Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GIS analysis of depression using location-based social media data

Location-based social media provide an enormous stream of data about humans’ life and behavior. With geospatial methods, those data can offer rich insights into public health. In this research, we apply GIS methods and text mining techniques to social media data to provide new perspectives for public health research. Depression is a common chronic disorder and has a high prevalence in the U.S. It often goes undetected due to limited diagnosis methods and bring serious results to public and personal health. Former research detected geographic pattern for depression using questionnaires or selfreported measures of mental health, this may induce same-source bias. Recent studies use social media for depression detection but none of them examines the geographic patterns. We design a procedure to automatically detect depressed users in Twitter and analyze their spatial patterns using GIS technology. We use socioeconomic risk factors to explain the pattern at county level and find that race, education and income have an impact on depression rate. Our method can improve diagnosis techniques for depression, and it can be expanded to detect other major events in near real-time, such as disease outbreaks and earthquakes. It is faster at collecting data and more promptly at analyzing and providing results. We then study the effect of climate and seasonality on the prevalence of depression in Twitter users in the U.S. by examining the spatiotemporal patterns of depression rate at Metropolitan Statistical Areas level, which has never before been conducted in depression related research. We conduct a stepwise regression and find that the relationship between depression, climate and seasonality is different and geographically localized. Relative humidity, temperature, sea level pressure, precipitation, snowfall, weed speed, globe solar radiation, and length of day all contribute to the geographic variations of depression rate. We also propose a three-stage framework that semi-automatically detects and analyzes geographically distributed health issues using location-based social media data. This framework can help us understand how social and behavioral interventions influence humans’ health and illness. We further detect the temporal pattern of depression during holidays and non-holidays, weekdays and weekends, and its daily trends by exploring Twitter data. INDEX WORDS: GIS, Tweet, Depression, Cluster, Seasonality, Climate, Social media GIS ANALYSIS OF DEPRESSION USING LOCATION-BASED SOCIAL MEDIA DATA
Conscious cognition as a discrete, deterministic, and universal Turing Machine process

It is often maintained that the brain-as-computer metaphor is ill taken. Nevertheless one can view conscious cognition as a Turing Machine process, Turing (1937), with its discrete, deterministic, and universal aspects. Not being used to the language of science one may object to the statement that computation plays an important role in the life of humans (and in fact all animals). Nevertheless, for goal directed movements fast and accurate (unconscious) computations are necessary. Sensory input has to transformed to output in the form of action. Cognitive scientists, who are aware of the need for computation, still may object to the computer metaphor. Our brain is not a network of Boolean switches and it does neither have numerical input nor output. Our claim is that nevertheless it is useful to interpret cognition as a hybrid Turing Machine process. Modelling systems (machines or living organisms) the notion of ‘state’ is important. Only considering stimulus-reaction (Input, Action) transitions, we get I 㜡 A.
Effect of Intra-Row Spacing on Haricot Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Production in humid Tropics of Southern Ethiopia.

Field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Dilla University in 2015 main cropping season, with the objective of determining the optimum plant spacing for better productivity of haricot bean under the humid conditions of Dilla, southern Ethiopia. A well-adapted haricot bean variety namely, Hawassa-Dume, was tested at 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm intra-row spacing with 40 cm inter-row spacing for each treatment. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that plant height, number of branch plant -1 , pod plant -1 , total biomass and grain yield were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) influenced by varying intra-row spacing. In contrary, number of leaves plant -1 , seed pod -1 and thousand seed weight were insignificant in all intra-row spacing. Increasing the intra-row spacing beyond 10 cm resulted in significant reduction in grain and biomass yields, but consistent increase in number of branches plant -1 and pod plant -1 . Compared with the grain yield obtained at widest intra-row spacing (20 cm), increase in the grain yield was recorded at 5 cm and 10 cm intra-row spacing that were 22.9% and 33.2%, respectively. In general, the result suggests that narrow intra-row spacing at 10 cm which corresponds to plant population density of 266,667 plants ha -1 was better for achieving optimum grain yield under humid environment. To confirm this, similar investigations should repeated in multi- locations and years. Keywords : Yield, yield components, Haricot bean, Intra-row spacing
The relationship between thrombophilia and intrauterine growth restriction

Approximately 0.7 to 2% of the general population have thrombophilia, but it is estimated that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is due to thrombophilia in 35% of cases. Although the role of thrombophilia in IUGR is not completely known but its destructive effect on placental vasculature is the pathophysiologic cause of defect in transfer of oxygen for fetal growth. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of thrombophilia in fetal growth. This was a case-control study with prospective enrollment. In this study, sera from 43 pregnant women with IUGR and 20 pregnant women with appropriate fetal growth as control were tested for thrombophilia polymorphism (protein S, protein C, factor V leiden, antithrombin III, homocystein, lupus anticoagulant Ab, Anti caradiolipin Ab). Data collection forms and SPSS software were used for analyses. Of 43 women with IUGR, 13(30.2%) and 1(5%) in the control group had positive results for thrombophilia (P=0. 027, OR=8.23). By using logistic regression test, there was significant relation between thrombophilia polymorphism and growth of femur length. We found correlation between the presence of thrombophilia factor and femur length, but in previous studies thrombophilia was correlated with fetal growth restriction and specific fetal biometry does not mention whether fetal index is under the influence of thrombophilia.
USEFULNESS OF SEQUENTIAL ORGAN FAILURE ASSESSMENT (SOFA) AND ACUTE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHRONIC HEALTH EVALUATION II (APACHE II) SCORE IN ANALYSING PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME IN SEPSIS

BACKGROUND: Sepsis with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a common cause of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) mortality and morbidity. Early initiation of appropriate effective antimicrobial therapy is essential for a favorable outcome in the patient with sepsis. Cultures and serology are available only after 24 to 48 hours. In the crucial hours which determine the prognosis of the patient the physician has to depend on clinical symptoms and demographic data to aid in diagnosis and management. Using scores like APACHE II at the admission and SOFA on admission and also in their due course may help in predicting outcome. Though there are some studies on sepsis in India but use of APACHE II and SOFA scores in India have been rare. OBJECTIVES: To assess morbidity and mortality of patients with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome in sepsis. To prognosticate the patients by using defined scores like SOFA and APACHE II scores. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in the period of November 2010 to September 2012 and 50 patients were included in the study. The detailed history, clinical examination and all the relevant laboratory investigations were done including blood culture. In the present study the conditions were defined according to standard practice and based on relevant literature. All the patients of sepsis admitted to ICU/ emergency ward were prognosticated on the basis of APACHE II score and SOFA score. We have analysed various profiles between two groups; survivor group which include the patients who are successfully discharged after recovery and nonsurvivor group which include the patients who died. RESULTS: The clinical profile of 50 patients with sepsis with MODS was studied. There were 28 males and 22 females in this cohort. In this study, 18 patients died and 32 patients survived with mortality rate of 36%. In this study, though APACHE II score was high among non survivors than survivors (23.28 v/s 18.75), it was of just statistically significantly with P=0.068+. SOFA score has been validated extensively for prognostication. In this study, extensive study of SOFA score was done from day 1 to the last day. The SOFA score on day 1 was high among non survivors and survivors which was statistically significant (10.17 v/s 7.94, p=0.014). However the most significant difference was observed on Day 3. The SOFA score was very high among non survivors as compared to survivors which was statistically very significant. (13.42 v/s 6.84, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Serial measurement of SOFA score during first week is very useful tool in predicting the outcome especially on the day 3. The trend of SOFA score was progressively declining in survivors while non-survivors had stable higher score during the first week. The APACHE II score on day of admission, though reliable, was not effective in predicting the mortality rate in our set up.
Consistently wrong: Neoclassical micro-foundations and the macroeconomic policy ineffectiveness hypothesis

The rational expectations hypothesis (REH) is based on two assumptions. The first is that, economic agents learn through experience how to avoid systematic errors. The second is that these errors are identified with reference to a model. Imperfect information may lead economic agents to misperceive changes in nominal economic variables as real but they learn from their mistake, change their behavior and will not make the same mistake again. Therefore, relations estimated from historical data may not hold after economic agents learned about the effects of, say, expansionary macroeconomic policies (the Lucas critique). Repeating the policy will affect nominal variables (prices) but not the real economy (policy ineffectiveness hypothesis). Policy ineffectiveness is derived from models based on neoclassical micro-foundations, claimed to be the basis for rigorous science. In this paper we investigate the learning process rigorously. When pulled into employment by misperceived expansionary macroeconomic policy, what do workers actually learn? Do they actually experience the long-run solution of the neoclassical model? After the introduction we discuss learning in the context of rational expectations. We then analyze the workers’ experience and the learning process, strictly applying neoclassical micro-foundations. We focus on two inconsistencies. First, unless unearned income is indexed, inflation will unambiguously cause labor supply to expand. Second, employers will respond to the macroeconomic impulse –misperceived or not-- with capacity expansion rather than pure price reactions. We conclude that the predictions of the REH do not hold if neoclassical micro foundations are rigorously applied.
Commercial Bank Credit and Its Contributions on Manufacturing Sector In Nigeria

The main aim of this study was to determine how commercial bank credit can influence manufacturing sector in Nigeria. The study shows that commercial bank credit if well channeled to the worthy customers or sector will enhance economic growth in Nigeria. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of commercial bank loans on manufacturing sector and to establish the relationship between interest rate and manufacturing sector performance. Secondary source of data was employed using Central bank statistical bulletin. Ordinary least square of multiple regression model was used to establish the relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. The finding revealed that commercial bank credit had a significant relationship on manufacturing sector. It was recommended that government should endeavour to ensure that there are available and sufficient credit allocated to the manufacturing sector in Nigeria with reasonable or affordable interest rates, and for Nigeria to meet it millennium goals, she will have to depend on productive and services produced within her boundaries. Keywords: Aggregate credit, Bank credit, Commercial bank rate, Interest rate, Lending rate
Bank Balance Sheets and the Transmission of Financial Shocks to Borrowers: Evidence from the 2007-2008 Crisis

We use Italian data on bank lending to firms to study the transmission of shocks affecting bank balance sheets to the volume and cost of credit granted to business borrowers and to the probability of banks accepting loan applications from new borrowers during the 2007-2008 financial crisis. The identification of the credit-supply effect is based on a difference-in-difference approach because: a large number of firms in Italy borrow from more than one bank; the shocks to the wholesale funding market were exogenous to Italian banks; and Italian banks were affected to a varying extent by the crisis depending on their funding structure. Results indicate that supply conditions worsened most for the banks that were most exposed to the interbank market and for those that made the most use of securitization. While the initial capital position of banks did not significantly affect their lending, the deterioration of bank capitalization as proxied by charge-offs and profitability had a significant impact. Furthermore, our results suggest that bank capital influenced lending indirectly, with higher capital reducing the elasticity of lending to the shocks on the funding side.
Tax Deductible Spending, Environmental Policy, and the "Double Dividend" Hypothesis

A number of recent studies have shown that the general equilibrium welfare effects of externality-correcting policies depend importantly on pre-existing taxes in the economy, particularly those that distort the labor market. This paper extends the prior literature by allowing for consumption goods that are deductible from labor taxes. These "goods" represent medical insurance, other less tangible fringe benefits, mortgage interest, and so on. The initial tax system effectively subsidizes tax-favored consumption relative to other consumption, in addition to distorting the labor market. The authors find that incorporating tax-favored consumption may overturn key results from earlier studies. In particular, a revenue-neutral pollution tax (or auctioned pollution permits) can produce a substantial "double dividend" by reducing both pollution and the costs of the tax system. The second dividend arises because the welfare gain from using environmental tax revenues to cut labor taxes is much larger when labor taxes also distort the choice among consumption goods. Indeed (ignoring environmental benefits) the overall costs of a revenue-neutral pollution tax are negative in their benchmark simulations, at least for pollution reductions up to 17 percent, and possibly up to 42 percent. In addition, the authors show that the presence of tax-favored consumption may dramatically increase the efficiency gain from using (revenue-neutral) emissions taxes (or auctioned emissions permits) over grandfathered emissions permits.
Mid-Infrared Spectra of Classical AGNs Observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope

Full low-resolution (65 < R < 130) and high-resolution (R ~ 600) spectra between 5 and 37 μm obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on the Spitzer Space Telescope are presented for eight classical active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that have been extensively studied previously. Spectra of these AGNs are presented as comparison standards for the many objects, including sources at high redshift, that are being observed spectroscopically in the mid-infrared for the first time using the IRS. The AGNs are NGC 4151, Mrk 3, I Zw 1, NGC 1275, Centaurus A, NGC 7469, Mrk 231, and NGC 3079. These sources are used to demonstrate the range of infrared spectra encountered in objects that have widely different classification criteria at other wavelengths but that unquestionably contain AGNs. Overall spectral characteristics, including continuum shape, nebular emission lines, silicate absorption and emission features, and PAH emission features, are considered to understand how spectral classifications based on mid-infrared spectra relate to those previously derived from optical spectra. The AGNs are also compared to the same parameters for starburst galaxies such as NGC 7714 and the compact, low-metallicity starburst SBS 0335-052 previously observed with the IRS. Results confirm the much lower strengths of PAH emission features in AGNs, but there are no spectral parameters in this sample that unambiguously distinguish AGNs and starbursts based only on the slopes of the continuous spectra.
A Hybrid Approach to Teaching Materials Science Using POGIL and Active Learning Activities

The purpose of this research was to measure student learning and attitudes towards a hybrid approach to learning an introductory materials science course in engineering. The approach utilized both guided inquiry learning and active learning. Quantitative learning was measured using preand posttest results of the Materials Concept Inventory (MCI). Attitude surveys asking students to rank the effectiveness of the different contents of the hybrid curriculum was administered at the end of the semester. To facilitate the hybrid approach, a process oriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) materials science text book was used in this research. In addition, class instruction included active learning activities such as in-class demonstrations, hands-on exercises and minipresentations by students on various topics. The posttest results of the MCI scores was 43% showing an average gain of 7% compared to the pretest results. Student attitudes towards the hybrid curriculum were positive and very well received. Students found inclass demonstrations as a means of learning very helpful over POGIL, in-class discussions, homework assignments, and minipresentations.
Quantified H i morphology – IV. The merger fraction and rate in WHISP

The morphology of the atomic hydrogen (H i) disc of a spiral galaxy is the first component to be disturbed by a gravitational interaction such as a merger between two galaxies. We use a simple parametrization of the morphology of H i column density maps of the Westerbork observations of neutral Hydrogen in Irregular and SPiral galaxies (WHISP) project to select those galaxies that are likely undergoing a significant interaction. Merging galaxies occupy a particular part of parameter space defined by Asymmetry (A), the relative contribution of the 20 per cent brightest pixels to the second-order moment of the column density map (M20) and the distribution of the second-order moment over all the pixels (GM). Based on their H i morphology, we find that 13 per cent of the WHISP galaxies are in an interaction (Concentration–M20) and only 7 per cent are based on close companions in the data cube. This apparent discrepancy can be attributed to the difference in visibility time-scales: mergers are identifiable as close pairs for 0.5 Gyr but are identifiable for ∼1 Gyr by their disturbed H i morphology. Expressed as volume merger rates, the two estimates agree very well: 7 and 6.8 × 10−3 mergers Gyr−1 Mpc−3 for paired and morphologically disturbed H i discs, respectively. The consistency of our merger fractions with those published for bigger surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey shows that H i morphology can be a very viable way to identify mergers in large H i surveys. The relatively high value for the volume merger rate may be a bias in the selection or WHISP volume. The expected abundance in high-resolution H i data by the planned South African Karoo Array Telescope (MeerKAT), Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) and Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope/APERture Tile In Focus instrument (WSRT/APERTIF) radio observatories will reveal the importance of mergers in the local Universe and, with the advent of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), over cosmic times.
Genetic identification of a non-native species introgression into wild population of the field cricket Gryllus campestris (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in Central Europe

Two species of the genus Gryllus occur in Europe: G. campestris and G. bimaculatus. The first is widely distributed in the north-western Palaearctic, while the second, G. bimaculatus, occurs predominantly in the Mediterranean area. There is a visible pattern in the distribution of G. campestris, the insect being rare and threatened in the western part of its range, whereas it is still abundant in the east. Despite the fact that this species is commonly used in laboratory experiments, its natural populations are poorly characterised. In the present study, we analysed cricket populations from the lower Oder and Vistula River valleys in Poland. Based on the phylogeny of the mtDNA cytochrome b fragment, we found that 17% of the individuals studied had a G. bimaculatus-like mtDNA haplotype. Analyses of 11 autosomal microsatellite loci failed to reveal any clear genetic differentiation between individuals assigned to these two clades. This suggests, along with the spatial distribution of G. bimaculatus-like haplotypes, successful interbreeding of G. bimaculatus with native populations of G. campestris. However, both the nuclear data and additional analyses of two X-chromosome-linked microsatellite loci revealed incomplete introgression. Human-mediated introgression seems to be the most plausible explanation of the observed genotypic pattern such that caution needs to be taken in conservation efforts carried out in the western part of the species' range.