Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coping styles in farmed fish: consequences for aquaculture

Individual differences in physiological and behavioural responses to stressors are increasingly recognised as adaptive variation and thus raw material for evolution and fish farming improvements including selective breeding. Such individual variation has been evolutionarily conserved and is present in all vertebrate taxa including fish. In farmed animals, the interest in consistent trait associations, that is coping styles, has increased dramatically over the last years because many studies have demonstrated links to performance traits, health and disease susceptibility and welfare. This study will review (i) the main behavioural, neuroendocrine, cognitive and emotional differences between reactive and proactive coping styles in farmed fish; (ii) the methodological approaches used to identify coping styles in farmed fish, including individual (group) mass-screening tests; and (iii) how knowledge on coping styles may contribute to improved sustainability of the aquaculture industry, including welfare and performance of farmed fish. Moreover, we will suggest areas for future research, where genetic basis (heritability/epigenetic) of coping styles, and the neuroendocrine mechanisms behind consistent as well as flexible behavioural patterns are pinpointed as central themes. In addition, the ontogeny of coping styles and the influence of age, social context and environmental change in coping styles will also be discussed.
A Theory of Demographic Transition and Fertility Rebound in the Process of Economic Development

Recent evidence of increasing fertility rates in developed countries, offers support to the idea that, from the onset of early industrialisation to the present day, the dynamics of fertility can be represented by an N-shaped curve. An OLG model with parental investment in human capital can account for these observed movements in fertility rates during the different phases of demographic change. A demographic transition with declining fertility emerges at the intermediate phase, when parents engage on a child quantity-quality tradeoff. At later stages however, the continuing process of economic growth generates sufficient resources so that households can rear more children while still providing the desirable amount of educational investment per child.
A bibliometric review of the innovation adoption literature

Innovation adoption is of utmost importance for company survival. Hence it is relevant to develop a thorough understanding of this research domain and the themes it includes. Since the early work of Everett Rogers, the adoption of innovation literature has attracted considerable attention and has continued to grow rapidly which resulted in a large but also fragmented body of literature. The goal of our study is to provide a coherent overview of the theoretical cornerstones as well as the recent research trends of the adoption of innovations literature. We conducted a bibliometric review and perform bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis. These analyses allowed us to identify clusters of thematically related publications. Citation analysis is used to identify publications that have been cited together and form the corner stones of the innovation adoption literature. Bibliographic coupling is used to define the research front of publications that are cited together in the more recent literature and.
Beyond Valuation: “Options Thinking” in IT Project Management

Real options can be a powerful tool for quantifying the value of strategic and operational flexibility associated with uncertain IT investments. However, they also constitute a new way of thinking about how projects can be organized and managed to maximize upside potential while minimizing downside risk. Explains how practitioners can incorporate options thinking into contemporary IT project management. Options thinking means recognizing real options and how they add value. Just as important is managing projects so that the option value that exists in theory is realized in practice. Several real-world examples illustrate how the value of embedded real options can be realized through active project management. There are pitfalls associated with each option, as well as benefits and limitations of different approaches to valuing options. Organizations must decide whether to undertake the challenges of adopting options thinking as a project management philosophy.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PREVALENT AND TRADITIONAL PRELACTEAL FEEDING PRACTICES AND THEIR RELEVANCE

Prelacteal feeding is a common practice which is prevalent in almost all the communities throughout World invariably of any caste, creed and nation. Mostly, it is established as a tradition in different communities and treated as a part of culture. But as present study reveals it is also a need of the infants that emerged due to certain specific mental, physical and medical conditions of mothers during post natal period. Though present paper a sincere attempt has been made to analyze all the relevant dimensions of prelacteal feeding practices and it relevance for the well being of infants.
Integration at a cost: evidence from volatility impulse response functions

We investigate the international information transmission between the US and the rest of the G-7 countries using daily stock market return data covering the last 20 years. A split-sample analysis reveals that the linkages between the markets have changed substantially in the recent era (i.e. post-1995 period), suggesting increased interdependence in the volatility of the markets under scrutiny. Our findings based on a volatility impulse response analysis suggest that this interdependence combined with increased persistence in the volatility of all markets make volatility shocks perpetuate for a significantly longer period nowadays compared to the pre-1995 era.
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF SAHIWAL CALVES FED WHOLE MILK AND MILK REPLACER WITH OR WITHOUT CALF STARTER

The objective of trial was to determine the effect of feeding whole milk or milk replacer during early age on average daily gain and growth of Sahiwal calves. The experiment was conducted at Livestock Experimental Station, Jahangirabad on forty eight new born female calves. Calves were fed colostrums and whole milk (WM) @ 10 % of body weight during first 14 days of age . The calves were randomly allotted six treatment groups i.e. A, B, C, D, E and F and were offered WM (Control), WM+calf starter (CS), WM+Milk replacer (MR), WM+MR+CS, MR and MR+CS, respectively. The experiment continued for 120 days. Daily milk intake was highest (P<0.05) in calves on treatment WM+CS (2.33±0.21 kg) followed by WM, MR, WM+MR+CS and MR+CS, respectively. Highest daily gain (P<0.05) was observed in the calves on treatment WM+MR+CS (0.38±0.02 kg). Increase in body height (P<0.05) was 0.70±0.07, 1.08±0.10, 0.75±0.09, 1.14±0.09, 0.74±0.09 and 1.13±0.10 cm, respectively on WM, WM+CS, WM+MR, WM+MR+CS, MR and MR+CSat fortnightly interval . Increase in body length was highest (P<0.05) on WM+CS diet. Significant differences (P<0.05) in heart girth were recorded among treatments. Cost to gain ratio was lowest (Rs 156.68) on treatment MR+CS. Key word: Whole Milk, Milk Replacer, calf starter, Body measurement s
The boundary effect: Perceived post hoc accuracy of prediction intervals

Predictions of magnitudes (costs, durations, environmental events) are often given as uncertainty intervals (ranges). When are such forecasts judged to be correct? We report results of four experiments showing that forecasted ranges of expected natural events (floods and volcanic eruptions) are perceived as accurate when an observed magnitude falls inside or at the boundary of the range, with little regard to its position relative to the “most likely” (central) estimate. All outcomes that fell inside a wide interval were perceived as equally well captured by the forecast, whereas identical outcomes falling outside a narrow range were deemed to be incorrectly predicted, in proportion to the magnitude of deviation. In these studies, ranges function as categories, with boundaries distinguishing between right or wrong predictions, even for outcome distributions that are acknowledged as continuous, and for boundaries that are arbitrarily defined (for instance, when the narrow prediction interval is defined as capturing 50 percent and the wide 90 percent of all potential outcomes). However, the boundary effect is affected by label. When the upper limit of a range is described as a value that “can” occur (Experiment 5), outcomes both below and beyond this value were regarded as consistent with the forecast.
Effects of helicity on dissipation in homogeneous box turbulence

The dimensionless dissipation coefficient $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}L/U^{3}$ , where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}$ is the dissipation rate, $U$ the root-mean-square velocity and $L$ the integral length scale, is an important characteristic of statistically stationary homogeneous turbulence. In studies of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ , the external force is typically isotropic and large scale, and its helicity $H_{f}$ either zero or not measured. Here, we study the dependence of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ on $H_{f}$ and find that it decreases $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ by up to 10 % for both isotropic forces and shear flows. The numerical finding is supported by static and dynamical upper bound theory. Both show a relative reduction similar to the numerical results. That is, the qualitative and quantitative dependence of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ on the helicity of the force is well captured by upper bound theory. Consequences for the value of the Kolmogorov constant and theoretical aspects of turbulence control and modelling are discussed in connection with the properties of the external force. In particular, the eddy viscosity in large-eddy simulations of homogeneous turbulence should be decreased by at least 10 % in the case of strongly helical forcing.
CPU Security Benchmark

The current electronic-economy is booming, electronic-wallets, encrypted virtual-money, mobile payments, and other new generations of economic instruments are springing up. As the most important cornerstone, CPU is facing serious security challenges. And with the blowout of actual application requirements, the importance of CPU security testing is increasing. However, the actual security threats to computer systems are also becoming increasingly rampant (now attackers often use multiple different types of vulnerabilities to construct complex attack systems, not just a single attack chain). The traditional vulnerability detection model is not capable of comprehensive security assessment. We first proposed a comprehensive CPU Security Benchmark solution with high coverage for existing known vulnerabilities, including Undocumented Instructions detection, Control Flow Integrity test, Memory Errors detection, and Cache Side Channels detection, Out of Order and Speculative execution vulnerabilities (Meltdown and Spectre series) tests, and more. Our benchmark provides meaningful and constructive feedbacks for evading architecture/microarchitecture design flaws, system security (OS and libraries) software patches design, and user programming vulnerabilities tips. We hope that the work of this paper will promote the computer system security testing from the past scatter point and line mode (single specific vulnerability and attack chain testing) to coordinated and whole surface mode (multi-type vulnerabilities and attack network testing), thus creating a new research direction of the comprehensive and balanced CPU Security Benchmark. Our test suite will play an inspiring role in the comprehensive assessment of security in personal computer devices (PC/Mobile Phone) and large server clusters (Servers/Cloud), as well as the construction of more secure Block-Chain nodes (IOT), and many other practical applications.
Controls on the tropospheric oxidizing capacity during an idealized Dansgaard‐Oeschger event, and their implications for the rapid rises in atmospheric methane during the last glacial period

The ice core record reveals large variations in the concentration of atmospheric methane, [CH4], over the last 800 kyr. Amongst the most striking natural features are the large, rapid rises in [CH4], of 100–200 ppbv, on timescales of less than 100 years, at the beginning of Dansgaard‐Oeschger (D‐O) events during the last glacial period (21–110 kyr before present). Despite the potential insight they could offer into the likelihood of future rapid rises in [CH4], the relative roles of changes in methane sources and sinks during D‐O events have been little explored. Here, we use a global atmospheric chemistry‐transport model to explore—for the first time, in a process‐based fashion—controls on the oxidizing capacity during an idealized D‐O event that features a characteristically rapid rise in [CH4]. We find that the two controls previously identified in the literature as having had significant (though opposing) influences on the oxidizing capacity between glacial and interglacial periods—changes in air temperature and emissions of non‐methane volatile organic compounds from vegetation—offset one another between idealized Heinrich stadial and Greenland interstadial states. The result is, the net change in oxidizing capacity is very small, implying the rapid rises in [CH4] at the beginning of D‐O events were almost entirely source‐driven. This poses a challenge to earth‐system models—to generate a sufficiently large increase in methane emissions in response to a simulated D‐O event, via a more realistic freshwater forcing impacting the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation or, possibly, other climate‐change mechanisms.
The Changing Life Cycle Pattern in Female Employment: A Comparison of Germany and the UK

Employment rates of women have been rising but women are often part-time employed and employment interruptions over the life-cycle are linked to family formation. This paper analyzes empirically full-time and part-time employment of different skill groups of women in the UK and West Germany. Patterns of part-time and full-time employment are different across skill groups and countries. Full-time employment declines and part-time employment increases with age. Time trends do not change in a monotonous way across skill groups and they differ by country. The strong increase in part-time rates in both countries over time can mainly be attributed to composition effects.
The Link between Corporate Social Performance and Financial Performance: Evidence from Indonesian Companies

This study examines the relationship of corporate social performance (CSP) to corporate financial performance (CFP) to determine if CSP is related to firm performance. Additionally, it examines whether firm size or industry affects the relationships between CSR and CSP. This study advances the literature as it examines this relationship for companies in a developing country, Indonesia, along with examining the impact of moderating variables on this relationship. Two models were developed: the first model was derived using slack resource theory and the second model was developed using the good management theory. Through the examination of 383 firms, the result of the study failed to find a significant relationship between CSP and CFP in either model. Further analysis, using the slack resource theory, did find that company size had a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between CSP and CFP.
Identification of earthquake precursors in the hydrogeochemical and geoacoustic data for the Kamchatka peninsula by flicker-noise spectroscopy

Abstract. A phenomenological systems approach for identifying potential precursors in multiple signals of different types for the same local seismically active region is proposed based on the assumption that a large earthquake may be preceded by a system reconfiguration (preparation) on different time and space scales. A nonstationarity factor introduced within the framework of flicker-noise spectroscopy, a statistical physics approach to the analysis of time series, is used as the dimensionless criterion for detecting qualitative (precursory) changes within relatively short time intervals in arbitrary signals. Nonstationarity factors for chlorine-ion concentration variations in the underground water of two boreholes on the Kamchatka peninsula and geacoustic emissions in a deep borehole within the same seismic zone are studied together in the time frame around a large earthquake on 8 October 2001. It is shown that nonstationarity factor spikes (potential precursors) take place in the interval from 70 to 50 days before the earthquake for the hydrogeochemical data and at 29 and 6 days in advance for the geoacoustic data.
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Air and Patients of Intensive Care Units

Abstract To understand the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of air and clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, the intensive care unit settings of a hospital in Northern China were surveyed in 2014. Twenty non-duplicate A. baumannii isolates were obtained from patients and five isolates of airborne A. baumannii were obtained from the wards’ corridors. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to analyze the homology relationships of isolates. Resistance and resistance genes were detected by drug susceptibility test and PCR. The results demonstrated that all isolates can be classified into eight PFGE types and four sequence types (ST208, ST195, ST369 and ST530). A pair of isolates from patients (TAaba004) and from the air (TAaba012) that share 100% similarity in PFGE was identified, indicating that air might be a potential and important transmission route for A. baumannii. More than 80% of the isolates were resistant to carbapenems and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Twenty-four isolates, which were resistant to carbapenems, carried the blaOXA-23-like gene. The data indicated that air might be an alternative way for the transmission of A. baumannii. Hospitals should pay more attention to this route, and design new measures accordingly.
Minority and Majority Influence on Attitudes

In a complex world a quick evaluation of objects and situations is very helpful. It can guide our attention and behavior toward the things that matter to us. Attitudes are such evaluations. They can refer to anything one can conceive of: individuals and groups, products, music, or even smells, as well as suggestions and ideas. For example, when we meet someone new, we form an attitude toward our new acquaintance within seconds. Often, we do not know where this affective reaction comes from.
From personal values to creativity: evidence from frontline service employees

Purpose – This paper seeks to examine how personal values and the way employees respond to the organization and the job impact on employee creativity. Specifically, the paper proposes a framework that argues that creativity is a function of the employee's personal values, of organizational commitment and customer orientation. Moreover, it also aims to investigate the moderating effects of commitment and customer orientation on the relationship between personal values and employee creativity.Design/methodology/approach – The conceptual model was tested empirically using data collected by questionnaire in a sample of 266 bank employees. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis is relied on to test the hypothesized model.Findings – The empirical results indicate that personal values, organizational commitment, and customer orientation are important drivers of the creativity of frontline employees. In addition, the paper also detected some moderating and mediating effects.Originality/value – The contribution.
The Impact of Telecommunication Technologies on Competition in Services and Goods Markets: Empirical Evidence

In this paper, we empirically show that a more intensive use and wider adoption of telecommunication technologies significantly increases the level of product market competition in services and goods markets. Our results are consistent with the view that the use of telecommunication technologies can lower the costs of entry and search. These findings are robust to various measures of competition and a wide range of specification checks.
Anxiety and Emotional Discomfort in the School Environment: The Interplay of School Processes, Learning Strategies, and Children's Mental Health

Children and adolescents try to look strong and beautiful to their peers, deal with the pressure to succeed in sports, achieve good grades, and develop positive and lasting relationships. School is the place where children spend most of their daily hours, trying to meet these challenges while they define their identities. Consequently, experiences at school influence every aspect of development during childhood and adolescence, ranging from the construction of their intellectual capital to their emotional and physical well-being to the establishment of peer and child-adult relations (Eccles & Roeser, 2011).
Research Note: The slow growth of foreign direct investment in the Soviet Union successor states

This note reviews the statistical evidence on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the countries of the former Soviet Union taking into account data from both host countries and countries of origin. The main characteristics of this FDI and its variation among the successor states of the Soviet Union are established. The contribution of FDI to economic transition is so far limited to some sectors and regions, and unlikely to accelerate in the near future. JEL classification: F21, F23, P31.
Comparing Continuous and Dichotomous Scoring of Social Desirability Scales: Effects of Different Scoring Methods on the Reliability and Validity of the Winkler-Kroh-Spiess BIDR Short Scale

Dieser Artikel analysiert auf Basis der PISA-Daten die Entwicklung der schulischen Ungleichheit in der Schweiz zwischen 2003 und 2012. Wir zeigen zunachst, dass sich die kantonalen Bildungssysteme auf zwei Ebenen unterscheiden: einerseits in Bezug auf das durchschnittliche Kompetenzniveau der Schuler am Ende der obligatorischen Schulzeit (der sogenannten «Wirksamkeit») – und andrerseits in Bezug auf die je nach sozio-okonomischer Lage ihrer Familie ungleichen Verteilung dieses erworbenen Schulwissens. Danach vergleichen wir zwei Formen, wie Schulerinnen und Schuler auf der Sekundarstufe I Leistungsklassen zugeteilt werden: einerseits solche, die gleichaltrige Schuler in mehreren, nach schulischem Niveau getrennten Schultypen unterrichten; andrerseits integrierte Systeme, die alle Leistungsniveaus in denselben Klassen einschulen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass getrennte Schulsysteme tendenziell Ungleichheiten im Erwerb von Kenntnissen zwischen den Schulern verstarken. Dies erklart sich aus der Rolle der schulischen Segregation. Schultypen, die Schulerinnen und Schuler nach dem Niveau ihrer schulischen Leistungen in getrennten Schulen und Klassen unterrichten, separieren sie indirekt auch nach ihren sozialen Merkmalen. Das hat einen Einfluss darauf, welche Bildung Schulerinnen und Schuler aus unterschiedlichen sozialen Milieus angeboten wird. Dieser Beitrag wurde im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts « Comment organiser l’enseignement secondaire obligatoire ? Une etude des reformes scolaires et de leurs effets dans trois cantons romands » (100019_156702/1) des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds geschrieben.