Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE TRANSVERSALITY CONDITIONS FOR 4-DIM DUCK SOLUTIONS (Modeling and Complex analysis for functional equations)

In the proceedings of RIMS 1547, 2007, $ppl07/113$ , Generic conditions for Duck solutions in $R^{4}$ , I gave the generic conditions $(B2)-(B5)$ . In this paper, the condition $(B4)$ will be revised, and then the proof of Theorem3.2 also be revised. I.INTRODUCTION A slow fast system in $R^{4}$ includes a possibility having a constrained surface with l-dimensional or 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional differentiable manifold. In this paper, we take up the system in $R^{4}$ with a 2-dimensional constrained surface. There are two different approaches, which is an indirect method and the other is a direct one to find the duck solutions in $R^{4}$ ([5]). A typical example of this system is a 2-paraMeled FitzHugh-Nagumo equations. S.A. CampbeU, one of authors of [3], investigated first the coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo equations as a bifurcation problem. In the system, we, I and S.A. Campbell, have already proved the existence of the winding duck solutions in $R^{4}$ ([4]). As the associated slow-fast $s$ystem (or singular perturbation problem) has a 2-dimensional slow manifold (constrained surface), we can reduce it to the slow-fast one in $R^{3}$ . It turns to have two kinds of projected slow-fast systems in $R^{\theta}$ : one has 2-dimensional constrained surface, the other has l-dimensional constrained surface. Giving transversality conditions in each case, it will be shown that there exists the duck in the original system. Recently, we, I and Miki and Nishino, investigated a trading dynamical economics model using both methods. See ([6]). 2.SLOW-FAST SYSTEM IN $R^{3}$ Let us consider the following slow-fast system: $\epsilon dx/dt=h(x,y,\epsilon)$ , (2.1) $dy_{1}/dt=f_{1}(x,y,\epsilon)$ , $dy_{2}/dt=f_{2}(x,y,\epsilon)$ , where $x\in R^{1},$ $y=(y_{1},y_{2})\in R^{2}$ , are variables, and $\epsilon$ is a parameter, which is infinitesimally small in the sense of non-standard analysis of Nelson. We give the following assumptions in the system(2.1). 1991 Mathemati $cs$ Subject Clasiification. $34A34,34A47,34C35. $ . Key $word\ell$ and phrases. slow-fast system, duck solutions. Typeset by $A_{\mathcal{M}}S-? ffl$ 数理解析研究所講究録 第 1582巻 2008年 144-150 144
Milk urea as nutritional indicator in sheep grazing legume-based pastures.

A three-year study was carried out to assess the effects of different grass-legume mixtures on: (i) dietary CP and NEL (Net Energy for milk production) concentrations and milk urea level; and (ii) the relationship between milk urea and several dietary variables. Replicate groups of Sardinian sheep in early-mid lactation (January-May) rotationally grazed plots of three grass-legume mixtures consisting of common grass (Lolium rigidum, Gaudin) and different legumes, namely: Medicago polymorpha L. (burr medic, treatment BM), Trifolium subterraneum L. (subclover, treatment SC) and Hedysarum coronarium L. (sulla, treatment SU). Herbage dry matter intake and diet composition were estimated by the n-alkane method. Across the three grazing seasons the dietary CP and milk urea concentrations were consistently higher in BM than in the other treatment groups (P < 0.05). Dietary NEL content was similar between treatments. Pooling all data (N = 72), a linear relationship between milk urea concentration (MUC, mg/100 ml) and dietary CP (% DM) was found: MUC = 2.012 CP + 1.8411, R 2 = 0.55, RMSE = 6.73. Significant but weaker linear relationships were also found between MUC and CP/NEL (g CP/Mcal NEL, r = 0.673, P < 0.001) and tannic phenols (TP, % DM, r = -0.506, P < 0.001). After stepwise regression analysis, besides CP, dietary TP concentration was kept in the model (R 2 = 0.60, RMSE = 6.39). To conclude, the grass-legume mixture exerted a clear effect on milk urea concentration with higher values in groups having higher CP and lower tannic phenols concentrations in their diet.
Enhancement of Convective Heat Transfer on A Flat Plate by Artificial Roughness and Vibration

This paper is concerned with the application of vibration simultaneously with artificial surface roughness techniques as a combined turbulence promoter for convective heat transfer enhancement. The study was conducted on a flat plate in parallel flow and zero external pressure gradient for the free stream. For artificial roughness, grooves were made in the heat transfer surface and perpendicular to flow direction. Two different groove cross-sectional geometries were considered: V-shaped grooves and square-shaped grooves. The case of a non-grooved surface (natural roughness case which is also referred to as “smooth surface” case) was also considered. For vibration, two parameters were investigated; both for the smooth plate and the artificially-roughened one, namely: the frequency ( ranging from 0 to 100 Hz) and the amplitude (ranging from 2mm to 20 mm). For a vibrated non-grooved (smooth) plate, experiment shows that vibration is a powerful enhancement tool, the heat rate increasing more than 2.5 fold. Frequency and amplitude of the imposed vibration both have positive effect on heat transfer enhancement. For a vibrated artificially-roughened (grooved) plate, the amplitude effect on heat transfer enhancement appears positive up to a certain limit. Here, increasing the amplitude beyond a certain value produces an unexpected decrease in the enhanced heat transfer. This phenomenon may be attributed to the formation of an overlap boundary layer associated with large amplitudes. Moreover, the effect of frequency appears stronger than that of the amplitude. The results show also that the non-grooved plate differs from the grooved one (artificially-roughened plate).
Influence of the driving mechanism on the response of systems with athermal dynamics: The example of the random-field Ising model

We investigate the influence of the driving mechanism on the hysteretic response of systems with athermal dynamics. In the framework of local-mean field theory at finite temperature (but neglecting thermallly activated processes), we compare the rate-independent hysteresis loops obtained in the random field Ising model (RFIM) when controlling either the external magnetic field $H$ or the extensive magnetization $M$. Two distinct behaviors are observed, depending on disorder strength. At large disorder, the $H$-driven and $M$-driven protocols yield identical hysteresis loops in the thermodynamic limit. At low disorder, when the $H$-driven magnetization curve is discontinuous (due to the presence of a macroscopic avalanche), the $M$-driven loop is re-entrant while the induced field exhibits strong intermittent fluctuations and is only weakly self-averaging. The relevance of these results to the experimental observations in ferromagnetic materials, shape memory alloys, and other disordered systems is discussed.
ROSA DAMASCENA OIL: AN ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC REFRACTORY SEIZURES

Objective Several investigations have demonstrated that Rosa damascena has an inhibitory effect on the hypothalamus and on pituitary system reactivity in the rat; it has also been shown that the essential oil of Rosa damascena has significant antiepileptic effects on pentylentetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures in rats. We aimed at assessing the effects of the essential oil of Rosa damascena when used as an adjunct treatment to treat children with refractory seizures Materials and Methods In this double-blind clinical trial, conducted as a pilot study between April 2004 and March 2005, we administered essential oil of Rosa damascena to sixteen children with refractory epilepsy as an adjunct therapy, and evaluated its effects. Results 16 patients, age range 3-13 years, were enrolled; 56.3% (n=9) girls and 43.8% (n=7) boys. All has been under treatment for 3-6 weeks (baseline phase). They received either the essential oil or placebo for a period of 4 weeks and in between these periods, they took only their pre-existing antiepileptic drugs for two weeks (washout phase). The mean frequency of seizures in those using essential oil, showed significant decrease as compared to the controls using placeboes (p=0.00). Conclusion It can be concluded that the essential oil of Rosa Damascena has beneficial antiepileptic effect in children with refractory seizures. Keywords: Rosa damascena, refractory epilepsy, children, oil.
Near-Earth substorm features from multiple satellite observations

We investigate a substorm on 3 October 2004 during which 11 satellites were located in near-Earth magnetotail (X-GSM > -10 R-E). Double Star 1 (TC-1), Cluster, and LANL-97 satellites were closely aligned in the dawn-dusk direction (<1 R-E apart) for this conjunction. After substorm expansion onset, TC-1 observed plasma sheet thinning at X approximate to -5.5 RE and later detected signature of plasma flow shear that may be associated with an auroral arc. Analysis of the dawn-dusk magnetic perturbations from GOES-10 and Polar suggests that these could be caused by a substorm current system consisting of not only the azimuthal closure of field-aligned currents (the substorm current wedge) but also the meridional closure of field-aligned currents. The temporal sequence of substorm activity (particle injection, current disruption, and dipolarization) revealed by these satellites indicates that the substorm expansion activity was initiated close to the Earth and spread later to further downstream distances. Furthermore, TC-1 and Cluster data show that there is no close relationship between some dipolarizations and Earthward plasma flows in the near-Earth region. The overall development of substorm activity is in agreement with the near-Earth initiation model for substorms. A temporal evolution of the magnetic field reconfiguration and plasma boundary motion during this substorm is constructed from these observations.
Daphnids respond to algae-associated odours

Using a Y-tube olfactometer, it was found that Daphnia galeata x hyalina moves to the arm with odour from either of two edible algal species (Scenedesmus acuminatus and Oscillawria limnetica) rather than to the alternative arm with clean water. However, no differential response was observed when odours of the toxic cyanobacterium (Oscillaioria agardhn) were tested. We suggest that odours associated with edible algae attract Daphnia, whereas non-edible algae do not elicit attraction of Daphnia.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN PERIPHERAL VERSUS CORE REGIONS: LESSONS FROM CHILE

Governmental policies in many countries are designed to boost and support entrepreneurship in peripheral regions (Lerner 2009). This paper analyzes the perceptions about entrepreneurship framework conditions (Levie & Autio 2008) at regional level in Chile. We applied one of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’s methodologies, the National Experts Survey, to a sample of 695 key informants in eight regions of which six are classified as peripheral. Using non-parametric statistics we compare the differences between peripheral and core-central regions. The main results indicate that peripherally located experts perceive their regions as in a worse position than centrally located entrepreneurship experts in terms of finance access and physical infrastructure. However, the results surprisingly indicate that peripheral entrepreneurship experts are more likely to perceive general policy and government programs as being more pro-entrepreneurship, and to detect more market dynamism in their regions. This research revives the debate about specific regional policies designed to foster local new business creation, and the entrepreneurial framework conditions needed at regional level for emerging regions such as in Latin America.
EFFECTS OF SPORTSWEAR DESIGN ON THERMAL COMFORT

Several technical developments in the sportswear clothing industry resulted in the use of functional textiles for highly&specialized performances in all kind of sports. This paper reports on an experimental investigation on the effects of garment design in thermo& physiological body comfort, measured in terms of clothing insulation for a specific outdoor sport & rowing. The thermal manikins have been used to measure clothing insulation and to evaluate the thermal comfort. Thermal manikins provide a good estimate of the total dry heat loss from the body and the distribution of heat flow over the body surface. In a standard environment, these measurements can be used to describe the thermal characteristics of clothing. Testing of sportswear clothing made of different fibers and garment designs, namely by varying knitting structures, show the possibilities of influencing thermal comfort, especially thermal insulation. The evaluation and understanding of the thermal effects of garment design and fabric materials is important for the development and optimization of functional garments. Therefore, the final aim of this paper is to study and validate the thermal comfort behaviour of active sportswear for rowing using single and multiple knitted zones in the garment design and considering also differences in material composition through thermal manikin measurements.
Detection of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs using coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Cystic Echinococcosis is an important zoonosis in the sheep rising areas of Iran. To develop a simple and reliable diagnostic method for Echinococcus infection in definitive hosts, E. granulosus polyoclonal antibodies (PolyAbs) were prepared from adult worm in rabbit. A selected PoAb was used for coproantigen detection in faecal samples obtained from animals naturally infected with Echinococcus and compared with necropsy method. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of the test were evaluated. The results indicated E. granulosus worms was detected in 36 (43%) of small intestine contents of dogs. The results obtained by CpAg- ELISA test showed 30 (36.14%) positive and 53 (63.86%) negative cases. The sensitivity and specificity of CpAg-ELISA test were evaluated 83.33% and 100% respectively. In conclusion, the present result suggests that, CpAg-ELISA is a valid test for detection of E. granulosus infection in living dogs. Thus it is appropriate to apply for epidemiological study.
Temporary sales prices and findings of asymmetric vertical price transmission in scanner data

The impact of temporary sales prices on the estimation and testing of vertical price transmission is investigated using a scanner dataset of retail butter prices in Germany. To this end we first employ several methods that have been proposed in the literature to filter out temporary sales prices by identifying underlying reference retail prices. Then we compare estimates of price transmission from the wholesale to the retail level that are generated with raw and filtered retail prices. Our results indicate that temporary sales prices tend to make vertical price transmission appear more rapid and asymmetric. These results add a new potential cause of empirical findings of asymmetry to those already identified in the literature.
Prevalence and variability of the common bean rust in Uganda

1 College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. 2 National Crop Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, P. O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda. 3 International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, Kampala, Uganda. 4 Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. 5 Plant Pathology Laboratory, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA. 6 Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Continuous monitoring of biophysical Eucalyptus sp. parameters using interferometric synthetic aperture radar data in P and X bands

Abstract. This work aims to verify the applicability of models obtained using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for estimation of biophysical Eucalyptus saligna parameters [diameter of breast height (DBH), total height and volume], as a method of continuous forest inventory. In order to obtain different digital elevation models, and the interferometric height (Hint) to retrieve the tree heights, SAR surveying was carried out by an airborne interferometric SAR in two frequencies X and P bands. The study area, located in the Brazilian southeast region (S 22°53′22″/W 45°26′16″ and S 22°53′22″/W 45°26′16″), comprises 128.64 hectares of Eucalyptus saligna stands. The methodological procedures encompassed: forest inventory, topographic surveying, radar mapping, radar processing, and multivariable regression techniques to build Eucalyptus volume, DBH, and height models. The statistical regression pointed out Hint and interferometric coherence as the most important variables for the total height and DBH estimation; for the volume model, however, only the Hint variable was selected. The performance of the biophysical models from the second campaign, two years later (2006), were consistent and its results are very promising for updating annual inventories needed for managing Eucalyptus plantations.
Brief communication: Observations of a glacier outburst flood from Lhotse Glacier, Everest area, Nepal

Abstract. Glacier outburst floods with origins from Lhotse Glacier, located in the Everest region of Nepal, occurred on 25 May 2015 and 12 June 2016. The most recent event was witnessed by investigators, which provided unique insights into the magnitude, source, and triggering mechanism of the flood. The field assessment and satellite imagery analysis following the event revealed that most of the flood water was stored englacially and that the flood was likely triggered by dam failure. The flood's peak discharge was estimated to be 210 m3 s−1.
An Expanded Concept for the Glucose Effect in the Yeast Saccharomyces uvarum: Involvement of Short- and Long-term Regulation

SUMMARY: When Saccharomyces uvarum was cultivated in continuous culture, it exhibited the typical growth behaviour of a glucose-sensitive yeast. Metabolic changes related to glucose-repressed growth were assessed by an analysis of overall culture parameters (biomass formation, ethanol and acetate production and gas exchange rates) and by measuring the mitochondrial cytochrome content. These functions were mainly affected by the glucose effect; the steady state values of these variables were first established in the chemostat as a function of dilution rate. The short- and long-term regulation taking place when the cells were submitted to repression was assessed by administering glucose pulses and by shifts in the dilution rate. The primary response of the cells to the initiation of repressed growth was the formation of ethanol and acetate. Since there was no repression of oxygen uptake rate or cytochrome content prior to this response, it was concluded that ethanol and acetate formation was not the consequence of repression of respiratory activity, but resulted from the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase activities. Long-term adaptation of the cells occurred within 24 to 48 h of the initiation of repressed growth as manifested by a decrease of mitochondrial cytochrome content to the steady state value corresponding to that of repressed growth.
An axiomatic approach to distance on partial orderings

On developpe un ensemble d'axiomes definissant une distance entre ordres partiels. Les resultats presentes generalisent les travaux de Bogart et de Kemeny et Snell alors que la representation matricielle introduite ici differe de celle de ces auteurs, on montre que cette distance est equivalente a la leur dans les applications a des sous-espaces appropries de classification
Massive star formation by accretion I. Disc accretion

Massive stars likely form by accretion and the evolutionary track of an accreting forming star corresponds to what is called the birthline in the HR diagram. The shape of this birthline is quite sensitive to the evolution of the entropy in the accreting star. We first study the reasons why some birthlines published in past years present different behaviours for a given accretion rate. We then revisit the question of the accretion rate, which allows us to understand the distribution of the observed pre-main-sequence (pre-MS) stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram. Finally, we identify the conditions needed to obtain a large inflation of the star along its pre-MS evolution that may push the birthline towards the Hayashi line in the upper part of the HR diagram. We present new pre-MS models including accretion at various rates and for different initial structures of the accreting core. From the observed upper envelope of pre-MS stars in the HR diagram, we deduce the accretion law that best matches the accretion history of most of the intermediate-mass stars. In the case of cold disc accretion, the existence of a significant swelling during the accretion phase, which leads to radii $\gtrsim100\,R_\odot$ and brings the star back to the red part of the HR diagram, depends sensitively on the initial conditions. For an accretion rate of $10^{-3}\,M_\odot\rm\,yr^{-1}$, only models starting from a core with a significant radiative region evolve back to the red part of the HR diagram. We also obtain that, in order to reproduce the observed upper envelope of pre-MS stars in the HR diagram with an accretion law deduced from the observed mass outflows in ultra-compact HII regions, the mass effectively accreted onto the star with respect to the total in falling matter decreases when the mass of the star increases.
Enhanced cold-season warming in semi-arid regions

Abstract. This study examined surface air temperature trends over global land from 1901–2009. It is found that the warming trend was particularly enhanced, in the boreal cold season (November to March) over semi-arid regions (with precipitation of 200–600 mm yr −1 ) showing a temperature increase of 1.53 °C as compared to the global annual mean temperature increase of 1.13 °C over land. In mid-latitude semi-arid areas of Europe, Asia, and North America, temperatures in the cold season increased by 1.41, 2.42, and 1.5 °C, respectively. The semi-arid regions contribute 44.46% to global annual-mean land-surface temperature trend. The mid-latitude semi-arid regions in the Northern Hemisphere contribute by 27.0% of the total, with the mid-latitude semi-arid areas in Europe, Asia, and North America accounting for 6.29%, 13.81%, and 6.85%, respectively. Such enhanced semi-arid warming (ESAW) imply drier and warmer trend of these regions.
A highly efficient method for derivatization of fatty acids for high performance liquid chromatography

A new derivatization procedure for fatty acids followed by HPLC analysis with UV detection is described. Originally, derivatization was carried out with acetone solutions of 2,4'-dibromoacetophenone and triethylamine at 50°C for 2h. To prevent oxidation and isomerization, unsaturated fatty acids and conjugated dienes in particular were derivatized at a lower temperature (40°C) for 30 min using a concentrated solution of 2,4'-dibromoacetophenone in acetone and triethylamine. The new derivatization method decreases the risk of degradation and isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids. Due to the use of higher concentrations of substrates in reaction mixtures, significantly enhanced sensitivity of fatty acid analysis is observed. In contrast to the original derivatization method, the new one can be successfully used for both large and trace concentrations of fatty acids in various types of biological materials.