Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capital Adequacy Ratio and Banking Risks in the Nigeria Money Deposit Banks

Capital adequacy ratio is an important measure of “safety and soundness” for banks and depository institutions because it serves as a buffer or cushion for absorbing losses. Thus, it has become one of the major benchmarks for financial institutions. This study is an attempt to empirically examine the relationship between capital adequacy and banking risks. Three independent variables were used. These variables are risk-weighted asset ratio, deposit ratio and inflation rate. Twelve banks were sampled from the population of twenty-two banks in the Nigerian banking industry as at December, 2013. Secondary data were collected from the financial statements of the banks for a period of five years, from 2007 to 2011. Value at risk theory was adopted to estimate capital adequacy ratio of the banks. The hypothesis was tested using the results of the multiple regression analysis carried out. The model is fitted as there is absence of serial correlation and multicollinearity based on the Durbin Watson result of approximately 2, tolerance values of less than 1 and VIF values of less than 10 for the coefficients of the model. Changes in capital adequacy ratio are explained by changes in the independent variables, up to 35%. It was therefore, observed that there is a significant negative relationship between risk and capital adequacy ratio of banks, which means when risk level rises, capital adequacy ratio falls in the Nigerian banking industry. In line with these findings, the study recommends that Nigerian banks should adopt a risk-based approach in managing capital instead of the present practice of focusing on the paid-up capital and retained earnings as there is significant relationship between capital adequacy ratio and banking risks. Since the research has also provided evidence of negative relationship between deposits and capital adequacy ratio, we also recommend that Nigerian banks should adopt pragmatic approaches to guarantee the safety of depositors money since increase in deposits does not necessarily result to increase in capital adequacy ratio. Keywords: Capital Adequacy, Banking Risks, Risk Weighted Assets and Deposit-Asset Ratio
Analysis of the Electric Locomotives Neutral-section Passing Harmonic Resonance

For the further analysis and suppression of the electric locomotives neutral-section passing overvoltage, on the basis of theoretical analysis of the neutral-section passing harmonic resonance conditions, this paper establishes simplified harmonic resonance simulation models of the electric locomotives neutral-section passing using MATLAB/Simulink, and makes the overvoltage simulation analysis of the existing electric locomotives neutral-section passing system in the event of a harmonic resonance. Results show that when the system harmonic resonance occurs, the operating overvoltage of the neutral-section passing is serious intensified by the overvoltage of the harmonic resonance, which will make the voltage of the pantograph collector head exceeding 100kV. This amplitude of the overvoltage will breakdown the air gap, which will be a serious threat to the safety operation of the electric railway. However, this kind of neutral-section passing overvoltage hasn’t cause the attention in the field and theoretical studies, which need more analysis and verification in the further study.
Karyomorphology of Sinacfoxa (Adoxaceae) and its systematic significance

Karyomorphology of Sinadoxa corydalifolia and the karyotype of the diploid Adoxa moschatellina are investigated for the first time. Karyomorphological data indicate that Sinadoxa is directly akin to other two genera of the Adoxaceae, rather than related to Araliales; and three genera of the Adoxaceae should be a natural group. The karyomorphological combinations of the Adoxaceae delimit it from all taxa assumed to be related to it. The karyotype characteristics of all taxa of the Adoxaceae are compared and summarized. The mechanisms of speciation in the Adoxaceae are discussed.
The identifiability of the mixed proportional hazards competing risks model

Summary. We prove identification of dependent competing risks models in which each risk has a mixed proportional hazard specification with regressors, and the risks are dependent by way of the unobserved heterogeneity, or frailty, components. We show that the conditions for identification given by Heckman and Honoré can be relaxed. We extend the results to the case in which multiple spells are observed for each subject.
Why Extending Measurements of ‘Success’ in Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programmes Matters for Social Work

Ever since domestic violence gained prominence on the social policy agenda, the focus of interventions has been on victims. A range of studies on social work/social welfare note the invisibility and/or lack of interventions aimed at domestic violence perpetrators. Theexceptionhasbeenperpetratorprogrammes(knownintheUSAasbattererintervention programmes, or BIPs), which increasingly receive referrals from social workers. However, there remains ongoing disagreement internationally about their effectiveness. Part of this disagreement stems from the failure to consider a broad range of potential outcomes, with most research focusing on an overly narrow understanding of what ‘success’ means (as no subsequent police callouts or incidents of physical violence). A total of seventy-three interviews with men on programmes, their partners/ex-partners, programme staff, and funders and commissioners were undertaken to explore what ‘success’meantfromtheirperspectives.Findingsrevealthatsuccessneedstoberedefined and connected not just to criminal justice, but also to health and social care agendas.
Electronic kinetics of molecular nitrogen and molecular oxygen in high-latitude lower thermosphere and mesosphere

Total quenching rate coefficients of Herzberg states of molecular oxygen and three triplet states of molec- ular nitrogen in the collisions with O2 and N2 molecules are calculated on the basis of quantum-chemical approxima- tions. The calculated rate coefficients of electronic quench- ing of O 2 and N 2 molecules show a good agreement with available experimental data. An influence of collisional pro- cesses on vibrational populations of electronically excited N 2 and O2 molecules is studied for the altitudes of high-latitude lower thermosphere and mesosphere during auroral electron precipitation. It is indicated that molecular collisions of metastable nitrogen N2(A 3 6 + ) with O2 molecules are prin- cipal mechanism in electronic excitation of both Herzberg states c 1 6u , A 03 1u, A 3 6 + and high vibrational levels of singlet states a 1 1g and b 1 6 + of molecular oxygen O2 at electronically excited N2 on the rates of collisional processes causes a redistribution of First Positive Group (1PG) relative intensities with the increase in the density of the atmosphere. Secondly, the concentrations of atomic oxygen, nitric ox- ide and other atmospheric components are rather less than concentrations of N2 and O2 and the collisional part of the kinetics of N2 and O2 can be considered in the frames of N2 N2, N2 O2, O2 O2 collisions. Therefore the conclu- sions of the studies for auroral ionosphere can be applied to the conditions of a laboratory discharge in a mixture of N2
Selectivity and herbicides efficiency pre-emergence applied in papaya crop

In papaya culture, there is little information on selective herbicides when preemergence applied. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the selectivity and efficacy of herbicides pre-emergence applied to control weeds in papaya cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a randomized blocks design with four replications. The treatments were: ametryn (1500 g ha i.a.), diuron (1500 g ha i.a), ametryn + diuron (1500 + 1500 g ha i.a.), flumioxazin (50 g ha i.a.) and isoxaflutole (150 g ha i.a.), applied pre-emergence of weeds and before transplanting the papaya seedlings, as well as two controls, one kept in clean through hoeing and another without weed control. At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA) of the herbicides visual assessments of intoxication in papaya plants were made at 0, 28, 42, 56 and 72 DAA, plant height and stem diameter were evaluated, and at 21, 42 and 63 DAA the dry matter weight of the weed plants were evaluated. The herbicides ametryne, diuron, flumioxazin and the mixture ametryn + diuron caused the death of papaya seedlings, and isoxaflutole caused poisoning in seedlings with subsequent recovery. The weed interference resulted in papaya plants with smaller stem diameter, although the plant height was not influenced.
Effects of Risk Management Practices on IT Project Success

Received: 11 October 2016 Abstract Accepted: 2 February 2017 Successful management of an information technology (IT) project is the most desirable for all organisations and stakeholders. Many researchers elaborated that risk management is a key part of project management for any project size. Risk management is so critical because it provides project managers with a forward-looking view of both threats and opportunities to improve the project success. The objectives of this research are to explore organisational factors affecting IT project success and risk management practices influencing IT project success. Risk management practices include risk identification, risk analysis, risk response planning, and risk monitoring and control. The IT project success is measured by process performance and product performance. Data are collected from 200 project managers, IT managers, and IT analysts in IT firms through questionnaires and analysed using Independent Sample t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Multiple Linear Regression at the statistical significance level of 0.05. The results show that the differences in organisational types affect IT project success in all aspects, while the differences on organisational sizes affect IT project success in the aspect of product performance and total aspects. Risk identification and risk response planning influence the process performance and the total aspects of IT project success. Risk identification has the highest positive influence on product performance, followed closely by risk response, while risk analysis negatively influences product performance.
Nucleation process of magnitude 2 repeating earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault predicted by rate‐and‐state fault models with SAFOD drill core data

Recent laboratory shear‐slip experiments conducted on a nominally flat frictional interface reported the intriguing details of a two‐phase nucleation of stick‐slip motion that precedes the dynamic rupture propagation. This behavior was subsequently reproduced by a physics‐based model incorporating laboratory‐derived rate‐and‐state friction laws. However, applying the laboratory and theoretical results to the nucleation of crustal earthquakes remains challenging due to poorly constrained physical and friction properties of fault zone rocks at seismogenic depths. Here we apply the same physics‐based model to simulate the nucleation process of crustal earthquakes using unique data acquired during the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) experiment and new and existing measurements of friction properties of SAFOD drill core samples. Using this well‐constrained model, we predict what the nucleation phase will look like for magnitude ∼2 repeating earthquakes on segments of the San Andreas Fault at a 2.8 km depth. We find that despite up to 3 orders of magnitude difference in the physical and friction parameters and stress conditions, the behavior of the modeled nucleation is qualitatively similar to that of laboratory earthquakes, with the nucleation consisting of two distinct phases. Our results further suggest that precursory slow slip associated with the earthquake nucleation phase may be observable in the hours before the occurrence of the magnitude ∼2 earthquakes by strain measurements close (a few hundred meters) to the hypocenter, in a position reached by the existing borehole.
Constructions, functional heads and comparative correlatives

In this paper I will discuss two theoretical concepts and one area of syntax. The concepts are CONSTRUCTIONS, which play a central role in some frameworks but are rejected in others, and FUNCTIONAL HEADS, which appear to be the main alternative to constructions. The area of syntax is what is generally called the COMPARATIVE CORRELATIVE or comparative conditional (CC) construction although of course whether this is anything more than a convenient label is a matter for debate. I will consider what sort of account of this area the two approaches can provide. I will argue that the first is the more promising. The paper is organized as follows. In section 2, I outline the main current views of constructions and explain how functional heads might be seen as an alternative. In section 3, I introduce the CC construction, highlighting its idiosyncratic properties and the properties it shares with certain other constructions. In section 4, I present a constructionbased analysis of the data. In section 5, I consider what a functional head-based analysis would involve. Finally, in section 6, I summarize and conclude the paper.
The Nexus between Bank Capital, Liquidity and the Business Cycles: Empirical Evidence from the UK Banking Sector

Financial stability and liquidity creation are fundamental to economic growth. As a result of the recent financial crisis, there has been a huge debate on the minimum capital level that is able to absorb credit risk, especially during a downturn. Using 10 largest banks in the UK, with the annual data from 2004 to 2013, this research examines the linkage among bank capital, bank liquidity, and the business cycle. Employing both dynamic and static models in line with other previous work, [1] the literature gives evidence that financial institution health is profoundly affected by its capital-asset ratio, its liquidity, and business-cycle variables. The results show that adequate capital level will mitigate the extent of the financial shocks. The positive association between loan to deposit and changes in the gross domestic product implies that credit extension falls as the economy contracts. [1] Barth, (1991) and Cebula and Hung, (1992)
The phillips curve in Italy

The estimation of the Phillips curve in Italy, using the wage inflation rate as a dependent variable, based on annual data from the period 1961-2012, using the Johansen Method, allows us to conclude two things. Firstly, in the long term, there are two long-term relationships: the wage inflation rate relates positively to the inflation rate, negatively to the unemployment rate and positively to the average labour productivity growth index, as was expected; the inflation rate relates positively to the wage inflation rate, negatively to the unemployment rate and positively to the average labour productivity growth index, as was expected. Secondly, in the short term, the variation of the wage inflation rate relates positively and significantly to the error correction mechanism of the first long-term relationship; therefore, there is a significant response to the equilibrium error between the wage inflation rate and its determinants (inflation rate, unemployment rate, labour productivity growth index). Besides this adjustment, the variation of wage inflation rate responds significantly and negatively to the variation in unemployment rate and significantly and positively to the average labour productivity growth.
Erbium-doped Fiber Laser with Distributed Feedback from a Fiber Grating Array

An erbium-doped flber laser with low coherence, low threshold, high e-ciency and narrow linewidth is demonstrated for the flrst time based on distributed feedback from a flber Bragg grating (FBG) array. The FBG array contains tens of FBGs with identical Bragg wavelength but very weak re∞ectivity of » 5‰, inscribed along a normal single-mode flber with random separations. Low pump threshold power of 3.0mW and high slope e-ciency of 24% are achieved, which are comparable with that of normal erbium-doped flber lasers but much better than that of conventional random flber lasers based on distributed Rayleigh scattering.
Analysis of highly accurate rain intensity measurements from a field test site

Abstract. In the course of the recent WMO international instrument intercomparison in the field and the associated specific laboratory tests, highly accurate rainfall intensity measurements have been collected and made available for scientific investigation. The resulting high quality data set (contemporary one-minute rainfall intensity data from 26 gauges based on various measuring principles) constitutes an important resource to provide insights into the expected behaviour of rain intensity gauges in operational conditions and further useful information for National Meteorological Services and other users. A few aspects of the analysis of one-minute resolution rain intensity measurements are discussed in this paper, focusing on the observed deviations from a calculated reference intensity based on four pit gauges. Results from both catching and non-catching type gauges are discussed in relation with suitable tolerance limits obtained as a combination of the estimated uncertainty of the reference intensity and the WMO accuracy limits for rainfall intensity measurements. It is shown that suitably post-processed weighing gauges and tipping-bucket rain gauges had acceptable performance, while none of the non-catching rain gauges agreed well with the reference.
Composition from fast neutrons: Application to the Moon

Planetary neutron leakage fluxes provide a measure of surface composition. However to be used in geological studies, a quantitative relationship between measured fluxes and surface composition is needed. The present work shows that neutron production is expected to be a function of the atomic mass, and that the fast leakage flux in the energy range between 0.6 and 8 MeV is linearly related to the average soil atomic mass. This result is consistent with laboratory measurements, and with Lunar Prospector observations of the Moon. When calibrated with returned lunar samples, this relationship is used to construct a map of the average atomic mass of lunar soils.
Zeros of transfer functions in networked control with higher-order dynamics

Abstract This paper presents some results regarding location of transfer function zeros in general network control systems with dynamics of arbitrary order. The numerator polynomial of the transfer function is derived as a function of single agent dynamics and a Laplacian matrix. The results already known in literature are extended from single integrator and bidirectional formations to general dynamics and general interconnection structures. The location of zeros is related to poles of a slightly modified structure. Therefore, in some cases the zeros must follow the same root-locus-like rules as the poles do and they interlace.
Intra-industry trade in the agriculture sector: The experience of United States

This study analyses the determinants of United State’s intra-industry trade (IIT) applied to the agriculture sector. The results indicate that IIT in this sector is a negative role of the difference in GDP per capita between U S. and its trade partners. This is according to the literature; that is, countries with similar demands will trade similar products. Statistically strong evidence is also found that this trade is influenced by the economic dimension between trading partners. The foreign direct investment inflows have a positive influence on U.S. bilateral IIT.
Internet Use and Access to Health Information among Canadians: Are the Elderly on the Sidelines?

This study examined the use of the Internet to access health information online among Canadians and involved the secondary analysis of the Canadian household internet use survey data (n=33,832). The results showed that gender and marital status as well as the Internet use characteristics such as the location, frequency and duration were significantly related to individuals accessing health information online (p = 0.05) and age, education, occupation, income and the type of the Internet connection were not. The findings have implications for health promotion and health care delivery and provide the benchmark necessary for future trend-analyses in health information access.
Efficient Signalling with Dividends, Investment, and Stock Repurchases

The efficient mix of dissipative dividends, investments in real and financial assets, and repurchases of stock is computed for a continuum of firms with inside information about the return on risky real assets. In the efficient signalling equilibrium, the representative firm optimally distributes dividends, invests in risky real assets to maximize net present value, holds no financial securities, and sells new stock in the market. This firm finances its value-maximizing investment first from internal funds and second from stock sold to new investors. RECENT RESEARCH ON DIVIDENDS has included single-period signalling models with dissipative costs like adverse taxes on dividends relative to capital gains and deviations from value-maximizing corporate investment.1 These models have provided partial answers to the following questions. Why should firms distribute dividends rather than repurchase shares? Why do firms sometimes distribute dividends and simultaneously sell new shares in the market? Under what conditions do firms signal with dividends rather than foregone investment? More generally, what properties characterize the efficient mix of corporate signals, including dividends and investment or, equivalently, dividends and repurchases of stock? 2 Despite these recent results, many interesting questions are unanswered. For example, in an efficient signalling equilibrium, do firms finance their real investments first from internal funds and second from new securities sold to outside investors? Although this property is familiar from pooling equilibria, the latter equilibria are inconsistent with observed effects on stock prices from announced earnings, dividends, investments, and new issues.3 Can the insiders' maximand in signalling models be derived from the portfolio problem facing their firm's representative stockholder? This is important if properties of signalling equilibria are dependent on the maximand. Finally, can models of multiple corporate signals be generalized from two types of firms to a more realistic model with a continuum of firms possessing different private attributes?
QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE IN SUNFLOWER ( Helianthus annuus L . )

This study was conducted in order to estimate the gene effects which determine the inheritance of certain characters and to search the genetic structure of each group in a 9 x 9 diallel cross group established by crossing inbred lines of sunflower. (1) Significant positive heterotic effects were observed for all the characters studied but for different number of crosses. According to the results obtained, two to three parents were observed to be good general combiners for seed yield and eight hybrids were promising crosses for seed yield and plant height. (2) Both additive and dominance genetic variances were significant for all characters. Also, the overall mean dominance effect of heterozygous loci, h2 was significant for all characters. It was found that positive and negative alleles at these loci were not in equal proportions in the parents (i.e., H1>H2). The average degree of dominance showed overdominance for all characters.