Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial coenzyme Q content and aging

The main objective of this study was to determine the nature of the relationship between aging and mitochondrial coenzyme Q (CoQ) content. Mitochondria in the heart, skeletal muscle, kidney and brain of the mouse varied in both the amount of total CoQ (CoQ9+CoQ10) content as well as in the ratio of the CoQ9 to CoQ10. CoQ content declined with age only in the skeletal muscle. Caloric restriction (CR) resulted in an increase in the amount of CoQ9 in skeletal muscle mitochondria. This effect was partially reversible upon termination of the caloric restriction regimen. Results suggest that a decrease in mitochondrial CoQ content is an integral aspect of aging in skeletal muscle.
The interval for interference in conscious visual imagery

Three experiments are described that use dynamic visual noise (DVN) to interfere with words processed under visual and verbal processing instructions. In Experiment 1 DVN is presented to coincide with the encoding of the words or to coincide with the interval between encoding and recall. The results show that while DVN is a robust disruptor when it is applied during encoding to words processed under visual instruction, it has no effect during encoding when the words are processed under rote instruction. Moreover, DVN has no effect when it is applied during the retention interval, no matter what means are employed to encode the words. Experiment 2 extends these findings by again showing no effect of DVN during the retention interval, yet showing robust interference effects for visually processed words during recall. Finally, Experiment 3 demonstrates that the results of Experiments 1 and 2 cannot be explained by a difference in the time duration associated with application of DVN during the retention interval compared to during encoding and recall. Moreover, the differing decay functions for visually and verbally processed words during the intervals used in Experiment 3 suggest that any failure to cause interference is not because the two processing instructions resulted in words being retained in the same medium. The functions are consistent with word storage mechanisms reflecting appropriately verbal and visual properties. The results are discussed in terms of current models of visual working memory. It is argued that a full interpretation of the results requires a buffer mechanism as an important component of any model of visual working memory.
Political Support and Civil Disobedience: A Social Interaction Approach

People may express their opposition to government policies by adopting different measures of civil disobedience. Tax compliance is an example of an economic decision that may be affected by anti-government sentiment. Embedding the interdependence between social policies, political opposition and tax compliance in a dynamic social interaction process, we characterize a unique stable steady state of such a process. We find that social interaction may be a very important factor shaping government policies, at times reverting conventional relations between social spending and government support.
The descent into suicide

Suicidal breakdown requires attention both to attack upon the self (ego) as aggressive forces are unleashed against it by the superego, but also to the phases of self‐breakup (ego regression) that follow. Less attention has been directed to ego‐regression in suicide than to superego‐directed assault on the ego in the psychoanalytic literature; this paper directs attention to the phenomena of ego failure and disarticulation of the self‐representation. Clinical study of suicidal patients shows four aspects of suicidal collapse as ego loosens: affective flooding, desperate maneuvering to counter the resulting mental emergency, loss of control as the self begins to disintegrate, and grandiose magical scheming for mental survival as the self‐representation splits up and body jettison becomes plausible. These phenomena are discussed theoretically in terms of failed affect regulation, ego helplessness, narcissistic surrender, breakdown of the representational world, and loss of reality testing.
Re-Estimating China's Capital Stock( 1952-2012)

Many scholars have estimated the Chinese capital stock,but the results are quite different. The main reason is that the depreciation rate is an important and sensitive parameter when estimating capital stock by using the perpetual inventory method. This paper contributes to the theoretical reduction of the relationship among depreciation rate,capital-output ratio,formation rate of fixed assets and economic growth rate. It estimates capital stock by using capital formation of fixed assets in which the estimation procedure is different from the usual procedure. Instead of taking the first year as the starting year,it takes a particular year,1987,as the starting year because there is an input-output table that year. With forward and backward deduction to estimate depreciation rate as well as capital stock,this method ensures the accuracy of depreciation rate and capital stock series,since there are 10 input-output tables and corresponding depreciation amount as the calibrate points.
Orphan nuclear transcription factor TR3/Nur77 regulates microvessel permeability by targeting endothelial nitric oxide synthase and destabilizing endothelial junctions

Low-level basal vascular permeability (BVP) provides nutrients to normal tissues, and increased vascular permeability is characteristic of inflammation and cancer. We recently reported that VEGF-A, a potent vascular permeabilizing and angiogenic factor, exerts much of its angiogenic activity by up-regulating expression of TR3/Nur77, an orphan nuclear transcription factor, in vascular endothelial cells (EC). To determine whether TR3/Nur77 had a more general role in regulating vascular permeability, we found that histamine, serotonin, and platelet-activating factor, small molecule vascular permeabilizing agents, also increased TR3/Nur77 expression acutely in EC. BVP and the acute vascular hyperpermeability (AVH) induced by these vascular permeabilizing factors were greatly decreased in Nur77−/− mice, and both BVP and AVH correlated with Nur77 expression levels in several different mouse strains. BVP and AVH were enhanced in transgenic mice in which Nur77 was selectively overexpressed in vascular EC, whereas both were suppressed in mice overexpressing dominant-negative Nur77. Chronic vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) was induced long before the onset of angiogenesis in a modified, in vivo Matrigel assay that included PT67 cells packaging retroviruses expressing Nur77-sense, whereas inclusion of cells packaging viruses expressing Nur77-antisense prevented VEGF-A–induced CVH. TR3/Nur77 modulated vascular permeability by increasing endothelial nitric-oxide synthase expression and by downregulating several EC junction proteins that maintain vascular homeostasis. Both functions required TR3/Nur77 transcriptional activity. Taking these data together, TR3/Nur77 is up-regulated by several vascular permeabilizing agents and has critical roles in mediating BVP, AVH, and CVH.
LipopolysaccharideChronic Peripheral Treatment with Mediated Loss following - Oxidative Stress Dopaminergic Neurons Contributes to Their 1 Expression in a Cutting Edge: IL-13R

Inﬂammation and its mediators, including cytokines and reactive oxygen species, are thought to contribute to neurodegeneration. In the mouse brain, we found that IL-13R a 1 was expressed in the dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, which are preferentially lost in human Parkinson’s disease. Mice deﬁcient for Il13ra1 exhibited resistance to loss of DA neurons in a model of chronic peripheral inﬂammation using bacterial LPS. IL-13, as well as IL-4, potentiated the cytotoxic effects of t -butyl hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide on mouse DA MN9D cells. Collectively, our data indicate that expression of IL-13R a 1 on DA neurons can increase their susceptibility to oxidative stress–mediated damage, thereby contributing to their preferential loss. In humans, Il13ra1 lies on the X chromosome within the PARK12 locus of susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease, suggest-ing that IL-13R a 1 may have a role in the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disease. The Journal of Immunology , 2012, 189: 000–000.
Does stage of cancer, comorbidity or lifestyle factors explain educational differences in survival after endometrial cancer? A cohort study among Danish women diagnosed 2005–2009

Abstract Background: Several studies have documented an association between socioeconomic position and survival from gynaecological cancer, but the mechanisms are unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between level of education and survival after endometrial cancer among Danish women; and whether differences in stage at diagnosis and comorbidity contribute to the educational differences in survival. Methods: Women with endometrial cancer diagnosed between 2005 and 2009 were identified in the Danish Gynaecological Cancer Database, with information on clinical characteristics, surgery, body mass index (BMI) and smoking status. Information on highest attained education, cohabitation and comorbidity was obtained from nationwide administrative registries. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between level of education and cancer stage and Cox proportional hazards model for analyses of overall survival. Results: Of the 3638 patients identified during the study period, 787 had died by the end of 2011. The group of patients with short education had a higher odds ratio (OR) for advanced stage at diagnosis, but this was not statistically significant (adjusted OR 1.20; 95% CI 0.97–1.49). The age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for dying of patients with short education was 1.47 (CI 95% 1.17–1.80). Adjustment for cohabitation status, BMI, smoking and comorbidity did not change HRs, but further adjustment for cancer stage yielded a HR of 1.36 (1.11–1.67). Conclusion: Early detection in all educational groups might reduce social inequalities in survival, however, the unexplained increased risk for death after adjustment for prognostic factors, warrants increased attention to patients with short education in all age groups throughout treatment and rehabilitation.
Rural prosperity and federal expenditures, 2000–2010

Rural development policy in the US lacks coordination and coherence, but sustaining prosperous rural communities should be a primary aim. We identify rural non-core counties that remained prosperous during the recent recession and use regression analysis to model the relationship between rural prosperity and per capita federal expenditures. The number of prosperous rural non-core counties increased from 2000 to 2010. Social capital and educational attainment are now more important predictors of rural prosperity than economic diversity. Prosperous rural non-core counties are associated with higher rates of expenditure and the distribution of federal expenditures across these counties exhibits positive spatial dependence.
What have we learned about heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction one year after its introduction?

The 2016 European Society of Cardiology heart failure guidelines introduced the term ‘heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction’ (HFmrEF) to refer to patients with heart failure and a mildly reduced ejection fraction of 40–49%. About 20% of heart failure patients fall in this category. One of the main reasons for the introduction of this category was to stimulate research into this grey area. This review aims to highlight the key findings that have been published so far. Firstly, HFmrEF more closely resembles heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) than preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with regard to ischaemic aetiology, which is more frequent in both HFmrEF and HFrEF compared to HFpEF. Secondly, changes in ejection fraction over time are common, and seem to be more important than baseline ejection fraction alone. Patients who progress from HFmrEF to HFrEF have a worse prognosis than those who remain stable or transition to HFpEF. Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, retrospective analyses from a randomized trial suggest that patients with HFmrEF seem to benefit from therapies that have shown to improve outcome in HFrEF, whereas no such benefit was seen in patients with HFpEF.
Esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH testing in the study of apparent life threatening episode incidents in infants.

INTRODUCTION The conventional 24-hour pH monitoring is the gold standard for the diagnosis of gastro-esophageal reflux (GER), a possible cause of Apparent Life Threatening Episodes (ALTE). However, multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) may provide advantages. OBJECTIVES Comparison of the results of MII and pH monitoring in patients undergoing MII-pH monitoring in the 3-year study period because of having suffered from ALTE. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prospective study of MII-pH monitoring performed in our unit to infants < 12 months of ageadmitted for ALTE for a 3-year period. RESULTS Thirty nine patients studied. 2,692 pH monitoring episodes, with median of 24 (IQ: 15-44) episodes/patient, 1.30 (IQ: 0.80-2.60) reflux/hour, 1 (IQ: 0-4) reflux episode > 5 min per patient and clearance of 1.20 (IQ: 0.70-2.20) min/reflux. With pH monitoring analysis, 14 children (35.9 %) could have been diagnosed as GER (8 mild, 4 moderate and 2 severe) based on the classical criteria. MII identified a total of 8,895 events; only 3,219 among them were refluxes, with a median of 75 (IQ: 54-111) per patient, 1.30 (IQ: 1.3-2.6) episodes/hour). With MII-pH monitoring combination there were 21.60 (SD 15.21) acid reflux episodes, 67.33 weekly acid (SD 32.09) and 3.34 (SD 7.23) non-acid, being finally diagnosed 33 patients as GER. CONCLUSIONS The association of pH monitoring and MII provides additional information that improves GER diagnostic performance without posing any additional risk to the infant patient. The non-acid/weekly acid refluxes, not detected by pH monitoring, account for a high percentage of episodes, this may have diagnostic and therapeutic significance, especially in infants. Further studies are needed to assess the normality of MMI in pediatric patients.
When will unusual heat waves become normal in a warming Africa?

Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate change. In the upcoming decades the occurrence of longer, hotter and more frequent heat waves could have a strong impact on human mortality and crop production. Here, by applying the heat wave magnitude index daily to temperature reanalysis data, we quantify the magnitude and the spatial extent of the most extreme heat waves experienced in Africa between 1979 and October 2015 across different seasons. Results show that in the recent years Africa experienced hotter, longer and more extent heat waves than in the last two decades of the 20th century. In the future, 50% of regional climateprojections suggest that heat waves that are unusual under present climate conditions will occur on a regular basis by 2040 under the most severe IPCC AR5 scenario (i.e. RCP8.5).
Differential environmental factors in anorexia nervosa: a sibling pair study.

OBJECTIVES Previous studies have explored differences in psychosocial and familial factors between women who develop anorexia nervosa and those who do not. However, these studies have generally used between-group comparisons. This study looks at the environmental factors which may be antecedents of anorexia nervosa looking at sister pairs where one had anorexia nervosa and the other did not. DESIGN A paired design was used to compare anorexic women with an unaffected sister on a number of background variables, including sibling interaction, parental care, peer group characteristics and other events unique to the individual. METHODS The Sibling Inventory of Differential Experience (SIDE) was used to determine non-shared environment. Out of an initial sample of 148 women with past or current anorexia nervosa, 28 were identified who had sisters with no reported history of eating disorders and who also consented to complete the questionnaire. RESULTS Anorexic sisters perceived more maternal control and reported more antagonism towards and jealousy of their sisters than did unaffected sisters. In addition, anorexic women reported having had fewer friends and boyfriends than their sisters. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the perceived differences in background environment between women with and women without anorexia nervosa. These issues are discussed in relation to behavioural genetics, family dynamics and psychosexual development.
A Single-Layer Broadband Reflectarray Antenna by Using Quasi-spiral Phase Delay Line

A novel broadband unit cell is proposed in this letter. This new cell element consists of three coupled circular rings where four quasi-spiral delay lines are connected to the outer ring to provide the required phase shift. The spiral shape of the delay lines exhibits more than 1000 ° of phase swing. The cross-polarization level of the presented element is considerably improved compared to previous designs with a similar phasing mechanism. The capability of operating in linearly or circularly polarized incident wave is an important advantage of the proposed cell. In other words, depending on polarization of the feed antenna, the present reflectarray can operate in vertical, horizontal, or circular polarization. Finally, a moderate-size reflectarray, 27 ×27 cm2, is designed and fabricated based on the mentioned element. The measured results showed about 16.5% of 1-dB gain bandwidth. The antenna gain at 8.5 GHz is 26.4 dB, which is equivalent to 59.2% efficiency. Also, the measured sidelobe level and cross polarization of this antenna are about -20 dB and -25 dB, respectively.
Developmental distribution of GFAP and vimentin in the Brazilian opossum brain

Cells of glial origin are involved in the morphogenesis of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Characterization of glial‐associated proteins during neurogensis and differentiation may aid in understanding the complexity of CNS development. We have utilized immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry to characterize the developmental profiles of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (VIM) in the brain of the Brazilian opossum, Monodelphis domestica. Typical of marsupials, CNS morphogenesis and neurogenesis in the opossum extend well into the postnatal period. Opossum GFAP and VIM were found as single bands at molecular weights consistent with those reported for other species, thus indicating conservation of the VIM and GFAO proteinns through mammalian evolution. Differential developmental trends were observed for both proteins with relative VIM levels decreasing and GFAP levels increasing with age. Vimentin‐like immunoreactivity (VIM‐IR) was present at day 1 of postnatal life throughout the brain. The density of VIM‐IR was maximal at 10 and 15 days postnatal (especially in radial glial elements) and decreased slightly by 25 days postnatal. In the adult brain, VIM‐IR was markedly reduced compared to that of younger ages. In contrast, GFAP‐like immunoreactivity (GFAP‐IR) in the brain of Monodelphis increased dramatically with age. No GFAP‐IR was observed in the 1 and 5 day postnatal brains. By 25 days postnatal, the pattern of GFAP‐IR in the brainstem resembled that of the adult. In the forebrain, more GFAP‐IR was present than at younger ages. The adult distribution of GFAP‐IR was very similar to that reported for other mammalian species. These results indicate that GFAP and VIM are reciprocally related during periods of morphogenesis and differentiation of the opossum brain. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Letters persistence after physical offset: Visual word form area and left planum temporale. An fMRI study

Iconic memory is a high‐capacity low‐duration visual memory store that allows the persistence of a visual stimulus after its offset. The categorical nature of this store has been extensively debated. This study provides functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for brain regions underlying the persistence of postcategorical representations of visual stimuli. In a partial report paradigm, subjects matched a cued row of a 3 × 3 array of letters (postcategorical stimuli) or false fonts (precategorical stimuli) with a subsequent triplet of stimuli. The cued row was indicated by two visual flankers presented at the onset (physical stimulus readout) or after the offset of the array (iconic memory readout). The left planum temporale showed a greater modulation of the source of readout (iconic memory vs. physical stimulus) when letters were presented compared to false fonts. This is a multimodal brain region responsible for matching incoming acoustic and visual patterns with acoustic pattern templates. These findings suggest that letters persist after their physical offset in an abstract postcategorical representation. A targeted region of interest analysis revealed a similar pattern of activation in the Visual Word Form Area. These results suggest that multiple higher‐order visual areas mediate iconic memory for postcategorical stimuli. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR SMART PHONE ATTRIBUTES IN MULTI-COUNTRIES

When conjoint experiments are applied to study complex decision making that wears many attributes, this sometimes results in problems of information overload and respondent burden, potentially weakening the validity of such experiments. To reduce the impact of these potential problems, an integrated hierarchical survey design (IHSD) to be used with Kano model for large conjoint analysis has been suggested. The author compared the utility of mobile phone's attributes for each market by analysing empirical data which wear obtained from 5,400 respondents (1,800 respondents per country) in UK, Saudi Arabia, and Philippines. In total 2,400 respondents in four segments. Firstly, UK showed importance mainly towards Camera, Memory_size, LTE, Brand, FM_transmitter which are the necessary things for a good smart phone. Secondly, Philippines revealed choice largely towards Camera, Brand, External_momory, Mobile_TV, and NFC. Finally, Saudi Arabia selected primarily Brand, Camera, External_memory, 3G, and GPS. The results of this study were successfully implemented for product planning, product development, and marketing strategy in terms of price setting, features prioritising, and optimal designing for new products in the mobile phone company.