Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Goat Meat in the Red Meat Industry

Worldwide the consumption of chevon (goat meat) has increased largely due to its distinct nutritional attributes when compared to other red meats. In addition to being a good source of dietary protein for human beings, chevon comparatively has a lower total fat, saturated fatty acid and cholesterol content, which makes it a healthful product. Chevon’s health promoting chemical composition fulfils the expectations of consumers’ demand for healthful foods and thus explaining its growing popularity and increased demand. The increase in the popularity and demand of chevon is essential to contributing towards the increase in demand for animal-derived protein sources for human consumption, which is driven by an expansion in urban settlements, improving incomes, and the need for a better lifestyle. Despite chevon being established as lean red meat with low content of fat, cholesterol and saturated fatty acids, there are misconceptions regarding the perceived inferior quality of chevon compared to beef, pork or lamb among some consumers. This review seeks to provide evidence supporting the favorable nutritive characteristics of chevon and it being a healthful product that is poised to make a significant contribution to animal-derived foods for human consumption.
Prohibition Harms the Weakest: Does Consumer Irrationality Justify the War on Drugs?

When—if ever—is state control of individual decisions better than self-control? In the rational consumer model, the answer is never. That paradigm assumes that consumers know their own preferences, possess all relevant information, process that information correctly, and make consistent decisions over time. Government interference with individual choices—the substitution of state control for self-control—can therefore only harm individuals, who would make optimal decisions on their own. The rational model has a long history. Many economists still view that model as one useful approach to positive and normative questions. Other economists and non-economists, however, believe many consumers are not fully rational. Their alternative assessment arises both from casual observation of human behavior and from experimental research in behavioral economics and psychology that appears to challenge the rational consumer model.1 If consumers are not fully rational, the case for self-control rather than state control might seem less compelling. Government interference would not automatically reduce the well-being of nonrational consumers, since those non-rational consumers might be making sub-optimal decisions on their own behalf. I argue, however, that consumer irrationality strengthens, rather than weakens, the case for self-control. I make that argument in the context of the “War on Drugs”—the US government’s century-long attempt to eliminate marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and other intoxicating or mindaltering substances. If consumers are rational about drug use, prohibition makes them worse off. If consumers are not necessarily rational, prohibition might prevent some “bad” decisions to use drugs unnecessarily, so prohibition may seem worth considering. As I will explain, however, the War on Drugs is still bad policy — indeed, it’s an even worse policy if some consumers are non-rational. Prohibition might deter some ill-advised drug use, but its overall consequences harm irrational consumers more than rational consumers. Self-control as the approach to drugs might not be perfect, but state control is almost certainly worse.
When Gambling for Resurrection is Too Risky

Rather than taking on more risk, US insurers hit hard by the crisis pulled back from risk taking, relative to insurers hit less hard by the crisis. Capital requirements alone do not explain this risk reduction: insurers hit hard reduced risk within assets with identical regulatory treatment. State level US insurance regulation makes it unlikely this risk reduction was driven by moral suasion. Other financial institutions also reduce risk after large shocks: the same approach applied to banks yields similar results. My results suggest that, at least in some circumstances, franchise value can dominate, making gambling for resurrection too risky. JEL Classification: G22, G21, G32, G28
The Effect of Laser Peening without Coating on the Fatigue of a 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy with a Curved Notch

Laser shock peening has established itself as an effective surface treatment to enhance the fatigue properties of metallic materials. Although a number of works have dealt with the formation of residual stresses, and their consequent effects on the fatigue behavior, the influence of material geometry on the peening process has not been widely addressed. In this paper, Laser Peening without Coating (LPwC) is applied at the surface of a notch in specimens made of a 6082-T6 aluminum alloy. The treated specimens are tested by three-point bending fatigue tests, and their fatigue life is compared to that of untreated samples with an identical geometry. The fatigue life of the treated specimens is found to be 1.7 to 3.3 times longer. Brinell hardness measurements evidence an increase in the surface hardness of about 50%, following the treatment. The material response to peening is modelled by a finite element model, and the compressive residual stresses are computed accordingly. Stresses as high as −210 MPa are present at the notch. The ratio between the notch curvature and the laser spot radius is proposed as a parameter to evaluate the influence of the notch.
Continental‐scale phenology: warming and chilling

With abundant evidence of recent climate warming, most vegetation studies have concentrated on its direct impacts, such as modifications to seasonal plant and animal life cycle events (phenology). The most common examples are indications of earlier onset of spring plant growth and delayed onset of autumn senescence. However, less attention has been paid to the implications of continued warming for plant species' chilling requirements. Many woody plants that grow in temperate areas require a certain amount of winter chilling to break dormancy and prepare to respond to springtime warming. Thus, a comprehensive assessment of plant species' responses to warming must also include the potential impacts of insufficient chilling.
But he’s not desi: articulating ‘Indianness’ through partnership preference in the Indian-Australian diaspora

ABSTRACT This article examines young Indian-Australians’ understandings of identity expressed through their preferences in an intimate partnership. Studies in comparable contexts have indicated that diasporic Indians may identify as generically ‘Indian’, and express a desire for partners who are the same. This is no less true for many of Australia’s Indians. Based on fieldwork with members of the diaspora in Sydney, this paper looks at the extent to which the social hierarchies of regional/linguistic identity, religion, caste and class are reproduced through this group’s marriage and partnership practices. I find that their varying relationships with these hierarchies are often unconsciously shaped, and find expression in a sense of ‘Indianness’ and adherence to ‘Indian’ values. This paper further disrupts essentialising conceptions of inherent, intransient diasporic identity by highlighting that the diasporic negotiation of self is deeply personal and prone to differentiation.
Tweet Teach to Enhance Reading Skill among Low Proficiency Pupils

Reading skill is important for young learners. The incompetence of reading skill may affect young learners’ progress in learning. However, in the modernisation of today’s gadgets’ world, many young learners are competence to use the ICT even though they can’t read properly. A similar problem was identified among low proficiency of Level 1, who are also the participants of LINUS programme in Butterworth, Penang and Jasin, Malacca. Therefore, an action research of Ebbutt was conducted to investigate the enhancement of reading skill and their perception using Tweet Teach. Tweet Teach is an innovative teaching and learning tool innovated from a trendy and free social media, Twitter to teach phonics and vocabulary. There are 2 modules, the ‘Tweet Sound’ and ‘Tweet Pic-a-Thing’. 5 pupils of low proficiency of K3-K12 LINUS were chosen as the participants for this study. The pre-test and post-test, the Likert scale and the interview were used as instruments in the study. The finding of the study had led to an improvement in reading skill and positive perception was given by the participants. Overall, the use of Tweet Teach and its modules enhanced the reading skill among low proficiency pupils of Level 1.
Textbooks Evaluation: To what Extent Do the English Textbooks Provide Learning to Promote Cognitive Skill?

This research mainly aims at conducting an extensive evaluation of the two English textbooks for senior high school grade tenth revised edition based on Kurikulum 2013 yang disempurnakan (curriculum 2013 revised edition). This study employed a descriptive qualitative study. The English textbooks for the tenth grade published by Erlangga and Ministry of Education and Culture were selected as the sources of data. The evaluation focuses on how far the textbooks provide learning to promote cognitive skill. Basic competencies in cognitive domain of curriculum 2013 were adapted as an instrument to evaluate the textbooks. Findings found that the textbooks’ authors of the two textbooks have tried to present opportunities for students to achieve core competencies in cognitive domain of curriculum 2013 in several units. Nevertheless, there are certain units that need additional instructions to provide more opportunities for students in acquiring low and high-order thinking skills. On the basis of the findings, the textbooks may revise or improve the textbooks’ content by adding more experiences for students to achieve the levels of taxonomy bloom expected in the core and basic competencies of curriculum 2013. The findings are also useful for teachers to add or modify the instructions that suit the purposes of curriculum 2013 specifically in cognitive domain.
Household, community, sub-national and country-level predictors of primary cooking fuel switching in nine countries from the PURE study

Introduction. Switching from polluting (e.g. wood, crop waste, coal) to clean (e.g. gas, electricity) cooking fuels can reduce household air pollution exposures and climate-forcing emissions. While studies have evaluated specific interventions and assessed fuel-switching in repeated cross-sectional surveys, the role of different multilevel factors in household fuel switching, outside of interventions and across diverse community settings, is not well understood. Methods. We examined longitudinal survey data from 24 172 households in 177 rural communities across nine countries within the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study. We assessed household-level primary cooking fuel switching during a median of 10 years of follow up (∼2005–2015). We used hierarchical logistic regression models to examine the relative importance of household, community, sub-national and national-level factors contributing to primary fuel switching. Results. One-half of study households (12 369) reported changing their primary cooking fuels between baseline and follow up surveys. Of these, 61% (7582) switched from polluting (wood, dung, agricultural waste, charcoal, coal, kerosene) to clean (gas, electricity) fuels, 26% (3109) switched between different polluting fuels, 10% (1164) switched from clean to polluting fuels and 3% (522) switched between different clean fuels. Among the 17 830 households using polluting cooking fuels at baseline, household-level factors (e.g. larger household size, higher wealth, higher education level) were most strongly associated with switching from polluting to clean fuels in India; in all other countries, community-level factors (e.g. larger population density in 2010, larger increase in population density between 2005 and 2015) were the strongest predictors of polluting-to-clean fuel switching. Conclusions. The importance of community and sub-national factors relative to household characteristics in determining polluting-to-clean fuel switching varied dramatically across the nine countries examined. This highlights the potential importance of national and other contextual factors in shaping large-scale clean cooking transitions among rural communities in low- and middle-income countries.
Essays on foreign exchange risk

This dissertation consists of three chapters examining three different dimensions of foreign exchange risk. In chapter one, I deal with currency redenomination risk in the Eurozone, that is, the risk that euros held in a particular Eurozone country are converted into a new national currency once the country leaves the currency union. This conversion exposes holders of euro-denominated assets in that country to foreign exchange risk. I extract empirical measures of redenomination risk from asset prices and show that redenomination risk in France and Italy spikes around plebiscites in 2017 and 2018. French redenomination risk is associated with redenomination risk in other Eurozone countries, while Italian redenomination risk does not co-move with similar risks in other countries. These results are consistent with the interpretation that a French|unlike an Italian|exit from the Eurozone is associated with a Eurozone break-up. Chapter two is conjoint work with Ian Martin. We present a new identity that relates expected exchange rate appreciation to the currency's (risk-neutral) covariance with equity markets, and use it to motivate a currency forecasting variable based on the prices of quanto index contracts. We show via panel regressions that the quanto forecast variable is an economically and statistically significant predictor of currency appreciation and of excess returns on currency trades. Out of sample, the quanto variable outperforms predictions based on uncovered interest parity, on purchasing power parity, and on a random walk as a forecaster of differential (dollar-neutral) currency appreciation. In the third chapter, as in chapter two, I examine the exposures of different currencies to equity market risk. In contrast to the second chapter, chapter three analyses the link between risk exposures and speculative trading patterns, rather than measuring conditional risk exposures to forecast returns. I find, in a post-crisis sample, that currencies are more positively correlated with equity market returns, when hedge funds are long the currency future and vice versa for short positions.
The Influence of Crib Sheets on Veterinary Students Exam Performance, Perceived Stress, and Retention of Subject Matter Knowledge

NACTA Journal •March 2017, Vol 61(1) Abstract The purpose of this two-year longitudinal study was to examine the performance of veterinary students on exams utilizing crib sheets to determine their effects on exam performance, perceived exam stress, and retention of subject matter knowledge. Scores for individual exams where crib sheets were permitted were compared with exam scores where crib sheets were not permitted utilizing one-sample t-tests. One-sample t-tests were also utilized to determine the influence of crib sheets on subject matter knowledge retention for a cumulative exam. A questionnaire was distributed to capture students’ perceptions about the value of crib sheets. Researchers found crib sheet use enhanced student exam performance, but did not improve retention of subject matter knowledge. Results from the questionnaire indicated students perceived crib sheet use as a way decrease exam anxiety and provide support during studying and testing. Disadvantages surfaced by students included that crib sheets could be used as a crutch and could decrease learning. It is recommended that instruction on strategies for use be implemented in any course using crib sheets. Overall, crib sheet use was perceived as positive by students and could be a viable way to combat high levels of anxiety and depression in veterinary students.
Pengaruh Asimetri Informasi, Penekanan Anggaran, Komitmen Organisasi dan Ketidakpastian Lingkungan pada Senjangan Anggaran

Anggaran merupakan rencana periodik yang disusun untuk periode tertentu. Perbedaanjumlah anggaran yang diajukan oleh bawahan dengan jumlah estimasi yang terbaik dariorganisasi adalah senjangan anggaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan buktiempiris pengaruh asimetri informasi, penekanan anggaran, komitmen organisasi danketidakpastian lingkungan pada senjangan anggaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan di HotelBerbintang Kabupaten Badung. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesionerdengan teknik analisis data yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda. Sampel yang digunakanditentukan dengan metode nonprobability sampling, yaitu purposive sampling. Berdasarkanhasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa asimetri informasi, penekanan anggaran danketidakpastian lingkungan berpengaruh positif pada senjangan anggaran. Sedangkankomitmen organisasi berpengaruh negatif pada senjangan anggaran.Kata kunci: Senjangan, asimetri, penekanan, komitmen, ketidakpastian
FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS ESCOLA DE ECONOMIA DE SÃO PAULO JORDANO VIEIRA ROCHA ESSAYS ON BRAZILIAN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION REVISIONS AND FORECASTING

Brazilian Industrial Production Index (IPI), as many other macroeconomic variables, is subject to revisions over time due to corrections in primary data, updates in the seasonal adjustment factors, and changes in methodological concepts or weighting structures. This thesis contains two essays related to the Brazilian IPI. The first chapter builds a real-time data set containing the series as observed at the time of each monthly publication, directly assessing the behavior of revisions of different time lengths. Results show considerable magnitude, variability and evidence of predictability for revisions, specially in later revisions. The second chapter analyzes how performance of different models in forecasting the Brazilian IPI one-step ahead is influenced by the use of samples of different sizes. Since the series undergoes methodological revisions over time, this approach indirectly captures the influence of these changes on forecast accuracy. We find that most models benefit from expanding the estimation sample beginning at least up to 1993:12. For estimation starting in January 1975 and 1985, predictions from Autometrics with impulse dummy saturation and the average of forecasts are statistically more accurate than those from the benchmark autoregressive model.
Assessing the Role and Value of Interactivity in Visual Business Intelligence

The development and success of many organizations to a large extent depend on how well and how timely they manage to gain insight into collected data. Business Intelligence (BI) provides methods for analyzing business-critical information and supports decision-making processes. But the ever growing amounts of data and information clearly overwhelm traditional manual methods of data analysis such as spreadsheets, standard reporting or simple diagrams. One possibility to face this problem is Information Visualization (InfoVis). By utilizing the powerful human perceptual system that is extremely efficient in processing visual input, visualization, for example, can help to make sense of data, explore complex information spaces or spot patterns and relationships within the data. Interactivity or the possibility to engage in an active discourse with the representation lies at the core of Information Visualization. However, empirical evidence and detailed approaches to model the concept of interactivity are largely missing in research today. This thesis is a first step towards bridging this gap and approaching the concept of interactivity more in depth. In order to do so, a twofold approach was chosen. First, the concept of interactivity was investigated from a theoretical point of view. In particular, cognitive theories and models were analyzed in order to determine their ability to explain and predict the value and role of interactivity in visual methods. Second, a qualitative empirical study was conducted among six IT-managers working in the field of Business Intelligence to assess the current practice at work concerning visual methods and interactivity. The main results are that cognitive theories and models do not explicitly account for the role of interactivity but rather concentrate on modeling the elements of a cognitive system and explaining how these entities interact with each other to achieve a certain goal. How different types of interactivity influence these processes is usually not part of the theories, and the effect of interactivity on cognitive processes was hardly ever mentioned. Apart from that, the empirical study showed that interactive visual methods in the area of Business Intelligence aren’t used very often. One of the main reasons reported is the fact that visualization is still two steps ahead and at the moment mostly more basic problems concerning data gathering, data modeling and data quality prevail. Moreover, most users are used to work with numbers and tables and are not aware of the possibilities in terms of visualization. However, the interviewed IT-managers acknowledged that using more interactive visual methods in Business Intelligence would be beneficial for users.
A Legacy from the Informal Economy: On the Relationship between Experimentation and Exporting among African SMEs

We explore whether firms that started their operations in the informal economy are more likely to start exporting than firms that started out as formally registered. The informal economy covers the actions of economic agents that fail to adhere to the established institutional rules or are denied their protection. We utilize this context to argue that informal firms have a unique opportunity to experiment with different products and markets prior to formal registration. This, we hypothesize, increases their propensity to export after formal registration. At the same time, we also hypothesize that the relationship between firms’ informal legacy and exporting propensity is weaker in countries where formal institutions are stronger. Using a comprehensive sample of 8,933 African SMEs, we find support for our hypotheses. A LEGACY FROM THE INFORMAL ECONOMY: ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPERIMENTATION AND EXPORTING
Can Government Public Communications Elicit Undue Trust? Exploring the Interaction between Symbols and Substantive Information in Communications

Effective public communications have been proposed as a remedy for citizens’ distrust in government. Recent studies pointed to the emotional effect of symbolic elements, entangled in government public communications (e.g., logos, images, and celebrities). Still, they did not examine the interaction between these symbols and the substantive information in communications about bureaucracies’ performance and policies. Exploring this interaction is important for understanding the theoretical mechanisms underlying the effect of symbolic communication on citizens’ trust. Also, it is essential to assess symbols’ potency to unduly compensate for unfavorable or logically unpersuasive information, and enable public organizations to escape justified public criticism. Building on the social psychology Elaboration Likelihood Model, I theorize that symbols may increase citizens’ trust by conducing citizens to pay less attention to logically unpersuasive information, and thus offsetting its negative effect. I test this indirect mechanism via a large survey experiment, focusing on the Israeli Environment Protection Ministry. The experimental results support the research hypotheses and suggest that the effect of symbolic elements is stronger when communications include logically unpersuasive information. I discuss the implications of these findings for democratic responsiveness and accountability.