Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The knowns and unknowns of chimpanzee culture

Claims of culture in chimpanzees have appeared soon after the launch of the first field studies in Africa.1 The notion of chimpanzee ‘material cultures’ was coined,2 and this was followed by a first formal comparison, which revealed an astonishing degree of behavioral diversity between the different study communities, mainly in terms of tool use.3 Although this behavioral diversity is still undisputed, the question of chimpanzee cultures has remained controversial.4-6 The debate has less to do with the definition of culture (most animal behavior researchers accept the notion for behaviour that is ‘transmitted repeatedly through social or observational learning to become a population-level characteristic’3), but more with whether some key criteria are met.
Coupon Redemption Behaviors Among Korean Consumers: Effects of Distribution Method, Face Value, and Benefits on Coupon Redemption Rates in Service Sector

Although couponing has been one of the most important promotional vehicles in the US, the history of couponing in Korea has been less than a decade. This study empirically examines coupon redemption behaviors among Koreans consumers. Specifically, the impacts of face value, coupon benefits and method of distribution on coupon redemption rate are investigated.
Vibriophages Differentially Influence Biofilm Formation by Vibrio anguillarum Strains

ABSTRACT Vibrio anguillarum is an important pathogen in marine aquaculture, responsible for vibriosis. Bacteriophages can potentially be used to control bacterial pathogens; however, successful application of phages requires a detailed understanding of phage-host interactions under both free-living and surface-associated growth conditions. In this study, we explored in vitro phage-host interactions in two different strains of V. anguillarum (BA35 and PF430-3) during growth in microcolonies, biofilms, and free-living cells. Two vibriophages, ΦH20 (Siphoviridae) and KVP40 (Myoviridae), had completely different effects on the biofilm development. Addition of phage ΦH20 to strain BA35 showed efficient control of biofilm formation and density of free-living cells. The interactions between BA35 and ΦH20 were thus characterized by a strong phage control of the phage-sensitive population and subsequent selection for phage-resistant mutants. Addition of phage KVP40 to strain PF430-3 resulted in increased biofilm development, especially during the early stage. Subsequent experiments in liquid cultures showed that addition of phage KVP40 stimulated the aggregation of host cells, which protected the cells against phage infection. By the formation of biofilms, strain PF430-3 created spatial refuges that protected the host from phage infection and allowed coexistence between phage-sensitive cells and lytic phage KVP40. Together, the results demonstrate highly variable phage protection mechanisms in two closely related V. anguillarum strains, thus emphasizing the challenges of using phages to control vibriosis in aquaculture and adding to the complex roles of phages as drivers of prokaryotic diversity and population dynamics.
An analysis of disclosures in corporate environmental reports

he majority of the research into environmental disclosures has focused on the annual report but this may lead to an incomplete picture of corporate disclosure practices being obtained because of the growing tendency for large companies to publish stand-alone reports. Studies of environmental reporting have noted that the rate of publishing such reports has increased world-wide, and it is estimated that around 1,500 stand-alone reports, including both web and hard copy, are produced annually (Erusalimsky et. al., 2006, p.12). This paper’s primary motivation is taken from O’Donovan’s suggestion that the increased production of stand-alone environmental reports may offer evidence of `a transformation in corporate thinking and action’ (O’Donovan, 2002, p.364).
[Assessment of the dietary habits of short girls and boys].

BACKGROUND The problem of body height deficiency, being the effect of undernutrition of children in developing countries, is widely described in the literature, whereas very little attention is devoted to the estimation of the nourishment of children and adolescents with a simple body height deficiency in developed countries. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the study was to estimate the nourishment of short-height girls and boys, with special regard to the realisation of the norms of daily demand for basic nutrients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The investigation included 60 subjects in two age groups: 10.5 and 13.5 years old. The body height of the investigated children was below 10 centile in relation to the development norms for a given age and gender. Estimations of nourishment were made with the use of an interview about the consumption in the last 24 hours. RESULTS In 22% of the investigated, energy intake was found to be lower than 75% of the daily demand. The percentage of the realisation of the norm for mineral components amounted on average to: 38.6-56.7% for calcium; 49.2-77.4% for iron; 50.1-93.2% and 45.9-72.2% for zinc and copper, respectively. Hypovitaminosis was relatively much less marked in comparison with the deficiency of mineral components. A lower consumption of animal protein and vitamin C was noted among adolescents from rural areas. CONCLUSION Among short girls and boys a frequent occurrence of deficiency of energy and mineral components (calcium, zinc, copper and iron) was found. The irregularly balanced diet could be the cause of a smaller body height in relation to peers among a considerable percentage of the investigated adolescents.
An improved stability criterion for singular systems with time-varying delay via a relaxed integral inequality

This paper concerns the stability problem of singular systems with time-varying delay. According to different delay-partition intervals, an augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional with delay cross terms is constructed. Based on it, using the relaxed integral inequality technique is to obtain a less conservative stability criterion. As a result, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Does Knowledge Management Deliver the Goods in SMEs

The purpose of this paper is to review research on knowledge management‘s benefits within small and medium-sized firms. The paper attempts to answer the following research questions: 1) Which studies have been conducted that focus on the benefits of KM within SMEs? 2) What were the main findings of the studies? 3) In what manner does KM improve innovation, quality, productivity, and competitive standing? 4) Where were these studies conducted? and 5) Which methods were used. We propose an approach comprising a literature review in order to understand knowledge benefits for SMEs. The findings show that the benefits of knowledge management in small and medium-sized firms represent a poorly understood area of research. The reviewed studies highlight the benefits of knowledge management in the areas of employee development, innovation, customer satisfaction and organisational success. Further research is needed in this area.
Latent consumers’ attitude to farmers’ markets in North West England

The purpose of the research was to extend on previous research by studying latent consumers’ attitude to farmers’ markets. Findings will be used to improve the marketing and publicity of farmers’ markets in order to attract other consumers groups. The people surveyed were not always aware of the term farmers’ market. Some think it is a place where farmers go to buy what they need. Around 94 per cent of people who have already been to a farmers’ market will return because they enjoy the food which is fresh, different, local, etc. and to support farmers. Latent consumers think that farmers’ markets sell fresh, quality, locally produced, tastier, healthier and seasonal food. However they do not expect the food to be cheaper. The most important criteria are quality, freshness and the fact that food is produced locally. Latent consumers would enjoy supporting local producers, information about the products and how to prepare them.
Crohn's Disease: A Psychosomatic Illness?

Summary We investigated the psychological status of Crohn's disease patients because 10 such patients had been referred to our psychiatric out-patient department over a period of six years, whereas if there were no association between the disease and psychiatric morbidity, the expected referral rate would be one case in 20 to 100 years. We found an association between episodes of psychiatric and physical symptoms in the case histories. We administered the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Manifest Anxiety Scale to 28 out-patients with Crohn's disease (8 psychiatrically and 20 non-psychiatrically referred), 17 with chronic non-psychosomatic medical diseases, 43 with psychosomatic diseases and 100 with neurosis. Crohn's disease patients were significantly more anxious, neurotic and introverted than both the test norms and the non-psychosomatic medical out-patients and did not differ appreciably from the psychosomatic patients in these respects.
Why Some New Products are More Successful than Others

Product innovation is increasingly valued as a key component of the sustainable success of a business's operations. As a result, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of studies directed at explicating the drivers of new product success. To help managers and researchers synthesize this growing body of evidence, the authors conduct a meta-analysis of the new product performance literature. Of the 24 predictors of new product performance investigated, product advantage, market potential, meeting customer needs, predevelopment task proficiencies, and dedicated resources, on average, have the most significant impact on new product performance. The authors also find that the predictor–performance relationships can vary by measurement factor (e.g., the use of multi-item scales, subjective versus objective measures of performance, senior versus project management reporting, time elapsed since product introduction) or contextual factor (e.g., services versus goods, Asian versus North American markets, competition in high-technology versus low-technology markets). They discuss the implications of these findings and offer directions for further research.
Students Teaching Students: A Method for Collaborative Learning

The Student Small Group Presentation (SSGP) model, a student-centered approach, is introduced and applied to learning communities. Similar to the jigsaw classroom, small groups of students in learning communities are responsible for teaching material to their peers. Unlike other jigsaw techniques, presentation groups in the SSGP teach an entire lesson based on collaborative work conducted outside of class. Presenters are responsible for thorough analysis of course material as they lead a discussion among a small group of peers. Students meet with the same small group throughout the semester, creating a feeling of intimate community within the larger learning community. By challenging students to become well versed on a section of course material, SSGPs promote student confidence, enhance critical thinking skills, and provide the opportunity to work as a member of a team. Jean Halley is an Associate Professor of Sociology at College of Staten Island, CUNY, in Staten Island, NY. Her most recent book is The Parallel Lives of Women and Cows: Meat Markets (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012). Amy Eshleman is a Professor of Psychology at Wagner College in Staten Island, NY.
Applying Relative Solvency to Working Capital Management - The Break-Even Approach

This paper looks at working capital management from the perspective of net-investment, having observed that present approaches do not take the question of operational size and relative liquidity of the firm into account when dealing with the issue of working capital adequacy. To aid analysis, the research studied financial reports of 25 selected listed companies together with opinion surveys on (existing) practical applications on working capital management in some of them. The results from data analysis were validated using a students 't' distribution test. The findings revealed that firms that considered relative liquidity performs better and have better growth prospect than others, while the study recommends the use of relative liquidity (relative solvency) for a more accurate estimation of working capital adequacy by organizations.
The size distribution of California's north coast wineries: 1984‐2009

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to examine the structure of California's north coast wine industry from 1984 to 2009, to determine if there are significant changes in the size distribution of wineries.Design/methodology/approach – Chi‐squared tests in conjunction with the Hoelter index are used to determine whether the changes in the market share for various size classes are significant.Findings – The authors find a statistically significant trend in terms of smaller wineries becoming an increasing percentage of the total number of wineries and of market share.Originality/value – Unlike most other industries, small wineries are able to meet the changing market and technological conditions of the industry. These results augur well for the growing area of wine tourism which is highly dependent on boutique wineries. The results are also encouraging to new start up wineries considering entering the industry.
The "Big Four" and "Sai"- A Case Study on the Management of Financial Audit Independence

The process of financial auditing and the auditors themselves must be independent and perceived as such. We analysed a sample of the companies that received financial auditing by the Big Four auditing firms in Romania and that parallel a sample of Romanian Court of Accounts audited companies. The conclusion suggests a difference in the audit opinion of these two groups, which might be the result of direct payment for contracted services or of the lack of such a connection. The lack of any moneyed connection between the auditor and the audited would improve financial audit independence.
A genetic analogue of ‘mark–recapture’ methods for estimating population size: an approach based on molecular parentage assessments

Molecular polymorphisms have been used in a variety of ways to estimate both effective and local census population sizes in nature. A related approach for estimating the current size of a breeding population, explored here for the first time, is the use of genetic ‘marks’ reconstructed for otherwise unknown parents in paternity or maternity analyses of progeny arrays. This method provides interesting similarities and contrasts to traditional mark–recapture methods based on physical tags. To illustrate, this genetic method is applied to a population of painted turtles on the Mississippi River to estimate the number of successfully breeding males. Non‐genetic mark–recapture approaches were also applied to animals trapped at this location. Results demonstrate that such genetic data on parentage can be helpful not only in estimating contemporary population sizes, but also in providing additional information, not present in customary mark–recapture data, about possible extended movements of breeding individuals and the size of the pool of mates which they encounter.
Empirical Identification of Success-Enhancing Web Site Signalsin E-Tailing: An Analysis Base d on Known E-Tailers and the Theory of Reasoned Action

Great potential remains unused in e-tailing because of consumers' general lack of trust in e-tailers. This study is focused on the comprehensive identification of trust-enhancing, and therefore success-enhancing, Web site signals. The main research goal is a comparison of their efficiency regarding the building of a trust-based intention to transact—identifying the managerial tactics with which to convert Web site visitors into buyers. By adopting a signal typology and analyzing a structural equation model with partial least squares, followed by an importance-performance analysis, particular signals, which already require investments at an early point in the business activity, are revealed to have a potential to establish a competitive advantage in e-tailing.
The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: The bJ-band galaxy luminosity function and survey selection function

We use more than 110 500 galaxies from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) to estimate the bJ-band galaxy luminosity function at redshift z = 0, taking account of evolution, the distri- bution of magnitude measurement errors and small corrections for incompleteness in the galaxy catalogue. Throughout the interval −16.5 > MbJ − 5 log10 h > −22, the luminosity function is accurately described by a Schechter function with MJ − 5 log10 h =− 19.66 ± 0.07, α = −1.21 ± 0.03 and � � = (1.61 ± 0.08) × 10 −2 h 3 Mpc −3 , giving an integrated luminosity den- sity of ρL = (1.82 ± 0.17) × 10 8 h LMpc −3 (assuming an � 0 = 0.3, 0 = 0.7 cosmology). The quoted errors have contributions from the accuracy of the photometric zero-point, from large-scale structure in the galaxy distribution and, importantly, from the uncertainty in the ap- propriate evolutionary corrections. Our luminosity function is in excellent agreement with, but has much smaller statistical errors than, an estimate from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data when the SDSS data are accurately translated to the bJ band and the luminosity functions are normalized in the same way. We use the luminosity function, along with maps describing the redshift completeness of the current 2dFGRS catalogue, and its weak dependence on ap- parent magnitude, to define a complete description of the 2dFGRS selection function. Details and tests of the calibration of the 2dFGRS photometric parent catalogue are also presented.
Coulter counter identifies Cryptococcus neoformans as leukocytes. A case of pseudopleocytosis.

Cerebrospinal fluid from a 42-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome was processed in a Coulter S-plus counter and found to contain "4.8 x 10(9) leukocytes/L:56.1% granulocytes and 37.7% lymphocytes. " Direct examination of the same specimen in a counting chamber revealed that the leukocytes were cells of Cryptococcus neoformans. Coulter analysis of cerebrospinal fluid may be inappropriate, particularly when yeast infection is a probable diagnosis.
Fires from the Interaction of Anesthetics with Desiccated Absorbent

Rarely, fire and patient injury have resulted from the degradation of sevoflurane by desiccated carbon dioxide absorbent. Desiccated absorbent also can degrade desflurane and isoflurane, and in the present investigation we sought to determine whether a danger of fire also arose with their use in the presence of desiccated absorbent. Baralyme® was desiccated by heating and directing a 10 L/min flow of oxygen through the absorbent. Approximately 1200 g of this desiccated absorbent was used to fill a standard absorber placed in a standard anesthetic circuit to which we directed a 6 L/min flow of oxygen containing 1.5 or 3.0 MAC desflurane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane. A 3-L reservoir bag served as a surrogate lung, and we ventilated this lung with a minute ventilation of 10 L/min. With desflurane or isoflurane, at both 1.5 MAC and 3.0 MAC, temperatures increased in 30 to 70 min to a peak of approximately 100°C and then decreased. With 1.5 MAC sevoflurane (3.0 MAC was not studied), temperatures increased to over 200°C, and in 2 of 5 studies, flames appeared in the anesthetic circuit. In a separate study, we found that concurrent delivery of carbon dioxide and desflurane did not increase peak temperatures. We conclude that the interaction of desflurane or isoflurane with desiccated absorbent is not likely to produce the conflagrations possible with sevoflurane.
A Dynamic-RMS modeling method for distributed generation

The analysis of distributed generation systems is a very important part of the overall development of future power systems. However, when researchers analyze full scale dynamic behavior of a synchronous generator connected to a distributed generation system, they face many complex tasks such as huge computational time. This paper presents a new modeling approach for distributed generation using Root-Mean-Square (RMS) based methods for the electrical part in combination with differential equations to describe the dynamic behavior of the mechanical part of the power system. The proposed method improves the simulation of distributed generation including network transmission lines, transformers and losses. The simulation results demonstrate the proposed method has superior advantages in comparison to full scale dynamic method since it is accurate, faster and needs less computational resources.
ADOPTION OF MOBILE PAYMENT SYSTEMS: A STUDY ON MOBILE WALLETS

This study aims to understand the factors contributing to consumer attitude development towards and intention to use mobile payment systems. One of major mobile network operators’ mobile wallet application in Turkey was used as a proxy of the mobile payment systems. Survey methodology is used to collect data from subscribers by stratified random sampling among two distinct groups (users and nonusers). A total of 1395 questionnaires were collected from subscribers and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings highlight the importance of ease of use and usefulness in attitude development. On the other hand, security concerns were found to have low level of effects on attitudes and use intentions. Effect of social influence was found to be insignificant among the users. There were differences between users’ and non-users’ perceptions and beliefs indicated by significant differences in the majority of the constructs employed in the study.
Patel glioblastoma Single-cell RNA-seq highlights intratumoral heterogeneity in primary

, 1396 (2014); 344 Science et al. Anoop P. Patel glioblastoma Single-cell RNA-seq highlights intratumoral heterogeneity in primary This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. clicking here. colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here. following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ): June 24, 2014 www.sciencemag. org (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag. org/content/344/6190/1396.full. html version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/content/suppl/2014/06/11/science.1254257. DC1.html can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://www.sciencemag. org/content/344/6190/1396.full. html#related found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag. org/content/344/6190/1396.full. html#ref-list-1 , 12 of which can be accessed free: cites 47 articles This article http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/medicine Medicine, Diseases subject collections: This article appears in the following