Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Half-Time and High-Speed Running in the Second Half of Soccer

Abstract This study investigated if the quantity of high-speed running (movements >15 km.h − 1) completed in the first 15 min of competitive football matches differed from that completed in the corresponding 15 min of the second half. 20 semi-professional soccer players (age 21.2±3.6 years, body mass 76.4±3.8 kg, height 1.89±0.05 m) participated in the study. 50 competitive soccer matches and 192 data files were analysed (4±2 files per match) using Global Positioning Satellite technology. Data were analysed using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlations. No differences were found between the first 15 min of each half for the distance completed at high-speed (>15 km.h − 1) or sprinting (>21 km.h − 1), or in the number of sprints undertaken (p>0.05). However, total distance covered was shorter (1st half vs. 2nd half: 1 746±220 vs. 1 644±224 m; p<0.001) and mean speed lower (1st half vs. 2nd half: 7.0±0.9 vs. 6.6±0.9 km.h − 1; p<0.001) in the first 15 min of the second half compared to the first. The correlations between the duration of the half-time interval and the difference in the high-speed running or sprinting between first and second halves (0–15 min) were very small (r=0.08 [p=0.25] and r=0.04 [p=0.61] respectively). Therefore, this study did not find any difference between the amount of high-speed running and sprinting completed by semi-professional soccer players when the first 15 min of the first and second half of competitive matches were compared The maintenance of high-speed running and sprinting, as total distance and mean speed declined, may be a function of the pacing strategies adopted by players in competitive matches.
Discharge Planning and Social Work Practice

ABSTRACT Current health care practice discharge planning has emerged as a major professional function in hospital settings. To examine the tasks involved in discharge planning and how frequently they are being performed, 124 Alabama hospitals were contacted with a 72% response rate. Of the 178 surveys returned by discharge planners the core tasks were identified and ranked in terms of performance frequency. The results revealed that the tasks performed typically resembled that of generalist social workers. When specialization occurred, it was related to the populations served and not the specialized tasks or methods utilized. From this data recommendations are made for linking advanced generalist social work practice to discharge planning activities.
Preference Heterogeneity and Economic Geography

We investigate the effect of preference heterogeneity between skilled and unskilled workers on agglomeration, and we identify a new source of dependence of equilibrium prices on the demand properties shaped by the inter-regional distribution of workers. We find a new preference effect, and we show that when the intensity of skilled workers' preference for the modern good and its variety is strong enough, prices charged by firms may even increase when the mass of local firms increases, therefore acting as a new dispersion force when trade costs are low or as a new agglomeration force when trade costs are high.
Neuroanesthesiology Review—2007

The 2007 literature pertaining to perioperative care of neurosurgical patients contains a wealth of articles. In this review, we provide a synopsis of common themes and unique contributions that are relevant to the care of patients with neurologic disorders who require either neurosurgical intervention or care in a neurosurgical-based intensive care unit.
Increased risk of type 2 diabetes despite same degree of adiposity in different racial groups.

As indigenous people of the South Pacific have rates of type 2 diabetes and obesity among the highest in the world (1,2), diabetes risk reduction strategies include identification of high-risk individuals. Different cutoffs to define overweight and obesity have been suggested for some indigenous people because they have more lean mass and less adipose tissue than Europeans with comparable BMIs (3). However, cutoffs for BMI should be based on risk of comorbidities associated with a given BMI, not simply with lean body mass. To further assist the process of defining appropriate BMI levels for South Pacific people, we have investigated insulin sensitivity in New Zealand women of Maori and European descent who have similar levels of BMI, fat, …
Separating the wheat from the chaff – a taxonomy of open innovation

Purpose – The main objective of this paper is to shed light on the confusion of terminologies related to open innovation through the development of an open innovation taxonomy. By analyzing published case studies using numerical taxonomy methods, it proposes a taxonomic classification of open innovation.Design/methodology/approach – Earlier work on firm collaboration and concepts related to open innovation in order to understand the main motivations, and conditions behind open innovation‐like strategies is first to be reviewed in this paper. It then proceeds to collect and systematically analyze 20 published case studies, and using numerical taxonomy methods it produces a taxonomic classification of open innovation. As a first approach to taxonomy on open innovation strategies, the UPGMA methodology used seems very promising. The taxonomy of open innovation developed here can also be used as a decision‐making tool through the comparison of open innovation strategies inherent in the taxonomy.Findings – Thr.
Governance and Corporate Philanthropy

Although corporate decision makers may justify charitable contributions on strategic grounds, extremely large corporate philanthropic contributions may beperceived by shareholders as unnecessary. If stockholders attempt to limit corporate philanthropy, then governance mechanisms should put a cap on giving amounts. Using a matched-paired sample to control for industry and company size, theauthors compared big givers and small givers. The authors find that blockholders and institutional owners limit corporate philanthropy. This suggests that high levels of corporate philanthropy may be perceived as excessive by influentialstockholders, and some governance mechanisms act to curtail it.
The Effects of Sevoflurane on Population Spikes in CA1 and Dentate Gyrus of the Rat Hippocampus In Vitro

We studied the effects of sevoflurane on population spikes (PSs) in two synaptic pathways in rat hippocampal slices.Stimulating electrodes were placed on Schaffer collateral fibers or perforant path to activate inputs to CA1 pyramidal neurons or dentate gyrus (DG) neurons, respectively. Extracellular glass microelectrodes were used to record PSs. The paired-pulse stimulus was used to induce the paired-pulse facilitation (PPF). Sevoflurane (0.4-5.0 vol%) significantly decreased the amplitudes of PSs of CA1 and DG in a dose-dependent and reversible manner (25% effective dose values were 4.1 and 0.9 vol%, respectively). The stimulus-response relationships for PS amplitudes revealed that sevoflurane increased the threshold for PS generation in CA1 and DG. Sevoflurane (2.0 vol%) significantly enhanced PPF from 127% and 263% to 153% and 494% in CA1 and DG, respectively. The results imply that the effects of sevoflurane on PSs are greater in DG than in CA1 neurons, that sevoflurane enhances the PPF in both CA1 and DG, and that the actions of sevoflurane are not similar to those of other volatile or intravenous anesthetics previously reported in hippocampal preparations. Implications: The volatile anesthetic sevoflurane alters neural excitability of individual pathways in the hippocampus in a manner different from other general anesthetics. The results are consistent with a site-specific mechanism of action for general anesthesia. (Anesth Analg 1997;85:426-30)
CONGESTION CONTROL AND VEHICLE OWNERSHIP RESTRICTION : THE CHOICE OF AN OPTIMAL QUOTA POLICY

Singapore introduced a vehicle quota system (VQS) in 1990 as part of its overall policy to control urban congestion. While the VQS has reduced the annual growth rate of the vehicle population to about 3 per cent, it has created uncertainty in the cost of vehicle ownership due to the fluctuations in licence prices. This paper discusses three issues relating to the optimal design of a VQS: licence transferability, sub-categorisation, and the choice of an auction format. The analysis shows that licence transferability is not unambiguously desirable, sub-categorisation is highly regressive, and an open auction format results in less aggressive bidding and lower licence prices. © 2004 LSE and the University of Bath
Host‐Specific Hemagglutination of Influenza A (H1N1) Virus

H1N1 strains of influenza A virus isolated during the influenza season of 1991–92 were divided into two groups according to the property of host‐specific hemagglutination. Group 1 viruses agglutinated human and chicken red blood cells. Group 2 viruses agglutinated human but not chicken red blood cells. The viruses of both groups, however, showed the same antigenic structure determined with ferret antisera. The virus clones which were plaque‐purified twice from a group 2 virus retained the characteristic of host‐specific hemagglutination after five successive passages in MDCK cells, indicating that this phenomenon is genetically determined. However, the amino acid, sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) polypeptides deduced from the nucleotide sequences of the HA gene of the two groups did not show any differences between them. This suggests a difference in amino acids in some other polypeptide(s), which affects the host‐specific hemagglutination.
Gender, Party Leaders, and Election Outcomes in Australia, Britain, and the United States

Election outcomes are now, more than at any time in the past, determined by voters' assessments of party leaders. However, despite its potential importance, little is known about the differences in how men and women view political leaders. This article uses recent Australian, British, and U.S. survey data to examine gender differences in the evaluations that voters make of party leaders. The results show that there are comparatively few gender differences in the personal qualities that voters rate as important, with the exception of British Labour's Neil Kinnock, who was rated more highly by men, and Bill Clinton, who was rated more highly by women. However, what gender differences in leader evaluations that do exist are mediated by partisanship and views on economic performance. In both Australia and the United States, gender significantly affects the vote, but in opposite directions. The results suggest that gender may have a more important future role in elections in these three countries.
Effect of Malnutrition on Iron Homeostasis in Black-Necked Swans (Cygnus melanocoryphus)

Abstract The Cayumapu River black-necked swan (Cygnus melanocoryphus) population in southern Chile suffered a syndrome of malnutrition and hyperferremia in 2005. The iron metabolic imbalance could not be explained on the basis of the quality of their diet. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to determine the relationship between malnutrition and iron homeostasis in black-necked swans. It was proposed that catabolic processes could increase serum iron levels due to the release of endogenous iron from tissues. A free-living swan population undergoing natural nutritional imbalance due to molting was studied. In addition, swans captured were subjected to a diet restriction until they became emaciated. The results revealed that neither lipolytic activity nor emaciation affected serum iron concentrations. The increment of total iron binding capacity observed was in agreement with the reduction of endogenous iron stored, with the increase of erythropoeitic demand, or with both. Future studies are needed to determine the effect of incremental erythropoietic activity on iron homeostasis in anemic, malnourished birds.
Rigid Formation Keeping and Formation Reconfiguration of Multi-Agent Systems

Abstract A motion planning algorithm is presented for formation control of coordinating multi agents engaged in rigid formation keeping and formation reconfiguration. The multi agent system is separated into geometrically equivalent subsystems for distributed control. The proposed motion planning algorithm generates reference trajectories for each of these subsystems in real-time for online, distributed and autonomous control. Deriving the constrained kinematics eliminates the need for nonlinear programming to account for the system constraints, making the approach amenable to real-time control. A control strategy accounts for actuator/operating constraints to give dynamically feasible reference trajectories. Explicit consideration of actuator and operating limitations and nonholonomic constraints in the design of the reference trajectories, thereby addressing the important issue of dynamic feasibility, is one of the main contributions of the proposed approach. The motion planning algorithm is verified through simulations for a team of multi-agents moving in and switching between formations in a scouting scenario.
Development Impacts of Seasonal and Temporary Migration: A Review of Evidence from the Pacific and Southeast Asia

Seasonal and temporary migration programs are widely used around the world, yet there is scant evidence as to their development impacts. Absent such evidence, it is difficult to evaluate whether the proliferation of temporary worker programs in recent years is a useful development. This article reviews studies that attempt to measure impacts of seasonal and temporary migration with a particular focus on evidence from the Pacific and Southeast Asia.
Modelling tail dependence between energy market and stock markets in the BRIC countries

This article investigates the tail dependence structure between energy market and stock markets returns in the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries over the period from 12 January 2000 to 28 December 2012. Using the regime switching dynamic symmetrized Joe–Clayton (SJC) copula model, we find that the tail dependence increased rather substantially in the financial crisis of 2008/12; moreover, the lower tail dependence for all the paired returns is almost larger than the upper one. Finally, the tail dependence is found to be the strongest for Russia and the weakest for China. The empirical results documented in this study have important implications for portfolio and risk management.
Secure symmetric private information retrieval from colluding databases with adversaries

The problem of symmetric private information retrieval (SPIR) from replicated databases with colluding servers and adversaries is studied. Specifically, the database comprises K files, which are replicatively stored among N servers. A user wants to retrieve one file from the database by communicating with the N servers, without revealing the identity of the desired file to any server. Furthermore, the user shall learn nothing about the other K − 1 files in the database. Any T out of N servers may collude, that is, they may communicate their interactions with the user to guess the identity of the requested file. An adversary in the system can tap in on or even try to corrupt the communication. Three types of adversaries are considered: a Byzantine adversary who can overwrite the transmission of any B servers to the user; a passive eavesdropper who can tap in on the incoming and outgoing transmissions of any E servers; and a combination of both — an adversary who can tap in on a set of any E nodes, and overwrite the transmission of a set of any B nodes. The problems of SPIR with colluding servers and the three types of adversaries are named T-BSPIR, T-ESPIR and T-BESPIR respectively. The capacity of the problem is defined as the maximum number of information bits of the desired file retrieved per downloaded bit. We show that the information-theoretical capacity of the T-BSPIR problem equals 1 − 2B+T/N, if the servers share common randomness (unavailable at the user) with amount at least 2B+T/N−2B−T times the file size. Otherwise, the capacity equals zero. The information-theoretical capacity of the T-ESPIR problem is proved to equal 1 − max(T, E)/N if the servers share common randomness with amount at least max(T, E)/N − max(T, E) times the file size. Finally, for the problem of T-BESPIR, the capacity is proved to be 1 − 2B+max(T, E)/N where the common randomness shared by the servers should be at least 2B+max(T, E)/N−2B-max(T, E) times the file size. The results resemble those of secure network coding problems with adversaries and eavesdroppers.
Housing Stock Transfers, Regeneration and State-Led Gentrification in London

This article examines housing stock transfers from local authorities to registered social landlords in relation to regeneration and state-led gentrification in London. The article traces the inter-linkages between social rental housing provision, gentrification and neoliberalism. These inter-linkages are illustrated via an examination of the contestation over stock transfer and housing redevelopment in two New Deal for Communities regeneration schemes in London.
Analysts' Incentives to Produce Industry-Level Versus Firm-Specific Information

Using stock returns around recommendation changes to measure the information produced by analysts, I find that analysts produce more firm-specific than industry-level information. Analysts produce more firm-specific information on stocks with higher idiosyncratic return volatilities. The amount of industry information produced by analysts increases with the absolute value of the stock’s industry beta and decreases with the stock’s idiosyncratic volatility. Other stocks in the industry also respond to the recommendation change, and the magnitude of the response increases with the absolute value of the industry beta of the recommended stock and that of other stocks in the industry. I also offer results on how investors may use analyst research more effectively and potentially improve their investment performance.
Corporate investment in social responsibility versus dividends

Purpose - The paper aims to examine whether corporate investment in social responsibility takes away from expected dividends. Design/methodology/approach - The article builds two hypotheses that are tested empirically through the analysis of 17,670 US firm-year observations covering the period 1991-2007. The tests are conducted in both univariate and multivariate settings. Findings - The evidence supports the hypothesis that mature firms tend to invest more in corporate social responsibility (CSR). Specifically, firms investing highly in CSR tend to be larger, more profitable, and with greater earned (rather than contributed) equity. The evidence also supports the hypothesis that CSR investment does not subtract from dividends. Instead, CSR effort and dividend tend to increase together. Thus, CSR investment tends to be effected by companies who can afford it, and it does not lower value by lowering investors' expected payout. Practical implications - These results imply that spending resources on CSR does not lower the cash flows paid out to investors. When combined with the finding that CSR lowers the cost of equity, they also mean that CSR increases the value of a company's stock. Originality/value - This is the first study that explicitly links CSR to the dividend flow.
Regulation of T‐cell receptor signaling by the actin cytoskeleton and poroelastic cytoplasm

The actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in modulating T‐cell activation. Most models of T‐cell receptor (TCR) triggering signalosome assembly and immune synapse formation invoke actin‐dependent mechanisms. As T cells are constitutively motile cells, TCR triggering and signaling occur against a cytoskeletal backdrop that is constantly remodeling. While the interplay between actin dynamics and TCR signaling have been the focus of research for many years, much of the work in T cells has considered actin largely for its ‘scaffolding’ function. We examine the roles of the actin cytoskeleton in TCR signaling and immune synapse formation with an emphasis on how poroelasticity, an ensemble feature of actin dynamics with the cytosol, relates to how T cells respond to stimulation.
The Break-Up of the Eurozone?

The euro project is now at the threshold of disintegration as the fault-lines between the core/surplus countries and the peripheral/deficit countries experience a profound rupture. In the absence of political union or fiscal federalism, these centrifugal forces appear to be irreversible. It is difficult to envisage the current system, with its internal contradictions, surviving the crisis that now engulfs the entire eurozone. The present crisis is to a large extent the continuation of the longstanding neoliberal policies favoured by Germany, which have informed the creation of the euro. This article examines the historical context of the debt crisis and the institutional design of this flawed monetary edifice.
A Study of Budget Deficits and Interest Rates for Japan: Evidence from an Extended Loanable Funds Model

This paper examines the behavior of the long-term interest rate in Japan based on a sample during 1972Q1-2010.Q3. Applying to the extended open economy loanable funds model, this paper finds that a higher government deficit as a percent of GDP leads to a lower long-term interest rate in Japan. In addition, the real money market rate, the GDP growth rate, the expected inflation rate, the world long-term interest rate, and the expected depreciation of the yen have positive effects on the Japan's long-term interest rate. Finally, inclusion of the world interest rate and the exchange rate in the model may better capture the behavior of the long-term interest rate in Japan.