Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Inhibition of Microbial Load on Chicken Eggs with Special References to Egg Quality and Hatchability

A total of 304 random chicken egg samples obtained from layers of Balady and Battery systems. 144 of chicken Balady and Battery eggs (72 of each sample were divided into 18 batches) were used for bacteriological evaluation. Enterobactriacae (94.4, 33.3 and 27.7%), Salmonella (77, 29 and 22%), E.coli (44, 0 and 22%) and Staphylococcus aureus (100, 97 and 98%) were detected in shell, albumen and yolk in Balady eggs, respectively. Battery system showed lower incidence in Enterobactriacae (50, 16.6 and 22%), Salmonella (41.6, 8 and 0%), E.coli (27.7, 9 and 19%) and Staphylococcus aureus (100, 83 and 95%), respectively. Results concluded that the system in which the hens are housed contribute in rate of contamination of eggs. Staphylococcus aureus showed a higher prevalence rate compared to other pathogens in both laying systems. About 160 Balady eggs were selected for studying the effect of different pathogen inhibitors, 80 eggs for detecting preservation after 21 days at room temperature and the other 80 fertile Balady eggs for detecting hatchability and mortality. The efficacy of application of different pathogen inhibitors as Propionic acid at different concentration 10, 30, 50, 70 and 100%, Hydrogen Peroxides (H2O2) 3% and Virkon S 1% on eggs were recorded. Propionic acid10%, Virkon S and H2O2 showed nearly similar significant inhibitory effect on pathogens on egg shells ranged from 86 to 100%, albumin from 33.4 to 100% and yolk from 34.3 to100%, while 30% Propionic acid has highly significant inhibitory effect on pathogen load ranged from 99.8 to100%. About 30% propionic acid concentration had a preservative effect on table eggs for 21 days at room temperature and increasing hatching percent up to 90% and lowering embryonic mortality to10% in fertile eggs. The findings of this study indicate that 30% Propionic acid may be considered as a favorable disinfectant agent for the egg shell spraying.
HyperMacs to HyperBlocks: A Novel Class of Branched Thermoplastic Elastomer

We demonstrate here the great versatility of the macromonomer approach for the synthesis of long chain hyperbranched polymers (HyperMacs) and describe the synthesis of HyperMacs from polybutadiene and poly(methyl methacrylate) using analogous yet modified synthetic strategies. Furthermore, we report the synthesis, morphology, and mechanical properties of an entirely new class of HyperMacs—HyperBlocks—prepared from the coupling of polystyrene−polyisoprene−polystyrene triblock copolymer macromonomers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies show that these unconventional block copolymers undergo microphase separation, but the resulting morphologies lack any long-range order. Tensile testing shows that these materials offer promise as a new class of branched thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Finally, blends of HyperBlock (10%) with a commercial linear TPE produced by Kraton show both enhanced ultimate tensile stress and elongation at break.
Fine compactified Jacobians of reduced curves

To every singular reduced projective curve X one can associate many fine compactified Jacobians, depending on the choice of a polarization on X, each of which yields a modular compactification of a disjoint union of the generalized Jacobian of X. We investigate the geometric properties of fine compactified Jacobians focusing on curves having locally planar singularities. We give examples of nodal curves admitting non isomorphic (and even non homeomorphic over the field of complex numbers) fine compactified Jacobians. We study universal fine compactified Jacobians, which are relative fine compactified Jacobians over the semiuniversal deformation space of the curve X. Finally, we investigate the existence of twisted Abel maps with values in suitable fine compactified Jacobians.
Is Employee Loyalty Research Living in the Shadows? Consolidating Findings into a Future Research Agenda

Employee loyalty is of practical interest for team leaders and organizations as it is assumed to have an impact on both effectiveness and performance. Consequently, it has been researched for decades. Partly because of unresolved overlaps with the competing concept of organizational commitment however, solid knowledge regarding determinants, processes, and consequences is difficult to discern. In light of the fact that a review of the employee loyalty literature is missing so far, this paper aims at providing a systematic stock-taking of relevant studies and their findings in order to identify research gaps and interesting future research opportunities. Our findings suggest the avoidance of using organizational commitment and employee loyalty as synonyms, but to distinguish clearly between them. Additionally, there is a need to differentiate between reference objects of loyalty (e.g., a person, a team, the firm) as well as for exploring interdependencies and more sophisticated cause-effect chains between different antecedents and outcomes. We further identify an apparent lack of loyalty research at the group or team level, as well as with regard to processes that foster or erode loyalty building. This paper contributes to advancing our knowledge about a very relevant phenomenon through consolidating previous research and directing future research efforts.
An elemental and stable isotope assessment of water strider feeding ecology and lipid dynamics: synthesis of laboratory and field studies

SUMMARY 1. Despite the ubiquity and abundance of water striders (Hemiptera: Gerridae) in temperate streams and rivers and their potential usefulness as sentinels in contaminant studies, little is known about their feeding ecology and lipid dynamics. 2. In this study we used stable isotopes of carbon (d 13 C) and nitrogen (d 15 N) and elemental carbon to nitrogen ratios (C ⁄ N) to assess dietary habits and lipid content, respectively, for water striders. 3. To determine diet-tissue fractionation factors, nymphs of the most common species in New Brunswick, Canada, Aquarius remigis were reared in the laboratory for 73 days and exhibited rapid isotopic turnover in response to a switch in diet (C half-life = 1.5 days, N half-life = 7.8 days). Their lipid content increased towards the end of the growing season and resulted in lower d 13 C values. Diet-tissue fractionation factors were established after correction of d 13 C data for the confounding effect of de novo lipid synthesis (strider d 13 Cadj – diet d 13 Cadj = 0.1&, strider d 15 N – diet d 15 N = 2.7&). 4. Water striders from the majority of 45 stream sites (83%) in New Brunswick had less than 50% contribution of aquatic carbon to their diets but showed a gradual increase in the contribution of this carbon source to their diet with increasing stream size. 5. These data indicate that striders exhibit a strong connection to terrestrial carbon sources, making them important users of energy subsidies to streams from the surrounding catchment. However, this dependence on terrestrial organic matter may limit their utility as indicators of contamination of aquatic systems by heavy metals and other pollutants.
Multivariate Tests of Mean–Variance Efficiency With Possibly Non-Gaussian Errors

We develop exact mean–variance efficiency tests of the market portfolio in the context of (conditional and unconditional) capital asset pricing models (CAPM), allowing for a wide class of possibly non-Gaussian error distributions. The proposed procedures are applicable in a general multivariate linear regression framework, and exactness is achieved through Monte Carlo test techniques. We also perform exact multivariate diagnostic checks. Empirical results show that the Gaussian assumption is rejected, temporal instabilities are apparent, and mean–variance efficiency is rejected over several subperiods, but finite-sample methods that allow for nonnormality and conditioning information substantially reduce the number of rejections.
A cross-cultural exploration of ‘wild’ in wilderness therapy: Canada, Norway and Australia

ABSTRACT This paper addresses pluralistic understandings of wilderness in the context of wilderness therapy (WT). The term wilderness perpetuates a modern worldview of place that beyond ‘civilisation’ exists an environment defined by risk, fear and an unpredictable nature. WT utilises outdoor travel and living practices during therapeutic intervention and health promotion although empirical justification for its use of wilderness for therapy is not yet established. This paper provides three cultural perspectives on wild places in relation to WT. These national perspectives are informed by local practices, historical and societal understandings of wilderness and supported by related literature from Canada, Norway and Australia. The authors (1) illustrate a number of contemporary western assumptions about wilderness enshrined in the WT and outdoor adventure literature, (2) cautiously propose core purposes for using wild places for therapy and (3) encourage further development of WT practice and research within national, regional and even across organisational contexts.
Communication and Teleworking: A Study of Communication Channel Satisfaction, Personality, and Job Satisfaction for Teleworking Employees

This study examines teleworkers’ job satisfaction related to the use of and satisfaction with a variety of communication channels and workers’ personality type. U.S. teleworkers (N = 384) completed an online survey and self-reported on dimensions of communication channel satisfaction, job satisfaction, and personality. Results indicated that extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are positively correlated with job satisfaction. Additionally, significant moderating effects were found for the relationship between openness and phone and video communication, and agreeableness and phone communication on job satisfaction. Findings from this study yield important practical implications for organizations including suggestions for optimizing communication satisfaction for employees of differing personality types and recommendations to help organizations effectively hire and retain teleworkers.
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

This paper presents an interpretation of Marx’s rent theory. The three forms of rent, differential rent of type one and two, and absolute rent, have been elaborated and represented through algebra. Marx situated his theory in an agrarian economy characterised by the capitalist mode of production. Such conditions are not present in the agrarian economy of India, yet one can still borrow Marx’s analytical tools, the paper argues, to understand the contemporary agrarian India. Some observations on Indian agrarian economy have been offered in the end.
Chemotherapy-Related Amenorrhea in Breast Cancer: Review of the Main Published Studies, Biomarkers of Ovarian Function and Mechanisms Involved in Ovarian Toxicity

Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women of reproductive age. In Europe and in the United States, approximately 30% of all breast cancers occur before menopause and 15% of women are diagnosed in the reproductive age (age of 45 or younger). Adjuvant chemotherapy prolongs disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), especially in young women, but also induces long-term and severe side effects such as temporary or definitive ovarian function suppression which results in potential loss of fertility and premature exposure to the risks of menopause including cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, hot flashes and genitourinary dysfunctions Bines et al. (1996). The probability of menopause with chemotherapy depends on the type of regimen used and on the age of the patient. In the literature, the estimated risk of amenorrhea varies between 0% and 60% in women younger than 40 years and between 40% and 100% in women older than 40 years. Beyond age and the type of regimen used, important variations reflect different durations of follow-up and variable definitions of menopause and of chemotherapy-related amenorrhea Bines et al. (1996).
Longitudinal Study to Evaluate Riding Trainer Effectiveness in Teenagers

This work is part of a study aimed to test the effectiveness of a virtual riding trainer (Honda Riding Trainer, HRT) as a tool to improve hazard perception in riding. The HRT offers a wide range of scenarios within urban, seaside, mountain, and countryside areas. During the simulation, the rider can interact with more than 350 other vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians, experiencing the most common potential accident configurations. In each course, seven or eight hazard scenes are present. The scenes are set to allow the rider to avoid the danger associated with reducing the speed of the motorcycle or changing lanes when anticipating the hazard. Previous studies proved that participants participating in a riding training program showed improvement in hazard avoidance. Twenty-four participants, who were supposed to ride a moped in the following 12 months, were involved in this research. The authors studied their behavior on 12 different riding courses on the HRT; one year later they attended the same program. The aim was to compare their performance at the follow up with that achieved one year prior during the training phase. Results confirmed expectations with a high level of avoided-accidents and consistent maintenance of the same level of skills in recognizing hazards and in riding safety.
Latin American Immigration in the United States: Is There Wage Assimilation Across the Wage Distribution?

Immigration has been one of the main driving forces that have contributed to shape the United States as it is today. The current wave of immigration started in 1965 and has different characteristics to the previous inflows of immigrants1.In particular, the 1965 Immigration Act had an impact in shifting the national origin of U.S. immigrants mostly to Latin Americans and Asians, widening therefore the gap between natives and immigrants in terms of language and culture (Card, 2005). Since immigration from Latin America has constituted between 40 and 50 percent of total immigration in the current wave, and giventhat Latin Americans are relatively less skilled than U.S. natives and other immigrants, it is worth studying the wage differentials that potentially exist between natives and Latin American immigrants.
Interior sphere property of attainable sets and time optimal control problems

This paper studies the attainable set at time T>0 for the control system $$\dot y(t)=f(y(t),u(t))\,\qquad u(t)\in U$$ showing that, under suitable assumptions on f , such a set satisfies a uniform interior sphere condition. The interior sphere property is then applied to recover a semiconcavity result for the value function of time optimal control problems with a general target, and to deduce C 1,1 -regularity for boundaries of attainable sets.
Decoherence and degradation of squeezed states in quantum filter cavities

Squeezed states of light have been successfully employed in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors to reduce quantum noise, thus becoming one of the most promising options for extending the astrophysical reach of the generation of detectors currently under construction worldwide. In these advanced instruments, quantum noise will limit sensitivity over the entire detection band. Therefore, to obtain the greatest benefit from squeezing, the injected squeezed state must be filtered using a long-storage-time optical resonator, or "filter cavity", so as to realise a frequency dependent rotation of the squeezed quadrature. Whilst the ultimate performance of a filter cavity is determined by its storage time, several practical decoherence and degradation mechanisms limit the experimentally achievable quantum noise reduction. In this paper we develop an analytical model to explore these mechanisms in detail. As an example, we apply our results to the 16 m filter cavity design currently under consideration for the Advanced LIGO interferometers.
Mach Reflection during the Oblique Interaction of a Condensed-Phase Explosive Detonation Reaction Zone with a Rigid Wedge

The equation-of-state (EOS) and reaction-zone (RZ) models used for gas-phase and condensed-phase explosives are substantially different. The EOSs used for condensed-phase explosives are much stiffer and the mass densities are much larger than those of gaseous explosives. Also, the power delivered by condensed-phase explosives is orders of magnitude greater than what a gas-phase explosive can deliver. Additionally, the reaction rates used to model condensed-phase explosives are often taken to be weakly pressure dependent, while those used for gaseous explosives are taken to be highly temperature dependent. All this taken together along with the fact that pressure decreases while temperature increases through the RZ, leads to the reaction rate being greatest near the shock front for condensed-phase explosive while it is greatest near the end of the RZ for gas-phase explosives. These differences lead to the hydrodynamic structures resulting from the RZ models used for these two classes of explosives being different. Because of the high pressures generated by condensed-phase explosives, any material confinement is deformed in multidimensional configurations, and due to the stiffness of their EOSs, the detonation shock is relatively smooth but broadly curved, with shock curvature being measured in distances of many Zeldovich-von Neumann-Doring (ZND) RZ lengths. In similar multidimensional configurations, the detonation shock in gaseous explosives is rough when measured on the RZ length scale, with the lead shock being flat on average.
Rate coefficients and kinetic isotope effects of the X + CH[subscript 4] → CH[subscript 3] + HX (X = H, D, Mu) reactions from ring polymer molecular dynamics

The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Abstract The thermal rate coefficients and kinetic isotope effects have been calculated using ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) for the prototypical reactions between methane and several hydrogen isotopes (H, D, and Mu). The excellent agreement with the theoretical rate coefficients of the H + CH 4 reaction obtained previously from a multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) calculation on the same potential energy surface provides strong evidence for the accuracy of the RPMD approach. These quantum mechanical rate coefficients are also in good agreement with the results obtained previously using the transition-state theory with semi-classical tunneling corrections for the H/D + CH 4 reaction reactions. However, it is shown that the RPMD rate coefficients for the ultralight Mu reaction with CH 4 are significantly smaller than the experimental data, presumably suggesting inaccuracies in the potential energy surface. Significant discrepancies between the RPMD and transition-state theory results have also been found for this challenging system.
On Stability Analysis for Generalized Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delays

This paper deals with the problem of stability analysis for generalized neural networks with time-varying delays. With a suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) and Wirtinger-based integral inequality, sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the asymptotic stability of the concerned networks are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). By applying the proposed methods to two numerical examples which have been utilized in many works for checking the conservatism of stability criteria, it is shown that the obtained results are significantly improved comparing with the previous ones published in other literature.
0 THE ROLE OF DIELDRIN IN THE DECLINE OF THE OTTER ( LUTRA LUTRA ) IN BRITAIN : THE ANALYTICAL DATA

Spatial and temporal analyses of contaminant levels in otters are often essential for determining whether pollutants exert an effect at the population level. Such analyses usually require comparison and integration of data from different studies and laboratories but this can be problematic if the ways in which contaminants have been quantified has varied markedly. In this paper, we reviewed 33 studies on contaminant levels in otters, quantified how the approach, quality and reporting of the chemical analysis varied, and highlighted the critical factors that need to be incorporated into the analysis so that data from different studies can be integrated. The types of contaminants, the samples analysed, and the analytical methods used differed substantially between otter studies. However, none of these factors were likely to prevent integration of contaminant data for otters provided that good quality assurance and control procedures were carried out and reported. Provision of quality assurance data was inconsistent in the otter studies that were reviewed and it is recommended that reporting of sample weights, moisture and lipid content of samples, limits of detection and recovery data should be considered an essential requirement for contaminant studies.
Teaching emotion recognition to children with autism: effects of two computer displayed interventions

This study was conducted to determine if a computer-based intervention would be effective for increasing the emotion recognition ability of twin adolescents with autism and severe communication deficits. In the first experiment, the participants viewed The Transporters, with and without prompting, and they did not demonstrate increased emotion recognition ability. In the second experiment, the intervention included the Applied Behaviour Analysis teaching technique, general case analysis. Prompting and reinforcement was used to teach the twin participants multiple examples of emotional expressions demonstrated by videotaped actors. Examples of facial actions were also taught in an attempt to enhance the participants’ discrimination ability. In the second experiment, the scores for one of the participants increased for recognition of happy, sad, and surprised, and he demonstrated generalization ability. The second participant mastered one emotional expression, surprised, and he was able to generalize to a novel set of stimuli.