Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of total and spectral solar irradiance from 1974 to 2013 based on KPVT, SoHO/MDI and SDO/HMI observations

Total and spectral solar irradiance are key parameters in the assessment of solar influence on changes in the Earth's climate. We present a reconstruction of daily solar irradiance obtained using the SATIRE-S model spanning 1974 to 2013 based on full-disc observations from the KPVT, SoHO/MDI and SDO/HMI. SATIRE-S ascribes variation in solar irradiance on timescales greater than a day to photospheric magnetism. The solar spectrum is reconstructed from the apparent surface coverage of bright magnetic features and sunspots in the daily data using the modelled intensity spectra of these magnetic structures. We cross-calibrated the various data sets, harmonizing the model input so as to yield a single consistent time series as the output. The model replicates 92% of the variability in the PMOD TSI composite including the secular decline between the 1996 and 2008 solar cycle minima. The model also reproduces most of the variability in observed Lyman-alpha irradiance and the Mg II index. The UV solar irradiance measurements from the UARS and SORCE missions are mutually consistent up to about 180 nm before they start to exhibit discrepant rotational and cyclical variability, indicative of unresolved instrumental effects. As a result, the agreement between model and measurement starts to deteriorate above this wavelength. As with earlier similar investigations, the reconstruction cannot reproduce the overall trends in SORCE/SIM SSI. We argue, from the lack of clear solar cycle modulation in the SIM record and the inconsistency between the total flux recorded by the instrument and TSI, that unaccounted instrumental trends are present. The reconstruction is consistent with observations from multiple sources, demonstrating its validity. It also provides further evidence that photospheric magnetism is the prime driver of variation in solar irradiance on timescales greater than a day.
Short-Term Load Forecasting with Multi-Source Data Using Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Networks

Short-term load forecasting is an important task for the planning and reliable operation of power grids. High-accuracy forecasting for individual customers helps to make arrangements for generation and reduce electricity costs. Artificial intelligent methods have been applied to short-term load forecasting in past research, but most did not consider electricity use characteristics, efficiency, and more influential factors. In this paper, a method for short-term load forecasting with multi-source data using gated recurrent unit neural networks is proposed. The load data of customers are preprocessed by clustering to reduce the interference of electricity use characteristics. The environmental factors including date, weather and temperature are quantified to extend the input of the whole network so that multi-source information is considered. Gated recurrent unit neural networks are used for extracting temporal features with simpler architecture and less convergence time in the hidden layers. The detailed results of the real-world experiments are shown by the forecasting curve and mean absolute percentage error to prove the availability and superiority of the proposed method compared to the current forecasting methods.
Analysis on the Macroeconomic Effects of Fiscal Policy and Business Cycles in Japan

Since the collapse of the bubble economy in the early 1990s, Japan has fallen into a period of low economic growth. Furthermore, recent financial crises and some natural disasters have also exerted a serious negative influence on the Japanese economy. In the face of this economic downturn, the fiscal and monetary authorities in Japan have implemented a large number of economic stimulus packages. At the same time, however, concerns about the effectiveness of these economic policies are increasing. Although many researchers have tried to analyze this from an academic perspective, there has not been a great deal of consensus on this topic.1 Facing such a situation, the principal goal of this dissertation is to reevaluate and clarify the macroeconomic effects of fiscal and monetary policy in Japan (in the framework of a time series analysis), by using the vector autoregression (VAR) model. Moreover, beyond the analysis of
Nonlinear electrodynamics as a symmetric hyperbolic system

Nonlinear theories generalizing Maxwell's electromagnetism and arising from a Lagrangian formalism have dispersion relations in which propagation planes factor into null planes corresponding to two effective metrics which depend on the pointwise values of the electromagnetic field. These effective Lorentzian metrics share the null (generically two) directions of the electromagnetic field. We show that the theory is symmetric hyperbolic if and only if the cones these metrics give rise to have a nonempty intersection, namely, that there exist families of symmetrizers in the sense of Geroch [26] which are positive definite for all covectors in the interior of the cones intersection. Thus, for these theories, the initial value problem is well posed. We illustrate the power of this approach with several nonlinear models of physical interest such as Born\char21{}Infeld, Gauss\char21{}Bonnet, and Euler\char21{}Heisenberg.
Seedling Growth Rates and Light Requirements of Subtropical Rainforest Trees Associated with Basaltic and Rhyolitic Soils

A trade-off between shade tolerance and growth in open conditions is widely believed to underlie the dynamics of humid forests. Little is known about how the growth versus shade tolerance trade-off interacts with other major trade-offs associated with differential adaptation to major environmental factors besides light. We asked whether the growth versus shade tolerance trade-off differed between subtropical rainforest tree assemblages native to basaltic (fertile) and rhyolitic (infertile) soils in northern New South Wales, because of the allocational costs of adaptation to low nutrient availability. Seedling relative growth rates of six basalt specialists and five rhyolite specialists were measured in a glasshouse and the minimum light requirements of each species were quantified in the field by determining the 10th percentile of juvenile tree distributions in relation to understorey light availability. A similar range of light requirements was observed in the two assemblages, and although the two fastest growing species were basalt specialists, seedling growth rates did not differ significantly between the two substrates. The overall relationship between light requirements and growthratewasweak,andtherewasnocompellingevidencethattheslopeorelevationofthisrelationshipdifferedbetween the two assemblages. Growth rates were significantly correlated, overall, with specific leaf area, and marginally with leaf area ratio. The apparent similarity of the growth versus shade tolerance trade-off in the two suites of species could reflect effects of leaf nutrient content on respiration rates; basalt specialists tended to have a smaller root mass fraction, but this may have been offset by the effects of leaf nitrogen status on respiration rates, with higher respiration rates expected on fertile basaltic soils. However, the results might also partly reflect impairment of the field performance of two basalt specialists that were heavily attacked by natural enemies.
Does Self-Regulatory Efficacy Matter? Effects of Punishment Certainty and Punishment Severity on Organizational Deviance

Extant empirical research has reported conflicting findings with respect to the effects of punishment certainty and punishment severity on organizational deviance, suggesting the need to introduce a moderator. The present study tested whether self-regulatory efficacy matters on the relationships among punishment certainty, punishment severity, and organizational deviance. Drawing on deterrence and self-efficacy theories, this study examined the effects of punishment certainty, punishment severity, and self-regulatory efficacy on organizational deviance among 197 employed postgraduate students who enrolled in the Master of Business Administration program at two large universities located in the north-west geopolitical zone of Nigeria. We used self-administered questionnaires to collect data. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), we found a significant negative relationship between punishment certainty and organizational deviance. Similarly, the results indicated that punishment severity had a significant negative relationship with organizational deviance. The study also found a significant negative relationship between self-regulatory efficacy and organizational deviance. As expected, self-regulatory efficacy was found to moderate the relationship between punishment certainty and organizational deviance. On the contrary, no significant interaction effect was found between self-regulatory efficacy and punishment severity. Implications of the study in the Nigerian context have been discussed.
Towards the well-being of vocational teachers: the role of personality characteristics

Background: The success of teaching practices and teachers’ well-being largely depends not only on the curriculum, but also on the teachers’ personality characteristics. On the other hand, teachers’ perception about their own profession, themselves and others in the occupation leads to increased quality of education. Therefore, it can be assumed that teachers’ personality traits are among the most significant determinants of their professional identity that foster holistic psychological wellbeing. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the Big Five personality traits as predictors of professional identity of the vocational teachers in Lithuania. Method: The sample consisted of 346 teachers from the Lithuanian vocational training system. The Big Five inventory (BFI; Benet-Martinez & John, 1998; John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991; John, Naumann, & Soto, 2008) was used to measure the teachers’ personality traits. Vocational teachers’ professional identity was measured using the Teachers’ Professional Identity Questionnaire (Beijaard, Verloop, & Vermunt, 2000). Also, questions on demographic variables were used in the study. Results: Personality traits of agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience were significant predictors of vocational teachers’ professional identity. Teachers’ professional identity, which consists of distinct aspects of expertise (subject matter experts, didactical experts, and pedagogical experts), is analyzed. Conclusion: The results support the importance of vocational teachers’ personality traits for their professional identity. The results can help the researchers deepen their understanding of the importance of the teachers’ personality for their well-being. The study results can also provide teachers with a more comprehensive awareness of their professional identity.
Financial Development and Growth Volatility: Time Series Evidence for Mexico and The United States

This paper explores the influences of financial deepening on growth and its volatility. Following a review of the theoretical literature that has attempted to explain these relationships, the paper presents time series evidence for the cases of Mexico and the US. The results suggest that, in the case of the US, financial deepening has been related to the rate of real output growth but that finance has not shown a significant relationship with output volatility. In the Mexican case, financial deepening has reduced the volatility of growth which, in turn, has induced higher output growth rates. Further, higher US growth rates have resulted in higher and less volatile growth rates in the Mexican economy.
Mesovortices Formed within Bow Echoes: Their Genesis and Sensitivity to the Environment and System Cold Pool

Bow echoes are a well-known mode of severe convection capable of producing long swaths of straight-line wind damage and tornadoes (Fujita 1979). The straightline wind damage swaths may be created by the rear inflow jet (RIJ) descending to the ground near the apex of the bow echo behind the gust front (Fujita 1978). Recent modeling and observational studies (Trapp and Weisman 2003; Atkins et al. 2005; Wakimoto et al. 2006a; Wheatley et al. 2006) have shown that low-level (0-3 km AGL), small-scale (1-10 km) “mesovortices” formed on the bow echo gust front are also capable of producing the straight line wind damage swaths. Damage swaths produced by a mesovortex may not necessarily be located at the bow apex (Atkins et al. 2005). Mesovortices also serve as the parent circulations for tornadoes within bow echoes (e.g., Przybylinski et al. 2000; Atkins et al. 2004; Atkins et al. 2005). It has been shown that the most intense damage produced within a bow echo may be associated with mesovortices (Atkins et al. 2005; Wheatley et al. 2006). Given their importance in producing surface wind damage, there are still many unanswered questions with respect to the genesis and evolution of mesovortices formed within bow echoes. With respect to their genesis, Trapp and Weisman (2003) have shown that within idealized simulations of bow echoes, mesovortices form in cyclonic/anticyclonic pairs through the tilting of baroclinically-generated horizontal vorticity by convectivescale downdrafts. Convergence of planetary vorticity enhances the cyclonic member of the pair and weakens the anticyclonic circulation. While detailed observations of mesovortex genesis have yet to be collected, published single Doppler studies suggest that cyclonic mesovortices are most often observed within bow echoes. Dual-Doppler data presented by Wakimoto et al. (2007) showed a case where vortex couplets were observed on the bow echo gust front and another with only cyclonic circulations. Thus, the genesis mechanism of bow echo mesovortices is not well understood.
Feeding ecology of sloth bears in a disturbed area in central India

Abstract In Central India, the North Bilaspur Forest Division (NBFD) harbors a large number of sloth bears (Melursus ursinus). The managed forests of the division are mostly patchy, fragmented, degraded, and interspersed with crop fields and villages with high human and cattle population. The feeding ecology of sloth bears was studied by analyzing 568 scats; 21 species of plants, termites, ants, and bees, as well as unidentified animal matter (bone, hairs and tissue) were found in bear scats. Year-round frequencies of occurrence of animal and plant matter were similar. Animal matter constituted 87% of scats during monsoon and 82% during winter seasons, but dropped to 65% during summer. On percent dry-weight basis, plant matter was greater than animal matter in scats in all seasons. Frequency of occurrence of insects was high during monsoon (87%) and winter (82%), whereas Ficus species were more common (68%) during summer season. Ficus species were high in percent weight in all seasons. Ficus species appear to be important to bears, especially when fields lack crops, few other species are fruiting, and soil is hard, making it difficult to dig for ants and termites. The presence of groundnut and corn (maize) in diets during the monsoon suggests crop damage by bears, thereby increasing chances of human–bear conflict.
Supervision and other Determinants of Employee Morale: The Case of Banco De Oro Branches in Batangas City and Bauan, Philippines

A company's work force is one of its greatest resources. Without employees, companies would not be able to implement strategies or realize growth. This research study determined the employees' level of morale with respect to bank's style of supervision and in terms of other determinants such as nature of work, salaries/wages and benefits/incentives, placement and promotion and communication channels. Further, it determined the relationship of the demographic profile and level of morale of the employees of BDO Batangas City and Bauan Branches. Descriptive-correlation type of research was used to describe the level of morale among the respondents and to evaluate the extent of relationship of the respondents' demographic profile variables and their level of employee morale. Results revealed that most of the workforces of the bank are in the early phase of their career and there are only few middle aged employees because most of the employees in this age category were already promoted. The level of morale is high in terms of bank's style of supervision and in terms of other employee morale determinants. Moreover, the socio demographic profile variables of the respondents except gender and civil status influence the level of their morale in terms of the supervision the bank has. Their socio demographic profile variables also influence the level of their morale in terms of other employee morale determinants.
Modeling Dividend Behavior in Pakistan

This study examines the determinants of dividend policy by Lintner (1956) and Braittan (1966) and their extended versions to examine their relative significance in the Pakistani context. The sample consists of thirty-five firms in the overall manufacturing sector and three sub-sectors: textile, energy and chemicals the period 2007 to 2009. The analysis reveals that Lintner model is better than other models examined in the study and net profit and lag dividends are important determinants of dividend policy in Pakistani manufacturing sector. The depreciation and liquidity has significant impact on the dividend policy when included in the Lintner model while investment demand, interest rate, share price behavior and debt turn out to be insignificant. The results imply that for dividend decisions, past dividends, profits and depreciation matters and Lintner model fits the data well in case of manufacturing sector of Pakistan.
A Theory of Countercyclical Government Multiplier

I develop a New Keynesian model in which a type of government multiplier doubles when unemployment rises from 5 percent to 8 percent. This multiplier indicates the additional number of workers employed when one worker is hired in the public sector. Graphically, in equilibrium, an upward-sloping quasi-labor supply intersects a downward-sloping labor demand in a (employment, labor market tightness) plane. Increasing public employment stimulates labor demand, which increases tightness and therefore crowds out private employment. Critically, the quasi-labor supply is convex. Hence, when labor demand is depressed and unemployment is high, the increase in tightness and resulting crowding-out are small.
On the Integrated Continuum Radio Spectrum of Supernova Remnant W44 (G34.7-0.4): New Insights From Planck

In this paper, the integrated continuum radio spectrum of supernova remnant (SNR) W44 was analyzed up to 70 GHz, testing the different emission models that can be responsible for its particular shape. The observations by the Planck space telescope made it possible to analyze the high frequency part of radio emission from SNRs. Although the quality of radio continuum spectrum (a high scatter of data points at same frequencies) prevents us to make definite conclusions, the possibility of spinning dust emission detection towards this remnant is emphasized. In addition, a concave-down feature, due to synchrotron losses, can not be definitely dismissed by the present knowledge of the integrated radio continuum spectrum of this SNR. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 176005: Emission Nebulae: Structure and Evolution]
Quality Evaluation and Sensory Profile of Mixed Fruit Juice from Cabbage and Orange

To know through sensory evaluation the optimum formulation of cabbage (Oxylus variety) juice blended with juices from two cultivars of orange (Valencia late and blood) (nine blends) through Design Expert (8.0.7.1 version) software. Each optimum from each orange variety was selected and with a control (100% late Valencia and blood orange), subjected to physicochemical and nutritional analyses (minerals, β-carotene and vitamin C). The optimum formulation of blend was 80% orange Valencia late and 20% cabbage through the sensory attributes by design expert program. Also, the 74% of blood orange and 26% of cabbage was selected in the case of the blood orange variety. There were significant differences (p< 0.05) in the physico-chemical parameters with the exception of the total ash content. The nutritional (β-carotene and vitamin C) contents of two orange varieties and their optimum were significantly different (p<0.05). Also, mineral composition such as zinc, potassium, magnesium, iron and calcium recorded a significant difference (p<0.05) between the blends and the orange varieties. Sensory analysis has revealed a clear profile for the blended mixed juice.
A Pre-Service Mathematics Teacher’s Subject Matter Knowledge of The Mode: A Case Study

In this globalized world, our citizens gain instantaneous access to statistical information via various communication technologies. This has heightened a serious call for the development of statistically literate citizens. Nevertheless, research has highlighted that our school leavers are not very statistically literate which drew the attention to teachers and their knowledge in the enhancement of statistical literacy. This paper presents the analysis of the responses of a case study, named Lina (a pseudonym) related to two tasks on the idea of mode. Data was collected using clinical interview based on open-ended questions as instrument. The findings suggest that Lina could relate the idea of mode to real-life situation. Lina utilised the mode as a form of data representation in certain situations. However, Lina did not utilise the mode as a quick method to report an average. In relation to statistical literacy, the understanding of the mode as a form of data representation can lead to this measure being used as a quick method to report central tendency or average.
Dynamic climatologic processes of barometric cave systems using the example of Jewel Cave and Wind Cave in South Dakota, USA

Jewel and Wind Cave are two big barometric cave systems in SouthDakota, USA. The entrances of Jewel and Wind Cave are roug h ly 50 km apart, and until now it is unknown w h et h er their entrances belong to two separate caves or to one muchlarger cave system. One possibility for testing t h ese two competing h ypot h eses is to measure and analyse t h e climatic conditions in t h e vicinity of t h ese entrances and wit h in t h e caves in detail. In t h is context, t h e t h ermal conditions and air currents are crucial. These in turn can be c h aracterised by t h e spatial and temporal patterns of t h e dynamics of air entering and leaving t h roug h t h e respective entrances; even t h oug h t h ese dynamics are coupled to atmosp h eric pressure fluctuations outside t h e caves, t h ey differ for different cave systems and provide a “fingerprint” t h at h as implications for t h e size and structure of individual cave systems. To give an example, Jewel and Wind Cave as t h e second and fourt h -largest cave systems on eart h s h ow some similarities, but many more noticeable differences regarding t h eir climatological be h aviour, despite t h eir close proximity to eac h ot h er. The last big measurement campaigns on t h e climatic systems of t h e two barometric caves were carried out by Herb and Jan Conn in t h e 1960s, (Conn 1966). Despite t h eir elementary work, t h e tec h nical possibilities were very limited in t h ose days. The self-constructed mechanical measurement equipment could only be used for basic measurements. Herb Conn was still able to identify t h e basic mec h anism very clearly. He also carried out a number of different calculations on barometric air flow t h at remain important up to the present day. During the last 40 years, rapid electronic development has enabled us to use instruments that are far more precise and sensitive. The use of ultrasonic anemometers and dataloggers enables us to take more exact long term measurements. An extensive measurement programme was started in 2001 to fulfil several researchaims, and we are now in a position to decipher the different fingerprints of the caves muchmore reliably.