Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Baseline characteristics of participants in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET)

The Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET) is a randomized double‐blind trial of active antihypertensive treatment (indapamide 1.5 mg sustained release ±2—4 mg perindopril) vs placebo in participants over the age of 80 years with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 160–199 mmHg during a placebo run‐in period plus a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of<110 mmHg. The trial has completed with 3845 subjects randomized and we report the baseline characteristics. The participants were a healthy group. The numbers smoking, drinking alcohol and having previous cardiovascular events were low, and their hypertensive status was not usually associated with the metabolic syndrome; 1.0% of the whole group had a total cholesterol over 8.0 mmol/l, 1.1% a blood sugar over 11.1 mmol/l (irrespective of anti‐diabetic treatment) and 1.7% a serum urate over 460 μmol/l (women) and 0.6% over 520 μmol/l (men). A serum creatinine over 150 μmol/l excluded participants from the trial. The gender differences and age comparisons were as expected but the women had higher average total and high‐density‐lipoprotein‐cholesterol blood concentrations. Those with prior cardiovascular disease had an excess of the known cardiovascular risk factors. The baseline characteristics provide a basis for further understanding of the HYVET results, which have been published recently.
Effects of Delay on Color Priming for Natural Objects

Using a standard study-test procedure, color priming was examined through effects of color transformation, from correctly colored to incorrectly colored and vice versa, for natural objects with pre-existing color-shape associations, e.g., yellow banana. More specifically these effects were examined at study-test delays of 0, 24, and 48 hr. When deciding whether an object was correctly colored, color transformation eliminated priming. Furthermore, there was evidence that for objects that were not transformed, priming was stronger for correctly as compared with incorrectly colored objects. In addition, the introduction of 24- and 48-hr. delays between the study and the test phase of the task reduced the effects of color transformation on priming. These findings are discussed in terms of the representations that mediate implicit memory performance.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Macrolide Resistance Inducibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae Carrying erm(A), erm(B), or mef(A)

ABSTRACT Erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from young carriers were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility; additionally, inducibility of macrolide and clindamycin resistance was investigated in pneumococci carrying erm(A), erm(B), or mef(A). Of 125 strains tested, 101 (81%) were multidrug resistant. Different levels of induction were observed with erythromycin, miocamycin, and clindamycin in erm(B) strains; however, in erm(A) strains only erythromycin was an inducer. Induction did not affect macrolide MICs in mef(A) strains.
Modified Sauvé-Kapandji procedure for disorders of the distal radioulnar joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND The Sauvé-Kapandji procedure has become popular for the treatment of disorders of the distal radioulnar joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but this procedure is impossible to perform in patients with poor bone quality in the distal part of the ulna. We have modified the procedure for patients with poor bone quality in the distal part of the ulna. The modified procedure involves resecting the distal part of the ulna, making a drill-hole in the ulnar cortex of the distal part of the radius, rotating the resected portion of the ulna 90 degrees , inserting it into the distal part of the radius, and fixing it at that site with use of an AO cancellous-bone screw. In the present report, we describe the new operative technique and report the results after a minimum duration of follow-up of three years. METHODS This operation was performed in fifty-six patients (sixty-six wrists) with rheumatoid arthritis. The mean age at the time of the operation was 59.3 years. The mean duration of follow-up was forty-eight months. Patients were evaluated in terms of wrist pain, grip strength, and range of motion. Radiographic evaluation included calculation of the carpal translation index to assess the extent of ulnar translation of the carpus. RESULTS Osseous union was achieved in all cases. Wrist pain resolved or decreased in all patients. The mean total range of forearm rotation increased from 144 degrees preoperatively to 167 degrees at the time of the most recent follow-up (p < 0.01). The mean carpal translation index did not change after the operation. CONCLUSIONS The modified Sauvé-Kapandji procedure results in rigid fixation of the grafted bone. The technique provides sufficient osseous support of the carpus even in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and poor bone quality in the distal part of the ulna.
Overview of Antibacterial Target Selection

Research in microbial genomics has yielded a vast amount of DNA sequence data and a number of new or improved tools for defining the bacterial genome. These findings have dramatically increased the number of potential antibacterial targets, particularly enzymatic sites, and have greatly enhanced their characterization.Potential targets are prioritized according to necessity for survival (essentiality), spectrum, and selectivity using a combination of bioinformatic analyses and experimental results. Experimental methods such as mutagenesis and conditional expression techniques are used to assess essentiality in vitro or virulence in vivo in animal hosts.
Indice de masa corporal y composición corporal: Un estudio antropométrico de 2500 deportistas de alto nivel

En los reconocimientos tradicionales de salud se utiliza el indice de masa corporal, como valor valido para la valoracion del componente graso de los deportistas a estudio. Nosotros hemos querido verificar esta supuesta relacion, comparando el indice de masa corporal con el porcentaje graso, peso muscular y porcentaje oseo, obtenido mediante formulas antropometricas. Estableciendo el objetivo de nuestro estudio en analizar la relacion existente entre en indice de masa corporal y los distintos componentes corporales analizados mediante calculos antropometricos. Material y metodos: Para ello hemos valorado a 2500 deportistas de alto nivel y hemos comparando su indice de masa corporal con el porcentaje graso obtenido segun la formula de Faulkner; el peso muscular segun Martin y el porcentaje oseo segun Rocha. Conclusiones: 1) El indice de masa corporal si se analiza independientemente del sexo, se correlaciona mas fielmente con el peso muscular, seguido de una correlacion inversa con el porcentaje oseo y en menor medida con el porcentaje graso. 2) En los varones, el indice de masa corporal se correlaciona mas fielmente con el porcentaje oseo y en segundo lugar y practicamente por igual con el peso muscular y con el porcentaje graso. 3) En las mujeres, el indice de masa corporal obtiene la mayor correlacion de todas las comparativas con el porcentaje graso de las mujeres. Asi tambien, se correlaciona en menor medida con el porcentaje muscular y en tercer lugar y de manera inversa con el porcentaje oseo. 4) Para el porcentaje graso, la mayor correlacion la encontramos para el grupo femenino. Seguido de una menor correlacion para el grupo masculino. Y practicamente sin correlacion apreciable cuando realizamos la comparativa sin tener en cuenta el sexo. 5) Para el peso muscular la mayor correlacion se encuentra tambien en el grupo femenino, seguido de la comparacion independientemente del sexo, y por ultimo y sorprendentemente con el grupo masculino. 6) En el porcentaje oseo, la correlacion mas fuerte se encuentra en el subgrupo masculino, seguido del el grupo independiente del sexo y en menor cuantia para el subgrupo femenino.
Time flies when you're at RPE13: How exercise intensity influences perception of time.

Previous studies have shown that there are some changes in our perception of time during exercise, but the relationship between intensity level and these perceptions is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise intensity on prospective time estimations. Twenty-two trained runners (10 male, 12 female; age 25±6 years) participated in three 30-minute treadmill runs that were perceptually regulated at rating of perceived exertion (RPE) levels of 13 ("somewhat hard"), 15 ("hard") and 17 ("very hard"). Prospective time assessments, in which subjects estimated durations of 1, 3, 7 and 20 seconds, were obtained immediately before exercise, during (at 10 min. and 20 min.) and after exercise. A 3 (RPE) x 4 (timepoint) x 4 (estimated duration) repeated measures ANOVA was completed. There was a significant main effect of RPE level (p=.013). Post hoc tests revealed that time estimations at RPE17 were significantly lower than those at RPE13 (p=.021). The main effects of timepoint and estimated duration were not significant (both p≥.05), and no interactions were present. However, there was a trend for time estimations to decrease in all conditions as exercise progressed, with a rebound after cessation of exercise. This study showed a clear effect of exercise intensity on time perception. Specifically, the subjects perceived time to pass by more slowly as intensity increased.
Structure and Interfacial Aspects of Self-Assembled Cationic Lipid−DNA Gene Carrier Complexes§

Cationic lipid−DNA (CL−DNA) complexes were recently found to exhibit a novel multilamellar structure composed of alternating lipid bilayer and DNA monolayer with distinct interhelical DNA spacings (Radler et al. Science 1997, 275, 810). We report on the aggregation behavior, morphology, and interfacial properties related to the solution structure of DOPC/DOTAP−DNA complexes. Using optical microscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, we found two discrete regimes for the complex size and surface charge as a function of the lipid-to-DNA mass ratio. The regimes correspond to the coexistence of complexes with either excess DNA or excess liposomes, characterized by a negative and positive surface potential of the complexes, respectively. The internal structure in these cases exhibited different but constant DNA packing distances of 35 and 46 A, respectively. The regimes are separated by a transition region around the isoelectric point, where the number of cationic lipids equals the number of DNA phosphate gro.
Multifocality and Multifocal Postradiation Sarcomas

Hypothetically, any site in a radiation portal has potential for late malignant transformation. Secondary malignant neoplasms may occur after almost any index cancer has been treated with radiation and/or chemotherapy. The incidence of secondary malignant neoplasms, histopathology, time delay, radiation dose, cytotoxic agents, age and type of initial malignancy, and outcome all negatively impact cancer survivors. We highlight the new concept of multifocality, defined as greater than two noncontiguous second malignant neoplasms that develop in a prior radiation port. We identified 48 patients with postradiation sarcomas from three prospectively collected databases. Fifteen of these patients (31%) had evidence of multifocal postradiation sarcomas. Five of 10 women had multifocal postradiation sarcomas after breast-conserving surgery for carcinoma. The longer the time interval between the index cancer and post-radiation sarcoma, the greater the likelihood of multifocal malignant transformation occurring.Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, level III. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A multigrid continuation method for elliptic problems with folds

We introduce a new multigrid continuation method for computing solutions of nonlinear elliptic eigenvalue problems which contain limit points (also called turning points or folds). Our method combines the frozen tau technique of Brandt with pseudo-arc length continuation and correction of the parameter on the coarsest grid. This produces considerable storage savings over direct continuation methods,as well as better initial coarse grid approximations, and avoids complicated algorithms for determining the parameter on finer grids. We provide numerical results for second, fourth and sixth order approximations to the two-parameter, two-dimensional stationary reaction-diffusion problem:\[ \Delta u + \lambda \exp (u/(1 + \alpha u)) = 0. \]For the higher order interpolations we use bicubic and biquintic splines. The convergence rate is observed to be independent of the occurrence of limit points.
Preliminary Report on Intelligence Quotient Scores of Patients with Turner's Syndrome: A Replication Study

A diagnosis of Turner's Syndrome is given to female patients who have small stature, primary amenorrhoea and a number of other variable stigmata. The ovaries are absent and the genital ducts and external genitalia do not develop spontaneously beyond the pre-pubertal stage. Chromosome analysis shows that the majority have a 45, X karyotype, in which one of the pair of sex chromosomes is missing. Others have a structural abnormality of one of the two X chromosomes resulting in loss of short-arm material.
Interurban Flows of Population and Occupational Skills to Three Cities in Nigeria

This article examines interurban flows of population and occupational skills to three cities in Nigeria. The analyses are based on sample survey data collected in the cities of Benin, Ibadan, and Kano in 1973 and 1974. The cities vary in population size and are located in three different urban growth regions in the country. The migration histories included in the questionnaires are the focal point of the article. Up to 11 moves were recorded for each respondent. With each move, information was obtained on the demographic and socioeconomic status of the individual. Male and female respondents age 15 years and over were interviewed. The findings indicate that most migrants were repeat movers who represent numerous spatial experiences. Of the migration streams, interurban movements were dominant. Male migrants brought a diverse mixture of occupational skills to the survey cities, influenced by their spatial experiences. While women had similar spatial characteristics to men, most came as housewives and/or with traditional-type trades.
Intestinal absorption of octreotide: N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) ameliorates the permeability and absorption properties of the somatostatin analogue in vitro and in vivo.

Octreotide acetate is a somatostatin analogue used for the control of endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the treatment of acromegaly. The oral absorption of octreotide is limited because of the limited permeation across the intestinal epithelium. Both chitosan hydrochloride and N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), a quaternized chitosan derivative, are nonabsorbable and nontoxic polymers that have been proven to effectively increase the permeation of hydrophilic macromolecules across mucosal epithelia by opening the tight junctions. This study investigates the intestinal absorption of octreotide when it is coadministered with the polycationic absorption enhancer TMC. Caco-2 cell monolayers were used as an in vitro intestinal epithelium model, and male Wistar rats were used for in vivo studies. Octreotide with or without polymers (TMC; chitosan hydrochloride) was administered intrajejunally in rats, and serum peptide levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. All applications and administrations were performed at neutral pH values (i.e., pH = 7.4). In vitro transport studies with Caco-2 cells revealed an increased permeation of octreotide in the presence of TMC. Enhancement ratios ranged from 34 to 121 with increasing concentrations of the polymer (0.25-1.5%, w/v). In rats, 1.0% (w/v) TMC solution significantly increased the absorption of the peptide analogue, resulting in a 5-fold increase of octreotide bioavailability compared with the controls (octreotide alone). Coadministration of 1.0% (w/v) chitosan hydrochloride did not enhance octreotide bioavailability. These results in combination with the nontoxic character of TMC suggest that this polymer is a promising excipient in the development of solid dosage forms for the peroral delivery and intestinal absorption of octreotide.
Conceptual issues in local adaptation

Studies of local adaptation provide important insights into the power of natural selection relative to gene flow and other evolutionary forces. They are a paradigm for testing evolutionary hypotheses about traits favoured by particular environmental factors. This paper is an attempt to summarize the conceptual framework for local adaptation studies. We first review theoretical work relevant for local adaptation. Then we discuss reciprocal transplant and common garden experiments designed to detect local adaptation in the pattern of deme · habitat interaction for fitness. Finally, we review research questions and approaches to studying the processes of local adaptation ‐ divergent natural selection, dispersal and gene flow, and other processes affecting adaptive differentiation of local demes. We advocate multifaceted approaches to the study of local adaptation, and stress the need for experiments explicitly addressing hypotheses about the role of particular ecological and genetic factors that promote or hinder local adaptation. Experimental evolution of replicated populations in controlled spatially heterogeneous environments allow direct tests of such hypotheses, and thus would be a valuable way to complement research on natural populations.
Potential Pathways From Stigmatization and Externalizing Behavior to Anger and Dating Aggression in Sexually Abused Youth

Although experiencing childhood sexual abuse (CSA) puts youth at risk for involvement in relationship violence, research is limited on the potential pathways from CSA to subsequent dating aggression. The current study examined prospective pathways from externalizing behavior problems and stigmatization (abuse-specific shame and self-blame attributions) to anger and dating aggression. One hundred sixty youth (73% female, 69% ethnic/racial minorities) with confirmed CSA histories were interviewed at the time of abuse discovery (T1, when they were 8–15 years of age), and again 1 and 6 years later (T2 and T3). Externalizing behavior and abuse-specific stigmatization were assessed at T1 and T2. Anger and dating aggression were assessed at T3. The structural equation model findings supported the proposed relations from stigmatization following the abuse to subsequent dating aggression through anger. Only externalizing behavior at T1 was related to later dating aggression, and externalizing was not related to subsequent anger. This longitudinal research suggests that clinical interventions for victims of CSA be sensitive to the different pathways by which youth come to experience destructive conflict behavior in their romantic relationships.
Metabolic Alterations of Toxic and Nonessential Elements by the Treatment of Sempervivum tectorum Extract in a Hyperlipidemic Rat Model

A hyperlipidemic rat model was used to examine the therapeutic effect of Sempervivum tectorum plant extract on the metabolic alterations of Al, As, B, Ba, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Ti in the liver and bile. Hyperlipidemia was produced by lipogenic diet and alcohol and verified by morphological investigation of the liver with the aid of light and an electron microscope. Element concentration in the liver and bile were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The concentration values in the liver higher than the detection limit (Al, Ba, Ni, Ti) were unambiguous. Significant differences were found for the four groups at p < 0.05 level (ANOVA). A significant difference was observed between Al and B concentration in the bile fluids of the 4 groups (p < 0.05). The excretion of Al and Ti into the bile fluid increased significantly (p < 0 .05). Following the administration of S. tectorum extract to rats with hyperlipidemia, the excretion of Al, B and Ba increased, whereas the excretion of Ti decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The favorable action of the extract (protecting the liver in hyperlipidemic rats) was verified by morphological studies, and its detoxicating property was shown by the elimination of Al, Ba, Ni, and Ti from the liver.
Coaching applications Does High Intensity Interval Training ( HIIT ) , have an effect on young swimmers ’ performance ?

Swimming in different high intensities and intervals (HIIT) is a type of exercise that can provide several improvements for swimming training. The aim of this review is to find out if HIIT swimming training is safe and beneficial for young swimmers. The results showed us that HIIT can have a positive effect on the majority of physiological parameters like oxygen uptake, the cardiovascular system and muscle fibers. Moreover, the same positive effects can be found in the performance of soccer, rowing, kayak, cycling and in track athletes as the improvements reached from 6, 7 to 20%. These improvements also had effects on average recovery time between 60 to 120 seconds. The unique study of HIIT’s showed that young swimmers using this technique had better results than the ones who continued the high intensity training. To sum up, the HIIT technique showed us that it can provide benefits not only in young swimmers’ performance but in most of the studies that were carried out.
tIS Cpe 8 , an IS 1595-family lincomycin resistance element located on a 1 conjugative plasmid in Clostridium perfringens 2 3 4

# Corresponding author: Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Monash University, 19 Victoria 3800, Australia. Phone: (+)61 3 9902 9157. Fax: (+)61 3 9902 9222. E-mail: 20 julian.rood@med.monash. edu.au. 21 Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved. J. Bacteriol. doi:10.1128/JB.00668-09 JB Accepts, published online ahead of print on 14 August 2009
Management of the Axilla in Patients with Breast Cancers One Centimeter or Smaller

Very small breast cancers are being diagnosed with increased frequency, and, until recently, little information regarding the incidence of axillary lymph node metastases in these most favorable tumors was available. Moreover, scarce data exist regarding axillary failure in this cohort as a function of initial treatment, be it surgery, radiation, or simply observation. In the present study, limited to women with invasive cancers measuring no more than 10 mm, the incidence of pathologically positive axillary nodes was 12.3%. The incidence of nodal metastases was influenced by tumor size (albeit not quite significantly. p = .08); not one patient with a tumor ≤ 5 mm had axillary node metastases. compared to 14.7% in those with cancers 6 to 10 mm. The histologic grade and tumor location were also important in predicting nodal positivity. The incidence of positive nodes was 38% in those with poorly differentiated cancers, compared to 8% and 7% in women with well and moderately differentiated cancers, respectively, p = . 03. Axillary nodal positivity was seen in 17% of outer quadrant vs 3% of central and inner quadrant primaries. p < . 01. The axilla was managed with surgery alone (76%). radiation alone (6%). surgery and radiation (6%), or simply observation (10%). With a median follow-up of 55 months, not one patient has suffered a nodal recurrence, and in our experience, survival free of distant relapse was not adversely affected by the omission of axillary surgery.