Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation and Economic Performance : Literature Review November 2010

Regulations and institutional factors can determine economic performance by influencing the efficiency with which the product and labour markets operate. This paper reviews the main theoretical channels by which regulation can have an impact on economic outcomes, such as productivity, investment, innovation and employment, and examine some of the empirical relationships found in the literature. The paper highlights evidence that points to positive effects that de-regulation of the product markets have on performance, , focusing especially on the indirect effects associated with de-regulation of key services sectors. Special attention is paid to two services sectors widely sheltered from competition forces, namely professional services and the financial sector. The paper also discusses aspects of labour market regulation. It concludes that the channels underpinning associations between regulation and performance in service sectors remain largely unexplored and further empirical work is needed.
Adaptación española del "International Affective Picture System" (IAPS). Tercera parte

Title: Spanish adaptation of the "International Affective Picture System" (IAPS). Third part. Abstract: The Spanish norms for pictures in shows 15 to 20 of the Interna- tional Affective Picture System (IAPS) are reported in this paper. Participants were 811 undergraduate university students (521 women), who rated the valence, arousal, and dominance of 358 pictures. The correlations between the North-American and the Spanish ratings were all highly significant and, like in the United States, the picture distribution in the bidimensional affec- tive space, defined by the ratings on affective valence and arousal, displayed the typical boomerang shape. Our data also corroborated gender differenc- es in aversive pictures found in North-Americans. These results are fully consistent with those obtained in the first and second part of the Spanish adaptation, and demonstrate that the standardization of IAPS in our coun- try has been successful. Finally, our data confirmed the cross-cultural dif- ferences found in arousal and dominance ratings: Spanish participants tended to assign higher arousal and lower dominance scores to the pic- tures, as a whole, than North-Americans. These data support the general cultural stereotypes that exist for these countries and suggest that the IAPS
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE NEAR-IR TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SUPER-EARTH HD 97658B

Recent results from the Kepler mission indicate that super-Earths (planets with masses between 1–10 times that of the Earth) are the most common kind of planet around nearby Sun-like stars. These planets have no direct solar system analogue, and are currently one of the least well-understood classes of extrasolar planets. Many super-Earths have average densities that are consistent with a broad range of bulk compositions, including both water-dominated worlds and rocky planets covered by a thick hydrogen and helium atmosphere. Measurements of the transmission spectra of these planets offer the opportunity to resolve this degeneracy by directly constraining the scale heights and corresponding mean molecular weights of their atmospheres. We present Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared spectroscopy of two transits of the newly discovered transiting super-Earth HD 97658b. We use the Wide Field Camera 3's (WFC3) scanning mode to measure the wavelength-dependent transit depth in 30 individual bandpasses. Our averaged differential transmission spectrum has a median 1σ uncertainty of 23 ppm in individual bins, making this the most precise observation of an exoplanetary transmission spectrum obtained with WFC3 to date. Our data are inconsistent with a cloud-free solar metallicity atmosphere at the 10σ level. They are consistent at the 0. 4σ level with a flat line model, as well as effectively flat models corresponding to a metal-rich atmosphere or a solar metallicity atmosphere with a cloud or haze layer located at pressures of 10 mbar or higher.
The Causes and Risk Factors of Tuberculosis Deaths in Khuzestan

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the 10 leading cause of deaths in developing countries. Understanding the cause and risk factors of TB death and lowering them can reduce its mortality rate. The aim of this study was to assess the cause and risk factors for death of tuberculosis. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Khuzestan province in the south west of Iran, from 2002 to 2006. Medical records of tuberculosis cases over the 5-year period were reviewed and death data were analyzed. Including criteria were documented TB diagnosed based on National Tuberculosis Program (NTP). Extracted data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 system and by chi squared test. One hundred and twenty five deaths (3.15%) with mean age of 48.96±10.03 years were detected. Risk factors for death were: cigarette smoking, diabetes, chronic peritoneal dialysis, MDR-TB, imprisonment, AIDS and injection drug usage. 93 deaths (74.4%) were directly attributed to tuberculosis. Overwhelming TB disease, hemoptysis, AIDS/HIV and MDR-TB were the cause of death with the rate of 69.9%, 11.8%, 9.7% and 8.6%, respectively. 32 (25.6%) deaths were due to medical problems unrelated to TB, among which were cardiovascular diseases, bacterial super infection and cancers with the rate of 25%, 21.9% and 15.6%, respectively. The deaths of TB not only are directly related to TB, but also are caused due to comorbid conditions. Overwhelming TB disease, hemoptysis, cardiovascular diseases, bacterial super infection and cancers are the main cause of death. MDR-TB, imprisonment, AIDS and injection drug usage are the main risk factors for TB mortality.
Tomato grafting impacts on yield and fruit quality under water stress conditions

Water deficit in semi-arid areas is the main limiting factor affecting crop production and quality. Suitable strategies for water management, such as water regimes and grafting, can be helpful for the sustainability of agriculture and overcoming drought stress. Responses of two greenhouse-tomato cultivars (Durinta and Valouro F1) grafted onto three rootstocks (Beaufort, Maxifort, and Spirit) to water stress were evaluated using three irrigation water regimes (50, 75, and 100% crop evapotranspiration [ETc]). The results showed the efficiency of grafting increases in total yield, and contents of vitamin C (VC), total soluble solids (TSS), calcium (Ca 2+ ), and potassium (K + ). Beaufort rootstocks produced better quality plants and higher yield compared to Maxifort or Spirit rootstocks. Under 100% ETc, Durinta cultivars had higher fruit number and weight, total yield, and Ca 2+ and K + concentrations, but under high water stress, VC, TSS, and TS contents increased. Durinta grafted onto Beaufort rootstocks (DB) had higher total yield percentages (40.36–52.49% and 73.78–100.73%) than non-grafted Durinta and Valouro plants, respectively. Thus, we recommend grafting of tomato scions (Durinta) onto Beaufort rootstocks as an acceptable practice for greenhouse producers, because DB increased crop yield while saving approximately 25% of irrigation water. Moreover, it is an effective practice for industrial and fresh market production of tomato because of the high TSS and VC contents. KEYWORDS
Aerosol analysis and forecast in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecast System: 3. Evaluation by means of case studies

[1] A near real-time system for assimilation and forecasts of aerosols, greenhouse and trace gases, extending the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), has been developed in the framework of the Global and regional Earth-system Monitoring using Satellite and in-situ data (GEMS) project. The GEMS aerosol modeling system is novel as it is the first aerosol model fully coupled to a numerical weather prediction model with data assimilation. A reanalysis of the period 2003–2009 has been carried out with the same system. During its development phase, the aerosol system was first run for the time period January 2003 to December 2004 and included sea salt, desert dust, organic matter, black carbon, and sulfate aerosols. In the analysis, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) total aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm over ocean and land (except over bright surfaces) was assimilated. This work evaluates the performance of the aerosol system by means of case studies. The case studies include (1) the summer heat wave in Europe in August 2003, characterized by forest fire aerosol and conditions of high temperatures and stagnation, favoring photochemistry and secondary aerosol formation, (2) a large Saharan dust event in March 2004, and (3) periods of high and low sea salt aerosol production. During the heat wave period in 2003, the linear correlation coefficients between modeled and observed AOD (550 nm) and between modeled and observed PM2.5 mass concentrations are 0.82 and 0.71, respectively, for all investigated sites together. The AOD is slightly and the PM2.5 mass concentration is clearly overestimated by the aerosol model during this period. The simulated sulfate mass concentration is significantly correlated with observations but is distinctly overestimated. The horizontal and vertical locations of the main features of the aerosol distribution during the Saharan dust outbreak are generally well captured, as well as the timing of the AOD peaks. The aerosol model simulates winter sea salt AOD reasonably well, however, showing a general overestimation. Summer sea salt events show a better agreement. Overall, the assimilation of MODIS AOD data improves the subsequent aerosol predictions when compared with observations, in particular concerning the correlation and AOD peak values. The assimilation is less effective in correcting a positive (PM2.5, sulfate mass concentration, Angstrom exponent) or negative (desert dust plume AOD) model bias.
Abnormal Iron Accumulation in Brain and New Iron Chelator for Labile Iron Removal Therapy

The homeostasis of transition metal ions is central to many life processes, but the alterations in Fe, Zn, and Mn homeostasis are observed in the brain of patients of several neurodegenerative disorders. Abnormally high levels of non-transferrin-bound iron ions (NTBI), or labile iron ion, have been demonstrated in a number of neurodegenerative disorders including dementia, Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and oxidative stress closely related with NTBI in the brain is widely believed to be associated with neuronal death in these diseases. We have investigated the chemical mechanism of the abnormal accumulation of iron ions in the brain observed for the patients of neurodegenerative disorders, and based on these results we have prepared the new iron chelators, so-called super-polyphenols. Since our super-polyphenols can excrete only NTBI effectively from the plasma, not the iron in the holo-transferrin, our super polyphenols should be one of the most hopeful substances for labile iron removal therapy, including the prevention of dementia, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Our super-polyphenols are characterized by the following four points, i.e . , 1) these super-polyphenols are water-insoluble, 2) these are not metabolized in the human body due to its insolubility in water and its polymeric structure (MW~90,000), 3) their iron (III) chelates are also water-insoluble, and 4) they do not interact with the iron ions in the holo-transferrin, and because of the these properties our super-polyphenols give no damage to human body.
Particle in a cavity in one-dimensional bandlimited quantum mechanics

The effects of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) on the low-energy stationary states of a particle moving in a cavity with no sharp boundaries are determined by means of the perturbation expansion in the framework of one-dimensional bandlimited quantum mechanics. A realization of GUP resulting in the existence of a finite ultraviolet (UV) wave-vector cutoff K ∼ 1 / ℓ P ? > (with the Planck length ℓ P ? > ) is considered. The cavity of the size ℓ ≫ ℓ P ? > is represented by an infinitely deep trapezoid-well potential with boundaries smeared out in a range R satisfying the inequalities ℓ ≫ R ≳ ℓ P ? > . In order to determine the energy shifts of the low-lying stationary states, the usual perturbation expansion is reformulated in a manner that enables one to treat consistently order-by-order the direct and indirect GUP effects, i.e., those due to the modification of the Hamiltonian and the lack of the UV modes, respectively. It is shown that the leading terms of the indirect and the direct GUP effects are of the first and second order, respectively, in the small parameter ℓ P / ℓ ? > in agreement with our previous finding in a more naive approach Sailer et al (2013 Phys. Rev. D 87 084056).
Socio - Economic Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Kogi, Nigeria.

Hu man Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a major public health problem in Sub - Saharan Africa and have contributed to lowering the life expectancy among those infected. Several factors have been attributed to causin g the infection and its prevalence as well as the quality of life of those infected. The aim of this study was t o determine the socio - economic factors influencing the quality of life of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Kogi State, Nigeria. A descriptive Cr oss - sectional study was carried out. The sample included 252 PLWHA from five health care centers recruited through Treatment Support Specialist, themselves PLWHA. The WHOQOL - HIV bref was used to assess each study respondents. Of the 252 respondents, 178 (7 0%) were in the age group 18 - 35 years, 158 (62.7%) were females, 98 (38.9%) had secondary school education, and 126 (58.3%) had no monthly income. Four variables which included occupation, income, education, and discrimination, showed significant associa tion in relation to at least three of the six quality of life domains. Higher educational levels and income were associated with higher score for quality of life on the Physical health, Psychological health, Level of Independence and Spirituality/religion/ personal beliefs domains while those who reported not been discriminated scored higher in all domains. The implication of this study is hinged on the fact that the quality of life of PLWHA as important as it is could be influenced by these factors which co uld be appropriated to the advantage of improving the quality of life of PLWHA in Nigeria. ( Kehinde Charles MOFOLORUNSHO , Emmanuel Onwubiko NWANKWO, Taiye Babatunde MOFOLORUNSHO. Socio - Economic Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Kogi, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2013;11( 8 ): 33 - 39 ). (ISSN: 1545 - 0740). http://www.sciencepub. net/nature . 6
XBeach-G as a Design Tool for Rock on mild slopes under wave loading.

This study describes the stability of rock on a mild slope (e.g. milder than 1:6) under wave loading. This is done because an increasing number of situations occur where mild foreshores are protected from the wave and currents. The empirical stability formula, designed by VAN DER MEER [1988], is not valid for these kind of slopes. Nonetheless, an extrapolation of this VAN DER MEER [1988] formula is currently used to design for these mild slopes. Recent research shows that an optimisation is possible as the extrapolated VAN DER MEER [1988] formula seems to overestimate the erosion. This research tests XBeach-G on mild slopes to verify its applicability as a design method for mild slopes. XBeach-G is a process based 1D numerical model, designed to model the physics occurring on mild gravel beaches. To verify the potential XBeach-G as a design tool, some of the VAN DER MEER [1988] tests are reproduced and the occurred damage is compared to two sediment transport formulas, the VAN RIJN, [2007] and NIELSEN, [2006]. Because the VAN DER MEER [1988] tests are executed on relative steep slopes, the slope angle is changed to more mild slopes. The observed trend is analysed on several hydrodynamic and morphodynamic parameters, such as the velocity, the acceleration, the shear stress and the sediment transport rate. Beside the slope, several other parameters such as the stone size; the phase lag angle and layer thickness are changed as well. A comparison of the test results to the formulas show that neither of the two formulas are able to predict the trend of damage levels as is found in the tests. The NIELSEN, [2006] formula gives unexpected results for steeper slopes, and the VAN RIJN, [2007] formula for mild slopes. This report proposes to use the VAN RIJN, [2007] formula for steeper slopes and to use the NIELSEN, [2006] formula for mild slopes. (milder than 1:6). Considerable attention should be given to the calibration factors in the NIELSEN, [2006] formula as these have a significant effect on the formed erosion. The model functions well enough for less detailed erosion profile estimations. The overall erosion depths and profile do not deflect that much and can be used for more dynamic profile descriptions. Because there is not a lot of data for comparison, it is recommended to do additional tests to verify the observed results. The test programme should focus on the point of incipient motion for coarse sediment under an angle. Both formulas are designed for horizontal sandy beds. Adjustments have been made to use them for rocks on slopes. Further research should focus on these correction factors as these do not yet seem to be correct
Assessment of sharps waste management practices in a referral hospital

Sharps waste is part of infectious waste generated in health facilities, management of which is critical. This study aimed at assessing the sharps waste management practices in a referral hospital. The study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data on sharps waste containers (SWCs) management in generation rates was collected for 60 days, while waste incineration data was collected from 65 randomly selected days. This study gives a picture on how sharps wastes are managed from generation to final disposal. The average weight per used safety box observed in this study (1.54 kg/box) was far above the average weight of a normally filled safety box (0.79 kg/box) indicating that most of the safety boxes are overfilled at MNH. The overfilling of SWCs at MNH was at an average of 10.7% of all the SWCs collected, with a maximum value of 30%, indicating a problem in sharps waste management within the hospital. The sharps waste generation rate observed in a referral hospital (40.8 kg/day) was higher than values reported in district hospitals, but the sharps waste proportion in the infectious medical waste incinerated at MNH was low (at 4% on average). Increasing sharps waste proportion in the waste load increased the incinerator performance in terms of fuel effectiveness. The amount of ash collected from the incinerator per day was observed to be minimal compared to literature data. The final ashes were 5.4% of the total waste loaded, which indicates that the incinerator is more effective in weight reduction, rated at 94.6% efficient. Keywords: Sharps waste, sharps waste container, overfilled safety box, sharps waste proportion, infectious waste, incinerator ash, fuel effectiveness
Relationship between atmospheric circulation indices and climate variability in Estonia

A simple method for calculating circulation indices by using gridded data of mean sea level pressure is applied to Estonia. The main objective of the research is to analyse the relationship between the developed indices and climate variability in Estonia. The results indicated that correlation between the indices and air temperature varies significantly between different months and seasons. The air temperature is positively correlated with the zonal circulation index during the period from September to March and has no correlation from April to August. The meridional index (positive values correspond to the higher-than-normal southerly airflow) has a positive correlation with the air temperature from April to September and no significant correlation in other months. In case of the higher-than-normal zonal and SW-NE index, the duration of the snow cover in Estonia is shorter than normal because the snow cover duration is related to air temperature conditions. The correlation between the indices and precipitation is low. Several statistically significant trends in monthly and seasonal circulation indices were detected using a linear regression analysis and a non-parametric Mann-Kendall test for trend. During 1946-1997, the mean zonal circulation has intensified in February and winter (DJF), and decreased in April, June and September. The southerly airflow has increased in March. The southwesterly circulation has increased in February and March and decreased in April, June, September, summer (JJA) and autumn (SON). The airflow from southeast has intensified in spring (MAM).
A Study on Factors Affecting Middle-aged Men's Suicidal Ideation

This study attempted to provide basic data for screening high-risk subjects by confirming suicidal thinking intensity and by identifying its influential factors in mid-aged men. Data No.3 from third National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2012 by the CDCP were used with 40-64 years middle-aged men targets. The collected data were analyzed via applying weight by using the complex sample analysis method of SPSS 19.0 program, frequency analysis, cross-analysis, and logistic regression analysis. The result revealed that 10% of middle-aged men showed suicidal thinking, and low-income earners had suicidal thinking 1.972 times higher than usual, the unmarried 2.587 times higher than men with spouses, men without spouses 1.482 times higher than men with spouses, the underweighted 18.183 times higher the obese. The blue-collared and the unemployed had suicidal thinking 1.349 and 13.342 times higher than the white-collared respectively. Furthermore, inactive subjects showed suicidal thinking 2.998 times higher than active subjects. Therefore, to prevent suicide in mid-aged men, separating these high-risk subjects in primary screening is needed for management, and suicide prevention programs should be developed at social and political level that include the information considering stress, depression, and obesity.
THE COMPARISON OF SOME PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ELITE YOUTH NATIONAL AND AMATEUR

The aim of this study was to compare some physical and physiological features of elite and amateur badminton players. The sample of the study were totally 31 Turkish badminton players in 2010-2011 season; consisting of Youth National male players (n=16, age: 16.8±1.5) and amateur level male players (n=15, age: 16.3±0.8) from Sport High School. After the body composition of players were determined, agility test, sit and reach test, multiple reaction test, hand grip strength test and wingate anaerobic power test were applied to them. “Independent T-test” was applied for comparisons among independent groups. After statistical analyses, it was determined that elite players had higher values in height (cm), agility (second), right hand grip strength (kg) (p<0.01), body fat percentage and fat free mass (kg) (p<0.05) than amateur players. As a result, it was seen that the elite and amateur level badminton affected the height, agility, hand grip strength and body composition (lower body fat percentage and higher fat free mass) of players positively.