Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cross-over effect of neuromuscular fatigue in the plantar flexors

Background Neuromuscular fatigue may be defined as an exercise-induced impairment in the ability to generate voluntary muscle force or power. This reduction in performance may occur during maximal or submaximal exercise, and the mechanisms contributing to this fatigue starts simultaneously with exercise. Fatiguability may be quantified by changes in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force and this muscular impairment of force capacity may be caused by peripheral or central mechanisms. Fatigue may not only affect the exercising muscles, but also other muscles not participating in the exercise. This is called a cross-over effect. Aim The purpose of this study was to quantify neuromuscular fatigue in the plantar flexor muscles, and assess if there was a cross-over effect from the exercised leg to the contralateral, non-exercised leg. Underlying mechanisms in terms of peripheral and central fatigue was in addition investigated. Method 13 participants, age 23.7 ± 1.9 years volunteered for this study, and attended for two testing sessions in the lab. Electromyography and force recordings were sampled. Measurements prior to (PRE) and after (POST) fatigue consisted of electrical stimulations and MVCs, and were conducted on both legs in counterbalanced order. At PRE stimulations at intensities eliciting maximal H-reflexes (Hmax) and M-waves (Mmax) amplitudes were given at rest and during four MVCs. The fatiguing tasks were performed on the right leg only (exercised leg) and consisted of three submaximal, isometric plantar flexions at 50% of MVC force, until exhaustion. The POST measurements consisted of stimulations at Mmax intensity at rest and during MVC, followed by redetermination of Hmax intensity if needed. Then stimulations at the given intensity was given at rest and during MVC. Results The initial MVC force significantly decreased to after the fatiguing tasks, in both exercised and non-exercised leg, with about 18% and 8% respectively. One of the variable describing peripheral fatigue significantly decreased in both legs, although more pronounced in the exercised leg, with reductions of ~54% in the exercised leg and of ~15% in the nonexercised leg. There were no major changes in central parameters. Conclusion The present study evaluating neuromuscular fatigue in the plantar flexors, found a cross-over effect to the contralateral, non-exercised leg. Peripheral mechanisms seem mainly to have attributed to the decrease in MVC force in the exercised leg, and to explain the effect of fatigue seen in the contralateral leg. Central mechanisms seems less to contribute.
Simulation of Thermal behavior of a Two-speed Dual Clutch Transmssion

In order to study the thermal behaviour of a two-speed dual clutch transmission (DCT), mathematic calculation and simulation will be conducted. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of power losses and heat transfer in DCT. The power losses components include wet clutches, concentric shaft, power losses caused by gear meshing, gear windage, churning, and bearings. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, simulations are conducted based on the presented theoretical analysis and developed powertrain model using different vehicle test driving cycles. Thermal behaviour study can contribute to the optimization design of future transmissions and calculating its reliability.
Effect of processing on the nutritional contents of yam and cocoyam tubers

Objective: To evaluate the effect of processing on the nutrient content of yam and cocoyam ( Colocasia esculentum) tubers. Methodology and results: Two species of water yam ( Dioscorea alata ) and white yam ( Dioscorea rotundata ) were subjected to various processing methods, i.e. boiling, sun-drying and roasting. The proximate, chemical and pasting properties of the processed yams were determined. The results showed that the moisture content (flour) ranged from 5.01 to 15.71%; ash content from 1.88 to 5.50%; fat content d from 0.24 to 0.75%; protein content from 0.03 to 5.02%; amylose from 23.35 to 33.28%; sugar content 2.13 to 7. 59% and starch content from 62.94 to 93.67%. The Tannin content ranged from 0 to 1.10%, swelling power from 5.63 to 9.95%; soluble content from 4.10 to 11.30% and trough set point from 18.75 to 189.71 o C. The break down set point ranged from 4.63 o C to 97.46 o C ; final viscosity from 47.79 to 366.38 RVU; set back from 24.33 to 213.96 RVU; peak time from 4.6 to 7 min and the pasting temperature from 61.84 to 62.40 o C. There exists significant difference (P < 0.005) among the samples analyzed. Conclusion: Apart from establishing the nutritional contents of these commonly consumed yams that are semi-perishable, the effects of the common traditional methods of processing on the nutrient contents are established. It was found that fresh- oven-dried and fresh -sun dried were better processing methods.
The relationships of cruise image, perceived value, satisfaction, and post-purchase behavioral intention on Taiwanese tourists

The travel industry has recognized the advantages offered by global cruise tourism, now a famous tourism product in Taiwan. This research looks at the cruise image as a recreational experience and compares the results of 906 questionnaires to investigate perceived value, satisfaction and post-purchase behavioral intention. Analyzing these factors, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used for theory development. This research presents a concept and measurement using information from cruise tourists and proposes methodological and statistical procedures for measuring the relationships in order to help researchers for an overall picture. The results show that cruise image has a positive effect on tourists’ perceived value and satisfaction, and also has an indirect effective on post-purchase behavioral intention. Tourists’ perceived value influences their satisfaction positively. Plus, tourists’ perceived value and satisfaction play a significant role in post-purchase behavioral intention. Empirical findings contribute some important extensions to image relationships in cruise ship. Key words: Cruise image, perceived value, satisfaction, post-purchase behavioral intention.
Customer Characteristics’ Influence on Online Trust in Developing Countries: An Examination of Confidence Level

The advent of E-commerce opens an opportunity for fostering an environment that promotes the globalisation of markets throughout the world, especially those in developing countries like Indonesia. The importance of trust as a key facilitator of E-commerce is increasingly being recognized in academic and practitioner communities. However, empirical research in this area has been overwhelmed by contradictory conceptions of the trust construct, while inadequate attention has been paid to the influence of trust constructs on E-commerce development in different cultural environments and settings. Within these constructs, a number of consumer characteristics – such as gender and age – potentially might affect trust levels. It is therefore this initial exploratory study examines whether consumer trust appears to vary by gender, and age on E-commerce development in Indonesia. A series of paired sample t-tests and ANOVA were carried out to determine whether there was any significant difference between levels of confidence (or any significant difference in the expected problems) between Indonesian and non-Indonesian websites. It is the author’s intention to investigate other characteristics in future studies.
Modeling and deriving porous media Stokes-Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations by a multi-scale approach

Abstract. We formulate the basic equations modeling solid-electrolyte composites without surface reactions. From these equations we achieve by the two-scale convergence method homogenized Nernst-Planck-Poisson equations. Moreover, we extend the system by including Stokes flow. Again, the two-scale convergence allows the rigorous justification of the resulting homogenized and nonlinearly coupled overall system. So called “material tensors” naturally arise by the upscaling and replace the commonly used porosity parameter from engineering. The upscaled equations derived here capture more accurately porous structures by including the microscopic geometry in a systematic way. To the author’s best knowledge, this seems to be the first approach which derives the Stokes-Poisson-Nernst-Planck system being governed by porous materials and hence serves as a basis for additional specifications in the future.
Prey preference and seasonal predation by oystercatchers on limpets at San Nicolas Island, California, USA

We present data from 2 studies on San Nlcolas Island, Cahfornia, USA. First, we document changes in distribution and abundance of the Island's American black oystercatcher Haematopus bachmam population. As the oystercatcher population increased exponentially, the birds used more of the Island's rocky intertidal communities for feeding and roosting during winter and spring. Second, we document differential predation on members of a herbivorous hmpet gulld (primarily Collisella spp. ) by a wintenng flock that expanded lnto a previously unexplolted portion of the island. For 4 of the 5 prey specles (Colhsella digitalis, C. scabra, C. Lrmatula, Lottia gigantea) there was evidence for differential predation, elther selection or avoidance, by the oystercatchers. However, no slngle causal mechanism explans the pattern for all 4 specles. The combined phenomena of variation in oystercatcher distnbution in space and time and differential predation on members of the patellacean limpet gulld may have important imphcahons for the ecology of rocky intertidal communities.
/ Derleme Stress responses of Listeria monocytogenes

Bacteria are exposed to stress factors, such as heat, acid, freezing, desiccation and oxidation, in all links of the food chain. Listeria monocytogenes has the ability to grow at high salt concentrations, over wide pH and temperature ranges. Because of its ability to tolerate adverse conditions such as low water activity and low temperature, the elimination of L. monocytogenes and controlling of foodborne Listeria infections are difficult in food processing plants. Understanding the mechanisms of stress tolerance of L. monocytogenes may provide new ideas for controlling of listeriosis and the bacteria. In this paper cold, heat, osmotic, acid, alkali and oxidative stress responses of L. monocytogenes and the roles of sigma factors are reviewed.
Is Structural Quality as Assessed by the "Profil Cultural" Method Related to Quantitative Indicators of Soil Physical Quality?

ABSTRACT Soil and crop management systems change the soil structure, thereby affecting soil quality. The “profil cultural” method (PCM) has been used to identify the effects of management systems on soil structure; however, few studies relate the structures identified by the PCM to quantitative indicators of soil structural quality. This study aimed to quantify soil structures using the PCM and relate these structures to bulk density (Bd), critical bulk density (Bdc), soil aeration capacity (ea), least limiting water range (LLWR), [. ]
A közismereti tudás és az elkötelezettség hatása a szakiskolát végzettek munkaerőpiaci esélyeire = The effect of general knowledge and student engagement on vocational school graduates’ labour market opportunities

Disszertaciomban a szakiskolat vegzett palyakezdők elhelyezkedesi eselyeit befolyasolo tenyezőket vizsgalom. A dolgozat kettős fokuszu: egyreszt a szakiskolat vegzettek kozismereti tudasa es nyelvtudasa, masreszt pedig az iskola, illetve a tanult szakma iranti elkotelezettseguk munkaerőpiaci helyzetukre gyakorolt hatasat tanulmanyozom.
Impact of corporate governance quality on the cost of equity capital in an emerging market: Evidence from Malaysian listed firms

This study investigates the impact of corporate governance on the cost of equity of Malaysian public listed firms over the period of 2003-2007. Corporate governance quality is assessed using a comprehensive corporate governance index consisting six categories. Using panel data regression technique, this study finds that corporate governance has a reducing effect on cost of equity. Firms having higher corporate governance quality in terms of credible board monitoring, reliable financial reporting process, robust internal control system as well as empowering shareholders seem to enjoy a lower cost of equity. These findings suggest that those firms in emerging markets that have higher quality corporate governance suffer from fewer agency conflicts and information risk, and they also obtain significant economic benefits.
Response of Double-Crested Cormorants to a Large-Scale Egg Oiling Experiment on Lake Huron

We report on a management experiment examining the effects of large-scale egg oiling on double-crested cormorant nest abundance and measures of seasonal cormorant density (bird-days/km 2 ) from 2000 to 2005. We employed the staircase design to distinguish transient responses to management treat- ments from site and year effects that generally contribute to variation in populations. The response to egg oiling in Georgian Bay was as expected with a decline in nest abundance attributable to egg oiling. In the North Channel, nest abundance did not decline because of egg oiling but increased, reflecting either retention of nesting adults or recruitment to colonies. This surprising outcome may stem from fish escapement from pen rearing facilities in the vicinity of the oiling experiment in the North Channel. We observed no effect of egg oiling on the July-August seasonal density of cormorants. The strongest effect size was associated with site effects followed by year effects for nest abundance and seasonal density. The effect size of egg oiling on variation in nest abundance did not exceed 5% for any year in both the North Channel and Georgian Bay. Fish pen culture appears to affect coastal distribution of cormorants. 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Comparative study of immediate post placental vaginal versus intra caesarean insertion of copper T380A

Background: The study was carried out to compare modes of PPIUCD that is safety, removal and expulsion rates of immediate post placental vaginal versus intracaesarean insertion of copper T380A.Methods: This was an interventional study conducted from January 2015 to December 2016 in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad. This study involved participants who accepted PPIUCD in antenatal period and delivered in Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad. Copper T380A was inserted vaginally after taking consent in 50 postpartum mothers within 10 minutes of normal vaginal delivery and 50 women who were undergoing caesarean section for obstetric indications who accepted copper T380A from contraceptive basket. Chorioamnionitis, prolonged premature rupture of membranes, unresolved postpartum hemorrhage, major medical disorder and participants who were lost to follow up were excluded. Antibiotic cover was given for 5 days. Participants were followed up either personally or telephonically at 6 weeks, 6 months or earlier if they had any complaints.Results: Among 50 post placental vaginally copper T380A inserted participants, 6(12%) had menstrual disturbance and pain abdomen each. One participant (2%) had infection vaginitis. Among 50 intracaesarean copper T380A inserted participants, 3 (6%) had menstrual disturbance and pain abdomen each. 6 (12%) had missing strings. Missing strings which was seen only in intracaesarean group was statistically significant when compared to post placental vaginal group. Expulsion was seen only in post placental vaginally copper T380A inserted participants (4 out of 50). There was no statistically significant difference in expulsion & removal rates of both the groups.Conclusions: Both modes of PPIUCD insertion were equally safe for participants except for missing strings which was seen more in intracaesarean group and was statistically significant.
Measuring Retailer Store Image: A Scale Development Study

This paper aims at developing a reliable and valid measure of retailer store image. Scientific scale development process has been followed. Survey methodology was used to collect data. The results are tested for reliability and validity using confirmatory factor analysis. The study conceptualizes a retailer's image as a reliable and valid multidimensional construct, explained in eight dimensions. The scale can be used to measure the perception of customers with regard to these eight factors and would provide directions to managers for retailing strategies.
Effect of air temperature during light and dark periods on the iridoid glycoside content of Hedyotis diffusa.

Plant factories are year-round production systems that produce a high-quality, safe and steady supply of vegetables in a technologically controlled and automated environment. These systems are costly and consume considerable energy, which lowers their profitability. However, this weakness can be improved by cultivating medicinal plants which are one example of value-added crops. Since medicinal plants are used for medicinal purposes, high quality and safety are required. However, Higashiuchi et al. (2016) previously stated that medicinal plants are imported from foreign countries and quality and cost of the medicinal plants are not stable. Therefore, there is a real demand to promote the domestic cultivation of these plants by an improvement of cultivation technique. Hedyotis diffusa (family Rubiaceae) is used in Chinese herbal medicine to treat cancer, urinary infections, appendicitis and bronchitis (Takagi et al., 1982). This species is naturally distributed in the subtropical and tropical zones of East Asia, and its availability depends on the harvesting of wild crops. However, H. diffusa is cultivated with other similar cultivars (Lin et al., 1987; Wee and Keng, 1990), which can result in contamination and thus a lower-quality product. Therefore, it is considered that the cultivation of this crop in a plant factory would be beneficial in order to prevent from the contamination. However, to allow the year-round cultivation of high-quality H. diffusa in plant factories, it is first necessary to analyse the effects of environmental factors on its growth and the biosynthesis of its medicinal properties. The main medicinal properties of H. diffusa is the iridoids, which exist in the form of iridoid glycosides. It is considered that iridoid glycosides exist in the vacuole or cytoplasm of plant cell (Kamata, 2009). It has been reported that H. diffusa contains various types of iridoid glycosides and each of them has a unique medicinal effect (Rui et al., 2016). The Iridoid glycosides begins with glucose (Shioi et al., 2009; Takaishi et al., 2010). Therefore, it is expected that an increase in glucose output through the promotion of photosynthesis will improve the synthesis of iridoid glycosides. Photosynthesis is affected by several environmental factors, such as light intensity, humidity, CO2 concentration and temperature. Higashiuchi et al. (2016) previously showed that a high light intensity and long light period promotes the production of asperuloside, which is one kind of iridoid glycoside. However, Martz et al. (2009) found that high temperatures had a negative effect on the synthesis of iridoid glycosides in Menyanthes trifoliate L. leaves, indicating that a high production of glucose at high temperatures is not directly correlated with high levels of iridoid glycoside synthesis. In a preliminary study, Mori et al. (2015) analyzed the effects of three different air temperatures on plant growth
Acroporidae of the Caribbean

The scleractinian family Acroporidae reaches its greatest diversity in the Indo-Pacific region, where it has six extant genera and around 250 valid species, and dominates coral species composition on many reefs. Only one genus, Acropora, represented by only two species, survives in the Caribbean, although at least four other genera, Astreopora, Alveopora, Dendracis and Isopora are present in the Caribbean fossil record. Using fossil specimens from museum collections, this study reviews the Caribbean genera and species of Acroporidae and their relevance to the evolution and biogeography of the family. Two turnover periods (late Oligocene/early Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene) have been recognised as major influences on the post-Tethyan fossil history of Caribbean reef-building Scleractinia. Because of the importance of Acroporidae in the Indo-Pacific today, the successive origination and loss of taxa as well as unique taxon characteristics in the Caribbean setting are of interest in assessing the challenges faced by extant taxa under a regime of global climate change.
Budgetary Slack and Managerial Performance Models: Gender Perspective

This study aims to examine the role of the managers Involved in the budgeting process to managerial performance by considering the effects of budgetary slack behavior and character of individuals such as LOC, gender perspective. The population is all manufacturing managers holding positions of functional managers in the city of Surabaya. The sampling method was convenience sampling because of the unavailability of complete the data about the number of female and male managers are easy to find and has the characteristics of the study sample will be used as respondents.The research hypothesis will be tested using statistical tools PLS (Partial Least Squares) in two different gender groups because PLS has advantages over the other multivariate techniques to measure individual behavior variables.The results showed that there was no difference between male and female managers are equally perform budgetary slack in budgetary participation mechanism and this greatly affects managerial performance. It Allows doing positive budgetary slack. This phenomenon is supported by the personal character of female managers who have an external LOC, while the male manager were not affected the character of the LOC. The manager did slack supported, because there are conservative measures in anticipation of future environmental uncertainty. Keywords: Locus of Control, Budgetary Slack, Budgetary Participation, Managerial Performance, Gender Perspective.
Why does the Jeans Swindle work

When measuring the mass profile of any given cosmological structure through internal kinematics, the distant background density is always ignored. This trick is often refereed to as the "Jeans Swindle". Without this trick a divergent term from the background density renders the mass profile undefined, however, this trick has no formal justification. We show that when one includes the expansion of the Universe in the Jeans equation, a term appears which exactly cancels the divergent term from the background. We thereby establish a formal justification for using the Jeans Swindle.