Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of risk response strategies practiced in software projects

Risk management and success in projects are highly intertwined – better approaches to project risk management tend to increase chances of project success in terms of achieving scope & quality, schedule and cost targets. The process of responding to risk factors during a project’s life cycle is a crucial aspect of risk management referred to as risk response strategies, in this paper. The current research explores the status of risk response strategies applied in the software development projects in India. India provides a young IT-savvy English-speaking population, which is also cost effective. Other than the workforce, the environment for implementation of software projects in India is different from the matured economies. Risk management process is a commonly discussed theme, though its implementation in practice has a huge scope for improvement in India. The paper talks about four fundamental treatments to risk response – Avoidance, Transference, Mitigation and Acceptance (ATMA). From a primary data of 302 project managers, the paper attempts to address the risk response factors that lead to successful achievement of project scope & quality, schedule and cost targets, by using a series of regressions followed with Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE) modelling. Mitigation emerged as the most significant risk response strategy to achieve project targets. Acceptance, transference, and avoidance of risk were mostly manifested in the forms of transparency in communication across stakeholders, careful study of the nature of risks and close coordination between project team, customers/end-users and top management.
Directed Cycles with Two Chords and Strong Spanning Directed Subgraphs with Few Arcs

We prove the conjecture of D. A. Marcus (1981) that every strongly 2-arc-connected directed graph has a directed cycle with at least two chords. As a consequence, every strongly 2-arc-connected directed graph withmarcs has a spanning strong directed subgraph with less than 23 arcs. The constant 23 is best possible.
Public-Private Institutions, Upgrading, and Accessing Knowledge Resources in Emerging Market Societies

This article argues that the ability of a firm to access a variety of knowledge resources, and in turn upgrade its products, depends on being tied not simply to any or many organizations and institutions but rather to those that act as social and knowledge bridges across previously isolated producer communities. Through a multi-method analysis of the recent transformation of the Argentine wine industry, we highlight how distinct governance rules for new government support institutions can anchor their multiplex, cross-cutting network qualities, which underpin their ability to provide improved collective resources and reshape the ties between firms.
Glucose Tolerance in Mice is Linked to the Dose of the p53 Transactivation Domain

Aim. To test the transactivation domain-mediated control of glucose homeostasis by the tumor suppressor p53. Background. The tumor suppressor p53 has a critical role in maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Phosphorylation of Ser18 in the transaction domain of p53 controls the expression of Zpf385a, a zinc finger protein that regulates adipogenesis and adipose function. This results suggest that the transactivation domain of p53 is essential to the control of glucose homeostasis. Materials and Methods. Mice with mutations in the p53 transactivation domain were examined for glucose homeostasis as well as various metabolic parameters. Glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests were performed on age matched wild type and mutant animals. In addition, mice expressing increased dosage of p53 were also examined. Results. Mice with a mutation in p53Ser18 exhibit reduced Zpf385a expression in adipose tissue, adipose tissue-specific insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Mice with relative deficits in the transactivation domain of p53 exhibit similar defects in glucose homeostasis, while “Super p53” mice with an increased dosage of p53 exhibit improved glucose tolerance. Conclusion. These data support the role of an ATM—p53 cellular stress axis that helps combat glucose intolerance and insulin resistance and regulates glucose homeostasis.
Do Managers Benefit from Delayed Goodwill Impairments?

Prior research provides evidence that managers delay the reporting of goodwill impairments. This study builds on this evidence by investigating whether managers use their private information regarding goodwill impairments to profit from trading in their own firms’ shares. We find evidence of abnormal selling of shares by corporate insiders in the two years preceding formal announcement of goodwill impairments. In addition, we find that managers’ selling activity is positively associated with subsequent stock price declines. We find similar evidence using a sample of firms where price discovery occurs relatively close to impairment announcements, suggesting that our findings are not attributable to insider trading on general pessimism or other negative news unrelated to reported goodwill impairments. Overall, these findings provide evidence that managers benefit from delayed goodwill impairments, and confirm long-standing concerns by the SEC regarding significant information asymmetries between managers and firm outsiders regarding goodwill impairments.
Comparative Studies of Extracellular Fungal Laccases

Various basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, and deuteromycetes, grown in a sugar-rich liquid medium, were compared for laccase-producing ability and for the inducing effect of 2,5-xylidine on laccase production. Clear stimulation of the extracellular enzyme formation by xylidine was obtained in the cultures of Fomes annosus, Pholiota mutabilis, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Trametes versicolor, whereas Rhizoctonia praticola and Botrytis cinerea were not affected by the xylidine, and in the case of Podospora anserina a decrease in laccase activity was observed. The laccases were purified, and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels indicated a particular pattern for each laccase. The bands of the induced forms appeared only with basidiomycetes. The optimal pH of R. praticola laccase was in the neutral region, whereas the optima of all the other exolaccases were significantly lower (between pH 3.0 and 5.7). All laccases oxidized the methoxyphenolic acids under investigation, but there existed quantitative differences in oxidation efficiencies which depended on pH and on the nature (noninduced or induced) of the enzyme. The sensitivity of all enzymes to inhibitors did not differ considerably.
Clinical investigation on the development of dependence during oral therapy with tramadol.

In a multicenter study 153 in- and outpatients suffering from severe pain were treated for three weeks with capsules containing 50 mg 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (tramadol, Tramal). The daily dosage was limited to 400 mg. At the end of the third week the patients received in a randomized double-blind manner 1.6 mg naloxone or saline (both i.m.) to evaluate the risk of developing dependence during the 3-week tramadol treatment (precipitation test). A total of 109 patients completed the trial. Development of tolerance was not observed as was evident from a constant daily tramadol dose associated with constant analgesia. The median net withdrawal scores for the naloxone treated group (mean = 0, Xmin = 0, Xmax = 13) and for the saline treated group (mean = 0, Xmin = 0, Xmax = 5) indicate absence of dependence. The outcome of the study thus suggests that tramadol under the conditions described does not induce dependence.
Resonant photoemission in Ti2O3 and V2O3: Hybridization and localization of cation 3d orbitals.

Resonant photoemission from cation 3d and oxygen 2p states in both Ti/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and V/sub 2/O/sub 3/ single crystals has been observed as the photon energy is swept through the cation 3p. -->. 3d optical-absorption transition. These nonmaximal valency oxides are excellent materials in which to study the effect of a ligand environment on resonant photoemission from cation d states, due to the existence of partially occupied d states well separated from the O 2p states. This investigation has revealed complex new aspects of the electronic structure of these oxides and the phenomenon of resonant photoemission in them. The cation 3d resonant emission was found to display a strong angular anisotropy which could be related to the molecular-orbital structure of these oxides. The maximum in the cation 3d resonance emission occurs at the same photon energy in both the metals and oxides, indicating a significant degree of localization of the cation resonance. A strong resonance in the O 2p emission from Ti/sub 2/O/sub 3/ is observed as the photon energy is swept through the Ti 3p. -->. 3d transition. A much smaller resonance is seen in the O 2p emission from V/sub 2/O/sub 3/ at the V 3p. -->. 3d transition, despite an increase inmore » d character in the O 2p band in V/sub 2/O/sub 3/. Thus caution must be used in extracting information on hybridization from resonant photoemission data. « less
Therapies for adrenal insufficiency

Adrenal insufficiency is a life-threatening disorder. In the treatment of adrenal insufficiency, it is essential to administer the optimal medication at the optimal dose. Glucocorticoids are the main therapeutic approach in all forms of adrenal insufficiency. The recommended protocol for maintenance therapy is 15 – 25 mg of hydrocortisone, divided into two or three separate doses. Patients with primary adrenal insufficiency generally receive mineralocorticoid replacement comprised of fludrocortisone 0.05 – 0.2 mg/day. Recently, dehydroepiandrosterone has been proposed as a new therapeutic approach, despite the lack of strong evidence for beneficial effects. Additional glucocorticoid supplementation should be administered in stressful states. During critical illness, inadequate or no temporary increase in the dose of the replacement glucocorticoid can lead to acute adrenal failure. When acute adrenal failure occurs, it becomes necessary to administer intravenous hydrocortisone.
Cumulative Risk, Negative Emotionality, and Emotion Regulation as Predictors of Social Competence in Transition to School: A Mediated Moderation Model

The goals of this study were to examine the additive and interactive effects of cumulative risk and child negative emotionality on children's social competence in the transition from preschool to school and to test whether these associations were mediated by child emotion regulation within a sample of 310 low-income, ethnically diverse boys. Multiple informants and methods were used to measure contextual risk factors and negative emotionality at the ages of 1.5 and two, emotion dysregulation at the age of 3.5, and social competence in the home at the age of five and in school at the age of six. Results indicated that the relation between cumulative risk and emotion dysregulation was amplified for children with higher levels of negative emotionality. In turn, emotion dysregulation predicted lower social competence across both the home and the school contexts. This study represents an early effort to develop an integrative model of social competence by considering joint contributions of contextual risk, negative emotionality, and emotion regulation.
Health risks from environmental degradation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Local communities within oil producing countries in Africa often face formidable environmental challenges that generate conflicts and concerns around exploitation, environmental impact, and health risks. A key feature of these concerns has been the paucity of effective risk communication mechanisms and the impact this has on the public understanding of risk. Risk communication has been identified as a significant factor in explaining why the health consequences of environmental degradation remain unabated in oil producing communities. This paper evaluates health risk communication in the oil rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study is based on 69 interviews conducted in the Niger Delta region. The paper argues that the health of the local population is being impaired by risk incidences relating to oil and gas exploration activities, the effects of which are amplified by inadequate communication of health risks to the public. The study argues for and suggests ways in which health risk communication processes can be improved in the Niger Delta. A multi-dimensional framework for public health risk communication is developed as a means of advancing understanding, practice, and policy.
TOP CITED PAPERS IN INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS: 5. A CONTROLLED STUDY OF REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION AS A TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN THE ELDERLY

We were delighted, but surprised, by the publication success of our first pilot trial on the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to treat late life depression (LLD) (Manes et al., 2001). This preliminary study had major limitations – for example, the small sample size and the use of both a non-therapeutic dose of rTMS and a defective method of sham stimulation. However, it addressed an important clinical problem for which we still do not have a satisfactory solution: how do we treat LLD that has been resistant to the usual therapeutic approaches in a safe and efficient way?
Rehabilitation of revision total hip replacement: A multi‐centre survey of current practice

BACKGROUND Demand for revision total hip replacement (RTHR) is increasing. Outcomes after RTHR are varied, with reasonable pain relief but smaller gains in function and mobility. Whether sub-optimal rehabilitation contributes to poorer functional outcomes is unclear. Current rehabilitation is not well defined and there is little research into RTHR rehabilitation. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To gather information about the current rehabilitation of patients undergoing planned, single-stage revision or re-revision THR surgery. METHODS An online survey was developed and sent to clinicians at 117 orthopaedic centres in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Questions were asked about standard rehabilitation practice pre-operatively, post-operatively and immediately after discharge. The frequency (%) of responses to closed questions was analysed and free-text comments were summarized thematically. RESULTS There were 133 respondents: mostly physiotherapists (92, 69%) and occupational therapists (39, 29%). Pre-operative education was common (112, 84%) but not uniform, and for 52 (46%) the same as for primary THR patients. Respondents were more likely to agree about the general objectives of rehabilitation, for example gait re-education with walking aids (93, 70%), and retraining functional mobility (92, 69%) rather than about specific elements including exercise prescription, duration of hip precautions and provision of occupational therapy. The provision of rehabilitation following discharge varied considerably. CONCLUSIONS This survey adds to sparse information about rehabilitation RTHR. No consensus emerged about optimal rehabilitation. The diversity in approach and lack of clear structure suggests work is needed to develop rehabilitation interventions that are tailored to this population.
Meloidogyne mayaguensis n. sp. (Meloidogynidae), a Root-knot Nematode from Puerto Rico.

Meloidogyne mayaguensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from galled roots of eggplant, Solanum melongena L. , from Puerto Rico. The perineal pattern of females is round to ovoid with fine, widely spaced striae. It has occasional breaks of striation laterally and a circular tail tip area lacking striae. The stylet, 15.8 mum long, has reniform knobs that merge gradually with the stylet shaft. Males have a high, rectangular, smooth head region, not set off from the body contour. The labial disc is continuous with the medial lips which do not slope posteriorly. The styler, 22.9 mum long, has large rounded backward sloping knobs; the shaft is of uneven diameter. Mean body length of second-stage juveniles is 453.6 mum. The truncate head region is not annulated, and the rounded, slightly raised labial disc and the crescentic medial lips form dumbbell-shaped lip structures. The stylet, 11.6 mum long, has rounded, posteriorly sloping knobs. The slender tail, 54.4 mum long, gradually tapers to a bluntly pointed tip. Tomato, tobacco, pepper, and watermelon are good hosts; cotton and peanut are not hosts. M. mayaguensis n. sp. reproduces by mitotic parthenogenesis and has a somatic chromosome number of 2n = 44-45. The enzyme patterns are unique among Meloidogyne species.
Dominant Strategy Adoption, Efficiency, and Bidders' Experience with Pricing Rules

Truthful revelation is a dominant strategy in both second-price and English (oral ascending bid) private-values auctions. Controlled observations of English auctions are largely consistent with the dominant strategy prediction, but laboratory second-price auctions exhibit substantial and persistent overbidding, even with prior experience. The experience of having bid in an English auction has a significant effect, moving second-price bidders toward the dominant strategy. Two treatments attempting to isolate facets of the lessons from English auction participation are explored.
Determinants of Earnings Management: Evidence from Around the World

The study seeks to investigate the determinants of firm level earnings management (EM) within the context of 44 countries around the world. A sample of 29 430 non-financial companies over the period 1996-2012 were analysed using a series of models that link firm-, industry-, and country-specific characteristics, on the one hand, and EM, on the other. We develop composite measures of accrual (A_EM) and real earnings management (R_EM) using principal component analysis (PCA). To estimate the model parameters we utilise three-stage least square (3SLS) procedures with seemingly unrelated regression (SUR). The study triangulates multiple theories to gain a deeper understanding of firm level EM behaviour and draw policy implications. We find that the nature of the nexus between firm-, industry-, and country-characteristics, on the one hand, EM activity, on the other, is a function of the measure of the EM construct and the reporting environment considered in the analysis. The findings signify that monitoring and reputational concerns, regulatory and market pressures, and information asymmetry issues are drivers behind firm level EM activity around the world.
Changes in body temperature during growth and in response to fasting in growing modern meat type chickens

1. Rectal or core body temperature was determined in a study to examine the effects of fasting in modern meat type broilers at three stages of growth, namely d 19, 33 and 47. 2. There were two treatment groups: fed with feed available ad libitum and fasted. Rectal temperatures were determined at noon (1200 h). At that time, feed was removed from the fasted group. The body temperatures were then determined again after 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. 3. Core body temperatures decreased with fasting. The decrease was evident after as little as 6 h of fasting with a further decline evident by 12 h. 4. Accompanying the decrease in body temperature with fasting there were decreases in the venous concentrations of carbon dioxide in the blood and sodium in the plasma. 5. The decrease in both body temperature and carbon dioxide presumably reflects depressed metabolic rate. 6. Unexpectedly, the core body temperature increased progressively with age in the control fed group (d 19 = 41·04 ± 0·02°C, d 33 = 41·65 ± 0·05°C, d 47 = 42·21 ± 0·12°C). 7. In the fed control group, core body temperatures were reduced at night, when feeding activity would be anticipated to be greatly reduced.
The Impact of Owners and Policy on Small Firms Neus

How important are di fferences in owner personal characteristics (risk tolerance or optimism) versus the environment in which a firm operates (bankru ptcy institutions or access to credit) for firm financial structure, size, owner net-worth a nd welfare? To answer this question we construct a dynamic, computable model with heterogeneou s agents and endogenous default in which entrepreneurs weigh the firm’s current and future re turns. We find that modest di fferences in risk aversion match SSBF data, and the environment i n which a firm operates matters greatly. The option to declare bankruptcy insures an owner a gainst extreme current loss and the ability to bail out the firm with personal funds preserves the potential for high future gains. We find that welfare gains from bankruptcy reform or improved access to credit are substantial, especially for agents most willing to bear risk. Risk aversi on also affects firm legal status: we show that incorporation always leads to higher welfare for l ess risk averse entrepreneurs while the more risk averse may have higher welfare by remaining uni ncorporated. The more risk averse cannot credibly commit ex-ante to refrain from defau lt ex post; having some personal assets that would be seized in bankruptcy mitigates this pro blem. In contrast, the firms of the less risk averse are larger and have higher future value, whi ch credibly limits their incentive to default. JEL Classification Numbers: D92, E01, G33, G38, L25, L26
FAST FOOD CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR AND PERCEPTIONS OF YOUNG INDIAN CONSUMERS TOWARDS ORGANISED FAST FOOD OUTLETS

The young consumers form an important segment for the marketers. As members of a highly consumption oriented society, youngsters have become increasingly aware of new products and brands. It is well known that organized fast food services have already made their presence felt in a big way in almost all the major cities of India. The fast food outlets attract customers with their unique blend of tasty food, music, aroma, colorful images and other aesthetic appeals. Hence, these fast food services try to lure its customers through sensory appeals. Customers belonging to different age groups flock towards these outlets to satisfy their taste buds and hedonistic needs. Out of all the age groups, the youngsters are considered to be the primary target by the fast food service industry. Fast food service is a very fast growing industry in the world as well as in India especially in urban areas. However, not much research literature is available on fast food preferences of consumers especially young consumers in India (Goyal and Singh, 2007). Hence, this study attempts to understand the fast food consumption behavior and perceptions of young consumers towards organized fast food outlets.