Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foliar and Soil Application of Potassium Nitrate Affects the Tolerance of Salinity and Canopy Growth of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne var Boulevard)

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of KNO3 application on perennial ryegrass salinity tolerance. Two NaCl levels (0 and 60 mM) factorially combined with four KNO3 (KN) levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 mM) as the treatments. The KN was applied either to the soil or foliarly sprayed. The results showed that in both experiments the increased salinity significantly reduced the vegetative characteristics of ryegrass. In the salinity treatment, supplying KN at 10 mM concentraion increased the fresh and dry weight as well leaf area, however, the growth of the plants was lower at the 0 and 15 mM concentration of KN. The concentration of N, NO3, P and K was reduced in the salinity treatments, but the concentration of Na and Cl was increased. Salinity (NaCl60) significantly reduced the K/Na ratio, while it was increased when the KN was increased in the solution. The concentration of Cl was significantly reduced when KN increased in the solution so that its concentration in NaCl60 and 0 mM KN was 75% in soil and 66.6% in foliar sprays treatment, respectively, higher than that in NaCl60 and 15 mM treatment. Combination of both salinity and KN concentration remarkably increased the proline content. The concentration of chlorophyll was reduced in NaCl60 treatment however; additional supplying of KN increased the chlorophyll concentration. In NaCl60 treatment, the highest survival plants were observed at 10 mM KN as either foliar or soil application. It seems that the reduced Cl concentration, increased proline and K/Na ratio were the main reason for the improved tolerance for salinity of the perennial ryegrass in the 10 mM KN concentration.
Investigating The Smart Phone Addictions Of Vocational School Students From Different Variables

Nowadays, smartphones are used by individuals of all ages for communication, messaging, online or offline gaming, social media browsing and information access. Smartphones, which are frequently used by students for any purpose, increase the level of smartphones dependency of the students and affect them negatively. The purpose of this study is to examine the smartphone dependency levels of vocational college students. Students' smartphone dependency levels are examined according to whether they have a social media account, their smartphone usage goals, smartphone usage times, gender, class degree and family income levels. The survey model was used to collect the research data. Participants of this study are students who are studied at different vocational colleges in Sakarya University at the academic year of 2017-2018. The personal information form created by the researcher to collect data and "Smart Phone Dependency Scale - Short Form" were used that adapted by Noyan et al (2015) to the Turkish language. According to the results, students who were participating in the survey were moderately smartphone addicts. And again as a result of the research, it was seen that female students were more addicted to smartphones than male students. Students in business and public relations programs were found that they were more addicted to smartphones than students in computer programming. In addition, students whose family income level is between 4001-7000 TL are more likely to be addicted to smartphones than students in other family income groups. Another result is that students who use more than 5 hours of telephone use are more addicted to other students and students who use the phone between 3 hours and 5 hours are more smartphone addicts than students who use telephone between 0-3 hours. According to another research result, it can be said that the students who have any social media accounts are more addicted to smartphones than those who do not have social media accounts. Students using the Instagram social media account were found to be more smartphone addicts than students using Facebook. Students' smartphone dependency does not differ significantly from the class levels that they study, smartphone renewal times, and the operating systems that they use on their phones.
Germination studies in Juncus acutus L. (Juncaceae), Schoenus nigricans L. (Cyperaceae) and Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) Moris (Chenopodiaceae) for salt-marshes restoration

E.Conesa, M.J. Vicente, J. Álvarez-Rogel, J.A. Franco and J.J. Martínez-Sánchez 1 Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain. 2 Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agraria. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain. * Corresponding author, to whom more information request should be addressed (e-mail: juan.martinez@upct.es). Additional keywords: germination recovery, halophytes, salinity, salt marshes, seed ecology
Effect of genotype on yield and chemical composition of sheep milk

The study was carried out on three groups of ewes: group 1 – Polish Mountain Sheep (PMS, n=30), group 2 – prolific Olkuska Sheep (OS, n= 30) and group 3 – F1 PMS × OS crossbreds (n=30). Ewes were aged 4-5 years, weighed 60±5 kg and were milked twice a day from April to the end of August. Individual milk yield was recorded at 10 days intervals and every 30th day bulk milk was sampled to determine its mean chemical composition. During the milking period (i.e. from weaning of lambs) the highest milk yield was achieved by prolific OS while the lowest by PMS ewes (47.1 and 27.1 litres, respectively). Crossbreds yielded on average 31.2 litres of milk, i.e. by 4.1 litres more than PMS ewes. In the milk from first sampling the highest protein content was found in PMS, followed by OS and F1 crossbred ewes.
Mastering style - Effects of explicit style-related information, art knowledge and affective state on appreciation of abstract paintings

Recently, Leder, Belke, Oeberst, and Augustin (2004) have proposed a model of aesthetic experience in which stylistic processing is central for aesthetic experiences of art. Here we present an empirical study which investigates predictions derived from the model. Using modern and contemporary abstract paintings we investigated how their appreciation is affected by style information generalized onto new exemplars of paintings by the same artists. In accordance with the model’s predictions, effects of style processing depend on the affective states of the viewers as well as their ability for cognitive mastery, measured by amount of expertise. The experiment reveals that the examination of style-related cognitive processes is important to psychologically understand the affective, cognitive and presumably selfrewarding aspects of aesthetic experiences.
An empirical three-dimensional crossover capacitance model for multilevel interconnect VLSI circuits

We develop an empirical model for the crossover capacitance induced by the wire crossings in VLSI with multilevel metal interconnects. The crossover capacitance, which is formed in any three adjacent layers and of a three-dimensional (3-D) nature, is derived in closed form as a function of the wire geometry parameters. The total capacitance on a wire passing many crossings can then be easily determined by combining the crossover capacitance with the two-dimensional (2-D) intralayer coupling capacitance defined on a same layer. The model agrees well with the numerical field solver (with a 6.7% root-mean-square error) and measurement data (with a maximum error of 4.17%) for wire width and spacing down to 0.16 /spl mu/m and wire thickness down to 0.15 /spl mu/m. The model is useful for VLSI design and process optimization.
Relationships among Career Thoughts, Career Interests, and Career Decision State

This study investigated the relationships among negative career thoughts, profile elevation and differentiation scores on the Self-Directed Search, and career decision state, including level of decidedness and satisfaction with choice. Participants were 226 undergraduate students enrolled in a career course. Measures included the Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI) for career thoughts, the Self-Directed Search (SDS) for profile elevation and differentiation, the Occupational Alternatives Question (OAQ) for career decidedness, and the Satisfaction with Choice item for level of satisfaction with career choice. A series of multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the amount of variance accounted for by negative career thoughts (i.e., decisionmaking confusion, commitment anxiety, and external conflict) in profile elevation, differentiation, career decidedness, and satisfaction with choice. Negative career thoughts were found to account for a significant amount of variance in profile elevation, career decidedness, and satisfaction with choice. Findings suggest the need to fully explore negative thinking that interferes with clients making effective career decisions.
Transported Mineral Dust Deposition Case Study at a Hydrologically Sensitive Mountain Site: Size and Composition Shifts in Ambient Aerosol and Snowpack

Transported mineral dust deposition to remote mountain snow decreases snow albedo and increases absorption of solar radiation, which accelerates snowpack melt and alters water supply. Mineralogy and chemical composition determine dust particle optical properties, which vary by source region. While impacts of dust deposition at remote mountain sites have been established, few studies have connected the chemical composition of ambient particles during deposition events with the properties of those deposited on the snowpack. Ambient particles and surface snow were sampled in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado, which frequently experiences dust deposition in the spring and has evidence of dustenhanced snow melt. Individual particles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The number concentration and size distribution of insoluble residues in the top level of snow were determined with nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). During a minor dust event (April 2-3, 2015), the fraction of absorbing iron-enriched dust in the ambient aerosol, the number concentration, and size of insoluble residues in snow all increased. This can be traced to shifts in mineral dust source region within the Colorado Plateau, during which, there were higher wind speeds leading to increased transport. The shift in chemical composition and mineralogy of the transported dust has the potential to impact snowpack radiative forcing during dry deposition. In addition, it can also modify the snowpack through scavenging of particles during wet deposition, as well as alter the properties of clouds and orographic precipitation. Understanding these impacts is crucial to understanding the hydrological cycle at remote mountain sites.
BEVERIDGE CURVE SHIFTS – EUROPE 2020 PERSPECTIVES

The present paper aligns to the economic policy body of research granting intensive efforts to the sphere of analysing the unemployment rate’s evolution as well as its primary drivers and effects in the context of the Europe 2020 strategy. Considering one of the agenda’s main targets – increasing employability among the European Union’s states, this paper analyses the areas funded by the European Social Fund as well as the country policy specifics in deriving the behaviour of the Beveridge curve associated with the EU-13 countries given the shift of European Union’s funds from old member states to newer ones. As such, the study employs the tools of Simultaneous Equations Systems and examines the impact of four categories of components on the Beveridge curve’s behaviour - structure of the unemployed, labour market and business environment factors as well as business cycles.
Effect of diary effluent on seed germination and pigment contents of Phaseolus trilobus ( Ait ) SELVI

With increasing industrial development the disposal of industrial effluent has become the more ecological challenge.The present investigation was carried out to screen the effect of dairy effluent on the germination and pigment contents of Phaseolus trilobus(Ait). The findings revealed a remarkable effect in germination with treated dairy effluent on morphological and biochemical changes of narepayeru(Phaseolus trilobus) var.Co-2 . The physico-chemical analysis of the diary effluent were analysed . It showed high alkalinity, BOD, COD values and more total dissolved salts. Effect of various treatments like 10,25,50,75 and 100 per cent of the effluent on seed germination and biochemical changes of Phaseolus trilobus seedlings. The results indicated that the lower concentrations, there was a significant increase in the seed germination and other growth parameters, but it decreased with increased above 25 per cent of effluent treatment. At lower concentrations it stimulated the germination, growth of root and shoot lengths and biochemical changes. Therefore it can be used as a liquid fertilizer.
Education for Growth: Why and for Whom?

This paper tries to reconcile evidence from the microeconometric and empirical macro growth literatures on the effect of schooling on income and GDP growth. Much microeconometric evidence suggest that education is an important causal determinant of income for individuals within countries. At a national level, however, recent studies have found that increases in educational attainment are unrelated to economic growth. This finding appears to be a spurious result of the extremely high rate of measurement error in first-differenced cross-country education data. After accounting for measurement error, the effect of changes in educational attainment on income growth in cross-country data is at least as great as microeconometric estimates of the rate of return to years of schooling. Another finding of the macro growth literature - that economic growth depends positively on the initial stock of human capital - is shown to result from imposing linearity and constant-coefficient assumptions on the estimates. These restrictions are often rejected by the data, and once either assumption is relaxed the initial level of education has little effect on economic growth for the average country.
Examining the Relationship Between the Poverty Rate and Economic
Conditions in the Southern United States

This article documents the historical trend of higher poverty rates in the South compared to the rest of the country. It examines any differences that might exist in how the poverty population in the country as a whole and the poverty population in the South respond to different economic and demographic factors. Economic factors, such as unemployment and wages, impact poverty populations similarly, in terms of sign and significance but have smaller impacts on poverty populations. After testing, it is shown that poverty populations in the South do not respond in similar fashions to the rest of the country regarding demographic factors, such as households headed by single females or non-whites.
Effect on mitochondrial gene of Parkin

The parkin plays an important part in the maintenance of the mitochondrial function. We studied whether the parkin increases mitochondrial DNA in cells and whether it is involved in the transcription of the mitochondrial gene. Parkin-GFP and BOBO-3 were co-localized in the cytoplasm in proliferating SH-SY5Y cells, indicating an increased amount of mitochondrial DNA. A northern blot study demonstrated that mitochondria-encoded mRNAs were markedly decreased by the siRNA. The present results suggest that parkin enhances the transcription and replication of mitochondrial DNA, leading to the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis.
Evaluation of 1211 Third Molars Positions According to the Classification of Winter, Pell & Gregory

Panoramic radiographs are important for the evaluation and classification of the third molars position, allowing the diagnosis and planning of extraction. The objective of this study is to evaluate upper and lower third molars positions in panoramic radiographs with the classification methods proposed by Pell and Gregory (1933) and Winter (1926) and the subsequent comparison of results with other authors. Panoramic radiographs of 310 patients were analyzed, 197 female and 113 male, totaling 1,211 third molars. In relation to the upper third molars, the most prevalent positions were: angle compared to the long axis of the second molar of Distoangular form (53.23 %) and the depth of impaction as Class C (48.25 %). In the lower third molars, the most prevalent positions were: angle to the long axis of the second molar in Mesioangular classification (52.96 %), the depth of impaction was B (46.54 %) and the tooth relationship with the mandibular ramus was identified as class I (55.26 %). These results provide information that can be utilized in predicting third molar development in terms of impaction or eruption, assisting dental surgeons in making decisions regarding surgical planning and treatment.
The Impact of Trade Liberalization on the Aggregate Financial Performance of Firms

This research paper theoretically and empirically investigates the role of resource, market share and profit reallocations in explaining the impact of trade liberalization on the aggregate performance of firms. A theoretical model, which is largely based on the model by Melitz (2003) and incorporates firm heterogeneity in the total factor productivity parameter, argues that the financial performance of firms can be used as an accurate proxy for productivity. The theoretical results suggest a positive impact of trade liberalization on the sector-wide aggregate financial performance of all firms active in an industry, but an insignificant impact of trade liberalization on the average performance of exporters. The empirical analysis, employing firm level data on 27 Eastern European and Central Asian countries over the period 2002-2009, confirms the theoretical predictions. In particular, it is shown that, independent of the different dependent variables used and the econometric estimation procedures followed, trade liberalization has a significantly positive impact on the sector-wide average financial performance of firms. Additionally, it is proven that among exporters, trade liberalization does not have a significant impact on aggregate performance
Effect of exhaustive cropping on potassium depletion and clay mineral transformations

Identification of various clay minerals and their changes in the clay fraction of soil samples of 3 types of Indian soils before and after depletion of K by exhaustive cropping by growing Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare) was done on the basis of strongest XRD peaks from basal planes. Sudan grass was grown in clay pots containing 5 kg of three types of soils from India and potassium was applied at the rate of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg /kg before starting the experiment and after each of the first three cuttings. Seven cutting of Sudan grass were taken over a period totalling 280 days, each time the forage was grown for 486 weeks. It has been observed that, permanent removal of K from Illite8dominating soils leads to the degradation of Illite with its transformation to expandable or non8expandable minerals and decrease in Illite content was high in Vertisol (46%), medium in Alfisol (33%) and low in Inceptisol (14%) . There was a decrease in intensity of peak at 10 Ǻ resulting in degradation of illite due to permanent removal of potassium ions by plants from inter8layers of clay lattice. This proved the formation of vermiculite, chlorite and smectite.
Antifungal activity and biocontrol potential of metabolite produced by an endophytic Fusarium (MTCC-9622) against some postharvest pathogens.

Biocontrol potential of metabolite produced by an endophytic Fusarium, isolated from Taxus baccata bark was investigated against some postharvest pathogens of vegetables. In-vitro antifungal activity and effective control analysis of the metabolite against the pathogens indicated that the metabolite effectively inhibit postharvest pathogens and reduced the disease incidence by 50%. The metabolite showed significant antifungal fungal activity against three postharvest pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer). Based on morphological and molecular characterization, the fungus was identified as Fusarium solani. The crude metabolite was separated into two fractions by column chromatography over silica gel (60-120mesh) using a mixture of petroleum ether (40-60C) and ethyl acetate (20:1) as the eluent. The active compound was characterized on the basis of its spectral data obtained from GC/MS analysis. On the basis of spectral data, all the major compounds were identified to be hydrocarbons. The present investigation is a first report of an endophytic Fusarium producing hydrocarbons metabolite active against postharvest pathogens. The study revealed that endophytic fungi could be potentially applied as biological control agents and in biocontrol postharvest technology.
Brand-Related eWOM and Its Effects on Purchase Decisions: An Empirical Study of University of Botswana Students

This research investigates the extent to which University of Botswana students engage in brand-related eWOM via social media and the effects this could be having on their purchase decisions. A survey method involving a structured questionnaire administered to a convenience sample of 300 students at the main campus of the University of Botswana was used. Unexpectedly the results of the present study indicate that the level of engagement in brand-related eWOM by University of Botswana students is relatively low. The results also indicate that engagement in brand-related eWOM generally and opinion seeking behavior in particular positively and significantly influences purchase decisions. This finding is consistent with previous studies which show that consumers consider word-of-mouth to be a credible source of information about products and brands. This study concludes that marketing practitioners in Botswana should both promote brand-related eWOM among university students and incorporate it in their marketing tools.
How Learners Participate in Connectivist Learning: An Analysis of the Interaction Traces From a cMOOC

In this research paper, the authors analyse the collected data output during a 36 week cMOOC. Six-week data streams from blogs, Twitter, a Facebook group, and video conferences were tracked from the daily newsletter and the MOOCs’ hashtag (#Change 11). This data was analysed using content analysis and social network analysis within an interpretative research paradigm. The content analysis was used to examine the technology learners used to support their learning while the social network analysis focused on the participant in different spaces and their participation patterns in connectivist learning. The findings from this research include: 1) A variety of technologies were used by learners to support their learning in this course; 2) Four types of participation patterns were reveled, including unconnected floaters, connected lurkers, connected participants, and active contributors. The participation of learners displays the participation inequality typical of social media, but the ratio of active contributors is much higher than xMOOCs; 3) There were five basic structures of social networks formed in the learning; and 4) The interaction around topics and topic generation supports the idea of learning as network creation after the analysis of participation patterns that are based on some deep interactive topic. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the behaviors of learners in a cMOOC in an open and distributed online environment, so that future MOOCs designers and facilitators can understand, design and facilitate more effective MOOCs for learners.