Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drying Technology: An International Journal

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Authors’ Response to the Referees’ Comments on "Impact of a Strong Biomass Burning Event on the Radiative Forcing in the Arctic" Lisok et al

The aim of the presented study was to investigate the impact on the radiation budget of : a ::::::: biomass ::::::: burning :::::: plume, transported from Alaska to : a : high Arctic region (Ny-Ålesund , Svalbard), in early July 2015. This large aerosol load event is considered exceptional in the last 25 years, with mean aerosol optical depth increased by the factor of 10, in comparison to the average summer background values. We utilised in situ data with hygroscopic growth equations, as well as remote sensing measurements as inputs to radiative transfer models, with an objective to estimate biases associated with (i) hygroscopicity, (ii) 5 variability of ω :::::::::::::: single-scattering ::::: albedo ::::::: profiles, : and (iii) plane-parallel closure of the modeled atmosphere. A chemical weather model with satellite-derived biomass burning emissions was used to interpret the transport and transformations pathways. Provided MODTRAN ::::::: radiative ::::::: transfer :::::: model ::::::::: simulations ::: for ::: the :::::: smoke ::::: event :::::: (14:00 :::: July ::: 9 : ::::: 11:30 :::: July ::::: 11) resulted in the mean aerosol direct radiative forcing on the level of -78.9 Wm−2 and -47.0 Wm−2, at the surface and the top of the atmosphere respectively, for the mean value of aerosol optical depth equal to 0.64 at 550 nm. It corresponded to the average 10 clear-sky direct radiative forcing of -43.3 Wm−2, ::::::::: estimated :: by ::::::::: radiometer : and model simulations : at ::: the ::::::: surface. :::::::::: Ultimately, ::::::::: uncertainty ::::::::: connected :::: with :::: the ::::::::::: plane-parallel :::::::::: atmosphere ::::::::::::: approximation :::::: altered :::::: results ::: by ::::: about :: 2 : Wm−2. Furthermore, model-derived aerosol direct radiative forcing efficiency reached on average -126 Wm/τ550 and -71 Wm/τ550 at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere. Estimated heating rate up to 1.8 Kday−1 inside the BB plume, implied vertical mixing with turbulent kinetic energy of 0.3 m2s−2. 15
Climate and management interact to explain the decline of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Jasper National Park

Woodland caribou in the southern portion of Jasper National Park have declined from an estimated 435 in the mid 1970s to a population estimate of 87 in the fall of 2009. We examined the available historical information to determine why caribou have declined. We compared three main hypotheses for caribou decline in JNP: human disturbance, climate change, and wildlife management. We used historical human use statistics, climate data, and animal abundance information to weigh the evidence for these competing hypotheses over two time scales. Caribou decline could not be attributed to changes in climate over the long-term, or an increase in human use (our proxy for disturbance). Caribou decline was attributed to a combination of climate and wildlife management. Recovery of caribou in Jasper National Park will likely be contingent on managing the interaction between the predator/prey dynamic and climate change.
INDUCTION OF CASPASE-3 DEPENDENT APOPTOSIS, CELL CYCLE ARREST AND CYTOTOXICITY IN BREAST CANCER CELLS BY ABRUS PRECATORIUS

Objective: To evaluate the leaf extract of Abrus precatorius as a potential therapy for breast cancer treatment.Methods: Aqueous leaf extracts of A. precatorius was prepared by the process of maceration. The collected filtrate was further partitioned successively into five solvent fractions starting from water, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol by solvent fractionation method using separating funnel. Finally, all the five fractions were subjected to cytotoxic activity assay. The molecular mechanism underlying cytotoxicity was determined by using various approaches viz., 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, Western blot analysis, casp-glow assay and Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.Results: Among five fractions only ethyl acetate fraction of A. precatorius (EAF-AP) showed significant cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB-231 cells, with an IC50 value of 47.3 µg/ml. Apoptosis was confirmed by the appearance of Sub G0/G1 (apoptotic) peak by FACS analysis. Western blotting results clearly indicated cleavage of Caspase-3 and PARP. Casp-glow assay confirmed activation of caspase-3, an important mediator of apoptosis. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed an up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes (p21, p53 and Bax) and down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene, which is an important hallmark of an apoptosis.Conclusion: All these results indicate that EAF-AP, induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, making A. precatorius a potentially good candidate for anticancer drug development.
THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF LICENTIATE OF ENGINEERING

Pedestrian fatalities and injuries are a concern in many regions. Passive safety assessment is well established, and additional active safety assessmen t has recently emerged. However, assessment methods reflecting on the interaction between active and pa ssive safety do not exist in regulatory or consumer testing. An integrated safety assessment that takes consideration to the information gained by active safety evaluation and modifies the passive safety assessme nt accordingly is needed to reduce pedestrian casualties effectively and efficiently. Such an ass es ment can guide the development and proliferation of vehicles offering the greatest benefit in terms of total safety offered. The goal of this thesis is to contribute to the dev elopment of an integrated pedestrian safety assessm ent methodology. Firstly, conceptual work identifies ke y issues and a way forward for the assessment of Tr ue Positive performance, which is predicted injury red uction in test conditions in which safety systems a re to be activated. Secondly, False Positive test procedures are consid ered to provide guidance on balancing between True Positive performance and False Positive driver anno ya ce (activation of automatic emergency braking of forward collision warnings in test conditions in wh ic safety systems are not meant to activate leadin g to driver mistrust and switched-of systems). To do so, driver comfort zone boundaries for pedestrian cros sing situations are quantified indicating the transition point from normal situations to uncomfortable driv ing situations in which the driver will take corrective action. This data can be used to differentiate bet we n desired and undesired False Positive activation, which in turn can help in designing False Positive test procedures. A concept for the development of an integrated pede strian safety assessment methodology is presented in Paper I. Further work is needed to collect data to facilitate the design of a usable and accurate assessment method from this concept. Comfort zone boundaries for pedestrian crossing sit uations were quantified in Papers II and III. TimeTo-Collision (TTC) had comparably low variation in the driver population in two complimentary studies on both a test track and in a driving simulator. Th e comfort zone boundary TTC was independent of the car’s travelling speed but depended on pedestrian c ossing speed. The 90 percentile value for TTC at t he comfort zone boundary for 1 m/s pedestrian speed wa s 2.5 s in Paper II and 2.6 s in Paper III. The val ue for pedestrian speed of 2 m/s was 2.2 s TTC identif i d n Paper III. The methodology as suggested in this thesis relies on the testing of active safety systems in representative scenarios, and testing of passive sa fety with impactor tests. Thus, any limitations wit h the test procedures for active and passive safety, such as unrealistic reflectivity of test targets or lac k of biofidelity of impactors, will have its impact on t he integrated methodology.
Revealing Histories of Exposure Using In Situ Produced 26Al and 10Be in Libyan Desert Glass

We present the results of measurements of 26Al and 10Be produced in situ in 12 samples of Libyan Desert Glass by cosmic rays during the last ten million years. Based on the variability of the concentrations of 10Be and of the 26Al/10Be ratios we measured, we conclude that individual fragments of glass have experienced different exposure histories, implying several major redistributions of the glass within the past 106 years. The 26Al and 10Be concentrations are inconsistent with the theoretical estimates of the rates of in situ production. We estimate minimum production rates of 70 atoms g-1 yr-1 and 10 atoms g-1 yr-1 for 26Al and 10Be, respectively, produced in quartz at sea level between 60–90° latitude. Despite the present uncertainty in the rates of production, we feel that these results show clearly the effectiveness of in situ produced 26Al and 10Be in studying earth-surface processes.
Dependency Stochastic Boolean Satisfiability: A Logical Formalism for NEXPTIME Decision Problems with Uncertainty

Stochastic Boolean Satisfiability (SSAT) is a logical formalism to model decision problems with uncertainty, such as Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) for verification of probabilistic systems. SSAT, however, is limited by its descriptive power within the PSPACE complexity class. More complex problems, such as the NEXPTIME-complete Decentralized POMDP (Dec-POMDP), cannot be succinctly encoded with SSAT. To provide a logical formalism of such problems, we generalize the Dependency Quantified Boolean Formula (DQBF), a representative problem in the NEXPTIME-complete class, to its stochastic variant, named Dependency SSAT (DSSAT), and show that DSSAT is also NEXPTIME-complete. We demonstrate the potential applications of DSSAT to circuit synthesis of probabilistic and approximate design. Furthermore, to study the descriptive power of DSSAT, we establish a polynomial-time reduction from Dec-POMDP to DSSAT. With the theoretical foundations paved in this work, we hope to encourage the development of DSSAT solvers for potential broad applications.
A Review of Nano Fertilizers and Their Use and Functions in Soil

Nanotechnology, focusing on special properties of materials emerging from nanometric size has the potential to revolutionize in the food sector, biomedicine, environmental engineering, safety and security, water resources, energy conversion, and numerous other areas (Baruah et al., 2008). Nanotechnology applications in agriculture are gradually transforming the theoretical possibilities into the practical applications. Novel tools are being designed which can operate at nanometric levels to boost research in molecular and cellular biology. Nanotechnology possesses the potential to augment agricultural productivity through genetic improvement of plants and animals (Kuzma, 2006; Scott 2007) along with cellular level delivery of genes and drug molecules to specific sites in plants and animals (Maysinger, 2007). The potential is increasing with suitable techniques and sensors being identified for precision agriculture, natural resource management, early detection of pathogens and contaminants in food products, efficient delivery systems for agrochemicals such as fertilizers and International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 12 (2017) pp. 3117-3133 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
A three‐dimensional geophysical model of the crust in the Barents Sea region: model construction and basement characterization

SUMMARY BARENTS50, a new 3-D geophysical model of the crust in the Barents Sea Region has been developed by the University of Oslo, NORSAR and the U.S. Geological Survey. The target region comprises northern Norway and Finland, parts of the Kola Peninsula and the East European lowlands. Novaya Zemlya, the Kara Sea and Franz-Josef Land terminate the region to the east, while the Norwegian-Greenland Sea marks the western boundary. In total, 680 1-D seismic velocity profiles were compiled, mostly by sampling 2-D seismic velocity transects, from seismic refraction profiles. Seismic reflection data in the western Barents Sea were further used for density modelling and subsequent density-to-velocity conversion. Velocities from these profiles were binned into two sedimentary and three crystalline crustal layers. The first step of the compilation comprised the layer-wise interpolation of the velocities and thicknesses. Within the different geological provinces of the study region, linear relationships between the thickness of the sedimentary rocks and the thickness of the remaining crystalline crust are observed. We therefore, used the separately compiled (area-wide) sediment thickness data to adjust the total crystalline crustal thickness according to the total sedimentary thickness where no constraints from 1-D velocity profiles existed. The BARENTS50 model is based on an equidistant hexagonal grid with a node spacing of 50 km. The P-wave velocity model was used for gravity modelling to obtain 3-D density structure. A better fit to the observed gravity was achieved using a grid search algorithm which focussed on the density contrast of the sediment-basement interface. An improvement compared to older geophysical models is the high resolution of 50 km. Velocity transects through the 3-D model illustrate geological features of the European Arctic. The possible petrology of the crystalline basement in western and eastern Barents Sea is discussed on the basis of the observed seismic velocity structure. The BARENTS50 model is available at http://www.norsar. no/seismology/barents3d/.
Sentence Meta-Embeddings for Unsupervised Semantic Textual Similarity

We address the task of unsupervised Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) by ensembling diverse pre-trained sentence encoders into sentence meta-embeddings. We apply, extend and evaluate different meta-embedding methods from the word embedding literature at the sentence level, including dimensionality reduction (Yin and Schütze, 2016), generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis (Rastogi et al., 2015) and cross-view auto-encoders (Bollegala and Bao, 2018). Our sentence meta-embeddings set a new unsupervised State of The Art (SoTA) on the STS Benchmark and on the STS12-STS16 datasets, with gains of between 3.7% and 6.4% Pearson’s r over single-source systems.
Probing dark sectors with long-lived particles at Belle II

We propose a new search for light scalar singlets in rare meson decays. For tiny interactions, the scalar is long-lived at detector scales and decays into displaced pairs of leptons or light mesons. We show that Belle II has a remarkable potential to probe scalars in the GeV range with couplings as small as $10^{-5}$. The predicted sensitivity is higher than at the long-baseline experiments FASER and NA62. We also investigate signatures of invisibly decaying scalars in rare meson decays with missing energy.
Learning Graph Convolutional Network for Skeleton-based Human Action Recognition by Neural Searching

Human action recognition from skeleton data, fuelled by the Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) with its powerful capability of modeling non-Euclidean data, has attracted lots of attention. However, many existing GCNs provide a pre-defined graph structure and share it through the entire network, which can loss implicit joint correlations especially for the higher-level features. Besides, the mainstream spectral GCN is approximated by one-order hop such that higher-order connections are not well involved. All of these require huge efforts to design a better GCN architecture. To address these problems, we turn to Neural Architecture Search (NAS) and propose the first automatically designed GCN for this task. Specifically, we explore the spatial-temporal correlations between nodes and build a search space with multiple dynamic graph modules. Besides, we introduce multiple-hop modules and expect to break the limitation of representational capacity caused by one-order approximation. Moreover, a corresponding sampling- and memory-efficient evolution strategy is proposed to search in this space. The resulted architecture proves the effectiveness of the higher-order approximation and the layer-wise dynamic graph modules. To evaluate the performance of the searched model, we conduct extensive experiments on two very large scale skeleton-based action recognition datasets. The results show that our model gets the state-of-the-art results in term of given metrics.
Effect of the application of β-glucans and mannan-oligosaccharides (βG MOS) in an intensive larval rearing system of Paralichthys adspersus (Paralichthydae)

For successful rearing of the flounder Paralichthys adspersus, it is important to optimize growth and sur- vival in the early larval stages. Several authors indicate that the application of β-glucans and mannan-oligosaccharides (βG MOS) in rearing water should improve the larval health, diminishing the effects of physiological stress and physical damage that the aquaculture activities cause to the individuals. In order to evaluate the effect of βG MOS on P. adspersus incorporation on P. adspersus larval survival and growth in intensive culture, experiments were carried out with six-days post-hatch larvae, which had only just begun to feed on live prey (rotifers), and fifteen-day post-hatch larvae. Three treatments were used, applying 5 mg·L -1 , 10 mg·L -1 , and 15 mg·L -1 of βG MOS to the rearing water during the first five days of the experiment and then comparing the results with a control. The results indicate that applications of 5 mg·L -1 of βG MOS in the rearing water enhance larval survival and growth with respect to the control, whereas additions of 15 mg·L -1 of βG MOS suppressed both of these parameters. This effect increases for larvae that have recently absorbed the yolk sac. An histological analysis of the intestinal epithelium of the larvae suggests that βG MOS promotes the expression of monocytes (forerunner cells of macrophages) associated with the non-specific immune system of the fish.
Online matrix factorization for Markovian data and applications to Network Dictionary Learning

Online Matrix Factorization (OMF) is a fundamental tool for dictionary learning problems, giving an approximate representation of complex data sets in terms of a reduced number of extracted features. Convergence guarantees for most of the OMF algorithms in the literature assume independence between data matrices, and the case of a dependent data stream remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we show that the well-known OMF algorithm for i.i. d. stream of data proposed in \cite{mairal2010online}, in fact converges almost surely to the set of critical points of the expected loss function, even when the data matrices form a Markov chain satisfying a mild mixing condition. Furthermore, we extend the convergence result to the case when we can only approximately solve each step of the optimization problems in the algorithm. For applications, we demonstrate dictionary learning from a sequence of images generated by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler. Lastly, by combining online non-negative matrix factorization and a recent MCMC algorithm for sampling motifs from networks, we propose a novel framework of Network Dictionary Learning, which extracts `network dictionary patches' from a given network in an online manner that encodes main features of the network. We demonstrate this technique on real-world text data.
Factors influencing fertility preference of a developing country during demographic transition: Evidence from Bangladesh

Fertility preferences indicate the extent of intended control over reproductive outcomes, and are therefore vital components in the analysis of individual fertility behavior and aggregate fertility trends of a country. Despite extensive research, dissimilarities remain regarding the prior stated fertility preferences and subsequent fertility behavior, especially in case of developing countries like Bangladesh; where third stage of demographic transition begun as a result of continuous assessment. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the differentials of fertility preference as well as the possible timing of the next parity progression of those Bangladeshi couples having positive intentions for more children. BDHS-2007 data is used to estimate a series of discrete time event history models of fertility preference and possible timing for next parity progression considering the dynamic nature of fertility preferences, and controlling for changing reproductive life cycle factors and socioeconomic background predictors of fertility. Findings suggest that though death of last child plays a vital role; there is a complex structure of the decision-making around fertility along with gender preference, abortions, couples educational level, mother’s participation in labor force. Although socio-economic classes don’t have significant influence on fertility preference, mother’s age plays vital role on fertility preference and desired waiting time in Bangladesh. South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 23-30
Multi-epoch Modeling of TXS 0506+056 and Implications for Long-term High-energy Neutrino Emission

The IceCube report of a excess of 13 ± 5 neutrino events in the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 in 2014–2015 and the 2017 detection of a high-energy neutrino event, IceCube-170922A, during a gamma-ray flare from the same blazar, have revived the interest in scenarios for neutrino production in blazars. We perform comprehensive analyses on the long-term electromagnetic emission of TXS 0506+056 using optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray data from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae, the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image, and the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We also perform numerical modeling of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in four epochs prior to 2017 with contemporaneous gamma-ray and lower-energy (optical and/or X-ray) data. We find that the multi-epoch SEDs are consistent with a hybrid leptonic scenario, where the gamma-rays are produced in the blazar zone via external inverse Compton scattering of accelerated electrons, and high-energy neutrinos are produced via the photomeson production process of co-accelerated protons. The multi-epoch SEDs can be satisfactorily explained with the same jet parameters and variable external photon density and electron luminosity. Using the maximal neutrino flux derived for each epoch, we put an upper limit of ∼0.4–2 on the muon neutrino number in 10 years of IceCube observations. Our results are consistent with the IceCube-170922A detection, which can be explained as an upper fluctuation from the average neutrino rate expected from the source, but in strong tension with the 2014–2015 neutrino flare.