Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lateralisation of categorical perception of colour

The debate over language and thought has traditionally been framed by two opposing approaches: Universalism and Relativism. Universalism holds that language is shaped by universals of human cognition. In contrast, Relativism holds that language shapes thought. Colour categorical perception has been the main area in which the two theories are tested. The current thesis presents a series of experiments examining the nature and origin of colour categorical perception. The focus is on the categorical perception (CP) of colour defined as better discrimination of colours that straddle a category boundary than that of colours within categories. It has recently been argued that colour CP is represented in the. left hemisphere and this reflects explicit language processes. The current thesis tests this account in a series of experiments using a task that loads heavily on perceptual processes. The results show that there is a predisposition for colour CP in pre-lingual infants and that is based in the right hemisphere. In contrast, in adults, colour CP is represented in the left hemisphere. A cross-cultural approach allowed for a further test of the role of language in colour CP comparing speakers of languages that make different categorical colour distinctions. CP effects were found only in marked boundaries and it was lateralised to the left hemisphere. Finally, using a learning paradigm, the findings showed that learning to categorise stimuli alters their perception at an early stage of visual processing and this is restricted to the left hemisphere. Overall, the results presented in this work suggest that colour CP is neither strictly perceptual nor strictly language dependent. Instead, the findings suggest that a subtle interplay between the two positions is required to explain the nature of colour CP. Colour CP is present in the absence of language, but language may modulate the location of categorical perception as colour terms are acquired.
Information propagation through disordered quantum spin chains

One of the central aims of quantum information theory is to exploit quantum mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to build a quantum computer — a device capable of efficiently performing computational tasks which are not feasible on a classical computer. In order to achieve this goal it will be necessary to connect together the different components of a quantum computer with channels which are capable of quickly and faithfully transmitting quantum states. It has been suggested that a good channel for this purpose is a chain of permanently coupled quantum spins and we begin by reviewing some of the protocols which have been previously developed to transfer quantum information along such a spin chain. We then examine the effects of noise on the propagation of quantum information along spin chains, using a toolkit of methods which include Lieb-Robinson bounds, the Jordan-Wigner transform and correlation functions. Several fundamentally different noise models are considered including a static (time-independent) onsite disorder model and two different models of fluctuating (time-dependent) on-site disorder. Each noise model has a different and distinctive effect on the propagation of information — static disorder leads to exponential localisation whilst dynamic disorder can lead to diffusive or even ballistic propagation of information. We finish by reviewing how a spin chain (whether noisy or noisefree) can be viewed as a depolarising channel and we make a detailed study of the geometrical structure of all possible depolarising channels with respect to various bases, concentrating on the Pauli, Gell-Mann and Heisenberg-Weyl bases. In particular, we show precisely when the set of all possible depolarising channels forms a simplex in compression space.
EU Nationals in the UK under pressure due to Brexit : does an apology help?

Apologies play a key role in ameliorating a conflict between two groups. In relation to this, the current study assumes that the expression of emotions can enhance the outcome of an intergroup apology in terms of for instance more forgiveness and satisfaction. This study proposed that there are three factors which mediate the relationship. That is, responsibility-taking, suffering and sincerity. In relation to this, feeling-expressions are assumed to strengthen the extent to which the perpetrator is perceived as suffering and taking the responsibility for the wrongdoing. In turn, higher inferences of responsibility-taking, respectively suffering, are proposed to lead to more perceived sincerity. Finally, through increased inferences of sincerity, it is anticipated that more positive outcomes will follow. These assumptions were tested through an experiment within the context of Brexit. Finally, the results have provided proof for the proposed model. Thus, the outcomes of the current study support the suggested role of responsibility-taking, suffering and sincerity in explaining the positive relationship between feeling-expressions as part of an apology and more favorable outcomes.
Crustal Thickening of the South Qiangtang Terrane, Tibetan Plateau: Constraint from Late Cretaceous High-Sr/Y Granitic Rocks

The crust of the South Qiangtang terrane in the Tibetan plateau was previously interpreted to be initially thickened in response to the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates and the subsequent intracontinental convergences since ∼55 Ma. This study reports geochemical results from Late Cretaceous granitoids (92–89 Ma) in the eastern South Qiangtang terrane. The granitoids have low A/CNK (Al2O3/[CaO + K2O + Na2O]) ratios (0.94–1.06) and P2O5 contents (0.02–0.12 wt%), geochemically similar to I-type granitoids. They are characterized by high Sr (350–938 ppm, most >400 ppm) and low Y (5.94–9.67 ppm), with high Sr/Y (36–119, most >40) and (La/Yb)N (67–394) ratios. They exhibit negative zircon εHf(t) values (−9.8 to −1.1) and low MgO (0.32–0.69 wt%), Cr (2.07–12.17 ppm), and Ni (1.10–5.94 ppm) contents. These features suggest that the granitoids were probably derived from partial melting of thickened lower continental crust. Integrating previous studies with the data presented in this contribution, we suggest that the crust of the eastern part of the South Qiangtang terrane may have been significantly thickened (>50 km) by ca. 90 Ma in the Late Cretaceous.
KOMPETENSI TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (TPACK) GURU SOSHUM SETINGKAT SMA

Pada abad ke 21 guru perlu menantang dan mimiliki kompetensi Pengetahuan Konten Pedagogis Teknologi (TPACK). TPACK adalah pembaharuan yang dirancang, pedagogi, dan konten. Kompetensi TPACK sangat dibutuhkan oleh guru SOSHUM untuk membuat pembelajaran yang cerdas dan kreatif, diperoleh bidang studi SOSHUM lebih lanjut tentang bidang pengetahuan, fakta dan konsep-konsep yang menggunakan hafalan. Faktor jender dalam kompetensi TPACK guru SOSHUM perlu dioptimalkan. Jender diartikan sebagai perbedaan yang terlihat di antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang dapat dilihat dari segi nilai dan komunikasi. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kompetensi TPACK Guru SOSHUM berdasarkan jender. Melalui penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian komparatif, diperoleh hasil penelitian, ada perbedaan pada kompetensi, TPACK, guru SOSHUM berdasarkan jender.
Aerosol versus Greenhouse Gas Effects on Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity and the Hydrologic Cycle

Aerosol cooling reduces tropical cyclone (TC) potential intensity (PI) more strongly, by about a factor of 2 per degree of sea surface temperature change, than greenhouse gas warming increases it. This study analyzes single-forcing and historical experiments from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, aiming to understand the physical mechanisms behind this difference. Calculations are done for the tropical oceans of each hemisphere during the relevant TC seasons, emphasizing multimodel means. PI theory is used to interpret the difference in the PI response to aerosol and greenhouse gas forcings in terms of three factors. The net surface turbulent heat flux (sum of the latent and sensible heat fluxes) explains half of the difference, thermodynamic efficiency explains at most a small fraction, and surface wind speed does not explain the remainder, perhaps because of the use of monthly mean data. Changes in turbulent surface heat fluxes are interpreted as responses to surface radiative flux changes in the context of the energy balance of the ocean mixed layer. Radiative kernels are used to estimate what fractions of the surface radiative flux changes are feedbacks due to temperature and water vapor changes. The greater effect of aerosol forcing occurs because shortwave forcing has a greater direct, temperature-independent component at the surface than does longwave forcing, for a forcing amplitude that provokes the same SST change. This conclusion recalls prior work on the response of precipitation to radiative forcing, and the similarities and differences between precipitation and potential intensity in this regard are discussed.
The Impact of Promotion Justice on Occupational Health and Turnover Intention

As one of daily management practices, promotion is an important tool that motivates employees in a company, and the fairness promotion justice of employees perceived significantly influences their organizational behavior. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of promotion justice on employees’ occupational health and turnover intention as well as its functioning mechanism. By literature reviewing and analyzing, this study suggests that promotion justice influences employees' occupational health and turnover intention, and emotions will regulate these influences. Keywords—Promotion justice; Emotions; Occupational health;
The effects of Chronotype and Social Jetlag on Measures of Executive Functioning

Sleep has an important effect on planning and decision-making abilities, which are integral to daily functioning and quality of life. Cronotype is the propensity to sleep at a particular time during a 24-hour period. Chronotype change across the lifespan, with adolescents and young adults preferring a delayed sleep period, which does not fit with societal norms and often results in social-jetlag. Social-jetlag might impact executive functioning and thus the ability for students to function adequately. As such, the aims of this study are to explore whether 1) there is an interaction effect of chronotype and social-jetlag on tests of executive functioning, and whether 2) there is a difference in executive functioning abilities between those with early and late chronotypes. Thirty-seven university students (mean age= 24.7) underwent an observational cross-sectional study. Measurements included, the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the computerized tests of Planning (Tower of London) and Decision-making (Iowa Gambling Test). The results of two-way ANCOVAs showed a significant difference in planning, but not decision-making between early and low chronotype groups. The results of this study will have great implications for research, practice, and, policy regarding the alteration of college schedules based on students’ biological clocks.
Decomposition of Dynamic Team Decision Problems

This paper considers the question "when can a dynamic team problem be decomposed into several smaller dynamic team problems? " A team is partitioned into several groups of members. Precedence relation a nd nestedness relation of information among these groups are defined. Then the concepts of independent partition and sequential partition of a team are introduced, which are partitions satisfying some conditions on their precedence relation, nestedness relation, and cost function. It is shown that if a team has an independent (sequential) partition, the problem can be decomposed into several independent (related) subproblems. It is also shown that the finest independent (sequential) partition is unique. In addition, decomposition of decentralized control problems is discussed.
A novel “in-situ” processed gate region on GaN MOS capacitors

This work reports a route to the realisation of GaN metal oxide semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) where the GaN surface has not been exposed to atmosphere. This has been achieved by the deposition of a 5nm SiNx “capping” layer as the final part of the GaN on Si MOSCAP wafer growth to encapsulate the GaN surface, followed by its removal in a “cluster” plasma processing tool, which enables both etching of samples and subsequent dielectric and metal deposition without atmospheric exposure between process steps. Capacitance-voltage hysteresis, A Hysteresis, of 90mV and frequency dispersion, A dispersion, of 150mV were achieved from samples where the SiNx capping layer was etched and then transferred under vacuum prior to atomic layer deposition (ALD) of a 20 nm Al2O3 gate dielectric. These were lower than the previously reported values of 250mV and 350mV respectively for GaN-Al2O3 MOS capacitors where the GaN surface had been exposed to atmosphere. The effects of N2 and H2 plasma treatments after SiNx etch and prior to Al2O3 deposition were examined. Exposure to a 150W N2 plasma for 5 minutes produced a Hysteresis and a Dispersion of 200mV and 250mV respectively, both of which reduced to 60mVafter forming gas annealing (FGA) in 10% H2/90% N2 for 30 minutes at 430oC. The insertion of an ALD grown AlN interlayer between an air exposed GaN surface and the Al2O3 gate dielectric resulted in 50mV a Hysteresis and a Dispersion. However, when the process was transferred to samples that went through the SiNx etch and optimised N2 plasma pretreatment, both a Hysteresis and a Dispersion increased to 500mV. The effect of ALD deposition of a TiN gate metal after Al2O3 gate dielectric was also examined. SiNx capped samples were first etched in the cluster tool before transfer to the ALD chamber in which a 20nm Al2O3 gate dielectric was deposited. This was followed by atomic layer deposition of 20nm TiN gate metal. a Hysteresis and a Dispersion of 550mV and 400mV respectively were obtained. These samples had a capacitance-voltage slope which was 155% higher than otherwise comparable structures with Pt/Au gate metal. In conclusion the reductions in a Hysteresis and a Dispersion achieved in this work during in-situ etching and ALD are encouraging for the realisation of high power GaN devices.
Characterization Of Charge Accommodation In Biologically Important Hydrogen-Bonded Clusters

The stabilization of the pyrimidine anion by the addition of water molecules is studied experimentally using photoelectron spectroscopy of mass-selected hydrated pyrimidine clusters and computationally using quantum-mechanical electronic structure theory. Although the pyrimidine molecular anion is not observed experimentally, the addition of a single water molecule is sufficient to impart a positive electron affinity. The sequential hydration data have been used to extrapolate to –0.22 eV for the electron affinity of neutral pyrimidine, which agrees very well with previous observations. These results for pyrimidine are consistent with previous studies of the hydrated cluster anions of uridine, cytidine, thymine, adenine, uracil, and naphthalene. This commonality suggests a universal effect of sequential hydration on the electron affinity of similar molecules.
Implementing Viscous Plane Damper to Prevent Pounding Between Adjacent Reinforced Concrete Buildings

The pounding of adjacent building is one of the key issues that occurs during earthquakes, which has caused severe damage in buildings. This paper presents an analysis of using an innovative viscous plane damper in the gap between adjacent reinforced concrete (RC) buildings subjected to seismic loads. For this purpose, parallel RC structures of three and six storeys are considered, and a viscous plane damper is implemented in the gap between the two adjacent structures. The effect of the viscos plane damper on the pounding of the considered adjacent RC structure is studied. The finite element modelling and seismic time history analysis of the buildings were performed using Arcs 3D software to prepare the building model. The maximum displacements in horizontal, transverse, and vertical directions are evaluated. Two stages of analysis were conducted. The first stage analysed three-storey and six-storey buildings independently. The results of the first stage were validated with experimental and numerical results. The second stage was analysed by combining two buildings with different storey heights with and without the viscous plane damper. The results showed an effective reduction in displacement values at around 23.15% horizontally, 35.5% transversely, and 14.0% vertically. Therefore, the innovative damper significantly decreased pounding between RC buildings.
A COMPARISON OF MORPHEMIC ANALYSIS AND WHOLE WORD MEANING INSTRUCTION ON SIXTH-GRADE STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE OF PREFIXES, TAUGHT WORDS, AND TRANSFER WORDS

An eight-day instructional vocabulary study was conducted to evaluate two methods of instruction for prefixed words for two methods, Morphemic Analysis and Whole Word Meaning. Seventy-five sixth-grade students from a rural middle school were part of this study. The Morphemic Analysis and Whole Word Meaning approaches were similar in a number of ways. Instruction consisted of eight lessons, six instructional lessons and two review lessons. Methods were similar in the specific prefixed words taught (24), duration (8 days/8-9 minutes per word), number of exposures (9), and inclusion of the following activities: Example and/or Non-example, Student Examples, Word/Meaning Match, and Word/Example Match. The major differences between the two methods occurred during the introduction of the prefixed words. Morphemic Analysis included a prefix component that focused on grouping prefixes by families, introducing each prefix meaning, and then analyzing the prefixed word by morphemes: root, prefix, and suffix (as needed). The meaning of the prefixed word was derived by combining the meanings of the parts: root, prefix, and suffix. Whole Word Meaning instruction focused on the prefixed word as a whole unit. Meaning for the prefixed word was developed from a Scenario and Question activity. This activity placed the lesson word into a meaningful written context, and a question followed that guided students to infer the word's meaning. Also, a Prompt activity was used to extend the word's meaning beyond the written passage.Analysis of data on the following three measures: 24 prefixes, 24 prefixed lesson words, and 24 untaught prefixed words, revealed students' performance for the two conditions, Morphemic Analysis and Whole Word Meaning. The data revealed that students made a greater gain in prefix knowledge (17%) from Morphemic Analysis instruction. This gain could be attributed to the direct instruction of prefixes, a major component of the Morphemic Analysis method. On prefixed lesson words, Morphemic Analysis and Whole Word Meaning each showed large gains; thus, they could be considered equally effective methods of vocabulary instruction. The data on untaught prefixed words indicated that the Morphemic Analysis group outperformed the Whole Word Meaning group, by an advantage of two mean points (8%). The present study points to the benefits of prefix knowledge and transfer word knowledge for the Morphemic Analysis group. The similar performance by both methods on taught prefixed words was equally interesting and warrants further investigation into the components of effective vocabulary instruction.
Development and Validation of Mechanical Engineering Trade Skills Assessment Instrument for Sustainable Job Security in Yobe State

Mechanical Engineering Trade Skills Assessment Instrument (METSAI) is aimed at determining the extent to which students have acquired practical skills before graduation that will enable them get employment for sustainable job security in Yobe state. The study employed instrumentation research design. The populations of the study were 23 mechanical engineering trade teachers and 98 mechanical engineering trade students. The study answered two research questions and tested two hypotheses. The METSAI comprising of practical skills items or operations based on NBTE curriculum and NABTEB syllabus were developed and validated by four experts. Mechanical engineering trade teachers from technical colleges in Yobe state were used for further content-validation of the METSAI items which was tried out on 98 mechanical engineering trade students. Data collected were analyzed using statistical mean, Standard deviation, Split-half technique, t-test and ANOVA. The result of the study showed that 13 basic tasks and 72 practical skills items were found appropriate for the METSAI. The instrument was found to possess a high reliability of 0.92. Based on this result, it was recommended amongst others that teachers and examination bodies (NABTEB, WAEC and NECO) should use METSAI for assessing performance of students in mechanical engineering trade. Key words: Practical skills; Assessment instrument; Job security.
Technological literacy and interrupted internet access

ABSTRACT As everyday practices are increasingly digitalised, many countries are prioritising broadband rollout. However, infrastructure provision under national policies has not been uniform. In comparison to urban populations, rural communities often have inferior broadband infrastructure and services and there are disparities in digital opportunities between rural and urban areas. A case study of twenty rural Australian internet users reveals that rural communities suffer from limited access, inconsistent and unreliable services, and rural broadband plans’ data restrictions and high prices, which we conceptualise as ‘interrupted access’. Rural internet experiences are subsequently shaped by the availability, speed, stability and affordability of connections. As a response, a form of ‘technological literacy’ is emerging through which rural consumers undertake technical and social manoeuvrings to self-address challenges from interrupted access and increase their opportunities for digital inclusion. Participants developed innovative local solutions, such as self-installed auxiliary hardware and mobile towers, which they used to improve mobile broadband coverage. Those unable to build such solutions displayed new types of knowledge encompassing broader contexts of connectivity (infrastructure, devices and plans) and re-structured rural life to accommodate internet use that is shaped by interrupted access. Growing community-level capacity and interest in broadband development suggests national policies could better reduce rural-urban inequities by supporting and empowering localised solutions. Without addressing the interrupted nature of rural connectivity to improve service quality and affordability, disparities in the digital opportunities available to rural and urban consumers will persist.