Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
All Fiber Actively Mode-Locked Ytterbium-Doped Laser With Large Range Temporal Tunability

An all-fiber ytterbium-doped laser widely tunable in duration and repetition rate is reported, which is actively mode locked based on a high speed in-cavity intensity modulator. The laser can generate a stable pulse train with a duration adjustable from 31 to 910 ps, and a repetition rate ranging from 13.12 MHz to 6.2 GHz (from the basic to the 475th-order harmonic) without changing the cavity construction. The cavity supermode suppression ratio is as good as 45 dB, and the signal-to-noise ratio is better than 48 dB at the 475th-harmonic mode locking. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest order (475th) harmonic mode locking achieved in an all-normal-dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber laser, with the widest tuning range of repetition rate and pulsewidth.
Cardio protective Effect of Boerhaavia diffusa against Doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in Albino Rats

Doxorubicin is Anrthacycline derivative and most active cytotoxic agent in current use. It is been using to treat various malignancies but the clinical usefulness has been limited due to its specific cardiac toxicity. The main objective is to study the preventive role of ethanolic extract of whole plant of Boerhaavia diffusa (EEBD) against doxorubicin (Dox) induced myocardial toxicity in rats. Cumulative administration of Dox (2.5 mg/kg for two weeks) was injected to produce cardio toxicity. EEBD (100 and 200 mg/kg, po) was administered as pretreatment for two weeks followed by Dox on alternative days for two weeks. The general observations, mortality, histopathology, biomarker enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine kinase (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation were monitored after three weeks of last dose of Dox. Histopathalogic studies of heart were also carried out to evaluate myocardial toxicity. In results the repeated administration of Dox produces cardiomyopathy, which was characterized by increased level of cardiac biomarkers and deficit antioxidant enzymes. Pretreatment with the EEBD (200mg/kg) significantly protected myocardium from the toxic effects of Dox by reducing the elevated level of biomarker enzymes like LDH, CK-MB and absence of cTnI and biochemical parameters such as AST, ALT and ALP reduced to normal. EEBD increased the reduced level of GSH, SOD and CAT while decreased the elevated level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cardiac tissue. In conclusion the biochemical and histopathological data evidently substantiate the cardio protective effect of EEBD, which could be attributed to its antioxidant property.
[Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and bcl-2 in ameloblastoma].

OBJECTIVE To study the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and bcl-2 in ameloblastoma (AB), METHODS: hTERT mRNA in 54 cases of AB (primary AB 31 cases, recurrent AB 17 cases, malignant AB 4 cases) and 7 cases of oral normal mucosa was detected by in situ hybridization, and bcl-2 by S-P method. RESULTS The expression of hTERT mRNA was negative or weak in normal oral mucosa (14.3%), moderate or strong in AB (94.4%). There was a significant difference in these two groups (P < 0.001). The difference between the expressions of hTERT in primary, recurrent and malignant AB was significant (P < 0.05). The positive ratio of bcl-2 in AB and normal oral mucosa was respectively 88.0%, 44.4%. There was a significant statistical difference in these two groups (P < 0.001). hTERT mRNA was stronger in recurred or malignantly transformed AB (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of hTERT and bcl-2 is stronger in recurred or malignantly transformed AB, and it could be used as an indicator of AB prognosis. Telomerase activity and bcl-2 expression play an important role in genesis and development of AB.
Comparison of early and long-term impact of percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty alone or with brachytherapy on renal function in patients with reno-vascular hypertension.

BACKGROUND Renal ischaemia resulting from stenosis of the renal artery may result in two important sequelae: systemic arterial hypertension, and renal atrophy and nephron loss, resulting in an increased risk of progression to end-stage renal disease. Renal artery stenosis (RAS) may lead to both renovascular hypertension and ischaemic nephropathy - a potentially curable cause of renal failure. AIM To assess the efficacy of g-intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT) in prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty (PTRA) and the effects of this method of revascularisation on renal function. METHODS 71 patients aged 52+/-8 years with refractory renovascular hypertension were randomised to group I (PTRA + ILBT) or group II (PTRA). Both baseline and 9-month follow-up angiography, intra-vascular ultrasound and non-invasive examination were performed to assess the efficacy of PTRA on renal function. RESULTS The overall PTRA success rate was 87%: 33 patients from group I and 29 from group II underwent a successful procedure. A decrease of serum creatinine level was observed regardless of the treatment modality, directly after angioplasty: 20 micromol/l (17.5%) in group I and 26 micromol/l (22%) in group II (NS). Also in long-term follow-up this effect was sustained: 18 micromol/l (15.8%) in group I and 10 micromol/l (8.5%) in group II (NS). In the follow-up period a non-significant increase of serum creatinine level was observed in group I (from 94+/-19 to 96+/-25 micromol/l, NS). In group II the increase of serum creatinine level was significantly higher (from 92+/-39 micromol/l to 108+/-60 micromol/l, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS PTRA improves renal function in patients with ischaemic nephropathy. In long-term observation the positive effect of PTRA on renal function is especially visible in patients with ILBT after PTRA.
Null objects in the spontaneous speech of monolingual and bilingual speakers of European Portuguese

Abstract This paper investigates object omissions in the spontaneous production of European Portuguese by second-generation Portuguese-German bilingual speakers and compares them to first-generation migrants, and two age-matched groups of monolingual speakers. The results show that bilingual speakers as well as the younger generation of monolinguals show a higher number of null objects in their speech than the two older generations. This may reflect an inter-generational development that favours null objects, which is independent of language contact. The analysis of the syntactic and semantic conditions determining the occurrence of null objects in the speech of the different groups reveals that the semantic properties of the null objects realized by the bilinguals, particularly the higher rates of animate and non-propositional null objects, show that they extend the semantic-pragmatic conditions of null object realization along a referential hierarchy. The bilingual speakers may reflect a language-internal pathway that appears to resemble a diachronic change observed in BP.
Göreve Yeni Başlayan Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Karşılaştıkları Sorunlar Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma / A Qualitative Study on the Difficulties Experienced by Novice Classroom Teachers

Bu arastirmanin temel amaci, goreve yeni baslayan sinif ogretmenlerinin karsilastiklari sorunlari incelemek ve bu sorunlarin giderilmesine yonelik cozum onerilerini sunmaktir. Bu calisma, nitel arastirma yontemi benimsenerek durum calismasi deseni cercevesinde yurutulmustur. Ayrica, amacli ornekleme yontemlerinden birisi olan kolay ulasilabilir durum orneklemesi kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin katilimcilarini Afyonkarahisar merkeze bagli resmi ilkokullarda gorev yapmakta olan 15 sinif ogretmeni olusturmaktadir. Verilerin toplanmasinda arastirmacilar tarafindan hazirlanan alti acik uclu sorudan olusan yari yapilandirilmis gorusme formu kullanilmistir. Calismanin verilerinin analizinde icerik analizi teknigi kullanilmistir. Sinif ogretmenleri resmi yazismalar ve idari islerde yasadiklari sorunlara bilgi yetersizliginin ve tecrubesizlige yonelik zor sartlarda ogretmenlik yapmalarinin sebep oldugunu belirtmislerdir. Ogretmenlerin ilk gorev yillarinda sinif disiplinini saglamada ve demokratik bir ortam olusturmada cok zorlandiklari gorulmustur. Sinif ogretmenlerinin ogrencilerinin kisisel problemlerini anlamada yasadiklari sorunlarin sebepleri ogrenciyi tanimama, ogrencinin sergiledigi davranislarin altinda yatan ailevi sorunlarinin bilinmemesi ve ogrencinin yasadigi saglik sorunlarinin farkinda olunmamasi olarak belirlenmistir. Sinif ogretmenlerinin velilerin ogrenciler uzerindeki ilgi ve tutumlarinin yarattigi sorunlarin sebepleri velilerin asiri koruyucu tavir sergilemesi veya asiri ilgisiz davranmasi olarak belirlenmistir. Sinif ogretmenlerinin olcme ve degerlendirme konusunda yasadiklari sorunlar ogrenci seviyesine uygun soru hazirlayamama, tek bir olcme yontemine dayanarak degerlendirme yapip degerlendirmenin objektifligini kaybetme olarak gozlenmistir.
Network Vascular Communication Initiated by Increases in Tissue Adenosine

Vascular communication of vasomotor signals appears to coordinate the distribution of tissue blood flow. This study was performed to determine whether elevated tissue concentrations of adenosine or nitric oxide could induce vascular communicating signals. To test this, remote arteriolar responses were tested when drugs were applied either directly to an arteriole (∼20 μm diameter), or into the tissue in a region (with no vessels over 10 μm in diameter) that was 500 μm away from the arteriole and that bore no defined relationship to the flow path of the remote arteriole. In anesthetized hamster cheek pouch (n = 25), or cremaster muscle (n = 10), remote arteriolar responses were measured in response to nitric oxide (NO) donors (10–5 to 10–3 M), adenosine (10–5 to 10–3 M), or papaverine (10–5 to 10–2 M) applied for 40–120 s. Papaverine caused no remote response when applied directly while adenosine and NO donors caused similar, late-onset (10–20 s), dose-dependent, remote responses in both preparations. Remarkably however, only adenosine initiated a consistent remote arteriolar dilation when applied to the tissue site. Thus, increases in tissue adenosine may be critical for vascular communication of metabolic demands without regard to the specific blood flow path.
Acquired Aprosodia in Children

In adults, the affective components of language, including certain aspects of prosody and gesturing, appear to be a dominant function of the right hemisphere. The various combinations of affective processing deficits associated with focal right brain damage are called aprosodias and have functional and anatomical correlates similar to the propositional language deficits associated with aphasias secondary to focal left brain damage. Developmental affective-prosodic deficits have been reported recently in children with congenital or very early right hemisphere injury. We now report two school-aged children with acquired motor-type aprosodias following acute right focal brain injury. Their affective prosody and singing were also analyzed acoustically during the acute and recovery phases of illness. Based on these cases, we propose the term children aprosodia to describe affective-prosodic deficits that result from acquired lesions of the right hemisphere in children. (J Child Neurol 1990;5:19-26).
Effects of Thalassaemia Major on Components of the Craniofacial Complex

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the craniofacial effects of thalassaemia major and involved a cephalometric analysis of two samples, consisting of 30 thalassaemic patients and 30 control cases. Differences between the groups were tested by Variance analysis (two factors completely randomized design). It was found that thalassaemia major had significant effects on components of the craniofacial complex: The typical thalassaemic patient had a moderate Class 2 skeletal discrepancy with pronounced vertical mandibular growth direction, prominent mandibular incisors, everted lips, and a narrowed nasal cavity.
INFLUÊNCIA DA ESTRUTURA DE PROPRIEDADE E DA GESTÃO FAMILIAR NO CUSTO DE FINANCIAMENTO DA DÍVIDA DE COMPANHIAS ABERTAS

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a influencia da estrutura de propriedade e da gestao familiar no custo de financiamento da divida de companhias abertas listadas na B3. Para tal, realizou-se pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa e conduzida por meio de analise documental, com consulta aos Formularios de Referencia, banco de dados Economatica e site da B3. A amostra foi composta por 211 companhias em 2012, 214 em 2013, 225 em 2014, 220 em 2015 e 223 em 2016. Os resultados revelaram que ao longo de praticamente todo o periodo analisado, as medias do custo de financiamento da divida foram superiores no grupo de empresas que possuiam estrutura de propriedade familiar. Ao comparar o custo de financiamento da divida entre empresas que possuiam gestao familiar e nao familiar percebeu-se que, na maioria dos anos, o custo era inferior no grupo de empresas com gestao familiar. Portanto, constatou-se que apenas a gestao familiar influenciava para reducao do custo de financiamento da divida. Conclui-se que as empresas com estrutura de propriedade e gestao familiar desfrutam de maior alinhamento de interesses entre o controlador e o gestor, em conformidade com a perspectiva principal-agente da Teoria da Agencia.
Oscillometric sphygmomanometers: a critical appraisal of current technology

AimBlood pressure (BP), a key vital sign, monitors general health. Oscillometric devices are increasingly used for measurement, although their accuracy continues to be critically debated. A functional block diagram is used to review the components that affect accuracy. MethodsA block diagram is presented covering the components from cuff to algorithm. The oscillometric waveform is described, considering factors that can alter its shape. Methods used to assess accuracy, including the potential use of simulators, are described. Results and discussionThe block diagram focuses attention on cuff, amplifier, signal processing and algorithm. The importance of correct cuff size is emphasized. Accuracy can be affected by the extraction of the oscillometric pulses and the interpolation to compensate for higher deflation rates. Modern electronic amplifiers are assumed to be stable and do not drift, an assumption largely untested. Crucial to accuracy is the algorithm, but there is no standard algorithm and limited theoretical basis, leading to significant measurement errors in groups of patients, even by approved devices. The causes are not well understood, but differences in oscillometric waveform shape between patient groups have been observed and may explain auscultatory–oscillometric differences. The ability of theoretical models to explain the effects of arterial stiffness on BP measurements is discussed. Validation remains statistical though steps have been taken to improve it. ConclusionThe indirect nature of BP measurement poses particularly problems for ensuring accuracy. Critical assessment has done much to improve standards, but a solid theoretical understanding of the technique has not been formulated and further work is required.
The effect of nonvisible sleep fragmentation on daytime function.

Patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) suffer from impaired daytime function that correlates with hypoxemia and visible electroencephalographic (EEG) arousals. However, not all breathing irregularities during sleep terminate with visible EEG arousal. We hypothesized that sleep disturbance without visible EEG change may impair daytime function. Twelve normal subjects spent two pairs of 2 nights each in the laboratory. The first night of each pair was for acclimatization. On the second night, subjects either slept undisturbed or had sleep fragmented every minute to cause a transient increase in arterial blood pressure or increase in heart rate without visible EEG arousal. We tested daytime function after each study night. We presented 253 +/- 23 tones (mean +/- SD), 79 +/- 7% of which did not cause visible EEG arousals. Fragmentation did not alter total sleep time (undisturbed: 419 +/- 27 min; fragmented: 414 +/- 32 min; p = 0.5) or arousal frequency (undisturbed: 22 +/- 4/h; fragmented: 25 +/- 6/h; p = 0.4). Fragmentation reduced slow-wave sleep (undisturbed: 24 +/- 5%; fragmented: 20 +/- 4%; p < 0.01), mean sleep onset latency on the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) (undisturbed: 8.0 +/- 3.1; fragmented: 6.2 +/- 2.1 min; p = 0.01) and the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) (undisturbed: 29.0 +/- 10.0 min; fragmented 25.7 +/- 9.7 min; p = 0.04). Fragmentation decreased hedonic tone at 7 A.M. (27 +/- 4, 25 +/- 6; p = 0.03). Nonvisible (autonomic) sleep fragmentation makes normal subjects sleepier and impairs their mood.
Navigating the Journey to Menses Cessation

Purpose: This article explores contemporary women’s perceptions of the experience of the menopausal process within the Western industrialized culture, describes and synthesizes the processes used by women to evaluate available information, and explores and facilitates processes used by women to envision and create change in their life world. Method: An emancipatory group process was designed to facilitate dialogue between the investigator and nine women who met as a group eight times during a 10-week period in the home of one of the participants. Findings: Participants identified menses cessation as a time of change in all aspects of their lives. They employed decision making to cope with these changes and, as a result of the awareness that came through the research process, invited other women to celebrate the collective wisdom of women at all stages of life. Conclusion: Women experiencing menses cessation need information and time to process that information internally and in relation with others. Implications: Nurses can facilitate the process by providing knowledge, assisting women in decision making, and intervening in ways that contribute to a holistic quality of life for women.
Online networks destroy social trust

Studies in the social capital literature have documented two stylised facts: first, a decline in measures of social participation has occurred in many OECD countries. Second, and more recently, the success of social networking sites (SNSs) has resulted in a steep rise in online social participation. Our study adds to this body of research by conducting the first empirical assessment of how online networking affects two economically relevant aspects of social capital, i.e. trust and sociability. We address endogeneity in online networking by exploiting technological characteristics of the pre-existing voice telecommunication infrastructures that exogenously determined the availability of broadband for high-speed Internet. We find that participation in SNSs such as Facebook and Twitter has a positive effect on face-to-face interactions. However, social trust decreases with online interactions. We argue that the rising practice of hate speech may play a crucial role in the destruction of trust.
Alterations of the lung methylome in allergic airway hyper‐responsiveness

Asthma is a chronic airway disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, affecting 300 million people around the world (available at: www.who.int). To date, genetic factors associated with asthma susceptibility have been unable to explain the full etiology of asthma. Recent studies have demonstrated that the epigenetic disruption of gene expression plays an equally important role in the development of asthma through interaction with our environment. We sensitized 6‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice with house‐dust‐mite (HDM) extracts intraperitoneally followed by 5 weeks of exposure to HDM challenges (three times a week) intratracheally. HDM‐exposed mice showed an increase in airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR) and inflammation together with structural remodeling of the airways. We applied methylated DNA immunoprecipitation‐next generation sequencing (MeDIP‐seq) for profiling of DNA methylation changes in the lungs in response to HDM. We observed about 20 million reads by a single‐run of massive parallel sequencing. We performed bioinformatics and pathway analysis on the raw sequencing data to identify differentially methylated candidate genes in HDM‐exposed mice. Specifically, we have revealed that the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway is epigenetically modulated by chronic exposure to HDM. Here, we demonstrated that a specific allergen may play a role in AHR through an epigenetic mechanism by disrupting the expression of genes in lungs that might be involved in airway inflammation and remodeling. Our findings provide new insights into the potential mechanisms by which environmental allergens induce allergic asthma and such insights may assist in the development of novel preventive and therapeutic options for this debilitative disease. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:244–255, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creating the Dataset for the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study (U.S.A.)

The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study (WWSIS) is one of the world's largest regional integration studies to date. This paper discusses the creation of the wind dataset that will be the basis for assessing the operating impacts and mitigation options due to the variability and uncertainty of wind power on the utility grids. The dataset is based on output from a mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, covering over 4 million square kilometers with a spatial resolution of approximately two-kilometers over a period of three years with a temporal resolution of 10 minutes. The mesoscale model dataset includes all the meteorological variables necessary to calculate wind energy production. Individual time series were produced for over 30 thousand locations representing more than 900 GW of potential wind power generation.