Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bi-Sb energetics in sulfosalts and sulfides

Abstract Experimental brackets (300-450°C) on Sb-Bi partitioning between stibnite-bismuthinites (Sb,Bi)2S3 and sulfosalts in the AgSbS2-AgBiS2 binary subsystem (α-Ag(Sb,Bi)S2, β-Ag5(Sb,Bi)4I(Sb,Bi)IIS10) and extant constraints are used to define mixing properties and standard state Gibbs energies of Sb-Bi exchange reactions. They are also used to construct a phase diagram for Ag(Sb,Bi)S2 sulfosalts. We infer that the non-ideality associated with Sb-Bi mixing is largest in minerals of the β-Ag5(Sb,Bi)4I(Sb,Bi)IIS10 series, and is sufficient to produce miscibility gaps between an ordered intermediate species Ag5(Sb)4I(Bi)IIS10 and Sb- and Bi-end-members at T < 240°C (measured in terms of symmetric regular-solution-type parameters . The non-ideality associated with the Sb-Bi substitution in stibnite-bismuthinite and α-Ag(Sb,Bi)S2 is ≈ 70% that in the Ag5(Sb,Bi)4I(Sb,Bi)IIS10 series (WBi-SbBS ≈ 12.0 kJ/gfw; WBi-Sbα ≈ 6.0 kJ/gfw). It is insufficient to produce exsolution at temperatures of ore deposition (T > Tc ≈ 88°C), but most likely is responsible for a preponderance in molar Sb/Bi ratios towards end-member compositions. Finally, positive Gibbs energies of the Sb-Bi exchange reactions indicate that Bi is more compatible in stibnite-bismuthinite sulfides than in Ag(Sb,Bi)S2 sulfosalts.
Detecting the Underlying Constructs of the Self-efficacy Scale for English Language Learners’ Textbooks (SES-ELLT) through Exploratory Factor Analysis

The present study attempts at determining the inherent components of the validated Self-Efficacy Scale for English Language Learners' Textbooks (SES-ELLT) (Hamedi, Pishghadam, & Ghazanfari, 2013). To this end, 290 language learners from several language institutes of Mashhad (Iran) engaged in the study to examine the underlying dimensions of the scale. Participants were asked to reflect on the importance of the 33 items for the English language textbooks. Afterwards, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was administered to substantiate the construct validity of the scale. Two tests were employed to measure the factorability of the inter-correlation matrix: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) and Bartlett’s test of Sphericity. The results of the two tests demonstrated the appropriateness of the factor model. Finally, the scale revealed five major factors, accounting for 39.94% of the total variance to be used by textbook designers and material developers as a set of empirically based self-efficacy inducing factors.
Networks in New York City

The purpose of this paper is to report findings from an exploratory study of the early implementation of the Common Core Learning Standards in New York City by a sample of charter management organizations (CMOs) and Children First Networks (CFNs). Using the existing literature on policy implementation—specifically the concepts of boundary spanners and mutual adaptation—this research investigated the role of networks as they facilitated the implementation of the new standards. We conducted in-depth interviews with leaders in both types of networks. The interviews focused on the strategies used to implement the Common Core and the challenges faced in the process. Our findings included evidence of varying capacity among CFNs and CMOs. More decentralized networks expressed greater difficulties with the transition, and the existence of a distinct network-level department with exclusively instructional responsibilities facilitated the adoption of the standards.
Cyberbullying: Labels, Behaviours and Definition in Three European Countries

Abstract This study aims to examine students' perception of the term used to label cyberbullying, the perception of different forms and behaviours (written, verbal, visual, exclusion and impersonation) and the perception of the criteria used for its definition (imbalance of power, intention, repetition, anonymity and publicity) in three different European countries: Italy, Spain and Germany. Seventy adolescents took part in nine focus groups, using the same interview guide across countries. Thematic analysis focused on three main themes related to: (1) the term used to label cyberbullying, (2) the different behaviours representing cyberbullying, (3) the three traditional criteria of intentionality, imbalance of power and repetition and the two new criteria of anonymity and publicity. Results showed that the best word to label cyberbullying is ‘cyber-mobbing’ (in Germany), ‘virtual’ or ‘cyber-bullying’ (in Italy), and ‘harassment’ or ‘harassment via Internet or mobile phone’ (in Spain). Impersonation cannot be considered wholly as cyberbullying behaviour. In order to define a cyberbullying act, adolescents need to know whether the action was done intentionally to harm the victim, the effect on the victim and the repetition of the action (this latter criterion evaluated simultaneously with the publicity). Information about the anonymity and publicity contributes to better understand the nature and the severity of the act, the potential effects on the victim and the intentionality.
The Relationship between the Perceived Threat from Information Technology Outsourcing and Job Satisfaction of Information Technology Professionals

This study examines the relationship between the perceived threat of information technology (IT) outsourcing and the job satisfaction of information technology professionals. As corporations intensify their outsourcing activities, incumbent IT professionals are naturally affected in the process. IT professionals who perceived IT outsourcing as a significant threat to their job security reported lower perceived job satisfaction compared to their peers who did not have the same perception. The study also found a significant relationship between the perceived involvement in the IT outsourcing arrangement and job satisfaction as well as a significant relationship between perceived outsourcing outcome and job satisfaction. The implications of these findings are discussed in the post-analysis section.
Talking with Students Through Screencasting: Experimentations with Video Feedback to Improve Student Learning

Changing digital technology has allowed instructors to capitalize on digital tools to provide audiovisual feedback. As universities move increasingly toward hybrid classrooms and online learning, consequently making investments in classroom management tools and communicative technologies, communication with students about their work is also transforming. Instructors in all fields are experimenting with a variety of tools to deliver information, present lectures, conference with students, and provide feedback on written and visual projects. Experimentation with screencasting technologies in traditional and online classes has yielded fresh approaches to engage students, improve the revision process, and harness the power of multimedia tools to enhance student learning (Davis and McGrail 2009, Liou and Peng 2009). Screencasts are digital recordings of the activity on one’s computer screen, accompanied by voiceover narration that can be used for any class where assignments are submitted in some sort of electronic format. We argue that screencast video feedback serves as a better vehicle for in-depth explanatory feedback that creates rapport and a sense of support for the writer than traditional written comments. “I can’t tell you how many times I’ve gotten a paper back with underlines and marks that I can’t figure out the meaning of. ” –Freshman Composition Student1
The evolution of genome and its relationship with social behavior in the honey bee

Background: In the honey bee, the age-related and socially regulated transition of workers from in-hive task performance (e.g., caring for young) to foraging (provisioning the hive) is associated with changes in many behaviors including the 24-hour pattern of rhythmic activity. We have previously shown that the hive-bee to forager transition is associated with extensive changes in brain gene expression. In this study, we test the possible function of a subset of these genes in daily rhythmic activity pattern using neural-targeted RNA interference (RNAi) of an orthologous gene set in Drosophila
Learning to Time (LET) or Scalar Expectancy Theory (SET)? A Critical Test of Two Models of Timing

Two theories of timing, scalar expectancy theory (SET) and learning to time (LeT), make substantially different assumptions about what animals learn in temporal tasks. In a test of these assumptions, pigeons learned two discriminations: On Type 1 trials, they learned to choose a red key after a 1-s signal and a green key after a 4-s signal; on Type 2 trials, they learned to choose a blue key after a 4-s signal and a yellow key after a 16-s signal. Then, two psychometric functions were obtained by presenting them with intermediate durations (1 to 4 s and 4 to 16 s). The two functions did not superpose, and most bisection points were not at the geometric mean of the training stimuli (contra SET); for most birds, the function for Type 2 trials was to the left of the function for Type 1 trials (contra LeT). Finally, the birds were exposed to signals ranging from 1 to 16 s and given a choice between novel key combinations (e.g., red vs. blue). The results with the novel key combinations were always closer to LeT's than to SET's predictions. Observations of the birds' behavior also suggest that, more than being a mere expression of an internal clock, behavior constitutes the clock.
Seasonal changes in bacterioplankton nutrient limitation and their effects on bacterial community composition in the NW Mediterranean Sea

Bacterioplankton growth is expected to depend on the availability of organic and in- organic nutrients. Still, no studies have investigated how the magnitude and type of nutrient limi- tation experienced by marine bacteria change on a temporal scale. We carried out a series of nutrient enrichment experiments to examine the variability in nutrient limitation of bacteria in the NW Mediterranean Sea, at monthly intervals, over an 18 mo period. Short-term enrichment bioassays (24 h incubation) showed that bacterial P limitation could occur throughout the year, but was most pronounced during spring and summer, coinciding with very low concentrations of dissolved in- organic phosphorus and chlorophyll a, and higher N:P ratios. During the non-stratified period in autumn and winter, bacteria were at times strongly C limited. Inorganic nitrogen limitation was not detected at any time. Long-term bioassays with and without enrichment, where growth was moni- tored until stationary phase using the seawater dilution culture approach, largely confirmed the results from the short-term bioassays. Analysis of the bacterial assemblages in these cultures, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, suggested that the growth of some central components of the native bacterioplankton assemblage (i.e. specific Roseobacter and Flavobacteria phylotypes) was restricted due to the limited availability of P in spring and summer. We conclude that seasonal variability in the type and severity of nutrient limitation can substantially contribute to the regulation of bacterioplankton growth and community composition, and thereby affect the turnover of dissolved organic matter and inorganic nutrients in the sea.
Inequality and Happiness: When Perceived Social Mobility and Economic Reality Do Not Match

In this paper, we revisit the association between happiness and inequality. We argue that the interaction between the perceived and the actual fairness of the income generation process affects this association. Building on a simple model of individual labor-market participation under uncertainty, we predict that higher levels of perceived fairness cause higher levels of utility, and lower preferred levels of income redistribution. In societies with a low level of actual social mobility, income inequality is perceived more negatively with increased perceived fairness, due to the need for unexpected policy changes as a response to many unsuccessful investments of overly optimistic individuals. This effect becomes smaller as actual social mobility increases. Using data on happiness and a broad set of fairness measures from the World Values Survey, we find strong support for the negative (positive) association between fairness perceptions and the demand for more equal incomes (subjective wellbeing). We also find strong empirical support for the disappointment effect in countries with low social mobility. Consistent with our theoretical model, the results for high-mobility countries turn out to be ambiguous.
Random walk in cooling random environment: ergodic limits and concentration inequalities

In previous work by Avena and den Hollander, a model of a one-dimensional random walk in a dynamic random environment was proposed where the random environment is resampled from a given law along a growing sequence of deterministic times. In the regime where the increments of the resampling times diverge, which is referred to as the cooling regime, a weak law of large numbers and certain fluctuation properties were derived under the annealed measure. In the present paper we show that a strong law of large numbers and a quenched large deviation principle hold as well. In the cooling regime, the random walk can be represented as a sum of independent variables, distributed as the increments of a random walk in a static random environment over increasing periods of time. Our proofs require suitable multi-layer decompositions of sums of random variables controlled by moments bounds and concentration estimates. Along the way we derive two results of independent interest, namely, a concentration inequality for the cumulants of the displacement in the static random environment and an ergodic theorem that deals with limits of sums of triangular arrays representing the structure of the cooling regime. We close by discussing our present understanding of homogenisation effects as a function of the speed of divergence of the increments of the resampling times.
Contract Labor and Firm Growth in India

Since the late 1990s, large Indian manufacturing firms have increasingly relied on contract workers supplied by staffing companies. By 2011, contract workers accounted for 36 percent of total employment of firms with more than 100 workers. At the same time, the thickness of the right tail of the firm size distribution in formal Indian manufacturing plants has increased, the average product of labor large firms has declined, the volatility of growth rates among large firms has increased, and the probability that large firm si ntroducing new products and use new inputs has increased. We use the geographical heterogeneity in the spread of the use of contract labor due to the initial spatial heterogeneity i nt he spatial distribution of staffing companies to measure the causal effect of the increased suppl yo f contract labor on the relaxation of employments among the large Indian manufacturing establishments.
Indirect Mobilization

Although direct contacts between campaigns and individuals are a central part of the process that encourages political participation, it is often argued that their effects extend beyond the initial contact via a secondary process of indirect mobilization. This article puts that argument to the test by investigating possible connections between direct party contacts and political mobilization in social networks. The results show that the primary social consequence of party contacts is to alter the substance, but not the volume, of politically oriented conversations that occur in social networks. These conversations, in turn, increase the salience of the campaign in the electorate but have only a mild effect on levels of campaign involvement. Although political mobilization does influence social communication, its effect on political involvement is restricted to socially based forms of involvement under limited conditions.
Sovereign Risk and Return in Global Equity Markets

Standard asset pricing models have difficulty explaining cross-sectional differences in observed equity risk premia of developed and emerging markets. We argue that national equity returns are subject to sample selectivity and peso biases. The lack of credible commitment to keep capital markets open (risk of expropriation) leads to these biases. We develop a general equilibrium model for systematic risk (related to market risk and volatility risk) and sample selectivity. We find that after taking account of the sample selectivity bias, our model of systematic risk can account for the differences in risk premia quite well. We estimate the average expropriation risk to be about two-thirds of the ex-post risk premium for emerging economies and close to zero for developed economies. Further, we argue that the measured selectivity bias in equity premia provide valuable economic information regarding the incentives for sovereigns not to expropriate international investors. We find that the measured expropriation risk is related to reputations in capital markets (as argued in Eaton and Gersowitz, 1981) and to the magnitude of trade that an economy conducts (as argued in Bulow and Rogoff, 1989a, 1989b).
Marine EcosystemDynamics and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Community Earth System Model [ CESM 1 ( BGC ) ] : Comparison of the 1990 s with the 2090 s under the RCP 4 . 5 and RCP 8 . 5 Scenarios

The authors compare Community Earth System Model results to marine observations for the 1990s and examine climate change impacts on biogeochemistry at the end of the twenty-first century under two future scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Late-twentieth-century seasonally varying mixed layer depths are generally within 10m of observations, with a Southern Ocean shallow bias. Surface nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations exhibit positive biases at low latitudes and negative biases at high latitudes. The volume of the oxygen minimum zones is overestimated. The impacts of climate change on biogeochemistry have similar spatial patterns under RCP4.5 andRCP8.5, but perturbation magnitudes are larger under RCP8.5. Increasing stratification leads to weaker nutrient entrainment and decreased primary and export production (.30% over large areas). The global-scale decreases in primary and export production scale linearly with the increases in mean sea surface temperature. There are production increases in the high nitrate, low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions, driven by lateral iron inputs from adjacent areas. The increased HNLC export partially compensates for the reductions in nonHNLC waters (;25% offset). Stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions and climate by the end of this century (as in RCP4.5) will minimize the changes to nutrient cycling and primary production in the oceans. In contrast, continued increasing emission of CO2 (as in RCP8.5) will lead to reduced productivity and significant modifications to ocean circulation and biogeochemistry by the end of this century, with more drastic changes beyond the year 2100 as the climate continues to rapidly warm.
A Synoptic Analysis of the Interannual Variability of Winter Cyclone Activity in the Aleutian Low Region

An analysis of cyclone activity in winter associated with years of strong and weak Aleutian low in the North Pacific is presented. From 1958 to 2004, 10 winters with a strong Aleutian low are defined as the strong years, while 8 winters with a weak Aleutian low are defined as the weak years. Employing a system-centered Lagrangian method, some characteristics of the cyclone activity in both sets of years are revealed. The cyclone frequency, duration, and intensity are nearly the same in both strong and weak years. The cyclone tracks in the strong years are more zonal than those in the weak years. More intense cyclone events and more large cyclone cases occur in strong years than in weak years and the deepening of cyclones in strong years is stronger than that in weak years. The analyses of geopotential height, wind, stationary Rossby wavenumber, and Eady growth rate index at 500 or 300 hPa reveal that conditions are favorable for more zonal tracks and greater cyclone growth in strong years than in weak years. An estimation of the relative change of cyclone intensity and the relative change of Aleutian low intensity is made, which shows that the interannual change of cyclone intensity is about 73% of the interannual change of Aleutian low intensity. This result suggests that the evolution of individual cyclones may be a significant driver of changes in the Aleutian low.
Shaping of bacterial community composition and diversity by phytoplankton and salinity in the Delaware Estuary, USA

Pigments Class chc2 perid b_fuco fuco h_fuco neo viola pras allo lut zea chl_b Cyanobacteria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.443 0 Chlorophytes 0 0 0 0 0 0.040 0.030 0 0 0.211 0.024 0.298 Prasinophytes 0 0 0 0 0 0.110 0 0.460 0 0.018 0.080 0.493 Dinoflagellates 0.220 0.750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haptophytes 8 0.179 0 0.129 0.315 0.422 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haptophytes 6 0.143 0 0 0.425 0.404 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cryptophytes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.317 0 0 0 Diatoms 0.22 0 0 0.69075 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pelagophytes 0 0 0.658 0.779 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Contribution of electronic excitation to the structural evolution of ultrafast laser-irradiated tungsten nanofilms

The redistribution of the electron density in a material during laser irradiation can have a significant impact on its structural dynamics. This electronic excitation can be incorporated into two temperature molecular dynamics (2T-MD) simulations through the use of electronic temperature dependent potentials. Here, we study the structural dynamics of laser irradiated tungsten nanofilms using 2T-MD simulations with an electronic temperature dependent potential and compare the results to equivalent simulations that employ a ground-state interatomic potential. Electronic excitation leads to an expansion of the crystal and a decrease in the melting point of tungsten. During laser irradiation these factors ensure that the threshold fluences to the different melting regimes are reduced. Furthermore, both heterogenous and homogeneous melting are predicted to occur more rapidly due to excitation and oscillations in the film thickness will be accentuated.
The Effects of Alcohol on the Interpretation of Social and Emotional Cues: A Field Study of College Student Drinking, Emotion Recognition, and Perceptions of a Hypothetical Sexual Assault

Alcohol use and abuse among emerging adults is highly correlated with increased risk for sexual victimization. Alcohol myopia theory has been used to explain impairments in social information processing resulting in decreased attention to environmental social cues including risk factors for sexual assault as well as facial emotional recognition. Those with deficits in social information processing may be at particular risk for the misperception of salient risk factors for sexual assault by victims, perpetrators, and bystanders when intoxicated. In this naturalistic field study, participants who had been consuming alcohol were recruited to engage in tasks of facial emotion recognition and sexual assault risk detection. Participants listened to a vignette depicting a hypothetical sexual assault and provided ratings assessing the women’s desire to have sex, perceptions of consent, assessment of man’s and woman’s responsibility, and the approval of the behavior in the scenario. Breath alcohol concentration was measured at the conclusion of the study. Bivariate correlations revealed breath alcohol intoxication was negatively related to facial emotion identification. Hypotheses related to the moderation of the BAC and risk detection relationship by emotion identification were not supported. Important sex differences emerged such that women displayed on average, greater ability to identify risk in the hypothetical sexual assault scenario. Future research should seek to isolate the differences in the effects of alcohol on social information processing and specifically to sexual assault risk detection between men and women to inform prevention and bystander intervention programs.