Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CONTRIBUTION OF z ≲ 6 SOURCES TO THE SPATIAL COHERENCE IN THE UNRESOLVED COSMIC NEAR-INFRARED AND X-RAY BACKGROUNDS

A spatial clustering signal has been established in Spitzer/IRAC measurements of the unresolved cosmic near-infrared background (CIB) out to large angular scales, ∼1°. This CIB signal, while significantly exceeding the contribution from the remaining known galaxies, was further found to be coherent at a highly statistically significant level with the unresolved soft cosmic X-ray background (CXB). This measurement probes the unresolved CXB to very faint source levels using deep near-IR source subtraction. We study contributions from extragalactic populations at low to intermediate redshifts to the measured positive cross-power signal of the CIB fluctuations with the CXB. We model the X-ray emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs), normal galaxies, and hot gas residing in virialized structures, calculating their CXB contribution including their spatial coherence with all infrared emitting counterparts. We use a halo model framework to calculate the auto and cross-power spectra of the unresolved fluctuations based on the latest constraints of the halo occupation distribution and the biasing of AGNs, galaxies, and diffuse emission. At small angular scales (≲ 1′), the 4.5 μm versus 0.5–2 keV coherence can be explained by shot noise from galaxies and AGNs. However, at large angular scales (∼10′), we find that the net contribution from the modeled populations is only able to account for ∼3% of the measured CIB×CXB cross-power. The discrepancy suggests that the CIB×CXB signal originates from the same unknown source population producing the CIB clustering signal out to ∼1°.
Building the Case for Large Scale Behavioral Education Adoptions

Behaviorally-designed educational programs are often based on a research tradition that is not widely understood by potential users of the programs. Though the data may be sound and the prediction of outcomes for individual learners quite good, those advocating adoption of behaviorally-designed educational programs may need to do more in order to convince school districts to adopt large-scale implementations of their programs. This article provides an example of a successful approach that suggests quickly gathering local evidence using more familiar evidence-based and experiential methods may increase the likelihood of program adoption. The actual report to the large urban district is included.
Determination of an optimal daily dietary ration for large two-year-old mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) using current commercial feed management practices.

A 30 day tank feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimal dietary ration for large (initial size and length, 1.7 kg, 54.27 cm) two-year-old mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) grown in seawater during winter (July-August, water temperature 17.01–20.58°C). Mulloway fed at 0.6% body weight (BW) day-1 were underfed while feeding at 1.0% BW day-1 produced significant wastage, with up to 25% of the weekly ration uneaten. Differences in growth were also evident; fish fed at 0.8 and 1.0% BW day-1 grew significantly faster (SGR, 0.33 and 0.34% day-1, respectively) than 0.6% BW day-1 (SGR, 0.23% day-1). Mulloway fed at 0.8% BW day-1 had the highest condition index (1.14), feed conversion efficiency (78.6%) with minimal wastage (0.312.1% of weekly ration un-eaten). The results of this study suggest that using a feeding rate of 0.8% BW day1has the potential to maximize growth, reduce feed wastage and lower costs of mulloway production.
UNVEILING THE STRUCTURE OF BARRED GALAXIES AT 3.6 μm WITH THE SPITZER SURVEY OF STELLAR STRUCTURE IN GALAXIES (S4G). I. DISK BREAKS

We have performed two-dimensional multicomponent decomposition of 144 local barred spiral galaxies using 3.6 μm images from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies. Our model fit includes up to four components (bulge, disk, bar, and a point source) and, most importantly, takes into account disk breaks. We find that ignoring the disk break and using a single disk scale length in the model fit for Type II (down-bending) disk galaxies can lead to differences of 40% in the disk scale length, 10% in bulge-to-total luminosity ratio (B/T), and 25% in bar-to-total luminosity ratios. We find that for galaxies with B/T ⩾ 0.1, the break radius to bar radius, rbr/Rbar, varies between 1 and 3, but as a function of B/T the ratio remains roughly constant. This suggests that in bulge-dominated galaxies the disk break is likely related to the outer Lindblad resonance of the bar and thus moves outward as the bar grows. For galaxies with small bulges, B/T < 0.1, rbr/Rbar spans a wide range from 1 to 6. This suggests that the mechanism that produces the break in these galaxies may be different from that in galaxies with more massive bulges. Consistent with previous studies, we conclude that disk breaks in galaxies with small bulges may originate from bar resonances that may be also coupled with the spiral arms, or be related to star formation thresholds.
A MULTIWAVELENGTH STUDY OF CYGNUS X-1: THE FIRST MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC DETECTION OF COMPACT JETS

We report on a Spitzer/InfraRed Spectrograph (mid-infrared), RXTE/PCA+HEXTE (X-ray), and Ryle (radio) simultaneous multiwavelength study of the microquasar Cygnus X-1, which aimed at an investigation of the origin of its mid-infrared emission. Compact jets were present in two out of three observations, and we show that they strongly contribute to the mid-infrared continuum. During the first observation, we detect the spectral break—where the transition from the optically thick to the optically thin regime takes place—at about 2.9 × 1013 Hz. We then show that the jet's optically thin synchrotron emission accounts for Cygnus X-1's emission beyond 400 keV, although it cannot alone explain its 3–200 keV continuum. A compact jet was also present during the second observation, but we do not detect the break, since it has likely shifted to higher frequencies. In contrast, the compact jet was absent during the last observation, and we show that the 5–30 μm mid-infrared continuum of Cygnus X-1 stems from the blue supergiant companion star HD 226868. Indeed, the emission can then be understood as the combination of the photospheric Rayleigh–Jeans tail and the bremsstrahlung from the expanding stellar wind. Moreover, the stellar wind is found to be clumpy, with a filling factor f∞ ≈ 0.09–0.10. Its bremsstrahlung emission is likely anti-correlated to the soft X-ray emission, suggesting an anti-correlation between the mass-loss and mass-accretion rates. Nevertheless, we do not detect any mid-infrared spectroscopic evidence of interaction between the jets and Cygnus X-1's environment and/or the companion star's stellar wind.
CORRECTING THE RECORD ON THE ANALYSIS OF IBEX AND STEREO DATA REGARDING VARIATIONS IN THE NEUTRAL INTERSTELLAR WIND

The journey of the Sun through space carries the solar system through a dynamic interstellar environment that is presently characterized by a Mach ∼1 motion between the heliosphere and the surrounding warm partially ionized interstellar cloud. The interaction between the heliosphere and interstellar medium is an evolving process due to variable solar wind properties and the turbulent nature of the interstellar cloud that surrounds the heliosphere. Frisch et al. presented a meta-analysis of the historical data on the interstellar wind flowing through the heliosphere and concluded that temporal changes in the ecliptic longitude of the flow direction with time were statistically indicated by the data available in the refereed literature at the time of that writing. Lallement & Bertaux disagree with this result, and suggested, for instance, that a key instrumental response function of IBEX-Lo was incorrect and that the STEREO pickup ion data are unsuitable for diagnosing the flow of interstellar neutrals through the heliosphere. In this paper we first show that temporal variations in the interstellar wind through the heliosphere are consistent with our knowledge of the very local interstellar medium. The statistical analysis of the helium wind data is revisited, and a recent correction of a typographical error in the literature is incorporated into the new fits. With this correction, and including no newer IBEX results, these combined data still indicate that a change in the longitude of the interstellar neutral wind of λ = 5. °6 ± 2. °4 over the past forty years remains statistically likely, but an constant flow longitude is now statistically possible. Other scenarios for the selection of subsets of these data used in the fitting process produce similar conclusions. We show that the speculations made by Lallement & Bertin about the IBEX instrumental response function are incorrect, and that their other objections to the data used in the meta-analysis are either incorrect or unproven. Further investigations of the historical interstellar wind data and continuing analysis of additional IBEX data may provide a more definitive result on the stability of the flow of interstellar gas through the heliosphere.
Phytoplankton productivity across prairie saline lakes of the Great Plains (USA): a step toward deciphering patterns through lake classification models

We investigated patterns of primary production across prairie saline lakes in the central and northern Great Plains of the United States. Based on comparative lake sampling in 2004, seasonal predictors of algal primary productivity were identified within subsets of similar lakes using a combination of Akaike's information criterion (AIC) and classifica- tion and regression trees (CART). These models indicated complex patterns of nutrient limitation by nitrogen (N), phos- phorus (P), and iron (Fe) within different lake groups. Nutrient enrichment assays (control, + Fe, + N, + P, + N + P) were performed in spring and summer of 2006 to determine if phytoplankton in selected lakes followed predicted patterns of nu- trient limitation. Both the comparative lake sampling and experimental results indicated that N limitation was widespread in these prairie lakes, with evidence for secondary P limitation in certain lakes. In the experiments, iron did not stimulate primary production. Our results suggest that given the diverse geochemical nature of these lakes, classification models that separate saline lakes into subsets may be an effective method for improving predictions of algal production. Resume´ : Nous avons etudieles patrons de production primaire dans des lacs sales de prairie repartis dans le centre et le nord des Grandes Plaines des Etats-Unis. Apartir d'un echantillonnage comparatif des lacs en 2004, nous avons identifie ´ les variables predictives saisonnieres de la production primaire des algues dans des sous-ensembles de lacs en utilisant conjointement le critere d'information d'Akaike (AIC) et des arbres de classification et de regression (CART). Ces mod- eles identifient des patrons complexes de limitation par les nutriments d'azote (N), de phosphore (P) et de fer (Fe) dans les differents groupes de lacs. Nous avons fait des tests d'enrichissement de nutriments (temoin, + Fe, + N, + P, + N + P) au printemps et al'ete ´ 2006 afin de determiner si le phytoplancton dans les lacs selectionnes suivait les patrons predits de limitation par les nutriments. Tant l'echantillonnage comparatif des lacs que les resultats experimentaux indiquent que la limitation par N est commune dans ces lacs de prairie, avec des indications d'une limitation secondaire par P dans certains lacs. Dans les experiences, le fer ne stimule pas la production primaire. Nos resultats indiquent qu'etant donnela nature geochimique diverse de ces lacs, les modeles de classification qui separent les lacs sales en sous-ensembles peuvent etre des methodes efficaces pour ameliorer les predictions de production des algues. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Miscible porous media displacements in the quarter five-spot configuration. Part 3. Non-monotonic viscosity profiles

The influence of a non-monotonic viscosity–concentration relationship on miscible displacements in porous media is studied for radial source flows and the quarter five-spot configuration. Based on linear stability results, a parametric study is presented that demonstrates the dependence of the dispersion relations on both the Péclet number and the parameters of the viscosity profile. The stability analysis suggests that any displacement can become unstable provided only that the Péclet number is sufficiently high. In contrast to rectilinear flows, for a given end-point viscosity ratio an increase of the maximum viscosity generally has a destabilizing effect on the flow. The physical mechanisms behind this behaviour are examined by inspecting the eigensolutions to the linear stability problem. Nonlinear simulations of quarter five-spot displacements, which for small times correspond to radial source flows, confirm the linear stability results. Surprisingly, displacements characterized by the largest instability growth rates, and consequently by vigorous viscous fingering, lead to the highest breakthrough recoveries, which can even exceed that of a unit mobility ratio flow. It can be concluded that, for non-monotonic viscosity profiles, the interaction of viscous fingers with the base-flow vorticity can result in improved recovery rates.
Authoritarian parenting : What happens to the kids ?

© 2010-2017 Gwen Dewar, Ph.D., all rights reserved The authoritarian parenting style is about being strict and stern. It insists on unquestioning obedience, and enforces good behavior through threats, shaming, and other punishments. As defined by psychologists, it's also a style associated with less parental warmth and responsiveness (Baumrind 1991). That doesn't bode well for a child's health outcomes, especially if she's growing up in an otherwise stressful environment. As I note in this article, studies suggest that responsiveness and warmth can protect kids from the effects of toxic stress. But what about other things -like behavior problems? Social Skills? Emotional well-being? Academic achievement? If authoritarian parents are demanding, doesn't that at least suggest they'd produce kids who are betterbehaved and more successful in the classroom? Surprisingly, the evidence indicates otherwise. Here is an overview of the research.
Support Interpreting a Helping Hand : Cultural Variation in the Effectiveness of Solicited and Unsolicited Social

Research has shown that Asians/Asian Americans are less likely to seek social support to deal with stressful situations than European Americans. Two studies examined the effectiveness of two types of social support: support that is sought directly (solicited support) and support received without prompting from the recipient (unsolicited support). It was theorized that receiving unsolicited support may reinforce social belonging and relational ties, whereas soliciting support may pose relational threats for Asian Americans. In contrast, European Americans may be less affected by type of support received. The first study examined culture (European American vs. Asian American) and type of social support (solicited vs. unsolicited) on stress responses to a task in a lab setting. The second study used vignettes of possible stressors with unsolicited or solicited coping techniques. Results supported our hypothesis, with Asian Americans reporting better outcomes from unsolicited support and European Americans showing little difference between support types.
Thouless and relaxation time scales in many-body quantum systems

A major open question in studies of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics is the identification of the time scales involved in the relaxation process of isolated quantum systems that have many interacting particles. We demonstrate that long time scales can be analytically found by analyzing dynamical manifestations of spectral correlations. Using this approach, we show that the Thouless time, $t_{\text{Th}}$, and the relaxation time, $t_{\text{R}}$, increase exponentially with system size. We define $t_{\text{Th}}$ as the time at which the spread of the initial state in the many-body Hilbert space is complete and verify that it agrees with the inverse of the Thouless energy. $t_{\text{Th}}$ marks the point beyond which the dynamics acquire universal features, while relaxation happens later when the evolution reaches a stationary state. In chaotic systems, $t_{\text{Th}}\ll t_{\text{R}}$, while for systems approaching a many-body localized phase, $t_{\text{Th}}\rightarrow t_{\text{R}}$. Our analytical results for $t_{\text{Th}}$ and $t_{\text{R}}$ are obtained for the survival probability, which is a global quantity. We show numerically that the same time scales appear also in the evolution of the spin autocorrelation function, which is an experimental local observable. Our studies are carried out for realistic many-body quantum models. The results are compared with those for random matrices.
Productivity of hired and family labour and determinants of technical inefficiency in Ghana's fish farms

This paper examines the productivity of hired and family labour and determinants of technical inefficiency of fish farms in Ghana. A modified Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function which accounts for zero usage of family and hired labour is employed on cross-sectional data of 150 farmers collected in 2007. The results reveal that family labour, hired labour, feed, seed, land, other cost and extension visit have reasserting influence on fish farm production. Findings also show that family and hired labour used for fish farming production in Ghana may be equally productive. The combined effects of operational and farm specific factors (age, experience, land, gender, pond type and education) influence technical inefficiency although individual effects of some variables may not be significant. Mean technical efficiency is estimated to be 79 percent. Given the present state of technology and input level, the possibility of enhancing production can be achieved by reducing technical inefficiency by 21 percent through adoption of practices of the best fish farm.
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Profile of Patients Treated in the Stroke Unit of a Third Level Hospital

Results: Clinical records of 74 patients were studied. Age average was 64.4 ± 12.6 years, events were identified predominantly in male patients and all patients presented at least one risk factor; being arterial hypertension the most prevalent. Etiology in 90.5% of the cases corresponds to small vessel disease, 81.0% of the events are consistent with deep intracerebral hemorrhage and 3 months modified Rankin Scale median was 3. The average hospital stay at the unit was one week, around one third of patients presented complications and 90-day mortality was 16.2%.
PRODUCTIVITY Theory and Measurement in Business

The purpose of this paper is to operationalize the concept of productivity in business. Operationalization comprises the following five steps: 1) Phenomenon description. The phenomenon of productivity is described as part of economic activity. 2) Concept formation. Productivity is defined as a concept in close relation to such concepts as profitability, economic growth, efficiency, surplus value, quality, performance, partial productivity, need, etc. 3) Modelling. A model of productivity measurement is presented, based on the most accurate business data. A time series construction for the development of productivity, profitability and production income distribution is suggested. Interpretations of the partial productivity measurement are given. 4) Horizontal comparison. The production function-based models for business are compared by identifying their features and evaluating the differences. 5) Vertical comparison. Productivity models of a business and a nation are compared by identifying their features and evaluating the differences. As a result, operationalization of the concept of productivity is presented based on the most accurate business information. A quantitative model is demonstrated. Differences in productivity measurement models are made transparent and evaluated based on the production theory.
Antioxidant Properties of Soy Milk Fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei KUMBB005

In addition to be natural, nutritious and safe, epidemiological studies have shown that traditional fermented soybean products are remarkable sources of bioactive phytochemicals offering potent antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects. Among the phytochemicals isoflavones, saponins, phytosterols and tocopherols, most of the research focused on isoflavones for antioxidant properties. Thus fermented soy milk with Lactobacillus paracasei KUMBB005 a test probiotic strain was evaluated for its Total Phenol Content (TPC) and its antioxidative potential by DPPH activity and FRAP assay. TPC was found to be 300 mg/g, DPPH reduction radical scavenging activity was 27% and FRAP assay has also increased, revealing that, soy milk fermented with our test probiotic strain has credible antioxidative potential.
Collaborative Data Mining in Clinical Trail Analytics

Clinical research and drug development trials generate large amounts of data. Due to the dispersed nature of clinical trial data across multiple sites and heterogeneous databases, it remains a challenge to harness these trial data for analytics to gain more understanding about the implementation of studies as well as disease processes. Moreover, the veracity of the results from analytics is difficult to establish in such datasets. We make a two-fold contribution in this paper: First, we provide a mechanism to extract task-relevant data using Master Data Management (MDM) from a clinical trial database with data spread over several domain datasets. Second, we provide a method for validating findings by collaborative utilization of multiple data mining techniques, namely: classification, clustering, and association rule mining. Overall, our approach aims at extracting useful knowledge from data collected during clinical trials to enable the development of faster and cheaper clinical trials that more accurate and impactful. For a demonstration of the efficacy of our proposed methods, we utilized the following datasets: (1) the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) data share repository and (2) the data from the Osteoarthritis initiative (OAI), where we found real-world implications in validating the findings using multiple data mining methods in a collaborative manner. The comparative results with existing state of the art techniques show the usefulness and high accuracy of our methods.
1 Anger and Aggression in UK Treatment-Seeking Veterans with PTSD . 2

Prevalence rates of anger and aggression are often higher in military personnel, so it is 7 important to understand more about why this is and factors with which they are associated. Despite 8 this, there is little evidence relating to anger and aggression in UK veterans who are seeking 9 treatment for mental health difficulties such as PTSD. This study investigated the prevalence rates 10 of anger and aggression in this population, as well as the associations between anger and aggression, 11 and various sociodemographic, functioning and mental health variables. A cross-sectional design 12 was used, with participants completing a battery of self-report questionnaires. Prevalence rates for 13 significant anger and aggression were 74% and 28% respectively. Both women and those over 55 14 were less likely to report difficulties. Those with high levels of PTSD and other mental health 15 difficulties were more likely to report anger and aggression. Other factors related to anger and 16 aggression included childhood adversity; unemployment due to ill health; and a perceived lack of 17 family support. Findings show that veterans who are seeking support for mental health are likely 18 to experiencing significant difficulties with anger and aggression, especially if they have co-morbid 19 mental health difficulties. The associations between anger and aggression and other variables has 20 implications for the assessment and treatment of military veterans. 21