Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tactical grade micro gyroscope with dual capcitive/optical sensing

This paper introduces a design, fabrication, integration and characterization, of a novel high-grade single axis tuning fork gyroscope (TFG), based on dual detection techniques - capacitive and optic (DDT-CO). This is the first time that the capacitive and optical sensing approaches are used, for the registering of the in-plane drive and in-plane sense mode responses. The two techniques are combined in the same fully functional vacuum packaged device with integrated electronics. We present the results of the rate-table performance study, and the sensor's main figures of merit. We show that the use of dual sensing significantly simplifies the silicon on insulator (SOI) fabrication process, allowing the achievement of tactical grade performance, including angular random walk (ARW) less than 0.15 °/√hr and in-run bias instability (BI) less than 2 °/hr.
Nine- to fourteen-year follow-up of implant treatment. Part I: implant loss and associations to various factors.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term result of implant therapy, using implant loss as outcome variable. MATERIAL AND METHOD Two hundred and ninty-four patients had received implant therapy (Brånemark System) during the years of 1988-1992 in Kristianstad County, Sweden. The patients were recalled to the speciality clinic 1 and 5 years after placement of the suprastructure. Between 2000 and 2002, 9-14 years after implant placements, the patients were again called in for a complete clinical and radiographic examination. RESULTS Two hundred and eighteen patients treated with 1057 implants were examined. Twenty-two patients had lost 46 implants and 12 implants were considered "sleeping implants". The overall survival rate was 95.7%. Implant loss appeared in a cluster in a few patients and early failures were most common. Eight patients lost more than one fixture. A significant relationship was observed between implant loss and periodontal bone loss of the remaining teeth at implant placement. Maxillary, as opposed to mandibulary implants, showed more implant loss if many implants were placed in the jaw. A significant relationship between smoking habits and implant loss was not found. CONCLUSION A history of periodontitis seems to be related to implant loss.
γ-Radiation-Induced Chromosomal Mutagen Sensitivity Is Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in African-American Women: Caffeine Modulates the Outcome of Mutagen Sensitivity Assay

Several different cancer studies have indicated that lymphocyte mutagen sensitivity is a marker of DNA repair deficiency and increased cancer risk. We have used a mutagen sensitivity assay (MSA) measuring γ-radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in freshly cultured lymphocytes and assessed breast cancer risk in African-American women. Concurrently, we conducted duplicate cultures in the presence of caffeine, which overrides G2 arrest in cultured cells, decreases time to DNA repair, and hence increases the aberration rate. In comparison with the non–caffeine-treated cells, we are conceptually segregating the contribution of DNA repair and time for DNA repair as individual susceptibility phenotypes. Blood samples were obtained from 61 cases and 86 controls at Howard University Hospital. Two sets of whole-blood cultures were established and γ-irradiated (1 Gy) at 67 hours, one of which was treated with caffeine (1 mg/mL). Thereafter, cultures were processed for obtaining metaphase spreads. Fifty metaphases were screened for chromatid breaks. The mean breaks per cell (MBPC) for cases (0.34 ± 0.15) was significantly greater than for controls (0.24 ± 0.12; P < 0.0001). Using the 75th percentile value of controls as a cutoff to define mutagen sensitivity, the sensitive individuals had an odds ratio of 4.5 (95% confidence intervals, 2.2-9.1) for breast cancer compared with individuals that were not sensitive. The adjusted odds ratio was 3.3 (95% confidence intervals, 0.147-73.917), which was statistically significant but was limited by the small number of subjects. The results for caffeine co-culture were not predictive of breast cancer (MBPC: cases, 1.6 ± 0.9 versus controls, 1.5 ± 0.8; P = 0.8663). Comparing the MBPC for caffeine and noncaffeine cultures, there was a correlation in controls (n = 79; Spearman r = 0.4286; P < 0.0001), but not in cases (n = 58; Spearman r = 0.06609; P = 0.6221). This study indicates that the MSA phenotype is a risk factor for breast cancer in African-American women, with a significant effect observable even in small studies. The use of caffeine did not enhance the predictivity of MSA, but the correlation with non-caffeine cultures in controls indicates that the MSA phenotype is due to both DNA repair and G2 arrest capacity. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(3):437–42)
Attitude Control of Small Probes for De-Orbit, Descent and Surface Impact on Airless Bodies Using a Single PWM Thruster

A single thruster attitude and de-orbital control method is proposed, capable of delivering a small spin stabilized probe with payload to the surface of an airless body such as the Moon. Nutation removal, attitude control and fast large angle maneuvers have been demonstrated and shown to be effective using a model of a commercially available single standard cold gas pulse width modulated controlled thruster. Maximum final impact angle due to drift and residual velocities was found to be less than 5 degrees and the maximum angle of attack to be 4 deg. The conventional 3-axis control would require as many as twelve thrusters a more substantial structure with complex pipe-work, and a more sophisticated controller. The single thruster concept reduces launch mass and thus cost of the mission, making the concept of small networked surface probes for extended science missions more viable. Experiments based on computer simulation have shown that strict design and mission profile requirements can be fulfilled using the single thruster control method.
Elevated fibrin-related markers in patients with malignant diseases frequently associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and venous thromboembolism.

OBJECTIVE Many patients with malignant diseases are frequently complicated with some type of thrombosis, such as venous thromboembolism (VTE) or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). METHODS This retrospective study was designed to examine the frequency of thrombosis in 478 patients with malignant diseases in comparison to that observed in 121 patients without malignant diseases and to evaluate the efficacy of fibrin-related markers (FRMs), such as soluble fibrin, fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products and D-dimer, in diagnosing thrombosis. RESULTS The frequency of thrombosis, including 62 cases of VTE, 63 cases of DIC and nine cases of cerebrovascular thrombosis, was significantly higher in the patients with malignant diseases (28.0%) than in the patients without malignant diseases (12.5%). DIC was frequently detected in the patients with hepatic cell cancer and hematopoietic malignancy, while VTE was frequently observed in the patients with colon cancer, breast cancer and urinary tract cancer. The FRMs levels were significantly higher in the patients with thrombosis than in the patients without thrombosis. A receiver operating characteristic analysis showed these markers to be useful for diagnosing thrombosis. CONCLUSION Patients with malignant diseases have a high risk of thrombosis, and elevated FRMs levels are useful for diagnosing thrombosis in patients with malignant diseases.
Consistency of Response To Sumatriptan Nasal Spray Across Patient Subgroups and Migraine Types

With an onset of headache relief as early as 15 min postdose compared with placebo, sumatriptan nasal spray is an important treatment option for patients who seek rapid headache relief and/or a convenient dosing form, whose migraine-associated nausea and vomiting render the use of an oral medication impractical, and those who prefer not to use an injectable form of migraine medication. Although the efficacy and tolerability of sumatriptan nasal spray are documented, the consistency of response to sumatriptan nasal spray across patient subgroups and migraine subtypes of importance to the prescribing clinician have not been described. To provide this information, data from four randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies (Glaxo Wellcome protocol numbers S2B-340, S2B-341, S2B-342, and S2B-T50), conducted between January 1993 and December 1994, were pooled and retrospectively analyzed to determine whether the efficacy and tolerability of sumatriptan nasal spray vary with gender, ethnic origin, age, weight, migraine type, concomitant or prior medication use, or pretreatment headache duration. Two-thousand-three-hundred-and-ninety-five (2395) patients treated a moderate or severe migraine with study medication in the four studies. The results demonstrate that sumatriptan nasal spray 20 mg and 10 mg were effective and well tolerated in the acute treatment of migraine consistently across a variety of patient and migraine subgroups. No clinically significant differences in headache relief or adverse event rates were observed for any of the subgroups examined. Approximately two-thirds of patients treated with sumatriptan nasal spray 20 mg compared with approximately one-third of placebo-treated patients reported headache relief 2 h postdose regardless of patient or migraine subgroup. The relationship between active treatment and placebo with respect to the overall incidence of adverse events also did not differ between patient or migraine subgroups. There is no evidence based on this analysis that sumatriptan nasal spray dosage should be adjusted in any of the subgroups examined.
A Calculation Method for Impulse Voltage Distribution and Transferred Voltage in Transformer Windings

This paper presents a calculation method for impulse voltage distribution in the complex winding arrangement encountered in large power transformers. This method takes into account the electrostatic and electromagnetic combinations of windings, and, therefore, permits a precise analysis of voltage response in the windings to which an impulse voltage is applied and of the transferred voltage in other windings to which an impulse voltage is not applied directly.
The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21): further examination of dimensions, scale reliability, and correlates.

OBJECTIVES We conducted two studies to examine the dimensions, internal consistency reliability estimates, and potential correlates of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). METHOD Participants in Study 1 included 887 undergraduate students (363 men and 524 women, aged 18 to 35 years; mean [M] age = 19.46, standard deviation [SD] = 2.17) recruited from two public universities to assess the specificity of the individual DASS-21 items and to evaluate estimates of internal consistency reliability. Participants in a follow-up study (Study 2) included 410 students (168 men and 242 women, aged 18 to 47 years; M age = 19.65, SD = 2.88) recruited from the same universities to further assess factorial validity and to evaluate potential correlates of the original DASS-21 total and scale scores. RESULTS Item bifactor and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a general factor accounted for the greatest proportion of common variance in the DASS-21 item scores (Study 1). In Study 2, the fit statistics showed good fit for the bifactor model. In addition, the DASS-21 total scale score correlated more highly with scores on a measure of mixed depression and anxiety than with scores on the proposed specific scales of depression or anxiety. Coefficient omega estimates for the DASS-21 scale scores were good. CONCLUSIONS Further investigations of the bifactor structure and psychometric properties of the DASS-21, specifically its incremental and discriminant validity, using known clinical groups are needed.
Diversity and sharing of Haemophilus influenzae strains colonizing healthy children attending day-care centers

Background. Children attending day-care centers (DCCs) are at risk for Haemophilus influenzae nasopharyngeal colonization and acute otitis media. The degree to which a given strain circulates within a day-care center and the heterogeneity of strains among DCCs in a geographic area are not well-characterized. This study describes the prevalence rates of H. influenzae colonization in a large number of children attending day-care centers and examines the genetic diversity of colonizing strains and the degree of sharing among children. Methods. Throat cultures were collected from 198 healthy children <3 years old attending 16 day-care centers in Michigan. All H. influenzae isolates were genetically typed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR as the initial screening technique to identify unique strains within each child. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was used subsequently to examine the genetic diversity of strains between children. Results. There were 127 (64%) children colonized with H. influenzae. Wide variation in rates of colonization was identified among day-care centers (0 to 95%). A total of 179 genetically unique H. influenzae strains were isolated, and 47 children (37%) were colonized with 2 or more genetically distinct H. influenzae organisms. Evidence of sharing of the same strain in different children was found in 13 of 15 colonized DCCs and 23% of genotypically unique strains were shared. Conclusion. The degree of sharing of H. influenzae among children in this study suggests transmission of these potentially pathogenic microorganisms in day-care centers.
Non-Invasive Computerized System for Automatically Initiating Vagus Nerve Stimulation Following Patient-Specific Detection of Seizures or epileptiform discharges

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the feasibility of using a computerized system to detect the onset of a seizure and, in response, initiate Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. METHODS We designed and built a non-invasive, computerized system that automatically initiates VNS following the real-time detection of a pre-identified seizure or epileptiform discharge. The system detects these events through patient-specific analysis of the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. RESULTS We evaluated the performance of the system on 5 patients (A-E). For patients A and B the computerized system initiated VNS in response to seizures; for patients C and D the system initiated VNS in response to epileptiform discharges; and for patient E neither seizures nor epileptiform discharges were observed during the evaluation period. During the 81 hour clinical test of the system on patient A, the computerized system detected 5/5 seizures and initiated VNS within 5 seconds of the appearance of ictal discharges in the EEG; VNS did not seem to alter the electrographic or behavioral characteristics of the seizures in this case. During the same testing session the computerized system initiated false stimulations at the rate of 1 false stimulus every 2.5 hours while the subject was at rest and not ambulating. During the 26 hour clinical test of the system on patient B, the computerized system detected 1/1 seizures and initiated VNS within 16 seconds of the appearance of ictal discharges; VNS did not alter the electrographic duration of the seizure but decreased anxiety and increased awareness during the post-seizure recovery phase. During the same testing session the computerized system did not declare any false detections. SIGNIFICANCE Initiating Vagus nerve stimulation soon after the onset of a seizure may abort or ameliorate seizure symptoms in some patients; unfortunately, a significant number of patients cannot initiate VNS by themselves following the start of a seizure. A system that automatically couples automated detection of seizure onset to initiation of VNS may be helpful for seizure treatment.
Computing the Type Token Relation From the A Priori Distribution of Types

For homogeneous texts, the dependence of the vocabulary size y(x) on text length x is completely determined by the distribution D of the type probabilities. The function y(x) is derived from a simple difference equation. This solution is checked with artificial texts as well as with several German, English and Italian texts. For the natural texts, the distributions D are approximated by an interpolation equation: wj =const/jp. This expression is adjusted by a weighted least square fit for each text separately. The values obtained are in the range 0.36≤p≤0.81.
Prediction of outcome after ischemic stroke

Emergency administration of IV thrombolysis is the standard of care for patients with acute ischemic stroke and without contraindications. Keeping this obvious statement in mind is necessary when thinking about the practical value of an expanding number of scores proposed for early prognostication after an ischemic stroke. In this issue of Neurology®, Saposnik et al.1 present the Stroke Prognostication using Age and NIH Stroke Scale (SPAN-100), a new score for prediction of outcome after IV thrombolysis.
Some trends in geriatric psychiatry.

Psychiatrists have always treated aged patients who suffered from mental diseases, whether they were in mental hospitals, in nursing or old folks' homes, in clinics or in the patient's own home. Moreover, psychiatrists described the clinical pictures and the anatomical and histological findings of the important organic psychoses of the senium. One needs only to mention the names of Kraepelin, Alz­ heimer and Pick. Why then do we now witness, and are even part of, the develop­ ment of a new sub-specialty called Geri­ atric Psychiatry? With the many more aged people in our society the number of those requiring psy­ chiatric care also increases; perhaps even in a greater proportion than the numerical increase of this age group would warrant (6). More beds in mental and general hospitals are occupied by aged psychiatric patients, new and greater clinical facilities such as outpatient and day clinics are being established and more psychiatrists spend more of their time looking after aged patients. Furthermore, the progress in medi­ cine, anesthesiology and surgery, better care and improved hygienic conditions in mental hospitals and nursing homes has all helped to prolong the life of the mentally-ill aged patient. These factors tend to provide a much better opportunity for long-term studies of the mental diseases occurring in this age group, and these studies have radi­ cally changed opinion about the natural history of these diseases. These disorders are not confined to the so-called organic psychoses of the senium but are varied as to their symptomatology, their course and outcome, and it is now recognized that some are treatable and even curable. This imposes on the psychiatrist the responsible task of studying his aged patients most carefully in order to arrive at a correct
Hypothyroidism: A frequent event after radiotherapy for patients with head and neck carcinoma

Serum CYFRA 21-1 Is One of the Most Reliable Tumor Markers for Breast Carcinoma Recently, serum tumor marker CYFRA 21-1 has shown a high sensitivity and specificity in patients with breast carcinoma as well as an important usefulness in monitoring for recurrence, evaluating the efficacy of the treatment in advanced disease, and acting as an independent prognostic factor. Based on these results we tested the sensitivity of CYFRA 21-1 in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma in our institution, before using it as a marker of recurrence in early stages or in the evaluation of the therapeutic effect in advanced disease.
Nanorobotic Processing of Graphene: A platform tailored for rapid prototyping of graphene-based devices.

Graphene, an ultrathin membrane consisting of carbon, is currently the focus of numerous research groups around the world. Due to its outstanding physical properties, this new type of material is highly promising in enabling several novel applications. However, up until now, the integration of high-quality graphene into real devices remains challenging. This article presents a nanorobotic platform tailored for the rapid prototyping of graphene-based devices. Applying the capabilities of this platform, a nanorobotic strategy is proposed that enables the identification, electrical characterization, and integration of graphene into device structures without using any time-consuming lithographical procedures. In this way, graphene-based devices can be fabricated and classified within a few hours, significantly reducing the effort and, consequently, the costs of device prototyping. As an example of this strategy, graphene flakes are electrically characterized and transferred onto a target area of a final device.
Extensive spinal decussation and bilateral termination of cervical corticospinal projections in rhesus monkeys

To examine neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying fine motor control of the primate hand, adult rhesus monkeys underwent injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the right motor cortex. Spinal axonal anatomy was examined using detailed serial‐section reconstruction and modified stereological quantification. Eighty‐seven percent of corticospinal tract (CST) axons decussated in the medullary pyramids and descended through the contralateral dorsolateral tract of the spinal cord. Eleven percent of CST axons projected through the dorsolateral CST ipsilateral to the hemisphere of origin, and 2% of axons projected through the ipsilateral ventromedial CST. Notably, corticospinal axons decussated extensively across the spinal cord midline. Remarkably, nearly 2‐fold more CST axons decussated across the cervical spinal cord midline (≈12,000 axons) than were labeled in all descending components of the CST (≈6,700 axons). These findings suggest that CST axons extend multiple segmental collaterals. Furthermore, serial‐section reconstructions revealed that individual axons descending in either the ipsilateral or contralateral dorsolateral CST can: 1) terminate in the gray matter ipsilateral to the hemisphere of origin; 2) terminate in the gray matter contralateral to the hemisphere of origin; or 3) branch in the spinal cord and terminate on both sides of the spinal cord. These results reveal a previously unappreciated degree of bilaterality and complexity of corticospinal projections in the primate spinal cord. This bilaterality is more extensive than that of the rat CST, and may resemble human CST organization. Thus, augmentation of sprouting of these extensive bilateral CST projections may provide a novel target for enhancing recovery after spinal cord injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:151–163, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrating physiological threshold experiments with climate modeling to project mangrove species’ range expansion

Predictions of climate‐related shifts in species ranges have largely been based on correlative models. Due to limitations of these models, there is a need for more integration of experimental approaches when studying impacts of climate change on species distributions. Here, we used controlled experiments to identify physiological thresholds that control poleward range limits of three species of mangroves found in North America. We found that all three species exhibited a threshold response to extreme cold, but freeze tolerance thresholds varied among species. From these experiments, we developed a climate metric, freeze degree days (FDD), which incorporates both the intensity and the frequency of freezes. When included in distribution models, FDD accurately predicted mangrove presence/absence. Using 28 years of satellite imagery, we linked FDD to observed changes in mangrove abundance in Florida, further exemplifying the importance of extreme cold. We then used downscaled climate projections of FDD to project that these range limits will move northward by 2.2–3.2 km yr−1 over the next 50 years.