Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Sarcocystis fusiformis and Hydatid cyst among Different Ruminants at Menofia Governorate, Egypt

Sarcocystis fusiformis cysts and Hydatid cysts are of the most prevailing parasitic infestations of meat having economic and public health importance. S. fusiformis is an intracellular protozoan of the Phylum Apicomplixa which has an indirect life cycle, Hydatid cysts caused by the parasitic cestode E. granulosus that also has an obligate two-host life cycle, so they require an intermediate herbivorous or omnivorous host. So, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of S. fusiformis and Hydatid cysts in ruminants at Menofia governorate, Egypt. Physical examination of 1916 ruminant animal at different abattoirs at Menofia governorate was carried out from Septemper 20161 to August 2017 and microscopic examination was also conducted. About 20.5% of the examined animals were found positive for S. fusiformis. Buffaloes were infected with 85.96% while cattle were infected with 0.1%. The highest infection rate was recorded in animals older than 5 years old with percentage of 92.28%, then the animals between 3 to 5 years 29.32%, while animals less than 3 years were about 0.54%. The highest infection was recorded in Winter and Spring seasons 33.3% and 27.13%. Hydatid cyst was recorded with overall prevalence 3.6%. It was found in camels with percentage of 29.18%, and 1.75% in buffaloes. In conclusion Sarcocystis fusiformis and Echinococcus granulosus cysts prevailed at Menofia governorate, Egypt with considerable percentages that require more molecular studies to determine their genes and require putting strategies to control stray dogs and cats near the abattoirs and efficient condemnation of affected organs.
Environmental parameters and specific growth of Kappaphycus alvarezii in Saugi Island , South Sulawesi Province , Indonesia

Kappaphycus alvarezii is one of superior seaweed. This study was aimed to find the influence of environmental parameters on specific growth of this species. Seaweed were obtained from the farmers in the waters of Saugi Island. Based on this study, the environmental parameters in the rainy season was in the optimum range for growth of seaweed, resulted in a favorable growth rate of seaweed. Specific growth of seaweed in the rainy season was from 33.75 g in the first week to 127.5 g on the 7th week. The increase in nitrate content and the current velocity at stable conditions of temperature and pH enhanced seaweed growth by 3.917 g and 0.08 g, respectively. However, the environmental parameters in the dry season was not ideal, which resulted in reduced growth of the seaweed.
Machine learning-guided directed evolution for the development of small-molecule antibiotics originating from antimicrobial peptides

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are valuable alternatives to traditional antibiotics that possess a variety of potent biological activities by exerting immunomodulatory effects to clear difficult-to-treat infections. Understanding the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of AMPs can direct the synthesis of desirable therapeutics. In this study, we use machine learning-guided directed evolution to develop the lipopolysaccharide-binding domain (LBD), which acts as a functional domain of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), a family of AMPs, identified from Marsupenaeus japonicus. We report the identification of LBDA-D as an output of this algorithm with the input of the original LBDMj sequence and show the NMR solution structure of LBDB, which possesses a circular extended structure with a disulfide crosslink in each terminus and two 310-helices and exhibits a broad antimicrobial spectrum. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed LBDB induced the formation of a cluster of bacteria wrapped in a flexible coating that ruptured and consequently killed the bacteria. The co-injection of LBDB and Vibrio alginolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus and another major pathogen in shrimp aquaculture white spot syndrome virus in vivo improved the survival of M. japonicus, indicating a promising therapeutic role of LBDB for infectious disease. The findings of this study pave the way for the rational drug design of activity-enhanced peptide antibiotics.
The Critical Role of Estrogen in Menopausal Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a bone disorder, which causes a reduction in the mass and density of bone tissue, and implants a greater possibility for skeletal fractures to occur. This bone disease is especially relevant for women suffering from menopause. Due to this general prevalence, osteoporosis requires continual intervention in the pharmacological and medicinal industry for better treatment alternatives for patients. A focal point for many scientific research studies for osteoporosis has been estrogen. As a hormone, estrogen exhibits a fluctuating capacity in the woman's body, and this has been proclaimed to be a qualifying explanation as to why women develop osteoporosis after menopause.
Dodecyl Creatine Ester Improves Cognitive Function and Identifies Drivers of Creatine Deficiency

Creatine transporter deficiency prevents creatine uptake into the brain, leading to mental retardation. To better understand the pathophysiology, this study focuses on the identification of biomarkers related to cognitive improvement in a Slc6a8 knockout mouse model (Slc6a8/y) engineered to mimic the clinical features of CTD patients which have low brain creatine content. Shotgun proteomics analysis of 4,035 proteins in four different brain regions; the cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus (associated with cognitive functions) and brain stem, and muscle as a control, was performed in 24 mice. Comparisons of the protein abundance in the four brain regions between DCE-treated intranasally Slc6a8-/y mice and wild type and DCE-treated Slc6a8-/y and vehicle group identified 14 biomarkers, shedding light on the mechanism of action of DCE. Integrative bioinformatics and statistical modeling identified key proteins associated with CTD, including KIF1A and PLCB1. The abundance of these proteins in the four brain regions was significantly correlated with both the object recognition and the Y-maze tests. Functional analysis confirmed their key roles and associated molecules in CTD pathogenesis.
Public Service Motivation as a Predictor of Altruism, Dishonesty, and Corruption

Understanding how Public Service Motivation (PSM) is tied to ethical or unethical behavior is critically important, given that civil servants and other public sector employees throughout the world have been shown to exhibit high PSM levels. However, empirical evidence about the relationship between PSM and ethical conduct remains limited, due in part to the challenges of observing illicit behaviors and overcoming social desirability bias in self-reported measures. The researchers address these challenges by employing incentivized experimental games to study the relationships between PSM and altruism, dishonesty, and propensity to engage in corruption. Based on data from approximately 1870 university students at three research sites in Russia and Ukraine, they find evidence of a robust positive association between PSM and altruistic behavior and negative association between PSM and willingness to engage in corruption. Results concerning dishonesty are more mixed. The researchers’ extension of the study of PSM to Russia and Ukraine, two countries that consistently rank poorly on international corruption indicators, additionally offers the opportunity to analyze the role of PSM in a context in which corruption and rule breaking are widespread. Funding Acknowledgment: This study was prepared within the framework of the HSE University Basic Research Program and funded by the Russian Academic Excellence Project '5-100'. Support was also received from the Equality Development and Globalization Studies (EDGS) program at Northwestern University, funded by the Rajawali Foundation in Indonesia.
B 99 , 224101 ( 2019 ) Scale-invariant avalanche dynamics in the temperature-driven martensitic transition of a Cu-AlBe single crystal

We have combined high sensitivity, extra-low differential temperature scanning rate calorimetry, and acoustic emission (AE) measurements to study avalanches during the cubic ↔ 18R martensitic transition of a Cu-Al-Be single crystalline shape memory alloy. Both AE and calorimetry corroborate a good power-law behavior for cooling with an exponent ε 1.6. For heating, a slope is observed in the maximum likelihood curves, which confirms that our data are affected by an exponential cutoff. An effective energy exponent, ε ∼ 1.85, and a cutoff, λ−1 = 0.115(38) × 10−3 aJ, were determined by fits of power-laws with exponential damping. The long tail observed in the low-temperature region by calorimetric measurements suggests the existence of significant elastic effects that constrain the progress of the transformation at low temperatures. While thermodynamic features such as transformation enthalpy and entropy are those expected for Cu-based shape-memory alloys undergoing a cubic ↔ 18R transition, the critical behavior deviates from the corresponding behavior expected from this symmetry change. These deviations are a consequence of the elastic hardening induced by the interplay of the transformation with dislocation jamming, which has the effect of effectively reducing the number of pathways connecting the parent and martensitic phase.
Relationship Between Green Logistics Tendency and Logistics Performance : A Comparative Case Study on Logistics Service Providers

Increasing concerns related to environmental side effects of the logistics services and competition between the logistics service providers are two pressuring factors on logistics service providers. This study seeks to explore the relation between green logistics tendency and logistic performance from the perspective of logistics service providers. In order to reach this aim, two logistics service providers are investigated by comparative case study method. Findings showed the effects of green logistics services on logistics performance components.
We develop a fully automated reconstruction of South Pole surface roughness as a measure of past wind intensity , using dynamic warping feature recognition and internal

[1] We develop a fully automated reconstruction of South Pole surface roughness as a measure of past wind intensity, using dynamic warping feature recognition and internal consistency checks to reduce subjectivity and analysis time. We synchronized millimeter‐ resolution optical profiles of deep South Pole glacial dust together with ice core data between the ages 26 and 90 thousand years B.P. The images were captured using a laser dust logger in six boreholes of the IceCube neutrino detector array, a massive construction project in the ice at South Pole and an unusual opportunity for glaciology and paleoclimate research. South Pole surface roughness anticorrelated with curves of Antarctic pCO2 and temperature, which we propose were connected through secular migrations of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies. This new paleoclimate signal may be direct evidence of atmospheric reorganization during the glacial, helping to deconvolve the thermodynamics and biogeochemistry of climate change. We also found that local intensity of atmospheric circulation roughly tracked the quantity of wind‐borne particulates deposited in Antarctic ice during the glacial period, although the largest dust increases were likely furnished by the source regions.
AtNHX 1 and AtNHX 3 from Arabidopsis improve salt and drought tolerance in transgenic poplar

The tonoplast and plasma membrane localized sodium (potassium)/proton antiporters have been shown to play an important role in plant resistance to salt stress. In this study, AtNHX1 and AtNHX3, two tonoplast Na(K)/H antiporter encoding genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, were expressed in poplar to investigate their biological functions in the resistance to abiotic stresses in woody plants. Transgenic poplar plants expressing either gene exhibited increased resistance to both salt and water-deficit stresses. Compared to the wild type (WT) plants, transgenic plants accumulated more sodium and potassium ions in the presence of 100 mM NaCl and showed reduced electrolyte leakage in the leaves under water stress. Furthermore, the proton-translocating and cation-dependent H (Na/H or K/H ) exchange activities in the tonoplast vesicles isolated from the leaves of transgenic plants were higher than in those isolated from WT plants. Therefore, constitutive expression of either AtNHX1 or AtNHX3 genetically modified the salt and water stress tolerance of transgenic poplar plants, providing a potential tool for engineering tree species with enhanced resistance to multiple abitotic stresses. Additional key words: abiotic stress, electrolyte leakage, Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana, tonoplast vesicles, transgenic plant,
TOWARDS FASTER MRI ACQUISITION THROUGH DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS by

Title of thesis: TOWARDS FASTER MRI ACQUISITION THROUGH DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS Cheng Peng Master of Science, 2019 Thesis directed by: Professor Rama Chellappa Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Extensive research on accelerating Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been done along two fronts: (i) hardware acceleration, and (ii) image post processing. We present the results of our work on image post processing, where the inputs are sparsely sampled volumetric images, and our deep-learning-based models seek to output the original, densely sampled images. Specifically, we propose two different methods for accelerating MRI, corresponding to two different aspects of the MR acquisition process. First, We propose a marginal super-resolution (MSR) approach based on 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for interpolating an anisotropic brain magnetic resonance scan along the highly under-sampled direction. Previous methods for slice interpolation only consider data from pairs of adjacent 2D slices. The possibility of fusing information from the direction orthogonal to the 2D slices remains unexplored. Our approach performs MSR in both sagittal and coronal directions, which provides an initial estimate for slice interpolation. The interpolated slices are then fused and refined in the axial direction for improved consistency. Since MSR consists of only 2D operations, it is more feasible in terms of GPU memory consumption and requires fewer training samples compared to 3D CNNs. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional linear interpolation and baseline 2D/3D CNN-based approaches. We conclude by showcasing the method’s practical utility in estimating brain volumes from under-sampled brain MR scans through semantic segmentation. Secondly, although undersampled MR image recovery has been widely studied for accelerated MR acquisition, it has been mostly studied under a single sequence scenario, despite the fact that multi-sequence MR scan is common in practice. We aim to optimize multi-sequence MR image recovery from undersampled k-space data under an overall time constraint while considering the difference in acquisition time for various sequences. We first formulate it as a constrained optimization problem and then show that finding the optimal sampling strategy for all sequences and the best recovery model at the same time is combinatorial and hence computationally prohibitive. To solve this problem, we propose a blind recovery model that simultaneously recovers multiple sequences, and an efficient approach to find the near-optimal combination of sampling strategy and recovery model. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method not only outperforms sequence-wise recovery, but also sheds light on how to optimally undersample the k-space for each sequence within an overall time budget. TOWARDS FASTER MRI ACQUISITION THROUGH DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS
Estimates of Age-SpecificMortality Rates from Sequential Cross-Sectional Data inMalawi

This paper uses a method for estimating age-specific event rates for adults (15–49 years) in Malawi between 1977 and 1998. This method, which is based on the development of unstable populations, is similar to the “variable-r” methods. Data from Malawi demonstrate mortality reduction nearly for all age groups between 1977 and 1987 for males whereas for females the reduction was observed for age groups 15–19 and 40–44. Contrary to this finding, the 1987–1998 intercensal period shows that mortality increased at a higher rate in the ages 20 and above for males than females. However, the increase for the females is much higher in the 1987–1998 intercensal period than in the 1977–1987 intercensal period. These findings may be related to the onset and effect of the AIDS epidemic. Implications for future research are discussed.
The agricultural roots of industrial development : rural savings and industrialisation in reform era China

Improvements in agricultural productivity are often claimed to aid industrialisation at low levels of development. However, empirical evidence for this is limited. This paper uses a natural experiment to show that China’s 1978 to 1984 agricultural reforms promoted industrial development by increasing the supply of capital. Variation in agricultural productivity comes from the fact that the reforms liberalised the planting of cash crops. Counties with land agro-climatically suited to those crops thus benefitted more from the reforms. Frictions in Chinese capital markets meant that rural savings were often invested locally. Consistent with a simple two-sector model linking the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors through the supply of capital, counties benefitting more from the reforms had faster post reform growth in savings, investment and non-agricultural output. Data from the 1995 industrial census also indicates that firms in these areas faced relatively low capital costs. Additional results indicate linkages through other channels cannot explain the growth in non-agricultural output. The results of this paper thus suggest that agricultural surpluses can provide an important source of capital for low income countries. JEL Codes: O11, O13 O43, P32 ∗s.marden@sussex.ac. uk. Previous versions of this paper circulated under various titles. This paper has benefited from discussions with Oriana Bandiera, Brad Barham, Tim Besley, Loren Brandt, Gharad Bryan, Robin Burgess, Francesco Caselli, Jon de Quidt, Melissa Dell, Laura Derksen, Dave Donaldson, Rob Eastwood, Ben Faber, Thiemo Fetzer, Jason Garred, Doug Gollin, Stelios Michalopoulos, Ben Moll, Nathan Nunn, Gerard Padrò-i-Miquel, Michael Peters, Silvana Tenreyo, Francesco Trebbi, Kelly Zhang and seminar participants at LSE, Oxford (CSAE), Nottingham, Manchester, NEUDC, Sussex, UEA, CEMFI, University of British Columbia, CREi, University of Toronto, the World Bank Research Group and the IEA World Congress. I gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Economic and Social Research Council and the Royal Economic Society. All errors remain my own.
Food Poisoning Bacteria in Ready to Eat Meat and Chicken Meat Products

Contamination of ready to eat foods sold by street vendors,restaurants and markets premises rendering has become a global health problem.The present study was designed to examinebacteriologically some ready to eat products(beef luncheon, chicken luncheon,grilled kofta and grilled chicken)for (E.coli, S.aureus, Sallmonellae and B.cereus.) The incidence of E.coli was high in beef luncheon and chicken luncheon by 24%, S.aureus was high in grilled chicken by 36% and B.cereus was high in grilled kofta by 24%. Salmonellaspp were not be detected in all examined samples.The presenceof these microorganisms in ready to eat food samples makesthem unfit for human consumption. Generally, the application and implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) System as a hazards control system must be done in meat serving establishments.
Interactive comment on “ Supraglacial pond evolution in the Everest region , central Himalaya , 2015 – 2018 ” by

Author response to comments from two reviewers Title: Supraglacial pond evolution in the Everest region, central Himalaya, 2015–2018 Authors: Caroline J. Taylor, J. Rachel Carr MS number: tc-2019-12 Dear Editor, We are very grateful to C. Scott Watson and an anonymous reviewer for taking the time to review our manuscript and for providing detailed constructive comments. On reflection, and given the sensitive nature of glacier hazards, we accept that the manuscript
SORPTION OF HEAVY METAL IONS ( Cu 2 + and Cd 2 + ) FROM SIMULATED AND INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS USING SUGARCANE

The widespread use of heavy metals in different manufacturing processes has resulted in their presence in the air, soil and aquatic ecosystems. Many manufacturing processes release their effluents into nearby streams and rivers due to non-availability of waste treatment technologies in the developing world. Industrialization has therefore been reported to be a major anthropogenic source of these elements and their compounds waterbodies. Conventional methods that are currently being used in the developed world (such as chemical precipitation, ultra-filtration, reverse osmosis, etc) are expensive and so, unaffordable to small-scale businesses prevalent in developing economies. The need for alternative, cheaper and available technologies therefore, cannot be over-emphasized. This study attempted to remove heavy metals (Cu and Cd) from simulated and industrial (paint and textile) wastewaters using sugarcane biomass. A synthetic resin (Chelex) was used as control. Batch sorption experiments were conducted to assess the influence of contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, pH, agitation speed, temperature and particle size. Increases in the parameters (except particle size) gave corresponding increases in percentage adsorption of both metals. Optimal temperature for adsorption was achieved at 50C above which adsorption declined considerably. Experimental data for Cu and Cd fitted well into freundlich and langmuir isotherms. In textile effluent, 100% adsorption was achieved for both metals using sugarcane biomass in contrast to 89% and 91% for Cu and Cd respectively in chelex, a synthetic resin. Similarly, adsorption was 100% for both metals using the biosorbent. Sugarcane biomass may therefore be utilized for water and wastewater remediation in the developing world. Its biodegradability gives comparative advantage over alternative synthetic and expensive resins since its disposal will be more environmentally friendly.