Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pilot Study of Whole-Blood Gamma Interferon Response to the Vibrio cholerae Toxin B Subunit and Resistance to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Associated Diarrhea

ABSTRACT Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which produces heat-labile toxin (LT), is a common cause of travelers' diarrhea (TD). The B subunit of ETEC LT is immunologically related to the B subunit of Vibrio cholerae toxin (CT). In this pilot study we evaluated the whole-blood gamma interferon response to CT B in 17 U.S. adults traveling to Mexico. Only one of nine subjects who demonstrated a cellular immune response as determined by whole-blood gamma interferon production to CT B on arrival to Mexico developed diarrhea, whereas five of eight without a cellular response developed diarrhea. Markers of the cellular immune response to ETEC LT could help in identifying individuals immune to ETEC LT, and these markers deserve additional study.
Moving forward: evaluating a curriculum for managing responsive behaviors in a geriatric psychiatry inpatient population.

PURPOSE The Gentle Persuasive Approaches (GPA) curriculum was developed as an adjunct to other educational initiatives that were part of Ontario, Canada's Alzheimer Strategy. GPA emphasizes that an individual's unique personal history has a direct application to the interpretation of and response to their behavior. It incorporates strategies into geriatric patient care to assist staff to respond effectively to verbal and physical expressions of need. DESIGN AND METHODS A pre- and postintervention approach was used to evaluate the effectiveness of GPA: (a) Staff Satisfaction Surveys immediately after GPA training and after 3 months, (b) risk event profiling to monitor aggressive behavior rates, (c) occupational health and safety records pre- and post-GPA training, and (d) Residential Assessment Instrument-Mental Health indicators pre- and post-GPA training. RESULTS Surveys revealed that GPA training significantly improved staff's response to challenging behaviors, understanding of how brain changes impact behavior, and learning strategies to respond to challenging behaviors. Specific body containment techniques were less employed on geriatric patients who experience responsive behaviors. Pre- and postphysical aggression rates declined over the 6-month period following GPA training. The training did not appear to impact occupational injury rates. IMPLICATIONS GPA appears to be a useful and positive approach for providing care to an inpatient geriatric psychiatry population. Specific body containment techniques may be less useful when employed with patients who have responsive behaviors. The program evaluation suggests that application of the GPA curriculum may be extended to patients with diagnoses other than dementia.
Graft failure in human donor corneas due to transmission of herpes simplex virus

AIM To report the clinical consequences of contamination of human donor corneas by herpes simplex virus (HSV) in organ culture. METHODS Two patients without previous history of ocular HSV infection underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK), one for keratoconus and the other for Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy. One patient suffered primary graft failure while the other developed a persistent epithelial defect, ultimately resulting in graft failure. Viral culture of swabs taken from both corneas during the early postoperative period was undertaken. The failed donor corneas were examined histopathologically by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HSV-1 antigens, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HSV DNA. Both failed corneas were replaced within 6 weeks of the initial surgery. The records of the fellow donor corneas were also examined for evidence of infection. RESULTS HSV was cultured from both corneas during the early postoperative period. Histology of both donor corneas demonstrated a thickened corneal stroma with widespread necrosis of keratocytes and loss of endothelial cells. IHC showed keratocytes positive with antibodies to HSV-1 antigens. TEM demonstrated HSV-like viral particles within degenerating keratocytes. PCR performed on the failed corneal grafts was positive for HSV-1 DNA, whereas PCR performed on the excised host corneal buttons was negative in both patients. Records of the fellow donor corneas showed that one cornea was successfully transplanted into another recipient after 18 days in organ culture, whilst the other was discarded because of extensive endothelial cell necrosis noted after 15 days in organ culture. CONCLUSION HSV within a donor cornea may cause endothelial destruction in organ culture and both primary graft failure and ulcerative keratitis after transplantation. Endothelial necrosis of a donor cornea in culture also raises the possibility of HSV infection within the fellow cornea.
Morphology and mosaics of melanopsin‐expressing retinal ganglion cell types in mice

Melanopsin is the photopigment of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Melanopsin immunoreactivity reveals two dendritic plexuses within the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and morphologically heterogeneous retinal ganglion cells. Using enhanced immunohistochemistry, we provide a fuller description of murine cell types expressing melanopsin, their contribution to the plexuses of melanopsin dendrites, and mosaics formed by each type. M1 cells, corresponding to the originally described ganglion‐cell photoreceptors, occupy the ganglion cell or inner nuclear layers. Their large, sparsely branched arbors (mean diameter 275 μm) monostratify at the outer limit of the OFF sublayer. M2 cells also have large, monostratified dendritic arbors (mean diameter 310 μm), but ramify in the inner third of the IPL, within the ON sublayer. There are ≈900 M1 cells and 800 M2 cells per retina; each type comprises roughly 1–2% of all ganglion cells. The cell bodies of M1 cells are slightly smaller than those of M2 cells (mean diameters: 13 μm for M1, 15 μm for M2). Dendritic field overlap is extensive within each type (coverage factors ≈3.8 for M1 and 4.6 for M2 cells). Rare bistratified cells deploy terminal dendrites within both melanopsin‐immunoreactive plexuses. Because these are too sparsely distributed to permit complete retinal tiling, they lack a key feature of true ganglion cell types and may be anomalous hybrids of the M1 and M2 types. Finally, we observed weak melanopsin immunoreactivity in other ganglion cells, mostly with large somata, that may constitute one or more additional types of melanopsin‐expressing cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2405–2422, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Type 2 T‐Cell‐Independent Murine Immune Response to the Human AB0 Blood Group Antigens

The human AB0 blood group determinants are simple carbohydrate structures which are widely distributed in nature. Much work has been done on the structure of the A and B antigens but little is known on the regulation of anti‐A and anti‐B immune responses. To develop a model system, we have characterized the AB0 immunity of normal Balb/c mice and found a significant level of serum natural anti‐A but almost no anti‐B. This finding and the known IgM predominance among immune anti‐A produced in the Balb/c mouse indicate that the AB0 immunity of this mouse strain is comparable to the one of human blood group B individuals. Following immunization with human red blood cells, similar levels of anti‐A were produced in normal and athymic Balb/c mice showing that the anti‐A response is T cell independent. Furthermore, no anti‐A or anti‐B antibodies were produced in CBA/xid mice indicating a type 2 T‐cell‐independent immune response. These results may contribute to a better understanding of human AB0 responses and establish the mouse as a suitable model to study the immunobiology of AB0 antigens.
THE RED SUPERGIANT PROGENITOR OF SUPERNOVA 2012aw (PTF12bvh) IN MESSIER 95

We report on the direct detection and characterization of the probable red supergiant (RSG) progenitor of the intermediate-luminosity Type II-Plateau (II-P) supernova (SN) 2012aw in the nearby (10.0 Mpc) spiral galaxy Messier 95 (M95; NGC 3351). We have identified the star in both Hubble Space Telescope images of the host galaxy, obtained 17–18 yr prior to the explosion, and near-infrared ground-based images, obtained 6–12 yr prior to the SN. The luminous supergiant showed evidence for substantial circumstellar dust, manifested as excess line-of-sight extinction. The effective total-to-selective ratio of extinction to the star was R′V ≈ 4.35, which is significantly different from that of diffuse interstellar dust (i.e., RV = 3.1), and the total extinction to the star was therefore, on average, AV ≈ 3.1 mag. We find that the observed spectral energy distribution for the progenitor star is consistent with an effective temperature of 3600 K (spectral type M3), and that the star therefore had a bolometric magnitude of −8.29. Through comparison with recent theoretical massive-star evolutionary tracks we can infer that the RSG progenitor had an initial mass 15 ≲ Mini(M☉) < 20. Interpolating by eye between the available tracks, we surmise that the star had initial mass ∼17–18 M☉. The circumstellar dust around the progenitor must have been destroyed in the explosion, as the visual extinction to the SN is found to be low (AV = 0.24 mag with RV = 3.1).
Morphological characteristics of layer II projection neurons in the rat medial entorhinal cortex

The entorhinal cortex receives inputs from a variety of neocortical regions. Neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex originate one component of the perforant path which conveys this information to the dentate gyrus and hippocampus. The current study extends our previous work on the electroresponsive properties of layer II neurons of the medial entorhinal cortex in which we distinguished two categories of layer II neurons based on their electrophysiological attributes (Alonso and Klink [1993] J Neurophysiol 70:128–143). Here we report on the morphological features of layer II projection neurons, as revealed by in vitro intracellular injection of biocytin. We now report that the two electrophysiologically distinct types of neurons correspond to morphologically distinct types of cells. All neurons (65% of the total cells recorded) that developed sustained, subthreshold, sinusoidal membrane potential oscillations were found to have a stellate appearance. Neurons that did not exhibit oscillatory behavior had either a pyramidal‐like (32%) or a horizontal cell morphology (3%). Stellate cells had multiple, thick, primary dendrites. Their widely diverging upper dendritic domain expanded mediolaterally over a distance of around 500 μm close to the pial surface. This mediolateral extent was more than double that of the pyramidal‐like cells. Dendrites of stellate cells demonstrated long dendritic appendages, and their dendritic spines had a more complex morphology than those of nonstellates. The stellate cell axons emerged from a primary dendrite and were more than double the thickness (approximately 1.4 μm) of the axons of nonstellate cells. Recurrent axonal collaterization appeared more extensive in axons arising from stellate cells than from pyramidal‐like cells. Hippocampus 1997;7:571–583. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐lasting Antiepileptic Effects of Levetiracetam against Epileptic Seizures in the Spontaneously Epileptic Rat (SER): Differentiation of Levetiracetam from Conventional Antiepileptic Drugs

Summary: Purpose: Some evidence suggests that levetiracetam (LEV) possesses antiepileptogenic characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of seizure protection by LEV compared with that of phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), valproate (VPA), and carbamazepine (CBZ) in the spontaneously epileptic rat (SER). The SER is a double mutant (tm/tm, zi/zi) showing both tonic convulsions and absence‐like seizures.
Effect of pre-treatment on in vitro gastric digestion of quinoa protein (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) obtained by wet and dry fractionation

Abstract Quinoa protein was isolated from quinoa seeds using wet fractionation that resulted in a protein isolate (QPI) with a high protein purity of 87.1% (w/dw) and a protein yield of around 54%, and a dry fractionation method delivered a quinoa protein concentrate (QPC) with a purity of 27.8% (w/dw) and yield of around 47%. The dry fractionation process only involves milling and sieving and keeps the protein in its natural, native state. The aim was to study the in vitro gastric digestibility of both protein. Attention was paid to thermal pre-treatment of QPI and QPC. QPC showed significantly higher (p < .05) digestibility than QPI samples. The results were interpreted with a simple double exponential model. The fraction of easily digested protein in QPC is higher than for QPI. The better digestibility of the QPC was explained by the prevention of the formation of large aggregates during pre-heating of the protein. Graphical Abstract
Lebenssituation und Soziale Sicherung 2005 (LSS 2005): IAB-Querschnittsbefragung SGB II. Handbuch-Version 1.0.0

"Der Datenreport dokumentiert die IAB Querschnittsbefragung 'Lebenssituation und Soziale Sicherung 2005', die aus zwei Samples besteht (LSS 2005-I und LSS 2005-II)1. Er stellt damit eine Dokumentation des IAB Projekts 'Zusammenlegung von Arbeitslosen- und Sozialhilfe mit Einfuhrung des SGB II: Ubergangsmuster, Strukturen und Folgen fur die Betroffenen' dar. Auf Grund der Datenlage zum Ziehungszeitpunkt (Januar 2005) - noch nicht abgeschlossene Anbindung der Systeme der sog. optierenden Kommunen an das Datennetzwerk der BA - hat das IAB zwei Erhebungen durchgefuhrt: LSS 2005-I mit den Daten der Arbeitsgemeinschaften und zu einem etwas spateren Zeitpunkt LSS 2005-II mit den Daten der Kunden der optierenden Kommunen. Beide sind hier in diesem Datenreport dargestellt. Uber die Querschnittsbefragung hinaus beinhaltet die Erhebung einen retrospektiven Langsschnitt, welcher in dieser Dokumentation nicht enthalten ist, da er momentan noch aufbereitet wird. Da die Zielgruppe der LSS 2005 die hilfebedurftige Erwerbsfahige im Alter von 15 bis unter 65 Jahren sind, befinden sich in der Grundgesamtheit der Untersuchung auch Minderjahrige. Fur diese gesondert zu behandelnde Zielgruppe wurde der Fragebogen modifiziert, sowie durch einen Eltern-Fragebogen erganzt. In Bezug auf die Minderjahrigen beschrankt sich der vorliegende Datenreport in seiner Dokumentation auf die in Hauptstudie und modifizierter Variante ubereinstimmenden Merkmale. Die Ergebnisse des Eltern-Fragebogens sind nicht enthalten. Der Report ist wie folgt gegliedert: Inhaltliche und methodische Hintergrunde der Studie; Abbildung der theoretischen Grundgesamtheit in den Befragungsdaten; Erstellung des Scientific Use Files aus der LSS 2005; Datenaufbereitung: Bereinigungen, Filter und fehlende Werte; Variablenbeschreibung und -verteilung; Anhang. " (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) Additional Information Hier finden Sie die dazugehorenden Auszahlungen.
In-vitro Quantitative Assay of Interferon Gamma in Serum of Nigerian Indigenous and Exotic Breeds of Chickens

The Nigerian Indigenous breeds of Chicken (NIC) have thrived in harsh tropical environment with little veterinary care and poor nutrition compared with the introduced exotic breeds which performs sub-optimally in the tropics. However, they receive little attention for commercial production in spite of low input required. A comparative assessment of cellular immune response of the indigenous and exotic breeds was carried out to provide scientific explanation for their hardy nature and justify production for economic purposes. Fifteen chickens from each of three indigenous breeds i.e. Frizzledfeathered, Naked-neck and Smooth-feathered, and 8 Isa Brown pullets were 10 weeks old and reared in separate cages. The chickens were stabilized and administered Newcastle Disease Vaccine (NDV), LaSota strain. At 14 and 16 weeks old, all breeds were administered NDV Komarov strain in Freund’s adjuvant and in PBS intramuscularly as sensitizing and challenge inoculants, respectively. They were bled for serum 5 days later and concentrations of Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were determined using competitive Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that the Frizzled-feathered chickens had the highest concentration of IFN-gamma (58±2.8 pg/ml) which was significantly higher than 49±3.2 pg/ml and 44±2.5 pg/ml recorded for Smooth-feathered and Isa brown breeds respectively. Also, concentration in Naked-neck breed was 54±2.9 pg/ml, which was significantly higher than Isa Brown. Isa Brown had the significantly lowest concentration. It was concluded that the three NIC studied, have inherent capacity to mount higher levels of cellular immune response compared with the exotic Isa brown, when challenged.
Time course of effects of testosterone administration on sexual arousal in women.

BACKGROUND The assumption that testosterone is involved in human female sexual functioning is mainly based on results of studies of women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This study sought to determine the effect of testosterone administration on physiological and subjective sexual arousal in sexually functional women. METHODS In a double-masked, randomly assigned, placebo-controlled crossover design, we examined whether administration of a single dose of testosterone to sexually functional women increases vaginal and subjective sexual arousal when they are exposed to erotic visual stimuli. To search for a time lag in the effect of testosterone therapy, we exposed 8 healthy women to 6 erotic film excerpts depicting intercourse. The first and second excerpts were shown immediately before and 15 minutes after, respectively, intake of placebo or testosterone; the last 4 excerpts were then shown at 1(1/2)-hour intervals. RESULTS Sublingual intake of testosterone caused a sharp increase in plasma testosterone levels within 15 minutes; these levels declined to baseline values within 90 minutes. Three to 4(1/2) hours after reaching peak testosterone level, we found a statistically significantly increase in genital responsiveness (P = .04). Furthermore, on the day of testosterone treatment, there also was a strong and statistically significant association between the increase in genital arousal and subjective reports of "genital sensations" (P = .02) and "sexual lust" (P = .01) after 4(1/2) hours. CONCLUSIONS There is a time lag in the effect of sublingually administered testosterone on genital arousal in women. In addition, a consecutive increase in vaginal arousal might cause higher genital sensations and sexual lust.
Effect of Price Quoting on Financial Assets Price

Stock options are usually sold in bundles of 100 units, and their price can be quoted either per unit or per bundle. In this paper, the effect of different methods of quoting financial asset prices on the subjective value of a contract was examined experimentally. In particular, we examined differences in subjects’ Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) and Willingness-ToAccept (WTA) for financial assets depending upon whether prices are quoted per unit or per bundle. We found that subjects bid (ask) a higher price when prices are quoted per unit than when they are quoted per bundle. The results indicated that different quoting methods affect the bidding price for risky assets. These results can have important implications for trading on financial markets.
The effects of eating and of sham feeding upon the absorption of vitamin A palmitate in man.

It is the usual practice to test the intestinal absorption of specific nutrients in man by first feeding a test dose of the pure nutrient to the fasting subject, and then determining in samples of blood or urine taken over various subsequent periods of time the amount of the nutrient present in the blood or excreted in the urine. In the case of vitamin A absorption, such tests have been performed either to study its assimilation as a vitamin, or as an indicator substance correlated more or less closely with the general absorption of fats. That vitamin A in oily solution is absorbed by man in a manner closely associated with the absorption of the oil in which it is dissolved, most studies would agree (1-3). When vitamin A acetate or palmitate or natural esters are given, dissolved in oil, the normal human subject exhibits an increase in the total vitamin A concentration of his blood serum for the succeeding 3 to 8 hours. The rate at which the serum levels rise, and the maximum concentrations
Applications of Convolutional Neural Networks

In recent years, deep learning has been used extensively in a wide range of fields. In deep learning, Convolutional Neural Networks are found to give the most accurate results in solving real world problems. In this paper, we give a comprehensive summary of the applications of CNN in computer vision and natural language processing. We delineate how CNN is used in computer vision, mainly in face recognition, scene labelling, image classification, action recognition, human pose estimation and document analysis. Further, we describe how CNN is used in the field of speech recognition and text classification for natural language processing. We compare CNN with other methods to solve the same problem and explain why CNN is better than other methods.
Processing of presenilin 1 in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls

MUTATIONS in the presenilin genes are involved in the aetiology of the majority of familial early-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) cases. Presenilin 1 (PS1) is proteolytically processed in vivo, resulting in the accumulation of N-terminal ∼27–28 kDa and C-terminal ∼18 kDa derivatives. To examine the metabolism of PS1 in brains of patients with AD harbouring PS1 mutations I143T and G384A, we performed immunoblot analyses of brain homogenates using well characterized antibodies. We document that ∼27–28 kDa N-terminal and ∼18 kDa C-terminal PS1 proteolytic fragments accumulate in brain of these individuals, and that in large part the accumulation pattern is indistinguishable from that observed in brains from individuals with sporadic AD or controls. Notably, little, if any, full-length PS1 was detected in brain tissue of patients carrying PS1 mutations or in those with sporadic AD, indicating that failed proteolysis of PS1 is not a central feature of pathogenesis in these patients.
Domestic capabilities and global production networks in the clothing industry: a comparison of German and UK firms' strategies

In this paper we examine the sourcing strategies of clothing firms in the developed economies of the UK and Germany in the context of their national institutional framework. We argue that, as a result of their embeddedness in divergent national structures, these firms pursue different sourcing strategies and make different locational choices. We place particular emphasis on the different mix of armsO length and relational contracting that firms develop, and on the divergent degree of control over the manufacturing process and the product that they retain. We suggest that the construction of global production networks and control over supplier firms is mediated by co-ordinating firmsO product strategy and the degree of dependence on national retailers this engenders. In the UK and Germany, firms and their networks differ from the US case which is normally taken as representative of the industry.