Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring Explicit and Implicit Knowledge: A Psychometric Study in SLA

Lack of valid means of measuring explicit and implicit knowledge in acquisition of second language is a concern issue in investigations of explicit and implicit learning. This paper endeavors to validate the use of four tests (i.e., Untimed Judgment Grammatical Test, UJGT; Test of Metalinguistic Knowledge, TMK; Elicited Oral Imitation Test, EOIT; and Time pressured Judgment Grammatical Test, TJGT) from a set of instruments introduced by Ellis (2005) to measure explicit and implicit knowledge of ESL learners. The result of Principal Component Analysis shows the UJGT and TMK loaded on the first factor (i.e., explicit knowledge) and the EOIT and TJGT loaded on the second factor (i.e., implicit knowledge) when a two factor solution was imposed. The study also shows that second language students respond in a different way to ungrammatical and grammatical sentences in the UJGT. Hence, Pearson Product Moment Coefficient tests have been conducted amid the ungrammatical and grammatical sentences in the UJGT and other instruments. The outcome suggests that in the case of UJGT ungrammatical sentences would provide a superior measurement of explicit knowledge.
A method for estimating the origin time of an ensuing mainshock by observations of preshock crustal seismic deformation

Observations on accelerating crustal deformation due to the generation of intermediate magnitude preshocks in the Aegean area are used to propose a method for prediction of the origin time of an ensuing mainshock. The method is based on a precursory seismic excitation that occurs in the preshock region at a time correlated to the origin time of the oncoming mainshock. The uncertainty in this prediction is of the order of ± 1.5 years with relatively high confidence ('90%).
Producer profiles, production characteristics and mastitis control applications at dairy herds in Konya, Burdur and Kırklareli provinces, Turkey

Turkiye’deki sut sigirciligi isletmelerinde, uretim yapisi, hijyen uygulamalari ve mastitis kontrol faaliyetlerini incelemek amaciyla, Temmuz 2004 tarihinde Burdur, Kirklareli ve Konya illerinde Damizlik Sigir Yetistiriciligi Merkez Birligi’ne bagli 91 adet sut sigirciligi isletmesine anket uygulanmistir. Anket calismasinda, isletme sahiplerinin % 21’inin lise ve uzeri bir egitime sahip oldugu, % 79’unun sut sigirciligi ile ilgili herhangi bir egitim almadigi, % 46’sinin hicbir sekilde yenilikleri takip etmedikleri, %93-97’inin isletmeleri acisindan en onemli problem olarak dusunulen subklinik mastitis ve somatik hucre sayisi, % 76’sinin ise isletmelerinin gelecegi acisindan onemli bir tehdit ve/veya firsat olabilecek “Avrupa Birligi Sut Hijyen Yonetmeligi” hakkinda bilgi sahibi olmadiklari belirlenmistir. Ankete katilan ureticilerin %13’u meme temizliginde su ile birlikte antiseptik de kullandigini ve memeleri yikayan ureticilerin %37’si yikamadan sonra memeyi kuruladigini beyan etmistir. Sagim sonrasi teat-dip, kuru donem sagitim, mastitis asisi, Kaliforniya Mastitis Testi uygulayan ve klinik mastitis vakalarini duzenli olarak kaydeden uretici oranlari sirasiyla %18, %62, %29, %15 ve %20 olarak tespit edilmistir. Arastirma sonuclari, ureticilerin genelde iyi bilinen mastitis tedavi ve kontrol tekniklerini uyguladiklari halde, hastaliktan korunmaya yonelik hijyen ve hastalik takibi konularinda yetersiz olduklarini gostermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular iller ve isletme olcekleri acisindan farklilik gostermesine ragmen, bu farkliliklar istatistiki acidan degerlendirildiginde genelde iller arasinda onemli, isletme olcekleri arasinda ise onemsiz olarak tespit edilmistir. Soz konusu problemlerin ureticilerin resmi ve sut sigirciligina iliskin teknik egitim yetersizliginden kaynaklandigi dusunulmektedir. Bu durum sektorun AB’ne entegrasyonda ureticilerin formal egitim ve teknik bilgi seviyelerinde saglanacak olumlu gelismelerin, en az isletme olceklerinin buyutulmesi cabalari kadar onemli oldugunu gostermektedir
Effects of postdeposition annealing on the dielectric properties of antiferroelectric lanthanum-doped lead zirconate stannate titanate thin films derived from pulsed laser deposition

Lanthanum-doped lead zirconate stannate titanate antiferroelectric thin films were deposited onto Pt-buffered silicon substrates using the pulsed laser deposition method. The deposition temperature was 570°C. The postdeposition annealing process was carried out in an oxygen-flow tube furnace at temperatures ranging from 650 to 800°C for a duration of 30min; its effects were studied through the variations of the microstructure as well as the electrical and dielectric properties. It was found that an appropriate annealing process at temperatures above 700°Ccould substantially improve the dielectric properties. However, annealing beyond 800°C caused the film properties to deteriorate severely. Explanations were given with regard to the microstructure-property relationship.
Effect of monthly precipitation on the radial growth of Pseudotsuga menziesii in northern Mexico

In the context of global climate change, water availability is an essential factor for geographical distribution and abundance of plant species. Pseudotsuga menziesii has been reported as a highly sensitive species to climatic variation and is regarded as a genetic resource of invaluable importance. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the specific effect of precipitation on radial growth throughout year for this species. From historical climate records and tree ring cores collected in Mexican northern forests, growth was correlated with monthly precipitation by standard statistical techniques. Results showed that P. menziesii was more susceptible to winter precipitation prior to the growing season. Low precipitation in winter makes the survival of these individuals vulnerable. In light of our results, direct implications for management strategies of P. menziesi , are discussed.
Sonic Microinteraction in “the Air”

This chapter looks at the ways in which micromotion, the smallest controllable and perceivable human body motion, can be used in interactive sound systems. It presents a general taxonomy, followed by examples of how sonic microinteraction was designed and rehearsed in the scientific-artistic project Sverm. Here, the focus was on micromotion and microaction performed in “the air,” but the concepts developed by the project can also be transferred to other types of microinteraction.
Climate change perception and adaptation strategy associated with farming techniques in Tamou district wester Niger farmers

The variability of climate parameters in most of agricultural areas in Niger represents a major risk for farmers. This work is aimed at analyzing farmer’s perception and adaptation to climate change parameters in Tamou district. The study was conducted on seventy three (73) millet farmers from seven villages in Tamou, namely Allambare, Bani Guiti, Guieme, Tollondi , Moli Haoussa and Welgorou. The sample was random and tables were built from the results of a brief survey of millet farmers. The results obtained showed that farmers appreciate changes in climae parameters through rainfall (92.6%) while 7.4% do not perceive this parameter as factor, wind (88.9%), and temperature (85.2%). The adaptations techniques include organic and mineral fertilizers (87%) adjustment of farming to rainfall calendar (96%), using improved seeds varieties (75%), crop diversification (49%), water and soil preservation techniques (34%) and rural migration (3.8%). These adaptations are identified in the rural community of Tamou by several factors: degree of experience importance in terms of agricultural practices, the supervision of extension agents, the number of workers per household, the property rights and a good annual income. These adaptations and determining factors must be taken into account by all stakeholders in decision making in Niger's agricultural policy to guarantee food securityfarmers. Key words: Millet, farmers, climate parameters, perception, adaptation, Tamou.
Electron spin resonance signal of nanocomposite of conducting polypyrrole with inorganic clay

The sharp and broad electron spin resonance (ESR) signals from nanocomposites of conducting polypyrrole (PPy) with inorganic Na+-montmorillonite (MMT) clay were simultaneously observed. The decomposed linewidths (ΔHP-P) of the sharp and broad ESR peaks of the nanocomposites at room temperature were 0.44 G and 21 G, respectively. However, we observed one broad ΔHP-P(∼12 G) for the conducting PPy without the Na+–MMT clay. From the analyses of the observed ESR signals, we propose that the narrow ΔHP-P originates from the weak spin–orbit interaction of the intercalated nanolayers of the nanocomposites, while the broad ΔHP-P originates from the bulky conducting PPy on the outside of the clay particles. The thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimeter results showed that intercalation in the nanocomposites induced the thermal stability. Coulomb interactions between the positively charged polymers of the intercalated nanolayers and the negatively charged surface of the clay play an important role in t.
Targeting β-catenin and cytochrome p450 (1B1) by Ellagic Acid in Colon Cancer Cell Lines: Implications for Treatment Applications

The knowledge is growing to address ellagic acid (EA) as a promising anti-cancer agent in colon, as well as, other types of human cancers. Up-regulation of β-catenin in colon cancer supports tumorigenic pathways in numerous aspects, which makes the need pressing to target this pathway. Likewise, cytochrome p450 (1B1) sustains carcinogenicity and tumor growth by either; activation of pro-carcinogens, or by inactivation of chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore overexpression of the enzyme has been reported in colon and other types of cancers. The effect of ellagic acid treatment on the level of total and phospho-β-catenin and cytochrome p450 (1B1) was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in CaCo-2 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells. The influence of ellagic acid on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression was assessed using the CCK-8 kit and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Results revealed that ellagic acid exhibited an anti-proliferative potential in both cell types, which was associated with increasing number of sub-G1 (apoptotic) cells and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase in ellagic acid-treated cells. This was in harmony with the ability of the drug to increase β-catenin phosphorylation (hence its degradation) and reduce cytochrome 1B1 levels in CaCo-2 and HCT-116 cell lines. These results altogether indicate that different cellular genetics (Ras oncogene and p53 status, in particular) had no impact on the anti-tumor effects of ellagic acid in this model
Assessment of Recycled Aggregate Concrete

Used of recycled aggregate (RA) in concrete can be described in environmental protection and economical terms. The application of recycled aggregate to use in construction activities have been practice by developed European countries and also of some Asian countries. This paper reports the results of an experimental study on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) as compared to natural aggregate concrete (NAC). The effects of size of RA on compressive strength were discussed in this paper. The 100% of RA used in concrete mix to replace the natural coarse aggregate in concrete with 100 x 100 x 100 cube mm were cast with target compressive strength is 25 MPa. The 28-day compressive strength was crushed at 3, 14, 28 days are reported. It was found the size of 10mm and 14 mm of RA in RAC is quite similar performance with 10mm and 14mm size of natural aggregate (NA) in natural aggregate concrete (NAC).
Assessment of Ki67 As a Prognostic Marker in Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study on An Indian Cohort

The prognostic utility of the proliferation marker Ki67 to decide breast cancer treatment has been widely investigated and continues to be a source of much controversy. In this study, we evaluated: i) the role of Ki67 as a prognostic and predictive tool in patients with hormone receptor positive (ER+/PR+) carcinoma of the breast and ii) analyzed its correlation with two commonly used clinicopathological parameters, viz node status and tumor grade to predict clinical outcomes. To determine the clinical utility of Ki67 in assessment of breast cancer prognosis, we examined its expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a series of 160 hormone receptor positive patients in a retrospective cohort of Indian patients. Patients were stratified based on Ki67 expression and analyzed for 5-year distant metastasis free survival (DMFS). Amongst the baseline clinicopathologic variables, we found node status, tumor grade, and age correlated significantly with outcome. However no significant correlation was found between Ki67 based risk stratification and patient outcome. Interestingly, increased Ki67 expression was found to correlate significantly with higher tumor grade but not with worse DMFS. In our study, conducted in an Indian cohort comprising 160 patients, Ki67 was not found to be significantly prognostic or predictive in patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancer.
Energy Efficiency, Utilization of Renewable Energies, and Carbon Dioxide Emission: Case Study of G20 Countries

Greenhouse gas emissions highly contribute to the climate change, in which the world pays big concern. The world’s 20 largest economies, the G20, supports around 86% of world GDP, 80% of total world trade and two-thirds of the world population, which make it contribute to 85% of the world’s energy-related emissions. This high emission level makes the G20 in need to implement a set of policies on energy efficiency and develop the implementation of friendly-renewable energy. This study analyzes the effects of energy efficiency and utilization of renewable energy on CO 2 emissions in the G20 countries, by applying the panel fixed effect model approach of data from 2000 to 2013. The result shows that energy efficiency and renewable energy affect negatively on CO 2 emissions. Implementing renewable energy has a greater effect on reducing CO 2 emissions than applying energy efficiency. The result also shows that population and per capita income affect positively on CO 2 emissions.
Global riverine N and P transport to ocean increased during the 20th century despite increased retention along the aquatic continuum

Abstract. Various human activities – including agriculture, water consumption, river damming, and aquaculture – have intensified over the last century. This has had a major impact on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling in global continental waters. In this study, we use a coupled nutrient-input–hydrology–in-stream nutrient retention model to quantitatively track the changes in the global freshwater N and P cycles over the 20th century. Our results suggest that, during this period, the global nutrient delivery to streams increased from 34 to 64 Tg N yr−1 and from 5 to 9 Tg P yr−1. Furthermore, in-stream retention and removal grew from 14 to 27 Tg N yr−1 and 3 to 5 Tg P yr−1. One of the major causes of increased retention is the growing number of reservoirs, which now account for 24 and 22 % of global N and P retention/removal in freshwater systems, respectively. This increase in nutrient retention could not balance the increase in nutrient delivery to rivers with the consequence that river nutrient transport to the ocean increased from 19 to 37 Tg N yr−1 and from 2 to 4 Tg P yr−1. Human activities have also led to a global increase in the molar N : P ratio in freshwater bodies.
The role of snow in the thickening processes of lake ice at Lake Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract To clarify the properties of lake ice at mid-latitudes subject to moderate air temperature, heavy snow and abundant solar radiation even in winter, we conducted field observations at Lake Abashiri in Japan for three winters and developed a one-dimensional (1-D) thermo-dynamical ice growth model. Using this model with meteorological data-sets, we examined the role of snow in the ice thickening process, as well as the Lake Abashiri ice phenology (including the interannual trend) for the past 55 years to compare with high latitude lakes. The ice was composed of two distinct layers: a snow ice (SI) layer and a congelation ice layer. The SI layer occupied a much greater fraction of total ice thickness than that at high latitude lakes. In-situ observations served to demonstrate the validity of the model. Freeze-up and break-up dates supplied by satellite imagery enabled further model validation prior to the availability of field data (2000/01–2015/16). Based on both observations and numerical experiments, it was found that one important role of snow is to moderate the variability of ice thickness caused by changes in meteorological conditions. Furthermore, ice thickness is more sensitive to snow depth than air temperature. When applied to an extended 55-year period (1961/62–2015/16) for which local meteorological observations are available, the mean dates of freeze-up and break-up, ice cover duration and ice thickness in February were estimated to be 12 December (no significant trend), 17 April (−1.7 d/decade), 127 d (−2.4 d/decade) and 43 cm (−1.4 cm/decade). For this long-term period, while snow still played an important role in ice growth, the surface air temperature warming trend was found to be a strong factor influencing ice growth, as reported for the high latitude lakes.
Dignity and respect for nurses with different levels of experience from physicians, colleagues, patients and their family members

Background and Purpose: Experience and clinical competence are the important factors affecting the level of dignity and respect for nurses. This study aimed to evaluate the observance rate of respect for nurses from physicians, colleagues, patients and their family members. Methods: This study was conducted on 200 nurses selected by census sampling from hospitals of Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran in 2014. Data collection was performed using self-report questionnaires with 15 questions on different variables, such as respect, communication, capability and independence. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires was determined by subjects and expert comments, and using Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r=0.80). Data analysis was performed using SPSS V.20. Results:Significant differences were observed between the viewpoints of experienced and inexperienced nurses regarding independence, self-confidence for consultation with physicians (P<0.04), communication with physicians (P<0.03), capability and sufficient skills (P<0.04), respect by physicians (P<0.04), and physicians’ and colleagues’ trust (P<0.001, P<0.003) in their capabilities. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the comparison of the observance rate for dignity from patients and their family members in the viewpoint of the subjects. Conclusion: The highest levels of violation to the dignity of nurses came from physicians, while the lowest level was from patients and their family members. This study could be used for the promotion of dignity and respect among the nursing community.
Prognostic and Diagnostic Value of Clinical Examination and fMRI in theEvaluation of Patients in a Vegetative State

Introduction: Primary focus of research in psychology, neuropsychology and neuroscience within the past few decades understands what consciousness means biologically and psychologically for information present in it that is on determining the neural and psychological correlates of consciousness. This retrospective study evaluated the correlation between clinical examination and neuroradiological imaging in patients with disorder of consciousness (DOC), for predicting the likely outcome of one's current standing. Materials and methods: Six patients (4 men and 2 female) suffered of DOC post-coma, outcome of severe acquired brain injuries were examined in acute phase with brain (scan) CAT (computerized axial tomography) and/ or fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging). After, they were evaluated with electroencephalogram and fMRI. Repeated clinical assessments were conducted with neurological examination and rating scales such as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Disability Rating Scale (DRS) at the beginning (T1), middle (T2) and end (T3) of hospitalization. 2/6 patients died. Discussion: Clinical evaluation performed with rating scales of consciousness and disability degree, showed in all patients an increase of absolute value of GCS and a reduction of DRS. We obtained most interesting observations concerning the relationship between the prognosis and patient characteristics with functional MRI. Conclusion: Although the few numbers of patients and the limits of methodological problems, our study, in accordance with previous evidence from the literature, may confirm the central role of nature of brain injuries as the prediction marker for the and fMRI direct visualization of the areas of cortical activation.
Perceived Needs and Barriers to Adult Pneumococcal Vaccination Among Primary Care Providers

Background: Dissemination of needs assessment findings advances the evidence base that informs educational research and practices. This needs assessment study explored perceptions and factors influencing clinicians’ behavior around pneumococcal vaccination. Methods: This study utilized interviews with 32 primary care physicians (PCPs) and other clinicians, and an online survey answered by 97 PCPs, and 54 physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs). Data collection focused on competencies, current practice, and barriers to improvement relative to adult pneumococcal vaccination. Qualitative analysis of the interview notes was followed by statistical analysis of survey responses, including PCPs versus PAs/NPs comparisons. The study was conducted in July 1, 2011 through January 31, 2012. Results: Reported challenges included unfamiliarity with guidelines, providing vaccine during acute care visits, lack of reliable vaccination records, limitations of electronic medical records, and patient resistance. Analysis of competencies indicated multiple gaps, with the greatest gaps for implementing systems to remind about vaccinations, documenting vaccination plans, and using immunization registries. No significant differences were found between PCPs and PAs/NPs. Conclusion: Continuing education and healthcare system changes are needed to improve pneumococcal disease prevention in primary care.