Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sudden Spikes in Global Risk

Recent episodes (October 2008, May 2010, August 2011) have witnessed huge spikes in equity price risk (implied volatility). Apart from their large size, several features characterize these risk panics. They are global phenomena, shared among a broad set of countries. There is substantial variation though in the extent to which individual countries are impacted, while the impact bears little relation to financial linkages with the epicenter of the crisis. In addition there is usually not a large shock to fundamentals that sets off these panics. We provide an explanation for these risk panic features in the context of a two-country model that allows for self-fulfilling shifts in risk.
The crystal structure of peprossiite-(Ce), an anhydrous REE and Al mica-like borate with square-pyramidal coordination for Al

Abstract Single-crystal structure refinements are presented of the holotype of crystal peprossiite-(Ce) (Monte Cavalluccio) and of a new sample from Cura di Vetralla (Viterbo, Italy) with slightly different composition, together with new EMP-SIMS chemical analyses. These results allow us to propose a new unit formula: [REE1-x-y(Th,U)xCay](Al3O)2/3[(B4-zSiz)]O10 with x - y + z = 1/3 (Z = 1) for the peprossiite group. Lattice constants for the holotype crystal are: a = 4.612(1), c = 9.374(3) Å, V = 172.6 Å3, Z = 1, space group P6̅ 2m. The crystal structure was solved by Patterson methods and refined to Robs = 1.8% (Rall = 2.2%) for 706 unique reflections in the 2q-range 6-136°. Lattice constants for the thorian peprossiite-(Ce) from Cura di Vetralla are: a = 4.596(3), c = 9.309(16) Å, V = 170.3 Å3, and the structure was refined to Robs = 2.9% and Rall = 3.0% for 271 unique reflections in the 2θ-range 4-80°. The topology of the tetrahedral layer and the site of the inter-layer cation (REE) in peprossiite resembles that of dioctahedral micas. The main difference lies in the presence of layers of pyramids instead of layers of octahedra typical of mica. In peprossiite, Al is coordinated by five O atoms in a nearly square-pyramidal arrangement, the base of which is formed by pairs of apical O atoms from two layers of tetrahedra related by a mirror plane. Three of these pyramids share their apical O forming Al3O groups with occupancy of 2/3 according to the structure refinement. A model is proposed that explains the apparent disorder in the pyramidal layer of peprossiite by the stacking within a triple cell (with a′ = a √ 3 and a ^ a′ = 30°) of three ordered layers randomly translated by ± a.
Effects of Vitamin A on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status and Blood Constituents in Lactating Grey Goat

Problem statement: It is regarded that vitamin A protects cells from damage by radicals which are believed to contribute to certain chronic diseases and regulates immune function of animals by protection of mucosal epithelium acting as the first defense barrier. All these properties of vitamin A may be attributable to its antioxidant activity. This study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of vitamin A on growth performance, antioxidant status and blood constituents of lactating ewes. Approach: Thirty-two multiparous lactating ewes of Grey goat (BW = 35.1 ± 1.1 kg) were divided into four groups of eight with four different supplementing levels of vitamin A (0, 2000, 3000 and 5000 IU kg−1 DM). Ewes were fed in individual lot at ad libitum intake and had free access to water. Average daily feed intake and average milk yield of ewes were measured weekly. Blood was obtained every 14 days to evaluate activities of antioxidant enzymes, blood constituents and vitamin A levels in serum. Results: In general, feed intake, milk yield and feed efficiency were not affected by vitamin A supplementation. However, supplementation of vitamin A increased (p 0.05) among treatments. Conclusion/Recommendations: Addition of vitamin A improved antioxidant status of lactating Grey goat thereby enhanced their immune function. The optimum level of vitamin A supplementation for this purpose was between 2000 and 3000 IU kg−1 DM.
67 Patients in Instrumented Spine Infections: A Preliminary Data Set of An Analysis of Implant Retention and Antibiotic Suppression

Background: It is unclear whether patients can be taken off suppressive antibiotics with infected retained instrumentation. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the perioperative course and antibiotic regimen that led to the clinical intervention of patients with infected spinal instrumentation. Methods: Consecutive adult patients with spine instrumentation who suffered surgical site infections (SSI) requiring debridement were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were grouped into 4 cohorts based on their clinical intervention: removal of instrumentation, reinstrumentation, retention of instrumentation with continued antibiotic suppression, and retention of instrumentation with no antibiotic suppression. Patient factors, infection factors, debridement, and antibiosis were compared. Results: Of the 67 patients with SSI after spine surgery and instrumentation, 19 (28%) had their instrumentation removed, 6 (9%) had their instrumentation exchanged, 25 (37%) had their instrumentation retained and were on antibiotic suppression, and 17 (25%) had their instrumentation retained without any suppression. Those who had their instrumentation removed had a later presentation of their infection averaging 85 days (range 6–280 days) postoperatively. There was an earlier presentation for those who retained their implants, with suppression averaging 19 days (range 9–39) and no suppression averaging 29 days (range 6–90 days) post operatively ( P , .001). Conclusions: None of the patients with retained instrumentation without suppression had recurrence of infections after long-term follow-up. Lifelong antibiotic suppression may not be required with SSI that present early after early aggressive debridement. Patients with infections detected later are difficult to treat without removal of their original instrumentation. Clinical Relevance: This study presents the outcomes of surgical and antibiotic factors in patients with infected spinal instrumentation.
MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ROUNDHOUSE KICK ACCORDING TO THE STANCE POSITION. A PILOT STUDY

In taekwondo combats, kick performance can be affected by the stance position. The aim of this study was to analyze mechanical variables in the roundhouse kick in taekwondo according to three stance positions (0o, 45o, 90o). Two high-level athletes participated in the study. Mechanical analysis was measured by two 3-D force plates and an eight-camera motion capture system. Data analyses were processed using Visual 3D software. From the 0o and 45o stance positions athletes kicked in less execution time and total response time than from the 90o stance position (p < 0.05). Moreover, the GRF predicted a high percentage of the variance of performance. Finally, the 0o and 45o stance positions seem more appropiate than the 90o stance position.
Antibiotic Profile of Urinary Pathogens in a Tertiary Hospital, in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an inflammatory disease of any part of the urinary system namely: kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra, secondary to microorganism invasion. UTI can be classified into lower or upper, depending on Urinary tract infections (UTI) have the potential for serious and life-threatening sequelae if left untreated or poorly treated. Empirical antibiotics treatment may be warranted in the face of symptomatic infections pending availability of laboratory results, hence the need to study the prevalent pathogen in a particular location and its susceptibility pattern to enable healthcare providers make informed decision on their choice of drug treatment for patients. We review 1,658 suspected cases of Urinary Tract Infections analysed between January 2014 and September 2015 (20 months) for bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. The results showed that there were 856 females and 802 males. Majority of the males were >40 years of age (55.49%) while majority of the females were between 21-40 years age group(62.74%). Organisms isolated include E.coli (54.42%), Pseudomonas spp (6.19%), Klebsiella spp (20.13%), Proteus spp (14.38%), Enterococcus feacalis (4.87%) All isolates had some level of resistance to each antibiotic tested. Ceftriaxone (65%) showed highest level of sensitivity to E. coli, followed by ofloxacin (58.5%), ciprofloxacin (56.5%), and levofloxacin (51.2%). Lowest level of sensitivity to erythromycin (8.9%) and cotrimoxazole (1.6%) was seen among isolates. All isolates were however found to have appreciable sensitivity to Ofloxacin. E.feacalis isolate had 100% sensitivity to Ofloxacin, levonofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole. in contrast to 50% sensitivity to Augmentin. The low level of sensitivity seen in this study is not unconnected to the poor regulation of antibiotic usage in our environment. This is a heavy challenge to the Ministry of Health and other stakeholders in our health sector. K e y w o r d s
Effect of Ferulago angulata sub. carduchorum on total serum antioxidant activity and some of the humoral immune responses in broiler chicks

Background & Aim: Ferulago angulata sub. carduchorum (locally name: Chavir or Chavil) is an important medicinal plant in Iran. The powder of aerial parts of this plant contains variety of components with different therapeutical effects such as antioxidant activities (AOA). This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation powder of aerial parts of this plant on total activities of serum antioxidant and some of the humoral immune responses in broiler chicks. Experimental: Three hundred of 16 days-old commercial chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to six treatments with five replicates. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet as control (A), 100 ppm (150 IU) of vitamin E (B), 70 g / 100 kg Flavofosfolipol (C), 0.3% (D), 0.6% (E), and 1% (F) of the powder of the aerial parts of this plant added to the basal diet. At 25 days, from each treatment of experiment, two chicks were randomly selected and sheep red blood cell (SRBC) was injected through their wings veins. At 30 days, blood samples (ten sample of per treatment) for the test of antibody measurement produced against SRBC, the influenza virus and Newcastle were prepared. Moreover, with the blood extension and numbering of Hetrophil and Lymphocyte calculated and hetrophil to lymphocyte ratio were estimated. At 42 days, blood samples (ten samples per treatment) were taken for measuring total activities of serum antioxidant. Results & Discussion: Results indicated that supplementing of 0.6% of F. angulata significantly increased total activities of serum antioxidant compared to control birds (p ≤ 0.05). There is no significant difference among the treatments of experiment in the number of Hetrophil, Lymphocyte their ratio and the antibody against the virus of Newcastle and SRBC. However, this antibody against the influenza virus at the treatment of 3 g/kg F. angulata in comparison to control treatment was more.
Investigation of the maximum Young's modulus of thyroid nodules using two-dimensional shear wave elastography in thyroid nodules

Objective: To investigate the maximum Young’s modulus (SWE-max) of thyroid nodules using twodimensional Shear Wave Elastography (2D-SWE) in thyroid nodules. Young's modulus is a measure of the stiffness of a solid material. It defines the relationship between stress (force per unit area) and strain (proportional deformation) in a material. Materials and Method: A total of 244 patients with 289 nodules schedules for thyroid operation or fineneedle aspiration were recruited in our study. 2D-SWE examinations were performed after the greyscale ultrasound to get the maximum Young’s modulus of thyroid nodules, which were then correlated with pathology results. Then we investigate the distribution of the SWE-max by using logarithmic normal distribution. Finally we presented the association in differentiation the quality of thyroid nodules with the nodule’s SWE-max. Result: The mean age was 45.58 ± 12.15 years old. Of all these 244 patients, 18 (7.4%) exhibited with multiple nodules and 226 (92.6%) presented with single nodules were included in this study. The mean diameter of 289 nodules was 12.7 ± 6.4 cm. If SWE-max ≥ 120 kPa, the nodule was highly suspicious for malignancy. If 120>SWE-max ≥ 69 kPathe nodule was suspicious for malignancy. It indicated that the possibility for malignancy was higher than benignancy. 69 kPa was considered as the expected value for malignant nodules. If 69 kPa>SWE-max ≥ 45 kPa, the nodule was indeterminate. If 45 kPa>SWE-max, the nodule was suspicious for benignancy. Conclusion: 2D-SWE imaging can provide quantitative information about thyroid nodules’ stiffness. And the quantitative parameters are effective in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
Heterologous screening of hybridomas for the development of broad-specific monoclonal antibodies against deoxynivalenol and its analogues

Hapten heterology was introduced into the steps of hybridoma selection for the development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against deoxynivalenol (DON). Firstly, a novel heterologous DON hapten was synthesised and covalently coupled to proteins (i.e. bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin and horseradish peroxidase) using the linkage of cyanuric chloride (CC). After immunisation, antisera from different DON immunogens were checked for the presence of useful antibodies. Next, both homologous and heterologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were conducted to screen for hybridomas. It was found that heterologous screening could significantly reduce the proportion of false positives and appeared to be an efficient approach for selecting hybridomas of interest. This strategy resulted in two kinds of broad-selective MAbs against DON and its analogues. They were quite distinct from other reported DON-antibodies in their cross-reactivity profiles. A unique MAb 13H1 derived from DON-CC-BSA immunogen could recogn.
12 Noninvasive Alternatives to Liver Biopsy

During the past 60 years the role and importance of liver biopsy have changed. In 1950s the introduction of liver puncture biopsy was absolute innovation, e.g. in Latvia, and had an invaluable significance. The possibility to compare and/or oppose alterations of liver structure and liver function was achieved and it caused the information explosion. The spectrum of morphological research included investigations of liver tissue damage on different levels that explained the mechanisms of biochemically detected cytolysis and cholestasis syndrome, fibrosis and liver cirrhosis development. Relatively, in least degree the morphological phenomena of apoptosis and its role in acute and chronic liver diseases were examined. Frequently conventional liver function tests are limited to quantifying hepatic function. Despite major progress in the diagnostics and therapy of liver diseases of different etiologies, the assessment of liver function continues to present a major clinical problem. Most of liver function tests are not sufficiently specific and do not accurately predict liver failure and outcome of it. Liver biopsy is an essential part of the diagnostics and follow-up of many liver diseases giving clinically important information as well as scientific data. At present, it is the most specific test to assess the nature and severity of liver damage (Bravo et al., 2001). However, the role of liver biopsy in the evolution of medical science is dynamic. It became possible with the development of methods able to bring sufficient amount of liver tissue as well as to ensure the safety of the procedure itself. The methods used to obtain liver tissue include transcutaneous needle biopsy and transvenous approach via jugular or femoral vein. Occasionally, liver can be biopsied during laparoscopy or open abdominal surgery. Aseptics and antiseptics are of importance. There is an obvious necessity to ensure the monitoring of the patient and control of possible albeit rare complications. It seems reasonable to expect further developments in the field of liver morphology that might include both in-depth studies of tissue (Dioguardi et al., 2008) as well as elaboration of novel, completely different diagnostic methods. The indications for liver biopsy include 1) the grading and staging of chronic viral hepatitis, alcohol-related liver damage, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis; 2)
Is Consumption Growth Consistent with Intertemporal Optimization? Evidence from the Consumer Expenditure Survey

In this paper we show that some of the predictions of models of consumer intertemporal optimization are in line with the patterns of nondurable expenditure observed in U.S. household-level data. We propose a flexible specification of preferences that allows multiple commodities and yields empirically tractable equations. We estimate preference parameters using the only U.S. micro data set with complete consumption information. We show that previous rejections can be explained by the simplifying assumptions made in previous studies. We also show that results obtained using good consumption or aggregate data can be misleading.
Allergen Control in Asthma

Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases especially among children so that it continues to be a public health problem. Even though genetics is an important factor for asthma, dramatic increase of the asthma recently is related with environmental triggers and lifestyle factors. Understanding of the interaction of multiple factors causing asthma is absolutely necessary for the planning interventions strategies. Exposure to allergens is a key factor for asthma morbidity. Environmental exposure leads allergen sensitization for genetically predisposed individuals and persisting of exposure is a risk element for asthma and other allergic diseases as well. Evidences suggest that environmental triggers avoidance and control interventions preclude asthma attacks, decrease the frequency of symptoms, and the need for drugs. Thus, environmental control should be focused in the management of asthma. Identifying and controlling of indoor and outdoor environmen‐ tal triggers is the cornerstone for a successful asthma management. Figuring out the reasoning factors and developing primary preventive precautions are necessary to decrease asthma development frequency throughout the world.
Movement with the Moon : White-tailed Deer Activity and Solunar Events

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) activity patterns are predominately crepuscular. However, the general populace believes that deer activity is also influenced by lunar factors. This belief is demonstrated by the countless “solunar charts” claiming to provide peak periods of deer activity. While research has identified solar and lunar influences on behavioral patterns in some species, descriptions of solunar factors on white-tailed deer are rare. Our goal was to evaluate whether solunar charts can predict periods of increased activity in white-tailed deer. We used 38 adult male, white-tailed deer equipped with GPS collars programmed to collect locations every 30 minutes from August–December during 2010–2012. Deer were classified as active or inactive based on total distance moved between consecutive GPS fixes. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of activity dependent on solunar events. Based on our results, on those days furthest from the full or new moon, deer were less likely to be active during moonrise and moonset periods, and more likely to be active during moon overhead and moon underfoot periods. On days with greater proximity to the new or full moon the probability of activity during moonrise and moonset periods increased from 0.384 (SE = 0.005) to 0.564 (SE = 0.010) and 0.403 (SE = 0.005) to 0.591 (SE = 0.011), respectively, while decreasing during moon overhead and moon underfoot periods from 0.540 (SE = 0.005) to 0.413 (SE = 0.011) and 0.516 (SE = 0.005) to 0.305 (SE = 0.010), respectively. Our data suggest events identified by solunar charts have some association with deer activity. However, the relationships between lunar events and lunar phase expressed in solunar charts may be misleading.
Fundamentals and advances in magnetic hyperthermia

Nowadays, magnetic hyperthermia constitutes a complementary approach to cancer treatment. The use of magnetic particles as heating mediators, proposed in the 1950s, provides a novel strategy for improving tumor treatment and, consequently, patient quality of life. This review reports a broad overview about several aspects of magnetic hyperthermia addressing new perspectives and the progress on relevant features such as the ad hoc preparation of magnetic nanoparticles, physical modeling of magnetic heating, methods to determine the heat dissipation power of magnetic colloids including the development of experimental apparatus and the influence of biological matrices on the heating efficiency.
Palynological Studies in Fimbristylis a nd Eleocharis of Cyperaceae of Wardha District , Maharashtra , India

There are advantages in using pollen grains as a valuable source of characters in systematic studies. Fimbristylis and Eleocharis are two important genera of Cyperaceae. In the present study Eight species of Fimbristylis and Three species of Eleocharis have been selected for pollen morphological studies. Pollen grains of Cyperaceae are oblate spheroidal to perprolate in shape, inaperturate to polyporate with opercula or pontopercula on pori or colpi.Apertures occur in all species investigated. Pollen morphological variation within Cyperaceae is considerable.
Bent by baryons: the low-mass galaxy-halo relation

The relation between galaxies and dark matter halos is of vital importance for evaluating theoretical predictions of structure formation and galaxy formation physics. We show that the widely used method of abundance matching based on dark matter only simulations fails at the low mass end because two of its underlying assumptions are broken: only a small fraction of low mass (< 109:5M�) halos host a visible galaxy, and halos grow at a lower rate due to the effect of baryons. In this regime, reliance on dark matter only simulations for abundance matching is neither accurate nor self-consistent. We find that the reported discrepancy between observational estimates of the halo masses of dwarf galaxies and the values predicted by abundance matching does not point to a failure of �CDM, but simply to a failure to account for baryonic effects. Our results also imply that the Local Group contains only a few hundred observable galaxies in contrast with the thousands of faint dwarfs that abundance matching would suggest. We show how relations derived from abundance matching can be corrected, so that they can be used self-consistently to calibrate models of galaxy formation. Key words: cosmology: theory, galaxies: formation, galaxies: evolution, galaxies: mass functions, methods: N-body simulations
Measuring Income Risk in German Labor Market

This paper estimates the idiosyncratic labor income risk in Germany using GSOEP data. We decompose the income risk into transitory and permanent components, and employ the EWMD estimation and various moment conditions. Three income measurea are applied here: household total annual labor income, individual annual earning and individual wage rate. For all three measures, the volatility of individual earning is more transitory rather than persistent. Among them, individual wage rate looks most stable with lowest estimated risks than the other two. The time trend of estimated permanent risks is fairly stable. Yet, transitory shocks have more volatilities than permanent ones. Besides, we also discover that East German residents and females are two groups with significantly higher income risks, compared to West Germans and males, respectively. Moreover, education might bring more income uncertainty. Finally, we find that social security system, such as unemployment insurance and pensions, reduce the income risks of individuals. JEL Classification: E21, D91