Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jet multiplicity in the proto-binary system NGC 1333-IRAS4A - The detailed CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI view

Context. Owing to the paucity of sub-arcsecond (sub)mm observations required to probe the innermost regions of newly forming protostars, several fundamental questions are still being debated, such as the existence and coevality of close multiple systems. Aims. We study the physical and chemical properties of the jets and protostellar sources in the NGC 1333-IRAS4A proto-binary system using continuum emission and molecular tracers of shocked gas. Methods. We observed NGC 1333-IRAS4A in the SiO(6−5), SO(65−54), and CO(2−1) lines and the continuum emission at 1.3, 1.4, and 3 mm using the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer in the framework of the CALYPSO large program. Results. We clearly disentangle for the first time the outflow emission from the two sources A1 and A2. The two protostellar jets have very different properties: the A1 jet is faster, has a short dynamical timescale (≲103 yr), and is associated with H2 shocked emission, whereas the A2 jet, which dominates the large-scale emission, is associated with diffuse emission, bends, and emits at slower velocities. The observed bending of the A2 jet is consistent with the change of propagation direction observed at large scale and suggests jet precession on very short timescales (~200−600 yr). In addition, a chemically rich spectrum with emission from several complex organic molecules (e.g. HCOOH, CH3OCHO, CH3OCH3) is only detected towards A2. Finally, very high-velocity shocked emission (~50 km s-1) is observed along the A1 jet. An LTE analysis shows that SiO, SO, and H2CO abundances in the gas phase are enhanced up to (3−4)×10-7, (1.4−1.7)×10-6, and (3−7.9)×10-7, respectively. Conclusions. The intrinsic different properties of the jets and driving sources in NGC 1333-IRAS4A suggest different evolutionary stages for the two protostars, with A1 being younger than A2, in a very early stage of star formation previous to the hot-corino phase.
Drivers of customers' cross‐buying intentions

Why do some customers cross‐buy different services from the same provider while others are less disposed to do so? The present research examines the drivers of the customers’ cross‐buying intentions for services. Cross‐buying refers to the customer's practice of buying additional products and services from the existing service provider in addition to the ones s/he currently has. The results obtained from two samples of service consumers indicate that the customers’ cross‐buying intentions are primarily associated with image conflicts about the provider's abilities to deliver high‐quality services from different service activities, and the perceived convenience of cross‐buying from the same provider. Customers’ experiences with the service provider have a weaker or marginal effect on cross‐buying.
Are acquisitions a poison pill for innovation

Executive Overview The recent wave of acquisition activity may be damaging the innovative capabilities of American firms, thus making them less competitive in the global marketplace. In fact, acquisitions often serve as a substitute for innovation, which may cause further neglect of internal research and development (R&D) programs. Additionally, acquisitions often lead to increases in leverage, diversification, and absorb significant amounts of executive time, which may lead to reduced managerial commitment to innovation. In this article, evidence is presented suggesting that acquisition activity may result in reductions in R&D inputs and outputs. On average, the 191 firms in the sample reduced their allocations to R&D relative to their competitors following acquisitions. Furthermore, the firms also experienced reductions in the number of patents. Implications from this evidence are offered for executives and acquisition strategies. Specifically, based on our results, we propose that firms can compensate .
Visualizing Learning Management System data using Context-Relevant Self-Organizing Map

In the last few years, many form of Learning Management Systems (LMS) have been introduced in many educational institutions with the main objective of obtaining meaningful information from the accumulated learning data to be then utilized for increasing the quality of the educations in those institutions. One of the most popular techniques for extracting information is by visualizing the high dimensional data that characterize the information. In this study, we propose to utilize Context-Relevant Self Organizing Map, a unique visualization algorithm that preserves not only the topographical characteristics of high dimensional data but also their context, for visualizing LMS data. Our preliminary experiments with real world LMS data show that the Context-Relevant Self-Organizing map is able to provide visual information which cannot be provided by the conventional Self-Organizing Map.
Gender differences in alcohol demand: a systematic review of the role of prices and taxes.

Gender differences in drinking patterns are potentially important for public policies, especially policies that rely extensively on higher alcohol taxes and prices. This paper presents a systematic review of alcohol prices and gender differences in drinking and heavy drinking by adults and young adults. Starting with a database of 578 studies of alcohol demand and other outcomes, 15 studies are reviewed of adult drinking including discussion of samples, measurement issues, econometric models, special variables, and key empirical results. A similar discussion is presented for eight studies of drinking by young adults, ages 18-26 years. Four conclusions are obtained from the review. First, adult men have less elastic demands compared with women. Second, there is little or no price response by heavy-drinking adults, regardless of gender. Third, although the sample is small, price might be important for drinking participation by young adults. Fourth, the results strongly suggest that heavy drinking by young adults, regardless of gender, is not easily dissuaded by higher prices. Policy implications, primary study limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Determinants of Environmental Disclosure Practices of Us Resource Companies Hard Copy versus Internet Reporting

Environmental issues have emerged as a prominent social issue of the 1990’s and in the beginning of the 21st Century. In more recent times, electronic dissemination of information online is also becoming commonplace for larger as well as smaller corporations. This study examines the determinants of voluntary environmental disclosures (VED) over the internet versus hard-copy reports of a sample of resource companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange over the 2000, 2004 and 2008 fiscal years. These resource companies were chosen on the basis of their operations having a potential impact on the environment. The aim of this study is to note any changing motivations driving the disclosure of VED information in hard copy and internet reports. The results of this study indicate that US resource companies favour the Internet over hard copy annual and sustainability reports for dissemination of environmental information. Size significantly predicted the level of environmental disclosure in hard copy reports in all of the 3 years examined whilst Size and Economic Performance had also consistently and significantly predicted the level of environmental disclosures on the Internet in all of the 3 periods examined. T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e s t ud y i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e mo t i v a t i o n s d r i v i n g t he c h o i c e o f me d i u m f o r V E D d i s c l o s u r e s ha s n ’ t c h a ng e d i n t h e l a s t 8 y e a r s . Wh a t i s p e r h a p s p u z z l i n g i s t he conservative levels of disclosures of VED information overall. The political visibility of organizations and factors that go beyond stakeholder theory such as the technological knowhow of the management may possible reasons for the observed VED levels. This study throws more light into the motivations of US companies in choosing hard copy reports and/or the Internet for disclosure of environmental information.
Delayed-onset peripheral blood cytopenia after rituximab: Frequency and risk factor assessment in a consecutive series of 77 treatments

The occurrence of unexplained peripheral blood cytopenia, particularly neutropenia, has been recently reported after rituximab. Its prevalence may be underestimated since it may occur late after treatment. This study analysed all cases of unexplained delayed-onset peripheral blood cytopenia of WHO grade II – IV occurring in an unselected series of patients treated with rituximab in order to evaluate its prevalence and clinical significance. Seventy-seven courses of rituximab (corresponding to 317 rituximab infusions) given to 72 consecutive patients affected by non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and treated at a single Center with rituximab, alone (nine cases), associated with chemotherapy (50) or with chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (18) were evaluated. Twenty-three cases of cytopenia (29.8%) were observed. Neutropenia developed in 21 cases (27.3%), thrombocytopenia in eight (10.4%), anemia in four (5.2%). Multiple cytopenias were observed in nine cases. Neutropenia developed after a median of 10 weeks, anemia of 5 weeks and thrombocytopenia of 4 weeks after the last rituximab dose. Severe infections occurred in four of 21 neutropenic patients (19%), compared to two of 56 controls (3.6%) (p = 0.043). Cytopenia eventually resolved in nine of 18 evaluable cases after a median of 10 weeks (range 1 – 23). Age, sex, histology, bone marrow infiltration, hypogammaglobulinemia, previous chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplant, rituximab schedule and timing, rituximab doses were analysed as predictors for cytopenia; by multivariate analysis only a previous treatment with chemotherapy and more than four rituximab doses were significantly associated with a higher risk of post-rituximab delayed cytopenia. Delayed-onset cytopenia, particularly neutropenia, is a clinically significant complication of rituximab treatment, which merits further investigation.
EVALUATING ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS OF CREATIVE TELEVISION ADVERTISEMENTS FOR HIGH INVOLVEMENT PRODUCTS

This study investigates advertising effectiveness of creative TV advertisements (Ads) for high involvement products. The majority of such studies have been conducted using low involvement products. There is a need to conduct a research to find out the effectiveness of creative advertisements for high involvement products.This study will fill this knowledge gap. This study aimed at measuring the impact of creativity in Ads on Attitude toward Advertisement,Unaided Recall and Purchase intention. It involved 94 university students in an experimental research. Paired sample t-test was used for evaluating creative and control Ads . Data analysis reveals that creative Ads are better than control Ads in generating favorable attitude toward ad and high Ad recall but equally ineffective in persuading customers to buy. Binary logistic regression showed small role of creativity in causing high Ad recall while multiple regression analysis confirmed the supremacy of creative Ads for forming a favorable attitude toward Ad.
THE AGE AND SIZE OF THE FIRM AS RELEVANT PREDICTORS FOR BANKRUPTCY

This study analyses the potential of the age and the size of the firm for the purpose of bankruptcy prediction. Using a data base consisting of Austrian bankrupt and non-bankrupt companies for the period between 2000 and 2011 differences and similarities for these variables are analysed and some conclusions for the suitability as predictors for bankruptcies are reported.
Consumer co‐creation and new product development: a case study in the food industry

Purpose – The ever changing needs of customers require companies to speed up the new product development process. Thus, the web and social media enable companies to interact and to share knowledge with customers, and to cocreate new products with them. The purpose of this study is to analyze the innovation outputs companies can achieve by involving customers at the “fuzzy front end” of the new product development (NPD) process.Design/methodology/approach – A case study method has been adopted because the phenomenon under investigation is new, it is hard to find similar researches, and the study attempts to increase researchers’ understanding of such phenomenon. The case study method has enabled the exploration of the strategies used and the results achieved by an international food company, which has involved ordinary customers at early stages of its NPD process, namely at the idea generation and screening stages.Findings – The case study shows that customers freely provide valuable, original, new, and fe.
Crystal structures of designed armadillo repeat proteins: Implications of construct design and crystallization conditions on overall structure

Designed armadillo repeat proteins (dArmRP) are promising modular proteins for the engineering of binding molecules that recognize extended polypeptide chains. We determined the structure of a dArmRP containing five internal repeats and 3rd generation capping repeats in three different states by X‐ray crystallography: without N‐terminal His6‐tag and in the presence of calcium (YM5A/Ca2+), without N‐terminal His6‐tag and in the absence of calcium (YM5A), and with N‐terminal His6‐tag and in the presence of calcium (His‐YM5A/Ca2+). All structures show different quaternary structures and superhelical parameters. His‐YM5A/Ca2+ forms a crystallographic dimer, which is bridged by the His6‐tag, YM5A/Ca2+ forms a domain‐swapped tetramer, and only in the absence of calcium and the His6‐tag, YM5A forms a monomer. The changes of superhelical parameters are a consequence of calcium binding, because calcium ions interact with negatively charged residues, which can also participate in the modulation of helix dipole moments between adjacent repeats. These observations are important for further optimizations of dArmRPs and provide a general illustration of how construct design and crystallization conditions can influence the exact structure of the investigated protein.
Alternative splicing of KCNQ2 potassium channel transcripts contributes to the functional diversity of M‐currents

1 The region of alternative splicing in the KCNQ2 potassium channel gene was determined by RNase protection analysis of KCNQ2 mRNA transcripts. 2 Systematic analysis of KCNQ2 alternative splice variant expression in rat superior cervical ganglia revealed multiple variant isoforms. 3 One class of KCNQ2 splice variants, those that contained exon 15a, was found to have significantly different kinetics to those of the other isoforms. These transcripts encoded channel subunits that, when co‐expressed with the KCNQ3 subunit, activated and deactivated approximately 2.5 times more slowly than other isoforms. Deletion of exon 15a in these isoforms produced a reversion to the faster kinetics. 4 Comparison of the kinetic properties of the cloned channel splice variants with those of the native M‐current suggests that alternative splicing of the KCNQ2 gene may contribute to the variation in M‐current kinetics seen in vivo.
Why Do Firms Produce Erroneous IFRS Financial Statements?

Given voiced concerns with the alleged complexity of IFRS, this paper investigates determinants of material errors in IFRS financial statements. For a matched sample of firms censured by the German DPR/BaFin enforcement mechanism for producing erroneous IFRS financial statements, we investigate the role of intentional and unintentional factors determining the likelihood of errors. In line with the previous literature, we find that the presence of opportunistic motives is conducive to erroneous accounting, while governance quality decreases the likelihood that firms prepare compliant financial statements. However, we find no evidence that other unintentional factors pertaining to financial reporting expertise, firm complexity, and financial accounting resources, impair IFRS reporting quality. These findings are robust for a broad variety of specifications and measures. The results of this paper are important for regulators and standard setters, as they suggest that low quality of IFRS financial statements cannot be attributed to firms being unable to cope with new and complex standards.
Effects of Current Time-Delayed Feedback on the Dynamics of a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor

We investigate how the dynamics of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) depends on current time-delayed feedback, in which the delay time is both fixed and varying in time. We choose model parameters for which the PMSM displays, in the absence of feedback, chaotic oscillations. The stable operation islands of the PMSM are first investigated in the parameter space of feedback gain and delay time. Then, detailed regimes of motion can be explored by bifurcation diagrams. It is found that the dynamic delay time feedback can obtain stabilization of unstable steady states over a much larger domain of parameters in comparison with the static delay time feedback. The mechanism behind the action of current time-delayed feedback is also addressed. This brief may provide a useful tip for maintaining the security operation of electromechanical systems.
Evaluation of a deep-water wave breaking criterion

An experimental and numerical study is presented to investigate the breaking criterion of Song and Banner [J. Phys. Oceanogr. 32, 2541 (2002)] who suggested a threshold range of (1.4±0.1)×10−3 for a predictive wave breaking parameter, measuring the rate of change in the local energy maximum and the local wave number, to differentiate between wave trains that lead to breaking and those that do not. To examine the breaking criterion experimentally, four separate wave groups of progressive surface gravity waves with slowly decreasing frequency are generated mechanically in a two-dimensional wave tank. Surface elevations as a function of time are measured using capacitance wave probes; surface elevations as a function of space prior to and during breaking are obtained by recording subregions with an imaging system and combining the measurements from repeated experiments. In addition, nonlinear numerical solutions for the surface elevation profiles for the four wave groups are obtained by solving a set of nonl.
The Effects of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Firms Dividend Payout Policy in Nigeria

This article investigates the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and the dividend payout policies of firms in Nigeria. To achieve the objectives of this study, a total of 50 listed firms were selected and analyzed for the study using the judgmental sampling technique. Also, the annual reports for the period 2006-2011 were used for the study. The paper was basically modeled to examine the effects of board size, ownership structure, CEO duality and board independence on the dividend payout decisions of firms operating in Nigeria using the regression analysis method. Findings from the study revealed that board size, ownership structure, CEO duality and board independence had a significant positive effect on the dividend payout decisions of the sampled firms. The study therefore concludes that greater proportion of independent directors in a firm provides a positive influence on firms’ dividend payout decisions with a view to reduce the free cash flow.
Multimodal CARS microscopy determination of the impact of diet on macrophage infiltration and lipid accumulation on plaque formation in ApoE-deficient mice[S]

We characterized several cellular and structural features of early stage Type II/III atherosclerotic plaques in an established model of atherosclerosis—the ApoE-deficient mouse—by using a multimodal, coregistered imaging system that integrates three nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) contrast mechanisms: coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), second harmonic generation (SHG), and two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF). Specifically, the infiltration of lipid-rich macrophages and the structural organization of collagen and elastin fibers were visualized by CARS, SHG, and TPEF, respectively, in thick tissue specimens without the use of exogenous labels or dyes. Label-free CARS imaging of macrophage accumulation was confirmed by histopathology using CD68 staining. A high-fat, high-cholesterol Western diet resulted in an approximate 2-fold increase in intimal plaque area, defined by CARS signals of lipid-rich macrophages. Additionally, analysis of collagen distribution within lipid-rich plaque regions revealed nearly a 4-fold decrease in the Western diet–fed mice, suggesting NLOM sensitivity to increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and decreased smooth muscle cell (SMC) accumulation. These imaging results provide significant insight into the structure and composition of early stage Type II/III plaque during formation and allow for quantitative measurements of the impact of diet and other factors on critical plaque and arterial wall features.
Experiments and simulations of tunnel-ionized plasmas.

The tunneling-ionization model predicts that fully ionized plasmas with controllable perpendicular ({ital T}{sub {perpendicular}}) and negligible longitudinal temperature ({ital T}{sub {parallel}}) can be produced. The validity of these predictions has been studied through experiments and supporting theory and simulations. Emission of odd harmonics of the laser frequency, indicative of a stepwise ionization process, has been observed. X-ray measurements show that the plasma temperature is higher for a circularly polarized laser-produced plasma compared to when linear polarization is used. Analytically we find that the growth of the stimulated Raman (SRS) and Compton scattering (SCS) instabilities are suppressed during the ionization phase. A higher {ital T}{sub {parallel}} than expected from the single-particle-tunneling model was observed after the ionization phase through SCS fluctuation spectra. The maximum achievable plasma density is found to be limited by ionization induced refraction. One-dimensional (1D) simulations show that, after the ionization phase, the initial {ital T}{sub {parallel}} is low as expected from the single particle model and SRS density fluctuations grow to large values. In 2D simulations, however, {ital T}{sub {parallel}} at the end of the ionization phase is already much higher and only SCS is seen to grow. The simulations indicate that stochastic heating and the Weibelmore » instability play an important role in plasma heating in all directions and in making the plasma isotropic. Two-dimensional simulations also confirm that refraction plays a crucial role in determining the maximum electron density that can be obtained in such plasmas. « less