Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEROPREVALENCE AND GENOTYPING OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS AMONG HOSPITAL BASED GENERAL POPULATION IN VIJAYPUR, INDIA

Objective: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. According to World Health Organization (WHO) there are 180 million people affected with HCV worldwide and about 12.5 million carriers in India. Genotypes of HCV can vary in pathogenecity and can impact on treatment outcome. Hence this study was undertaken to know the seroprevalence and different genotypes of HCV among hospital based general population in Vijaypur, Karnataka. Methods: Study subjects were those attending various Out-Patient Department (OPD) and In-Patient Department (IPD) of Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijaypur, Karnataka. 5 ml of blood sample was aseptically collected in plain vial from the study subjects. Serum was separated and aliquoted in different vials. All the 1,200 serum samples were tested for HCV antibodies by third generation Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The serum samples positive by ELISA were tested for HCV RNA by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Serum samples positive for HCV RNA were subjected to geno typing by RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) and direct sequencing. Results: Of the 1,200 samples tested, 32 (2.6%) were positive for anti-HCV antibody and 25 (2.1%) were positive for HCV RNA. HCV genotype 1 (68%) was found to be the most predominant type followed by genotype 3 (32%). The subtypes of genotype 1 were 1a and 1b, whereas subtypes of genotype 3 were 3a and 3b. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HCV in this study was 2.6% and HCV genotype 1 and genotype 3 were found to be the predominant genotypes respectively. For physicians, knowing the genotype of hepatitis C virus is helpful in deciding type and duration of therapy. In addition, knowledge of circulating genotypes could impact on future vaccine formulations.
Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening andAssociated Factors among Female HealthWorkers in Governmental Health Institutionof Arba Minch Town and Zuria District, GamoGofa Zone, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, 2016

Background: Cervical cancer screening is a key to detect the pre-cervical cancer earlier, but it is almost not utilized in all developing countries and most cases were diagnosed at late stage of cervical cancer. The current screening level has no much effect to control cervical cancer unless addressing female health workers since they are a role model to the public. Objective: The study was conducted to assess the utilizations of cervical cancer screening and associated factors among female Health workers in Arba Minch town and Zuria woreda public health facilities in 2016/17. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Arba Minch town and Zuria district, among selected female health professions using computer generated technique of simple random sampling. The data was collected by means of self-administered questionnaires and ethical issue had been given more emphasized during data collection time. Data was entered using EPI info version 7.2. 0.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. The associations of explanatory and outcome variables were assessed by binary logistic regression and those variables with p value of less than 0.25 were included in multivariate analysis and Statistical significant was considered with odd ratio, 95% of confidence interval and p value of <0.05. Result: About 281 of the respondents were correctly completed the questionnaire of the total respondents, only 27 (9.6%) have had cervical screening within the past three years. There was an association between service year utilization of cervical cancer screening (AOR=4.99, 95% CI: 1.36-18.10), knowledge of cervical cancer screening and utilization of cervical cancer screening (AOR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.05-3.02). Conclusion: The level of utilization of screening was low in female health workers, service year and knowledge were associated with the utilization of cervical screening. Sustaining awareness creation and sensitization of screening should be given emphasis broadly for female’s health workers to increase the number of utilization in health workers.
Determinants of mean length at age of spring spawning herring off the coast of Hokkaido, Japan

The stock of Hokkaido spring spawning herring Clupea pallasii collapsed in the middle of the 20th century. In the first half of the 20th century, large amounts of spawning herring were caught by set nets at coastal spawning grounds off the coast of Hokkaido, Japan. Using the catch data, we analyzed the mean length at age with respect to sea-surface temperature and density- dependent growth during the years 1910 to 1954 by generalized additive modeling (GAM). This stock is distributed at the southern boundary of the distribution range of Pacific herring, and we thus hypothesized that high temperatures have a negative effect on growth. Our study shows that length of Hokkaido spring spawning herring is highly dependent on growth during the first years of life and on temperatures preceding and during the feeding season. Higher temperatures during winter have a negative effect on growth. We found only weak indications of density-dependent growth in the stock of Hokkaido spring spawning herring.
THE LITERATURE ON MALE GENDER IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT

Distinctions between males and females arise as a result of a complex developmental process involving biological, psychological, and sociological forces. Much research on male gender identity development has spurred from the increased interest in the etiology of homosexuality over the last two decades. Political, religious, and moral issues often fuel the interest in certain kinds of research, and the same is true in the research on male gender identity development because of the relationship between gender identity and sexual orientation. Biological forces have been cited as the major impetus for homosexuality as well as many other personality constructs by popular science and the media. As a result, the sociological and environmental forces, as well as individual psychological differences, tend to be overlooked. A gestalt approach is needed. The body of literature supports a bio-psycho-social interaction, which seems to appropriately demonstrate the complex nature of gender identity and its development. Finally, one could suggest that a spiritual aspect be included in the concept of gender; the differences between men and women should be celebrated. (Contains 65 references.) (EMK) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************
Sex differences in genetic associations with longevity in Han Chinese-- Sex-stratified GWAS and polygenic risk score analyses

a Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, 27710. b Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871. c Business School of Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China, 411005. d BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China, 518083. e Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 311058. f Department of Sociology, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871. g School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871. h School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433. i Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, 8000. j Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, 27710. k National Institutes of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China, 100730. l School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871. m Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215. n University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 40126. o Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, 27710. p INSERM and EPHE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 34090. q Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany, 50931. r Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2333. s Molecular Physiology Institute, Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, 27710. t Department of Neurology, Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, 27710. u University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, 6400. v Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China,330031. w James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China, 310058. x Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, 50931.
Early Holocene ritual complexity in South America: the archaeological record of Lapa do Santo (east-central Brazil)

Abstract Early Archaic human skeletal remains found in a burial context in Lapa do Santo in east-central Brazil provide a rare glimpse into the lives of hunter-gatherer communities in South America, including their rituals for dealing with the dead. These included the reduction of the body by means of mutilation, defleshing, tooth removal, exposure to fire and possibly cannibalism, followed by the secondary burial of the remains according to strict rules. In a later period, pits were filled with disarticulated bones of a single individual without signs of body manipulation, demonstrating that the region was inhabited by dynamic groups in constant transformation over a period of centuries.
Vectors of Change in Oceans and Seas Marine Life, Impact on Economic Sectors Kingdom Final Report Summary - VECTORS (Vectors of Change in Oceans and Seas Marine Life, Impact on Economic

in balance with economic uses. Jellyﬁsh outbreaks have an economic and social cost to tourists in the Mediterranean, yet jellyﬁsh also have potential beneﬁts as a commodity in nutrition and pharmaceuticals. There are economic eﬀects of marine life change in ﬁsheries, tourism and shipping sectors but eﬀects on ﬁsheries proﬁtability are not consistent across regional seas or ﬁsh stocks within seas. Spatially explicit models have now been developed that can analyse management strategies for multi-species stocks of ﬁsh and for spatial interactions between maritime sectors and management measures for conservation. Macro-economic impacts of changes in marine ecosystems on EU countries are greater when tourism is aﬀected because it has a much higher contribution to the production of value added than ﬁsheries. VECTORS research results can be found on the synthesis website which provides a tool for stakeholders, marine managers and policymakers and advisors to access VECTORS knowledge for use in support of marine management decisions, policies and governance. natural and anthropogenic factors by in depth reviews of pressures and drivers of change, analyses of mechanisms by which pressures and their interactions cause change, description and quantiﬁcation of impacts and interactive eﬀects of those changes with focus on three regional seas used as test beds for improving understanding and quantitative capabilities. services provided
Bayesian non-linear large scale structure inference of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 7

In this work, we present the first non-linear, non-Gaussian full Bayesian large-scale structure analysis of the cosmic density field conducted so far. The density inference is based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7, which covers the northern galactic cap. We employ a novel Bayesian sampling algorithm, which enables us to explore the extremely high dimensional non-Gaussian, non-linear lognormal Poissonian posterior of the three-dimensional density field conditional on the data. These techniques are efficiently implemented in the Hamiltonian Density Estimation and Sampling (hades) computer algorithm and permit the precise recovery of poorly sampled objects and non-linear density fields. The non-linear density inference is performed on a 750-Mpc cube with roughly 3-Mpc grid resolution, while accounting for systematic effects, introduced by survey geometry and selection function of the SDSS, and the correct treatment of a Poissonian shot noise contribution. Our high-resolution results represent remarkably well the cosmic web structure of the cosmic density field. Filaments, voids and clusters are clearly visible. Further, we also conduct a dynamical web classification and estimate the web-type posterior distribution conditional on the SDSS data.
Liquid dynamics in a self-oscillating poroelastic model of the vocal fold

The vocal fold tissue is considered as the composite of a porous elastic frame (composed of specialized proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, collagen fibers, and elastin fibers) filled with liquid. The properties of tissue are codetermined by the porous solid, the fluid, and their interaction. The poroelastic description of the vocal fold tissue could improve our knowledge about the mechanical properties and microstructures of these biological tissues. In this study, a self-oscillating poroelastic model is proposed to study the liquid dynamics in the vibrating vocal folds, where the vocal-fold tissue is treated as a transversally isotropic fluid-saturated porous material. Rich liquid dynamics have been found in this model. In the vertical direction, the liquid is transported from the inferior side to the superior side due to the propagation of the mucosal wave. In the longitudinal direction, the liquid is accumulated at the anterior-posterior midpoint. However, the strong collision between two vocal folds for.
Efficient first-order performance estimation for high-order adaptive optics systems

It is shown how first-order performance estimation of high-orderadaptive optics (AO) systems may be efficiently implemented in a hybridnumerical simulation by the use of 1) sparse matrix techniques forwavefront reconstruction, 2) undersampled pupil-plane turbulence-inducedaberrations, and 3) analytical models that compensate - in the limit ofinfinite exposure time - for the errors introduced by undersampling. Asparse preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method is applied forwavefront reconstruction, and it is seen that acceptable AO performancemay be achieved at a relative error tolerance of 0.01, at which thecomputational cost of the sparse PCG scales approximately asO(n1.2), where n is the number of actuators in the system.Estimations of adaptive optics performance for extremely high-ordersystems are presented, including multi-conjugate andlaser-guide-star-based systems. The scaling laws for AO performance withtelescope diameter D and turbulence outer scale L0 coupled with the useof laser guide stars are also investigated. It is shown that a single ora small number of laser guide stars (LGS) may still provide a usefullevel of compensation to telescopes with diameters in the range 30-100m, if L0 is on the order of or smaller than D. The deviations fromKolmogorov theory are also investigated for LGS AO. To the best of theauthors knowledge, results presented for a n=65 282 case represent thelargest multi-conjugate adaptive optics system simulated in full todate. (Less)
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Topical Anesthetics in Reducing Pain during Administration of Injectable Local Anesthesia in Children

Introduction: Pain control is an integral part of modern dentistry. Needle injection of local anesthetic which is the commonest modality of pain control itself proves to be painful for the child. Hence, it is important for the pediatric dentists to resort to a pain free method of administering local anesthesia for a patient. Topical anesthetics have proven to reduce the pain experience during administration of local anesthetic injection. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two topical anesthetic agents—EMLA 5% cream (Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics—Lignocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) and Benzocaine 20% gel in reducing the pain during administration of local anesthetic injection in children. Materials and methods: EMLA 5% cream and Benzocaine 20% gel were used in the study. Children from mixed dentition age group between 6 and 9 years of age were selected. The two selected topical anesthetics were applied on buccal mucosa at two different appointments in a given child, following which the local anesthetic was administered on the test site. The pain responses of the child were evaluated using the Wong Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The results were then statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: EMLA 5% cream was three times highly effective in pain reduction than Benzocaine 20% gel. Conclusion: EMLA 5% cream is comparatively better than benzocaine 20% gel with regards to pain reduction during the administration of local anesthetic injection in children.
Ethnicity and constitutionalism in contemporary Ethiopia

The phenomenon of ethnicity is being declared by many to be the cause of all the problems of Africa, especially those of violent conflict. Some salient examples are Rwanda, Burundi and Kenya. While in many cases ethnicity and ethnic-based antagonisms have indeed been a factor in conflicts and have often been suppressed within the structures of the post-colonial states (with their seemingly sacrosanct boundaries), the political relevance of the phenomenon has varied widely. In the political system and the laws of an African country, however, ethnicity seldom received official recognition.
Learning in ‘Organized Anarchies’: The Nature of Technological Search Processes at Trade Fairs

Bathelt H. and Gibson R. Learning in ‘organized anarchies’: the nature of technological search processes at trade fairs, Regional Studies. Trade fairs have become an important temporary organizational form for the establishment of inter-firm linkages and networks. Despite recent insights into the nature of knowledge flows, the causal mechanisms linking trade fairs to processes of technological searches and choices remain underspecified. Taking this as a starting point, this paper provides a conceptual and empirical account of the technological search and related learning processes between geographically distant firms at trade fairs. Building on the concept of ‘organized anarchies’ and the ‘garbage-can model’ of organizational choice, it reconceptualizes the nature of search processes and applies this conceptualization to an explorative study of four business-to-business fairs in North America. This provides a dynamic explanation of how inter-firm interaction and observation support technological search processes, which may lead to distinct wider patterns of technological specialization and/or diffusion.
Antimicrobial action of essential oils against food borne pathogens isolated from street vended fruit juices from Baripada Town , India

The aim of this work was to study the presence of food borne pathogens (Bacteria and Yeasts) in street vended fruit juices and to investigate the antimicrobial activity of ten essential oils, for a potential use in food industries. Forty one samples of four different types (Orange, Grapes, Mosambi and Sugarcane) of fruit juices were collected from vendors following standard practices. Presence of high aerobic bacterial load was observed in the samples. Sixty percent of the samples were positive for presence of coliforms. Pathogenic bacteria like Arizona sp. , Bacillus sp. , Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp. , Enterococcus. , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas sp. , Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi, Shigella sp. , Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus faecalis and yeasts like Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida spp. were detected, is indicative of fecal and water borne contamination of these fruit juices. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index Percentage of the pathogens observed to be 17.64-47.05. All the isolates were susceptible to the ten essential oils at 10 μl concentrations. The Minimum inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the oils ranged between 0.48-250 μl/ml when studied through tube dilution method. Clove, Azowain, and Mint oils showed better activities against the pathogens in comparison to other oils, with lower MIC values. The essential oils considered in this research showed satisfactory antimicrobial activity and could be used for the development of novel systems for food preservation.
State‐Dependence and Stepping‐Stone Effects of Low‐Pay Employment in Australia

Using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, this study shows that low-pay employment not only exhibits state-dependence, but it also has a stepping-stone effect towards higher pay, after observed and unobserved individual heterogeneity is accounted for. The results also show that, other things being equal, people who are on low pay are more likely to be in employment in the future than those who are either unemployed or not in the labour force. However, people on low pay do not appear to be more likely to become jobless in the future than those on higher pay.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Specific Comorbidity Index, Disease Status at Transplant and Graft Source as Risk Factors in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is an important modality of treatment for patients bearing malignant and benign hematologic diseases, representing a chance of cure. As every treatment, it has a treatment-related mortality influenced by comorbidities. Our objective was to apply the Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Specific Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) and to find risk factors for Non-Relapse Mortality (NRM) and Overall Survival (OS) in patients who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stemcell transplant in our institution, between 1993 and 2010. Medical charts from 457 patients were reviewed. Most patients (59.2%) received score 0, followed by 29.6% of cases with score 1-2 and 11.2% score 3-7. In a univariate analysis, comorbidity score (0 vs. ≥1) had a NRM of 33% vs. 45% (p=0.01) and OS at 5 years of 53% vs. 35% (p=0.001); Disease status at Transplant (low vs. high risk disease) had a NRM of 30% vs. 50% (p<0.0001) and OS of 57% vs. 27% (p<0.0001); graft source (bone marrow vs. peripheral blood) had a NRM of 29% vs. 49% (p<0.0001) and OS 56% vs. 34% (p<0.0001). The multivariate analysis confirmed the influence of HCT-CI score on NRM and OS, Disease Status at Transplant on OS and Graft Source on NRM. When stratified by comorbidity (0 and ≥1), Disease Status at Transplant and Graft Source influenced NRM and OS in both univariate and multivariate analysis. We were able to validate the HCT-CI in our institution, and the score is used now to guide the treatment strategy of patients with comorbidities.