Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metformin Affects Cortical Bone Mass and Marrow Adiposity in Diet‐Induced Obesity in Male Mice

&NA; Obesity during maturation can affect the growing skeleton directly and indirectly, although these effects and the mechanisms behind them are not fully understood. Our objective was to determine how a high‐fat diet with or without metformin treatment affects skeletal development. We also sought to characterize changes that occur in white adipose tissue, circulating metabolites, lipids, and gut microbiota. A diet‐induced obesity C57BL/6J mouse model was used to test the effects of obesity and metformin on bone using bone histomorphometry and microcomputed tomography. Bone marrow adipose tissue was quantified with osmium tetroxide microcomputed tomography and histology. Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry was used to analyze body composition. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess changes in white adipose depots, mass spectrometry was used for circulating lipids and protein metabolite analysis, and ribosomal RNA sequencing was used for gut microbiome analysis. Mice fed a high fat‐diet since wean displayed increased medullary areas and decreased osteoblast numbers in the long bones; this phenotype was partially normalized by metformin. Marrow and inguinal adipose expansion was also noted in obese mice, and this was partially normalized by metformin. A drug‐by‐diet interaction was noted for circulating lipid molecules, protein metabolites, and gut microbiome taxonomical units. Obesity was not detrimental to trabecular bone in growing mice, but bone marrow medullary expansion was observed, likely resulting from inhibition of osteoblastogenesis, and this was partially reversed by metformin treatment.
Network meta‐analysis of the outcome ‘participant complete clearance’ in nonimmunosuppressed participants of eight interventions for actinic keratosis: a follow‐up on a Cochrane review

The conclusions of pairwise meta‐analyses of interventions for actinic keratosis (AK) are limited due to the lack of direct comparison between some interventions. Consequently, we performed a network meta‐analysis for eight treatments [5‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)‐photodynamic therapy (PDT), cryotherapy, diclofenac 3% in 2·5% hyaluronic acid (DCF/HA), 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) 0·5% or 5·0%, imiquimod (IMI) 5%, ingenol mebutate (IMB) 0·015–0·05%, methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL)‐PDT and placebo/vehicle (including placebo‐PDT)] to determine their relative efficacies. As part of a prior Cochrane systematic review, different databases and grey literature were searched for randomized controlled trials up to April 2012. The inclusion criteria were parallel‐group studies with nonimmunosuppressed participants: (i) reporting ‘participant complete clearance’ and (ii) comparing at least two of the interventions. Thirty‐two publications met the criteria and they included the following number of individual or pooled studies (n) and total number of participants (N) for the different interventions: 5‐FU 0·5% (n = 4, N = 169), 5‐FU 5·0% (n = 2, N = 44), ALA‐PDT (n = 6, N = 739), cryotherapy (n = 2, N = 174), DCF/HA (n = 5, N = 299), IMI (n = 14, N = 1411), IMB (n = 3, N = 560), MAL‐PDT (n = 7, N = 557) and placebo (n = 32, N = 2520). Network analyses using a random‐effects Bayesian model were carried out with the software ADDIS v1.16. 1. The interventions were ranked as follows based on calculated probabilities and odd ratios: 5‐FU > ALA‐PDT ≈ IMI ≈ IMB ≈ MAL‐PDT > cryotherapy > DCF/HA > placebo. This efficacy ranking was obtained based on the current available data on ‘participant complete clearance’ from randomized controlled trials and the analysis model used. However, several other factors should also be considered when prescribing a treatment for AK.
Eddy Current Model for Nondestructive Evaluation with Thin Cracks

In this paper, we propose an approximate eddy current model for nondestructive evaluation. Interior cracks of large steel structures are very thin compared with the characteristic length of the system. Numerical methods usually necessitate very fine meshes to characterize the small thickness of cracks, and thus yield a very large number of degrees of freedom. The proposed model neglects the thickness of cracks and treats them as interior surfaces. The existence and uniqueness are established for the approximate solution upon introducing proper gauge conditions. The convergence of the approximate solution to the solution of the original eddy current problem is proved as the thickness of cracks tends to zero, and an error estimate is presented for homogeneous conducting materials. A coupled finite element method is proposed to solve the approximate problem. The well-posedness and the error estimate are proved for the discrete solution. Numerical experiments are carried out for engineering benchmark problems.
Laboratory diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a multiorgan disease characterized by antibodies against plakins, desmogleins and the α2‐macroglobulin‐like‐1 (A2ML1) protein, in association with an underlying neoplasm. Accurate diagnosis relies on the demonstration of these autoantibodies in serum.
Variations in skin colour and the biological consequences of ultraviolet radiation exposure

Harmful consequences of sun exposure range from sunburn, photoageing and pigmentary disorders to skin cancer. The incidence and extent of these detrimental effects are largely due to the degree of constitutive pigmentation of the skin. The latter can be objectively classified according to the individual typology angle (°ITA) based on colorimetric parameters. The physiological relevance of the ITA colorimetric classification was assessed in 3500 women living in various geographical areas. Furthermore, in order to understand the relationship between constitutive pigmentation and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensitivity, we worked on ex vivo human skin samples of different colour exposed to increasing UVR doses. For each sample we defined the biologically efficient dose (BED), based on the induction of sunburn cells, and analysed UVR‐induced DNA damage (cyclobutane thymine dimers, CPD). We found a significant correlation between ITA and BED. We also found a correlation between ITA and DNA damage. As the epidermal basal layer also hosts melanocytes and in order to analyse the relationship between skin colour and DNA damage occurring specifically within this cell type, we performed double staining for CPD and tyrosinase‐related protein (TRP) 1, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis. We found that DNA damage within melanocytes depends on ITA. Taken together our results may explain the higher risk of lighter skin types developing skin cancers, including melanoma, as well as the development of pigmentary disorders in moderately pigmented skin. They show that skin classification based on ITA is physiologically relevant (as it correlates with constitutive pigmentation) and further support the concept of a more personalized approach to photoprotection that corresponds to a particular skin colour type's sensitivity to solar UVR.
Interleukin-1β Stimulates Ovarian Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) Expression and Activity: Up-Regulation of Both Secretory and Cytosolic PLA21.

Interleukin (IL)-1β has been shown to stimulate ovarian prostaglandin biosynthesis. We hypothesized that this effect entails the induction of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Treatment of cultured whole ovarian dispersates of immature rat origin with IL-1β produced significant increases in [3H]arachidonic acid (AA) release and [3H]prostanoid accumulation as well as increases in cellular PLA2 activity and in secretory PLA2 and cytosolic PLA2 transcripts. Cotreatment with IL-1 receptor antagonist reversed IL-mediated (and basal) release of [3H]labeled AA and prostaglandin products, as well as cellular PLA2 activity. Treatment with IL-1β also promoted a significant decrease in the cellular content of[ 3H]phospholipids (apparently phosphatidylethanolamine but not phosphatidylcholine). These observations establish the ovary as a site of IL-1-dependent sPLA2 and cPLA2 gene expression, document the presence of a possible phosphatidylethanolamine-dependent PLA2 activity in cultured whole ovarian dispersates, reveal the u.
Stability and Breakup of Liquid Threads and Annular Layers in a Corrugated Tube with Zero Base Flow

We study the stability and breakup behavior of an axisymmetric liquid thread surrounded by another viscous fluid layer through a long wave approximation. The two fluids are immiscible and confined in a concentrically placed cylindrical tube and there is no base flow. The effect of the tube wall corrugation is taken into account in the model, which allows the access of the interaction between the wall shape and the thread interfacial dynamics. The linearized system is studied by Floquet theory due to the presence of nonconstant coefficients in the equation and the spectrum is computed numerically via the Fourier--Floquet--Hill method. The resulting features agree qualitatively with those obtained based on a lubrication model in the thin annulus limit, where the short wave disturbances that would be stabilizing due to the capillarity in the absence of wall corrugation, can excite some unstable long waves. Those results from the linear theory are also confirmed numerically by direct numerical simulation on the evolution equations. Meanwhile, a transition on the dominant modes from the one for a tube without corrugation to the one with a wall shape included is found. Finally the drop formation is shown in the nonlinear regime when the pinch off of the core thread is obtained. The annular film drainage regime is also approached slowly along with pinching when the tube wall is close to the thread interface. In addition, our results demonstrate the possibility of suppressing pinching, depending on the averaged annular layer thickness and the variation in tube radius.
An Invariant Preserving Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Camassa-Holm Equation

In this work, we design, analyze, and numerically test an invariant preserving discontinuous Galerkin method for solving the nonlinear Camassa--Holm equation. This model is integrable and admits peakon solitons. The proposed numerical method is high order accurate, and preserves two invariants, momentum and energy, of this nonlinear equation. The $L^2$-stability of the scheme for general solutions is a consequence of the energy preserving property. The numerical simulation results for different types of solutions of the Camassa--Holm equation are provided to illustrate the accuracy and capability of the proposed method.
Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for a Class of Nonconvex and Nonsmooth Problems with Applications to Background/Foreground Extraction

In this paper, we study a general optimization model, which covers a large class of existing models for many applications in imaging sciences. To solve the resulting possibly nonconvex, nonsmooth and non-Lipschitz optimization problem, we adapt the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) with a general dual step-size to solve a reformulation that contains three blocks of variables, and analyze its convergence. We show that for any dual step-size less than the golden ratio, there exists a computable threshold such that if the penalty parameter is chosen above such a threshold and the sequence thus generated by our ADMM is bounded, then the cluster point of the sequence gives a stationary point of the nonconvex optimization problem. We achieve this via a potential function specifically constructed for our ADMM. Moreover, we establish the global convergence of the whole sequence if, in addition, this special potential function is a Kurdyka-{\L}ojasiewicz function. Furthermore, we present a simple strategy for initializing the algorithm to guarantee boundedness of the sequence. Finally, we perform numerical experiments comparing our ADMM with the proximal alternating linearized minimization (PALM) proposed in [5] on the background/foreground extraction problem with real data. The numerical results show that our ADMM with a nontrivial dual step-size is efficient.
Stability and Control Design for Time-Varying Systems with Time-Varying Delays using a Trajectory-Based Approach

A recent work by Mazenc and Malisoff provides a trajectory-based approach for proving stability of time-varying systems with time-varying delays. Here, we provide several significant applications of their approach. In two results, we use a Lyapunov function for a corresponding un-delayed system to provide a new method for proving stability of linear continuous-time time-varying systems with bounded time-varying delays. We allow uncertainties in the coefficient matrices of the systems. Our main results use upper bounds on an integral average involving the delay. The results establish input-to-state stability with respect to disturbances. We also provide a novel reduction model approach that ensures global exponential stabilization of linear systems with a time-varying pointwise delay in the input, which allows the delay to be discontinuous and uncertain. Finally, we provide an alternative to the reduction model method, based on a different dynamic extension. Our examples demonstrate the usefulness of our findings in several settings.
Graph Similarity through Entropic Manifold Alignment

In this paper we decouple the problem of measuring graph similarity into two sequential steps. The first step is the linearization of the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) in a low-dimensional space, given by the embedding trick. The second step is the evaluation of an information-theoretic distributional measure, which relies on deformable manifold alignment. The proposed measure is a normalized conditional entropy, which induces a positive definite kernel when symmetrized. We use bypass entropy estimation methods to compute an approximation of the normalized conditional entropy. Our approach, which is purely topological (i.e., it does not rely on node or edge attributes although it can potentially accommodate them as additional sources of information) is competitive with state-of-the-art graph matching algorithms as sources of correspondence-based graph similarity, but its complexity is linear instead of cubic (although the complexity of the similarity measure is quadratic). We also determine that the .
Thyrotropin Regulation by Thyroid Hormone in Thyroid Hormone Receptor β-Deficient Mice.

Thyroid hormone responsive genes can be both positively and negatively regulated by thyroid hormone. TSH is down-regulated by thyroid hormone and rises during thyroid hormone deprivation. Because both thyroid hormone receptor (TR) α and β genes are expressed in the pituitary gland, it is unclear what the relative roles of TRα and TRβ are in TSH regulation. Experiments using over expression of artificial genes have yielded conflicting results. The TRβ knock-out mouse that lacks both TRβ1 and TRβ2 isoforms provides a model to examine the role of these receptors in TSH regulation. TRβ deficient (TRβ−/−) and wild-type (TRβ+/+) mice of the same strain were deprived of thyroid hormone by feeding them a low iodine diet containing propylthiouracil and were then treated with different doses of L-T3 and L-T4. Thyroid hormone deprivation rapidly increased the serum TSH level in both TRβ+/+ and TRβ−/− mice, reaching a similar level in the absence of thyroid hormone. In contrast, the decline of serum TSH by treatment .
Multilevel Ensemble Transform Particle Filtering

This paper extends the Multilevel Monte Carlo variance reduction technique to nonlinear filtering. In particular, Multilevel Monte Carlo is applied to a certain variant of the particle filter, the Ensemble Transform Particle Filter. A key aspect is the use of optimal transport methods to re-establish correlation between coarse and fine ensembles after resampling; this controls the variance of the estimator. Numerical examples present a proof of concept of the effectiveness of the proposed method, demonstrating significant computational cost reductions (relative to the single-level ETPF counterpart) in the propagation of ensembles.
Combinatorial Hopf Algebras of Simplicial Complexes

We consider a Hopf algebra of simplicial complexes and provide a cancellation-free formula for its antipode. We then obtain a family of combinatorial Hopf algebras by defining a family of characters on this Hopf algebra. The characters of these combinatorial Hopf algebras give rise to symmetric functions that encode information about colorings of simplicial complexes and their $f$-vectors. We also use characters to give a generalization of Stanley's $(-1)$-color theorem. A $q$-analogue version of this family of characters is also studied.
The Steady-State Convection-Diffusion Equation at High Péclet Numbers for a Cluster of Spheres: An Extension of Levich's Theory

This paper describes an approximate analytical model of competitive effects between members of a dense cluster of absorbing objects, which are modeled as spheres. Neighboring absorbing spheres compete for diffusing species and thereby reduce each other's rate of absorption. Levich's well-known asymptotic (high Peclet number) theory of convection-diffusion considers only the inner region of the concentration boundary layer; it does not describe the wake zone accurately. An extension of the Levich model is constructed for the wake zone. This is used to model intersphere competitive effects. The model demonstrates that for two neighboring spheres aligned along the flow direction, the absorption of the downstream sphere is substantially reduced vis-a-vis the upstream sphere. The model is verified by comparison to numerical simulation studies. Both single-sphere simulations (reported in this paper) and multisphere simulations (taken from existing literature) are considered. In the single-sphere case, the discr.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding after open heart surgery

Abstract Objective: The occurrence of digestive complications especially upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) has increased after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of UGIB and identify the independent risk factors. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of 1077 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) from 1994 to 2012 The group of patients with UGIB (n 1 = 20) was compared with the population group (n 2 = 1057). Demographic characteristics, therapeutic management, endoscopic findings, and outcomes were analyzed. Through a regression analysis we identified independent risk factors of UGIB. Results: The mean age of the group n 1 was 58.2 ± 12.4 years and 50.18 ± 13.5 years in the group n 2. UGIB occurred about 13 ± 5.5 days after cardiac surgery. Gastroduodenal ulcer was the most common etiology of hemorrhage (n = 13, 65%). Renal insufficiency, previous gastric ulcer, increased lactate concentration during CPB, prolonged mechanical ventilation, use of vasopressor drug and pulmonary infection was likely contributing factors in UGIB. Conclusion: UGIB following open cardiac surgery is most frequently secondary to gastroduodenal ulceration. Many determinant factors of bleeding are incriminated. Surgeons must be aware of these factors to avoid fatal complications.
High‐frequency ultrasonography but not 930‐nm optical coherence tomography reliably evaluates melanoma thickness in vivo: a prospective validation study

Early diagnosis and rapid surgical excision are essential for improving the prognosis of patients with melanoma. Reflectance confocal microscopy has been validated as a feasible procedure for in vivo diagnosis of melanoma but cannot be used to measure tumour thickness. However, ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography may allow melanoma thickness to be measured in vivo.
Model Reduction of Bilinear Systems in the Loewner Framework

The Loewner framework for model reduction is extended to the class of bilinear systems. The main advantage of this framework over existing ones is that the Loewner pencil introduces a trade-off between accuracy and complexity. Furthermore, through this framework, one can derive state-space models directly from input-output data without requiring initial system matrices. The recently introduced methodology of Volterra series interpolation is also addressed. Several numerical experiments illustrate the main features of this approach.
Convergence and Correctness of Max-Product Belief Propagation for Linear Programming

The max-product belief propagation (BP) is a popular message-passing heuristic for approximating a maximum-a-posteriori assignment in a joint distribution represented by a graphical model. In the past years, it has been shown that BP can solve a few classes of linear programming (LP) formulations to combinatorial optimization problems including maximum weight matching, shortest path, and network flow, i.e., BP can be used as a message-passing solver for certain combinatorial optimizations. However, those LPs and corresponding BP analysis are very sensitive to underlying problem setups, and it has been not clear what extent these results can be generalized to. In this paper, we obtain a generic criteria that BP converges to the optimal solution of given LP and show that it is satisfied in LP formulations associated to many classical combinatorial optimization problems including maximum weight perfect matching, shortest path, traveling salesman, cycle packing, vertex/edge cover, and network flow.
Almost Exclusive Androgenic Action of Dehydroepiandrosterone in the Rat Mammary Gland.

To determine the relative role of the androgenic and/or estrogenic components of the action of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the histomorphology and structure of the rat mammary gland, ovariectomized (OVX) female animals received DHEA administered alone or in combination with the pure antiandrogen flutamide or the pure antiestrogen EM-800 for 12 months. We have also evaluated the effect of estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone constantly released from SILASTIC brand silicon implants as well as medroxyprogesterone acetate released from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres. While 1-yr OVX resulted in a severe atrophy of the mammary gland, treatment of OVX animals with DHEA stimulated lobuloalveolar and ductal growth, as well as the secretory activity of the acinar cells, thus resulting in a lobuloalveolar type of development of the mammary gland. The addition of FLU to DHEA almost completely prevented the stimulatory effect observed with DHEA alone, whereas addition of the antiestrogen EM-800 had no .