Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Screening of Fungicides Against Phomopsis viticola and Diaporthe perjuncta

Phomopsis viticola is the cause of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot disease of grapevines, while Diaporthe perjuncta is associated with bud mortality. The efficacy of nine fungicides (azoxystrobin, flusilazole, folpet, fosetyl-Al + mancozeb, kresoxim-methyl, mancozeb, penconazole, spiroxamine and trifloxystrobin) against isolates of P. viticola and D. perjuncta was determined in vitro using the mycelial growth test. Additionally, azoxystrobin, folpet, kresoxim-methyl, mancozeb, propineb and trifloxystrobin were tested for their ability to inhibit spore germination in vitro. Ten isolates of P. viticola and three of D. perjuncta were used in the mycelium inhibition tests, and five isolates of P. viticola in the spore germination tests. The effective concentration at which mycelial growth was inhibited by 50% and at which 50% of the spores (EC50 value) were inhibited from germinating was calculated for each isolate/fungicide combination. In the mycelium growth test flusilazole, penconazole and trifloxystrobin gave better inhibition at lower concentrations than folpet and fosetyl-Al + mancozeb. No significant differences in the mean ECso values were detected among azoxystrobin, flusilazole, kresoxim-methyl, penconazole, spiroxamine and trifloxystrobin. There were also no significant differences among the mean EC50 values of azoxystrobin, kresoximmethyl and mancozeb. Flusilazole and penconazole inhibited mycelial growth at the lowest mean EC50 values obtained. Kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin inhibited spore germination at lower concentrations than folpet or mancozeb. Folpet required the highest concentration to inhibit 50% germination and was significantly different from mancozeb and propineb. There were also no significant differences among the mean EC50 values of mancozeb, propineb and azoxystrobin. The mean EC50 values of the strobilurin fungicides were not significantly different from one another. These results indicate that the strobilurin fungicides inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of P. viticola. Trials need to be conducted to verify these findings under field conditions.
Developing Subject Specific Pedagogy (SSP) of Problem Based Learning Model in Laboratory to Improve Problem Solving Ability and Motivation of Students of Senior High School

This study aims to: (1) produce a physics subject specific pedagogy (SSP) of PBL model in laboratory activity appropriate to be in used physics learning of senior high school, (2) determine the effectiveness of the physics SSP of PBL model in laboratory activity to improve problem solving ability of students of senior high school, and (3) determine the effectiveness of the physics SSP of PBL model in laboratory activity to improve learning motivation of students of senior high school.The subjects of the study were grade X3 and X5 students of SMA Giovani Kupang.The data analysis technique using a quantitative descriptive and manova test with a significance level of 5%. The results are as follows: (1) The developed physics SSP of PBL model in laboratory activity consisting of a lesson plans, handout, students worksheets, and assesment of problem solving ability and motivation learning questionnaire is declared fit for physics teaching in SMA Giovani Kupang. (2) The developed physics SSP of PBL model in laboratory activity is effective to improve the problem solving ability of the students of SMA Giovani Kupang. (3) The developed physics SSP of PBL model in laboratory activity is effective to improve learning motivation of the students of SMA Giovani Kupang. Keywords—Physics SSP, PBL, Problem Solving Ability, Learning Motivation
General Process Learning Theory: Challenges from Response and Stimulus Factors

Traditionally, general theories of learning have focused on associative and other mechanisms that are responsible for conditioned behavior without seriously considering how those mechanisms might vary depending on the stimulus being learned about and the response that provides evidence of learning. Recent studies of sexual conditioning in male domesticated quail have revealed both quantitative and qualitative variations in the functional properties of conditioned behavior depending on the response that is measured and the events or objects that serve as conditioned stimuli. For example, sexually conditioned sign tracking behavior is directly related to the ratio between context exposure (C) and trial duration (T) in a conditioning procedure, but sexually conditioned goal tracking is inversely related to the C/T ratio. Other studies have shown that conditioned stimuli that include limited cues from a female quail support different forms of sexually conditioned behavior than conditioned stimuli that lack female features. Furthermore, these various conditioned responses are differentially sensitive to extinction and reinforcer devaluation. The implications of these findings for general process learning theory are discussed.
Growth of seagrass Halophila ovalis at dugong trails compared to existing within-patch variation in a Thailand intertidal flat

We studied small-scale variation in morphology and growth rate of the seagrass Halophila ovalis in an intertidal flat of Thailand coast where the seagrass bed is subjected to grazing by dugongs. Our objectives were to examine whether morphology and growth rate differ between rhizomes in different positions within a patch (center, edge and dugong trails), and to test whether H. ovalis shows plastic growth response to disturbance by dugong feeding. Seagrass biomass and leaf density were 3 to 4 times greater at the patch center than the patch edge and the dugong trails. In contrast, branching rate and internode length of rhizomes were significantly greater at the patch edge and dugong trails than at the patch center. The results of marking experiments of H. ovalis revealed that net production, leaf production and rhizome elongation rates were 2 to 3 times greater at the patch edge than at the center. Growth and production rates at the edge of the dugong trails and artificial trails mimicking dugong trails were not significantly higher than at the patch center. Nevertheless, significant differences in some morphological parameters such as branching frequency and internode length between the dugong trails and the patch center suggest that morphological changes in H. ovalis can be induced over short time scales. Recovery of H. ovalis atter disturbance by dugong herbivory was estimated to be quite rapid (<20 d). High growth rates of H. ovalis were probably responsible for its persistence under grazing by dugongs.
Saharan dust over a central European EARLINET‐AERONET site: Combined observations with Raman lidar and Sun photometer

and Sun photometer observations showed excellent agreement. Particle depolarization ratios of up to 25% were derived from lidar observations at 532 nm. Scattering phase functions retrieved from Sun photometer observations indicated particles of nonspherical shape. This shape caused unusually large particle extinction-to-backscatter (lidar) ratios at 532 nm in the range from 50 to 80 sr. There were substantial deviations of the lidar ratio at 532 nm derived from both measurement methods. They are explained by the effect of particle shape. INDEX TERMS: 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801); 0360 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Transmission and scattering of radiation; 1630 Global Change: Impact phenomena; 1640 Global Change: Remote sensing; KEYWORDS: microphysical properties, optical properties, Raman lidar, Saharan dust, Sun photometer Citation: Muller, D. , I. Mattis, U. Wandinger, A. Ansmann, D. Althausen, O. Dubovik, S. Eckhardt, and A. Stohl, Saharan dust over a central European EARLINET-AERONET site: Combined observations with Raman lidar and Sun photometer, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D12), 4345, doi:10.1029/2002JD002918, 2003.
Regional Integration and Productivity Growth in South Asia 4 . 1

Understanding the role of regional integration in in productivity growth remains a key question in formulating trade policies. Applying both the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and the data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodologies on a panel data from the South Asian countries, the study finds an eroding effect of the free trade agreement on productivity. Most of the countries in South Asia have suffered from a total factor productivity decline in the past three decades. The regional free trade agreement implemented in 2006 could not come to the rescue, as it failed to expedite investment. There are, however, substantial variations in technical inefficiencies among the South Asian countries, suggesting the possibilities of productivity improvement for the lagging countries through cross-border resource flows.
Validation of ancient liquid organics - Panchagavya and Kunapajala as plant growth promoters

Vedic literatures (Vrikshayurveda) have clearly outlined a systematized agricultural practices that insisted on the use of panchagavya (a mixture of the five products of cow in a specific ratio) and kunapajala (decomposed product of fish or animals in liquid form) to enhance the biological efficiency of crop plants and the production of fruits and vegetables. In the present investigation seedlings of chili, tomato and cow pea were treated with panchagavya (T1), kunapajala (T2) and combination of both (T3) along with control (plain water). Panchagavya and kunapajala (using the fish Bombay duck) were prepared as per Vrikshayurveda and used on seedlings as soil drenching at the rate of 3% and 1%, respectively. All the experimental seedlings of each crops recorded higher rates of linear growth of both shoots and roots in all the three treatments over the controls. Combination of both panchagavya and Kunapajala showed best results in influencing all the growth parameters as well as yield of the vegetables. Leaf chlorophyll content was also consistently higher by the application of two organics and that was ultimately reflected on enhanced fruit yield of the crops. Application of panchagavya in all the three vegetables significantly induced production of defense related enzymes such as Polyphenol oxidase that could have enhanced the induced systemic resistance in the plant body, which in turn would have reduced the disease incidence.
Soil microbiological properties and available nitrogen for corn in monoculture and intercropped with forage

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of corn (Zea mays) in monoculture and intercropped with forage on soil microbiological properties and nitrogen availability under no-tillage in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna). The experiment was carried out from the 2007/2008 to the 2010/2011 crop season, in a Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico (Typic Haplustox). A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used, with the following treatments: corn in monoculture; corn intercropped with Panicum maximum; corn intercropped with Urochloa humidicola; P. maximum in monoculture; and U. humidicola in monoculture. Soil samples were taken at 0.00–0.05, 0.05–0.10, 0.10–0.20, and 0.20–0.30-m soil depths, in the begining and in the end of the last crop season. The intercropping systems of corn increased soil nitrogen availability, but did not alter total nitrogen and organic carbon contents in the soil, when compared to corn in monoculture. Corn intercropped with P. maximum increased soil microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial nitrogen quotient, in comparison to corn in monoculture, as well soil as microbial biomass carbon in the surface soil layer, when compared to corn intercropped with U. humidicola.
Identifying Promising Pearl Millet Hybrids Using AMMIand Clustering Models

A set of 27 pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. ] ) hybrids that newly developed using A1 cytoplasmic male-sterile lines, were evaluated over three (two wet and one dry) crop seasons (hereafter refer to as environments) in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications to predict genotype by environment (G × E) interaction for grain yield and its component traits, and to identify the high yielding stable hybrids through AMMI and cluster analysis method for possible adaption. Analysis of variance showed significant genetic variation for all studied traits exists. The Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis indicated that genotype, environment and G × E interaction highly significant for grain yield and other traits. However, G × E interaction component explained very low magnitude (3.87%) towards total genetic variation, while genotype alone contributed much higher magnitude (8.04%) in AMMI model and found TNBH 05 45 was an ideal hybrid for all three environments for grain yield (34% over best control). Diversity analysis showed seven diverse clusters following Euclidean distance coefficient of 0.91 and found TNBH 05 03 and TNBH 05 45 hybrids are promising. Based on these two models, TNBH 05 03, TNBH 39 and TNBH 05 45 were identified for stable performance per se in all the environments, and could be used for subsequent advanced testing and hybrid breeding programmes for possible release within regions.
Spiritual Intelligence of Teachers and Teacher Interns In Relation to their Socioeconomic Status

“Education is a means to an end”, the statement has taken a backseat in the present context of the techno world. The quest for knowledge and truth should be undertaken for its own sake, is becoming the motto of everybody. Education is not primarily for livelihood, but for life as is stressed by the UNESCO. A balanced development of many dimensions of human personality i.e., physical, intellectual, moral, emotional, aesthetic, spiritual and social is the key to true education. The whole purpose of education is to realize the inner dignity of man which ultimately leads to an integral development of personality. The present research aims to explore the spiritual intelligence of teachers and teacher interns in relation to their socio-economic status. A total of 400 teachers and 400 teacher interns were taken as respondents from 10 Senior Secondary Schools and 5 colleges of education through simple random sampling in the sample frame of the present study. To measure the spiritual intelligence of teachers and teacher interns in relation to their socio-economic status, a survey questionnaire was used for data collection. Mean, standard deviation and one-way ANOVA were employed to analyse and interpret the difference of data. After the analysis of data, it was found that the spiritual intelligence of teachers and teacher interns differs with regard to their socio-economic status.
Feeding of Fermented Soybean Meal on Broiler Performance

Soybean meal was fermented with Aspergillus niger for 48 h, dried and supplemented in th e broiler diet at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 percent to study its effect on production performances and intestinal characteristics by using 200 day-old Vencob broilers for 6 weeks period and compared with control diet and commercial enzyme preparation. The result revealed that there was no difference in body weight between treatments up to 4 weeks of age. However, body weight of 0.5 percent FSM fed group was significantly th (P<0.05) higher than control at 5 and 6 weeks of age. The cumulative feed consumption was significantly th th (P<0.05) lesser in 1.5 percent FSM group at 5 and 6 weeks of age. During 3 and 4 weeks, 0.5 percent th th rd th FSM fed group recorded better (P<0.05) FCR than other groups. The livability was 100 percent in all the treatment groups. The percentage of intestine, pancreas, ready-to-cook weight to live weight, intestine length and viscosity of intestinal content were not significantly differed between the treatments. However, the pH of intestinal content was significantly (P<0.05) lower in 0.5, 1.0 percent FSM and commercial enzyme supplemented groups as compared to control. The ileum villi length and width was significantly (P<0.05) higher in 0.5, 1.0 FSM and commercial enzyme supplemented group compared to control. The activities of digestive enzymes did not differ significantly between treatments except lipase activity where, the lipase activity was significantly (P<0.05) higher in 0.5 percent and 1.0 percent FSM than other groups. It wa s concluded that fermented soybean meal may be supplemented in broiler diet at 0.5 percent level as microbial enzyme supplement to improve the production performance of broilers.
Does Crime Affect Firm Innovation? Evidence from Trinidad and Tobago

Research has shown that a suitable business environment supports growth by encouraging investment and higher productivity which in turn impacts enterprise performance and accelerate economic growth. In Trinidad and Tobago, there has been an attempt to encourage investment in innovation through the provision of an enhanced business environment. According to a World Bank report (2007), there is a positive correlation between low rates of business expansion and investments and the increasing incidence of crime within the Caribbean region. This paper uses the 2010 Enterprise Survey dataset for Trinidad and Tobago produced by the World Bank to examine the link between crime and firm innovation. The results obtained in this study suggest that firms which are experiencing losses as a result of crime are less likely to adopt measures of innovation over their lifespan with past losses having both immediate and long-term impacts.
An analysis of the effectiveness of university counselling services

It is important to demonstrate replicable evidence of the effectiveness of counselling procedures. The study aimed to contribute to the currently limited evidence base examining the effectiveness of university student counselling in the UK. Information on therapeutic outcome [based on Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) scores] for 305 individuals attending a large UK university counselling service was analysed. Following counselling intervention: there was a statistically significant improvement in CORE-OM scores with 63% of individuals showing a reliable improvement and only 2% showing a reliable deterioration. Of those who began with a score in the clinical range, 49% showed a clinically significant change. These results provide additional evidence for the effectiveness of university counselling interventions. Future research should aim to build on this preliminary research using randomised controlled trial designs.
Caregiving and the Family

Caregiving is the routine rendering of care by a caregiver who has taken the sole responsi- bility for ensuring that the fundamental needs of the care recipient are met. With the population aging and the increasing trend of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), the need and the demand for home care will rise exponentially. Caregiving for most chronic illnesses has become a fastidious task requiring a combination of formal and informal caregivers to meet the needs of care recipients. The informal caregiving role falls squarely on the shoulders of the family, which remains the basic unit of every society connected biologi- cally, legally or by choice, from which one expects a measure of physical, financial, and emotional support. This chapter discusses caregiving, home care, and the family against the backdrop of diverse world realities in beliefs and attitudes towards healthcare services and home care. It attests to the preferences for home care by some group of patients with chronic/terminal illnesses, especially the elderly, and it also expounds on reasons for this preference, the benefits to the patients and the family, including the family’s need for sup - port in dealing with the burden of caregiving for relatives with chronic illnesses.
User perceptions of EVs and the role of EVs in the transition to low-carbon mobility

Transport play a central role to reach global greenhouse gas emission targets. Reducing emissions from privately owned cars is of high priority, and the sustainable transition of road transport by electrification is one strategy launched to meet this end. Norway has been a forerunner when it comes to this and is today the country with the highest proportion of privately owned electric vehicles in Europe. Summarizing and publishing Norwegian experiences with electric mobility will therefore be useful for those working with transport electrification in other countries. In this paper, we study user perceptions of different models of EVs. The paper focuses on how different models of EVs have been domesticated into Norwegian households. The importance of the incentives and policies related to the adoption of EVs are particularly highlighted and discussed in relation to other perceived properties related to EV driving, such as comfort and environmental concerns. The paper is based on qualitative interviews with different segments of EV drivers from 2013-2015, as well as a quantitative analysis of 3654 EV drivers in Norway from 2016. The paper aims to strengthen the understanding of individuals’ perceptions of EV policies and the possible consequences for policy makers. Also, it seeks to investigate how changing patterns of acting at the individual level may create normality and reconfigure the architecture of choice for others. The study shows that economic and technical aspects of EVs were important for Norway’s successful introduction of the technology, in addition to symbolic aspects related to EVs, such as feeling more environmentally friendly. Hence, we argue that the combination of strong economic incentives, environmental awareness and a comfortable driving experience fostered the successful introduction of the electric car.
Morphological variations in populations of Urginea indica Kunth.Liliaceae

An attempt has been made to enquire into the morphological variations which leads to evolutionary divergence of populations of Urginea indica Kunth. In particular, there were considerable morphological variations within the species. The thirty two cytotypes showed distinct morphological differences in shape, size and colour of bulb and leaf, the length of inflorescence and flower colour. The morphological complexity is accompanied by high degree of cytological variations. Preliminary measurements of reproductive, characters have shown that no noteworthyresults may be obtained in this characters except pedicel length but the vegetative character deviated significantly. Flowering and blooming time varied that also played a role in isolation of these populations. These morphological differences have a genetic basis and would be worthy in recognizing them as a separate sub specific taxon.
On detrending and cyclical asymmetry

This paper considers the issue of testing for symmetry of the business cycle. It is demonstrated that findings of symmetry should be interpreted with caution since tests tend to have low power to detect asymmetries when applied to data that have been filtered to isolate their stationary business-cycle component. This implies that asymmetries are likely to be detected in practice only when they are particularly prominent. An empirical application examines the properties of the cyclical component of real GDP for the G7 countries. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health-related characteristics and incurring credit card debt as problem behaviors among college students

Objective: Given that engaging in risky health behaviors and incurring credit card debt are associated with similar psychological constructs, we examined the relationship of smoking, drinking, exercise, and mental health to having credit card debt among college students.Methods: An online survey was administered to students at 14 Midwestern colleges in 2007.Results: Among 9,931 respondents (41.6% response rate), one-third had credit card debt. Smoking, drinking, high-risk drinking, less exercise, and poorer mental health were related to having debt, after controlling for age, gender, and type of school attended.Conclusions: Identification of common factors underlying these behaviors may inform the development of comprehensive interventions.