Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive Affect and Cognitive Control

In most prior research, positive affect has been consistently found to promote cognitive flexibility. However, the motivational dimensional model of affect assumes that the influence of positive affect on cognitive processes is modulated by approach-motivation intensity. In the present study, we extended the motivational dimensional model to the domain of cognitive control by examining the effect of low- versus high-approach-motivated positive affect on the balance between cognitive flexibility and stability in an attentional-set-shifting paradigm. Results showed that low-approach-motivated positive affect promoted cognitive flexibility but also caused higher distractibility, whereas high-approach-motivated positive affect enhanced perseverance but simultaneously reduced distractibility. These results suggest that the balance between cognitive flexibility and stability is modulated by the approach-motivation intensity of positive affective states. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate motivational intensity into studies on the influence of affect on cognitive control.
A New Method for Sham‐Controlled Acupuncture in Experimental Visceral Pain – a Randomized, Single‐Blinded Study

Acupuncture is increasingly used as an alternative to medical therapy for various pain conditions. To study the effect of acupuncture in experimental and clinical studies, a control condition with sham acupuncture is needed. However, as such models have not been established in assessment of acupunctures effect against visceral pain, this study aimed to validate a new method for blinded sham acupuncture in experimental rectal pain.
A Structurally Complete Fragment of Relevant Logic

This note contains a proof that the implication-conjunction fragment of the relevant logic R is structurally complete: in it, every admissible rule is derivable. The analogous result for the same fragment of intuitionist logic has been known at least since the early 1970's, and indeed the generalization to all fragments of intuitionist propositional logic not containing both implication and disjunction is reported in Mints [4]. The extension to relevant logic, however, is nontrivial and so far has been secured only for the one fragment. In order to make this paper self-contained, and because the argument in the relevant case follows it closely, we begin by exhibiting the proof for intuitionist logic. By a rule, for the purposes of this note, is meant an object
Recent corticosteroid use and recent disease activity: independent determinants of coronary heart disease risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus?

OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a markedly elevated risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), the exact pathogenesis of which is unknown. In particular, the causal roles of corticosteroid therapy and SLE disease activity, and whether their putative effects are mediated through conventional risk factors, remain unclear. METHODS Data abstracted retrospectively from the charts at 11,359 clinic visits for 310 patients with SLE to the Montreal General Hospital were used to investigate the associations of recent corticosteroid dose and recent Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score with 8 CHD risk factors (total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B [Apo B], triglycerides, systolic blood pressure [BP], body mass index, and blood glucose) and the aggregate estimate of 2-year CHD risk. Separate multivariable linear regression models estimated the mutually-adjusted effects of average daily corticosteroid dose and average SLEDAI score within the past year on the current level of each risk factor while adjusting for age, sex, cumulative damage score, disease duration, and, where appropriate, use of relevant medications. RESULTS Higher past-year corticosteroid dose was independently associated with significantly higher overall 2-year CHD risk and with higher levels of all 8 individual risk factors. Higher past-year lupus disease activity was independently associated with higher overall 2-year CHD risk, lower HDL cholesterol, and higher values of systolic BP, Apo B, triglycerides, and blood glucose. CONCLUSION In SLE, both recent use of corticosteroids and recent lupus activity are independently associated with higher values of several well-recognized CHD risk factors and overall 2-year CHD risk.
Analysis of the influence of intermittent faults in a microcontroller

Nowadays, new submicron technologies have allowed increasing processors performance while decreasing their size. However, as a side effect, their reliability has been negatively affected. Although mainly permanent and transient faults have been studied, intermittent faults are expected to be a big challenge in modern VLSI circuits. Usually, intermittent faults have been assumed to be the prelude of permanent faults. Currently, intermittent faults due to process variations and residues have grown, being necessary to study their effects. The objective of this work has been to analyse the impact of intermittent faults, taking advantage of the power of the simulation-based fault injection methodology. Using as background faults observed in real computer systems, we have injected intermittent faults in the VHDL model of a microcontroller. The controllability and flexibility of VHDL- based fault injection technique has allowed us to do a detailed analysis of the influence of some parameters of intermittent faults. We have also compared the results obtained with the impact of transient and permanent faults.
Identification of a high concentration of scyllo‐inositol in the brain of a healthy human subject using 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR

The peak at 3.35 ppm in the 1H‐NMR spectrum characteristic for scyllo‐inositol may be a marker for cerebral pathology, although it has a well‐known constant concentration relative to myo‐inositol. Such a peak was observed with an intensity at least 300% above normal in the brain of a healthy volunteer. The scyllo‐inositol signal was assigned based on the detection of a corresponding peak at 74.5 ppm in the 13C‐NMR spectrum and on the demonstration of singlet characteristics of the proton signal. The presence of substantial brain concentrations of scyllo‐inositol suggests that scyllo‐inositol metabolism may be regulated independently from myo‐inositol and that such concentrations are compatible with normal health.
Assessment of c-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetics are more vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases and therefore there is a need to look for new markers to assess the risk. Aims of the present study are to assess the C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. In a case control study, stable type 2 diabetics were enrolled from pathology lab and controls were enrolled from free living population. Anthropometric profile, lipid profile, CRP and fi-brinogen levels were assessed on 27 stable type 2 diabetics and 30 normal subjects. Students t test and correlation analysis were done using excel package. The data showed that the mean CRP and fibrinogen values were 1.7mg/L and 242 mg% in diabetics and 1.16mg/L and 296mg% in controls. Both CRP and fibrinogen levels were not influenced by elevated levels of BMI, WC, Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in controls as well as the diabet-ics. However, in case of CRP significant correlation was found with Triglyceride (r=0.3, p= 0.05) and TG/H (r=0.4 , p=0.01). No positive correlation existed with fibrinogen values with any of the lipid indicators monitored. Thus traditional markers of TG and TG/H should be monitored regularly to assess the risk of CVD.
Estrogen, cognitive functions and emotion: an overview on humans, non-human primates and rodents in reproductive years

Abstract Accumulating evidence has highlighted a number of important, global issues regarding the influence of estrogen on emotion and cognitive functions, including learning and memory processes, both in animal models and humans. The influence of estrogen on cognition and emotion can be explained by taking into account its modulator role on several neurotransmitter systems, acetylcholine in particular, but also catecholamines, serotonin and GABA in rodents, primates and humans. Another reason may lie in the widespread presence of the two classes (α and β) of estrogen receptors in many brain regions involved in emotion and cognition, including the hippocampal formation, amygdala and cerebral cortex. The present review reports on research conducted in our laboratory and others with the objective of identifying the action of estrogens on cognition and emotion in rodents, monkeys and humans in youth. In particular, the first section, focused on the mechanisms of estrogens action in the brain, illustrates the involvement of estrogen receptors and neurotransmitters in the cognitive and emotional processes; the second section deals with the estrogen effects on cognitive and emotional mechanisms, with particular emphasis on memory and the involvement of estrogen in emotion and cognition across the estrous/menstrual cycle.
Drivers of Quantity and Quality of Participation in Online Policy Deliberation Forums

Abstract Online policy deliberation forums (OPDFs) have been increasingly initiated by governments to allow citizens to provide their input and discuss policy issues. Yet, failure to garner participation, in terms of both quantity and quality, prevents the realization of their benefits. In this regard, prior research has suggested different antecedents for the quantity and quality of participation in online forums, but without systematically considering their differences. To address this research gap, in this study we develop a theoretical model to explain the antecedents of quantity and quality of OPDF participation and test the model using a survey and content analysis of forum logs. The results indicate that quantity of participation is enhanced by the information-technology-enabled resource factor of communality but negatively influenced by collective incentives. In contrast, the antecedents of the quality of participation include both motivational and resource factors. Furthermore, communality accentuates the perceived collective incentives and persuasion benefit of participation. This study contributes to the research by proposing and testing a theoretical model that explains the different antecedents of the quantity and quality of participation in OPDFs. More broadly, the findings inform research and practice on how outcomes of web-enabled cocreation, such as those generated through OPDF participation, can be evaluated and enhanced in these online communities.
Lateral organic carbon supply to the deep Canada Basin

Understanding the processes driving the carbon cycle in the Arctic Ocean is important for assessing the impacts of the predicted rapid and amplified climate change in this region. We analyzed settling particle samples intercepted by a time‐series sediment trap deployed in the abyssal Canada Basin (at 3067 m) in order to examine carbon export to the deep Arctic Ocean. Strikingly old radiocarbon ages (apparent mean 14C age = ∼1900 years) of the organic carbon, abundant lithogenic material (∼80%), and mass flux variations temporally decoupled from the cycle of primary productivity in overlying surface waters together suggest that, unlike other ocean basins, the majority of the particulate organic carbon entering the deep Canada Basin is supplied from the surrounding margins.
GINGIVAL OVERGROWTH INDUCED BY IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT WITH CYCLOSPORINE A AND MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL IN A PATIENT WITH KIDNEY TRANSPLANT – A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Cyclosporine A, a drug that inhibits the immune response, has been widely used for over 30 years in immu‐ nosuppressive therapy protocols for patient‐recipients of the transplanted organs. One of the commonly reported side effects of Cyclosporine A is gingival overgrowth, with varying degrees of severity, which may interfere with the aesthetics and normal functions of the oral cavity. Combi‐ nation with other drugs that can recognize the gum tissue as a secondary target organ increases the risk of drug‐induced gingival overgrowth. In cases where a lower dose of Cyclosporine A or conversion to another immuno‐ suppressive agent (a drug not assigned to such a side effect) are not possible, the management of severe gingival overgrowth focuses on surgical excision of the excessively proliferated gingival tissue. We report the case of a young adult with moderate drug‐induced gingival overgrowth, the beneficiary of a functional transplanted kidney about 9 years ago, treated with two immunosuppressives, who has undergone gingivectomy with electrocautery, as a nec‐ essary intervention to improve the oral hygiene and to avoid worsening of malfunctions in the oral cavity.
Substance-Abusing Female Offenders as Victims: Chronological Sequencing of Pathways Into the Criminal Justice System

Abstract This study assesses the entrance of substance-abusing female offenders (N = 1,209) into the criminal justice system through temporal patterns (using age of first victimization, drug use, and arrest). Nine pathways were identified. Unexpectedly, the leading path was a sequence where drug use preceded arrest in absence of childhood victimization. However, women under a path inclusive of victimization possessed more risk factors. Findings support feminist pathway research, which states that childhood victimization is generally present in female offenders’ lives. Nevertheless, results also revealed that a drug pathway without childhood abuse proved to be as important and even more dominant among criminal justice–involved women.
Lumbar Intervertebral Disk Degeneration in Elite Competitive Swimmers

Background The majority of orthopaedic problems experienced by competitive swimmers are related to pain in the shoulder, low back, and knee. Three of 39 national swim team members were hampered in their performance due to lumbar disk herniation at an international competition in 2001. There has been no previous research into lumbar disk degeneration in elite competitive swimmers. Hypothesis Excessive competitive swimming activities accelerate lumbar disk degeneration. Study Design Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Fifty-six elite swimmers (high-load group, 35 men and 21 women; mean age, 19.6 years) and a control group of 38 university recreational level swimmers (low-load group, 24 men and 14 women; mean age, 21.1 years) were evaluated for lumbar disk degeneration using magnetic resonance imaging. We compared the prevalence of disk degeneration and the disk level between the 2 groups and further investigated the relationship among their symptoms, swimming styles, and disk degeneration. Results Thirty-eight (68%) elite swimmers and 11 (29%) controls had degenerated disks at various disk levels, and the prevalence was significantly greater in the elite swimmers (P = .0002). Comparison between the 2 groups of the prevalence of disk degeneration at each level revealed that the disk level of L5-S1 was significantly more frequently degenerated in the high-load group (P = .026). There was no significant relationship observed among the variables of low back pain symptoms, swimming strokes, and disk degeneration. Conclusion Excessive competitive swimming activities might exaggerate lumbar intervertebral disk degeneration, especially in the L5-S1 intervertebral segment. Keywords lumbar intervertebral disk; disk degeneration; swimming; sports
Adsorption Capacity for Phosphorus Comparison among Activated Alumina, Silica Sand and Anthracite Coal

Experimental researches on adsorptive capacity of activated alumina, silica sand and anthracite coal for phosphorus were conducted. Results showed that performances of three filter media were all in line with Langmuir isotherm, and activated alumina adsorptive performance was much better than silica sand and an-thracite coal for phosphorus removal. The adsorptive capacity of activated alumina, silica sand and anthracite coal for phosphorus was 3333μg/g, 49μg/g and 100μg/g respectively. Activated alumina displayed adsorp-tive function well for phosphorus, because its inner porosity, specific surface area and surface isoelectric pH value were all higher than those of other two filter media. While activated alumina was used as filter material in water treatment process, phosphorus would be removed strongly because of adsorptive characteristic of activated alumina.
Axo‐axonic synapses formed by somatostatin‐expressing GABAergic neurons in rat and monkey visual cortex

In cerebral cortex of rat and monkey, the neuropeptide somatostatin (SOM) marks a population of nonpyramidal cells (McDonald et al. [1982] J. Neurocytol. 11:809–824; Hendry et al. [1984] J. Neurosci. 4:2497:2517; Laemle and Feldman [1985] J. Comp. Neurol. 233:452–462; Meineke and Peters [1986] J. Neurocytol. 15:121–136; DeLima and Morrison [1989] J. Comp. Neurol. 283:212–227) that represent a distinct type of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) ‐ergic neuron (Gonchar and Burkhalter [1997] Cereb. Cortex 7:347–358; Kawaguchi and Kubota [1997] Cereb. Cortex 7:476–486) whose synaptic connections are incompletely understood. The organization of inhibitory inputs to the axon initial segment are of particular interest because of their role in the suppression of action potentials (Miles et al. [1996] Neuron 16:815:823). Synapses on axon initial segments are morphologically heterogeneous (Peters and Harriman [1990] J. Neurocytol. 19:154–174), and some terminals lack parvalbumin (PV) and contain calbindin (Del Rio and DeFelipe [1997] J. Comp. Neurol. 342:389–408), that is also expressed by many SOM‐immunoreactive neurons (Kubota et al. [1994] Brain Res. 649:159–173; Gonchar and Burkhalter [1997] Cereb. Cortex 7:347–358). We studied the innervation of pyramidal neurons by SOM neurons in rat and monkey visual cortex and examined putative contacts by confocal microscopy and determined synaptic connections in the electron microscope. Through the confocal microscope, SOM‐positive boutons were observed to form close appositions with somata, dendrites, and spines of intracortically projecting pyramidal neurons of rat area 17 and pyramidal cells in monkey striate cortex. In addition, in rat and monkey, SOM boutons were found to be associated with axon initial segments of pyramidal neurons. SOM axon terminals that were apposed to axon initial segments of pyramidal neurons lacked PV, which was shown previously to label axo‐axonic terminals provided by chandelier cells (DeFelipe et al. [1989] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2093–2097; Gonchar and Burkhalter [1999a] J. Comp. Neurol. 406:346:360). Electron microscopic examination directly demonstrated that SOM axon terminals form symmetric synapses with the initial segments of pyramidal cells in supragranular layers of rat and monkey primary visual cortex. These SOM synapses differed ultrastructurally from the more numerous unlabeled symmetric synapses found on initial segments. Postembedding immunostaining revealed that all SOM axon terminals contained GABA. Unlike PV‐expressing chandelier cell axons that innervate exclusively initial segments of pyramidal cell axons, SOM‐immunoreactive neurons innervate somata, dendrites, spines, and initial segments, that are just one of their targets. Thus, SOM neurons may influence synaptic excitation of pyramidal neurons at the level of synaptic inputs to dendrites as well as at the initiation site of action potential output. J. Comp. Neurol. 443:1–14, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inpainting of Missing Values in the Kinect Sensor's Depth Maps Based on Background Estimates

Low-cost game controllers such as Microsoft's Kinect sensor provide dense, real-time depth measurements of indoor environments at high framerate. The sensor is based on the principle of active stereo using structured infrared light. For surfaces that distract infrared light, no measurements can be obtained. It is important to replace missing values early on, to avoid a slow subsequent conditional evaluations or the propagation of errors into neighboring regions. To solve this problem we present an inpainting method that adds missing values based on background estimates of the unoccluded scene. It is therefore not necessary to hypothesize missing regions based on similarity to other image regions. The procedure also avoids a blurring between foreground and background. By adapting the method to the specific properties of the Kinect (and comparable) cameras, we were able to keep the complexity of the algorithm low, so high speed can be achieved.
Intestinal parasitic infections in adult patients in KwaZulu-Natal.

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among adult patients in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Design, Setting and Subjects. Stool samples from adults 18 years of age and above, were obtained from 32 randomly selected public hospital laboratories in all eight former health regions of the province. The stool samples were processed in the laboratory and screened for intestinal parasites using microscopy. Outcome measures. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in adults by health region. Results. Overall prevalence of parasites in 5733 screened stool samples was 20.4%. The prevalence was highest in regions situated along the coast and lowest in the inland regions. The most common helminthic parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiuria, hookworm species and Schistosoma mansoni. The main protozoan parasites were Entamoeba coli and Endolimax nana including the less common protozoans such as Isospora, Cryptosporidia and other Coccidia species. Conclusions. This study provides useful information about the occurrence and geographical distribution of different intestinal parasites in the adult population in the province. This is vital for planning future research and parasite control strategies, particularly because in many studies elsewhere intestinal parasites have been shown to be endemic in the same communities as HIV/AIDS, and implicated in the rapid progression of HIV to AIDS.
Voice Risk Factors in Kindergarten Teachers in Greece

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify voice risk factors for female kindergarten teachers and nurses in Heraklion, Crete. Patients and Methods: A questionnaire consisting of voice use and lifestyle activities was given to 200 kindergarten teachers in Heraklion, Crete, of which 151 were returned (75.5%). A group of 89 nurses served as the control group. Both groups also completed the Greek version of the Voice Handicap Index (VHI-G). Results: Kindergarten teachers sing more often, speak loudly more often when they are at work and present with more infections of the upper respiratory tract compared to nurses. They talk less than 30 min per day on the phone, drink less alcohol and water and smoke less in comparison with nurses. The median VHI-G score for the kindergarten teachers was significantly higher than that for the nurses. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is a difference in the factors that may be responsible for the appearance of voice problems in kindergarten teachers and in nurses. For kindergarten teachers, the risk factors for voice disorders are primarily related to vocal load factors and for nurses appear to be lifestyle-related more than voice use alone.