Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological and biochemical evaluation of selected almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb] genotypes in northern Serbia

In order to determine the overall degree of polymorphism and detect similarities among genotypes, 19 almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) genotypes were studied. Variation in traits related to phenology, morphology, and fruit quality was observed, and the results indicated a high morphological diversity of almond genotypes. Th e majority of important correlations were determined among the traits representing nut size (nut width, nut length, nut thickness, and nut weight) and leaf size (leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area). Th e lack of correlation between kernel size and chemical compounds enables the creation of a new almond cultivar with large kernels and improved quality. Principal component analysis showed considerable phenotypic diversity among the almond genotypes. Parameters with high discriminating values were those related to nut, kernel, and leaf size; ripening time; and tree habit. Genotypes B/04, 1/03, and 28/03 were singled out as the most promising for breeding and commercial growing.
Heavy metals contamination in silver, common and grass carp caught from Zarivar Lake, western Iran

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the level of contamination of three heavy metal (Cd, Hg and As) concentrations in the muscle tissue of three important hunting species including Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella caught from the Zarivar Lake during 2013. Concentrations of Cd and As were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry and concentration of Hg was measured using a direct mercury analyzer after acid digestion. Metal levels measured in silver carp were in the following ranges (µg g −1 ): Cd 0.056-0.091, Hg 0.0090. 019 and As 0.003-0.013. Metal ranges in common carp were (µg g −1 ): Cd 0.044-0.093, Hg 0.03-0.011 and As 0.004-0.006. Metal level ranges measured in grass carp were (µg g −1 ): Cd 0.004-0.012, Hg 0.025-0.041 and As 0.009-0.013. Significant differences in metal concentrations were found among fish species. The results presented on metal contents in the examined species give an indication of the environmental conditions. Concentrations of Cd, Hg and As obtained were far below the established values by the European Community regulations and FAO/WHO. Therefore, their contribution to the total body burden of these heavy metals can be considered as negligibly small.
The relation between obesity, physical activity and socioeconomic status among girl students living in northern Tehran

Background: Researchers have focused on obesity as a multidimensional phenomenon and its incidence may be affected by some biological, cultural and social factors. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between obesity, physical activity and socioeconomic status among girl students living in northern Tehran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 488 elementary students (7-11 years) were randomly selected from elementary schools in northern Tehran (Shemiranat district). The waist and hip circumferences, height and weight of subjects were measured using the standard methods. Body mass index (BMI) percentage was calculated through CDC2000. Nicolas Barbosa questionnaire consisting students' demographic information and the physical activity levels were completed by subjects. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation. Results: While a negative correlation was detected between BMI and physical activity (P<0.025), there was a significant correlation between socioeconomic status and BMI (P<0.013) and between socioeconomic status and physical activity (P=0.001). Conclusion: Considering the importance of daily physical activity in the prevention of obesity among children, it is highly recommended. Keywords: Elementary school children, Obesity, Physical activity, Socioeconomic status,
Impact of Hardiness on Academic Performance of College Students

Young adulthood is a stage of significance in the developmental cycle of each human being. An important role is played by the teachers and peers in the overall personality development of individuals. Hardiness is a personality style that shows commitment, control and challenge. Academic performance refers to the degree of success or failure attained in some specific area concerning scholastic.
Plasma levels of irisin in children with idiopathic premature adrenarche

Background: Premature adrenarche (PA) is characterized by presence of isolated pubic and/or axillary hair, acne and body odor before age 8(9) in girls (boys). These individuals are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and polycistic ovarian syndrome. Irisin seems to have an active role in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, however little is known about this hormone in PA. Objective: To analyze irisin levels in children diagnosed with PA and its relationship with their body composition. Methodology: Exploratory cross-sectional study that evaluated 15 children with PA and 15 matched controls (C). Anthropometric data were measured: height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and triceps skinfold. Fasting blood glucose(G), insulin(I), 17OHP, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, DHEA-S, 25(OH)D and irisin levels were determined. Results: The levels (mean±SEM) of triglycerides [99±14, 8mg/dl (C); 68±9, 1mg/dl (AP)] and 25(OH) D [26±0, 9ng/ml(C); 30.2±1.6ng/ml (AP)] were significantly different between the groups. WC above p90 and G/ I<7 were found in 6.7% of the C group versus 33.3% and 20% of the PA group, respectively. Conclusions: PA children presented a lower G/I and a higher waist WC compared to the C group, suggesting an increased risk of metabolic disease. Irisin levels were not different between the groups. The significantly higher levels of TGs from the C group may be related to their reduced levels of 25(OH) D, which may also have masked differences in irisin levels. This study suggests that determination of vitamin D levels may be necessary to evaluate metabolic data, based on the significant frequency of this hormone insufficiency/deficiency in the pediatric population.
Explaining Credit Spreads and Volatility Smirk : A Uni ed Framework

We demonstrate that incorporating severe economic conditions in a consumptionbased equilibrium model can jointly explain empirical facts in both credit and option markets. Model-implied credit spreads and smirk premia respond monotonically to the severity of the Peso problem1. However, while the credit spread is countercyclical, the smirk is a poor proxy for economic states. Our model captures observed levels and volatility of credit spreads at di¤erent maturities, and generates desirable shapes of the spread term structure with a good time series t. Simultaneously, it matches the volatility smirk for index options and the rst two moments of government bonds and aggregate stock. JEL code: C60, G12, G13 Key words: credit spread, default risk premium, smirk premium, habit formation, peso problem We acknowledge the nancial support from the Hong Kong RGC Research Grant (HKUST 641208).
Is It Abuse, Alienation, and/or Estrangement?

Abstract Allegations of family violence, child abuse, and alienation often occur in the same contested child custody case. Custody eval-uators often are poorly trained in forensic assessment of allegations of domestic violence and allegations of alienation. The authors of this article suggest language that is designed to differentiate between cases in which the term alienation is appropriate, as in non-abuse cases, and when it is best to use other language such as estrangement sabotaging, and counter productive protective parenting in cases where there is abuse. This article describes a decision tree that is designed to assist evaluators in identifying the causes of multiple allegations of maltreatment and abuse.
On the Contribution of Demographic Change to Aggregate Poverty Measures for the Developing World

Recent literature and new data help determine plausible bounds to some key demographic differences between the poor and non-poor in the developing world. The paper estimates that selective mortality — whereby poorer people tend to have higher death rates — accounts for 10-30% of the developing world’s trend rate of “$1 a day” poverty reduction in the 1990s. However, in a neighborhood of plausible estimates, differential fertility — whereby poorer people tend also to have higher birth rates — has had a more than offsetting poverty-increasing effect. The net impact of differential natural population growth represents 1050% of the trend rate of poverty reduction.
Therapeutic Effects of Music: A Review

Introduction: Side effects of most synthetic drugs used in the treatment of various diseases have led researchers around the world to conduct studies on the identification of alternative therapies. In this vein, the present study aims to review the research carried out in association with the therapeutic effects of music used in the treatment of relatively common diseases. Methods: To develop this review article, researchers conducted some computer search using keywords in databases including Google scholar, SID, Iranmedex, Medline, PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, ProQuest, and ISC, and collected and probed the results of over 100 published articles from 2000 to 2018 dealing with the effect of music therapy in the treatment of 12 relatively common diseases. Results: The findings show that music therapy has a positive effect on the treatment of the diseases studied. Conclusion: Music can have positive effects on pain, sleep disorders, learning, memory, IQ, depression, anxiety and special diseases such as schizophrenia and autism.
Measuring the Rural and Urban Attitudes towards Wetlands Using the New Ecological Paradigm: Setiu Wetlands, Malaysia

This study addresses the attitudes of the urban and rural dwellers towards Setiu Wetlands conservation. The New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale is adopted to measure the degree of environmental concern. A series of factor analysis and regression is applied to analyze the urban-rural attitudes and three factors structure of attitudes to wetland conservation is suggested. The urban-rural residential variable is able to predict in part the overall NEP scores and element of anti-anthropocentrism, where the urban communities are more positive towards wetland conservation. Therefore, outreach efforts are suggested in the rural population. © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. Keywords : Setiu Wetlands conservation; urban-rural attitudes, New Ecological Paradigm
The Photodynamic Bone Stabilization System in the Treatment of Humerus Fractures: A Prospective Clinical Trial

Background Fractures of the proximal humerus are among the most common long-bone fractures and present unique challenges to surgeons. Traditional internal fixation methods, such as intramedullary nails, are associated with drawbacks such as an inability to fully fill the trabecular space and a limited ability to utilize supplemental hardware in many cases. We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of a novel fracture fixation device that utilizes a light-cured monomer to stabilize the fracture in a cohort of patients suffering from humerus fractures. Methods We prospectively collected data from patients being treated surgically for humerus fractures. Fractures were treated using the photodynamic bone stabilization system (PBSS) consisting of a balloon and light-cured monomer. Patients were evaluated at 7-14, 30, 60, 90, 180, and 360 days post-procedure. Primary outcomes included normal and complete radiographic fracture healing. Secondary outcomes included pain (via visual analog scale), function (via the disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) and constant shoulder scales), and the rate of complications. Results A total of 33 patients were included in the intent-to-treat analysis (mean age: 76.6 yrs). Of these patients, 88% demonstrated normal radiographic healing at their 90-, 180-, and 360-day visits. Complete radiographic healing was observed in 81%, 88%, and 96% of patients at 90, 180, and 360 days, respectively. Pain scores decreased significantly at day seven when compared with baseline (28.2+20.9 vs.53.6+32.2, p<0.001) and continued to decrease at the 90-day (24.7+15.5, p<0.001), 180-day (17.8+12.5, p<0.001) and 360-day (6.6+6.7, p<0.001) evaluations. DASH scores demonstrated statistically significant improvements over baseline (65.5+31.5) at 90 (37.0+14.9, p<0.001), 180 (30.6+15.7, p<0.001), and 360 days (23.9+15.0, p<0.001) post-procedure. The procedure-related event rate was 36.4%, with 5 (11.4%) device-related adverse events reported at the one-year follow-up. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the ability of a novel internal fixation device to safely and effectively treat fractures of the humerus in the elderly population.
Willow biomass energy generation efficiency and greenhouse gas reduction potential

This study evaluates the efficiency of energy generation from willow chips and analyses the potential to reduce GHG emissions depending on the biomass transport distance to a conversion facility. The potential amount of electrical energy ranged from 59.2 GJ·ha to 136.8 GJ·ha when produced using combustion and co-combustion, respectively. The total energy in CHP generation ranged from 295.9 GJ·ha to 321.8 GJ·ha for gasification and co-combustion, respectively. It should be stressed that the largest amount of energy was produced using combustion in a heat-only boiler station. Total GHG emissions from willow chips production and transport of 25 km was 73.0 kgCO2 eq.·Mg -1 d.m. Increasing the transport distance to 50, 100, and 200 km resulted in the growth of GHG emissions by 6%, 17%, and 39%, respectively. The highest potential for reducing GHG emissions (62.5 MgCO2 eq.·ha ) was achieved in a heat-only boiler station with the shortest transport distance. The index was 3-11% lower when energy was generated in CHP systems. The lowest potential for the reduction of GHG emissions was achieved in biomass conversion to electrical energy in the combustion process.
Observations of Acyl Peroxy Nitrates During the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ)

We report on measurements of acyl peroxy nitrates (APNs) obtained from two ground sites and the NSF/National Center for Atmospheric Research C‐130 aircraft during the 2014 Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ). The relative abundance of the APNs observed at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) indicates that anthropogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the dominant drivers of photochemistry during days with the most elevated peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). Reduced major axis regression between propionyl peroxynitrate (PPN) and PAN observed at BAO and from the C‐130 produced a slope of 0.21 (R2 = 0.92). Periods of lower PPN/PAN ratios (~0.10) were associated with cleaner background air characterized by lower ammonia and formic acid abundances. The abundance of methacryloyl peroxynitrate relative to PAN only exceeded 0.05 at BAO when PAN mixing ratios were <300 parts per trillion by volume, implying low influence of isoprene oxidation during periods with substantial local PAN production. We show an example of a day (19 July) where high O3 was not accompanied by enhanced local PAN production. The contribution of biogenic VOCs to local O3 production on the other days in July with elevated O3 (22, 23, 28, and 29 July 2014) was small; evidence is provided in the high abundance of PPN to PAN (slopes between 0.18 and 0.26). The PAN chemistry observed from surface and aircraft platforms during FRAPPÉ implies that anthropogenic VOCs played a dominant role in PAN production during periods with the most O3 and that the relative importance of biogenic hydrocarbon chemistry decreased with increasing O3 production during FRAPPÉ.
Processing filler-gap dependencies in an L2: An Event-Related Potential study

The present study investigated second language (L2) learners’ processing of filler-gap dependencies and tested the implications of Clahsen and Felser’s (2006) shallow structure hypothesis according to which L2 learners underuse syntactic information during the processing of these sentence types. Advanced L2 learners of English (native Swedish speakers) listened to English sentences with object-relative, subject-relative and finite complement clauses. Event-related potentials were recorded at the word that, the embedded verb and the following word: a prepositional phrase, a semantically congruent or incongruent noun phrase or an extra noun phrase ungrammatically occupying the canonical object position after the verb in object-relative clauses. Compared to correct sentences, the extra noun phrase elicited a late positivity with a central-posterior distribution (P600). No increased negativity indicating problems with semantic processing (N400) was observed, suggesting that the extra noun phrase was initially interpreted as the object of the verb, and the integration of the clause-initial noun phrase (the filler) with the verb was delayed. The syntactic violation involved in this interpretation led to syntactic repair processes reflected in the P600 effect. The relative pronoun that in object-relative clauses gave rise to an enhanced negativity over anterior and central sites probably indexing storage of the filler in working memory. Finally, semantically anomalous nouns yielded a P600 but no N400 effect in grammatically correct complement clauses, which was interpreted to reflect the conflict between the relations dictated by the syntactic structure and the alternative thematic relationships that might be established to make sense of these sentences. The observation that participants relied on both syntactic and semantic information during sentence comprehension is not consistent with Clahsen and Felser’s proposal. The results of this study suggest that learners might differ from native speakers in terms of processing speed, which potentially affects the relative order and nature of interaction of different subprocesses involved in sentence comprehension.
Events Constitute Criteria A 1 of PTSD ? The Phenomenology of Psychological Trauma in Youth

The aim of this study was to explore the phenomenology of psychological trauma in youth. It was hypothesized that events reported as traumatic could be classified into one of seventeen trauma categories, that levels of impairment in traumatized youth would be higher than levels of impairment in non-traumatized youth, and that traumatic events reported would be differentially related to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and types of cognitive errors. Information regarding traumas and PTSD symptoms was collected through The Child PTSD Checklist from a sample of youth aged 6 to 17. A coding system was developed for classification of traumatic events. The expression symptom and impairment levels were evaluated through parent and child report. The coding system had Cohen’s Kappas ranging from . 78-1.00. Findings indicate that traumatized youth demonstrate higher levels of impairment than non-traumatized youth, and that traumatic events are not differentially related to PTSD symptoms or cognitive errors.
Algorithms composition approach based on difference potentials method for parabolic problems

In this work we develop an efficient and flexible Algorithms Composition Approach based on the idea of the difference potentials method (DPM) for parabolic problems in composite and complex domains. Here, the parabolic equation serves both as the simplified model, and as the first step towards future development of the proposed framework for more realistic systems of materials, fluids, or chemicals with different properties in the different domains. Some examples of such models include the ocean-atmosphere models, chemotaxis models in biology, and blood flow models. Very often, such models are heterogeneous systems described by different types of partial differential equations (PDEs) in different domains, and they have to take into consideration the complex structure of the computational subdomains. The major challenge here is to design an efficient and flexible numerical method that can capture certain properties of analytical solutions in different domains, while handling the arbitrary geometries and complex structures of the subdomains. The Algorithms Compositions principle, as well as the Domain Decomposition idea, are one ways to overcome these difficulties while developing very efficient and accurate numerical schemes for the problems. The Algorithms Composition Approach proposed here can handle the complex geometries of the domains without the use of unstructured meshes, and can be employed with fast Poisson solvers. Our method combines the simplicity of the finite difference methods on Cartesian meshes with the flexibility of the Difference Potentials method. The developed method is very well suited for parallel computations as well, since most of the computations in each domain are performed independently of the others. AMS subject classification: 65M06, 65M22, 65M55, 65M70, 35K05, 35K20
Financial Policy Announcement Efficiency in Financial Crisis

In 2008 financial crisis, stock market turned highly volatile while U.S. government had proposed a series of policies rescuing the economy. This study examines convergence to market efficiency from government financial policies. We find a significant impact of contemporaneous order imbalance on return, while the relation between return and lagged imbalances is insignificant, implying that lagged order imbalances have no predictability on return. From a time-varying GARCH model, we find that explaining power of order imbalance on return declining, implying that volatility plays an important role in return-order imbalance relation. We take a further step to find that there is no strong direct relationship between order imbalances and stock volatility. The story casts on market maker behaviors. Market makers accommodate high inventory levels to mitigate stock volatility on financial policies announcements. An imbalance based trading strategy we develop fails to beat the market. It supports financial policy announcement efficiency.