Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activity of Acetic Acid on Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis Spores after Sublethal Heat Pretreatments

This work has been led in view to find the influence of sublethal heat (45°C, 50°C, 60°C) on acid resistance of B. subtilis NCTC 3610 and B. stearothermophilus CNCH 5781 spores. Firstly, we have submitted Bacillus spores to 0.4% acetic acid pH 4.5 during the times of 1, 2 and 3 hours. Then another spores group were preheated at various sublethal temperatures, before be treated with acetic acid. The effect of acetic acid before and after preheat was evaluated by the culture of treated spores on agar medium and the number of colony obtained was compared with that of control culture (neither treated with heat nor acid) and control A culture (only treated with acid). We found that acetic acid was effective on the twice Bacillus spores with more effect on B. stearothermophilus CNCH 5781 spores. Furthermore we have noticed a significant increasing in percentages of recovery of colonies obtained from preheated and acid treated spores compared to those of control and control A cultures. This increase of recovery percentages could be demonstrated the manifestation of a "heat-induced acid resistance" phenomenon. Yet, this phenomenon was more accentuated for preheatings at 50 and 60°C during 3 and 2 hours, respectively for B. subtilis and B. stearothermophilus spores. This study suggest that sublethal heats could be play major role in protection of microorganisms to chemicals
BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS WITH A NON-MAXWELLIAN DISTRIBUTION

The abundances of light elements based on the big bang nucleosynthesis model are calculated using the Tsallis non-extensive statistics. The impact of the variation of the non-extensive parameter q from the unity value is compared to observations and to the abundance yields from the standard big bang model. We find large differences between the reaction rates and the abundance of light elements calculated with the extensive and the non-extensive statistics. We found that the observations are consistent with a non-extensive parameter , indicating that a large deviation from the Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics (q = 1) is highly unlikely.
Internet Difussion in Muslim Community: A Case Study Among Sub-Urban Malays in Malaysia

This paper presents a study on the adoption and usage ofinternet by Malay Muslims living in a sub-urban area as an attempt to answer the following questions: what is the situation of ICT implementation in Malaysia, what is the nature and purpose ofusage ofthe Internet by the Malay Muslims that warrant them a place as active users of ICT. This study used survey research method to obtain data from the Malay population in Kota Bharu. This study used purposive sampling focusing on the respondents who are already using the Internet. The data were analysed using SPSS 12.0 and the analysis was descriptive. It is found that newspaper has been the main source ofinformation. This is followed by Internet. Email is the main purpose of using the Internet, and this is followed closely by reading newspaper and searching for information. Job related usage is the third main purpose of usage, and about half use the Internet for social communication. This study has lent support to the diffusion of in novation theory. From the study it is obvious the Malays are ready and quick in adopting new technology in this case ICT, into their lifestyle. Keywords : Internet usage, Internet diffusion, Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC), High Speed Broadband (HSBB), Muslims and technology.
Influence of humic acid addition to drinking water on laying performance and egg quality in Japanese quails

The experiment was performed to investigate the effect of humic acid to drinking water on the laying performance and quality of eggs in Japanese quails. Hundred and forty, 9-weeks old female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japanica) were randomly designated to four treatment groups forming 5 replicates each containing seven birds. Group I was the control group. Group II, III, IV were administered 250 ml/ton, 350 ml/ton, 450 ml/ton humic acid into drinking water, respectively. The egg characteristics were determined after 8th and 10th weeks of experiment. Addition of humic acid had a positive effect on the live weight change (p < 0.05) and yolk weight (p < 0.01). Egg shell thickness, albumen weight and yolk color were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in the experimental groups than that of control group. However humic acid had no effect on egg production, feed consumption, feed efficiency and other egg quality.In conclusion, data of our study demonstrated that liquid humate applied in drinking water has significantly improved live weight change and yolk weight. The positive effects of liquid humates, possibly related to improved nutrient utilization through various metabolic activities in the body are yet to be further investigated.
Evaluating the post-intranet usage: Empirical study in Malaysian port industry

This paper examines the impact of user satisfaction with Intranet on perceived usefulness, perceived user resistance, and its influence on post-usage, user resistance, and performance of managers in an organisational context. Cross-sectional data was collected from 357 managers involved in the port industry in Malaysia using a set of self-reporting questionnaire. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) results indicate that user satisfaction is a predicator of managers’ performance, and not a predictor of perceived usefulness and perceived user resistance. Perceived user resistance also does not predict user resistance. However, perceived usefulness is a predictor of Intranet usage. Both user resistance and Intranet usage are predictors of port managers’ performance. The study focuses only on a few port organisations in Malaysia and concentrates only on managers. The results provide insights on how port and possibly other organisations of similar structures could improve upon their Intranet adoption for improved performance. This study is perhaps one of the first to investigate Intranet adoption in a comprehensive manner, taking into account a myriad of variables of interest.
Home Exercise Therapy For The Treatment Of Knee Osteoarthritis

iv List of Tables . vi Chapter 1: Introduction and Background . 1 Chapter 2: Home Exercise Therapy for the Treatment of Osteoarthritic Knee Pain . 20 Chapter 3: Conclusion. 36 References . 38 Appendix A: Knee Conditioning Program . 42 Appendix B: Pain Visual Analog Scale . 48
BSE Disease Outbreaks, Structural Change and Market Power in the Canadian Beef Industry

This study examines farm to wholesale prices spreads to measure the impact of the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) disease outbreak on the Canadian beef industry. The study uses structure break tests developed by Gregory and Hansen (1996) and Hansen (1992) examine possible breaks within cointegrating relationships. The study finds evidence that the industry began a realignment as a result of the UK BSE disease outbreak, and the Canadian BSE disease outbreak was simply the largest realignment of the process beginning with the UK disease outbreak. However, the only statistically significant break was the BSE disease outbreak itself in May 2003. Stability was not restored until the border was reopened in 2005. Specific results indicated that the processing sector exploited the border closure in May 2003 to enhance its market power and that the system returned to a competitive one after the border re-opened in July 2005.
Alkanols for the Extraction of Vanadium (V) From Hydrochloric Acid Solutions

Extractive recovery of vanadium (V) from hydrochloric acid solutions using alkanols (1-butanol and 1-octanol) dissolved in n-heptane has been investigated by liquid-liquid extraction, propelled by the need to proffering alternatives to the scarce and relatively costly organophosphorous extractants. At the studied pH range (1.0-4.0), with 1- butanol as extractant, the percentage V(V) extraction (extraction efficiency, E%) reached optimum (E% = 63.3) at pH of 0.5, and for 1-octanol, optimum E% was 73.3 at pH 1.0. Increasing concentration of HCl at the studied range (1.0–6.0 mol L -1 ) was found to have an appreciable effect on percentage V(V) extraction. With both extractants, E% peaked at 6.0 mol L -1 HCl with values 86.7 and 70.0% for 1-butanol and 1-octanol, respectively. With increase in the concentration of extractants, both extractants produced a trend of increase/decrease in E% for V(V), suggesting the extraction of two different species. The optimal percentage extraction values were 76.7 and 96.7% observed at log[1-butanol] = 0.81 mol L -1 and log[1-octanol] = 0.49 mol L -1 , in that order. The determined enthalpy change, ? H, for 1-butanol and 1-octanol systems were -19.9kJ mol -1 and -37.1 kJ mol -1 , respectively, indicating exothermic extraction processes. On the number of required extraction stages, 1-octanol gave a higher extraction efficiency after three consecutive extractions (E% = 99.3) than 1-butanol (E% = 88.6). Recycling experiment showed 1-octanol as more recyclable than 1-butanol (Recycling coefficient R.C. = 1.0 for 1-octanol while R.C. > n) at low and high concentrations of extractant, respectively. On the whole, 1-octanol could be adjudged a better extractant for vanadium (V) under the prevailing experimental conditions.
Measuring cultural differences between religions using network data. An example based on nineteenth-century Dutch marriage certificates

La place particuliere des Juifs dans la transition demographique a ete partiellement expliquee par la composition, la structure et le fonctionnement specifiques de leurs reseaux, notamment leur ample ouverture geographique et une forte centration sur la parente. Dans cet article, nous posons les bases d’une comparaison des caracteristiques des reseaux de chaque confession religieuse en recourant a l’analyse des temoins de mariage issus d’un echantillon de 3 729 mariages civils celebres a La Haye (Pays-Bas) entre 1859 et 1902. Les reseaux des juifs sont compares a ceux des catholiques et des protestants, tout en prenant en compte l’appartenance socio-professionnelle des conjoints. On observe parmi les conjoints juifs une implication plus forte de la famille au sein de la ceremonie de mariage, et ce quelle que soit la classe sociale. Par ailleurs, le reseau des juifs inclut des individus provenant d’un espace plus large que dans le cas des reformes et des catholiques, la encore a niveau social equivalent. Nous tentons de voir si ces resultats sont vraiment en mesure de traduire une plus forte centration familiale ou un cosmopolitisme superieur parmi les juifs, ou s’il faut convoquer d’autres explications. Sont ainsi examines les eventuels effets d’une difference religieuse dans le rapport au mariage proprement civil, de la segregation et de l’isolement de la communaute juive, de la taille restreinte du milieu juif a La Haye, de differences dans les origines des conjoints en fonction de la confession. Nous concluons cependant a la presence de fortes differences entre les groupes religieux en ce qui concerne le poids des relations a longue distance et l’importance donnee aux membres de la parente dans un moment aussi crucial de l’existence que le mariage.
Incidence of Cleft Lip, Cleft Palate, and Cleft Lip and Palate Among Races: A Review

A review of the literature pertaining to the incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate in different races is presented. The studies have been evaluated according to the method used to record the incidence rate. Half of the studies include in their base population livebirths, stillbirths, and abortions, or livebirths and stillbirths to record the incidence rate. In addition, in most of the studies, clefts with associated malformations and possible syndromes are included in the reported incidence. There is evidence, however, to suggest that the risk of developing clefts in stillbirths and abortions is three times as frequent as in livebirths and that clefts with associated malformations behave differently epidemiologically from clefts without associated malformations. It is suggested, therefore, that the incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate should be studied separately for each group, namely for livebirths, stillbirths, and abortions and should be reported separately for clefts without associated malformations, clefts with associated malformations, and syndromes. More research is needed to study the risk of developing clefts among the various groups that exhibit different epidemiologic behavior for each race.
Randomized impact evaluation of phase-II of Afghanistan's National Solidarity Program

The National Solidarity Program (NSP) is the largest development program in Afghanistan and a flagship program of the Afghan government. Since its inauguration in 2003, NSP has established 22,500 Community Development Councils (CDCs) across 361 districts in all of Afghanistan's 34 provinces and has financed over 50,000 development projects. NSP is structured around two major village-level interventions: (1) the creation of a gender-balanced Community Development Council (CDC) through a secret-ballot, universal suffrage election; and (2) the disbursement of grants, up to a village maximum of $60,000, to support the implementation of projects selected, designed, and managed by the CDC in consultation with the village community. NSP thus seeks to both improve the access of rural villagers to critical services and to create a structure for village governance centered on democratic processes and the participation of women. The impact evaluation of NSP is a multi-year randomized control trial designed to assess the effects of the program across a broad range of economic, political, and social indicators. While a number of qualitative studies of NSP have been conducted to-date, the evaluation is the first large-sample quantitative assessment capable of providing rigorous, statistically unbiased estimates of the economic, institutional, and social impacts of the program. The evaluation is structured into multiple stages in reflection of the multifaceted nature of NSP. The first stage of the evaluation, described in this report, is focused on estimating how the creation of CDCs and the selection of development projects affect political and social outcomes. Data for the first phase is drawn from surveys administered to over 15,000 individuals in 500 sample villages immediately before the introduction of NSP and again two years later. The evaluation focuses only on villages mobilized by the second phase of NSP, which commenced in 2007. The estimates represent the intermediate impacts of the program and do not necessarily reflect those that will be observed once projects are completed. Second and third follow-up surveys, planned for spring 2011 and 2013-15 respectively, will provide data for the second stage of the evaluation, which will ascertain impacts once NSP-funded projects are operational and provide an assessment of the medium-run impacts of the program.
The effects of mesoscale ocean–atmosphere coupling on the large-scale ocean circulation

Abstract Small-scale variation in wind stress due to ocean–atmosphere interaction within the atmospheric boundary layer alters the temporal and spatial scale of Ekman pumping driving the double-gyre circulation of the ocean. A high-resolution quasigeostrophic (QG) ocean model, coupled to a dynamic atmospheric mixed layer, is used to demonstrate that, despite the small spatial scale of the Ekman-pumping anomalies, this phenomenon significantly modifies the large-scale ocean circulation. The primary effect is to decrease the strength of the nonlinear component of the gyre circulation by approximately 30%–40%. This result is due to the highest transient Ekman-pumping anomalies destabilizing the flow in a dynamically sensitive region close to the western boundary current separation. The instability of the jet produces a flux of potential vorticity between the two gyres that acts to weaken both gyres.
Effect of Denture Adhesives in New Complete Dentures During a Function

Denture adhesives are often a matter of controversy. Patients seem to easily accept the use of denture adhesives, while professionals are more hesitant.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the self-perception, bite force and masticatory efficiency of complete denture wearers with denture adhesives.Fifteen complete denture wearers had their bite force measured by a gnathodynamometer in the molar region. Subjects also masticated 12 tablets of a chewable artificial test material for 35 masticatory cycles. The test material was washed, dried, sieved and weighed. Both tests were taken with and without the denture adhesive (Corega Ultra). The questionnaire Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was applied to evaluate self-perception with dentures.Masticatory efficiency and bite force for the control group (without denture adhesive) and for the group with denture adhesive presented no statistically significant differences (p= 0.2080 andp= 0.2489, respectively). Self-perception according to the GOHAI index was great for 13% of participants, 40% considered it regular and 47% evaluated it as bad. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the use of denture adhesive did not promote an improvement in bite force and masticatory efficiency. According to the GOHAI index, self-perception of the participants was classified as bad.
Immediate and Delayed Emotional Consequences of Indulgence: The Moderating Influence of Personality Type on Mixed Emotions

The majority of literature looking at self-control dilemmas has focused on short-term positive and long-term negative affective outcomes arising from indulgence. In two studies, we find evidence for more complex emotional responses after indulgent consumption. We show that consumers feel simultaneous mixtures of both positive and negative emotions in response to indulgences and that the specific components of those emotional mixtures vary depending on differences in individual impulsivity. Further, these mixtures are resolved differently over time, leading to differences in subsequent choices. In addition we show that more prudent consumers are likely to seize an opportunity to get rid of, or "launder," their negative emotions after an indulgence by subsequently making utilitarian versus hedonic choices.
Curves of equiharmonic solutions and ranges of nonlinear equations

We consider the semilinear Dirichlet problem ∆u+ kg(u) = μ1φ1 + . + μnφn + e(x) for x ∈ U, u = 0 on ∂U, where φk is the k-th eigenfunction of the Laplacian on U and e(x) ⊥ φk, k = 1, . , n. We write the solution in the form u(x) = Pn i=1 ξiφi + Uξ(x), with Uξ ⊥ φk, k = 1, . , n. Starting with k = 0, when the problem is linear, we continue the solution in k by keeping ξ = (ξ1, . . . , ξn) fixed, but allowing μ = (μ1, . . . , μn) to vary. We then study the map ξ → μ, which provides existence and multiplicity results for the above problem.
A simple equilibrium model for a commodity market with spot trades and futures contracts

We propose a simple equilibrium model, where the physical and the derivative markets of the commodity interact. There are three types of agents: industrial pro- cessors, inventory holders and speculators. Only the two first of them operate in the physical market. All of them, however, may initiate a position in the paper market, for hedging and/or speculation purposes. We give the necessary and sufficient con- ditions on the fundamentals of this economy for a rational expectations equilibrium to exist and we show that it is unique. This is the first contribution of the paper. Our model exhibits a surprising variety of behaviours at equilibrium, and our second contribution is that the paper offers a unique generalized framework for the analysis of price relationships. The model indeed allows for the generalization of hedging pressure theory, and it shows how this theory is connected to the storage theory. Meanwhile, it allows to study simultaneously the two main economic functions of derivative markets: hedging and price discovery. In its third contribution, through the distinction between the utility of speculation and that of hedging, the model illustrates the interest of a derivatives market in terms of the welfare of the agents.
Estimating the economic costs of drug abuse in Colombia

The development of reliable estimates of the economic costs of substance abuse can help to prioritize drug issues and provide useful information to policy makers. Nevertheless, only a few developed countries have so far attempted to carry out such studies. The present paper reviews the current situation of drug abuse in a developing country widely recognized as a country struggling to overcome a problem of drug production. The data confirm the trend observed elsewhere: countries in which drugs are produced also tend to see rising levels of consumption. On the other hand, it is shown that the lack of systematic information in many areas makes it almost impossible to calculate the costs of drug abuse in countries such as Colombia. Various suggestions are made with a view to correcting some of the problems identified.
Investigating of N and K Fertilizers on Yield and Components of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Nitrogen and potassium fertilization have given variable results in increasing soybean yield. More information is needed about optimum potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) fertilizers placement for soybean. This study investigated the effect of different amounts of nitrogen and potassium on yield and its components on soybean cultivar DPX. Treatments include nitrogen (from urea) - Potash (potassium sulfate) in seven levels (N0-K0, N50-K0, N0-K20, N50-K20, N100-K50, N200-K100 and N250-K150 kg/ha) and factor inoculated and non-inoculated at two levels. Some growth parameters such as seed number, 100 seed weight, pod number, yield and harvest index were analyzed. There was significant difference between seed number and 100 seed weight. When the seeds were inoculated with bacteria, treatments N0-K0 and N250-K150 have a minimum and maximum number of seeds in these conditions, respectively. Also, the results showed that 100 seed weight in treatments inoculated with bacteria, N250-K150 most (24 g per plant) and N0-K0 minimal (14 g per plant), respectively. In the absence of inoculation with bacteria treated N0-K0 also had the lowest 100 seed weight. There was a positive correlation between number of pod per plant, yield and harvest index and N rate. Consequently the results demonstrated that increases in yields were necessarilyrelated to increase in plant N and K content and inoculated with bacteria had a marginal effect.