Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Debating Liolaemidae diversity and classification, and a bit more: A response to Lobo et al.

The Liolaemidae lizard evolutionary radiation has resulted from active spatial expansions into an extensive territorial area accompanied by active events of cladogenesis that have produced high levels of taxonomic and ecological diversity, especially within the Liolaemus genus. As a result, these lizards have been for decades the subject of intense taxonomic and systematic debates. Here, I provide an analysis of a recent paper where discussions on Liolaemidae diversity and classification involved biased and arbitrary interpretations and observations of two previously published monographs.
Implementation of a multicomponent Responsible Beverage Service programme in Sweden-a qualitative study of promoting and hindering factors

Aims The objective of this study was to identify factors that either promote or hinder implementation of a multicomponent Responsible Beverage Service programme in Swedish municipalities. Design Forty semi-structured interviews were conducted in six municipalities and directed content analysis, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), was performed. Results The CFIR framework was useful as an underlying theoretical model in this study. Importance of the following factors, described in the five domains of CFIR, was empirically supported in this study: local needs, evidence strength and advantages of the intervention, costs and available resources, clear goals, evaluation and feedback, access to knowledge and information, clear role definitions and cooperation, and enthusiastic key persons with high confidence in the effectiveness of the intervention. Hindering factors listed by the informants were lack of enthusiasm and opportunities to specialise, low degree of self-efficacy, unengaged decision-makers, complexities of the programme, and a top-down approach. Conclusions This study indicates that previously identified factors shown to promote and hinder implementation processes are also valid in the context of multicomponent community action programmes like RBS. Suggestions on how to elude some of the hindering factors are proposed, e.g. to develop long-time financial plans, to provide better information about the RBS program in full, and to stress the importance of collaboration between representatives from the municipalities, police authorities and owners of on-licenced premises.
Spatial panel data models with structural change

Spatial panel data models are widely used in empirical studies. The existing theories of spatial models so far have largely confine the analysis under the assumption of parameters stabilities. This is unduely restrictive, since a large number of studies have well documented the presence of structural changes in the relationship of economic variables. This paper proposes and studies spatial panel data models with structural change. We consider using the quasi maximum likelihood method to estimate the model. Static and dynamic models are both considered. Large-$T$ and fixed-$T$ setups are both considered. We provide a relatively complete asymptotic theory for the maximum likelihood estimators, including consistency, convergence rates and limiting distributions of the regression coefficients, the timing of structural change and variance of errors. We study the hypothesis testing for the presence of structural change. The three super-type statistics are proposed. The Monte Carlo simulation results are consistent with our theoretical results and show that the maximum likelihood estimators have good finite sample performance.
Are Recessions Good for Your Health?

This study examines the relationship between economic conditions and health. Fixed-effect models are estimated using state level data for the 1972-1991 time period. Health is proxied by total and age- specific mortality rates, as well as by 10 particular causes of death. Total mortality and nine of the ten sources of fatalities exhibit a procyclical variation, with suicides representing the important exception. The fluctuations in mortality are larger for 20-44 year olds than for older individuals. The predicted relationship between personal incomes and health is quite weak and is sensitive to the choice of model specifications, time periods and dependent variables. These findings suggest the possible importance of cyclical variations in the time costs of medical care or healthy lifestyles and of negative health effects of job-holding.
GIS modeling of seismic vulnerability of residential fabrics considering geotechnical, structural, social and physical distance indicators in Tehran using multi-criteria decision-making techniques

Abstract. The main issue in determining seismic vulnerability is having a comprehensive view of all probable damages related to earthquake occurrence. Therefore, taking into account factors such as peak ground acceleration at the time of earthquake occurrence, the type of structures, population distribution among different age groups, level of education and the physical distance to hospitals (or medical care centers) and categorizing them into four indicators of geotechnical, structural, social and physical distance to needed facilities and from dangerous ones will provide us with a better and more exact outcome. To this end, this paper uses the analytic hierarchy process to study the importance of criteria or alternatives and uses the geographical information system to study the vulnerability of Tehran to an earthquake. This study focuses on the fact that Tehran is surrounded by three active and major faults: Mosha, North Tehran and Rey. In order to comprehensively determine the vulnerability, three scenarios are developed. In each scenario, seismic vulnerability of different areas in Tehran is analyzed and classified into four levels: high, medium, low and safe. The results show that, regarding seismic vulnerability, the faults of Mosha, North Tehran and Rey make, respectively, 6, 16 and 10% of Tehran highly vulnerable, while 34, 14 and 27% is safe.
Optimization of the epoxidation of methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate

Methyl ester of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD-ME) can be used for producing epoxide compounds. PFADME consists of 39.3% of oleic acid (C18:1) and has an iodine value of 49.2 g I2/100 g. It can be converted to a low oxirane content epoxide which can be used for several applications, such as plasticizers, polyols or alkanolamines, with appropriate modification. Temperature, mole ratio of hydrogen peroxide to unsaturation, and mole ratio of formic acid to unsaturation were optimized in the epoxidation of PFAD-ME. The study showed that more than 98% conversion of unsaturation to the epoxide ring moiety can be achieved within 3 hr of reaction by using the optimum molar ratio of 1:1:4 (unsaturation: formic acid: hydrogen peroxide) and a temperature of 50°C.
Basic Diagnosis and Prediction of Persistent Contrail Occurrence Using High-Resolution Numerical Weather Analyses/Forecasts and Logistic Regression. Part I: Effects of Random Error

Abstract Straightforward application of the Schmidt–Appleman contrail formation criteria to diagnose persistent contrail occurrence from numerical weather prediction data is hindered by significant bias errors in the upper-tropospheric humidity. Logistic models of contrail occurrence have been proposed to overcome this problem, but basic questions remain about how random measurement error may affect their accuracy. A set of 5000 synthetic contrail observations is created to study the effects of random error in these probabilistic models. The simulated observations are based on distributions of temperature, humidity, and vertical velocity derived from Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) weather analyses. The logistic models created from the simulated observations were evaluated using two common statistical measures of model accuracy: the percent correct (PC) and the Hanssen–Kuipers discriminant (HKD). To convert the probabilistic results of the logistic models into a dichotomous yes/no choice suitab.
GERIATRICS / GÉRIATRIE GERIATRIC DEPRESSION: A BRIEF REVIEW

Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with symptoms well beyond depressed mood. Loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy, poor concentration, and a multitude of physical ailments may accompany clinical depression. These problems can become chronic or recurrent and lead to substantial impairments in an individual’s ability to take care of his or her everyday responsibilities. At its worst, depression can lead to suicide, a tragic outcome associated with the loss of about 850,000 lives every year worldwide. Depression occurs in persons of all genders, ages, and backgrounds. It is the leading cause of disability as measured by Years Lived with Disability and was the fourth leading contributor to the global burden of disease in 2000, according to the World Health Organization [1]. By the year 2020, depression is projected to rank second in the DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) calculated for all ages and both sexes [1-2]. Today, depression is already the second cause of DALYs in the age category 15-44 years for both sexes combined [1]. Depression can be reliably diagnosed in the primary care setting. Antidepressant medications and brief structured forms of psychotherapy are effective for 60-80% of those affected with depression. However, fewer than 25% of those affected (in some countries like Lebanon, fewer than 10%) receive such treatment. Barriers to effective care include the lack of resources, lack of trained providers, and the social stigma associated with mental disorders including depression.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE USE OF ROTOR-WINGED AIRCRAFT IN RAPTOR SURVEYS

We believe that the advantages of aerial survey with helicopters far outweigh the disadvantages. Disturbance may be less than that caused by entering on foot. Statistical validity is greatly increased as is understanding of the gestalt of the population. Although other raptors may react in a different manner to helicopter observations, our impressions are that little damage is done by aerial vehicles used in the manner we have described for collecting data from the raptor species we have mentioned. Additionally one should be aware that although the cost, on a per hour basis, for helicopters may be considered expensive, it may prove no more expensive than the cost of outfitting and supporting a field party when the differential of time and efficiency are compared.
G-00385-2002.R2 1 Enteral non-essential amino acids stimulate protein synthesis and glutamine decreases ubiquitin mRNA level in human gut mucosa

The effects of glutamine on whole body and intestinal protein synthesis and on intestinal proteolysis were assessed in humans. Two groups of healthy volunteers received in a random order enteral glutamine (0.8mmol.kg.h) compared either to saline, or isonitrogenous amino acids. Intravenous [H5]-phenylalanine and [C]-leucine were simultaneously infused. After GC-MS analysis, whole body protein turnover was estimated from traced plasma amino acids fluxes and the fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of gut mucosal protein was calculated from protein and intracellular phenylalanine and leucine enrichments in duodenal biopsies. The mRNA levels for ubiquitin, cathepsin D and m-calpain were analysed in biopsies by RT-PCR. Glutamine significantly increased mucosal protein FSR as compared to saline. Glutamine and amino acids had similar effects on FSR. The mRNA level for ubiquitin was significantly decreased after glutamine infusion as compared both to saline and amino acids, while cathepsin D and m-calpain mRNA levels were not affected. Enteral glutamine stimulates mucosal protein synthesis and may attenuate ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, and thus improve protein balance in human gut.
Inference Methods for Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) has seen a huge number of works surrounding it in recent years in the machine learning and text mining communities. Numerous inference algorithms for the model have been introduced, each with its trade-offs. In this survey, we investigate some of the main strategies that have been applied to inference in this model and summarize the current state-of-the-art in LDA inference methods
Online Learning and Online Convex Optimization

Online learning is a well established learning paradigm which has both theoretical and practical appeals. The goal of online learning is to make a sequence of accurate predictions given knowledge of the correct answer to previous prediction tasks and possibly additional available information. Online learning has been studied in several research fields including game theory, information theory, and machine learning. It also became of great interest to practitioners due the recent emergence of large scale applications such as online advertisement placement and online web ranking. In this survey we provide a modern overview of online learning. Our goal is to give the reader a sense of some of the interesting ideas and in particular to underscore the centrality of convexity in deriving efficient online learning algorithms. We do not mean to be comprehensive but rather to give a high-level, rigorous yet easy to follow, survey.
PPP-Net: Platform-aware Progressive Search for Pareto-optimal Neural Architectures

Recent breakthroughs in Neural Architectural Search (NAS) have achieved stateof-the-art performances in many applications such as image recognition. However, these techniques typically ignore platform-related constrictions (e.g., inference time and power consumptions) that can be critical for portable devices with limited computing resources. We propose PPP-Net: a multi-objective architectural search framework to automatically generate networks that achieve Pareto Optimality. PPP-Net employs a compact search space inspired by operations used in state-of-the-art mobile CNNs. PPP-Net has also adopted the progressive search strategy used in a recent literature (Liu et al. (2017a)). Experimental results demonstrate that PPP-Net achieves better performances in both (a) higher accuracy and (b) shorter inference time, comparing to the state-of-the-art CondenseNet.
Factors affecting species delimitations with the GMYC model: insights from a butterfly survey

The generalized mixed Yule‐coalescent (GMYC) model has become one of the most popular approaches for species delimitation based on single‐locus data, and it is widely used in biodiversity assessments and phylogenetic community ecology. We here examine an array of factors affecting GMYC resolution (tree reconstruction method, taxon sampling coverage/taxon richness and geographic sampling intensity/geographic scale). We test GMYC performance based on empirical data (DNA barcoding of the Romanian butterflies) on a solid taxonomic framework (i.e. all species are thought to be described and can be determined with independent sources of evidence). The data set is comprehensive (176 species), and intensely and homogeneously sampled (1303 samples representing the main populations of butterflies in this country). Taxonomy was assessed based on morphology, including linear and geometric morphometry when needed. The number of GMYC entities obtained constantly exceeds the total number of morphospecies in the data set. We show that c. 80% of the species studied are recognized as entities by GMYC. Interestingly, we show that this percentage is practically the maximum that a single‐threshold method can provide for this data set. Thus, the c. 20% of failures are attributable to intrinsic properties of the COI polymorphism: overlap in inter‐ and intraspecific divergences and non‐monophyly of the species likely because of introgression or lack of independent lineage sorting. Our results demonstrate that this method is remarkably stable under a wide array of circumstances, including most phylogenetic reconstruction methods, high singleton presence (up to 95%), taxon richness (above five species) and the presence of gaps in intraspecific sampling coverage (removal of intermediate haplotypes). Hence, the method is useful to designate an optimal divergence threshold in an objective manner and to pinpoint potential cryptic species that are worth being studied in detail. However, the existence of a substantial percentage of species wrongly delimited indicates that GMYC cannot be used as sufficient evidence for evaluating the specific status of particular cases without additional data. Finally, we provide a set of guidelines to maximize efficiency in GMYC analyses and discuss the range of studies that can take advantage of the method.
Smart Grid HAN Accountability with Varying Consumption Devices

Smart grid is an emerging power infrastructure that integrates the newest communication and information technology. Along with the advent of newer technologies, security challenges have never been encountered before. Among the principals for securing these infrastructures, accountability is one with few studies in smart grid literature. This paper will ensure greater accountability of devices in the home area network (HAN) by providing an algorithm to more accurately calculate and estimate the energy consumption of devices whose consumption varies while it is powered on. Analysis and simulations will show that the method is effective.
GA-Enhanced ADS-Based Approach for Array Thinning

This study proposes a genetic algorithm (GA)-enhanced almost difference set (ADS)-based methodology to design thinned linear arrays with low-peak sidelobe levels (PSLs). The method allows one to overcome the limitations of the standard ADS approach in terms of flexibility and performances. The numerical validation, carried out in the far-field and for narrow-band signals, points out that with affordable computational efforts it is possible to design array arrangements that outperform standard ADS-based designs as well as standard GA approaches. "This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is available at IET Digital Library: http://ieeexplore.ieee. org/xpls/abs_all. jsp? arnumber=5714040"
Composition and sources of sedimentary organic matter in the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea

Abstract. Surface sediments collected from deep slopes and basins (1018–4087 m depth) of the oligotrophic eastern Mediterranean Sea have been analysed for bulk elemental and isotopic composition of organic carbon, total nitrogen and selected lipid biomarkers, jointly with grain size distribution and other geochemical proxies. The distribution and sources of sedimentary organic matter (OM) have been subsequently assessed and general environmental variables, such as water column depth and physical circulation patterns, have been examined as causative factors of deep-sea sediment characteristics. Lithogenic and biogenic carbonates are the dominant sedimentary fractions, accounting for up to 85.4 and 66.5 % of the total weight respectively. The low OC and TN contents in the surface sediments of the study area, which ranged from 0.15 to 1.15 % and 0.06 to 0.11 % respectively, reflect the oligotrophic character of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Both bulk and molecular organic tracers reflect a mixed contribution from autochthonous and allochthonous sources for the sedimentary OM, as indicated by relatively degraded marine OM, terrestrial plant waxes and anthropogenic OM (e.g. degraded petroleum by-products) respectively. Wide regional variations have been observed amongst the studied proxies, which reflect the multiple factors controlling sedimentation in the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea. Our findings highlight the role of deep eastern Mediterranean basins as depocentres of organic-rich fine-grained sediments (mean 5.4 ± 2.4 μm), with OM accumulation and burial being attributed to aggregation mechanisms and hydrodynamic sorting. A multi-proxy approach is applied aiming to investigate the biogeochemical composition of sediment samples, which sheds new light on the sources and transport mechanisms along with the impact of preservation vs. diagenetic processes on the composition of sedimentary OM in the deep basins of the oligotrophic eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Mood Disorders and Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for 29% of global deaths, making it the leading cause of mortality worldwide. In 2004, 17.1 million people died from CVD and this number is expected to increase to 23.6 million by 2030 (World Health Organization, 2007). The most important mechanism contributing to the development and progression of CVD is atherosclerosis, the process by which fatty plaques accumulate on the inner walls of arteries, leading to their narrowing and loss of elasticity. This process is thought to generally begin with damage to the vascular endothelium, which is a layer of cells lining the vascular wall. The endothelium plays a critical role in many important functions, such as the dilation and constriction of blood vessels and arteries, thrombus (blood clot) formation, and inflammation (Quyyumi, 2003). When damage to the endothelium occurs, low-densitylipoproteins (LDL’s), commonly known as “bad” cholesterol, permeate the endothelial lining, allowing them to enter the inner layer of the arteries. An inflammatory response, the immune system’s attempt to promote self-repair, is triggered. As part of this inflammatory response, macrophages, whose function is to ingest and decompose pathogens found in the body, engulf these LDL particles and form what are called “foam cells”. The accumulation of foam cells in the arterial wall form a “fatty streak”, a yellowish slightly raised area that is the precursor to atherosclerotic plaques. If the endothelium continues to be damaged, triggering an escalation of the inflammatory response, a fibrous cap eventually covers the lesion, forming a hard plaque. The arterial wall calcifies and hardens. The formation of the plaque and the hardening of the artery cause obstruction of blood flow. If a plaque cap is unstable and becomes damaged, a thrombus can form, increasing the risk of a myocardial infarction (heart attack) or stroke (Stanner, 2005), which occur when blood flow to the heart or brain are completely obstructed. Given that endothelial damage and inflammation are so critical to the atherosclerotic process, factors that damage the endothelium or promote the inflammatory response indirectly contribute to atherosclerosis and therefore CVD.
Genetic and Environmental Associations Between Child Personality and Parenting

Parenting is often conceptualized in terms of its effects on offspring. However, children may also play an active role in influencing the parenting they receive. Simple correlations between parenting and child outcomes may be due to parent-to-child causation, child-to-parent causation, or some combination of the two. We use a multirater, genetically informative, large sample (n = 1,411 twin sets) to gain traction on this issue as it relates to parental warmth and stress in the context of child Big Five personality. Considerable variance in parental warmth (27%) and stress (45%) was attributable to child genetic influences on parenting. Incorporating child Big Five personality into the model roughly explained half of this variance. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that parents mold their parenting in response to their child’s personality. Residual heritability of parenting is likely due to child characteristics beyond the Big Five.
Retroperitoneal versus Transperitoneal Approach for Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.

1988年 から1991年 の腹部大動脈瘤手術231例 中, 待機的に行った定型的Y字 型人工血管置換術症例 132例 を対象に, 開腹法 (51例) と腹膜外到達法 (81例) の手術成績を比較検討した. 両群間の手術時間, 術中出血量, 術中輸血量, 総輸血量, 自己血輸血量は有意な差がなかった. 術後挿管時間, 術後鎮痛 剤の使用回数, 術後入院日数は有意な差がなかった. 術後胃管排液量は開腹群で有意に多 く, 飲水開 始までの日数, 食事開始 までの日数は開腹群で有意に長かった. 胸腹部に遺残 した瘤のある症例, 両 側総腸骨動脈瘤症例, 心疾患合併症例は開腹法のよい適応であるが, それ以外の待機的腹部大動脈瘤 手術においては, 腹膜外到達法は術後の腸管蠕動の回復が早 く, 第一選択とするのが望ましいと考え られた. 日心外会誌24巻2号: 85-88 (1995)