Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF ICE ACCRETION AND ANTI-ICING SYSTEM SIMULATION CODE

Ice accretion on surfaces of aircraft components in icing condition can affect aerodynamic performance and stability of the aircraft, and jeopardize flight safety. Therefore, some types of ice protection system have been developed in order to counteract ice accumulation. Numerical simulation for the prediction of ice accretion and performance of ice protection system is helpful to design the system and reduce the total cost and the development period. In order to design the antiicing system of an aircraft, the ice accretion and anti-icing system simulation code (KHI code) has been developed. This simulation code calculates flow field, collection efficiency, surface temperature, water mass flow rate, and ice shapes of a two dimensional airfoil, based on a flight condition and meteorological condition. In this paper, the overview and validation results of this code are presented.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Adolescents With Open Physis

Background: Treatment choices for skeletally immature patients sustaining anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have been controversial. The main dilemma is whether surgical treatment should be provided before patients reach skeletal maturity or whether nonoperative treatment should be provided until the physis has closed. Surgical reconstruction risks physeal damage, while delaying surgery may increase menisci and cartilage damage. Purpose: To identify patients at the onset of ACL injury and follow them longitudinally to surgery or final follow-up to describe differences between nonoperative and operative patients and to analyze the effect of delayed reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective review of patients enrolled at a large integrated health care system (IHS) between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2008, was performed. The study sample included all females ≤12 years old and males ≤14 years old who were evaluated with an ACL injury. The incidence of ACL injuries in each age group was calculated using the number of covered lives by the IHS system per age category as the denominator. Each patient was longitudinally followed using an electronic health record that captures all patient encounters. Every encounter was reviewed for symptoms associated with the index knee, and encounters were considered significant if new-onset pain or swelling was reported. Patients were instructed to restrict their activities while awaiting skeletal maturity to undergo reconstruction by not participating in activities that included any cutting or pivoting movements that would risk injury to the knee. Cartilage and meniscal injuries were recorded for patients who underwent reconstruction. Results: A total of 71 patients were identified during the study period (66 males, 4 females). At the completion of this study, 47 (66.2%) patients had undergone ACL reconstruction, and 24 (33.8%) were being treated nonoperatively. While there were no significant associations between time to surgery and meniscal or cartilage injury, there was a positive association between the number of significant encounters and the likelihood of a combined cartilage and meniscal injury (P = .01). Conclusion: This is the first study to measure the incidence of ACL injuries in a skeletally immature population. For patients undergoing ACL reconstruction, an increased number of significant encounters was statistically significantly associated with combined meniscal and cartilage injuries, while increased time from injury to surgery was not significantly associated with additional injuries. In addition, one-third of the patients continued nonoperative treatment without symptoms that warranted surgical interventions during the follow-up period.
Identification of intergenic trans-regulatory RNAs containing a disease-linked SNP sequence and targeting cell cycle progression/differentiation pathways in multiple common human disorders

Meta-analysis of genomic coordinates of SNP variations identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of up to 712,253 samples (comprising 221,158 disease cases, 322,862 controls, and 168,233 case/control subjects of obesity GWAS) reveals that 39% of SNPs associated with 22 common human disorders are located within intergenic regions. Chromatin-state maps based on H3K4me3-H3K36me3 signatures show that many intergenic disease-linked SNPs are located within the boundaries of the K4-K36 domains, suggesting that SNP-harboring genomic regions are transcribed. Here we report identification of 13 trans-regulatory RNAs (transRNAs) 100 to 200 nucleotides in length containing intergenic SNP sequences associated with Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, vitiligo, and multiple types of epithelial malignancies (prostate, breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers). We demonstrate that NALP1 loci intergenic SNP sequence, rs2670660, is expressed in human cells and may contribute to clinical manifestations of autoimmune and autoimflammatory phenotypes by generating distinct allelic variants of transRNAs. Stable expression of allele-specific sense and anti-sense variants of transRNAs markedly alters cellular behavior, affect cell cycle progression, and interfere with monocyte/macrophage transdifferentiation. On a molecular level, forced expression of allele-specific sense and anti-sense variants of transRNAs asserts allele-specific genome-wide effects on abundance of hundreds microRNAs and mRNAs. Using lentiviral gene transfer, microarray and Q-RT-PCR technologies, we identify rs2670660 allele-specific gene expression signatures (GES) which appear useful for detecting the activated states of innate immunity/inflammasome pathways in ~700 clinical samples from 185 control subjects and 350 patients diagnosed with 9 common human disorders, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Huntington's disease, autism, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, prostate and breast cancers. Microarray analysis of clinical samples demonstrates that rs2670660 allele-specific GES are engaged in patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) which encounter pathological conditions in coherent tissues of a human body during immune surveillance and homeostasis monitoring. These data indicate that expression of transRNAs encoded by specific intergenic sequences can trigger activation of innate immunity/inflammasome pathways and contribute to clinical development of autoinflammatory and autoimmune syndromes. Documented in this work single-base substitution-driven molecular and biological antagonisms of intergenic SNP-containing transRNAs suggest a guiding mechanism of selection and retention of phenotype-compatible intergenic variations during evolution. According to this model, random genetic variations which generate transRNAs asserting antagonistic phenotype-altering effects compared to ancestral alleles will be selected and retained as SNP variants.
Electromagnetic transmission through multiple circular apertures in a thick conducting plane

The boundary-value problem of electromagnetic wave scattering from multiple circular apertures in a thick conducting plane is rigorously solved. The eigenfunction expansion, integral transform, and superposition principle are utilized to represent the scattered field in the discrete and continuous modes. The boundary conditions are enforced to obtain a set of simultaneous equations for the discrete modal coefficients. The transmission coefficient is represented in a fast convergent series. Computation is performed to illustrate the behavior of transmission and coupling through multiple circular apertures in terms of the aperture geometry.
[Relationship of the movement of mandibular condyle and occlusal force balance].

PURPOSE The present investigation evaluated the relation between the dynamic properties of the bilateral condyle in habitual maximum opening and closing movement and the occlusal force balance with clenching force. METHODS Nine normal adults participated in this study. The translation of bilateral condyle and the rotation of intercondylar axis in habitual maximum opening and closing movement was measured using Cadiax, (ver. 3.0). The amount of translation and the rotation were converted into percentages and plotted on a graph using the translation-rotation relative chart. The maximun difference (d) between right condyle and left condyle of translation in rotation was calculated. The maximum clenching force was measured using Dental prescale 50H, type R and Occluzer FPD-703 (Fujifilm Co., Ltd.) and the center of gravity of the occlusal force was plotted on the drawings in two dimensions (anterior-posterior, right-left). RESULTS 1. The reproducibility of the dynamic properties of bilateral condyle in habitual maximum opening and closing movement and (d) were shown on the translation-rotation relative chart. 2. It was observed that the center of gravity of the occlusal force of a number of subjects was almost localized on the median line with right-left dimension and was localized on the molar tooth area with anterior-posterior dimension. 3. The correlation coefficient was 0.33 between the coordinate value of the center of gravity of the occlusal force with right-left dimension and the path of opening's (d). The coefficient was 0.71 between the coordinate value of the center of gravity of the occlusal force with right-left dimension and the path of closing's (d). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed the correlation between the dynamic properties of the bilateral condyle in habitual maximum opening and closing movement and the occlusal force balance with maximum clenching force.
History of Child Abuse and Severity of Adult Depression: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Schema

ABSTRACT The link between childhood abuse, adult depression, and anxiety has been well studied, but few studies have empirically explored the mechanism of that link. Using a clinical sample of women, this study examined the relationship between retrospectively measured childhood abuse and neglect and current adult symptoms of anxiety and depression, via the mediating effects of cognitive style. This study found that women who reported a positive abuse history were significantly more depressed and exhibited more maladaptive schemas than women who did not report a history of abuse. Specifically, it would appear that cognitive styles marked by interpersonal disconnection and rejection are particularly pathogenic. These findings contribute to the growing literature by providing support for the role of cognitions in mediating the link between childhood abuse and psychopathology.
Nebulized albuterol for acute hyperkalemia in patients on hemodialysis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy and safety of nebulized albuterol in the acute treatment of hyperkalemia in patients on chronic hemodialysis. DESIGN Prospective, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. SETTING Outpatient hemodialysis clinic at a university medical center. PATIENTS Ten patients on maintenance hemodialysis who had chronic hyperkalemia. INTERVENTIONS Patients received nebulized albuterol therapy (10 mg or 20 mg) or placebo (saline) on three separate occasions, serial measurements of plasma potassium levels, blood pressure, and pulse were then taken for a 2-hour period. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULT Patients had a significant decrease in plasma potassium concentrations that was evident by 30 minutes and sustained for at least 2 hours after albuterol treatment. After the administration of 10- and 20-mg doses of albuterol, the maximal decrease in the plasma potassium levels was 0.62 +/- 0.09 and 0.98 +/- 0.14 mmol/L (SE), respectively. Nebulized saline administration did not produce a significant change in the plasma potassium concentrations. Patients did not develop symptoms or significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate with albuterol treatment. CONCLUSIONS In the doses used, nebulized albuterol therapy resulted in a prompt and significant decrease in the plasma potassium concentrations in patients on hemodialysis, and caused no adverse cardiovascular effects. This treatment should be considered as an important adjunct for acute treatment of serious hyperkalemia in this population of patients.
Clinical Significance of Haplo-Fever and Cytokine Profiling After Graft Infusion in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation From Haplo-Identical Donors

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation from haplo-identical donors (haplo-HSCT) has become a well-established therapeutic option for hematological malignancies. The fever of unknown origin (haplo-fever) early after the infusion of T cell repleted graft, which returned to normal right after post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy), is a unique clinical feature in patients undergoing haplo-HSCT. In the current study, the characteristics of haplo-fever and cytokine profiles during haplo-fever were retrospectively analyzed in a cohort of 37 patients undergoing T cell repleted haplo-HSCT with PTCy as graft versus host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. In total, 33 patients (89.2%) developed haplo-fever from day 0 to day +7. Patients with high peak temperatures tended to have a lower incidence of chronic GvHD (cGvHD) (p = 0.07), moderate to severe cGvHD (p = 0.08), and superior GvHD and relapse-free survival (GRFS, p = 0.04). During the haplo-fever, there were significant increases in multiple cytokines, such as interferon gamma, interleukin (IL) 6, IL2, IL2 receptor, IL8, IL10, IL17, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The increases in IL2 receptor (p = 0.037) and TNF (p < 0.001) on day +4 were correlated with the lower risk of cGvHD. Increased TNF > 1.8055-fold on day +4 was the best predictive threshold for cGvHD, and was correlated with a lower incidence of cGvHD (p < 0.001), moderate to severe cGvHD (p = 0.003), and superior GRFS (p < 0.001). These observations may reflect the early reactivation of donor T cells after haplo graft infusion, which would potentially be eliminated by PTCy. Further studies with larger independent cohorts of patients are warranted, to clarify the clinical significance of haplo-fever, and day +4 TNF as a potential biomarker to predict GvHD and GRFS.
A Novel Unenveloped DNA Virus (TT Virus) Associated with Acute and Chronic Non-A to G Hepatitis

In 1997, a novel DNA virus was isolated from the serum of a patient with posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology in Japan, and it was named TT virus (TTV) after the initials of the index patient. TTV is a nonenveloped, single-stranded and circular DNA virus, and its entire sequence of ∼3.9 kb has been determined. For being a DNA virus, TTV has a wide range of sequence divergence, allowing the classification into at least 16 genotypes separated by a sequence difference of >30% from one another. The nucleotide sequence of the noncoding region of the TTV genome is conserved, whereas that of the coding region is highly variable. TTV strains with extremely high sequence divergence are common in the same individuals, thereby indicating a mixed infection of TTV strains of different genotypes. An association is found between hepatitis of unknown etiology and the TTV genotypes which are detectable by PCR with primers deduced from the N22 region (genotype 1) in the open reading frame 1 encoding the capsid protein. It would be important to select the primers for specific detection of the TTV genotypes associated with clinical diseases, to further evaluate the capacity of TTV to induce acute and chronic liver disease as well as extrahepatic manifestations.
Disturbance of antioxidant protection and natural resistance factors in rats with different availabilities of trivalent chromium

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of trivalent chromium ions (Cr3+) supplementation on antioxidant status and immune defense of rats. During the 30 days of the experiment, the male rats (n = 10 per group) were supplemented with CrCl3, dissolved in distilled drinking water in doses of 0, 70, or 140 µg Cr3+/dm3. Next, the contents of hydroperoxides of lipids (HPL) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in plasma were determined, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in erythrocytes. Lysozymic and bactericidal activities of blood serum were also determined. Results of the experiment indicated that 140 µg Cr3+/dm3 increased HPL concentration by 22.1%, while the dose of 70 µg Cr3+/dm3 decreased concentration of TBARS by 20.3% (P =< 0.05) in comparison with the control. Activity of SOD in rats supplied with both doses of Cr3+ significantly decreased, whereas activity of CAT, GPx, and GR significantly increased, similar to lysozymic and bactericidal activity. In general, the obtained results showed that a diet with chromium supplementation can strengthen the main mechanisms of lipid peroxidation defense by stimulation of enzyme activity of the antioxidant system and natural resistance factors.
Phylogenetic and mutational analyses reveal key residues for UDP‐glucuronic acid binding and activity of β1,3‐glucuronosyltransferase I (GlcAT‐I)

The β1,3‐glucuronosyltransferases are responsible for the completion of the protein–glycosaminoglycan linkage region of proteoglycans and of the HNK1 epitope of glycoproteins and glycolipids by transferring glucuronic acid from UDP‐α‐D‐glucuronic acid (UDP‐GlcA) onto a terminal galactose residue. Here, we develop phylogenetic and mutational approaches to identify critical residues involved in UDP‐GlcA binding and enzyme activity of the human β1,3‐glucuronosyltransferase I (GlcAT‐I), which plays a key role in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Phylogeny analysis identified 119 related β1,3‐glucuronosyltransferase sequences in vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants that contain eight conserved peptide motifs with 15 highly conserved amino acids. Sequence homology and structural information suggest that Y84, D113, R156, R161, and R310 residues belong to the UDP‐GlcA binding site. The importance of these residues is assessed by site‐directed mutagenesis, UDP affinity and kinetic analyses. Our data show that uridine binding is primarily governed by stacking interactions with the phenyl group of Y84 and also involves interactions with aspartate 113. Furthermore, we found that R156 is critical for enzyme activity but not for UDP binding, whereas R310 appears less important with regard to both activity and UDP interactions. These results clearly discriminate the function of these two active site residues that were predicted to interact with the pyrophosphate group of UDP‐GlcA. Finally, mutation of R161 severely compromises GlcAT‐I activity, emphasizing the major contribution of this invariant residue. Altogether, this phylogenetic approach sustained by biochemical analyses affords new insight into the organization of the β1,3‐glucuronosyltransferase family and distinguishes the respective importance of conserved residues in UDP‐GlcA binding and activity of GlcAT‐I.
Maintenance of Plasma Volume and Serum Sodium Concentration Despite Body Weight Loss in Ironman Triathletes

Objective:To examine the relationship between body weight, plasma volume, and serum sodium concentration ([Na+]) during prolonged endurance exercise. Design:Observational field study. Settings:2000 South African Ironman Triathlon. Participants:181 male triathletes competing in an Ironman triathlon. Main Outcome Measures:Body weight, plasma volume, and serum ([Na+]) change from pre- to postrace. Results:Significant body weight loss occurred (−4.9 ± 1.7%; P < 0.0001), while both plasma volume (1.0 ± 11.2%; P = 0.4: NS) and serum [Na+] (0.6 ± 2.4%; P < 0.001) increased from pre- to postrace. Blood volume (−0.6 ± 6.6%) and red cell volume (−2.6 ± 5.5%; P < 0.001) decreased in conjunction with the body weight loss. There was a strong correlation between blood and plasma volume change, both as a percentage, and absolute change in fluid volume (r = 0.9; P < 0.001). Body weight change was positively correlated with plasma volume change (r = −0.4; P < 0.001), but inversely correlated with serum [Na+] change (r = −0.4; P < 0.001). Plasma volume change was not significantly correlated with serum [Na+] change (r = 0.0; NS). Serum [Na+] change was inversely correlated with both percentage of red cell volume change (r = −0.2; P < 0.05) and percentage body weight change (r = −0.4; P < 0.001). Conclusion:Plasma volume and serum [Na+] were maintained in male Ironman triathletes, despite significant (5%) body weight loss during the course of the race. Body weight was not an accurate “absolute” surrogate of fluid balance homeostasis during prolonged endurance exercise. Clinicians should be warned against viewing these three regulatory parameters as interchangeable during an Ironman triathlon.
Astaxanthin Reduces Oxidative Stress, but not Aortic Damage in Atherosclerotic Rabbits

We evaluated whether carotenoid astaxanthin (ASX) could prevent oxidative and atherosclerotic damage in rabbits. Rabbits received regular chow (control) or an atherogenic diet (1% cholesterol) alone or supplemented with 50, 100, and 500 mg% ASX for 60 days (n = 5-9 per group). The atherogenic diet increased the serum cholesterol levels and the ratio of the intima/media area in the aortic arch. These changes were not prevented by ASX. Atherosclerotic rabbits showed increased aortic lipid peroxidation and nonprotein thiol group (NPSH) levels along with inhibition of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). All ASX doses attenuated lipid peroxidation and the increase in NPSH but not the inhibition of GSH-Px. Aortic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activities were enhanced in atherosclerotic rabbits. Although all ASX doses prevented the increase in SOD activity, only 100 and 500 mg% ASX prevented the increase in CAT activity. Furthermore, these same doses partially prevented the increase in TrxR activity, while 50 mg% ASX completely prevented the effects of the atherogenic diet on this enzyme. However, ASX did not attenuate the hypercholesterolemia or the atherosclerotic lesions caused by the atherogenic diet at any of the doses evaluated. Our results indicate that although ASX did not prevent hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerotic lesions, it could play a beneficial role by preventing lipid peroxidation and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities.
Cyclical intravenous pamidronate therapy in children with osteogenesis imperfecta.

137 Children affected with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) have increased morbidity and mortality and no definite treatment has been found yet. Recurrent fractures and bone deformities are the main complications of this disease. Recent studies have shown the ability of intravenous pamidronate to prevent fractures, when given in a cyclical manner [1]. This treatment is being used currently to prevent recurrence of fractures in children with OI but the clinical experience with such therapy is greatly limited. In this brief communication, we report our experience in treating OI children with the intravenous pamidronate during the last 4 years.