Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence approaches in psychiatric disorders

Potential utility of machine learning (ML) methods can be used as a clinical tool in administering diagnosis and therapy to a targeted group of subjects suffering from psychiatric diseae. The use of ML methodology is more potentially useful to the clinician as a classification or treatment response prediction tool . It is worth using feature selection algorithms to raise the sensitivity and accuracy of the models to contribute to the hybrid approach of artificial intelligence methodologies.
Agent Technologies in the Electronic Classroom: Some Pedagogical Issues.

The use of intelligent software agents within computer mediated learning environments has become an important focus of research and development in both AI and educational contexts. Some of the roles envisaged and implemented for these electronic entities involve direct interactions with students, participating in the "social" dimension of the classroom that is of such importance in contemporary pedagogical theory. Others contribute to the many background tasks that support the teaching/learning process. Each type of activity raises its own special challenges in relation to the capabilities of the software and to our understandings of teaching and learning. Through discussion of both theoretical perspectives and practical examples, this paper explores a selection of these issues. (Contains 13 references.) (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Agent Technologies in the Electronic Classroom: Some Pedagogical Issues PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Concept-Based Curriculum and Instruction for the Thinking Classroom

List of Figures and Charts Foreword by Carol Ann Tomlinson Acknowledgments About the Author Introduction 1. The Thinking Classroom Classroom Snapshots The Brain at Work Synergistic Thinking Developing the Intellect Disciplinary Ways of Thinking and Doing Thinking Teachers and Students Summary Extending Thought 2. The Structure of Knowledge The Inherent Structure of Knowledge A Concept-Based Journey The Paradigm Shift for Educators The Texas Depth and Complexity Model Shaping Conceptual Understanding Grade by Grade Summary Extending Thought 3. Meeting Academic Standards With Integrity What Academic Standards Are What Academic Standards Are Not Ideas Through the Grades Contextualizing Standards Into Classroom Curricula Bringing District-Level Coherence to Standards Summary Extending Thought 4. Designing Concept-Based Units and Lessons Interdisciplinary and Interdisciplinary Unit Design: A Short Primer Creating Lesson Plans Performances Versus Activities Questions and Answers on Unit and Lesson Design Summary Extending Thought 5. Concept-Based Instruction Thinking Teachers Introducing "Brain Power" and Concepts to Students Sample Concept-Based Lessons Adapting Instructional Materials Supportive Best Practices Summary Extending Thought 6. Leadership Roles District Leadership Building-Based Leadership Teacher Leaders Teacher Training Institutions Summary Extending Thought Resource A. Concept-Based Curriculum Glossary of Terms Resource B. Curriculum Document Preface Resource C. Teacher Observations--Sample Forms Resource D. Concept-Based Graphic Organizers Resource E1. Sample Unit and Lesson Planner Resource E2. Completed Unit and Lesson Planner Resource F. The Knowledge Domain and Cognitive Processes Resource G. Sample School Districts Using a Concept-Based Model for Curriculum and Instruction References Index Illustrator
Suboptimal LULU-estimators in measurements containing outliers

Suboptimal LULU-estimators in Measurements Containing Outliers S.L. Astl Department of Physics Faculty of Science Thesis: MSc December 2013 Techniques for estimating a signal in the presence of noise which contains outliers are currently not well developed. In this thesis, we consider a constant signal superimposed by a family of noise distributions structured as a tunable mixture f(x) = α g(x) + (1 − α)h(x) between finitesupport components of “well-behaved” noise with small variance g(x) and of “impulsive” noise h(x) with a large amplitude and strongly asymmetric character. When α ≈ 1, h(x) can for example model a cosmic ray striking an experimental detector. In the first part of our work, a method for obtaining the expected values of the positive and negative pulses in the first resolution level of a LULU Discrete Pulse Transform (DPT) is established. Subsequent analysis of sequences smoothed by the operators L1U1 or U1L1 of LULU-theory shows that a robust estimator for the location parameter for g is achieved in the sense that the contribution by h to the expected average of the smoothed sequences is suppressed to order (1 − α) or higher. In cases where the specific shape of h can be difficult to guess due to the assumed lack of data, it is thus also shown to be of lesser importance. Furthermore, upon smoothing a sequence with L1U1 or U1L1, estimators for the scale parameters of the model distribution become easily available. In the second part of our work, the same problem and data is approached from a Bayesian inference perspective. The Bayesian estimators are found to be optimal in the sense that they make full use of available information in the data. Heuristic comparison shows, however, that Bayes estimators do not always outperform the LULU estimators. Although the Bayesian perspective provides much insight into the logical connections inherent in the problem, its estimators can be difficult to obtain in analytic form and are slow to compute numerically. Suboptimal LULU-estimators are shown to be reasonable practical compromises in practical problems. ii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL E-BOOK INTERAKTIF TERMODIFIKASI MAJALAH PADA MATERI STRUKTUR ATOM (DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF INTERACTIVE E-BOOK MAGAZINE MODIFICATION ON THE MATERIAL ATOMIC STRUCTURE)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan e-Book interaktif ditinjau dari isi, penyajian, dan bahasa. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan rancangan penelitian menggunakan model 4-D. e-Book yang dikembangkan dinilai oleh 2 dosen dan 1 guru kimia SMA serta diujicobakan secara terbatas pada 15 siswa kelas X-IPA SMA 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya. Penilaian reviewer terhadap e-Book yang dikembangkan pada kriteria isi memperoleh kategori layak sebesar 80%, kriteria penyajian diperoleh kategori layak sebesar 78,33%, dan kriteria kebahasaan memeperoleh kategori sangat layak sebesar 81,67%. Dari hasil uji coba terbatas pada 15 siswa SMA 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya kelas X-IPA diperoleh respon siswa berdasarkan format e-Book sebesar 90,67%, kejelasan e-Book sebesar 86,67%, dan ketertarikan siswa sebesar 83,33%. Kata kunci: e-Book interaktif, struktur atom. The aims of this research to know the feasibility of interactive e-Book includes the feasibility of content, presentation and language. The type of this research was development research and design research was using 4-D model. The e-Book assessed by 2 lecturer as experts and 1 high school chemistry teacher, then tested by limited trial to 15 students in class X-Science of Public Senior High School 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya. Assessment of experts on e-Book developed for content criteria get percentage as 80% with feasible category, for presentation criteria get percentage 78.33% with feasible category, and for language criteria get percentage as 81.67% with very feasible category. From the limited trial test to 15 students in Public Senior High School 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya class X-Science students respons from e-Book format get percentage 90.67%, e-Book clearity get percentage 86.67%, and student interest get percentage 83.33%. Key words: Interactive e-Book, atomic structure.
Pragmatic organization of discourse in the languages of Europe

The volume is a collection of papers reporting the results of investigations on the interaction of discourse and sentence structure in the languages of Europe. The subjects discussed in the book include: morphosyntactic characteristics of spontaneous spoken texts; different patterns of word order in a pragmatic perspective; the coding of the pragmatic functions topic and focus in sentences with non-canonical word orders (e.g. dislocations, clefts); the range of functions of verb-subject order in declarative clauses and the notion of theticity; prosodic patterns of de-accenting of given information; deixis and anaphora; coding of definiteness and article systems. The book provides the empirical basis for the comparative survey of major phenomena found in the languages of Europe which have pragmatic relevance. Beside traditional areas of investigation at the interface between syntax and pragmatics such as dislocations, new areas are explored, such as the prosody of given information. Data are considered within a functional-typological approach.
Check-In/Check-Out

When implementing multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) for behavior in K–12 schools, it is important to identify interventions that are effective at each tier, but it is also crucial to identify interventions that match the level of the problem in terms of intensity and resources allocated to solving the problem. Tier II interventions in MTSS systems are designed to support the behavior of 5%–15% of students in a school that are at risk. One of the most well-developed, evidence-based, and efficient Tier II behavioral interventions is Check-in/Check-out (CICO). CICO (also known as the Behavior Education Program) was designed to reduce the behavioral problems of students who are not responding to Tier I intervention strategies. This chapter describes recent research and provides a detailed how-to guide for implementation of CICO.
Effects of the Problem Solving and Subject Matter Approaches on the Problem Solving Ability of Secondary School Agricultural Education.

The approach used by teachers is very important to the success of the teaching process. This is why this study seeks to determine which teaching approaches – problem solving and subject-matter, would best improve the problem solving ability of selected secondary agricultural education students in Ikorodu Local Government Area. Ten classes and 150 students, based on Hay’s (1973) cluster sampling formula for determining sample size, were selected. The classes were taught with instructional units prepared using the problem solving approach model presented in Newcomb, McCracken and Warmbrod (1993) and subject matter approach as described by Rosenshine and Steven (1986). At the conclusion of all instruction, a problem solving ability posttest and Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) Instruments were administered to all participants. The scores obtained from the problem solving ability posttest was analyzed using the univariate analysis of covariance and it found, among other things, problem solving approaches scored significantly higher (P=0.046) on the posttest than scores of students assigned to classes using the subject matter approach. The implication of this figure is that the problem solving ability of secondary O.W. Olowa is at the Federal College of Education in Yaba Lagos State, Nigeria. He can be reached at olowa1@yahoo.com. 34 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEACHER EDUCATION school students can be accelerated with instructional approaches, such as the problem solving technique.
Improving reading skills across the content areas : ready-to-use activities and assessments for grades 6-12

Preface About the Author 1. Introduction to Reading in Grades 6-12 2. Setting a Purpose for Reading 3. Connecting to Prior Knowledge 4. Understanding Vocabulary Terms and Concepts 5. Identifying Significant Information in Text 6. Visualizing Text Information 7. Asking Questions for Deep Understanding 8. Drawing Conclusions and Making Inferences 9. Analyzing Text Structure 10. Evaluating the Author's Viewpoint Resource: Reproducible Worksheets for Chapter Activities Bibliography Index
Development of Standards of Readability: Toward a Rational Criterion of Passage Performance. Final Report.

The purpose of these studies was to develop and demonstrate a model for identifying criterion levels of performance that can be rationally defended as being the best level of performance for a particular instructional task. The specific objective was to identify the score on a cloze test that represents the most desirable level of performance on instructional materials. (Author)
Probability Concepts and Theory for Engineers

This book offers a detailed explanation of the basic models and mathematical principles used in applying probability theory to practical problems. It gives the reader a solid foundation for formulating and solving many kinds of probability problems for deriving additional results that may be needed in order to address more challenging questions, as well as for proceeding with the study of a wide variety of more advanced topics.
Autocorrelation in Landsat data

Many computer algorithms for the analysis of Landsat data have a statistical basis which requires that the observations comprise independent samples. Four distinct methods are employed to show that this assumption commonly is not fulfilled for these data. Each leads to a similar conclusion; the data must be sampled no closer than every 10th pixel in order to yield independent estimators. The implications of this are illustrated with a simple example.
Visualization in Science Education

There is general agreement in the educational community that visualization is an effective teaching tool. Current applications of visualization are found in many teaching contexts, including mathematics, reading, science and technology. In this article, we review key studies in science education that show that visualizations are effective to the extent that they meet relevant instructional goals and objectives and that students have the necessary background knowledge and skills to understand and interpret the information represented in them. We report select findings from a review of 65 empirical studies of visualization in science education, and address the following four questions:
A Selection of H.264 Encoder Components Implemented and Benchmarked on a Multi-core DSP Processor

H.264 is a video coding standard which offers high data compression rate at the cost of a high computational load. This thesis evaluates how well parts of the H.264 standard can be implemented for a new multi-core digital signal processing processor architecture called ePUMA. The thesis investigates if real-time encoding of high definition video sequences could be performed. The implementation consists of the motion estimation, motion compensation, discrete cosine transform, inverse discrete cosine transform, quantization and rescaling parts of the H.264 standard. Benchmarking is done using the ePUMA system simulator and the results are compared to an implementation of an existing H.264 encoder for another multi-core processor architecture called STI Cell. The results show that the selected parts of the H.264 encoder could be run on 6 calculation cores in 5 million cycles per frame. This setup leaves 2 calculation cores to run the remaining parts of the encoder. ﻿
Comparison of speed acquisition methods based on sinusoidal encoder signals

The PI-speed-control using sinusoidal encoder signals for feedback is the standard configuration in highly precise and dynamic servo control. In design, there is necessarily a tradeoff between the design goals of fast rejection of load changes (high controller gain) and uniform turning (moderate controller gain), with especially mechanical resonances limiting the controller gain. This tradeoff can be solved well only if a precise and low-noise speed signal is available. This paper investigates different speed acquisition schemes concerning their performance. In addition to the industry-standard filtered derivative, observers based on the rigid-body, two-mass, and three-mass models are considered. The methods are implemented in a 2.2kW permanent magnet servo motor plant, and a comparison of experimental results is given.
Increasing 'Initial' Focus-on-Form to Practice, Promote, and Automatize Target Function Language Use

Functions are directly-taught conversation skills that facilitate deep communicative interaction by helping learners perform direct pragmatic speech acts. On the author’s course, functions are operationalized through limited sets of pre-packaged language, positioned as formal input. Although discussion tasks are highly meaning-focused occasions, functional language is introduced to support, plan, and aid in the interchange of ideas. However, as learners may enter the program with a declarative knowledge of how to express themselves, given their prior experiences of 8 years of EFL education, learners may lack the ability to deliver messages using a heightened variety of forms that perform extended functions. This paper will introduce an approach to practice that encourages an intensive, overt, and pre-emptive ‘focus-on-form,’ that extends and maintains accurate target form-function use amongst learners. The writer will argue that initially removing the burden of content development can support these aims.
Imposing Minimal Memory Ordering on Multiprocessors

Shared memory has been widely adopted as the primary system level programming abstraction on modern multiprocessor systems due to its ease of programming. To assist programmers in understanding program behaviors with respect to read and write operations originating from multiple processors, many memory consistency models have been proposed. Sequential consistency (SC) memory model is the simplest and most intuitive model, but its strict memory ordering requirements can restrict many hardware and compiler optimizations that are possible in uniprocessors. For higher performance, many manufacturers typically choose to support relaxed consistency models . In these models, memory fence instructions are also provided to permit selective overriding of default relaxed memory access ordering, where strict ordering must be enforced for program correctness. However, memory fences are costly because they cause a processor to stall.Although the underlying memory models or memory fence instructions require a set of memory orderings to be enforced, they are not always necessary at runtime. If reordering of two memory operations executed on one processor is not observed by any other processor, then the reordering is safe as the program will behave the same as if they were not reordered. Thus we observe that it is possible to relax some of memory orderings that are in general required but are unnecessary in the current execution . The goal of this dissertation is to dynamically identify the necessary memory orderings and thus relax the rest of the required memory orderings. The challenge of achieving this goal is to efficiently identify the necessary memory orderings. This dissertation explores programming, compiler, and hardware support for eliminating unnecessary memory orderings to improve program performance. First, conflict ordering is proposed for implementing SC efficiently, where SC is enforced by explicitly ordering only conflicting memory operations in the global memory order, instead of all memory operations. The approach achieves SC performance comparable to RMO (relaxed memory ordering), without aggressive post-retirement speculation. Next, three approaches (i.e., scoped fence , conditional fence , and address-aware fence ) are proposed to relax memory orderings imposed by memory fences, representing different levels of support from programmer, compiler and hardware. These approaches make memory fences lightweight to use.
Precision modulation in predictive coding hierarchies: theoretical, behavioural and neuroimaging investigations

Estimation of uncertainty is an important aspect of perception and a prerequisite for effective action. This thesis explores the implementation of uncertainty estimation as precision modulation within a predictive coding hierarchy, optimised within a neurbiologically-plausible message-passing scheme via the minimisation of free-energy. This thesis consists of six chapters. The first presents a new model of a classic visual illusion, the Cornsweet illusion, which demonstrates that the Cornsweet illusion is a natural consequence of Bayes-optimal perception under the free-energy principle, and demonstrates that increasing contrast can be modelled by increasing signal-to-noise ratio. The second chapter describes dynamic causal modelling of EEG data collected from participants viewing the Cornsweet illusion, demonstrating that a reduction in precision, or superficial pyramidal cell gain, in lower visual hierarchical levels, is sufficient to explain contrast-dependent changes in ERPs. The third describes a model of a simple attentional paradigm – the Posner paradigm – recasting attention as the optimal modulation of precision in sensory channels. The fourth describes an MEG study of the Posner paradigm, using Bayesian model selection to explore the role of changes in backwards and modulatory connections and changes in local superficial pyramidal cell gain in producing the electrophysiological and behavioural correlates of the Posner paradigm. The fifth chapter recasts the Posner paradigm in the motor domain to investigate the level (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) of precision modulation by motor cues. The sixth describes a new model of sensory attenuation based on using precision modulation to balance the imperatives to act and perceive. I hope to demonstrate that precision modulation within predictive coding hierarchies, under the free-energy principle, is a flexible and powerful way of describing and explaining both behavioural and neuroimaging data.
Respiratory motion correction in PET/CT imaging

In dual modality PET-CT imaging, respiratory motion can introduce blurring in PET images and create a spatial mismatch between the PET and CT datasets. Attenuation correction errors can result from this mismatch, which can produce severe artefacts that potentially alter the clinical interpretation of the images. Various approaches of reducing these effects have been developed. Many involve respiratory gated acquisitions which generally require a measure of the respiratory cycle throughout imaging. In this work, a retrospective respiratory gating technique was developed for both PET and CT which extracts the respiratory cycle from the acquired data itself, removing the requirement for hardware that measures respiration. This data-driven gating method was validated with phantom and patient data, and compared with a hardware based approach of gating. Extensions to the method facilitated the gating of multi-bed position, 3D clinical PET scans. Finally, 60 Ammonia cardiac PET/CT images were used to compare several different approaches of reducing respiratory induced attenuation correction errors and motion blur. The data-driven respiratory gating method accurately substituted a hardware based approach, and no significant difference was found between images gated with either methods. Gating 11 clinical 3D whole body PET images validated the extended data-driven gating methods and demonstrated successful combination of separate PET bedpositions. All evaluated approaches to reduce respiratory motion artefacts in cardiac imaging demonstrated an average improvement in PET-CT alignment. However, cases were found where alignment worsened and artefacts resulted. Fewer and less severe cases were produced when the 4D attenuation correction data was created from a 3D helical CT and PET derived motion fields. Full motion correction produced a small effect on average, however in this case no detrimental effects were found.