Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Somatodendritic ion channel expression in substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons across postnatal development

Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are involved in the control of movement, sleep, reward, learning, and nervous system disorders and disease. To date, a thorough characterization of the ion channel phenotype of this important neuronal population is lacking. Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed the somatodendritic expression of voltage‐gated ion channel subunits that are involved in pacemaking activity in SNc dopaminergic neurons in 6‐, 21‐, and 40‐day‐old rats. Our results demonstrate that the same complement of somatodendritic ion channels is present in SNc dopaminergic neurons from P6 to P40. The major developmental changes were an increase in the dendritic range of the immunolabeling for the HCN, T‐type calcium, Kv4.3, delayed rectifier, and SK channels. Our study sheds light on the ion channel subunits that contribute to the somatodendritic delayed rectifier (Kv1.3, Kv2.1, Kv3.2, Kv3.3), A‐type (Kv4.3) and calcium‐activated SK (SK1, SK2, SK3) potassium currents, IH (mainly HCN2, HCN4), and the L‐ (Cav1.2, Cav1.3) and T‐type (mainly Cav3.1, Cav3.3) calcium currents in SNc dopaminergic neurons. Finally, no robust differences in voltage‐gated ion channel immunolabeling were observed across the population of SNc dopaminergic neurons for each age examined, suggesting that differing levels of individual ion channels are unlikely to distinguish between specific subpopulations of SNc dopaminergic neurons. This is significant in light of previous studies suggesting that age‐ or region‐associated variations in the expression profile of voltage‐gated ion channels in SNc dopaminergic neurons may underlie their vulnerability to dysfunction and disease. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of online and offline features in sustaining virtual communities: an empirical study

Purpose – By expanding the technology acceptance model, the purpose of this paper is to provide a research model to examine the impact of online (information quality, system quality and service quality) and offline (offline activities) features on the sustainability of virtual communities. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a survey of 165 community members, the paper uses structural equation modeling approach to investigate the research model.Findings – The findings indicate that perceived of usefulness, perceived ease of use and offline activities are determinants of sustainability of virtual communities. In addition, information quality affects perceived usefulness, while system‐quality and service quality influence both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of virtual communities.Research limitations/implications – Since this study only considered non‐profit virtual communities, it is unclear whether these analytical results can be generalized to other virtual communities. Further researc.
Characterization of Signaling Pathways Activated by the Interleukin 1 (IL-1) Receptor Homologue T1/ST2

T1/ST2 is a member of the interleukin (IL)-1 receptor superfamily, possessing three immunoglobulin domains extracellularly and a Toll/IL1R (TIR) domain intracellularly. The ligand for T1/ST2 is not known. T1/ST2 is expressed on Type 2 T helper (Th2) cells, and its role appears to be in the regulation of Th2 cell function. Here, we have investigated T1/ST2 signal transduction, using either transient overexpression of T1/ST2 or a cross-linking monoclonal antibody to activate cells. We demonstrate that T1/ST2 does not activate the transcription factor NF-κB when overexpressed in murine thymoma EL4 cells, or in the mast cell line P815 treated with the anti-T1/ST2 antibody. However, a chimera comprising the extracellular domain of the type 1 IL-1 receptor and the intracellular domain of T1/ST2 activates NF-κB both by overexpression and in response to IL-1. This artificial activation requires the IL1RAcP recruited via the extracellular portion (IL1R1) of the chimera. T1/ST2 is, however, able to activate the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1), increase phosphorylation of c-Jun, and activate the MAP kinases c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p42/p44 and p38. Anti-T1/ST2 also induces the selective expression of IL-4 but not IFN-γ in naive T cells. Importantly, this effect is blocked by prior treatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 confirming that JNK as a key effector in T1/ST2 signaling. The lack of effect on NF-κB when T1/ST2 is homodimerized identifies T1/ST2 as the first member of the IL-1 receptor superfamily so far studied that is apparently unable to activate NF-κB, consistent with evidence indicating the lack of a role for NF-κB in Th2 cell function.
Salud psicológica en la mujer estéril

Un problema frecuente en pacientes con infertilidad es el sobrediagnostico por la asociacion entre padecer infertilidad y tener una enfermedad mental; sin embargo, las evidencias han mostrado que solo 30% de las mujeres desarrollaran cambios en la esfera psicologica que no corresponden a una enfermedad mental. Los cambios son principalmente manifestaciones reactivas ante el evento. Este trabajo es una propuesta que plantea otra forma de conceptualizar las reacciones de la mujer con esterilidad. Dentro de un continuo de salud y enfermedad se propone la existencia de cuatro segmentos: la psicosis, los trastornos de personalidad, las neurosis y las manifestaciones reactivas, para establecer una diferencia entre estar sano y enfermo. Las manifestaciones se dan en la esfera psicologica donde y, como resultado de las manifestaciones reactivas, hay un impacto en la calidad de vida de las pacientes en tratamiento. Los cambios se dividen en tres diferentes campos: la conducta habitual, la sintomatologia y el area relacional. La propuesta se realiza con el objetivo fundamental de despatologizar la vision de la mujer infertil
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia and hypertension have been reported in liver allograft recipients and contribute to an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The aims of the study were (1) to determine the prevalence of risk factors for IHD in these patients and (2) to compare the observed incidence of cardiovascular events and related mortality in allograft recipients with a matched population. METHODS One hundred ten consecutive adults (50 male) who attended for review after OLT (median follow-up 3.9 years; range 0.1-17.9) were assessed for cardiovascular risk factors using current blood pressure, diabetic status, and smoking history and measurements of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations. Cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality data were collected from the prospective database of all adult liver allograft recipients and compared to matched data from myocardial infarction registries and Office for National Statistics data, respectively. RESULTS Raised serum cholesterol (>5.0 mmol/L) was found in 48 (44%) patients (18 male), and systolic hypertension (>140 mmHg) was found in 69 (63%) patients (27 male). The relative risk of ischemic cardiac events was 3.07 (95% [confidence interval] CI, 1.98-4.53) and the relative risk for cardiovascular deaths was 2.56 (95% CI, 1.52-4.05) in allograft recipients compared to an age-matched population without transplants. CONCLUSIONS Liver allograft recipients have a greater risk of cardiovascular deaths and ischemic events than an age- and sex-matched population. The prevalence of raised cholesterol concentrations in patients after OLT is similar to those in previous reports. Moderate hypertension and hyperlipidemia may be more detrimental in patients after OLT compared to non-transplant patients without these risk factors.
Multiple Personality Disorder: An Analysis of 236 Cases

The authors collected a series of 236 cases of multiple personality (MPD) reported to them by 203 psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and other health care professionals. MPD patients experienced extensive sexual (79.2%) and physical (74.9%) abuse as children. They had been in the health care system for an average of 6.7 years before being diagnosed with MPD and had an average of 15.7 personalities at the time of reporting. The most common alter personalities were a child personality (86.0%), a personality of a different age (84.5%), a protector personality (84.0%), and a persecutor personality (84.0%). Patients MPD are highly suicidal with 72% attempting suicide and 2.1% being successful. The patients frequently received diagnoses for other mental disorders. The most common previous diagnoses were for affective disorders (63.7%), personality disorders (57.4%), anxiety disorders (44.3%), and schizophrenia (40.8%).
Controlled Pilot Study of Piracetam for Pediatric Opsoclonus–Myoclonus

Piracetam is an effective symptomatic treatment for some types of myoclonus in adults. To survey the efficacy and safety of piracetam in pediatric opsoclonus–myoclonus, we conducted an open, randomized, two-period, dose-ranging, double-blind, crossover, clinical trial of five children comparing the antimyoclonic properties of oral piracetam to placebo. We devised and validated a new rating scale, specifically for pediatric opsoclonus–myoclonus. Two parents while blinded were able to identify the active phase by improvement in behavior, but another thought the behavior was worse. None of the patients showed improvement in myoclonus. The adult-equivalent dose of piracetam used in this study, which is threefold higher than that used in previous pediatric studies, was well tolerated and safe. We found our rating scale to be a reliable and useful tool for future studies of opsoclonus–myoclonus in children.
Association of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Survival According to Ambulance Response Times After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Background: Bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) increases patient survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but it is unknown to what degree bystander CPR remains positively associated with survival with increasing time to potential defibrillation. The main objective was to examine the association of bystander CPR with survival as time to advanced treatment increases. Methods: We studied 7623 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients between 2005 and 2011, identified through the nationwide Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between time from 911 call to emergency medical service arrival (response time) and survival according to whether bystander CPR was provided (yes or no). Reported are 30-day survival chances with 95% bootstrap confidence intervals. Results: With increasing response times, adjusted 30-day survival chances decreased for both patients with bystander CPR and those without. However, the contrast between the survival chances of patients with versus without bystander CPR increased over time: within 5 minutes, 30-day survival was 14.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.8–16.4) versus 6.3% (95% CI: 5.1–7.6), corresponding to 2.3 times higher chances of survival associated with bystander CPR; within 10 minutes, 30-day survival chances were 6.7% (95% CI: 5.4–8.1) versus 2.2% (95% CI: 1.5–3.1), corresponding to 3.0 times higher chances of 30-day survival associated with bystander CPR. The contrast in 30-day survival became statistically insignificant when response time was >13 minutes (bystander CPR vs no bystander CPR: 3.7% [95% CI: 2.2–5.4] vs 1.5% [95% CI: 0.6–2.7]), but 30-day survival was still 2.5 times higher associated with bystander CPR. Based on the model and Danish out-of-hospital cardiac arrest statistics, an additional 233 patients could potentially be saved annually if response time was reduced from 10 to 5 minutes and 119 patients if response time was reduced from 7 (the median response time in this study) to 5 minutes. Conclusions: The absolute survival associated with bystander CPR declined rapidly with time. Yet bystander CPR while waiting for an ambulance was associated with a more than doubling of 30-day survival even in case of long ambulance response time. Decreasing ambulance response time by even a few minutes could potentially lead to many additional lives saved every year.
Inequalities between the Two Kinds of Eigenvalues of a Linear Transformation.

an extension (T, y6) of Q such that T contains E as local subgroup and {1 E = q| E. We call the pair (Y, X) elementary with respect to Q if every extension of X is extensible over Q from Y. We can now state a group-theoretic equivalent of the condition P2( Y, X) = 0. THEOREM 3. Let X, Y be local subgroups of a group Q such that (1) Y is a local subgroup of X; (2) Q is simply connected relative to Y; (3) X contains no elements of order 2. A necessary and sufficient condition thtat (Y, X) be elementary with respect to Q is that P2(Y, X) = 0 With the aid of Theorem 3, it is possible to give a proof of the existence of Lie groups in the large based on the vanishing of the second homotopy group rather than on the theorem of E. Levi.3 The details will appear elsewhere.
Pulmonary Effects and Clearance After Long-Term Inhalation of Potassium Octatitanate Whiskers in Rats

The pulmonary effects of long-term inhalation of potassium octatitanate whisker (PT1), one of the durable man-made fibers (MMFs), were examined in rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to PT1 by inhalation for 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 1 yr. The daily average exposure concentration of PT1 aerosol was 2.2 ± 0.7 mg/m3 (111 ± 34 fiber/ml) during the exposure. Rats were sacrificed at 3 days, 6 mo, and 12 mo after 1 yr of inhalation exposure. The amount of deposited PT1 in rat lungs (lung burden) was 2.4 ± 0.7 mg and the deposition fraction was 7.2% at 3 days after 1 yr. The clearance of inhaled PT1 after 1-yr inhalation was prolonged so that the biological half-life time (BHT) was difficult to estimate. The histopathological findings showed that mild fibrotic changes were observed around the macrophages that had engulfed the PT1 in the 3-day, 6-mo, and 12-mo rat sacrifice groups. As for pulmonary tumors, no malignant tumors were observed, although 2 adenomas at 6 mo and 1 adenoma and 1 squamous metaplasia at 12 mo after the exposure were found in the rat lungs.
rapid communication Muscle metaboreflex improves O 2 delivery to ischemic active skeletal muscle

O’Leary, Donal S. , Robert A. Augustyniak, Eric J. Ansorge, and Heidi L. Collins. Muscle metaboreflex improves O2 delivery to ischemic active skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 45): H1399–H1403, 1999. — Ischemia of active skeletal muscle elicits a powerful pressor response, termed the muscle metaboreflex. We recently reported that the muscle metaboreflex pressor response acts to partially restore blood flow to the ischemic active skeletal muscle. However, because this reflex is activated by reductions in O2 delivery rather than blood flow per se, gain of the muscle metaboreflex as analyzed on the basis of blood flow alone may underestimate its true strength if this reflex also acts to increase arterial O2 content. In conscious dogs chronically instrumented to measure systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output, and hindlimb blood flow, we activated the muscle metaboreflex via graded, partial reductions in hindlimb blood flow during mild (3.2 km/h) and moderate (6.4 km/h, 10% grade) workloads. At rest, during free-flow exercise, and with metaboreflex activation, we analyzed arterial blood samples for Hb concentration and O2 content and compared muscle metaboreflex gain calculations based on the ability to partially restore flow with those based on the ability to partially restore O2 delivery (blood flow 3 arterial O2 content). During both mild and moderate exercise, metaboreflex activation caused significant increases in arterial Hb concentration and O2 content. Metaboreflex gain quantified on the ability to partially restore O2 delivery was significantly greater than that based on restoration of blood flow during both mild and moderate workloads (0.52 6 0.10 vs. 0.39 6 0.08, P , 0.05, and 0.61 6 0.05 vs. 0.46 6 0.04, P , 0.05, respectively). We conclude that the muscle metaboreflex acts to increase both arterial O2 content and blood flow to ischemic muscle such that when combined, O2 delivery is substantially increased and metaboreflex gain is greater when analyzed with a more integrative approach.
USE OF GLYCEROL IN DAIRY RATIONS

Increased cost of common feedstuffs and increased availability of coproducts from plant-based biofuel manufacturing has enhanced interest in the use of these coproducts in rations for dairy cattle (Donkin and Doane, 2007). Glycerol (commonly marketed as crude glycerine with a glycerol content of approximately 80%) is a coproduct produced during biodiesel production from soybean oil and is becoming available as a feedstuff within the dairy industry. The purpose of this paper will be to review the metabolism of glycerol in the cow, to review recent research focused on feeding glycerol as a glucogenic supplement to transition cows, and to review use of glycerol in rations for lactating dairy cows.
Scheduling with Testing

We study a new class of scheduling problems that capture common settings in service environments, in which one has to serve a collection of jobs that have a priori uncertain attributes (e.g., processing times and priorities) and the service provider has to decide how to dynamically allocate resources (e.g., people, equipment, and time) between testing (diagnosing) jobs to learn more about their respective uncertain attributes and processing jobs. The former could inform future decisions, but could delay the service time for other jobs, while the latter directly advances the processing of the jobs but requires making decisions under uncertainty. Through novel analysis we obtain surprising structural results of optimal policies that provide operational managerial insights, efficient optimal and near-optimal algorithms, and quantification of the value of testing. We believe that our approach will lead to further research to explore this important practical trade-off. The online appendix is available at https.
Fear-Mongering or Fact-Driven? Illuminating the Interplay of Objective Risk and Emotion-Evoking Form in the Response to Epidemic News

ABSTRACT This study examined the veracity of the common assumption that news coverage of epidemic outbreaks spawns heightened fears and risk perceptions. An online experiment with 1,324 participants investigated the interplay of the form of news coverage (factual/emotion-laden) and key aspects of actual risk (low/high vulnerability, low/high severity) on audience responses. Participants read one of eight versions of a newspaper article followed by measures on risk perceptions, negative affect, behavioral intentions, and perceived sensationalism. Risk perceptions and fear were primarily driven by objective risk characteristics, whereas emotion-laden news form only increased perceptions of disease severity, not of fear or personal vulnerability.
Contrast-enhanced MR mammography: improved lesion detection and differentiation with gadobenate dimeglumine.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to intraindividually compare 0.1 mmol/kg doses of gadobenate dimeglumine and gadopentetate dimeglumine for contrast-enhanced breast MRI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty-seven women (mean age +/- SD, 50.8 +/- 12.9 years) with breast lesions classified as BI-RADS category 3, 4, or 5 for suspicion of malignancy underwent two identical MR examinations at 1.5 T separated by 48-72 hours. T1-weighted gradient-echo images were acquired before contrast administration and at 2-minute intervals after the randomized injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine or gadobenate dimeglumine at 2 mL/s. Two blinded readers evaluated randomized image sets for lesion detection and differentiation as benign or malignant compared with histology. The McNemar exact test and the generalized estimating equation (GEE) were used to compare lesion detection rates and diagnostic performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). RESULTS Histopathology data were available for 78 lesions. Significantly more lesions overall (75/78 [96%] vs 62/78 [79%], respectively; p = 0.0002) and significantly more malignant lesions (49/50 [98%] vs 38/50 [76%]; p = 0.0009) were detected with gadobenate dimeglumine than gadopentetate dimeglumine. All detected malignant lesions were correctly diagnosed with both agents. More detected benign lesions were correctly diagnosed with gadobenate dimeglumine than with gadopentetate dimeglumine (20/26 [77%] vs 17/24 [71%], respectively). Differentiation of lesions was significantly (p = 0.0001) better with gadobenate dimeglumine. Significantly better diagnostic performance was noted with gadobenate dimeglumine than with gadopentetate dimeglumine, respectively, for sensitivity (98.0% vs 76.0%; p = 0.0064), accuracy (88.5% vs 69.2%; p = 0.0004), PPV (86.0% vs 76.0%; p = 0.0321), and NPV (95.2% vs 57.1%; p = 0.0003). CONCLUSION Lesion detection and malignant-benign differentiation is significantly better with 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine than 0.1 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine.
A Review of the History of Traumatic Stress Studies in Japan

Based on available literature, this review article investigates traumatic stress studies in Japan from the late 19th century to the present for English speaking audiences. First, traumatic neuroses of war victims, A-bomb survivors, and victims of work-related accidents are discussed. Second, traumatic stress studies of victims of other manmade disasters, such as the sarin gas attacks in Tokyo, domestic violence, and burn injuries. Third, psychological outcomes of natural disaster studies are discussed in relation to social support and help-seeking tendencies of Japan disaster victims.
Viewpoint Dependence and Object Discriminability

In an attempt to reconcile results of previous studies, several theorists have suggested that object recognition performance should range from viewpoint invariant to highly viewpoint dependent depending on how easy it is to differentiate the objects in a given recognition situation. The present study assessed recognition across depth rotations of a single general class of novel objects in three contexts that varied in difficulty. In an initial experiment, recognition in the context involving the most discriminable object differences was viewpoint invariant, but recognition in the least discriminable context and recognition in the intermediate context were equally viewpoint dependent. In a second experiment, utilizing gray-scale versions of the same stimuli, almost identical viewpoint-cost functions were obtained in all three contexts. These results suggest that differences in the geometry of stimulus objects, rather than task difficulty, lie at the heart of previously discrepant findings.
Oral Gene Application Using Chitosan-DNA Nanoparticles Induces Transferable Tolerance

ABSTRACT Oral tolerance is a promising approach to induce unresponsiveness to various antigens. The development of tolerogenic vaccines could be exploited in modulating the immune response in autoimmune disease and allograft rejection. In this study, we investigated a nonviral gene transfer strategy for inducing oral tolerance via antigen-encoding chitosan-DNA nanoparticles (NP). Oral application of ovalbumin (OVA)-encoding chitosan-DNA NP (OVA-NP) suppressed the OVA-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and anti-OVA antibody formation, as well as spleen cell proliferation following OVA stimulation. Cytokine expression patterns following OVA stimulation in vitro showed a shift from a Th1 toward a Th2/Th3 response. The OVA-NP-induced tolerance was transferable from donor to naïve recipient mice via adoptive spleen cell transfer and was mediated by CD4+CD25+ T cells. These findings indicate that nonviral oral gene transfer can induce regulatory T cells for antigen-specific immune modulation.