) were filled with coarse trabecular bone postoperatively, whereas those that had received rhBMP-2 (Groups III and IV) were filled with thin, lace-like trabecular bone. All of the other spines, including those that had been treated with autogenous iliac crest bone-grafting (Group V), produced little or no new bone. Conclusion: BMP-2-producing bone marrow cells, created by adenoviral gene transfer, produce sufficient BMP to induce an intertransverse fusion in the rat spine model. Clinical Relevance: Regional gene therapy can be used to induce spinal fusion. This strategy with use of transduced bone marrow cells created through ex vivo gene transfer with a BMP-2-containing adenovirus could be adapted to enhance spinal fusion in humans.
Effect of Reflective Practice Education on Self-Reflection, Insight, and Reflective Thinking Among Experienced Nurses: A Pilot Study

A mixed-method study was conducted to determine whether nurses’ participation in a reflective practice continuing education program using a structured reflection model makes a difference in nurses’ self-reflection, insight, and reflective thinking about clinical practice situations. Findings suggested that use of structured reflection using question cues, written narratives, and peer-facilitated reflection increased nurses’ engagement in self-reflection and enhanced reflective thinking in practice. Including reflective practice education in novice orientation and preceptor training may be beneficial.
Angiogenesis as a marker of preneoplastic lesions of the human breast

At the time of biopsy or mastectomy, 947 tissue fragments from 42 patients were transplanted onto the rabbit iris to determine their capacity to elicit new formation of vessels. In all 10 carcinomas tested, at least 1 of the transplanted fragments induced a strong angiogenic response. Of 50 transplants from hyperplastic lobules, 28% also elicited new vessel formation. Fibrous or adipose tissue and tissues from normal lobules, fibrocystic disease, fibroadenoma, lipoma, and gynecomastia almost always failed to produce angiogenesis (Table 1). In the angiogenesis test the human mammary gland behaves like the mouse gland: a fraction of epithelial lesions, which morphologically appear hyperplastic, is already able to induce an angiogenic response just as the carcinomas. In the mouse, the frequency of neoplastic transformation is higher for those hyperplastic lesions with a high frequency of angiogenic response.13 These results suggest that a major effort may be warranted to ascertain whether the frequency of carcinomas is higher in human subjects whose mammary hyperplastic lesions elicit a strong angiogenic response. The angiogenic assay could distinguish lesions undergoing neoplastic transformation before morphological signs of „atypia”︁ and invasion appear.
Is the 24-hour urine sample a fallacy?

Abstract A study has been made of the use of 24-hour excretion (actual or projected) in comparison with the concentrations adjusted for specific gravity, as measures of exposure to lead, mercury, benzene, and trichloroethylene. It has been found that timed samples show a somewhat greater variation than values adjusted for specific gravity. When different individuals are considered, differences in body size affect the rate of excretion, as indicated by timed samples, to a certain extent. Other factors, however, appear to be of greater importance. The evidence presented, although not conclusive, suggests that the value adjusted for specific gravity is a better index of exposure than is the timed sample.
Brain cancer mortality and potential occupational exposure to lead: Findings from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, 1979–1989

We evaluated the association between potential occupational lead exposure and the risk of brain cancer mortality in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS), which is a prospective census‐based cohort study of mortality among the noninstitutionalized United States population (1979–1989). The present study was limited to individuals for whom occupation and industry were available (n = 317,968). Estimates of probability and intensity of lead exposure were assigned using a job‐exposure matrix (JEM). Risk estimates for the impact of lead on brain cancer mortality were computed using standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and proportional hazards and Poisson regression techniques, adjusting for the effects of age, gender and several other covariates. Brain cancer mortality rates were greater among individuals in jobs potentially involving lead exposure as compared to those unexposed (age‐ and gender‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9–2.3) with indications of an exposure–response trend (probability: low HR = 0.7 (95% CI = 0.2–2.2), medium HR = 1.4 (95% CI = 0.8–2.5), high HR = 2.2 (95% CI = 1.2–4.0); intensity: low HR = 1.2 (95% CI = 0.7–2.1), medium/high HR = 1.9 (95% CI = 1.0–3.4)). Brain cancer risk was greatest among individuals with the highest levels of probability and intensity (HR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.3–4.2). These findings provide further support for an association between occupational lead exposure and brain cancer mortality, but need to be interpreted cautiously due to the consideration of brain cancer as one disease entity and the absence of biological measures of lead exposure. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patient Discomfort During and After Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion Under Local Anaesthesia

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate whether surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) could be performed under local anaesthesia and to understand the patient discomfort associated with this protocol. Patient discomfort was compared during and after 2 different types of oral surgical treatments in the same patients. Odontectomies for impacted lower third molar (control) were compared with SARME procedures (test) that were also performed under local anaesthesia. A visual analogic scale was used for each patient to quantify his or her discomfort before and after surgery. A total of 47 patients required 1 of these surgeries and were enrolled in this study. No statistically differences (P >0.05) were observed between the control and test groups. The results of this study suggest that SARME can be safely performed under local anesthesia because the intra- and postoperative discomfort levels were similar to those of other procedures that are typically performed under local anesthesia.
ISG 15 counteracts Listeria monocytogenes infection

ISG15 is an interferon-stimulated, linear di-ubiquitin-like protein, with anti-viral activity. The role of ISG15 during bacterial infection remains elusive. We show that ISG15 expression in nonphagocytic cells is dramatically induced upon Listeria infection. Surprisingly this induction can be type I interferon independent and depends on the cytosolic surveillance pathway, which senses bacterial DNA and signals through STING, TBK1, IRF3 and IRF7. Most importantly, we observed that ISG15 expression restricts Listeria infection in vitro and in vivo. We made use of stable isotope labeling in tissue culture (SILAC) to identify ISGylated proteins that could be responsible for the protective effect. Strikingly, infection or overexpression of ISG15 leads to ISGylation of ER and Golgi proteins, which correlates with increased secretion of cytokines known to counteract infection. Together, our data reveal a previously uncharacterized ISG15-dependent restriction of Listeria infection, reinforcing the view that ISG15 is a key component of the innate immune response. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.06848. 001
The motilin receptor agonist erythromycin stimulates hunger and food intake through a cholinergic pathway.

BACKGROUND Motilin-induced phase III contractions have been identified as a hunger signal. These phase III contractions occur as part of the migrating motor complex (MMC), a contractility pattern of the gastrointestinal tract during fasting. The mechanism involved in this association between subjective hunger feelings and gastrointestinal motility during the MMC is largely unknown, however, as is its ability to stimulate food intake. OBJECTIVES We sought to 1) investigate the occurrence of hunger peaks and their relation to phase III contractions, 2) evaluate whether this relation was cholinergically driven, and 3) assess the ability of the motilin receptor agonist erythromycin to induce food intake. DESIGN An algorithm was developed to detect hunger peaks. The association with phase III contractions was studied in 14 healthy volunteers [50% men; mean ± SEM age: 25 ± 2 y; mean ± SEM body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): 23 ± 1]. The impact of pharmacologically induced phase III contractions on the occurrence of hunger peaks and the involvement of a cholinergic pathway were assessed in 14 healthy volunteers (43% men; age: 29 ± 3 y; BMI: 23 ± 1). Last, the effect of erythromycin administration on food intake was examined in 15 healthy volunteers (40% men; age: 28 ± 3 y; BMI: 22 ± 1). RESULTS The occurrence of hunger peaks and their significant association with phase III contractions was confirmed (P < 0.0001). Pharmacologically induced phase III contractions were also significantly associated with hunger peaks (P < 0.05), and this association involved a cholinergic pathway. Administering erythromycin significantly stimulated food intake compared with placebo (53% ± 13% compared with 10% ± 5%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Motilin-induced phase III contractions induced hunger feelings through a cholinergic pathway. Moreover, erythromycin stimulated food intake, suggesting a physiologic role of motilin as an orexigenic signal from the gastrointestinal tract. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT02633579.
Postintubation Interarytenoid Adhesion

Interarytenoid fibrous adhesion is a poorly recognized complication of intubation and is frequently confused with bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential for optimal management. Otolaryngologists should constantly remain alert for interarytenoid fibrous scar to establish the diagnosis as early as possible, optimizing the probability of restoring normal breathing and quality of life and avoiding an unnecessary tracheotomy. Surgical laser reduction is appropriate in all cases when other miscellaneous laryngeal injury lesions are eliminated. Direct laryngoscopy with careful examination of the posterior commissure and laryngeal electromyography are the 2 main clinical diagnostic aids contributing to establish the diagnosis.
The Effect of Chelation on Blood Pressure in Lead-Exposed Children: A Randomized Study

Studies in children suggest a weak association between blood lead concentration and blood pressure. To understand this better, we tested the strength of the association in children with elevated blood lead concentrations and whether succimer chelation changed blood pressure as it did blood lead. In a randomized clinical trial of 780 children with blood lead concentrations of 20–44 μg/dL at 12–33 months of age, we compared the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the succimer-treated group and placebo group for up to 5 years of follow-up. We also analyzed the relation of blood lead to blood pressure. Children in the succimer group had lower blood lead concentrations for 9–10 months during and after treatment, but their blood pressure did not differ from those in the placebo group during this period. During 1–5 years of follow-up, children in the succimer group had systolic blood pressure 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.27–1.90) mmHg higher than did untreated children in a model with repeated measurements, but the difference in diastolic blood pressure was not statistically significant. No association between blood lead and blood pressure was found. Overall, there is no association between blood lead and blood pressure in these children with moderately high lead exposure, nor does chelation with succimer change blood pressure.