Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of present and future ECHAM5 pressure fields using a classification of circulation patterns

Several subjective and objective methods for the classification of circulation patterns into categories have been developed over the past century. In this study, we used the automated Lamb weather type (WT) classification method, based on mean sea level pressure (MSLP) to examine present and future circulation patterns above Western and Central Europe. First, the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast 40‐year reanalysis data (ECMWF‐ERA40) is used to evaluate the occurring WTs within the newly developed ECHAM5‐MPI/OM model for the period 1961–2000. Our analysis shows that the ECHAM5 model is capable of reproducing circulation patterns for the October to April season. For the remaining part of the year, there are some significant differences in eastern and western directional circulation types. Therefore, in the second part of this study, past, present and future ECHAM5 pressure fields are investigated for the autumn and winter season only. Finally, long‐term trends of MSLP fields of the A1B scenario simulation using ECHAM5‐MPI/OM for the period 1860–2100 show a significant increase in western circulation and anticyclonic WTs over Western and Central Europe, accompanied by a decrease in eastern circulation and cyclonic WTs. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Post-implementation challenges of utilizing a knowledge management system: An organizational view

Objectives of the Study The objective of this study was to find out which factors primarily have an effect on individual users’ attitude and behavior toward a Knowledge Management System and its usage in a unique organizational context. The primary motivator for the objective was a specific organizational issue in the case company. Academic background and methodology This study used the varied and diverse findings of both user IS acceptance and adoption research and user IS resistance research. A model from the user IS resistance research stream was chosen as the primary theoretical framework. The applied methodology was the case study methodology, as the nature of the organizational issue required findings reasons for how and why that specific predicament occurred and how it could be mitigated. Findings and conclusions The main finding of this study was that in failed Knowledge Management System (KMS) implementations user resistance tends to be apathetic in nature, and does not develop into more aggressive forms. This fact led to the finding that the utilized theoretical framework may not be applicable in KMS implementation contexts, although further research is needed before drawing absolute conclusions. Additionally, several managerial implications were discovered: A clear vision for the KMS’s usage purposes and processes must be thought prior to go-live, the implemented KMS must have a responsible person named for maintenance and administration, the user interface must meet the everyday needs of the user base and all users should have one starting point for navigation within the KMS.
Do aspects of social, emotional and behavioural development in the pre-school period predict later cognitive and academic attainment?

Some aspects of child non-cognitive development in pre-school have independently been shown to predict academic outcomes in later primary and early high school. However, the extent to which each aspect uniquely predicts these outcomes remains unclear. It is also unclear as to what mechanisms may predict these aspects of non-cognitive development. To address these issues, the current study sought to explore the antecedents to, and the predictive strength of, prominent aspects of early non-cognitive development (e.g. hyperactivity, pro-social behaviour, peer and conduct problems at 4–5 years of age) on children’s academic achievement at 6–11 years of age from a large, longitudinal and nationally representative sample. The study found early hyperactivity to be the strongest predictor of academic achievement at age 10–11 years of age. Further, early hostile parenting styles, child’s gender, and parental educational levels were the strongest and most consistent predictors of children’s non-cognitive development. Findings from this study further clarify the relational nature of aspects of non-cognitive development and academic outcomes, as well as the factors that best predict early non-cognitive development.
Secondary succession and its effects on soil nutrients and fungal communities.

Fungi serve many purposes in ecosystems—from fixing nitrogen for plants to decomposing detritus. Their positive effects on forest ecosystems are well documented, but how fungal communities are affected by disturbances and change during succession is less well understood. We studied fungal communities and levels of nitrogen and carbon in the soil of forests in different stages of secondary succession following a burn chronosequence. In our study we surveyed seven species of fungi common in Northern Michigan in three burn plots at the University of Michigan Biological Station in Pellston, Michigan. We surveyed each plot three times. We also took soil samples from each plot to assess their nitrogen and carbon levels. We found no significant difference in the diversity of fungal species between plots, levels of soil nitrogen and carbon, or the carbon to nitrogen ratio between plots. However, the proportions of mycorrhizal and decomposing fungi were significantly different between plots. These data are useful for determining how fungal communities differ in different successional stages, which has not been extensively studied. Fungal community composition has a large impact on carbon and nitrogen cycling, as well as the rate of decomposition in forest ecosystems. This affects the plant communities that can thrive in these environments.
Author Stance in Doctoral Dissertations of Native and Non-Native Speakers of English : A Corpus-Based Study on Epistemic Nouns

Academic writing is not just about conveying an ideational ‘content’, it is also about the representation of the self (Hyland, 2002, p. 1092). It allows writers ‘to gain credibility by projecting an identity invested with the individual authority, displaying confidence in their evaluations and commitment to their ideas (Hyland, 2002, p. 1092). Our study concentrates on the epistemic adverbs used in conveying author stance in academic English. The Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis (Granger, 1996) was run to three sets of corpora comprising doctoral dissertations written by native and non-native academic authors of English. Epistemic adverbs occurring in the dissertations were identified through a computer programme and their frequencies were separately computed for each corpus. Lastly, a log-likelihood test was administered to see whether there is a statistically significant difference across the groups in concern concerning the use of these adverbs. DOI: 10.20420/rlfe.2015. 0013
A Comparison of Caregiver and Speech-Language Pathologist's Ratings of Speech Outcome in Oral Cleft Clinic

Background: Cleft lip and/or palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies. The goal of treatment of cleft palate is normal speech, but a proportion of children with clefts exhibit speech disorders. Various outcome measures are used, but relatively few have focused on selfassessment or caregiver perception of outcome. The studies that have been done focus on comparing parents’ and speech-language pathologists’ ratings of speech outcome. These studies can be used to determine the degree to which caregivers are satisfied with speech outcome over time. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between speech ratings provided by caregivers and a speech-language pathologist for patients with clefts. Methods: A caregiver rating scale to allow caregivers to report on speech outcomes was administered as part of routine clinical history and completed by 29 caregivers. The speech language assessment protocol provided ratings of intelligibility, articulation, receptive language, expressive language, oral structure and functions, voice, resonance, and nasal emission. Caregivers’ ratings of their child’s overall speech excellence were compared to the speechlanguage pathologist’s ratings for intelligibility, articulation, and resonance. Results: Relationships were identified between caregivers’ responses to their child’s overall speech excellence and the speech-language pathologist’s ratings of intelligibility (r=.68), articulation (r=.88), and hypernasal resonance (r=.50). Conclusion: Articulation and intelligibility were most related to caregiver ratings of speech outcome. Future studies should address bigger sample sizes, control groups, multiple treatment centers, and independent ratings.
Male Nurses: More Like John Doe Than Jane Doe.

A study of 66 female and 56 male nurses employed in central Florida investigated the relationship between nursing experience and sex-role orientation and values. Nursing experience and degrees were similarly distributed across genders in the sample of nurses. The Bem Sex Role Inventory, a checklist of stereotypically feminine and masculine adjectives, and the Study of Values, an inventory of interest in and valuing of six areas (theoretical, economic, aesthetic, social, political, religious) were administered to each subject. Results indicated the male nurses scored significantly higher on Bem masculine items than the female nurses, and the female nurses scored higher on Bem feminine items than the men. Males were distributed across sex-role categories in about the same proportions as females. More female nurses were cross-typed than males. On the Study of Values, males scored slightly higher than females on economic and political values and slightly lower on social and religious values, just as non-nurse adult males do. Further analysis of the data for influence of career progression and specialty and comparison with another, similar study supported the finding of a lack of stereotypically feminine traits in male nurses. Implications for nursing student recruitment are considered. Contains 15 references. (MSE) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** MALE NURSES: MORE LIKE JOHN DOE THAN JANE DOE Lynn E. McCutcheon Florida Southern College
Location for direct access to subglacial Lake Ellsworth: An assessment of geophysical data and modeling

Subglacial Lake Ellsworth has been proposed as a candidate for direct measurement and sampling, to identify microbial life and extract sedimentary climate records. We present a detailed characterization of the physiography of this subglacial lake from geophysical surveys, allowing bathymetry and geomorphic setting to be established. Lake Ellsworth is 14.7 km × 3.1 km with an area of 28.9 km2. Lake depth increases downlake from 52 m to 156 m, with a water body volume of 1.37 km3. The ice thickness suggests an unusual thermodynamic characteristic, with the critical pressure boundary intersecting the lake. Numerical modeling of water circulation has allowed accretion of basal ice to be estimated. We collate this physiographic and modeling information to confirm that Lake Ellsworth is ideal for direct access and propose an optimal drill site. The likelihood of dissolved gas exchange between the lake and the borehole is also assessed.
The effectiveness of social storiesâ—¢ to develop social interactions with adults with characteristics of autism spectrum disorder

Most research into the effectiveness of Social Stories has focused on children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study examines the use of Social Stories with four adults with learning disabilities and social communication impairments characteristic of ASD. This study employed an N = 1 multiple-baseline, acrossparticipant, AB design with fade and maintenance probe stages. Each participant was involved in two Social Story interventions. The intervention and data collection was carried out by support staff who knew the participants. Results found that all target behaviours showed positive change during at least one phase of the study, although data indicated a return towards baseline levels across all behaviours into the probe phase. Social Stories had positive effect on improving social interaction in adults with social interaction impairments, even though this effect was short-lived. As the behaviours targeted were long standing, longer intervention which is contextspecific may enable more permanent changes to occur.
Delay in Performing Primary Angioplasty: Is it Due to a Reason Related to the Patient or to the Healthcare System?

Results PCTA was performed in 224 patients admitted with diagnosis of AMI. The median values (25 to 75 percentile) were “patient time”: 60 minutes (40-150), “medical care time”: 93 minutes (72-128). “Medical care time” includes: time 1 (hospital arrival-EICT activation): 20 minutes (10-45), time 2 (EICT activation-admission to cath lab): 38 minutes (23-52), time 3 (admission to cath labfirst balloon inflation): 31 minutes (21-45).
The Introduction of Serfdom and Labor Markets

We provide evidence of how restrictions on labor mobility, such as serfdom and other types of labor coercion, impact labor market outcomes. To do so, we estimate the impact of a large negative shock to labor mobility in the form of the reintroduction of serfdom in Denmark in 1733, which was targeted at limiting the mobility of farmhands. Using a unique data source based on the archives of estates from the eighteenth century, we test whether serfdom affected the wages of farmhands more strongly than other groups in the labor market, and results based on a differences-in-differences approach reveal evidence consistent with a strong negative effect following its introduction. We also investigate whether one mechanism was that boys with rural backgrounds were prevented from taking up apprenticeships in towns, and find suggestive evidence that this was indeed the case. Thus, our results suggest that serfdom was effectively reducing mobility.
GALAXY AND MASS ASSEMBLY (GAMA): MID-INFRARED PROPERTIES AND EMPIRICAL RELATIONS FROM WISE

The Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey furnishes a deep redshift catalog that, when combined with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), allows us to explore for the first time the mid-infrared properties of >110, 000 galaxies over 120 deg2 to z ≃ 0.5. In this paper we detail the procedure for producing the matched GAMA-WISE catalog for the G12 and G15 fields, in particular characterizing and measuring resolved sources; the complete catalogs for all three GAMA equatorial fields will be made available through the GAMA public releases. The wealth of multiwavelength photometry and optical spectroscopy allows us to explore empirical relations between optically determined stellar mass (derived from synthetic stellar population models) and 3.4 μm and 4.6 μm WISE measurements. Similarly dust-corrected Hα-derived star formation rates can be compared to 12 μm and 22 μm luminosities to quantify correlations that can be applied to large samples to z < 0.5. To illustrate the applications of these relations, we use the 12 μm star formation prescription to investigate the behavior of specific star formation within the GAMA-WISE sample and underscore the ability of WISE to detect star-forming systems at z ∼ 0.5. Within galaxy groups (determined by a sophisticated friends-of-friends scheme), results suggest that galaxies with a neighbor within 100 h−1 kpc have, on average, lower specific star formation rates than typical GAMA galaxies with the same stellar mass.
Pay Cycles: Individual and Aggregate Effects of Paycheck Frequency

This paper shows that the frequency at which workers are paid affects the within-month patterns of both household expenditure and aggregate economic activity. To identify causal effects, I exploit two novel sources of exogenous variation in pay frequency in the US. First, using an as-good-as-random variation in the pay frequency of retired couples, I show that those who are paid more frequently have smoother expenditure paths. Second, I take advantage of crossstate variation in labor laws to compare patterns of economic activity in states in which the frequency with which wages are paid differs. I document that low pay frequencies lead to within-month business cycles when many workers are paid on the same dates, which in turn generates costly congestion in sectors with capacity constraints. These findings have important policy implications for contexts where firms and workers do not internalize such congestion externalities as this situation leads to market equilibria with suboptimally low pay frequencies and few paydays.
Decision Making Approaches for Complex Adaptive Systems in Built Environment

The decision processes in the construction industry are complex with several dimensions that have to be taken into consideration. These comprise, for instance, of the urban planning, health and safety, facilities management, and energy efficiency. The process of designing and erecting a building usually involves multiple and conflicting objectives such as cost, time, quality, resource utilization, to name a few. The decisions in addressing various aspects concerning the construction process and the sustainability of the end product are numerous and of the conflicting nature. Therefore, finding an appropriate decision making approach is the cornerstone of the effective decision process. This paper proposes the use of biomimicry and genetic algorithms as an alternative to the established practice in decision making for the complex and adaptive system in built environment.
On the Relationships between Wages, Prices, and Economic Activity

We take a closer look at the connections between wages, prices, and economic activity. We find that causal relationships between wages and prices are difficult to identify, and the ability of wages to help predict future inflation is limited. Wages appear to be useful in assessing the current state of labor markets, but they are not necessarily sufficient for thinking about where the economy and inflation are going.
Measuring the Academic Self-Efficacy of Undergraduates: The Role of Gender and Academic Year Experience

Self-efficacy beliefs provide the foundation for human motivation, well-being, and personal accomplishment. This study measured the levels of academic self-efficacy of undergraduates and also examined whether there any differences in academic selfefficacy with respect to gender and academic year. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from undergraduates who enrolled the Bachelor of Commerce degree programme at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura. The outcome of the study revealed that undergraduates lacked the confidence to ask and answer questions, seek help from lecturers, have a study plan and engage in academic discussion and note-taking. However, the findings also demonstrated that undergraduates were not hesitant about seeking help from friends, had confidence on meeting the deadlines and completing the degree within four years. Interestingly, females displayed higher academic self-efficacy than males. Specifically, the data were supported to conclude that there were significant differences in academic self-efficacy with respect to academic years. Keywords—Academic year, bachelor of commerce undergraduates, gender, self-efficacy.
Toxicity of some new insecticides against Trichogramma chilonis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) under laboratory and extended laboratory conditions.

Studies on the toxicity of some new insecticides against Trichogramma chilonis were carried out under laboratory and extended laboratory conditions following the guidelines recommended by International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC). Field Recommended Concentrations (FRCs) of six insecticides viz., emamectin benzoate, lufenuron, flubendiamide, spinosad, indoxacarb and neem oil were tested against all the life stages of the parasitoid under laboratory conditions. Persistent toxicity of the insecticides against the most susceptible life stage (adult) of the wasp was also determined. Results regarding the harmful effects of the insecticides on the different life stages of T. chilonis revealed that flubendiamide was the most selective of all the tested insecticides for the development, survival and fecundity of the wasp. Spinosad, closely followed by emamectin benzoate severely curtailed adult survival and fecundity and to a lesser degree, the development of immature stages inside host eggs. Indoxacarb was also recorded as "slightly harmful" to all, except the egg stage of the wasp. Lufenuron exhibited significantly higher level of toxicity against the larval stage. Neem oil was "harmless" to the eggs, pupae and adults but exerted "slightly harmful" effects on larval development and female fecundity. Persistency test showed that flubendiamide and lufenuron were "short lived", indoxacarb was "slightly persistent" and spinosad and emamectin benzoate were classified as "moderately persistent". On the basis of this study, it could be concluded that flubendiamide is considerably safe, neem oil, indoxacarb and lufenuron are mildly toxic for the bio-control agent, while spinosad and emamectin proved highly toxic of all the insecticides.
Maximizing the Impact of Digitization

RAUL KATZ Telecom Advisory Services LLC Policymakers today face a different environment for information and communications technology (ICT) than the one for which they designed policies. ICT technologies are far more pervasive than they were previously: more people today have access to a mobile phone than to electricity, powering exponential growth in global data generation.1 With ICT access approaching ubiquity, policymakers’ next challenge is to ensure that individuals, businesses, and governments are making the best possible use of networks and applications. Countries that have achieved advanced levels of digitization—the mass adoption of connected digital technologies and applications by consumers, enterprises, and governments— have realized significant benefits in their economies, their societies, and the functioning of their public sectors. Previous attempts to measure the impact of ICT have focused primarily on assessing the economic effects of widespread access to either wireless or broadband technologies. But in developing a comprehensive methodology to measure the impact of digitization, Booz & Company found greater benefits linked to growing usage of digital technologies and applications, rather than access alone. We also found that benefits are not just economic, but encompass social and political spheres as well. Digitization offers incremental economic growth: countries at the most advanced stage of digitization derive 20 percent more in economic benefits than those at the initial stage. Digitization has a proven impact on reducing unemployment, improving quality of life, and boosting citizens’ access to public services. Finally, digitization allows governments to operate with greater transparency and efficiency. Policymakers have an important role to play in ensuring that their countries are progressing toward advanced stages of digitization. They need to acknowledge where they currently stand and recognize the benefits of digitization. Finally, they need to shift focus away from access and set into motion programs and plans that focus on the widespread adoption and usage of technology. That includes elevating digitization on the national agenda, including the systematic planning and tracking of their efforts; evolving sector governance structure; adopting an ecosystem perspective; enabling competition; and stimulating demand.