Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATING THE INTRA-ANCESTRAL MORPHOMETRIC VARIATIONS OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY OF THE PROXIMAL HUMERUS

Purpose: The knowledge of the normal geometrical characteristics of the proximal humerus is crucial to the success of its arthroplasty. This important information, is however, limited for the South African population. Therefore, this study investigates the three-dimensional morphometric parameters, specifically examining the intra-ancestral differences within the South African population. Methods: With the aid of geometry extraction techniques, various morphometric characteristics were measured on South African cadaveric humeri originating from three ethnicities including whites, blacks, and mixed in the ratio 1:2:4. Results: There is a significant mean difference in humeral head diameter between blacks and whites and between mixed and whites with a mean difference of [Formula: see text]4.86, 95% CI ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text], 95% CI ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), respectively. Similarly, for articular surface diameter, a significant mean difference of [Formula: see text], 95% CI ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text], 95% CI ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) were recorded between blacks and whites and between mixed and whites, respectively. Conclusion: The outcome of our study showed that the shape of the South African proximal humerus varies distinctively within the different ethnicities that were measured. The findings from this study may provide the data required to design and develop a new shoulder implant appropriate for South African patients.
Assessment of substance abuse and risky sexual behaviour among female sex workers in Addis-ketema sub city, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia

The global burden of substance use is substantial, accounting for 8.9% of productive life lost annually due to disability and premature mortality, as measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Among the ten leading risk factors in terms of avoidable disease burden, tobacco was fourth and alcohol fifth in 2000 and both remain high on the list in the 2010 and 2020 projections. Within any HIV epidemic, sex workers have been one of the groups most vulnerable and at risk of HIV infection due to their substance use and multiple sexual partners spanning multiple sexual networks. High rates of other sexually transmitted infections and unsafe sexual practices further increase the probability of HIV transmission in sex workers. As a result of the risks involved and their vulnerabilities. To assess the prevalence of substance use and magnitude of risky sexual behavior and its association with substance use among female sex workers in Addis-ketema sub city, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia. Community based descriptive cross sectional study which employed quantitative approach was conducted on substance use among Addis-ketema female sex workers from April 1st to 30th 2015. Structured questionnaire was used to measure the magnitude and associated factors for substance use on a total sample size of 425 Addis-ketema sub-city female sex workers. The sample size was determine by using single population proportion formula and simple random sampling technique was used to get study subjects. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to see the association between each independent variable with outcome variable and then variables that showed significant association were included in a single model, and multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify the most significant predictors. This study revealed that a significant proportion (58.2%) of sex workers abused substances. Prevalence of consistent condom use among female sex workers in Addis-ketema Sub-city Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia was 28.1%. Substance use among female sex workers was significantly associated with marital status of the respondents (AOR = 0.5, 95%, CI = 0.21, 0.99), educational status of the respondents (AOR = 0.1, 95%, CI = 0.02, 0.66), monthly income (AOR = 0.6, 95%, CI = 0.27, 1.32), and risky sexual behaviour (AOR = 2.7, 95%, CI = 1.44, 5.18). The overall prevalence of consistent condom use among Addis-Ketema female sex workers was very low and the main predictors of substance use were found to be risky sexual behaviour, marital status knowledge, educational status and monthly income. Therefore, interventions targeting the predictors are recommended. Key words: Substance use, risky sexual behavior, HIV/AIDS.
A radiographic study on craniofacial morphology and dental development in the Jordanian patients with ß-thalassemia major

Objective of the Study: This study aimed to study the cephalometric features of Jordanian patients diagnosed with ß-thalassemia major and compare their dental development with their chronological age. Subjects and Methods: This was a case–control study. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 27 thalassemia patients and controls (matched for age and ethnic origin) were analyzed and compared. Panoramic radiographs of 18 thalassemia patients were analyzed by the Demirjian system to assess their dental development and compare with their chronological age using t-test, with P < 0.05 set as the level of statistical significance. Results: Thalassemia patients exhibited a highly significant difference, compared to the controls, in sagittal relationship (ANB), mandibular plane inclination (MxP/MnP), anterior rotation of the maxilla (SN/Mxp), the ratio of posterior to anterior face height, and the upper incisors' distance to the maxillary base (P < 0.005). Prominent upper and lower lips (P < 0.001) and an acute nasolabial angle (P < 0.05) were evident in thalassemia patients compared to controls. Thalassemia patients had a delay in dental development with advancing age. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001) between the extent of this delay and chronological age, which indicates that the delay increases, as the patient gets older. Conclusions: Jordanian ß-thalassemia major patients have a Class II skeletal pattern, a prominent vertical growth direction of the mandible, protruded upper and lower lips, and proclined upper incisors. Furthermore, they have a delay in dental development with advancing age.
Apps for oral hygiene in children 4 to 7 years: Fun and effectiveness

Background Nowadays apps in preschool age are largely used in learning improvement. The aim of this work was to test effectiveness of apps in improving oral hygiene in children patients aged from 4 to 7 years and evaluating correlation between parents educational attainment and children oral hygiene. Material and Methods 100 patients aged from 4 to 7 years were randomly assigned by an external office in the study group (SG: 32 females, 18 males) and in the control group (CG: 28 females and 22 males). Plaque index (PI) and carious lesions localisation were detected. At baseline all patients and one of the parents were instructed at chair-side about the proper oral hygiene techniques. SG patients were also given app as an aid in oral hygiene practice. Follow-up was 12 months. Measurements were made every three months at chair-side visits. Information about children compliance in oral hygiene and educational level of parents were obtained by questionnaires at t0 and after 12 months. Results SG patients showed stronger oral hygiene and PI lower than those in CG. Questionnaire showed higher compliance of SG patients and parents educational level seemed to affect children oral hygiene. Conclusions Apps in children allowed achieving encouraging results with improvement of oral hygiene and health. Key words:Apps, oral hygiene compliance, children oral hygiene, motivation, educational attainment.
Study of Demarcation Line Depth in Transepithelial versus Epithelium-Off Accelerated Cross-Linking (AXL) in Keratoconus

Aim This is a prospective interventional clinical trial to assess the depth of the demarcation line in transepithelial versus epithelium-off accelerated corneal cross-linking (AXL) in keratoconus patients. Methods This prospective clinical trial was conducted on 40 eyes of 20 patients. Each patient had transepithelial AXL in one eye and epithelium-off AXL in the contralateral eye applying UVA light with an irradiance of 45 mW/cm2 for 2.4 minutes and 30 mW/cm2 for 4 minutes. The depth of the demarcation line was measured using anterior segment OCT (Topcon 3D OCT-2000) one month postoperative for both eyes. Results The demarcation line was patchy in 50% of the transepithelial AXL eyes, the other half showing a demarcation line at a mean depth of 183 ± 41.6 μm. In the epithelium-off AXL technique, the demarcation line was well defined in all cases with a mean depth of 219 ± 27.3 μm. There was a statistically significant difference in corneal demarcation line depth between transepithelial and epithelium-off techniques (P = 0.008 and P < 0.05). The shallower demarcation line in the transepithelial group suggests that it is less effective. Conclusion Based on the depth of the demarcation line, the cross-linking effect of epi-off AXL seems more efficacious than after transepithelial AXL. The future will show if the biomechanical effect will be sufficient to stop progression of keratoconus similarly after standard CXL. This trial is registered with NCT04045626.
Clinical presentation, aetiology, course and short term outcome of acute bacterial meningitis in children with and without clinical HIV infection

A prospective descriptive study involving 55 patients between 1 60 months of age was undertaken at Harare Central Hospital to find out whether there are any differences in the clinical presentation, aetiology and short term outcome of bacterial meningitis in those with clinical HIV infection and those without. Clinical HIV infection was diagnosed in 24 (44%) of the children. There were no apparent differences in the clinical features or aetiology of meningitis. The case fatality rate (CFR) for the study population was 20% of which 45% had clinical HIV infection. The main predictor for mortality was unconsciousness on admission. Seizures occurring before and after admission were a significant risk factor for neurological abnormalities on discharge from hospital. Eight of the 27 (30%) seen on follow up had evidence of neurologic sequelae. Hearing loss was present in 4 of the 15 patients that were tested. Clinical HIV infection was not a risk factor for neurologic sequelae. Children who had clinical HIV infection responded well to the standard treatment given for acute bacterial meningitis and their short term outcome was not different from those without HIV infection. ABBREVIATIONS AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome CFR Case fatality rate CNS Central nervous system CSF Cerebrospinal fluid HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus H. influenza b Haemophilus influenza type b H. parainfluenza Haemophilus parainfluenza LA Latex Agglutination N. meningitis Neisseria meningitidis PEM Protein Energy Malnutrition S. Pneumonia Streptococcus pneumoniae S. viridans Streptococcus viridans USA United States of America WHO World Health Organisation
System of delay differential equations with application in dengue fever

Dengue fever is endemic in tropical and sub-tropical countries, and some of the important features of Dengue fever spread continue posing challenges for mathematical modelling. We propose a model, namely a system of integro-differential equations, to study a multi-serotype infectious disease. The main purpose is to include and analyse the effect of a general time delay on the model describing the length of the cross immunity protection and the effect of Antibody Dependent Enhancement (ADE), both characteristics of Dengue fever. Analysing the system, we could find the equilibriums in the invariant region. A coexistence endemic equilibrium within the region was proved, even for the asymmetric case. The local stability for the disease free equilibrium and for the boundary endemic equilibriums were proved. We have also results about the stability of the solutions of the system, that is completely determined by the Basic Reproduction Number and by the Invasion Reproduction Number, defined mathematically, as a threshold value for stability. The global dynamics is investigated by constructing suitable Lyapunov functions. Bifurcations structure and the solutions of the system were shown through numerical analysis indicating oscillatory dynamics for specific value of the parameter representing the ADE. The analytical results prove the instability of the coexistence endemic equilibrium, showing complex dynamics. Finally, mortality due to the disease is added to the original system. Analysis and discussions are made for this model as perturbation of the original non-linear system.
High interleukin-8 and/or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Interleukin (IL)-8 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 2 play key roles in tumor progression, but the relationship between IL-8 and/or ERK2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and postoperative recurrence or survival is unclear. The expression levels of IL-8 and ERK2 in both HCC tissues and non-tumor liver tissues were analyzed using the Oncomine™ database and immunohistochemistry assay. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was then used to evaluate the expression levels of IL-8 and ERK2 in the tumor tissues of 67 patients with HCC undergoing radical hepatectomy. Pearson's correlation, Kaplan-Meier, Cox univariate and multivariate survival analyses were utilized to determine the correlation between IL-8 and ERK2 expression in HCC tissues, and their potential prognostic significance. As indicated by the data from the Oncomine™ database, and the patient samples, IL-8 and ERK2 were expressed at significantly higher levels in HCC tissues than in non-tumor liver tissues (P<0.05). The rates of high IL-8 and ERK2 expression in HCC tissues were 43.28 (29/67) and 34.33% (23/67), respectively, and the IL-8 and ERK2 expression levels were positively correlated (r=0.764; P<0.001). Both ERK2 expression and IL-8/ERK2 co-expression were significantly associated with tumor size and differentiation (P<0.05). Additionally, high expression levels of IL-8, ERK2 and IL-8/ERK2 co-expression were all significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS; P<0.05) and disease-free survival (DFS; P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis also showed that high expression levels of IL-8, ERK2, and IL-8 and ERK2 were independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS (P<0.05). The results of the present study indicate a significant increase in the risk of recurrence and mortality in HCC patients with high expression levels of IL-8 and/or ERK2, compared with patients with low expression. Therefore, IL-8 and ERK2 may be predictors of postoperative prognosis in patients with HCC.
Assessment of inappropriate medication use in Jordanian elderly hospitalized patients using 2015 Beers criteria

Introduction: Inappropriate prescribing in the elderly is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Using 2015 Beers criteria update, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of inappropriate medication prescribing among elderly non-critically ill inpatients and to identify factors associated with inappropriate prescribing. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study included patients aged 65 years and over admitted to the internal medicine and surgical wards. Using 2015 Beers criteria, we assessed potentially inappropriate medication prescribing, both prior to admission and during the hospital stay. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the predictors of PIM. Results: Among 351 patients, the use of at least one PIM was identified in 29.3% of cases prior to admission, 98% of which continued to receive PIMs during the hospital stay. Additionally, at least one potentially inappropriate medication was identified in 47.2% of patients during the hospital stay. The most common PIMs prior to admission were proton pump inhibitors (26.2%), followed by alpha blockers (5.1%) and digoxin (4%). Proton pump inhibitors were also the most common PIMs in the hospital (42.5%), followed by alpha blockers (4.8%) and metoclopramide (4.3%). According to the binary logistic regression analysis, factors that significantly affected PIM prescription in the hospital were the number of drugs prescribed in the hospital (odds ratio 1.222, P=0.001) and medical ward admission (odds ratio 1.686, P=0.035). Conclusion: There is an alarmingly high prevalence of PIM use among Jordanian elderly patients, with polypharmacy being its major factor.
Cytomorphological Characterization of Individual Metastatic Tumor Cells from Gastrointestinal Cancer Patient Lymph Nodes with Imaging Flow Cytometry

The presence or absence of tumor cells within patient lymph nodes is an important prognostic indicator in a number of cancer types and an essential element of the staging process. However, patients with the same pathological stage will not necessarily have the same outcome. Therefore, additional factors may aid in identifying patients at a greater risk of developing metastasis. In this proof of principle study, initially, spiked tumor cells in rat lymph nodes were used to mimic a node with a small cancer deposit. Next, human lymph nodes were obtained from cancer patients for morphological characterization. Nodes were dissociated with a manual tissue homogenizer and stained with fluorescent antibodies against CD45 and Pan-Cytokeratin and then imaging flow cytometry (AMNIS ImageStreamX Mark II) was performed. We show here that imaging flow cytometry can be used for the detection and characterization of small numbers of cancer cells in lymph nodes and we also demonstrate the phenotypical and morphological characterization of cancer cells in gastrointestinal cancer patient lymph nodes. When used in addition to conventional histological techniques, this high throughput detection of tumor cells in lymph nodes may offer additional information assisting in the staging process with therapeutic and prognostic applications.
Efficacy and acceptability of three prolactin-sparing antipsychotics in patient with schizophrenia: a network meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background: The present study aimed to systematically evaluate three prolactin-sparing antipsychotics for treating schizophrenia. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of three prolactin-sparing antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia. Endpoints of interest were the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) and acceptability (all cause discontinuation). Results: A total of 12 trials (2,723 patients) and three drugs (aripiprazole, quetiapine, and ziprasidone) were included. On the PANSS scale, aripiprazole (mean difference [MD]: −6.98, 95% CrI: −12.35, −1.38) was statistically more effective than placebo. When assessed by BPRS, aripiprazole (MD: −9.01, 95% CrI: −15.81, −3.12), quetiapine (MD: −7.13, 95% CrI: −9.78, −4.29) and ziprasidone (MD: −4.97, 95% CrI: 9.96, −0.21) had greater efficacy, when compared to placebo. Regarding CGI-S, quetiapine (MD: −0.55, 95% CrI: −0.82, −0.25) was significantly superior to placebo. In terms of acceptability, aripiprazole (OR: 0.54, 95% CrI: 0.41, 0.73), quetiapine (OR: 0.49, 95% CrI: 0.36, 0.68) and ziprasidone (OR: 0.68, 95% CrI: 0.48, 0.96) were more acceptable than placebo. The benefit risk analysis revealed that quetiapine has the best efficacy and acceptability profile among the three prolactin-sparing antipsychotics. Conclusions: Quetiapine may offer an optimal benefit-risk balance when a prolactin-sparing antipsychotic is indicated.
A Coverless Information Hiding Algorithm Based on Grayscale Gradient Co-occurrence Matrix

ABSTRACT In this paper, a coverless information hiding algorithm is introduced. In which, the grayscale gradient co-occurrence matrix is used to encode images and the mapping relationship between the images and the random numbers is used to express the payload information. There are three steps for this algorithm. Firstly, the grayscale gradient co-occurrence matrix of cover image is calculated, in accordance with which a descriptor is introduced. Secondly, the descriptor is quantized into a binary sequence to construct a mapping relationship between the cover image and the binary random numbers. Finally, the binary secret information sequence is divided into many segments, and the correct images corresponding to those segments are selected from the image database according to the mapping relationship. Moreover, the secret information is encrypted by Turbo encoder to improve the security. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a good tolerance towards JPEG compression attack and low-pass filter attack. This promising algorithm which can be applied into remote sensing satellites leads an applied value in covert communication with high-security.
THE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF THE OVARY AND GENITAL TRACT

Jlid . the patient of her infection. But apart from the . great difficulty' of deciding upon' 'the, propel' cases for: operation. the results of hysterectomy are very bad. ' In "conclueiou. may I again r-mphasize that in the treatment of puerperal infection prophylaxis should occupy the most important place. So much can be done by prevention and so little by treatment that our efforts must continue to be concentrated on 'asepsis and on a physiological conduct of labour. Conservatism and reliance upon Nature's own , powers of healing are the guiding principles of treatment.
Comparative performance assessment of composite indicators for DMFT, DMFS, FS-T and T-Health indices among a 35-44 year old urban population: A cross-sectional study

Several limitations of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) (DMF surfaces [DMFS]) have been addressed with the introduction of new composite indicators such as filled and sound teeth (FS-T) and T-health. These indices not only reflect the determinants of oral health but also reveal the utilization of health services and help in planning health programs. The objectives of this study were to assess the dentition status and extract DMFT, DMFS, FS-T, and T-health scores and to determine which of the four would represent the dentition status of a population. A cross-sectional study was planned to collect data through probability proportionate sampling. Participants: Two hundred and forty-one individuals aged between 35–44 years old residing in Bangalore city. Sociodemographic data were collected and oral examination of subjects was done to obtain the scores for DMFT, DMFS, FS-T, and T-health indices. Data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS version 19. DMFS index showed maximum variance of 8.5% followed by T-health index which was 7.7%. FS-T showed the variance of 7.2%. Among the individual components, missing teeth component and sound functional teeth showed the maximum variance of 7.6% and 7.1%, respectively. DMFS as an indicator of dentition status is more sensitive than the other three compared indices in identifying sociodemographic factors, utilization of health services by a population, and perceptions about oral health as determinants of oral health.
Multidisciplinary approach to children with sinonasal tumors: A review

Sinonasal tumors in children are rare and difficult to manage. These tumors can be broadly categorized into congenital or acquired and benign or malignant. The tumors mainly arise from the mucosa, cartilage, or bone of the nasal cavity and may occupy areas of the nasal septum, turbinates, osteomeatal complex, sinuses, and nasopharynx. The management of pediatric sinonasal tumors is challenging, especially in cases of malignancy. Malignant tumors pose a treatment dilemma because most such tumors tend to be aggressive and carry a poor prognosis. Multiple complications associated with the primary disease or treatment may occur, and such complications need to be fully addressed to provide optimal care. In most cases, a multidisciplinary team approach will offer the best possible outcome for children with sinonasal tumors.