Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous RAG-1 Expression during B Lymphopoiesis1

Changes in cell surface markers and patterns of gene expression are commonly used to construct sequences of events in hematopoiesis. However, the order may not be as rigid as once thought and it is unclear which changes represent the best milestones of differentiation. We developed a fate-mapping model where cells with a history of RAG-1 expression are permanently marked by red fluorescence. This approach is valuable for appreciating lymphoid-lineage relationships without need for irradiation and transplantation. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) as well as myeloid and dendritic cell progenitors were unlabeled. Also as expected, most previously identified RAG-1+ early lymphoid progenitors in bone marrow and all lymphoid-affiliated cells were marked. Of particular interest, there was heterogeneity among canonical common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) in bone marrow. Labeled CLP expressed slightly higher levels of IL-7Rα, displayed somewhat less c-Kit, and generated CD19+ lymphocytes faster than the unlabeled CLP. Furthermore, CLP with a history of RAG-1 expression were much less likely to generate dendritic and NK cells. The RAG-1-marked CLP were lineage stable even when exposed to LPS, while unlabeled CLP were redirected to become dendritic cells in response to this TLR4 ligand. These findings indicate that essential events in B lymphopoiesis are not tightly synchronized. Some progenitors with increased probability of becoming lymphocytes express RAG-1 while still part of the lineage marker-negative Sca-1+c-Kithigh (LSK) fraction. Other progenitors first activate this locus after c-Kit levels have diminished and cell surface IL-7 receptors are detectable.
The Hipster Approach for Improving Cloud System Efficiency

In 2013, U.S. data centers accounted for 2.2% of the country’s total electricity consumption, a figure that is projected to increase rapidly over the next decade. Many important data center workloads in cloud computing are interactive, and they demand strict levels of quality-of-service (QoS) to meet user expectations, making it challenging to optimize power consumption along with increasing performance demands. This article introduces Hipster, a technique that combines heuristics and reinforcement learning to improve resource efficiency in cloud systems. Hipster explores heterogeneous multi-cores and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling for reducing energy consumption while managing the QoS of the latency-critical workloads. To improve data center utilization and make best usage of the available resources, Hipster can dynamically assign remaining cores to batch workloads without violating the QoS constraints for the latency-critical workloads. We perform experiments using a 64-bit ARM big.LITTLE platform and show that, compared to prior work, Hipster improves the QoS guarantee for Web-Search from 80% to 96%, and for Memcached from 92% to 99%, while reducing the energy consumption by up to 18%. Hipster is also effective in learning and adapting automatically to specific requirements of new incoming workloads just enough to meet the QoS and optimize resource consumption.
UNILATERAL INTERNUCLEAR OPHTHALMOPLEGIA: Report of Eight Clinical Cases with One Postmortem Study

PARALYSIS of both medial rectus muscles on attempted conjugate lateral gaze without other evidence of third nerve paralysis is an entity known as internuclear ophthalmoplegia. It is relatively common and almost invariably due to multiple sclerosis. Paralysis of one medial rectus muscle on attempted conjugate lateral gaze is much less common. It is the purpose of this communication to present eight cases of the unilateral syndrome and to describe the anatomic lesions in one. The latter is the first case of unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia in which a pathologic study has been carried out. In only a single case of the bilateral syndrome has postmortem examination been made. 1 Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is presumed to result from a lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus with consequent interruption of the impulses from a center in the medulla on one side to the medial rectus nucleus on the opposite side. The syndrome has been
A Serotype 3 Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide-Specific Monoclonal Antibody Requires Fcγ Receptor III and Macrophages To Mediate Protection against Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Mice

ABSTRACT Antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS) are required for PPS-based vaccine-mediated protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Previous work established that 1E2, a mouse IgG1 to PPS3 that does not induce serotype 3 (ST3) S. pneumoniae killing by phagocytes in vitro, protects mice from death after intranasal infection with ST3, but its efficacy was abrogated in FcγR (F common gamma receptor)-deficient mice. In this study, we determined whether 1E2 efficacy against pulmonary ST3 infection requires FcγRIII. 1E2 did not protect FcγRIII-deficient (FcγRIII−/−) mice. Studies of the mechanism of 1E2-mediated effects showed that it resulted in a marked reduction in lung inflammation in ST3-infected wild-type (Wt [C57BL/6]) mice that was abrogated in FcγRIII−/− mice. 1E2 had no effect on early bacterial clearance in the lungs of ST3-infected Wt, FcγRIIB−/−, or FcγRIII−/− mice, but it reduced levels of bacteremia and serum macrophage inflammatory protein-2) (MIP-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in Wt and FcγRIIB−/− mice, strains in which it is protective. As previous work showed that neutrophils were dispensable for 1E2 efficacy, we investigated whether macrophages are required for 1E2 efficacy against intranasal infection with ST3 and found that its efficacy was abrogated in Wt mice depleted of macrophages intranasally. In vitro studies revealed that1E2 promoted ST3 internalization by naïve alveolar macrophages but did not induce early intracellular killing. Macrophages from 1E2-treated ST3-infected mice studied ex vivo exhibited more apoptosis than those from FcγRIII−/− mice. These findings suggest that 1E2 mediates protection against ST3 in mice by affecting the inflammatory response, perhaps in part via macrophage apoptosis, rather than by inducing early bacterial clearance.
Contact allergy and hand eczema in Swedish dentists

Hand eczema and contact allergy in Swedish dentists were studied in a multidisciplinary project. The aims of the study were to establish diagnoses, to investigate the occurrence of contact allergy, in particular to (meth)acrylates, and to evaluate certain consequences of hand eczema. A postal questionnaire on skin symptoms, atopy and occupational experience was mailed to 3500 dentists aged <65 years, and licensed 1965–1995. The response rate was 88%. Among dentists living in 3 major cities, 14.9% (n=191) reported hand eczema during the previous year. They were invited to a clinical examination, including patch testing with a standard and a dental series. 158/191 (83%) dentists attended, and hand eczema diagnosis was confirmed in 149/158 (94%). Irritant contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 67% and allergic contact dermatitis in 28%. On patch testing, 50% presented at least 1 positive reaction. The most frequent allergens were nickel sulfate, fragrance mix, gold sodium thiosulfate and thiuram mix. 7 (5%) had positive reactions to (meth)acrylates, all to 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 6 also to ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate. 38% had consulted a physician, 4% had been on sick‐leave and 1% had changed occupational tasks due to hand eczema. No dentist with allergy to acrylates had been on sick‐leave or changed occupation. It is concluded that dentistry is a high‐risk occupation for hand eczema, and that irritant contact dermatitis is most common. The prevalence of contact allergy to acrylates was below 1% in the population of responding dentists, and in most cases did not have serious medical, social or occupational consequences.
Application of New Methods to Regular Water Hygiene Control

Many years of experience have shown that monitoring hygienic water quality by classical microbiological tests is an important means for the supply of safe drinking water. Nevertheless, well-known disadvantages of conventional methods are that they are time-consuming, labourintensive, and results are often taxonomically inaccurate. Additionally, in the last decade there has been increased sensibility towards so-called new pathogens, for instance viruses, giardia, and cryptosporidium, which are not or only partially covered by standard indicator systems. Recent developments, particularly concerning molecular biological methods, could help to overcome these problems. Thus, evaluation studies and standardization of procedures are necessary to force the approval of new methods by the health authorities, this being the basic requirement for routine application.
Genus spectra for split metacyclic groups

An integer n\geq2 is said to be a genus of a finite group G if there is a compact Riemann surface of genus n on which G acts as a group of automorphisms. In this paper, formulae are given for the minimum genus, minimum stable genus and the gap sequence, i.e., the (finite) set of non-genera, for a split metacyclic group of order pq, where p and q are primes. This information completely determines the genus spectrum for such groups.
Tissue reaction initiated by different sealers.

AIMS To analyse the type and degree of inflammatory reaction initiated by four sealers. METHODOLOGY Twenty-four root canals of Macaca mulatta monkeys were filled within the canal and eight were overfilled with AH26, Apexit, Endomethasone or Grossman's sealers. The result of the treatment was evaluated after 6 months by histological assessment of the periapical tissues. RESULTS In the group of root canals filled within the root, no inflammatory reaction was detected in specimens of Apexit and Grossman's sealers, but the other two sealers initiated different degrees of lymphocytic/plasmocytic tissue reactions. Endomethasone initiated a mild lymphocytic/plasmocytic reaction in three of the nine cases and AH26 caused mild lymphocytic/plasmocytic infiltration in two of the seven cases. In the group of overfilled root canals, all four sealers initiated inflammatory reactions. The periapical tissue reactions of overfilled root canals were similar to reactions detected in cases filled within the canal. However, additional histological features developed in specimens of Endomethasone and AH26: Endomethasone initiated a foreign body-type granulomatous reaction around the sealer particles and AH26 particles were engulfed by macrophages. The overfilled root canals of Apexit and Grossman's sealers initiated only lymphocytic/plasmocytic reactions. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that sealers with different chemical compositions initiate different histological reactions. It also emphasizes the importance of confining root filling to the canal system because all sealers initiate inflammatory reactions when they are present in the apical tissues
Building Community Capacity for Violence Prevention

The capacity of communities to prevent violence is examined fromthree perspectives: youth violence, child maltreatment, and intimate partner violence. The analysis suggests that community social control and collective efficacy are significant protective factors for all three types of violence, but these need to be further distinguished for their relationships to private, parochial, and state controls. It is argued that strong interpersonal ties are not the only contributor to collective efficacy and violence prevention. Weak ties, including those outside the community, and organizational ties are also seen as necessary. Violence prevention programs should be structured in ways that contribute to the communities’ own capacity to prevent violence.
Discourse Changes in Early Alzheimer Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Normal Aging

The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of discourse gist measures to the early cognitive-linguistic changes in Alzheimer disease (AD) and in the preclinical stages. Differences in discourse abilities were examined in 25 cognitively normal adults, 24 adults with mild probable AD, and 20 adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at gist and detail levels of discourse processing. The authors found that gist and detail levels of discourse processing were significantly impaired in persons with AD and MCI as compared with normal control subjects. Gist-level discourse processing abilities showed minimal overlap between cognitively normal control subjects and those with mild AD. Moreover, the majority of the persons with MCI performed in the range of AD on gist measures. These findings indicate that discourse gist measures hold promise as a diagnostic complement to enhance early detection of AD. Further studies are needed to determine how early the discourse gist deficits arise in AD.
Regional population differences of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) in Cambodia using genotyping-by-sequencing

Abstract The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stål (BPH) can be found year-round in tropical region and causes severe damage to rice. Although there has been documented BPH damage to rice crops in the past decade in Cambodia, the extent of this epidemic is poorly understood. Here, we examined the time variation of BPH population in the abundance of morphotypes in 13 main rice-producing provinces (86 sites) by aspirator method and in the Takeo Province (five sites) by yellow sticky trap method. At least three generations were observed during the 3-month collection period in the rainy growing season. Regarding the occurrence of BPH morphotypes, in July the macropterous adults were restricted to south Cambodia and in August all morphotypes, adults (macropterous and brachypterous) and nymphs, appeared in all sampling sites. To explain the difference of regional distribution, the genetic differentiation was analyzed in south and northwest Cambodia (three sites) by using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analysis via genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) using next-generation sequencing. The 2455 SNPs obtained by GBS clarified the three sub-populations and they corresponded to the expected dissemination patterns. These results provide a clue to understand the differentiation and epidemic of BPH in Cambodia.
A 40 watt C-band MMIC high power amplifier for space radar application exploiting a 0.25 μm AlGaN/GaN on SiC process

This paper describes a C-band monolithic high power amplifier implemented with a 0.25 μm AlGaN/GaN HEMT process. The circuit has been designed for use in synthetic aperture radar antenna modules in space applications. The amplifier is made up of two stages: the final stage consists of eight devices for 9.6 mm of total periphery that are merged together to form a single power-bar. A quasi-inverse class-F regime for the HEMTs is implemented by harmonic tuning in order to achieve the best tradeoff between maximum output power and efficiency. When operating in pulsed mode with 50 μs pulse width and 10% duty cycle, the amplifier delivers about 40 watt with 21 dB of associated gain and 40% PAE over a 15% bandwidth centered at 5.4 GHz. The proposed MMIC HPA is a very valuable replacement for lower output power MMIC GaAs HPAs or hybrid HPAs, which are currently exploited at C-band for these applications.
THE MODERATING ROLE OF SUPPORT SEEKING VERSUS PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CUSTOMER AGGRESSION AND JOB OUTCOMES

Customer aggression constitutes a major source of stress for service providers; however, empirical research regarding the moderating role of coping strategies in the customer aggression--job outcomes relationship is sparse. Two samples of service workers were recruited from northern Israel and data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Study 1 investigated the moderating impact of support seeking and behavioral disengagement on this relationship. Results show that under conditions of excessively-aggressive behavior, more support seeking was associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion and turnover intentions. Study 2 indicates that supervisor support moderated the customer aggression--work engagement relationship, such that the detrimental effect of customer aggression on work engagement was observed only among service workers with low levels of supervisor support.
Accounting for Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm Optimization of Water Distribution Systems

Considerable research has been carried out on the optimization of water distribution systems WDSs over the last three decades. In previous research, attention has mainly focused on the minimization of cost, due to the high expenditure associated with the construction and maintenance of such systems. However, the impacts of WDSs on the environment usually have not been considered adequately. The recent increasing awareness of sustainability and climate change, especially global warming, has led to research where greenhouse gas GHG emissions are considered. In the study described in this paper a multiobjective genetic algorithm for WDS optimization has been used as an explorative tool to investigate the trade-offs between the traditional economic objective of minimizing costs and an additional environmental objective of minimizing GHG emissions. The impacts of minimizing GHG emissions on the results of WDS optimization have been explored for a case study in this paper. The results indicate that the inclusion of GHG emission minimization as one of the objectives results in significant trade-offs between the economic and environmental objectives. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis has been conducted by using different discount rates in a present value analysis for computing both ongoing costs and GHG emissions. The results obtained show that the Pareto-optimal front is very sensitive to the discount rates used. As a result, the selection of discount rates has a significant impact on final decision making.
Use of rabbits for absorption studies on polymorphs of chloramphenicol palmitate.

The α and β forms of chloramphenicol palmitate (CPP) crystals were successfully obtained in similar particle sizes by utilizing wet micronization. Comparisons of the absorbability of CPP suspensions of the above crystals using conventionally fasted rabbits were unsuccessful because of the low plasma level after dosing the β form (less than 1 μg/ml). Plasma levels were then compared by dosing CPP suspensions of the α and β forms to stomach-emptying-controlled (SE-controlled) rabbits in a crossover manner. Compartive absorption studies were also performed in the SE-controlled rabbits with a capsule form of CP and suspensions of CPP in the α and β forms. It was demonstrated that absorption occurred in the order CP>CPP (α form)>CPP (β form). The correlation between in vitro extent of hydrolysis and in vivo absorbability in terms of AUC is discussed. These results suggest that the SE-controlled rabbit is a very useful animal model for preliminary bioavailability studies on oral dosage forms for human clinical use.
The Interrelated Roles of TGF-β and IL-10 in the Regulation of Experimental Colitis

In the present study, we define the relation between TGF-β and IL-10 in the regulation of the Th1-mediated inflammation occurring in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-colitis. In initial studies, we showed that the feeding of trinitrophenol-haptenated colonic protein to SJL/J mice induces CD4+ regulatory T cells that transfer protection from induction of TNBS-colitis, and that such protection correlates with cells producing TGF-β, not IL-10. Further studies in which SJL/J mice were fed haptenated colonic protein, and then administered either anti-TGF-β or anti-IL-10 at the time of subsequent TNBS administration per rectum, showed that while both Abs abolished protection, anti-TGF-β administration prevented TGF-β secretion, but left IL-10 secretion intact; whereas anti-IL-10 administration prevented both TGF-β secretion and IL-10 secretion. Thus, it appeared that the protective effect of IL-10 was an indirect consequence of its effect on TGF-β secretion. To establish this point further, we conducted adoptive transfer studies and showed that anti-IL-10 administration had no effect on induction of TGF-β producing T cells in donor mice. However, it did inhibit their subsequent expansion in recipient mice, probably by regulating the magnitude of the Th1 T cell response which would otherwise inhibit the TGF-β response. Therefore, these studies suggest that TGF-β production is a primary mechanism of counter-regulation of Th1 T cell-mediated mucosal inflammation, and that IL-10 is necessary as a secondary factor that facilitates TGF-β production.
Schizophrenic deficits in the processing of context. A test of a theoretical model.

BACKGROUND Schizophrenic patients show various deficits in cognitive functions that have been difficult to understand in terms of a common unifying hypothesis. Previously described neural network models of cognitive tasks suggest that several schizophrenic performance deficits may be related to a single function-an impairment in maintaining contextual information over time and in using that information to inhibit inappropriate responses. METHODS We tested first-episode schizophrenic patients and patients later in the course of their illness on a new variant of the Continuous Performance Test designed specifically to elicit deficits in the processing of contextual information. RESULTS Unmedicated schizophrenic patients showed a deterioration of their signal detection performance that followed the pattern predicted by the context hypothesis, ie, they responded inappropriately when correct responding required the maintenance of context information over time to inhibit the expression of a habitual response. This deficit correlated with positive symptoms. The results also suggested that the deficit may be worse in unmedicated patients who have had a longer course of illness. Medicated patients showed a more diffuse performance deficit. CONCLUSIONS These results support the view that a single deficit in the processing of context information may underlie various cognitive impairments observed in schizophrenia. They also suggest that such an impairment is associated with positive rather than negative symptoms, and that it may worsen with the course of the illness as in the kraepelinian view of schizophrenia.
Retinal vein occlusion and the risk of acute myocardial infraction: a 3-year follow-up study

Aim: Using a nationwide population-based dataset, this study investigated the relationship between retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and subsequent acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: This study is based on a nationwide database released by the Taiwan National Health Research Institute. The study cohort consisted of all ambulatory care patients who were diagnosed as having RVO during 2000∼2003 (n = 591), while the control cohort comprised 2955 randomly selected patients extracted from the same dataset; five patients for every RVO patient, matched by age and gender. Each patient was individually tracked for 3 years from their index ambulatory care visit. Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed to compute the adjusted 3-year AMI-free survival rates, comparing these two cohorts. Results: RVO patients had a significantly higher rate of AMI (1.86% vs 0.78%) during the 3-year follow-up period than patients in the comparison group (p = 0.032). However, after adjusting for the patients’ gender, age, geographic region and comorbid medical disorders, there was no significant difference between the central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion patients and the comparison group in terms of the hazard of AMI during the 3-year follow-up period. Conclusion: RVO did not independently increase the risk of AMI.