Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Do They Manage? An Investigation of Early Childhood Leadership

Early childhood (EC) leadership literature indicates few theoretically based studies identifying and testing different models and characteristics of leadership. Objectives were thus to identify, describe and analyse what leadership meant to key EC participants; to consider roles, responsibilities and characteristics; to investigate core components; to capture practice and judge how it was understood and enacted. A case-study approach used 12 sites and multiple data-gathering methods: questionnaires; interviews; and in-depth ‘day in the life’ video vignettes. Participants described their organizations as hierarchical in structure and traditional in strategic decision-making, yet collaborative in culture and operational functioning. Variation in leadership, management and administration patterns across settings indicated multiple leadership roles in diverse EC settings. Principal components analysis revealed that those with postgraduate qualifications favoured ‘leaders as guides’; those with professional heritages other than teaching leaned towards ‘leaders as strategists’; those with NVQ qualifications tended towards ‘leaders as motivators’; those with postgraduate qualifications also valued ‘leaders as business oriented’. New models of leadership are thus worthy of consideration. Leaders acknowledged difficulty in standing back and reflecting, recognizing an essential aspect of leadership was ongoing thinking and decision-making, inaccessible unless they ‘talked-aloud’ whilst engaging in professional practice. This suggests a need to increase self-understanding and alternative routes to problem-solving.
Customer Satisfaction as a Mediator Variable between Service Quality and Customer Loyalty for a Bank in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality toward satisfaction and customer loyalty for PT. BNI (Persero) Tbk, Aceh Province. The article also analyses customer satisfaction as a mediator variable between service quality and customer loyalty. The sampling technique in the study was based on cluster and convenience sampling with corresponding criteria; each respondent has a bank account and saving for at least one year. The primary data were collected from respondents using the structured questionnaires. A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed in five branch offices of PT. BNI (Persero) Tbk operating in Aceh Province, namely the branchs of Lhokseumawe, Bireuen, Langsa, Sigli and Meulaboh. The results showed that service quality has a significant and positive effect toward satisfaction and customer loyalty for PT. BNI (Persero) Tbk Aceh Province. Meanwhile, the variable of customer satisfaction can mediate the effect of service quality toward customer loyalty. However, the study found that service quality is the important element in increasing satisfaction and customer loyalty in national banking.
Surfactant control of gas transfer velocity along an offshore coastal transect: results from a laboratory gas exchange tank

Abstract. Understanding the physical and biogeochemical controls of air–sea gas exchange is necessary for establishing biogeochemical models for predicting regional- and global-scale trace gas fluxes and feedbacks. To this end we report the results of experiments designed to constrain the effect of surfactants in the sea surface microlayer (SML) on the gas transfer velocity (kw; cm h−1), seasonally (2012–2013) along a 20 km coastal transect (North East UK). We measured total surfactant activity (SA), chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) in the SML and in sub-surface water (SSW) and we evaluated corresponding kw values using a custom-designed air–sea gas exchange tank. Temporal SA variability exceeded its spatial variability. Overall, SA varied 5-fold between all samples (0.08 to 0.38 mg L−1 T-X-100), being highest in the SML during summer. SML SA enrichment factors (EFs) relative to SSW were ∼ 1.0 to 1.9, except for two values (0.75; 0.89: February 2013). The range in corresponding k660 (kw for CO2 in seawater at 20 °C) was 6.8 to 22.0 cm h−1. The film factor R660 (the ratio of k660 for seawater to k660 for “clean”, i.e. surfactant-free, laboratory water) was strongly correlated with SML SA (r ≥ 0.70, p ≤ 0.002, each n = 16). High SML SA typically corresponded to k660 suppressions ∼ 14 to 51 % relative to clean laboratory water, highlighting strong spatiotemporal gradients in gas exchange due to varying surfactant in these coastal waters. Such variability should be taken account of when evaluating marine trace gas sources and sinks. Total CDOM absorbance (250 to 450 nm), the CDOM spectral slope ratio (SR = S275 − 295∕S350 − 400), the 250 : 365 nm CDOM absorption ratio (E2 : E3), and Chl a all indicated spatial and temporal signals in the quantity and composition of organic matter in the SML and SSW. This prompts us to hypothesise that spatiotemporal variation in R660 and its relationship with SA is a consequence of compositional differences in the surfactant fraction of the SML DOM pool that warrants further investigation.
Labour Demand Adjustment: Does Foreign Ownership Matter?

This paper examines whether multinational companies differ in their employment adjustment from domestic firms, on the basis of a panel of Belgian firms for the period 1997-2007. We focus on incumbent firms as, in general, they account for the largest fraction of net employment creation, especially among multinational firms (MNFs). We obtain structural estimates of adjustment cost parameters for blue-collar workers and white-collar workers, domestic firms, and MNFs. We find evidence of convex, asymmetric (in the sense that it is more expensive to downsize than to upsize) and cross adjustment costs (indicating costly substitution between workers). To adjust white-collar employment seems to be around half as costly for MNFs as for domestic firms. There is no difference between Belgian MNFs and foreign MNFs. A small fraction of the gap between the adjustment costs of MNFs and domestic firms may be explained by the use of fixed-term contracts and early retirement. Controlling for firm size does not yield robust conclusions; the cost advantage of MNFs may diminish, vanish or turn into a disadvantage.
Increasing wall thickness is more effective than increasing diameter for improving breaking resistance of rice internode

Increasing internode breaking resistance is one of the primary targets for improving stem lodging resistance of rice in a breeding program. In this paper, we evaluated the relationships among breaking resistance, dry matter per unit length and related morphological traits (diameter and wall thickness) of rice internode by using the data extracted from published articles. Scatter plot and linear regression analyses showed that internode breaking resistance could slowly (210 g cm), moderately (551 g cm) or rapidly increase (1,254 g cm) with increasing dry matter per unit length of internode (10 mg cm–1). The rapid increase of internode breaking resistance with increasing dry matter per unit length of internode was accompanied by relatively rapid increase in internode wall thickness but relatively slow increase in internode diameter. These suggest that a greater improvement in breaking resistance of rice internode can be achieved by increasing dry matter per unit length of internode combined with increasing investment of the dry matter into enhancing internode wall thickness. Journal of Plant Biology and Crop Research
The Interstellar Dust Properties of Nearby Galaxies

This article gives an overview of the constitution, physical conditions, and observables of dust in the interstellar medium of nearby galaxies. We first review the macroscopic, spatial distribution of dust in these objects and its consequences for our ability to study grain physics. We also discuss the possibility of using dust tracers as diagnostic tools. We then survey the current understanding of the microscopic, intrinsic properties of dust in different environments, derived from different observables: emission, extinction, polarization, and depletions, over the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Finally, we summarize the clues about grain evolution, evidenced either on local scales or over cosmic time. We put in perspective the different evolution scenarios. We attempt a comprehensive presentation of the main observational constraints, analysis methods, and modeling frameworks of the distinct processes. We discuss neither the dust properties of the Milky Way and distant galaxies, nor circumstellar or active galactic nucleus torus dust.
Title Video event detection : from subvolume localization tospatio-temporal path search

Although sliding window-based approaches have been quite successful in detecting objects in images, it is not a trivial problem to extend them to detecting events in videos. We propose to search for spatio-temporal paths for video event detection. This new formulation can accurately detect and locate video events in cluttered and crowded scenes, and is robust to camera motions. It can also well handle the scale, shape, and intra-class variations of the event. Compared to event detection using spatio-temporal sliding windows, the spatio-temporal paths correspond to the event trajectories in the video space, thus can better handle events composed by moving objects. We prove that the proposed search algorithm can achieve the global optimal solution with the lowest complexity. Experiments are conducted on realistic video datasets with different event detection tasks, such as anomaly event detection, walking person detection, and running detection. Our proposed method is compatible to different types of video features or object detectors and robust to false and missed local detections. It significantly improves the overall detection and localization accuracy over the state-of-the-art methods. Index Terms —Event Detection, Action Detection, Multiple Event Detection, Max-Path Search, Dynamic Programming.
RENAL MORPHOMETRY OF FETUSES RATS TREATED WITH CADMIUM

El cadmio es un metal pesado que se encuentra en la tierra, aire y alimentos. Esta presente en forma coditiana todos los dias de la vida y actualmente es catalogado como un toxico, teratogenico y agente carcinogenico. El cadamio causa numerosas lesiones a los organos humanos y animales. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar los efectos toxicos en fetos de ratas expuestas a tratamiento con cloruro de cadmio. 10 ratas prenadas fueron divididas en dos grupos. Cinco ratas recibieron por administracion intraperitoneal 5 mg/Kg de cloruro de cadmio por peso corporal, durante 10 dias de prenez y otras cinco ratas recibieron bajo las mismas condiciones del otro grupo, una solucion de cloruro de sodio al 0.85% . Los fetos fueron extraidos junto con las placentas y funiculos umbilicales a los 20 dias de prenez. La administracion del cloruro de cadmio causo una reduccion significativa en los pesos de los fetos y placentas. La longitud del funiculo umbilical fue mas corta en el grupo experimental que en el grupo control. El estudio evaluo las alteraciones morfologicas causadas en los tubulos proximal, distal, contorneados y colectores renales como tambien en las celulas del glomerulo renal. La morfometria evidencio alteraciones significativas en los tubulos proximales y en las celulas glomerulares y, en menor grado, en los tubulos distales. El borde en cepillo de la membrana celular se observo muy sensible y se visualizaron algunas alteraciones. Los glomerulos se presentaron con edema y la capsula del glomerulo fue tambien afectada
Income Inequality, Urban Size and Economic Growth in OECD Regions

The purpose of this paper is to understand how income inequality is associated with economic growth in OECD regions and whether the degree and type of urban concentration affects this relationship. Both income inequality and urban concentration can be seen as patterns of resource allocation that are particularly interlinked at the regional level. We combine household survey data and macroeconomic databases, covering a period ranging from 2004 to 2012 for comparable regions in 15 OECD countries. Econometric results show that, at least for the short period under consideration, there is a general negative association between inequalities and economic growth, especially since the start of the economic crisis. This relationship is sensitive to the type of urban structure. Higher inequalities seem to be more detrimental for growth in large cities, while regions characterised by small cities and rural areas are less affected.
On the Stabilization of a Flexible Beam with a Tip Mass

We study the stability of a flexible beam that is clamped at one end and free at the other; a mass is also attached to the free end of the beam. To stabilize this system we apply a boundary control force at the free end of the beam. We prove that the closed-loop system is well-posed and is exponentially stable. We then analyze the spectrum of the system for a special case and prove that the spectrum determines the exponential decay rate for the considered case.
Development of a snowfall retrieval algorithm at high microwave frequencies

[1] A snowfall retrieval algorithm based on Bayes' theorem is developed using high-frequency microwave satellite data. In this algorithm, observational data from both airborne and surface-based radars are used to construct an a priori database of snowfall profiles. These profiles are then used as input to a forward radiative transfer model to obtain brightness temperatures at high microwave frequencies. In the radiative transfer calculations, two size distributions for snowflakes and ten observed atmospheric sounding profiles are used with snowfall profiles from observations. In addition, the scattering properties of the snowflakes are calculated on the basis of realistic nonspherical shapes using discrete dipole approximation. The algorithm is first verified by airborne microwave and radar observations and then applied to the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) satellite data. The retrieved snowfall rates using AMSU-B data from three snowfall cases in the vicinity of Japan show reasonable agreement with surface radar observations with correlation coefficients of about 0.8, 0.6, and 0.96 for the three cases, respectively. The comparison results also suggest the algorithm performs better for dry and heavy snow cases, but is less accurate for wet and weak snow cases.
The origin of cold gas in giant elliptical galaxies and its role in fuelling radio-mode AGN feedback

The nature and origin of the cold interstellar medium (ISM) in early-type galaxies are still a matter of debate, and understanding the role of this component in galaxy evolution and in fuelling the central supermassive black holes requires more observational constraints. Here, we present a multiwavelength study of the ISM in eight nearby, X-ray and optically bright, giant elliptical galaxies, all central dominant members of relatively low-mass groups. Using far-infrared spectral imaging with the Herschel Photodetector Array Camera & Spectrometer, we map the emission of cold gas in the cooling lines of [C II]λ157 μm, [O I] λ63 μm and [O Ib] λ145 μm. Additionally, we present Hα+[N II] imaging of warm ionized gas with the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, and a study of the thermodynamic structure of the hot X-ray emitting plasma with Chandra. All systems with extended Hα emission in our sample (6/8 galaxies) display significant [C II] line emission indicating the presence of reservoirs of cold gas. This emission is cospatial with the optical Hα+[N II] emitting nebulae and the lowest entropy soft X-ray emitting plasma. The entropy profiles of the hot galactic atmospheres show a clear dichotomy, with the systems displaying extended emission-line nebulae having lower entropies beyond r ≳ 1 kpc than the cold-gas-poor systems. We show that while the hot atmospheres of the cold-gas-poor galaxies are thermally stable outside of their innermost cores, the atmospheres of the cold-gas-rich systems are prone to cooling instabilities. This provides considerable weight to the argument that cold gas in giant ellipticals is produced chiefly by cooling from the hot phase. We show that cooling instabilities may develop more easily in rotating systems and discuss an alternative condition for thermal instability for this case. The hot atmospheres of cold-gas-rich galaxies display disturbed morphologies indicating that the accretion of clumpy multiphase gas in these systems may result in variable power output of the AGN jets, potentially triggering sporadic, larger outbursts. In the two cold-gas-poor, X-ray morphologically relaxed galaxies of our sample, NGC 1399 and NGC 4472, powerful AGN outbursts may have destroyed or removed most of the cold gas from the cores, allowing the jets to propagate and deposit most of their energy further out, increasing the entropy of the hot galactic atmospheres and leaving their cores relatively undisturbed.
Influence of Nanoparticles Phenomena on the Peristaltic Flow of Pseudoplastic Fluid in an Inclined Asymmetric Channel with Different Wave Forms

The influence of nanofluid with different wave forms in the presence of inclined asymmetric channel on peristaltic transport of a pseudoplastic fluid is examined. The governing equations for two dimensional and two directional flows of a pseudoplastic fluid along with nanofluid are modeled and then simplified under the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation. The exact solutions for temperature and nano particle volume fraction are calculated. Series solution of the stream function and pressure gradient are carried out using perturbation technique. The flow quantities have been examined for various physical parameters of interest. It was found that the magnitude value of the velocity profile decreases with an increase in Q and Z and increases in sinusoidal, multisinsoidal, trapezoidal and triangular waves. It was also observed that the size of the trapping bolus decreases with the decrease in the width of the channel d and increases with an increase inx.
Broad‐scale geographical patterns in local stream insect genera richness

Comprehensive global studies of stream invertebrate assemblages are rare and have produced contradictory results. To address this shortcoming, we compiled data from 495 published estimates of local genera richness for three orders of stream-dwelling insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) from throughout the world and used these data to describe global geographic patterns in stream insect genera richness and to address two questions: 1) does local stream insect richness vary more with regional historical factors or with local ecological factors? , and 2) to what extent have streams conversely in the number of taxa they support? Maximum genera richness varied sharply across the range of latitude examined from the south to north poles for all three orders of aquatic insects. Ephemeroptera richness showed 3 peaks ( ∼ 30°S, 10°N, and 40°N) with highest richness near 5-10°N and 40°N latitude. Plecoptera richness was distinctly highest at ∼40°N latitude with a similar peak at 40°S latitude. Trichoptera richness showed less latitudinal variation than the other taxa but was slightly higher near the equator and at 40°N and S latitude than at other latitudes. Genera richness generally declined with increasing elevation, except for Plecoptera. Maximum genera richness increased steadily with a measure of regional terrestrial net primary production and declined sharply with a measure of hydrologic disturbance for all orders. Richness varied widely among both biogeographical realms and biomes, although ca 2 times as much variation in richness was associated with biome as biogeographic realm Richness for each order was highest in different biogeographic realms. but all orders had highest richness in broadleaf forest biomes. These latter results imply that spatial variation in local richness of stream insects is more strongly affected by contemporary ecological factors than by historical biogeography and that maintenance of intact forested landscapes may be critical to the conservation of stream invertebrate faunas.
Colloquium on the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to Francois Englert and Peter Higgs

In 2013 the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Francois Englert and Peter Higgs for their development in 1964 of the mass generation mechanism (the Higgs mechanism) in local gauge theories. This mechanism requires the existence of a massive scalar particle, the Higgs boson, and in 2012 the Higgs boson was finally observed at the Large Hadron Collider after an almost half a century search. In this talk we review the work of these Nobel recipients and discuss its implications.
Title Designing an Educational Game ( Heroes of Math Island ) : An Exploratory Study of Emotion and Learning

In response to the need for more empirical research with respect to emotion and learning, this study provided an empirical investigation of the students’ interaction with an educational game, Heroes of Math Island, specifically designed for this study. The purpose of this study was to explore learners’ emotional states triggered during gameplay with the goal of providing critical information needed for the design of advanced learning technologies (ALTs) and intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs). The study used the design-based research (DBR) paradigm by combining exploration with design, and mixed methodologies including: pretest, intervention (gameplay), posttest, post-questionnaire, and interview. Fifteen students (seven boys and eight girls) from grades six and seven participated in this study. Findings report on heuristics of educational technology design, emotion, and learning.
Nutrients Use Efficiency and Uptake Characteristics of Panicum virgatum for Fodder Production

Panicum virgatum could produce cattle feed with lower costs due to the low input requirements and its perennial nature. Dry biomass yield vs. N-P-K nutrient uptake relations as well as the N-mineralization and the N-fertilization recovery fraction for Panicum virgatum (cv. Alamo) were determined under field conditions for four N-fertilization (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha -1 ) and two irrigation levels (0 and 250 mm), οn two soils in central Greece with rather different moisture status. It was found that the dry fodder yield on the aquic soil may reach 14 t ha -1 using supplemental irrigation; while on the xeric soil a lower yield of 9-10 t ha -1 may be produced only under supplemental irrigation. Moreover, the average N, P and K concentration was 1.3%, 0.14% and 1.3% in leaves, and 0.5%, 0.85%, and 1.5% in stems, respectively, showing the very low crop requirements. Furthermore, linear biomass yield-nutrient uptake relationships were found with high R 2 , pointing to nutrient use efficiency of 132 and 75 kg kg -1 , for N and K respectively. The base N-uptake ranged from 71-74 kg ha -1 on the aquic to 60 kg ha -1 or less on the xeric soil. Finally, it was found that N-recovery fraction was 20% on the aquic soil and lower on the xeric. Therefore, it could be conclude that Panicum virgatum seems to be a very promising crop for fodder production and its introduction in land use systems (especially οn aquic soils of similar environments) should be taken into consideration.