Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL IN PEDIATRIC RENAL TRANSPLANTATION WITHOUT INDUCTION THERAPY: RESULTS AFTER 12 MONTHS OF TREATMENT1,2

Background. Acute rejection episodes (ARE) of kidney transplants are considered as risk factor in the development of chronic rejection. In adult renal transplantation (RTx), ARE have been significantly reduced by mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in combination with cyclosporin (CyA) and steroids (Pred). Reports of pediatric RTx on a maintenance immuno-suppression with MMF are restricted to patients (P) after antibody induction therapy. Methods. The efficacy and safety of MMF combined with CyA and Pred in pediatric RTx without induction therapy were evaluated in an open-labeled multicenter study. Results. From 10/1996 to 6/1999, 65 pediatric P (MMF group) were followed for at least 6 months, 58 of 65 for 12 months. These P were compared with 54 retrospectively analyzed pediatric P who were transplanted between 1990 and 1996 and had received CyA, Pred, and azathioprine for immunosuppression (historic AZA group). Within the first 6 months after RTx, 18 of 65 (MMF group) and 32 of 54 (historic AZA group) P showed clinical signs of acute rejection (P <0.01). Thereafter only one further P in the MMF group developed a first ARE. Graft loss due to rejection occurred in one MMF- and seven AZA-treated P (P <0.05). The creatinine-clearance 3 and 6 months after RTx was higher in the MMF group. Major adverse events (MMF group) included infections of the urinary and the upper respiratory tract, diarrhea, and leukopenia. Cytomegalovirus-infection occurred in 13 P and 2 P developed cytomegalovirus disease. One P developed PTLD 10 months after RTx and recovered after the reduction of immunosuppression. Conclusions. The combination of MMF, CyA, and Pred reduced ARE in pediatric RTx without incurring major side effects.
Pollen limitation is not the rule in nival plants: A study from the European Central Alps.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Seed output of high-mountain plants in the uppermost life zones is highly variable. One possible reason might be pollen limitation due to inadequate pollinator services. METHODS We tested this hypothesis for the insect-pollinated species Cerastium uniflorum, Ranunculus glacialis, and Saxifraga bryoides, which have their distribution center in the subnival and nival zone of the European Central Alps. We recorded insect visitors and determined their impact as pollinators. By analyzing pollination success and seed set following natural and saturating hand pollination, the magnitude of quantitative and qualitative pollen limitation was assessed. KEY RESULTS Anthomyiid and muscid flies had the highest pollination impact for R. glacialis and S. bryoides and syrphids for C. uniflorum. Natural stigma pollen load was highly variable in individual flowers of all species, but in most cases the number of conspecific pollen grains clearly exceeded the number of ovules to be fertilized. There was also a surplus in germinated pollen grains, whereas the pollen tube to ovule ratio was only sufficient in R. glacialis (2.6 on average) and S. bryoides (1.3), but not in C. uniflorum (0.6). Accordingly, seed to ovule ratio was around 0.8 in R. glacialis, 0.7 in S. bryoides but 0.4 in C. uniflorum. In C. uniflorum, saturating pollination slightly increased seed set. Regression analyses revealed that natural pollination success was more frequently limited by quality than by quantity. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the idea of chronic, widespread pollen limitation in the subnival but rather fit into the concept of parental optimism by overinvesting in the number of ovules as an adaptation to variable resource availability.
Effects of a Peer Cervical Cancer Prevention Education Program on Korean Female College Students' Knowledge, Attitude, Self-efficacy, and Intention

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer cervical cancer prevention education program on Korean female college students’ knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and intention. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a non-equivalent control group was used. The participants were 58 female college students in a metropolitan city in Korea. The sample consisted of an intervention group (n=28) that participated in a peer education program and a control group (n=30). Data were measured using self-administered questionnaires at two time points: prior to the intervention and after the intervention. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group reported significantly positive changes for knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and intent to practice cervical cancer prevention behaviors. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that a peer education program developed for Korean female college students was a useful and effective intervention strategy to promote cervical cancer prevention behaviors in Korean sociocultural contexts.
Endovascular stenting of the left pulmonary artery using the Strecker stent

Abstract An intravascular stent was successfully implanted in a 15-year-old gid with stenosis of the left pulmonary artery subsequent to a modified Fontan correction. Complaints of tiredness, edema, ascites and enlargement of the left breast disappeared. Unfortunately, she died of a rhythm disturbance unrelated to the stent. Autopsy revealed excellent endothelialization of the stent without any thrombosis and with patency of the orifice of the branch to the upper lobe of the lung.
Long-Term Outcome Data in Patients following One Year's Use of a Fully Implantable Active Middle Ear Implant

This study examined the safety and efficacy of a fully implantable active middle ear (AMEI) system. Outcome measures assessed AMEI performance compared with an optimally fitted conventional hearing aid (CHA). Fifty adults with stable, symmetric moderate-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss were implanted at 9 ambulatory settings. Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) words, Bamford-Kowel-Bench Speech in Noise test (BKB-SIN), Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB), and unaided hearing thresholds in the implanted ear were compared to baseline measures obtained using a personal CHA. Changes in thresholds were observed from pre- to 12-month postoperative assessments. CNC word scores decreased (within 10%), and the BKB-SIN showed no change from pre- to 12-month postoperative time points. The APHAB revealed improvement. Findings suggest no difference in performance between an appropriately fit CHA and the AMEI at 12 months. This study indicates AMEIs have the potential to help individuals who choose not to use CHAs.
Prevalência de cárie não tratada na dentição decídua em áreas urbanas e rurais do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

OBJETIVO: Descrever os diferenciais urbano-rurais da prevalencia de carie dentaria em criancas com denticao decidua no Estado de Sao Paulo e identificar fatores associados. METODOS: Participaram do estudo 24 744 criancas de 5 a 7 anos examinadas no Levantamento Epidemiologico de Saude Bucal do Estado de Sao Paulo. Utilizou-se a analise multinivel para verificar se havia associacao entre a prevalencia de carie nao tratada e as caracteristicas sociodemograficas das criancas examinadas ou os aspectos socioeconomicos das cidades participantes. RESULTADOS: Ser negro ou pardo (razao de chances, ou OR, ajustada = 1,27), estudar na area rural (OR ajustada = 1,88) e frequentar a escola publica (OR ajustada = 3,41) foram identificados como determinantes individuais de chance mais elevada de apresentar um ou mais dentes deciduos com carie nao tratada. Ser do sexo feminino (OR ajustada = 0,83) foi identificado como fator de protecao para essa condicao. Os coeficientes negativos obtidos para as variaveis independentes de segundo nivel indicaram que o perfil de saude bucal das cidades participantes se beneficiou de valores mais elevados de indice de desenvolvimento humano municipal (beta = -0,47) e da adicao de fluor a rede de aguas (beta = -0,32). CONCLUSOES: A prevalencia de carie nao tratada e influenciada por fatores sociodemograficos de ordem individual e contextual. O presente estudo apresenta informacoes epidemiologicas das areas rurais do Estado de Sao Paulo, oferecendo subsidios para o planejamento estrategico e normativo das acoes de saude bucal nos sistemas locais de saude, com o intuito de contribuir para a promocao de equidade em saude bucal.
Quality of life in chronic venous insufficiency

Aim. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a chronic disease, whose disability has not been appreciated clearly, and several treatment costs are not covered by Public Health Service, probably because its any social impact is not well known. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of CVI on quality of life (QoL), and to compare the sensitivity of more diffused instruments for QoL assessment. Methods. One hundred and four patients with CVI received the Italian version of four QoL assessment instruments (MOS SF-36; CIVIQ-2; Euro-QoL 5D and a visual analogical scale). The poorest QoL was adjusted as 0, the best as 100. After filling the questionnaires, patients underwent a clinical and instrumental examination to assess the diagnosis according to the CEAP classification. Results. The QoL is progressively impaired from CEAP class C1 to class C5-6. The SF-36 showed a normal QoL in patients of CEAP class C1 and C2. Class C3 showed a significant (P<0.0018) reduction of QoL (physical role and bodily pain), and the decline was more significant (P<0.0001) in class C4, involving all physical items and several mental ones. Class C5-6 showed very low scores of physical and social functioning, general health and vitality. Physical and emotional scores were better than C4 patients. Conclusion. QoL is progressively impaired in CVI, involving primarily the physical items and the emotional role, with worsening of mental items only in advanced stages. This early involvement of physical items underlines how CVI is not an esthetic problem, but, a disease. Its impact on the lifestyle and QoL is similar to that of other chronic diseases (diabetes, cancer, chronic pulmonary disease), reaching in the class C5-6 the poorest level, similar to heart failure. [Int Angiol 2005;24:272-7] Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a chronic disabling disease, whose prognosis is not severe quoad vitam, but very bad quoad valetudinem, because venous hypertension and serious involvement of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues with symptoms and signs (heaviness, pain, hypodermitis, and ulcer) limit patients’ lifestyle. Its prevalence shows a very large variability, from 2.3% in males to 4% in females in the studied population in the San Paulo study,1 and 3% male and 3.7% women in the Tecumseh community study 2 to 15% in the Basel III study.3 Active chronic leg ulceration has a prevalence of 0.1-0.2% of the adult population in developed countries.4
Rotigotine transdermal system for the treatment of restless legs syndrome

Rotigotine is a nonergot D3, D2 and D1 dopamine agonist that is currently approved for use in Parkinson’s disease and is awaiting approval for restless legs syndrome (RLS) in Europe. In the USA, it is currently approved for the treatment of early-stage Parkinson’s disease, but not for RLS patients. Oral dopaminergic agents are considered first-line for the treatment of RLS, but may not benefit all patients. Transdermally administered rotigotine delivers medication continuously, which may benefit patients with more severe RLS symptoms that persist or fluctuate throughout the day. It may also benefit patients with gastrointestinal problems or difficulty swallowing. Future research may further define the benefits of minimizing pulsatile stimulation of dopamine receptors. Several studies support the efficacy and tolerability of rotigotine in RLS patients. After treatment with rotigotine, patients had improved International RLS scores compared with placebo. Side effects reported were generally not serious and .
Rheological characterisation of thickened fluids under different temperature, pH and fat contents

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to examine the rheological characterisation of thickened water under different temperature and pH conditions and thickened milk with different fat contents. Design/methodology/approach – Beverages thickened with powdered thickeners are used in the medical management of individuals who suffer swallowing difficulties (dysphagia). Each individual requires a specific level of thickness to best meet the needs of their dysphagia. Although the level of thickness is defined, obtaining the correct consistency of thickened fluids is difficult. This is due to fluctuations associated with temperature and type of fluids to be thickened. Rheological characterisation of commercially available xanthan gum-based thickener was performed under different conditions of temperature, pH and fat contents. Findings – The viscosity and the yield stress of thickened water was found to be unaffected by pH. Similarly, temperature did not affect the viscosity at a high thickener concentration, a.
Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument

The goal for this study was to develop a measure of balance appropriate for elderly individuals. In total, 38 patients, ranging in age from 60 to 93 years, and 32 professionals, including nurses, physicians, and physical and occupational therapists were surveyed in three distinct phases to develop the content. Reliability of the measure was assessed by having physical therapists evaulate the videotaped performances of geriatric subjects at two different points in time. The intraclass correlation coefficients measuring the inter and intra rater reliability for the test as a whole were . 98 and . 99 respectively. The correlation coefficients for the individual items ranged from . 71 to . 99. In addition, there was a high degree of internal consistency, a Cronbach's alpha of . 96, which indicates the movements reflect a single underlying dimension. The scale consists of 14 movements common in everyday life. It is easy to administer and score and has measurement properties that are better than expected for a new i.
“Inflammatory Soup” Mediators of inflammation in CRPS

textabstractComplex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) is a disease of the extremity that usually occurs as a complication after surgery or trauma, although spontaneous occurrence has also been described. The clinical features include pain/sensory abnormalities, vasomotor dysfunction, edema/sudomotor dysfunction, and motor/trophic changes. The diagnosis of CRPS is based on findings during the history and physical examination. Several diagnostic criteria sets have been developed, and the most used are the Veldman criteria, the IASP criteria (the International Association for the Study of Pain), and the Bruehl criteria. There is a distinction between CRPS types 1 and 2. Type 1 occurs without any peripheral nerve lesion, whereas in type 2 there is definite peripheral nerve damage. In the Netherlands, the incidence of CRPS is estimated to be approximately 26.2 per 100,000 person years, with a median age of onset of 52.7 years. CRPS occurs more often in females than in males, with a ratio of approximately 3.4:1. The upper extremity is more often affected than the lower extremity, and the right and the left sides of the body are affected with the same frequency. A fracture is the most common precipitating event (44%) for CRPS, followed by a contusion/sprain in 17% of the population.
Clinical significance in the change of decline in ALSFRS-R

Our objective was to survey ALS clinicians and researchers regarding what percentage reduction in the ALSFRS-R (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale – Revised) slope they would consider clinically meaningful. A nine-question survey was provided to 65 members of the Northeast ALS Consortium (NEALS). They were asked to rate the clinical relevance of 10–50% changes in decline of the ALSFRS-R slope on a seven-point scale (1–7), where 1=‘not at all clinically meaningful’, 4=‘somewhat clinically meaningful’, and 7=‘very clinically meaningful’. Ninety per cent of participants rated a 20% change in the decline of the ALSFRS-R score as the percentage in which a somewhat clinically significant change starts to be noted (i.e. score of 4 or higher). All participants endorsed a 25% or higher change in the ALSFRS-R score as at least somewhat clinically meaningful (score of 4 or higher). Ninety-three per cent of the participants viewed a 50% change in decline as very clinically meaningful (score of 7). This survey demonstrated that the majority of clinicians and clinical researchers surveyed believe that a therapy that resulted in a change of 20% or greater in the slope of the ALSFRS-R would be clinically meaningful.
A Comparison of Body Composition between Eumenorrheic and Amenorrheic Adolescent Cross-Country Runners

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Determining the Incidence of Adult Fractures: How Accurate Are Emergency Department Data?

Various research methods have been used to obtain skeletal fracture data and report the incidence of fractures. A large number of British studies have used data collected in emergency departments, and not data derived from orthopaedic units. We hypothesised that fracture data will differ depending upon the methodology employed to capture it. Two commonly used sources of fracture data at our institution were compared, (the Emergency Department (ED) database and the Orthopaedic Trauma Unit (OTU) database), using a cohort of adult patients from our defined population as the study sample. We performed univariate analyses to identify differences between groups with accurate and inaccurate ED fracture diagnoses. We then performed a binary logistic regression analysis to determine the best predictors of diagnostic accuracy. In one year, 7,449 patients were referred to the OTU. Three-quarters were referred with fractures. The overall false positive fracture referral rate was 25%. Several fracture subtypes were commonly overdiagnosed in the ED. Regression analysis showed that patient age, patient gender, and the seniority of the referring clinician were independently predictive of an accurate fracture diagnosis. We suggest that studies making use of ED fracture data may potentially overestimate the incidence of adult fractures.
Nutritional status of 2–6 year old children of Kankabati grampanchayat, Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal, India

Objective: To assess the prevalence of undernutrition (underweight, stunting and wasting) among preschool children of Kankabati grampanchayat, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India Methods: The study was a community based, cross-sectional survey carried out among 410 Bengali Hindu low socioeconomic preschool children (198 boys and 212 girls) of 2 to 6 years. The height and weight of each child were taken. The results were analyzed by Z score values according to height for age, weight for age and weight for height with reference to NCHS. Results: The overall prevalence of undernutrition among these children was: underweight 47%, stunting 43% and wasting 24%. Severe (below –3 Z score) underweight, stunting and wasting was 13.7%, 16.3% and 7.9% respectively. Prevalence of underweight was higher in boys (45.5%) than girls (43.9%); stunting and wasting were also higher in boys (44.9% stunting and 25.3% wasting) than girls (41.5% stunting and 22.6% wasting). Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed widespread prevalence of undernutrition among preschool children of Kankabati grampanchayat, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India. (Key words: Preschool children; community health; undernutrition) DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/sljch.v41i2. 4392
Practical Management of Everolimus-Related Toxicities in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors

Everolimus is an orally administered inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an intracellular protein kinase downstream of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway involved in key components of tumorigenesis, including cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis. In the advanced cancer setting, based on favorable results from phase III trials, everolimus is indicated for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, advanced neuroendocrine tumors of pancreatic origin, and advanced hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer. Additional oncology indications for everolimus include renal angiomyolipoma with tuberous sclerosis complex and subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma. Although it is generally well tolerated, with most adverse events of mild to moderate severity and manageable, everolimus exhibits a distinct adverse event profile that warrants guidance for proper diagnostic and medical management. This guidance is particularly important given the potential for widespread long-term use of everolimus. This review will focus on the most relevant toxicities associated with mTOR inhibitors and on their management. Practical treatment recommendations are presented for stomatitis, noninfectious pneumonitis, rash, selected metabolic abnormalities, and infections. Provided these events are rapidly identified and treated, the vast majority should resolve with minimal effect on treatment outcomes and patients' quality of life.
Accurate and interpretable nanoSAR models from genetic programming-based decision tree construction approaches

Abstract The number of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) being exploited commercially is growing rapidly, due to the novel properties they exhibit. Clearly, it is important to understand and minimize any risks to health or the environment posed by the presence of ENMs. Data-driven models that decode the relationships between the biological activities of ENMs and their physicochemical characteristics provide an attractive means of maximizing the value of scarce and expensive experimental data. Although such structure–activity relationship (SAR) methods have become very useful tools for modelling nanotoxicity endpoints (nanoSAR), they have limited robustness and predictivity and, most importantly, interpretation of the models they generate is often very difficult. New computational modelling tools or new ways of using existing tools are required to model the relatively sparse and sometimes lower quality data on the biological effects of ENMs. The most commonly used SAR modelling methods work best with large datasets, are not particularly good at feature selection, can be relatively opaque to interpretation, and may not account for nonlinearity in the structure–property relationships. To overcome these limitations, we describe the application of a novel algorithm, a genetic programming-based decision tree construction tool (GPTree) to nanoSAR modelling. We demonstrate the use of GPTree in the construction of accurate and interpretable nanoSAR models by applying it to four diverse literature datasets. We describe the algorithm and compare model results across the four studies. We show that GPTree generates models with accuracies equivalent to or superior to those of prior modelling studies on the same datasets. GPTree is a robust, automatic method for generation of accurate nanoSAR models with important advantages that it works with small datasets, automatically selects descriptors, and provides significantly improved interpretability of models.