Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracing inflows and outflows with absorption lines in circumgalactic gas

We examine how HI and metal absorption lines within low-redshift galaxy halos trace the dynamical state of circumgalactic gas, using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations that include a well-vetted heuristic model for galactic outflows. We categorize inflowing, outflowing, and ambient gas based on its history and fate as tracked in our simulation. Following our earlier work showing that the ionisation level of absorbers was a primary factor in determining the physical conditions of absorbing gas, we show here that it is also a governing factor for its dynamical state. Low-ionisation metal absorbers (e.g. MgII) tend to arise in gas that will fall onto galaxies within several Gyr, while high-ionisation metal absorbers (e.g. OVI) generally trace material that was deposited by outflows many Gyr ago. Inflowing gas is dominated by enriched material that was previously ejected in an outflow, hence accretion at low redshifts is typically substantially enriched. Recycling wind material is preferentially found closer to galaxies, and is more dominant in lower-mass halos since high-mass halos have more hot gas that is able to support itself against infall. Low-mass halos also tend to re-eject more of their accreted material, owing to our outflow prescription that employs higher mass loading factors for lower-mass galaxies. Typical HI absorbers trace unenriched ambient material that is not participating in the baryon cycle, but stronger HI absorbers arise in cool, enriched inflowing gas. Instantaneous radial velocity measures of absorbers are generally poor at distinguishing between inflowing and outflowing gas, except in the case of very recent outflows. These results suggest that probing halo gas using a range of absorbers can provide detailed information about the amount and physical conditions of material that is participating in the baryon cycle.
Evaluation of Germination and Emergence Behaviors of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars under Limited Irrigation

The effect of deficit irrigation on canola seed germination and emergence behavior was evaluated in field and laboratory. Field experiment conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications and laboratory experiment was carried out factorial in a form of completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included 20 cultivars and irrigation factor (irrigation after 80 mm evaporate from pan of class A and no irrigation after stemming). The results showed that mean daily germination and final germination percentage were significantly affected by irrigation in laboratory tests. Also mean daily emergence, daily emergence speed, final emergence percentage (FGP) and emergence stability percentage were significantly affected by irrigation in field. Positive correlation was observed between mean daily emergence with seedling length, seedling vigor index (SVI) at standard germination test, final emergence percent and seedling stability percentage (at field). Results of cold test displayed SVI correlated with mean emergence percentage. Furthermore final emergence percentage was correlated positively with mean daily emergence during accelerated ageing test.
Frequency and Clinical Manifestations of Pediatric Brucellosis in Iran: A Systematic Review

Background Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that is widely distributed throughout the developing countries. Children are considered as at risk groups for infection. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and clinical manifestations of Brucellosis in Iranian children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched international databases; ISI, Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and national databases Irandoc, Barakat knowledge network system, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database (SID). The search strategy was developed based on main terms of "Brucellosis," "Brucella fever", "Gibraltar", "Rock Fever", "Undulant Fever", "Cyprus Fever", "Malta Fever", and "Bang Disease". Results: A total of 885 studies were identified, from them a total of 12 studies that were conducted between 2001 and 2016 were included. Following the relevancy assessments and quality control, data from the 1,429 participants were presented in our review. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 18 years. Only one out of twelve studies provided the prevalence of 4.30% and 3.4 incidence. Studies varied greatly in reporting high risk behavior of animal contact (8.4 to76.0%) and unpasteurized dairy (22.4 to 91.6%). Conclusion Our finding reveals the disparity of reported prevalence and clinical manifestations of Brucellosis in Iranian children. Fever and joint pain were the most frequent reported signs. Differences in study design, measurement tools and methods, and sub population sampling, does not provide the possibility of aggregation of data for more comprehensive inference.
Profitability, Diversification, and Multinationality in Leading German and UK Firms

This paper analyzes the relationship between product and geographic diversification and profitability in leading German and UK firms. Using a unique and disaggregated dataset, we first link a firmi¦s level of product and geographic diversification to both industry and firm-specific factors. The impact of the Single European Market and industry type are found to be important in explaining diversification levels. Secondly, during the early 1990s, we find evidence of a curvilinear relationship between profitability and product diversification for German firms but between profitability and geographic diversification for UK firms. Diversification and multinationality are found to be complementary strategies for German firms but substitute strategies for UK firms.
A practical algorithm management of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive disorder and a common occurrence in aging men, characterized by increased risk of acute urinary retention (AUR) and which may eventually require surgery due to enlargement of the prostate. The treatment of BPH is a choice between no treatment (watch-and-wait scenario), various surgical procedures, and pharmacotherapy in the majority of cases (>80%). Pharmacotherapy of BPH is based on two concepts, i.e. fi rstly, that alpha–adrenergic blockade reduces smooth muscle tone in the prostate and bladder neck, and secondly that 5 alpha–reductase inhibition causes atrophy of prostate epithelium. Studies have shown that both classes of drugs used as monotherapy produced improvements in patients symptoms. Combination therapy of those drugs is most appropriate in men who are symptomatic, are at high risk of progression of enlarged of prostate (EP), and produced improvements in patients with BPH (relief of voiding symptoms, improvement in urinary fl ow and quality of life). Surgical treatment should be considered for patients with progressive disease and complications of BPH, and who present worsening of symptoms not adequately controlled by medical therapy. This article discusses diagnosis and treatment strategies for BPH and proposes a practical algorithm for treatment based on available literature data and the author’s clinical experience.
Considering the impact of smoking on DNA methylation in Understanding Society

Smoking is a huge issue for social health and consequently there has been much research considering the relationship between tobacco use and many biological processes. One interesting field of study has identified epigenetic signatures of smoking using DNA methylation profiles. Up to this point, these studies were mostly carried out using the 450K BeadChip technology from Illumina. The new Infinium EPIC array is capable of quantifying DNA methylation at almost double the number of CpG sites and was used on whole blood from around 1200 participants of Understanding Society. This allowed integration of the household study’s rich smoking-related data with DNA methylation levels spanning the entire genome using linear modelling. The R package limma was used for this and allowed the identification of novel, smoking-associated loci in this study that were differentially methylated between smokers and non-smokers. These regressions also revealed a decrease in the number, and thus significance, of probes differentially methylated with smoking in former smokers compared to current smokers, supporting the idea than these changes are reversed upon cessation. Additionally, this study showed that DNA methylation levels within smokers varied with increasing dosage whereby duration of tobacco use appears to be more important than intensity in driving changes to the methylome caused by smoking. Furthermore, this differential methylation was reversed once a person had quit smoking and the degree of this decay increased with cessation years. Taking these findings, it was then possible to create two quantifiable DNA methylation-based biomarkers of smoking capable of predicting both years spent smoking in current smokers and years since quitting in former smokers. This may then prove to be a useful tool in characterising disease risk given the number of differentially methylated loci located in important health-related genes, especially if DNA methylation is indeed related to their expression.
CANDELS/GOODS-S, CDFS, AND ECDFS: PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS FOR NORMAL AND X-RAY-DETECTED GALAXIES

We present photometric redshifts and associated probability distributions for all detected sources in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDFS). This work makes use of the most up-to-date data from the Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Legacy Survey (CANDELS) and the Taiwan ECDFS Near-Infrared Survey (TENIS) in addition to other data. We also revisit multi-wavelength counterparts for published X-ray sources from the 4 Ms CDFS and 250 ks ECDFS surveys, finding reliable counterparts for 1207 out of 1259 sources (∼96%). Data used for photometric redshifts include intermediate-band photometry deblended using the TFIT method, which is used for the first time in this work. Photometric redshifts for X-ray source counterparts are based on a new library of active galactic nuclei/galaxy hybrid templates appropriate for the faint X-ray population in the CDFS. Photometric redshift accuracy for normal galaxies is 0.010 and for X-ray sources is 0.014 and outlier fractions are 4% and 5.2%, respectively. The results within the CANDELS coverage area are even better, as demonstrated both by spectroscopic comparison and by galaxy-pair statistics. Intermediate-band photometry, even if shallow, is valuable when combined with deep broadband photometry. For best accuracy, templates must include emission lines.
Democratization, post-industrialization, and East Asian welfare capitalism: the politics of welfare state reform in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan

This review article provides an overview of the scholarship on the establishment and reform of East Asian welfare capitalism. The developmental welfare state theory and the related productivist welfare regime approach have dominated the study of welfare states in the region. This essay, however, shows that a growing body of research challenges the dominant literature. We identify two key driving factors of welfare reform in East Asia, namely democratization and post-industrialization; and discuss how these two drivers have undermined the political and functional underpinnings of the post-war equilibrium of the East Asian welfare/production regime. Its unfolding transformation and the new politics of social policy in the region challenge the notion of “East Asian exceptionalism”, and we suggest that recent welfare reforms call for a better integration of the region into the literature of advanced political economies to allow for cross-fertilization between Eastern and Western literatures.
Daylighting , Space , and Architecture : A Literature

Daylighting dynamism and constant change can characterize buildings and spaces with a living quality that cannot be achieved with any other design element. However, daylighting can create unwanted lighting conditions in the visual field causing discomfort and glare. This may affect the performance of building occupants such as workers or students. Consequently, designing for daylighting needs a good understanding of daylighting. Designers can rely on information from simulation software to re-imagine the space, especially to examine possible unexpected visual discomfort conditions. This paper aims to represent different visual comfort evaluation methods that can help decision-makers make better informed decisions. Different definitions and structures associated with daylight and glare are examined. It also presents a review of the literature of previous research conducted on daylighting, visual comfort analysis and glare studies. Permissions and copyright Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal (Attribution-ShareAlike). Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. How to cite: Hafiz, Dalia. 2015. “Daylighting, Space, And Architecture: A Literature Review. ” Enquiry 12 (1): 1-8. http://dx.doi. org/10.17831/enq:arcc.v12i1. 391
On the Krein–Milman–Ky Fan theorem for convex compact metrizable sets

The Krein-Milman theorem (1940) states that every convex compact subset of a Hausdorff locally convex topological space, is the closed convex hull of its extreme points. In 1963, Ky Fan extended the Krein-Milman theorem to the general framework of $\Phi$-convexity. Under general conditions on the class of functions $\Phi$, the Krein-Milman-Ky Fan theorem asserts then, that every compact $\Phi$-convex subset of a Hausdorff space, is the $\Phi$-convex hull of its $\Phi$-extremal points. We prove in this paper that, in the metrizable case the situation is rather better. Indeed, we can replace the set of $\Phi$-extremal points by the smaller subset of $\Phi$-exposed points. We establish under general conditions on the class of functions $\Phi$, that every $\Phi$-convex compact metrizable subset of a Hausdorff space, is the $\Phi$-convex hull of its $\Phi$-exposed points. As a consequence we obtain that each convex weak compact metrizable (resp. convex weak$^*$ compact metrizable) subset of a Banach space (resp. of a dual Banach space), is the closed convex hull of its exposed points (resp. the weak$^*$ closed convex hull of its weak$^*$ exposed points). This result fails in general for compact $\Phi$-convex subsets that are not metrizable.
Assessment of Advertising Effectiveness Through Audience’s Eye Movements

The evaluation of advertisement effectiveness during the advertisement design phase and pre-launch phase is critical for the advertisement’s success in the targeted market. This evaluation should predict advertisement’s final performance as accurately as possible. In today’s advertisement business, questionnaire-based evaluation methods, such as attitude and opinion rating are widely used. To obtain good survey results, high quality questionnaires and proper interviewing procedures have to be developed with the support of the competent execution and supervision. These activities are usually costly even though some of them can be conducted online. This paper proposes a novel method for assessing the advertisement effectiveness through the automated capturing and analyzing of audiences’ eye movements. This method is based on the assumption that some attributes of audiences’ eye movements are correlated to their visual attention defined in the context of advertisement effectiveness. To validate our research hypotheses, experiments were conducted. In the experiments, subjects were required to watch several advertisements in sequence and the subjects’ eye movement data were collected simultaneously. By analyzing the data patterns and comparing them with the effectiveness evaluation obtained from questionnaire-based method, we found that the proposed method produces similar evaluations to those resulted from the traditional attitude and opinion rating method.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Conversions of Surface Grain-Size Samples Collected and Recorded Using Different Procedures

AbstractInformation about the grain-size distribution of the surface layer of sediment exposed on riverbeds is often critical in studies of fluvial hydraulics, geomorphology, and ecology. A variety of sampling and analysis techniques are in common usage that produce grain-size distributions that are not directly comparable. This paper seeks to explore the appropriate conversions between different types of surface grain-size sampling methods. This is particularly timely in the light of increasingly widespread use of automatic and semiautomatic image-based measurement methods, the comparability of which with conventional measurement methods is relatively poorly constrained. For conversions between area-by-number (paint-and-pick) and grid-by-number (pebble-count) samples, the empirically derived conversion factor (±2.2) was found to be greater than that predicted by the Kellerhals and Bray model (±2), but the errors associated with using the value predicted by the model were small (3.8% in mm). For conversio.
Oestrus behaviour and performance in vivo of Saanen goats raised in northeast of Brazil.

Abstract: In order to verify the oestrus activity and to observe the body weight of Saanen goats, when reared in intensive condition of Northeast Brazil during four different seasons, ten adult Saanen goats were used. In this experiment four climatic seasons were considered; early rainy (ER), late rainy (LR), early dry (ED) and late dry (LD). Oestrus behaviour was monitored twice a day (8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.) during all the experiment, using two vasectomised bucks. The oestrus cycles were quantified within each season and classified as short ( 25 days). The goats were weighed every seven days. During the late rainy season, a significant fall of the mean body weight of the animals was observed when compared to early rainy season. A larger percentage of goats in oestrus were observed during the late rainy season. Oestrus duration was longer in the late rainy and early dry season than in early rainy and late dry season. During the experiment, there were 12.0% of short cycles, 50.3% of normal cycles and 37.7% of long cycles. The percentages of abnormal cycles (short and long cycles), in relation to total cycles monitored in each season were 52, 58, 38 and 50% for early rainy, late rainy, early dry and late dry, respectively. From the results of this study it can be concluded that pen-fed Saanen goats do not show seasonality for oestrus behaviour. Rainfall appeared to be an extero-receptive factor influencing the quality of sexual activity and performance in these goats.
Erythrocyte oxidative stress in clinical management of diabetes and its cardiovascular complication : A review

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in its own capacity, but it is also regarded as both a cardiovascular risk factor as well as a cardiovascular disease due to its propensity to progress to a stage of cardiovascular co-morbidity. The pathophysiology of cardiovascular complication in diabetes has been consistently reported to involve hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress. The erythrocyte has an array of endogenous antioxidants involved in quenching both oxidant production and the exponential chain reactions in diabetes. When the erythrocyte is oxidatively stressed, evidenced by depleted level of reduced glutathione and/or increased malondialdehyde in the erythrocyte membrane, the risk of diabetes progression and its cardiovascular sequelae including atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease become exacerbated. Virtually all studies that determined erythrocyte malondialdehyde and glutathione in diabetes have shown consistent increased and reduced levels respectively. Furthermore, cardiovascular complication of diabetes has been reported to commence at the prediabetes stage. Current coronary artery disease screening programs based on the presence of two or more risk factors being present are failing to identify optimal numbers with increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular complications, thereby limiting early interventions. Screening that includes erythrocyte oxidative stress determination may provide an additional marker for both preclinical and advanced disease. In this review, a concise description of erythrocyte oxidative stress involvement in diabetes mellitus and its cardiovascular sequelae is presented. Antioxidant action and interaction within the erythrocyte is also described with emphasis on why current coronary artery disease screening markers do not extrapolate to the erythrocyte oxidative stress markers.
New Constitutive Relations for RC Elements Strengthened with FRP Sheets by

Fiber-reinforced Polymer (FRP) started to find its way as an economical alternative material in civil engineering during the early 1970s. The behavior and failure modes for FRP composite structures were studied through extensive experimental and analytical investigations. While research related to the flexural behavior of FRP-strengthened elements has reached a mature phase, studies related to FRP shear strengthening is still in a less advanced stage. In all proposed models to predict the shear capacity, the constitutive behavior of concrete and FRP was described independently. The true behavior, however, should account for the high level of interaction between the two materials. Constitutive relations for FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete elements should provide a better understanding of the shear behavior of the composite structure. In order to generate these relations, large-scale tests of a series of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete panel elements subjected to pure shear are conducted. The University of Houston is equipped with a unique universal panel testing machine that was used for this purpose. The paper presents the results of the test program and the calibration of the parameters of the constitutive model. These new constitutive laws could be easily implemented into finite element models to predict the behavior of externally bonded FRP strengthened beams.