Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Repairing Alliance Ruptures in the Mandatory Reporting of Child Maltreatment: Perspectives from Social Work

Mandatory reporting of child maltreatment presents a challenging clinical issue for social workers who find themselves obligated to report the maltreatment while managing an often discordant therapeutic alliance with the family. The betrayal and anger felt by families following the report may result in the discontinuation of treatment or negatively impact further clinical work. Registered social workers participated in an online survey examining how they maintain the therapeutic alliance in the face of mandatory reporting. Results showed numerous strategies employed before and following the disclosure of reportable material. Practice principles for clinicians are suggested.
Nursing home culture, teamwork, and culture change

Aims: Most developed countries are taking steps to move away from institutional models of care for the aged, in an attempt to both improve quality of life for those receiving care and improve the work of those providing care. In the USA, the concept of ‘culture change’ (CC) encompasses a variety of philosophical and practice models being employed to de-institutionalise skilled nursing facilities, also known as long-term care (LTC) facilities. Teamwork among direct-care workers is often promoted as an important aspect of culture change. However, a recent study found that, among facilities attempting CC, teamwork was the least commonly implemented CC component. This suggests that facilities may be having difficulty implementing teamwork and also raises questions about the link between teamwork and facility organisational culture. This study examined the relationship between teamwork and organisational culture in the LTC setting. Methods: Observations in 20 LTC facilities were used to identify facilities with high and low amounts of teamwork. Interviews with nursing staff from four high-teamwork and five low-teamwork facilities were compared to determine the aspects of organisational culture associated with teamwork, and explore how teamwork might be sustained in LTC facilities. Findings: Aspects of culture, including positive staff attitudes toward co-workers, were associated with high-teamwork facilities. Managerial modelling of these attitudes may be one factor that helps sustain teamwork. Conclusions: LTC facility managers may need to adjust their own attitudes and behaviour to support teamwork in their facilities. This has implications for facilities attempting to de-institutionalise.
Racemization of aspartic acid in root dentin as a tool for age estimation in a Kuwaiti population

Estimation of age is one of the most significant tasks in forensic practice. Amino acid racemization is considered one of the most reliable and accurate methods of age estimation and aspartic acid shows a high racemization reaction rate. The present study has investigated the application of aspartic acid racemization in age estimation in a Kuwaiti population using root dentin from a total of 89 upper first premolar teeth. The D/L ratio of aspartic acid was obtained by HPLC technique in a test group of 50 subjects and a linear regression line was established between aspartic acid racemization and age. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.97, and the standard error of estimation was ±1.26 years. The racemization age “t” of each subject was calculated by applying the following formula: ln [(1 + D/L)/(1 − D/L)] = 0.003181 t + (−0.01591). When the proposed formula “estimated age t = ln [(1 + D/L)/(1 − D/L)] + 0.01591/0.003181” was applied to a validation group of 39 subjects, the range of error was less than one year in 82.1% of the cases and the standard error of estimation was ±1.12. The current work has established a reasonably significant correlation of the D-/L-aspartic acid ratio with age, and proposed an apparently reliable formula for calculating the age in Kuwaiti populations through aspartic acid racemization. Further research is required to find out whether similar findings are applicable to other ethnic populations.
Nonlinear principal component analysis for the radiometric inversion of atmospheric profiles by using neural networks

A new neural network algorithm for the inversion of radiometric data to retrieve atmospheric profiles of temperature and vapor has been developed. The potentiality of the neural networks has been exploited not only for inversion purposes but also for data feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. In its complete form, the algorithm uses a neural network architecture consisting of three stages: 1) the input stage reduces the dimension of the input vector; 2) the middle stage performs the mapping from the reduced input vector to the reduced output vector; 3) the third stage brings the output of the middle stage to the desired actual dimension. The effectiveness of the algorithm has been evaluated comparing its performance to that obtainable with more traditional linear techniques.
An Unusual Case of Thrombocytopenia and Leukopenia Associated with Diltiazem and Acyclovir

Objective: To describe the case of a patient who developed thrombocytopenia associated with diltiazem and leukopenia associated with diltiazem or acyclovir. Case Summary: An 81-year-old white man was admitted for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). On admission, his white blood cell (WBC) count and platelet count were within normal limits. Admission medications included metoprolol, which was replaced on day 3 with diltiazem due to concern that it might exacerbate the COPD. The patient's platelet count at the initiation of diltiazem therapy was 180 × 103/mm3. The next day the platelet count was 232 × 103/mm3, but decreased to 182 × 103/mm3 on day 5 and continued to decline through day 30, at which time it reached a nadir of 10 × 103/mm3. By then, several causes of thrombocytopenia, including disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, had been ruled out. A hematology consult suggested diltiazem as the cause of thrombocytopenia, and it was discontinued. The platelet count began to rise 8 days after discontinuation of diltiazem and returned to normal values over a period of 5 days. On day 15, acyclovir was initiated for an oral herpes simplex virus–1 infection. The WBC count on day 20 was 8.7 × 103/mm3, and it continued to decline daily. On day 24, the value was 2.5 × 103/mm3, at which time acyclovir was discontinued. The WBC count continued to decline for 6 days, reaching a nadir of 0.6 × 103/mm3, at which point filgrastim was initiated; the WBC count gradually returned to normal over the next 5 days. Conclusions: Myelosuppression is a rare complication of diltiazem and acyclovir therapy. Patients using these medications should be monitored for signs and symptoms of myelosuppression.
Excited delirium: A psychiatric review

The term ‘excited delirium’ (ED) is used to explain sudden and unexpected restraint-related deaths. Since the 1990s, ED has often been identified as the principal cause of death in restrained individuals, rather than the restraint procedure itself. Forensic pathologists and psychiatrists attach different meanings to the term delirium. For psychiatrists, delirium is a specific technical term, which implies a grave and potentially life-threatening underlying physical illness. If a patient dies during a bout of delirium, psychiatrists assume that there will be autopsy evidence to demonstrate the primary underlying organic cause. Conversely, pathologists appear to be using the term ED to refer to restraint-related deaths in either highly disturbed cocaine users or psychiatric patients in a state of extreme agitation. In these cases, there is no underlying physical disorder other than a terminal cardiac arrhythmia. As the term ED has different meanings for psychiatrists and for pathologists, it would be helpful for these two professional groups to develop a mutually agreed terminology.
Perilla leaf extract ameliorates obesity and dyslipidemia induced by high‐fat diet

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiobesity effect of perilla leaf extract (PLE) in animal models of high fat diet‐induced obesity. C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet (STD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks to induce obesity. The experimental groups were four groups with 10 mice per group and fed for 4 weeks: a STD group, a HFD group, a HFD containing 1% PLE (HFD + PLE 1%) group and a HFD containing 3% PLE (HFD + PLE 3%) group. The PLE supplementation significantly decreased body weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and relative liver and epididymal fat mass compared with those of the HFD group. Also, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL levels in the plasma were significantly reduced by PLE supplementation compared with the HFD group. Histological changes in the liver of the PLE supplemented group showed an inhibition of steatosis induced by HFD. Furthermore, PLE reversed the HFD induced changes in the expression patterns of epididymal adipose tissue genes: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ). These results suggest that the PLE supplement suppressed body weight gain and improved the blood lipid profiling, in part by down‐regulating adipogenic transcription factor and other specific target genes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commotio cordis: A review

Commotio cordis is an increasingly reported fatal mechano-electric syndrome and is the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. It is most commonly associated with a sports-related injury, wherein, there is a high-velocity impact between a projectile and the precordium. By virtue of this impact, malignant arrhythmias consequently develop leading to the individual’s immediate demise, accompanied by a relatively normal post-mortem analysis. The importance of an autopsy remains paramount to exclude other causes of sudden death. With increasing awareness and reporting, survival rates are beginning to improve; however, prevention of the development of this condition remains the best approach for survival.
Two-dimensional geoelectrical modeling using a Rayleigh-Fourier method

The authors present a new method for DC resistivity modeling as an alternative to finite element and finite difference techniques, based on a Rayleigh-Fourier approach. This is especially adequate to model 2D layered structures with smooth irregular boundaries. The validity of the method is verified by comparing its results with FE solutions for two synthetic models, representing a horst and a graben. The ability to model actual data has also been tested by applying it to interpret data from tectonic basin in the Sierras Pampeanas region in Argentina. During the modeling process, the method showed good convergence and proved friendly to use. Several layers could be identified as being part of an aquifer complex, and the most remarkable fact regarding the reliability of the results is that the description of these layers is in good agreement with information from wells.
Economic Aspects of Health

Unlike earlier work in medical economics, which has focused on medical care, these ten papers stress the production and consequences of health itself. They reveal a serious concern with real-world health problems in their investigation of such subjects as infant mortality, life expectancy, morbidity, and disability. These papers are unusual, as well, in bringing to bear on these problems new and powerful theoretical and statistical tools. They draw on, and in some cases are, original sources for new bodies of data. As such, Economic Aspects of Health comprises a useful blend of relevance and rigor.
Prevalence of Typhoid fever among the Children in a Semi Urban Area of Bangladesh

Context: In Bangladesh, typhoid fever is a round the year problem which sometimes take epidemic proportions. The reason behind such occurrences are unsafe water supply, defective sewage system and unhygienic food handling practice. This study was designed to find out the prevalence of typhoid fever and related factors like sanitation facilities and food practice among the children of low income group people living in Kamrangir char and its adjacent areas in the semi urban Dhaka. Methodology: Data were collected from June 2009 to May 2010, from a sample of 96 patients with fever of more than seven days duration, who presented in the paediatric outpatient department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Detailed history, comprehensive physical examination and other relevant informations of the patients were recorded by following standard procedures. A raised anti O level with titre of >1:160 as well as other blood parameters were considered significant of having typhoid fever. Results: This study shows that 84(87.50%) patients had typhoid fever based on clinical examination and serological test results (widal test). It was observed that prevalence of enteric fever was high among the patients of school going age group (66.67%), habituated with unsafe drinking water (58.33%) and junk foods (72.92%). Statistical analysis showed that SSC level education in the parents who remain outside during the major part of the day for their livelihood had significant positive relationship with prevalence of typhoid fever. It was concluded that prevalence of typhoid fever was high among the children of school going age, who consume unsafe drinking water and food from outside source. Keywords: Typhoid fever; semi urban area; children. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jdmc.v20i1. 8570 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2011; 20(1) :37-43
The Long Road to Farewell: The Needs of Families With Dying Children

Families of dying children are profoundly impacted by numerous interactions with health-care providers before, during, and after their child’s death. However, there is a dearth of research on these families’ direct, qualitative experiences with health-care providers. This study presents findings from interviews with 18 family members, predominantly parents, regarding their experiences with health-care providers during a child’s terminal illness, from diagnosis to death. The importance of compassion emerged as a salient theme, manifested in myriad ways, and connected to participants’ perception of caregiver presence in multiple domains. Families were likewise negatively affected by a wide variety of situations and behaviors that represented individual or institutional abandonment or nonpresence, and thus compounded the experience of loss. Specifics and implications for practice are explored.
Withanamides in Withania somnifera fruit protect PC‐12 cells from β‐amyloid responsible for Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with symptoms of confusion, memory loss, and mood swings. The β‐amyloid peptide, with 39–42 amino acid residues (BAP), plays a significant role in the development of AD. Although there is no cure for AD, it can be managed with available drugs to some degree. Several studies have revealed that natural antioxidants, such as vitamin E, vitamin C and β‐carotene, may help in scavenging free radicals generated during the initiation and progression of this disease. Therefore, there has been considerable interest in plant phytochemicals with antioxidant property as potential agents to prevent the progression of AD. Our earlier investigations of the Withania somnifera fruit afforded lipid peroxidation inhibitory withanamides that are more potent than the commercial antioxidants. In this study, we have tested two major withanamides A (WA) and C (WC) for their ability to protect the PC‐12 cells, rat neuronal cells, from β‐amyloid induced cell damage. The cell death caused by β‐amyloid was negated by withanamide treatment. Molecular modeling studies showed that withanamides A and C uniquely bind to the active motif of β‐amyloid (25–35) and suggest that withanamides have the ability to prevent the fibril formation. Further understanding of the mechanism of action and in vivo efficacy of these withanamides may facilitate its development as a prophylaxis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the slotted nonpersistent CSMA protocol for wireless access networks with multiple packet reception

In this paper, we propose probability models for performance analysis of the slotted nonpersistent CSMA protocol in wireless networks with multiple packet reception. Variants of the CSMA protocol are well-known and play important roles in medium access control. Most of the previous works on CSMA use the conventional (0, 1, e) channel model, which prohibits an access point from concurrently receiving multiple packets from distinct nodes. In this paper, we use the Poisson random traffic model to study the performance of the slotted nonpersistent CSMA protocol when the access point could simultaneously receive two or more packets from different nodes in wireless access networks. We show that in terms of the network throughput, our analytical results are consistent with simulation results.
Electrical Activity of Powerhouse Muscles During the Teaser Exercise of Pilates Using Different Types of Apparatus

We compared the electrical activity of certain powerhouse muscles—External Oblique, Multifidus, Adductor Longus, and Gluteus Medius—during the teaser exercise of the Pilates Method, performed on various types of apparatus—the Mat, Reformer, and Wall Unit. Fifteen female practitioners of the Classic Pilates Method (32.6 ± 7.7 years old; 21.9 ± 1.9 body mass index) performed the teaser in each situation while electromyographic (EMG) and kinematic data were collected. Root mean square values of the flexion phase were compared. All muscles showed higher EMG activity in Reformer compared with Wall Unit, and Multifidus, Adductor Longus, and Gluteus Medius showed higher EMG activity in Mat compared with Wall Unit. No difference was found between Reformer and Mat.
Self-Regulation in Language Learning

Self-regulated learning has been a widely researched subject for decades in educational psychology. Different instruments have been developed to understand learners’ self-regulated learning in a specific subject domain. This study developed a measurement scale to assess English-as-a-foreign-language learners’ self-regulatory capacity in English language learning and further examined the effects of gender on English-as-a-foreign-language learners’ self-regulatory capacity. A series of psychometric analyses including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and full structural equation modeling were undertaken to answer the research questions raised. The findings suggest that the scale can attain high reliability and strong validity in two different samplings, and the underlying construct of self-regulation in English language learning is shown to be multidimensional with a significant impact by gender. Theoretical and pedagogical implications are further put forward in light of the research findings.
Personality, Motivation, and Math Achievement Among Turkish Students

Using the Turkish portion of the Programme for International Student Assessment dataset (N = 4,848; 51% boys, 49% girls; age, M = 15.81 years, SD = 0.28), this study investigated factors associated with mathematics achievement among Turkish students. Three different models were estimated using the method of balanced repeated replication with Fay’s method and taking into account the presence of five plausible values of the dependent variable. Results showed that male students and older students had better mathematics proficiency. Socio-economic status and school resources also played a significant role in explaining student achievement in mathematics. Finally, students who were more open to problem solving, who attributed their failure to external factors, and who were intrinsically motivated to learn mathematics achieved higher scores. Policy implications are provided.
Otoacoustic Emissions in Infants and Children: Basic Characteristics and Clinical Application

Reprint requests: Dr. Prieve, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Division of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244. Considerable effort has been directed toward understanding otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) since their description by Kemp in 1978. OAEs are low-level acoustic signals that are generated in the cochlea, transmitted through the middle ear and into the ear canal where they can be measured with an insert microphone. Because of their properties such as frequency-selective tuning, increased latency with stimuli having progressively lower frequency and vulnerability to cochlear insult,' they are thought to originate in the cochlea, independent of afferent neural integrity. Although the mechanism by which OAEs are generated is not known at this time, outer hair cells are thought to play a significant role. There are two types of OAEs. The first, spontaneous OAEs (SOAEs), are measured in the absence of any external signal to the ear and occur in approximately 50% of normally hearing adults. The second type, evoked OAEs (EOAEs), can be evoked by various types of stimuli and can be measured in 96% to 100% of normal hearing adults and children, and infants with auditory brain stem responses to stimuli presented at 30 dB HL. Because EOAEs are typically not measurable in people with hearing loss greater than 30 to 45 dB HL, ,12 ,17-19 it is possible that testing for their presence could be used as an objective, sensitive predictor of normal, peripheral function. In addition, EOAEs can be measured quickly with noninvasive methods, so they might be an excellent choice for evaluating auditory integrity in neonates, infants, andchilden. 4 1 6 , 2 0 2 4 Recent findings have suggested that there may be considerable differences in SOAEs and EOAES between infants and adults. ,25 ,26 If this is the case, then agespecific norms must be established before EOAEs can be used clinically for diagnosis of hearing loss. The first part of this article is devoted to describing basic characteristics of OAEs in neonates, infants, and children and their comparison to OAEs measured in adults. The second part of the article focuses on EOAE measurement as a clinical tool and the third part, with some considerations for measuring EOAEs in this population. 37
Feature Recognition from CAD Models

This article presents a system dubbed IF/sup 2/ (Integrated Incremental Feature Finder), which functions as a feature recognizer or a feature model converter depending on whether the input CAD data contains design features. IF/sup 2/ recognizes three types of machining features: holes, slots and pockets. This article discusses recognition algorithms for slots and pockets. Recognition algorithms for holes are similar to those of slots (Han, 1996).