Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Needlestick Injury among Medical Students in an Australian University

Needlestick Injuries (NSI) commonly occurs in the hospital setting. Medical students are at risk of NSI due to lack of clinical experience. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and knowledge, attitudes, awareness and practices of NSI among medical students at an Australian university. We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire on NSI-related knowledge, attitude, awareness, practice, incidents and follow up. The survey was distributed to clinical students (years 3-6) of a 6-year medical program in Australia. Data were analysed with descriptive and bivariate analyses (IBM SPSS v.22; alpha 0.05). Response rate to the study was 13.8% (153/1111). Students’ median score for knowledge was 3 out of maximum 6; attitude 3/4; awareness 4/6 and practice 1/2. Twenty-five students sustained a total of 28 NSI events in the past 12 months (proportion 16.6%, 95% confidence interval 10.9%-22.4%; incidence density 1.5/100 person-month); 13/25 did not report their NSI. Students in higher year of study were associated with higher rate of NSI (p = 0.02). Clinical and medical schools must address poor NSI-related knowledge, improve attitudes to reporting and provide instructions on safe handling of sharps. Surveillance of NSI specifically for medical students will provide important information to minimise harm.
Dynamic response of a beam on a Pasternak foundation and under a moving load

The dynamic response of an infinite beam placed on a Pasternak foundation when the system was subjected to a moving load was investigated. We used the double Fourier transform and its inversion to solve the formulations of the problem. A closed form analytic solution of the beam was obtained by the theorem of residues. We selected a numerical example to illustrate the dynamic response of the beam on Pasternak and Winkler foundations, respectively. We discuss the effect of the moving load velocity on the dynamic displacement response of the beam. The maximum deflection of the beam increases slightly with increased load velocity but increases significantly with reduced shear modulus of subgrade at a given velocity. The maximum deflection of a beam resting on a Pasternak foundation is much smaller than that of a beam on a Winkler foundation.
Locus of Control and Job Search Strategies

Abstract Standard job search theory assumes that unemployed individuals have perfect information about the effect of their search effort on the job offer arrival rate. We present an alternative model that assumes that each individual has a subjective belief about the impact of her search effort on the job arrival. These beliefs depend in part on an individual's locus of control. We estimate the impact of locus of control on job search behavior using a data set of newly unemployed individuals in Germany. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find evidence that individuals with an internal locus of control search more and that individuals who believe that their future outcomes are determined by external factors have lower reservation wages.
Detecting a Gender-Related DIF Using Logistic Regression and Transformed Item Difficulty

Test items are designed to provide information about the examinees. Difficult items are designed to be more demanding and easy items are less so. However, sometimes, test items carry with their demands other than those intended by the test developer (Scheuneman & Gerritz, 1990). When personal attributes such as gender systematically affect examinee performance on an item, the result can be DIF (differential item functioning). The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in performance on multiple-choice mathematical ability test, designed to match six grade curriculums. The LR (logistic regression) method and transformed item difficulty were used to detect a gender related DIF. A random sample of 800 tenth grade students was selected. DIF analysis indicated that: (1) Females showed a statistically significant and consistent advantage over males on numerical ability, whereas men showed a consistent advantage over females on spatial ability and deductive ability; (2) The percentage of agreement between the two approaches in detecting DIF is relatively low; and (3) Gender differences in mathematics may well be linked to content.
Compaction and Collapse Characteristics of Dune Sand Stabilized with Lime-Silica Fume Mix

The purpose of this research is to assess the suitability of dune sands as construction materials. Moreover, such a goal is considered beneficial in determining appropriate methods for soil stabilization or ground improvement and to assessing the suitability of dune sands as subgrade layer for carrying roads and rail foundation. Dune sand samples were collected from a region in Baiji area in Salah-Aldeen governorate, North of Iraq. A grey-colored densified silica fume (SF) and lime (L) are used. Three percentages are used for lime (3%, 6%, and 9%), and four rates are used for silica fume (3%, 6%, 9% and 12%) and the maximum percentage of silica fume is mixed with the proportions of lime. Unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) on compacted dune sands treated dune sands with L-SF by mixing and cured for one day. The increasing in CBR ranged between 443 – 707% at 2.54 mm penetration and 345 – 410% at 5.08 mm penetration. ResumenEl proposito de esta investigacion es evaluar el uso de arena de dunas como materiales de construccion. Ademas, este objetivo permite determinar los metodos apropiados para la estabilizacion del suelo, el mejoramiento del terreno y la evaluacion de pertinencia de la arena de dunas en capas subbase para carreteras y cimientos ferreos. Se recolectaron muestras de arena de dunas en el area de Baiji, del comisionado Salah-Aldeen, al norte de Irak. Se utilizo vapor de oxido de silicio (SF, en ingles), grisaceo y densificado, y oxido de calcio (L). Se utilizaron tres porcentajes para el oxido de calcio (3 %, 6 % y 9 %), y cuatro para el oxido de silicio (3 %, 6 %, 9% y 12%) y el maximo porcentaje del oxido de silicio se mezclo con las proporciones de oxido de calcio. Se realizo en seco el Ensayo de Relacion de Soporte de California (del ingles California Bearing Ratio, CBR) en arena de dunas compactada y tratada con la mezcla L-SF curada durante un dia. El incremento en el ensayo CBR oscilo entre 443-707 % en la penetracion de 2.5 mm y 345-410 % en la penetracion de 5.08 mm.
Vertical wavenumber spectra of three-dimensional winds revealed by radiosonde observations at midlatitude

Abstract. By applying 12-year (1998–2009) radiosonde data over a midlatitude station, we studied the vertical wavenumber spectra of three-dimensional wind fluctuations. The horizontal wind spectra in the lower stratosphere coincide well with the well-known universal spectra , with mean spectral slopes of −2.91 ± 0.09 and −2.99 ± 0.09 for the zonal and meridional wind spectra, respectively, while the mean slopes in the troposphere are −2.64 ± 0.07 and −2.70 ± 0.06, respectively, which are systematically less negative than the canonical slope of −3. In both the troposphere and lower stratosphere, the spectral amplitudes (slopes) of the horizontal wind spectra are larger (less negative) in winter, and they are larger (less negative) in the troposphere than in the lower stratosphere. Moreover, we present the first statistical results of vertical wind fluctuation spectra, which revealed a very shallow spectral structure, with mean slopes of −0.58 ± 0.06 and −0.23 ± 0.05 in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, respectively. Such a shallow vertical wind fluctuation spectrum is considerably robust. Different from the horizontal wind spectrum, the slopes of the vertical wind spectra in both the troposphere and lower stratosphere are less negative in summer. The height variation of vertical wind spectrum amplitude is also different from that of the horizontal wind spectrum, with a larger amplitude in the lower stratosphere. These evident differences between the horizontal and vertical wind spectra strongly suggest they should obey different spectral laws. Quantitative comparisons with various theoretical models show that no existing spectral theories can comprehensively explain the observed three-dimensional wind spectra, indicating that the spectral features of atmospheric fluctuations are far from fully understood.
Geophysical and Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Odolomi Dumpsite in Supare-Akoko, Southwestern Nigeria.

Studies have shown that urban and rural waste management has been a serious problem in Nigeria. This work aims at investigating the effect of waste dumps on the groundwater in Odolomi area of Supare Akoko, south-western Nigeria using resistivity sounding method (dipole-dipole) and laboratory water sample analysis. Ten (10) hand-dug well water samples and one (1) spring water sample which serves as a control were collected in the study area and analyzed for hydrogeochemical and microbial characteristics to know their quality and usability. The result of the analysis shows that elements like K, Na, Ca, and Pb are found in excess in the groundwater of the study area and more so, there is presence of micro-organisms like Enterococci, Coliform in the study area. The result of the analysis was then compared to the WHO (2010) standard for drinking water and it is evident that the groundwater is contaminated. The geophysical investigation shows that the area is highly conductive which implies that the water in the area is susceptible to contaminations.
Young People's Attitudes on Art Infusion Advertising on Social Media: Focus Groups with Chinese Students

In China, advertisements posted by online influencers on social media platforms have become a new trend of marketing. Through the lenses of art-infusion theory and the entertainment overcoming resistance model, this study focuses on a specific advertisement posted by an Chinese online influencer and explores whether this advertisement appeals to Chinese young people and why. Five focus group sessions were conducted with 29 Asian college students to explore the impact of artwork in advertising on participants’ attitudes toward the ad and the advertised product. The results showed that 1) participants’ attitudes toward the ad were affected by the presence of artwork, and 2) entertainment features such as narrative structure and liking of the author contributed to overcoming resistance to advertising. The findings of the study suggest practical implications for advertising professionals as well as art promoters. Young Peoples' Attitudes on Art Infusion Advertising on Social Media: Focus Groups with Chinese Students
The Synergistic Effect of Temperature and Hormonal Stimulation on Spawning Efficiency of Common Barbel

Artificial reproduction of common barbel (Barbus barbus) under controlled conditions usually did not exceed 10% of ovulation success. The aim of the study was to optimise the process of artificial reproduction of the barbel (cultured generation F4) with thermal and hormonal stimulation The first experiment examined the effect of stimulation with thermal conditions on the ovulation and the embryos survival rates. After the optimum conditions of thermal stimulation in barbel reproduction were determined, another experiment was conducted which examined how the effectiveness of reproduction is affected by four selected hormonal preparations (CPH, hCG, Ovaprim and Ovopel). Thermal stimulation for 58 days was found to be the most effective (748 degree-days). The second experiment examined the synergistic effects of different hormonal preparations under the optimal thermal conditions as, determined in the first experiment. Among the hormones evaluated as part of this study, CPH and Ovaprim were yielded the best results as compared to control. The use of the preparations resulted in the percentage of ovulations of 90-100% and the embryo survival rate at the hatching stage was about 90%. The study concludes that thermal stimuli and hormonal applications have a synergistic effect on artificial reproduction
Estimation of Generic Subslab Attenuation Factors for Vapor Intrusion Investigations

Generic indoor air:subslab soil gas attenuation factors (SSAFs) are important for rapid screening of potential vapor intrusion risks in buildings that overlie soil and groundwater contaminated with volatile chemicals. Insufficiently conservative SSAFs can allow high‐risk sites to be prematurely excluded from further investigation. Excessively conservative SSAFs can lead to costly, time‐consuming, and often inconclusive actions at an inordinate number of low‐risk sites. This paper reviews two of the most commonly used approaches to develop SSAFs: (1) comparison of paired, indoor air and subslab soil gas data in empirical databases and (2) comparison of estimated subslab vapor entry rates and indoor air exchange rates (IAERs). Potential error associated with databases includes interference from indoor and outdoor sources, reliance on data from basements, and seasonal variability. Heterogeneity in subsurface vapor plumes combined with uncertainty regarding vapor entry points calls into question the representativeness of limited subslab data and diminishes the technical defensibility of SSAFs extracted from databases. The use of reasonably conservative vapor entry rates and IAERs offers a more technically defensible approach for the development of generic SSAF values for screening. Consideration of seasonal variability in building leakage rates, air exchange rates, and interpolated vapor entry rates allows for the development of generic SSAFs at both local and regional scales. Limitations include applicability of the default IAERs and vapor entry rates to site‐specific vapor intrusion investigations and uncertainty regarding applicability of generic SSAFs to assess potential short‐term (e.g., intraday) variability of impacts to indoor air.
Advanced MR techniques in early differentiation of pseudo-progression vs . progression in patients with glioblastoma multiforme

Introduction. The diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme progression may be confounded by a phenomena termed pseudoprogression (PSP) and pseudoresponse (RCT) which has become more common with the adoption of radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant application of Temozolomide (CRT). Distinguishing of these phenomena is based on follow-up scans since no single imaging method or technique is yet capable to perform their discrimination. In this study we evaluated dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC perfusion) imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to predict the prognosis and time to progression in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Methods. Fourty patients with primary glioblastoma multiforme were included in the analysis. Patients were examined in 3rd week after surgery and 10th week after the beginning of CRT. Magnetic resonance exams were performed using 1.5 T MR scanner (Avanto; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). The maps of perfusion parameters and time-to-peak (TTP) parameter were calculated using DPTools v3.79 software. 3D CSI PRESS magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed in area corresponding to contrast enhancement on T1W images. Results. 32 of the 40 patients had progressive disease and 8 to have pseudo-progression. Progressive disease show mean time to peak values of 33±7 s on the 3th and 30±5 s in 10th week with no statistical significance between these two periods, p>0.05. Patients with pseudoprogression show mean time to peak values of 32±8 s on the 3th week and 43±9 s on the 10th week and it was statistically significant difference p<0.05 which favors better response to therapy. Spectroscopy results show presence of Glycine peak at 3.56 ppm in 6 patients with progressive disease which was not seen on spectra with pseudo-progression. Conclusion. The observed significant differences in TTP values for PSP and RCT can provide basis for distinguishing two entities. The presence of glycine peak in MR spectra could be marker of RCT.
GEOGRAPHIES OF VIOLENCE AND VULNERABILITY AN ACTOR-ORIENTED ANALYSIS OF THE CIVIL WAR IN SRI LANKA

In his thought-provoking speech to the European ministers on “Rethinking Conflict”, JOHAN GALTUNG (2003) pointed out that the terms “conflict” and “violence” should by no means be confused. Violence, according to GALTUNG, is to harm and hurt someone, by physical and/or verbal means. Although conflict may lead to violence, conflict and violence are totally different conceptually. At the core of a conflict there is always an incompatibility, a contradiction between goals. As such, conflict is an integral part of social life; conflict is “as normal as the air around us” (GALTUNG 2003, 2). Conflict, when constructively managed, can even be considered a dynamic force of social development (DAHRENDORF 1992). Therefore, it does not make sense to talk about “conflict prevention”: violence is what has to be prevented. But if conflict is confused with violence, then basic clashes of goals will not be detected until the first acts of direct violence. And, equally dangerous, when no more open violence occurs, “peace” is often declared, confusing the precarious state of nonfighting with actual peace. In addition to direct violence (physical and/or verbal), the concept of violence can be expanded by adding two more types of violence: structural violence and cultural violence (GALTUNG 2003, 3). Structural violence has political, economic and cultural dimensions. In political terms, structural violence means to deprive people of freedom. In economic terms, structural violence is to deny people their basic needs. Culturally, structural violence means to deprive people of their own culture. All these dimensions of structural violence played major roles in the development of the Band 61, Heft 2 B.o. s.s Druck und Medien, Goch Juni 2007 E R D K U N D E
Phoretic mites in uni- and bivoltine populations of Ips typographus: a 1-year case study

Members of the order Mesostigmata frequently use other animals to colonize suitable habitats, and thus their phoretic exploitation of bark beetles is not exceptional. We compared the abundance and species spectrum of phoretic mites in univoltine and bivoltine populations of the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Two localities with high population densities of Ips typographus in the eastern part of the Czech Republic (400 and 1100 m a.s.l.) were studied. Beetles were sampled with pheromone traps baited with IT Ecolure (5 per locality). In total, 1268 I. typographus individuals were captured, from which 1662 mite individuals were collected and 8 species of phoretic mites were identified. The most numerous species were Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus and Trichouropoda polytricha. Trichouropoda polytricha was dominant at the higher elevation (1100 m a.s.l.). Neither the number of phoretic mites per beetle nor the percentage of beetles carrying the mites differed between the localities. At the locality with bivoltine beetle populations, however, the number of phoretic mites per beetle was greater in the spring generation than in the summer generation.
Genetic and epigenetic changes of genes on chromosome 3 in human urogenital tumors

Numerous disorders of genes and alterations of their expression are observed on a short arm of human chromosome 3, particularly in 3p14, 3p21, 3p24 compact regions in epithelial tumors. These aberrations affect the key biological processes specific for cancerogenesis. Such genes or their products could be used for diagnostics and prognosis of cancer. Genetical and epigenetical changes of a number of genes on chromosome 3 in human urogenital cancer, their role in cellular processes and signal pathways and perspectives as molecular markers of cancer diseases are analyzed in the review.
GenetIcs of behavIour In cattle

Behavioural genetics is an important area of research, because the behavioural repertoire of domestic animals is so rich and com plex, with striking similarities and differences between species and all of its effects on animal welfare and productivity. This review is directed on the genetics of behaviour, we explain how behavioural genetics can be used in breeding programmes and to learn more about the genetic variation in these traits. It includes examples from dairy cattle as well as beef cattle and illustrates the need for comparative studies. We provide an overview of studies on cattle that emphasises an inter-individual variability and a relative intra-individual consistency in fear responsiveness and discuss problems that may hinder the genetic evaluation and the application of temperament traits for genetic selection.
Perceived usefulness, ease of use, organizational and bank support as determinants of adoption of internet banking in east Africa

The purpose of this paper to identify the factors that influence corporate customers adoption of Internet banking services in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda. The hypotheses are empirically evaluated by using Trade Finance customers of an East African bank as the target sample. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is the primary basis for the study. The information gathered from former studies that are mainly concentrating on private customer acts as a foundation for building an extension of TAM suitable for corporate customers. The study involved 137 respondents from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda. Due to the quantitative nature of the study, the results are analysed with statistical measures. This included the use of SPSS to carry out regression analysis. The analysis reveals that corporate users are not motivated by the same factors as private users. In order to become Internet banking customers, it is extremely important for corporate users to have a system that is easy to use and operate with full support from the bank.
A Psycholinguistics Case Study: The Relations of Learned Helplessness, Locus of Control, and Attitudes towards English with Academic Success

Learned helplessness is the result of exposition to enduring negative and/or painful stimuli. If somebody thinks that he has free will to do something and his behavior is related to various outcomes, his/her locus of control is internal. Otherwise, s/he is convinced that her/his behavior, emotions and thoughts are controlled by some external factors which they cannot influence. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of learned helplessness and the locus of control on overall academic success (average grades) as well as on English grades. Our sample consisted of 159 students who were at tertiary level in Balkans (from the first to the sixth year of study). The mean age of participants was M = 21.62 (SD = 1.83). There were 76 males (47.80%) and 83 females (52.20%). The measures used in this study are: Demographic Information Questionnaire, Emotional aspect of attitudes toward the English language, Learned Helplessness Scale (LHS), and Trice’s Academic Locus of Control Scale. The results revealed that students had low levels of external locus of control and learned helplessness whereas their attitudes toward English were positive. The main part of results included the following findings: students who had low levels of learned helplessness and internal locus of control had better average grades as well as grades in English as a high school/university subject. In addition, they like English more than students with external locus of control and high levels of learned helplessness.