Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Girls’ Perceptions of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

Objective: To synthesize evidence from qualitative studies relating to adolescent girls’ perceptions of physical activity participation. The protocol for this review is registered with PROSPERO (ID no. CRD42017054944). Data Source: PubMed, Sports Discus, Academic Search Complete, and Education Resources Information Centre. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Studies reporting qualitative data that explored the views/opinions/perceptions of adolescent girls (>12 and <18 years old) published between 2001 and 2016 were included. Studies not in English, those focusing on school physical education or specific sports, and those including special populations were excluded. Extraction: Study characteristics and results were extracted to a form developed by the authors and managed using NVivo 10 (QSR International’s NVivo 10 software). Data were extracted by 1 reviewer, and a sample (25%) was checked by a second reviewer. Synthesis: Data were synthesized using a thematic network and managed using NVivo 10. The validity of the included studies was assessed using the “Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (2018)” checklist. The ENTREQ and PRISMA statement was followed when reporting this qualitative synthesis. Results: Of the 1818 studies identified in the search strategy, 24 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Global themes were identified using a thematic network. These themes were “Gender Bias in Sport,” “Motivation and Perceived Competence,” “Competing Priorities during Adolescence,” and “Meeting Societal Expectations. ” Conclusions: The results of this review provide insights into adolescent girls’ views on physical activity. Future research is needed to investigate the potential impact of alternative activity programs on adolescent girls with appropriate follow-up. Researchers and individuals working with young girls must consider the role of perceived motor competence in participation and how this can impact their perceptions.
The candidate perspective of the clinical competency test (CCT) of the MICGP examination: a mixed-methods study

Background The clinical competency test (CCT) was introduced by the Irish College of General Practitioners (ICGP) in 2015. Similar to the clinical skills assessment (CSA) of the Membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners exam (MRCGP), the CCT is a modified objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the MICGP CCT from the candidates' perspective, to gain an insight into their views of its fairness, relevance, and acceptability. Design & setting This mixed-methods study was conducted with GP registrars in Ireland. Method The study was conducted in two phases. Firstly, focus groups were conducted with participants who had previously undertaken the CCT to explore their experience of the CCT. Secondly, findings from the focus groups informed the development of an online questionnaire, which was sent to all GP registrars who completed the CCT in the 2017 summer sitting. Results Two focus groups were held with a total of nine participants. Following this, the online questionnaire was emailed to 134 registrars. Of these, 83 registrars completed the questionnaire in full. Registrars reported that the CCT is a fair exam and is relevant to daily general practice. They considered the exam to be a comprehensive assessment that has a positive educational impact. However, they were challenged by time restrictions, and found it financially and emotionally stressful. Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate the candidate’s perspective of an exiting GP membership exam in the UK or Ireland. The CCT is well-regarded by registrars. The study results will help to inform the future development of the CCT exam.
GP-confirmed complete Achilles tendon rupture using pocket-sized ultrasound: a case report

Background: GP consultation rates for influenza-like illness (ILI) are poorly known in Franc and there is paucity of literature on this topic. In the few article that have b en published, the re ults are heterogene us. Aim: The aim of the present study was to estimate the proportion of ILI inducing a GP consultation, and to assess its determinants. Design & setting: Participants of French web-base c hort study who reporte 1 ILI episode between 2012 and 2015 were included. Sociodemographic characteristics, access to health care, and health status variables were collected. Method: Heal hcare-seeking b haviour was analysed and facto s associated with a GP consultation identified usin a conditional logistic r gression. Ariza M et al. BJGP Open ; DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen17X101253 1 of 11 RESEARCH
Time to abandon early detection cancer screening

Ever since 1971, when the US President signed the “War on Cancer” National Cancer Act, screening has been a hallmark in cancer control. The fundamental idea was that more cancers would be cured if they were detected and treated before symptoms arise. During the following decades, astronomic amounts of money and great hopes were invested to implement population‐based screening programs. Over time, prioritization of cancer screening has hardly declined. The expectation of success has rather increased and, for example, the attendance to mammography screening for early detection of breast cancer has indeed been used as a quality indicator of the health care system. Aggressive efforts to diagnose pre‐symptomatic cancer becomes an attractive resort to accelerate the reduction in cancer mortality. Until relatively recently, this remained an elusive goal. Currently, declines in cancer mortality have been documented for several cancers. However, the lion's share for this improvement seems to have been due to therapeutic advances rather than screening. Nevertheless, several investigators continue to argue that screening has made a substantial contribution to this improvement for breast cancer and others claim that reducing screening intensity for prostate cancer can be detrimental. Clearly, such screening efforts continue to have strong supporters. Moreover, the advent of new biomarkers, for example genetic or epigenetic test panels rekindle wider interest in screening for cancer control. Many biotech companies and start‐ups are fiercely building a case for the adoption of new methods of massive testing for screening purposes. Screening has remained enthusiastically recommended by health care providers as an indicator of commitment, progress and success. The value of early detection of cancer by screening has an intuitive appeal both to medical practitioners and the general population. Promotion of population‐based cancer screening remains a key activity for many cancer societies and charities. Many patient organizations—dominated by cancer survivors many of whom are convinced that screening saved their lives— have become powerful advocates. A cadre of scholars have based their scientific careers on theoretical and empirical studies of cancer screening. And an even larger community of health care providers make their living on screening, diagnostic workup, treatment and surveillance of cancer patients. Screening is big business: more screening means more patients, more clinical revenue to diagnostic and clinical departments, and more survivors in need of care and follow‐up. Critics are met with fierce opposition and not much changes. We believe, however, that a major, radical change is urgently needed after more than four decades of enormous investments and failing expectations.
In Vitro Comparison of the Efficacy of Peri-Implantitis Treatments on the Removal and Recolonization of Streptococcus gordonii Biofilm on Titanium Disks

Objective: To compare the efficacy of four commonly used clinical procedures in removing Streptococcus gordonii biofilms from titanium disks, and the recolonization of the treated surfaces. Background: Successful peri-implantitis treatment depends on the removal of the dental biofilm. Biofilm that forms after implant debridement may threaten the success of the treatment and the long-term stability of the implants. Methods: S. gordonii biofilms were grown on titanium disks for 48 h and removed using a plastic curette, air-abrasive device (Perio-Flow®), titanium brush (TiBrush®), or implantoplasty. The remaining biofilm and the recolonization of the treated disks were observed using scanning electron microscopy and quantified after staining with crystal violet. Surface roughness (Ra and Rz) was measured using a profilometer. Results: S. gordonii biofilm biomass was reduced after treatment with Perio-Flow®, TiBrush®, and implantoplasty (all p < 0.05), but not plastic curette (p > 0.05), compared to the control group. Recolonization of S. gordonii after treatment was lowest after Perio-Flow®, TiBrush®, and implantoplasty (all p < 0.05 vs. control), but there was no difference between the plastic curette and the control group (p > 0.05). Ra and Rz values ranged from 1–6 µm to 1–2 µm and did not differ statistically between the control, plastic curette, Perio-Flow, and TiBrush groups. However, the implantoplasty group showed a Ra value below 1 µm (p < 0.01, ANOVA, Tukey). Conclusions: Perio-Flow®, TiBrush®, and implantoplasty were more effective than the plastic curette at removing the S. gordonii biofilm and preventing recolonization. These results should influence the surgical management of peri-implantitis.
Research on the Factors Affecting the Growth of Large-Size Monolayer MoS2 by APCVD

The transition-metal chalcogenides (TMDs) are gaining increased attention from many scientists recently. Monolayer MoS2 is an emerging layered TMD material with many excellent physical and electrical properties. It can be widely used in catalysis, transistors, optoelectronics and integrated circuits. Here, the large-sized monolayer MoS2 is grown on the silicon substrate with a 285-nm-thick oxide layer by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) of sulfurized molybdenum trioxide. This method is simple and it does not require vacuum treatment. In addition, the effects of growth conditions, such as sulfur source, molybdenum source, growth temperature, and argon flow rate on the quality and area of MoS2 are further studied systematically. These analysis results help to master the morphology and optical properties of monolayer MoS2. The high quality, excellent performance, and large-size monolayer MoS2 under the optimal growth condition is characterized by optical microscopy, AFM, XPS, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum and PL mapping show that the grown MoS2 is a uniform triangular monolayer with a side length of 100 μm, which can pave the way for the applications of photodetectors and transistors.
Effective chemical protection against the maize late wilt causal agent, Harpophora maydis, in the field

Late wilt, a disease severely affecting maize fields throughout Israel, is characterized by relatively rapid wilting of maize plants before tasseling and until shortly before maturity. The disease’s causal agent is the fungus Harpophora maydis, a soil-borne and seed-borne pathogen, which is currently controlled using reduced sensitivity maize cultivars. In a former study, we showed that Azoxystrobin (AS) injected into a drip irrigation line assigned for each row can suppress H. maydis in the field and that AS seed coating can provide an additional layer of protection. In the present study, we examine a more cost-effective protective treatment using this fungicide with Difenoconazole mixture (AS+DC), or Fluazinam, or Fluopyram and Trifloxystrobin mixture, or Prothioconazole and Tebuconazole mixture in combined treatment of seed coating and a drip irrigation line for two coupling rows. A recently developed Real-Time PCR method revealed that protecting the plants using AS+DC seed coating alone managed to delay pathogen DNA spread in the maize tissues, in the early stages of the growth season (up to the age of 50 days from sowing), but was less effective in protecting the crops later. AS+DC seed coating combined with drip irrigation using AS+DC was the most successful treatment, and in the double-row cultivation, it reduced fungal DNA in the host tissues to near zero levels. This treatment minimized the development of wilt symptoms by 41% and recovered cob yield by a factor of 1.6 (to the level common in healthy fields). Moreover, the yield classified as A class (cob weight of more than 250 g) increased from 58% to 75% in this treatment. This successful treatment against H. maydis in Israel can now be applied in vast areas to protect sensitive maize cultivars against maize late wilt disease.
The Mediating Role of Self-Concept and Coping Strategies on the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Perceived Stress

The aim of this study was to examine the role of attachment style, self-concept, and coping strategies, in order to explain the differences in perceived stress factors and stress symptoms, in a mediation model. Participants were 515 university students (302 female and 213 male) aged 17-28 years. The assessment instruments were: Social Comparison Scale, Ways of Coping Scale, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-II, Brief Symptom Inventory and University Students Stress Factors Scale. The results indicated that the effect of anxious attachment on perceived stress factors and stress symptoms was partially mediated by self-concept and coping styles. Our findings revealed that the level of anxious attachment is an important factor to explain perceived stress and stress-related variables.
Detection, Localisation and Assessment of Defects in Pipes Using Guided Wave Techniques: A Review

This paper aims to provide an overview of the experimental and simulation works focused on the detection, localisation and assessment of various defects in pipes by applying fast-screening guided ultrasonic wave techniques that have been used in the oil and gas industries over the past 20 years. Major emphasis is placed on limitations, capabilities, defect detection in coated buried pipes under pressure and corrosion monitoring using different commercial guided wave (GW) systems, approaches to simulation techniques such as the finite element method (FEM), wave mode selection, excitation and collection, GW attenuation, signal processing and different types of GW transducers. The effects of defect parameters on reflection coefficients are also discussed in terms of different simulation studies and experimental verifications.
Roles of Nrf2/HO‐1 and HIF‐1α/VEGF in lung tissue injury and repair following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) leads to injury in distant organs, most commonly the lungs, although limited studies have examined self‐protective mechanisms during CIRI‐induced lung injury. Here, we investigated self‐protective mechanisms that attenuate stress‐related injury and promote the angiogenetic repair of epithelial function during CIRI‐induced lung injury by measuring nuclear factor erythroid‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) levels. A CIRI model was established in male Sprague–Dawley rats by blocking the middle cerebral artery. Rats were divided into five subgroups based on the reperfusion time (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr). Lung injury was assessed using a semiquantitative score and a thiobarbituric acid‐based method of determining malonaldehyde production. Lung tissue angiogenesis was detected by CD34 and CD31 immunolabeling. Changes in Nrf2, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), HIF‐1α, vascular‐endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), extracellular‐regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), and phospho‐ERK1/2 ( p‐ERK1/2) protein‐ and mRNA‐expression levels were measured by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions, respectively. Oxidative stress induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) caused lung injury. Expression of the Nrf2/HO‐1 antioxidative stress pathway in lung tissues increased following CI/R, peaking after 24 hr. PI3K, ERK, and p‐ERK1/2, which act upstream of Nrf2/HO‐1, were expressed at higher levels in the CI/R‐model group, consistent with the general trends observed for Nrf2/HO‐1. Within 72 hr post‐CI/R, HIF‐1α, and VEGF expression significantly increased versus the sham group. Thus, during CIRI‐induced lung injury, the body may upregulate antioxidative stress activities and promote angiogenesis to repair the endothelial barrier through the Nrf2/HO‐1 and HIF‐1α/VEGF signaling pathways, enabling self‐protection.
Adiccion al trabajo, satisfaccion laboral y familiar en académicos de una universidad estatal chilena

La adiccion al trabajo (AT) ha sido definida por algunos como una psicopatologia de comienzo insidioso y curso progresivo, caracterizada por conductas desadaptativas con consecuencias negativas para quien la padece. Controversialmente y desde el punto de vista de un empleador eventual, la AT podria asociarse a aumento inicial de la produccion. Se busca aqui obtener indicadores de AT y sus eventuales asociaciones con satisfaccion laboral (SL) y satisfaccion familiar (SF). Una muestra de 105 academicos de una universidad estatal chilena responden el Test Riesgo de Adiccion Laboral (Robinson, 1989), la Escala de SF por Adjetivos (Barraca & Lopez-Yarto, 1997) y el Cuestionario de SL S20-23 (Melia & Peiro, 1989). Se observa altos indices de AT (55.2%) y tambien indicadores positivos de SL (M=5.7, en escala de 1 a 7) y familiar (M=141.7 en escala de 0 a 170). La AT y la SL correlacionan negativamente (r = -0.325), lo cual es especialmente marcado en las mujeres (r= - 0.71) sin embargo no se observa relaciones significativas entre AT y SF. Estos y otros resultados y sus posibles explicaciones teoricas son analizados.Work addiction (WA) is an insidious and progressive disorder that implies several maladaptive behaviors and negative consequences for people’s life. Controversially and from the point of view of a potential employer, the WA may be associated with initial increase in the production. We want to obtain indicators of WA and its possible association with job satisfaction (JS) and family satisfaction (FS). A sample of 105 faculty answered the Work addiction Risk Test (Robinson, 1989), the Family Satisfaction Scale (Barraca & Lopez-Yarto, 1997) and the Work Satisfaction Questionnaire (Melia & Peiro, 1989). Descriptive analysis shows high levels of WA (55%), but also good levels of WS (M= 5.7 in a 1-7 scale) and FS (M=141.7 in a 0-170 scale). Among other specific results, WA and WS were negatively correlated (r=-0.325), especially in women (r=-0.71). No significant relationship was observed between WA and FS, the results and theoretical alternatives are discussed.
The Ross Procedure: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Microsimulation

Background: To support decision-making in aortic valve replacement in children and adults, we provide a comprehensive overview of outcome after the Ross procedure. Methods and Results: A systematic search was conducted for publications reporting clinical outcome after the Ross procedure, published between January 1, 2000, and November 22, 2017. Reported event rates and time-to-event data were pooled and entered into a microsimulation model to calculate life expectancy and lifetime event risk. Ninety-nine publications were included (13 129 patients; total follow-up: 93 408 patient-years, pooled mean follow-up: 7.9±5.3 years). Pooled mean age at surgery was 9.4±5.5 years for children and 41.9±11.4 for adults. For children and adults, respectively, pooled early mortality risk was 4.19% (95% CI, 3.21–5.46) and 2.01% (95% CI, 1.44–2.82), late mortality rate was 0.54%/y (95% CI, 0.42–0.70) and 0.59%/y (95% CI, 0.46–0.76), autograft reintervention 1.28%/y (95% CI, 0.99–1.66) and 0.83%/y (95% CI, 0.68–1.01), and right ventricular outflow tract reintervention 1.97%/y (95% CI, 1.64–2.36) and 0.47%/y (95% CI, 0.37–0.59). Pooled thromboembolism and bleeding rates were low and comparable to the general population. Lifetime risks of autograft and right ventricular outflow tract reintervention were, respectively, 94% and 100% for children and 49% and 19% for a 45-year-old. Estimated life expectancy after surgery was 59 years for children (general population: 64 years) and 30 years for a 45 years old (general population: 31 years). Conclusions: Through excellent survival and avoidance of the burden of anticoagulation, the Ross procedure provides a unique opportunity for patients whose preferences do not align with the outcome provided by mechanical valve replacement and for growing children who also benefit from autograft diameter increase along with somatic growth. On the downside, almost all pediatric and many adult Ross patients will require a reintervention in their lifetime.
Reduced Plasma Levels of Very-Long-Chain Dicarboxylic Acid 28:4 in Italian and Brazilian Colorectal Cancer Patient Cohorts

Background: There are currently no blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Previous research has suggested that very-long-chain dicarboxylic acid (VLCDCA) 28:4 might be such a biomarker. Methods: Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we analyzed VLCDCA 28:4 in the plasma of colorectal cancer patients in Italian [n = 62] and Brazilian [n = 52] cohorts. Additionally, we investigated individuals diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP; n = 27), one of the most important clinical forms of inherited susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Results: Decrements in plasma levels of VLCDCA 28:4 were monitored in colorectal cancer patients. These decreases were independent of the stage of tumor development and the individual’s age. However, no decrements in VLCDCA 28:4 were monitored in FAP patients. Conclusions: The plasma levels of VLCDCA 28:4 represent a potential biomarker of sporadic colorectal cancer. In addition, it is possible that resupply of this anti-inflammatory lipid may represent a new therapeutic strategy for CRC and inflammatory disorders.
Assessment of modified Rodnan skin score and esophageal manometry in systemic sclerosis: a study correlating severity of skin and esophageal involvement by objective measures.

INTRODUCTION Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem connective tissue disease characterized by immune-mediated activation of tissue fibroblasts and consequent fibrosis, vascular abnormalities, and inflammation. The skin and esophagus are the two most frequently involved organs in this disease. Data regarding the correlation between the severity of skin and esophageal involvement in SSc by objective measures are negligible so far. METHODS Thirty-one patients with SSc were subjected to esophageal manometry. A correlation between modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) and esophageal manometric parameters of lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), percentage relaxation of the lower sphincter, amplitude, and duration of the peristaltic waves was established. RESULTS The mean MRSS was found to be 16.9 ± 8.7. There was no statistical correlation between MRSS and LESP (p = 0.496), percentage relaxation (p = 0.070), amplitude (p = 0.531), and duration (p = 0.459) of the contractions. No difference between these manometric parameters was found if the patients were divided into limited and diffuse subsets. CONCLUSION There exists no correlation between the severity of skin involvement measured by MRSS and manometric abnormalities in SSc. All patients with SSc should undergo esophageal manometry irrespective of the extent of skin involvement.