Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equivalent martingale measures and no-arbitrage in stochastic securities market models

We characterize those vector-valued stochastic processes (with a finite index set and defined on an arbitrarystochasic base) which can become a martingale under an equivalent change of measure.This question is important in a widely studied problem which arises in the theory of finite period securities markets with one riskless bond and a finite number of risky stocks. In this setting, our characterization gives a criterion for recognizing when a securities market model allows for no arbitrage opportunities (free lunches). Intuitively, this can be interpreted as saying if one cannot win betting on a process, then it must be a martingale under an equivalent measure, and provides a converse to the classical notion that one cannot win betting on a martingale.
Digging into the past : 25 years of archaeology in Denmark

Introduction: 25 years of archaeology in Denmark, Jorgen Jensen. Part 1 Man and the environment: man and the environment, Bent Aaby land and sea, Charlie Christensen flora, Kim Aaris-Sorensen domestic animals, Tove Hatting the people, Pie Bennike dating methods, Henrik Tauber. Part 2 The late-Palaeolithic and the Mesolithic: the late-Palaeolithic and the Mesolithic, Erik Brinch Petersen Lithic refitting, Lykke Johansen the late-Palaeolithic, Anders Fischer reindeer hunters on Greenland, Bjarne Gronnow Mesolithic inland settlement, Anders Fischer Mesolithic art Mesolithic coastal settlement, Soren H. Andersen coastal fishing, Inge Bodker Enghoff submerged settlements, Jorgen Skaarup burials, people and dogs, Ebsen Kannegaard Nielsen and Erik Brinch Petersen teeth, Verner Alexandersen. Part 3 The Neolithic: the Neolithic, Poul Otto Nielsen early agriculture, Svend Th. Andersen settlement, Poul Otto Nielsen barrows with timber-built structures, Torsten Madsen causewayed camps of the Funnel Beaker culture, Niels H. Andersen Megalithic graves, Jorgen Skaarup cult houses of the Funnel Beaker cultures, C.J. Becker Jutlandic stone-packing graves, Erik Jorgensen pitted-ware settlements, Lisbeth Wincentz Rasmussen single graves and late-Neolithic graves, Mogens Hansen and Hans Rostholm sacrifices to the powers of nature, Klaus Ebbesen flint extraction, manufacture and distribution, Bo Madsen. Part 4 The Bronze Age: the Bronze Age, Jorgen Jensen settlement, Marianne Rasmussen and Christian Adamsen settlements on the raised sea-bed at Bjerre, Northern Thy, Jens-Henrik Bech roads, Mogens Schou Jorgensen the earliest metalwork, Helle Vandkilde metal analyses, David Liversage metal deposits, Jorgen Jensen spiral ornament, Preben Ronne the cult house at Sandagergard, Flemming Kaul the graves, Henrik Thrane Lusehoj on Fyn, Henrik Thrane oak coffins and Bronze Age chronology, Klus Randsborg. Part 5 The Iron Age and the Viking Period: the Iron Age and the Viking Period, Ulla Lund Hansen Bakkendrup, Svend Erik Albrethsen Bjergby, Svend Erik Alberthsen pre-Roman and early-Roman Iron Age, Lotte Hedeager Hedegard - a wealthy village on the Skjern River, Orla Madsen the late-Roman and early-Germanic Iron Age, Ulla Lund Hansen runes, Marie Stoklund Torstorp Versterby, Liza Fonnesbech-Sandberg deluxe brooches from Southern Sjaelland, Per Ethelberg regional groupings in the early-Iron Age, Jytte Ringtved the late-Germanic and Viking Period, Ulf Nasman and Else Roesdahl settlement, Steen Hvass trading sites and central places, Stig Jensen and Margrethe Watt Roman coins, Anne Kromann early towns, Stig Jensen iron smelting, Olfert Voss territorial defence barriers in fjords and inlets, Flemming Rieck defensive works of the early-Iron Age, S.W. Andersen Viking-Period banks and forts, E. Roesdahl votive deposits, M. Orsnes and J. Ilkjaer Priorslokke - a suggested interpretation, J.H. Jonsson and F. Kaul. (part contents)
Recent Trends and Prospects of Marketing Publications in Turkey

The objective of this study is to examine methodological issues and recent developments in marketing publications. Content analysis method is used to evaluate marketing publications in terms of methodological frame namely research type, research modeling, hypotheses development, sampling, measurement and data analyses. This study aims to provide directions and recommendations for the future of marketing discipline. Turkish National Marketing Congresses’ Proceedings between 2007 and 2012 are the basis for this study. Major problems are determined to be the lack of diversity in research methods, research modeling, hypotheses development, problems related to sampling process, the choice of data analyses techniques and interpretation of results.
Motor Assessment in Pediatric Neuropsychology: Relationships to Executive Function

Abstract Executive function often refers to control behaviors such as “initiating,” “sustaining,” “inhibiting,” and “switching. ” These mechanisms contribute to regulation of thinking and emotion but can be observed most clearly in the motor system. Neuropsychology has been influenced by “top-down” models of cognitive control that emerged from information-processing theories of cognition. In fact, neural models provide evidence that control processes are highly interactive within the cortico-striatal-cerebellar circuits. Cognition unfolds in response to motor-driven adaptation, and evidence exists for similar firing of brain cells and circuits during “imagined action” as in actual motor behavior. The motor system develops early and yet is not routinely assessed in neuropsychological evaluation of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This article reviews some of the approaches to motor assessment that have sensitivity to neurodevelopmental disorders, and advocates for inclusion of motor assessment, particularly in evaluating control processes independent of culture, language, and other confounders.
Information Systems Strategy and knowledge-based SMEs: Developing a framework for analysis of the Australian Biotechnology Industry

A limitation of recent work in the analysis of information systems strategies (ISS) for small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) is the tendency to focus exclusively on organisational resources as being the only source of competitive advantage. In some knowledge-based SMEs, ISS involves competitive advantage being obtained through a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include interfirm relationships and industry-structure as well as resources. This paper develops a framework for analysing ISS deployed by Australian biotechnology SMEs in one of the most knowledge-intensive industries. By making IS research conscious of the variety of ways SMEs source competitive advantage, at organisational, relational-based and industry structural levels, it is anticipated that the paper will contribute to the on-going debate on ISS and SMEs in the evolving knowledge economy.
A survey to investigate movements off sheep and cattle farms in New Zealand, with reference to the potential transmission of foot-and-mouth disease

Abstract AIM: To quantify the numbers and extent of movements off sheep and cattle farms in New Zealand, in order to construct more realistic simulation models to investigate how infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) might spread. METHODS: Farmers from 500 randomly selected farms, comprising 100 from each of the following sectors, viz beef, dairy, grazing/dairy heifer rearing, sheep, and mixed sheep and beef, were asked to fill in diaries in which they recorded the movements of all animals, products, people, vehicles and equipment coming on to or leaving their farms during two separate 3-week periods, representing relatively ‘busy’ and ‘quiet’ times of the year with respect to livestock movements. Where possible, the destination of each movement was identified and geo-coded, to allow the distance travelled to be calculated. Each movement was then classified according to the risk of transfer of FMD virus (FMDV), should the disease have been present on the study farm at the time of the movement. The data were then analysed to establish movement frequencies and distributions of distances travelled, by the different pastoral livestock sectors. RESULTS: Two hundred and seventeen farmers returned one or more diaries. One hundred and ninety-three farmers completed a Busy-period diary, recording a total of 12,052 movements off their farms, a crude average of 62.4 per 3-week period, or 2.97 per day. Of these, 4.0% involved the transport of livestock, equating to 0.12 livestock consignments per day. In contrast, 186 Quiet-period diaries were returned, recording a total of 10,885 movements off, representing a crude average of 58.5 during the 3-week period, or 2.78 per day. Of these, 2.1% involved livestock, equating to 0.06 livestock consignments per day. The mean and median distances travelled during the Busy periods were 30.9 km and 13.1 km, respectively (range 0–1,167 km). In comparison, the mean and median distances travelled during Quiet periods were 41.3 and 14 km, respectively (range 0.4–1,203 km). CONCLUSIONS: People, vehicles, livestock and other items can travel off pastoral livestock farms in New Zealand to other farms either directly or via saleyards over extensive distances. This has implications for the potential spread of infectious diseases such as FMD. Movement parameters intended for use in the InterSpread Plus inter-farm simulation model of FMD were established, which will facilitate the prediction of likely spread and efficacy of controls in the unlikely event of a real-life outbreak.
Interrater agreement for CT scans of patients with lacunar infarcts and leuko‐araiosis

ABSTRACT A total of 74 CT scans from patients with lacunar syndromes were presented to 10 raters, most of them experienced in neuroradiology. The attributes to be judged were: lacunar infarets (yes/no), leuko‐aralosis (decreased density of the cerebral white matter) (yes/no), cortical atrophy (yes/no), and normal (yes/no). The chance corrected kappa coefficients were 0.641 for decreased density, 0.445 for lacunar infarcts and 0.206 for cortical atrophy. Taking into consideration the attribute cortical atrophy, the kappa coefficient for the attribute normal was 0.330, and without taking cortical atrophy into consideration, it was 0.523. Studies of lacunar infarcts and of leuko‐araiosis should be based on clear definitions in order to guarantee a minimum level of interrater agreement.
Examining perceived alcoholism stigma effect on racial-ethnic disparities in treatment and quality of life among alcoholics.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine racial-ethnic differences in perceived stigmatization of former alcoholics and their effect on associations of race-ethnicity with treatment history and psychological function among lifetime alcoholics. METHOD Logistic regression analyses were conducted using data from Waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults 18 years or older. RESULTS Stigma scores were lowest for Whites and Native Americans, higher for Blacks, and highest for Asians and Hispanics, both in the total population and among lifetime alcoholics. Neither race-ethnicity nor stigma was associated with treatment utilization. Psychological function was negatively associated with stigma, but the impact of stigma on racial-ethnic differences in psychological function fell short of statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Stigma may reduce quality of life among those with alcohol dependence, but there is no clear evidence that it affects racial-ethnic differences in quality of life.
A reexamination of the role of LYT-2-positive T cells in murine skin graft rejection

We have investigated which T cell subclass defined by cytolysis with monoclonal anti-Lyt-1.2 and anti-Lyt-2.2 antibodies is required to adoptively transfer the ability to reject skin grafts. B6.Thy-1.1 spleen cells immune to graft antigens were fractionated with antibody plus C' and transferred to adult thymectomized, irradiated, bone marrow- reconstituted (ATXBM) B6.Thy-1.2 hosts that were simultaneously grafted with BALB.B skin. We found that when the ATXBM hosts were used 6 wk after irradiation and marrow reconstitution, both Lyt-1-depleted and Lyt-2-depleted immune spleen cells could transfer the ability to promptly reject skin grafts. However, such ATXBM recipients of Lyt-2- depleted cells that had rejected skin grafts were found to contain graft-specific CTL that were largely of host (B6.Thy-1.2) origin. When ATXBM hosts were used for the experiment 1 wk after irradiation and marrow reconstitution, no host-derived graft-specific CTL could be detected. However, graft rejection occurred in recipients of anti-Lyt-1- or anti-Lyt-2 plus C'-treated immune cells and specific CTL were generated from spleen cells of both groups. Thus, in the absence of a host-derived response, adoptively transferred immune Lyt-2+ cells, either resistant to, or that escaped from, antibody plus C' treatment, are able to expand in response to the antigenic stimulus provided by the graft. A more complete elimination of specific T cell subclasses is therefore needed to assess the relative contribution of a particular subset to the graft rejection process.
Differential influence of increased polyol pathway on protein kinase C expressions between endoneurial and epineurial tissues in diabetic mice

To explore the relationship between polyol pathway and protein kinase C (PKC), we examined PKC activities and expressions of PKC isoforms separately in endoneurial and vessel‐rich epineurial tissues in diabetic mice transgenic for human aldose reductase (Tg). Tg and littermate control mice (Lm) were made diabetic by streptozotocin at 8 weeks of age and treated orally with aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) (fidarestat 3–5 mg/kg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. At the end, compared with non‐diabetic state, sorbitol contents were increased 6.4‐fold in endoneurium and 5.1‐fold in epineurium in diabetic Tg, whereas the increase was detected only in endoneurium in diabetic Lm. Endoneurial PKC activity was significantly reduced in diabetic Tg. By contrast, epineurial PKC activity was increased in both diabetic Lm and diabetic Tg and there was no significant difference between the two groups. These changes were all corrected by ARI treatment. Consistent with the changes of PKC activities, diabetic Tg showed decreased expression of PKCα in endoneurium, whereas there was an increased expression of PKCβII in epineurium in both diabetic Tg and diabetic Lm. These findings suggest the presence of dichotomous metabolic pathway between neural and vascular tissues in the polyol‐PKC‐related pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
An architecture proposal for V2X communication-centric traffic light controller systems

Efficient traffic control and management is a fundamental and urgent challenge in our ever-growing cities. Maximizing roadway capacity usage, balancing traffic flows, decreasing emission, improving traffic safety and providing motorists with the best end-to-end transportation experience are the most important goals of modern intelligent traffic control infrastructures. Evolving traffic light or traffic signal controller systems are playing an important role in these architectures by adaptively and dynamically coordinating individual traffic lights to achieve city-wide objectives of traffic operations. The integration of such systems with vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to- infrastructure (V2I) communication techniques (together referred as V2X) could easily be the next step of this evolution allowing for dynamic real-time information exchange between all the players of the traffic controlling ecosystem and fostering cooperative urban mobility. In this paper we propose a possible architecture for a V2X-integrated traffic light controller systems and present the testbed with our proof-of-concept implementation of the proposed scheme.
Induction of Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase in Rat Brain Astrocytes by Systemic Lipopolysaccharide Treatment*

In the brain, three isoforms of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS), namely neuronal NOS (nNOS, NOS1), inducible NOS (iNOS, NOS2), and endothelial NOS (eNOS, NOS3), have been implicated in biological roles such as neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, immune function, and blood vessel regulation, each isoform exhibiting in part overlapping roles. Previous studies showed that iNOS is induced in the brain by systemic treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Gram-negative bacteria-derived stimulant of the innate immune system. Here we found that eNOS mRNA is induced in the rat brain by intraperitoneal injection of LPS of a smaller amount than that required for induction of iNOS mRNA. The induction of eNOS mRNA was followed by an increase in eNOS protein. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that eNOS is located in astrocytes of both gray and white matters as well as in blood vessels. Induction of eNOS in response to a low dose of LPS, together with its localization in major components of the blood-brain barrier, suggests that brain eNOS is involved in early pathophysiologic response against systemic infection before iNOS is induced with progression of the infection.
« Human agency », ERP and CRM: the roles of final users in the postimplementation phase

Many studies on information systems (IS) place greater emphasis on the concept of users than on structures to explain the impact of information technologies (IT) in organizations [Boudreau & Robey 2005, Cousins and Robey, 2005; Chu & Robey, 2008]. Human agency offers a theoretical framework for greater insights into the use of new technologies like Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) or Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in relation to three temporal dimensions: the iterations of the past, future forecasts and the contingencies of the present. We apply this theory to two case studies. The first is an exploratory study that focuses on the implementation of a CRM tool in a large French telecommunications company, and the second is a confirmatory study of an ERP software system, following its introduction in a large state-owned organization in France (RTE). The findings from these two cases illustrate the value of the theory of human agency 1 to explain the way CRM and ERP use evolves. End users continued to work in the old way, deliberately choosing not to use these tools whenever possible, then improvised uses in response to urgent demands, and finally reinvented uses in accordance with their own interpretations of future needs, stages described by Boudreau and Robey as inertia and reinvention (2005).
Day after the night before: influence of evening alcohol on risk of hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.

There is no evidence to suggest that individuals with type 1 diabetes adopt a different approach to their use of alcohol than the rest of the population. Nevertheless, in patients treated with insulin, alcohol has been implicated in up to one-fifth of hospital attendances with hypoglycemia (1). Recently, in a laboratory-based study, Turner et al. (2) reported that ingestion of alcohol with an evening meal increased the risk of hypoglycemia the next morning in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, this study was small, patients were admitted to a research unit, their “usual” insulin doses were reduced at meal times, and the overnight insulin was administered intravenously in a controlled environment. To date there has been no study examining the effect of alcohol in free-living patients with type 1 diabetes over a 24-h period. We studied 16 free-living patients with type 1 diabetes aged 39 ± 7 years, with a duration of diabetes of 15 ± 11 years, who consumed alcohol on a regular basis (<28 units/week). All gave written informed consent for the study after approval from the local research ethics committee. All had normal awareness of hypoglycemia and stable glycemic control (HbA1c 8.1 ± 1.0%). The patients wore the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) (Medtronic Minimed, Minneapolis) for 36 h …
A WHITE PAPER ON THE STATUS AND NEEDS OF LARGEMOUTH BASS CULTURE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL REGION

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are the most sought-after freshwater sport fish in the United States. Largemouth bass are a member of the family Centrarchidae. Currently the genus Micropterus contains seven species. As part of the development of the new strategic plan, the North Central Regional Aquaculture Center (NCRAC) is trying to address the concern that the long-term focus of research goals and priorities may be lost because the NCRAC Board of Directors (Board) and the Industry Advisory Council memberships change over time. The Board in the June 1999 meeting directed that an updateable white paper be written on largemouth bass. The white paper is not an exhaustive literature review, but a working document that defines the current status of largemouth bass culture including the critical factors limiting the economic production in order to make recommendations for future research. Industry participation and peer reviews are critical components for the evolution of this document. Disciplines Aquaculture and Fisheries Comments This article is from NCRAC White Paper series, March 2000. Used with permission. This report is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ncrac_whitepapers/4 A WHITE PAPER ON THE STATUS AND NEEDS OF LARGEMOUTH BASS CULTURE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL REGION
A study of enamel matrix proteins on differentiation of porcine bone marrow stromal cells into cementoblasts

Abstract. Objective: To further explore the role of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) in periodontal regeneration, we have used porcine bone marrow‐derived stromal cells (BMSCs) to observe whether the EMPs could have an effect on their differentiation into cementoblasts. Materials and methods: In this study, EMPs were extracted from porcine tooth germs by the use of acetic acid. BMSCs obtained from porcine iliac marrow aspiration were inoculated onto the surface of autologous root slices treated with or without EMPs. Following 7‐day co‐culture, all the BMSC‐seeded root slices, with their respective non‐cell‐inoculated control specimens, were pocketed with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and were transplanted subcutaneously into 11 nude mice. The animals were sacrificed after 3 and 8 weeks, and the new specimens were processed for haematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Histological analysis demonstrated new cellular cementum‐like tissue formed along EMP‐treated root slices. Conclusion: Our work has indicated for the first time, differentiation of BMSCs into cementoblasts using an EMP‐based protocol.
Engineering scaffold‐free bone tissue using bone marrow stromal cell sheets

The use of exogenous scaffolds to engineer bone tissue faces several drawbacks including insufficient biological activity, potential immunogenicity, elevated inflammatory reaction, fluctuating degradation rate, and low cell‐attachment efficiency. To circumvent these limitations, we sought to engineer large scaffold‐free bone tissue using cell sheets. We harvested intact cell sheets from bone marrow stromal cells using a continuous culture method and a scraping technique. The cell sheets were then rolled and fabricated into large constructs. Finally, the constructs were implanted into the subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. The cells within the sheet maintained in vitro osteogenic potential after osteoblast differentiation. Computed tomography scans and histological examination confirmed new bone formation in vivo. Additionally, the engineered bone exhibited enhanced compressive strength. Our results indicate that the BMSC sheets can facilitate the formation of functional three‐dimensional bone tissue without the use of exogenous scaffolds. Hence, the study provides an intriguing alternative strategy for bone repair. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:697–702, 2010