Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Levels of Stress among Secondary School Teachers and its Implication on Students’ Academic Performance in Kenya: A Case Study of Kakamega North Sub County

Stress is part and parcel of living. The fact that one is living implies that he is experiencing some amount of stress. This means that stress affects performance. It is on this basis that models have been developed to measure levels of stress among employees. This study sought to investigate the levels of stress among public secondary school teachers and its implication on students’ academic performance in Kakamega North Sub-county, Kenya. This study employed the descriptive survey research method which aimed at establishing the levels of stress among teachers who use longitudinal approach in teaching. The study population consisted of 45 principals, 133 teachers and 1 Teachers Service Commission County Director from 45 public secondary schools that used longitudinal approach to teaching. Fisher’s formula (Mugenda & Mugenda, 2003) was used to determine the sample size of teachers. Holmes and Rahe’s model was adapted and used in data collection, besides interviews. Descriptive statistics in form of frequency counts, percentages and mean were used in data analysis. The study established that 6.06% of the teachers recorded low levels of stress, 37.37% recorded moderate levels of stress and 56.57% recorded high levels of stress. These results implied that students’ performance in the sub-county may be low because only 37.37% recorded moderate stress levels that are associated with better performance. Low and high stress levels are bound to lead to low productivity. The study recommended that school managers and administrators should device techniques of creating and maintaining optimal stress levels among teachers for purposes of improving and maintaining students’ academic performance.
ARE PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS THE SOLUTION TO IRELAND'S INFRASTRUCTURE DEFICIT?

The central question addressed by this paper, are PPPs the solution to Ireland's infrastructure deficit. It examines issues surrounding the PPP process for the proposed €3 billion Dublin Metro currently at the procurement stage. The paper reviews the varying degrees that private sector capital can be utilised to produce services that are traditionally provided by the public sector. It analyses the various advantages and disadvantages that the PPP approach offers and examines possible future PPP projects in Ireland. The paper concludes that PPPs do offer a solution to the infrastructure deficit in Ireland, but only with sustained commitment at the policy and administrative levels, while proposing that the Irish Government PPP investment targets should be increased from 15% to 25%.
The relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management

This study examines the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship intensity and five specific strategic management practices in a sample of 169 U.S. manufacturing firms. The five strategic management practices include: scanning intensity, planning flexibility, planning horizon, locus of planning, and control attributes. The results of the study indicated a positive relationship between corporate entrepreneurship intensity and scanning intensity, planning flexibility, locus of planning, and strategic controls. The fine-grained nature of these results may be of practical use to firms that are trying to become more entrepreneurial and may help researchers better understand the subtleties of the interface between strategic management and corporate entrepreneurship. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE MARKET VALUE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION; EVIDENCE FROM EUROPEAN PATENTS

This paper contributes to literature by giving more precise measures to technological innovation in order to estimate its economic value and assess its impact on the financial performance of companies in Europe. Focus is given to European patent system which is different from the American one. Financial and innovation data are collected during 1990-2012, for 599 companies belonging to 15 industries. According to market value approach, the relationship between market-to-book ratio and knowledge assets is proved to be positive andsignificant. Innovation is more valuable when it contributes to wider knowledge transfer, haslarger geographical and technological scopes and radical character.
Distributional effects of the EU-Ukraine DCFTA: a CGE household micro- simulation model

In 2012, the EU and Ukraine initialled the Association Agreement (AA), including the deep and comprehensive free trade agreement (DCFTA) between the parties. The scope of the DCFTA is extensive. The agreement will establish duty-free trade for industrial products, significantly liberalize trade in agriculture and services, and result in major approximation of Ukraine’s national legislation to the EU acquis in variety of spheres including TBT/SPS, competition policy, state aid, and public procurement. Simulations conducted by Movchan & Shportyuk (2011), IER (2011) using the single-country computable general equilibrium (CGE) model show that Ukraine’s long-run welfare gains associated with the establishment of the DCFTA could be between 4% and 11% depending on the depth of regulatory approximation. Complementing the previous research, this study focuses on distributional effects of the EU-Ukraine DCFTA, analysing the impact on Ukraine’s households with different levels of income (poor versus non-poor), living in different areas (urban versus rural), having different size and educational level. The study employs Ukraine’s CGE model featuring Dixit–Stiglitz endogenous productivity effects in imperfectly competitive goods sectors. The study follows a micro-simulation approach applied by Rutherford &Tarr (2007) and Cockburn, Corong & Cororaton (2010), integrating a CGE model with data on households derived from the national household budget surveys.
Threat and norms: The context of union behavior When believing in the union is (not) enough: The role of threat and norms in intentions to act on union legitimacy and efficacy beliefs Authors:

Three field studies conducted with academics and students examined the dynamic role of threat and normative support for a union in qualifying the relationship between union-related legitimacy and efficacy beliefs, and union intentions.There was evidence for interplay between threat and norms in facilitating people acting in accordance with their union beliefs, and in providing the conditions where those with weaker beliefs may be mobilized. In Study 1, students’ perception of threat to group interests facilitated their preparedness to act on pro-union legitimacy and efficacy beliefs. In Study 2, among academics who perceived low threat, acting on union legitimacy and efficacy beliefs was contingent on a pro-union norm, while those who perceived high threat were prepared to act on their union legitimacy beliefs regardless of the normative environment. Finally, in Study 3, a pro-union norm again facilitated acting on union beliefs in a low threat condition and overcame the importance of legitimacy and efficacy beliefs in a high threat condition. In sum, this research makes a case for the importance of union strategies attending to both the framing of intergroup threat and the communication of ingroup normative support for the union.
Interaction of callus selection media and stress duration for in vitro selection of drought tolerant callus of wheat

Callus culture is a novel approach addressing cultured cells as selection units independent of whole plant. Natural variations for drought tolerance existing among cell lines can be exploited in vitro in the presence of suitable concentration of osmoticum and stress duration. The study was aimed to standardized callus selection media and culture duration to select drought tolerant cell line (callus) of wheat. Calli were induced from immature embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) based medium supplemented with 4 mg/L of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Proliferated calli were cultured on various callus selection medias (MS based media + 30 g/L sucrose + 6 g/L agar + 4 mg/L 2,4-D + various levels of polyethylene glycol-600 (PEG-6000) induced osmotic stress including -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 or -1.2 MPa along with control, that is, 0.0 MPa) for two, three or four weeks. Callus health, callus growth rate, callus survival (%) and regeneration (%) declined significantly on media supplemented with higher levels of PEG-6000 induced osmotic stress and with increasing stress duration. Not a single callus could survive nor regenerate on selection media comprising PEG-6000 induced osmotic stress of -1.2 MPa imposed for four weeks. The highest callus growth rate (CGR) was recorded on PEG-6000 free media when calli were cultured for four weeks (-7.32%) on the media supplemented with PEG-6000 induced osmotic stress of -1.2 MPa. Callus selection media comprising PEG-6000 which induced osmotic stress of -0.9 MPa for four weeks was found selective and sub-lethal for wheat calli with 8.63% CGR, 26.62% callus survival and 21.50% regeneration; and seemed ideal for screening drought tolerant somaclonal cell lines of wheat.
“I had no idea this shame piece was in me”: Couple and family therapists’ experience with learning an evidence-based practice

Abstract This study reports on the experience of shame while learning an evidence-based approach to working with couples or families. Couple and family therapists were interviewed about their experience with learning and using an evidence-based practice (EBP) and the data was analyzed using a phenomenological approach called interpretative phenomenological analysis. The theme of shame emerged from a number of research participants as part of their development with the EBP they were integrating into their practice. Starting with an exploration of the participants’ experiences and the impact of shame, the paper will then link these experiences with the psychological and sociological research literature about shame.
A Candidate Tidal Disruption Event in a Quasar at z = 2.359 from Abundance Ratio Variability

A small fraction of quasars show an unusually high nitrogen-to-carbon ratio (N/C) in their spectra. These “nitrogen-rich” (N-rich) quasars are a long-standing puzzle because their interstellar medium implies stellar populations with abnormally high metallicities. It has recently been proposed that N-rich quasars may result from tidal disruption events (TDEs) of stars by supermassive black holes. The rapid enhancement of nitrogen and the depletion of carbon due to the carbon–nitrogen–oxygen cycle in supersolar mass stars could naturally produce high N/C. However, the TDE hypothesis predicts that the N/C should change with time, which has never hitherto been observed. Here we report the discovery of the first N-rich quasar with rapid N/C variability that could be caused by a TDE. Two spectra separated by 1.7 years (rest-frame) show that the N iii] λ1750/C iii] λ1909 intensity ratio decayed by ∼86% ± 14% (1σ). Optical (rest-frame UV) light-curve and X-ray observations are qualitatively consistent with the TDE hypothesis; though, the time baseline falls short of a definitive proof. Putting the single-object discovery into context, statistical analyses of the ∼80 known N-rich quasars with high-quality archival spectra show evidence (at a 5σ significance level) of a decrease in N/C on timescales of >1 year (rest-frame) and a constant level of ionization (indicated by the C iii] λ1909/C iv λ1549 intensity ratio). If confirmed, our results demonstrate the method of identifying TDE candidates in quasars via abundance ratio variability, opening a new window of TDE observations at high redshift (z > 2) with upcoming large-scale time-domain spectroscopic surveys.
Persistency of lactation using random regression models and different fixed regression modeling approaches

Milk yield test-day records on the first three lactations of 25,500 Holstein cows were used to estimate genetic parameters and predict breeding values for nine measures of persistency and 305-d milk yield in a random regression animal model using two criteria to define the fixed regression. Legendre polynomials of fourth and fifth orders were used to model the fixed and random regressions of lactation curves. The fixed regressions were adjusted for average milk yield on populations (single) or subpopulations (multiple) formed by cows that calved at the same age and in the same season. Akaike Information (AIC) and Bayesian Information (BIC) criteria indicated that models with multiple regression lactation curves had the best fit to test-day milk records of first lactations, while models with a single regression curve had the best fit for the second and third lactations. Heritability and genetic correlation estimates between persistency and milk yield differed significantly depending on the lactation order and the measures of persistency used. These parameters did not differ significantly depending on the criteria used for defining the fixed regressions for lactation curves. In general, the heritability estimates were higher for first (0.07 to 0.43), followed by the second (0.08 to 0.21) and third (0.04 to 0.10) lactation. The rank of sires resulting from the processes of genetic evaluation for milk yield or persistency using random regression models differed according to the criteria used for determining the fixed regression of lactation curve.
Raman Spectroscopic Study of As-Deposited and Exfoliated Defected Graphene Grown on (001) Si Substrates by CVD

We present here results on a Raman spectroscopic study of the deposited defected graphene on Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition (thermal decomposition of acetone). The graphene films are not deposited on the (001) Si substrate directly but on two types of interlayers of mixed phases unintentionally deposited on the substrates: а diamond-like carbon (designated here as DLC) and amorphous carbon (designated here as αC) are dominated ones. The performed thorough Raman spectroscopic study of as-deposited as well as exfoliated specimens by two different techniques using different excitation wavelengths (488, 514, and 613 nm) as well as polarized Raman spectroscopy establishes that the composition of the designated DLC layers varies with depth: the initial layers on the Si substrate consist of DLC, nanodiamond species, and C70 fullerenes while the upper ones are dominated by DLC with an occasional presence of C70 fullerenes. The αC interlayer is dominated by turbostratic graphite and contains a larger quantity of C70 than the DLC-designated interlayers. The results of polarized and unpolarized Raman spectroscopic studies of as-grown and exfoliated graphene films tend to assume that single- to three-layered defected graphene is deposited on the interlayers. It can be concluded that the observed slight upshift of the 2D band as well as the broadening of 2D band should be related to the strain and doping.
Prevalence of enteropathogens of zoonotic significance in fish and fish products from Ludhiana

Bacteriological examination of 23 raw fresh water fish and 8 fish pakoda samples revealed incidence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter agglomerans and unidentified gram negative bacilli in 9.6, 3.2, 19.3, 6.4, 6.4, 9.6, 3.2 and 9.6% samples, respectively. Three E. coli isolates belonging to serotypes O: 8 (2) and O: 106 (1) were detected and the only Salmonella isolate was serotyped as Salmonella typhimurium. All the 21 isolates of various enteropathogens were tested for enterotoxigenicity by rabbit illeal loop method and skin permeability factor assay, which demonstrated that 38.0% of the isolates were enterotoxigenic. Enterotoxigenic response observed in S. typhimurium, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis was 100.0, 66.6, 66.6 and 50.0 per cent, respectively. Majority of these bacteria are important from human health point of view due to their pathogenicity and direct association with the onset of diarrhea in man.
A new aspinothoracid arthrodire from the Late Devonian of Ohio, U.S.A.

The Cleveland Shale fauna represents a unique view of the time after a major Devonian extinction event (Frasnian–Famenian) with the recovery of arthrodires (Placodermi) best represented by this most specious North American fauna. This time was followed by an additional event (Hangenberg Biocrisis) leading to the extinction of arthrodires (and all other placoderms). An understanding of the diversity and interrelationships of North American arthrodires can aid our understanding of this critical time in vertebrate evolution. A new aspinothoracid arthrodire Hlavinichthys jacksoni gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Late Devonian of northern Ohio, U.S.A. , which adds to our knowledge of this group. It provides a point of comparison to other members of the fauna whose interrelationships are poorly known. A phylogenetic analysis supports an assignment of Hlavinichthys jacksoni gen. et sp. nov. among the aspinothoracid arthrodires. This work has drawn attention to the continued need for descriptive and phylogenetic analyses of this unique fauna. Decades old species descriptions need revision along with preparation and description of new taxa. The work on Hlavinichthys jacksoni gen. et sp. nov. here is one step in that process.
Self-efficacy and Job Satisfaction as Correlates to Turnover Intentions among Secondary School Teachers in Mbarara District

Turnover intention was related with self efficacy and job satisfaction among secondary school teachers. Independent samples t-test, Chi-square, Pearson Correlation Analysis, Regression analysis; and Kruskal Wallis test showed that: teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction depend on personal characteristics including sex, age, religious affiliation, marital status, and teaching work experience. The study also revealed that self-efficacy and job satisfaction are correlates to turnover intentions among secondary school teachers while school context self-efficacy predict turnover intentions among teachers. Thus, self-efficacy and job satisfaction should be harnessed to eliminate turnover as a challenge to the teaching profession.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PEAK OXYGEN UPTAKE AND PERFORMANCE ON THE WINGATE ANAEROBIC TEST IN 12-YEAR-OLDS

This study examined 12-year-olds' physical activity (PA) patterns and investigated relationships between habitual PA and either peak V02 or Wingate anaerobic test performance. Subjects were 60 boys and 63 girls. PA was estimated from continuous heart rate (HR) monitoring over 3 schooldays. Criterion measures were % time and 5, 10 and 20 min peri­ ods with HR >139 bpm (moderate activity) and >159 bpm (vigorous ac­ tivity). Boys spent a significantly higher % time than girls with HR >139 bpm (7.9% vs 6.5%, p < 0.05) and >159 bpm (3.7% vs 2.5%, p < 0.001). Boys recorded significantly more 5, 10 and 20 min sustained periods above each of the thresholds than girls (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Five minute periods of moderate physical activity were relatively common but longer periods of sustained moderate or vigorous activity were not characteristic of either sex. No significant correlations (p > 0.05) between PA and either aerobic or anaerobic exercise variables in boys (r = -0.127 to 0.160) or girls (r = -0.017 to 0.041) were detected. The lack of rela­ tionship between habitual PA and aerobic and anaerobic performance reflects the fact that few young people experience PA of the intensity, duration and frequency likely to improve aerobic or anaerobic perform­
Proximate Composition, Protein Quality and Oil Composition in Seeds of Columnar Cacti from the Sonoran Desert

Abstract Fruits of columnar cacti are an important food resource from the arid lands of Mexico. However, little is known about their nutritional value. In this paper, seeds of five species of columnar cacti from the Sonoran desert were studied to determine their protein and oil composition. The studied species were: Pachycereus pringlei, Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum, Carnegiea gigantea, Stenocereus thurberi and Stenocereus gummosus. Protein content varied from 20.3 to 22.0% among species. These proteins showed a high content of sulfur containing amino acids but were low in lysine. In vitro digestibility ranged from 77 to 86% among species and increased with the thermal treatment. Protein from P. pringlei was assessed in vivo and showed PER values of 2.8% and digestibility of 91.6%. Oil content ranged from 28.4 to 30.7% among species. Most oils showed a high degree of unsaturation. Linoleic (50–53%) and oleic (35–37%) acid were the most important fatty acids present in all oils. The results are compared with other studies on the seeds of columnar cacti. Future studies aimed at evaluating the nutritional value of the fruits are discussed.
Liking Some Things (in Some People) more than Others: Partner Preferences in Romantic Relationships and Friendships

The present investigation examined the degree to which various characteristics are desired in five types of relational partners. Men and women (N = 700) indicated their preferences for several attributes in either a casual sex partner, dating partner, marriage partner, same-sex friend, or opposite-sex friend (randomly assigned). Participants also indicated how important it was to obtain a partner with the desired level of each attribute. Although participants most preferred warmth and kindness, expressivity and openness, and a good sense of humor across relationship types, they clearly distinguished between romantic/sexual relationships and friendships. Specifically, participants preferred (and felt that it was more important to obtain) higher levels of many desirable characteristics - including physical attractiveness, social status attributes, and disposition or personality traits (e.g., warmth, expressiveness, humor, intelligence) - in a romantic/sexual partner than in a friend. Participants also differentiated between same-sex and opposite-sex friend- ships. In general, they preferred higher levels of and/or believed it was more important to obtain physical attractive- ness, social status, and dispositional/personality attributes from opposite-sex friends than from same-sex friends. To at least some degree, men's preferences were associated with the number of others they believed were available for a particular type of relationship; women's preferences generally were associated with perceptions of their own desirability as a partner.
Non-native teachers’ rating criteria for L2 speaking: Does a rater training program make a difference?

Inconsistent rating seems to emanate largely from the application of different rating criteria. It follows that rater training programs may bring about higher rating consistency. This study aimed to explore non-native EFL teachers’ rating criteria for L2 learners’ speaking performance and to measure the impact of a rater training program on raters’ rating criteria. As many as 28 EFL teachers rated 10 monologs both before and subsequent to a rater training program and specified the criteria they applied in their ratings. The findings show they specified 10 common rating criteria, ranging from fluency to communicative effectiveness. However, they reconsidered the significance of a few criteria after the program. While there was a sharp decline in the significance given to the rate of speech and affective variables, the training program led to 1 Corresponding author at: Allameh Tabataba’i University E-mail Address: zia_tajeddin@yahoo.com TELL, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2011 Non-native teachers’ rating criteria for L2 speaking 126 the rising importance of fluency, comprehension, and organization. The results reveal that the traditional skillsand-components-based perspective on language proficiency makes teachers lose sight of macro-level, higher-order components like fluency and organization. To conclude, the effective rating of language skills needs to be embedded in teacher education programs.