Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intracavernous delivery of clonal mesenchymal stem cells rescues erectile function in the streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mouse

The major hurdle for the clinical application of stem cell therapy is the heterogeneous nature of the isolated cells, which may cause different treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of mouse clonal bone marrow‐derived stem cells (BMSCs) obtained from a single colony by using subfractionation culturing method for erectile function in diabetic animals. Twelve‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: controls, diabetic mice, and diabetic mice treated with a single intracavernous injection of PBS (20 μL) or clonal BMSCs (3 × 105 cells/20 μL). Clonal BMSCs were isolated from 5‐week‐old C3H mice. Two weeks after treatment, erectile function was measured by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. The penis was stained with antibodies to PECAM‐1, smooth muscle α‐actin, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), neurofilament, and phosphorylated endothelial NOS (phospho‐eNOS). We also performed Western blot for phospho‐eNOS, and eNOS in the corpus cavernosum tissue. Local delivery of clonal BMSCs significantly restored cavernous endothelial and smooth muscle cell contents, and penile nNOS and neurofilament contents, and induced eNOS phosphorylation (Ser1177) in diabetic mice. Intracavernous injection of clonal BMSCs induced significant recovery of erectile function, which reached 80–90% of the control values. Clonal BMSCs successfully restored erectile function through dual angiogenic and neurotrophic effects in diabetic mice. The homogenous nature of clonal mesenchymal stem cells may allow their clinical applications and open a new avenue through which to treat diabetic erectile dysfunction.
Institutional Forces

Institutional theory is employed for examining how and to what extent external pressure leads to changes in the venture idea during the start-up and early life of new, knowledge-intensive ventures. From a population of 321 young, knowledge-intensive firms that underwent a training program at Linkping University, Sweden, structured telephone interview data were obtained from 167 firms. The results confirmed that the venture idea had undergone more change in ventures that had more external owners, a dominant customer, and an incubator location. The results imply that institutional theory is a meaningful tool for understanding why and how venture ideas change over time.
Surgical Management of Cavernous Malformations Involving the Cranial Nerves

OBJECTIVETo analyze the indications and techniques pertinent to the treatment of cranial nerve (CN) cavernous malformations (CMs). METHODSCN CMs are lesions isolated to the CNs. CMs affecting the optic nerve (CN II), oculomotor nerve (CN III), facial/vestibulocochlear complex (CN VII and CN VIII), and hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) have been described. The records for six patients were reviewed with respect to lesion location, symptoms, surgical approach, and therapeutic considerations. This is the largest series of CMs isolated to CNs reported to date. RESULTSThree female patients and three male patients (age range, 28–76 yr; mean age, 41 yr) presented with six CN lesions; four lesions involved the optic chiasm and two involved CN VII and CN VIII. The patients with chiasmatic lesions presented with acute visual deterioration. Both patients with CN VII/CN VIII lesions exhibited acute hearing loss. The level of deterioration suggested CM hemorrhage. Orbitozygomatic craniotomies were performed for chiasmatic lesions, and retrosigmoid craniotomies were performed for cerebellopontine angle lesions. All patients experienced symptom improvement after surgery. One chiasmatic lesion recurred after 2 years and required resection. CONCLUSIONCN CMs present with site-specific symptoms and require complex surgical techniques for resection. These lesions are frequently symptomatic, because of the eloquence of the tissue of origin. Therefore, all CN CMs should be resected. Subtotal resection uniformly results in disease and symptom recurrence. CN CMs can be resected safely, with preservation of CN function.
Does More Time Spent Calling Home Correlate with Higher Remittances? Evidence from Migrants in the State of Qatar

Abstract This paper investigates an intriguing relationship between the demand for telecommunication and remittance services by migrants in Qatar. The hypothesis is that there are important synergies between telecommunications and remittances. Migrants with greater telecom access may have higher demand for remittances, because more frequent communication with relatives raises altruistic motivations for remitting. Migrants who remit more may also demand greater telecommunication service if they seek to monitor remittance recipients’ expenditure patterns. Suggestive evidence of complementarities in telecommunication and remittance demand is found using a cross-sectional dataset of temporary migrants in Qatar from developing countries. This finding highlights an overlooked, yet potentially important role of telecommunication in stimulating greater remittances.
Clinical Patterns and Causes of Intraocular Inflammation in a Uveitis Patient Cohort from Egypt

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the patterns and causes of intraocular inflammation in patients attending uveitis referral clinics in Egypt. Methods: The study included 454 patients with uveitis examined both at the Department of Ophthalmology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, and tertiary uveitis referral clinics in Cairo and the International Eye Clinic in Upper Egypt, between August 2013 and March 2016. All patients had a comprehensive ocular examination and systemic work-up. Standard diagnostic criteria for uveitis syndromes were employed for all patients and ancillary ocular or systemic investigations were ordered as required by the suspected uveitis entity. Results: The mean age at presentation was 30 years (range: 4–75). The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Panuveitis was the most common anatomic pattern (43%), followed by anterior (40.7%), posterior (9%), and intermediate uveitis (7.3%). Anterior uveitis was most commonly attributed to pediatric parasitic anterior chamber granulomas (22.2%). Intermediate uveitis was most commonly idiopathic (81.8%). Toxoplasma retinitis was the most common cause of posterior uveitis (31.7%). Behçet disease was the most common cause of panuveitis followed by Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease (45.6% and 22.1%, respectively). Among non-infectious etiologies, Behçet disease was the most frequent etiology (28.6%), while for infectious causes, herpetic uveitis was found to be the most frequent cause (39.8%). Conclusions: In this uveitis patient population from Egypt, panuveitis was the most commonly encountered anatomic diagnosis. Behçet disease was the most common identified cause of uveitis followed by VKH disease. Herpes-related uveitides and parasitic granulomas represented the most evident causes of infectious uveitis.
Institutional change and social stability in Georgia

The system transformation of Georgia has not yet resulted in institutional stability. The system is functioning on a basis of the balance of power, which may evolve over time, causing destabilisation. Strong antagonisms among competing powers may be described as a situation of distrust, or pictured as an hourglass, in which narrow midpoint corresponds to the missing institutions of fair competition and representation. After the Rose Revolution the balance of powers has been evolving towards more entrenched hierarchy, which means that further democratization, if any, is likely to be linked with the destabilisation.
Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and risk for inattention and negative emotionality in children.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to replicate and extend previous work showing an association between maternal pre-pregnancy adiposity and risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children. METHODS A Swedish population-based prospective pregnancy-offspring cohort was followed up when children were 5 years old (N = 1,714). Mothers and kindergarten teachers rated children's ADHD symptoms, presence and duration of problems, and emotionality. Dichotomized outcomes examined difficulties of clinical relevance (top 15% of the distribution). Analyses adjusted for pregnancy (maternal smoking, depressive symptoms, life events, education, age, family structure), birth outcomes (birth weight, gestational age, infant sex) and concurrent variables (family structure, maternal depressive symptoms, parental ADHD symptoms, and child overweight) in an attempt to rule out confounding. RESULTS Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity predicted high inattention symptom scores and obesity was associated with a two-fold increase in risk of difficulties with emotion intensity and emotion regulation according to teacher reports. Means of maternal ratings were unrelated to pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Presence and duration of problems were associated with both maternal over and underweight according to teachers. CONCLUSIONS Despite discrepancies between maternal and teacher reports, these results provide further evidence that maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity are associated with child inattention symptoms and extend previous work by establishing a link between obesity and emotional difficulties. Maternal adiposity at the time of conception may be instrumental in programming child mental health, as prenatal brain development depends on maternal energy supply. Possible mechanisms include disturbed maternal metabolic function. If maternal pre-pregnancy obesity is a causal risk factor, the potential for prevention is great.
ZPAC is required for normal spermatogenesis in mice

The ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway, involved in genetic recombination and sex‐chromosome silencing during meiosis, plays critical roles in the specification of germ‐line stem cells and the differentiation of gametes from gonocytes. Zygote‐specific proteasome assembly chaperone (ZPAC) is expressed in the early mouse embryo, where it is important for progression of the mouse maternal‐to‐zygotic transition. The role of ZPAC during spermatogenesis in the adult gonads, however, remains unknown. In this study, rapid amplification of cDNA ends was used to determine the Zpac cDNA sequence, a 1584‐bp transcript that includes a putative 1122‐bp open reading frame coding for a 373 amino acid protein. Western blot and immunohistochemistry revealed that ZPAC was specifically expressed in gonads. To further dissect the function of ZPAC during spermatogenesis, we employed PiggyBac‐based RNA interference vectors for transgenesis combined with cell transplantation to deplete Zpac during spermatogenesis. This RNAi‐mediate depletion in Zpac expression disrupted normal spermatogenesis from spermatogonial stem cells. Two independent yeast two‐hybrid screens further revealed an interaction between ZPAC and SYCE1. Together, these data suggest that ZPAC is required for normal spermatogenesis in mice. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 747–755, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmental and Land Use Regulation in Nonrenewable Resource Industries: Implications from the Wyoming Checkerboard

This paper examines how the oil and gas industry responds to changes in environmental and land use regulations pertaining to drilling by examining differences in regulatory practices on federal and private land. A simulation model for Wyoming is used to estimate losses of oil and gas output over the next 60 years because of higher drilling costs found on federal property. The present value of these losses comes to about $800 million. Also, this case study is of interest because it shows that future production is more sensitive to changes in environmental regulations that apply to drilling than to changes in severance taxes levied on production. (JEL Q24, Q32)
Human metabolism of dietary flavonoids: Identification of plasma metabolites of quercetin

The position of conjugation of the flavonoid quercetin dramatically affects biological activity in vitro, therefore it is important to determine the exact nature of the plasma metabolites. In the present study, we have used various methods (HPLC with diode array detection, LCMS, chemical and enzymic synthesis of authentic conjugates and specific enzymic hydrolysis) to show that quercetin glucosides are not present in plasma of human subjects 1.5 h after consumption of onions (a rich source of flavonoid glucosides). All four individuals had similar qualitative profiles of metabolites. The major circulating compounds in the plasma after 1.5 h are identified as quercetin-3-glucuronide, 3′-methyl-quercetin-3-glucuronide and quercetin-3′-sulfate. The existence of substitutions in the B and/or C ring of plasma quercetin metabolites suggests that these conjugates will each have very different biological activities.
Mutational Analysis of the Hormone-sensitive Lipase Translocation Reaction in Adipocytes*

Lipolysis in adipocytes governs the release of fatty acids for the supply of energy to various tissues of the body. This reaction is mediated by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), a cytosolic enzyme, and perilipin, which coats the lipid droplet surface in adipocytes. Both HSL and perilipin are substrates for polyphosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA), and phosphorylation of perilipin is required to induce HSL to translocate from the cytosol to the surface of the lipid droplet, a critical step in the lipolytic reaction (Sztalryd C., Xu, G., Dorward, H., Tansey, J. T., Contreras, J.A, Kimmel, A. R., and Londos, C. (2003) J. Cell Biol. 161, 1093–1103). In the present paper we demonstrate that phosphorylation at one of the two more recently discovered PKA sites within HSL, serines 659 and 660, is also required to effect the translocation reaction. Translocation does not occur when these serines residues are mutated simultaneously to alanines. Also, mutation of the catalytic Ser-423 eliminates HSL translocation, showing that the inactive enzyme does not migrate to the lipid droplet upon PKA activation. Thus, HSL translocation requires the phosphorylation of both HSL and perilipin.
The Consequences of the Internet for Politics

Political scientists are only now beginning to come to terms with the importance of the Internet to politics. The most promising way to study the Internet is to look at the role that causal mechanisms such as the lowering of transaction costs, homophilous sorting, and preference falsification play in intermediating between specific aspects of the Internet and political outcomes. This will allow scholars to disentangle the relevant causal relationships and contribute to important present debates over whether the Internet exacerbates polarization in the United States, and whether social media helped pave the way toward the Arab Spring uprisings of 2011. Over time, ever fewer political scientists are likely to study the Internet as such, as it becomes more and more a part of everyday political life. However, integrating the Internet's effects with present debates over politics, and taking proper advantage of the extraordinary data that it can provide, requires good causal arguments and attention to their und.
The Export Propensity of the Very Small Enterprise (VSE)

DR. NORMAN PHIL P) IS HEAD OF THE SC i00Lo of B1tsiness and associate professorof initeinational business at Charles Stii-t Univei-sitv-Murray Campus, in Albury, Aiustralia. This paper is based oni data collected in a research project funded by the Rutral Industries Research anid D)evelopment C,orporationi, Australia. The lai-get ploject examiined the overall e xpoi t behaviour of food and beverage processiing manufacturers located in the ut v-al (nion-mietropolitan) regions of Atusti-alia's two most populous states, New South WAales and Victoria. The size of firimi lihas often been hypothesised aIs beinig negatively related to its propensitx to engage actively in export activity. The aboxe r-esearclh project, based on a multivariate analysis of the effects of the numerous and frequently studied firmspecific and mnanagerially-related explanatorx variables, did not confirm thlis hx potlhesis. A significant proportion of vcry smnall food processing firms (havin-10o 1O o0 fexwer emnployees and genelnallx less than A$1 million trl ovei) ver e fotind to be actively engagedl in e(xpco t activity. This paperconcentrates on these xlerv small, family-type enterl)ises (VSEs). It seeks to deter-milne xwhiclh of the firm-specific and iuii ii Ageriall -rrelated vTariables most stroinglx determirine the propensity foi VSEs to export and to differentiate theim Iil omll tble ir noni-exporting, VSE coutllterparts. Then, using the same set of explanatory variables, it asks whether andl on X01bat basis we cani differentiate thle VSE exporteis from their lar-ger-sizedl expo)rting cotunterparts.
Adaptation of Four Models of Public Relations in Promoting Green Technology: The Role of Green Public Relation in Malaysia

This paper analyses the adaptation of James Grunig and Todd Hunt’s Four Models of Public Relations (1984) theory to green public relations roles in Malaysia. This paper also focuses on identifying the green public relations role in promoting green technology and also determines which of this public relations model best describes the practice of green public relations in promoting green technology. Besides, this study also aimed to suggest the best way to promote green technology based on the theory. Data was collected using qualitative methods of in-depth interview. The findings of this study indicate that the press agentry and public information models were widely implied in green public relations practice. Thus, this study suggests the practitioners to focus more on two-way symmetrical model which provides a balance communication between organisation and its stakeholder.
Perioperative Multimodality Neuromonitoring: An Overview

Neurologic damage after cardiac surgery remains an important cause of postoperative morbidity. In addition to a wide variety of procedural risks, patient-specific factors such as the presence of extracranial or intracranial atherosclerotic disease, either alone or together, have a fundamental impact on the risk of brain injury developing after cardiovascular surgery. A variety of neurophysiologic monitoring techniques have been used during cardiovascular surgery in hopes of averting neurologic injury. In this issue ofSeminars, the strengths and weaknesses of each are discussed by a group of highly experienced clinical investigators. The ultrasound techniques of epiaortic scanning and continuous transcranial Doppler insonation of large intracranial arteries can alter perfusion management and surgical habits to markedly decrease the delivery of atherosclerotic, lipoidal, and gaseous microemboli to the brain and other vital organs. Cerebral hypoperfusion from unrecognized cerebral venous obstruction, inadequate mean arterial pressure, or hypocapnic cerebral alkalosis can be identified by transcranial near-infrared spectroscopy, electroencephalogram, and sensory evoked potentials. Compromise of spinal cord perfusion during the repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysms may be identified and corrected with the guidance provided by transcranial electric motor-evoked potentials. Quantitative electroencephalogram and auditory evoked potential indices also appear beneficial in producing objective measures of the hypnotic component of anesthesia. These neuromonitoring methods, particularly when used in concert, can improve overall patient outcome and reduce hospital length of stay.
Robust Multidimensional Spatial Poverty Comparisons in Ghana, Madagascar, and Uganda

Spatial poverty comparisons are investigated in three African countries using multidimensional indicators of well-being. The work is analogous to the univariate stochastic dominance literature in that it seeks poverty orderings that are robust to the choice of multidimensional poverty lines and indices. In addition, the study seeks to ensure that the comparisons are robust to aggregation procedures for multiple welfare variables. In contrast to earlier work, the methodology applies equally well to what can be defined as union, intersection, and intermediate approaches to dealing with multidimensional indicators of well-being. Furthermore, unlike much of the stochastic dominance literature, this work computes the sampling distributions of the poverty estimators to perform statistical tests of the difference in poverty measures. The methods are applied to two measures of well-being, the log of household expenditures per capita and children's height-forage z scores, using data from the 1988 Ghana Living Standards Study survey, the 1993 National Household Survey in Madagascar, and the 1999 National Household Survey in Uganda. Bivariate poverty comparisons are at odds with univariate comparisons in several interesting ways. Most important, it cannot always be concluded that poverty is lower in urban areas in one region compared with that in rural areas in another, even though univariate comparisons based on household expenditures per capita almost always lead to that conclusion.
Molecular and genetic properties of plasmid R485 conferring resistance to sulphonamides.

Summary: Plasmid R485 carrying a determinant of resistance to sulphonamides was isolated from rec+ and recA Escherichia coli hosts, and its molecular properties were examined and compared with the characteristics of an incompatible plasmid, R6K, a type plasmid of incompatibility group X (IncX). Examination of R485 DNA by electron microscopy revealed monomer, dimer and miniplasmid molecules in preparations isolated from the rec + host, while only monomers were seen in preparations obtained from the recA host. The molecular sizes of the R485 monomers from the rec + and the recA host were 34·9 ± 3·7 and 38·3 ± 0·8 megadaltons (Mdal), respectively. The dimer molecules of R485 (59·7 ± 2·9Mdal) probably resulted from the recombination between one monomer molecule of normal size and another from which the miniplasmid (11·2 Mdal) was segregated. The G+C content of R485 DNA was 44·3 mol %. With a minimum copy number of approximately one per E. coli chromosome equivalent, plasmid R485 differs conspicuously from the multicopy plasmid R6K; this finding indicates that the replication of R485 and R6K is differently controlled. The presence of plasmid R485 in a cell brought about a reduction of the frequency of conjugative transfer of an IncP plasmid, RP1, and an IncN plasmid, N3A, but it did not affect the transfer of IncW plasmid Sa. Plasmid R485 showed integrative suppression of the expression of a chromosomal temperature-sensitive dnaA mutation, indicating that its replication is independent of the dnaA gene product. The simultaneous presence of incompatible plasmids R485 and R6K in a cell resulted in the elimination of R6K in the absence of selection pressure, while under selective conditions only a decrease in the number of R6K copies was found. Inhibition of growth of E. coli E52int6K by plasmid R485 at elevated temperature also indicated the negative effect of R485 on R6K replication.
Creativity and its Discontents: Professional Ideology and Creativity in Architect Work

Architects are a professional group that is commonly associated with creative and aesthetic work and with strong professional norms, values and identities. While such shared norms and beliefs are positive overall in terms of being constitutive of professional subject-positions, an overemphasis on specific skills and qualities may also be regarded as a burden on members of the professional community. A study of a major Scandinavian architect office suggests that the perceived lack of creative and innovative thinking and accompanying dialogues and discussions among practising architects tends to produce cynicism and, to some extent, disappointment. As a consequence, professional ideologies may in some cases be out of joint with everyday work realities, and thereby to some extent produce expectations that are complicated to fulfil. Professional ideologies are thus both what integrates and consolidates a profession while at the same time prescribing ideal future scenarios for the professional community.