Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internationalization of Higher Education in Kyrgyzstan

The aim of this research is to find general trends and rationales for internationalization of higher education in Kyrgyzstan. The conceptual framework for this work is based on concepts developed by Knight and de Wit, Knight (2004). It used qualitative research, including secondary data and interviews. Although not very widely but internationalization became part of Kyrgyzstan higher education. There are student and staff mobility programs; the country hosts branches of foreign universities. Kyrgyzstan universities are creating extensive networks with world universities. Bologna process played major role in incorporating Kyrgyzstan education system to the world educational community. Kyrgyzstan has acquired international standards in terms of two-level cycle and credit hours. Along with that higher education is still facing problems and challenges. Corruption and low quality are among them. The study found that the most important rationale for internationalization is educational rationale. It is believed that internationalization improves academic quality. Economic, political and cultural/social rationales are also important. INTRODUCTION . 2 1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND. 6 1.1 Globalization and internationalization . 6 1.2 Internationalization . 7 1.3 Rationales for internationalization: . 13 2. METHODOLOGY . 16 3. OVERVIEW OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM IN KYRGYZSTAN. 17 3.1 Administration of higher education institutions . 19 3.2 Public and Private higher education institutions . 20 3.3 Financing of Higher Education . 20 3.4 Reform of Higher Education . 23 3.5 Problems in higher education sector . 26 4. INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN KYRGYZ REPUBLIC . 28 4.1 Government Policies and actions . 28 4.2 Student Mobility . 33 4.3 Bilateral agreements and foreign university branches . 37 4.4 International Collaboration . 41 4.5 Donor assistance . 42 4.6 EU-Kyrgyzstan cooperation . 43 5. RATIONALES FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION . 49 5.1 Political Rationale . 50 5.2 Cultural and Social rationales . 52 5.3 Economic rationale. 53 5.4 Educational rationale . 56 6. DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS: . 57 7. CONCLUSION . 63 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 65 APPENDIX . 74 QUESTIONS ASKED DURING THE INTERVIEWS? 74
Current Status of Urinary/Cardiac Catheter Indwelling Pathogens and their Biofilm Formation Capabilities

: A great threat to indwelling devices like urinary and cardiac catheters is by an accumulation of microorganisms embedded in an exopolysaccharide matrix. This may result into slow and persistent infections and thereby interfering with antibiotic therapy too. This study was aimed to find out the bacterial and fungal etiological agents that are the major cause of biofilm formation on tips of urinary and cardiac catheters along with their higher resistance towards antimicrobials. Total 36 urinary catheter tips and 4 cardiac catheter tips were collected from various clinics of Surat region, since December 2018 to March 2019 from the admitted patients. Out of these samples, many of them were polymicrobials and produced total of 63 isolates. Among these isolates, 93.66% were bacterial etiological agents and 6.34% were fungal etiological agents. Gram negative isolates predominated (55.56%) over gram positives. Antibiotics susceptibility patterns of isolates were determine by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Prevalence of ESBLs producing gram negative isolates and determination of Oxacillin resistant gram Positive cocci (S.aureus) were carried out. Biofilm forming capabilities were observed in majority of the isolates when performed by Tube, Congo Red Agar (CRA), and Microtitre Plate (MTP) Methods. Partial molecular sequencing (18S r RNA) of screened isolate with high biofilm formation capabilities and its phylogenetic analysis is determined.
The Recent History of Platelets in Thrombosis and Other Disorders

The transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 25 November 2003. Introduction by Professor Tom Meade, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2005. ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2005. All volumes freely available following the links to publications and Wellcome Witnesses at www.ucl. ac.uk/histmed.
Psychosurgery in the treatment of mental disorders and intractable pain

Inevitably, reading is one of the requirements to be undergone. To improve the performance and quality, someone needs to have something new every day. It will suggest you to have more inspirations, then. However, the needs of inspirations will make you searching for some sources. Even from the other people experience, internet, and many books. Books and internet are the recommended media to help you improving your quality and performance.
Surgical treatment of trapezius palsy: A systematic review

Background Trapezius palsy results from injury to the spinal accessory nerve. The condition presents with loss of shoulder abduction, pain, and winging of the scapula. Surgical treatment may improve functional outcomes and quality of life. Purpose The purpose of this study was to report and evaluate the clinical outcomes following surgical management of trapezius palsy. Study design Systematic review. Methods The electronic databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched for studies and relevant data were abstracted. Only studies reporting on outcomes after the surgical treatments of trapezius palsy were included. Results A total of 10 studies including 192 patients were included in this review. All surgical interventions resulted in improved function and pain reduction. Patients reported high satisfaction (90–92%) following nerve reconstruction or the Eden–Lange procedure, in comparison to neurolysis. The most common procedure reported was the Eden–Lange muscle transfer (32% reported cases) demonstrating the highest patient satisfaction rates with low complication rate of 7.7%. Conclusion Patients failing conservative treatment report good outcomes following surgical treatment of trapezius palsy. All reported surgical procedures demonstrate reduction in pain the best results from the Eden–Lange muscle transfer. Further high-quality comparative studies are required to make definitive conclusions regarding the comparative efficacy of each surgical procedure.
Functional competence of CD8+ T cell responses specific to human cytomegalovirus in common variable immunodeficiency

This PhD investigated the role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in inflammatory disease associated with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) by examining the functional competence of HCMV specific CD8+ T cell responses. The project was based on the hypothesis that HCMV is a major factor driving the expansion of CD8+ T cells that contribute to the inflammatory pathology. HCMV specific CD8+ T cell frequencies were significantly elevated in inflammatory patients compared to non-inflammatory patients or healthy subjects. The frequency of EBV (GLC) epitope specific CD8+ T cells did not differ between patient groups. HCMV CD8+ T cells from inflammatory patients displayed a distinct cytokine expression profile with the majority of cells producing IFN-γ only or IFN-γ and TNF-α in response to antigen stimulation. These cells did not show evidence of exhaustion, with low PD-1 expression; rather, they showed high functionality, high TCR avidity and high proliferative potential. CD8+ T cells from inflammatory patients but not non-inflammatory patients or healthy donors expressed high levels of Ki-67 and proliferated in response to antigen stimulation in vitro without co-stimulation. Further phenotypic analysis revealed striking correlations between the frequencies of HCMV specific CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1 or granzyme B and the overall frequency of CD8+ CD27-CD28- T cells. Consistent with their hypothesized role in the inflammatory disease, the CD8+ T cells from inflammatory patients expressed reduced levels of the anti-inflammatory marker CD73. Further support for the involvement of HCMV in driving the inflammatory pathology came from collaborative work in which viral antigen was detected at the sites of inflammation. The results support the hypothesis that HCMV and HCMV-specific T cells are key factors in CVID associated inflammation. They explain previously reported T cell ‘abnormalities’ seen in CVID and provide an evidence base for clinical trials of anti-TNF therapy and/or antiviral therapy in these patients.
City of Albuquerque, New Mexico, Municipal Forest Resource Analysis

We conduct research that demonstrates new ways in which trees add value to your community, converting results into financial terms to assist you in stimulating more investment in trees. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape , etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at: (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write: Acknowledgements We greatly appreciate the assistance provided
How to evaluate the adequacy of staging for nodal-negative epithelial ovarian cancer? Use of nodal staging score

Objective No guideline has been provided to assess the minimal number of lymph nodes (LNs) that should be dissected for accurate staging in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The aim of the study was to develop a nodal staging score (NSS) as an index to assess whether a pathologic (p)N0 EOC patient is indeed free of a nodal disease. Methods A total of 16,361 EOC patients staged I–III between 2004 and 2013 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result database. With a β-binomial model, NSS was calculated to assess the probability of true-negative findings of LN status. Results With an increased number of LNs examined, the probability of missing a nodal disease decreased and varied among different pT stages. Given 1 LN examined, an NSS of 93.76% calculated could ensure a high adequacy of nodal-negative classification for pT1N0 EOC patients. For pT2N0 patients, 5 LNs examined could guarantee an NSS of 90% for adequate staging. Likewise, 11 and 29 LNs examined in pT3N0 patients could maintain NSS at the level of 80% and 90%, respectively. Our study suggested the optimal number of LNs that could be examined and stratified by the pT stages for EOC patients based on this statistical model derived from large pathologic data of clinical surgery patients. Conclusion NSS, as an auxiliary tool, not only could assist the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging more precisely, but also would provide a statistical basis for postoperative evaluation for further clinical decision-making.
Methodology of Big Data Integration from A Priori Unknown Heterogeneous Data Sources

The success of data preparation for Big Data analytics directly depends on the quality of data integration from heterogeneous data sources. Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) systems have proved to be an efficient solution for this task. But to the moment, in the stages of data selection, definition of extraction rules and transformation, the decision is usually made exclusively by a data specialist. This, in turn, causes such problems as redundancy and inconsistency of imported data, narrow specialization of rules (up to uniqueness) with a limited number of analytical models and known requirements for the data mart. This paper presents the concept of solving the problem by providing methodological support for Big Data preparation procedure to efficiently collect data from a priory unknown heterogeneous data sources.
Older people in residential care settings: results of a national survey of staff-resident interactions and conflicts

In the report Protecting Our Future it was recommended that, following its establishment, the National Centre for the Protection of Older People should identify ‘current practices in residential care that result in the abuse of older people’ (Working Group on Elder Abuse 2002: 22). This report is part of the process of enacting that recommendation. With the support of the Health Service Executive, the National Centre for the Protection of Older People (NCPOP) undertook a national survey of staff in residential care homes in Ireland.
Methanogenesis in animals with foregut and hindgut fermentation: a review

Methane is the main greenhouse-gas contributor to global warming in the livestock sector; it is generated by anaerobic fermentation in the different sections of the gut, and the methane concentration differs significantly among species. Methane is produced only by certain types of microorganisms called methanogens. The species composition of methanogenic archaea population is largely affected by the diet, geographical location, host and the section of the gut. Consequently, methane production, either measured as total grams emitted per day or per bodyweight mass, differs greatly among animal species. The main difference in methanogenic activity among different gut sections and animal species is the substrate fermented and the metabolic pathway to complete anaerobic fermentation of plant material. The three main substrates used by methanogens are CO2, acetate and compounds containing methyl groups. The three dominant orders of methanogens in gut environments are Methanomicrobiales, Methanobacteriales and Methanosarcinales. They normally are present in low numbers (below 3% of total microbiome). The present review will describe the main metabolic pathways and methanogens involved in CH4 production in the gut of different host-animal species, as well as discuss general trends that influence such emissions, such as geographical distribution, feed composition, section of the gut, host age and diurnal and season variation. Finally, the review will describe animal species (large and small domestic ruminants, wild ruminants, camelids, pigs, rabbits, horses, macropods, termites and humans) specificities in the methanogen diversity and their effects on methane emission.
Epidemiology of Pediatric Medical Emergencies at the Kindu Reference General Hospital (HGRK): State of Affairs and Perspectives

The management of pediatric medical emergencies is a focus of WHO’s strategy to reduce child and adolescent morbidity and mortality worldwide. It requires the synergy of several inputs including infrastructure, equipment and a sufficiently trained staff. The aim of our study was to present the epidemiological aspects of pediatric medical emergencies at Kindu General Reference Hospital in order to facilitate the projection of the actions to be carried out. To do this, we undertook a cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study by collecting the data in the pediatric ward of Kindu General Reference Hospital from January 1st to December 31st, 2017 with age, sex, month of admission, emergency sign, diagnostic hypothesis, treatment, length of stay and discharge modality as study’s variables in children with an emergency sign (difficulty breathing, convulsion, coma, shock and severe dehydration). After processing data on Excel 2010 and SPSS 23 software, the analysis by descriptive statistical measures shows that the frequency of signs of medical emergency in children is 21.4% among which 52.3% are male, over 70% of children with emergency signs are under the age of five with an average age of 2.1 years, the high frequency of signs of urgency was observed in June, the decreasing order of frequency of various emergency signs is severe dehydration (58.9%), seizures (24.1%), difficulty breathing (10.3%), coma (5.6%) and the state of shock (1.2%); Malaria (48.1%), diarrhea (28.3%) and meningitis (19.2%) were common causes of the signs of emergencies, symptomatic treatment for the different signs of urgency was applied in 88.6% of cases, the duration of hospitalization of children with an emergency sign is less than 4 days in 50% of cases with an average of 4 ± 3 days and mortality among children with a sign emergency in our study is 17.3%. These results highlight the existence of life-threatening medical emergencies in the child in our work environment and require the establishment of a real pediatric emergency unit within the HGRK.
Conjugation of Cell-Penetrating Peptides to Antimicrobial Peptides Enhances Antibacterial Activity

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), essential elements in host innate immune defenses against numerous pathogens, have received considerable attention as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Most AMPs exert broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity through depolarization and permeabilization of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Here, we introduce a new approach for enhancing the antibiotic activity of AMPs by conjugation of a cationic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP). Interestingly, CPP-conjugated AMPs elicited only a 2- to 4-fold increase in antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, but showed a 4- to 16-fold increase in antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Although CPP–AMP conjugates did not significantly increase membrane permeability, they efficiently translocated across a lipid bilayer. Indeed, confocal microscopy showed that, while AMPs were localized mainly in the membrane of Escherichia coli, the conjugates readily penetrated bacterial cells. In addition, the conjugates exhibited a higher affinity for DNA than unconjugated AMPs. Collectively, we demonstrate that CPP–AMP conjugates possess multiple functional properties, including membrane permeabilization, membrane translocation, and DNA binding, which are involved in their enhanced antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. We propose that conjugation of CPPs to AMPs may present an effective approach for the development of novel antimicrobials against Gram-negative bacteria.
The Association among Serum Leptin, Insulin and Insulin Resistance in Iraqi Patients with Cholelithiasis

Gallstone disease (GD): is a common condition all over the world as well as in Iraq . It is a chronic recurrent hepatobiliary disease, the basis for which is the impaired metabolism of cholesterol, bilirubin and bile acids. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum leptin and insulin, insulin resistance and cholelithiasisand serum electrolyte and cholelithiasis.Fifty patients with GD, aged between 16 to 83 years attending in AL-Yarmouk teaching hospital in Baghdad, Iraq (between December 2013 and May 2014) were included in the present study, also forty normal persons, aged (19-77 years) who serve as control group. The result shows a significant increasing in the mean of fasting serum glucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment [HOMA], VLDL, AST, ALP and iron, and a significant decreasing in the means of HDL, sodium, chloride of patients compared to controls. From the present study, the following can be concluded: hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, increase leptin level, abnormal changes of lipoprotein, abnormal changes in liver functions, mineral and increase in BMI. All of these parameters are associated with cholelithiasis.
Phenology and population structure of the Mediterranean stripe-necked terrapin Mauremys leprosa (Schweigger, 1812) in the ReghaÃ¯a Lake (northern Algeria)

The Mediterranean stripe-necked terrapin is a freshwater turtle widely distributed in southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa, but whose natural history is little known. In this study we investigated the ecology of a population in northern Algeria (ReghaÃ¯a Lake Ramsar Reserve), with special emphasis on its phenology, demographic structure and diet, based on capture and recapture methods. Our results indicated that there is a short inactivity period in January and possibly the activity is also reduced during the month of August. The best Jolly-Seber model indicated that the population within the survey station had a minimum size of 653 specimens. The population contained a higher proportion of males (0.68 - 0.76) and a proportion of juveniles between 0.02 - 0.16. Females were larger and relatively heavier than males. Analysis of stomach contents showed that M. leprosa feeds with high frequency on aquatic arthropods. Specifically, we found insects: Diptera (Chironomidae, Culicidae, Dixidae, Syrphidae), Heteroptera (Corixidae, Notonectidae) and Coleoptera (Dytiscidae), crustaceans (Branchiopoda, Ostracoda), plant matter (Typha angustifolia), fish (Gambusia holbrooki), and unidentified materials.
Variability in locomotor dynamics reveals the critical role of feedback in task control

Animals vary considerably in size, shape, and physiological features across individuals, but yet achieve behavioral performances that are virtually indistinguishable between conspecifics. We examined how animals compensate for morphophysiological variation by measuring the system dynamics of individual knifefish (Eigenmannia virescens) in a refuge tracking task. Kinematic measurements of Eigenmannia were used to generate individualized estimates of each fish’s locomotor plant and controller revealing substantial variability between fish. To test the impact of this variability on behavioral performance, these models were used to perform simulated ‘brain transplants’—computationally swapping controllers and plants between individuals. We found that simulated closed-loop performance was robust to mismatch between plant and controller. This suggests that animals rely on feedback rather than precisely tuned neural controllers to compensate for morphophysiological variability.
Disparities in the treatment of early breast cancer

OF MANUSCRIPT 1 OF 3 USE OF ADJUVANT SYSTEMIC THERAPY FOR EARLY BREAST CANCER AMONG WOMEN 65 YEARS AND OLDER Dissertation Director: Kitaw Demissie, MD, PhD ABSTRACT The National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus statement recommends adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer irrespective of age. However, the actual use of such therapy is not well documented among women over 65 years. This study reports the frequency of use of adjuvant therapy in this age group. Receipt of adjuvant therapy was ascertained for 200 women aged ≥65 years diagnosed with early breast cancer who were identified from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry. In this population, 28% of patients received chemotherapy alone or in combination with hormonal therapy whereas 42% received hormonal therapy alone. Less than half of the women with ER negative tumors received chemotherapy alone or in combination with hormonal treatment. Adjuvant therapy was not prescribed to 30% of patients. Despite NIH recommendations, theThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus statement recommends adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer irrespective of age. However, the actual use of such therapy is not well documented among women over 65 years. This study reports the frequency of use of adjuvant therapy in this age group. Receipt of adjuvant therapy was ascertained for 200 women aged ≥65 years diagnosed with early breast cancer who were identified from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry. In this population, 28% of patients received chemotherapy alone or in combination with hormonal therapy whereas 42% received hormonal therapy alone. Less than half of the women with ER negative tumors received chemotherapy alone or in combination with hormonal treatment. Adjuvant therapy was not prescribed to 30% of patients. Despite NIH recommendations, the frequency of use of adjuvant therapy in New Jersey is low among women over 65 years regardless of their receptor status.