Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of pulmonary function of women in 2nd trimester and non-pregnant women, in central Uttar-Pradesh, India

Background: Pregnancy is nothing but a process of maternal adaptation to meet the increasing needs of the growing foetus. Significant changes in the highly sensitive respiratory system occurs during pregnancy to fulfil increased demands as well as to combat stress of pregnancy. Although many studies have been done in India to study the Pulmonary Functions during pregnancy, but due to paucity of such study in central Uttar-Pradesh this study was planned.Methods: This study was carried out on 353 2nd trimester pregnant women coming to ANC clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Uttar-Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, pulmonary function parameters were recorded using Computer based Digital Spirometer. Data were compared with pulmonary function parameters of age matched 353 Non-Pregnant controls. Parameters studied were FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR and MVV.Results: FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and PEFR was found less in pregnant women as compared to Non-pregnant women, difference was statistically highly significant (P<0.01). MVV was also found less in pregnant women but it was insignificant (P >0.05). Conclusions: All parameters of PFT are deranged in pregnancy. Matching of other attributes of cases and controls like height, pre-pregnancy weight of cases and weight of controls, Haemoglobin, BMI, could possibly further explain the established relationship of pregnancy and PFT parameter derangements. Perhaps, a longitudinal study in expectant mothers by measuring their PFT parameters in non-pregnant states and then serial follow-up PFT measurement during their pregnancy would be a better approach to look for the effects of pregnancy on PFT parameters.
Finding the Missing Baryons in the Intergalactic Medium with Localized Fast Radio Bursts

The missing baryon problem is one of the major unsolved problems in astronomy. Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright millisecond pulses with unknown origins. The dispersion measure of FRBs is defined as the electron column density along the line of sight, and accounts for every ionized baryon. Here we measure the baryon content of the universe using 22 localized FRBs. Unlike previous works that fixed the value of dispersion measure of FRB host galaxies and ignored the inhomogeneities of the intergalactic medium (IGM), we use the probability distributions of dispersion measures contributed by host galaxies and IGM from the state-of-the-art IllustrisTNG simulations. We derive the cosmic baryon density of Ωb=0.0490−0.0033+0.0036 (1σ), with a precision of 7.0%. This value is dramatically consistent with other measurements, such as the cosmic microwave background and Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Our work supports that the baryons are not missing, but residing in the IGM.
Why we couldn’t prove SETH hardness of the Closest Vector Problem for even norms!

Recent work has shown SETH hardness of CVP in the $\ell_{p}$ norm for any p that is not an even integer. This result was shown by giving a Karp reduction from k-SAT on n variables to CVP on a lattice of rank n. In this work, we show a barrier towards proving a similar result for CVP in the $\ell_{p}$ norm where p is an even integer. We show that for any $c\gt0$, if for every $k\gt0$, there exists an efficient reduction that maps a k-SAT instance on n variables to a CVP instance for a lattice of rank at most $n^{c}$ in the Euclidean norm, then coNP $\subset NP/Poly$. We prove a similar result for CVP for all even norms under a mild additional promise that the ratio of the distance of the target from the lattice and the shortest non-zero vector in the lattice is bounded by $\exp \left(n^{O(1)}\right)$. Furthermore, we show that for any $c\gt0$, and any even integer p, if for every $k\gt0$, there exists an efficient reduction that maps a k-SAT instance on n variables to a $SVP_{p}$ instance for a lattice of rank at most $n^{c}$, then coNP $\subset NP /$ Poly.1 While prior results have indicated that lattice problems in the $\ell_{2}$ norm (Euclidean norm) are easier than lattice problems in other norms, this is the first result that shows a separation between these problems. We achieve this by using a result by Dell and van Melkebeek on the impossibility of the existence of a reduction that compresses an arbitrary k-SAT instance into a string of length $\mathcal{O}\left(n^{k-\varepsilon}\right)$ for any $\varepsilon\gt0$. In addition to CVP, we also show that the same result holds for the Subset-Sum problem using similar techniques.1The result for SVP does not require any additional promise.
Trends and patterns of drug abuse in select population of Punjab in year 2016-201

Background: Psychoactive substance abuse in India continues to be a substantive problem for the individual as well as for the society. However, its consumption trends are liable to change from time to time which seems challenging to traditional treatment interventions. It has negative impact on physical and mental health, interpersonal relationship, financial status and occupation of substance users and their family.Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the recent trends of drug abuse by drug users in Punjab. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive research approach with cross-sectional survey design was used to assess the pattern of drug abuse in 200 conveniently selected drug users visiting tertiary care level hospital of Punjab by using socio-demographic sheet and pattern of substance use sheet. Results: Majority (54.5%) of drug users were using opioids. Mean age of initiation of all drug use was 20 years. More than half (62.5%) of subjects were indulged in drug use due to suggestion of friends. Heroin was reported most expensive drug by users. Majority (86.5%) of subjects were using drugs at agricultural fields, river banks, old buildings and lonely places etc. Maximum (42.5%) of subjects were admitted to de-addiction ward due to financial problems. Conclusion: Study concluded that pattern of drug use changed from natural to synthetic/medical substances. Appropriate interventional strategies need to be used to address with changed drug use pattern during the care of patients.
Epidemiological features of dengue fever in a four-year hospitalbased study in Faisalabad, Pakistan

Background: Pakistan, being a subtropical country, is a source of various vector-borne diseases including dengue, malaria, chikungunya, Congo fever etc. Dengue fever has recently become a rapidly emerging infection with abundant morbidity and mortality in this region. Objectives: Current study undertakes to determine the epidemiological features of dengue patients reported to a tertiary care hospital in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Patients and methods: This four-year (2014-2017) retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Data of the hospitalized dengue patients was studied for demographic details, travel history to the dengue endemic areas, diagnostic information and impact of co-morbidities on the severity of the disease. Furthermore, usefulness of Google Earth® software was explored for tracking of dengue cases. Results: A total of 155 confirmed dengue cases were reported including 27% females and 73% males with a mean age of 29.5 years. Among them, 93.5% were reported with dengue fever, while 6.5% were reported with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Three different dengue serotypes were detected in the patients including DENV-1 (7.7%), DENV-2 (17.9%) and DENV-3 (74.4%). Malarial co-infection was detected in 13% of the dengue cases among which 10.5% developed severe dengue fever. Map of the city built in Google Earth® showed that 76% patients were reported from highly populated Central region of the city. Total 28 cases reported with dengue infection having travel history to Lahore, Rawalpindi, Karachi and Islamabad. Additionally, 04 international travelers with dengue infection coming from Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and Rwanda were also reported to Faisalabad. Conclusions: Circulation of various dengue serotypes in Faisalabad population require urgent attention of the public health authorities and policy makers to deal with the escalating problem of dengue fever in Pakistan.
Splitting expands the application range of Vision Transformer -- variable Vision Transformer (vViT)

Vision Transformer (ViT) has achieved outstanding results in computer vision. Although there are many Transformer-based architectures derived from the original ViT, the dimension of patches are often the same with each other. This disadvantage leads to a limited application range in the medical field because in the medical field, datasets whose dimension is different from each other; e.g. medical image, patients' personal information, laboratory test and so on. To overcome this limitation, we develop a new derived type of ViT termed variable Vision Transformer (vViT). The aim of this study is to introduce vViT and to apply vViT to radiomics using T1 weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) of glioma. In the prediction of 365 days of survival among glioma patients using radiomics,vViT achieved 0.83, 0.82, 0.81, and 0.76 in sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC-ROC, respectively. vViT has the potential to handle different types of medical information at once.
Active Learning with Tabular Language Models

Despite recent advancements in tabular language model research, real-world applications are still challenging. In industry, there is an abundance of tables found in spreadsheets, but acquisition of substantial amounts of labels is expensive, since only experts can annotate the often highly technical and domain-specific tables. Active learning could potentially reduce labeling costs, however, so far there are no works related to active learning in conjunction with tabular language models. In this paper we investigate different acquisition functions in a real-world industrial tabular language model use case for sub-cell named entity recognition. Our results show that cell-level acquisition functions with built-in diversity can significantly reduce the labeling effort, while enforced table diversity is detrimental. We further see open fundamental questions concerning computational efficiency and the perspective of human annotators.
Quality Of Life And Depression Among Young Patients Suffering From Acne.

BACKGROUND In addition to depression, acne has considerable negative effects on the quality of life (QOL) which is estimated to be equal to that reported by patients with other chronic diseases. The immense suffering of ace patients both terms of depression and deterioration in quality of life and subsequent compromised social, vocational and academic performance makes them seek professional help more often for non-cutaneous manifestations e.g., poor body image, anxiety, depression etc. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression and status of quality of life in acne patients visiting outpatient dermatology. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the outpatient dermatology department of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad between January and August 2018. The 74 consecutive acne cases visiting the dermatology OPD during the study period between the ages of 13 and 30 years were assessed for depression and QOL. Data was collected by Dermatology life quality Index (DLQI) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9). RESULTS The ages of acne patients ranged between 14 years to 28 years with a mean age of 21.6 ±3.034 years. Majority 49 of the acne patients (66.2%) were female. Mean DLQI was 59±5.38. Of the total, 9 (12.2%) acne patients had no effect on the quality of life, 23 (31.1%) had small effect, 23 (31.1%) had moderate effect, 18 (24.3%) had large effect and 1 (1.4%) had extremely large effect on their quality of life. Mean PHQ-9 scale score was 7.72±4.93. Six (8.1%) acne patients were categorized as having no depression, 17 (23%) had minimal depression, 25 (33.8%) were having mild depression, 18 (24.3%) were moderately depressed and patients with moderately severe depression constituted only 8 (10.8%) acne patients. CONCLUSIONS Acne is associated with depression and deterioration in QOL, which are more pronounced in teens and women.
Adaptive Semantic Communications: Overfitting the Source and Channel for Profit

—Most semantic communication systems leverage deep learning models to provide end-to-end transmission performance surpassing the established source and channel coding approaches. While, so far, research has mainly focused on architecture and model improvements, but such a model trained over a full dataset and ergodic channel responses is unlikely to be optimal for every test instance. Due to limitations on the model capacity and imperfect optimization and generalization, such learned models will be suboptimal especially when the testing data distribution or channel response is different from that in the training phase, as is likely to be the case in practice. To tackle this, in this paper, we propose a novel semantic communication paradigm by leveraging the deep learning model’s overﬁtting property. Our model can for instance be updated after deployment, which can further lead to substantial gains in terms of the transmission rate-distortion (RD) performance. This new system is named adaptive semantic communication (ASC). In our ASC system, the ingredients of wireless transmitted stream include both the semantic representations of source data and the adapted decoder model parameters. Speciﬁcally, we take the overﬁtting concept to the extreme, proposing a series of ingenious methods to adapt the semantic codec or representations to an individual data or channel state instance. The whole ASC system design is formulated as an optimization problem whose goal is to minimize the loss function that is a tripartite tradeoff among the data rate, model rate, and distortion terms. The experiments (including user study) verify the effectiveness and efﬁciency of our ASC system. Notably, the substantial gain of our overﬁtted coding paradigm can catalyze semantic communication upgrading to a new era.
The relationship between body mass index, body image, and sexual function: A survey on Iranian pregnant women

Abstract Background The prevalence of sexual problems is high during pregnancy. Despite this, there are limited data about the impact of physical and psychological factors such as body weight and body image on sexual function in pregnant women. Objective To investigate the relationship between body mass index, body image, and sexual function among pregnant women. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 206 Iranian pregnant women (106 with normal weight and 100 overweight women) in their 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy were surveyed. Survey instruments included the Female Sexual Function Index and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. Results The prevalence of female sexual disorder was 72.3% in this survey. Diminished sexual desire/appetite was the most common problem reported by the participants (37.9%). The mean score of sexual problem and body image were not significantly different among overweight and normal weight women in the 2nd (p = 0.945 and p = 0.800, respectively) and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy (p = 0.310 and p = 0.507, respectively). Further, there were no relationships between the body mass index plus body image and the total female sexual function score (p = 0.44 and p = 0.837, respectively). However, the relationship between the appearance evaluation with lubrication (p = 0.043) and subjective weight with two subscales of sexual satisfaction (p = 0.005) and orgasm (p = 0.019) were significant. Conclusion The findings from this study revealed that there were no relationships between body mass index plus body image score and the sexual function in pregnancy. Therefore, a further research is recommended to study other potential factors affecting sexual function during pregnancy.
Sampling from Convex Sets with a Cold Start using Multiscale Decompositions

Running a random walk in a convex body K⊆ℝn is a standard approach to sample approximately uniformly from the body. The requirement is that from a suitable initial distribution, the distribution of the walk comes close to the uniform distribution πK on K after a number of steps polynomial in n and the aspect ratio R/r (i.e., when rB2 ⊆ K ⊆ RB2). Proofs of rapid mixing of such walks often require the probability density η0 of the initial distribution with respect to πK to be at most poly(n): this is called a “warm start”. Achieving a warm start often requires non-trivial pre-processing before starting the random walk. This motivates proving rapid mixing from a “cold start”, wherein η0 can be as high as exp(poly(n)). Unlike warm starts, a cold start is usually trivial to achieve. However, a random walk need not mix rapidly from a cold start: an example being the well-known “ball walk”. On the other hand, Lovász and Vempala proved that the “hit-and-run” random walk mixes rapidly from a cold start. For the related coordinate hit-and-run (CHR) walk, which has been found to be promising in computational experiments, rapid mixing from a warm start was proved only recently but the question of rapid mixing from a cold start remained open. We construct a family of random walks inspired by classical decompositions of subsets of ℝn into countably many axis-aligned dyadic cubes. We show that even with a cold start, the mixing times of these walks are bounded by a polynomial in n and the aspect ratio. Our main technical ingredient is an isoperimetric inequality for K for a metric that magnifies distances between points close to the boundary of K. As a corollary, we show that the CHR walk also mixes rapidly from a cold start.
Profile of Teachers' Technique in Teaching Division of Natural Number at Grade IV Deaf Students of State Elementary Special-Needs-School of Marawola

The purpose of this study is to obtain a description of techniques that teacher uses in teaching natural number division at grade IV deaf students of state elementary special-needs-school (SDLB Negeri) of Marawola. The type of this study is qualitative. The data gathering technique used in this study is such video recording, interview, and documentation. The research results show that teacher teaches natural number division by applying total communication technique, that is, the combination of signal and oral languages as well as visual aids like pens. The teacher teaches natural number division using two ways, that is, repeated subtraction and
Global Convergence of Policy Gradient Methods for Output Feedback Linear Quadratic Control

: While the optimization landscape of policy gradient methods has been recently investigated for partially observable linear systems in terms of both dynamical controllers and static output feedback, they can only provide convergence guarantees to stationary points. In this paper, we propose a new parameterization of the policy, which uses a past input-output trajectory of ﬁnite length as the feedback. We show that the solution set to the parameterized optimization problem is a matrix space, which is invariant to similarity transformation . By proving a gradient dominance property, we show the global convergence of policy gradient methods. Moreover, we observe that the gradient is orthogonal to the solution set, revealing an explicit relation between the resulting solution and the initial policy. Finally, we perform simulations to validate our theoretical results.
A universal accelerated primal-dual method for convex optimization problems

This work presents a universal accelerated first-order primal-dual method for affinely constrained convex optimization problems. It can handle both Lipschitz and H\"{o}lder gradients but does not need to know the smoothness level of the objective function. In line search part, it uses dynamically decreasing parameters and produces approximate Lipschitz constant with moderate magnitude. In addition, based on a suitable discrete Lyapunov function and tight decay estimates of some differential/difference inequalities, a universal optimal mixed-type convergence rate is established. Some numerical tests are provided to confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.
Many Destinations, Many Pathways: A Quantitative Analysis of Legitimate Peripheral Participation in Scratch

Although informal online learning communities have proliferated over the last two decades, a fundamental question remains: What are the users of these communities expected to learn? Guided by the work of Etienne Wenger on communities of practice, we identify three distinct types of learning goals common to online informal learning communities: the development of domain skills, the development of identity as a community member, and the development of community-specific values and practices. Given these goals, what is the best way to support learning? Drawing from previous research in social computing, we ask how different types of legitimate peripheral participation by newcomers-contribution to core tasks, engagement with practice proxies, social bonding, and feedback exchange-may be associated with these three learning goals. Using data from the Scratch online community, we conduct a quantitative analysis to explore these questions. Our study contributes both theoretical insights and empirical evidence on how different types of learning occur in informal online environments.
The Paradox of Female Obesity in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries

Setting: Obesity, once considered an epidemic of the developed world, is now becoming an even more prominent problem than underweight in low and lower-middle income countries (LLMICs). Ample literature has shown that as the income of a country increases, the burden of obesity shifts from the rich to the poor. Many studies have explored the effects of various social determinants of health on obesity, but few have studied the association between obesity and education. Additionally, while some data exists on the association in men, there have been limited comprehensive studies focusing on the relationship in the female population of LLMICs. Objective: Globally, adult females have a higher prevalence of obesity and the obesity shift occurs more quickly for women than for men. We aim to address this disparity and explore the association of education and obesity in women. Design: In this cross-sectional study, we used a multi-national and multi-year database from the publicly available Demographic and Health Surveys program with data from 34 LLMICs. Results: Our age-adjusted analysis shows that women in LLMICs with higher education have a significantly greater prevalence of obesity than women with no education. We analyzed this phenomenon by individual nations, continents, and income classifications. Educated women living in low income countries are 5.12 times more likely to be obese than uneducated women (APR, 95% CI=4.75, 5.32) and 3.48 times (APR, 95% CI=3.37, 3.60) more likely in lower-middle income countries. Conclusion: These findings highlight a need for more studies and policy attention focusing on female education levels to understand, predict, and prevent obesity in LLMICs.
Investigation and Clinical Importance of Obsessive and Compulsive Signs Among Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome

Restless Legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological syndrome which is sometimes diagnosed incorrectly or with delay and sometimes can not be diagnosed. It is classified in sleeprelated movement disorders. The main symptoms are unpleasant sensations such as tingling and rubbing in the legs. It also presents with insomnia, fatigue, pain and depressive symptoms (1,2). Although the pathophysiology of RLS is not fully understood, it has been reported that it may be associated with disorders in dopamine metabolism (3,4). The criteria for diagnosis of RLS were determined by the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) (1). By the same group, a scale was developed to determine the severity of the disease for use in clinical trials (IRLSSG RLS severity scale) (2). RLS may be idiopathic (primary) or may develop secondary to situations such as iron deficiency anemia, renal failure and pregnancy (5-7).