Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Rural PILL Program: A Postdischarge Telepharmacy Intervention for Rural Veterans

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of the Rural Pharmacological Intervention in Late Life (PILL) program, a quality improvement initiative in which a Boston-based pharmacist provided postdischarge telepharmacy care to veterans from rural Maine. METHODS Using an automated screening tool, we identified 100 veterans aged 65 and older who had an acute care admission to VA medical centers in Boston or Maine and were at risk of problems with medication management. The PILL pharmacist called patients the week after hospital discharge to reconcile medications, assess adherence, and identify potentially inappropriate drugs. The pharmacist worked with each veteran's family and providers to resolve problems and increase support. To determine whether the intervention decreased acute care admissions, rehospitalizations, or deaths, we matched 1 unique control to each PILL patient by age, hospital location, length of stay, admitting service, and reason for admission. Logistic regression was performed to determine the OR and 95% CI of the outcomes. RESULTS Patients were discharged on an average of 16 medications and with 4.4 medication changes. Overall, 61% of patients had clerical errors in the discharge summary, and potential clinical concerns were identified in over 75%. Veterans who received the intervention were 70% less likely than controls to have an acute care visit at 30 days postdischarge (7 vs 20 patients; OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12-0.75). There was no difference in rates of hospital readmission or mortality. CONCLUSION This pharmacist-led phone-based program was effective in decreasing acute care utilization within 30 days after hospital discharge.
Dynamics of Discrete Time, Continuous State Hopfield Networks

The dynamics of discrete time, continuous state Hopfield networks is driven by an energy function. In this paper, we use this tool to prove under mild hypotheses that any trajectory converges to a fixed point for the sequential iteration, and to a cycle of length 2 or a fixed point for the parallel iteration. Perhaps surprisingly, it seems that no rigorous proof of these results was published before.
The Impact of Spending Cuts on Missouri Student Achievement.

Since the Coleman Report in 1966, researchers have been analyzing educational resource inputs with respect to district, school, and student level outputs. There has been an increase in federal and state control of local school districts, as demonstrated in the adoption of the Common Core Standards and mandatory national and state assessments. In conjunction with these changes, an economic recession has resulted in reduced funding for education that has required school districts to be more efficient in allocation of resources. Local school officials are pressed to allocate resources such that a maximum output is achieved in student achievement and district achievement. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact that expenditure reductions had on student achievement in Missouri school districts. By looking longitudinally at operating expenditures, this quantitative study examined a correlation to student achievement as measured by the Missouri Assessment Program (MAP) assessments, graduation rates, and attendance rates.
Effects of intellectual capital and university knowledge in indigenous innovation: evidence from Indian SMEs

Abstract Intellectual capital and collaboration with universities are vital knowledge management practices for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to innovate and improve the effectiveness of their operations. This study investigates empirically the impacts of intellectual capital and university knowledge on indigenous innovation and how business and institutional environments affect the relationships. The research model is tested using moderated regression analysis and data collected from 150 SMEs in India. The results show that intellectual capital and university knowledge improve indigenous innovation, both individually and interactively. The effect of intellectual capital in indigenous innovation is amplified by dysfunctional competition whereas the effect of university knowledge in indigenous innovation is attenuated by environmental uncertainty. In addition, we find that indigenous innovation is positively associated with business performance. The impact of indigenous innovation on business performance is enhanced by dysfunctional competition but reduced by environmental uncertainty.
Remediating the Core Deficits of Developmental Reading Disability

The double-deficit hypothesis (Wolf, 1997; Wolf & Bowers, 1999, this issue) contends that deficits in phonological awareness and deficits in visual naming speed represent two independent causal impediments to reading acquisition for children with developmental reading disabilities (RD). One hundred and sixty-six children with severe RD from 7 to 13 years of age were classified into three deficit subgroups according to a double-deficit framework. A total of 140 children with RD, 84% of the sample, were classified; 54% demonstrated a double deficit (DD), 22% a phonological deficit only (PHON), and 24% a visual-naming speed deficit only (VNS). Diagnostic test profiles highlighted the joint contributions of the two core deficits in depressing written language acquisition. The children in the DD group were more globally impaired than those in the other subgroups, and the VNS group children were the highest achieving and most selectively impaired readers. Following 35 hours of word identification training, sizable gains and significant generalization of training effects were achieved by all subgroups. A metacognitive phonics program resulted in greater generalized effects across the domain of real English words, and a phonological training program produced superior outcomes within the phonological processing domain. The greatest nonword reading gains were achieved by children with only phonological deficits.
Activation of the transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 in bladder smooth muscle exposed to outlet obstruction and mechanical stretching.

PURPOSE Transcriptional control of bladder genes in response to outlet obstruction, growth factors and mechanical force is poorly understood. We analyzed the effects of bladder obstruction, mechanical stretching and platelet derived growth factor on the activation of the major growth controlling transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Complete outlet obstruction was created in female rats by proximal urethral ligation and bladders were harvested 3, 6 and 24 hours later, respectively. Bladder cells were grown in culture and stimulated with 10 ng. /ml. platelet derived growth factor or 10 cycles per minute of mechanical stretching for 0.5 to 4 hours. Nuclear proteins were high salt extracted and incubated with 32phosphorus double strand oligonucleotides containing a consensus binding sequence for activator protein-1 or nuclear factor-kappaB. The resulting DNA protein complexes were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS Nuclear extract isolated from obstructed bladders showed intense activator protein-1 binding activity 3, 6 and 24 hours after obstruction as well as increased nuclear factor-kappaB binding activity after 6 and 24 hours. Binding activity was absent or minimal in sham operated rats. Cultured cells exposed to mechanical stretching for 2 and 4 hours showed increased activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB DNA binding compared with unstretched cells. Likewise stimulation with platelet derived growth factor caused a consistent increase in activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB binding activity. The binding of nuclear proteins was abolished by a 40-fold excess of an unlabeled specific oligonucleotide but not by excess irrelevant oligonucleotide. Thus, the assays were specific for the factors involved. CONCLUSIONS Bladder obstruction and mechanical stretching cause the formation of activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB DNA complexes, consistent with a role of these transcription factors in the control of hypertrophy associated gene activation.
Schemas, Affect Consciousness, and Cluster C Personality Pathology: A Prospective One-Year Follow-Up Study of Patients in a Schema-Focused Short-Term Treatment Program

In this prospective study the aim was to investigate the relationship between affect consciousness and Cluster C personality pathology (DSM-IV, Axis-II). Forty-four patients with panic disorder and/or agoraphobia and Cluster C personality traits were treated in a schema-focused program comprising a first panic/agoraphobia-focused phase and a second personality-focused phase, being finally assessed at a one-year follow-up. According to the treatment strategy, affect consciousness was expected to change during the second phase, independent of change in agoraphobic avoidance being focused in the first phase. Pretreatment level of affect consciousness during treatment was related to a reduction in avoidant personality pathology (not dependent or obsessive-compulsive) from pretreatment to follow-up, while increase in affect consciousness did not contribute in the same way. These results indicate that affect consciousness is important as a selection criterion, as a parameter in treatment with focus on schemas and schema-avoidance, and as a predictor for outcome in agoraphobic patients with avoidant personality pathology.
Māori leadership : affecting positive change within primary education : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Education at Massey University, Palmerston North, Aotearoa New Zealand

This thesis sought to examine the nature of Maori leadership within the context of English medium primary education. It sought to identify whether a style of leadership that was unique to Maori existed and whether or not the identified style or styles reflected in contemporary times in schools are underpinned and informed by values, practices and ideals inherent within Maoridom. Many aspects of Maoridom have not only endured despite the effects of colonisation but have in fact survived and flouri shed. Maori leadership is one such aspect. The findings reflect strong styles where values, ideals and practices which are strongly emphasised within Maoridom have all had an informing role for the participant leaders. The leadership styles, approaches and strategies identified within thi s study echo those of the past. ln using the identified strategies, the Maori school leaders have facilitated the development of an educational environment and culture that is empowering and productive in making a positive difference for every child in the school and for the staff, parents and whanau of
Warm up phenomenon and preconditioning in clinical practice

More than half of all patients with coronary artery disease exhibit an improvement in performance following their first exercise test—the warm up phenomenon. The warm up phenomenon, first described more that 50 years ago in patients with effort angina, refers to the improved performance exhibited by more than half of all patients with coronary artery disease following their first exercise test.1 There are several potential causes of the warm up phenomenon including: (1) an improvement in oxygen supply, which, in turn, may be caused by stenosis dilation, collateral recruitment or myocardial perfusion redistribution; (2) a reduction in oxygen consumption caused by an adaptive down regulation or stunning of regional myocardial contractile function in the ischaemic region; and (3) a form of myocardial adaptation to ischaemia akin to ischaemic preconditioning. It has been shown that in patients with a single lesion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, great cardiac vein flow is similar during the first and second exercise stress test, thus suggesting that the warm up phenomenon is not accompanied by an increase in total myocardial blood flow.2 These findings have been recently confirmed by Bogaty and colleagues,3 who showed that the attenuation of myocardial ischaemia observed with repeated exercise is not accounted for by an improvement in myocardial perfusion as determined by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) thallium-201 imaging. Unfortunately, both studies do not allow us to rule out the possibility that …
Microbial Mechanistic Insight into the Role of Inulin in Improving Maternal Health in a Pregnant Sow Model

General consumption of “western diet” characterized by high refined carbohydrates, fat and energy intake has resulted in a global obesity epidemics and related metabolic disturbance even for pregnant women. Pregnancy process is accompanied by substantial hormonal, metabolic and immunological changes during which gut microbiota is also remarkably remodeled. Dietary fiber has been demonstrated to have a striking role in shifting the microbial composition so as to improve host metabolism and health in non-pregnant individuals. The present study was conducted to investigate effects of adding a soluble dietary fiber inulin (0 or 1.5%) to low- or high- fat (0 or 5% fat addition) gestational diet on maternal and neonatal health and fecal microbial composition in a sow model. Results showed that inulin addition decreased the gestational body weight gain and fat accumulation induced by fat addition. Circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, adipokine leptin and chemerin were decreased by inulin supplementation. Inulin addition remarkably reduced the average BMI of newborn piglets and the within litter BMI distributions (%) ranging between 17 and 20 kg/m2, and increased the BMI distribution ranging between 14 and 17 kg/m2. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region showed that fecal microbial changes at different taxonomic levels triggered by inulin addition predisposed the pregnant sow to be thinner and lower inflammatory. Meanwhile, fecal microbial composition was also profoundly altered by gestation stage with distinct changes occurring at perinatal period. Most representative volatile fatty acid (VFA) producing-related genera changed dramatically when reaching the perinatal period and varied degrees of increases were detected with inulin addition. Fecal VFA concentrations failed to show any significant effect with dietary intervention, however, were markedly increased at perinatal period. Our findings indicate that positive microbial changes resulted by 1.5% soluble fiber inulin addition would possibly be the potential mechanisms under which maternal body weight, metabolic and inflammatory status and neonatal BMI were improved. Besides, distinct changes of microbial community at perinatal period indicated the mother sow is undergoing a catabolic state with increased energy loss and inflammation response at that period compared with other stages of gestation.
Why experience matters to privacy: How context‐based experience moderates consumer privacy expectations for mobile applications

Two dominant theoretical models for privacy—individual privacy preferences and context‐dependent definitions of privacy—are often studied separately in information systems research. This paper unites these theories by examining how individual privacy preferences impact context‐dependent privacy expectations. The paper theorizes that experience provides a bridge between individuals' general privacy attitudes and nuanced contextual factors. This leads to the hypothesis that, when making judgments about privacy expectations, individuals with less experience in a context rely more on individual preferences such as their generalized privacy beliefs, whereas individuals with more experience in a context are influenced by contextual factors and norms. To test this hypothesis, 1,925 American users of mobile applications made judgments about whether varied real‐world scenarios involving data collection and use met their privacy expectations. Analysis of the data suggests that experience using mobile applications did moderate the effect of individual preferences and contextual factors on privacy judgments. Experience changed the equation respondents used to assess whether data collection and use scenarios met their privacy expectations. Discovering the bridge between 2 dominant theoretical models enables future privacy research to consider both personal and contextual variables by taking differences in experience into account.
Advances in European Psychotraumatology

European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) is now completing its third volume. It is exciting to see how the range of articles addressing both clinical issues as well as more basic research, include samples of simple and complex PTSD as well as other disorders such as substance use disorder (e.g. Gielen et al., 2012) or posttraumatic panic attacks (Joscelyne et al., 2012). The populations studied range from terrorist attack (Thoresen et al. 2012), disaster victims (Grimm et al., 2012) and refugees (e.g. Zepinic et al., 2012), to civilian war victims (e.g. Palgi et al.,) and veterans (Kitchiner et al., 2012), but also include journalists (e.g. Backholm & Bjorkqvist, 2012) and legal representatives of asylum seekers (Wilson-Shaw et al., 2012). The life span is covered with study populations ranging from children (e.g. Wittman et al., 2012) to the elderly (Gluck, et al., 2012). Designs differ from large epidemiological studies (e.g. Karanci et al., 2012) to smaller innovative pilot studies (e.g. Poundja et al., 2012) or experimental setups (e.g. Sack et al., 2012). Biological measures are included, e.g. De Kloet et al. (2012) examine neuroendocrine and immunological measures in PTSD, as well as validation studies of questionnaires in important European languages such as French (de Fouchier et al., 2012) and Polish (Dragan et al., 2012). Well established trauma-focused interventions like exposure therapy are scrutinized for their use in clinical practice, e.g. Palgi et al., 2012, and newer interventions e.g. adding biofeedback (Morina et al., 2012) are explored for effectivity, in sum reflecting the wide variety of European and in fact worldwide psychotraumatology research. (Published: 21 December 2012) Citation: European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2012, 3 : 20249 - http://dx.doi. org/10.3402/ejpt.v3i0. 20249
Nickel allergy and hand eczema

A clinical study was performed in 66 female patients with hand eczema and contact allergy to nickel. They were drawn from a basic material of 165 patients with nickel allergy in which hand eczema occurred in 86 cases (52 %). The hand eczema started at an average age of 32 years and ii had been preceded by a metal hypersensitivity for an average of 6 years. The eczema was found to the chronic with a mean duration up to the time of examination of 8 years. It was associated with secondary eruptions in half of the cases. The hand eczema showed a low degree of relevance with regard to dependance of occupation or vacation, as well as to exacerbation of the dermatitis after a direct contact with nickel‐coated objects. The clinical examination disclosed in 77 % a pompholyx, i.e. a symmetric vesicular eruption mainly located on the palms and volar aspects of fingers, and sides of fingers. The eczema often showed a periodic activity, with about 15 annual eruptions in the pompholyx cases. It is concluded that simple external contact with the metal can hardly explain the most common clinical pattern of the hand eczema in nickel allergy.
Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: experience with 168 patients.

OBJECT The goal of this study was to assess the outcome of surgical management in 168 consecutive patients harboring craniopharyngiomas treated between January 1983 and April 1997. METHODS In 148 patients undergoing initial (primary) surgery, the pterional approach was most frequently used (39.2%), followed by the transsphenoidal approach (23.6%). For large retrochiasmatic craniopharyngiomas, the bifrontal interhemispheric approach was used increasingly over the pterional approach and led to improved surgical results. Total tumor removal was accomplished in 45.7% of transcranial and 85.7% of transsphenoidal procedures. The main reasons for incomplete removal were attachment to and/or infiltration of the hypothalamus, major calcifications, and attachment to vascular structures. The success rate in total tumor removal was inferior in the cases of tumor recurrence. The operative mortality rate in transcranial surgery was 1.1% in primary cases and 10.5% in cases of tumor recurrence. No patient died in the group that underwent transsphenoidal surgery. The rate of recurrence-free survival after total removal was 86.9% at 5 years and 81.3% at 10 years. In contrast, the 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was only 48.8% after subtotal removal and 41.5% after partial removal. Following primary surgery, the actuarial survival rate was 92.7% at 10 years, with the best results after complete tumor removal. At last follow up, 117 (79%) of 148 patients who underwent primary surgery were independent and without impairment. CONCLUSIONS Total tumor removal while avoiding hazardous intraoperative manipulation provides favorable early results and a high rate of long-term control in craniopharyngiomas.
SURGICAL IMPLANTATION OF RADIO TRANSMITTERS IN ARCTIC FOXES (ALOPEX LAGOPUS) ON SVALBARD, NORWAY

Abstract Twelve captive wild-caught adult arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) were anesthetized a total of 24 times for an equal number of surgical procedures involving implantation of heart rate (HR) and core body temperature transmitters (Tb) between October 1995 and April 1997. Xylazine–ketamine and medetomidine–ketamine anesthesia was used, resulting in an unacceptably high death rate. One out of four foxes anesthetized with xylazine–ketamine died, whereas two of nine foxes anesthetized with medetomidine–ketamine died out of a total of 20 surgical procedures. Durations of the surgeries for implantation of Tb transmitters and HR transmitters were 73 ± 7 min and 95 ± 13 min, respectively.
Cost of care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving TNF-antagonist therapy using claims data

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the cost of care for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with adalimumab, infliximab, and etanercept. Research design and methods: RA patients were identified from a privately insured database. Three mutually exclusive treatment cohorts were formed based on the date of first tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist treatment (index date) after January 1, 2003. Baseline characteristics were assessed in the 3-month pretreatment period. Healthcare (i.e., medical service and prescription medications) utilization and cost were assessed for the following 12 months. RA-related medical cost included the total cost for medical service associated with RA diagnosis. RA-related healthcare cost included RA-related medical and drug cost. Uneven distribution of baseline characteristics were adjusted with the propensity score method. Cost was compared between treatment cohorts. Results: Twelve-month TNF-antagonist therapy cost ($12 853 vs. 17 299, p = 0.002), total RA-related drug cost ($13 794 vs. 17 647, p = 0.006), total RA-related medical cost ($971 vs. 2920, p < 0.001), total RA-related healthcare cost ($14 764 vs. 20 566, p = 0.002), and total drug cost ($16 210 vs. 19 769, p = 0.028) were significantly less for adalimumab (n = 217) than infliximab (n = 234). Twelve-month healthcare cost for adalimumab was comparable to etanercept (n = 546). Conclusions: Annual healthcare cost for adalimumab patients was significantly less than for infliximab patients and was comparable to etanercept patients. This analysis is subject to the usual limitation of claims data analyses in that few clinical details are available and causal inference conclusions are limited.