Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RNA synthesis and RNA content of nuclei prepared from hearts during hypertrophy.

Rat heart nuclei were isolated and contents of DNA, RNA and protein, and activity of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase were determined during development of cardiac hypertrophy. Both protein/DNA and RNA/DNA ratios of isolated nuclei were increased within 24 hr after aortic constriction and remained high for a two weeks' observation period, suggesting an increased RNA synthesis and enlargement of nuclei. The apparent activity of polymerase of the control hearts measured in the presence of Mn2+ and (NH4)2 SO4 was 2·5-fold higher than that measured in the presence of Mg2 + . The activity in the sham-operated rats was elevated in the first three days. The increase in RNA polymerase activity after aortic banding was biphasic in that an early, transient increase was observed at 4 hr after the operation and a later and greater increase appeared at approximately 24 hr and remained at a high level for several days. The early increase in the Mg2 + activated system was 109% and the Mn2+ system 169%, whereas at the peak that appeared on the third-fourth day the respective increases were 618% and 310%. The results suggest a predominant synthesis of messenger RNA at the early stage of hypertrophy followed later by an increased synthesis of ribosomal RNA.
Akt/PKB activation in gastric carcinomas correlates with clinicopathologic variables and prognosis

Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) plays an important role in cell survival. However, the role of Akt in the biology of gastric cancer has not been well studied. We sought to investigate the expression of Akt or phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) in human gastric carcinomas and to analyze the relationship between Akt or pAkt and the clinicopathologic parameters. The expressions of Akt and pAkt were evaluated immunohistochemically in 311 gastric carcinomas using the tissue array method. Akt expression was detected in 74% of the tumors and pAkt expression in 78%. pAkt was highly expressed in the early stage of pTNM (p=0.011). We also found an inverse association between pAkt and lymphatic invasion (p=0.01) or lymph node metastasis (p=0.008). pAkt expression was significantly correlated with a higher survival in patients with stage I carcinomas (p=0.0003). Interestingly, combined evaluation revealed that the group with pAkt‐positive and lymph node‐negative carcinomas showed a better prognosis than the other groups (p<0.0001). In addition, pAkt was shown to correlate positively with APC (p=0.002) and Smad4 (p<0.0001) expression. These findings suggest that pAkt expression may help to predict the clinical outcome of gastric cancer patients.
The effect of noise on ears with a hole in the vestibule

Conclusion: A hole in the vestibule of the inner ear leads to augmentation of the hearing loss following noise exposure. Further research is needed to ascertain the mechanism. Objectives: The possible effects of a hole in the wall of the inner ear at the vestibule on noise-induced hearing loss were assessed. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 14 sand rats. Of these 14 animals, 10 underwent baseline auditory nerve and brainstem evoked response (ABR) threshold measurements in each ear separately (insert earphone), opening of middle ear bulla in both ears and drilling of a hole in the vestibule of one inner ear. The other ear was sham-operated. Following immediate re-assessment of ABR threshold, the 10 animals were exposed to 113 dB SPL broadband noise during 4 nights, and 3 days later ABR measurements were repeated. Four additional animals with a hole in one vestibule, not exposed to noise, served as controls. Results: Following noise exposure, ABR thresholds were elevated by 28.5 ± 9.1 dB in the ears with the hole, and by 15.5 ± 7.2 dB in the opposite ear without the hole (significant difference, p < 0.003). In the four control ears, ABR threshold was not elevated a week after drilling the hole.
The Effects of Fatal Vision Goggles on Drinking and Driving Intentions in College Students

The present study was designed to examine the effectiveness of Fatal Vision Goggles in reducing intentions to drink and drive. Participants performed a field sobriety task and drove in a traffic simulator while wearing the goggles. A regression analysis was performed in order to predict changes in intentions to drink and drive, using typical drinking patterns, perceived likelihood of getting into a collision when drinking and driving, self efficacy, and driving independence as predictor variables. Results showed that drinking and driving intentions were reduced following the use of Fatal Vision Goggles among those that typically drink more during outings, among those that believe the likelihood of collisions when drinking and driving are greater, and among those less likely to drive to achieve independence and autonomy. These results indicate that Fatal Vision Goggles can be an effective tool in altering drinking and driving attitudes among drivers with specific attitudinal and personal characteristics.
The therapy of gastrointestinal infections associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Although there have been dramatic strides in the therapy of human immunodeficiency virus infection over the last few years, the number of infected people world‐wide is tremendous and, at least in developing countries, continues to expand. Complications which involve the gastrointestinal tract are common in these patients, because the gut is a major site for involvement by opportunistic infections and neoplasms in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is important to recognize the clinical spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases, as well as the appropriate and most cost‐effective diagnostic strategies, as therapies for a number of these disorders are both widely available and highly effective. This review summarizes the major gastrointestinal infections which are seen in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and their treatment.
SIX Prediction , Information Structure , and GoodEnough Language Processing

Psych ISSN http: The good-enough language processing approach emphasizes people’s tendency to generate superficial and even inaccurate interpretations of sentences. At the same time, a number of researchers have argued that prediction plays a key role in comprehension, allowing people to anticipate features of the input and even specific upcoming words based on sentential constraint. In this chapter, we review evidence from our lab supporting both approaches, even though at least superficially these two perspectives seem incompatible. We then argue that what allows us to link good-enough processing and prediction is the concept of information structure, which states that sentences are organized to convey both given or presupposed information, ology of Learning and Motivation, Volume 65 0079-7421 //dx.doi. org/10.1016/bs.plm. 2016.04. 002 © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 217 j 218 Fernanda Ferreira and Matthew W. Lowder and new or focused information. Our fundamental proposal is that given or presupposed information is processed in a good-enough manner, while new or focused information is the target of the comprehender’s prediction efforts. The result is a theory that brings together three different literatures that have been treated almost entirely independently, and which can be evaluated using a combination of behavioral, computational, and neural methods.
A Novel Mechanism for Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibition from the Crystal Structure of Its Complex with Catechol Estrogen*

Catechol estrogens are steroid metabolites that elicit physiological responses through binding to a variety of cellular targets. We show here that catechol estrogens directly inhibit soluble adenylyl cyclases and the abundant trans-membrane adenylyl cyclases. Catechol estrogen inhibition is non-competitive with respect to the substrate ATP, and we solved the crystal structure of a catechol estrogen bound to a soluble adenylyl cyclase from Spirulina platensis in complex with a substrate analog. The catechol estrogen is bound to a newly identified, conserved hydrophobic patch near the active center but distinct from the ATP-binding cleft. Inhibitor binding leads to a chelating interaction between the catechol estrogen hydroxyl groups and the catalytic magnesium ion, distorting the active site and trapping the enzyme substrate complex in a non-productive conformation. This novel inhibition mechanism likely applies to other adenylyl cyclase inhibitors, and the identified ligand-binding site has important implications for the development of specific adenylyl cyclase inhibitors.
A read-static-noise-margin-free SRAM cell for low-V/sub dd/ and high-speed applications

A read-static-noise-margin-free SRAM cell consists of seven transistors, several of which are low-V, NMOS transistors used to achieve both low-V/sub dd/ and high-speed operation. A 64 kb SRAM macro is fabricated in 90 nm CMOS technology. Both a minimum V/sub dd/ of 440 mV and a 20 ns access time with a 0.5 V supply are obtained.
Arbitrarily varying channels with constrained inputs and states

Random coding theorems are proved for discrete memoryless arbitrarily varying channels (AVCs) with constraints on the transmitted codewords and channel state sequences. Two types of constraints are considered: peak (i.e. required for each n-length sequence almost surely) and average (over the message set or over an ensemble). For peak constraints on the codewords and on the channel state sequences, the AVC is shown to have a (strong) random coding capacity. If the codewords and/or the channel state sequences are constrained in the average sense, the AVCs do not possess (strong) capacities; only epsilon -capacities are shown to exist. >
Potential involvement of the interaction between insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)‐6 and LIM mineralization protein (LMP)‐1 in regulating osteoblast differentiation

Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)‐6 has been reported to inhibit differentiation of myoblasts and osteoblasts. In the current study, we explored the mechanisms underlying IGFBP‐6 effects on osteoblast differentiation. During MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast differentiation, we found that IGFBP‐6 protein was down‐regulated. Overexpression of IGFBP‐6 in MC3T3‐E1 and human bone cells inhibited nodule formation, osteocalcin mRNA expression and ALP activity. Furthermore, accumulation of IGFBP‐6 in the culture media was not required for any of these effects suggesting that IGFBP‐6 suppressed osteoblast differentiation by an intracellular mechanism. A yeast two‐hybrid screen of an osteosarcoma library was conducted to identify intracellular binding partners to account for IGFBP‐6 inhibitory effects on osteoblast differentiation. LIM mineralizing protein (LMP‐1) was identified as a high affinity IGFBP‐6 binding partner. Physical interaction between IGFBP‐6 and LMP‐1 was confirmed by co‐immunoprecipitation. Fluorescent protein fusion constructs for LMP‐1 and IGFBP‐6 were transiently transfected into osteoblasts to provide evidence of subcellular locations for each protein. Coexpression of LMP‐1‐GFP and IGFBP‐6‐RFP resulted in overlapping subcellular localization of LMP‐1 and IGFBP‐6. To determine if there was a functional association of IGFBP‐6 and LMP‐1 as well as a physical association, we studied the effect of IGFBP‐6, LMP‐1 and their combination on type I procollagen promoter activity. LMP‐1 increased promoter activity while IGFBP‐6 reduced promoter activity, and coexpression of LMP‐1 with IGFBP‐6 abrogated IGFBP‐6 suppression. These studies provide evidence that overexpression of IGFBP‐6 suppresses human and murine osteoblast differentiation, that IGFBP‐6 and LMP‐1 physically interact, and supports the conclusion that this interaction may be functionally relevant. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1890–1905, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Profile-based circumstances for productivity measurement

– The purpose of this paper is to identify the specific circumstances which require productivity information. It aims to help support the promotion of productivity for manufacturing firms belonging to the Federation of Thai Industries or FTI. , – The analysis is based on survey data collected from FTI‐based manufacturing firms. There are five profiles: industrial type; size; years operating in business; ownership; and targeted customer to be studied in a pair‐wise circumstance. There are 40 companies that participated in this study. The statistical analyses include general linear mode with ANOVA. Altogether, there are a total of 138 circumstances (pair‐wise profiles) under study. , – In general, productivity information is important as indicated from most circumstances – the must‐measure and require‐to‐measure circumstances. The findings also indicate that there is no specific prediction for particular circumstances (e.g. the larger‐size firms with longer years operating in business need productivity information than the smaller ones). , – The results show that there is no need for the FTI to single out specific groups to focus on productivity‐measurement efforts. The study helps gain better understanding into the issues regarding when‐to‐measure productivity. It is generally known that there are a few measurement techniques that are communicated to the FTI firms on a regular basis such as multi‐factor productivity measurement and value‐added productivity measurement – what to measure. In addition, their applications are primarily at the organizational and production levels – where‐to‐measure. The process to deploy these measurement techniques is well known and documented – how‐to‐measure. , – The findings support the use of both financial and non‐financial information to ensure an effective management process (i.e. measurement, analysis, and improvement).
La relation texte / image essai de modelisation dans un corpus geographique

Dans les documents electroniques disponibles sur le web, la relation texte/image n'existe souvent que grace a de simples liens hypermedia les reliant dans leur globalite. Or il existe des relations plus fines entre ces deux media. Le concept de liens multi-echelles propose ici prend en compte ces relations a travers un systeme de liens d'unites d'informations, refletant la granularite de l'information contenue dans les deux media. Les liens globaux relient les images et leur commentaire, les liens d'unites d'informations minimales relient des expressions linguistiques du texte aux objets contenus dans l'image auxquels elles referent, et les liens intermediaires relient des ensembles d'expressions linguistiques avec des ensembles d'objets. La modelisation de la relation texte/image dans un corpus geographique a consiste a appliquer les liens multi-echelles entre une carte et son commentaire. La creation du lien global est basee sur une hypothese de distribution du vocabulaire dans le document, associee a un aspect psychocognitif lie a la memoire de travail. Un lien minimal relie une expression linguistique et une zone de la carte referant a une meme entite georeferencee. Pour creer ces liens minimaux, il a ete necessaire de modeliser l'information geographique afin de s'abstraire des representations graphique et textuelle. Cette modelisation a conduit a sept classes d'expressions de l'information geographique permettant alors de creer un systeme d'extraction et d'interpretation des unites d'informations dans le texte afin de delimiter les zones auxquelles elles referent. La derniere partie de nos travaux est une etude basee sur les variations de teintes dans la carte afin d'extraire les unites d'informations graphiques, etude en partie validee par une premiere experimentation. Pour terminer nous proposons deux techniques permettant de tisser des liens entre les unites d'informations graphiques et textuelles.
Vergence Adaptive Changes with Varying Magnitudes of Prism‐Induced Disparities and Fusional Amplitudes

ABSTRACT Vergence adaptation response monitored with various prism disparities demonstrated that the rates of adaptation decreased as the prismatic effect was increased. However, the amount adapted increased with the increase in the value of the prism until this value fell outside the fusional amplitude; the amount adapted then decreased. However, a large disparity can be adapted to with ease if the prismatic effect is increased gradually in small steps. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.
Group-Based Self-Evaluation Outside of the Laboratory: Effects of Global Versus Contextual Status

An event-contingent diary methodology was used to study the impact of intergroup and intragroup factors on self-evaluations in naturally occurring groups. Participants reported their contextual group status, group identification, and self-evaluations each time they self-categorized as a group member throughout a 1- week period. Indicators of global group status, interdependence, and permeability of group boundaries also were obtained. Multilevel modeling revealed that contextual status and global status interacted to predict self-evaluations. Contextual status had a stronger relationship with self-evaluations for members of global low-status groups than for members of high-status groups. Analyses of intragroup factors revealed that greater group interdependence but not permeability of group boundaries also was associated with higher self-evaluations. The effects of both contextual status and group interdependence were mediated by group identification.
Roles of the ERK, JNK/AP‐1/cyclin D1–CDK4 pathway in silica‐induced cell cycle changes in human embryo lung fibroblast cells

Silica is a potent occupational fibrogenic agent capable of inducing lung fibrosis and many other lung diseases. Our current study focused on the signalling pathways regulating cell cycle changes in HELF (human embryo lung fibroblast) after silica (α‐quartz) exposure. Our results showed silica exposure could lead to cell cycle changes. The cell cycle alternations were accompanied with overexpression of cyclin D1 and CDK4 (cyclin‐dependent kinase 4) in a time‐dependent manner. Silica exposure also decreased E2F‐4 expression in HELF. These changes were blocked by overexpression of dominant‐negative mutants of ERK (extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase) or the JNK (stress‐activated c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase), respectively. Moreover, pretreatment of cells with curcumin, an activation of AP‐1 (activator protein‐1) inhibitor, inhibited silica‐induced cell cycle alteration, the decreased expression of E2F‐4 and overexpression of cyclin D1 and CDK4. Furthermore, both antisense cyclin D1 and antisense CDK4 can block silica‐induced cell cycle changes. These results suggest that silica exposure can induce cell cycle changes, which may be mediated through ERK, JNK/AP‐1/cyclin D1–CDK4‐dependent pathway.
Pattern formation by a cell surface-associated morphogen in Myxococcus xanthus

In response to starvation, an unstructured population of identical Myxococcus xanthus cells rearranges into an asymmetric, stable pattern of multicellular fruiting bodies. Central to this pattern formation process are changes in organized cell movements from swarming to aggregation. Aggregation is induced by the cell surface-associated C-signal. To understand how aggregation is accomplished, we have analyzed how C-signal modulates cell behavior. We show that C-signal induces a motility response that includes increases in transient gliding speeds and in the duration of gliding intervals and decreases in stop and reversal frequencies. This response results in a switch in cell behavior from an oscillatory to a unidirectional type of behavior in which the net-distance traveled by a cell per minute is increased. We propose that the C-signal-dependent regulation of the reversal frequency is essential for aggregation and that the remaining C-signal-dependent changes in motility parameters contribute to aggregation by increasing the net-distance traveled by starving cells per minute. In our model for symmetry-breaking and aggregation, C-signal transmission is a local event involving direct contacts between cells that results in a global organization of cells. This pattern formation mechanism does not require a diffusible substance or other actions at a distance. Rather it depends on contact-induced changes in motility behavior to direct cells appropriately
Psychometric Properties of the HEXACO Personality Inventory

We introduce a personality inventory designed to measure six major dimensions of personality derived from lexical studies of personality structure. The HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO-PI) consists of 24 facet-level personality trait scales that define the six personality factors named Honesty-Humility (H), Emotionality (E), Extraversion (X), Agreeableness (A), Conscientiousness (C), and Openness to Experience (O). In this validation study involving a sample of over 400 respondents, all HEXACO-PI scales showed high internal consistency reliabilities, conformed to the hypothesized six-factor structure, and showed adequate convergent validities with external variables. The HEXACO factor space, and the rotations of factors within that space, are discussed with reference to J. S. Wiggins' work on the circumplex.
Prediction of Estimated Fetal Weight in Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates (500-1000 g)

This retrospective analysis of 76 extremely low birth weight neonates (500-1000 g) compared the actual birth weight with the estimated fetal weight derived from 20 published formulas. In our population, Rose's formula (natural log of birth weight = 0.143 x (biparietal diameter + mean abdominal diameter + femur length) + 4.198] had the smallest standard deviation and the best r2 (69 g and 0.780, respectively). The maximum estimated fetal weight underestimate and overestimate were 95 and 159 g, respectively. Using this formula, 46 of 63 (73%) of the estimated fetal weights were within 10% of the birth weight and 56 of 63 (89%) were within (+/-) 100 g of the birth weight. No formula was found to be statistically different by pooled estimate of differences of slopes. When only the biparietal diameter and abdominal wall circumference were available, the Shepard revision of the Warsof equation gave standard deviation 81.7 g and r2 of 0.748; 53 of 67 estimated weights (79%) were within 100 g of the birth weight. When only femur length and mean abdominal diameter were available, the Rose 3 formula [natural log of birth weight = 0.2053 (femur length + mean abdominal diameter) + 4.3726] gave a standard deviation of 89.9 g and r2 of 0.658. Fifty-seven of 71 estimated weights (80%) were within 100 g of the actual birth weight. This study, the largest comparison of formulas to estimate the birth weight of 500-1000-g fetuses, found that no formula estimated fetal weight significantly more accurately than any other.
The Interaction of Dithiothreitol and Acetyl Coenzyme A in a Radiochemical Assay for Rat Brain ATP:Citrate Oxaloacetate Lyase

Abstract: [14C]Acetyl‐CoA was found to react spontaneously with dithiothreitol to give a relatively apolar product which was readily extractable into a butanol‐toluene scintillant. This technique was used in a rapid, reproducible assay for rat brain ATP:citrate lyase using [1,5‐14C]citrate as substrate. The tissue extract, a 14,000 g supernatant, exhibited a lyase activity of approximately 7 nmol acetyl‐CoA produced/min per mg supernatant protein, and was inhibited ≥79% by α‐ketoglutaric acid (10 mm), Cu2+ (1 mm)and Zn2+(1 mm). [14C]Oxaloacetate, [14C]malate and endogenous citrate synthase were found not to interfere significantly with lyase estimations, but NADH was required in the reaction mixture to inhibit acetyl‐CoA hydrolase activity.