Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Minimal Group Membership on Young Preschoolers’ Social Preferences, Estimates of Similarity, and Behavioral Attribution

We investigate young children’s sensitivity to minimal group membership. Previous research has suggested that children do not show sensitivity to minimal cues to group membership until the age of five to six, contributing to claims that this is an important transition in the development of intergroup cognition and behavior. In this study, we investigated whether even younger children are sensitive to minimal cues to group membership. Random assignment to one of either of two color groups created a temporary, visually salient minimal group membership in 3 and 4-year-old study participants. Using explicit measures, we tested whether children preferred minimal group members when making social judgments. We find that, in the absence of any knowledge regarding the two groups, children expressed greater liking for ingroup than outgroup targets. Moreover, children estimated that ingroup members would share their preferences. Our findings demonstrate that from early in development, humans assess unknown others on the basis of minimal cues to social similarity and that the perception of group boundaries potentially underlies social assortment in strangers.
Superstitiousness and Paranormal Beliefs of Engineering Students Comparing to Students Majoring in Sciences, Arts and Humanities

The research the differences in manifestation of superstitiousness and paranormal beliefs of students of differents studies. A hypothesis was made that engineering students have lower indexes of superstitiousness and paranormal beliefs. 90 undergraduate students took part in the research: 30 engineering students, 30 humanitarian students (Philology, Psychology and Sociology) and 30 students majoring in Natural Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Mathematics). The study revealed no significant differences between the students who study engineering and natural sciences in despite dissimilar world-views.
Unusual Environmental Conditions Preserve a Permian Mesosaur-Bearing Konservat-Lagerstätte from Uruguay

The environmental characterization of the Lower Permian mesosaur-bearing strata of the Mangrullo Formation (Paraná Basin, northeastern Uruguay) has been controversial. Historically, marine conditions were suggested for this unit, despite the absence of any normal marine fossils. More recently, some authors have argued for freshwater to brackish settings, inferring fluctuating environmental conditions, which would have generated abrupt changes in the composition of the communities. Mesosaurs are the only tetrapods found in this unit, and they colonized the basin at the time of highest isolation, and apparently increased salinity, coincident with a gradual global rise in aridity. An assemblage of extremely low diversity (the “mesosaur community”) developed, with mesosaur reptiles, pygocephalomorph crustaceans, and the vermiform producers of the trace fossil Chondrites as the dominant components. This community may have existed under temporary hypersaline, lagoon-like conditions, as suggested by ecological, anatomical and physiological attributes of its member taxa. This interpretation is supported by sedimentological and mineralogical features of the enclosing rocks, also seen in the correlative Brazilian Iratí and South African Whitehill formations. In the Uruguayan deposits, as well as in their Brazilian correlatives, relatively close volcanic events affected the basin. This particular environment, where bottom waters were depleted of oxygen and hypersaline, retarded decay of the carcasses, and precluded the development of bioturbating organism, and together with bacterial sealing, favoured exquisite preservation of the fossils, including soft tissues. This leads us to consider the fossil-bearing strata of the Mangrullo Formation as a Konservat-Lagerstätte, the oldest known for South America.
Amyand's hernia with appendicular perforation: A case series

Introduction: Amyand’s hernia is an uncommon variant of inguinal hernias, which is defined by the presence of the appendix within the hernia sac. they can be classified into four types. there is not much literature about the subject and some issues remain controversial, such as the treatment options. Over 16 years (1996– 2012) 2648 inguinal hernias were surgically intervened at Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Portugal, and two of them were Amyand’s hernias representing an incidence of 0.076%. case series: the patients are males, 72 and 76 years old, and presented right inguinal pain and tumor. In both cases, the diagnosis was made during emergency surgery and perforated appendicitis was found. Appendectomy through the herniotomy incision and primary prosthetic hernia repair with associated endovenous broadspectrum antibiotic therapy was the treatment of choice. No significant morbidity or mortality was recorded. conclusion: the adequate surgical treatment depends on the type of Amyand’s hernia. Appendectomy through the herniotomy incision and primary hernia repair seems to be
Separation of magnetic fields in geophysical studies using a 2-D multi-resolution Wavelet analysis approach 1

A 2-D Multi-Resolution Wavelet Analysis is applied to the magnetic field separation problem. The advantages of this method are that it does not introduce significant distortion to the shape of the original image and is not significantly affected by the overlapping power spectra of regional and residual fields. The proposed method has been tested by using a synthetic example and has yielded satisfactory results.
Direct damage-controlled design of plane steel moment-resisting frames using static inelastic analysis

A new direct damage-controlled design method for plane steel frames under static loading is presented. Seismic loading can be handled statically in the framework of a push-over analysis. This method, in contrast to existing steel design methods, is capable of directly controlling damage, both local and global, by incorporating continuum damage mechanics for ductile materials in the analysis. The design process is accomplished with the aid of a two-dimensional finite element program, which takes into account material and geometric nonlinearities by using a nonlinear stress-strain relation through the beam-column fiber modeling and including P-δ and P-Δ effects, respectively. Simple expressions relating damage to the plastic hinge rotation of member sections and the interstorey drift ratio for three performance limit states are derived by conducting extensive parametric studies involving plane steel moment-resisting frames under static loading. Thus, a quantitative damage scale for design purposes is established. Using the proposed design method one can either determine damage for a given structure and loading, or dimension a structure for a target damage and given loading, or determine the maximum loading for a given structure and a target damage level. Several numerical examples serve to illustrate the proposed design method and demonstrate its advantages in practical applications.
Lifetime Cancer Risk of Gamma Radioactivity Results from Smoking

Smoking is one of the causes of heart attack, lung cancer and cancers of mouth and larynx. The latter could be arises from exposure of those sensitive organs to a combination of both chemical carcinogenic and radiological exposure results from naturally occurring radionuclides in tobacco leaves. Coal is also used in smoking some types of tobacco products that could be carcinogenic due to presence of a high percentage of an organic matter with inorganic matter such as minerals and trace elements. Varieties of commonly available tobacco products as well as coal samples were examined for their radioactivity content using gamma ray spectroscopy and calculate associated radiological hazards. Results shows that the average concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in tobacco samples vary from 2.6±0.2 to 8.9±0.7 (average 5.4), 1.9±0.1 to 9.5±0.8 (average 4.5), and 517.4±15.5 to 2401.2±72 (average 1360.4) Bqkg-1. Measured activity concentration for coal samples ranged from 10.8±1.1 to 64.4±2.1 (average 40.2), 3.5±0.1 to 28.3±0.3 (average 15.7), and 49.2±0.4 to 301.2±9.5 (average 215) Bqkg-1 for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K respectively. 137Cs activity concentrations in cigarettes and coal samples were ranged from 0.1±0.01 to 1.3±0.02 (average 0.5) and 2±0.01 to 5.8±0.8 (average 3.1) Bqkg-1 respectively. Radium equivalent, total annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk were calculated. ELCR was higher than world's average of 1.45x10-3 for tobacco and coal samples. In Egypt no special and clear regulations for monitoring radioactivity content in imported coal and tobacco leafs or its products, which appear to be necessary.
THE ROLE OF BRAND ATTITUDE AND BRAND CREDIBILITY AS A MEDIATOR OF THE CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT STRATEGY TO GENERATE PURCHASE INTENTION

The growth of Instagram continues, with the majority of its users being millennial consumers who share all aspects of their life on social media. One of the most popular advertising strategies is using celebrity endorsers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of brand attitude and brand credibility as a mediator of the celebrity endorsement to purchase intention. This study can be categorized as explanatory research and the sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling. The result of this study showed that celebrity endorsement would not directly affect purchase intention, though celebrity endorsement can enhance brand attitude and brand credibility which in turn increase purchase intention.This study only focused on apparel products. Thus future research may consider using another type of product. Further, future research is expected to use another social media other than Instagram and to consider using another variable as the mediator.
A Portrait of Hedge Fund Investors: Flows, Performance and Smart Money

We explore the flow-performance interrelation by explicitly separating the investment and divestment decisions of hedge fund investors. The results show that different determinants and evaluation horizons underlie both decisions. While money inflows are sensitive to past long-run performance, outflows exhibit an immediate and sustained response to past performance in the short run. As a consequence, the shape of the flow-performance relation differs depending on the time horizon being analyzed. We find a weaker flow-performance relation for winning funds at quarterly horizons compared to annual horizons, which may explain why quarterly persistence in hedge fund performance is not competed away. Indeed, we also find evidence that most investors are unable to exploit the persistence of the winners. Conversely, investors are fast and successful in deallocating from the persistent losers, ensuring a disciplining mechanism for lowquality funds. Further, our findings do not support the existence of smart money.
Natal dispersal and survival of Red-bellied Woodpeckers in a fragmented landscape

The juvenile life stage has been shown to be critical to population persistence in birds. Movements during this phase determine gene flow between populations, allow for colonization of vacant habitats, reduce inbreeding risks, and maintain optimal population densities. Despite its importance, the post-fledging period is the least studied stage of the avian life cycle. Biologists have outlined theoretical models of movement behavior to predict how birds make dispersal decisions and respond to the surrounding landscape, but empirical tests of these models are lacking. Further, it has been assumed that risks associated with exploring novel habitats make natal dispersal costly. Although previous estimates of post-fledging survival are correspondingly low, it is unclear how much dispersal behavior contributes to high mortality rates in young birds. My thesis research investigates movement and survival of a resident bird during natal dispersal. Specifically, I aimed to (1) identify the model of prospecting used by dispersing Redbellied Woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus), (2) investigate landscape effects on individual movement as the birds departed their natal home range, (3) explore the impact of unforested habitats on dispersal, (4) test factors that may influence dispersal age and dispersal distance, and (5) provide post-fledging survival estimates for Red-bellied
Developing Tacit Knowledge of Complex Systems: The Value of Early Empirical Inquiry in Healthcare Design

Every year, more than 200,000 patients in Canada acquire an infection while receiving healthcare and more than 8,000 die as a result (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2013). Infections can arise from the entry and multiplication of a microorganism in a person’s tissue (Public Health Ontario, 2012a, 2012b). As healthcare workers perform tasks, they circulate among patients, objects, and surfaces, thereby creating opportunities for transmitting microorganisms and possibly contributing to the spread of hospital-acquired infections. Newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units are particularly vulnerable because of inherent risk factors such as low birth weight, underlying illness, undeveloped immune systems, and greater skin permeability. Other risk factors include poor staff-topatient ratios, crowded environments, and exposure to invasive devices (Public Health Ontario, 2012a, 2012b). Infection prevention and control has been the subject of much study in medical and epidemiological research and a variety of best practice guidelines have been developed to support healthcare workers and related stakeholders. Yet, despite the availability of information, managing healthcare-associated infections remains a challenge because the relevant explicit knowledge is not being adequately developed and mobilized as tacit knowledge for use "on the front lines". Some researchers have called for a human factors perspective to help address challenges in designing for infection prevention and control, but relatively few studies have been conducted to date. Researchers also suggest that empirical inquiry is needed to better inform the design process, and particularly the design of complex systems where attention to detailed processes and interactions can support the success of an intervention. A human factors approach can help designers develop a deeper understanding of work processes, technology considerations, as well as physiological, psychological, cultural, and organizational factors. The need is particularly pressing in low-resource healthcare environments where funds, time, and human resources may be scarce and strategic design decisions based on evidence are needed to support meaningful and effective changes. With this in mind, a human factors study was conducted in an existing neonatal intensive care unit to identify the influence of product and environment design on infection prevention and control and to inform recommendations for improvement. In this case study, we illustrate how the application of an empirical, methodical approach can help design professionals and stakeholders develop tacit knowledge of complex systems – knowledge that can be used to better inform design priorities, the design process, decision making, and the allocation of resources to help maximize improvements. “ ” To know that you do not know is the best. To think you know when you do not is a disease. Recognizing this disease as a disease is to be free of it.
Decomposition of Marginal Homogeneity into Logit and Mean Ridits Equality for Square Contingency Tables

Problem statement: For square contingency tables with ordered categor ies, if the Marginal Homogeneity (MH) model holds, then the probability that X selected at random from the row marginal distribution is less than Y selected independently at random from the column marginal distribution equals the probability that X is greater than Y. Ho wever, the converse does not hold. We are intereste d in the condition in order that the converse holds. Approach: This study gave a decomposition theorem that the MH model holds if and only if both the mar ginal cumulative logistic model and the model of equality of mean ridits for the row and column marg inal distributions hold. Examples are given. Results: For the data of cross-classification of ewes accor ding to number of lambs born in consecutive years and cross-classification of unaided distance vision of women in British, the decomposition of th e MH model is applied and the detailed analysis is gi ven. Conclusion: When the MH model fits the data poorly, this decomposition is useful for seeing whi ch of decomposed two models influences stronger.
Feel the difference: how auditory and visual information differ in forming emotions

This research is concerned with one of the major theories of media psychology, namely how emotions are transferred by means of the excitation transfer framework. This theory states that the stronger a stimulus gets the stronger the transfer is. By using excerpts of films, depicting mutilation and a neutral animation, and music, including the genres rock and classic, this theory was tested. Other theories state, that this process also is mediated by scores on the NEO-pi-r scale as well as previous knowledge about the stimulus or resembling experiences. Results indeed support the notion that when manipulating intensity the excitation transfer also is manipulated in the same direction, however a contradiction has been found, when paring disgust-trust stimuli together, even enhancing the effect, even if the intensity is lower. Only minor differences were found for the mediating effects of previous knowledge of the film and no effects were found for scores on the neuroticism subscale of the NEO-ff-I test influencing the excitation transfer process.
Spatial and temporal patterns of the zooplankton in the Westerschelde estuary

The invertebrate zooplankton fauna of the Westerschelde (Belgium and The Netherlands) was investigated during 2 yr by means of monthly samples along a salinity gradient. Copepods were usually the most abundant holoplanktonic metazoans except in the freshwater zone where Rotifera were most numerous. The combination of a classification technique and an ordination-regression technique proved to be a valuable tool for the analysis of such an extensive data set. The presence of 4 groups was established, representing spatially distinct populations but with temporally shifting boundaries. Few zooplankton species were truly estuarine in their distribution, but many were derived from nearby coastal waters. This intrusion of marine species started in spring, reaching their most upstream distribution and highest densities in summer-early fall, then declining and retreating from the estuary, disappearing in winter. Fringing this community was a transition group with low densities, but many species. This brackish-water community consisted predominantly of the calanoid copepod Euryternora affinis. It appeared in late fall, spread out seaward to obtain its maximum density and distribution in winter-early spring. Densities then declined and the community was absent by late summer-early fall. The freshwater zone near the port of Antwerp, Belgium, was characterized by a paucity of large zooplankters, despite the high primary production in this zone. This is probably due to the low oxygen availability in this area. A canonical correspondence analysis revealed 2 major environmental axes. The salinity gradient (mainly spatial) explained most of the variance. Strongly correlated with this factor were dissolved oxygen content and secchi disc visibility. The temperature gradient (mainly temporal) was almost perpendicular to the salinity axis, indicating little or no correlation. Of lesser importance was the load of suspended matter, which was highest in the brackish area in autumn-winter. Chlorophyll content of the water was unimportant in explaining community structure. Copepod dry weight was maximal in spring in the brackish part (500 mg m-3); a lower maximum (260 mg mW3) was observed in summer in the marine part of the estuary.
Metabolic alterations in experimental models of depression

Introduction: Major depressive disorder is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and is associated with a severe impact on the personal functioning, thus with incurring significant direct and indirect costs. The presence of depression in patients with medical comorbidities increases the risks of myocardial infarction and decreases diabetes control, and adherence to treatment. The mechanism through which these effects are produced is still uncertain. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the metabolic alterations in female Wistar rats with induced depression, with and without administration of Agomelatine. The methods included two experiments. All data were analyzed by comparison with group I (control), and with each other. In the first experiment we induced depression by: exposure to chronic mild stress-group II; olfactory bulbectomy-group III; and exposure to chronic mild stress and hyperlipidic/ hyper caloric dietgroup IV. The second experiment was similar with the first but the rats received Agomelatine (0.16mg/ animal): group V (depression induced through exposure to chronic mild stress), VI (depression induced through olfactory bulbectomy) and VII (depression induced through exposure to chronic mild stressing hyperlipidic/ hypercaloric diet). Weight, cholesterol, triglycerides and glycaemia were measured at day 0 and 28, and leptin value was measured at day 28. The results in the 1st experiment revealed significant differences (p<0.01) for weight and cholesterol in Group IV, for triglycerides in groups III and IV (p<0.001), and for glycaemia in group II. The 2nd experiment revealed significant differences (p<0.001) in group VII for weight and triglycerides, and in groups V and VI for triglycerides (p<0.01). In conclusion, significant correlations were found between high level of triglycerides and depression induced by chronic stress and olfactory bulbectomy. Agomelatine groups had a lower increase of triglycerides levels.
Effect of Innovation to the Success of Female Entrepreneurs

This ongoing study investigates the characteristics of innovation and its influence as a success factor for female entrepreneurs in Malaysia. It starts by presenting an extensive review of literatures in the area of entrepreneurship, particularly focusing on women entrepreneurs. Purposive sampling, namely snowball sampling method is used to collect data from small and medium enterprises owned by female entrepreneurs in Malaysia. The study examines the associations among Innovation Conviction (ICN), Innovation Mindset (IMT), Innovation Creed (ICD) and the Need for Achievement (NFA). Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out to the gathered data and presented in this paper. Findings indicate that ICN, ICT and IMT are positively correlated with the Need for Achievement among female entrepreneurs in Malaysia.
The influence of individual characteristics and the work environment on varying levels of training outcomes

This study tested a model in which pretraining self-efficacy and motivation were hypothesized to mediate the relationship between job involvement, organizational commitment, perceptions of the work environment, and training reactions and knowledge acquisition. It also proposed hierarchical relationships between levels of training effectiveness criteria. A series of analyses demonstrated support for the model. Future research should incorporate a multilevel framework and consider the multidimensional nature of training outcomes.