Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CALL FOR PAPERS Physiology and Pharmacology of Temperature Regulation Putative antihyperpyretic factor induced by LPS in spleen of guinea pigs factor in of

Putative antihyperpyretic induced by LPS spleen guinea pigs. reported previously that the onset of LPS-induced fever, irrespective of its route of administration, is temporally correlated with the appearance of LPS in the liver and that splenectomy signiﬁcantly increases both the febrile response to LPS and the uptake of LPS by Kupffer cells (KC). To further evaluate the role of the spleen in LPS fever production, we ligated the splenic vein and, 7 and 30 days later, monitored the core temperature changes over 6 h after intraperitoneal (ip) injection of LPS (2 (cid:1) g/kg). Both the febrile response and the uptake of LPS by KC were signiﬁcantly augmented. Like splenectomy, splenic vein ligation (SVL) increased the febrile response and LPS uptake by KC until the collateral circulation developed, suggesting that the spleen may normally contribute an inhibitory factor that limits KC uptake of LPS and thus affects the febrile response. Subsequently, to verify the presence of this factor, we prepared splenic extracts from guinea pigs pretreated with LPS (8 (cid:1) g/kg ip) or pyrogen-free saline, homogenized and ultraﬁltered them, and injected them intravenously into splenectomized (Splex) guinea pigs pretreated with LPS (8 (cid:1) g/kg ip). The results conﬁrmed our presumption that the splenic extract from LPS-treated guinea pigs inhibits the exaggerated febrile response and the LPS uptake by the liver of Splex guinea pigs, indicating the presence of a putative splenic inhibitory factor, conﬁrming the participation of the spleen in LPS-induced fever, and suggesting the existence of a novel antihyperpyretic mechanism. Preliminary data indicate that this factor is a lipid.
The lipocalin α1-microglobulin protects erythroid K562 cells against oxidative damage induced by heme and reactive oxygen species

α1-Microglobulin is a 26 kDa plasma and tissue glycoprotein that belongs to the lipocalin protein superfamily. Recent reports show that it is a reductase and radical scavenger and that it binds heme and has heme-degrading properties. This study has investigated the protective effects of α1-microglobulin against oxidation by heme and reactive oxygen species in the human erythroid cell line, K562. The results show that α1-microglobulin prevents intracellular oxidation and up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 induced by heme, hydrogen peroxide and Fenton reaction-generated hydroxyl radicals in the culture medium. It also reduces the cytosol of non-oxidized cells. Endogeneous expression of α1-microglobulin was up-regulated by these oxidants and silencing of the α1-microglobulin expression increased the cytosol oxidation. α1-microglobulin also inhibited cell death caused by heme and cleared cells from bound heme. Binding of heme to α1-microglobulin increased the radical reductase activity of the protein as compared to the apo-protein. Finally, α1-microglobulin was localized mainly at the cell surface both when administered exogeneously and in non-treated cells. The results suggest that α1-microglobulin is involved in the defence against oxidative cellular injury caused by haemoglobin and heme and that the protein may employ both heme-scavenging and one-electron reduction of radicals to achieve this.
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Head and Neck Region

Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a soft tissue malignancy most often found in the extremities of young adults; when these tumors arise in the head and neck area, they usually appear in the orbit or the tongue. Their initial behavior is relatively indolent, but over time a sizable number of these tumors recur locally and metastasize; as such, they are best regarded as fully malignant neoplasms. The derivation of these tumors remains uncertain: while some have suggested that these are tumors of muscle origin and others have postulated a neuroendocrine origin, the evidence accumulated to date is conflicting, and so these neoplasms continue to be regarded as tumors of uncertain origin. Surgical excision is the mainstay of therapy.
Release of nitric oxide in response to acetylcholine is unaltered in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Objective Although a decreased responsiveness to acetylcholine, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, has been reported in arteries isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the precise role of nitric oxide (NO) in the in vivo regulation of blood pressure is not clear. We investigated the effects of acetylcholine and of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an NO synthase inhibitor, on mean arterial pressure and the production of NO metabolites (nitrate and nitrite) in SHR and in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, their normotensive control strain. Design We determined serum levels of nitrate and nitrite before and after the intravenous injection of 40 μg/kg acetylcholine following the administration of L-NAME (30mg/kg) or its vehicle in adult SHR and WKY rats. Results Acetylcholine administration significantly reduced mean arterial pressure in both SHR and WKY rats, accompanied by a significant rise in serum nitrate and nitrite. Administration of L-NAME significantly increased the mean arterial pressure in SHR and in WKY rats. L-NAME inhibited the hypotension induced by acetylcholine and the rise in serum nitrate and nitrite both in SHR and in WKY rats. Conclusion The release of NO stimulated by acetylcholine was unaltered in SHR, supporting previous in vitro results.
Drivers' Judgments of Safe Distances in Vehicle Following

Driver behavior in the vehicle-following situation, a major source of road accidents, was investigated using a controlled-track experiment. Drivers were found to adopt headways of approximately 2 s irrespective of speed of travel, driving experience, or instructed probability of the leading vehicle's stopping. Under the optimal conditions used, drivers demonstrated that such headways were more than adequate to avoid tail-end collisions in an emergency situation. The implications of these results for the development of perceptual-motor support devices and the attribution of causes in road accidents are discussed.
The Fetal Erythroblast Is Not the Optimal Target for Non-invasive Prenatal Diagnosis: Preliminary Results

Fetal cells, present in the blood of pregnant women, are potential targets for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. The fetal erythroblast has been the favorite target cell type. We investigated four methods of enrichment for fetal erythroblasts, identifying only three fetal erythroblasts in 573 ml of maternal blood. This is much less than the expected two to six fetal cells per ml of maternal blood. Hamada and Krabchi used a cell type-independent marker, i.e., the Y chromosome in maternal blood from male pregnancies after Carnoy fixation, leaving the nuclei for hybridization with X-and Y-chromosome-specific probes. We found with a similar technique 28 fetal cells in 15 ml of maternal blood. The fetal origin of cells was confirmed by hybridizing the nuclei with X- and Y-chromosome-specific probes, using two consecutive hybridizations with the two probes in opposite colors (reverse FISH). Candidate fetal cells were inspected after each hybridization. Only cells that were found to change the color of both probe signals from first to second hybridization were diagnosed as fetal. To reduce the labor-intensive slide screening load, we used semi-automated scanning microscopy to search for candidate cells. We conclude that erythroblasts form only a small fraction of fetal cells present in maternal blood.
Detailed analysis of the expression of an alpha-gliadin promoter and the deposition of alpha-gliadin protein during wheat grain development.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alpha-gliadin proteins are important for the industrial quality of bread wheat flour, but they also contain many epitopes that can trigger celiac (coeliac) disease (CD). The B-genome-encoded alpha-gliadin genes, however, contain very few epitopes. Controlling alpha-gliadin gene expression in wheat requires knowledge on the processes of expression and deposition of alpha-gliadin protein during wheat grain development. METHODS A 592-bp fragment of the promotor of a B-genome-encoded alpha-gliadin gene driving the expression of a GUS reporter gene was transformed into wheat. A large number of transgenic lines were used for data collection. GUS staining was used to determine GUS expression during wheat kernel development, and immunogold labelling and tissue printing followed by staining with an alpha-gliadin-specific antibody was used to detect alpha-gliadin protein deposited in developing wheat kernels. The promoter sequence was screened for regulatory motifs and compared to other available alpha-gliadin promoter sequences. KEY RESULTS GUS expression was detected primarily in the cells of the starchy endosperm, notably in the subaleurone layer but also in the aleurone layer. The alpha-gliadin promoter was active from 11 days after anthesis (DAA) until maturity, with an expression similar to that of a 326-bp low molecular weight (LMW) subunit gene promoter reported previously. An alpha-gliadin-specific antibody detected alpha-gliadin protein in protein bodies in the starchy endosperm and in the subaleurone layer but, in contrast to the promoter activity, no alpha-gliadin was detected in the aleurone cell layer. Sequence comparison showed differences in regulatory elements between the promoters of alpha-gliadin genes originating from different genomes (A and B) of bread wheat both in the region used here and upstream. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that additional regulator elements upstream of the promoter region used may specifically repress expression in the aleurone cell layer. Observed differences in expression regulator motifs between the alpha-gliadin genes on the different genomes (A and B) of bread wheat leads to a better understanding how alpha-gliadin expression can be controlled.
Outcomes following Kidney transplantation in IgA nephropathy: a UNOS/OPTN analysis

This study updates assessment of post‐transplant outcomes in IgAN patients in the modern era of immunosuppression. Using UNOS/OPTN data, patients ≥18 yr of age with first kidney transplant (1/1/1999 to 12/31/2008) were analyzed. Multivariable Cox regression models and propensity score‐based matching techniques were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for death‐censored allograft survival (DCGS) and patient survival in IgAN compared to non‐IgAN. Results of multivariable regression were stratified by donor type (living vs. deceased). A total of 107, 747 recipients were included (4589 with IgAN and 103 158 with non‐IgAN). Adjusted HR for DCGS showed no significant difference between IgAN and non‐IgAN. IgAN had higher patient survival compared to non‐IgAN (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.47–0.62, p < 0.0001 for deceased donors; HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.33–0.54, p < 0.0001 for living donors). Propensity score‐matched analysis was similar, with no significant difference in DCGS between matched groups and higher patient survival in IgAN patients compared to non‐IgAN group (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.47, 0.63; p‐value <0.0001). IgAN patients with first kidney transplant have superior patient survival and similar graft survival compared to non‐IgAN recipients. Results can be used in prognostication and informed decision‐making about kidney transplantation in patients with IgAN.
Serum IgG and IgG4 Antibodies to Fel d 1 among Children Exposed to 20 μg Fel d 1 at Home: Relevance of a Nonallergic Modified Th2 Response

Exposure to foreign antigens is an essential element of all immune responses, including allergic sensitization. For some allergens (e.g. mite and cockroach), the prevalence of sensitization is directly correlated with exposure. However, for allergens derived from domestic animals, several studies have suggested that children with a cat in the home have a decreased risk of sensitization and asthma. We have now shown that many children exposed to greater than 20 µg of Fel d 1/g of dust at home made an IgG and IgG4 antibody response to Fel d 1 without IgE antibody. This modified Th2 response is not associated with symptoms and should be regarded as a form of immunological tolerance. The fact that the dose-response relationship between cat exposure and sensitization is bell shaped, while that for mite exposure and sensitization is linear, is highly relevant to understanding the role of allergens in the increase in allergic disease.
Accounting Students’ Awareness TowardsFraud Prevention: A Case Of Government-Linked University

This study is aim to evaluate the awareness of accounting students towards fraud prevention. This research examines the relationship between i) the student’s ethical perceptions, ii) internalization of objectivity and iii) internalization of professional responsibility with accounting students awareness towards fraud prevention. This study was conducted in one of Government-Linked University, University Tenaga Nasional, Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Campus (UNITEN KSHAS). The total number of population is 944 students, hence the sample of 285 accounting students are selected to test the objective of the study. Accounting students were selected as the sample because of they are more likely to work in accounting profession which requires them to be aware of this fraud issue. This study was conducted by using primary data by using questionnaires that adopted from Istiningrum (2014). The research employed descriptive analysis, normality test, reliability test and correlation analysis. Based on the findings, it is show that students’ ethical perception, internalization of objectivity, and internalization of professional responsibility have positive significant influence towards the awareness of fraud prevention among accounting students. For the future research, it is highly recommended to be conducted in various types of universities as the result might be more appropriate to make the conclusion. It is also recommended to do research by using interview as it might be offer completely beneficial information from the respondents.
Telomerase is a highly sensitive and specific molecular marker in fine-needle aspirates of breast lesions.

PURPOSE Telomerase has been detected in a majority of human malignant tumors, making telomerase activity (TA) one key difference between mortal and immortal cells. In this study, we evaluated in blind-trial fashion the association of TA with cytologic and final clinical/pathologic diagnosis in fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) of breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 172 FNAs, including 80 samples that were cytologically malignant, 18 that were atypical but not diagnostic for malignancy, and 74 that were cytologically benign, TA was determined by a modified nonradioactive telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Final diagnosis was made by pathologic examination of follow-up surgical material available for all the cytologically malignant samples, a majority of the cytologically atypical samples, and a portion of the cytologically benign samples. RESULTS TA was detected in 85 of 172 samples. Comparison of the cytologic and histologic diagnoses with TA showed that 80 of 87 samples from patients with breast cancer were telomerase-positive, resulting in a sensitivity of 92%. TA was found in four of five FNAs from carcinomas that were considered cytologically atypical but not diagnostic for malignancy. Eighty of 85 samples from patients with benign breast lesions were telomerase-negative, revealing a specificity of 94%. The five positive cases in this group were all fibroadenomas with low TA. Among the 18 cases with a cytologic diagnosis of atypia, there was a strong positive relationship between TRAP findings and histologic diagnosis. CONCLUSION The detection of TA in FNAs of breast lesions is a highly sensitive and specific marker of malignancy and may be used as an adjunct in cases with an equivocal cytologic diagnosis.
From cradle to chain? Gendered struggles for cassava commercialisation in Mozambique

ABSTRACT This article draws on survey data, interviews and archival research to analyse women's mixed responses to a cassava commercialisation scheme in Zavala district, Mozambique. As an example of the “Green Revolution for Africa” (GR4A) approach to development, which holds that women farmers’ participation in “value chains” will reduce rural poverty and hunger, this initiative seeks to transform cassava from a food staple into raw material for cassava-based commercial beer. The study evaluates the contradictory claims and outcomes of the GR4A model, as the bumpy roll-out of the value chain in Zavala reveals the risks of overlooking the historical context and gendered knowledge in neoliberal development interventions.
ACCEPTANCE OF MOBILE PHONE PAYMENTS SYSTEMS IN TANZANIA: TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL APPROACH

This paper presents a quantitative study on the users’ acceptance of mobile phone payment systems (MPPS). Basing on the technology acceptance model (TAM), the study specifically evaluated the influence of ease of use; perceived usefulness; service quality; and information systems qualities of payment systems in the adoption and use of MPPS. A questionnaire survey was carried with 300 users out of which 260 were clean for data analysis using SPSS version 21. To supplement the survey, the study deployed interviews. The regression results indicate significant influence of the regressed variables with slightly low values of the adjusted R-square. The findings on information quality and perceived usefulness had lesser influence (beta values below average) whereas ease of use, and services quality were positively rated factors to accepting the systems. Several other factors behind acceptance were also identified in the interview, including premium pricing, level of understanding, and perceived risks. The findings extend knowledge on the application of TAM to mobile payments in a developing country such as Tanzania. They provide awareness on contributory factors to accepting the technology to Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority (TCRA) and country’s central bank, Bank of Tanzania (BoT) in their managing and controlling processes. They also provided practitioners with knowledge on the challenges and ways of tapping into the advantages of ICT. The findings were limited to four regions in Tanzania.
Comparison of Virulence Gene Profiles of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Chicken Neck Skin and Faeces Isolates

Summary The objective of this study was to find out the distribution of major virulence determinants asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl by multiplex PCR in 132 Enterococcus faecium and 67 Enterococcus faecalis isolates originated from chicken neck skin samples at slaughterhouse and faeces samples from intensive broiler enterprises and rural poultry establishments. In the study, 31.2% (62/199) of the enterococcal strains harbored at least one virulence determinant. The gelE gene was the predominant (30.2%) virulence trait among the enterococci investigated followed by asa1 (15.6%). Both gelE and asa1 genes were significantly higher in E. faecalis than E. faecium. The hyl, esp and cylA genes were detected with percentages of 1.5%, 1.5% and 0.8% in E. faecium isolates. None of the E. faecalis strains harbored cylA, esp and hyl genes. The results indicate that a clear difference was observed in the kind of virulence factor present in strains between faecal samples and skin samples. Also, E. faecium strains isolated from both chicken skin samples and faeces presented lower pathogenicity potential than did E. faecalis.
Building Bridges Between Organizations & Society; -A qualitative study about organizations’ engagements in social activities diversified areas in

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be described as the relationship organizations and society have among one another. Most CSR literature has focused on a firm's financial performance when working with CSR. How an organization work with CSR is decided by the firm’s mission, vision and stakeholders. In Gothenburg, Sweden, organizations have started to expand their CSR commitment towards including more philanthropic actions in their CSR work to strengthen the community. This qualitative study’s purpose is therefore to investigate what motivates companies to engage in social actives in diversified areas, such as Angered in the region of Gothenburg. The empirical findings have showed that organization’s main motivation for engaging in social activities is to contribute to a better society, while at the same time gaining benefits such as; a more diversified workforce, strengthen organizational culture and a better organizational reputation. The findings further present a sixth step framework on how to work with social activities. This research has been investigated from a company perspective on social activities and therefore one recommendation for future research is taking the viewpoint of the students participating in these activities.
Conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipose cells: triggering of differentiation by prostaglandin F2alpha and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine.

Green and Kehinde [(1974) cell 1, 113-116] have isolated clones of Swiss 3T3 fibriblasts that are able to convert to adipose cells. In this paper we report on two chemicals (prostaglandin F2alpha, 0.1 mug ml, and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine, 0.5 mM) that are able to rapidly and irreversibly program the fibroblasts to differentiate into adipose cells. Confluent cultures treated with prostaglandin F2alpha and insulin for 3-5 days, followed by insulin alone for 7-48 hr, yield numerous adipocyte colonies compared to control dishes and dishes treated with insulin alone. Cells treated with prostaglandin F2alpha or 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine alone, rinsed, and then exposed to insulin gave similar results, indicating that the continuous presence of the triggering agent is not required to elicit the conversion of the fibroblasts to adipocytes. Agents that raise intracellular levels of 3':5'-cyclic AMP. 1.0 mM; 8-bromo-cyclic AMP,0.5 mM; and prostaglandin E1, 0.1 mug/ml) do not trigger the conversion process, suggesting that cyclic AMP may not be the mediator of differentiation in these cells. 8-Bromo-cyclic AMP, however, does induce thase; 3':5'-nucleotidohydrolase; EC 3.1. 4.17) in these cells; the induction appears to be mediated by increases in intracellular cyclic AMP levels. These results indicate that this cell line might offer a system for studying the regulation of a type of cellular differentiation.