Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PLANETARY CANDIDATES OBSERVED BY KEPLER. VI. PLANET SAMPLE FROM Q1–Q16 (47 MONTHS)

We present the sixth catalog of Kepler candidate planets based on nearly four years of high precision photometry. This catalog builds on the legacy of previous catalogs released by the Kepler project and includes 1493 new Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) of which 554 are planet candidates, and 131 of these candidates have best-fit radii < 1.5 ? > R ⨁ ? > . This brings the total number of KOIs and planet candidates to 7348 and 4175 respectively. We suspect that many of these new candidates at the low signal-to-noise ratio limit may be false alarms created by instrumental noise, and discuss our efforts to identify such objects. We re-evaluate all previously published KOIs with orbital periods of > 50 ? > days to provide a consistently vetted sample that can be used to improve planet occurrence rate calculations. We discuss the performance of our planet detection algorithms, and the consistency of our vetting products. The full catalog is publicly available at the NASA Exoplanet Archive.
[First findings about the nasal airflow in noses with septal perforation].

BACKGROUND A nasal septum perforation often leads to considerable complaints like nasal obstruction, crusting, epistaxis or whistling. Up to now there is no certain knowledge about the airflow pattern in noses with septal perforations. METHOD We performed fluid dynamic experiments on functional nasal models (so-called modified Mink boxes). We investigated the flow pattern in models with septal perforations, different in size and location and in combination with and without septal deviations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We have found no essential influence of the location of perforation on the airflow pattern. With increasing size of perforation the streamlines bump toward the posterior border of the perforation, causing turbulence. The whistling during inspiration is based on the principle of a lip whistle. The required flow velocity for vibration of the air depends on the dimension of the perforation. For large perforations it is impossible to get the required high flow velocity to cause a whistle.
A test of a linear model of glaucomatous structure-function loss reveals sources of variability in retinal nerve fiber and visual field measurements.

PURPOSE Retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) thickness and visual field loss data from patients with glaucoma were analyzed in the context of a model, to better understand individual variation in structure versus function. METHODS Optical coherence tomography (OCT) RNFL thickness and standard automated perimetry (SAP) visual field loss were measured in the arcuate regions of one eye of 140 patients with glaucoma and 82 normal control subjects. An estimate of within-individual (measurement) error was obtained by repeat measures made on different days within a short period in 34 patients and 22 control subjects. A linear model, previously shown to describe the general characteristics of the structure-function data, was extended to predict the variability in the data. RESULTS For normal control subjects, between-individual error (individual differences) accounted for 87% and 71% of the total variance in OCT and SAP measures, respectively. SAP within-individual error increased and then decreased with increased SAP loss, whereas OCT error remained constant. The linear model with variability (LMV) described much of the variability in the data. However, 12.5% of the patients' points fell outside the 95% boundary. An examination of these points revealed factors that can contribute to the overall variability in the data. These factors include epiretinal membranes, edema, individual variation in field-to-disc mapping, and the location of blood vessels and degree to which they are included by the RNFL algorithm. CONCLUSIONS The model and the partitioning of within- versus between-individual variability helped elucidate the factors contributing to the considerable variability in the structure-versus-function data.
Linking education, research, and service in general practice

Over the past decade general practice has undergone major changes that have placed it theoretically in the forefront of a “primary care led NHS” and increasingly in the mainstream for providing undergraduate medical education.1 2 Thus general practitioners have gained an increasing role in caring for patients who would formerly have been in hospital or other care facilities. Many general practitioners have also been engaged in purchasing care for their patients through fundholding schemes, and it is clear from the white paper that general practitioners will continue to have a major role in commissioning.3 These and other changes in healthcare provision have led to a consensus that a much greater proportion of both undergraduate and postgraduate medical education should take place in general practice.4 In addition, a clear …
What is known about Electrophysiological Muscle Functions of Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a disorder characterized by widespread pain, in particular, muscular pain. It is known that central pain processing in FM is deregulated. This results in pain augmentation, a phenomenon termed central sensitization. In addition, there is growing evidence of muscle dysfunction in FM, especially in respect to electrophysiological muscle phenomena. This paper presents what is known from the literature about electrophysiological muscle functions in patients with FM. Two important phenomena have been shown in the last decade in patients with FM: a) an increased muscle fiber conduction velocity (CV) in their non-painful and non-tender point-related muscles and, b) a tendency to develop myofascial tender points (MTPs). MTPs are very painful spots that are irritable on physical examination (much pain, with referred sensations), and electrically hyper-reactive, as they reveal local vigorous activity with needle electromyography. Studies have shown that MTPs, as a source of pain, may play a crucial role in initiation and maintenance of central sensitization. The Conclusions are, 1) there is already much known about electrophysiological dysfunction in muscles of patients with FM. 2) The main feature is one of overall muscle hyperactivity/hyperexcitability. 3) A question arises as to whether both electrical phenomena, that is the increased CV and the tendency to produce MTPs in FM, have a common underlying factor. 4) If so, which factor is it? Is the factor intrinsic (i.e. the muscle itself), or extrinsic (i.e. related to a disturbance in the central motor regulation, a neurohormonal influence, or chronic low-level mental stress)?
Bacteriology of Naja atra Snakebite Wound and Its Implications for Antibiotic Therapy.

A total of 112 cases of Naja atra envenomation were examined at two referring hospitals: Taichung Veterans General Hospital in central Taiwan and Taipei Veterans General Hospital (VGH-TP) in northern Taiwan. Overall, 77% (86/112) of cases developed clinically suspected wound infections and 54% (61/112) required surgery secondary to tissue necrosis, finger or toe gangrene, and/or necrotizing fasciitis. Morganella morganii was the most abundant gram-negative bacterial strain isolated from bite wounds, followed by Proteus spp. , Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Providencia spp. in descending order; Enterococcus spp. were the most common gram-positive bacteria and Bacteroides spp. were the only anaerobic bacteria. A few episodes of bacteremia were caused by Bacteroides and Shewanella spp. There were no significant variations in the distribution of bacterial species between these two hospitals except for a higher incidence of M. morganii, Enterococcus spp. , and polymicrobial infection observed at VGH-TP, which may have been related to variations in the fecal flora of prey and oral flora of individual snakes in different geographic areas in Taiwan. According to the susceptibility test involving various pathogens, first-line drug options for the management of N. atra snakebite wound infections may include monotherapy with ureidopenicillin or combination therapy with aminopenicillin and a third-generation cephalosporin or fluoroquinolone. A prospective evaluation of empiric antibiotic therapy for the management of N. atra snakebite should be considered.
Impact of Blue Force Tracking on Combat Identification Judgments

Objective: We examined the effectiveness of blue force tracking (BFT) decision support for dismounted infantry soldiers. Background: Technologies to support combat identification (CID) are rapidly evolving and may be deployable to dismounted soldiers in the future. BFT systems are designed to mitigate the risk of fratricide by supplying positional information regarding friendly units to enhance situation awareness. Method: Participants played the role of a dismounted infantry soldier in a first-person perspective gaming environment and made engagement decisions for a series of simulated targets, half of which were enemies and half of which were friends. Results: Participants performed better overall when they were able to use a BFT system than when they performed the task without assistance. When a 10-s latency was added to the updating of position information in the BFT, participants made significantly more false alarms (engaged a friendly target) regardless of whether they knew about the latency. Conclusion: The results indicate the promise of a personal BFT device to reduce the likelihood of fratricide by dismounted infantry soldiers. The results, however, also indicate that the effectiveness of such a device can be dramatically reduced when it does not provide real-time data. Application: Potential applications of this research include development of performance standards for BFT devices and assessment of decision support for dismounted soldiers.
Attachment-related dynamics: What can we learn from self-reports of avoidance and anxiety?

In their target article, Shaver and Mikulincer argue that self-report measures of adult attachment provide a useful tool for studying attachment-related dynamics, particularly when combined with experimental research techniques. These authors present compelling evidence in support of their position, based on recent social psychological studies of adult attachment. Because my response to their article is generally favorable, my major goal here is to present additional data supporting their position, based primarily on studies conducted by the research group at the University of Queensland. However, I also wish to draw attention to some aspects of empirical research that do not feature prominently in the target article, and,  nally, to comment briey on a possible limitation of reliance on two-dimensional measures of adult attachment. At the outset, it is important to make two general points concerning the state of research into adult attachment. First, as Shaver and Mikulincer note, most adult attachment researchers currently favor dimensional measures of attachment, rather than categorical (typological) measures. This preference for dimensional measures is often justi ed in very general terms, focusing on the greater reliability and sensitivity of multiple-item measures. With regard to adult attachment, it seems that an even stronger case can be made for the use of dimensional measures, centred on issues of validity. Recent studies using taxometric techniques indicate that adult attachment is best conceptualized in terms of continuous dimensions (Fraley & Waller, 1998). Further, comparison of responses to categorical (forced-choice) and dimensional measures suggests that categorical measures are more prone to response bias, including socially desirable responding, presumably because they are more ‘transparent’. For instance, compared with categorical measures, clustering methods based on dimensional data result in fewer respondents being categorized as ‘secure’ (Bradford & Feeney, 2000; Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1988). Moreover, such clustering methods seem to increase, in particular, the number of respondents classed as ‘preoccupied’ (this effect was especially marked in Bradford and Feeney’s data). In other words, some individuals may be reluctant to endorse global descriptions of relationship anxiety, but willing to endorse specic items tapping similar relational concerns. Hence, dimensional measures seem to address, at least in part, one of the early concerns about selfreports of adult attachment; namely, that they would be seriously contaminated by response bias. Although measurement issues have been a key focus in this area, research into adult romantic attachment has evolved rapidly in other respects over the last 15 years. The Attachment & Human Development Vol 4 No 2 September 2002 193–200
How long should urinary bladder catheterisation be continued after vaginal prolapse surgery? A randomised controlled trial comparing short term versus long term catheterisation after vaginal prolapse surgery

Objective To determine whether prolonged urinary bladder catheterisation after vaginal prolapse surgery isadvantageous.Design Randomised controlled trial.Setting A large training hospital in the Netherlands.Population Patients undergoing anterior colporrhaphy.Methods One hundred patients were included. Patients were randomised into two groups. In one group(n ¼ 50), a transurethral catheter was in place for four days post-operatively and removed on the fifth post-operative day. In the other group (n ¼ 50), catheterisation was not prolonged and the catheter was removedthe morning after surgery. Residual volumes after removal of the catheter were measured by ultrasoundscanning. Where residual volumes of >200 mL were found the patient was recatheterised for three moredays. Urinary cultures were taken before removal of the catheter. Six patients were excluded: four in thestandard prolonged catheterisation group and two in the not prolonged catheterisation group.Main outcome measures Need for recatheterisation, urinary tract infection, mean duration of catheterisationand hospital stay.Results Residual volumes exceeding 200 mL and need for recatheterisation occurred in 9% in the standardprolonged catheterisation group versus 40% of patients in the not prolonged catheterisation group (OR 0.15,95% CI 0.045–0.47). Positive urine cultures were found in 40% of cases in the standard prolongedcatheterisation group compared with 4% in the not prolonged catheterisation group (OR 15, 95% CI 3.2–68.6). Mean duration of catheterisation was 5.3 days in the standard prolonged catheterisation group and 2.3days in the not prolonged catheterisation group (P < 0.001). Mean duration of hospitalisation was 7 days inthe standard prolonged catheterisation group and 5.7 days in the not prolonged group (P < 0.001). Conclusion The disadvantages of prolonged catheterisation outweigh the advantages, therefore, removal ofthe catheter on the morning after surgery may be preferable and longer term catheterisation should only beundertaken where there are specific indications.INTRODUCTIONIn the Netherlands, it is common to maintain drainage ofthe bladder with a urethral catheter for longer periods afteranterior colporrhaphy. A national questionnaire regardingpractice in training hospitals revealed that the mean dura-tion of catheterisation in 24 protocols is 3.7 days. In ourhospital, the routine catheterisation period is four days. Thereason for this standard procedure is the belief that over-filling of the bladder after prolapse surgery might have anegative influence on surgical outcome. However, there isno evidence in the literature to support this view. In onestudy of 50 patients, the number of post-operative voidingproblems appeared to be equal between two groups of oneand three days of prolonged catheterisation, respectively.
[Complications of difficult tracheal intubations in a critical care unit] .

OBJECTIVES This study was performed in order to evaluate the frequency of DI, the predictive factors of DI and to list the related complications. STUDY DESIGN Prospective non randomized, open study. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients intubated in the critical care unit during the five months of the study were included. The previous history and clinical setting of the patients, the conditions and the complications of intubation were collected. DI was defined when the procedure required more than two laryngoscopies. RESULTS The study included 80 patients. The rate of DI was 22.5%. The Mallampati score (p < 0.001) was the only predictive factor. The frequency of complications was 25%. This rate was 55% for DI versus 16% for easy intubations (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study confirms the high incidence of DI and associated complications in critical care. We suggest the development of airway management protocols in critical care unit in order to reduce the rate of DI.
FlexTouch® for the delivery of insulin: technical attributes and perception among patients and healthcare professionals

Insulin injection pens have improved the ease and convenience of administering insulin for people with diabetes. This article reviews the data on a new prefilled insulin pen, FlexTouch®. FlexTouch has a novel injection mechanism with no push-button extension and a lower injection force than other prefilled pens, and other features including an end-of-dose click; a large dose display; color-coded pens to distinguish different insulin types; an ergonomic design; and compatibility with both NovoTwist® needles and most screw-thread needles. FlexTouch has been demonstrated to deliver insulin consistently and accurately at minimum, half-maximum and maximum doses. In usability studies recruiting patients and healthcare professionals, FlexTouch was easier to use and instilled more confidence than other prefilled pens, and was preferred to other prefilled pens. FlexTouch was also found to be easier to use and was preferred for learning and teaching to use.
EUS-guided cholecystoduodenostomy for acute cholecystitis with an anti-stent migration and anti-food impaction system; a pilot study

Background: Recently, endoscopic ultrasound-guided gall bladder drainage (EUS-GBD) has been reported using a self-expandable metallic stent. To prevent stent migration and food flowing into the common bile duct through the cystic duct, we perform a novel EUS-guided cholecystoduodenostomy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of EUS-guided cholecystoduodenostomy with an anti-stent migration and anti-food impaction system. Methods: A total of 16 consecutive patients who underwent EUS-guided cholecystoduodenostomy for acute cholecystitis were included in this study. Results: Technical and clinical success was obtained in all patients. The median procedure time was 26.9 min (range 19–42 min). Median follow-up time was 181.5 days (range 18–604 days), and in this time, recurrence of acute cholecystitis was not seen in all patients. Adverse events such as stent migration and cholangitis were not seen in any patients, although pneumoperitoneum was seen in one patient. Conclusion: Our technique may be favorable and effective for the prevention of adverse events on EUS-GBD.
Determinants of Psychological Well-Being in Irish Immigrants

Immigration accounts for nearly half of the U.S. population growth in the past 20 years, and this trend is expected to continue. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between demographics, resilience, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being among Irish immigrants. Employing a cross-sectional design, a sample of 100 Irish immigrants completed the Demographic and Migration Questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, the Migration Quality of Life Scale, and the General Well-Being Schedule. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the association of psychological well-being with demographics, resilience, and life satisfaction. Findings revealed that number of annual health care appointments, higher resilience, and greater life satisfaction were the strongest predictors of psychological well-being.
Fatal Fetal Outcome with the Combined Use of Valsartan and Atenolol

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of anhydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, very small placenta, and fetal death in a pregnancy complicated by chronic hypertension and diabetes mellitus that had been treated through the first 24 weeks of gestation with valsartan and atenolol. CASE SUMMARY: A 40-year-old Hispanic woman with well-controlled chronic hypertension and diet-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus was treated with valsartan and atenolol until pregnancy was diagnosed at 24 weeks' gestation. An ultrasound examination revealed normal fetal growth and anatomy but anhydramnios (amniotic fluid index 0). Valsartan was discontinued, and amniotic fluid volume normalized within two weeks. Intrauterine fetal death was documented at 33 weeks' gestation. Labor was induced, with the delivery of a stillborn female fetus with small, hypoplastic lungs (weight 41% of expected) and an extremely small, 148-g placenta (weight 48% of the 10th percentile for gestational age). DISCUSSION: The use of valsartan, a selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARA), in human pregnancy has not been reported, but this class of agents would be expected to cause fetal toxicity similar to that observed with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. This toxicity includes reduced perfusion of the fetal kidneys, resulting in anuria, oligohydramnios, and subsequent pulmonary hypoplasia. The small hypoplastic lungs and very small placenta were probably a consequence of valsartan and atenolol combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Resolution of anhydramnios after discontinuing valsartan is evidence for ARA-induced fetal toxicity. The pulmonary hypoplasia observed in the stillborn infant was a direct result of the severe oligohydramnios. The cause of fetal death nine weeks later is uncertain, but because the woman's chronic hypertension and diabetes were well controlled, we believe the primary cause was chronic placental insufficiency resulting from the previous combination of valsartan and atenolol.
Techniques for identifying heterophile antibody interference are assay specific: study of seven analytes on two automated immunoassay analyzers.

Interference by human anti-animal immunoglobulins, commonly referred to as heterophile antibodies, in immunologic assays is known to be an important consideration for medical testing laboratories (1)(2)(3). Although automated immunometric assays are formulated to reduce these effects, it is unlikely that complete elimination occurs (2), and artifactual results attributable to heterophile antibodies have been reported for some assays (4)(5). Such results often are identified by addition of blocking agents to the samples before assay. A simple sample pretreatment method uses a commercially available blocking tube, HBT. An alternative technique uses polyethylene glycol (PEG) to precipitate immunoglobulin-sized molecules before assay. For both of these techniques, a difference between values for the treated and untreated specimens is interpreted as evidence for heterophile antibody interference. It is not clear that either of these methods is appropriate for every immunoassay. It is important to know the effect of sample pretreatment on the results of each assay. This has been done recently for HBT and a thyroglobulin assay (4). We examined seven automated analyzer hormone assays, using pretreatments with both HBT and PEG of samples from healthy adults, with the aim of determining the expected change in results post treatment for both techniques for each assay. We investigated luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) on the Access2 analyzer and insulin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTx; β CrossLaps) on the Elecsys analyzer. Analyzer reagents and consumables were obtained from Beckman-Coulter and Roche Diagnostics, respectively. Plasma (EDTA) samples were collected from healthy individuals in a study approved by the …