Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Haemophilia in a real‐world setting: the value of clinical experience in data collection

At the 8th Annual Congress of the European Association for Haemophilia and Allied Disorders (EAHAD) held in Helsinki, Finland, in February 2015, Pfizer sponsored a satellite symposium entitled: ‘Haemophilia in a real‐world setting: The value of clinical experience in data collection’ Co‐chaired by Riitta Lassila (Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland) and Gerry Dolan (Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK); the symposium provided an opportunity to explore the practical value of real‐world data in informing clinical decision‐making. Gerry Dolan provided an introduction to the symposium by describing what is meant by real‐world data (RWD), stressing the role RWD can play in optimising patient outcomes in haemophilia and highlighting the responsibility of all stakeholders to collaborate in continuous data collection. Kristian Juusola (Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland) then provided personal experience as a haemophilia nurse around patient views on adherence to treatment regimes, and how collecting insights into real‐world use of treatment can shape approaches to improving adherence. The importance of elucidating pharmacokinetic parameters in a real‐world setting was then explored by Vuokko Jokela (Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland). Finally, Alfonso Iorio (McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada) highlighted the importance of quality data collection in translating clinical reality into scientific advances.
Treatment of the first tonic-clonic seizure does not affect long-term remission of epilepsy

We followed 419 patients with a first, unprovoked, primarily or secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizure, randomized to immediate antiepileptic treatment or to treatment only in the event of seizure recurrence. The probability of achieving a 2-year remission was 72 vs 57% at 3 months, 84 to 79% at 3 years, and 85 to 86% at 10 years (p = NS). The probability of entering 5-year remission was 47 to 40, 58 to 58, and 64 to 64% (p = NS). Early treatment does not affect the long-term prognosis of epilepsy.
Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust: A Case Study in Risk Assessment

The increased emphasis given to balancing costs and benefits in developing regulations for factors influencing human health has provided a strong impetus for development of a more formalized approach to risk assessment. Exposure to diesel exhaust gases is used as an example in order to examine the components of the risk assessment process as it is presently understood. The components of risk assessment are hazard identification, exposure-dose-response assessment, and exposure assessment. Risk is then characterized. Based on these studies, risk management options are defined, and the consequences of options are delineated, including public health, economic costs, and social and political factors. 28 references, 11 figures, 5 tables.
Cellular and Secreted Forms of Acetylcholinesterase in Mouse Muscle Cultures

Abstract: When grown in primary cell culture in the absence of neurons, muscle cells from a variety of species synthesize several forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), including the collagen‐tailed A12 form. A12 AChE has been the subject of much study because it is thought to be a major functional enzyme form normally found in the basal lamina at the neuromuscular junction. In this paper, we show that muscle fibers derived from mouse embryos and neonates are also able to synthesize substantial percentages of their AChE as the A12 form when grown in vitro. This synthesis is modulated by a process associated with spontaneous muscle contractile activity since both total enzyme levels and the proportion of A12 AChE expressed on the cell surface are decreased when the cells are grown in the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin, which blocks muscle contraction. On the other hand, when the cells are treated with veratridine, which opens sodium channels, thereby mimicking one aspect of muscle contraction, their AChE levels are comparable to those of untreated cells. Although smaller in magnitude, these changes are similar to those seen in rat muscle cultures. A novel feature of mouse muscle cultures. not seen in those from rat and chick, is the presence of a secreted enzyme form that sediments in the same position as the cellular A12 form (when separated on sucrose density gradients containing high salt) and is also collagenase sensitive.
Mesh-based piecewise planar motion compensation and optical flow clustering for ROI coding

For the transmission of aerial surveillance videos taken from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), region of interest (ROI)-based coding systems are of growing interest in order to cope with the limited channel capacities available. We present a fully automatic detection and coding system which is capable of transmitting high-resolution aerial surveillance videos at very low bit rates. Our coding system is based on the transmission of ROI areas only. We assume two different kinds of ROIs: in order to limit the transmission bit rate while simultaneously retaining a high-quality view of the ground, we only transmit new emerging areas (ROI-NA) for each frame instead of the entire frame. At the decoder side, the surface of the earth is reconstructed from transmitted ROI-NA by means of global motion compensation (GMC). In order to retain the movement of moving objects not conforming with the motion of the ground (like moving cars and their previously occluded ground), we additionally consider regions containing such objects as interesting (ROI-MO). Finally, both ROIs are used as input to an externally controlled video encoder. While we use GMC for the reconstruction of the ground from ROI-NA, we use meshed-based motion compensation in order to generate the pelwise difference in the luminance channel (difference image) between the mesh-based motion compensated and the current input image to detect the ROI-MO. High spots of energy within this difference image are used as seeds to select corresponding superpixels from an independent (temporally consistent) superpixel segmentation of the input image in order to obtain accurate shape information of ROI-MO. For a false positive detection rate (regions falsely classified as containing local motion) of less than 2% we detect more than 97% true positives (correctly detected ROI-MOs) in challenging scenarios. Furthermore, we propose to use a modified high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) video encoder. Retaining full HDTV video resolution at 30 fps and subjectively high quality we achieve bit rates of about 0.6–0.9 Mbit/s, which is a bit rate saving of about 90% compared to an unmodified HEVC encoder.
Multilayer Perceptron with Functional Inputs: an Inverse Regression Approach

Abstract. Functional data analysis is a growing research field as more and more practical applications involve functional data. In this paper, we focus on the problem of regression and classification with functional predictors: the model suggested combines an efficient dimension reduction procedure [functional sliced inverse regression, first introduced by Ferré & Yao (Statistics, 37, 2003 , 475)], for which we give a regularized version, with the accuracy of a neural network. Some consistency results are given and the method is successfully confronted to real‐life data.
Anthracotic airways disease: report of 102 cases.

Background: Numerous causes can lead to chronic inflammatory lesions of the lower respiratory airways including those recognized as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), of which tobacco smoke has been established. Air pollution and smokes from indoor and outdoor origins are among the possible causes. However, further investigations are required on this issue. Materials and Methods: Amongst those who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy in the pulmonary endoscopy unit, Tehran University of Medical Sciences from April 1975 to March 2000, 102 patients revealed generalized chronic changes of the airways with significant anthracotic deposits. Their clinical manifestations, demographic data, radiological, biopsy and bronchial washing findings were evaluated and compared with a similar number of contemporary cases without anthracotic lesions but with a variety of established pathologies. Results: Clinically, the patients with anthracotic airway lesions were already respiratory cripples. Females (n=60) had been exposed to long-term indoor smoke inhalation while baking home-made bread. Males (n=42) had a variety of occupations that entailed heavy smokes. Those without bronchial anthracosis had no similar histories. Conclusion: Long-term smoke inhalation can cause chronic anthracotic bronchopathies leading to respiratory invalidism. The problem seems to be extensive and has not confined to Iran. Further worldwide studies are required to address different aspects, including prevention of these ailments. (Tanaffos 2009; 8(1): 14-22)
Estimability and stochastic observability of quantised linear systems

The estimability and stochastic observability of quantised discrete-time linear dynamic systems are discussed from information theoretic viewpoint. Algebraic conditions of estimability and stochastic observability for quantised linear Gaussian systems, i.e., certain Gramians having full rank, are proposed based on the measure of mutual information. The obtained conditions of estimability and observability are consistent with the intuition and provide us with valuable hints on quantiser design. It is shown analytically that the Gramians of quantised systems converge to that of unquantised systems when the quantisation intervals turn to zero, and a well-designed quantiser can preserve the estimability and stochastic observability of the original system even if it is as coarse as one bit. Furthermore, the relation between estimability and stochastic observability is established for quantised stochastically autonomous systems. The analytical results are verified by illustrative simulations.
Measuring the coolness of interactive products: the COOL questionnaire

ABSTRACT Coolness has recently started to be explored as a design goal for interactive products from practitioners as well as researchers within human–computer interaction (HCI), but there is still a need to further operationalise the concept and explore how we can measure it. Our contribution in this paper is the COOL questionnaire. We based the creation of the questionnaire on literature suggesting that perceived coolness is decomposed to outer cool (the style of a product) and inner cool (the personality characteristics assigned to it). In this paper, we focused on inner cool, and we identified 11 inner cool characteristics. These were used to create an initial pool of question items and 2236 participants were asked to assess 16 mobile devices. By performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we identified three factors that can measure the perceived inner coolness of interactive products: desirability, rebelliousness and usability. These factors and their underlying 16 question items comprise the COOL questionnaire. The whole process of creating the questionnaire is presented in detail in this paper and we conclude by discussing our work against related work on coolness and HCI.
Role of HIF-1alpha in proton-mediated CXCR4 down-regulation in endothelial cells.

AIMS Acidification is associated with a variety of pathological and physiological conditions. In the present study, we aimed at investigating whether acidic pH may regulate endothelial cell (EC) functions via the chemokine receptor CXCR4, a key modulator of EC biological activities. METHODS AND RESULTS Exposure of ECs to acidic pH reversibly inhibited mRNA and protein CXCR4 expression, CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1-driven EC chemotaxis in vitro, and CXCR4 expression and activation in vivo in a mouse model. Further, CXCR4 signalling impaired acidosis-induced rescue from apoptosis in ECs. The inhibition of CXCR4 expression occurred transcriptionally and was hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha-dependent as demonstrated by both HIF-1alpha and HIF-1alpha dominant negative overexpression, by HIF-1alpha silencing, and by targeted mutation of the -29 to -25 hypoxia response element (HRE) in the -357/-59 CXCR4 promoter fragment. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed endogenous HIF-1alpha binding to the CXCR4 promoter that was enhanced by acidification. CONCLUSION The results of the present study identify CXCR4 as a key player in the EC response to acidic pH and show, for the first time, that HRE may function not only as an effector of hypoxia, but also as an acidosis response element, and raise the possibility that this may constitute a more general mechanism of transcriptional regulation at acidic pH.
Implicit agreeing/disagreeing intention while reading self-relevant sentences: A human fMRI study

The true intentions of humans are sometimes difficult to ascertain exclusively from explicit expressions, such as speech, gestures, or facial expressions. In this experiment, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate implicit intentions that were generated while a subject was reading self-relevant sentences. Short sentences, which were presented visually, consisted of self-relevant statements and a substantive verb, which indicated sentence polarity as either affirmative or negative. Each sentence was divided into the contents and the sentence ending, and the subjects were asked to respond with either agreement or disagreement after the complete sentence was presented. The overall group analysis suggested that the intention of the sentence response was found even before the reading of the complete sentences. Increased neural activation was found in the left medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) during feelings of agreement compared to feelings of disagreement during self-relevant decision-making. In addition, according to the sentence ending, the decision of a response activated the frontopolar cortex (FPC) in the switching condition. These findings indicated that the implicit intentions of responses to the given statements were internally generated before an explicit response occurred, and, hence, intentions can be used to predict a subject’s future answer.
On chromaticity of graphs

Abstract In this paper we obtain the explicit formulas for chromatic polynomials of cacti. From the results relating to cacti we deduce the analogous formulas for the chromatic polynomials of n–gon–trees. Besides, we characterize unicyclic graphs by their chromatic polynomials. We also show that the so–called clique–forest–like graphs are chromatically equivalent.
Identification of a galactose‐specific flocculin essential for non‐sexual flocculation and filamentous growth in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Although various mutant strains of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe exhibit non‐sexual flocculation, little is known about the mechanistic basis for this phenomenon, nor have genes encoding the implicated flocculin been identified. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcription factor Flo8 controls expression of some of the genes involved in non‐sexual flocculation. We have found that overexpression of S. cerevisiae FLO8 induced non‐sexual flocculation in S. pombe. This non‐sexual flocculation was Ca2+‐dependent, and was inhibited by addition of galactose, but not by mannose, glucose or sucrose. In the FLO8‐overexpressing strain, a gene designated gsf2+ (galactose‐specific flocculation) was specifically induced. The gsf2+ gene was also highly expressed in lkh1Δ, tup12Δ and gsf1 mutants, all of which exhibited non‐sexual flocculation dependent on gsf2+. We show that the N‐terminal region of Gsf2 recognizes galactose in mediating cell–cell interaction. Disruption of gsf2+ also abolished the adhesion phenotype and invasive growth of the wild‐type strain cultured in low ammonium medium. The newly identified flocculin Gsf2 in fission yeast was not only required for non‐sexual flocculation but was also required for adhesion and filamentous growth through recognition of galactose residues on cell surface glycoconjugates.
The metabolic response of young women to changes in the frequency of meals

1. Six healthy young women residing in a metabolic unit, but continuing their normal activities, received a uniform diet for 27 days, subdivided into four periods of 6 days and a final collection period of 3 days. 2. The daily food was divided into equal-sized portions; the subjects ate their daily quota as three meals a day in periods 1, 3, and 5 (control), two meals in period 2 (gorging), and nine meals in period 4 (nibbling). 3. The metabolic response of each subject was investigated by measurements of energy expenditure, and by analysis of the food, the urine and the faeces. 4.The subjects showed distinct differences in response, but for most subjects the changes in body-weight and in the metabolism of nitrogen and fat appeared unrelated to the frequency of the meals.
What is the actual capacity of single-mode fibers in amplified lightwave systems?

The combination of amplifier noise and optical nonlinearities limits the maximum capacity of single-mode fibers in amplified lightwave systems. Using fundamental considerations, it is shown that the capacity of single-mode fibers in transcontinental amplified lightwave systems is not terabits/second but less than 100 Gb/s with ideal amplifiers, and significantly less in realistic systems. <<ETX>>
Mental Health Impact of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Among Wives of Clean-up Workers.

0.000 0.043 0.043 0.000 0.691 0.964 0.028 0.026 0.002 0.517 0.957 0.686 0.116 0.113 0.004 1.666 0.968 0.183 0.177 0.006 1.317 0.864 1.124 0.163 0.157 0.006 2.098 0.971 0.318 0.313 0.005 1.621 0.846 1.475 0.220 0.210 0.011 2.419 0.972 0.461 0.455 0.006 1.846 0.830 1.793 0.251 0.238 0.013 2.726 0.974 0.585 0.578 0.007 2.037 0.820 2.098 0.297 0.281 0.016 2.982 0.973 0.736 0.730 0.006 2.207 0.804 2.359 0.332 0.315 0.017 3.196 0.970 0.865 0.859 0.007 2.347 0.793 2.754 0.367 0.349 0.017 3.443 0.973 1.018 1.013 0.005 2.507 0.788 2.991 0.397 0.377 0.020 3.623 0.972 1.167 1.162 0.005 2.623 0.776 3.171 0.436 0.415 0.022 3.806 0.970 1.324 1.319 0.005 2.736 0.762
Association of cerebrospinal fluid anti-NR2 glutamate receptor antibodies with diffuse neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE To explore the association of antibodies directed against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2 (anti-NR2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). METHODS Paired serum and CSF specimens were obtained from 56 patients with NPSLE (38 with diffuse psychiatric/neuropsychological syndromes [diffuse NPSLE] and 18 with neurologic syndromes or peripheral neuropathy [focal NPSLE]) and from 20 control patients with noninflammatory neurologic diseases. IgG anti-NR2 antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using synthetic peptide containing the extracellular ligand-binding domain of NR2. The binding of affinity-purified anti-NR2 to human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC was examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Purified anti-NR2 bound to the surface of SK-N-MC cells. Levels of anti-NR2 antibodies in CSF were significantly elevated in patients with diffuse NPSLE compared with levels in control patients or those with focal NPSLE, whereas there were no significant differences in serum anti-NR2 levels among the 3 groups. In 31 of the 38 patients with diffuse NPSLE (81.6%) and 8 of the 18 patients with focal NPSLE (44.4%), CSF anti-NR2 levels were more than 3 SD above the mean level in the control patients (P=0.0120 by chi-square test). CONCLUSION These results indicate that anti-NR2 is a constituent of antineuronal antibodies and, more importantly, that anti-NR2 antibodies in CSF, but not in serum, are associated with diffuse NPSLE.
Student and faculty learning styles in a Canadian and a Chilean self-directed, problem-based nursing program.

A descriptive comparative study was conducted to identify and compare/contrast the learning styles of nursing faculty and entry-level students in 2 self-directed (SDL), problem-based (PBL) nursing programs. The Kolb LSI-1985 was administered to 94 first-year generic students, 63 post-R.N. students, and 22 faculty members in a Canadian university nursing program. A Spanish translation was completed by 37 incoming nursing students and 13 faculty members in a Chilean university. One-way ANOVA analysis of group mean scores showed significant differences among the 4 student groups in the active experimentation learning mode. Post hoc tests confirmed that Chilean students are less likely to be active learners than their teachers or Canadian students, a finding of significance in preparing students to assume self-direction of their learning. Canadian faculty had higher abstract conceptualization scores than Chilean faculty, which has implications for faculty development of educator roles for SDL/PBL.
Female Urethral Diverticulum: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Predictors of Outcomes After Surgery

Introduction and Hypothesis To report on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes after treatment of female urethral diverticulum (UD). Methods Using a record linkage system, women with a new diagnosis of UD at Mayo Clinic from January 1, 1980, through December 31, 2011, were identified. The presenting symptoms, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of women presenting with UD were recorded. Outcomes after surgery were assessed using survival analysis. All statistical analyses were 2-sided and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Statistical analysis was done using SAS version 9.2 and JMP version 9.0 (SAS Institute Inc.). Results A total of 164 cases were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 46 years (range, 21–83). The most common presenting symptom was recurrent urinary tract infection (98, 59.8%), followed by urinary incontinence (81, 49.4%), dysuria (62, 37.8%), dyspareunia (37, 22.6%), and hematuria (15, 9.1%). Examination revealed vaginal mass in 55 (33.5%) of the women. A significant trend was noted toward an increase in use of both magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (P < 0.001) along with a progressive decrease in use of urethrogram (P < 0.001) for diagnosis of UD over the years. Among 114 women who underwent surgical treatment for UD, 14(12.3%) women presented with recurrent UD and the 5-year recurrence rate after surgery for UD was 23.4% (95% confidence interval, 13.9–37.0) and a reoperation rate of 17.0% (95% confidence interval, 8.8–30.2) at 5 years. Conclusions Female UD is a rare and unique condition. Clinical presentation is usually nonspecific, and magnetic resonance imaging is commonly used for confirming the diagnosis. Recurrence is not uncommon, and repeat surgical intervention might be needed.
Continuous Procrustes Distance Between Two Surfaces

The Procrustes distance is used to quantify the similarity or dissimilarity of (three‐dimensional) shapes and extensively used in biological morphometrics. Typically each (normalized) shape is represented by N landmark points, chosen to be homologous, as far as possible, and the Procrustes distance is then computed as $\inf_{R}\sum_{j=1}^N \|Rx_j-x'_j\|^2$, where the minimization is over all euclidean transformations, and the correspondences $x_j \leftrightarrow x'_j$ are picked in an optimal way.