Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Content-Based Music Information Retrieval (CB-MIR) and Its Applications toward the Music Industry

A huge increase in the number of digital music tracks has created the necessity to develop an automated tool to extract the useful information from these tracks. As this information has to be extracted from the contents of the music, it is known as content-based music information retrieval (CB-MIR). In the past two decades, several research outcomes have been observed in the area of CB-MIR. There is a need to consolidate and critically analyze these research findings to evolve future research directions. In this survey article, various tasks of CB-MIR and their applications are critically reviewed. In particular, the article focuses on eight MIR-related tasks such as vocal/non-vocal segmentation, artist identification, genre classification, raga identification, query-by-humming, emotion recognition, instrument recognition, and music clip annotation. The fundamental concepts of Indian classical music are detailed to attract future research on this topic. The article elaborates on the signal-processing techniques to extract useful features for performing specific tasks mentioned above and discusses their strengths as well as weaknesses. This article also points to some general research issues in CB-MIR and probable approaches toward their solutions so as to improve the efficiency of the existing CB-MIR systems.
Application Level Hardware Tracing for Scaling Post-Silicon Debug

We present a method for selecting trace messages for post-silicon validation of Systems-on-a-Chips (SoCs) with diverse usage scenarios. We model specifications of interacting flows in typical applications. Our method optimizes trace buffer utilization and flow specification coverage. We present debugging and root cause analysis of subtle bugs in the industry scale OpenSPARC T2 processor. We demonstrate that this scale is beyond the capacity of current tracing approaches. We achieve trace buffer utilization of 98.96% with a flow specification coverage of 94.3% (average). We localize bugs to 21.11% (average) of the potential root causes in our large-scale debugging effort.
Latent Convolutional Models

We present a new latent model of natural images that can be learned on large-scale datasets. The learning process provides a latent embedding for every image in the training dataset, as well as a deep convolutional network that maps the latent space to the image space. After training, the new model provides a strong and universal image prior for a variety of image restoration tasks such as large-hole inpainting, superresolution, and colorization. To model high-resolution natural images, our approach uses latent spaces of very high dimensionality (one to two orders of magnitude higher than previous latent image models). To tackle this high dimensionality, we use latent spaces with a special manifold structure (convolutional manifolds) parameterized by a ConvNet of a certain architecture. In the experiments, we compare the learned latent models with latent models learned by autoencoders, advanced variants of generative adversarial networks, and a strong baseline system using simpler parameterization of the latent space. Our model outperforms the competing approaches over a range of restoration tasks.
Vitamin C in Cancer: A Metabolomics Perspective

There is an ongoing interest in cellular antioxidants and oxidants as well as cellular mechanisms underlying their effects. Several reports suggest that vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) functions as a pro-oxidant with selective toxicity against specific types of tumor cells. In addition, reduced glutathione plays an emerging role in reducing oxidative stress due to xenobiotic toxins such as metals and oxidants associated with diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. High-dose intravenous vitamin C and intravenous glutathione have been used as complementary, alternative, and adjuvant medicines. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of oxidation/reduction systems, focusing on the altered metabolomics profile in cancer cells following treatment with pharmacological vitamin C. This review focuses on the role of vitamin C in energy metabolism in terms of adenosine triphosphate, cysteine, and reduced glutathione levels, affecting cancer cell death.
Implicit Policy for Reinforcement Learning

We introduce Implicit Policy, a general class of expressive policies that can flexibly represent complex action distributions in reinforcement learning, with efficient algorithms to compute entropy regularized policy gradients. We empirically show that, despite its simplicity in implementation, entropy regularization combined with a rich policy class can attain desirable properties displayed under maximum entropy reinforcement learning framework, such as robustness and multi-modality.
A Machine Learning Framework to Identify Detailed Routing Short Violations from a Placed Netlist

Detecting and preventing routing violations has become a critical issue in physical design, especially in the early stages. Lack of correlation between global and detailed routing congestion estimations and the long runtime required to frequently consult a global router adds to the problem. In this paper, we propose a machine learning framework to predict detailed routing short violations from a placed netlist. Factors contributing to routing violations are determined and a supervised neural network model is implemented to detect these violations. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to predict on average 90% of the shorts with only 7% false alarms and considerably reduced computational time.
Synergistic Effects of Resveratrol and Pyrimethanil against Botrytis cinerea on Grape

Botrytis cinerea is the pathogen of gray mold disease affecting a wide range of plant hosts, with consequential economic losses worldwide. The increased frequency of fungicide resistance of the pathogen challenges its disease management, and thus the development of alternative control strategies are urgently required. In this study, we showed excellent synergistic interactions between resveratrol and pyrimethanil. Significant synergistic values were recorded by the two-drug combination on the suppression of mycelial growth and conidia germination of B. cinerea. The combination of resveratrol and pyrimethanil caused malformation of mycelia. Moreover, the inoculation assay was conducted on table grape and consistent synergistic suppression of the two-drug combination was found in vivo. Our findings first revealed that the combination of resveratrol and pyrimethanil has synergistic effects against resistant B. cinerea and support the potential use of resveratrol as a promising adjuvant on the control of gray mold.
Adolescents’ perspectives on everyday life with obesity: a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the perspectives and life experiences of adolescents living with obesity. Methods: Five adolescents living with obesity were involved in repeated interviews, and qualitative content analysis was performed. Results: Three themes emerged: obesity as a multi-faceted and difficult to solve condition; obesity as a shameful and vulnerable subject; and bullying and fragile social relationships. Adolescents living with obesity described everyday life challenges as difficult to interpret and solve. Adolescents living with obesity perceived causes for obesity differently, and those who emphasised familial determinants seemed to face greater challenges. Lack of support from parents, trusted friends and health-care providers and bullying, shame, guilt and self-blame represented threats that decreased motivation for help seeking and successful life-style changes. The adolescents were ambivalent regarding disclosing their concerns and seeking help. The adolescents feared that health care providers would demand too much from them, and peers were perceived as a possible source of support. Conclusion: Care providers need to be skilled in assessing each individual’s resources and interpretations of their condition, to be able to communicate in a respectful, patient-centred manner and to assist adolescents to explore their ambivalence and set their own realistic goals. More research is needed.
Ten-Day Quadruple Therapy Comprising Low-Dose Rabeprazole, Bismuth, Amoxicillin, and Tetracycline Is an Effective and Safe First-Line Treatment for Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Population with High Antibiotic Resistance: a Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Controlled Clinical Tria

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy with amoxicillin, tetracycline, or clarithromycin and different doses of rabeprazole for first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. This multicenter, randomized, parallel-controlled clinical trial was conducted between March 2013 and August 2014. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy with amoxicillin, tetracycline, or clarithromycin and different doses of rabeprazole for first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. This multicenter, randomized, parallel-controlled clinical trial was conducted between March 2013 and August 2014. A total of 431 H. pylori-infected patients with duodenal ulcers were enrolled and randomized into four treatment groups (1:1:1:1) for 10 days, as follows: (i) a group receiving a low dose of rabeprazole of 10 mg twice a day (b.i.d.) (LR dose) plus bismuth, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin (LR-BAC); (ii) a group receiving LR plus bismuth, amoxicillin, and tetracycline (LR-BAT); (iii) a group receiving a high dose of rabeprazole of 20 mg b.i. d. (HR dose) plus bismuth, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin (HR-BAC); and (iv) a group receiving HR-BAT. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the Etest method. The primary outcome was H. pylori eradication at 4 weeks after the treatment. The per-protocol (PP) eradication rates in the LR-BAC, LR-BAT, HR-BAC, and HR-BAT groups were 94.1%, 91.9%, 94.8%, and 91.9%, respectively, while the intention-to-treat (ITT) eradication rates in those groups were 87.2%, 87.2%, 87.7%, and 86%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the four groups in PP analysis (P = 0.799) and ITT analysis (P = 0.985). The efficacies of four-treatment therapy were not affected by antibiotic resistance. The adverse events in the four treatment groups were similar; central nervous system (CNS) and gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common reported. Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy with low-dose rabeprazole, amoxicillin, and tetracycline is a good option for first-line treatment of H. pylori infection in a population with high antibiotic resistance. (This study is registered at Chinese Clinical Trials Registry [www.chictr.org.cn] under number ChiCTR1800014832.)
Prospective Countywide Surveillance and Autopsy Characterization of Sudden Cardiac Death: POST SCD Study

Background: Studies of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death (SCD) use emergency medical services records, death certificates, or definitions that infer cause of death; thus, the true incidence of SCD is unknown. Over 90% of SCDs occur out-of-hospital; nonforensic autopsies are rarely performed, and therefore causes of death are presumed. We conducted a medical examiner–based investigation to determine the precise incidence and autopsy-defined causes of all SCDs in an entire metropolitan area. We hypothesized that postmortem investigation would identify actual sudden arrhythmic deaths among presumed SCDs. Methods: Between February 1, 2011, and March 1, 2014, we prospectively identified all incident deaths attributed to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (emergency medical services primary impression, cardiac arrest) between 18 to 90 years of age in San Francisco County for autopsy, toxicology, and histology via medical examiner surveillance of consecutive out-of-hospital deaths, all reported by law. We obtained comprehensive records to determine whether out-of-hospital cardiac arrest deaths met World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for SCD. We reviewed death certificates filed quarterly for missed SCDs. Autopsy-defined sudden arrhythmic deaths had no extracardiac cause of death or acute heart failure. A multidisciplinary committee adjudicated final cause. Results: All 20 440 deaths were reviewed; 12 671 were unattended and reported to the medical examiner. From these, we identified 912 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest deaths; 541 (59%) met WHO SCD criteria (mean 62.8 years, 69% male) and 525 (97%) were autopsied. Eighty-nine additional WHO-defined SCDs occurred within 3 weeks of active medical care with the death certificate signed by the attending physician, ineligible for autopsy but included in the countywide WHO-defined SCD incidence of 29.6/100 000 person-years, highest in black men (P<0.0001). Of 525 WHO-defined SCDs, 301 (57%) had no cardiac history. Leading causes of death were coronary disease (32%), occult overdose (13.5%), cardiomyopathy (10%), cardiac hypertrophy (8%), and neurological (5.5%). Autopsy-defined sudden arrhythmic deaths were 55.8% (293/525) of overall, 65% (78/120) of witnessed, and 53% (215/405) of unwitnessed WHO-defined SCDs (P=0.024); 286 of 293 (98%) had structural cardiac disease. Conclusions: Forty percent of deaths attributed to stated cardiac arrest were not sudden or unexpected, and nearly half of presumed SCDs were not arrhythmic. These findings have implications for the accuracy of SCDs as defined by WHO criteria or emergency medical services records in aggregate mortality data, clinical trials, and cohort studies.
Evidence for the Involvement of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis and Degradation in the Formation of Insect Sex Pheromone-Mimicking Chiloglottones in Sexually Deceptive Chiloglottis Orchids

Hundreds of orchid species secure pollination by sexually luring specific male insects as pollinators by chemical and morphological mimicry. Yet, the biochemical pathways involved in the synthesis of the insect sex pheromone-mimicking volatiles in these sexually deceptive plants remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the biochemical pathways linked to the chemical mimicry of female sex pheromones (chiloglottones) employed by the Australian sexually deceptive Chiloglottis orchids to lure their male pollinator. By strategically exploiting the transcriptomes of chiloglottone 1-producing Chiloglottis trapeziformis at distinct floral tissues and at key floral developmental stages, we identified two key transcriptional trends linked to the stage- and tissue-dependent distribution profiles of chiloglottone in the flower: (i) developmental upregulation of fatty acid biosynthesis and β-oxidation genes such as KETOACYL-ACP SYNTHASE, FATTY ACYL-ACP THIOESTERASE, and ACYL-COA OXIDASE during the transition from young to mature buds and flowers and (ii) the tissue-specific induction of fatty acid pathway genes in the callus (the insectiform odor-producing structure on the labellum of the flower) compared to the labellum remains (non-odor-producing) regardless of development stage of the flower. Enzyme inhibition experiments targeting KETOACYL-ACP SYNTHASE activity alone in three chiloglottone-producing species (C. trapeziformis, C. valida, and C. aff. valida) significantly inhibited chiloglottone biosynthesis up to 88.4% compared to the controls. These findings highlight the role of coordinated (developmental stage- and tissue-dependent) fatty acid gene expression and enzyme activities for chiloglottone production in Chiloglottis orchids.
An ERP Investigation of L2–L1 Translation Priming in Adult Learners

A longstanding debate centers around how beginning adult bilinguals process words in their second language (L2). Do they access the meaning of the L2 words directly or do they first activate the native language (L1) translation equivalents in order to access meaning? To address this question, we used ERPs to investigate how newly learned L2 words influence processing of their L1 translation equivalents. We taught participants the meanings of 80 novel L2 (pseudo)words by presenting them with pictures of familiar objects. After 3 days of learning, participants were tested in a backward translation priming paradigm with a short (140 ms) stimulus onset asynchrony. L1 targets preceded by their L2 translations elicited faster responses and smaller amplitude negativities than the same L1 targets preceded by unrelated L2 words. The bulk of the ERP translation priming effect occurred within the N400 window (350–550 ms), suggesting that the new L2 words were automatically activating their semantic representations. A weaker priming effect in the preceding window (200–350 ms) was found at anterior sites, providing some evidence that the forms of the L1 translation equivalents had also been activated. These results have implications for models of L2 processing at the earliest stages of learning.
GPCR kinase 2–interacting protein‐1 protects against ischemia‐reperfusion injury of the spinal cord by modulating ASK1/JNK/p38 signaling

GPCR kinase 2–interacting protein‐1 (GIT1) is a scaffold protein that plays an important role in cell adaptation, proliferation, migration, and differentiation; however, the role of GIT1 in the regulation of neuronal death after spinal cord injury remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that GIT1 deficiency remarkably increased neuronal apoptosis and enhanced JNK/p38 signaling, which resulted in stronger motor deficits by ischemia‐reperfusion in vivo, consistent with the finding of oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation–induced neuronal injury in vitro. After treatment with JNK and p38 inhibitors, abnormally necroptotic cell death caused by GIT1 knockdown could be partially rescued, with the recovery of neuronal viability, which was still poorer than that in control neurons. Meanwhile, overactivation of JNK/p38 after GIT1 depletion was concomitant with excessive activity of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase‐1 (ASK1) that could be abolished by ASK1 silencing in HEK293T cells. Finally, GIT1 could disrupt the oligomerization of ASK1 via interaction between the synaptic localization domain that contains the coiled‐coil (CC)‐2 domain of GIT1 and the C‐terminal CC domain of ASK1. It suppressed the autophosphorylation of ASK1 and led to decreasing activity of the ASK1/JNK/p38 pathway. These data reveal a protective role for GIT1 in neuronal damage by modulating ASK1/JNK/p38 signaling. —Chen, J., Wang, Q. , Zhou, W. , Zhou, Z. , Tang, P.‐Y. , Xu, T. , Liu, W. , Li, L. ‐W. , Cheng, L. , Zhou, Z. ‐M. , Fan, J., Yin, G. ‐Y. GPCR kinase 2‐interacting protein‐1 protects against ischemia‐reperfusion injury of the spinal cord by modulating ASK1/JNK/p38 signaling. FASEB J. 32, 6833–6847 (2018). www.fasebj. org
Ares: A framework for quantifying the resilience of deep neural networks

As the use of deep neural networks continues to grow, so does the fraction of compute cycles devoted to their execution. This has led the CAD and architecture communities to devote considerable attention to building DNN hardware. Despite these efforts, the fault tolerance of DNNs has generally been overlooked. This paper is the first to conduct a large-scale, empirical study of DNN resilience. Motivated by the inherent algorithmic resilience of DNNs, we are interested in understanding the relationship between fault rate and model accuracy. To do so, we present Ares: a light-weight, DNN-specific fault injection framework validated within 12% of real hardware. We find that DNN fault tolerance varies by orders of magnitude with respect to model, layer type, and structure.
The burnout phenomenon among student radiographers: a single centre experience.

OBJECTIVES Burnout syndrome is a condition that may occur not only for staff in human service sectors/jobs, involving intensive interactions with others, but also people that are engaged in activities psychologically similar to work, such as students. Radiographers in training suffer double stress, first linked to the status of being a university student and secondly as early career workers who have relations with the public of the health system. Aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence and levels of burnout syndrome among radiographers in training in an University Hospital. METHODS In order to gain a better understanding of nature of the burnout syndrome a modified version of Maslach's questionnaire (investigating three areas: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment), was administered to two groups selected from a cohort of radiographers University students (from the 1st and 3rd year of course). RESULTS 62/62 questionnaires were completed, returned and analysed. The research outcomes highlighted a clear difference between group I and group II in relation to one of the three areas of the Maslach's model: "depersonalization" (p<0.001). Moreover, the third year students group presented a significantly higher risk to develop burnout. On the other hand, the third area examined, the reduced personal accomplishment domain, was surprisingly high even among first-year students. CONCLUSIONS The research outcomes seem to suggest that the presence of emotional burnout, or risk of burnout, among third year students is statistically significant, compared to the first year students, being a significant aspect to investigate further in this class of students. It is also assumed that the high degree of "past failures, feeling of self failure" observed among all student, is related to a feeling of poor efficacy and poor self worth that appear to grow from the beginning of the course. This topic needs further investigation in the light of the result of this study.
Subspace Embedding and Linear Regression with Orlicz Norm

We consider a generalization of the classic linear regression problem to the case when the loss is an Orlicz norm. An Orlicz norm is parameterized by a non-negative convex function $G:\mathbb{R}_+\rightarrow\mathbb{R}_+$ with $G(0)=0$: the Orlicz norm of a vector $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$ is defined as $ \|x\|_G=\inf\left\{\alpha>0\large\mid\sum_{i=1}^n G(|x_i|/\alpha)\leq 1\right\}. $ We consider the cases where the function $G(\cdot)$ grows subquadratically. Our main result is based on a new oblivious embedding which embeds the column space of a given matrix $A\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times d}$ with Orlicz norm into a lower dimensional space with $\ell_2$ norm. Specifically, we show how to efficiently find an embedding matrix $S\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times n},m<n$ such that $\forall x\in\mathbb{R}^{d},\Omega(1/(d\log n)) \cdot \|Ax\|_G\leq \|SAx\|_2\leq O(d^2\log n) \cdot \|Ax\|_G. $ By applying this subspace embedding technique, we show an approximation algorithm for the regression problem $\min_{x\in\mathbb{R}^d} \|Ax-b\|_G$, up to a $O(d\log^2 n)$ factor. As a further application of our techniques, we show how to also use them to improve on the algorithm for the $\ell_p$ low rank matrix approximation problem for $1\leq p<2$.