Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Random-mood interpretation of determinants for major depression

ABSTRACT Background It has recently been proposed that major depression disorder (MDD) may, in a heterogeneous population-based cohort, be interpreted in terms of a random-mood model. Mood fluctuations are thought to result from stressors that occur randomly in time. We have investigated whether this concept also holds for more homogeneous groups, defined by known determinants for MDD, and whether the model's parameters, susceptibility (Z) and relaxation time (T), may be evaluated and used to differentiate between subcohorts. Method From a large epidemiological survey, the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS), data on the duration of MDD were obtained for subcohorts, based on gender, severity of depression, recurrence and co-morbidity with dysthymia, anxiety and somatic disorder, and were compared with random-mood simulation calculations. Results Susceptibility, Z, is empirically found to be proportional to incidence and may be identified with a risk ratio. A second scaling rule states the proportionality of mean duration with the product of Z and T. This Z–T classification proves to be more sensitive than conventional significance tests. Notably for men/women and for co-morbid anxiety, differences are seen that have previously gone unnoticed. Conclusions Depression may be conceptualized as a disorder resulting from random-mood fluctuations, the response to which is influenced by a large variety of determinants or risk factors. The model's parameters can be evaluated and may be used in differentiating between risk factor-defined subgroups.
Target sites of anthelmintics

This paper reviews sites of action of anthelmintic drugs including: (1) levamisole and pyrantel, which act as agonists at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of nematodes; (2) the avermectins, which potentiate or gate the opening of glutamate-gated chloride channels found only in invertebrates; (3) piperazine, which acts as an agonist at GABA gated chloride channels on nematode muscle; (4) praziquantel, which increases the permeability of trematode tegument to calcium and results in contraction of the parasite muscle; (5) the benzimidazoles, like thiabendazole, which bind selectively to parasite β-tubulin and prevents microtubule formation; (6) the proton ionophores, like closantel, which uncouple oxidative phosphorylation; (7) diamphenethide and clorsulon, which selectively inhibit glucose metabolism of Fasciola and; (8) diethylcarbamazine, which appears to interfere with arachidonic acid metabolism of filarial parasites and host. The review concludes with brief comments on the development of anthelmintics in the future.
TRANSPORT AND INTERACTIONS OF ANIONS AND PROTONS IN THE RED BLOOD CELL MEMBRANE

The purpose of this paper is 1. To analyze the interactions of protons with the anion transport system of the red cell membrane; 2. To review two ways in which the anion transport system can mediate the transfer of hydroxyl ions or protons, and 3. To discuss the mode of operation of two classes of lipid soluble artificial ion carriers, inducing conductive proton transfer or electrosilent hydroxyl/ anion exchange in red cell membranes and in lipid bilayers.
Bessel – sampling restoration of stochastic signals

The main aim of this article is to establish sampling series restoration formulae in for a class of stochastic L2-processes which correlation function possesses integral representation close to a Hankel-type transform which kernel is either Bessel function of the first and second kind Jν ,Yν respectively. The results obtained belong to the class of irregular sampling formulae and present a stochastic setting counterpart of certain older results by Zayed [25] and of recent results by Knockaert [13] for J–Bessel sampling and of currently established Y – Bessel sampling results by Jankov Maširević et al. [7]. The approach is twofold, we consider sampling series expansion approximation in the mean–square (or L2) sense and also in the almost sure (or with the probability 1) sense. The main derivation tools are the Piranashvili’s extension of the famous Karhunen–Cramér theorem on the integral representation of the correlation functions and the same fashion integral expression for the initial stochastic process itself, a set of integral representation formulae for the Bessel functions of the first and second kind Jν ,Yν and various properties of Bessel and modified Bessel functions which lead to the so–called Bessel–sampling when the sampling nodes of the initial signal function coincide with a set of zeros of different cylinder functions.
Contribution of the hyperpolarization‐activated current to the resting membrane potential of rat nodose sensory neurons

1 The voltage‐ and time‐dependent characteristics of the hyperpolarization‐activated current (IH) and its contribution to the resting membrane potential of neonatal rat nodose sensory neurons were investigated using the whole‐cell tight seal method of voltage and current clamp recording. 2 I H was found in all neonatal nodose neurons in vitro, contrary to previous reports where its presence was particular for A‐type neurons. We used the presence of both tetrodotoxin‐sensitive (TTX‐S) and tetrodotoxin‐resistant (TTX‐R) sodium currents to distinguish C‐ from A‐type neurons (TTX‐S only). We obtained further support for the presence of IH in C‐type neurons with experiments in which IH was demonstrated in a subset of neurons sensitive to capsaicin. 3 In both groups IH activated at potentials negative to −50 mV, developed slowly with time and was inhibited by 1–5 mm extracellular caesium. At −120 mV, IH activated with a fast time constant of 73 ± 3 ms in A‐type neurons and 163 ± 37 ms in C‐type neurons (P < 0.05). A second, slower time constant of 682 ± 83 ms was observed in A‐type neurons and 957 ± 122 ms in C‐type neurons. 4 A‐ and C‐type neurons differed in the amplitude of IH. The mean magnitude of IH at −110 mV was −2338 ± 258 pA in A‐type neurons but only ‐241 ± 40 pA (P < 0.001) in C‐type neurons. This disparity persisted when currents were normalized for capacitance. The reversal potentials for IH were −39 ± 4 mV for A‐type neurons and −37 ± 5 mV for C‐type neurons (P > 0.05). 5 During current clamp recording IH caused time‐dependent rectification in response to hyperpolarizing current injections from the resting membrane potential. CsCl abolished the rectification and hyperpolarized the resting potential of A‐type neurons from −55 ± 3 mV to −61 ± 4 mV and C‐type neurons from −62 ± 2 mV to −71 ± 3 mV. Taken together, the results in these studies indicate that IH contributes to the resting membrane potential in all nodose neurons.
Determinants of Midwifery Practice in the Active Management of Third Stage of Labor in Omdurman State , Sudan

Background: Active management of the third phase of labor (AMTSL) has been shown to lessen blood loss in women undergoing vaginal childbirth. It could avert maternal deaths and morbidity. Objective: To assess the Knowledge, skills and identifying barriers to using of Active Management of Third Stage of Labor. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study supplemented with observation checklist, was conducted among 50 Midwives in Omdurman Maternity Hospital in Sudan. The questionnaires include open as well as, closed-ended questions which cover social, demographic information, knowledge, and practice of midwives on active management of the third stage of labor. The pretest was done for validity and consistency; data were coded and analyzed with SPSS version 17 then presented in tables. Result: About 38 (84.4%) of midwives are not familiar with the current national treatment guidelines, while 7(15.6%) were familiar and 12 (26.7%) are able to use AMSTL. Conclusion: There is malpractice of AMSTL, training and supportive supervision should integrate as necessary to achieve the goals set for Maternal and newborn survival.
Feature Discovery in Non-Metric Pairwise Data

Pairwise proximity data, given as similarity or dissimilarity matrix, can violate metricity. This occurs either due to noise, fallible estimates, or due to intrinsic non-metric features such as they arise from human judgments. So far the problem of non-metric pairwise data has been tackled by essentially omitting the negative eigenvalues or shifting the spectrum of the associated (pseudo-)covariance matrix for a subsequent embedding. However, little attention has been paid to the negative part of the spectrum itself. In particular no answer was given to whether the directions associated to the negative eigenvalues would at all code variance other than noise related. We show by a simple, exploratory analysis that the negative eigenvalues can code for relevant structure in the data, thus leading to the discovery of new features, which were lost by conventional data analysis techniques. The information hidden in the negative eigenvalue part of the spectrum is illustrated and discussed for three data sets, namely USPS handwritten digits, text-mining and data from cognitive psychology.
Rho Kinase Contributes to Androgen Amplification of Renal Vasoconstrictor Responses in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

Abstract: Androgens modulate vascular tone and hypertension development. Rho kinase contributes to norepinephrine- (NE) and vasopressin- (AVP) induced vasoconstriction. This study tested the hypothesis that Rho kinase contributes to androgen amplification of renal vasoconstrictor responses to NE or AVP in isolated perfused kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). SHRs (5 weeks) underwent sham operation, castration, or castration with testosterone replacement. At 16-17 weeks, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were measured in conscious SHRs. Renal vascular reactivity to NE (10-11 to 10-7 mol) and to AVP (10-14 to 10-10 mol) was assessed in an isolated perfused kidney preparation before and after Rho kinase inhibitor treatment (fasudil; 15 μM). Castration reduced mean arterial pressure, whereas testosterone treatment of castrated SHRs increased mean arterial pressure significantly. The dose-response curves to NE and AVP obtained in isolated perfused kidneys from castrated SHRs were displaced to the right of those obtained in sham-operated and castrated + testosterone-treated SHRs. Fasudil treatment produced a rightward shift in the dose-response curves for each agonist in all of the groups and greatly attenuated the differences in renal vascular reactivity to NE and AVP among the 3 groups of SHRs. Collectively, these findings indicate that androgen modulation of hypertension development in the SHR involves a fasudil-sensitive pathway and suggest that further study is warranted in this area.
Seasonal and spatial variability of physicochemical parameters of a semi enclosed lagoon system : the complex of Lake Zowla-Aného Lagoon

Article Type: Full Length Research Article The semi-closed lagoon ecosystems such as the complex of Lake Zowla-Aného Lagoon are ecosystems whose functioning are influenced by the inflow of fresh continental water and marine water. In order to determine the seasonal variations of the physico-chemical parameters of the waters, a study was made during the dry and the rainy seasons of 2017, on 18 samples of water collected from the complex Lake Zowla-Aného Lagoon. For this study, 17 physico-chemical parameters were evaluated using standard methods according to AFNOR. The pH and the temperature gave averages of 7.59 and 31.02°C respectively, in the dry season, as against 7.2 and 27.46°C in the rainy season. The conductivity and salinity, and Ca 2+ , Na + , and Cl values were found to be 37466.66 μS/cm, 21.34 g/L, 246.43 mg/L; 4205.25 mg/L and 11811.95 mg/L respectively, in the dry season; and were higher than the values obtained from samples collected in the rainy season, which were 3640.22 μS/cm, 1.9 g/L, 14.31 mg/L, 31.74 mg/L and 1104.07 mg/L, respectively. These results show the influence of marine and continental waters on the lagoon system. The values of nitrates, phosphates and ammonium obtained from samples collected in the dry season which were 1.42, 0.72 and 0.06 mg/L were lower than the values of the rainy season (2.65, 1.24 and 0.42 mg/L, respectively). These results confirmed their continental origin. ©2018 BluePen Journals Ltd. All rights reserved
Diversity and phylogeny of the limnoterrestrial Rhabdocoela (Platyhelminthes), an enigmatic group of minute metazoans

Five new species of limnoterrestrial Protoplanellinae Reisinger, 1924 are described and discussed. For two of these, Belgicaplanella dunensis n. g. n. sp. and Proadenocerca mancai n. g. n. sp. , new genera are proposed. Proadenocerca n. g. has dermal rhabdites and differently sized testes lying in front of the pharynx. Belgicaplanella n. g. lacks a bursa and has dermal rhabdites. Three more new species are described: Hoplopera isis n. sp. , Krumbachia limosae n. sp. and Protoplanella bursalis n. sp. New data are given for eight known species: Adenocerca minima Kolasa, 1981; Chorizogynopora italica Kolasa, 1981; Hoplopera opaca Reisinger, 1924; Krumbachia subterranea Reisinger, 1933; Olisthanellinella rotundula Reisinger, 1924; Prorhynchella minuta Ruebush, 1939; Protoplanella simplex Reisinger, 1924 and Ventrociliella romanae Kolasa, 1977.
Regional accessibility of supermarkets and discounters in Germany - a quantitative assessment -

Services of general interest fulfill the public’s daily needs and are important for well-being. In Europe, interacting socioeconomic and demographic processes lead at present to a spatial concentration of basic services. Especially rural areas are thought to be affected by these processes, resulting in a deterioration of the living conditions of people living in these regions. Although this subject is being discussed intensively in policy as well as science, still little quantitative information on the consequences of these processes on people is available. By analyzing the accessibility of supermarkets and discounters, as an important part of the infrastructure of services of general interest near the place of residence in Germany, with a GIS accessibility analysis, this article aims to underscore this discussion with quantitative data. Thereby it is shown that despite the processes of spatial concentration found in retail sales, supermarkets and discounters are well accessible by car throughout Germany. Nevertheless, considering the accessibility by foot, it becomes apparent that only in cities can supermarkets and discounters be accessed in a reasonable amount of time. So, especially in rural areas, especially in the eastern federal states, supermarkets and discounters are poorly accessible for less mobile people, mainly the elderly or young adults.
Misdiagnosis of the vegetative state: retrospective study in a rehabilitation unit

Abstract Objective: To identify the number of patients who were misdiagnosed as being in the vegetative state and their characteristics. Design: Retrospective study of the clinical records of the medical, occupational therapy, and clinical psychology departments. Setting: 20 bed unit specialising in the rehabilitation of patients with profound brain damage, including the vegetative state. Subjects: 40 patients admitted between 1992 and 1995 with a referral diagnosis of vegetative state. Outcome measures: Patients who showed an ability to communicate consistently using eye pointing or a touch sensitive single switch buzzer. Results: Of the 40 patients referred as being in the vegetative state, 17 (43%) were considered as having been misdiagnosed; seven of these had been presumed to be vegetative for longer than one year, including three for over four years. Most of the misdiagnosed patients were blind or severely visually impaired. All patients remained severely physically disabled, but nearly all were able to communicate their preference in quality of life issues–some to a high level. Conclusions: The vegetative state needs considerable skill to diagnose, requiring assessment over a period of time; diagnosis cannot be made, even by the most experienced clinician, from a bedside assessment. Accurate diagnosis is possible but requires the skills of a multidisciplinary team experienced in the management of people with complex disabilities. Recognition of awareness is essential if an optimal quality of life is to be achieved and to avoid inappropriate approaches to the courts for a declaration for withdrawal of tube feeding. Key messages Many patients who are misdiagnosed as being in the vegetative state are blind or have severe visual handicap; thus lack of eye blink to threat or absence of visual tracking are not reliable signs for diagnosing the vegetative state Any motor activity, no matter how slight, that can be used for communication by the profoundly disabled patient should be identified at an early stage and repeated at regular intervals Identification of awareness in the presence of profound and complex neurological disabilities requires the skills of a multidisciplinary team expe- rienced in long term management of disability due to brain damage
DETERMINATION OF THE CONTENT IN USNIC ACID AND POLYPHENOLS FROM THE EXTRACTS OF USNEA BARBATA L . AND THE EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

The aim of this study was the identification and quantification of the main active compounds from different Romanian Usnea barbata L. extracts and evaluation of their antioxidant activity. The vegetal product Usneae lichen was harvested from Călimani Mountains, Suceava County, Romania, in March 2016. We prepared 10% extracts in: acetone, 96% ethanol and water. The quantitative analysis of the identified constituents was performed using an HPLC method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the scavenger DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. For this analysis, we prepared 20% extracts in: acetone, 96% ethanol and water. For each extract, we prepared two dilutions: 1:2 and 1:4. Our results showed that each extract contains usnic acid and polyphenols. The intensity of the antioxidant activity varied with the different solubility of polyphenols in each solvent.
Urban GPS Integrity Monitoring Using a Graph-SLAM Framework

Vehicles operating in urban environments are prone to GPS faults caused by multipath and satellite broadcast anomalies in multiple satellite channels. We propose a graph-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) framework to perform receiver Integrity Monitoring (IM) as well as multiple GPS Fault Detection and Isolation. Utilizing the GPS pseudoranges, we simultaneously localize not only the receiver but also the GPS satellites. To address multiple GPS faults, we design an M-estimator-based cost function and then perform iterative graph optimization via Levenberg Marquardt algorithm. For each satellite, we independently compute its fault probability by evaluating its empirical cumulative distribution. We theoretically derive the protection levels of the receiver position, by calculating the worst-case failure slope that maximizes the eigenvalues of the dominant GPS faults. For different experimental scenarios, namely, ground vehicle and aerial vehicle, we demonstrate that our SLAM-based IM algorithm performs robust integrity assessment as compared to the conventional IM algorithms.
Time course analysis of gene expression during light‐induced photoreceptor cell death and regeneration in albino zebrafish

Constant intense light causes apoptosis of rod and cone photoreceptors in adult albino zebrafish. The photoreceptors subsequently regenerate from proliferating inner nuclear layer (INL) progenitor cells that migrate to the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and differentiate into rods and cones. To identify gene expression changes during this photoreceptor regeneration response, a microarray analysis was performed at five time points during the light treatment. The time course included an early time point during photoreceptor death (16 h), later time points during progenitor cell proliferation and migration (31, 51, and 68 h) and a 96 h time point, which likely corresponds to the initial photoreceptor differentiation. Mean expression values for each gene were calculated at each time point relative to the control (0 h light exposure) and statistical analysis by one‐way ANOVA identified 4567 genes exhibiting significant changes in gene expression along the time course. The genes within this data set were clustered based on their temporal expression patterns and proposed functions. Quantitative real‐time PCR validated the microarray expression profiles for selected genes, including stat3 whose expression increased markedly during the light exposure. Based on immunoblots, both total and activated Stat3 protein expression also increased during the light treatment. Immunolocalization of Stat3 on retinal tissue sections demonstrated increased expression in photoreceptors and Müller glia by 16 h of light exposure. Some of the Stat3‐positive Müller cells expressed PCNA at 31 h, suggesting that Stat3 may play a role in signaling a subset of Müller cells to proliferate during the regeneration response. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
GROWTH ANALYSIS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVERAL TOMATO GENOTYPES UNDER THE LOW LIGHT INTENSITY

Light intensity is an important environmental factor affecting plants. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) have a wide response to light intensity. A field experiment was conducted at Cikarawang Experiment Station, Bogor, Indonesia from December 2015 to April 2016. The study was arranged in a factorial nested design with three replicates. Two shade-sensitive, two shade-tolerant, and two shade-loving genotypes of tomato were used in this experiment. The treatments were two shade levels (0 and 50%) applied on 23 day-old seedlings and maintained until harvest time. The study sought to evaluate the differences in adaptation mechanisms between shade-sensitive, shade-tolerant, and shade-loving tomato genotypes, based on their growth response and physiological characters. The study showed that low light intensity decreased significantly the Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) of tomato plants. It also significantly affected physiological characters, i.e., the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, pigment content, sucrose and starch in leaves, and NPK nutrient status. In addition, shade had a significant effect on vegetative growth characters, including an increase in plant height and leaf area, as well as a decrease in stem diameter and generative growth variables (delayed flowering). Yield of shade-sensitive genotype was lower than the yield of both shade-tolerant and shade-loving genotypes because it has a different physiological response to low light intensity. On the other hand, the shade-tolerant and shade-loving genotypes showed similar responses. Under low light, the shade-sensitive genotype exhibited delayed generative phase, while having a lower of photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, pigment, and starch content compared with the shade-tolerant and shade-loving genotype.
Unforgiveness: Refining theory and measurement of an understudied construct

This research presents a multidimensional conceptualization of unforgiveness and the development and validation of the unforgiveness measure (UFM). The scale was developed based on a qualitative study of people's experiences of unforgiven interpersonal offences (Study 1). Three dimensions of unforgiveness emerged (Study 2): emotional-ruminative unforgiveness, cognitive-evaluative unforgiveness, and offender reconstrual. We supported the scale's factor structure, reliability, and validity (Study 3). We also established the convergent and discriminant validity of the UFM with measures of negative affect, rumination, forgiveness, cognitive reappraisal, and emotional suppression (Study 4). Together, our results suggest that the UFM can capture variability in victims' unforgiving experiences in the aftermath of interpersonal transgressions. Implications for understanding the construct of unforgiveness and directions for future research are discussed.