Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in first remission.

Seventy-three patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in first complete remission (CR) have received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with non-T-lymphocyte-depleted marrow obtained from matched sibling donors. The first 36 patients received a preparative regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, 60 mg/kg/d (days -6 and -5), and 750 cGy single-dose total-body irradiation (TBI) (day -1). Subsequently, 37 patients received cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/d (days -6 and -5), and 165 cGy fractionated TBI administered twice daily for a total dose of 1,320 cGy (days -4, -3, -2, and -1). Survivors have been followed from 9 to 124 months (median, 40 months). The 61% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45% to 77%) projected disease-free survival (DFS) of 41 children less than 18 years old does not differ significantly from the 62% (95% CI, 49% to 73%) projected DFS of 32 adults at 84 months (P = .89). Similarly, the 15% (95% CI, 1% to 29%) projected relapse rate seen in children does not differ from the 9% (95% CI, 0% to 21%) seen in adults (P = .69). Multivariate Cox regression analysis of presenting features demonstrates that a presenting WBC count greater than 20,000/m3 is associated with decreased DFS (P = .01). When compared with other French-American-British (FAB) subtypes, presentation with FAB M4 or M5 morphology is significantly associated with relapse in multivariate analysis (P = .014). Other presenting features such as preparation with single-dose or fractionated TBI, interval from diagnosis to CR or CR to BMT, donor or recipient sex, and donor or recipient cytomegalovirus serology do not correlate independently with either DFS or relapse. When included in the stepwise multivariate analysis of presenting patient features, two posttransplant events, development of grades 2 to 4 acute graft-v-host disease (GVHD) (P less than .03) and development of interstitial pneumonitis (P less than .001), also correlate independently with poor DFS. Allogeneic BMT provides equivalent, prolonged DFS in both children and young adults when performed in first CR and should be considered the therapy of choice for all first CR patients under 45 years of age with a suitable donor. Continued efforts to prevent and treat acute GVHD and pneumonitis as well as efforts designed to prevent relapse in patients presenting with FAB M4 and M5 morphology should further improve outcome.
Unique organization of the CTX genetic element in Vibrio cholerae O139 strains which reemerged in Calcutta, India, in September 1996

We studied the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the rRNA gene and CTX genetic element in Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal, which resurged in Calcutta in September 1996 after a gap of 32 months. While the strains from this resurgence were indistinguishable from the earlier strains by ribotyping, the structure of the CTX genetic element present in the current O139 strains was found to be unconventional.
Endurance prediction and error Reduction in NAND flash using machine learning

NAND flash is rapidly becoming the media of choice for data storage, due in part to its speed and low power consumption. However, flash wears out through repeated program-erase (P-E) cycling, causing the raw bit error rate (RBER) to increase. Error correction codes (ECCs) are used to detect and correct errors in a sector of data called a codeword. An uncorrectable error occurs when the number of bit errors in a codeword exceeds a certain level, meaning the data cannot be recovered. This research uses machine learning to predict how far each sector of a NAND device can be cycled before it becomes uncorrectable by ECC, thereby enabling the controller to better manage the flash. We characterise a number of flash metrics to investigate their suitability for use as inputs to the prediction model, and determine the impact of each metric on the accuracy of the model. We show for the first time that it is possible to reliably make such predictions, achieving an overall accuracy of greater than 99% when the model was tested on unseen data.
Producción de materia seca y componentes morfológicos de cuatro cultivares de Brachiaria en el trópico

El objetivo fue evaluar bajo condiciones de temporal la adaptacion de cuatro cultivares de Brachiaria, con base en su comportamiento agronomico a diferentes edades de corte. Las variables medidas fueron: altura, produccion de hojas, tallos, total, material vivo y muerto. Los datos se analizaron en diseno de bloques al azar con arreglo en parcelas divididas y prueba de Tukey, P<0.05, para diferencia multiple de medias. La altura fue mayor (P<0.001) en los cultivares B. brizantha (Mg4) e Hibrido Mulato, con 42 y 41 cm, respectivamente, con relacion a B. brizantha. La produccion de hoja y material vivo fue mayor en el Hibrido Mulato, con 688 kg ms ha-1 (P<0.006) y 1,104 ms ha-1; P<0.001), respectivamente, comparada con B. decumbens. La produccion de tallos (457 kg ms ha-1; P=0.05) y materia seca total (1,125 ms ha-1; P=0.05), tuvo tendencia a ser mayor en Hibrido Mulato. Se concluye que los cultivares con mejor desempeno agronomico fueron Brachiaria ruziziensis X B. brizantha (Hibrido Mulato) y Mg4, sin diferencia en la produccion de materia seca entre cultivares.
Structural Organization and Promoter Analysis of the Bovine Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit VIIc Gene

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit VIIc is one of the nuclear encoded subunits of the 13-subunit holoenzyme that carries out the terminal step in the electron transport chain. We have isolated the gene for this subunit, previously shown to be ubiquitously expressed from a single copy gene in the genome, and show that 167 base pairs of DNA surrounding the transcriptional start site contain the minimal promoter of this gene. This basal promoter contains two YY1 sites and at least one site for NRF-2, which show binding to their cognate factors. Mutation of both YY1 sites eliminates most of the promoter activity. Mutation at the upstream YY1 site significantly reduces the efficiency of transcript initiation at the major start site and thus plays the dominant role in COX7C regulation. COX7C is, thus, the second nuclear gene of COX that is regulated by YY1, suggesting that it is a third common factor, along with NRF-1 and NRF-2, to be associated with COX gene regulation.
KDIGO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Acute Kidney Injury

tion’, implying that most patients ‘should’ receive a particular action. In contrast, level 2 guidelines are essentially ‘suggestions’ and are deemed to be ‘weak’ or discretionary, recognising that management decisions may vary in different clinical contexts. Each recommendation was further graded from A to D by the quality of evidence underpinning them, with grade A referring to a high quality of evidence whilst grade D recognised a ‘very low’ evidence base. The overall strength and quality of the supporting evidence is summarised in table 1 . The guidelines focused on 4 key domains: (1) AKI definition, (2) prevention and treatment of AKI, (3) contrastinduced AKI (CI-AKI) and (4) dialysis interventions for the treatment of AKI. The full summary of clinical practice statements is available at www.kdigo. org, but a few key recommendation statements will be highlighted here.
The 25–26 nt Small RNAs in Phytophthora parasitica Are Associated with Efficient Silencing of Homologous Endogenous Genes

Small RNAs (sRNAs) are important non-coding RNA regulators, playing key roles in developmental regulation, transposon suppression, environmental response, host–pathogen interaction and other diverse biological processes. However, their roles in oomycetes are poorly understood. Here, we performed sRNA sequencing and RNA sequencing of Phytophthora parasitica at stages of vegetative growth and infection of Arabidopsis roots to examine diversity and function of sRNAs in P. parasitica, a model hemibiotrophic oomycete plant pathogen. Our results indicate that there are two distinct types of sRNA-generating loci in P. parasitica genome, giving rise to clusters of 25–26 nt and 21 nt sRNAs, respectively, with no significant strand-biases. The 25–26 nt sRNA loci lie predominantly in gene-sparse and repeat-rich regions, and overlap with over 7000 endogenous gene loci. These overlapped genes are typically P. parasitica species-specific, with no homologies to the sister species P. infestans. They include approximately 40% RXLR effector genes, 50% CRN effector genes and some elicitor genes. The transcripts of most of these genes could not be detected at both the vegetative mycelium and infection stages as revealed by RNA sequencing, indicating that the 25–26 nt sRNAs are associated with efficient silencing of these genes. The 21 nt sRNA loci typically overlap with the exon regions of highly expressed genes, suggesting that the biogenesis of the 21 nt sRNAs may be dependent on the level of gene transcription and that these sRNAs do not mediate efficient silencing of homologous genes. Analyses of the published P. infestans sRNA and mRNA sequencing data consistently show that the 25–26 nt sRNAs, but not the 21 nt sRNAs, may mediate efficient gene silencing in Phytophthora.
Al-Farabi on the Perfect State: Abū Naṣr Al-Fārābī's Mabādi' Ārā Ahl al-Madīna al-Fāḍila . A revised text with introduction, translation and commentary by Richard Walzer. pp. viii, 569, oxford, Clarendon Press, 1985. £45.00.

al-Razi's The part allocated to Theology commences with a survey of the "Ismail! and Druze Cosmogony in Relation to Plotinus and Aristotle" by Sami N. Makarem. Ibn Slna and Ibn Rushd provide meat for articles from a well-known group of scholars including Majid Fakhry, A. L. Ivry, and Muhsin Mahdi. F. Shehadi rounds off the volume with a piece on Ibn Khaldun in which the great historian is examined in the context of such themes as theism, mysticism and scientific history. of Islamic and
On the inappropriateness of an EM algorithm based procedure for blinded sample size re‐estimation

When planning a clinical trial the sample size calculation is commonly based on an a priori estimate of the variance of the outcome variable. Misspecification of the variance can have substantial impact on the power of the trial. It is therefore attractive to update the planning assumptions during the ongoing trial using an internal estimate of the variance. For this purpose, an EM algorithm based procedure for blinded variance estimation was proposed for normally distributed data. Various simulation studies suggest a number of appealing properties of this procedure. In contrast, we show that (i) the estimates provided by this procedure depend on the initialization, (ii) the stopping rule used is inadequate to guarantee that the algorithm converges against the maximum likelihood estimator, and (iii) the procedure corresponds to the special case of simple randomization which, however, in clinical trials is rarely applied. Further, we show that maximum likelihood estimation leads to no reasonable results for blinded sample size re‐estimation due to bias and high variability. The problem is illustrated by a clinical trial in asthma. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting kidney mesangium by nanoparticles of defined size

Nanoparticles are being investigated for numerous medical applications and are showing potential as an emerging class of carriers for drug delivery. Investigations on how the physicochemical properties (e.g., size, surface charge, shape, and density of targeting ligands) of nanoparticles enable their ability to overcome biological barriers and reach designated cellular destinations in sufficient amounts to elicit biological efficacy are of interest. Despite proven success in nanoparticle accumulation at cellular locations and occurrence of downstream therapeutic effects (e.g., target gene inhibition) in a selected few organs such as tumor and liver, reports on effective delivery of engineered nanoparticles to other organs still remain scarce. Here, we show that nanoparticles of ~75 ± 25-nm diameters target the mesangium of the kidney. These data show the effects of particle diameter on targeting the mesangium of the kidney. Because many diseases originate from this area of the kidney, our findings establish design criteria for constructing nanoparticle-based therapeutics for targeting diseases that involve the mesangium of the kidney.
Relationship of amniotic-type placenta inflammation to pPROM, PROM and risk of early onset neonatal sepsis.

BACKGROUND PROM and pPROM and early onset neonatal sepsis negatively affect the neonatal perinatal mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVES The target of the work was to evaluate the relationship between chorioamnionitis, funisitis and PROM, pPROM and the risk of early onset neonatal sepsis. METHODS We examined 152 samples of the placenta and umbilical cord, histologically and microbiologically, in 53 women without PROM, 52 women with PROM and 47 women with pPROM. RESULTS We demonstrated a statistically significant relationship of chorioamnionitis and funisitis to the risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis. We demonstrated no relationship between pathological findings in the placenta and PROM or pPROM. CONCLUSIONS The histological findings of an amniotic-type placentitis can particularly be used for supporting or possibly excluding the diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis.
Two cases of green pigmentation of the deciduous teeth associated with hemolytic disease of the newborn.

1. Meperidine hydrochloride combined with procaine 2 per cent, tetracaine 0.15 per cent, nordefrin 1:10,000 provided effective local anesthesia in various oper­ ative procedures. 2. The above combination induced mild to marked sedation in almost all cases. 3. These drugs minimized the “anxi­ ety syndrome” in several severe cases. 4. Definite antisialagogue effect was noted. 5. Side actions are of minor signifi­ cance, usually dizziness, and occur dur­ ing operating period. 6. There are fewer side actions from 25 mg. meperidine than from local anes­ thetic solutions alone. 7. Average adult dose of meperidine hydrochloride is estimated at 35 mg. per 150 pounds of adult weight. 8. Sedation commences at 5 to 10 minutes following injection and lasts 30 to 60 minutes. 9. There is very little risk of habitu­ ation when meperidine is administered by dentist and in above doses. 10. An escort is desirable but not es­ sential if aforementioned precautions are observed. 11. Co-medication controls apprehen­ sion as well as pain. 12. Co-medication in operative den­ tistry merits further clinical study.
The Short‐ and Long‐Term Side Effects of Carbon Dioxide Laser Resurfacing

background Carton dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing has become a very popular method of rhytide and scar removal in the recent past. Preliminary studies have been published describing the method, histology, and clinical results of CO2 laser resurfacing. However, none of these studies has dealt with long‐term follow‐up results. objective To review all side effects resulting from CO2 laser resurfacing with regard to both short‐ and long‐term effects. method Retrospective analysis of 104 patients who have undergone CO2 laser resurfacing for either facial rhytides and/or scarring with follow‐up periods of 4‐23 months (average, 8.2 months). results The incidence of side effects are generally very low for CO2 laser resurfacing, including scarring, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, and infection. However, there is a significant and previously unreported risk of hypopigmentation in an area of the population who often seek improvement in the appearance. conclusions CO2 laser resurfacing of facial rhytides and acne scars can be a very safe procedure by an experienced laser operator. However, careful patient selection, thorough patient instruction, and proper aesthetic analysis of treatment sites must be followed to insure the most favorable outcomes with CO2 laser resurfacing.
Les mousses et lichens des dunes grises atlantiques : Caractéristiques structurales, Dynamique et Typologie fonctionnelle des communautés.

Les ecosystemes de dunes littorales offrent des opportunites pour l'etude des successions vegetales et des processus de colonisation. Le littoral dunaire atlantique francais se developpe sur environ 500 kilometres du nord au sud. La vegetation de dune grise est presente sur la partie de dune fixee, sous la forme de pelouse rase a plantes xerotolerantes. Un observatoire des mousses et des lichens sur neuf dunes non boisees du littoral atlantique de la France a ete mis en place afin d'identifier les patrons de distribution des especes de mousses et lichens en fonction des dynamiques du milieu. L'analyse des patrons de distribution de la vegetation sur la zone d'etude, le long d'un transect allant de la plage a la frange forestiere, montre que les mousses et lichens se distribuent en cinq communautes a strategies de vie identifiables par leurs traits biologiques ainsi que leur relation significative avec certains parametres pedologiques. La position de chaque groupe dans certaines parties de dunes traduit des modifications dans la composition chimique de la couche superficielle du substrat par la mise en evidence des gradients trophique, d'acidification et de decalcification de la plage a la dune boisee. L'approche diachronique par le suivi des communautes de mousses et de lichens, ainsi que les relations entre les analyses de sol et les especes et certains traits communs de reponse des especes aux perturbations, suggerent que la structure des communautes et les mecanismes participant a la fixation du milieu sont relies aux conditions abiotiques du milieu qui varient en fonction du temps, aux strategies de vie des especes et aux perturbations. Les differentes communautes mises en evidence refletent trois etats de stabilite. L'analyse des interactions biotiques au sein des communautes confirme que les lichens prennent une part importante dans les processus de maturation de l'ecosysteme. De part leur zonation spatiale precise, leurs organisations et leurs roles eventuels dans l'ecosysteme, les communautes bryolicheniques terricoles peuvent etre considerees comme ayant un role cle de voute dans le fonctionnement des dunes grises. Les communautes bryolicheniques terricoles permettent de preciser une typologie des dunes littorales et d'evaluer leurs etats dynamiques. Les resultats obtenus peuvent contribuer a obtenir un diagnostic ecologique sur les dunes. Ils rendent possible des decisions de gestion du milieu et confirment l'interet du role indicateur des mousses et lichens pour le gestionnaire.
Emergency physician recognition of adverse drug-related events in elder patients presenting to an emergency department.

OBJECTIVES The authors examined the ability of emergency physicians (EPs) to recognize adverse drug-related events (ADREs) in elder patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). METHODS This was a prospective observational study of patients at least 65 years of age who presented to the ED. ADREs were identified using a validated, standardized scoring system. EP recognition of ADREs was assessed through physician interview and subsequent chart review. RESULTS A total of 161 patients were enrolled in the study. Thirty-seven ADREs were identified, which occurred in 26 patients (16.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.5% to 22.0%). The treating EPs recognized 51.2% (95% CI = 35.2% to 67.4%) of all ADREs. There was better recognition of those ADREs related to the patient's chief complaint (91%; 95% CI = 74.1% to 100%) as compared with recognition of ADREs that were not associated with the chief complaint (32.1%; 95% CI = 14.8% to 49%). EPs recognized six of seven severe ADREs (85.7%), 13 of 23 moderate ADREs (56.5%; 95% CI = 36.8% to 77%), and none of the mild ADREs. Recognition of ADREs varied with medication class. CONCLUSIONS EP performance was superior at identifying severe ADREs relating to the patients' chief complaints. However, EP performance was suboptimal with respect to identifying ADREs of lower severity, having missed a significant number of ADREs of moderate severity as well as ones unrelated to the patients' chief complaints. ADRE detection methods need to be developed for the ED to aid EPs in detecting those ADREs that are most likely to be missed.
Kainic acid-mediated upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 promotes retinal degeneration.

PURPOSE Excitotoxicity has been proposed to play a pivotal role in retinal damage, but the mechanisms that underlie retinal damage are not clearly understood. In this study, the role of matrix metalloproteinases in excitotoxin-mediated retinal damage was investigated. METHODS KA, CNQX (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3,-dione), NBQX (2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline), MK801, or PBS was injected into the vitreous of CD-1 mice. MMP expression in the retina was analyzed by zymography, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were retrogradely labeled with aminostilbamidine methanesulfonate (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR), and loss of fluorescently labeled RGCs in retinal flatmounts was quantified. Apoptotic cell death was assessed by TUNEL staining. Astrocyte activation was determined by immunohistochemistry, and laminin decrease was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Intravitreal injection of KA caused time- and dose-related MMP-9 upregulation in the retina. Increased MMP-9 activity and protein levels were associated with activation of astrocytes. Astrocyte-associated MMP-9 correlated with a decrease in laminin immunoreactivity in the ganglion cell layer and significant loss of retinal ganglion cells. KA-mediated upregulation of MMP-9 activity was associated with apoptosis of cells in the ganglion cell layer as early as 6 hours after injection, followed by apoptosis in cells in the inner nuclear layer by day 1. Intravitreal injection of the non-NMDA receptor antagonists, CNQX and NBQX decreased KA-induced MMP-9 activity and protein levels in the retina and attenuated retinal degeneration, whereas the NMDA receptor antagonist MK801 failed to offer protection. Further, a synthetic MMP inhibitor GM6001 decreased KA-mediated MMP-9 activity and offered significant protection against ganglion cell loss in the retina. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that KA-mediated upregulation of MMP-9 activity promotes retinal degeneration and suggest that inhibition of KA-mediated MMP activity may offer protection against excitotoxin-induced retinal damage.
The Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire: does language make a difference?

Synopsis The English and Chinese versions of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were administered to a sample of 72 bilingual respondents for the evaluation of version equivalence by a series of item analyses, reliability analyses and factor analyses. Although certain notable discrepancies were observed at the item level, the two versions were found to be comparable at the scale level. In addition, cogent evidence was provided for the relative robustness of the symptom dimensions as assessed by the two versions of the GHQ.
A simple but effective ESD robustness improvement for NMOS transistors used in I/O pads

This paper presents a simple but effective way to improve an NMOS transistor's ESD robustness for use in I/O pads. Simulation and physical failure analysis has been performed to identify the source of the ESD failure. Process splits have been performed primarily at LDD (Lightly Doped Drain) implant and salicidation process based on data presented in this paper. Both TLP (Transmission Line Pulse) measurements and HBM (Human Body Model) ESD tests are performed to assess the weakest area of NMOS regarding ESD robustness. Finally this NMOS ESD robustness is doubled by changing only one mask (without introducing any process or design change). The change offers potential for all NMOS transistors used in the same configuration of ESD protection circuits.