Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efecto del ácido giberelico sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo del fruto de Banano (Musa AAA), en Urabá

La presente investigacion se realizo en el municipio de Apartado, departamento de Antioquia, zona importante por su area de produccion de banano de aproximadamente 30.000 Ha sembradas, entre el Segundo Semestre de 2003 y el Primer Semestre de 2004, el proposito de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del acido giberelico aplicado en diferentes concentraciones y epocas sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo del fruto de banano “clon Gran Enano”. Para lograr los objetivos se planteo un diseno de bloques completamente al azar con un arreglo factorial de 3x4 y tres repeticiones. Donde el primer factor correspondio a la epocas de aplicacion (hoja F30, diferenciacion floral y belloteo) el segundo factor las concentraciones (0.0, 50, 100, 150 mg L -1) del producto comercial RizUp SL R, que contiene acido giberelico al 4%. Se encontro que aplicaciones foliares de acido giberelico no causan efectos significativos a las variables de produccion: peso racimo, peso vastago, fruta neta aprovechable. Tambien se determino que a medida que se aumentaron las concentraciones de acido giberelico hubo un menor desarrollo del fruto de Banano.
The impact of chronic rhinosinusitis on sleep-disordered breathing.

BACKGROUND The nose plays an important role in sleep quality. Very little is known about sleep problems in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of CRS on sleep-disordered breathing. METHODOLOGY CRS patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery were collected between July 2010 and May 2015. Before surgery, they filled 20-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test and Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaires, were asked about the severity of nasal obstruction, and received acoustic rhinometry, smell test, an endoscopic examination, sinus computed tomography, and a one-night polysomnography. Sleep quality was evaluated in these patients and was correlated with the severity of rhinosinusitis. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-nine CRS patients were enrolled in the study. Among them, 38.1% complained of daytime sleepiness, and this sleep problem was correlated with the symptom of nasal obstruction. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was diagnosed in 64.7% of the patients, but there was no correlation with the severity of rhinosinusitis. Nasal polyps did not worsen sleep problems in the CRS patients. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that CRS patents had a high prevalence of OSAS, and worse OSAS in CRS patients was not correlated with the severity of rhinosinusitis.
Max-Boost-GAN: Max Operation to Boost Generative Ability of Generative Adversarial Networks

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) can be used to learn a generation function from a joint probability distribution as an input, and then visual samples with semantic properties can be generated from a marginal probability distribution. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm named Max-Boost-GAN, which is demonstrated to boost the generative ability of GANs when the error of generation is upper bounded. Moreover, the Max-Boost-GAN can be used to learn the generation functions from two marginal probability distributions as the input, and samples of higher visual quality and variety could be generated from the joint probability distribution. Finally, novel objective functions are proposed for obtaining convergence during training the Max-Boost-GAN. Experiments on the generation of binary digits and RGB human faces show that the Max-Boost-GAN achieves boosted ability of generation as expected.
v-Src Rescues Actin-based Cytoskeletal Architecture and Cell Motility and Induces Enhanced Anchorage Independence during Oncogenic Transformation of Focal Adhesion Kinase-null Fibroblasts*

The ability of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) to integrate signals from extracellular matrix and growth factor receptors requires the integrity of Tyr397, a major autophosphorylation site that mediates the Src homology 2-dependent binding of Src family kinases. However, the precise roles played by FAK in specific Srcinduced pathways, especially as they relate to oncogenic transformation, remain unclear. Here, we investigate the role of FAK in v-Src-induced oncogenic transformation by transducing temperature-sensitive v-Src (ts72v-Src) into p53-null FAK+/+ or FAK–/– mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF). At the permissive temperature (PT), ts72v-Src induced abundant tyrosine phosphorylation, morphological transformation and cytoskeletal rearrangement in FAK–/– MEF, including the restoration of cell polarity, typical focal adhesion complexes, and longitudinal F-actin stress fibers. v-Src rescued the haptotactic, linear directional, and invasive motility defects of FAK–/– cells to levels found in FAK+/+ or FAK+/+-[ts72v-Src] cells, and, in the case of monolayer wound healing motility, there was an enhancement. Src activation failed to increase the high basal tyrosine phosphorylation of the Crk-associated substrate, CAS, found in FAK–/– MEF, indicating that CAS phosphorylation alone is insufficient to induce motility in the absence of FAK- or v-Src-induced cytoskeletal remodeling. Compared with FAK+/+[ts72v-Src] controls, FAK–/–[ts72v-Src] clones exhibited 7–10-fold higher anchorage-independent proliferation that could not be attributed to variations in either v-Src protein level or stability. Re-expression of FAK diminished the colony-forming activities of FAK–/–[ts72v-Src] without altering ts72v-Src expression levels, suggesting that FAK attenuates Srcinduced anchorage independence. Our data also indicate that the enhanced Pyk2 level found in FAK–/– MEF plays no role in v-Src-induced anchorage independence. Overall, our data indicate that FAK, although dispensable, attenuates v-Src-induced oncogenic transformation by modulating distinct signaling and cytoskeletal pathways.
Distinct representations of subtraction and multiplication in the neural systems for numerosity and language

It has been proposed that recent cultural inventions such as symbolic arithmetic recycle evolutionary older neural mechanisms. A central assumption of this hypothesis is that the degree to which a preexisting mechanism is recycled depends on the degree of similarity between its initial function and the novel task. To test this assumption, we investigated whether the brain region involved in magnitude comparison in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), localized by a numerosity comparison task, is recruited to a greater degree by arithmetic problems that involve number comparison (single‐digit subtractions) than by problems that involve retrieving number facts from memory (single‐digit multiplications). Our results confirmed that subtractions are associated with greater activity in the IPS than multiplications, whereas multiplications elicit greater activity than subtractions in regions involved in verbal processing including the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) that were localized by a phonological processing task. Pattern analyses further indicated that the neural mechanisms more active for subtraction than multiplication in the IPS overlap with those involved in numerosity comparison and that the strength of this overlap predicts interindividual performance in the subtraction task. These findings provide novel evidence that elementary arithmetic relies on the cooption of evolutionary older neural circuits. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The bigger the better and the more the merrier ? Realistic office reverberation levels abolish cognitive distraction by multiple-voice speech

Background speech is consistently rated as the most objectionable noise in open-plan offices. There is ample evidence that acoustic variation in the speech is a key determinant of its disruption of cognitive performance. Theoretically, any means of attenuating sound variability such as increasing room reverberation should help counter the negative impact of irrelevant speech. To date, such benefits have been reported only with reverberation times uncharacteristic of office environments. Based on the observation that multiple voices are less disruptive than a single voice, we sought to test the joint impact of number of voices and reverberation on the disruptive effects of speech. The effects on a (visually-presented) shortterm serial recall task of adding realistic reverberation times (0.4 or 1 s) to irrelevant speech emanating from either 3 or 15 superimposed voices was compared to a quiet control condition. Disruption diminished with both an increase in number of voices and with increasing reverberation and disappeared in the 15-voice+long-reverberation condition, suggesting that realistic room reverberation levels may ameliorate the damaging effects of background speech in relatively large multiple-occupancy offices.
Family migration decision-making, step-migration and separation: children's experiences in European migrant worker families

Intra-European family migration has extended the realm in which families live and work in Europe. This paper joins a limited number of recent attempts to analyse family migration using a children-in-families approach [Bushin, N. 2009. Researching Family Migration Decision-Making: A Children-in-Families Approach. ” Population, Space and Place, 15: 429–443]. In contrast to existing studies on this theme, our focus is on children's migration decision-making, experiences of step-migration and experiences of separation from parents during processes of intra-European family migration. Little is known about children's views and experiences of step-migration and separation from their parent(s) during family migration. Such experiences have implications for the spatial and temporal construction of family and childhood in Europe, where transnational mobility is increasing. This paper discusses children's experiences of separation in two research contexts, Scotland and the Republic of Ireland, to illustrate common features of the phenomena. The paper analyses family relationships relevant to migration decisions and explains their effects on children's agency, as well as on family integrity itself.
Reliability of measurements made on scanned cast models using the 3 Shape R 700 scanner.

OBJECTIVES In dentistry, the latest technological advancements have been incorporated primarily into diagnostic tools such as virtual dental models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of measurements made on digital cast models scanned in the 3 Shape R 700 scanner (3 Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) that uses a non-destructive laser beam to reproduce model surfaces so that the plaster model is not destroyed. METHODS The sample consisted of 26 cast models, and 6 linear measurements were made on the cast models and compared with the same measurements on digital models. The measurements assessed were: (1) distance between mandibular canines; (2) distance between mandibular molars; (3) distance between canine and maxillary molar; (4) buccal-lingual diameter of maxillary central incisor; (5) distance between two points of the incisive papillae of maxillary and mandibular central incisors; and (6) distance between the buccal surface of the maxillary central incisor and the buccal surface of the mandibular antagonist (overjet). The Student's t-test or Wilcoxon test was used at 5% and the Lin's concordance test at 95% confidence interval. RESULTS The overjet measurement was the only one that showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). A high level of concordance was found for all measurements. CONCLUSIONS The digital models obtained from the 3 Shape R 700 scanner are reliable and can be considered an alternative to cast models for performing measurements and analyses in orthodontic practice.
Immunomodulatory and antioxidant protective effect of Sarcocornia perennis L. (swampfire) in lead intoxicated rat

Abstract Lead (Pb) is a very toxic metal present in the environment, causing disturbances of several functions. Preventive or curative effects of halophytic plants against these disorders may be a promising and safe therapeutic strategy. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate in vivo immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of Sarcocornia perennis extract (Sp) against lead toxicity in rats. Groups of six animals each were treated with plant extract (via food), 6 g/L lead acetate (via drinking water) or a combination of both. At the end of the three-week period, rat exposure to lead caused reduction of liver weight but an increase of that of kidney. Moreover, lead intoxication-induced oxidative stress manifested by significant increases of inflammatory cytokines (except IL-10) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS), compared with the control group. Meanwhile, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and glutathione levels (GSH), as well as antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were decreased. Considering liver and renal markers, lead treatment induced a significant increase in the activities of aminotransferases (AST, ALT), and in the levels of urea, creatinine and phosphorous, whereas total plasma protein, albumin and calcium levels were significantly decreased. S. perennis extract alone did not induce any significant changes in hepatic or renal markers, whereas the antioxidant markers were significantly increased. S. perennis supplementation significantly reduced the lead-induced elevation of serum IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and TBARS but increased the IL-10 and antioxidant enzyme activities. Overall, plant components ameliorated hepatorenal damages caused by lead.
On the Robustness of In- and Out-Components in a Temporal Network

Background Many networks exhibit time-dependent topologies, where an edge only exists during a certain period of time. The first measurements of such networks are very recent so that a profound theoretical understanding is still lacking. In this work, we focus on the propagation properties of infectious diseases in time-dependent networks. In particular, we analyze a dataset containing livestock trade movements. The corresponding networks are known to be a major route for the spread of animal diseases. In this context chronology is crucial. A disease can only spread if the temporal sequence of trade contacts forms a chain of causality. Therefore, the identification of relevant nodes under time-varying network topologies is of great interest for the implementation of counteractions. Methodology/Findings We find that a time-aggregated approach might fail to identify epidemiologically relevant nodes. Hence, we explore the adaptability of the concept of centrality of nodes to temporal networks using a data-driven approach on the example of animal trade. We utilize the size of the in- and out-component of nodes as centrality measures. Both measures are refined to gain full awareness of the time-dependent topology and finite infectious periods. We show that the size of the components exhibit strong temporal heterogeneities. In particular, we find that the size of the components is overestimated in time-aggregated networks. For disease control, however, a risk assessment independent of time and specific disease properties is usually favored. We therefore explore the disease parameter range, in which a time-independent identification of central nodes remains possible. Conclusions We find a ranking of nodes according to their component sizes reasonably stable for a wide range of infectious periods. Samples based on this ranking are robust enough against varying disease parameters and hence are promising tools for disease control.
An improved Ant Colony Algorithm based on dynamic weight of pheromone updating

To effectively overcome the defects of local and global pheromone updating for the basic Ant Colony Algorithm, this paper has proposed a new improved Ant Colony Algorithm based on the dynamic adaptive weight in the pheromone updating strategy. The proposed algorithm can update pheromone dynamically and adaptively according to the pheromone density and the quality of iteration-best solutions. By the simulation of several typical Traveling Salesman Problems(TSP), the proposed algorithm is clearly better than several other typically Ant Colony Algorithms in the solution quality and convergence speed. The simulation reflects its effectiveness and feasibility to some extent.
What Makes APIs Difficult to Use?

Summary Use of APIs is an inseparable part of software development today. But programmers often find difficulties in using those APIs in client code [27]. This reduces programmers' productivity as well as quality of the client code [30]. Therefore, APIs should be implemented to have high usability, and to this extent a good understanding of what makes APIs difficult to use demands the foremost importance. I reviewed existing literature in this area and identified significant factors that put barriers on usability of the APIs. In presenting the findings this paper makes two contributions: (1) The results would be useful for the API designers and developers to produce more usable APIs for the community, (2) The findings indicate further research scope in this area, which would be interesting to the researchers.
Rights or Containment? The politics of Aboriginal cultural heritage in Victoria

Abstract Aboriginal cultural heritage protection, and the legislative regimes that underpin it, constitute important mechanisms for Aboriginal people to assert their rights and responsibilities. This is especially so in Victoria, where legislation vests wide-ranging powers and control of cultural heritage with Aboriginal communities. However, the politics of cultural heritage, including its institutionalisation as a scientific body of knowledge within the state, can also result in a powerful limiting of Aboriginal rights and responsibilities. This paper examines the politics of cultural heritage through a case study of a small forest in north-west Victoria. Here, a dispute about logging has pivoted around differing conceptualisations of Aboriginal cultural heritage values and their management. Cultural heritage, in this case, is both a powerful tool for the assertion of Aboriginal rights and interests, but simultaneously a set of boundaries within which the state operates to limit and manage the challenge those assertions pose. The paper will argue that Aboriginal cultural heritage is a politically contested and shifting domain structured around Aboriginal law and politics, Australian statute and the legacy of colonial history.
The Cyrano Nose: A Clinical Review of Hemangiomas of the Nasal Tip

It is always difficult to establish one preferred management program for all patients with any lesion, but serious consideration must be given to "no-touch" management of cavernous or capillary-cavernous hemangiomas of the nasal tip. This requires frequent consultations with the parents to furnish psychological support. If extreme pressure from the parents makes surgery inevitable, the operation should be limited to the immediate confines of the nasal tip.
Trust and cooperation: a new experimental approach

Several theories within different disciplines emphasize the role of trust in fostering cooperation in human social life. Despite differences, the core of these notions of trust is affectively motivated loyalty, which makes the individuals feel mutually committed and willing to accept vulnerability because of positive expectations about each other's behavior. In evolutionary game theory and experimental economics, the notion of trust is much simpler: it is an expectation about another's behavior, a kind of wager, in which the sense of mutual commitment and vulnerability is completely absent. In order to extend the paradigm of trust games typical in those fields to explore the fuller sense of trust relationships, we have developed a new experimental design, in which an iterated prisoner dilemma is played by participants who do or do not hold a trusting personal relationship, while anonymity is preserved. We present here the results of our two pilot studies, which indicate the relevance of personal trust in fostering cooperation and suggest the influence of the structure of social networks on the degree of cooperation achieved.
EFFECTS OF HYDROXOCOBALAMIN AND HAEMOGLOBIN ON NO‐MEDIATED RELAXATIONS IN THE RAT ANOCOCCYGEUS MUSCLE

1. The effects of hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12a) on relaxations produced by nitric oxide (NO), some NO‐donating compounds and nitrergic nerve stimulation in isolated preparations of the rat anococcygeus muscle were compared with the effects of haemoglobin.
[Effect of the raloxifene versus combined hormonal therapy on the mammary density].

OBJECTIVE to compare in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia the effect of hydrochlorate of raloxifene versus hormone replacement therapy on the mammary density. METHOD a double blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 57 postmenopausal women older than 55 years with osteoporosis or osteopenia. Participants were randomly allocated in two groups: the intervention group (IG) received hydrochlorate of raloxifene and the control group (CG) received hormone replacement therapy during 6 months. A mammography to evaluate the change of the mammary density, according to the BIRADS criteria, was made before and after the treatment. RESULTS twenty-eight patients received hormone replacement therapy and 29 hydrochlorate of raloxifene. Eight (28.5 %) patients of the IG and one (3.0 %) of the CG showed an increased mammary density; whereas in none of IG patients and in four (13.7%) of the CG, the mammary density decreased (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS the hydrochlorate of raloxifene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia does not increase the mammary density.
Impact of sleep restriction versus idealized sleep on emotional experience, reactivity and regulation in healthy adolescents

Sleep loss is associated with affective disturbances and disorders; however, there is limited understanding of specific mechanisms underlying these links, especially in adolescence. The current study tested the effects of sleep restriction versus idealized sleep on adolescents’ emotional experience, reactivity and regulation (specifically cognitive reappraisal). Following 1 week of sleep monitoring, healthy adolescents (n = 42; ages 13–17 years) were randomized to 1 night of sleep restriction (4 h) or idealized sleep (9.5 h). The following day, adolescents provided self‐reports of affect and anxiety and completed a laboratory‐based task to assess: (1) emotional reactivity in response to positive, negative, and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS); and (2) ability to use cognitive reappraisal to decrease negative emotional responses. Large effects were observed for the adverse impact of sleep restriction on positive affect and anxiety as well as a medium‐sized effect for negative affect, compared to the idealized sleep condition. Subjective reactivity to positive and neutral images did not differ between the groups, but a moderate effect was detected for reactivity to negative images whereby sleep‐restricted teens reported greater reactivity. Across both sleep conditions, use of cognitive reappraisal down‐regulated negative emotion effectively; however, sleep restriction did not impact upon adolescents’ ability to use this strategy. These findings add to a growing body of literature demonstrating the deleterious effects of sleep restriction on aspects of emotion and highlight directions for future research in adolescents.