Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of Vascular Structure of Molar Villi in Complete Hydatidiform Mole by CD-34 Antibody

Vasculature was examined immunohistochemically in the villous stroma in 22 cases of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM). Only antibody CD-34 was able to detect the vasculature. Serial thin and thick sections and squashed preparations of molar villi were stained by CD-34, and sequential photographs of the vasculature were taken and projected on paper, and the vasculature was described and reconstructed. In the stroma of almost all molar villi examined, vessels were found, but their density and structure varied greatly in each molar villus even in the same CHM, and the vessels were irregular in diameter. In fully distended molar villi the vessels often became narrow, continuing like a broken line but eventually vanishing. Generally the density of the vessels was inversely proportional to the grade of the swelling of villi. The vessels sometimes passed through two adjacent molar vesicles. No significant differences in vasculature were found in molar villi at different gestational ages.
Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Cataract

The authors review the available evidence supporting the possible role of oxidative stress in cataract formation from an epidemiological and a clinical point of view. They discuss in more detail what is presently known about the molecular mechanisms of response of the mammalian lens to an oxidative insult and report unpublished data on gene modulation upon oxidative stress in a bovine lens model. Main research endeavors that seem to be a most promising source of new insights into the problem of age-related cataract formation are briefly discussed.
Positive Cooperativity of the p97 AAA ATPase Is Critical for Essential Functions*

p97 is composed of two conserved AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) domains, which form a tandem hexameric ring. We characterized the ATP hydrolysis mechanism of CDC-48.1, a p97 homolog of Caenorhabditis elegans. The ATPase activity of the N-terminal AAA domain was very low at physiological temperature, whereas the C-terminal AAA domain showed high ATPase activity in a coordinated fashion with positive cooperativity. The cooperativity and coordination are generated by different mechanisms because a noncooperative mutant still showed the coordination. Interestingly, the growth speed of yeast cells strongly related to the positive cooperativity rather than the ATPase activity itself, suggesting that the positive cooperativity is critical for the essential functions of p97.
Health-Related and Condition-Specific Quality of Life in Episodic Cluster Headache

Health-related quality of life was studied in 35 episodic cluster headache (CH) patients during and after the cluster period, using a generic (SF-36) and a headache-specific (MSQ2.1) instrument. The results were compared with those of age-and sex-matched migraineurs (n = 53) and healthy persons (n = 62). During the cluster period patients had lower scores than controls in all SF-36 and MSQ2.1 domains. The difference was significant for most SF-36 and all MSQ2.1 domains. Although CH patients had lower scores than migraineurs on most scales, the difference was significant only on SF-36 scores measuring bodily pain and social functioning. There was a good correlation between the two instruments. After the termination of the cluster period the quality of life of patients was similar to that of headache-free controls. Generic and headache-specific QoL are severely impaired in CH and this impairment is at least as severe as in migraine.
Aqueous outflow measurements by continuous tonometry in some unusual forms of glaucoma.

IT HAS been known for a long time that the continuous application of external pressure to the eye produces a decrease in the intraocular tension. The response of healthy eyes to this so-called massage effect was thought to differ characteristically from the response of eyes with glaucoma. In the past, numerous investigators have attempted to utilize this difference as a clinically useful tool in the diagnosis of glaucoma. At first, the dynamometer of Bailliart was used to apply pressure to the eye, and the tension was taken with an ordinary tonometer. Interpretation of the data obtained in such a manner was hindered by a lack of understanding of the relation between intraocular pressure and volume of ocular contents. It was not until the work of Friedenwald 1 in 1937 and 1939 that these relationships were clarified. He devised a table giving the volume of the corneal indentation and the intraocular
Therapist directives: Use and outcomes in China

Abstract We examined relationships among the use of therapist directives, client implementation of directives, and outcome for 43 Chinese therapists and their 96 Chinese clients at a university counseling center in mid-China. The results showed that most directives reported by both therapists and clients asked clients to act on or think about intrapersonal or interpersonal issues. Chinese therapists reported giving fewer, but clients reported receiving a similar number of directives than was found in Scheel et al.'s (1999) American sample. Client-rated fit, difficulty, and therapist influence did not predict client implementation directly, nor did implementation predict client-rated outcome directly. Instead, quantity and acceptability of directives interacted in influencing client implementation and use of directives facilitated client-rated outcome through strengthening working alliance.
Imaging Yellowstone plume‐lithosphere interactions from inversion of ballistic and diffusive Rayleigh wave dispersion and crustal thickness data

Diffusive and ballistic Rayleigh wave dispersion data from three PASSCAL seismic deployments are combined with crustal thickness constraints from receiver function analysis to produce a high‐resolution shear velocity image of the Yellowstone hot spot track crust and uppermost mantle. This synoptic image shows the following crustal features: the eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) high‐velocity midcrustal layer, low‐velocity lower crust beneath the 4.0–6.6 Ma Heise caldera field, high‐velocity lower crust beneath the <2.1 Ma Yellowstone Calderas, and low‐velocity upper crustal volume beneath the <2.1 Ma Yellowstone caldera fields. The low‐velocity lower crust beneath the 4.0–6.6 Ma Heise caldera field is found to extend outward 50–80 km from the ESRP margins, consistent with outflow of the magmatically heated and thickened ESRP lower crust. In addition, the lack of 10 km of crustal thickening of the ESRP crust, associated with the estimated 10 km of magmatic thickening, requires that the ESRP lower crust has flowed outward in a complex fashion governed by preexisting lower crustal strength heterogeneity. Within the northern Wyoming province, the so‐called 7.x km/s lower crustal magmatic layer is found to extend westward to the N‐S oriented pre‐Cambrian rift margin. The high‐velocity, hence high‐density, 7.x layer beneath the <2.1 Ma Yellowstone caldera fields has apparently inhibited heating of the subcaldera lower crust and instead magmatic heat and fluids are exchanged with the country rock above 13 km depth. The narrow 80 km diameter plume imaged by body wave tomograms, after being sheared to horizontal by plate drift, is manifest as a very low velocity (3.9 km/s) layer that is only about 110 km wide. The ESRP mantle lithosphere has been thinned to about 28 km thickness by the plume's transport of heat and magma upward, lateral advection of the lower lithosphere by plume shear, and ongoing lithospheric dilatation.
Quantitative analysis by surface plasmon resonance of CD28 interaction with cytoplasmic adaptor molecules Grb2, Gads and p85 PI3K

CD28 surface receptors provide co-stimulatory signals that are required for full T cell activation. The CD28 cytoplasmic region has one YMNM and two PXXP motifs as a functional motif. Upon CD28 ligation, Grb2, Gads, and the p85 subunit of PI3 kinase are recruited to the CD28 cytoplasmic region. Here, the interactions between these adaptor proteins and CD28 cytoplasmic domains were analyzed using a Biacore surface plasmon resonance biosensor. For all three adaptor proteins, entire molecules bound more tightly to CD28 than did their isolated SH2 domains. For each adaptor, different outcomes of mutation of CD28’s PXXP motifs on binding affinity indicated that only the SH3 domain of Grb2 bound directly. Regarding binding of SH2s to CD28, the SH2 domains of p85 bound more strongly than those of both Grb2 and Gads. Since intact p85 had a 50-fold higher binding affinity than its fragments, and yet the p85-CD28 interaction does not involve SH3-PXXP binding, binding of both N-terminal and C-terminal SH2s to YMNM may create an “avidity” effect. In contrast, when Grb2 and Gads interact with CD28, binding of their SH3 domains may be important. These results suggest that all these interactions are multivalent, through both SH2 and SH3 domains.
Pharmacological blockade of mGlu2/3 metabotropic glutamate receptors reduces cell proliferation in cultured human glioma cells

Glial cell proliferation in culture is under the control of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. We have examined whether this control extends to human glioma cells. Primary cultures were prepared from surgically removed human glioblastomas. RT‐PCR combined with western blot analysis showed that most of the cultures (eight out of 11) expressed group‐II mGlu receptors. In two selected cultures (MZC‐12 and FCN‐9), the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist, LY341495, slowed cell proliferation when applied to the growth medium from the second day after plating. This effect was reversible because linear cell growth was restored after washing out the drug. LY341495 reduced glioma cell proliferation at concentrations lower than 100 nm, which are considered as selective for mGlu2/3 receptors. In addition, its action was mimicked by the putative mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist (2S)‐α‐ethylglutamate. The anti‐proliferative effect of LY341495 was confirmed by measuring [methyl‐3H]‐thymidine incorporation in cultures arrested in G0 phase of the cell cycle and then stimulated to proliferate by the addition of 10% fetal calf serum or 100 ng/mL of epidermal growth factor (EGF). In cultures treated with EGF, LY341495 was also able to reduce the stimulation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, as well as the induction of cyclin D1. Both effects, as well as decreased [methyl‐3H]‐thymidine incorporation, were partially reduced by co‐addition of the potent mGlu2/3 receptor agonist, LY379268. We conclude that activation of group‐II mGlu receptors supports the growth of human glioma cells in culture and that antagonists of these receptors should be tested for their ability to reduce tumour growth in vivo.
Evidence for a ‘plant community economics spectrum’ driven by nutrient and water limitations in a Mediterranean rangeland of southern France

Plant species composition and community functional structure (i.e. trait composition at the community level) result from a hierarchy of environmental filters that constrain which species and traits tend to be dominant in a given habitat. We quantified variation in community functional structure along natural gradients of soil resources using several above‐ and below‐ground parameters and explored links among these attributes to determine whether plant resource economics can be applied at the community level in a Mediterranean rangeland of southern France. Limitation by nitrogen, soil water and soil depth were the main ecological factors driving the functional response at the community level. Most of the community functional parameters considered in this study were more dependent on nitrogen limitation than on the other two factors, mostly related with the acquisition–conservation trade‐off at both the leaf and the root level. We found a strong coordination between above‐ground and below‐ground components, with a high level of concordance along the resource gradients explored. As an example, tissue dry matter content – both in leaves and roots – was positively related to nitrogen limitation. These findings indicate that the leaf economic spectrum paradigm (resource conservation in resource‐poor habitats versus resource acquisition in resource‐rich habitats) can be extrapolated to the below‐ground component and extends to a plant community spectrum. Changes in the functional structure of communities were promoted by two complementary components of variation: (i) the replacement of species with highly contrasting resource‐use strategies and, to a lesser extent, (ii) the intraspecific variation in several above‐ground traits. Synthesis. This study showed that soil water and nutrient limitations are the main drivers controlling functional community structure in the Mediterranean rangelands studied and that shifts in this structure were mainly due to species turnover. In addition, we provided evidence for a plant community economics spectrum, based on a strong coordination between above‐ and below‐ground components in these resource‐limited communities.
Femoral head viability after Birmingham resurfacing hip arthroplasty: assessment with use of [18F] fluoride positron emission tomography.

BACKGROUND Total hip resurfacing has become increasingly popular over the last decade. There remains concern about the effect of the surgical approach on femoral head viability and the role of resurfacing in the management of established osteonecrosis. In view of these concerns, we examined femoral head viability following resurfacing through a modified anterolateral approach. METHODS The viability of the femoral heads of ten patients who had undergone successful unilateral Birmingham hip resurfacing was assessed with use of positron emission tomography in conjunction with the injection of fluorine at a mean of twenty months after surgery. For each patient, in both the hip that had undergone resurfacing and the contralateral nonresurfaced hip, activity was measured in four regions of interest: the lateral aspect of the femoral head, the medial aspect of the femoral head, the lateral aspect of the femoral neck, and the proximal aspect of the femur. The uptake of fluorine in each area was converted to standard uptake volumes. RESULTS No areas of osteonecrosis were seen in the femoral head of any patient. There were no significant differences in the standard uptake volumes as measured in the four regions of the nonresurfaced hips, whereas the median values were higher in all four regions of the resurfaced hips. The difference between the values in the resurfaced hips compared with those in the nonresurfaced hips was only significant (p < 0.05) in the lateral aspect of the femoral head. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes positron emission tomography in conjunction with injection of fluorine as a possible modality for the assessment of femoral head viability after hip resurfacing. Viability following successful Birmingham hip resurfacing performed through a modified anterolateral approach has also been demonstrated. The increase in bone activity that was seen in the resurfaced hips in our study group may be related to bone remodeling or reperfusion of small areas of osteonecrosis. This technique offers the potential to study femoral head perfusion and viability following all types of resurfacing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors on jbjs.org for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Ju n 20 05 The ideal glass transition of Hard Spheres

We use the replica method to study the ideal glass transition of a liquid of identical Hard Spheres. We obtain estimates of the configurational entropy in the liquid phase, of the Kauzmann packing fraction φK , in the range 0.58 ÷ 0.62, and of the random close packing density φc, in the range 0.64÷ 0.67, depending on the approximation we use for the equation of state of the liquid. We also compute the pair correlation function in the glassy states (i.e., dense amorphous packings) and we find that the mean coordination number at φc is equal to 6. All these results compare well with numerical simulations and with other existing theories.
Humanized anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody (Rituximab) treatment for post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder *

Abstract: Introduction: Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) is a consequence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and is a B‐cell hyperplasia with CD‐20 positive lymphocytes. The treatment of PTLD includes reduction/withdrawal of immunosuppression and chemotherapy. This study reports our center experience with humanized monoclonal antibody against CD‐20 (Rituximab) for the treatment of PTLD.
Effects of Surface Conditioning on the Retentiveness of Titanium Crowns Over Short Implant Abutments

Purpose:The integrity and retention of cemented restorations over implant abutments is difficult to achieve when the axial wall height of the abutment is short. Purpose:To compare the effect of different surface conditions on the retentiveness of titanium crowns cemented over short (3 mm) ITI solid abutments using 2 types of cement. Surface pretreatment included sandblasting, silicoating, and application of alloy primer. Methods and Materials:Forty-eight ITI implants and solid abutments 5.5 mm in height were divided into six groups. The axial height of abutments in group I was unaltered to serve as a control. The remaining abutments in (groups II–VI) were reduced to a 3-mm height. Groups I and II were luted with ZnPO4 cement without any surface pretreatment. In groups III and IV, the fit surface of the castings and solid abutments were sandblasted, before luting, with ZnPO4 or Panavia 21, respectively. In group V castings and abutments were sandblasted, pretreated with Siloc Bond, and luted with Panavia 21. In group VI castings and abutments were sandblasted, pretreated with alloy primer, and luted with Panavia 21. Crown retention was measured using a universal testing machine after 1 week of storage in water at 37°C. Results:Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant difference among the groups. Sandblasted castings and abutments pretreated with alloy primer or Siloc Bond before luting with Paravia 21 resin cement exhibited the greatest retentive strength (P < 0.05). Castings luted with zinc phosphate over short ITI solid abutment exhibited the lowest retention (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The retention of titanium castings luted over ITI solid abutments was influenced by axial height, surface texture, surface pretreatment, and type of cement. Phosphoric alloy primer is more effective and less technique sensitive than the Siloc Bond with regard to retention enhancement of titanium castings over short ITI solid abutment.
Modeling and Experimental Verification of TIGBT Detailed Internal Electric Fields Which Lead to Breakdown

Distribution and intensity of electrostatic field in a trench insulated gate bipolar transistor, a key factor in the breakdown of such power semiconductor devices, are investigated using the variational thermodynamic methodology based on device Helmholtz free energy yielding closed-form solutions. Attention is given to quantifying the detailed field effects due to curvature near the bottom of the gate. Our modeling of the bottom edge of the gate uses the shape of a published scanning electron microscopy image of an as-built trench gate. This necessitates an appropriate approach to represent subtle details of the system. We have also examined the modification of electrostatic field and potential in that region due to oxide charge. The electrostatic field is quantified and described for sheet charges of variable polarity, intensity, and position in the oxide. We have employed Fermi-Dirac statistics instead of Boltzmann statistics, which underconstrain mobile electron and hole populations at the operating conditions of the device studied. Our model results are consistent with the device gate breakdown experiments.
Tests of carbohydrate metabolism in carcinomatosis

O c L M m i E D medical literature relating carD cinomatosis antl elevated blood glucose level\ cdri be tiaced back to 1885, when FreundT first reported hyperglyctmia in 62 out ol 7 0 patients with cancer. After the clevelopnicnt of the glucose tolerance test, Edwards5 in 1919, accepteci a normal gluc-ose tolerance curve as strong evidence for excluding the tli,rgnosii of cancer. Normal sugal tolei mce in the pre5eiice of carcinoma siiggestetl to other ot),c~r 1el $ 1 ‘ ) 2 1 <I greater probability of favorable response to palliative therapy. 4ndersen1 i n 1052 I rpoi tetl improvement i n the glucose tolcrance tests of his patients with endometrial ( ; I I ( inomn afwr ,Licc.esslul thet apy, whilr this irnprovement was not noted if the tumor re( i t ~ r c d . Glitk5m;iri a n d Rawsons in 1956 published a large study contrasting the oral glucose tolerance curves of patients with bcnign tliscases arid malignant tumors and reviewed (;uefuily tlie literature up to that time. Their CJWI observations indicatecl a frequen t occuriente of altered carbohydrate metabolism iintl nl frank diabete5 in paticnts with cancers. I,ikcwiw, 13ishop and Mark+ 10 tlemonstrated that nt.opIastic disease is oEten accompanied by i inp i i rd glncose tolerance and decreawtl insulin sensitivity. Vander,*j on the other hand, utili7ing data obtained only from fasting blood sugar \ and 111 inalyscs, found no increased incidence o f diabetes in patients with endometrial carcinoma on reviewing the charts from 1929-1957 of Pondville Hospital, Walpole,
Fluid Management in Sepsis-Is There a Golden Hour (or Two)?

Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal. org 1773 on Resuscitation; the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; the Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care; the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Council on Stroke. Resuscitation 2008; 79:350–379 2. Nolan JP, Soar J, Cariou A, et al; European Resuscitation Council; European Society of Intensive Care Medicine: European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine 2015 guidelines for post-resuscitation care. Intensive Care Med 2015; 41:2039–2056 3. Callaway CW, Donnino MW, Fink EL, et al: Part 8: Post-cardiac arrest care: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation 2015; 132:S465–S482 4. Eastwood GM, Schneider AG, Suzuki S, et al: Targeted therapeutic mild hypercapnia after cardiac arrest: A phase II multi-centre randomised controlled trial (the CCC trial). Resuscitation 2016; 104:83–90 5. Nolan JP, Berg RA, Bernard S, et al: Intensive care medicine research agenda on cardiac arrest. Intensive Care Med 2017 Mar 11. [Epub ahead of print] 6. Donnino MW, Andersen LW, Berg KM, et al; ILCOR ALS Task Force: Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest: An Advisory Statement by the Advanced Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation and the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation. Circulation 2015; 132:2448–2456 7. Zhang Q, Li C, Shao F, et al: Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy of Shenfu Injection and Postresuscitation Bundle in Patients With Return of Spontaneous Circulation After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized, Assessor-Blinded, Controlled Trial. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:1587–1595 8. Mou Z, Lv Z, Li Y, et al: Clinical effect of Shenfu Injection in patients with septic shock: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015:863149 9. Peberdy MA, Callaway CW, Neumar RW, et al; American Heart Association: Part 9: post-cardiac arrest care: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2010; 122(18 Suppl 3):S768–S786