Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Construction and Validation of the Homopositivity Scale

Abstract Social scientists appear to focus on negative beliefs about, and attitudes toward, gay men and lesbian women. This emphasis, though understandable in view of the widespread oppression of gay and lesbian individuals, is somewhat myopic because it ignores what might be referred to as the positive dimension of stereotypes. Although such a concept may appear oxymoronic, it is widely recognized that individuals may endorse a mixture of positive and negative stereotypes toward stigmatized groups such as African Americans and women. The purpose of the current series of studies (Study l, iV= 212; Study 2, N= 105) was to devise an instrument measuring endorsement of positive stereotypes about gay men (Homopositivity Scale; HPS). Two versions of the HPS (of varying length) were evaluated, with scale scores on both appearing to be internally consistent and factorially distinct from scales measuring negative stereotypes and prejudices about gay men. These studies also suggest that females are more likely than males to endorse positive stereotypes about gay men, and that such endorsement is negatively associated with need for uniqueness and need for cognition, and positively associated with media contact and benevolent sexism. The limitations of the two studies are outlined and the importance of assessing positive stereotypes about gay men in conjunction with oft-examined homonegativity is discussed.
Changes in Parahippocampal White Matter Integrity in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

In the present study, changes in the parahippocampal white matter (PWM), in the region that includes the perforant path, were investigated, in vivo, in 14 individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) compared to 14 elderly controls with no cognitive impairment (NCI). For this purpose, (1) volumetry; (2) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived measures of mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA); and (3) tractography were used. In addition, regression models were utilized to examine the association of PWM measurements with memory decline. The results from this study confirm previous findings in our laboratory and others, showing that compared to controls, individuals with aMCI have PWM volume loss. In addition to volume reduction, participants with aMCI demonstrated a significant increase in MD, but no difference in FA, both in the PWM region and in fibers modeled to pass through the PWM region. Further, the DTI metric of MD was associated with declarative memory performance, suggesting it may be a sensitive marker for memory dysfunction. These results indicate that there is general tissue loss and degradation (decreased volume; increased MD) in individuals with aMCI compared to older people with normal cognitive function. However, the microstructural organization of remaining fibers, as determined by measures of anisotropic diffusion, is not significantly different from that of controls.
Electrophysiological markers of interference and structural facilitation in native and nonnative agreement processing

Studies of second language (L2) learning have long noted that learners acquiring an L2 post-puberty rarely achieve native-like mastery of numerous aspects of the target language, including phonology and morphosyntax (e.g., Flege, Munro, & MacKay, 1995; Johnson & Newport, 1989). One aspect of morphosyntax that has been seen to be especially problematic in both production and comprehension is inflectional morphology, including grammatical agreement (e.g., Hopp, 2010; Jiang, 2004; Lardiere, 2007). One proposed explanation for this difficulty is that native (L1) and L2 processing use qualitatively similar mechanisms, but that L2 processing is slower and less automatic, leading to difficulty retrieving and integrating grammatical information in real-time (Hopp, 2010; Lardiere, 2000). Alternately, it has been suggested that grammatical and morphological processing in late L2 learners is qualitatively different from L1, regardless of L2 proficiency or L1-L2 pairing (Clahsen & Felser, 2006; Clahsen, Felser, Neubauer, Sato, & Silva, 2010). Much of this research has used behavioral measures (e.g., grammaticality judgments, error rates in corpus analyses, or reaction time data), and as such cannot adequately address whether the observed differences between L1 and L2 speakers are indeed qualitative or simply quantitative. Measures of neural activity underlying processing, like event-related brain potentials (ERPs), provide both quantitative and qualitative information about language processing and thus can potentially adjudicate between these competing possibilities. The research presented here therefore uses ERPs to study neural correlates of agreement processing in L1 English and highly proficient, late L1 Spanish-L2 English bilinguals. We focus on the neural substrates of L1 and L2 morphosyntactic processing, as well as morphological and syntactic factors related to processing interference and facilitation.
The effects of exercise on body weight and composition in breast cancer survivors: an integrative systematic review.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine the research literature regarding the effects of exercise on body weight and composition in breast cancer survivors. DATA SOURCES Primary studies in English published from 1989-2004, located through electronic databases, hand searches, and personal contacts. DATA SYNTHESIS Of 1,314 studies screened, 14 met all inclusion criteria. Body weight and composition generally were secondary endpoints. Effects on weight were less common than reduction in percentage of body fat. CONCLUSIONS The evidence regarding exercise as a strategy for body weight and composition management in breast cancer is sparse. Research that considers these outcomes as primary endpoints is needed. Numerous measurement issues need to be addressed in future studies. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Exercise may help to control adverse body weight and composition changes among breast cancer survivors. Improved research that assigns these outcomes primary importance will greatly enhance clinicians' ability to assist women in body weight and composition management.
Magnetic field analysis for distance measurement in 3D positioning applications

This paper proposes an analysis of the quasi-stationary magnetic field generated by coils and its applicability to 3D positioning applications. Starting from a theoretical background, an approximation of the induced voltage in a sensor coil is developed and analyzed. In particular, the introduced approximation error is shown to be lower than 5 mm over a 20 m range. Finally, the developed model is compared against a well-established theoretical model developed in the literature and against in-field measurements in the range 0.5 m to 5 m. Results show that the developed model may be suitable for magnetic field based distance measurements in low complexity 3D positioning applications.
Severe Acute Malnutrition during Emergencies: Burden, Management, and Gaps

Natural and man-made disasters, including floods, droughts, earthquakes, and armed conflicts, create nutrition crises. Unfortunately, the frequency and severity of such disasters have been increasing since the beginning of the 20th century, and their contribution to the burden of acute malnutrition is increasing every year. However, their contribution to the burden of acute malnutrition is underrecognized due to the ways in which global statistics are built and causes of death are reported. Fortunately, the success of the current protocol for treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and the integrated approach to treatment has created a momentum allowing expanded coverage of treatment of SAM, especially in humanitarian emergency contexts. For this progress to be maintained and accelerated, changes in nutrition information systems at the national and global levels are needed, and the persisting barriers to the expansion and integration of treatment of SAM into routine health systems need to be removed. Emergency funding approaches and objectives have to include sustaining and amplifying the achievements of the short-term palliative interventions. Nutrition programs implemented in emergency contexts have the capacity to contribute to answering priority research questions, and this capacity should be more optimally utilized.
The correlations of psychological status, quality of life, self-esteem, social support and body image disturbance in Chinese patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract This study aimed (i) to complement existing research by focusing on body image disturbance issues in Chinese Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients; (ii) to investigate how Chinese patients make sense of disease diagnosis and perceived cultural influences within the context of their SLE. A total of 118 SLE patients underwent standardized laboratory examinations and completed several questionnaires. Independent sample t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, Chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using backward stepwise logistic regression model were used to analyze these data. We found 18.3% SLE patients had BID, which were significantly higher than the control group (.8%). SLE patients are more concerned about their physical changes caused by disease. There were significant correlations among personal health insurance, complication of diabetes, appearance of new rash, depression, anxiety, self-esteem and BID in patients with SLE. Meanwhile, logistic regression analysis revealed that appearance of new rash and high anxiety were significantly associated with BID in SLE patients. In conclusion, it is beneficial to pay attention to the physical and mental health of patients with rheumatic disease from the perspective of body image, to understand their needs and to provide effective and effective service for them.
Enhanced degradation of p53 protein in HPV‐6 and BPV‐1 E6‐immortalized human mammary epithelial cells.

Normal mammary epithelial cells are efficiently immortalized by the E6 gene of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐16, a virus commonly associated with cervical cancers. Surprisingly, introduction of the E6 gene from HPV‐6, which is rarely found in cervical cancer, or bovine papillomavirus (BPV)‐1, into normal mammary cells resulted in the generation of immortal cell lines. The establishment of HPV‐6 and BPV‐1 E6‐immortalized cells was less efficient and required a longer period in comparison to HPV‐16 E6. These HPV‐6‐ and BPV‐1 E6‐immortalized cells demonstrated dramatically reduced levels of p53 protein by immunoprecipitation. While the half‐life of p53 protein in normal mammary epithelial cells was approximately 3 h, it was reduced to approximately 15 min in all the E6‐immortalized cells. These results demonstrate that the E6 genes of both high‐risk and low‐risk papilloma viruses immortalize human mammary epithelial cells and induce a marked degradation of p53 protein in vivo.
Investigation of Supervisory Attentional System Functions in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease Using the Hayling Task

The study explored executive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) by using the Hayling test (Burgess & Shallice, 1996) and verbal fluency tasks (VFTs). PD patients showed longer response latencies than controls in both parts of the Hayling test (Section A/automatic and Section B/inhibition). Patients and controls did not differ in the proportion of errors or number of responses that revealed the use of strategies. PD patients also showed verbal fluency deficits in semantic, phonemic, and alternating fluency tasks. These impairments on tests known to be sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction confirm executive or Supervisory Attentional System (Norman & Shallice, 1986) deficits and further indicate suppression skills impairments in PD.
Reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) combined with colorimetric gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probe assay for visual detection of Penaeus vannamei nodavirus (PvNV)

Penaeus vannamei nodavirus (PvNV) is an emerging viral infection that has caused muscle necrosis or a white tail disease in cultivated whiteleg shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei, leading to loss in the productions. Rapid detection of PvNV is essential for further control disease. A combination between reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) assay and colorimetric gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probe was developed for rapid, sensitive and inexpensive detection of PvNV in this study. RT‐LAMP reaction successfully detected PvNV at 63°C for 45 and 5 min for hybridization of LAMP amplified product, followed by salt‐induced AuNP‐labelled ssDNA probe aggregation to visual colour development. This method showed identical results to LAMP followed by gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometric detection, and it was 10 times sensitive more than conventional nested RT‐PCR. The new method revealed negative results with other shrimp pathogens. This study provides the direct visualization of LAMP reaction by AuNP probe hybridization, that significantly reduces the time and cost required for the molecular diagnostic of infectious diseases and offers to use in aquaculture health management.
Discriminant linear processing of time-frequency plane

Extending previous works done on considerably smaller data sets, the paper studies linear discriminant analysis of about 30 hours of phoneme-labeled speech data in the time-frequency domain. Analysis is carried both independently in time and frequency and jointly. Data driven spectral basis show similar frequency sensitivity as human hearing. LDA-derived temporal FIR filters are consistent with temporal lateral inhibition. Considerable improvement is obtained using first temporal discriminant.
THE ANTINOMIES OF HABERMAS'RECONSTRUCTION OF HISTORICAL MATERIALISM

There are few attempts to reformulate the historical perspective of classical sociological theory comparable to that of Jürgen Habermas’ reconstruction of historical materialism. Habermas considered historical materialism to be principally a theory of social evolution and he sought to revise its conception of historical development. In Habermas’ opinion, the logic of the development of normative structures, social identities and cultural understandings differs from that of material production and the organizational complexity of social systems. My analysis reveals how the major innovation of Habermas’ reconstruction of historical materialism is the ensuing conceptualizations of the social relations of production as forms of social integration and the function of systematically distorted communication in their historical institution. Despite the significant implications of this supplementation of the paradigm of production with a theory of communication, Habermas’ reconstruction of historical materialism is shown to be limited by its inflexible logic of development and disengagement from the conflicts internal to processes of material production. It is proposed that the historical perspective of other strands of contemporary social theory may rectify these limitations through their concern with social creativity, institutional variations and the dialectics of social struggle.
New directions in vocational rehabilitation: challenges and opportunities for researchers, practitioners, and consumers.

The dawn of the 21st Century brought with it many changes, challenges, and opportunities for the interdisciplinary field of rehabilitation. A strong economy ushered in the New Millennium, but a substantial economic downturn during 2001 and 2002 created much uncertainty in the American labor market. At times when new job growth is limited or non-existent, people with disabilities are often disproportionally and negatively affected in terms of employment opportunities [7]. Even in the best of times economically, workers with disabilities are among the most marginalized sub-groups in the American workforce, as evidenced by their persistent patterns of unemployment, underemployment, and placement in entry-level jobs in the secondary labor market [5]. In our present, unpredictable labor market, there is a higher premium than ever before to ensure that people with disabilities have access to every possible employment opportunity, and that they develop the skills they need to adapt to the rapidly changing American workplace. In this introductory article, we highlight some of the developments in the field of vocational rehabili-
When Three Charms but Four Alarms: Identifying the Optimal Number of Claims in Persuasion Settings

How many positive claims should firms use to produce the most positive impression of a product or service? This article posits that when consumers know that the message source has a persuasion motive, the optimal number of positive claims is three. Increasing the number of claims improves consumer perceptions until the fourth claim, at which point consumers’ persuasion knowledge causes them to view all the claims with skepticism. The studies herein establish and explore this pattern, which the authors refer to as the “charm of three. ” An initial experiment indicates that impressions peak at three claims for sources with a persuasion motive but not for sources without a persuasion motive. The second experiment indicates that this effect occurs for attitudes and impressions and that increased skepticism at four or more claims explains the effect. Two final experiments examine the mental process by which the charm of three occurs by investigating how cognitive load and sequential claims influence the effect.
Physical properties of giant molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud

The Magellanic Mopra Assessment (MAGMA) is a high angular resolution ^(12)CO (J = 1 → 0) mapping survey of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud using the Mopra Telescope. Here we report on the basic physical properties of 125 GMCs in the LMC that have been surveyed to date. The observed clouds exhibit scaling relations that are similar to those determined for Galactic GMCs, although LMC clouds have narrower linewidths and lower CO luminosities than Galactic clouds of a similar size. The average mass surface density of the LMC clouds is 50 M_⊙ pc^(−2), approximately half that of GMCs in the inner Milky Way. We compare the properties of GMCs with and without signs of massive star formation, finding that non-star-forming GMCs have lower peak CO brightness than star-forming GMCs. We compare the properties of GMCs with estimates for local interstellar conditions: specifically, we investigate the H i column density, radiation field, stellar mass surface density and the external pressure. Very few cloud properties demonstrate a clear dependence on the environment; the exceptions are significant positive correlations between (i) the H i column density and the GMC velocity dispersion, (ii) the stellar mass surface density and the average peak CO brightness and (iii) the stellar mass surface density and the CO surface brightness. The molecular mass surface density of GMCs without signs of massive star formation shows no dependence on the local radiation field, which is inconsistent with the photoionization-regulated star formation theory proposed by McKee. We find some evidence that the mass surface density of the MAGMA clouds increases with the interstellar pressure, as proposed by Elmegreen, but the detailed predictions of this model are not fulfilled once estimates for the local radiation field, metallicity and GMC envelope mass are taken into account.
Optimal Treatment for Odontoid Fractures in the Elderly

Study Design. Clinically based systematic review. Objective. To define optimal clinical care for elderly patients with Type II and III odontoid fractures using a systematic review with expert opinion. Summary of Background Data. Numerous manuscripts have been written about treatment strategies of odontoid fractures in the elderly. However, these articles are of low quality and optimal treatment algorithms do not exist. Methods. Focused questions on the treatment of elderly patients with Type II and III odontoid fractures were refined by a panel of spine traumologists surgeons, consisting of fellowship trained neurologic and orthopedic surgeons. MeSH keywords were searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews, and pertinent abstracts and manuscripts obtained. The quality of literature was rated as high, moderate, low, or very low. Using the GRADE evidence-based review system, the proposed questions were answered using the literature review and expert opinion. These treatment recommendations were then rated as either strong or weak based on the quality of evidence and clinical expertise. Results. The literature searches revealed low and very low quality evidence with no prospective or randomized studies. The MEDLINE search engine returned 1759 articles, which were further limited to “all aged (65 and over),” human subjects and the English language. The subsequent search resulted in a return of 377 manuscripts. These abstracts where then reviewed in detail and 117 manuscripts were selected, which were obtained and supplemented with additional manuscripts to form an evidentiary table. Conclusion. Odontoid fractures have a significant morbidity in the elderly (>65 years) population. Type II fractures in this population are recommended to be treated operatively with a weak recommendation, and if treated nonoperatively using a hard collar immobilization device. Type III odontoid fractures in the elderly optimal treatment with a strong recommendation is immobilization in a hard collar.
The loop diuretic torasemide interferes with endothelin-1 actions in the aorta of hypertensive rats.

BACKGROUND The direct effects of torasemide and furosemide on vasoconstriction and increases in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1) were investigated in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Vascular responses were assessed in endothelium-denuded aortic rings using an organ bath system. Changes of [Ca(2+)]i in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were assessed using fura-2 methodology. RESULTS ET-1-induced vasoconstriction was reduced in a dose-dependent way by torasemide and furosemide (IC(50) values: 4.3+/-1.4x10(-5) and 9.8+/-5.6 x10(-5) M, respectively). The ET-1-induced biphasic [Ca(2+)]i increase was blocked by torasemide (IC(50)=2.0+/-0.2x10(-8) and 2.7+/-0.6x10(-6) M, respectively). Furosemide inhibited the initial rise in [Ca(2+)]i induced by ET-1, with no effect on the second rise. The specific chloride (Cl(-)) channel blocker diphenylamine-2-carboxylate inhibits both ET-1-induced responses in VSMCs (IC(50)=8.0+/-0.3x10(-9) and 2.5+/-0.7x10(-7) M, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the ability of loop diuretics to interfere with the vascular actions of ET-1 may involve different molecular mechanisms. The ability of torasemide to block the vasoconstrictive action of ET-1 could include an inhibitory action on Cl(-) channels.