Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
abundance of giant sea anemones and patterns of association with anemonefish in the northern red sea

patterns of distribution and abundance of giant sea anemones and anemonefish were compared among coral reefs along the coastline of sinai in the northern red sea. the sea anemones varied widely in abundance between reef areas containing different habitat types. they were rare on steep reef slopes with abundant coral cover (=low-density anemone sites, 0.09–0.68 anemones per 1000 m2 of reef area), but were common at a site containing patch reefs interspersed with sand (=high-density anemone site, 6.00–8.11 anemones per 1000 m2). distributions of the endemic two-band anemonefish (amphiprion bicinctus) varied significantly between the two main host anemone species. at the high-density site, individuals of the sea anemone heteractis crispa either did not contain anemonefish, or were occupied by single juvenile fish as shown in previous studies. at low-density sites h. crispa usually hosted clusters of juvenile anemonefish. in contrast, individuals of the sea anemone entacmaea quadricolor hosted either single adult fish (high-density site) or pairs of breeding adults (low-density sites), frequently in addition to some juvenile fish. mechanisms that prevent anemonefish from reaching adult size and forming breeding pairs in h. crispa may include high fish mortality above a size threshold because this host cannot adequately protect them from predation when they become large, active emigration of fish to e. quadricolor as described in previous reports, and/or environmentally-controlled cessation of fish growth. we conclude that in the northern red sea, individuals of h. crispa potentially serve as nurseries for anemonefish.
Localized Knowledge Spillovers and Patent Citations: A Distance-Based Approach

Abstract We develop a new distance-based test of localized knowledge spillovers that embeds the concept of control patents. Using microgeographic data, we identify localization distance for each technology class while allowing for spillovers across geographic units. We revisit the debate between Thompson and Fox-Kean (2005a, 2005b) and Henderson, Jaffe, and Trajtenberg (2005) on the existence of localized knowledge spillovers and find solid evidence supporting localization even when using finely grained controls. Unless biases induced by imperfect matching between citing and control patents due to unobserved heterogeneity are extremely large, our distance-based test detects localization for the majority of technology classes.
EMOTION COACHING - A STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING BEHAVIOURAL SELF-REGULATION IN CHILDREN/YOUNG PEOPLE IN SCHOOLS: A PILOT STUDY

Emotion coaching is a parenting style clinically observed in the USA which supports children’s emotional self-regulation, social skills, physical health and academic success. A pilot study in a rural disadvantaged area in England sought to evaluate the effectiveness of training practitioners who work with children and young people in schools, early years settings and youth centres to apply emotion coaching strategies in professional contexts, particularly during emotionally intensive and behavioural incidents. The study rested on the premise that supportive adults can individually and collectively empower children and young people to build a repertoire of internal and external socio-emotional regulatory skills that promote prosocial behavior. A mixed method approach was adopted (n=127). The findings suggest the efficacy of adopting emotion coaching strategies to support behavioural management approaches and policies within settings across the age range. Data from school contexts are largely recorded here. The research is the first pilot in the UK that builds on and complements similar work being undertaken in the USA and Australia.
Community Knowledge and Perceptions about Buruli Ulcers in Obom Sub-District of the Ga South Municipality in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana

Community knowledge and perceptions of the cause and consequently the appropriate measure to remedy an ailment determine whom people turn to for advice, help, information and treatment when bogged down with a disease. The role that community plays in the etiology, explanation, prognosis and treatment seeking behaviour cannot be underscored, because it provides indepth information on the burden of the disease, the local understanding of the causes of the disease and therefore its management. The purpose of the study was to describe community knowledge and perceptions about Buruli ulcer (BU) and how to prevent Buruli ulcer in the Obom sub-district of Ghana. Survey questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection to solicit information on community knowledge and perceptions of Buruli ulcer in the communities. In selecting respondents for the community survey, systematic sampling was used to select 300 respondents for the study. The study revealed a high level of knowledge about Buruli ulcer in the selected endemic communities. However, Buruli ulcer patients were perceived as people who have been bewitched (36.7%). Others (21%) blamed them as people who did not take good care of themselves while another 11.1% saw Buruli ulcer infected people as having normal wounds. Findings therefore show that although there was a high knowledge of signs and symptoms of Buruli ulcer among community members in the Obom sub-district, their understandings and interpretations of its causative factors varied from those of the biomedical understandings. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that community outreach and education on the treatment and management of Buruli ulcer should be continued on a sustainable basis in the endemic communities.
Quantifying Landscape Ruggedness for Animal Habitat Analysis: A Case Study Using Bighorn Sheep in the Mojave Desert

Abstract Terrain ruggedness is often an important variable in wildlife habitat models. Most methods used to quantify ruggedness are indices derived from measures of slope and, as a result, are strongly correlated with slope. Using a Geographic Information System, we developed a vector ruggedness measure (VRM) of terrain based on a geomorphological method for measuring vector dispersion that is less correlated with slope. We examined the relationship of VRM to slope and to 2 commonly used indices of ruggedness in 3 physiographically different mountain ranges within the Mojave Desert of the southwestern United States. We used VRM, slope, distance to water, and springtime bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) adult female locations to model sheep habitat in the 3 ranges. Using logistic regression, we determined that the importance of ruggedness in habitat selection remained consistent across mountain ranges, whereas the relative importance of slope varied according to the characteristic physiography of each range. Our results indicate that the VRM quantifies local variation in terrain more independently of slope than other methods tested, and that VRM and slope distinguish 2 different components of bighorn sheep habitat.
Socially Responsible Investment in Good and Bad Times

This paper investigates the financial performance difference between seven US Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) indices and their pair-wised corresponding benchmark indices across different stock market regimes. We employ the Markov Switching model to specifically divide the study period into three regimes. We then compare the risk, return and risk-adjusted-return of the SRI indices during each identified regime with their corresponding benchmark indices. We find that SRI has higher returns than non-SRI across three different regimes, but there is no difference in the risk-adjustedreturn between SRI and non-SRI over time. Our study results imply that there is no sacrifice for SRI investors when market conditions change. We contribute to the literature by taking into consideration for the first time the effect of the stock market regimes on the financial performance comparison between SRI and non-SRI investments.
Implementing a Connectionist Production System Using Tensor Products ; CU-CS-411-88

Abstract : In this paper we show that the tensor product technique for constructing variable bindings and for representing symbolic structure - used by Dolan and Dyer (1987) in parts of a connectionist story understanding model, and analyzed in general terms in Smolensky (1987) - can be effectively used to build a simplified version of Touretzky & Hinton's (1988) Distributed Connectionist Production System. The new system is called the Tensor Product Product System (TPPS).
The effect of processing on the composition of sea buckthorn juice

Sea buckthorn juice is one of the most popular processing products used as raw material for further processing, for example, making of syrup. Biochemical content of juice and syrup depends on processing technologies and equipment used. The aim of the study was to test the changes of vitamin C, total carotenoids, total acids and soluble solids in the juice and syrup depending on processing technology. Three different techniques were used for juicing: • Voran cold: frozen berries were thawed to room temperature and pressed in a Voran 60 K press at a pressure of 300 bars; • Condo Line: frozen berries were thawed to room temperature and pressed in a Condo Line RD press, which partially disrupts the berry peel; • Voran heated: frozen berries were heated to 98°C for five minutes immediately before pressing with a Voran 60 K press at 300 bars. The obtained juices were separated and processing product - syrup was made. As a result of the testing the conclusion was made that vitamin C in sea buckthorn fruits have good stability in processing. The highest content of total carotenoids was found in the flesh and in the peel of sea buckthorn, and it is essentially different depending on the processing technology - the juice and syrup with the highest content of total carotenoids (in medium 10.7 mg 100 g -1 ) can be obtained by heating of berries over a period of five minutes before juice processing.
Baseline Susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci, Biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Chlorantraniliprole in Southern Florida

ABSTRACT Chlorantraniliprole 200 mg ai L-1 (Rynaxypyr® 200 SC) is the first xylem systemic insecticide in the new chemistry class, anthranilic diamides. A laboratory systemic bioassay using cut stems of cotton seedlings was developed to quantify the baseline susceptibility of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B, to chlorantraniliprole. Bioassays were conducted for a susceptible laboratory colony and for 11 field populations collected in 2008 and 2009 in Southern Florida. Baseline data of the susceptible colony (targeting first instar nymphs with initial exposure at the egg stage) for chlorantraniliprole in 2008 and 2009, revealed a pooled LC50 and slope values of 0.033 mg ai L-1 and 1.186, correspondingly. With the implementation of the stabilization period in the bioassay method in 2009, the susceptible colony generated LC50 and slope values of 0.182 mg ai L-1 and 0.972, respectively. LC50 and slope values of field collected populations (targeting nymphs as above) ranged from 0.016 to 0.046 mg ai L-1 and 0.889 to 1.595, respectively, in 2008 and 2009. Resistance ratio values at 50% mortality (RR50) on nymphs of field colonies ranged from 0.496 to 1.377. LC50 and slope values of the last 3 field collected populations of 2009, using the stabilization period, ranged from 0.117 to 0.251 mg ai L-1 and 0.885 to 1.395, respectively, and RR50 values ranging from 0.645 to 1.381. The overlapping of the fiducial limits of the LC50 values, the low RR50 values, and no significant differences in the slopes of the probit lines between the laboratory and field colonies, indicate that B. tabaci populations collected in Florida in 2008 and 2009 were highly susceptible to chlorantraniliprole. This anthranilic diamide insecticide is a promising tool in integrated pest management programs for B. tabaci, particularly where field populations have developed resistance to other insecticide groups. The baseline information developed in the present study confirmed the susceptibility of field populations in Florida and represents the basis for future susceptibility monitoring programs to help ensure the continued viability of chlorantraniliprole for B. tabaci management.
The properties of ten O-type stars in the low-metallicity galaxies IC 1613, WLM, and NGC 3109

Context. Massive stars likely played an important role in the reionization of the Universe, and the formation of the first black holes. They are potential progenitors of long-duration gamma-ray bursts, seen up to redshifts of about ten. Massive stars in low-metallicity environments in the local Universe are reminiscent of their high redshift counterparts, emphasizing the importance of the study of their properties and evolution. In a previous paper, we reported on indications that the stellar winds of low-metallicity O stars may be stronger than predicted, which would challenge the current paradigm of massive star evolution. Aims. In this paper, we aim to extend our initial sample of six O stars in low-metallicity environments by four. The total sample of ten stars consists of the optically brightest sources in IC 1613, WLM, and NGC 3109. We aim to derive their stellar and wind parameters, and compare these to radiation-driven wind theory and stellar evolution models. Methods. We have obtained intermediate-resolution VLT/X-shooter spectra of our sample of stars. We derive the stellar parameters by fitting synthetic fastwindline profiles to the VLT/X-shooter spectra using a genetic fitting algoritm. We compare our parameters to evolutionary tracks and obtain evolutionary masses and ages. We also investigate the effective temperature versus spectral type calibration for SMC and lower metallicities. Finally, we reassess the wind momentum versus luminosity diagram. Results. The derived parameters of our target stars indicate stellar masses that reach values of up to 50 M⊙. The wind strengths of our stars are, on average, stronger than predicted from radiation-driven wind theory and reminiscent of stars with an LMC metallicity. We discuss indications that the iron content of the host galaxies is higher than originally thought and is instead SMC-like. We find that the discrepancy with theory is reduced, but remains significant for this higher metallicity. This may imply that our current understanding of the wind properties of massive stars, both in the local universe as well as at cosmic distances, remains incomplete.
Effect of Dietary Protein and Lysine on Performance and Carcass Yield of Turkeys

Problem statement: There is a concern related to loss of nitrogen to the environment from animal manure and the high cost of the protein supplement. Thus, the current study was undertaken to determine the effect of reduction of CP and increased of lysine on growth and carcass yield in turkeys. Approach: A factorial experiment was carried out with commercial turkeys to evaluate the effect of two dietary levels of CP (90 and 100% of the NRC recommendations) and three dietary lysine levels (90, 110 and 130% of the NRC recommendations) on performance and carcass yield of male turkeys evaluated from 8-16 week of age. Results: The CP × lysine interaction was significant (p<0.05) for daily gain and Food Conversion Ratio (FCR). 100% CP level increased daily gain (0.13, 0.15 and 0.15 kg day-1) and improved FCR (3.43, 3.12 and 3.01) as dietary levels of lysine in the diet increased (p<0.05), but the opposite was true for the birds fed 90% CP. The CP × lysine interaction (p<0.05) observed at 16 week of age showed that carcass weigh, breast weight, leg weight and thigh weight increased as the lysine level increased in the diet with 100% CP and the contrary occurred in the 90% CP treatment. Conclusion: The results of this experiment suggest a positive relationship between amino acids and CP; however, the increment of amino acids in the diets with low CP should be made keeping a proportional relationship among the dietary amino acids.
Morphology and Evolution of the Larval Head of Hydrophiloidea and Histeroidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia)

series Staphyliniformia (Lawrence & Newton 1995, Hansen 1997a) and comprises about 2400 described species (Hansen 1991). Adults are found in aquatic, semiaquatic, or terrestrial habitats, and some representatives of the subfamily Sphaeridiinae have specialised on life in dung or decaying matters (Hansen 1997b). In most cases, larvae are found in the same environment as the adults. However the feeding habits differ considerably. Adults rely on various sorts of plant material, mainly decaying tissue (Hansen 1997b), whereas larvae of most subgroups are carnivorous (Böving & Henriksen 1938, Bertrand 1972, Hansen 1997b). A sister group relationship between Histeroidea and Hydrophiloidea was postulated by Hansen (1997a). However, the life styles of both groups are clearly different. All stages of Histeroidea are terrestrial and the adults are predominantly or exclusively predacious (Hansen 1997b). Hydrophiloid larvae hatch from a silk cocoon whereas eggs are deposited uncovered by histeroid females. The larvae of both groups are carnivorous and develop fast. However, histeroid larvae seem to be specialized on maggots (Newton 1991), a food preference which is also found in some sphaeridiines but not in other groups of Hydrophiloidea. The systematic concept of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea, the interrelationships of subgroups, and the affinities with Histeroidea were discussed controversially in older and more recent studies (Böving & Craighead 1931, Crowson 1955, Lawrence & Newton 1982, 1995, Hansen 1991, 1997a, Beutel 1994, Archangelsky 1998). The phylogenetic analyses presented by Hansen (1991, 1997a) are based on many external features of adults and some external characters of larvae. External features of immature stages were also described and analysed by Archangelsky (1997, 1998). Internal features of larvae (and adults)
Evolution and Maintenance of the 22–23 June 2003 Nocturnal Convection during BAMEX

AbstractOn 22–23 June 2003 a broad region of convection, comprising a squall line and discrete supercells, evolved throughout the evening and nighttime hours. These storms were studied by analyzing both observations and idealized numerical simulations. The squall line originated from a group of supercells that were initiated in a north–south line along a preexisting outflow boundary in eastern Nebraska. These supercells anchored to the boundary, facilitating cell mergers. The cell mergers and subsequent enhanced rainfall increased the depth and strength of the surface cold pool, which became the forcing mechanism for reorientation into an east–west, southward-propagating squall line. While this was occurring, isolated supercells developed along the dryline in north-central Kansas. These supercells moved northeastward throughout the night. These two modes of convection developed and evolved in a similar nocturnal environment, suggesting that there were two distinct forcing mechanisms responsible for their .
Establishing Assessment Scales Using a Novel Disciplinary Rationale for Scientific Reasoning

The article argues that science assessment should change from an item-driven to a construct-driven practice and pay more attention to disciplinary scientific reasoning. It investigates assessment scales developed from a novel theoretical rationale, describing scientific reasoning as three fundamental practices (hypothesizing, experimenting, and evidence evaluation) and building on three types of knowledge (science content knowledge, procedural knowledge, and epistemic knowledge). The scale development follows a construct-driven approach by, first, detailing the knowledge involved and explaining progression; and second, operationalizing the theoretical construct into items and score criteria. The scales are trialled in a small-scale study. The outcome is a coherent and supportive validity argument for two sub-scales, but with a suggestion that merging these into one scale has higher validity. The main implication is rewriting rationales for many science assessments, including TIMSS, which emphasises domain-general reasoning, and NAEP and PISA, which pay attention to domain-specific reasoning but are unclear about the knowledge involved. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 530–560, 2013
The Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as Biofertilizer on the Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

This study was conducted to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of tomato. AMF from the rhizosphere soil of wild legumes and cogon were trapped using corn roots as bait then isolated through wet sieving and sucrose centrifugation methods. Isolated spores of Gigaspora and Acaulospora dominated by Acaulospora laevis and colonized corn roots having a colonization rate of 86% were used as inoculants. The experiment utilized a completely randomized design with six treatments replicated three times. Data were evaluated using Levene’s test and ANOVA. Means with significant differences were compared using LSD and Games-Howell. Results showed that tomatoes inoculated with different preparations of AMF resulted to a faster increase in height, higher number of leaves and tallest plants from the 2 week to the 10 week after inoculation. AMF application also resulted to earlier flower onset and fruit emergence. Inoculated plants had the highest yield of marketable fruits while those grown with the farmer’s practice gave the highest yield of non-marketable fruits. Leaves of inoculated plants had the highest amount Phosphorus (P), lower percentage of tissue Nitrogen (N), and higher Potassium (K) content as compared to the control. AMF inoculation did not affect soil pH but decreased the soil electrical conductivity (EC), K, P and gave the lowest increase of percent organic matter. Colonization was seen in all the plants treated with AMF, with T2 (100 AMF spores + 0.25 g colonized corn roots) registering the
Odontogenic Cysts: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in an Iranian Population

28.08. 2016 Abstract Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of all odontogenic cysts (OCs) along with age range, gender distribution, and the site of involvement over a 10-year period (March 2001 to March 2011) and to compare these data with findings from other surveys. Methods : The archives of departments of oral and maxillofacial pathology from Shahid Beheshti and Tehran University of Medical Sciences were retrieved and analyzed for demographic data such as age, gender, location and histopathological diagnosis of OCs. Results : Of the 8,563 biopsy samples that were received, 1,518 (17.7%) were diagnosed as OCs. Radicular cyst was the most common diagnosis (33.2%), followed by dentigerous cysts (24.1%), and odontogenic keratocysts (18.6%). OC occurred 59.3%, 40.6% in male and female respectively. Mandibular involvement was 62.4% while in maxilla was 37.6%. Conclusion : Our study provided demographic data on a large series in Iran, a Southwest Asian country. In our study, radicular cysts, the most common OC, had a lower frequency compared to that reported in most other studies. On the other hand, calcifying OCs seem to be more prevalent in the Iranian population compared to other populations male to female to female ratio was