Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Addition Effect of Seed-associated or Free Linseed Oil on the Formation of cis-9, trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Octadecenoic Acid by Ruminal Bacteria In Vitro

The effects of seed-associated or free linseed oil on fermentation characteristics and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids composition, especially the formation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and octadecenoic acid (trans-11 C 1 8 : 1 , t-C 1 8 : 1 ) by mixed ruminal bacteria were examined in vitro. Concentrate (1% of culture solution, w/v, as-fed basis) with ground linseed (0.6% of culture solution, w/v, DM basis) or linseed oil as absorbed onto ground alfalfa hay was added to 600 ml mixed solution consisting of strained rumen fluid and artificial saliva at the ratio of 1:1 in a glass culture jar. The culture jar was covered with a glass lid with stirrer, and placed into a water-bath (39°C) and incubated anaerobically up to 24 h. Seed-associated or free linseed oil did not significantly affect the pH and ammonia concentration in the culture solution. Molar percent of acetate tended to increase while that of propionate decreased with the addition of free oil treatment throughout the incubation. Differences in bacterial number were relatively small, regardless of the form of supplements. Decreasing trends in the compositions of linoleic acid (C 1 8 : 2 ) and linolenic acid (C 1 8 : 3 ) but increasing trends of stearic acid (C 1 8 : 0 ), t-C 1 8 : 1 and CLA compositions were found from culture contents up to 12h incubation when incubated with both ground linseed and linseed oil. The compositions of C 1 8 : 0 , C 1 8 : 2 and C 1 8 : 3 were greater but those of oleic acid (C 1 8 : 1 ), t-C 1 8 : 1 and CLA were smaller in a culture solution containing ground linseed than those containing linseed oil. The ratio of t-C 1 8 : 1 to CLA was lower in the culture solutions containing linseed oil up to 12h incubations as compared to those containing ground linseed.
PERCEIVED RISK, FEELINGS OF SAFETY AND WORRY ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT TRAVEL MODES. PILOT STUDY

The main objective was to study how perceived accident risk and risk of violence are related to feelings of safety and worry associated with different transport modes (car, taxi, city bus, regional bus, train, ferry and aeroplane). Another aim was to study how individual differences (such as age, sex, the extent to which individuals use different travel modes, personal experience of accidents and violence situations and how individuals perceive themselves) might affect these relationships. A questionnaire was constructed for these purposes and was filled out by 100 respondents. The results showed that there were differences between the respondents perceptions of accident risk, risk of violence and feelings of safety, as well as differences between the different transport modes. Car received higher ratings of accident risk than the remaining transport modes, whereas city bus and ferry received the highest ratings of risk of violence. The participants seemed to have fairly good idea of the internal rank order of the transport modes with respect to accident risk, whereas they seemed less aware of the actual size of the differences between the different transport modes. The ratings of feelings of safety and worry were found to be quite similar. Finally, individual differences, such as age and sex, seemed to have some effects on the perceptions of risks and feelings of safety. (A)
Three new species of Leptographium from pine

Leptographium species are common inhabitants of fresh conifer logs and lumber that are known for their ability to cause blue-stain and, in some cases, their association with disease. L. procerum has been associated with a root disease although controversy surrounds its role in tree death. During the course of the past two decades, a relatively large number of isolates tentatively identified as L. procerum have been collected in various parts of the world. Some of these display morphological characters unlike those of L. procerum s. str. and this has prompted us to re-examine them. Four groups of morphologically distinct isolates were identified, of which L. procerum s. str. represented one. The remaining isolates of Leptographium are newly described as L. alethinum, L. pityophilum and L. euphyes spp. nov.
POSTFIRE ALTERATIONS OF CARBON BALANCE IN TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS: POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

The adaptation of tundra ecosystems to warming will involve losses of carbon from storage. There are two main mechanisms of carbon cycle change. The first one is related to adaptive alterations in ecosystem respiration and production. The second one is connected with fires, which are more likely under global warming. In this context, three ecosystems were investigated in the summer of 1996 in north-eastern European Russia: (a) undisturbed dwarf-shrub moss-lichen tundra; (b) site burned in 1994; (c) site burned in 1988. Total carbon pool in (a) was estimated at 5.87 kgC¥m -2 . Site (b) had 67% and site (c) about 70% of that amount. The net carbon flux at site (a) was +13.7 gC¥m -2 ¥. day -1 (carbon source), at sites (b) and (c) -2.7 and -35.2 gC ¥m -2 ¥. day -1 , respectively (carbon sink). The restoration period of the carbon pool is estimated at 60 years.
Effect of Wind Tunnel Air Velocity on VOC Flux from Standard Solutions and CAFO Manure/Wastewater

Researchers and practitioners have used wind tunnels and flux chambers to quantify the flux of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide and estimate emission factors from animal feeding operations (AFOs) without accounting for effects of air velocity or sweep air flow rate. Laboratory experiments were conducted using a small rectangular wind tunnel (30.5 cm length, 15.2 cm width, 5.1 cm height). The objectives of the research were to (1) quantify the effect of wind velocity on VOC flux rates, (2) compare and contrast a two-film model with different wind speed corrections, and (3) provide insight into methods for either selecting appropriate wind tunnel velocities or conducting post-sampling wind velocity corrections to simulate field emission rates. Fluxes were measured on standard solutions and on manure/wastewater from beef cattle and dairy AFOs. Volumetric air exchange rates were varied between 0.6 and 44 exchanges per minute, corresponding to calculated longitudinal air velocities of 0.003 to 0.23 m s-1. Exhaust air was sampled using stainless steel sorbent tubes and analyzed for eleven volatile organic compounds comprised of seven volatile fatty acids (VFAs: acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, and hexanoic) and four heavier molecular weight semivolatile organic compounds (sVOCs: phenol, p-cresol, indole, and skatole) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Sulfur-containing VOCs were quantified using a portable total reduced sulfur meter. Flux rates for VOCs with small dimensionless Henry's law constants (i.e., those found at AFOs) increased with increasing air velocity. The two-film model with an experimentally derived reference gas-film transfer coefficient was found to reliably predict VOC flux at velocities between 0.003 and 0.23 m s-1. However, the two-film model did not reliably predict VOC flux with other air velocity correction formulae, an indication that flux is a function of wind tunnel geometry and turbulence factors, and not just average air velocity or sweep air flow rate. These results corroborate other studies that show that air velocity is a major factor affecting VOC fluxes from AFOs, verifying that an air velocity correction factor is required for estimating accurate VOC emission factors using wind tunnels and flux chambers.
HPLC analysis, anti-oxidant activity of Genista ferox and its anti-proliferative effect in HeLa cell line

The prevention and treatment of the cancer using plants have attracted increasing interest. The present study was aimed to determine the phenolic compounds of Genista ferox using HPLC-TOF/MS and the anti-oxidant acti-vity associated with anti-cancer activity against human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell line. Total anti-oxidant capacities of different extracts of G. ferox were assessed by DPPH assay, and their total phenolic and flavonoids contents measured by Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum trichloride assays. The amounts of total phenolic (105.2 ± 0.6 – 308.5 ± 5.7 mg/g) of extract measured as gallic acid equivalent and flavonoids (8.1 ± 0.1 – 124.0 ± 0.7 mg/g) of extract measured as quercetin equivalent varied from chloroform to n-butanol extract of the two parts of the plant (leaf and stem). The ethyl acetate extract of G. ferox exhibited the most powerful effect on the DPPH scavenging activity with 94% from the leaf and 93% from the stem, while the chloroform extract from the leaf exhibited the most effective anti-proliferative activity against HeLa cell lines. Video Clip of Methodology : 4 min 6 sec Full Screen Alternate
Cassane diterpenoids from Lonchocarpus laxiflorus

Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Lonchocarpus laxiflorus yielded three new cassane diterpenoids, lonchocassane A [cassa-13 (14), 15-dien-18, 20-dioic acid], lonchocassane B [cassa-13 (14), 15-dien-20-oxo-18-oic acid] and lonchocassane C [cassa-13 (14), 15-dien-20-carboxyl-18-methylcarboxylate]. The known compounds betulinic acid, betulinic acid acetate, betulin, lupeol, lupenone, trilinoleate, hexacosanyl and triacontanyl caffeates, 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol acetate and stigmasterol were also isolated. The structures and identities of the compounds were established by spectroscopic methods.
6 Space, Time and the Mountain - How Do We Order What We See?

The spatial and temporal scales of the principal perceived phenomena have severely constrained the development of geomorphology as a science. The scales of ordinary human perception at which nineteenth-century naturalists attempted to understand the landscape gave way only after about 1950 to the scales of classical mechanics. This chiefly meant constraining space scales to make them commensurable with observable time scales, so that the subject in recent decades has been dominated by considerations of 'dynamical' or 'process' geomorphology There has been no confrontation of the basic question of scales at which we may expect to observe consistent patterns in data, how these patterns may be expressed, and what - consequently - constitute useful modes of explanation. In this chapter, I attempt to develop this theme. I recognise four distinctive modes of theory construction. At small space and time scales, phenomena are recorded in sequences which describe very large numbers of characteristic events. Descriptions are statistical, and processes are considered to be stochastic. At the scales of classical mechanics, deterministic theories are sustainable. At still larger scales, system evolution reveals contingent endogenous effects which cannot be predicted, even though the system remains deterministic. Nonlinear dynamical models, expressing chaotic behaviour, are appropriate. At the largest scales of space and time, landscape evolution is entirely contingent, and we adopt a narrative, particularistic model of explanation. Each level of theory construction must be consistent with the others if the subject is to present a viable construction of nature, but it is not obvious that phenomena described at each scale can be derived from theory at different scales. Scales are relative and are set by the resolution of measurements and by material virtual velocities. At high frequencies and high resolution, it is not clear that all information possesses coherent patterns of geomorphological
Characterization of soil aggregate stability using low intensity ultrasonic vibrations

A b s t r a c t. Ultrasonic dispersion equipment has been developed to investigate soil aggregate stability. An ultrasonic probe was vibrating in water containing soil aggregates. Constant vibration amplitudes of 0.5, 1 and 2 mm were used in ultrasonic soil aggregate stability measurements. Ultrasonic power determined with an energy balance method was 0.7, 2.7 and 8.9 W for the three amplitudes. Vibration amplitudes were close to the cavitation limit of gas saturated deionized water, which was found at 0.5-0.6 mm measuring absorbance with diode array spectrophotometer. Cambisol and Chernozem from a long-term tillage experiment in Lower Austria were investigated. The treatments were conventional, reduced and no tillage. Dissolved organic carbon measured with ultrasonic extraction was higher in Cambisol than in Chernozem. Measuring soil aggregate stability according to DIN norm showed greater stability of Cambisol than of Chernozem, however, can hardly show influences of tillage. Ultrasonic soil aggregate stability showed greater stability of Cambisol. Additionally, the ultrasonic soil aggregate stability method can demonstrate significant influences of soil tillage on aggregate stability ie stability decreased from no tillage to reduce tillage and conventional tillage for both soils. Ultrasonic soil aggregate stability measurements correlated with total organic carbon content in aggregates. Total organic carbon content was greater in no tillage than in conventional tillage and larger in Cambisol than in highly degraded Chernozem. K e y w o r d s: soil aggregate stability, ultrasonic dispersion, cavitation limit, carbon distribution, tillage
Changing moods and influencing people: The use and effects of emotional influence behaviours at HMP Grendon.

This paper concerns a research study conducted at HMP Grendon examining the behaviours used by staff members and prisoners to influence each others? moods, referred to as emotional influence strategies. The use of emotional influence has been reported in other contexts (e.g., hospitals, support groups), and may have important outcomes including well-being and relationship qualities. This research provides the first investigation of emotional influence in a prison context, and regards the occurrence and effects of a set of specific emotional influence strategies. The current paper introduces the concept of emotional influence and highlights its relevance to the prison environment. The study is then briefly outlined, and some key findings are detailed. Potential implications of emotional influence in prisons such as HMP Grendon are outlined, in terms of interpersonal stressors, mutual caregiving, and building and maintaining positive working and therapeutic relationships. Future directions in terms of research and practicalinterventions are also discussed.
G R ] 1 4 M ay 2 01 8 On an open problem of Skiba ∗

Let σ = {σi|i ∈ I} be some partition of the set P of all primes, that is, P = ⋃ i∈I σi and σi ∩ σj = ∅ for all i 6= j. Let G be a finite group. A set H of subgroups of G is said to be a complete Hall σ-set of G if every non-identity member of H is a Hall σi-subgroup of G and H contains exactly one Hall σi-subgroup of G for every σi ∈ σ(G). G is said to be a σ-group if it possesses a complete Hall σ-set. A σ-group G is said to be σ-dispersive provided G has a normal series 1 = G1 < G2 < · · · < Gt < Gt+1 = G and a complete Hall σ-set {H1,H2, · · · ,Ht} such that GiHi = Gi+1 for all i = 1, 2, . t. In this paper, we give a characterizations of σ-dispersive group, which give a positive answer to an open problem of Skiba in the paper [1].
Counter Measures for Null Direction Propagation of Antennas in Tactical High Frequency Sky Wave Communication

In High Frequency (HF) communication, both sky wave and ground wave plays an important part. During a communication trial, it was observed that duplex communication was established over the range of 250 kilometers using dipole and rod antenna. There is null in the vertical direction of rod antenna and hence sky wave communication theoretically is not possible. Thus there is a need to study the radiation pattern in null direction as effect of main lobe is already known. This phenomenon needs to be understood so as to stop unintended transmission in the null direction. This paper describes the simulation of radiation pattern of HF antennas and proposes a hardware blocking model to stop them from emission in the null direction.
Autoregressive Statistical Modeling of a Peru Margin Multi-proxy Holocene Record Shows Correlation Not Causation, Flickering Regimes and Persistence

Correlation does not necessarily imply a causation, but in climatology and paleoclimatology, correlation is used to identify potential cause-and-effect relationships because linking mechanisms are difficult to observe. Confounding by an often unknown outside variable that drives the sets of observables is one of the major factors that lead to correlations that are not the result of causation. Here we show how autoregressive (AR) models can be used to examine lead-lag relationships—helpful in assessing cause and effect—of paleoclimate variables while addressing two other challenges that are often encountered in paleoclimate data: unevenly spaced data and switching between regimes at unknown times. Specifically, we analyze multiple paleoclimate proxies, sea surface temperature ( SST ), C 37 , $$ \delta^{15} N $$ δ 15 N , and %N from the central Peru margin to find their correlations and changes in their variability over the Holocene epoch. The four proxies are sampled at high-resolution from the same core but are not synchronously sampled at all possible locations. The multidimensional records are treated as evenly spaced data with missing values, and the missing values are filled by the Kalman filter expected values. We employ hidden Markov models (HMM) and autoregressive HMM (AR-HMM) to address the potential that the degree of variability and the correlations between these proxies change over time. The HMM, which is not autoregressive, shows instantaneous correlations between observables in two regimes. However, our investigation of lead-lag relationships using the AR-HMM shows that the cross-correlations do not indicate a causal link. Each of the four proxies has predictability on decadal timescales, but none of the proxies is a good predictor of any other proxy, so we hypothesize that a common unobserved variable—or a set of variables—is driving the instantaneous relationships among these four proxies. These findings suggest that the variability at this site is remotely driven by processes such as those causing the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), rather than locally driven by processes such as upwelling influences on temperature and vertical mixing of nutrients.
Physical Fitness Performance of Young Adults with and without Cognitive Impairments.

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the physical fitness performance of young adults with and without cognitive impairments. Participants were 75 young adults, including 41 without disabilities (23 females, 18 males; M of age = 21.88) and 34 with mild cognitive impairments (14 females, 20 males; M of age = 21.79). They received measures on seven test-items selected based The Brockport Physical Fitness Test, including 20-m pacer, curl-ups, flexed arm hang, skinfolds of triceps, skinfolds of calf, sit and reach with left leg, and sit and reach with right leg. A simple multivariable analysis (MANOVA) was used to analyze the differences on physical fitness test-items between participants with and without cognitive impairments. Results showed a significant difference (Wilks ̓Lambda = .21, F[7, 67] = 37.19, p = .00) between two groups. The follow-up tests also showed significant difference on all test-items but skinfolds of triceps and calf between two groups. These findings revealed that young adults with cognitive impairments showed lower fitness performance on cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, and range of motion than their normal peers.
POINT AVAILABILITY OF A WARM STAND-BY SYSTEM

We analyse the point availability of a duplex system characterized by warm stand-by and attended by 2 heterogeneous repairmen. In order to de- scribe the random behaviour of the engineering system, we employ a stochastic process endowed with time dependent transition measures satisfying (coupled) partial differential equations. The solution procedure is based on the theory of sectionally holomorphic functions combined with the notion of dual trans- forms. As an application, we consider the particular but important case of Erlang repair.
Classes of Ordinary Differential Equations Obtained for the Probability Functions of Half-Cauchy and Power Cauchy Distributions

In this paper, the differential calculus (product rule) was used to obtain some classes of ordinary differential equations (ODE) for the probability density function, quantile function, survival function, inverse survival function, hazard function and reversed hazard function of the half-Cauchy and power Cauchy distributions. The stated necessary conditions required for the existence of the ODEs are consistent with the various parameters that defined the distributions. Solutions of these ODEs by using numerous available methods are new ways of understanding the nature of the probability functions that characterize the distributions. The method can be extended to other probability distributions and can serve an alternative to approximation especially the cases of the quantile and inverse survival functions
Obliquely reflected Brownian motion in non-smooth planar domains

We construct obliquely reflected Brownian motions in all bounded simply connected planar domains, including non-smooth domains, with general reflection vector fields on the boundary. Conformal mappings and excursion theory are our main technical tools. A key intermediate step, which may be of independent interest, is an alternative characterization of reflected Brownian motions in smooth bounded planar domains with a given field of angles of oblique reflection on the boundary in terms of a pair of quantities, namely an integrable positive harmonic function, which represents the stationary distribution of the process, and a real number that represents, in a suitable sense, the asymptotic rate of rotation of the process around a reference point in the domain. Furthermore, we also show that any obliquely reflected Brownian motion in a simply connected Jordan domain can be obtained as a suitable limit of obliquely reflected Brownian motions in smooth domains.
LINE PROFILES OF CORES WITHIN CLUSTERS. II. SIGNATURES OF DYNAMICAL COLLAPSE DURING HIGH-MASS STAR FORMATION

Observations of atomic or molecular lines can provide important information about the physical state of star-forming regions. In order to investigate the line profiles from dynamical collapsing massive star-forming regions (MSFRs), we model the emission from hydrodynamic simulations of a collapsing cloud in the absence of outflows. By performing radiative transfer calculations, we compute the optically thick HCO+ and optically thin N2H+ line profiles from two collapsing regions at different epochs. Due to large-scale collapse, the MSFRs have large velocity gradients, reaching up to 20 km s−1 pc−1 across the central core. The optically thin lines typically contain multiple velocity components resulting from the superposition of numerous density peaks along the line of sight. The optically thick lines are only marginally shifted to the blue side of the optically thin line profiles, and frequently do not have a central depression in their profiles due to self-absorption. As the regions evolve, the lines become brighter and the optically thick lines become broader. The lower-order HCO+ (1–0) transitions are better indicators of collapse than the higher-order (4–3) transitions. We also investigate how the beam sizes affect profile shapes. Smaller beams lead to brighter and narrower lines that are more skewed to the blue in HCO+ relative to the true core velocity, but show multiple components in N2H+. High-resolution observations (e.g., with Atacama Large Millimeter Array) can test these predictions and provide insights into the nature of MSFRs.