Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decoding semantic representations during production of minimal adjective-noun phrases

Through linguistic abilities, our brain can comprehend and produce an infinite number of new sentences constructed from a finite set of words. Although recent research has uncovered the neural representation of semantics during comprehension of isolated words or adjective-noun phrases, the neural representation of the words during utterance planning is less understood. We apply existing machine learning methods to Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data recorded during a picture naming experiment, and predict the semantic properties of uttered words before they are said. We explore the representation of concepts over time, under controlled tasks, with varying compositional requirements. Our results imply that there is enough information in brain activity recorded by MEG to decode the semantic properties of the words during utterance planning. Also, we observe a gradual improvement in the semantic decoding of the first uttered word, as the participant is about to say it. Finally, we show that, compared to non-compositional tasks, planning to compose an adjective-noun phrase is associated with an enhanced and sustained representation of the noun. Our results on the neural mechanisms of basic compositional structures are a small step towards the theory of language in the brain.
Community pharmacists' contribution to public health: assessing the global evidence base

In the UK, community pharmacies are more accessible to the general population than general practices. Therefore, government white papers and briefing documents from pharmacy professional bodies have advocated the expansion of the role of community pharmacists, particularly in relation to the provision of services that contribute to disease prevention and health improvement. It is unknown whether the same evidence exists globally for the expansion of these roles. This article attempts to appraise and summarise the global evidence for the public health roles that community pharmacists play. Barriers, as well as strategies that can enhance these roles, are also discussed. Electronic databases were searched to retrieve relevant literature published since 1 January 2000. The selected literature included 2 meta-analyses, 7 literature reviews, 23 interventional studies and 41 descriptive studies. These were assessed according to health topics (i.e. smoking cessation, weight management, health promotion, disease screening and preventive activities, vaccination and immunisation, alcohol dependence advice and drug misuse, emergency hormonal contraception, and sexual health services). The effectiveness of community pharmacy-based public health interventions was shown in smoking cessation, health promotion, disease screening and preventive activities, provision of emergency hormonal contraceptive, and vaccination services. Although there was mixed evidence with respect to weight management and alcohol dependence advice interventions, the available data suggest feasibility and acceptability of these services due to the perceived ease of access and convenience.
Paraquat Phytotoxicity, Absorption, and Translocation in Peanut and Selected Weeds as Influenced by Chloramben

The interaction of chloramben and paraquat on weed control and crop safety in peanuts was examined in a series of experiments. Greenhouse experiments revealed that chloramben was antagonistic toward paraquat on sicklepod and peanut, which are species tolerant to chloramben and sensitive to paraquat Control of Florida beggarweed, a species sensitive to both herbicides, was generally improved with tank mixtures. Similar results were obtained in field studies. Antagonism obtained with tank-mixing chloramben plus paraquat was also obtained by applying chloramben prior to paraquat Studies with 14C-labeled herbicides on Florida beggarweed revealed that chloramben inhibited foliar penetration of paraquat, but paraquat had no effect on foliar penetration of chloramben.
Muscle biopsy — a practical approach

In this age of modern era, the use of internet must be maximized. Yeah, internet will help us very much not only for important thing but also for daily activities. Many people now, from any level can use internet. The sources of internet connection can also be enjoyed in many places. As one of the benefits is to get the on-line muscle biopsy a practical approach book, as the world window, as many people suggest.
Scaling laws for sub-nanosecond breakdown in gases with pressures below one atmosphere

With a RADAN 303 A pulser (risetime 150 ps, maximum voltage 150 kV into matched load), fast breakdown in argon and air is investigated. An oil-filled coaxial transmission line is coupled with a lens to a biconical section and a radial millimeter size gap operated at sub-atmospheric pressure. On the other side of the gap, the arrangement is symmetrically continued to represent a matched load. Pulse risetime at the gap is increased to about 180 ps. With capacitive dividers the voltage across the transmission line separating incident and reflected pulses is measured, which allows to determine voltage across and current through the gap. Temporal resolution is defined by the digitizer (20 Gs/s, 6 GHz). Breakdown usually happens during the rising part of the applied voltage pulse. Breakdown curves, i.e. breakdown voltage or time-to-breakdown vs. pressure, have been measured for different applied dV/dt’s (from 2x1014V/s to 8x1014 V/s) and they resemble Paschen curves with a steep increase toward low pressure, and a slow increase toward high pressure. The major findings, such as shifts of the minimum formative time toward increasing pressure with increasing dV/dt, are discussed in terms of similarity laws. Discharges for this case are characterized by runaway electrons over much of the pressure range, with a strong excitation and ionization layer at the cathode surface, and “free-fall” conditions with negligible gaseous ionization for the rest of the gap. Monte-Carlo simulations for the initial stage of the discharge are expected to confirm and quantify the experimental findings.
Demonstration of Combined Spray and Evaporative Cooling of an Electromagnetic Railgun

Spray cooling with high-speed airflow down the bore of an electromagnetic (EM) railgun has the potential for effective cooling, while the airflow limits the amount of water present in the bore at the end of the cooling period. An experimental study was conducted to measure the convective heat transfer coefficient under the proposed conditions at a representative scale. A transient experiment was conducted using a copper bar with a cross section of 135 mm times 60 mm. The temperature response of thermocouples embedded in the copper bar was used to determine the heat transfer coefficient. Results are presented showing the influence of nozzle pressure and air velocity on the heat transfer coefficient. The electrical resistance was also measured across the bore in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the air velocity in removing the water spray. Finally, a numerical study was conducted to show that the heat transfer coefficients obtained could effectively cool a large-scale EM railgun.
Current Density Scaling Expressions for a Bipolar Space-Charge-Limited Cylindrical Diode

Exact analytical solutions for the currents in a bipolar space-charge-limited (SCL) diode in cylindrical geometry do not exist. Expressions for the electron and ion current densities as functions of the diode cathode and anode radii and the applied voltage are developed and fit to numerical solutions. The results are provided for nonrelativistic and relativistic electrons. These provide scaling relations for the diode, which were not previously available. They also converge to known planar diode expressions in the appropriate limit. The relativistic scaling relations are then combined with nonrelativistic results using a fit function technique to provide a general expression for the current densities valid for all values of the diode voltage. The results are presented for both negative and positive polarities. For completeness, single-species SCL flow results in cylindrical geometry are also developed using the same techniques presented here for bipolar SCL flow and are included in the Appendix.
“A matter of trust”: Perception of morality increases willingness to help through positive emotions

Moroccans are still the lowest rated immigrants in Spain. This research analyses the relationships between different dimensions of stereotypes (i.e., morality, sociability, and competence), positive emotions, and facilitation behavioural tendencies between Spaniards and Moroccans. Specifically, this work aims to explore whether the three stereotype dimensions play distinct roles in predicting helping behavioural tendencies through emotions, with a focus on the distinctive role of morality. Three studies are presented. In Study 1, Spanish adolescents assessed Moroccan immigrants. Study 2 considered the minority perspective by analysing Moroccans’ stereotypes, emotions, and behavioural tendencies toward Spaniards. Study 3 experimentally tested the effect of the stereotype dimensions on positive emotions and facilitation behavioural tendencies in a sample of Spaniards. The results showed a consistent pattern: perceived morality always indirectly predicted facilitation behavioural tendencies through positive emotions, regardless of the perspective analysed (i.e., majority/minority), age of participants (i.e., adults/adolescents), or design (i.e., correlational/experimental).
Framing climate change as national security: a survey-experiment on climate change perceptions.

v LIST OF FIGURES.vii LIST OF TABLES.viii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.1 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW.4 CHAPTER III: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS.14 CHAPTER IV: DESIGN AND METHOD.19 CHAPTER V: DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS.25 CHAPTER VI: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION.46 REFERENCES.54 APPENDIX.57 CURRICULUM VITAE.67
Elevated temperature irradiation at high dose rate of commercial linear bipolar ICs

The effect of high temperature irradiations has been investigated on four types of commercial linear bipolar integrated circuits (ICs) at eight temperatures ranging from 25/spl deg/C to 150/spl deg/C for different total doses at a given dose rate. In agreement with results obtained for individual bipolar transistors, the results show that an optimum irradiation temperature exists that leads to a maximum amount of degradation. Results are compared to low dose rate (LDR) irradiations for ICs with npn and pnp input transistors.
RF backplane for MTCA.4 based LLRF control system

Low-Level RF (LLRF) control systems developed for linear accelerator based Free Electron Lasers (FEL) require real-time processing of thousands RF signals with very challenging RF field detection precision. To provide a reliable, maintainable and scalable system a new generation of LLRF control based on MTCA.4 architecture was started at DESY for the FLASH and European-XFEL facilities. In contrast to previous RF control systems realized in 19" modules, we could demonstrate field detection, RF generation, RF distribution, DAQ system and the high-speed real-time processing entirely embedded in the MTCA.4 crate system. This unique scheme embeds ultra-high precision analog electronics for detection on the Rear Transition Module (RTM) with powerful digital processing units on the Advanced Mezzanine Card (AMC). To increase system reliability, maintainability and reduce performance limitations arising through RF cabling, we developed and embedded in the MTCA.4 crate a unique RF Backplane for RTM cards. This backplane is used for distribution of high-performance Local Oscillator (LO), RF and low-jitter clock signals together with low-noise analog power supply to analog RTM cards in the system. In this paper we present the design and architecture of the MTCA.4 crate with the RF Backplane and successful test results of the LLRF control system.
TCAD calibration for Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell simulation

We present a TCAD simulation deck for Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells that is calibrated to data from the best reported experimental device structure: the wherewithal for future predictive device modeling. The calibration is performed by matching the experimental external quantum efficiency (EQE) and current density vs. voltage (J-V) characteristics with those obtained from combined optical and electrical simulations. We find that using theoretically calculated extinction coefficient (k) values in the simulation leads to large discrepancy with experiment; on the other hand, experimentally measured k-values for bulk CZTS need only modest modification (at near-bandgap) in order to be able to fit the EQE data for the device-structured CZTS that we have here.
Environment, climate and tree growth relationships at the western Canadian Arctic treeline.

The latitudinal forest-tundra ecotone is an area that is experiencing substantial changes with respect to tree growth and climate change. We examined the response of radial tree growth to climate in adjacent regions of northern Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada, across environmental and spatial gradients using dendrochronological methods. Principal components analysis was used to derive the primary modes of variation in the tree-ring records, which were subsequently attributed to environmental and climatic features. We found that slope gradient (small spatial scales) and ecoregional classification (larger spatial scales) played substantial roles in determining the response of tree growth to climate. Climate correlations were found for current and previous years to growth, many of which challenge currently held assumptions regarding the dominant climatic determinants of tree growth at high latitudes. These findings indicate that Arctic forest environments are highly complex, and that expected changes in the biosphere will occur at various rates, times and places. --P. ii.
Requirements for a modern PQ and DFR monitoring system: PQ monitoring case study in Portugal

There are many manufacturers around the world providing power quality (PQ) monitoring and digital fault recording (DFR) solutions. Different monitoring requirements, monitoring practices, and new standardization make for a diverse range of available solutions. The first section of the paper will summarize the requirements and challenges of a modern PQ and DFR monitoring system. The second section will be a case study about the Qualitrol and Qenergia' systems implemented in Portugal, particularly at EDP and REN; it will show what has been done. Until IEC 61000-4-30 [1] was introduced in 2003 many power quality parameters were not well defined leading to situations where different instruments produced different results. In 2008 Edition 2 was introduced and Edition 3 is now in progress. As well as considering 61000-4-30, this paper will summarize the key requirements of the new upcoming IEC 62586 [2] product standard for power quality monitoring devices. In the second section of the paper we will present how to manage grid measuring points whose characteristics change over time, rather than just manage a fleet of measuring instruments. We will discuss the way to make compatible different types of measurement devices, access different data sources, handle the standards changes both in the limit values and in the way values are calculated and validate PQ and event data. Different ways of representing power quality information will also be addressed. Presenting information and not just raw data from the monitoring system is essential for efficient management of reports for regulatory and third party use. The Qualitrol and Qenergia's systems at EDP and REN have been developed to suit existing communication infra structure, automatic and manual data retrieval and integrate in a single software analysis package, in a multi-vendor way, already existing older PQ devices together with new instruments. Combining PQ and DFR data also leads to efficiencies when collecting and analyzing results.
Efficacy of a Sexual Assault Resistance Program for University Women.

n engl j med 373;14 nejm.org october 1, 2015 1375 significance of results, but that would represent a high proportion of patients (almost 40% of the 13 deaths at 90 days in the high-flow–oxygen group). Our results are in keeping with those of recent studies showing benefits of high-flow oxygen.2,3 Another large trial is probably needed to confirm these results, but we believe that they raise questions about the use of noninvasive ventilation. The study by Stéphan et al. mentioned by Shein and Remy is definitely not comparable with ours, given that noninvasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen was applied to resolve or prevent acute respiratory failure in postoperative patients with markedly lower intubation rates and lower mortality than critically ill patients.3 With regard to blood pressure, heart rate, and pH after initiation of noninvasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen, no significant difference was found within the first 12 hours. Sehgal et al. question the duration of invasive ventilation of 8 hours; this does not seem suboptimal according to the literature. Moreover, because half the patients required intubation, the duration of noninvasive ventilation on the day of intubation is probably underestimated. Patients in the noninvasive-ventilation group received high-flow oxygen between sessions of noninvasive ventilation, highlighting the deleterious effects of noninvasive ventilation as compared with the use of high-flow oxygen alone. Thus, it seems unlikely that a longer duration of noninvasive ventilation would improve outcomes. We agree that positive end-expiratory pressure maintained by high-flow oxygen is relatively low.4 However, other potential beneficial effects related to heated humidification and a high flow of fresh gas lead to reductions in respiratory discomfort, dyspnea, and the respiratory rate. Jean-Pierre Frat, M.D.
Prevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidase in adults with type 1 diabetes participating in Poznań Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (DM 1) is frequently associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). Screening for AITD in adults is rarely performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and thyroid function and their association with metabolic control in adults participating in Poznan Prospective Study (PoProStu). MATERIAL AND METHODS The analysis included 74 patients (26 women and 48 men) aged 38.5 (IQR: 34.5-42.5), who have had diabetes for 15.0 (14-16) years. All patients have been treated with intensive functional insulin therapy (IFIT) from the onset of the disease. Anti-TPO and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined. The concentration of anti-TPO ≥ 5.61 IU/mL was considered positive. Based on the levels of anti-TPO the patients were divided into two groups: anti-TPO positive and anti-TPO negative. Metabolic control was assessed by the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c). RESULTS Anti-TPO was positive in 32 (43.2%) patients. Prevalence of autoantibodies was significantly higher in women (53% vs 21%; p = 0.009). There was no significant difference in HbA 1c levels [median (IQR): 7.6% (7.1-8.6) vs 7.6% (7.1-8.8); p = 0.82] and TSH levels [median (IQR): 2.05 µIU/mL (1.23-3.15) vs 1.62 µIU/mL (1.00-2.10); p = 0.06] between anti-TPO positive and negative patients. After excluding patients with a thyroid dysfunction, a significant difference in TSH levels between anti-TPO positive and negative group was found [median (IQR): 2.11 µIU/mL (1.29-3.31) vs 1.66 µIU/mL (1.29-3.31); p = 0.04]. CONCLUSIONS High anti-TPO prevalence is found in adult patients with long-standing DM 1, and autoantibodies occur more often in women. Therefore, screening for asymptomatic thyroid dysfunction should be performed in this group, as already recommended by the joint statement of Polish Society of Endocrinology and Diabetes Poland.
“No” for the allogeneic stem cell transplantation in young patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is considered the standard of care in younger patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). However, despite an increase in the number of sustained responses, MM remains an incu­rable disease. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) may have a curative potential resulting from induction of graft-versus-myeloma effect, but several factors limit its implementation in routine clinical practice. Myeloablative conditioning is associated with high (> 30%) treatment-related mortality (TRM), primarily due to graft-versus-host disease and infections, while the use of reduced-intensity conditioning increases the risk of relapse and disease progression, and also results in an unacceptably high TRM (21–23%). Auto/allotransplantation is not superior to tandem ASCT in terms of progression-free survival and overall survival, even in high-risk MM patients. The majority of younger patients may achieve sustained remissions after novel agents and ASCT, and nowadays alloSCT should be considered mainly in the context of clinical trials.
A comprehensive study of the impacts of PHEVs on residential distribution networks

Summary form only given. This paper presents the development of a probabilistic benchmark for assessing the impacts of the uncontrolled charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) on residential distribution networks. Unlike previous research, which adopted several assumptions and approximations, this paper analyzes available load and transportation data to extract probability distribution functions describing different uncertainties characterizing the charging process. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is utilized to handle these uncertainties and to predict the anticipated impacts of PHEVs on a representative test network. Finally, conclusions are drawn to assist utilities in integrating PHEVs into their networks.
Impact of dynamic behavior of photovoltaic power generation systems on short-term voltage stability

In this study, we investigate the impact of the dynamic behavior of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems on short-term voltage stability of the transmission system. First, the impact of the fault ride-through capability of a PV model is studied by setting several recovery speeds of the active current output when the operation of the PV system is interrupted because of a voltage sag. The results are analyzed by using transient P-V curves and a stability boundary, which has been proposed in our previous research. Further, we show that the installation of PVs severely impairs the short-term voltage stability if the PVs shut off after a voltage sag, and its recovery speed is low. Next, two countermeasures to control short-term voltage instability phenomena are tested. One is the operation of the PV system at a leading power factor in the normal state, and the other is the dynamic reactive power control by the inverters of the PV system after a voltage sag. Numerical examples are carried out for a one-load infinite-bus power system and a five-machine five-load power system. The results show that these countermeasures can play a substantial role in preventing the voltage instability phenomena caused when a PV system is suddenly interrupted because of a fault.