Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of institute and educational level on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hepatitis B and C and vaccination of hepatitis B among medical students of Karachi, Pakistan.

Background: Medical students are usually at high risk of exposure to hepatitis virus. Though, studies revealedthat less knowledge, low attitude and practice rate were found among these students for infections.Objective: To determine the effects of type of college (private/public) and educational level (pre-clinical/clinicalgroup) on the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hepatitis B and C viruses, and vaccination status amongmedical students.Subjects And Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in 7 undergraduate medical colleges/universitiesof Karachi. Data were collected from October 2007 to February 2008 through convenient sampling technique.A pre-tested questionnaire was distributed among 1509 students after taking verbal consent. It contained questionsregarding awareness about prevention and transmission, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B and C. In addition,it also inquired about the vaccination status of hepatitis B, the awareness of students regarding post exposureprophylaxis and the observations during their clinical rotations. The years of education were categorized intopre-clinical (1st and 2nd year) and clinical (3rd, 4th and 5th years) groups. Chi square was used to find theassociation between type of colleges and level of education (pre-clinical/clinical) with response variables.Results: Out of 1509 subjects surveyed, 937 (62.1%) were from public administered colleges and 794 (52.6%)were from clinical group. Eighty five percent of the respondents indicated that they were aware of availabilityof a vaccine for hepatitis B. Clinical group showed significantly higher percentage than pre-clinical group. Only57.1% of the students displayed excellent knowledge about the routes of spread of hepatitis B & C. Studentsof private colleges portrayed relatively better knowledge for treatment procedures than public college students(P<0.0001). Clinical group and private college students showed significantly higher knowledge of availabilityof post exposure prophylaxis for hepatitis B. 53.4% interviewees considered that a patient with hepatitis B shouldabandon the sexual contacts. About 71% of the respondents were found to be vaccinated with all the 3 doses.Our study revealed a relatively better practicing attributes among private college students, and therefore lesseraccidental needle pricking episodes were found in the same group.Conclusions: Students from private institutes and clinical group showed higher knowledge, attitude and practicerelated to hepatitis B & C viruses.
Political Economy of Public Policies: Insights from Distortions to Agricultural and Food Markets

The agricultural and food sector is an ideal case for investigating the political economy of public policies. Many of the policy developments in this sector since the 1950s have been sudden and transformational, while others have been gradual but persistent. This paper reviews and synthesizes the literature on trends and fluctuations in market distortions and the political-economy explanations that have been advanced. Based on a rich global data set covering a half-century of evidence on commodities, countries, and policy instruments, the paper identifies hypotheses that have been explored in the literature on the extent of market distortions and the conditions under which reform may be feasible.
eview atural zeolites as effective adsorbents in water and wastewater treatment

Natural zeolites are abundant and low cost resources, which are crystalline hydrated aluminosilicates with a framework structure containing pores occupied by water, alkali and alkaline earth cations. Due to their high cation-exchange ability as well as to the molecular sieve properties, natural zeolites have been widely used as adsorbents in separation and purification processes in the past decades. In this paper, we review the recent development of natural zeolites as adsorbents in water and wastewater treateywords:
Factor Structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition among Gifted Students

Factor analysis was applied to the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition (WISC-III) scores of 505 gifted students to evaluate the construct validity of the WISC-III with this population. Multiple criteria were used to determine the number of factors to retain for principal axis extraction. A two-factor solution that roughly mirrored the verbal comprehension and perceptual organization factors of the WISC-III normative sample appeared to be most supportable. Arithmetic, Picture Arrangement, and Coding subtests failed to contribute to this solution. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that subtests that emphasize speed of responding are not valid for gifted children and suggest that an alternative WISC-III composite score, the General Ability Index, may be a better summary of ability for gifted students.
Attributing the impacts of land-cover changes in temperate regions on surface temperature and heat fluxes to specific causes: Results from the first LUCID set of simulations

[1] Surface cooling in temperate regions is a common biogeophysical response to historical Land-Use induced Land Cover Change (LULCC). The climate models involved in LUCID show, however, significant differences in the magnitude and the seasonal partitioning of the temperature change. The LULCC-induced cooling is directed by decreases in absorbed solar radiation, but its amplitude is 30 to 50% smaller than the one that would be expected from the sole radiative changes. This results from direct impacts on the total turbulent energy flux (related to changes in land-cover properties other than albedo, such as evapotranspiration efficiency or surface roughness) that decreases at all seasons, and thereby induces a relative warming in all models. The magnitude of those processes varies significantly from model to model, resulting on different climate responses to LULCC. To address this uncertainty, we analyzed the LULCC impacts on surface albedo, latent heat and total turbulent energy flux, using a multivariate statistical analysis to mimic the models' responses. The differences are explained by two major ‘features’ varying from one model to another: the land-cover distribution and the simulated sensitivity to LULCC. The latter explains more than half of the inter-model spread and resides in how the land-surface functioning is parameterized, in particular regarding the evapotranspiration partitioning within the different land-cover types, as well as the role of leaf area index in the flux calculations. This uncertainty has to be narrowed through a more rigorous evaluation of our land-surface models.
Provider-Patient Communication, Patient-Centered Care, and the Mangle of Practice

Patient-centered care (PCC) is a popular movement among health services re- searchers, health policy analysts, and health professionals. PCC requires that patient needs, preferences, and beliefs be respected at all times. The PCC movement is an outgrowth of macrosocial trends, including the aging of the population, the growth of chronic illness, the focus on quality, the advent of managed care, and the realization that psychosocial factors impact on health. Although recognizing the import of psychosocial factors, PCC still lacks an overarching integrative theory that explains how biological and psychosocial factors can simultaneously affect health. Thus, communication research and clinical research from the PCC perspective tend toward the two poles of biomedical realism or social constructionism, neither of which offer a satisfactory account of health. To put communication research on a firmer footing with respect to PCC, and to avoid the discourse of dualism, this article describes an integrative theory .
Fear, startle, and fear-potentiated startle : probing emotion in the human brain.

The present thesis explored the neurobiological basis of three aspects of defense behaviors in humans. Positron emission tomography methodology was used, and changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured as an index of neural activity. Firstly, brain function was studied in a group of patients suffering from combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder, using a symptom provocation paradigm with combat sounds in order to elicit fear. Exposure to auditory trauma reminders relative to neutral sounds was associated with increased rCBF in sensorimotor areas, the cerebellar vermis, the periaqueductal gray matter, and the right amygdala, whereas decreased activity was observed in the retrosplenial area of the posterior cingulate cortex. Secondly, the neural circuitry mediating the acoustic startle response and its habituation was studied in a group of healthy subjects. During acoustic startle stimulation as compared to a resting condition, increased rCBF was found in a medial posterior area of the pons corresponding to the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. As a result of startle repetition, altered activity was found in the cerebellum, pointing to its involvement in startle habituation. Thirdly, neural activity associated with startle modulation by phobic fear was studied in a group of subjects with specific animal phobias during exposure to pictures of their feared and non-feared objects, paired and unpaired with acoustic startle stimuli. As a result of startle potentiation, increased rCBF was found in the left amygdaloid-hippocampal region, and medially in the affective division of the anterior cingulate cortex. In conclusion, these results provide evidence for the involvement of limbic and paralimbic brain areas during fear provocation and fear-potentiated startle and for a similar neurocircuitry underlying startle in humans and animals.
Agglomeration in PRATSOLIS Project

The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the state of art in the agglomeration studies, and an introduction to the work carried out in this field, both from the numerical and the experimental point of view, by the European Network PRATSOLIS (PRecipitation and Agglomeration in Turbulent SOlid/LIquid Systems).
Selenium- Essential Antioxidant Element. The example of autoimune thyroiditis

CRISTINA PREDA1, IOANA VASILIU1*, LAURA MIHALACHE1, IOANA ARMASU1, IONELA LACRAMIOARA SERBAN1, DRAGOMIR NICOLAE SERBAN1, BOGDAN STOICA1, DELIA GABRIELA CIOBANU1, OVIDIU BREDETEAN1, STEFAN ADRIAN STRUNGARU1, MIRCEA NICOARA2, GABRIEL PLAVAN2, CARMEN VULPOI1 1University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Universitatii St., no. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania 2 Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Bd. Carol I, no. 20A, 700505, Iasi, Romania
HYBRID FINITE-DIFFERENCE THERMAL LATTICE BOLTZMANN EQUATION

We analyze the acoustic and thermal properties of athermal and thermal lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) in 2D and show that the numerical instability in the thermal lattice Boltzmann equation (TLBE) is related to the algebraic coupling among different modes of the linearized evolution operator. We propose a hybrid finite-difference (FD) thermal lattice Boltzmann equation (TLBE). The hybrid FD-TLBE scheme is far superior over the existing thermal LBE schemes in terms of numerical stability. We point out that the lattice BGK equation is incompatible with the multiple relaxation time model.
Analysis of parameter mismatches in the master stability function for network synchronization

In this letter, we perform a sensitivity analysis on the master stability function approach for the synchronization of networks of coupled dynamical systems. More specifically, we analyze the linear stability of a nearly synchronized solution for a network of coupled dynamical systems, for which the individual dynamics and output functions of each unit are approximately identical and the sums of the entries in the rows of the coupling matrix slightly deviate from zero. The motivation for this parametric study comes from experimental instances of synchronization in human-made or natural settings, where ideal conditions are difficult to observe.
Correction to "Formal degrees and adjoint gamma-factors''

The authors would like to thank Professor Gross for pointing out an error in Lemma 3.3 of [4]. Conjecture 1.4 of [4] does not hold for d(π) = d(π, μG/A,ψ) in the non-archimedean case. We need to modify the choice of the Haar measure μG/A,ψ. Following Gross and Gan [3], we take another Haar measure μG/A,ψ on G/A defined as follows. Let F be a non-archimedean local field of characteristic zero and let ψ be a nontrivial additive character of F . Let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over F and let A be the split component of the center of G. We may assume that A = {1}. Let G0 be the split form of G and choose an isomorphism η0 : G → G0 over F̄ , which may not be an inner twist. Let G0 be a Chevalley model of G0 over oF and choose a differential form ω0 of top degree on G0 over oF with non-zero reduction. Put ω = η∗ 0(ω0). Let μG,ψ denote the Haar measure on G determined by ω and the self-dual measure on F with respect to ψ. The Haar measure μG,ψ does not depend on the choice of η0 and ω0 (cf. [3, §5]). Conjecture 1.4 of [4] should be modified as follows.
Synthesizing Audio with GANs

While Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have seen wide success at the problem of synthesizing realistic images, they have seen little application to audio generation. In this paper, we introduce WaveGAN, a first attempt at applying GANs to raw audio synthesis in an unsupervised setting. Our experiments on speech demonstrate that WaveGAN can produce intelligible words from a small vocabulary of human speech, as well as synthesize audio from other domains such as bird vocalizations, drums, and piano. Qualitatively, we find that human judges prefer the generated examples from WaveGAN over those from a method which naı̈vely applies GANs on image-like audio feature representations.
Beyond philanthropy to sustainable community development – evaluation of corporate social responsibilities activities in Zimbabwe

Abstract The paper seeks to assess Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities by corporate in Zimbabwe as a case study of developing countries. A survey research approach was adopted to gather qualitative descriptive data from a convenience sample of 96 company executives from 20 companies most of which were parastatals at a university training program using a self-administered questionnaire to gather descriptive qualitative data. Findings showed that 90% of the corporate organisations participate in corporate social responsibility of which 80% of the organisations in Zimbabwe concentrate on philanthropic activities (those with a short term solution). It was concluded that corporates and their Non Governmental Organisations counterparts, participate in CSR but their activities have only short to medium term benefits to the community, therefore philanthropic. It was recommended that corporate leaders adopt the CSR concept which goes beyond philanthropy and contribute towards sustainable development.
Daily hassles and mental health : A longitudinal study

This paper examines the effects of daily hassles and coping styles on mental health in a prospective longitudinal study of a community sample. It was found that daily hassles correlated with psychological symptoms, even after previous symptom levels were controlled. Early experience of hassles influenced later coping practice, and direct coping was more adaptive than suppression in coping with daily hassles.
Action Reflected and Project Based Combined Methodology for the Appropriate Comprehension of Mechanisms in Industrial Design Education

In industrial design education, mechanics-based courses are mainly based on traditional lecture and they are highly abstract for ID students to comprehend the mechanisms. The existing studies highlight the requirement of a new approach for mechanics-based courses in ID departments. The study presents, a combined teaching model of mechanism mainly based on applied teaching style and action learning to improve ID students' learning experience and competencies through promoting the transference of theoretical knowledge into practical experience and learning. The combined teaching model consisting of 3 phases was integrated to a design studio project that is mechanical game design. Project observations and post-questionnaire were employed to analyze objectively the appropriateness of the teaching model. The results indicated that, the combined teaching model improved ID students' learning outcomes and competencies in terms of transferring the gained theoretical and practical knowledge to the action learning.
Inflationary reheating classes via spectral methods

Inflationary reheating is almost completely controlled by the Floquet indices, $\mu_k$. Using spectral theory we demonstrate that the stability bands (where $\mu_k = 0$) of the Mathieu and Lam\'e equations are destroyed even in Minkowski spacetime, leaving a fractal Cantor set or a measure zero set of stable modes in the cases where the inflaton evolves in an almost-periodic or stochastic manner respectively. These two types of potential model the expected multi-field and quantum backreaction effects during reheating.
Managing Knowledge Network Processes in the Commercialization of Science: Two Probiotica Discovery Processes in Finland and Swed

To learn more about the formation, transformation and interaction of knowledge networking, we studied two processes of commercialisation of scientific knowledge. Both involved a Lactobacillus strain ‐ Lp299v, in Sweden, and LGG, in Finland ‐ and two different companies. The first, a small science company, was established expressly to commercialise Lp299v, while the other, a large dairy company, sought to develop new functional food products from LGG. Both were successful, but differed in knowledge networking in the research, commercialization and stabilization phases. For Lp299v, pioneer knowledge networking dominated and commercialization unfolded more smoothly than for LGG, where modular networking prevailed. This indicates that, in science-based innovation, the balance between pioneer and modular modes of knowledge networking must be considered, and that there is a relation between modes, and the structure of the problems. New questions are raised about the challenges that various kinds and sizes of companies experience in different stages of innovation.
Modeling Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) Mass Flow Rate as Affected by Drying and Storage Conditions

Ethanol production in 2015 was over 15 million gallons in the United States, and it is projected to increase in the next few years to meet market demands. With the continued growth in the ethanol industry, there has been enormous expansion in distillers grains production. Because the local market for distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is often saturated, it is essential to transport DDGS long distances, across the United States and to international markets. Caking and agglomeration of DDGS particles in hoppers and other storage structures are typical during transportation. The current study deals with DDGS prepared by combining condensed distillers solubles (CDS) with distillers wet grains and then drying at varying temperatures. DDGS was stored in conical hoppers under varying ambient temperature, consolidation pressure, and time conditions. We investigated the effects of CDS (10, 15, and 20% wb), drying temperature (100, 200, and 300°C), drying time (20, 40, and 60 min), cooling temperature (0.
Minimum commuting distance as a spatial characteristic in a non‐monocentric urban system: The case of Flanders

This paper focuses on regional variations in commuting trip lengths by calculating minimum (required) commuting distances, along with excess commuting rates. The study contributes to the excess commuting research framework from a regional perspective, both by stressing the specific characteristics of urban networks with overlapping commute areas, and by putting forward an alternative method for calculating spatially disaggregated values. A case study in the north of Belgium shows that large variations in minimum commuting distances occur. This in turn identifies to a large extent opportunities for shrinking commuting distances by influences such as rising fuel prices, compact urban planning, extreme congestion or dissuasive traffic policies. Resumen Este articulo se centra en las diferencias regionales en la longitud del desplazamiento hasta el puesto de trabajo, mediante el calculo de las distancias minimas de desplazamiento (requeridas), junto con las tasas de desplazamiento en exceso. El estudio contribuye desde una perspectiva regional al corpus de investigacion sobre el exceso de desplazamiento al puesto de trabajo, por un lado haciendo hincapie en las caracteristicas especificas de las redes urbanas que se solapan con areas dormitorio y por otro proponiendo un metodo alternativo para calcular los valores espacialmente desagregados. Un estudio de caso sobre el norte de Belgica muestra la incidencia de grandes diferencias en las distancias minimas de desplazamiento. Esto identifica a su vez, en gran medida, una serie de oportunidades para la reduccion de las distancias de desplazamiento debido a la influencia del aumento en el precio del combustible, la planificacion urbanistica compacta, atascos de trafico extremos, o politicas de trafico disuasorias.
Viewing Visual Analytics as Model Building

To complement the currently existing definitions and conceptual frameworks of visual analytics, which focus mainly on activities performed by analysts and types of techniques they use, we attempt to define the expected results of these activities. We argue that the main goal of doing visual analytics is to build a mental and/or formal model of a certain piece of reality reflected in data. The purpose of the model may be to understand, to forecast or to control this piece of reality. Based on this model‐building perspective, we propose a detailed conceptual framework in which the visual analytics process is considered as a goal‐oriented workflow producing a model as a result. We demonstrate how this framework can be used for performing an analytical survey of the visual analytics research field and identifying the directions and areas where further research is needed.
Morphometric Analysis of Escobaria sneedii var. sneedii, E. sneedii var. leei, and E. guadalupensis (Cactaceae)

Abstract We used discriminant analysis to assess taxonomic status of three closely related, rare taxa within the cactus genus Escobaria (E. guadalupensis, E. sneedii var. sneedii, and E. sneedii var. leei). These three taxa consist of nine isolated populations; six of these populations consist of morphologically typical specimens (i.e., similar to the type specimen), while three populations are of questionable taxonomic status. We used the six morphologically typical populations (referred to as assigned populations) to derive predictive discriminant functions for each taxon. These discriminant functions were then applied to assigned populations to determine the status and taxonomic boundaries of each taxon, and to the three questionable populations (referred to as unassigned populations) to interpret their taxonomic status. Our model included four predictor variables: number of immature stems, mature stem diameter, number of radial spines, and length of the innermost central spines. Discriminant analysis correctly classified >93% of 186 individuals from the six assigned populations, suggesting a distinct status for each taxon. Applying the predictive discriminant functions to unassigned populations resulted in classifying a large percentage of individuals from each unassigned population into each of two taxa. This suggests that the unassigned populations consist of morphological intermediates, possibly as the result of hybridization. Meiotic chromosome numbers of n = 11 were determined for E. guadalupensis, E. sneedii var. leei, and the three unassigned populations. Communicating Editor: Richard Jensen