Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Femoroacetabular Impingement Contribute to the Development of Hip Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been linked to specific patterns of cartilage damage. The goal of this systematic review is to answer the following questions: (1) Does FAI contribute to the development and progression of hip osteoarthritis (OA)? (2) If FAI does contribute to the development and progression of hip OA, does CAM-type or pincer-type impingement play a greater role? A search of the electronic databases, MEDLINE and EMBASE, was performed to identify relevant studies performed between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2015 that link the pathophysiology of OA to FAI. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed by 2 reviewers using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies criteria. An intraclass correlation coefficient with 95% confidence intervals was used to determine agreement between reviewers on quality scores. Overall 35 studies were identified that met inclusion criteria. Certain morphologic features of CAM-type FAI, particularly elevated alpha angle, do seem to predispose select patients to radiographic progression of hip OA. In comparison with pincer-type impingement, the association between CAM-type impingement and hip OA is better understood. Long-term surgical outcome studies will further delineate the role of FAI in the development and progression of hip OA.
Patterns of Obstetrical Care in Single‐Hospital, Rural Counties

This study used logistic regression to identify differences in community-level characteristics of small, rural hospitals that provided obstetrical services compared to those that did not. The hypothesis was that community characteristics, such as demographics, geographic location, and socioeconomic status influence the ability of rural hospitals to sustain obstetrical services locally. The sample included small (fewer than 100 beds) non-federal, general, acute-care hospitals that were the only hospitals in their nonmetropolitan counties with fewer than 50,000 people in 1989 (n = 963). Data came from the Area Resource File and the American Hospital Association 1989 Survey. The results suggest that: 1) hospitals in the South are much less likely to offer obstetrical services; 2) hospitals in counties with higher socioeconomic status, measured by unemployment rate and percentage of the population who are white, have an in– creased likelihood of providing obstetrics; 3) hospital ownership has a relatively strong association with the provision of obstetrical services; and 4) the same characteristics that predict a hospital has obstetrical services do a poor job at predicting which hospitals do not offer those services. These results encourage researchers to examine areas where hospitals do not provide obstetrical care, and to investigate the dynamic between community characteristics and provider and consumer behavior. This study suggests to policymakers that targeting vulnerable communities and promoting regional and alternative modes of delivering obstetrical services may be effective means to ensuring that rural women have equitable access to obstetrical care.
PHENOTYPE FIXATION AND GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY IN THE COMPLEX LIFE CYCLE OF THE APHID PEMPHIGUS BETAE

The aphid Pemphigus betae typically shows a complex life cycle, with annual alternation between cottonwood trees, where it forms leaf galls, and herbaceous plants, where it lives on roots. Distinct phenotypes are associated with each phase. In a population in Utah, aphid clones vary in their tendencies to undergo the cottonwood phase of the life cycle, with certain clones rarely producing the winged migrants that initiate the cottonwood phase. To examine the extent of genotypic variability in life cycle traits and to determine the consequences of phase deletion for fitness in the remaining phase of the life cycle, I compared performances of sets of clones that differed in their tendencies to delete the cottonwood phase. Performances of 35 aphid clones were compared on root hosts in the laboratory, by quantifying size (a correlate of fecundity), developmental time, and mortality for clonal sublines. Clones that tend to delete the cottonwood phase and remain on roots developed faster, showed lower mortality, and were larger as compared to clones that tend to undergo an annual migration to cottonwood. These laboratory comparisons of individual clones agree with earlier findings from field experiments. Performance also varied significantly among clones within sets, with the set of clones not previously subjected to selection on root hosts showing higher variance than clones isolated following selection in the root‐inhabiting phase.
“Why Not Stoichiometry” Versus “Stoichiometry—Why Not?” Part II: GATES in Context with Redox Systems

Redox equilibria and titration play an important role in chemical analysis, and the formulation of an accurate mathematical description is a challenge. This article is devoted to static and (mainly) dynamic redox systems; the dynamic systems are represented by redox titrations. An overview addresses earlier approaches to static redox systems (redox diagram plots, including Pourbaix diagrams) and to titration redox systems, thereby covering a gap in the literature. After this short review, the generalized approach to electrolytic systems (GATES) is introduced, with generalized electron balance (GEB) as its inherent part within GATES/GEB. Computer simulation, performed according to GATES/GEB, enables following the changes in potential and pH of the solution, together with chemical speciation at each step of a titration, thus providing better insight into this procedure. The undeniable advantages of GATES/GEB over earlier approaches are indicated. Formulation of GEB according to two approaches (I and II) is presented on the respective examples. A general criterion distinguishing between non-redox and redox systems is presented. It is indicated that the formulation of GEB according to Approach II does not need the knowledge of oxidation degrees of particular elements; knowledge of the composition, expressed by chemical formula of the species and its charge, is sufficient for this purpose. Approach I to GEB, known also as the “short” version of GEB, is applicable if oxidation degrees for all elements of the system are known beforehand. The roles of oxidants and reductants are not ascribed to particular components forming a system and to the species thus formed. This is the complete opposite of earlier approaches to redox titrations, based on the stoichiometric redox reaction, formulated for this purpose. GEB, perceived as a law of matter conservation, is fully compatible with other (charge and concentration) balances related to the system in question. The applicability of GATES/GEB in optimization a priori of chemical analyses made with use of redox titration is indicated. The article is illustrated with many examples of static and dynamic redox systems. The related plots are obtained from calculations made according to iterative computer programs. This way, GATES/GEB enables seeing details invisible in real experiments.
Chronotropic response during exercise and recovery in men with mild systolic chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUND AND AIM Pattern of heart rate (HR) changes during exercise and recovery is deranged in patients with cardiovascular disease, being considered as an independent predictor of poor outcome. This issue has been poorly examined in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), particularly in the early stages of this syndrome. METHODS Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) was performed in 54 men with sinus rhythm with mild stable systolic CHF in NYHA class I-II (age 57±12 years, LVEF 31±8%) and in 27 male volunteers without CHF (age 54±8 years, LVEF 67±7%). Apart from peak oxygen consumption (peakVO2), chronotropic response was evaluated using the following parameters: peak heart rate (HR) expressed in absolute values (maxHR) and age-predicted maximal values (%maxHR), HR increase during exercise (ΔHR), chronotropic index (CI=ΔHR/predicted ΔHR) and a regression coefficient of a linear function between HR and time during exercise (HR-time slope). Chronotropic response was also evaluated during recovery based on a regression coefficient of a linear function between HR and time during the first three-min of recovery (HR-time slope) and HR decrease after 90 s (HRR90), 120 s (HRR120) and 180 s (HRR180) from peak exercise. RESULTS Men with CHF in NYHA II and I class demonstrated impaired chronotropic response to exercise as compared to control peers: NYHA II vs NYHA I vs control: maxHR 122±24 vs 154±25 vs 166±13 bpm, all p<0.05; %maxHR 76±14 vs 91±11 vs 101±7%, all p<0.001; ΔHR 48±20 vs 75±20 vs 91±14 bpm, all p<0.01; HR-time slope during exercise 5.6±2.2 vs 6.5±2.6 vs 8.3±1.2, all p<0.01 (NYHA I vs NYHA II, p>0.2); CI 0.56±0.36 vs 0.85±0.21 vs 1.02±0.13, all p<0.01; HR-time slope during three-min of recovery -14.0±7.0 vs -19.2±5.1 vs -23.5±3.8, p<0.05 (NYHA I vs control p>0.2); HRR90 30±17 vs 44±14 vs 49±9 bpm, p<0.05 (NYHA I vs control p>0.2); HRR120 35±8 vs 51±13 vs 59±9 bpm, all p<0.05; HRR180 41±17 vs 57±15 vs 68±10 bpm, all p<0.01. In CHF men, impaired peakVO2 was related to HR response to exercise (r=0.60, p<0.001) and recovery (r=0.50, p<0.001). Abnormal HR response to recovery correlated also to high NT-proBNP (r=0.33, p<0.05). In 13 men with CHF in whom CPX was performed twice between 17±11 days, variability coefficients for analysed parameters of chronotropic response ranged 8-15%. CONCLUSIONS Parameters reflecting the chronotropic response to exercise and recovery are characterised by a good reproducibility, hence may be useful in the clinical assessment of patients with CHF. There is a marked reduction of chronotropic response in patients in the early stages of CHF, which may be another mechanism limiting exercise capacity.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection in endemic areas

Abstract Background: To determine the seroprevalence, latent infection rate and risk factors for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the general population of the Western region of Anhui Province of China from 1 September to 31 December 2014. Methods: Twelve villages with the highest rates of endemic SFTS infection were selected from six towns in two counties in the western region of Anhui Province. Blood samples were collected and tested for the presence of SFTSV-IgG antibodies by ELISA. Each participant was interviewed using a structured questionnaire before blood collection. Participants with seropositive specimens were further investigated using another structured questionnaire. Results: Of 2126 blood specimens collected, 99 (4.66%) were seropositive for SFTSV. None of the participants had been diagnosed with SFTS before the blood collection or were accompanied by fever, thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia after blood collection. Multivariate logistic regression model analysis revealed living in areas of uncontrolled vegetation growth, long-term residents of the locality and tick bites as high risk factors for SFTSV infection. Conclusions: The overall seroprevalence of SFTSV is higher in the western region of Anhui, possibly due to latent infection, with the main risk factors being living in areas of uncontrolled vegetation growth, long-term residents of the locality and tick bites. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the modes of SFTS virus transmission, while vector management, education on tick bite prevention and personal hygiene management should be implemented for high risk groups in endemic areas.
Measuring Skewness Premia

Abstract We provide a new methodology to empirically investigate the respective roles of systematic and idiosyncratic skewness in explaining expected stock returns. Using a large number of predictors, we forecast the cross-sectional ranks of systematic and idiosyncratic skewness, which are easier to predict than their actual values. Compared to other measures of ex ante systematic skewness, our forecasts create a significant spread in ex post systematic skewness. A predicted systematic skewness risk factor carries a significant and robust risk premium that ranges from 6% to 12% per year. In contrast, the role of idiosyncratic skewness in pricing stocks is less robust.
Distribution of Intracortical Porosity in Human Midfemoral Cortex by Age and Gender

The purpose of this study was to describe the age‐specific distribution of midfemoral intracortical porosity throughout the cortical width in males and females. Microradiography and an automated image analysis system were used to study midfemoral cortical bone specimens from 163 white people, including 77 males and 86 females, in a recent anthropological collection covering a broad age range. In each specimen, porosity (percentage of the cortical bone area occupied by pores), pore number, and pore size were measured throughout the entire cortex and in three cortical subregions of equal width labeled the periosteal, midcortical, and endosteal subregions. For each gender, relationships linking age to porosity, pore number, and mean pore size were assessed using regression analysis. In addition, age‐ and site‐related changes in these three variables were tested for significance using two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Age explained 52% of the porosity variance in females and 13.5% in males. In each gender, there were significant age‐ and site‐related differences in porosity, pore number, and pore size. In adults aged 60 years or younger, both pore size and pore number increased with increasing age, whereas in adults older than 60 years, pore size continued to increase but pore number decreased. In males, the age‐related changes in pore size and pore number were proportionally similar in the three cortical subregions. In females, in contrast, the changes predominated in the endosteal subregion and resulted in significant cortical thinning.
R&D Project Valuation Considering Changes of Economic Environment: A Case of a Pharmaceutical R&D Project

R&D project valuation is important for effective R&D portfolio management through decision making, related to the firm’s R&D productivity, sustainable management. In particular, scholars have emphasized the necessities of capturing option value in R&D and developed methods of real option valuation. However, despite suggesting various real option models, there are few studies on simultaneously employing mean-reverting stochastic process and Markov regime switching to describe the evolution of cash flow and to reflect time-varying parameters resulting from changes of economic environment. Therefore, we suggest a mean-reverting binomial lattice model under Markov regime switching and apply it to evaluate clinical development with project cases of the pharmaceutical industry. This study finds that decision making can be different according to the regime condition, thus the suggested model can capture risks caused by the uncertainty of the economic environment, represented by regime switching. Further, this study simulates the model according to rate parameter from 0.00 to 1.00 and risk-free interest rates for regimes 1 and 2 from ( r 1 = 4%, r 2 = 2%) to ( r 1 = 7%, r 2 = 5%), and confirms the rigidity of the model. Therefore, in practice, the mean-reverting binomial lattice model under Markov regime switching proposed in this study for R&D project valuation contributes to assisting company R&D project managers make effective decision making considering current economic environment and future changes.
Toujours pas de chrysanthèmes pour les variables lourdes de la participation électorale: Chute de la participation et augmentation des inégalites électorales au printemps 2017

francaisEn prenant appui sur l’Enquete participation electorale 2017 de l’Insee, donc sur des donnees d’une particuliere solidite qui echappent au biais de selection, d’auto-selection et de declaration, les auteurs montrent que la hausse de l’abstention enregistree au cours de la sequence electorale 2017 – reelle mais contenue a la presidentielle, spectaculaire pour les legislatives – n’est pas porteuse d’un processus d’egalisation des citoyens devant le vote. Au contraire, les inegalites socio-demographiques de participation n’ont fait que s’accroitre au cours de la derniere decennie. Elles sont en premier lieu la consequence des inegalites de scolarisation. La pertinence du modele sociologique d’explication de la participation s’en trouve largement confirmee. EnglishBuilding on the Voter Turnout Survey 2017 conducted by Insee, and consequently based on data integrity out of selection bias, self-selection or declaration, the authors show that the increase of abstention during the 2017 election cycle – real but relatively contained for the presidential election, dramatic for the parliamentary elections – doesn’t lead to an equal voting process for all the citizens. On the contrary, the socio-demographic inequalities in participation have continued to rise during the last decade. There are first the result of inequalities in education. The continued relevance of the sociological model explaining the participation has been broadly confirmed.
Placebo-controlled study of the effects of atomoxetine on bladder control in children with nocturnal enuresis.

INTRODUCTION Nocturnal enuresis is a condition in which children at least 5 years of age are incontinent of urine at night. Atomoxetine, a potent inhibitor of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter, is used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study tested the hypothesis that atomoxetine will provide significant therapeutic benefit for nocturnal enuresis in patients with the diagnosis of nocturnal enuresis. METHODS Atomoxetine's efficacy for improving nocturnal enuresis was studied in 87 pediatric subjects using an outpatient, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study. Efficacy was determined by measuring the mean number of dry nights per week using an intent-to-treat analysis of the primary outcome measure, the Dry Night Log-Parent Report (DNL-PR), a daily parent diary. RESULTS Baseline and end point DNL-PR data were available from 42 atomoxetine-treated and 41 placebo-treated subjects. Atomoxetine increased the average number of dry nights per week by 1.47 compared with . 60 for placebo (F = 7.06; df = (1, 75); p = 0.01). Fifteen atomoxetine-treated subjects (35.7%) had an increase of at least 2 dry nights per week compared with only 6 (14.6%) placebo-treated subjects (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.042). There were no significant differences in adverse events between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo, atomoxetine treatment was associated with a significant increase in dry nights in children with nocturnal enuresis.
Microsurgery in gaining paediatric vascular access for haemodialysis

One hundred and one surgical procedures performed in children for construction and maintenance of vascular accesses for haemodialysis were retrospectively analyzed. There were 86 operations performed to create a new fistula in patients without vascular access or with nonrecoverable failed angioaccess. Fifteen surgical procedures were performed to treat fistula complications. The new fistulas were radiocephalic n = 60 (70%), ulnar‐basilic n = 5 (5.8%), antecubital n = 9 (10.3%), and PTFE grafts n = 12 (14%). Microsurgical techniques were used in all cases, including PTFE graft fistulas. A microscope was used in 56 cases (55.4%) and magnifying loupes (× 2.5 magnification) in the rest of the operations. Early‐failure rate for radiocephalic fistulas was 10%. Cumulative patency rates in radiocephalic fistulas were 79%, 75%, and 70% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. No statistical differences were found from the cumulative patency curve of 730 radial‐cephalic fistulas performed in adults during the same period of time. Radiocephalic fistulas can be constructed in most paediatric cases using microsurgical technique. Elbow fistulas can be the second‐choice vascular access, and PTFE grafts can be reserved for children with exhaustion of autologous veins. Brachial‐jugular PTFE grafts can be used in cases of subclavian vein stenosis. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Infant Mortality in North Carolina, 2008–2009

BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate whether racial and ethnic disparities in infant mortality still exist in North Carolina and to examine predictors of infant mortality using the North Carolina Vital Statistics Dataverse. METHODS This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study that included all 257,543 births in North Carolina in 2008–2009. Infant mortality was assessed based on birth records included in the database. Infant births and deaths were summarized by demographic and maternal/infant characteristics. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to jointly assess predictors of infant mortality. RESULTS The overall infant mortality rate in North Carolina was 0.8%. Adjusting for confounders through the construction and assessment of a multivariate logistic regression model, statistically significant associations were found between infant mortality and each of the following: maternal race (both black and ‘other’ versus white), infant sex, both premature and preterm gestation (versus full term), birth weight (both low and high versus normal), maternal education (both less than high school graduate and more than high school versus college graduate), prenatal care (both intermediate and inadequate versus adequate), and maternal tobacco use. LIMITATIONS Maternal race was limited to white, black, and other. Data on socioeconomic status, maternal medical risk factors, and quality of prenatal care were not available. At the time of the analysis, data for years beyond 2009 were limited. CONCLUSIONS Racial disparities in infant mortality persist in North Carolina; specifically, infants of nonwhite mothers have a higher mortality rate than do infants of white mothers. Other factors that continue to play a significant role in infant mortality in North Carolina include preterm and premature births, male infant sex, low birth weight, maternal education less than college graduate, maternal tobacco use, and less than adequate prenatal care.
It's His Right, It's Her Duty: Benevolent Sexism and the Justification of Traditional Sexual Roles

This study tested the effects on social perceptions of sexual marital rights and duties of ambivalent sexist ideology and information about the benevolent sexist ideology of a husband, portrayed in a hypothetical marital vignette. In addition, the perception of whether hypothetical forced sex between husband and wife is considered rape was explored. For one half of the participants (college students), the husband was presented as high in benevolent sexism (BS); and for the other half, no information about his ideology was given. Results showed that participants in the first group ranked sexual marital rights (for him) and duties (for her) more highly, and regarded forced sex as rape to a lesser extent. Positive relationships were also found between participants’ BS and these ratings. Moreover, participants’ perceptions of marital rights and duties played a mediating role in the relationship between their BS and their perception of forced penetration as rape. Finally, an interaction was found between participants’ and husbands’ BS in the perception of marital rights and duties: The influence of participants’ BS was higher when the husband was presented as a benevolent sexist man. Results highlight the role of sexist attitudes in the interpretation of marital rape.