Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The information journey of marketing professionals: Incorporating work task‐driven information seeking, information judgments, information use, and information sharing

Marketing professionals' work activities are heavily reliant on access to and the use of large amounts of quality information. This study aims to examine the information journey experienced by marketing professionals, including task‐driven information seeking, information judgments, information use, and information sharing, from a more contextualized and holistic viewpoint. The information journey presents a more comprehensive picture of user–information interaction than is usually offered in the literature. Using a diary method and post‐diary in‐depth interviews, data consisting of 1,198 diary entries relating to 101 real work tasks were collected over a period of 5 work days. The data were used to ascertain characteristics of the stages of marketing professionals' information journeys as well as the relationships between them. Five stages of the information journey, including determining the need for work task‐generated information, seeking such information, judging and evaluating the information found, making sense of and using the obtained information, and sharing the obtained or assembled information, were identified. The information journey also encompassed types of gaps and gap‐bridge techniques that occurred during information seeking and use. Based on the empirical findings, an information journey model was developed. The implications for information systems design solutions that enable different stages of the information journey to be linked together are also discussed.
Peripersonal space : a multisensory interface for body-objects interactions

Notre habilite a interagir avec les objets du monde necessite l’integration d’informations provenant de differents canaux sensoriels, dans le cadre de la construction d’une representation de l’espace en particulier des informations visuelles et tactiles. L’espace peri personnel et l’integration visuo-tactile ont ete l’objet d’importantes recherche recemment. Des etudes neuro physiologiques chez le primate non-humain ont montre l’existence de neurones bi modaux actives a la fois par des stimulations tactiles et par des stimulations visuelles si ces dernieres etaient presentees pres d’une partie du corps (par exemple la main). Il a ete propose que ces neurones bi-modaux constituent le substrat neuronal de la representation de l’espace peri personnel. Les etudes neuropsychologiques menees chez des patients presentant une extinction cross-modale consecutive a une lesion parietale droite ont permis de suggerer l’existence du meme type de representation de l’espace peri personnel chez l’homme. Les donnees issues des etudes en neuro imagerie fonctionnelle sont venues par la suite conforter cette idee. Plus recemment, a travers l’utilisation d’outils, des donnees acquises chez le primate humain et non humain ont revele les proprietes dynamiques de cette representation spatiale. Selon notre hypothese la representation de l’espace peri personnel est une interface presidant aux interactions du corps avec les objets du monde externe. Nous avons donc evalue le role et l’etat de l’espace peri personnel lors de l’execution de mouvements volontaires vers des objets (comme une simple saisie) et lors de mouvements involontaires d’evitement. Lors d’une premiere serie d’experiences nous avons etudie les coordonnees spatiales du codage des objets qui soudainement se rapprochent du corps grâce a la mesure des potentiels evoques moteurs. Cette etude a revele que l’espace peri personnel joue un role dans la representation des objets approchant le corps et dans la selection des mouvements appropries en reponse. Lors d’une seconde serie d’experiences nous avons utilise un paradigme d’interference visuo-tactile couple a l’enregistrement cinematique des mouvements de saisie afin d’examiner la representation de l’espace peri personnel lors de 1 l’execution d’actions volontaires. Cette approche novatrice nous a permis de mettre en evidence que l’action volontaire induit un recodage en ligne de l’interaction visuo-tactile dans l’espace de prehension. Ce recodage de l’action s’effectue en coordonnees centrees sur la partie du corps qui execute l’action. En conclusion nos etudes experimentales demontrent que l’espace peri personnel est une interface multi sensorielle qui a ete selectionnee a travers l’evolution non seulement pour la gestion des mouvements d’evitement et de defense mais egalement pour l’execution d’actions volontaires.
Predictors of Breast Cancer Screening in a Panel Study of African American Women

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study examines the predictors of breast cancer screening participation in a panel study of African American women over age 40. We examine the effect of depression, age, beliefs and concerns about breast cancer and its risk, communication with social networks regarding screening, marital status, participation in religious organizations, breast cancer family history, and participation in a breast cancer education program. Methods: Participants were recruited from 30 African American churches, two low-income housing projects, and from a health fair at a historically African American University (N = 364). Participants were interviewed upon recruitment, and three months later. Multinomial logistic regression models are estimated to assess the relative impact of covariates on the odds of getting a mammogram while controlling for other factors. We also assess predicted probabilities of screening at specific levels of covariates. Results: We find that age, marriage, an educational intervention, talking with friends, and believing that early detection can lead to cure had a positive impact on getting a mammogram between T1 and T2. In contrast, depression significantly reduces the odds of getting a mammogram. Family histories of breast cancer and church participation have no effect on rates of mammography net of other factors.
Increased Access to Financing and Firm Productivity

We analyze how increased access to nancing a¤ects rm productivity using a large sample of manufacturing rms from the U.S. Census Bureaus Longitudinal Research Database (LRD). We exploit a natural experiment following the interstate bank branching deregulations that increased access to bank nancing and relate these deregulations to rm level total factor productivity (TFP). Our results indicate that rmsproductivity increased subsequent to their states implementing the bank branching deregulations. The increased productivity following the deregulation is long lived. Further, TFP increases after the bank branching deregulations are greater for nancially constrained rms. In particular, rms that are close to but not eligible for nancial support from the U.S. Small Business Administration (and thus more nancially constrained) have higher TFP increases after the deregulation than rms that just satisfy eligibility criteria (and are hence less nancially constrained). Our results support the idea that greater access to nancing can increase nancially constrained rmsaccess to productive projects (i.e., positive NPV projects) that they may otherwise not be able to take up. Our results emphasize that availability of nancing is important not only for startup activity (as prior research suggests), but also for increased productivity and the continued success of existing entrepreneurial and small rms. The research presented in th is pap er was conducted while the authors were Sp ecia l Sworn Status Researchers at the Boston Research Data Center (RDC) of the U . S . Census Bureau . The research resu lts and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily ind icate concurrence of the U . S . Census Bureau . A ll resu lts in th is pap er have b een rev iewed to ensure that no con dentia l in formation is d isclosed . Any errors and om issions are the resp onsib ility of the authors. PRELIMINARY VERSION PLEASE DO NOT CIRCULATE Increased Access to Financing and Firm Productivity
Analysis of an Unreliable Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing System under Multiple Call Collision Results

We analytically model an unreliable opportunistic spectrum sharing (OSS) system through a queueing theoretic framework. Both initiating secondary users and ongoing secondary users sense the channels and perform appropriate activities. The sensing errors from either initiating or ongoing secondary users cause false alarm and misdetection events, which may impose different types of call collision results (CCRs) on both types of users. We study the performance of the OSS system under multiple CCRs and provide numerical results for validation.
Habenula-Induced Inhibition of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Is Diminished by Lesions of the Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus

Neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb) are transiently activated by aversive events and have been implicated in associative learning. Functional changes associated with tonic and phasic activation of the LHb are often attributed to a corresponding inhibition of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. Activation of GABAergic neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), a region that receives dense projections from the LHb and projects strongly to midbrain monoaminergic nuclei, is believed to underlie the transient inhibition of DA neurons attributed to activation of the LHb. To test this premise, the effects of axon-sparing lesions of the RMTg were assessed on LHb-induced inhibition of midbrain DA cell firing in anesthetized rats. Quinolinic acid lesions decreased the number of NeuN-positive neurons in the RMTg significantly while largely sparing cells in neighboring regions. Lesions of the RMTg reduced both the number of DA neurons inhibited by, and the duration of inhibition resulting from, LHb stimulation. Although the firing rate was not altered, the regularity of DA cell firing was increased in RMTg-lesioned rats. Locomotor activity in an open field was also elevated. These results are the first to show that RMTg neurons contribute directly to LHb-induced inhibition of DA cell activity and support the widely held proposition that GABAergic neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum are an important component of a pathway that enables midbrain DA neurons to encode the negative valence associated with failed expectations and aversive stimuli. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Phasic changes in the activity of midbrain dopamine cells motivate and guide future behavior. Activation of the lateral habenula by aversive events inhibits dopamine neurons transiently, providing a neurobiological representation of learning models that incorporate negative reward prediction errors. Anatomical evidence suggests that this inhibition occurs via the rostromedial tegmental nucleus, but this hypothesis has yet to be tested directly. Here, we show that axon-sparing lesions of the rostromedial tegmentum attenuate habenula-induced inhibition of dopamine neurons significantly. These data support a substantial role for the rostromedial tegmentum in habenula-induced feedforward inhibition of dopamine neurons.
Protective effect of the ketogenic diet in Scn1a mutant mice

Purpose: We evaluated the ability of the ketogenic diet (KD) to improve thresholds to flurothyl‐induced seizures in two mouse lines with Scn1a mutations: one that models Dravet syndrome (DS) and another that models genetic (generalized) epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+).
Isolation and Cultivation Methods of Actinobacteria

Actinobacteria (actinomycetes) have been received much attention, as these bacteria pro‐ duce a variety of natural drugs and other bioactive metabolites. The distribution of acti‐ nomycetes in various natural habitats, including soil, ocean, extreme environments, plant, lichens and animals, is described. The collection and pretreatment of test samples from different sources, design principle of selective isolation media, selection of inhibi‐ tors, selective isolation procedures of special actinomycetes, and cultivation methods are introduced and discussed.
Dual Effect of Adenosine A1 Receptor Activation on Renal O2 Consumption

The high requirement of O2 in the renal proximal tubule stems from a high rate of Na+ transport. Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) activation regulates Na+ transport in this nephron segment. Thus, the effect of the acute activation and the mechanisms of A1R on the rate of O2 consumption were evaluated. The A1R‐antagonist, 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine (CPX) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), which metabolize endogenous adenosine, reduced O2 consumption (40–50%). Replacing Na+ in the buffer reversed the ADA‐ or CPX‐mediated reduction of O2 consumption. Blocking the Na/H‐exchanger activity, which decreases O2 usage per se, did not enhance the ADA‐ or CPX‐induced inhibition of O2 consumption. These data indicate that endogenous adenosine increases O2 usage via the activation of Na+ transport. In the presence of endogenous adenosine, A1R was further activated by the A1R‐agonist N6‐cyclopentyladenosine (CPA); CPA inhibited O2 usage (30%) and this effect also depended on Na+ transport. Moreover, a low concentration of CPA activated O2 usage in tissue pretreated with ADA, whereas a high concentration of CPA inhibited O2 usage; both effects depended on Na+. Protein kinase C signaling mediated the inhibitory effect of A1R, while adenylyl cyclase mediated its stimulatory effect on O2 consumption. In summary, increasing the local concentrations of adenosine can either activate or inhibit O2 consumption via A1R, and this mechanism depends on Na+ transport. The inhibition of O2 usage by A1R activation might restore the compromised balance between energy supply and demand under pathophysiological conditions, such as renal ischemia, which results in high adenosine production. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 3093–3104, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Function Testing in Patients with Old Rupture of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Fifteen patients with isolated old rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were examined to judge their functional disability. The following basic factors were used for evaluation: thigh muscle strength testing, stabilometry in a one-leg stance with straight and flexed knee, gait analysis, performance tests, knee function score, activity grading scale, and clinical joint laxity tests. We found that these rehabilitated patients mainly had impaired performance in those tests which greatly stressed the knee joint's sagittal stability. One-leg hop length was impaired for the injured limb. This group of patients had bilateral impairment of postural control compared with a reference group. This dysfunction was not revealed when comparing limbs. A derotation brace (ECKO) had neither a positive nor a negative effect in the tests. Different aspects of knee function evaluation are emphasized. Some of the altered functions are suggested to be due to central adjustments of motor control.
Role of +405C>G and +936C>T polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene and risk of esophageal cancer in the Kashmiri population.

BACKGROUND The gene for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promotes angiogenesis and permeability, is polymorphic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between +936C>T and +404C>G polymorphism of VEGF with risk of esophageal cancer in the Kashmiri population in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS 150 esophageal cancer patients and 150 unrelated healthy controls were genotyped for two VGEF SNPs (+405C/G, and +936C/T) using DNA extracted from prospectively collected blood samples by the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS For the VEGF +936C>T polymorphism a significant association of CT and combined CT+TT genotypes was observed with increased risk of esophageal cancer (p=0.021; 0.024). For the +405C>G polymorphism we observed significantly increased frequency of GG genotype in cases as compared to controls and also the +405 GG Genotype was observed to have a two fold risk(OR=2.7356; 95%CI=1.1409- 6.5593; p=0.020). The combined genotypes of GG-CC and GG-CT of +405C>G and +936C>T were found to be significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer (p=0.0376; 0.0099). CONCLUSIONS From the results of the present study a significant association of +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms with increased esophageal cancer risk exists in the Kashmiri population.
Changes in the firing pattern of globus pallidus neurons after the degeneration of nigrostriatal pathway are mediated by the subthalamic nucleus in the rat

Changes in the neuronal activity of globus pallidus (GP) have been shown in animal models of parkinsonism. In order to study the implication of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in these changes, the effects of STN lesions alone or in combination with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) ‐induced damage to the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) were examined in rats using electrophysiological recordings of GP cells. In normal rats, the firing rate was 22.1 ± 1.4 spikes/s. The pattern was regular in 45%, irregular in 49% and bursty in 6% of the cases. In rats with STN lesions, the firing rate of GP units (20.15 ± 1.25 spikes/s) did not differ from that of normal rats and only regular (46%) and irregular (54%) cells were found; a bursty pattern was not observed. 6‐OHDA lesions of the SNc induced no change in the firing rate of GP neurons (21.5 ± 1.4 spikes/s, P > 0.05) but a significant decrease in the percentage of regular cells (27%, P < 0.001), a significant increase in burst cells (21%, P < 0.001) with no change in the percentage of irregular units (52%) were observed. In rats with combined SNc and STN lesions, the firing pattern did not change from that of normal rats. The present results show that STN lesions induced the disappearance of bursts in normal rats and normalization of firing pattern in the GP units of rats with 6‐OHDA lesions suggesting that the STN plays an important role in the modulation of the pattern of activity of GP neurons which may account for the therapeutic effect of STN lesions in Parkinson's disease.
Mirror Therapy in the Rehabilitation of Lower-Limb Amputation: Are There Any Contraindications?

Casale R, Damiani C, Rosati V: Mirror therapy in the rehabilitation of lower-limb amputation: Are there any contraindications? Objective:Mirror box therapy and its development (immersive virtual reality) is used in pain therapy and in rehabilitation of people with amputation affected by phantom limb-related phenomena. It allows patients to view a reflection of their anatomical limb in the visual space occupied by their phantom limb. There are only limited reports of its possible side effects. Design:We retrospectively reviewed the existence of side effects or adverse reactions in a group of 33 nonselected patients with phantom limb-related phenomena. Results:Nineteen reported confusion and dizziness, 6 reported a not clearly specified sensation of irritation, and 4 refused to continue the treatment. Only 4 of the 33 patients did not have any complaints. Conclusions:Possible reasons for this large number of side effects could be the lack of selection of patients and the fact that the mirror box therapy was paralleled by a conventional rehabilitation approach targeted to the use of a prosthesis. Warnings on the need to select patients, with regard to their psychologic as well as clinical profile (including time from amputation and clinical setting), and possible conflicting mechanisms between mirror box therapy and conventional therapies are presented.
Pitfalls in the use of arachidonic acid oxidation products to assign lipoxygenase activity in cancer cells

Arachidonic acid (AA) reaction with cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX) yield eicosanoids that can mediate prostate cancer proliferation and enhance both tumour vascularization and metastasis. Increasingly measurement of eicosanoids with liquid chromatography is employed to implicate LOX activity in different biological systems and in particular link LOX activity to the progression of cancer in experimental models. This study demonstrates that simply identifying patterns of eicosanoid regio-isomerism is insufficient to designate LOX activity in prostate cancer cells and the analysis must include complete stereochemical assignment of the various isomers in order to validate the assignment of LOX activity.
Effect of Floodplain Obstructions on the Discharge Conveyance Capacity of Compound Channels

Results of an experimental study into steady uniform flows in compound open channels with cylindrical obstructions designed to mimic emergent vegetation is presented. Two configurations—fully covered floodplain and one-line obstructions—are considered, and the hydraulic properties are compared to those of a smooth, unobstructed compound channel. Particular attention is given to the effect of obstruction (i.e., vegetation) density on the rating curve, drag coefficients, and spanwise profiles of streamwise velocity. Flow resistance is estimated using an established approach, and the results are in agreement with other experimental studies. It was shown that the obstruction configuration significantly influences the flow velocity in the main channel, and in the case of one-line obstructions the floodplain velocity is higher than for an unobstructed channel for a given flow rate. Spanwise velocity profiles exhibit markedly different characters in the one-line and fully covered configurations.
MPTP treatment of common marmosets impairs proteasomal enzyme activity and decreases expression of structural and regulatory elements of the 26S proteasome

Dysfunction of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system occurs in the substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is unknown whether this is a primary cause or a secondary consequence of other components of the pathogenic process. We have investigated in nonhuman primates whether initiating cell death through mitochondrial complex I inhibition using 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP) altered proteasomal activity or the proteasomal components in the SN. Chymotrypsin‐like, trypsin‐like and peptidylglutamyl‐peptide hydrolase (PGPH) activating of 20S proteasome were decreased in SN homogenates of MPTP‐treated marmosets compared to naïve animals. Western blotting revealed a marked decrease in the expression of 20S‐α subunits, but no change in 20S‐β subunits in the SN of MPTP‐treated marmoset compared to naïve animals. There was a marked decrease in the expression of the proteasome activator 700 (PA700) and proteasome activator 28 (PA28) regulatory complexes. The 20S‐α4 subunit immunoreactivity was decreased in the nucleus of colocalized tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive cells of MPTP‐treated animals compared to naïve animals but no difference in the intensity of 20S‐β1i subunit staining. Immunoreactivity for PA700‐Rpt5 and PA28‐α subunits within surviving TH‐positive cells of MPTP‐treated marmoset was reduced compared to naïve controls. Overall, the changes in proteasomal function and structure occurring follow MPTP‐induced destruction of the SN in common marmosets were very similar to those found in PD. This suggests that altered proteasomal function in PD could be a consequence of other pathogenic processes occurring in SN as opposed to initiating cell death as previously suggested.