Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the food of northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica in relation to its vertical distribution

The feeding behaviour of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) was studied in populations from the Clyde Sea and the Kattegat during summer and winter. The food spectrum in the stomachs was analysed using traditional taxonomic methods and biochemical techniques. The vertical migration behaviour of krill was monitored through a 30 h series of net samples, whilst the trophic environment was characterised through accompanying quantitative analyses on the depth distribution and biomass of copepods and phytoplankton. Krill was found to be more carnivorous in the Kattegat than in the Clyde Sea, which correlated with the higher ratio of copepod to phytoplankton biomass found in the Kattegat compared with the Clyde Sea. High levels of fatty alcohols and other lipid markers in the stomach contents of Kattegat krill were also indicative of a carnivorous diet. Other food sources included detritus, terrestrial material and other euphausiids, underlining the opportunistic nature of northern krill in its choice of prey items. Analyses of stomach and intestinal fullness over a diel cycle showed significant variations with time in the Clyde Sea but not in the Kattegat. However, a diel cycle in the rate of ingestion was evident at both locations when comparing the copepod mandibles in the stomachs to the distribution of copepods in the environment. The fact that deep-living Calanus was not a major prey item suggested that there was little feeding activity during the daytime, when the krill occupied the deeper layers. Instead, the majority of mandibles were from species that were dominant in the upper layers, e.g. the genera Temora and Pseudocalanus. The fact that krill caught in the daytime contained the same relative composition of mandibles in the stomach as those caught at night is probably explained by a cessation in daytime feeding activity and retention of the mandibles from the night before. It is proposed that krill in the Clyde Sea area and the Kattegat show a diel rhythm in feeding activity that is believed to be an adaptive response to minimising predation risk.
Effectively digitizing communication with Turnitin for improved writing in a multilingual classroom

This research aims to establish the effect of computer technology, specifically referring to the use of Turnitin , on writing in a South African multilingual language class. By employing a qualitative case study, the researchers observed the development of writing skills of 19 learners in an Afrikaans First Additional Language (FAL) class, utilising the internet and harnessing the use of blogs to collect data. Electronic interviews with learners and focus group discussions in a specially created chat room with other FAL teachers in the school were conducted to collect data. The conceptual framework incorporated the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework and Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development (1978). This adapted framework was employed as the lens to evaluate the efficacy of computer technology on writing. Findings indicate that the innovative application of Turnitin , a tool that provides a similarity index, to provide written corrective feedback (WCF), started an iterative cycle of review and contribution which lead to self-directed learning through spontaneous written collaboration amongst learners. Teaching was enhanced, learners felt more organised which resulted in more confidence, and learners’ individual needs were met. Instant access to the grammar rules via Turnitin’ s quick mark comment led to the integration of the grammar rules and writing which is optimal for successful Afrikaans FAL writing. Keywords: additional language teaching, written corrective feedback, self-directed learning, technology integration, Turnitin, technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)
Gibberellin and polyamines in plant growth, development, and postharvest senescence of ornamental plants – a review

The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are low-molecular weight substances, synthesized in eucariot cells from their immediate precursor, ornithine. The polyamines are found in fruits and vegetables, foods of animal origin and fermented food products. As plant growth regulators, are believed to be involved in several physiological processes. Gibberellins are plant hormones that regulate growth and influence various developmental processes and are derived via the ent-gibberellane skeleton. Gibberellins are synthesized by the terpenoid pathway in plastids and then modified in the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol until they reach their biologically-active form. Here, we show the importance gibberellin and polyamines functions in plant growth, development, and postharvest senescence of various ornamental plants. Studies initiated on the application of the polyamines and gibberellins in ornamental plants should improve our knowledge in the future. Key-words: Floriculture, Quality characteristics, Plant hormone, Biosynthesis
Variables Affecting Student Motivation Based on Academic Publications.

In this study, the variables having impact on the student motivation have been analyzed based on the articles, conference papers, master's theses and doctoral dissertations published in the years 2000-2017. A total of 165 research papers were selected for the research material and the data were collected through qualitative research techniques through document review and content analysis. According to the research results, the most important factors affecting student motivation are the fields of teacher, teachers’ classroom management skills and their teaching methods. In this research, factors having less influence on the student motivation are parental communication, student characteristics and study fields. In addition, relational search type was used more than others, mostly students were selected as the study group and most researches were conducted in USA and Turkey. Keywords: Motivation, classroom management, teaching method, publications
Estimation of parameters in mean-reverting stochastic systems

Stochastic differential equation (SDE) is a very important mathematical tool to describe complex systems in which noise plays an important role. SDE models have been widely used to study the dynamic properties of various nonlinear systems in biology, engineering, finance, and economics, as well as physical sciences. Since a SDE can generate unlimited numbers of trajectories, it is difficult to estimate model parameters based on experimental observations which may represent only one trajectory of the stochastic model. Although substantial research efforts have been made to develop effective methods, it is still a challenge to infer unknown parameters in SDE models from observations that may have large variations. Using an interest rate model as a test problem, in this work we use the Bayesian inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to estimate unknown parameters in SDE models.
THE MOLECULAR COMPOSITION OF DISSOLVED FREE AMINO ACIDS IN RAINWATER

Wedyan, M. , E. Qnais, Y. Ismail and A.R. Al Tawaha, 2017. The molecular composition of dissolved free amino acids in rainwater. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 23 (6): 1004–1010 Atmospheric wet deposition is now well recognized as a main source of both inorganic and organic nitrogen for both marine and terrestrial environment. Until now more than 80% of dissolved organic nitrogen fraction of rainwater has remain uncharacterized. In this present study the free dissolved amino acids were determined in the urban samples using amino acids analyzer. Rainwater samples were collected from Irbid and the Hashemite University (HU) campus during winter 2015-2016. Dissolved free amino acids were determined in each samples. The concentrations of TFAA for whole Irbid and HU samples were 0.078 ± 0.0083 and 0.080 ± 0.0065 respectively, these concentrations are signifi cantly similar to those previously described data for marine and terrestrial rainwater and aerosol samples collected from different remote areas. The results furthermore revealed that the highest proportion were phenylalanine and isoleucine in both sample sites. The results also demonstrate that the biological processes (transformation and degradation) play an important role in alteration of proteinaceous materials. As we know and back to the literature indicate to say that the description of dissolved free amino acids percentages in the rainfall and the proportion of contribution to the dissolved organic nitrogen is quiet generally uncharacterized. To our knowledge this is the fi rst study carry on the identifi cation of FAA in rainwater over Jordan.
Continuities in the formation of Russian political elites

»Kontinuitäten der Elitenbildung der politischen Elite in Russland«. The article investigates continuities in the formation and careers of political elites in post-Soviet Russia. Data on the recruitment and careers of MPs (from 1993 until 2003), cabinet ministers (1991 until 2011) and governors (from 1991 until 2011) were used. We identified a partial reproduction of the political elite which may be defined as reproduction circulation. The first form is structural reproduction that is evident in continuities of the socio-demographic profile of political elites. The second-strongest form of path dependency is functional reproduction that was found in career paths of political elites. Finally, individual reproduction was prominent. This reproduction should decrease over time, while functional and structural reproduction are likely to remain.
The Quality of Eligible Collateral and Monetary Stability: An Empirical Analysis

The central banking literature regards central bank independence and a transparent monetary policy as best suited to achieve and safeguard monetary stability. The existing empirical literature, however, failed in establishing a solid ground for this consensus. This paper sheds some new light on the empirical evidence on determinants of monetary stability. In addition, it expands the current research agenda by considering a neglected factor: The quality of eligible collateral (QEC). Recently, the U. S. subprime crisis has shown that a weak collateralization of credits may have massive economic implications, entailing severe perturbations of the international financial system. This paper focuses on central bank lending and investigates to what extent the quality of eligible collateral is able to explain inflation employing the first comprehensive dataset to assess the significance of QEC for monetary stability. Data have been collected using an online questionnaire that was answered by central bank officials. For the period 1990 to 2003 and a sample of 62 countries a robust negative and statistically significant correlation between QEC and average inflation is found. This result is robust to the use of control variables from the literature on institutional determinants of monetary stability. These findings have to be regarded as establishing QEC as one pivotal element of a theory of central banking. Collateralisation of the issuance of money and the elimination of financing the government deficit directly via the central bank can be seen as necessary conditions for achieving monetary stability. Good central bank money should be backed by the liable property of creditors to safeguard monetary stability. This finding can be utilized by policy makers especially in less developed and transition countries on their way towards a more stable economic development. JEL-Classification: E58, E42, B59, P14
Impact of rabbit haemorrhagic disease on introduced predators in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia

The impact of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) on the population dynamics and diet of foxes and feral cats was studied in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Populations of both foxes and cats decreased substantially some 6–10 months after the advent of RHD, when rabbit numbers were reduced by 85%. The diet of foxes changed as a result of reduced rabbit numbers, with much less rabbit and more invertebrates and carrion being eaten. The physical condition of foxes showed little change after RHD. The diet of cats did not change markedly, but their physical condition was substantially poorer than before RHD. Total predation on native fauna is considered to have decreased after RHD.
Governance and Politics: Regulating Independence and Diversity in the Board Room

This paper analyzes the economic rationale for board regulation in place and for introducing new regulation in the future. We relate the value of the firm to the use of employee directors, board independence, directors with multiple seats, and to gender diversity. Our evidence shows that the firm creates more value for its owners when the board has no employee directors, when its directors have strong links to other boards, and when gender diversity is low. We find no relationship between firm performance and board independence. These characteristics of value-creating boards support neither popular opinion nor the current politics of corporate governance.
Update on the importance of parenchymal patterns and breast cancer risk

Mammographic density is a well-documented independent risk factor for breast cancer. Measurements of density come in various forms, ranging from qualitative descriptions to quantitative assessments or a combination of both. The different means of examining density lead to variations in density–risk relationship. Currently there is no consensus on which method is preferable. The interrelation of mammographic density with other risk factors is crucial to density–risk assessments, since each of these risk factors can influence density on its own. Mammographic density can be modified through hormonal and chemical means, which can have important implications on mammographic sensitivity, accuracy in cancer diagnosis and cancer prevention.
CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE TOWARDS ONLINE GROCERY SHOPPING IN MALANG, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA

Online grocery shopping in Indonesia has been applied by one platform called Happyfresh, which cooperates through many modern supermarkets. One supermarket that conducts this cooperation to supply grocery products is Loka Mart. Currently, online grocery shopping facility that implemented by Loka Mart is still limited and only coverage Jakarta area. Thus, it is necessary to conduct study related to the public acceptance to the online grocery shopping in Malang City as the potential online market due to the level of education of the society. The data are obtained through the questionnaire of 140 respondents of Loka Mart consumer. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is employed as the foundation in this study. Besides, visibility, risk perception, and social influence variable – which used in the study of Sherah and Ai-Wen (2003) – analyzing Australian people acceptance towards online grocery shopping – used in this study. Multiple regression analysis, pearson correlation, and biserial point used as analysis instrument in this study. The study result showed that basic model of TAM – which consists of perceived of usefulness, perceived ease of use, and social influence variable – could explain public acceptance in Malang City to the online grocery shopping. Moreover, the visibility and risk perception variable have no effect in explaining public acceptance to use online grocery shopping. This result also shows that, Online Grocery Acceptance Model explains how the behavior and characteristics of the consumers in utilizing online grocery service. Perceived of usefulness is the main factor affecting online grocery acceptant and the perceive ease of use is correlated highly with perceived of usefulness.
Family Structure and Risk Factors: an Investigation into Emotional and Behavioural Outcomes for Nine-Year-Olds.

This study examined the relationship between family structure and risk factors for children’s emotional and behavioural outcomes at 9 years of age. Family structure in this study is defined as; married, separated, divorced, widowed and never married families. Three risk factors were identified from the literature; economic deprivation, maternal depression and life events. This study is a cross sectional quantitative analysis of the ‘Growing Up in Ireland’s’ child cohort (9 year olds) dataset. This is nationally representative sample of 9 year old children living in Ireland; the sample was collected through a two-stage, stratified random sampling approach. Of the 8,568 respondents in the sample, 8,209 meet the criterion of this study, which required that the respondents were female and had identified their marital status. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to measure emotional and behavioural outcomes. Annual income, the Basic Deprivation Scale, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8) and a life events question were used to measure risk factors. The data was analysed using frequencies, chi-square tests and configurational analysis, which were performed through PASW (Predictive Analytics Software). Findings indicated that children from married families are more likely to have better developmental outcomes, compared to children from alternative family structures. Findings also showed that the risk factors identified in this study, were associated with poorer developmental outcomes and may have some moderating effect on the relationship between family structure and developmental outcomes at 9 years of age. Furthermore, the findings provided some support for the cumulative effect of risk factors on developmental outcomes, as the findings indicated that as the number of risk factors increased, optimal developmental outcomes tended to decline. As a cross sectional study, causal mechanisms can not be determined, however the findings suggest that risk factors may be more important than family structure in influencing developmental outcomes at 9 years of age. Further analysis of this data and a longitudinal analysis (once the data set for the second wave of the child cohort interviews have been released) would be beneficial in further determining the importance of family structure and risk factors for children’s developmental outcomes.
Mortgage Choice in the Housing Boom: Impacts of House Price Appreciation and Borrower Type

The U.S. housing boom during the first part of the past decade was marked by rapid house price appreciation and greater access to mortgage credit for lower credit-rated borrowers. The subsequent collapse of the housing market and the high default rates on residential mortgages raise the issue of whether the pace of house price appreciation and the mix of borrowers may have affected the influence of fundamentals in housing and mortgage markets. This paper examines that issue in connection with one aspect of mortgage financing, the choice among fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages. This analysis is motivated in part by the increased use of adjustable-rate mortgage financing, notably among lower credit-rated borrowers, during the peak of the housing boom. Based on analysis of a large sample of loan level data, we find strong evidence that house price appreciation dampened the influence of a number of fundamentals (mortgage pricing terms and other interest rate related metrics) that previous research finds to be important determinants of mortgage financing choices. With regard to the mix of borrowers, the evidence indicates that, while low risk-rated borrowers were affected on the margin more by house price appreciation, on balance those borrowers tended be at least as responsive to fundamentals as high risk-rated borrowers. The higher propensity of low credit-rated borrowers to choose adjustable-rate financing compared with high credit-rated borrowers in the housing boom appears to have been related to borrower credit risk metrics. Given the evidence related to loan pricing terms, other interest rate metrics and fixed effects, the relation of credit risk to mortgage financing choice seems more consistent with considerations such as credit constraints, risk preferences, and mortgage tenor than just a systematic lack of financial sophistication among higher credit risk borrowers.
Caribbeans in New York: Political Participation, Strategic Cooperation and the Prospect for Pan-ethnic Political Mobilization in the Diaspora

This work examines the inauspicious environment for the formation of pan-Caribbean strategic coalitions and political mobilization in the Diaspora. Caribbeans in New York City have a distinct political participation profile, characterized by lower rates of participation, but driven largely by the impact Hispanic Caribbeans have on the larger Caribbean collective that includes Afro-Caribbeans. Analysis of legislative co-operation among Caribbean elected officials and the initiatives of political entrepreneurs who seek to create distinct bases of political support by forging alternative identities reveal further that, despite initiatives by such strategic actors, Caribbeans exhibit a variety of identities, some of which may be in competition, contradiction or simply to fledgling to withstand challenges from readily articulated and enduring identities and extant political allegiances.
Feature-Finding for Text Classification

Stylometrists have proposed and used a wide variety of textual features or markers, but until recently very little attention has been focused on the question: where do textual features come from ? In many text-categorization tasks the choice of textual features is a crucial determinant of success, yet is typically left to the intuition of the analyst. We argue that it would be desirable, at least in some cases, if this part of the process were less dependent on subjective judgement. Accordingly, this paper compares five different methods of textual feature finding that do not need background knowledge external to the texts being analysed (three proposed by previous stylometers, two devised for this study). As these methods do not rely on parsing or semantic analysis, they are not tied to the English language only. Results of a benchmark test on ten representative text-classification problems suggest that the technique here designated Monte-Carlo Feature-Finding has certain advantages that deserve consideration by future workers in this area