Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of CD10 Staining in Distinguishing Invasive Endometrial Adenocarcinoma from Adenocarcinoma Involving Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis may be involved by endometrial adenocarcinoma, but in contrast to true myometrial invasion, the depth of an adenomyotic focus involved by carcinoma does not alter pathologic tumor staging. Therefore, distinction from carcinoma invading myometrium is clinically relevant. We hypothesized that CD10, a marker of non-neoplastic and neoplastic endometrial stroma, would highlight the stromal component of adenomyotic foci and be useful in this distinction. Thirty-nine cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma were analyzed and divided into three groups: I, invasive endometrial adenocarcinoma (n = 14); II, endometrial adenocarcinoma involving adenomyosis but without myometrial invasion (n = 18); and III, adenomyosis involved by endometrial adenocarcinoma with concomitant invasive component (n = 7). All cases of adenomyosis involved by endometrial adenocarcinoma demonstrated CD10 expression in the stromal cells of adenomyotic foci. Eleven of 21 cases (52%) of invasive adenocarcinoma also showed CD10 expression, at least focally, in cells immediately surrounding the infiltrating glands. Of these, two cases (from Group III) also had associated adenomyotic involvement by carcinoma. The remaining cases of invasive carcinoma were negative for CD10. Therefore, presence of CD10 staining immediately surrounding neoplastic glands does not equate with involvement of adenomyosis by endometrial adenocarcinoma. In contrast, absence of CD10 expression excludes involvement of adenomyosis by adenocarcinoma.
Mechanisms determining the ratio of conductivity clearance to urea clearance.

BACKGROUND Effective conductivity clearance (K(ecn)) has been reported to be a surrogate for effective urea clearance (K(eu)), where both are usually defined respectively as the dialyzer conductivity and urea clearances (K(cn), K(u)) corrected for access recirculation (R(ac)). However, many investigators have reported K(ecn)/K(eu) to be <1 and postulated anatomic distribution of Na in plasma water, cardiopulmonary recirculation (R(cp)), and high rates of urea clearance (K(u)) as causes. The aims of these studies were to devise analytic models of these mechanisms and to clinically evaluate the modeled relationships. METHODS We modeled and measured: (1) Na osmotic distribution volume flow rate (Q(osmNa)) in dialyzer blood flow; (2) the separate and combined effects of R(ac) and R(cp) on K(u) and K(cn); and (3) a novel mechanism reducing the conductivity diffusion gradient during measurement of K(cn) by recirculation through the dialyzer (R(s)) of a change in systemic blood conductivity (Delta Cn(s)) induced by the abrupt changes in dialysate inlet Na (Delta C(diNa)) required for the measurement of K(cn). RESULTS The ratio Q(osmNa)/Q(bi)= 1.00 +. 03, N= 19 (Q(bi)= total blood water flow rate). Modeling showed that the effects of R(ac), R(cp), and R(s) on K(cn) can be quantified as K(ecn)= K(cn)(1 -Delta Cn(bi)/Delta Cn(di)), where Delta C(nbi) is any change in conductivity in the dialyzer blood inlet stream during a measurement, and the effect of a combination of these mechanisms is the product of the effects of individual mechanisms. A single-step dialysate profile (with R(ac)= 0) resulted in measured Delta C(biNa)/Delta C(diNa)= 2.5/15, K(ecn)/K(eu)= 0.83, N= 21 because of R(s) and R(cp), but with a two-step, high/low profile (P(h/L)) we found these respective values to be -0.6/20 and 0.97, N= 19. The ratio K(ecn)/K(eu3)= 1.06 +. 02, M + SE, N= 35 (K(eu3)= Ku corrected to reflect both access and cardiopulmonary recirculation). The ratio K(ecn)/K(eu1) (K(eu1) is K(u) corrected to reflect access recirculation only) = 1.01 +. 07, N= 297, with no bias on Bland Altman analysis. CONCLUSION We conclude that (1) the osmotic Na distribution volume in blood is total blood water; (2) K(ecn) measured with a short, high/low, and asymmetric dialysate profile shows R(ac) effect but neither R(cp) nor R(s) effects on K(ecn) and K(ecn)/K(eu)= 1.0; (3) the K(ecn)/K(eu) ratio is strongly dependent on the type of dialysate profile used, which must be optimized to minimize net Na transfer to and from blood during measurement of conductivity clearance to avoid erroneous underestimation of K(ecn) and K(ecn)/K(eu) ratios <1.
Evaluation of currents' distribution and two-port parameters of an arbitrarily shaped notch in microstrip line through a simple and novel technique

Employing an amalgam of Modal Decoupling technique of Multi Transmission Lines (MDMTL) and improved version of Rigorously Coupled Multi Strips (RCMS) in conjunction with closed expressions of step and gap in microstrip line one is able to determine both longitudinal and transverse currents' distribution of any transverse discontinuities such as rectangular notch, circular notch, slit, etc, across the strip separately and independently and also to estimate any two-port parameters readily and accurately within a wide range of microwave frequencies. In this paper, first the transmission line is divided into non-uniformly narrow strips for finding the current distribution of a rectangular notch qualitatively which is chosen as a matter of simplicity, and then it is again divided but this time in a uniform way to calculate the s-parameters. The results are in very good agreement with those obtained by full wave analysis.
Swimming behavior of the monotrichous bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25.

Motility is an important trait for some bacteria living in nature and the analyses of it can provide important information on bacterial ecology. While the swimming behavior of peritrichous bacteria such as Escherichia coli has been extensively studied, the monotrichous bacteria such as the soil inhabiting and plant growth promoting bacterium Pseudmonas fluorescens is not very well characterized. Unlike E. coli that is propelled by a left-handed flagella bundle, P. fluorescens SBW25 swims several times faster by rotating a right-handed flagellum. Its swimming pattern is the most sophisticated known so far: it swims forward (run) and backward (backup); it can swiftly 'turn' the run directions or 'reorient' at run-backup transitions; it can 'flip' the cell body continuously or 'hover' in the milieu without translocation. The bacteria swam in circles near flat surfaces with reduced velocity and increased turn frequency. The viscous drag load due to wall effect potentially accounts for the circular motion and velocity change, but not the turn frequency. The flagellation and swimming behavior of P. fluorescens SBW25 show some similarity to Caulobacter, a fresh-water inhabitant, while the complex swimming pattern might be an adaptation to the geometrically restricted rhizo- and phyllospheres.
Histamine in Allergic Inflammation and Immune Modulation

Histamine, originally considered as a mediator of acute inflammatory and immediate hypersensitivity responses has also been demonstrated to affect chronic inflammation and regulate several essential events in the immune response. On the other hand, various cytokines control histamine synthesis, release and expression of histamine receptors (HRs). The cells involved in the regulation of immune response and hematopoiesis express HRs and also secrete histamine, which can selectively recruit the major effector cells into tissue sites and affect their maturation, activation, polarization and effector functions leading to chronic inflammation. Histamine, acting through its receptor type 2, positively interferes with the peripheral antigen tolerance induced by T regulatory cells in several pathways. Histamine also regulates antigen-specific Th1 and Th2 cells, as well as related antibody isotype responses. The diverse effects of histamine on immune regulation are due to differential expression and regulation of four HRs and their distinct intracellular signals. In addition, differences in affinities of these receptors are highly decisive on the biological effects of histamine and agents that target HRs. This article highlights the findings leading to a change of perspective in histamine immunobiology.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE TRENDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE AMONG DIFFERENT SPECIES OF ENTEROCOCCI

Enterococci present a therapeutic challenge because of their resistance to a vast array of antimicrobial drugs and the propensity of Enterococci to acquire resistance. Thousand clinical specimens were collected from two tertiary care hospitals in Kerala. Enterococci were isolated and identified from clinical specimens by conventional methods. Antibiotic resistance and MIC were detected. Vancomycin resistant genes were confirmed by PCR and broth mating was performed to detect resistance gene transfer. Of the isolates E.faecalis was the predominant species followed by E.faecium, E.gallinarum, E.avium, E.mundtii and E.raffinosus . Multidrug resistance was demonstrated by most of the isolates. Among the six vancomycin resistant E.faecium isolates, three were of vanA and three vanB phenotypes. VanB resistant genes were located on plasmid and were transferred to recipients through conjugation. The present study reveals the emergence of transferrable vancomycin resistance from this part of the country.
[Hyperglycemia in toxic oil syndrome].

OBJECTIVE To know the prevalence of hyperglycemia in patients with Spanish toxic oil syndrome (TOS). To analyze clinical, biochemical, and pathological associated factors. To compare them with a control group. DESIGN Case and controls study. SETTING Primary Health Care. XI Sanitary district in Madrid. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS 734 cases with toxic oil syndrome. 1474 control subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance was 2.95% in TOS and 0.07% in control subjects (p < 0.001; OR, 7.55; IC, 291-19.57). Diabetes No insulin treated was 7.78% in TOS and 3.26% in controls (p < 0.001; OR 250; IC 1.62-3.87). Diabetes insulin treated was 1.99% in TOS and 0.47% in controls (p < 0.01; OR, 4.98; IC, 1.80-13.78). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in TOS was 9.77 and 3.67% (p < 0.001; OR, 2.85; IC, 1.90-4.25) in controls. The pancreatic lesions found in the necropsies were vasculitis type TOS (4 cases) and endothelial vascular lesions (1 case). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hyperglycemia in TOS reached 13%, where as in the control subjects, it was 3.8% (p < 0.001). The pancreatic lesions detected in deceased TOS patients did not coincide with those commonly described in diabetes mellitus.
Safety incentive and penalty provisions in Indian construction projects and their impact on safety performance

Safety incentive and penalty (I/P) provisions in construction contracts are one of the most common forms of I/P. Contradictory opinions on the effectiveness of these provisions have been expressed in the literature. Statistics on safety provisions were collected from 32 construction projects, which include both types of contracts – those with safety I/P provisions and those without them. Although inclusion of safety I/P provisions in contracts helps in improving the overall safety performance in construction projects, further scope for improvement still exists. Literature review and structured personal interviews, coupled with a survey based on preliminary questionnaire, revealed that successful formulation and implementation of such provisions are dependent on 25 attributes which need the attention of both clients and contractors. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to evaluate these attributes. The six factors extracted by carrying out factor analysis are: incentive distribution method, proper labour training, special attention to risky situations, role of safety committee and sub-contractors, specialised works and safety equipments, and right form of I/P. If taken care of, these attributes have the potential to improve the safety performance in construction projects. The results would be useful to clients and contractors in implementing the safety I/P provisions and thereby improving safety performance.
Rate of methicillin penetration into normal heart valve and experimental endocarditis lesions

Methicillin concentrations were measured in serum, normal heart valves, damaged heart valves, myocardium, and extravascular fluid from 12 New Zealand white rabbits to assess the influence of valvular damage on methicillin penetrations. Fibrin scarring of the aortic valve was induced by the placement of a polyethylene catheter through the aortic leaflet for 4 days. Each rabbit was then given a 40-mg/kg intravenous bolus dose of methicillin. Serum concentrations were collected, and animals were sacrificed 5, 15, 30, and 60 min after the dose. Normal and damaged heart valves from six different rabbits were desiccated to evaluate the fluid content of each. The time course of methicillin in damaged aortic valves was similar to that in serum and followed a bioexponential decline. The pharmacokinetic profile of methicillin in normal heart muscle and normal heart valves was clearly different from that of serum and damaged heart valves. Damaged valves showed a rapid and complete equilibrium with serum, whereas normal heart valve and muscle methicillin concentrations were consistently lower than serum concentrations at all times after the rapid bolus dose. The greater extravascular fluid content in damaged heart valves (P less than 0.001) compared with that in normal heart valves may be associated with the greater extent of penetration into damaged heart valves. Equilibrium between serum and damaged valves may be achieved more rapidly because the damaged area is composed of platelet and fibrin matrix and lacks the membrane integrity of normal heart valve tissue.
Elements released from dental casting alloys and their cytotoxic effects.

PURPOSE This in vitro study investigated the element release from seven commercially available dental casting alloys and tested their cytotoxic effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The casting alloys tested were one high-noble alloy (Bioherador N) and six base-metal alloys, including four Ni-Cr alloys (Remanium CS, Heranium NA, Wiron 99, CB Soft), one Co-Cr alloy (Wirobond C), and one Cu-based alloy (Thermobond). Ten specimens from each alloy were prepared in the form of disks, and each of the seven dental casting alloys (10 disks per group) were conditioned in distilled water at 37 degrees C for either 72 or 168 hours. The conditioning media were analyzed for element release, and the cytotoxic effects were assessed on Balb C fibroblasts using MTT assay. RESULTS Element release was greater at 168 hours of conditioning than at 72 hours. The extract from the high-noble alloy showed the least amount of element release (only Zn), with no cytotoxic effects. The greatest amount of element release was detected in the Cu-based alloy Thermobond and the Ni-Cr alloy CB Soft; their extracts were significantly more toxic than all the other alloy extracts. The cytotoxic effects of the other Ni-Cr alloy extracts were not statistically significantly different from the high-noble alloy extract. However, the Co-Cr alloy (Wirobond C) extract was significantly more cytotoxic than the high-noble alloy extract. CONCLUSION Element release from casting alloys is proportional to the conditioning time. The content of Cr and Mo in the alloy protects the alloy from dissolution, while the Cu content makes it more susceptible to corrosion and dissolution, rendering it more cytotoxic.
Likelihood‐ratio affected sib‐pair tests applied to multiply affected sibships: Issues of power and type I error rate

“All‐pairs” likelihood‐ratio analyses, such as those performed by MAPMAKER/SIBS [Kruglyak and Lander, 1995], require that a sibship containing N affected siblings be split into N(N – 1)/2 sibships, each containing a different pair of affected sibs, before analysis. Each of these N(N – 1)/2 sibships may also contain the other affected sibs from the original sibship, coded as unaffected, to infer missing parental genotypes, as is done automatically in MAPMAKER/SIBS. Then, the use of the same individuals both as affecteds to test for linkage and, elsewhere, as unaffecteds to infer missing parental genotypes leads to negative correlations in the estimated identity by descent sharing among affected pairs from the same original multiplex sibship. This gives a conservative test of linkage, even when no downweighting is applied. Conversely, if the other affected sibs from the original sibship are omitted, the correlations are positive and the linkage test is anticonservative in the absence of weighting. True type I error probability also depends on marker informativity, typed parents, number of affected sibs included in the analysis, and the weighting scheme. This suggests the use of simulation, rather than asymptotic theory, to assess significance levels. The power of multiplex sibships relative to affected pairs increases with increasing phenocopy percentage, but the presence of typed unaffected sibs improves the relative power of multiplex sibships greatly only when penetrance is high. It was found that the 2/N weighting proposed by Suarez and Hodge [1979] increased power over an unweighted analysis in many situations, provided significance levels were adjusted appropriately by simulation. Genet. Epidemiol. 20:44–56, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Establishment in China: Stages of Invasion and Potential Future Distribution

Abstract Codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) is an internal feeding pest of apples and can cause substantial economic losses to fruit growers due to larval feeding which in turn degrades fruit quality and can result in complete crop loss if left uncontrolled. Although this pest originally developed in central Asia, it was not known to occur in China until 1953. For the first three decades the spread of codling moth within China was slow. Within the last three decades, addition of new commercial apple orchards and improved transportation, this pest has spread to over 131 counties in seven provinces in China. We developed regional (China) and global ecological niche models using MaxEnt to identify areas at highest potential risk of codling moth establishment and spread. Our objectives were to 1) predict the potential distribution of codling moth in China, 2) identify the important environmental factors associated with codling moth distribution in China, and 3) identify the different stages of invasion of codling moth in China. Human footprint, annual temperature range, precipitation of wettest quarter, and degree days ≥10 °C were the most important predictors associated with codling moth distribution. Our analysis identified areas where codling moth has the potential to establish, and mapped the different stages of invasion (i.e., potential for population stabilization, colonization, adaptation, and sink) of codling moth in China. Our results can be used in effective monitoring and management to stem the spread of codling moth in China.
Mixed Depression in Bipolar Disorder: Prevalence Rate and Clinical Correlates During Naturalistic Follow-Up in the Stanley Bipolar Network.

OBJECTIVE DSM-5 introduced the "with mixed features" specifier for major depressive episodes. The authors assessed the prevalence and phenomenology of mixed depression among bipolar disorder patients and qualitatively compared a range of diagnostic thresholds for mixed depression. METHOD In a naturalistic study, 907 adult outpatients with bipolar disorder participating in the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network were followed longitudinally across 14,310 visits from 1995 to 2002. The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician-Rated Version (IDS-C) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were administered at each visit. RESULTS Mixed depression, defined as an IDS-C score ≥15 and a YMRS score >2 and <12 at the same visit, was observed in 2,139 visits (14.9% of total visits, and 43.5% of visits with depression) by 584 patients (64.4% of all patients). Women were significantly more likely than men to experience subthreshold hypomania during visits with depression (40.7% compared with 34.4%). Patients with one or more mixed depression visits had more symptomatic visits and fewer euthymic visits compared with those with no mixed depression visits. DSM-5-based definitions of mixed depression (ranging from narrower definitions requiring ≥3 nonoverlapping YMRS items concurrent with an IDS-C score ≥15, to broader definitions requiring ≥2 nonoverlapping YMRS items) yielded lower mixed depression prevalence rates (6.3% and 10.8% of visits, respectively) but were found to have similar relationships to gender and longitudinal symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Among outpatients with bipolar disorder, concurrent hypomanic symptoms observed during visits with depression were common, particularly in women. The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for depression with mixed features may yield inadequate sensitivity to detect patients with mixed depression.
Elevated hydroperoxide levels and antioxidant patterns in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome.

BACKGROUND Since it has been found that reactive oxygen species seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of both periodontitis and hyperkeratotic syndromes, we studied a group of patients belonging to 3 generations of a family with different degrees of severity of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) to ascertain whether altered concentrations of the most important hydrophobic and hydrophilic plasma antioxidants as well as products of oxidative damage are present in PLS. METHODS Coenzyme Q (CoQ), vitamin E, glutathione (GSH), and uric acid were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (supplied with electrochemical detector) techniques and hydroperoxides by a spectrophotometric method. RESULTS GSH and uric acid were in the range of reference values; CoQ was very low in both the child of the third generation and his mother, and these 2 subjects had the highest hydroperoxide levels. The child also had extremely low values of vitamin E. In general, all family members showed abnormally high hydroperoxide levels, with the exception of those members who are phenotypically healthy. CONCLUSIONS Since the subjects with the lowest hydroperoxide contents are phenotypically healthy, whereas the affected individuals presented lower antioxidant levels and very high hydroperoxide concentrations, it has been suggested that a specific antioxidant therapy could be a promising approach in treating some PLS subjects. Moreover, unexpected manifestations of heterozygosity in the child of the third generation were also detected.