Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting virtual memory for high performance computing on manycore architectures: a hybrid segmentation kernel approach

Page-based memory management (paging) is utilized by most of the current operating systems (OSs) due to its rich features such as prevention of memory fragmentation and fine-grained access control. Page-based virtual memory, however, stores virtual to physical mappings in page tables that also reside in main memory. Because translating virtual to physical addresses requires walking the page tables, which in turn implies additional memory accesses, modern CPUs employ translation lookaside buffers (TLBs) to cache the mappings. Nevertheless, TLBs are limited in size and applications that consume a large amount of memory and exhibit little or no locality in their memory access patterns, such as graph algorithms, suffer from the high overhead of TLB misses. This paper proposes a new hybrid kernel design targeting many-core CPUs, which manages the application's memory space by segmentation and offloads kernel services to dedicated CPU cores where paging is utilized. The method enables applications to run on top of the low-cost segmented memory management while allows the kernel to use the rich features of paging. We present the design and implementation of our kernel and demonstrate that segmentation can provide superior performance compared to both regular and large page based virtual memory. For example, running Graph500 on top of our segmentation design over Intel's Xeon Phi chip can yield up to 81% and 9% improvement compared to utilizing 4kB and 2MB pages in MPSS Linux, respectively.
Underutilization of breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy among women with stage I or II breast cancer

Objective. —To identify time trends and factors associated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and delivery of postoperative radiation therapy among women with stage I or II breast cancer. Design. ——Survey. Setting. —Population-based cancer registry in the Seattle—Puget Sound (Wash) region. Participants. —The study included 8095 women diagnosed with stage I or II breast cancer (American Joint Committee on Cancer staging criteria) from 1983 through 1989. Main Outcome Measures. —Breast-conserving surgery with or without radiation therapy vs mastectomy, and, among women with BCS, a comparison of radiation therapy vs no therapy. Results. —In 1985 when results from a US randomized clinical trial of BCS were published, the frequency of BCS peaked (46.3% of stage I; 30.1% of stage II) followed by a return to levels before 1985 for women with stage II breast cancer and a more moderate decline for stage I breast cancer. The likelihood of BCS decreased with increasing age ( P P P P Conclusions. —Despite scientific evidence of the equivalent efficacy of BCS with radiation therapy and mastectomy, BCS is not performed on the majority of women with stage I or II breast cancer as recommended by the National Institutes of Health, and factors are associated with its use that differ from selection criteria outlined by the National Institutes of Health. ( JAMA . 1991;266:3433-3438)
Initial management of bereaved relatives following trauma

Emergency department (ED) staff confront death more frequently than any other specialty except oncology. These deaths are often traumatic, sudden, unexpected and occur in a younger age group. As a consequence, bereaved survivors have a greater risk of an abnormal grief reaction. [Walters DT, Tupin JP (1991) Family grief in the emergency department. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 9(1): 189–206. ] Whilst the severity or timing of traumatic injuries may preclude medical attempts to influence patient survival, the approach of the same resuscitation team to the bereaved before death, during resuscitation and after death may have profound influences on subsequent grief in the bereaved. Despite this, it can be argued that Emergency Medicine within the UK has given little thought and time for reflection upon how we treat the bereaved. That the care of the dying and the bereaved within the ED matters is greatly reinforced by the Scottish Government’s 2010 Consultation document on bereavement that states: ‘There is … evidence that the way [the] bereaved experience events around the time of death will influence their grief. Where health services get it right … bereaved people are supported to accept the death … Conversely if the health services get it wrong, then bereaved people may experience additional distress, and that distress will interfere with their successful transition through the grieving process’.
A study of utilization pattern, efficacy and safety of drugs prescribed for opportunistic infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected patients

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the utilization pattern, efficacy and safety of drugs prescribed for opportunistic infections (OIs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients. Materials and Methods: In this observational, prospective, single center study, HIV positive patients were followed-up for a period of 1 year to record the OIs; their clinical course and outcome. Utilization pattern, efficacy and safety of the drugs used were evaluated. Rationality of treatment was assessed using National AIDS Control Organization and Standard Treatment Guidelines. Results: A total of 222 OIs were detected in 134 patients. Majority of patients (90.2%) were adults. The commonest OIs included tuberculosis (TB) (89), oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) (37), bacterial infections (30) and chronic diarrhea (22). Use of supportive drugs and empirical treatment of certain OIs contributed to a higher number of drugs (average of 3.5 drugs) per prescription. Drugs, prescribed in accordance with the above mentioned guidelines, were effective in most cases. Drugs were well-tolerated with only two serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported. Majority of ADRs were associated with anti TB drugs. Conclusion: Tuberculosis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, bacterial infections and chronic diarrhea are the commonest OIs. Overall, a rational approach to therapy and good tolerability and efficacy of drugs was observed. Empirical treatment of infections should be minimized.
Droid-Sec

As smartphones and mobile devices are rapidly becoming indispensable for many network users, mobile malware has become a serious threat in the network security and privacy. Especially on the popular Android platform, many malicious apps are hiding in a large number of normal apps, which makes the malware detection more challenging. In this paper, we propose a ML-based method that utilizes more than 200 features extracted from both static analysis and dynamic analysis of Android app for malware detection. The comparison of modeling results demonstrates that the deep learning technique is especially suitable for Android malware detection and can achieve a high level of 96% accuracy with real-world Android application sets.
Log-based predictive maintenance

Success of manufacturing companies largely depends on reliability of their products. Scheduled maintenance is widely used to ensure that equipment is operating correctly so as to avoid unexpected breakdowns. Such maintenance is often carried out separately for every component, based on its usage or simply on some fixed schedule. However, scheduled maintenance is labor-intensive and ineffective in identifying problems that develop between technician's visits. Unforeseen failures still frequently occur. In contrast, predictive maintenance techniques help determine the condition of in-service equipment in order to predict when and what repairs should be performed. The main goal of predictive maintenance is to enable pro-active scheduling of corrective work, and thus prevent unexpected equipment failures.
Using strong triadic closure to characterize ties in social networks

In the past few years there has been an explosion of social networks in the online world. Users flock these networks, creating profiles and linking themselves to other individuals. Connecting online has a small cost compared to the physical world, leading to a proliferation of connections, many of which carry little value or importance. Understanding the strength and nature of these relationships is paramount to anyone interesting in making use of the online social network data. In this paper, we use the principle of Strong Triadic Closure to characterize the strength of relationships in social networks. The Strong Triadic Closure principle stipulates that it is not possible for two individuals to have a strong relationship with a common friend and not know each other. We consider the problem of labeling the ties of a social network as strong or weak so as to enforce the Strong Triadic Closure property. We formulate the problem as a novel combinatorial optimization problem, and we study it theoretically. Although the problem is NP-hard, we are able to identify cases where there exist efficient algorithms with provable approximation guarantees. We perform experiments on real data, and we show that there is a correlation between the labeling we obtain and empirical metrics of tie strength, and that weak edges act as bridges between different communities in the network. Finally, we study extensions and variations of our problem both theoretically and experimentally.
A dirichlet multinomial mixture model-based approach for short text clustering

Short text clustering has become an increasingly important task with the popularity of social media like Twitter, Google+, and Facebook. It is a challenging problem due to its sparse, high-dimensional, and large-volume characteristics. In this paper, we proposed a collapsed Gibbs Sampling algorithm for the Dirichlet Multinomial Mixture model for short text clustering (abbr. to GSDMM). We found that GSDMM can infer the number of clusters automatically with a good balance between the completeness and homogeneity of the clustering results, and is fast to converge. GSDMM can also cope with the sparse and high-dimensional problem of short texts, and can obtain the representative words of each cluster. Our extensive experimental study shows that GSDMM can achieve significantly better performance than three other clustering models.
Silent Ischemia in People With Diabetes: A Condition That Must Be Heard

Angina pectoris has long been considered the cardinal symptom of myocardial ischemia. However, it is now known that angina pectoris may be a poor indicator for myocardial ischemia, particularly in patients with diabetes. Despite the recent advances in our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD), the recognition of diabetic patients with asymptomatic and yet significant CAD remains difficult. CAD in diabetic patients poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians, especially when patients are asymptomatic during episodes of myocardial ischemia. In diabetic patients, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death, and myocardial infarctions tend to be more extensive and have a poorer survival rate than in age-, weight-, and sex-matched individuals without diabetes. The medical cost associated with diabetes is staggering, amounting to about $100 billion annually, with vascular complications accounting for the majority of this expenditure. “Silent ischemia” refers to the presence of objective findings suggestive of myocardial ischemia that is not associated with angina or anginal equivalent symptoms. Such objective evidence includes exercise testing or ambulatory monitoring demonstrating electrocardiographic changes, nuclear imaging studies demonstrating myocardial perfusion defects, or regional wall motion abnormalities illustrated by echocardiography. Episodes of silent ischemia can occur with minimal or no physical activity and have been demonstrated in some individuals with stressors as mild as engaging in mental arithmetic. Diabetes, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, surgical revascularization, and advanced age are all putative risk factors for silent ischemia, although many affected individuals do not have any apparent contributor. In the Framingham Study,1 which was based on 34 years of follow-up of more than 5,000 subjects, about one-fourth of the patients who experienced a heart attack had unrecognized events. Unrecognized infarctions consisted of silent myocardial infarctions and atypical myocardial infarctions. The latter are myocardial infarctions that are accompanied by some symptoms …
Nonparticipation in University Language Support

Research has shown that many students studying abroad face great difficulties and run the risk of failing courses as a result of problems with the language (cf. Ballard & Clanchy, 1997). At a university in New Zealand it was found that over 70% of all resident second language speakers had a level of English that did not prepare them adequately for university study. In response, a free language support programme was offered to help students improve their English and develop their skills for independent learning. Students with identified language needs were strongly encouraged to take part in the programme. However, both the participation and completion rates were disappointing, especially among Japanese students. Several previous studies have reported similar findings, but little information is available on the reasons for this lack of participation (e.g. Voller, Martyn, & Pickard, 1999; Mak & Turnbull, 1999). The current study is an attempt to investigate why, in spite of strong encouragement, students chose to (not) make use of the available support and what determined their completion of the programme. It was found that while time constraints played an important role, so did students’ perceptions of the programme and the type of support it would offer. A number of practical recommendations for support staff working on such programmes are given.
Applying NFV and SDN to LTE mobile core gateways, the functions placement problem

With the rapid growth of user data, service innovation, and the persistent necessity to reduce costs, today's mobile operators are faced with severe challenges. In networking, two new concepts have emerged aiming at cost reduction, increase of network scalability and service flexibility, namely Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN). NFV proposes to run the mobile network functions as software instances on commodity servers or datacenters (DC), while SDN supports a decomposition of the mobile network into control-plane and data-plane functions. Whereas these new concepts are considered as very promising drivers to design cost efficient mobile network architectures, limited attention has been drawn to the network load and infringed data-plane delay imposed by introducing NFV or SDN. We argue that within a widely-spanned mobile network, there is in fact a high potential to combine both concepts. Taking load and delay into account, there will be areas of the mobile network rather benefiting from an NFV deployment with all functions virtualized, while for other areas, an SDN deployment with functions decomposition is more advantageous. We refer to this problem as the functions placement problem. We propose a model that resolves the functions placement and aims at minimizing the transport network load overhead against several parameters such as data-plane delay, number of potential datacenters and SDN control overhead. We illustrate our proposed concept along with a concrete use case example.
Current and future therapeutic strategies for treating mixed cryoglobulinemia

Introduction: Treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemic (MC) vasculitis may target either the viral trigger hepatitis C virus (HCV) or the downstream B-cell arm of autoimmunity. This review will focus on advances in our understanding of the treatment of MC vasculitis. Areas covered: Aggressive antiviral therapy should be systematically considered for HCV–MC patients. As induction therapy, in mild to moderate MC patients and following rituximab in patients presenting with more severe disease. If failure or contraindication of antiviral therapy or in non-HCV cryoglobulinemia vasculitis, rituximab may be used alone. For patients presenting with the fulminant forms, including peripheral necrosis of extremities, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, digestive, cardiac, pulmonary and/or central nervous system involvement, apheresis can have immediate beneficial effects but must be combined with immunosuppression to avoid post-apheresis rebound of MC. High-dose steroids, rituximab, and sometimes cyclophosphamide combination appeared as an effective salvage treatment for refractory MC. In such cases, antiviral therapy should be postponed after the critical phase. Expert opinion: Rituximab is an effective and safe option for severe MC patients. New antiviral agents would allow eradication of HCV infection in up to 90% of cases and thus increase in the proportion of HCV–MC remission.
Activity of the combination of bevacizumab (Bev) with capecitabine/irinotecan (CapIri/Bev) or capecitabine/oxaliplatin (CapOx/Bev) in advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC): A randomized phase II study of the AIO Colorectal Study Group (AIO trial 0604)

4030 Background: The combination of Bev with 5-FU/FA and irinotecan or oxaliplatin is highly active in ACRC. A recent phase III trial demonstrated that infusional 5-FU and capecitabine (cape) have comparable efficacy when combined with oxaliplatin and Bev (Cassidy et al. 2007). In contrast, data are heterogeneous for cape/irinotecan combinations. This randomized phase II trial compared safety and efficacy of Bev with either CapOx or CapIri as first line therapy in ACRC. Methods: Prerequisites were: untreated ACRC, ECOG PS≤2, measurable lesion(s), adequate hematologic and organ functions. Primary endpoint in this non- comparative design was progression-free survival (PFS) rate after 6 months (mos). Regimen: Bev 7.5 mg/kg day (d)1 with either oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2 d1)/cape (1,000 mg/m2 bid d1–14; CapOx/Bev, arm A) or irinotecan (200 mg/m2 d1)/cape (800 mg/m2 bid d 1–14; CapIri/Bev, arm B), all q d22. Arm B doses were reduced by 20% for both, cape and irinotecan, compared to previous trials reporting unacce.
Status, Diversity, and Traditional Uses of Homestead Gardens in Northern Bangladesh: A Means of Sustainable Biodiversity Conservation

A study was conducted to assess the status, ecological diversity, traditional uses, spatial arrangement, and importance of homestead garden for biodiversity conservation of the urban and rural households in Kishoreganj Sadar of northern Bangladesh. Assessment was done by means of multistage random sampling from a total of 80 households using a semistructured questionnaire. A total of 62 plant species belonging to 36 families including 5 threatened species were identified. The majority of the species were used as fruit and food (45%) followed by medicinal plants (38.71%), firewood (32.26%), and timber (29%). Ecological diversity indices indicated that the existing plant species in the homestead gardens in the study area have moderately high biodiversity and species richness. Farmers perceived importance for homestead plant species conservation was for fruit and food (85%) followed by building materials (78.75%), subsistence family income (73.75%), and source of firewood (68.75%). In addition, analysis of existing management regime indicates that growers lack scientific information, almost every household still follows traditional management systems. Finally, a specific homestead forest management plan, conservation of homestead species diversity through scientific management and obtaining training and support from government and NGOs, was found highly demandable by this study.
Exploring best practice teaming strategies among school-based teams: implications for school mental health practice and research

School-based teams are central to referrals, problem solving and decision-making in school mental health (SMH). Although the use of teams in SMH appears commonplace, research on these teams, however, is much more limited in scope. Using best practice teaming principles as a conceptual framework, this exploratory study examined the purpose, structure and function of 41 school-based service-delivery teams from 19 schools. Descriptive analyses revealed wide variations in teaming practices. Challenges related to youth and family members being involved in teams, as well as varied team leadership, were noted. In addition, teams discussed numerous topics as part of meetings. The discussion of data, however, was a topic that a limited number of teams discussed. Implications for SMH practice and research are offered.
Lack of relationship in long‐term type 1 diabetic patients between diabetic nephropathy and polymorphisms in apolipoprotein ε, lipoprotein lipase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein

BACKGROUND: Genetic susceptibility contributes to the risk of diabetic nephropathy. Lipid disorders may favour diabetic nephropathy. Thus polymorphisms in lipid metabolism are candidates for the genetic component of risk for diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: We searched for a contribution of the genetic polymorphisms of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and apolipoprotein epsilon (Apo E) to the development of diabetic nephropathy by studying 494 type 1 diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy and various stages of diabetic nephropathy (GENEDIAB Study). The selection process ensured that all patients had expressed their risk of chronic complications due to uncontrolled diabetes. Thus the nephropathy stages were largely influenced by genetic background. The lipid profile included fasting plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) and B (Apo B), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)). Genetic polymorphisms were determined by PCR-based detection of Apo epsilon (e2/e3/e4), LPL (mutation Asn 291 Ser) and CETP (TAQ:IB B1/B2). RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-seven patients (32%) had no nephropathy, 104 (21%) incipient nephropathy, 126 (25%) established nephropathy and 107 (22%) advanced nephropathy. There was a significant relationship between the stages of diabetic nephropathy and TC (P=0.002), TG (P<0.0001), Apo B (P=0.0007) or Lp(a) (P=0. 038), but not Apo A1. However the genetic polymorphism distributions of LPL, CETP and Apo epsilon did not differ in terms of renal complications. The study power to reject the null hypothesis was 58% for the Apo epsilon genotypes. CONCLUSION: These results support no or only marginal effects of a genetic basis for lipid disturbances encountered in diabetic nephropathy.