Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIF-1a is hydroxylated in defined proline residues (Pro-402 and/or Pro-564) of the oxygen-dependent degradation domain by HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). This post-translational modification mediates HIF-1a ubiquitination by the von Hippel-Lindau protein and its subsequent rapid degradation

Reduction in oxygen tension (hypoxia) is involved in various physiological and pathological situations, including birth, ischaemia, cancer and inflammation. Hypoxia triggers an adaptive response in gene expression that aims to minimize cellular dysfunction by ensuring crucial homeostatic processes. One of the main molecular pathways underlying this physiological response is that of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor that binds to hypoxia-response elements and activates over a hundred genes involved in erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, energy metabolism, cell proliferation/survival and apoptosis, among others [reviewed in Ke and Costa (2006)]. Hypoxia-inducible factor is a heterodimeric DNA-binding complex composed of a and b subunits (Wang and Semenza 1995). Although there are three HIF-a proteins (HIF-1a, HIF2a and HIF-3a), HIF-1a has been the most widely studied. Because HIF-b is constitutively expressed, HIF-1 activity depends on the HIF-1a subunit level. HIF-1a consists of the oxygen-dependent degradation domain, basic helix-loophelix domain, Per-ARNT-Sim domain, N-terminal transactivation domain and C-terminal transactivation domain (C-TAD) (Jiang et al. 1997). Under normoxic conditions, HIF-1a is hydroxylated in defined proline residues (Pro-402 and/or Pro-564) of the oxygen-dependent degradation domain by HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). This post-translational modification mediates HIF-1a ubiquitination by the von Hippel-Lindau protein and its subsequent rapid degradation by the proteosome (Huang et al. 1998; Epstein et al. 2001).
pre-mRNA splicing viability and functions in Drosophila BCAS 2 is essential for Material

Here, we show that dBCAS2 (CG4980, human Breast Carcinoma Amplified Sequence 2 ortholog) is essential for the viability of Drosophila melanogaster. We find that ubiquitous or tissue-specific depletion of dBCAS2 leads to larval lethality, wing deformities, impaired splicing, and apoptosis. More importantly, overexpression of hBCAS2 rescues these defects. Furthermore, the C-terminal coiled-coil domain of hBCAS2 binds directly to CDC5L and recruits hPrp19/PLRG1 to form a core complex for splicing in mammalian cells and can partially restore wing damage induced by knocking down dBCAS2 in flies. In summary, Drosophila and human BCAS2 share a similar function in RNA splicing, which affects cell viability.
Neuron Enriched Endosomal Protein of 21 kDa (NEEP21) (Entrez Gene Name: neuron-specific gene family member 1; alias, nsg1, p21), P19 (Entrez Gene Name: neuron-specific gene family member 2; alias, nsg2, p19, p1A75), and calcyon

Calcyon is a neural enriched, single transmembrane protein that interacts with clathrin light chain and stimulates clathrin assembly and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. A similar property is shared by the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP) complexes AP-1, AP-2, and AP-3 which recruit cargoes for insertion into clathrin coated transport vesicles. Here we report that AP medium (l) subunits interact with a YXXØ-type tyrosine motif located at residues 133–136 in the cytoplasmic domain of calcyon. Site specific mutagenesis of the critical tyrosine and bulky hydrophobic residues tyrosine 133 and methionine 136 preferentially abrogated binding of the ubiquitous and neuronal isoforms of l3, and also impacted l1 and l2 binding to a lesser degree. The relevance of these interactions was explored in vivo using mice harboring null alleles of calcyon. As seen in the mutagenesis studies, calcyon deletion in mice preferentially altered the subcellular distribution of AP-3 suggesting that calcyon could regulate membrane-bound pools of AP-3 and AP-3 function. To test this hypothesis, we focused on the hilar region of hippocampus, where levels of calcyon, AP-3, and AP-3 cargoes are abundant. We analyzed brain cryosections from control and calcyon null mice for zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3), and phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase type II alpha (PI4KIIa), two welldefined AP-3 cargoes. Confocal microscopy indicated that ZnT3 and PI4KIIa are significantly reduced in the hippocampal mossy fibers of calcyon knock-out brain, a phenotype previously described in AP-3 deficiencies. Altogether, our data suggest that calcyon directly interacts with l3A and l3B, and regulates the subcellular distribution of AP-3 and the targeting
Comparative biology of Helicoverpa armigera (HUBNER) reared on tomato during different seasons

In present study, experiments on comparative biology of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner were conducted during pre Rabi, Rabi and post Rabi seasons. Results showed that post Rabi season was most preferred where maximum length and breadth of eggs, larval instars, pre pupa, pupa and, adult male and female with minimum hatching period of eggs, duration of larval instars, pre pupa, pupa, adult longevity of H. armigera, were recorded. Rabi season was least preferred with minimum length and breadth and maximum duration of the eggs, larval instars, pre pupa, pupa and, adult male and female development. The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods and mean fecundity were also recorded maximum during post Rabi season. and minimum during Rabi season. With maximum growth index (4.03), post Rabi season was most congenial period for the development, while Rabi season was least with minimum growth index (2.59).
Learning analytics towards identifying the processes of higher order thinking in online discussions of MOOCs

The current evaluation systems in MOOCs lack in knowledge about students’ learning processes. This requires the development of an evaluation system that can automatically track learners’ progress, and constantly inform of what the students need for improvement. The first is to explore how higher order thinking processes in online discussions can be analyzed and to what extent it can be automatized. Ways to assess students’ thinking process in the online discussions were investigated. Then, a new framework was constructed, which helped in designed a coding schema for higher order thinking identification. The coding schema was then used to classify the data manually and further used for teaching a machine learning to identify higher order thinking indicators. The results show that a Supervised Multiclass Classification Model can recognize the indicators of higher order thinking processes and classify the comments of students from the online discussions of a MOOC in three levels of thinking in proportion of 67%, and can make a distinction between lower and higher order thinking in proportion of 85% by using a coding schema designed specifically for the identification of higher order thinking in online discussions.
Lidocaine subgingival irrigation modulates the levels of prostaglandin E2 levels in gingival crevicular fluid after periodontal therapy

The aim of this study has evaluated if lidocaine 2% with 1:100.000 epinephrine used as subgingival irrigation has anti-inflammatory effect after periodontal therapy. Seventeen patients were selected to this paired split mouth randomized, subject-blind study. Each patient had a minimum of two sites labeled and alleatory separated, both with probe depth ≥ 5 mm. Each site were separated in two groups: scaling and root planing + lidocaine 2% with 1:100.000 epinephrine used as subgingival irrigation (LD); and scaling and root planing + saline solution (SRP), both groups were blinded to the examiner. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded: plaque index (PI), bleeding on probe (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Levels of GCF-PGE2 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent. All parameters were recorded at baseline (1 and 3 months) after periodontal treatment. The results indicated reduction of PI, BOP, PD, CAL for LD and SRP groups and GCF-PGE2 levels were reduced in LD group after 3 months periodontal therapy. The LD and SRP groups were equally efficacious to control the periodontal disease after 3 months. However, LD improved the reduction of PGE2 levels and maintains the inhibitory anti-inflammatory effect on PGE2 after 3 months of periodontal treatment. Key words: Lidocaine, periodontal treatment, prostaglandin E2.
[(LGa)2(Sb4)] containing edge-missing Sb4 units

[Cp*Sb]4 (Cp* = C5Me5) reacts with [LMg]2 and LGa with formation of [(LMg)4(4,-Sb4)] {L = i-Pr2NC[N(2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)]2, 1} and [(LGa)2(,-Sb4)] {L = HC[C(Me)N(2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)]2, 2}. The cleavage of the Sb-Sb and Sb-C bonds in [Cp*Sb]4 are the crucial steps in both reactions. The formation of 1 occurred via elimination of the Cp* anion and formation of Cp*MgL, while 2 was formed by reductive elimination of Cp*2 and oxidative addition of LGa to the Sb4 unit. 1 and 2 were characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction and their bonding situation was studied by quantum chemical calculations.
Double auction design on networks

This paper studies a double auction market where a set of sellers sell homogeneous items to a set of buyers and each buyer (seller) buys (sells) one item. Moreover, each buyer is linked to a set of other potential buyers via a network. The goal is to design a double auction such that the buyers are incentivized to invite their neighbours to join the auction to improve the allocation efficiency and the sellers' revenue, which is not achievable under the existing double auction mechanisms. Moreover, it is well-known that budget balance is not compatible with other desirable properties at the same time. Hence, we design double auction mechanisms that both incentivize buyers to invite their neighbours and guarantee budget balance. We first show that an extension of McAfee's trade reduction [8] cannot achieve this. Therefore, we propose a new mechanism called Double Network Auction (DNA) to guarantee the properties.
The Causal Link between Spending and Revenue: The Lao PDR

With this paper, we investigate the link between spending and revenue for the Lao PDR during the period of 1980 to 2010. We apply an approach that uses cointegration and an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) combined with a Granger causality within a vector error correction framework (VECM). The results disclose that a long-run causality exists between government spending and revenue. This causality is unidirectional from spending to revenue, which supports the spend-and-tax hypothesis. Our results can help policy makers determine whether government spending is primarily the outcome of an increase in tax revenue necessary to finance the spending.
Development and Evaluation of Intranasal Mucoadhesiv Microspheres of Neostigmine Bromide

Purpose: Neostigmine bromide, a cholinesterase inhibitor is conventionally given by oral route for the treatment of myasthenia gravis. However, it is very poorly absorbed from gastro-intestinal tract. Intranasal administration is an ideal alternative to the parenteral route for systemic drug delivery. Formulating multiparticulate system with mucoadhesive polymers may provide a significant increase in the nasal residence time. The aim of the present approach was to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional dosage forms of Neostigmine Bromide by formulating intranasal microspheres with Carbopol 974P NF and HPMC K15 M along with film forming polymer ethyl cellulose. Methods: The microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method. The prepared microspheres were characterized for encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, particle size, and surface morphology, degree of swelling, in-vitro mucoadhesion, drug release, in-vivo studies and stability studies. Results: Formulations IN 1 and IN 5 displayed the best results for Carbopol and HPMC based microspheres respectively. Entrapment efficiency was 75.74±0.50% and 70.27±0.61%; mucoadhesion was 98.5% and 85.3%; and drug release up to 8 h was 87.86% and 84.5% for IN 1 and IN 5 respectively. In-vivo studies revealed that the formulations IN 1 and IN 5 showed good bioavailability compared to oral drug administration. Conclusion: Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies conclude that Carbopol based microspheres are better than HPMC based microspheres for the delivery of Neostigmine Bromide.
Assessment of building maintenance management practices of higher education institutions in Niger State - Nigeria

Higher education institutions face immediate pressure to preserve existing building facilities within the campuses and enhance the capacity of their higher education system to address growing demands of an increasing influx of students and academic activities. There is no doubt that dilapidated and unhealthy buildings in a decaying environment depresses the quality of life and contributes in some measure to antisocial behaviours. The buildings of higher education institutions in Nigeria only receive top management attention when there is a problem. Hence, the paper assessed the building maintenance management practices of 6 higher institutions available (2 universities, 2 polytechnics and 2 colleges of education) in Niger State. This was done by interviewing the Directors of Works of the 6 institutions using a structured interview method. The study revealed that there was no maintenance manual in any of the Works Department of the higher education institution, no user satisfaction survey has ever been conducted and none of the institutions had a computerised maintenance management system (CMMS) in place. In addition to these, corrective maintenance was mostly adopted and there was inadequate staffing of the field operatives. All these shortcomings might be responsible for the backlog of maintenance work experienced in the institutions studied. A proactive maintenance system should be put in place, CMMS should be adopted to enhance effective maintenance work, and top management should be enlightened on the imperative of maintenance among other issues competing for funds within the institutions and be more flexible in allocation of resources to enhance maintenance works.Keywords: maintenance, practices, higher education institutions, Niger State
Assessment on Peri-Urban Dairy Production System and Evaluation of Quality of Cows’ Raw Milk: A Case of Shambu, Fincha and Kombolcha Towns of Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional survey and raw milk laboratory analysis were conducted with the objectives of determining peri-urban dairy production system and quality of cow’s raw milk of Shambu, Fincha and Kombolcha towns of Horro Guduru Wollega zone. Ninty peri-urban householder dairy producers were selected randomly with 30 householde producers representing each town. For microbial study, thirty-(30) raw cow milk samples were collected from three towns. 50ml representative individual milk sample were taken aseptically from the bulk tank into sterile glass bottles within 15mins of milking, labeled and kept on ice for transportation to Holleta Dairy Microbiology laboratory. The means and standard deviations of total farmland, crop land and grazing land holdings of individual householder producers were 0.97±1.25, 0.87±1.18 and 0.86±0.23 respectively. The (mean and SD) age at first calving (AFC) for local cows was 46.22±12.15 where as it was 36.68±12.77 for cross breed cows. The (mean ± SD) AFC was significantly (P<0.05) shorter for cross breed heifers. Milk productivity in the study area was 1.52 and 7.21 litres/cow/day for local cows and for cross breed cows respectively. Dairy (mean ± SD) productivity difference among local and cross breed cows was highly significant (P<0.001) where cross breed cows yields were about five folds higher than local cows. The mean and standard deviation of standard plate count (SPC) was 9.73±0.49, 9.62±0.31 and 9.78±0.38 log 10 cfu ml -1 for Shambu, Fincha and Kombolcha towns respectively. The overall mean and standard deviation coliform count found was 5.6±0.38, 5.7±0.09 and 5.4±0.33 log 10 cfu ml -1 for Shambu, Fincha and Kombolcha towns respectively. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in coliform count of cows’ raw milk. Keywords: Bacterial load Ethiopia Horro Guduru Peri-Urban Dairying Raw milk
Manipulating task constraints shapes emergence of herding tendencies in team games performance

The herding phenomenon is observed in nature and has been perceived to be less desirable use of space in impacting overall team play performance. The effective manipulating of rules and task constraints might be able to alter herding tendencies in sport performance. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of altering task constraints on herding tendencies, measured with the use of cluster phase analysis, which has also been used to analyse the synchrony exhibited by performers in invasion games such as professional association football matches. In this study, tracking positional data of individual players in a simulated pass and catch game was undertaken, with no specific verbal instructions provided to participants on how and where to move so that emergent behavioural tendencies could be observed. Data revealed how task constraint manipulations impacted on herding tendencies. Manipulation of task constraints revealed higher levels of clustering tendencies in the herding condition compared to the non-herding condition. Within the herding condition, between-team synchrony was also strong, especially in the longitudinal direction. Ball possession also seemed to have some impact on within-team synchrony. Findings provided preliminary evidence on how manipulating task constraints can be effective in altering herding tendencies in team games.
Assimilation of Odin/SMR O3 and N2O measurements in a three‐dimensional chemistry transport model

A method for assimilating observations of long-lived species such as ozone (O-3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in a three-dimensional chemistry transport model (3D-CTM) is described. The model is forced by the temperature and wind analyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The O-3 and N2O fields used in this study are obtained from the Sub-Millimeter Radiometer (SMR) aboard the Odin satellite. The assimilation technique used is the sequential statistical interpolation approach. The parametrization of the error covariance matrix of the model forecast field is described. A sensitivity study of the system parameters is done in terms of the OMF (observation minus forecast) vector also called "innovation'' vector and in terms of the chi(2) (chi-square) test. The effect of the correlation distances is critical for the assimilated field. The RMS ( root mean square) of the OMF for the correlation distances is minimal for values of 1500 km in the meridional direction and 500 km in the zonal direction for both O-3 and N2O. The treatment of the meridional distance as a function of latitude does not reveal an important improvement. The chi(2) diagnostic shows that the asymptotic value of the model error ( the model error of saturation) is optimal for the value of 12.5% for O-3 and 18% for N2O. We demonstrate the applicability of the developed assimilation method for the Odin/SMR data. We also present first results of the assimilation of Odin/SMR ozone and nitrous oxide for the period from 22 December 2001 to 17 January 2002.
Numerical analysis of vibration and transient behaviour of laminated composite curved shallow shell structure: An experimental validation

The natural frequency and the transient responses of Carbon/Epoxy layered composite plate structure have been analysed with the help of two higher-order mid-plane kinematics models in this article. The mathematical formulation of the layered composite structure is further utilised to develop a computer programme in MATLAB-15.0, to evaluate the said responses. The practical relevance of the present higher-order models has been established via comparing the present numerical results computed using suitable MATLAB computer code with the in-house experimental test data. Additionally, the fundamental frequency and the transient responses of the carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composite plate structure are simulated via finite element package (ANSYS) with the help of ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) code. The simulated frequencies are compared with those of the present experimental and MATLAB results. Finally, the significance of the proposed higher-order kinematics has been established via solving a different kind of illustrations to investigate the influence of various geometrical and material parameter on the dynamic responses of layered composite structure and discussed in detail.
Two-Dimensional < ’ Microchannel Turns fbr Electrophoretic or Electroos

Analytical and numerical methods are employed to investigate species transport by electrophoretic or electroosmotic motion in the curved geometry of a two-dimensional turn. Closed-form analytical solutions describing the turn-induced diiYusive and d~persive spreading of a species band are presented for both the low and high Peclet number limits. We find that the spreading due to dispersion is proportional to the product of the turn included angle and the Peclet number at low Peclet numbers. It is proportional to the square of the included angle and independent of the Peclet number when the Peclet number is large. A composite solution applicable to all Peclet numbers is constructed from these limiting behaviors. Numerical solutions for species transport in a turn are also presented over a wide range of the included angle and the mean turn radius. Based on comparisons between the analytical and numerical results, we find that the analytical solutions provide very good estimates of both dispersive and difEusive spreading provided that the mean turn radius exceeds the channel width. These new solutions also agree well with data from a previous study. Optimum conditions minimizing total spresdiig in a turn are presented and discussed.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in the Cecum of a Horse

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are defined as specific CD117-(Kit, stem cell factor receptor) expressing tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They are believed to originate from the interstitial pacemaker cells of Cajal (ICC) or their progenitor cells. In horses only a few cases of GISTs are described in the literature. In the present paper the macroscopical, histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of an equine cecal GIST are described.
Socio-Demographic Correlates of Child Size at Birth in Nigeria

In Nigeria, studies that examined child size at birth and its associated factors were based mostly on weighted births. Child size at birth based on subjective assessment has been less studied in the country. This study examined association between socio-demographic factors and child size at birth. The study was based on data extracted from Kids recode of 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The weighted sample size was 21,161 live births. The outcome variable was child size at birth categorised into small size, average size and large size. The explanatory variables were selected socio-demographic characteristics. The ordered logistic regression was applied at the multivariate level. Findings showed that to a significant extent, a number of socio-demographic characteristics such as household wealth, women’s autonomy, place of residence, household size, household source of drinking water, geographic region, maternal education, age at first birth, sex of the child, and gestation type were associated with child size at birth. Interventions to address incidences of either small or large size at birth should not ignore the socio-demographic context, as well as household characteristics of mothers and children.