Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOLVENT EFFECT ON PHOTOSTABILITY OF BUTYL METHOXY DI BENZOYL METHANE FORMULATED IN SOLUTION AND EMULSION

Objective: The current study was undertaken to correlate the impact of some cosmetics solvents in the photostability of butyl methoxy dibenzoyl methane (BMDBM) into systems with an increasing order of complexity, from simple solutions to emulsions. Methods: Solutions and emulsions containing BMDBM in different solvents were prepared and evaluated using spectrophotometer or transmittance analyzer, respectively. Also, emulsions containing BMDBM in combination with octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) in ratio 1:1 and 1: 2, and in the presence of octocrylene in the ratio 1:2:1 were prepared. The percentage of decay absorbance at 356 nm was measured before and after irradiation at 500 W/m 2 at intervals of 20 min until completing 100 min. Finally, a photolysis assay was carried to analyze deoxygenated and not BMDBM solutions. Results: The absorbance decay of BMDBM in solution was higher in solvents such as mineral oil, isopropyl palmitate and isopropyl myristate. Also, it was observed that concentration and degassing had an effect on the decay kinetics. In emulsions containing only, BMDBM, the absorbance decay did not exceed 20% in all solvents, suggesting a protective effect of the matrix. In the contrary, a decay of 90% was observed in emulsion containing BMDBM and OMC in a 1:2 ratio. When Oct was added to that emulsion, stabilization on the absorbance decay of BMDBM was detected. Conclusion: This study evidenced that the photochemistry of BMDBM is different in solutions and in emulsions. In solutions, the nature of solvents was important, while in emulsions the nature of UVB filters played a pivotal role in the stability of BMDBM.
Dough mixing and thermal properties including the pasting profiles of composite flour blends with added hydrocolloids.

Dough mixing and thermal properties including the pasting profiles of various commercial wheat flour (WF)-banana pseudostem flour (BP)-hydrocolloid blends were determined using a farinograph, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a rapid-visco analyser (RVA). The prepared blends were WF, WF substituted with 10% BP (10BP) and 10BP with added 0.8% w/w (flour weight basis) xanthan gum (XG) or sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (10BPX and 10BPC, respectively). The dough of 10BP and the doughs containing XG or CMC reduced stability and breakdown time compared with the WF dough. All dough containing BP demonstrated greater water absorption and mixing tolerance index values than the WF dough. The substitution of 10% BP into WF and the addition of hydrocolloids did not significantly affect the conclusion temperature (Tc) of the mixture, but did increased the onset temperature (To), peak temperature (Tp) and decreased the gelatinisation enthalpy change (ΔHg) of the blends. Samples of 10BP, 10BPX and 10BPC significantly decreased (p<0.05) the breakdown, final viscosity and setback of the mixtures. These are vital characteristics to understand prior to the development of new formulation for low-calorie, wheat-based products.
What Does It Take to Become a Good Mathematician

Using an exhaustive database on academic publications in mathematics, we study the patterns of productivity by world mathematicians over the period 1984-2006. We uncover some surprising facts, such as the absence of age related decline in productivity and the relative symmetry of international movements, rejecting the presumption of a massive ”brain drain” towards the U.S. Looking at the U.S. academic market in mathematics, we analyze the determinants of success by top departments. In conformity with recent studies in other fields, we find that selection effects are much stronger than local interaction effects: the best departments are most successful in hiring the most promising mathematicians, but not necessarily at stimulating positive externalities among them. Finally we analyze the impact of career choices by mathematicians: mobility almost always pays, but early specialization does not.
Efficient Preconditioners for a Shock Capturing Space-Time Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Systems of Conservation Laws

An entropy stable fully discrete shock capturing space-time Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method was proposed in a recent paper to approximate hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. This numerical scheme involves the solution of a very large nonlinear system of algebraic equations, by a Newton-Krylov method, at every time step. In this paper, we design efficient preconditioners for the large, non-symmetric linear system, that needs to be solved at every Newton step. Two sets of preconditioners, one of the block Jacobi and another of the block Gauss-Seidel type are designed. Fourier analysis of the preconditioners reveals their robustness and a large number of numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the gain in efficiency that results from preconditioning. The resulting method is employed to compute approximate solutions of the compressible Euler equations, even for very high CFL numbers.
The Effect of Task Based Language Teaching on Writing Skills of EFL Learners in Malaysia

This quasi experimental study has validated the effectiveness of Task Based Language Teaching (TBLT) in promoting writing skills of EFL learners enrolled in undergraduate programs at public sector Malaysian universities. TBLT is emerging as an essential part of curricula in language pedagogies in several countries around the globe and advocated by prominent SLA researchers along with ELT practitioners. In current study research participants were divided into an experimental and a control group. The data were collected following a Mixed Method Research paradigm during pretest and posttest. A Paired Samples T-test was used to determine the statistical significance of the learners’ scores in pretest as compared to the posttest. The vast majority of the learners opined in their reflective journal that TBLT was the most interesting and a learner centered approach enabling learners to use their existing linguistic resources. The use of existing linguistic resources is a fundamental principle of TBLT as it leads the EFL learners to be fluent and confident users of English language both inside and outside the classroom in real life situations.
A glacial geomorphological map of the southernmost ice lobes of Patagonia: the Bahía Inútil – San Sebastián, Magellan, Otway, Skyring and Río Gallegos lobes

This paper presents a glacial geomorphological map of the landforms created by five large ice lobes that extended eastwards from the southernmost reaches of the Patagonian Ice Sheet during the Quaternary period. The study is focussed on Tierra del Fuego, but also updates previous mapping of the Skyring and Otway lobes, and the resulting level of detail and extent is a significant advance on previous work in the region. The map has been created as the necessary precursor for an improved understanding of the glacial history of the region, and to underpin a programme of dating glacial limits in the region. It was produced using Landsat ETM+ and ASTER satellite imagery and vertical aerial photography, supplemented by Google Earth™ imagery and field-checking. Eleven landform types were mapped: moraine ridges, subdued moraine topography, kettle-kame topography, glacial lineations, irregular and regular hummocky terrain, irregular dissected ridges, eskers, meltwater channels, former shorelines and outwash plains. The map reveals three important characteristics of the glacial geomorphology. First, the geomorphic systems are largely dominated by landforms associated with meltwater (channels, outwash plains and kettle-kame topography). Second, there is a difference in the nature of landforms associated with the northern three ice lobes, where limits are generally marked by numerous clear moraine ridges, compared to those to the south, where hummocky terrain and drift limits prevail. Finally, cross-cutting landforms offer evidence of multiple advances, in places, which has implications for the timing of limit deposition, and thus for the design and interpretation of a dating programme.
Detection probability for estimating bird density on New Zealand sheep & beef farms

Factors influencing detection probability in line transect distance sampling were investigated to estimate the abundance of four common farmland birds on 12 sheep & beef farms in the South Island of New Zealand. Our primary aim was to evaluate the necessity of employing distance methods to correct for heterogeneity in detection probability. Detections of skylark Alauda arvensis, blackbird Turdus merula, song thrush Turdus philomelos, and Australian magpie Gymnorhina tibicen were recorded using ten 500-m unbounded line transects on each of 9-10 visits, and modelled using multiple covariate distance sampling methods. Covariates of detectability played a strong role in model fitting, but showed few consistent directional trends within species. Increased woody vegetation cover on farms greatly decreased detectability, while few seasonal or geographical effects were found. No detectability differences were found between farms using certified organic, integrated management or conventional farming systems, indicating that bird population dynamics might be compared between systems using simpler index counts. However, unless detectability parameters can be standardised to a high degree within a survey, we recommend the use of analysis methods that incorporate heterogeneity in detection probability.
Negative Spillover in Brand Portfolios: Exploring the Antecedents of Asymmetric Effects

Marketers cultivate brand relatedness in their brand portfolios to increase marketing efficiency through positive spillover of brand equity. However, creating linkages between brands may also make them vulnerable to negative spillover. This research investigates the structure of relatedness in a brand portfolio to understand the nature of spillover effects. The results of two experiments show that the magnitude of spillover between brands is a function of not only the strength of brand associations but also their directionality. The results also show that the directional strength of association is influenced by the number and salience of associations linked to each brand. The authors draw implications for a theoretical understanding of spillover effects in marketing, as well as for the management of brand portfolios.
Fisheries-induced evolutionary changes in maturation reaction norms in North Sea sole Solea solea

Age and size at maturation decreased in several commercially exploited fish stocks, which, according to life history theory, may be due to fisheries-induced evolutionary change. How- ever, the observed changes may also represent a plastic response to environmental variability. To dis- entangle phenotypic plasticity from evolutionary change, the probabilistic reaction norm approach was applied to 43 cohorts (1960 to 2002) of female sole Solea solea from market samples. The reaction norm for age and size at first maturation has significantly shifted towards younger age and smaller size. Size at 50% probability of maturation at Age 3 decreased from 28.6 cm (251 g) to 24.6 cm (128 g). This change was even stronger when condition was included as a third dimension in the reaction norm estimation. The influence of alternative factors was tested on the population level by regression of reaction norm midpoints on annual estimates of condition, temperature and competitive biomass. Although effects of temperature and competitive biomass were significant, the variation in the midpoints was best explained by the decreasing time trend. Therefore, the results provide strong evidence for a fisheries-induced evolutionary change in the onset of sexual maturity.
Clinical Competence and Organizational Socialization according to Communication Style of Preceptors as Perceived by New Nurses

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine clinical competence and organizational socialization according to communication style of preceptors as perceived by new nurses. Met hods: From May 1 to July 31, 2014, data were collected from 180 new graduated nurses who had been working for 3〜12 months in hospitals in Busan and one in Gyungnam. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Preceptors’s communication style perceived by the new nurses included supportive type, reflective type, emotive type, and directive type in order of precedence. The average score for clinical competence was 2.82±0.31, and the average score for organizational socialization was 3.05±0.40. There were significant differences in nurses' clinical competence(F=9.087, p＜.001) and organizational socialization (F=30.129, p＜.001) according to preceptor‘s communication style. Conclusion: Results indicate that supportive and emotive communication styles of preceptors were important factors in the success of the preceptees' clinical competence and organizational socialization.
Productivity and profitability of Indian mustard under different organic nutrient management practices in Semi-arid region

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of the different organic nutrient sources on productivity and profitability of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. ]. Eight treatments having three organic sources viz., farmyard manure, vermicompost and poultry manure with or without biodynamic manure 500 and 501 was laid out in a randomized block design replicated thrice. The organic source comprising combined application of poultry manure @ 1.7 t/ha along with biodynamic manure 500 + BD 501 produced significantly higher seed yield (1966 kg ha-1) and stover yield (5169 kg ha-1) to the tune of 78.7 and 52.4 per cent higher over control, respectively. Growth and yield attributes viz., plant height (161.5 cm), number of branches per plant (5.2), length of siliqua (6.0 cm), number of siliqua per plant (235.6), number of seeds per siliqua (15.4) and test weight (5.1 gm) of mustard were significantly higher with poultry manure @ 1.7 t/ha + BD 500 + BD 501 over the no manure application and superior over rest organic treatments. Application of poultry manure @ 1.7 t/ha + BD 500 + BD 501 gave highest net return (Rs. 51204 ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.9).
THE DECAY LAW OF GRID TURBULENCE IN A ROTATING TANK

The energy decay of grid-generated turbulence in a rotating tank is experimentally investigated by means of particle image velocimetry. For times smaller than the Ekman timescale, a range of approximate self-similar decay is found, in the form u 2 (t) / t in , with the exponent n decreasing from 2 to values close to 1 as the rotation rate is increased. This observation is interpreted in the frame of a phenomenological model based on the exponent of the energy spectrum, in which both the effects of the rotation and the confinement are taken into account.
Business model adaptation in the Apulian agro-food industry: A preliminary study.

This paper outlines a study into business model adaptation in the agro-food sector in the Italian region of Apulia. Given the lack of extant theory of business model adaptation, the study will take a field based approach to data collection, with no hypotheses to be tested. Interviews and associated data sources will be analysed to develop theory inductively. The purposeful sample contains firms considered to be highly innovative in the local context. Results from an initial batch of case studies indicate that the framework in as yet unpublished work (Chesbrough forthcoming; Doz and Kosonen forthcoming) will provide useful guidance.
Portrait methodology and educational leadership : putting the person first

This article describes a variant on a methodological approach which provides ways of developing educational leaders' understandings of themselves and their situation through the production of individually written 'portraits' which focus upon the individuals' personal concerns and issues. It describes the process undertaken in forming a particular application of this approach, which is characterised by being highly private, highly personal and conducted by peers, rather than by others in a hierarchical relationship, to produce a picture of a person's concerns at one moment in time. It examines a number of possible criticisms, before arguing that there are a number of distinct benefits to its adoption. A description is provided of how such a methodology can be translated into a useful tool that provides individuals with the non-judgemental space to reflect upon themselves and their performance, and to develop supportive networks of peers who can help to sustain them in their job. This approach then could not only help remediate current issues of recruitment and retention to leadership positions, it could also provide private development space in societies and educational systems increasingly characterised by surveillance and public criticism of performance. Finally, whilst this article focuses upon the use of portraits for educational leaders, it is suggested that it is a technique that could be used by virtually anyone in order to create space for private reflection.
A new species of Osteocephalus (Anura: Hylidae) from Amazonian Bolivia: first evidence of tree frog breeding in fruit capsules of the Brazil nut tree

A new species of Osteocephalus is described from lowland Amazonia of the Departamento Pando, northern Bolivia. The new species is most similar to Osteocephalus planiceps but differs by its smaller size (SVL 47.8–51.3 mm in males, 47.7–63.3 mm in females), absence of vocal slits, lack of sexual dimorphism in dorsal tubercles, single distal subarticular tubercle on the fourth finger, absence of dark spots on flanks, and by bicoloured iris with fine dark reticulate to radiate lines. The new species inhabits terra firme rainforest, breeds in water-filled fruit capsules of the Brazil nut tree and has oophagous tadpoles. Estimations of phylogenetic relationships within Osteocephalus based on mitochondrial DNA sequences show that the new species is closely related to O. planiceps and O. deridens.
Effect of housing system and sex ratio of quails on egg production, fertility and hatchability.

A B S T R A C T The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of housing system and sex ratio of quails on egg production, fertility and hatchability. A total number of 305 quails of five weeks old were divided into two groups, The first group (96 birds) was housed on battery cages and divided according to sex ratio into 2 equal subgroups of ratio (1: 2) male to females and 1: 3, the second one (209 birds) was housed on floor pens and divided according to sex ratio into 2 equal subgroups of ratio (1: 2) male to females and 1: 3. Eggs were collected daily for one month to estimate egg production percentage of each group. 200 eggs from each group were artificially incubated for detection the effect of housing on fertility, hatchability and embryonic mortality. The obtained results showed that the total egg production percentage was significantly higher (P<0.001) in case of battery cages (63.54±1.68%) than those in floor system (46.67±1.68%), it was higher but not significant at sex ratio 1:3 (57.01±1.68%) than those at 1:2 (53.21±1.68%). The fertility percentage was significantly higher (P<0.001) in case of floor pens (80.67±0.75%) than those in battery cages (73.67±0.75%) and significantly higher (P<0.01) at sex ratio 1:2 (79.17±0.75%) than those at 1:3 (75.17±0.75%). The hatchability percentage of total eggs set was higher but not significant in floor pens (52.00±1.89%) than those in battery cages (49.50±1.89%), it was higher but not significant at sex ratio 1:3 (52.00±1.89%) than those at 1:2 (49.50±1.89%). The hatchability percentage of fertile eggs set was significantly higher (P<0.001) in battery cages (70.40±0.90%) than those in floor pens (64.45±0.90%) and significantly higher (P<0.001) at sex ratio 1:3 (70.12±0.90%) than those at 1:2 (64.75±0.90%).
A technical note on the bias in the estimation of the b-value and its uncertainty through the Least Squares technique

We investigate conceptually, analytically, and numerically the biases in the estimation of the b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter law and of its uncertainty made through the least squares technique. The biases are introduced by the cumulation operation for the cumulative form of the Gutenberg-Richter law, by the logarithmic transformation, and by the measurement errors on the magnitude. We find that the least squares technique, applied to the cumulative and binned form of the Gutenberg-Richter law, produces strong bias in the b-value and its uncertainty, whose amplitudes depend on the size of the sample. Furthermore, the logarithmic transformation produces two different endemic bends in the Log(N) versus M curve. This means that this plot might produce fake significant departures from the Gutenberg-Richter law. The effect of the measurement errors is negligible compared to those of cumulation operation and logarithmic transformation. The results obtained show that the least squares technique should never be used to determine the slope of the Gutenberg-Richter law and its uncertainty.
The Relationship between Loan Default and Repayment Schedule in Microfinance Institutions in Ghana: A Case Study of Sinapi Aba Trust

The activities of Microfinance institutions have increased in its attempt to helping the poor, and one of such activities is microcredit. However, in their attempt to help alleviate poverty, one major challenge that Microfinance face is loan default. This study seeks to examine the relationship between loan default and repayment schedule in microfinance institutions in Ghana with specific case study of Sinapi Aba Trust. The study is an investigative type and only used primary data. Questionnaires were administered to some customers of the Tema and Lapaz branch of Sinapi Aba Trust and were analyzed by means of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Regression, graphs and tables. The results indicated that, there was no significant relationship between loan default and repayment schedule in Microfinance institutions. Rather, the study finds significant relationship between interest charged on loans, moral hazard and over-borrowing by customers. Moreover, inability of loan officers to visit borrowers regularly, loans not being backed by collateral were also found to have contributed significantly to loan default among customers. Keywords: Relationship, Loan Default, Repayment, Microfinance