Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BIOSPELEOLOGICAL NOTES ON THE CAVES OF THE PARNASSOS , GIONA AND VARDOUSIA MOUNTAINS ( CENTRAL GREECE )

Although the first Greek cavernicolous animal was discovered by T. Kruper in the middle of 19th century from the cave Korikion Andron on Mount Parnassos (Duvalius krueperi (Schaum, 1862)), biospeleological research in this area of central Greece is still yielding very poor and scattered results (Casale and Giachino, 1994). In the last decade two of us (i.e. Di Russo and Rampini) investigated the cave fauna of several areas of Hellenic regions including cave habitats of some Ionian and Aegean islands (Rampini et al. 2008, Taylan et al. 2012). Our research was focused mainly on the cave crickets of the family Rhaphidophoridae that comprise in Greece two genera, Dolichopoda and Troglophilus with about 33 species (Alexiou et al. 2013, Di Russo et al. 2014). Among the different areas studied, the reliefs of Fokida and Biotia such as mountains Parnassos, Giona and Vardousia have raised particular interest because although they host many important karstic complexes they are almost completely unknown as regards their biospeleological component.
Testing the Efficiency of Selected African Stock Markets : By

In this paper, we employ various tests to investigate the weak form of the efficient market hypothesis for four African stock markets – Ghana, Mauritius, Egypt and South Africa. The results of both parametric and nonparametric tests show that the South African stock market is weak form efficient, whereas that of Ghana, Mauritius and Egypt are weak form inefficient. This implies that successive security returns on the South African market are independent and follow a random walk. The same cannot be said of the other three markets. Consequently, we also fitted an ARIMA model to the excess return data for Ghana, Mauritius and Egypt using the Box-Jenkins method. The ARIMA models are then used to generate one-period ahead forecasts for the subsequent 12 periods for these three countries. The ARIMA forecasts in all three countries outperformed the naïve model, corroborating our initial inefficiency results from the earlier tests. JEL Classification: G12 G14 G22
Evolutionary System Definition Language

A large proportion of publications in evolutionary computation describe algorithm specialisation and experimentation. These algorithms are variously described using text, tables, flowcharts, functions or pseudocode. However, ambiguity is a common artefact that can limit the efficiency of communication. Evolutionary System Definition Language (ESDL) is a conceptual model and language for describing evolutionary systems efficiently and with reduced ambiguity, including systems with multiple populations and adaptive parameters. ESDL can be machine-interpreted to run systems without requiring a hand-coded implementation
Laboratory experiments on symmetric and asymmetric mode-2 internal solitary waves in a three-layer fluid

Numerous observational examples of Mode-2 internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the ocean (e.g. Yang et al.[12], Schroyer et al.[8]) have motivated recent modelling studies. The present laboratory investigation has been undertaken to investigate aspects of the behaviour of Mode-2 ISWs predicted by numerical model results obtained by Salloum et al. [6] and Olsthoorn et al.[5]; in particular, the dependence of the structure and stability of such waves upon asymmetrical initial conditions. As in the numerical models, asymmetry in the initial conditions is imposed by a prescribed offset between the mid-depth of the undisturbed 3-layer stratified fluid and the mid-level of the middle layer. For stable mode-2 waves, the experiments demonstrate that observed flow patterns (and their time development) agree well with numerical model predictions. For symmetrical initial conditions (0% offset), the amplitudes of the dominant and secondary mode-2 waves (and their phase velocities) are seen to agree well with the values obtained numerically by Olsthoorn et al [5] for identical conditions. The critical amplitude required for mode-2 ISW instability compares well with the predicted value for symmetrical initial conditions but the critical amplitude is shown to decrease for increasing degrees of asymmetry in the initial conditions. As the initial condition asymmetry (i.e the % offset) increases, the top-bottom asymmetry of the manifestation of instability is shown to increase.
1 Optimal Management of Spread Externalities and the Implications of Heterogeneous Capacity Constraints

Abstract Ecological conditions give rise to heterogeneous carrying capacities that influence both the growth and spread of spatial externalities. We develop a spatial-dynamic model of resource management and show that ecological capacity constraints influence optimal control strategies across space. We use integer-programming methods to solve our model for optimal control strategies in both homogeneous and heterogeneous landscapes. Our results indicate that when spatially heterogeneous capacity constraints are included in the model, the optimal levels of suppression will vary over space as well. This occurs for two reasons. The first is that heterogeneous capacity constraints influence the costs and damages associated with the externality, therefore, discrete patches with different carrying capacities have different optimal levels of control. The second reason is that spread externalities exist and become more prevalent as the heterogeneity between adjacent patches increases. We show that ignoring spatial heterogeneity leads to welfare losses. In numerical models with high degrees of heterogeneity, we show that a naïve homogeneous carrying-capacity assumption results in significant increases in the total cost of control. This highlights the need to account for and model heterogeneous carrying capacities in the optimal management of spatial-dynamic externalities.
Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology : A Study at A Tertiary Care Referral Center In South India .

Thyroid lesions are one of the common conditions encountered in clinical practice. Thyroid nodules are very frequent, with a number of studies showing an annual incidence rate of 4–8%. In thyroid the various pathological processes includes hyperplasia, benign and malignant neoplasms. Differentiating the benign and malignant lesions are important in the management of the patients. To compare conventional & Bethesda system of reporting in Thyroid lesions (TBSRTC) and study prospectively the diagnostic utility of TBSRTC at our institution and report the malignancy risk for FNA of thyroid lesions. The study was under taken in the department of Pathology,Osmania General Hospital, Afzalgunj, Hyderabad, During the period of June 2011to May2013.The study comprises of 535 patients who presented with the history of swelling of thyroid which were referred from the department of Surgery, Medicine, E.N. T. etc. The procedure was explained in detail to the patient in their own language and consent was taken conventional FNAC was done in all patients after the procedure was explained to them and by employing imaging guidance where ever necessary. The Bethesda system is very useful for a standardized system of reporting thyroid cytopathology, improving communication between cyto-pathologists and clinicians, and inter-laboratory agreement, leading to more consistent management approaches.
Sub-chronic toxicity study of synthetic Pyrethroids ( Lambda-cyhalothrin ) on reproductive organs of male Wistar rats

Article Type: Full Length Research Article Pesticides constitute the most widespread environmental contaminants due to their ubiquitous use in all aspect of human endeavors. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LTC), a synthetic pyrethroid has widely been used for pest control. Human and animals are occasionally and unintentionally exposed to lethal and sub-lethal doses of pesticides stemming from its various uses to control pests both in agriculture and public health. The objective of the study was to evaluate the toxicity of LTC in male reproductivity through testicular tests. The study also investigated the haematological, serum biochemistry and histological effects of sub-chronic concentrations of LTC on male rats. Twenty-five 7-weeks-old male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly assigned to five groups. Group 1 was the control group, which received distilled water. Experimental groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 received by gavage 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg LTC body weight, respectively, of LTC over a period of five weeks. Histopathological studies were carried out on the testes and seminal vesicles at the end of the experiment. A significant decrease in the absolute weight of testes and seminal vesicles, sperm count, sperm motility and L-D ratio was observed. The results obtained also show marked degeneration of spermatogenic cells associated with interstitial necrosis and congestion with interstitial diffuse edema in the testis of the rat treated with LTC. A typical dose-dependent hyperplasia and degeneration of the seminal vesicles was found in all LTC treated rats with 100 mg/kg body weight and 25 mg/kg body weight having the highest and lowest toxicity level respectively, when compared with that of Group 1. It can be concluded that LTC is highly toxic and may induce poor fertility, cell damage and anaemic conditions in exposed rats. ©2016 BluePen Journals Ltd. All rights reserved
ANALYSIS OF CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERS IN AROMATIC ADVANCED BREEDING LINES OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)

The experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) during kharif 2010 to assess the agromorphological characterization, genetic variability, association analysis and genetic divergence among the ninety eight aromatic advanced breeding lines of rice along with popular standard checks namely Indira Sugandhit Dhan-1, Pusa Basmati-1, Badsha bhog, Dubraj, Chinnor, Mahisugandha and Kalanamak. In the present investigation Grain yield per plant was positively and significantly associated with 100-seed weight, Number of total effective tillers per plant, Filled spikelets per panicle and Total spikelets per panicle.
Comparison of Ten-Day Sequential and Standard Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication

Helicobacter pylori (HBP) is reported as one of the main causes of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer in the world. The challenge for finding an optimal treatment regimen for HBP eradication is still a matter of concern. The aim of this study was to compare the HBP eradication rate as well as side effects between two 10-days treatments of the standard triple and sequential regimen. This study was performed on patients with dyspepsia and HBP positive. Patients were categorized in two treatment groups including; standard (Omeprazole, Amoxicillin, and Clarithromycin) and sequential treatment (Omeprazole, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, and Metronidazole). HBP eradication rate, side effects, and treatment costs were compared between two groups. One hundred thirty-two patients (58 males, 74 females) with a mean age of 42.7±14.2year-old were studied in two groups of Standard Treatment (n=66) and Sequential Treatment (n=66). There were not any significant differences between two groups regarding baseline features. The overall rate of HBP eradication was estimated to be 79.5%. Although, there was not any significant difference between the observed side effects, the mean cost of treatment in standard was significantly lower than that in the sequential group (P=0.001). It seems that there are not any clinical differences between 10-day treatment plan of the standard triple and sequential therapy in the case of HBP eradication and side effects. However, the sequential treatment might be a better option as the economic point of view. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. Acta Med Iran 2019;57(4):224-228.
The characteristics of fetal central nervous system abnormalities in prenatal magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography and their relationship with chromosomal disorders

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound in detecting fetal central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities and to investigate the association between fetal CNS abnormalities and chromosomal disorders. Methods: A cohort of 359 fetuses with suspected fetal CNS abnormalities were included in the study between November 2011 and September 2017. They underwent a fetal head MRI and karyotype analysis within one week after an ultrasonic examination. The diagnostic results of the ultrasound and MRI were compared. The correlation between fetal CNS abnormalities and chromosomal abnormalities were also analyzed. Results: The 359 cases included 271 (75.5%) fetuses with an isolated CNS abnormality and 88 (24.5%) with multiple abnormalities. Diagnostic concordance between MRI and ultrasound occurred in 68.0% (244/359) of the cases. MRI provided additional clinical information in 24.0% (86/359). Completely different diagnoses between MRI and ultrasound were reached 4.7% of the cases (17/359). Abnormal ultrasound findings but normal MRI findings were manifested in 3.3% of the cases (12/359). The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities was 14.2% (51/359) overall, 4.8% (13/271) for isolated CNS abnormalities, and 43.2% (38/88) for non-isolated CNS abnormalities. A Chi-square test showed a statistical difference in chromosomal abnormalities between the fetuses with isolated CNS abnormalities and non-isolated CNS abnormalities (χ2=80.3, P<0.001). Conclusion: MRI can improve the diagnostic accuracy and provide more information when fetal CNS abnormalities are detected by ultrasound. Chromosomal abnormalities are more associated with non-isolated CNS abnormalities rather than isolated abnormalities.
The Comovement of Exchange Rates and Stock Markets in Central and Eastern Europe

This paper analyses the link between exchange rates and stock markets in four Central and Eastern European countries. We simultaneously explore the comovements of foreign exchange markets and stock markets at the cross-country level and the link between these two markets within each country while employing a Dynamic Conditional Correlation Mixed Data Sampling (DCC-MIDAS) model. Such an approach to financial markets conveys a much more visible picture of the existing patterns of financial integration between these markets that would otherwise be neglected. The estimates reveal significant differences between the patterns of correlation in our sample countries. First, the paper finds a quite low degree of convergence between foreign exchange markets, with rising correlations during some of the crisis episodes. Second, both the 2004 European Union enlargement and the European sovereign debt crisis underpin the stock market comovements in the Central and Eastern European countries. Third, the correlations between the exchange rate returns and stock markets rise mostly during the European sovereign debt crisis and to a lesser extent during the global financial crisis, revealing signs of contagion and lower portfolio diversification opportunities. These results are of utmost relevance for the process of financial integration and they also have important implications for policy makers, risk management, and investors.
SWOW-8500: Word Association task for Intrinsic Evaluation of Word Embeddings

Downstream evaluation of pretrained word embeddings is expensive, more so for tasks where current state of the art models are very large architectures. Intrinsic evaluation using word similarity or analogy datasets, on the other hand, suffers from several disadvantages. We propose a novel intrinsic evaluation task employing large word association datasets (particularly the Small World of Words dataset). We observe correlations not just between performances on SWOW-8500 and previously proposed intrinsic tasks of word similarity prediction, but also with downstream tasks (eg. Text Classification and Natural Language Inference). Most importantly, we report better confidence intervals for scores on our word association task, with no fall in correlation with downstream performance.
PERFORMANCE , NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS FED MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF MEAL

The study was carried out to determine the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on the performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Fresh leaves of Moringa oleifera were harvested and sundried for four days and milled. Two hundred broilers chickens (Anak strain) were randomly allotted to five treatment groups. Each group was replicated four times at 10 birds per replicate. MOLM was incorporated into the broiler starter and finisher diets at 0% , 5%, 10% 15% and 20% levels respectively. Feed intake values at the starter phase were significantly (P<0.05) different across the groups of birds, but similar (P>0.05) at the finisher phase. The weight gain (WG) was statistically similar (P>0.05) at the starter phase but significantly (P<0.05) different at the finisher phase, with birds fed with 15% MOLM based diet having the highest WG. The feed conversion ratio of the birds were similar (P>0.05) at the starter phase, but differed (P<0.05) at the finisher phase. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was higher (P<0.05) in birds fed the control diet and 15% MOLM. Higher (P<0.05) crude protein digestibility was obtained in birds fed control diet and 15% MOLM. Carcass characteristics showed higher significant (P<0.05) values of dressing percentage in birds fed control diet and 15% MOLM. Lower values of breast, wings, and abdominal fat were obtained in birds fed with 10% and 20%% MOLM. Overall, the best significant improvement in the response indices were obtained in birds fed 15% MOLM.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ITG-LIKE TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS IN T- 10 TOKAMAK CORE PLASMA WITH TOROIDAL AND POLOIDAL CORRELATION REFLECTOMETRY

The physical mechanisms of small-scale density fluctuations in the frequency range 5 500 kHz have been investigated with correlation reflectometry in different types of ohmicaly heated discharges. A temporal formation of velocity shear in the central region of plasma column during the discharge transition from Saturated to Improved Ohmic Confinement results in suppression of long wavelength quasi-coherent turbulence, while the amplitude of fluctuations with shorter wavelength is not affected. The potential of correlation reflectometry was extended by simultaneous plasma probing from Low Field Side and High Field Side. A factor of 5 enhancement of quasi-coherent turbulence at Low Field Side was measured, while the other turbulence type is poloidally symmetrical. Nearly 100 % long distance toroidal correlation was observed for quasi-coherent density fluctuations at a distance of 10 meter after one turn around tokamak major axis. Fluctuations propagate at an angle of about 0.5 0 with respect to the perpendicular to the magnetic field line, proving a drift mechanism of turbulence. A plasma rotation was estimated from the radial force balance equation for ions with the radial electric field, measured with heavy ion beam probe diagnostic. A comparison of the calculated plasma rotation with measured turbulence one show that the turbulence either rotates in ion diamagnetic drift direction in a plasma frame. All experimental observations are consistent with Toroidal and Slab ITG turbulence physical mechanism.
Higher Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in Young Patients with Early Gastric Cancer

Objective: Whether age affects lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with gastric cancer (GC) is currently inconclusive. This study investigates the effect of age on LNM in patients with GC. Methods: From January 1988 to December 2013, 22,808 GC patients underwent gastrectomy at the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were included. The relationship between age and LNM was analyzed. Results: The median number of examined lymph nodes (ELNs) was 12 (interquartile range [IQR], 7-20) among the 22,808 patients with GC, and the median numbers of ELNs were 10 (IQR, 5-18), 12 (IQR, 6-19), 13 (IQR, 7-21) and 13 (IQR, 7-21) in patients with T1 to T4 disease, respectively. A total of 13,780 (60.4%) patients presented with LNM. The LNM rates were 69.6%, 66.1%, 64.7%, 61.8%, 57.8% and 55.6% for patients in the 20-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and ≥ 80 age groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The LNM rates and the number of positive lymph nodes were correlated with age among patients whose diseases were of the same T stage (all P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that age was an independent predictor for LNM in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) (P < 0.05), and linear regression analysis showed that the LNM rate was higher in young patients with EGC (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Age is an independent predictor for LNM in EGC. Moreover, LNM is more common in young patients with EGC than in other age groups, which indicates that limited lymph node dissection may not be appropriate for young patients with EGC.
GERAÇÃO DE CASOS DE TESTE PARA LINGUAGENS COM ARITIMÉTICA DE PONTEIRO

Software testing and debugging are hard tasks. In general, it is necessary that the execution ow reaches a function in order to be able to test it. In this sense, much e ort was employed in the development of techniques, such as symbolic execution and fuzz testing, to automatically generate test cases in a way to analyze functions of interest. However, such techniques have limitations. A limitation which catches our attention is the fact that, to the best of our knowledge, no current technique relates arrays passed as inputs for functions with other inputs that represent their sizes. Thus, existing techniques, in some cases, may generate test cases which result in invalid memory accesses that would not happen in a real execution of the program being tested. In this dissertation, we present two static analyses for inference of array sizes, as well as an algorithm for generation of test cases capable of generating safe tests by using such analyses. In order to evaluate the e ectiveness of our technique, we performed two experiments. In the rst of them, we found that the static analyses were able to bind 34.6% of the array sizes received as parameter by functions in the SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite (which contains real world programs). In the second, we used Asymptus, a tool for automatic inference of function complexity which was developed during this master's research as a preliminary work, over the test cases generated by our technique. Asymptus was able to correctly infer the complexity of functions both written by us and extracted from the Polybench benchmark suite. It shows that our technique of input generation is useful for the automatic execution of functions of interest.