Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Prorelationship Maintenance Behaviors : The Joint Roles of Attachment and Commitment

The present research uses a behavioral observation methodology to examine emotional and behavioral reactions to threatening interpersonal situations in married couples. The research shows that although anxious attachment can hinder people’s tendencies to react constructively to threatening events, greater relationship commitment may serve as a buffer against the negative effects associated with attachment insecurities, diminishing feelings of rejection, enhancing feelings of acceptance, and promoting more constructive accommodation behaviors. The research also reveals that wives’ degree of relationship commitment has stronger effects on emotional outcomes for both partners than does husbands’ degree of commitment. Moreover, husbands’ and wives’ emotional reactions affect their own accommodative behaviors as well as their spouses’ behaviors. These dyadic findings are discussed in terms of attachment theory and interdependence theory.
The Justice and the Jury

This essay was prepared for a symposium to celebrate the publication of Linda Greenhouse's book, Becoming Justice Blackmun: Harry Blackmun's Supreme Court Journey (2005). The essay examines Justice Blackmun's view of juries. Conventional accounts of juries emphasize their value as fact-finders, guardians of liberty, and a source of legitimacy. By contrast, Blackmun thought juries were important principally as a component of democracy - juries represent an opportunity for citizens to participate in the workings of government. On this account, the task of the Supreme Court is to ensure juries are open for and conducive to participation, just as the Court safeguards the ability of citizens to vote. Blackmun's perspective has important implications for the recent phenomenon of the vanishing jury and helps identify how the democratic benefits of juries might be recaptured today.
Fos-like immunoreactivity in the medulla after acute and chronic angiotensin II infusion.

Acute and chronic angiotensin (Ang) II hypertension are reported to have different mechanisms that involve differential contributions of the peripheral vasculature and the nervous system. Acute Ang II hypertension is mediated primarily by Ang acting at vascular smooth muscle, whereas chronic Ang II hypertension appears to have a neural component. In our experiments, the transition from a peripheral to a neural effect occurs over 10 hr of Ang II infusion in rats. To identify the role of the central nervous system in this transition, we measured Fos immunoreactivity, an indicator of neural activity, in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVL) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL) in normal, sinoaortic denervated (SAD) and sham SAD rats after 2- or 18-hr Ang II infusion (50 ng/kg/min intravenously). Vehicle (5% dextrose) was infused in normal rats as control. Comparable increases in arterial pressure were produced by 2- and 18-hr Ang II infusion in all groups. Fos was increased in the NTS in sham SAD rats by 2- and 18-hr Ang II infusion (P < .05 vs. vehicle control). In the CVL, only 2-hr Ang II infusion was associated with increased Fos in normal and sham SAD rats (P < .05 vs. vehicle control) but not in SAD rats. In the RVL, 18-hr Ang II infusion elevated Fos in all groups (P < .05 vs. vehicle control). Activation of NTS during Ang II infusion is baroreceptor mediated and independent of infusion duration. Acute Ang II infusion produced a baroreceptor-mediated activation of the CVL, a region associated with baroreflex sympathoinhibition. Chronic Ang II infusion produced a baroreceptor-independent activation of the RVL, a brain area associated with sympathoexcitation, suggesting a centrally mediated increase in sympathetic outflow that may be associated with chronically infused Ang II.
Lead Exposure and Spine Bone Mineral Density

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess changes in spine BMD over time in relation to changes in bone and blood lead levels and baseline risk factors among female former smelter workers in Bunker Hill, Idaho. Methods: Spine BMD was measured using Norland XR-26 X-Ray bone densitometer. Cd109 K XRF system was used to estimate tibia bone lead content. Blood lead levels were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption with Zeeman effect background correction. Information about risk factors was obtained through a questionnaire. Results: In the final backward stepwise multivariate regression model after controlling for baseline BMD, baseline blood lead measured in 1994 and time since menopause; spine bone density in 2000 decreased with increasing blood lead levels in 2000 in all these women, especially if they worked in a technical job (miner) most of the time at the smelter. Conclusions: Blood lead may adversely affect bone mineral density
A Novel Dynamic Model Describing the Spread of the MERS-CoV and the Expression of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, a newly identified pathogen, causes severe pneumonia in humans. MERS is caused by a coronavirus known as MERS-CoV, which attacks the respiratory system. The recently defined receptor for MERS-CoV, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), is generally expressed in endothelial and epithelial cells and has been shown to be present on cultured human nonciliated bronchiolar epithelium cells. In this paper, a class of novel four-dimensional dynamic model describing the infection of MERS-CoV is given, and then global stability of the equilibria of the model is discussed. Our results show that the spread of MERS-CoV can also be controlled by decreasing the expression rate of DPP4.
Inhibition of Dihydropteroate Synthetase from Escherichia coli by Sulfones and Sulfonamides

The inhibitory action of various diphenylsulfones and sulfonamides on dihydropteroate synthetase partially purified from Escherichia coli was examined. 4,4′-Diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS; I50 = 2 × 10−5 M) and the monosubstituted derivatives 4-amino-4′-formamidodiphenylsulfone (I50 = 5.8 × 10−5 M) and 4-amino-4′-acetamidodiphenylsulfone (I50 = 5.2 × 10−5 M) were effective inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthetase activity. Disubstitution of the arylamine groups of DDS (4,4′-diformamidodiphenylsulfone and 4,4′-diacetamidodiphenylsulfone) resulted in complete loss of inhibitory activity. Both DDS (KI = 5.9 × 10−6 M) and sulfadiazine (KI = 2.5 × 10−6 M) were found to be competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthetase. These findings are discussed in regard to the Bell and Roblin theory of structure-activity relationships for p-aminobenzoic acid antagonists.
Effect of Multiple Chronic Diseases on Health Care Expenditures in Childhood

Objectives: To examine multiple chronic conditions and related health care expenditures in children. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of all dependents of Mayo Clinic employees aged 0-17 on Jan 1, 2004 with continuous health benefits coverage for 4 years (N=14,727). Chronic conditions, health care utilization, and associated expenditures were obtained from medical and pharmacy claims. Results: The most prevalent chronic conditions were asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12%), allergic rhinitis (11%), and behavior problems (9%). The most costly conditions were congenital anomalies, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and behavior problems ($9602, $4335, and $5378 annual cost per child, respectively). Annual health care expenditures increased substantially with the number of chronic conditions, and a small proportion of children with multiple chronic conditions accounted for a large proportion of health care costs. In addition, those with multiple chronic conditions were more likely to persist in the top 10th percentile spender group in year-to-year spending. Conclusion: Children with multiple chronic conditions accounted for a large proportion of health care expenditures. These children were also likely to persist as high spenders in the 4-year time frame. Further research into effective ways to manage the health care delivery for children with multiple chronic conditions is needed.
The interaction between occupational values and job satisfaction in an authoritative public administration organisation

The paper has two purposes – first, to examine the importance of occupational values (those deriving from the specifics of the occupation and of the legal regulation) of particular groups of authoritative organisations’ public employees and, second, to find out how the perception of the importance of those values correlates with job satisfaction. The measurement of the importance of occupational values and of job satisfaction of all employees in Slovenian authoritative public organisations was based on a comprehensive online questionnaire. First, an independent t-test and the one-way ANOVA (F) test were used to test the differences between subgroups of demographic characteristics. Second, factor analysis was used to formulate the factors of both occupational values and job satisfaction. Finally, correlation coefficients of occupational values and job satisfaction were calculated. In general, the results show the impact of demographic factors (especially gender and age) on the perceived importance of occupational values and a positive correlation of occupational values with facets of job satisfaction. The awareness of the impact of demographic factors on occupational values and their correlation with job satisfaction might be very useful when deciding on measures for improving job satisfaction and, indirectly, the performance of authoritative public organisations.
Control of Convection in High‐Resolution Simulations of Tropical Cyclogenesis

Three idealized high‐resolution simulations of tropical storm formation from a weak vortex are analyzed. The three simulations include a case using warm rain microphysics, a similar case in which surface friction is omitted, and a case in which ice microphysics is used. The goal is to understand the mechanisms controlling the intensity and distribution of convection in the formation process in each of these cases. Simulations of convection in weak temperature gradient convective models show that a combination of low to middle tropospheric moist convective instability, the saturation fraction or column relative humidity, and the surface moist entropy flux explain a high percentage of the variance in precipitation and lower tropospheric vertical mass flux. Tropical cyclones differ from other convective environments in that intense frictional convergence occurs in the boundary layer. Adding a measure of convective inhibition to account for this process enables the lower tropospheric mass flux to be predicted even in the core regions of the simulated tropical cyclones. These results are pertinent to the development of more accurate convective parameterizations for large‐scale models.
Effects Of Poverty On Pre-school Children's Academic Performance: A Case Study Of Huruma Estate Nairobi, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to establish effects of poverty on the academic performance of pre-school in Huruma Estate in Nairobi Province. Five research questions were formulated to guide in the study. The study employed descriptive survey research design while data was collected by use of questionnaires. Findings revealed that Parents were not able to provide their children with learning resources which affected their academic performance. It was also revealed that children who came from poor families provided children with a learning environment which is not conducive, affected their learning. The finding revealed that children were at times forced to be absent from schools to do other jobs at home such as looking after their siblings or do some jobs which affected their academic performance, it was also found out that parents economic * \ standards were low that they were not able to support their children’s' education which also affected their academic performance. It was also found that the living environment was not proper to support children’s’ education for example children did not have adequate space for homework. Based on the findings, it was concluded that family condition contributed by poverty affected children's academic performance. Based on the above findings it was recommended that there is need to support pre-schools by provision of the necessary needs which are not accessible by the parents. It was also recommended that there is need for government to make pre-school education free so as more children are able to access it. Based on the findings the research recommended that there is need to conduct a study on how economic activities of the parents contribute to academic performance of the children. Since this study was conducted i.i one area, there is need to conduct the same study in other areas.
Down-Regulation of Synaptic GluN2B Subunit-Containing N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptors: A Physiological Brake on CA1 Neuron α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid Hyperexcitability during Benzodiazepine Withdrawal

A significant link was previously established between benzodiazepine withdrawal anxiety and a progressive increase in α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) potentiation in hippocampal CA1 neurons from rats withdrawn up to 2 days from 1-week oral administration of the benzodiazepine flurazepam (FZP). Despite AMPAR current potentiation, withdrawal anxiety was masked by a 2-fold reduction in CA1 neuron N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) currents since preinjection of an NMDA antagonist restored NMDAR currents and unmasked anxiety in 2-day FZP-withdrawn rats. In the current study, GluN subunit levels in postsynaptic density (PSD)-enriched subfractions of CA1 minislices were compared with GluN2B-mediated whole-cell currents evoked in CA1 neurons in hippocampal slices from 1- and 2-day FZP-withdrawn rats. GluN1 and GluN2B, although not the phosphoSer1303-GluN2B ratio or GluN2A subunit levels, were decreased in PSD subfractions from 2-day, but not 1-day, FZP-withdrawn rats. Consistent with immunoblot analyses, GluN2B-mediated NMDAR currents evoked in slices from 2-day FZP-withdrawn rats were decreased in the absence, but not the presence, of the GluN2B subunit-selective antagonist ifenprodil. In contrast, ifenprodil-sensitive NMDAR currents were unchanged in slices from 1-day withdrawn rats. Because AMPA (1 μM) preincubation of slices from 1-day FZP-withdrawn rats induced depression of GluN2B subunit-mediated currents, depression of NMDAR currents was probably secondary to AMPAR potentiation. CA1 neuron NMDAR currents were depressed ∼50% after 2-day withdrawal and offset potentiation of AMPAR-mediated currents, leaving total charge transfer unchanged between groups. Collectively, these findings suggest that a reduction of GluN2B-containing NMDAR may serve as a homeostatic feedback mechanism to modulate glutamatergic synaptic strength during FZP withdrawal to alleviate benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms.
The small GTP‐binding protein Rho binds to and activates a 160 kDa Ser/Thr protein kinase homologous to myotonic dystrophy kinase.

The small GTP‐binding protein Rho functions as a molecular switch in the formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers, cytokinesis and transcriptional activation. The biochemical mechanism underlying these actions remains unknown. Using a ligand overlay assay, we purified a 160 kDa platelet protein that bound specifically to GTP‐bound Rho. This protein, p160, underwent autophosphorylation at its serine and threonine residues and showed the kinase activity to exogenous substrates. Both activities were enhanced by the addition of GTP‐bound Rho. A cDNA encoding p160 coded for a 1354 amino acid protein. This protein has a Ser/Thr kinase domain in its N‐terminus, followed by a coiled‐coil structure approximately 600 amino acids long, and a cysteine‐rich zinc finger‐like motif and a pleckstrin homology region in the C‐terminus. The N‐terminus region including a kinase domain and a part of coiled‐coil structure showed strong homology to myotonic dystrophy kinase over 500 residues. When co‐expressed with RhoA in COS cells, p160 was co‐precipitated with the expressed Rho and its kinase activity was activated, indicating that p160 can associate physically and functionally with Rho both in vitro and in vivo.
Coherent coupling of a single molecule to a scanning Fabry-Pérot microcavity

Organic dye molecules have been used in great many scientific and technological applications. Among these, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) behave very favourably as quantum emitters when embedded in organic crystals at temperatures below 4K. PAHs can serve as solid-state emitters with remarkable optical properties such as near-unity quantum efficiency and high photostability. However, transitions to short-lived molecular vibrational levels reduce the scattering cross section by a branching ratio of about 30–50%. In order to overcome this shortcoming and render the molecule as a two-level system, one can enhance its zero-phonon emission by using the Purcell effect, e.g., via coupling to an optical cavity, to obtain a near-unity branching ratio.
Modelling Cardiac Dynamics with Integral Pulse Frequency Modulated Units

We investigate a new model for the cardiac system. It embodies the main features of cardiac activity with great flexibility. It can be tuned to suit different cell types, and scaled up or down to represent either a single cell, an aggregate, or whole tissue. We demonstrate its use in the generation of a clinically realistic electrocardiogram (ECG) and other dynamical behaviours such as spiral waves. Our model is computationally economic - about 1000 times faster than ion conductance based models and is thus ideal for doing large scale simulations
Absorptive Capabilities, FDI, and Economic Growth in Transition Economies

Abstract This article advances the literature on economic growth and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in transition economies by incorporating data on “absorbtive capabilities” of the host economy including R&D indicators and by enhancing the quality of data on FDI. We explore whether countries with accumulated technological and innovative capabilities gain significantly more from FDI. We find that FDI exerts an exogenous positive impact on economic growth, while FDI tends to have a larger impact on economic growth when there is sufficient absorptive capacity and when occurring in technologically more advanced transition economies. The results are robust to different specifications and consideration of endogeneity.
Rhodococcus Equi and Genetic Susceptibility: Assessing Transferrin Genotypes from Paraffin-Embedded Tissues

Rhodococcus equi is a bacterial pathogen, ubiquitous in the soil, that infects many foals and is lethal to some. Transferrin is an iron-binding protein that has bacteriostatic properties in the blood. Transferrin is also highly polymorphic in most species, with 15 variants identified for horses using biochemical methods, and may be responsible for variation in susceptibility to bacterial pathogens. The objectives of this study were 1) to compare biochemical typing with DNA typing of transferrin, 2) to determine if transferrin DNA from archival paraffin-embedded tissue samples can be recovered and typed with molecular methods, and 3) to determine if there was an association between foal death caused by R. equi and transferrin type. Comparing biochemical methods and DNA sequencing for 41 horses demonstrated correspondence between the typing methods. The allele frequency of archival paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 34 Thoroughbred foals that succumbed to R. equi showed an excess of the F allele and a deficiency of the D allele (P < 0.05). Year of collection (P > 0.8), age of foal (P > 0.3), and sex of foal (P > 0.6) were not statistically associated with transferrin type. The archival material was successfully transferrin typed using DNA sequencing, and there may be an association between foal death caused by R. equi and transferrin type.
24-h Fluid Kinetics and Perception of Sweat Losses Following a 1-h Run in a Temperate Environment

This study examined 24-h post-run hydration status and sweat loss estimation accuracy in college age runners (men = 12, women = 8) after completing a 1-h self-paced outdoor run (wet bulb globe temperature = 19.9 ± 3.0 °C). Sweat losses (1353 ± 422 mL; 1.9% ± 0.5% of body mass) were significantly greater (p < 0.001) than perceived losses (686 ± 586 mL). Cumulative fluid consumption equaled 3876 ± 1133 mL (218 ± 178 mL during) with 37% of fluid ingested lost through urine voids (1450 ± 678 mL). Fluid balance based on intake and urine production equaled +554 ± 669 mL at 12 h and +1186 ± 735 mL at 24 h. Most runners reported euhydrated (pre-run urine specific gravity (USG) = 1.018 ± 0.008) with no changes (p = 0.33) at hours 12 or 24 when both genders were included. However, USG was higher (p = 0.004) at 12 h post-run for men (1.025 ± 0.0070 vs. 1.014 ± 0.007), who consumed 171% ± 40% of sweat losses at 12 h vs. 268% ± 88% for women. Most runners do not need intervention concerning between bout hydration needs in temperate environments. However, repeated USG measurements were able to identify runners who greatly under or over consumed fluid during recovery. Practitioners can use multiple USG assessments as cheap method to detect runners who need to modify their hydration strategies and should promote assessment of sweat losses by change in body mass, as runners had poor perception of sweat losses.
A Longitudinal Evaluation of the Effect of Medi-Cal Managed Care on Supplemental Security Income and Aid to Families With Dependent Children Enrollees in Two California Counties

Objective.We examined the differential effect of Medicaid managed care (MMC) among Aid to Families With Dependent Children (AFDC) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) enrollees over time by comparing the experiences of adult nonelderly enrollees in the Health Plan of San Mateo in California versus Ventura County’s fee-for-service (FFS) enrollees. Research Design.Four years of administrative claims data were used to construct a longitudinal data set and estimate panel data models to decompose the effect of managed care over time. Results.AFDC MMC enrollees exhibited generally fewer ambulatory visits, lower expenditures, and higher monthly probabilities of a preventable hospitalization relative to comparably enrolled FFS patients. SSI MMC enrollees had more emergency department visits and higher monthly probabilities of hospitalization. However, SSI MMC enrollees had more ambulatory visits and more medications during the first year of enrollment relative to SSI FFS enrollees, although levels were similar in subsequent years. SSI MMC enrollees did not exhibit a significantly higher level of expenditures in the first year of enrollment, although in subsequent years, expenditure levels were significantly lower. Conclusions.The results for emergency department visits and preventable hospitalizations presented a decidedly downbeat picture of access to care for AFDC and SSI enrollees in MMC. However, some aspects of utilization under managed care exhibited results consistent with long-term–oriented treatment for enrollees with a greater likelihood of remaining in the system for a longer period of time (SSI enrollees). By contrast, enrollees more likely to be enrolled for shorter periods (AFDC enrollees) tended to exhibit care patterns under MMC consistent with lower levels of care relative to FFS.
N′-[(E)-4-Hydroxybenzylidene]-2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)acetohydrazide

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C19H16N2O3, contains two independent molecules in which the dihedral angles between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring are 10.0 (1) and 35.3 (1)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional framework parallel to (001). Weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds complete a three-dimensional network.