Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three decision-making tasks in cocaine-dependent patients: do they measure the same construct?

AIMS Substance-abusing populations perform poorly on decision-making tasks related to delay and risk. These tasks include: (1) the Delay Discounting Procedure (DDP), in which choices are made between smaller-sooner and later-larger rewards, (2) the Gambling Task (GT), in which choices are made between alternatives varying in pay-off and punishment, and (3) the Rogers Decision-Making Task (RDMT) in which subjects choose between higher or lower probability gambles. We examine the interrelationship among these tasks. DESIGN A test battery was created which included the DDP, GT and RDMT, as well as measures of impulsivity, intellectual functioning and drug use. SETTING Subjects completed the test battery at an outpatient center, prior to beginning 12 weeks of treatment. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-two treatment-seeking cocaine dependent individuals (primarily African-American males) participated. FINDINGS Performance on the GT was significantly correlated with performance on the DDP (r = 0.37; p = 0.04). Reaction times on the RDMT correlated with performance on the GT (r = 0.36, p = 0.04) and DDP (r = 0.33, p = 0.07), but actual choices on the RDMT did not (p > 0.9 for both). While no significant relationships were observed between task performance and impulsivity, IQ estimate was positively correlated with both the GT (r = 0.44, p = 0.01) and RDMT (r = 0.41, p = 0.021). Split half reliability data indicated higher reliability when using only data from the latter half of the GT (r = 0.92 vs. r = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS These data offer preliminary evidence of overlap in the decision-making functioning tapped by these tasks. Possible implications for drug-taking behavior are discussed.
Exertional Headache. I. Vågå Study of Headache Epidemiology

The aim was to assess the prevalence ('life-time') and manifestations of exertional headache and to validate some of the clinical diagnostic criteria. This study is part of the Vågå headache epidemiology study, where 1838 18-65-year-old dalesmen were personally examined in a ‘semistructured’ interview. With the criteria used, the prevalence was 12.3%. There was a slight but significant female preponderance (F/M ratio 1.38). There was a mixture of short- and more long-lasting attacks. Attacks followed long-lasting and strenuous effort/exhaustion. The precipitation mechanisms differed essentially from the cough/sneezing type of provocation. Blinded recheck of records (n = 100) as well as recheck of dalesmen (n = 41) showed high k values. The clinical manifestations differed essentially from Rooke's (1968) description (that mainly dealt with the ‘cough headache’-type). The present findings were similar to those in Pascual's description of exertional headache from 1996.
Preoperative evaluation of laparoscopic living renal donors with computerized tomography and its effect on donor morbidity and graft function.

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of CT angiography (CTA) in evaluating the renovascular anatomy in 50 patients who underwent laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, and to correlate results with donor morbidity and recipient outcome. METHODS Forty-eight patients were evaluated by CTA prior to laparoscopy. Donors with aberrant renovasculature and their respective recipients were divided into: 1) accurate preoperative CTA ("predictive group", PG), 2) inaccurate CTA ("non-predictive group", NPG). Warm ischemia times (WIT), estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time (OT), and the open conversion rate were compared. Recipient creatinine values on post-operative day 1 and 3 months were recorded with the rate of delayed graft function (DGF) and ureteral complication. Statistical significance was calculated using the student's T-test. RESULTS Among patients with aberrant vasculature (48%, 23/48) at laparoscopy, 14 were accurately predicted by CT angiography (11 arterial, 3 venous). NPG consisted of 5 duplicated arteries, 1 early arterial branching, and 3 anomalous veins. CT accuracy was 85%. The sensitivity and specificity of the arterial imaging were 65% and 100% respectively, while those of venous imaging were 50% and 100%. EBL, WIT, OT, number of open conversions, and ureteral complications were statistically insignificant between groups (p= 0.05, 95% C.I.). The mean decreases in creatinine between NPG and PG on post-operative day 1 and at 3 months were 45.4% and 54.8%, and 71.5% and 79.1% respectively, both statistically insignificant. Two of 8 in the NPG experienced DGF as compared to 1/8 in the PG. CONCLUSIONS Despite the lower sensitivity of this study, the discordance between imaging and laparoscopy did not augment donor morbidity or increase adverse recipient outcomes. This may indicate that regardless of the shortcomings of 2-D CTA for living donors, it represents a safe and effective imaging modality when coupled with meticulous laparoscopic dissection and central intraoperative involvement of the transplant surgeon.
DT-CNN: Dilated and Transposed Convolution Neural Network Accelerator for Real-Time Image Segmentation on Mobile Devices

A convolution neural network (CNN) accelerator is proposed for real-time image segmentation on mobile devices. The proposed CNN processor cuts down the redundant zero computations in dilated and transposed convolution for higher throughput. As a result, the overall computations of the image segmentation are reduced by 86.6% and the proposed CNN processor boosts up the throughput 6.7×. Moreover, the proposed processor utilizes RoI (Region of Interest) based image segmentation algorithm to reduce the overall computational requirement significantly. Although RoI based image segmentation degrades the image segmentation accuracy, the proposed dilation rate adjustment compensates for the accuracy degradation and maintains the accuracy of the full-size image segmentation. Finally, the proposed CNN processor is simulated in 65 nm CMOS technology, and it occupies 6.8 mm2. The proposed processor consumes 196 mW and shows 211 frames-per-second (fps) at the image segmentation for human body parts.
Managerial styles of small business owners : a study based on the organizational life cycle and on concepts concerning managers ’ functions and roles

Objective – To identify the managerial styles of small business managers at every stage of the organizational life cycle, considering managers’ work, approaches to process and roles. Methodology – This research was considered of applied nature, of quantitative approach, as descriptive from the point of view of the objectives, and as a survey because of its technical procedures. Seventy companies belonging to the metallurgical-mechanical industry in São Paulo, Brazil, took part in the study. Theoretical framework – It was found that the owner of small businesses change the valuation of the functions and of the roles of the administrator, according the company’s development stage. Three management styles have been identified as the most prominent of small business owner, considering the organizational life cycle. Findings – It was found that the owner of small businesses change the valuation of the functions and of the roles of the administrator, according the company’s development stage. Three management styles have been identified as the most prominent of small business owner, considering the organizational life cycle. contributions – This research presents evidence that there is a relationship between the functions and roles of managers (theorized for large companies) and the work carried out by small business leaders, as well as the feasibility of researching the functions and roles of managers alongside each other, rather than individually, as most other studies do.
Understanding heterogeneity in meta‐analysis: the role of meta‐regression

Background: Meta‐regression has grown in popularity in recent years, paralleling the increasing numbers of systematic reviews and meta‐analysis published in the biomedical literature. However, many clinicians and decision‐makers may be unfamiliar with the underlying principles and assumptions made within meta‐regression leading to incorrect interpretation of their results.
Detection of HIV drug resistance during antiretroviral treatment and clinical progression in a large European cohort study

Objective(s):To investigate the relationship between detection of HIV drug resistance by 2 years from starting antiretroviral therapy and the subsequent risk of progression to AIDS and death. Design:Virological failure was defined as experiencing two consecutive viral loads of more than 400 copies/ml in the time window between 0.5 and 2 years from starting antiretroviral therapy (baseline). Patients were grouped according to evidence of virological failure and whether there was detection of the International AIDS Society resistance mutations to one, two or three drug classes in the time window. Methods:Standard survival analysis using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression model with time-fixed covariates defined at baseline was employed. Results:We studied 8229 patients in EuroSIDA who started antiretroviral therapy and who had at least 2 years of clinical follow-up. We observed 829 AIDS events and 571 deaths during 38 814 person-years of follow-up resulting in an overall incidence of new AIDS and death of 3.6 per 100 person-years of follow-up [95% confidence interval (CI):3.4–3.8]. By 96 months from baseline, the proportion of patients with a new AIDS diagnosis or death was 20.3% (95% CI:17.7–22.9) in patients with no evidence of virological failure and 53% (39.3–66.7) in those with virological failure and mutations to three drug classes (P = 0.0001). An almost two-fold difference in risk was confirmed in the multivariable analysis (adjusted relative hazard = 1.8, 95% CI:1.2–2.7, P = 0.005). Conclusion:Although this study shows an association between the detection of resistance at failure and risk of clinical progression, further research is needed to clarify whether resistance reflects poor adherence or directly increases the risk of clinical events via exhaustion of drug options.
Australian perspectives on surrogacy: the influence of cognitions, psychological and demographic characteristics.

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to explore current Australian support levels for surrogacy treatments and also whether this support differed between traditional surrogacy and gestational surrogacy. The focus was also on understanding the underlying influences on surrogacy attitudes. It was hypothesized that cognitions, psychological and demographic characteristics would all predict attitudes to surrogacy and that cognitive concerns about surrogacy would be the strongest predictor. METHODS Participants (N = 195: 79 male, 116 female; age range 18-76 years) were first-year psychology undergraduates (47%) and friends and associates of the authors (53%). They completed a survey pack which assessed attitudes and knowledge about surrogacy, as well as empathy and other personality characteristics. RESULTS The results indicated that there has been a marked increase in support for surrogacy treatment in recent years, with nearly 80% of participants supporting surrogacy, and that support for gestational surrogacy was greater than that for traditional surrogacy (P< 0.001). As anticipated, cognitive concerns about surrogacy were the strongest predictors of surrogacy attitudes (R(2)= 0.393). CONCLUSIONS A limitation of the present study was the use of a non-representative, self-selected sample that tended to be well educated and perhaps liberal minded. Despite this, given the high levels of support, it could be concluded that the recent, more permissive legislative changes, which were finalized in 2010, are reflective of the values of Australian society.
On-Duty Nonfatal Injury that Lead to Work Absences Among Police Officers and Level of Perceived Stress

Objective: We examined prevalence, frequency, duration, and recency of injury leave and the association of duty-related injury with perceived stress in U.S. police officers. Methods: This cross-sectional study contained 422 active duty police officers from a mid-sized urban police department. For each participating officer, work history records were used to assess on-duty injuries that lead to work absences. Linear regression analyses were used for analyses. Results: Most participants had experienced at least one injury (62%), and among those injured, 67% experienced more than one duty-related injury. The average number of injuries per officer was three (range 1 to 12). There was a significant linear trend in mean perceived stress across injury count even after adjusting for age, rank, and sex (P = 0.025). Conclusion: Findings suggest that work-related injury is common and repeated work-related injuries are psychologically distressing in U.S. police officers.
Incidence of knee dislocation and concomitant vascular injury requiring surgery: A nationwide study

BACKGROUND Acute knee (tibiofemoral joint) dislocation is a serious knee injury, although population-based numbers and incidence rates of knee dislocation with or without concomitant vascular injury are unknown. METHODS The study covered the whole adult population of 4 million persons (aged ≥ 18 years) in Finland during the 11-year period from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2011. Data on hospitalization caused by acute knee dislocations and concomitant vascular injuries requiring operative treatment were obtained from the nationwide National Hospital Discharge Registry. RESULTS During the 14-year study period, a total of 837 patients with knee dislocation diagnosis were hospitalized in Finland. The highest incidence rates in men were in persons aged 18 years to 29 years (incidence, 29 per 1 million person-years in 2011), and the incidence decreased by age, while in women, this incidence was rather similar in all age groups. The most common injury mechanism of knee dislocation was low-energy fall at the same level (46%). The median length of hospital stay was 2 days (range, 1–109 days). In 107 cases (13%), knee dislocation required immediate open (69 cases) or closed (38 cases) reduction in the operating room. Popliteal artery injury requiring acute surgical intervention was found in 13 patients (1.6%), and amputation at the level above the tibiofemoral joint was performed for one patient (0.1%). CONCLUSION This is the first study describing the population-based incidence of acute knee dislocation. Men aged 18 years to 29 years had the highest incidence rates. Half of the injuries were low-energy trauma. Popliteal artery injury requiring surgical intervention was a rare concomitant injury, but when present, the injury required immediate surgical repair to avoid dramatic consequences. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Nationwide epidemiologic study, level I.
Expression of DC-SIGN by Dendritic Cells of Intestinal and Genital Mucosae in Humans and Rhesus Macaques

ABSTRACT To better understand the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission at mucosal surfaces, we examined the expressions of the HIV adhesion molecule, dendritic-cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), its closely related homologue DC-SIGNR, and HIV coreceptors by distinct DC populations in the intestinal and genital tracts of humans and rhesus macaques. We also developed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for DC-SIGN or DC-SIGNR. In the Peyer's patches, DC-SIGN expression was detected in the interfollicular regions and in clusters of cells in the subepithelial dome regions. DC-SIGN expression was not found on plasmacytoid DCs. DC-SIGNR expression was restricted to endothelial cells in approximately one-third of the capillaries in the terminal ileum. In the vaginal epithelium, Langerhans' cells did not express DC-SIGN, whereas subepithelial DCs in the lamina propria expressed moderate levels of DC-SIGN. Finally, the rectum contained cells that expressed high levels of DC-SIGN throughout the entire thickness of the mucosa, while solitary lymphoid nodules within the rectum showed very little staining for DC-SIGN. Triple-color analysis of rectal tissue indicated that CCR5+ CD4+ DC-SIGN+ DCs were localized just beneath the luminal epithelium. These findings suggest that DC-SIGN+ DCs could play a role in the transmission of primate lentiviruses in the ileum and the rectum whereas accessibility to DC-SIGN+ cells is limited in an intact vaginal mucosa. Finally, we identified a MAb that blocked simian immunodeficiency virus interactions with rhesus macaque DC-SIGN. This and other specific MAbs may be used to assess the relevance of DC-SIGN in virus transmission in vivo.
Feasibility of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Most studies showing that autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is feasible in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) referred to highly selected patients considered as eligible after complete remission (CR) achievement and bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection. This study evaluated the feasibility of ASCT from 155 consecutive AML patients aged over 60 years (median age 72 years, range 61 – 94) programmed to receive ASCT by using PBSCs after CR achievement. Overall, 90 out of 155 patients (58%) were judged as eligible for aggressive chemotherapy and 45 (50%) achieved CR. Among these, 36 (80%) received consolidation and 32 (89% of consolidated) were monitored for PBSC mobilization. A successful collection was registered in 25/32 patients (78% of monitored). Finally, 20 patients received ASCT. Reasons for not autografting five mobilizing patients included relapse pre-ASCT, toxicity, and refusal. Median survival was 4 months for the whole patient population and 19 months for patients actually autografted. Overall, 20 out of 90 patients accrued into intensive chemotherapy (22%) and 20 out of the entire patient population (13%) underwent ASCT. It is concluded that APBSCT can result in an improvement of therapeutic results in AML of the elderly, but it is feasible in a minority of selected patients.
Predictive value of malignancy grading systems, DNA content, p53, and angiogenesis for stage I tongue carcinomas.

AIM: To assess the clinical value of malignancy grading systems compared with nuclear DNA content, protein p53, and angiogenesis for predicting recurrence of stage I (UICC, 1987) tongue carcinomas. METHODS: Histopathological malignancy grading according to Jakobsson and tumour front grading according to Bryne et al were performed on haematoxylin and eosin slides. DNA analysis was performed by image cytometry. Protein p53 and angiogenesis were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis using antibody CM1 and antibody against factor VIII related antigen, respectively. RESULTS: 49 patients with stage I carcinomas of the mobile tongue were included, all treated by local surgical excision alone. Eight patients (16%) suffered from local recurrence during follow up, and 13 (27%) had regional recurrence. Both Jakobsson's malignancy grading system and p53 immunoreactivity proved to be useful predictors of regional recurrence in a Cox multivariate regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Histopathological malignancy grading systems provide valuable prognostic information and can still compete with current biological markers in this respect.
An analysis of the attitudes and perceptions of social work students regarding political participation and three historically black colleges and universities

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK GREEN, MELISSA DENISE B.S.W. UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE AT CHATTANOOGA, 2004 M.S.W. UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE AT KNOXVILLE, 2006 AN ANALYSIS OF THE ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS REGARDING POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AT THREE HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES
Nonparametric Joint Shape and Feature Priors for Image Segmentation

In many image segmentation problems involving limited and low-quality data, employing statistical prior information about the shapes of the objects to be segmented can significantly improve the segmentation result. However, defining probability densities in the space of shapes is an open and challenging problem, especially if the object to be segmented comes from a shape density involving multiple modes (classes). Existing techniques in the literature estimate the underlying shape distribution by extending Parzen density estimator to the space of shapes. In these methods, the evolving curve may converge to a shape from a wrong mode of the posterior density when the observed intensities provide very little information about the object boundaries. In such scenarios, employing both shape- and class-dependent discriminative feature priors can aid the segmentation process. Such features may involve, e.g., intensity-based, textural, or geometric information about the objects to be segmented. In this paper, we propose a segmentation algorithm that uses nonparametric joint shape and feature priors constructed by Parzen density estimation. We incorporate the learned joint shape and feature prior distribution into a maximum a posteriori estimation framework for segmentation. The resulting optimization problem is solved using active contours. We present experimental results on a variety of synthetic and real data sets from several fields involving multimodal shape densities. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method.
Scientific Practices for Student-Centered Inquiry: The Impact of a Focus on Student Proficiency in Data Analysis and Scientific Argumentation on Inquiry-Based Practices in a First-Grade Classroom.

iii List of Tables . vii Chapter 1: Introduction.1 Overview of Dissertation in Practice.1 Background.3 Problem of Practice Statement.6 Purpose Statement . 7 Theoretical Base . 7 Overview of Study Design.8 Limitations and Considerations . 11 Significance of Study.11 Dissertation in Practice Overview . 14 Glossary of Terms.14 Chapter 2: Literature Review.16 Introduction.16 Purpose Statement . 18
‘Fast track’ postoperative management protocol for patients with high co‐morbidity undergoing complex abdominal and pelvic colorectal surgery

A combination of factors has emphasized the need to reduce postoperative stay after surgery. Multimodal care plans may shorten hospital stay, but have been associated with high readmission rates and are generally reserved for straightforward, non‐complicated colonic (not rectal) resections. This study evaluated a ‘fast track’ protocol in patients undergoing major colonic and rectal surgery.