Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The phosphorylation state of neuronal processes determines growth cone formation after neuronal injury

Growth cones are essential for neuronal pathfinding during embryonic development and again after injury, when they aid in neuronal regeneration. This study was aimed at investigating the role of kinases in the earliest events in neuronal regeneration, namely, the formation of new growth cones from injured neuronal processes. Neurites of identified snail neurons grown in vitro were severed, and the formation of growth cones was observed from the ends of such transected processes. Under control conditions, all neurites formed a new growth cone within 45 min of transection. In contrast, growth cone formation in the presence of a general kinase inhibitor, K252a, was significantly inhibited. Moreover, decreasing the phosphorylation state of neurites by activating protein phosphatases with C2‐ceramide also reduced growth cone formation. Pharmacological analysis with specific kinase inhibitors suggested that targets of protein kinase C (PKC) and tyrosine kinase (PTK) phosphorylation control growth cone formation. Inhibition of PKC with calphostin C and cerebroside completely blocked growth cone formation, whereas the inhibition of PTK with erbstatin analog significantly reduced growth cone formation. In contrast, inhibitors of protein kinase A, protein kinase G, CaM‐kinase II, myosin light‐chain kinase, Rho kinase, and PI‐3 kinase had little or no effect 45 min after transection. These results suggest that the transformation underlying the formation of a growth cone from an injured (transected) neurite stump is highly sensitive to the phosphorylation state of key target proteins. Therefore, injury‐induced signaling events will determine the outcome of neuronal regeneration through their action on kinase and phosphatase activities. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preliminary Data on the Interaction between Some Biometals and Oxidative Stress Status in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Patients

Increased interest regarding the biometal mechanisms of action and the pathways in which they have regulatory roles was lately observed. Particularly, it was shown that biometal homeostasis dysregulation may lead to neurodegeneration including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, or prion protein disease, since important molecular signaling mechanisms in brain functions implicate both oxidative stress and redox active biometals. Oxidative stress could be a result of a breakdown in metal-ion homeostasis which leads to abnormal metal protein chelation. In our previous work, we reported a strong correlation between Alzheimer's disease and oxidative stress. Consequently, the aim of the present work was to evaluate some of the biometals' levels (magnesium, manganese, and iron), the specific activity of some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase), and a common lipid peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde concentration), in mild cognitive impairment (n = 15) and Alzheimer's disease (n = 15) patients, compared to age-matched healthy subjects (n = 15). We found increased lipid peroxidation effects, low antioxidant defense, low magnesium and iron concentrations, and high manganese levels in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease patients, in a gradual manner. These data could be relevant for future association studies regarding the prediction of Alzheimer's disease development risk or circling through stages by analyzing both active redox metals, oxidative stress markers, and the correlations in between.
iRest yoga-nidra on the college campus: changes in stress, depression, worry, and mindfulness.

OBJECTIVES There is evidence that yoga practice is associated with decreased stress, worry, and depression, and with improved mindfulness-based skills. These findings had not been previously replicated for a sample of college students. This study evaluated whether iRest yoga-nidra practice was associated with reduced perceived stress, worry, and depression, and increased mindfulness in a sample of college student s. METHODS Sixty-six students age 18-56 completed an 8-week iRest yoga-nidra intervention that was offered for 8 semesters. Assessment occurred 1 week prior to intervention onset and during the class period following the intervention. Qualitative data were collected at Weeks 4 and 8. RESULTS Statistically significant pre- to posttest improvements in perceived stress, worry, and depression were found. Pre-existing depression accounted for most of the change in worry and perceived stress scores. Pre- to post test improvements in mindfulness-based skills were also detected. CONCLUSIONS iRest yoga-nidra practice may reduce symptoms of perceived stress, worry, and depression and increase mindfulness-based skills.
Functional analysis of JAK3 mutations in transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia accompanying Down syndrome

JAK3 mutations have been reported in transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) as well as in acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia of Down syndrome (DS‐AMKL). However, functional consequences of the JAK3 mutations in TMD patients remain undetermined. To further understand how JAK3 mutations are involved in the development and/or progression of leukaemia in Down syndrome, additional TMD patients and the DS‐AMKL cell line MGS were screened for JAK3 mutations, and we examined whether each JAK3 mutation is an activating mutation. JAK3 mutations were not detected in 10 TMD samples that had not previously been studied. Together with our previous report we detected JAK3 mutations in one in 11 TMD patients. Furthermore, this study showed for the first time that a TMD patient‐derived JAK3 mutation (JAK3I87T), as well as two novel JAK3 mutations (JAK3Q501H and JAK3R657Q) identified in an MGS cell line, were activating mutations. Treatment of MGS cells and Ba/F3 cells expressing the JAK3 mutants with JAK3 inhibitors significantly decreased their growth and viability. These results suggest that the JAK3 activating mutation is an early event during leukaemogenesis in Down syndrome, and they provide proof‐of‐principle evidence that JAK3 inhibitors would have therapeutic effects on TMD and DS‐AMKL patients carrying activating JAK3 mutations.
Effects of Corporate Governance and Capital Structure on Firms’ Performance: Evidence from Major Sectors of Pakistan

This study aims to examine the effects of corporate governance and capital structure on firm’s performance. Panel pooled regression method were applied on annual data of two major sectors: automobile & fertilizers from 2006 to 2016. Findings show that board size have positive relationship & audit committee has negative relationship with profitability of automobile sector and vice versa for fertilizers sector. Capital structure is measured by current ratio, debt to equity, short term & long term debt whereas profitability is measured by ROA and ROE. Positive relation of current ratio and profitability of both sectors is observed and the negative relationship of debt to equity of both the sectors has been observed whereas short and long-term debt has no significant relationship in fertil- izers sector. The results should be of great importance to investors, creditors, financial analysts and academicians especially after global financial crisis and collapses of giant organizations worldwide.
Isoflurane Preconditioning Reduces the Rat NR8383 Macrophage Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon &ggr;

Background:Isoflurane exposure before an insult can reduce the insult-induced injury in various organs. This phenomenon is called isoflurane preconditioning. The authors hypothesize that isoflurane can precondition macrophages, cells that travel to all tissues and are important in the host defense and inflammation responses. Methods:Rat NR8383 macrophages were pretreated with or without 1–3% isoflurane for 1 h at 30 min before they were incubated with or without 100 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide plus 50 U/ml interferon &ggr; for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Flow cytometry was performed after cells were stained with annexin V and propidium iodide. Inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression in macrophages was quantified by Western blotting. Results:Lipopolysaccharide plus interferon &ggr; decreased cell viability by approximately 50%. This decrease was dose-dependently inhibited by aminoguanidine, an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Lipopolysaccharide plus interferon &ggr; caused inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. This expression was inhibited by pretreatment with 2% but not 1% or 3% isoflurane. Isoflurane at 2% inhibited lipopolysaccharide plus interferon &ggr;–induced accumulation of nitrite, an oxidation product of nitric oxide. Pretreatment with 2% but not 1% or 3% isoflurane improved cell viability. Lipopolysaccharide plus interferon &ggr; increased the number of propidium iodide–positive staining cells. This increase was attenuated by 2% isoflurane pretreatment. The protective effect of 2% isoflurane was abolished by chelerythrine, calphostin C, or bisindolylmaleimide IX, protein kinase C inhibitors. Conclusions:Lipopolysaccharide plus interferon &ggr; causes an inducible nitric oxide synthase–dependent macrophage injury. Isoflurane induces preconditioning effects that may be mediated by protein kinase C in macrophages.
Protease and elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: inactivation of human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor

The present study indicates that crystalline elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a very potent inactivator of human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, the enzyme (E) inactivated the inhibitor (I) almost completely within 1 h at 25 degrees C at a molar ratio of E/I = 1:100. The crystalline P. aeruginosa protease also inactivated the inhibitor, but 100-fold less. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor inactivated by the elastase and protease showed decreases in molecular weight of approximately 5,000 and 10,000, respectively. Regeneration of trypsin was negligible even when bovine trypsin-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex (E/I = 1.0) was treated with the elastase. The affinity of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor to trypsin was much higher than that to elastase. It was suggested that, assuming the pseudomonal proteases are produced and can inactivate alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in vivo during pseudomonal diseases, the loss of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor activity may permit the endogenous serine proteases to cause tissue destruction.
Analysing effects of trade liberalization on household expenditure with an extended version of the GTAP model: The case of Mexico

The analysis of expenditures for different household categories in developing countries within a CGE framework is a helpful instrument for economists and policy makers. This approach allows researchers to focus on the possible effects that macroeconomic changes and trade reforms might have on household categories. This paper presents a new household expenditure estimation methodology and an application of a complete household demand system to be integrated into the GTAP model. The complete demand system regarded in this approach is the one proposed by DEATON and MUELLBAUER (1980) the Almost Ideal Demand System in its linear version (LAIDS). The LAIDS contains a set of demand functions defining how commodities are allocated by households in function of prices and household preferences. The integration of household categories into the GTAP model is envisaged by the integration of elasticities coming from the LAIDS. The data used in this study to analyse commodity acquisition behaviour of ten household categories are from the 2002-2005 National Household Income and Expenditures (ENIGH) conducted by National Institute of Statistical Geography and Informatics (INEGI) in Mexico. JEL: F14, F17, H31, R20 Keywords: household analysis, LAIDS, demand system, Mexico, GTAP
Incidence, pattern and timing of brain metastases among patients with advanced breast cancer treated with trastuzumab

We aim to investigate the incidence, patterns and timing of brain metastases in advanced breast cancer patients who have previously received trastuzumab. Eighty-seven patients who had received trastuzumab for advanced breast cancer from November 1999 to September 2003 at the Royal Marsden Hospital were assessed. With a median follow-up period of 11 months from commencing trastuzumab, 23 patients developed brain metastases (30% at 1 year; 95% CI 58–82%). Among 57 patients who had clinical benefits on trastuzumab, 12 (21%) patients developed first disease progression in brain with 75% of them had isolated CNS progression. Moreover, among patients who received trastuzumab as first line treatment, isolated brain metastases were the initial site of progression in 17% patients. Nearly all patients developed parenchymal brain disease. This study shows brain metastases are common phenomenon in HER2 positive advanced breast cancer patients receiving trastuzumab and also may implicate the brain as a sanctuary site for early relapse in this patient cohort.
Running Stride Peak Forces Inversely Determine Running Economy in Elite Runners

Støren, Ø, Helgerud, J, and Hoff, J. Running stride peak forces inversely determines running economy in elite runners. J Strength Cond Res 25(1): 117-123, 2011-The present study investigated the relationship between running economy (RE) at 15 km/h−1, 3.000-m race time, maximal strength, and a number of physiological, anthropometrical, and mechanical variables. The variables measured included RE, maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate, step length and frequency, contact time, and the peak horizontal and vertical forces of each step. Maximal strength was measured as the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) half-squat using a leg press machine. Eleven male elite endurance athletes with a &OV0312;O2max of 75.8 ± 6.2 mL/kg−1/min−1 participated in this study. After the anthropometric data were collected, they were tested for RE, running characteristics, and force measures on a level treadmill at 15 km/h−1. The athletes wore contact soles, and the treadmill was placed on a force platform. Maximal oxygen consumption and 1RM were tested after the RE measurements. The sum of horizontal and vertical peak forces revealed a significant inverse correlation (p < 0.05) both with 3,000-m performance (R = 0.71) and RE (R = 0.66). Inverse correlations were also found (p < 0.05) between RE and body height (R = 0.61) and between RE and body fat percentage (R = 0.62). In conclusion, the sum of horizontal and vertical peak forces was found to be negatively correlated to running economy and 3,000-m running performance, indicating that avoiding vertical movements and high horizontal braking force is crucial for a positive development of RE.
CD7‐negative T cells represent a separate differentiation pathway in a subset of post‐thymic helper T cells

The absence of CD7 protein and the corresponding mRNA is a stable feature in a subset of normal circulating CD4+ memory T cells. It is still unresolved whether the CD7− subset represents a specific T‐cell lineage. Here we show that repeated stimulation of highly purified CD4+ CD45RA+ CD45RO− naive T cells in vitro leads to the development of a distinct memory subset that is defined by the expression versus non‐expression of the CD7 antigen. Comparing different T‐cell activation pathways (TCR/CD3, CD2), we observed that alternative signals were critically involved in the development of CD4+ CD7− T cells. Peak mean numbers of CD7− memory cells occurred after 3–5 cycles of restimulation in vitro. Naive T cells that had undergone repeated stimulations were harvested and sorted into CD7+ and CD7− subsets. The vast majority (> 97%) of CD7+ T cells retained their expression, whereas the CD7− population did not re‐express the antigen during further propagation of separated T‐cell subsets. In CD7− cells no CD7 mRNA was monitored, indicating transcriptional regulation of CD7 expression. Certain differentiation‐related antigens, including the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen CLA, were preferentially expressed on CD7− T cells. We suggest that absence of CD7 expression in a subset of CD4+ memory cells reflects a separate and stable differentiation state occurring late in the immune response. These T cells may represent the physiological counterpart of malignant T cells in certain forms of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma.
MR‐guided percutaneous ethanol injection for hepatocellular carcinoma in a 0.2T open MR system

The purpose of this work is to describe our experience with single‐session percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) under the guidance of 0.2‐T open MRI for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) that were not suitable for ablation under ultrasound (US) or computed tomography (CT) guidance. None of the lesions (N = 7) were detectable on US. MRI was chosen over CT as the guidance modality because the nodules were located in the hepatic dome (N = 4) or were invisible on noncontrast CT (N = 3). All of the nodules were targeted successfully, and apparently complete tumor necrosis was achieved in six nodules (86%). During a follow‐up of one to 41 months, only one patient developed local recurrence four months after PEI. MR‐guided PEI is feasible and effective for treating HCC when other imaging guidance methods are not appropriate. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trust fall: data breach perceptions from loyalty and non-loyalty customers

ABSTRACT Due to increased technological development in the service industry, protecting consumers’ personal data has become a critical concern. When companies’ information systems are attacked and customers’ profiles are compromised after data breaches, customers may feel more vulnerable about their information privacy. This study uses hotel data breaches as circumstances and aims to understand whether loyalty and non-loyalty program customers would distinguish differently the perceived severity, vulnerability, trust depletion, and crisis response strategies of an organization in response to a data breach. The results indicated that a data breach does not cause significant differences in perceived vulnerability and perceived severity between the two groups. However, loyalty program customers significantly reduce their trust toward the organization after a data breach crisis. This study provides implications to address the importance of customer data protection and crisis responses as part of customer relationship management.
Progression and development of information and communication technology research in hospitality and tourism

Purpose This study aims to present a state-of-the art review on information and communication technology (ICT) research in hospitality and tourism published between 2014 and 2017. Design/methodology/approach A total of 288 full-length articles from eight top-tier hospitality and tourism journals were gathered by harnessing a systematic literature search approach. Subsequently, the authors used a qualitative content analysis to review, analyse and assign all included articles into a framework with six consumer-related and five supplier-related research streams. Findings In terms of volume (i.e. the amounts and ratios of ICT research in top-tier journals by publication year) and variety (i.e. the diversity of research topics), a significant progression of ICT research in hospitality and tourism is observed. However, some old and new knowledge gaps are still inadequately addressed, thus requiring scholars and practitioners to conduct additional research in the future. Practical implications The accumulation of knowledge and actionable clues in this study is expected to keep practitioners updated with the overwhelming volume of ICT research. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by accelerating the accumulation of knowledge on research topics and setting forth an agenda for future research. The findings also complement prior literature reviews by providing an overview of how knowledge on ICT research in hospitality and tourism has progressed since 2014.
Interval cryotherapy decreases fatigue during repeated weight lifting.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of icing the arm and shoulder between weight-pulling sets on work, velocity, and power. DESIGN AND SETTING I used a 1 x 2 factorial, random, counterbalanced design in which each participant pulled 75 per thousand of his 1-repetition maximum on 2 separate days. The individuals pulled the weight 22 times for each set as fast as possible, then either iced (cryotherapy) or placed towels over their arms and shoulders for 3 minutes, and then rested 4.5 minutes at room temperature. The sets continued until the participants could not complete 22 pulls without stopping. SUBJECTS Ten male members of a private athletic club, who weight lift on a regular basis, volunteered to participate in the study. MEASUREMENTS Work was determined by the number of arm-pull sets completed before fatigue, velocity was measured by the time to complete each set, and power was determined by dividing work by velocity. Velocity and power were analyzed in 3 ways: first to fourth sets (88 pulls), matched sets (167.2 pulls), and all sets (191.4 cryotherapy and 167.2 towel pulls), using analysis of covariance with the base set as the covariate. RESULTS Cryotherapy between sets resulted in a significantly greater number of total joules and arm pulls when compared with the towel treatment. Velocity was significantly faster for the first to fourth sets, matched sets, and all sets when subjects received intermittent cryotherapy. Power also was significantly higher for the first to fourth sets and matched sets. The all-sets comparison consisted of 14.5 per thousand more cryotherapy arm pulls. CONCLUSIONS Interval cryotherapy between weight-pulling sets is associated with increased work, velocity, and power.
Pension Enhancements and Teacher Retirement Behavior

We examine how pension rule changes affect teacher retirement by estimating a structural retirement model on a large cohort of late career Missouri public school teachers. In so doing we address several statistical challenges that arise in estimating dynamic retirement models. The resulting estimates produce good in and out-of-sample fit. Counter-factual simulations suggest that Missouri's 1990s pension enhancements led to earlier retirement by about 0.4 years on average for the 1994 cohort and by more than one year in a steady state. Enhancements increased steady state pension liabilities by 16 percent for senior teachers.