Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Symmetry of Case in Conjunction

In this paper, I argue that all of the conjuncts in nominal conjunction always bear the same case. Apparent counterexamples, where conjuncts seem to differ with respect to morphological case marking are claimed to be either due to a misanalysis of the underlying syntactic structure or due to superficial morphological processes that create the impression of a difference in case marking. Once we control for phenomena of this sort (namely &P-clitics, Suspended Affixation and Allomorphy), we find that case marking is always symmetric in nominal conjunction. This finding is in stark contrast to the phenomenon of φ -agreement which is known to exhibit asymmetry effects. Based on this observation, I show that the Chomskyan account to case assignment according to which case arises only as a reflex of φ -agreement cannot account for this mismatch without stipulative assumptions. The pattern however follows straightforwardly if we assume that case assignment proceeds on the basis of syntactic structure whereas φ -agreement can either be syntactic or postsyntactic. Finally, I show that the generalization established in this paper can be used as a simple diagnostic to distinguish syntactic from morphological case marking alternations.
Comparing Some Anatomical Features of Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill . cv . Kurucaova ) Cultivated under Perlit and Hydroponic Culture

Anahtar Kelimeler Bitki anatomisi, Işık mikroskobu, Sulama, Parafin, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye Özet: Çalışmada; perlit ve su kültürü ortamında yetiştirilen domates (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Kurucaova) bitkisinin anatomik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. 2016 yılında, Harran Üniversitesi’ndeki polikarbonat örtülü serada, Malatya Kurucaova yerli domates çeşidi yetiştirilmiştir. Anatomik analizler için; parafin içerisindeki kök, gövde ve yaprak örnekleri Safranin, Fast Green ile boyanmış, ışık mikroskobunda incelenmiş ve bulguların fotoğrafları çekilmiştir. Kök, gövde ve yaprağın bazı dokularında biyometrik ölçümler yapılmıştır. Ölçümlere göre, iki ortamda yetiştirilen bitkiler arasında bazı farklılıklara rastlanmıştır. İncelenen tüm bitkilerde anatomik olarak benzer özellikler saptanmıştır. Kökler; 5-6 sıralı, dalgalı çeperli parankima hücrelerinden oluşan kortekse sahiptir. Tek sıra endodermis ve perisikl gözlenmiştir. Gövdeler; tek sıralı epidermis, 1-2 sıralı klorenkima, 4-5 sıralı kollenkima ve 4-5 sıralı parankimatik dokudan oluşmaktadır. İletim demetleri bir kuşak gibi gövdeyi çevrelemiştir ve bikollateraldir. İletim demetlerinin epidermise bakan yönünde floemin üzerinde 1-2 sıralı sklerankima, öze bakan yönünde floemin altında 1-2 hücreli sklerankima gözlenmiştir. Öz parankimatiktir. Stoma, örtü ve salgı tüyleri gözlenmiştir. Yapraklar; bifasiyal ve amfistomatiktir. Mezofil, tek sıralı palizat parankiması ve 2-3 sıralı sünger parankimasından oluşmaktadır. Büyük iletim demeti, bikollateraldir. Küçük iletim demetleri, mezofilin içine gömülüdür ve kollateral tiptedir. Örtü ve salgı tüylerine sahiptirler. Her iki bitkide kök, gövde ve yaprakta kum ve prizmatik kristallere rastlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak çalışmada; topraksız tarım teknikleri kullanılarak farklı ortamlarda yetiştirilen ekonomik bir bitkinin bazı anatomik özellikleri ortaya konmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, bölgede topraksız tarım teknikleri kullanılarak yapılacak yetiştiriciliğe katkı sağlayacak ve benzer bilimsel çalışmalara ışık tutacaktır.
Ultra-Reliable Wireless Communications via Incremental Redundancy and Space-Time Coding

Multi-hop relaying has emerged as a key technique for ultra-reliable communications due to its ability to harness spatial location diversity while avoiding interference. In this framework, the user messages are aggregated into a single packet and broadcast to all the receivers in multiple phases, thus allowing the stronger receivers to relay the packet to the weaker receivers. Prior implementations of the above framework, however, typically do not leverage the past received signals to improve message decoding. This paper proposes using incremental redundancy coding with coordinated decoding across the multiple phases, in conjunction with transmission using space-time coding, to enable higher achievable rate overall. The resulting scheme provides significant improvement over the existing methods. Moreover, we propose an extension that incorporates multi-cell interference management.
Influence of Silicon on Tuberose Plants under Drought Conditions

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of using Diatomite (DDM contain 89% of SiO2) on the morphological, floral and chemical characteristics, in addition to the anatomical studies on leaves of tuberose plants (Polianthes tuberosa L.) grown under different water stress levels (100, 80, 60 and 40% FC). The results revealed that, a gradual increasing in days to sprouting was found with increasing the drought stress. The maximum increment was at 40% FC. The treated bulbs with DDM at 80 % FC reached the sprouting time in a shorter period than those at the other FC levels. The values of stem characters; length, diameter, fresh and dry weights were decreased from level 80% drought stress. The bulbs treated with DDM at 60 and 40% FC, the values of stem length and diameter were insignificantly increased than their controls. Highly significant increment in the stem fresh and dry weights was also occurred. The values of number of days to flowering and to cut the spike were increased by increasing the drought stress. Meanwhile, the opposite trend was occurred with the other floral characters; spike length, number of florets/spike, floret fresh and floret dry weights. The tuberose plants treated with DDM at 80 % FC reached the blooming stage significantly earlier than any other treatments, consequently the number of days to cut the spike was the shorter. Total chlorophylls and protein contents decreased gradually with increasing the stress condition. The maximum reduction was with40% FC. The bulbs treated with DDMat80% FC, led to slightly increment in the previous two characters. Also treated the tuberose plants with DDM slightly increased the carbohydrates content. Proline content increased as the drought stress increased either in the treated or untreated plants with DDM. The treated plants with DDM decreased the proline content, in contrary the Ca% in leaves was increased. All leaf tissue measurements showed a remarkable reduction as the drought stress levels increased. DDM application had slightly increased in the leaf measurements. Moreover, treated the plant by DDM at 60% FC increased the mean number of stomata. All stomata patterns on both leaf surfaces were anomocytic. It can be recommended to use Diatomite with 80% FC to produce high-quality flowers. To delay flowering, Diatomite can be used with irrigation field capacity 60%.
Au th or ' s pe rs on al co py Fragile X Syndrome : Assessment and Treatment Implications

Fragile X syndrome (FraX) is the most common known cause of inherited mental impairment. FMR1 gene mutations, the cause of FraX, lead to reduced expression of FMR1 protein (FMRP) and an increased risk for a particular profile of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dysfunction. Because of the similarity of these features to important (idiopathic) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition diagnoses, the study of individuals with FraX provides a unique window of understanding into important disorders such as autism, social phobia, cognitive disability, and depression. The study of FraX also is a portal to the realization of innovative interdisciplinary research that spans multiple clinical and basic scientific domains [1]. Such research provides new insights into understanding how genetic and environmental factors contribute to complex variations in typical and atypical human behavior [1,2].
Fully-Convolutional Network for Pitch Estimation of Speech Signals

The estimation of fundamental frequency ( F 0 ) from audio is a necessary step in many speech processing tasks such as speech synthesis, that require to accurately analyze big datasets, or real-time voice transformations, that require low computation times. New approaches using neural networks have been recently proposed for F 0 estimation, outperforming previous approaches in terms of accuracy. The work presented here aims at bringing some more improvements over such CNN-based state-of-the-art approaches, especially when targeting speech data. More speciﬁcally, we ﬁrst propose to use the recent PaN speech synthesis engine in order to generate a high-quality speech database with a reliable ground truth F 0 annotation. Then, we propose 3 variants of a new fully-convolutional network (FCN) architecture that are shown to perform better than other similar data-driven methods, with a signiﬁcantly reduced computational load making them more suitable for real-time purposes.
Does Priming with a Personality Trait or a Stereotype Influence General Knowledge Test Scores ? An Attempt to Replicate the Results of Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg ( 1998 )

This study attempted to replicate the study of Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998, Experiment 4), who found that priming individuals with intelligence or stupidity, either through traits or stereotypes, influenced their general knowledge performance. It is argued there that priming provokes behavior that is parallel to the perceived concept within the prime itself. Therefore being primed with intelligence will increase test scores on a general knowledge questionnaire, while being primed with stupidity will decrease test scores. The current study found no support for such claims. Being primed with intelligence or stupidity (as either a trait or a stereotype) did not influence students’ (N = 48) test scores on a general knowledge test. Results are discussed in terms of increasing the prevalence of replication studies as to avoid the acceptance of false information.
Trends and Predictors of Alternative Medicine Use Among University Students : A 10 Year Comparison Study Corresponding

Objective: This study documented the prevalence and antecedents of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in a university student sample. We extend previous research by documenting changes in CAM use in the past decade. Participants: Participants were 519 college students at a large public university. Methods: Participants were administered questionnaires: CAM and Herbal use surveys, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Modern Health Worries (MHW) and the Subjective Health Complaints. Results: Overall, 60% of the participants had used at least one type of CAM and 70% had used at least one herbal substance in the past 12 months. Hierarchical regression determined that increased age and MHWs were significant predictors of overall CAM use. Increased age and pseudoneurological symptoms predicted herbal use. Exploratory factor analysis and additional regressions revealed additional information about predictors of specific types of CAM and herb use. Conclusion: CAM use has remained at a consistently high level in undergraduates.
Evolution of acid nociception: ion channels and receptors for detecting acid

Nociceptors, i.e. sensory neurons tuned to detect noxious stimuli, are found in numerous phyla of the Animalia kingdom and are often polymodal, responding to a variety of stimuli, e.g. heat, cold, pressure and chemicals, such as acid. Owing to the ability of protons to have a profound effect on ionic homeostasis and damage macromolecular structures, it is no wonder that the ability to detect acid is conserved across many species. To detect changes in pH, nociceptors are equipped with an assortment of different acid sensors, some of which can detect mild changes in pH, such as the acid-sensing ion channels, proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors and several two-pore potassium channels, whereas others, such as the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ion channel, require larger shifts in pH. This review will discuss the evolution of acid sensation and the different mechanisms by which nociceptors can detect acid. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Evolution of mechanisms and behaviour important for pain’.
Evolution of nociception and pain: evidence from fish models

In order to survive, animals must avoid injury and be able to detect potentially damaging stimuli via nociceptive mechanisms. If the injury is accompanied by a negative affective component, future behaviour should be altered and one can conclude the animal experienced the discomfort associated with pain. Fishes are the most successful vertebrate group when considering the number of species that have filled a variety of aquatic niches. The empirical evidence for nociception in fishes from the underlying molecular biology, neurobiology and anatomy of nociceptors through to whole animal behavioural responses is reviewed to demonstrate the evolutionary conservation of nociception and pain from invertebrates to vertebrates. Studies in fish have shown that the biology of the nociceptive system is strikingly similar to that found in mammals. Further, potentially painful events result in behavioural and physiological changes such as reduced activity, guarding behaviour, suspension of normal behaviour, increased ventilation rate and abnormal behaviours which are all prevented by the use of pain-relieving drugs. Fish also perform competing tasks less well when treated with a putative painful stimulus. Therefore, there is ample evidence to demonstrate that it is highly likely that fish experience pain and that pain-related behavioural changes are conserved across vertebrates. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Evolution of mechanisms and behaviour important for pain’.
Research Statement

The last decade has seen a surprisingly rich interplay between economics, computer science, and game theory. From the economics side, the emergence of the Internet as a central platform to conduct trade has created new types of markets, mainly one-sided auction markets. These electronic markets share many properties with the more classical auction types, on the one hand, but also exhibit several important structural differences. These differences have motivated many studies, aiming to align classic economic theory with the new electronic environment. From the algorithmic side of computer science, the growth of the Internet has lead to new types of distributed agent systems that are characterized by interactions among computers with different ownership and incentives. Many new algorithmic questions are being asked as a result of this development. In contrast to the traditional assumption in computer science, that computers follow protocols and algorithm specifications, we now ask what happens when the input of the algorithm is kept by independent agents, acting selfishly to maximize their own utility. Game theory offers an elegant connection between these two different views, of classical economy vs. classical algorithmic theory. Using game-theoretic tools, a growing community has begun to study models that integrate these two view-points to enable a better understanding of the economic aspects of the Internet era. This community consists of researchers from both economics and computer science, demonstrating a fruitful cooperation between the two disciplines. As a researcher, I belong to this community of algorithmic game theorists. In recent years I have been interested in the following four main research directions, with new results as well as ongoing research and intriguing unsolved questions: Dynamic Mechanism Design, Auctions with Budget Limits, Ascending Auctions for Bidders with Complex Valuations, and Game Theoretic Aspects of Social Networks.
Upregulation of miR-93 and inhibition of LIMK1 improve ventricular remodeling and alleviate cardiac dysfunction in rats with chronic heart failure by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway activation

Objective: There are some researches about the role of microRNA (miRNA) in chronic heart failure (CHF) were performed, but the study about miR-93’s function in CHF is scarcely investigated. Thus, we determined to probe into the effects of miR-93 in rats with CHF by targeting LIMK1 through regulating RhoA/ROCK pathway. Results: We found increased LIMK1 and decreased miR-93 in CHF rats, and up-regulation of miR-93 inhibited LIMK1, RhoA and ROCK1 expression in CHF rats. Up-regulation of miR-93 or inhibition of LIMK1 decreased oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, as well as apoptosis-related indicators in CHF rats. LIMK1 was confirmed as a direct target gene of miR-93. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that upregulated miR-93 and downregulated LIMK1 improve ventricular remodeling and reduce cardiac dysfunction in CHF rats by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway activation. Methods: First, rat models of CHF were established by aortic coarctation, and the rats were injected with miR-93 mimics, LIMK1-siRNA or overexpressed-LIMK1. Then expression of miR-93, LIMK1, RhoA, and ROCK1 expression in myocardial tissues were detected, after which indices of cardiac ultrasound, hemodynamics, and oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, apoptosis-related indicators were detected via a series of assays. Finally, the targeting relationship of miR-93 and LIMK1 was verified.
Local hyperalgesia, normal endogenous modulation with pain report beyond its origin: a pilot study prompting further exploration into plantar fasciopathy

Abstract Background and aims Persistent tendinopathies were previously considered solely as peripheral conditions affecting the local tendinous tissue until quantitative sensory testing identified involvement of altered pain processing. In similar fashion, pain in patients with persistent plantar fasciopathy may also involve more than local tissue. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate potential differences in conditioned pain modulation and pressure and thermal pain thresholds, between individuals with PF and healthy pain-free controls, as a precursor to a larger-scale study. Methods We assessed 16 individuals with plantar fasciopathy and 11 pain-free controls. Plantar fasciopathy diagnosis was: palpation pain of the medial calcaneal tubercle or the proximal plantar fascia, duration ≥3 months, pain intensity ≥2/10, and ultrasound-measured plantar fascia thickness ≥4 mm. Quantitative sensory tests were performed locally at the plantar heel and remotely on the ipsilateral elbow. Assessments included pain thresholds for pressure, heat and cold, and conditioned pain modulation measured as change in local resting pressure pain threshold with cold water hand immersion. Participants rated pain intensity at pain threshold. Additionally, the area and distribution of plantar fasciopathy pain was drawn on a digital body chart of the lower limbs. Descriptive analyses were performed and between-group differences/effects expressed as standardised mean differences (d). Results There was no conditioned pain modulation difference between participants with plantar fasciopathy and controls (d = 0.1). Largest effects were on local pressure pain threshold and reported pain intensity on pressure pain threshold (d > 1.8) followed by pain intensity for heat and cold pain thresholds (d = 0.3–1.5). According to the digital body chart, pain area extended beyond the plantar heel. Conclusions The unlikelihood of a difference in conditioned pain modulation yet a pain area extending beyond the plantar heel provide a basis for exploring altered pain processing in a larger-scale study. Implications This was the first study to investigate the presence of altered pain processing in individuals with plantar fasciopathy using a conditioned pain modulation paradigm and thermal pain thresholds. We found no indication of an altered pain processing based on these measures, however, patients rated pain higher on thresholds compared to controls which may be important to clinical practice and warrants further exploration in the future.
Commercial microwave links for urban drainage modelling: The effect of link characteristics and their position on runoff simulations.

Commercial microwave links (CMLs), radio connections widely used in telecommunication networks, can provide path-integrated quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) which could complement traditional precipitation observations. This paper assesses the ability of individual CMLs to provide relevant QPEs for urban rainfall-runoff simulations and specifically investigates the influence of CML characteristics and position on the predicted runoff. The analysis is based on a 3-year-long experimental data set from a small (1.3 km2) urban catchment located in Prague, Czech Republic. QPEs from real world CMLs are used as inputs for urban rainfall-runoff predictions and subsequent modelling performance is assessed by comparing simulated runoffs with measured stormwater discharges. The results show that model performance is related to both the sensitivity of CML to rainfall and CML position. The bias propagated into the runoff predictions is inversely proportional to CML path length. The effect of CML position is especially pronounced during heavy rainfalls, when QPEs from shorter CMLs, located within or close to catchment boundaries, better reproduce runoff dynamics than QPEs from longer CMLs extending far beyond the catchment boundaries. Interestingly, QPEs averaged from all available CMLs best reproduce the runoff temporal dynamics. Adjusting CML QPEs to three rain gauges located 2-3 km outside of the catchment substantially reduces the bias in CML QPEs. Unfortunately, this compromises the ability of the CML QPEs to reproduce runoff dynamics during heavy rainfalls. More experimental case studies are necessary to provide specific recommendations on CML preprocessing methods tailored to different water management tasks, catchments and CML networks.
Knowledge on the stroke and behaviors to reduce the risk of stroke among risk persons in Samliam Community, Muang District, Khon Kaen Province

Stroke is one of the important causes of disability and death of Thai people. The best management method for stroke is prevention by providing health education, especially to persons with risk of stroke. This study aimed to explore the knowledge on the stroke and behaviors to reduce the risk of stroke among risk persons in Samliam community, Nai Mueang Sub-district, Mueang District, Khon Kaen Province. One hundred and forty-four chronic disease patients with risk of stroke identified by the criteria of the Ministry of Public Health (99 women and 45 men, mean age 64.3 ± 9.5 years) were interviewed about their knowledge and behaviors about stroke. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics. The study was conducted from January until June 2011. The results revealed that 52.8% and 76.4% of the participants had high levels of knowledge on the stroke and behaviors to reduce the risk of stroke, respectively. However, some participants had inappropriate knowledge on warning signs of stroke and nutritional behaviors. These findings could be useful for the primary care unit to specify a strategy of health education and behavioral change activities to persons with risk of stroke for developing Samliam community towards a stroke-free community. In addition, the may be useful for other communities which have a similar context.
PAC Reinforcement Learning without Real-World Feedback

This work studies reinforcement learning in the Sim-to-Real setting, in which an agent is first trained on a number of simulators before being deployed in the real world, with the aim of decreasing the real-world sample complexity requirement. Using a dynamic model known as a rich observation Markov decision process (ROMDP), we formulate a theoretical framework for Sim-to-Real in the situation where feedback in the real world is not available. We establish real-world sample complexity guarantees that are smaller than what is currently known for directly (i.e., without access to simulators) learning a ROMDP with feedback.