Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
String Current in Decananometer nand Flash Arrays: A Compact-Modeling Investigation

This paper presents a detailed compact-modeling investigation of the string current in decananometer nand Flash arrays. This investigation allows, first of all, to highlight the role of velocity saturation, low-field mobility, and drain-induced barrier lowering on the string current versus read voltage characteristics. Results are validated on a 41-nm technology for different positions of the selected cell along the nand string, different pass voltages, and different array background patterns. The effect of cycling on the string current is then investigated by means of postcycling bake experiments, showing that the impact of charge trapping/detrapping and interface state generation/annealing varies as a function of the read current level. Compact-modeling results display that, at low read currents, charge trapping/detrapping represents the main damage mechanism for the cells, while interface states come into play for read currents close to the string saturation level via mobility degradation.
Information disclosure of social media users: Does control over personal information, user awareness and security notices matter?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap in the existing literature by exploring the antecedents of information disclosure of social media users. In particular, the paper investigates the link between information disclosure, control over personal information, user awareness and security notices in the social context, all of which are shown to be different from existing studies in e-commerce environments. Design/methodology/approach – The authors collected and analysed data from 514 social network users. The model is estimated using ordinary least squares and robust standard errors are estimated using the Huber-White sandwich estimators. Findings – The results show that in social networking contexts, control over personal information is negatively and statistically associated with information disclosure. However, both user awareness and security notices have a positive statistical effect on information disclosure. Originality/value – Whilst research on issues of individual information priva.
Perceptual Characterization of a Tactile Display for a Live-Electronics Notification System

In this paper we present a study we conducted to assess physical and perceptual properties of a tactile display for a tactile notification system within the CIRMMT Live Electronics Framework (CLEF), a Max-based1 modular environment for composition and performance of live electronic music. Our tactile display is composed of two rotating eccentric mass actuators driven by a PWM signal generated from an Arduino microcontroller. We conducted physical measurements using an accelerometer and two user-based studies in order to evaluate: vibrotactile absolute perception threshold, differential threshold and vibration spectral peaks. Results, obtained through the use of a logit regression model, provide us with precise design guidelines. These guidelines will enable us to ensure robust perceptual discrimination between vibrotactile stimuli at different intensities. Among with other characterizations presented in this study, these guidelines will allow us to better design tactile cues for our notification system for live-electronics performance.
The effects of daily wear contact lenses on goblet cell density.

BACKGROUND Some patients can wear contact lenses with a low tear breakup time while others with an identical tear breakup time cannot wear lenses. This suggests the current method of tear film assessment is inadequate at differentiating between these two types of patients. The study attempts to expand our knowledge of the tear film with special attention directed to a critical yet little studied component: mucin. Mucin is vital to maintenance of the tear film and functions as a tear film stabilizer. The condition of the precorneal tear film is a major determinant in the success of contact lens wear. METHODS Eighteen subjects free of ocular surface disease who had never worn contact lenses had the goblet cell density of their inferior bulbar conjunctiva determined by impression cytology. The subjects were then fit in a 38 percent water polymacon lens and their goblet cell density determined on a monthly basis for 6 months. RESULTS Nearly a 2-fold increase in goblet cell density was observed in 88 percent of the subjects over the 6-month period. The first statistically significant increase occurred 5 months after the initiation of lens wear when the goblet cell density rose from 4.19-7.84 percent. CONCLUSIONS We speculate the increase in goblet cells is an adaptive response of the ocular surface to a coated daily wear contact lens.
Quality of Life and Stressors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Depending on Treatment

Abstract This study evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a Spanish sample of chronic kidney disease patients (n = 90) undergoing different renal replacement therapies, considering the influence of treatment stressors, mood, anxiety and quality of sleep. While all patients had worse physical functioning than controls (p < .01), only those undergoing haemodialysis (HD) showed worse physical well-being, occupational functioning, spiritual fulfillment and more health interference with work (p < .05). They also obtained higher depression scores than renal transplant patients (TX) (p = .005). Those TX receiving the immunosuppressor sirolimus exhibited more cardiac/renal, cognitive and physical limitations than the rest (p < .05). Dialysis vintage correlated positively with sleep disturbances and depression scores and negatively with total Quality of Life (QLI) (p < .05). HD patients experienced more psychological distress than peritoneal dialysis patients (PD) (p = .036). Regression models including sleep, anxiety and depression were estimated for subscales of HRQOL. In TX patients, low depressive scores related to an optimal QLI in almost all subscales, while in HD patients they explained part of the variability in psychological well-being, interpersonal functioning and personal fulfillment. HD condition results in a QLI more distant to the standards of controls.
Bone density threshold and other predictors of vertebral fracture in patients receiving oral glucocorticoid therapy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate predictors of vertebral fractures, including a threshold for bone mineral density (BMD), in patients receiving oral glucocorticoids (GCs). METHODS Data were obtained from 2 randomized clinical trials (prevention and treatment trials of risedronate) using similar methods, but different inclusion criteria were applied with regard to prior exposure to GCs. Predictors of vertebral fracture in the placebo group were identified using Cox regression with forward selection. The BMD threshold analysis involved a comparison of the 1-year fracture risk in postmenopausal women receiving placebo in the GC trials with that in postmenopausal women not taking GCs in 3 other trials. RESULTS The study population comprised 306 patients with baseline and 1-year followup data on vertebral fractures (111 receiving placebo and 195 receiving risedronate). In the placebo group, the statistically significant predictors of incident fracture were the baseline lumbar spine BMD (for each 1-point decrease in T score, relative risk [RR] 1.85, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.06-3.21) and the daily GC dose (for each 10-mg dose increase, RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.11-2.36). In the BMD threshold analysis, compared with nonusers of GCs, patients receiving GCs were younger, had a higher BMD at baseline, and had fewer prevalent fractures; nevertheless, the risk of fracture was higher in the GC users compared with nonusers (adjusted RR 5.67, 95% CI 2.57-12.54). The increased risk of fracture was observed in GC users regardless of whether osteoporosis was present. CONCLUSION The daily, but not cumulative, GC dose was found to be a strong predictor of vertebral fracture in patients receiving GCs. At similar levels of BMD, postmenopausal women taking GCs, as compared with nonusers of GCs, had considerably higher risks of fracture.
Combining Administrative and Clinical Data to Stratify Surgical Risk

Objective:To evaluate whether administrative claims data (ADM) from hospital discharges can be transformed by present-on-admission (POA) codes and readily available clinical data into a refined database that can support valid risk stratification (RS) of surgical outcomes. Summary Background Data:ADM from hospital discharges have been used for RS of medical and surgical outcomes, but results generally have been viewed with skepticism because of limited clinical information and questionable predictive accuracy. Methods:We used logistic regression analysis to choose predictor variables for RS of mortality in abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and craniotomy, and for RS of 4 postoperative complications (ie, physiologic/metabolic derangement, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism/deep vein thrombosis, and sepsis) after selected operations. RS models were developed for age only (Age model), ADM only (ADM model), ADM enhanced with POA codes for secondary diagnoses (POA-ADM model), POA-ADM supplemented with admission laboratory data (Laboratory model), Laboratory model supplemented with admission vital signs and additional laboratory data (VS model), VS model supplemented with key clinical findings abstracted from medical records (KCF model), and KCF model supplemented with composite clinical scores (Full model). Models were evaluated using c-statistics, case-based errors in predictions, and measures of hospital-based systematic bias. Results:The addition of POA codes and numerical laboratory results to ADM was associated with substantial improvements in all measures of analytic performance. In contrast, the addition of difficult-to-obtain key clinical findings resulted in only small improvements in predictions. Conclusions:Enhancement of ADM with POA codes and readily available laboratory data can efficiently support accurate risk-stratified measurements of clinical outcomes in surgical patients.
Interpersonal Disorder in Schizoid and Avoidant Personality Disorders: An Attachment Perspective

Objective To investigate the characteristics related to avoidant attachment of 13 schizoid/avoidant psychiatric outpatients and 20 nonschizoid/avoidant psychiatric outpatients. Method Three scales (“maintains distance in relationships”, “high priority on self-sufficiency” and “attachment relationship is a threat to security”) differentiated schizoid and avoidant personality disordered patients from other personality disordered patients. Results The results are discussed in terms of the attachment and DSM diagnostic models of avoidant styles in relationships. Conclusion The 2 groups of schizoid and avoidant personality disordered patients were not significantly different on the desire for close affectional bonds scale.
Effects of Colchicine Application to Preganglionic Axons on Choline Acetyltransferase Activity and Acetylcholine Content and Release in the Superior Cervical Ganglion

Abstract: These experiments investigate the effect of block, by colchicine, of fast axonal transport in the cat's cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) on the superior cervical ganglion's choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme activity, acetylcholine (ACh) content, and ACh release. Electron microscopy on the segment of the CST exposed to colchicine 1 or 4 days earlier showed disappearance of microtubules and accumulation of vesicles and smooth membrane tubules but no disruption of the axonal cytomatrix. At 4 days following colchicine treatment, the number and size of synaptic boutons per grid square in the ganglion ipsilateral to the colchicine‐treated CST were similar to those in the control ganglion. At 2 and 4 days following exposure of the CST to colchicine, ChAT activity in the ipsilateral ganglion was reduced to 76 ± 8 and 54 ± 6% of control values, respectively. ACh stores in the ganglia were also reduced (to 81 ± 6% of control values at 2 days and to 51 ± 5% of control values at 4 days). Ganglionic transmission and its sensitivity to blockade by hexamethonium during 2‐Hz CST stimulation were not impaired at day 4 postcolchicine. ACh release evoked by 2‐Hz stimulation of colchicine‐treated axons was similar to release from untreated axons, despite the decrease in the ganglionic ACh content. In contrast, ACh release evoked by 20‐Hz stimulation was depressed. The amount of ACh released during 5‐Hz stimulation in the presence of vesamicol by the terminals of colchicine‐treated axons was similar to that released by the terminals of untreated axons. These results suggest the following conclusions: (a) Colchicine‐sensitive fast axonal transport contributes significantly to maintaining ChAT stores in preganglionic axon terminals. (b) The half‐life of ChAT in sympathetic preganglionic terminals is ∼4 days. (c) One consequence of colchicine‐induced block of axonal transport is a reduced ACh content of preganglionic nerve terminals. (d) This decrease in ACh content appears to be the result of a loss in a reserve transmitter pool, whereas the size of the readily releasable compartment is maintained.
Association of air pollution with school absenteeism due to illness.

OBJECTIVE To assess the association of air pollution and school absenteeism among elementary students. DESIGN Time-series analysis of air pollution and school absenteeism data with controlling for long-term trends, seasonality, day of the week, and holiday as well as meteorologic variables. SETTING School absenteeism data for the period from March 2, 1996, to December 22, 1999, were collected from student attendance reports of one elementary school in Seoul, Korea. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The number of daily illness-related absences was analyzed against the daily levels of air pollution by generalized additive Poisson regression. The relative risks of absenteeism for air pollution exposure of interquartile ranges (the range from the lowest 25% of the value to the lowest 75% of the value) on absenteeism were calculated on the same day. RESULTS Exposure to air pollutants such as particulate matter of 10 micro m or less in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)), sulfur dioxide, and ozone, was associated with illness-related absenteeism. The estimated relative risks were 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.09) per 42.1- micro g/m( 3) increase in PM(10), 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.12) per 5.68-part per billion increase in sulfur dioxide, and 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.11) per 15.94-part per billion increase in ozone. There was no significant relationship between nitrogen dioxide level and illness-related absenteeism. CONCLUSION Air pollution is associated with illness-related absences among elementary students.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in the Posterior Limb of the Internal Capsule Predicts Outcome After Perinatal Asphyxia

Objective. Predicting long-term outcome in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a difficult task. Magnetic resonance imaging, particularly diffusion imaging, holds promise in this regard as it is more sensitive to brain injury than any other available imaging modality. Previous studies have suggested that abnormal signal intensity in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), detectable on inversion-recovery T1-weighted imaging, is a strong predictor of outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from the PLIC, measured by diffusion imaging, and neuromotor outcome in term infants with HIE. Methods. Twenty-eight term infants with a clinical diagnosis of HIE underwent magnetic resonance imaging as soon as practicable after birth (mean age: 5.6 days), including diffusion-weighted imaging, from which ADC values in the PLIC were measured. Motor outcome was assessed in 12 of 16 survivors. Results. The ADC value in the PLIC was significantly associated with survival in term infants with HIE. For survivors, the mean ADC value in the PLIC was 0.89 ± 0.17 μm2/ms, whereas the mean ADC value for nonsurvivors was 0.75 ± 0.17 μm2/ms (t = 2.25). Among survivors, the ADC value in the PLIC was also associated with neuromotor outcome (F = 5.60). Conclusion. The ADC value in the PLIC is an indicator of ischemic injury and may be of use as an objective prognostic marker for infants with HIE.
Species Specificity of Plasminogen Activation and Acquisition of Surface-Associated Proteolytic Activity by Group C Streptococci Grown in Plasma

ABSTRACT Our laboratory previously demonstrated that group C streptococcal isolates from humans and horses secrete streptokinases that preferentially activate plasminogens reflecting the origin of the isolates. To analyze the significance of these findings, series of streptokinase-producing Streptococcus equisimilis isolates recovered from humans and horses were examined. Southern blot analysis revealed that chromosomal DNA of the streptococcal isolates from humans reacted exclusively with a skchu probe and that chromosomal DNA of streptococcal isolates from horses reacted preferentially with an skceq probe in a distinct pattern. The streptococcal isolates were examined for the ability to acquire surface-bound plasmin-like activity when grown in the presence of human or equine plasma. Each of eight isolates from humans acquired significant enzymatic activity only when grown in the presence of human plasma, while each of eight isolates from horses acquired activity only when grown in the presence of equine plasma. Analysis of bacterial and host protein requirements indicated critical roles for streptokinase, activatable plasminogen, and fibrinogen. These requirements may explain why certain streptococcal isolates cause disease only in a limited number of mammalian hosts.
Utilization Rates and Cost Factors in Timber Harvesting Based on Long-term Machine Data

Operating forest machines is not only expensive but accurate monitoring of economic variables can be very difficult. Detailed machine data capture of economic variables within a forest enterprise can be used to support accurate decision making processes, especially costing for new investments. The objectives of this study were to analyze economic variables of forest machinery based on long-term recorded data from one of the Austrian federal state forest machinery workshops. The study used data from the enterprise’s resource planning system over the period 2004 to 2008. In total 28 tower yarders, 19 skidders, 12 harvesters and 18 forwarders where analyzed for annual utilization, repair costs, fuel consumption and lubrication costs. The average annual utilization of all skidders was approximately 1,150 productive machine hours excluding breaks less than 15 minutes (PMH15) per year. Skidders consumed an average 7.3 L/PMH15 with repair costs of 11.4 €/PMH15. For the fully mechanized harvesting system the harvesters achieved 2,040 PMH15/year and the forwarders 2,070 PMH15/year. The annual utilization of cable yarding systems is between 560PMH15 and 1,500 PMH15.
Asian American Men and Fatherhood: Relationship between Acculturation, Gender-Role Conflict, Parenting Self-Efficacy, and Father Involvement

This study used a cross-sectional design in which 101 Asian American fathers completed an online survey that included questionnaires assessing for acculturation, enculturation, gender role conflict, parenting self-efficacy, father involvement, and demographic information. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of four predictor variables—including acculturation, enculturation, gender role conflict, and parenting self-efficacy—on father involvement, which served as the criterion variable. It was hypothesized that acculturation, enculturation, gender role conflict, and parenting self-efficacy predict the level of father involvement. The results of a multiple regression analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between acculturation and father involvement, indicating that higher levels of acculturation were associated with greater levels of father involvement. The relationship between enculturation and father involvement was in the expected direction of the hypothesis, although it was not statistically significant. Additionally, the relationship between gender role conflict and father involvement was examined by assessing associations between distinct patterns of gender role conflict and father involvement. Conflict between work and family relations was negatively and significantly related to father involvement; the relationship between restrictive affectionate behavior toward men and father involvement was in the expected direction of the hypothesis, although it was not statistically significant. Finally, parenting self-efficacy was significantly and positively associated with father involvement. Practical implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research were discussed.
The growth of reflection in children

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Secular trend in the rate of small‐for‐gestational‐age infants: Haguenau Study 1971‐1985

Summary. Between 1971 and 1985, at the Haguenau Maternity Hospital, a 20% decrease was observed in the rate of small‐for‐gestationalage infants (birthweight <10th centile using figures from all the study births) among 20 101 births between 28 and 42 weeks. This decrease could not be explained by simultaneous changes in socio‐demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the pregnant women, nor a recruitment bias. The earliness of prenatal care at the Maternity Hospital may have played a role in the downward trend. Further research is needed to confirm the influence of prenatal care on the rate of small‐forgestational‐age babies.
Communicating Down syndrome risk according to maternal age: “1‐in‐X” effect on perceived risk

The appropriateness of the 1‐in‐X numerical format to convey quantitative medical probabilities is currently under discussion because of its distortive effect on subjective probability assessment. Previous research, however, always asked participants to imagine a hypothetical scenario. The aim of the present research is to support the existence of the 1‐in‐X effect in a real setting: when pregnant women have to evaluate their personal risk of Down syndrome according to their maternal age.