Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wages, Inequality and Consequences for the Economy

Wages, Inequality and Consequences for the Economy Gothenburg Studies in Economic History 11 (2014) ISBN 978-91-86217-10-5 http://hdl.handle. net/2077/35271 Author: Svenja Gartner Doctoral Dissertation in Economic History at the Department of Economy and Society, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 625, SE 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden. (Written in English) Distribution: Department of Economy and Society (address as above). This dissertation consists of four research articles and an introductory chapter. The introduction gives an overview about the field of income inequality, an empirical overview of its development, a discussion of methodological issues and a summary of the four
Radionuclide concentrations and excess lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in tailing enriched soil around Maiganga coal mine, Northeast Nigeria

Background: Human ac vi es such as mining enhance the radioac vity levels above normal background which can lead to an incremental increase in the radia on risk to the popula on. Materials and Methods: 20 tailing enriched soil samples collected around Maiganga coal mine, Gombe, Northeast Nigeria were assessed for their Ra, Th and K contents using HPGe gamma-ray detector. Results: The mean ac vity values of 11.90±3.0, 17.72±3.6 and 70.44±20.4 Bq kg were obtained for Ra, Th and K respec vely. These values were below the world average values documented by UNSCEAR. The ra o of Th:Ra obtained was 1.5, which showed that Th ac vity was higher than the ac vity of Ra while K recorded the highest ac vity concentra on in the studied samples. Sta s cal analysis iden fied strong posi ve rela onships among all radiological parameters and confirmed that Ra, Th and K were the major contributors to radia on dose. Radium equivalent ac vity (Raeq), absorbed gamma dose rate (DR), annual effec ve dose (AEDE), ac vity u liza on index (AUI), external and internal hazard indices (Hex and Hin), gamma representa ve index (Iγr), annual gonadal dose (AGDE) and excess life me cancer risk (ELCR) were calculated to quan fy the radia on risk to the public from exposure to Ra, Th and K in the studied samples. The mean values of these hazard parameters were within the acceptable limits provided for human safety and environmental protec on. Conclusion: The use of the tailing enriched soil samples of Maiganga coal mine for any purpose whatsoever does not therefore pose any immediate radiological risk to the coal workers or the general public.
Effect of preoperative antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy on hemorrhagic complications in patients with traumatic brain injury undergoing craniotomy or craniectomy.

OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among the elderly, often treated with antiplatelet (AP) or anticoagulation (AC) therapy, creating new challenges in neurosurgery. In contrast to elective craniotomy, in which AP/AC therapy is mostly discontinued, in TBI usually no delay in treatment can be afforded. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of AP/AC therapy on postoperative bleeding after craniotomy/craniectomy in TBI. METHODS Postoperative bleeding rates in patients treated with AP/AC therapy (blood thinner group) and in those without AP/AC therapy (control group) were retrospectively compared. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for postoperative bleeding. Lastly, a proportional Cox regression analysis comparing postoperative bleeding events within 14 days in both groups was performed. RESULTS Of 143 consecutive patients undergoing craniotomy/craniectomy for TBI between 2012 and 2017, 47 (32.9%) were under AP/AC treatment. No significant difference for bleeding events was observed in univariate (40.4% blood thinner group vs 36.5% control group; p = 0.71) or Cox proportional regression analysis (log rank χ2 = 0.29, p = 0.59). Patients with postoperative bleeding showed a significantly higher mortality rate (p = 0.035). In the univariate analysis, hemispheric lesion, acute subdural hematoma, hematological disease, greater extent of midline shift, and pupillary difference were significantly associated with a higher risk of postoperative bleeding. However, in the multivariate regression analysis none of these factors showed a significant association with postoperative bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Patients treated with AP/AC therapy undergoing craniotomy/craniectomy due to TBI do not appear to have increased rates of postoperative bleeding. Once postoperative bleeding occurs, mortality rates rise significantly.
Examining school leadership effects on student achievement: the role of contextual challenges and constraints

Abstract The present study examined indirect effects of principal leadership on the mathematics achievement of 254,475 15-year-old students from 10,313 schools in 32 OECD economies. Results showed that the students could be divided into three categories (Disadvantaged, Average, and Privileged) differing in levels of student SES and prior achievement, parental academic expectations, and access to school resources. Results also showed that principal leadership effects accounted for a greater proportion of between-school achievement variance for Disadvantaged vis-à-vis Privileged or Average students. In particular, instructional leadership had the largest positive effect on Disadvantaged vis-à-vis other students’ achievement via the mediating variables of teacher autonomy and morale. Distributed leadership negatively affected the achievement of Disadvantaged but not other students. The negative effects of principal goal-setting were the largest while those of principal problem-solving were the smallest for Disadvantaged students. The study contributes to the literature by examining contextual influences on the leadership–achievement relationship.
An Application Approach to Kalman Filter and CT Scanners for Soil Science

Over the years, experts on soil science have brought together researchers from various fields with the aim of pooling efforts in order to characterize the properties of soils. The use of these results in agriculture through various activities can be directed towards a development whose natural resource base can be maintained in a long term. Conservation, minimization of soil pollution together with the development of irrigation and more efficient and more cost effective drainage systems optimize the efficiency of water use and nutrients in agricultural production. The soil can be preserved through management methods, which seek to prevent deterioration, induced erosion and deposition of sediments into rivers. Environment degradation can be caused naturally and by humans. The way in how to use the soil can cause degragation and excessive compression, salinisation and acidification. Several conventional techniques have been used to find answers to the various physical mechanisms and also the chemical and biological processes that occur in soils. Among those techniques are included: neutron probe, gravimetry, direct transmission of rays, plotters, microscopy and mercury intrusion, however these mechanisms have limitations. New techniques that enable an accurate prediction aim at managing the flow of contaminants through unsaturated soil zone. With the goals of acquiring non-invasive samples and reaching higher resolutions on ┛ and x-rays computerized tomography (CT) and on Nuclear Magnetic Ressonance (NMR), which provide cross-section images from the analysed objects. NMR, however, presents strong restrictions for its use in porous media that contain paramagnetic materials (Crestana & Nielsen, 1990) and, besides this, it is difficult or even impossible to quantify the results by correlating the NMR signal and the content of water. However, by means of CT it is possible to figure out a good correlation between the x-ray linear attenuation coefficients and the water content in soils. The quality of an image is one of the key requirements for its analysis and it is desirable that the reconstructed object is very close to the tested sample. The use of algorithms developed for the areas of human knowledge has grown considerably and has improved image processing for visual information analysis and human interpretation or the automatic perception of machines. In human interpretation, x-ray images are used not only in medicine, but also in geology, in archaeology, and in soil science for agricultural purposes.
Youventharan Duraisamy and David Airey

Bio-cementation is an innovative green technology that complements existing ground improvement techniques, but it is yet to be proven for large-scale foundation works. Previously attention has been focused on strategies to inject the bacteria and nutrients to produce the cement in the ground. This study looks at the performance of geomechanical response when the bacteria and nutrients are mixed in sand, an approach that is used in producing cemented soil columns. To explore the mechanical response of bio-cemented soil, results from unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests and triaxial tests have been analyzed to understand the effects of bio-cementation for sand in contrast to alternative cement, gypsum. The stiffness has also been monitored using bender element techniques in triaxial cell. Both the shear wave signals during the cementation phase and the shearing phase were recorded using this technique. The results show that for a given amount of cement, higher resistances are measured for the bio-cemented samples compared to gypsum. The mixing process is shown to produce homogeneous bio-cemented samples with higher strength and stiffness than the technique of flushing or injection commonly used, provided the amount of calcite is less than 4%. The results show that the bio-cement produces similar mechanical behavior to other artificially cemented sands.
Identification of some molecular traits in fluorescent pseudomonads with antifungal activity

We assessed a collection of 47 fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. , some with known biological control activity against certain soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi such as, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica, Pythium sp. and Fusarium sp. in vitro and the potential to produce known secondary metabolites such as, siderophore, HCN and protease. The results indicated that 66%, 40.42%, 63.82%, 48.94% and 27.65% of strains revealed antagonistic activity against R. solani, M. phaseolina, Pythium sp. , P. nicotianae and Fusarium sp. , respectively. Among the 47 strains, 76.59%, 97.87% and 17% produced protease, siderophore and HCN, respectively. In this survey, the detection of phlD and phlA genes was evaluated with a PCR-based assay. We detected phlD in strains P-5, P-32, P-47, and phlA in strains P-5, P-18, P-34 and P-35. Strain CHA0 was used as positive control for the detection of both genes. Overall, there was no obvious link between inhibition of fungal growth in vitro and production of the antifungal metabolites or existence of phlD and phlA genes. Characterization of fluorescent pseudomonads with potential to produce of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol will further enhance our knowledge of their function in the suppression of root diseases.
Shark-toothed dolphin remains (Mammalia, Cetacea, Squalodontidae) from the Early Miocene of Greece

We describe here the remains of an Early Miocene shark-toothed dolphin (Squalodontidae) from Anargyroi, Tsotilion (West Macedonia, Greece). The tooth-bearing partial skull and other bone fragments of the same individual are recognized as Squalodon cf. bellunensis DAL PIAZ, 1900. The evolution of the dentition of early odontocetes is discussed and the dental characters in the Squalodontidae are reviewed.
Scaling of the Nonlocal Spin and Baseline Resistances in Graphene Lateral Spin Valves

Graphene lateral spin valves (LSVs) are promising devices for future memory and magnetic field sensing applications. In this article, we study the dependence of the nonlocal spin resistance, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {R}_{{\text {NL}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and the baseline resistance, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{{\text {BS}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, as a function of the graphene channel width, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The scaling trend is quantitatively assessed by using graphene deposited by chemical vapor deposition, which provides a large number of devices with consistent performance. As <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is scaled from 10 to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.5~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the change in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {R}_{{\text {NL}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> matches the theory of contact-induced spin relaxation with a current spin polarization of 3%–5% and a spin diffusion length of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{s} = 1.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.5~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We also observe a systematic and dramatic decrease in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{{\text {BS}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which we attribute to the reduction in charge current spreading. However, we find in the narrowest devices that a small <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{{\text {BS}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> remains that arises due to thermoelectric effects, and this trend is confirmed using gate voltage- and charge current-dependent analyses. Finally, we introduce a nonideality factor, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m} = \vert {R}_{{\text {BS}}} / \Delta {R}_{{\text {NL}}}\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, as a figure of merit to describe the suppression of the baseline relative to the spin signal. In an LSV with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L} = {1.5}\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${W} = {0.5}\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and n-type conduction, the nonideality factor is as low as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m} = {0.0252}\,\,\pm \,\,0.0202$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at room temperature showing that nearly ideal bipolar and symmetric spin signals can be achieved in graphene LSVs.
Price of High-Quality Daycare and Female Employment

Using local variation between municipalities, I analyze the degree to which the price of high-quality publicly subsidized childcare affects female employment following maternity leave. Importantly, prices are income dependent and thus likely endogenous, yet by exploiting information on minimum income compensation during non-employment, I bypass this problem. The results show that the price negatively affects employment. A price increase of €1 per month decreases employment by 0.08%, which corresponds to a price elasticity of −0.17. These effects prevail during the first 12 months after childbirth. I also find that availability of childcare increases employment.
Effects of adding multiwall carbon nanotubes on performance of polyvinyl acetate and urea-formaldehyde adhesives in tropical timber species

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with hydroxyl groups (MWCNTs-OH) have been incorporated into polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives utilized in tropical wood gluing. The Raman spectroscopy, the atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to describe the MWCNTs-OH. The adhesives were evaluated in three concentrations of MWCNTs-OH: 0% (control), 0.05%, and 0.1%. The evaluation included color, the distribution of MWCNTs-OH by TEM and AFM, thermal stability and viscosity of the adhesives, and shear strength (SS) of the glue line for nine tropical woods. AFM and TEM confirmed interaction of MWCNTs-OH with adhesives. The viscosity of the PVAc adhesive increases with added MWCNTs-OH. The incorporation of MWCNTs-OH in PVAc and UF resin produces wood adhesives with less brightness, less yellowness, and increased redness. The nanotubes in the adhesive improved the thermal stability of the composites and increased the entropy factor and energy of activation in the kinetic decomposition of the resin. In relation to SS, MWCNTs-OH in any of the two concentrations had no significant effect on SS in dry condition in half of the species studied glued with PVAc adhesive, whereas, for UF-adhesive, the SS and percentage of wood failure improved in most of the 9 species studied.
The effects of characteristics, attitudes and perceived environment conditions on youths' entrepreneurial intent

This paper adopts Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate factors affecting youths' entrepreneurial intentions, including entrepreneurial characteristics, attitudes, and perceived environmental conditions. The result shows that entrepreneurial characteristics and attitudes directly affect intention. More specifically, entrepreneurial family background and education indirectly influence intention by impacting individuals' characteristics. Social environment indirectly impacts entrepreneurial characteristics by directly influencing family background and education. Furthermore, this empirical study has provided several implications: Higher education should involve practical case studies when offering entrepreneurship modules for the purpose of cultivating entrepreneurial characteristics and attitudes of youth students. Moreover, the government should develop a more favorable environment for entrepreneurs by creating an urban atmosphere of innovation and entrepreneurship, improving the pertinence of policy supports in social environment, guiding youth to have a correct understanding of entrepreneurship, and facilitating the transformation of entrepreneurship programs into practices.
Musculoskeletal simulations to investigate influences of muscle weakness and sensory noise to postural control with high stiffness

When elderly and young people are compared, strategy shift from ankle strategy to hip strategy occurs at smaller perturbations in the elderly. Although understanding of how the changes of humans’ body accompanying with aging cause the difference is important, experiments only are insufficient to understand it. A simulation study reported that sensory noise increase could explain the difference, but a torque-driven model was used and internal forces which contribute to postural control were not considered. The purpose of this study was to elucidate what is the main cause of the difference in strategy shift between young and elderly considering internal forces. We executed musculoskeletal simulations of postural control against a perturbation changing the conditions of muscle and sensory functions. We utilized a neural controller model with feedback control based on proprioceptive information and translated the support surface backward as a perturbation. The magnitude of internal forces was fixed to focus on postural control with high stiffness. 9 conditions (33)()
The Value Statements According to IFRS in Comparison with theFinancial Statements in Accordance with Accounting Standards

This paper compares the informative value of financial statements drawn up under IFRS and according to Czech accounting standards by using financial analysis. A particular company statements processed by both procedures: IFRS and Czech accounting standards was selected. A large group of financial ratios based on the methods of Schmallenbach’s society was selected, including indicators of profitability, activity, liquidity and solvency and then applied on selected company financial statements. It was expected that the value of the ratios calculated from the statements drown under different standards would significantly vary. The financial analysis results proved the impact of IFRS implementation on financial performance of the company. Financial statements prepared under Czech accounting standards showed the company more healthy than financial statements drown under IFRS.
IN VITRO GROWTH INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES ON HUMAN LIVER CANCER CELL LINES (Huh7)

Objective: The objective of the study was to access the anticancer activity of the biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles against Huh7 liver cancer cell lines. Methods: The study was carried in vitro using Huh7 cell lines. The ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using Luffa acutangula peel extract and subjected to characterization by X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The Huh7 cell lines were treated with ZnO NPs and done 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. For live and dead assay, the cell lines treated with ZnO NPs were subjected to acridine orange/ethidium (AO/ET) bromide assay. Results: The ZnO NPs synthesized show spherical structure with 10–20 nm size. The 50% of Huh7 proliferation were inhibited at the concentration (IC50) of 40 μg/ml. The AO/ET assay shows compact nucleus and fine cytoplasmic morphology in control cells and apoptotic stage in treated cells Conclusion: This study suggests that ZnO NPs can be prepared in environment-friendly method using aqueous extract of L. acutangula and can be used in cancer treatment effectively.
Are domestic savings and economic growth correlated? Evidence from a sample of Central and East European countries

Neo-classical model and most of the different versions of new generation growth models predict a positive effect of higher saving rate on economic growth at least in the medium term. In this paper, we investigate this hypothesis using panel data analysis for a sample of Central and East European countries. The specification tests (in particular, Hausman and Lagrange multiplier tests) revealed that optimal econometric specification of the model to be used for panel regression is given by Classical Pooled Regression model. The estimation results based on this model suggested that domestic saving rate has exerted a statistically significant effect on growth rate of GDP over the sample period. Given the likelihood of adverse effects of recent global crisis and the policy responses to it on saving and, therefore, investment rates in most countries, we discuss and recommend specific growth-enhancing policies that aim at increasing both the growth rate of total factor productivity and rate of accumulation of stock of human capital.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METABOLITES AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS EXTRACTED FROM THREE AMOMUM SUBULATUM CULTIVARS

Objective: In Sikkim (India), Seremna is a highly growing cultivar of Amomum subulatum at lower altitudes. Other popular cultivated varieties are Varlangy and Sawney in the same state but at different altitude. In this study, we evaluate the variation in essential oils, metabolites and antimicrobial activities among A. subulatum selected cultivars. Methods: The composition of essential oil of Varlangy, Seremna, and Sawney was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and comparative antimicrobial activity of oils was explored using agar well diffusion and agar dilution method. Results: The Seremna cultivar oil was shown the high content of major constituents (1,8-cineole) in comparison to others. Comparative minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimal fungicidal concentration against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), two Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) bacteria, and two (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) fungi were determined. The oil of Seremna showed distinct antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the microorganisms except B. subtilis which showed resistance. Conclusion: The present findings concluded that the high content of the principal compound accelerates the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. The essential oil of Seremna could be a good antimicrobial agent and recommended in the case of infections.