Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physics of Cathode Phenomena in a Vacuum Arc With Respect to a Plasma Thruster Application

The local cathode heating, vaporization, electron emission, cathode sheath, and so on were considered taking into account the kinetics of mass flow at the vaporized cathode surface. A self-consistent model was developed and simulation was conducted for given spot current I to obtain the cathode erosion rate G and jet velocity V determined the force on the cathode. The time-dependent cathode and plasma characteristics were calculated for Cu, Ag, Al, and W cathodes. The primary plasma needed to initiate the spot was taken into account. Various primary plasma parameters were defined by different spot ignition time τ at which then the spot can be developed. The model shows that the time-dependent range of G agrees well with the measured data and the jet velocity V calculated from the experimental data of cathode force also close to that velocity obtained experimentally in a literature. The trust performance was obtained larger for W cathode than that for Cu and Ag cathodes and this and other results were discussed.
[Relationship between p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and cervical carcinoma in Uigur and Han women in Xinjiang].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and cervical carcinomas HPV-associated cervical carcinoma in Uigur and Han women. METHODS The distribution and frequencies of p53 Arg72Pro genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP in 152 cases of cervical carcinoma in ethnic Uigur women with 110 cases of normal control and 120 cases of cervical carcinoma in Han women with 122 cases of normal control. RESULTS The omni-constituent ratio of p53 genotype was statistically different between cervical carcinoma and normal control groups in the Uigur (chi(2) = 7.196, P < 0.05) group. The proportion of Arg/Arg was higher in cervical carcinomas than that in control. The omni-constituent ratio of p53 genotype was statistically different between cervical carcinoma and normal control groups in Han (chi(2) = 8.231, P < 0.025). The proportion of Pro/Pro was higher in cervical carcinoma than that in normal control. The omni-constituent ratio was statistically different between HPV 16 positive and negative groups of cervical carcinoma in the Uigur group (chi(2) = 7.177, P < 0.05). The proportion of Arg/Arg was higher in HPV 16 positive group than that in HPV 16 negative group. CONCLUSIONS p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism may be associated with the development of cervical carcinoma in Uigur and Han women in Xinjiang. p53 Arg/Arg genotype may be a genetically susceptible factor to HPV-associated cervical carcinoma in Uigur. p53 Pro/Pro genotype may be a genetically susceptible factor to cervical carcinoma in Han. There may be different susceptibilities to cervical cancer between Uigur and Han women in Xinjiang.
rom porcelain-fused-to-metal to zirconia : Clinical and xperimental considerations

Objective. The interest of dental research in metal-free restorations has been rising in the last 20 years following the introduction of innovative all-ceramic materials in the daily practice. In particular, high strength ceramics and related CAD/CAM techniques have widely increased the clinical indications of metal-free prostheses, showing more favourable mechanical characteristics compared to the early ceramic materials. The purpose of the present paper is providing a brief review on the all-ceramic dental materials, evaluating pros and cons in the light of the most recent scientific results and of the authors’ clinical experience. Materials. A structured review of the literature was given on the basis of medical and engineering papers published in the last decades on the use of dental ceramics and zirconia in particular. The experimental and clinical findings of the most relevant researches were
Motility of rhG‐CSF‐induced neutrophils in patients undergoing chemotherapy: evidence for inhibition detected by image analysis

The motility of circulating neutrophils from seven patients affected by intermediate and high‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was investigated before and after rhG‐CSF administration (5μg/kg/d for 5 d subcutaneously) in the course of chemotherapy. Random motility and bacterial lipopolysaccharide‐induced chemotaxis were studied by the micropore filter technique in a Boyden chamber. These functions were evaluated by a very sensitive technique, based on a computer‐assisted image processing system, capable of giving several parameters about the kinetics of cell migration. Along with a significant increase in neutrophil number, a significant decrease both in random and stimulated motility was found. The kinetics of cell migration showed that the cells maintained the typical gaussian pattern of random motility. On the contrary, neutrophils were found to have lost the typical stimulated migration peak. These findings are consistent with a rhG‐CSF‐induced impairment of the directional movement, rather than of the ability of moving at random. These effects were found in patients who, in the same experimental conditions, had displayed an enhanced phagocytosis and phagocytosis‐associated chemiluminescence along with an enhanced CD32 expression, not due to an aspecific cell manipulation. Two hypotheses may be taken into account: (i) an increased adhesiveness due to a direct or an indirect activity of the cytokine; (ii) an abnormality in the cytoskeleton maturation and/or rearrangement during the accelerated bone marrow transit of myeloid cells. These findings emphasize that rh‐GCSF administration can modulate several functions which play an important role in host defence, and suggest the utility of carrying out further studies to investigate the optimum dosage both to correct neutrophil number and preserve neutrophil functional activities.
Cytokine networks and their association with Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric carcinoma

Cytokine networks as dynamic networks are pivotal aspects of tumor immunology, especially in gastric cancer (GC), in which infection, inflammation, and antitumor immunity are key elements of disease progression. In this review, we describe functional roles of well‐known GC‐modulatory cytokines, highlight the functions of cytokines with more recently described roles in GC, and emphasize the therapeutic potential of targeting the complex cytokine milieu. We also focus on the role of Helicobacter pylori (HP)‐induced inflammation in GC and discuss how HP‐induced chronic inflammation can lead to the induction of stem cell hyperplasia, morphological changes in gastric mucosa and GC development.
Oligonucleotide microarray analysis of ameloblastoma compared with dentigerous cyst.

BACKGROUND Ameloblastoma is a benign, but locally invasive tumor known for its high rate of recurrence. However, few comprehensive genetic studies have been conducted about its tumorigenesis. Our aim was to identify possible genes involved in the development and progression of ameloblastoma, using microarray analysis with dentigerous cyst as a control. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from two fresh dentigerous cysts and ameloblastoma specimens. Following microarray analysis, semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed on selected genes. RESULTS Seventy-three genes were overexpressed and 49 were underexpressed. These genes were divided into categories according to function. The microarray results for 13 selected genes were verified with semiquantitative RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS We identified important genes related to the development and progression of ameloblastoma through a large-scale gene expression analysis. This study will stimulate further investigations on genes significant for early diagnosis and prognosis of ameloblastoma.
Metabolism of the calmodulin antagonist DY-9760e in animals and humans

The in vitro metabolism of the calmodulin antagonist DY-9760e was investigated using liver microsomes from humans and three other animal species and compared with the in vivo metabolism in rats after intravenous administration of DY-9760e. Seven major metabolites were produced by human liver microsomes by the following metabolic pathways: N-dealkylation, phenyl hydroxylation, O-demethylation and imidazole oxidation. These metabolites were also produced by liver microsomes from monkeys, dogs and rats; additionally, a hydroxylated derivative of the indazole moiety was produced only by rat microsomes. To identify the structures of two imidazole ring metabolites whose authentic compounds could not be obtained, Escherichia coli co-expressing human cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 and NADPH-P450 reductase was used to biosynthesize these metabolites. NMR spectra elucidated the precise structures; oxidation occurred at the imidazole ring, and the subsequent ring-opening resulted in the generation of amide and formylamine groups. Glucuronide conjugates of the hydroxylated and O-demethylated derivatives were major components in rat bile. Therefore, DY-9760e metabolites generated in vitro correspond to the aglycones of the major metabolites observed in rat bile.
The Rice Receptor-Like Kinases DWARF AND RUNTISH SPIKELET1 and 2 Repress Cell Death and Affect Sugar Utilization during Reproductive Development

The receptor-like kinases DRUS1 and 2 mediate a fundamental signaling process essential for cell survival during rice reproductive stages, distinct from other CrRLK1L receptor-like kinases. Cell-to-cell communication precisely controls the creation of new organs during reproductive growth. However, the sensor molecules that mediate developmental signals in monocot plants are poorly understood. Here, we report that DWARF AND RUNTISH SPIKELET1 (DRUS1) and DRUS2, two closely related receptor-like kinases (RLKs), redundantly control reproductive growth and development in rice (Oryza sativa). A drus1-1 drus2 double knockout mutant, but not either single mutant, showed extreme dwarfism and barren inflorescences that harbored sterile spikelets. The gibberellin pathway was not impaired in this mutant. A phenotypic comparison of mutants expressing different amounts of DRUS1 and 2 revealed that reproductive growth requires a threshold level of DRUS1/2 proteins. DRUS1 and 2 maintain cell viability by repressing protease-mediated cell degradation and likely by affecting sugar utilization or conversion. In the later stages of anther development, survival of the endothecium requires DRUS1/2, which may stimulate expression of the UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene UGP2 and starch biosynthesis in pollen. Unlike their Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog FERONIA, DRUS1 and 2 mediate a fundamental signaling process that is essential for cell survival and represents a novel biological function for the CrRLK1L RLK subfamily.
Assessment and treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents

Feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) are serious mental health disorders that cause impairments in physical health, development, cognition and psychosocial function and can go undetected for months or years. They are characterised by disturbed eating behaviour associated with concerns about weight and shape or by disinterest in food, phobic avoidance or avoidance due to sensory aspects of food. Restrictive forms of FEDs lead to significant weight loss requiring intervention. Without specific knowledge of these conditions, they can evade detection, delaying time to diagnosis and treatment and potentially influencing outcome. This review article focuses on the key factors involved in the psychiatric assessment and treatment of four feeding or eating disorders (EDs): anorexia nervosa, avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. They have been chosen for discussion as they are most likely to be encountered in both a psychiatric and paediatric setting. It emphasises the importance of a family-focused, developmentally appropriate and multidisciplinary approach to care. It does not address aspects of medical assessment and treatment. Other feeding or EDs not included in this article are pica, rumination disorder, other specified feeding and eating disorder and unspecified feeding and eating disorder.
Immunity to Haemophilus influenzae type B: the nature of the bactericidal antibody in human blood.

Summary It has been suggested that the bactericidal antibody associated with immunity to acute primary Haemophilus influenzae infections is that produced against the capsular antigen of H. influenzae type b. In a previous study, however, the bactericidal and the type-b capsular antibodies were found to have different age-distributions. In the present studies the age-distributions of children with bactericidal antibody and of those with agglutinins against non-capsulated strains were found to be similar. Furthermore, it was possible to absorb type-b bactericidins from rabbit antisera with non-capsulated strains without removing the type-b capsular antibody. These findings, together with other evidence in the literature, suggest that the antigen responsible for the production of the bactericidal antibody is somatic and is possessed by non-capsulated strains, although attempts to produce type-b bactericidins in rabbits immunised with these non-capsulated strains were unsuccessful.
Summary and highlights from the International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections Congress 2014, Malta

P52. 2. Arrey A, Deschepper R, Lacor P, et al. ‘‘People don’t know I’m HIV positive. I distance myself from them’’ Self-Stigma among Sub-Saharan African migrant women with HIV/AIDS in Belgium. IUSTI, Malta 2014. Poster Abstract P85. 3. Abdullah ASM, Ebrahim SH, Fielding R, et al. SexuallyP85. 3. Abdullah ASM, Ebrahim SH, Fielding R, et al. Sexually transmitted infections in travellers: implications for prevention and control. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 533–538. 4. Matteelli A, Schlagenhauf P, Carvalho AC, et al. Travelassociated sexually transmitted infections: an observational cross-sectional study of the GeoSentinel surveillance database. Lancet Infect Dis 2013; 13: 205–213. 5. Whelan J, Belderok S, van den Hoek A, et al. Unprotected causal sex equally common with local and Western partners among long-term Dutch travellers to (sub)tropical countries. Sex Transmitted Dis 2013; 40: 797–800. 6. Qvarnström A and Oscarsson M, HIV/STI prevention among young adults. A qualitative study on experiences of prevention efforts prior to travelling abroad. IUSTI, Malta 2014. Poster Abstract P89. 7. Qvarnström A and Oscarsson M, An internet based survey on how Swedish me who have sex with men perceive pre-travel prevention efforts on HIV/STIs. IUSTI, Malta 2014. Poster Abstract P90. 8. Lewis N, Dube G, Carter C, et al. Chlamydia and gonorrhoea contamination of clinic surfaces. Sex Transmitted Infect 2012; 88: 418–421. 9. Andersson P, Tong SYC, Lilliebridgr RA, et al. Multisite determination of the potential for environmental contamination of urine samples used for diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections. IUSTI, Malta 2014. Oral Abstract O11. 10. Hocking J, Guy R, Walker J, et al. Advances in sampling and screening for Chlamydia. Future Microbiol 2013; 8: 367–386. 11. Adams E, Ehrilch A, Turner K, et al. Mapping patient pathways and estimating resource use of point of care versus standard testing and treatment of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in genitourinary medicine clinics in the UK. BMJ Open 2014; 4: 1–6. 12. Hislop J, Quayyum Z, Flett G, et al. Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of rapid point-of-care tests for the detection of genital chlamydia infection in women and men. Health Technol Assess 2010; 14: 1–97. 13. Cooper F, Appleby T, Chislett L, et al. ‘‘Innovative, rapid and effective: asymptomatic screening in 2014’. IUSTI, Malta 2014. Oral Abstract O4. Dyke et al. 217
Microcirculatory Function and Tissue Damage Is Improved After Therapeutic Injection of Bovine Hemoglobin in Severe Acute Rodent Pancreatitis

Objectives: Stasis of the pancreatic microcirculation initiates and aggravates acute pancreatitis. Bovine hemoglobin has been shown to improve microcirculation in acute pancreatitis if prophylactically infused 15 minutes after initiation of acute pancreatitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of bovine hemoglobin on pancreatic microcirculation and tissue damage later in the course of experimental acute rodent pancreatitis. Methods: In Wistar rats, severe acute pancreatitis was induced by administration of glyco-deoxycholic-acid intraductally and cerulein intravenously. Pancreatic microcirculation was continuously monitored by intravital microscopy. Three hours after the initiation of acute pancreatitis, animals received either 0.8 mL bovine hemoglobin (Oxyglobin), hydroxyethyl starch (HES), or 2.4 mL 0.9% NaCl intravenously at random. After 6 hours, animals were killed, and histopathological damage of the pancreas was assessed using a validated histology score. Results: Pancreatic microcirculation assessed by leukocyte adherence was significantly improved by the administration of bovine hemoglobin in comparison with normal saline over time (mean difference, 51.6 ± 9.2; P < 0.001) and HES (mean difference, 24.1 ± 9.2; P = 0.037). This result was paralleled by decreased tissue damage in the bovine hemoglobin group as opposed to NaCl (6.75 vs. 12; range, 5.25-7.75 vs. 8.25-14; P < 0.001) and HES (6.75 vs. 9; range, 5.25-7.75 vs. 7.5-10.75; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Therapeutic intravenous infusion of bovine hemoglobin improves pancreatic microcirculation and reduces pancreatic tissue damage in severe acute rodent pancreatitis but is not as effective as early (prophylactic) administration.
Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model

Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model helps understanding the drivers of acceptance of new information technologies by its users. The model theorizes that four constructs play a significant role as direct determinants of user acceptance and usage behaviour: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Even though several researchers discuss the relevance of culture in user acceptance of new technologies, the UTAUT model does not use culture as a direct determinant. This paper argues that culture is a direct determinant of behavioural intention. Three case organizations that are using Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in Sri Lanka have been revealed that “culturally based individual behaviour” also plays a significant role in accepting new information technologies such as ERP systems by users. Therefore, it is proposed to extend the UTAUT model by incorporating culture as the fifth construct of the model.
Establishment of fully xenogeneic (mouse-->rat) bone marrow chimeras: evidence for normal development and clonal deletion of mouse T cells.

BACKGROUND Xenotransplantation is a potential solution to the critical shortage of transplantable organs. However, conventional immunosuppressive agents do not control the vigorous cellular and humoral rejection across species disparities. The induction of donor specific tolerance via bone marrow chimerism may be a method to avoid xenograft rejection. In xenogeneic chimeras, T cell repertoire selection plays an important role in the induction of tolerance. Until now a model of mouse-->rat multilineage chimerism has not been reported. This study reports the establishment of fully xenogeneic mouse-->rat multilineage chimeras and evaluates the role of T cell development and repertoire selection in tolerance induction in a xenogeneic environment. METHODS Recipient rats were irradiated at a dose of total body irradiation ranging between 800-1100 cGy and injected with 120-300x10(6) donor mouse bone marrow cells. Chimeras were typed for engraftment at 4 weeks and then monthly thereafter. T cell repertoire was evaluated in chimeras using two-color flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies directed against the variable portion of the beta chain of the T cell receptor. RESULTS Fully xenogeneic multilineage bone marrow chimerism was produced in a mouse-->rat model by using ablative radiation and a high dose of donor cells. Mouse T cells develop in a phenotypically normal fashion in chimeric rats and the host rat is capable of deleting T cells that are reactive to the donor mouse strain. CONCLUSION Long-term multilineage bone marrow chimerism can be produced in a mouse-->rat bone marrow transplant model. Mouse T cells develop in a phenotypically normal fashion and negative selection of specific T cell receptor-Vbeta occurs in a xenogeneic environment in a predictable fashion paralleling that for syngeneic or allogeneic transplantation.
Different Gi‐coupled chemoattractant receptors signal qualitatively different functions in human neutrophils

fMLP‐ or TNF‐α‐stimulated neutrophils produced H2O2 when they adhered to fibrinogen‐coated surfaces but not when they adhered to collagen I‐, collagen IV‐, or Matrigel‐coated surfaces. In contrast, LTB4‐ or IL‐8‐stimulated neutrophils did not produce H2O2 when they adhered to any of these surfaces. fMLP and TNF‐α were much more potent than LTB4 and IL‐8 in stimulating neutrophils to up‐regulate and to activate their αMβ2 integrins, as measured by the binding of specific monoclonal antibodies. Pretreatment of neutrophils with pertussis toxin completely blocked their production of H2O2 on fibrinogen‐coated surfaces in response to fMLP and their migration through Matrigel in response to fMLP, LTB4, and IL‐8. These data show that although the fMLP, LTB4, and IL‐8 receptors are coupled to pertussis toxin‐sensitive Gα proteins, they signal neutrophils to initiate qualitatively different effector functions. We propose that the qualitative differences in effector functions signaled by different chemoattractants reflect qualitative differences in using G‐protein β and/or γ subunits or other factors by their cognate receptors.
Hazardously Drinking Jailed Women: Post-Release Perceived Needs and Risk of Reincarceration

Women who drink hazardously face a high risk for re-arrest and reincarceration when they return to their communities after a jail stay. This study is the first to examine the associations between women’s own reports of basic needs 1 month after jail release, and reincarceration (defined as spending at least one night in jail) during the next 5 months among unsentenced, female pretrial jail detainees who drink hazardously. Perceived needs for housing (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.63; p < .01), substance treatment services (AOR = 2.65; p < .01), assistance/benefits (AOR = 2.37; p < .05), and mental health counseling (AOR = 2.07; p < .05) at 1 month after jail release were associated with reincarceration during the next 5 months for the 165 hazardously drinking jailed women in this study. These findings demonstrate that self-reported needs during the high-risk period immediately following jail release are associated with heightened odds of reincarceration among hazardously drinking jailed women.