Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Development of Spectral EEG Changes During Short Periods of Circulatory Arrest

Summary The EEG was monitored in 56 patients during implantation ofan internal cardioverter defibrillator. The purpose of this study was todetermine the main EEG frequency ranges that represent ischemic changes duringshort periods of circulatory arrest. The EEG was recorded with a 16-channelcommon reference montage (Cz). After onset of circulatory arrest, the logspectral changes of three-epoch moving averages were calculated relative tothe baseline spectrum. For factor analysis, 17 EEG periods were selected thatshowed changes progressing to an isoelectrical period. Topographic differencesand the time course of quantitative EEG (qEEG) changes were studied in all 56patients. For each patient the EEG period with the longest duration ofcirculatory arrest was chosen. Factor analysis revealed four factors thatrepresented the spectral EEG changes occurring during circulatory arrest andrecovery. The frequency intervals of these factors were 0 to 0.5 Hz, 1.5 to 3Hz, 7.5 to 9.5 Hz, and 15 to 20 Hz for all channels. Only minor topographicdifferences were found in the power of the spectral changes; the sequence ofevents was similar for all electrode positions. The first EEG change aftercirculatory arrest was an initial increase in &agr; power and a decrease in&bgr; power. On average, after approximately 15 seconds &agr; power started todecrease, &bgr; power decreased further, &dgr;-1 power started to increase,and &dgr;-2 power started to decrease. After approximately 25 seconds, the&dgr;-1 power increase appeared to plateau or to decrease. A circulatoryarrest longer than approximately 30 seconds resulted in an isoelectrical EEG.After restoration of the circulation, there was a fast transient increase in&dgr;-1 and &dgr;-2 power, followed by a decrease to baseline. &agr; and &bgr;power showed a more gradual increase in power toward baseline and were thelast to restore after 60 to 90 seconds. In general, the spectral changes inthe &agr; and &bgr; frequency ranges were most pronounced and consistent. Inconclusion, to detect intraoperative cerebral ischemia, monitoring of changesin the four frequency ranges found is preferable to monitoring changes in theclassically defined frequency bands. Furthermore, these results stress theimportance of the &agr; and &bgr; ranges in detecting cerebralischemia.
Non-clustered protocadherin

Cadherin family is classified into classical cadherins, desmosomal cadherins and protocadherins (PCDHs). Genomic structures distinguish between PCDHs and other cadherins, and between clustered and non-clustered PCDHs. The phylogenetic analysis with full sequences of non-clustered PCDHs enabled them to be further classified into three subgroups: δ1 (PCDH1, PCDH7, PCDH9, PCDH11 and PCDH20), δ2 (PCDH8, PCDH10, PCDH12, PCDH17, PCDH18 and PCDH19) and ε (PCDH15, PCDH16, PCDH21 and MUCDHL). ε-PCDH members except PCDH21 have either higher or lower numbers of cadherin repeats than those of other PCDHs. Non-clustered PCDHs are expressed predominantly in the nervous system and have spatiotemporally diverse expression patterns. Especially, the region-specific expressions of non-clustered PCDHs have been observed in cortical area of early postnatal stage and in caudate putaman and/or hippocampal formation of mature brains, suggesting that non-clustered PCDHs play roles in the circuit formation and maintenance. The non-clustered PCDHs appear to have homophilic/heterophilc cell-cell adhesion properties, and each member has diverse cell signaling partnership distinct from those of other members (PCDH7/TAF1; PCDH8/TAO2β; PCDH10/Nap1; PCDH11/β-catenin; PCDH18/mDab1). Furthermore, each PCDH has several isoforms with differential cytoplasmic sequences, suggesting that one PCDH isoform could activate intracellular signaling differential from other isoforms. These facts suggest that non-clustered PCDHs play roles as a mediator of a regulator of other molecules as well as cell-cell adhesion. Furthermore, some non-clustered PCDHs have been considered to be involved in neuronal diseases such as autism-spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and female-limited epilepsy and cognitive impairment, suggesting that they play multiple, tightly regulated roles in normal brain function. In addition, some non-clustered PCDHs have been suggested as candidate tumor suppressor genes in several tissues. Although molecular adhesive and regulatory properties of some PCDHs began to be unveiled, the endeavor to understand the molecular mechanism of non-clustered PCDH is still in its infancy and requires future study.
Effect of practice on brain activity: an investigation in top-level rifle shooters.

PURPOSE The study investigated the effect of motor experience on the brain activity associated with self-paced movement of the left and right index fingers. METHOD Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCP) are indices of cortical activation related to movement preparation and execution. MRCP were recorded in two groups of subjects: high-level rifle shooters and control subjects without any shooting experience. All subjects were right-handed. Four MRCP components were considered: Bereitschaftspotential (BP), negative slope (NS'), motor potential (MP), and reafferent positivity (RAP). The BP and NS' components, which emerged before movement onset, were associated with preparation for voluntary movements. RESULTS Differences between groups were found in the amplitude and latency of these components for right finger flexion (but not for left finger flexion). BP and NS' latencies were longer for shooters than for controls; amplitudes were smaller. In contrast, no difference was found between groups for MP and RAP amplitude or latency. Source analysis, based on a realistic model of the brain, showed with high reliability (97/% of variance explained) that the BP (time window: -1500 400 ms), NS' (-400 50 ms), MP (0 +100 ms) and RAP (+100 +200 ms) components were generated in the supplementary motor area, premotor area, primary motor area, and somatosensory area, respectively. No difference was found between groups regarding the localization of generators of all components. CONCLUSION Results are discussed in terms of neural economy of motor preparation due to the specific practice involved in shooting.
Prevalence and pattern of mental disability using Indian disability evaluation assessment scale in a rural community of Karnataka

Background: In the present era, mental disability is a major public health problem in the society. Many of the mental disabilities are correctable if detected early. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and pattern of mental disability. Setting and Design: Community-based cross-sectional study. One thousand subjects in all age groups were randomly selected from four villages in Udupi district, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by making house-to-house visits, interviewing, and examining all the individuals in the families selected with pre-designed and pretested questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: Proportions, chi-square test. Results and Conclusion: The prevalence of mental disability was found to be 2.3%. The prevalence was higher among females (3.1%) than among males (1.5%). The prevalence was higher among the elderly age group and illiterates. There is ample scope for community-based rehabilitation of the mentally disabled.
Early focal expression of the chemokine Ccl2 by Müller cells during exposure to damage-inducing bright continuous light.

PURPOSE To investigate the time course and localization of Ccl2 expression and recruitment of inflammatory cells associated with light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to 1000 lux light for up to 24 hours, after which some animals were allowed to recover in dim light (5 lux) for 3 or 7 days. During and after exposure to light, the animals were euthanatized and the retinas processed. Ccl2 expression was assessed by qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization at each time point. Counts were made of perivascular monocytes/microglia immunolabeled with ED1, and photoreceptor apoptosis was assessed with TUNEL. RESULTS Upregulation of Ccl2 expression was evident in the retina by 12 hours of exposure and correlated with increased photoreceptor death. Ccl2 expression reached its maximum at 24 hours, coinciding with peak cell death. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization showed that Ccl2 is expressed by Müller cells from 12 hours of exposure, most intensely in the superior retina, in the region of the incipient light-induced lesion. After the Müller cell-driven expression of Ccl2, there was a substantial recruitment of monocytes to the local retina and choroidal vasculature. This coincided spatially with the expression of Ccl2 in the superior retina. Peak monocyte infiltration followed maximum Ccl2 expression by up to 3 days. Furthermore, Ccl2 immunoreactivity was observed in many infiltrating monocytes after a 24-hour exposure. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that photoreceptor death promotes region-specific expression of Ccl2 by Müller cells, which facilitates targeting of monocytes to sites of injury. The data suggest that recruitment of monocytes to developing lesions is secondary to signaling events in the retina.
Identifying Vibrations That Destabilize Crystals and Characterize the Glassy State

High-resolution inelastic neutron scattering was used to identify major sources of low-frequency vibrations in zeolite crystals. Dispersed and nondispersed modes were found, both of which are prominent in the early stages of compressive amorphization but decline dramatically in strength once a glass of conventional density is created. By identifying the dispersed modes with the characteristic vibrations of the various secondary building units of zeolitic structures, the Boson peak, a characteristic of the glassy state, can be attributed to vibrations within connected rings of many different sizes. The nondispersed phonon features in zeolites, retained in the amorphized glass, were also replicated in silica. These modes are librational in origin and are responsible for destabilizing the microporous crystalline structure, for converting the resulting glass from a low- to a high-density phase, and for the associated changes in network topology that affect the Boson peak.
Enhanced Phasor Estimation Technique for Fault Location in Series-Compensated Lines

Accurate phasor-based fault location in series capacitor-compensated transmission lines is a challenging task due to the presence of subsynchronous frequency components in the measured voltage and current signals. In this letter, an enhanced technique is proposed based on Prony analysis and discrete Fourier transform to accurately estimate voltage and current phasors for the purpose of offline fault location. A comprehensive simulation and fault-location analysis is performed using PSCAD and Matlab to establish the successful application of the proposed technique to the fault location.
Stability Analysis of Impulsive BAM Fuzzy Cellular Neural Networks with Distributed Delays and Reaction-diffusion Terms

In this paper, a class of impulsive BAM fuzzy cellular neural networks with distributed delays and reaction-diffusion terms is formulated and investigated. By employing the delay differential inequality and inequality technique developed by Xu et al., some sufficient conditions ensuring the existence, uniqueness and global exponential stability of equilibrium point for impulsive BAM fuzzy cellular neural networks with distributed delays and reaction-diffusion terms are obtained. In particular, the estimate of the exponential convergence rate is also provided, which depends on system parameters, diffusion effect and impulsive disturbed intention. It is believed that these results are significant and useful for the design and applications of BAM fuzzy cellular neural networks. An example is given to show the effectiveness of the results obtained here. Keywords—Bi-directional associative memory; fuzzy cellular neural networks; reaction-diffusion; delays; impulses; global exponential stability.
A Switch from Propofol to Etomidate During an ECT Course Increases EEG and Motor Seizure Duration

Introduction Of 58 patients treated at our electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) unit early in the year 2000, 12 patients under propofol did not achieve a seizure duration of >30 s [electroencephalogram (EEG)] with a maximum stimulation charge of 504.0 mC (100%). Method A switch from propofol to etomidate was therefore undertaken in these patients at the next treatment to achieve longer seizure duration. Results In 11 of the 12 patients, a remarkable increase in seizure duration was recorded after the change of anesthetic. The mean seizure duration increased from 18.6 to 43.4 s and remained at that level for the following ECT session. The increase was highly significant (t11 = 3.772, p < 0.001). The mean motor seizure also changed from 11.6 to 27.5 s (t11 = 5.560, p < 0.003) and remained there for the next treatment. Discussion Our data show that the switch more than doubles EEG seizure duration and suggest that etomidate can be used instead of methohexital as an alternative in patients with short seizure duration. It is also a potential option to avoid the pain frequently associated with the injection of propofol.
Survey of Real-Time Communication in CSMA-Based Networks

The purpose of this paper is to survey the state-of-the-art on real-time (RT) communication in CSMA-based networks and to identify the most suitable approaches to deal with the requirements imposed by next generation communication environments. The paper focuses in the two of the most relevant solutions that operate in shared broadcast environments, according to the CSMA medium access protocol (IEEE 802.3/802.11). RT communication solutions are classified according to two classification axes. The first axis is related to how collisions are dealt with. A second classification axis is related to the compatibility degree achieved by each of the proposed approaches. Finally, a RT communication framework that is adequate to support RT communication in shared environments is briefly discussed.
Functional movement screening: predicting injuries in officer candidates.

PURPOSE Functional movement screening (FMS) is a musculoskeletal assessment method that incorporates seven movements and yields an overall score based on movement quality. The objectives of this study were to document the distribution of scores and to determine whether FMS scores could predict injury in a large military cohort. METHODS A cohort of 874 Marine officer candidates were recruited, consented, completed demographic questionnaires, and had FMS performed during medical in-processing. Candidates were enrolled in either long-cycle (LC: 68 d; n = 427) or short-cycle (SC: 38 d; n = 447) training and followed up for injuries occurring in training. RESULTS The mean FMS score (score range = 0-21) among all candidates was 16.6 ± 1.7; approximately 10% of candidates had FMS scores ≤14. A score of ≤14 on the FMS predicted any injury with a sensitivity of 0.45 and a specificity of 0.71 and serious injury with a sensitivity of 0.12 and a specificity of 0.94. Both LC and SC cohorts demonstrated higher injury risk among candidates who had scores ≤14 compared with those with scores >14 (LC: risk ratio (RR) = 1.65, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-2.59, P = 0.03; SC: RR = 1.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.21-3.01, P < 0.01). Overall, 79.8% of persons with scores ≤14 were in the group with fitness scores <280 (/300), whereas only 6.6% of candidates in the group with fitness scores ≥280 had scores ≤14. CONCLUSIONS This was the first large-scale study performed in an active-duty military cohort to examine the utility of FMS during medical in-processing. Further work is warranted to evaluate FMS and the potential for injury prediction and prevention.
Effects of Nitrogen ( N ) Fertilizer and Plant Spacing on the Growth and Rhizome Yield of Turmeric ( Curcuma Longa L . ) in Ibadan South-West Nigeria

Field study were conducted in 2013 at the National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan to determine effects of Nitrogen (N) fertilizer and plant spacing on the growth and rhizome yield of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in south-west Nigeria. The treatments consist of five nitrogen fertilizer rates: 0, 60, 90, 120 and 150kgNha -1 applied in the form of urea and three plant spacings: 25×20cm, 25×25cm and 25×30cm, with turmeric as the test crop. The 3x5 factorial was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated thrice. The data collected were plant height (cm), number of leaves, stem girth (cm), weight of rhizome (g) and length of rhizome (cm). The results showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) influenced of N fertilizer and plant spacing on turmeric growth and rhizome yield. Application of 120kgNha -1 with 25x25cm plant spacing produced the best rhizome yield of 70t ha -1 while the least yield of 28 t ha -1 was obtained from 0kgNha -1 with 25x30cm spacing (widest spacing). During the cropping period, turmeric produced total yield of 70t ha -1 . It was concluded that application of N fertilizer applied at 120kgha ̄1 with plant spacing at 25x25cm will enhance the growth and yield of turmeric.
Incidence and prognostic significance of vascular invasion in 529 gastric‐cancer patients

The prognostic significance of blood‐vessel invasion (BVI) and lymphatic‐vessel invasion (LVI) was evaluated in a retrospective series of 529 gastric‐cancer patients who underwent potentially curative surgery. Evidence for BVI was found in 127 patients (24.0%), while LVI was demonstrated in 245 patients (46.3%). The incidence of both BVI and LVI run parallel to increasing tumor size and tumor stage as well as to decreasing grade of tumor differentiation. The incidence of BVI and LVI was higher in lymph‐node‐positive patients than in lymph‐node‐negative patients. The 5‐year‐survival rate was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in patients with BVI or LVI (14.9% and 22.2% respectively) than in patients without BVI or LVI (54.7% and 64.1% respectively). Both BVI and LVI were shown to be prognostic factors independent of tumor stage, grade of differentiation or lymph‐node involvement. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, the gain of prognostic information provided by the evidence of BVI and LVI was shown to exceed the information obtained by the combination of tumor stage, grade of differentiation and lymph‐node involvement. A careful search for vascular invasion in gastric cancer may therefore provide additional useful information for identifying patients who are at high risk and who may be candidates for adjuvant therapy in future clinical trials.
Particles Separation and Tracks in a Hydrocyclone

Hydrocyclone separation technique recently has been used in an increasing number of applications. Reynolds Stress Turbulence Model (RSM) and Discrete Phase Model (DPM) were employed in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 3D simulation to draw the motion trace of single particle of different particle size and density in hydrocyclone separator. It is known that, smaller size particles flow out from overflow, larger size particles flow out from underflow, and there is a characteristic size of particles having longer residence time in hydrocyclone separator. Particle size influences separation efficiency more significantly than particle density. Simulation of particle cluster separation efficiency in hydrocyclone separator has some discrepancy from experimental result. It is because air core influence is not considered in this study.
Crowd intelligence enhances automated mobile testing

We show that information extracted from crowd-based testing can enhance automated mobile testing. We introduce Polariz, which generates replicable test scripts from crowd-based testing, extracting cross-app ‘motif’ events: automatically-inferred reusable higher-level event sequences composed of lower-level observed event actions. Our empirical study used 434 crowd workers from Mechanical Turk to perform 1,350 testing tasks on 9 popular Google Play apps, each with at least 1 million user installs. The findings reveal that the crowd was able to achieve 60.5% unique activity coverage and proved to be complementary to automated search-based testing in 5 out of the 9 subjects studied. Our leave-one-out evaluation demonstrates that coverage attainment can be improved (6 out of 9 cases, with no disimprovement on the remaining 3) by combining crowd-based and search-based testing.
How to Identify the Most Powerful Node in Complex Networks? A Novel Entropy Centrality Approach

Centrality is one of the most studied concepts in network analysis. Despite an abundance of methods for measuring centrality in social networks has been proposed, each approach exclusively characterizes limited parts of what it implies for an actor to be “vital” to the network. In this paper, a novel mechanism is proposed to quantitatively measure centrality using the re-defined entropy centrality model, which is based on decompositions of a graph into subgraphs and analysis on the entropy of neighbor nodes. By design, the re-defined entropy centrality which describes associations among node pairs and captures the process of influence propagation can be interpreted explained as a measure of actor potential for communication activity. We evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model by using four real-world datasets with varied sizes and densities and three artificial networks constructed by models including Barabasi-Albert, Erdos-Renyi and Watts-Stroggatz. The four datasets are Zachary’s karate club, USAir97, Collaboration network and Email network URV respectively. Extensive experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Pluripotent stem cells escape from senescence-associated DNA methylation changes

Pluripotent stem cells evade replicative senescence, whereas other primary cells lose their proliferation and differentiation potential after a limited number of cell divisions, and this is accompanied by specific senescence-associated DNA methylation (SA-DNAm) changes. Here, we investigate SA-DNAm changes in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) upon long-term culture, irradiation-induced senescence, immortalization, and reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) using high-density HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. SA-DNAm changes are highly reproducible and they are enriched in intergenic and nonpromoter regions of developmental genes. Furthermore, SA-hypomethylation in particular appears to be associated with H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and Polycomb-group 2 target genes. We demonstrate that ionizing irradiation, although associated with a senescence phenotype, does not affect SA-DNAm. Furthermore, overexpression of the catalytic subunit of the human telomerase (TERT) or conditional immortalization with a doxycycline-inducible system (TERT and SV40-TAg) result in telomere extension, but do not prevent SA-DNAm. In contrast, we demonstrate that reprogramming into iPSC prevents almost the entire set of SA-DNAm changes. Our results indicate that long-term culture is associated with an epigenetically controlled process that stalls cells in a particular functional state, whereas irradiation-induced senescence and immortalization are not causally related to this process. Absence of SA-DNAm in pluripotent cells may play a central role for their escape from cellular senescence.
Static Vehicle Detection and Analysis in Aerial Imagery using Depth

This report proposes an approach to automatically detect static vehicles in an outdoor parking space using depth. The relevant 3D information is generated from a Digital Surface Model (DSM), which is a result of a novel and existing technique to solve camera pose estimation and dense reconstruction simultaneously. Validation using local 2D features, based on existing methods, is then done to ensure better detection rates. Further, performance of the detection system is evaluated by changing the internal parameterization of 3D model generation and the dependence is analyzed.