Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pecking Order Theory

Investation the company do for expantion or top up the gain make the assets and anticipation company needed in the future. This research aimed to determine to what extent of profitability, liquidity, and company’s growth affect capital structure of public companies in Indonesia and to determine the most dominant variabel affecting capital structure of public companies in Indonesia. The research used statistic test. The sample consisted of 173 companies selected using disproportionate stratified random sampling. The data were analyzed using regression analysis with SPSS 23. The results of the research indicate that (1) profitability affects capital structure, (2) liquidity affects capital structure, (3) company's growth does not affects capital structure. Keywords— pecking order theory, profitability, liquidity,
Weak form market efficiency test of Bangladesh Stock Exchange: an empirical evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange

Investors need to have an idea about stock market before making investment whether the stock markets are efficient or not to take investment decision in stock market. For that reason, measurement of market efficiency of stock market bears significance to investors. Bearing it in mind, the study is undertaken to find out the existence of weak form efficiency prevails in largest stock market of Bangladesh. In order to get perfect result Parametric and Non Parametric tests were conducted of DSE & CSE for 2013 to 2017. It was found from all tests that Dhaka and Chittagong Stock exchange are not weak form efficient. Therefore, the result of the study will act as a helping hand to researchers to find out the reason of Bangladesh stock market not being weak form efficient as well as providing measurement to make the stock market weak form efficient.
Use of a Magnetic Bone Nail for Lengthening of the Femur and Tibia

Purpose To report our experience with the PRECICE nail for limb lengthening in 23 patients. Methods Records of 15 female and 8 male patients aged 14 to 38 (mean, 23.6) years who underwent lengthening of the tibia (n=6) or femur (n=21) using the PRECICE nail were reviewed. The reasons for lengthening included trauma (n=7), hemihypertrophy (n=2), focal femoral deficiency (n=2), Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (n=1), hip septic arthritis sequelae (n=1), hereditary multiple exostosis (n=1), club foot sequela (n=1), congenital tibial pseudoarthrosis (n=1), fibrous dysplasia (n=1), idiopathic limb length discrepancy (n=7), and cosmetic (n=1). Results The mean follow-up duration was 20.72 months. The mean lengthening was 48.20 mm, and the mean acute angular correction was 15.5°. The mean time to full weight-bearing was 5.15 months, and the mean consolidation index was 1.12 months/cm. The mean maturation index was 0.78 months/cm. One patient had nail breakage during the consolidation phase. The nail was replaced by an intramedullary nail until consolidation, after which another PRECICE nail was used to treat the residual shortening. Eight patients had over-lengthening and the nails were driven back to the desired length. No patient had infection. Conclusion The PRECICE nail is a viable option for lengthening of the femur and tibia.
Malignant Fat-Forming Solitary Fibrous Tumor (so-called “Lipomatous Hemangiopericytoma”): Clinicopathologic Analysis of 14 Cases

Fat-forming solitary fibrous tumor is a rare variant of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). Generally regarded as benign, very few fat-forming SFTs with malignant histologic features have been reported. Here, we report 14 histologically malignant fat-forming SFTs to better characterize this subset. Seven patients were female and 7 were male, with ages ranging 20 to 93 years (median, 57 y). Five tumors were located in the lower limb, 3 in the trunk, 3 in abdominopelvic locations, 2 in the head and neck region, and 1 in the upper limb. The tumor size ranged from 3.4 to 20 cm (median, 8.6 cm). Histologically, all exhibited at least focal hypercellularity; 12 tumors had mitoses >4/10 high-power fields (range, 2 to 37; median, 8), 12 showed at least moderate atypia, and 8 showed necrosis. It should be noted that 7 tumors contained only mature adipose tissue, whereas 5 contained multivacuolated lipoblasts and 2 had areas resembling atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT). Immunohistochemically, CD34 and CD99 were positive in most cases (11 of 14 and 8 of 10, respectively); MDM2 and CDK4 were both negative in all 4 cases tested (including both tumors with ALT-like areas). Follow-up data from 10 cases (median duration, 47.5 mo; range, 5 to 76) showed 2 patients with multiple metastases (both to lung and bones, and 1 each to breast and to soft tissue), both of whom died of disease. In conclusion, fat-forming SFTs exhibiting malignant histologic features have potential for aggressive behavior. The presence of lipoblasts and/or ALT-like areas, although described in some “benign” examples of fat-forming SFT, seems much more common in the malignant subset and may prompt a careful search for morphologic evidence of malignancy in any case of fat-forming SFT.
Enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of human intrabony osseous defects.

BACKGROUND There is limited information available from clinical trials regarding the performance of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, split-mouth study was designed to compare the clinical and radiographical effects of EMD treatment to that of placebo-controlled treatment for intrabony defects. METHODS Sixteen patients were included, each of whom had 1 or 2 pairs of intrabony defects located contralaterally in the same arch. Thirty-six intrabony defects were randomly assigned treatment with flap surgery plus EMD or flap surgery plus placebo. At baseline and at the 12-month follow-up evaluation visit, clinical and radiographic measurements were determined. Data were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon-signed rank test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS At the 12-month visit, bleeding on probing for the EMD group was 0.11 +/- 0.32 compared to the placebo group, 0.61 +/- 0.50 (P <0.05). Probing depth reduction was greater in the EMD group (3.00 +/- 0.97 mm) compared to the placebo group (2.22 +/- 0.81 mm) (P <0.05). Mean values for clinical attachment gain in the EMD and the placebo groups were 1.72 +/- 1.07 mm and 0.83 +/- 0.86 mm, respectively (P <0.05). Vertical relative attachment gain was 38.5 +/- 22.6% in the EMD group and 21.4 +/- 25.2% in the placebo group (P<0.05). Radiographic bone density gain was greater in the EMD (20.2 +/- 16.6%) compared to the placebo group (-3.94 +/- 23.3%) (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with flap surgery and EMD, compared to flap surgery with placebo, produced a significantly more favorable clinical improvement in intrabony periodontal defects.
Robust tracking control of optical disk recording system based on ZPET control and sudden disturbance observer

In optical recording system, the tracking servo system must follow the track of optical disk against the influence of the track eccentricity and the force disturbance. In tracking servo system, the influence of the track eccentricity becomes periodic disturbance. The influence of force disturbance is sudden disturbance. This paper proposes a new robust tracking servo system for optical disk recording system with feedforward controller and sudden disturbance observer. In order to suppress the periodic disturbance, this paper designs the feedforward control system with prediction of tracking error. For suppressing the sudden disturbance, this paper proposes the sudden disturbance observer by using the predictive tracking error. The experimental results point out that the proposed tracking servo system has a precise tracking response against both periodic disturbance and sudden disturbance.
Astrocytes Negatively Regulate Neurogenesis Through the Jagged1‐Mediated Notch Pathway

Adult neurogenesis is regulated by a number of cellular players within the neurogenic niche. Astrocytes participate actively in brain development, regulation of the mature central nervous system (CNS), and brain plasticity. They are important regulators of the local environment in adult neurogenic niches through the secretion of diffusible morphogenic factors, such as Wnts. Astrocytes control the neurogenic niche also through membrane‐associated factors, however, the identity of these factors and the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. In this study, we sought to determine the mechanisms underlying our earlier finding of increased neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells when cocultured with astrocytes lacking glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (GFAP−/−Vim−/−). We used primary astrocyte and neurosphere cocultures to demonstrate that astrocytes inhibit neuronal differentiation through a cell–cell contact. GFAP−/−Vim−/− astrocytes showed reduced endocytosis of Notch ligand Jagged1, reduced Notch signaling, and increased neuronal differentiation of neurosphere cultures. This effect of GFAP−/−Vim−/− astrocytes was abrogated in the presence of immobilized Jagged1 in a manner dependent on the activity of γ‐secretase. Finally, we used GFAP−/−Vim−/− mice to show that in the absence of GFAP and vimentin, hippocampal neurogenesis under basal conditions as well as after injury is increased. We conclude that astrocytes negatively regulate neurogenesis through the Notch pathway, and endocytosis of Notch ligand Jagged1 in astrocytes and Notch signaling from astrocytes to neural stem/progenitor cells depends on the intermediate filament proteins GFAP and vimentin. STEM Cells2012;30:2320–2329
Modeling and simulation of bin-bin correlations in GNSS-R waveforms

Reflected signals from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS-R) can be used as a source of illumination for bistatic radar remote sensing of the ocean surface. When cross-correlated with a replica of the transmitted signal, the resulting waveform will have a shape dependent upon the slope distribution of the random rough surface. Substantial data from airborne experiments with GPS exist and have been used to demonstrate the feasibility of GPS reflectometry for ocean remote sensing. The available data from satellite receivers, or any experiments using signals with other modulations, such as Galileo, however, is much scarcer. In order to predict the performance of future spaceborne GNSS-R experiments, and to evaluate the utility of including BOC-modulated signals from Galileo and the modernized GPS in reflectometry measurements, a capability for generating synthetic GNSS-R waveforms has been under development. Individual waveforms are produced by cross-correlating a short block of reflected signal with a model signal over many delay-Doppler bins. As the receiver moves relative to the scattering surface, this cross-correlation is repeated in time, over subsequent blocks of reflected data. Noisy waveforms are thus correlated in time. Samples of the waveform at a given instant in time are also correlated with other samples at same time, but computed at different delays. A realistic simulator, producing synthetic data which accurately represents the statistics of observed signals, must properly account for these correlations. In this presentation, a model for the second effect, the correlation between waveform samples at different delays (or between ”bins”) is modeled and implemented into a simulator.
Alteration of gastric myoelectrical and autonomic activities with audio stimulation in healthy humans

Objective Cold or emotional stress was reported to affect gastric myoelectrical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of music or noise on gastric myoelectrical activity and autonomic function in healthy volunteers. Material and methods The study was performed in 10 fasted healthy volunteers and included 30 min at baseline, 30 min of classical music via headphones and 30 min of loud household noises via headphones. The electrogastrogram (EGG) readings were recorded simultaneously with the electrocardiogram (ECG) recording. Results Both classical music and noise altered the regularity of gastric slow waves. The percentage of normal 2–4 cycles/min (cpm) waves was reduced from 77.9±4.7% at baseline to 66.9±5.4% during music (p<0.006) and 67.7±5.4% during noise (p<0.05). The reduction was attributed to a significant increase in bradygastria (15.8±3.9% versus 9.8±2.6%, p<0.04) with the music and a significant increase in arrhythmia (7.4±1.6% versus 2.0±1.1%, p<0.02) with the noise. The dominant frequency and power of the EGG were, however, not altered with either music or noise. Neither music nor noise had any effect on the autonomic function assessed by the heart rate variability. Conclusions Audio stimulation, with both music and noise, alters the rhythmicity of gastric slow waves. Classical music seems to increase bradygastria, whereas, household noise may increase arrhythmia. The effect of audio stimulation on the gastric slow wave does not seem to involve sympathetic or vagal efferent pathways assessed by the spectral analysis of heart rate variability.
The Effect of Energy Consumption on Economic Growth in Jordan

This study examined the effect of energy consumption represented by electric and oil energy on economic growth in Jordan for the period of time (1992-2016). The study used the multiple linear regression model to test the hypothesis of the study. The study concluded that the energy consumption in general has a statistically significant effect on economic growth in Jordan, and the study found that the consumption of electric power has a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth in Jordan, i.e., the increase in consumption of electric power by 1% leads to an increase in economic growth by 1.870686% . The results also showed that oil consumption has a positive and statistically significant impact on the economic growth in Jordan, where the increase of 1% of oil consumption leads to an increase in economic growth by 1.969848%. The study reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which is increasing interest in the energy sector by investing in it and using the best technologies to maintain the positive energy effect on economic growth and work to improve it.
The effect of leg band symmetry on female–male association in zebra finches

Studies have shown that female zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, prefer to associate with males wearing symmetric leg band combinations. In this study, I used a four-choice chamber apparatus to investigate this preference, and to determine whether it is influenced by band coloration. I created band combinations by banding males with four leg bands. The symmetrical combinations consisted of two bands on each leg; the asymmetrical combinations consisted of three bands on one leg and one band on the other leg. For each of the symmetry treatments, all four bands were either light green or red. Females did not spend significantly more time associating with males wearing symmetrical bands or with males wearing red bands. The duration of male-female associations was not influenced by an interaction between symmetry category and band colour treatment. None of 10 females spent the most time with males with red symmetrical bands.Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Alveolar Macrophages Bind and Phagocytose Allergen- Containing Pollen Starch Granules Via C-Type Lectin and Integrin Receptors: Implications for Airway Inflammatory Disease1

Recent studies suggest that IgE-independent mechanisms of airway inflammation contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of allergic airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Such mechanisms may involve direct interactions between inhaled allergens and cells of the respiratory tract such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated receptor-mediated interactions occurring between alveolar macrophages and allergen-containing pollen starch granules (PSG). We report here that PSG are released from a range of grass species and are rapidly bound and phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells also bound PSG but no internalization was observed. Phagocytosis of PSG was dependent on Mg2+ and Ca2+ and was inhibited by neo-glycoproteins such as galactose-BSA and N-acetylgalactose-BSA. Partial inhibition of phagocytosis was also seen with the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) motif and with an anti-CD18 mAb (OX42). The combination of both neo-glycoprotein and anti-CD18 achieved the greatest degree of inhibition (>90%). Together, these data suggest a role for both C-type lectins and β2-integrins in the binding and internalization of PSG. The consequences of this interaction included a rapid up-regulation of inducible NO synthase mRNA and subsequent release of NO by alveolar macrophages. Thus, receptor-mediated recognition of inhaled allergenic particles by alveolar macrophages may represent a potential mechanism for modulating the inflammatory response associated with allergic airway diseases such as asthma.
Effect of a second-generation alpha2delta ligand (pregabalin) on visceral sensation in hypersensitive patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND Visceral hypersensitivity is an important pathophysiological factor in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Pre-clinical studies suggest that the alpha(2)delta ligand pregabalin reduces both visceral allodynia and hyperalgesia, but is inactive on basal sensitivity. AIM To assess the effect of pregabalin on the perception of rectal distension in hypersensitive IBS patients. METHODS Twenty-six patients with Rome-II-defined IBS (aged 18-46 years, 7 male) were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in which they received either 3 weeks oral pregabalin (titrated: 50 mg tid days 1-3, 100 mg tid days 4-7, 150 mg tid days 8-11; fixed 200 mg tid days 12-21 +/-4) or placebo control. Rectal sensitivity was assessed using a barostat technique, in which sensory thresholds were determined using the ascending method of limits, followed by tracking both before and after treatment. Only patients with a pain threshold of <or=28 mmHg were included in the study. RESULTS Pregabalin significantly increased the sensory thresholds from baseline for first sensation (p = 0.045), desire to defecate (p = 0.008) and pain (p = 0.048) compared with placebo control. In addition, pregabalin significantly increased rectal compliance (p<0.0001), although this appeared to be unrelated to the changes in sensitivity. Despite the occurrence of mild dizziness and somnolence, pregabalin was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Pregabalin increased distension sensory thresholds to normal levels in IBS patients with rectal hypersensitivity. A concomitant increase in rectal compliance appeared to be unrelated to the reduction in sensitivity. These data suggest that alpha(2)delta ligands are worthy of further investigation in the treatment of visceral pain disorders, including IBS.
Enhanced Charge Collection by Single Ion Strike in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

Transient currents in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) induced by focused ion beams are measured. Enhanced charge collection occurs in the on- and pinch-off states of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The first-order mechanism of enhancement is associated with bipolar and back-channel effects. In addition, we suggest that the temporal positive charge buildup contributes to the enhanced charge collection. The effect of displacement damage on the enhanced charge collection is also discussed.
The Efficacy of Heat and Chlorine Treatment against Thermotolerant Acanthamoebae and Legionellae

Free-living amoebae and Acanthamoebae are known to harbour a range of opportunistic microbial pathogens such as Legionellae, sequestering them from antimicrobial agents as well as environmental stresses. Less is known however of the interaction between the thermotolerant free-living amoebae and Legionellae. In the current study, such phenomena were investigated between an environmental and clinical thermotolerant Acanthamoebae isolate and 6 Legionellae; L. anisa, L. birminghamiensis, L. bozemanii, L. dumoffii, L. erythra and L. pneumophila. All Legionellae could be located within either Acanthamoeba isolate, with L. erythra, and L. pneumophila found located within vacuoles. At concentrations exceeding 2 mg/l, free chlorine was a better disinfectant than combined chlorine against Acanthamoebae-bound Legionellae, though thermal treatment was the most effective of the treatment types investigated. While the interaction with free-living Acanthamoebae increased the resistance of Legionellae to thermal treatment, it increased the sensitivity of Legionellae to free and combined chlorine. Interaction with biofilms did not affect the sensitivity of sessile and intracellular Legionellae to disinfection, caused in part by the thin coverage of biofilm on coupon surfaces. Acanthamoebae cysts remained viable after treatment with 100 mg/l chlorine (free and combined) for 10 min, as well as 80°C, implying that conventional hyper-disinfection may be insufficient for long-term control of Acanthamoebae-bound Legionellae in water distribution systems.
Structural Characterization of Human Vimentin Rod 1 and the Sequencing of Assembly Steps in Intermediate Filament Formation in Vitro Using Site-directed Spin Labeling and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance*

We have previously established the utility of site-directed spin labeling and electron paramagnetic resonance to determine structural relationships among proteins in intact intermediate filaments. Using this same approach we have introduced spin labels at 21 residues between amino acids 169 and 193 in rod domain 1 of human vimentin. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra provide direct evidence for the coiled coil nature of the vimentin dimer in this region. This finding is consistent with predictions but has never been demonstrated previously. In a previous study we identified residue 348 in the rod domain 2 as one point of overlap between adjacent dimers in intact filaments. In the present study we defined residue 191 in the rod domain 1 as a second point of overlap and established that the dimers are arranged in an anti-parallel and staggered orientation at this site. Finally, by isolating spin-labeled samples at successive stages during the dialysis that lead to filament assembly in vitro, we have been able to establish a sequence of interactions that occurs during in vitro assembly, starting with the α helix and loose coiled coil dimer formation, then the formation of tetrameric species centered on residue 191, followed by interactions centered on residue 348 suggestive of octamer or higher order multimer formation. A continuation of this strategy revealed that both 191–191 and 348–348 interactions are present in low ionic strength Tris buffers when vimentin is maintained at the “protofilament” stage of assembly.