Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ERRATUM for a missing eComment 'Malignant pleural mesothelioma: a therapeutic challenge'

In the article by Tokunaga et al. [1] regarding the multimodal treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), the authors in their conclusion suggested that treatment with extrapleural pneumonectomy and postoperative intrathoracic chemo-thermotherapy with radiofrequency waves is a promising therapy [1]. We would like to add a brief comment related to our experience with the surgical multi-modality management of MPM.
Skin temperature changes during a footbath in patients who had had a stroke with consequent sensory impairment.

AIM The objectives of this study were to examine skin temperature changes on the unaffected and affected sides as well as changes in perceived temperature and comfort during a footbath in patients who had had a stroke with consequent sensory impairment. METHODS The study used a quasi-experimental design in which the results of intervention for patients who had had a stroke and healthy adults were compared. The subjects were 20 patients who had had a stroke with consequent sensory impairment and 20 healthy adults. RESULTS Before the footbath, the skin temperature of the dorsum of the foot on the affected side of the patient who had had a stroke was lower than that of the foot on the unaffected side. Five minutes after the start of the footbath, however, the relationship reversed, with the skin temperature on the affected side increasing in parallel with the water temperature. After the footbath, the dorsum skin temperature on the affected side was again lower than that on the unaffected side. In healthy adults, a difference was found in dorsum skin temperature between the left and right feet. In contrast with patients who had had a stroke, no reversal of the sides was found with the lower and higher temperature. CONCLUSION Unlike in the healthy adults, the skin temperature of the patients who had had a stroke with consequent sensory impairment was susceptible to changes in the external environment. However, no significant changes in the physiological indices were seen, while perceived temperature and comfort remained at high levels after the footbath.
Association of BRCA1/2 mutation and TP53 over-expression with sporadic vs. hereditary Iraqi ovarian cancer patients.

Aims: In Iraq, ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of death, and the 6th in the list of most common cancers. While TP53 is the most common tumor suppressor gene involved with human malignancies, ovarian cancer is already known to be linked to the variations in the breast cancer genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 . Herein we aim to estimate the rate of BRCA1, BRCA2 gene mutation and TP53 immuno-expression in patients with hereditary vs. sporadic ovarian cancer and to show the correlation of these biomarkers to some clinicopathological parameters. Study Design: This is a correlational case-control study design. Place and Study: The present study microbiology; Genetic College Samples taken Methodology: carcinoma and 28 hereditary), thirty women Genetic study PCR technique was employed for BRCA1/2 gene mutation detection. Avidin-Biotin Complex (ABC) method was employed for immune-histochemical detection of Tp53 gene over-expression. Results: BRCA1l2 gene mutation was found in 21 and 13 cases out of 28 hereditary and 30 sporadic ovarian cancer cases respectively. TP53 over-expression was detected in 18 and 17 cases out of 28 hereditary and 30 sporadic ovarian cancer cases. BRCA1l2 gene mutation and TP53 over-expression was reported more frequently in higher stage of tumor ( P =0.05). The large majority of cases were diagnosed in later ages, patients with sporadic cancer got the disease later than hereditary ones. Conclusion: BRCA1 / 2 and Tp53 genes alterations appears to be more important in hereditary than in sporadic ovarian cancer pathogenesis and evolution, as they are frequently associated with biologically aggressive tumors (high stages). Furthermore, TP53 gene over-expression was found to be more correlated with the cancer occurrence than BRCA1 / 2 mutation.
Effect of Lamotrigine on fetal rat brain morphology

Background and Objectives : Lamotrigine is a “second generation” anti-epileptic drug (AED) approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is the first FDA-approved therapy after Lithium for maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder. It crosses the placenta easily indicating that the maternal treatment leads to a considerable fetal exposure. This study is planned to study the morphological and histological changes induced by Lamotrigine in the fetal rat brain. Material and Methods: The morphological effect of lamotrigine on fetal rat brain was studied after giving four times its recommended therapeutic dose to 12 pregnant rats and placebo to 6 control rats during the period of organogenesis. The rats were sacrificed on the twentieth day of pregnancy. Body weight, body length, brain weight, brain volume, histological examination of the cerebral cortex and ventricular size of all the delivered fetuses were studied. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the data. Results: There was no significant difference in mean body weight, mean body length, mean brain weight and mean brain volume in control and experimental rat fetuses. However one lamotrigine exposed rat fetus had exencephalic malformation and its histological study of the cerebral cortex revealed ill defined plexiform layer and dilated lateral ventricle. Conclusion: Probability that lamotrigine produces congenital malformation in fetal rats, when used during pregnancy, is low. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i1. 7883 Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (1):26-29
Risk factors associated with stillbirths in the rural area of Western Maharashtra, India

Background: Overall perinatal mortality rates have fallen considerably in the past several decades but fetal deaths have not decreased as rapidly as the neonatal portion. In 2009, two-third of the stillbirths in the world occurred in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa and 55% stillbirths occurred in rural families from these regions. Knowledge of the relative importance of the different causes of stillbirth and neonatal deaths in developing countries is still lacking. Objective: A retrospective to assess the extent of stillbirths in a teaching hospital located in rural area. To study various causative and contributing factors for stillbirths. Materials and Methods: All the case records of the deliveries occurred in the study setting during study period (April 2009 to March 2010) were evaluated with the help of a predesigned proforma. Total 3,458 deliveries occurred, of them 141 were stillbirths. Results: Total 75.6% stillbirths occurred to the women in the age group of 20-35 years. Most of the stillbirths were preterm (67.3%) as compared to term or post-date deliveries. Significant association was observed between gestational age and stillbirth. Total 82 (58.15%) babies had low birth weight. Maternal factors were responsible for majority of stillbirths (53.19%) while 34% stillbirths were idiopathic. Conclusion: More than half of the stillbirths were associated with maternal factors like pregnancy-induced hypertension, antepartum hemorrhage and anemia. Improvement in availing essential obstetric care can reduce the magnitude of stillbirths.
Measuring and assessing individual external doses during the rehabilitation phase in Iitate village after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident

After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in 2011, Iitate village was placed under an evacuation order because the level of radioactive materials drifting from the nuclear plant to the village was above a government-set level for allowing residents to live in the area. The evacuation advisory for most of the village was lifted on 31 March 2017. For displaced residents deciding whether or not to return to their homes, it is important to correctly understand and estimate the realistic individual external doses they will receive after returning to the village. In this study, with the support of residents of the village, we used a personal dosimeter (D-Shuttle) coupled with a global positioning system device to measure and thus understand realistic individual external doses while the residents were in Iitate village and to project the individual external doses for different administrative districts as of 1 April 2017. The measured individual external doses measured by D-Shuttle for 38 study participants showed that the doses measured during time spent inside the village were higher and more widely distributed than the doses measured during time spent outside the village. The exposure ratio (ER) was defined as the ratio of additional individual external dose measured by D-Shuttle to the additional ambient dose based on an airborne monitoring survey. The medians of the average ERs were 0.13 (min–max 0.06–0.27) for time spent at home and 0.18 (min–max 0.08–0.36) for time spent outdoors. Projected additional annual individual external doses as of 1 April 2017 for different administrative districts in the village were calculated using ERs obtained in this study. Assuming that individuals spent 8 h per day on outdoor activities and 16 h on indoor activities, additional annual individual external doses were estimated to be below 3 mSv using the mean of the average ERs for most districts in the village, and these values were well below the individual external doses estimated using the approach taken by the central government. The results of this study provide valuable information both for understanding realistic radiological situations in the village and for those who want to know their future individual external dose in order to make a decision on whether or not to live in the village.
Abdominal Hysterectomy or Abdominal Myomectomy for Symptomatic Leiomyoma: A Comparison of Preoperative Demography and Postoperative Morbidity

ABSTRACT This retrospective study directly compared the morbidities associated with abdominal hysterectomy and abdominal myomectomy for the treatment of symptomatic leiomyomas in premenopausal women. Medical records of consecutive inpatients with a discharge diagnosis of leiomyoma who underwent operative therapy from July 1990 through June 1991 were reviewed. A total of 313 patients met inclusion criteria and were available for analysis. Women undergoing hysterectomy (n = 204) were older (42.8 ± 0.3 vs 35.8 ± 0.5 years, mean ± SEM, p < 0.0001) and had greater mean gravidity (1.9 ± 0.1 vs 0.7 ± 0.1, p < 0.0001) and parity (1.4 ± 0.1 vs 0.3 ± 0.1, p < 0.0001) than women undergoing myomectomy (n = 109). Preoperative indications, symptoms, and preoperative uterine size were comparable between groups. There was no difference between the groups in the mean length of the procedure, the proportion of patients receiving blood transfusions, or the mean length of hospital stay. Women undergoing hysterectomy had a gr.
On Stable Fluctuation in Survival of Treated Breast Cancer Patients

The earlier studies of some authors of this paper showed that, contrary to the theoretical expectations, the mortality rate of cancer patients treated with radio- or chemotherapy had not been changing monotonically with age, but experienced several repetitive cycles during the last 2-3 years of life [ESRB, 2004]. As the number of cases in this earlier investigation was limited, we tested the statistical validity of this finding using different data sets with a larger number of cases. For these purposes we investigated the survival curves for i) 3 different stages of breast cancer (T1N1-2M0 ,T2N1-2M0 ,T3-4N1-2M0) extracted from the Finnish Cancer Registry that covered a time period 1945-79(n=333) and ii) 12 different age groups of breast cancer (covering age interval 30-89 years) extracted from the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Registry (n=83536). Parametric methods were used to describe the survival curves by exponential functions (i.e., using one-compartment models with constant death rate k, or two-compartment models with k1 and k2 as death rates in each compartment), and harmonic function allowing for estimation of repetition period Tcycle of quasi-sinusoidal disturbances of the monotonic dumped exponential path. Nonparametric methods such as smoothing, spectral analysis, and a series of non-parametric tests were used to confirm the findings of parametric analyses and investigate statistical significance of the estimated periods. We found that there exists a life span region of 0-40 months in which fluctuations in survival curve and respective hazard rates are detectable. The period of such fluctuations, Tcycle, is in reciprocal relation with k value and varies within 5  more, then 40 months. The Tcycle varies dependent on diagnosed cancer, or age at diagnosis. The Tcycle shows a maximum of 40-54 years-old subjects being described as n-order polynomial function of age. The Tcycle is shortening along as cancer stages increase. In the cases when the survival curves allow for decomposition into two compartments, associated with different rates of mortality k1 and k2, the Tcycle can be associated with k corresponding to dominant compartment. In view of this, the phenomenon of stable fluctuations in survival can be understood if to assume an existence of certain physiological processes correlated with or even defined by the probability of death. We formulate respective hypotheses about the relation of this phenomenon with regular pre-death instabilities in physiological systems and first of all in stem and progenitor cells compartments of the hematopoietic system.
Developing New Mental Health Services for Looked after Children: A Focus Group Study

Looked after children have extensive mental health needs that are not often met by current mental health service provision. Jane Callaghan, Bridget Young, Maxine Richards and Panos Vostanis describe the use of focus groups with various stakeholders — social services staff, foster carers and residential social workers — to inform the development of a specialist mental health team for looked after children. Thirteen focus groups were conducted, comprising 58 participants in total, and all sessions were audio-taped and transcribed. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method and this revealed several emergent themes: difficulties accessing mental health services, the importance of developing a working partnership between child and adolescent mental health services, social services and foster carers, the need for consultation, and the importance of developing a service that is appropriate to the specific needs of looked after children. The newly developed model of mental health provision for looked after children is described, and the ways in which its form was influenced by the issues identified in focus groups are highlighted.
A population-level analysis of 5620 recipients of multiple in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts.

BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data examining the epidemiology of recipients of multiple in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts, and their outcomes. METHODS DATA SOURCE Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2000 to 2009. Patient characteristics, survival to discharge, discharge disposition, and cost of hospitalization of patients who had 1 versus multiple (>1) CPR attempts were compared using bivariate and multivariate methods. RESULTS Of 166,519 hospitalized CPR recipients, 3.4% had multiple CPR attempts. Compared with 1-time CPR recipients, those undergoing multiple CPR were younger (age <65 years; 37.3% vs 42.5%, respectively), more often nonwhite (34.2% vs 41.4%), and commonly treated in nonteaching hospitals (58.0% vs 64.5%; all P < 0.001). Survival to discharge decreased by >40% for each additional CPR attempt (23.4% vs 11.9%, and 6.7% for 1, 2, and ≥3 CPR attempts, respectively; P < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, multiple CPR was independently associated with a lower survival to discharge (odds ratio: 0.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.37-0.44, P < 0.001). Recipients of multiple CPR were more likely to be discharged to destinations other than home (80.7% vs 70.1%, P < 0.001); 1 in 15 survivors of multiple CPR were discharged to hospice (6.8%), compared with 1 in 23 patients (4.3%) who had 1 CPR (P = 0.002). The average cost per day of hospitalization was higher for patients who had multiple CPR versus 1 CPR ($4484.60 vs $3581.40, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Recipients of multiple in-hospital CPR attempts are more likely to be younger, nonwhite, and treated in nonteaching hospitals. Survival to discharge is significantly worse, and the cost of hospitalization is considerably higher for these patients.
Research and publication trends in hospital medicine.

BACKGROUND Research by hospitalists may aid the evolution of hospital medicine into an academic specialty. OBJECTIVE To describe the factors associated with research and publication activities among hospitalists and describe trends in hospitalist-led publications. METHODS We surveyed members of the Society of Hospital Medicine in June 2012 and conducted univariate analyses on their responses to determine predictors of successful authorship and to describe factors associated with research engagement. We searched PubMed from the database inception to October 2013 for publications with "hospitalist" or "hospital medicine" affiliated authors. Original research articles were reviewed for methodology and funding sources. RESULTS Of the 645 respondents (5.8% response rate), 277 (43%) had authored peer-reviewed publications, 126 (19%) had access to mentorship, and 68 (11%) reported funding support. There were 213 (33%) who were engaged in research, with the majority conducting quality improvement (QI) research (n = 152, 24%). Completion of a fellowship, pediatrics training, the presence of a mentor, funding, and >25% protected time for research were each individually associated with an increased likelihood of authoring publications. Hospitalist-led publications in PubMed have been increasing from 36 in 2006 to 179 in the first 10 months of 2013. Of the original research publications (n = 317), the majority were clinical (n = 129, 41%), and 58 (18%) were QI. Thirty-nine (22%) authors reported funding support. CONCLUSIONS Peer-reviewed publications by hospitalists are increasing, suggesting the academic maturation of hospital medicine. Provision of mentorship for hospitalists specifically in QI and guidance toward funding resources may assist in supporting this trend.
Bevacizumab: current indications and future development for management of solid tumors

Background: Angiogenesis is essential for cancer growth and metastasis. VEGF is a key modulator of angiogenesis and its overexpression is correlated with advanced disease and poor prognosis. Bevacizumab, a recombinant humanized anti-VEGF mAb, is the most clinically advanced anti-angiogenic agent. Although bevacizumab has received most attention for first-line treatment of advanced colorectal and non-small-cell lung cancer, there is a rapidly growing body of evidence for its efficacy in treatment of a number of other solid tumors. Objective/methods: We present the background, current status, and important ongoing trials involving the use of bevacizumab therapy. Results/conclusions: Bevacizumab has an established role in the treatment of metastatic colon, breast, and lung cancer. Yet many questions remain on its use in other disease types and demographic groups.
Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in Bassa Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria

The prevalence rate of bovine trypanosomosis in Bassa Local Government Area of Plateau State was studied over a period of twenty-four months (Jan. 1999-Dec. 2000). A total of 1,300 whole blood samples collected via jugular venipuncture and examined for trypanosomosis using standard trypanosome detection method. The overall prevalence rate revealed that 13.08 % of the 1,300 screened were positive. Animals over than 5 years' old had an infection rates of 58.8 % and the least age-group were the younger age less than 2 years old (11.8 %). There was no statistical significant difference between the age group (p>0.05). Breed specific rates showed that white Fulani (14.6 %) had higher infection than the red Bororos (7.6 %, p 0.05). Distribution of trypanosomes infection rate between rainy and dry seasons and also that of the locations showed no statistically significant difference between the seasons and the areas of study (p>0.05). The PCV of the infected and non infected animals showed statistically significant difference (p Keywords : prevalence, bovine, trypanosomosis, Bassa. Nigerian Journal of Parasitology Vol. 29 (2) 2008: pp. 136-139
Red blood cell transfusion: impact of an education program and a clinical guideline on transfusion practice.

BACKGROUND Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion guidelines have been developed by professional societies. These guidelines recommend a restrictive RBC transfusion practice for most clinical populations. Despite the consistency of guidelines and limited evidence for RBC transfusion efficacy, there is variability in RBC transfusion practice. METHODS A program was initiated in a tertiary medical center to align RBC transfusion practice with best-practice RBC transfusion guidelines. The program included an educational program, followed after 6 months by RBC transfusion decision support that included the approval of a best-practice RBC transfusion guideline by the hospital medical board and an RBC transfusion order form that included the guideline recommendations. RBC transfusion practice was followed over an 18-month period and compared with transfusion practice over the prior 18 months. The primary outcome variables were adult inpatient RBC units transfused, RBC units per admission, and RBC units per 100 patient-days. RESULTS The mean RBC units transfused decreased with initiation of each component of the program: from 923 ± 68 units to 852 ± 40 (P = 0.025) with education and further to 690 ± 52 (P < 0.0001) with the RBC transfusion decision support. Similarly, RBC transfusions per 100 patient-days fell from 10.56 ± 0.80 to 9.69 ± 0.49 (P = 0.02) and to 7.68 ± 0.63 (P = 0.0001) during the 3 time periods. CONCLUSION An education program coupled with institutional adoption of a best-practice RBC transfusion guideline and RBC transfusion order set resulted in a reduction in total RBC units transfused.
Fabrication of graphene–silicon layered heterostructures by carbon penetration of silicon film

A new, easy, in situ technique for fabricating a two-dimensional graphene–silicon layered heterostructure has been developed to meet the demand for integration between graphene and silicon-based microelectronic technology. First, carbon atoms are stored in bulk iridium, and then silicon atoms are deposited onto the Ir(111) surface and annealed. With longer annealing times, the carbon atoms penetrate from the bulk iridium to the top of the silicon and eventually coalesce there into graphene islands. Atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy images, high-pass fast Fourier transform treatment and Raman spectroscopy demonstrate that the top graphene layer is intact and continuous, and beneath it is the silicon layer.