Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SGX-Bomb: Locking Down the Processor via Rowhammer Attack

Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) provides a strongly isolated memory space, known as an enclave, for a user process, ensuring confidentiality and integrity against software and hardware attacks. Even the operating system and hypervisor cannot access the enclave because of the hardware-level isolation. Further, hardware attacks are neither able to disclose plaintext data from the enclave because its memory is always encrypted nor modify it because its integrity is always verified using an integrity tree. When the processor detects any integrity violation, it locks itself to prevent further damages; that is, a system reboot is necessary. The processor lock seems a reasonable solution against such a powerful hardware attacker; however, if a software attacker has a way to trigger integrity violation, the lock could result in a severe denial-of-service (DoS) attack. In this paper, we introduce the SGX-Bomb attack that launches the Rowhammer attack against enclave memory to trigger the processor lockdown. The SGX-Bomb attack is simple yet alarming. Inside an enclave, this attack first finds conflicting row addresses at the same DRAM bank, and then repeatedly accesses them while bypassing the cache. If arbitrary bit flips have occurred inside the enclave because of the Rowhammer attack, any read attempts to the enclave memory results in a failure of integrity check so that the processor will be locked, and the system should be rebooted. The SGX-Bomb attack is a serious threat especially to the public cloud providers who are supposed to run unknown enclave programs received from their clients, which might shut down their servers shared with other clients. We evaluate the effectiveness of the SGX-Bomb attack in a real environment with DDR4 DRAM; it takes 283 s to hang the entire system with the default DRAM refresh rate, 64 ms.
Comparison of Serum Protein Electrophoresis Values in Wild and Captive Whooping Cranes (Grus americana)

Abstract: Protein electrophoresis of serum samples from endangered, wild whooping cranes (Grus americana) was performed to help assess the health of the only self-sustaining, migratory population in North America. Serum samples from wild adult cranes (n = 22) were taken at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, USA during winter. Wild juvenile cranes (n = 26) were sampled at Wood Buffalo National Park, Northwest Territories, Canada, in midsummer. All captive crane samples were acquired from the International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, WI, USA. Captive adult cranes (n = 30) were sampled during annual examinations, and archived serum samples from captive juvenile cranes (n = 19) were selected to match the estimated age of wild juveniles. Wild juveniles had significantly lower concentrations of all protein fractions than wild adults, except for prealbumin and γ globulins. All protein fraction concentrations for wild juveniles were significantly lower compared with captive juveniles, except for prealbumin and γ globulins, which were higher. Wild adults had significantly greater γ globulin concentrations than captive adults. Captive juveniles had significantly lower prealbumin and albumin concentrations and albumin : globulin ratios than captive adults. The higher γ globulin concentrations in wild versus captive cranes are likely because of increased antigenic exposure and immune stimulation. Protein fraction concentrations vary significantly with age and natural history in this species. Reference intervals for serum protein electrophoresis results from captive adult whooping cranes are provided in this study.
Genetic Variation and Gene Flow of Broadcast Spawning and Planula Brooding Coral, Goniastrea aspera (Scleractinia) in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Southern Japan

Abstract The scleractinian coral Goniastrea aspera (Verrill) undergoes both broadcast spawning and planulae brooding in the Ryukyu Archipelago of southern Japan. Genetic variation and gene flow in G. aspera were studied using allozyme electrophoresis. We tested the hypothesis that gene flow is determined by the competency period of the planulae. We also assessed the relative contributions of sexual and asexual reproduction to recruitment. For the five staining systems surveyed, G. aspera encoded five polymorphic loci and one monomorphic locus. The genotype frequencies in each population significantly differed from the expected Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), indicating that the local populations of G. aspera are not fully panmictic. The high ratio of the observed number of genotypes to the number of individuals (0.90±0.07, mean NG:N±SD) and the observed to expected genotypic diversity (0.84±0.11, mean GO:GE±SD) suggested that each population is likely maintained by sexual reproduction. The genetic differentiation (FST) and value of average number of migrants per generation (Nem) among and within regions ranged from 0.025 to 0.104 and 2.2 to 9.6, respectively. Comparisons with other species demonstrated that larva survival rates also influence gene flow. In addition, gene flow on distant reefs by planulae originating from spawning might prevent divergence by planulae originating from brooding for short-distant dispersal among and within populations of G. aspera in the Ryukyu Archipelago.
Seasonal and spatial quantitative changes in Aedes aegypti under distinctly different ecological areas of Lahore, Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE To find out the variations in larval and adult density of Aedes aegypti in different seasons under different ecological conditions. METHODS This study was undertaken in all the nine towns and the cantonment board of Lahore, Pakistan, during four seasons in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Ovitraps were placed in houses in residential areas and were visited weekly in rainy and post-rainy seasons each year to determine the presence of immature and mature forms of Ae.aegypti. Densities of these were measured by ovitrap index and per man hour density, respectively. Correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination between ovitrap index, per man hour density and climatic variables were established. SPSS 19 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Ovitrap index and per man hour density values were lower in early rainy season compared to late rainy and early post-rainy seasons. These became lowest in late post rainy season. Strong correlation coefficient and its determination between ovitrap, per man hour density and climatic variables were observed. CONCLUSIONS Density of immature and mature forms of Ae.aegypti was influenced by environmental degradation.
Diagnostic criteria for melancholia. The comparative validity of DSM-III and DSM-III-R.

The psychometric properties and validity of the DSM-III and DSM-III-R definitions of melancholia were examined in 60 depressed inpatients. The prevalence of melancholia was significantly higher according to the DSM-III-R criteria, and the kappa-coefficient of agreement between the two definitions was . 40. For both criteria sets, the internal consistencies and item-scale correlations were low. Both definitions were associated with overall symptom severity and the melancholia symptom subscale; however, only DSM-III melancholics scored higher on the nonmelancholia symptom subscale. The DSM-III-R criteria were associated with more of the predicted correlates of endogenous subtyping. According to both definitions, melancholics were characterized by less stress, greater symptom severity, and less frequent nonserious suicide attempts prior to admission. The DSM-III-R melancholic subtyping was additionally associated with a family history of antisocial personality and substance abuse, presence of a premorbid personality disorder, age, and a tendency to blame others for the depression.
Co‐culture of mesenchymal‐like stromal cells derived from human foreskin permits long term propagation and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells

Among the different parameters governing the successful derivation and expansion of human embryonic stem cells (hESC), feeder layers play the most important role. Human feeders in form of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) lay the foundation for eradication of animal‐derived hESC culture system. In this study we explored the potential of human foreskin derived mesenchymal like stromal cells (HF‐MSCs) to support self renewal and pluripotency of hESC. The MSCs isolated from human foreskin were found to be resistant to standard concentrations and duration of mitomycin‐C treatment. Growth pattern, gene profiling (Oct‐4, Nanog, Sox‐2, Rex‐1), cytoskeletal protein expression (vimentin, nestin) and tri‐lineage differentiation potential into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes confirmed their mesenchymal stromal cell status. Further, the HF‐MSCs were positive for CD105, CD166, CD73, CD44, CD90, SSEA‐4, and negative for CD34, CD45, HLA‐DR cell‐surface markers and were found to exhibit BM‐MSC‐like characteristics. hESC lines co‐cultured with HF‐MSC feeders showed expression of expected pluripotent transcription factors Oct‐4, Nanog, Sox‐2, GDF‐3, Rex‐1, STELLAR, ABCG2, Dppa5, hTERT; surface markers SSEA‐4, TRA‐1‐81 and maintained their cytogenetic stability during long term passaging. These novel feeders also improved the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) from hESC which produced cell types representing three germ layers. This culture system has the potential to aid the development of clinical‐grade hESCs for regenerative medicine and drug screening. Further, we envisage foreskin can serve as a valuable source of alternative MSCs for specific therapeutic applications. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1353–1363, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New and Revised Results for 'Building Reputation for Contract Renewal: Implications for Performance Dynamics and Contract Duration'

In this paper we present some new results for the dynamic agent model by Iossa and Rey (2014, "Building Reputation for Contract Renewal: Implications for Performance Dynamics and Contract Duration,'' Journal of the European Economic Association, 12, 549−574) while also correcting some errors in that article. Iossa and Rey study the performance of an agent who repeatedly receives multi-period contracts and determine the optimal duration of such contracts in the context of an infinitely repeated multi-period agent model. We amend the characterization of the unique Markov perfect equilibrium for this model. In addition, we review the original welfare analysis of the model and either provide corrected proofs when possible or provide counterexamples. Our counterexamples overturn the main comparative statics results of the original analysis. We demonstrate that both the agent's optimal investment decision and the optimal contract duration depend non-monotonically on the information persistence and the agent's discount factor. In the final part of the analysis, we establish new results on the agent's optimal investment decision.
GEMSEC: Graph Embedding with Self Clustering

Modern graph embedding procedures can efficiently process graphs with millions of nodes. In this paper, we propose GEMSEC - a graph embedding algorithm which learns a clustering of the nodes simultaneously with computing their embedding. GEMSEC is a general extension of earlier work in the domain of sequence-based graph embedding. GEMSEC places nodes in an abstract feature space where the vertex features minimize the negative log-likelihood of preserving sampled vertex neighborhoods, and it incorporates known social network properties through a machine learning regularization. We present two new social network datasets and show that by simultaneously considering the embedding and clustering problems with respect to social properties, GEMSEC extracts high-quality clusters competitive with or superior to other community detection algorithms. In experiments, the method is found to be computationally efficient and robust to the choice of hyperparameters.
The impact of computer anxiety and self-efficacy upon performance

The relationship between computer anxiety and computer performance is examined using a self-efficacy framework. A novel database searching task was demonstrated to 50 participants using two procedures (namely, accessing the data tables directly and constructing look-up tables). Levels of computer anxiety, prior experience and perceptions of self-efficacy were recorded. The results indicate that computer anxiety directly influences the number of correct responses obtained whilst self-efficacy determines how the task is attempted. Less anxious subjects obtained more correct responses and subjects with higher perceptions of self-efficacy used more look-up tables. The results indicate that self-efficacy theory can account for around half the variance in computer performance and that how a task is attempted should be assessed in addition to accuracy and speed of performance.
Association of matrix metalloproteinase-9 promoter gene polymorphism with chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are related to tissue destruction and remodeling events in periodontal diseases. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of human MMP-9 gene is associated with the risk of some inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between MMP-9 promoter polymorphism and severe generalized chronic periodontitis in a Turkish population. METHODS Samples of venous blood and DNA were obtained from 70 severe generalized chronic periodontitis patients and 70 healthy subjects. The alleles of the C/T polymorphism at position -1562 in the promoter region of the MMP-9 gene were distinguished by cutting with the SphI restriction enzyme. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated, and data were analyzed by the chi2 test. RESULTS There was a significant difference in MMP-9 genotypes between chronic periodontitis patients and healthy controls. The odds ratios for the CT genotype and the combination of CT and TT genotypes were 0.4 (95% confidence interval, 0.17 to 0.93; P=0.02) and 0.37 (95% confidence interval, 016 to 0.85; P=0.01) relative to the subjects with the CC genotype, respectively. CONCLUSION MMP-9 promoter gene polymorphism seems to be associated with severe generalized chronic periodontitis.
Emotional labour at work and at home among Greek health-care home professionals.

PURPOSE The emotionally taxing nature of health-care work has been increasingly recognized. In parallel, the field of work and family has been searching for more specific antecedents of both work interference with family (WFI) and family interference with work (FWI). The current study aims to examine the relationship between surface acting and hiding negative emotions with WFI and FWI among Greek health-care professionals. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The research is a cross-sectional study of 180 Greek doctors and 84 nurses using self-report measures. FINDINGS Results indicated that, for doctors, surface acting at work was positively related to WFI and, for nurses, surface acting at home was positively related to FWI. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS The respondents were sampled on a convenience basis and the non-random procedure may have introduced unmeasured selection effects. The present study is cross-sectional and thus the postulated relationships cannot be interpreted causally. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Emotional management training and opportunities for emotional decompression for Greek health-care professionals should be explored. In terms of medical education, the need to train students to understand and cope with emotional demands is an important first step. This research highlights the need for communication-skills training courses facilitating emotional awareness and emotional management. ORIGINALITY/VALUE These findings position emotional labour as an important antecedent of both WFI and FWI.
Early and late assessment of the surgical treatment of the pharyngoesophageal diverticulum by mechanical and manual suture

Rationale: The occurrence of the pharyngoesophageal, or Zenker diverticulum is not frequent in the national scenario, and the technique of the diverticulectomy with cricomyotomy in medium and great dimension diverticula is still the most indicated. Because the resection of the diverticulum requires the suture of the pharynx, dehiscence can occur, thereafter delaying swallowing. Hence, the idea to accomplish this surgical procedure, to compare the manual and mechanical suture in order to evaluate the actual benefit of the mechanical technique. Objectives: The objective of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the results of the pharyngoesophageal diverticulectomy with cricomyotomy using manual and mechanical suture in a series of patients with regard to local and systemic complications. Method: 57 patients with pharyngoesophageal diverticula diagnosed through high digestive endoscopy and pharyngeal esophagram were studied. The applied surgical technique was diverticulectomy with myotomy of the cricopharyngeal muscle, done in 24 patients (42.2%) the mechanical suture (Group A) with the mechanical linear suture device and in 33 (57.8%) a manual closure of the pharynx (Group B). Results: In the postoperative period, one patient of Group A (4.1%) presented fistula caused by dehiscence of the pharyngeal suture, and three of Group B (15.1%) presented the same complication, with a good outcome using a conservative treatment. In the same group, 3 patients (9.0%) presented stenosis of the suture of the pharynx, with good outcome and with endoscopic dilatations, and no patient from Group A presented such complication. Lung infection was present in five patients, being two (8.3%) of Group A and three (9.0%) of Group B, having good outcomes after specific treatment. In the late review, done with 18 patients (75.0%) of Group A and 25 (75.7%) of Group B, the patients declared to be pleased with the surgical procedure, because they were able to regain normal swallowing. Conclusion: The diverticulectomy with myotomy and pharyngeal closure using mechanical suture was proven appropriate, for having restored regular swallowing in most of the patients, and the mechanical closure of the pharynx proved to be more effective in comparison to the manual suture, because it provided a lower index of local post-surgical complications. Correspondence to: José Luis Braga de Aquino, Department of Surgery, Medical School of Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas and Chief of Thoracic Surgery Department of HMCP-FM-PUC, Brazil
Social Ecological Factors Influencing Cancer-Related Preventive Health Behaviors in African American Men

ii Dedication . iv Acknowledgements . v Vita.vii Table of Content.viii List of Tables.xi List of Figures.xii Chapter 1: Introduction and Statement of the Problem.1 African American Men: An Epidemiological Picture.1 The Purpose, Scope, and Significance of this Study.9 Social Ecological Theoretical Framework.11 Research Questions.12 Definition of Terms.12 Chapter 2: Literature and Theory Review.14 The Science and Practice of Cancer Prevention.14
Concentrations of doxorubicin and its metabolites in human autopsy heart and other tissues.

PURPOSE Since doxorubicin causes cardiotoxicity, we wished to assess relative concentrations of doxorubicin and its metabolites in cardiac tissues of patients who had been treated antemortem. We also wished to determine factors that correlate with human cardiac doxorubicin and doxorubicinol concentrations. PATIENTS AND METHODS Autopsy tissues were collected from 35 patients who had received doxorubicin at any time antemortem, and were assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS The major species found in human autopsy cardiac tissues were doxorubicinol (median concentration 92 ng/g, range 0 to 484 ng/g), and doxorubicin (median 58 ng/g, range 0-1665 ng/g). Other doxorubicin metabolites were detected in cardiac tissues in < half the patients. Of ten organs studied, heart ranked fifth with respect to median doxorubicin concentration and ranked fourth with respect to median doxorubicinol concentration. By multiple stepwise regression analysis, factors most closely associated with cardiac doxorubicin concentrations were time from last treatment divided by dose intensity, serum total protein, albumin, and hemoglobin (negative correlations). Factors most closely associated with cardiac doxorubicinol concentrations were cumulative doxorubicin dose, total protein, hemoglobin, and uric acid (positive associations), and respiratory rate (negative association). The physiologic significance of these associations (if any) is uncertain. By paired t-tests, cardiac doxorubicin and doxorubicinol concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than concentrations in skeletal muscle and smooth muscle organs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results suggest that the much greater tendency to develop doxorubicin toxicity in heart than in other types of muscle may be due to a propensity of cardiac muscle to accumulate doxorubicin. The results also suggest that doxorubicinol may play a role in doxorubicin cardiac toxicity, and that doxorubicin may be gradually converted to doxorubicinol in human tissues.
Migration and Mental Health: An Empirical Test of Depression Risk Factors among Immigrant Mexican Women 1

Empirical research in the field of migration and mental health is rare and its recent appearance follows decades of inconsistent reports in the research literature about the risks posed by numerous precipitating and predisposing factors. This article has two goals: to summarize critically selected issues and methodological problems regarding mental health implications of migration-adaptation, and, to test empirically hypotheses derived from the Fabrega Migration Adaptation Model to determine whether they have predictive value for depressive symptomatology in a cross sectional sample of immigrant Mexican women in San Diego County. Findings from bivariate analyses indicate most Model factors were significantly related to depressive symptoms. Multivariate analyses identified demographic factors (education-income), perceived economic opportunity, perceived distance between the two centers involved in the migration, and loss of interpersonal ties in Mexico as the most parsimonious subset of depression predictors within the Model. Implications are discussed.
Host Cell Cathepsins Potentiate Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Infection

ABSTRACT The roles of cellular proteases in Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) infection were investigated using MLV particles pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G glycoprotein as a control for effects on core MLV particles versus effects specific to Moloney MLV envelope protein (Env). The broad-spectrum inhibitors cathepsin inhibitor III and E-64d gave comparable dose-dependent inhibition of Moloney MLV Env and VSV G pseudotypes, suggesting that the decrease did not involve the envelope protein. Whereas, CA-074 Me gave a biphasic response that differentiated between Moloney MLV Env and VSV G at low concentrations, at which the drug is highly selective for cathepsin B, but was similar for both glycoproteins at higher concentrations, at which CA-074 Me inhibits other cathepsins. Moloney MLV infection was lower on cathepsin B knockout fibroblasts than wild-type cells, whereas VSV G infection was not reduced on the B−/− cells. Taken together, these results support the notion that cathepsin B acts at an envelope-dependent step while another cathepsin acts at an envelope-independent step, such as uncoating or viral-DNA synthesis. Virus binding was not affected by CA-074 Me, whereas syncytium induction was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, consistent with cathepsin B involvement in membrane fusion. Western blot analysis revealed specific cathepsin B cleavage of SU in vitro, while TM and CA remained intact. Infection could be enhanced by preincubation of Moloney MLV with cathepsin B, consistent with SU cleavage potentiating infection. These data suggested that during infection of NIH 3T3 cells, endocytosis brings Moloney MLV to early lysosomes, where the virus encounters cellular proteases, including cathepsin B, that cleave SU.