Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facile Postsynthesis of N-Doped TiO2-SBA-15 and Its Photocatalytic Activity

N-doped TiO2-SBA-15 (denoted as N-TiO2-SBA-15) material has been successfully synthesized by a two-step procedure. Firstly, TiO2-SBA-15 was prepared by impregnating tetraisopropyl orthotitanate on SBA-15 and followed by calcination at 550°C. In the second step, TiO2-SBA-15 was modified by doping nitrogen with the assistance of urea. The resulting material, N-TiO2-SBA-15, was characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, N2 adsorption/desorption at 77 K, DR UV-Vis, and XPS. The results showed that N-TiO2-SBA-15 material maintains its ordered hexagonal mesostructure and exhibits the absorption of visible region. The photocatalytic activity of N-TiO2-SBA-15 sample was evaluated by the photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light.
Computational modelling of concrete behaviour under static and dynamic conditions

The paper presents results of FE simulations of the concrete behaviour under quasi-static and dynamic loading. For quasi-static cyclic analyses, an enhanced coupled elasto-plastic-damage constitutive model has been used. To take the eﬀect of the loading velocity into account, viscous and inertial terms have been also included. To ensure the mesh-independence and to properly reproduce strain localization in the entire range of strain rates, a constitutive formulation has been enhanced by a characteristic length of micro-structure by means of a non-local theory. Numerical results have been compared with some corresponding laboratory tests.
Seasonal variations of host resources influence foraging strategy in parasitoids

Many species have to cope with decreased resource availability and life expectancy during winter. The optimal foraging theory predicts that under these conditions, generalist foraging strategies should be favoured, via the acceptance of suboptimal resources. In contrast, during favourable seasons, specialist foraging strategies, i.e., a preferential consumption of the most profitable resources, should be favoured instead. Although spatial and fine‐scale temporal dimensions of the influence of resource distribution on foraging strategies have long been studied in individual species, guild‐level, large‐scale temporal approaches (over multiple seasons) have rarely been considered. Parasitoids that can remain active during winter are an interesting model system which allows direct testing of resource profitability and reaching conclusions about foraging strategies from an evolutionary point of view. Here, we analysed how temporal variations of host resource availability in northwestern France impact the foraging strategies of parasitoid wasps. The foraging behaviours of dominant cereal aphid parasitoid species in relation to the two most abundant aphid host species were observed in winter and in spring. Because of a seasonal change in the host–parasitoid community and of a few species present in the fields each season, we were unable to confirm our hypothesis at the species level for all the studied species. Nevertheless, this study brought results consistent with our assumptions at the guild level, indicating that different species of a guild favour similar foraging strategies. In winter, female parasitoids generally adopted an opportunistic strategy, accepting all aphid hosts encountered, even if they were suboptimal. In spring, parasitoids displayed a specialist strategy by selecting preferentially a host species, but the better quality of preferentially selected species remains to be fully demonstrated.
COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF PROPOFOL INJECTION PAI N WITH TWO DIFFERENT DOSES OF FENTANYL IN FENTANYL-PROPOFOL MI XTURE

NAGHAM HASHIM, JAAFER H. MAHBUBA & NOOR ALI 1, 2 Specialist Anesthesia, M.B. Ch.B. /D. A/F.I.C.M.S., Erbil, Iraq 3 Consultant Anesthesia, M.B. Ch.B. /D. A/F.I.C.M.S./C. A.B A. /I.C, M. B. Ch. B. , Erbil, Iraq ABSTRACT Propofol injection pain is a common problem in anes thesia induction that can be very distressing for p atients, so the aim is to compare between two different dose s of fentanyl in reducing propofol injection pain. The study was carried out in 90 patients ASA I-II, scheduled to u ndergo elective surgery over a period of 4 months ( from the beginning of June 2016 to the end of September 2016), all of them aged between 19-65 years. Patients were divide d nto one of the three groups of 30 patients for each group, group C (control) received propofol only, groupM1 received a mixture of fentanyl (100 μg) and propofol (200 mg). And groupM2 received a mi xture of fentanyl (200 μg) and propofol (200 mg). After 10 second of medication, a standard question about the comfort of the injection was asked of the patient. We used a verbal rating scale (VRS) to evaluate propofol inje ction pain.
Gametophyte development and reproduction of Argyrochosma nivea (Pteridaceae)

The gametophyte of Argyroschosma nivea was studied, mainly focusing in its morphological development, and in the apogamous production of sporophytes. Some observations on the spores were also made. As far as it is known, this is the second species of the genus whose gametophytes are studied. The germination pattern followed the Vittaria type. The subsequent developmental processes followed the Ceratopteris type. Some of the gametophytes reached an adult stage with a cordate, symmetric shape, but most of them developed as irregular, lobed prothalli. The sporophyte emerged from the anterior part of the prothallus, without formation of gametangia. First, a cell became active and originated a proliferating area of small cells. From this area, long glandular hairs were formed followed by a projected conical cluster of cells. The cluster elongated into a sporophytic structure and its apex became progressively spatulate and finally trilobulate, with marginal, glandular hairs, stomata and tracheids continuously produced. This sporophyte secreted granules of white farina from its beginnings. The production of farina in the sporophyte but not in the gametophyte could help to support the idea of the segregation of this species from its traditional location in Notholaena to Argyrochosma, as farinose gametophytes seem to be a synapomorphy of the notholenoids, group that includes Notholaena but not Argyroschoma.
Super Resolution from a Single Image based on Total Variation Regularization

In this paper, we propose an approach to generate super-resolution from a single image using iterative total variation regularization. During iterations, multiple pre-defined regulation parameters generate images representing skeletons and textures resulted by subtracting the original from the corresponding skeletons. We create a hybrid texture from the resulted textures and eliminate its non-edge regions to generate a high-resolution magnified image. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach generates magnified images with fined textures over the existing methods.
Hydrate dissolution as a potential mechanism for pockmark formation in the Niger delta

Received 17 February 2010; accepted 9 March 2010; published 11 August 2010. [1] Based on acquired geophysical, geological and geotechnical data and modeling, we suggest hydrate dissolution to cause sediment collapse and pockmark formation in the Niger delta. Very high‐resolution bathymetry data acquired from the Niger delta reveal the morphology of pockmarks with different shapes and sizes going from a small ring depression surrounding an irregular floor to more typical pockmarks with uniform depression. Geophysical data, in situ piezocone measurements, piezometer measurements and sediment cores demonstrate the presence of a common internal architecture of the studied pockmarks: inner sediments rich in gas hydrates surrounded by overpressured sediments. The temperature, pressure and salinity conditions of the studied area have allowed us to exclude the process of gas‐hydrate dissociation (gas hydrate turns into free gas/water mixture) as a trigger of the observed pockmarks. Based on numerical modeling, we demonstrate that gas‐hydrate dissolution (gas hydrate becomes mixture of water and dissolved gas) under a local decrease of the gas concentration at the base of the gas‐hydrate occurrence zone (GHOZ) can explain the excess pore pressure and fluid flow surrounding the central hydrated area and the sediment collapse at the border of the GHOZ. The different deformation (or development) stages of the detected pockmarks confirm that a local process such as the amount of gas flow through faults rather than a regional one is at the origin of those depressions.
Validity of Pelodiscus parviformis (Testudines: Trionychidae) Inferred from Molecular and Morphological Analyses

The validity of Pelodiscus parviformis within the genus is still not very clear. In this study, molecular and morphological data were combined to evaluate the validity of P. parviformis. The phylogeny of some species in Pelo- discus was reconstructed by maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses based on five mitochondria DNA fragments (5308 bp of 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, ND4, CO1 and Cyt b). The results of ML, MP and Bayesian analyses suggest that P. parviformis might be paraphyletic to P. sinensis, whereas the partitioned Bayesian analyses support the reciprocal monophyly of P. parviformis and P. sinensis. Considering the advantages of heteroge- nous characteristics of sequence evolution, we choose the result of partitioned Bayesian analyses. Furthermore, the mor- phological data lend support the distinct species status of P. parviformis and P. sinensis, such as tubercles on carapace skin, color of plastron skin, dark spots on plastron, basisphenoid characteristics (ratio of the smallest width to the largest width; the smallest width of basisphenoid is restrained by two holes on each side) and the shape of entoplastron. Com- bining the molecular and morphological data, we inferred that P. parviformis is a valid species. In addition, the results of this study suggest a new record of P. axenaria in Guangxi, China.
Cornwallis Island Devon Island Somerset Island Barrow Strait W ellington Channel Peel Sound Prince of Wales Island Bathurst Island • Resolute

Melt pond formation is a common feature of spring and summer Arctic sea ice, but the role and impact of sea ice melt and pond formation on both the direction and size of CO2 fluxes between air and sea is still unknown. Here we report on the CO2–carbonate chemistry of melting sea ice, melt ponds and the underlying seawater as well as CO2 fluxes at the surface of first-year landfast sea ice in the Resolute Passage, Nunavut, in June 2012. Early in the melt season, the increase in ice temperature and the subsequent decrease in bulk ice salinity promote a strong decrease of the total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) within the bulk sea ice and the brine. As sea ice melt progresses, melt ponds form, mainly from melted snow, leading to a low in situ melt pond pCO2 (36 μatm). The percolation of this low salinity and low pCO2 meltwater into the sea ice matrix decreased the brine salinity, TA and TCO2, and lowered the in situ brine pCO2 (to 20 μatm). This initial low in situ pCO2 observed in brine and melt ponds results in air–ice CO2 fluxes ranging between −0.04 and −5.4 mmolm day (negative sign for fluxes from the atmosphere into the ocean). As melt ponds strive to reach pCO2 equilibrium with the atmosphere, their in situ pCO2 increases (up to 380 μatm) with time and the percolation of this relatively high concentration pCO2 meltwater increases the in situ brine pCO2 within the sea ice matrix as the melt season progresses. As the melt pond pCO2 increases, the uptake of atmospheric CO2 becomes less significant. However, since melt ponds are continuously supplied by meltwater, their in situ pCO2 remains undersaturated with respect to the atmosphere, promoting a continuous but moderate uptake of CO2 (∼−1 mmolm −2 day) into the ocean. Considering the Arctic seasonal sea ice extent during the melt period (90 days), we estimate an uptake of atmospheric CO2 of −10.4 Tg of Cyr. This represents an additional uptake of CO2 associated with Arctic sea ice that needs to be further explored and considered in the estimation of the Arctic Ocean’s overall CO2 budget.
Development of a trauma based continuing care model for enhancing care outcomes in social unrest area: A case study

Background: Improving care outcomes in trauma patients is regarded as important and linked to an appropriate model of care particularly in social unrest area where there are limited resources and accessibility after discharge. To facilitate prompt management to improve patient recovery or quality of life and decrease some complications, a specific model of continuing care for those trauma survivors is required. Objective: This participatory action research (PAR) aimed to develop the trauma-based continuing care model (TCCM) for enhancing care outcomes in trauma patients affected from Social Unrest area. Method: A three-phase of PAR design was implemented with stakeholders in both hospital and community services related to care for trauma survivors and their families. In the first phase, 11 trauma survivors were interviewed and 3 focus group discussions with nurses and related health care staff were conducted to identify existing systems and problems encountered. The second phase consisted of two workshops, involving 20 key informants and allied health staff for the purpose of developing the model. The final phase evaluated the initial effects of the model after implementing with 20 patients by measuring the care process and outcomes such as nurses’satisfaction, patients’quality of life, patients’self care ability, caregivers’ ability to care. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for care outcomes and content analysis for the care process. Result: The model consisted of a) trauma-care process through a trauma nurse-initiated discharge planning program b) patient-family follow up. With the PAR process, the following steps included 1) preparing the multidisciplinary health care team including patient and family caregivers, 2) organizing the system, identifying individual role and function for continuing care, and 3) collaborating with community support network for patient and family management. The main strategies to drive all process were teamwork involvement, care coordination, and staff education. The model could enhance both health care staff and family caregivers in providing better care. In this study, most patients were able to manage themselves. Twenty patients and 10 family caregivers were satisfied with the care process and obtained better outcomes regarding health status and quality of life. In addition, the developed trauma nurse-initiated discharge planning program was also discussed for further implication. Conclusion: The key success was derived from trauma nurse-initiated discharge planning process and collaborating with community support network. To enhance the sustainability of the model, care managed by enhancing networking of community nurse, patient and family after discharge needs to be further explored.
On sensitivity of mixing times and cutoff

A sequence of chains exhibits (total-variation) cutoff (resp., pre-cutoff) if for all $0<\epsilon< 1/2$, the ratio $t_{\mathrm{mix}}^{(n)}(\epsilon)/t_{\mathrm{mix}}^{(n)}(1-\epsilon)$ tends to 1 as $n \to \infty $ (resp., the $\limsup$ of this ratio is bounded uniformly in $\epsilon$), where $t_{\mathrm{mix}}^{(n)}(\epsilon)$ is the $\epsilon$-total-variation mixing-time of the $n$th chain in the sequence. We construct a sequence of bounded degree graphs $G_n$, such that the lazy simple random walks (LSRW) on $G_n$ satisfy the "product condition" $\mathrm{gap}(G_n) t_{\mathrm{mix}}^{(n)}(\epsilon) \to \infty $ as $n \to \infty$, where $\mathrm{gap}(G_n)$ is the spectral gap of the LSRW on $G_n$ (a known necessary condition for pre-cutoff that is often sufficient for cutoff), yet this sequence does not exhibit pre-cutoff. Recently, Chen and Saloff-Coste showed that total-variation cutoff is equivalent for the sequences of continuous-time and lazy versions of some given sequence of chains. Surprisingly, we show that this is false when considering separation cutoff. We also construct a sequence of bounded degree graphs $G_n=(V_{n},E_{n})$ that does not exhibit cutoff, for which a certain bounded perturbation of the edge weights leads to cutoff and increases the order of the mixing-time by an optimal factor of $\Theta (\log |V_n|)$. Similarly, we also show that "lumping" states together may increase the order of the mixing-time by an optimal factor of $\Theta (\log |V_n|)$. This gives a negative answer to a question asked by Aldous and Fill.
Low-temperature diagenetic illite-smectite in Lower Cambrian clays in North Estonia

Abstract Early Cambrian sediments on the East European platform in North Estonia, represented mostly by clays and silty clays, were deposited under normal marine conditions. The sediments were never affected by significant tectonic or thermal events after sedimentation 530 Ma ago, and the clays still have high water contents. The clay fraction, divided into four sub-fractions, was studied using X-ray methods and Rb/Sr dating. Decomposition of the XRD curves was used to quantify the amounts of illitic minerals in the sub-fractions. Dating by Rb/Sr showed that the finest fraction (<0.06 μm) was formed 50-150 Ma after sedimentation. The coarser fractions also contain considerable amounts of diagenetically formed minerals. This shows that neoformation of illitic minerals in marine sediments with high water/sediment ratios is a very important process even at temperatures <35°C.
Risk disclosure during the global financial crisis

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine voluntary risk disclosures within annual reports in four key South-East Asian countries' (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia) manufacturing listed companies over the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) 2007-2009 financial years. Design/methodology/approach - Longitudinal and cross-country analyses test the veracity of agency theory to predict the level of firms' risk disclosures. A comprehensive risk disclosure index (RDI) checklist is created with key predictor variables (country, company size, managerial ownership and board independence) tested to explain the dissemination of CSR information over time. Findings - The findings show that the communication of risk data stays relatively consistent (26-29 per cent across the three GFC “crisis” years). This is arguably a low level of communication from a social responsibility corporate lens. Multiple regression analysis provides evidence that country, size and board independence are positively significantly associated and leverage is negatively significantly associated with the extent of voluntary risk disclosure. Interestingly, Indonesia, the least developed country with arguably the highest business risk factors, consistently has statistically lower levels of risk disclosure compared with their three neighbours. Research limitations/implications - The sample frame is selected from the stock exchange population of manufacturing companies in key South-East Asian countries. However, for complete generalization the findings should be tested in other countries and other industries. Practical implications - The study findings are useful for firm self-evaluation and benchmarking of risk communication by other corporations across countries. Social implications - The study shows relatively low levels of risk disclosure over the GFC crisis time period. Communication of these items are influenced by key firm characteristics and economic drivers. Arguably, higher risk disclosure leads to better understanding of a company's social responsibility stance. Originality/value - This is a critically important time span to investigate risk disclosures as it encompasses those years most directly impacted by the global financial crisis (GFC).
Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Calathus Bonelli ( Coleoptera : Carabidae : Sphodrini ) based on mitochondrial cox 1 – cox 2 sequences

The current subgeneric taxonomy of the genus Calathus is revised according to cox1–cox2 mitochondrial sequences of 44 species representing six subgenera. The subgenus Calathus s. str. was found to be monophyletic, but the subgenus Neocalathus is clearly polyphyletic and should be split into two or more subgenera. The monotypic subgenus Bedelinus appears in an isolated clade. The recent placement of C. rotundatus within the new subgenus Iberocalathus is supported by molecular data, what makes the subgenus Amphigynus to include only the type species C. rotundicollis. The species of the C. granatensis group are within the sister clade of the subgenus Calathus and should be included in a separate subgenus. Finally, the Canarian subgenera Lauricalathus and Trichocalathus are not well differentiated and do not seem to be monophyletic taxa, which suggests the need for a detailed revision.
Neutrino emission from Cooper pairs at finite temperatures

A brief review is given of the current state of the problem of neutrino pair emission through neutral weak currents caused by the Cooper pairs breaking and formation (PBF) in superfluid baryon matter at thermal equilibrium. The cases of singlet-state pairing with isotropic superfluid gap and spin-triplet pairing with anisotropic gap are analyzed with allowance for the anomalous weak interactions caused by superfluidity. It is shown that taking into account the anomalous weak interactions in both the vector and axial channels is very important for a correct description of neutrino energy losses through the PBF processes. The anomalous contributions lead to an almost complete suppression of the PBF neutrino emission in spin-singlet superfluids and strong reduction of the PBF neutrino losses in the spin-triplet superfluid neutron matter, which considerably slows down the cooling rate of neutron stars with superfluid cores.
Study of Right Ventricular Pacing Threshold at National Teaching Hospital of Cotonou in Benin

The main purpose was to study the right ventricular pacing threshold of patients who benefit from cardiac pacemaker’s implantation at the National Teaching Hospital of Cotonou in Benin. This was a retrospective study from January 2007 to September 2013. The right ventricular pacing threshold measured during successive checks has been studied. A threshold greater than 1 volt was considered high. The conventional causes of threshold’s rising were sought. 35 files were examined. The average threshold of our patients amounted to 1.24 ± 1.17 volts at the first control and remained high until the end of follow-up. The prevalence of threshold elevation was 17% (6/35). The causes of threshold elevation were: late displacement of the lead (1 case), faulty lead (1 case), and suspected lead’s micro dislodgment (1 case). There was no formal etiology found for 3 cases. Half of threshold elevation cases involved a problem of pacing lead. Similar findings have been reported by previous studies. This study has confirmed that threshold elevation mainly involved pacemaker lead. The premature need to change the pacemaker caused by this elevation has considerable consequences in a Beninese local context marked the lack of governmental facilities.