Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autophagy inhibition in cancer therapy: metabolic considerations for antitumor immunity

Summary: Tumors and the immune system are intertwined in a competition where tilting the fine balance between tumor‐specific immunity and tolerance can ultimately decide the fate of the host. Defensive and suppressive immunological responses to cancer are exquisitely sensitive to metabolic features of rapidly growing tumors, such as hypoxia, low nutrient availability, and aberrant growth factor signaling. As a result, clinical therapies impacting these properties change the in situ antitumor immune response by virtue of disrupting the tumor environment. To compensate for disruptions in cellular metabolism, cells activate autophagy to promote survival. On the basis of this notion, strategies designed to block autophagy in tumor cells are currently being tested in several human clinical trials. However, therapies that impair tumor metabolism must also take into account their effect on lymphocytes activated in the immune response to cancer. Given that a strong antitumor immune response is a positive prognostic factor in overall patient survival, identifying ways to block essential processes in tumor cells and suppressive immune cells while promoting those that are important for a robust immune response are of critical importance. Herein, we review the effects of anti‐cancer agents that impact metabolism administered concurrently with autophagy inhibitors on immune cells and consider the implications for patient response to therapy.
Low Calorie Beverage Consumption Is Associated with Energy and Nutrient Intakes and Diet Quality in British Adults

It is unclear whether consumption of low-calorie beverages (LCB) leads to compensatory consumption of sweet foods, thus reducing benefits for weight control or diet quality. This analysis investigated associations between beverage consumption and energy intake and diet quality of adults in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) (2008–2011; n = 1590), classified into: (a) non-consumers of soft drinks (NC); (b) LCB consumers; (c) sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumers; or (d) consumers of both beverages (BB), based on 4-day dietary records. Within-person data on beverage consumption on different days assessed the impact on energy intake. LCB consumers and NC consumed less energy and non-milk extrinsic sugars than other groups. Micronutrient intakes and food choices suggested higher dietary quality in NC/LCB consumers compared with SSB/BB consumers. Within individuals on different days, consumption of SSB, milk, juice, and alcohol were all associated with increased energy intake, while LCB and tea, coffee or water were associated with no change; or reduced energy intake when substituted for caloric beverages. Results indicate that NC and LCB consumers tend to have higher quality diets compared with SSB or BB consumers and do not compensate for sugar or energy deficits by consuming more sugary foods.
Interaction of pyridine derivatives with sepiolite.

In this study, the adsorption behavior of pyridine derivatives, i.e., 2-aminopyridine and 2,2'-bipyridyl, onto sepiolite, a natural clay mineral, has been investigated by bottle adsorption and IR spectroscopic techniques. The results indicate that 2-aminopyridine and 2,2'-bipyridyl molecules adsorb onto sepiolite through hydrogen bonding of the amino groups to the water molecules in the octahedral sheet and to the surface hydroxyls (Si-OH) in the tetrahedral sheet. These findings reveal that pyridine molecules not only adsorb onto the external surface of sepiolite but are also incorporated in its channels and tunnels with adsorption taking place at corners and/or edges, depending on the position of water molecules. A structural model is proposed to account for the orientation of pyridine derivatives in the sepiolite matrix.
Revision Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Glenoid Arthrosis*

The development of painful glenoid arthrosis is the most common reason for reoperation after replacement of the humeral head. We performed twenty-two revision total shoulder arthroplasties, between 1983 and 1992, for the treatment of painful glenoid arthrosis in shoulders that had a prosthetic replacement of the humeral head. Eighteen shoulders (seventeen patients) were included in the study as their preoperative and operative records were complete and they had been followed for at least two years (mean, 5.5 years; range, 2.3 to 10.0 years). The indications for the hemiarthroplasty were trauma (ten shoulders), osteoarthrosis (four), rheumatoid arthritis (two), and osteonecrosis secondary to the use of steroids (two). The mean interval between the hemiarthroplasty and the total shoulder replacement was 4.4 years (range, 0.8 to 12.7 years). The mean score for pain in the shoulder decreased from 4.3 points before the revision to 2.2 points after it (p = 0.0001). The mean active abduction increased from 94 degrees before the revision to 124 degrees after it (p = 0.01), and the mean external rotation increased from 32 to 58 degrees (p = 0.007). Two shoulders needed another operation after the revision because of a late infection in one and particulate synovitis associated with instability in the other. With the numbers available for study, we did not detect a significant difference in pain relief and range of motion with respect to gender, diagnosis, subluxation, or the presence of periprosthetic radiolucency. Our findings indicate that most patients with painful glenoid arthrosis after a hemiarthroplasty have marked pain relief and improvement in motion after revision to a total shoulder replacement. However, seven of the eighteen shoulders that had this procedure had an unsatisfactory result due to a limited range of motion or the need for a subsequent operation. Therefore, long-term studies are necessary to evaluate the durability of total shoulder replacement in this group of patients.
Shopping Analysis in on Line Shop with Young People

On Line Shop Research with variable ease of shopping, product quality shopping. This study among young people aged18-28 years, residing in Jakarta, Tangerang and Tangerang Selatan, Bogor, Bekasi, Indonesia. A multivariate questionnaire withclosed questions. Likert Scale 1 - 5. Number of questionnaires 128 respondents with 69 male respondents and 59 femalerespondents. The quantitative analysis method uses a multiple linear regression analyz of IBM SPSS version 23 for analysis ofdetermination (R Square), tested partially (t test) and simultaneous (test F) hypotheses with alpha 5 percent (0.05). Results ofdetermination analysis (R Square) 0.172 for variable ease of shopping, product quality and shopping on the store on line. Resultsof hypothesis partially test (t test) 2,915 for ease of shopping and 3,672 for product quality. Simultaneous test results (test F)obtained 0.000 results below the maximum value of alpha 5 percent (0.05).
cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors High and low contact frequency cardiac rehabilitation programmes elicit similar improvements in

Aim: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a proven intervention that substantially improves physical health and decreases death and disability following a cardiovascular event. Traditional CR typically involves 36 on-site exercise sessions spanning a 12-week period. To date, the optimal dose of CR has yet to be determined. This study compared a high contact frequency CR programme (HCF, 34 on-site sessions) with a low contact frequency CR programme (LCF, eight on-site sessions) of equal duration (4 months). Methods: A total of 961 low-risk cardiac patients (RARE score <4) self-selected either a HCF (n1⁄4 469) or LCF (n1⁄4 492) CR programme. Cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors were measured on admission and discharge. Results: Similar proportions of patients completed HCF (n1⁄4 346) and LCF (n1⁄4 351) (p1⁄4 0.398). Patients who were less fit (<8 METs) were more likely to drop out of the LCF group, while younger patients (<60 years) were more likely to drop out of the HCF group. Both groups experienced similar reductions in weight (–2.3 vs. –2.4 kg; p1⁄4 0.779) and improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (þ1.5 vs. þ1.4 METs; p1⁄4 0.418). Conclusions: Patients in the LCF programme achieved equivalent results to those in the HCF programme. Certain subgroups of patients, however, may benefit from participation in a HCF programme, including those patients who are predisposed to prematurely discontinuing the programme and those patients who would benefit from increased monitoring. The LCF model can be employed as an alternative option to widen access and participation for patients who are unable to attend HCF programmes due to distance or time limitations.
Studi Kasus Desain dan Metode

Studi kasus digunakan dan menjadi strategi penelitian dalam bidang ilmu psikologi, sosiologi, ilmu politik, perencanaan dan juga di bidang ekonomi. Singkatnya studi kasus memungkinkan peneliti untuk mempertahankan karakteristik holistik dan bermakna dari peristiwa-peristiwa kehidupan nyata, seperti siklus kehidupan seseorang, proses-proses organisasional dan manajerial, perubahan lingkungan sosial, hubungan-hubungan internasional dan kematangan industri-industri. Maksud utama penulisan buku ini adalah menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan bagaimana mendefinisikan kasus yang akan diselidiki, bagaimana menentukan data yang relevan dan apa yang harus dikerjakan dengan data yang telah terkumpul.
A double-blind study of symptom provocation to determine food sensitivity.

BACKGROUND Some claim that food sensitivities can best be identified by intradermal injection of extracts of the suspected allergens to reproduce the associated symptoms. A different dose of an offending allergen is thought to "neutralize" the reaction. METHODS To assess the validity of symptom provocation, we performed a double-blind study that was carried out in the offices of seven physicians who were proponents of this technique and experienced in its use. Eighteen patients were tested in 20 sessions (two patients were tested twice) by the same technician, using the same extracts (at the same dilutions with the same saline diluent) as those previously thought to provoke symptoms during unblinded testing. At each session three injections of extract and nine of diluent were given in random sequence. The symptoms evaluated included nasal stuffiness, dry mouth, nausea, fatigue, headache, and feelings of disorientation or depression. No patient had a history of asthma or anaphylaxis. RESULTS The responses of the patients to the active and control injections were indistinguishable, as was the incidence of positive responses: 27 percent of the active injections (16 of 60) were judged by the patients to be the active substance, as were 24 percent of the control injections (44 of 180). Neutralizing doses given by some of the physicians to treat the symptoms after a response were equally efficacious whether the injection was of the suspected allergen or saline. The rate of judging injections as active remained relatively constant within the experimental sessions, with no major change in the response rate due to neutralization or habituation. CONCLUSIONS When the provocation of symptoms to identify food sensitivities is evaluated under double-blind conditions, this type of testing, as well as the treatments based on "neutralizing" such reactions, appears to lack scientific validity. The frequency of positive responses to the injected extracts appears to be the result of suggestion and chance.
Recovery of corticospinal tract with diffuse axonal injury: a diffusion tensor image study.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to identity the recovery process of the corticospinal tract with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). DESIGN A 47-year-old female patient and six age-matched control subjects were evaluated. The patient presented with quadriparesis (more severe in the right extremities than the left ones) due to DAI at the onset of traumatic brain injury. Over the 24-month period following the onset of the injury, motor function of the four extremities slowly recovered to range which was close to normal. Two longitudinal DTIs were acquired from the patient (at 10 weeks and 24 months from onset) and from the control subjects. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and an apparent diffusion coefficient were measured using the region of interest (ROI) method. RESULTS On the 10-week DTI, FAs of ROIs of the brainstem in both hemispheres of the patient were significantly lower than those of the control subjects. Compared to normal controls, the patient showed significantly increased FA in both sides of the brainstem at 24 months after the onset, which occurred in parallel with the improvement in motor function. CONCLUSIONS Recovery in this patient could be attributed to the recovery of the corticospinal tract with diffuse axonal injury.
Blind Mobile Positioning in Urban Environment Based on Ray-Tracing Analysis

A novel scheme is described for determining the position of an unknown mobile terminal without any prior information of transmitted signals, keeping in mind, for example, radiowave surveillance. The proposed positioning algorithm is performed by using a single base station with an array of sensors in multipath environments. It works by combining the spatial characteristics estimated from data measurement and ray-tracing (RT) analysis with highly accurate, three-dimensional terrain data. It uses two spatial parameters in particular that characterize propagation environments in which there are spatially spreading signals due to local scattering: the angle of arrival and the degree of scattering related to the angular spread of the received signals. The use of RT analysis enables site-specific positioning using only a single base station. Furthermore, our approach is a so-called blind estimator, that is, it requires no prior information about the mobile terminal such as the signal waveform. Testing of the scheme in a city of high density showed that it could achieve m position-determination accuracy more than of the time even under non-line-of-sight conditions.
Delta‐9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol, the Major Psychoactive Component in Marijuana, Inhibits Macrophage Chemotaxis to Acanthamoeba

OPPORTUNISTIC pathogens of the genus Acanthamoeba are causative agents of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and cutaneous lesions (Martinez and Visvesvara 1997). There is accumulating evidence of increased incidence of these infections in immune suppressed individuals including those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or with AIDS (MarcianoCabral and Cabral 2003; Paltiel et al. 2004). Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States and it is reasonable to anticipate that many of these individuals use it recreationally or therapeutically for treatment of nausea, loss of appetite, or chronic pain (Robson 2005; Felder, Dickason-Chesterfield, and Moore 2006). Marijuana and its principle psychoactive component delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) also are immune suppressive and modulate inflammatory responses (Cabral and Staab 2005). Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol has been reported to inhibit macrophage functions including migration, nitric oxide production, lysis of bacteria and tumor cells, and inducible expression of cytokines (Cabral and Staab 2005; Klein, Friedman, and Specter 1998). It is not surprising, therefore, that THC alters host resistance to infection and has been shown to exacerbate infections due to bacteria and viruses (Cabral and Dove-Pettit 1998; Cabral and Staab 2005). Recently, we have demonstrated that (B6C3)F1 mice treated intraperitoneally with THC and subjected to instillation of A. culbertsoni intranasally experienced a higher incidence of mortalities as compared with similarly infected vehicle control animals (Marciano-Cabral et al. 2001). The mode through which THC alters the host response to Acanthamoeba has not been fully elucidated, but various studies indicate that macrophages play a major effector role against amebae (Marciano-Cabral and Toney 1998; Marciano-Cabral and Cabral 2003; Van Klink et al. 1996). These cells, along with other immunocytes are present in granulomas that surround amebae in tissues of immune competent patients and experimental animals and, in that capacity, may prevent dissemination of amebae (Marciano-Cabral and Cabral 2003). Thus, in order to obtain insight into processes that are operative within the host that are affected by THC and that account for increased mortality, we examined migratory responsiveness of macrophages to Acanthamoeba. Treatment of macrophages with THC in vitro or in vivo resulted in inhibition of chemotaxis to whole cell lysates of Acanthamoeba as well as to cell-free medium in which Acanthamoeba were maintained.
The influence of social presence on acceptance of a companion robot by older people

If robotic companions are to be used in the near future by aging adults, they have to be accepted by them. In the process of developing a methodology to measure, predict and explain acceptance of robotic companions, we researched the influence of social abilities, social presence and perceived enjoyment. After an experiment (n=30) that included collecting usage data and a second experiment (n=40) with a robot in a more and less sociable condition we were able to confirm the relevance of these concepts. Results suggest that social abilities contribute to the sense of social presence when interacting with a robotic companion and this leads, through higher enjoyment to a higher acceptance score.
Orofacial manifestations and seroprevalence of HIV infection in Namibian dental patients.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS In an anonymous study of HIV-I sero-reactivity in dental patients in a Government clinic in Namibia, 29 (7%) out of 405 patients (10 female and 19 male) were confirmed as HIV-infected. HIV-antibody testing was done cheaply and conveniently by collecting and storing finger-prick blood on absorbent paper, and eluting the samples 7 weeks later. Testing was done by GACPAT, a simple, inexpensive temperature independent assay which requires no specialised equipment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Six patients had orofacial lesions, including Kaposi's sarcoma, leukoplakia (bilateral on buccal mucosa), cervical lymphadenopathy, hairy leukoplakia, circum-oral herpes simplex, HIV-gingivitis and necrotising ulcerative gingivitis. This sampling and testing system is well suited for use in epidemiological surveys in developing countries.
PENGARUH FAKTOR SOSIAL, CITRA MEREK DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPERCAYAAN MEREK SERTA DAMPAKNYA PADA LOYALITAS PELANGGAN TELEPON SELULAR (STUDI KASUS PADA PENGGUNA SAMSUNG DI KOTA BANDA ACEH)

Abstract: This study aims to determine how much influence social factors, brand image, and product quality to brand trust and its impact on customer loyalty of mobile phone users Samsung in the city of Banda Aceh. The population of this study is Samsung users located in Banda Aceh city, where the sample is 150 linear regression to analyze direct effect and hierarchical regression method to analyze the influence /indirect effect. The results showed that social factors, brand image and product quality had a significant direct influence both simultaneously and partially on brand trust and customer loyalty of Samsung mobile phone in Banda Aceh city. The results also show that social factors, brand image and product quality through brand trust have a significant effect on customer loyalty, where the brand's trust (mediating variable) acts as partialymediated. Samsung companies need to pay attention to social factors, brand image and product quality so that will form a brand trust that will impact on increasing customer loyalty Samsung. The implications of this research as a reference in making decisions in determining the right marketing strategy in order to maintain customer loyalty so as not to move to another brand. Keywords : Social factors, Brand, Product Quality, Brand Trust and Customer Loyalty Abstra k : Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh faktor sosial, citra merek, dan kualitas produk terhadap kepercayaan merek serta dampaknya pada loyalitas pelanggan telepon selular pengguna Samsung dikota Banda Aceh. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pengguna telepon selular samsung yang berada di kota Banda Aceh, dimana sampel berjumlah 150 responden, metode yang digunakan regresi linear berganda untuk menganalisis pengaruh langsung (direct effect) dan metode regresi hirarkis untuk menganalisis pengaruh tidak langsung (indirect effect). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor sosial,citra merek dan kualitas produk memiliki pengaruh langsung yang signifikan baik secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap kepercayaan merek dan loyalitas pelanggan telepon selular Samsung dikota Banda Aceh. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial,citra merek dan kualitas produk melalui kepercayaan merek berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, dimana kepercayaan merek (mediating variable) berperan sebagai partialy mediated. Perusahaan Samsung perlu memperhatikan faktor sosial, citra merek dan kualitas produk sehingga membentuk kepercayaan merek yang berdampak pada meningkatnya loyalitas pelanggan Samsung. Implikasi dari penelitian ini sebagai acuan dalam pengambilan keputusan dalam menentukan strategi marketing yang tepat agar dapat menjaga loyalitas pelanggannya sehingga tidak berpindah ke merek lain. Kata Kunci: Faktor Sosial, Citra Merek, Kualitas Produk, Kepercayaan Merek dan Loyalitas Pelanggan
Growth in containership sizes to be stopped

Purpose The increase of containership sizes driven by the need to create greater economies of scale seems to be an endless process. Vessels of more than 21,000 TEU are presently on order. The purpose of this paper is to question whether a positive effect still remains at present mega ship sizes and, even if this was the case, whether such presumably small effect would be outweighed by costly operational impacts for the lines and the ports out of the huge ship sizes. Design/methodology/approach The effect of increasing ship sizes on the three major cost items in container shipping have been investigated by extrapolating founded regression curves, applying respective physical laws and referring lumpsum crewing cost (as the major part of the vessel’s running costs) to various ship sizes. Findings In this paper, it is shown that further effects of lower slot costs lessen while ships get larger. Hence, a further increase in ship sizes would not significantly reduce transport costs anymore. In contrast, the necessary efforts to prepare the ports for ships of ever-increasing size are growing over proportionally with every additional metre of draught and/or beam. It is shown that an ongoing increase of containership sizes, e.g. in the Europe-Far East trade, does not bring any further benefit, neither for the ports and their terminals nor even for the lines itself and not even for the shippers! It is an amazing mechanism that all stakeholders act rationally on their own, but the overall effect for all of them (including the public) has turned into negative. Originality/value The results may pave the way for a closer cooperation among ports, e.g. within the Hamburg-Le Havre range. Ports and terminals may see the opportunity to escape the spiral of ongoing efforts for deepening and widening the fairways and installing ever-bigger gantry cranes by agreeing on a joint policy with regard to maximum ship size.