Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES (ECC) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH FEEDING PRACTICES — A STUDY

This was cross sectional analytical study children of 2-6 years old formed the study group. Sample size was 194 children and sampling technique was convenience purposive. Children were examined on dental unit by the principal author and caries were detected using dft index. A parent or care giver, after taking the informed consent, was asked to complete a self-designed questionnaire regarding information about the child’s pattern of feeding, mother education level, socio economics status age of starting brushing, having snack between meals and dft status. The study showed prevalence of ECC was 55.2%. In this study breast, fed children were 84% and bottle-fed were 16%. Pecentage of ECC in breast-fed children was 51.6%, which was less than the percentage of ECC in bottle-fed children, which was 72.25%. Those children who took bottle at nighttime had more carries (72.5%) as compared to those who did not (50%). Caries in children was 89% who took milk with sugar at night as compared to those who did not. Incident of carries was more in the children of illiterate mothers (56%) than those of educated mothers (10%).
Investigation of Mixed Micro-Compressor Casing Treatment Using Non-Matching Mesh Interface

In this paper, a non conservative interpolation boundary condition, for the non-matching mesh blocks, was developed and validated for the micro compressor casing treatment. The conservative variables were interpolated in the halo layers of non-matching mesh interface using Finite Element Method (FEM) type linear interpolation shape functions, instead of using overset grids. Using this new boundary condition, the effect of casing treatment on stall margin and compressor performance is investigated for a mixed flow type micro-compressor. The computed compressor performance map for the casing treatment case is compared with the experimental results and shows good agreement except in the region close to stall. With the application of the casing treatment, improvement in the stall margin is observed without the loss of efficiency over the operating range.
Analyzing the attitudes and practices of residents of Lucas County, Ohio in regard to advance care planning

Objective: Residents of Lucas County, Ohio were surveyed to determine their attitudes toward advance care planning (ACP). Sources of information and the role of health care providers (HCP) were also explored. Methods: One thousand participants were randomly selected from Lucas County, Ohio. Surveys, specific to this study, were distributed by mail. Results: Fourteen percent of surveys were returned. Overall, 44.8% of respondents had received ACP information, 41.1% had completed ACP and 41.7% had a positive attitude toward ACP. Attorneys were the primary influence in document completion and primary source of information. HCP were a source of information but were not influential in completion. Over 70% would feel comfortable with either HCP or attorneys discussing ACP. Conclusion: Overall, respondents had a positive attitude towards ACP. Both attorneys and HCP were an important part of this process. Future public education should be focused on increasing the percentage of persons who receive information.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN JOB TYPE AND WARD OF SERVICE OF NURSING PERSONNEL AND PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS

Background: Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are considered as the most common cause of absenteeism and impaired work performance of employees in workplaces. This study was designed to evaluate the association between job type and ward of service with musculoskeletal disorders among nursing personnel. Methods : In this cross-sectional study, 477 health care workers including nurses, nurses' aides and nurse technicians of two general hospitals in Tehran were included. Wards of service were categorized to: internal, surgery, pediatrics, operating room and "emergency and ICU". The Nordic musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to consider the prevalence MSDs in past year. The prevalence of MSDs was compared between groups in terms of job type and ward of service. Regression analysis was used to adjust for confounding factors and to investigate the associations more precisely. Nursing job and surgery ward were considered as the reference groups for analysis. Results: Low back disorder with the prevalence of 56/8% was the most prevalent disorder among subjects. Logistic regression analysis showed that employees of pediatrics ward were in higher risks to be affected by low back (odds ratio 4/43 and p=0/014) and knee disorders (odds ratio 2/94 and p=0/013). Working in "emergency and ICU" wards with odds ratio of 2/05 had a significant association with back disorders (p=0/021). Knee disorders were more common among nurses compared to nurses' aides (p=0/039). No significant relationship was found in terms of other disorders and jobs. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that working in pediatrics and "emergency and ICU" may have associations with increased prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. To reduce such disorders in nursing personnel, appropriate planning and paying more attention to high risk groups is recommended.
Ergonomic Evaluation of Child Car Seat Design

An ergonomic child car seat design should consider safety, sitting posture and comfort. The purpose of this study is to evaluate child car seat cover thicknesses and hardness in its design. Twenty children from 3 to 6 years old were recruited to participate in the experiment with nine treatment combinations (three thicknesses: 5, 10, 15 mm and three hardness: 10, 12, 15 ILD of child car seat cover). Experimental setup included a platform with real back seat and the car safety seat placed on the back seat. In the experiment, each participant was asked to take one of the nine child car seats that were randomly assigned. Seat pressure distribution and skin temperature were collected to find the best combination of child car seat cover designs. The results indicated that the 5 mm thick with 10 ILD hardness child car seat cover had the best thermal comfort performance. The 15 mm thick with 10 ILD hardness child car seat cover had the lowest sitting pressure and highest seating comfort. These research findings provide very useful information for child car seat design, seat comfort improvement and selection.
METHODS AND FINDINGS IN RESEARCH ON AFFECT AND EMOTION IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION

This paper discusses examples of research done in the affective domain, using different types of ‘qualitative’ methods, here classroom observation and semistructured interviews. The issue is how a researcher's methodology conditions and constrains the findings that are possible. This issue is investigated by considering the different ways that the two methods / methodologies frame the social interaction between researcher and researched, and that among the various research participants.
Anatomy of maxillary sinus and its ostium: A radiological study using computed tomography

Background: Interventions involving the middle meatus are commonly performed because the majority of the paranasal sinuses open into the osteomeatal complex. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to locate the level of maxillary sinus ostium (MSO), to measure the distances between MSO and different anatomical landmarks, to measure the different dimensions of maxillary sinus and to compare the morphology of maxillary sinus between the right and the left sides. Materials and Methods: The study involved 50 computed tomography (CT) images of normal paranasal sinus anatomy in coronal and sagittal planes from the Department of Radiodiagnosis. The location of the sinus ostium (upper, middle, or lower third) was observed. Perpendicular distance from the sinus ostium to the lower border of inferior turbinate and hard palate were measured. The maximum vertical, transverse, and antero-posterior diameters of the maxillary sinus were measured. Results: Of 50 CT images, the MSO was located in the upper third in 40 cases while in 10 it was located in the middle third. The most common location of MSO was in the upper third. The dimensions of the maxillary sinus indicated bilateral symmetry. Conclusion: The dimensions of the maxillary sinus indicated bilateral symmetry, and there were no significant gender differences when compared. However, the distances of the MSO from the major anatomical landmarks were significantly different between males and females which are seldom reported earlier. This knowledge about the variations in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity is crucial during the endoscopic interventions and for functional endoscopic sinus surgeries.
Course of the Sciatic Nerve: a review of cases seen at Mulago Hospital, Kampala - Uganda

Background: The sciatic nerve is the largest in the body with nerve roots L4, 5 S1, 2, 3. It is commonly injured in the body particularly following administration of gluteal intramuscular injections to children. The nerve usually leaves the pelvis by passing through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis and anterior to the superior and inferior gamelli and the obturator internus muscles. However, it should be noted that this usual course varies on many occasions and these variations have been cited as predisposing factors to certain clinical conditions including piriformis syndrome, coccydynia, muscle atrophy, traumatic administration of intramuscular injections leading to foot drop and bilateral gluteal fibrosis. This study describes the course of the sciatic nerve among adult subjects at Mulago hospital complex. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the department of anatomy dissection laboratory Makerere University and the associated Mulago teaching hospital mortuary. Dissections of the lower limbs from the gluteal region through the thigh to the leg were done to expose the nerves and surrounding structures. Results: A total of 80 adult thighs and gluteal regions were dissected in 56 males and 24 females to trace and expose sciatic nerves. All sciatic nerves were located in the lower medial quadrant between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter. In the gluteal region, the whole sciatic nerve measured 4.2 cm, and among subjects with bifurcated nerves, the tibial and common peroneal nerves were 4.67cm and 3.3cm, respectively, along a perpendicular line drawn medially from the midpoint between the posterior superior iliac spine and the greater trochanter. Conclusion: The course of the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region is variable and hence, appreciation of these variations can be useful during clinical and surgical procedures in the gluteal and thigh regions.
Body Size and Breast Cancer Prognosis: A Statistical Explanation of the Discrepancies1

A historical cohort of 68 female breast cancer patients from one institution who were enrolled in a multicenter randomized controlled trial between 1971 and 1973 were followed up to the beginning of 1986. Weight and height at the time of mastectomy were transformed into two indices of body size, namely the Quetelet Index and a weight to "ideal weight" ratio. These two indices were analyzed for their relation with overall and disease-free survival, while controlling for the effect of several potential confounding variables. While neither index was linearly related to the hazard of death or recurrence, a significant quadratic (curvilinear) relation was found for both indices and both hazards. In all cases the hazard function was concave up, indicating that not only overweight but also underweight status is predictive of an unfavorable prognosis of breast cancer. This finding offers a possible explanation for the discrepancies among previous studies on this topic.
Craniofacial Features of Gummy Smile in a Syrian Adult Population

Objective: is to obtain a full understanding for the craniofacial features in a sample of Syrian patients presented having gummy smiles. Methods: Fifty-seven adults (15 males and 42 females) with more than 2 mm of gingival display during posed smiling were randomly selected at the Department of Orthodontics. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and analyzed. Fourteen cephalometric variables were calculated and compared to those related to a group of Class I skeletal patients employing two-sample t tests. Results: In this group of gummy smile patients, the skeletal relationship was found to be slightly Class II (ANB: =4.5°) whereas the vertical variables indicated a posterior rotation of the mandible compared to the normal group (B Angle: = 29.2, = 21.35; respectively, p-value<0.001). Conclusions: the planning of the treatment should be adjusted according to the individual craniofacial features of every patient in order to achieve the best result.
PRBM_A_209896 691..700

1College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, University of Texas Md Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; 4College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Background: Cancer patients under psychological distress have reduced compliance with
The Vernacular Literacy Practices of a Newly Literate Moroccan Woman: An Ethnographic Perspective

This paper offers a discussion of the literacy practices of a newly literate Moroccan woman. I draw on the social practice theory of literacy and I use ethnographic methods to explore the participant’s life history and offer an account of her family-related literacy practices within the framework of gender studies. In-depth interviews, informal discussion, participant observation, visual ethnography, and documentary photography were employed to collect data over one year. Literacy events were used as the basic unit of analysis and patterns were identified through coding and theme analysis. The findings indicate that the family is a strong impetus for the participant’s literacy acquisition and a major context where she uses the literacy skills she has developed in an adult literacy class. Literacy for this participant is an empowering tool because she has become able to carry out many of the outdoor tasks that were formerly exclusive to men. However, literacy has extended rather than reversed Imane’s home-based roles within her family. These results corroborate the findings of previous research on the embedded nature of literacy practice and illustrate the numerous ways in which the vernacular literacy practices of a participant from Morocco is embedded in a strong gender-based division of labor.
Kansei Engineering International Journal

Recent information technology enables us to use fragrance as media content. Additional use of fragrance to information of sight will achieve higher effects in new products and Web browsing than ever. Referring to the previous studies, this study fundamentally investigated the effects of combination of color and fragrance. To investigate the effect, two experiments using color and fragrance were conducted. In the experiment 1, eleven subjective evaluations on each six color and each ten fragrance were obtained. The experiment 2 investigated the effect of combining the colors and the fragrances, and the number of the combination was sixty. Twelve subjects participated in both of the two experiments. Effect of each color and each fragrance was investigated with Freedman test in both of the experiments. In the result of the experiment 1, significant effects of color or fragrance were observed in all eleven adjective pairs. In the result of the experiment 2, significant effect of color and fragrance were observed in most of evaluation indices. By comparing these results, change in evaluation value by combining color and fragrance from presenting only color or fragrance was investigated with Sign test and Holm’s test. Significant changes in evaluation value by the combination were shown in many cases, and most of them were affected by adding fragrance on color. In contrast, significant changes caused by adding color on fragrance were observed in only six cases.
MATRIX MODELS FOR MULTILEVEL HECKMAN-OPDAM AND MULTIVARIATE BESSEL MEASURES

We study multilevel matrix ensembles at general β by identifying them with a class of processes defined via the branching rules for multivariate Bessel and Heckman-Opdam hypergeometric functions. For β = 1, 2, we express the joint multilevel density of the eigenvalues of a generalized β-Wishart matrix as a multivariate Bessel ensemble, generalizing a result of Dieker-Warren in [DW09]. In the null case, we prove the conjecture of Borodin-Gorin in [BG15] that the joint multilevel density of the β-Jacobi ensemble is given by a principally specialized Heckman-Opdam measure.
Original Contribution Body Size in Early Life and Adult Levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3

Body size in early life has been associated with breast cancer risk. This may be partly mediated through the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway. The authors assessed whether birth weight, body fatness at ages 5 and 10 years, and body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)) at age 18 years were associated with plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in 6,520 women aged 32–70 years at blood draw from the Nurses’ Health Study (1990–2006) and Nurses’ Health Study II (1997–2005). Birth weight, body fatness in childhood, and BMI at age 18 years were inversely associated with adult IGF-1 levels. For example, IGF-1 levels were 11.9% lower in women who reported being heaviest at age 10 years than in those who were leanest at age 10 (P-trend < 0.0001). Further, women who reported their birth weight as 10 pounds ( 4.5 kg) (vs. <5.5 pounds (<2.5 kg)) had 7.9% lower IGF-1 levels (P-trend 1⁄4 0.002). Women whose BMI at age 18 years was 30 (vs. <20) had 14.1% lower IGF-1 levels (P-trend < 0.0001). Similar inverse associations were observed for insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. These observations did not vary by adult BMI or menopausal status at blood draw. These findings suggest that altered IGF-1 levels in adulthood may be a mechanism through which early-life body size influences subsequent breast cancer risk.
Downsian competition with primaries and valence asymmetries

We introduce primaries -both closed and openin a Downsian model of electoral competition allowing candidates to differ in valence. Unlike the standard model with valence asymmetries and no primaries that never admits a pure strategy equilibrium, we identify a stabilizing effect of primaries on electoral competition by showing the existence of a unique pure strategy equilibrium. By characterizing this equilibrium several interesting properties arise: a) within each party, the high valence candidate wins the primary and candidates propose differentiated platforms: primary winners locate closer to the ideal policy of the society’s median than primary losers who locate on their party’s median; and b) the winner of the general election need not be the candidate with the highest valence: a high valence candidate who went through a competitive primary may lose the general election to a lower valence candidate if that candidate faced a primary opponent of significantly lower valence. While all previous properties are valid when both parties hold the same type of primaries, it turns out that the choice of one system over the other can crucially affect the winner of the general election when a party in opposition aims at replacing an incumbent.
Are oxygen limitations under recognized regulators of organic carbon turnover in upland soils?

Understanding the processes controlling organic matter (OM) stocks in upland soils, and the ability to management them, is crucial for maintaining soil fertility and carbon (C) storage as well as projecting change with time. OM inputs are balanced by the mineralization (oxidation) rate, with the difference determining whether the system is aggrading, degrading or at equilibrium with reference to its C storage. In upland soils, it is well recognized that the rate and extent of OM mineralization is affected by climatic factors (particularly temperature and rainfall) in combination with OM chemistry, mineral–organic associations, and physical protection. Here we examine evidence for the existence of persistent anaerobic microsites in upland soils and their effect on microbially mediated OM mineralization rates. We corroborate long-standing assumptions that residence times of OM tend to be greater in soil domains with limited oxygen supply (aggregates or peds). Moreover, the particularly long residence times of reduced organic compounds (e.g., aliphatics) are consistent with thermodynamic constraints on their oxidation under anaerobic conditions. Incorporating (i) pore length and connectivity governing oxygen diffusion rates (and thus oxygen supply) with (ii) ‘hot spots’ of microbial OM decomposition (and thus oxygen consumption), and (iii) kinetic and thermodynamic constraints on OM metabolism under anaerobic conditions will thus improve conceptual and numerical models of C cycling in upland soils. We conclude that constraints on microbial metabolism induced by oxygen limitations act as a largely unrecognized and greatly underestimated control on overall rates of C oxidation in upland soils. carbon Organic matter Anaerobic metabolism Soils Oxygen limitations ‘Anaerobic fraction’, anaerobic proportion of the overall pore space r oxygen Scaling factor that describes the effect of oxygen limitations on overall OM oxidation rates (ranges from 0 to 1) F Thermodynamic driving force for the oxidation of a carbon compound coupled to the reduction of a given terminal electron acceptor. It varies from 0 (reaction inhibited) to 1 (reaction occurs at maximum rates) and can be estimated based on NOSC NOSC Nominal oxidation state of carbon can be calculated for any given compound based on its stoichiometry (LaRowe and Van Cappellen 2011 ) Dr. A. Billings.