Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Miocene Synvolcanic Alluvial Sedimentation in Lignite-bearing Soma Basin, Western Turkey

Calcalkaline volcanism and volcaniclastic deposition controlled considerable mode of late Miocene sedimentation and basinal development of the lignite-bearing Soma basin in western Turkey. The volcanism-induced Denis Formation, overlying the Soma Formation discordantly, is represented by two rock assemblages: 1) In the depositional axis of the basin, green, fine-grained sandstone dominated alluvial-lacustrine deposits and, 2) In the northern margin of te basin, syn-eruptive volcaniclastic apron deposits which are mainly composed of fine and coarse-grained volcaniclastic/pyroclastic rocks and lavas. The primary volcanic rocks surrounding probably low-relief volcanoes representing near-vent assemblage are composed mainly of andesitic, rhyolitic and basaltic lavas and pyroclastics. These volcanic rocks show a complex transformation to syn-eruptive debris flow and hyperconcentrated stream/flood flow processed volcaniclastic apron deposits. The debris flow dominated volcaniclastic apron deposits extend as much as 20-25 km from the multi-vent and low-relief volcanoes. The gradational lithofacies assemblages within the volcaniclastic apron deposits show a proximal to distal change from massive, coarse volcaniclastics to thickly-to thinly bedded, fine-grained ones, and from poor channelized to unchannelized flows. From proximal to distal parts of the apron system, the abundance of debris flow deposits decrease and of hyperconcentrated flood-flow deposits increase gradually. Pyroclastic fallout products like pumices representing explosive volcanism, were spread widely within the basin. Due to the rapid sedimentary processes, huge amounts of unconsolidated volcanic detritus were filled probably fault-controlled topographic lows of the basement rocks and green fine-grained alluvial deposits. The distal volcaniclastic apron deposits are represented coarse-to fine-grained tuffaceous sandstones and they are disturbed or cutted by subvolcanic bodies and covered locally by thin brecciated basalt lavas.
Molecular Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) may enable the laboratory to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae with high sensitivity and specificity in traditional urogenital swabs and in different types of samples obtained noninvasively by patients at home or in other settings. This chapter provides guidance in selecting the most appropriate NAATs for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae among available commercial and in-house assays. The selection of targets for detection of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae is a major point in determining which assay to use for routine diagnostics. Sequence variation in the target region may lead to false-negative results, whereas the presence of the target gene in other species may lead to false-positive results. Routine diagnostics of C. trachomatis infections is predominantly performed with commercial NAAT high-volume test systems, but there are still applications where in-house-developed methods are useful. The number of samples in a pool depends on the prevalence, and it is calculated from the number of samples, which needs to be tested individually from positive pools. Samples from a negative pool should be reported as negative. The rapid spread of a mutant variant of C. trachomatis in Sweden escaping detection by some NAATs has been a warning that vigilance for drug-resistant mutants should be enforced.
A Review on Thermochemical Treatment of Biomass : Pyrolysis of Olive Mill Wastes in Comparison with Other Types of Biomass

Each year, a great quantity of olive oil is produced by the unit mill of trituration. This activity generates two by-products named olive mill wastewater and olive mill solid waste representing major potential waste and environmental problem. However, there is growing interest in pyrolysis as a technology to treat wastes to produce valuable oil, char and gas products. The major important aim of waste pyrolysis is to produce liquid fuel or bio-oil, which is easy to store, transport and can be an alternative to energy source. The key influence on the product yield is the type of biomass feedstock and operating parameters (especially temperature and heating rate). It is important to investigate the effect of variables on response yield and impulse about their optimization. This study reviews operating variable from existing literature on olive mill wastes (OMSW and OMWW) in comparison with various types of biomass. The major operating variables include type of feedstock, final temperature of pyrolysis, heating rate and particle size. The scale of this paper is to analyse the influence of operating parameters on production of pyrolysis bio-oil, char and gaseous products.
IMPACT OF SHIFT IN FOCUS OF ATTENTION ON LEARNING TABLE TENNIS BACKHAND WITH SELF-TALK IN HIGH SCHOOL FEMALES STUDENTS

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of variability of attentional focus distance by self-talk on the learning of table tennis backhand. Methods: Therefore, 80 high school girls by mean age 16(+-0/62) yr. were randomly selected from sport school of Sanandaj and assigned to 5 groups. After pretest, the participants performed 180 forehand strokes during 6 sessions with repeating the words *slightly rotation* in the internal focus group *slightly open* in the near external focus group, *over the net* in the far external focus group, and each of the words *slightly rotation, slightly open, and over the net* respectively in each 2 sessions in the increasing distance of attentional focus group. Control group performed without self-talk during acquisition phase. Retention test was performed 48 hours after acquisition test in the same situation without self-talk, and after half an hour break, transfer test was done by changing the direction of target (parallel forehand) without self-talk. The accuracy and the pattern of forehand strokes were measured by a 5 point-scale (Liao and Masters, 2001) and researcher-made scale, respectively. At the end of acquisition phase, participants filled out the frequency and self-talk beliefs questionnaire. Results: According to the results of 2-factor mixed ANOVA, acquisition, retention, and transfer of backhand accuracy in internal focus of attention group were significantly lower than other groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, the effect of increasing attentional focus distance on acquisition of backhand pattern was significant. The effect of near external attentional focus on retention of pattern was significant. But transfer of stroke pattern in control group was significantly more than far external focus group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Thus, it is recommended to use self-talk by increasing attentional focus and near external attentional focus and not to use internal focus of attention to instruct backhand to novice adolescents.
How Much Does an Increase in Oil Prices Affect the Global Economy? Some Insights from a General Equilibrium Analysis

A global computable general equilibrium model is used to analyze the economic impacts of rising oil prices with endogenously determined availability of biofuels to mitigate those impacts. The negative effects on the global economy are comparable to those found in other studies, but the impacts are unevenly distributed across countries/regions or sectors. The agricultural sectors of high-income countries, which are relatively energy intensive, would suffer more from rising oil prices than would those in lower-income countries, whereas the reverse is true for the impacts across manufacturing sectors. The impacts are especially strong for oil importers with relatively energy-intensive manufacturing and trade, such as India and China. Although the availability of biofuels does mitigate some of the negative impacts of rising oil prices, the benefit is small because the capacity of biofuels to economically substitute for fossil fuels on a large scale remains limited.
RAMA L GROUP ORIENTATION AND SELFCONCEPT : EXAMINING ME RELATIONSHIP USING METAANALYSIS

An empirical summary of 33 studies considers the relationship between racial group orientation and self-concept of an individual. This issue represents a fundamental assumption of afrocentric education practices, that the racial group orientation of the individual is related to the self-esteem of the individual. The results demonstrate a positive relationship between the degree to which a person has a positive orientation towards his or her own racial group and the person's level of self-esteem. Communication scholars increasingly need to consider the issues of interethnic communication--so much of communication scholarship deals with the issues of how a person relates to another as an individual. The development of additional insights and more refined analysis in this investigation will improve the understanding of how persons identify themselves as members of some particular cultural group. (Contains 39 references and 2 tables of data). (Author/CR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** RACIAL GROUP ORIENTATION
Time Discounting and Smoking Behavior Under Tax Hikes

By combining our broad panel survey of Japanese adults from 2005 to 2008 and actual cigarette tax data, we investigate how smoking behavior including responses to tax hikes depends on time discounting and its biases, such as hyperbolic discounting and the sign effect. Cigarette consumption displays significantly positive correlations with discount rates and the procrastinating tendency, and negative correlations with the sign effect. Hyperbolic, procrastinating, andnaive respondents decrease their after-tax-hike cigarette consumption more than the others, implying that, irrespective of the preannouncement of a future tax hike, they postpone smoking moderation until the tax hike actually takes place. Finally, the government's revenue from cigarette tax peaks at a JPY 29.92 (around USD 0.28 using the conversion rate [107.16] in February 2008) higher tax per cigarette than the present actual level.
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA VARIATION OF CULTURED AND WILD POPULATIONS OF ASIAN SEABASS ( Lates calcarifer ) IN THAILAND Variasi DNA

Kakap Putih (Lates calcarifer Bloch) adalah salah satu ikan ekonomis penting yang benihnya dapat diproduksi Thailand. Data genetik merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam mengatur pemijahan induk untuk pemuliaan, namun hingga saat ini informasi terkait keragaman genetiknya masih minim. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji keragaman dan perbedaan genetik kakap putih pada tiga populasi hatchery dan dua populasi alam di Thailand dengan menggunakan metode gabungan antara Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms dan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR-RFLP) pada D-loop control region di DNA mitokondria. Ditemukan tujuh potongan endonuklease dari 268 sampel yang diamati. Populasi alami Chantaburi (CH) memiliki keragaman haplotipe dan nukleotida tertinggi (h = 0.6626, π = 0.0554) dibandingkan populasi lainnya: tiga populasi hatcheri yaitu Rayong (RA), Chonburi (CB) dan Nakhon Si Thammarat (NK) ) (h berkisar antara 0.2709 – 0.3227; π berkisar antara 0.0195 – 0.386) dan populasi alam Nakhon Si Thammarat (PN) (h = 0.172, π = 0.0091). Mismatch distribution analysis mengungkap kejadian bottleneck pada beberapa generasi sebelumnya di populasi alam PN dan seluruh populasi hatcheri. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) menunjukkan 88.95% keragaman disebabkan perbedaan dalam populasi dan 11.05 % disebabkan perbedaan antar populasi. Perbedaan genetik yang signifikan terdapat pada perbedaan antar populasi alam (ΦST = 0.239, P<0.001), namun perbedaan antar populasi hatchery tidak signifikan, menunjukkan terjadi pencampuran genetik sekerabat antar satu dengan hatcheri lainnya. Hal ini karena minimnya masukkan indukan baru dari alam. Kedua hal tersebut dapat menurunkan keragaman dan perbedaan genetik pada setiap populasi hatchery dan antar populasi hatchery. Data awal penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk pengelolaan induk, upaya pemuliaan dan monitoring genetiknya di Thailand.
Stock Return, Currency and General Elections

The association between political elections and stock market performance for Malaysia market is discussed in this paper. This study aims to investigate the impact of General Elections in Malaysia on stock market indices. To provide additional support of the impact of general elections on stock returns through other channels, currency changes were also included in this study so as to discover the mediation effect of the exchange rate on the relationship between general elections and stock returns. Since the exchange rate does, to some extent, influence stock return, the relationship between exchange rates and stock returns during different stages of a general election cannot be overlooked. The results showed that currency change is negatively related with stock returns in pre-election and post-election stages, but it is not significant during the election period. The impact of currency on stock return exists as a mediation effect during election period. In a nutshell, the currency change directly impacts stock return with a negative influence. However, the direct relationship between currency and stock return disappears during the election week. Thus, stock return is affected by currency change indirectly
A combined telemetry – tag return approach to estimate fishing and natural mortality rates of an estuarine fish

A joint analysis of tag return and telemetry data should improve estimates of mortality rates for exploited fishes; however, the combined approach has thus far only been tested in terrestrial systems. We tagged subadult red drum (Sciae- nops ocellatus) with conventional tags and ultrasonic transmitters over 3 years in coastal North Carolina, USA, to test the efficacy of the combined telemetry - tag return approach. There was a strong seasonal pattern to monthly fishing mortality rate (F) estimates from both conventional and telemetry tags; highest F values occurred in fall months and lowest levels occurred during winter. Although monthly F values were similar in pattern and magnitude between conventional tagging and telemetry, information on F in the combined model came primarily from conventional tags. The estimated natural mortality rate (M) in the combined model was low (estimated annual rate ± standard error: 0.04 ± 0.04) and was based pri- marily upon the telemetry approach. Using high-reward tagging, we estimated different tag reporting rates for state agency and university tagging programs. The combined telemetry - tag return approach can be an effective approach for estimat- ing F and M as long as several key assumptions of the model are met.
Distance to the Centaurus cluster and its subcomponents from surface brightness fluctuations

We present I-band Surface Brightness Fluctuations (SBF) measurements for 15 early type galaxies (3 giants, 12 dwarfs) in the central region of the Centaurus cluster, based on deep photometric data in 7 fields obtained with VLT FORS1 and with very good seeing. From the SBF-distances to our sample galaxies we determine the distance of the Centaurus cluster to be 41.3 ± 2.1 Mpc (33.08 ± 0.11 mag). This places the Centaurus cluster at about the same distance as the "Great Attractor". We find a distance difference of 0.27 ± 0.34 mag between the two subcomponents Cen 30 and Cen 45, ruling out that both components are separated by their Hubble flow distance. A distance difference of 0.48 ± 0.21 mag is found between the central galaxies NGC 4696 (Cen 30) and NGC 4709 (Cen 45) of both components, supported by the different turn-over magnitudes of their respective globular cluster systems. This suggests that Cen 45 is falling into but has not yet reached Cen 30, supporting the idea of a large scale filament along the line of sight towards Centaurus (Churazov et al. 1999). H0 = 83.0 ± 8.3 km s −1 Mpc −1 is obtained for our Cen 30 sample taking into account the peculiar motion of the Local Group into the direction of the Centaurus cluster. This value of H0 corresponds to a much smaller Hubble flow distortion in the direction of Centaurus than determined by Tonry et al. (2000), implying that the GA mass estimate by Tonry et al. may be too high and/or that the Centaurus cluster falls into the GA almost perpendicularly to the line of sight. As our mean single measurement error is very close to the measured distance scatter of the investigated galaxies, we can only derive an upper limit of ±10 Mpc radial extension for the Centaurus cluster, corresponding to a five times larger radial than tangential extension. No evidence for an infall pattern into the Great Attractor is found within the uncertainties for the 11 galaxies with measured redshifts.
Coordinate Up-regulation of Vacuolar PPase and VNa + / H + Antiporter to Early Salt Stress in Halophytic Monocot Leptochloa fusca Roots

Vacuolar H-translocation pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) and Na/H antiporter (VNa/H) are important transporters in plant cells and have essential roles against abiotic stresses. In this study, the effects of salt stress were surveyed on the transcription of VPPase pump and Na/H antiporter genes at early times of NaCl treatment in roots of halophytic grass Leptochloa fusca through the Real Time PCR. The first results showed that L. fusca has high ability for accumulating Na under saline conditions. Real-Time PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression level of V-PPase and V-Na/H increased in response to different levels of NaCl treatment, but the transcriptional increase of VNa/H gene was higher than that of the V-PPase gene, indicating that V-Na/H had a crucial role in salt tolerance in this plant. These results indicated that coordinate upregulations of V-PPase expression and Na/H antiporter expression were correlated with Na sequestering into vacuoles of L. fusca. It was also shown that increase e in the expression level of V-Na/H and V-PPase was correlated with the accumulation of sodium in roots, suggesting a physiological role for these antiporters and pump in Na compartmentation during adaptation to high salinity.
Contemporary Creativity Research in Taiwan: A Critical Review

The value of creativity in educational and organizational contexts has achieved widespread recognition in Taiwanese society over the last decade. The present study utilizes it to examine doctoral dissertations related to the topic of creativity in Taiwan, with the wider aim of understanding the attitudes of researchers and possible trends in the Taiwanese creativity research community. Major findings from this meta-analytic study indicate that creativity might serve to maximize both students’ learning performance, and organizational survival. This study also has made it clear that creativity is an important phenomenon across different disciplines in the community of Taiwanese doctoral researchers. It is hoped that this article’s examination of Taiwanese dissertations will stimulate other investigators to conduct in-depth studies for the better understanding of local creativity development and related issues.
Perceptually Optimized Color Selection for Visualization

We propose an approach, called the Equilibrium Distribution Model ( EDM ), for automatically selecting colors with optimum perceptual contrast for scientiﬁc visualization. Given any number of features that need to be emphasized in a visualization task, our approach derives evenly distributed points in the CIELAB color space to assign colors to the features so that the minimum Euclidean Distance among the colors are optimized. Our approach can assign colors with high perceptual contrast even for very high numbers of features, where other color selection methods typically fail. We compare our approach with the widely used Harmonic color selection scheme and demonstrate that while the harmonic scheme can achieve reasonable color contrast for visualizing up to 20 different features, our Equi- librium scheme provides signiﬁcantly better contrast and achieves perceptible contrast for visualizing even up to 100 unique features.
Ιnsider Views of CLIL in Primary Education: Challenges and Experiences of EFL Teachers

The present study attempted a comparative exploration of EFL teachers’ views in relation to integrating the CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) approach in the context of Greek and Cypriot primary education. It is considered that the provision of curriculum content in a second/foreign language (L2/FL) can be advantageous in terms of enhancing both subject knowledge and target language competence, and improving motivation for learning. In total, 248 Greek and 100 Cypriot Teachers of primary education filled in the questionnaire, which comprised five sections: a) the teachers’ CLIL experience, b) characteristics of CLIL, c) competences needed by CLIL teachers, d) integrating CLIL into the curriculum, e) training provision. The findings indicated that the teachers in both contexts acknowledged the challenge of integrating CLIL and its beneficial role in promoting mastery of both the FL and content, however, the data highly supported the teachers’ need for training in CLIL teaching.
Salinity tolerance of Calanus euxinus in the Black and Marmara Seas

We investigated how stenohalinic Black Sea Calanus euxinus, when migrating to the north-eastern Marmara Sea, can adapt to the pronounced salinity gradient there. During field observations (2005 to 2008) females of Calanus euxinus with significantly smaller body length (compared with those inhabiting the brackish Black Sea at 17 to 18 psu) were found in the deep, high-saline (~38.5 psu) layers of the Marmara Sea. Similar diameters of eggs laid by smalland large-sized females and similar respiration rates in nauplii hatched from these eggs indicated the Black Sea origin of the C. euxinus population found in the Marmara Sea. To understand the morphological and physiological changes in C. euxinus during acclimation to high salinity, we studied the effect of salinity on behaviour, food consumption, growth patterns, hatching success and respiration rate of C. euxinus individuals collected in the Black and Marmara Seas. It was shown that the range of salinity tolerance for adult C. euxinus (17 to 30 psu) from the Black Sea was extended gradually to 40 psu after 1 d of acclimation to the high salinity of the Marmara Sea. Long-term parental salinity acclimation facilitates survival of eggs descending through the salinity gradient of the Marmara Sea, from brackish upper layers to deep, high-saline strata, or eggs laid in deep layers. While weight-specific respiration rates at the same temperature did not differ for C. euxinus juveniles from the Black and Marmara Seas, they were ~2 times higher in preadults and adults from the Marmara Sea than from the Black Sea. This may be the reason for the decrease in length and weight increments of these stages probably leading to the small-sized individuals of the seasonal C. euxinus population inhabiting the Marmara Sea.