Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of fermentation on total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content and its relation to antibacterial activity in jaruk tigarun (Crataeva nurvala, Buch HAM).

Jaruk tigarun is a traditional fermented food from South Borneo Indonesia, made from tigarun flower (Crataeva nurvala, Buch HAM) . It has been used traditionally to reduce fever and to cure disease for postpartum women. Although it has been consumed for generations and believed to have health benefit, limited scientific research have been done to evaluated it. The study aimed to determine total phenolic, tannin and flavonoid content and evaluated the antibacterial activities of fresh and fermented tigarun flower extract. The fresh and fermented flowers (jaruk tigarun) were freeze dried, powdered and extracted using methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate solvent. The total phenolic and total tannin were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu methods while total flavonoid content by aluminium trichloride (AlCl3). Antibacterial activity in each extract and MIC were evaluated using well diffusion and macrodilution methods. The result showed that the highest total phenolic content was obtained in methanolic extract of jaruk tigarun (53.24 ± 0.21 mg GAE/g). After fermentation, total phenolic and flavonoid content of tigarun flower generally increased while total tannin content was decreased. The increasing of total phenolic and flavonoid content consequently exhibited the strongest antibacterial activities. Methanolic extract of jaruk tigarun showed high inhibition compared to ethanolic and ethyl acetic extract. The highest inhibition of methanolic extract was on Pseudomonas flourescens (8.62 ± 0.54 mm). However the antibacterial activity is lower than that chloramphenicol. Pseudomonas flourescens and Staphylococcus aureus showed the most susceptibility to methanolic extract with MIC concentration 6,250 μg/mL. The result indicated that the fermentation increase the total phenolic and antibacterial activity of jaruk tigarun.
Activity patterns of African buffalo Syncerus caffer in the Lower Sabie Region, Kruger National Park, South Africa

The activity budgets of three herds of African buffalo in the Lower Sabie region of Kruger National Park, recorded between 1991 and 1992 were quantified to examine both nocturnal and seasonal effects on feeding activity and 24-hr movement in an area of dense bushveld. We found that the average 24-hr distance traveled by herds (3.35 km) was shorter than that found in other studies and that there was no seasonal effect on this distance, which we attribute to ready availability of water in both seasons. We found that the buffalo spent a similar amount of time feeding (9.5 hrs) as in other studies, but that the proportional feeding and resting time was influenced by the time of day and the season. These herds spent proportionally more time feeding at night (44.5 % vs 32.0 %) and more time resting in the day (28.4 % vs 16.0 %). In addition, they appeared to rest more during the day and feed more at night during the wet season, when it was hotter.
CAPSAICIN-SENSITIVE AFFERENTATION AND HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT Doctoral (Ph.D.) thesis

Rumi Gy. , Dömötör A. , Figler M. , Gasztonyi B. , Pár A. , Pár G. , Mózsik Gy. : Increased Leiden mutation and decreased serum level of vitami n A and zeaxanthin in patients with oesophageal, gastric, liver, pancreatic and colorec tal cancers Gastroenterology 126. Suppl. 2: A452 2004. Peidl Zs. , Dömötör A. , Karádi O. , Szekeres Gy. , Hideg K. , Szolcsányi J. , Mózsik Gy. : Functional overtalk between the capsaicin-sensitive aff rent and efferent vagal nerve during gastric mucosal protection produced by omepr azole and omeprazole-like compounds. Z. Gastroenterol. 43: 505, 2005. Karádi O. , Dömötör A. , Hideg K. , Mózsik Gy. : The effects of omeprazolelik compounds on the gastric acid secretion and indomet hacin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Acta Pharmacol. Sinica. Suppl.1. Ab stracts of the 15th World Congress of Pharmacology, July 2-7, 2006, Beijing, China, p 243, 2006. Mózsik Gy. , Dömötör A. , Rumi Gy. : Cytoprotective mechanisms of retinoids in rats, in healthy human subjects and in patients with differe nt gastrointestinal disorders. Digestion 73 Suppl. 2. p 44, 2006.
Foreign Bank Behavior During Financial Crises

This paper studies whether lending by foreign banks is affected by financial crises. The paper pairs a bank-level dataset of foreign ownership with information on banking crises and examines whether the credit supply of majority foreignowned banks that underwent home-country crises differs systematically from that of other foreign banks. The baseline results show that banks exposed to homecountry crises in 2007 and 2008 exhibit changes in lending patterns that are lower by between 13 and 42 percent than their non-crisis counterparts. This finding is robust to potential alternative explanations and also holds, though less strongly, for the 1997-98 Asian crisis.
Gravity-driven Turbulence in Galactic Disks

High-resolution, two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations with a large dynamic range are performed to study the turbulent nature of the interstellar medium (ISM) in galactic disks. The simulations are global, where the self-gravity of the ISM, realistic radiative cooling, and galactic rotation are taken into account. In the analysis undertaken here, feedback processes from the stellar energy source are omitted. We find that the velocity field of the disk in a nonlinear phase shows a steady power-law energy spectrum over 3 orders of magnitude in wavenumber. This implies that the random velocity field can be modeled as fully developed, stationary turbulence. Gravitational and thermal instabilities under the influence of galactic rotation contribute to the formation of the turbulent velocity field. The Toomre effective Q-value, in the nonlinear phase, covers a wide range, and gravitationally stable and unstable regions are distributed patchily in the disk. These results suggest that large-scale galactic rotation coupled with the self-gravity of the gas can be the ultimate energy sources that maintain the turbulence in the local ISM. Our models of turbulent rotating disks are consistent with the velocity dispersion of an extended H I disk in the dwarf galaxy NGC 2915, where there is no prominent active star formation. Numerical simulations show that the stellar bar in NGC 2915 enhances the velocity dispersion, and it also drives spiral arms, as observed in the H I disk.
Promotions, Dismissals, and Employee Selection: Theory and Evidence

Firms offer highly complex contracts to their employees. These contracts contain a mix of incentives, such as fixed wages, bonus payments, promotion options, and dismissals or threats of dismissal. In this article, we show that firms having a production process that is sensitive to employee quality may find it optimal to combine cost-efficient incentives such as bonuses and promotions with dismissals. Based on this result, we derive a hierarchy of incentives. Furthermore, we demonstrate the close link between the optimal contract and the employee sorting and selection and use this to analyse the information conveyed in employment matches. The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Yale University. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.
The Impact of the Carrollton GreenBelt on Residential Housing Prices: A Spatial Approach

The Carrollton GreenBelt is a linear park encircling the City of Carrollton Georgia. The GreenBelt differs from other linear parks in that it is an entirely new construction and was not built upon existing rail lines, as was the Atlanta Beltline and the nearby Silver Comet Trail. Using GIS, data from the Carroll County Tax Assessor’s office and spatial econometric techniques, we estimate local fair-market housing values within the hedonic framework to measure the relationship between home prices and access to the GreenBelt. We find the expected positive effects from the number of bedrooms, bathrooms and square footage, but access to the GreenBelt is associated with lower housing sale prices during the period; however, these lower prices may also be the result of conscious location decisions of the GreenBelt developers in an attempt to lower land acquisition costs in the development phase. Despite our efforts to control for distance to the center of the city, the negative association between the GreenBelt and housing values may be impacted by the endogeneity between GreenBelt location and residential housing prices. INTRODUCTION As any real estate agent will attest, the market sales price of a residence depends on a multitude of factors, including characteristics of the structure and property itself, as well as other characteristics of the neighborhood. These other characteristics include measures of accessibility. Buyers are concerned with how close their new home is to various amenities or dis-amenities such as metrorails, energy facilities, coasts, and schools within the cityscape. In general, access to local amenities would tend to increase the value of nearby homes, so long as the amenity is itself attractive. A host of studies have empirically investigated the presence of and the size of such effects on property values (Sah et al., 2016; Hoen et al., 2011; Gatzlaff & Smith, 1993; Conroy & Milosch, 2009). However, access is not necessarily a binary characteristic of a property. Some properties may have better access than others, while all properties have some level of access. In our research, we use distance (in miles and feet) as a measure of the level of access for each property in our data set. Fall 2018 Volume 16, Number 1 ISSN: 2163-9280
Atomic Force Microscopy of DNA Immobilized onto a Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode Surface

Magnetic AC mode atomic force microscopy (MAC Mode AFM) was used to characterize the process of adsorption of DNA on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode surface using different concentrations of DNA and adsorption procedures. AFM of DNA immobilized on the HOPG showed that both single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA molecules have the tendency to spontaneously self-assemble from solution onto the solid support and the process was very fast. DNA condensed on the substrate in a tight and well-spread two-dimensional lattice covering the entire surface uniformly. The interaction of DNA with the hydrophobic HOPG surface induced DNA superposition, overlapping, and intra- and intermolecular interactions. The application of a positive potential of 300 mV (vs Ag wire) to the HOPG electrode during adsorption was studied. The applied potential considerably enhanced the robustness and stability to mechanical stress of the DNA films, through multiple electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged hydrophilic sugar-phosphate backbone and the positively charged carbon surface. The characteristics of the DNA films and the apparent height of the network wires were dependent on the DNA concentration and the immobilization procedure. The DNA lattices were held together on the substrate surface only by noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, base stacking, electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydrophobic interactions.
A Lattice Boltzmann and Immersed Boundary Scheme for Model Blood Flow in Constricted Pipes: Part 2 – Pulsatile Flow

One viable approach to the study of haemodynamics is to numerically model this flow behavior in normal and stenosed arteries. The blood is either treated as Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid and the flow is assumed to be pulsating, while the arteries can be modeled by constricted tubes with rigid or elastic wall. Such a task involves formulation and development of a numerical method that could at least handle pulsating flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid through tubes with and without constrictions where the boundary is assumed to be inelastic or elastic. As a first attempt, the present paper explores and develops a time-accurate finite difference lattice Boltzmann method (FDLBM) equipped with an immersed boundary (IB) scheme to simulate pulsating flow in constricted tube with rigid walls at different Reynolds numbers. The unsteady flow simulations using a time-accurate FDLBM/IB numerical scheme is validated against theoretical solutions and other known numerical data. In the process, the performance of the time-accurate FDLBM/IB for a model blood flow problem and the ease with which the no-slip boundary condition can be correctly implemented is successfully demonstrated. AMS subject classifications: 76Z05, 76M20, 65M06
Characteristics and formation mechanism of continuous hazes in China: a case study during the autumn of 2014 in the North China Plain

Abstract. Four extreme haze episodes occurred in October 2014 in the North China Plain (NCP). To clarify the formation mechanism of hazes in autumn, strengthened observations were conducted in Beijing from 5 October to 2 November. The meteorological parameters, satellite data, chemical compositions and optical properties of aerosols were obtained. The hazes originated from the NCP, developing in the southwest and northeast directions, with the highest concentration of PM2.5 of 469 μg m−3 in Beijing. The NCP was dominated by a weak high pressure system during the haze episode, which resulted in low surface wind speed and relatively stagnant weather. Moreover, the wind slowed down around Beijing city. The secondary aerosols NO3− was always higher than that of SO42−, which indicated the motor vehicles played a more important part in the hazes in October 2014, even though the oxidation rate from SO2 to SO42− was faster than that of NOx to NO3−. Sudden increases of the concentrations of organic matter, Cl− and BC (black carbon) before each haze episode implied that regional transport of pollutants by biomass burning was important for haze formation during autumn. A satellite map of fire points and the backward trajectories of the air masses also indicated this pollution source. The distinct decrease in the PBL (planetary boundary layer) height during four haze episodes restrained the vertical dispersion of the air pollutants. Water vapor also played a vital role in the formation of hazes by accelerating the chemical transformation of secondary pollutants, leading to hygroscopic growth of aerosols and altering the thermal balance of the atmosphere.
The influence of surfaces on the transient terahertz conductivity and electron mobility of GaAs nanowires

Bare unpassivated GaAs nanowires feature relatively high electron mobilities (400–2100 cm2 V−1 s−1) and ultrashort charge carrier lifetimes (1–5 ps) at room temperature. These two properties are highly desirable for high speed optoelectronic devices, including photoreceivers, modulators and switches operating at microwave and terahertz frequencies. When engineering these GaAs nanowire-based devices, it is important to have a quantitative understanding of how the charge carrier mobility and lifetime can be tuned. Here we use optical-pump–terahertz-probe spectroscopy to quantify how mobility and lifetime depend on the nanowire surfaces and on carrier density in unpassivated GaAs nanowires. We also present two alternative frameworks for the analysis of nanowire photoconductivity: one based on plasmon resonance and the other based on Maxwell–Garnett effective medium theory with the nanowires modelled as prolate ellipsoids. We find the electron mobility decreases significantly with decreasing nanowire diameter, as charge carriers experience increased scattering at nanowire surfaces. Reducing the diameter from 50 nm to 30 nm degrades the electron mobility by up to 47%. Photoconductivity dynamics were dominated by trapping at saturable states existing at the nanowire surface, and the trapping rate was highest for the nanowires of narrowest diameter. The maximum surface recombination velocity, which occurs in the limit of all traps being empty, was calculated as 1.3 × 106 cm s−1. We note that when selecting the optimum nanowire diameter for an ultrafast device, there is a trade-off between achieving a short lifetime and a high carrier mobility. To achieve high speed GaAs nanowire devices featuring the highest charge carrier mobilities and shortest lifetimes, we recommend operating the devices at low charge carrier densities.
Mott's law for the critical conductance of Miller-Abrahams random resistor network

In this short note we derive Mott's law for the critical conductance of the Miller-Abrahams random resistor network on a Poisson point process on $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d\geq 2$, and we give a percolative characterization of the factor preceding the temperature dependent term $\beta^\frac{\alpha+1}{\alpha+1+d} $. We also give mathematical arguments supporting its universality. This note is a preliminary version of a more extended work, where we also discuss the equality between the effective conductance of the resistor network and the critical conductance.
Numerical analyses of laminar flames propagating in droplet mists using detailed and tabulated chemistry

Numerical analyses of laminar flames propagating in mono-dispersed quiescent droplet mists are addressed. Attention has been given to the evolution of combustion reactions interacting with different mists and the assessment of chemistry simplifications. In the first part, investigations are exclusively performed in a detailed description of the chemistry. Focus is concentrated on simplifications typically assumed in simulations of turbulent spray combustion. Namely, evaporative cooling and differential diffusion. These phenomena are systematically studied together with the characteristics of the observed flammability limits. In the second part, simulations conducted with the flamelet generated manifold (FGM) method are compared with detailed chemistry results. Flame propagation speed and profiles of selected quantities are used. Results demonstrate to what extent common simplifications applied to turbulent spray combustion, as well as FGM tables constructed with single-phase flamelets, are suitable for representing spray flame characteristics.
Uncertainty in regional climate modelling: A review

For geographers engaged in activities such as environmental planning and natural resource management, regional climate models are becoming increasingly important as a source of information about the possible impacts of future climate change. However, in order to make informed adaptation decisions, the uncertainties associated with their output must be recognized and taken into account. In this paper, the cascade of uncertainty from emissions scenario to global model to regional climate model is explored. The initial part of the discussion focuses on uncertainties associated with human action, such as emissions of greenhouse gases, and the climate system’s response to increased greenhouse gas forcing, which includes climate sensitivity and feedbacks. In the second part of the discussion, uncertainties associated with climate modelling are explored with emphasis on the implications for regional scale analysis. Such uncertainties include parameterizations and resolutions, initial and boundary conditions inherited from the driving global model, intermodel variability and issues surrounding the validation or verification of models. The paper concludes with a critique of approaches employed to quantify or cater for uncertainties highlighting the strengths and limitations of such approaches.
Effect of temperature on rates of ammonium uptake and nitrification in the western coastal Arctic during winter, spring, and summer

Biogeochemical rate processes in the Arctic are not currently well constrained, and there is very limited information on how rates may change as the region warms. Here we present data on the sensitivity of ammonium (NH4+) uptake and nitrification rates to short‐term warming. Samples were collected from the Chukchi Sea off the coast of Barrow, Alaska, during winter, spring, and summer and incubated for 24 h in the dark with additions of 15NH4+ at −1.5, 6, 13, and 20°C. Rates of NH4+ uptake and nitrification were measured in conjunction with bacterial production. In all seasons, NH4+ uptake rates were highest at temperatures similar to current summertime conditions but dropped off with increased warming, indicative of psychrophilic (i.e., cold‐loving) microbial communities. In contrast, nitrification rates were less sensitive to temperature and were higher in winter and spring compared to summer. These findings suggest that as the Arctic coastal ecosystem continues to warm, NH4+ assimilation may become increasingly important, relative to nitrification, although the magnitude of NH4+ assimilation would be still be lower than nitrification.
Contemporary Systems Psychology and Integrated Approaches to School and Clinical Service Delivery: Reincarnations of Lightner Witmer's "Psychological Clinic"

Lightner Witmer is often credited as the founding father of “clinical psychology” largely due to his formation of the first psychological clinic in 1896, followed by the creation of the first periodical dedicated to psychological practice a decade later. An analysis of Witmer’s approach to treatment will reveal that he envisioned an integrated discipline, one that was unified yet multidisciplinary and based upon a systemic understanding of the developing person. This approach was intended to blend aspects of psychology with medicine and pedagogy in order to provide comprehensive services and best ameliorate various psychophysiological conditions. Three main occurrences contributed to the marginalization of Witmer’s approach from clinical psychology: the rise of the psychotherapeutics and psychoanalysis movement, Witmer’s alienation from the mainstream American psychological community, and the emergence of an independent school psychology. Today, new research, theory, and training models are pushing applied psychology towards a unified, multidisciplinary perspective. A historical comparison will reveal that these developments are not unlike Witmer’s original vision.
PATIENT AND PROXY RATING AGREEMENTS ON ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND THE INSTRUMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING OF ACUTELY HOSPITALIZED OLDER ADULTS

DISCUSSION This study has shown that care-related goals of communitydwelling frail older adults differ between individuals and cover domains that concern well-being just as much as they concern health and functioning. This agrees with previous research, in which participants stated that, except for maintaining health and functioning, maintaining independence and well-being were the most important goals. Participants’ goals were classified according to an existing taxonomy for goals. However, some additions to its domains were required, especially on the subject of well-being. Therefore, the domains living accommodation, activities, and health and welfare services were added, because many participants mentioned goals relating explicitly to these subjects. This study had some limitations. Because studying goals of frail older adults was not the primary aim of the studies used, nurses were not trained in goal-setting, which resulted in less attention being given to eliciting participants’ goals and case records sometimes lacking data concerning goals. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that care-related goals of frail community-dwelling older adults are diverse and highly individual. This stresses the importance of discussing goals with patients in everyday clinical practice.