Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinematics of Franciscan Complex exhumation: New insights from the geology of Mount Diablo, California

Three major lithotectonic units of an ancient arc-trench system are present in western California. In ascending structural order, they include: the Franciscan Complex, a remnant accretionary prism partly including high-pressure (blueschist-facies) metamorphic rocks in a subduction melange; the relatively unmetamorphosed Coast Range ophiolite; and the Great Valley Group forearc sediments. In the Mount Diablo study area east of San Francisco, the subduction complex and ophiolite are juxtaposed across the Coast Range fault, and together they represent a structurally attenuated section through the ancestral forearc crust exposed by uplift and folding of the late Cenozoic Mount Diablo anticline. The Coast Range fault is locally associated with a sheared zone in the lower part of the attenuated ophiolite. Shear-sense indicators in the serpentinite, such as S-C fabrics, rotated clasts, and slick-enfibers, record the deformation kinematics and consistently indicate that the ophiolite moved down in a normal sense relative to the Franciscan rocks in the modern reference frame. Based on these kinematic relations and metamorphic facies contrasts between the Franciscan and the Coast Range Ophiolite, as much as 6–18 km structural attenuation has occurred along the Coast Range fault. After restoration of vertical axis rotation and late Cenozoic fold deformation, the Coast Range fault dips at a low angle toward the northeast, and shear-sense data restore to top-to-the-northeast motion on the Coast Range fault, implying normal displacement of the ophiolite with respect to the structurally underlying Franciscan Complex. These relations are consistent with the hypothesis that the Franciscan rocks were exhumed by crustal attenuation along a low-angle fault system. These data suggest that the Coast Range fault dominantly accommodated normal displacement and ductile thinning, and that these processes were primarily responsible for the structural exhumation of high-pressure assemblages in the Franciscan Complex relative to the structurally overlying forearc crust.
Promise and challenges of risk assessment as an approach for preventing the arrival of harmful alien species

Background : Harmful alien species impose a growing environmental, economic and human well-being burden around the globe. A promising way to reduce the arrival of new species that may become harmful is to utilise pre-border risk assessment (RA) tools that relate the traits of introduced species to whether those species have become established and harmful. These tools can be applied to species proposed for intentional introduction so that informed decisions can be made about whether each species poses an acceptable risk and should be allowed for import. Objectives : A range of approaches to RA tool development have emerged, each relying on different assumptions about the relationships between traits and species impacts, and each requiring different levels and types of data. We set out to compare the qualities of each approach and make recommendations for their application in South Africa, a high biodiversity developing country that already has many invasive species. Method : We reviewed five approaches to pre-border RA and assessed the benefits and drawbacks of each. We focused on how pre-border RA could be applied in South Africa. Results : Recent legislation presents a framework for RA to evaluate species introductions to South Africa, but we find that this framework assumes an approach to RA that is relatively slow and costly and that does not leverage recent advances in RA tool development. Conclusion : There is potential for proven RA approaches to be applied in South Africa that would be less costly and that could more rapidly assess the suite of species currently being introduced.
Boussinesq-Type Wave Model

A fully nonlinear Boussinesq-type model with dispersion accurate to 0((kh)) is derived. As an extension to the second order extended model proposed by Nwogu (1993), a new dependent variable is defined as a weighted average between the velocity potential at two distinct water depths to force the model to have a (4,4) Pade approximation of the exact dispersion relationship. The present model is similar to the fully nonlinear extension of Nwogu's model proposed by Wei et al (1995), except that the dependent variable is expanded in a fourth (rather than second) order polynomial in the vertical coordinate.
ge nph ] 3 0 Ju l 2 01 8 Turbulence and Scale Relativity

We develop a new formalism for the study of turbulence using the scale relativity framework (applied in v-space according to de Montera’s proposal). We first review some of the various ingredients which are at the heart of the scale relativity approach (scale dependence and fractality, chaotic paths, irreversibility) and recall that they indeed characterize fully developped turbulent flows. Then we show that, in this framework, the time derivative of the Navier-Stokes equation can be transformed into a macroscopic Schrödinger-like equation. The local velocity PDF is given by the squared modulus of a solution of this equation. This implies the presence of null minima Pv(vi) ≈ 0 in this PDF. We also predict a new acceleration component in Lagrangian representation, Aq = ±Dv ∂v lnPv, which is therefore expected to diverge in these minima. Then we check these theoretical predictions by data analysis of available turbulence experiments: (1) Empty zones are in effect detected in observed Lagrangian velocity PDFs. (2) We give a direct proof of the existence of the new acceleration component by directly identifying it in the data of a laboratory turbulence experiment. (3) It precisely accounts for the bursts and calm periods of the intermittent acceleration observed in experiments. (4) Moreover, the shape of the acceleration PDF can be analytically predicted from Aq, and this theoretical PDF precisely fits the experimental data, including the large tails. (5) Finally, numerical simulations of this new process allow us to recover the observed autocorrelation functions of acceleration magnitude and the exponents of structure functions.
Brief Communication: Low-cost, on-demand aerial photogrammetry for glaciological measurement

Abstract. Remotely sensed glaciological measurements can be expensive, often involving a trade-off between resolution, scale, and frequency. We report on a case study in which two low-cost techniques were used to generate digital elevation models and orthomosaics of an Arctic glacier in consecutive ablation seasons. In the first aerial survey we used an unmanned aerial vehicle and acquired images autonomously. The following year we took advantage of the helicopter used for site access, and were able to acquire images manually, for little additional helicopter time. We present a preliminary assessment of accuracy and apply these data to measure glacier thinning and motion.
Characterization of ions at Alpine waterfalls

Abstract. During a three-year field campaign of measuring waterfall generated ions, we monitored five different waterfalls in the Austrian Alps. Most measurements were performed at the Krimml waterfall (Salzburg, Austria), which is the biggest waterfall in Europe, and the Gartl waterfall (Molltal, Austria). We characterized spatial, time and size distributions of waterfall-generated ions under the influence of surrounding topography. The smallest ions with boundary diameters of 0.9, 1.5 and 2 nm, were measured with a cylindrical air ion detector (CDI-06), while ion sizes from 5.5 to 350 nm were measured using a modified Grimm SMPS aerosol spectrometer. High negative ion concentration gradients are detected in the vicinity of the waterfalls, whereas the increase of positive ions was only moderate. Ions in the nano range were the most abundant at 2 nm, and at 120 nm in the sub-micrometer range.
The multiple births epidemic: The growing role of superovulation and intrauterine insemination

Superovulation and Intrauterine Insemination (S/IUI) is emerging as a significant driver of the multiple births epidemic. Regrettably, multiple births attributable to S/IUI may not be entirely preventable. However, mitigation is possible if one accepts the proposition that low-dose (# 75IU) Gondotropin, Clomiphene, and off label Letrozole regimens improve on the outcome of high-dose ($150IU) Gonadotropin counterparts in the multiple births category and that per cycle pregnancy rates are comparable. It follows that high-dose Gonadotropin regimens must be used judiciously and that they be substituted by available alternatives whenever possible. For the foreseeable future, S/IUI is here to stay. In time however, S/IUI may well be superseded by In Vitro Fertilization at a point in time when the affordability of the latter is no longer rate limiting.
Pelvic musculature and function of Caiman latirostris

The musculoskeletal hindlimb anatomy of the alligatorid Caiman latirostris Daudin is presented. The description includes origin and insertion sites as well as anatomical function of the pelvic and proximal hindlimb musculature. The hindlimb anatomy of C. latirostris described here is rather conservative when compared to that of other extant crocodilians studied. Nonetheless there is some inter-specific variation between C. latirostris and other Crocodylia, such as the well known Alligator mississippiensis. Caiman latirostris and other alligatorids have many differences between each other concerning the origin and insertion sites as well as the extent and relative development of the muscular masses involved, such as the absence of M. flexor tibialis internus 4, the addition of one dorsal vertebra to the origin of PIFI 2, totalling seven vertebrae, the exclusion of sacral vertebrae in the origin site ofCFB, and the inclusion of transverse processes, as well as haemal arches in the origin site ofCFL, among others. Regarding muscle function, hindlimb agonist-antagonist movements in Caiman latirostris are not performed by a sole muscle, but instead by a principal muscle and others that complete the action. These anatomical variations could be correlated with a particular locomotor behaviour and phylogenetic landscape.
The ‘‘ergodic limit’’ for a viscous Hamilton−Jacobi equation with Dirichlet conditions

— We study the limit, when l tends to 0, of the solutions ul of the Dirichlet problem Duþ luþ j‘uj 1⁄4 f ðxÞ in W; u 1⁄4 0 on qW; when 1 < qa 2 and f is bounded. In case the limit problem does not have any solution, we prove that ul has a complete blow-up (ul ! l) and its behaviour is described in terms of the corresponding ergodic problem with state constraint conditions. In particular, lul converges to the ergodic constant c0 and ul þ jjuljjl converges to the boundary blow-up solution v0 of the ergodic problem associated to the stochastic optimal control with state constraint.
Akkerman smaller unions to strike Involuntary disputes : When competition for members forces

Industrial relations theory has produced two conflicting hypotheses on the effects of multi-unionism on the incidence of industrial conflict. International comparative research proposes that unions organizing the same worker domains are prone to competition, for which industrial conflict is used as a means of propaganda. British economic research claims that unions organizing substitutable workers cooperate and act as one union. This study argues that apparent cooperation is not always voluntary action but is sometimes the result of a loss of autonomy caused by competition and a lack of mobilization power. Micro-level data on industrial action are used to test hypotheses of the conditions for such involuntary participation in labor disputes.
Derived Cardiomyocytes − A New System for Profiling Drug-Induced Calcium Signal Perturbation in Human Embryonic Stem Cell

The emergence of human stem cell–derived cardiomyocyte (hSCCM)–based assays in the cardiovascular (CV) drug discovery sphere requires the development of improved systems for interrogating the rich information that these cell models have the potential to yield. We developed a new analytical framework termed SALVO (synchronization, amplitude, length, and variability of oscillation) to profile the amplitude and temporal patterning of intraand intercellular calcium signals in hSCCM. SALVO quantified drug-induced perturbations in the calcium signaling “fingerprint” in spontaneously contractile hSCCM. Multiparametric SALVO outputs were integrated into a single index of in vitro cytotoxicity that confirmed the rank order of perturbation as astemizole > thioridazine > cisapride > flecainide > valdecoxib > sotalol > nadolol ≈ control. This rank order of drug-induced Ca signal disruption is in close agreement with the known arrhythmogenic liabilities of these compounds in humans. Validation of the system using a second set of compounds and hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated the utility of SALVO to discriminate drugs based on their mechanisms of action. We discuss the utility of this new mechanistically agnostic system for the evaluation of in vitro drug cytotoxicity in hSCCM syncytia and the potential placement of SALVO in the early stage drug screening framework.
OPTICAL PROPER MOTION MEASUREMENTS OF THE M87 JET: NEW RESULTS FROM THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE

We report new results from a Hubble Space Telescope archival program to study proper motions in the optical jet of the nearby radio galaxy M87. Using over 13 yr of archival imaging, we reach accuracies below 0.1c in measuring the apparent velocities of individual knots in the jet. We confirm previous findings of speeds up to 4.5c in the inner 6″ of the jet, and report new speeds for optical components in the outer part of the jet. We find evidence of significant motion transverse to the jet axis on the order of 0.6c in the inner jet features, and superluminal velocities parallel and transverse to the jet in the outer knot components, with an apparent ordering of velocity vectors possibly consistent with a helical jet pattern. Previous results suggested a global deceleration over the length of the jet in the form of decreasing maximum speeds of knot components from HST-1 outward, but our results suggest that superluminal speeds persist out to knot C, with large differentials in very nearby features all along the jet. We find significant apparent accelerations in directions parallel and transverse to the jet axis, along with evidence for stationary features in knots D, E, and I. These results are expected to place important constraints on detailed models of kiloparsec-scale relativistic jets.
Performance of a centrifugal pump running in inverse mode

Abstract This paper presents the functional characterization of a centrifugal pump used as a turbine. It shows the characteristics of the machine involved at several rotational speeds, comparing the respective flows and heads. In this way, it is possible to observe the influence of the rotational speed on efficiency, as well as obtaining the characteristics at constant head and runaway speed. Also, the forces actuating on the impeller were studied. An uncertainty analysis was made to assess the accuracy of the results. The research results indicate that the turbine characteristics can be predicted to some extent from the pump characteristics, that water flows out of the runner free of swirl flow at the best efficiency point, and that radial stresses are lower than in pump mode.
Credit Scarcity in Developing Countries: An Empirical Investigation Using Brazilian Firm-Level Data

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether Brazilian manufacturing firms are credit constrained. We exploit a rich database that contains more than three thousand firms with characteristics that may affect their degree of credit constraint: size, being listed in the Brazilian stock market and level of exports-sales ratio. Our results show that all dimensions considered here may affect the sensitiveness of investment to cash flow. Large firms, stock market listed firms as well as firms with better export capacity are associated with inexistence or less credit restriction. Specifically, considering firms' size, our results corroborate the economic theory prediction and empirical international literature. Furthermore, the influence of being listed in the stock market and export capacity is beyond any possible correlation with size. Even small and middle firms are not credit constrained when listed in the stock market or when the exports-sales ratio is higher
Military expenditure and economic growth: A survey

Until recently, a long-standing, impressively large, and growing literature on the effects of military expenditure on economic growth appeared to have failed to result in a scholarly consensus. But the availability of 20 more years of data since the thawing of the cold war has helped researchers to make progress in identifying any relation of military expenditure with economic factors. The literature is complex and difficult to summarize, with studies differing in their theoretical approach, in the empirical methods used, in the coverage of countries and time periods employed, and in their quality and statistical significance. This article extends and updates an earlier survey, now covering almost 170 studies. It finds that more recent studies provide stronger evidence of a negative effect of military expenditure on economic growth.
Malassezia vespertilionis sp. nov.: a new cold-tolerant species of yeast isolated from bats

Malassezia is a genus of medically-important, lipid-dependent yeasts that live on the skin of warm-blooded animals. The 17 described species have been documented primarily on humans and domestic animals, but few studies have examined Malassezia species associated with more diverse host groups such as wildlife. While investigating the skin mycobiota of healthy bats, we isolated a Malassezia sp. that exhibited only up to 92% identity with other known species in the genus for the portion of the DNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region that could be confidently aligned. The Malassezia sp. was cultured from the skin of nine species of bats in the subfamily Myotinae; isolates originated from bats sampled in both the eastern and western United States. Physiological features and molecular characterisation at seven additional loci (D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA, 18S rDNA, chitin synthase, second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, β-tubulin, translation elongation factor EF-1α, and minichromosome maintenance complex component 7) indicated that all of the bat Malassezia isolates likely represented a single species distinct from other named taxa. Of particular note was the ability of the Malassezia sp. to grow over a broad range of temperatures (7–40 °C), with optimal growth occurring at 24 °C. These thermal growth ranges, unique among the described Malassezia, may be an adaptation by the fungus to survive on bats during both the host's hibernation and active seasons. The combination of genetic and physiological differences provided compelling evidence that this lipid-dependent yeast represents a novel species described herein as Malassezia vespertilionis sp. nov. Whole genome sequencing placed the new species as a basal member of the clade containing the species M. furfur, M. japonica, M. obtusa, and M. yamatoensis. The genetic and physiological uniqueness of Malassezia vespertilionis among its closest relatives may make it important in future research to better understand the evolution, life history, and pathogenicity of the Malassezia yeasts.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT OF PLACENTAL THICKNESS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH GESTATIONAL AGE – A CROSS-SECTIONAL ULTRASONOGRAPHIC STUDY.

Dr Sudhir Saxena. Introduction:Study of placental morphology is a part of the overall assessment of intrauterine environment. Placental growth can be estimated by either measuring the thickness or estimating its volume. Placental thickness is directly related to the gestational age of the foetus during certain period of pregnancy. Thus placental thickness can be used to determine the gestational age.
Annual sea surface temperature lag as an indicator of regional climate variability

The annual SST lag for the world ocean is obtained from a Fourier analysis of the HadISST (1870–2008) and NOAA WOA05 (1900–2005) monthly SST data series. The main properties are a mean of 73 days and a standard deviation of 16 days, with tongues of high SST lag extending poleward and eastward from the equatorial regions where a maximum in lag of about 110 days occurs. The SST lag is the sum of an atmospheric surface heat flux lag and an ocean heat storage lag which is the dominant contributor and provides direct estimates of the damping time for air/sea heat exchange, which are in good agreement with observations in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean, and also predictions of the phase lag of the mid‐latitude ocean surface temperature field to El Nino‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing. Hence, SST lag can be used to diagnose global climate variability. Local differences in lag of up to about 15 days occur between the 1991–2005 and 1976–1990 periods, which are accompanied by significant changes in regional climate. The lag time series for grid points in the eastern Indian Ocean, North Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean show that the variability can be interpreted in terms of bounded random walks of length about 20 years. The CSIRO Mk. 3.5 run for Scenario A2 over the period 1871–2100 has a similar random structure and also shows a secular increase in SST lag in the temperate oceans which is attributable to an expansion of the tropical belt.
Excess Liquidity against Predation: Product Market Competition and Financial Contract

We first show that, under a Cournot duopoly, a financial-constraint entrant has excess liquidity for a barrier to a “long-purse” incumbent’s predation. The excess liquidity does not however matters to the equilibrium output levels, if loan charges no interest. Otherwise, the loan for the excess liquidity shrinks the entrant’s output levels and expands the incumbent’s. In addition, if we assume fixed cost, there may be equilibria where the entrant with little endowment further reduces his output because of the threat of liquidation (adverse “limited-liability effect”).
Urban partnerships in low-carbon development: Opportunities and challenges of an emerging trend in global climate politics Parcerias urbanas no desenvolvimento de baixo carbono: Oportunidades e desafi os de uma tendência emergente na Política Climática Global

This study explores the linkages between two recent trends in global climate governance. The ϐirst trend is the growing focus on cities in the multi-level governance of climate change. Whereas international climate change negotiations often end in deadlock, many urban centers across the world are taking the lead. Industrialized cities from the Global North and increasingly cities from the emerging Southern economies are experimenting with innovative and ambitious programs to reduce their local carbon footprints. A second trend is the expanding urban North-South cooperation in the area of low-carbon development. This cooperation takes various forms, such as city twinning, transnational municipal networks and trans-local development cooperation. A key target of these initiatives is to develop joint projects and exchange knowledge to foster low-carbon development pathways. This study analyzes the conditions of success and failure in selected Indo-German urban low-carbon partnerships with a particular focus on institutional arrangements. The paper presents evidence from three initiatives and argues that successful trans-local cooperation depends largely on the interplay between institutional forms and the development of social capital. Building on these ϐindings, the paper discusses what lessons may be drawn from the emergence of urban North-South cooperation for the future development of global climate governance.