Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Los gráficos estadísticos como articuladores del currículo escolar

El presente trabajo muestra y analiza las actividades sugeridas en las directrices curriculares de ensenanza primaria chilena, en las que intervienen graficos estadisticos, en las asignaturas de Matematica, Ciencias Naturales e Historia, Geografia y Ciencias Sociales. Tras el analisis detallado de las directrices curriculares se ha identificado una gran variedad actividades en las que se unan graficos estadisticos y logrando una integracion de las areas del curriculo.
An Exact Method for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Backhauls

We consider the problem in which a fleet of vehicles located at a central depot is to be optimallyused to serve a set of customers partitioned into two subsets of linehaul and backhaul customers. Each route starts and ends at the depot and the backhaul customers must be visited afterthe linehaul customers. A new (0-1) integer programming formulation of this problem is presented. We describe a procedure that computes a valid lower bound to the optimal solution cost by combining different heuristic methods for solving the dual of the LP-relaxation of the exact formulation. An algorithm for the exact solution of the problem is presented. Computational tests on problems proposed in the literature show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in solving problems up to 100 customers.
Recognition of normal–abnormal phonocardiographic signals using deep convolutional neural networks and mel-frequency spectral coefficients

Intensive care unit patients are heavily monitored, and several clinically-relevant parameters are routinely extracted from high resolution signals. Objective: The goal of the 2016 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge was to encourage the creation of an intelligent system that fused information from different phonocardiographic signals to create a robust set of normal/abnormal signal detections. Approach: Deep convolutional neural networks and mel-frequency spectral coefficients were used for recognition of normal–abnormal phonocardiographic signals of the human heart. This technique was developed using the PhysioNet.org Heart Sound database and was submitted for scoring on the challenge test set. Main results: The current entry for the proposed approach obtained an overall score of 84.15% in the last phase of the challenge, which provided the sixth official score and differs from the best score of 86.02% by just 1.87%.
Measurement of the physical PSF for an integrated PET/MR using targeted positron beams

In a uniform, static, 3T magnetic field, positrons emitted by a radioactive source such as 18F or 68Ga are constrained by the Lorentz force to follow a helical path of about a millimeter in radius along the B field lines. In air, these positrons may have an axial range of up to a few meters however, and thus form positron "beams". Intense annihilation sources a few tenths of a millimeter thick can be produced by cutting such beams with thin targets. Due to their high spatial resolution and minimal positron range effects, such sources can be used to make precise measurements of the physical point-spread function (pPSF) of the PET detectors in an integrated PETIMR system, such as the 3T Biograph mMR (Siemens Healthcare), that has its PET component interior to the MR magnet. In this paper we describe measurements of the pPSF of the mMR using this targeted positron beam technique. We find the shape of the kernels is quasi-Gaussian, but with longer tails. The FWHM of the axial component of the kernel is 3.35 mm, with no dependence on axial or radial position in the gantry. The width of the radial component varies from 3.5 mm at the center of the field of view (FOV) to 7.5 mm at 25 cm radial offset, with no dependence on axial position. As we have have previously reported, the pPSF needs to be modified to account for numerical broadening effects in order to produce the most accurate iterative PSF reconstructions. We describe a new methodology for determining this effective PSF (ePSF), based on imaging syringe sources of known diameters. We find the ePSF kernel has a FWHM of 2.2 mm at the center of the FOV. We compare no-PSF, ePSF and pPSF-based reconstructions on both phantom and human studies. We find that the ePSF kernel reduces hyper-resolution and edgeovershoot artifacts relative to the pPSF kernel, although with less s
Comparison of shoulder resultant net moment between three different exercises and load conditions

Different exercises are prescribed by physiotherapists and despite the popular use of elastic resistance, few studies have investigated the effect of such rehabilitation tools on shoulder resultant net moment (RNM). The aim of the present study was to compare shoulder RNM peak values and the respective angle of occurrence during three shoulder rehabilitation exercises: 1) elevation in the scapular plane; 2) flexion; and 3) abduction when performed in three different load situations: 1) without external load; 2) with dumbbells (DB); and 3) with elastic resistance. Twenty-one healthy subjects participated in the study. Kinematic data were obtained by means of an inverse dynamic model. A two-way ANOVA was used for data analysis (α < 0.05). The highest RNM peak for abductor and external rotator muscles was during shoulder abduction exercise and for flexor muscles was during flexion and elevation in the scapular plane. The DB load condition was associated with highest RNM peak values for all muscle groups. This study presents differences among three exercises and load situations for RNM peak values and angle of occurrence. Furthermore, it also presents theoretical rationale for load progress and selection of exercises for shoulder rehabilitation management. Clinicians should consider it, when prescribing strengthening exercises for shoulder rehabilitation.
Studies on the action of Hageman factor: evidence that activated Hageman factor in turn activates plasma thromboplastin antecedent.

Hageman factor is a component of normal plasma which participates in the early stages of blood coagulation (1). In freshly drawn blood, Hageman factor seems to be inactive, but contact with glass or certain other adsorbents changes it to an active form (2-8). The specific function of this activated Hageman factor has been puzzling. Several investigators have proposed that it reacts with a second clotting factor-plasma thromboplastin antecedent-to produce a clotpromoting substance (5, 9-12). In turn, the function of this clot-promoting substance remains to be explained, although its interaction with Christmas factor has been suspected (11, 13). In the present study, techniques are described for preparing Hageman factor and plasma thromboplastin antecedent, each apparently deficient in other recognized clotting factors. The availability of these fractions has made it possible to examine their interaction. Evidence will be presented that activated Hageman factor converts plasma thromboplastin antecedent into a clot-promoting substance-activated plasma thromboplastin antecedent-by an enzymatic process. In turn, the clot-promoting substance probably acts enzymatically, although its substrate is not yet defined.
A direct comparison of the efficacy of antihistamines in SAR and PAR: randomised, placebo-controlled studies with levocetirizine and loratadine using an environmental exposure unit – the Vienna Challenge Chamber (VCC)

SUMMARY Objective: The Vienna Challenge Chamber (VCC) is an established method for the controlled exposure of patients to specific allergens, used to make valid comparisons between antihistamines. The aim of the two placebo-controlled, randomised studies reported here was to compare the efficacy and safety of levocetirizine 5 mg od and loratadine 10 mg od in subjects suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) or perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). Subjects and methods: During each study period, SAR and PAR subjects were exposed to grass pollen or house-dust mite allergens, respectively for 6 h on 2 consecutive days in the VCC. Each day, medications were administered 2 h after the start of the challenge; with a washout of at least 5 days between each period. The main criterion for evaluation of efficacy was the major symptom complex (MSC) for SAR and the complex symptom score (CSS) for PAR. Results: The pattern of patients’ response was similar in SAR and PAR. Both levocetirizine and loratadine were superior to placebo in alleviating SAR and PAR symptoms at all time intervals evaluated during the two study days. Levocetirizine decreased the mean MSC score significantly more than loratadine at all time intervals in SAR subjects, with the most marked difference observed on day 2 ( p = 0.002). In PAR patients, although with borderline significance ( p = 0.08), levocetirizine decreased the mean CSS more than loratadine. Levocetirizine appeared to have a faster onset of action than loratadine in SAR (45 min versus 1 h 15 min) and PAR (1 h versus 1 h 30 min). However, these apparent differences were not tested for statistical significance. Both medications were well tolerated and no treatment-related adverse events were reported. This level of antihistamine efficacy was maintained regardless of whether the subjects’ rhinitis was seasonal or perennial. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that levocetirizine is superior to loratadine in improving symptoms in SAR and that there is a similar trend in PAR.
Inhibition of presynaptic calcium transients in cortical inputs to the dorsolateral striatum by metabotropic GABAB and mGlu2/3 receptors

Plastic changes at cortical inputs to the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) underlie skill learning and habit formation, so characterizing the mechanisms by which these inputs are regulated is important for understanding the neural basis of action control. We developed a novel approach using the genetically encoded calcium (Ca2+) indicator GCaMP6 and brain slice photometry to assess evoked presynaptic Ca2+ transients in cortical inputs to the DLS and study their regulation by GABAB and mGlu2/3 receptors. GABAB and mGlu2/3 receptor activation caused clear reductions in electrical stimulus‐evoked presynaptic Ca2+ transients in corticostriatal inputs to the DLS. Functional P/Q‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels were required for the normal inhibitory action of corticostriatal mGlu2/3 receptors. We provide direct evidence of presynaptic Ca2+ inhibition by G protein‐coupled receptors at corticostriatal projections.
Regarding Mediterranean diet and magnetic resonance imaging–assessed cerebrovascular disease

We have read the article ‘‘Mediterranean Diet and Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Assessed Cerebrovascular Disease’’ by Scarmeas et al, and from our point of view and based on our clinical experiences, there are some points that should be illuminated. Scarmeas and colleagues carried out a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of 707 individuals aged >65 years whose dietary habits they have followed for a mean period of 5.8 years. The candidates were divided into 3 groups depending on their compliance with the Mediterranean diet (MeDi; low tertile, MeDI score 0–3; middle, MeDi score 3–6; high, MeDi score 6–9). The individuals included in the study were evaluated in accordance with 4 models. Model 1 is unadjusted. Model 2 is adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, apolipoprotein E genotype, caloric intake, body mass index, and duration between diet evaluation and MRI. Model 3 is adjusted for all variables of model 2 plus the following additional variables: smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Model 4 is adjusted for all variables of model 3 plus the following additional vascular variables; plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein. Many different parameters that might affect MRI infarction load were successfully addressed, and their effects were presented with statistical data. It is known that some groups of drugs that are not included in the parameters, but can be highly important for the study, can impact the infarction load. Given the age groups of the participants in the study and their accompanying diseases, there is an increased possibility that the drugs in these groups are used. These groups of medications that can affect risk factors and change the infarction load in MRI include antithrombotic, antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic agents. The use of these medications makes it possible to fight off diseases like diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, dyslipidemia, and heart diseases, which pose definite and changeable risk factors for a stroke. It is clear that this situation will influence the incidence of a cerebral infarction. Data obtained from this study, where risk factors associated with the development of a cerebral infarction are presented in relation to MeDi, shed light upon the literature. I wonder what Scarmeas and colleagues think about the extent to which the use of drugs that reduce the risk factors for the development of a cerebral infarction was present in the participants in their study and what the implications of this are for the results of the study.
Stochastic Composite Least-Squares Regression with Convergence Rate $O(1/n)$

We consider the minimization of composite objective functions composed of the expectation of quadratic functions and an arbitrary convex function. We study the stochastic dual averaging algorithm with a constant step-size, showing that it leads to a convergence rate of O(1/n) without strong convexity assumptions. This thus extends earlier results on least-squares regression with the Euclidean geometry to (a) all convex regularizers and constraints, and (b) all geome-tries represented by a Bregman divergence. This is achieved by a new proof technique that relates stochastic and deterministic recursions.
Current practices used for the prevention of central venous catheter‐associated infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: a survey from the Infectious Diseases Working Party and Nurses' Group of EBMT

Central line‐associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is one of the most common infectious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To prevent this complication, international guidelines recommend the implementation of the CLABSI ‘prevention bundle’ consisting of hand hygiene, full barrier precautions, cleaning the insertion site with chlorhexidine, avoiding femoral sites for insertion, and removing unnecessary catheters. The aim of this survey was to analyze to what extent European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) centers have included the CLABSI prevention bundle in practice.
Azelaic acid reduced senescence‐like phenotype in photo‐irradiated human dermal fibroblasts: possible implication of PPARγ

Azelaic acid (AzA) has been used for the treatment for inflammatory skin diseases, such as acne and rosacea. Interestingly, an improvement in skin texture has been observed after long‐time treatment with AzA. We previously unrevealed that anti‐inflammatory activity of AzA involves a specific activation of PPARγ, a nuclear receptor that plays a relevant role in inflammation and even in ageing processes. As rosacea has been considered as a photo‐aggravated disease, we investigated the ability of AzA to counteract stress‐induced premature cell senescence (SIPS). We employed a SIPS model based on single exposure of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to UVA and 8‐methoxypsoralen (PUVA), previously reported to activate a senescence‐like phenotype, including long‐term growth arrest, flattened morphology and increased synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal). We found that PUVA‐treated HDFs grown in the presence of AzA maintained their morphology and reduced MMP‐1 release and SA‐β‐galactosidase‐positive cells. Moreover, AzA induced a reduction in ROS generation, an up‐modulation of antioxidant enzymes and a decrease in cell membrane lipid damages in PUVA‐treated HDFs. Further evidences of AzA anti‐senescence effect were repression of p53 and p21, increase in type I pro‐collagen and abrogation of the enhanced expression of growth factors, such as HGF and SCF. Interestingly, PUVA‐SIPS showed a decreased activation of PPARγ and AzA counteracted this effect, suggesting that AzA effect involves PPARγ modulation. All together these data showed that AzA interferes with PUVA‐induced senescence‐like phenotype and its ability to activate PPAR‐γ provides relevant insights into the anti‐senescence mechanism.
Radiologic manipulation of dislodged Tenckhoff dialysis catheters.

Tenckhoff peritoneal dialysis catheters occasionally become dislodged and are inefficient for dialysis. These can be successfully manipulated under radiologic control with an initial success rate in this series of 88% (15 of 17 manipulations) and a long term success in 9 of 17, or 53%.
Adequacy of Dialysis in the Acute Renal Failure of the Critically ILL: The Case for Continuous Therapies

The importance of adequate dialysis in patients with end-stage renal failure is widely recognized. It has now been analyzed by multiple studies and reviewed by a number of papers and editorials (1-7). In particular, despite a long standing controversy about biochemical and clinical markers of physiologically adequate renal replacement therapy in such patients (8-22), it is widely accepted that the issue has important clinical repercussions and deserves much laboratory research and attention in clinical practice (1, 2, 4, 6). It is, therefore, somewhat curious that very little attention has been paid to the concept of "adequacy of dialysis" in acute renal failure patients. It is also disappointing that almost no attention at all has been paid to this issue where it is likely to matter most: the intensive care unit. In the following discussion, it will be argued that the concept of adequacy of dialysis for critically ill patients with acute renal failure is pivotal to the choice and application of renal replacement therapy. It will also be argued that "adequacy of dialysis" in the critically ill is determined by a number of variables which range from blood biochemistry to nutrition, from hemodynamics to biocompatibility, and that more laboratory and clinical research should be devoted to its definition and to the consequences of its pursuit in clinical practice.
Ceftriaxone-induced Neurotoxicity in a Patient after Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation

Ceftriaxone is a widely used third-generation cephalosporin showing advantageous pharmacokinetic properties and a broad antimicrobial spectrum. We herein report a case of ceftriaxone-induced neurotoxicity in a 56-year-old man on hemodialysis. Seven days after initiating high-dose ceftriaxone, the patient developed impaired consciousness along with facial myoclonus and sporadic phonation. The symptoms clearly disappeared shortly after withdrawal of the drug. Ceftriaxone is considered a safe antibiotic for patients with renal insufficiency, since it is excreted via both haptic and renal pathways. Physicians should note that antibiotic-associated encephalopathy may develop in patients administered ceftriaxone, especially in those complicated with renal dysfunction.
Testing Repeatability and Error of Coordinate Landmark Data Acquired from Crania *

Abstract: This study evaluates issues of precision, repeatability, and validation in three‐dimensional (3D) landmark coordinates. Two observers collected 19 homologous cranial landmarks from three skulls during three separate digitizing sessions. Statistical analysis was conducted on the 171 interlandmark distances (ILDs) derived from the original coordinate data. A mixed model ANOVA detected significant within‐subject error in 54 of the 171 ILDs (i.e., 32%). A GLM procedure revealed significant between‐observer variation in 14 ILDs and significant observer‐by‐session differences in 13 ILDs. The majority of these differences involved ILDs with type 3 landmarks as endpoints, such as euryon and alare. Unlike type 1 and 2 landmarks which are biologically informative in all directions, type 3 landmarks contain a substantial arbitrary component. Thus, it is not surprising type 3 landmarks displayed significant digitizing error. Given these results, we caution researchers to be mindful of type 3 landmarks measurement discrepancies when selecting landmarks for coordinate data evaluation.
Visual memory for features, conjunctions, objects, and locations

In her Multiple-Entry, Modular Memory (MEM) model on human cognition, Marcia Johnson differentiated perceptual subsystems that interact directly with the external environment and reflective subsystems that operate in the absence of external input (Johnson, 1992). Visual memory is an example of processes that are situated at the border between these two. Short-term visual memory directly bridges visual perception with conceptual representation. It is abstracted from visual perception yet operates on perceptual input and retains many properties of visual objects including size, color, orientation, number, and spatial layout. Short-term visual memory can result from active encoding and retention of information in visual working memory (Phillips, 1974), or as a by-product of perceptual analysis of a previous trial event (Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994, 1996). In either case, content previously stored in short-term memory may remain in long-term visual memory (Hollingworth, 2005), and both short-term and long-term visual memory can be used explicitly or implicitly to guide future visual processing (Brockmole & Henderson, 2006a, 2006b; Chun & Jiang, 1998; Downing, 2000; Vickery, King, & Jiang, 2005). The goal of this chapter is to provide a synthesis of visual memory for different visual attributes.