Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yellow supergiants as supernova progenitors: an indication of strong mass loss for red supergiants?

Context. The increasing number of observed supernova events allows for finding the progenitor star even more frequently in archive images. In a few cases, the progenitor star is a yellow supergiant star. The estimated position in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram of these stars is not compatible with the theoretical tracks of classical single-star models. Aims. According to several authors, the mass-loss rates during the red supergiant phase could be underestimated. We study the impact of an increase in these mass-loss rates on the position of 12 to 15 Mstars at the end of their nuclear lives, in order to reconcile the theoretical tracks with the observed yellow supergiant progenitors. Methods. We have performed calculations of 12 to 15 Mrotating stellar models using the Geneva stellar evolution code. To account for the uncertainties in the mass-loss rates during the RSG phase, we increased the mass-loss rate of the star (between 3 and 10 times the standard one) during that phase and compared the evolution of stars undergoing such high mass-loss rates with models computed with the standard mass-loss prescription. Results. We show that the final position of the models in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram depends on the mass loss they undergo during the red supergiant phase. With an increased mass-loss rate, we find that some models end their nuclear life at positions that are compatible with the observed position of several supernova progenitors. We conclude that an increased mass-loss rate (whose physical mechanism still needs to be clarified) allows single-star models to simultaneously reproduce the estimated position in the HRD of the YSG SN progenitors, as well as the SN type.
Applying the probability recognition criterion to recognise a deferred tax asset for unused 'secondary tax on companies' credits

According to AC 501, Accounting for ‘Secondary Tax on Companies (STC)’, a deferred tax asset for unused STC credits is recognised if it is probable that an entity will declare dividends against which unused STC credits can be used. This study examined the dividend declaration profile of companies recognising a deferred tax asset for unused STC credits to satisfy AC 501. In a literature review, the term ‘probable’ was analysed, showing that future dividend declarations are only regarded as ‘probable’ if their likelihood is 64% to 79%. A survey revealed that 45% of the surveyed companies with unused STC credits recognised a deferred tax asset for unused STC credits in their 2004 financial statements, and therefore believed they had satisfied the probability recognition criterion in AC 501. The survey also showed that companies that recognised a deferred tax asset have a dividend policy shareholders are familiar with, and most declare dividends annually. These two indicators can help assess the probability of future dividend declarations.
Collisional evolution of irregular satellite swarms: detectable dust around Solar system and extrasolar planets

Since the 1980s it has been becoming increasingly clear that the Solar system’s irregular satellites are collisionally evolved. The current populations are remnants of much more massive swarms that have been grinding away for billions of years. Here, we derive a general model for the collisional evolution of an irregular satellite swarm and apply it to the Solar system and extrasolar planets. The model uses a particle-in-a-box formalism and considers implications for the size distribution, which allows a connection between irregular satellite populations and predicted levels in the resulting dust cloud. Our model reproduces the Solar system’s complement of observed irregulars well, and suggests that the competition between grain– grain collisions and Poynting–Robertson (PR) drag helps set the fate of the dust. In collisiondominated swarms most dust is lost to interplanetary space or impacts the host planet, while PR-dominated grains spiral in towards the planet through the domain of regular satellites. Because swarm collision rates decrease over time the main dust sink can change with time, and may help unravel the accretion history of synchronously rotating regular satellites that show brightness asymmetries, such as Callisto and Iapetus. Some level of dust must be present on au scales around the Solar system’s giant planets if the irregular satellites are still grinding down, which we predict may be at detectable levels. We also use our model to predict whether dust produced by extrasolar circumplanetary swarms can be detected. Though designed with planets in mind, the coronagraphic instruments on James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will have the ability to detect the dust generated by these swarms, which are most detectable around planets that orbit at many tens of au from the youngest stars. Because the collisional decay of swarms is relatively insensitive to planet mass, swarms can be much brighter than their host planets and allow discovery of Neptune-mass planets that would otherwise remain invisible. This dust could have been detected by Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys (HST ACS) coronagraphic observations, and in one case dust may have already been detected. The observations of the planet Fomalhaut b can be explained as scattered light from dust produced by the collisional decay of an irregular satellite swarm around a ∼10 M⊕ planet. Such a swarm comprises about 5 lunar masses worth of irregular satellites. Finally, we briefly consider what happens if Fomalhaut b passes through Fomalhaut’s main debris ring on a coplanar orbit, which allows the circumplanetary swarm to be replenished through collisions with ring planetesimals. This scenario, in which the planet is at least of the order of an Earth mass, may be ruled out by the narrow structure of the debris ring.
Attenuation compensation for least-squares reverse time migration using the viscoacoustic-wave equation

Strong subsurface attenuation leads to distortion of amplitudes and phases of seismic waves propagating inside the earth. Conventional acoustic reverse time migration (RTM) and least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) do not account for this distortion, which can lead to defocusing of migration images in highly attenuative geologic environments. To correct for this distortion, we used a linearized inversion method, denoted as Qp-LSRTM. During the leastsquares iterations, we used a linearized viscoacoustic modeling operator for forward modeling. The adjoint equations were derived using the adjoint-state method for back propagating the residual wavefields. The merit of this approach compared with conventional RTM and LSRTM was that Qp-LSRTM compensated for the amplitude loss due to attenuation and could produce images with better balanced amplitudes and more resolution below highly attenuative layers. Numerical tests on synthetic and field data illustrated the advantages of Qp-LSRTM over RTM and LSRTM when the recorded data had strong attenuation effects. Similar to standard LSRTM, the sensitivity tests for background velocity and Qp errors revealed that the liability of this method is the requirement for smooth and accurate migration velocity and attenuation models.
Effects of Zinc and Nitrogen Fertilizations on Grain Yield and some Parameters Effecting Zinc Bioavailability in Lentil Seeds

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Zinc (Zn) and Nitrogen (N) fertilizations on grain zinc (Zn) phosphorus (P) and phytic acid (PA) concentrations, PA/Zn molar ratio, yield, phytase activity and protein content of lentil varieties. Zinc fertilization led to decrease in grain P concentrations and related parameters. Phytic acid/Zn molar ratios decreased with the increment of Zn and protein concentrations in grains, but increased with the increase of grain P levels. While there were positive relations amongst the grain P concentrations and P-related parameters, there was a close negative relation with Zn generally. Although, protein concentrations negatively affected by grain P and PA concentrations, there was a significant positive relation with N fertilization. Increase of both Zn and P concentrations in grains negatively affected phytase activity, but a positive correlation was seen between the protein and phytase. Grain yield increased with both Zn and N fertilization.
Asymmetric bias voltage dependence of the magnetoresistance of Co/Al2O3/Co magnetic tunnel junctions: Variation with the barrier oxidation time

Recently it has been observed that the magnetoresistance (MR) of plasma oxidized exchange biased Co/Al2O3/Co tunnel junctions can have a strongly asymmetric bias voltage (Vbias) dependence. In this article we report on the dependence of this phenomenon on barrier oxidation time tox. For junctions based on 1.5 nm Al, tox was varied from 20 to 120 s. For tox=20 s, for which the MR is approximately 20% at Vbias=0, and for tox⩾90 s symmetric MR(Vbias) curves are found, with the MR decreasing monotonically with |Vbias|. A strong asymmetric bias voltage dependence was observed for intermediate oxidation times, which correspond to essentially full oxidation of the Al layer, but almost no formation of stoichiometric CoO at the bottom electrode. Samples with tox=60 s show even an asymmetric double peak in MR(Vbias). Due to its strength, it has an important consequence for device applications: for a series of junctions with variable tox the maximum signal voltage (at a fixed current) is not necessarily obtained for.
Hedonic PricingModels and the Evaluation of Attributes: The Case of Wines from Brazil, Argentina and Chile

This study uses the analysis of hedonic prices to measure, on the perspective of the globalization, the impact on the prices of wines considering the following attributes: producing country, vintage, variety of grape used in the wine making and the specific growing region. The countries surveyed were Brazil, Argentina and Chile, which are the main competitors in the fine wine trade in Brazil. <br><br>The main objective of this work is to identify if attributes like vintage, producer, growing region, variety of grape and alcohol strength influence the price of the wines. The major difference between this work and previous ones that utilize the function of hedonic prices on wines is that, in this study, actual Brazilian retail prices are used instead of the prices recommended in foreign wine guides, such as Halliday in Australia and the Guia de Vinos Gourmets in Spain, that have been utilized by others. By a sample of 229 wines, the purpose of this study is to confirm if the characteristics printed on the labels of fine wines sold on the Brazilian market, specifically those made in Argentina, Chile and Brazil, influence the price presented to the consumer. This kind of measure could lead to the creation of hedonic indexes of wine prices, which could support the making of price policies by private agents, as well as establish control plans and targets of the market prices by government agents, aiming to create sustainability in face of the globalization, competition and consumer protection against eventual abusive price increases. <br><br>It is hoped that, with the results of this work, it will be possible to analyze the power of adjustment of the semi-logarithmic model for this type of study, if the data make available sufficient information on the attributes of this market and if the analysis includes the differences among prices of wines in relation to the presence or absence of a given characteristic.
Attitudes and Performance: An Analysis of Russian Workers

How do attitudes affect performance? Numerous studies show that individuals who exhibit an internal locus of control perform better than those characterized by an external locus of control. We use survey data collected in two regions in Russia to determine whether these same results hold among the ~1500 employees who participated in our study. Our performance measures include self-reported assessments of work quantity and quality, earnings, and expected promotions. We find significant differences between internals and externals regarding work-related attitudes. Controlling for a variety of worker characteristics, we find that individuals who exhibit an internal locus of control perform better, but this result is not always statistically significant. The influence of LOC on performance varies by region, gender, and supervisory position. Overall, the effect of LOC on performance is rather small among the participants in our survey.
Required Donations: An Empirical Test of Prospect Theory & Framing of Per-seat Contributions in Intercollegiate Athletics

The purpose of this study was to examine how per-seat contributions are framed, and attempt to understand the effects of different price frames on consumer perceptions and behavior. In doing so, we apply prospect theory to explain how framing an outcome can change preferences and ultimately purchase behavior. The current study used an experimental design to determine which price frame most influences repurchase intentions, when considering three price tiers (e.g. low, moderate, high) determined in a pretest. Our results indicate the best way to increase purchase intentions when implementing per-seat contributions campaigns is to use the Combination price frame (i.e. one emphasizing both student and personal benefits) in all perseat contributions marketing communications, regardless of the price of the ticket.
Investigating the Role of Dispatched in Hedgehog Ligand Transport and Delivery

During the development of all metazoans, the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway provides instructional cues influencing a variety of cellular processes. The pathway ligand, Hh, is dually lipidated by cholesterol and palmitate, which effectively anchors the molecule to the lipid bilayer of the signal producing cell. To complicate the Hh pathway induction process, the Hh ligand is often produced at a significant distance from the cells it influences. Only one known conserved molecule, Dispatched (Disp), can alleviate the membrane tethering imparted by Hh lipidation. Underscoring the importance of Disp protein during development, knockout animals succumb to lethality at E9.5, an exact phenocopy of the knockout of the essential signal transducer of the pathway: Smoothened. Furthermore, mutations within Disp have been found in patients with Holoprosencephaly, the most common cause of human forebrain malformations, which is frequently caused by inhibition of Hh signaling during development. Very little is known regarding the functional or regulatory mechanisms enabling Disp to transport and release Hh ligand. This dissertation aimed to narrow this gap and began with investigation into the role of Disp in a largely ignored mechanism of Hh ligand transport known as cytoneme-mediated morphogen transport. This method of morphogen transport utilizes fragile, thin cytoplasmic extensions which deliver cargo directly from the source of production to ligand responding cells. Through the use of a modified electron microscopy fixative, which we named MEM-fix, to maintain cytonemes for traditional cell biological analysis, I established an in vitro cytoneme system capable of modeling in vivo cytoneme biology. This in vitro cytoneme system uses Schneider 2 cells, an embryonically derived Drosphila cell line, which demonstrate competency to produce and utilize cytonemes as a mechanism of Hh transport. Equipped with this tool, I investigated the relationship between cytonemes and Hh pathway components. In doing so, I uncovered a previously unknown Disp requirement in cytoneme-mediated transport of Hh ligand and subsequently a Disp-mediated cytoneme stabilizing effect. Through these studies into Disp-mediated cytoneme transport, I identified a Disp cleavage event of Disp that regulates the ability to release Hh ligand. The second part of this dissertation details a collaborative effort in which we discovered that the Furin family of proprotein convertases facilitate the cleavage of Disp at a conserved site of the first extracellular loop. The Furin family has been implicated in cleaving ligands and receptors of other developmental signaling pathways, but no reports exist linking the Furin family to regulation of the Hh pathway. Therefore, we investigated the functional consequence of this Disp cleavage event, and our results suggest that this cleavage likely influences the proper trafficking of Hh for efficient release both in vitro and in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a regulatory protein partner controlling the activity of Disp in releasing Hh.
Galaxies in the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulation and in the Durham and Munich semi-analytical models

We compare global predictions from the eagle hydrodynamical simulation, and two semi-analytic (SA) models of galaxy formation, l-galaxies and galform. All three models include the key physical processes for the formation and evolution of galaxies and their parameters are calibrated against a small number of observables at z ≈ 0. The two SA models have been applied to merger trees constructed from the eagle dark matter only simulation. We find that at z ≤ 2, both the galaxy stellar mass functions for stellar masses M* 109.5 M⊙ differ in some instances by an order of magnitude, while the stellar mass–size relation in eagle is a factor of ≈2 tighter than for the two SA models. Our results suggest the need for a revision of how SA models treat the effect of baryonic self-gravity on the underlying dark matter. The treatment of gas flows in the models needs to be revised based on detailed comparison with observations to understand in particular the evolution of the stellar mass–metallicity relation.
Knowledge and Public Perception of Dental Fluorosis in Children Living in Palestine

Rare knowledge of dental fluorosis increases the risk of having it. Knowledge and public perception towards dental fluorosis is important factor in public health interventions and were not studied before in Palestine or Arabic countries. Objective: To study the knowledge and the public perception of dental fluorosis among Palestinian children (aged 12-18 years old) and their mothers. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited stratified cluster random sample of 350 children aged 12-18 years and their mothers. Data of knowledge and public perception of dental fluorosis was collected through interview questionnaires with children and their mothers. Ethical approvals followed the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration. Results: Most children (99.4%) and all mothers did not know what dental fluorosis is and had not received information about it. The majority (99.7%) did not know dental fluorosis’s causes or prevention. Concerning the public perception of dental fluorosis, 87.7% of the children and 88.6% of mothers did not have a problem with fluorosed teeth colour. Although all respondents felt that others with fluorosed teeth did not have good appearance, 96.9% of children did not hide their smile. Most of the mothers (99.7%) thought that the government should find an immediate solution for this problem. Conclusions: Lack of knowledge about dental fluorosis increases the risk of having dental fluorosis in Palestine and Arabic countries. This suggests the importance of developing immediate preventive intervention for dental fluorosis. Suffering from unrest political circumstances and having high prevalence of dental fluorosis for decades could diminish the negative impact of having coloured teeth on children’s perception and personality.
Local Symmetry and Global Structure in Adaptive Voter Models

"Coevolving" or "adaptive" voter models (AVMs) are natural systems for modeling the emergence of mesoscopic structure from local networked processes driven by conflict and homophily. Because of this, many methods for approximating the long-run behavior of AVMs have been proposed over the last decade. However, most such methods are either restricted in scope, expensive in computation, or inaccurate in predicting important statistics. In this work, we develop a novel, second-order moment closure approximation method for studying the equilibrium mesoscopic structure of AVMs and apply it to binary-state rewire-to-random and rewire-to-same model variants with random state-switching. This framework exploits an asymmetry in voting events that enables us to derive analytic approximations for the fast-timescale dynamics. The resulting numerical approximations enable the computation of key properties of the model behavior, such as the location of the fragmentation transition and the equilibrium active edge density, across the entire range of state densities. Numerically, they are nearly exact for the rewire-to-random model, and competitive with other current approaches for the rewire-to-same model. We conclude with suggestions for model refinement and extensions to more complex models.
Estimating trends and return periods of daily extreme precipitation associated with tropical cyclones in the core north american monsoon

The largest number of tropical cyclones (TCs) is generated in the northeastern Pacific Basin. These storms can produce extreme precipitation (EP) in northwestern Mexico, causing loss of life and environmental damage. It is important to understand the dynamics that cause the EP associated with TCs, since most human activity requires planning to adjust to the dynamics of local climate changes. Therefore, in this work the goal was to estimate the trends and return periods of the average annual daily extreme precipitation (AADEP; 95th percentile, P95) in the June-September season in the core North American monsoon. To do this, daily precipitation data from 1961 to 2000 from 48 climate computing (CLICOM) weather stations located in the core of the North American monsoon were used to determine AADEP: 1. Non-parametric trends with Mann-Kendall tests and Sen’s slope estimator. 2. Linear trends of annual averages of 95 (P95) and 99 (P99) percentiles with the least squares method. 3. Return periods with the Gumbel frequency distribution function. The results disclose a significant upward trend in the intensity of P95 increases in mountain stations, which may be related to a greater contribution of precipitation associated with TCs. The seasonal contribution of P95 in coastal stations and the total monsoon precipitation did not show statistical significance at α = 0.05. The return periods of P95 associated and not associated with TC’s from 2005 to 2500 were calculated. Return periods of P99 have been rising since 2010 and will continue to 2500. For P95 events associated with TCs, the anomalies are expressed with synoptic conditions of simultaneous positive anomalies in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (+PDO), negative anomalies in the *e-mail: mnorzacam@yahoo.com. mx DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/64161 2284 Cárdenas O.L. , et al.