Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal correlates of prosodic variation

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of global vocal effort changes on voice source parameters with effects of focus and word stress. Seven speakers were recorded by means of a laryngograph processor. Glottal pulses were preprocessed by time and amplitude normalization. Apart from the more common shape indicators, the open and the speed quotients, we also carried out the functional version of a Principal Component Analysis. Results on the calculated voice source parameters indicate clear differences for vocal effort changes with a shorter open phase for loud speech as compared to normal and soft speech, but only very inconsistent evidence was found for the involvement of laryngeal mechanisms for signaling word stress or focus.
Surgical crown lengthening: evaluation of the biological width.

BACKGROUND Previous surgical crown lengthening studies have investigated positional changes of the free gingival margin but not the biological width. Histological studies utilizing animal models have shown that postoperative crestal resorption allowed reestablishment of the biological width. However, very little work has been done in humans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the positional changes of the periodontal tissues, particularly the biological width, following surgical crown lengthening in human subjects. METHODS Twenty-three (23) patients who needed surgical crown lengthening to gain retention necessary for prosthetic treatment and/or to access caries, tooth fracture, or previous prosthetic margins entered the study. The following parameters were obtained from line angles of treated teeth (teeth requiring surgical crown lengthening) and adjacent teeth with adjacent and non-adjacent sites: plaque and gingival indexes, free gingival margin, probing depth, attachment level, bone level, direct bone level, and biological width. During surgery, the bone level was reduced based on the future prosthetic margin and predetermined biological width; flaps were placed at the bony crest. Patients were examined at baseline and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS Eighteen patients completed the study. Overall, the amount of bone resected was 1 to 5 mm. At 90% of treated sites, > or = 3 mm of bone was removed. At 3 months, the apical displacement of the free gingival margin at non-adjacent, adjacent, and treated sites was 2.46 +/- 0.25 mm, 2.68 +/- 0.20 mm, and 3.07 +/- 0.16 mm, respectively. There was no significant change in the position of the free gingival margin from 3 to 6 months. The biological width at all sites was smaller at 3 and 6 months compared to baseline (P<0.05) except for the treated sites, which were not significantly different from baseline at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS During surgical crown lengthening, the bone level was lowered for placement of the prosthetic margin and reestablishment of the biological width. The biological width, at treated sites, was reestablished to its original vertical dimension by 6 months. In addition, a consistent 3 mm gain of coronal tooth structure was observed at the 3- and 6-month examinations.
Role of brushing technique and toothbrush design in plaque removal.

Twenty-four adults participated in an intraindividual crossover experimental study to compare the plaque removing ability of straight multitufted and V-shaped brushes. Twelve of the participants had loss of periodontal tissue resulting in open but healthy interdental areas while the other 12 displayed no periodontal breakdown. In part 1 the participants were asked to brush their teeth using their own brushing technique and length over two 12-day periods during which time they, at random, used one brush for the first and the other brush for the second period. In part 2 the participants were professionally brushed by two dental assistants using four brushing techniques (The Bass, The Roll, The Circular Scrub and The Horizontal Scrub) randomly assigned to the four quadrants of the mouth. Cleaning was performed once a day for two 5-day periods, during which time the participants refrained from brushing and interdental cleaning. Initial toothbrush assignment was randomized. At the beginning of the study and each test period no plaque or gingival inflammation was visible. At the end of each period the accumulated plaque was registered. The results showed that there was no difference between the two brushes tested in the unsupervised part. The plaque removing ability when using either of the brushes varied between participants. When professionally used the straight multitufted and V-shaped toothbrushes did not show any difference in plaque removal on buccal and lingual surfaces. Interproximally the V-shaped toothbrush was better at plaque removal than the straight one. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MODIFIED STARCH FILM METHOD FOR THE HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF AMYLASE ACTIVITY

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Postharvest Quality and Sensory Characteristics of 'Granny Smith' Apple Treated with SmartFresh™ (1-MCP)

Apple fruit cv 'Granny Smith' was treated with 625 µl/L SmartFresh™ (1-MCP) and stored in NA (90 % RH, 1o C) for 16 weeks. After storage, fruits were left for four days on room temperature to simulate market display period (SMP) before analysis. Fruit treated with 1-MCP retained firmness on vales very similar to harvest, while control fruit had significantly lower values. No significant differences were observed in the amount of soluble solid concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and maturity index (SSC/TA). Fruit color was significantly affected with SmartFresh™ (1-MCP treatment). After storage, b value and Chroma were significantly lower in SmartFresh™ (1-MCP) treated fruit. After SMP, significance of differences in b and Chroma values increased to as high as P≤0.001 and differences in L and Hue values became significant. Color differences (ΔE*ab and ΔH*ab) between storage and SMP were not significant, but difference in L value (ΔL) was significantly higher in control fruit. Control fruit had scald index of 2.27, while SmartFresh™ (1-MCP) treated fruit had scald index of only 0.27. Female panelist scores showed the lower quality of control sample in all characteristics, except aroma, while male panelists noticed difference only in color. The results showed that SmartFresh™ (1-MCP) treatment significantly affect fruit quality of apple cv. 'Granny Smith'. Subtle changes in sensory characteristics caused by this treatment are more easily recognized by female panelists.
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors to Treat Challenging Behaviors Among Children With Autism: A Systematic and Quality Review

This review summarizes the literature regarding differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) to treat challenging behavior among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and determines the quality of studies among the current literature according to the 2014 Council for Exceptional Children (CEC): Standards for Evidence-Based Practices in Special Education. Studies that focused on the use of DRO in the treatment of challenging behavior for individuals with ASD were included for systematic analysis. Forty-five studies were identified for inclusion in this review and were evaluated using the eight quality indicators described by the CEC. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the only systematic review of the literature that evaluates DRO as an intervention for individuals diagnosed with ASD. Principle findings, practical recommendations, and areas of future research are discussed.
The values of defibrillation testing at implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation: ‘and then there were none’

Purpose of review Since its advent, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) intra-operative defibrillation testing (DFT) has been a standard practice to confirm its optimal configuration. However, due to advances in device and lead technology, which now facilitate successful device implantation, and due to growing number of ICD primary prevention patients, the need for DFT has recently been questioned. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pro and contra DFT arguments, according to benefits, risk and clinical relevance, trying to identify the candidates for whom DFT is really indicated. Recent findings There is an ongoing debate on the need for DFT at ICD implant due to significant DFT-related complications; recently, many electrophysiologists have chosen not to perform DFT in many cases. Recent literature findings document large differences of practice between different centres and countries. In particular, there has been major debate and concern over performing DFT in patients with heart failure, indicated for CRT-D implants (cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator). Summary Due to the potential for serious complications during DFT and expanding primary prevention ICD candidates, we agree with the growing tendency not to routinely perform DFT at implant, as the risks may overweigh the benefits.
Stress and Quality of Life of Senior Brazilian Police Officers

This study examines levels of occupational stress, quality of life, work-related stressors, and coping strategies among senior police officers in Brazil. A quantitative questionnaire survey conducted among 418 senior members of the São Paulo Police Force reveals that high-ranking Brazilian police officers perceive their profession as being very stressful. A large proportion (43%) of police officers are found to have significant stress symptoms. A greater proportion of females (54%) than males (40%) are found to have stress. The most frequently reported stressor is interaction with other departments within the police force. Quality of life is found to be deficient in the ‘professional’ and ‘health’ areas. This study is the first to show a clear association between high levels of emotional stress and poor quality of life in Brazilian police officers. The large number of stress symptoms and poor quality of life identified in the present study indicates that there is a need for preventive actions inside the Brazilian police force to motivate lifestyle changes, improve stress-management skills, and promote a better quality of life among high-ranking police officers. Este estudio examina los niveles de estrés profesional, calidad de vida, estresores relacionados con el trabajo y estrategias de afrontamiento entre oficiales de policía en Brasil. Un cuestionario-encuesta cuantitativo llevado a cabo entre 418 miembros mayores de la Fuerza de Policía de San Paulo revela que los oficiales brasileños de alto rango perciben su profesión como muy estresante. Se encontró que una gran proporción (43%) de oficiales policiales tienen síntomas significativos de estrés. Y que la proporción de las mujeres (54%) que tienen estrés es mayor que la de los varones (40%). El estresor más frecuentemente mencionado es la interacción con otros departamentos dentro de la policía. Se encontró que la calidad de vida es deficiente en los áreas “profesional” y de “salud”. Este es el primer estudio que muestra una clara asociación entre altos niveles de estrés emocional y baja calidad de vida en oficiales de la policía brasileña. El alto número de síntomas de estrés y la baja calidad de vida identificados en el presente estudio indican la necesidad de actuaciones preventivas en la fuerza policial brasileña para motivar cambios en el estilo de vida, mejorar las habilidades de manejo de estrés y promocionar una mejora en la calidad de vida entre los oficiales policiales de alto rango.
Laboratory and field evaluation of an oviposition trap for C ulex quinquefasciatus ( Diptera : Culicidae )

An ovitrap (BR-OVT) based on physical and chemical stimuli for attracting gravid Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) females was developed and evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Attractants were assayed using alternative chamber bioassays prior to being used in the BR-OVT oviposition trap. A significant preference of gravid females for sites containing conspecific egg rafts was observed, as a response to the natural oviposition pheromone, as well as for sites treated with the synthetic pheromone erythro-6-acetoxy5-hexadecanolide. Fiveto 20-day old grass infusion was strongly attractive to gravid females for laying eggs. On the other hand, entomopathogenic Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) did not influence the choice of an oviposition site when used in combination with grass infusion and can therefore be used as a larvicide in ovitraps. Results from field trials showed that the BR-OVT with grass infusion and with or without Bs works as a preferred oviposition site for Cx. quinquefasciatus. The BR-OVT was more effective for egg collection when placed indoors and comparison with the number of egg rafts laid in cesspits over 40 days indicates that this very simple ovitrap may be a useful tool for monitoring populations of the most important of the vectors of bancroftian filariasis.
Effects of Nucleoside Transport Inhibitors on the Salvage and Toxicity of Adenosine and Deoxyadenosine in L 1210 and P 388 Mouse Leukemia Cells 1 PeterG

Incubation of deoxycoformycin-treated L1210 leukemia cells with dipyridamole or nitrobenzylthioinosine, inhibitors of nuclecside transport, enhanced the long-term incorporation of 2'-deoxyadenosine and adenosine into the nucleotide pool and the toxicity of 2'-deoxyadenosine for the cells. In contrast, 2'-deoxyadenosine uptake in deoxycoformycin-treated P388 leukemia cells, which was about 10 times greater than that in L1210 cells, was inhibited by dipyridamole and nitrobenzylthioinosine, and 2'deoxyadenosine toxicity was not significantly affected by the transport inhibitors. P388 cells also were about 6 times more resistant to 2'-deoxyadenosine than were L1210 cells, in spite of the greater uptake of the nucleoside. We found that purine nucleoside transport in L1210 and P388 cells exhibited similar kinetic properties and sensitivity to dipyridamole and nitroben zylthioinosine (both influx and efflux) and that the stimulation of 2'-deoxyadenosine uptake by the inhibitors in L1210 cells is not mediated at the level of its transport into the cells but rather reflects an enhanced intracellular net accumulation of deoxyadenosine nucleotides.
Geometric Run Length Packet Channel Models Applied in DVB-H Simulations

This paper describes a class of finite-state packet error models that use mixtures of geometric distributions to approximate the statistics of measured packet error traces. Functional methods of determining the model parameters based on observed error statistics are proposed and implemented. Specific models from this class are constructed as examples and applied in simulating a digital video broadcasting system for handheld terminals (DVB-H). The models are then evaluated based on their statistical accuracy and simulation performance. It is determined that the new model evaluation approach offers improvement over earlier implementations
Self-Motion Perception Induced by Cutaneous Sensation Caused by Constant Wind

We first in the history of vection research, challenged to induce cutaneous vection by providing the participants body with wind. Participants wore an eye mask to block out all outside visual information, and white noise was presented through a pair of earphones to block out all outside auditory information. We also provided body sway by using a horse-riding machine. The constant wind was provided to the participants from the front, side and behind of them. The results clearly showed that the cutaneous vection by wind was obtained in almost all participants. Even by only wind to the body could induce vection.
Health‐related quality of life of patients on chronic dialysis: The need for a focused effort

Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients on chronic hemodialysis has not improved significantly in the last 20 years. This is largely due to their substantial symptom burden which is rarely assessed and treated in routine clinical practice. It also is a consequence of the lack of an appropriate armamentarium for the treatments of such symptoms. Adequate studies on the causes and pathogenesis of the symptoms of hemodialysis patients are needed followed by high quality studies on possible therapeutic pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions.
EVALUATION OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY AT DIFFERENT PHASES OF THERAPY OF CHILDHOOD ALL

In the present study the authors evaluated the status of spinal bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a group of 31 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, treated by ALL-BFM protocols without irradiation, at different phases of their treatment. These patients were studied (1) within 2 months of diagnosis (group 1, n = 17, median time postdiagnosis 17 days), (2) during chemotherapy (group 2, n = 16, median time on treatment 22 months), and (3) shortly after completion of therapy (group 3, n = 10, median time postchemotherapy 13 months). Twelve patients underwent serial measurements in either of the groups they entered (6 patients of group 1 and 6 patients of group 2). The mean cumulative prednisone dose was 0.8, 4.3, and 5 g/m2 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. A gradual decline of BMD from group 1 through group 3 was observed. The mean value of age- and sex-specific BMD z-score was −0.74 (±0.32) in group 1, −1.59 (±0.24) in group 2, and −2.03 (±0.27) in group 3; there was a statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 3 (p =. 022). A BMD z-score < −2 was found in 3 (17%), 4 (25%), and 5 (50%) patients of groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In conclusion, a high incidence of reduced bone mass was observed during and shortly after treatment. These findings could have significant consequences in long-term survivors.
Serum enterolactone concentration is not associated with breast cancer risk in a nested case‐control study

The lignan enterolactone produced by the intestinal microflora from dietary precursors has been hypothesized to protect against hormone‐dependent cancers. We conducted a nested case‐control study to examine the relationship between serum enterolactone concentration and risk of breast cancer. Enterolactone concentrations were measured by time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay in serum collected at 4 independent cross‐sectional population surveys from 206 women with breast cancer diagnosed during follow‐up (mean 8.0 years) and from 215 controls frequency‐matched to cases by study cohort, 5‐year age group and study area. Mean serum enterolactone concentration (nmol/l) did not significantly differ between case and control subjects [25.2 (SD 22.2) vs. 24.0 (SD 21.3), respectively]. Odds ratios for breast cancer risk estimated by conditional logistic regression for increasing concentration of enterolactone in quartiles were 1.00 (referent), 1.67 (95% CI 0.95–2.95), 1.71 (95% CI 0.96–3.06) and 1.30 (95% CI 0.73–2.31), and p for trend was 0.48. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that high serum enterolactone concentration is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of Pulmonary Function in Class I and II Obesity

* Study carried out in the Departament of Clinical Medicine of the Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo Correspondence to: Rua Sílvia, 301 Apto. 22 Bela Vista São Paulo SP. Phone: 55-11-289 4465 Fax: 55-11-3226 7300. E-mail: ziedrasslan@uol.com. br Submitted: 8 October 2003. Accepted, after review: 12 May 2004. Background: Obesity can affect the thorax, diaphragm and abdominal muscles, thereby resulting in altered respiratory function.
Organizational control as antidote to politics in the pursuit of strategic initiatives

In contrast to the contingency approach advanced by most prior work, we suggest a complementary perspective on organizational control and its relationship with performance. We argue that the simultaneous use of behavior and outcome control capitalizes on their respective advantages, and is therefore more effective than a sole reliance on either control type. Moreover, with organizational control seeking alignment between individual and organizational goals, the benefits of such a complementary approach may be more pronounced in a context characterized by high levels of organizational politics, or the pursuit of individual at the expense of organizational goals. Our analysis of strategic initiatives pursued by 184 European corporations provides support for both a complementary approach to organizational control and a contingency effect of organizational politics
Activated protein C resistance caused by factor V Arg 506-->Gln mutation has no role in thrombotic manifestations of Behçet's disease.

compensation claim had been made and was considered justified'. " The other paper, by Browne et al, cited by Dr Quintner was an essay in which the authors expressed their views. '2 No patient numbers were reported. Dr Quintner may consider my emphasis on the importance of the clinical examination a 'truism', but it is nevertheless one that bears repeating if only to avoid the temptation to rationalise the absence of clinical abnormalities by resorting to untenable hypotheses of neuropathic pain to explain this phenomenon. One can only be grateful that all of that neuropathic pain which afflicted so many Australian workers up until the mid 1980s has seen fit to resolve, apparently spontaneously.
General and variable features of varicosity spacing along unmyelinated axons in the hippocampus and cerebellum

Along unmyelinated central axons, synapses occur at focal swellings called axonal varicosities (boutons). The mechanisms regulating how frequently synapses and varicosities occur along axons remain poorly understood. Here, to investigate varicosity distribution patterns and the extent to which they may be conserved across different axons, we analyzed varicosity numbers and positions along fluorescently labeled axon branches in hippocampal area CA1 (CA3-to-CA1 “Schaffer collateral” axons) and five other synaptic regions of rat hippocampus and cerebellum. Varicosity spacing varied by region; e.g., 3.7 ± 0.6 μm (mean ± SD) for CA3-to-CA1 axons and 5.2 ± 1.0 μm for cerebellar parallel fibers. Surprisingly, when 56 axons from these different regions were pooled into a single heterogeneous group, a general relationship emerged: the spacing variability (SD) was a constant fraction of the mean spacing, suggesting that varicosities along different axons are distributed in a fundamentally similar, scaled manner. Varicosity spacing was neither regular nor random but followed a pattern consistent with random synaptic distributions and the occurrence of multiple-synapse boutons. A quantitative model reproduced the salient features of the data and distinguished between two proposed mechanisms relating axonal morphogenesis and synaptogenesis.