Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crustal structure of the Tethyan Himalaya, southern Tibet: new constraints from old wide-angle seismic data

SUMMARY A wide-angle seismic profile between Peigu Tso (85.5°E) and Pumoyong Tso (90.5°E) in southern Tibet, acquired under a joint Sino-French program in 1981, passes through the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS, the eastern segment of the profile) and the central part of the Tethyan Himalaya (the western segment). We herein reinterpret this wide-angle seismic profile, which has a total length of ∼480 km, in order to improve our understanding of the crustal structure of the Tethyan Himalaya. We identify multiple P- and S-wave wide-angle reflections within the crystalline crust and from the Moho, but cannot identify any refracting waves beneath the Moho. We model the structure of P- and S-wave velocity throughout the whole crust, while acknowledging the significant uncertainties that are inherent in many places. A low-wave speed cover sequence may be identified with the Tethyan sedimentary cover (Vp < 5.8 km s−1), from the surface to a depth of (typically) 5–10 km, which is only absent where the profile crosses the Kangmar Dome. It may be presumed that these sedimentary rocks overlay a felsic upper-crustal basement (5.8 < Vp < 6.3 km s−1), which in places extends as far down as 35 km, and which itself overlays a 5–10-km-thick mid-crustal low-velocity zone. Between a depth of 30 and 45 km at the base of the low-velocity zone and the Moho at a depth of ∼73 km, the observed velocities gradually increase from 6.2 to 6.8 km s−1. The low-velocity layer (LVL) may consist of a partial melt due to the high geothermal gradients found in the felsic rocks, or of a fluid-rich shear zone as in the ductile channel of a channel flow model. The difference in depth of the LVL between the western (central Tethyan Himalaya) and eastern segments (nearly along the STDS) at the boundary of the Dingye-Mabjia fault, leads to a north–south dip estimate of the LVL of 8.5°, which is consistent with the estimated dip of the MHT obtained from the INDEPTH-I project, and can support the channel flow model. This north–south low dip angle of subduction slab, supports that the subducting Indian lithosphere endured a transition from steep subduction to low-angle subduction, and the subduction slab flattening may be attributed to the break-off of Indian lithosphere slab beneath the Indur-Zurpo suture.
Effect of altering the starter and finisher dietary phases on growth performance of broilers

The current study was conducted to determine the effect of altering a starter and finisher diets of a three-phase commercial feeding program on growth performance and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of broilers in a small-scale production system. A total of 2400 unsexed day-old chicks of commercial strain (Cobb 500) were housed in an open-sided house and randomly allocated to the following three treatments. Body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were recorded weekly starting from weeks 3 to 5. The BW, FI and the FCE were computed for each week. At week 5, the broilers on T2 were heavier (P<0.05) than T1 and T3 birds and T1 birds were heavier (P<0.05) than T3 birds. Treatment effects (P<0.05) were observed on FI and BW at some stage of growth, as well as on FCE at all the stages of growth. It was concluded that altering dietary starter phases promised optimum production in birds fed starter diets, 0 to 15 days with feed cost per kilogram being better compared to birds fed starter diets, 0 to 18 days and starter diets, 0 to 21days.
Exploration of the Role of Intellectual Property as a Moderator in the Correlation between Ownership Structure and Corporate Performance

This study is to verify the relationship between ownership structure and corporate performance, as well as the persistence of the relationship, by means of the relevant information of value creation provided by intellectual property. More than four thousand data of Taiwan listed companies during the period of 2002-2011 are analyzed in this research. Dynamic perspective is adopted to develop the persistence of the relationship between ownership structure and corporate performance. Regression results show that potentially non-linear relationship exists in the relationship between ownership and corporate performance. Evidence demonstrates that the impact of ownership on performance is a kind of corporate life cycle function, especially in the maturity stage as well as in the high-tech industry where it is particularly obvious. More importantly, the concept of intellectual property and the ownership mechanism of different industry attributes provide different information about value creation in different life cycle processes through dynamic design approach. For robustness, the measured variables of ownership are further lagged by a period to alleviate potential endogeneity issue. Overall, this study mainly contributes to extending the importance of corporate life cycle, and through this, more finely assessing the effect of ownership and the impact on corporate performance.
Assessment of unsteady-RANS approach against steady-RANS approach for predicting twin impinging jets in a cross-flow

Abstract A complex flow field is created when a vertical/short take-off and landing aircraft is operating near ground. One major concern for this kind of aircraft in ground effect is the possibility of ingestion of hot gases from the jet engine exhausts back into the engine, known as hot gas ingestion, which can increase the intake air temperature and also reduce the oxygen content in the intake air, potentially leading to compressor stall, low combustion efficiency and causing a dramatic loss of lift. This flow field can be represented by the configuration of twin impinging jets in a cross-flow. Accurate prediction of this complicated flow field under the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach (current practise in industry) is a great challenge as previous studies suggest that some important flow features cannot be captured by the Steady-RANS (SRANS) approach even with a second-order Reynolds stress model (RSM). This paper presents a numerical study of this flow using the Unsteady-RANS (URANS) approach with a RSM and the results clearly indicate that the URANS approach is superior than the SRANS approach but still the predictions of Reynolds stress are not accurate enough.
Geographical diversity pattern in Iranian landrace durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) accessions using start codon targeted polymorphism and conserved DNA-derived polymorphism markers

Genetic diversity and relationships among 38 Iranian durum wheat accessions were analysed using conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. A total of 10 CDDP and 10 SCoT primers were used to estimate genetic polymorphism among 38 durum wheat accessions. Comparatively, both CDDP and SCoT markers proved to be more effective and in terms of percentage of polymorphisms and polymorphic information content value were relatively similar. The average polymorphic information content value of CDDP was 0.39 which was relatively higher than those of SCoT where the respective values of polymorphic information content was 0.35. Using the neighbor joining clustering method, CDDP and SCoT markers were used to generate dendrograms, which revealed that the durum accessions were clustered into three and two major groups, respectively. According to the present results, CDDP markers proved more informative in studying genetic diversity among durum accessions. In both marker types, low correlation between genetic distances and geographical origin in examined durum landrace accessions was found. However, accessions from the same geographical regions mostly showed more genetic similarity than those with origins far apart. The results demostrated that CDDP and SCoT markers are useful for genetic diversity analysis of durum accessions. This information is useful for future germplasm collection and efficient utilization of landrace durum germplasm in plant breeding.
L2 English Generics: Japanese ChildReturnees' Incomplete Acquisition or Attrition?

Recent proposals in second language (L2) acquisition have referred to interface phenomena; specific linguistic properties that are particularly vulnerable in adult L2 acquisition (e.g., Gabriele, 2009; Lardiere, 2009; Slabakova, 2008; Sorace, 2005). The Interface Hypothesis, for example, posits a distinction between properties that are internal to the grammar (syntax, semantics, phonology) and properties that require the integration of grammatical knowledge with discourse constraints or world knowledge, domains considered external to the grammar (e.g., Belletti, Bennati, & Sorace, 2007; Sorace, 2005; Sorace & Filiaci, 2006; Tsimpli & Sorace, 2006). Sorace, Serratrice, Filiaci, and Baldo (2009) showed that bilingual children who were acquiring Spanish and Italian, two languages that are similar with respect to pronominal forms, had difficulty with properties related to the syntax-discourse interface despite the overlap between the languages. Other studies have focused on the semanticspragmatics interface (Slabakova, 2011), and the phonology-morphology interface (Goad & White, 2004, 2008). Slabakova (2011) investigated sensitivity to scalar implicatures in English by Korean L2 learners, who were instructed to complete a grammaticality judgment task. Expressions like some and all form an implicational scale (Horn, 1972), resulting in scalar implicatures, with the stronger term, all, implying the weaker term, some, but not vice versa. Although some could logically mean some and possibly all, it is not usually interpreted in that way. Rather, if the weaker term is used, the stronger one is assumed not to hold. For example, if a speaker utters a sentence like (1a), the hearer infers that (1b) was not intended; rather, (1c) is the intended meaning.
Psychiatric Morbidity among Caregivers of Schizophrenia Patients A Study in Tertiary Care Psychiatric Hospital in Dhaka

Background: Severe mental illness like schizophrenia has far-reaching consequence for both patients and caregivers and their relatives and they also experience feeling of loss and grief. They are confronted with uncertainty and emotion of shame, guilt and anger like the patients they feel stigmatized and socially isolated. Caring for a family member with schizophrenia is an enduring stressor and causes considerable amount of burden. Objective: To assess mental health status of the caregivers of schizophrenia patients. Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was done among the caregivers of schizophrenia patients in outpatient and inpatient department of National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2010 to February 2011. A semi-structured Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) were applied to the caregivers of schizophrenia patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among the respondents whose GHO-28 score were 4 or above Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Non Patient (SCID-I/NP) version was applied to identify psychiatric disorders among the caregivers of schizophrenia. Results: Out of 272 respondents most of them were female (88.97%), housewife (72.42%) of 21 to 50 yrs age (80.51%). In this study 22.43% of respondents were suffering from different types of mental disorders. Among them major depressive disorder were most prevalent (11.8%). Other psychiatric disorders were found generalized anxiety disorder (4.8%), pain disorder (2.9%). Less common were panic disorder, social phobia, adjustment disorder and undifferentiated somatoform disorder (0.7% in each type). Conclusions: Significant proportions of the caregiver of schizophrenic patients were suffering from psychiatric disorders that did not get any psychiatric treatment. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2015;2(1):12-17 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jcamr.v2i1. 22581
Arm Chair Perspective Preferences

Do generic observers in their free-style viewing of postcard-size pictures have a preference for specific modes of perspective rendering? This most likely depends upon the phrasing of the question. Here we consider the feeling of ‘presence’: does the observer experience a sense of being ‘immersed in the scene’? We had 40 Italian naive participants and 19 British art students rate three types of rendering of ten ‘typical holiday pictures’. All pictures represented 130° over the width of the picture. They were rendered in linear perspective, Hauck maps, and Postel maps. The results are clearcut. About a quarter of the participants prefer linear perspective, whereas the Hauck map is preferred by more than half of the participants. Naive observers and art students agree. Architectural scenes are somewhat more likely to be preferred in perspective. Preferences are not randomly distributed, but participants have remarkable idiosyncratic affinities, a small group for perspective projection, a larger group for the Hauck map. Such facts might find application in the viewing of photographs on handheld electronic display devices. Affiliations: 1: 1 University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Tiensestraat 102, Box 3711, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ; 2: 2Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands ; 3: 3Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Roma 151, 07100 Sassari, Italy ; 4: 4Cardiff School of Art and Design, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF24 0SP, UK
On the allocation of talented people in developing countries: the role of oil rents

Evidence has shown that the allocation of talented people affects the long-term growth. It has been found that a large population of engineers tends to foster innovation and growth more rapidly than population of lawyers and other activities with access to the public rent. Yet little is known about what determines the allocation of talents. This paper uses a sample of 69 developing countries to address this question. It shows that the oil rent tends to orient talents towards productive activities in well-governed countries, and towards rentseeking activities in poorly governed countries. These results are robust to different specifications, datasets on governance quality and estimation methods. The paper sheds light on the sources and mechanisms of the resource curse through its effect on human resources and rent-seeking activities.
ECTOAMINOPEPTIDASE SPECIFICITY AND REGULATION IN ANTARCTIC MARINE PELAGIC MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES

Ectoaminopeptidase activities of pelagic marine microbial communities were investigated on several research cruises in the western Antarctic Peninsula region from 1992 to 1994, using the fluorigenic substrate analogue L-leucyl-P-naphthylamine. K,,, values at in situ temperature were comparable to those observed by other investigators for a variety of aquatic environments. Competitive inhibition by dipeptides of a variety of amino acids showed that the aminopeptidases present were broadly specific; no strong tendency toward greater affinity for hydrophobic or hydrophilic amino acids was observed. Seawater cultures (1.0 pm filtrate) were inoculated with a variety of monomeric organic compounds and incubated for 24 to 72 h prior to activity determination; histidine and phenylalanine were found to consistently inhibit aminopeptidase expression. It is hypothesized that auxotrophy for hstidine and phenylalanine may be widespread in these assemblages, giving rise to high levels of constitutive, nonspecific aminopeptidase activity which results in significant respiration of the more common amino acids. Whatever the exact mechanism, aminopeptidase activity is strongly affected by the specific compounds present and not simply by the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio.
Cognitive Engagement in Cooperative Learning: A Model

The research on cooperative scripts is brought together using a model that provides an overview of the learning processes involved and the outcomes to be expected from the use of certain scripts. By providing such a framework, the wealth of research may be compared and generalized, thereby promoting its instructional utility. The Cognitive Engagement in Cooperative Learning model is explained, and then common cooperative learning strategies and scripts are reviewed in relation to the model. The model illustrates how enhanced learning is the result of the type and amount of cognitive engagement involved in a particular cooperative learning script. Evidence used to build the model suggests that scripts that promote basic organizational strategies or simple elaboration techniques will not be as effective for learning as higher-level elaborative and reconstructive scripts. The practical use of the model is to give instructors a broad idea of the types of learning outcomes to expect given certain scripts. Finally, the limitations of the model are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research. (Contains 1 figure and 57 references.) (SLD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Causality Between Public Expenditure and GDP Growth In Palestine: An Econometric Analysis Of Wagner’s Law

This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between public expenditure and the GDP growth in the Palestinian territories over the period of 1994-2013. For this purpose trends in both public expenditure and GDP growth in Palestine are discussed, the paper also explored the relevant literature regarding Wagner’s Law and the recent related empirical studies in various countries of the world. The study has adopted recent advances of econometric techniques. For this purpose, stationarity properties of the data and the order of integration of the data are empirically investigated by the Augmented-Dickey Fuller (ADF) test in the first place. Hypothesis of a long-run relationship between public expenditure and GDP growth has been tested by Engle-Granger co-integration test. Depending on the co-integration results of the six versions of Wagner’s Law, the findings reveal that there is a co-integration between public expenditure and GDP growth. Such results indicate that there is a long-run relationship between public expenditure and GDP growth for the Palestinian case. On the basis of the Granger causality tests, we also found that both public expenditure and GDP have a cause effect on each other, the findings also suggest that both public expenditure and GDP are growing substantially and hence validate Wagner’s Law in the case of Palestine. Kew Words : Public Expenditure, GDP Growth, Wagner’s Law
Sub-clinical hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia in infertile women: Bangladesh perspective after universal salt iodination

Background: Hypothyroidism is an accepted cause of infertility and habitual abortion. We therefore evaluated the status of thyroid function and related hormones in infertile women in Bangladesh. Methods: Serum thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin was measured in 113 infertile women during their first visit for infertility evaluation. Results: Prevalence of sub-clinical hypothyroidism was 6.5% and 15%, and prevalence of hyperprolactinemia was 43% and 21% in primary and secondary infertility respectively. Mean TSH level was higher in secondary infertility (3.6 +/- 3.7mIU/L) than primary infertility (2.3 +/2.7mIU/L), though the difference was not statistically significant (P < 0.11). Mean prolactin level in primary infertility (495 +/-340nmol/L) was higher than secondary infertility (340 +/- 310nmol/L), showing a significant statistical difference (p<.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia was higher in primary infertility and prevalence of sub-clinical hypothyroidism was higher in secondary infertility, showing no correlation between TSH and prolactin levels in these two groups.
Determining Organisational Readiness for the Future-Fit for Business Benchmark

Our conception of the economy is a significant barrier to fulfilling a transition to sustainability. This economic paradigm centres on growth, but continuous growth on a finite planet is not viable, and Business as Usual organisations promulgating this approach increasingly recognise a need to transition to sustainability. A lack of clarity is apparent in how sustainability is being implemented in organisations. The Future-Fit for Business Benchmark has been designed to support a strategic sustainability process in business. But the value of the tool can only be harnessed if a company has a distinctive structure in place, therefore, how can it be determined whether an organisation is ready to use the tool? A case study on an aviation company formed the basis of our research. An exploratory approach was adopted, and a survey and interviews were administered. We found an analysis of a company’s rationale, namely why they have adopted a sustainable approach was crucial in an assessment. The rationale trickles down into the strategy being driven, and the actions and tools that feed off this strategy. A proposed Readiness Factor allowed us to compare this assessment against criteria, which stress the importance of recognising the sustainability challenge as the rationale driving sustainability. Recognition of the sustainability challenge as the raison d’être is indicative of whether a company is ready to use the tool in an optimum manner.
Rules of Origin: A World Map and Trade Effects

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to break new ground in dissecting and capturing the effects of preferential trading agreements (PTAs). We focus on rules of origin (RoO), a crucial yet poorly understood market access discipline included in virtually every PTA. In particular, we strive to (1) present a comparative analysis of the main RoO regimes; (2) measure the degree of restrictiveness and selectivity of product-specific RoO employed in the various RoO regimes; (3) put forth a facilitation index to capture the extent of flexibility instilled in RoO regimes by various regime-wide RoO; and (4) employ a modified gravity model to assess the effects of RoO on aggregate trade flows as well as trade on intermediate goods in five sectors—chemicals, machinery, textile, television and radio transmitters, and vehicles. Data The sample covers 155 countries and some hundred PTAs around the world, and spans 21 years (1981-2001) in the analysis of aggregate trade flows, and 14 years (1988-2001) in the analysis of sectoral flows. Findings This paper yields four main findings. First, regimes with restrictive RoO and with high degrees of sectoral selectivity in RoO discourage aggregate trade flows. Second, regime-wide RoO that allow for flexibility in the application of product-specific RoO facilitate trade flows. Third, at the sectoral level, both restrictive RoO and selectivity in RoO in final goods encourage trade in intermediate goods. Fourth, exporters and producers learn over time to comply with stringent product-specific RoO, and to take greater advantage of permissive regime-wide provisions: “RoO learning” gradually reduces “RoO interference”.
PROPERTIES OF ANALYSTSFORECASTS FOR ROMANIAN LISTED COMPANIES: HOW MUCH DO FIRM -SPECIFIC FACTORS MATTER?

This paper seeks to explore the properties of analystsforecast accuracy for companies listed on Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE). Based on a sample of 266 firm -month observations (predictions made in 2008 for 2009 and 2010), the paper invest igates several firm - specific factors documented by the literature to have a significant impact on forecast accuracy, and shows that for Romanian listed companies, forecast errors for earnings per share reported under local GAAP are negatively correlated wi th the size of the firm and the corporate governance policies . The results are convergent with those documented in international contexts, showing that larger firms as well as those which are better governed are more likely to provide additional disclosure s, and thus increase forecast accuracy. Properties of analystsforecast, corporate governance, information environment