Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Career Dynamics in the Baby Boom and Baby Bust Era

The expansion of the US economy during the 1950s and 1960s, combined with a relatively small baby boom, created unparalleled opportunities for upward movement in organisations. The 1990s, however, with a baby bust aftermath and adverse economic trends, are turning career opportunities upside down. Organisational growth has been slowed down, and many middle and upper management jobs have been eliminated. However the baby‐boomers are now looking for such positions, with meagre prospects, whilst the baby‐boomers of the 1960s and 1970s can scarcely match up to the demand for low‐level entrants to industry. To combat this uneven situation, the established concepts and cultures of careers must be totally revised. The alternative, linear, steady state, spiral and transitory career views are all examined and their interchangeability, where possible, is discussed. It is concluded that fundamental changes must be made in the ways in which careers are structured and managed in organisations, resulting in balancing p.
‘Scienciness’ and the allure of second-hand strategy in talent identification and development

In searching for the next edge or the magic ingredient, policymakers in sport are increasingly drawn to seemingly uncritical copying from other systems. Some of the constructs seem attractive, holding an apparent validity that promotes their adoption but, on closer scrutiny, can appear to be based more on rhetoric than evidence. In this article we propose the new term of ‘Scienciness’ to describe this apparent but erroneous validity, offering an exemplar of its harmful impact through the import into the United Kingdom of features from apparently successful systems in talent development, namely, the former Eastern Bloc and Australia. This article identifies some characteristics of Scienciness constructs, together with some procedural and systemic recommendations for the avoidance of its worse excesses.
AXL IsaLogicalMolecularTarget inHeadandNeck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents the eighth most common malignancy worldwide. Standard-of-care treatments for patients with HNSCC include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. In addition, the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab is often used in combination with these treatment modalities. Despite clinical success with these therapeutics, HNSCC remains a difficult malignancy to treat. Thus, identification of new molecular targets is critical. Experimental Design: In the current study, the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL was investigated as a molecular target in HNSCC using established cell lines, HNSCC patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and human tumors. HNSCC dependency on AXL was evaluatedwith both anti-AXL siRNAs and the small-molecule AXL inhibitor R428. Furthermore, AXL inhibition was evaluated with standard-of-care treatment regimens used in HNSCC. Results: AXL was found to be highly overexpressed in several models of HNSCC, where AXL was significantly associated with higher pathologic grade, presence of distant metastases, and shorter relapse-free survival in patients with HNSCC. Further investigations indicated that HNSCC cells were reliant on AXL for cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, targeting AXL increased HNSCC cell line sensitivity to chemotherapy, cetuximab, and radiation. Moreover, radiation-resistant HNSCC cell line xenografts and PDXs expressed elevated levels of both total and activated AXL, indicating a role for AXL in radiation resistance. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the role of AXL in HNSCCpathogenesis and supports further preclinical and clinical evaluation of anti-AXL therapeutics for the treatment of patients with HNSCC. Clin Cancer Res; 1–12. 2015 AACR.
Epidemiology of DSM‐III‐R major depression and minor depression among adolescents and young adults in the national comorbidity survey

Data on the prevalences, comorbidities, and cohort effects of DSM‐III‐R major depression (MD) and minor depression (mD) are reported for the nationally representative sample of n = 1,769 adolescents and young adults who participated in the National Comorbidity Survey. Lifetime prevalences are 15.3% (MD) and 9.9% (mD), while 30‐day prevalences are 5.8% (MD) and 2.1% (mD). Most cases reported recurrent episodes (73.9% of those with MD and 69.2% with mD) and significant role impairment, including attempted suicide among 21.9% of those with MD. The majority of lifetime cases (76.7% of those with MD and 69.3% with mD) reported other comorbid lifetime NCS/DSM‐III‐R disorders. Depression was temporally secondary in the majority of these cases. Number of prior disorders was more important than type of disorders in predicting subsequent depression, raising the possibility that secondary depression is a nonspecific severity marker for earlier disorders. A cohort effect for both MD and mD was documented that persisted even for episodes lasting a year or longer. Increasing prevalences of prior comorbid disorders were found to play an important part in explaining the cohort effect for depression. Depression and Anxiety 7:3–14, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reclassification of Financial Assets under IAS 39: Impact on European Banks' Financial Statements

In response to the financial crisis, the IASB issued on 13 October 2008 an amendment to IAS 39 which enables entities to reclassify non-derivative financial assets held for trading and financial assets available-for-sale. This paper examines the influence of this controversial amendment on the 2008 financial statements of 219 European banks which apply IFRS. I find that approximately one-third of the sample banks have taken extensive advantage of these reclassification opportunities. The mean reclassification amount is 3.9% of total assets and 131% of the book value of equity, respectively. I further document that reclassifying banks avoid substantial fair value losses, and hence, report significantly higher levels of return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), book value of equity and regulatory capital. In particular, the mean ROE switches sign from a negative ROE of −1.4% to a positive ROE of 1.3% due to gains from reclassifications. Overall, this paper documents a substantial impact of the amendments on banks' financial statements and suggests analysing these reclassifications with particular caution.
Caveolin-1 and caveolae in atherosclerosis: differential roles in fatty streak formation and neointimal hyperplasia

Purpose of review Caveolae are 50-100 nm cell surface plasma membrane invaginations observed in terminally differentiated cells. They are characterized by the presence of the protein marker caveolin-1. Caveolae and caveolin-1 are present in almost every cell type that has been implicated in the development of an atheroma. These include endothelial cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells. Caveolae and caveolin-1 are involved in regulating several signal transduction pathways and processes that play an important role in atherosclerosis. Recent findings Several recent studies using genetically engineered mice (Cav-1 (-/-) null animals) have now clearly demonstrated a role for caveolin-1 and caveolae in the development of atherosclerosis. In fact, they suggest a rather complex one, either proatherogenic or antiatherogenic, depending on the cell type examined. For example, in endothelial cells, caveolin-1 and caveolae may play a proatherogenic role by promoting the transcytosis of LDL-cholesterol particles from the blood to the sub-endothelial space. In contrast, in smooth muscle cells, the ability of caveolin-1 to negatively regulate cell proliferation (neointimal hyperplasia) may have an antiatherogenic effect. Summary Caveolin-1 and caveolae play an important role in several steps involved in the initiation of an atheroma. Development of new drugs that regulate caveolin-1 expression may be important in the prevention or treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Academic staff perceptions of the management ofdecision-making processes in the EducationFaculties of King Saud University and the Universityof Leeds: a comparative analysis

Decision-making in higher educational institutions is critical for achieving the universal goals of these institutions, particularly in terms of teaching and research related decisions. Decision-making affects the strategic plans and goals of universities in relation to designing modules, choosing teaching methods and participating in research grant applications, and more. Surveying literature indicates that few empirical studies have been conducted on the level of participation of academic staff in the various types of decision-making, which compares the participation of two universities from two different cultures. For this reason, this study aims at bridging the gap in knowledge in this area of research by studying the participation of academic staff in teaching, research, financial issues and administrative decision-making in the Faculty of Education at King Saud University and the School of Education at the University of Leeds. A triangulation approach is used which combines quantitative and qualitative research methods, documentary analysis and observations. 96 questionnaires were analysed from two universities and 18 in-depth interviews were conducted. The analysis focuses on similarities and differences between the actual and desired levels of participation in decision-making by the academic staff at both the aforementioned universities, with particular focus on cultural traces. This study finds that academic members of staff at the University of Leeds are more likely to actively participate in teaching, research, financial issues and administration related decisionmaking. Conversely, the academic staff of King Saud University desire to be more involved in all areas of decision-making.
Impact of team composition on student perceptions of interprofessional teamwork: A 6-year cohort study

ABSTRACT Interprofessional education (IPE) provides students with opportunities to learn about the roles and responsibilities of other professions and develop communication and teamwork skills. As different health professions have recognised the importance of IPE, the number of disciplines participating in IPE events is increasing. Consequently, it is important to examine the effect group structure has on the learning environment and student knowledge acquisition during IPE events. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of group composition on student perceptions of interprofessional teamwork and collaboration when participating in a case-based IPE forum. To examine this construct, six cohorts of students were divided into two groups: Group-one (2010–2012) included students from five professions. Group-two (2013–2015) included students from 10 professions. The only other change for group-two was broadening the case scenarios to ensure a role for each profession. At the conclusion of the case-based IPE forums, both groups demonstrated a statistically significant increase in ‘readiness for interprofessional learning’ and ‘interdisciplinary education perceptions’. However, participants in group-one (2010–2012) demonstrated a greater change in scores when compared to group-two (2013–2015). It was concluded a case-based IPE forum with students from numerous health professions participating in a discussion about broad case scenarios was moderately effective at introducing students to other health professions and increasing their knowledge of others’ identities. However, a smaller grouping of professions with targeted cases was more effective at influencing student perceptions of the need for teamwork. When planning an IPE event, faculty should focus on intentional groupings of professions to reflect the social context of healthcare teams so all students can fully participate and experience shared learning.
Maximizing Seigniorage and Inflation Tax: The Case of Belarus

Realizing the inflationary potential of money creation, by the mid-1990s, most Central European countries had switched to market instrument-based monetary policy. Belarus continued to use money emission, gaining seigniorage and inflation tax. The productivity of the inflation tax can be analyzed by comparing the revenue actually raised from inflation tax with the revenue that could be raised if the quantity of money had risen at a constant rate. The present paper, based on Cagan's (1956) seminal work, analyzes the effect of inflation on seigniorage revenue in Belarus, drawing conclusions about the effectiveness of monetary policy in 1995-2002, and about the consequences of inflationary financing.
Stock and Currency Market Linkages: New Evidence from Realized Spillovers in Higher Moments

We examine the linkages both within and between stock and foreign exchange (FX) markets via three higher moments of return distributions (volatility, skewness and kurtosis). We find that FX market linkages (in the 2nd and 4th moments) are relatively more prominent in developed markets. Cross-asset markets in emerging countries are more likely to be negatively linked through the 3rd moment but they are positively associated via the 2nd and 4th moments in developed markets indicating common concerns regarding tail risks in the former. Finally, cross-asset market linkages are of a similar magnitude to intra-asset-market linkages within emerging markets but the latter are stronger in developed markets.
Challenges in Teaching and Learning of English at Secondary Level Class X

This paper describes the challenges faced by teachers and students in teaching and learning of English at secondary level. The study was limited to class x. It has been observed that in recent times the governments of Sindh and Pakistan have been providing a lot of facilities including free books and training programs for the teachers at secondary level but the teaching and learning of English is not up to mark. The participants of the study were 11 English teachers including 7 male and 4 female, 70 students including 40 male and 30 female and also; 6 English experts which include 4 male and 2 female. Teachers and students were administered questionnaires and involved in focus group discussion and experts were interviewed. It was found that teachers had no proper training of teaching English, proper facilities were not provided and curriculum was not according to the needs of students. These reasons hindered the teaching and learning process of English. This study was carried out at one of the taluka of district Naushahro Feroze Sindh Pakistan.
Influential ownership and capital structure

This paper explores the relation between ownership structures and capital structures in Russia-an economy with a state-run banking sector, weak corporate governance, and highly concentrated ownership. We find that firms with the state as controlling shareholder have significantly higher leverage than firms controlled by domestic private controlling shareholders other than oligarchs. Both firms controlled by the state or oligarchs finance their growth with more debt than other firms. Profitability is negatively related to leverage across all types of controlling owners, indicating a preference for internal funding over debt. The results indicate that firms with owners that have political influence or ties to large financial groups enjoy better access to debt. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pluralization and the Politics of Media Change in Hungary

In Hungary, under the relatively benign rule of Janos Kadar's ‘goulash communism’, the media were less rigidly controlled than elsewhere in Eastern and Central Europe, permitting broader scope for debate. This affected the transition, in which some media spontaneously privatized themselves, with the involvement of foreign media conglomerates. By 1994, however, the government regained control over several important publications and otherwise fostered a more conservative press. The electronic media meanwhile remained overwhelmingly in state hands, and open conflict flared in 1992. The media became the focus of political battles, involving parliament, government, the constitutional court and the president, and purges of journalists and officials in the media led to assertions that little had changed since the communist regime. The question is whether control of the media will remain a spoil of election victory, or new legislation will establish a non‐partisan framework for the future.
Agenda setting, Framing and government's Influence on Tobacco-related News Coverage in China's People's Daily

Tobacco poses one of the most dire public health threats globally. Whereas tobacco control policies and public education in developed countries reduced tobacco consumption in the West, China, as other developing countries, is targeted by the tobacco companies’ marketing efforts and is facing increasing rates of tobacco consumption. Previous studies in the western countries pointed at the importance of news coverage of tobacco-related issues on public opinion and agenda setting, but the role of governmentcontrolled newspapers in China was not previously examined. In view of the potential conflict between public health and the importance of local tobacco production to the Chinese economy, its government might have conflicting interests in coverage of the topic. However, previous research did not examine coverage of tobacco-related issues in government-controlled media. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent and nature of tobacco-related coverage in the People’s Daily, a government-controlled newspaper. The need for this study is grounded in the importance of understanding to what degree this government-controlled newspaper advance the government’s tobaccorelated policies. Methods include quantitative content analysis of news published online.
Corruption as a moral issue

Purpose – Corruptive behaviour penetrates the business process itself and permeates the mental attitude of decision makers on all hierarchy levels. This paper seeks to present the special legal situation in Germany as the regulatory environment for business transactions and to discuss the moral consequences of an “economy of greed”. Design/methodology/approach – The moral aspects of corruption are treated from an institutional ethics viewpoint as well as an individual ethics perspective. Regarding the institutional aspects (compliance approach) reliance is placed on the empirical study of ethical conflicts of companies in Germany and the USA. The individual ethics perspective is derived from a Christian understanding of man's personal responsibility in society.Findings – A compliance approach can only serve as a necessary first step to counteract fraud and corruption. To obtain a good corporate citizen status, a company should also develop an open dialogue with all stakeholders (integrity management approa.
Bail Out or Work Out? Theoretical Considerations

This paper assesses various crisis resolution proposals using a theoretical model of (liquidity and solvency) crisis. The model suggests that payments standstills and last-resort lending are equally efficient means of dealing with liquidity crises, while coordinated lending through creditor committees is second best. Debt write-downs are preferred to subsidised IMF financing when dealing with solvency crises, because of the negative moral hazard implications of the latter tool. Finally, the model suggests that international bankruptcy court proposals may be superior to existing contractual approaches in securing such write-downs.
The Influence of Physiological Noise Correction on Test-Retest Reliability of Resting-State Functional Connectivity

The utility and success of resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) depend critically on the reliability of this technique and the extent to which it accurately reflects neuronal function. One challenge is that rs-fcMRI is influenced by various sources of noise, particularly cardiac- and respiratory-related signal variations. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the impact of various physiological noise correction techniques, specifically those that use independent cardiac and respiration measures, on the test-retest reliability of rs-fcMRI. A group of 25 subjects were each scanned at three time points--two within the same imaging session and another 2-3 months later. Physiological noise corrections accounted for significant variance, particularly in blood vessels, sagittal sinus, cerebrospinal fluid, and gray matter. The fraction of variance explained by each of these corrections was highly similar within subjects between sessions, but variable between subjects. Physiological corrections generally reduced intrasubject (between-session) variability, but also significantly reduced intersubject variability, and thus reduced the test-retest reliability of estimating individual differences in functional connectivity. However, based on known nonneuronal mechanisms by which cardiac pulsation and respiration can lead to MRI signal changes, and the observation that the physiological noise itself is highly stable within individuals, removal of this noise will likely increase the validity of measured connectivity differences. Furthermore, removal of these fluctuations will lead to better estimates of average or group maps of connectivity. It is therefore recommended that studies apply physiological noise corrections but also be mindful of potential correlations with measures of interest.
Identification of Dynamic Discrete Choice Models

Econometric models of dynamic discrete choice processes are applied to a wide variety of economic problems. Recent research on their empirical content has brought important new insights. It has clarified the conditions for their identification from choice and covariate panel data in the absence of dynamic selection on unobservables. It has provided important new identification results for discrete-time models with unobserved heterogeneity and unobserved states. Finally, it has enhanced the attractiveness of continuous-time models, by developing new insights on the identification of continuous-time optimal stopping models. Current developments in the literature promise to shed further light on the specification and identification of models with unobserved state variables, theory-based nonproportional hazard models, continuous-time optimal stopping models with time-varying covariates, and dynamic games in discrete and continuous time.
Inflation, Financial Development and Human Capital-Based Endogenous Growth: an Explanation of Ten Empirical Findings

The paper presents a general equilibrium that can explain ten related sets of empirical results, providing a unified approach to understand usually disparate effects typically treated separately. These are grouped into two sets, one on financial development, investment and inflation, and one on inflations effect on other economy-wide variables such as growth, real interest rates, employment, and money demand. The unified approach also contributes a systematic explanation of certain nonlinearities that are found across these results, as based on the production function for financial intermediary services and the resultant money demand function.