Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of organic food consumers' knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding labor in organic farms

Buying organic is considered by consumers as a way to “vote with their dollar” and mitigate the environmental impacts associated with conventional agricultural systems. Although large scale certified organic farms that hire labor limit workers’ exposure to known harmful pesticides, low farm worker wages coupled with higher labor demands, seasonal hiring and limitations of access to health benefits still pose concerns that are not addressed through the organic certification process. In this study, I evaluated consumer knowledge and awareness of the current organic certification process, attitudes about buying organic, and frequency of and motives for purchasing organic foods. I surveyed consumers online and in two farmers’ markets in Northern California (San Francisco Ferry Plaza and Downtown Berkeley Farmers’ Market). Consumers’ lack of knowledge about organic certification standards suggests that their understanding of organics aligns with the popular public discourse reflecting organic products marketing strategies. Most participants value the inclusion of labor in organic certification standards, reasoning that people should be paid fairly for their labor. However, the study suggests that consumers do not necessarily purchase organics to support farm workers.
Disclosing genetic test results to family members.

PURPOSE To describe the experiences of disclosing genetic test results to biological family members among people tested for Huntington's disease (HD) or hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). DESIGN Grounded theory methodology. METHODS Open-ended, tape-recorded interviews were conducted with 29 participants-24 who had received genetic test results and 5 who had decided not to be tested. The participants were from three countries, including 15 U.S. states. Interviews occurred from 2 months to 4 years after receiving test results. Tapes were transcribed and analyzed for conceptual categories to describe the experience of disclosing genetic test results. FINDINGS Participants described the effects and meaning of disclosing test results to their various family members, and they selectively disclosed results to family members. The timing of disclosure was influenced by the particular disease and the person's perceived need to prepare. Disclosure of genetic test results brought the risk of HD and HBOC to the foreground, not only for the person tested but for family members as well. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidated the perspective of the "discloser" and the consequences they anticipated and experienced.
Greater Operative Volume Is Associated With Lower Complication Rates in Adolescent Spinal Deformity Surgery

Study Design. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the 2001 to 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. Objective. To assess complication rates in adolescent spinal deformity by surgeon operative volume for procedures with a range of complexity. Summary of Background Data. Surgeons performing higher volumes of lumbar spinal fusion have been associated with improved surgical outcomes, according to studies using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. This relationship has not been shown in adolescent spinal deformity surgery. Methods. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried for patients aged 10 to 18 years with in-hospital stays including spinal arthrodesis for scoliosis (adolescent idiopathic, neuromuscular, and congenital scoliosis). The primary end point was hospital stay morbidity: database-defined surgical, mechanical, major medical, and neurological complications. Length of stay and hospital charges were also analyzed. Annual surgeon volumes were stratified into quartiles based on number of cases (Q1: 1, Q2: 2–7, Q3: 8–19, and Q4: 20–97). To account for variation in surgical invasiveness, an operative complexity index was used. One-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences between quartiles for continuous measures and &khgr;2 for categorical measures. Results. A total of 6100 spine fusion cases met inclusion criteria for adolescent scoliosis. All complications categories were less frequent for higher volume surgeons after a primary fusion for all diagnoses. This pattern held for increasing surgical invasiveness, such as fusing 9 or more levels and became more distinct for neurological complications when comparing surgeons performing combined anterior-posterior procedures. Including all adolescent scoliosis fusions, higher surgical volume was associated with decreased length of stay and hospital charges. Conclusion. Perioperative complications after adolescent scoliosis fusion surgery are more frequent in lower volume settings. This may reflect a learning curve required for more complex cases as the trends are magnified in neuromuscular/congenital scoliosis cases or simply that higher volume surgeons are more adept at these fusions. The impact of volume on reduced length of stay and hospital charges has implications for future health care economics measures. Level of Evidence: 2
Non-iterative Symmetric Two-Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is one of the well-known schemes for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of labeled data. Recently, two-dimensional LDA (2DLDA) for matrices such as images has been reformulated into symmetric 2DLDA (S2DLDA), which is solved by an iterative algorithm. In this paper, we propose a non-iterative S2DLDA and experimentally show that the proposed method achieves comparable classification accuracy with the conventional S2DLDA, while the proposed method is computationally more efficient than the conventional S2DLDA.
Does usage level of online services matter to customers’ bank loyalty?

Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the relationship between the customer’s relative usage levels of online banking services and bank loyalty, and to examine the effect of customer satisfaction with the quality of online banking services and services’ convenience in this relationship. This study proposes a conceptual framework, integrating these factors. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from among traditional banks’ customers. The study uses a factor analysis method following path analysis, using AMOS 19 and structural equation modeling. Findings – The findings show a significant, direct and negative relationship between the relative usage level of online banking services and bank loyalty. However, a positive relationship was found to exist between bank loyalty and customer satisfaction with online service quality. An indirect positive relationship was also found to exist between services’ convenience through satisfaction with online banking service quality. Practical implications – The.
Functional neuroimaging studies of alcohol cue reactivity: a quantitative meta‐analysis and systematic review

A comprehensive understanding of the neurobiology of alcohol cue reactivity is critical in identifying the neuropathology of alcohol use disorders (AUD) and developing treatments that may attenuate alcohol craving and reduce relapse risk. Functional neuroimaging studies have identified many brain areas in which alcohol cues elicit activation. However, extant studies have included relatively small numbers of cases, with AUD of varying severity, and have employed many different cue paradigms. We used activation likelihood estimation, a quantitative, coordinate‐based meta‐analytic method, to analyze the brain areas activated by alcohol‐related cues across studies, and to examine whether these areas were differentially activated between cases and controls. Secondarily, we reviewed correlations between behavioral measures and cue‐elicited activation, as well as treatment effects on such activation. Data analyzed were from 28 studies of 679 cases and 174 controls. Among cases, alcohol cues elicited robust activation of limbic and prefrontal regions, including ventral striatum, anterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. As compared to controls, cases demonstrated greater activation of parietal and temporal regions, including posterior cingulate, precuneus and superior temporal gyrus. Cue‐elicited activation of ventral striatum was most frequently correlated with behavioral measures and most frequently reduced by treatment, but these results were often derived from region‐of‐interest analyses that interrogated only limbic regions. These findings support long‐standing theories of mesolimbic involvement in alcohol cue processing, but suggest that cue‐elicited activation of other brain areas may more clearly differentiate cases from controls. Prevention and treatment for AUD should consider interventions that may reduce cue‐elicited activation of these areas.
Facilitators of and barriers to return to work after mild traumatic brain injury: A thematic analysis

ABSTRACT Individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may experience protracted symptoms affecting their ability to work. Several actors may facilitate or act as a barrier to a successful return to work (RTW). This qualitative study used semi-structured in-depth interviews with 22 adults with mTBI at 2–5 years post injury, targeting experiences of how different actors facilitated or acted as a barrier in the RTW process, and encompassed the mTBI trajectory from the acute phase to the post-acute phase. A thematic analysis with a hermeneutical phenomenological approach was used to analyse data. Three main themes emerged. (1) Worker–employer relationship: Workplace accommodations such as decreased working hours, modified working conditions, and support from co-workers were lacking. (2) The role of the general practitioner: The general practitioner was lacking treatment and referral opportunities and failed to provide the patient with relevant and individualized guidance. (3) Municipal case management: Participants perceived being met with distrust by social workers, follow-up assessments were too frequent, unnecessary, and did not target concussion, and rehabilitation was referred too late. Clinical practice guidelines to improve referral to relevant concussion rehabilitation in case of persistent symptoms are needed to inform clinicians, employers, and public institutions to facilitate a successful RTW.
Trade, Labour Institutions and Flexibility in Indian Manufacturing

There has been increasing ‘flexibilisation,’ in the formal labour markets of both developed and developing countries. Labour institutions and globalisation are often taken to be causally related to this phenomenon, but the evidence remains inconclusive. In India, there has been an increasing use of temporary workers employed through contractors (contract workers), who are not represented by trade unions and who do not fall under the purview of the labour laws that are applicable to directly employed workers (formal workers) in formal labour markets. We develop a model of labour demand where firms choose a mix of contract workers and formal workers, rather than formal workers alone. Then we test the model using state-industry-year panel data for Indian manufacturing from 1998 to 2005. We find that both pro-worker labour institutions and increased import penetration lead to greater use of contract labour in Indian manufacturing.
miRNA panels as biomarkers for bladder cancer.

AIM Specific miRNA profiles have been identified for several samples from patients with bladder cancer. The results are not always congruent and partly contradictory. A comparison of published data was performed to select potential markers. MATERIALS & METHODS A literature search in PubMed identified 79 articles published prior to June 2013. Reports regarding the detection of miRNAs in urine and blood have rarely been published; to date, nine respectively three articles are available. RESULTS The comparison of published data proved the utility of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of bladder cancer. In urine samples from bladder cancer patients, seven miRNAs were concordantly expressed with tumor tissues. CONCLUSION Standardization is strictly required in pre-analytics and methods of miRNA measurements.
Undergraduates’ Needs and Seeking Behaviour: A Preliminary Study

Information seeking behaviour refers to the process of how individual identify their information needs, search and use the information identified to support their work. Understanding the needs and seeking for information from different types of information sources is very important to student in completing their research activities. This paper presents findings from a preliminary study of undergraduate students’ information seeking behaviour and their need of information for their research project. The aim of this study is to identify their information seeking behaviour in finding the required information that meet their information needs. A survey was carried out and thirty nine final year students from two related Information Technology (IT) programs in a Higher Learning Institution in Malaysia returns the questionnaires. Findings indicate that information about development tools was the most important information needed by the students for finishing research project. In searching for required information, Google search engine was found to be the most widely used by the students. Furthermore, most students preferred to use the electronic information sources to search information due to the variety of information available on the Web.
Pituicytoma, Spindle Cell Oncocytoma, and Granular Cell Tumor: Clarification and Meta-Analysis of the World Literature since 1893

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pituicytoma, SCO, and GCT are poorly understood entities with confusing nomenclature and undetermined imaging characteristics. Our purpose was to confirm published cases of pituicytoma, SCO, and GCT with the newest 2007 World Health Organization criteria and elucidate imaging findings that distinguish these tumors from common entities such as pituitary adenoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search identified 145 published cases (81 GCTs, 48 pituicytomas, and 16 SCOs). Case diagnoses were blindly reviewed by a neuropathologist according to the latest WHO criteria, resulting in 112 pathologically documented cases (64 GCTs, 35 pituicytomas, and 13 SCOs). Imaging illustrations from proved cases were reviewed to determine location, configuration, attenuation and signal intensity, and enhancement characteristics. RESULTS: Only pituicytomas presented as purely intrasellar lesions (7/33). Most GCTs were purely suprasellar (28/45). All SCOs were both intra- and suprasellar (13/13). Twenty-five percent of pituicytomas (6/22) and GCTs (7/30) appeared separate from the pituitary gland. All SCOs were infiltrating. Seventy-nine percent of entities appeared isointense to brain on T1-weighted image (34/43). Seventy-four percent of pituicytomas enhanced homogeneously (14/19). Twelve of 23 GCTs and 5/7 SCOs enhanced heterogeneously. Most GCTs were hyperattenuated to brain on CT (18/20). Eleven of 13 cases enhanced homogeneously. Visual disturbances were common symptoms for all entities (67/112). Diabetes insipidus was rare (4/112). CONCLUSIONS: Pituicytoma may be considered for purely intrasellar masses that are clearly separate from the pituitary gland. GCT should receive consideration for purely suprasellar lesions that are hyperattenuated to brain on CT. SCO should be considered for infiltrating pituitary masses with a mixed intra- and suprasellar location. A history of diabetes insipidus helps to exclude these tumors.
The Determinants of Nonfinancial Information Disclosure in Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A)

The significance of intangible assets in a knowledge-based economy and the decrease in value-relevance of financial information increase the demand for nonfinancial information disclosure. In this regard, we examine the determinants of the nonfinancial information disclosed in the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A). Whereas prior studies investigate the level of voluntary disclosure, we examine the level of nonfinancial information. We conduct a contents analysis, using a modified computational linguistic program. Using the frequency of nonfinancial information, we find that firms with more intangible assets, higher quality of board monitoring, and larger size disclose more nonfinancial information in MD&A.
Reviewing the Definitions of "Lurkers" and Some Implications for Online Research

Little research focuses on lurking in the online environment or considers lurking as a valid and important form of online behavior. This may be due to the fact that there are a number of definitions, and most of them focus on a lack of participation or contribution or see it as a problematic behavior that needs to be changed. Such definitions have given lurkers a negative connotation. They need to be considered as an important factor in online research, starting with a clearer and more positive definition of lurking. It is also necessary to understanding why users decide to lurk, what activities lurkers engage in, and whether the online environment is more valuable by turning lurkers into posters.
Examination of Self-selection Bias and Big N 1 Audit Fee Premiums-Evidence from Norway 2

Prior study (Firth 1997) examines Big N audit fee premiums by adding a “big auditor” indicator variable in the audit fee determination model. But this dummy variable may be endogenous and cause self-selection bias because clients may not be randomly assigned across Big N and non-Big N auditors (Ireland and Lennox 2002; Chaney et al. 2004). In this paper we first run the ordinary least square (OLS) regression of the audit fee determination model, and Big N audit fee premiums are identified across years. To examine self-selection bias, we employ a Heckman model and a treatment effects model, estimated by both two-step and full maximum likelihood approaches. Results show Big N audit fee premiums across years for Norwegian audit market.
Financing Intangible Capital

Firms finance intangible investment through employee compensation contracts. In a dynamic model in which intangible capital is embodied in a firm's employees, we analyze the firm's optimal decisions of intangible investment, employee compensation contracts, and financial leverage. Employee financing is achieved by delaying wage payments in the form of future claims. We document that intangible capital investment is highly correlated with employee financing, but not with debt issuance or regular equity refinancing. In the quantitative analysis, we show that this new channel of employee financing can explain the cross-industry differences in leverage and financing patterns.
Expression level of valosin-containing protein is strongly associated with progression and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.

PURPOSE Valosin-containing protein (VCP; also known as p97) was shown to be associated with antiapoptotic function and metastasis via activation of nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway. In this study, association of VCP expression with recurrence of gastric carcinoma (GC), in which lymphatic vessels are the main route of spread, was examined. PATIENTS AND METHODS VCP expression in 330 patients with GC (242 males and 88 females) with ages ranging from 26 to 81 years (median, 60 years) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, in which staining intensity in tumor cells was categorized as weaker (level 1) or equal to or stronger (level 2) than that in endothelial cells. RESULTS Ninety-four (28.7%) patient cases showed level 1 and 233 patient cases (71.3%) showed level 2 VCP expression. Patients with level 2 expression showed higher rates of large tumor size (P <.0001), undifferentiated histologic subtype (P <.05), presence of vascular and lymphatic invasion (P <.0001 for both), presence of lymph node metastasis (P <.0001), deep tumor invasion (P <.0001), and poorer disease-free and overall survivals (P <.0001 for both) compared with those with level 1 VCP expression. Multivariate analysis revealed VCP expression level as an independent prognosticator for disease-free and overall survival. VCP level was an indicator for disease-free and overall survival in the early (pT1; P <.01 and P <.05, respectively) and advanced (pT2-4; P <.05 for both) group of pathologic tumor-node-metastasis system classification. CONCLUSION The prognostic significance of VCP expression level in GC was demonstrated.
PREVALENCE OF MENTAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS IN INDIA : A META-ANALYSIS

Sir, A 57 years, male patients, frequently treated with antipsychotics in past for manic episodes, was kept on carbamazepine maintenance therapy 600 mg per day since three months. Relatives called for emergency home visit with complaints of restlessness. Not sleeping since three days, itching all over body and breathlessness. On examination there was pilling of skin all over body, multiple bruises and scratches, oedema feet-pitting on pressure, legs like elephants, patient was grasping for air and shouting for distress, enable to seat for a few minutes, had multiple ronchi and rales on respiratory auscultation. Patient was immediately hospitalized, physician and dermatologist were called. Other systemic examinations and investigations were inconclusive include Hb, TLC, DLC, Platelet count, Blood Urea, USG Abdomen, X-Ray Chest, fundus.
Human Resource Management Implications of Terrorist Threats to Firms in the Supply Chain

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between employee sensitivity to terrorism and employee attitudes in supply chain firms located in an environment with ongoing terrorist threat. Implications for human resource management in supply chain firms and future directions for research are discussed.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on questionnaire data collected from 898 managers in Sri Lanka. Included in the paper are manufacturing and service firms that constitute integral parts of global supply chains such as garment and textile firms, software solutions firms, and import‐export trading firms. Correlation analysis is used to examine the relationship between variables.Findings – The results generally indicate a statistically significant negative relationship between employee sensitivity to terrorism and employee attitudes toward the organization, team, and job. Results vary by sector and industry, with a comparatively strong negative association between employee .
The Impact of PCAOB-Type Regulations on Auditors Under Different Legal Systems

This article analyzes the impact of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)-type regulatory oversight and legal liability on audit quality and social surplus. We show the conditions under which regulatory oversight can improve audit quality and social surplus, as compared with the impact of legal systems. Moreover, we demonstrate that regulatory oversight is not likely to substitute effectively for a legal system. This is the first study that analyzes the possible effects of an audit regulator on auditors under different legal systems, and our results enhance understanding of the complex relationship between regulatory oversight, a legal system, and social surplus.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN JAPAN: ANALYZING THE PARTICIPATING COMPANIES IN GLOBAL REPORTING INITIATIVE

Following the US and Europe, Japan is now becoming aware of the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). In fact, Japan has become the country with the largest number of participants in Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), which is currently the most acknowledged reporting system of CSR in the world. However, the mere number of the participants does not tell much. The Japanese approach to CSR may well differ from the Western approach, given various differences in their socio-economic characteristics. Against this background, two empirical tests are conducted. The identification of the characteristics of the Japanese adopters of GRI Guidelines implies the erosion of the traditional corporate-centered system of that country both from outside and from inside. On the other hand, the manner of adoption is found to be quite different between Japan and the West, which may be a sign of cultural or systematic resistance to total convergence.