Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Femoral Expansion in Aging Women: Implications for Osteoporosis and Fractures

In femoral radiographs of 2030 aging women, the diameter of the midshaft periosteum increased as cortical thickness declined. Since the cortical area enlarged, periosteal accretion exceeded endosteal resorption. Since the section modulus increased more than did cortical area, the ratio of flexural failure resistance to crush resistance increased, in apparent contrast to the changes observed in the femoral neck.
Effects of War-Induced Maternal Separation on Children's Adjustment During the Gulf War and Two Years Later1

Military personnel deployed to the Middle East included an unprecedented number of women, many of whom were mothers. Using a structural equation modeling approach, we examined the predictors of children’s adjustment problems in data collected from a representative sample of 263 Air Force mothers 2 years after the Gulf War. Using a retrospective survey, we found that the main predictors of children’s adjustment problems at the time ofthe war were mothers’ difficulties in providing for the care ofthe children, mothers’ deployment in the theater of the war (vs. deployment elsewhere), and degree of change in children’s lives. Most important, war-related adjustment problems were not related to children’s adjustment 2 years later, suggesting that the effects of maternal separation during the war were transient. The large mobilization and deployment of military personnel following the invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 and during the Gulf War included a large number of women, many of whom were mothers with dependent children. The media soon captured the demographics of the deployment, calling the operation the “Mommy War” (Holm, 1992). By war’s end, a total of 40,793 women had served in the Persian Gulf. The Air Force alone deployed 4,246 women and nearly a third (32%) of these women had at least one dependent child. These children, who were left behind, were cared for by fathers and other relatives (U.S. Presidential Commission, 1993). Questions began to surface concerning the potential impact of the mass deployment on the well-being of children as the scope of mobilization increased ‘This work was supported by the Tri-Service Nursing Research Program through USUHS Grant Number MDA 905-92-2-0012 (Survey Control Number USAF SCN 93-48). The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private ones ofthe authors and are not to be construed as official
The Pirating Musician: An Examination into the Attitudes and Justifications toward Music Piracy among Musicians

Research on music piracy has always been conducted among non-musicians. This study sets out to investigate two aspects: (1) the intentions toward pirating music among undergraduate music students us-ing the Theory of Planned Behaviour, and (2) how rationalizations justify their ac-tions. A quantitative study looking at 200 music students across music colleges and universities in Malaysia was carried out in attempt to evaluate theory claims. Results show that the intention to pirate music is significantly related to perceived behav-ioural controls. More importantly, the re-sults show that music students admit to piracy without having a need to justify their criminal activity.
Inhibited and Uninhibited Infants "Grown Up": Adult Amygdalar Response to Novelty

Infants with an inhibited temperament tend to develop into children who avoid people, objects, and situations that are novel or unfamiliar, whereas uninhibited children spontaneously approach novel persons, objects, and situations. Behavioral and physiological features of these two temperamental categories are moderately stable from infancy into early adolescence and have been hypothesized to be due, in part, to variation in amygdalar responses to novelty. We found that adults who had been categorized in the second year of life as inhibited, compared with those previously categorized as uninhibited, showed greater functional MRI signal response within the amygdala to novel versus familiar faces.
Factors contributing to late presentation of breast cancer in Africa: a systematic literature review

Background: Over 50% of people diagnosed with breast cancer in most African countries present late and report to the hospital with advanced stage III and IV disease, a major reason for the poor survival rate. This study reviewed studies focusing on patient-related factors or reasons contributing to the late presentation or delayed diagnosis of breast cancer in Africa. Method: A rigorous literature search was conducted with search terms “Breast Neoplasms” AND “Late Presentation” OR “Delayed Diagnosis” AND “Africa” OR “the name of any of the African countries” within CINAHL, African Index Medicus, MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycINFO electronic databases. Additional hand searching of reference lists of included articles was conducted. A thematic synthesis was conducted. Result: Of the eighty-two studies identified, nine were eligible and included in the review. Studies included were conducted in Egypt, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and Libya. The factors identified as contributing to late presentation of breast cancer among most African women were negative symptom interpretation, fear, belief in alternative medicine, social relations and networks, lack of trust and confidence in orthodox medicine, and access to healthcare. Conclusion: A complex matrix of factors were identified that contribute to the late presentation or delayed diagnosis of breast cancer among most African women. The orthodox medical system in most African countries is gradually losing their relationship and credibility because of false reassurance, frequent misdiagnosis and strike actions, which is leading to late presentation of breast cancer.
A cognitive-emotional model of NSSI: using emotion regulation and cognitive processes to explain why people self-injure

ABSTRACT Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a complex behaviour, routinely engaged for emotion regulatory purposes. As such, a number of theoretical accounts regarding the aetiology and maintenance of NSSI are grounded in models of emotion regulation; the role that cognition plays in the behaviour is less well known. In this paper, we summarise four models of emotion regulation that have repeatedly been related to NSSI and identify the core components across them. We then draw on social cognitive theory to unite models of cognition and models of emotion in developing a new cognitive-emotional model of NSSI. Our model articulates how emotion regulation and cognition can work in concert to govern NSSI, and offers several new research questions that can be addressed within this framework.
Nociceptive neuroendocrine negative feedback control of neurogenic inflammation activated by capsaicin in the rat paw: role of the adrenal medulla

1 Recently we have found that inhibition of bradykinin‐induced synovial plasma extravasation by transcutaneous electrical stimulation at strengths which excite unmyelinated afferent axons is mediated by the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. 2 Here we tested whether stimulation of nociceptors in the rat paw by intradermally injected capsaicin inhibits bradykinin‐induced synovial plasma extravasation and whether this inhibition is mediated by the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal or sympatho‐adrenal axis. Furthermore, we tested whether inhibition of bradykinin‐induced plasma extravasation generated by intraperitoneally injected capsaicin, which preferentially excites visceral afferents, is mediated by the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal or sympatho‐adrenal axis. We used normal rats, subdiaphragmatically vagotomized rats, rats with denervated adrenal medullae and rats with acutely transected spinal cords at the segmental levels T1/T2 or T12/L1. 3 Injection of capsaicin into the plantar or palmar surface of the paws produced a depression of bradykinin‐induced plasma extravasation. The inhibition elicited from the forepaw was larger than that from the hindpaw. 4 The inhibition of bradykinin‐induced plasma extravasation elicited from both paws was potentiated by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. 5 Denervation of the adrenal medullae abolished the inhibitory effect of intradermal capsaicin in vagus‐intact and in vagotomized animals. 6 After spinalization at the segmental level T1/T2, capsaicin injected into the forepaw did not depress bradykinin‐induced plasma extravasation either in vagus‐intact or in vagotomized animals. Capsaicin injected into the hindpaw in these spinalized animals produced a small depression. After spinalization at the segmental level T12/L1 no depression was produced by capsaicin injected into the hindpaw. 7 Depression of bradykinin‐induced plasma extravasation generated by intraperitoneal injection of capsaicin in vagus‐intact and in vagotomized animals was also abolished or attenuated after denervation of the adrenal medullae. This shows that this depression was also largely dependent on the activation of the sympatho‐adrenal system. 8 We conclude that depression of bradykinin‐induced plasma extravasation during stimulation of nociceptors by capsaicin is mediated predominantly by the sympathoadrenal pathway. This finding differs from the inhibitory mechanism of depression of bradykinin‐induced plasma extravasation generated by cutaneous electrical stimulation, which is mediated by the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal axis.
Chinese Named Entity Recognition with Character-Word Mixed Embedding

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an important basis for the tasks in natural language processing such as relation extraction, entity linking and so on. The common method of existing Chinese NER systems is to use the character sequence as the input, and the intention is to avoid the word segmentation. However, the character sequence cannot express enough semantic information, so that the recognition accuracy of Chinese NER is not as good as western language such as English. To solve this issue, we propose a Chinese NER method based on Character-Word Mixed Embedding (CWME), and the method is in accord with the pipeline of Chinese natural language processing. Our experiments show that incorporating CWME can effectively improve the performance for the Chinese corpus with state-of-the-art neural architectures widely used in NER, and the proposed method yields nearly 9% absolute improvement over previously results.
Physiological measurements using ultra-high field fMRI: a review

Functional MRI (fMRI) has grown to be the neuroimaging technique of choice for investigating brain function. This topical review provides an outline of fMRI methods and applications, with a particular emphasis on the recent advances provided by ultra-high field (UHF) scanners to allow functional mapping with greater sensitivity and improved spatial specificity. A short outline of the origin of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast is provided, followed by a review of BOLD fMRI methods based on gradient-echo (GE) and spin-echo (SE) contrast. Phase based fMRI measures, as well as perfusion contrast obtained with the technique of arterial spin labelling (ASL), are also discussed. An overview of 7 T based functional neuroimaging is provided, outlining the potential advances to be made and technical challenges to be addressed.
Frequent methylation of HOXA9 gene in tumor tissues and plasma samples from human hepatocellular carcinomas

Abstract Background: Aberrant DNA methylation is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), suggesting that gene methylation could be a potential biomarker for detection of HCC. The aim of this study is to identify potential biomarkers in HCC. Methods: We used the Infinium methylation array and a DNA-pooling strategy to analyze the genome-wide methylation profile in HCC. Quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP) was used to validate homeobox A9 (HOXA9) methylation in 29 normal controls, 100 HCC samples and adjacent non-tumor tissues and in 74 plasma samples, including 40 patients with HCC. Results: Ten genes (HOXA9, NEUROG1, TNFRSF10C, IRAK3, GFPT2, ZNF177, DPYSL4, ELOVL4, FSD1, and CACNA1G) showed differences in methylation between controls and HCCs. Of these, HOXA9 was significantly hypermethylated in HCCs (76.7%; 23/30) compared with controls (3.4%; 1/29). In addition, combination analysis of two- and three-gene sets for HCC detection showed greater sensitivity (90%–96.7%) and comparable specificity (93.1%–96.6%) to each individual gene (33.3%–76.7% and 55.2%–100.0%). HOXA9 methylation was further validated by Q-MSP in two independent set of clinical samples including 100 HCC and paired non-tumor tissues. Further, HOXA9 methylation could be detected in plasma from HCC patients (n=40) but not in normal plasma (n=34) (p<0.0005). Combined testing (either parameter positive) for α-fetoprotein (AFP, a plasma protein biomarker) and HOXA9 methylation showed greater sensitivity (94.6%) for detection of HCC than AFP alone (75.7%). Conclusions: These data suggest that methylation of HOXA9 could be a helpful biomarker to assist in HCC detection.
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase activity in Neuro‐2a neuroblastoma cells: changes in expression associated with neuronal differentiation

Neuro‐2a (N2a) neuroblastoma cells display an ectoenzymatic hydrolytic activity capable of degrading diadenosine polyphosphates. The ApnA‐cleaving activity has been analysed with the use of the fluorogenic compound BODIPY® FL guanosine 5′‐O‐(3‐thiotriphosphate) thioester. Hydrolysis of this dinucleotide analogue showed a hyperbolic kinetic with a Km value of 4.9 ± 1.3 μM. Diadenosine pentaphosphate, diadenosine tetraphosphate, diadenosine triphosphate, and the nucleoside monophosphate AMP behaved as an inhibitor of BODIPY® FL guanosine 5′‐O‐(3‐thiotriphosphate) thioester extracellular degradation. Ectoenzymatic activity shared the typical characteristics of the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family, as hydrolysis reached maximal activity at alkaline pH and was dependent on the presence of divalent cations, being strongly inhibited by EDTA and activated by Zn2+ ions. Both NPP1 and NPP3 isozymes are expressed in N2a cells, their expression levels substantially changing when cells differentiate into a neuronal‐like phenotype. In this sense, it is relevant to point the expression pattern of the NPP3 protein, whose levels were drastically reduced in the differentiated cells, being almost completely absent after 24 h of differentiation. Enzymatic activity assays carried out with differentiated N2a cells showed that NPP1 is the main isozyme involved in the extracellular degradation of dinucleotides in these cells, this enzyme reducing its activity and changing its subcellular location following neuronal differentiation.
Korean Patient-Perceived Satisfaction Scale of Community-Based Case Management Services (Korean-PSCCM): Development and Psychometric Evaluation

ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test an instrument for measuring patient-perceived satisfaction with community-based case management services in Korea. The study was conducted in 4 phases: Phase I, development of the instrument; Phase II, pilot testing of the instrument; Phase III, a large-scale study to test reliability and validity; and Phase IV, conversion of the new instrument from Korean to English. The new instrument was determined to have six factors—advocacy of case manager, outcome of care, communication skills, practice of a healthy lifestyle, referral, and recognition of risk factors—and also shown to be reliable.
Large B-cell lymphomas in adolescents and young adults in comparison to adult patients: a matched-control analysis in 55 patients

Abstract The aim of our study was to assess whether large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) in adolescents and young adults (AYA) should be considered as a clinocopathological entity, and to evaluate the prognostic value of age. Fifty-five patients aged > 15–30 years were fully matched to 365 adult patients aged 31–65 years. We found a high incidence of primary mediastinal thymic LBCL subtype (33% vs. 5%), while histological transformation was rare (2% vs. 14%). LBCL in AYA presented with a bulky mediastinal mass (51% vs. 21%), and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) value was significantly higher (73% vs. 54%). The complete response rate to chemotherapy was similar in the two groups. Five-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of AYA were 73% and 68%, respectively. The matched-control analysis showed no difference for either OS or EFS. LBCL in AYA presents with some critical features which differ from those of older adults. However, the outcome is equivalent to that observed in older patients.
Respiratory muscle function in myasthenia gravis.

Global respiratory muscle function and diaphragmatic strength were assessed and compared with quadriceps femoris muscle strength in 17 patients with generalized mild-to-moderate myasthenia gravis and breathlessness. Initial measurements, made 10 h after the last dose of oral anticholinesterase therapy, demonstrated reduced maximal static expiratory (52.4 +/- 26.8% predicted) and inspiratory (54.0 +/- 23.5% predicted) mouth pressures in 16 patients, and reduced quadriceps femoris muscle strength in all cases. Vital capacity (VC) (70.9 +/- 19.0% predicted) was abnormal in 12 patients. Transdiaphragmatic pressure recorded during maximal sniffs (sniff Pdl) was reduced in eight patients, whereas pressure recorded during bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation at 1 Hz (twitch Pdi) was reduced in only three. There was no relationship between the grade of myasthenia or the severity of dyspnea and any of the measurements of respiratory muscle strength. After the administration of edrophonium hydrochloride (Tensilon), there was a significant increase in maximal static expiratory and inspiratory mouth pressures in quadriceps muscle strength and in sniff Pdi. The small increase in VC was not significant, and twitch Pdi increased in only one patient. Phrenic nerve conduction time was normal before and after Tensilon. Two patients with severe long-standing myasthenia showed no improvement in any measurement after Tensilon. We conclude that expiratory and inspiratory muscle weakness was not uncommon in patients with myasthenia gravis. Respiratory muscle strength improved after Tensilon. Vital capacity was a less sensitive measure of respiratory muscle strength than were respiratory mouth pressures and sniff Pdi. Diaphragmatic involvement was not detected by twitch Pdi unless the weakness was severe. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Migración circular, (in)movilidad laboral y unfree labour

Creados en 1946, los contratos OMI – i.e. del Office des Migrations Internationales- en Francia constituyen uno de los mas programas mas antiguos de trabajadores temporales, de manera que ha sido una referencia para semejantes dispositivos en el mundo. En este articulo, se presenta como funciona este programa frances, poniendo enfasis en el impacto que dicho dispositivo migratorio tiene sobre las condiciones laborales impuestas a los migrantes, principalmente de origen marroqui. Se argumenta que los contratos OMI sujetan los jornaleros a su empleador, lo cual genera una forma de trabajo dependiente (Unfree Labour), distinta de la relacion salarial “clasica” enmarcada por la ley y basada sobre el libre movimiento del trabajador en el mercado laboral. Esa sujecion no se construye solamente a partir de la precariedad del documento migratorio del jornalero y de su permiso de trabajo cerrado, sino tambien a partir de la deuda que contrae con el patron (o su habilitador) para adquirir el contrato OMI. Se plantea, entonces, que el dispositivo frances tiene una doble cara: por un lado se caracteriza por un marco administrativo rigido, mediante el cual el Estado pretende regular el reclutamiento y el traslado de la mano de obra extranjera; por el otro, el control migratorio es, a fin de cuentas, personalizado ya que los patrones son quienes deciden quien puede entrar y mantenerse en el programa y que las relaciones laborales son de tipo paternalista. Se apunta tambien que los contratos OMI combinan movilidad internacional, circular, disciplinada (en el sentido que el jornalero tiene que regresar cada ano a su pais de origen y no tiene entonces derecho a quedarse) e inmovilidad sobre el mercado laboral del pais receptor. En cuanto a la metodologia, se senala que ese articulo se basara en mi investigacion doctoral realizada entre Francia y Marruecos y que el material reune 180 entrevistas semi-estructuradas y una observacion participante de varios anos en un colectivo de defensa de los derechos de los jornaleros – el Collectif de Defense des Travailleurs Agricoles Saisonniers (CODETRAS)-.
The Obsidian Hydration Dating Project at Copan: A Regional Approach and Why It Works

Settlement research at Copán, Honduras, since 1984 has produced the largest set of obsidian-hydration dates from excavated contexts available for Mesoamerica (Webster and Freter 1990). Geoffrey Braswell (1992) has criticized the methodology underlying our research, specific associations of our published data, and particularly our reconstruction of a demographic and political decline at Copán that extended well beyond A.D. 900. Braswell has incorrectly characterized the Copan Obsidian Hydration Dating Project’s methodology, and makes many factual errors in assessing the Copán data. In this paper the authors correct these errors, discuss basic issues of obsidian-hydration-dating methodology, and offer new data from Copán to evaluate the efficacy of hydration dating as a method and its potential future application for Mesoamerica as a whole.
Human Sperm Aster Formation and Chromatin Configuration in Rabbit Oocytes Following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Using a Piezo-Micromanipulator

In human fertilization, the sperm centrosome nucleates a radial array of microtubules called the sperm aster. The sperm aster is responsible for apposition of male and female pronuclei, and later gives rise to the first meiotic spindle. The objective of this study was to determine microtubule assembly and chromatin configuration in rabbit oocytes following intracytoplasmic injection with human sperm by piezo-driven pipette. Oocytes were collected from superovulated dose 14-15 h after hCG injection and were fertilized by injection of a single human sperm into the ooplasm of each oocyte without additional activation treatment. Four hours post heterologous intracytoplamic sperm injection (ICSI), rabbit eggs were fixed and microtubule organization and chromatin configuration were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. In unfertilized oocytes, microtubules were present only in the metaphase-arrested second meiotic spindle. Following human sperm injection, an aster of microtubules formed adjacent to the sperm head, around mid-piece, and sperm aster was enlarged and assembled around male and female pronuclei. During pronuclear centration, male and female pronuclei were surrounded by a microtubule array without nucleation sites. With fertile human sperm, the sperm aster formation rate was 54.6%. From our data we concluded that human spermatozoa can be injected successfully into rabbit oocytes, resulting in a reasonable survival rate, and that rabbit oocytes provide a reliable tools for assessing human sperm centrosomal function using the Piezo-ICSI system. Iran. Biomed. J. 8 (2): 63-68, 2004