Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphometric relationships of Pogonias cromis (Teleostei, Sciaenidae) in southern Brazil

Length-opercule length and length-weight relationship were estimated for 499 and 156 Pogonias cromis , respectively, in southern Brazil. No significant differences between males and females, thus data were grouped, and the equations were OL= 0.1717L 0.9662 and W= 0.0231L 2.8476 .
Survey of pulse shortening in high-power microwave sources

Observations show that the ubiquitous pulse shortening in high-power microwave (HPM) devices arises from the formation of plasma, electron streaming, high-E-field breakdown, and beam disruption. We review recent experiments in terms of these causes. Linear beam devices exhibit all of these mechanisms; in particular, beam disruption by E/spl times/B drifts in the strong microwave fields and diffusion in turbulent electric fields appear common. In relativistic magnetrons, the dominant effect is resonance destruction by cathode plasma motion, possibly from water contamination of the surface. Wall plasma effects shorten pulses in most sources. We call for the introduction of improved surface conditioning, cathodes which do not produce plasmas, and increased effort on the measurements of the high-field and plasma properties of HPM sources. Because of the broad nature of the phenomena in pulse shortening, we appeal for increased participation of the plasma, intense particle beam, and traditional microwave tube communities in pulse-shortening research.
Phosphorus retention performance in vegetated and non-vegetated bioretention mesocosms using recycled effluent

Phosphate removal from stormwater and wastewater is essential to prevent eutrophication of waterways. The aim of our study was to evaluate phosphorus retention in vegetated and non-vegetated (barren) bioretention mesocosms. Existing well-established bioretention mesocosms with sandy loam, loamy sand and gravel media were irrigated with 60.9 g-m-2 (609 kg-ha-1) TP from recycled effluent between August 2006 and March 2007. Initially, P retention in the barren loam and sand media approached 100%, while gravel retention was only 20%. However, after application of this load, retention by all barren media had declined substantially. In contrast, retention by vegetated treatments remained very high, with 92% of the total mass load retained in the vegetated loam, 84% in the sand, and 55% in the vegetated gravel. These results indicate that the vegetated treatments provide far more TP retention than the barren treatments. Over the 31 week period, the difference in retained loads was 15.4 g-m-2 P in the vegetated loam mesocosms, 16.9 g-m-2 P in the vegetated sand mesocosms, and 23.5 g-m-2 P in the vegetated gravel mesocosms. These removal rates substantially exceed typical phosphorus uptake rates for plants, suggesting that other plant-soil-microbe interactions are influencing phosphorus retention in the vegetated mesocosms.
Introducing usability activities into open source software development : impacts of contributed usability evaluations to the community and existence of HCI and OSS philosophies: case Concrete5

Usability is one of the software quality attributes and plays an important role in information systems success, technology acceptance and adoption models. Usability is a product of user interaction design and can be evaluated using usability testing and inspection methods. The usability of open source software (OSS) systems has had a poor reputation. The reasons for poor usability are cultural and software engineers have designed software for their own needs and for tech-savvy users, and thus, usability is not the primary objective. Also, usability experts do not participate much to OSS development. Sometimes they are not welcome or it is difficult to show their merits without contributing code. However, usability of OSS product is getting better as usercentred movement has been closing the gap between users and programmers. The aim of this thesis is to examine the impacts usability evaluations to an open source software community and to find out the existence of core human-computer interaction and open source software philosophies during the project. The research method used in this study is longitudinal interpretive case study and the research material consists of usability evaluation project material, email correspondence with the community and publicly available information provided by the community and its members. The attitudes of the target open source software community towards usability and usability activities were mainly positive. After the first contribution, a project leader asked for more activities and after contributing three sets of activities for different versions of the software, the project leader rated them as beneficial. Furthermore, most of the core human computer interaction (HCI) and OSS philosophies existed. The characteristics of HCI philosophy found during the usability project were that usability specialists were user representatives in informative and consultative roles, knowing the user, speaking for the user in the development and sticking with the user focus. The following characteristics of OSS philosophy were found: the selection of the target community was based on one usability specialist scratching his own itch, the software was seen as a communal resource, collaboration was voluntary, interaction with the community was loose, usability specialists acted as bug reporters and designers gaining merit and reputation through contributing to the community. This thesis contributes to the existing literature of introducing usability activities into open source software development by examining a new case study. Compared to the prior research, a new instantiation of OSS philosophy characteristic, “scratching your own itch” was found.
Implications for chloro- and pheopigment synthesis and preservation from combined compound-specificδ13C, δ15N, and 114C analysis

Chloropigments and their derivative pheopigments preserved in sediments can directly be linked to photosynthesis. Their carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic compositions have been shown to be a good recorder of recent and past surface ocean environmental conditions tracing the carbon and nitrogen sources and dominant assimilation processes of the phytoplanktonic community. In this study we report results from combined compound-specific radiocarbon and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis to examine the time-scales of synthesis and fate of chlorophylla and its degradation products pheophytina, pyropheophytina, and 132,173-cyclopheophorbidea-enol until burial in Black Sea core-top sediments. The pigments are mainly of marine phytoplanktonic origin as implied by their stable isotopic compositions. Pigment δ15N values indicate nitrate as the major uptake substrate but 15N-depletion towards the open marine setting indicates either contribution from N 2-fixation or direct uptake of ammonium from deeper waters. Radiocarbon concentrations translate into minimum and maximum pigment ages of approximately 40 to 1200 years. This implies that protective mechanisms against decomposition such as association with minerals, storage in deltaic anoxic environments, or eutrophication-induced hypoxia and light limitation are much more efficient than previously thought. Correspondence to: S. Kusch (stephanie.kusch@awi.de) Moreover, seasonal variations of nutrient source, growth period, and habitat and their associated isotopic variability are likely at least as strong as long-term trends. Combined triple isotope analysis of sedimentary chlorophyll and its primary derivatives is a powerful tool to delineate biogeochemical and diagenetic processes in the surface water and sediments, and to assess their precise time-scales.
A discriminant analysis appraoch to classifying adopters and non-adopters of internet-banking services

Several technology acceptance theories have been proposed and used to study the adoption of IB services world over. However, TAM has gained wide popularity compared to other behavioral theories. This study uses some constructs from TAM and IDT to investigate the factors that distinguish between IBA in Gaborone. Multivariate techniques such as factor and discriminant analyses were used in this study. The results indicate that, trust, awareness and compatibility proved to have more discriminatory power in IB. The groups tend not to differ much in relation to PEOU and PU. However, IB awareness can be improved in order to increase IB usage in Botswana. The authorities are also urged to entice customers into using internet in order to help improve their PEOU and PU. Training on the use of this service can be provided to the 62.7% or more who have shown interest in using IB in the future. Authors would like to suggest an exploratory study using structural equation modeling as a technique. This can reveal more insights into the data. However, if this is to be done, the sample size needs to be increased. Sample size is one of the weaknesses of this study hence we cannot generalize the findings to the whole of Botswana.
Hatching Asynchrony Occurs As A Byproduct Of Maintaining Egg Viability

Hatching failure occurs in approximately 10% of all avian eggs. This reduction in viable offspring can have significant fitness consequences for breeding parents. Therefore, it is important to understand what factors influence hatching failure in natural populations. We analyzed differences in the rate of hatching failure between a suburban and wildland population of Florida Scrub-Jays using reproductive data collected from 1993-2007. We found that hatching failure was higher in the suburbs than in the wildlands. From 2003-2007, we performed two alternative experiments to examine whether increased hatching failure in the suburbs resulted from 1) increased length of off-bouts during incubation (predation risk hypothesis, 2003-2004) or 2) increased exposure to ambient temperature during laying (egg viability hypothesis, 20052007). Although suburban jays appeared to alter nest attentiveness strategies with increased perception of predation risk, nest attentiveness during the incubation period did not explain sitespecific differences in hatching failure. Alternatively, hatching failure increased with increasing exposure of eggs to ambient conditions prior to incubation. First-laid eggs in the suburbs had the greatest pre-incubation exposure and the greatest rate of hatching failure, consistent with the egg viability hypothesis. Urbanization influences hatching failure through a series of complex interactions. Access to predictable food sources advances mean laying date in suburban jays, 1 This chapter will be submitted as a co-authored manuscript. I will be the primary author and I will include the following co-authors, respectively; Sonya C. LeClair, Glen E. Woolfenden, and Reed Bowman
Galactic-scale Feedback Observed in the 3C 298 Quasar Host Galaxy

We present high angular resolution multiwavelength data of the 3C 298 radio-loud quasar host galaxy (z = 1.439) taken using the W.M. Keck Observatory OSIRIS integral field spectrograph (IFS) with adaptive optics, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3, and the Very Large Array (VLA). Extended emission is detected in the rest-frame optical nebular emission lines Hβ, [O iii], Hα, [N ii], and [S ii], as well as in the molecular lines CO (J = 3−2) and (J = 5−4). Along the path of the relativistic jets of 3C 298, we detect conical outflows in ionized gas emission with velocities of up to 1700 and an outflow rate of 450–1500 extended over 12 kpc. Near the spatial center of the conical outflow, CO (J = 3−2) emission shows a molecular gas disk with a rotational velocity of ±150 and total molecular mass ( ) of . On the blueshifted side of the molecular disk, we observe broad extended emission that is due to a molecular outflow with a rate of 2300 and depletion timescale of 3 Myr. We detect no narrow Hα emission in the outflow regions, suggesting a limit on star formation of 0.3 . Quasar-driven winds are evacuating the molecular gas reservoir, thereby directly impacting star formation in the host galaxy. The observed mass of the supermassive black hole is , and we determine a dynamical bulge mass of . The bulge mass of 3C 298 lies 2–2.5 orders of magnitude below the expected value from the local galactic bulge—supermassive black hole mass ( ) relationship. A second galactic disk observed in nebular emission is offset from the quasar by 9 kpc, suggesting that the system is an intermediate-stage merger. These results show that galactic-scale negative feedback is occurring early in the merger phase of 3C 298, well before the coalescence of the galactic nuclei and assembly on the local relationship.
Indirect seismic economic loss assessment and recovery evaluation using nighttime light images – application for Wenchuan earthquake

Abstract. Indirect seismic economic loss not only impacts regional economic recovery policies but is also related to economic assistance at the national level. Due to cross-regional economic activities and the difficulty of obtaining data, it is difficult for the indirect economic loss survey to cover all economic activities. However, nighttime light in an area can reflect the economic activity of the region. This article focuses on the indirect economic losses caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and evaluation of the progress of restoration and reconstruction based on nighttime light images. First, the functional relationship between GDP and nighttime light parameters is established based on pre-earthquake data. Next, the indirect loss of the earthquake is evaluated by the nighttime light attenuation in the disaster area after the earthquake. Then, the capacity recovery, which is characterized by the brightness recovery process of the light area, is evaluated. Lastly, the process of light expansion in the disaster area is analyzed to evaluate the speed and efficiency of economic expansion.
The age structure of stellar populations in the solar vicinity Clues of a two-phase formation history of the Milky Way disk

We analyze a sample of solar neighborhood stars that have high-quality abundance determinations and show that there are two distinct regimes of [α/Fe] versus age, which we identify as the epochs of the thick and thin disk formation. A tight correlation between metallicity and [α/Fe] versus age is clearly identifiable for thick disk stars, implying that this population formed from a well mixed interstellar medium, probably initially in starburst and then more quiescently, over a time scale of 4−5 Gyr. Thick disk stars have vertical velocity dispersions which correlate with age, with the youngest objects of this population having small scale heights similar to those of thin disk stars. A natural consequence of these two results is that a vertical metallicity gradient is expected in this population. We suggest that the youngest thick disk set the initial conditions from which the inner thin disk started to form about 8 Gyr ago, at [Fe/H] in the range of (−0.1, +0.1) dex and [α/Fe] ∼ 0.1 dex. This also provides an explanation for the apparent coincidence between the existence of a step in metallicity at 7−10 kpc in the thin disk and the confinement of the thick disk within R < 10 kpc. We suggest that the outer thin disk developed outside the influence of the thick disk, giving rise to a separate structure, but also that the high alphaenrichment of those regions may originate from a primordial pollution of the outer regions by the gas expelled from the forming thick disk. Metal-poor thin disk stars ([Fe/H] < −0.4 dex) in the solar vicinity, whose properties are best explained by them originating in the outer disk, are shown to be as old as the youngest thick disk (9−10 Gyr). This implies that the outer thin disk started to form while the thick disk was still forming stars in the inner parts of the Galaxy. Hence, while the overall inner (thick+thin) disk is comprised of two structures with different scale lengths and whose combination may give the impression of an inside-out formation process, the thin disk itself probably formed its first stars in its outskirts. Moreover, we point out that, given the tight age−metallicity and age–[α/Fe] relations that exist in the thick disk, an inside-out process would give rise to a radial gradient in metallicity and α-elements in this population, which is not observed. Finally, we argue that our results leave little room for radial migration (in the sense of churning) either to have contaminated the solar vicinity, or, on a larger scale, to have redistributed stars in significant proportion across the solar annulus.
Searching for Orbits with Minimum Fuel Consumption for Station-Keeping Maneuvers: An Application to Lunisolar Perturbations

The present paper has the goal of developing a new criterion to search for orbits that minimize the fuel consumption for station-keeping maneuvers. This approach is based on the integral over the time of the perturbing forces. This integral measures the total variation of velocity caused by the perturbations in the spacecraft, which corresponds to the equivalent variation of velocity that an engine should deliver to the spacecraft to compensate the perturbations and to keep its orbit Keplerian all the time. This integral is a characteristic of the orbit and the set of perturbations considered and does not depend on the type of engine used. In this sense, this integral can be seen as a criterion to select the orbit of the spacecraft. When this value becomes larger, more consumption of fuel is required for the station keeping, and, in this sense, less interesting is the orbit. This concept can be applied to any perturbation. In the present research, as an example, the perturbation caused by a third body is considered. Then, numerical simulations considering the effects of the Sun and the Moon in a satellite around the Earth are shown to exemplify the method.
Motivation of politicians and long-term policies

We analyze the motivation of politicians in democracies when long-term policies are socially desirable. Politicians receive utility from holding office and from the success of their projects. We refer to the two extreme types of politicians as “populists” and “policy success-seekers”. One result is that inefficiencies in the political process are smaller when a politician is of the populist type. When politicians offer incentive contracts, the problem of inefficient decision-making may be solved. The amount of money necessary to induce the incumbent to undertake the socially optimal project decreases with the degree of populism he displays.
More than Two Decades of Changing Ethnic Attitudes in the Netherlands

This article uses data from three studies to examine changing reactions toward ethnic minority groups in the Netherlands (1979–2002). Using realistic conflict theory, Study 1 focuses on support for discrimination of immigrant groups in general. The findings indicate that this support is more widespread in times of high levels of immigration, when the unemployment level has recently risen strongly, and among cohorts that grew to maturity in times of large immigration waves or high unemployment rates. Studies 2 and 3 focus on changing feelings toward different ethnic out-groups in an ideological context (2001–2004) marked by a shift from multiculturalism toward assimilation. Study 2 showed that the shift toward assimilation negatively affected Dutch participants' feelings toward Islamic outgroups, but not to other minority groups. Study 3 used an experimental design, and the results showed that ethnic attitudes are more negative in an assimilation compared to a multicultural context. It is concluded that the structural and ideological social context is important for understanding people's changing reactions.
Estimation of a Growth Factor to Achieve Scalable ad hoc Networks 1

Introduction : this study focuses on determining the conditions that guarantee scalability in a hierarchical architecture based on the resources available in the different layers of the network. Methods : a model based on the truncated geometric distribution that allows the characterization of the available resources in an ad hoc network was proposed. From this characterization, the concept of growth factor j was introduced as a constant value that represents the appropriate relationship from among the available resources in two successive layers of the network to ensure scalability. The ns-3 software was used to develop simulation scenarios that were explored to develop the estimation process of the growth factor j in the ad hoc networks of two-and three-layer hierarchical architectures. Results : The results showed that the growth of resources among the layers in an ad hoc network can be expressed in a linear model. Moreover, a relation was found between the estimated value of j and the golden ratio as a way to inspire the design of artificial systems based on attributes that can be found in nature.
SNOW AVALANCHE PRESSURE ON OBSTACLES

Impact forces by snow avalanches on obstacles need to be taken into account to design hazard maps of avalanche prone areas. An important question is how the forces depend on the velocity and the thickness of the incoming flow. Existing engineering rules recommend to multiply the incident dynamic pressure of the free flow of the avalanche by a constant drag coefficient in order to obtain the effective pressure on the obstacle. But recent field data have shown a strong variation of the drag coefficient according to the flow parameters. This paper addresses the open question of the relation between the effective pressure developed by an avalanche on a given obstacle as a function of the flow parameters and the obstacle shape. The flow of the snow avalanche is considered as a gravity driven free surface flow and a general formulation of the drag coefficient is proposed. This formulation leads to low drag coefficients for rapid flows and higher drag coefficients for low velocity flows. This formulation was successfully tested on existing data including laboratory experiments and recent results from the Lautaret and la Sionne test sites. The new formulation is implemented in a simple avalanche dynamic model and the consequences on the hazard mapping are succinctly analysed.
The Value of 18 F-FDG PET / CT Mathematical Prediction Model in Diagnosis of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules

1Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China 2Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China 3Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China 4Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 5Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China 6Department of PET/CT, Radiology Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Political participation and dual identification among migrants

This article contributes to understanding how collective identification as well as institutional factors affects migrants' democratic engagement. In particular, it analyses variations in patterns of voting behaviour at local elections among migrants living in two municipalities: Malmö (Sweden) and Ealing (London, UK). Empirically, the article compares the responses of Somalis and Poles (N: 68) with regard to (i) their democratic participation in the society of residence and (ii) their perceived identification with their in-group and with Sweden and the UK, respectively. Using narrative analysis to understand the impact of collective identification and of the political context on migrants' voting behaviour, the article will show that favourable institutional and discursive structures of opportunities can formally enable migrants to democratically engage with the society they live in. However, political opportunity structures are not enough to mobilise migrant groups. A dual identification with the recipient society and their in-group promotes a sense of entitlement to political rights and positively affects participation in local elections.