Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPIATE MODULATION OF THE PITUITARY‐ADRENAL AXIS: EFFECTS OF STRESS AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHM

The opiate control of the pituitary‐adrenal axis has been investigated in normal subjects. The infusion of 1 mg of the met‐enkephalin analogue, DAMME, led to a fall in circulating cortisol in spite of a fall in blood pressure. Conversely, 16 mg of the opiate antagonist, naloxone led to brisk and pronounced elevations in plasma ACTH, lipotrophin (LPH) and cortisol. The rise above basal levels was consistent, irrespective of whether the infusion was given at 09.00, 18.00, or 23.00 h; the peak response obtained was significantly less at 23.00 h than at either 09.00 or 18.00 h. Finally, insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia (0.15 u/kg) or naloxone (25 mg) produced a similar rise in plasma cortisol which was no different when the two stimuli were combined.
Pengaruh Persepsi Keamanan dan Privasi terhadap Kepuasan dan Kepercayaan Konsumen Online

Dalam konteks pemasaran capaian kepuasan konsumen menjadi salah satu tujuan dilakukannya kegiatan pemasaran. Namun kepuasan saja mungkin tidak cukup untuk membangun hubungan jangka panjang pelanggan terhadap penyedia layanan. Diperlukan aspek lain seperti kepercayaan sebagai katalis penting, terutama jika dikaitkan untuk membangun hubungan bisnis online. Apalagi konsumen cenderung masih kurang percaya dengan keamanan dan privasi mereka ketika melakukan hubungan melalui internet dibandingkan dengan transaksi melalui toko offline. Keterkaitan keempat aspek tersebut digambarkan dalam model penelitian ini dengan menetapkan persepsi keamanan dan privasi sebagai variabel anteseden, kepuasan sebagai variabel mediator, dan kepercayaan konsumen online sebagai variabel endogen. Subyek penelitian melibatkan sampel konsumen yang sudah pernah melakukan transaksi secara online sebanyak 96 orang dan sampel diperoleh melalui teknik convenience sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh positif persepsi keamanan dan privasi terhadap kepuasan konsumen online. Kedua variabel tersebut bersama-sama dengan kepuasan juga bisa berpengaruh positif terhadap kepercayaan konsumen online tersebut. Kata kunci: persepsi keamanan, persepsi privasi, kepuasan, kepercayaan.
Tolerance of Endorectal Balloon in 396 Patients Treated With Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for Prostate Cancer

Purpose:To report patient tolerance and acute anorectal toxicity of an endorectal balloon used for prostate immobilization during 35 daily fractions. Materials and Methods:The records of 396 patients treated for prostate cancer from October 1997 to November 2001 were reviewed. Patients were treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Endorectal balloon catheter was inserted daily, inflated with 100 mL of air for immobilizing the prostate gland. Patient and treatment factors were analyzed. Patients received a mean dose of 77 Gy/35 fractions/7 weeks with no rectal block. Results:None of the 396 patients halted treatment because of associated ano-rectal toxicity. No patient stated that he would decline to be treated again with rectal balloon. Three of 396 (0.8%) patients required a reduction in the volume of the balloon to 50 mL. Seventeen of 396 (4.3%) patients required Lidocaine jelly with the insertion of balloon. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grades 1 and 2 rectal toxicity occurred in 55/396 (13.9%) and 73/396 (18.4%), respectively. No RTOG grade 3 or 4 toxicities occurred. Topical anal medications were prescribed for 46 of 396 (11.6%) patients and antidiarrhea medication for 27 of 396 (6.8%) patients. Of patients with pretreatment anorectal disease, 50% developed rectal toxicities over the 7 weeks. Rectal toxicity occurred most frequently in the third, fourth, fifth, or sixth week; 19.5%, 20.8%, 18.2%, and 16.9%, respectively. The duration of the toxicity measured lasted 1 week, 35.2%; 2 weeks, 31.0%; 3 weeks, 15.5%; 4 weeks, 11.3%; 5 weeks, 4.2%; and 6 weeks, 2.8%. Conclusion:Most of the patients, 393/396 (99.2%), tolerated a 100 mL endorectal immobilization balloon for IMRT. The rate of acute anorectal toxicity was acceptable with no grade 3 or 4 toxicities. Duration of the toxicities typically was 1 to 2 weeks. Patients with pre-existing anorectal disease are at higher risk of developing acute anorectal toxicity with the use of an endorectal balloon.
Comment on Mailloux et al.’s (2003) Study “Dosage of Treatment to Sexual Offenders: Are We Overprescribing?”

In their recent study, Mailloux et al. (2003) described an appraisal of sexual offender programs operated by the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) in the Ontario region. Their stated intent was to determine the adequacy of the dosage of treatment provided to these offenders. This is a laudable aim because there are grounds for supposing that too much treatment may have iatrogenic effects, whereas too little treatment may be ineffective. As Mailloux et al. correctly point out, the CSC has established operational rules for allocating sexual offenders to treatment. Those at high risk and having high needs are allocated to high-intensity programs, whereas those with moderate risk and needs receive moderate-intensity treatment, and those with low risk and needs enter a low-intensity program. In addition, because the static and dynamic risk factors associated with sexual recidivism carry different weights (Hanson & Morton, 2003) and because offenders present with variability in characteristics that may affect engagement with the treatment process, treatment placement is determined based on risk, need, and responsivity factors, in combination. For example, sexual offenders assessed as possessing sexual deviance (e.g., via phallometric assessment) but who present a moderate static actuarial risk to reoffend may receive treatment at the high-intensity level because of the strength of association of this risk factor with sexual recidivism (d = .12 to .33; Hanson & Morton, 2003). Similarly, sexual offenders presenting elevated risk for nonsexual violence or with psychopathic traits may be placed in higher intensity treatment programs than would be indicated based solely on actuarial risk for sexual recidivism, as a result of the presence of these additional criminogenic needs and responsivity factors. The high-intensity treatment program at the Regional Treatment Centre in Ontario, the program in which participants in the Mailloux et al. study participated, is one such specialized program for offenders meeting these
Genes Involved in Type 1 Diabetes: An Update

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component, which, through interactions with specific environmental factors, triggers disease onset. T1D typically manifests in early to mid childhood through the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells resulting in a lack of insulin production. Historically, prior to genome-wide association studies (GWAS), six loci in the genome were fully established to be associated with T1D. With the advent of high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array technologies, enabling investigators to perform high-density GWAS, many additional T1D susceptibility genes have been discovered. Indeed, recent meta-analyses of multiple datasets from independent investigators have brought the tally of well-validated T1D disease genes to almost 60. In this mini-review, we address recent advances in the genetics of T1D and provide an update on the latest susceptibility loci added to the list of genes involved in the pathogenesis of T1D.
8-Hydroxyquinolines Are Boosting Agents of Copper-Related Toxicity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Copper (Cu) ions are likely the most important immunological metal-related toxin utilized in controlling bacterial infections. Impairment of bacterial Cu resistance reduces viability within the host. Thus, pharmacological enhancement of Cu-mediated antibacterial toxicity may lead to novel strategies in drug discovery and development. Screening for Cu toxicity-enhancing antibacterial molecules identified 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) to be a potent Cu-dependent bactericidal inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The MIC of 8HQ in the presence of Cu was 0.16 μM for replicating and nonreplicating M. tuberculosis cells. We found 8HQ's activity to be dependent on the presence of extracellular Cu and to be related to an increase in cell-associated labile Cu ions. Both findings are consistent with 8HQ acting as a Cu ionophore. Accordingly, we identified the 1:1 complex of 8HQ and Cu to be its active form, with Zn, Fe, or Mn neither enhancing nor reducing its Cu-specific action. This is remarkable, considering that the respective metal complexes have nearly identical structures and geometries. Finally, we found 8HQ to kill M. tuberculosis selectively within infected primary macrophages. Given the stark Cu-dependent nature of 8HQ activity, this is the first piece of evidence that Cu ions within macrophages may bestow antibacterial properties to a Cu-dependent inhibitor of M. tuberculosis. In conclusion, our findings highlight the metal-binding ability of the 8-hydroxyquinoline scaffold to be a potential focus for future medicinal chemistry and highlight the potential of innate immunity-inspired screening platforms to reveal molecules with novel modes of action against M. tuberculosis.
Relationships Between Circulating Catecholamines and Low Frequency Heart Period Variability as Indices of Cardiac Sympathetic Activity During Mental Stress

Heart rate increases during psychological stress are the product of cardiac sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal.Levels of plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) have a long history as indicators of cardiac adrenergic activity and, accordingly, generally increase in response to psychological challenge. Recently, several investigators have suggested that indices derived from power spectral analysis of heart period variability (HPV) also may provide estimates of cardiac sympathetic nervous system activity. These indices include power in the low frequency band (0.04-0.15 Hz, LF), and the ratio of low to high frequency (0.15-0.50 Hz, HF) power (LF/HF). The relationship between spectral and neurohumoral indices during psychological stress has not been investigated. This issue was addressed by studying spectrally defined measures of HPV and levels of plasma E and NE in 34 normal subjects who participated in a study of responsiveness to a psychologically challenging arithmetic task.Heart rate (HR), LF and HF power, the LF/HF ratio, and blood pressure were measured during the 5-minute baseline and 5-minute task periods. Integrated samples of forearm venous blood were collected for both periods. E and NE were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The task produced significant increases in HR, systolic and diastolic pressures, and NE. Of the 12 Pearson correlation coefficients used to examine the relationships between power spectral measures and catecholamines for the baseline, task, and delta values, none achieved statistical significance, suggesting little relationship between neurohumoral and spectral estimates of cardiac sympathetic activity. We conclude that under conditions of psychological stress, LF power provides no useful information about cardiac sympathetic activity, both because power in this frequency band falls whereas HR rises and because there is no relationship between LF power and plasma NE.
OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY

I)ISC.OTII RY 01 speclmeils of the unusual bittacid genus Pazzus in the Mecoptera collection of the Univeisity of Michigan Museum of Zoology led to an euainination of what little has been written about this genus. Appaiently, only tllice spccirnens have hitherto been known to science. A single male, collected in Peiu, was described by Nav,is in 1908 as Bz l lacu~ graczl! ~. Five years later Navis concluded that this rem'ukable insect repiesented a new genus, which he named Ynzzzlr iln honor 01 Diego Alvarez tlc Paz, S.J. I n the preparation of his 1921 monograph ot the Mecoptera of the wolld, Esben-Petersen ex,~inincd one male and onc lemale of P~rzrus from Panama, in the tollection 01 the British Museum. These he identified as Pnzzus gtnczlzs Nakis, at the same time presenting a sketch of the inale genitalia slid a pllotograph of the wings. For the past thirty-five years no furtl-~er specimens 01 Pnz2us have been nlcntioned in entomological litelature. Illustlations ot wings oT P n z r ~ , ~ in Navis' 1913 papel and EsbenPetersen's nronograph indicate cleai ly that the Pel u and Panama specilllens 'lie of one genus, for the ~ e n a t i o n ancl shape of wing are tonspicuously different from those of all other bittacid genera. However, on comparing Nakbs' original description 01 Bzttaczlr graczlzs with my notes on the British Mlrseum specimens so named, i t is evident to me that there are two species involved. A female in the Unive~sity of ~ i d h i ~ a i collection, taken in a light trap at l'eiia Illanca, Los Santos, Panama, about 175 miles from the locality lrom which tlhe specimens in the British Museum came, appears to be tonspecihc with them. ];our other specimens in the Michigan collection clearly represent a third species.
REDI: The Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index –Measuring regional entrepreneurship Final report

The main outcome of the project is a new index (REDI - Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index) that describes the entrepreneurial process. The index takes into account both individual attitudes and characteristics and the regional context and, accordingly, not only whether people are willing to start a business but whether the conditions to do so are in place in the region concerned. The index is composed of three sub-indices covering entrepreneurial attitudes, abilities and aspirations. Each of the sub-indexes has an individual component (relating to the individual decision making behaviour) and an institutional component (relating to the context). Entrepreneurial attitudes indicate the attitudes of the population in a region as they relate to entrepreneurship, including elements such as perception of opportunities and risks, cultural support and networking. These are measured by indicators of market agglomeration, social capital and the extent of corruption. Entrepreneurial abilities measure characteristics of entrepreneurs and business start-ups with high growth potential, such as the take-up of technology, the level of human capital and the degree of market competition. The index contains both individual-level and institutional or environmental indicators, which reflect the regional context. For example, a factor such as the perception of risk is the outcome of combining an institutional factor (the actual business risk faced by a start-ups as measured by the business closure rate) and an individual one (the personal acceptance of risk by entrepreneurs, measured by the proportion of the population aged 18-64 stating that the fear of failure would not prevent them starting a business).
Increasing sponsorship effectiveness through brand experience

This quasi-experimental field study examines whether companies can improve the effectiveness of their sponsorship investments by creating a brand experience. Data were collected among participants of a sponsored marathon. During this event participants had the opportunity to engage in an experience orchestrated by one of the main sponsors of the event. We compare the data of participants who ran the marathon and also engaged in the experience with those who solely ran the marathon. The results reveal that participating in the experience increases top of mind awareness, brand recall and attitudes towards the sponsoring brand, compared to just running the marathon. Additionally, within the experience condition, brand experience and flow predict brand attitudes.
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PEMERINTAH DAERAH, KEPALA DAERAH, TINDAK LANJUT TEMUAN AUDIT TERHADAP OPINI

This study aims to examine the influence of local government characteristics, executive characteristics, and follow up of audit findings toward audit opinion. This research was conducted at Indonesian local government. The method of sampling is purposive sampling producing 737 local government. Data source are local government financial statement (LKPD) in Indonesia from 2012 to 2013, and excecutive book profile. Then, the method of data analyze is logistic regression (binomial and ordinal). The results show that level of dependence, wealth, expenditure, follow up on audit findings and tenure are likely to influence audit opinion from two logistic regression; 2) goverment size are likely to influence audit opinion. In contrast, excecutive education is not likely influence audit opinion.
Electrophoretic Variation of Creatine Kinase Isozymes as a Function of Methyl Parathion in the fish Labeo Rohita *

Serum samples were obtained from the control and experimental fish, Labeo rohita treated with 1/3 of LC50 of methyl parathion. Creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isozyme and subbands (isoforms) were studied using clinical automatic electrophoresis and densitometer. CK isozymes and isoforms were found to display disparate electrophoretic mobility in fish when compared with CK patterns of human. It was interesting to observe that CK-MM was 90.1% in human while 75% in fish. CK-MB isozyme was present in human but absent in fish. Following the treatment of methyl parathion there was a marked increase in the CKactivity. The study reveals that methyl parathion exposure altered CK-B1 status in the brain due to induction of lipid peroxidation/ inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. The physiological and biochemical significance is reported herein for the first time.
Coordinate transformations in the control of cat posture.

1. Global geometric variables represent high-order parameters in the control of cat posture. In particular, limb length and orientation are accurately controlled in response to tilts of the support platform. There is now electrophysiological evidence, obtained in anesthetized cats, that spinal sensory neurons projecting to the cerebellum are broadly tuned to limb length and orientation. Limb length and orientation specify the position of the limb end-points in body-centered polar coordinates. They define an intended posture in a global manner, leaving the detailed geometric configuration of the limbs undetermined. The planar covariation of limb joint angles described in the accompanying paper suggests the existence of an intermediate processing stage that transforms endpoint coordinates into the angular coordinates of the joints (inverse mapping). In this paper we address the question of the nature of this coordinate transformation. Because the number of degrees of freedom of angular motion in each limb exceeds that of endpoint motion in world space, several different angular configurations are compatible with any given endpoint position in world space. Thus the problem of coordinate transformation is a priori indeterminate. We have tested a number of different hypotheses. 2. Coordinate transformation could be accomplished implicitly by means of discrete kinematic synergies. Any given geometric configuration of the limb would result from a weighed combination of only two distinct patterns of angular covariations, the first pattern affecting selectively limb length and the second pattern affecting limb orientation. This decomposition, however, was found in only a few sporadic cases. 3. We also tested the possibility that the coordinate transformation involves the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse. We found that this algorithm produces a planar covariation of the joint angles, but with an orientation orthogonal to the experimental plane. By contrast, a linear transformation with constant, position-independent terms can fit the experimental plane of angular covariations but predicts large errors in endpoint position. 4. The particular orientation in joint space of the experimental plane, coupled with the scatter of data points around the plane, bears a specific implication for the problem of inverse mapping. The experimental plane crosses the constant position lines (the loci of all possible changes of the joint angles that correspond with an invariant position of the endpoint) at an acute angle. Consequently the specification of limb orientation is little sensitive to joint configurations: relatively small changes in orientation can be produced by large changes in joint configurations. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for Topiramate Analysis in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid: Validation and Comparison With Fluorescence-Polarization Immunoassay

Summary The authors report the development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay (LC/MS/MS assay) for the analysis of topiramate (2,3:4,5-bis-o-(-1-methyl)-&bgr;-D-fructopyranose sulfamate) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Comparison is made with the commercially available fluorescence-polarization immunoassay (FPIA). LC/MS/MS Assay Using the internal standard, 1,2:3,4-bis-o-(1-methylethylidene-&agr;-D-galactopyranose sulfamate), a structural isomer, the calibration curve in plasma was linear in the concentration range of 0.02–20.0 mg/L (r2 = 0.9998). The coefficients of variation in plasma were ≤ 3%, and the accuracy ranged from 100% to 101% in the therapeutically relevant concentration range of 0.4–16.0 mg/L. In CSF, the mean recovery was 98%, and there was linearity between the nominal and the estimated concentration in the range of 1.5–20.0 mg/L (r2 = 0.9996). FPIA The calibration curve was linear in the concentration interval of 1.6–24.3 mg/L (r2 = 0.9994), and the mean recovery was 96%. Accuracy in plasma was 99– 104%, and precision was 3.2–6.0%. In CSF, there was linearity between the nominal concentration and the estimated concentration in the range of 1.5–20.0 mg/L (r2 = 0.9995), and the mean recovery was 100%. Comparison Between FPIA and LC/MS/MS There was a high correlation between the FPIA and the LC/MS/MS assay (r2 = 0.9965 in plasma and r2 = 0.9996 in CSF, P < 0.001 for both). In plasma and CSF, the two methods showed equal results, evaluated as the ratio between the two methods (plasma: median ratio = 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98–1.02, paired-sample t test, P = 0.79; and CSF: median ratio = 1.00, 95% CI, 0.99–1.02, paired-sample t test, P = 0.75). The coefficient of variation on the ratios between the two methods had similar levels: 5% in plasma and 3% in CSF. Conclusion The new LC/MS/MS assay has favorable characteristics, being highly precise and accurate. FPIA also proved precise and accurate, and there was a high agreement with the LC/MS/MS assay in plasma and CSF. Either method displayed sufficient precision and accuracy and may thus be implemented in daily routine.
A Survey of Practice at a Regional Forensic Service: What Do Forensic Psychiatrists Do?

During a six-month period, 306 psychiatric assessments were recorded prospectively on specifically designed schedules. There was a skewed distribution towards younger patients, and 78% were male. Just over half were seen for a court report, one-third of cases came from solicitors, and in two-thirds the request was merely for advice. Secure care was only sought in 15%. In nearly two-thirds an offence had precipitated the referral. Half were seen in prison. The majority had a history of dangerous behaviour and one-fifth were regarded as a sexual risk to others. Only one-third had not previously seen a psychiatrist. A personality disorder was diagnosed in 41%, but only 6% were considered to be psychopaths. These and other findings are discussed to help give an insight into the service.