Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cosmography and flat 
ΛCDM
 tensions at high redshift

Recently constructed high-redshift Hubble diagrams of supernovae, quasars and gamma-ray bursts show $\sim4 \, \sigma$ deviations from flat $\Lambda$CDM, where the discrepancies are observed in cosmographic expansions. In this note, we show that existing approaches to high-redshift cosmography can lead to "tensions" that are simply an artifact of the expansions, even if the underlying model is fully consistent with flat $\Lambda$CDM. Thus, in this note we revisit the $\sim 4 \, \sigma$ tensions to ascertain if results have been impacted by the cosmography. By directly fitting respective datasets to flat $\Lambda$CDM we find that the tension is real, but the quasar data, which has been calibrated by external Type Ia supernovae has a 7:3 preference for a Universe with no dark energy over one described by $\Lambda$CDM with canonical (Planck) values. Results based on cosmography mask this feature.
The Relationship Between National Culture and Organizational Commitment To Change and Mediating Effect of Readiness for Change

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between Hofstede five dimensions of national culture and commitment to organizational change (Affective commitment), and investigate the mediating effect of readiness for organizational change (appropriateness) on this relationship. No empirical research of the influence of culture dimensions based on Hofstede’s dataset on organizational change represented by commitment and readiness for change was conducted. SEM employed in particular confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis procedures was used to test the hypothesized model. The results provide empirical support for the influence of Power Distance, Individualism-Collectivism, Masculinity-Femininity, and Long-Term Orientation on the individual readiness and commitment to change directly and indirectly through readiness for change. Which in turn add to the efforts to build a literature on the culture perspective of organizational change. The findings offer valuable insights on why cultural values should be differentiated as they relate to different individual readiness and commitment to change. The findings of this study will be useful to the policy makers and organizations that plan to accomplish change initiatives, particularly those in Arabic region. The study is among the first that investigates the issue of change implementation from the perspective of national cultural values.
Surface Characterization of Ni-Mg-Al and Co-Mg-Al Hydrotalcites Investigated by Inverse Gas Chromatography

Carbonate pillared hydrotalcite-like compounds (NixMg3-xAl-LDHs and CoxMg3-xAl-LDHs) with different molar ratios were synthesized through co-precipitation, the samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR and Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) techniques. The surface properties were compared and verified by computer simulation. The results indicated that with the increasing of Ni in NixMg3-xAl-LDHs, the surface adsorption free energy and the dispersive component of the surface energy decreased, while the stability increased gradually, which was contrary to the Co in CoxMg3-xAl–LDHs. Besides, the surface free energy of Ni-Mg-Al hydrotalcites was smaller than Co-Mg-Al hydrotalicites when they were in the same molar ratio, and the stability of the former was stronger than the latter.
Board Composition, Audit Committees, Ownership Structure and Voluntary Disclosure: Evidence from Bahrain

The primary objective of this study is to examine the association between board composition, the existence of audit committees, ownership structure and the level of voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of listed companies in Bahrain Stock Exchange. Information was generated using content analysis of annual reports. A disclosure check list consisting of thirty items were identified from previous research and a self-constructed voluntary disclosure index was developed. Descriptive statistics, correlations and regression analysis were used to test the research hypotheses. Contrary to expectations and consistent with some previous empirical studies, the results indicate that there is no relationship between the extent of voluntarily disclosure and both, board composition and audit committees, but there is a negative and weak relationship with ownership concentration. The paper concludes that further explanation of why companies voluntarily disclose information is still needed. Key w ords : Voluntary disclosure index; Board composition; Audi Committee; Ownership structure; Bahrain.
Iranian women's strategies for coping with domestic violence

BACKGROUND: Behavioral coping strategies may lead to either increased or reduced violence or associated stress, while also affecting psychological outcomes. To help abused Iranian women cope better with domestic violence and to provide better care for them, it is crucial to investigate their strategies for coping with domestic violence. Objectives: This qualitative study explores the strategies used by Iranian women to cope with domestic violence. Materials and Methods: This study uses a qualitative design, based on a content analysis approach. The participants comprised 24 married women, selected from parks, health centers and two colleges located in Tehran, Iran. The purposive sampling method was used to recruit the participants and continued until data saturation was reached. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to gather data. Results: During the data analysis, a "situation management" theme emerged together with two categories, comprising "the strategies of violence control" and "the strategies of distress control". The results show that the participants try to control violence and the distress it causes by managing the abusive situation. Conclusions: Unlike common stereotypes that reveal women to be submissive and passive in the face of violence, the results show that the participants in this study cope with violence using consciousness and creativity, and by relying on the available resources. An understanding of the coping strategies used by abused women should help health staff to provide better care for such women and encourage them to use more effective strategies. Keywords: Coping; Strategies; Intimate Partner Violence; Domestic Violence; Wife Abuse; Iran Language: en
Testing noisy linear functions for sparsity

We consider the following basic inference problem: there is an unknown high-dimensional vector w ∈ ℝ n , and an algorithm is given access to labeled pairs (x,y) where x ∈ ℝ n is a measurement and y = w · x + noise. What is the complexity of deciding whether the target vector w is (approximately) k-sparse? The recovery analogue of this problem — given the promise that w is sparse, find or approximate the vector w — is the famous sparse recovery problem, with a rich body of work in signal processing, statistics, and computer science. We study the decision version of this problem (i.e. deciding whether the unknown w is k-sparse) from the vantage point of property testing. Our focus is on answering the following high-level question: when is it possible to efficiently test whether the unknown target vector w is sparse versus far-from-sparse using a number of samples which is completely independent of the dimension n? We consider the natural setting in which x is drawn from an i.i. d. product distribution D over ℝ n and the noise process is independent of the input x. As our main result, we give a general algorithm which solves the above-described testing problem using a number of samples which is completely independent of the ambient dimension n, as long as D is not a Gaussian. In fact, our algorithm is fully noise tolerant, in the sense that for an arbitrary w, it approximately computes the distance of w to the closest k-sparse vector. To complement this algorithmic result, we show that weakening any of our conditions makes it information-theoretically impossible for any algorithm to solve the testing problem with fewer than essentially logn samples. Thus our conditions essentially characterize when it is possible to test noisy linear functions for sparsity with constant sample complexity. Our algorithmic approach is based on relating the cumulants of the output distribution (i.e. of y) with elementary power sum symmetric polynomials in w and using the latter to measure the sparsity of w. This approach crucially relies on a theorem of Marcinkiewicz from probability theory. In fact, to obtain effective sample complexity bounds with our approach, we prove a new finitary version of Marcinkiewicz’s theorem. This involves extending the complex analytic arguments used in the original proof with results about the distribution of zeros of entire functions.
Symmetrical effects of interspecific competition on congeneric coral-reef fishes

Zonation in marine fishes occurs along depth gradients in both temperate and tropical habitats, yet the importance of competition in causing these patterns has only been unequivocally demonstrated in temperate systems. Throughout Caribbean reefs, fairy basslets Gramma loreto and blackcap basslets G. melacara are segregated by depth with a narrow zone of overlap. Local populations of these planktivores are found under isolated reef ledges, where fairy basslets compete with conspecifics for access to prime feeding positions at the outer edges. I investigated the existence, mechanisms, and effects of interspecific competition on the local distribution and demography of basslets. I documented aggression and feeding rates of both species and conducted a reciprocal removal experiment comparing the re sponse of each basslet in competitor-removal versus unmanipulated populations of both species. Positioning of both basslets under ledges was consistent with an overall size hierarchy, with larger fish progressively closer to the outer edges of ledges. Fairy basslets were more aggressive, yet competition had symmetrical effects on the juveniles of both species. Interference between species drove juveniles further back under ledges, where feeding and growth rates of individuals were reduced. Competition had no effect on the density of basslets during this 8 wk experiment. Aggression occurred between larger basslets, but with no consequential effects on any parameters measured. This study demonstrates sym metrical effects of interspecific competition on juvenile coral-reef fishes, a phenomenon that has rarely been documented previously.
Influence of a magnetic field on magnetic nanofluids for the purpose of enhancing natural convection heat transfer

ii Acknowledgements . iii List of figures . v List of tables . vii Nomenclature . vii List of symbols . vii Dimensionless parameters . vii Greek letters . viii Subscripts . viii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Problem statement . 2 1.2 Literature survey . 3 1.2.1 Thermal conductivity of nanofluids . 3 1.2.2 Viscosity of nanofluids . 4 1.2.3 Specific heat capacity of nanofluids . 5 1.2. 4 Density of nanofluids . 6 1.2. 5 Effects of a magnetic field on the thermophysical properties of magnetic nanofluids. 6 1.2. 6 Stability of magnetic nanofluids . 9 1.2. 7 Natural convection heat transfer . 11 1.2. 8 Summary . 14 Chapter 2: Experimental details. 18 2.1 Nanofluid preparation . 18 2.2 Experimental configuration and procedure . 19 2.3 Analysis methodology . 21 Chapter 3: Nanofluid characterisation and stability analysis . 23 3.1 Thermophysical properties . 23 3.2 Stability . 25 3.2.1 pH adjustment . 26 3.2.2 Stabiliser . 28 3.3 Nanoparticle sizes . 30 3.4 Conclusion . 30 Chapter 4: Results . 32 © University of Pretoria v 4.1 Influence of nanoparticle concentration . 32 4.2 Magnetic field influence . 40 4.3 Validation . 48 4.4 Conclusion . 49 Chapter 5: Concluding remarks. 50 5.1 Summary of findings . 50 5.2 Recommendations for future work . 51 References . 53 Appendix . A1 Appendix A: Thermocouple calibration . A1 Appendix B: Uncertainty analysis . B1
Geometric Models for Lie–Hamilton Systems on ℝ2

This paper provides a geometric description for Lie–Hamilton systems on R 2 with locally transitive Vessiot–Guldberg Lie algebras through two types of geometric models. The first one is the restriction of a class of Lie–Hamilton systems on the dual of a Lie algebra to even-dimensional symplectic leaves relative to the Kirillov-Kostant-Souriau bracket. The second is a projection onto a quotient space of an automorphic Lie–Hamilton system relative to a naturally defined Poisson structure or, more generally, an automorphic Lie system with a compatible bivector field. These models give a natural framework for the analysis of Lie–Hamilton systems on R 2 while retrieving known results in a natural manner. Our methods may be extended to study Lie–Hamilton systems on higher-dimensional manifolds and provide new approaches to Lie systems admitting compatible geometric structures.
Optimality of Spectral Clustering for Gaussian Mixture Model

Spectral clustering is one of the most popular algorithms to group high dimensional data. It is easy to implement and computationally efficient. Despite its popularity and successful applications, its theoretical properties have not been fully understood. In this paper, we show that spectral clustering is minimax optimal in the Gaussian Mixture Model with isotropic covariance matrix, when the number of clusters is fixed and the signal-to-noise ratio is large enough. Spectral gap conditions are widely assumed in the literature to analyze spectral clustering. On the contrary, these conditions are not needed to establish optimality of spectral clustering in this paper.
Processes controlling the composition of precipitation at a remote southern hemispheric location: Torres del Paine National Park, Chile

Precipitation composition measured at Torres del Paine National Park, Chile (TdP) (51°10′S, 71°58′W), between 1984 and 1993 was acidic (volume-weighted-average pH of 4.96) with a dilute seawater component. H+ was the dominant non-sea-salt (nss) cation; in decreasing order of abundance, nss anions were HCOO−, Cl−, SO4=, CH3COO−, and NO3−. Relative to lower latitude, remote locations, concentrations and per-event depositions of nss SO4=, NO3−, and NH4+ at TdP were lower; those of HCOOt (HCOO− + HCOOH) and CH3COOHt, (CH3COO− and CH3COOH) were similar; and those of CH3SO3− were higher. Concentrations and deposition fluxes of HCOOt, CH3COOt, nss SO4=, CH3SO3−, and NH4+ varied seasonally with summer maxima and winter minima. Carboxylic acids probably originated from both direct terrestrial emissions and oxidation of hydrocarbons emitted by marine and terrestrial biota. Nss SO4= and CH3SO3− originated primarily from oxidation of biogenic (CH3)2S emitted from the southern Pacific Ocean. Direct emissions of NH3 from upwind terrestrial and marine ecosystems probably accounted for most observed NH4+. NO3− concentrations and depositions were highest during the latter part of austral winter and spring suggesting abiotic controls. Transport of precursors from lightning, biomass burning, and fossil-fuel combustion at lower latitudes and possibly transport of reactive N from the stratosphere apparently contributed oxidized N to the southern Patagonian troposphere. Although the ionic strength of precipitation at TdP is currently among the world's lowest, future changes are likely because of increases in local and regional population and energy and food production.
Consumer Preference for Eco-Labeled Seafood in Korea

In Korea, fishery managers, eco-labeled program operators, and the government need detailed information regarding individual-level preferences for eco-labeled seafood. This study aims to identify the determinants of consumer preference for such seafood. Specifically, an ordered probit model is estimated by using micro-survey data obtained from interviews of 2773 randomly selected Korean households. Overall, the estimation results reveal that the chosen model is appropriate to analyze consumer preference for eco-labeled seafood. The coefficients of consumption frequency, the importance of price, the confirmation of origin, residential area, and household income are statistically meaningful. If consumers consider price an important factor, their consumption of eco-labeled seafood may decrease. Moreover, consumers with interest in the origin of seafood are more likely to accept eco-labeled seafood. To increase the consumption of eco-labeled seafood, it is recommended to develop products designed specifically for segmented markets and promote functional features. The findings can provide a valuable guideline to marketing managers and policy makers for designing effective strategies regarding eco-labeled seafood.
Serverless Computing: Opportunities and Challenges

The topic of serverless computing has proved to be a controversial subject both within academic and industrial communities. Many have praised the approach to be a platform for a new era of computing and some have argued that it is in fact a step backward. Though, both sides agree that there exist challenges that must be addressed in order to better utilize its potentials. This paper explores some of the challenges that have not been thoroughly discussed in the previous studies. Each challenge is discussed thoroughly and a number of possible directions for future studies is proposed. Moreover, the paper reviews some of the unique opportunities and potentials that the serverless computing presents.
NEW SEARCH DIRECTIONS FOR SEMIDEFINITE PROGRAMMING 225 Given the strengths and weaknesses of the AHO , HKM

Search directions for primal-dual path-following methods for semidefinite programming (SDP) are proposed. These directions have the properties that (1) under certain nondegeneracy and strict complementarity assumptions, the Jacobian matrix of the associated symmetrized Newton equation has a bounded condition number along the central path in the limit as the barrier parameter μ tends to zero; and (2) the Schur complement matrix of the symmetrized Newton equation is symmetric and the cost for computing this matrix is 2mn3 + 0.5m2n2 flops, where n and m are the dimension of the matrix and vector variables of the semidefinite program, respectively. These two properties imply that a path-following method using the proposed directions can achieve the high accuracy typically attained by methods employing the direction proposed by Alizadeh, Haeberly, and Overton (currently the best search direction in terms of accuracy), but each iteration requires at most half the amount of flops (to leading order).
Geometric generation of the wrapped Fukaya category of Weinstein manifolds and sectors

We prove that the wrapped Fukaya category of any $2n$-dimensional Weinstein manifold (or, more generally, Weinstein sector) $W$ is generated by the unstable manifolds of the index $n$ critical points of its Liouville vector field. Our proof is geometric in nature, relying on a surgery formula for Floer homology and the fairly simple observation that Floer homology vanishes for Lagrangian submanifolds that can be disjoined from the isotropic skeleton of the Weinstein manifold. Note that we do not need any additional assumptions on this skeleton. By applying our generation result to the diagonal in the product $W \times W$, we obtain as a corollary that the open-closed map from the Hochschild homology of the wrapped Fukaya category of $W$ to its symplectic homology is an isomorphism, proving a conjecture of Seidel.
A dendroclimatic analysis of Pinus densiflora from Mt. Chiri in southern Korea

Une analyse dendroclimatique de Pinus densiflora au mont Chiri en Coree du Sud. L'influence du climat sur la croissance radiale de Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. en Coree du Sud a ete etudiee en utilisant une chronologie de cernes de 196 ans (1801-1996 AD) developpee a partir de 27 arbres echantillonnes au mont Chiri. La relation entre epaisseurs de cernes et climat a ete analysee grâce a une fonction de reponse qui indique que 56 % de la variance de la chronologie est attribuable au climat. Cette analyse a demontre que des temperatures elevees en janvier et mars ont un effet positif sur la croissance. Un effet negatif a ete note pour les precipitations d'aout. Cette association entre croissance et climat revele les potentialites de cette espece pour des reconstructions climatiques.
Diffusion from convection

We introduce non-trivial contributions to diffusion constant in generic many-body systems arising from quadratic fluctuations of ballistically propagating, i.e. convective, modes. Our result is obtained by expanding the current operator in the vicinity of equilibrium states in terms of powers of local and quasi-local conserved quantities. We show that only the second-order terms in this expansion carry a finite contribution to diffusive spreading. Our formalism implies that whenever there are at least two coupled modes with degenerate group velocities, the system behaves super-diffusively, in accordance with the non-linear fluctuating hydrodynamics theory. Finally, we show that our expression saturates the exact diffusion constants in quantum and classical interacting integrable systems, providing a general framework to derive these expressions.
Clinico-pathologic Appraisal of Lipomatous Lesions in the Head and Neck Region; a Multicenter Nigerian Study

1. Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. 2. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. 3. Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria. 4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos. Nigeria.
Pulmonary , gastrointestinal and urogenital pharmacology Comparison of TRPA 1-versus TRPV 1-mediated cough in guinea pigs

TRPA1 receptor is activated by endogenous inflammatory mediators and exogenous pollutant molecules relevant to respiratory diseases. Previous studies have implicated TRPA1 as a drug target for antitussive therapy. Here we evaluated the relative efficacy of TRPA1 activation to evoke cough. In conscious guinea pigs the TRPA1 agonist allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) evoked cough with a maximally effective concentration of 10 mM that was abolished by the selective TRPA1 antagonist AP-18. AITC (10 mM) was approximately 3-times less effective in inducing cough than capsaicin (50 mM). Ex vivo single fiber extracellular recordings revealed that, similarly to capsaicin, AITC evoked activation in airway jugular C-fibers, but not in airway nodose Ad-fibers. Consistent with the cough studies, AITC was approximately 3-times less effective than capsaicin in evoking sustained activation of the jugular C-fibers. Another TRPA1 agonist, cinnamaldehyde, was approximately twofold more effective than AITC in inducing cough. However, the cinnamaldehyde (10 mM)-induced cough was only partially inhibited by the TRPA1 antagonist AP-18, and was abolished by combination of AP-18 and the TRPV1 antagonist I-RTX. We conclude that in naı̈ve guinea pigs, TRPA1 activation initiates cough that is relatively modest compared to the cough initiated by TRPV1, likely due to lower efficacy of TRPA1 stimulation to induce sustained activation of airway C-fibers. & 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Online Robustness Training for Deep Reinforcement Learning

In deep reinforcement learning (RL), adversarial attacks can trick an agent into unwanted states and disrupt training. We propose a system called Robust Student-DQN (RS-DQN), which permits online robustness training alongside Q networks, while preserving competitive performance. We show that RS-DQN can be combined with (i) state-of-the-art adversarial training and (ii) provably robust training to obtain an agent that is resilient to strong attacks during training and evaluation.