Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A salutogenic perspective to oral health : sense of coherence as a determinant of oral and general health behaviours, and oral health-related quality of life

Dental diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease could well be seen as being behaviourrelated. The high prevalence of periodontal disease in the Finnish adult population mirrors the need for improving oral health behaviours in a comprehensive manner. Thus far, scant attention has been drawn to the underlying psycho-social factors that could, in part, explain oral health and oral health behaviours. Deficiencies in oral health behaviour may also be indicative of an individual's poor health behaviour in general. The aim of this study was to introduce the salutogenic approach, called sense of coherence, into the domain of oral health and health behaviour. The present study uses data from the nationally representative Health 2000 survey carried out in 2000–2001 by the National Public Health Institute of Finland. The subjects of this study numbered 4175 in article I, 4131 in article II, 4039 in article III, and 4096 in article IV, and were 30to 64-yearold dentate men and women. The cross-sectional data was collected via home interviews, selfadministered questionnaires, or clinical examinations. Sense of coherence was positively associated with oral health behaviours, such as dental attendance and tooth-brushing frequency. In addition to tooth-brushing frequency, sense of coherence was also positively associated with the level of oral hygiene. The association between sense of coherence and level of oral hygiene weakened only marginally after controlling for tooth-brushing frequency. A strong sense of coherence was strongly associated with a positive oral health-related quality of life (OHIP). Sense of coherence was also associated with all of the OHIP sub-scales, and the association was most evident in the psychological discomfort, psychological disability and handicap sub-scales. Among males, health behaviours seemed multidimensional, whereas they tended to be unidimensional among females. A strong sense of coherence was a common determinant of healthy behaviours in general, as well as of a good subjective health status. The present study recognizes the sense of coherence as a common health-promoting determinant of oral and general health behaviours, good oral health, and a good oral health-related quality of life. The results thus suggest that the role of psycho-social factors should not be underestimated in health promotion.
Inhibition of Phospholipase D by Amphiphysins*

Two distinct proteins inhibiting phospholipase D (PLD) activity in rat brain cytosol were previously purified and identified as synaptojanin and AP180, which are specific to nerve terminals and associate with the clathrin coat. Two additional PLD-inhibitory proteins have now been purified and identified as the amphiphysins I and II, which forms a heterodimer that also associates with the clathrin coat. Bacterially expressed recombinant amphiphysins inhibited both PLD1 and PLD2 isozymes in vitro with a potency similar to that of brain amphiphysin (median inhibitory concentration of ∼15 nm). Expressions of either amphiphysin in COS-7 cells reduced activity of endogenous PLD as well as exogenously expressed PLD1 and PLD2. Coprecipitation experiments suggested that the inhibitory effect of amphiphysins results from their direct interaction with PLDs. The NH2 terminus of amphiphysin I was critical for both inhibition of and binding to PLD. Phosphatidic acid formed by signal-induced PLD is thought to be required for the assembly of clathrin-coated vesicles during endocytosis. Thus, the inhibition of PLD by amphiphysins, synaptojanin, and AP180 might play an important role in synaptic vesicle trafficking.
A Post-Assembly Magnetization Method of Direct-Start Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors and Its Finite-Element Analysis of Transient Magnetic Field

A novel post-assembly magnetization method of direct-start interior permanent magnet synchronous motor is presented. The squirrel cages in the rotor are ingeniously used as exciting coils for the realization of magnetization. The advantage is that no special magnetizing fixtures are required. A finite-element method, which addresses dynamic material properties of the magnets and yet can be implemented readily in the software, is presented for finding the parameters of the magnetization circuit. A numerical computation is reported to validate the proposed method.
Inventory of alien and cryptogenic species of the Dodecanese (Aegean Sea, Greece): collaboration through COST action training school

The Dodecanese region has a high prevalence of marine alien species due to its close proximity to the Suez Canal and associated Suez shipping lanes, as well as its location at biogeographical border between sub-tropical and tropical biota. This region is therefore very important for the early detection of alien species entering the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal and it is imperative that monitoring of alien species is continued in order to assess the levels of biological invasion. We present results of marine alien surveys, carried out in April 2014 on the island of Rodos. Surveys were performed by a team of marine taxonomic experts and students as part of an EU wide training school, coordinated by the COST Action TD1209 “Alien Challenge”. A variety of survey methods were employed to cover a number of coastal habitats. These included: rapid assessment surveys of epibiota on artificial structures in harbours, rapid assessment snorkelling surveys of biota on sublittoral bedrock, and quantified fishing surveys (both boat-seine and trammel net fishing methods). A total of 33 alien and cryptogenic species were recorded across all the survey techniques. Of these species, 9 represented first records for Rodos: the foraminiferan Amphisorus hemprichii, the polychaetes Branchiomma bairdi, Dorvillea similis, Hydroides dirampha and Pseudonereis anomala, the molluscs Aplysia parvula, Chama pacifica and Septifer cumingii, and the bryozoan Hippopodina feegeensis. Of note the record of the Lessepsian invader Dorvillea similis represents the second record in the Mediterranean Sea. Alien fish species represented a small but notable proportion of the diversity, biomass and number of individuals in fishing catch of both fishing methods. All alien fish species observed were already known to be present in Rodos. The addition of species firstly recorded in this study brings the total number of marine alien and cryptogenic species in the Dodecanese region up to 129 species. The vast majority of these alien species have entered unaided via the Suez Canal, but an increasing number have been introduced through hull fouling or ballast water transfer from shipping. The results highlight the value of conducting marine alien surveys with teams of a diverse range of taxonomic expertise, both in its scientific output and student training.
Effects of stock attributes, market structure, and tick size on the speed of spread and depth adjustment #

Liquidity providers on the NYSE make faster quote adjustments toward optimal spreads and depths than they do on NASDAQ. Both NYSE specialists and NASDAQ dealers make faster spread and depth adjustments for stocks with more frequent trading, greater return volatility, higher prices, and smaller trade sizes. We find that stocks with greater information-based trading and in more competitive trading environments exhibit faster quote adjustments toward optimal spreads and depths. The speed of quote adjustment is faster after decimalization in both markets. These results are robust and not driven by differences in stock attributes between the two markets or time periods. We interpret these results as evidence that segmented dealer markets and large tick sizes slow liquidity providers’ quote adjustments to new information.
Cardiac tamponade in the "new device" era: evaluation of 6999 consecutive percutaneous coronary interventions.

BACKGROUND The incidence of cardiac perforation and pericardial tamponade appears to be increasing in the era of new coronary interventional devices compared with coronary balloon angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS We reviewed 6999 consecutive percutaneous coronary interventions performed during 1994 to 1996 in a single urban university hospital catheterization laboratory. Data had been collected prospectively as part of an ongoing quality assurance program. Fifteen patients had cardiac tamponade within 36 hours of the procedure. Only 6 of these occurred during the interventional procedure; the others occurred 2 to 36 hours later. The median patient age was 72 years. Nine (60%) patients were female. Three patients received abciximab. Five perforations were at the target coronary artery site, 3 were caused by a guide wire tip in the distal part of the target artery, and 7 represented right ventricular perforations caused by a temporary pacemaker wire. Five of the 7 right ventricular perforations occurred during rotational atherectomy procedures. Diagnosis was aided by immediate echocardiography. Treatment was medical, including pericardiocentesis, in 6 cases. The other 9 patients required surgical drainage and repair. All patients survived the index hospitalization. At 18-month follow-up, 1 patient had died, and all others were without apparent sequelae. CONCLUSIONS Tamponade after percutaneous coronary intervention is not rare in the "new device" era (overall incidence 0.2%); tamponade after percutaneous coronary intervention is often delayed and may occur outside the catheterization suite; patients are more likely to be female and elderly; immediate echocardiography is an essential aid to diagnosis and prompt treatment; and the use of temporary right ventricular pacing catheters must be reexamined.
Passive electrotonic properties of rat hippocampal CA3 interneurones

1 The linear membrane responses of CA3 interneurones were determined with the use of whole‐cell patch recording methods. The mean input resistance (RN) for all cells in this study was 526 ± 16 MΩ and the slowest membrane time constant (τ0) was 73 ± 3 ms. 2 The three‐dimensional morphology of 63 biocytin‐labelled neurones was used to construct compartmental models. Specific membrane resistivity (Rm) and specific membrane capacitance (Cm) were estimated by fitting the linear membrane response. Acceptable fits were obtained for 24 CA3 interneurones. The mean Rmwas 61.9 ± 34.2 Ω cm2 and the mean Cm was 0.9 ± 0.3 μF cm−2. Intracellular resistance (Ri) could not be resolved in this study. 3 Examination of voltage attenuation revealed a significantly low synaptic efficiency from most dendritic synaptic input locations to the soma. 4 Simulations of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were analysed at both the site of synaptic input and at the soma. There was little variability in the depolarization at the soma from synaptic inputs placed at different locations along the dendritic tree. The EPSP amplitude at the site of synaptic input was progressively larger with distance from the soma, consistent with a progressive increase in input impedance. 5 The ‘iso‐efficiency’ of spatially different synaptic inputs arose from two opposing factors: an increase in EPSP amplitude at the synapse with distance from the soma was opposed by a nearly equivalent increase in voltage attenuation. These simulations suggest that, in these particular neurones, the amplitude of EPSPs measured at the soma will not be significantly affected by the location of synaptic inputs.
Horizon Biases in Multi-Year Management Forecasts: Evidence from U.S. and European Private Companies

We study whether and why managers' forecasts of revenues, expenses and net income depend on the length of the forecasting horizon. Since public companies rarely divulge their multi-year projections to outside investors, we use the one- to five-year-ahead forecasts disclosed by private U.S. and European firms to VentureOne, a leading provider of data to venture funds. We find that U.S.—but not European—managers' forecasts of net income are substantially upward biased and increase by the forecast horizon. However, we conclude that these biases do not come solely from irrational/behavioral optimism. Specifically, we show that while the five-year-ahead forecasts made by U.S. managers are reliably overstated by an average of 126% (revenues) and 40% (expenses), one-year-ahead forecasts are reliably understated by 15% (revenues) and 29% (expenses). We conjecture that the asymmetries arise because U.S. managers strategically distort their forecasts so as to increase the probability of securing venture funding at a high valuation. By understating their true expectations of short-term expenses and revenues, managers present venture investors with a favorable view of their current cash burn but also emphasize their need for new capital that will create higher revenues. By overstating their true expectations of long- term revenues and profits, managers aim to increase the probability of benefiting from imperfections in the venture capital market that prevent investors from fully unraveling their strategically distorted forecasts.
Integration of Dynamic Pricing with Guard Channel Scheme for Uniform and Non-uniform Cellular Network Traffic

Guard channel scheme (GCS) plays a significant role in providing the desired quality of service (QoS) in cellular networks. The GCS scheme, which mainly focused on the tradeoff between new call blocking probability and handoff call blocking probability cannot solve the problem of congestion in cellular networks. In this paper, we propose an integration of dynamic pricing with guard channel scheme in order to alleviate the problem of congestion, where the price is adjusted dynamically based on the current network conditions. This is the main objective. The second objective, is to investigate the difference between uniform and non-uniform traffic conditions for cellular network and to compare the performance of our approach with the corresponding results of GCS, where pricing is not involved
Breastfeeding promotion: effect of an educational program in Brazil.

An educational program for mothers was carried out at the Maternity of the State University of Campinas Hospital (MUH) in order to increase the duration of breastfeeding. The purpose was to inform patients about the advantages of breastfeeding and to teach them how to solve simple problems that occur during nursing. 200 women from the MUH participated in interviews and in educational talks while another 200 women from a different maternity served as a control group. A significantly larger proportion of women in the experimental group were breastfeeding at each month age of the child. The influence of the program was more marked among older women those with less education and those with older partners. (authors)
CLINICAL SUPERVISION, BURNOUT, AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG MENTAL HEALTH AND PSYCHIATRIC NURSES IN FINLAND

This paper presents the findings from a survey of Finnish mental health and psychiatric nurses. The aim of the study was to describe and evaluate the current state of clinical supervision, and ascertain the levels of burnout and job satisfaction experienced by these health care professionals. Clinical supervision was found beneficial for mental health and psychiatric health care professionals in terms of their job satisfaction and levels of stress. The findings seem to demonstrate that efficient clinical supervision is related to lower burnout, and inefficient supervision to increasing job dissatisfaction.
Lifetime reproductive and financial performance of female swine.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate reproductive and financial performance for commercial swine herds grouped on the basis of pattern of removal of female swine. DESIGN Cohort study. SAMPLE POPULATION 25 swine herds. PROCEDURES Lifetime reproductive productivity was summarized as number of pigs weaned per herd day per mated female and as number of herd days per pig weaned per mated female. Factors associated with these 2 measures were determined by use of linear regression. Financial data from a commercial database were used to estimate maximum number of parities at removal associated with profitability. Sensitivity analysis was used to simulate how variations in daily maintenance cost and value per weaned pig would influence profitability. RESULTS Mean number of pigs weaned per herd day per mated female was 0.054; mean number of herd days per pig weaned per mated female was 20.2. Both these measures were associated with proportion of nonproductive days during herd life, preweaning mortality rate per litter weaned, mean lifetime number of pigs born alive per litter weaned, and mean lifetime lactation duration. Maximum parity at time of removal associated with profitability ranged from 5 to 8. Daily maintenance costs per female had a greater impact on lifetime profitability than did value per weaned pig. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that lifetime reproductive and financial performance is optimized among swine herds that have higher proportions of high-parity females.
Folate metabolic pathway single nucleotide polymorphisms: a predictive pharmacogenetic marker of methotrexate response in Indian (Asian) patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

AIM We evaluated the pharmacogenetic influence of genetic polymorphisms in folate pathway genes in Indian rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving methotrexate (MTX). PATIENTS & METHODS Twelve polymorphisms within nine folate pathway genes were analyzed for association with MTX response in 322 Indian rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and MTX pharmacokinetics in 94 RA patients. RESULTS Polymorphisms in GGH, SHMT1 and TS were associated with MTX-related adverse events while SNPs in MTHFR and RFC1/SLC19A1 were associated with MTX efficacy. TS5'UTR and SHMT1 polymorphisms were associated with higher plasma levels of MTX. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms in folate-MTX pathway genes contribute to MTX response and affect MTX concentrations in Indian RA patients. A toxicogenetic index could identify patients who develop adverse events to MTX.
A clinical database of breast cancer patients reveals distinctive clinico-pathological characteristics: a study from central China.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in females worldwide. Many differences exist in clinico-pathological characteristics of breast cancer patients between China and Western countries. This study aimed to analyze clinico-pathological characteristics of breast cancer from central China. METHODS Clinico- pathological information on breast cancer from three hospitals in central China was collected and analyzed. RESULTS From 1994 to 2012, 2,525 patients with a median age 50 years were included in this study. The 45-49-year age group and invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified accounted for the highest proportions (19.1%, 480/2,525 and 81.0%, 1,982/2,446). Stages 0-I, II and III accounted for 28.0% (682/2,441), 48.4% (1,180/2,441), and 23.7% (578/2,441), respectively. Distribution of N stage showed that N0 accounted for 53.2% (1,344/2,525), and proportion of N0 rose from 51.1% (157/307) in 30-39-year age group to 64.3% (110/171) in ≥ 70-year age group, with an average increase of 2.1% in each age group. Modified radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy, breast-conserving surgery and simple mastectomy were performed for 71.8% (1,812/2,525), 18.0% (454/2,525), 5.2% (131/2,525) and 2.6% (66/2,525), respectively. Proportions of breast-conserving surgery in age ≤ 44-year group (68/132, 51.5%) and simple mastectomy in age ≥ 60-year group (57/89, 64.0%) were higher than in the other age groups. Breast cancers positive for estrogen receptor accounted for 53.0% (1,107/ 2,112). The comparisons among this study and other reports showed higher proportion of younger patients, lower proportion of breast- conserving surgery and positive estrogen receptor patients in China than western countries. CONCLUSIONS Clinico-pathological characteristics in this study demonstrated clear differences between the center of China than Western countries. Additional classification systems should be developed to guide grading of early breast cancer more accurately, especially for N0 patients. Invasive ductal carcinoma is a focus for intensive research.
On the Possibility of Credit Rationing in the Stiglitz-Weiss Model

Contrary to what is consistently assumed in the literature, the return function cannot be hump-shaped in the Stiglitz-Weiss (1981) model. This has important consequences for the possible occurrence of credit rationing and redlining. With a single class of borrowers, banks offer credit in two stages. Demand possibly exceeds supply in stage one, but not in stage two. With several observationally distinguishable borrower classes, the firms in a borrower class are redlined only under circumstances which imply that they would not get credit in a perfect capital market either. Die Rendite-Funktion kann im Stiglitz-Weiss- (1981) Modell nicht - so wie das in der Literatur durchgangig angenommen wird - hugelformig sein. Das hat wichtige Implikationen fur die Moglichkeit von Kreditrationierung einerseits und fur die Moglichkeit des Ausschlusses ganzer Kreditnehmergruppen vom Kapitalmarkt andererseits. Mit nur einer Klasse von Kreditnehmern erfolgt die Kreditvergabe in zwei Stufen. Wahrend auf der ersten Stufe eine Ubernachfrage vorliegen kann, herrscht auf der zweiten Stufe Marktraumung. Bei mehreren unterscheidbaren Kreditnehmerklassen wird eine Klasse nur unter den Bedingungen vom Kreditmarkt ausgeschlossen, bei deren Vorliegen sie auch in einem vollkommenen Kreditmarkt keinen Kredit erhalten wurde.
Who Knows Their Partner's HIV Status? Results From a Nationally Representative Survey in Uganda

Objective:We examine the extent to which Ugandans accurately know their HIV status and that of their partners. Methods:The 2011 Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey (UAIS) was a nationally representative study of 15–59 year olds that tested 21,366 individuals for HIV. We compared self-reported HIV status with UAIS-determined HIV status for respondents. We were able to link 3285 couples in the survey, and in this group, we compared the reported HIV status of partners with that determined by UAIS. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with inaccurate knowledge of HIV status. Results:An estimated 55.8% of adult Ugandans reported having had an HIV test. Of 1495 HIV-infected Ugandans, 59.1% were unaware of their HIV infection. Among 3285 linked couples in this analysis, 273 couples (8.3%) had at least 1 infected partner, with 96 couples (2.9%) having both members infected and the remaining 177 couples (5.4%) being HIV discordant. This meant that 369 persons in the linked couple group had an HIV-infected partner. One hundred ten (29.8%) of this group knew that their partner was HIV infected. In multiple logistic regression analysis, accurately knowing that ones partner was HIV infected was strongly associated with couple HIV testing [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2 to 8.4] and reporting oneself to be HIV positive versus reporting HIV negative (AOR: 7.3, 95% CI: 3.8 to 14.3) or HIV status unknown (AOR: 30.6, 95% CI: 3.8 to 263.4). Conclusions:Respondents may be reporting the HIV status of their partners based on their own HIV status. Campaigns to inform people about the prevalence of serodiscordance in conjunction with further promotion of couple counseling may help increase the proportion of Ugandans who know their own HIV status and that of their partners.
Withdrawing life-sustaining therapy for patients with severe traumatic brain injury

See related research article by Turgeon and colleagues on page [1581][1] and at [www.cmaj. ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.101786][2] Uncertainty in prognosis makes the practice of medicine difficult, particularly near the end of life. [1][3] This difficulty is compounded by a lack of evidence to guide