Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic Behavior in a Queue and A Model for Network Evolution

This thesis deals with two subjects: strategic behavior in a queue ; evolution of complex networks: In the context of Strategic behavior in a queue, we consider an observable M/M/1 queue and explore: • the regulation of this queue with mixed population of cooperative and non-cooperative customers. We identify the optimal control of cooperative customers in order to maximize the social welfare, while non-cooperative-customers maximize their own welfare. The main results are non-intuitive: First, the optimal control of cooperative-customers is independent of their proportion; Second, the gain of having the ability to control cooperative-customers after they join the queue (instructing them to renege) is relatively small. • inefficiency in this queue. We use the Price-of-Anarchy (PoA) measure, which is the ratio of the optimal social welfare and equilibrium social welfare. We find that the PoA has an odd behavior in two aspects: First, it sharply increases, from 1.5 to 2, as the arrival rate comes close to the service rate; Second, it becomes unbounded exactly when the arrival rate is greater than the service rate, which is odd because the system is always stable. In the context of evolution of complex networks, we suggest a novel approach to modeling network evolution, based on the dynamics of independent Markov chains. The approach demonstrates that a network of complex topology can be composed of identical elements that have independent behavior. Moreover, the evolution is measured in continuous time units, as opposed to other models, where it is measured by a discrete counter of iterations. Our model produces characteristics in agreement with real world networks.
Prehistoric pits , Bronze Age roundhouses , an Iron Age promontory enclosure , Early Historic cist burials and medieval enclosures along the route of the A 92 , Dundee to Arbroath

Evaluation and excavation along the route of the A92 between Dundee and Arbroath uncovered the remains of a variety of archaeological features. These included a possible medieval rectilinear enclosure at Cotside; scattered medieval features at Barry Manse; possible prehistoric features at Carlogie, Mains of Kelly and Three Mile Wood, one of which contained Late Neolithic grooved ware; two Bronze Age roundhouses at Auchrennie; and a promontory enclosure with associated Early Historic burials at Elliot.
Determination of the Critical Period for Weed Control on Potato ( Solanum tuberosum , L . )

Two field experiments were carried out during 2011/12 and 2012/13 winter seasons at the Experimental Farm, of Sakha Agriculture Research Station, Agriculture Research Centre, Kafr El-sheikh Governorate, Egypt clay soil. The experiments were conducted to study the effect of weed competition on growth, yield and yield components of potato; as well as, to determine the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in potatoes. Each experiment comprised twelve treatments, divided into two groups. Each group contained of six treatments. The first group consisted of six weed free treatments from potato planting for different durations as follow; weed free for the whole season and weed free only for 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 weeks from planting. The second group consisted of six weed competition period treatments from potato planting for different durations as follows; weed competition for the whole season and weed competition only for 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 weeks from planting. The main findings of this work showed that the effect of weed competition on potato tuber yield started about 15 days after planting and continued until about 70 days after planting. At this period (10 weeks from planting), The effect of the weed competition to potato plants reached its maximum effect on the studied characters; i.e., average number of tubers per plant, average tuber weight, number of tubers/10 kg, plant height (cm), average number of main stems / plant, tuber grading index, tuber shape index, tuber dry matter %, starch %, and tuber specific gravity all these characters were decreased. Weed competition for the whole season reduced the potato yield by 61.4% and 74% under 10.250 and 2.05 kg/m of total fresh weight of weeds in 2011/12 and 2012/13 winter seasons respectively. The beginning and the end of the critical period of weed control in potato CPWC was based on 10% tuber yield loss. The onset period of the CPWC started from 2 weeks after planting. The end of the CPWC was at10 weeks after planting. So, under these conditions of this study, the obtained results showed that weed control strategies in potato planting should be during this period (2 WAP until 10 WAP).
Gippsland Basin 3D forward modelling in Badlands

Summary The Gippsland basin geological history is modelled using the Badlands software constrained by a realistic 3D structural and stratigraphic model built in Petrel. The aim is to assess and calibrate the theoretical tectonic and sedimentary models using empirical data for a rift basin. The theoretical models are used to assess and measure the relative effect of significant variables for sedimentary basins, including climate, extension, subsidence, uplift, erosion and sedimentation. The modelling results indicate several insights for the Gippsland Basin. The initial paleo-topography at ~145 Ma was an extensive highland area. The Early Cretaceous paleo-environment was intracratonic, with sediment transport from east to west, and at some stage included an inland sea. The Mid Cretaceous uplift caused emergence of the entire basin, substantial regional erosion and changed the basin architecture. Subsidence associated with Tasman Sea rifting formed the Central Deep and flipped the fluvial paleo-drainage system towards the east. Latrobe Group sediments filled the basin being progressively transgressed by rising sea level to flood most areas by the Oligocene. The models simulate the progradation of the carbonate shelf sediments, sub-marine channels and anticlines over the basin since then.
Intercropping System of Maize with Different Winter Vegetables

The experiment was conducted at farmers’ fields of Hqripur in Dauadkandiupzilla underOnFarm Research Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Comilla during the rabi seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14 toevaluate the performance of maizeunder intercropping with different winter vegetables. The experiment comprised of four treatments viz., Maize + Spinach, Maize + Red amaranth, Maize + Coriander and Sole maize with four replications. Results revealed that each of maizevegetables intercropping combinations showed superior in terms of gross return,net return, BCR and Maize equivalent yield (MEY) over sole cropping of maize. The highest grain yield of maize (9.61 t ha) was obtained fromMaize + coriander due to the highest contribution of yield contributing characters and lowest (7.8 t ha) yield was received from the treatment of maize + red amaranth intercropping system, where the sole maize produced second highest yield.The highest Maize equivalent yield (12.85 t ha), gross return (Tk. 128500 ha), net return (Tk. 80080 ha) and BCR (2.65) were found in the intercropping system Maize + Spinach which indicated the advantage of intercropping over the sole Maize cropping.
Analysis of Human Germ Cells in Individuals with Somatic Chromosome Abnormality

ABC Fax + 41 61 306 12 34 E-mail karger@karger.ch www.karger. com © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel 1424–8581/05/1114–0310$22.00/0 Accessible online at: www.karger. com/cgr Abstract. The most common type of karyotype abnormality detected in infertile subjects is represented by Klinefelter’s syndrome, and the most frequent non-chromosomal alteration is represented by Y chromosome long arm microdeletions. Here we report our experience and a review of the literature on sperm sex chromosome aneuploidies in these two conditions. Non mosaic 47,XXY Klinefelter patients (12 subjects) show a significantly lower percentage of normal Y-bearing sperm and slightly higher percentage of normal X-bearing sperm. Consistent with the hypothesis that 47,XXY germ cells may undergo and complete meiosis, aneuploidy rate for XXand XY-disomies is also increased with respect to controls, whereas the percentage of YY-disomies is normal. Aneuploidy rates in men with mosaic 47,XXY/46,XY (11 subjects) are lower than those observed in men with non-mosaic Klinefelter’s syndrome, and only the frequency of XY-disomic sperm is significantly higher with respect to controls. Although the great majority of children born by intracytoplasmic sperm injection from Klinefelter subjects are chromosomally normal, the risk of producing offspring with chromosome aneuploidies is significant. Men with Y chromosome microdeletions (14 subjects) showed a reduction of normal Y-bearing sperm, and an increase in nullisomic and XY-disomic sperm, suggesting an instability of the deleted Y chromosome causing its loss in germ cells, and meiotic alterations leading to XY non-disjunction. Intracytoplasmic injection of sperm from Y-deleted men will therefore transmit the deletion to male children, and therefore the spermatogenic impairment, but raises also concerns of generating 45,X and 47,XXY embryos.
The water footprint of the sugarcane agro-industry in the Northeast region of Brazil

The water footprint (WF) is an important indicator for water management, as it identifies the amount of water used directly and indirectly by a consumer or a product. The objective of this study is to analyze the sugarcane industry's WF in Brazil's Northeast region for the 2016/17 and 2017/18 harvest seasons. The blue, green and grey WFs of sugarcane were quantified, as well as the blue WFs of the production processes of ethanol and sugar, the main subproducts of sugarcane for both harvests. The work was carried out in an area with 18.42 hectares of sugarcane crops under sprinkler irrigation. The process of sugarcane production and use of pesticides was surveyed and meteorological data for the production period was collected. Right after, mathematical models were used to estimate the blue, green and grey WFs. The WF of the sugarcane was found to be 2,364.87 m³ t-1 and 1,043.92 m³ t-1 for the first and second harvest, respectively. The grey WF made up the largest part of this value, mostly due to use of the pesticides Diuron 800 and Imazapic. The processes of ethanol and sugar production, meanwhile, were found to have a blue WF of approximately 10 m³ t-1 and 5 m³ t-1, respectively. From these results, we can conclude that the WF is an effective indicator for monitoring water use in the production cycle of sugarcane and its subproducts, and that the use of fewer polluting pesticides would aid in reducing the WF of this cycle.
ormonal and behavioral patterns of reproduction in female ylobatids ichelle

Ovarian cyclicity, reproductive behavior, and gestation length were characterized in female hylobatids using non-invasive fecal steroid analyses and behavioral data. Progestagen metabolites were quantified in fecal samples collected for 3 months from seven females housed at seven North American zoological institutions. Mean (±SEM) ovarian cycle length was 23.1 ± 1.5 days (seven females; 22 cycles) and was similar across individuals and species (range: 15.3–27.3 days). Gestation length in white-cheeked gibbons was 191 ± 7.0 days (n = 2), and female-initiated reproductive behavior occurred throughout the ovarian cycle for each individual. This was the first study of its kind to use fecal hormone metabolite analysis in combination with behavioral observations to characterize female varian cycle ecal steroids reproductive traits for various hylobatid species. These results contribute to our general knowledge of the basic biology of hylobatids, highlight the importance of evaluating both hormonal and behavioral information, and assist the management and breeding of zoohoused populations of these endangered primates to support overall conservation efforts.
The Effects of Gender and Parental Occupation in the Apprenticeship Market: An Experimental Evaluation

This study investigates the effects of applicant gender and parental occupation on callback rates in the Swiss apprenticeship market, i.e. invitations to an interview or trial apprenticeship. It sheds light on the question of whether employer behaviour in terms of callbacks contributes to occupational segregation, i.e. differences in occupational choices across gender and socio-economic status, when considering the earliest point of entry into the labor market. We ran a correspondence test and sent out fictitious job applications with randomized gender and parental occupation to apprenticeship vacancies in several Swiss regions. We generally find no robust evidence for a differential treatment by employers, as gender and parental occupation do not statistically significantly affect callback rates in most cases. The one exception is stating father’s occupation to be university professor, which statistically significantly boots call backs for female applications even when accounting for multiple hypothesis testing, but not for male applications. This suggests that applications should ideally not reveal socio-economic information. JEL Classification: C93, J16, J71
IMITATING SIRI: SOCIALLY-MEDIATED VOCAL ALIGNMENT TO DEVICE AND HUMAN VOICES

The current study explores the extent to which humans vocally align to digital device voices (i.e., Apple’s Siri) and human voices. First, participants shadowed word productions by 4 model talkers: a female and a male digital device voice, and a female and a male real human voice. Second, an independent group of raters completed an AXB task assessing perceptual similarity between imitators’ preand post-exposure items to model talkers’ productions. Results show that people do imitate device voices, but to a lesser degree than they imitate real human voices. Furthermore, similar social factors mediated vocal imitation toward both device and human voices: people imitated male device and human voices to a greater extent than female device and human voices.
The Effect of Experimentally Induced Vitamin E and Selenium Deficiency on Erythrocytes Osmotic Fragility and Phagocytosis in Pregnant Awassi Ewes and Their Newborn Lambs

811 The Effect of Experimentally Induced Vitamin E and Selenium Deficiency on Erythrocytes Osmotic Fragility and Phagocytosis in Pregnant Awassi Ewes and Their Newborn Lambs H.K . Abood ; A.M.H. Judi and A.A. AL-Ani Department of internal and preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq. E-Mail: munafjudi@yahoo.com Accepted on: 17/2/2013 Summary Experimental induction of vitamin E and selenium deficiency using deficient diet was carried out on fourteen pregnant Awassi ewes and their newborn lambs to study the effect of the deficiency on erythrocytes osmotic fragility and phagocytosis. From the fourteen deficient ewes, seven were vaccinated with Rev I vaccine and seven ewes as control group, and their newborn lambs were used in the study. Results were showed increased in the concentration of saline solution in start and complete erythrocyte hemolysis in deficient lambs (0.52 ± 0.01 and 0.54 ± 0.01) and (0.42 ± 0.01 and 0.44 ± 0.00) respectively and in deficient ewes (0.53 ± 0.01 and 0.54 ± 0.01) and (0.43 ± 0.01 and 0.44 ± 0.00) respectively. Results showed a low phagocytic index in deficient lambs (9.40 ± 0.87 and 10.60 ± 1.16) and in deficient ewes (12.14 ± 0.85 and 12.42 ± 0.75) compared to phagocytic index in control lambs (43.85±0.91) and in control ewes (43.14 ±0.91).
Epidemiologic evaluation of maxillofacial infections and their risk factors and associated complications in a one year period in Shariati hospital in 2013-2014

Purpose: Maxillofacial infections (MIs) commonly occur in patients of all ages, representing a life-threatening challenge when reaching deep facial spaces. The epidemiologic studies of MIs and their characteristics are very important and beneficial for both patients and clinicians. Therefore, the aim of this prospective study was to determine the annual incidence, etiology, risk factors and complications of MIs in all patients who were admitted to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of the Shariati hospital during a 1-year period. Material and methods: The demographic data, levels of some serum markers on day of admission, such aserythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), bandemia, serum albumin, predisposing factors for each patient referred for treatment of MI were recorded by one researcher in November 2013 to November 2014. The linear regression test was used to evaluate whether there was a relationship between the amount of changes in ESR, CRP and albumin levels and age of the patients, pregnancy, gender and severity of infection. Panoramic radiography as well as axial and coronal CT scans with soft tissue window were performed for all cases, except pregnant participants. The origin of MIs, including odontogenic, pathologic and foreign body, was identified for each patient. Results:During the study period, a total of 157 patients (87 female, 70 male), with an age range of 3 to 74 years (mean, 23.5±13.2 years), were admitted to the department of maxillofacial surgery. Regardless of the gender, the most frequent cause of MIs was odontogenic sources (128 cases, 81.5%). The most common affected area was the buccal space with 106 positive cases (67.5%). The most common teeth responsible for maxillofacial fascial space infection were mandibular third molars. A positive association was found between CRP and ESR levels and the severity of infections. Serum albumin and ESR levels were significantly reduced and increased in the patients with severe infection and pregnant patients, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that odontogenic origins were the main cause of MIs and the most common involved space was the buccal space. Diabetes mellitus was the most commonly found systemic disease among the participants of this study. The findings of this study suggest that dentists should consider that the most appropriate treatment of odontogenic infections involves surgical intervention and selection of a suitable antibiotic as an adjunct.
The Influence of Calling and Perceived Organizational Support on Commitment across Ecclesial and For-profit Organizations

The article adds to an understanding of organizational commitment (OC) by examining how the construct varies between church volunteers (N = 89) and for-profit (N = 218) employees in Norway. The study used a non-experimental field-based methodology to analyze data collected cross-sectionally through self-administered questionnaires. A series of two-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to test whether OC differed by type of organization, reporting higher levels of normative commitment (NC) and affective commitment (AC) in ecclesial organizations than in their for-profit counterpart. In addition, a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to test whether calling and perceived organizational support (POS) were predictors of OC in both types of organizations. The results confirm previous research showing that POS is an antecedent of NC and AC in for-profit organizations, and expand current commitment theory by showing that this is also the case for AC among church volunteers. The predictive power of calling on commitment was found to be weak in both types of organizations. The limitations of the study are indicated, and suggestions for practice and future research are provided.
Earnings Management , Financial Leverage , and Cash Flow Volatility : An Analysis by Industry

In this paper, we examine the effect of cash flow volatility and leverage on earnings management across industries. We examine 489 firms between the period of 1990 and 2009 and the results indicate that both financial leverage and cash flow volatility impact the degrees to which firms manage their earnings. Furthermore, we find that depending of which industry a firm belongs to, their degree and extent of managed earnings varies, where consumer staples and consumer cyclical are the most manipulated industries and transportation and utilities industries are the least manipulated.
Red oak acorn yields in green‐tree reservoirs and nonimpounded forests in Mississippi

Although bottomland hardwood forests in southeastern United States are among the most productive ecosystems in North America, indigenous flora, wildlife, and system dynamics have been altered and affected by natural and anthropogenic effects. Historic spatio‐temporal dynamic flooding in hardwood bottomlands caused managers to create green‐tree reservoirs (GTR; i.e., impounded forested tracts) to enhance predictability of seasonal inundation chiefly for waterfowl habitat and hunting. Bottomland red oaks (Quercus spp.) are valuable trees for wildlife that consume acorns they produce. There was inconsistent evidence in the scientific literature, so we tested the null hypotheses of no differences in annual yield, percentage of sound acorns, and proportion of ‘high‐yielding’ red oaks in GTRs and nonimpounded naturally flooded forests (NFF) in western and east‐central Mississippi, USA, during autumn–winter, 2008–2012. Mean annual yields of sound acorns from GTRs and NFFs at Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge and Delta National Forest had overlapping confidence intervals in all years of our study; however, percentages of sound acorns were greater in GTRs in 3 of 8 site‐year comparisons. We also found conflicting results between study sites regarding which flood regime had the greatest proportion of high‐ yielding oaks. Our results demonstrate differences in total acorn yield by red oaks may be neither statistically nor biologically different between GTRs and NFFs in Mississippi; however, the proportion of sound acorns may be greater in GTRs relative to NFFs in some years. Future research may determine whether these phenomena are related to surviving trees producing increased seed propagules in response to long‐term flooding stress in GTRs or residual trees possessing traits for increased acorn production in some years. Nonetheless, deleterious effects from persistent or prolonged within‐ and among‐year flooding of GTRs are well‐documented, suggesting managers should consider these possible consequences in sustaining and regenerating lowland red oak populations. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Prevalence and pattern of depression among HIV positive patients on treatment at the ART clinic of UDUTH , Sokoto , Nigeria

Background: Depression is one of the most frequently observed psychiatric disorder among patients with HIV/AIDS and it has been associated with increased risky behaviors, noncompliance to anti-retroviral treatment, and higher risk for co-morbid survival. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and pattern of depression among HIV positive patients on treatment at the ART clinic of UDUTH, Sokoto, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 419 patients (selected by systematic sampling technique) attending the ART clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the research variables. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 statistical computer software package. Results: Two hundred and twenty-seven (54.2%) of the 419 participants were identified as having depression, with 179 (42.7%) having mild depression, 46 (11.0%) having moderate depression, and 1 (0.2%) each having moderately-severe and severe depression. Depression was more prevalent among females (62.9%), those that were unemployed (79.3%), and those who have lived with HIV for 5 years and below (64.5%) as compared to the other groups. Also, depression was less prevalent among those that were married (58.5%) and those who had family support (60.2%) as compared to the other groups. Conclusion: This study showed high prevalence of depression among HIV positive patients attending the ART clinic of UDUTH, Sokoto. These findings underscore the need for HIV/AIDS care providers to make screening for depression and implementation of interventions for its prevention the core components of their services.