Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of exogenous phytase supplementation on phosphorus metabolism and digestibility of beef cattle

Abstract Objectives were to determine interactions between phytase inclusion and dietary P concentration on P utilization by beef cattle fed a starch-based diet. Six ruminally-fistulated steers (BW = 750 ± 61 kg) were allotted to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors included phytase inclusion, at 0, 500, or 2,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of diet DM, and dietary P concentrations, at 0.10% and 0.30% of total diet DM. Feed ingredients, fecal samples, and orts were composited within period, lyophilized and ground. Samples were analyzed for NDF, ADF, CP, fat, ash, total P, and other minerals. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with animal as the experimental unit. The CORR procedure was used to compare blood and urinary P concentrations. There were no treatment interactions (P ≥ 0.30) for any parameter measured. There were no main effects (P ≥ 0.45) of phytase inclusion on DMI, total fecal output, apparent DM digestibility, water intake, or urinary output. Steers fed 0.10% P had decreased (P < 0.01) DMI and total fecal output, but increased (P < 0.01) apparent DM digestibility compared with steers fed 0.30% P. Although N intake and retention were not affected by treatment, steers fed the 0.10% P diet tended (P = 0.10) to absorb more N compared with steers fed 0.30% P; and, steers fed the 0.10% P diets excreted more N in the urine (P = 0.02) and less N in the feces (P < 0.01) compared with steers fed the 0.30% P diets. Steers fed the 0.10% P diets also consumed 70.1% less (P < 0.01) total P each day, and excreted 51.9% less (P < 0.01) P in feces and 94.6% less P in the urine (P < 0.01) compared with steers fed 0.30% P. Excretion of water-soluble P in the feces was greater (P < 0.01) on a g/d basis for steers fed 0.30% P when compared with steers fed 0.10% P. However, the proportion of total fecal P excreted as water-soluble P increased (P < 0.05) by 23.0% in steers fed 0.10% P compared with steers fed 0.30% P, regardless of phytase inclusion level. There was no effect of dietary phytase concentration on blood or urinary (P ≥ 0.27) P concentrations. Blood P concentration was positively correlated (r = 0.60; P < 0.01) to urinary P concentration when steers were fed 0.10% P; however, when steers were fed 0.30% P, there was no correlation (r = 0.36; P = 0.16) between blood and urine P. Regardless of dietary P concentration, phytase supplementation did not increase calculated P absorption or retention.
Running into Brick Walls Attempting to Improve a Simple Unsupervised Parser

In this article, we present a re-implementation of a simple unsupervised parser introduced by Søgaard (2012). This parser is able to parse sentences without any training. Furthermore, we propose various extensions to this parser. We evaluate the impact of several extensions on six languages. While we observe some improvements, different extensions impact different languages differently and we cannot give language-independent recommendations
A First Experimental Approach to the Distributed 3D-Vortex Receptivity of a Boundary Layer on an Airfoil

Abstract : This paper is devoted to an investigation of the distributed linear receptivity of a two-dimensional laminar boundary layer on the curved surface of an airfoil with respect to non-stationary free-stream vortices. The vortices represent a periodic anti-symmetric vortex street localized along the spanwise coordinate with the vorticity vector directed initially (i.e. upstream the airfoil) perpendicular to the flow velocity vector and the leading edge of the airfoil. The vortex-street frequency was chosen to be close to flat of the most amplified 2D TS-wave. Hot-wire measurements were performed as a set of spanwise scans which cover a part of the streamwise region of the continuously excited 3D TS-wave train. Due to different phase speeds of the outer disturbance and the TS-waves this wave train is found to be modulated in spanwise and streamwise directions. Using a phase-locked measurement system the complex TS-wave amplitude is determined at the maximum of the TS-eigenfunction inside the boundary layer and Fourier decomposed into spanwise wavenumber spectra. In a similar way the complex amplitude of the free-stream vortices is determined as a reference.
Comparative Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency of Physical and Chemical Mutagens in Solanum melongena L. Variety Pusa Uttam

The better understanding of selecting an effective and efficient mutagen may provide better chances to induce high frequency of desirable mutations in any crop breeding program. Present study was carried out with the eggplant (Solanum melongena) variety Pusa Uttam to test the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma ray, methyl methane sulphonate (MMS), dimethylsulphate (DMS) and diethyl sulphate (DES) to induce maximum macro-mutations which could eventually be exploited in future as viable and economically important traits. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were calculated as per the standard formulae. In general, the results indicated that mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency decreased with increase in mutagenic treatments. Moreover, the lower or intermediate treatments of gamma rays as well as the alkylating agents were found more effective and efficient in creating maximum mutations with less biological damage. The order of mutagenic effectiveness was MMS>DMS>DES>gamma ray. The order of mutagenic efficiency with regard to inhibition in germination (Mp/I) was same as the effectiveness, while, the orders of efficiency with regard to pollen sterility (Mp/S) was DMS>DES>MMS>gamma ray. The alkylating agents were found to be more potent than gamma rays in effectively and efficiently widening the genetic base of variability in eggplant and provided greater chances for selecting different desirable characters in future breeding program.
Fuzzy Expert System Applied in Hiring Ratings and Long Term Job Performance Prediction

This paper is presenting a model for a better prediction of long term job performance as seen by a Multinational Company from the West side of Romania (51 staff). This study is discussing a human resources procedure on recruiting assessment and its valid connection to the annual personnel evaluation individual scores, by analyzing archival data. Results conclude that age, gender, professional expertise, year of hiring, numeric and verbal abilities and interview score can predict job performance. Our hypothesis states that if we replace the classical weighted scoring algorithm with a fuzzy expert system, we will provide a better prediction of long term job performance.
LDA+U Study on Plutonium Dioxide with Spin-Orbit Couplings (Selected Papers of the Joint International Conference of Supercomputing in Nuclear Applications and Monte Carlo : SNA + MC 2010)

We perform first-principles density functional calculations on plutonium dioxides considering proper relativistic effects and strong correlations with the LDA+ U method. Though this material is a paramagnetic insulator, standard local density approximation (LDA) predicts metallic states. In this paper, we point out that not only strong correlations but also spin-orbit couplings as relativistic effects are necessary to obtain paramagnetic insulating states. Based on this proper method, we also calculate physical properties of plutonium dioxide and compare them with experiments.
Reversing the endowment effect

When given a desirable item, people have a tendency to value this owned item more than an equally-desirable, unowned item. Conversely, when the endowed item is undesirable, in some circumstances people have a tendency to swap it for an equally undesirable item, a phenomenon known as the reversed endowment effect. The fact that the endowment effect can reverse for undesirable items has been taken as evidence against loss aversion being the underlying cause of the endowment effect. This study represents the first time that the reversed endowment effect has been observed for choices with real consequences. However, we find that the reversed endowment effect occurs only when participants’ ability to compare the available choice options is limited. We further show that these endowment reversals can also be induced for choices between desirable options and removed for choices between undesirable options by manipulating the expectations participants have when making a choice. Finally, we show that our data, including endowment reversals, can in principle be explained by loss aversion.
Fabrication and optical characterization of microstructures in poly(methylmethacrylate) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) using femtosecond pulses for photonic and microfluidic applications

We fabricated several microstructures, such as buried gratings, surface gratings, surface microcraters, and microchannels, in bulk poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) using the femtosecond (fs) direct writing technique. A methodical study of the diffraction efficiency (DE) of the achieved gratings was performed as a function of scanning speed, energy, and focal spot size in both PMMA and PDMS. An optimized set of writing parameters has been identified for achieving efficient gratings in both cases. The highest DE recorded in a PDMS grating was ∼10% and ∼34% in a PMMA grating obtained with an 0.65 NA (40X) objective with a single scan. Spectroscopic techniques, including Raman, UV-visible, electron spin resonance (ESR), and physical techniques, such as laser confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were employed to examine the fs laser-modified regions in an attempt to understand the mechanism responsible for physical changes at the focal volume. Raman spectra collected from the modified regions of PMMA indicated bond softening or stress-related mechanisms responsible for structural changes. We have also observed emission from the fs-modified regions of PMMA and PDMS. An ESR spectrum, recorded a few days after irradiation, from the fs laser-modified regions in PMMA did not reveal any signature of free radicals. However, fs-modified PDMS regions exhibited a single peak in the ESR signal. The probable rationale for the behavior of the ESR spectra in PMMA and PDMS are discussed in the light of free radical formation after fs irradiation. Microchannels within the bulk and surface of PMMA were achieved as well. Microcraters on the surfaces of PMMA and PDMS were also accomplished, and the variation of structure properties with diverse writing conditions has been studied.
Magyarcarcinidae new family (Crustacea: Decapoda: Goneplacoidea), and description of Magyarcarcinus yebraensisnew species, from the Bartonian (Middle Eocene) of the Jaca basin, south-central Pyrenees (Aragón, N Spain)

Magyarcarcinidae, nova familia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Goneplacoidea), i descripcio de Magyarcarcinus yebraensis nova especie del Bartonia (Eoce mitja) de la conca de Jaca, Pirineus centrals (Arago, N d’Espanya) Es proposa la nova familia Magyarcarcinidae per tal d’acomodar-hi el genere Magyarcarcinus. S’erigeix una nova especie, Magyarcarcinus yebraensis, en base a exemplars procedents de nivells del Bartonia de la Formacio Margas de Arguis a Yebra de Basa (Arago, N d’Espanya). Al mateix temps es fa una detallada comparacio amb totes les families de Goneplacoidea i altres taxons relacionats. Tambe es confirma la relacio entre la fauna de decapodes de l’Eoce mitja de les illes britaniques i la del marge occidental del Tetis, aixi com les possibles vies migratories.
Fixation Effects on Forward and Backward Recall in a Spatial Working Memory Task

This study was designed to investigate whether fixation on the items to be remembered provided a beneficial effect on spatial working memory. A spatial working memory task based on the Corsi blocks task was assigned to 24 participants (12 men, 12 women; M age = 21.5 yr., SD = 1.3, range = 18 - 24) who were later asked to recall a sequence of targets in forward and backward order. When participants were asked to memorize the sequence while maintaining fixation on each target, both beneficial and disruptive effects were found in the recall performance for backward recall, but not for forward recall. Results suggest that some memory processes that proceed without fixation on the presented items are more important for backward recall.
Schedule-Based Integrated Intercity Bus Line Planning via Branch-and-Cut

This work addresses integrated line planning for inter-city bus lines which di? ers in several respects from line planning in public transit. Passengers in inter-city transportation decide on speci? c timetabled services to get to their destination. This is a contrast to an urban setting with higher frequencies, where it is generally su? cient to choose a line. Furthermore, inter-city bus transportation in deregulated markets is usually characterized by ? erce competition within and across modes. Customers are highly sensitive to price, time of day, duration, convenient access to stations, and service quality. Hence, bus line operators need to decide thoroughly on every single timetabled service they o? er in order to manage the cost and revenue consequences of network design and timetable. We provide a schedule-based modeling approach integrating aspects of dynamic demand, network planning, and timetabling. For a given line corridor, locations of potential stations and ideal service times are determined simultaneously. We analyze the performance of our branch-and-cut solution approach using data from a German inter-city bus carrier operating in a newly deregulated and quickly developing market. Moreover, we show that the integrated and schedule-based line planning often produces insightful new results that di? er signi? cantly from conventional approaches.
Effects of overstory and understory competition and simulated herbivory on growth and survival of white pine seedlings

The interactive impact of overstory canopy closure, understory brush control, and simulated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) herbivory (i.e., clipping) on growth and survival of underplanted white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings was examined. Clipping was conducted in April 1996 and 1997 at three intensities (control, 0% previous year's growth removed; lightly clipped, terminal and 50% previous year's growth removed, and heavily clipped: 100% of previous-year's growth removed) and three frequencies (never clipped, clipped once, clipped 2 years in a row). Decreasing overstory canopy closure and brush competition generally increased growth of seedlings under all clipping regimes, with heavily clipped seedlings showing the least benefit of reduced competition. Although first-year height growth was stimulated after light-intensity clipping, this effect did not persist the following year, and these trees still were significantly shorter than controls at the end of the experiment. Diameter growth was reduced at any clipping intensity or frequency, and remained below controls throughout the experiment. Seedling mortality was higher without brush control and after clipping. Results suggest that increased overstory and understory competition reduced seedling growth and survival. In regards to clipping, initial height growth stimulation may result from (i) resource reallocation away from diameter and root growth and (or) (ii) hormonal redistributions from loss of apical control in the seedling. Since both high competition levels and increased herbivory reduced seedling vigor, we suggest that understory brush control and deer protection (e.g., budcapping) go hand in hand to regenerate white pine.
On gravity currents in stratified ambients

Detailed numerical simulations were conducted of gravity currents released from a lock and propagating at the bottom of a linearly stratified ambient. The objective is to test the predictions of the recent theoretical analysis by Ungarish [M. Ungarish, J. Fluid Mech. 548, 49 (2006)] concerning the dependency of the front velocity (Froude number, Fr) on the stratification parameter (S) and height ratio (a). The functional dependence of the front velocity on S is found to agree with the theoretical results for weak stratification, although the numerically obtained front velocities lie below the predicted values, as a result of viscous effects. Simulations for deeply submerged currents (small a) in strongly stratified ambients (S>0.5) show that the front velocities deviate from the fastest predicted theoretical solution, but fall within the range of the slower solutions found by Ungarish. This observation supports the theoretical prediction concerning (a) the existence of multiple solutions; and (b) the selection of the slowest solution as the front velocity in a nonforced time-dependent flow. The computational results point to the action of internal waves as the cause for the reduced front velocity. The numerical results also confirm the prediction that the thickness ratio of current to ambient is less than one half, and decreases with S.Detailed numerical simulations were conducted of gravity currents released from a lock and propagating at the bottom of a linearly stratified ambient. The objective is to test the predictions of the recent theoretical analysis by Ungarish [M. Ungarish, J. Fluid Mech. 548, 49 (2006)] concerning the dependency of the front velocity (Froude number, Fr) on the stratification parameter (S) and height ratio (a). The functional dependence of the front velocity on S is found to agree with the theoretical results for weak stratification, although the numerically obtained front velocities lie below the predicted values, as a result of viscous effects. Simulations for deeply submerged currents (small a) in strongly stratified ambients (S>0.5) show that the front velocities deviate from the fastest predicted theoretical solution, but fall within the range of the slower solutions found by Ungarish. This observation supports the theoretical prediction concerning (a) the existence of multiple solutions; and (b) the sele.
Biomathematical Analysis of the Liver Fibrosis

Liver fibrosis is the final common stage of the most chronic liver diseases, it is caused by several factors which lead to a major worldwide health care burden. Over the decades, the understanding of the liver fibrosis disease was growing rapidly, several studies reported that this progress could be regressed or reversed, which give us a bright prospect in developing anti-fibrotic therapies. In this experiment, liver fibrosis were fully developed after CCl4 induction for 7 weeks in eight animals. Clinical pathologic parameters, four indicators of hepatic fibrosis in monkey showed similarly changes in human. All animals had liver fibrosis after 1.5 months of CCl4 induction, and liver fibrosis still existed after 9 months recovery periods, the fibrosis stages in most animals had no obvious regression without treatment. Biomathematical analysis of the liver fibrosis would aid to utilize the anti-fibrotic therapies and their derivatives for various biomedical applications.
Impoverished or rich consciousness outside attentional focus: Recent data tip the balance for Overflow

The question of whether conscious experience is restricted by cognitive access and exhausted by report, or whether it overflows it — comprising more information than can be reported — is hotly debated. Recently, we provided evidence in favor of Overflow, showing that observers dis-criminated the color-diversity (CD) of letters in an array, while their working-memory and attention were dedicated to encoding and reporting a set of cued letters. An alternative interpretation is that CD-discriminations do not entail conscious experience of the underlying colors. Here we argue, based on conceptual considerations and consistency with neuroscience and phenomenology, in favor of the Overflow interpretation.
Practical lessons learnt from the application of X-ray computed tomography to evaluate the internal structure of asphalt mixtures

X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) has allowed for the efficient non-destructive characterization of the internal structure of paving asphalt mixtures (AM), and has led to multiple practical lessons learnt based on the analysis of laboratory- and field-produced AM. This paper aims at summarizing these practical lessons, to facilitate their future application and further developments, in terms of: (i) fabrication of laboratory specimens, (ii) comparison of laboratory- and field-compacted mixtures, (iii) comparison of hot-mix asphalt and warm-mix asphalt mixtures, (iv) effects of additives, temperature, and compaction, (v) stone-on-stone contact, (vi) relationship between internal structure and performance, and (vii) modeling applications. These practical lessons are primarily gathered from the analysis of the air void distribution of laboratory-and field-produced AM, evaluated through X-ray CT, which has led to relevant inputs for the assessment of the response and performance of AM. X-ray CT enables computation of the AM internal structure with multiple practical applications and future opportunities to enhance the microstructure of AM and, consequently, optimize their performance.
Impact of competitor species composition on predicting diameter growth and survival rates of Douglas-fir trees in southwestern Oregon

Mixed conifer and hardwood stands in southwestern Oregon were studied to explore the hypothesis that competition effects on individual-tree growth and survival will differ according to the species comprising the competi - tion measure. Likewise, it was hypothesized that competition measures should extrapolate best if crown-based surro- gates are given preference over diameter-based (basal area based) surrogates. Diameter growth and probability of survival were modeled for individual Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees growing in pure stands. Alternative models expressing one-sided and two-sided competition as a function of either basal area or crown structure were then applied to other plots in which Douglas-fir was mixed with other conifers and (or) hardwood species. Crown-based variables outperformed basal area based variables as surrogates for one-sided competition in both diame- ter growth and survival probability, regardless of species composition. In contrast, two-sided competition was best rep - resented by total basal area of competing trees. Surrogates reflecting differences in crown morphology among species relate more closely to the mechanics of competition for light and, hence, facilitate extrapolation to species combina - tions for which no observations are available.
Influence of scattering and two-photon absorption on the optical loss in GaAs-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ nonlinear waveguides measured using femtosecond pulses

The influence of scattering and two-photon absorption on the optical loss in GaAs-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ semiconductor nonlinear waveguides has been studied using femtosecond pulses. By deploying a scattering technique, loss coefficients were evaluated over an extended wavelength range of 1.3-2.1 /spl mu/m in the near-infrared. A systematic study involving intensity and wavelength dependence of the loss revealed the presence of two-photon absorption for wavelengths below 1.6 /spl mu/m. A simple nonlinear transmission study enabled the separation of the two-photon absorption coefficient from scattering and linear absorption. The calculated two-photon absorption coefficients were /spl sim/9-20 cm/GW.