Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Centrosomes are autocatalytic droplets of pericentriolar material organized by centrioles

Significance How cells position their proteins is still an open question. Here, we propose a physical description of centrosomes, which are membraneless organelles involved in cell division. In our model, centrosome material occurs in a soluble form and a form that tends to form droplets by phase separation. We find that an autocatalytic chemical transition between these forms quantitatively accounts for our experimental data. Importantly, a catalytic activity of the centrioles, which are located inside centrosomes, can control centrosome nucleation and suppress Ostwald ripening to allow for two equal-sized centrosomes to coexist in the cell. Consequently, our example shows how the combination of chemical reactions and phase separation can be used to control the formation of liquid-like compartments in cells. Centrosomes are highly dynamic, spherical organelles without a membrane. Their physical nature and their assembly are not understood. Using the concept of phase separation, we propose a theoretical description of centrosomes as liquid droplets. In our model, centrosome material occurs in a form soluble in the cytosol and a form that tends to undergo phase separation from the cytosol. We show that an autocatalytic chemical transition between these forms accounts for the temporal evolution observed in experiments. Interestingly, the nucleation of centrosomes can be controlled by an enzymatic activity of the centrioles, which are present at the core of all centrosomes. This nonequilibrium feature also allows for multiple stable centrosomes, a situation that is unstable in equilibrium phase separation. Our theory explains the growth dynamics of centrosomes for all cell sizes down to the eight-cell stage of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, and it also accounts for data acquired in experiments with aberrant numbers of centrosomes and altered cell volumes. Furthermore, the model can describe unequal centrosome sizes observed in cells with perturbed centrioles. We also propose an interpretation of the molecular details of the involved proteins in the case of C. elegans. Our example suggests a general picture of the organization of membraneless organelles.
The oestrogenic and anti‐oestrogenic properties of ring methyl‐substituted stilboestrols

3,3′,5,5′‐Tetramethylstilboestrol (I) and its α,α′‐dimethyl‐ (II) and α,α′‐diethyl‐ homologues (III) have been tested for oestrogenic and anti‐oestrogenic activity. α,α′‐Diethyl‐3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylstilboestrol (III), by the uterine weight assay in immature mice, is 2·1 times 10−4 times as potent as an oestrogen as 17β‐oestradiol [fiducial limits (0·95) = 1·59 times 10−4 −2·74 times 10−4] but 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylstilboestrol (I) and α,α′,3,3′,5,5′‐hexamethylstilboestrol (II) were oestrogenically inactive at a dose of 0·8 mg. Compound III exhibited auto‐inhibition of its own oestrogenic response at doses between 1·8 and 7·2 mg. None of the compounds tested inhibited the uterotrophic response to 17β‐oestradiol. Compounds II and III, but not compound I, produced a highly significant inhibition of the vaginal cornification response to 17β‐oestradiol when the test compounds (5 μg) and 17β‐oestradiol were administered intra‐vaginally in a single solution. It is suggested that the compounds II and III compete with 17β‐oestradiol for the oestrogen receptor and that methyl groups positioned ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl group sterically interfere with the binding of the compounds to the oestrogen receptor, or with the initiation of the oestrogenic response, or both.
A new control strategy of unity power factor for three-phase PWM rectifier system

According to the characteristics of high frequency rectifier systems, this paper proposed a fuzzy-logic PI-type voltage controller for the outer loop of the system with optimized control rule and membership function distribution based on fuzzy control principle so as to improve the dynamic response of direct busbar voltage. At the same time, the inner loop used proportional current adjuster with space-vector control scheme in order to increase the tracking speed of the current to the voltage and decrease the harmonic of the input current of the electrical network and the direct busbar voltage. We have made check experiment of traditional PI controller versus fuzzy controller and SPWM control scheme versus SVPWM control scheme based on Matlab-Simulink platform and we can conclude that this method can greatly improve the performance of the system without changing the topology of the original system and increasing the complexity of the adjuster implementation and it is of great importance for the engineering experience.
Competitive Advantage: Mediator of Diversification and Performance

Study relates to the correlation between diversification strategy and corporate sustainability performance, many of them are conducted in service industry. In this study, it is explained about competitive advantage that also becomes the important attention on the creation of corporate sustainability performance. But study relates to mediating effect of competitive advantage on the correlation of diversification and corporate sustainability performance, has not reviewed especially in-service industry and it becomes the focus of this study. The study is conducted by case study on Building Automation System industry in Indonesia as one of service industries that needs corporate sustainability performance. There are 43 directors of business unit which is taken their data by questionnaire as respondent, with using Structural Equation Model analysis. This finding is stated that corporate sustainability performance can be achieved well through the implementation of diversification strategy. But, competitive advantage is unable mediating diversification strategy on the improvement of corporate sustainability performance. This finding is useful to support Indonesia government’s program in facing issue of “Saving Energy”, through the review of Building Automation System industry.
How bad is incoherence

Rationality is often defined in terms of coherence, assuming that a single syntactical rule such as consistency, transitivity, or Bayes’ rule suffices to evaluate behavior. Many normative claims made in psychological research follow this assumption. We argue that coherence-based norms are of limited value for evaluating behavior as rational. Specifically, we maintain that (a) there is little evidence that coherence violations are costly, or if they are, that people would fail to learn to avoid them; (b) adaptive rules of behavior can in fact imply incoherence; (c) computational intractability and conflicting goals can make coherence unattainable; and (d) coherence plays a key role in situations where it is instrumental in achieving functional goals. These observations lead to the conclusion that coherence cannot be a universal benchmark of rationality. We argue that smart choices need to be defined in terms of ecological rationality, which requires an analysis of the environmental structure and its match with cognitive strategies.
Effect of Recombinant Fish Growth Hormone on Somatic Growth

Transgenic fish species can be routinely produced by transferring foreign DNA into developing embryos via microinjection or electroporation. This technology offers an excellent opportunity for modifying or improving the genetic traits of commercially important Fishes, mollusks, and crustaceans for aquaculture. Studies have shown that administration of recombinant fish or mammalian growth hormone (GH) to juvenile fish or oysters resulted in significant growth enhancement. Thus, it is possible to improve the growth rates of marine animals by manipulating GH or its gene. This paper reviews the results of studies to determine the efficacy of recombinant fish GH in improving the growth rates of fishes, mollusks, and crustaceans, and of gene transfer technology in producing fast-growing transgenic animals.
Coordinated adaptive control for formation tracking surface vessels with a time-invariant orbital velocity

This article considers the problem of directing a family of fully-actuated surface vessels to formation tracking a set of closed orbits and approach a time-invariant reference orbital velocity. A consensus-based adaptive control law under the bidirectional commutation topology is proposed to estimate the desired orbital velocity so that the restriction that every vehicle in the family has access to the reference in the literature is removed. The condition of nonzero total linear speed of each vessel is ensured by a potential function. An simulation example is presented as a proof of concept.
High concentrations of glucose induce synthesis of argpyrimidine in retinal endothelial cells

Purpose. To determine if high concentrations of glucose applied to cultured bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRE cells) would result in production of intracellular methylglyoxal (MG), and consequently, the synthesis of MG-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Methods. BRE cells were incubated with 30 mM D-glucose or 30 mM L-glucose for 7 days. Cells incubated with medium that had 5-mM glucose served as controls. Cells were lysed and the lysate was centrifuged to get a supernatant and a pellet fraction. We measured argpyrimidine, a MG-derived fluorescent AGE in the two fractions by a competitive ELISA using a monoclonal antibody. Results. BRE cells incubated with 30 mM D-glucose produced significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of intracellular MG than control ells or cells incubated with 30 mM L-glucose. Incubation with 30 mM D-glucose significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the synthesis of argpyrimidine in both supernatant and pellet fractions when compared to control cells. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed results obtained by ELISA and showed higher levels of argpyrimidine in cells incubated with 30 mM D-glucose. Conclusion. These results suggest that MG-mediated protein modification can occur in elevated glucose, and might contribute to endothelial cell changes associated with diabetic retinopathy.
Factors influencing Individual Investor Behaviour: Evidence from the Kuwait Stock Exchange

This study investigates the effects of psychological factors on investor behaviour regarding the Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE). These psychological factors are, namely: excessive optimism vs pessimism, herd behaviour and risk appetite. The data for this study obtained from KSE and a survey of a random sample of 398 individual investors. By using qualitative analysis and based on the theory of behavioural finance, the study findings show that herd behaviour, optimism and psychology risk have an impact on the individual investors’ decisions. However, we did not find any evidence of overconfidence behaviour’s effects on investors’ decisions. To our knowledge, KSE has been examined by several researchers without taking into consideration the effects of psychological factors on individual investor decisions. This study finds that psychological factors play a significant role in individual investors’ decisions regarding KSE. This study might contribute positively to the development of this field of research in (KSE).
Streptococcus gallolyticus bacteraemia in hepatobiliary-pancreatic and colonic pathologies.

BACKGROUND Streptococcus gallolyticus bacteraemia has been associated with several pathologies, including bacterial endocarditis and colorectal cancer. AIMS In this study, we have analysed whether Streptococcus gallolyticus bacteraemia is associated with an increased risk of hepatobiliary and colonic pathology. The association with other pathologies and the antibiotic sensitivities of Streptococcus gallolyticus were also analysed. DESIGN Observational retrospective study. METHODS The case notes of patients with documented Streptococcus gallolyticus bacteraemia between 2007 and 2012 at Mater Dei hospital (Malta) were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data, including co-morbidities, clinical investigations, antibiotic sensitivities and mortality were analysed. RESULTS A total of 42 patients (33 males, 9 females) were recruited. Two patients were pre-term infants and were therefore excluded from the study. Mean age of the cohort population studied was 72 years (SD ± 14). One-year survival rate was 62%. Gastrointestinal (colonic and hepatobiliary-pancreatic) pathologies were present in 59.5% of patients with 16% of this group having more than one gastrointestinal pathology. High incidence rates of underlying diabetes mellitus (28.6%), valvular heart disease (21.4%) and malignancies (21.4%) were noted in this study. Furthermore, we observed that 14.3% of patients had an underlying respiratory pathology. Streptococcus gallolyticus was 100% sensitive to cefotaxime and vancomycin but was highly resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline. CONCLUSION Streptococcus gallolyticus bacteraemia is commoner in the elderly and in those with multiple underlying co-morbidities. The high incidence of gastrointestinal pathologies among patients with Streptococcus gallolyticus bacteraemia (59.5%) suggests that a thorough work-up for colonic and hepatobiliary/pancreatic pathology should be carried out in these patients.
Peer Relationships and Emotional Well-Being of Children with Sickle Cell Disease: A Controlled Replication

We completed a replication study examining the social and emotional functioning of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) who have not had an overt stroke and a group of demographically similar comparison classmates based upon data from multiple informants. Relative to comparison peers, children with SCD were described by teachers as more prosocial and less aggressive. Peers described them as having fewer friends, less athletic, ill more often, and missing more school. No group differences were identified for emotional well-being. Effect size analyses indicated that this study replicated a number of findings from our previous study of children with SCD (Noll et al., 1996). Findings from both studies suggest relative psychological hardiness among children with SCD who have not had an overt stroke.
Pro- and anti-apoptotic activities of protozoan parasites

During infection, programmed cell death, i.e. apoptosis, is an important effector mechanism of innate and adaptive host responses to parasites. In addition, it fulfils essential functions in regulating host immunity and tissue homeostasis. Not surprisingly, however, adaptation of parasitic protozoa to their hosts also involves modulation or even exploitation of cell death in order to facilitate parasite survival in a hostile environment. During recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of apoptosis during parasitic infections and there is now convincing evidence that apoptosis and its modulation by protozoan parasites has a major impact on the parasite-host interaction and on the pathogenesis of disease. This review updates our current knowledge on the diverse functions apoptosis may fulfil during infections with diverse protozoan parasites including apicomplexans, kinetoplastids and amoebae. Furthermore, we also summarize common mechanistic themes of the pro- and anti-apoptotic activities of protozoan parasites. The diverse and complex effects which parasitic protozoa exert on apoptotic cell death within the host highlight fascinating interactions of parasites and their hosts. Importantly, they also stress the importance of further investigations before the modulation of host cell apoptosis can be exploited to combat parasitic infections.
Father/son relationship during the preschool years: An integrative review with special reference to recent Swedish findings

This review is an attempt to integrate Anglo‐American and Swedish studies on father/son relationships. The puerperal period, infancy and early childhood are surveyed. Swedish studies do not support specific stereotyped bonding in the puerperal period. The review confirms the bidirectional nature of the father/son relationship. Thus, counteridentification, i.e. the father's identification with his son, and identification during the oedipal phase, i.e. the son's identification with his father, seem to be essential components in the father/son relationship. However, studies on parent‐infant behaviour indicate that different parental roles exist early in infancy. Also, attachment studies point to the specificity of the father/son relationship before the oedipal phase. It is concluded that the major importance of the father/son relationship during the preschool years is to facilitate the son's masculine identification.
Learning drifting concepts: Example selection vs. example weighting

For many learning tasks where data is collected over an extended period of time, its underlying distribution is likely to change. A typical example is information filtering, i.e. the adaptive classification of documents with respect to a particular user interest. Both the interest of the user and the document content change over time. A filtering system should be able to adapt to such concept changes. This paper proposes several methods to handle such concept drifts with support vector machines. The methods either maintain an adaptive time window on the training data [13], select representative training examples, or weight the training examples [15]. The key idea is to automatically adjust the window size, the example selection, and the example weighting, respectively, so that the estimated generalization error is minimized. The approaches are both theoretically well-founded as well as effective and efficient in practice. Since they do not require complicated parameterization, they are simpler to use and more robust than comparable heuristics. Experiments with simulated concept drift scenarios based on real-world text data compare the new methods with other window management approaches. We show that they can effectively select an appropriate window size, example selection, and example weighting, respectively, in a robust way. We also explain how the proposed example selection and weighting approaches can be turned into incremental approaches. Since most evaluation methods for machine learning, like e.g. cross-validation, assume that the examples are independent and identically distributed, which is clearly unrealistic in the case of concept drift, alternative evaluation schemes are used to estimate and optimize the performance of each learning step within the concept drift handling frameworks as well as to evaluate and compare the different frameworks.
Ethnic differences in women's worries about labour and birth

Objective. To describe the worries experienced by pregnant Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) women about labour and birth and compare their experience to that of White women. Design. Data were collected in England in a survey of experience of maternity care. A random sample of 4800 women selected from birth registration records and questionnaires were mailed at three months postpartum. A total of 2960 (63%) completed a checklist of common worries about labour and birth. For 2765 there were complete data on ethnicity and all potential confounders. Chi2 tests and logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations of ethnicity with worries about labour. Unadjusted and adjusted models were run for each worry outcome. Adjustment was made for age, education, parity, relationship status and area deprivation (Index of Multiple Deprivation, IMD). Results. Overall, the pattern of worries was similar, however, larger proportions of BME women worried about almost all the aspects of labour and birth investigated, including pain, uncertainty about labour onset and duration, possible medical interventions and embarrassment. After adjustment for age, education, relationship status, parity and socioeconomic position, the higher odds of worry in the BME group were most marked in relation to pain and discomfort, not knowing how long labour would take, embarrassment and having more worries overall. Further adjustment for factors likely to affect women's worries, namely depression, being admitted to hospital during the pregnancy, or having experienced medical problems in a previous pregnancy did not alter these findings. Conclusion. Compared with White women, twice as many ethnic minority women worried about pain and discomfort, not knowing how long labour would take and about embarrassment during labour and birth. Additional research is needed to understand these concerns and how they might be ameliorated by the health professionals working directly with women and any services changes needed to improve the quality of maternity care. Implications for practice include improved information-giving and support in providing the individualised care that women need.
The Effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on Earnings Quality

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was enacted into law on July 30, 2002 after the collapse of WorldCom and Enron. SOX is designed to enhance the reliability and accuracy of the financial statements by placing more responsibility on the management of publicly traded companies. It is believed that under SOX public companies will have less opportunity to manage their earnings and commit fraud. In addition, SOX places further responsibilities on audit firms while strengthening their independence. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine within the S&P 500 (1) whether SOX has improved the quality of the earnings reported in the financial statements and (2) investigate associations of firm specific characteristics with earnings quality changes surrounding SOX. The results indicate that management reports higher quality earnings after SOX, and the change is negatively associated with cumulative abnormal stock returns during the SOX legislative period and size. ________________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgements: I would like to extend a special thanks to my advisor, Professor Karen Teitel of the Economics Department at The College of the Holy Cross. Her dedication, patience and expertise were vital throughout the course of this research. In addition, I would like to thank Professor Miles Cahill, the director of the Economics Department Honors Program, for his guidance in the honors program and for all his feedback and support throughout the writing process. I would also like to thank the John J. Cummings, Jr./BAI committee for their generous award.