Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plant densities and modulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soybean

Soybean nitrogen (N) demands can be supplied to a large extent via biological nitrogen fixation, but the mechanisms of source/sink regulating photosynthesis/nitrogen fixation in high yielding cultivars and current crop management arrangements need to be investigated. We investigated the modulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] at different plant densities. A field trial was performed in southern Brazil with six treatments, including non-inoculated controls without and with N-fertilizer, both at a density of 320,000 plants ha−1, and plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium elkanii at four densities, ranging from 40,000 to 320,000 plants ha−1. Differences in nodulation, biomass production, N accumulation and partition were observed at stage R5, but not at stage V4, indicating that quantitative and qualitative factors (such as sunlight infrared/red ratio) assume increasing importance during the later stages of plant growth. Decreases in density in the inoculated treatments stimulated photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation per plant. Similar yields were obtained at the different plant densities, with decreases only at the very low density level of 40,000 plants ha−1, which was also the only treatment to show differences in seed protein and oil contents. Results confirm a fine tuning of the mechanisms of source/sink, photosynthesis/nitrogen fixation under lower plant densities. Higher photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation rates are capable of sustaining increased plant growth.
Coherent isotope history of Andean ice cores over the last century

Isotope records from Andean ice cores provide detailed and high‐resolution climate information on various time scales. However, the relationship between these valuable isotope records and local or regional climate remains poorly understood. Here we present results from two new drillings in Bolivia, from the Illimani and the Sajama ice caps. All four high altitude isotope signals in the Andes now available (Huascarán, Quelccaya, Illimani and Sajama) show near identical decadal variability in the 20th century. Comparison with general circulation model results and meteorological data suggest that the Andean high altitude records are primarily controlled by precipitation variability over the Amazon basin.
Effects of the invasive macroalga Lophocladia lallemandii on the diet and trophism of Pinna nobilis (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and its guests Pontonia pinnophylax and Nepinnotheres pinnotheres (Crustacea: Decapoda)

Pinna nobilis and its guests Pontonia pinnophylax and Nepinnotheres pinnotheres were sampled from Posidonia oceanica meadows invaded and non-invaded by the red alga Lophocladia lallemandii . Understanding the interactions among native and invasive species was the primary aim. Therefore, the effects of the invasive L. lallemandii on the percentage contribution of the food sources of P. nobilis and its guests and their trophic associations were investigated by applying mixing models to the δ 13 C and δ 15 N stable isotopes. Isotopic analyses revealed that the guests of P. nobilis occupied a higher trophic level than their host due to their capacity for food selection. The invasion of L. lallemandii altered the percentage contribution of the food sources to the consumers’ diet. Whereas the percentage contribution of the food sources to the δ 13 C signatures did not really change, L. lallemandii produced variations in the percentage contribution to the δ 15 N signatures. This red macroalga represented one of the main food sources for P. nobilis , with a real contribution of 19.4% in the invaded meadows. Moreover, L. lallemandii slightly decreased the trophic level of the consumers. This study provides the first isotopic and trophic data for the pea crab N. pinnotheres .
Aqueous altered silicates at the surface of two Plutinos

In April 2001 we obtained visible and near-infrared spectra, as well as photometric data, for two Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs), 2000 GN171 (now numbered 47932) and 2000 EB173 (now designated 38628 Huya), which belong to the dynamical class of Plutinos. These observations were made with the FORS1 and ISAAC instruments at the European Southern Observatory-Very Large Telescope (ESO-VLT). The detection of weak absorption features in the visible spectra of these two Trans-Neptunians has been reported elsewhere (Lazzarin et al. 2003). In this paper, we discuss the interpretation of the features, which are different for the two objects, and we present some complementary observations in the near-infrared, as well as more recent (May 2002) visible spectra in which the features are absent. Although the visible colors of the two objects are comparable, the near-infrared spectra are different: (47932) 2000 GN171 shows a nearly flat spectrum, except in the H band where a broad absorption appears, whereas the spectrum of (38628) Huya (2000 EB173) has a red slope in the J band and some absorption beyond 2 micron. The features detected in the visible spectra of the two objects are tentatively attributed to the presence of iron oxides or phyllosilicates at the surfaces of the two objects. The differences between the April 2001 and May 2002 visible spectra are attributed to spatial variations at the surfaces of the objects. We briefly discuss possibilities for aqueous alteration in TNOs, after reviewing what we know about the presence of aqueously altered minerals in other small bodies of the solar system. Further studies monitoring the rotation of these two objects are highly desirable.
Match analysis of wheelchair padel players of different functional level

The aim of this study was to quantify the kinematic demands of wheelchair padel and to examine the activity profiles in professional players according to their functional level. Twenty-two elite players classified in functional level groups (from 1 to 4) were video-analysed with a two-dimensional DLT corrected video system across seven matches of a professional tournament. The results showed players covered 729.6 ± 369.9 meters and 238.45 ± 129.45 turns per match during 1128.9 ± 583.04 second of effective playing time at a mean speed of 0.53 ± 0.49 m/s per rally. The WCP players’ functional classification had heavy influence on their activity profiles during matches, with a large association with time spent in speed zones. However, WCP players spent most of the effective playing time in low and very low speed zones, regardless of functional groups. The players ranking, playing experience, years in daily ambulation and wheelchair manoeuvrability seemed to be other key determinants in wheelchair padel performance.
Revising the retrieval technique of a long-term stratospheric HNO 3 data set: from a constrained matrix inversion to the optimal estimation algorithm

Abstract. The Ground-Based Millimeter-wave Spectrometer (GBMS) was designed and built at the State University of New York at Stony Brook in the early 1990s and since then has carried out many measurement campaigns of stratospheric O 3 , HNO 3 , CO and N 2 O at polar and mid-latitudes. Its HNO 3 data set shed light on HNO 3 annual cycles over the Antarctic continent and contributed to the validation of both generations of the satellite-based JPL Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Following the increasing need for long-term data sets of stratospheric constituents, we resolved to establish a long-term GMBS observation site at the Arctic station of Thule (76.5° N, 68.8° W), Greenland, beginning in January 2009, in order to track the long- and short-term interactions between the changing climate and the seasonal processes tied to the ozone depletion phenomenon. Furthermore, we updated the retrieval algorithm adapting the Optimal Estimation (OE) method to GBMS spectral data in order to conform to the standard of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) microwave group, and to provide our retrievals with a set of averaging kernels that allow more straightforward comparisons with other data sets. The new OE algorithm was applied to GBMS HNO 3 data sets from 1993 South Pole observations to date, in order to produce HNO 3 version 2 (v2) profiles. A sample of results obtained at Antarctic latitudes in fall and winter and at mid-latitudes is shown here. In most conditions, v2 inversions show a sensitivity (i.e., sum of column elements of the averaging kernel matrix) of 100 ± 20 % from 20 to 45 km altitude, with somewhat worse (better) sensitivity in the Antarctic winter lower (upper) stratosphere. The 1σ uncertainty on HNO 3 v2 mixing ratio vertical profiles depends on altitude and is estimated at ~15 % or 0.3 ppbv, whichever is larger. Comparisons of v2 with former (v1) GBMS HNO 3 vertical profiles, obtained employing the constrained matrix inversion method, show that v1 and v2 profiles are overall consistent. The main difference is at the HNO 3 mixing ratio maximum in the 20–25 km altitude range, which is smaller in v2 than v1 profiles by up to 2 ppbv at mid-latitudes and during the Antarctic fall. This difference suggests a better agreement of GBMS HNO 3 v2 profiles with both UARS/ and EOS Aura/MLS HNO 3 data than previous v1 profiles.
3D FEA of different post systems and cements in a maxillary incisor

The effect of different post materials and cement rigidity on an endodontically treated maxillary central incisor was evaluated in this study by three dimensional stress analyses using the Finite Element Method. Methods: A 3D FEM model of a central maxillary incisor with no surviving dentinal walls was created. The following parameters were studied: 3 loading conditions[mastication, bruxism and impact], 3 different luting cements [Zinc phosphate cement, resin cement with low modulus, resin cement with high modulus], 4 post materials when present [steel, titanium, glass fiber, zirconium posts with composite cores and composite restoration without post]. To standardize the results of the analysis, 22 different points were defined on the model and their analytical positions were determined. Results and conclusion: There were significant differences between post systems and also between cements. The stresses decreased with the post material in order of steel, zirconium, titanium, glass fiber with low modulus adhesive cement. The stresses decreased in order of glass fiber, titanium, zirconium, steel with high modulus adhesive cement. In functional loading, maximum equivalent stress mostly occurs at the vestibular side of the cement layer. Minimum stress values were obtained with the glass fiber post bonded with an adhesive resin cement with low elastic modulus.
Life Satisfaction, Social Capital and the Bonding-Bridging Nexus

The paper investigates the relation between social capital and life satisfaction focusing on the distinction between bonding and bridging. Using the latest version of the combined World and European Values Surveys, the authors first address the question of measurement of social capital by means of a multi-step factor analysis. Through this procedure, they nd that proxies typically used for social capital tend to polarize around two dimensions interpreted as bonding and bridging. These two dimensions are in fact associated with a single latent variable with opposite signs suggesting that they describe two sides of the same latent variable rather than two independent latent variables. The authors call this latent variable the locus of socializing and use it to explore the relation between social capital and life satisfaction across world citizens and across groups of similar countries. The results indicate that people with extreme bonding or bridging attitudes are less happy than people with more balanced attitudes. Unlike the literature on social capital and economic growth that finds bridging attitudes more desirable than bonding attitudes, they nd that bonding attitudes are at least as important as bridging attitudes for life satisfaction. This suggests that the social capital dimensions important for economic growth may not necessarily coincide with the social capital dimensions important for life satisfaction.
The Effectiveness of English Education at a Public Elementary School in Indonesia in Enhancing English for Young Learners

The role of English as a wide-reaching means of communication has led early English education becomes more prevalent in today’s world. This present research aims at finding out the effectiveness of English education at a public elementary school in Indonesia. Besides the English teacher, the fourth, fifth and sixth grade students of a public elementary school located in Bandung, Indonesia, were the participants. An English proficiency test is administered to see whether the English ability of students in higher grade is better than the lower ones. Through questionnaire, further investigation was also done to know the students’ perceptions towards English as a subject at school. The findings of this study revealed that students’ English score did not show a significant difference among grade four, five and six. Varied answers of students’ responses towards the English teaching were also recorded. Hence, the results are expected to give valuable contributions on the implementation English education, especially English for Young Learners (EYL) that can be beneficial for English teachers and other related stakeholders, so that it can keep developing and the English ability of Indonesian students can be further improved.
Evaluation of volar locking plate fixation for management of intra-articular fractures of distal end of radius

Background: With the increase in high velocity trauma, the incidence of intra-articular fractures of distal end of radius, particularly in adults- the working class of society is increasing. Normal functioning of wrist is of paramount importance for all activities of daily living and working. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the results of using volar locking plate for fixation of intra-articular fractures of distal end radius, with emphasis on return to pre-injury employment assessment. Methods: It is a combined prospective and retrospective study from January 2013 to June 2016. Twenty patients of intra-articular fractures of distal end of radius (AO type B2 and B3) were treated with volar locking plate through volar approach. The patients were regularly followed up for one year. The assessment of pain, range of motion, activity and grip strength were scored by Green and O’Brien’s system. Results: According to scoring system of Green and O’Brien the patients were assessed at 1 year follow up. 17 patients (85%) showed excellent results (scores 90-100). 2 patients (10%) showed good result (scores 80-89) while 1 patient (5%) had fair outcome (score 65-79). No patient had poor result (score less than 65). 19 patients (95%) returned to their pre-injury employment at 1 year. Conclusions: Open reduction and internal fixation with volar locking plate is reliable and excellent methods of management of intra-articular fracture of distal end of radius especially shear type of injury (AO type B2 and B3) in adults.
A Comparative Econometric Analysis of Museum Attendance by Locals and Foreigners: The Cases of Padua and Seville/Un análisis econométrico comparado de las asistencias a los museos por parte del público local y extranjero: el caso de Padua y Sevilla

Through a comparative survey based on a unique dataset, we highlight existing similarities and differences in the museum demand of two similar institutions located in two different European cities, Padua and Seville. While considering some of the peculiarities of the two museums, we examine the heterogeneity of their visitors’ profiles and their factual, motivational, and evaluative stated behaviours. In particular, these characteristics are econometrically regressed to explain the assiduousness of the two museums’ audiences. A partir de una encuesta comparativa, integrada en una unica base de datos, se analizan y ponen de manifiesto las similitudes y diferencias en la demanda de museos de dos instituciones similares, localizadas en dos ciudades europeas, Padua y Sevilla. Se estudian las peculiaridades de los dos museos y examinamos la heterogeneidad de los visitantes: sus perfiles y comportamiento. Nos hemos centrado en un analisis econometrico a fin de explicar la relacion de las caracteristicas de los visitantes con la asiduidad de las visitas.
Perspective of Smart Business Development

This article points out the importance of digital transformation of enterprises and the economy as a whole. Technological-driven changes affect all industries and digital transformation is becoming a necessity for achieving global competitiveness. In the EU it is not sufficiently accepted that todays market requires digital business transformation and adaptation to the digital age. The aim of this article is to systematically present and explain the concept of a smart enterprise, analyze the characteristics, significance and benefits of smart enterprises, describe, analyze and show the results of the implementation of measures, strategies and programs adopted by the European Union to stimulate digital transformation and smart business development and digital economy.
Input, Interaction, and Second Language Production

The role of conversational interactions in the development of a second language has been central in the recent second language acquisition literature. While a great deal is now known about the way in which nonnative speakers interact with native speakers and other nonnative speakers, little is known about the lasting effects of these interactions on a nonnative's linguistic development. This paper specifically investigates the relationship among input, interaction, and second language production. Through data from native–nonnative speaker interactions in a direction-giving task, we show that both modified input and interaction affect task performance. However, only interaction has an effect on subsequent task performance.
Hints of the existence of Axion-Like-Particles from the gamma-ray spectra of cosmological sources

Axionlike particles (ALPs) are predicted to couple with photons in the presence of magnetic fields. This effect may lead to a significant change in the observed spectra of gamma-ray sources such as active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Here we carry out a detailed study that for the first time simultaneously considers in the same framework both the photon/axion mixing that takes place in the gamma-ray source and that one expected to occur in the intergalactic magnetic fields. An efficient photon/axion mixing in the source always means an attenuation in the photon flux, whereas the mixing in the intergalactic medium may result in a decrement and/or enhancement of the photon flux, depending on the distance of the source and the energy considered. Interestingly, we find that decreasing the value of the intergalactic magnetic field strength, which decreases the probability for photon/axion mixing, could result in an increase of the expected photon flux at Earth if the source is far enough. We also find a 30% attenuation in the intensity spectrum of distant sources, which occurs at an energy that only depends on the properties of the ALPs and the intensity of the intergalactic magnetic field, and thus independent of the AGN sourcemore » being observed. Moreover, we show that this mechanism can easily explain recent puzzles in the spectra of distant gamma-ray sources, like the possible detection of TeV photons from 3C 66A (a source located at z=0.444) by MAGIC and VERITAS, which should not happen according to conventional models of photon propagation over cosmological distances. Another puzzle is the recent published lower limit to the extragalactic background light intensity at 3.6 {mu}m (which is almost twice larger as the previous one), which implies very hard spectra for some detected TeV gamma-ray sources located at z=0.1-0.2. The consequences that come from this work are testable with the current generation of gamma-ray instruments, namely Fermi (formerly known as GLAST) and imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes like CANGAROO, HESS, MAGIC, and VERITAS. « less
From Degrees of Belief to Binary Beliefs: Lessons from Judgment-Aggregation Theory

What is the relationship between degrees of belief and binary beliefs? Can the latter be expressed as a function of the former – a so-called “belief-binarization rule” – without running into di � culties such as the lottery paradox? We show that this problem can be usefully analyzed from the perspective of judgment-aggregation theory. Although some formal similarities between belief binarization and judgment aggregation have been noted before, the connection between the two problems has not yet been studied in full generality. We seek to ﬁll this gap. This paper is organized around a baseline impossibility theorem, which we use to map out the space of possible solutions to the belief-binarization problem. Our theorem shows that, except in limiting cases, there exists no belief-binarization rule satisfying four initially plausible desiderata. Surprisingly, this result is a direct corollary of the judgment-aggregation variant of Arrow’s classic impossibility theorem in social choice theory
An Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Strong Brand Questionnaire in Sport

Background. Building strong brands has become a marketing priority for many organizations. The brand is an important criterion for the marketing situation. Power of brand effects on customer maintenance, financial benefit, brand broadening, and rivalry advantages. and is a concept, which was made by the consumer. The presumption is that building a strong brand yields a number of marketing advantages. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the strong brand questionnaire among the consumers of sports products. Methods. The questionnaires were administrated to 340 customers. The psychometric properties were determined based on the appropriate statistical methods. Results. The results obtained from the factor analysis via varimax rotation indicated the five factors of the strong brand scale, The relationship between 4 scales on the first scale were more than 0.49, 4 scales on the second scale were more than 0.46, and 4 on the third scale were more than 0.57, 5 scales on the fourth scale were more than 0.33, and 6 scales on the fifth scale were more than 0.35, which later fitted the confirmatory factor analysis. According to conformity indicators for brand strength, the first factor was brand development, the second factor was brand identity, and brand image, brand personality and brand equity respectively were the third to fifth factors. The reliability coefficients of the internal consistency including Cronbach’s alpha was satisfactory for elements and factors (0.859). Conclusion. According to the estimated psychometric properties, this instrument can be used by the researchers in order to assess the achievement goals orientations among the sports product’s customer.