Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Music to reduce pain and distress in the pediatric emergency department: a randomized clinical trial.

IMPORTANCE Many medical procedures aimed at helping children cause them pain and distress, which can have long-lasting negative effects. Music is a form of distraction that may alleviate some of the pain and distress experienced by children while undergoing medical procedures. OBJECTIVE To compare music with standard care to manage pain and distress. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized clinical trial conducted in a pediatric emergency department with appropriate sequence generation and adequate allocation concealment from January 1, 2009, to March 31, 2010. Individuals assessing the primary outcome were blind to treatment allocation. A total of 42 children aged 3 to 11 years undergoing intravenous placement were included. INTERVENTIONS Music (recordings selected by a music therapist via ambient speakers) vs standard care. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was behavioral distress assessed blinded using the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised. The secondary outcomes included child-reported pain, heart rate, parent and health care provider satisfaction, ease of performing the procedure, and parental anxiety. RESULTS With or without controlling for potential confounders, we found no significant difference in the change in behavioral distress from before the procedure to immediately after the procedure. When children who had no distress during the procedure were removed from the analysis, there was a significantly less increase in distress for the music group (standard care group = 2.2 vs music group = 1.1, P < .05). Pain scores among children in the standard care group increased by 2 points, while they remained the same in the music group (P = .04); the difference was considered clinically important. The pattern of parent satisfaction with the management of children's pain was different between groups, although not statistically significant (P = .07). Health care providers reported that it was easier to perform the procedure for children in the music group (76% very easy) vs the standard care group (38% very easy) (P = .03). Health care providers were more satisfied with the intravenous placement in the music group (86% very satisfied) compared with the standard care group (48%) (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Music may have a positive impact on pain and distress for children undergoing intravenous placement. Benefits were also observed for the parents and health care providers. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00761033.
The HspR regulon of Streptomyces coelicolor: a role for the DnaK chaperone as a transcriptional co‐repressor†

The dnaK operon of Streptomyces coelicolor encodes the DnaK chaperone machine and HspR, the transcriptional repressor of the operon; HspR confers repression by binding to several inverted repeat sequences in the promoter region, dnaKp. Here, we demonstrate that HspR specifically requires the presence of DnaK protein to retard a dnaKp fragment in gel‐shift assays. This requirement is independent of the co‐chaperones, DnaJ and GrpE, and it is ATP independent. Furthermore the retarded protein–DNA complex can be ‘supershifted’ by anti‐DnaK monoclonal antibody, demonstrating that DnaK forms an integral component of the complex. It was shown in DNase I footprinting experiments that refolding and specific binding of HspR to its DNA target does not require DnaK. We conclude that the formation of the stable DnaK–HspR–DNA ternary complex does not depend on the chaperoning activity of DnaK. In affinity chromatography experiments using whole‐cell extracts, DnaK was shown to co‐purify with HspR, providing additional evidence that the two proteins interact in vivo; it was not possible to purify HspR away from DnaK in any experiments unless a powerful denaturant was used. The level of heat shock induction of chromosomal DnaK could be partially suppressed by expressing dnaK extrachromosomally from a heterologous promoter. In addition, it is shown that DnaK confers enhanced HspR‐mediated repression of transcription in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that DnaK functions as a transcriptional co‐repressor by binding to HspR at its operator sites. In this model, the DnaK–HspR system would represent a novel example of feedback regulation of gene expression by a molecular chaperone, in which DnaK directly activates a repressor, rather than inactivates an activator (as is the case in the DnaK–σ32 and Hsp70–HSF systems of other organisms).
Securities : A Note on Pareto Dominance and the Second Best *

A unified analysis is provided of two related problems: the first concerns the welfare impact of changing the set of tradeable securities in an incomplete market economy. The second concerns the welfare implications of changing the common information structure faced by all agents. Both problems arise from a common second-best framework in which expanding the set of trading opportunities can lead to a Pareto worsening. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: 026. ,rl 1987 Academic Press. Inc.
Ridge dimensional changes following single-tooth extraction in the aesthetic zone.

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to investigate the magnitude of the dimensional changes following extraction of a single tooth in the aesthetic zone over a 6- to 8-week healing period and to examine the degree and pattern of resorption of the buccal bone plate during this time frame. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty subjects who were to have a single tooth in the aesthetic zone extracted and replaced by an implant after a 6-8 week healing period were selected for this study. Hard and soft tissue measurements of the extraction site were obtained pre-extraction and were repeated 6-8 weeks post-extraction at defined points using a key. RESULTS After a 6- to 8-week healing period, the total ridge thickness in the crestal midline reduced by 15% of the original value. The buccal plate resorbed in an "inverted V shape". Forty-two percentage of subjects had lost 4 mm or more of buccal bone in the midpoint of the extraction socket. DISCUSSION After a 6- to 8-week healing period post-extraction, there were significant reductions in the hard and soft tissue dimensions of the ridge, most notably on the most coronal mid-buccal aspect. All implants placed required simultaneous augmentation as a result.
An experimental study of the termination of the lateral geniculo–cortical pathway in the cat and monkey

The thalamic projection to the visual cortex has been studied in the cat and monkey by experimental light and electron microscopic techniques. After large lesions of the lateral geniculate nucleus degeneration is confined to the ipsilateral hemisphere. In the cat it is found in areas 17, 18 and 19 and in the lateral suprasylvian area, terminal degeneration occurring predominantly in layer IV, with less in layers I, III and V ; fibre degeneration crossing layers VI and V towards layer IV is coarser in area 18 than elsewhere. Some fine horizontal degenerating fibres are seen in layer I. In the monkey terminal degeneration is restricted to area 17; again degenerating fibres ascend to layer IV where there is dense fragmentation, but in contrast to the cat there is also a second, less dense, but distinct, band in layer Illb. A little fine, horizontal fibre degeneration is present in layer I and there is slight terminal degeneration in this site and in layer V. Electron microscopy shows that degenerating terminals are recognizable in the visual cortex at several stages according to survival period, but that most stages can exist simultaneously in any one site, and that all are associated with asymmetrical membrane thickenings. Mapping of electron microscopic sections confirms the laminar pattern seen with the light microscope. In area 17 of the cat and monkey and in area 19 of the cat over 80% of degenerating terminals end on dendritic spines, the rest making synaptic contact mainly with dendritic shafts, and very few with the soma of stellate cells, but in area 18 some 10 % are related to stellate cell bodies. In layer IV of all areas degenerating terminals tend to occur in clusters which are separated by approximately 100 μm. Where degenerating thalamic afferents end on cell somata or varicose dendrites almost all are identifiable as derived from stellate cells. Although it is difficult to identify positively the parent dendrites bearing the spines which receive the majority of the thalamo-cortical afferents, it is suggested that some, at least, of them may also originate from stellate cells.
Effects of a 1-Year Residency Program on Job Satisfaction and Retention of New Graduate Nurses

Residency programs, first reported in the literature in the 1980s, are of documented value for the successful training of a graduate nurse into practice. With the present nursing shortage, residency programs are regarded as an important feature in attracting and retaining the much needed new graduate. Six university hospitals pilot tested a residency program to ease new graduate transition into practice. The purpose of this study was to ascertain if a yearlong program results in increased levels of satisfaction in and retention of new graduates.
Surface Morphology Control of Passivated Porous Silicon Using Reactive Ion Etching

In this paper, reactive ion etching of porous silicon (PS) passivated using a low-temperature anneal in N2 atmosphere is studied. The average etch rates of both as-fabricated PS and passivated PS required tens of seconds to stabilize due to plasma initialization. The steady-state etch rate of our passivated PS was lower than that of the as-fabricated PS, due to the change in the surface chemistry caused by the passivation process. Depending on etch conditions, the PS surface can be made smooth or rough with features up to 600 nm in height. Feature height could be controlled via the etching time, and their composition could be changed from an oxide-rich silicon oxynitride to pure silicon, depending on the etching conditions.
WHO subvariants of indolent mastocytosis: clinical details and prognostic evaluation in 159 consecutive adults.

To the editor: The 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) proposal recognizes 2 provisional indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM) subvariants: smoldering systemic mastocytosis (SSM) and isolated bone marrow (BM) mastocytosis (BMM). [1][1] SSM is characterized by a high burden of mast cells (MCs; [Table
DETECTION OF CAMPYLOBACTER USING STANDARD CULTURE AND PCR OF 16 S rRNA GENE IN FRESHLY CHILLED POULTRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS IN A SLAUGHTERHOUSE

The present study provides data on contamination level with Campylobacter in poultry and poultry products after air chilling. Using cell culture and PCR we detected Campylobacter in the following proportion of chicken samples studied: 38.3% and 40.8%, respectively. Campylobacter contamination occurred highest in liver samples (53.3%), followed by the skin (46.6%), tight (36.6%) and breast (16.6%) samples in that order. C. jejuni (65.2%) was the most frequently isolated species, whereas C. coli, C. fetus and C. upsaliensis were isolated in 30.4%, 2.2%, and 2.2%. , respectively. C. jejuni ssp. doylei (60%) was most commonly found subspecies of C. jejuni.
Noradrenaline up‐regulates the neuronal and the inducible nitric oxide synthase isoforms in magnocellular neurons of rat brain slices

Nitric oxide (NO) and noradrenaline (NA) are suggested to be implicated in the regulation of neuropeptide secretion in the supraoptic nuclei (SON) and the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Our study demonstrates short‐term interactions between NA and the activity and expression of NO synthase (NOS) in magnocellular neurons, by using an ex vivo model of hypothalamic slices. In the SON as well as in the PVN, total NOS activity exhibited a time‐dependant increase after an incubation with NA. In the SON, this increase of total NOS activity was in part the consequence of stimulation of the iNOS activity. Coimmunodetections showed that cells expressing the inducible form of NOS were not astrocytes but magnocellular neurons. Steady‐state levels of iNOS and nNOS mRNA were dramatically enhanced by NA, particularly in the SON. Consequently, we provide new evidence that iNOS could play an important role in multiple physiological functions, including extracellular fluid balance, lactation, and parturition. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A computational method to calculate the transmit-receive mode echo responses from targets of complex geometry [ultrasonic nondestructive testing applications]

In this paper a 3D computational method is proposed to calculate the echo responses from finite-sized targets of complex geometry. It can predict the form of the echo response from the target, considering mode conversion at the reflector surface. The model was compared to other modeling tools, and excellent agreement between our results and those of the others were found. Moreover, experimental results obtained using broadband transducers together with, for instance, plane and cylindrical concave rectangular reflectors in a water medium were compared to the theoretical results. The method can predict the measured echoes accurately.
An adaptive protection algorithm for distribution systems with distributed generation

An adaptive protection algorithm is proposed to solve protection coordination problems in distribution systems with distributed generation is proposed. The algorithm modifies relays settings on-line, using circuit breakers state as input information. At the end, it was found that even with the connection or disconnection of distributed generators (DG), distribution system continued to be protected. The IEEE 13 node test system and the Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) were used to validate the proposed algorithm.
Modulation of Macrophage Inflammatory Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) Signaling by Intracellular Cryptococcus neoformans*

Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is a common facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause life-threatening fungal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals. Shortly after infection, Cn is detectable as both extra- and intracellular yeast particles, with Cn being capable of establishing long-lasting latent infections within host macrophages. Although recent studies have shown that shed capsular polysaccharides and intact extracellular Cn can compromise macrophage function through modulation of NF-κB signaling, it is currently unclear whether intracellular Cn also affects NF-κB signaling. Utilizing live cell imaging and computational modeling, we find that extra- and intracellular Cn support distinct modes of NF-κB signaling in cultured murine macrophages. Specifically, in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages treated with extracellular glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the major Cn capsular polysaccharide, LPS-induced nuclear translocation of p65 is inhibited, whereas in cells with intracellular Cn, LPS-induced nuclear translocation of p65 is both amplified and sustained. Mathematical simulations and quantification of nascent protein expression indicate that this is a possible consequence of Cn-induced “translational interference,” impeding IκBα resynthesis. We also show that long term Cn infection induces stable nuclear localization of p65 and IκBα proteins in the absence of additional pro-inflammatory stimuli. In this case, nuclear localization of p65 is not accompanied by TNFα or inducible NOS (iNOS) expression. These results demonstrate that capsular polysaccharides and intact intracellular yeast manipulate NF-κB via multiple distinct mechanisms and provide new insights into how Cn might modulate cellular signaling at different stages of an infection.
Comparative Assessment of the Association Information Captured by SNP Tagging

Exploiting the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) can potentially reduce the costs of association mapping of common disease genes. Different methods have been proposed for deﬁning subsets of SNPs as proxies (or tagSNPs) for other SNPs, some of which rely upon a model of haplotype blocks. Other approaches only consider the pair-wise correlation between markers as a basis for selecting tagSNPs. Yet another, recently proposed model-based method takes marker heterozygosity and genetic distance into account in order to maximize the expected utility of a marker set to map frequent, but unobserved genetic variants. We compared these tagging approaches with regard to their ability to correlate tagSNPs and bi-allelic, potentially disease-causing genetic variants. We used the CEU sample of chromosome 19 from the HapMap project for an initial comparison, and demonstrated a comparable performance of both approaches but a difference in terms of tagSNPs selected and variants captured. In any case, we conclude that a considerable loss of information appears to be inherent to any type of SNP tagging, even when dense marker sets are available for SNP selection.
Treatment of inoperable carotid aneurysms with endovascular carotid occlusion after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery.

OBJECTIVE Hunterian ligation of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is an accepted treatment for inoperable carotid aneurysms. Preliminary extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery is required in some patients. The reported incidence of thromboembolic and ischemic complications remains significant for these patients, despite a variety of advocated management strategies. We present our treatment paradigm. METHODS Between April 1992 and March 1997, nine patients with inoperable ICA aneurysms were treated using EC-IC bypass surgery and then permanent endovascular ICA occlusion. All of the patients except one had been selected for bypass surgery on the basis of failing results of the ICA test occlusion with hypotensive challenge. ICA occlusion was performed by endovascular means and was delayed after bypass surgery was performed by a mean of 6 days (range, 2-20 d). All patients were managed in the intensive care unit after ICA occlusion. RESULTS Clinical improvement was noted in all patients (mean follow-up, 21 mo; range, 3-42 mo). There were no major complications. Aneurysmal thrombosis was confirmed in all patients. Although ICA occlusion was delayed after bypass surgery, only one bypass was noted to be occluded. The occluded bypass occurred in a patient who subsequently underwent successful ICA occlusion. This patient was thought to have been improperly selected for bypass surgery. CONCLUSION Certain carotid aneurysms can be effectively managed with hunterian ICA ligation. After preliminary identification of patients with borderline cerebrovascular reserve as candidates for EC-IC bypass surgery, close attention to the following points may help enhance clinical outcome: 1) excellence in surgical technique for EC-IC bypass surgery, 2) occlusion of the parent vessel as close to the aneurysm neck as possible by endovascular means, and 3) judicious postoperative combination of anticoagulation, fluid, and pressure management.
Carcinosarcoma/sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder with features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma: the role of p53 in growth of the tumor

This is a report of a case of carcinosarcoma/sarcomatoid carcinoma (CS/SC) of the urinary bladder. The patient underwent multiple excisional biopsies of the urinary bladder. Following development of multiple lung metastases, the patient died at 21 months after diagnosis. This case represents a very rare example of CS/SC of the urinary bladder with a malignant fibrous histiocytoma component that was characterized by morphologic and immunohistochemical findings, and proves that CS/SC of the urinary bladder is a very aggressive neoplasm. Analysis of the tumor indicated that different factors other than p53 may be associated with the growth of this tumor.
Active sites of O 2 -evolving chlorite dismutases probed by halides, hydroxides and new iron-ligand vibrational correlations

O 2 -evolving chlorite dismutases (Clds) fall into two subfamilies, which efficiently convert ClO 2− to O 2 and Cl − . The Cld from Dechloromonas aromatica (DaCld) represents the chlorite-decomposing homopentameric enzymes found in perchlorate and chlorate respiring bacteria. The Cld from the Gram-negative, human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpCld) is representative of the second subfamily, comprising homodimeric enzymes having truncated N-termini. Here steric and nonbonding properties of the DaCld and KpCld active sites have been probed via kinetic, thermodynamic and spectroscopic behaviors of their fluorides, chlorides and hydroxides. Cooperative Cl − binding to KpCld drives formation of a hexacoordinate, high-spin aqua heme, whereas DaCld remains pentacoordinate and high-spin under analogous conditions. Fluoride coordinates to the heme iron in KpCld and DaCld, exhibiting ν (Fe III −F) bands at 385 and 390 cm −1 , respectively. Correlation of these frequencies with their CT1 energies reveals strong H-bond-donation to the F − ligand, indicating that atoms directly coordinated to heme iron are accessible by distal H-bond donation. New vibrational frequency correlations between either ν (Fe III −F) or ν (Fe III −OH) and ν (Fe II −His) of Clds and other heme proteins are reported. These correlations orthogonalize proximal and distal effects on the bonding between iron and exogenous π -donor ligands. The axial Fe−X vibrations and the relationships between them illuminate both similarities and the structural basis of reactivity toward substrates in heme-dependent enzymes and their mechanistic intermediates, especially those containing the ferryl moiety. nonphysiological heme ligands have been developed to probe the distal landscape of the heme pocket. Here we examine ferric Cld complexes with chloride, fluoride, and hydroxide to probe the heme environments of various Clds with the goal of identifying structural elements that differentially modulate the ClO 2− -degrading activities of the two functional subfamilies. New vibrational frequency correlations between either ν (Fe III −F) or ν (Fe III −OH) and ν (Fe II −His) for the trans (proximal) His of ferric Clds and other heme proteins are reported. These correlations orthogonalize the effects of proximal and distal heme environments on the bonding between iron and exogenous π -donor ligands. The Fe-axial ligand vibrations and the relationships between them illuminate both similarities and differences in the H-bonding and electrostatic properties of the distal and proximal heme environments in pentameric and dimeric Clds.