Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi Guru Fisika

This study aims to map the pedagogical competence and professional competence of teachers high school physics teacher competency test participants (UKG) in 2012. The study was conducted qualitatively by exposure method facto supported the survey results in the form of FGD field visits in 2013 to 2015. The research data is secondary data test results of high school physics teacher competence and FGD data obtained from a visit to several cities in several provinces. Teacher competency test secondary data obtained from the Center for Professional Development of Teachers (PUSBANGPRODIK) Kemdikbud. Teacher competency test was mapped by the standard of essential indicators of teacher competence. For pedagogical competence there are 22 essential indicators, while professional competence are 59 essential indicators. Teacher competency test results in 2012 illustrate that there is one indicator pegagogik at the lowest level, 12 indicators at low levels, while the professional indicator has one indicator at a very low level, 25 indicators at low levels. Based on the results of focus group discussions and field surveys conducted in several high schools in several provinces in 2013 and 2015 found that teachers are less creative in designing scientific learning student-centered. Teachers lack pedagogical training and training to improve the mastery of concepts of physics. Availability of laboratory experiments are also very limited. Textbooks to support the professional competence of teachers of physics that is not owned by the school library.
Functors of Artin rings

0. Introduction. In the investigation of functors on the category of preschemes, one is led, by Grothendieck [3], to consider the following situation. Let A be a complete noetherian local ring, ,u its maximal ideal, and k = A/l the residue field. (In most applications A is k itself, or a ring of Witt vectors.) Let C be the category of Artin local A-algebras with residue field k. A covariant functor F from C to Sets is called pro-representable if it has the form
Strategy Self-Verbalization During Remedial Listening Comprehension Instruction

This experiment investigated the effects of strategy self-verbalization on children's self-efficacy and listening comprehension. Children with language deficiencies in grades two through four received instruction in listening comprehension. One-half of the children in each grade verbalized explicit strategies prior to applying them to questions. Strategy self-verbalization led to higher self-efficacy across grades, and promoted performance among third and fourth graders, but did not benefit second graders. Future research should apply strategy self-verbalization to other language skills and should explore the effects of covert fading.
ONE OF ThE mAjOR DESIGNS PRINCIPLES TO REDUCE ThE CONSUmPTION OF ThE RADIATED ENERGY AND ThE OPERATING ENERGY IS TO ADjUST ThE CAPACITY OF ThE NETWORK TO ThE DEmAND .

Date of publication: 15 October 2014 T he densification and expansion of wireless networks pose new challenges on energy efficiency. With a drastic increase of infrastructure nodes (e.g. ultradense deployment of small cells), the total energy consumption may easily exceed an acceptable level. While most studies focus on the energy radiated by the antennas, the bigger part of the total energy budget is actually consumed by the hardware (e.g., coolers and circuit energy consumption). The ability to shut down infrastructure nodes (or parts of it) or to adapt the transmission strategy according to the traffic will therefore become an important design aspect of energy-efficient wireless architectures. Network infrastructure should be regarded as a resource that can be occupied or released on demand, and the modeling and optimization of such systems are highly nontrivial problems. In particular, elements of the network infrastructure should be released by taking into account traffic forecasts to avoid losing the required coverage and capacity. However, even if traffic profiles were perfectly known, the determination of the elements to be released is complicated by the potential interference coupling between active elements and the sheer size of the optimization problems in dense networks.
Speed of sound in water by a direct method

The speed of sound in distilled water wa,s m eas ured over the temperature ra nge 0° to 100° C with an acc uracy of 1 part in 30,000. The results are given as a fifth-d egree polynomial and in tables . The water was contained in a cylindrical tank of fixed lengt h, terminated at each end by a plane transducer, and the end-to-end time of flight of a pulse of sound was determined from a measurement of t he pulse-repetition frequency required to set the success ive echoes into t im e coincidence.
Currently Available Neuroimaging Approaches in Alzheimer Disease (AD) Early Diagnosis

Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a condition mainly diagnosed through clinical interpretation and neuropsychological testing. Unfortunately this leads to problems due to variations in expertise of the clinicians involved. Moreover, its diagnosis is usually achieved in later phases of the disease, which reduces the scope of useful interventions. In this chapter we will review the different brain imaging approaches used for both AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a condition which evolves into AD in an important proportion of cases (between 10-15 % yearly) (Petersen, 2008). It has been hypothesized that the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the AD brain triggers a cascade of neurodegenerative events, including inflammatory processes, neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, and neuronal network dysfunction with synaptic loss and neurotransmitter deficits. Such events are manifested by progressive impairment of cognitive functions (Kadir et al, 2011). Years ago, an accurate diagnosis of AD was considered only possible using a demonstration of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles at post-mortem histopathological analysis of the brain (Wiley et al, 2009). At present there are promising methods for the in vivo assessment of the extent of AD. The typical findings of these brain imaging techniques are different and they are summarized in Table 1. These neuroimaging methods may help in AD early diagnosis as well as helping in differentiating AD from other neurodegenerative conditions. Although some pioneering work started in the 1970s, the explosion of knowledge regarding brain imaging methods for AD diagnosis is a matter of the last two decades.
SHOCK GEOMETRY AND SPECTRAL BREAKS IN LARGE SEP EVENTS

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are traditionally classified as “impulsive” or “gradual. ” It is now widely accepted that in gradual SEP events, particles are accelerated at coronal mass ejection-driven (CME-driven) shocks. In many of these large SEP events, particle spectra exhibit double power law or exponential rollover features, with the break energy or rollover energy ordered as (Q/A)α, with Q being the ion charge in e and A the ion mass in units of proton mass mp. This Q/A dependence of the spectral breaks provides an opportunity to study the underlying acceleration mechanism. In this paper, we examine how the Q/A dependence may depend on shock geometry. Using the nonlinear guiding center theory, we show that α ∼ 1/5 for a quasi-perpendicular shock. Such a weak Q/A dependence is in contrast to the quasi-parallel shock case where α can reach 2. This difference in α reflects the difference of the underlying parallel and perpendicular diffusion coefficients κ|| and κ⊥. We also examine the Q/A dependence of the break energy for the most general oblique shock case. Our analysis offers a possible way to remotely examine the geometry of a CME-driven shock when it is close to the Sun, where the acceleration of particle to high energies occurs.
Effect of machine milking on bovine teat sinus injury and teat canal keratin

A study was undertaken to establish, through morphological analysis, changes in teat cellular structure which may occur as a result of machine milking with different machine settings. Two milking machine systems were compared in two experiments. There were two treatments, namely, NB with 1.65kg clusters, 275ml claws, narrow-bore tapered liners (25.0mm ‐ 20.0mm) with 2x2 pulsation, and WB with 3.2kg clusters, 150ml claws, wide-bore tapered liners (31.6mm ‐ 20.6mm) and 4x0 pulsation. Cows were randomised into groups for Experiment 1 based on milk yield, cell count and teat-end condition; they were randomised in Experiment 2 based on lactation number. In Experiment 1, eight cows were assigned to either WB or NB milking systems for 118 days at the end of lactation. Clusters were removed at a milk flow-rate of 0.2 kilograms per minute or after five minutes of over-milking. In Experiment 2, eighteen cows were assigned to either WB or NB systems post-calving, and were milked for a complete lactation. Three cows from each milking system were subsequently allowed a 42-day dry period before culling. The cows in both experiments were slaughtered and their teats were recovered and fixed in a formalin solution within three hours of their last milking, or after the 42-day dry period. Sections of teat tissue were examined under a light microscope and assessed for teat sinus morphology. The teat sinus was visually scored from zero to five for epithelial damage, increased red blood cells and oedema. The total score for each teat was then expressed as total teat sinus injury (TSI). The area of the teat canal epithelium and the area of keratin were measured and the amount of teat canal keratin (TCK) was expressed as a percentage of the overall area. There was not a difference in TCK between the milking systems, when first lactation cows were compared. There were lower (p<0.05) oedema scores with the NB milking system than with the WB system in Experiments 1 and 2. Teats over-milked for five minutes had higher (p<0.001) TSI and lower (p<0.01) TCK than teats from which clusters were removed at a milk flow-rate of 0.2kg/min. The areas of TCK as a percentage of the teat canal epithelium was greater (p<0.001) in first lactation cows than in cows with four or more lactations completed. Front and hind teats had similar results for each teat parameter measured. TCK increased (p<0.05) following a 42-day dry period, but TSI was not significantly better.
Lethal Streptococcus pyogenes post-partum sepsis : Molecular 1 analysis of an outbreak 2

Claire E Turner, Matthew Dryden, Matthew T G Holden, Frances J Davies, Richard A 3 Lawrenson, Leili Farzaneh, Stephen D Bentley, Androulla Efstratiou, Shiranee 4 Sriskandan. 5 6 Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du 7 Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, 8 Hampshire, SO22 5DG UK, Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, 9 Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK, Microbiology Reference Services Division, Public 10 Health England (formerly Health Protection Agency), Colindale, London, NW8 5EQ, UK. 11 12 Author for correspondence: 13 Prof. Shiranee Sriskandan FRCP PhD 14 The National Centre for Infection Prevention and Management 15 Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunity 16 Imperial College Faculty of Medicine 17 Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN 18 Tel +44 (0)208 383 3135/3243; Fax +44 (0)208 383 3394 19 s.sriskandan@imperial.ac. uk 20 21 Running title: S. pyogenes post-partum sepsis 22 23 Copyright © 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/JCM.00679-13 JCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 24 April 2013
The Talent Development of American Physics Olympians

Abstract Fifty-five United States Physics Olympians and their parents participated in the study to answer three research questions: Did the United States Physics Olympians fulfill their high potential? What factors contributed to or hindered the development of the Olympians’ talent? What was the impact of the Olympiad program? The results showed that these Olympians produced 328 research products and patents and over 55% of them have or are pursuing a Ph.D. degree. Several home and school influences were found to contribute to the Physics Olympians’ talent development. The overall evaluation of the Olympiad program was positive, although some hindrances were identified.
Keeping youth in play

Participation in sports activities is very popular among adolescents, and is frequently encouraged among youth. Many psychosocial health benefits in youth are attributed to sports participation, but to what extent this positive influence holds for juvenile delinquency is still not clear on both the theoretical and empirical level. There is much controversy on whether sports participation should be perceived as a protective or a risk factor for the development of juvenile delinquency. A multilevel meta-analysis of 51 published and unpublished studies, with 48 independent samples containing 431 effect sizes and N = 132.366 adolescents, was conducted to examine the relationship between sports participation and juvenile delinquency and possible moderating factors of this association. The results showed that there is no overall significant association between sports participation and juvenile delinquency, indicating that adolescent athletes are neither more nor less delinquent than non-athletes. Some study, sample and sports characteristics significantly moderated the relationship between sports participation and juvenile delinquency. However, this moderating influence was modest. Implications for theory and practice concerning the use of sports to prevent juvenile delinquency are discussed.
TERATOGENIC EFFECT OF CISPLATIN-TREATMENT IN MICE FETUS

Cisplatin is a drug with widespread use in the treatment of malignant tumors such as ovarian, testis, bladder cancers. The use of the drug is limited because of many side effects on different organs. Considering the above mentioned, the necessity of studying of destructive effects of the drug during pregnancy from maternal to fetal is raised. High dose of Cisplatin (10 mg/kg) was IP injected to the experimental group on sixth and twelfth days of pregnancy Control group received normal saline as IP injection on sixth and twelfth days of pregnancy. Data expressed as Mean±SEM T-test as well as SPSS software were used to data analysis and P<0.05 was considered. Analysis results of the obtained data related to fetal weight, CRL, Skull length and skull width measurement show that the experimental group CRL measure is lower meaningfully lower compared with the control group (P<0.05). It is suggested that cancerous patients doesn’t use Cisplatin under any circumstance during pregnancy and lactating; so, if the use of the drug is necessary it is suggested that a complex of different anti oxidants such as arachidonic acid, ascorbic acid, super oxide dismutase, and antioxidants especially vitamins E and C be used.
Chemical composition of tempeh from soybean cultivars specially developed for human consumption

O tempeh e um alimento obtido por meio da fermentacao dos graos de soja pelo fungo Rizophusoligosporus. E um alimento tradicional da Indonesia que apresenta beneficios para a saude humana, protegendo contra a diarreia e doencas cronicas. O processamento de tempeh inclui descasque, cozimento, inoculacao e fermentacao. Nesse estudo, as caracteristicas quimicas de tempeh produzido com cultivares de soja especialmente desenvolvidas para alimentacao humana, BRS 216, BRS 232, BRS 257 e BRS 267 foram investigadas. Os graos das cultivares e os tempehs foram analisados quanto aos teores de oleo e proteina, fatores antinutricionais e teor de isoflavonas. A cultivar BRS 216 apresentou o maior teor de proteina no tempeh (51,99%) e nos graos (36,81%). Em media, no tempeh, o teor de proteina aumentou 16%. O teor total de isoflavonas foi maior nos graos do que nos tempehs, com diferencas significativas entre as cultivares. O conteudo de isoflavonas agliconas aumentou em media cerca de 50% nos tempehs (49,00 mg.100 g-1 em media), quando comparados com a materia-prima graos de soja (21,49 mg.100 g-1 em media). O conteudo de inibidor de tripsina de Kunitz (KSTI) apresentou uma reducao de 83% nos tempehs em relacao ao conteudo observado nos graos. Os teores de acido fitico nos tempehs e nos graos de soja foram semelhantes.
Elementary Teachers' Perceived Mathematics Anxiety And Teaching Efficacy In Relationship To Students' Mathematics Achievement

The focus of this research was to determine to what extent, if any, there were relationships among elementary teacher anxiety about learning mathematics, their anxiety about the mathematics they teach, their mathematics teaching efficacy beliefs, and their students‘ mathematics achievement. The researcher also investigated potential intervening variables such as gender, grade level taught, level of college degree, and years of teaching experience, that may influence these relationships. Teachers (N = 119) from 11 elementary schools in a west central Florida school district participated in this study and completed the Mathematics Anxiety and Teaching Efficacy Survey. Survey data on mathematics anxiety and teaching efficacy were analyzed and correlated with mathematics achievement data, as measured by the 2009 Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) mathematics subtest. Through a review of the research results and related literature, the researcher concluded that there was not a statistically significant relationship between teachers‘ perceived mathematics anxiety, anxiety about teaching mathematics, and student achievement. However, mathematics teaching efficacy was significantly correlated in a positive direction with student achievement. Review of the data also revealed that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between teachers‘ perceived mathematics anxiety and anxiety about teaching mathematics. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between anxiety about teaching mathematics and mathematics teaching efficacy.
Institutions and credit

It is well-known that the extent of credit lent to private agents differs widely between countries. The `financial deepening' of the economy offers opportunities as well as financial risks. This study investigates the extent to which institutional characteristics are re- lated to countries' level of credit depth. The findings suggest that the formalization of property rights, contracting, and competition institutions is positively related to an increase in the level of credit to the private sector. This result remains robust when controlling for the effect of financial policy. The effect of institutional characteristics on banks' lending capacity and investment is mixed. However, overall, institutional formalization has a positive impact on credit deepening and investment.
Murine myeloma proteins with different specificities are produced by induction of plasmacytomas in

Murine myeloma proteins with different specificities are produced by induction of plasmacytomas in BALB/c and NZB mice after intraperitoneal injection of mineral oil or solid plastic material (1-7). Their specificities have been characterized by their ability to react with various antigens such as dextran, levan, fl(1---~6)-D-galactan, nucleic acid, pneumococcal C polysaccharide, serum lipoprotein, dinitrophenyl-substituted protein, glycoproteins with nonreducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (8) and proteins containing artificially introduced N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues (8). The specificities and combining site sizes of BALB/c and NZB myeloma antidextrans have been extensively studied by quantitative precipitin inhibition assays (9-12) and have been confirmed by measurements of their association constants by equilibrium dialysis (13, 14), fluorescence quenching (13, 15), and affinity electrophoresis (16, 17). The cavity-type combining site of the BALB/c anti-dextran W3129 specific for terminal nonreducing chains of a(1---~6)-linked dextrans is most complementary to isomaltopentaose (11, 13, 15, 16), whereas the groove-type combining sites of BALB/c QUPC52 antidextran specific for internal chains of a(1--~6)-linked glucoses was most complementary to isomaltohexaose (11, 13). NZB antidextrans PC3658 and PC3936 are also specific for internal a(1--~6) chains, although their combining site sizes are somewhat uncertain (12). With BALB/c myeloma antidextrans specific for a(1---~3)linked glucose, nigerotriose showed the greatest complementarity with UPC102 and MOPC 104E (9, 11), whereas nigeropentaose was best with J558 (10). In the present investigation, the immunochemical specificity of the combining site of CAL20 TEPC 1035, an IgG2b myeloma protein, reactive with dextrans having high proportions of a(1--)3) linkages has been studied and has also been compared with murine myeloma antidextrans reported previously. It has a combining site that differs from those of all other antidextrans studied.
Testing Competitive Market Structures

An accurate understanding of the structure of competition is important in the formulation of many marketing strategies. For example, in new product launch, product reformulation, or positioning decisions, the strategist wants to know which of his competitors will be most affected and hence most likely to respond. Many marketing science models have been proposed to identify market structure. In this paper we examine the managerial problem and propose a criterion by which to judge an identified market structure. Basically, our criterion is a quantification of the intuitive managerial criterion that a “submarket” is a useful conceptualization if it identifies which products are most likely to be affected by “our” marketing strategies. We formalize this criterion within the structure of classical hypothesis testing so that a marketing scientist can use statistical statements to evaluate a market structure identified by: 1 behavioral hypotheses, 2 managerial intuition, or 3 market structure identification algorithms. Mathematically, our criterion is based on probabilities of switching to products in the situation where an individual's most preferred product is not available. 'Submarkets' are said to exist when consumers are statistically more likely to buy again in that 'submarket' than would be predicted based on an aggregate “constant ratio” model. For example, product attributes e.g., brand, form, size, use situations e.g., coffee in the morning versus coffee at dinner, and user characteristics e.g., heavy versus light users are specified as hypotheses for testing alternate competitive structures. Measurement and estimation procedures are described and a convergent approach is illustrated. An application of the methodology to the coffee market is presented and managerial implications of six other applications are described briefly.
Evaluating the Effects of a "Student Buddy" Initiative on Student Engagement and Motivation.

Motivation is one of the most important factors which influences second language learning (Dornyei, 1998; Gardner & Lambert, 1972). A support mechanism which reinforces student motivation through encouragement, social interaction, feedback, sound learning environments and good teaching is crucial for ensuring successful learning. This is particularly relevant in distance or online language learning settings, as learners work more autonomously and independently than in conventional classrooms and there is a higher risk of feeling isolated and not part of a well-defined and supportive learning community. This paper presents initial research conducted by the Department of Languages at the Open University to evaluate the efficacy of a peer-support initiative on level 1 modules where the drop-out rate is significant. The study is supported by both qualitative and quantitative evidence, which evaluates student engagement on the forum, the support mechanisms offered by elected peers and their role in building an online community.