Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contextual Factors and Health Risk Behaviors Associated with Date Fighting Among High School Students

ABSTRACT Over 2,000 North Carolina high school students completed surveys measuring community risk and protective factors and individual health risk behaviors including dating violence perpetration and victimization. Females reported more date fighting perpetration than males (8.8% to 4.0%), as well as greater levels of date fighting victimization (7.2% and 5.0%). In multivariate models, factors associated with date fighting perpetration among females and males included riding with a drinking driver. Neighborhood organization was protective for both groups. Cigarette use, drinking and driving, and being a minority were also associated with perpetration among females, while tobacco use was associated with date fighting perpetration by males. Factors associated with victimization among both genders included riding with a drinking driver. Females were more likely to be victimized if they used marijuana, whereas males were less likely to be a victim of date fighting if they perceived their community to be “organized. ” Findings reflect comparable individual risk factors for date fighting across genders, with few exceptions, and warrant further investigation of the role of community assets in protecting young people from dating violence.
Assessment of Central Vision and Macular Structure in Patients Undergoing Iodine-125 Brachytherapy for Ciliochoroidal Melanoma

Objectives:To prospectively report standardized visual function and macular structural assessment in patients undergoing iodine-125 brachytherapy for choroidal and ciliary body melanoma. Materials and Methods:Patients were enrolled for pretreatment and annual posttreatment assessment. Evaluations included ophthalmic history; standardized refraction; visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and color vision measurement; comprehensive ophthalmic examination; fundus photography; fluorescein angiography; optical coherence tomography; and ultrasonography. Radiation doses to the foveola and optic disc margin were calculated. Results:Forty-two patients were enrolled. Melanoma location included 3 in the ciliary body, 7 anterior, 11 equatorial, 13 posterior, and 8 macular tumors. Mean apical tumor height was 4.45 mm (range 1.79–9.83 mm) and mean longitudinal tumor diameter was 9.41 mm (range 4.52–4.73 mm). Pretreatment mean best-corrected Ferris-Bailey early treatment diabetic retinopathy study visual acuity was 50 (standard deviation ±15) letters (Snellen equivalent 20/32, range 20/15 to hand motions). The mean Pelli-Robson contrast threshold percentage was 4.1% (±2.5%). The mean Hardy-Rand-Rittler color vision score was 13/14 (±2.7). Mean distances from the posterior edge of the tumor to the foveola and the optic disc margin were 6.99 mm (±6.22 mm) and 7.28 mm (±5.98 mm), respectively. At the foveola, median total radiation dose was 36.2 Gy (±50.6 Gy) and median dose rate was 31.6 cGy/h (±39.8 cGy/h). At the optic nerve, median total radiation dose was 42.8 Gy (±30.8 Gy) and median dose rate was 36.2 cGy/h (±21.4 cGy/h). Conclusion:This prospective assessment of macular structure and function will provide more complete understanding of the ocular effects of radiation therapy for ocular melanoma.
The Menstrual Cycle and Sexual Behavior: Relationship to Eating, Exercise, Sleep, and Health Patterns

ABSTRACT Patterns of eating, exercise, sleep, and health were investigated across 180 menstrual cycles of 89 women who engaged in sex with a male (n = 45; cycles = 85), a female (n = 21; cycles = 37), or abstained from sex (n = 33; cycles = 58) from January 2005 to December 2007 (10 contributed to 2 groups). Cycles were divided into 5 phases based on their luteinizing hormone surges. Daily questionnaires and saliva for IgA and cortisol analyses were obtained. Women indicated that they ate more (p < .008) and did not sleep as well (p = .02) during their luteal and premenstrual phases. Participants were less likely to experience food cravings and did not satisfy their cravings when they were ovulatory (p < .001). Additionally, a greater proportion of lesbians skipped breakfast (p = .01) and exercised less than heterosexuals (p = .05). Sexually active women had lower cortisol and IgA levels than abstinent women (p = .02). Our study discovered, and confirmed, systematic differences in eating, sleeping, and health patterns across women's menstrual cycles.
Physical Activity and Fitness in the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease and Associated Risk Factors

Less than half of the adult population in the United States meet the minimum physical activity recommendations of the 1996 surgeon general's report: 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity on most if not all days of the week. There is strong evidence that following these recommendations could potentially reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease and mortality. The benefits of more vigorous exercise are less clear, especially for women. Physical fitness demonstrates an even stronger negative association with coronary heart disease and mortality with a 17% to 20% reduction in mortality for every 1 metabolic equivalent (3.5 mL/kg/min) increase in aerobic power (VO 2max). For prevention or management of diabetes, the American Diabetes Association recommends 150 minutes per week or more of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and/or 90 minutes per week or more of vigorous aerobic exercise. Weight loss may require 60 to 90 minutes of moderate exercise per day. Regular moderate, but not vigorous, exercise is recommended for the prevention/management of hypertension. Many studies support moderate to high-intensity exercise 3 to 5 times per week for at least 30 minutes per session to manage or improve cholesterol profiles, although changes reported vary and are modest in most cases.
Statistical Interpretation of CA125 and Bcl-2 in Serum of Patients With Late Stage Ovarian Cancer

Objectives:The present study was conducted to investigate the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy of serum CA125 and Bcl-2 levels and their combination in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Methods:Healthy controls (n = 117) with no gynecologic problems and patients with ovarian carcinoma (n = 117), pathologically verified, consecutively admitted to the Istanbul University, Oncology Institute during a one-year period were investigated. Serum Bcl-2 and CA125 were determined by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. Results:The serum bcl-2 and CA125 levels were significantly higher in patients with ovarian cancer than in the control group (P < 0.001). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, predictive values and accuracies were calculated for each marker and their combination. Conclusion:The best result was achieved with the combination of CA125-bcl-2. This combination fulfills the need of diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma for the best sensitivity and specificity.
Arsenic Trioxide in Patients With Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas Refractory to Gemcitabine: A Phase II Trial of the University of Chicago Phase II Consortium

Objectives:There is no effective therapy for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who fail initial therapy with gemcitabine. Arsenic trioxide has potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in pancreatic cancer cell lines. We conducted a multicenter phase II trial in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who experienced disease progression on or after a gemcitabine-containing regimen. Methods:Arsenic trioxide 0.3 mg/kg was administered intravenously over 1 hour daily for 5 consecutive days every 28 days. Restaging computed tomography scans were obtained every 2 cycles. Results:Thirteen patients were enrolled between December 2002 and November 2003. Twenty-four cycles were administered (median 2; range 1–2). There were no grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities; grade 1/2 anemia and leukopenia occurred in 50% and 25% of patients, respectively. Grade 3 toxicities included fatigue and thrombosis in 17% of patients. Only 1 patient developed a prolongation of the QTc interval. There were no objective responses. Median progression-free survival was 1.6 months (95% confidence interval, 1.2–1.9). Median survival was 3.8 months (95% confidence interval, 1.6–6.8). Conclusions:Despite promising in vitro data, arsenic trioxide has no activity in pancreatic cancer patients who develop progressive disease after gemcitabine. Multicenter phase II trials are feasible in this patient population, and novel agents are clearly needed.
A Retrospective Study of Factors associated with Newcastle Disease Outbreaks in Village Indigenous Chickens

Although the epidemiology of Newcastle disease in commercial poultry systems is well documented, its ecology in indigenous birds, especially in tropics, is not adequately reported. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine the risk factors associated with occurrence of Newcastle disease in village indigenous chickens. The study was carried out in five agro –ecological zones and seventy five households keeping indigenous chickens. Farmers were randomly selected and assessed on whether they understood Newcastle disease including knowing its local name and clinical signs manifested by the affected birds. Those who did not fit into the above category were excluded from further interviews. Data on management practices, incidence of diseases and risk factors associated with Newcastle disease outbreaks were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using statistical package. The prevalence rate of Newcastle disease was highest (93.8%) in the dry zone (Low midland 5) and lowest (50%) in cool wet zone (Lower Highland 1). Newcastle disease outbreaks were significantly associated with the following factors namely: confinement of birds in all ecological zones except in lower midland 5 where most cases were reported without confinement; mode of disposal of infected birds, carcasses and poultry faecal matter; dry seasons in the dry zones just before the rains; wind conditions; short intermittent temperature changes and the restocking of farms with chickens from the markets (P 0.05) associated with Newcastle disease outbreaks. The responses varied across the seasons and between the agro – ecological zones. In conclusion, the study has shown that several factors namely: confinement; cold or very hot temperatures; winds; introduction of market birds and disposal of manure and sick birds are major risk factors to occurrence of Newcastle disease in indigenous chickens. It is recommended that flock owners be educated on Newcastle disease transmission and prevention. Key – words : risk factors, agro–ecological zones, confinement, hot and cold seasons
Dignified Dying as a Nursing Phenomenon in the United States

The purpose of this study was to validate the concept of dignified dying and to identify nursing interventions to promote dignified dying. US nurses (N = 281) who participated in the 2000-2001 End of Life Nursing Education Consortium were surveyed via e-mail. Subjects rated characteristics for representativeness of dignified dying and identified nursing interventions to promote dignified dying. Examples of major characteristics of dignified dying identified through quantitative analysis included "verbalizes relief of pain," "expresses control of symptoms," and "participates in decisions for care and treatment. " Examination of construct validity resulted in a two-factor solution accounting for 60% of the variance. The factors supported issues beyond the physical concerns of illness, including psychosocial and spiritual dimensions of end-of-life care. Qualitative analysis was used to cluster interventions identified by nurses to promote dignified dying. Interventions focused on increasing comfort and included, for example, listening, pain control, life review, and family support.
Factors Related to Physicians' Willingness to Vaccinate Girls Against HPV: The Importance of Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control

This study assessed factors related to physicians' intentions to vaccinate patients against human papillomavirus. A random sample of physicians was surveyed. The survey questions focused on the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the relationship of theoretical constructs to intention to vaccinate. Of the 207 physicians who responded, intentions to vaccinate were very high (86.5%). On a scale of 1 to 7 (strongly disagree to strongly agree) physicians had positive attitudes toward the vaccine. Physicians reported the vaccine was a good idea (M = 6.65, SD = 0.79), beneficial (M = 6.64, SD = 0.76), and protected against cervical cancer (M = 6.63, SD = 0.77). Intention to vaccinate was driven by subjective norms (provided by guidelines or standards of practice by important professional and general referent groups) (β = 1.00, p < 0.05) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.39, p < 0.05). These findings indicate that public health efforts to encourage physicians to adopt the human papillomavirus vaccine should focus on subjective norms, such as those provided by professional organizations.
Factors Associated with Health Information-Seeking in Low-Income Pregnant Women

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of health literacy, self-efficacy, and fetal health locus of control to health information-seeking in low-income pregnant women and the contribution from each factor alone or in combination to the variance in health information-seeking. This was a cross-sectional study of 143 English-speaking pregnant women who were recruited from a prenatal clinic and were 18 years of age or older in 2007–2008. Health literacy, self-efficacy, fetal health locus of control, and health information-seeking were measured using the Short Form of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, the Health Information Competence Scale, the Fetal Health Locus of Control Scale, and the Pregnancy Health Information-Seeking Scale. Health literacy was not significantly correlated with health information-seeking. Self-efficacy (r = .33) and internal fetal health locus of control (r = .27) demonstrated significant correlations with health information-seeking, and together they accounted for 15% of the variance in health information-seeking. After controlling for covariates, self-efficacy (p = .0006) and internal fetal health locus of control (p = .03) remained significantly associated with health information-seeking. In conclusion, pregnant women's characteristics, such as self-efficacy and internal fetal health locus of control belief, are associated with their health information-seeking during pregnancy.
Maternal Stress, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index During New Mothers' First Year Postpartum

We evaluated associations of parenting stress, including depressive symptoms, with 51 first-time mothers' light and moderate physical activity and body mass index during the first year postpartum. The Parenting Stress Index and 24-hour physical activity recalls were completed during the first year postpartum (mean time elapsed since birth: 6 months). Direct relationships between identified variables were tested, and then hierarchical linear regression was used to assess hypothesized relationships among body mass index, physical activity, and parenting stress. Effects of parenting stress on the relationships between postpartum body mass index, light physical activity, and moderate physical activity were evaluated after controlling for factors known to be associated with overweight and low levels of physical activity in women. Mean postpartum body mass index = 27.4 kg/m2 ± 7.7, range = 18–50 kg/m2. Mean reported hours of light physical activity = 11.2 ± 3.0, and moderate physical activity = 4.5 ± 3.0 per day. Postpartum body mass index was not associated with parenting stress, but was positively related to higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (r = .89, p < .01) and light physical activity (r = .32, p < .05), and was negatively related to moderate physical activity (r = −25, p < .08). Higher postpartum body mass index (β = .27, p < .05), less concern regarding parenting competence (β = −.95, p < .001), and more depressive symptoms (β = .66, p < .01) were associated with more light physical activity (R2 = .48, p < .001). More moderate physical activity (R2 = .45, p < .001) was associated with lower postpartum body mass index (β = −.27, p < .05), more concern about parenting competence (β = 1.0, p < .001), and less depressive symptoms (β = −.68, p < .01). Higher postpartum body mass index (R2 = .89, p < .001) was associated with higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (β = .99, p < .001), more pregnancy weight gain (β = .22, p < .001), less attachment (β = −.68, p < .01), and less social isolation (β = −.13, p < .02). These data suggest that interventions that target parenting stress and depressive symptoms in addition to physical activity are needed to prevent development of overweight in new mothers.
Safety and Efficacy of a Combination of Docetaxel and Cisplatin in Patients With Unknown Primary Cancer

Objectives:Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of docetaxel and cisplatin in the treatment of unknown primary cancer. Patients and Methods:Inclusion criteria included histologic evidence of carcinoma originating in an unknown primary organ, no prior chemotherapy, age range 20 to 75 years, WHO PS ≤3, measurable or evaluable lesions, and adequate organ function. Docetaxel (60 mg/m2) followed by cisplatin (80 mg/m2) was administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Patients were assessed for tumor response after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, and 4 additional cycles were administered unless disease progression was demonstrated. Results:Between September 1997 and September 2002, 45 patients were enrolled. The median age was 56.5 years (28–73 years), and their performance status (PS) were 0 (11 patients), 1 (26 patients), and 2 (6 patients), respectively, (2 patients were removed from the trial after initial enrolment). A total of 26 patients (60%) presented with lymphadenopathy, 14 patients (33%) with visceral disease, and 3 (7%) with bone and soft-tissue metastases. The overall response rate was 65.1% (4 complete response, 24 partial response, 8 NC, 7 progressive diseases: 95% confidence interval, 48.0–78.4). The median time to progression was 5.0 months. The median survival time was 11.8 months. No treatment-related deaths were observed. Commonly observed side effects included neutropenia (grade 3–4, 16 patients), nausea (grade 3, 13 patients), and nephrotoxicity (grade 2, 5 patients). Conclusions:These results indicate that the combination of docetaxel and cisplatin is a safe and effective regimen for patients with unknown primary cancer.
Health and Sexual Outcomes of Women Who Have Experienced Forced or Coercive Sex

Previous research has linked women's history of experiencing sexual assault with negative health outcomes; however, much of this research is over a decade old. Furthermore, little research has examined the relationship between sexual assault and women's sexuality. In the current study the authors aimed to assess the relation of experiencing sexual assault to women's health and sexuality and the relation of repeat victimization by multiple different perpetrators to such outcomes. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 2,915 women using an online questionnaire. Nearly half (n = 1,394, 47.8%) indicated having experienced forced or coercive sex. Women who had experienced forced or coercive sex were more likely to report negative health outcomes (Adj. OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.35–1.82, p < .001) and some negative sexual outcomes compared to women without a history of forced or coercive sex. Similarly, women who experienced repeat victimizations by multiple different perpetrators were even more likely to report negative health outcomes (Adj. OR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.28–1.59, p < .001) as well as some negative sexual outcomes. Healthcare providers should be aware of the relation of sexual assault to health and sexuality and continue to address health and sexuality issues associated with sexual assault for their patients.
Phase II Study of Paclitaxel and Irinotecan With Intercalated Gefitinib in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Objectives:We conducted a phase II study of combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel (Pac) and irinotecan (CPT) alternating with gefitinib (Gef) to determine the qualitative and quantitative toxicities and efficacy of this combination against advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods:Patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC were treated with CPT at 60 mg/m2 and Pac at 160 mg/m2 on day 1 followed by Gef at 250 mg per day on days 8 to 14 every 3 weeks. Results:Between April 2005 and March 2006, 16 patients received the chemotherapy with Pac and CPT alternating with Gef. Eleven patients received 4 to 6 cycles, except for 5 patients who discontinued treatment in the second or third cycles because of disease progression in 2, grade 3 pneumonitis with pulmonary infiltration in 2, and decreased performance status in 1. Grade 3 toxicities were neutropenia, an increased glutamic pyruvic transaminase level, allergy, pneumonitis, anorexia, and fatigue. Elevation of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase level after 1 cycle was the only grade 4 toxicity. Seven of 16 patients achieved a partial response and the overall response rate in the prospective study was 43.8%. The median survival time was 18.1 months. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 56.3% and 43.8%, respectively. Conclusion:Pac and CPT combined with Gef was not effective enough for NSCLC.
Relation Between Perceived Stress, Social Support, and Coping Strategies and Maternal Well-Being: A Review of the Literature

The objective of this work was to review published articles on the impact of perinatal stress on mothers' medium- or long-term psychological health and the efficacy of coping strategies, to determine if social support plays a role in the interaction between birth events and mothers' psychological experiences, and to identify the tools used for these measurements. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched for English and French language articles from 2000 through 2010 inclusive. Thirty-seven articles fulfilled the selection criteria. The results of this review highlight an association between perceived stress and postpartum depressive symptoms. However, because perceived stress has been evaluated in a general manner, it was not possible to identify events having more or less relation to postpartum depressive symptoms in mothers. Social support also appeared to be related to mothers' psychological health. Coping strategies were difficult to analyze because of the lack of homogeneity in their definition across studies. The comparison among studies of social support and coping strategies was also difficult due to the diversity of tools used and their lack of specificity. New tools should be specifically developed for the perinatal period, and further research should be performed to understand better the events and adequacy of social support.