Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VLBA SiO maser observations of the OH/IR star OH 44.8-2.3: magnetic field and morphology

Abstract We report on Very Long Baseline Array SiO maser observations of the OH/IR star OH 44.8 - 2.3. The observations show that the maser features form a ring located at a distance of 5.4 AU around the central star. The masers show high fractional linear polarization up to 100%. The polarization vectors are consistent with a dipole field morphology. Additionally, we report a tentative detection of circular polarization of 7% for the brightest maser feature. This indicates a magnetic field of 1.5 ± 0.3 G. The SiO masers and the 1612 MHz OH masers suggest a mildly preferred outflow direction in the circumstellar environment of this star. The observed polarization is consistent with magnetic field structures along the preferred outflow direction. This could indicate the possible role of the magnetic fields in shaping the circumstellar environment of this object.
Statistical analysis of error propagation from radar rainfall to hydrological models

This study attempts to characterise the manner with which inherent error in radar rainfall estimates input influence the character of the stream flow simulation un- certainty in validated hydrological modelling. An artificial statistical error model described by Gaussian distribution was developed to generate realisations of possible combi- nations of normalised errors and normalised bias to reflect the identified radar error and temporal dependence. These realisations were embedded in the 5 km/15 min UK Nimrod radar rainfall data and used to generate ensembles of stream flow simulations using three different hydrological models with varying degrees of complexity, which consists of a fully distributed physically-based model MIKE SHE, a semi- distributed, lumped model TOPMODEL and the unit hydro- graph model PRTF. These models were built for this purpose and applied to the Upper Medway Catchment (220 km 2 ) in South-East England. The results show that the normalised bias of the radar rainfall estimates was enhanced in the sim- ulated stream flow and also the dominate factor that had a significant impact on stream flow simulations. This prelimi- nary radar-error-generation model could be developed more rigorously and comprehensively for the error characteristics of weather radars for quantitative measurement of rainfall.
Factors Associated with Macrosomia among Neonates Delivered at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2014: A Case Control Study

Introduction: Macrosomia is defined as birth weight of 4,000 gm and above irrespective of gestational age and affects 3-15% of all pregnancies. Multiple factors are related with fetal macrosomia. The factors associated with macrosomia in Debre Markos Referral Hospital were not well known. Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess factors associated with macrosomia in Debre Markos Referral Hospital Northwest Ethiopia, 2014. Methods: An institutional based unmatched case control study design was conducted. A total of 338 macrosomic neonates whose weight is >=4000 gm were selected for Cases and 676 normal birth weight neonates whose weight is between 2,500–3,999 gm were selected for the controls using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected from the medical records using data collection checklist. The collected data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 computer programs and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Prior to the analysis, the whole data were cleaned; compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with macrosomia. The results of the study were presented by text and tables based on the types of data. Results: Neonates born from multiparus women were 1.44 times more likely to have macrosomia as compared to neonates born from primiparus women with 95%CI of AOR (1.05, 1.98). Neonates born post term were 3.67 time more likely to have macrosomia as compared to preterm deliveries with 95% CI of AOR (1.01, 13.32). Maternal complications were significantly associated with neonatal birth weight with (Linear by linear X2 value = 35.9, p- value 0.000). Conclusion: Multiparty and post maturity were predictors of macrosomia. Maternal complication were common in macrosomic groups and hence preventing multi parity and post maturity decrease the incidence of macrosomia and its maternal complication.
Physical limitations on D/Q for antennas

In this paper, physical limitations on the directivity D and Q-factor Q are derived for antennas of arbitrary shape. The quotient D/Q is shown to be bounded from above by the antenna volume and certain shape coefficients in terms of the eigenvalues of the high-contrast polarizability dyadic. The theory is exemplified by numerical results for the half-wave antenna with astonishing agreement.
Motives of Problematic and Nonproblematic Online Gaming among Adolescents and Young Adults

The aim of the present research was to explore the motives of playing online multiplayer games that leads toward either problematic online gaming or nonproblematic online gaming behavior. A sample of 357 online gamers (298 boys and 59 girls with mean age = 16.8 years) was selected from schools, colleges, and universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire-Short Form (Papay et al., 2013) and Online Gaming Motivation Scale (Yee, Ducheneaut, & Nelson, 2012) were used to measure problematic online gaming and motives to play online games, respectively. One hundred and ninety participants were identified as problematic gamers, while one hundred and sixty five participants were identified as nonproblematic gamers. Results indicated that all motives (achievement, socialization, and immersion) had significant positive relationship with online gaming behavior. Results indicated that problematic gamers had higher motivation for socialization, achievement, and immersion than nonproblematic gamers. Regression analysis indicated that time of playing online games, socialization and immersion motives act as significant positive predictors of online gaming.
Generalized Conditions for Hydraulic Criticality of Oceanic Overflows

Two methods for assessing the hydraulic criticality of an observed or modeled overflow are discussed. The methods are valid for single-layer deep flows with arbitrary potential vorticity and cross section. The first method is based on a purely steady view in which the flow at a given section is divided up into a group of “streamtubes. ” A hydraulic analysis requires an extension of Gill’s functional formulation to systems with many degrees of freedom. The general form of the critical condition and associated compatibility condition for such a system are derived and applied to the streamtube model. As an aside, it is shown by example that Gill’s original critical condition can fail to capture all possible critical states, but that this problem is fixed when the multivariable approach is used. It is also shown how Gill’s method can be applied to certain dispersive or dissipative systems. The second method of assessing criticality involves direct calculation of linear, long-wave speeds using a time-dependent version of the streamtube model. This approach turns out to be better suited to the analysis of geophysical datasets. The significance of the local Froude number F is discussed. It is argued that F must take on the value unity at some point across a critical section.
Intergroup Contact and Peacebuilding: Promoting Youth Civic Engagement in Northern Ireland

Focusing on the post-accord generation in Northern Ireland, this study aimed to examine the role of intergroup contact in promoting support for peacebuilding and youth civic engagement. The sample comprised 466 youth (aged 14-15; 51% Catholic, 49% Protestant) who were born after the 1998 Good Friday/Belfast Agreement and therefore represent a ‘post-accord’ generation. Recruited through their schools, youth completed scales on intergroup contact (quality and quantity), support for peacebuilding, and civic engagement. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling and bootstrapped mediation in MPlus. Results found that support for peacebuilding partially mediated the association between higher quality and higher quantity contact and greater civic engagement (volunteering and political participation). Findings demonstrate that youth who are living with the legacy of protracted intergroup conflict can support peacebuilding and engage in constructive behaviours such as civic engagement. By recognising the peacebuilding potential of youth, especially in a post-accord generation, the findings may inform how to promote youth civic engagement and social reconstruction after conflict.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD HYGIENE PRACTICES AMONG STREET FOOD VENDORS IN SELECTED FOOD VENDING LOCATIONS OF BAUCHI METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT Background: The significance of street food vending in providing relatively nutritious food and means of livelihoods to many people is widely acknowledged in most developing countries. However, there is a growing concern over the safety of the foods. The nature of food hygiene practice among food vendors are attributed to many factors including vendors’ characteristics and operational environment, knowledge and attitude among other. This study was conducted to determine the factors associated with food hygiene practice among street food vendors in selected food vending locations of Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on samples of 300 street food vendors operating in selected food vending locations of Bauchi metropolis, which were selected and interviewed face to face using a pretested structured questionnaire. Chi-square test was conducted to determine the food hygiene practice associated factors. Result: Out of 300 street food vendors that participated in this study, 174 (58.0%) were females, averaged aged 31years, mainly characterized with low level of education 277 (92.3%), non-attendance of food hygiene training 244 (81.3%), and uncertified food businesses 246 (82.0%). Majority of the respondents have good levels of knowledge regarding food hygiene 273 (91.0%), attitudes towards food hygiene 279(93.0%) and food hygiene practice 271(90.3) The chi-square test revealed that food hygiene training (= 4.897, p = 0.015), knowledge regarding food hygiene (= 13.541, p = 0.002) and attitude towards food hygiene (= 5.172, p = 0.040) were associated with street food vendors’ food hygiene practice. Conclusions: Based on these findings, the study concluded that while street food vending in various food vending locations of Bauchi metropolis can be sustainable, food hygiene training, knowledge regarding food hygiene and attitude towards food hygiene should be prioritized and included as components of any intervention for ensuring good food practices among street food vendors. Keywords: Food Hygiene, Practice, Street Foods, Vendors, Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria
High Frequency Behavior of Ceramic Multilayer Capacitors

The impedance of ceramic capacitors, made from different dielectric materials, was measured as a function of frequency from 1 MHz to 1 GHz. Most of the capacitors were of 0805 size and either end terminated or side terminated. The capacitance values ranged from a minimum of 50 pF to 100 nF. The high-frequency impedance measurements demonstrate that the inductance is a factor of two larger in end-terminated than in side-terminated ceramic muitilayer capacitors of size 0805. The inductance measured by two independent methods is 0.7 nH for the side-terminated 0805 capacitors. The inductance is only dependent on the geometry of the capacitor and independent of the dielectric material used. The capacitance and, in turn, the dielectric constant, remains constant for Z5U and X7R materials up to 100 MHz. For NPO materials the dielectric constant remains constant up to 1 GHz.
A New Sweet Dihydrochalcone-Glucoside from Leaves of Lithocarpus pachyphyllus (Kurz) Rehd. (Fagaceae)

Abstract A new sweet dihydrochalcone-glucoside, trilobatin 2″- acetate (1), was isolated from the leaves of Lithocarpus pachyphyllus, together with phlorizin and trilobatin. The structures were established by spectroscopic methods, including one- and two-dimensional NMR (COSY, HMQC and HMBC).
Aligning Identity and Strategy: Corporate Branding at British Airways in the Late 20th Century

Published as "Aligning identity and strategy: Corporate branding at British Airways in the late 20th century", California Management Review, 51(3), 6 - 23, 2009. © 2009 by the Regents of the University of California. Copying and permissions notice: Authorization to copy this content beyond fair use (as specified in Sections 107 and 108 of the U. S. Copyright Law) for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the Regents of the University of California for libraries and other users, provided that they are registered with and pay the specified fee via Rightslink® on JSTOR (http://www.jstor.org/r/ucal) or directly with the Copyright Clearance Center, http://www.copyright. com.
Effects of cell size and specific growth rate on stable carbon isotope discrimination by two species of marine diatom

Effects of cell size and/or specific growth rate were studied in 2 species of marine diatom, the large-celled Ditylum brightwellii and the smaller Chaetoceros calcitrans. Cells were grown as lightlimlted continuous cultures to produce a wide range of specific growth rates from 0.12 d' in D. brightwellii to 1.01 d-' in C. calcitrans. Carbon isotope discrimination (A) values, relative to source 8':'C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), showed no relationship to specific growth rate within species. When examined interspecifically there was some evidence that growth rate or cell size affected the '"/"C ratios of the diatoms. At each photon flux density (PFD) used for growth, the specific growth rate of C. calcitrans was at least twice that of D. brightwehi. Values of A were greater in D. brightwellii at PFDs of 5. 20 and 40 pm01 photon m-2 S-'. These data are in agreement with a hypothesis stating that fastergrowing diatoms should be enriched in I3C. However, at the highest growth irradiance of 60 pm01 m-' S-', A values were higher in C. calcitrans than in D. brightwellii. Source 6'. '(: values varied between individual cultures and demonstrated the ~mportance of directly measuring the 6'" of DIC. The value of physiological data in fully interpreting the stable carbon isotope ratios of diatoms is also discussed.
Genetic diversity of Arum L. based on plastid marker

TrnL-F region including intron trnL (UAA) and trnL (UAA) - trn (GAA) spacer in the large single-copy region of the chloroplast genome is widely used to infer phylogenetic relationships in plants. In this study, we obtained the trnL-F sequences from 8 samples of Arum L. in Iran. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted by the Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods. The cladistics analysis of phylogenetic relationships indicated that all species constituted a monophyletic group within the Arae clade. Eminium spiculatum were considered as outgroups. Biarum and Arum species were placed in a monophyletic clade. A. conophalloides Schott. and A. virescense Stapf. were placed in one clade. A. kotschyi Boiss.and A. korolkowii L. formed a sister group. Arum giganteumGhahreman. has been introduced as a new species in Iran, but in Arum monograph it is mentioned as potential equivalent to Arum rupicola Boiss. Molecular studies in this research can separate these two species and confirm previous studies.
A review on the Chromatographic Analysis of Biodiesel

Chromatographic analysis have been used in many ways in quantifying and identifying individual components in biodiesel samples, such as the identification of contaminants and Fatty acids methyl esters. Chromatography is vital in modern quality control analysis of biodiesel hence, its wide application in the study of biodiesel composition. These relevant studies have contributed immensely to the rapid growth of biodiesel production and analysis, with modern techniques providing better results. In this paper, several past research work on chromatographic analysis of Biodiesel from different oils have been reviewed.
Genetic parameters for drought-tolerance in cassava

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of drought on genetic parameters and breeding values of cassava. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block design with three replicates, under field conditions with (WD) or without (FI) water deficit. Yield of storage roots (RoY), shoot (ShY), and starch (StY), as well as the number of roots (NR), and root dry matter content (DMC) were evaluated in 47 cassava accessions. Significant differences were observed among accessions; according to heritability, these differences had mostly a genetic nature. Heritability estimates for genotypic effects (h g 2 ) ranged from 0.25±0.12 (NR) to 0.60±0.18 (DMC), and from 0.51±0.17 (NR) to 0.80±0.21 (RoY and StY) for WD and FI, respectively, as a consequence of greater environmental influence on WD. Selective accuracy was lower in WD, and ranged from 0.71 (NR) to 0.89 (RoY, DMC, and StY). However, genetic gains were quite high and ranged from 24.43% (DMC) to 113.41% (StY), in WD, and from 8.5% (DMC) to 75.70% (StY) in FI. These genetic parameters may be useful for defining which selection strategies, breeding methods, and experimental designs are more suitable to obtain cassava genetic gains for tolerance to drought.
Optimization of Saturn paraboloid magnetospheric field model parametersusing Cassini equatorial magnetic field data

Abstract. The paraboloid model of Saturn's magnetosphere describes the magnetic field as being due to the sum of contributions from the internal field of the planet, the ring current, and the tail current, all contained by surface currents inside a magnetopause boundary which is taken to be a paraboloid of revolution about the planet-Sun line. The parameters of the model have previously been determined by comparison with data from a few passes through Saturn's magnetosphere in compressed and expanded states, depending on the prevailing dynamic pressure of the solar wind. Here we significantly expand such comparisons through examination of Cassini magnetic field data from 18 near-equatorial passes that span wide ranges of local time, focusing on modelling the co-latitudinal field component that defines the magnetic flux passing through the equatorial plane. For 12 of these passes, spanning pre-dawn, via noon, to post-midnight, the spacecraft crossed the magnetopause during the pass, thus allowing an estimate of the concurrent subsolar radial distance of the magnetopause R1 to be made, considered to be the primary parameter defining the scale size of the system. The best-fit model parameters from these passes are then employed to determine how the parameters vary with R1, using least-squares linear fits, thus providing predictive model parameters for any value of R1 within the range. We show that the fits obtained using the linear approximation parameters are of the same order as those for the individually selected parameters. We also show that the magnetic flux mapping to the tail lobes in these models is generally in good accord with observations of the location of the open-closed field line boundary in Saturn's ionosphere, and the related position of the auroral oval. We then investigate the field data on six passes through the nightside magnetosphere, for which the spacecraft did not cross the magnetopause, such that in this case we compare the observations with three linear approximation models representative of compressed, intermediate, and expanded states. Reasonable agreement is found in these cases for models representing intermediate or expanded states.
Controlling roadside noncrop pine in SE Oklahoma using selected glyphosate formulations with and without LI 700 and Milestone VM Plus

Noncrop pine control is a major issue confronting managers of openings along roadsides and in clearcuts.Herbicides containing glyphosate are commonly used for pine control. Traditionally, managers have applied 4 quarts product/acre with inconsistent results. LI 700 is a penetrating non-ionic surfactant that contains lecithin. Selected treatments of Makaze, Accord Concentrate and Accord XRT II, some with and without LI 700 or Milestone VM Plus, were tested for control of loblolly (Pinus taeda L) and shortleaf (P. echinata Mill) pines in southeastern OK. Herbicides were applied at 15 GPA on 10-Jun-08. Plots were evaluated for control on 14-Jun-09. Three glyphosate formulations at 4 quarts product/acre produced dramatically different results exemplifying the state of operations today. All 6-quart and 8-quart formulations provided >89 percent control. Treatments with LI 700 exhibited more control than comparable treatments without LI 700. Adding 4 quarts product/acre of Milestone VM Plus to 4 quarts product/acre of Accord XRT II increased control numerically over Accord XRT II alone. Managers seeking to control unwanted pines while using less product, should consider Makaze (6 quarts product/acre). This treatment required less active ingredient to provide statistically similar pine control as higher rates of glyphosate.
Innovation by Leaders

A new rationale for the persistence of monopolies is based on a precommitment of the incumbent monopolist to invest in R&D. In a patent race, as long as entry is free, the Arrow effect disappears: the incumbent has more incentives to invest than any outsider. Paradoxically, a market with some persistence of monopoly is competitive, while one with continuous leapfrogging must hide some barriers to entry. When the size of innovations is endogenous, leaders invest in more radical innovations. If there is a sequence of innovations, cycling investment emerges. Finally, I apply the idea to a general equilibrium model of Schumpeterian growth with persistence of monopoly.
CAN WE LEARN FROM HACKERS TO PROTECT VICTIMS

iii LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . vii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Cybercrime . 4 Definition . 4 Classification of Cybercrime . 6 Hackers . 9 Harm . 11 Theoretical Framework . 12 Rational Choice . 12 Situational Crime Prevention . 14 Offenders’ use of Situation Crime Prevention . 19 Current Study . 23 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS Data Source . 26 Sample . 30 Data Analysis . 31 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS Prevalence of Opportunity Reducing Techniques . 36 Increase Effort . 37
Study of Complementary Feeding Practices and Some Related Factors among Mothers Attending Primary Health Centers in Sari, Iran, in 2013

Background and purpose: Inappropriate complementary feeding practices are one of the causes of malnutrition worldwide. This study was aimed to determine the complementary feeding practices according to World Health Organization recommendation in Sari, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study on complementary feeding practices assayed the different aspect of infant feeding based on maternal, childbirth, and infant characteristics. This study was conducted during the period between March and June 2013 on 401 mothers of infants under 1 year of age attending primary health centers using Poisson random sampling method and semi-structured questionnaire. A chi-square test was used to analyze the data. Results: Almost 83.6% of mothers started complementary feeding at recommended age of 6 months. The most common starting food was Fereni (51.5%). About half of mothers fed their infants complementary food of appropriate consistency (49%) with recommended frequency (54.6%). Fathers’ educational level was found to be the significant associated factor with appropriate complementary feeding practices (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Complementary feeding practices by mothers in the capital city of Mazandaran province are still inappropriate in term of consistency, frequency and type of food introduced. Emphasis should be given to educating mothers and fathers about this important issue.