Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Market Participation Among Pearl Millet Farmers in Dioila Cercle, Mali

In recent years, governmental and non-governmental organizations in Mali have given more attention to agricultural market development to meet consumers demand. This demand marks a model of mass consumption which is related to an increase of the population. Thereby, different programs have been developed to target agricultural value chains and market linkages. The main purpose of this paper was to assess the emerging marketing value chain of pearl millet in Dioila cercle among farmers. The survey was conducted in seven villages. Primary data was collected through face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires and secondary data obtained from the National Office of Trade and Competition, National Office of Market Observatory, and Organization for Consumers in Dioila. The characterization of farmers was done using descriptive statistics. To measure market participation among farmers, Heckman two-step model was used. The finding was that 212 out of 292 of sampled farmers were participating in pearl millet market. Farmers were in three groups (small, medium, and large scale) of production according to the size of land allocated to that crop and at different level of commercialization 57%, 38%, 7% respectively. Each of them was operating individually in three types of markets. Only 4.25% of participating households were female headed and 42.45% of sampled farmers’ wives were homeworkers. In addition, farmers were not receiving any kind of support for pearl millet production. Therefore, households’ quantity harvested, storage conditions, selling to regular buyers, and to wholesalers increased farmers’ likelihood to participate in market while households’ consumption and membership to cereal cooperative decreased their level of participation. Farmers were still practicing the traditional system of production, more land allocated to pearl millet production and labour for weeding were likely to increase their yield; whereas education of the farmer and labour used for land preparation adversely affected the quantity harvested. Keywords: Heckman two-step model, pearl millet farmers, market participation
Blood antioxidant defence in horses during physical exercises

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidative potential of blood during standard physical exercise of horses. The study included 114 clinically healthy horses representing different groups: breeding horses (27), recreation horses (22), and sport horses (65). The group of sport horses consisted of race horses (11), trotters (15), and jumping (25) and driving horses (14). The blood was collected from external jugular vein three times: before exercise, immediately after exercise, and after 30-min rest. The following enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative indices were determined: superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, albumin, total bilirubin, uric acid, and total antioxidant status (TAS). The study demonstrated a temporary post exercise mobilisation of antioxidative mechanisms, especially in cases of intensively trained competitive horses. It was demonstrated that among the antioxidants, the activity of GPx showed the high post-exercise changeability, which suggests a great importance of this enzyme in the protection of the organism from the increased generation of reactive oxygen species. The analysis of results of preexercise examination indicated higher rest values of main antioxidative enzymes and TAS in horses trained regularly and intensively than those in animals of a small physical activity. These results prove the positive influence of training on antioxidative potential of blood in horses.
Applicant and Method Factors Related to Ethnic Score Differences in Personnel Selection: A Study at the Dutch Police

The aim of this study was to examine applicant and method factors related to ethnic score differences on a cognitive ability test, a personality test, an assessment center (AC), an employment interview, and a final employment recommendation in the context of police officer selection (N = 13,526). Score differences between the majority group and the first-generation minority groups were comparable to research findings from the literature. However, score differences between the majority group and second-generation minority groups were much smaller. On the cognitive ability test and the personality test most variability was explained by Dutch language-proficiency. Confirming assumed-characteristics theory, more variability on the interview and the employment recommendation was explained by Dutch language-proficiency and education than on the AC. Unsupportive of complexity–extremity theory, there seemed to be a general tendency to give lower scores to the ethnic minority group.
CHex: An Efficient RDF Storage and Indexing Scheme for Column-Oriented Databases

Abstract —As increasingly large RDF data sets are being published on the Web, effcient RDF data management has become an essential factor in realizing the Semantic Web vision. However, most existing RDF storage schemes, which are built on top of row-store relational databases, are constrained in terms of efficiency and scalability. Still, the growing popularity of the RDF format used in real-world applications arguably calls for an effort to deal with these drawbacks. In this paper, we propose a novel RDF storage and indexing scheme, called CHex, which uses the triple nature of RDF as an asset to implement sextuple indexing for a column-oriented database system. Using binary association tables (BATs) in the column-oriented data model, RDF data is indexed in six possible ways, one for each possible ordering of the three RDF elements. The sextuple indexing scheme in a column-oriented database not only provides efficient single triple pattern lookups, but also allows fast merge-joins for any pair of two triple patterns. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we generate large-scale data sets upto 13 million triples, and devise benchmark queries that cover important RDF join patterns. The experimental results show that our approach outperforms the row-oriented database systems by upto an order of magnitude and is even competitive to the best state-of-the-art native RDF store.
Spectra of eigenstates in fermionic tensor quantum mechanics

We study the $O(N_1)\times O(N_2)\times O(N_3)$ symmetric quantum mechanics of 3-index Majorana fermions. When the ranks $N_i$ are all equal, this model has a large $N$ limit which is dominated by the melonic Feynman diagrams. We derive an integral formula which computes the number of group invariant states for any set of $N_i$. It is non-vanishing only when each $N_i$ is even. For equal ranks the number of singlets exhibits rapid growth with $N$: it jumps from $36$ in the $O(4)^3$ model to $595354780$ in the $O(6)^3$ model. We derive bounds on the values of energy, which show that they scale at most as $N^3$ in the large $N$ limit, in agreement with expectations. We also show that the splitting between the lowest singlet and non-singlet states is of order $1/N$. For $N_3=1$ the tensor model reduces to $O(N_1)\times O(N_2)$ fermionic matrix quantum mechanics, and we find a simple expression for the Hamiltonian in terms of the quadratic Casimir operators of the symmetry group. A similar expression is derived for the complex matrix model with $SU(N_1)\times SU(N_2)\times U(1)$ symmetry. Finally, we study the $N_3=2$ case of the tensor model, which gives a more intricate complex matrix model whose symmetry is only $O(N_1)\times O(N_2)\times U(1)$. All energies are again integers in appropriate units, and we derive a concise formula for the spectrum. The fermionic matrix models we studied possess standard 't Hooft large $N$ limits where the ground state energies are of order $N^2$, while the energy gaps are of order $1$.
In situ measurements of mesospheric turbulence during spring transition of the Arctic mesosphere

The first in situ measurements of turbulence in the upper Arctic mesosphere during the transition period from winter to summer were performed during the MIDAS/SPRING campaign in May 2000 from the Andóya Rocket Range in northern Norway (69°N). The ionization gauge CONE on board two sounding rockets identified height ranges with turbulent neutral density fluctuations which were used to determine turbulent energy dissipation rates. Accompanying in situ temperature measurements with falling spheres and remote wind measurements with a MF radar revealed the rapid seasonal change of the mesosphere's thermal structure and large scale dynamics just during the campaign. Our in situ measurements give evidence of an equally rapid change of the turbulent structure of the mesosphere within only ∼10 days. Models that take into account upward propagating gravity waves which break in the mesosphere show reasonable agreement with our findings.
Determination of Water Conveyance Loss in the Menemen Open Canal Irrigation Network

The aim of this research was to determine water conveyance loss in the open canal irrigation network that serves the irrigation areas on the right and left banks of the Menemen Plain, in the lower part of the Gediz Basin. The research was carried out in the main, secondary, and tertiary canals. Water conveyance loss in the canals was measured by the inflow-outflow method, while water velocity was determined using a current-meter. Statistical relationships between canal types, canal shapes, and seepage loss were also investigated. The water conveyance loss at the main canal level was between 0.5% and 1.3% (0.0071-0.0126 l s -1 m -2 ) per 1 km in the left bank main canal, and between 0.6% and 8.6% (0.0024-0.0361 l s -1 m -2 ) per 1 km in the right bank main canal. The average loss was 3.0% (0.0141 l s -1 m -2 ). At the secondary canal level the average water conveyance loss for the trapezoidal canals on the left bank was 2.0% (0.0615 l s -1 m -2 ) per 100 m and for the concrete flumes on the right bank it was Menemen Ovas› Ac›k Kanal Sulama fiebekesinde Su ‹letim Kay›plar›n›n Belirlenmesi Ozet: Bu cal›flmada, Afla¤› Gediz Havzas› icerisindeki Menemen Ovas›n›n sasahil ve sol sahil sulama alanlar›na hizmet veren ac›k kanal sulama flebekesinde su iletim kay›plar›n›n belirlenmesi amaclanm›flt›r. Cal›flma, ana, sekonder ve tersiyer kanal duzeyinde yurutulmufltur. Kanallarda iletim kay›plar› giren-c›kan ak›m yontemiyle, su ak›mlar› ise muline yard›m›yla belirlenmifltir. Ayr›ca, s›z›m kay›plar›yla kanal tipleri ve kanal flekilleri aras›ndaki istatistiksel iliflkiler araflt›r›lm›flt›r. Ana kanal duzeyinde iletim kay›plar›; sol ana kanal icin 1 km'de % 0.5-1.3 (0.0071-0.0126 l s -1 m ± 4.025) belirlenmifltir. Bununla birlikte kanal tipi ile kanal flekli aras›ndaki interaksiyon etkisi onemli (P < 0.05) bulunmufltur. Ortalama s›z›m kay›plar›n›n, trapez fleklindeki sekonder kanallardan tersiyer kanallara gecildiinde oldukca azald›¤›, buna karfl›n kanalet fleklindeki sekonder kanallardan tersiyer kanallara gecildiinde ise cok az artt›¤› anlafl›lm›flt›r. Bu sonuclar, flebekenin tum ac›k kanallar›nda su iletim kay›plar›n›n 30 y›l onceki ortalama deerlere gore artt›¤›n› ve Turkiye'deki flebekeler icin belirtilen ortalama deer ile ac›k kanallar icin belirtilen iletim kayb› s›n›r deerlerinin uzerinde olduunu gostermektedir. Bu durum ise, flebekedeki tum iletim kanallar›nda bak›m-onar›m cal›flmalar›n›n yeterli olmad›¤›n› ortaya koymaktad›r.
Fire history and the establishment of oaks and maples in second-growth forests

We used dendrochronology to examine the influence of past fires on oak and maple establishment. Six study units were located in southern Ohio, where organized fire control began in 1923. After stand thinning in 2000, we col- lected basal cross sections from cut stumps of oak (n = 137) and maple (n = 204). The fire history of each unit was devel- oped from the oaks, and both oak and maple establishment were examined in relation to fire history. Twenty-six fires were documented from 1870 to1933; thereafter, only two fires were identified. Weibull median fire-return intervals ranged from 9.1 to 11.3 years for the period ending 1935; mean fire occurrence probabilities (years/fires) for the same period ranged from 11.6 to 30.7 years. Among units, stand initiation began ca. 1845 to 1900, and virtually no oak recruitment was recorded after 1925. Most maples established after the cessation of fires. In several units, the last significant fire was followed immediately by a large pulse of maple establishment and the cessation of oak recruitment, indicating a direct re- lationship between fire cessation and a shift from oak to maple establishment. Resume´ : Nous avons eu recours ala dendrochronologie pour etudier l'influence du feu dans le passesur l'etablissement du chene et de l'erable. Six unites experimentales ont etelocalisees dans le sud de l'Ohio oula lutte organisee contre les feux a debuteen 1923. Apres que des peuplements eurent eteeclaircis en 2000, nous avons collectedes sections radiales sur des souches de chene (n = 137) et d'erable (n = 204). Dans chaque unite´, l'historique des feux a eteetabli a partir des chenes et l'etablissement du chene et de l'erable a eteetudieen lien avec l'historique des feux. Vingt-six feux ont etedoc- umentes de 1870 a` 1933; par la suite, seulement deux feux ont eteidentifies. L'intervalle median de Weibull entre les feux variait de 9,1 a 11,3 ans pour la periode se terminant en 1935; la probabilitemoyenne d'occurrence de feux (annees/ feux) pendant la meme periode variait de 11,6 a` 30,7 ans. Parmi les unites, l'origine des peuplements remonte aux envi- rons de 1845 a 1900 et pratiquement aucun chene n'a eterecruteapres 1925. La plupart des erables se sont etablis apres que les feux eurent cesse´. Dans plusieurs unites, le dernier feu important a immediatement etesuivi d'une importante vague d'etablissement de l'erable et de l'arret du recrutement du chene, indiquant qu'il y a une relation directe entre la cessation des feux et le changement marquepar l'etablissement de l'erable au lieu du chene. (Traduit par la Redaction)
CENTRE FOR APPLIED MACRO-AND PETROLEUM ECONOMICS ( CAMP ) CAMP Working Paper Series No 7 / 2014 Does Oil Promote or Prevent Coups ?

A large literature investigates the relation between oil and conflict, yet no empirical study has found any link between oil and coups d’état. Using a new data set on oil production separated into onshore and o↵shore production, and covering 172 countries from 1900 to 2012, onshore oil is seen to promote coup while o↵shore oil prevents them. A likely mechanism is that onshore oil motivates military build-ups, while o↵shore oil does not. From a political leader’s point of view, a large military is a double-edged sword, because it may turn against him and stage a coup. JEL codes: Q34, Q41, D74, H56, O17
ON THE "TRADITIONAL" and "NEW" VIEWS OF DIVIDEND TAXATION

The wait for the forthcoming Treasury report on corporate and individual tax integration has increased interest in the question of whether the "traditional" view or the "new" view of dividend taxes more accurately describes their effects. Unfortunately, despite the fact that the "new" view is actually nearly twenty years old, this issue—which is critical both to evaluating the need for integration and to designing integration schemes—is still unresolved in the literature. This paper summarizes the debate, focusing on the theoretical foundations of both the traditional and new views and on recent empirical tests that distinguish between the competing views.
Responses of periphyton and insects to experimental manipulation of riparian buffer width along forest streams

Summary 1. Riparian trees regulate aquatic ecosystem processes, such as inputs of light, organic matter and nutrients, that can be altered dramatically when these trees are harvested. Riparian buffers (uncut strips of vegetation) are widely used to mitigate the impact of clear-cut logging on aquatic ecosystems but there have been few experimental assessments of their effectiveness. 2. Forests along 13 headwater stream reaches in south-western British Columbia, Canada, were clear-cut in 1998, creating three riparian buffer treatments (30-m buffer, 10-m buffer and clear-cut to the stream edge), or left as uncut controls, each treatment having three or four replicates. 3. We predicted that periphyton biomass and insect consumers would increase as buffer width decreased, because of increased solar flux. We used two complementary studies to test this prediction. 4. In one study, we compared benthic communities before and after logging in all 13 streams; a second study focused on periphyton and insect colonization dynamics over 6-week periods in each of four seasons in four streams, one in each treatment. 5. Photosynthetically active radiation, and mean and maximum water temperature, increased as buffer width narrowed. 6. Periphyton biomass, periphyton inorganic mass and Chironomidae abundance also increased as buffer width narrowed, with the largest differences occurring in the clearcut and 10-m buffer treatments. 7. Photosynthetically active radiation, water temperature, periphyton biomass and periphyton inorganic mass were significantly greater in the 30-m buffer treatment than in controls during some seasons. 8. Synthesis and applications. We have shown that a gradient of riparian buffer widths created a gradient in light and temperature that led to non-linear increases in periphyton biomass and insect abundance. For example, Chironomidae abundance was generally greater in the 10-m and 30-m buffer treatments than in controls, whereas this was not always the case in the clear-cut treatment. This pattern may be due to the high sediment content of the periphyton mat in the clear-cut treatment, which potentially limited the response of some insects to increased food resources. Overall, our results indicate that uncut riparian buffers of 30-m or more on both sides of the stream were needed to limit biotic and abiotic changes associated with clear-cut logging in headwater, forested watersheds.
Amylose content variation of Indonesian cassava genotypes and its correlation with RAPD and AFLP markers.

A total of 20 random decamer primers and 6 primer pairs of RAPD (Random Amplifi ed Polymorphic DNA) and AFLP (Amplifi ed Fragment Length Polymorphism), respectively were screened to analyse over 150 accession numbers of cassava mainly collected in various parts of Indonesia which amylose content ranged between 22.65%-32.53%. Only seven primers (OPE-5, OPE-15, OPF-4, OPF-13, OPH-17, OPE 20, OPB-10) were used for further study and three of them were used to analyse 60-97 genotypes. By correlating the obtained bands with amylose content, fi ve candidate RAPD markers of high amylose i.e. OPE-15 H, OPE-15 I, OPE-15K , OPE-15 L and OPE-15O, and that of high amylopectin i.e. OPE-15-B, OPE-15F and OPE-15I were obtained although further confi rmation were needed. Dendogram constructed based on a combination of three RAPD primers i.e. OPE-15, OPF-4 dan OPF-13 indicated that no distinct pattern between genotypes possessing low amylose with the high amylose one although some genotypes with the same characters were grouped in the same cluster or subclusters. This results were also confi rmed with the results obtained using AFLP. These amylose content variations was also compared with the morphological variation. Effort to obtain genotypes with extreme amylose content is underway through genetic engineering and irradiation with or without crossing combination.
LYSOZYME ACTIVITY AND SOME FITNESS PARAMETERS OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA ON FIVE MAIZE HYBRIDS

The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), which is known as one of the most important economic pests, can cause severe damage to different crops in Iran and many countries of the world. The effect of five maize hybrids: SC260, SC500, SC700, SC704 and DC370 on lysozyme activity in the hemolymph of sixth instar of H. armigera using lytic zone assay and its association with some fitness parameters of this pest was studied in growth chamber (25 ± 1 C, 65 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L : D) h). Our results indicated that except on SC260, the frequency of high immune-activated larvae on the other maize hybrids was lower than that of low immune-activated larvae. The mean lysozyme concentration in H. armigera larval hemolymph was the highest on SC260 (0.096 ± 0.01 mg/ml) and lowest on DC370 (0.060 ± 0.007 mg/ml). The longest pupal period was on SC500 (12.00 ± 0.49 days) and the shortest was on SC700 (10.37 ± 0.19 days). Daily and total fecundities of H. armigera were the highest on DC370 (61.68 ± 9.85 and 196.89 ± 49.30 eggs, respectively) and lowest on SC260 (20.60 ± 5.88 and 52.71 ± 18.80, respectively). The results of this study can provide fundamental information for management of H. armigera on maize hybrids.
Global Supply Chain Integration: Addressing The Trade-Off Between Procurement Cost And Lead Time

This paper aims at studying to what extent companies performing global sourcing adopt integration mechanism with suppliers, both in terms of information sharing and system coupling. Furthermore we analyze in our model the effect of purchasing strategies (i.e. procurement cost reduction and procurement lead time reduction) as relevant explanatory variables for supply chain integration. These research goals are addressed by means of the fourth edition of the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey (IMSS). A Structural Equation Model is developed to test the described relationships. Results show that global sourcing is performed primarily by those companies aiming at reducing procurement cost, while the goal of reducing lead of time is not related to global sourcing, neither negatively. Global sourcing is instead positively related to information sharing adoption but has no direct impact on system coupling. These results partially confirm existing literature but provide also new insights about supply chain integration in a global sourcing context.
Effects of Shade on the Persistence of Cool Season Grasses to Form Turfgrass

Los cespedes de especies mesotermicas presentan dificultades para crecer y persistir bajo sombra en el verano con calidad aceptable. El objetivo fue evaluar la aptitud y persistencia de tres especies mesotermicas para formar cespedes como especie unica, bajo diferentes niveles de sombra, en la Provincia de Cordoba, Argentina (33°07' lat. S, 64°14' long. O). Se evaluo densidad, cobertura, apariencia y peso seco de la biomasa aerea viva y muerta en Festuca rubra L. , Poa trivialis L. y Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw. , con 0, 25, 50 y 80% de reduccion luminica usando mallas sombreadoras plasticas negras. El comportamiento del cesped se modifico a lo largo del tiempo, segun el genotipo evaluado y el nivel de luz en que crecio (p = 0,001). En todas las variables hubo interaccion entre especie × tiempo (p = 0,001); nivel de sombra × tiempo (p = 0,001) y especie × nivel de sombra (p = 0,05). Ninguna de las variedades de las especies estudiadas puede emplearse como genotipo unico para formar cespedes bajo luz solar plena. Con sombras del 25%, solo A. stolonifera produce cubiertas cespitosas de buena calidad, como especie unica, persistiendo hasta el inicio de la segunda estacion estival. Con 50% de sombra, A. stolonifera es la unica especie que persiste dos anos a partir de su implantacion, con muy buena calidad durante el primer ano y solo aceptable en el segundo. Con 80% de sombra, A. stolonifera y P. trivialis persisten con calidad aceptable hasta el inicio de la segunda estacion estival, pero solo A. stolonifera puede sobrevivir durante dos veranos.
Source-Destination Flow on a Road Network

We construct a model of traffic flow with sources and destinations on a roads network. The model is based on a conservation law for the density of traffic and on semilinear equations for traffic-type functions, i.e. functions describing paths for cars. We propose a definition of solution at junctions, which depends on the traffic-type functions. Finally we prove, for every positive time T , existence of entropic solutions on the whole network for perturbations of constant initial data. Our method is based on the wave-front tracking approach.