Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WHY DO WORKERS WORK SAFELY? DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY MOTIVATION QUESTIONNAIRE SCALES

Background: Motivation is one of the most important factors for safety behaviour and for implementing change in general. However, theoretical and psychometric studies of safety performance traditionally treat safety motivation, safety compliance, and safety participation unidimensionally. Questionnaire items tap into occupational safety motivation in asking whether or not respondents are motivated, and whether they feel that safety is important or worthwhile, rather than what motivates workers to comply with safety regulations and participate in safety activities. The aim of this article is to introduce and validate new theory-based occupational safety motivation questionnaire scales. Method: Seven occupational safety motivation questionnaire items are developed on the basis of a theoretical model with three forms of motivation for safety compliance/participation: normative, social, and calculated motivations. The items are tested using baseline measurements from a case-control safety intervention study with a total of 532 workers from 22 small, medium, and large metal or wood manufacturing enterprises. Mean scores for each item are ranked in size, and the scales/items are validated and matched with a questionnaire scale regarding safety compliance, as well as interview and observational data. Results: Ranking patterns of the seven items are similar across all 22 enterprises, and six of the items fall into three factors: normative, calculative and social safety motivation. Workers are primarily motivated by normative safety motivations and only secondarily by social and calculated motivations. Questionnaire data, interview data, and observational data point to social motivations as being as important for safety compliance as normative safety motivations. There is a moderate, positive correlation between normative safety motivation and safety compliance and a weak but positive correlation between social motivation and safety compliance, but no correlation with calculative safety motivation. Conclusion: Normative motivation and social motivation are important for workers safety behaviour, and are positively related to safety compliance. These findings can be used to improve safety in designing more effective safety interventions. Further development of occupational safety motivation scales should include calculative, normative, social as well as ethical motivation items.
Electoral Rules, Political Competition and Fiscal Expenditures: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from Brazilian Municipalities

Abstract We exploit a discontinuity in the rules of Brazilian mayoral elections to investigate whether political competition has a causal impact on fiscal policy choices. In municipalities with fewer than 200,000 voters, mayors are elected under a plurality voting system. In all other municipalities, a runoff election takes place between the top two candidates if neither achieves the majority of votes. Our results suggest that political competition induces more investment and less current expenditures, particularly personnel expenditures. The impact is larger when incumbents can run for re-election, suggesting incentives matter insofar as incumbents can themselves remain in office.
Morphological examination and biogeography of the Gomphonema rosenstockianum and G. tergestinum species complex (Bacillariophyceae)

The type material of Gomphonema rosenstockianum LANGE-BERT. et E. REICHARDT from La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain) and epilithic material of rivers from several European countries were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy in order to improve the knowledge on the taxonomical status of the G. rosenstockianum and G. tergestinum (GRUNOW) M. SCHMIDT species complex. Two other Gomphonema species, G. supertergestinum E. REICHARDT and G. angustius E. REICHARDT, recently described and belonging to the same group, are also presented in detail. After the analysis of several populations of G. rosenstockianum and G. tergestinum it was possible to define several reliable criteria to allow morphological differentiation of both species under LM and SEM as well. A geometric morphometric analysis clearly demonstrated the separation of these taxa considering valve outline, size and shape of the central area and position of the stigma. Apart from the morphological analysis, compilation of the results of this study has also revealed differences in ecological preferences of the two species. World and European distribution maps of the four Gomphonema taxa are presented.
Genetic diversity analysis for quantitative traits in indigenous germplasm of lentil in Madhya Pradesh

Genetic divergence was assessed among 139 germplasm lines of lentil collected from different districts and tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh using Mahalanobis’s D2 analysis. The 139 lentil genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters. Cluster I was found to be the largest comprising 124 genotypes, followed by cluster III having 12 genotypes. Cluster II, IV and V had single genotype each. The pattern of distribution of genotypes from different eco- geographical regions into various clusters was at random indicating that geographical diversity and genetic diversity were not related. The characters viz. number of seeds per plant, days to maturity and total number of pods per plant contributed maximum towards genetic divergence among the genotypes and supposed to play important role in the improvement of lentil. On the basis of cluster mean, intra and inter cluster distance and per se, cluster III, IV and V may be used for their desirable characters in breeding programme of lentil. Entries like, JLC 54, JLC 117, JLC 132, JLC 123, JLC 113 and JLC 35 were selected which could be intercrossed to obtain high heterotic effect and also to recover desirable transgressive segregants.
Role Conflict and Self-Efficacy Among Employed Parents: Examining Complex Statistical Interactions

employed women and men. The results indicate that self-efficacy is a strong predictor of family interfering with work (FIW) and work interfering with family (WIF). Gender moderates the relation between supervisor support and WIF moderates the impact of efficacy beliefs and instrumental support at home on FIW. Specifically, while supervisor support is negatively related to WIF in women and men, high levels of support more strongly affected men’s perceptions of WIF. In low self-efficacy men, high levels of support at home improved their perceptions of FIW but these perceptions worsened in women. These findings contrast with earlier research that focus predominantly on the predictive value of structural demands (for example, the number of hours worked per week and family size). This study shows that gender plays a critical yet intricate role as a predictor of the successful management of work and family roles: it is not gender per se but its interaction with personal and social variables that informs us about differences in the experience of employed parents.
Genetic differentiation between 'Araucana' creole and 'Hampshire Down' sheeps in Chile

Genetic diversity studies in domestic animals allow evaluating genetic variation within and among breeds mainly for conservation purposes. In Chile exist isolated recovery programs, conservation and characterization of animal genetic resources, a consequence of which the vast majority of them have not been characterized, poorly used, and some of them have become extinct. The aim of this research was to determine genetic diversity and relationship between ‘Araucana’ creole and ‘Hampshire Down’ sheeps based on microsatellite markers; sheep breeds with similar phenotypic characteristics, raised in the south of Chile. A total of 64 ‘Araucana’ sheep (‘Araucana’ from Freire, AF: 27, ‘Araucana’ from Padre Las Casas, AP: 10, ‘Araucana’ from Chol Chol, AC: 15, ‘Araucana’ from Villarrica, AV: 12) and 43 ‘Hampshire Down’ sheep (‘Hampshire’ from Marchigue, HM: 18, ‘Hampshire’ from Valdivia, HV: 11, ‘Hampshire’ from San Jose, HS: 14) were analyzed using 17 microsatellite markers for determine the genetic diversity and relationship between breeds. A total of 284 alleles were observed with average polymorphic information content equal to 0.76, showing that the microsatellites panel used was highly informative. Estimated heterozygosity ranged from 0.73 in ‘Hampshire Down’ to 0.85 in ‘Araucana’. The low inbreeding or endogamy coefficient (F
PSP-based scalable compact FinFET model

A high-quality compact FinFET model is a prerequisite for initial circuit design and evaluation of these prospective replacements for conventional bulk MOSFETs in real circuits. Our PSP-based compact model for symmetric 3-terminal FinFETs with thin undoped or lightly doped body contains simple analytical expressions for currents and charges. This makes the model well suited for such circuit simulations. Yet, this surface potential based model offers an accurate description of not only the currents, but also of the (trans-)conductance and capacitances and is continuous over all operating conditions (subthreshold, linear, saturation). The model is fully scalable and will be demonstrated to describe a full range of device geometries, from the longchannel limit down to the shortest channels, with a single set of parameters.
Generation Y: Views on Entrepreneurship

Today’s generation is described to be born for entrepreneurship but with the development of the online medium, new meaning to entrepreneurship is brought. The youngest generation also referred to as “digitally native” is inclined to use technology and the Internet in every aspect of their life, including their professional one. Following this line of thought, this paper’s aim is to discover whether the Gen Y is, indeed, oriented towards entrepreneurship and whether they are more inclined to start an online business. Thus, by conducting a quantitative study among young students we are focusing on discovering the Gen Y’s reasons for starting their own businesses, the obstacles they fear they might face, and the financial resources they consider and also reveal the qualities they believe they should possess in order to become successful entrepreneurs.
Viscous dissipation effect in trapezoidal microchannels at constant heat flux

Present paper is dealt with the steady state, laminar and hydrodynamically and thermally developed flow in a trapezoidal channel under H2 boundary condition is investigated. Slip flow, temperature jump and viscous dissipation effects are considered. Firstly, Navier-Stokes equations are transformed from physical plane to square domain, and then solved using finite difference method. Also, it is possible to obtain fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics for a rectangular microchannel with this method. The effects of aspect ratio, rarefaction, base angle and viscous heating on Nusselt number are discussed. The results of the numerical method are verified with the conventional theory of macrochannels (i.e. Kn=0, Br=0). Also, the friction factors and the Nusselt numbers for Br=0, Kn≠0 are in a good agreement with the available results of flow and heat transfer of rectangular microchannels in the literature. The results showed that the increase in rarefaction reduces the Nusselt numbers in trapezoidal and rectangular microchannels. When the Kn number is fixed and the Br number is small, the microchannel with the higher aspect ratio has the greater Nu, but for higher Br numbers, the greater aspect ratio results in smaller Nu. Also, at the same rarefaction, when Br number is large, the difference between Nu number of different aspect ratios decreases.
Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of aLocal Probiotic in Comparison with a CommercialProbiotic in the African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus

Probiotics are mono or mixed cultures of live organisms which improve the host’s health status and indigenous flora properties. The use of probiotics in enhancing growth and as replacement for synthetic growth promoters in animal health management and nutrition has been scientifically proven. This study was carried out to evaluate the intestinal flora of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus for probiotic properties, develop suitable probiotic formulation/s from them; and evaluate the efficacy of the developed probiotic for promoting growth and health in the African catfish in comparison with a commercial probiotic, Mito yeast. Laboratory screening of the gut Microflora of cultured C. gariepinus using standard methods revealed Lactobacillus plantarum as a viable organism with probiotic properties. Lactobacillus plantarum (Accession no: KP 410238) was thereafter cultured, processed and included as supplement in the diet of C. gariepinus and evaluated for growth and health enhancement capability. Experimental diets (TD1, TD2, TD3, TD4) were supplemented with the developed probiotic containing L. plantarum (109 CFU/g) at 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% respectively, while TD5 was supplemented with 0.5% MY-500 (MitoYeast) containing Saccharomyces boulardii culture (2x109 CFU/g). Growth performance, measured by body weight gain, BWG; specific growth rate, SGR and metabolic growth rate, MGR; and nutrient utilization (protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency, FE) were significantly different (P < 0.05) in treatments with varied levels of probiotics’ inclusion compared to the control diet. Hematological effects as indicated by Packed Cell Volume, Hemoglobin, Red Blood Cell count, White Blood Cell Volume, Mean Corpuscular Volume, Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration and Platelet count showed an increase in fish fed probiotic-supplemented diet treatments compared to control, but the effects were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05), and values were within recommended levels. This suggests that the developed probiotic has no negative impact on the health status of C. gariepinus. This study concludes that dietary inclusion of probiotics in C. gariepinus diets improved growth and nutrient utilization in the fish; and had no adverse effect on its health status. Lactobacillus plantarum, a naturally occurring microorganism present in the gut of C. gariepinus was identified and confirmed as a viable probiotic agent in the species.
Transgender Self-Attitudes: Formation and Change A Qualitative Study

The current study explored attitudes of transgender people about being transgender and how these attitudes had formed and changed over participants’ lifetimes. Using a qualitative, grounded theory approach (Charmaz, 2003), interviews with 11 transgender adults were coded and analyzed. Two primary categories of attitudes were identified: participant attitudes regarding acceptability of being transgender and attitudes regarding how possible they believed it is to be transgender and/or transition genders. Early in life, most participants had little exposure to the idea of being transgender, and those that knew of it often initially believed that it would too difficult or impossible to transition. Many also believed they would be rejected by others if they did transition. However, after periods of introspection and experiences of acceptance by cisgender people and other transgender people, these attitudes often changed. Participants began to have more dynamic views of gender, to experience more acceptance of their own gender identities, and to often appreciate aspects of being transgender. Implications of the study include fostering more acceptance for diverse gender identities and expressions from a young age, creating space for individuals to self-determine with unconditional acceptance, and promoting more positive examples of transgender people (not just as they transition but long after) in media
Consideration of Uncertainty in Stock Assessment of Atlantic Menhaden

Stock assessments of Atlantic menhaden are conducted annually for the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, as required by the recently updated Fishery Management Plan, adopted in 1992. Uncertainties in stock assessments have been explored over the years from many perspectives. Two general areas of analysis are considered here. The first area is largely deterministic and concerns the virtual population analysis (VPA), including development and coherence of the catch-at-age matrix; his- torical retrospective problems; implications of assuming constant M at all ages analyzed; and reliability of recruitment estimates relative to fishery-independent juvenile abundance indices when used for cali- brating the VPA. The second area of consideration comprises stochastic analyses, including stochastic projections based on biological benchmarks determined from yield-per-recruit and spawning-stock- biomass-per-recruit models; bootstrapped application of a surplus-production model; and projections from that production model. Nonetheless, the largest uncertainty in assessment of the stock stems not from modeling considerations, but is a biological question: Can the high stock levels observed in the 1950s be regained by reducing fishing mortality? Projections based on production modeling assume that they can, but if exogenous forces (for example, habitat loss or pollution) have affected the stock, it may be that they cannot. If the recent pattern of lower fishing mortality rates in response to social and economic factors continues, the fishery will in essence conduct an experiment that may answer the question.
Comparative Effects of Exercise on Selected Cardiorespiratory Parameters among Young Adults from Different Ethnic Groups Resident in Nigeria

This study investigated the differences or similarities in the baseline and post exercise cardiorespiratory parameters between young male adults of Igbo and Yoruba. A total of two hundred apparently healthy subjects (100 Yorubas and 100 Igbos) were involved in the study. Subjects were undergraduates who were within the age of 18-30 years. The subjects were asked to sit down for 3 mins and resting cardiorespiratory parameters (pulse rate, blood pressure, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and peak expiratory flow rate) were obtained with the sphygmomanometer and spirometer accordingly. They were then subjected to 3mins of exercise on a step bench while the metronome was set at 88 and 96 beats per minutes. The results showed a significant decrease in pre exercise pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure of Igbo when compared with Yoruba, but there was no significant differences in post exercise systolic and diastolic blood pressure of Igbo when compared with Yoruba. A significant increase in pre and post exercise forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and VO2 max was observed in Igbo when compared with Yoruba. The study concluded that there were differences in some cardiorespiratory parameters among male participants of both ethnic groups (Igbo and Yoruba) before and after exercise. The reported data may be useful in interpreting more accurately the significance of increase or decrease in cardiorespiratory response before and after exercise in a subject of a specific ethnic group.
Practicality and Effectiveness of Student’ Worksheets Based on Ethno science to Improve Conceptual Understanding in Rigid Body

Generally, the learning process in classes still used worksheets that does not link the matter and instructional topics with local knowledge of local area. Though it is able to increase the students' conceptual understanding of the specific physics topics. This study aimed to analyze the practicality and effectiveness student’ worksheet based on Ethno science in improving student understanding of rigid body’ concept. The study used a quasi-experimental with pretest-post test control group design. The sample was students’ senior high school in Lampung’ province, Indonesia. The sampling technique used simple random sampling technique. Data were obtain through the questionnaire, responses of teachers and students, and test of learning outcome in multiple choice questions reasoned type. Data were analyzed by percentage, N-gain, and effect size. The results showed that student worksheet based on Ethno science was practically using in learning and effective in improving conceptual understanding which is indicated by the differences in test results between the control and the experimental class. Keywords—Effectiveness, Ethno science, Conceptual Understanding, Practicality, Student Worksheet.
The Impact of Waiting Time on Pedestrian Violations at Signalized Intersections

The phenomenon that pedestrian violates traffic signals at intersections and crosses with danger is universal. This study aims to find out the influence of the waiting time of pedestrians at an intersection and the three main factors of pedestrian violations. In this study, 13 intersections and 1075 violations sample were collected in Suzhou China, which had different maximum waiting times. The validation would use the complementary video data. There are several factors, which have great influence on the proportion of pedestrian violations, such as the age, sex, arrive time, red phase, conflicting traffic volume and the length of volume crosswalks. Additionally, The significance of pedestrian maximum waiting time was highlighted in the end. For the purpose of reducing dangerous pedestrian behaviors at signalized intersections, minimizing waiting times is supposed to be one proper way.
Distance and Regionalization of Trade for Low-Income Countries

The"distance effect"measuring the elasticity of trade flows to distance has been rising since the early 1970s in a host of studies based on the gravity model, leading observers to call it the"distance puzzle". This paper reviews the evidence and explanations. Using an extensive data set of 124 countries over the period 1970-2005, the authors confirm the existence of this puzzle and identify that it only applies to poor countries (the bottom third in per capita income terms in the sample -- i.e., the low-income countries according to the World Bank classification, 2006). The analysis shows that this group has intensified trade with closer partners and has chosen new partners that are closer than existing partners, leading to a regionalization of their trade at both extensive and intensive margins (regionalization of trade is absent for the other countries). Combining several methods on cross-section and panel estimates of the gravity equation, the authors estimate that low-income countries exhibit a significant rising distance effect on their trade, around 18 percent between 1970 and 2006. There is no more distance"puzzle"for trade within richer countries (the top third in per capita income terms in the sample). The paper disposes of several previous explanations of the puzzle, and notes that this regionalization could well be a reflection of increased integration of this group of countries in the world economy or greater marginalization.