Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early neonatal presentations to the pediatric emergency department

As a result of shorter postpartum hospital stays, many medical concerns, which traditionally have been managed in newborn nurseries, are presenting to the pediatric emergency department (PED). We undertook a study to determine the profile of early neonatal visits to the PED. In addition, we examined the influence of maternal factors and length of postpartum hospital stay on PED visits. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of all neonates ≤ 8 days of age who presented to the PED between June 1990 and May 1995. Data gathered from neonatal and corresponding maternal charts included neonatal and maternal demographics, prenatal instruction, length of postpartum stay, source of referral, age at presentation, presenting complaint, diagnosis, disposition, and course in hospital, if admitted. Results A total of 559 neonatal visits were identified. Neonatal use of the PED increased 245% compared to an overall increase in PED use of 8.7% during the study period. Jaundice, difficulty breathing, feeding problems, and irritability were the most common presenting complaints while the most frequent diagnoses were normal physiology, jaundice, feeding problems, and query sepsis. Our overall admission rate was 33%. Self-referred patients were at a significantly lower risk of serious illness (16% admitted vs 49% of consult patients). The self-referral rate increased with maternal age less than 21, single marital status, no prenatal classes, and primiparity. The length of postpartum hospital stay was identified in 389 neonates (55 early discharge (ED) and 334 non-early discharge (NED). The ED group had a significant increase in annual PED utilization compared to the NED group changing from 2% of the total population in study year 1 to over 31% in the final year. The ED and NED groups did not differ significantly with respect to the majority of chief complaints, frequency of PED diagnoses, admission rates, or maternal characteristics. Conclusions Use of the PED by neonates ≤ 8 days of age increased significantly over the study period. The majority of neonates presented by self-referral and were discharged with advice only. Mothers who were young, single, primiparous, or who had not attended prenatal classes presented with neonates who were less seriously ill. Although ED neonates represent an enlarging subset of PED visitors, they do not appear to differ significantly from NED neonates with respect to PED complaints, diagnoses, and disposition.
The relationship between health literacy with health status and healthcare utilization in 18-64 years old people in Isfahan

Background: Today, much attention has been paid to the patient role as the central factor in the management of their own health. It is focused on the issue that the patient has a more critical role compared with the health-care provider in controlling the patient own health. defines health literacy as the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine health literacy, health status, healthcare utilization and the relationship between them in 18 - 64 years old people in Isfahan. Structure and Design: This study was a descriptive analytical survey, which was conducted on 300 subjects of 18-64 years old in Isfahan with Multi-stage sampling method proportional to selected sample size. Materials and Methods: For collecting the data, questionnaire adapted from CHAP (Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) health literacy questionnaire was used. Health status was measured based on an assessment of the physical and mental health over the past 6 months by 5° Likert scale. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS 18, descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: There was no significant correlation between health literacy, health status and healthcare utilization. Utilization was less in the urban area No. 6 of the city. In the bachelor's degree group, the health status was lower than the other groups in these cases: Older ages, married, women, large family size, undergraduates, and urban area No. 14. Conclusions: Due to the average prevalence of health literacy in 18-64 years old individuals in Isfahan and low- healthcare utilization, the followings are recommended: Necessity of more attention to the issue of health literacy, improving the physician-patient relationship and community awareness, whether through health promotion programs or media for the optimum use of available resources.
The failure of e-learning research to inform educational practice, and what we can do about it

When a new technology is introduced, earlier studies focus on demonstrations of efficacy, followed by studies comparing the new technology against the old. However, such studies do little to advance the new technology. Using an analogy with the automobile the author argues that e-learning is neither inherently superior nor inferior to traditional instruction; rather they are different and complementary. Each can effectively serve different purposes and functions suited to its strengths. A recent meta-analysis of internet-based instruction concluded that existing research provides reassurance that e-learning is better than nothing and similar (on average) to traditional instruction, but yields little guidance on how to effectively use e-learning. e-Learning research to-date has done little to inform educational practice, and further no-intervention-controlled studies or comparisons with traditional instructional methods are not needed. Instead, we need to clarify how and when to use e-learning through ‘basic science’ research and ‘field tests’ comparing one e-learning intervention to another.
Thrombocytosis: a paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients manifest a variety of paraneoplastic syndromes. Thrombocytosis was reported in children with hepatoblastoma. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of thrombocytosis in HCC patients and its relationships with serum thrombopoietin (TPO). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed clinical, biochemical and image data of 1,154 HCC patients. In addition, we measured platelet count and serum TPO in HCC patients with and without thrombocytosis, in patients with cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and healthy subjects in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS Thirty-one (2.7%) of 1,154 HCC patients had thrombocytosis (platelet count > or = 400 K/mm3). HCC patients with thrombocytosis were significantly younger, had a higher serum alpha-fetoprotein, higher rate of main portal vein thrombosis, larger tumor volume, shorter survival, and were less likely to receive therapy than HCC patients without thrombocytosis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that tumor volumes > or = 30% and serum alpha-fetoprotein > or = 140,000 ng/mL could significantly predict thrombocytosis. HCC patients with thrombocytosis had a significantly higher mean serum TPO than those without, as well as patients with cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and healthy subjects. Platelet count and serum TPO dropped significantly after tumor resection in HCC patients with thrombocytosis and re-elevated after tumor recurred. Furthermore, the expression of TPO mRNA was found to be more in tumor tissues than in non-tumor tissues of liver in an HCC patient with thrombocytosis. CONCLUSION Thrombocytosis is a paraneoplastic syndrome of HCC patients due to the overproduction of TPO by HCC. It is frequently associated with a large tumor volume and high serum alpha-fetoprotein.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of the long terminal repeat of integrated bovine leukemia provirus DNA and of adjacent viral and host sequences

The nucleotide sequence of the 3' long terminal repeat and adjacent viral and host sequences was determined for a bovine leukemia provirus cloned from a bovine tumor. The long terminal repeat was found to comprise 535 nucleotides and to harbor at both ends an imperfect inverted repeat of 7 bases. Promoter-like sequences (Hogness box and CAT box), an mRNA capping site, and a core enhancer-related sequence were tentatively located. No kinship was detected between this bovine leukemia proviral fragment and other retroviral long terminal repeats, including that of human T-cell leukemia virus.
Adoption of social media by Business Education students: Application of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

The new generation of students, especially Business Education students are undoubtedly net savvy. Their attendance in the regular classes may be less than hundred percent, but these students browse the net on multiple occasions on a single day! Especially Social networking sites are the most favored locations among the students. There are diverse opinions of the educationists on this trend. On one extreme, they say that social networking sites like Face Book and Twitter cause distractions and hence should be blocked on the campus networks. At the other extreme there is a belief that, this new communication platform can be used to facilitate superior education. In between these two extremes, there are many who are slightly pessimistic to cautiously optimistic. The research paper tries to add to the theoretical knowledge base pertaining to adoption of newer technology of Social Networking amongst the business students at NITIE, Mumbai (a premier MBA level B School in India), by applying Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). An empirical study was carried out using on-line survey research amongst 145 students of MBA. The major findings of the paper pertain to the relationship of independent variables (Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness), Intervening Variable (Attitude) on Dependent Variable (Intention to Use). It is believed that the findings will be useful in understanding adoption phenomena better, so as to help the champions of ICT in education to take superior decisions based on them.
Cometary Particles: Thin Sectioning and Electron Beam Analysis

Thin sections (500 to 1000 angstroms thick) of individual micrometeorites (5 to 15 micrometers) have been prepared with an ultramicrotome equipped with a diamond knife. Electron microscopic examination of these sections has revealed the internal structures of chondritic micrometeorites, and a subset of highly porous, fragile particles has been identified. Delicate meteoritic materials such as these are characteristic of debris from cometary meteors.
Reduction in plate strain by addition of an intramedullary pin.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the strain sparing effect of a bone plate and rod system compared with a bone plate alone. STUDY DESIGN Mathematical analysis and in vitro modeling of implant-bone constructs. Implants were instrumented with uniaxial strain gauges. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE PREPARATION: Five pairs of canine femurs. METHODS Bone plates were instrumented with two 350-ohm strain gauges. The bone plates were used to bridge a simulated fracture gap in five pairs of canine femurs. In one femur of each pair, a bone plate alone was used to bridge the gap; in the opposite femur, a bone plate and intramedullary rod combination was used. Each specimen was mounted on a custom jig and loaded in an axial servohydraulic testing machine. A constantly increasing compressive load was applied at the rate of 0.7 cm/sec. Strains at 400.5 N were recorded and analyzed using Wilcoxon's signed rank test. Mathematical modeling was done using parallel beam theory. RESULTS Stress reduction in the plate and rod system was twofold compared with the plate alone (P = .059). As important, based on stress reduction in the plate, the fatigue life of the plate/rod system increased 10-fold over the plate system alone and was greater than 10-fold at higher absolute stress values. Mathematical analysis of the plate/rod system was similar to that seen with the in vitro analysis. CONCLUSIONS The combination of a bone plate and intramedullary pin was superior in reducing plate stress when compared with the plate alone and functioned as two beams acting in concert. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Stabilization of comminuted fractures by bridging the zone of fragmentation with a bone plate without anatomic reduction of each fragment is a useful method of managing this type of injury. Addition of an intramedullary pin reduces the stress applied to the plate and thereby extends the fatigue life of the bone plate.
[Attempts to overcome the stigma of schizophrenia].

The results of research into attitudes show clearly that the knowledge, the attitudes and views of our society towards psychiatric topics strongly influence practical psychiatric services. Those affected report that they are confronted with a high degree of prejudice and exclusion which considerably inhibits their recovery, their integration and their quality of life even today. Especially people with schizophrenic illnesses are affected by stigmatisation and exclusion. These are not just caused by a lack of information. Prejudices and misconceptions are deeply rooted in our cultural tradition. The negative consequences for the treatment and way of life of those affected are such that Asmus Finzen spoke of a "second illness" which may be caused by stigmatisation.Set against the background of the vulnerability-stress-paradigm, the social consequences can result in stressors. Disadvantages in terms of societal participation, negative assessments and humiliating discrimination can undermine self-esteem, ability to cope and compliance and thereby hinder the recovery process and strengthen remaining marks of the illness. Since there is extensive informed understanding about these problems, the discussion focuses increasinlgy on questions about what psychiatry and those working in psychiatry can contribute to reverse this negative attitude. This is the aim, for example, of the World Psychiatric Association's international awareness campaign, which uses modern communication techniques to try to counter the myths and misunderstandings surrounding the schizophrenic illness and its name. The study being introduced here was carried out in conjunction with the Society for Mental Health Tyrol. It was attempted to discover how information should be conveyed in order to change the attitudes of school pupils. On the basis of these results, we have begun to offer information sessions in schools throughout the Tyrol.
Learning Structured Semantic Embeddings for Visual Recognition

Numerous embedding models have been recently explored to incorporate semantic knowledge into visual recognition. Existing methods typically focus on minimizing the distance between the corresponding images and texts in the embedding space but do not explicitly optimize the underlying structure. Our key observation is that modeling the pairwise image-image relationship improves the discrimination ability of the embedding model. In this paper, we propose the structured discriminative and difference constraints to learn visual-semantic embeddings. First, we exploit the discriminative constraints to capture the intra- and inter-class relationships of image embeddings. The discriminative constraints encourage separability for image instances of different classes. Second, we align the difference vector between a pair of image embeddings with that of the corresponding word embeddings. The difference constraints help regularize image embeddings to preserve the semantic relationships among word embeddings. Extensive evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed structured embeddings for single-label classification, multi-label classification, and zero-shot recognition.
[Clinical study of prophylactic use of gentamicin and metronidazole in the surgery of colorectal carcinoma].

From Oct. 1989 to Apr. 1990, 16 patients with colorectal carcinoma undergoing elective radical resection were randomly divided into two groups to receive oral and combined (oral + i.v.) antimicrobials respectively. Patients in the oral group received preoperative oral gentamicin and metronidazole for two days, in the combined group oral medication was followed by the same antimicrobials intravenously during perioperative period. Quantitative bacterial cultures were performed before and after the regimen. Results showed that the preoperative prophylaxis with oral antimicrobial resulted in a significant reduction in the bacterial counts of the rectum contents in all the patients (P < 0.001). The NICs of gentamicin and metronidazole for E. coli and B. fragilis were found to be 2.31 micrograms/ml and 0.66 micrograms/ml respectively. The perioperative blood samples and the intraoperative tissue specimens were taken for gentamicin and metronidazole determination. In the oral group, effective concentration of metronidazole were found in serum and tissues but gentamicin was undetected. In the combined group, effective concentrations of both gentamicin and metronidazole were detected. According to our results, the short-term preoperative oral medications combined with perioperative intravenous gentamicin and metronidazole prophylaxis appears to rational.
Structural Basis for the Specificity and Catalysis of Human Atg4B Responsible for Mammalian Autophagy*

Reversible modification of Atg8 with phosphatidylethanolamine is crucial for autophagy, the bulk degradation system conserved in eukaryotic cells. Atg4 is a novel cysteine protease that processes and deconjugates Atg8. Herein, we report the crystal structure of human Atg4B (HsAtg4B) at 1.9-Å resolution. Despite no obvious sequence homology with known proteases, the structure of HsAtg4B shows a classical papain-like fold. In addition to the papain fold region, HsAtg4B has a small α/β-fold domain. This domain is thought to be the binding site for Atg8 homologs. The active site cleft of HsAtg4B is masked by a loop (residues 259–262), implying a conformational change upon substrate binding. The structure and in vitro mutational analyses provide the basis for the specificity and catalysis of HsAtg4B. This will enable the design of Atg4-specific inhibitors that block autophagy.
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) therapy of the nephrotic syndrome in children.

The clinical and physiologic features characterizing the administration of 56 courses of ACTH therapy to 45 children with the nephrotic syndrome have been reviewed. The intramuscular administration of ACTH in daily doses of 150 to 200 mg. /sq.m. / 24 hours for at least 8 and usually 10 days resulted in complete diuresis in 38 of 47 (81%) such courses, in 68% of all courses, and in 34 of 45 (75%) patients treated. Approximately 50% of the patients undergoing diuresis have maintained clinical remissions of three months or longer. Twelve of 16 such patients have been in clinical remission for over 6 months; 6 of these, for over 12 months. Induced diuresis and remission were associated with considerable improvement in renal function, particularly glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction. Some diminution of proteinuria and increased serum protein levels were observed after diuresis, and serum cholesterol fell toward normal levels. Rather consistent but minimal changes in serum electrolyte patterns were noted. An increase of 2 to 4 mM/1. in Na, slight alkalosis and a fall in serum K were usual responses. ACTH therapy of the nephrotic syndrome in children may be hazardous. Four patients died as a result of complications associated with therapy. The principal complications were infection, severe hypertension and hypotonicity of the extracellular fluid. Prompt recognition and treatment of these disorders with immediate withdrawal of ACTH therapy required constant vigilance and careful supervision. For this reason, this method of treatment is not considered to he a safe outpatient procedure. The mechanisms responsible for diuresis and remission induced by ACTH therapy are not yet clear. Adequate dosage, normal diet without salt restriction but without added or excessive salt, and possibly a limited period of reduced renal function appear to favor diuresis. Neither the age of the patient nor the (chronologic) duration of disease appear to influence the outcome in children. Although ACTH therapy may not effect a cure, it does appear to alter the course favorably in a relatively significant number of patients treated, and therefore at the present time appears to be the treatment of choice for the active phase of the nephrotic syndrome in children. A preventive or curative agent is still to be found.
Assay of cardiac troponins in the diagnosis of myocardial degeneration due to foot-and-mouth disease in a calf

Kodak) with commercial kits (Vitros Chemistry). Blood was also taken into EDTA-treated tubes for the determination of white blood cells, red blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit. The test results were considered positive when two redbrown bands appeared in the read window after 15 to 20 minutes (Fig 1). cTn-I and cTn-T were also tested in blood from a healthy calf of similar age and body condition. Soon after the collection of samples, the presented calf died. Haematological and biochemical findings in the calf were normal except for ALP, AST and LDH: a two-fold increase in serum ALP, AST and LDH concentrations was determined. cTnI and cTn-T were positive in the case, while a negative result was obtained from the healthy (control) calf. As part of another study, 20 healthy cattle were tested, with no false positives being found (V. Gunes, unpublished data). A postmortem examination was carried out, and heart samples were taken for histopathological examination, routinely processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Von Kossa and Van Gieson stains. Macroscopically, greyish foci of irregular size in the ventricles of the heart were identified. Microscopically, lesions characterised by hyaline degeneration and necrosis, accompanied by an intense mononuclear cell infiltration, were seen on the myocardium. There was also hyperaemia, epicardial haemorrhage and oedema. Thus, the cTn-I and cTn-T kits successfully determined the presence of myocarditis. Blood tests for the diagnosis of cardiac injury in animals are inadequate. Although troponin complex proteins have been determined in animals, there are a limited number of studies on their clinical use. Studies in animals have mainly included laboratory animals and have been designed for the detection of MI in human beings (McAuliffe and Robbins 1991, Ricchiuti and others 1998, Charles and others 2000, Fredericks and others 2001). Clinical trials have indicated that serum cardiac troponins are the first biochemical markers to appear during the course of acute coronary disease in human beings (Boccara and others 2000, Ooi and others 2000). The diagnosis of myocarditis in farm animals due to, for example, hereditary factors, vitamin E and selenium deficiency, microorganisms, traumatic injuries or heart parasites (Van Vleet and Ferrans 1986), is important because in such cases the animals could be slaughtered before sudden death. Therefore cardiac markers such as tropins could be used to diagnose myocarditis in animals. Although no attempts were made to isolate virus, the case history and pathological findings were consistent with previous reports and suggestive of FMD (Van Vleet and Ferrans Assay of cardiac troponins in the diagnosis of myocardial degeneration due to foot-and-mouth disease in a calf