Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Of Tooth Size Discrepancy and Arch Dimensions in A Group Of Iraqi Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate ( A cross-sectional , comparative study )

Patients And Method: Study casts of 30 patients with un repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) were collected . Thirty control subjects were collected study casts were analyzed with the use of manual caliper to measure the dimensions of the maxillary permanent anterior teeth, incisor chord lengths, and the inter canine and inter molar widths. The results were analyzed statistically using paired t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Burden and cost of illness in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Objective: To estimate the cost of illness in an incidence based cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Methods: Direct costs (healthcare and non-healthcare costs) and indirect costs (productivity loss due to sick leave and work disability) were measured in 215 JIA patients, assessed on an average of 17 years after disease onset. Assessment included a clinical evaluation, a structured interview, and two self completion questionnaires. Annual direct costs were estimated based on the reported use of healthcare services and resources, using average unit prices. Indirect costs were estimated from the number of work days missed—that is, using the human capital approach. Results: The mean total cost of late JIA was estimated to be €3500 per patient and year, of which the direct cost contributed more than half. Patients with still active disease (55%) incurred the major share (90%) of the cost. They had a mean total cost of €5700 per patient year, with those under rheumatological care incurring a cost of €9300. Having a certain JIA subgroup, functional disability, or receipt of specialised care independently contributed to the total cost in active JIA. Highest mean total costs were found in active seropositive polyarthritis (€17 000) and extended oligoarthritis (€11 000), while the lowest were found in active enthesitis related arthritis (€1500) and persistent oligoarthritis (€2700). Conclusions: Estimated 12 month costs in late JIA are considerable, differing among the various JIA subgroups. Treatment strategies in JIA should be analysed for their cost effectiveness in the long term.
Frequency and Severity of Semantic Deficits in a Consecutive Memory Clinic Cohort

Background/Aim: Semantic memory deficits have been shown in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by group comparisons. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of impairments on tests with semantic content in patients with dementia, MCI (amnestic and non-amnestic) and affective disorders. Methods: A Famous faces test, Boston Naming Test and Category fluency were applied in 114 consecutive memory clinic patients and 95 healthy participants (all participants were 60 years old or older; dementia/MCI patients had Mini-Mental State Examination scores ≥20). Results: Fifty-three patients were classified with dementia, 36 with MCI (14 amnestic, 22 non-amnestic) and 25 with affective disorders. Dementia and MCI patients differed significantly from the control group on all tests. Patients with dementia and MCI had impairments in about 40% of the cases (on the most sensitive tests). However, patients with affective disorders also had mild impairments on tests tapping semantic memory (25% were impaired on the most sensitive tests). Impairments on the Famous faces test were more frequently found in dementia and MCI as compared to patients with affective disorders. Conclusion: Short tests with semantic memory content are sensitive to changes in dementia and MCI, but impairments on such tests may also be found in other diseases, e.g. affective disorders.
A Unified View of Exact Continuous Penalties for ℓ2-ℓ0 Minimization

Numerous nonconvex continuous penalties have been proposed to approach the $\ell_0$ pseudonorm for optimization purpose. Apart from the theoretical results for convex $\ell_1$ relaxation under restrictive hypotheses, only few works have been devoted to analyze the consistency, in terms of minimizers, between the $\ell_0$-regularized least squares functional and relaxed ones using continuous approximations. In this context, two questions are of fundamental importance: do relaxed functionals preserve global minimizers of the initial one? Do these approximations introduce unwanted new (local) minimizers? In this paper we answer these questions by deriving necessary and sufficient conditions on such $\ell_0$ continuous approximations in order that each (local and global) minimizer of the underlying relaxation is also a minimizer of the $\ell_2$-$\ell_0$ functional and that all the global minimizers of the initial functional are preserved. Hence, a general class of penalties is provided giving a unified view o.
Anthropometric Measures and the Risk of Developing leiomyoma in Ghana

Background: The etiology of uterine leiomyoma (or fibroids) is poorly understood. Sex steroid hormones, genetic, and growth factors have been hypothesized to play a role in their development, and anthropometric characteristics may influence uterine leiomyoma risk through these sex steroid hormones. Methods: We analyzed retrospectively-collected data from two hundred (200) patients diagnosed as having fibroids and two hundred (200) control subjects with similar age distribution as the patients. Anthropometric features of all participants were taken. Data on anthropometric were analyzed by unpaired t-test analysis and Logistic regression. Results: There were significant differences between the patients and controls groups in terms of weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio. When subjects’ BMI were classified as underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5 – 24.9), overweight (25.0 – 29.9) and obese (? 30), analysis using Logistic regression revealed a strong association between the development of fibroid with an increase in the patients BMI; with the over weight patients having an almost two fold increased risk (OR= 1.91; exact 95% CI= 1.14 3.20) and the obese having far more than a two fold risk increased (OR= 2.25; exact CI= 1.21 4.17) of developing fibroid when compared to the patients with normal BMI. The under weight patients however had a decreased risk (OR= 0.70; exact 95% CI= 0.34 1.42) of developing fibroid when compared to the normal BMI patients. When subjects were categorized as normal or obese based on their waist-to-ratio and analyzed using Logistic regression, there was a strong association between obesity and the development of fibroid (OR= 3.60; exact 95% CI= 1.74 7.47) with the obese having close to a fourfold increased risk of developing fibroids. Conclusion: High BMI and waist-to-hip ratio are may increase the risk of uterine leiomyoma possibly reflecting associated hormonal changes as well as alterations in metabolic controls that affect myometrial cell signaling through mediators such as insulin receptors, insulin-like growth factors, peroxisome proliferating activating receptors, and also influence uterine leiomyomata through changes in steroid hormone metabolism and bioavailability.
Social Class: Historical Origins and Psychological Influences *

Human culture is viewed historically as passing through three great stages, from savagery through barbarism to civilization, the transitions being stimulated, first, by the Agricultural Revolution and, later, by the Urban Revolution. The class structure appears with the stage of civilization and is the social response to the changed conditions of residence resulting chiefly from the rise of the city. The psychological characteristics responsible for the passage of culture from savagery to civilization, those resulting from the capacity for instinctual renunciation, are found mainly within the upper classes of a society. From this springs the differences between the social classes with regard to character formation, types of mental disorder, and motivation and capacity for personal change. This cultural variability, in interaction with a similar variability of psychiatric nosology and criteria of “cure”, requires the abandonment of the traditional view of mental disorder as “illness” and of mutative intervention as “treatment”.
The Institute of Medicine report on medical errors--could it do harm?

The recent Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on the quality of care, entitled “To Err Is Human,” has awakened much of the health care system to the challenge of reducing the number of adverse events in hospitals.1 The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality is supporting research on methods of preventing injuries, and private industry is insisting on accountability. Many hospitals and their medical staffs are developing task forces to address the prevention of errors. Insurers and hospital associations are launching similar initiatives.2 Physicians and hospital leaders should welcome all these efforts; for too long we have been complacent about .
Interaction of physiological mechanisms during exercise.

obtained from such studies is often difficult to interpret because the precise work intensity is not known and/or the duration of the exercise is too short for cardiorespiratory function to stabilize and a “Steady state” of exercise to be achieved. WASSERMAN, KARLMAN, ANTONIUS L. VAN KESSEL, AND GEORGE G. BURTON. Interaction of physiological mechanisms during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 22(1): 71-85. rg67. -The effects of work intensity and duration on the metabolic circulatory and ventilatory response to exercise are quantitated in healthy male subjects during cycle ergometer exercise. There is a wellordered relationship between work rate and oxidatve energy sources. Steady-state time for 02 consumption (Vo,) is dependent on work intensity (the time arterial blood lactate concentration stops increasing). At moderate work, anaerobic metabolism is a very small part of credit oxidation, while at very heavy work, the pyruvate-lactate mechanism is the major creditor. The increase in gas exchange ratio (R) reflecting the production of CO2 from bicarbonate (buffering of lactic aid) is transient. After the steady state is reached, R decreases. The heart rate increase during constant-load exercise parallels the increase in vo,. Physiological dead space/tidal volume ratio decreases from . 33 to . 17 during exercise. The reduction is independent of work duration and only slightly reduced as work intensity increases. Arterial 02 tension does not decrease during exercise at sea level even at maximal rates of 02 transport. Arterial-end tidal CO2 tension differences suggest a fluctuation in pulmonary capillary CO2 tension of approximately 8 mm Hg during the respiratory cycle of the exercising subject. Changes in minute ventilation are best predicted from the rate of CO2 production and the extent of respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis.
XB130, a Novel Adaptor Protein for Signal Transduction*

Adaptor proteins are important mediators in signal transduction. In the present study, we report the cloning and characterization of a novel adaptor protein, XB130. This gene is located on human chromosome 10q25.3 and encodes a protein of 818 amino acids. It contains several Src homology (SH)2- and SH3-binding motifs, two pleckstrin homology domains, a coiled-coil region, and a number of potential tyrosine or serine/threonine phosphorylation sites. Endogenous XB130 interacts with c-Src tyrosine kinase. Their co-expression in COS-7 cells resulted in activation of c-Src and elevated tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple proteins, including XB130 itself. XB130 expression in HEK293 cells enhanced serum response element- and AP-1-dependent transcriptional activation mediated by c-Src. XB130ΔN, an N-terminal deletion mutant lacking a putative SH3-binding motif and several putative SH2-binding sites, reduced its ability to mediate Src signal transduction. Down-regulation of endogenous XB130 with siRNA reduced c-Src activity, IL-8 production, EGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β, and altered cell cycles in human lung epithelial cells. These data suggest that XB130 as an adaptor may play an important role in the regulation of signal transduction and cellular functions.
3-D facial model estimation from single front-view facial image

A 3-D facial model can be accurately obtained from: (1) stereo facial images or (2) front- and side-view facial images. The stereo images can be obtained by two different cameras at the same time. On the other hand, capturing front- and side-view facial images requires precise location of the camera. Either may be unavailable in many practical applications. We modify several existing techniques to automatically locate the feature point position from the front-view facial image. Then several schemes (such as minimum mean square error, minimum mean absolute error, and maximum a posteriori) are used to estimate the "depth" information of the 3-D facial model parameters from the single front-view facial image according to the anthropometric and a priori information. With this scheme, a 3-D facial model can be estimated from single front-view facial image. According to the simulation results, the estimated facial model matches the exact 3-D facial model, and the synthesized and original side-view facial images appear similar.
Prediction of energy effects on photovoltaic systems due to snowfall events

The accurate prediction of yields from photovoltaic systems (PV) is critical for their proper operation and financing, and in northern latitudes the effects of snowfall on yield can become significant. This work provides methods for identifying snowfall effects from commonly collected performance data, and recommends a model to allow for prediction of these effects based solely on meteorological time series. The model was validated with data from two large-scale (>;8MW) operational PV plants. For the low tilt angles most affected by snowfall, this analysis was able to accurately predict both daily and mean values of snow effects. This methodology will enable system operators to utilize performance data to accurately identify and predict snowfall losses, and will assist system designers to optimize for the effects of snowfall on new system designs.
Negative Affectivity as a Moderator of the Association Between Smoking Status and Anxiety Sensitivity, Anxiety Symptoms, and Perceived Health Among Young Adults

The present investigation evaluated the moderational role of negative affectivity in the relation between smoking status and panic-relevant symptoms in a young adult sample (n = 222; 123 females; mean age = 22.45 years, SD = 8.08). Consistent with the prediction, negative affectivity moderated the association of smoking status with anxious arousal symptoms, anxiety sensitivity, and perceived health. Specifically, greater negative affectivity was associated with higher levels of anxious arousal and anxiety sensitivity and lower levels of perceived health among smokers compared to nonsmokers. The effects were evident after controlling for the variance accounted for by alcohol use problems and gender. Findings are discussed with regard to the role of negative affectivity in the relation between smoking and panic-related processes.
A multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with subcapsular hematoma formation following electromagnetic shock wave lithotripsy.

PURPOSE Subcapsular or perinephric hematoma is one of the most frequent and potentially serious complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). We determined the incidence of and risk factors for renal hematomas following electromagnetic shock wave lithotripsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between February 1999 and August 2003, 570 SWL treatments were performed using a Modulith SLX electromagnetic lithotriptor (Storz, St. Louis, Missouri). A total of 415 of these treatments in 317 patients were performed for stones in the renal pelvis or calices and these treatment episodes represent the study group reported. Treatment episodes were reviewed from a prospective institutional review board approved registry and analyzed for patient age, gender, body mass index, mean arterial pressure at induction, stone location, total number of shock waves and peak shock wave intensity. RESULTS Following these 415 episodes subcapsular or perinephric hematomas developed in 17 patients for an overall incidence of 4.1%. The probability of hematoma after shock wave lithotripsy increased significantly as patient age at treatment increased, such that the probability of hematoma was estimated to be 1.67 times greater for each 10-year incremental increase in patient age. None of the other variables analyzed were significantly related to the incidence of hematoma formation at the 0.05 level. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of renal hematoma formation following electromagnetic SWL for renal calculus was 4.1%. The probability of hematoma increased significantly with increasing patient age but it was not associated with increasing mean arterial pressure at treatment. These findings are in contrast to previous reports of hematoma associated with electrohydraulic SWL. These differences may be a consequence of the smaller focal zone and higher peak pressure associated with Storz Modulith electromagnetic SWL and, just as importantly, a consequence of the difference in the manner in which blood pressure was defined.
Therapeutic Effects of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH in Children with Severely Intractable Seizure

Objective Treatment of intractable seizures other than spasms is difficult and controversial. There are few studies on efficacy of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in treatment of patients with intractable seizure. Materials & Methods Twenty-five patients with intractable seizure other than spasm including 14 boys and 11 girls with median age of 58 months referred to university clinics of Pediatric Neurology in Isfahan, Iran, during 2014-2015 were prospectively investigated. ACTH was administrated according to our protocol. All cases were followed regularly and assessed for response to treatment and probable side effects, 3 wk after beginning of ACTH therapy and three months after the ACTH therapy. EEG finding were recorded before and three months after the end of ACTH therapy. Statistical analysis using Freidman test and Wilcoxon signed – rank test were performed in order to compare seizure frequency and EEG changes, respectively. Results Mean A significant reduction (>80%) in seizure frequency in 11 cases (44%) and moderate reduction (50%-80%) in 7 (28%) after 3 wk of ACTH therapy. Despite initial positive response, recurrence of seizure was observed in 7 out of 18 cases with favorable initial response within 3 months after ACTH therapy cessation. The comparison of EEG finding before and 3 months after ACTH therapy using Wilcoxon signed – rank test showed significant differences. Conclusion ACTH therapy may be useful in treatment of children with intractable seizures who are resistant to usual antiepileptic drugs. However further studies should be performed to determine the long-term efficacy of ACTH in treatment of intractable seizure.
Inducible and conditional inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus proviral expression by vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein

Besides its role in viral assembly, the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) matrix (M) protein causes cytopathic effects such as cell rounding (D. Blondel, G. G. Harmison, and M. Schubert, J. Virol. 64:1716-1725, 1990). DNA cotransfection assays demonstrated that VSV M protein was able to inhibit the transcription of a reporter gene (B. L. Black and D. S. Lyles, J. Virol. 66:4058-4064, 1992). We have confirmed these observations by using cotransfections with an infectious clone of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and found that the amino-terminal 32 amino acids of M protein which are essential for viral assembly were not required for this inhibition. For the study of the potential role of M protein in the shutoff of transcription from chromosomal DNA, we have isolated stable HeLa T4 cell lines which encode either a wild-type or a temperature-sensitive (ts) VSV M gene under control of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter. Transcription of the M mRNA was transactivated after HIV-1 infections. A cell line which encodes the wild-type M protein was nonpermissive for either HIV-1 or HIV-2. A cell line that encodes the ts M gene was transfected with the infectious HIV-1 DNA or was infected with HIV-1 or HIV-2. In all cases, at 32 degrees C, the permissive temperature for M protein, the cells were nonpermissive for HIV replication. At 40 degrees C, the ts M protein was nonfunctional and both HIV-1 and HIV-2 were able to replicate at high levels. A comparison of the amounts of proviral HIV-1 DNAs and HIV-1 mRNAs at 10 and 36 h after HIV-1 infection demonstrated that proviral insertion had not been prevented by M protein and that the block in HIV-1 replication was at the level of proviral expression. The severe reduction of HIV-1 proviral transcripts demonstrates that the VSV M protein alone can inhibit expression from chromosomal DNA. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the VSV M protein is involved in the shutoff of host cell transcription. M protein was able to attenuate HIV-1 infections and protect the cell population from HIV-1 pathogenesis. The temperature-dependent switch from a persistent to a lytic HIV-1 infection in the presence of ts M protein could be useful for studies of HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis.
[Body image and eating disorders].

OBJECTIVE Assessing the association of age and weight with internalisation of the ideal of being thin, bodily dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms amongst three groups of females: teenage, young and adult women. MATERIAL AND METHODS 145 females participated, ranging in age from 12 to 46, who answered four self-reporting questionnaires aimed at measuring symptoms of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, the ideal of being thin and bodily dissatisfaction. The participants' weight and height were also recorded for calculating their body mass index. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics, specifically Spearman correlation and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Being an older woman was associated with high internalisation of ideally being thin and bodily dissatisfaction; however, it was not correlated with eating disorder symptoms. Comparisons between groups showed that adult females were more dissatisfied with their bodies and their attitudes towards being thin; however, their attitudes and behaviour concerning abnormal eating were just as inappropriate as that amongst teenagers. CONCLUSIONS These findings show the need for research into attitudes towards eating amongst adult women because they use extreme methods for controlling weight which may result in higher health risks.
Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries to permanent incisors among 12-year-old school children in Davangere, South India.

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and factors associated with traumatic injuries to permanent incisors of 12-year-old school children in Davangere, India. METHODS In total, 1020 12-year-old school children were selected. Two trained and calibrated clinicians examined the children in the school environment using the World Health Organization Classification of Tooth Fracture (1978). Examination was also done for lip coverage and maxillary overjet using the Community Periodontal Index probe. Children were then interviewed using a structured questionnaire for demographic data and history of the injury. RESULTS The overall prevalence rate of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) to permanent incisor teeth was 15.1%. The prevalence of TDI was higher in boys compared to girls. The major cause of TDI was falling followed by collision. The maxillary incisors were commonly injured, involving mainly enamel fracture. Children with excessive overjet and inadequate lip coverage were more likely to have injuries. CONCLUSION TDI could be a serious dental public health problem among children. Thus, there is an urgent need to collect local data on dental injuries in order to obtain a more comprehensive picture of dental health.