Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tolerance in Organ Transplantation

Transplantation is often the best option to treat organ end stage failure. Transplanted patients need to take long-term immunosuppressive drugs to inhibit rejection and maintain their graft. But those therapies have numerous important side effects such as cancer induction and opportunistic infections. Thus, the development of novel thera‐ pies to induce specific rather than general immunosuppression and therefore, tipping the balance between effector and regulatory functions to inhibit transplant rejection is a major goal in the field. One major approach is the blockade of costimulatory signals to abort effector T-cell activation following TCR engagement and to promote regulatory T cells. Here we summarized the research to date that details immune mechanisms involved in tolerance in organ transplantation and strategies toward tolerance.
Financing Human Development for Sectorial Growth: A Time Series Analysis

Abstract The role which financing human development plays in fostering the sectorial growth of an economy cannot be undermined. It is a key instrument which can be utilized to alleviate poverty, create employment and ensure the sustenance of economic growth and development. Thus financing human development for sectorial growth has taken the center stage of economic growth and development strategies in most countries. In a constructive effort to examine the in-depth relationship between the variables in the Nigerian space, this paper provides evidence on the impact of financing human development and sectorial growth in Nigeria between 1982 and 2016, using the Johansen co-integration techniques to test for co-integration among the variables and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to ascertain the speed of adjustment of the variables to their long run equilibrium position. The analysis shows that a long and short run relationship exists between financing human capital development and sectorial growth during the period reviewed. Therefore, the paper argues that for an active foundation for sustainable sectorial growth and development, financing human capital development across each unit is urgently required through increased budgetary allocation for both health and educational sectors since they are key components of human capital development in a nation.
Stock Market Reaction to Debt Financing Arrangements in Russia

This paper investigates stock market reaction to debt arrangements in Russia. The analysis of the valuation of debt arrangements by stock markets provides information about the use of debt by Russian companies. We apply the event study methodology to check whether debt announcements lead to abnormal returns using a sample of Russian listed companies that issued syndicated loans or bonds between June 2004 and December 2008. We find a negative reaction of stock markets to debt arrangements that can be explained by moral hazard behavior of shareholders at the expense of debtholders. Further, we observe no significant difference between announcements of syndicated loans and bonds. Thus, our findings support the view that Russian companies could have incentives to limit their reliance on external debt.
Attitudes towards sexual coercion by Polish high school students: links with risky sexual scripts, pornography use, and religiosity

ABSTRACT The link between cognitive scripts for consensual sexual interactions and attitudes towards sexual coercion was studied in 524 Polish high school students. We proposed that risky sexual scripts, containing risk elements linked to sexual aggression, would be associated with attitudes condoning sexual coercion. Pornography use and religiosity were included as predictors of participants’ risky sexual scripts and attitudes towards sexual coercion. Risky sexual scripts were linked to attitudes condoning sexual coercion. Pornography use was indirectly linked to attitudes condoning sexual coercion via risky sexual scripts. Religiosity showed a positive direct link with attitudes towards sexual coercion, but a negative indirect link through risky sexual scripts. The results are discussed regarding the significance of risky sexual scripts, pornography use, and religiosity in understanding attitudes towards sexual coercion as well as their implications for preventing sexually aggressive behaviour.
Fungal bioaerosol exposure and its effects on the health of mushroom and vegetable farm workers in Taiwan

ABSTRACTWorkers from specific occupational settings may be exposed to high fungal bioaerosol concentrations, causing detrimental health effects. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the characteristics and health effects of fungal bioaerosols present on agricultural farms. By using IOM inhalable dust samplers, personal and area samples of airborne fungi were collected from five agricultural farms—two mushroom and three vegetable farms. A standardized questionnaire and spirometry were used to evaluate workers’ health. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to examine the distributions of fungal and environmental factors among the different farms, and regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of personal bioaerosol exposure on workers’ health. In the personal samples, the geometric mean concentrations ranged from 4.3 × 103 to 3.0 × 104 CFU m–3 for total culturable fungi and from 4.2 × 103 to 1.2 × 105 spores m–3 for total fungal spores. The total fungal spore concentrations differed significantly among the personal samples (p = 0.026), but not among the area samples, from the five farms. The culturable fungal concentrations among the five farms did not differ significantly in the personal or area samples. Decreased lung functions of the workers were significantly associated with the concentrations of total fungi and several fungal taxa such as Ascospores, Fusarium, and Periconia. This study demonstrated that exposure to high fungal bioaerosol concentrations reduced the lung functions of the mushroom and vegetable farm workers. Superior ventilation and appropriate personal protection equipment are required to reduce occupational biohazards.
Numerical Study of Convective Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Channel

This study is devoted to the investigation of natural convection in a two dimensional horizontal channel with rectangular heated blocks at the bottom. The aspect ratio of the channel is A = L � /H � = 5. The blocks are heated with a constant temperature while the upper plane of the channel is cold. The governing equations are solved using a finite volumes method and the SIMPLEC algorithm is used for the treatment of the pressure-velocity coupling. Special emphasis is given to detail the effect of the Rayleigh number and blocks height on the heat transfer and the mass flow rate generated by natural convection. Results are given for the following values of control parameters: Rayleigh number (5 ×10 3 ≤ Ra ≤ 7 ×10 5 ), Prandtl number Pr=0.71, opening width (C = l � /H � = 0.15), blocks gap (D = d � /H � = 0.5) and blocks height (B = h � /H = 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8).
ESP Needs Analysis: A Case Study of PEH Students, University of Khartoum

Needs analysis is considered a necessary first step in designing ESP courses. This study, therefore, aims at analysing students at the Faculty of Public and Environmental Health (PEH) at the University of Khartoum (U of K), Sudan, needs for English language. The study adopted the needs analysis framework suggested by Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) focusing on target needs analysis, present situation analysis, and learning means needs analysis. The study used a questionnaire, a proficiency test, and an interview to collect data. The participants were 490 students at PEH (390 participated in the questionnaire and 100 in the proficiency test) and two professors at the Faculty. The study found that PEH students need English language for academic study. The students rated their proficiency as good, but the test revealed that they were of weak proficiency. All the four skills in addition to vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation are regarded as important to the students. Similarly, almost all the sub-skills are found to be important. The students have a variety of learning needs such as learning in pairs, groups, and through ICT. The study recommends that PEH students’ proficiency should be raised and a course that meets the students’ needs is needed.
Moisture, Water Holding, Drying and Wetting in Forest Soils

Relationship of soil and water is generally considered as important in soil science. To specify it further we studied two different soils in 2012-2013, three additional soils once and made several series of experiments with drying and wetting of the soils. Principal parameters studied were the gravimetric water content (GWC), water holding capacity (WHC), soil organic matter (SOM), their correlations and rates of change in drying or wetting. The three parameters are significantly inter-correlated. Distribution of GWC in the replicates of soils dried both in nature and in experiments was narrower than that in wet soils, while WHC changed less in drying. The correlations (GWC- WHC) became steeper (the slope coefficient higher) and the coefficient of determination (R2) lower. Attempts to increase WHC in wet soils with a high WHC even further were not successful. Drying may be fast or slow; rates of increase of WHC in wetting were all low, both in field and in the experiments, less than 0.1 g (H2O) g-1 (soil)·day-1. None of the three parameters can be considered as fixed characteristics of forest soils.
Does CEO tenure influence corporate bond rating properties

This study examines whether and how corporate bond rating quality varies with CEO tenure. Due to the expansive roles of credit ratings in capital market, managers have incentives to maintain or improve their ratings. Accumulated firm experience makes longer-tenured CEOs better at strategic communication with rating agencies and thereby more able to achieve the desired rating outcomes, leading to lower rating quality. Consistent with this prediction, I find that ratings are less accurate, less timely, and more volatile for issuers with longer-tenured CEOs. All these results hold after controlling for the impact of CEO tenure through public information sharing, suggesting that longertenured CEOs manage credit ratings through private information sharing with rating agencies. Moreover, investors do not understand such rating management by longer-
Group analysis in the SSRS2 catalog

We present an automated method to detect populations of groups in galaxy redshift catalogs. This method uses both analysis of the redshift distribution along lines of sight in fixed cells to detect elementary structures and a friend-of-friend algorithm to merge these elementary structures into physical structures. We apply this method to the SSRS2 galaxy redshift catalog. The groups detected with our method are similar to group catalogs detected with pure friend-of-friend algorithms. They have similar mass distribution, similar abundance versus redshift, similar 2-point correlation function and the same redshift completeness limit, close to 5000 km/s. If instead of SSRS2, we use catalogs of new generation, it would lead to a completeness limit of z$\\sim$0.7. We model the luminosity function for nearby galaxy groups by a Schechter function with parameters M*=(-19.99+/-0.36)+5logh and alpha=-1.46 +/- 0.17 to compute the mass to light ratio. The median value of the mass to light ratio is 360 h M/L and we deduce a relation between mass to light ratio and velocity dispersion sigma (M/L=3.79 +/- 0.64)sigma -(294 +/- 570)). The more massive the group, the higher the mass to light ratio, and therefore, the larger the amount of dark matter inside the group. Another explanation is a significant stripping of the gas of the galaxies in massive groups as opposed to low mass groups. This extends to groups of galaxies the mild tendency already detected for rich clusters of galaxies. Finally, we detect a barely significant fundamental plane for these groups but much less narrow than for clusters of galaxies.
Perceptions of Classroom Climate and Motivation to Study English

This study describes Effat University students’ perceptions of their classroom climate and their motivation to study English, and investigates the validity and reliability of an Arabic questionnaire for measuring student perceptions and motivation (Maherzi, 2000). To this end, 137 female students participated in the cross-cultural validation of this questionnaire, which is comprised of their motivation for studying English, their perceptions of the teacher’s communication style and feedback, and their perceptions of autonomy (self-determination) and competence. Results provide support for the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Implications for the use of this questionnaire in theoretical and applied research, as well as for teaching with references to perceptions of classroom climate and motivation, are discussed.
Electoral Systems: Assessing the Cross-Sectional Time-Series Data Sources

In this paper we compare and assess four freely available cross-sectional time-series data sets in terms of their information on the ballot structure, district structure and formula of the electoral system in use for lower house and, if relevant, upper house and presidential elections. The four datasets evaluated are Golder (2005), the Database of Political Institutions (Beck et al. 2001; Keefer 2005), Persson and Tabellini (2003) and Johnson and Wallack (2006). We find that the choice of data source matters for conclusions drawn on the consequences of electoral systems for both party systems and corruption, but that no data source can be given prominence over the other on methodological grounds. Students of electoral systems must thus, in the future, make their results sensitive to the choice of data source.
Study of Chondrosarcoma in Northwest Region of Libya

Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a relatively rare malignant tumor of chondroblasts with pure hyaline cartilage differentiation. The neo-plastic cells do not synthesize osteoid, but areas of calcification, ossification and myxoid change may be seen. A total of 14 cases were obtained from two major hospitals in the northwest region of Libya over a period of 6 years. Clinico-pathological data were evaluated including age and gender. The result showed that (CS) was slightly more common in females than in males, male to female ratio was (1.7: 2) with a peak incidence in the second and third decades of life. It is concluded from this study that CS is generally a slightly more common in females than in males and more frequently affected patients in the second and third decades of life. There is no any previous published article regarding this aspect in the northwest region of Libya. Therefore, this paper may will bring forward data for further study of CS in future in Libya.
How Does Access to the Unsecured Debt Market Affect Investment?

This paper examines the relation between debt structure and investment, by exploiting differences in secured and unsecured debt holdings. In order to address endogeneity concerns, I exploit two sources of exogenous variation for identification. From the firms' side, the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 represents a negative shock to firms' creditworthiness. From the credit market's perspective, the asset-backed commercial paper market collapse of 2007 caused a temporary shortage of unsecured commercial paper. Each of these shocks to debt structure is analyzed combining a difference-in-differences approach with an instrumental variable estimation (Waldinger (2010)), which allows studying i) substitution patterns among debt types and ii) the impact on investment. Results show that greater access to unsecured debt leads to larger investment. When firms face more restricted access to the unsecured debt market, they substitute toward secured debt, and reduce investment. The reason behind this result is that unsecured debt is more cost-effective in terms of spreads and covenants. These findings suggest that collateral is not key to finance investment, as instead has often been claimed in the literature. Creditworthiness rather than collateral is key to access unsecured debt. Additionally, I shed light on how access to the unsecured debt market relates to the balance sheet and credit channels of monetary policy.
Industry Cost of Equity Capital: UK Evidence

This paper explores the industry cost of equity capital for the UK. We replicate the Fama and French (1997) US analysis for UK industries, but additionally investigate the industry cost of equity capital obtained from a conditional CAPM, the Cahart (1997) four factor model, and the Al-Horani, Pope and Stark (2003) R&D model. In line with the Fama-French US results, the out of sample performance of all the models is disappointing Whilst the FF3F model has a somewhat higher explanatory power than the CAPM in terms of explaining past returns, the SMB and HML factor slopes show considerable variability through time. However, all our models of the cost of equity capital in the UK outperform a simple 'beta one' model, a result that has implications for the regulatory process. There is also some evidence to suggest that a conditional CAPM may be of interest to regulators. The new R&D model of Al-Horani et al. clearly has potential, in that over the limited period for which data is available it yields return errors not dissimilar to those found under the FF3F model, but exhibits slope coefficients on the fourth R&D factor that seem to be relatively stable. Copyright (c) 2009 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Acta Biomedica Scientia

1 Dept of Biochemistry, 2 Dept of Bioinformatics, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641021, Tamilnadu, India. 3 Dept of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT campus, Trichirappalli – 620024, Tamilnadu, India. 4 Plant Physiology & Biotechnology Division, UPASI Tea Research Foundation, UPASI Tea Research Institute, Nirar Dam BPO, Valparai 642 127, Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, India. 5 School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Plant Biotechnology division, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
Ozone climatology and variability over Irene, South Africa determined by ground based and satellite observations. Part 1: Vertical variations in the troposphere and stratosphere

In this investigation, the climatological characteristics of ozone over Irene (25.5o S, 28.1o E) are studied with the aid of both ground-based and satellite observations. The principle aim of this work is therefore to examine the variability of vertical ozone distribution over Irene. Ozonesonde measurements and satellite measurements in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere region from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) onboard the Aura satellite and it measures for the period 2004-2007 are employed in this study. The MLS satellite measurements are collected when it overpasses Irene. The vertical ozone profiles are obtained from ozonesondes and the MLS and are found to be in good agreement from a 15 km altitude and above. Maximum ozone concentration is found in the altitude between 23-27 km. The monthly variation of ozone concentration measured by ozonesondes and MLS show maximum and minimum concentrations during spring and autumn, respectively. During spring, the maximum ozone concentration measured by ozonesonde is 4.5 × 10 12 molecules cm –3 while that measured by the MLS instrument is ~4.1 × 10 12 molecules cm –3 . A difference in the range of 0.4 × 10 12 to 0.8 × 10 12 molecules cm –3 was obtained for all seasons except during winter, when the difference was in the range 0.6 × 10 12 to 0.9 × 10 12 molecules cm –3 .
Résumé Les soins non prodigués : l ’ incidence sur l ’ intention de quitter et le roulement du personnel

Cette étude a pour objectif d’examiner les soins non prodigués sur le roulement du personnel infirmier et sur l’intention de quitter. Une étude transversale a été menée à l’aide du questionnaire MISSCARE auprès d’un échantillon de 110 unités de soins, dans 10 hôpitaux de soins actifs. Des données portant sur le personnel, les taux de roulement et les indices de la charge de cas à l’échelle des unités ont été recueillies dans les hôpitaux participant. L’étude a révélé un lien entre les unités comptant des taux d’effectifs féminins supérieurs et la présence de taux de roulement inférieurs (β = -0,235, p = 0,010). Le personnel ayant l’intention de quitter était plus nombreux dans les unités affichant des taux supérieurs de soins non prodigués (β = 0,302, p < 0,0001) et d’absentéisme (β = 0,247, p = 0,034). Le personnel ayant l’intention de quitter était moins nombreux dans les unités où le personnel infirmier travaillait des heures supplémentaires (β =-0,283, p = 0,001) et était âgé de plus de 35 ans (β = -0,270, p = 0,050). En réduisant les incidences de soins non prodigués, les institutions peuvent potentiellement améliorer le taux de satisfaction et réduire l’intention de quitter (et le roulement de personnel qui s’ensuit).
The Relationship between Personality Type and Learning Achievement among Advertising Students at Assumption University of Thailand

There have been several studies focusing on the relationship between personality and learning. However, there have been no studies which have looked specifically at the relationship between personality types (introversion and extraversion) and learning achievement in Thailand. This research sought to redress that lack. As well, although it is likely that personality differences affect learning achievement among individuals, it is also worth investigating whether personality differences interact with differences in course type (lecture-based or practice-based) to produce different learning outcomes. Therefore, the researcher examined the relationship between personality types and learning achievement in lecture-based and practice-based courses by using Jung’s personality type theory as a framework. The surveys were distributed to 107 fourth year students in the Department of Advertising, Albert Laurence School of Communication Arts, and Assumption University of Thailand. The researcher used descriptive analysis to gather data about the personality types and learning achievement in different types of courses. Correlational analysis was then used to investigate possible the relationships among the variables. The analysis revealed that none of the research sample was introverted. In terms of learning achievement, all courses were in a similar grade range and there was no significant relationship between the personality types (either introverted or extraverted) and learning achievement in the two different types of courses (lecture-based and practice-based).
Mast Cell Tumors

Mast cell tumor is one of the major cutaneous tumors in dogs. Though the etiology of MCTs is not completely understood, it becomes clear that approximately 10–20% MCTs express mutant KIT receptors with ligand‐independent phosphorylation. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting KIT exert antitumor effects on malignant proliferation of mast cells with or without gene mutations. However, the efficacy of KIT inhibitors on dogs with MCTs has been limited. In this chapter, we would like to outline the general understand‐ ings of mast cells such as the process of its differentiation and proliferation, and what has been revealed regarding the mechanism of tumorigenesis and therapeutic approaches. In particular, KIT mutation‐related evidences and therapeutic approaches in the future are discussed.