Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hilbert space methods in the theory of Lie algebras

Introduction. In the study of the complex finite-dimensional semi-simple Lie algebras a crucial role is played by the fundamental bilinear form (x, y) = Tr(ad(x)ad(y)). Since the definition is meaningless when the restriction of finite-dimensionality is removed, if any of the highly desirable properties of the form are to be retained in this case they must necessarily be given a priori. By reconsidering the finite-dimensional situation it is possible to formulate suitable conditions in a more convenient form. To see this let P be a complex finite-dimensional semi-simple Lie algebra and let Po be a compact real form for P with cr as the associated involution (conjugation). If we let x* = —a(x) and (x, y) = (x, y*) then 7 becomes a finite-dimensional Hilbert space, the mapping x into x* is a Hilbert space conjugation, and the connecting property ([x, y], z) = (y, [x*, z]) holds for all x, y, z. An P* algebra as defined here is simply a Lie algebra whose vector space is a Hilbert space such that the connecting property above holds. This paper is a study of such algebras with emphasis, of course, on the infinite-dimensional ones. For finite dimensions nothing new is obtained and it is shown here that in this case every semisimple P* algebra arises essentially from a construction like that above (see the remark after 2.5). There is an associative algebra analogue of this problem in the paper of Ambrose [l ] on TZ"* algebras and some of his results are used here. Any H* algebra gives rise to an P* algebra by letting [x, y]=xy — yx and the only known examples of P* algebras are those obtained as Lie subalgebras of H* algebras. The main result of this paper is a classification of the (separable) simple P* algebras which have Cartan decompositions (see §2) and it is shown that this class coincides with the simple self-adjoint Lie subalgebras of a (separable) simple H* algebra. The results turn out to be the natural extensions of the finite-dimensional theory. Associated with each of the Lie algebras considered here there is a gener-
Enterococcus faecalis Isolates Clinically Isolated from Urinary Tract

25 26 We examined E. faecalis strains clinically isolated from 100 UTI patients for their 27 susceptibility to levofloxacin (LVX) by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration 28 (MIC), and investigated amino acid mutations by direct DNA sequencing which was 29 then correlated with LVX resistance. Next we studied risk factors for LVX resistance 30 such as age, sex, and previous fluoroquinolone use, and investigated the statistical 31 correlation of these risk factors with each amino acid mutation and levofloxacin (LVX) 32 resistance. Of the 100 isolates tested, 14 isolates showed LVX resistance and all of 33 these isolates had amino acid mutations. We demonstrated that 2 out of 4 mutations 34 (Ser83-to-Ile in gyrA and Ser80-to-Ile in parC) had a significant correlation to LVX 35 resistance. There was a significant relationship between isolates with 2 or 3 amino acid 36 mutations and LVX resistance. In addition, we found a significant correlation between 37 the previous use of fluoroquinolones and LVX resistance or the presence of mutations 38 and also demonstrated that the previous use of other types of antibiotics was 39 significantly related to the presence of mutations by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, 40 we found significant correlation between amino acid mutations in E. faecalis, LVX 41 resistance and risk factors such as previous use of fluoroquinolone. 42 43 44
Developing a model of sustained change following multisystemic therapy: young people's perspectives

Multisystemic therapy (MST) is an empirically validated, family and community-based intervention for young people presenting with antisocial and offending behaviour. This qualitative study aimed to explore young people's experiences of MST and learn what had helped them to sustain positive outcomes over time. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight young people at an average of 14 months after MST (range: 5–21 months). A constructivist version of grounded theory was employed to analyse the data, leading to the development of a model of sustained change in MST. Themes from the model included therapeutic alliance, increases in systemic awareness, recognizing responsibility, positive peer relationships, acknowledging and celebrating success, continued use of specific strategies (for example, worry boxes) and the identification and creation of a preferred future. This research presents an understanding of how change may be sustained after MST, highlighting systemic, developmental and individual factors in relation to this. Clinical implications and a proposed model of sustained change in MST are discussed. Practitioner points The therapeutic alliance was perceived by young people as central to the process of change and sustained change following MST Young people's contribution to sustaining therapeutic gains at follow up, alongside caregivers, highlighted the importance of actively engaging them in therapy Peer relationships were identified as relevant to sustaining change, particularly in relation to shared values and goals for the future
Periorbital Hyperpigmentation, a Dermatologic Condition Having a Strong Geographic and Ethnic Determinism

POH (Peri Orbital Hyperpigmentation) represents a minor clinical entity that attracts immense aesthetic damages and it generates social integration difficulties. This review focuses on the etiopathogenic causes of this entity, differentiating and reclassifying this defect as having, on the one hand, genetic causes of melanic hyperproduction – for Fitzpatrick cutaneous phototypes IV and V – and, on the other hand, both genetic and acquired vascular causes, in individuals with light-coloured skin phototypes. Hence, there is a big difference in the field of pathogenic treatment, for the two entities. In addition, this study notes the direct relationship between skin aging and POH, especially for aquired vascular causes. In this reasoning, other aesthetic deficiencies of the skin in the palpebral area should be also considered, like: blepharochalasis, wrinkles, the anatomical causes of the lower eyelid shading, symmetrical or asymmetric suborbital oedema. All of these issues will complicate the therapeutic decision and subsidiary, the pharmaceutical advice. In this context, the review shows the guidelines for a honest councelling of the patients, pointing the efficiency limit for the topical pharmaceutical medication (depigmentants, exfoliants) versus the necessity of minimally invasive or/ and surgical treatments (in blefarochalasis).
Parenteral administration of vitamins A, D and E on the oxidative metabolism and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in swine

ABSTRACT. - Lima A.S. , Weigel R.A. , Morgado A.A. , Nunes G.R. , Souza F.N. , Moreno A.M., Della Libera A.M.M.P. & Sucupira M.C. A. 2012. Parenteral administration of vitamins A, D and E on the oxidative metabolism and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in swine. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 32(8):727-734. Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Or-lando M. de Paiva 87, Sao Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil. E-mail: msucupir@usp.brThe weaning period of piglets is characterized by physiological alterations, such as de-creased weight gain, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased serum cortisol levels with possible effects on the immune response. The effect of parenteral administra-tion of vitamins A, D and E on production performance, oxidative metabolism, and the func-tion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) was assessed in piglets during the weaning period. The sample was comprised of 20 male piglets that were given an injectable ADE vitamin combination (135,000 IU vitamin A, 40,000 IU vitamin D and 40mg vitamin E/animal) at 20 and 40 days of age. Weight gain, concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the microbicidal and phagocytic activity of PMNLs were assessed. No difference was observed in the average piglet weight during the study; however, a greater percentage of weight gain was observed after weaning in the treated group. The concentrations of GSH and SOD did not differ between groups, although lipid peroxidation was greater in the control group at 60 days of age. The inves-tigated variables of oxidative metabolism were correlated as follows: -0.41 for GSH and MDA, -0.54 for GSH and SOD and 0.34 for MDA and SOD. The intensity of intracellular ROS production, the percentage of ROS-producing PMNLs and the intensity of phagocytosis by PMNLs did not differ between treatment groups. Administration of the injectable ADE com-bination improved the percentage of weight gain between 20 and 40 days of age, decreased oxidative stress at 60 days of age and did not inluence the function of PMNLs in piglets.
What Are We So Afraid of? How Early Attention Shapes Our Most Common Fears

ABSTRACT— Fear is one of our most salient emotions, andone that is shared among humans and nonhumans alike.Traditional and modern views of how we acquire fear sug-gest that it is learned through conditioning or observation.However, an interesting aspect of human fears is that theyare not all created equal—some fears are more likely to beexperienced than others. In this article, I discuss somerecent developmental research that sheds new light on whywe are more likely to experience certain fears over others,and how attention and learning might work together toproduce some of our most commonfears andanxieties. KEYWORDS— threat; detection; attention; fear WHATAREWESOAFRAIDOF? Fear is one of our most important emotions. Common amongmammals, it functions as a signal of impending threat. Ashumans, our fears and anxieties show a similar developmentaltrajectory from infancy through adulthood. Between 9 and12 months, most infants start to show the ﬁrst signs of beingafraid and cling to their loved ones when approached by a stran-ger (Schaffer, 1974). Once they reach preschool age, childrenare most often afraid of ghosts and goblins, and later begin tofear animals like snakes and spiders. Finally, in early adoles-cence, social fears and anxieties emerge, such as fear of rejec-tion or crowds (Broeren, Lester, Muris, & Field, 2011). The factthat we all experience a similar developmental trajectory in whatmakes us afraid suggests that fears are nonrandomly distributed,with some categories appearing signiﬁcantly more often thanothers. In fact, our most common fears —fear of heights,enclosed spaces, blood or injury, and animals like snakes andspiders—generally involve stimuli that are threatening. Thesefears appear early in development and remain common even inadults (Broeren et al., 2011). For decades, researchers have asked how we acquire suchfears, and why some are more common than others. Indeed, thereare multiple pathways by which we can become afraid, all ofwhich involve general learning mechanisms (e.g., Mineka Z Rachman, 1977). However, general learningmechanisms might not provid e the whole story. Recently,developmental researchers have demonstrated that visual atten-tion might play an important role in learning fear by directing ourattention selectively to threatening stimuli in the environment(LoBue, Rakison, & DeLoache, 20 10). Attention might also biasus to associate fear with some stimuli more readily than others,making it more likely that such fears will be learned (DeLoache& LoBue, 2009). Finally, negative experience might also recipro-cally drive attention, leading us to attend selectively to stimulithat already cause us some anxiety (LoBue, 2010a; LoBue &Pe´rez-Edgar, 2012). In this article, I review recent developmentalwork that sheds new light on the process of fear development,focusing on the relative roles of attention and learning on thedevelopment of some of ourmostcommonfears and anxieties.
The mechanism of stimulation of nervous system by low-level modulated microwave radiation

Reports on possible effects of low-level microwave radiation (MWR) are often contradictory; moreover, mechanisms behind the effects are still under discussion. Low microwave field strengths in tissue compared to intramolecular fields, high frequencies of radiation compared to physiological processes and contradictory experimental data have caused doubts in low-level effects. Our studies have been aimed to clarification of physical mechanism of low-level MWR effect on the brain bioelectrical activity.
UK asset price volatility over the last fifty years

The seminal work of Shiller (1981a,b) demonstrated that, although equity prices should, theoretically, be determined purely by the discounted sum of expected future dividends, the volatility of equity prices was too great to be explained by the volatility of future dividends. Although some have disputed this result (e.g. Kleidon (1986)), it is now often accepted that equity prices do indeed exhibit excess volatility.
Impact of the ovarian microenvironment on serous cancer

Abstract : Many now believe that the fallopian tube epithelium is the progenitor cell type for high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. The initial phase of tubal cell metastasis could involve several sets of molecules, each of which represents a possible therapeutic target for intervention that would block serous cancer while still confined to the fallopian tubes. Using a series of normal, modified, and tumorigenic tubal cell lines, we will investigate the properties that allow tubal cells to migrate and adhere to novel three-dimensional ovarian organ cultures. We will also determine if the ovarian factors are necessary to fully transform fallopian tube cells. Using these as experimental models of pathway-modified or tumorigenic cells of tubal origin, we will investigate if ovarian factors enhance migration as a mechanism to explain the presence of tumor mass in the ovary of serous patients. 3D ovarian organ culture conditioned medium will be used as the chemo-attractant. Collagen is a well-established matrix utilized by serous cancer cells, of unknown origin, to seed metastatic sites, such as the mesothelium. An RNAseq analysis will be performed between human TEC adhered to collagen matrix compared to tissue culture plastic and used to identify gene expression changes responsible for adhesion on collagen. Ovarian conditioned medium (OCM) with and without H2O2treatment will be added to normal and our series of pathway-modified oviductal cell lines to determine if proliferation and growth in soft agar are enhanced by factors in the OCM.
Inflationary Dynamics in Guatemala

Aggregate dynamics for Guatemala are analyzed using a linear transfer function methodology. This approach has previously been employed for other national economies such as the United States, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Nigeria. The data for this study range from 1960 to 2010. Inflation is measured using the consumer price index. Explanatory variables include the monetary base, real output, interest rates, and the exchange rate. All of the estimated coefficients exhibit the arithmetic signs hypothesized by the theoretical model. Almost all of the parameter estimates satisfy the 5-percent significance criterion and all exhibit economically plausible magnitudes. Estimation results indicate that although monetary policy effects begin to materialize within twelve months of implementation, the bulk of the impacts associated with the money supply do not occur until the second year after any monetary policy action is taken.
HIV Risk Behavior and Beliefs of HIV-Seropositive Drug Users

To assess HIV risk behavior, beliefs, attitudes and intentions among HIV-seropositive drug users (DUs), we studied 122 HIV-positive DUs (including ninety-five current injectors) participating in a longitudinal HIV-study among DUs in Amsterdam. All were familiar with their serostatus. Over a period of four months, 20% of the sample put others at risk of HIV infection, mainly through unsafe sex. Forty-nine percent think they might infect someone with HIV in the future, again mainly through unsafe sex. Although the majority intends to use condoms, self-efficacy and response efficacy is low; that is, many do not think they are able to use condoms when necessary and many have limited confidence in the efficacy of condoms in preventing HIV transmission. Correlates of HIV risk behavior were non-Dutch nationality and being a female prostitute. The results suggest that, next to efforts which aim to prevent new infections among HIV-negative injectors or sexual partners of injectors, prevention efforts should focus on HIV-seropositive DUs or former DUs.
Screening of Health Care Workers For Nasal And Hand Carriage of Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms in a Teaching Hospital in Rural Haryana, India

Infection with multi-drug-resistant bacteria is a common clinical problem in India. Asymptomatically colonized patients and health care workers (HCWs) are the major sources of these multi-drug-resistant organisms in the hos- pital environment with HCWs being more commonly associated with transmission of these organisms between patients. A prospective study was done to determine the prevalence of bacterial colonization among HCWs. Anterior nasal and skin swabs were collected from 70 HCWs using pre-moistened sterile cotton wool swabs. Samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using standard bacteriological methods. Of the 70 healthcare workers, 13 (18.6%) carried Staphylococcus aureus, of which 6 were MRSA and 15 (21.4%) carried ESBL producing Gram nega- tive bacteria. Both MRSA and ESBL were more frequently isolated from nurses and OT technicians than doctors and laboratory technicians.
Association of MMP-1, 9, 12 and TIMP-1 gene polymorphisms in Malaysian male hypertensive subjects

Background: Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays an important role in hypertensive vascular stiffness, remodeling and dysfunction. Several studies have been reported the imbalanced MMP: TIMP (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1) ratio in hypertensive subjects, indicating the depressed systematic degradation of collagenase in etiology of hypertension. The main objective of this study was to determine the candidate gene polymorphisms involved in extracellular matrix metabolism among Malaysian male subject with Essential Hypertension (EH). Methods: A total of 133 newly diagnosed EH subjects and 129 unrelated healthy individuals were included in this study. The genomic DNA was extracted and the genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP method. Result: The demographic characteristic of the subjects such as age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride and cholesterol were shown to be significantly different (p? 0.05) in case subjects when compared to controls. The allelic distribution of TIMP-1 372 T/C gene polymorphism was significantly associated with hypertension (p? 0.05). While, MMP-1: rs1799750, MMP-9: rs3918242 and rs17576 and MMP-12: rs2276109 polymorphisms did not differ significantly (p? 0.05). Conclusion: Hence, the rs4898 polymorphism of TIMP-1 may be considered as a possible genetic biomarker and a risk factor predictor for EH among Malaysian male subjects.
On Hilbert's irreducibility theorem

In this paper we obtain new quantitative forms of Hilbert's Irreducibility Theorem. In particular, we show that if $f(X, T_1, \ldots, T_s)$ is an irreducible polynomial with integer coefficients, having Galois group $G$ over the function field $\mathbb{Q}(T_1, \ldots, T_s)$, and $K$ is any subgroup of $G$, then there are at most $O_{f, \varepsilon}(H^{s-1+|G/K|^{-1}+\varepsilon})$ specialisations $\mathbf{t} \in \mathbb{Z}^s$ with $|\mathbf{t}| \le H$ such that the resulting polynomial $f(X)$ has Galois group $K$ over the rationals.
Effect of african potato (hypoxis hemerocallidea) extract on oxidative stress induced by chloroquine in albino rats

This study evaluated the antioxidant and protective effects of Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. & C. A. Mey. (Hypoxidaceae) Corm ('African potato') water extract (HH) against chloroquine induced oxidative stress in albino rats. Chloroquine has been known to generate oxidative stress when used for different types of treatment like malaria, prophylactic treatment and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. There is also biomedical evidence that African potato corm extracts possess anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties in vivo and in vitro. Twenty five albino rats were used for this study and were divided into five groups; chloroquine control group (CQ) received choroquine (25 mg/kg every day), normal control group (NC) received distilled water every day, normal experimental group (HYP) received water decoction of corm (10 ml/kg), two experimental groups (E1 and E2) received chloroquine (25 mg/kg) plus 10 ml and 20 ml of extract kg-1 body weight respectively. The experiment was conducted for a period of 30 days after which the rats were killed under ether anaesthesia, blood collected and liver removed for the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione per-oxidase and tocopherol. The result showed that the water extract maintained the normal non enzymatic and enzymatic anti oxidants status and thus protected the rats in two experimental groups from oxidative stress generated due to chloroquine in dose dependant manner (P antioxidant system increasing the levels of GSH and tocopherol. Thus from this study it can be concluded that H. hemerocallidea has potentials to protect the organism from oxidative stress generated by chloroquine and also to strengthen the antioxidant system under normal conditions.
Patient selection for total ankle arthroplasty

Total ankle arthroplasty is a treatment option for end-stage osteoarthritis of the ankle, as is ankle arthrodesis. Many variables, including patient characteristics, are thought to influence clinical outcome and survival. As with any surgery, but especially with total ankle replacement (TAR), patient selection is considered critical for good (long-term) outcome. In this review, we summarize the available scientific evidence regarding patient characteristics and its influence on the results of TAR.
Managing dingoes on Fraser Island: culling, conflict, and an alternative

Globally, the role of large predators is increasingly understood as essential for the restoration and maintenance of ecosystems. Consequently, predator conservation represents a paradigm shift in ecological thinking, yet the management of predators sets conflicting goals because of ongoing conflict with humans. This is exemplified on Fraser Island where dingoes come into conflict with tourists, and dingoes perceived to be dangerous are regularly culled. It is argued here that this new conservation paradigm premised on protecting predators in conjunction with conventional wildlife management can result in predator populations being held in a perpetual state of social disorder, exacerbating rather than alleviating conflict. We consider the intensity and frequency of lethal control and how this may impact upon predator social structures, healthy ecological function, stable breeding patterns and stable territoriality. The direct effects of management-induced psychological stress for the survivors of episodic culls are discussed, as well as the indirect flow-on effects of social dysfunction. A final consideration is the cyclical nature of lethal control, whereby conflict with humans results in culling which, in turn, gives rise to further social disruption and conflict. In part, our assessment is derived from official data collected in the course of the management of dingoes on Fraser Island. On this basis, and on the basis of the international literature available, we offer new insights, which may inform predator management more broadly.