Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stressors in patients of neonatal intensive care unit

Objetivo: analisar as fontes estressoras em pacientes de unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Métodos: estudo transversal, desenvolvido em maternidade pública de referência, com 60 profissionais de enfermagem que prestaram cuidados aos 24 recém-nascidos internados. Para coleta de dados, foi utilizado questionário sociodemográfico e Escala de Estressores em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, esta para identificação dos fatores estressores. Foi adotado valor de p<0,05 para os testes. Resultados: do total de profissionais, 18 (30,0%) eram enfermeiros. A maior parte dos recém-nascidos era prematuro-moderado, com tempo de internação entre oito e 15 dias. Ser furado por agulhas foi o fator de maior estresse e silenciar alarmes a principal ação mencionada como estratégia de redução de fatores estressores. Conclusão: as 15 fontes estressoras avaliadas apresentaram escores médios elevados, mostrando que a unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal se configura como ambiente que varia entre estressante e muito estressante para recém-nascidos. Descritores: Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal; Recém-Nascido; Ruídos; Iluminação; Estresse Mecânico.
Prevalence of enteropathogenic diarrhea in Children up to 2 years in Kirkuk province

Diarrhea is one of the most common infectious gastroenteritis diseases in young children. To clarify the infectious etiology of diarrhea in children up to two years old, we conducted a crosssectional study in 200 children (116 males and 84 females) admitted with diarrhea to Pediatric Hospital in Kirkuk province. In present study, we studied the distribution of enteropathogenic diarrhea (EPD) in children. Regarding to age group, the distribution of EPD was high 82(42.69%) in age group ranging from 7-12 Mon. On the other hand 106 (59.55%) male versus 72 (40.45%) females showed EPD. According to feeding nature, the incidence of EPD among breast feeding Children was 52(22.47%) patient while artificially feeding account for 56 (31.46%). The mixed feeding children with EPD also detected in 35 (39.32%) patient. We also studied enteropathogenic diarrhea (EPD) in children with persistent and acute diarrhea, out of 154 children with acute diarrhea, 136(76.4%) children showed EPD. While, from 46 children with persistent diarrhea, 42(23.6%) children were recorded to have EPD. Stool specimens were collected from subjects, and examined for several diagnostic laboratory routine tests to detect bacterial enteropathogens, parasites, and viruses. The results indicated that 178(89%) of diarrheal children passed an enteropathogenes (EP) in their stools, with 22(11%) negative cases. A total of 226 causative agents of diarrhea were isolated and identified including: bacterial causes comprised of 66 (33%) enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), 56 (28%) Salmonella spp. , 10 (5%), human rotavirus 56 (28%), parasitic causes appeared in 54 (27%); this were E. histolitica 44 (22%), Giardia lambilia 10(5%), Candida albicans 50 (25%), with associated previous antibiotic therapy. To identify other causes of diarrhea we studied carbohydrate intolerance mainly lactase deficiency, among 200 stool specimen, 30 sample showed positive Benedict's test, which indicates disaccharide malabsorption.
Seroprevalence of leptospires in sheep slaughtered at Sokoto metropolitan Abattoir

In a study to determine the seroprevalence of leptospiralantibodies in sheep slaughtered at Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, Nigeria, bloodwas collected from 282 sheep made up of both male and female. The serum wascollected and analysed using an antigen coated IgG ELISA, out of which 20 tested positive by the ELISA giving anoverall prevalence of 7.1%. Prevalences recorded for age was 18.48% for ≤ 2yrsand 1.58% for > 2yrs, and sex was 3.09% for male and 12.50% for females.There was a significant (P<0.05) association between age groups and sexes.Breed prevalence was 8.50% for Oudah, 4.35% for Balami, and 6.02% for Cross. Theassociation was not statistically significant among breeds. These findingssuggest that leptospirosis is present in sheep slaughtered at the Sokotometropolitan abattoir within the study period, and the Abattoir workers throughunhealthy and unethical handling and processing of carcasses are highlyvulnerable to contract the infection.
A Diagnosis of English Language Teaching in Public Elementary Schools in Pasto, Colombia

English teaching in Colombian primary schools became a requirement because of the promulgation of the Law of Education in 1994. Taking into account that this decision produced some difficulties in the schools, a study was conducted to diagnose the state of English language teaching in primary schools in Pasto, Colombia. Data were gathered through classroom observation, a questionnaire, and interviews. The results showed that teachers are not well versed either in methodology or in the command of the English language; there was no English syllabus; didactic materials were nonexistent; and the children’s lack of motivation was the most critical problem. Teachers, institutions and the government have to take into account these findings in order to improve English learning in primary schools.
Vive La Resistance: Competing Logics and the Consolidation of U.S. Community Banking

We investigate how competing logics facilitate resistance to institutional change, focusing on banking professionals' resistance to large, national banks' acquisitions of smaller, local banks. Acquisitions led to new bank foundings, particularly when out-of-town banks were the acquirers and a community's local population of bank professionals was large. We argue that the national banks' efforts to introduce a banking logic emphasizing efficiencies of geographic diversification triggered new forms of professional entrepreneurialism intended to preserve a community logic of banking. Contributions to a synthesis of ecological and institutional perspectives and to research on entrepreneurship and resistance to institutional change are discussed.
Is Profile Alone Sufficient To Remove Gutta-Percha During Endodontic Re-treatment?

Thirty extracted mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups. Canals were cleaned, obturated and the teeth incubated. Guttapercha removal was performed using: Hedstr? m files with xylene (Group 1); ProFile? alone (Group 2) and combination of both (Group 3). Time required to remove the gutta-percha was recorded. Postoperative radiographs were taken. Specimens were split longitudinally and photographed. Amount of gutta-percha left at coronal, middle and apical thirds was calculated by computer (QWIN software) and the photographs were also evaluated visually by two endodontists. Results showed that the combined technique was fastest in removing gutta-percha. Radiographically, more residual was left in Group 2. Although computer analysis also showed more residual was left in Group 2, they were in a small percentage and there were no significant differences (P>0.05, SPSS paired-samples T test) among groups. Although there were significant differences between the two evaluators in their scoring, both generally agreed (Kappa? s analysis= 0.64) there was more guttapercha residual in Group 2 compared to Group 3 in the apical thirds. Although the differences in efficacy of guttapercha removal among these techniques were not significant, the use of ProFile? increased the speed of the procedure. The combined technique showed the most superior efficacy in gutta-percha removal.
Fabrication, Structure and Properties of Epoxy/Metal Nanocomposites

Gd2O3 nanoparticles surface-modified with IPDI were compounded with epoxy. IPDI provided an anchor into the porous Gd2O3 surface and a bridge into the matrix, thus creating strong bonds between matrix and Gd2O3 . 1.7vol. -% Gd2O3 increased the Young’s modulus of epoxy by 16–19%; the surface-modified Gd2O3 nanoparticles improved the critical strain energy release rate by 64.3% as compared to 26.4% produced by the unmodified nanoparticles. The X-ray shielding efficiency of neat epoxy was enhanced by 300–360%, independent of the interface modification. Interface debonding consumes energy and leads to crack pinning and matrix shear banding; most fracture energy is consumed by matrix shear banding as shown by the large number of ridges on the fracture surface.
Phylogenetic analysis of ratite bird emu (Dromaius Novaehollandiae) using sex specific sequences.

Molecular markers are being used in a wide variety of genetic studies, such as DNA sexing and phylogenetic analysis. Till date, studies have focused on phylogenetic studies on emu birds using mitocondrial DNA sequences. However, the use of sex specific DNA markers for phylogenetic analysis can reveal if there is any significant difference between the dendrograms of two sexes. The current study focuses on the problem of sex diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis using sex specific molecular markers.
The Impact of Older Siblings on Vocabulary Acquisition in Bilingual Children

This study analyzes the effects of language input from older siblings on language skills in preschool-age Cantonese-English bilingual children. Twenty-seven bilingual preschool-age children learning Cantonese as their first language (L1) and English as a second language (L2) were tested on their vocabulary receptive and expressive skills as well as fast mapping comprehension and production skills. Participants were broken into two groups based on the language use of their older siblings: the ‘Mostly Cantonese’ group contains those participants with older siblings who use mostly Cantonese (L1) at home, while the ‘50/50’ group contains those participants with older siblings using an equal amount of Cantonese (L1) and English (L2) at home. Hypotheses that children in the ‘50/50’ group would outperform children in the ‘Mostly Cantonese’ group in vocabulary and fast mapping tests given in English (L2) were unsupported by the results of this study. Results of the vocabulary task saw no significant differences between groups. Results of the fast mapping task did, however, suggest the possibility that older siblings who speak mostly L1 are more beneficial to their younger siblings’ L1 fast mapping skills, whereas older siblings who speak both languages equally are not beneficial to their younger siblings’ L1 or L2 skills.
LOW-POWER DENSITY OF 950 MHZ RADIATION DOES NOT AFFECT LONG-TERM POTENTIATION IN RAT DENTATE GYRUS

Introduction: Over the last decade, exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic waves due to base station antenna has increased. This in vivo study was planned for evaluating the effects of whole-body exposure to 950 MHz field of GSM mobile phone system on rat dentate gyrus long-term potentiation. Materials and Methods: 24 naive male Wistar rats (3 month old, 225|i|25 g) were randomly divided in the three groups (sham-exposed, GSM and continuous field exposed). The exposure program was planned for 10 sessions at 3 days. Animals were exposed to electromagnetic field for 45 minutes in a circular plastic chamber (mean power density=0.835 mW/cm2). Immediately after end exposure, anesthesia was induced for long term potentiation (LTP) induction. Field potentials were recorded and analyzed using the population spike amplitude and EPSP slope for 60- min. Results: There were no significant differences in population spike amplitude, EPSP slope and EPSP slope maintenance among the three groups. Conclusion: This study provides no evidence indicating that long-term potentiation can be affected by the whole-body exposure to low-power density of 950 MHz field of GSM mobile phone system. Keywords: Electromagnetic field, base station, long-term potentiation, dentate gyrus, rat.
Chemical Transportation of Heavy Metals in the Constructed Wetland Impacted by Acid Drainage

Chemical transportation of heavymetals in the constructed wetland impacted byacid drainage was investigated seasonallyusing a combination of the selective sequential extraction of the sediments with elemental analysis of the emergent vegetation in the wetland. Manganese was dissolved from sediments in the constructed wetland bythe contact with acid drainage, and then precipitated again as ionexchangeable forms. It was expected that a part of Mn and Fe bound to oxides were flown out of the wetland as suspended particulate matters. It was observed that there is passive absorption of Mn in leaves of Phragmites austlaris in the upstream of the wetland. The transportation of Cu clearlyshowed the seasonal variation: there was the decomposition of organic substances with high molecular weights bysoil microorganisms in summer. Therefore, Cu was complexed to the humic substances, and dramaticallyadosorbed onto the roots of Phragmites austlaris in down stream of the wetland. It was also observed that there is active absorption of Fe in roots and leaves of Phragmites austlaris. Most of the zinc was stronglybounded to the sediments, therefore, scarcelyuptaken to the vegetation. It was also found that there were heavymetal distributions between plant organs.
Strategy disclosure reporting trends in South Africa: A 2010-2011 comparative analysis for six industry clusters

Strategy disclosure through integrated reporting relates to a firm’s transparency and accountability in dealing with stakeholders. This study is a follow-up study on the 2010 strategy disclosure findings reported by Ungerer (2013), and the study aims to create comparative views and to further evaluate the feasibility of measuring strategy disclosure levels using multiple baseline perspectives. A comparative analysis for six industry clusters in South Africa is presented. Strategy disclosures for 2010 and 2011 are measured against three baselines, namely the third generation Global Reporting Initiative (GRI G3) Guidelines (Baseline 1), a strategic architecture framework (Baseline 2) and a business model framework (Baseline 3). The six industries, each consisting of fi ve JSElisted companies, are banking, construction, energy, insurance, mining and retail. Strategy disclosure, in aggregate, improved from 65% to 73% between 2010 and 2011. Given variances in disclosure for the various industries and against different strategic element sub-scales, different priorities can be identified for improving disclosure through integrated reporting. When disclosure against different baselines is compared, it becomes apparent that disclosure of forward-looking strategic themes and those related to the competitive strategy sub-scale represent the major themes for improvement in strategy disclosure practices. On balance, however, there are positive trends towards greater transparency and improved accountability to stakeholders. This coincides with the introduction of the King III compliance regime for integrated reporting, as well as meaningful organisational learning and capacity building towards GRI G3 disclosure. Key words: business model, integrated reporting, Global Reporting Initiative, King III, stakeholders, strategic architecture, strategy disclosure, transparency
Structure and kinematics of edge-on galaxy discs - I. Observations of the stellar kinematics

We present deep optical long-slit spectra of 17 edge-on spiral galaxies of intermediate to late morphological type, mostly parallel to their major axes and in a few cases parallel to the minor axes. The line-of-sight stellar kinematics are obtained from the stellar absorption lines using the improved cross-correlation technique. In general, the stellar kinematics are regular and can be traced well into the disc-dominated region. The mean stellar velocity curves are far from solid-body, indicating that the effect of dust extinction is not large. The line-of-sight stellar disc velocity dispersion correlates with the galaxy maximum rotational velocity, but detailed modelling is necessary to establish whether this represents a physical relation. In four spirals with a boxy- or peanut-shaped bulge we are able to detect asymmetric velocity distributions, having a common signature with projected radius in the mean line-of-sight velocity and the h3 and h4 curves. In two cases this kinematic asymmetry probably represents the ‘figure-of-eight’ pattern synonymous with a barred potential. We emphasize, however, that the signatures seen in the h3 and h4 curves may also be due to the disc seen in projection.
Delayed response of the ionosphere to solar EUV variability

Abstract. Physical and chemical processes in the ionosphere are driven by complex interactions with the solar radiation. The ionospheric plasma is in particular sensitive to solar EUV and UV variations with a time delay between one and two days. This delay is assumed to be related to thermospheric transport processes from the lower ionosphere to the F region. In previous analyses, the delay has been investigated using the F10.7 index. Here we present preliminary results of the ionospheric delay based on a comprehensive and reliable database consisting of GNSS TEC Maps and EUV spectral flux data. We plan to specify the various dependencies from geographic/geomagnetic location, altitude, season, local time, geophysical and solar radiation conditions such as the solar activity level. The first results for dependencies from seasons and wavelengths regions of the EUV are presented in this paper. These results can provide more insight into ionospheric processes and are of interest for applications dependent on reliable ionospheric weather forecasts, e.g. GNSS error analyses, prediction and mitigation.
The Third Pillar in Europe: Institutional Factors and Individual Decisions

This paper studies and documents household participation in voluntary individual retirement accounts (IRAs) in eleven European countries. Using recently available, internationally comparable data of households aged 50+, we calculate country-by-country average marginal effects of the probability to save in IRAs. We link the evidence from the micro data to the institutional differences in pension systems that prevail across the countries in our sample. Our results indicate that households' participation in the 'third pillar' varies substantially across countries, both due to institutional differences and household characteristics. Higher education is crucial for participation in countries with shorter traditions of IRAs where awareness matters most. Background risk due to expectations of future pension reforms as well as experience with occupational pensions increase voluntary retirement savings additionally for the currently employed individuals in our sample.
Value chains and the Business system: Applying a simplified Model to Kenya's Garment Industry

Kenyan industry is in a pitiful state. The textile and garment industries are typical. Production has declined and, with it, employment. New investment is minimal, so firms are producing inefficiently using outdated equipment. Many mediumand large-scale firms have closed and those still producing say they are barely breaking even. Small-scale producers are there over 6,000 of them in Nairobi alone but it is not clear how profitable they are. The questions constantly before us are: 'Why should this be so? ' and What can be done to improve the situation? '
Bovine Theileriosis: Effects on the Status of Thyroid Hormones, Homocystein, Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins

Tropical theileriosis of cattle is a common tick-borne disease in tropical and subtropical regions and is recognized as a disease of major economic importance. This study aimed to determine whether Theileria annulata infection influences the plasma homocystein (Hcy), thyroid activity and serum lipid status in infected cattle. Fifty crossbred Holstein cattle, naturally infected with Theileria annulata were selected and divided into 3 subgroups according to their parasitemia rates (<2, 2-4, 4-8%). Also, 10 non-infected cattle were assigned as controls. Blood samples were collected and hematological parameters, plasma Homocystein (Hcy), thyroid hormones (T3, T4, free T3 (fT3) and free T4 (fT4)) and the concentrations of serum lipid and lipoproteins (cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoproteins including HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol) and phosphatidylserine (PS) on erythrocytes were measured. According to the results, significant elevations were observed in the concentration of plasma Hcy (hyperhomocysteinemia) in the infected groups compared to controls. In addition, we conclude that T. annulata can interfere with the lipid metabolism, which is particularly characterized by substantial decreases in the levels of cholesterol, LDL and HDL in the serum of affected animals. In spite of remarkable influences of the parasite on Hcy and lipid contents of the serum, our study proved that tropical theileriosis did not affect the thyroid hormones during parasitemia. This study demonstrates that the infection of cattle with Theileria annulata is mainly characterized by the anemia. Also, evidenced elevation in the level of homocystein (hyperhomocysteinemia) in parasitized cattle can result in oxidative stress on erythrocytes and the probable endothelial injuries. In addition, T. annulata can induce failure in lipid metabolism which is particularly featured by a decrease in the cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations; however the parasite cannot implement significant influences on the thyroid hormones in the affected cattle.
Temporal and spatial variability of ammonia in urban and agricultural regions of northern Colorado, United States

Abstract. Concentrated agricultural activities and animal feeding operations in the northeastern plains of Colorado represent an important source of atmospheric ammonia (NH3). The NH3 from these sources contributes to regional fine particle formation and to nitrogen deposition to sensitive ecosystems in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), located ∼ 80 km to the west. In order to better understand temporal and spatial differences in NH3 concentrations in this source region, weekly concentrations of NH3 were measured at 14 locations during the summers of 2010 to 2015 using Radiello passive NH3 samplers. Weekly (biweekly in 2015) average NH3 concentrations ranged from 2.66 to 42.7 µg m−3, with the highest concentrations near large concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). The annual summertime mean NH3 concentrations were stable in this region from 2010 to 2015, providing a baseline against which concentration changes associated with future changes in regional NH3 emissions can be assessed. Vertical profiles of NH3 were also measured on the 300 m Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) tower throughout 2012. The highest NH3 concentration along the vertical profile was always observed at the 10 m height (annual average concentration of 4.63 µg m−3), decreasing toward the surface (4.35 µg m−3) and toward higher altitudes (1.93 µg m−3). The NH3 spatial distributions measured using the passive samplers are compared with NH3 columns retrieved by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite and concentrations simulated by the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx). The satellite comparison adds to a growing body of evidence that IASI column retrievals of NH3 provide very useful insight into regional variability in atmospheric NH3, in this case even in a region with strong local sources and sharp spatial gradients. The CAMx comparison indicates that the model does a reasonable job simulating NH3 concentrations near sources but tends to underpredict concentrations at locations farther downwind. Excess NH3 deposition by the model is hypothesized as a possible explanation for this trend.