Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partial pressure of ammonia versus ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy

Ammonia is considered the major pathogenetic factor of cerebral dysfunction in hepatic failure. The correlation between total plasma ammonia and the severity of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), however, is variable. Because ammonia that is present in gaseous form readily enters the brain, the correlation with the grade of HE of the pH‐dependent partial pressure of gaseous ammonia (pNH3) could be better than that of total arterial ammonia levels. To test this hypothesis, 56 cirrhotic patients with acute episodes of clinical HE (median age, 54 years; range, 21‐75) were studied by clinical examination and by long‐latency median‐nerve sensory‐evoked potentials (SEPs) N70 peak, an objective and sensitive electrophysiological measure of HE. pNH3 was calculated from arterial blood according to published methods. The clinical grade of HE correlated (P < .001) with both pNH3 and total ammonia, but correlation was stronger with pNH3 (r = .79 vs. .69, P = .01). A similar correlation was found for N70 peak latency (r = .71 with pNH3 vs. .64 with total ammonia, respectively, P = .08). In summary, arterial pNH3 correlates more closely than total ammonia with the degree of clinical and electrophysiological abnormalities in HE. These findings support the ammonia hypothesis of HE and suggest that pNH3 might be superior to total ammonia in the pathophysiological evaluation of HE.
PENGARUH HUMAN CAPITAL TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN (Studi pada Perusahaan Advertising dan Periklanan Malang yang Terdaftar pada Asosiasi Advertising dan Periklanan Malang)

This study aims to determine the effect of collectively individual capability, individual motivation, the organizational climate, workgroup effectiveness, leadership to the company's non-financial performance, to know the effect simultaneously between individual capability, individual motivation, the organizational climate, workgroup effectiveness, leadership on the performance of non-financial companies, and to determine the partial influence between individual capability, individual motivation, the organizational climate, workgroup effectiveness, leadership to the performance of non-financial companies. This research type is explanatory research with quantitative approach. The population in this study are all advertising and advertising companies registered at the Association of Advertising Malang, amounting to 43 companies. The sampling technique used is total sampling or sample saturated thus the sample of a number of population research that is 43 companies registered at the Association Advertising Malang. Sources of data were obtained from primary data by spreading questionnaires and secondary data with documentation. This study used multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 20.0 software Kеywords: Individual Capability, Individual Motivation, The Organizational Climate Workgroup Effectiveness, Leadership, Corporate Non-Financial Performance. АBSTRАK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara bersama-sama individual capability, individual motivation, the organizational climate, workgroup effectiveness, leadership terhadap kinerja non-financial perusahaan, mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan antara individual capability, individual motivation, the organizational climate, workgroup effectiveness, leadership terhadap kinerja non-financial perusahaan, dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara parsial antara individual capability, individual motivation, the organizational climate, workgroup effectiveness, leadership terhadap kinerja non-financial perusahaan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan periklanan dan advertising yang terdaftar pada Asosiasi Advertising Malang yang berjumlah 43 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu total sampling atau sampel jenuh dengan demikian sampel penelitian sejumlah populasi yaitu 43 perusahaan yang terdaftar pada Asosiasi Advertising Malang. Sumber data diperoleh dari data primer dengan menyebar kuesioner dan data sekunder dengan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan software SPSS 20.0. Kаtа Kunci: Individual Capability, Individual Motivation, The Organizational Climate, Workgroup Effectiveness, Leadership, Kinerja Non- Financial Perusahaan .
Professionalism and financial developments in manufacturing SMEs

In family SMEs the management positions are traditionally occupied by the children as likely successors, with the intention to prepare them for their functions and create awareness of the responsibilities and commitment that represents, however, in several occasions there are not considered the aspirations or capabilities of the family members that not necessarily converge with the goals of the business. The case under study is an uncommon example of the decisions made by a leader who faces the dilemma of professionalizing the management positions with staff outside the family due to the lack of identification from the family members with the goals of the business, or allow that their financial position could be discredited at the point of jeopardize their existence
Field performance of grafted fruit-tree rootstocks was not affected by micropropagation

The use of micropropagated trees has been widely extended, since micropropagation is a convenient technique of vegetative propagation that shows a number of interesting advantages, mainly for woody fruit trees. However, only few studies can be found in the literature on the field performance of micropropagated trees. In this work, the performance of different micropropagated fruit-tree rootstocks, grafted with some peach and nectarine varieties, was compared with grafted rootstocks propagated by conventional methods. The Prunus rootstocks 'Adafuel', 'Adarcias' (both almond x peach hybrids) and 'Adesoto 101' show different problems when propagated by conventional techniques that reduce the propagation rate, including: low percentage of rooting ('Adesoto 101', 'Adarcias'), roots of bad quality ('Adarcias'), excessive vigor in the nursery and uneven growth ('Adafuel'). However, micropropagation solved these problems supplying uniform plants with good behavior and size in the nursery. Both plant types, micropropagated or cutting-derived plants, were grafted with different varieties: 'Adafuel' and 'Adarcias' were grafted with the varieties 'Baby Gold 5', and 'Super Crimson Gold', and 'Adesoto 101' with 'Catherine' and the selection NJC 97. After one year of growth in the nursery, suitable trees were planted in the field. Data obtained during the first years of field growth suggest that the rootstock propagation method did not seem to influence the field performance of fruit trees, since no remarkable differences were observed, for each combination rootstock/scion, between the different propagation methods for any of the observed characters: crop production, vigor, fruit weight, yield, and fruit quality (soluble solids concentration - SSC, pH, acidity, firmness) and color.
SH3 Domain-dependent Association of Huntingtin with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Complexes*

Based on the presence of multiple proline-rich motifs in the huntingtin sequence, we tested its possible association with epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling complexes through SH3 domain-containing modules. We found that huntingtin is associated with Grb2, RasGAP, and tyrosine-phosphorylated EGF receptor. These associations are regulated by activation of the EGF receptor, suggesting that they may be part of EGF receptor-mediated cellular signaling cascade. In vitro binding studies indicate that SH3 domains of Grb2 or RasGAP are required for their binding to huntingtin. Our results suggest that huntingtin may be a unique adapter protein for EGF receptor-mediated signaling and may be involved in the regulation of Ras-dependent signaling pathways.
Quest for Financial Stability in East Asia: Establishment of an Independent Surveillance Unit “AMRO” and Its Future Challenges

Regional Financial Arrangements in East Asia made large institutional advances in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis. The network of bilateral swap agreements (BSA) under the Chiang Mai Initiative (CMI) was multilateralized (CMIM) in 2010. An independent surveillance unit called the ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office (AMRO) was established in 2011. Focusing on AMRO, this paper aims to (1) indicate salient features of the surveillance activities conducted by AMRO when initially established as a private company (“AMRO (Company)”) in 2011, (2) lay out the background and major changes upon the transformation of AMRO (Company) into an international organization (“AMRO (IO)”) in 2016, and (3) identify remaining challenges for AMRO (IO) in achieving monetary and financial stability in East Asia. AMRO (Company)’s surveillance was characterized in that (1) it was undertaken in line with the needs of the ASEAN+3 authorities and (2) greater attention was paid on (a) shortterm movements of private capital flows and (b) economic inter-linkages among ASEAN+3 countries where shocks may be transmitted. Upon the transformation into an international organization, AMRO (IO) was given new mandates to (1) support the CMIM’s operation and (2) publish its surveillance reports as per its pre-determined publication guideline. Remaining challenges are suggested, among others, on (1) developing AMRO’s policy recommendation capacity, (2) enhancing AMRO’s roles in the CMIM activation process, (3) leading the discussion on the CMIM’s coordination with bilateral and global support facilities, and (4) constant improvement of statistics.
Experimental study on fiber Bragg grating electric current sensor

A new electric current sensor based on fiber Bragg grating tuned by giant magnetrostrictive material rod is demonstrated in this paper. A fiber Braff grating is firmly clung on a giant magnetrostrictive rod that is put into the central part of a solenoid. The Bragg wavelength of the fiber grating will shift when the uniform magnetic field in the solenoid changes. The rod will have elastic lengthening along the direction of the magnetic field. The grating resonant wavelength of the fiber grating will shift as consequence of the rod lengthening. The relationship between the electric current and the wavelength shift is basically linear. The wavelength range of linear tuning is about 0.9 nm. The tuning sensitivity is about 0.001nm/mA.
Slowdown of the thermohaline circulation causes enhanced maritime climate influence and snow cover over Europe

The ocean thermohaline circulation (THC) in the Atlantic is generally accepted to contribute to the comparatively mild climate of western and northern Europe. Global climate models (Manabe and Stouffer, 1995; Vellinga and Wood, 2002) and palaeo‐observations (McManus et al., 2004) associate periods of weak or absent Atlantic THC with considerably lower temperatures in and around the northern North Atlantic. However, it is uncertain whether such change would spread longitudinally around the globe or would be limited to a narrow strip near the coast (Vellinga and Wood, 2002; Mikolajewicz et al., 1997). Moreover, the relatively low spatial resolution of global climate models has prohibited more detailed statements about possible or probable THC‐induced climate change in Europe. Here, we first use a global climate model to perform a THC‐slowdown sensitivity experiment, with a weakening of the MOC by about 50%, and the associated control experiment. The two global simulations are then used to force a regional climate model for Europe; the regional control and sensitivity simulations are analyzed here. We find stronger maritime influence over Europe than in the case with no MOC weakening, which surprisingly results in cooling (because sea surface temperatures drop), contrary to today's conditions, where maritime influence leads to milder conditions in Europe. Lower temperatures cause reduced precipitation, increased snow cover and higher albedo leading to positive feedback.
Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors as Identified by Focus Groups

Currently, over 1,700,000 women are living with breast cancer in the United States. These long‐term survivors of breast cancer are challenged to redirect their energy from issues of cancer treatment and early side effects toward quality of life issues related to long‐term survivorship, such as menopause, infertility, fear of recurrence, family distress, and uncertainty. In an attempt to obtain patient perspectives on quality of life and health care issues faced by breast cancer survivors, focus group methodology was utilized in the first year of a 2 year study. The sample was stratified to represent three age groups: < 40 years, 40–60 years and > 60, and was intended to represent different developmental levels believed to have varying experiences with quality of life and potentially divergent needs following breast cancer diagnosis. Results of these focus groups revealed unique quality of life concerns of breast cancer survivors across four domains of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well being. Each of these domains yields important implications for future research and clinical practice. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Four-year clinical follow-up of the first-in-man randomized comparison of a novel sirolimus eluting stent with abluminal biodegradable polymer and ultra-thin strut cobalt-chromium alloy: the INSPIRON-I trial.

BACKGROUND The Inspiron™ sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) is a low-dose, ultra-thin-strut cobalt-chromium stent abluminally coated with biodegradable polymers (BP). Previous results from the INSPIRON-I trial, a first-in-man study, have proven the efficacy of the novel stent in reducing neointimal proliferation. The present report aims at evaluating the long-term clinical outcomes of patients enrolled into the INSPIRON-I trial (Clinical Trials Gov. identifier: NCT01093391). METHODS A total of 57 patients (60 lesions) were randomly allocated in a 2:1 ratio to treatment with the Inspiron™ SES vs. its equivalent Cronus™ bare metal stent (BMS, both by Scitech Medical™, Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil), in four tertiary centers. The primary endpoint of the present analysis was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) [death, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR) and/or target lesion revascularization (TLR)] at 4 years. RESULTS Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics of both groups were similar. After 4 years, the primary endpoint occurred in 7.9% vs. 23.5% of patients in Inspiron and control groups respectively (P=0.11). The rate of death/MI was similar between the groups, but there was a significant decrease in the risk of repeat revascularization in the Inspiron group compared to the control arm TLR (0.0% vs. 23.5% respectively, P=0.02). There were no stent thromboses in the study population. CONCLUSIONS The novel Inspiron™ SES showed a sustained safe and effective clinical profile after 4-year of follow-up, with very low adverse events and null stent thrombosis (ST) occurrence.
To what extent are members of an online panel willing to share different data types? A conjoint experiment

Recently, the idea of ‘data fusion’, that is, of combining different types of data, became quite popular because of the advances of new technologies. In particular, several studies started investigating the possibility of combining survey data with other data types in order to get a more complete or accurate picture of the reality and/or to reduce survey burden. One key element, then, is the willingness of people to share different types of data, beyond survey answers. In this article, we investigate to what extent members from an opt-in online panel in Spain are willing to share different types of information that have in general not been studied before in the literature: records of their surrounding sound (audiotracking), information from their email inbox (in different ways, sharing the email credentials, using an email plug-in or redirecting emails, partially or totally), sensorial reactions measured by a wearable device (neuroscience) and public information about them available online. We use a choice-based conjoint analysis in order to study the level of willingness depending on the incentives offered in exchange, and we present the level of willingness by gender and age groups. Overall, we find huge differences in the level of willingness across data types. Increasing the incentives, on the contrary, does not improve the willingness so much, even if there is a positive trend. Some differences are observed across gender and age groups but most of them are not statistically significant.
Effectiveness and Pitfalls of Percutaneous Transpedicle Biopsy of the Spine

Seventy-one percutaneous transpedicle biopsy specimens were taken from 68 patients with cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral vertebral lesions, with the patients under local anesthesia. Sixty-one procedures were done with fluoroscopic guidance and seven procedures were done with computed tomography guidance. Twenty-one patients were diagnosed as having infectious spondylodiscitis, three had tuberculosis, two had coccidiomycosis, two had brucellosis, one had blastomycosis, one had an echinococcus cyst, six had primary neoplasms, 14 had metastatic neoplasms, five had osseous repair for insufficiency fractures, seven had osteoporotic fractures, and one had Paget’s disease of bone. In the four remaining patients, the biopsy initially was negative but it was proven to be false-negative because of faulty biopsy technique. The percutaneous transpedicle approach for biopsy is safe, efficacious, and cost-effective. False-negative results and complications can be avoided when adhering to the technical details of this procedure.
The multidisciplinary nature of critical care: living the dream.

The essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson 1 wrote, “Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. ” My name is Richard Savel, and I was recently tapped to be the new physician coeditor of the American Journal of Critical Care (AJCC). I would like to take this opportunity to share a little about my background, my philosophy, and my enthusiasm for the task at hand. My career in critical care began in the late 1990s when I was working as a hospitalist in a small hospital in San Francisco shortly after I completed residency. At this hospital, the hospitalist service ran the intensive care unit (ICU). There it became clear to me that I wanted to devote my professional career to the field of critical care. I was fortunate to have obtained the mentorship of Michael Gropper, MD, PhD, and Jeanine Wiener-Kronish, MD, at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF, the home of this journal’s founding coeditor, Dr Kathleen Dracup), where I ended up being involved in 2 years of translational research focusing on acute lung injury, as well as completing my clinical critical care fellowship in 2002. I have spent all of my time as a critical care attending working in surgical ICUs, most recently at Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine (the home of the other founding coeditor of this journal, Dr Christopher Bryan-Brown) in New York City. My clinical areas of interest include acute lung injury, severe sepsis syndrome, surgical critical care, care of the critically ill bariatric patient, patient safety and checklists in the ICU, and the development of novel teaching techniques for evidence-based critical care at the national level. I also very much enjoy teaching critical care to our fellows and medical students at the medical center.
The Mediating Influence of Employee Behaviour on the Relationship Between Strategic Planning and Competitive Advantage of Large Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

Several studies have been carried out in the past to find out how strategic planning and competitive advantage are connected and the causes of differences in competitive advantage among firms. Scholars have argued that competitive advantage can emanate from either internal or external sources and is usually in several forms which include; valuable resources, the position held within the industry, position within the marketplace, operating at lower costs than rival firms, differentiation, capabilities and dynamic capabilities. The debate on what causes differences in competitive advantage is still on. This study sought to establish the mediating influence of employee behaviour on the relationship between strategic planning and competitive advantage of large manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study was underpinned by the competitive advantage typology of Michael Porter, the resource-based theory, dynamic capabilities theory, and goal-setting theory. The study used a positivist research paradigm and a cross-sectional survey design. This was a census study from 124 large manufacturing firms in Kenya. Out of the 124 firms, data on strategic planning, employee behaviour and competitive advantage was collected from 122 of the firms representing a response rate of 98.4%. The data was interpreted using a 5-point Likert type questionnaire. The data received was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Reliability tests returned an average Cronbach Alpha Value for the three variables that is strategic planning, employee behaviour and competitive advantage, of 0.86. Hypotheses were tested using both simple and multivariate regression analysis as well as hierarchical analysis for mediation. The findings indicate that overall strategic planning has a statistically significant influence on competitive advantage and that employee behaviour mediates completely the relationship between strategic planning and competitive advantage (R 2 =0.751, p-value<0.05). The study concluded that the relationship between strategic planning and competitive advantage is completely mediated by employee behaviour. The study further recommended that employees’ behaviour should be strategically aligned to the goals and objectives set in the strategic plan and that they should be committed fully to the ideals of the firm in order for the firm to attain and sustain its competitive advantage position. Keywords: strategic planning, competitive advantage employee behaviour, lower costs, differentiation, capabilities, dynamic capabilities DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-8-01 Publication date :March 31 st 2019
Nurse Managers Describe Their Practice Environments

Hospital work environments that support the professional practice of nurses are critical to patient safety. Nurse managers are responsible for creating these professional practice environments for staff nurses, yet little is known about the environments needed to support nurse managers. Domains of nurse managers' practice environment have recently been defined. This is a secondary analysis of 2 cross-sectional studies of organizational characteristics that influence nurse manager practice. Content analysis of the free text comments from 127 nurse managers was used to illustrate the 8 domains of nurse managers' practice environments. Nurse managers valued time spent with their staff; therefore, workloads must permit meaningful interaction. Directors demonstrated trust when they empowered nurse managers to make decisions. Administrative leaders should build patient safety cultures on the basis of shared accountability and mutual respect among the health care team. The expectations of nurse managers have greatly expanded in the volume and complexity of direct reports, patient care areas, and job functions. The nurse managers in this analysis reported characteristics of their practice environments that limit their role effectiveness and may negatively impact organizational performance. Further research is needed to understand the effects of nurse managers' practice environments on staff and patient outcomes.