Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Incidence and Related Risk Factors of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension after Acute Pulmonary Embolism.

OBJECTIVES More than half of (> 50%) the patients with choronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) have no acute pulmonary embolism history with clinical signs, so determining the actual incidence and prevalence of CTEPH is difficult. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of CTEPH and the risk factors that may be associated with CTEPH in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). MATERIAL AND METHODS Three hundred and eighteen patients with acute pulmonary embolism diagnosed by thorax CT or ventilation/perfussion scintigraphy in our clinic were included into this study. Patients with risk factors for pulmonary hypertension other than thromboembolic disease were excluded from the study. Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PHT) (systolic PAB > 35 mmHg) determined by echocardiography performed in the 6th month were enrolled into the study. RESULTS Fifty-seven of the 112 patients were female, and the mean age was 57.09 ± 17.30 (16-86) years. Presence of PHT was determined in the 6th month in 45 of the 112 patients (8 of them were symptomatic) and CTEPH incidence (symptomatic + asymptomatic) was identified as 40.16%. Symptomatic CTEPH incidence was calculated as 7.14%. When we searched about the risk factors that may have a role in the development of CTEPH; we determined that CTEPH risk was increased 4.59 times by only being male (95% CI 1.071-19.683, p= 0.040), 218 times by previous history of DVT (95% CI 1.235-38543.073, p= 0.041), and 56.903 times by PaO2 < 80 mmHg (95% CI 2.656-1219.228, p= 0.010). CONCLUSION CTEPH development after PTE is a situation that can occur in many patients. If probable risk factors are known, patients can be closely monitorized for CTEPH development.
Gender Differences in Sexual Harassment and Coercion in College Students

Differences in male (N = 148) and female (N = 278) college students' use of sexually harassing and coercive behaviors were investigated. Men were twice as likely to be sexually harassing and 3 times more likely to be sexually coercive as women. Among men, sexual harassment was predicted by child sexual abuse, hostility, adversarial heterosexual beliefs, and alcohol expectancy, with the latter mediating the effects of aggression. Sexual coercion was predicted by adult sexual victimization and alcohol expectancy, with alcohol expectancy again mediating the effect of aggression. Among women, sexual harassment was predicted by adult sexual victimization, adversarial heterosexual beliefs, aggression, and alcohol expectancy, with aggression mediating the effect of adversarial heterosexual beliefs and alcohol expectancy mediating the effect of aggression. Sexual coercion was predicted by a hostile personality, which mediated the effects of both child and adult sexual victimization. These findings suggest both gender similarities and differences in determinants of sexual aggression.
Effect of Antipsychotic Dosing Regimen on Neurocognition in Schizophrenia

To the Editors: M oderate to severe neurocognitive impairment has been observed in patients with schizophrenia, which in turn has been associated with functional disability. At present, there are no effective treatments for such cognitive deficits, and antipsychotics are thought to produce only modest changes. However, to our knowledge, there has been no randomized controlled trial examining the effect of antipsychotic dosing on neurocognition in patients with schizophrenia. We have recently reported on clinical outcomes other than neurocognition, such as effectiveness, efficacy, and safety, comparing onceversus twice-daily dosing regimens of perphenazine, risperidone, and olanzapine using the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) data. The present analysis specifically focused on the effect of these 2 dosing regimens on neurocognition. The CATIE study reflects a doubleblind randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of typical and atypical antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia (N = 1493); the primary results have been detailed elsewhere. Patients allocated to perphenazine (8–32 mg/d), risperidone (1.5–6.0 mg/d), and olanzapine (7.5–30 mg/d) were also randomly assigned to either a onceor twice-daily dosing regimen at baseline. Dosing regimens were not blinded for both patients and clinicians. We used the phase 1 data where patients received treatment for up to 18 months or until treatment was discontinued for any reason. Neurocognitive assessment was performed at baseline, 2, 6, and 18 months. The details of neurocognitive assessment used in the CATIE have been reported elsewhere. We conducted statistical analyses following a publication that has reported neurocognitive data for CATIE: (1) analyzing the data on patients who completed neurocognitive assessment at baseline, 2, 6, and 18 months; (2) comparing changes in z scores of global neurocognition and 5 neurocognitive domains from baseline to 2, 6, and 18 months between the 2 dosing groups for each antipsychotic using analysis of covariance, adjusting for baseline score, symptom exacerbation in the
Campath-1H-induced complete remission of chronic lymphocytic leukemia despite p53 gene mutation and resistance to chemotherapy.

To the Editor: Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with fludarabine results in a higher remission rate and longer progression-free survival than do alkylating agents.1 Patients who have no response to fludarabine have a dismal prognosis, with a median survival of 10 months.2 In these patients the anti–CD52 antibody alemtuzumab (Campath-1H, MabCampath) has recently shown promising results, with an overall response rate of 33 percent.3 The molecular mechanisms of its action and the biologic factors associated with the clinical response are not well defined. A 72-year-old woman was given a diagnosis of CLL, Binet stage A, in August 1997. Because .
Recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor provides protective effects in cerulein‐induced acute pancreatitis in mice

Acute pancreatitis is a multifactorial disease associated with profound changes of the pancreas induced by release of digestive enzymes that lead to increase in proinflammatory cytokine production, excessive tissue necrosis, edema, and bleeding. Elevated levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c‐Met have been observed in different chronic and acute pancreatic diseases including experimental models of acute pancreatitis. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects induced by the recombinant human HGF in a mouse model of cerulein‐induced acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis was induced by 8 hourly administrations of supramaximal cerulein injections (50 µg/kg, ip). HGF treatment (20 µg/kg, iv), significantly attenuated lipase content and amylase activity in serum as well as the degree inflammation and edema overall leading to less severe histologic changes such as necrosis, induced by cerulein. Protective effects of HGF were associated with activation of pro‐survival pathways such as Akt, Erk1/2, and Nrf2 and increase in executor survival‐related proteins and decrease in pro‐apoptotic proteins. In addition, ROS content and lipid peroxidation were diminished, and glutathione synthesis increased in pancreas. Systemic protection was observed by lung histology. In conclusion, our data indicate that HGF exerts an Nrf2 and glutathione‐mediated protective effect on acute pancreatitis reflected by a reduction in inflammation, edema, and oxidative stress.
Met/Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor Ubiquitination Suppresses Transformation and Is Required for Hrs Phosphorylation

ABSTRACT The Met receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates epithelial remodeling, dispersal, and invasion and is deregulated in many human cancers. It is now accepted that impaired down-regulation, as well as sustained activation, of RTKs could contribute to their deregulation. Down-regulation of the Met receptor involves ligand-induced internalization, ubiquitination by Cbl ubiquitin ligases, and lysosomal degradation. Here we report that a ubiquitination-deficient Met receptor mutant (Y1003F) is tumorigenic in vivo. The Met Y1003F mutant is internalized, and undergoes endosomal trafficking with kinetics similar to the wild-type Met receptor, yet is inefficiently targeted for degradation. This results in sustained activation of Met Y1003F and downstream signals involving the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, cell transformation, and tumorigenesis. Although Met Y1003F undergoes endosomal trafficking and localizes with the cargo-sorting protein Hrs, it is unable to induce phosphorylation of Hrs. Fusion of monoubiquitin to Met Y1003F is sufficient to decrease Met receptor stability and prevent sustained MEK1/2 activation. In addition, this rescues Hrs tyrosine phosphorylation and decreases transformation in a focus-forming assay. These results demonstrate that Cbl-dependent ubiquitination is dispensable for Met internalization but is critical to target the Met receptor to components of the lysosomal sorting machinery and to suppress its inherent transforming activity.
EARLY CHOLECYSTECTOMY ; IN ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS : OUR EXPERIENCE

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate results of early cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis in terms of procedural safety. Methods: In this study 50 consecutive cases of acute cholecystitis who underwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (within 03 days of attack) were included. Patients with symptoms of more than 03 days duration or those with associated diseases were excluded. Evaluation of results was done by analyzing the data in SPSS V-17. Results: Out of 50 patients operated 46 (92%) were female and 4 (8%) were male. Most of the patients were received within 24 hours after the onset of symptoms. The age of patients ranged from 30-70 years with the median age of 45 years. Ultrasound revealed oedematous gall bladder with pericholecystic fluid in 38 (76%) patients. In 8 (16%) patients, gall bladder was small, shrunken and thick walled, there was empyema in 2 (4%) patients & mucocele with stone impacted at hartmann’s pouch in 2 (4%) patients. Average operation time was 40 minutes. All patients were operated within 72 hours of onset of symptoms. Per operatively severe inflammation was noted in 32 (64%) patients, adhesions with colon/stomach/omentum in 10 (20%) patients, adhesions with CBD in 3 (6%) patients, distorted anatomy at Calot’s triangle in 5 (10%) patients. 6 (12%) patients had bleeding from liver bed, but controlled with diathermy. In 46 (92%) patients laparoscopic cholecystectomy was completed successfully. In 4 (8%) patients, laparoscopic procedure was converted to open cholecystectomy. Reasons of conversion were acute cholecystitis with severe adhesions which caused bleeding in 2 (4%) patients, obscure anatomy of Calot's triangle in 2 (4%) patients. Post operatively, there was bile leak in 1 (2%) patient which was due to minor injury of CBD, which required re-exploration & suturing of defect. No patient developed post operative jaundice. There was no major bleed post operatively. 3 (6%) patients developed wound infection. Conclusions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an effective and safe technique of treating symptomatic gallstones even in cases of acute cholecystitis because of accelerated recovery couple with less postoperative pain and short hospital stay.
The sophistication of exports : Is China special ?

Article history: Received 7 March 2008 Received in revised form 19 April 2010 Accepted 19 April 2010 Recent studies have found that China is “special” in exporting highly sophisticated goods not comparable with its income level. In this paper we identify two measurement biases that account for this “China is special” observation. First, product quality has not been fully considered in the measurement of sophistication, which has caused an overestimation of the sophistication of China's exports. Second, the average income of China has been used to measure the export capability of China, which has caused an underestimation of China's capability of exporting sophisticated goods. After correcting the two measurement biases, China appears much less as an outlier in the cross-country comparison of the sophistication of exports. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. JEL classification: O1 F1
Orbitofrontal response to drug‐related stimuli after heroin administration

The compulsion to seek and use heroin is frequently driven by stress and craving during drug‐cue exposure. Although previous neuroimaging studies have indicated that craving is mediated by increased prefrontal cortex activity, it remains unknown how heroin administration modulates the prefrontal cortex response. This study examines the acute effects of heroin on brain function in heroin‐maintained patients. Using a crossover, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled design, 27 heroin‐maintained patients performed functional magnetic resonance imaging 20 minutes after the administration of heroin or placebo (saline) while drug‐related and neutral stimuli were presented. Images were processed and analysed with statistical parametric mapping. Plasma concentrations of heroin and its main metabolites were assessed using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Region of interest analyses showed a drug‐related cue‐associated blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent activation in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in heroin‐dependent patients during both treatment conditions (heroin and placebo). This activation of the OFC was significantly higher after heroin than after placebo administration. These findings may indicate the importance of OFC activity for impulse control and decision‐making after regular heroin administration and may emphasize the benefit of the heroin‐assisted treatment in heroin dependence.
Inhibitors of the biosynthesis and processing of N-linked oligosaccharide chains.

A number of glycoproteins have oligosaccharides linked to protein in a GlcNAc----asparagine bond. These oligosaccharides may be either of the complex, the high-mannose or the hybrid structure. Each type of oligosaccharides is initially biosynthesized via lipid-linked oligosaccharides to form a Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-pyrophosphoryl-dolichol and transfer of this oligosaccharide to protein. The oligosaccharide portion is then processed, first of all by removal of all three glucose residues to give a Man9GlcNAc2-protein. This structure may be the immediate precursor to the high-mannose structure or it may be further processed by the removal of a number of mannose residues. Initially four alpha 1,2-linked mannoses are removed to give a Man5 - GlcNAc2 -protein which is then lengthened by the addition of a GlcNAc residue. This new structure, the GlcNAc- Man5 - GlcNAc2 -protein, is the substrate for mannosidase II which removes the alpha 1,3- and alpha 1,6-linked mannoses . Then the other sugars, GlcNAc, galactose, and sialic acid, are added sequentially to give the complex types of glycoproteins. A number of inhibitors have been identified that interfere with glycoprotein biosynthesis, processing, or transport. Some of these inhibitors have been valuable tools to study the reaction pathways while others have been extremely useful for examining the role of carbohydrate in glycoprotein function. For example, tunicamycin and its analogs prevent protein glycosylation by inhibiting the first step in the lipid-linked pathway, i.e., the formation of Glc NAc-pyrophosphoryl-dolichol. These antibiotics have been widely used in a number of functional studies. Another antibiotic that inhibits the lipid-linked saccharide pathway is amphomycin, which blocks the formation of dolichyl-phosphoryl-mannose. In vitro, this antibiotic gives rise to a Man5GlcNAc2 -pyrophosphoryl-dolichol from GDP-[14C]mannose, indicating that the first five mannose residues come directly from GDP-mannose rather than from dolichyl-phosphoryl-mannose. Other antibodies that have been shown to act at the lipid-level are diumycin , tsushimycin , tridecaptin, and flavomycin. In addition to these types of compounds, a number of sugar analogs such as 2-deoxyglucose, fluoroglucose , glucosamine, etc. have been utilized in some interesting experiments. Several compounds have been shown to inhibit glycoprotein processing. One of these, the alkaloid swainsonine , inhibits mannosidase II that removes alpha-1,3 and alpha-1,6 mannose residues from the GlcNAc- Man5GlcNAc2 -peptide. Thus, in cultured cells or in enveloped viruses, swainsonine causes the formation of a hybrid structure. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Experimental confirmation of Santilli's IsoRedShifts and IsoBlueShifts

While stressing the need for additional independent verifications, in this paper we provide: 1) Confirmatory measurements of Santilli's 1991 hypothesis of the anomalous IsoRedShift (IRS) for the propagation of a blue laser light in a 60 ft ≈ 18 m long steel pipe containing air at a maximum of 70°F ≈ 21°C and at 2,000 psi ≈ 137 bars without any relative motion between the source, the medium and the analyzer; 2) Confirmatory measurements of Santilli's 1991 hypothesis of the anomalous IsoBlueShift (IBS) for a blue laser light in the same conditions as above except for air being at a minimum of 130°F ≈ 54°C; 3) Experimental evidence on the transition from IRS to IBS with the increase of the temperature, thus confirming Santilli's NoIsoShift (NIS); 4) Measurements showing no frequency shift for a blue laser light reflected on a polished metal mirror at temperatures ranging from 70°F ≈ 21°C to 280°F ≈ 137°C, with consequential apparent absence of frequency shift for the scattering of light in a gas, since the Boltzman distribution apparently implies no frequency shift for light scattering in a gas due to relative motions averaged down to zero; and 5) Consequential confirmation of Santilli's 1991 hypothesis that the large difference in cosmological redshift between certain quasars and associated galaxies when physically connected via clear gamma spectroscopic evidence, originates from largely different IRS in the dramatically different quasars chromospheres and innergalactic media. Cosmological and other implications of Santilli IRS, IBS and NIS are discussed by other contributions in these proceedings.
Mechanical behavior of the human lumbar spine. II. Fatigue strength during dynamic compressive loading

Seventeen cadaveric human lumbar motion segments from eight spines were cyclically loaded in vitro under axial compression. Loading frequency and magnitude were chosen to simulate rigorous activity within an in vivo physiological level. The load magnitude was determined as a percentage of the ultimate compressive load, the latter estimated from the bone mineral content (BMC) of lumbar vertebrae determined by dual‐photon absorptiometry. Following testing, the degree of macroscopic disc degeneration was assessed and the type of fracture in each specimen was determined from serial sagittal sections. Fractures were found in all but one specimen. Three types of fractures were formed: the node of Schmorl and Junghanns (type I), central endplate fracture (type II), and a crush or burst fracture (type III). The results suggested that type I fractures were predominantly associated with segments with normal disce, type II fractures were found primarily in segments with moderately degenerated discs, and type III fractures were associated with segments that failed on the first cycle. Segment stiffness and fatigue strength (cycles to failure) were correlated with disc degeneration, age, and segment BMC, the latter an in vivo measure of bone density. Fatigue strength also decreased in proportion to a power coefficient with increasing relative stress (cyclic stress range/ultimate stress).
Non-physicians Performing Screening Flexible Sigmoidoscopy : Clinical Efficacy and Cost-effectiveness Technology Report

s, letters, editorials, short notes, and duplicate publications were excluded. 4.2. 2 Selection method Selection was done in two stages: screening using the title and abstract, then a full text review of those citations identified as relevant. Two reviewers (CH and HN) independently selected the relevant clinical trials, and two reviewers (CH and PJ) independently selected the relevant economic studies. Disagreements were resolved by discussion in both cases.
Cytogenetic studies of prostatic cancer.

In this study we wanted to find out if the size or position of the constitutive C-band positive heterochromatin regions of chromosomes was associated with variation in prostatic cancer predisposition. We found no such association when comparing the whole patient group with healthy controls, but younger (less than 70 years) cancer patients had significantly higher frequencies of large C-bands on chromosomes 1 and 16 than older patients (greater than 70 years). This could indicate a possible relationship between the amount of constitutive heterochromatin on chromosomes 1 and 16 and susceptibility to early development of prostatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine if the number of AgNORs was higher in malignant than normal or hyperplastic prostatic tissue, and if the number of AgNORs increased with increasing grade of malignancy. More AgNOR dots were found in the prostatic adenocarcinomas (average 24/cell) than in the normal and hyperplastic prostates (average 13/cell). The poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas had more AgNORs than the moderately and well differentiated cancers. The data indicate that analysis of silver staining-positive material in intact interphase cells may help distinguish between benign and malignant prostatic tumors, and between highly malignant and low malignant carcinomas. The purpose was to find consistent and specific chromosome abnormalities in primary prostatic adenocarcinomas. Because then existing techniques for culturing human neoplastic prostatic tissue rarely yielded sufficiant epithelial cell growth and mitosis we decided to modify these techniques. Tumor samples from 82 patients were processed for short-term culture. Cytogenetic analysis was successful in 57 tumors, 42 of which were cultured after September 1, 1988, when the modifications were implemented. Thirteen of the 15 primary tumor samples that contained clonal karyotypic abnormalities were processed after September 1, 1988. Loss of chromosomal material from 7q, 8p, and 10q, and structural aberrations of bands 7q22 and 10q24 were the most common aberrations found. From these data it may be inferred that both loss of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes located in the breakpoint regions may be important pathogenetic events in the development or progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma. In this study we wanted to examine the clinical implications of karyotypic abnormalities. We found a significant difference in survival after diagnosis and surgery between patients whose tumors had clonal structural abnormalities (A), patients whose tumors had nonclonal changes (NA), and patients whose tumors had normal karyotypes only (N). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)