Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The comoving infrared luminosity density: domination of cold galaxies across 0 < z < 1

In this paper, we examine the contribution of galaxies with different infrared (IR) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) to the comoving IR luminosity density (IRLD), a proxy for the comoving star formation rate (SFR) density. We characterize galaxies as having either a cold or hot IR SED depending on whether the rest-frame wavelength of their peak IR energy output is above or below 90 μ m. Our work is based on a far-IR selected sample both in the local Universe and at high redshift, the former consisting of IRAS 60 μ m-selected galaxies at z 10^(11) L_⊙) , the majority of which are cold, dominate the IRLD. We therefore infer that cold galaxies dominate the IRLD across the whole 0 < z < 1 range, hence appear to be the main driver behind the increase in SFR density up to z∼ 1 whereas local luminous galaxies are not, on the whole, representative of the high-redshift population.
Predictive factors for mortality among non-HIV-infected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and respiratory failure.

OBJECTIVES To determine predictive factors for mortality among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and in need of mechanical ventilation (TBMV). METHODS From July 2004 to December 2005, 612 respiratory failure patients requiring mechanical ventilation were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Of these, 59 non-HIV-infected patients had active PTB as the primary cause. Mortality rates were measured in TBMV patients and predictors were investigated. Incidence of treatment delay for nosocomial pneumonia was compared between survivors and fatalities. RESULTS Of the 59 patients with TBMV, 40 (67.8%) died in the ICU. Multi-organ failure syndrome (OR 8.59, 95%CI 1.85-101.27) and nosocomial pneumonia (OR 5.77, 95%CI 1.33-44.36) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Treatment delay >24 h for nosocomial pneumonia was significantly more frequent among fatalities than among survivors (19/26, 73.1% vs. 0/3, 0%; P = 0.033). CONCLUSION Nosocomial pneumonia in TB patients with respiratory failure is associated with a poor prognosis; this appears to be further aggravated by delays in appropriate treatment. Measures to prevent nosocomial pneumonia should be carefully instituted and treatment for nosocomial pneumonia should be started promptly among such patients.
Trajectory clustering of estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone during the menopausal transition among women in the Study of Women's Health across the Nation (SWAN).

CONTEXT Variability in the pattern of change in estradiol (E2) and FSH levels over the menopause transition has not been well defined. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to determine whether different trajectories of E2 and FSH could be identified and whether race/ethnicity and body mass index were related to the different trajectories. DESIGN The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation is a longitudinal observational study of the menopausal transition. SETTING Women aged 42-52 yr from seven participating sites were recruited and underwent up to 11 annual visits. PARTICIPANTS Postmenopausal women with 12 or more months of amenorrhea that was not due to hysterectomy/oophorectomy and who were not using hormone therapy before the final menstrual period participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Annual serum E2 and FSH levels anchored to final menstrual period were measured. RESULTS Four distinct E2 trajectories and three distinct FSH trajectories were identified. The E2 trajectories were: slow decline (26.9%), flat (28.6%), rise/slow decline (13.1%), and rise/steep decline (31.5%). The FSH trajectories were: low (10.6%), medium (48.7%), and high (41.7%) rising patterns. Obesity increased the likelihood of a flat E2 and low FSH trajectory for all race/ethnic groups. Normal-weight Caucasian and African-American women tended to follow the rise/steep decline E2 and high FSH trajectories. Normal-weight Chinese/Japanese women tended to follow the slow decline E2 and the high/medium FSH trajectories. CONCLUSIONS E2 and FSH trajectories over the menopausal transition are not uniform across the population of women. Race/ethnicity and body mass index affect the trajectory of both E2 and FSH change over the menopausal transition.
Altered patterning of dentate granule cell mossy fiber inputs onto CA3 pyramidal cells in limbic epilepsy

Impaired gating by hippocampal dentate granule cells may promote the development of limbic epilepsy by facilitating seizure spread through the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit. The second synapse in this circuit, the dentate granule cell≫CA3 pyramidal cell connection, may be of particular importance because pathological changes occurring within the dentate likely exert their principal effect on downstream CA3 pyramids. Here, we utilized GFP‐expressing mice and immunolabeling for the zinc transporter ZnT‐3 to reveal the pre‐ and postsynaptic components of granule cell≫CA3 pyramidal cell synapses following pilocarpine‐epileptogenesis. Confocal analyses of these terminals revealed that while granule cell presynaptic giant boutons increased in size and complexity 1 month after status epilepticus, individual thorns making up the postsynaptic thorny excrescences of the CA3 pyramidal cells were reduced in number. This reduction, however, was transient, and 3 months after status, thorn density recovered. This recovery was accompanied by a significant change in the distribution of thorns along pyramidal cells dendrites. While thorns in control animals tended to be tightly clustered, thorns in epileptic animals were more evenly distributed. Computational modeling of thorn distributions predicted an increase in the number of boutons required to cover equivalent numbers of thorns in epileptic vs. control mice. Confirming this prediction, ZnT‐3 labeling of presynaptic giant boutons apposed to GFP‐expressing thorns revealed a near doubling in bouton density, while the number of individual thorns per bouton was reduced by half. Together, these data provide clear evidence of novel plastic changes occurring within the epileptic hippocampus. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A component-based object detection method extended with a fuzzy inference engine

In this paper, we propose a component-based object detection method extended with the fuzzy inference technique. The proposed method detects constituent components of a complex object instead of a whole object in images. For component detection, multiple multi-class support vector machines (SVM) are used in parallel. Each SVM classifies the candidate component using a different low-level image feature. The obtained results are fused to reach a decision about the component. Then, a fuzzy object extractor determines the whole object considering the detected components and their geometric configurations. The fuzzy object extractor is a fuzzy inference engine which tests various combinations of detected components and their fuzzified directions and distances. The initial tests yield promising results and encourage further studies to extend proposed method.
A Class Experiment on Ganglion Block in Human Subjects

a group of 10 adult hirsute women who responded well to corticotrophin. Secondly, certain patients, marked with an asterisk in Table II, may have given submaximal responses, since they received a batch of corticotrophin of poor potency by rat assay. The remainder of the patients all received very potent batches. It is therefore possible that the position of the former patients should be moved vertically upwards when compared with the remainder. In the third place, there are five adult obese males all of whom received potent corticotrophin and four responded feebly, although basal steroid excretion was very adequate. These cases will be discussed further. Interesting results have been obtained when the ratio of the increase in ketogenic steroid excretion is compared with the increase in ketosteroid excretion (Fig. 5). For further reasons, which will become apparent, data in this chart have been confined to patients receiving a single very potent batch of corticotrophin (89754). The figures plotted represent the highest levels of ketogenic steroid or ketosteroid attained during the four days of the test. The majority of the observations fall near or below a line indicating a ratio of ketogenic steroids to ketosteroids of 2 to 1. The two normal children are below it. This indicates a relatively greater responsiveness of corticoids. Ferrazzini, Borth, and Mach (1952) have published data on 10 children, using older methods of assessment, indicating that they are very responsive in 'this respect, whereas the level to which ketosteroids rise is low. In one of our children, a girl aged 9, ketosteroids reached a level of 10 mg. per day, and in the other, a boy aged 11 and therefore nearing puberty, they reached 22 mg. per day. Also in this area of the chart are the patients with basal hypo-adrenal corticalism. There are nine women with post-pubertal hirsutism, all of whom have responded well to corticotrophin. Their response will be examined in greater detail. The responses of the entire miscellaneous group of patients to corticotrophin may be summarized as follows: (1) Low ketosteroids and ketogenic steroids with no response to corticotrophin-Addison's disease. (2) Low resting steroid excretion with rapid and often high response in ketogenic steroids-basal hypo-adrenal corticalism. (3) Normal resting steroids with normal response to corticotrophin, the ketogenic steroid excretion then exceeding the ketosteroid excretion. (4) Normal to high resting ketogenic steroids, ketosteroids not usually elevated, with rapid and large response of ketogenic steroids to corticotrophin-Cushing's syndrome (see remainder of lectures, to appear next week). (5) Normal ketogenic steroids with possibly some elevation of resting ketosteroids, a good response of ketogenic steroids to corticotrophin, and a supernormal response of ketosteroids -for example, in post-pubertal hirsutism. It is therefore meaningless to express the increase in steroid excretion due to corticotrophin as a percentage of the basal level, as has often been done in the past.
Basal and Meal-Induced Somatostatln-Like Immunoreactivity in Healthy Subjects and in IDDM and Totally Pancreatectomized Patients: Effects of Acute Blood Glucose Normalization

We investigated the impact of blood glucose normalization on plasma levels of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in subjects with C-peptidenegative insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and in totally pancreatectomized patients. Patients were studied during hyperglycemia and during normoglycemia, which was attained by Biostatordirected feedback insulin infusion. The experiments were performed in the fasted state and after a standardized breakfast. In IDDM (n = 6), basal levels of SLI were significantly higher than in nondiabetic subjects (n = 18). In IDDM, normalization of hyperglycemia was followed by a 40% decline in basal SLI (P < .05). After the meal, SLI increased to the same absolute levels with or without feedback insulin treatment; however, the incremental response was 60% higher during feedback insulin treatment (P < .05). Treatment also suppressed fasting and postprandial levels of glucagon, whereas gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels were unaltered. In four pancreatectomized patients, normoglycemia tended to lower plasma levels of SLI by 50% (P < .1). After breakfast, an SLI response was noted during normoglycemia, whereas no significant effect of the meal was seen during hyperglycemia. We conclude that in IDDM and in totally pancreatectomized patients, administration of insulin with subsequent normalization of blood glucose is accompanied by a decline in plasma levels of SLI in the fasted state, whereas the apparent response to a meal is enhanced. These effects on plasma levels of SLI probably reflect to a major extent release of somatostatin from the gastrointestinal tract.
Antibiotic-Sensitive TolC Mutants and Their Suppressors

ABSTRACT The TolC protein of Escherichia coli, through its interaction with AcrA and AcrB, is thought to form a continuous protein channel that expels inhibitors from the cell. Consequently, tolC null mutations display a hypersensitive phenotype. Here we report the isolation and characterization of tolC missense mutations that direct the synthesis of mutant TolC proteins partially disabled in their efflux role. All alterations, consisting of single amino acid substitutions, were localized within the periplasmic α-helical domain. In two mutants carrying an I106N or S350F substitution, the hypersensitivity phenotype may be in part due to aberrant TolC assembly. However, two other alterations, R367H and R390C, disrupted efflux function by affecting interactions among the helices surrounding TolC's periplasmic tunnel. Curiously, these two TolC mutants were sensitive to a large antibiotic, vancomycin, and exhibited a Dex+ phenotype. These novel phenotypes of TolCR367H and TolCR390C were likely the result of a general influx of molecules through a constitutively open tunnel aperture, which normally widens only when TolC interacts with other proteins during substrate translocation. An intragenic suppressor alteration (T140A) was isolated from antibiotic-resistant revertants of the hypersensitive TolCR367H mutant. T140A also reversed, either fully (R390C) or partially (I106N and S350F), the hypersensitivity phenotype of other TolC mutants. Our data suggest that this global suppressor phenotype of T140A is the result of impeded antibiotic influx caused by tapering of the tunnel passage rather than by correcting individual mutational defects. Two extragenic suppressors of TolCR367H, mapping in the regulatory region of acrAB, uncoupled the AcrR-mediated repression of the acrAB genes. The resulting overexpression of AcrAB reduced the hypersensitivity phenotype of all the TolC mutants. Similar results were obtained when the chromosomal acrR gene was deleted or the acrAB genes were expressed from a plasmid. Unlike the case for the intragenic suppressor T140A, the overexpression of AcrAB diminished hypersensitivity towards only erythromycin and novobiocin, which are substrates of the TolC-AcrAB efflux pump, but not towards vancomycin, which is not a substrate of this pump. This showed that the two types of suppressors produced their effects by fundamentally different means, as the intragenic suppressor decreased the general influx while extragenic suppressors increased the efflux of TolC-AcrAB pump-specific antibiotics.
Fatty layer of the precorneal film in the ‘office eye syndrome’

Abstract The thickness of the fatty layer of the precorneal film was estimated by the semiquantitative inteference method in 70 office workers from two town halls in Copenhagen County and compared with that in 110 controls from the general population. There were significant correlations between use of eye make‐up and a thin fatty layer (≤ 50 nm, P=0.023) and between investigation time before 12 h and a thick fatty layer (≥ 150 nm, P=0.046). After correction for these confounders, the fatty layer was significantly reduced in the office population compared with the controls (P=0.0032). Furthermore, absence of biomicroscopically dry eyes (expressed as a combination of premature break‐up of the tear film and lissamine green‐stained epithelial damage of the bulbar conjunctiva) was significantly correlated to a thick fatty layer (≥ 150 nm, P=0.015), indicating that a thick fatty layer may protect the eyes against development of dry eyes. The results indicate that deficiency in available Meibomina oil is involved in the dry eye syndrome we earlier found to be associated with eye irritation in the office environment and termed the ‘office eye syndrome’. Together with observation of foam in the eye canthus, estimation of break‐up time, and examination for clusters of epithelial damage on the bulbar conjunctiva, measurement of the fatty layer appears to be an easy tool for diagnosing the ‘office eye syndrome’ or for differentiating this disorder from other conditions with complaints of dryness or irritation.
Sobrepeso/obesidad y nivel socioeconómico en niños de la enseñanza primaria de la provincia de Adén, Yemen, 2009

Introduction: overweight and obesity are escalating health problems in both developed and developing countries. Objective: to verify whether overweight/obesity is related to socioeconomic status among primary school children in Aden Governorate, Yemen. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed on 1885 students, 6-16 years old, during 2009, selected by using multistage stratified random sampling technique. Body weight and height were measured directly; percentiles were identified for body mass index, based on the new World Health Organization growth reference http://scielo.sld. cu 364 Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas 2013;12(3):364-373 standards, 2007. A survey to the parents was applied to establish the socioeconomic status through the variables: type of school, family income per capita and educational level of parents. Results: the prevalence of wasted was 10.1%, normal-weight 69.2%, overweight 12.7%, and obese 8.0%. There were statistically significant relationships between overweight/obesity and private school and high family income per capita. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher in children with high educational level of parents. Conclusions: overweight/obesity in primary school children from Aden Governorate, Yemen is related to private school, high family income per capita and probably also to high educational level of parents. More research is needed on the influence of socioeconomic factors in children obesity in the country, which is essential to set up effective prevention policies.
Périhépatite de découverte percoelioscopique pour infertilité a l'Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé : prévalence et corrélation avec les lésions tubo-pelviennes

Dans le but de determiner la prevalence de la perihepatite en coelioscopie pour infertilite et de rechercher la correlation avec les lesions tubo-pelviennes retrouvees, nous avons analyse de facon transversale les trouvailles percoelioscopiques des patientes operees pour infertilite a l’Hopital Gyneco-Obstetrique et Pediatrique de Yaounde de novembre 2008 a octobre 2009. Nous avons enregistre 52 cas de perihepatite sur 130 coelioscopies effectuees pour infertilite ; soit une frequence de 40%. La moyenne d’âge etait de 32,28 ans. Les antecedents les plus retrouves etaient la pelvialgie chronique (50,8%), la notion d’infection sexuellement transmissible a chlamydia et/ou mycoplasmes (46,9%), la chirurgie pelvienne (27,7%). L’infertilite secondaire etait retrouvee chez 73,8% de nos patientes. Une correlation etait notee entre la presence de la perihepatite et la severite des lesions tubaires et pelviennes adherentielles. En conclusion, nous notons une frequence elevee de la perihepatite chez nos patientes infertiles lors des coelioscopies et une forte correlation avec la severite des lesions tubaires et adherentielles pelviennes.
Looking at the video/computer games industry : what implications does gender socialisation have for women in counter-stereotypical careers?

Figures show that the games industry remains a male dominated occupation. Anecdotally a link has been proposed between higher male consumption of platform-based games and career choices, though figures also show a higher female to male ratio in social networking games. This suggests that perhaps the type of gameplay may influence career choice. This study therefore interviews women who have chosen a counter-stereotypical gendered career pathway and who are students in Further Education and Higher Education who are in the process of making career choices, to understand better a potential link between gameplay and career choice. The key findings relate to the positive emotive language utilised by the participants, a suggested link between gameplay, the concept of a 'gamer' and the choice of the games industry as a career, and serious concerns of abusive online gaming behaviour experienced by females. By adopting a subtle realist approach this study found a strong emotive view of games and the games development courses created a quantifiable link to a career. A high level of identifiable traits, traditionally considered both masculine and feminine, suggested that an outmoded view of gender stereotypes also appeared to negatively affect career choice. From the findings further research is suggested in relation to experiences of females both within the industry and at secondary school. At a wider level this study suggests both games courses and the industry would benefit from incorporating both traditionally masculine and feminine traits as part of developing more effective and inclusive recruitment strategies. Finally further research is proposed regarding how games and the gaming community relate to females both as characters and as players.
Evaluation of Vitek GPS-SA card for testing of oxacillin against borderline-susceptible staphylococci that lack mec

Fifty-one Staphylococcus aureus strains lacking mec for which oxacillin MICs were 1 to 8 micrograms/ml were tested against oxacillin and the combination of oxacillin and clavulanic acid with the Vitek GPS-SA card, the reference broth microdilution method, and the oxacillin agar screen plate. Of the 51 strains, 44 (86%) did not grow on the oxacillin agar screen plate, broth microdilution MICs were 1 to 2 micrograms/ml, and GPS-SA card MICs were < or = 2 micrograms/ml, with the exception of 3 strains that failed to grow in the card on repeated attempts. Another seven strains did grow on the oxacillin agar screen plate. For four of the latter group of strains, oxacillin broth microdilution MICs were > 4 micrograms/ml and GPS-SA card MICs were > or = 4 micrograms/ml; for the other 3 strains, corresponding MICs were 4 and < or = 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. The GPS-SA card classified 86% of strains as oxacillin susceptible.
STM-Induced Hydrogen Desorption via a Hole Resonance

We report STM-induced desorption of H from $\mathrm{Si}\left(100\right)\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{H}\left(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1\right)$ at negative sample bias. The desorption rate exhibits a power-law dependence on current and a maximum desorption rate at $\ensuremath{-}7\mathrm{V}$. The desorption is explained by vibrational heating of H due to inelastic scattering of tunneling holes with the Si-H $5\ensuremath{\sigma}$ hole resonance. The dependence of desorption rate on current and bias is analyzed using a novel approach for calculating inelastic scattering, which includes the effect of the electric field between tip and sample. We show that the maximum desorption rate at $\ensuremath{-}7\mathrm{V}$ is due to a maximum fraction of inelastically scattered electrons at the onset of the field emission regime.