Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of oxygen scattering on ionomer surface in catalyst layer of PEFC

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to clarify the scattering phenomena of oxygen molecules on ionomer thin films, which affect the transport resistance of oxygen in catalyst layers in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. We have evaluated the probability density functions of the translational energy and scattering angle of scattered molecules, and the residence time of oxygen molecules on the ionomer surface. It was found that the energy distributions of scattered oxygen molecules depend on the incident energy and differ from that of thermally equilibrated molecules. On the other hand, the angular distributions are independent of the incident energy, and well reproduced by the diffusive scattering model. These results indicate that oxygen molecules do not accommodate completely with ionomer surface during the collision. We also evaluated the trapping dynamics of oxygen molecules on the ionomer surface in the trajectory calculations. Increasing the normal component of the incident energy results in the longer residence time on the ionomer surface.
A PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF NIGHTMARES AND NIGHT TERRORS: I. PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE STAGE 4 NIGHT TERROR

Anxious arousals originate from all sleep stages and can be classified as: a) stage 4 night terrors; b) rapid eye movement (REM) nightmares; c) stage 2 awakenings; and d) hypnagogic nightmares. We have confirmed Broughton's finding that the night terror, the most severe type of episode, does not occur in sleep but as part of the “arousal response,” a complex of autonomic discharge and behavioral symptoms. The full blown night terror is a fight-flight episode combining sleep utterances, sleep walking and hallucinated or delusional mental content associated with terror. There is a significant positive correlation between intensity of night terror and the amount of delta sleep preceding arousal, e.g., stage 4 arousals designated as night terrors are preceded by longer periods of stage 4 than arousals of lesser intensity (p <.05). About two-thirds of both stage 4 and night terrors occurs in the first non-REM (NREM) period. The night terror arises out of physiologically quiescent sleep as indicated by the normal or slightly less them normal cardiorespiratory rates during the first NREM period and absence of skin resistance changes prior to the attack. The night terror is ushered in by sudden loud piercing screams, the subject passing into an aroused state characterized by alpha rhythm, motility, often somnambulism, intense autonomic discharge (precipitous doubling or even tripling of heart rate, great increase in respiratory amplitude, marked decrease in skin resistance), brief duration (1 to 3 minutes), varying degrees of amnesia for the episode, and rapid return to sleep. The night terror is a much more severe phenomenon than the REM nightmare although the latter is far more frequent. The nightmare occurs in REM sleep, is characterized by slight autonomic fluctuations, compared to the night terror, and, in half of instances, a “desomatization” of the anxiety response, that is, absence of its physiological concomitants. The REM state is physiologically activated to begin with, constituting a preparation for fright, possibly a buffer against the extreme terror of the stage 4 variety. The important problem of the triggering mechanisms of the night terror remains unsolved: whether the attack is precipitated by ongoing mental content during delta sleep, or represents a psychosomatic “arousal response“ (Broughton). The fact that it can be induced artificially by sounding a buzzer speaks in favor of the latter, the finding of significant mental content in favor of the former. The night terror is not a dream but a symptom emerging from stage 3-4 sleep, associated with a rift in the ego's capacity to control anxiety.
EFFECTS OF PREGNANCY AND PROGESTERONE METABOLITES ON REGULATION OF SYMPATHETIC OUTFLOW

1. Pregnancy is characterized by a 40% increase in blood volume and cardiac output, a decrease in arterial blood pressure and thus a substantial decrease in total peripheral resistance. The aims of the experiments described in this manuscript were: (i) to determine if pregnancy resulted in alterations in baroreflex control of sympathetic outflow; and (ii) to evaluate possible mechanisms for pregnancy‐induced changes in control of sympathetic outflow.
Lesbians and Gay Men’s Vacation Motivations, Perceptions, and Constraints: A Study of Cruise Vacation Choice

ABSTRACT This study explores the push-pull vacation motivations of gay male and lesbian consumers and examines how these underpin their perceptions and purchase constraints of a mainstream and LGBT1 cruise. Findings highlight a complex vacation market. Although lesbians and gay men share many of the same travel motivations as their heterosexual counterparts, the study reveals sexuality is a significant variable in their perception of cruise vacations, which further influences purchase constraints and destination choice. Gay men have more favorable perceptions than lesbians of both mainstream and LGBT cruises. The article recommends further inquiry into the multifaceted nature of motivations, perception, and constraints within the LGBT market in relation to cruise vacations.
Health-promoting Lifestyle and its Demographic Predictors in Infertile Couples Referred to Infertility Clinic of Tabriz Al-Zahra Hospital, 2013.

INTRODUCTION Improving the lifestyle of infertile couples led to the preservation of their performance, increase their quality of life, and reduce health cost. So, the aims of this study were to determine the health-promoting lifestyle and its predictors among infertile couples. METHODS In a cross-sectional, analytical study 322 infertile couples referred to an infertility clinic in Tabriz was participated with convenience sampling method. The demographic and the standard Health Promoting Lifestyle-II (HPLP II) questionnaires were completed by all couples individually. For determining the demographic predictors of health-promoting lifestyle, the multivariate linear regression was used. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) score of health-promoting lifestyle in couples was 2.4 (0.4) of the achievable score ranged from 1 to 4. The highest mean score was for nutrition subscale 2.6 (0.5) in both men and women and the lowest mean score was for physical activity subscale in women 2.1(0.5) and men 2.3(0.5) and health responsibility subscale (2.3(0.5) in both men and women. Educational level, cause of infertility, adequacy of income for living expense, and living situation were predictors of health-promoting lifestyle. CONCLUSION The results showed that participants do not carry out all health-promoting behaviors, especially physical activity and health responsibility, in an acceptable level. These behaviors have an important role in improving the quality of life, health maintenance, and fertility. Thus, the provision of strategies, including those in accordance with predictors of health-promoting behaviors, is important for improving the health status of infertile couples.
Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: A conceptual analysis and quantitative review.

This article reviewed research examining the association between childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation. Prospective studies suggest that childhood cross-sex-typed behavior is strongly predictive of adult homosexual orientation for men; analogous studies for women have not been performed. Though methodologically more problematic, retrospective studies are useful in determining how many homosexual individuals displayed cross-sex behavior in childhood. The relatively large body of retrospective studies comparing childhood sex-typed behavior in homosexual and heterosexual men and women was reviewed quantitatively. Effect sizes were large for both men and women, with men's significantly larger. Future research should elaborate the causes of the association between childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation and to identify correlates of within-orientation differences in childhood sex-typed behavior.
Limited and Localized Outbreak of Newly Emergent Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in Sichuan, China

ABSTRACT From August 2011 to February 2012, an outbreak caused by type 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) occurred in Aba County, Sichuan, China. During the outbreak, four type 2 VDPVs (≥0.6% nucleotide divergence in the VP1 region relative to the Sabin 2 strain) were isolated from 3 patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and one close contact. In addition, a type 2 pre-VDPV (0.3% to 0.5% divergence from Sabin 2) that was genetically related to these type 2 VDPVs was isolated from another AFP patient. These 4 patients were all unimmunized children 0.7 to 1.1 years old. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that the 4 VDPV isolates differed from Sabin 2 by 0.7% to 1.2% in nucleotides in the VP1 region and shared 5 nucleotide substitutions with the pre-VDPV. All 5 isolates were closely related, and all were S2/S3/S2/S3 recombinants sharing common recombination crossover sites. Although the two major determinants of attenuation and temperature sensitivity phenotype of Sabin 2 (A481 in the 5′ untranslated region and Ile143 in the VP1 protein) had reverted in all 5 isolates, one VDPV (strain CHN16017) still retained the temperature sensitivity phenotype. Phylogenetic analysis of the third coding position of the complete P1 coding region suggested that the cVDPVs circulated locally for about 7 months following the initiating oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) dose. Our findings reinforce the point that cVDPVs can emerge and spread in isolated communities with immunity gaps and highlight the emergence risks of type 2 cVDPVs accompanying the trivalent OPV used. To solve this issue, it is recommended that type 2 OPV be removed from the trivalent OPV or that inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) be used instead.
Desipramine Increases Genioglossus Activity and Reduces Upper Airway Collapsibility during Non-REM Sleep in Healthy Subjects.

RATIONALE Obstructive sleep apnea is a state-dependent disease. One of the key factors that triggers upper airway collapse is decreased pharyngeal dilator muscle activity during sleep. To date, there have not been effective methods to reverse pharyngeal hypotonia pharmacologically in sleeping humans. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that administration of desipramine 200 mg prevents the state-related reduction in genioglossus activity that occurs during sleep and thereby decreases pharyngeal collapsibility. METHODS We conducted a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial with 10 healthy participants. Participants received active treatment or placebo in randomized order 2 hours before sleep in the physiology laboratory. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Genioglossus activity during wakefulness and sleep, genioglossus muscle responsiveness to negative epiglottic pressure, and upper airway collapsibility during passive and active conditions were compared between on- and off-drug states. Desipramine abolished the normal reduction of genioglossus activity from wakefulness to non-REM sleep that occurred on the placebo night. Specifically, tonic (median, 96% [86-120] vs. 75% [50-92] wakefulness; P = 0.01) but not phasic genioglossus activity was higher with desipramine compared with placebo. Upper airway collapsibility was also reduced with desipramine compared with placebo (-10.0 cm H2O [-15.2 to -5.8] vs. -8.1 cm H2O [-10.4 to -6.3]; P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Desipramine reduces the state-related drop in tonic genioglossus muscle activity that occurs from wakefulness to non-REM sleep and reduces airway collapsibility. These data provide a rationale for a new pharmacologic therapy for obstructive sleep apnea. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT02428478).
An open source SDR-based NOMA system for 5G networks

With the rapid advent of various new applications and services, the anticipated use of bandwidth and frequency resources is beyond expectation in future mobile networks. To maximize spectral efficiency, novel radio access techniques need to multiplex users in the most suitable combinations of frequency and radio resources. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of the candidate radio access techniques for improving spectral efficiency in the 5G mobile network through multiplexing users in the power domain, which has never been explored in past and current communications systems. While the concept of NOMA was proposed several years ago, the performance of NOMA has only been verified in theory but not in practice. In this article, we first introduce the state of the art in open source SDR. Due to the high flexibility and reconfigurability of open source SDR, we choose general-purpose-processor-based SDR to implement our NOMA system, which is based on an open source LTE program. Over-the-air experiments are carried out on the designed NOMA system for the purpose of performance evaluation, and to demonstrate its potential in future 5G mobile networks.
Language and speech disorders in children attending a day psychiatric programme.

Forty six children referred consecutively to a day psychiatric programme were assessed for speech and language deficits. Thirty three (71.7%) of them presented speech and/or language impairment requiring individual therapy. the study confirmed previous reports on the frequent association between speech and language deficits and psychiatric disorders in children. It is argued that the role of the speech-language pathologist in child psychiatric services needs redefining.
Prevalence of contact allergy to non‐disperse azo dyes for natural fibers: a study in 1814 consecutive patients

5 non‐disperse azo dyes, used for colouring natural fibers, were added to the standard patch test series, as 5% pet. Preparations, 1814 consecutive patients attending the patch test clinic were patch tested, of whom 16 (0.88%) reacted to the newly added dyes: 8 to Direct Orange 34. 5 to Acid Yellow 61. 2 to Acid Red 359 and 1 to Acid Red 118. On the basis of clinical history and results of patch tests with pieces of rubrics, contact sensitization to non‐disperse azo dyes seemed to be related to the appearance of skin lesions at least in 8 subjects. We conclude that systematic exploration of the sensitizing potential of textile dyes, selected after careful investigation, can provide additional information on the frequency of occurrence of textile dye dermatitis, supporting individual investigation in sensitized subjects.
Contributions of Liver Perfusion Flow Rate and Enzyme Inhibition to Altered Verapamil Clearance With Halothane: A Study in the Isolated Perfused Rat Liver

Verapamil clearance is reduced during halothane administration. This study evaluated relative contributions of reduced hepatic flow rate and hepatic metabolizing enzyme inhibition by halothane as a cause of reduced verapamil clearance. An isolated perfused rat liver model was utilized in which flow rate could be fixed during halothane administration. Perfusions were performed on five to six livers under each of the following conditions: (a) control—40 mL/min flow rate with no anesthetic exposure; (b) 1.5% halothane—40 mL/min; (c) 2.25% halothane—40 mL/min; (d) reduced flow—20 mL/min with no anesthetic exposure; and (e) reduced flow with 1.5% halothane20 mL/min.Halothane caused dose-dependent decreases in both total hepatic and intrinsic clearance rates (P < 0.05). With no anesthetic exposure, a flow reduction of 50% (20 mL/min) also gave a large reduction (P < 0.05) in hepatic clearance of verapamil compared with the control condition (40 mL/min). The addition of 1.5% halothane to the reduced flow condition was not associated with further reduction in hepatic clearance rate. Results of this study suggest that although both reduced hepatic perfusion and hepatic enzymatic inhibition by halothane administration are associated with decreased verapamil clearance, a greater proportion of this decrease appears to be due to reductions in hepatic flow. The present results may apply to other drugs used in anesthesia that have high hepatic extraction ratios; thus, clearance of these drugs may be more dependent on hepatic blood flow than on hepatic enzyme activity.
Bagor ‐A late mesolithic settlement in north‐west India

Abstract The paper reviews the results of recent excavations at Bagor, a late mesolithic settlement in south Rajasthan which was occupied regularly for a period of five millennia immediately before Christ. The earliest settlers at the site had a highly evolved geometric microlithic industry and an economy based on hunting and stock‐raising. About the middle of the third millennium B.c. they acquired the knowledge of copper or bronze tools and of making hand‐made pottery. At this stage contacts developed with the earliest village farming cultures in Mewar and Malwa and with the urban Harappa Culture of north‐west India. Finally in the middle of the first millennium b.c. iron and wheel‐made pottery were introduced. Although stone tools continued in use their place in technology declined, as did the role of hunting in favour of animal husbandry. Bagor provides important evidence of the process whereby primitive hunting and stone‐using cultures were slowly incorporated into metal‐using and food producing econ.
Rude and Inappropriate: The Role of Self-Control in Following Social Norms

Following social norms to avoid deviant or socially inappropriate behavior may require self-control. This was tested in two experiments that experimentally manipulated individuals’ level of self-control strength. In the first experiment, individuals whose self-control capacity was depleted were more likely to misrepresent how many problems they solved and work after being told to stop while working on a timed test. These same results were found in individuals low in trait self-control. This was especially true when the certainty of getting caught was low. In the second experiment, depleted individuals were ruder to the experimenter than nondepleted participants. The results have implications for understanding how self-control contributes to normative behavior.
Knowledge and awareness of female sex workers towards human papillomavirus infection in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and awareness of female sex workers (FSWs) about human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Turkey. METHODS 239 brothel-based FSWs were recruited for an interview. A questionnaire was completed by face to face interview. The demographic features, the level of knowledge, and awareness about HPV infection of the participants were recorded. RESULTS A total of 152 (63.6%) were over 30 years of age, and 210 (87.9%) completed primary education. 122 FSWs (50.9%) were using condom, and about one third had high frequency of sexual contacts. Knowledge scores were < OR =4 in 181 (75.7%) FSWs. Low education and higher age group were not significant predictors of low knowledge scores. Low education was not an independent risk factor for awareness but higher age group participants were significantly less aware of risks associated with HPV infection (p = 0.019) although overall score was very poor (0.60 +/- 0.68). CONCLUSIONS The knowledge and awareness about HPV infection and its possible consequences (cervical cancer) as well as the utility of screening methods among FSWs in Turkey are extremely poor. HPV-focused educational programmes for targeted populations, e.g. FSWs and young adults prior to their sexual activity, should be launched urgently to increase awareness of the risks associated with HPV infection and thus reducing the incidence of cervical cancer in Turkey in the future.
Toxicological Study of the Anam River in Otuocha, Anambra State, Nigeria

The authors studied the quality of water and soil samples from the Anam River in Nigeria. Using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, they analyzed levels of lead, cadmium, copper, and nickel. They also analyzed sulfates, nitrates, biological oxygen demand, total hardness, total dissolved solids, pH values, electrical conductivity, chloride, and salinity. The ranges of detected metals were 0.002-0.005 mg/L for cadmium, 0.008-0.016 mg/L for lead, and 0.580-1.345 mg/L for copper. In the soil samples, the authors detected cadmium (0.07-3.45 ppm), copper (4.38-13.54 ppm), lead (0.59-7.34 ppm), and nickel (0.36-5.64 ppm). The mean values of the chemical parameters were 11.34 ± 1.20 mg/L for total hardness, 4.43 ± 1.54 mg/L for biological oxygen demand, 20.00 ± 0.00 mg/L for total dissolved solids, and 0.22 ± 0.05 mg/L for nitrates. Chloride, salinity, electrical conductivity, and pH values were 8.00 ± 1.73 mg/L, 14.44 ± 3.13 mg/L, 19.33 ± 0.67 μs cm-L, and 7.09 ± 0.05, respectively. The World Health Organization guidelines for the parameters in soil were exceeded.
Modified cretan Mediterranean diet in the prevention of coronary heart disease and cancer: An update.

Prospective studies of the epidemiology of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cancer have shown that mortality from these diseases differs greatly among populations and that at least some of the differences are associated with differences in dietary habits [1, 2]. Mediterranean populations, for instance, are protected from CHD and certain cancers, and the particular composition of the Mediterranean (Med) diet has been put forth to explain this [3–5]. However, epidemiological studies only provide associations between the risk factors and clinical endpoints, not causal relationships. Several confounding factors may play a part in the associations. The economic situation and the presence or absence of extended social support systems have been proposed to explain the low prevalence of CHD in some Mediterranean countries. Although an effect of these factors cannot be totally excluded, data from Albania, where a low CHD rate was associated until recently with economic misery and modest health services, do not agree with this possibility [6, 7].
Contrast-enhanced MR imaging in acute lumbar radiculopathy: a pilot study of the natural history.

PURPOSE To prospectively study clinical findings and contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images over time in patients with acute lumbar radiculopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients underwent physical examination and MR imaging at presentation, 6 weeks, and 6 months. Initial symptoms and clinical course were correlated with type, size, location, and enhancement of disk herniations. RESULTS Eighteen patients had a herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) at one or more levels, two had synovial cysts and stenosis, and five had normal findings. Patients with an HNP had marginally more severe neurologic symptoms than did patients without an HNP (P = .07) at presentation. Twenty-two patients completed the 6-week examinations and 14 patients the 6-month examinations; three patients were eliminated from the study after surgical treatment. Among HNPs larger than 6 mm, substantial reduction in size was noted in 36% at 6 weeks and in more than 60% at 6 months after presentation. CONCLUSION Agreement between clinical and MR findings for level and side of HNP and radicular symptoms was excellent. There was no correlation of pain and disability with disk size, behavior, or type.