Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scopes of intervention and evolutionary paths for argentinian universities transfer offices*

ABSTRACT The majority of researches on knowledge and technology transfer from universities focused on the topic of processes which can improve the efficiency of the commercialization of R&D results. Furthermore, the different channels of transfer have been studied mainly independent of each other. This article develops a more strategic approach and proposes an integrated view of 16 channels of transfer organized around four core competences and considering their main form of governance. The empirical analysis is based on data gathered through a survey and an interview on a sample of 29 Argentinian National Universities publicly funded. The findings highlight four types of strategies – integral, network, entrepreneurial and undetermined – and two main types of potential evolutionary paths. The ability to differentiate the scopes of the intervention of universities transfer activities has implications for universities as well as for policymakers.
Myelin Membrane Structure and Composition Correlated: A Phylogenetic Study

Abstract: We have correlated myelin membrane structure with biochemical composition in the CNS and PNS of a phylogenetic series of animals, including elasmobranchs, teleosts, amphibians, and mammals. X‐ray diffraction patterns were recorded from freshly dissected, unfixed tissue and used to determine the thicknesses of the lipid bilayer and the widths of the spaces between membranes at their cytoplasmic and extracellular appositions. The lipid and protein compositions of myelinated tissue from selected animals were determined by TLC and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel elec‐trophoresis/immunoblotting, respectively. We found that(l) there were considerable differences in lipid (particularly gly‐colipid) composition, but no apparent phylogenetic trends; (2) the lipid composition did not seem to affect either the bilayer thickness, which was relatively constant, or the membrane separation; (3) the CNS of elasmobranch and teleost and the PNS of all four classes contained polypeptides that were recognized by antibodies against myelin Po glycoprotein; (4) antibodies against proteolipid protein (PLP) were recognized only by amphibian and mammalian CNS; (5) wide extracellular spaces (ranging from 36 to 48 Å) always correlated with the presence of Po‐immunoreactive protein; (6) the narrowest extracellular spaces (∼31 Å) were observed only in PLP‐containing myelin; (7) the cytoplasmic space in PLP‐containing myelin (∼31 Å) averaged ∼5Å less than that in Po‐containing myelin; (8) even narrower cytoplasmic spaces (∼24Å) were measured when both Po and 11–13‐kilodalton basic protein were detected; (9) proteins immu‐noreactive to antibodies against myelin P2 basic protein were present in elasmobranch and teleost CNS and/or PNS, and in mammalian PNS, but not in amphibian tissues; and (10) among mammalian PNS myelins, the major difference in structure was a variation in membrane separation at the cytoplasmic apposition. These findings demonstrate which features of myelin structure have remained constant and which have become specifically altered as myelin composition changed during evolutionary development.
Children's health insurance status and emergency department utilization in the United States.

OBJECTIVES Emergency department (ED) overcrowding has become a national problem. Children account for nearly 25% of overall ED visits. It has been reported that uninsured and publicly insured children are likely to visit the ED for urgent and nonurgent problems, yet it remains unclear to what extent health insurance status would influence children's overall ED utilization or ED utilization for nonurgent problems at the national level after controlling for other confounding factors. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of health insurance status on children's overall ED utilization and children's ED utilization for nonurgent problems among the general pediatric population in the United States. METHODS Secondary analysis of the household component of the 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey on 10 193 children younger than 18 years. The main outcome measures were annual overall ED utilization and ED utilization for nonurgent problems. RESULTS During 1997, 10.8% of children were uninsured for the entire year. A total of 17.5% of children were publicly insured the entire year, whereas 55.3% of children held private insurance the entire year. There were also 16.5% of children who were insured only part of the year. Without adjusting for covariates, publicly insured children were more likely to have an ED visit during the year than both privately insured children (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.55) and uninsured children (unadjusted OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.1-1.95). The difference between publicly insured and privately insured children (adjusted OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.70-1.16) and between publicly insured and uninsured children (adjusted OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.84-1.49) became insignificant after controlling for covariates. With or without adjustments for covariates, there was no significant difference in the likelihood of having an ED visit between privately insured and uninsured children. Similar to the utilization pattern of overall ED visits, publicly insured children were more likely to have a nonurgent ED visit than both privately insured (unadjusted OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.36-2.53) and uninsured children (unadjusted OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.15-2.84). Both differences disappeared after controlling for covariates. There was no significant difference in the likelihood of nonurgent ED visits between privately insured and uninsured children with or without adjustments for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Health insurance status was not associated with children's overall ED use or children's ED use for nonurgent problems at the national level. Our findings suggest that policy efforts in an attempt to relieve ED overcrowding conditions should look for measures beyond solely making changes in health insurance coverage for children.
Statistical modeling for growth data in linear mixed models - Implications derived from an example of a population comparison of Golden Hamsters

Using statistical modeling to determine the structure of expectation and covariance employed during analysis is a common feature of analytical research. This paper describes the necessary methodology for, and illustrates those techniques that are of special importance in, practical modeling and evaluation scenarios (likelihood ratio test, analytical criteria, residual analysis). Our approach is demonstrated upon a population comparison, taken on various measurement dates, that focuses on a wild population and a laboratory population of Golden Hamsters. The selected example is particularly suited due to the fact that – aside from the actual growth function of interest – additional fixed (e.g. effect of different mating periods, litter size) and random factors (e.g. maternal environment, repeated performances per animal) must be considered. The modeling shows significant efficiency regarding the improvement of the analytical criteria. The recommended evaluation model leads to a very close match of the observed ordinary least square residuals and of the variance and covariance functions, respectively, that have been derived from the estimated covariance structure.
Homicides and the Age of Criminal Responsibility: A Density Discontinuity Approach

ABSTRACT:We employ a density discontinuity design to evaluate the deterrence effect of more severe punishments around the legal age of criminal responsibility in Brazil. Motivated by the criminology literature, we propose a novel proxy based on the inherent risk underlying criminal activities. Using violent death rates as a proxy for an individual's involvement in violent crime, we find no discernible deterrence effects. We additionally study arrest data from the country's third most populous state, Rio de Janeiro, and discuss the advantages of our proxy in light of potential underreporting biases from using criminal records.
A paradigm shift rhetoric and theory-practice gap in online higher education:a case study of an open university

In this paper, I critically examine a theory-practice gap existing in online higher education (HE) with a particular focus on the significant discrepancies between social constructivist learning theories and actual instructional design (ID) practices in an open university context. I perceive theory not as universal or scientific truth but as a historical and discursive product (Foucault, 1970). In this perspective, the theory-practice gap is both the result and the evidence of the disjunction between the common understandings (or discourses) about online HE and the actual state (or realities) of it. This is, therefore, a much more complex social and educational phenomenon than simply a pedagogical issue of how to apply the legitimate learning theories to appropriate ID practices. To better grasp the complexity, I first describe the evolution of instructional technologies and theories of distance education (DE), a predecessor of online education. Second, I analyze one wide-spread academic discourse that has propagated online education as a new learning paradigm in HE and suggested social constructivist theories-informed instructional practices as a better way of doing online HE. This analysis is followed by a qualitative case study of the actual ID practices and circumstances in an open university in North America. By examining the gap between instructional theories and practices in this particular HE context, this study provides insights about how the gap has come into being and some valuable lessons for future research. At this moment, we are witnessing how the rhetoric of the learning paradigm shift in HE has become the doctrine we pursue to further produce the imperative of providing online education across all HE institutions including residential universities. Unless we challenge the social press of this rhetoric and deconstruct our current perspectives on online education, we can neither slow down this seemingly inexorable shift to online education nor fully grasp the actual state of online HE in which the theory-practice gap may continue to increase. Thus, this study ultimately aims to question our current taken-for-granted assumptions about legitimate online HE practices largely influenced by the rhetorical and come up with a more helpful lens to approach the theory-practice gap.
Effectiveness and safety of tisuacryl in treating dentin hypersensitivity (DH).

INTRODUCTION Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a painful tooth condition affecting a large proportion of the world population. While DH is not a direct cause of tooth loss, it does cause discomfort and stress. DH treatment methods include desensitizers, such as fluoride compounds; polycyanoacrylate coating; low intensity laser therapy; and surgery as a last resort. In Cuba, a fluoride varnish, Profilac, is widely used with acceptable results. Tisuacryl, an N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate-based tissue adhesive is licensed in Cuba as a medical device used for closing wounds and as a protective covering or dressing for oral tissues. Experimental use of Tisuacryl in DH treatment has begun recently with good results. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tisuacryl in treating dentin hypersensitivity. METHODS An experimental, prospective, longitudinal, multicenter, non-controlled clinical investigation was conducted using the licensed medical device Tisuacryl. The study universe consisted of patients with DH symptoms who sought treatment at three dental clinics in Havana Province between May 2007 and February 2009. The sample consisted of 152 patients who met inclusion and diagnostic criteria for the study. DH was classified as severe, moderate, or mild. Remission of dentinal pain was the principal variable for evaluating effectiveness. Safety variables were mucosal irritation and burning sensation at the treatment site. Treatment was considered successful if DH was cured, defined as remission of pain and relief of discomfort (irritation or burning sensation) with no other adverse events by the final evaluation on day 6 after treatment initiation. RESULTS Tisuacryl treatment was successful in 96.7% of patients (81.5% with severe DH and 100% with mild to moderate DH). Mucosal irritation was observed in only 1 patient at first evaluation on day 2 but disappeared by the second evaluation. No other adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Tisuacryl was shown to be an effective, safe treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, especially moderate and mild cases.
A Case Study Analysis of Elementary Teachers' Attitudes about Student Discipline and the Implementation of Restorative Justice

1 Chapter 1: Introduction.2 Problem Statement.2 Purpose of the Study.5 Research Questions.5 Definition of Terms.6 Organization of the Study.6 Chapter 2: Literature Review.7 The Problem: Exclusionary Discipline.7 Theoretical Constructs.12 Reintegrative Shaming Theory.13 Restorative Justice Theory.13 Empirical Research.16 Impact of Restorative Practices.16 Implementation of Restorative Practices in Schools.21 Chapter 3: Research Methodology.28 Research Design.29 Participants.30 Sampling Process.30
Cross-Laminated Secondary Timber: Experimental Testing and Modelling the Effect of Defects and Reduced Feedstock Properties

The construction industry creates significant volumes of waste timber, much of which has residual quality and value that dissipates in conventional waste management. This research explored the novel concept of reusing secondary timber as feedstock for cross-laminated timber (CLT). If cross-laminated secondary timber (CLST) can replace conventional CLT, structural steel and reinforced concrete in some applications, this constitutes upcycling to displace materials of greater environmental impacts. The fabrication process and mechanical properties of CLST were tested in small-scale laboratory experiments, which showed no significant difference between the compression stiffness and strength of CLST and a control. Finite element modelling suggested that typical minor defects in secondary timber have only a small effect on CLST panel stiffness in compression and bending. Mechanically Jointed Beams Theory calculations to examine the potential impacts of secondary timber ageing on CLST panels found that this has little effect on compression stiffness if only the crosswise lamellae are replaced. Since use of secondary timber to make CLST has a more significant effect on bending stiffness, effective combinations of primary and secondary timber and their appropriate structural applications are proposed. The article concludes with open research questions to advance this concept towards commercial application.
Structure of the trypanosome haptoglobin–hemoglobin receptor and implications for nutrient uptake and innate immunity

African trypanosomes are protected by a densely packed surface monolayer of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). A haptoglobin–hemoglobin receptor (HpHbR) within this VSG coat mediates heme acquisition. HpHbR is also exploited by the human host to mediate endocytosis of trypanolytic factor (TLF)1 from serum, contributing to innate immunity. Here, the crystal structure of HpHbR from Trypanosoma congolense has been solved, revealing an elongated three α-helical bundle with a small membrane distal head. To understand the receptor in the context of the VSG layer, the dimensions of Trypanosoma brucei HpHbR and VSG have been determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, revealing the receptor to be more elongated than VSG. It is, therefore, likely that the receptor protrudes above the VSG layer and unlikely that the VSG coat can prevent immunoglobulin binding to the receptor. The HpHb-binding site has been mapped by single-residue mutagenesis and surface plasmon resonance. This site is located where it is readily accessible above the VSG layer. A single HbHpR polymorphism unique to human infective T. brucei gambiense has been shown to be sufficient to reduce binding of both HpHb and TLF1, modulating ligand affinity in a delicate balancing act that allows nutrient acquisition but avoids TLF1 uptake.
Vibrio cholerae adherence and colonization in experimental cholera: electron microscopic studies

Colonization of the intestinal epithelium by Vibrio cholerae was examined in two model systems, in ligated ileal loops of adult rabbits and in the patent gut of infant rabbits, using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Time studies in the adult model showed a lag period of up to 1 h before the attachment of significant numbers of the vibrios. The bacteria appeared initially in small patches on the sides of the villi, predominantly along the transverse furrows. The number of adherent bacteria steadily increased, reaching a maximum between 4 and 7 h, when a dense mat of bacteria several layers thick covered much of the villi. After this time there was a rapid decline in the number of V. cholerae bound. By 12 to 16 h only a few bacteria could be seen on the surface of the villi, which had a rough, patchy appearance at these later times. Globular protrusions, with vibrios attached, may play a role in the clearance of bacteria. Colonization and clearance in the patent intestine of the infant rabbit occurred much as in the adult model. However, the bacteria adhered more uniformly and there was no lag in attachment. In both models the majority of bacteria were aligned horizontally with the epithelial surface, but some were attached in an end-on manner, with their flagella extending into the lumen. The bacteria adhered via their surface coats directly to the tips of the microvilli, except for a few vibrios that were partly embedded into the brush border. Some changes in the microvilli occurred as a consequence of the bacterial attachment.
Policy Analysis for Realizing the Potential of Timber Production from Trees Outside Forests (TOF) in India

SUMMARY Trees outside forests (TOF) in India are defined as trees growing outside government recorded forest areas (RFAs). They are well known contributors towards the rural economy, food security and biodiversity. Recently, TOF have emerged as an important source for timber production globally as well as in India after a significant decline of timber production from forests in the last 25 years due to stricter conservation policies, acts and regulations. The paper attempts to analyse the state level TOF policies and guidelines, and suggest strategies to augment timber supply in the country through TOF. Analysis revealed that the potential of TOF for timber production is not being realized due to the absence of a uniform nationwide policy related to management, harvest, transit and marketing of timber from TOF. We further describe how the ambiguity and cumbersome nature of existing policies pose as constraints for farmers who want to grow and benefit from TOF. Finally, the paper concludes with a recommendation for a nationwide strategy for developing an umbrella policy and a network of markets to realize the complete potential of TOF for timber production in India. This in turn would also significantly reduce the growing gap between demand and supply of timber at the country level, in addition to reducing pressure on forests and timber import.
Noise Analysis and Simulation Method for a Single-Slope ADC With CDS in a CMOS Image Sensor

Many mixed-signal circuits are nonlinear time-varying systems whose noise estimation cannot be obtained from the conventional frequency domain noise simulation (FNS). Although the transient noise simulation (TNS) supported by a commercial simulator takes into account nonlinear time-varying characteristics of the circuit, its simulation time is unacceptably long to obtain meaningful noise estimation results. Since the single-slope analog-to-digital converter with correlated double sampling (CDS/SS-ADC) in a CMOS image sensor (CIS) is composed of several operation phases in which the circuit topologies are different from each other, the noise cannot be estimated by the conventional FNS. This paper presents a noise estimation method for the CDS/SS-ADC that uses the FNS results while the transient noise behavior is taken into account. The proposed method provides noise estimation results closer to that of the TNS than the conventional FNS, whereas the simulation time is about the same as that of the FNS.
The magnitude of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous oral health inequalities in Brazil, New Zealand and Australia

OBJECTIVE To compare the magnitude of relative oral health inequalities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous persons from Brazil, New Zealand and Australia. METHODS Data were from surveys in Brazil (2010), New Zealand (2009) and Australia (2004-06 and 2012). Participants were aged 35-44 years and 65-74 years. Indigenous and non-Indigenous inequalities were estimated by prevalence ratios (PR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for sex, age and income. Outcomes included inadequate dentition, untreated dental caries, periodontal disease and the prevalence of "fair" or "poor" self-rated oral health in Australia and New Zealand, and satisfaction with mouth/teeth in Brazil (SROH). RESULTS Irrespective of country, Indigenous persons had worse oral health than their non-Indigenous counterparts in all indicators. The magnitude of these ratios was greatest among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, who, after adjustments, had 2.77 times the prevalence of untreated dental caries (95% CI 1.76, 4.37), 5.14 times the prevalence of fair/poor SROH (95% CI 2.53, 10.43). CONCLUSION Indigenous people had poorer oral health than their non-Indigenous counterparts, regardless of setting. The magnitude of the relative inequalities was greatest among Indigenous Australians for untreated dental decay and poor SROH.
Transcranial cerebellar direct current stimulation and transcutaneous spinal cord direct current stimulation as innovative tools for neuroscientists

Two neuromodulatory techniques based on applying direct current (DC) non‐invasively through the skin, transcranial cerebellar direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcutaneous spinal DCS, can induce prolonged functional changes consistent with a direct influence on the human cerebellum and spinal cord. In this article we review the major experimental works on cerebellar tDCS and on spinal tDCS, and their preliminary clinical applications. Cerebellar tDCS modulates cerebellar motor cortical inhibition, gait adaptation, motor behaviour, and cognition (learning, language, memory, attention). Spinal tDCS influences the ascending and descending spinal pathways, and spinal reflex excitability. In the anaesthetised mouse, DC stimulation applied under the skin along the entire spinal cord may affect GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. Preliminary clinical studies in patients with cerebellar disorders, and in animals and patients with spinal cord injuries, have reported beneficial effects. Overall the available data show that cerebellar tDCS and spinal tDCS are two novel approaches for inducing prolonged functional changes and neuroplasticity in the human cerebellum and spinal cord, and both are new tools for experimental and clinical neuroscientists.