Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does pre-operative chemoradiation for initially unresectable or borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma increase post-operative morbidity? A case-matched analysis.

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for locally unresectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer may allow some patients to a undergo a resection, but whether or not this increases post-operative morbidity remains unclear. METHODS The post-operative morbidity of 29 patients with initially locally unresectable/borderline pancreatic cancer who underwent a resection were compared with 29 patients with initially resectable tumours matched for age, gender, the presence of comorbidities (yes/no), American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score, tumour location (head/body-tail), procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy/distal pancreatectomy) and vascular resection (yes /no). Wilcoxon's signed ranks test was used for continuous variables and McNemar's chi-square test for categorical variables. RESULTS Compared with patients with initially resectable tumours, patients who underwent a resection after pre-operative chemoradiation therapy had similar rates of overall post-operative complications (55% versus 41%, P = 0.42), major complications (21% versus 21%, P = 1), pancreatic leaks and fistulae (7% versus 10%, P = 1) and mortality (0% versus 1.7%, P = 1). CONCLUSION Although some previous studies have suggested differences in post-operative morbidity after chemoradiation, our case-matched analysis did not find statistical differences in surgical morbidity and mortality associated with pre-operative chemoradiation therapy.
Election Laws, Disproportionality and Median Correspondence: Implications for Two Visions of Democracy

Comparative studies of election rules and legislative representation have focused intensively on voteâ€“seat disproportionality as an indication of poor representation. Beginning with citizens' preferences, rather than votes, has important advantages and is especially more appropriate for a majoritarian vision of democracy. We analyse the effect of election rules on both voteâ€“seat correspondence and median leftâ€“right correspondence in seventy elections in seventeen countries. We show theoretically the stringent conditions necessary to reduce voteâ€“seat disproportionality in high threshold systems and empirically their high variance (and higher levels) of distortion. Although good median correspondence could be created, in theory, under a wide range of electoral systems, our empirical results suggest that proportional representation (PR) systems tend to outperform single-member district (SMD) systems by this criterion also.
A loss of functional spinal alpha motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

We obtained motor unit number estimates (MUNEs) of the hypothenar and the extensor digitorum brevis muscles in ALS patients by our new technique. One year after symptom onset, the MUNEs had decreased to ±30% of normal. Accordingly, we suggest that 70% of functional spinal alpha motor neurons are lost in the first post-onset year in ALS.
Neural factors in the maintenance of lactation in the rat.

The role of the peripheral innervation of mammary tissue in the maintenance of lactation has been investigated by the procedure of selective thelectomy combined with denervation of the posterior thoracic nipples. When suckling is restricted to a single pair of nipples bilateral transection of the three adjacent nerves supplying a nipple arrests lactation completely; partial denervation is associated with a reduced level of lactational performance which is directly related to the concentration of the residual innervation. Increase in litter size is associated with an overall increase in milk-yield up to a limit beyond which the addition of further young to the litter is without effect. It is inferred that there is a quantitative relationship between the neural stimulus of suckling and the endocrine response of the hypothalamopituitary system.
Conservative treatment of pancreatic necrosis with suggestive signs of infection.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease in clini-cal practice. The treatment of the mild forms of AP is nor-mally easy and effective. Nevertheless, the treatment of se-vere AP is generally associated with prolonged periods ofintensive care hospitalization, high costs, and elevated mor-bidity and mortality rates. Fortunately, this last form oc-curs in only 10% to 20% of the patients.
The Powers of Pure Reason: Kant and the Idea of Cosmic Philosophy

The Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's First Critique - is one of the most studied texts in intellectual history, but as Alfredo Ferrarin points out in this radically original book, most of that study has focused only on very select parts. Likewise, Kant's oeuvre as a whole has been compartmentalized, the three Critiques held in rigid isolation from one another. Working against the standard reading of Kant that such compartmentalization has produced, The Powers of Pure Reason explores forgotten parts of the First Critique in order to find an exciting, new, and ultimately central set of concerns by which to read all of Kant's works. Ferrarin blows the dust off of two egregiously overlooked sections of the First Critique - the Transcendental Dialectic and the Doctrine of Method. There he discovers what he argues is the Critique's greatest achievement: a conception of the unity of reason and an exploration of the powers it has to reach beyond itself and legislate over the world. With this in mind, Ferrarin dismantles the common vision of Kant as a philosopher writing separately on epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics and natural teleology, showing that the three Critiques are united by this underlying theme: the autonomy and teleology of reason, its power and ends. The result is a refreshing new view of Kant, and of reason itself.
Towards shareholders' value: an analysis of sustainability reports

Purpose – Sustainability reports have become a new trend in corporate reporting. The purpose of this paper is to: evaluate the content of sustainability reports published by international companies; define trend changes in reporting; and assess the extent to which sustainability reporting can contribute to shareholder value by evaluating their usefulness for shareholders. In particular, the paper looks for the answers to the following questions: Is information published in reports sufficient for shareholders? How do they evaluate the quality of the published reports? Has the complexity of reports increased in recent years? What important information should sustainability reports also include? Design/methodology/approach – The study applied the method of expert opinion assessment. The analysis of the documentation covered the reports published by multinational organizations in 2005 and 2010. The assessment was performed by independent experts‐shareholders. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards and met.
Pharmacological treatment optimization for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Proposals from the Société de Pneumologie de Langue Française Optimisation du traitement médicamenteux des patients atteints de bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive en état stable

a EA Ingres, département de pneumologie, université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France b UPRES EA 220, département des maladies des voies respiratoires, hôpital Foch, université Versailles-Saint-Quentin, 92150 Suresnes, France c Service de pneumologie, UPEC, université Paris-Est, UMR S955, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France d Service de pneumologie et réanimation médicale, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix, Inserm, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMRS 1158, 75013 Paris, France e Service de pneumologie, hôpital Cochin, AP—HP, EA2511, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
Discriminating between homodimeric and monomeric proteins in the crystalline state

Scores calculated from intermolecular contacts of proteins in the crystalline state are used to differentiate monomeric and homodimeric proteins, by classification into two categories separated by a cut‐off score value. The generalized classification error is estimated by using bootstrap re‐sampling on a nonredundant set of 172 water‐soluble proteins whose prevalent quaternary state in solution is known to be either monomeric or homodimeric. A statistical potential, based on atom‐pair frequencies across interfaces observed with homodimers, is found to yield an error rate of 12.5%. This indicates a small but significant improvement over the measure of solvent accessible surface area buried in the contact interface, which achieves an error rate of 15.4%. A further modification of the latter parameter relating the two most extensive contacts of the crystal results in an even lower error rate of 11.1%. Proteins 2000;41:47–57. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Level of Retrieval Success on Recall-Related Frontal and Medial Temporal Lobe Activations

Brain dedicated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used to compare the neuroactivation produced by the cued recall of response words in a set of studied word pairs with that produced by the cued retrieval of words semantically related to unstudied stimulus words. Six of the 12 subjects scanned were extensively trained so as to have good memory of the studied pairs and the remaining six were minimally trained so as to have poor memory. When comparing episodic with semantic retrieval, the well-trained subjects showed significant left medial temporal lobe activation, which was also significantly greater than that shown by the poorly trained subjects, who failed to show significant medial temporal lobe activation. In contrast, the poorly trained subjects showed significant bilateral frontal lobe activation, which was significantly greater than that shown by the well-trained subjects who failed to show significant frontal lobe activation. The frontal activations occurred mainly in the dorsolateral region, but extended into the ventrolateral and, to a lesser extent, the frontal polar regions. It is argued that whereas the medial temporal lobe activation increased as the proportion of response words successfully recalled increased, the bilateral frontal lobe activation increased in proportion to retrieval effort, which was greater when learning had been less good.
ULK1 inhibits mTORC1 signaling, promotes multisite Raptor phosphorylation and hinders substrate binding

Protein synthesis and autophagy work as two opposing processes to control cell growth in response to nutrient supply. The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, which acts as a master regulator to control protein synthesis, has recently been shown to inhibit autophagy by phosphorylating and inactivating ULK1, an autophagy regulatory protein. ULK1 also inhibits phosphorylation of a mTORC1 substrate, S6K1, indicating that a complex signaling interplay exists between mTORC1 and ULK1. Here, we demonstrate that ULK1 induces multisite phosphorylation of Raptor in vivo and in vitro. Using phospho-specific antibodies we identify Ser855 and Ser859 as being strongly phosphorylated by ULK1, with moderate phosphorylation of Ser792 also observed. Interestingly, ULK1 overexpression also increases phosphorylation of Raptor Ser863 and the mTOR autophosphorylation site, Ser2481 in a mTORC1-dependent manner. Despite this evidence for heightened mTORC1 kinase activity following ULK1 overexpresssion, mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4E-BP1 is significantly inhibited. ULK1 expression has no effect on protein-protein interactions between the components of mTORC1, but does reduce the ability of Raptor to bind to the substrate 4E-BP1. Furthermore, shRNA knockdown of ULK1 leads to increased phosphorylation of mTORC1 substrates and decreased phosphorylation of Raptor at Ser859 and Ser792. We propose a new mechanism whereby ULK1 contributes to mTORC1 inhibition through hindrance of substrate docking to Raptor. This is a novel negative feedback loop that occurs upon activation of autophagy to maintain mTORC1 inhibition when nutrient supplies are limiting.
Influence of Noise-Generating Factors on Cross-Correlation Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) Measurement of Geometrically Necessary Dislocations (GNDs)

Abstract Studies of dislocation density evolution are fundamental to improved understanding in various areas of deformation mechanics. Recent advances in cross-correlation techniques, applied to electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data have particularly shed light on geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) behavior. However, the framework is relatively computationally expensive—patterns are typically saved from the EBSD scan and analyzed offline. A better understanding of the impact of EBSD pattern degradation, such as binning, compression, and various forms of noise, is vital to enable optimization of rapid and low-cost GND analysis. This paper tackles the problem by setting up a set of simulated patterns that mimic real patterns corresponding to a known GND field. The patterns are subsequently degraded in terms of resolution and noise, and the GND densities calculated from the degraded patterns using cross-correlation ESBD are compared with the known values. Some confirmation of validity of the computational degradation of patterns by considering real pattern degradation is also undertaken. The results demonstrate that the EBSD technique is not particularly sensitive to lower levels of binning and image compression, but the precision is sensitive to Poisson-type noise. Some insight is also gained concerning effects of mixed patterns at a grain boundary on measured GND content.
The Genetic Structure of American Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster.

ILD populations of Drosophila lend themselves admirably to genetic W analysis. It is not surprising, therefore, that out of the growing interest of geneticists during the past 15 years in the genetics of natural populations there has come a large amount of literature pertaining to the genetic structure of wild Drosophila populations and to the evolutionary implications of this structure. Particularly notable are the studies of DUBININ and collaborators on D. melanogaster populations in the southwestern USSR; of DOBZHANSKY and WRIGHT and their collaborators on western American populations of D. pseudoobscura; and of SPENCER and co-workers on D. hydei, D. immigrans, and D. virilis and its relatives, in this country. The literature from these and other related studies has been reviewed and discussed particularly by DOB-
Probability of osteoporotic vertebral fractures assessment based on DXA measurements and finite element simulation

Osteoporotic vertebral fractures represent major cause of disability, loss of quality of life and even mortality among the elderly population. Decisions on drug therapy are based on the assessment of risk factors for fracture, from bone mineral density measurements. The combination of biomechanical models with clinical studies could better estimate bone strength and support the specialists in their decision. A model to assess the probability of fracture, based on the Damage and Fracture Mechanics has been developed, evaluating the mechanical magnitudes involved in the fracture process from clinical bone mineral density measurements. The model is intended for simulating the degenerative process in the skeleton, with the consequent lost of bone mass and hence the decrease of its mechanical resistance which enables the fracture due to different traumatisms. Clinical studies were chosen, both in non-treatment conditions and receiving drug therapy, and fitted to specific patients according their actual bone mineral density measures. The predictive model is applied in a finite element simulation of the lumbar spine. The fracture zone would be determined according loading scenario (fall, impact, accidental loads, etc.), using the mechanical properties of bone obtained from the evolutionary model corresponding to the considered time. Bone mineral density evolution in untreated patients and in those under different treatments was analyzed. Evolutionary curves of fracture probability were obtained from the evolution of mechanical damage. The evolutionary curve of the untreated group of patients presented a marked increase of the fracture probability, while the curves of patients under drug treatment showed variable decreased risks, depending on the therapy type. The finite element model allowed obtaining detailed maps of damage and fracture probability, identifying high-risk local zones at vertebral body, which are the usual localization of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. The developed model is suitable for being used in individualized cases. The model might better identify at-risk individuals in early stages of osteoporosis and might be helpful for treatment decisions.
Edentulism and oral health problems among elderly rural Iowans: the Iowa 65+ rural health study.

A household health interview survey of 3,673 noninstitutionalized people aged 65 and over in two rural Iowa counties included questions about loss of teeth, use of dentures, and presence of oral health problems. Edentulism rates were 10-15 per cent lower than those found a decade earlier in national health surveys. A log-linear analysis found that the best demographic predictors of edentulism were education, age, and marital status. Spouses tended to be of similar dentition status, i.e., both edentulous or both dentate. No association was found between the loss of teeth and prevalence of digestive problems. Only 7 per cent of the edentulous people felt they needed to visit a dentist, even though 70 per cent had not seen one for over five years. About 40 per cent had dentures that were over 20 years old, with half of these being over 30 years old. Many dentures were loose and causing soreness in the mouth or difficulty in eating. These elderly people appeared to expect some problems with dentures and oral pain and accepted them without feeling a need to seek treatment.
Complete amino acid sequence and glycosylation sites of glycoprotein gp71A of Friend murine leukemia virus.

The complete amino acid sequence of glycoprotein gp71A of Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) is presented. The protein moiety of gp71A was digested with Staphylococcus aureus (SV8) protease, trypsin, and thermolysin. The sequences of the peptides were determined by the micro dansyl Edman procedure. gp71A is composed of 445 amino acid residues and contains eight oligosaccharide side chains, which are attached exclusively to asparagine by N-glycosyl bonds primarily in the COOH-terminal half of the polypeptide. gp71A is rich in proline (49 residues), tryptophan (16 residues), and cysteine (19 residues). Proline has the highest molar content (11%) of all amino acids. The prolines cluster in two segments. The most interesting one stretches between residue 233 and residue 283 and contains 18 prolines within 51 amino acids. This proline-rich domain most likely forms a flexible polyproline helix. The comparison of gp70 of Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV gp70) with F-MuLV gp71A revealed that 70 amino acids have been exchanged and 9 residues have been deleted from Mo-MuLV gp70. The most striking alterations have taken place within the large polyproline segment (residues 247 to 281). In this part of the molecule 7 amino acids have been deleted in Mo-MuLV and 18 residues have been replaced. This evidence supports the proposal of Shinnick et al. [Shinnick, T. M. , Lerner, R. A. & Sutcliffe, J. G. (1981) Nature (London) 293, 543-548] that this area is a "hot spot" for recombination.
Supply Chain Risk Management: Literature Review and Future Research

Supply chain risk management has increasingly becoming a more popular research area recently. Various papers, with differentfocus and approaches, have been published since a few years ago. This paper aims to survey supply chain risk management (SCRM) literature. Paper published in relevant journals from 2000 to 2007 are analysed and classified into five categories: conceptual, descriptive, empirical, exploratory cross-sectional, and exploratory longitudinal. We also looked at the papers in terms of the types of risks, the unit of analysis, the industry sectors, and the risk management process or strategies addressed. The literature review will provide the basis for outlining future research opportunities in this field.
Anna Freud: The Hampstead War Nurseries and the role of the direct observation of children for psychoanalysis

The psychoanalytic tradition of direct observation of children has a long history, going back to the early 20th century, when psychoanalysis and the emerging field of ‘child studies’ came into fruitful contact in Freud's Vienna. As a leading figure in the attempted integration of direct observation with the new psychoanalytic knowledge emerging from the consulting room, Anna Freud played a crucial role in the emergence of this field. But her major contribution to the theory and practice of observing children came during the Second World War, when she founded the Hampstead War Nurseries. The author describes in detail this important period of Anna Freud's career, and discusses the impact it had on later work. He explores the theoretical contribution that Anna Freud made in the post‐war years to the debate about the place of direct observation in psychoanalysis, and concludes that Anna Freud's ‘double approach’ (direct observation plus analytic reconstruction) still has a great deal to offer as a method of both psychoanalytic research and education.
TRICHOMONIASIS AMONG ANTENATAL ATTENDEES IN A TERTIARY HEALTH FACILITY , ABEOKUTA , NIGERIA

The prevalence of trichomoniasis was carried out among ante-natal attendees at the State Hospital Ijaiye Abeokuta. 200 pregnant women systematically selected were examined. Vaginal swab were collected with sterile swab stick and urine samples were collected into universal container from each respondent of age 16 to 50 years and parasitological examination carried out. Results showed that (19.5%) 39 out of 200 had infection. Highest prevalence was seen among age group (21-25) and the least among age groups (41-45) and (46-50). 1-3 months stage of pregnancy has the highest prevalence of 12.19% for both samples and the least among 7-9months having 6.38% prevalence. Primigravid had higher prevalence of 31-25% than multigravid having 9.67% in both samples. The occupational related prevalence showed that traders have the highest prevalence of (15.38 %) HVS samples (14.28 %) for urine samples and both HVS and urine samples while the least prevalence (0 %) was seen among the students for urine samples and both HVS and urine samples and (6.25%) among the civil servants for HVS samples.
Solar‐simulated Ultraviolet Irradiation Induces Selective Influx of CD4+ T Lymphocytes in Normal Human Skin

Abstract— The proportion and composition of the human cutaneous CD3+ T lymphocyte population was determined in situ following a single exposure to physiological, erythema‐inducing doses of simulated solar radiation, mainly consisting of UV radiation. Biopsies were taken 1, 2 and 7 days after local irradiation of normal volunteers with 1,2 and 4 MED by a xenonarc lamp and immunohistochemistry was performed on cryostat sections. Ultraviolet radiation caused an initial decrease of intraepidermal CD3+ T‐cell numbers or even could lead to T‐cell depletion 24 and 48 h postirradiation, and this was followed by an infiltration of T cells in the epidermis as determined 1 week after UV exposure. The number of dermal CD3+ T ceDs was increased 24 h after irradiation, reached a maximum at 48 h and subsequently declined at day 7, though remained significantly higher than the unirradiated control Double staining demonstrated that the CD3+ T cells, which immigrated into the (epi)dermis upon UV exposure, coexpressed CD4 but not CD8. Therefore the CD4/CD8 ratio in skin was markedly increased during the first week upon UV exposure. Our time course study shows that UV radiation affects die T‐cell population within human skin by depleting the majority of epidermal T cells and initiating a selective influx of CD4+ T cells.