Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of a white noise at channel inlet on the parallel and wavy convective instabilities of Poiseuille-Rayleigh-Bénard flows

The present paper concerns Poiseuille-Rayleigh-Benard mixed convection flows in horizontal rectangular air-filled channels of large spanwise aspect ratio (W/H ≥ 10) and it focuses on the primary and secondary thermoconvective instabilities made of steady longitudinal and unsteady wavy rolls for 100 ≤ Re ≤ 200, 3000 < Ra < 15 000, Pr = 0.7, and W/H = 10. Time linear stability analysis of longitudinal rolls and 3D nonlinear numerical simulations using a specially tailored finite difference code is performed for this purpose. A bibliographical review, linear stability analysis and 3D numerical simulations allow establishing the full stability diagram for Re ≤ 300 and Ra ≤ 20 000. The linear stability analysis indicates that the critical Rayleigh number Ra≈*(Re) of the neutral curve between longitudinal and wavy rolls for W/H = 10 is increased at least by a factor of 1.5 in comparison with infinite W/H. The numerical study shows that the usual definitions of growth lengths for longitudinal rolls are inappropr.
Friends sharing opinions: Users become co-researchers to evaluate design concepts

The role of users in design is diversifying and increasing. Besides product evaluations and idea-generation sessions, users can collaborate in research that aims to find requirements for design by acting as researchers themselves. Earlier studies have addressed a variety of reasons why giving users the role of co-researcher makes sense: users have easier access to the target group (of which they are an active part), speak the same language or are a cost-efficient workforce. A previous study [2] explored the merits and constraints of using children as co-researchers in contextual user research, interviewing peers and family members. This current paper explores two follow-up questions: Can this method also be valuable for the evaluation of design concepts? What differs when other target groups than children become co-researchers? These questions are answered by describing a case in which children, elderly and students performed as co-researchers by interviewing their peers to evaluate design concepts. Comparing this case to the previous one reveals the differences in using co-researchers from different target groups and for different research purposes. We found out that the interfering factor of the co-researcher can have an enriching effect on the research findings.
Title In Vivo Characterization of a Wide area 802 . 11 b Wireless Seismic Array Permalink

Wireless sensor networks using 802.11b long-distance links enable domain scientists to measure physical phenomena in real time and at a scientifically meaningful scale. Although deployments in this setting are increasing, a characterization of the networkthroughput is lacking which makes it difficult to predict the performance of sensing applications on these types of networks. We present a study of the MASE seismic data collection network which includes 64 nodes spread across mountains, valleys, rural plains, and urban environments. The network spans 250km with links as long as 43km and has been operating continuously for more than 2 years. The contributions of this paper are three fold: (a) we present a throughput characterization of wireless links for a network in operational use, (b) we suggest settings for the wireless parameters to improve the performance of the network, and (c) we document the uptime of the nodes and the data yield of the network. Our findings are beneficial for the design of future wireless sensor network deployments using 802.11b. In our networks widely varied settings, we find that while signal-to-noise ratio is not correlated with throughput or distance, throughput is roughly correlated with distance and does not change significantly over time. At the link-layer, enabling the RTS-CTS handshake decreases the throughput while enabling retries improves the throughput. In addition, the default threshold-based rate adaptation algorithm for the transmission bit-rate is suboptimal. We find that the majority of fault cases are due to system issues and not network issues. The data yield over the course of an eight month period was 78%.
EXTENDED LYMPHADENECTOMY IN BLADDER CANCER DURING RADICAL CYSTECTOMY: BENEFIT AND MORBIDITY

Controversy still presents regarding the ideal proximal extension of lymphadenectomy at radical cystectomy. Objective: To provide an accurate map of lymph node metastasis in patients with bladder cancer and to evaluate benefit and morbidity of extended lymphadenectomy. Patient and method: A Prospective study of 65 patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma with stage T2-T4a-Nx-M0 undergoing radical cystectomy with mapping extended lymphadenectomy was completed between September 2011 and March 2015 at the Department of Urology, Zagazig University Hospitals. Intervention: Radical cystectomy with mapping extended lymphadenectomy. Results: The mean ± SD total of retrieved lymph node number in the study population was 28.7±9.8. Twenty of 65 patients (30.7%) had positive LN. LN metastases above bifurcation of common iliac artery are common (40 % of patients with positive lymph node had metastasis in common iliac lymph nodes and presacral lymph nodes). No skip metastasis to above common iliac bifurcation LN. Negative LN patients had better survival than positive LN patients and survival did not affected by location, number and density of positive LN. Conclusions: Extended lymphadenectomy till level of bifurcation of aorta provide better identification of positive lymph node correctly and good assign of pathological node metastasis stage in node positive cases without significant morbidity. Keywords: Extended lymphadenectomy, radical cystectomy, bladder cancer, lymph node, , lymph node density.
The Effect of Controllability Beliefs on Attitudes about Weight and Socioeconomic Status

Many studies have shown that weight and socioeconomic status are related, such that people of low socioeconomic status are much more likely to be obese than people of high socioeconomic status (Drewnowski, 2009; Ljungvall & Zimmerman, 2012; Pudrovska, Reither, Logan, & Sherman-Wilkins, 2014; J Sobal & Stunkard, 1989; Jeffery Sobal, 1991). Additionally, people are biased against both the poor (John-Henderson, Jacobs, Mendoza-Denton, & Francis, 2013; Williams, 2009) and the obese (Puhl, Andreyeva, & Brownell, 2008). Through two empirical studies, I investigated the relationship between people’s attitudes about weight and people’s attitudes about socioeconomic status. In study 1, which was conducted with an online sample, participants were asked to estimate the socioeconomic status of people of different weights, races, and genders. Results showed that participants rated fat targets as significantly less educated and significantly less wealthy than thin targets. Study 2, conducted with an undergraduate sample at Bard College, examined whether general beliefs about controllability affected attitudes about weight and socioeconomic status. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (controllable, uncontrollable, or neutral), in which they read a passage that primed them into thinking about controllability. Participants then completed a series of implicit and explicit measures about their attitudes and beliefs about weight and socioeconomic status. There was a nonsignificant trend that, in the controllable condition, implicit attitudes about weight and socioeconomic status were more highly correlated than in the uncontrollable and neutral conditions. WEIGHT, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, AND CONTROLLABILITY 2
Contrast in Inuit Consonant Inventories

A number of authors have examined consonant alternations in Inuit (e.g. Thalbitzer (1904), Ulving (1953), Kaplan (1982), (1985)) and the related phenomena of fortition and lenition in Yupik. Voiceless stops and voiced continuants regularly alternate in Inuit dialects. While most of these alternations, such as those between /p/ and /v/, could be explained as the spread or insertion of the features [VOICE] and [CONTINUANT], there exist some puzzling alternations, such as that between /t/ and /j/ in Eastern Inuit. This alternation appears to be more complicated than the mere addition of voicing and frication, which we would expect to yield [ð]. Why is there a change of place of articulation? It would be favourable if this /t/~/j/ alternation could be explained as part of the larger pattern of stop-fricative alternations. However, it is difficult to imagine a single phonological rule that would subsume the /t/~/j/ alternation. I propose that feature underspecification can be used to unify these alternations, both within individual dialects and across all dialects. In particular, I propose that Dresher (2002)’s Successive Division Algorithm can be used to create contrastive feature hierarchies to assign underspecified contrastive feature specifications to the phonemes in these dialects. Furthermore, I will argue that for all dialects these alternations center on the contrastive feature [CONTINUANT]; the feature [CONTINUANT] appears to be the underlying contrastive feature responsible for the (voiceless) stop – (voiced) continuant alternations across all dialects. While other (non-contrastive) approaches would need to specify different rules for the different alternations, particularly the /t/~/j/ alternation in Eastern dialects (and between /t/ and the other reflexes of Proto-Eskimo *ð in other dialects), my proposal can unify the alternations; stops alternate with their contrastively [+CONTINUANT] counterparts across all dialects. Conversely, I argue that in all dialects /t/ alternates with the least contrastively specified continuant (i.e. a continuant unmarked for place of articulation). Languages and dialects differ in terms of how they implement these underspecified representations.
Effects of Oil Returns and External Debt on the Government Expenditure: A Case Study of Syria

This study attempts to investigate the effect of oil returns and external debt on the government expenditure in Syria over the period 1970-2010. The Johansen cointegration test showed that oil returns and external debt have a positive and significant long run relationship with government expenditure. The Granger causality test indicates unidirectional short-run causality relationships running from oil returns and external debt to government expenditure. There are also unidirectional long-run causality relationship running from oil returns to government expenditure, and bidirectional long-run causality relationship between external debt and government expenditure. The IRFs indicate that when there is a shock to oil returns or external debt, the government expenditure will respond positively in the following years. The study result indicates that, oil returns have the biggest effect on the government expenditure, and both oil returns and external debt can play an important role in supporting the Syrian economy by financing the government expenditure.
Focusing Versus Diversifying Bank Mergers: Analysis of Market Reaction and Long-Term Performance

This paper explores the paradox of bank mergers: on average, bank mergers do not create value yet they continue to occur. Using cross-sectional analysis to examine 56 bank mergers between 1991 and 1995, I test several facets of focus and diversification. The study finds that upon announcement the market rewards the mergers of partners that focus their activities and geography. Long-term efficiency, however, is enhanced when the merger involves a relatively inefficient acquirer and payment is not made solely with cash. Long-term stock performance is further enhanced when the surviving firm does not engage in cross-subsidization. The study suggests market participants correctly realize that focusing mergers create value, but investors may need to rethink the facets of focus they value.
Existence and blowing up for a system of the drift-diffusion equation in $R^2$

ui(x, 0) = ui0(x), x ∈ R, where ui = ui(t, x) denote the densities of i-th component and ψ denotes the potential of the pariticle field. In [19], we have studied the system for 2 kinds of pariticle. Then it is developed by the first author that the multi-component system of drift-diffusion equation is considered in [17] and established the local well-posedenss result for the class Ls(R), where s > 1. We have shown the local and global well-posedness for the drift-diffusion equation in Lp with given initial data.
Effect of Smoking on Parameters of Polysomnography

Background and Objective : Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a kind of sleep-related disorder with complex features and may lead to daytime sleepiness. This study aimed to find the differences between smokers and non-smokers regarding the parameters of polysomnography. Materials and Methods : This was a cross-sectional study conducted on consecutive patients referred to a sleep lab to perform polysomnography for sleep-related breathing disorders in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2014. For all participants, overnight polysomnography study was performed for at least 6 hours. Then, parameters of polysomnography were compared between smokers and non-smokers. Data were analyzed by SPSS using chi-square test, Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and logistic regression analysis. Results : In total, 228 subjects were enrolled in the study (155 non-smokers). Obstructive apnea number and index,total apnea number, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), baseline and average saturation by pulse oximeter, snore, and snore arousal were significantly different between smokers and non-smokers (P < 0.050). Severe OSA was the most commonly observed among smokers, but AHI was not significantly correlated with pack-years of smoking. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that smokers suffer from severe OSA more frequent than nonsmokers; obstructive apnea is more common among smokers with higher AHI.
Towards a Transpersonal Psychology of Daoism: Definitions, Past Research, and Future Directions

This paper is aimed at facilitating the study of Daoism, a collection of Chinese philosophical beliefs and psychospiritual practices with a history of thousands of years and a living community that stretches throughout East Asia, from a transpersonal psychology perspective. Transpersonal psychologists who wish to embark upon a study of Daoist phenomena must first be cognizant of the often nebulous parameters of the Daoist field of inquiry. Therefore, an overview is offered of the two primary Daoist informational sources: the living Daoist tradition as represented predominantly by the Quanzhen and Tianshi traditions, and textual sources in collections such as the Daozang and the Zangwai Daoshu. Some critical issues are highlighted, such as the fact that transpersonal psychologists need to be mindful of various inherent difficulties associated with the study of Daoism (e.g., problems interpreting allegorical and even deliberately encoded texts in the absence of the necessary oral transmissions). Finally, a number of avenues for future research are put forward in the interest of facilitating the transpersonal study of Daoism.
How an idea germinates into a projext or the intransitive resultative construction with Entity-Specific change-of-state verbs

This study discusses how seven of Levin’s (1993) entity-specific change-of-state verbs (i.e. bloom, blossom, flower, germinate, sprout, swell, and blister) are subsumed into the intransitive resultative construction by highlighting and making use of the external and internal constraints proposed by the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM; Ruiz de Mendoza and Mairal 2007). External constraints refer to cognitive mechanisms such as high-level metaphor and/or metonymy whereas internal constraints are concerned with the encyclopedic and event structure makeup of verbs. The Internal Variable Conditioning constraint is at work when the information encapsulated by a predicate determines the choice of the Z element in an intransitive resultative construction. The semantic makeup of the verb swell and the entity undergoing swelling constrain the nature of the resultant entity Z which must be bigger in size or have a bigger value that the Y element (e.g. The work, which was originally meant to consist only of a few sheets, swelled into ten volumes).
Periphytic ciliate colonization of an artificial substrate in Korean coastal waters

In order to reveal the taxonomic composition and the species distribution of periphytic ciliates in Korean coastal waters, a three-month survey was carried out using glass slides as artificial substrates at two depths (1 and 2 m) in the coastal area of Incheon, Korea, from August to November 2007. A total of 40 ciliates with twelve dominant species, about half of which belonged to the orders Hypotrichida and Cyrtophorida, were identified by in vivo observation and silver impregnation method. The sessile ciliates were represented by the species of the orders Peritrichida and Suctorida, and the motile forms belonged primarily to the orders Hypotrichida, Cyrtophorida and Pleurostomatida. The peritrich Zoothamnium spp. and the heterotrich Folliculinopsis producta were the most dominant species in the samples from the both depths, but appeared more predominating at the lower depth. Multivariate analysis showed that the species distribution was considerably different between the two sampling depths mainly due to 12 dominant species, which had different abundance and occurrence. Our results suggest that for detecting the temporal and spatial dynamics of ciliate communities it is necessary to position the colonizing depths in marine ecosystems.
Effects of Being Spurned and Coping Style on Depersonalization in Beginning Kindergarten Teachers in Guangzhou, China

The primary objective of this study was to examine, based on a model on spurned helpers’ reactions (a) the degrees to which kindergarten teachers in Guangzhou, China, experience recurrent rejections of their offers of help (being spurned) by peer teachers; (b) whether being spurned by peers would induce depersonalization; (c) the way more efficacious and caring teachers cope with the rejection in comparison with their less efficacious and caring counterparts; and (d) effects of coping in reducing depersonalization. A sample of new kindergarten teachers in Guangzhou participated in the study. When the participants started their teaching work, their self-perceptions of being efficacious and caring were measured. Five months afterwards, they extents to which they were spurned by their peers and the way they coped with such rejection were assessed. Five months later, the degrees to which they experienced depersonalization were measured. The results showed (a) that the teachers were fairly moderately spurned; (b) that the more spurned the teachers were, the more depersonalized regarding their peers; (c) efficacious and caring teachers coped in ways different from teachers who were less efficacious and caring, and was relatively more effective in reducing depersonalization.
Comparison of histological changes in liver biopsy specimens in patients with biliary atresia of poor and good prognosis

In order to compare intrahepatic histological changes in patients with biliary atresia of poor and good prognosis, we have examined retrospectively 29 liver biopsy specimens taken during hepatoportoenterostomy modo Kasai. We divided the material into two groups: 12 biopsy specimens were qualified to the first – unfavorable group with poor prognosis, because patients died or needed liver transplantation within 2 years after Kasai procedure and 17 biopsy specimens were qualified to the second – favorable group with good prognosis, because children have survived over 5 years with native liver. Presence of prominent giant cell transformation, lobular inflammation and features of ductal plate malformation differed in these two groups. Lobular cholestasis in zone 2 and 3 was of statistical significance in patients with poor prognosis.
Electromyographic and Cardiorespiratory Responses of Load Carriage at Different High Altitudes with Varying Gradients

Manual load carriage is performed by Indian Army soldiers at different high altitudes (HA) in day to day operation. Such task puts extra stress on cardiorespiratory and skeletomuscular systems. A study was designed to find out the effect of electromyographic and cardiorespiratory responses of load carriage at different high altitudes with varying gradients. Eight healthy Indian infantrymen (mean (± SD) age of 27.2 (± 3.9) years, height of 171.1 (± 2.5) cm, and weight of 66.8 (± 6.7) kg) participated in the study. They were acclimatized at two heights (3550 and 4300 m). On completion of their acclimatization each participant was checked for healthy cardiorespiratory signs and subsequently they walked on a motorized treadmill at a speed of 3.5 km.hr-1 and 0% and 10% gradients under three different experimental load carrying conditions (0, 10.7 and 21.4 kg). Continuous electromyography of three pairs of leg muscles i.e. vastus medialis, gastrocnemius, and tebialis anterior and breath-by-breath recording of oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were recorded during the experiments. Relative work load (RWL) was calculated from maximum aerobic capacity at respective high altitudes. High altitude had significant effects on the responses of gastrocnemius and vastus medialis muscles as well as on VO2 and RWL. Increased responses of VO2 and leg muscle could be attributed to withstanding the stress of HA and strain of load carriage at steep slopes.
Overcoming Inaction through Collective Institutional Entrepreneurship: Insights from Regime Theory

Studies on institutional change generally pertain to the agency-structure paradox or the ability of institutional entrepreneurs to spearhead change despite constraints. In many complex fields, however, change also needs cooperation from numerous dispersed actors with divergent interests. This presents the additional paradox of ensuring that these actors engage in collective action when individual interests favor lack of cooperation. We draw on complementary insights from institutional and regime theories to identify drivers of collective institutional entrepreneurship and develop an analytical framework. This is applied to the field of global climate policy to illustrate how collective inaction was overcome to realize a global regulatory institution, the Kyoto Protocol.