Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of alternative therapies in treating children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

ADHD is a common and complex disorder for which no specific neuroanatomical, physiological, biochemical or psychological origin has been identified. Despite the effectiveness and relative safety of stimulant medications, many parents are concerned about giving their child a psychoactive, ‘mind-altering’ medication for what is likely to be a long period of time. As with many chronic diseases of childhood, parents have turned to complementary and alternative medicine [1]. There is a plethora of information on alternative therapies for ADHD in the mainstream media and on the Internet. Evidence-based reports were identified from the MEDLINE database and references of review articles published in peerreviewed literature (Table 1).
Experimentally Reducing Partisan Incivility on Twitter

Cross-partisan incivility is a pressing concern in American politics, especially online. When partisans communicate incivilly, they are less likely to learn from each other and more likely to distrust each other. This paper analyzes the way that people learn about norms of political behavior online. I conduct an experiment that tests how different forms of moral suasion—appeals to morality intended to influence behavior—affect how Democrats and Republicans learn about norms of partisan speech. Using bots that shared the political identity of the subjects, I sent messages that appealed to the moral principle theorized to be most convincing to either liberals (“care”) or to conservatives (“authority”). Using a sample of subjects who had been frequently incivil in political discussions on Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election, I found that both forms of moral suasion were equally effective at dissuading both Democrats and Republicans from online incivility. These effects were significantly moderated by the anonymity of the subjects, especially among Republicans: subjects who elected to have an anonymous profile were much less likely to change their behavior. On
Interactions Outside the Proteinase-binding Loop Contribute Significantly to the Inhibition of Activated Coagulation Factor XII by Its Canonical Inhibitor from Corn

Background: Canonical inhibitors interact with cognate proteases through a protease-binding loop. Results: Protease-binding loop of corn Hageman factor inhibitor (CHFI) does not inhibit its cognate enzyme-activated coagulation factor XII (FXIIa). Conclusion: Nonloop regions of CHFI are required for specific inhibition of FXIIa. Significance: CHFI is the first canonical inhibitor whose protease-binding loop is not sufficient for cognate enzyme inhibition. Activated factor XII (FXIIa) is selectively inhibited by corn Hageman factor inhibitor (CHFI) among other plasma proteases. CHFI is considered a canonical serine protease inhibitor that interacts with FXIIa through its protease-binding loop. Here we examined whether the protease-binding loop alone is sufficient for the selective inhibition of serine proteases or whether other regions of a canonical inhibitor are involved. Six CHFI mutants lacking different N- and C-terminal portions were generated. CHFI-234, which lacks the first and fifth disulfide bonds and 11 and 19 amino acid residues at the N and C termini, respectively, exhibited no significant changes in FXIIa inhibition (Ki = 3.2 ± 0.4 nm). CHFI-123, which lacks 34 amino acid residues at the C terminus and the fourth and fifth disulfide bridges, inhibited FXIIa with a Ki of 116 ± 16 nm. To exclude interactions outside the FXIIa active site, a synthetic cyclic peptide was tested. The peptide contained residues 20–45 (Protein Data Bank code 1BEA), and a C29D substitution was included to avoid unwanted disulfide bond formation between unpaired cysteines. Surprisingly, the isolated protease-binding loop failed to inhibit FXIIa but retained partial inhibition of trypsin (Ki = 11.7 ± 1.2 μm) and activated factor XI (Ki = 94 ± 11 μm). Full-length CHFI inhibited trypsin with a Ki of 1.3 ± 0.2 nm and activated factor XI with a Ki of 5.4 ± 0.2 μm. Our results suggest that the protease-binding loop is not sufficient for the interaction between FXIIa and CHFI; other regions of the inhibitor also contribute to specific inhibition.
Calcium activity in different classes of myenteric neurons underlying the migrating motor complex in the murine colon

The spontaneous colonic migrating motor complex (CMMC) is a cyclical contractile and electrical event that is the primary motor pattern underlying fecal pellet propulsion along the murine colon. We have combined Ca2+ imaging with immunohistochemistry to determine the role of different classes of myenteric neurons during the CMMC. Between CMMCs, myenteric neurons usually displayed ongoing but uncoordinated activity. Stroking the mucosa at the oral or anal end of the colon resulted in a CMMC (latency: ∼6 to 10 s; duration: ∼28 s) that consisted of prolonged increases in activity in many myenteric neurons that was correlated to Ca2+ transients in and displacement of the muscle. These neurons were likely excitatory motor neurons. Activity in individual neurons during the CMMC was similar regardless of whether the CMMC occurred spontaneously or was evoked by anal or oral mucosal stimulation. This suggests that convergent interneuronal pathways exist which generate CMMCs. Interestingly, Ca2+ transients in a subset of NOS +ve neurons were substantially reduced during the CMMC. These neurons are likely to be inhibitory motor neurons that reduce their activity during a complex (disinhibition) to allow full excitation of the muscle. Local stimulation of the mucosa evoked synchronized Ca2+ transients in Dogiel Type II (mitotracker/calbindin‐positive) neurons after a short delay (∼1–2 s), indicating they were the sensory neurons underlying the CMMC. These local responses were observed in hexamethonium, but were blocked by ondansetron (5‐HT3 antagonist), suggesting Dogiel Type II neurons were activated by 5‐HT release from enterochromaffin cells in the mucosa. In fact, removal of the mucosa yielded no spontaneous CMMCs, although many neurons (NOS +ve and NOS −ve) exhibited ongoing activity, including Dogiel Type II neurons. These results suggest that spontaneous or evoked 5‐HT release from the mucosa is necessary for the activation of Dogiel Type II neurons that generate CMMCs.
Geriatric dentistry, teaching and future directions.

BACKGROUND Many nations are facing a demographic shift in the age profile of their population, leading the World Health Organization to a 'Call for Public Health Action' on the oral health of older people. METHODS A search of the literature relevant to geriatric dentistry teaching was undertaken using MEDLINE, Web of Science, Eric and Psychlit. A search of dental professional school websites in Australia and policy and international practice documents was undertaken. RESULTS The international literature describes requirements for geriatric dentistry courses and various approaches to teaching, including didactic teaching, practical experiences and external placements. Challenges are identified in the area of geriatric dental education. Educational institutions (with others) have an obligation to lead change, yet there appears to be little formal recognition in Australian dental curricula of the need to develop quality education and research programmes in geriatric dentistry. CONCLUSIONS Internationally, the inclusion of geriatrics within dental curricula has been the subject of consideration since the 1970s. The current evidence indicates that geriatrics/gerodontology is not a significant component of dental curricula. Given the projected age distribution in many countries, the need for implementation of dental curriculum content in the area of geriatrics/gerodontology is evident.
“Canary Measures” Among the AHRQ Patient Safety Indicators

Despite the fact that the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality patient safety indicators (PSIs) are useful for evaluating adverse events in hospitals, the 20 PSIs make it difficult to summarize broad trends across indicators. This study aims to identify 1 or more measures among the PSIs best suited for a quick index of general patient safety status. The 1997-2002 Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to calculate the hospital-level risk-adjusted rates of the PSIs. Both pairwise correlation analyses and multivariate analyses showed that PSI #7 (Selected infections due to medical care) is significantly correlated with most of the other PSIs. The results are robust even when (1) the pairwise and multivariate analyses are rerun on a reduced data set that excludes admissions with multiple patient safety events, and (2) Bonferroni-adjusted P values are calculated. The study concludes that PSI #7 appears to be a candidate for a quick index of patient safety status. (Am J Med Qual 2009;24:465-473)
Exploration of Serial Structure Procedural Learning in Children with Language Impairment

Abstract Recent studies on specific language impairment (SLI) have suggested that language deficits are directly associated with poor procedural learning abilities. Findings from our previous work are contrary to this hypothesis; we found that children with SLI were able to learn eight-element-long sequences as fast and as accurately as children with normal language (NL) on a serial reaction time (SRT) task. A probabilistic rather than a deterministic SRT paradigm was used in the current study to explore procedural learning in children with SLI to mimic real conditions of language learning. Fifteen children with or without SLI were compared on an SRT task including a probabilistic eight-element-long sequence. Results show that children with SLI were able to learn this sequence as fast and as accurately as children with NL, and that similar sequence-specific learning was observed in both groups. These results are novel and suggest that children with SLI do not display global procedural system deficits. (JINS, 2011, 17, 336–343)
Genetic assessment of serological and biochemical markers in Bharia tribe of Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh

BACKGROUND: The present sero-genetic study is the first of its kind to present the baseline data of Bharia tribe of Madhya Pradesh. The main aim of this study is to provide phenotype and allele-frequency data to characterize the population genetically and to fill the void on the genetic map of Madhya Pradesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this, blood samples from 92 unrelated healthy individuals of Bharia tribe from Chhindwara district (Tamia block) were collected. Hemolysates prepared were analyzed for two serological (A1A2BO and Rh) and six biochemical (adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase locus 1, acid phosphatase locus 1, phosphoglucomutase locus 1, esterase D and glucosephosphate isomerase) parameters, following the standard electrophoretic techniques. RESULTS: The Chi-square test for goodness of fit revealed no significant deviation between the observed and expected numbers in any of the seven genetic markers, suggesting that the tribe is in genetic equilibrium. A high incidence of B allele in A1A2BO blood group and low incidence of the A1 allele, with presence of A2 in only one individual, and a low frequency of Rh(D) (Rh negative allele) was observed in serological markers. Also, no rare variant was observed for biochemical markers. CONCLUSION: Principal Component Analysis done in order to detect the genetic affinity of Bharia tribe with other populations from the adjoining states of Madhya Pradesh based on the allele frequencies, showed a close association of Bharia with Gujarat and Rajasthan. Hence, this study has been helpful in revealing the genetic structure and affinity of Bharia tribe.
Risk factors and pain status due to diabetic neuropathy in chronic long-term diabetic patients in a Chinese urban population.

BACKGROUND With economic growth and urbanization there have been significant changes in the life style and diet of urban residents in large cities of China, which is experiencing a rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes. While high prevalence of diabetes has been reported, little is known of the long-term effects of diabetes in such a large population. The aim of this study was to estimate the morbidity rate of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in a Chinese urban diabetic population with more than 10 years' disease duration, and evaluate the relevant risk factors. The clinical manifestation of DPN and pain status was also assessed. METHODS Five hundred and sixty-five diabetes patients were recruited into the study. Symptoms and examination helped diagnose neuropathy. The clinical manifestation of DPN was assessed with a visual analog pain score (VAS). Diabetic complication status was determined from medical records. Serum lipids and lipoproteins, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and the urinary albumin excretion rate were measured. RESULTS The morbidity rate of DPN was 46.6%. HbA1c, hyperlipidemia, and retinopathy were significantly associated with neuropathy, and these risk factors were correlated with other diabetic micro and/or macrovascular complications. The average VAS pain score of the DPN patients was 4.12 ± 2.07. Severe and moderate pain was experienced by 11.4% and 40.5% respectively of DPN patients. About 3.7% of diabetic subjects had lower limb ulcer or amputation. CONCLUSIONS The morbidity rate of DPN for diabetic patients with > 10 years duration is very high compared to the range reported for other populations in the world. The risk factors for DPN include HbA1c, hyperlipidemia, and retinopathy. In long-standing diabetic patients, DPN was not associated with diabetic duration, and half of the DPN patients experienced considerable daily suffering.
Deficiencies of common MIMO channel models with regard to indoor Line-of-Sight channels

Different multiple input - multiple output (MIMO) channel models are analyzed with regard to the indoor line-of-sight (LOS) MIMO channel. In the literature this channel is proven to achieve high capacities while being highly correlated. The modeling results from physical as well as analytical models are compared with measured channels, showing that none of the established models is exactly suitable for the considered indoor LOS MIMO channel. However, there is a promising approach that applies an extended Saleh model in conjunction with the physically correct spherical wave propagation. Although in its current state this basic approach cannot be regarded as a complete MIMO channel model, at least it provides an adequate origin for the correct prediction of MIMO capacities in different types of LOS channels. This is due to the fact, that the crucial prerequisites for an appropriate LOS MIMO channel model, which are by name the application of the physically correct spherical wave propagation, the correct modeling of the high correlation in LOS channels and the inclusion of the geometrical antenna setup, are regarded correctly. Contrarily, these prerequisites are included in none of the current models that are widely accepted in MIMO radio communications nowadays. The proof of this statement using measured data is a major objective of this paper.
Engineered Quasi-Phase Matching Device for Unequally Spaced Multiple Wavelength Generation and its Application to Midinfrared Gas Sensing

There have been many reports on engineered quasi-phase matched (QPM) wavelength converters that enable multiple wavelength generation. Most of these converters make it possible to realize multiple equally spaced QPM peaks. However, for gas sensing using several absorption lines, it is necessary to generate unequally spaced mid-infrared wavelength peaks. To achieve this, we propose a new phase modulated QPM device capable of realizing multiple unequally spaced QPM peaks. By suppressing the unwanted QPM peaks we were able to obtain the desired peaks flexibly. We also studied the fabrication tolerance of the device. We fabricated a waveguide device for 3 ¿m difference frequency generation (DFG) based on the design. The phase matching characteristics of the fabricated device agreed well with the numerical design. Using the 3 ¿m DFG device and a tunable laser diode array as signal source, we constructed a mid-infrared light source that can generate multiple unequally spaced wavelengths. We employed the wavelength switching capability to demonstrate the detection of multiple hydrocarbon gases, namely CH4, C2H4, and C2H6.
[Changes of physical and functional characteristics in soccer players].

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to examine the trends in selected physical cardiovascular and metabolic variables in 248 first division professional soccer players within a period of 27 years (1973-2000). METHOD In a cross sectional study (panel) 198 Mexican players and 50 mainly from Brazil and Argentina were evaluated for physical examination, body composition, blood samples, EKG and maximal oxygen uptake on a treadmill. Data were categorized by decade (70's n = 66, 80's n = 84 and 90's n = 98) and analyzed for significant differences by ANOVAS (p < 0.05). RESULTS Value are presented in mean +/- standard deviation in chronological order. Age (years) 24 +/- 2, 26 +/- 2 and 27 +/- 3*. Weight (kg) 74 +/- 4, 73 +/- 4 and 74 +/- 5. Height (cm) 173 +/- 4, 175 +/- 4 and 176 +/- 5*. Body fat (%) 15 +/- 4, 12 +/- 4& and 10 +/- 4#*. Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 246 +/- 26, 220 +/- 24 and 198 +/- 20*. Triglycerides (mg/dL) 172 +/- 24, 190 +/- 26 and 147 +/- 24*#. Resting heart rate (bpm) 66 +/- 6, 60 +/- 4& and 54 +/- 5*#. VO2 max (mL.kg-1.min-1) 52 +/- 3, 54 +/- 2 and 57 +/- 2*. (& = p < 0.05 70's vs. 80's, * = p < 0.05 70's vs. 90's, # = p < 0.05 80's vs. 90's). CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that soccer players performing in the 90's are older and taller, lower body fat, lower blood in lipids profile, and higher cardiovascular fitness than those performing in the decade 70's and 80's. In particular these findings might be related to the improvement at international setting of the South American and Mexican soccer level. Despite the favorable changes and the personal claim of great skill in these players more physiological gains must be aimed and acquired in order to compete in similar circumstances with national teams of superior international levels.
Visual Learning for an Auditory Secondary Reinforcer by Macaques is Intact after Uncinate Fascicle Section: Indirect Evidence for the Involvement of the Corpus Striatum

Three cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were trained preoperatively in visual discrimination learning for an auditory secondary reinforcer. Each new discrimination problem was solved on the basis of the secondary reinforcer, and primary reinforcement (food reward) was given only after a new problem had been solved. The animals learned 50 new problems in each daily session and it was therefore possible to assess accurately their average rate of learning new discrimination problems in this procedure. After the learning rate had stabilized preoperatively the animals were operated upon to transect the uncinate fascicle, the cortico‐cortical pathway from visual association cortex in the temporal lobe to prefrontal cortex. The animals' learning rate was unchanged after uncinate fascicle section. A previous experiment had shown that visual learning for an auditory secondary reinforcer is unaffected by disconnection of visual association cortex from the amygdala and the fornix. Taken together, this negative evidence points strongly to the conclusion that visual learning for an auditory secondary reinforcer depends upon interaction of temporal lobe visual association cortex with the corpus striatum, since other possibilities have been excluded.
Substitutions of Asn-726 in the Active Site of Yeast DNA Topoisomerase I Define Novel Mechanisms of Stabilizing the Covalent Enzyme-DNA Intermediate*

Eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I (Top1p) catalyzes changes in DNA topology and is the cellular target of camptothecin. Recent reports of enzyme structure highlight the importance of conserved amino acids N-terminal to the active site tyrosine and the involvement of Asn-726 in mediating Top1p sensitivity to camptothecin. To investigate the contribution of this residue to enzyme catalysis, we evaluated the effect of substituting His, Asp, or Ser for Asn-726 on yeast Top1p. Top1N726S and Top1N726D mutant proteins were resistant to camptothecin, although the Ser mutant was distinguished by a lack of detectable changes in activity. Thus, a basic residue immediately N-terminal to the active site tyrosine is required for camptothecin cytotoxicity. However, replacing Asn-726 with Asp or His interfered with distinct aspects of the catalytic cycle, resulting in cell lethality. In contrast to camptothecin, which inhibits enzyme-catalyzed religation of DNA, the His substituent enhanced the rate of DNA scission, whereas the Asp mutation diminished the enzyme binding of DNA. Yet, these effects on enzyme catalysis were not mutually exclusive as the His mutant was hypersensitive to camptothecin. These results suggest distinct mechanisms of poisoning DNA topoisomerase I may be explored in the development of antitumor agents capable of targeting different aspects of the Top1p catalytic cycle.
Effect of hemodialysis on carnitine levels in children with chronic renal failure

Background : Impaired structural and metabolic integrity of the kidney in chronic renal failure (CRF) effects carnitine metabolism by means of many factors. Depletion due to hemodialysis (HD) is one of the major concerns. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chronic renal failure and HD on plasma free carnitine (FC) concentrations in children.
Credit rating announcements, trading activity and yield spreads: the Spanish evidence

We test whether different rating announcements contain pricing-relevant information and modify trading activity patterns in the Spanish corporate debt markets. We observe a significant widening of yield spreads in short- and long-term corporate debt after reviews of downgrades and negative outlook reports. Additionally, certain rating announcements encourage trading activity even when the information is not pricing-relevant. The release of information arouses investor interest for the involved securities. Thus, trading frequency increases, although larger-sized transactions, which should denote possible portfolio rebalancing, are not observed. In the short-term market, trading volumes are found to fade after reviews for downgrade.
Regulation of NT-PGC-1α Subcellular Localization and Function by Protein Kinase A-dependent Modulation of Nuclear Export by CRM1*

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) plays a central role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism and metabolic adaptation to environmental and nutritional stimuli. We recently described a novel, biologically active splice variant of PGC-1α (NT-PGC-1α, amino acids 1–270) that retains the ability to interact with and transactivate nuclear hormone receptors through its N-terminal transactivation domain. Whereas PGC-1α is an unstable nuclear protein sensitive to ubiquitin-mediated targeting to the proteasome, NT-PGC-1α is relatively stable and predominantly cytoplasmic, suggesting that its ability to interact with and activate nuclear receptors and transcription factors is dependent upon regulated access to the nucleus. We provide evidence that NT-PGC-1α interacts with the nuclear exportin, CRM1, through a specific leucine-rich domain (nuclear export sequence) that regulates its export to the cytoplasm. The nuclear export of NT-PGC-1α is inhibited by protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of Ser-194, Ser-241, and Thr-256 on NT-PGC-1α, which effectively increases its nuclear concentration. Using site-directed mutagenesis to prevent or mimic phosphorylation at these sites, we show that the transcriptional activity of NT-PGC-1α is regulated in part through regulation of its subcellular localization. These findings suggest that the function of NT-PGC-1α as a transcriptional co-activator is regulated by protein kinase A-dependent inhibition of CRM1-mediated export from the nucleus.