Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast MoM Analysis of the Shielding Effectiveness of Rectangular Enclosures With Apertures, Metal Plates, and Conducting Objects

The evaluation of the shielding effectiveness (SE) of rectangular metallic enclosures having apertures in their walls and loaded with conducting bodies is the subject of this paper. The conducting objects can be either modifications of the inner part of the enclosure (e.g., simple metal plates or protrusions of the walls) or elements to be protected from external fields (e.g., printed circuit boards or metallic boxes). The SE of such enclosures is thus investigated through an efficient integral formulation based on the method of moments. The proposed approach makes use of a very fast computation of the enclosure Green's functions, based on the Ewald representation and interpolation techniques. The analysis shows that the classical SE of enclosures (calculated when a uniform plane wave impinges on the aperture of an empty enclosure) can be a very tricky figure of merit since the field inside the shield can be seriously affected by the possible presence of 2-D or 3-D conducting loads, especially in the frequency range above the first resonant frequency of the aperture-enclosure system. Comparisons with full-wave results obtained through different commercial software confirm the validity of the proposed technique and its excellent performance.
The Impact of Open Market Operations on the Government Bond Market: Microstructure Evidence

I examine the impact of the Fed's open market operations on the US government bond market. I find that bond market bid-ask spreads are greater, while market depth, trading volume and average trade size are smaller on days when the Fed conducts repo auctions than on days without such operations. I also find that bond returns volatility is significantly higher on days the Fed implements only regular overnight open market operations than on days when both short- and long-term operations are undertaken. I explain these findings with inventory risks vs. collateral reassignment problems faced by primary dealers.
Paenibacillus cavernae sp. nov., isolated from soil of a natural cave.

A Gram-reaction-variable, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain C4-5T, was isolated from soil of a natural cave. Cells were oxidase- and catalase-positive and formed endospores in sporangia. The 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that the organism formed a distinct clade within the genus Paenibacillus and was most closely related to Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6T ( = KCTC 13623T) (96.85 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) followed by Paenibacillus doosanensis CAU 1005T ( = KCTC 33036T) (94.82 %). The following chemotaxonomic features of strain C4-5T are typical for the genus Paenibacillus: meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, the major fatty acids of anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 and the DNA G+C content of 54.8 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and four unidentified aminophospholipids. The phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented support that strain C4-5T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C4-5T ( = KCTC 33652T = DSM 100100T).
Alteration of oxide-trap switching activity at operating condition by voltage-accelerated stressing

It is found that voltage-accelerated stressing can change the switching activity of a time-zero oxide defect measured under operating condition. The defect can be rendered either less active or more active by the applied stress, implying a possible modification of its atomic structure. With the impact of oxide trapping on MOSFET channel conduction becoming increasingly important as device dimension decreases, the observed stress-induced alteration of trap-switching behavior under operating condition should be a consideration in the reliability assessment of small-area devices.
Real Estate Finance and Investments

Part One Introduction 1 Real Estate Investment: Legal Concepts 2 Basic Real Estate Financing: Notes and Mortgages 3 Mortgage Law Foundation: The Time Value of Money Part Two Financing Residential Properties 4 Fixed Rate Mortgage Loans 5 Adjustable and Floating Rate Mortgage Loans 6 Mortgages: Additional Concepts, Analysis, and Applications 7 Single Family Housing: Pricing, Investment, and Tax Considerations 8 Underwriting and Financing Residential Properties Part Three Financing Income Properties (Debt and Equity) 9 Income-Producing Properties: Leases, Rents, and the Market for Space 10 Valuation of Income Properties: Appraisal and the Market for Capital 11 Investment Analysis and Taxation of Income Properties 12 Financial Leverage and Financing Alternatives 13 Risk Analysis 14 Disposition and Renovation of Income Properties 15 Financing Corporate Real Estate Part Four Financing Proposed Projects 16 Financing Project Development 17 Financing Land Development Projects Part Five Alternative Real Estate Financing and Investment Vehicles 18 Structuring Real Estate Investments: Organizational Forms and Joint Ventures 19 The Secondary Mortgage Market: Pass-Through Securities 20 The Secondary Mortgage Market: CMOs and Derivative Securities 21 Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) 22 Real Estate Investment Performance and Portfolio Considerations Index
Molecular evidence and marine snake origins

A molecular phylogeny was used to refute the marine scenario for snake origins. Nuclear gene sequences suggested that snakes are not closely related to living varanid lizards, thus also apparently contradicting proposed relationships between snakes and marine mosasaurs (usually considered to be varanoids). However, mosasaurs share derived similarities with both snakes and living varanids. A reanalysis of the morphological data suggests that, if the relationships between living taxa are constrained to the proposed molecular tree, with fossil forms allowed to insert in their optimal positions within this framework, mosasaurs cluster with snakes rather than with varanids. Combined morphological and molecular analyses also still unite marine lizards with snakes. Thus, the molecular data do not refute the phylogenetic evidence for a marine origin of snakes.
Customer preferences versus managerial decision-making in open innovation communities: the case of Starbucks

Customers can participate in open innovation communities posting innovation ideas, which in turn can receive comments and votes from the rest of the community, highlighting user preferences. However, the final decision about implementing innovations corresponds to the company. This paper is focused on the customers' activity in open innovation communities. The aim is to identify the main topics of customers' interests in order to compare these topics with managerial decision-making. The results obtained reveal first that both votes and comments can be used to predict user preferences; and second, that customers tend to promote those innovations by reporting more comfort and benefits. In contrast, managerial decisions are more focused on the distinctive features associated with the brand image.
The effect of orally administered zinc sulfate (ZNSO4) on healing incised wounds.

Abstract The effect of orally administered zinc sulfate was studied in sutured musculofascial wounds of normal rats. When tested on post-operative day 7, wound tensile strength of the treated animals was not significantly different from that of the controls. Both groups of animals thrived and gained similar amounts of weight. Thus it appears that orally administered zinc does not significantly affect the sutured musculofascial wound of the experimental animal.
A STUDY ON GENOTYPES OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AMONG HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS IN KHUZESTAN PROVINCE

Introduction and objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a member of Hepadnaviridae and a major causative agent of chronic and acute hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Genotype determination of HBV is based on PCR-RFLP and sequencing of genome of the virus. The genotype formation is mainly due to mutations of HBV precore, S, and YMDD (tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate motif in the C domain of the HBV DNA polymerase gene) genome area. Moreover, some of the mutant HBV remains undetectable by serological tests (occult hepatitis). Since the genotypes of HBV and occult hepatitis B has not been studied in our area, this study was conducted to determine both occult hepatitis B infection and genotypes among hemodialysis patients. Materials and methods: Two hundred and fifty hemodialysis patients were selected in this study. The sera of the patients were collected and the extracted DNA was used as template of PCR to amplify a 479bp fragment of the viral genome. The PCR products were digested by Ava2 and Mbo1 restriction enzymes. Based on RFLP patterns, the genotypes were determined. The HBV markers including; HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis Bc antibody (HBcIgG), hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B virus e antibody (HBeAb) were carried out for all the patients by ELISA test. Results: Fifty (20%) out of 250 sera showed positive HBV by PCR. Out of the 50 positive cases for HBV, 46(92%) belonged to genotype D2 and 2(4%) cases of them were B6 genotype. Ten cases were positive for HBV by PCR test but negative by ELISA test (4% occult hepatitis). Conclusion: Prevalence of HBV infection was high among the dialysis patients (20%), and occult hepatitis B was 4% in these patients. The dominant genotype of HBV was D2 (92%) followed by genotypes B6 (4%) in hemodialysis patients.
Timing Variables in Reading and Language: The Relation of Naming Speed and Motor Speed to Auditory Temporal Processing

Naming speed, motor skill, and auditory temporal processing (ATP) are constructs that are important to reading and language. These variables require processing timing information inherent in the stimulus or processing stimuli rapidly. ATP deficits are found in individuals with reading impairments, but studies are conflicting regarding the relationship between reading and ATP. This study examined relationships between naming speed, motor speed, and ATP, and centered on possible factors why inconsistencies have occurred across studies examining the association between reading and ATP. If the timing element of naming speed (rapid automatized naming-RAN) and of motor speed is common to ATP, then RAN and motor speed should predict thresholds for three auditory tasks (CMR, backward masking, and the precedence effect with TOJ) known to require temporal processing. Tasks were administered to adult participants in order to examine the effects with skilled readers. Many of the variables were skewed and there were multiple outliers that altered the analyses. Ultimately, 75 participants were included in the final data set. Results indicated that RAN did not predict thresholds for any of the masking tasks given. However, motor speed predicted thresholds for one CMR and two backward masking tasks, suggesting that motor speed should be controlled for in research assessing the contribution of ATP to reading or language. Neither naming speed nor motor speed predicted localization performance. Non-verbal intelligence predicted performance on several of the masking tasks, consistent with previous research. Performance on all three auditory tasks was similar to that reported in the literature assessing smaller samples of participants. Although the suggestion of a general timing component is not supported, the relationships found between motor speed and several auditory temporal measures indicate that the underlying timing elements are not independent. INDEX WORDS: Reading, Language, Auditory temporal processing, Naming speed, Motor speed, Adults TIMING VARIABLES IN READING AND LANGUAGE: THE RELATION OF NAMING SPEED AND MOTOR SPEED TO AUDITORY TEMPORAL PROCESSING
The Moderating Role of FDI Motives and Embeddedness on the Performance of Foreign and Domestic Firms in Emerging Markets

Foreign firms entering emerging markets are usually assumed to be superior to the domestic competitors in the host country. Their superior firm specific advantages (FSAs) allow them to outcompete incumbent rivals and to internalize the gains from foreign direct investment (FDI) entirely. Most of these results are based on resource or efficiency seeking FDI. More recently, the motive for FDI in these markets has shifted to market seeking. A consequence of this shift is the need for foreign firms to get deeper embedded in the institutional envi-ronment of the host country. The institutional environment of emerging markets is consid-erably different from developed countries. Coping with the institutional obstacles of a host country can be assumed to moderate the ability of a foreign firm to exploit its FSAs. We ana-lyze the impact of the firm's degree of embeddedness on its performance in emerging mar-kets using the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey Manufacturing Sector Module data on 15,715 firms from 78 emerging markets. We use the degree of localization of sourcing and sales to measure the degree of embeddedness in the host country market. We find that both dimen-sions are subject to a reversed U-shaped function. That is, by extending the degree of local sales and local sourcing up to a certain percentage, a firm can realize positive performance growth by becoming more embedded into the emerging market, but beyond this point, the performance impact is negative. We also find that foreign firms involved in local sales seem to lose part of their ability to exploit their ownership advantages as compared to foreign firms that export their production.
Filamin isogene expression during mouse myogenesis

The developmental pattern of filamin gene expression has been studied in mouse embryos by using in situ hybridization. The probes used were isoform specific, 35S‐labeled antisense complementary ribonucleic acids (cRNAs) to the 3` untranslated region (3` UTR) of muscle‐specific and nonmuscle‐specific filamin genes. Northern blot and in situ hybridization results showed that nonmuscle‐specific filamin transcripts had a size of 9.5 kb and were expressed in all nonmuscle tissues. Labeling was most intense in tissues containing a substantial proportion of epithelial and smooth muscle cells. Muscle‐specific filamin transcripts had a size of 10 kb and were expressed primarily in cardiac and skeletal muscle. The expression of muscle‐specific filamin messenger ribonucleicacids (mRNAs) was detected in heart at 8.0 days after coitum, whereas that in the myotomes of somites was not detected until 10.5 days after coitum. The expression of muscle‐specific filamin mRNAs in heart and in skeletal muscle continued through the subsequent days of myogenesis. The results showed that muscle‐specific filamin gene transcripts are detected before the formation of myotubes in vivo. This is the first study of filamin gene expression at the early stages of skeletal muscle development. Dev Dyn 2000;217:99–108. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SMALL FARMERS, MONEYLENDERS AND TRADING ACTIVITY

In this paper, the authors show how an interlinkage between the credit and output markets is an endogenous outcome of credit market imperfections. Also, such interlinkages are Pareto optimal. This is worked out under the assumption of infinite availability of funds with the money lender. If, however, the lender faces a loanable funds constraint, it is not optimal for him to interlink, and he charges monopoly rates of interest. The paper, therefore, endogenously develops various forms of trading and lending activities. Copyright 1987 by Royal Economic Society.
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Coffea arabica in the Republic of Yemen

Objective: This study describes the status of mycorrhizal fungi in coffee ( Coffea arabica ) in the Yemeni ecosystems. Methodology and results: Soil samples were extracted from the rhizosphere of the coffee tree groves in several regions of Yemen. The frequency and the level of colonization of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inside the root bark were measured by assigning an index of mycorrhization from 0 to 5 (Derkowska et al., 2008). The results showed that the AM fungal colonization structures were hyphae, coils and vesicles. The mycorrhizal frequency and intensity reached respectively 100 and 48 % in the Taiz 2 site. The highest spore density was in the order of 100 spores/100 g of soil and the genus Glomus was dominant. The tentative identification test of VAM (Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae) species, isolated from the rhizosphere of the coffee trees, revealed the presence of five fungal species:, Glomus proliferum, G. etunicatum, Acaulospora sporocarpia, Acaulospora sp.1, Archeospora sp. 1, Scutellospora nigra . Conclusion and application of results: In all the studied sites the coffee roots were mycorrhized. These results demonstrate the existence of opportunities for the application of controlled mycorrhization in the coffee Seedlings nurseries. Keywords: Yemen, Coffea arabica, rhizosphere, endomycorrhizae.
What Most Affects A Firm' s Costs: Internal or External Factors, or Both?

The main purpose of this study is to investigate what kind of internal and external factors most affect a firm' s costs. We consider governance structure and business diversification strategy as internal factors and regulation and competition as external factors. By using 358 observations comprised of Japanese firms from public utility and manufacturing industries from 1989 to 2002, we estimate the translog cost function. The main findings are as follows: (i) The governance factor has an important effect on a firm' s cost structure. As the ratio of foreign shareholders increases and there is more dependence on one main bank, the costs of a firm decrease. (ii) The rate of increase in total costs for diversification is relatively low. A 1% increase in business segments leads to only a 0.1 or 0.2% increase in total costs. (iii) The regulation factor does not affect the cost structure. (iv) Compared with the regulation factor, the competition factor shows a quite clear effect on a firm's cost reduction. Overall, our empirical result suggests that governance structure as an internal factor and competition as an external factor are especially important for cost reduction.
Organophosphate pesticide exposure and dialkyl phosphate urinary metabolites among chili farmers in northeastern Thailand.

BACKGROUND Chlorpyrifos and profenofos are organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), we studied exposure and urinary metabolites in an agricultural area in the northeastern of Thailand during the chili-growing season (March - April) in 2012. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess pesticide exposure concentration through dermal and inhalation pathways and to find and depict a relationship between urinary metabolites and means of exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS To estimate the pesticides exposure concentration, dermal wipes (hand, face, and feet), dermal patches and air samples were collected from 38 chili farmers. The morning void of pre and post application urine samples was an indicator of biological monitoring in the study which derived from 39 chili farmers. RESULTS Chlorpyrifos and profenofos residues were detected on dermal patches, face wipes, and hand wipe samples, while no significant residues were found on the feet. Using a personal air sampling technique, all air samples detected pesticide residues. However, significant correlation between dermal pesticide exposure concentration and inhalation was not found (p>0.05). For urinary metabolite levels, there was a relationship between the first pre application morning void and post application morning void (p < 0.05); similar to the association between the first pre application morning void and the second post application morning void (p < 0.05). The main relationship between pesticide exposure and urinary metabolite was found to have been relevant to dermal exposure (r= 0.405; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study could suggested that public health education training programs, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), should be offered for the chili growing farmers in order to improve their ability to properly use pesticides. KEY WORDS pesticide exposure, chili farmers, urinary metabolites, organophosphate pesticides.
Classifying Temporal Relations by Bidirectional LSTM over Dependency Paths

Temporal relation classification is becoming an active research field. Lots of methods have been proposed, while most of them focus on extracting features from external resources. Less attention has been paid to a significant advance in a closely related task: relation extraction. In this work, we borrow a state-of-the-art method in relation extraction by adopting bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) along dependency paths (DP). We make a “common root” assumption to extend DP representations of cross-sentence links. In the final comparison to two state-of-the-art systems on TimeBank-Dense, our model achieves comparable performance, without using external knowledge, as well as manually annotated attributes of entities (class, tense, polarity, etc.).
A Comparative Study of Human Corneal Keratocyte and Endothelial Cell Density During Aging

Purpose To investigate whether the human corneal keratocyte density changes during aging. Methods Comparative data on keratocyte and endothelial cell density (ECD) were obtained from 178 normal corneas (89 persons ranging in age from 30 weeks of gestation to 90 years). Keratocyte density was quantified by using biochemical measurements of the stromal DNA/mass content within the central 7-mm diameter zone (sDNA) (1 U equals 1 μg DNA per milligram of dry tissue weight), whereas central ECD was assessed after alizarin red staining. Results In the first decade of life, there was a mean sDNA of 1.64±0.29 U, corresponding to 6.22±1.1 × 104 keratocytes per mm3. A direct correlation between keratocyte density and donor age was found (r = −0.49; p < 0.0001) with a physiologic decline of 0.3% per year throughout life (density = 6.30 × 104 keratocytes per mm3 - 190 × age). A similar decrease of 0.3% per year was observed in the ECD during adulthood, whereas the annual decline was 2.9% during infancy and childhood. The interindividual variation in keratocyte density was of the same magnitude as that seen in ECD. Moreover, keratocyte density was positively correlated with ECD (r = 0.23; p < 0.001); however, after correcting for age by multiple regression analysis, this correlation disappeared, indicating that keratocytes and endothelial cells form distinct cell populations. Conclusions The study demonstrates a linear loss of human corneal keratocytes as a function of age, a loss that parallels the well-established decline in ECD.
C 4 d deposits and a new diagnostic modality for amyloidosis

Amyloidosis is characterized by the deposition of misfolded protein in various organs. The diagnosis of amyloidosis is based on the detection of amyloid deposits by Congo red stain under polarized microscopy. This study was done to investigate C4d deposition in amyloidosis and to determine whether C4d staining can be used as a new diagnostic tool for amyloidosis. This retrospective study included 32 patients who underwent biopsy at our medical center. The samples were stained by Congo red and C4d immunohistochemical stain, respectively. The biopsy samples from 18 patients who had been finally diagnosed with amyloidosis were included as the amyloidosis group, and 14 patients diagnosed with fibrosis were included as the control group. C4d was detected in 17 of 18 amyloidosis patients. On the other hand, in the control group, C4d deposit was not observed in any patient diagnosed with fibrosis. C4d immunohistochemical staining can be a highly useful modality for the diagnosis of amyloidosis. Furthermore, C4d can be applied as a tool for the differential diagnosis of amyloidosis and fibrosis.