Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutant p53 in cancer therapy—the barrier or the path

Abstract Since wild-type p53 is central for maintaining genomic stability and preventing oncogenesis, its coding gene TP53 is highly mutated in ~50% of human cancers, and its activity is almost abrogated in the rest of cancers. Approximately 80% of p53 mutations are single point mutations with several hotspot mutations. Besides loss of function and dominant-negative effect on the wild-type p53 activity, the hotspot p53 mutants also acquire new oncogenic functions, so-called ‘gain-of-functions’ (GOF). Because the GOF of mutant p53 is highly associated with late-stage malignance and drug resistance, these p53 mutants have become hot targets for developing novel cancer therapies. In this essay, we review some recent progresses in better understanding of the role of mutant p53 GOF in chemoresistance and the underlying mechanisms, and discuss the pros and cons of targeting mutant p53 for the development of anti-cancer therapies.
Aerosol–cloud interactions in mixed-phase convective clouds – Part 2: Meteorological ensemble

Abstract. The relative contribution of variations in meteorological and aerosol initial and boundary conditions to the variability in modelled cloud properties is investigated with a high-resolution ensemble (30 members). In the investigated case, moderately deep convection develops along sea-breeze convergence zones over the southwestern peninsula of the UK. A detailed analysis of the mechanism of aerosol–cloud interactions in this case has been presented in the first part of this study (Miltenberger et al., 2018). The meteorological ensemble (10 members) varies by about a factor of 2 in boundary-layer moisture convergence, surface precipitation, and cloud fraction, while aerosol number concentrations are varied by a factor of 100 between the three considered aerosol scenarios. If ensemble members are paired according to the meteorological initial and boundary conditions, aerosol-induced changes are consistent across the ensemble. Aerosol-induced changes in CDNC (cloud droplet number concentration), cloud fraction, cell number and size, outgoing shortwave radiation (OSR), instantaneous and mean precipitation rates, and precipitation efficiency (PE) are statistically significant at the 5 % level, but changes in cloud top height or condensate gain are not. In contrast, if ensemble members are not paired according to meteorological conditions, aerosol-induced changes are statistically significant only for CDNC, cell number and size, outgoing shortwave radiation, and precipitation efficiency. The significance of aerosol-induced changes depends on the aerosol scenarios compared, i.e. an increase or decrease relative to the standard scenario. A simple statistical analysis of the results suggests that a large number of realisations (typically >100) of meteorological conditions within the uncertainty of a single day are required for retrieving robust aerosol signals in most cloud properties. Only for CDNC and shortwave radiation small samples are sufficient. While the results are strictly only valid for the investigated case, the presented evidence combined with previous studies highlights the necessity for careful consideration of intrinsic predictability, meteorological conditions, and co-variability between aerosol and meteorological conditions in observational or modelling studies on aerosol indirect effects.
Stability assessment of an airflow distorted military engine’s FAN

Military aircraft are often subjected to severe flight maneuvers with high angles of attack and angles of sideslip. These flight attitudes induce non-uniformity in flow conditions to their gas turbine engines, which may include distortion of inlet total pressure and total temperature at the aerodynamic interface plane. Operation of the downstream engine’s compression system may suffer reduced aerodynamic performance and stall margin, and increased blade stress levels. The present study presents a methodology of evaluating the effect of inlet flow distortion on the engine’s fan stability. The flow distortion examined was induced to the aerodynamic interface plane by means of changing the aircraft’s flight attitude. The study is based on the steady-state flow results from 27 different flight scenarios that have been simulated in computational fluid dynamics. As a baseline model geometry, an airframe inspired by the General Dynamics/LMAERO F-16 aircraft was chosen, which has been exposed to subsonic incoming airflow with varying direction resembling thus different aircraft flight attitudes. The results are focused on the total pressure distribution on the engine’s (aerodynamic interface plane) face and how this is manifested at the operation of the fan. Based on the results, it was concluded that the distorted conditions cause a shift of the surge line on the fan map, with the amount of shift to be directly related to the severity of these distorted conditions. The most severe flight attitude in terms of total pressure distortion, among the tested ones, caused about 7% surge margin depletion comparing to the undistorted value.
Universal ac conduction in large area atomic layers of CVD-grown MoS2

S. Ghosh,1 S. Najmaei,2 S. Kar,3 R. Vajtai,2 J. Lou,2 N. R. Pradhan,4 L. Balicas,4 P. M. Ajayan,2 and S. Talapatra1 1Department of Physics, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA 2Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA 3Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA 4National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA (Received 20 August 2013; published 19 March 2014)
A mathematics teacher's identity study through their teaching practices in a postgraduate training course

Guided by the question “Which aspects could affect mathematics teachers’ identity, especially in the context of a postgraduate course that includes teaching practices as mathematics teacher educators? ” we analyzed the transition between actual and designated mathematics teachers’ identity in a postgraduate training course. In particular, teaching practices during the course were oriented by emerging recommendations for mathematics teacher training. We concluded that the presence of an explicit intention to develop a specific practice plays a key role in the transition between actual and designated identity. In addition, the possession of methodological tools as a means for implementing renewed practices gave support and helped practitioners to plan classes promoting mathematical activity. In the process experienced by the practitioners, mentor teacher educators were clearly significant narrators because they reinforced or hinder the desire to reach the designated identity, through their coherence with practitioner’s goals or in contradiction with them respectively.
Resistance to freezing in three Eucalyptus globulus Labill subspecies

The resistance to low temperatures was assessed in seedlings of three subspecies of E. globulus (ssp globulus, ssp bicostata and ssp maidenii) of two different provenances. Lethal temperature 50 (LT50) was obtained by measuring the electrolytic conductivity, nucleation and freezing temperatures were obtained by thermal analysis and the total soluble carbohydrates concentration was determined through the phenolsulphuric method. Results showed that the most resistant provenance corresponded to Bolaro Mountain of ssp maidenii with a LT50 lower than -9oC. The provenance Moogora of ssp globulus, had a LT50 of 8.47oC, which situates it, as the second most resistant to low temperatures. According to the nucleation and freezing temperatures, the results indicate that all the provenances analyzed evaded the formation of ice, except for Bolaro Mountain of ssp maidenii which was tolerant to freezing. Finally, an inverse correlation (r = 0.89) between the content of total soluble carbohydrates and the LT50 was found, indicating the cryoprotection effect of these in the resistance to low temperatures. Eucalyptus globulus Labill ssp globulus is the second most important specie in forest plantations of Chile, after Pinus
Overweight and obesity in young adult women: A matter of health or appearance? The Tromsø study: Fit futures

With the increasing number of overweight and obese people, there is a growing public health concern and focus on body size and lifestyle issues, especially in the media. Young adult women comprise a vulnerable group regarding issues of weight balance and appearance. The aim of the study was to examine the experiences of young women on how this focus influences their attitudes concerning weight changes, appearance, and health. We conducted 12 interviews with young women from two different weight groups about the attention on overweight issues. The results from the in-depth interviews were scrutinized through content analyses. The main findings indicate that young women experience a considerable focus on overweight issues with a trend towards appearance rather than health. Overweight and obesity are sensitive topics, and participants expressed strong views on the cultural definitions of normal body size and appearance. The squeeze between cultural norms and young women's perceptions of their own body and health was described as a possible negative factor influencing well-being as well as motivation for lifestyle changes. A more relaxed focus on overweight issues and especially on appearance is necessary when addressing weight-balance issues and lifestyle changes in young adult women.
Risk Assessment Due to Terrorist Actions on Public Transportation Networks: A Case Study in Portugal

The work presented in this paper was performed in collaboration with one of the largest Public Transportation Operator in Portugal and addresses the problem of risk assessment due to terrorist actions involving explosions at different levels. First, a region of the Operator is selected. The elements in the Operator's network with the highest associated risk are highlighted for each threat using the COUNTERACT guidelines. Subsequently, from the group of elements with the highest associated risk, an element is selected for structural safety evaluation under blast loading. Through numerical analysis, different explosion scenarios are studied and the behavior of the structure is presented.
Bargaining Power in Relational Contracts: An Experimental Study

This paper provides experimental evidence of the economic impact from shifting bargaining power in relational contracts. I implement an experimental design that adjusts the bargaining power of sellers (agents) and the enforceability of the contract. I find that the vast majority of contracts take the form of efficiency wage contracts instead of contingent performance contracts when enforcement is partially incomplete and sellers have more bargaining power than buyers. The total contracted and actual compensation increase with the bargaining power of the sellers. However, sellers' profits are found to increase only if a part of the total payment is third-party enforceable. In this case, observed surplus and efficiency are lower than predictions. When no part of a contract is third-party enforceable, more cooperative relationships emerge, exhibiting higher quality provision resulting in higher surplus and efficiency while rent sharing is lower. The result is explained by the stronger buyer's deviation, confirming predictions derived in Cordero Salas (2010). The results here provide insight into the economic consequences of enacting policies that improve the bargaining conditions of weaker parties in market settings relying on self-enforcement from underdeveloped legal institutions.
Peat deformation and biogenic gas bubbles control seasonal variations in peat hydraulic conductivity

The hydraulic conductivity (K) of peat beneath the water table varies over short (annual) periods. Biogenic gas bubbles block pores and reduce K, and seasonal changes in the water table position cause peat deformation, altering peat pore size distribution. Although it has been hypothesized that both processes reduce K during warm dry summer conditions, temporal variations in K under field conditions have been explained previously by peat volume changes (strain) alone. We determine the effect of both controls on K by monitoring changes in gas content (Δγ), strain and K within a poor fen. Over the growing season, K decreased by an order of magnitude. In the near‐surface peat (0.3–0.7 m), this reduction is more strongly correlated with Δγ, providing the first field‐based evidence that biogenic gas bubbles reduce K. In the deeper peat (0.7–1.3 m), K is correlated principally with strain. However, causality is uncertain because of multicollinearity between strain and Δγ. To mitigate for multicollinearity, we took advantage of a peatland drainage experiment where the water table was artificially dropped at the beginning of the growing season, reducing correlations between strain and Δγ. Δγ remained the primary cause of K variations just beneath the water table at a depth of 0.5–0.7 m, although further down through the peat profile (0.7–1.2 m) changes in K were controlled by strain. We suggest that the larger pore structure of the poorly decomposed peat just below the water table is impacted less by volume changes than that of the more decomposed peat at depth. However, within this poorly decomposed peat, K is reduced by the high gas contents that result from higher rates of methane production. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THREE VARIETIES OF APPLE FROM ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL FARMING

The aim of this paper was to compare chemical composition, including a content of phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of three varieties of apple: Topaz’,‘Szampion’, Pinova’ from conventional and certified organic farming. There were determined dry matter, total soluble solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid in the fruit. In addition, there was determined a content of phenolic compounds by the high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC), and antioxidant activity. Separate analysed chemical determinants were influenced not only by the fruit cultivation system, but also the studied variety. The study results show that ecological fruit comprised a higher level of soluble solids, total acidity, pectins. In organic fruit ‘Topaz’ i ‘Szampion’, opposite to ‘Pinova’ cultivars, possess Higher content of bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid occurs in organic fruit ‘Topaz’ i ‘Szampion’, opposite to ‘Pinova’ cultivars. It was reflected in the antioxidant activity.
Faraday instability and subthreshold Faraday waves: surface waves emitted by walkers

A walker is a fluid entity comprising a bouncing droplet coupled to the waves that it generates at the surface of a vibrated bath. Thanks to this coupling, walkers exhibit a series of wave–particle features formerly thought to be exclusive to the quantum realm. In this paper, we derive a model of the Faraday surface waves generated by an impact upon a vertically vibrated liquid surface. We then particularise this theoretical framework to the case of forcing slightly below the Faraday instability threshold. Among others, this theory yields a rationale for the cosine dependence of the wave amplitude to the phase shift between impact and forcing, as well as the characteristic time scale and length scale of viscous damping. The theory is validated with experiments of bead impact on a vibrated bath. We finally discuss implications of these results for the analogy between walkers and quantum particles.
Liquidity Regulation and Unintended Financial Transformation in China

We trace the origins of China's rapidly developing shadow banking sector to the adoption of stricter liquidity rules by Chinese regulators in the late 2000s. Our analysis exploits cross-sectional di¤erences in the bindingness of these rules along with time variation in product characteristics. We also discuss alternative hypotheses for the rise of shadow banking in China and explain why these hypotheses cannot account for the origins of the system.
The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering

In Algeria, the seismic risk threat the large cities, and more particularly the Algiers Metropolitan City which contains a very old urban nuclei mainly made up of masonry buildings (stone and/or brick). The expertises carried out on this kind of structures showed the low resistance of this type of construction towards seismic action. The study of the seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings is thus of topicality and constitutes a fundamental stage for the reduction of the losses due to earthquakes in this city. This vulnerability can be reduced if preventive measures are taken. In this work, we will present an estimate of the vulnerability degree of Algiers masonry buildings by using the “Vulnerability Index Method”. This one will allow us to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of these buildings then to carry out their classification according to their seismic quality.
Antimicrobial and Radical

The present study was performed to screen antibacterial, antifungal and radical scavenging efficacy of leaf and flower extract of Antibacterial and antifungal activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion and poisoned food technique respectively. Radical scavenging potential was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Overall, Leaf extract and flower extract displayed stronger antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively. Leaf extract was found to scavenge DPPH radicals more effectively when compared to flower extract. In suitable form, the plant can be used against microbial infections and oxidative stress. Copyright@2015 STAR Journal
Corporate Social Responsibility, Noise, and Stock Market Volatility

Organizational signals about corporate social responsibility may have a harmful impact on equity markets for two main reasons. First, corporate social responsibility is not systematically correlated with companies' economic fundamentals. Second, opportunistic managers are incentivized to distort information provided to market participants about their firms' corporate social responsibility. Either causal force, by itself, makes it difficult for market participants to interpret information about corporate social responsibility accurately. This greater noise in financial markets typically invites more noise trading, which in turn leads to excess market volatility (among all publicly traded firms) and, in a particular context of social-institutional processes and structures, to excess market valuations of firms that are widely perceived as socially responsible.
Biosolids and Biosolid Ashes as Input for Producing Brick-like Construction Materials

Wastewater treatment plant biosolids in two states, With No Treatment (WNT) and Ashes (A), were added to ceramic paste for brick manufacturing. The elements were cooked at three different temperatures (950°, 1000° and 1050°C) and the percentages of the content Clay-Biosolid WNT and Clay-Biosolid A, were 0, 5, 10 and 15%. Bricks manufactured with 15% ashes at 950°C were found to have a resistance to compression close to 26 MPa, meeting the Colombian Technical Norm 4205 (NTC) for structural and non-structural masonry of internal use and closing or divisory walls that support their own weight. We carried out a chemical, structural and thermic characterization of the raw materials that were used (clay and biosolid). We also performed a leaching test (TCLP) to evaluate toxicity characteristics to determine the safety values for heavy metals (Cr and Zn) in the biosolid. By meeting the requirements indicated in NTC 4205, we proved that the total percentage of biosolid that can be used as an addition in construction materials such as bricks is at least 15%, representing a substantial positive impact on the environment. These results open the path to the proposal of even larger percentages of ceramic paste replacement.
The Role of Sources of Self-knowledge in Predicting Social Anxiety among Adolescents with Physical-Motor Disabilities

One of the most important psychological conditions influenced by social changes is social anxiety disorder. Lack of balance in the sources of self-knowledge is considered to be a significant factor in development of social anxiety among adolescents with physical-motor disabilities. We aimed in this study to examine the importance of utilizing the sources of self-knowledge by adolescents with physical-motor disabilities and its relationship with social anxiety disorder among this population; therefore, the goal of the present study was to explore the role of sources of selfknowledge in predicting social anxiety among adolescents with by adolescents with physical-motor disabilities. This was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included all middle and high school students with physical-motor disabilities in the school year 2016-2017. All the students in this population (n=126; 68 boys, 58 girls) were selected as the study sample. The Results indicated that Equality of variances (P ≥ 0.05) and normality presumptions were established by the results of Levene's test and Shapiro Wilk test, respectively (P ≥ 0.05), therefore, parametric tests were used, and given that a correlational and prediction design was used, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis using the Enter method, were used to analyze the data. According to Pearson’s correlation results, self-observation, social feedback, and social comparison were positively correlated with social anxiety in adolescents with physical-motor disabilities. In addition, the regression analysis to predict social anxiety based on the sources of self-knowledge indicated that self-observation and social comparison were significant predictors of social anxiety in adolescents with physical-motor disabilities, however, social feedback was not a significant predictor. Identifying the sources of self-knowledge underlying social anxiety is an important approach that can be used by consultants and psychologists trying to improve the mental health of adolescents with physical-motor disabilities.
Assessing the stability of human locomotion: a review of current measures

Falling poses a major threat to the steadily growing population of the elderly in modern-day society. A major challenge in the prevention of falls is the identification of individuals who are at risk of falling owing to an unstable gait. At present, several methods are available for estimating gait stability, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we review the currently available measures: the maximum Lyapunov exponent (λS and λL), the maximum Floquet multiplier, variability measures, long-range correlations, extrapolated centre of mass, stabilizing and destabilizing forces, foot placement estimator, gait sensitivity norm and maximum allowable perturbation. We explain what these measures represent and how they are calculated, and we assess their validity, divided up into construct validity, predictive validity in simple models, convergent validity in experimental studies, and predictive validity in observational studies. We conclude that (i) the validity of variability measures and λS is best supported across all levels, (ii) the maximum Floquet multiplier and λL have good construct validity, but negative predictive validity in models, negative convergent validity and (for λL) negative predictive validity in observational studies, (iii) long-range correlations lack construct validity and predictive validity in models and have negative convergent validity, and (iv) measures derived from perturbation experiments have good construct validity, but data are lacking on convergent validity in experimental studies and predictive validity in observational studies. In closing, directions for future research on dynamic gait stability are discussed.