Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Path salience in motion events from verbal and visual languages

Languages differ in the way they convey paths. S-languages conveying manner of motion directly in a main verb, while Vlanguages require a separate verb. This difference has been shown to influence the conceptualization and narration of motion events. We therefore asked: would this difference arise in the paths that people draw, particularly in visual narratives? We annotated the representations of path information (source, trajectory, goal) in a corpus of 35 comics from Sand Vlanguages. We found that panels from S-languages depicted the path of an action more often than those from V-languages, consistent with previous research on increased motion event salience for S-languages. These findings suggest that the conceptualization of paths from spoken language may influence the graphic depiction of paths.
The ratio of the absolute lymphocyte count to the absolute monocyte count is associated with prognosis in Hodgkin's lymphoma: correlation with tumor-associated macrophages.

BACKGROUND Although most patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) have a long survival duration, the current risk stratification is imperfect. A recent study suggested a prognostic role for the peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte count/absolute monocyte count (ALC/AMC) ratio at diagnosis in cHL. It is intriguing to investigate the significance of the ALC/AMC ratio in relation to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), yet another prognostic factor for cHL. METHODS We examined the prognostic impact of the ALC, AMC, and ALC/AMC ratio in 312 cHL patients (median age, 37 years) using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for optimal cutoff values, and compared these with TAM content. RESULTS The median follow-up was 65 months (range, 0.1-245 months). On univariate analysis, a low ALC/AMC ratio (<2.9) was correlated with a poorer overall survival (OS) outcome. A subgroup analysis of patients with limited-stage disease showed that the ALC/AMC ratio was significantly correlated with the OS time. Multivariate analysis showed the ALC/AMC ratio to be an independent prognostic factor for OS outcome. A Spearman correlation test of TAM content showed a negative correlation with the ALC/AMC ratio and a positive correlation with the peripheral blood macrophage percentage. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the ALC/AMC ratio may be a simple, inexpensive, and independent prognostic factor for OS outcome in patients with cHL and may have a role in the stratification of cHL patients in addition to the International Prognostic Score and TAM content.
Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Reorganization during the Sickling Process

Summary. In order to study possible alterations in membrane lipids during sickling, we have measured the difference in susceptibility to lipid peroxidation, binding of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) to aminophospholipids, and fatty acid uptake in cells containing sickle haemoglobin under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We have also examined TNBS binding in irreversibly sickled cells in an attempt to evaluate the permanent effects of any such alterations.
Diarrhoea during military deployment: current concepts and future directions

Purpose of review Diarrhoea among military travellers deployed globally in conflict and peacekeeping activities remains one of the most important health threats. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, laboratory identification, treatment and chronic health consequences of this multi-cause infection, and consider the implications for public health management and future research. Recent findings The incidence of diarrhoea among deployed military personnel from industrialized countries to lesser developed countries is approximately 30% per month overall, with clinical incidence between 5 and 7% per 100 person-months. The risk appears to be higher early during deployment and is associated with poor hygienic conditions and contaminated food sources. Gaps remain in our understanding of the cause, given the lack of laboratory capability in austere conditions of deployment; however, recent advances in molecular methods of characterization hold promise in improving our detection capabilities. While there have been improvements in understanding of best treatments, more work needs to be done in transforming this knowledge into action and optimizing single-dose antibiotic treatment regimens. Finally, the under-recognized burden of chronic consequences of these infections is gaining awareness and reinforces the need to find effective preventive strategies. Summary Our understanding of the epidemiology of diarrhoea is improving but further research is needed to fully account for acute operational-focused health impacts as well as the chronic enduring disease impacts. Improved field diagnostics would be of great value to support these efforts.
A Sign to Heaven: aVR Lead Elevation and Myocardial Infarction

Isolated ST-segment elevation only in the aVR lead, reflecting an acute myocardial infarction due to a left main coronary artery occlusion, was ignored as part of physicians' training in emergency medicine for a long time. The recognition of aVR lead elevation is becoming more accepted as a mandatory diagnostic tool, in particular for physicians working at emergency departments. We report a typical myocardial infarction with total occlusion of the proximal part of the left anterior coronary artery, presenting with ST-segment elevation in the aVR lead, which was misinterpreted as diffuse ischemia. The lacking mandatory awareness of this entity endangered prompt and correct treatment.
Subungual angioleiomyoma masquerading as a glomus tumour

Sir, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) includes a spectrum of disorders with overlapping clinical features, i.e. Letterer±Siwe disease, Hand±SchuÈ ller±Christian syndrome, eosinophilic granuloma and congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis. The typical cutaneous findings comprise seborrhoeic dermatitis-like lesions, reddish-brown purpuric papules and nodules, oozing erosions, and ulcerations. A child with LCH is described, who presented with an uncommon pattern of pustular lesions on the forehead, hands, feet and genital region, following an atypical clinical course. One week after birth, a 14-month-old girl developed multiple, sharply demarcated itchy pustules on the forehead, together with red papules, and pustules partly covered with haemorrhagic crusts, which were predominantly on the soles of the feet (Fig. 1a). Some pustules occurred on the hands and in the genital and gluteal region. No lymphadenopathy was detectable. During topical treatment with lotio zinci (lotion with zinc oxide, talcum, glycerol and distilled water) the cutaneous lesions regressed slowly, but new lesions developed during the following months. After 5 months, an ulcer developed in the maxillary region. There was no specific family history of skin diseases. A skin biopsy of a pustule from the gluteal region revealed a dense upper dermal infiltrate of large histiocytes with a reniform nucleus, and intraepidermal collections of histiocytic cells (Fig. 1b). Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD1 and for S-100 antigen. Electron microscopy revealed intracytoplasmic Birbeck granules within the histiocytic cells, thus confirming the diagnosis of LCH. Bacteriological and mycological examinations from skin lesions were negative. Full blood count, liver and kidney function were normal. Scintiscanning and radiography showed distinct involvement of the maxilla. Abdominal sonography was normal. Based on the occurrence of new cutaneous lesions and the subsequent involvement of the osseous part of the maxilla, chemotherapy was initiated with oral prednisolone 40 mg m daily for 4 weeks; then reduction of dose, vinblastine 0 ́2 mg kg once weekly for 6 weeks, then once monthly; and 6-mercaptopurine 50 mg m daily. Cutaneous lesions on the scalp, hands and feet, and the osseous lesion of the maxilla healed during the chemotherapy, which was performed for 1 years. In 1955, Lichtenstein summarized the three entities Letterer±Siwe disease, Hand±SchuÈ ller±Christian disease and eosinophilic granuloma under the term histiocytosis X. The cause of histiocytosis X (LCH) is unknown, but it is believed to be a proliferative process of Langerhans cells. Lesional histiocytes in the child described here were positive for S-100 antigen and CD1, as well as for intracytoplasmic Birbeck granules. The skin lesions did not clear completely
Coronaviruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in travelers

Purpose of review Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is currently the focus of global attention. In this review, we describe virological, clinical, epidemiological features and interim travel advice and guidelines regarding MERS-CoV. We compare and contrast these with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Recent findings MERS-CoV is a novel &bgr; CoV that causes a spectrum of clinical illness from asymptomatic to the rapidly fatal disease mainly in those with comorbid conditions. Epidemiological and genomic studies show zoonotic transmission to humans from camels and possibly bats. In contrast to the SARS-CoV pandemic, very limited global spread of fatal MERS-CoV has occurred outside the Arabian Peninsula. Although mainly currently restricted to Middle Eastern countries, MERS-CoV was reported from at least 10 other countries in Europe, Asia and the United States. All primary cases have been linked to travel to the Middle East. Nosocomial transmission of MERS-CoV has occurred because of poor infection control measures. Specific molecular diagnostic tests are available. Currently, there are no specific drugs for prevention or treatment for MERS-CoV and vaccine development is in the early stages. Advice and guidance for travelers to the Middle East are updated regularly by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Summary Like SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV threatens global health security. All physicians and travelers to the Middle East should be aware of the new threat caused by MERS-CoV and follow CDC and WHO guidelines. Those who develop ill health during their trip or soon after their return should seek medical care.
Effects of tryptophan depletion on drug-free patients with seasonal affective disorder during a stable response to bright light therapy.

BACKGROUND A dysfunction of the serotonin system may play a major role in the pathogenesis of seasonal affective disorder. Bright light therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of winter depression in patients with seasonal affective disorder. Light therapy-induced remission from depression may be associated with changes in brain serotonin function. METHODS After at least 2 weeks of clinical remission, 12 drug-free patients who had had depression with seasonal affective disorder underwent tryptophan depletion in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced cross-over design study. RESULTS Short-term tryptophan depletion induced a significant decrease in plasma free and total tryptophan levels (P < .001 for both, repeated measures analysis of variance), with peak effects occurring 5 hours after ingestion of a tryptophan-free amino acid drink. It emerged that tryptophan depletion leads to a transient depressive relapse, which was most pronounced on the day after the tryptophan-depletion testing. No clinically relevant mood changes were observed in the control testing. CONCLUSIONS The maintenance of light therapy-induced remission from depression in patients with seasonal mood cycles seems to depend on the functional integrity of the brain serotonin system. Our results suggest that the serotonin system might be involved in the mechanism of action of light therapy.
A 65 nm Rad-Hard Bandgap Voltage Reference for LHC Environment

A radiation-hard BGR (bandgap voltage reference) circuit is here presented. It's able to maintain the output voltage accuracy over process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations, combined with extremely high total-ionizing-dose (up to 800 Mrad (SiO2)), as required by the next experiments upgrades of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The design has been dealt starting from several experimental results, collected from some testing devices, under radiation exposure. In particular, this information has been used modifying the model files provided by foundry, in order to consider the radiation exposure effects during the design process. Consequently, a rad-hard optimized sizing device has been devised. In addition, a particular layout solution has guaranteed a better radiation immunity for the temperature sensing elements (i.e., diodes). The bandgap reference circuit has been fabricated in a commercial 65 nm CMOS technology. Measurement results show a temperature coefficient of about 130 ppm/°C over a temperature range of 120 °C (from -40 °C to 80 °C, as required by application) and a variation of 0.3% for Vdd 1.08 V-1.32 V. The mean value of the BGR output is about 330 mV, with a 10% maximum shift when exposed up to 800 Mrad (SiO2). The power consumption is 240 μW at room temperature, with a core area of 0.018 mm2.
Metabolic Defects Caused by Mutations in the isc Gene Cluster in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium: Implications for Thiamine Synthesis

ABSTRACT The metabolic consequences of two insertions,iscR1::MudJ andiscA2::MudJ, in the isc gene cluster of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were studied. Each of these insertions had polar effects and caused a nutritional requirement for the thiazole moiety of thiamine. Data showed that IscS was required for the synthesis of nicotinic acid and the thiazole moiety of thiamine and that one or more additional isc gene products were required for a distinct step in the thiazole biosynthetic pathway. Strains with isc lesions had reduced succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase activities. Furthermore, iscmutants accumulated increased levels of pyruvate in the growth medium in response to exogenously added iron (FeCl3), and this response required a functional ferric uptake regulator, Fur.
Optimized Schwarz and 2-Lagrange Multiplier Methods for Multiscale Elliptic PDEs

In this article, we formulate and analyze a two-level preconditioner for optimized Schwarz and 2-Lagrange multiplier methods for PDEs with highly heterogeneous (multiscale) diffusion coefficients. The preconditioner is equipped with an automatic coarse space consisting of low-frequency modes of approximate subdomain Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps. Under a suitable change of basis, the preconditioner is a $2 \times 2$ block upper triangular matrix with the identity matrix in the upper-left block. We show that the spectrum of the preconditioned system is included in the disk having center $z=1/2$ and radius $r=1/2 - \epsilon$, where $0 < \epsilon < 1/2$ is a parameter that we can choose. We further show that the GMRES algorithm applied to our heterogeneous system converges in $O(1/\epsilon)$ iterations (neglecting certain polylogarithmic terms). The number $\epsilon$ can be made arbitrarily large by automatically enriching the coarse space. Our theoretical results are confirmed by numerical experiments.
Substance P innervation of the rat hippocampal formation

Light and electron microscopic substance P (SP) immunostaining was performed on hippocampal sections of colchicine‐pretreated, control, untreated fimbria‐fornix‐transected (5 days), as well as perforant path‐stimulated Sprague‐Dawley rats fixed in 5% acrolein. Numerous SP‐immunoreactive neurons could be observed in the stratum oriens of the Ammon's horn and subiculum, fewer were seen in the dentate hilar area and stratum radiatum of CA2 and CA3, and even fewer were seen at the border between the CA1 strata radiatum and the lacunosum moleculare of CA1 subfield. A higher dose of colchicine resulted in SP immunoreactivity in a large population of granule cells and mossy axon terminals. The entire CA2 region, the stratum oriens of CA1, CA3, and the subiculum were densely innervated by SP‐containing axon terminals. A homogeneous SP innervation was found in the stratum radiatum of CA1. Only a few SP fibers were seen adjacent to the granule cell layer.
Maxillary sinus grafting with autograft vs. fresh frozen allograft: a split-mouth histomorphometric study.

BACKGROUND Surgical techniques as sinus floor augmentation have made it possible to increase the bone volume of the posterior maxilla so that implant placement may be feasible. A large variety of bone grafting materials have been utilized for sinus floor augmentation. A good alternative is allograft. Fresh frozen bone is harvested from live or cadaveric donors and then immediately frozen and stored at -80 °C. To date, studies about the effect of fresh frozen bone are scarce. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of new bone formation, following maxillary sinus grafting with autograft vs. fresh frozen allograft. MATERIALS AND METHODS A split-mouth edentulous design including 15 patients was used. Sinus floor augmentation was carried out using either autogenous bone harvested from the ramus area or fresh frozen bone from allogeneic femoral heads. The choice was determined randomly, using a randomized table. The grafted sinus was left to heal for 6 months. Biopsies were harvested from the lateral wall. The biopsies were used for bone histology and histomorphometric analysis. After collection of the biopsy, dental implants were placed. After a healing period of 6 months, the implants were loaded. RESULTS Implant survival, histology, and histomorphometry of sinuses grafted with autogenous or fresh frozen bone were similar. The new bone formation took place predominantly around and in-between particles. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study support the use of fresh frozen bone allografts for sinus floor augmentation.
The effect of recombinant human erythropoietin treatment on the endurance performance of Sprague-Dawley rats.

Mild increases in haematocrit (Hct) have been shown to enhance aerobic performance, but the effects of more severe increases have not been studied. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), which can cause substantial increases in haematocrit, was used to study the effects of induced severe polycythemia on aerobic endurance performance. Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats were aerobically trained on motorized running wheels. After 5 weeks, the baseline aerobic endurance of each animal was determined by measuring the running time to exhaustion (RTE). Then each rat was randomly assigned to an experimental group (EXP) which received 600 U kg-1 rHuEPO every 3 days, or a placebo group (PLC). Haematocrit and animal mass were monitored for 3 weeks while training and treatment continued, and then the RTE was determined a second time. Results indicated that the rats in the treatment group had a significantly higher Hct (62.2% vs. PLC value of 47.3%, p < 0.001), but did not have a different RTE (75 min vs. PLC value of 73 min, p > 0.05) when compared to the placebo group. The change in the Hct compared to the change in RTE for each animal showed an inverse relationship (r = -0.8212), indicating that greater increases in rHuEPO induced polycythemia resulted in a decreased performance level. We conclude that rHuEPO-induced severe polycythemia was not accompanied by an increase in aerobic endurance in this animal model.
Augmented reality for manufacturing planning

The shortening of development cycles demand for efficient methods and tools for the planning of complex production systems. Recently immersive Virtual Reality technologies have been introduced to the manufacturing planning functions. This has lead to a decrease in planning times as well as to the improvement of the quality of planning results. The introduction of various virtual planning tools is targeting the complete integration of all planning tasks and demands an intuitive interaction with complex computer models of machinery, factory-layouts etc. Known methods and tools are limited to a purely virtual representation of planning objects and thus require the complete modeling of the production system. The high costs reduce the possible benefits of these tools and this technology in general. New potential for the improvement of the industrial planning process are offered by the AR-technology. Using AR-techniques an physically existing production environment can be superimposed with virtual planning objects. Planning tasks can thus be validated without modeling the surrounding environment of the production site. In this contribution we discuss the support of manufacturing planning tasks with the Augmented Reality technology. We present potential benefits and describe the development of an prototypical AR-System for the support of planning tasks.
Enhancement of drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium by inhibitors of cell envelope synthesis

Treatment of infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex bacteria still remains a challenge since these organisms are resistant to a majority of antituberculous drugs. M. avium is very often linked with acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated opportunistic infections. We earlier suggested that one of the strategies for circumventing multiple-drug resistance might be the enhancement of M. avium drug susceptibility by inhibiting the synthesis of the outermost layer of its envelope, which appears to act as an exclusionary barrier for drugs. In this investigation, we have examined this strategy by simultaneously using drugs and the following inhibitors of the M. avium cell envelope: m-fluoro-phenylalanine (an inhibitor of mycoside-C biosynthesis), DL-norleucine (an inhibitor of transmethylation reactions), ethambutol (an inhibitor of arabinogalactan synthesis), EDTA (a divalent-ion chelator), and colistin (an inducer of membrane flux of divalent cations). All the drugs were used in concentrations which were low enough for a possible medical application to be foreseen. This approach, tested on seven strains of the M. avium complex, showed that both m-fluoro-phenylalanine and ethambutol were interesting candidates because they caused significant enhancement of M. avium drug susceptibility.
Timely MMR Vaccination in Infancy: Influence of Attitudes and Medical Advice on the Willingness to Vaccinate

Abstract In light of the failure to eliminate measles by 2010, the closure of any gaps in immunisation coverage is of paramount importance to interrupt transmission and to protect vulnerable individuals. Not only vaccination-critical attitudes of parents but furthermore the medical advice by physician in charge influence the vaccine uptake. 3 groups of factors which potentially influence parental decisions on child vaccination were analysed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression for the timely uptake of the first and the second dose of measles vaccination: parents’ attitudes towards immunization, the influence of medical and laypersons and the influence of the advice of a medical doctor. A total of 3 041 children were eligible for the analysis. 53.0% of these received the first and 42.9% the second MMR dose in time. If parents considered that vaccinations are important and protective as well as the consulted physician advices towards vaccinations, children had significantly higher chances of a timely vaccination. Whereas, if parents were afraid of vaccinations or get advised by an alternative practitioner, the children had lower chances of being vaccinated in time. If medical providers help parents to reduce uncertainties about vaccination the chance for children to be vaccinated in time increased. It appeared that there still are unmet information needs after the medical consultation. By and large the medical advice plays an important role for vaccination uptake and its timing. In order to raise the vaccination rates further target-population specific approaches are needed