Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring Fear Change Within Exposures: Functionally-Defined Habituation Predicts Outcome in Three Randomized Controlled Trials for Pediatric OCD

Objective: This study measured a variety of within-exposure fear changes and tested the relationship of each with treatment outcomes in exposure therapy. Method: We coded 459 videotaped exposure tasks from 111 participants in 3 clinical trials for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; POTS trials). Within exposures, fear level was observed continuously and alongside exposure process. Fear change metrics of interest were selected for relevance to mechanistic theory. Fear decreases were classified by function; nonhabituation decreases were associated with observed nonlearning processes (e.g., avoidance), whereas habituation decreases appeared to result from an internal and indirect process. Outcomes were posttreatment change in symptom severity, global improvement, and treatment response. Results: Greater cumulative habituation across treatment was associated with larger reductions in symptom severity, greater global improvement, and increased odds of treatment response. Fear activation, fear variability, and nonhabituation fear decreases did not predict any outcomes. Exploratory analyses examined fear changes during habituation and nonhabituation exposures; higher peak fear during nonhabituation exposures was associated with attenuated global improvement. Conclusions: Habituation is conceptually consistent with multiple mechanistic theories and should continue to be investigated as a practical marker of initial extinction learning and possible moderator of the relationship between fear activation and outcome. Results support the importance of functional and frequent fear measurement during exposures, and discussion considers implications of these findings for future studies aiming to understand learning during exposure and improve exposure delivery.
The Effects of Media Capabilities on the Rationalization of Online Consumer Fraud

This research develops and tests a model of online consumer fraud to determine how the capabilities of communication technologies affect the rationalization of fraudulent behaviors. The model is based on research about the rationalization of fraud, media capabilities, and computer-mediated deception. This investigation empirically tests this model by analyzing 459 Facebook advertisements and 1,896 surveys completed by university students. The findings indicate that the capabilities provided by communication technologies affect the extent to which media mask cues of deceit and dehumanize others. As a result, some media capabilities increase one’s willingness to engage in fraudulent behaviors while other capabilities deter those actions. Media capabilities that mask cues of deceit and reduce social presence increase the inclination of individuals to rationalize fraudulent activities, while media capabilities that expose cues of deceit and increase social presence deter individuals from rationalizing acts of fraud. Media offering greater capabilities for reprocessability and transmission velocity decrease the inclination to rationalize fraud, whereas greater capabilities for anonymity, rehearsability, and parallelism increase the inclination to rationalize fraud. In contrast, symbol set variety does not appear to significantly affect the inclination to rationalize fraud.
p75 Neurotrophin Receptor: A Double-Edged Sword in Pathology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System

The low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75NTR is a major neurotrophin receptor involved in manifold and pleiotropic functions in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). Although known for decades, its entire functions are far from being fully elucidated. Depending on the complex interactions with other receptors and on the cellular context, p75NTR is capable of performing contradictory tasks such as mediating cell death as well as cell survival. In parallel, as a prototype marker for certain differentiation stages of Schwann cells and related CNS aldynoglial cells, p75NTR has recently gained increasing notice as a marker for cells with proposed regenerative potential in CNS diseases, such as demyelinating disease and traumatic CNS injury. Besides its pivotal role as a marker for transplantation candidate cells, recent studies in canine neuroinflammatory CNS conditions also highlight a spontaneous endogenous occurrence of p75NTR-positive glia, which potentially play a role in Schwann cell–mediated CNS remyelination. The aim of the present communication is to review the pleiotropic functions of p75NTR in the CNS with a special emphasis on its role as an immunohistochemical marker in neuropathology. Following a brief illustration of the expression of p75NTR in neurogenesis and in developed neuronal populations, the implications of p75NTR expression in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are addressed. A special focus is put on the role of p75NTR as a cell marker for specific differentiation stages of Schwann cells and a regeneration-promoting CNS population, collectively referred to as aldynoglia.
An improved credit card users default prediction model based on RIPPER

With the vigorous development of the financial sector, financial risks are showing a tendency of diversification, which the customer credit risk of commercial Banks in particular. As a result, the customer credit risk is generally taken into account by financial institutions, credit evaluating model emerges as the times require. At present, many researches have concentrated on enhancing the precision of the model, ignoring the interpretability, which makes it difficult to apply in industry; Compared to Precision, the study of interpretable model is relatively small, moreover, due to imbalanced data sets, the accuracy of existing models is not high. Therefore, this study proposes an improved model based on RIPPER algorithm. For the problem of credit card data sets imbalanced distribution, using the synthetic minority class sampling algorithm to equalization samples, then taking advantages of rules generated by RIPPER algorithm to forecast default credit card users. To test performances of the model, we use the real Taiwan credit card customer datasets for the empirical research. From perspectives of the model accuracy and interpretability, comparing the proposed SRIPPER model with the existing mainstream models, results of experiments indicate that the proposed model obtains good results. This study demonstrates that the proposed credit card user default prediction model SRIPPER has certain practical application value.
The use of laser assisted hatching of frozen/thawed embryos versus laser assisted hatching of fresh embryos in human intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Abstract Cryopreservation of human embryos has become an essential part of assisted reproduction. It limits the number of embryo transferred while supernumerary embryos can be transferred in subsequent cycles, however, it is associated with zonal hardening, which lowers the success rate in the majority of (ICSI) centres, associated with decreased implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rates. Assisted hatching has been used to induce microdissection of the zona pellucida. Many techniques have been used, such as mechanical, chemical, piezo and laser techniques. Aim: To compare the efficacy of laser assisted hatching of vitrified embryos and fresh embryos with regards to implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate. Study design: Prospective randomised study. Patients and methods: One hundred twenty women with fresh embryos scheduled for (ICSI) were randomised in two groups; laser assisted hatching (LAH) group (test group), containing 60 women and the other is (non LAH) (control group). Second group with 120 women with frozen embryos were randomised in (LAH group) and (non LAH group). On the day of embryo transfer, 1.48 μm Infrared Diode laser, class 1 M, was used in test group to induce zonal microdissection, the quality and safety of embryos is assessed morphologically after hatching. On the other hand, the zona of the control group were left intact. Both clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were estimated. Results: Laser assisted hatching group had clinical pregnancy and implantation rates of 38% and 50%, respectively. Non laser assisted hatching group had lower clinical pregnancy and implantation rates; 30% (p = .442) and 33% (p = .095), respectively, with no statistically significant difference p < . 05. Conclusion: LAH does not improve statistically both pregnancy rate and implantation rate in fresh embryos. However, there is improvement in both implantation and pregnancy rate in Vitrified group.
Frequency and Predictors of Axillary Lymph Node Metastases in Iranian Women with Early Breast Cancer

Background: Axillary lymph node metastasis is the most important predictive factor for recurrence risk and survival in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with metastatic involvement of axillary lymph nodes in Iranian women with early breast cancer. Methods: This article reports a retrospective study of 774 patients with T1-T2 breast cancer who underwent resection of the primary tumor and axillary staging by SLNB and/or ALND between 2005 and 2015 at our institution. Results: Of the 774 patients included in this study, 35.5% (275 cases) had axillary lymph node involvement at the time of diagnosis. Factors associated with nodal involvement in univariate analyses were tumor size, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), tumor grade, ER/PR status and HER2 expression. All factors identified with univariate analyses were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model and tumor size (OR= 3.01, CI 2.01–4.49, P <0.001), ER/PR positivity (OR = 1.74, CI 1.1.16–2.62, P = 0.007) and presence of LVI (OR = 3.3.8, CI 2.31–4.95, P <0.001) remained as independent predictors of axillary lymph node involvement. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of this study suggests that positive hormonal receptor status, LVI and tumor size are predictive factors for ALNM in Iranian women with early breast cancer.
Integrated approach in the control and management of skin neglected tropical diseases in Lalo, Benin

Background Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of several communicable diseases prevalent in the tropical and subtropical areas. The co-endemicity of these diseases, the similarity of the clinical signs, and need to maximize limited financial and human resources have necessitated implementation of integrated approach. Our study aims to share the lessons of this integrated approach in the fight against Buruli ulcer (BU), leprosy and yaws in a rural district in Benin. Methods It is a cross-sectional study using a single set of activities data conducted from May 2016 to December 2016. Health workers and community health volunteers involved in this study were trained on integrated approach of the Buruli ulcer, leprosy and yaws. Village chiefs were briefed about the activity. The trained team visited the villages and schools in the district of Lalo in Benin. After the education and awareness raising sessions, all persons with a skin lesion who presented voluntarily to the team were carefully examined in a well-lit area which respected their privacy. Suspected cases were tested as needed. The socio-demographic information and the characteristics of the lesions were collected using a form. A descriptive analysis of the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory variables of the cases was made using Excel 2013 and SPSS version 22.00. Principal findings In the study period, 1106 people were examined. The median (IQR) age of those examined was 11 (8; 27) years. Of 34 (3.1%) suspected BU cases, 15 (1.4%) were confirmed by PCR. Only three cases of leprosy were confirmed. The 185 (16.7%) suspected cases of yaws were all negative with the rapid test. The majority of cases were other skin conditions, including fungal infections, eczema and traumatic lesions. Conclusion The integrated approach of skin NTD allows optimal use of resources and surveillance of these diseases. Sustaining this skin NTD integrated control will require the training of peripheral health workers not only on skin NTD but also on basic dermatology.
Impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on pregnancy

Introduction&Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of chronic liver disease worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on clinical course and outcome of pregnancy. METHODS The study included 400 pregnant women free of diabetes prior to pregnancy (Only singleton pregnancy). They were divided into 2 groups; Group 1; included 200 pregnant women with NAFLD and Groups 2; Included 200 pregnant women without NAFLD (control group). A thorough medical history, physical examination, laboratory investigations and liver ultrasound scans for diagnosis of NAFLD were carried out in all studied populations. RESULTS When women with NAFLD were compared with those without NAFLD we found that, pregnant women with NAFLD had more GDM (33% versus 10%, p=0.001), pre-eclampsia (25% versus 12%, p=0.001), hypertension (2% versus 0%, p=0.013). However, there was no difference as regards eclampsia (3% versus 2%, p= 0.52), preterm birth (11% versus 8%, p=0.31), fetal growth retardation (13% versus 10%, p= 0.35) and emesis graviderum (8% versus 3.5%, p= 0.086). There was a significant increase in fasting blood glucose (p= 0.001), serum level of AST (p= 0.002), total cholesterol and triglycerides (p=0.001 and 0.016 respectively) and serum uric acid (p= 0.001) in the pregnant women with NAFLD versus the pregnant women without NAFLD. CONCLUSION Pregnant women with NAFLD have increased risk for GDM, pre-eclampsia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, increasing total cholesterol and triglycerides and should be carefully monitored during antenatal care.b.
Women’s Cigarette and Marijuana Use in Pregnancy: Identifying the Role of Past Versus Recent Violence Exposure

Both cigarette smoking and marijuana use during pregnancy pose serious risks to healthy fetal development, yet little is known about the comparative contribution of recent versus past traumatic experiences to women’s smoking behavior. The current study aimed to examine the relative contributions of childhood adversity and past year intimate partner violence (IPV) to women’s cigarette and marijuana use during pregnancy in a high-risk, low-income sample. Participants (n = 101) were interviewed to evaluate past year IPV, childhood adversity, and cigarette and marijuana use. Results indicated that approximately one in four pregnant women in the sample reported that they were currently smoking cigarettes. Only a minority of those who reported prepregnancy smoking (22.5%) were able to quit smoking once pregnant. Regarding marijuana use, 6.9% of women reported use during pregnancy, with 68.1% of women using prior to pregnancy ceasing use once pregnant. Results of multinomial regressions controlling for income and education indicated that past year physical abuse by a partner was associated with light cigarette use during pregnancy whereas high rates of childhood adversity were associated with moderate cigarette use during pregnancy. Sexual IPV was associated with marijuana use during pregnancy. Comprehensive assessment of women’s history of exposure to violence, including both past and recent exposure, provides insight into which women may have the most difficulty with unassisted cessation in the prenatal period. Providing better intervention and support around cigarette and marijuana cessation for women exposed to violence is a critical need, especially among groups that are at sociodemographic risk for substance use in pregnancy.
Breaking down Barriers: Academic Obstacles of First-Generation Students at Research Universities.

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived academic obstacles of first-generation students in comparison to non-firstgeneration students. Using the Student Experience in the Research University (SERU) completed by approximately 58,000 students from six research universities, the researchers used nonparametric bootstrapping to analyze differences between first-generation and non-first-generation students’ obstacles to academic success. The results suggest that first-generation students more frequently encounter obstacles that compromise their academic success as compared to non-first-generation students, such as job responsibilities, family responsibilities, perceived weak English and math skills, inadequate study skills, and feelings of depression. Implications for learning assistance professionals are outlined.
Concussion Symptom Profiles Among Child, Adolescent, and Young Adult Athletes.

OBJECTIVES (1) To examine how age influences initial symptom presentation following concussion; and (2) to determine whether specific symptom profiles are associated with duration of postconcussion symptoms, and whether they vary by age group. DESIGN A total of 689 patients (20% children 7-12 years of age, 69% adolescents 13-18 years of age, and 11% young adults 19-30 years of age) were seen and diagnosed with a concussion within 21 days after injury. Patients completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) and were followed until they no longer required care. SETTING Two specialty care sport concussion clinical practices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overall PCSS score was obtained, as well as severity ratings from somatic, vestibular-ocular, cognitive, sleep, and emotional symptom domains. We also calculated total symptom duration time. RESULTS No significant main effect of age, or age by sex associations were identified among the symptom domains. Females endorsed a higher somatic symptom severity rating than males (9.8 ± 6.7 vs 8.1 ± 6.7; P = 0.03). For patients between 7 and 12 years of age, higher somatic [β-coefficient = 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47-1.67] and cognitive (β-coefficient = 2.50, 95% CI, 2.32-2.68) symptom severities were associated with longer duration of concussion symptoms. Among adolescents, longer total symptom duration was associated with more severe somatic (β-coefficient = 1.25, 95% CI, 0.34-2.15) and vestibular-ocular (β-coefficient = 2.36, 95% CI, 1.49-3.23) symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Within 21 days after concussion, symptom-reporting behavior seems to be similar across the age spectrum, but the relationship between symptom profiles and time to symptom resolution varies by age. Although overall symptom ratings are beneficial in determining clinical pathways, symptom domain use may provide a beneficial method to determine individualized patient care that differs between children and adolescents after concussion.
A method for transplantation of human HSCs into zebrafish, to replace humanised murine transplantation models

Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is a critical therapy for haematopoietic malignancies and immune disorders. Incomplete or delayed engraftment of HSCs in the host results in increased risk of infection and morbidity. The mechanisms of HSC engraftment are poorly understood and understanding these processes will increase transplantation success on many levels. Current animal models are immunocompromised 'humanised' mice transplanted with human HSCs. Harmful procedures include genetic manipulations and irradiation to ablate the mouse immune system, and opaque mouse tissues make visualisation of the early steps of HSC engraftment impossible. There is a need for new models to offer alternatives to humanised mice in the study of HSC transplantation. Here we described a detailed method for transplantation of human HSCs into zebrafish, before the onset of adaptive immunity. Human HSCs were purified from whole blood by enrichment of the CD34 cell population using a positive magnetic selection and further purified using an anti-CD34 antibody and cell sorting. Sorted CD34 cells were transplanted into the blood stream of 52 hour old zebrafish larvae. Human HSCs home into the zebrafish haematopoietic niche, where they engage with endothelial cells and undergo cell division. Our model offers the opportunities to image in vivo human HSC engraftment in a transparent organism, without the myeloablative strategies used in mice, and provides a unique system to understand the dynamic process of engraftment and replace current murine models. This technique can be applied to current engraftment protocols to validate the viability and efficiency of cryofrozen HSC grafts. This humanised zebrafish model will be instrumental to develop the 3Rs values in stem cell transplantation research and our detailed protocol will increase the chances of uptake of this zebrafish model by the mouse community.
A novel BG-triggered ggNMOS structure for FD-SOI ESD protection

A back-gate-triggered (BG-Triggered) grounded-gate NMOS (ggNMOS) electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structure is presented for the advanced full-depleted silicon-on-isolation (FD-SOI) process. The proposed device can further reduce the trigger voltage of the typical ggNMOS to meet ESD requirements of the digital core transistors and various pins. This new configuration is characterized by the resistance used to connect the drain and back gate, which can be adjusted to change the electron density and space charge distribution in the channel during an ESD event. Compared with the previous approaches, the proposed ggNMOS is able to achieve an adjustable trigger voltage without extra design complexity and limitations.
Evaluation of the impact of dental prophylaxis on the oral microbiota of dogs

Periodontal disease is one of the most commonly diagnosed oral diseases in dogs and can result from undisturbed dental plaque. Dental prophylaxis is a routinely practiced veterinary procedure, but its effects on both the plaque and oral microbiota is not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of dental prophylaxis on the composition of the supragingival plaque and composite oral microbiota in clinically healthy dogs and to determine if composite sampling could be used in lieu of sampling the plaque microbiota directly. Thirty dogs received a dental prophylaxis. Supragingival plaque and composite oral samples were collected just prior to, and one week after dental prophylaxis. A subsample of 10 dogs was followed, and additional samples were collected two and five weeks post-prophylaxis. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was used for Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencing. Results demonstrate that decreases in Treponema as well as increases in Moraxella and Neisseria distinguished the plaque pre- and one week post-prophylaxis timepoints (all P<0.05). Within the oral microbiota, the initially dominant Psychrobacter (20% relative abundance) disappeared one week later (P<0.0001), and Pseudomonas became the dominant taxon one week after treatment (80% relative abundance, P<0.0001). A rapid transition back towards the pre-dental prophylaxis microbiota by five weeks post-treatment was seen for both niches, suggesting the canine oral microbiota is resilient. Direct comparison of the two environments yielded striking differences, with complete separation of groups. Firmicutes (40%) and Spirochaetes (22%) predominated in the plaque while Proteobacteria (58%) was predominant in the oral microbiota. Greater richness was also seen in the plaque microbiota. This study reveals that prophylaxis had a profound impact on both the plaque and oral microbiota, and the longitudinal results help elucidate the pathophysiology of periodontal disease. The results suggest that oral swabs are a poor proxy for plaque samples and highlight the need to study specific oral niches.