Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pimecrolimus permeates less than tacrolimus through normal, inflamed, or corticosteroid‐pretreated skin

Abstract: The permeabilities of normal human and normal, inflamed, or corticosteroid (CS) pretreated skin of young domestic pigs for pimecrolimus and tacrolimus were compared in vitro, using Franz‐type diffusion cells. The test articles were either used as 1.0% solutions or as the marketed formulations (Elidel 1% cream, Protopic 0.1%, and 0.03% ointment). In normal human skin, the permeation rate of pimecrolimus from the 1% cream was about sixfold lower than that of tacrolimus from 0.1% ointment and by a factor of 4.3 lower compared with tacrolimus from Protopic 0.03%. In pigs, sodium laurylsulfate‐induced irritant contact dermatitis resulted in significantly faster skin permeation of both drugs from applied solutions. The permeation rate for pimecrolimus was lower than that for tacrolimus. Thus, at 24 h, pimecrolimus concentrations in the receptor fluid were 2.8‐fold lower than the tacrolimus levels. Compared with normal porcine skin, permeation of drugs through hydrocortisone (1.0%)‐, mometasone (0.1%)‐, or clobetasol‐17‐butyrate (0.05%)‐pretreated skin was increased by factors of 3.6 (pimecrolimus, applied as 1% cream) and 1.7 (tacrolimus, applied as 0.1% ointment). In normal pig skin, the permeation rate of tacrolimus was found to be 11.2 times higher than that of pimecrolimus and 3.5‐ to 7.1‐fold higher in CS‐pretreated skin, independent of the potency of the CSs. The present in vitro data suggest that in patients with acute skin inflammation or after therapy with topical CSs, percutaneous absorption and, as a consequence, systemic drug exposure will be lower with Elidel 1% cream as compared with Protopic 0.1% and 0.03% ointment.
AlGaN/GaN power HFET on silicon substrate with source-via grounding (SVG) structure

We have developed a high-power AlGaN/GaN HFET fabricated on 4-in conductive Si substrate with a source-via grounding (SVG) structure. The SVG structure enables efficient chip layout and high packing density by the vertical configuration. By establishing a high-quality epitaxial technology on a Si substrate and by significantly reducing the parasitic resistance, a very low specific on-state resistance of 1.9 m/spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/ is achieved. The breakdown voltage is as high as 350 V, which is attributed to the Si substrate acting as a backside field plate. Because of reduction of the parasitic inductance, very high level of current (2.0 kA/cm/sup 2/) transients, i.e., a turn-on time of 98 ps and a turn-off time of 96 ps, are successfully measured for the first time.
Follow‐up of workers from the prefabricated concrete industry after the addition of ferrous sulphate to Danish cement

Ferrous sulfate has been added to cement manufactured in Denmark, reducing the water soluble chromate content to not more than 2 ppm, since September 1981. A comparison is made between the medical and employment status of a cohort of workers engaged, or who had been engaged, in the manufacture of prefabricated concrete building components in 1981 and in 1987. Workers who had allergic cement eczema in 1981 appeared to show no improvement 6 years after the reduction of chromate in the cement. Improvement was seen, however, in the eczema of those workers with irritant cement eczema. The 1987 study showed that a larger number of chromate‐sensitized workers required medical services and topical steroid treatment than did those who were not sensitized to chromate. This difference was statistically significant. The worse medical prognosis of the chromate‐sensitized workers could in part be due to the fact that some of these had secondary contact sensitivity to cobalt and rubber chemicals. The chromate‐sensitized workers also took earlier retirement. Younger workers with allergic and irritant cement eczema continued to work and their employment status was not influenced by chromate sensitization.
Specific cleavage of hyper‐edited dsRNAs

Extended double‐stranded DNA (dsRNA) duplexes can be hyper‐edited by adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs). Long uninterrupted dsRNA is relatively uncommon in cells, and is frequently associated with infection by DNA or RNA viruses. Moreover, extensive adenosine to inosine editing has been reported for various viruses. A number of cellular antiviral defence strategies are stimulated by dsRNA. An additional mechanism to remove dsRNA from cells may involve hyper‐editing of dsRNA by ADARs, followed by targeted cleavage. We describe here a cytoplasmic endonuclease activity that specifically cleaves hyper‐edited dsRNA. Cleavage occurs at specific sites consisting of alternating IU and UI base pairs. In contrast, unmodified dsRNA and even deaminated dsRNAs that contain four consecutive IU base pairs are not cleaved. Moreover, dsRNAs in which alternating IU and UI base pairs are replaced by isomorphic GU and UG base pairs are not cleaved. Thus, the cleavage of deaminated dsRNA appears to require an RNA structure that is unique to hyper‐edited RNA, providing a molecular target for the disposal of hyper‐edited viral RNA.
Kazanlı Kumsalı'na (Mersin) yuva yapan Chelonia mydas ve Caretta caretta populasyonlarının 2006 üreme sezonunda araştırılması

Bu calismada, 2006 ureme sezonunda Mersin ilinde bulunan Kazanli Kumsali’na yuva yapan Chelonia mydas ve Caretta caretta populasyonlari incelenmistir. Yapilan calismada 385 C. mydas ve 11 C. caretta yuvasi tespit edilmistir. 4.5 km uzunlugundaki kumsalda her iki tur icin yuva yogunlugu, ortalama yumurta sayisi, yuvadaki yavru basari orani, denize ulasan yavru basari orani, denize ulasan yavru sayisinin toplam yumurta sayisina orani hesaplanmistir. Ayrica kumsalda 22 olu C. caretta ve 4 olu Trionyx triunguis bireyi bulunmustur
Contextual supports and barriers to career choice: A social cognitive analysis.

Summary The foregoing review of the career barriers literaturepresents a mixed picture. On the one hand, students andworkers do perceive barriers to their career progress; but onthe other hand, barrier ratings are often found to besomewhat modest in size and have not been shown to beconsistently related to important career outcome or processvariables in the mostly student samples in which they havebeen studied. This is not to say that barriers are notconsequential for many Individuals. Indeed, they are likelyto be especially salient for those who have been victimizedby various forms of oppression. However, several concep-tual and methodological issues—such as the manner inwhich barriers have been defined, failure to consider thecontext and temporal specificity of barriers, noncorrespon-dence between barriers and outcome criteria (in terms ofcontent and developmental task), infrequent attention tomediating and moderating variables, understudy of nonstu-dent samples, and use of designs that do not explorepotential causal effects of barriers—may have partly ob-scured the impact of perceived barriers and the mechanismsthrough which they affect career behavior.Despite these considerations, recent career barriers re-search has constructed an important conceptual and method-ological foundation for further inquiry, and the program-matic research of Swanson, McWhirter, and Luzzo and theircolleagues has been particularly pivotal. In the remainder ofthis article, we attempt to build on this foundation, offering amodest set of suggestions for future research on careerbarriers and their conceptual partner, career supports. Thesesuggestions are premised on the need to clarify or elaboratecertain aspects of SCCT having relevance for the conceptu-alization and assessment of contextual variables.
Boolean Filters and Prime Filters of Residual Lattices

Residual lattice play an important role in the study of fuzzy logic based on t-norm. In this paper, we introduce the notions of Boolean filter in residual lattices, and therefore generalize the corresponding results which shown in BL-algebras by E. Turunen to residual lattices. We completely solve an open problem on filters of BL-algebras posed by M. Haveshki et al. Moreover, we investigate prime filters of residuated lattices, and by using the software MATHEMATICA, we also give a counterexample to show the distinction between prime filters of residual lattices and one of MTL-algebras.
Another case report of opisthotonos and propofol.

3. Pandit SK, Kothary SP, Pandit UA, Kunz NR. Double-blind placebocontrolled comparison of dezocine and morphine for postoperative pain relief. Can Anaesth Soc J 1985;32:583-Y1. 4. Downing JW, Brock-Utre JG, Barclay A, Schwegmann IL. WY16225 (Dezocine): a new synthetic opiate agonist-antagonist and potent analgesic comparison with morphine for relief of pain after lower abdominal surgery. Br J Anaesth 1981;53:5944. 5. Garfield JM, Garfield FB, Philip BK, et al. A comparison of clinical and psychological effects of fentanyl and nalbuphine in ambulatory gynecologic patients. Anesth Analg 1987;66:130>7. 6. Wetchler BV, Alexander CD, Shariff MSY, Gandzels GM. A comparison of recovery in outpatients receiving fentanyl w r w s those receiving butorphanol. J Clin Anesth 1989;1:33943.
The significance of "indefinite for dysplasia" grading in Barrett metaplasia.

CONTEXT For a confident diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett metaplasia, the epithelial atypia should also involve the surface epithelium. However, pathologists are often faced with biopsies where the crypts show dysplasia, but the surface epithelium is either uninvolved or unevaluable. We previously grouped these cases with indefinite for dysplasia (IND). OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical significance of IND grading in Barrett metaplasia. DESIGN All biopsies from 276 prospectively followed patients with Barrett metaplasia, who did not have high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) on initial biopsy, were graded as negative for dysplasia, IND, low-grade dysplasia (LGD), HGD, and EAC. Biopsies with multifocal IND or LGD were graded as INDM or LGDM, respectively. RESULTS Only 3 of 193 patients (2%) with an initial diagnosis of negative for dysplasia and only 1 of 48 patients (2%) diagnosed with IND progressed to HGD or EAC. By contrast, 1 of 7 patients (14%) with INDM, 2 of 21 (10%) with LGD, and 1 of 7 (14%) with LGDM progressed to HGD or EAC. There was no significant difference in progression rate between patients with an initial diagnosis of negative for dysplasia and those diagnosed IND nor were there significant differences among patients with initial diagnoses of INDM, LGD, or LGDM. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with INDM, LGD, or LGDM on initial biopsy (group 1) were more likely to progress to HGD or EAC than were those patients who were diagnosed negative for dysplasia or IND (group 2; log-rank test, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Multifocal IND in an esophageal biopsy from a patient with Barrett metaplasia has the same clinical implication as LGD.
In vivo induction of human cytochrome P450 3A4 by rifabutin in chimeric mice with humanized liver

The induction of human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) often poses a serious problem in clinical practice. The induction of CYP3A leads to a decrease in the pharmacological potency of drugs, since many drugs are substrates of CYP3A. The present study examined the in vivo induction potency of human CYP3A in chimeric mice with humanized liver, recently established in Japan, by a specific inducer of human CYP3A enzyme activity in this experimental condition, rifabutin, which is an analogue of rifampicin. The chimeric mice were treated intraperitoneally daily for 4 days with rifabutin (50 mg kg−1 day−1). The mRNA, protein and enzyme activity in liver of the chimeric mice were measured by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. In the chimeric mice, the human CYP3A4 mRNA expression, CYP3A4 protein content, testosterone 6ß-hydroxylase activity and dexamethasone 6-hydroxylase activity were increased 7.4-, 3.0-, 2.4- and 1.9-fold, respectively, by treatment with rifabutin. The mRNA expression of other human CYPs, transporters and nuclear receptors was not significantly changed by rifabutin. On the other hand, rifabutin was demonstrated not to increase the murine Cyp3a enzyme activities in the control mice. It was demonstrated that human CYP3A4 expressed in the chimeric mice with humanized liver was induced by rifabutin, suggesting that human CYP3A4 in the chimeric mice had induction potency. This chimeric mouse model may be a useful animal model to estimate and predict the in vivo induction of CYPs in human.
CCR7 Expression in Developing Thymocytes Is Linked to the CD4 versus CD8 Lineage Decision1

During thymic development, T cell progenitors undergo positive selection based on the ability of their T cell Ag receptors (TCR) to bind MHC ligands on thymic epithelial cells. Positive selection determines T cell fate, in that thymocytes whose TCR bind MHC class I (MHC-I) develop as CD8-lineage T cells, whereas those that bind MHC class II (MHC-II) develop as CD4 T cells. Positive selection also induces migration from the cortex to the medulla driven by the chemokine receptor CCR7. In this study, we show that CCR7 is up-regulated in a larger proportion of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes undergoing positive selection on MHC-I compared with MHC-II. Mice bearing a mutation of Th-POK, a key CD4/CD8-lineage regulator, display increased expression of CCR7 among MHC-II-specific CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. In addition, overexpression of CCR7 results in increased development of CD8 T cells bearing MHC-II-specific TCR. These findings suggest that the timing of CCR7 expression relative to coreceptor down-regulation is regulated by lineage commitment signals.
Diagnostic viability of depressive personality disorder: theoretical and conceptual issues.

Depressive personality disorder (DPD) is being considered for inclusion in future editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). In this paper, we review the theoretical and empirical literature on DPD, and examine a number of issues concerning its viability as an Axis II disorder. Three criteria were used as necessary preconditions for the inclusion of DPD on Axis II: (a) substantial theoretical distinctiveness from other disorders, (b) established empirical distinctiveness from other disorders, and (c) sufficient deviation from a "normal temperament. " We argue that it is improbable that this disorder could be diagnosed independently of dysthymia, and that there is also considerable symptom overlap with several Cluster C disorders. Although there appears to be sufficient deviation from normality among the entire group of individuals with DPD, those persons whose symptoms are not severe enough to cause overlap with dysthymia may not so deviate. We conclude that the current conceptualization of DPD does not have sufficient discriminative validity or clinical utility to warrant inclusion in future editions of the DSM.
Theory of mind, empathy and moral emotions in patients with affective disorders

Summary Aim of the study. The aim of this paper is to present the selected aspects of social functioning of persons with diagnose of bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD). The main focus is on analyzing the functioning of theory of mind, empathy and moral emotions among groups of patients. Considerations also apply the possible mechanisms underlying the impairments of mentioned areas. Material and methods. The analysis of present literature related to the subject. Results. There are a lot of studies confirming the presence of handicap of theory of mind, empathy and moral emotions in patients with affective disorders. Conclusions: Disturbances of social cognition and moral emotions are common among persons with BD or MDD. Raising awareness of the problems affecting this area may contribute to a better understanding of patients and help the clinicians in conducting effective therapy. bipolar disorder / major depressive disorder / theory of mind / empathy / moral emotions
Association of MDR1 C3435T and RFC1 G80A polymorphisms with methotrexate toxicity and response in Jordanian rheumatoid arthritis patients.

OBJECTIVES Methotrexate (MTX) is the most commonly used disease-modifying antirheumatic drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Genetic polymorphisms of reduced folate carrier (RFC1 G80A) and multi-drug resistance-1 (MDR1 C3435T) might affect MTX response and/or toxicity. The aim of this study was to find out if there is an association between those polymorphisms and MTX toxicity and/or response in Jordanian RA patients. METHOD A genotyping approach was used to determine the studied polymorphisms in 159 RA patients. RESULTS There was an association between RFC1 G80A and MDR1 C3435T polymorphisms with MTX toxicity. Patients with RFC1 80GG genotype were at higher risk for gastrointestinal toxicity (p = 0.036). Patients carrying at least one MDR1 3435T variant allele were at higher risk for MTX overall toxicity (p = 0.04), especially hepatotoxicity (p = 0.028). Furthermore, the distribution of RFC1 G80A polymorphism between males and females was significantly different. The variant genotype 80AA was found to be more in males than in females (60% vs. 31%) (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in methotrexate transporters affect the toxicity but not the response of MTX treatment. Further studies should be performed to have more conclusive results.
Isatin binding proteins in rat brain: In situ imaging, quantitative characterization of specific [3H]isatin binding, and proteomic profiling

Isatin (indole‐2,3‐dione) is an endogenous indole that has a distinct and discontinuous distribution in the brain and in other mammalian tissues and body fluids. Its output is increased under conditions of stress and anxiety. Its biological targets remain poorly characterized, although [3H]isatin binding sites have been demonstrated in various brain structures. In this study, by using a real‐time beta‐imager, [3H]isatin radioligand binding analysis, and proteomic identification of proteins specifically bound to the affinity sorbent 5‐aminocaproyl‐isatin‐Sepharose, we have investigated the distribution of [3H]isatin specific binding sites in the rat brain, characterized their Kd and Bmax, and identified some individual brain isatin binding proteins. The binding of [3H]isatin to rat brain sections was saturable and characterized by Kd values (of 0.2–0.3 μM) consistent with physiological concentrations. The highest Bmax was found in the hypothalamus, consistent with a role in stress. In most brain regions, the homologous inhibition of [3H]isatin binding by increasing concentrations of cold isatin demonstrated complex behavior suggesting involvement of various binding proteins characterized by different affinity to isatin. Affinity chromatography of Triton X‐100 lysates of whole‐brain homogenates on 5‐aminocaproyl‐isatin‐Sepharose followed by subsequent proteomic analysis resulted in identification of 25 individual proteins, including glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, one of few previously reported isatin binding proteins, and a group of cytoskeleton‐related proteins. These binding sites may be related to the known antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities of isatin. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low complexity intra mode decision algorithm for 3D-HEVC

The 3D High Efficiency Video Coding (3D-HEVC) has recently been approved by the Joint Collaborative Team on 3D Video coding (JCT-3V) and standardized as an extension of HEVC. To improve the intra coding efficiency of Multi-view Video plus Depth maps (MVD), the 3D-HEVC brings a good intra coding solution, but the computational complexity load increase significantly, which restricts the use of 3D-HEVC encoders in real world application. Therefore, an efficient intra mode decision algorithm is needed. To overcome the aforementioned problem, this paper presents a new mode prediction method enabling high complexity reduction of 3D-HEVC intra coding. The experimental results show that the low complexity intra mode decision algorithm increases the speed of intra coding significantly with negligible loss of encoding efficiency.
Mutations in RT and Protease III -93 NOV 95 Mutations in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Associated with Drug Resistance

The knowledge of HIV-1 drug resistance continues to increase at an exponential rate. This is particularly true for resistance to HIV-1 protease inhibitors, for which the first resistant variants were described less than two years ago (Otto et al., PNAS90:7453–7457, 1993). Now resistance to virtually all classes of protease inhibitors has been documented. To keep our readership informed of newly described mutations, we have updated the tables below, which first appeared in IAVN in May 1994 (Vol 2; No 5). Following the tables is a list of abbreviations used. We hope that the tables’ revised content will be useful to virologists and clinicians active in the field. We urge all investigators to provide additions or amendments of the table to any of the authors. Data formatted as in the table with an appropriate reference (abstract, manuscripts or paper) would be welcomed.
Is sex better? Parasites say "no".

Sexual reproduction poses an evolutionary paradox. An organism that reproduces asexually passes on all of its genes to each one of its individual progeny, whereas one that reproduces sexually passes on only half to each. Other things being equal, natural selection favors asexual reproduction, because given the same number of progeny, the asexual individual has double the fitness of the sexually reproducing one.
Renal involvement in children with COVID-19 infection

Perhaps when China reported its first cases of the novel coronavirus in December 2019, few would predict that it would overwhelm the majority of the global community. The first reports conveyed that the rate of infection and death from this virus among children is rare. However, evidence showed that there is no particular age range for the disease and children, infants and even neonates may be infected. Although COVID-19 primarily targets the host’s respiratory system, complications in other organs such as heart, kidney and liver have been observed as well. This mini-review attempts to consider the publications focused on the COVID-19 infection among children with emphasis on renal involvement and the treatment approach of this complication.