Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socio-Demographic Distribution of Patients with Fixed Dental Prosthesis in a Developing Economy

Background: Socio-demographic characteristics influencing the prevalence of dental restorations varies from country to country, hence this study sought to evaluate the socio-demographic distribution of patients with fixed dental prosthesis at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Method: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of all patients who received fixed dental prosthesis over a 5- year period. he data of interest retrieved from patients’ records were demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, occupation), type of fixed prosthesis fabricated and teeth for which they were fabricated as well as indication for the provision of the fixed prostheses. Data collected was subjected to statistically analysis using IBM SPSS version 21.0. Results: A total of 256 patient records with the desired information were used for the study. The patients’ age ranged from 18 to 83 years with a mean age of 38.86 ± 15.86 years. There was a decline in number of patients who received fixed prosthesis as age increased with those ≤ 30 years of age recording the highest frequency. Skilled workers accounted for the majority (35.2%) of the patients while dependent and professionals accounted for 32.0% and 22.7% respectively. More than half (52.0%) of the patients were married. A higher proportion of females had crowns provided for them while a higher proportion of males had fixed partial denture provided for them and this was statistically significant Conclusion: Fixed dental prosthesis is sought by patients with higher socioeconomic status and young adults with a higher prevalence of males demanding fixed partial denture and females, single crowns.
Effects of additional food on predator-prey systems with monotonic and non-monotonic functional response: a comparative study

In this paper, we have proposed predator-prey models with monotonic and non- monotonic functional response with additional food to top-predator. Bifurcation analysis of our models confirm the vital role of response function in the controlla- bility of the predator-prey system dynamics with additional food. We observe that additional food is a very powerful tool for controlling dynamics of a predator-prey model with monotonic functional response but not very useful for the system with non-monotonic response function.
Acoustic Emission and Ultrasonic Transmission Monitoring of Hydraulic Fracture Initiation and Growth in Rock Samples

In this paper we report laboratory experiments conducted to study initiation and growth of hydraulic fracture in low permeability sandstone blocks loaded in a poly-axial test frame to representative effective in-situ stress conditions. Fracture propagation was monitored by means of Acoustic Emission (AE), Ultrasonic Transmission (UT) and volumetric deformation techniques. We used initially intact rock blocks, as well as blocks with saw cut discontinuities oriented orthogonally to the expected direction of fracture propagation. Hydraulic fracturing was initiated by injection of silicone oil into a borehole drilled in the block. Analysis of AE results shows an increase in AE activity and spatial correlation coefficient, reliably indicating a process of microcracks coalescence during hydraulic fracture initiation. This early stage of fracturing correlates strongly with the onset of volumetric deformation of the rock. Detailed analysis of AE localizations allowed us to identify initiation of hydraulic fracture and also various stages of hydraulic fracture propagation, including interaction with the preexisting interface, propagation away from the interface, and fracture closure. We found that the onset of borehole pressure breakdown correlates closely to the time, when the hydraulic fracture crosses interface and not with the fracture initiation, reliably indicated by AE technique earlier than the breakdown. Analysis of the combined AE and volumetric deformation data allow us to estimate near-wellbore fracture width and in combination with UT data analysis provided additional insight into the fracturing process and significantly improved our understanding of the dynamics of hydraulic fracture propagation. These results also give us a reference for interpretation of microseismic monitoring data recorded in the field.
The Application of Clinical, Electrophysiological and Nerve Ultrasound Parameters in Distinguishing Acute-onset Chronic from Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

History-taking and nerve conduction studies are fundamental for the diagnosis and assessment of the severity of acute (AIDP) or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). The diagnostic challenge of distinguishing these two immune-mediated subacute polyradiculoneuropathies remains high, as intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids exert short-term clinical improvement in the majority of the CIDP cases, whereas steroids have no effect on AIDP patients. Accordingly, the precise classification of subacute polyradiculoneuropathies significantly affects the early application of steroids in CIDP. This review aims to give a timely update on the application of clinical, electrophysiological and nerve ultrasound parameters in distinguishing subacute CIDP from AIDP.
BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS RELATED TO CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC EFFECTS BY ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE

The WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region focus on several non-auditory health outcomes, including sleep disturbances, annoyance, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, adverse birth outcomes, cognitive impairment, mental health and well-being. This paper primarily deals with biological mechanisms related to cardiovascular and metabolic effects by environmental noise. In particular, it focuses on etiological pathways related to stress mechanisms and the role of effect modification by perceptual and psychological factors.
Learning the Causal Structure of Copula Models with Latent Variables

A common goal in psychometrics, sociology, and econometrics is to uncover causal relations among latent variables representing hypothetical constructs that cannot be measured directly, such as attitude, intelligence, and motivation. Through measurement models, these constructs are typically linked to measurable indicators, e.g., responses to questionnaire items. This paper addresses the problem of causal structure learning among such latent variables and other observed variables. We propose the ‘Copula Factor PC’ algorithm as a novel two-step approach. It first draws samples of the underlying correlation matrix in a Gaussian copula factor model via a Gibbs sampler on rank-based data. These are then translated into an average correlation matrix and an effective sample size, which are taken as input to the standard PC algorithm for causal discovery in the second step. We prove the consistency of our ‘Copula Factor PC’ algorithm, and demonstrate that it outperforms the PC-MIMBuild algorithm and a greedy step-wise approach. We illustrate our method on a real-world data set about children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND LOYALTY: A STUDY OF INTERRELATIONSHIPS AND EFFECTS IN NIGERIAN DOMESTIC AIRLINE INDUSTRY

The debate concerning the interrelationships and effects between customer satisfaction and loyalty has been tossed back and forth, without a consensus opinion. This study examines the linkages between customer satisfaction and loyalty in Nigerian domestic airline industry. The study adopted correlation research design to elicit information via questionnaire from 600 domestic air passengers drawn through convenience sampling technique. The data obtained from the respondents were analysed with Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression, and One-way analysis of variance. Based on 383 completed data, the results provide support for the association and influence of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. The study also found out that frequent air travelers displayed more loyalty tendency towards airline carriers compared to non-frequent air passengers. On the basis of aforementioned findings, the study concludes that customer satisfaction is extremely important in building and enhancing customer loyalty. Therefore, airline carriers should implement strategies that will guarantee long-term relationship with air travellers by offering service quality that will meet and exceeds their expectations and by extension customer satisfaction.
Kinetic approaches for the simulation of non-linear free surface flow problems in civil and environmental engineering (Kinetische Methoden zur numerischen Simulation von nichtlinearen Strömungen mit freien Oberflächen im Bau- und Umweltingenieurwesen)

This thesis focuses on the numerical simulation of non-linear free surface flow problems. Different simulation kernels based on the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) have been developed or extended, implemented, and, after validation, applied to a number of applications in civil and environmental engineering. The LB model solves viscous and turbulent flows, essentially representing similar physics as Navier-Stokes or reduced shallow water models, but with specific solver advantages concerning data locality and parallel computing. The first part of this thesis deals with numerical simulations on high-performance GPU (graphics processing unit) hardware. Validations and applications of a reduced LB model for solving the shallow water equations are presented. The resulting GPU kernel has shown to be applicable to state-of-the-art benchmark problems, dealing with wave propagation and wave run-up. Subsequently, the GPU implementation of a 3D numerical wave tank for the simulation of various applications in civil engineering is presented. The second main target of this thesis is to develop and apply a novel model based on an enhanced representation and advection of the phase interface for the simulation of more complex and demanding free surface flow problems. A volume-of-fluid (VOF) approach in combination with a piecewise linear interface reconstruction (PLIC) has been coupled with the LBM. The resulting hybrid model has been successfully validated against various benchmark experiments. Even a breaking wave during shoaling on a slope, which is a demanding test case for VOF solvers, was successfully simulated. Apart from the model development and validation itself, a coupling to a rigid body engine for the simulation of FSI problems has been established. Finally, several techniques for the coupling to a potential flow solver are discussed and validated, in order to generate realistic wave profiles and for the efficient simulation of wave run-up and wave breaking.
Unfolding participation over time: temporal lenses in participatory design

Abstract Participatory design (PD) research has historically strongly focused on the reporting of design events (e.g. workshops and prototyping activities with participants), where issues such as ‘involving users’, including the users’ point of view, and participation as a matter of mutual learning have been in the foreground. The need to further problematise and critically examine participation is nonetheless apparent. This special issue aims to shed light on participation as it unfolds over time during, between and beyond participatory events such as these. Here, we build an overview of existing directions taken by researchers to address the unfolding of participation in IT design over time. We do this by examining existing PD literature and the four contributions to this special issue. We identify two common temporalities in PD, the future-oriented and the project-based, and propose five lenses that may aid researchers in exploring and understanding the temporal dimensions of participation in their projects: the phasic, emergent, retrospective, prospective and long-term lenses. We end with propositions and opportunities for future research directions in PD, highlighting the multi-faceted nature of the temporality of participation.
Roughness and frictional properties of cotton and polyester woven fabrics

Received 6 September 2012; revised received and accepted 28 February 2013 The roughness and frictional properties of cotton and polyester fabrics and relationship between these properties have been investigated and compared. Two sets of test samples comprising nine cotton and twelve polyester fabrics have been woven by systematically changing parameters such as weave type, weft setting and linear density of weft yarn. The fabric roughness measurements are conducted by using a new surface roughness tester for textile applications and the fabric friction measurements are performed with a friction attachment adaptable to a tensile tester. All the results are statistically evaluated in relation to the structural parameters of the test fabrics by using multivariate variance analyses. The relationship between roughness and frictional properties is examined by correlation analyses. For all the test fabrics, it can be noted that an increase in weft setting causes decrease in fabric roughness values for every weave type and this tendency is in accordance with the fabric friction results. When the relationships between the frictional and roughness values are examined, statistically significant and high correlations are determined for both of the cotton and polyester fabrics.
What is spinodal decomposition

Abstract: Phase separation may occur in a way that the growth is not in extent but in amplitude. Only in the unstable region such a procedure is thermodynamically feasible. In a phase diagram the unstable region is defined by the spinodal. When a system has crossed this locus, phase separation occurs spontaneously without the presence of a nucleation step. This process is known as spinodal decomposition and commonly results to a high interconnectivity of the two phases. The Cahn-Hilliard equation describes the kinetics of the process. In this note both processes (nucleation and spinodal) are depicted schematically. Abstract Abstract: Phase separation may occur in a way that the growth is not in extent but in amplitude. Only in the unstable region such a procedure is thermodynamically feasible. In a phase diagram the unstable region is defined by the spinodal. When a system has crossed this locus, phase separation occurs spontaneously without the presence of a nucleation step. This process is known as spinodal decomposition and commonly results to a high interconnectivity of the two phases. The Cahn-Hilliard equation describes the kinetics of the process. In this note both processes (nucleation and spinodal) are depicted schematically. Abstract Abstract: Phase separation may occur in a way that the growth is not in extent but in amplitude. Only in the unstable region such a procedure is thermodynamically feasible. In a phase diagram the unstable region is defined by the spinodal. When a system has crossed this locus, phase separation occurs spontaneously without the presence of a nucleation step. This process is known as spinodal decomposition and commonly results to a high interconnectivity of the two phases. The Cahn-Hilliard equation describes the kinetics of the process. In this note both processes (nucleation and spinodal) are depicted schematically.
Approximation by Combinations of ReLU and Squared ReLU Ridge Functions With  $\ell^1$  and  $\ell^0$  Controls

We establish <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L^{\infty } $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L^{2} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> error bounds for functions of many variables that are approximated by linear combinations of rectified linear unit (ReLU) and squared ReLU ridge functions with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell ^{1} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell ^{0} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> controls on their inner and outer parameters. With the squared ReLU ridge function, we show that the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L^{2} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> approximation error is inversely proportional to the inner layer <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell ^{0} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> sparsity and it need only be sublinear in the outer layer <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell ^{0} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> sparsity. Our constructions are obtained using a variant of the Maurey–Jones–Barron probabilistic method, which can be interpreted as either stratified sampling with proportionate allocation or two-stage cluster sampling. We also provide companion error lower bounds that reveal near optimality of our constructions. Despite the sparsity assumptions, we showcase the richness and flexibility of these ridge combinations by defining a large family of functions, in terms of certain spectral conditions, that are particularly well approximated by them.
Investigating the Relationship Between Affective Commitment and Unethical Pro-Organizational Behaviors: The Role of Moral Identity

In this study, we investigate the relationship between affective commitment and unethical proorganizational behaviors (UPBs), which are unethical behaviors conducted by employees meant to potentially benefit the organization (Umphress, Bingham, & Mitchell, 2010). We predicted that affective commitment would be positively related to UPBs and that moral identity would moderate and weaken this relationship. The results support our hypotheses, indicating that individuals with high levels of affective organizational commitment are more likely to engage in UPBs when they hold a lower level or moral identity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The borage family (Boraginaceae s.str.): A revised infrafamilial classification based on new phylogenetic evidence, with emphasis on the placement of some enigmatic genera

SYNTHESYS project by the European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6 "Structuring the European Research Area" GB-TAF-4514 FP7 "Capacities" Programmes ES-TAF-136 AT-TAF-2001 FR-TAF-1977 SE-TAF-2567
Salivary antioxidant variations in athletes after intense exercise

Introduction. Antioxidant system in saliva protects oral cavity as well as gastrointestinal tract form attack of free radicals. The aim of this research was investi gating the whole antioxidant system variations in s aliva of athlete men. The effect of short term intense exercise on s alivary flow rate, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activ ity and uric acid concentration was examined. Material and Method. In a double blind randomized design, 25 healthy a lete men (mean age 22.9±1.5 years, mean weight 73.77±5.8, height 1 76.6±7.13m body fat 14.34±1.31% and maximum oxygen consumption 48) enrolled for the research. Before c olle ting their un-stimulated saliva, the purpose o f study was explained and informed consent obtained. Their unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected befo re, immediately after and one hour after treadmill runs at exhaustion. Activity of antioxidant enzymes (ca tal se, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and concentration of uric acid were determined using corresponding b iochemical assays. Results. The results showed a significant increase in uric acid concentration and activity of enzymes immediately after exercise. However, this increase was slowly compensated in one hour after exhaustion . C clusions. Therefore, short-duration and high-intensity exerci se increases the antioxidant power of saliva for sc avenging the free radicals produced by stress from intense exercise.
Unlucky Cohorts: Estimating the Long-Term Effects of Entering the Labor Market in a Recession in Large Cross-Sectional Data Sets

This paper studies the differential persistent effects of initial economic conditions for labor market entrants in the United States from 1976 to 2015 by education, gender, and race using labor force survey data. We find persistent earnings and wage reductions, especially for less advantaged entrants, that increases in government support only partly offset. We confirm that the results are unaffected by selective migration and labor market entry by also using a double-weighted average unemployment rate at labor market entry for each birth cohort and state-of-birth cell based on average state migration rates and average cohort education rates from census data.
The Costs of Exclusionary Practices in Women's Studies

As women who came to maturity during the social upheavals of the late sixties and early seventies, we entered academia to continue-in a different arena-the struggles that our foreparents had begun centuries earlier. We sought to reveal untold tales and unearth hidden images, and we believed (or at least hoped) that, once illuminated, the truths of the lives of our people-Black, brown, and working-class white-would combat the myths and stereotypes that haunted us. We were, in that sense, scholars with a special mission. In the tradition of W. E. B. DuBois, Oliver Cox, Joyce Ladner, and other pioneers, we sought to use the tools of history and social science and the media of literature and the arts to improve our people's future and more accurately portray their past. We each had developed critical perspectives on society and sought theoretical explanations for the continued poverty and oppression of our people. We had different but related foci for our research: on Chicanos and the impact of outside resources on family structure and ethnicity; on working-class consciousness and class conflict; on Black women achieving a college education; and on the relationship of work and family for Black women private household workers. In the process of conducting it, we became acutely aware of the limitations of traditional social science with
The Usability of E-learning Platforms in Higher Education: A Systematic Mapping Study

The use of e-learning in higher education has increased significantly in recent years, which has led to several studies being conducted to investigate the usability of the platforms that support it. A variety of different usability evaluation methods and attributes have been used, and it has therefore become important to start reviewing this work in a systematic way to determine how the field has developed in the last 15 years. This paper describes a systematic mapping study that performed searches on five electronic libraries to identify usability issues and methods that have been used to evaluate e-learning platforms. Sixty-one papers were selected and analysed, with the majority of studies using a simple research design reliant on questionnaires. The usability attributes measured were mostly related to effectiveness, satisfaction, efficiency, and perceived ease of use. Furthermore, several research gaps have been identified and recommendations have been made for further work in the area of the usability of online learning.