Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticoccidial activity of Artemisinin and Extract of Artemesia annua leaves in chicken infected by Eimeria tenella

The continuous use of anticoccidial drug in chicken often continuously generates drug resistance and tissue residue; so thatconsequently, a safe alternative anticoccidial drug based on herb is fundamentally required. The aim of thise study was to examine anticcocidial activity of artemisinin and extract of Artemesia annua leaves in chicken infected by Eimeria tenella. A total of 35 chickens of Cobb strain was divided into seven groups with five replicates birds per group, i.e. uninfected chicken group (P I), infected but untreated chicken group (P II), infected and treated chicken group with 8.5 ppm, 17 ppm, 34 ppm, for P III, P IV and P V respectively, infected and treated chicken with 17 ppm of A. annua extract (P VI) and infected and treated chicken with Sulfa (P VII). All chicken, except the uninfected group, whereas infected with 2000 infective oocyst of E. tenella except the uninfected group. Treatment was delivered by oral, once per day for eight days. The criteria observed were clinical manifestation of chickens, number of oocyst in feces, body weight, cecal lesion score, haematocrit (packed cell volume) and haemoglobin value. The results showed that extract of A. annua leaves (P VI) was the most effective treatment to reduce the number of oocyst in feces (74.18%), followed by 34 ppm of artemisinin group (P VII). In addition, application of A. annua extract and artemisinin was significantly able to decreased the cecal lesion score (P 0.05), however A. annua extract and artemisinin treatments were significantly able to hold PCV value on normal level compared to P II and P IV (P<0.05). It concluded that extract A. annua leaves and artemisinin could be used an alternative anticoccidial in chickens.
Simvastatin inhibits interferon-gamma-induced MHC class II up-regulation in cultured astrocytes

Based on their potent anti-inflammatory properties and a preliminary clinical trial, statins (HMGCoA reductase inhibitors) are being studied as possible candidates for multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy. The pathogenesis of MS is unclear. One theory suggests that the development of autoimmune lesions in the central nervous system may be due to a failure of endogenous inhibitory control of MHC class II expression on astrocytes, allowing these cells to adapt an interferon (IFN)γ-induced antigen presenting phenotype. By using immunocytochemistry in cultured astrocytes derived from newborn Wistar rats we found that simvastatin at nanomolar concentrations inhibited, in a dose-response fashion, up to 70% of IFN-γ-induced MHC class II expression. This effect was reversed by the HMG-CoA reductase product mevalonate. Suppression of the antigen presenting function of astrocytes might contribute to the beneficial effects of statins in MS. Findings Currently available disease-modifying agents for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) reduce the frequency and severity of relapses. They have to be given parenterally, are only partially effective, and are associated with adverse effects and high costs. An open-label clinical trial assessing simvastatin in patients with relapsing remitting MS revealed a significant reduction in gadolinium-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, which is indicative of a disease-modifying effect [1]. Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are an attractive treatment option for MS because they are administered orally and have a relatively favorable safety profile. Clinical studies to test the effects of statins in MS are ongoing. Statins reduce the migration of leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS), induce a Th2 phenotype in T-cells, and decrease the expression of cytokines and inflammatory mediators [2]. A key step in the generation of autoimmune lesion formation in MS is the interaction of activated anti-myelin T cells with their specific antigen presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, expressed on the membrane of antigen presenting cells. Statins have been shown to reduce MHC class II expression in cultured microglia [3]. There is no consensus about whether microglia or astrocytes represent the principal CNS antigen presenting cells in MS [4]. A number of observations failed to detect MHC class II molecules on astrocytes in MS [5-7]. Published: 21 July 2006 Journal of Neuroinflammation 2006, 3:16 doi:10.1186/1742-2094-3-16 Received: 02 May 2006 Accepted: 21 July 2006 This article is available from: http://www.jneuroinflammation. com/content/3/1/16 © 2006 Zeinstra et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Microphytobenthic primary production along a non-tidal sandy beach gradient: an annual study from the Baltic Sea

The microphytobenthic primary production and chlorophyll a content were studied over the annual cycle (May 1998 – May 1999) on a non-tidal Baltic sandy beach at three stations along the beach gradient: littoral, waterline and splash zone. The chlorophyll a concentrations varied between 0.88 and 12.18 µ gc m −3 . N et and gross primary production rates respectively lay within the ranges 0.1–31.4 mgC m −2 h −1 and 0.2–41.8 mgC m −2 h −1 . The highest values of both Chl a content and primary production were noted at the littoral station, the lowest ones at the waterline. The mean annual P/B ratio was highest at the waterline. The differences in Chl a content between stations were statistically significant and may be related to water dynamics, resuspension and water content. Production rates were highly variable on monthly time scales, and the highest results at all the study locations were noted in July. The gross photosynthetic rates were significantly correlated with water temperature. The complete text of the paper is available at http://www.iopan. gda.pl/oceanologia/
JORDANIAN PARENTAl EFFICACY ABOUT THE REDUCTION OF ADOlESCENT BEHAVIOR PROBlEMS

Parenting beliefs about efficacy in the prevention of adolescent problem behaviors in Jordan in terms of some sociodemographic factors are examined in this study. A group of 171 parents to adolescent children was randomly selected from several areas in northern Jordan. ANOVAs were used to examine the role of sociodemographic variables in explaining parents’ beliefs about their efficacy in preventing such problems. Predictor variables included parents’ educational attainment, family income, place of living, occupation, and gender. Results revealed a significant impact in the fields of educational attainment, gender, and family place of living on the parents’ belief in their efficacy, while occupation and family income were less significant.
Testing for measurement errors with discrete-time data sampled from a CARMA model

We consider the problem of testing for measurement errors with discrete-time data sampled from a continuoustime autoregressive moving-average process. We develop an efficient algorithm for computing the likelihood ratio test (LRT) statistic, and derive the non-standard asymptotic null distribution of the LRT. The efficacy of the proposed test is illustrated by simulations and a real application from an environmental study.
Mechanical properties of pulp delignified by deep eutectic solvents

Mechanical properties were evaluated for pulp delignified by four deep eutectic solvents (DES). The DES systems were based on choline chloride and lactic acid (1:9), oxalic acid:dihydrate (1:1), malic acid (1:1), and the system alanine:lactic acid (1:9). The results indicated that the type of DES system used influenced the delignified pulp’s mechanical properties including tensile, burst and tear indexes, tensile length, and stiffness. The most suitable DES systems were choline chloride:malic acid (1:1) and alanine:lactic acid (1:9), which achieved the best aforementioned mechanical properties compared to the other DES systems. The weakest performance in the process of pulp delignification was the system with choline chloride and oxalic acid dihydrate (1:1).
THE EFFECT OF INSTABILITY RESISTANCE TRAINING ON NEUROMUSCULAR PERFORMANCE IN ATHLETES AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY

The study evaluates effects on static and dynamic balance, speed of step initiation and the soccer kick after instability resistance training in athletes after ACL injury. A group of 14 soccer players (age 21.8 ± 3.4 y, height 182.2 ± 5.6 cm, and weight 76.7 ± 4.8 kg) underwent two months after rehabilitation a combined resistance and balance exercises (in duration of 30 min) for a period of 12-weeks (4-5 sessions/week). Postural stability was evaluated under both static and dynamic conditions (wobble board and antero-posterior / medio-lateral tilted platforms) during bipedal and one-legged stance. The COP velocity was registered at 100 Hz by means of posturography system FiTRO Sway check based on dynamometric platform. Speed of step initiation and the soccer kick was measured using FiTRO Dyne Premium. Pre-training measurements showed the non-injured-toinjured leg percent differences of 15.7% for static and 24.5% for dynamic balance. Following the training there were no changes in static balance on both legs (from 18.2 ± 3.3 mm/s to 15.8 ± 2.8 mm/s), on non-injured leg (from 41.3 ± 8.8 mm/s to 38.2 ± 7.8 mm/s), and on injured leg (from 49.0 ± 8.9 mm/s to 43.2 ± 7.7 mm/s). Likewise, the dynamic balance did not change while standing on both legs (from 95.2 ± 19.0 mm/s to 86.7 ± 17.8 mm/s) and on non-injured leg (from 112.3 ± 25.0 mm/s to 101.2 ± 21.8 mm/s), however a significant (p ≤ 0.01) improvement on injured leg has been found (from 148.7 ± 22.8 mm/s to 118.0 ± 20.0 mm/s). In addition, the COP velocity significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased during bipedal stance on M-L tilted platform (from 134.2 ± 20.1 mm/s to 110.6 ± 18.2 mm/s) but not on those A-P tilted (from 120.6 ± 19.7 mm/s to 104.7 ± 18.0 mm/s). Furthermore, mean run-out speed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased on injured leg (from 347.4 ± 42.3 cm/s to 385.3 ± 38.8 cm/s) but not on non-injured leg (from 378.1 ± 42.1 cm/s to 371.8 ± 47.1 cm/s). However, no changes in mean kick-off speed on injured and noninjured leg have been found (from 474.0 ± 38.5 cm/s to 515.6 ± 43.3 cm/s and from 475.9 ± 40.7 cm/s to 499.5 ± 37.6 cm/s). It may be concluded that resistance exercises performed on unstable surfaces represent an effective means for the improvement of dynamic balance under various conditions and speed of step initiation in athletes after ACL injury. However more specific exercises should be implemented into training program in order to improve sport-specific skills like the kickoff speed.
On the Impact of Openness and Regulatory Quality on Saving- Investment Dynamics in Emerging Economies

This paper attempts to quantify the significance of the domestic saving effort for investment rates in a group of 25 emerging economies over the 1985-2006 period using a varying-coefficients, error-correction model. The model is also used to empirically examine how that significance is influenced by the degree of openness, and by the regulatory framework. Our empirical results provide support for the view that investment rates are not unduly constrained by domestic saving in emerging economies. This is generally more so for relatively open economies, as well as ones with better regulatory quality.
Evaluation of cassava hybrids performance obtained by controlled pollination of elite accessions from Niari landscape in the Republic of Congo

Cassava is the main crop in the Congo but its low yield doesn’t meet the needs of Congolese populations. The low yield is due to the use of less effective sensitive varieties to diseases, non-mastering of techniques and biotic constraint of which the African cassava mosaic. This study aims at selecting resistant genotypes to the African cassava mosaic and assessing their agronomic and production performances. Six elite accessions selected based on a villager participative approach have been crossed by controlled pollination with three clones (192/0401, 192/0325 and 197/0162) distributed by the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA). Growth, agronomic and production parameters of genotypes from the controlled pollination were evaluated at the station. Of the ten tested genotypes, the one resulting from the crossing (Mahabama x I92/0401) did not show any symptom of the cassava mosaic disease 12 months after planting. Apart from the root length, foliar surface and the height of the plant, this genotype differed from the others only by the biomass, the diameter of the stem, the harvest index, the rate of starch, the rate of dry matter and marketable or non-marketable tuberous roots. The genotype (Mahabama x I92/0401) will be included in the cassava improvement section plan in the Republic of Congo. Key words: Cassava, Congo, African.
A study on prescribing pattern and potential drug-drug interactions in type 2diabetes mellitus (inpatients) in a tertiary care teaching hospital

The objective of this study was to evaluate prescribing pattern and potential drug-drug interaction in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A prospective, observational study was carried out at inpatient department of SRM medical college hospital and research centre kanchipuram district, Tamilnadu, India from July 2010 to February 2011. The demographic, disease and treatment data of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were collected in a specially designed proforma. Data of 142 patients were collected and analyzed, of which 69 (48.6 %) were males and 73 (51.4 %) were females. Mean ± SD of drugs per prescription was 6.1±2.3. 63.57% of the drugs were prescribed by their brand names. 45% of the drugs prescribed were from the WHO list of essential drugs. In type 2 diabetes mellitus metformin and human insulin were most frequently prescribed drugs. Monotherapy was used for 58.9% patients and 41.1% patients were prescribed with combination therapy. 65 potential drug-drug interaction were screened in 53 prescriptions, in which 3(4.6%) were major and 27(41.5%) were moderate level of severity identified. The potential drug-drug interactions found in type 2 diabetes mellitus prescriptions were often involved with medications used to treat co morbid illnesses. The potential drug-drug interactions are frequent in type 2 diabetes mellitus and hence deserve clinical attention. Implementation of an alert guidelines and a computer based screening would help to recognize and prevent potentially dangerous drug-drug interactions.
The mediating roles of differentiation strategy and learning orientation in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance

Differentiation strategy and learning orientation are both important for entrepreneurial firms, but differ in their paths to improve entrepreneurial performance. Nonetheless, to the best of our knowledge, the differentiation strategy that mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance has not been thoroughly investigated in the literature. In addition, the mediating effect of learning orientation on the entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationship remains unclear. Therefore, this study constructs a multiple mediating model to comprehensively examine how entrepreneurial performance influences multiple firm performance measures (growth performance and profitability performance) through the mediating variables of differentiation strategy and learning orientation. This study focuses on firms in a component supply network in the automotive industry. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis and tests on multiple mediating effects indicate that, through the mediating effect of differentiation strategy, entrepreneurial performance increases growth performance. Moreover, through the mediating effect of learning orientation, entrepreneurial performance 1 Corresponding author: Hui-Hui Huang, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kun Shan University. No.195, Kunda Road, Yongkang District, Tainan City 710, Taiwan, E-mail: wayne@aeonmotor.com. tw. 2 The mediating roles of differentiation strategy and learning orientation in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance enhances profitability performance. The research results reveal that, in terms of the mediating effect, differentiation strategy and learning orientation can complement each other in order to raise growth performance and profitability performance, respectively.
The influence of atmospheric circulation on bioclimatic conditions in Lublin (Poland)

Abstract This study evaluates the relationship between atmospheric circulation conditions and the frequency of heat/cold stress in Lublin in the years 1951-2010 according to the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The paper outlines the frequency and conditional probability of heat/cold stress during particular circulation types and analyses the circulation patterns that induce these incidences. Increased wind velocity had a significant effect on creating unfavourable bioclimatic conditions in winter. Meanwhile, in summer, heat stress was observed almost exclusively when a high pressure system from eastern Europe induced a slow inflow of very warm air masses from the east or south.
Phosphatase activity in sandy soil influenced by mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal cover crops

Cover crops may difffer in the way they affect rhizosphere microbiota nutrient dynamics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal cover crops on soil phosphatase activity and its persistence in subsequent crops. A three-year experiment was carried out with a Typic Quartzipsamment. Treatments were winter species, either mycorrhizal black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) or the non-mycorrhizal species oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg) and corn spurry (Spergula arvensis L.). The control treatment consisted of resident vegetation (fallow in the winter season). In the summer, a mixture of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) with sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) or with soybean (Glycine max L.) was sown in all plots. Soil cores (0-10 cm) and root samples were collected in six growing seasons (winter and summer of each year). Microbial biomass P was determined by the fumigation-extraction method and phosphatase activity using p-nitrophenyl-phosphate as enzyme substrate. During the flowering stage of the winter cover crops, acid phosphatase activity was 30-35 % higher in soils with the non-mycorrhizal species oilseed radish, than in the control plots, regardless of the amount of P immobilized in microbial biomass. The values of enzyme activity were intermediate in the plots with corn spurry and black oat. Alkaline phosphatase activity was 10-fold lower and less sensitive to the treatments, despite the significant relationship between the two phosphatase activities. The effect of plant species on the soil enzyme profile continued in the subsequent periods, during the growth of mycorrhizal summer crops, after completion of the life cycle of the cover crops.
Does Management Involvement in the Board Affect Analysts’ Coverage and Institutional Holdings?

This paper explores the relationships among analysts forecasting, institutional investors and management involvement. I use an index constructed by important 8 variables related to corporate governance to proxy for the level of management involvement. I find that the high degree of management involvement is attractive to analysts’ following. On the contrary, Institutions prefer to follow firms with less management involvement in the board (more independent board) controlled by other factors. Finally, institutions can convey the information of analysts’ forecasting accuracy, especially for pre-SOX period.
The effects of cattle-goat mixed grazing on steer performance and rangeland

Cattle and goats mixed grazing trial was carried out at Impala Research Station from January 2007 to October 2010, to determine the influence of different combinations of cattle and goats ratio on the performance of cattle as well as herbaceous basal cover in a mixed Mopane bushveld in north-eastern, Botswana. Treatments of cattle to goat ratios used were 0:0 (control), 0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 at a stocking rate of 12Ha/LSU in respective paddocks. A total of 51 Tswana male cattle weaners and 75 male and female Tswana goats were used and allowed to graze continuously for 18 months covering both wet and dry seasons after which steers were replaced by other set of weaners. Only steers were weighed every 4 weeks after feed and water had been withheld overnight. Overall there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in growth between the steers in different paddocks for the two batches of animals used. However, there was a significant difference in steer growth between grazing ratios 1:0, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 during the dry season (P<0.05) for both batches. There was a significant increase (T = -8.71, P < 0.00) in poor grass species in all the paddocks, a significant decrease (T = 2.48, P < 0.05), in litter for ratios 1:0, 1:1 and 2:1 as well as significant decrease (T = 3.60, P < 0.05), in bare ground for grazing ratios 0:1, 1:1 and 3:1 between 2007 and 2009. There was also a significant increase (T= -7.56, P <0.05) of total covers from 2007 to 2009. Cattle to goat grazing ratios 2:1 and 3:1 showed high weight gains in steers compared to steers in grazing ratios 1:0 and 1:1. The study shows that mixed grazing gives an advantage on complementary use of pasture resource by different livestock species especially during resource limited periods.
SPARQL Endpoint SPARQL Endpoint SPARQL Endpoint Query Completion Cached Predicates and Literals Query Suggestion Federated Query Processor Query Terms Term Suggestions User Query Answers Query Query Suggestions Client Sapphire Server Web Predictive User Model

RDF data in the linked open data (LOD) cloud is very valuable for many different applications. In order to unlock the full value of this data, users should be able to issue complex queries on the RDF datasets in the LOD cloud. SPARQL can express such complex queries, but constructing SPARQL queries can be a challenge to users since it requires knowing the structure and vocabulary of the datasets being queried. In this paper, we introduce Sapphire, a tool that helps users write syntactically and semantically correct SPARQL queries without prior knowledge of the queried datasets. Sapphire interactively helps the user while typing the query by providing auto-complete suggestions based on the queried data. After a query is issued, Sapphire provides suggestions on ways to change the query to better match the needs of the user. We evaluated Sapphire based on performance experiments and a user study and showed it to be superior to competing approaches.