Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Giant descendant trees and matching sets in the preferential attachment graph

We study the $\delta$-version of the preferential attachment graph with $m$ attachments for each of incoming vertices. We show that almost surely the scaled size of a breadth-first (descendant) tree rooted at a fixed vertex converges, for $m=1$, to a limit whose distribution is a mixture of two beta distributions, and that for $m>1$ the limit is $1$. We also analyze the likely performance of a greedy matching algorithm for all $m\ge 1$ and establish an almost sure lower bound for the size of the matching set.
Geometric scaling of two-level-system loss in superconducting resonators

We perform an experimental and numerical study of dielectric loss in superconducting microwave resonators at low temperature. Dielectric loss, due to two-level systems, is a limiting factor in several applications, e.g. superconducting qubits, Josephson parametric amplifiers, microwave kinetic-inductance detectors, and superconducting single-photon detectors. Our devices are made of disordered NbN, which, due to magnetic-field penetration, necessitates 3D finite-element simulation of the Maxwell–London equations at microwave frequencies to accurately model the current density and electric field distribution. From the field distribution, we compute the geometric filling factors of the lossy regions in our resonator structures and fit the experimental data to determine the intrinsic loss tangents of its interfaces and dielectrics. We put emphasis on the loss caused by a spin-on-glass resist such as hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ), used for ultrahigh lithographic resolution relevant to the fabrication of nanowires. We find that, when used, HSQ is the dominant source of loss, with a loss tangent of δ HSQ i = 8 × 10 − 3 .
Economic Power, Population, and the Size of Astronomical Community

The number of astronomers for a country registered to the IAU is known to have a correlation with the GDP. However, the robustness of this relationship can be doubted, because the fraction of astronomers joining the IAU differs from country to country. Here we revisit this correlation by using the recent data updated as of 2017, and then we find a similar correlation by using the total enumeration of astronomers and astrophysicists with PhD degrees and working in each country, instead of adopting the number of IAU members. We confirm the existence of two subgroup in the correlation. One group consists of European advanced countries having long history of modern astronomy, while the other group consists of countries having experienced recent rapid economic development. In order to find causation in the correlation, we obtain the long-term variations of the number of astronomers, population, and the GDP for a number of countries to find that the number of astronomers per citizen for recently developing countries has increased more rapidly as GDP per capita increased, than that for fully developed countries. We collect a demographic data of the Korean astronomical community. From these findings we estimate the proper size of the Korean astronomical community by considering the society's economic power and population. The current number of PhD astronomers working in Korea is approximately 310, but it should be 550 that is large enough to be comparable and competitive to the sizes of Spainish, Canadian, and Japanese astronomical communities. We discuss on the way how to overcome the vulnerability of the Korean astronomical community, based on the statistics of national R&D expenditure structure comparing with that of other major advanced countries.
Untwinned 
YBa2Cu3O7−δ
 thin films on MgO substrates: A platform to study strain effects on the local orders in cuprates

We have grown untwinned YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$ (YBCO) films on (110) MgO substrates that were pre-annealed at high temperature in oxygen atmosphere. The annealing results in surface reconstruction with shallow facets, which induce the suppression of the YBCO twinning domains, and the preferential alignment of the CuO chains along one of the in-plane directions of the sample. Because of the large mismatch between the in-plane lattice parameters of film and substrate, the strain induced by the MgO into the YBCO layer is strong and very peculiar. The YBCO film is compressed, with respect to the bulk, and presents a unidirectional buckling of the atomic planes, along the chains' direction, due to a deformation of the copper-oxygen octahedra. The YBCO films, which can be grown with thicknesses down to few unit cells and oxygen doping levels spanning most of the superconducting dome, are patterned into nanowires with dimensions down to 50 nm. The anisotropies due to the untwinning state are preserved in these structures; moreover, additional anisotropies appear, in ultrathin structures where strain effects become more pronounced. Such untwinned and compressively strained films can therefore be used as a platform to study the interplay between strain and the various local orders in the normal state of YBCO.
Guiding neutral polar molecules by electromagnetic vortex field

ABSTRACT It is shown, within classical mechanics, that the field of an electromagnetic vortex is capable of capturing and guiding neutral molecules endowed with a permanent electric dipole moment (PEDM). Similarly as in the case of the magnetic field applied to elementary particles or atoms, this effect turns out to be very delicate because of the small values of PEDM observed in real molecules. They amount to (electron charge × fermi) or less, which requires the use of very strong electric fields (reaching ). It has also been observed that there exists a threshold in field strength above which the particles are ejected from the trap. Trajectories of guided particles are usually quite chaotic, which is a consequence of non-linearity of the equations of motion. With a very special and precise adjustment of parameters, a regular (i.e. circular, in the transverse plane) trajectory can be obtained. The presence of an additional constant electric field pointing along the direction of the wave propagation might help to achieve the necessary tuning and realize such trajectories.
Risk of congenital anomalies in infants born to women with autoimmune disease using biologics before or during pregnancy: a population-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVES To determine the association between perinatal biologic use and congenital anomalies in women with autoimmune disease. METHODS We linked population-based administrative health data including information on all medications with a perinatal registry in British Columbia, Canada. Women with one or more autoimmune diseases who had pregnancies between January 1st, 2002 and December 31st, 2012 were included. Exposure to biologics was defined as having at least one biologic prescription 3 months before conception or during the first trimester of pregnancy. Each exposed pregnancy was matched with five unexposed pregnancies using high dimensional propensity scores (HDPS). Logistic regression modelling was used to evaluate the association between biologics use and congenital anomalies. RESULTS The HDPS-matched cohort included 117 pregnancies (107 women) exposed to biologics, and 585 pregnancies (562 women) that were not exposed to biologics during the period of interest; 6% of newborns had ≥1 congenital anomalies at birth, in the exposed and unexposed groups. There were no obvious patterns with regards to the congenital anomalies observed in the biologics exposed group. In primary analysis, the OR for the association between biologic exposure and congenital anomalies was 1.06 (95%CI 0.46-2.47). Secondary and sensitivity analyses did not change the results appreciably. CONCLUSIONS These population-based data suggest that the use of biologics before and during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies.
Numerical classification and ordination of Esenli (Giresun) forest vegetation

The forest vegetation of Esenli Forest Planning Unit was investigated between 2015 and 2018 from the phytosociological point of view. The study area is situated in the Euxine province of Euro-Siberian Region. Phytosociological studies were carried out in accordance with the classical Braun-Blanquet methodology, and 131 relevés were collected during the field survey. The relevés were classified using the Modified TWINSPAN classification, and general distribution patterns of vegetation were analysed using indirect ordination analysis (Principal Component Analysis) with the R-Project available in the JUICE program. In addition to topographic factors, ecological factors were assessed using the mean Ellenberg Indicator Values to observe the ecological relationships among communities. Four new plant associations (Cirsio trachylepidis-Pinetum sylvestris, Angelico sylvestri-Alnetum barbatae, Circaeo lutetianae-Fagetum orientalis, and Veronico chamaedryo-Piceetum orientalis) were described as belonging to humid montane coniferous and thermophilous deciduous forests within four classes. Distribution pattern of plant communities was strictly influenced by altitude, inclination, moisture, nutrient content, and light.
Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B inhibition restores regulatory T cell's function in pulmonary sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease associated with Th1/ regulatory T cells (Treg) paradigm. PI3K/Akt signaling, critical for maintaining Treg's homeostasis, is aberrantly activated in sarcoidosis patients. Here we tested the role of the PI3K inhibitors, LY294002 and BKM120, in immune modulation in experimental pulmonary sarcoidosis, concerning Th1/Th17/Treg immune profile detected by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis or quantitative polymerase chain reaction, as well as the effect on Treg's suppressive functions. Our investigation showed abnormal activation of PI3K/Akt signaling both in lung and Treg in pulmonary sarcoidosis, along with decreased frequency and damaged function of Treg. Blockage of PI3K suppressed this signaling in Treg, rebalanced Th1/Treg, inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced Treg's function. These results demonstrate the key role of the PI3K/Akt signaling in regulating Th1/Th2 rebalances and indicates that PI3K/Akt signaling is critical for the optimal Treg responses in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Thus, PI3K inhibitors have potential for therapeutic translation, and can be candidate for add‐on drugs to treat pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Dynamic task selection in learning arithmetic: The role of learner control and adaptation based on a hierarchy of skills.

Abstract.The effects of locus of instructional control in computer-assisted practice of arithmetic skills and word problem solving were investigated in a field experiment with 13 third grade classes. In a program-controlled condition (n = 95), the selection of practice problems was based on a hypothetical hierarchy of skills. This was expected to regulate cognitive load to a moderate level. In a condition with shared control (n = 89), subjects could select problems from a subset provided by the program. Results show that program-controlled selection of problems based on the hierarchy of skills was more successful in supporting skill development than the students’ selection. In the shared control condition, students tended to select too easy problems, regardless of their level of expertise. Both conditions with computer assisted instruction caused more progress than traditional instruction (n = 94). Ways of improving the regulation of cognitive load within a shared control approach are discussed.
The sonic application of universal adhesives in self-etch mode improves their performance on enamel

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sonic application of universal adhesives on the enamel microshear bond strengths (μSBS), in situ degree of conversion (DC) and etching pattern. Ninety-six extracted third molars were sectioned in four parts (buccal, lingual, proximal) and divided into 12 groups, according to the combination of 1) adhesive system (All-Bond Universal [ABU], G-Bond Plus [GBP], Prime&Bond Elect (PBE), and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive [SBU]), and 2) adhesive application mode (manual active etch-and-rinse [M-ER], manual active self-etch [M-SE], and sonic vibration self-etch [S-SE]). Specimens were stored in water at 37 °C during 24 h and tested at 1.0mm/min (μSBS). DC was evaluated in the enamel-resin interfaces using microRaman spectroscopy. The enamel-etching pattern was evaluated under a fieldemission scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). S-SE application increased μSBS and DC for all universal adhesives when compared to M-SE (p<0.05). S-SE application resulted in mean bond strengths that were statistically similar to those obtained with the respective ER application mode (p>0.05). A deeper enamel-etching pattern was observed for all universal adhesives in the etch-and-rinse strategy. An improvement in etching ability was observed in S-SE application compared to M-SE application. In light of the improved performance of universal adhesives when applied sonically in SE mode, selective enamel etching with phosphoric acid may not be crucial for their adhesion to enamel. The sonic application of universal adhesives in self-etch mode may be a practical alternative to enamel etching.
CURRENT DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS AS APPLICABLE TO THE OLDER PERSON WITHDIABETES

Diabetes is a common chronic disease of older people and is found with increasing frequency with advancing years (1). The true prevalence can only be estimated as probably half of all cases are undiagnosed (2). When the diagnosis is made it is often at a time of an intercurrent illness or a stressful life event. Today the majority of people with Type 2 diabetes could be considered elderly with most being over 60 years of age (3,4). In Western societies, where the population is increasingly aged, the prevalence of diabetes is set to rise further. Population changes in the level of background obesity and increased assimilation of people from ethnic groups with a higher rate of diabetes (3) will also contribute to this rise. Nevertheless diabetes in the older age group is still heterogeneous, consisting of:
DO DISRUPTIVE VISIONS PAY OFF ? THE IMPACT OF DISRUPTIVE FRAMING OF ENTREPRENEURIAL VISIONS ON VENTURE FUNDING

We investigate whether framing an entrepreneurial vision in a disruptive way helps or hampers subsequent investment acquisition. Disruptive framing of entrepreneurial visions refers to the promotion of an interruption or displacement of an existing technology, service, or business model. We contrast this with achievement framing, which communicates previous and current achievements. Drawing from real options theory, we hypothesize that disruptive framing increases the likelihood of getting funded, but attracts fewer amounts. These effects are exacerbated by achievement framing. A novel dataset of Israeli start-ups shows that a standard deviation increase in disruptive vision communication increases the odds of getting funded by 14 percent, but reduces amounts of funds received by 36 percent. In addition, achievement framing complements disruptive framing in the odds of receiving funding, but substitutes it in the amount of funds received. These findings offer new insights on how entrepreneurs frame their innovations in the disruption process.
Superoxide Dismutase 1 ( SOD 1 ) A251G Polymorphism Süperoksit Dismutaz 1 ( SOD 1 ) A251G Polimorfizmi

Objective: A genetic polymorphism of SOD1 A251G ( rs2070424 ) is in the 3rd intron region of the SOD gene. The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of the polymorphisms of the SOD1 A251G in a Turkish population, including 494 healthy individuals. Methods: The 494 Turkish individuals were genotyped for polymorphisms of SOD 1 gene. The distribution of SOD1 A251G polymorphisms in this population was examined using a PCR-RFLP method. Genotype and allele frequencies were estimated by counting. Hardy–Weinberg equation between expected and observed genotype distributions was assessed using the X 2 test. Results: In the present study, the distribution of SOD1 A251G polymorphisms in a Turkish population including 494 (females: 278, 56.3% and males: 216, 43.7%) healthy individuals was examined. The mean age of the study population was 38.4 ± 16.6 years (males, 39.8 ± 17.1; females, 37.3 ± 16.1). The observed genotype frequencies of SOD1 A251G were 86.2, 13.4 and 0.4% for AA, AG and GG , respectively. Conclusions: This study provides basic information about the allele and genotype frequency distributions of polymorphisms in the SOD1 A251G gene studied. These frequencies may be useful parameters as a reference for future studies on genetic basis of various diseases and cancer susceptibility.
3 Faraday Isolators for High Average Power Lasers

The average power of solid-state and fiber lasers has considerably increased during the last ten years. The 10 kW power is not record-breaking any longer, and a topical problem nowadays is to create lasers with a power of 100 kW. Therefore, the study of thermal effects caused by absorption of laser radiation in the bulk of optical elements becomes ever more important. The Faraday isolator (FI) strongly depends on these effects because its magnetooptical elements (MOEs) are relatively long and its absorption α0 is 103.102 сm1, see Table 1. As a result, heat release power is at least tenths of percent of transmitted laser power P0.
Trematoda : Opisthorchiidae ) from Ecuador and phylogenetic implications

Amphimerus Barker, 1911 is a liver fluke infecting several animal species and humans. Being a digenetic trematode of the Opisthorchiidae family, Amphimerus is closely related to the genera Metorchis, Clonorchis and Opisthorchis. Recently, a high prevalence of Amphimerus infection in humans, cats, and dogs had been demonstrated in a tropical Pacific region of Ecuador. Hence, we determined and characterized the entire mt genome sequences of adult liver flukes, morphologically identified as Amphimerus, collected in the endemic region of Ecuador, and examined its phylogenetic relationships with flukes in the Opisthorchiidae family using Bayesian inference (BI) based on the concatenated amino acid sequences and partial cox1 sequences. The complete mt genome sequence (15, 151 bp in length) of the Amphimerus sp. contains 35 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs, without atp8), two rRNAs (rrnL and rrnS) and 21 tRNAs, lacking trnG. The gene content and arrangement of the Ecuadorian Amphimerus mt genome was similar to those of other trematodes in the Opisthorchiidae family. All genes in the circular mt genome of Amphimerus sp. are transcribed from the same strand in one direction, with the A+T content of 60.77%. Genetic distances between Amphimerus sp. and other genera in Opisthorchiidae were rather high, ranging from 26.86% to 28.75% at nucleotide level and 29.37% to 31.12% at amino acid level. Phylogenetic analysis placed the Ecuadorian AC CE PT ED M NU SC RI PT
Diagnostic accuracy and complications of frozen section examination of equivocal malignant testicular masses

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted between 2005 and 2015 at a tertiary care center on patients that underwent testicular exploration through FSE due to EMTM. Diagnostic accuracy measures were obtained, and the short and long-term complications were recorded. The study design was carried out following the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy) recommendations.
National Conference on Conservation Agriculture ( ITM University , Gwalior on 22-23 February , 2018 ) Effect of Organic Manure and Biofertilizers on Growth , Yield and Quality of Strawberry ( Fragaria X ananassa Duch ) CV . Sweet Charlie

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa Duch.) is an important fruit of the genus Fragaria and belongs of the family Rosaceae. Adoption of Strawberry even under subtropical condition is gaining momentum. However, standardization of agro-techniques for the cultivation of Strawberry still needs to be stimulated under subtropical conditions to enhance production and maintain the quality at the same time. The present investigation entitled “Effect of Organic Manure and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) cv Sweet Charlie” was conducted at Research field, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, ITM University Gwalior (M.P.) during the winter season of 2015-16. The experiment comprised of seven treatments viz. T1-control, T2100% FYM, T3100% Poultry Manure, T4100% Vermicompost, T550% Vermicompost + 50% Poultry Manure, T650% Vermicompost + 50% FYM, T7 50% Poultry Manure + 50% FYM, T850% Vermicompost + 50% Poultry Manure + Azotobacter, T950% Vermicompost + 50% FYM + Azotobacter, and T1050% Poultry Manure + 50% FYM + Azotobacter, used as organic manure and biofertilizers. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design replications. The results revealed that the treatment T8 50% Vermicompost + 50% Poultry Manure + Azotobacter was found to be the best among the various treatment and recorded maximum plant height (19.61 cm), number of leaves (21.11), plant spread (24.54), number of flowers (30.41plant), number of fruit (12.41 plant), fruit length (3.70 cm), fruit width ( 3.20cm ), fruit weight (11.83 g). The treatment also recorded the maximum fruit yield ( 144.77 g plant , 2.32 kg plot, and 7.72 t ha) which was followed by T9 50% Vermicompost + 50% FYM + Azotobacter.
International Econometrics and Operations Research Proposal Major : Financial Econometrics Risk tolerance : the reason for gender inequality ?

This paper examines risk tolerance in the context of the allocation of Individual Retirement Account portfolios. The aim of this paper is to get a good understanding of risk tolerance for men and women, and to investigate how this helps explain the difference in wealth between the genders. To do this, the methods of Neelakantan (2009) and a maximum likelihood approach are applied to data of 2006 and 2014 from the Health and Retirement Study. This paper also investigates whether gender affects risk tolerance when controlling for other variables, and whether self-reported risk tolerance can be used to help explain risk tolerance for individuals. This paper finds inconsistent results between samples on differences in risk tolerance and wealth in a cross-sectional setting for 2006. In addition, the part of the wealth gap that can be explained by differences in risk tolerance between men and women has increased between 2006 and 2014 when gender is the only characteristic considered. Furthermore, when controlling for other variables, gender seems to have no significant effect on risk tolerance but ethnicity does. Lastly, this paper finds no significant evidence that self-reported risk tolerance can be used as a proxy for risk tolerance.
Pathological studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli infection in broilers

Colibacillosis is a complex syndrome characterized by multiple organ lesions like air sacculitis, pericarditis, peritonitis, salpingitis, synovitis, osteomyelitis or yolk sac infection. Pathological studies were undertaken on natural cases of avian colibacillosis to study the incidence and pathological lesions of Escherichia coli infection. Samples comprised of mortalities from various poultry farms operating in Srinagar, Pulwama and Ganderbal districts of Kashmir. Gross pathological changes included congestion in various organs, accumulation of fibrin on the liver and heart. Histopathologically, there was fibrinous pericarditis, myocarditis, fibrinous perihepatitis, hepatitis and fatty changes in hepatocytes, interstitial pneumonia, necrosis and depletion of lymphocytes in spleen. It is concluded that pathogenic E. coli in natural cases caused systemic lesions in chicks and also resulted in immunosuppression.