Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of permanent anterior tooth fracture due to trauma in South Indian population

Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of permanent anterior teeth fracture due to trauma in South Indian population. Materials and Methods: After formal consent, study was conducted on 2000 patients reporting for treatment in A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences and Rural Satellite Centers from June to December 2013. They were examined under good illumination using sterilized mouth mirror, explorer and cotton rolls. Results were evaluated using Pearson Chi-square test. Results: Of 2000 patients, overall prevalence of anterior teeth fracture due to trauma was 14.85%, 53.9% cases were noticed in the age group of 15-30 years, 20.2% cases in an age group of 12-15 years. Of 14.85% (297) cases, 53.9% males and 46.1% females had anterior teeth fracture, 88.67% cases were with respect to maxillary arch and 11.33% cases were with respect to mandibular arch. 43.9% patients had enamel and dentin fracture, only enamel fracture was seen in 31.6% patients and the least was 6.01% which showed displacement of tooth without crown or root fracture, 67% were because of falls and rest of the 33% of patients had anterior tooth fracture because of violence, sports and traffic accidents, 71.42% cases had fracture with maxillary central incisor. Furthermore, 59.6% cases were seen with Class II Division I malocclusion. Conclusions: In the present study we noticed that fall was the most frequent cause and are seen more in males with an increased prevalence in 15-30 years of age. Furthermore, fracture of maxillary central incisor was most common and among all, fractures involving enamel and dentin were most common.
Carer support groups: the effects of organizational factors on the character of groups

Carer support groups are recognized as being a service aimed directly at meeting the needs of informal carers. Previous research has shown the value of carer groups in offering emotional support and information. This frequently, and probably most effectively, takes place informally between members of the group. This paper describes a study of six carer support groups in Glasgow. Support groups vary considerably in their organization. The factors common to all the groups included in this study were that they were local groups and they were all directly supported by a professional worker from the social work department. Two of the groups were off-shoots of day centres. The other four groups were free standing: two were generic (open to all types of carers), two were specific to a particular client group. Previous studies have tended to be evaluations of particular support groups rather than comparisons of a number of groups. This paper examines the impact of certain organizational factors of carer support groups on the character of the groups and the effect this has on indicators of group effectiveness. The results of the Glasgow study suggest that the character of the group and its outcomes for group members is indeed related to aspects of group organization. The groups' links with service providers, and whether the group had a specific or generic client group focus were considered relevant factors.
Evolution of the Software-as-a-Service Innovation System through Collective Intelligence

One of the notable trends in the software industry is that software vendors provide their software on a platform as a service. Software users consume those software services or compose new services by combining those existing software services. The software vendors, their services, software users, and the platform represent an open innovation system. Collective intelligence is the underlying mechanism for the cooperation between the users of the system, i.e. their continuous reuse of existing software services for the creation of new services. A successfully working software services system is a system that is continuously adapted by its users to meet their needs. The evolution of this software-as-a-service (SaaS) innovation system and the behavior of SaaS users within this system are still unknown. In this paper, we describe the evolution of a SaaS network. The SaaS network consists of nodes (i.e. software services with open interfaces) and links (i.e. the co-development relationships of software services with open interfaces). The results suggest that the SaaS network has gradually grown into a scale-free network with a slight concavity in its cumulative degree distribution. The results also suggest that the topology characteristics are invariant over time except for the early time periods. Furthermore, the results suggest that the SaaS network is not as open (i.e. inter-operable) as its technology let us expect. Considering these results, we imply that SaaS innovation is achieved by platform providers striving to capture users with a few, leading SaaS services. That means, SaaS innovation is not achieved through the possibilities of potential combinations between any kind of SaaS services as could be expected theoretically. These findings are expected to stir further research on the actual structure of open innovation systems that are driven by collective intelligence.
RADIOSURGERY AS DEFINITIVE MANAGEMENT OF INTRACRANIAL MENINGIOMAS

OBJECTIVEStereotactic radiosurgery has become an important primary or adjuvant minimally invasive management strategy for patients with intracranial meningiomas with the goals of long-term tumor growth prevention and maintenance of patient neurological function. We evaluated clinical and imaging outcomes of meningiomas stratified by histological tumor grade. METHODSThe patient cohort consisted of 972 patients with 1045 intracranial meningiomas managed during an 18-year period. The series included 70% women, 49% of whom had undergone a previous resection and 5% of whom had received previous fractionated radiation therapy. Tumor locations included middle fossa (n = 351), posterior fossa (n = 307), convexity (n = 126), anterior fossa (n = 88), parasagittal region (n = 113), or other (n = 115). RESULTSThe overall control rate for patients with benign meningiomas (World Health Organization Grade I) was 93%. In those without previous histological confirmation (n = 482), tumor control was 97%. However, for patients with World Health Organization Grade II and III tumors, tumor control was 50 and 17%, respectively. Delayed resection after radiosurgery was necessary in 51 patients (5%) at a mean of 35 months. After 10 years, Grade 1 tumors were controlled in 91% (n = 53); in those without histology, 95% (n = 22) were controlled. None of the patients developed a radiation-induced tumor. The overall morbidity rate was 7.7%. Symptomatic peritumoral imaging changes developed in 4% of the patients at a mean of 8 months. CONCLUSIONStereotactic radiosurgery provided high rates of tumor growth control or regression in patients with benign meningiomas with low risk. This study confirms the role of radiosurgery as an effective management choice for patients with small to medium-sized symptomatic, newly diagnosed or recurrent meningiomas of the brain.
Pasireotide and octreotide antiproliferative effects and sst2 trafficking in human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cultures.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) raise difficult therapeutic problems despite the emergence of targeted therapies. Somatostatin analogs (SSA) remain pivotal therapeutic drugs. However, the tachyphylaxis and the limited antitumoral effects observed with the classical somatostatin 2 (sst2) agonists (octreotide and lanreotide) led to the development of new SSA, such as the pan sst receptor agonist pasireotide. Our aim was to compare the effects of pasireotide and octreotide on cell survival, chromogranin A (CgA) secretion, and sst2 phosphorylation/trafficking in pancreatic NET (pNET) primary cells from 15 tumors. We established and characterized the primary cultures of human pancreatic tumors (pNETs) as powerful preclinical models for understanding the biological effects of SSA. At clinically relevant concentrations (1-10 nM), pasireotide was at least as efficient as octreotide in inhibiting CgA secretion and cell viability through caspase-dependent apoptosis during short treatments, irrespective of the expression levels of the different sst receptors or the WHO grade of the parental tumor. Interestingly, unlike octreotide, which induces a rapid and persistent partial internalization of sst2 associated with its phosphorylation on Ser341/343, pasireotide did not phosphorylate sst2 and induced a rapid and transient internalization of the receptor followed by a persistent recycling at the cell surface. These results provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, of striking differences in the dynamics of sst2 trafficking in pNET cells treated with the two SSAs, but with similar efficiency in the control of CgA secretion and cell viability.
Somatic and limbic cortex activation in esophageal distention: A functional imaging study

Little is known about the cerebral representations of visceral sensations in humans. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we mapped the cortical areas of the human brain that were activated by mechanical stimulation of the esophagus in 5 healthy volunteers. Stimulation probes were placed into the distal part of the esophagus and inflated to produce a local distention. The cerebral activation pattern was related to the strength and quality of the stimulus. The weakest stimulus accompanied by a well‐localized albeit weak retrosternal sensation activated only the parietal opercular cortices, probably including the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII). Additional activation of the primary sensorimotor cortex (SI) at the level of the face and mouth representation as well as of the right premotor cortex was found during repetitive distention of the esophagus at 0.5 Hz. Repetitive stimulation at 1 Hz additionally activated the insulabilaterally. The strongest distention stimulus, which caused a painful retrosternal sensation, resulted in an activation of the anterior cingulate cortex. Our findings demonstrate that SII is the primary cortical target of visceral afferents originating in the esophagus. Limbic structures become engaged when the visceral senstion is unpleasant or painful.
Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor Clinical and Diagnostic Aspects

The medical charts of 162 patients who had been subjected to brain tumor surgery between 1997 and 2005 in the Institute of Neurology Deolindo Couto were reviewed. Of the 162 patients subjected to cranial intervention, 5 (3.8%) had presented criteria for the dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. Two patients had tumor in the frontal lobe, 2 in the parietal lobe, and 1 in the temporal area. The age at seizure onset ranged from 2 to 17 years. The average duration of active epilepsy preoperatively was 4 to 22 years. A review of the literature was carried out and the histologic and radiologic aspects were commented upon. Correct histologic diagnosis is important, because dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor presents an excellent prognosis, and they can be confused with other tumors.
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Analysis of Long-term Outcomes in Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus

OBJECTIVE:The response to shunt surgery for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is variable because INPH is difficult to distinguish from other conditions causing the same symptoms. To date, no clinical picture or diagnostic test can distinguish INPH or predict response to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt surgery. We reviewed our 10-year experience with INPH to characterize long-term outcome and to identify independent predictors of outcome after shunt surgery. METHODS:Patients were classified as having INPH only if they had: 1) ventriculomegaly, 2) two or more INPH clinical features, 3) no risk factor for secondary normal-pressure hydrocephalus, 4) A- or B-waves on CSF pressure monitoring, and 5) clinical improvement during a 3-day CSF drainage trial via a spinal catheter. Independent predictors of outcome were assessed via a multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS:One hundred thirty-two patients underwent 179 shunt surgeries. Forty-four (33%), 79 (60%), and 99 (75%) patients demonstrated objective improvement 3, 6, and 24 months after shunt surgery, respectively. Gait improved first in 88 (93%) patients. Dementia and urinary incontinence were twofold less likely to improve. Radiological evidence of corpus callosum distension, gait impairment as the primary symptom, and shorter duration of INPH symptoms predicted improvement. Duration of symptoms and gait as the primary symptom were independent predictors by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION:INPH can be diagnosed accurately with CSF pressure monitoring and CSF drainage via a spinal catheter. CSF shunting is safe and effective for INPH with a long-term shunt response rate of 75%. Independent predictors of improvement are the presence of gait impairment as the dominant symptom and shorter duration of symptoms.
Human seminal fluid as a source of prostate cancer-specific microRNA biomarkers.

6 1 Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Adelaide Prostate Cancer Research 7 Centre, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; 2 Freemasons Foundation 8 Centre for Men’s Health, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; 3 University 9 of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 10 4 Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, 11 Australia; 5 Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, 12 Australia, 6 School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 13 Queensland, Australia, 7 Department of Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 14 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 15
Influence of Work Type on Sickness Absence among Personnel in a Teaching Hospital

Influence of Work Type on Sickness Absence among Personnel in a Teaching Hospital: Apiradee Lim, et al. Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University—Sickness absence among hospital personnel with different work types was compared. Sickness absence records were collected for all personnel in the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, a medical school in southern Thailand with a 750‐bed teaching hospital, from October 1995 to September 1998, and analysed using descriptive statistics and negative binomial regression. Doctors and nurses recorded lower rates of short‐term sickness absence (< 3 d) than other workers. Doctors also recorded the lowest rate of long‐term absence (> 3 d), whereas other medical personnel and manual workers had higher rates of long‐term sickness absence than other workers. These differences were only slightly influenced by sex, age and marital status. Rates of short‐ term sickness absence were higher in males, older and married personnel. A higher grade of employment was associated with lower sickness absence, both short‐ and long‐term, and accounted for much of the actual differences among work types. Nevertheless, significant differences across work type remained after adjustment for socio‐demographic and other work‐related variables. The findings of this study would provide new baseline information regarding sickness absence patterns among hospital staff in this particular setting, but there is still a need to distinguish among the true reasons for reported sickness absence, particularly short‐term absence, in order to set up an appropriate health promotion programme among the staff of this hospital.
ENDOSCOPIC SUPRACEREBELLAR INFRATENTORIAL APPROACH FOR PINEAL CYST RESECTION: TECHNICAL CASE REPORT

OBJECTIVE Accepted surgical strategies to address symptomatic pineal cysts include transventricular flexible or rigid endoscopy and supracerebellar infratentorial or occipital transtentorial microsurgical approaches. We report the first application of the endoscopic supracerebellar infratentorial approach for the complete resection of a pineal cyst. Unlike transventricular endoscopy, this technique poses no risk to the fornices and can be applied independent of ventricular size. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 37-year-old woman sought treatment for intractable headaches. A thorough evaluation revealed only a pineal cyst exerting mass effect on the tectum but causing no hydrocephalus. A period of nonoperative management was unsuccessful, and the patient was referred for surgery. TECHNIQUE The patient was positioned in the semi-sitting position. The supracerebellar infratentorial corridor was accessed through a burr-hole. The pineal cyst was resected completely via the endoscope. Postoperatively, the patient's headaches resolved completely. CONCLUSION The endoscopic supracerebellar infratentorial approach involves minimal brain retraction, poses no risk to the fornices, allows visualization and avoidance of the Galenic veins, and can be performed regardless of the size of the ventricle. Consequently, it is an excellent minimally invasive surgical option for resection or fenestration of symptomatic pineal cysts.
Coalitional Beliefs in Cournot oligopoly TU Games

In cooperative games, due to computational complexity issues, deviant agents are not able to base their behavior on the outsiders' status but have to follow certain beliefs as to how it is in their strategic interest to act. This behavior constitutes the main interest of this paper. To this end, we quantify and characterize the set of coalitional beliefs that support cooperation of such agents. Assuming that they are engaged in a differentiated Cournot competition, for every belief of the deviants we define a TU-game, the solution to which characterizes the set of coalitional beliefs that support core nonemptiness. For this we fix the number of coalitions that deviants S will face to, say, j in number and introduce the notion of j-belief of S as the least number of coalitions into which the outsiders N\S will reorganize. We then define for every j-belief a TU-game and the j-belief core of it. We prove that the worth of S is minimized when the n – s agents split approximately equally among the j coalitions, while the worth of S is maximized when j – 1 agents have one member and one coalition has n – s – (j – 1) members. Given the above, we prove that when goods are substitutes, the j-belief core is nonempty, provided that S believe the N\S will form a sufficiently large number of coalitions, while when goods are complements, the j-belief core is nonempty irrespective of the beliefs of the agents in S. Finally, in the case of homogeneous goods we prove that the j-belief core is nonempty and depends only on the number of the outsider coalitions and not on their size.
Seroprevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II among Intravenous Drug Users and Persons in Clinics for Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Abstract Background. The human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type I (HTLV-I) is associated with adult T-cell leukemia and myelopathy, whereas HTLV-II infection has uncertain clinical consequences. We assessed the seroprevalence of these retroviruses among intravenous drug users and among patients seen at clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (STD clinics). Methods. We used serum samples that were collected in eight cities in 1988 and 1989 during surveys of human immunodeficiency virus infection among intravenous drug users entering treatment and persons seen in STD clinics. The serum samples were tested for antibodies to HTLV, and positive specimens were tested further by a synthetic peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to differentiate between HTLV-I and HTLV-II. Results. Among 3217 intravenous drug users in 29 drug-treatment centers, the median seroprevalence rates of HTLV varied widely according to city (range, 0.4 percent in Atlanta to 17.6 percent in Los Angeles). Seroprevalence increased .
CONTRALATERAL C7 TRANSFER VIA THE PRESPINAL AND RETROPHARYNGEAL ROUTE TO REPAIR BRACHIAL PLEXUS ROOT AVULSION: A PRELIMINARY REPORT

OBJECTIVEWe sought to investigate a shorter and safer route for contralateral C7 transfer. METHODSEight male patients were treated from December 2005 to November 2006. Their ages ranged from 22 to 43 years (average, 30 yr). Five patients had total brachial plexus avulsion. The operative delay was from 2 to 6 months (mean, 4 mo). The bilateral scalenus anterior muscles were transected before a prespinal and retropharyngeal tunnel was made. The contralateral C7 nerve root was used to repair the upper trunk or the infraclavicular lateral cord and posterior cord of the injured side via this route, with the use of direct neurorrhaphy or nerve grafting. RESULTSThe length of the harvested contralateral C7 nerve root was 4.67 ± 0.52 cm in the first five patients. The nerve graft was 6.25 ± 0.35 cm long for repairing supraclavicular brachial plexus and 8.56 ± 0.45 cm long for repairing infraclavicular brachial plexus. The length of the harvested contralateral C7 nerve root averaged 6.85 cm in the last three patients, two of whom had direct neurorrhaphy to the C5 and six residual nerve roots; in the other patient, a nerve graft 3 cm in length was used. Transient contralateral sensory symptoms were reported in most patients. In all cases, shoulder abduction and elbow flexion recovered by 12 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONTransection of the bilateral scalenus muscles can reduce the length of the nerve graft and allow the C7 nerve to be transferred more smoothly and safely through the prespinal and retropharyngeal route; this method also favors nerve regeneration and functional recovery.
Analysis of breast cancer in the Massachusetts TB fluoroscopy cohort and in the Japanese A-bomb survivors, taking account of dosimetric error and curvature in the A-bomb dose response: absence of evidence of reduction of risk following fractionated i

Breast cancer has occurred in excess among women exposed briefly to atomic bomb radiation and among those exposed repeatedly over many years to medical radiation for tuberculosis (TB). The breast cancer excess is strongly dependent on age at exposure, with risk highest among the young and small or non-existent when exposure occurs past the menopausal ages. The linear excess relative risk coefficient of breast cancer incidence in the Japanese A-bomb survivor data, however, is significantly higher (two-sided P = 0.04) than that in the Massachusetts TB fluoroscopy data; this remains the case (two-sided P = 0.03) if account is also taken of possible curvature in the A-bomb survivor dose response and random dosimetric errors. The best estimate of the ratio between the linear excess relative risk coefficients for the Japanese and Massachusetts cohorts is 2.11 (95% CI 1.05, 4.95), or 3.18 (95% CI 1.19, 8.21) if account is taken of dosimetric error and possible curvature in the A-bomb survivor data. However, this higher relative excess risk is attributable to the lower baseline risk of breast cancer among Japanese compared with the Massachusetts women, and the linear excess absolute breast cancer risk coefficients in the two data sets are statistically indistinguishable (two-sided P = 0.32). The best estimate of the ratio between the excess absolute risk coefficients among Japanese and Massachusetts women is 0.73 (95% CI 0.41, 1.44). Again, if account is also taken of possible curvature in the A-bomb survivor dose response and random dosimetric errors, these results are not substantially altered; in this case the best estimate of the ratio between the linear excess absolute risk coefficients among Japanese and Massachusetts women is 1.07 (95% CI 0.42, 2.38) (two-sided P = 0.86). These results are not sensitive to the assumed neutron relative biological effectiveness for the Japanese data, or analyses over restricted dose ranges in this data set. In general, there are no marked differences between the Massachusetts and Japanese data sets in the age and time distribution of risk of radiation-induced breast cancer. These data provide little evidence for a reduction in breast cancer risk following fractionated irradiation.