Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspect-Oriented Programming for Role Models

1 ASPECTORIENTED PROGRAMMING FOR ROLE MODELS Elizabeth A. Kendall Department of Computer Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA email: kendall@rmit.edu. au web site for full code examples: www.cs. rmit.edu. au/~kendall 1. ROLES AND ROLE MODELS 1.1 Background Roles and role models [1, 6, 913] are abstraction and decomposition mechanisms. Classes stipulate the capabilities of individual objects, while the notion of a role focuses on the position and responsibilities of an element within an overall system or subsystem. A role model identifies an archetypal structure of elements and describes it as a corresponding and reoccurring structure of roles. B. Kristensen [910] provides a conceptual model of an object and its roles. The object to which a role is allocated is the intrinsic object; it has intrinsic members. Roles add extrinsic members, and they provide perspectives that can be used by other objects as a selective way of knowing and accessing the object. These concepts are depicted in Figure 1.
Metagenomic Analysis of the Viral Flora of Pine Marten and European Badger Feces

ABSTRACT A thorough understanding of the diversity of viruses in wildlife provides epidemiological baseline information about potential pathogens. Metagenomic analysis of the enteric viral flora revealed a new anellovirus and bocavirus species in pine martens and a new circovirus-like virus and geminivirus-related DNA virus in European badgers. In addition, sequences with homology to viruses from the families Paramyxo- and Picornaviridae were detected.
Decreased Serum Leptin Levels in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A Link between Metabolism and Autoimmunity?

Abstract: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease of unknown etiology resulting in the progressive destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts and leading to chronic cholestasis and ultimately liver cirrhosis and failure. The immune response in PBC seems to be mediated by autoantibodies as well as autoreactive T lymphocytes directed against mitochondrial antigens in biliary epithelial cells, primarily PDC‐E2. Experimental evidence suggests a role of the hormone/cytokine leptin in autoimmune diseases. Leptin is an adipocyte‐derived molecule that acts as a hormone influencing food intake and energy metabolism as well as a cytokine with pro‐inflammatory, immune‐regulatory functions. To study serum leptin in PBC and its association with disease severity, we evaluated serum levels in 37 patients with PBC (27 with no signs of fibrosis or cirrhosis at histologic examination) and 37 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls using a validated ELISA method. We found that patients with PBC had significantly lower leptin serum levels compared with healthy controls (13.6 ± 13.8 vs. 17.6 ± 11.6; P < 0.05). No correlation between disease severity and serum leptin levels was found. This study has demonstrated that leptin levels are decreased in the serum of patients with PBC but do not seem to be associated with disease severity. Data do not seem to indicate a direct role of leptin in the perpetuation of the autoimmune response in PBC. However, further studies are warranted to further characterize the functions of leptin during the natural history of autoimmunity.
Human cytomegalovirus infection alters the substrate specificities and rapamycin sensitivities of raptor- and rictor-containing complexes

Signaling mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) is activated during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. mTOR is found in two complexes differing by the binding partner, rictor or raptor. Activated mTOR-raptor promotes cap-dependent translation through the hyperphosphorylation of the eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP). This activity of the raptor complex is normally inhibited by cell stress responses or the drug rapamycin. However, we previously showed that this inhibition of mTOR signaling can be circumvented during HCMV infection such that hyperphosphorylation of 4E-BP is maintained. Here we show that HCMV infection also activates the rictor complex, as indicated by increased phosphorylation of Akt S473; this phosphorylation is insensitive to rapamycin but sensitive to caffeine in both uninfected and infected cells. By using short-hairpin RNAs to deplete rictor and raptor, we find that rictor is more significant than raptor for the viral infection. Surprisingly, the inhibitory effects of rapamycin on viral growth are primarily due to the presence of rictor, not raptor. Raptor and rictor depletion experiments show that in HCMV-infected cells, both raptor- and rictor-containing complexes can mediate the hyperphosphorylation of 4E-BP and the phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase. Under these conditions, the rictor complex is rapamycin-sensitive for the hyperphosphorylation of 4E-BP, but the raptor complex is not. These data suggest that, during HCMV infection, the rictor- and raptor-containing complexes are modified such that their substrate specificities and rapamycin sensitivities are altered. Our data also suggest that the present understanding of rapamycin's inhibitory effects is incomplete.
Tourism Website Customers’ Repurchase Intention: Information System Success Model

This study through applying the DeLone and McLean Information System Success Model aims to explore the relationships among tourism product websites’ information quality, system quality, service quality and customers’ flow experience, satisfaction, purchase habit, and repurchase intention. Through the stratified and purposive sampling method, 409 valid questionnaires were obtained from travel agencies with website business licenses, being analyzed using the Structural Equation Modelling approach. The findings show significant impact of consumers’ habit on their repurchase intention, which is the major contribution of this research. Noteworthy, information quality is found to have non-significant effect on consumer satisfaction.
Deep Learning for Real Time Crime Forecasting

Author(s): Wang, Bao; Zhang, Duo; Zhang, Duanhao; Brantingham, P Jeffery; Bertozzi, Andrea L | Abstract: Accurate real time crime prediction is a fundamental issue for public safety, but remains a challenging problem for the scientific community. Crime occurrences depend on many complex factors. Compared to many predictable events, crime is sparse. At different spatio-temporal scales, crime distributions display dramatically different patterns. These distributions are of very low regularity in both space and time. In this work, we adapt the state-of-the-art deep learning spatio-temporal predictor, ST-ResNet [Zhang et al, AAAI, 2017], to collectively predict crime distribution over the Los Angeles area. Our models are two staged. First, we preprocess the raw crime data. This includes regularization in both space and time to enhance predictable signals. Second, we adapt hierarchical structures of residual convolutional units to train multi-factor crime prediction models. Experiments over a half year period in Los Angeles reveal highly accurate predictive power of our models.
Blind Decoding Algorithm in Vertical Layered MultiCarrier System

A rotation invariant property is deduced in the multicarrier vertical Bell labs layered space-time system (MC V-BLAST) by introducing some redundancy in the transmitter. A direct decoding algorithm using the direction of arrival (DOA) matrix method is proposed to directly detect the original transmitted symbol without knowing channels state information (CSI). This method does not require the number of receive antennas is more than that of the transmit ones. Simulation results demonstrate that this algorithm improves the BER performance 5-7 dB when BER is 10-2.
The relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth in South Africa: Vector error correction analysis

Orientation: From the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy of 1996 to the currently implemented National Development Plan (NDP), the need to attract more foreign investors and promote exports in pursuit of economic growth and job creation has been emphasised. Research purpose: It is within this context that the purpose of this article was to determine the nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth from 1980 to 2014. Research design, approach and method: The vector error correction model is employed to determine and estimate the long-run relationship between the variables in the model. Main findings: From the findings, it was found that economic growth shares a positive relationship with both FDIs and the real effective exchange rate, while sharing a negative long-run relationship with government expenditure. Practical and managerial implications: The article contributes towards the on going debates on the impact of FDIs on economic growth and job creation in the recipient countries. Accordingly, its findings reinforce the importance of attracting FDIs in South Africa and to what extent they affect economic growth and employment. Contribution or value-add: From a policy perspective, the attraction of foreign investors must target sources that can create jobs and boost the South African economy. It is vital for the government to strengthen its machinery to fight corruption to create an environment conducive for foreign investors. Hence, this article suggests that South Africa’s capacity to grow and create jobs also depends on the country’s performance to enhance gross domestic product growth and attract more FDIs. The attraction of FDIs should, however, not be seen as an end in itself but also as a means of supporting other initiatives such as eradicating poverty and inequalities in South Africa.
Corporate Diversification: A Real Options Approach.

We develop a real-options, capabilities-based model to analyze the corporate diversification decision, as well as determine the optimal timing and distance of investment. We expand the model to include the optimization of investment size. Our model predicts that opportunities, synergies, and the uncertainty over a firm’s relative capabilities determine the optimal scope, size and timing of investment consistent with some of the existing empirical evidence. In line with previous literature, uncertainty delays investment and increases investment size, as well as decreasing the cognitive distance at which firms will diversify. We empirically test some of this implications, and obtain support for our predictions.
Consensus policies to solve bioinformatic problems through Bayesian network classifiers and estimation of distribution algorithms

Los campos de la bioinformatica y biologia computacional son nuevas disciplinas de investigacion nacidas del desarrollo que han sufrido las plataformas de analisis biologico, Hoy en dia, estas plataformas generan una cantidad tan ingente de datos que tan solo mediante tecnicas de aprendizaje automatico y optimizacion dichos datos pueden ser explotados. Dentro de estas areas de conocimiento, se propone el uso de politicas consensuadas aplicadas a clasificadores Bayesianos y algoritmos de estimacion de distribuciones. Mediante dichas nuevas propuestas se busca que los resultados obtenidos del analisis de datos bioinformaticos sean aun mas robustos y fiables. Como aportaciones metodologicas, el trabajo incluye la presentacion de una metrica de relevancia univariada consensuada, asi como un metodo multivariado de seleccion de genes en experimentos de microarrays de ADN. Se ha desarrollado un algoritmo basado en remuestro estratificado con reemplazo, seleccion de variables y clasificadores Bayesianos para la creacion de redes de interaccion con pesado de relevancia en sus arcos. Como cuarta aportacion, se presenta un consensuado poblacional dentro de busquedas mediante algoritmos de estimacion de distribuciones que permite crear una jerarquia en la seleccion de variables mediante algoritmos de envoltura. Todos los metodos propuestos en el trabajo han sido aplicados al analisis de diferentes tipos biologicos de datos, tales como microarrays de ADN, micro RNAs y espectrometria de masas. Ademas de verificar los metodos propuestos en bancos de pruebas amparadas por la comunidad cientifica, el analisis ha deparado resultados satisfactorios en patologias autoinmunes, cancer colorrectal y esclerosis multiple. El trabajo incluye asi mismo la presentacion de diferentes graficas y representaciones visuales de resultados de gran utilidad para la propuesta de nuevas hipotesis de trabajo o validacion en problemas del campo de la biologia computacional.
Mortality, Causes of Death and Risk Factors for Death Among Primary Amphetamine Users in the Swedish Criminal Justice System

This study examined mortality and predictors of death in 1,396 primary amphetamine users (85% males) who were interviewed with the Addiction Severity Index in the Swedish criminal justice system during 2000–2006 and followed through 2008. Forty-nine clients deceased (standardized mortality ratio 4.1 [3.0–5.4]), at least 84% of deaths were violent or drug-related (12% suicides), and Cox regression analysis indicated that death was associated with frequent use of sedatives and less frequent use of amphetamine. No female deaths were observed; death and male gender were associated in binary analysis. Implications for diagnostics and treatment are discussed.
EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS / INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS Distinct Developmental Ground States of Epiblast Stem Cell Lines Determine Different Pluripotency Features

Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from mouse postimplantation embryos at embryonic day (E) 5.5–E7.5 at the onset of gastrulation, which makes them a valuable tool for studying mammalian postimplantation development in vitro. EpiSCs can also be reprogrammed into a mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)like state. Some reports have shown that the reversion of EpiSCs requires transcription factor overexpression, whereas others have suggested that use of stringent mESC culture conditions alone is sufficient for the reversion of EpiSCs. To clarify these discrepancies, we systematically compared a panel of independent EpiSC lines. We found that—regardless of the embryonic day of derivation—the different EpiSC lines shared a number of defining characteristics such as the ability to form teratomas. However, despite use of standard EpiSC culture conditions, some lines exhibited elevated expression of genes associated with mesendodermal differentiation. Pluripotency (Oct4) and mesodermal (Brachyury) marker genes were coexpressed in this subset of lines. Interestingly, the expression of mesendodermal marker genes was negatively correlated with the cells’ ability to efficiently undergo neural induction. Moreover, these mesodermal marker gene-expressing cell lines could not be efficiently reverted to an mESC-like state by using stringent mESC culture conditions. Conversely, Brachyury overexpression diminished the reversion efficiency in otherwise Brachyury-negative lines. Overall, our data suggest that different EpiSC lines may undergo self-renewal into distinct developmental states, a finding with important implications for functional readouts such as reversion of EpiSCs to an mESC-like state as well as directed differentiation. STEM CELLS 2011;29:1496–1503 Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
XCLSC: Structure and content-based clustering of XML documents

This paper proposes a novel Clustering approach for XML documents that combines both their content and structure information using tree structural-content summaries in order to reduce the size of the document. This reduction has twofold purpose. First, it reduces the size of the XML tree by eliminating redundant nodes. Second, it gathers similaire content. The clustering is performed according to a similarity measure that takes into account the structure and the content between levels. Several experiments are performed to explore the effectiveness of using tree structural summaries and constrained content in the clustering process. Empirical analysis reveals that the designed clustering approach using content within structure and tree structural summaries gives a better solution for XML clustering while improving runtime. It is very suitable when we deal with big data sets.
Sensitivity analysis of a suboptimal precoding scheme for block channels with respect to channel inaccuracies

Water-filling is the technique that computes the input data covariance matrix that achieves capacity in Gaussian parallel or block channels. A suboptimal precoding scheme, that has been observed to perform quite close to water-filling in some cases of great interest, is when all "active" eigenvectors of the input data covariance matrix receive the same power. Both techniques require perfect channel knowledge at the transmitter. We consider the suboptimal precoding scheme when, at the transmitter, we use a channel estimate as if it were the true channel and we derive a closed form expression relating the channel estimation error covariance matrix with a mean mutual information decrease. We observe that serious error magnification may happen if the channel matrix is badly conditioned and the SNR is high.
Two of the authors of the technical brief cited above respond:

M. Fahie-Wilson makes several interesting points to which we would like to respond. First, we agree that a recovery of >65% does not indicate the absence of macroprolactin, but that macroprolactin is not the predominant form in circulation. Regarding the imprecision of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation technique, it is worth considering that the highest values were observed …
Histamine dihydrochloride and low-dose interleukin-2 as post-consolidation immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. Although most patients achieve complete remission (CR) after chemotherapy, the majority suffer from subsequent leukemic relapse, which is associated with poor long-term survival. Thus, new therapies to maintain CR are highly warranted. After the completion of chemotherapy, AML patients have a minimal burden of leukemic cells, which are reportedly susceptible to cytotoxic lymphocytes such as NK cells and T cells. A therapy that boosts the function of these effector cells therefore has the potential to eradicate the malignant clone in AML and prevent relapse, Here, we briefly review the literature on the role of the immune system in AML and introduce the rationale for the use of histamine dihydrochloride (HDC) in conjuction with low-dose IL-2 as relapse-preventive immunotherapy for this disease.
Industry herding by hedge funds

This paper investigates hedge fund herding at the industry level and its impact on industry returns. Although the level of industry herding on average is substantially weaker for hedge funds compared to non-hedge fund institutions, we find that industries that experience heavy herding by hedge funds experience return reversals in the long-run. We provide evidence that non-hedge funds especially follow hedge funds’ sell herding industries in following quarters, and the long-run return reversals observed in these industries are due to non-hedge funds’ failure to timely react to good news coming from these heavy hedge fund sell-herding industries in subsequent quarters.
Motivation and Modified Commitment Effect of Internal Control System and Participation of Budgeting Preparation on Individual Performance

The study aims to obtain empirical evidence on the influence of internal control systems and participation in budgeting on individual performance with motivation and commitment as a moderator. The location of the research was conducted at 30 Regional Device Organizations (OPD) of Bangli Regency collected through questionnaires. The number of samples used was 60 employees determined by non-probability sampling method. This study was tested using moderation regression analysis. The results stated that the government's internal control system and participation in budgeting have no effect on individual performance. The results also show that work motivation cannot moderate the influence of government internal control system on individual performance, but can strengthen the influence of participation in budgeting on individual performance, then organizational commitment cannot moderate the influence of government internal control system and participation in budgeting on individual performance.
Electromyographic activity of the abdominal and low back musculature during the generation of isometric and dynamic axial trunk torque: Implications for lumbar mechanics

This study focused on the electromyographic activity of the trunk musculature, given the well‐documented link between occupational twisting and the increased incidence of low back pain. Ten men and 15 women volunteered for this study, in which several aspects of muscle activity were examined. The first aspect assessed the myoelectric relationships during isometric exertions. There was great variability in this relationship between muscles and between subjects. Further, the myoelectric activity levels (normalized to maximal electrical activity) obtained from nontwist activities were not maximal despite maximal efforts to generate axial torque (e.g., rectus abdominis, maximum voluntary contraction; 22% external oblique, 52%; internal oblique, 55%; latissimus dorsi, 74%; upper erector spinae [T9], 61%; lower erector spinae [L3], 33%). In the second aspect of the study, muscle activity was examined during dynamic axial twist trials conducted at a velocity of 30 and 60°/s. The latissimus dorsi and external oblique appeared to be strongly involved in the generation of axial torque throughout the twist range and activity in the upper erector spinae displayed a strong link with axial torque and direction of twist, even though they have no mechanical potential to contribute axial torque, suggesting a stabilization role. The third aspect of the study was comprised of the formulation of a model consisting of a three‐dimensional pelvis, rib cage, and lumbar vertebrae and driven from kinematic measures of axial twist and muscle electromyograms. The relatively low levels of normalized myoelectric activity during maximal twisting efforts coupled with large levels of agonist–antagonist cocontraction caused the model to severely underpredict measured torques (e.g., 14 Nm predicted for 91 Nm measured). Such dominant coactivity suggests that stabilization of the joints during twisting is far more important to the iumbar spine than production of large levels of axial torque.
Postarthroscopic Arthrofibrosis of the Shoulder

Arthrofibrosis after shoulder surgery may be challenging to treat. Certain factors, including diabetes and history of keloid formation, predispose patients to the development of postoperative arthrofibrosis. Etiologies include rotator cuff repair, labral repair, capsulorrhaphy, shoulder arthroplasty, and proximal humerus fracture fixation. Systematic evaluation with thorough history and physical examination is essential to determine the proper treatment and to counsel patients on expectations for recovery. Nonoperative treatment focused on physical therapy is the first step in management. Manipulation under anesthesia may be an effective treatment for failure of physical therapy regimens in idiopathic adhesive capsulitis, however it is less successful in cases of postsurgical adhesions. In cases of postoperative stiffness, treatment options include arthroscopic and open capsular releases. Adequate postoperative pain control and adherence to a rigorous physical therapy regimen are integral to the success of surgical release. Surgical treatment is effective in the majority of patients with postsurgical arthrofibrosis.