Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Current Genomic Landscape of Western South America: Andes, Amazonia, and Pacific Coast

Abstract Studies of Native South American genetic diversity have helped to shed light on the peopling and differentiation of the continent, but available data are sparse for the major ecogeographic domains. These include the Pacific Coast, a potential early migration route; the Andes, home to the most expansive complex societies and to one of the most widely spoken indigenous language families of the continent (Quechua); and Amazonia, with its understudied population structure and rich cultural diversity. Here, we explore the genetic structure of 176 individuals from these three domains, genotyped with the Affymetrix Human Origins array. We infer multiple sources of ancestry within the Native American ancestry component; one with clear predominance on the Coast and in the Andes, and at least two distinct substrates in neighboring Amazonia, including a previously undetected ancestry characteristic of northern Ecuador and Colombia. Amazonian populations are also involved in recent gene-flow with each other and across ecogeographic domains, which does not accord with the traditional view of small, isolated groups. Long-distance genetic connections between speakers of the same language family suggest that indigenous languages here were spread not by cultural contact alone. Finally, Native American populations admixed with post-Columbian European and African sources at different times, with few cases of prolonged isolation. With our results we emphasize the importance of including understudied regions of the continent in high-resolution genetic studies, and we illustrate the potential of SNP chip arrays for informative regional-scale analysis.
Cryo-EM structure of vaccine-elicited antibody 0PV-b.01 in complex with HIV-1 Env BG505 DS-SOSIP and antibodies VRC03 and PGT122

The vaccine-mediated elicitation of antibodies (Abs) capable of neutralizing diverse HIV-1 strains has been a long-standing goal. To understand how broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) can be elicited, we identified, characterized, and tracked five neutralizing Ab lineages targeting the HIV-1-fusion peptide (FP) in vaccinated macaques over time. Genetic and structural analyses revealed two of these lineages to belong to a reproducible class capable of neutralizing up to 59% of 208 diverse viral strains. B cell analysis indicated each of the five lineages to have been initiated and expanded by FP-carrier priming, with envelope (Env)-trimer boosts inducing cross-reactive neutralization. These Abs had binding-energy hotspots focused on FP, whereas several FP-directed Abs induced by immunization with Env trimer-only were less FP-focused and less broadly neutralizing. Priming with a conserved subregion, such as FP, can thus induce Abs with binding-energy hotspots coincident with the target subregion and capable of broad neutralization.
Aboveground phytochemical responses to belowground herbivory in poplar trees and the consequence for leaf herbivore preference.

Belowground herbivory can influence aboveground herbivore performance and food preference via changes in plant chemistry. Most evidence for this phenomenon comes from studies in herbaceous plants but studies on woody plants are scarce. Here we investigated whether and how belowground herbivory on black poplar (Populus nigra) trees by Melolontha melolontha larvae influences the feeding preference of Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) caterpillars. In a food choice assay caterpillars preferred to feed on leaves from trees that had experienced attack by belowground herbivores. Therefore, we investigated the effect of belowground herbivory on the phytochemical composition of P. nigra trees alone and in combination with aboveground feeding by L. dispar caterpillars. Belowground herbivory did not increase systemic aboveground tree defenses like volatile organic compounds, protease inhibitors and salicinoids. Jasmonates and salicylic acid were also not induced by belowground herbivory in leaves but abscisic acid concentrations drastically increased together with proline and few other amino acids. Leaf coating experiments with amino acids suggest that proline might be responsible for the caterpillar feeding preference via presumptive phagostimulatory properties. This study shows that belowground herbivory in poplar can modify the feeding preference of aboveground herbivores via phytochemical changes as a consequence of root to shoot signaling.
Changes in glucose‐lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory factors in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a common organ‐specific autoimmune disorder, and genetic, environmental, and endogenous factors are responsible for initiation of thyroid autoimmunity. Some AITD patients suffer from a certain degree of glucose‐lipid metabolism disorder. This study aims to explore the changes in glucose‐lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory factors in patients with AITD.
Transcription of specific auxin efflux and influx carriers drives auxin homeostasis in tobacco cells.

Auxin concentration gradients are informative for the transduction of many developmental cues, triggering downstream gene expression and other responses. The generation of auxin gradients depends significantly on cell-to-cell auxin transport, which is supported by the activities of auxin efflux and influx carriers. However, at the level of individual plant cell, the co-ordination of auxin efflux and influx largely remains uncharacterized. We addressed this issue by analysing the contribution of canonical PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins to the carrier-mediated auxin efflux in Nicotiana tabacum L. , cv. Bright Yellow (BY-2) tobacco cells. We show here that a majority of canonical NtPINs are transcribed in cultured cells and in planta. Cloning of NtPIN genes and their inducible overexpression in tobacco cells uncovered high auxin efflux activity of NtPIN11, accompanied by auxin starvation symptoms. Auxin transport parameters after NtPIN11 overexpression were further assessed using radiolabelled auxin accumulation and mathematical modelling. Unexpectedly, these experiments showed notable stimulation of auxin influx, which was accompanied by enhanced transcript levels of genes for a specific auxin influx carrier and by decreased transcript levels of other genes for auxin efflux carriers. A similar transcriptional response was observed upon removal of auxin from the culture medium, which resulted in decreased auxin efflux. Overall, our results revealed an auxin transport-based homeostatic mechanism for the maintenance of endogenous auxin levels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems on Depression and Current Suicidal Ideation Through Rumination and Self-Reflection

This study aimed to evaluate direct and indirect effects of the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the behavioral activation system (BAS) on depression and current suicidal ideation through rumination and self-reflection in a sample of suicide attempters. Three hundred suicide attempters completed the Rumination/Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ), the Carver and White BIS/BAS scales, the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI), and the Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II). Results revealed that the BAS and BIS had direct effects on suicidal ideation but not depression. Low BAS had an indirect effect on depression through decreased self-reflection. High BIS had an indirect effect on depression via increased rumination. Low BAS and high BIS had indirect effects on suicidal ideation through decreased self-reflection. The findings suggest that low BAS and high BIS may be associated with depression and suicidal ideation in suicide attempters who have decreased self-reflection and increased rumination. Also, increasing self-reflection and reducing rumination as respectively adaptive and maladaptive self-focused attention strategies may prohibit depression and suicidal ideation.
Nutritious Biscuits for Celiac Patients: Effect of Different Cereals and Legumes Blends

This study was aimed to prepare and evaluate some biscuit products as gluten free products (GFPs) for Celiac disease (CD) patient. Four biscuits including control and three treatments according to raw material content have been prepared. The control (100% wheat flour), B1 (45% yellow corn flour, 35% faba bean flour and 20% corn starch), B2 (45% broken rice flour, 35% chickpea flour and 20% corn starch) and B3 (45% sorghum flour, 35% lima bean flour and 20% corn starch). Chemical composition, mineral content, anti-nutritional factors in addition to sensory properties were evaluated. The results revealed that crude protein contents of different products were 8.29, 9.62, 7.52 and 8.18 g/100g for control, products B1, B2 and B3, respectively. Potassium was the predominant minerals especially in product (B2), which contained the highest contents of potassium (353.47 mg/100g) and sodium (32.71 mg/100g). Phytic acid was ranged from 17.53 to 100.53mg/100g and tannins were ranged from 5.04 to 10.90 mg/100g. Germination, boiling, drying of raw materials and backing process caused increased of protein digestibility, eliminated of anti-nutritional factors and enhanced sensory and nutritional quality. According to sensory evaluation all GFB products were improved significantly compared to control product.
Hollerbach spherical Couette flow Non-axisymmetric instabilities in magnetic

References html#ref-list-1 http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/465/2107/2003.full. This article cites 14 articles Subject collections (50 articles) fluid mechanics  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here the box at the top right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in
Phytochemical Profile , Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Ptychosperma macarthurii and Archontophoenix tukeri Seeds Extracts

Ptychosperma macarthurii and Archontophoenix tuckeri are unexploited and underutilized palms primarily cultivated as ornamentals. The seeds collected from mature fruiting palms were evaluated for phytochemical constituents and biological activity using standard protocols. A. tuckeri seeds contain high amount of alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, tannins, deoxy-sugars, cardiac glycosides and total polyphenols; saponins, tannins and deoxy sugars were dominant in P. elegans seeds. A. tuckeri extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity (MIC, 75 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and S. dysenteria; DPPH radical scavenging (89.59%, 2.0 mg/mL) and iron chelating activity (70.40%, 0.5 mg/mL). The well-endowed phytochemical profile of A. tuckeri seeds is worth exploiting for potential bioactive molecules via bioassay guided isolation.
Inception & ResNet: Same Training, Same Features

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the dominant technology in computer vision today. Unfortunately, it’s not clear how diﬀerent from each other the best CNNs really are. This paper measures the similarity between two well-known CNNs, Inception and ResNet, in terms of the features they extract from images. We ﬁnd that Inception’s features can be well approximated as an aﬃne transformation of ResNet’s features and vice-versa. The similarity between Inception and ResNet features is surprising. Convolutional neural networks learn complex non-linear features of images, and the architectural diﬀerences between the systems suggest that these functions should take diﬀerent forms. Instead, they seem to have converged on similar solutions. This suggests that the selection of the training set may be more important than the selection of the convolutional architecture.
Predicting the p Ka of Small Molecules

The biopharmaceutical profile of a compound depends directly on the dissociation constants of its acidic and basic groups, commonly expressed as the negative decadic logarithm pKa of the acid dissociation constant (Ka). We survey the literature on computational methods to predict the pKa of small molecules. In this, we address data availability (used data sets, data quality, proprietary versus public data), molecular representations (quantum mechanics, descriptors, structured representations), prediction methods (approaches, implementations), as well as pKa-specific issues such as monoand multiprotic compounds. We discuss advantages, problems, recent progress, and challenges in the field.
Antibodies against rickettsiae from spotted fever groups in horses from two mesoregions in the state of Santa Catarina , Brazil

Bacteria of the Rickettsia genus are agents of Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF), a zoonotic disease which is difficult to diagnose, evolves quickly and can result in death. Antibodies against Rickettsia spp. in horses were studied, by means of Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFAT ≥64), in 150 blood samples taken from animals in two Santa Catarina mesoregions (Planalto Serrano and Vale do Itajaí). The overall occurrence of Rickettsia spp. antibodies in horses was 18.66%, with cross-reactivity occurring in all positive samples for at least two of the species tested. Separately, according to the species, 25 (16.66%) samples were positive for R. rickettsii, 15 (10%) for R. parkeri, 22 (14.66%) for R. amblyommii, 23 (15.33%) for R. rhipicephali, 16 (10.66%) for R. bellii and 19 (12.66%) for R. felis. Only two animals resulted in a conclusive serodiagnosis, one for R. bellii and the other for R. rickettsii, at maximum dilutions of 1:4096 and 1:512, respectively. The occurrence of antibodies against Rickettsia spp. in horses from two mesoregions in the state of Santa Catarina indicates the movement of BSF agents in these sentinel animals and confirms the importance of studying spotted fever in the state of Santa Catarina.
Arabic pidgins and Arabic colloquials : a syntactic comparison

In this paper, I will look at the syntactic structure of an Ara bic (stable) pidgin, Turku, and compare it with the syntax of a modern Arabic colloquial, specificall y Cairene Arabic. With this comparison, I would like to investigate the syntactic feasibility of Ver steegh’s (1984) proposal that the modern Arabic colloquials developed from pidginized and creolize d varieties of Classical Arabic. For the comparison, I will use a syntactic model based on Chomsky (19 95). I will introduce the relevant aspects of this model in this paper. Versteegh (1984) claims that the modern Arabic colloquials developed through a process of pidginisation, creolisation and decreolisation: his idea is that e Arabic spoken by the Arab conquerors was pidginised when the conquered people needed to communicate with their conquerors. In the following step, the pidgins that had developed became the input for new -born children of mixed parents, who as a result developed creole varieties of Arabic. After that , continued contact with speakers of the “original” Arabic lead to a process of decreolisation, in wh ich the creole varieties slowly lost many of their creole properties. In this paper, I argue that from a syntactic point of view the p roces Versteegh describes may not be theoretically impossible, but it is actually quite unlik e y. The reason for this is twofold: first, the striking similarities of the (main-stream) Arabic coll oquials,(reference)1 and second, the large differences that I will argue must exist between the colloqu ial dialects and the pidgins that Versteegh claims they derive from. The latter fact makes it unlikely th at in all the places where an Arabic pidgin developed, the decreolisation process lead to such uniform results. In order to demonstrate the major differences that exist bet we n the syntax of Arabic colloquials and Arabic pidgins, I will compare Cairene Colloquial Arabi c with Turku, an Arabic-based pidgin, spoken in Chad and perhaps in the Central Africal Republic in the 19th and early 20th century. The pidgin was originally described in a work written by one Gast on Muraz, a colonial medical commander, around the year 1930. I will base my discussion on the pap r by Tosco and Owens (1993) (henceforth T&O), who have analysed the (unpublished) book by Muraz. Although Turku is obviously not an example of the pidgins tha t Versteegh claims must have existed in the centuries after the Arabic conquests, we can non etheless take it as a reasonable model of those pidgins, because the syntax of the Arabic colloquials resembles the syntax of the spoken Arabic at the time of the conquests. 2 Another reason of course to take a modern pidgin as model is th at we
The European stock market impulse to the US financial crisis :

This study examines how the European stock market reacts to the U.S. financial crisis and the Fed’s policy, changing FFR. Johansen and Juselius cointegration analysis suggests that markets are integrated and there exists a long term relationship between these markets. The Granger causality test indicates that causality runs from US to European stock market. Implementing a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), accounting for monetary and exchange rate policies, we measure the long-run elasticity of the European Stock Market not only to the Fed’s policy, but to the US market indices and the parity of the Euro-dollar exchange rate. The impulse response function and variance decomposition technique suggest that the US stock market indices play prominent role in explaining the European stock market volatility, compared with EU monetary and real variables, highlighting contagion among financial markets. Using both DJ and NASDAQ, our results suggest that the European Stock Market is more sensitive to NASDAQ.
The status of the word-final domain and linguistically-constrained language learning cues

Past experimental and theoretical research have argued that phonological devoicing as a word-final phenomenon only has inherent phonetic motivation to exist utterance-finally and that its presence at lower domain levels is due to analogy (Hock 1991, 1999; Hualde and Eager 2016). This evinces the idea that the word is not a domain tied to phonology inherently. Juxtaposingly, final devoicing (FD) is found phonetically at various prosodic domain levels. Final lengthening (FL) is also found at various prosodic levels, though is explained as only having a push to exist utterance-finally through a process similar to the “slowing down of a machine” or “tempo change.local to the final gesture in the phrase” (Klatt 1976 and Edwards et al. 1991 respectively). The present artificial language learning (ALL) experiment gives evidence that these cues may have an inherent reason for existing at lower domain levels. Participants were exposed to 7 minutes of AL stimulus in one of three conditions: transitional probabilities (TP) or the likelihood that syllables will occur in sequence together, final lengthening (FL) or greater duration of final segments, and final devoicing (FD) or a trailing off of voicing in word-final segments. They were then tested on their ability to segment the AL words out of the speech stream. The results show there is a perceptual effect to having phonetic FL at the right edge of words for listeners, in that it increases novel word segmentation ability above the level of only TPs. The same effect was not found for FD. The FL results indicate that phenomena in the word-final area may be used for perceptual reasons, providing evidence speakers use phonetic effects at the word-level.
Exploring Intentional Behaviour Modifications for Password Typing on Mobile Touchscreen Devices

Behavioural biometric systems are based on the premise that human behaviour is hard to intentionally change and imitate. So far, changing input behaviour has been studied with the goal of supporting mimicry attacks. Going beyond attacks, this paper presents the first study on understanding users’ ability to modify their typing behaviour when entering passwords on smartphones. In a prestudy (N=114), we developed visual text annotations to communicate modifications of typing behaviour (for example, gap between letters indicates how fast to move between keys). In a lab study (N=24), participants entered given passwords with such modification instructions on a smartphone in two sessions a week apart. Our results show that users successfully control and modify typing features (flight time, hold time, touch area, touch-to-key offset), yet certain combinations are challenging. We discuss implications for usability and security of mobile passwords, such as informing behavioural biometrics for password entry, and extending the password space through explicit modifications.
Excessive Liquidity and Asset Price Boom / Bust Cycles

We provide systematic evidence for the association of excessive liquidity and aggregate asset prices during mechanically identified asset price boom/bust episodes for 18 OECD countries since the 1970s, while taking care of the endogeneity of money and credit. Our measures of excessive liquidity allow for frequent velocity shifts as they are derived as structural shocks from VARs in growth rates. Private residential property price developments and excessive liquidity growth during the boom are able to well explain the depth of post-boom recessions. We further suggest that excessive liquidity is a driving factor for real estate prices during boom episodes. During normal times however, the relative predictive power of excessive liquidity seems to shift from asset price inflation to consumer price inflation. The results only hold for broad money based excessive liquidity measures and not for credit based measures.
Provenance Meets Bidirectional Transformations

Bidirectional transformations (bx) manage consistency be-tween different independently-changing data structures, such as software engineering models. Many bx tools construct, exploit, and maintain various auxiliary structures required for correct and efficient consistency management. These data structures seem analogous to provenance in other settings, but their design is often ad hoc and implementation-dependent. However, it is increasingly urgent to rationalize their design and use as first-class explanations , to help users understand complex system behavior. In this paper we explore whether and how these auxiliary structures can already be viewed as forms of provenance, and outline open questions and possible future directions for provenance in bidirectional transformations, and vice versa.
Egg placement habitat selection of cuttlefish , Sepia latimanus ( Sepiidae , Cephalopoda , Mollusca ) in North Sulawesi waters , Indonesia

The availability of suitable egg-laying site will support animal’s reproductive success. This study was intended to gather information on habitat selection of S. latimanus to lay their eggs and to describe possible factors influencing this behavior. This study was carried out in Manado Bay and Lembeh Strait and dive surveys were employed to collect the data. Results showed that there were 8 species of branching corals selected, Acropora microphthalma, A. brugemanni, Porites cylindrica, P. nigrescens, Hydnophora rigida, Echinopora horrida, Merulina scabricula, and Millepora sp. Bioactive compounds found in all selected coralswere also possible factors driving this selection.