Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
User-Guided Outlier Detection in Heterogeneous Datasets

Rapidly developing areas of information technology are generating massive amounts of data. Human errors, sensor failures, and other unforeseen circumstances unfortunately tend to undermine the quality and consistency of these datasets by introducing outliers – data points that exhibit surprising behavior when compared to the rest of the data. Characterizing, locating, and in some cases eliminating these outliers offers interesting insight about the data under scrutiny and reinforces the confidence that one may have in conclusions drawn from otherwise noisy datasets. In this paper, we describe a new user-guided outlier detection framework, dBoost, which relies on inference and statistical modeling of heterogeneous data to flag suspicious fields in database tuples. At the heart of the system lies a tuple expansion procedure, which reconstructs rich information from semantically poor SQL data types such as strings, integers, and floating point numbers. We show that this novel approach achieves good classification performance, both in traditional numerical datasets and in highly non-numerical contexts such as mostly textual datasets. Our implementation is publicly available, under version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
Units of Analysis in Geographic Criminology: Historical Development, Critical Issues and Open Questions

Social scientists have had a long and enduring interest in the geography of crime and the explanation of variation of crime at place. In this introductory chapter, we first describe the history of crime and place studies, showing that in the course of two centuries, scholars have increasingly focused their interest on smaller spatial units of analysis. In the 19th century, they typically studied large administrative districts such as regions and countries. The Chicago School focused on much smaller urban communities. More recently, interest has moved toward geographic units as small as street blocks or addresses. After this historical account, we address specific questions regarding how the unit of analysis should be chosen for crime and place studies. We address substantive theoretical, statistical, and practical problems that are raised in choosing appropriate levels of geography for research and practice. We discuss issues of theory and data and consider the factors that have inhibited the study of units of analysis of crime at place to date, mentioning the specific contributions to the unit of analysis problem that are made by the chapters that follow.
Neuroptera : Chrysopidae ) females do not avoid ovipositing in the presence of conspeci W c eggs

Previous experiments have demonstrated that green lacewing (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) adults could be attracted to Weld crops using artiWcial honeydew. To be eVective as a biological control method, such a technique would require that the increase in female abundance translate in an increase egg deposition. An experiment was conducted to evaluate whether the honeydew-feeding females of the green lacewing Chrysoperla ruWlabris (Burmeister) avoid laying eggs in the presence of conspeciWc eggs. The potential risk associated with oviposition in a site already occupied by conspeciWc eggs was also studied. The preference of C. ruWlabris larvae for kin and non-kin eggs and the susceptibility of C. ruWlabris eggs to cannibalism relative to their age was determined. The results demonstrate that females are not reluctant to oviposit in the presence of conspeciWc eggs. Larvae show no preference for kin or non-kin eggs, and lacewing eggs become less susceptible to cannibalism as they age. This indicates that the risk of egg cannibalism by neonate in the Weld may be low. The results are discussed from ecological and biological control points of view. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Development and Description of the Organizational Civility Scale (OCS)

Workplace incivility is a challenging problem for individuals and organizations resulting in employee absenteeism, psychological distress, physical disease, job dissatisfaction, and increased turn-over rates. The economic and human costs can be devastating and far-reaching. Empirical instruments are needed to effectively measure workplace incivility. This article describes the development and description of the Organizational Civility Scale (OCS) which measures employee perceptions of civility, stress, coping, job satisfaction, the extent to which incivility is perceived to be a problem, factors which contribute to it, and solutions to address the problem. Seven items on the OCS emerged as predictors of organizational civility including items referring to respect, collegiality, satisfaction with direct supervisor, whether the workplace environment appeared judgmental, civility expressed in mission/vision statement, emotionality in coping strategies, and frequency of abused authority.
Uncertainty and Monetary Policy Rules in the United States

This paper analyses the impact of uncertainty on monetary policy rules in the US since the early 1980s. Extending the Taylor rule to allow the response of interest rates to inflation and the output gap to depend on uncertainty, we find evidence that the predictions of the theoretical literature on responses to uncertainty are reflected in the behaviour of policymakers, suggesting that policymakers are adhering to prescriptions for optimal policy.
Analyses of Multifaceted Poverty and Poverty Dynamics in Indonesia Intrageneration Poverty Dynamics in Indonesia : Households ’ Welfare Mobility Before , During , and After the Asian Financial Crisis

When the economic crisis hit in 1998, and economic growth dropped by 13.7 percent; exacerbated by domestic political turbulence, poverty figures sharply rose from 17.47 percent to 24.20 percent. It began to decline again as the economy quickly recovered from the crisis. The above details demonstrate that poverty is not a pure static phenomenon, but rather is dependent on dynamic characteristics that easily change over time. Households could move into (or out of) poverty in response to fluctuations in the economy. This study then aims to analyze the determinants of households’ shifting welfare during the periods before, during and after the Asian financial crisis in Indonesia. Applying the spell approach of poverty experience and observing four waves of IFLS (Indonesian Family Life Survey) balanced panel datasets, we find that during 1993-1997 (pre-crisis) households could be classified as chronically poor (6.14 percent), transient poor (-) (6.31 percent), transient poor (+) (10.58 percent) and never poor (76.96 percent). However, during 1997-2000 (crisis), the probability of being transient poor (-) had jumped drastically from 5 percent (pre-crisis) to 14 percent (during the crisis). In the post crisis period, roughly 86 percent of the previously poor households could move out of poverty. This study also confirmed that the probability of being poor in the next period highly depends on past experiences with poverty. Moreover, reducing probability of being chronically poor by about half from 4.6 percent to 2.2 percent needs almost fifteen years. Furthermore, our estimations using the ordered logit model confirm that determinants of poverty dynamics include educational attainment, size of the household, share of education expenditure, distance to public transportation, ownership of livestock and liquid assets, and the impact suffered from earthquakes.
Anaemia in Nigerian Men with Prostate Cancer

Background: Prostate cancer causes significant morbidity and mortality among African men. Anaemia is a known association of cancer patients. Aim: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for anaemia in prostate cancer (CaP) patients in Nigeria. Method: A prospective study of prostate cancer patients and matched healthy controls, clinical data were obtained and samples were taken for Haemoglobin estimation. Data analysed using EPI Info, version 6.0 . Result: A total of 128 men were recruited for the study, 88 men with histologically proven prostate cancer and 40 otherwise healthy male controls. The mean haemoglobin for the cancer patients’ population was 10.79 ± 2.20g/dl and 13.59± 2.02g/dl in controls (p=0.001). Thirty four patients (38.64%) had anaemia. There was a statistically significant reduction in the haemoglobin levels of the patients with metastasis, compared with those with localized disease, (p=0.001). Increased number of co-morbidities in the patients significantly affected the haemoglobin level (p=0.001). A significant negative linear correlation was found between the haemoglobin and performance status of the cases using Pearson’s 2-tailed correlation (r = -0.427, p= 0.001). There was also a negative linear correlation between the haemoglobin level at time of entry and the PSA level at first presentation (r = – 0.404, p= 0.001). Haemoglobin was significantly lower in hospitalized patients (p=0.001) and those with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRCP) who were on Docetaxel (p=0.01]. Conclusion: A significant proportion of CaP patients in this study were anaemic. Anaemia was worse in patient with other co-morbidities, castration-resistant CaP and metastatic disease. It is necessary to investigate for, prevent and treat causes of anaemia in CaP.
Three forms of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Antarctic waters

This paper provides field descriptions and biological observations of three different forms of killer whale (Orcinus orca) that occur in Antarctica based on field observations and a review of available photographs. Identifications were based on the relative size and orientation of the white eyepatch and the presence or absence of a dorsal cape. Type A (presumably the nominate form) has a medium-sized eyepatch oriented parallel to the body axis, no dorsal cape, it occurs mainly off-shore in ice-free water, has a circumpolar distribution and apparently preys mainly upon Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis). Type B also has an eyepatch oriented parallel to the body axis, but the eyepatch is at least twice as large as in Type A, it has a dorsal cape, mainly inhabits inshore waters, regularly occurs in pack-ice, is distributed around the continent and is regularly sighted in the Antarctic Peninsula area. Although it may also prey upon Antarctic minke whales and possibly humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), seals seem to be the most important prey item. Type C has a small, forward-slanted eyepatch, a dorsal cape, inhabits inshore waters and lives mainly in the pack-ice; it occurs mostly off East Antarctica, and to date it has been recorded feeding only on Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni). Type C appears to be referable to Orcinus glacialis as described by Berzin and Vladimirov (1983). Although similar ecological specialisations have been reported for sympatric killer whale populations in the Northeast Pacific (i.e. an inshore mammal-eater, an inshore fish-eater and an offshore form), the extent of morphological divergence, habitat segregation and, perhaps, reproductive isolation, appears to be more pronounced among Antarctic populations. Although under a Biological Species Concept these forms appear to warrant separate species status, it will be important to show that this interpretation is consistent with results of molecular genetic analyses and additional morphological studies.
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of 9-Hexacosene and Stigmasterol isolated from Mondia whytei

The aim of the study was to ascertain the analgesic properties of Mondia whytei roots and to isolate and characterize the active constituents. Bioactivity guided fractionation of the chloroform root extract yielded stigmasterol and 9-hexacosene. Stigmasterol (15 mg/kg) and 9-hexacosene (30 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited chemical nociception induced by intraperitoneal acetic acid. Stigmasterol (7.5, 15, 30 and 100 mg/kg) dose dependently reduced the time spent in pain behavior in both the early and late phases of the formalin test. 9-hexacosene dose dependently caused significant (p<0.001) antinociceptive effect on the late phase of the formalin test. Co-administration of naloxone failed to antagonize the analgesic activity of stigmasterol and 9-hexacosene in the formalin test. We concluded that both stigmasterol and 9-hexacosene possess potential analgesic effects which are most likely mediated by their anti-inflammatory activities rather than through opioid receptor system.
Forms of host-country national learning for enhanced MNC absorptive capacity

Purpose – To identify factors that impede the absorption of management knowledge imported into transition countries, using Belarus as a case, in order to increase efficiency of knowledge transfer. Design/methodology/approach – The findings are based on three sources: the extensive analysis of the academic literature; the results of a detailed survey and interviews; and personal observations and impressions gained by the authors during almost ten years of participation in technical assistance programmes for Belarus universities financed by the British Council. Findings – The study reveals a combination of factors rooted in linguistics, culture, training and ambience that prevent knowledge transfer from fully achieving its objectives as a modernization tool insofar as knowledge gets distorted or missing during the transfer process. Practical implications – The proposed solution is to intensify the knowledge transfer even further through increasing its interactive component by providing channels for direct interaction between educators in the newly independent states and the West. Originality/value – This paper introduces new original data, provides an analysis of an important practical issue and offers a feasible solution to this issue.
Market Power and Price Informativeness

Large institutional investors dominate asset ownership worldwide, raising questions about their impact on the functioning and efficiency of financial markets. In this paper, we develop a general equilibrium theory to study the distributional effects of asset ownership for price informativeness when investors (oligopolists) have price impact and can learn about individual assets' payoffs. We find that price informativeness is non-monotonic in the oligopolists' aggregate size, decreasing in the sector's concentration, and in the size of the passive oligopolistic sector, the last effect arising jointly due to a decrease in aggregate information capacity and an amplification through an endogenous learning response. We decompose the determinants of price informativeness into (i) a learning channel and (ii) an information pass-through channel and show that the pass-through channel is a primary driver of the size results while both channels contribute to the concentration result.
Improving resilience to nutritional shocks

Shocks and Malnutrition Although undernutrition is trending downward globally, 165 million children in low-income countries were stunted (that is, had low height for age) in 2011; others suffered from deficiencies in micronutrients. Overall, undernutrition contributed to 3.1 million deaths in 2011 (Black et al. 2013). This burden reflects underlying conditions of poverty, limited access to health and sanitation, and insufficient time and information for adequate childcare. In addition to being consequences of these protracted obstacles, malnutrition rates are also heightened by climatic, political, and economic shocks. For example, drought and civil unrest (independently as well as jointly) contributed to increased stunting in Zimbabwe, and subsequently this stunting led to reduced schooling (Alderman, Hoddinott, and Kinsey 2006). Moreover, even a modest rain shortfall, far less dramatic than those that generate international attention, may result in reduced linear growth and schooling (Maccini and Yang 2009). Nor are these negative outcomes confined to conflictand drought-affected economies; the incidence of low birth weight increased with the economic contraction in Argentina in 2001–2002, with both contraction of gross domestic product and reduced health expenditures per capita independently explaining this outcome (Cruces, Gluzmann, and Lopez Calvo 2012).
Games as a Platform for Student Participation in Authentic Scientific Research.

This paper presents results from the design and testing of an educational version of Quantum Moves, a Scientific Discovery Game that allows players to help solve authentic scientific challenges in the effort to develop a quantum computer. The primary aim of developing a game-based platform for student-research collaboration is to investigate if and how this type of game concept can strengthen authentic experimental practice and the creation of new knowledge in science education. Researchers and game developers tested the game in three separate high school classes (Class 1, 2, and 3). The tests were documented using video observations of students playing the game, qualitative interviews, and qualitative and quantitative questionnaires. The focus of the tests has been to study players' motivation and their experience of learning through participation in authentic scientific inquiry. In questionnaires conducted in the two first test classes students found that the aspects of doing “real scientific research” and solving physics problems were the more interesting aspects of playing the game. However, designing a game that facilitates professional research collaboration while simultaneously introducing quantum physics to high school students proved to be a challenge. A collaborative learning design was implemented in Class 3, where students were given expert roles such as experimental and theoretical physicists. This significantly improved the students’ feeling of learning physics compared to Class 1 and 2. Overall the results presented in this paper indicate that the possibility of participating in authentic scientific experiments, which this class of games opens, is highly motivating for students. The findings also show that the learning design in the class setting must be considered in order to improve the students’ experience of learning and that various design challenges remain to be addressed even further.
Beyond shading: Litter production by neighbors contributes to overyielding in tropical trees

The influence of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning is now well established. However, our ability to predict the ecological consequences of biodiversity changes remains limited by our poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying biodiversity effects. We disentangled the contributions of light competition and residual neighborhood interactions in a 10-year-old biodiversity experiment with tropical trees that display overyielding, i.e., higher community-level yields in mixtures compared with monocultures. We developed models of individual tree growth that partition the effects of neighboring trees into shading and residual effects assumed to reflect primarily belowground interactions. These models reject the hypothesis that reduced light competition in mixtures is the only mechanism driving overyielding. After factoring out the effects of shading, litter production by neighbors was a far better predictor of tree growth than traditional crowding indices; it contributed to overyielding by producing pair.
Redox controls on methane formation, migration and fate in shallow aquifers

Abstract. Development of unconventional energy resources such as shale gas and coalbed methane has generated some public concern with regard to the protection of groundwater and surface water resources from leakage of stray gas from the deep subsurface. In terms of environmental impact to and risk assessment of shallow groundwater resources, the ultimate challenge is to distinguish (a) natural in situ production of biogenic methane, (b) biogenic or thermogenic methane migration into shallow aquifers due to natural causes, and (c) thermogenic methane migration from deep sources due to human activities associated with the exploitation of conventional or unconventional oil and gas resources. This study combines aqueous and gas (dissolved and free) geochemical and isotope data from 372 groundwater samples obtained from 186 monitoring wells of the provincial Groundwater Observation Well Network (GOWN) in Alberta (Canada), a province with a long record of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon exploration. We investigated whether methane occurring in shallow groundwater formed in situ, or whether it migrated into the shallow aquifers from elsewhere in the stratigraphic column. It was found that methane is ubiquitous in groundwater in Alberta and is predominantly of biogenic origin. The highest concentrations of biogenic methane (> 0.01 mM or > 0.2 mg L−1), characterized by δ13CCH4 values −54 ‰, potentially suggesting a thermogenic origin, but aqueous and isotope geochemistry data revealed that the elevated δ13CCH4 values were caused by microbial oxidation of biogenic methane or post-sampling degradation of low CH4 content samples rather than migration of deep thermogenic gas. A significant number of samples (39.2 %) contained methane with predominantly biogenic C isotope ratios (δ13CCH4
Assessment of Quality of Life and Severity of Itching Pre and Post Doxepin Therapy in Dialysis Patients with Pruritus

Article history: Received on: 01/12/2016 Accepted on: 23/05/2017 Available online: 30/11/2017 Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated pruritus is a significant clinical symptom affecting more than 50% of patients on hemodialysis. The main aim of this study was to assess the effects of doxepin treatment on the quality of life of pruritic patients. Material and methods: This prospective-interventional study was carried out for a period of 6 months in dialysis unit of Department of Nephrology in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Chennai. Both inpatients and outpatients of both sexes ≥ 18 years on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for more than 3 months with pruritus were included for the study. A total number of 39 dialysis patients with pruritus were recruited for the study. Patients were evaluated at the beginning of the study and at the end of 2 weeks of each study period. The severity, duration, degree, direction, disability and distribution of itch were evaluated using 5Dpruritus scale. The quality of life of patients was assessed using DLQI questionnaire (Dermatology Life Quality Index). Results: There was an improvement in quality of life of patients with pruritus after doxepin therapy. Conclusion: Doxepin is a better therapy for itching and improving the quality of life in dialysis patients. Clinicians should enquire about skin irritation and itching during consultations since patients may be reluctant to admit to these symptoms due to embarrassment.