Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medication Use by Female Sex Workers for Treatment and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Chiang Rai, Thailand

Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) in Thailand are at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Although regular attendance at public STD clinics is required, FSWs may frequently use medications obtained in the community for STDs. Objectives: To determine the frequency of use of medications for STDs from sources other than public STD clinics among FSWs in Thailand and to describe factors associated with such medication use. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey of FSWs attending the public STD clinic in Chiang Rai, Thailand, was performed. Results: Of the 200 FSWs interviewed, 55% had ever used medications to treat or prevent STDs from a source other than a public STD Clinic, and 36% had done so in the prior year. Most use (79%) was to treat STD symptoms, and medication was most frequently obtained directly from a pharmacy (54%). This use of community medication for STDs was associated with younger age, non‐Thai ethnicity, seeking STD treatment during the current clinic visit, and brothel‐based sex work. Conclusions: Use of medications from various sources in the community was common among these FSWs. Further research is needed to determine the appropriateness of this treatment. Innovative methods to ensure adequate quality STD care by community providers and to improve the health‐care‐seeking behaviors of these high‐risk women are needed.
Progress towards the realization of MMIC technology at submillimeter wavelengths: A frequency multiplier to 320 GHz

The authors report on the design, analysis and performance of an all GaAs MMIC multiplier for use at submillimeter wavelengths. A novel method for coupling power in and out of the MMIC chip via a broadband photoetched ridge-waveguide-to-microstrip transition has been developed and used for this implementation. Measurements on the first iteration chipset, which implements a Schottky varactor diode doubler to 320 GHz, show a conversion efficiency of 2.8% at an input power level of 15 mW. This performance is shown to be extremely well predicted by commercially available circuit simulators: HP MDS and Ansoft Maxwell. A second iteration chipset, based upon the excellent agreement between the numeric simulator and measurements on the existing circuit, is nearly complete and is expected to yield even better performance.
Packaging of mycosporine-like amino acids in dinoflagellates

Synthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) can significantly protect phyto- plankton cells against damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation, depending on the concentration, type and cellular distribution of these UV sunscreens. We addressed the hypothesis that MAAs are concen- trated around UV-sensitive organelles for improved efficiency, thereby increasing their 'package effect'. This was investigated for 2 species of MAA-producing dinoflagellates, with comparative analyses of a MAA-free diatom. Spectral absorbance of dinoflagellates suspended in their growth medium was relatively small throughout the MAA-absorbing region despite high concentrations of these compounds (determined by HPLC), suggesting that MAAs are highly packaged in intact cells. The measured in vivo absorbance of suspended and filtered phytoplankton cells revealed an extra- cellular release of water-soluble MAAs during freezing. The release of MAAs upon thawing enabled the calculation of an MAA packaging index based on the comparison between absorption character- istics before (MAAs inside cells in suspension) and after freezing (MAAs released from cells on thawed filters). Additionally, MAA packaging was evaluated from the reconstruction of absorption spectra from the individual MAA concentration. Consistent with our hypothesis, the results showed that UV absorption was up to 80% lower in the intact cells relative to the MAAs dissolved in solution. These results imply a high degree of MAA packaging in these dinoflagellates, that may increase the protection efficiency for specific cellular targets.
Modulation of the activity of central serotoninergic neurons by novel serotonin1A receptor agonists and antagonists: a comparison to adrenergic and dopaminergic neurons in rats.

In this study, we used a complementary in vivo electrophysiological and (in individual rats) neurochemical approach to characterize the actions of chemically diverse serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor ligands at central 5-HT1A autoreceptors as compared to dopamine (DA) D2 autoreceptors and presynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (ARs). The novel, high efficacy, 5-HT1A agonists, WY 48,723 (an arylpiperazine), (+)-flesinoxan (a benzodioxane) and S 14671 and S 14506 (methoxynaphtylpiperazines) mimicked the aminotetralin, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT), in inhibiting the firing of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) neurons. Similarly, the firing rate of DRN neurons was reduced by the "partial" agonists, MDL 73005EF, BMY 7378, NAN-190, tandospirone and the novel pyrimidinylpiperazine, zalospirone. Furthermore, S 14489, S 15535 and S 15931, novel benzodioxopiperazines, which behave as antagonists at postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, inhibited completely DRN firing, whereas the methoxyphenylpiperazine, WAY 100,135, and the aryloxoarylamine, (-)-tertatolol, were ineffective. Indeed, in analogy to spiperone, both WAY 100,135 and (-)-tertatolol behaved as apparently competitive antagonists in that, in their presence, the dose-response curves for inhibition of DRN firing by S 14671, S 14506 or 8-OH-DPAT were shifted in parallel to the right with no loss of maximal effect. In distinction to WAY 100,135 and (-)-tertatolol, a further novel, putative "antagonist," SDZ 216-525 (a benzoisothiazolpiperazine) weakly inhibited the electrical activity of the DRN. With the exception of (-)-tertatolol, which behaved as a weak agonist, a very similar pattern of inhibition of 5-HT turnover was seen in the striatum (innervated by the DRN), the hippocampus and the hypothalamus (DRN and median raphe nucleus) and the spinal cord (nucleus raphe magnus), with the striatum displaying the greatest sensitivity. Drug potency for inhibition of firing and turnover was highly correlated (r = 0.80-0.82) and these actions were significantly correlated to affinity at (hippocampal) 5-HT1A receptors (r = 0.62-0.73). As concerns DA D2 autoreceptors, the agonist action of apomorphine in reducing DA turnover were mimicked only by 8-OH-DPAT, whereas the majority of the other 5-HT1A ligands, in analogy to raclopride, enhanced DA turnover. The facilitation of DA turnover appeared to reflect direct blockade of DA D2 autoreceptors because potency was correlated powerfully to affinity at these D2 sites (r = 0.89). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Effect of quadriceps femoris muscle stretch on knee extension torque.

Peak and angle specific knee extension torques produced after a quadriceps femoris muscle stretch and after a 15-second rest were compared to determine the effect of stretch on knee extension torque. Twenty healthy subjects performed eight maximum voluntary knee extensions at 90 degrees/sec under each condition. Although peak torque and torques at 15, 30, 45, and 60 degrees from full extension were measured, knee extension torque was only significantly greater (p less than .02) at 60 degrees of knee flexion after quadriceps femoris muscle stretch. The absolute difference, which was only a mean 4.9 N X m (3.6 ft-lb), was not substantial. When quadriceps femoris muscle stretch is a consequence of passive knee flexion at 90 degrees/sec, knee extension torque is apparently facilitated only during the initial part of the knee extension movement. Therefore, in healthy patients, a muscle stretch, such as used in this study, is probably of little therapeutic value.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in an orthotopic mouse model metastasizes intrahepatically in cirrhotic but not in normal liver

Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains poor mainly because of intrahepatic metastasis. In the majority of cases, HCC is found in conjunction with liver cirrhosis. It is, therefore, of great importance to investigate the invasive and metastatic behavior of HCC in cirrhotic liver. To examine this, a liver cirrhosis model was produced by injecting thioacetamide i.p. into mice. Murine HCC cells were labeled with the fluorescent carbocyanine dye, DiI, and implanted directly under the capsule of cirrhotic and normal livers of syngeneic mice. DiI‐labeled HCC cells in the liver were observed under fluorescent and confocal microscopy. Histological analysis of cirrhotic and normal livers revealed that implanted HCC cells migrated to and invaded the adjacent periportal regions, but not the adjacent centrolobular areas. This characteristic behavior of HCC was more evident in cirrhotic liver than in normal liver. Furthermore, intrahepatic metastasis to unimplanted hepatic lobes was observed in cirrhotic liver as early as 7 days after implantation, while it was not detected in normal liver even 4 weeks later. Thus, an orthotopic animal model for HCC with cirrhosis described here may be suitable for investigating the invasive and metastatic behavior of HCC. Importantly, labeling tumor cells with a fluorescent dye before orthotopic implantation may be a convenient and useful method to investigate the invasive and metastatic behavior of various types of cancer. Int. J. Cancer 80:471–476, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sister chromatid exchange [SCE] in blood lymphocytes of bovine leukaemia virus infected cattle

The exchanges between sister chromatids were detected with the fluorescence plus Giemsa technique, in which the thymine analogue, bromodeoxyuridine, was used for DNA labelling. This method was used to examine the influence of bovine leukaemia virus on chromosomal disorders in bovine blood lymphocytes. In metaphasal chromosomes of BLV infected lymphocytes, numerous sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were found. In chromosomal spreads of lymphocytes of BLV infected cows there were 6.5–13.0 SCEs per metaphase. In the control animals, only a small number of spontaneous SCEs (0–2.0) were found (P<0.01). The obtained results indicated that BLV may cause chromosomal disorders in lymphocytes of leukaemic cattle.
Analisis Kesantunan Berbahasa Berbasis Gender dalam Interaksi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMA Negeri 6 Sidenreng Rappang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan realisasi prinsip kesantunan berbahasa berupa pematuhan dan penyimpangan maksim siswa terhadap guru berdasarkan perspektif gender dalam interaksi pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di kelas X SMA Negeri 6 Sidenreng Rappang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data melalui pengamatan langsung, perekaman, dan pencatatan. Penentuan pematuhan dan penyimpangan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa didasarkan pada indikator kesantunan berbahasa yang diturunkan dari teori Leech.Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah transkripsi data dari hasil rekaman; mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasi, dan mengklarifikasi data; menyalin ke dalam kartu data; menganalisis kartu data; dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa laki-laki lebih sering melakukan pematuhan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa kepada guru perempuan dibandingkan kepada guru laki-laki dan lebih sering melakukan penyimpangan kepada guru laki-laki dibandingkan kepada guru perempuan. Sedangkan siswa perempuan lebih sering melakukan pematuhan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa kepada guru perempuan dibandingkan kepada guru laki-laki dan lebih sering melakukan penyimpangan kepada guru laki-laki dibandingkan kepada guru perempuan. Kata Kunci: Kesantunan berbahasa, gender, prinsip kesantunan, interaksi pembelajaran
Source Identification for Printed Documents

Technological advances in digitization with a variety of image manipulation techniques enable the creation of printed documents illegally. Correspondingly, many researchers conduct studies in determining whether the document printed counterfeit or original. This study examines the several statistical feature sets from Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Spatial filters, Wiener filter, Gabor filter, Haralick and fractal filters to identify text and image document by using support vector machine (SVM) and decision fusion of feature selection. The average experimental results achieves that the image document is higher identification rate than text document. In summary, the proposed method outperforms the previous researches and it is a promising technique that can be implemented in real forensics for printed documents.
Immunotoxin combined with chemotherapy for patients with AIDS‐related non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma

The objective of this study was to develop and test a combined therapeutic approach for patients with AIDS‐related lymphoma (ARL), employing agents with independent mechanisms of action and nonoverlapping toxicity. This study was designed to test the feasibility and tolerance of combining low dose chemotherapy with infusional immunotoxin in the treatment of ARL patients.
Commensal bacteria influence innate status within gingival tissues: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of commensal bacteria to the innate defense status of gingival tissue by examining the expression of innate host defense mediators in germ-free and conventionally reared groups in both BALBc/ByJ and SCID C.B17 mice. METHODS Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was utilized to determine the constitutive levels within each gingival tissue set (N = 5) for: E-selectin, P-selectin, interleukin-(IL)-8 homologue, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1beta, intercellular adhesion molecule-(ICAM)-1, ICAM-2, and vascular adhesion molecule-(VCAM)-1. In addition, IL-1beta protein content was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Gingival samples revealed that only IL-1beta mRNA expression among all mediators examined was significantly reduced in conventionally reared mice (P<0.01) compared to germ-free mice. In contrast, IL-1beta protein levels were significantly (P <0.001) higher in conventionally reared mice compared to germ-free animals. Conventionally reared and germ-free SCID C.B17 mice revealed a similar pattern in regard to reduced IL-1beta mRNA and significantly increased IL-1beta protein (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Commensal microbial colonization influences innate host defense mediator expression of IL-1beta at both the mRNA and protein levels in healthy periodontal tissue in mice.
Sonographic evaluations in elite college baseball athletes

This study compared the thickness of the biceps and supraspinatus tendons, the widths of the subacromial space in the frontal and scapular planes, and abnormal sonographic findings in the shoulders of injured, and uninjured elite college baseball athletes and healthy controls. This study recruited two groups of 42 and 12 athletes, with and without histories of shoulder injuries, respectively, as well as one control group of 16 college students who were matched for physical characteristics but not involved in sports. The results showed that the thickness of the biceps and supraspinatus tendons and the subacromial space widths at 0° and 90° shoulder abduction in the frontal plane were significantly greater in the athletes than in the controls (P‐values <0.004). The occurrences of the acromioclavicular joint bulging, bicep tendon degeneration, infraspinatus tendon degeneration and infraspinatus cortical irregularity differ significantly between the injured athlete and the group of uninjured athletes and controls (P‐values <0.05). However, only infraspinatus tendon degeneration corresponded to the injury histories. There was a high similarity of sonographic spectrum of abnormal findings among the groups. Longitudinal follow‐ups are required to determine the clinical importance of the sonographic spectrums and the occurrences of abnormal finding in asymptomatic athletes' shoulders.
Identification of Functionally Critical Residues in the Channel Domain of Inositol Trisphosphate Receptors*

Background: Mutagenesis was used to gain insights into the structure/function of IP3R channels. Results: Only 5 of 22 residues mutated proved essential for channel function. Conclusion: We propose that Ile-2588 and Ile-2589 are at the channel gate. Arg-2596, His-2630, and His-2635 maintain the structure of the pore and facilitate contacts critical for channel gating. Significance: A revised model of channel gating is proposed. We have combined alanine mutagenesis and functional assays to identify amino acid residues in the channel domain that are critical for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) channel function. The residues selected were highly conserved in all three IP3R isoforms and were located in the cytosolic end of the S6 pore-lining helix and proximal portion of the C-tail. Two adjacent hydrophobic amino acids (Ile-2588 and Ile-2589) at the putative cytosolic interface of the S6 helix inactivated channel function and could be candidates for the channel gate. Of five negatively charged residues mutated, none completely eliminated channel function. Of five positively charged residues mutated, only one inactivated the channel (Arg-2596). In addition to the previously identified role of a pair of cysteines in the C-tail (Cys-2610 and Cys-2613), a pair of highly conserved histidines (His-2630 and His-2635) were also essential for channel function. Expression of the H2630A and H2635A mutants (but not R2596A) produced receptors with destabilized interactions between the N-terminal fragment and the channel domain. A previously unrecognized association between the cytosolic C-tail and the TM 4,5-loop was demonstrated using GST pulldown assays. However, none of the mutations in the C-tail interfered with this interaction or altered the ability of the C-tail to assemble into dimers. Our present findings and recent information on IP3R structure from electron microscopy and crystallography are incorporated into a revised model of channel gating.
Analysis on the dynamic relationship between the R&D capacity and trade of China's furniture industry

China's furniture industry has grown rapidly over the past 10 years, making China an important furniture exporter in the world. This paper focuses on the evolution path of R&D capacity and trade of China's furniture industry and their relationship, analyzes the impact of changes in external factors on R&D capacity, trade and profits, and makes predictions for R&D capacity, trade and profits. A dynamic model of R&D capacity, trade and profits for China's furniture industry is established in this paper based on the data from 1993 to 2008, five methods are used for model estimation and the result derived from the 3SLS method is selected according to the performance of the empirical estimation. The result of regressions shows that the R&D capacity of China's furniture industry acts negatively on its net exports and profit, which means the R&D capacity does not contribute much to net exports and profit increment, in spite of the noticeable increases in research expenditure. Also, the result indicates that the R&D efforts of China's furniture industry are more oriented towards enhancing the industry's learning capacity, but less towards encouraging innovation capacity. Research expenditure grows rapidly mainly because Chinese furniture manufacturers, taking advantages of their comparative advantages in cheaper labors, tend to gain market access by simply copying their competitors' products. The prediction of this model for 2009~2015 shows that China's furniture industry will continue to grow steadily if no substantial changes take place in the current conditions. The present development of China's furniture industry is somehow irrational and its competitive advantage will be easily lost when labor cost increases or when there is sharp fluctuation in the market. Therefore, the R&D efforts of China's furniture industry shall have to shift their emphasis from fostering learning capacity to fostering innovation capacity.
Psychological Consequences of the Kegworth Air Disaster

Background The study sought to quantify psychiatric morbidity among survivors of a major air crash and to identify aetiological factors linked with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method Sixty-eight of the 79 survivors (86%) were assessed at a clinical interview within one year of the disaster. The majority also completed the General Health Questionnaire, the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and the Zung Anxiety and Depression Scales. Results Fifty-four of the study group (79%) met DSM–III–R criteria for a psychiatric disorder within one year of the disaster, of whom 27 (50%) had PTSD. Those who saw injured or dead people at the scene, or had sustained less severe injuries as measured by their Injury Severity Scores, or were under 35 years old, were significantly more likely to develop PTSD. Conclusions High rates of psychiatric morbidity are found in survivors of transportation disasters. Further studies are needed to identify those at most risk and to evaluate the benefits of psychological intervention.
Analysis of Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Essential Modulator (NEMO) Binding to Linear and Lysine-linked Ubiquitin Chains and Its Role in the Activation of NF-κB*

Background: Binding of NEMO to ubiquitin chains is essential for the activation of NF-κB. Results: Full-length NEMO preferentially binds linear ubiquitin chains in competition with lysine-linked ubiquitin chains. NEMO binding linear di-ubiquitin is sufficient for full NF-κB activation. Conclusion: NEMO is a high affinity receptor for linear ubiquitin chains and a low affinity receptor for long lysine-linked ubiquitin chains. Significance: Ubiquitin binding selectivity of NEMO is crucial for understanding the NF-κB activation pathways. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) essential modulator (NEMO), a component of the inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) complex, controls NF-κB signaling by binding to ubiquitin chains. Structural studies of NEMO provided a rationale for the specific binding between the UBAN (ubiquitin binding in ABIN and NEMO) domain of NEMO and linear (Met-1-linked) di-ubiquitin chains. Full-length NEMO can also interact with Lys-11-, Lys-48-, and Lys-63-linked ubiquitin chains of varying length in cells. Here, we show that purified full-length NEMO binds preferentially to linear ubiquitin chains in competition with lysine-linked ubiquitin chains of defined length, including long Lys-63-linked deca-ubiquitins. Linear di-ubiquitins were sufficient to activate both the IKK complex in vitro and to trigger maximal NF-κB activation in cells. In TNFα-stimulated cells, NEMO chimeras engineered to bind exclusively to Lys-63-linked ubiquitin chains mediated partial NF-κB activation compared with cells expressing NEMO that binds to linear ubiquitin chains. We propose that NEMO functions as a high affinity receptor for linear ubiquitin chains and a low affinity receptor for long lysine-linked ubiquitin chains. This phenomenon could explain quantitatively distinct NF-κB activation patterns in response to numerous cell stimuli.