Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retrofitting of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Traces Allows More Accurate Assessment of Glucose Control in Outpatient Studies

Background: Glucose control in artificial pancreas (AP) studies is commonly assessed by metrics such as the percentage of time with blood glucose (BG) concentration below 70 mg/dL or in the nearly normal range 70–180 mg/dL (in brief, time in hypoglycemia and time in target, respectively). In outpatient studies these control metrics can be computed only from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor data, with the risk of an unfair assessment because of their inaccuracy. The aim of the present article is to show that the control metrics can be much more accurately determined if CGM data are preprocessed by a recently proposed retrofitting algorithm. Subjects and Methods: Data from 47 type 1 diabetes subjects are considered. Subjects were studied in a closedloop control trial prescribing three 24-h admissions. Glucose concentration was monitored using the Dexcom (San Diego, CA) SEVEN Plus CGM sensor. Frequent BG reference values were collected in parallel with the YSI analyzer (Yellow Springs Instrument, Yellow Springs, OH). To simulate the few reference values available in outpatient conditions, we down-sampled the YSI data and provided to the retrofitting algorithm only the reference values that would have been collected in outpatient protocols. Time in hypoglycemia, time in target, mean, and SD of glucose profile were computed on the basis of both the original and the retrofitted CGM traces and compared with those computed using the frequently obtained YSI data. Results: Using the retrofitted traces, the average error affecting the estimation of time in hypoglycemia and time in target was approximately halved with respect to the original CGM traces (from 4.5% to 1.9% and from 8.7% to 4.4%, respectively). Error in mean and SD was reduced even further, from 10.0 mg/dL to 3.5 mg/dL and from 8.6 mg/dL to 2.9 mg/dL, respectively. Conclusions: The improved accuracy of retrofitted CGM with respect to the original CGM traces allows a more reliable assessment of glucose control in outpatient AP studies.
Maintenance of Very Long Telomeres by Recombination in the Kluyveromyces lactis stn1-M1 Mutant Involves Extreme Telomeric Turnover, Telomeric Circles, and Concerted Telomeric Amplification

ABSTRACT Some cancers utilize the recombination-dependent process of alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) to maintain long heterogeneous telomeres. Here, we studied the recombinational telomere elongation (RTE) of the Kluyveromyces lactis stn1-M1 mutant. We found that the total amount of the abundant telomeric DNA in stn1-M1 cells is subject to rapid variation and that it is likely to be primarily extrachromosomal. Rad50 and Rad51, known to be required for different RTE pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were not essential for the production of either long telomeres or telomeric circles in stn1-M1 cells. Circles of DNA containing telomeric repeats (t-circles) either present at the point of establishment of long telomeres or introduced later into stn1-M1 cells each led to the formation of long tandem arrays of the t-circle's sequence, which were incorporated at multiple telomeres. These tandem arrays were extraordinarily unstable and showed evidence of repeated rounds of concerted amplification. Our results suggest that the maintenance of telomeres in the stn1-M1 mutant involves extreme turnover of telomeric sequences from processes including both large deletions and the copying of t-circles.
Connexin43 and Runx2 Interact to Affect Cortical Bone Geometry, Skeletal Development, and Osteoblast and Osteoclast Function

The coupling of osteoblasts and osteocytes by connexin43 (Cx43) gap junctions permits the sharing of second messengers that coordinate bone cell function and cortical bone acquisition. However, details of how Cx43 converts shared second messengers into signals that converge onto essential osteogenic processes are incomplete. Here, we use in vitro and in vivo methods to show that Cx43 and Runx2 functionally interact to regulate osteoblast gene expression and proliferation, ultimately affecting cortical bone properties. Using compound hemizygous mice for the Gja1 (Cx43) and Runx2 genes, we observed a skeletal phenotype not visible in wild‐type or singly hemizygous animals. Cortical bone analysis by micro–computed tomography (μCT) revealed that 8‐week‐old male, compound Gja1+/– Runx2+/– mice have a marked increase in cross‐sectional area, endosteal and periosteal bone perimeter, and an increase in porosity compared to controls. These compound Gja1+/– Runx2+/– mice closely approximate the cortical bone phenotypes seen in osteoblast‐specific Gja1‐conditional knockout models. Furthermore, μCT analysis of skulls revealed an altered interparietal bone geometry in compound hemizygotes. Consistent with this finding, Alizarin red/Alcian blue staining of 2‐day‐old Gja1+/– Runx2+/– neonates showed a hypomorphic interparietal bone, an exacerbation of the open fontanelles, and a further reduction in the hypoplastic clavicles compared to Runx2+/– neonates. Expression of osteoblast genes, including osteocalcin, osterix, periostin, and Hsp47, was markedly reduced in tibial RNA extracts from compound hemizygous mice, and osteoblasts from compound hemizygous mice exhibited increased proliferative capacity. Further, the reduced osteocalcin expression and hyperproliferative nature of osteoblasts from Cx43 deficient mice was rescued by Runx2 expression. In summary, these findings provide evidence that Cx43 and Runx2 functionally intersect in vivo to regulate cortical bone properties and affect osteoblast differentiation and proliferation, and likely contributes to aspects of the skeletal phenotype of Cx43 conditional knockout mice. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Bis(N′-{(E)-[(2E)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene]amino}-N-ethylcarbamimidothioato-κ2 N′,S)zinc(II): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis

The title thiosemicarbazonate complex has the ligands coordinating the ZnII centre via the thiolate S and imine N atoms in each of the two independent molecules comprising the asymmetric unit, leading to N2S2 donor sets and distorted tetrahedal geometries. The crystal features zigzag chains of molecules sustained by N—H⋯N and amine-N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds.
Lessons from a Decade of Mathematics and Science Reform: A Capstone Report for the Local Systemic Change through Teacher Enhancement Initiative.

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Acknowledgments The core evaluation of the Local Systemic Change Initiative requires the energy, efforts, and insights of a very large number of people. Within HRI, in addition to the authors of this report, number other current and former Horizon staff members were responsible for various tasks essential to the production of this report, from instrument design, to data processing and analysis, to report production. These individuals include: This report would not have been possible without the efforts of the LSC project staff members and evaluators, whose work formed the basis for the analyses presented here. Special thanks are due to the thousands of teachers in the participating districts who took time from their busy schedules to provide information about their mathematics and science teaching. In 1995, the National Science Foundation (NSF) initiated the Local Systemic Change through Teacher Enhancement program. The initiative's primary goal is to improve instruction in science, mathematics, and technology through teacher professional development within whole schools or school districts. NSF funded the first cohort of Local Systemic Change (LSC) projects in 1995, and an additional cohort of projects each year, for a total of 88 projects funded by 2002. The LSC initiative distinguishes itself from former NSF-supported teacher enhancement efforts in two important ways. First, it targets all teachers in a jurisdiction for professional development; each targeted teacher is to participate in a minimum of 130 hours of professional development over the course of the project. 1 Second, the LSC emphasizes preparing teachers to implement district-designated mathematics and science instructional materials in their classes. In addition to providing professional development for teachers, the LSC initiative promotes efforts to build a supportive environment for improving science, mathematics, and technology instruction. LSC projects are expected to align policy and practice within targeted districts, and to engage in a range of activities to support reform, including: • Building a comprehensive, shared vision of science, mathematics, and technology education; • Conducting a detailed self-study to assess the system's needs and strengths; • Promoting active partnerships and commitments among an array of stakeholders; • Designing a strategic plan that includes mechanisms for engaging teachers in high quality professional development activities over the course of the project; and • Developing clearly defined, measurable outcomes …
Failure to restore vision after optic nerve regeneration in reptiles: Interspecies variation in response to axotomy

Optic nerve regeneration within the reptiles is variable. In a snake, Viper aspis, and the lizard Gallotia galloti, regeneration is slow, although some retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons eventually reach the visual centers (Rio et al. [ 1989 ] Brain Res 479:151–156; Lang et al. [ 1998 ] Glia 23:61–74). By contrast, in a lizard, Ctenophorus ornatus, numerous RGC axons regenerate rapidly to the visual centers, but unless animals are stimulated visually, the regenerated projection lacks topography and animals remain blind via the experimental eye (Beazley et al. [ 2003 ] J. Neurotrauma 20:1263–1269). V. aspis, G. galloti, and C. ornatus belong respectively to the Serpentes, Lacertidae, and Agamidae within the Eureptilia, the major modern group of living reptiles comprising the Squamata (snakes, lizards, and geckos) and the Crocodyllia. Here we have extended the findings on Eureptilia to include two geckos (Gekkonidae), Cehyra variegata and Nephrurus stellatus. We also examined a turtle, Chelodina oblonga, the Testudines being the sole surviving representatives of the Parareptilia, the more ancient reptilian group. In all three species, visually elicited behavioral responses were absent throughout regeneration, a result supported electrophysiologically; axonal tracing revealed that only a small proportion of RGC axons crossed the lesion and none entered the contralateral optic tract. RGC axons failed to reach the chiasm in C. oblonga, and in G. variegata, and N. stellatus RGC axons entered the opposite optic nerve; a limited ipsilateral projection was seen in G. variegata. Our results support a heterogeneous response to axotomy within the reptiles, each of which is nevertheless dysfunctional. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:292–305, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A narrative future for Europe–China economic relations after the financial crisis

This article provides a detailed comparative analysis of how leading European media outlets—three elite newspapers from the United Kingdom, France, and Germany—reported economic news as it related to China from 2008, the beginning of the global financial crisis, until 2014. It illustrates the changing nature of European media perceptions of China and a growing interdependence between Europe and China after the financial crisis. Media messages directed toward domestic audiences and global stakeholders shaped public perceptions and influenced political, economic, and diplomatic narratives. In addition to a general increase in attention to news focused on China’s economy after the financial crisis, the three European newspapers also shared essentially the same news frames when they reported economic news about China. Some differences were noted, however, as the British and German newspapers focused on their domestic interests with China’s economy while the French newspaper preferred to discuss issues from the perspective of the European Union. All three newspapers were attentive to the pace of China’s rise and to the problems and obstacles of doing business in China as well as to China’s importance for Europe’s future economic development. The news narratives were dominated by a tension between hope and uncertainty.
Development of EHPS Motor Speed Map Using HILS System

This paper proposes a systematic method to develop electrohydraulic power steering (EHPS) motor speed maps. To overcome the weaknesses of the existing method, which depends on the test driver's steering feel at a proving ground, this paper utilized theoretical approaches and experimental developments to develop an optimal EHPS motor speed map. Steering torque of the target vehicle according to steering angle and vehicle speed was estimated through theoretical calculations. For the theoretical estimation of steering torque, tire properties of the target vehicle were measured, vehicle dynamics were employed to estimate slip angles, and the steering system was modeled. These estimation results were verified through field tests and then applied to the resistant motor of the EHPS Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation (HILS) system, which represents the moments generated between the ground and tires. As the experimental development of EHPS motor speed map, an EHPS HILS system was set up, and the concept of desirable steering torque was established to quantify steering feel and catch-up effect. By means of the desirable steering torque, steering feel that was subject to the test driver's hands had criteria at various driving conditions. As the final procedure of this paper, the developed motor speed map was numerically compared with the existing map developed by the existing method, and then, it was verified through field tests with the target vehicle. The developed motor speed map provided sufficient steering assist to the driver and prevented the catch-up effect under all driving conditions. In addition, the steering torque from both maps had the same profiles at all driving conditions, even if the developed map demands lower motor speeds up to 1950 r/min than the existing map at almost all driving conditions.
A Global Non-linear Control Design for a PVTOL Vehicle with Aerodynamics

Non-linear stabilisation and control of a PVTOL vehicle has received much attention in the literature for the low speed case, where aerodynamic effects can be neglected. In this paper, a non-linear control design is presented for a three degree of freedom "Hovering Rocket" with aerodynamic effects included, such that the controller remains functional at high speeds. Control design is based on a non-linear, decoupling change of coordinates presented by many authors in the past. The decoupled system is then controlled using an optimised cascade approach.
An Anatomy of the Global Trade Slowdown based on the WIOD 2016 Release

The deceleration of world trade since 2011 has been widely discussed. How much is due to a reversal of international production fragmentation? And how much is due to decreasing demand for tradeintensive goods? We present a consistent framework that quantifies their relative importance. A central concept in our approach is the global import intensity (GII) of production. This is a novel measure of fragmentation which traces the imports needed in all stages of production. We study the period before and after the great trade collapse based on an update of the world input-output database (WIOD). The increase in GII during the period 2000-2008 was due to a combination of two forces: high demand for goods and continuous international production fragmentation. Since 2011 fragmentation halted. Moreover, demand shifted to services which are less trade intensive than goods, in particular in China. We argue that lower trade ratios are likely to remain in the near future. *We are grateful to Reitze Gouma, Oliver Reiter, Mahdi Ghodsi and Simona Jokubauskaite for excellent research assistance. We thank the European Commission Services (DG ECFIN) for providing financial support in updating the WIOD under project No. 2015/019B. Timmer acknowledges financial support from the Dutch Science Foundation (NWO) (grant number 453-14012). We thank seminar participants at CEPR/CEBRA conference “International Trade and Macroeconomic Interdependence in the Age of Global Value Chains”, Vilnius, 15-16 September 2016; BBVA World KLEMS meeting, Madrid, May 22, 2016 and ECB Compnet meeting, Prague, April 21, 2016 for stimulating comments and discussion. ** Timmer, Los and de Vries: Groningen Growth and Development Centre, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; b.los@rug.nl, m.p.timmer@rug.nl and g.j.de.vries@rug.nl. Stehrer: The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies – wiiw, Rahlgasse 3, A-1060 Vienna, Austria; stehrer@wiiw.ac. at.
Estrogen, Cognitive Function and Negative Symptoms in Female Schizophrenia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of serum reproductive hormone levels with cognitive function and negative symptoms in schizophrenic women during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Thirty-five women with chronic schizophrenia who had minimal positive symptoms participated in this study. We evaluated the correlation of serum reproductive hormone levels with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and cognitive function tests such as the Immediate Visual Recognition Scale, Oral Fluency Test, List Recall Scale with List Acquisition Scale, Trail Making Tests A and B, and Digit Symbol Test. The patients were divided into two subgroups (low estradiol group and normal estradiol group) using the normal serum reference range for estradiol. Significant correlation between SANS subcategories, such as Alogia and Attention Impairment, and estradiol were found. Moreover, significant relationships between the estradiol level and the Oral Fluency Test, List Recall Scale with List Acquisition Scale, Trail Making Test B and Digit Symbol Test were observed. In the low estradiol group, the SANS scores, except for Anhedonia-Asociality and Avolition-Apathy, were significantly higher than those in the normal estradiol group. Patients in the low estradiol group had a significantly lower performance in the cognitive function tests, except Visual Recognition Scale, when compared to patients in the normal estradiol group. These results suggest that for schizophrenic women of reproductive age, lower levels of estrogen are associated with more severe negative symptomatology as well as reduced performance in cognitive function, especially verbal performance and executive functioning.
Systematic review of enriched enrolment, randomised withdrawal trial designs in chronic pain: a new framework for design and reporting

Abstract Enriched enrolment, randomised withdrawal (EERW) pain trials select, before randomisation, patients who respond by demonstrating a predetermined degree of pain relief and acceptance of adverse events. There is uncertainty over the value of this design. We report a systematic review of EERW trials in chronic noncancer pain together with a critical appraisal of methods and potential biases in the methods used and recommendations for the design and reporting of future EERW trials. Electronic and other searches found 25 EERW trials published between 1995 and June 2014, involving 5669 patients in a randomised withdrawal phase comparing drug with placebo; 13 (median, 107 patients) had a randomised withdrawal phase of 6 weeks or less, and 12 (median, 334) lasted 12 to 26 weeks. Risks of bias included short duration, inadequate outcome definition, incomplete outcome data reporting, small size, and inadequate dose tapering on randomisation to placebo. Active treatment was usually better than placebo (22/25 trials). This review reduces the uncertainty around the value of EERW trials in pain. If properly designed, conducted, and reported, they are feasible and useful for making decisions about pain therapies. Shorter, small studies can be explanatory; longer, larger studies can inform practice. Current evidence is inadequate for valid comparisons in outcome between EERW and classical trials, although no gross differences were found. This systematic review provides a framework for assessing potential biases and the value of the EERW trials, and for the design of future studies by making recommendations for the conduct and reporting of EERW trials.
Core indicators of nutritional state for difficult-to-sample populations.

Previous expert working groups have concluded that common descriptors and measurements are needed for all types of population groups to provide improved and expanded coverage and comparable and compatible data among surveys monitoring the nutritional and dietary status of the U.S. population. This report summarizes the discussions of an ad hoc Expert Panel charged with identifying core indicators to assess the nutritional status of difficult-to-sample populations. Members of the Expert Panel had wide research experience including survey design, food security, food consumption, nutritional status, health-related conditions associated with nutritional status, and nutrition and public policy. The varied backgrounds of the Panel members led to consideration of the concept of core indicators of nutritional status from a broad perspective. Early in their discussions the Expert Panel recognized that public health officials and policymakers use information on nutritional status for the purposes of problem identification, program planning and resource direction, and program and policy evaluation. This recognition raised several issues which formed the conceptual framework for subsequent discussions, study conclusions, and research recommendations. These issues centered on the following concepts: the purpose for which data are used determines the suitability of indicators; the scope of information required varies for the purposes identified above; a broad range of indicators is needed to supply information useful for public policy decisions on nutrition; that is, assessment of the nutritional status of populations by measurement of dietary intakes of nutrients and anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical indices can provide only a portion of the information needed for these purposes in the United States; nutritional problems in the U.S. general population may signal some, but not all, anticipated nutritional concerns for difficult-to-sample populations; and, adequate coverage and suitable sampling methods are overriding concerns for obtaining interpretable data and appear to be a larger issue than suitable measures for nutritional assessment in the case of difficult-to-sample populations. Guided by consideration of these issues, the Expert Panel recognized that they could not provide a comprehensive design for the evaluation of nutritional status for all difficult-to-sample populations that would be appropriate for all public health and policy purposes. Therefore, the Expert Panel concentrated their discussions on enumeration of the various issues that must be considered in planning any effort to evaluate the nutritional concerns for such populations. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)