Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why Is Tax Knowledge and Tax Understanding Important?

Micro, small, and medium (MSMEs) business play a crucial role in the economy of Indonesia. Unfortunately, there is low-income tax receipt from MSME sectors. This study examined the effect of taxation knowledge and understanding toward tax compliance among MSMEs owners, exclusively culinary business owners. The quantitative method was used in analyzing the data collected. The sample size for the research was 50, with all MSME owners responded through the questionnaire distributed. This study concluded that there is a positive effect between taxation knowledge and level of understanding toward tax compliance. It means that an increase in tax knowledge and tax understanding level can lead to an increase of tax compliance level. Although this study succeeded to prove the effect between variables, the results of secondary data indicate that many MSME owners are still confused in implementing tax regulations, PP-23/2018.
How Do Students’ Mindsets in Learning Reflect their Cultural Values and Predict Academic Achievement?

Inspired by previous research indicating implicit beliefs about the malleability of human qualities, namely mindset, to affect learning outcomes, this article compares how Chinese and Finnish students’ mindsets and attributions for success reflect their cultural values and predict their academic achievement. The study was conducted in one Chinese (N=705) and two Finnish (N=495) middle schools utilizing Dweck’s mindset inventory, Weiner’s attribution scale and students’ school marks. The results illustrated that both Chinese and Finnish students held a growth mindset, and all identified the nature of intelligence as being more malleable than giftedness. However, Chinese students did not differentiate between intelligence and giftedness as clearly as Finnish students. Both students attributed the cause of their academic achievements to effort and ability, but placed more emphasis on effort. Furthermore, Chinese students’ preference for effort significantly accounted for higher language marks, whereas Finnish students with fixed mindsets about giftedness achieved higher mathematics marks. Cultural interpretation, implications and limitations of the results were discussed. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18. 5.8
Transportation of liquid and sand in open trays

Herein there are theoretical dispositions on the conditions of the fluid flow and sand transportation within a wide range of rates. The results of some exploratory research on the sand transport in specially designed laboratory and production benches, including a platform with interchangeable modular polymer elements having an artificial rough surface, have been presented. The ranges of the experiment procedure have been established to create the turbulence zones, where the tray inner surfaces are of various texture in the form of obstacles of different height. The technique has been presented for carrying out experiments on large-size benches with modular pipe elements based on the use of photo and film equipment, as well as a set of devices for determining rates, filling and slopes. The results of hydraulic experiments on modeling the process of vortex formation in the flow in the trays with artificial roughness are presented. The ability of the flow to move sand dunes in the trays with an alternative texture of the inner surface has been studied, and the design data of the quantitative assessment of the transporting ability of the flow depending on various factors has been given.
EFFECTS OF N-ACETYL-CYSTEINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON EX-VIVO CLONOGENICITY AND OXIDATIVE PROFILE OF LINEAGE-COMMITTED HEMATOPOIETIC STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are exposed to oxidative damage acquired during ex vivo expansion which affects their therapeutic potency. Efforts to overcome this limitation includes the use of antioxidants. The effects of N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) supplementation for 48 hours on maintenance of ex vivo HSPCs was investigated by examining the cell viability at concentrations of 0.125 µM, 0.25 µM, 0.5 µM, 1.0 µM and 2.0 µM, followed by clonogenicity and oxidative status assessments of lineage-committed progenitors (myeloid, erythroid and pre-B lymphoid) at selected NAC concentrations (0.25 µM, 0.5 µM, 2.0 µM). NAC supplementation significantly (p< 0.05) enhanced viability of HSPC at 0.25 µM, 0.5 µM, 2.0 µM. The clonogenicity of each progenitor was not affected as no significant changes of Colony Forming Units (CFUs) counts was noted between NAC-supplemented group than control. NAC showed no significant effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels of respective progenitors as compared to control. Conclusively, NAC shows potential property as antioxidant supplement for ex vivo maintenance of HSPCs by promoting survivability and maintaining clonogenicity.
Comparison of body measurements of beef cows of different breeds

Abstract. Body measurements of 110 beef cows of 9 breeds (Hungarian Simmental, Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Red Angus, Lincoln Red, Shaver, Charolais, Limousin and Blonde d’Aquitaine) were taken in December 2004. The absolute, relative measurements and measurement indices moreover correlations between age, live weight and measurements were evaluated and compared for the mentioned breeds. Animals in study were born between 1989 and 2002, kept on the same condition on peat-bog soil pasture at Keszthely. Significant differences (P The correlations between live weight and measurements were medium or strong positive (r = 0.40–0.83), between age and measurements slight positive (r = 0.01–0.46), among the different measurements medium or strong positive (r = 0.22–0.81).
Towards a New Keynesian Theory of the Price Level

Modifying the standard New-Keynesian model to replace firms’ full information and sticky prices with flexible prices and dispersed information, and imposing mild and plausible restrictions on the monetary authority’s decision rule, produces the striking results that (i) there exists a unique and globally stable steady-state rate of inflation, despite the possibility of a lower bound on nominal interest rates; and (ii) in the vicinity of steady-state, the price level is determinate (and not just the rate of inflation), despite the central bank targeting inflation. The specification of firms’ signal extraction problem under dispersed information removes the need to make use of Blanchard-Kahn conditions to solve the model, thereby removing the need to adhere to the Taylor principle and consequently circumventing the critique of Cochrane (2011). The model admits a determinate, stable solution with no role for sunspot shocks when the monetary authority responds by less than one-for-one to changes in expected inflation, including under an interest rate peg. An extension to include incomplete information on the part of the central bank permits the consideration of (rational) errors of judgement on the part of policymakers and provides a theoretical basis for inertial policymaking without interest rate smoothing, in support of Rudebusch (2002, 2006).
WEB BUILDING BEHAVIOR AND THE PHYLOGENY OF AUSTROCHILINE SPIDERS

Abstract We report on the natural history and web building behavior of the South American austrochilids Thaida peculiaris and Austrochilus forsteri, relatively basal lineages within Araneomorphae. Species of these two cribellate genera construct large, two-dimensional sheet webs with a funnel retreat. When combing cribellate silk, austrochilids use both fourth legs, like entelegyne spiders, and unlike Hypochilidae and Filistatidae. Furthermore, the alternancy of combing legs IV is determined by the leg III involved in the attachment of a cribellate segment; the leg IV ipsilateral to the leg III that made the attachment will comb the next segment, except for the first segment. This similarity to Entelegynae in combing with both fourth legs contradicts current hypotheses of basal araneomorph relationships and suggests that the Austrochilidae may be the sister group of entelegyne spiders.
Attitudes and knowledge level of teachers in ICT use: The case of Turkish teachers

This research aims to determine teachers' influence in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) at schools. Various variables are examined such as years of experience, gender, the duration of computer and Internet use, and to determine the attitude, level of knowledge on and the frequency of ICT use among teachers. The study was conducted with 1540 primary school teachers using Knowledge, Use and Attitude Scales of ICT. The results show that the most commonly used and well-known ICT types among teachers are the Internet, e-mail and word processing, and teachers' attitudes towards computers and the Internet are generally positive. It was also found that their attitudes vary with their years of experience and levels of knowledge.
Identification of Nest Predators by Photography, Dummy Eggs, and Adhesive Tape

Predation of the eggs and nestlings of birds (nest predation) is thought to be the prime cause of nest failure in most species (Lack 1954, Nice 1957, Skutch 1966, Ricklefs 1969, Best 1978, Best and Stauffer 1980, Nilsson 1986), but the culprit is rarely recorded. Predation is rarely observed because acts of predation are distributed over a long period of time and occur quickly (Skutch 1966, Best 1974). The vast majority of these observations have been restricted to daylight hours and may also be unreliable because the presence of an observer may discourage or attract certain predators (Bart 1977, Lenington 1979, Westmoreland and Best 1985, Major 1990). Inference of predator identity from the presence of potential predators is neither conclusive nor relevant to the relative im-
Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Lower Cretaceous sediments in the Outer Western Carpathians (Silesian Unit, Czech Republic)

Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Lower Cretaceous sediments in the Outer Western Carpathians (Silesian Unit, Czech Republic) Almost black shale filling fissures in the Štramberk Limestone belonging to the Silesian Unit, Outer Western Carpathians contain prolific and poorly to moderately well preserved spores, pollen, organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts, foraminifers, and calcareous nannofossils. A detailed micropaleontological analysis of the proved stratigraphical interval from the Valanginian to the Albian indicated sedimentary conditions of brackish, restricted marine, shallow-marine and neritic sedimentation. Moreover, it drew attention to occasional influence from the Boreal province in the depositional area of the NW part of Tethys, especially during the Early Valanginian and Hauterivian, as supported by the presence of highlatitude nannofossils and organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts. Terrestrial miospores form a significant component of palynoassemblages and give evidence of continent proximity in the Valanginian-Barremian interval. Samples were acquired from isolated fissure fills in the Štramberk Limestone and, therefore, they do not represent a continuous section.
Depreciation Rates in a Transition Economy: Evidence from Czech Panel Data

This paper examines industrial differences in depreciation rates and the suitability of financial data for a microeconomic analysis. Depreciation is a main source of enterprise investment and serves as a source for replacement of obsolete or used-up capital. The findings on capital structure in this paper are consistent with the common view that heavy industry firms have long-life capital while firms operating in electronics, or light industry as a whole, have a capital structure containing a higher portion of a short-life capital. Also, larger firms are more likely to have a higher portion of long-life capital, like real estate. The last conclusion drawn from this analysis is that certain types of financial data might be highly influenced by seasonal effects which could operate as a measurement error and therefore distort estimates which are sensitive to measurement error.
Effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy on the rate of symptoms and mindfulness in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders that can often continue through adolescence and adulthood. Different treatment methods have been used so far for treating this disorder. In recent years, mindfulness-based treatment approaches have attracted the attention of researchers. This research aims to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based treatment on the symptoms of ADHD and mindfulness score in adolescents suffering from ADHD. Â Materials and Methods: The present research is a clinical trial research with pretest-posttest design and control group (IRCT code: IRCT2016011826079N1). The study sample included 30 female first and second grade high school students in Gonabad suffering from ADHD. The tools used in the research included clinical interview, SNAP-IV Parent Rating Scale, and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of mindfulness-based treatments and the control group was assigned to a waiting list. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and univariate analysis of covariance by SPSS version 20 software. Â Results: According to our findings, the experimental group reported fewer symptoms of ADHD in posttest (P<0.001) compared to the control group. Moreover, the mindfulness of the experimental group improved in the posttest (P<0.001) compared to the control group. Â Conclusion: The results of the research show that mindfulness-based treatment improved the symptoms of ADHD and mindfulness in adolescents suffering from ADHD.
Wise Schooling Strategies and Their Impact on African American Students’ Task Motivation and Perceptions of Professor Bias by Joylynn

Joylynn T. Miller. Wise Schooling Strategies and Their Impact on African American Students’ Task Motivation and Perceptions of Professor Bias. (Under the direction of Ann C. Schulte, PhD) The purposes of this study were to: (a) examine the impact of two “wise schooling” strategies on the academic motivation of African American students, (b) examine the impact of “wise schooling” strategies on students’ perceptions of professor bias, and (c) examine what role students’ level of academic identification plays in their response to “wise schooling” strategies. For the sample of 60 African American undergraduate students, the study used an analogue format in which three randomly assigned groups of students indicated how they would respond to three different types of feedback critical of their writing from a White English professor. Students completed measures assessing their academic identification and their academic motivation and perceived professor bias in response to critical feedback. This study tested predictions based on the literature of the stereotype threat and “wise schooling” theory. It was hypothesized that students receiving “wise schooling” feedback would report higher academic motivation and lower perceptions of professor bias that students’ receiving neutral feedback. It was predicted that there would be significant relationships among the academic identification, academic motivation, and perceptions of bias measures. It was also hypothesized that students with high identification with English would have higher motivation and lower perceptions of bias when receiving either of the “wise schooling” strategies. Results indicated that wise critical feedback increased or maintained African American students’ motivation in the face of negative feedback. However, neither of the “wise schooling” feedback strategies were found to lower students’ perceptions of professor bias when receiving negative feedback. With regard to students’ academic identification, students’ level of academic identification with English was not related to their academic motivation or perceptions of bias. Additionally, students with high academic identification were not found to have higher academic motivation or lower perceptions of professor bias when receiving either of the “wise schooling” strategies. Implications for practice and future research are presented. Wise Schooling Strategies and Their Impact on African American Students’ Task Motivation and Perceptions of Professor Bias
Avoiding the Resource Curse: The Role of Institutions

This paper investigates empirically whether the natural resource curse exists and if institutions can help alleviate this curse. Both cross-country and dynamic panel regressions confirm the important role of institutional quality (measured by either institutional design or institutional performance) in turning natural resources into an economic boon. In terms of influencing the impact of natural resource abundance on growth, a democratic governance system is better than a non-democratic one, a parliamentary democracy is superior to a presidential democracy and, although a majoritarian system tends to contribute more to growth, it suffers more from the resource curse than a proportional system.
Wind contribution to yearly silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) compression wood development in the Romanian Carpathians

Abstract: Since the 1950s, wind has represented one of the main disturbances to forest ecosystems in Europe, causing an increase in the frequency and amount of trees uprooted or broken by wind. Such phenomenon has also increased the incidence of compression wood in the xylem of remnant trees, thus leading to a general decrease in timber quality. In this study, we aimed to determine how wind regime affects the incidence of compression wood by reconstructing its chronology at both inter- and intra-annual scale using dendroclimatic methods. Six silver fir stands at different elevations were selected in central Romania, and compression wood time series were obtained from both increment cores from standing trees and radial discs from felled trees. Wood-structure variables were statistically analyzed as time series, while fluctuations of wind frequency and speed over the period 1921-present were reconstructed based on meteorological data. The structural response of sampled trees to wind was assessed based on the annual fluctuation in the frequency and intensity of compression wood. Results showed that the incidence of compression wood in the time series was synchronized with the intensity of the wind, rather than its duration. Wind regime in December of the preceding calendar year was significantly correlated with the frequency of compression wood, whereas its intensity was significantly correlated with wind load of previous September. The response of cambium to the wind stimulus increased with distance from the tree collar, peaking in the section at the base of the crown. At a decennial scale, only high-intensity wind stress triggered structural responses in the studied trees. Wind effects on xylogenesis in the analyzed stands increased over the last decades as a consequence of the local forest management. A better understanding of the structural response of forest trees to wind regime may explain how individual and groups of trees compete for stability and can help to improve forest management strategies in windy regions.
Characterizing bird migration phenology using data from standardized monitoring at bird observatories

Long-term data from standardized monitoring programmes at bird observatories are becoming increasingly available. These data are frequently used for detecting changes in the timing of bird migration that may relate to recent climate change. We present an overview of problematic issues in the analysis of these data, and review approaches to and methods for characterizing bird migration phenology and its change over time. Methods are illustrated and briefly compared using autumn data on garden warbler Sylvia borin from a standardized mist-netting programme at Lista bird observatory, southern Norway. Bird migration phenology is usually characterized rather coarsely using a small number of sample statistics such as mean, median and selected quantiles. We present 2 alternative approaches. Smoothing methods describe the within-season pattern in the data at an arbitrary level of detail, while fitting a parametric seasonal distribution curve offers a coarse description of migration phenology relatively robust to sampling effects. Various methods for analyzing linear trends in the timing of bird migration are reviewed and discussed. Exploratory studies using long-term data gathered at bird observatories can yield more detailed insight into the phenomenon of bird migration and how phenologies relate to climate. Methodological advances are needed, particularly in order to better characterize the shape of phenological distributions and separate between sampling effects and 'true' phenology.
A property of conformally Hamiltonian vector fields; application to the Kepler problem

Let $X$ be a Hamiltonian vector field defined on a symplectic manifold $(M,\omega)$, $g$ a nowhere vanishing smooth function defined on an open dense subset $M^0$ of $M$. We will say that the vector field $Y = gX$ is conformally Hamiltonian. We prove that when $X$ is complete, when $Y$ is Hamiltonian with respect to another symplectic form $\omega_2$ defined on $M^0$, and when another technical condition is satisfied, there exists a symplectic diffeomorphism from $(M^0,\omega_2)$ onto an open subset of $(M,\omega)$, equivariant with respect to the flows of the vector fields $Y$ on $M^0$ and $X$ on $M$. This result explains why the diffeomorphism of the phase space of the Kepler problem restricted to the negative (resp. positive) values of the energy function, onto an open subset of the cotangent bundle to a three-dimensional sphere (resp. two-sheeted hyperboloid), discovered by Gy\"orgyi (1968) [9], re-discovered by Ligon and Schaaf (1976) [15], whose properties were discussed by Cushman and Duistermaat (1997) [5], is a symplectic diffeomorphism. Infinitesimal symmetries of the Ke- pler problem are discussed, and it is shown that their space is a Lie algebroid with zero anchor map rather than a Lie algebra.
The Standardization of YucatanSpanish: Family Case Studies in Izamal and Mérida

Yucatan Spanish (YS), a regional variety in contact with Yucatec Maya, has been identified by various researchers as one of the dialects of Latin American Spanish most likely to exhibit indigenous language influence (Lope Blanch, 1987; Lipski, 2004; Klee, 2009). Studies have also indicated that YS is undergoing rapid standardization to a general Mexican or pan-Hispanic norm (Klee, 2009; Michnowicz, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, in press). As Klee (2009, p. 48) notes, the same pattern is found
ON “VERY PALINDROMIC” SEQUENCES

We consider the problem of characterizing the palindromic sequences 〈cd−1, cd−2, . , c0〉, cd−1 6= 0, having the property that for any K ∈ N there exists a number that is a palindrome simultaneously in K different bases, with 〈cd−1, cd−2, . , c0〉 being its digit sequence in one of those bases. Since each number is trivially a palindrome in all bases greater than itself, we impose the restriction that only palindromes with at least two digits are taken into account. We further consider a related problem, where we count only palindromes with a fixed number of digits (that is, d). The first problem turns out not to be very hard; we show that all the palindromic sequences have the required property, even with the additional point that we can actually restrict the counted palindromes to have at least d digits. The second one is quite tougher; we show that all the palindromic sequences of length d = 3 have the required property (and the same holds for d = 2, based on some earlier results), while for larger values of d we present some arguments showing that this tendency is quite likely to change. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 11A63