Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of women and men among highly cited scientists

Dear Sir, In 2014, Thomson Reuters (provider of the Web of Science) published a list of scientists who had published the most highly cited papers in their discipline (www.highlycited.com). The Thomson Reuters database contains a total of 3,215 highly cited scientists worldwide. In the first evaluation of the data, we analyzed the affiliations provided by the highly cited scientists and identified those institutions at which the most highly cited scientists work (Bornmann & Bauer, in press). In a second evaluation, we examined the distribution of men and women among the scientists. There is great general interest in this evaluation: As the literature overview from Dehdarirad, Villarroya, and Barrios (2015) shows, “numerous reports and initiatives have emerged in Europe but also in different parts of the world with the aim of analyzing the presence of women in science and higher education” (p. 796). In a first step, the gender of the highly cited scientists was determined from a database that associates first names with a gender (see the description in Walker, Barros, Conejo, Neumann, & Telefont, 2015). Since this assignment did not lead to an unambiguous identification in every case, 705 scientists had to be manually researched in a second step. After the manual search, reliable information was available for 3,190 (99%) of the scientists. Overall, the highly cited scientists include 2,787 men and 403 women; there are significantly more men (87%) than women (13%) among the scientists. Table 1 shows the share of highly cited male and female scientists in individual disciplines. The share of women is highest in “Social Sciences, general,” with 31%; in “Engineering” it is the lowest, with 4%. Twelve disciplines in the table represent those where the share of women is below the share over all disciplines (12.63%): “Environment/Ecology,” “Clinical Medicine,” “Space Science,” “Economics & Business,” “Computer Science,” “Materials Science,” “Pharmacology & Toxicology,” “Neuroscience & Behavior,” “Mathematics,” “Chemistry,” “Physics,” and “Engineering. ” Our results on the unequal distribution of men and women among the highly cited scientists support statements like that of Sugimoto, Ni, and Larivière (2015) that “gender disparities in science remain, despite more than a decade of policies aimed at achieving gender parity. ” Lutz Bornmann Division for Science and Innovation Studies, Administrative Headquarters of the Max Planck Society, Hofgartenstr. 8, Munich 80539, Germany E-mail: bornmann@gv.mpg. de Johann Bauer Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany E-mail: jbauer@biochem.mpg. de Robin Haunschild Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany E-mail: R.Haunschild@fkf.mpg. de
Herd behavior in consumers’ adoption of online reviews

It has been demonstrated that online consumer reviews are an important source of information that affect individuals’ purchase decision making. To understand the influence of online reviews, this study extends prior research on information adoption by incorporating the perspective of herd behavior. We develop and empirically test a research model using data collected from an existing book review site. We report 2 major findings. First, argument quality and source credibility predict information usefulness, which affects the adoption of online reviews. Second, we determine that the adoption of online reviews is also influenced by 2 herd factors, namely, discounting own information and imitating others. We further identify the key determinants of these herd factors, including background homophily and attitude homophily. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Core Self-Evaluations and Job and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating and Moderated Mediating Role of Job Insecurity

ABSTRACT This study examined the mediating role of job insecurity in the relationship between core self-evaluations (CSE) and job satisfaction, while also investigating the moderating role of job insecurity in the mediated relationship between CSE and life satisfaction via job satisfaction. Survey data were collected from a sample of 346 full-time employees in Taiwan. We found that job insecurity partially mediated the CSE-job satisfaction relationship. Moreover, we found that job insecurity moderated not only the relationship between CSE and job satisfaction but also the mediated relationship between CSE and life satisfaction via job satisfaction. Specifically, both the CSE-job satisfaction relationship and the CSE-job satisfaction-life satisfaction relationship became stronger when job insecurity was low. Our results emphasize the importance of raising employees' CSE, which is beneficial not only for diminishing their perceptions of job insecurity, but also for boosting their job and life satisfaction. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Are You Being Served? The Relationship between School Climate for Service and Teachers' Engagement, Satisfaction, and Intention to Leave: A Moderated Mediation Model

ABSTRACT The notion of service has been receiving increasing attention in organizational psychology literature in recent years, due to the client-oriented managerial movement. Yet, little to no attention has been paid to the service notion in educational psychology despite its high relevance to educational settings, given the pressure to be more service-oriented and possess a client-focused state of mind. The present study explores the notion of service in school domains by examining the joint effects of climate for service and the internal service in schools on teachers' work attitudes: work engagement, job satisfaction, and intention to leave their work. The notion of climate for service emphasizes the school's attitude of teachers as service providers to its clients (students and their parents); internal climate emphasizes the school's attitude of providing service to its teaching staff. The study was conducted via a sample of 423 teachers from 30 different schools in Israel. We hypothesized that the indirect relationship between the climate for service and teachers' job satisfaction and intention to leave work would be mediated by teacher work engagement. Our findings supported this hypothesis. Moreover, this indirect relationship via teacher work engagement was demonstrated most strongly when the internal service quality received was high, providing teachers with the capability to deliver what the service climate motivates them to do. Therefore, service-oriented resources—both climate for service and internal service—may be crucial in affecting teachers work attitudes and should be specifically targeted by principals and other educational decision makers.
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire—Body Image: Psychometric Properties and Its Incremental Power in the Prediction of Binge Eating Severity

ABSTRACT Given the clinical usefulness of the CFQ-BI (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire—Body Image; the only existing measure to assess the body-image-related cognitive fusion), the present study aimed to confirm its one-factor structure, to verify its measurement invariance between clinical and non-clinical samples, to analyze its internal consistency and sensitivity to detect differences between samples, as well as to explore the incremental and convergent validities of the CFQ-BI scores in Brazilian samples. This was a cross-sectional study, which was conducted in clinical (women with overweight or obesity in treatment for weight loss) and non-clinical samples (women from the general population). The one-factor structure was confirmed showing factorial measurement invariance across clinical and non-clinical samples. The CFQ-BI scores presented an excellent internal consistency, were able to discriminate clinical and non-clinical samples, and were positively associated with binge eating severity, general cognitive fusion, and psychological inflexibility. Furthermore, body-image-related cognitive fusion scores (CFQ-BI) presented incremental validity over a general measure of cognitive fusion in the prediction of binge eating symptoms. This study demonstrated that CFQ-BI is a short scale with reliable and robust scores in Brazilian samples, presenting incremental and convergent validities, measurement invariance, and sensitivity to detect differences between clinical and non-clinical groups of women, enabling comparative studies between them.
Transitional Instability Predicts Polymorphous Distress in Emerging Adults

ABSTRACT The primary aim of this investigation is to determine the extent to which transitional instability can predict diverse markers of distress in emerging adults. Participants were 210 emerging adults, aged 18–25 who completed measures of distress that included loneliness, stress, problem drinking, and prescription medication use. One year later, they returned to complete these same measures of distress along with a measure of significant life transitions that they encountered during the past year in such domains as education, employment, residence, and relationships. Results of a structural equation modeling analysis showed that even after controlling for the potential reciprocal association between transitional instability and distress, the more transitional instability emerging adults experienced over the year, the higher their distress was at time 2. The results are consistent with models of transitional instability as a precipitant of distress in emerging adulthood.
Safeguarding vulnerable adults: learning from the reflective assignments of pre-registration students in the adult field of nursing practice

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to identify safeguarding concerns for vulnerable adults, including exploring the implementation of safeguarding policy and procedures into practice. This was achieved by reviewing the content of reflective assignments written by pre-registration student nurses, identifying areas of concerns and proposing action plans. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative approach was initially utilised to scrutinise a random 10 per cent sample of work, which was thematically analysed. From this, an audit tool was devised and then applied to evaluate a 35 per cent sample of work from the following cohort of students. Approval and consent was gained. Findings – From the initial 10 per cent sample, themes emerged around: practice issues; areas for student’s development and marking or assessment issues. The standardised audit tool was devised and applied to a 35 per cent random sample of work. This determined that students identified local safeguarding policies and procedures were being followed in the majority of placement areas, although application of the Mental Capacity Act remained inconsistent. Research limitations/implications – The assessor feedback from the reflective assignments was not available to the reviewers, limiting the reviewers ability to identify if assessors had recognised and corrected any policy or practice issues that the student raised. Only assignments from the adult field of nursing were considered within the scope of this study. The authors recommend further empirical investigation into this area. Practical implications – This paper offers knowledge that can be applied in practice within both academic and health care provider services that deliver and facilitate nursing education. It has generated an audit tool that can be utilised to evaluate the knowledge of pre-registration students and has resulted in the implementation of safeguarding adults policies within an academic institution. Originality/value – Safeguarding adults concerns may be identified through studying pre-registration student assignments and promptly acting upon any concerns raised. Aspects of good practice can be acknowledged within health care provider services.
Possible Selves in Adolescence: Development and Validation of a Scale for their Assessment

ABSTRACT Possible selves (PSs) have a significant role in adolescents' development. For this reason, it is of great importance to have adequate measures to operationalize them. The aim of this work is to present the construction and validation of a scale to assess PSs at the end of high school in multiple domains. Participants were adolescents (n = 320) of both sexes (female = 51.3%) from high-schools in Buenos Aires City, Argentina (age, M = 14.9, SD = 1.5). The scale was developed based on a literature review and a previous qualitative study. Expert judges' assessment revealed that it has good content validity. The scale's structure was studied with exploratory factor analysis and a 5-factor structure with theoretical meaning was found. Spearman's correlations between current and future self-perceptions show evidence of convergent validity. Mann-Whitney U test shows that the scale can discriminate by sex and age. The scale shows adequate to very good internal consistency. These results show that the scale has adequate psychometric properties to assess PSs in Argentine adolescents. The advantages of this scale relative to existing measures of PSs are discussed. Scale development allows us to know more about how adolescents think they will be during a significant life transition such as the end of high school. This is particularly important for planning interventions that focus on motivation and behavior regulation.
Influence of Drugs on the Recovery of Sensorimotor Function After Stroke

Patients who are at risk for cerebrovascular disease and those who have had a recent ischemic stroke are treated with a variety of drugs. Some of these drugs impair recovery of function after experimental focal brain injury in laboratory animals. In order to test the hypothesis that these drugs may also have detrimental effects in man and to determine the feasibility of a prospective study, a retrospective analysis of 58 patients with carotid distribution strokes who were enrolled in a prospective cohort study of stroke outcome were analyzed. Sensorimotor function was measured by observers blind to the study hypothesis shortly after stroke and again 5 and 30 days later with the Fugl-Meyer assessment. Independence in activities of daily living was measured with the Barthel Index. Patients were subsequently divided into two groups based on the drugs received either immediately before the onset of neurologic symptoms or during the subsequent hospitalization. Patients receiving phenytoin, benzodiazepines (triazolam, chlodiazepoxide, or alprazolam), neuroleptics (chlorpromazine,prochlorperazine,orhaloperidol), or the antihypertensive drugs, clonidine or prazosin, constituted the "detrimental drug" group (n = 24). Patients receiving other medications formed the "neutral drug" group (n = 34). The two groups of patients were similar with respect to stroke risk factors, prognostic factors, and initial functional deficits. Compared to patients in the "neutral drug" group, patients in the "detrimental drug" group had poorer sensorimotor function (Mann-Whitney U = 157, Z = -2.04; p = 0.04) and were less independent in activities of daily living (Mann-Whitney U = 139, Z = -2.368; p = 0.02) 30 days after the stroke. "Detrimental drug" group patients also had slower overall 30-day recoveries (Mann-Whitney U = 154, Z = -2.89; p = 0.004). A secondary multivariate analysis indicated that the calculated recovery rate was significantly related to the patient's initial level of consciousness, initial Fugl-Meyer score, study drug group, and race (i.e., the overall 30-day recovery was significantly related to study drug group independent of the severity of the initial deficit). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that specific drugs taken by patients with cerebral infarction may influence their subsequent functional recoveries. Until the emerging pharmacology of functional recovery is better understood, care should be taken in the selection of drugs used in the treatment of patients with cerebrovascular disease. Key Words: Stroke—Cerebral infarction—Functional recovery—Rehabilitation—Drugs—Fugl—Meyer assessment.
Organizational Change Questionnaire–Climate of Change, Processes, and Readiness: Development of a New Instrument

ABSTRACT On the basis of a step-by-step procedure (see T. R. Hinkin, 1998), the authors discuss the design and evaluation of a self-report battery (Organizational Change Questionnaire–Climate of Change, Processes, and Readiness; OCQ–C, P, R) that researchers can use to gauge the internal context or climate of change, the process factors of change, and readiness for change. The authors describe 4 studies used to develop a psychometrically sound 42-item assessment tool that researchers can administer in organizational settings. More than 3,000 organizational members from public and private sector organizations participated in the validation procedure of the OCQ–C, P, R. The information obtained from the analyses yielded 5 climate-of-change dimensions, 3 process-of-change dimensions, and 3 readiness-for-change dimensions.
Citation behavior: A large‐scale test of the persuasion by name‐dropping hypothesis

Citation frequencies are commonly interpreted as measures of quality or impact. Yet, the true nature of citations and their proper interpretation have been the center of a long, but still unresolved discussion in Bibliometrics. A comparison of 67,578 pairs of studies on the same healthcare topic, with the same publication age (1–15 years) reveals that when one of the studies is being selected for citation, it has on average received about three times as many citations as the other study. However, the average citation‐gap between selected or deselected studies narrows slightly over time, which fits poorly with the name‐dropping interpretation and better with the quality and impact‐interpretation. The results demonstrate that authors in the field of Healthcare tend to cite highly cited documents when they have a choice. This is more likely caused by differences related to quality than differences related to status of the publications cited.
Monoblock Tibial Components in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Backside wear in conventional modular metal-backed tibial components in total knee arthroplasty has been a concern for over a decade. Numerous strategies exist to reduce motion and, therefore, wear at this interface. These include redesigning the locking mechanisms and optimizing the surface finish of modular components using a mobile-bearing tibial component designed to encourage desirable motion and returning to monoblock all-polyethylene and metal-backed tibial components. New designs of monoblock components that may be used with and without cement are available. The most important element of the surgical technique when using these devices is to optimize the exposure of the tibial plateau, including the posterolateral corner, to ensure that correct tibial component rotation is obtained.
Cardiovascular Responses to Static Assessments of Trunk Muscles

ABSTRACT. Objectives: To investigate the cardiovascular responses to standard static assessments of strength and endurance of trunk extensor muscles. Methods: Trunk extensor performances of 10 healthy men, age 48.2 ± 5.6 years, and 10 healthy women, age 49 ± 5.7 years, were assessed by means of a maximum static strength test [consisting in maximal voluntary contractions [MVC] performed with a specific dynamometer], and two static endurance tests [the Sorensen test, and a 50 percent MVC test]. Heart rate [HR], auscultatory systolic blood pressure [SBP], and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] were recorded throughout the tests. Results: The MVCs induced significant increases of HR and SBP [mean peak values averaging 90 [female] to 95 [male] beats per minute [bpm] and 133 [female] to 141 [male] mmHg]. The HR, SBP, and DBP values increased significantly across time throughout both endurance static tests. At the end of these tests, mean HR, SBP, and DBP reached 114 to 122 bpm, 172 to 185 mmHg, and 112 to 120 mmHg, respectively. Genders differed significantly with regard to holding times [longer in females], but a gender effect was only found on SBP [higher in males]. HR and SBP increases were significantly higher in males than in female subjects. Conclusions: The strength test seems less demanding than expected, though our results need to be confirmed. Standard static endurance tests yield sizeable functional stress on the cardiovascular system. Our study emphasizes the need to exclude subjects with cardiac trouble from such efforts and suggests the relevance of monitoring cardiovascular parameters if tests are performed until exhaustion.
Domain‐independent search expertise: Gaining knowledge in query formulation through guided practice

Although modern search systems require minimal skill for meeting simple information needs, most systems provide weak support for gaining advanced skill; hence, the goal of designing systems that guide searchers in developing expertise. Essential to developing such systems are a description of expert search behavior and an understanding of how it may be acquired. The present study contributes a detailed analysis of the query behavior of 10 students as they completed assigned exercises during a semester‐long course on expert search. Detailed query logs were coded for three dimensions of query expression: the information structure searched, the type of query term used, and intent of the query with respect to specificity. Patterns of query formulation were found to evidence a progression of instruction, suggesting that the students gained knowledge of fundamental system‐independent constructs that underlie expert search, and that domain‐independent search expertise may be defined as the ability to use these constructs. Implications for system design are addressed.
Drugs modulating adenosine receptors as potential therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases

Adenosine has a wide range of physiological activities arising from its interaction with the P1 purinoceptor, which has been further subclassified into four types - A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Apart from adenosine itself and long-established antagonists such as theophylline and caffeine there are no new adenosine receptor agonist or antagonist drug molecules currently in clinical use. In view of the widespread actions of adenosine in the cardiovascular system and the possible role of adenosine in the pathogenesis of many diseases affecting the cardiovascular system, new agents that modulate adenosine’s actions have considerable therapeutic potential. The main diseases under consideration in this review of patents from 1997 - 2000 are hypertension, myocardial ischaemia (infarction), cerebral ischaemia (stroke), supraventricular tachycardia, renal failure, heart failure and peripheral ischaemia (intermittent claudication). Novel agonists and antagonists at each of the four receptor subtypes have been disclosed, except A2B agonists, where a gap still remains. Agents that raise endogenous adenosine levels, namely inhibitors of adenosine transport, adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase, are also disclosed. Claims are made for the potential use of all of the agents in the treatment of cerebral and myocardial ischaemia. The likely mechanisms for this protective action are not always clear and the final therapeutic outcome must remain uncertain until the underlying mechanisms are resolved. Applications in the treatment of renal dysfunction and as diuretics are claimed for novel adenosine A1 receptor antagonists which appear to be more realistic. There is growing interest in the role of adenosine in inflammatory disorders as they relate to cerebrovascular and myocardial ischaemia and actions of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists on neutrophil and mast cell function appear to show particular promise. The only established use of adenosine in the treatment of supraventricular arrythmias has received some additional support with the disclosure of several novel A1 receptor agonists. A1-selective agonists with potential for hyperlipidaemias, arrhythmias following myocardial infarction, heart failure and hypertension, are also disclosed.