Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bell's palsy.

INTRODUCTION Bell's palsy is characterised by an acute, unilateral, partial, or complete paralysis of the face. Bell's palsy occurs in a lower motor neurone pattern. The weakness may be partial or complete, and may be associated with mild pain, numbness, increased sensitivity to sound, and altered taste. Bell's palsy is idiopathic, but a proportion of cases may be caused by re-activation of herpes virus at the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve. Bell's palsy is most common in people aged 15 to 40 years, with a 1 in 60 lifetime risk. Most people make a spontaneous recovery within 1 month, but up to 30% show delayed or incomplete recovery. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic review to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of drug treatments for Bell's palsy in adults and children? What are the effects of physical treatments for Bell's palsy in adults and children? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS We found 13 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antiviral treatment, corticosteroids (alone or with antiviral treatment), hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and facial re-training.
Coherent wideband microwave channelizer based on dual optical frequency combs

Ultra-wideband Radio Frequency (RF) receiver is in great demand for military and civilian applications, such as radar system, electronic warfare, navigation and identification functions, however, the traditional analog-component-based receivers are vulnerable to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and are limited by their ability to cover broad spectrum [1]. Offering a large instantaneous bandwidth, photonic technology has been considered as a promising technique compared to pure electronic solutions. Many microwave photonic systems are being investigated to create large broadband RF receivers such as an optical filter based on multiple stages of optical ring lattices [2] used to slice spectrum and construct parallel channels and a wave scanning structure [3] to identify to-be-measured RF signals. However, in these schemes, the resolution and measurement speed are limited by external controlling signals. Recently, optical frequency comb (OFC) as a stable, accurate light source has been widely used in many high-performance signal processing and communication applications. A range of photonic channelizers based on OFC have been proposed and demonstrated [4-5]. Comparing with the conventional electronic methods, RF photonic channelizers make a breakthrough in analyzing of wideband RF spectral contents.
Prenatal alcohol exposure alters biobehavioral reactivity to pain in newborns.

OBJECTIVES To examine biobehavioral responses to an acute pain event in a Cape Town, South Africa, cohort consisting of 28 Cape Colored (mixed ancestry) newborns (n = 14) heavily exposed to alcohol during pregnancy (exposed), and born to abstainers (n = 14) or light (< or = 0.5 oz absolute alcohol/d) drinkers (controls). METHODS Mothers were recruited during the third trimester of pregnancy. Newborn data were collected on postpartum day 3 in the maternity obstetrical unit where the infant had been delivered. Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure was defined as maternal consumption of at least 14 drinks/wk or at least 1 incident of binge drinking/mo. Acute stress-related biobehavioral markers [salivary cortisol, heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), spectral measures of heart rate variability (HRV), and videotaped facial actions] were collected thrice during a heel lance blood collection (baseline, lance, and recovery). After a feeding and nap, newborns were administered an abbreviated Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. RESULTS There were no between-group differences in maternal age, marital status, parity, gravidity, depression, anxiety, pregnancy smoking, maternal education, or infant gestational age at birth (all ps > 0.15). In both groups, HR increased with the heel lance and decreased during the postlance period. The alcohol-exposed group had lower mean HR than controls throughout, and showed no change in RSA over time. Cortisol levels showed no change over time in controls but decreased over time in exposed infants. Although facial action analyses revealed no group differences in response to the heel lance, behavioral responses assessed on the Brazelton Neonatal Scale showed less arousal in the exposed group. CONCLUSIONS Both cardiac autonomic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress reactivity measures suggest a blunted response to an acute noxious event in alcohol-exposed newborns. This is supported by results on the Brazelton Neonatal Scale indicating reduced behavioral arousal in the exposed group. To our knowledge, these data provide the first biobehavioral examination of early pain reactivity in alcohol-exposed newborns and have important implications for understanding neuro-/biobehavioral effects of prenatal alcohol exposure in the newborn period.
User Involvement, Social Media, and Service Evolution: The Case of Habbo

Understanding user needs and involving users are key success factors for service development. However, it is unclear how to apply old wisdoms from traditional product development settings in a social media context. This article analyses user involvement practices in a longitudinal case study of the virtual world and social networking service called Habbo. The focus is on how particular social media aspects, such as persistent user-created content and developers' easy access to online user action, shaped user involvement and how it evolved over time. In line with previous research, the findings indicate that user involvement becomes more formal as the user community grows and the service-market combination matures. In addition, user involvement regarding social media appears to be an issue of timing, trans-nationality, and governance. The results suggest that the usability practitioner's 'toolbox' needs tuning regarding social media.
FUNCTIONAL PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF ANENCEPHALIC AND NORMAL ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDS

In order to investigate the influence of the central nervous system on the functional differentiation of the fetal anterior pituitary gland, the pituitary gland of anencephalic and normal fetus was studied by the peroxidase‐labeled antibody method for the localization of various hormones. The only abnormality of pituitary endocrine cells in anencephaly was a marked decrease of ACTH cells. In the normal development, ACTH appeared as the earliest hormone in 5 weeks. And all other hormones were seen in 13 weeks. The reason for the decrease of ACTH cells in anencephaly was speculated to be a suppression at an early developmental life. The experimental observations done in rats using MAM might support this speculation. The adrenal glands of anencephalus showed atrophy of the fetal cortex which was considered to correlate with the decrease in number of ACTH cells. Absence of the histochemical activity of alkaline phosphatase in the permanent cortex of anencephaly may indicate absence or Inadequate stimulation by fetal ACTH. Further experimental studies in suppression of the central nervous system in early developmental life seemed to conflrm the above speculation in functional differentiation of the fetal pituitary and adrenal glands. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 495–509, 1977.
Prevalence of the night eating syndrome in a psychiatric population.

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the prevalence of night eating syndrome and its comorbid psychopathology in a psychiatric population. METHOD The Night Eating Questionnaire was administered to 399 patients in two psychiatric outpatient clinics. Those scoring above 20 on the questionnaire (N=205) were assessed for night eating syndrome with a semistructured telephone interview. Chart reviews of all participants were performed to determine their psychiatric diagnoses and medications. RESULTS Forty-nine participants (12.3%) met criteria for night eating syndrome. Greater rates of substance use disorders were found among patients diagnosed with night eating syndrome than among those without the syndrome. Obese patients were more likely than nonobese patients to manifest night eating syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Night eating syndrome is prevalent among psychiatric clinic outpatients and is likely to co-occur with substance use disorders and obesity.
Salience network-based classification and prediction of symptom severity in children with autism.

IMPORTANCE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 88 children and is characterized by a complex phenotype, including social, communicative, and sensorimotor deficits. Autism spectrum disorder has been linked with atypical connectivity across multiple brain systems, yet the nature of these differences in young children with the disorder is not well understood. OBJECTIVES To examine connectivity of large-scale brain networks and determine whether specific networks can distinguish children with ASD from typically developing (TD) children and predict symptom severity in children with ASD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Case-control study performed at Stanford University School of Medicine of 20 children 7 to 12 years old with ASD and 20 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched TD children. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Between-group differences in intrinsic functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks, performance of a classifier built to discriminate children with ASD from TD children based on specific brain networks, and correlations between brain networks and core symptoms of ASD. RESULTS We observed stronger functional connectivity within several large-scale brain networks in children with ASD compared with TD children. This hyperconnectivity in ASD encompassed salience, default mode, frontotemporal, motor, and visual networks. This hyperconnectivity result was replicated in an independent cohort obtained from publicly available databases. Using maps of each individual's salience network, children with ASD could be discriminated from TD children with a classification accuracy of 78%, with 75% sensitivity and 80% specificity. The salience network showed the highest classification accuracy among all networks examined, and the blood oxygen-level dependent signal in this network predicted restricted and repetitive behavior scores. The classifier discriminated ASD from TD in the independent sample with 83% accuracy, 67% sensitivity, and 100% specificity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Salience network hyperconnectivity may be a distinguishing feature in children with ASD. Quantification of brain network connectivity is a step toward developing biomarkers for objectively identifying children with ASD.
Efficient Rescue of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication by trans-Complementation with Nonstructural Protein 5A

ABSTRACT Studies of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication have become possible with the development of subgenomic replicons. This system allows the functional analysis of the essential components of the viral replication complex, which so far are poorly defined. In the present study we wanted to investigate whether lethal mutations in HCV nonstructural genes can be rescued by trans-complementation. Therefore, a series of replicon RNAs carrying mutations in NS3, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B that abolish replication were transfected into Huh-7 hepatoma cells harboring autonomously replicating helper RNAs. Similar to data described for the Bovine viral diarrhea virus (C. W. Grassmann, O. Isken, N. Tautz, and S. E. Behrens, J. Virol. 75:7791-7802, 2001), we found that only NS5A mutants could be efficiently rescued. There was no evidence for RNA recombination between helper and mutant RNAs, and we did not observe reversions in the transfected mutants. Furthermore, we established a transient complementation assay based on the cotransfection of helper and mutant RNAs. Using this assay, we extended our results and demonstrated that (i) inactivating NS5A mutations affecting the amino-terminal amphipathic helix cannot be complemented in trans; (ii) replication of the helper RNA is not necessary to allow efficient trans-complementation; and (iii) the minimal sequence required for trans-complementation of lethal NS5A mutations is NS3 to -5A, whereas NS5A expressed alone does not restore RNA replication. In summary, our results provide the first insight into the functional organization of the HCV replication complex.
ff ects of volunteering on salivary cortisol : Results from a daily diary study

Based on the theoretical foundations of the caregiving system model, which holds that prosocial behavior can be conceptualized in relation to a neurobiological stress-buffering mechanism, we addressed the question of whether daily volunteering yields buffering effects in terms of suppressing a neuroendocrine response (i.e., salivary cortisol) to daily stressors. We used daily diary data from the second wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE II), which is part of the Midlife in the United States study (MIDUS II), a nationally representative survey of middle-aged and older adults. Analyzing a sample of volunteers (N=340), we tested the buffering role of daily volunteer work for the same day stressors-salivary cortisol response relationship (personday observations, N=1,042). Findings from multilevel models indicated that the relationship between daily stressors and cortisol output was attenuated on days when volunteering was performed compared to days volunteering was not performed. Our findings are suggestive of a unique, but unobserved, neurobiological mechanism underlying the link between volunteering and better health. Volunteer programs designed to help others in need may be considered as an intervention strategy for individuals living under stressful conditions.
Ecologie, morphologie et biologie comparées des deux espèces du genre Lepidorhombus : L. Megastoma (Donovan) et L. Boscii (Risso) étude de leurs races et populations

L'ordre des Heterosomata, le grand groupe des poissons plats, a toujours joue un role economique important dans les peches mondiales. Ses multiples representants ont, soit une distribution tres vaste, soit au contraire tres localisee. Dans ce groupe, le genre Lepidorhombus presente deux especes que l'on rencontre sur le plateau continental europeen de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee. Il n'a jamais fait l'objet d'une peche speciale mais il a cependant une certaine importance economique car il fait partie des especes commerciales prises au chalut. Dans le passe, ce poisson n'a pas recu une attention particuliere et n'a guere fait l'objet d'etudes detaillees, hormis les travaux de CLIGNY (1905), COUCH (1877), FULTON (1890-1905) , KYLE (1900-1913) et NORMAN (1934). Le travail le plus complet et le plus recent concernant l'espece Lepidorhombus Megastoma, est celui de FURNESTIN (1935). C'est pourquoi nous avons pense qu'une etude des deux especes de ce genre traitant a la fois de leur morphologie, de leurs races et de leur distribution geographique pouvait etre interessante. (OCR non controle)
The lemonade stand game competition: solving unsolvable games

In December 2009 and November 2010, the first and second Lemonade Stand game competitions were held. In each competition, 9 teams competed, from University of Southampton, University College London, Yahoo! , Rutgers, Carnegie Mellon, Brown, Princeton, et cetera. The competition, in the spirit of Axelrod's iterated prisoner's dilemma competition, which addressed whether or not you should cooperate, asks the questions, "how should you cooperate, and with whom? " The third competition (whose results will be announced at IJCAI 2011) is open for submissions until July 1st, 2011.
Multiple Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Brucella Typing Reveals Multiple Lineages in Brucella melitensis Currently Endemic in China

Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. In China, brucellosis is recognized as a reemerging disease mainly caused by Brucella melitensis specie. To better understand the currently endemic B. melitensis strains in China, three Brucella genotyping methods were applied to 110 B. melitensis strains obtained in past several years. By MLVA genotyping, five MLVA-8 genotypes were identified, among which genotypes 42 (1-5-3-13-2-2-3-2) was recognized as the predominant genotype, while genotype 63 (1-5-3-13-2-3-3-2) and a novel genotype of 1-5-3-13-2-4-3-2 were second frequently observed. MLVA-16 discerned a total of 57 MLVA-16 genotypes among these Brucella strains, with 41 genotypes being firstly detected and the other 16 genotypes being previously reported. By BruMLSA21 typing, six sequence types (STs) were identified, among them ST8 is the most frequently seen in China while the other five STs were firstly detected and designated as ST137, ST138, ST139, ST140, and ST141 by international multilocus sequence typing database. Whole-genome sequence (WGS)-single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based typing and phylogenetic analysis resolved Chinese B. melitensis strains into five clusters, reflecting the existence of multiple lineages among these Chinese B. melitensis strains. In phylogeny, Chinese lineages are more closely related to strains collected from East Mediterranean and Middle East countries, such as Turkey, Kuwait, and Iraq. In the next few years, MLVA typing will certainly remain an important epidemiological tool for Brucella infection analysis, as it displays a high discriminatory ability and achieves result largely in agreement with WGS-SNP-based typing. However, WGS-SNP-based typing is found to be the most powerful and reliable method in discerning Brucella strains and will be popular used in the future.
The Effects of Variations in Mode of Delivery and Monetary Incentive on Physicians’ Responses to a Mailed Survey Assessing STD Practice Patterns

High response rates from physicians are key to obtaining valid and generalizable data regarding their sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis, treatment, and control practices. A factorial (3 × 2) study was designed using varying cash incentives ($0, $15, $25) and delivery modes (Federal Express, U.S. mail). Surveys, with three follow-up mailings, were sent to a national probability sample of 311 physicians in OB-GYN, family practice, internal and emergency medicine, and pediatrics specialties. Overall, 156 physicians returned completed surveys (56% overall response rate). Significant effects for incentive level (F = 28.2, df =2, p < .01) and delivery mode (F = 4.1, df =1, p < .05) existed. Highest response was among physicians in the $25-FedEx condition (81%). High response rates from busy practicing physicians can be achieved if surveys are relevant to clinical practice, sponsored by a reputable organization (the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), include a monetary incentive, and are delivered by courier.
Effect of cholesterol on the rigidity of saturated and unsaturated membranes: fluctuation and electrodeformation analysis of giant vesicles

Two different methods for measuring the bending stiffness of lipid membranes are used and further developed: fluctuation analysis and vesicle electrodeformation. For this purpose, fast camera imaging was employed minimizing the experimental effort. The methods were applied to study the effect of cholesterol on the bending stiffness of two types of membranes. We explored giant vesicles prepared from dioleoylphosphatidylcholine–cholesterol and sphingomyelin–cholesterol mixtures. The results show that the effect of cholesterol on the bending stiffness is quite different and lipid-specific. While the bending stiffness of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine membranes does not change significantly, sphingomyelin membranes become more flexible with the addition of cholesterol. Finally, we report data on vesicles prepared from lipid extracts of the plasma membrane of human red blood cells and investigate the influence of naturally present transmembrane peptides. The latter molecules do not alter the membrane stiffness significantly.
Programming mechanism of polysilicon fuse links

We have studied the programming mechanism of polysilicon fuse links using both electrical measurements and microstructure studies with the scanning electron microscope. We find that a gap forms only after a transition to a second breakdown- like state. In this state the current flows mainly through a molten filament. The applied electric field causes drift of positive silicon ions in the filament, forming a gap near the positive contact. A simple electrothermal model is described which gives a good fit to the measured I-V characteristics.
Subclassification of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas according to the Kiel classification: distinction of centroblastic and immunoblastic lymphomas is a significant prognostic risk factor.

Among high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas the updated Kiel classification identifies three major B-cell entities: centroblastic (CB), B-immunoblastic (B-IB), and B-large cell anaplastic (Ki-1+) (now termed anaplastic large cell [CD30+], [B-ALC]). The clinical prognostic relevance of this distinction was evaluated in a randomized prospective treatment trial (COP-BLAM/IMVP-16 regimen randomly combined +/- radiotherapy in complete responders) conducted in adult (age 15 to 75) patients with Ann Arbor stage II-IV disease (n = 219) diagnosed by optimal histomorphology (Giemsa staining) and by immunohistochemistry. Overall survival was significantly better in CB lymphoma as compared to B-IB (P = .0002) or B-ALC (P = .046). Relapse-free survival was worse for B-IB (P = .0003) as compared to CB lymphomas. The prognostic differences between CB and B-IB were confirmed by multivariate analyses including the risk factors of the International Index. Overall survival was significantly determined by performance status (P = .0003), serum-LDH (P = .036), and B-IB histology subtype (P = .036). Relapse-free survival was influenced by age (P = .007) and histological subtype (P = .007). Thus, the diagnosis of the CB and B-IB lymphomas by the histological criteria of the Kiel classification was identified as an independent prognostic factor in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.