Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Interactions between RTA and the Promoter of Polyadenylated Nuclear RNA in Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8

ABSTRACT RTA (replication and transcription activator; also referred to as ORF50, Lyta, and ART), an immediate-early gene product of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8, disrupts latency and drives lytic replication. RTA activates the expression of polyadenylated nuclear (PAN) RNA (also known as T1.1 or nut-1) of KSHV. This novel noncoding PAN RNA is the most abundant lytic transcript of KSHV; therefore, studying PAN RNA expression serves as a model system for understanding how RTA transactivates target genes during lytic replication. The RTA-responsive element of the PAN promoter (pPAN RRE) was previously identified, and our data suggested direct binding of full-length RTA to the pPAN RRE. Here, we present a detailed analysis of specific interactions between RTA and the PAN promoter. We expressed and purified the DNA-binding domain of RTA (Rdbd) to near homogeneity and measured its affinity for the pPAN RRE. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), the dissociation constant (Kd ) of Rdbd on the pPAN RRE was determined to be approximately 8 × 10−9 M, suggesting a strong interaction between RTA and DNA. The specificity of RTA binding to the PAN promoter was confirmed with supershift assays. The Rdbd binding sequences on the PAN promoter were mapped within a 16-bp region of the pPAN RRE by methylation interference assays. However, the minimal DNA sequence for Rdbd binding requires an additional 7 bp on both sides of the area mapped by interference assays, suggesting that non-sequence-specific as well as sequence-specific interactions between RTA and DNA contribute to high-affinity binding. To better understand the molecular interactions between RTA and the PAN promoter, an extensive mutagenesis study on the pPAN RRE was carried out by using EMSAs and reporter assays. These analyses revealed base pairs critical for both Rdbd binding in vitro and RTA transactivation in vivo of the PAN promoter. The results from methylation interference, deletion analysis, and mutagenesis using EMSAs and reporter assays were closely correlated and support the hypothesis that RTA activates PAN RNA expression through direct binding to DNA.
GLODAPv2.2019 – an update of GLODAPv2

Abstract. The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface to bottom ocean biogeochemical data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of water samples. This update of GLODAPv2, v2.2019, adds data from 116 cruises to the previous version, extending its coverage in time from 2013 to 2017, while also adding some data from prior years. GLODAPv2.2019 includes measurements from more than 1.1 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 840 cruises. The data for the 12 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4) have undergone extensive quality control, especially systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but updated to WOCE exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. These adjustments were derived by comparing the data from the 116 new cruises with the data from the 724 quality-controlled cruises of the GLODAPv2 data product. They correct for errors related to measurement, calibration, and data handling practices, taking into account any known or likely time trends or variations. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen, 2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 µmol kg−1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 µmol kg−1 in total alkalinity, 0.01–0.02 in pH, and 5 % in the halogenated transient tracers. The compilation also includes data for several other variables, such as isotopic tracers. These were not subjected to bias comparison or adjustments. The original data, their documentation and DOI codes are available in the Ocean Carbon Data System of NOAA NCEI (https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/oceans/GLODAPv2_2019/, last access: 17 September 2019). This site also provides access to the merged data product, which is provided as a single global file and as four regional ones – the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans – under https://doi.org/10.25921/xnme-wr20 (Olsen et al., 2019). The product files also include significant ancillary and approximated data. These were obtained by interpolation of, or calculation from, measured data. This paper documents the GLODAPv2.2019 methods and provides a broad overview of the secondary quality control procedures and results.
Analysis of granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor isoforms, polymorphisms and mutations in normal haemopoietic cells and acute myeloid leukaemia blasts

Deletion mutants of the intracytoplasmic domain of the granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor (G‐CSFR) have shown that it contains a membrane‐proximal region which must be conserved to allow the receptor to transduce a mitotic signal, and a C‐terminal region necessary for transduction of cell differentiation. Changes in the intracytoplasmic domain may result in the uncoupling of these two processes, as in acute leukaemia, and such alterations could occur either as isoforms or mutations. We have studied the transmembrane domain and intracytoplasmic tail of the G‐CSFR in RNA from blood or bone marrow of 11 haematologically normal controls and 40 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Two novel transcripts of the receptor were identified, both were minor components and are unlikely to be of major physiological significance. We could find no evidence for altered levels of expression of these transcripts in the AML patients. In addition, only one point mutation was detected in the 40 patients screened by RT‐PCR‐SSCP, a C → A substitution at nucleotide 2088 which changes a threonine to asparagine in the transmembrane domain and is probably a polymorphism. These results suggest that abnormalities in the G‐CSFR are uncommon in AML.
Evidence that capital formation is overestimated in low- and middle-income countries in ICP 2011

ABSTRACT Using the International Comparison Program (ICP) 2011’s cross-country data on input prices and project cost shares, I show that the ICP 2011 construction prices are substantially underestimated in the 143 low- and middle-income countries where these prices were estimated from input prices. As a consequence, the ICP 2011’s estimate of PPP-adjusted construction is overestimated on average by about 100% and gross fixed capital formation is overestimated by 25–30% in these countries. These nonrandom data errors are of sufficient magnitude to cause serious estimation bias in cross-country growth analyses.
Economic Growth in India Revisited

This article tries to examine the relevance of the three distinct types of the growth models, namely, physical capital accumulation-led growth, export-led growth and Lucas-type human capital accumulation-led growth in India taking a long-time series data from 1950–51 to 2003–04. Employing the Johansen's cointegration and error correction model, we find that human capital investment plays a crucial role both in the long run as well as in the short run. The export-led growth hypothesis is partially valid whereas the physical capital investment-led growth appears to be insignificant in our findings.
Resonant-photoemission study of Nd2-xCexCuO4.

Etude du spectre de photoemission du compose, obtenu sous rayonnement synchrotron. Le satellite de la bande de valence correspondant a Cu 2+ , presente un comportement de resonance. Le spectre du niveau 4f de Nd presente une structure a double pic, caracteristique de l'etat fondamental 4f 3 localise et d'une forte hybridation 4f-O2p. Caracterisation de la localisation du niveau de Fermi
Phytoplankton Studies of the Rabigh Dam Stream, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

A PRELIMINARY Checklist on phytoplankton dynamics of the Rabigh Dam Stream was investigated during the wet (January and February) and arid (July and August) seasons of 2018. Composite sample were collected along the Rabigh Dam Stream. These outcomes provide useful information on the checklists and ecology of plankton’s species which could be potentially used as bio-indicators for assessing and monitoring the Rabigh Dam Stream. Five main algal groups were recorded namely: Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Pyrrophyceae. This study identified 65 phytoplankton species consisted of Blue-green algae (9 species), Green algae (46 species), Euglenoids (1 species), Diatoms (6 species), and Dinoflagellates (3 species). The following order of dominance was; Cyanophyceae> Chlorophyceae> Euglenophyceae> Bacillariophyceae> Dinophyceae. In spite the number of blue-green algal species was low, they represented 63.62% of the total phytoplankton followed by Chlorophyceae (19.08%), Euglenophyceae (11.21%), Bacillariophyceae (5.72%), respectively. On the other hand, the Dinophyceae represented the rarely group (0.37%) of the total phytoplankton. There were main changes in phytoplankton composition due to the projects drinking water reservoir construction. It could be related to the severe human activities and difference in sampling strategies. It was concluded that all the dams had well balanced phytoplankton communities. The changes in phytoplankton composition and numbers were significantly varying among the period of study.
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein in Eels: cDNA Cloning and Effects of ACTH and Seawater Transfer on Its mRNA Expression

Abstract Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) is a key molecule for steroid production by translocating cholesterol from the outer to inner mitochondrial membrane. Two cDNAs of different length encoding StAR was cloned from the head kidney of the eel (Anguilla japonica). In the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the longer cDNA, two putative polyadenylation signals were found. The shorter one differed from the longer one solely by the lack of middle of 3′-UTR including the first polyadenylation signal. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that differentiates the two mRNAs showed that the ratio of the two was highly variable among individuals, and no preferential expression was detected between freshwater and seawater eels. The predicted protein consists of 285 amino acid residues with 64–83% identity to other StARs thus far obtained. RT-PCR analyses revealed that eel StAR mRNA was expressed abundantly in the head kidney and gonad, and faintly in the brain; but no expression was detected in the gill, heart, liver, intestine, kidney and skeletal muscle. Plasma cortisol concentration increased, but StAR mRNA content in the head kidney did not change, 3 and 24 h after transfer of freshwater eels to seawater, indicating that the transcriptional regulation of StAR may not be involved in cortisol production after seawater transfer. However, ACTH elevated both plasma cortisol and StAR mRNA levels in the head kidney 1.5 and 4.5 h after injection. Thus, the steroidogenic effect of ACTH is mediated by increased StAR production as observed in mammals.
On the Brahmi-Indus Connection (a New Passage to Indus Script Decipherment)

The origins of the Indus Valley Civilization are shrouded in mystery. Two significant questions from this unsolved historical problem are the origins of the Brahmi and Indus scripts. In this light, the present paper performs a omparative feature based study of the Brahmi, Indus and Aramaic scripts, decisively proving that the Brahmi is indeed more closer to the Indus script than to Aramaic. Based on this result, and other established partial decipherments thus far, a hypothesis proposing the two-subsets nature of the Indus script is proposed. Separate phonetic and pictographic sets corresponding to Sanskrit and Tamil are identified, pointing towards a new way of comprehensively deciphering the Indus script.
THEMED SECTION: MEDIATORS AND RECEPTORS IN THE RESOLUTION OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH PAPER Preventive and therapeutic anti-inflammatory properties of the sesquiterpene a-humulene in experimental airways allergic inflammationbph_177 1074..1087

Background and purpose: a-Humulene and trans-caryophyllene are plant sesquiterpenes with pronounced anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we evaluated the effects of these compounds in an experimental model of airways allergic inflammation. Experimental approach: Female BALB/c mice, sensitized to and challenged with ovalbumin received daily a-humulene or trans-caryophyllene (50 mg·kg-1, orally) or a-humulene (1 mg·mL-1, by aerosol) as either a preventive (for 22 days) or therapeutic (from the 18th to the 22nd day) treatment. Dexamethasone or budesonide was used as a positive control drug. Inflammation was determined on day 22 post-immunization by leukocyte recruitment, interleukin-5 (IL-5), CCL11, interferon-g (IFN-g) and leukotriene (LT)B4 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, transcription factors [nuclear factor kB (NF-kB), activator protein 1 (AP-1)] and P-selectin in lung tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry and mucus secretion by histochemistry. Key results: Preventive or therapeutic treatments with a-humulene, but not with trans-caryophyllene, significantly reduced the eosinophil recruitment to the BALF. In addition, a-humulene recovery INF-g and reduced the IL-5, CCL11 and LTB4 levels in BALF, as well as the IL-5 production in mediastinal lymph nodes (in vitro assay). Furthermore, a-humulene decreased the NF-kB and the AP-1 activation, the expression of P-selectin and the increased mucus secretion in the lung. Conclusions and implications: a-Humulene, given either orally or by aerosol, exhibited marked anti-inflammatory properties in a murine model of airways allergic inflammation, an effect that seemed to be mediated via reduction of inflammatory mediators, adhesion molecule expression and transcription factors activation. British Journal of Pharmacology (2009) 158, 1074–1087; doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009. 00177.x; published online 11 May 2009
The Emergence of Common Market in West Africa: An Examination of Cross Culture and Ethnographic Marketing System of Alaba International Market, Lagos-Nigeria

Alaba International Market in Lagos, Nigeria for years is noted and opened for many imports of all kinds of products and gains popularity along West Africa Countries for cheap and affordable products. The market particularly serves other neighboring countries such as Togo, Benin, Ghana, and even beyond. Some groups of traders especially the Ibo tribes of Nigeria are known to specialize in assembling, fabricating and importing cheap and locally made components and parts of all kinds of products—electronics and households to suit all types of categories of consumers. Alaba International Market has also gained popularity in Nigeria and across West Africa countries as an accessible market for all kinds of imports particularly electronics and household items from China, Japan, India and other far East. The popularity of the market is made possibly because of the fact that Nigerians and others West Africans are quite receptive to foreign goods, products and services. The research work examines the structure, system, marketing practices, consumer behaviors, and the marketing patterns of the various ethnic groups operating at the Alaba International Market as well as performance of Business Enterprises in Alaba International Market, Lagos State. The acceptance and recognition of Alaba International Market in Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria are the major element and development in cross cultural and ethnographic marketing system (EMS) in Nigeria and the world. The study also examines the effects of Alaba International Market in the economic development of small scale enterprises in Lagos State. Using and applying the Modified Purchase Decision Making Process (PDMP), a number of shoppers, buyers and consumers patronizing Alaba International Market and their behavior were examined to determine factors that influence the patronage and acceptance of the market among consumers, buyers and shoppers across West Africa countries. The study shows that 82% of the entrepreneurs made up of small and medium enterprises of the market are from the Ibo ethnic group of Nigeria. Consumers’ preference to imported goods has contributed to the booming of the market all the year round which also contributes to the development, expansion, success and growth of small and medium scale enterprises in Lagos State.
The anti-IL-4 receptor alpha antibody dupilumab: facing a new era in treating atopic dermatitis

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease with high prevalence rates in adults and even higher among children. For the numerous patients suffering from moderate to severe disease, standard systemic treatment regimens such as cyclosporine A, methotrexate or azathioprine are not suited for long-term treatment due to their unfavorable safety profile. A promising alternative would be the newly developed IL-4 receptor alpha antibody dupilumab which has been investigated in several clinical trials during the last years. Areas covered: Recently, four phase I and II studies have been published providing a favorable efficacy and safety profile. Clinical scores such as EASI were reduced by 74% after 12 weeks of treatment with early onset of first improvement after already one week. Safety data showed no evidence of drug-related serious adverse events and no organ toxicity. Expert opinion: First clinical data of treating AD with dupilumab provided strong evidence for a highly significant efficacy and safety. In the case, future phase III studies will confirm these findings, dupilumab has the potential to become a new first line standard treatment for patients with severe AD.
Evidence On Income Measurement Properties Of Asr No-190 And Sfas No-33 Data

A number of studies have tested the association between security returns or levels of market value and current cost accounting data as reported under SEC Accounting Series Release No. 190 (ASR 190) and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 33 (SFAS 33). For example, Beaver, Griffin, and Landsman [1982] (henceforth BGL), Beaver and Landsman [1983] (henceforth BL), and Olsen [1985] found no association, while Bublitz, Frecka, and McKeown [1985] (henceforth BFM) and Murdoch [1986] found a weak association.1 In this paper we estimate cross-section regressions of security returns on historical cost net income and holding gains, as was done previously, but with several extensions. First, we define our variables in terms of realizations of returns, income, and holding gains rather than in terms of unexpected changes. Thus, we
FEM analysis of eddy current losses in nonlinear laminated iron cores

A finite element method is presented to compute three-dimensional eddy current distributions in nonlinear laminated iron cores. In a first step, the core is assumed to have an anisotropic conductivity of zero value in the direction perpendicular to the laminations. In a second step, the eddy currents within the sheets are computed by solving the nonlinear field problem individually in each layer. The boundary conditions for these essentially two-dimensional analyses are taken from the three dimensional field distribution determined in the first step. Numerical examples prove the validity of the method.
Competition for glucose between the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis

The competition between the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 and Candida utilis CBS 621 for glucose was studied in sugar-limited chemostat cultures. Under aerobic conditions, C. utilis always successfully completed against S. cerevisiae. Only under anaerobic conditions did S. cerevisiae become the dominant species. The rationale behind these observations probably is that under aerobic glucose-limited conditions, high-affinity glucose/proton symporters are present in C. utilis, whereas in S. cerevisiae, glucose transport occurs via facilitated diffusion with low-affinity carriers. Our results explain the frequent occurrence of infections by Crabtree-negative yeasts during bakers' yeast production.
The effect of enteral immunonutrition in upper gastrointestinalsurgery for cancer: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND/AIM Enteral feeding and immunonutrition (ImN) have been shown to be associated with a number of favorable effects in patients undergoing cancer surgery. In this prospective study, we aimed to assess the perioperative use of enteral immunonutrition in patients undergoing radical gastrointestinal surgery for malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one patients with malignancy were included in this study and were randomized into one of the two following nutritional strategies: enteral only (EN) or enteral with enteral immunonutrition (ENIN). These regimens were followed for 7 days perioperatively by all patients. Nutritional parameters and postoperative morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay (LHS) were assessed. RESULTS Serum prealbumin levels increased significantly in the ENIN group (P = 0.033). Moreover, patients in the ENIN group showed a more marked decrease in the rate of postoperative infections (P = 0.021) and anastomotic leakage (P = 0.018) than patients fed with EN. In the EN group, LHS was significantly longer than that in the ENIN group (18 vs. 12 days) (P = 0.032). Rates of overall morbidity and mortality were similar in the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION ENIN was found to have a favorable effect on the outcome of radical gastrointestinal surgery for malignancy. Meticulous preoperative assessment of malnutrition and at least a 7-day perioperative enteral use can increase the effectiveness of immunonutrition.
Dendritic cell‐based genetic immunization in mice with a recombinant adenovirus encoding murine TRP2 induces effective anti‐melanoma immunity

The induction of cellular immune responses to melanocyte‐specific enzymes such as the tyrosinase family of proteins is the goal of various clinical studies for the immunotherapy of melanoma. Tyrosinase‐related protein‐2 (TRP2) is an attractive model antigen for preclinical studies in C57BL/6 mice because it is naturally expressed by the murine B16 melanoma and can be recognized by self‐reactive cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). Here we describe efforts to develop genetic immunization with dendritic cells (DC) for the immunotherapy of melanoma in this clinically relevant system.