Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selective Association between Cephalosporin, Quinolone, Macrolide, and Penicillin Antibiotic Consumption and Childhood Obesity in Europe

The accelerated weight gain in productive animals as a result of feeding antibiotic enriched fodder has been well known for decades. The better energy harvest is the result of modified gut microbiota as a consequence of applied antibiotics. Similar mechanisms might result obesity in humans as well. Objectives: Finding associations between global antibiotic consumption of different classes in EU countries and obesity data in adults and children prove that antibiotics might play a significant role in the development of obesity “epidemics” and related illnesses. Methods: Antibiotic consumption data were compared with obesity figures in adults and children in European countries and statistically analyzed for significance. Results: Significant correlation was found between the average yearly consumption of cephalosporins (p = 0.007), quinolones (p = 0.031), macrolides (p = 0.000083) and childhood obesity data, but no significant association was observed with the average penicillin consumption. No association was observed between adult obesity and any of the antibiotic classes studied. Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that different types of antibiotics might influence the development of obesity among children, and this finding can serve as a unified explanation for the development of obesity “epidemics”, similarly to the obesity and gut flora alteration-related diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus, autism, etc.).
Mapping and assessing variability in the Antarctic marginal ice zone, pack ice and coastal polynyas in two sea ice algorithms with implications on breeding success of snow petrels

Abstract. Sea ice variability within the marginal ice zone (MIZ) and polynyas plays an important role for phytoplankton productivity and krill abundance. Therefore, mapping their spatial extent as well as seasonal and interannual variability is essential for understanding how current and future changes in these biologically active regions may impact the Antarctic marine ecosystem. Knowledge of the distribution of MIZ, consolidated pack ice and coastal polynyas in the total Antarctic sea ice cover may also help to shed light on the factors contributing towards recent expansion of the Antarctic ice cover in some regions and contraction in others. The long-term passive microwave satellite data record provides the longest and most consistent record for assessing the proportion of the sea ice cover that is covered by each of these ice categories. However, estimates of the amount of MIZ, consolidated pack ice and polynyas depend strongly on which sea ice algorithm is used. This study uses two popular passive microwave sea ice algorithms, the NASA Team and Bootstrap, and applies the same thresholds to the sea ice concentrations to evaluate the distribution and variability in the MIZ, the consolidated pack ice and coastal polynyas. Results reveal that the seasonal cycle in the MIZ and pack ice is generally similar between both algorithms, yet the NASA Team algorithm has on average twice the MIZ and half the consolidated pack ice area as the Bootstrap algorithm. Trends also differ, with the Bootstrap algorithm suggesting statistically significant trends towards increased pack ice area and no statistically significant trends in the MIZ. The NASA Team algorithm on the other hand indicates statistically significant positive trends in the MIZ during spring. Potential coastal polynya area and amount of broken ice within the consolidated ice pack are also larger in the NASA Team algorithm. The timing of maximum polynya area may differ by as much as 5 months between algorithms. These differences lead to different relationships between sea ice characteristics and biological processes, as illustrated here with the breeding success of an Antarctic seabird.
Preliminary Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of a Blended-Wing-Body Aircraft Configuration

The preliminary results of the flow analysis and aerodynamic shape optimization of a 2crew, 10-passenger blended-wing-body aircraft configuration are presented. Flow analysis is performed using an Euler-based parallel Newton-Krylov-Schur flow solver. A sequential quadratic programming algorithm that allows for linear and nonlinear constraints is employed for the optimization. Gradients are efficiently computed through the discrete adjoint approach. Results of two independent, single-point planform optimizations to minimize the sum of induced and wave drag at transonic speed are presented and compared. For a blended-wing-body aircraft cruising at Mach 0.85, a reduction in induced and wave drag of almost 40%, relative to the baseline geometry, is achieved at the target lift coefficient. A partial section optimization results in more than 50% drag reduction relative to the baseline geometry.
Optimization of alkaline protease production from Bacillus subtilis NS isolated from sea water

The protease producing bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis was isolated from sea water and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The strain named as B. subtilis NS. Optimization of the strain revealed that the most suitable nitrogen source to enhance protease production was beef extract. Among various carbon sources tested, maximum production of protease was registered in medium with added glucose. The effect of metals ions indicated that maximum protease production was observed in medium supplemented with magnesium chloride (MgCl). Investigating the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration on protease production revealed that 7% yielded higher protease production. The most suitable pH and temperature for maximum protease production revealed that pH 9 and a temperature of 40°C gave optimal protease production. Keywords: Alkaline protease, Bacillus subtilis , media optimization, marine bacteria African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol 13(16), 1707-1713
THE FUTURE OF AQUEOUS FILM FORMING FOAM ( AFFF ) : PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS AND REQUIREMENTS

Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) is a highly efficient type of fire suppressant agent, used by itself to attack flammable liquid pool fires, and in conjunction with Halon 1301 to attack fires in Navy vessel machinery spaces. Gaseous halon replacements for machinery spaces will likewise operate in conjunction with AFFF systems. Also, portable AFFF extinguishers have been manufactured as alternatives to handheld Halon extinguishers for both conventional and marine applications. AFFF used by the U. S. military must meet the requirements set forth in Military Specification MIL-F-24385F, which is under the control of the Naval Sea Systems Command, Code 05P9. The Naval Research Laboratory is the designated institution for certification evaluation for the Department of Defense (DoD) AFFF Qualifying Products List (QPL).
Uniqueness of Hahn-Banach extensions and unique best approximation.

Introduction. The Hahn-Banach theorem states that a linear functional defined on a subspace M of a normed linear space E has at least one extension (with the same norm) to the whole of E. We intend to investigate those subspaces M for which this extension is unique, that is, those subspaces M having property U: Each linear functional on M has a unique norm-preserving extension to E. A. E. Taylor [14] and S. R. Foguel [4] have, between them, characterized those spaces E for which every subspace has property U-they are precisely those E having strictly convex conjugate. Another property which has long been of interest is that of unique best approximation, which we will call the Haar property: For each x EE there exists a unique y CM such that ||x-Y|| =d(x, M)(-=inf {I |x-z2I: zCM} ). There is an interesting and basic duality between these properties: The subspace M has property U if and only if its annihilator M' in E* has the Haar property. (This duality is not complete; we give examples showing that in the above statement the words "property U" and "the Haar property" can not, in general, be interchanged.) The Taylor-Foguel theorem above is an immediate consequence of this theorem and of the fact that strictly convex spaces are precisely those in which every line through the origin has the Haar property. By considering the dimension of certain extremal convex subsets of the unit sphere in E* [in E] we obtain a necessary condition that a subspace of finite dimension [deficiency] have property U [the Haar property]. In the case of property U this theorem is "sharp," in the sense that for certain special spaces, the condition expressed in the theorem characterizes property U for finite dimensional subspaces. In the case of the Haar property this theorem enables us to conclude, for instance, that the spaces co and L1 [0, 1 ] admit no Haar subspaces (i.e., subspaces having the Haar property) of finite deficiency. The latter complements the result that L1 [0, 1 ] admits no Haar subspace of finite dimension. We obtain a theorem, related to one in [12], that gives a sufficient condition for a finite dimensional subspace to have the Haar property. In the case that the space E is a closed ideal in C(T) (T compact Hausdorff), this condition is also necessary. A corollary of the latter result establishes an extension of the classical Haar theorem [5] to Co(T) (T locally compact Hausdorff).
A Hybrid Brain Computer Interface Driven by Motor Imagery of Right Hand Versus Right Forearm

Motor imagery (MI) based brain-computer interface (BCI) is an important technology for the rehabilitation of motor injured. Although it has been developing for a long time, the recognition of MI location with high spatial resolution still faces great challenges. In this paper, we explored the performance of hybrid paradigm used to recognize MI task of right hand versus right forearm. Seven subjects participated in this study, who were required to imagine clenching hand and lifting forearm under MI and hybrid paradigm respectively. MI paradigm asked subjects to only perform the motor imagery tasks, while in the hybrid paradigm, subjects were given electrical stimulation during imagination. Hybrid paradigm requires subjects perform the same tasks in the same way as MI paradigm and not to pay attention to electrical stimulation deliberately. The time-frequency analysis showed that both the ERD and steady-state somatosensory evoked potential (SSSEP) features could be induced during the hybrid paradigm. Classification results show that the mean classification accuracy of the hybrid paradigm reaches 83%, which is significantly higher than the MI paradigm, with an increase around 14%. This indicates that the hybrid paradigm proposed in this paper can effectively improve the spatial resolution of MI location, which can promote MI-BCI system to complete the reach-andgrasp action naturally.
Relationships between forest tree species, stand production and stand nutrient amount

Data from the literature concerning stand aerial biomass, stand nutrient amount (i.e. N, P, K, Ca and Mg) of four major forest tree species of the temperate area were compiled in order to propose simple general relationships to quantify nutrient depletion associated with biomass harvesting. The objectives was to identify the tree species effect on nutrient loss through biomass removal. Mean weighted nutrient concentrations of aerial biomass decreased rapidly until the maximum current annual increment of stands was reached ("adult stands''); the concentration then became more or less constant. For adult stands, linear relations existed between aerial biomass and their nutrient amount. Using total aerial biomass (TAB) or stem biomass including bark (SBB) as references against the corresponding nutrient amount showed: i) that correlation coefficients were higher in the latter case, ii) that nutrient amount per unit of biomass was lower for SBB than for TAB, and iii) that these relations were species-dependent. For a same SBB, species were ranked as follows: mean concentration of N and K, European beech > Douglas fir = Norway spruce = Scots pine; Ca, European beech = Norway spruce $geq$ Scots pine $geq$ Douglas fir; Mg, European beech $geq$ Scots pine $geq$ Norway spruce $geq$ Douglas fir. For P, no significant difference was found for the tested species. The relationships between biomass and nutrient amount can be easily used by foresters to quantify the nutrient amount exported from a site during both thinning and harvesting operations, as well as the nutrients which remain in the logging residues left on the site and which will slowly yield available elements to the new plantation or the naturally regenerated stand.
Bright 
γ
 rays source and nonlinear Breit-Wheeler pairs in the collision of high density particle beams

The collision of ultrashort high-density $e^-$ or $e^-$ and $e^+$ beams at 10s of GeV, to be available at the FACET II and in laser wakefield accelerator experiments, can produce highly collimated $\gamma$ rays (few GeVs) with peak brilliance of $10^{27}~\mathrm{ph/s~mm^2 mrad^2 0.1\% BW}$ and up to $10^5$ nonlinear Breit-Wheeler pairs. We provide analytical estimates of the photon source properties and of the yield of secondary pairs, finding excellent agreement with full-scale 3D self-consistent particle-in-cell simulations that include quantum electrodynamics effects. Our results show that beam-beam collisions can be exploited as secondary sources of $\gamma$ rays and provide an alternative to beam-laser setups to probe quantum electrodynamics effects at the Schwinger limit.
eaf nitrogen concentration and chlorophyll meter readings as predictors f tall fescue nitrogen nutrition status edro

Determining the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) of a crop requires measuring the amount and nitrogen concentration of standing biomass. This limits its use at farm conditions where simplicity and agility are required. In this study, two proxies of NNI were assessed: the nitrogen concentration of leaves located in the sward upper 5–7 cm layer (NUSL, g N kg−1 dry matter), and its greenness, as measured by a SPAD 502 handheld chlorophyll meter (SPADUSL, SPAD units). Seven field experiments carried out at Balcarce (Argentina), on two soil types, were conducted from 2008 to 2010, during autumn, late winter/early spring, spring and summer regrowths of tall fescue swards (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh. ). Different nitrogen application rates were imposed to generate contrasting conditions of nitrogen availability. NNI, NUSL and SPADUSL were simultaneously measured four to seven times during sward regrowths. NUSL was closely associated with NNI. However, the regression parameters changed with elapsed time since sward initial cut. Once developmental effects were accounted for by fitting lineal regressions separately to thermal time intervals related to leaf appearance rate, equation parameters did not differ among years, seasons and sites: NNI = 0.024 (NUSL − 3.27), R2 = 0.89, N = 78; NNI = 0.026 (NUSL − 2.37), R2 = 0.81, N = 108; and NNI = 0.030 (NUSL − 3.26), R2 = 0.84, N = 102 for swards accumulating, respectively, <260, 260–440, and >440 growing degree days (GDD, base temperature 4 ◦C) since the initial cut. Obtained equation parameters compared well to those reported for other C3 grasses, suggesting that the NNI–NUSL relationship is approximately constant among members of this functional subgroup. Likewise, SPADUSL was highly associated with NUSL and, therefore, with NNI. Developmental effects were also evident, but only two equations arised: NNI = −0.81LN (−0.82LN (SPADUSL/68.42)), R2 = 0.69, N = 72; and NNI = 0.035 2 (SPADUSL–18.50), R = 0.75, N = 169, for swards accumulating, respectively, <260 or >260 GDD since initial cut. The effect of the higher intrinsic variability of SPADUSL on its NNI predictive precision can be compensated increasing its sampling intensity, except at early stages of sward development when higher leaf N concentrations derive in the saturation of the chlorophyll meter. Still, SPADUSL emerges as an adequate method for performing an instantaneous, approximated, ‘in the field’ estimation of swards N status, thus allowing a prompt correction of N deficiencies through fertilization.
Killing divisor classes by algebraisation

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Toward a New Macro-Segregation? Decomposing Segregation within and between Metropolitan Cities and Suburbs

This article documents a new macro-segregation, where the locus of racial differentiation resides increasingly in socio-spatial processes at the community or place level. The goal is to broaden the spatial lens for studying segregation, using decennial Census data on 222 metropolitan areas. Unlike previous neighborhood studies of racial change, we decompose metropolitan segregation into its within- and between-place components from 1990 to 2010. This is accomplished with the Theil index (H). Our decomposition of H reveals large post-1990 declines in metropolitan segregation. But, significantly, macro-segregation—the between-place component—has increased since 1990, offsetting declines in the within-place component. The macro component of segregation is also most pronounced and increasing most rapidly among blacks, accounting for roughly one-half of all metro segregation in the most segregated metropolitan areas of the United States. Macro-segregation is least evident among Asians, which suggests other members of these communities (i.e., middle-class or affluent ethnoburbs) have less resistance to Asians relocating there. These results on emerging patterns of macro-segregation are confirmed in fixed-effects models that control for unobserved heterogeneity across metropolitan areas. Unlike most previous studies focused on the uneven distribution of racial and ethnic groups across metropolitan neighborhoods, we show that racial residential segregation is increasingly shaped by the cities and suburban communities in which neighborhoods are embedded.
Participation, Recruitment Selection, and the Minimum Wage

This paper reexamines the efficiency of participation with heterogeneous workers in a search-matching model with bargained wages and free entry. Assuming that firms hire their best applicants, we state that participation is insufficient whatever workers' bargaining strengths. The reason for this is that, when holding a job, the marginal participant should receive the entire output. As a consequence, introducing a (small) minimum wage raises participation, job creation, and employment. Therefore the aggregate income of the economy is enhanced.
Antidiabetic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Bridelia scandens in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

The aim of present study to evaluate antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Bridelia scandens (Roxb) Wild. (Family: Euphorbiaceae) leaf in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The alcoholic extract of Bridelia scandens (Roxb) Wild was studied for antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by oral administration of extract 200&400mg/kg body weight for the period of 28 days. The preliminary phytochemical study showed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates and glycosides, phenolic compounds and tannins. From the toxicity study it was observed that ethanolic extract of Bridelia scandens (Roxb) Wild was nontoxic up to the dose of 2000mg/kg body weight. The determination of blood glucose level by GOD-POD kit method. The effect was compared with oral dose of 0.6mg/kg Glibenclamide. The result shows the alcoholic extract of Bridelia scandens (Roxb) Wild level significantly lowered the blood glucose of hyperglycemic rats in the dose dependent manner and it was also comparable to that of the standard drug glibenclamide.
Do Positional Concerns Destroy Social Capital: Evidence from 26 Countries

Research on the effects of positional concerns on individuals’ attitudes and behavior is sorely lacking. To address this deficiency, we use the International Social Survey Programme 1998 data on 25’000 individuals from 26 countries to investigate the impact of relative income position on three facets of social capital, covering horizontal and vertical trust as well as norm compliance. Testing relative deprivation theory, we identify a deleterious positional income effect for persons below the reference income, particularly for their social trust and confidence in secular institutions. Also often a social capital-lowering effect of relative income advantage occurs, while a rise in absolute income almost always contributes positively. These results indicate that a rise in income inequality in society too large is rather detrimental to the formation of social capital.
Histone Methylation - A Cornerstone for Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses?

Plants are sessile organisms and, as such, their survival relies on their ability to respond quickly all along their life cycle to any kind of environmental stimuli, including abiotic and biotic stresses. In this respect, plants have developed efficient mechanisms of protection and/or adaptation to minimize deleterious effects of stress on their growth and development. In a stress type-dependent manner, external signals are firstly sensed. This step is then followed by the activation of particular signalling pathways, resulting ultimately in the rapid and specific modulation of the plant transcriptome. Currently, transcriptional regulation is considered as a central process in the build-up of plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Among mecha‐ nisms involved in transcriptional regulation, the combined effect of different histone tail post-translational modifications (PTMs; e.g. acetylation and methylation) through the activity of particular histone-modifying enzymes can lead to changes in the local chromatin structure environment and hence the underlying DNA accessibility. By focusing on histone lysine methylation, in this chapter we highlight our current understanding of the transcriptional roles played by chromatin-remodelling mecha‐ nisms in regulating plant response/adaptation to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Based on recent advances, we further discuss the stability and transmission of such methylation marks to subsequent generations, with the underlying idea of an epigenetically based transcriptional memory of stresses in plants.
Relapsing Fever Epidemiology in Spain According to Hospitalization-Based Records , 2004-2013

Introduction: Louse-borne and tick-borne relapsing fevers are infectious diseases caused by some species of Borrelia genus. The aim of this study was to describe the relapsing fever epidemiology in Spain and its Autonomous Communities during a decade. Material and methods: An observational study was carried out, during the period 2004-2013, of those patients whose main or secondary diagnosis when discharged from hospital was encoded at the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) according to the International Classification of Diseases 9th revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9CM) with the codes 087,0 (tick-borne relapsing fever, endemic), 087,1 (louse-borne relapsing fever, epidemic) or 087,9 (relapsing fever not specified). Results: During the research period, 349 admitted patients with discharged diagnosis of relapsing fever were diagnosed. The incidence rate was 0.808 cases per 1,000,000 inhabitants. The relative risk male/female was 1.37:1. The predominant age group was the range 0 to 4 years old (22.27%). In-hospital mortality rate was 0.4%. Conclusion: Relapsing fever incidence in Spain is low. It has a clear predominance in the childhood, especially under the age of five and more incidence in male. Inhospital mortality rate was minimal.