Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An AC Driving Pixel Circuit Compensating for TFTs Threshold-Voltage Shift and OLED Degradation for AMOLED

This paper presents an ac driving pixel circuit for active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays, which is composed of one driving thin-film transistor (TFT), three switching TFTs and one capacitor. The proposed pixel circuit can not only make OLED work at the ac driving mode, but also effectively compensate for the threshold-voltage shift of the driving TFT and the degradation of OLED. Simulation results show that the nonuniformity of the proposed pixel circuit is significantly reduced (<; 10%) with an average value of 4.2% compared with that of the conventional 2T1C pixel circuit, and thus, the brightness uniformity of AMOLED displays can be enhanced. Moreover, a high contrast ratio can be achieved by the proposed pixel circuit due to no light emitting except for the emission period, as well as a relatively high aperture ratio due to a small number of components.
Hedge Funds and Prime Brokers: The Role of Funding Risk

Using a unique data set with information on individual hedge funds and prime brokers this paper analyses three potential determinants of hedge funds' funding risk: financial distress of prime brokers, reliance on multiple prime brokers and large investor redemptions. The paper thereby contributes to our understanding of the embeddedness of hedge funds in the financial system. Our findings show that an increase in prime brokers’ distress is associated with a significant decline in fund performance. Hedge funds benefit from relying on multiple prime brokers in having significantly higher returns. Depending on the length of the restriction period, requests for large investor redemptions affect fund returns over consecutive months, indicating the investment into more illiquid assets.
What is an atypical antipsychotic?

This is an exciting time for research into the drug treatment of schizophrenia. Modern techniques in imaging and molecular biology have contributed to our understanding of the receptor mechanisms of antipsychotic drug action. Several new antipsychotics are, or will shortly be, available and each of these new drugs promise improvements over classical antipsychotics. This review will discuss the concept of atypicality in antipsychotic drugs, and will describe some of the models for identification of improved antipsychotic action. The various receptor mechanisms proposed to underlie atypical antipsychotic action, several of which have featured in recent debates in this journal, will be considered in the light of the pharmacology of some of the newly- emerging antipsychotic drugs.
Reading and a Diffusion Model Analysis of Reaction Time

Processing speed is associated with reading performance. However, the literature is not clear either on the definition of processing speed or on why and how it contributes to reading performance. In this study we demonstrated that processing speed, as measured by reaction time, is not a unitary construct. Using the diffusion model of two-choice reaction time, we assessed processing speed in a series of same–different reaction time tasks for letter and number strings. We demonstrated that the association between reaction time and reading performance is driven by processing speed for reading-related information, but not motor or sensory encoding speed.
Current management of acoustic neuromas: review of surgical approaches and outcomes

The management options for patients with acoustic neuromas is discussed with a review of 164 patients assessed and treated between 1994 and 1998. Twenty-one patients have neurofibromatosis type II. In 33 cases initial observation was undertaken with repeated imaging. Surgical removal of 122 tumours was performed in 121 patients. Eleven of these patients have NF2, of whom three underwent Auditory Brainstem Implantation. Hearing preservation tumour removal was attempted in 37 and was successful in 20 (54%). The middle cranial fossa approach was used in ten cases with 100% successful hearing preservation. The retrosigmoid approach was used in 27 cases with 36% successful hearing preservation. Non-hearing preservation tumour removal was performed in 85 cases where hearing was poor or the tumour measured more than 2 cm within the cerebellopontine angle. The translabyrinthine approach was used in 80 of these patients. Postoperative facial nerve outcome was dependent on tumour size. All 38 patients with tumours </= 1.5 cm have normal (Grade 1) facial function. For all sized tumours, 90% of patients have good facial function (82% Grade 1, 8% Grade 2), 7% of patients have moderate function (6% Grade 3 and 1% Grade 4) and only 3% of patients have poor function (2% Grade 5, 1% Grade 6). Lasting complications were minimal with no operative mortality and eight patients (6.4%) suffering CSF fistulae. Seven patients in this series have had stereotactic radiation with variable outcome. The radiobiology of both single dose and fractionated stereotactic radiation is described and the current role of stereotactic radiation in the management of acoustic neuromas is discussed. Surgical tumour removal by an experienced multi-disciplinary team remains the primary treatment modality for acoustic neuromas. The middle cranial fossa approach is recommended for management of intracanalicular tumours. The translabyrinthine approach facilitates facial nerve preservation, particularly in patients with large tumours.
Ultra high spatial and temporal resolution breast imaging at 7T

There is a need to obtain higher specificity in the detection of breast lesions using MRI. To address this need, Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced (DCE) MRI has been combined with other structural and functional MRI techniques. Unfortunately, owing to time constraints structural images at ultra‐high spatial resolution can generally not be obtained during contrast uptake, whereas the relatively low spatial resolution of functional imaging (e.g. diffusion and perfusion) limits the detection of small lesions. To be able to increase spatial as well as temporal resolution simultaneously, the sensitivity of MR detection needs to increase as well as the ability to effectively accelerate the acquisition. The required gain in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) can be obtained at 7T, whereas acceleration can be obtained with high‐density receiver coil arrays. In this case, morphological imaging can be merged with DCE‐MRI, and other functional techniques can be obtained at higher spatial resolution, and with less distortion [e.g. Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI)]. To test the feasibility of this concept, we developed a unilateral breast coil for 7T. It comprises a volume optimized dual‐channel transmit coil combined with a 30‐channel receive array coil. The high density of small coil elements enabled efficient acceleration in any direction to acquire ultra high spatial resolution MRI of close to 0.6 mm isotropic detail within a temporal resolution of 69 s, high spatial resolution MRI of 1.5 mm isotropic within an ultra high temporal resolution of 6.7 s and low distortion DWI at 7T, all validated in phantoms, healthy volunteers and a patient with a lesion in the right breast classified as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) IV. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of asset valuation methods for civil infrastructure

The paper describes the role of asset valuation within asset management, followed by a comparison of asset valuation methods and application. Using the City of Edmonton pavement database as a case, the network asset valuation is calculated for five valuation methods to gain an understanding of the variation between methods and as such the impact of selecting one approach over another. Uncertainty is investigated through the use of Monte Carlo simulation to calculate asset value using probability distributions for key variables in the calculations. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E212095.
Horizon Goals and Risk Taking in Mutual Funds

This paper studies the relationship between mutual fund manager investment horizons and managerial risk-taking decisions. I find that in general mutual funds reporting longer maximum evaluation horizons have lower risk levels. The low risk levels helped these funds mitigate their losses in the financial crisis. The negative relationship remains robust for different sample periods and investment horizon proxies. In a simple stochastic setting, I show the relationship between investment horizon and optimal risk taking is indeed negative for managers confident in their investment abilities. Overall, this paper provides evidence supporting the industry wisdom that shortsightedness of fund managers leads to strong incentives to take risk.
Short Sales, Margin Trades and Bid-Ask Spreads

This study examines intraday patterns of short sales, margin purchases, adverse selection, and bid-ask spreads in the order-drivenmarket of the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE). We find that both short sales and margin purchases exhibit a U-shaped intraday pattern in the TWSE. We further show that short sales and margin purchases have a significantly positive relationship with adverse selection and bid-ask spreads. We provide evidence that the U-shaped pattern of bid-ask spreads can be explained by short selling and margin trading activities.
World Wide Web Diffusion Among Indonesian Bank Employees: a case of international research in information systems

This paper investigates the roles of formal and informal networks and perceived compatibility with task/ work in World Wide Web (WWW) diffusion among Indonesian bank employees. In doing so the paper also provides insights into various factors that influence the international information system research processes. It is anticipated that these factors (or some variations) will be important determinants of the success of any international IS research. A structural equation model is first developed based on an extensive literature review for the WWW diffusion. Data is collected via a questionnaire based survey in Indonesian banks following the process of international IS research. The results show that the informal network and compatibility are significant factors of WWW diffusion among the Indonesian banking employees, but the formal network is not. Possible explanations of the results are provided from cultural perspectives.
A real-time super-resolution robot audition system that improves the robustness of simultaneous speech recognition

Abstract This study addresses a framework for a robot audition system, including sound source localization (SSL) and sound source separation (SSS), that can robustly recognize simultaneous speeches in a real environment. Because SSL estimates not only the location of speakers but also the number of speakers, such a robust framework is essential for simultaneous speech recognition. Moreover, improvement in the performance of SSS is crucial for simultaneous speech recognition because the robot has to recognize the individual source of speeches. For simultaneous speech recognition, current robot audition systems mainly require noise-robustness, high resolution, and real-time implementation. Multiple signal classification (MUSIC) based on standard Eigenvalue decomposition (SEVD) and Geometric-constrained high-order decorrelation-based source separation (GHDSS) are techniques utilizing microphone array processing, which are used for SSL and SSS, respectively. To enhance SSL robustness against noise while detecting simultaneous speeches, we improved SEVD-MUSIC by incorporating generalized Eigenvalue decomposition (GEVD). However, GEVD-based MUSIC (GEVD-MUSIC) and GHDSS mainly have two issues: (1) the resolution of pre-measured transfer functions (TFs) determines the resolution of SSL and SSS and (2) their computational cost is expensive for real-time processing. For the first issue, we propose a TF-interpolation method integrating time-domain-based and frequency-domain-based interpolation. The interpolation achieves super-resolution robot audition, which has a higher resolution than that of the pre-measured TFs. For the second issue, we propose two methods for SSL: MUSIC based on generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD-MUSIC) and hierarchical SSL (H-SSL). GSVD-MUSIC drastically reduces the computational cost while maintaining noise-robustness for localization. In addition, H-SSL reduces the computational cost by introducing a hierarchical search algorithm instead of using a greedy search for localization. These techniques are integrated into a robot audition system using a robot-embedded microphone array. The preliminary experiments for each technique showed the following: (1) The proposed interpolation achieved approximately 1-degree resolution although the TFs are only at 30-degree intervals in both SSL and SSS; (2) GSVD-MUSIC attained 46.4 and 40.6% of the computational cost compared to that of SEVD-MUSIC and GEVD-MUSIC, respectively; (3) H-SSL reduced 71.7% of the computational cost to localize a single speaker. Finally, the robot audition system, including super-resolution SSL and SSS, is applied to robustly recognize four sources of speech occurring simultaneously in a real environment. The proposed system showed considerable performance improvements of up to 7% for the average word correct rate during simultaneous speech recognition, especially when the TFs were at more than 30-degree intervals.
Secondary-electron cascade in attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy from metals

Attosecond spectroscopy is currently restricted to photon energies around 100 eV. We show that under these conditions, electron-electron scatterings, as the photoelectrons leave the metal, give rise to a tail of secondary electrons with lower energies and hence a significant background. We develop an analytical model based on an approximate solution to Boltzmann's transport equation to account for the amount and energy distribution of these secondary electrons. Our theory is in good agreement with the electron spectrum found in a recent attosecond streaking experiment. To suppress the background and gain higher-energy resolution, photon sources of higher energy could be advantageous.
The Size of Venture Capital Funds’ Portfolios: Evidence from Mainland China

Through three rounds of total coverage survey on VC funds in Mainland China, we receive 41 VC fund samples. This paper, we empirically test the relation among the size of VC fund portfolios, entrepreneurs’ profit share and exogenous factors and find: (1) the portfolio size of a VC fund significantly varies non-monotonically with entrepreneurs’ profit share, the number of venture firms is first increasing when entrepreneurs’ profit share is low and then decreasing when it is high; (2) entrepreneurs’ profit share is significantly positive related with the number of venture firms in a VC fund; (3) government-sponsored VCs invest more venture firms but retain less profit share in a venture firm.
Investors' Overconfidence in Primary Markets

We test whether investors in primary markets also exhibit overconfidence. Using data from 77 Taiwanese discriminatory IPO auctions, we test the overconfidence hypothesis for three types of investors (i.e. bidders in auctions): male individuals, female individuals, and institutional investors. We find that the male, the female, and institutional investors in our sample do indeed exhibit overconfidence in bidding for IPO shares; the male have a higher degree of overconfidence than do the female and the institutional investors. We further test whether the overconfidence found stems from self-attribution bias, which in our study might suggest that investors who gain from previous IPOs will bid subsequent IPOs with a more aggressive price, while investors who lose in previous IPOs do not recede in their bidding price for subsequent IPOs. Our results document such evidence for individual investors.
Testing Antiepileptic Drugs In Children

Few drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration specifically for the treatment of pediatric patients with epilepsy in the United States. There are many factors that make tests of drugs in this group different from studies among adults. This report reviews issues that must be considered in designing studies that will help bring to market antiepileptic drugs for children. Information on the wide variety of antiepileptic drugs rapidly being developed can only be obtained through well-controlled, well-designed clinical trials. Despite the obstacles and pitfalls, trials among the pediatric population are necessary to establish the unique efficacy and safety profile of each drug and to determine the target population most likely to benefit from each drug. (J Child Neurol 1994;9(Suppl):S26-S32)
Distress Risk and Stock Returns in the U.K. Industrials Industry

In this dissertation, a dynamic logit model for bankruptcy prediction within the UK Industrials sectors is developed based on Campbell et al (2008) proposal. By investigating different variables, it is evident that market-driven predictors are more dominant in forecasting failure events during the last decade. The study also explores the relation between distress risk and stock returns within the industry. In contrast to most of prior literature on the same topic (Dichev, 1998; Campbell et al, 2008; Agarwal and Taffler, 2008b), the results show that distresses stocks, which have higher probabilities of bankruptcy, outperform non-distressed stocks. More importantly, the study examines closer the link between the firms’ size characteristic and the distress factor to derive profitable investment strategies. Surprisingly to certain extent, its finding suggests that in order to earn higher returns investors should pick stocks of small-sized firms with higher bankrupt probabilities.
Memory Performance in Severely Depressed Patients Treated by Electroconvulsive Therapy

Objectives: Depression is accompanied by disturbed implicit (unconscious) and explicit (conscious) memory functions. The aim was the assessment of immediate and delayed verbal and visual memory functions, concentration/attention during the course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment. Methods: Twenty severely depressed, drug-treatment resistant, elderly patients were assessed with the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) before and at the end of the ECT series. Results: Patients revealed deficits in acquisition (immediate verbal and visual memory), attention/concentration, and retrieval of information (delayed memory) before ECT. After ECT, significant improvements were observed in immediate memory but not in delayed memory. Although higher total stimulation levels (millicoulombs) (P = 0.015) were associated with improvements in immediate visual memory, we found that longer duration of convulsions (P = 0.016) as well as lower levels of stimulation at last ECT (P = 0.036) were associated with improvements in immediate verbal memory. Moreover, we found that stimulation energy (millicoulombs) in total and at last ECT was the best predictor among several clinical and ECT parameters of improved visual memory and concentration and decreased verbal and general memory. Conclusions: Prefrontal cortex-related memory processes, especially immediate memory encoding, improved after ECT, whereas long-term memory remained impaired, indicating that severely depressed patients remain cognitively inferior to normal subjects despite clinically successful treatment. This study may yield a better understanding of the time course of memory alterations in severely depressed patients receiving ECT. Improvement of immediate memory may be essential for establishing normal daily activities of life in the recovery phase of depression.
Improving minority blood donation: anthropologic approach in a migrant community

BACKGROUND: As a result of blood group polymorphism, distinctive blood types have evolved in populations around the world. In countries with large migrant populations, finding rare blood types for transfusion can be challenging. This is especially true for sub‐Saharan African immigrants living in countries with predominantly European populations. This problem is further compounded by hereditary disorders such as sickle cell disease and by traditional cultural values that discourage routine donation.
Poor Succession Planning by Entrepreneurs: The Bane of Generational Enterprises in South-East, Nigeria

The Ibos of South-East Nigeria are renowned for their zeal and tenacity in business; spanning decades, yet there are no corporations that are in their third or fourth generation. This is as a result of poor attitude to succession planning. This article . a survey research, covered the commercial cities of South-East region of Nigeria. The findings include: majority of enterprises are not incorporated and over 94% of entrepreneurs have no succession plans. The factors responsible for these are: (a) the feelings that the entrepreneurs are still strong and healthy (b) uninterested children and relations; (c) entrepreneurs not knowing what succession planning is all about; and (d) no capable hand yet/fear of mismanagement. Based on these findings, the article made recommendations which will greatly assist the South-East region of Nigeria to have hundreds and thousands of generational enterprises, which in turn, will aid the country.s quest to be a major global economic player in the year 2020. Key words : Entrepreneurs, South-East Nigeria, Succession Planning, Generational Enterprises, SMEs
Fakin It: Counterfeiting and Consumer Contradictions

Fashion counterfeiting is a multimillion pound business and one which relies on the complicity of the consumer. Frequently seen as a victimless crime, it is a difficult trade to control because as long as consumers desire brands, the greater the market for counterfeits. In this study we consider the way in which consumers relate to fake brands and the implications of counterfeit for consumers creating their identity through commodities. The results point to an inherent and fundamental contradiction in consumers views on counterfeit, willing to buy and wear the fakes but condemning the duplicity of those who do.
Chemoembolization of hepatic metastases from ocular melanoma: assessment of response with contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MRI.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of assessment of tumor size and enhancement with diffusion-weighted and conventional MRI in the evaluation of response to transarterial chemoembolization therapy for metastatic ocular melanoma. CONCLUSION In patients with ocular melanoma and liver metastasis treated with transarterial chemoembolization, functional MRI showed significant changes in the lesions. These changes included a decrease in tumor enhancement and an increase in the apparent diffusion coefficient of the tumor, suggesting increasing tumor necrosis and cell death.
Does More Informed Trading Necessarily Lead to Higher Expected Returns?

This paper examines the dual e ffects of informed trading on expected returns: information transmission and information risk. We show that the relationship between informed trading and expected returns can be non-linear in theory and is indeed non-linear empirically. Specifically, the relationship turns out to be U-shaped. Further, we demonstrate that these information eff ects are more apparent under high information uncertainty i.e. young, volatile, or no analyst coverage stocks.