Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety of Lactobacillus strains used as probiotic agents.

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A Survey on Intelligent Poetry Generation: Languages, Features, Techniques, Reutilisation and Evaluation

Poetry generation is becoming popular among researchers of Natural Language Generation, Computational Creativity and, broadly, Artificial Intelligence. To produce text that may be regarded as poetry, poetry generation systems are typically knowledge-intensive and have to deal with several levels of language, from lexical to semantics. Interest on the topic resulted in the development of several poetry generators described in the literature, with different features covered or handled differently, by a broad range of alternative approaches, as well as different perspectives on evaluation, another challenging aspect due the underlying subjectivity. This paper surveys intelligent poetry generators around a set of relevant axis for poetry generation – targeted languages, form and content features, techniques, reutilisation of material, and evaluation – and aims to organise work developed on this topic so far.
Coping with the speculative attack against the forint's band

On 15 and 16 January 2003, an intensive speculative attack was launched against the exchange rate band of the forint. This study analyses the monetary policy decisions with regard to the antecedents of the speculation, the events of the speculative episode and the subsequent period of consolidation. The study finds that the speculative attack was irrational and unjustified in view of several considerations. Through adjustments in the policy rate and the modification of monetary instruments, the MNB was able to defend the exchange rate band of the forint. The MNB successfully localized the effects of the speculative attack on the interbank market. The MNB’s presence on the foreign exchange market facilitated the rapid and controlled withdrawal of the speculative capital, without threatening the disinflation process and the stability of the financial system. The investors taking part in the speculation incurred substantial losses, while the market developments after the speculative episode increased the banking system’s profit.
Economic Status and Old-Age Health in Poverty-Stricken Myanmar

Objective: We examine the association between poverty, economic inequality, and health among elderly in Myanmar. Method: We analyze 2012 data from Myanmar’s first representative survey of older adults to investigate how health indicators vary across wealth quintiles as measured by household possessions and housing quality. Results: Poverty and poor health are pervasive. Self-assessed health, sensory impairment, and functional limitation consistently improve with higher wealth levels regardless of socio-demographic controls. Differentials in self-rated health and sensory impairment between the bottom and second quintiles are clearly evident, suggesting that relative economic inequality matters even among very poor elders and that a small difference in wealth can matter in an extreme poverty setting. Discussion: Findings support a global theory of economic gradients in health regardless of level of societal poverty. Modest efforts to improve the standard of living among elderly may improve not only their material well-being but also their health.
The Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ( NOS 3 – 786 T > C ) Genetic Polymorphism in Chronic Heart Failure : Effects of Mutant-786 C allele on Long-term Mortality

Background: Nitric oxide plays an important role in the regulation of basal vascular tone and cardiac myocyte function. We investigated the NOS3–786T>C polymorphism in chronic heart failure (CHF) and its effects on long-term mortality. Methods: Ninety-one patients with CHF who were referred to the Department of Cardiology of Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center for cardiopulmonary exercise testing between April 2001 and January 2004 and 30 controls were enrolled in this study. Patient were followed prospectively for a period of 1 to 12 years. Results: Patients and controls were divided into three groups: TT, TC and CC, according to their NOS3–786T>C polymorphism. We noted that there was no significant difference in the genotype distribution between patients and controls. There was also no significant difference in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism between ischemic HF and nonischemic HF. During the follow-up period, 61 (67%) deaths occurred. The nonsurvivor group had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.01), reduced peak oxygen consumption (p = 0.04) and were of older age (p = 0.001). Age, LVEF, peak oxygen consumption and genotype were found to be predictors of mortality (p < 0.05). Additionally, mortality was significantly increased in -786CC genotype patients compared to TT genotype patients (hazard ratio = 2.2; p = 0.03). By multivariate analysis, age and eNOS genotype were determined to be significant independent predictors of death. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed that homozygote -786C genotype was associated with an increased risk of death ( 2 = 4.6, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Our findings showed that the NOS3–786T>C polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with CHF.
AJAE Appendix: Mergers and Acquisitions and Productivity in the U.S. Meat Products Industries

This article investigates the motives for mergers and acquisitions in the U.S. meat products industry from1977-92. Results show that acquired meat and poultry plants were very productive before mergers, and that all but the very largest meat slaughter and processing plants and all but the bottom 20 percent of the poultry slaughter and processing plants significantly improved their productivity growth in their post-merger periods. These results lead to the conclusion that synergies and related efficiencies are important motives for Mergers and Acquisitions.
Taking Credit and Avoiding Responsibility: The Causes and Career Consequences of Managers’ Strategic Disclosures

This paper provides evidence on the determinants and career consequences of managers’ strategic causal explanations (attributions) for firm performance. Using new textual analysis algorithms, I identify abnormal attributions and find that managers appear to strategically attribute favorable firm performance to internal factors and poor firm performance to external factors. More importantly, I find that strategic external attributions of poor performance are associated with lower CEO cashcompensation sensitivity and forced turnover likelihood. These findings suggest that managers’ careerrelated incentives affect their disclosure choices. I also find that abnormal attributions are mitigated by greater analyst following, better corporate governance and greater peer performance commonality. Overall, the evidence is consistent with managers strategically presenting causal explanations to extract private benefits.
A review of sheep pox and goat pox: perspective of their control and eradication in Iran

Sheep pox and goat pox (SGP) of small ruminants are most severing pox diseases of domestic animals, and they have a very important role in agricultural economy. Thereby, SGP are included in the notifiable diseases of Office International des Epizooties (OIE). Time and place distributions of these diseases are relatively stable worldwide. Transportation of infected animals could spread these viruses to the new areas. In most countries in which capripox are enzootic, vaccination and bio-security are the only two main control measures. SGP control programs have been commenced about 50 years ago in Iran, and there is a good situation for eradication of it. In this review, readers can find latest information in some essential aspects of etiology, distribution, transmission, and control of the diseases. Besides, current situation of the disease in Iran has been described, which perhaps are similar to the other endemic areas in the world. http://dx.doi. org/10.5455/javar.2015. b117
Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries: An Institutional Analysis

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an increasingly significant element in contemporary business. Globalisation, a growing concern for environmental degradation, and evident social inequality have installed CSR on the global agenda. Companies around the world are introducing CSR programs, and many of the Schools of Management or Business Schools have CSR courses in their core programmes, including their MBAs. Organisations such as EFMD (www.efmd.org), ABIS (www.abis.org) and PRME (www.prme.org) are prompting universities and business schools to implement CSR as well as sustainability courses and seminars. Conceptual research concerned with the influences on firms’ socially responsible actions has recently emphasized the importance of institutional factors. However, current institutional accounts of corporate social responsibility implicitly assume the presence of well-developed and relatively stable institutional characteristics found in developed countries. In order to address this gap, this thesis presents a conceptual model, which explores how institutional pressures configure a local company’s CSR practices in developing countries. This thesis presents empirical findings drawn from in depth open-ended interviewees to managers of local companies in Argentina, taking into account type of industry, size, and the presence of multinational companies (MNCs). In so doing, this study contributes to extending the application of institutional theory to developing countries context and to theoretical analysis of local companies CSR practices in such contexts. Within this analysis, this study places particular emphasis on the role of MNC and the State in the processes of adoption of CSR practices by local companies in a developing country. Finally, this thesis contributes with practical implications for mangers of local companies and managers of MNCs’ subsidiaries in developing countries
Factors affecting spermatogenesis upon gonadotropin‐replacement therapy: a meta‐analytic study

A meta‐analysis was performed to systematically analyse the results of gonadotropin and GnRH therapy in inducing spermatogenesis in subjects with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HHG) and azoospermia. An extensive Medline and Embase search was performed including the following words: ‘gonadotropins’ or ‘GnRH’, ‘infertility’, ‘hypogonadotropic’, ‘hypogonadism’ and limited to studies in male humans. Overall, 44 and 16 studies were retrieved for gonadotropin and GnRH therapy, respectively. Of those, 43 and 16 considered the appearance of at least one spermatozoa in semen, whereas 26 and 10 considered sperm concentration upon gonadotropin and GnRH, respectively. The combination of the study results showed an overall success rate of 75% (69–81) and 75% (60–85) in achieving spermatogenesis, with a mean sperm concentration obtained of 5.92 (4.72–7.13) and 4.27 (1.80–6.74) million/mL for gonadotropin and GnRH therapy, respectively. The results upon gonadotropin were significantly worse in studies involving only subjects with a pre‐pubertal onset HHG, as compared with studies involving a mixed population of pre‐ and post‐pubertal onset [68% (58–77) vs. 84% (76–89), p = 0.011 and 3.37 (2.25–4.49) vs. 12.94 (8.00–17.88) million/mL, p < 0.0001; for dichotomous and continuous data, respectively]. A similar effect was observed also upon GnRH. No difference in terms of successful achievement of spermatogenesis and sperm concentration was found for different FSH preparations. Previous use of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) did not affect the results obtained with gonadotropins. Finally, a higher success rate was found for subjects with lower levels of gonadotropins at the baseline and for those using both human chorionic gonadotropin and FSH. Gonadotropin therapy, even with urinary derivatives, is a suitable option in inducing/restoring fertility in azoospermic HHG subjects. Gonadotropins appear to be more efficacious in subjects with a pure secondary nature (low gonadotropins) and a post‐pubertal onset of the disorder, whereas previous TRT does not affect outcome.
Sensitivity Enhancement of Turn-Around-Point Long Period Gratings By Tuning Initial Coupling Condition

Long period grating (LPG) at turn-around-point (TAP) has been studied with a view to enumerate the dependence of sensitivity of a particular resonant mode at the TAP to surrounding refractive index on the initial coupling strength. It has been shown theoretically and also validated experimentally that sensitivity can be enhanced significantly by tailoring the coupling strength of the cladding mode at the resonant wavelength near the TAP. Sensitivity characteristics have been studied for surrounding refractive index in the range 1.335-1.360, which is of interest in the field of biosensors, where the sensitivity of conventional LPGs is relatively small. We could attain a sensitivity of ~1850 nm/RIU using a TAP-LPG with ~3-dB attenuation at resonance.
Agents of change?: Bank branch managers and the management of corporate culture change

Discusses the increase in interest (both managerial and theoretical) in the field of corporate culture. Drawing on research in the financial services, points to the critical role of branch managers (middle managers) in the role of corporate culture change. While top leadership was important in providing a catalyst for change, employees’ perceptions of such leadership was vague. Branch managers were seen as the leaders on the ground, decoding and indeed reinterpreting corporate messages.
A NEW ECONOMIC DIMENSION TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE: ESTIMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY IN CASE OF PAKISTAN

This study attempts to examine the linkage between environmental degradation and economic growth in Pakistan over the period 1972-2011. The main concern of this study is to test the validity of Environmental Kuznets Curve in case of Pakistan and aims to find out the total and per capita carbon efficiency of Pakistan. Moreover, this study estimates the tipping point of environmental Kuznets curve in case of Pakistan. The study used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to determine the robustness of long-run relationship among environmental degradation and economic growth. The results show that the inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation is valid in case of Pakistan. The values of total carbon efficiency for Pakistan is 47.69 and per capita carbon efficiency for Pakistan is 0.0002, which are relatively low as compare to other developing and developed countries like in the region. The Tipping Point of EKC in case of Pakistan is 338.34. This study recommends that government should keep into consideration the sustainable economic policies with environmental policies, as environmental sustainability largely based on the economic conditions and economic policies adopted by the countries.
An Experiment in Fair Value Accounting? The State of the Art in Research and Thought Leadership on Accounting for Life Assurance in the UK and Continental Europe

'Fair value' is currently the central topic of debate in the development of accounting standards. While it has now been defined to mean an exit price in US GAAP, the IASB is still considering its own definition, and some commentators are arguing for versions of entry price, or for differing prices in different circumstances or for different types of asset and liability. The FASB and IASB are aiming to achieve full fair value accounting for financial instruments, and both have already made this optional in many circumstances. But both theoretical and practical challenges still remain to a mandatory requirement. And whether fair values (exit or entry) should be used in revenue recognition and in presenting performance; and how far changes in fair value should be recognised as gains and losses in income or earnings when markets are not deep and active, remain hotly contested areas of dispute. Such measurement issues are likely to prove the most controversial stage in the current revision and convergence of the FASB's and IASB's conceptual frameworks. One industry where practical experiments in wholesale fair value accounting have been developing in the UK and elsewhere since the 1990s is life insurance. Standard setters have also taken up the challenge of determining the most appropriate accounting. The latest proposals from IASB, under 'Phase II' of its project on insurance contracts, that are currently out for discussion now contemplate requiring a form of fair value accounting by insurers. While insurance is often regarded as the technical preserve of industry specialists and the actuarial profession, most of the issues of principle are common to accounting for all kinds of assets and liabilities in all kinds of businesses. The life insurance experiments and related debates can therefore help to illuminate the wider discussion of the future role of fair value accounting. And what is decided as the standard for life insurance may in turn change the way accounting is done more generally - or alternatively fear of such a consequence may end up inhibiting the adoption of the best alternative for insurance. So the arguments about life insurance accounting are too important to be left to those directly involved in it.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T genotype and PD

In a prospective, population‐based cohort study among 5,920 participants aged 55 years or older, we observed that the TT variant of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism is associated with an increased risk for Parkinson's disease in smokers. Both smoking and the TT genotype are known to induce hyperhomocystinemia, and synergistic effects on homocysteine levels have been reported. Increased plasma levels of homocysteine through direct neurotoxic effects might accelerate the selective dopaminergic cell death underlying Parkinson's disease. Our findings support the hypothesis that homocysteine plays a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2005;57:927–930
Muskellunge of the New River , Virginia : The Effects of Restrictive Harvest Regulations on Population Demographics and Predation on Sympatric Smallmouth Bass Sasha

Public) Management of fish for recreation can be challenging when multiple species are of interest, particularly when potential exists for one species to negatively influence another and stimulates conflict between users. Large predators are often at the center of these conflicts because of their ability to change fish populations via predation. This type of conflict certainly exists between the Muskellunge Esox masquinongy and Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu fisheries of the New River, Virginia. The perceived influence of increased Muskellunge predation on Smallmouth Bass and the bass fishery following the institution of a 42-in minimum-length limit (MLL), has created tension between users. In order to ascertain the impacts of the 42-in MLL, I estimated Muskellunge population structure, abundance, and food habits and combined them with diet modeling to assess changes (i) in the number and size of Muskellunge and (ii) in Muskellunge predation on Smallmouth Bass. Additionally, given the likelihood of future regulations to incite similar concerns from bass anglers, I also used regulation modeling to assess (iii) the potential of other regulations to change the number and size of Muskellunge. I found that the size structure (i.e., the proportion of large Muskellunge in the population) and the number of Muskellunge increased after the 42-in MLL, but I did not find a notable increase in the amount of Smallmouth Bass eaten by Muskellunge. I also found that more-restrictive regulations (i.e., a 48-in MLL) could further increase the size structure and number of Muskellunge. My results suggest that the current Muskellunge population probably plays a small role in shaping the Smallmouth Bass population of the New River, and I lay the groundwork for predicting how that role might change under other regulations.
Improving Conservation Outcomes with a New Paradigm for Understanding Species’ Fundamental and Realized Adaptive Capacity

Worldwide, many species are responding to ongoing climate change with shifts in distribution, abundance, phenology, or behavior. Consequently, natural‐resource managers face increasingly urgent conservation questions related to biodiversity loss, expansion of invasive species, and deteriorating ecosystem services. We argue that our ability to address these questions is hampered by the lack of explicit consideration of species’ adaptive capacity (AC). AC is the ability of a species or population to cope with climatic changes and is characterized by three fundamental components: phenotypic plasticity, dispersal ability, and genetic diversity. However, few studies simultaneously address all elements; often, AC is confused with sensitivity or omitted altogether from climate‐change vulnerability assessments. Improved understanding, consistent definition, and comprehensive evaluations of AC are needed. Using classic ecological‐niche theory as an analogy, we propose a new paradigm that considers fundamental and realized AC: the former reflects aspects inherent to species, whereas the latter denotes how extrinsic factors constrain AC to what is actually expressed or observed. Through this conceptualization, we identify ecological attributes contributing to AC, outline areas of research necessary to advance understanding of AC, and provide examples demonstrating how the inclusion of AC can better inform conservation and natural‐resource management.