Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generative Neural Network Inserting or Removing Cancer into Mammograms Fools Radiologists and Deep Learning Alike: Example of an Adversarial Attack

From two publicly available datasets (BCDR and INbreast) 680 mammographic images from 334 patients were selected, 318 of which exhibited potentially cancerous masses, and 362 were healthy controls. We trained a CycleGAN, using two pairs of generator and discriminator networks to convert cancerous breast images to healthy and back, and vice versa for the controls, without the need for paired images. The network, implemented in TensorFlow, was trained for 40 epochs on an augmented dataset enlarged ten-fold by random rotation, scaling, and contrast perturbations. To investigate how realistic the images appear, we randomly selected 20 image pairs of original and generated images, and 10 single images of each category (60 images in total). The images were presented to three radiologists (5 and 3 years of experience, and PGY-5 resident) who rated them on a 5-point Likert-like scale and had to indicate whether the image was real or generated/modified. The readout was analysed with a receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) analysis, performance was expressed as area under the ROC curve (AUC).
Artificially Induced Color in Amethyst-Citrine Quartz

Adjacent amethyst and cltrine colors in the same crystal of quartz have been reported from So~rrh Arnerica, although there appears to be uncertainty as to the exact locality of origin. Such material has also been prodr~ced by synthesis. Several previous studies on the imp~~ri t ies contained in natural and synthetic quartz and the effects of irrndiation and heating, as well as new heating and Irradiation experiments with the current natural amethyst-citrine quartz and with amethyst, are described. It is concluded that there are presently no lznown tests to distinguish natural blcolor material that wns heated or irrudiated (or both) in nnture from natural amethyst heated or irradiated (or both) by man or from the ecluivaient synthetic material.
Sex Differences in Deception Detection

of a thesis at the University of Miami. Thesis supervised by Professor Thomas M. Steinfatt. No. of pages in text. (55) While deception is a common strategy in interpersonal communication, most research on interpersonal deception treats the sex as irrelevant in the ability to detect deceptive messages. This study examines the truth and deception detection ability of both male and female receivers when responding to both true and deceptive messages from both male and female speakers. Results suggest that sex may be an important variable in understanding the interpersonal detection probabilities of truth and of lies. An interaction of variables including speakers’ sex, receivers’ sex, and whether the message is truthful or deceptive is found to relate to detection ability. Both women and men were found to be significantly less accurate than chance in judging the veracity of statements made by men, especially when those statements are lies. On the other hand, both women and men were significantly more accurate than chance in judging the veracity of statements made by women, especially when those statements are truthful. This may suggest that men are better deceivers than women, while women seem more transparent in exhibiting feelings about their messages whether being truthful or deceptive. In recalling real life deceptions discovered previously, women reported that they discovered significantly more lies from female sources than from men they knew. This finding may reflect the previous finding that discovering lies told by women is more likely than is discovering lies told by men.
Focusing of acoustic waves by flat lenses made from negatively refracting two-dimensional phononic crystals

We investigate the phenomenon of imaging of elastic waves with flat lenses constituted of negatively refracting materials. We derive an analytical solution for the acoustic field produced by a point source near a flat lens composed of a homogeneous acoustic metamaterial (i.e. negative density and negative moduli) using the Green’s function formalism of the Interface Response Theory. We then consider phononic crystals as a way of realizing negative refraction with materials possessing positive densities and moduli. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation method is employed to investigate the properties of negative refraction and focusing of ultrasonic waves in a flat lens composed of a two-dimensional phononic crystal consisting of a triangular array of steel rods immersed in methanol. The flat lens is embedded in water. Focusing of the ultrasonic field emitted by a point source is analyzed with particular attention paid to the lateral resolution of the lens, i.e., the resolution along the direction parallel to the lens’ surface. The FDTD image is compared to experimental measurements of the pressure amplitude field created by a similar source and lens. Agreements and differences between the calculated and measured images as well as resolutions are reported and discussed. The flow of energy in the phononic crystal lens is calculated and matched to a simple ray tracing analysis of negative refraction in a homogeneous negatively refracting medium.
The effect of distractions on task performance and enjoyment as moderated by regulatory fit

THE EFFECT OF DISTRACTIONS ON TASK PERFORMANCE AND ENJOYMENT AS MODERATED BY REGULATORY FIT by Kimberly A. Leung Every day, distractions keep people from maintaining focus and productivity. Music, in particular, is a distraction that can easily disrupt individuals mentally and physically. However, what if common distractions like music had the power to motivate people towards a goal rather than deter them from it? Regulatory Focus Theory offers an explanation for how this is possible. It posits two motivational foci: promotion and prevention. If individuals are promotion-focused, they seek positive outcomes, and if individuals are prevention-focused, they try to avoid negative outcomes. The current study tested the assumption that avoiding distractions during goal pursuit matched the behavior of someone with a prevention focus better than someone with a promotion focus and simply being in a prevention focus when completing a task could increase an individual’s task enjoyment and performance when distractions were present. Participants were first given a questionnaire to determine their regulatory focus. Then their task was to solve math problems in the presence or absence of music which served as the distraction. The results of 150 participants did not support the hypotheses and showed that, regardless of whether a distraction was present or not, promotionfocused participants performed better and enjoyed the task more than their preventionfocused counterparts.
A generic tight-binding model for monolayer, bilayer and bulk MoS2

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a layered semiconductor which has become very important recently as an emerging electronic device material. Being an intrinsic semiconductor the two-dimensional MoS2 has major advantages as the channel material in field-effect transistors. In this work we determine the electronic structures of MoS2 with the highly accurate screened hybrid functional within the density functional theory (DFT) including the spin-orbit coupling. Using the DFT electronic structures as target, we have developed a single generic tight-binding (TB) model that accurately produces the electronic structures for three different forms of MoS2 - bulk, bilayer and monolayer. Our TB model is based on the Slater-Koster method with non-orthogonal sp3d5 orbitals, nearest-neighbor interactions and spin-orbit coupling. The TB model is useful for atomistic modeling of quantum transport in MoS2 based electronic devices.
MIX: a mosaic Asian anthropogenic emission inventory under the international collaboration framework of the MICS-Asia and HTAP

Abstract. The MIX inventory is developed for the years 2008 and 2010 to support the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) and the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP) by a mosaic of up-to-date regional emission inventories. Emissions are estimated for all major anthropogenic sources in 29 countries and regions in Asia. We conducted detailed comparisons of different regional emission inventories and incorporated the best available ones for each region into the mosaic inventory at a uniform spatial and temporal resolution. Emissions are aggregated to five anthropogenic sectors: power, industry, residential, transportation, and agriculture. We estimate the total Asian emissions of 10 species in 2010 as follows: 51.3 Tg SO2, 52.1 Tg NOx, 336.6 Tg CO, 67.0 Tg NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds), 28.8 Tg NH3, 31.7 Tg PM10, 22.7 Tg PM2.5, 3.5 Tg BC, 8.3 Tg OC, and 17.3 Pg CO2. Emissions from China and India dominate the emissions of Asia for most of the species. We also estimated Asian emissions in 2006 using the same methodology of MIX. The relative change rates of Asian emissions for the period of 2006–2010 are estimated as follows: −8.1 % for SO2, +19.2 % for NOx, +3.9 % for CO, +15.5 % for NMVOC, +1.7 % for NH3, −3.4 % for PM10, −1.6 % for PM2.5, +5.5 % for BC, +1.8 % for OC, and +19.9 % for CO2. Model-ready speciated NMVOC emissions for SAPRC-99 and CB05 mechanisms were developed following a profile-assignment approach. Monthly gridded emissions at a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° are developed and can be accessed from http://www.meicmodel. org/dataset-mix .
Correction to the article A spectral sequence for stratified spaces and configuration spaces of points

We construct a spectral sequence associated to a stratified space, which computes the compactly supported cohomology groups of an open stratum in terms of the compactly supported cohomology groups of closed strata and the reduced cohomology groups of the poset of strata. Several familiar spectral sequences arise as special cases. The construction is sheaf-theoretic and works both for topological spaces and for the etale cohomology of algebraic varieties. As an application we prove a very general representation stability theorem for configuration spaces of points.
From “great expectations” to “hard times”: A longitudinal study of creative graduate new ventures

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how digital creative graduates develop new businesses on graduating from university, and how their creative, business and personal lives interact until their nascent ventures fail financially. Design/methodology/approach – Seven digital creative nascent graduate entrepreneurs were followed for up to five years. Although independently assessed as having promise of business success, they were young and lacked business experience. They were followed through six-monthly semi-structured interviews which investigated their business, creative and personal development. The interviews were transcribed and key statements manually coded and extracted for analysis to identify issues, tipping points and outcomes. Findings – The primary contribution is the finding that, despite a promising beginning and very generous start-up support, all seven nascent ventures failed financially and most were closed down in favour of employment, particularly when personal issues su.
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel iron chelators based on salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Author: Jan Kubeš Supervisors: doc. PharmDr. Jaroslav Roh, PhD. PharmDr. Hana Jansová, PhD. Title of Diploma Thesis: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel iron chelators based on salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone Iron ions (Fe) are required in many vital processes. However, this transition metal may also catalyze reactions which results in the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), e.g. HaberWeiss reaction producing highly toxic hydroxyl radicals. Salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) is a tridental chelator selectively forming complexes with Fe ions. As a result of its low molecular weight and good lipophilicity, SIH can be administered orally. It readily enters the cells, effectively chelates the intracellular Fe ions, and is therefore able to very efficiently inhibit the Fe dependent processes, such as production of ROS, but also the synthesis of some proteins and enzymes and the processes they regulate (e.g., cellular growth and proliferation). In this work we focused on the design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel SIH analogues, in particular the thio analogue of SIH (thioSIH, A), analogues derived from (di)hydroxybenzophenone (B) and 2,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (C) (Figure 1). Figure 1. Structures of SIH and its analogues studied in this work. Sixteen analogues of SIH were successfully prepared and were evaluated for their ability to protect H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury, their toxicity on the same cell line and their antiproliferative effects on HeLa (cervical cancer) cell line. Among the studied compounds, 2,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives showed the most promising results.
Morphology and merom gradients in the Ordovician receptaculitid Fisherites reticulatus

Finney, S.C. , Fisher, D.C., & Nitecki, M.H. 1994. Morphology and merom gradients in the Ordovician receptaculitid Fisherites reticdatus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonicn 38,3/4,233-272. The Middle to Late Ordovician receptaculitid F'isherites retfculatus (Owen 1844) is the most abundant and widespread receptaculitid known, and yet existing descriptions of its morphology do not reach the level of detail achieved in recent studies of other receptaculitid taxa. We present a redescription of the morphology of individual meroms and of the entire thallus, focusing on gradients in merom number and shape. We document positional information not with distance or angular measurements, but in terms of units of organization of the thallus itself, the number of merom sites from a reference pole. Although more labor intensive, this more accurately portrays thallus symmetry and yields a characterization of form that more directly reflects the developmental program of the organism.
Physical Properties, Nutritional Composition and Sensory Evaluation of Cookies Prepared from Rice, Unripe Banana and Sprouted Soybean Flour Blends

The present study was aimed at assessing the physical properties, nutrient composition, and sensory characteristics of cookies produced from blends of rice, unripe banana and sprouted soybean flours. The blending ratios (rice: unripe banana: soybean flours) used for the study were 33.33:33.33:33.33 (T1), 50:30:20 (T2), 30:50:20 (T3), 60:15:25 (T4), and 70:20:10 (T5). The result showed that the physical characteristics, proximate composition, mineral content and sensory attributes of the cookies varied with the proportion of individual flours in the composite mixture. The cookies weight, diameter, thickness and spread ratio ranged from 16.62g, 3.91cm, 0.73cm and 4.44 to 20.14g, 4.20cm, 0.91cm and 5.36 respectively. The spread ratio increased with increased in soybean flour addition. The crude protein and fat contents increased while carbohydrate content decreased with increased in soybean flour incorporation ranging from 10.71%, 15.98% and 69.26% to 14.35%, 19.04% and 61.92% respectively. The Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe and Zn contents in the cookies ranged from 46.28mg/100g, 228.20mg/100g, 7.69mg/100g, 27.15mg/100g, 2.75mg/100g and 1.99mg/100g to 62.30mg/100g, 245.08mg/100g, 10.64mg/100g, 35.20mg/100g, 3.72mg/100g and 2.95mg/100g respectively. Cookies produced from 50% rice, 30% unripe banana and 20% sprouted soybean flour blend as well as 30% rice, 50% unripe banana and 20% sprouted soybean flour blend were the most preferred cookies by the panelists in terms of taste, texture and overall acceptability. It is evident from the study that acceptable cookies of high nutritive value could be produced from blends of rice, unripe banana and sprouted soybean flours. This will increase the utilization of these locally grown crops and reduce wheat importation into the country.
Robust Portfolio Selection with Generalized Preferences: A Methodology for Private Banking

This paper is a first attempt to develop a methodology, consistent with non-linear probability weighting, to construct portfolios for Private Banking customers. Empirical evidence suggests that decision makers transform probability kernels in a non-linear way (Kahneman and Tversky (1992), Prelec (1998)). This has led to the concept of probability weighting function. Standard finance theory, and notably portfolio theory, has not yet dealt with such behavior. Part of the reason is that such behavior is considered non rational. It is first shown how to estimate the preferences from individual customers' data. The paper, then shows that probability weighting may be very rational. Indeed, it may be derived from the maximization of a measure of uncertainty (entropy) given observed data. It is then shown how a dynamic continuous time portfolio choice problem can be easily solved. It is assumed that probability weighting stems from robust behavior in face of parametric uncertainty. With this interpretation, risk behavior determines the functional form of the utility function, whereas probability weighting stems from an information treatment recipe. In fact, our decision maker chooses parameters that maximize a maximum entropy likelihood function. The decision maker internalizes the fact that the observed likelihood is one of many possible. Finally, the subjectively robust parameters can then be used to derive the optimal policy rule of a dynamic continuous time portfolio model.
Influence of welding parameters and post-weld aging on tensile properties and fracture location of AA2139-T351 friction-stir-welded joints

Tensile properties and fracture location of AA2139-T351 friction stir welded joints are studied in the as-welded and post-weld aged condition. The experimental results show that when the joints are free of welding defects, they fail on the advancing side of the HAZ exhibiting a large amount of plastic deformation. When the revolutionary pitch exceeds a threshold value, some micro-defects are formed in the weld nugget due to insufficient heat input. In this case, the joints fail near the weld center, and the fracture occurs in a mixed mode, both ductile and brittle. However, being less ductile, post-weld aged joints are less defect-tolerant and, then, they fracture closer to the weld center, showing a reduced elongation at fracture and an UTS within the order of magnitude of the as-welded joints.
Comparison of clustering methods for study of genetic dissimilarity in soybean genotypes

This study aimed to compare clustering methods based on the dissimilarity measures and get information on genetic diversity in twelve soybean genotypes. The experiment was conducted at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul - Unit Aquidauna. The genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The following quantitative traits were measured: Plant height, first pod insertion height, number of branches and pods, mass of hundred grains and grain yield. It were evaluated the clustering methods Ward, complete linkage, median, mean linkage within group and mean linkage between groups using as dissimilarity measures the mean standardized Euclidean distance (D) and the Mahalanobis’s generalized distance (D²). The diagnosis of multicollinearity revealed adequacy of data to the proposed study. Clustering based on standardized mean Euclidean distance is distinct from those formed based on the Mahalanobis’s generalized distance, being this measure most recommended to quantify the genetic diversity in soybean genotypes based on morphological traits because it presents higher values cophenetic correlation coefficient (CCC) for all clustering methods. The mean linkage between groups’s hierarchical method formed concordant groups for D and D², being recommended for these dissimilarity measures. According to both methods, the cross between the genotypes CD238 with SYN3358 and CD238 with Potencia can generate hybrids with high heterotic effect due to different numbers of loci in which the dominance effects are evident. Key words: Dissimilarity measures, genetic divergence, Glycine max, quantitative descriptors.
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts USING TRAIT ANXIETY LEVEL TO PREDICT EMOTION REGULATION DURING AN ANXIETY-INDUCING SPEECH TASK A Thesis in Psychology by

Despite the recent increase in emotion regulation research, the way that emotion regulation functions in relation to specific emotions remains relatively unelaborated. The present study focuses on how trait anxiety levels influence choice of emotion regulation strategies and how these variables interact to impact physiological responses to anxiety. Given previous findings linking high anxiety with general tendencies to avoid processing emotions, suppress the behavioral response, and uncontrollably vent emotions, we expected to find that individuals with high trait anxiety would use these strategies more than reappraisal to handle in-the-moment anxiety. To test these hypotheses, we recruited 101 participants to complete a laboratory procedure that utilized a speech task to induce anxiety. After anxiety induction but before giving the speech, participants completed the Emotion Regulation Task (ERT), which instructs individuals to choose a topic to write about to deal with their anxiety. Each topic represents one of four emotion regulation strategies: suppression, reappraisal, avoidance, and venting. Throughout the procedure, physiological indicators of sympathetic arousal were collected. Data analyses indicated that most participants chose avoidance regardless of trait anxiety level, but that high trait anxiety significantly predicted choice of suppression over avoidance. In addition, a non-significant trend emerged suggesting that choice of emotion regulation strategy may moderate the relationship between trait anxiety level and physiological arousal. These findings demonstrate that individual differences, such as trait anxiety level, impact the types of emotion regulation strategies that people use, and further influence changes in sympathetic arousal in an anxiety-provoking situation.
Negative shocks and mass persecutions: evidence from the Black Death

AbstractWe study the Black Death pogroms to shed light on the factors determining when a minority group will face persecution. Negative shocks increase the likelihood that minorities are persecuted. But, as shocks become more severe, the persecution probability decreases if there are economic complementarities between majority and minority groups. The effects of shocks on persecutions are thus ambiguous. We compile city-level data on Black Death mortality and Jewish persecutions. At an aggregate level, scapegoating increases the probability of a persecution. However, cities which experienced higher plague mortality were less likely to persecute. Furthermore, for a given mortality shock, persecutions were more likely where people were more inclined to believe conspiracy theories that blamed the Jews for the plague and less likely where Jews played an important economic role.