Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression pattern of Wnt signaling components in the adult intestine.

BACKGROUND & AIMS In the intestine, the canonical Wnt signaling cascade plays a crucial role in driving the proliferation of epithelial cells. Furthermore, aberrant activation of Wnt signaling is strongly associated with the development of colorectal cancer. Despite this evidence, little is known about the precise identity and localization of Wnts and their downstream effectors in the adult intestine. To address this issue, we examined the expression pattern of all Wnts, Frizzleds (Fzs), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins, Wnt antagonists, and T-cell factors in the murine small intestine and colon and adenomas. METHODS Embryonic, postnatal, and adult intestinal samples were subjected to in situ hybridization by using specific RNA probes for the various genes tested. RESULTS Our analysis showed high expression of several signaling components (including Wnt-3, Wnt-6, Wnt-9b, Frizzled 4, Frizzled 6, Frizzled 7, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5, and secreted Frizzled-related protein 5) in crypt epithelial cells. We also detected Wnt-2b, Wnt-4, Wnt-5a, Wnt-5b, Frizzled 4, and Frizzled 6 in differentiated epithelial and mesenchymal cells of the small intestine and colon. Finally, several factors (Frizzled 4, T-cell factor 1, lymphoid enhancer factor, Dickkopf 2, Dickkopf 3, and Wnt-interacting factor) displayed differential expression in normal vs neoplastic tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our study predicts a much broader role for Wnt signaling in gut development and homeostasis than was previously anticipated from available genetic studies and identifies novel factors likely involved in promoting canonical and noncanonical Wnt signals in the intestine.
Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors of Children

Two hundred and twenty cases of cerebral tumors and 8 cases of spinal cord tumors in infancy are reported. The incidence of cerebral tumors reaches its peaks at 3–4 and 6–10 years of age; as regards sex, there were 125 females and 103 males. Medulloblastomas, ependymomas and craniopharyngiomas were more frequent in boys, meningiomas and neurinomas in girls. Histologically the more frequent types were gliomas (179 cases) especially astrocytomas (83 cases); malignant medulloblastomas (50 cases) and ependymomas (26 cases) followed in order of frequency; craniopharyngiomas were observed in 15 cases and meningiomas in 9 cases. There were 74 supratentorial and 146 subtentorial localizations; the fourth ventricle was site of tumors in 46 cases. The most frequent of early symptoms was headache; sudden and projectile vomiting was also frequent, while ataxia and visual disturbances were more rare; when illness was fully developed the more frequent symptoms were reeling, papilledema, paresis of extremities and of facial nerve, nystagmus and hydrocephalus. Among the 8 cases of spinal tumors, there were 2 neurinomas, 2 dermoids, 1 ependymoma, 1 meningioma, 1 chordoma and 1 sarcoma.
Urinary markers in healthy young and aged dogs and dogs with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations only detect a decrease of > 75% of renal functional mass. Therefore, there is a need for markers that allow early detection and localization of renal damage. HYPOTHESIS Urinary albumin (uALB), C-reactive protein (uCRP), retinol binding protein (uRBP), and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (uNAG) concentrations are increased in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with healthy controls and in healthy older dogs compared with young dogs. ANIMALS Ten dogs with CKD, 10 healthy young dogs (age 1-3 years), and 10 healthy older dogs (age > 7 years) without clinically relevant abnormalities on physical examination, hematology, biochemistry, and urinalysis. METHODS Urinary markers were determined using an ELISA (uALB, uCRP, and uRBP) or a colorimetric test (uNAG). Results were related to urinary creatinine (c). The fixed effects model or the Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare the different groups of dogs. RESULTS uALB/c, uRBP/c, and uNAG/c were significantly higher in CKD dogs than in healthy dogs. No significant difference was found for uCRP, which was not detectable in the healthy dogs and only in 3 of the CKD dogs. Between the healthy young and older dogs, no significant difference was detected for any of the markers. CONCLUSION The urinary markers uALB/c, uRBP/c, and uNAG/c were significantly increased in dogs with CKD compared with healthy controls. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the ability of these markers to detect renal disease before the onset of azotemia.
GENETIC EVIDENCE FOR THE HYBRID ORIGIN OF THE DIPLOID PLANT STEPHANOMERIA DIEGENSIS

A number of diploid plants are thought to have originated from recombinant genotypes produced by natural hybridization between closely related taxa. The list includes Clarkia bottae (formerly C. deflexa) (Lewis and Lewis, 1955), Delphinium gypsophilum (Lewis and Epling, 1959), Gilia achilleaefolia (Grant, 1954), Elymus glaucus (Stebbins, 1957), Lasthenia burkei (Ornduff, 1969), Penstemon spectabilis and P. clevelandii (Straw, 1955), Phlox maculata ssp. pyramidalis (Levin, 1963, 1966), Potentilla glandulosa ssp. hansenii (Clausen et al., 1940), Purshia glandulosa (Stutz and Thomas, 1964), and Stephanomeria diegensis (Gottlieb, 1971, 1972). The primary evidence has come from morphology, chemosystematics (i.e., flavonoids or terpenes), experimental hybridizations, and study of geographical and ecological distributions. Experimental synthesis of new hybrid "species" has also been attempted. Stebbins (1957) reported experimental synthesis of plants resembling suspected hybrid microspecies of Elymus glaucus by inbreeding rare interspecific backcross hybrids. Grant (1966) synthesized a true-breeding hybrid lineage of Gilia by a lengthy program of inbreeding and selecting from an interspecific progeny. The experimental studies were significant because they reveal what might have occurred in nature in particular cases. However, in order to assess the actual prevalence of the origin of diploid species by hybridization, a more efficient analysis
Blindness during diiodohydroxyquin (Diodoquin) therapy: a case report.

A 2½-year-old boy developed optic atrophy during an 11-month course of diiodohydroxyquin (Diodoquin) administration. This drug is currently used for several diarrheal conditions. Iodochlorhydroxyquin (Vioform), a congener of Diodoquin, has recently been implicated as the cause of subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON). Attention is drawn to the possible neurotoxic and retinotoxic effects of Diodoquin. Current recommendations concerning the use of halogenated hydroxyquinolines should be reevaluated in light of these data.
Pregnancy-Related Mortality Among Women With Multifetal Pregnancies

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relative risk of pregnancy-related mortality between multifetal pregnancies and singleton pregnancies. METHODS: We used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System to examine singleton and multifetal pregnancy-related deaths among women with a live birth or fetal death from 1979–2000. The plurality-specific (singleton or multifetal) pregnancy-based mortality ratio was defined as the number of pregnancy-related deaths per 100,000 pregnancies with a live birth. We analyzed the risk of death due to pregnancy for singleton and multifetal pregnancies by age, race, education, marital status, and cause of death. RESULTS: Of 4,992 pregnancy-related deaths in 1979–2000, 4.2% (209 deaths) were among women with multifetal pregnancies. The risk of pregnancy death among women with twin and higher-order pregnancies was 3.6 times that of women with singleton pregnancies (20.8 compared with 5.8). The leading causes of death were similar for women with singleton pregnancies and women with multifetal pregnancies: embolism, hypertensive complications of pregnancy, hemorrhage, and infection. CONCLUSION: Women with multifetal pregnancies have a significantly higher risk of pregnancy-related death than their counterparts with singleton pregnancies; this holds true for all women regardless of age, race, marital status, and level of education. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2
Late Dislocation after Total Hip Arthroplasty

Objectives: Instability after total hip arthroplasty is a troublesome complication. It commonly occurs in the first 3 postoperative months, but the risk continues over time.There are numerous treatment options, but they have relatively unpredictable outcomes. Numerous factors have been associated with dislocation, but research has mainly focused on the surgical ones. Epidemiological factors remain the subject of much debate.We aimed to establish the incidence of dislocation over time. Methods: The Scottish National arthroplasty non-voluntary registry is based on SMR01 records (Scottish Morbidity Record) data. We analyzed the Scottish National Arthroplasty Project to find patients’ dislocation rates. Results: There were 62,175 total hip arthroplasties performed from April 1989 to March 2004 with an annual incidence of dislocation of 0.9%. We found no increase in the rate of dislocation after 2 years. Conclusions: It appears there is no late increase in dislocation rate. Level of Evidence: Prognostic study, level II-1 (prospective study).
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Their Hormonal Regulation in Uterine Leiomyoma

Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids, myomas) are benign tumors that develop from smooth muscle cells. Although the most common gynecologic tumor in premenopausal women, there is still little known of the etiology, the genetics and basic/molecular biology, or the influence of the environment on the development and growth of these tumors. The fact that fibroids occur during the reproductive years and regress after menopause indicates a growth dependent on ovarian hormones. Studies have supported a role of estrogen and progesterone in leiomyoma growth possibly through regulating growth factors and their signaling pathways. Activation of steroid hormone receptors can have a myriad of effects and include upregulation of growth factors and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which through downstream effector proteins such as mitogen-activated protein kinase p44/42, can mediate transcription, translation, and cell proliferation. Due to their hormonal dependency, fibroids may also be targeted by environmental chemicals whose biological effects are mediated through the estrogen and/or progesterone receptors. This review focuses on the role of growth factors and their receptors (RTKs) in uterine leiomyoma growth and their regulation by ovarian hormones. It also presents data on specific signaling pathways activated in uterine leiomyomas and the "cross talk" between the estrogen receptor alpha and RTK signaling pathways.
Effects of Lifetime History of Use of Problematic Alcohol on HIV Medication Adherence

Background: The effects of previous alcohol abuse on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence have been less studied. Materials and Methodology: Participants were randomized to a 3-month group intervention or an individual-enhanced standard-of-care condition and assessed over 6 months. Individual assessment at baseline, 3, and 6 months was done; interviews included lifetime history of problematic alcohol use. Results: A total of 80 HIV-positive individuals on ART were recruited. In all, 35% of participants reported a history of problematic alcohol use, 37% had a detectable viral load, 55% were nonadherent, and 24% reporting skipping medication in the previous 3 months. There was no association between a history of problematic use and an adherence at any time point, that is, at baseline (t = −.7, P = .47), midpoint (t = −.39, P = .69), and 6-month follow-up (t = −1.2, P = .23). Conclusion: Results suggest that a history of problematic alcohol use may not impact ART adherence.
Cdc15 Is Required for Spore Morphogenesis Independently of Cdc14 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae exit from mitosis requires the Cdc14 phosphatase to reverse CDK-mediated phosphorylation. Cdc14 is released from the nucleolus by the Cdc14 early anaphase release (FEAR) and mitotic exit network (MEN) pathways. In meiosis, the FEAR pathway is essential for exit from anaphase I. The MEN component Cdc15 is required for the formation of mature spores. To analyze the role of Cdc15 during sporulation, a conditional mutant in which CDC15 expression was controlled by the CLB2 promoter was used. Cdc15-depleted cells proceeded normally through the meiotic divisions but were unable to properly disassemble meiosis II spindles. The morphology of the prospore membrane was aberrant and failed to capture the nuclear lobes. Cdc15 was not required for Cdc14 release from the nucleoli, but it was essential to maintain Cdc14 released and for its nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. However, cells carrying a CDC14 allele with defects in nuclear export (Cdc14-ΔNES) were able to disassemble the spindle and to complete spore formation, suggesting that the Cdc14 nuclear export defect was not the cause of the phenotypes observed in cdc15 mutants.
Signatures of strong correlation effects in resonant inelastic x-ray scattering studies on cuprates

Recently, spin excitations in doped cuprates have been measured using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. The paramagnon dispersions show the large hardening effect in the electron-doped systems and seemingly doping independence in the hole-doped systems, with the energy scales comparable to that of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) magnons. This anomalous hardening effect and the lack of softening were partially explained by using the strong-coupling t−J model but with a three-site term [Nat. Commun. 5, 3314 (2014)], although the hardening effect is already present even without the latter. By considering the t−t′−t"−J model and using the slave-boson mean-field theory, we obtain, via the spin-spin susceptibility, the spin excitations in qualitative agreement with the experiments. The doping-dependent bandwidth due to the strong correlation physics is the origin of the hardening effect. We also show that dispersions in the AFM regime, different from those in the paramagnetic (PM) regime, hardly vary with dopant density. These excitations are mainly collective in nature instead of particle-hole-like. We further discuss the interplay and different contributions of these two kinds of excitations in the PM phase and show that the dominance of the collective excitation increases with decreasing dopant concentrations.
Automatic Pre-Hospital Vital Signs Waveform and Trend Data Capture Fills Quality Management, Triage and Outcome Prediction Gaps

Trauma Triage errors are frequent and costly. What happens in pre-hospital care remains anecdotal because of the dual responsibility of treatment (resuscitation and stabilization) and documentation in a time-critical environment. Continuous pre-hospital vital signs waveforms and numerical trends were automatically collected in our study. Abnormalities of pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (< 95%) and validated heart rate (> 100/min) showed better prediction of injury severity, need for immediate blood transfusion, intra-abdominal surgery, tracheal intubation and chest tube insertion than Trauma Registry data or Pre-hospital provider estimations. Automated means of data collection introduced the potential for more accurate and objective reporting of patient vital signs helping in evaluating quality of care and establishing performance indicators and benchmarks. Addition of novel and existing non-invasive monitors and waveform analyses could make the pulse oximeter the decision aid of choice to improve trauma patient triage.
Information Technology and Corporate Strategy: A View from the Top

Letters to shareholders in 649 annual reports published between 1972 and 1987 were analyzed for CEOs' views about information technology. Significant differences were found across industries—banking, publishing, petroleum, and retailing—in the number of times information technology was mentioned, the types of applications discussed, and the content of the discussion. The results of the industry analysis were in keeping with expectations based on the relative information intensity of the various industries. An analysis of the letters over time suggests that the position of IT in the firm, at least as seen by the CEO, was not much different in 1987 than it had been in 1982, but has expanded considerably from its position in 1972 and 1973. Reassuringly, we also found that the number of IT related phrases in the CEOs' letters to the shareholders was positively correlated with the firm's yearly net profits as a percentage of sales. A lagged analysis on profitability data could not, however, resolve the competi.
The Immunocytochemistry of Cytokeratin in Fish Tissues

An increasing interest in fish species as sentinels of environmental pollution and in carcinogenesis research has led to the identification of diagnostically challenging neoplasms of uncertain cellular origin and the need for additional diagnostic methods. To determine the potential of using commercially available antibodies to intermediate filament proteins on paraffin-embedded fish tissues for immunocytochemistry in tumor diagnosis, the application of three antikeratin antibodies to normal adult tissues from two fish species was assessed. Multiple tissues from 12–14-in, striped bass (Morone saxtills) and 6-month-old medaka (Oryzias latipes) of both sexes were fixed in Bouin's or formalin fixatives. Formalin-fixed neoplasms from several mammalian species, including cat, dog, hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris, Erinaceus europaeus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), and sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), were also used as positive controls. Using a strepavidin horseradish peroxidase method on paraffin-embedded tissues, the broad spectrum antibodies AE1/AE3 (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN) and MAK-6 (Triton Biosciences, Alameda, CA), which recognize most of the 19 human cytokeratins, and CAM 5.2 (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA), which recognizes cytoker-atins present in human liver, were used as primary antibodies. Epithelia from skin, gills, cornea, bile ducts, renal tubules, gastrointestinal tract, and thymus were strongly positive with AE1/AE3 and MAK-6 in striped bass, but nonepithelial tissues such as bone and muscle were negative. Skin, gills, cornea, and portions of the gastrointestinal tract were strongly positive in medaka with the same antibodies, whereas bile duct, renal, and intestinal epithelia were less so. Tissue digestion improved the intensity of staining, and fixation with Bouin's fixative improved results somewhat compared with formalin fixation. Although CAM 5.2 elicited positive reactions in mammalian hepatocytes and biliary, intestinal, and renal epithelia, all tissues from either fish were negative despite manipulations of conditions such as strength of primary antibody concentration and duration of tissue digestion. Although variations in results among mammals and fish and between the two fish species may indicate differences in tissue cytokeratin immunogenicity, biochemistry, or content, the broad crossreactivity seen suggests good potential for the use of diagnostic immunocytochemistry in fish carcinogenesis research.
Analysis of PCR as a tool for detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Two polyomaviruses, JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV), affect humans. JCV is the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), and detection of JCV in the central nervous system (CNS) is a prerequisite for confirmation of the disease. BKV is generally not associated with neurological disease, but involvement of BKV in patients with CNS disorders has been reported. In the present study polyomavirus DNA was detected by a nested PCR at a sensitivity corresponding to the detection of 10 copies of JCV DNA in 10 microliters of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF samples from 212 patients with neurological symptoms and immunodeficiencies were investigated for the presence of polyomavirus DNA. Of 128 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, 14 (11%) had JCV DNA in their CSF, and all 14 patients had clinical PML. BKV DNA was detected in one HIV-infected patient with neurological symptoms not compatible with PML. Among 84 HIV-negative patients, 6 (7%) had detectable JCV DNA in their CSF, confirming PML in patients with clinical conditions of T-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphatic leukemia, status postliver transplantation, congenital immunodeficiency, sarcoidosis, and immunodeficiency of unknown origin. The specificity of the PCR was confirmed by a clinical follow-up study which showed full agreement between the detection of JCV DNA in CSF and clinically manifest PML. The described PCR is a rapid, reproducible, and easily performed assay.
Allelic distribution of the glycoprotein Ia (α2‐integrin) C807T/G873A dimorphisms among Caucasian venous thrombosis patients and six racial groups

Two linked silent dimorphisms, 807 C → T (Phe224) and 873 G → A (Thr246) within the glycoprotein Ia (GPIa) gene have been correlated with low and high platelet receptor density, respectively, and associated with vascular disease. A multiplexed allele‐specific PCR assay was used to determine the GPIa 807T/873A allele frequency among 331 Caucasian venous thrombosis patients and 3571 unrelated individuals belonging to six different racial groups. The 807T/873A allele frequencies were 54%, 51%, 39%, 39%, 38%, 34% and 30% among Native Americans, Hispanics, Caucasians, Caucasian venous thrombosis patients, Asian Indians, African‐Americans, and Koreans, respectively. Significant differences in the GPIa allele frequency among racial groups were revealed which emphasized the need for appropriate controls in studies evaluating the association of GPIa genotype to vascular disease.
Central Command Neurons of the Sympathetic Nervous System: Basis of the Fight-or-Flight Response

During stress, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system is changed in a global fashion, leading to an increase in cardiovascular function and a release of adrenal catecholamines. This response is thought to be regulated by a common set of brain neurons that provide a dual input to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons regulating cardiac and adrenal medullary functions. By using a double-virus transneuronal labeling technique, the existence of such a set of central autonomic neurons in the hypothalamus and brainstem was demonstrated. These neurons innervate both of the sympathetic outflow systems and likely function in circumstances where parallel sympathetic processing occurs, such as in the fight-or-flight response.