Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Conceptual Model of Organisational and Social Factors in HQ

The potential of Information Age technology to support collaboration at a distance invites military forces to create agile mission groups, which can form, adapt and re-form rapidly and sympathetically to changing circumstances. Managing such an agile capability will require agile headquarters, as part of a wider Information Age Command and Control concept. This paper explores the implications of HQ agility from the stand-point of organisational and social science, and presents the results of thinking about how organisational and social factors can be integrated into modelling. The paper draws from social and organisational science literatures, C2 experimentation, and modelling research, to map out the key factors impacting on the relationship between capability investment and HQ performance and behaviour. It outlines a revised conceptual model capable of addressing a requisite subset of variables and bringing them together into a coherent model implementation. The model requires a judicious synthesis of approaches, striking a practical balance between detailed and abstraction. The paper draws encouragement from existing model implementations, but the synthesis of a requisite model remains a challenging task. Success will allow analysis to support an integrated approach to investment in Network Enabled Capability (NEC). Failure has significant implications for acquisition justification and management.
Gallbladder Mucosal Changes Associated with Chronic Cholecystitis and Their Relationship with Carcinoma Gallbladder

384 cholecystectomy specimens were examined during a period of one year from Oct 2005 to Oct 2006, in the department of Pathology, ASCOMS, Sidhra. Jammu, for studying the histological patterns of chronic cholecystitis, the frequency of associated mucosal changes, the age related incidence and the relationship of carcinoma with various mucosal changes. Majority of patients presented in the fourth decade of life. The youngest patient was 16 years and the oldest 78 years of age. Acute and chronic inflammatory lesions were associated with ulceration in 13.02%, mucosal hyperplasia in 25.26% and antral metaplasia in 53.40%. Intestinal metaplasia constituted 9.11%, cholesterolosis was seen in 12.25%, dysplasia in 3.64% and neoplasia in 0.78% of cases. All the cases of carcinoma were associated with gallstones. Histological continuity between epithelial changes was seen in 35 cases. 8 cases had continuity of antral metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. 2 cases showed continuity of intestinal metaplasia with dysplasia and carcinoma and 1 case showed continuity of dysplasia with carcinoma.It is inferred that antral metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma have an inter-relationship. There is a significant higher incidence of carcinoma gallbladder in patients who harbor gallstones for longer period. Histopathological examination is thus important in every case of cholecystectomy for identifying metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma.
Longitudinal Metabolic and Cognitive Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients

Advancements in clinical therapies have identified the need for biomarkers of early Alzheimer disease that distinguish the earliest stages of pathology and target those patients who are likely to gain the most benefit. The aim of this study was to characterize the longitudinal metabolic changes measured by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in correlation to neuropsychologic indices of episodic memory, attention and mental processing speed, language facility, and executive function in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Quantitative 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the posterior cingulate gyrus was performed and repeated at 11.56±4.3 months. N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), total choline (Cho), total creatine (Cr), myo-inositol (mI), and glutamate/glutamine (Glx) metabolite levels were measured, corrected for cerebrospinal fluid dilution, and ratios calculated in MCI and cognitively normal subjects. In the first study, MCI subjects showed lower NAA levels, NAA/Cho, and NAA/mI ratios and increased Cho/Cr and mI/Cr compared with controls. In the follow-up study, 36% of the MCI subjects [atypical MCI (atMCI)] showed interval increases in NAA, Cr, and Glx levels compared with 64% of MCI subjects (typical MCI) who showed an interval decrease in NAA, Cr, and Glx. Both MCI subgroups had higher Clinical Dementia Rating scores and lower scores on episodic memory, phonemic, and semantic word fluency tasks, compared with controls. The annualized rate of change in metabolic and cognitive status did not differ between normal aging and MCI subjects. atMCI subjects showed significant negative correlations between metabolite levels and executive function task scores, with NAA/mI showing a significant positive correlation with phonemic and semantic word fluency. There were no significant correlations between metabolite levels and cognitive performance in tMCI subjects; however, NAA/mI and mI/Cr were negatively correlated with executive function tasks. These results indicate 2 distinct evolving metabolite profiles that correlate with changes in executive function and can be used to differentiate MCI from normal aging.
VALIDATED HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS QUANTITATION OF TADALAFIL AND DAPOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK DRUG AND FORMULATION

HPLC method has been described for simultaneous determination of Tadalafil and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride in formulation. This method is based on HPLC separation of the two drugs on the Thermo Hypersil BDS–C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5.0 µ) from Germany with isocratic conditions and simple mobile phase containing acetonitrile: 0.1 % triethyl amine in water pH adjusted to 4.0 with ortho phosphoric acid (80: 20) at flow rate of 1 mL/min using UV detection at 229 nm. This method has been applied to formulation without interference of excipients of formulation. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed a good linear relationship over the concentration range of 0.25-4 µg/mL for Tadalafil and 0.75-12 µg/mL for Dapoxetine Hydrochloride respectively. The mean values of the correlation coefficient, slope and intercept were 0.9995 ± 1.27, 133612 ± 0.72 and 49109 ± 1.21 for Tadalafil and 0.9992 ± 0.78, 155825 ± 0.87 and 132842 ± 0.54 for Dapoxetine Hydrochloride, respectively. The method was validated for precision, robustness and recovery. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.010 μg/mL and 0.025 μg/mL for Tadalafil and 0.005 μg/mL and 0.020 μg/mL for Dapoxetine Hydrochloride, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the method is repeatable and selective for the estimation of Tadalafil and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride.
Twin births and their complications in women of low socioeconomic profile.

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of twin births and their foetomaternal complications in women of low socioeconomic profile. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2009 to December 2010 at the Obstetrics and Gynaecolgy Unit I, Civil Hospital, Karachi. Patients with twin pregnancy giving birth beyond 24 weeks, were selected by non-probability purposive sampling. Data on patient characteristics, gestation, antepartum and peripartum complications, chorionicity, mode of delivery and perinatal outcome was recorded and analysed through SPSS 16. RESULTS Out of 6077 deliveries during the study period, 119 twin births gave a frequency of 19.58/1000 births. Patients' mean age was 27.51+/-4.2 years, mean parity 2.4+/-2.2 and mean gestational age was 34.76+/-3.4 weeks. Unbooked and referred patients were 96 (80.67%). Final paired outcome was alive twin pairs in 74 (62.18%) cases, stillbirth in 7 (5.88%), neonatal deaths in 10 (8.40%). Perinatal mortality rate was 277/1000 twin births. Most frequent foetal complications were low birth weight (n=84; 70.58%), pre-term births (n=70; 58.82%) and intrauterine growth restriction (n=59; 49.57%). The second twin was at significantly higher risk (p< 0.05). Monochorionic twins had significantly high rates of stillbirths than dichorionic (p = 0.023). Most frequent maternal complications comprised pre-term labour (n=56; 47.05%), severe anaemia (n=22; 18.48%), hypertensive disorders (n=19; 15.96%) and postpartum haemorrhage (n=10; 8.40%). CONCLUSION Twin pregnancies in women of low socioeconomic profile result in very high rates of low birthweight, pre-term births, intrauterine growth restriction, anaemia, hypertensive disorders and postpartum haemorrhage. Monochorionic pregnancies result in high rates of stillbirths and second twin is more likely to be compromised.
Planar Filtering Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Antenna With Shorting Pins

A class of UWB filter-antenna is proposed. The proposed filter-antenna is compact, high inband selectivity and insensitive to ground plane size. A via-fed monopole antenna is proposed with tapered shape between the radiator and ground plane. This tapered shape supports two resonant modes to provide wideband matching. Four shorting pins are added to this antenna to improve the selectivity of the filter-antenna performance. Furthermore, a shunt LC-resonator is used to generate the notched-band in the UWB band without extra circuit size. To verify the predicted results, two prototype filter-antennas with and without notched-band are fabricated and measured on a low-cost two-side printed circuit board. The measured results exhibit a good selectivity, the measured return loss is below - 12.5 dB within the desired passband and the size is compact with overall dimension of 28.5×28×0.8 mm3.
The serious suicide attempt. Five-year follow-up study of 886 patients.

A five-year follow-up study was undertaken of a previously reported 1968 cohort of 886 people who had attempted suicide. The working hypothesis that those who had seriously attempted suicide (21%) would have a higher suicide rate on long-term follow-up was confirmed. During the five-year follow-up period, a total of 34 suicides were found, which represented 3.84% of the total number at risk. Of those who had seriously attempted suicide, 12 (6.45%) of 186 succeeded later; of the other (nonserious or less serious) attempters, 22 (3.1%) of 700 succeeded. The serious-attempter suicide rate was 2.1 times that of the others, and this difference was statistically significant (P less than .05). In addition, patients who made attempts that were judged serious on medical but not on psychiatric grounds were found to have a suicide rate significantly higher (P less than .05) than patients who had made suicide attempts that were not a serious medical threat.
ON DEHN'S LEMMA AND THE ASPHERICITY OF KNOTS.

The present paper contains a 'roof of Dehn's lemma and an analogous result that we call the sphere theorem, from which other theorems follow. ' DEHN'S LEMMA. Let M be a 3-manifold, compact or not, with boundary which may be empty, and in M let D be a 2-cell with self-intersections (singularities), having as boundary the simple closed polygonal curve C and such that there exists a closed neighborhood of C in D which is an annulus (i.e. no point of C is singular). Then there exists a 2-cell Do with boundary C, semi-linearly imbedded in M. SPHERE THEOREM. Let M be an orientable 3-manifold, compact or not, with boundary which may be empty, such that 7r2(M) # 0, and which can be semi-linearly2 imbedded in a 3-manifold N, having the following property: the commutator quotient group of any non-trivial (but not necessarily proper) finitely generated subgroup of 7r,(N) has an element of infinite order (n.b. in particular this holds if 7r,(N) = 1). Then there exists a 2-sphere S semi-linearly imbedded in M, such that3 S X 0 in M. Dehn's lemma was included in a 1910 paper of M. Dehn [4] p. 147, but in 1928 H. Kneser [13] p. 260, observed that Dehn's proof contained a serious gap. In 1935 and 1938 appeared two papers by I. Johansson [11], [12], on Dehn's lemma. In the second one, p. 659, he proves that, if Dehn's lemma holds for all orientable 3-manifolds, it then holds for all non-orientable ones. We now prove in this paper that Dehn's lemma holds for all orientable 3-manifolds. Our proof makes use also of I. Johansson's first paper. As far as the sphere theorem is concerned we have to remark that, to the best knowledge of this author, the first one to attempt a theorem of this kind was H. Kneser in 1928, [13] p. 257; however his proof does not seem to be conclusive. In 1937 S. Eilenberg [5] p. 242, Remark 1, observed a relation between the nonvanishing of the second homotopy group and the existence of a non-contractible 2-sphere. Finally in 1939 J. H. C. Whitehead [25] p. 161, posed a problem which stimulated the author to prove the sphere theorem, stated above. We emphasize that, if 7r,(N) is a free group4 then the hypotheses of the sphere theorem are fulfilled, according to the following NIELSEN-SCHREIER THEOREM. Every subgroup of a free group is itself a free group.5
In vivo inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase decreases lung injury induced by Toxocara canis in experimentally infected rats

The direct effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the viability of Toxocara canis larvae was studied. We observed that the nitric oxide donors, SIN‐1 and SNOG, exert no cytotoxic effect on the in vitro viability of T. canis larvae. In addition, we developed a model in rats to elucidate the role of NO during T. canis infection. We evaluated different indicators in four experimental groups: morphological parameters, the total number cells and cell types recovered, nitrite and protein concentration, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung index and detection of anti‐T. canis specific antibodies. We observed significant differences between non‐infected and infected groups. The infected animals treated with the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor aminoguanidine were less damaged than infected, non‐treated animals. Our results suggest that the in vivo inhibition of the synthesis of NO triggered by iNOS diminishes the deleterious effects of the parasite upon the host, especially the vascular alterations in the lungs. We could show that in vivo production of NO induced by infection with T. canis results in direct host damage. Thus, this induction may constitute an evasion/adaptation mechanism of the parasite.
High-dose chemoradiotherapy and autologous blood stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: results of a phase II trial involving 63 patients.

Sixty-three patients with high tumor mass multiple myeloma were treated with high-dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation supported by autologous blood stem cell transplantation. After high-dose therapy, they were monitored for a median of 44 months. Seven patients died early from toxicity. All the other patients, including those whose disease was resistant to previous therapies, showed a tumor mass reduction. At 6 months postengraftment, 40 (71%) of the surviving patients had minimal residual disease and 11 (20%) were in apparent complete remission. During follow-up, 25 out of the 63 (39%) patients relapsed and 16 of these died; 31 (49%) had a sustained remission. The median overall and event-free survival times after transplantation were 59 and 43 months, respectively. The initial serum beta 2-microglobulin value (> or < 2.8 mg/L) and length of previous therapy (> or < 6 courses of chemotherapy) were the only significant prognostic factors. In all surviving patients, blood stem cell autograft provided satisfactory and sustained haematopoietic reconstitution most often within 15 days. High dose chemoradiotherapy followed by autologous blood stem cell transplantation is thus an important therapeutic option for young patients with aggressive multiple myeloma.
Gender differences in correlates of mental health among elderly Koreans.

OBJECTIVE . This study examined the differential impact of social roles and socioeconomic resources on the mental health of Korean men and women aged 65 years or older. METHODS The study sample was a weighted population of 930 people (905 survey samples) aged 65 years or older who had responded to the health behavior survey of the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. RESULTS We observed striking gender differences in the correlates of poor mental health. Living alone was significantly associated with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in men but not in women. Living in a multigenerational family without a spouse and having a lower household income were significantly associated with poor mental health in both men and women. DISCUSSION We discuss the intriguing evidence of gender differences in the correlates of mental health within the context of traditional Asian society and suggest further research on social components of gender differences in mental health across diverse cultures.
Gender and Military Contextual Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Aggression

This study explored individual and military risk factors for intimate partner aggression (IPA) perpetration among Navy personnel in their second year of service. We found some evidence that job stress was related to higher perpetration among men. Contrary to expectations, ship duty was related to lower perpetration rates, even though it involves more military operational stress and more frequent deployments than does shore duty. Premilitary alcohol problems were a stronger risk factor for men than for women, whereas premilitary patterns of aggressive behavior were a stronger risk factor for women. Recommendations for future research and public health interventions are discussed.
Positional Stretching of the Coracohumeral Ligament on a Patient with Adhesive Capsulitis: A Case Report

Abstract Idiopathic frozen shoulder is a common medical diagnosis for patients seeking physical therapy. Radiographic and surgical evidence exists that describes the coracohumeral ligament (CHL) as a major contributor to lack of external rotation in patients diagnosed with frozen shoulder. No stretching techniques targeting the anatomical fiber orientation of the CHL have been reported in the literature. This single-patient case-report describes the use of a positional stretching technique of the CHL on a 51-year-old female diagnosed with phase I frozen shoulder. The patient completed 8 in-office visits and 17 home exercise program sessions of positional CHL stretching combined with a simple volitional rotator cuff exercise program in a 4-week period. The patient's Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and hand (DASH) scores improved from 65 to 36 and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) scores improved from 72 to 8 and passive external rotation from 20° to 71°. While a cause-and-effect relationship cannot be inferred from a single case, this report may foster further investigation regarding the role of the CHL in patients with stage- I and stage- II frozen shoulder as well as therapeutic strategies to help reduce loss of mobility and function.
Amerindian Genetic Ancestry Protects against Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, and bears remarkable evidence for a differential prevalence among continental populations. In this scenario, estimating ancestry proportions in recently admixed populations is a strategy that can help increasing knowledge about the genetic structure of this complex trait. Aim/Methods: Our purpose was to assess mean ancestry estimates for the three main parental contributors to the Brazilian contingent (European, African and Amerindian) using a panel of 12 ancestry informative markers. Outpatients with the late-onset form of AD (n = 120) were compared for ancestry levels with non-cognitively impaired subjects (n = 412) in the Midwest Brazil, controlling for classic clinical, social and anthropometric risk factors. Results: Our findings show a 3-fold greater genetic Amerindian content among control subjects compared to AD patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the allelic architecture of Native Americans can confer protection against the onset of the disease.
Stress and diabetes.

Stress is any feeling that bothers you or puts a strain on your body or mind. Some people describe stress as an uncomfortable feeling of tension. Others describe it as a feeling of excitement and challenge. Stress is a part of everyday life and everyone has it. Life is not perfect and many of its challenges can be stressful. Stress can be both good and bad: • Examples of “good” stress include getting married, the birth of a grandchild, or a promotion. These types of stress can add interest and excitement to your life. • Examples of “bad” stress include traffic tickets, doing poorly on a test in school, going through a divorce, or the death of a loved one. These types of stress can be upsetting and hard to deal with.
Thixotropy: a novel explanation for the cause of lagophthalmos after peripheral facial nerve palsy

One of the major complications of a peripheral facial nerve palsy (PFP) is the occurrence of corneal ulceration due to lagophthalmos—that is, incomplete closure of the affected eyelid. It is widely accepted that lagophthalmos after PFP is directly caused by paresis of the orbicularis oculi muscle (eyelid closure muscle). Yet, some of the signs and symptoms, which may be observed in patients with PFP cannot be explained by paresis …
The Function and Interrelationships of T‐Cell Receptors, Ir Genes and Other Histocompatibility Gene Products

In the past decade the scope of our understanding of mechanisms of immune responses at the cellular level has broadened considerably. Certain areas of investigation have been particularly fruitful in justifying an attempt to integrate various phenomena into a cogent working theory of cellular and molecular events involved in recognitive and regulatory processes in the immune system. First, the critical importance of the macrophages and possibly other accessory cells in antigen presentation for development of immune responses has been clearly elucidated {Unanue 1972). Second, the discovery of the role of thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes in governing induction and regulation of the responses of other T cells and of bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes has not only opened many new avenues for experimentation but also has forced upon us a complex conceptual framework in which to consider our phenomenological data (Miller & Mitchell 1969, Claman & Chaperon 1969, Katz & Benacerraf 1972). In this regard the delineation of the carrier recognition function of T cells and the growing awareness that their regulatory role spans a continuing spectrum ranging from suppression at one end to enhancement at the other have been particularly enlightening (Katz & Benacerraf 1972). Third, the discovery and identification of histocompatibility-hnked (H-linked) immune response (Ir) genes and their apparent role in the recognition functions of T lymphocytes provided the initial impetus to consider the existence of a comparably