Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond Set Theory in Bell Inequality

Feynman pointed out a logic and mathematical paradox in particle physics. The paradox is that we get for the same entity only local dependence and global dependence at the time. This contradiction is coming from the dual nature of the particle viewed as a wave. In the first capacity it has only local dependence; in the second (wave) capacity it has a global dependence. The classical logic has difficulties in resolving this paradox. Changing the classical logic to logic makes the paradox apparent. Particle has the local property or zero dependence with other particles, media has total dependence so it is a global unique entity. Now, in set theory, any element is independent from the other so disjoint set has no elements in common. With this condition we have known that the true/ false logic can be applied and set theory is the principal foundation. Now with conditional probability and dependence by copula the long distance dependence has an effect on any individual entity that now is not isolate but can have different types of dependence or synchronism (constrain) whose effect is to change the probability of any particle. So particle with different degree of dependence can be represented by a new type of set as fuzzy set in which the boundary is not completely defined or where we cannot separate a set in its parts as in the evidence theory. In conclusion the Feynman paradox and Bell violation can be explained at a new level of complexity by many valued logics and new types of set theory.
The Genesis of Romanian Football: Social Factors and Processes behind the Game

The present article deals with those social and economic factors that contributed to the genesis of Romanian soccer at the turn of the previous century. The author argues that football was imported from abroad via peregrination and schools, but certain social processes, such as urbanization, capitalization and the appearance of massive working classes, are the reasons why this beautiful game became socially embedded in the local environments. The different circumstances in Banat and Transylvania and in the old Romanian Kingdom marked the social history and trajectory “travelled” by the ball. While in the western part of the country, football arrived in a fertile ground because of the already existing bourgeois sport associations and the rapidly emerging local working classes, the role of foreign companies and expats in implementing football was more significant in the southern regions. This difference in the genesis of the game produced two distinct styles of playing football. These two styles clearly reflect the historical and social background specific to the different regions.
Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (GRP 78) as a Cytoprotection against Apoptosis in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

In a previous study, has been found that mushroom crude extract (Cantharellus sp) is able to induce apoptosis in human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and the resistance to Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (H157). To clarify the mechanism, we carried out comparative proteomics analysis between H157 and HeLa cell lines. Differentially expressed proteins were separated electrophoretically and identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Peptide tandem mass spectra were searched against a comprehensive data base containing known proteins derived from data bases. There were profound changes in 14 proteins related to mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. The results also showed up regulation of GRP78 in treated H157 cell line. Up regulation of GRP78 was further confirmed by western blotting analysis and it was suggested that GRP78 is responsible for apoptosis resistance of H157 cell line when treated with Cantharellus extract at low concentration.
Analcime phenocrysts in igneous rocks: Primary or secondary?

The origin of analcime phenocrysts in volcanic rocks is problematic. Are they primary minerals crystallized directly from melts or are they secondary minerals formed from preexisting igneous minerals such as leucite? To address this question, we have obtained stable isotope (H, N, O), electron microprobe, and ion microprobe data for analcimebearing samples from the Crowsnest Formation in Canada and the Colima volcanic complex in Mexico. Isotopic ratios were obtained for the framework (6'tO) and the channel water (0"O*, 6D) for two Crowsnest samples and one Colima sample. Both O and H isotopic ratios of channel water in all three samples fall on the meteoric water line, reflecting local meteoric water, and are clearly not magmatic. The dt8O, values for Crowsnest (13.6 and 14.2V*) and Colima (8.78@) indicate that these analcime samples have either exchanged with external fluids at subsolidus temperatures or have formed from a preexisting igneous mineral such as leucite. Elevated D'8O values of sanidine phenocrysts (8.2 and 10.9E@) demonstrate O isotopic exchange with an external reservoir in two Crowsnest trachytes. Evidence of low-temperature water-rock interaction is also found in the Colima minette SAY-104. Its whole-rock D'8O value (7.6E@) is significantly higher than those of associated basanites and leucite basanites (5.2-6.18@), and the hlgh N content (6 ppm) and low 6'5N value (3.4Vu) imply interaction with water either during magma genesis, transport, or postextrusion. The glass matrix in the Colima minette is also unusually HrO rich (4 wt%) suggesting posteruption, glass-fluid interaction. Collectively our data for the Crowsnest and Colima samples favor a secondary origin for analcime in these rocks.
SOA maturity influence on digital banking transformation

Digital Banking is an evolution of online banking, where the banks attempt to further enhance customer experience by integrating digital technologies such as mobile technology, social media and analytics. Traditional banks have the highest barriers to entry into the digital banking market due to the presence of legacy core banking systems. These legacy systems while still high performing and reliable, are inflexible to change and are not easily integrated to the modern application systems needed for delivering digital banking services across multiple online banking channels. One solution that is widely adopted in the industry to overcome this obstacle is the implementation of a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). In this paper, we investigate the relationship between three factors, namely a bank’s technology infrastructure, IT governance processes, SOA maturity, and their impact on time-to-market (T2M) of digital banking products and services. Our research study is achieved through surveys and case study interviews conducted with the chief technologists from eight banks operating in Asia. A key conclusion from our study is that SOA maturity plays a very important role in enhancing a bank’s capability towards digital banking transformation. In order to move towards higher levels of SOA maturity, we make three recommendations – establishing an SOA centre of excellence, implementation of a well-architected Enterprise Service Bus (ESB), and adoption of an ESB framework and toolkit.
Survey of the Hymenoptera Fauna in a "Caatinga" Area in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil

The aim of this study was to carry out a survey of the fauna of the Hymenoptera families in an area of Caatinga in Mossoro, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The samplings were carried out with Malaise traps, active between 6th of February and 6th of March, 2007 and between 13th March and 14th April, 2008. A total of 5,057 Hymenoptera, belonging to 12 superfamilies and 36 families, were collected. The most abundant superfamilies were: Chalcidoidea (1,206 specimens/23.85% of the total), Vespoidea (886/17.52%), Ichneumonoidea (837/16.55%) and Platygastroidea (801/15.84%) and the most abundant families were: Platygastridae (801/15.84%), Braconidae (616/12.18%), Pteromalidae (583/11.53%), Figitidae (454/8.98%), Pompilidae (444/8.78%) and Formicidae (268/5.30%). The data obtained allow us to affirm that the Caatinga encompasses substantial family richness of Hymenoptera and that renewed effort is necessary to sample its fauna in a more extensive way. Levantamento da Fauna de Hymenoptera em uma Area de Caatinga do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil Resumo. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar levantamento das familias de himenopteros presentes em area de Caatinga em Mossoro, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas com armadilhas Malaise, entre 6 de fevereiro e 6 de marco de 2007 e 13 de marco e 14 de abril de 2008. Foram coletados 5.057 himenopteros pertencentes a 12 superfamilias e 36 familias. As superfamilias mais abundantes foram: Chalcidoidea (1.206 exemplares/23,85% do total), Vespoidea (886/17,52%), Ichneumonoidea (837/16,55%) e Platygastroidea (801/15,84%) e as familias mais abundantes foram: Platygastridae (801/15,84%), Braconidae (616/12,18%), Pteromalidae (583/11,53%), Figitidae (454/8,98%), Pompilidae (444/8,78%) e Formicidae (268/5,30%). Os dados obtidos demonstram grande riqueza de familias de himenopteros na Caatinga e que estudos adicionais sao necessarios para estabelecer a riqueza desta fauna de forma mais extensiva.
Transnational Terrorism in the Post–Cold War Era

The article uncovers evidence that the end of the Cold War has provideda dividend in terms of reduced transnational terrorism. Significant short-run and long-run effects are quantified with time-series analysis to be concentrated in reduced bombings and hostage-taking incidents. Presumably, this dividend is the result of less state-sponsorship of terrorism by the Commonwealth of Independent States and other states, as well as the result of measures taken by industrial states to thwart terrorist attacks. A dividend does not appear untilthe last three quarters of 1994, at which time moves were well under way to integrate Eastern Europe with the West. Moreover, prior to this period, significant efforts had been made among Western nations to augment cooperative efforts to curb terrorism and to bring terrorists to justice. Using data for 1970 through mid-1996, we also examine trends and cycles in terrorist modes ofattack. There is virtually no evidence of an upward trend in transnational terrorism, contrary to media characterizations. All types of terrorist incidents display cycles whose duration lengthens with logistical complexity. Any change in these cycles in the post–Cold War era is concentrated in the high-frequency or short-lived cycles.
Automatic X-ray Scattering Image Annotation via Double-View Fourier-Bessel Convolutional Networks

X-ray scattering is a key technique towards material analysis and discovery. Modern x-ray facilities are producing x-ray scattering images at such an unprecedented rate that machine aided intelligent analysis is required for scientiﬁc discovery. This paper artic-ulates a novel physics-aware image feature transform, Fourier-Bessel transform (FBT), in conjunction with deep representation learning, to tackle the problem of annotating x-ray scattering images with a diverse label set of physics characteristics. We devise a novel joint inference model, Double-View Fourier-Bessel Convolutional Neural Network (DVFB-CNN) to integrate feature learning in both polar frequency and image domains. For polar frequency analysis, we develop an FBT estimation algorithm for partially observed x-ray images, and train a dedicated CNN to extract structural information from FBT. We demonstrate that our deep Fourier-Bessel features well complement standard convolutional features, and the joint network (i.e., DVFB-CNN) improves mean average precision by 13% in multilabel annotation. We also conduct transfer learning on real experimental datasets to further conﬁrm that our joint model is well generalizable.
Phenotypic plasticity : functional and conceptual approaches

Dedication Acknowledgements Preface Contents Contributors 1. Phenotypic variation from single genotypes: a primer 2. From the reaktionsnorm to the evolution of adaptive plasticity: a historical sketch, 1909-1995 3. Genetics and mechanics of plasticity 4. Evolution of reaction norms 5. Evolutionary importance and pattern of phenotypic plasticity: insights gained from development 6. Models of reaction norm evolution 7. Integrated solutions to environmental heterogeneity: theory of multimoment reaction norms 8. A behavioral ecological view of phenotypic plasticity 9. Patterns and analysis of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in animals 10. Plasticity and the functional ecology of plants 11. The genotype-environment interaction and evolution when the environment contains genes 12. The role of phenotypic plasticity in evolutionary diversification 13. Future research directions References Index
Sleep Pattern during Pregnancy and Maternal Depression: Study of Aube Cohort

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Bat-Pitault F, Deruelle C, Flori S, Porcher-Guinet V, Stagnara C, et al. (2015) Sleep Pattern during Pregnancy and Maternal Depression: Study of Aube Cohort. J Sleep Disord Manag 1:005 Received: August 10, 2015: Accepted: September 24, 2015: Published: September 26, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Bat-Pitault F. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Bat-Pitault et al. J Sleep Disord Manag 2015, 1:1
Effects of Earthworms on Soil Structure and Physical Properties

1Laboratoire Biologie et Organisation des Sols Tropicaux, IRo, Fort-de-France, Martinique; 2Laboratoire d'Étude du Comportement des Sols Cultivés, IRD, Montpellier, France; 3/CRAF, La Molina, Peru/Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Sols Tropicaux, IRo, Bondy, France; 5Laboratoire de Pédobiologie, IRo, Dakar, 5enegal; 6Department of Terrestrial Ecology and Nature Conservation, Agricultural University, Wageningen, the Netherlands; 7ICRAF/INIA, Estaci6n Experimental 'San Ram6n', Yurimaguas, Peru
Brazilian essential oils on lethality of the cattle tick hipicephalus ( Boophilus ) microplus

Herbal extracts have been investigated as an alternative for parasite control, aiming to slow the development of resistance and to obtain low-cost biodegradable parasiticides. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, in vitro, of 11 essential oils from Brazil on reproductive efficiency and lethality of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The effects of oils extracted from Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Lippia alba, Lippia gracilis, Lippia origanoides, Lippia sidoides, Mentha arvensis, Mentha piperita, Croton cajucara (white and red), and Croton sacaquinha on ticks were investigated by the Immersion Test with Engorged Females (ITEF) and the modified Larval Packet Test (LPT). Distilled water and 2% Tween 80 were used as control treatments. Chemical analysis of the oils was done with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Analysis of the in vitro tests using Probit (SAS program) allowed the calculation of lethal concentrations (LCs). Lower reproductive efficiency indexes and higher efficacy percentages in the ITEF were obtained with the oils extracted from C. longa (24 and 71%, respectively) and M. arvensis oils (27 and 73%, respectively). Lower LC50 was reached with C. longa (10.24 mg/mL), L. alba (10.78 mg/mL), M. arvensis (22.31 mg/mL), L. sidoides (27.67 mg/mL), and C. sacaquinha (29.88 mg/mL) oils. In the LPT, species from Zingiberaceae and Verbenaceae families caused 100% lethality at 25 mg/mL, except for L. sidoides. The most effective oils were from C. longa, L. gracilis, L. origanoides, L. alba, and Z. officinale. The LC50 and LC90 were, respectively: 0.54 and 1.80 mg/mL, 3.21 and 7.03 mg/mL, 3.10 and 8.44 mg/mL, 5.85 and 11.14 mg/mL, and 7.75 and 13.62 mg/mL. The efficacy was directly related to the major components in each essential oil, and the oils derived from Croton genus presented the worst performance, suggesting the absence of synergistic effect among its compounds. Since C. longa, containing 62% turmerone, was the one most efficient against ticks, this compound may be potentially used for tick control, but further research is needed, especially to assess toxicity of these compounds to the host. These new studies, together with the results presented here, may provide a strong rationale for designing pre-clinical and clinical studies with these agents. © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Application of Organo-Magadiites for the Removal of Eosin Dye from Aqueous Solutions: Thermal Treatment and Regeneration

Na-magadiite exchanged with cetyl-trimethylammonium cations provided organophilic silicate materials that allowed for the effective removal of the acidic dye “eosin”. The organic cations were intercalated into the interlayer spacing of the layered silicate via an exchange reaction between the organic cations from their bromide salt and the solid Na-magadiite at room temperature. Different techniques were used to characterize the effect of the initial concentration of the surfactant on the structure of the organo-magadiites. The C, H, and N analysis indicated that a maximum of organic cations of 0.97 mmol/g was achieved and was accompanied by an expansion of the basal spacing of 3.08 nm, with a tilted angle of 59° to the silicate layers. The conformation of the organic surfactants was probed using solid-state 13C, finding mainly the trans conformation similar to that of the starting cetyl trimethylammonium bromide salt (C16TMABr). Thermal gravimetric analysis was carried out to study the thermal stability of the resulting organo-magadiites. The intercalated surfactants started to decompose at 200 °C, with a mass loss percentage of 8% to 25%, depending on the initial loading of the surfactant, and was accompanied by a decrease of the basal spacing from 3.16 nm to 2.51 nm, as deduced from the in situ X-ray diffraction studies. At temperatures below 220 °C, an expansion of the basal spacing from 3.15 to 3.34 nm occurred. These materials were used as a removal agent for the anionic dye eosin. The maximum amount of the dye removed was related to the organic cation content and to the initial concentration of eosin, with an improvement from 2.5 mg/g to 80.65 mg/g. This value decreased when the organo-magadiite was preheated at temperatures above 200 °C. The regeneration tests indicated that an 85% removal efficiency was maintained after six cycles of use for the organo-magadiite using Ci of 200 mg/L.
A cross-cultural evaluation of the psychometric properties of information seeking anxiety scale in Pakistani environment

This study investigated the psychometric properties of Information Seeking Anxiety Scale (ISAS) of postgraduate students in a Pakistani university. A 47-item ISAS was administered to 297 students, selected through stratified convenient sampling procedure, by visiting each department at the university. An eighty-five percent response rate was achieved through usable returned questionnaires. The principal component analysis (PCA) using varimax rotation yielded six-factor solution to the Information Seeking Anxiety Scale (ISAS), namely, (1) Resource Anxiety; (2) ICT Anxiety; (3) Library Anxiety; (4) Search Anxiety; (5) Mechanical Anxiety; and, (6) Thematic Anxiety. This six factors corresponded to those of Erfanmanesh, Abrizah, and Karim (2012) but differed somewhat with regard to the statements loaded on each factor. Moreover, these six-factors combined together accounted for 52.7 percent of the total variance explained. Seven item were dropped as a result of reliability analysis resulting 40-item instrument. Also, the values of Cronbach’s internal reliability coefficient alpha for overall ISAS and its sub-scales were found satisfactory as recommended by Nunnally and Bernstein (1994). These results demonstrated the psychometric soundness and stability of ISAS when tested with Pakistani postgraduate students recruited from a research-intensive university. More psychometric studies are required before drawing any sound conclusions regarding adequacy of ISAS in assessing information seeking anxiety in Pakistani information users.
Stealing behavior and the maintenance of a visual display in the satin bowerbird

Honest signals that indicate male quality have been observed in many species and are thought to have evolved to allow males to assess rivals accurately and respond to "cheaters. " Females could potentially also use the same honest signals as reliable indicators of male quality. In bowerbirds, the numbers of specific bower decorations may serve as an honest signal of male quality: this study investigates whether decoration stealing among male satin bowerbirds at the Bunya Mountains, Australia, may also involve honest signals. In this study, we aimed to determine 1) predictors for the degree to which individual male satin bowerbirds steal, and are stolen from, and 2) predictors for why some male pairs interact by stealing, whereas other pairs do not. We also assessed how experimentally standardizing the number of decorations on bowers would affect the 1) frequency of stealing, 2) specific interactions among males, and 3) distribution of decorations across bowers. Bower decorations were labeled and tracked through one breeding season. Males that were successful stealers, stole from other successful stealers, had many feathers and bottle tops on their bowers and painted their bower walls often. Male pairs were more likely to interact by stealing if their bowers were in close proximity. Most of the stealing observed was of a reciprocal nature. After we standardized the numbers and types of decorations on a small group of males' bowers, the mean number of daily stealing gains and the total number of males interacting by stealing did not change. In addition, no significant novel stealing interactions were initiated after the manipulation. The average number of all bower decorations and the average number of rosella feathers on a given male's bower prior to the manipulation were proportional to the average numbers for the period after the manipulation. Furthermore, males that originally had better collections of decorations tended to suffer fewer losses due to stealing after the manipulation. Our results suggest that the total number of decorations, the total number of rosella feathers on a male's bower, and possibly stealing behavior, may form part of the basis of an honest signal indicating male quality and therefore might be correlated with mating success. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.
Organic Solar Cells as High Speed Data Detectors for Visible Light Communication

SHUYU ZHANG, DOBROSLAV TSONEV, STEFAN VIDEV, SANJAY GHOSH, GRAHAM A. TURNBULL, IFOR D.W. SAMUEL AND HARALD HAAS Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK Institute for Digital Communications, LiFi R&D Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL,UK 3 School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China PR *Corresponding authors: gat@st-andrews.ac. uk; idws@st-andrews.ac. uk; h.haas@ed.ac. uk