Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
• SIMILARITY SOLUTIONS OF LAMINAR INCOMPRESSIBLE BOUNDARY LAYER EQUATIONS OF NON-NEWTONIAN VISCOINELASTIC FLUIDS

Using deductive group theoretic method, similarity solutions for steady, two dimensional laminar boundary layer flows of incompressible non-Newtonian viscoinelastic fluids are derived. The important conclusion drawn from the present analysis is that for non-Newtonian viscoinelastic fluids of any model, similarity solutions exist only for the flows past 90 wedge. The only limitation for the existence of similarity solutions of present flow geometry is that the stress and the rate of strain can be related by arbitrary continuous function. Numerical solution for the Prandtl-Eyring model is presented in dimensionless form as an engineering application of the present analysis.
Visualizing the Past: The Design of a Temporally Enabled Map for Presentation (TEMPO)

We present a design case for a prototype visualization tool called the Temporally Enabled Map for Presentation (TEMPO). Designed for use in the lecture classroom, TEMPO is an interactive animated map that addressed a common problem in military history: the shortcomings of traditional static (non-interactive, non-animated) maps. Static maps show spatial elements well, but cannot do more than approximate temporal events using multiple views, movement arrows, and the like. TEMPO provides a more complete view of past historical events by showing them from start to finish. In our design case we describe our development process, which included consultation with military history domain experts, classroom observations, application of techniques derived from visualization and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) literature and theory. Our design case shows how the design of an educational tool can motivate scholarly evaluation, and we describe how some theories were first embraced and then rejected as design circumstances required. Finally, we explore a future direction for TEMPO, tools to support creative interactions with visualizations where students or instructors can learn by visualizing historical events for themselves. A working version of the finished TEMPO artifact is included as an interactive element in this document.
Innovation and Climate Change Policy

This paper examines whether climate change policies will induce innovation in environmentally friendly technologies. The model demonstrates that a tighter emissions cap will reduce the scale of fossil fuel usage and that this will diminish incentives to improve fossil fuel efficiencies. In addition, such policies may stimulate the relative demand for innovations that improve the efficiency of alternative energy but carbon scarcity may diminish innovation incentives overall. Only for technologies that directly abate carbon pollution will there be an unambiguously positive impact on innovation. These results have implications for climate change targets and the design of climate change policy. (JEL O31, Q54, Q55, Q58)
Order in Garment Markets

The purpose of this theoretical article is to analyse the social construction of order in two connected markets in the production flow of the global garment industry. The consumer market is identified as a status market, while the production market is defined as a `standard' market. In a `status' market, order is maintained because the identities of actors on both sides of the market are ranked according to status, which is a more entrenched social construction than the commodity traded in the market. In a market characterized by `standard', the situation is the reverse: the commodity is a more entrenched social construction than the identity rankings of actors in the market. The study ties together consumption and production of garments through several markets.
Effect of water on the dislocation creep microstructure and flow stress of quartz and implications for the recrystallized grain size piezometer

Deformation experiments on Black Hills quartzite with three different initial water contents (as-is, water-added, and vacuum-dried) were carried out in the dislocation creep regime in order to evaluate the effect of water on the recrystallized grain size/flow stress piezometer. Samples were deformed in axial compression at temperatures of 750°–1100°C, strain rates between 2 × 10−7 s−1 and 2 × 10−4 s−1 and strains up to 46% using a molten salt assembly in a Griggs apparatus. An increase of the initial water content at otherwise constant deformation conditions caused a decrease in flow stress, an effect known as hydrolytic weakening. The total water content of the starting material was analyzed by Karl Fischer titration (KFT) and Fourier transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and quenched samples were analyzed microstructurally and by IR. Changes in the dynamic recrystallization microstructure correlate with changes in flow stress, but there is no independent effect of temperature, strain rate or water content. IR absorption spectra of the deformed spectra indicate that different water contents were maintained in the three sample sets throughout the experiments. However, the amounts of water measured within the vacuum-dried (∼260 ± 40 ppm H2O), the as-is (∼340 ± 50 ppm H2O), and the water-added (∼430 ± 110 ppm H2O) samples are significantly smaller than the initial content of the quartzite (∼640 ± 50 ppm H2O). Water from the inclusions in the starting material adds to the free fluid phase along the grain boundaries, which probably controls the water fugacity and the flow strength, but this water is largely lost during IR sample preparation. Vacuum-dried as well as water-added samples have the same recrystallized grain size/flow stress relationship as the piezometer determined for as-is samples. No independent effect of water on the piezometric relationship has been detected.
Source and Basin Effects on Rotational Ground Motions: Comparison with Translations

The recent availability of accurate observations of rotational ground mo- tions has reopened interest in understanding near-fault characteristics of such motions in the context of strong ground motion and earthquake engineering. In order to in- vestigate source and structure-dependent variations of rotational motions, we simulate several M 7 earthquakes with varying source scenarios on the Newport-Inglewood (NI) fault embedded in the 3D Los Angeles basin using a finite-difference method in the frequency range up to 0.5 Hz. We use a precalculated database with several hundred numerical Green's functions for a discretized model of the NI fault that al- lows arbitrary finite-fault scenarios to be synthesized by superposition. We investigate source and basin effects on the rotational part of ground motion (namely maximum peak ground rotation rates and their variations) and compare them with the corre- sponding values of translational motion. Our main conclusions are: (1) the pure strike- slip source mechanism leads to larger rotation rates around the vertical axis than around the horizontal ones; (2) variation of hypocenter introduces more scatter on ground rotation rate than variations of slip history; (3) the coprocessing of translation and rotation recordings might reveal information on local velocity structure as indi- cated by plane-wave theory; and (4) the attenuation of accelerations (horizontal com- ponents) and rotation rate (vertical component) with distance from the fault are very similar, suggesting that similar expressions (as a function of distance) as for the peak accelerations can be adopted for the peak rotation rates when determining their at- tenuation relations.
Phase transformation on bone cement : Monocalcium phosphate monohydrate into calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite during setting

This study evaluated the phase transformation of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) using a mixture of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) and CaCO3 as the solid phase and either water or a sodium phosphate buffer (SPB) solution (pH1⁄47.0) as the liquid phase. The synthetic CPC was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The setting reaction in the SPB solution involved three phase transformations. Firstly, MCPM and CaCO3 reacted with sodium phosphate immediately to form dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD) which continued to dissolve. Secondly, meanwhile, an intermediate amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) was formed. Finally, ACP transformed into calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA). In contrast, the reaction stopped at the first stage in water. Consequently, the SPB solution not only caused the dissolution of DCPD but also provided the buffering capacity to induce the conversion of the starting materials to CDHA. & 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r. l. All rights reserved.
#sponsored – Influencer Marketing on Instagram : An Analysis of the Effects of Sponsorship Disclosure, Product Placement, Type of Influencer and their Interplay on Consumer Responses

Influencer marketing on Instagram is a relatively new marketing strategy with which marketers try to reach out to their target group through so called influencers. Often these influencers do not disclose that they are being sponsored, which is why critics see influencer marketing as covert advertising. In order to find out how influencer marketing is perceived by consumers, an online experiment was conducted, employing a 2 (type of influencer: celebrity vs. micro-celebrity) x 2 (sponsorship disclosure: “#sponsored” vs. no disclosure) x 2 (product placement: product placement vs. no placement) between groups design. 240 German females, all registered for an Instagram account, took part in this study, which measured message credibility, brand attitude and purchase intention as consumer responses. A main effect, mediated by source credibility, of type of influencer on purchase intention could be found. No main effects for sponsorship disclosure and product placement were found. However, the interaction of type of influencer and sponsorship disclosure affected message credibility, whereas the interaction of all three independent variables affected brand attitude. Persuasion knowledge was high across all conditions and was not activated by sponsorship disclosure. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed, along with recommendations for future research.
Antioxidants and chlorophyll in cassava leaves at three plant ages

The aim of this study was to quantify antioxidant substances and chlorophyll content, as well as to measure the antioxidant activity in cassava leaf flour (CLF) of different cultivars at several plant ages, in order to lead to a higher utilization of these leaves, and consequently to an enhancement of this agricultural by-product. The contents of antioxidant substances (vitamin C, polyphenols and βcarotene) were regarded as high and increased as the plants matured. The chlorophyll content decreased with plant maturity and presented a negative correlation with antioxidant substances, which indicates that the highest antioxidant levels are found when the plant presents low chlorophyll levels. CLF showed a high antioxidant activity when the lipid oxidation inhibition method (β-carotene/linoleic acid) was used, and moderate when the free radical capture method (ABTS) was used. The main contribution to the CLF antioxidant activity seems to be provided by vitamin C, which presented the best correlation with the ABTS test. Out of the ages studied, that of 14 months presented the highest antioxidant levels; Mocotó and Pão da China cultivars stood out the most.
Relationship between Nickel Exposure and the Level of Carcinoembryonic Antigen among Welders in an Automotive Plant

Background: Study on the effect of nickel exposure in the occupational setting and its association to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) had been studied before. Questions were raised whether the result from previous study would also show the same pattern of the urinary nickel concentration in this study. Objective: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the association between urine nickel concentration and CEA level among welders in automotive part workers in Malaysia. Methodology: There were 56 welders and 44 administrative workers were recruited in this study. Urine and blood samples were collected at the end of shift towards the end of workweek. CEA was assayed in serum using TECO Diagnostic ELISA Kit. Urinary nickel was determined by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results: The mean carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations of the exposed group (4.07±2.60 ng mL-1) was significantly higher (p<0.001) than the control group (1.99±0.97 ng mL-1). Twenty seven percent of the exposed group showed values above the reference range. The mean urinary nickel level was also significantly higher (p<0.001) in the exposed group (1.99±0.91 mg L-1) than the control group. Result showed correlation between serum carcinoembryonic antigen concentration and urinary nickel concentration (r = 0.206). Conclusion: The significant elevation of urinary nickel levels in the welders compared with controls suggests that the welders were exposed to nickel fumes during welding. It is suggested that elevation of serum carcinoembryonic antigen was due to exposure to nickel during welding processes after controlling other confounding factors.
Patients' experiences with changes in perceived control in chronic illness: A pilot study of the outcomes of a new health promotion program in community health care

Among the main challenges accompanying chronic illness are uncertainty and lack of perceived control, both of which put the patient at risk of developing psychological comorbidities. This qualitative study explored patients’ experiences with changes in perceived control while engaging in a new health promotion program in their community. Participants’ bodily knowledge of chronic illness was utilized systematically in the promotion of their health during seven group sessions. Eleven men and women from the eastern part of Norway participated in the pilot implementation. Qualitative interviews were used for data collection and were analyzed according to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The findings were identified as: changes in self-awareness; accepting the limits of one’s capacity; and regaining control. This resulted in patients’ development of a strengthened capacity to handle illness-related strain and individual strategies to prevent psychological deterioration.
Reputation, concessions, and territorial civil war

Barbara Walter’s application of reputation theory to self-determination movements has advanced our understanding of why many separatist movements result in armed conflict. Walter has shown that governments of multi-ethnic societies often respond to territorial disputes with violence to deter similar future demands by other ethnic groups. When governments grant territorial accommodation to one ethnic group, they encourage other ethnic groups to seek similar concessions. However, a number of recent empirical studies casts doubt on the validity of Walter’s argument. We address recent challenges to the efficacy of reputation building in the context of territorial conflicts by delineating the precise scope conditions of reputation theory. First, we argue that only concessions granted after fighting should trigger additional conflict onsets. Second, the demonstration effects should particularly apply to groups with grievances against the state. We then test the observable implications of our conditional argument for political power-sharing concessions. Using a global sample of ethnic groups in 120 states between 1946 and 2013, we find support for our arguments. Our theoretical framework enables us to identify the conditions under which different types of governmental concessions are likely to trigger future conflicts, and thus has important implications for conflict resolution.
Simple moment-based tests for value-at-risk models and discrete distribution

In this paper, we develop moment-based tests for parametric discrete distributions. Momentbased test techniques are attractive as they provide easy-to-implement test statistics. We propose a general transformation that makes the moments of interest insensitive to the parameter estimation uncertainty. This transformation is valid for some extended families of non-differentiable moments that are of great interest in the case of discrete distributions. Considering the power function under local alternatives, we compare this strategy with the one in which parameter uncertainty is corrected. The special example of backtesting of valueat- risk (VaR) forecasts is treated in detail, and we provide simple moments that have good size and power properties in Monte Carlo experiments. Additional examples considered are discrete counting processes and the geometric distribution. We finally apply our method to backtesting of VaR forecasts derived from a T-GARCH(1,1) model estimated using foreign exchange-rate data.
Carathéodory's royal road of the calculus of variations: Missed exits to the maximum principle of optimal control theory

The purpose of the present paper is to show that the most prominent results in optimal control theory, the distinction between state and control variables, the maximum principle, and the principle of optimality, resp. Bellman's equation are immediate consequences of Carathéodory's achievements published about two decades before optimal control theory saw the light of day.
The effects of time compression on the comprehension of natural and synthetic speech

Synthetic speech is commonly used as the output signal in text-tospeech synthesizers. The purpose of this study is to determine if high quality synthetic speech, such as the type used by speech-generating devices, is perceived as well as natural human speech. Little research has looked at the comprehension of synthetic versus natural speech through the dimension of time compression. This research fills that gap by comparing the comprehension of time-compressed natural speech signals and time-compressed synthetic speech signals. A secondary aim is to determine the quality of current text-to-speech (TTS) synthesizers that come with current (as of 2010) computers. In this experiment, signal comprehension was tested with a speeded sentence verification task. Participants were able to verify natural speech sentences faster and more accurately than synthetic speech sentences. Additionally, as the sentence compression rate was increased, comprehension became more difficult for both speech conditions, with the greatest adverse affect being found for synthetic speech comprehension.
DETERMINING FACTORS OF FIRM SURVIVABILITY A STUDY OF UNIVERSITY SPIN-OFFS IN INDONESIA

Nowadays, universities in many countries are encouraged to take their research products to the next level by translating them into commercialized products to benefit society at large. In doing so, they establish a firm, a so-called University Spin-Off (USO), which specializes in carrying out the mission. A USO is a firm which is established to optimize or commercialize the Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) of the university. Previous studies into USOs, documented in the extant literature, have mainly focused on investigating the initial process of the USOs’ establishment, such as the drivers to initiate the USOs. Only a little attention has been paid to investigate the various drivers affecting the development of the USOs. Studies into the survivability of USOs are relatively limited. The current study is intended to fill this gap. Additionally, the findings are expected to add to the existing literature on USOs, particularly in the context of developing countries. This study aims at identifying the factors affecting the USOs’ survival. We used the resource-based view and contingency theory to identify and understand the various factors (internal and external) that might affect a USO’s survivability. Data for this study were collected through a survey. From the literature, we identified ten relevant factors for a USO’s survivability and 41 items to operationalize them, which we then used to develop a questionnaire. The factors are the USO’s business orientation, human resources’ reputation, product innovation, business plan, business models’ innovation, social networks, export activities, capital access, government support, and the business’s incubator. The data were collected from 111 USOs established by 14 universities located in five big cities in Indonesia. The survey was conducted from February until May 2017. Before performing the regression analysis, we deployed a factor analysis to validate the instruments and found that all the 41 items were valid and fell into ten component factors. The analysis found that there were only two factors which significantly affected the USO’s survivability: Its human resources’ reputation and social networks. These findings lead us to a conclusion that building a good reputation and maintaining its social networks are very important to ensure the survivability of a USO.
Subject searching requirements: the HILT II experience

The HILT Phase II project aimed to develop a pilot terminologies server with a view to improving cross‐sectoral information retrieval. In order to inform this process, it was first necessary to examine how a representative group of users approached a range of information‐related tasks. This paper focuses on exploratory interviews conducted to investigate the proposed ideal and actual strategies of a group of 30 users in relation to eight separate information tasks. In addition, users were asked to give examples of search terms they may employ and to describe how they would formulate search queries in each scenario. The interview process undertaken and the results compiled are outlined, and associated implications for the development of a pilot terminologies server are discussed.