Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinico-epidemiological profile of breast cancer patients and the retrospective application of Gail model 2: An Indian perspective.

AIM To study the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients of breast cancer presenting at our center at New Delhi, India and to evaluate the applicability of Gail model 2 as a means of measuring 5-year and lifetime risk in our already diagnosed cases of breast cancer. METHODS This was a retrospective study conducted at Lady Hardinge Medical College Hospital in New Delhi, India, between January 2011 and July 2014. Two hundred and twenty two diagnosed cases of breast cancer were included. Information was collected retrospectively on a Performa from the medical record section and the Pathology department of the hospital.The predicted five-year and lifetime risk was calculated using GM2 prediction model from the NCI's breast cancer risk assessment tool website. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer in India is a far more biologically aggressive disease than in the west with a widely different spectrum of presentation and behavior and late presentation in an advanced stage. The accepted risk factors routinely associated with breast cancer in western literature do not appear to be relevant in the Indian population. Accepted western models do not seem to apply in the Indian scenario.
Syntactic agreement attraction reflects working memory processes

ABSTRACT Does producing syntactic agreement rely on syntactic or memory-based retrieval processes? The present study investigated the extent to which syntactic processing deficits and working memory (WM) deficits predict susceptibility to agreement attraction [Bock, K. , & Miller, C. A. (1991). Broken agreement. Cognitive Psychology, 23, 45–93], where speakers tend to erroneously produce plural agreement for a singular subject when another noun in the sentence is grammatically plural. Four brain-injured patients with varying degrees of grammatical and WM deficits completed sentences with local nouns that matched or mismatched in number with the head noun, and that were plausible or implausible subjects. Both aspects of grammatical deficits and the extent of WM deficits predicted the extent of agreement attraction effects. These data are consistent with the proposal that producing an agreeing verb involves a cue-based search in WM for an appropriate controlling noun, which is subject to interference from other elements in memory with similar properties [cf. Badecker, W. , & Kuminiak, F. (2007). Morphology, agreement and working memory retrieval in sentence production: Evidence from gender and case in Slovak. Journal of Memory and Language, 56(1), 65–85. doi:10.1016/j.jml. 2006.08. 004].
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE CO‐OPERATION: AN EVALUATION

Abstract This paper is concerned with specifying how extraocular muscles co‐operate in moving the eye, A set of assumptions is described which enable ibis lo be done with enough precision for: i computer model of the actions of the extraocular muscles to be set up. The behaviour of the model and its validity arc then evaluated.
All-optical wavelength conversion of short pulses and NRZ signals based on a nonlinear optical loop mirror

Wavelength conversion of short pulses at 10 GHz based on a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) is experimentally and numerically investigated for the case of small group velocity dispersion and walkoff between the control pulses and continuous lightwaves. Experimental and numerical simulation results show that the pulsewidths of the converted signals at different wavelengths are almost the same, and the pulsewidths are compressed when the peak power of the control pulse is smaller than a certain value. An RZ optical source containing eight wavelengths having a high sidemode suppression ratio, equal amplitudes and almost the same pulsewidths is obtained by using wavelength conversion in a NOLM consisting of a common dispersion shifted fiber. 10 Gb/s NRZ wavelength conversion based on the NOLM is demonstrated for the first time and certain conclusions in some of the references are confirmed by our experimental results.
SPECTRAL ABSORPTION OF PRODIGIOSIN IN INTACT CELLS

a simple acetone extraction process which they used in studying the spectral absorption of prodigiosin and 4 fractions separated by paper chromatography. It is possible, however, to study the spectral absorption of the pigment while it is still in the cells. The absorption spectra of the extract and the whole cells should agree if the extraction process does not affect the pigment; the native pigment is not shielded or altered by its association with other cellular components; and the method used with whole cells truly eliminates the effect of scattering. Bateman and Monk (1955) described a new method of measuring the true absorption of turbid suspensions using diffuse light and referred to several earlier methods reported in the literature. The method used in this work also employs the principles of diffuse light spectrophotometry. It consists of adding the absorbing system to a heavy suspension of a scattering substance in a wide cell and measuring the transmission of the diffuse slab in a double beam spectrophotometer. The added scattering due to the sample is insignificant and its absorption alone determines the transmission of the slab relative to a similar slab without absorber in the reference beam.
Lipoxygenase Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid in Brain

Abstract: When blood‐free mouse brain slices were incubated with exogenous radiolabeled arachidonic acid, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry confirmed that the major radioactive lipoxygenase enzyme product of arachidonic acid was 12‐hydroxy‐5,8,10,14‐eicosatetraenoic acid (12‐HETE), with lesser amounts of 5‐hydroxy‐6,8,11,14‐eicosatetraenoic acid and 15‐hydroxy‐5,8,11,13‐eicosatetraenoic acid. When 12‐[2H]HETE was used to measure endogenous 12‐HETE in brain tissue frozen with liquid nitrogen, the level of 12‐HETE was 41 ± 6 ng/g of wet weight tissue. This frozen tissue level was not due to the presence of blood. When brain slices were incubated in vitro for 20 min, the 12‐HETE level increased to 964 ± 35 ng/g of wet weight tissue. Elimination of residual intravascular blood before tissue incubation reduced the brain slice 12‐HETE concentration by one‐half.
The Conconi Test: Methodology After 12 Years of Application

The protocol for the determination of the speed/heart rate relationship during incremental exercise previously described (so-called Conconi test) has been refined and in part modified during 12 years of application. The new protocol calls for time-based increments in exercise intensity that are uniform up to submaximal speeds and progressively greater in the final phase. As in the original article (18), the speed/heart rate relationship is linear at low to moderate speed and curvilinear from submaximal to maximal speeds. A method is presented for the mathematical definition of this relationship, with the calculation of the straight-line equation of the linear phase and the identification of the point of transition from the linear to the curvilinear phase (deflection point or heart rate break-point). Analysis of 300 tests selected at random from those in our data base (more than 5,000 tests) has enabled us to show that the speed at which the deflection point occurs is significantly lower (p < 0.001) than that at which the acceleration of the final phase begins. This fact demonstrates that the break-point is not brought on by the final acceleration called for in the test protocol. Analysis of the speed/heart rate relationship allows for the determination of the following additional functional indices: 1) maximal heart rate (in 21 athletes the maximal heart rate attained in the test and that attained while racing were equal); 2) range of heart beats defining the linear part of the speed/heart rate relationship; 3) range of heart beats from the deflection point to maximal heart rate; and 4) maximal aerobic exercise intensity, obtained through extrapolation of the straight-line equation to maximal heart rate. Data are provided on the conditions of the test subject that modify his speed/heart rate relationship, such as incomplete recovery from previous efforts, inadequate warm-up, or inadequate test procedure with too rapid increments in exercise intensity. Finally, criteria for test acceptability are presented.
Phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid composition, and DNA relatedness of aerococci and comparison to related genera

Aerococci can be misidentified as streptococci, enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, or leuconostocs. To distinguish the genus and determine if another species is needed in the present taxon, we analyzed 37 aerococci for cellular fatty acids and compared them with 377 strains of gram-positive cocci, including the species type strains from each of the related genera. The cellular fatty acid profile of aerococci was distinguishable from other genera. Two relatively novel fatty acids found in the aerococci were identified as C16:1 omega 9c and C16:1 omega 9t. Eleven strains of aerococci (including a strain originally identified as "Gaffkya" species) were chosen for DNA-DNA reassociation studies with the type strain Aerococcus viridans ATCC 11563; DNAs from eight of these strains were more than 75% related to the type strain and had 1 to 4% divergence in related sequences. The remaining three strains were 60 to 70% related to the type strain, had 7 to 11.5% divergence, and may represent a second species, Aerococcus genospecies 2. beta-Glucuronidase, alpha-galactosidase, and beta-galactosidase were useful in characterizing the aerococci.
Long-Term Changes in the Zooplankton Community of Lake Maggiore in Response to Multiple Stressors: A Functional Principal Components Analysis

We describe the long-term (1981–2008) dynamics of several physico-chemical and biological variables and how their changes may have influenced zooplankton structure in Lake Maggiore (Italy). Data was available for the 1981–1992 and 1995–2008 periods. Standardized time-series for temperature and total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton density (cel m−3), and cell size (µm3), as well as zooplankton structure (Copepoda, Cladocera, and Rotifera density, ind m−3) were smoothed using penalized B-splines and analyzed using Functional Principal Components (FPCs) to assess their dominant modes of variation. The first four FPCs explained 55% of 1981–1992 and 65% of 1995–2008 overall variation. Results showed that temperature fluctuated during the study period, particularly during 1988–1992 with a general tendency to increase. TP showed a declining trend with some reversions in the pattern observed in the years 1992, 1999, and 2000. Phytoplankton estimators and chlorophyll-a concentration showed a variable trend along the study period. Zooplankton groups also had a variable trend along the study period with a general increase in density of large carnivorous (mainly Bythotrephes longimanus) and a decrease of large herbivorous (mainly Daphnia), and a similar increase in the ratio of raptorial to microphagous rotifers. Our results suggest that the lake experienced a strong trophic change associated with oligotrophication, followed by pronounced climate-induced changes during the latter period. TP concentration was strongly associated with changes in abundance of some zooplankton taxa.
Geometry-Aware Single-Event Enabled Compact Models for Sub-50 nm Partially Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator Technologies

A new geometry-aware single-event enabled compact model for sub-50 nm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator MOSFETs is presented. The model extends the bias-dependent single-event modeling methods with an integrated parasitic BJT using the SPICE Gummel Poon equations and parameters derived from the manufacturer's process design kit, physical layout, and technology information. The model compares well with TCAD and test data.
Antimicrobial spectrum of Triclosan, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent for topical application.

The antimicrobial activity of 5-chloro-2(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol (triclosan, one of the active ingredients of Logamel®, Ciba-Geigy) was compared in vitro with that of other antimicrobials exclusively or occasionally used as topical agents in dermatology: hexachlorophene, clioquinol, chlorquinaldol. gentamicin, neomycin, nystatin, econazole, clotrimazole and salicylic acid. Upon determination of the MICs for 53 strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, yeasts and fungi, triclosan was found to display a high degree of activity against most of the test organisms and to have the broadest spectrum of chemotherapeutically significant antimicrobial activity of the substances tested.
Self-instructional training: a commentary and state-of-the-art.

Approximately 10 years ago, I was an enthusiastic young Assistant Professor at the University of Montana about to teach my first major graduate seminar in "Behavior Modification. " I distinctly recall organizing a series of readings that would give students a flavor for the past, present, and future of behavior modification. At that time, the Meichenbaum and Goodman (1971) article seemed to hold the quintessential elements of tomorrow's research and application. That is, Meichenbaum and Goodman had demonstrated a concern with: (a) clinical efficacy, (b) cognition, (c) generalization, and (d) the timely topic of impulsive children. My only problem with the research was that I could hardly believe the findings. As a consequence, I decided to examine and extend the Meichenbaum and Goodman procedures in an effort to prove them wrong! Using the self-instructional procedure and evaluating effects via a multiple baseline design across subjects, we (Bornstein & Quevillon, 1976) found immediate and dramatic increases in on-task behavior. Moreover, these behavioral improvements occurred in the nonexperimental situation (i.e., the classroom) and were maintained well after treatment termination. Quite honestly, we were amazed at the success of the technique. Furthermore, our astonishment was consensually validated when an independent JABA reviewer commented, "Our readership will not believe these results! " Thus, I welcome and am not entirely surprised by the findings of Billings and Wasik (1985). Billings and Wasik are to be commended on their attempt to replicate our earlier findings. In fact, their efforts to reproduce our exact methods are perhaps above and beyond the "call of science. " The scientific purpose of any replication series is to establish repeatability of previous findings and determine generality of effects. Research that attempts to replicate earlier findings while varying behaviors, therapists, or settings is generally referred to as systematic replication. As such, the Billings and Wasik replication effort (as an example of systematic replication) serves a central role in our science of human behavior. Indeed, it is via the process of direct or systematic replication or both that we firmly establish and generalize our findings in applied behavior analysis.
Effect of Preexisting Immunity on Oncolytic Adenovirus Vector INGN 007 Antitumor Efficacy in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Syrian Hamsters

ABSTRACT Immune responses against adenovirus (Ad) vectors pose a possible concern for the outcome of treatment efficacy. To address the role of preexisting immunity in oncolytic Ad vector antitumor efficacy following intratumoral injection of vector as well as tumor-to-tissue spread of the vector, we employed the Syrian hamster model. These animals are immunocompetent, and their tumors and tissues are permissive for replication of Ad type 5 (Ad5). We used the adenovirus death protein-overexpressing Ad5-based vector INGN 007. Subcutaneous tumors were established in groups of hamsters that were or were not immunized with Ad5. Half of the hamsters in these groups were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide. For all groups, tumors injected with INGN 007 grew significantly more slowly than those injected with buffer. Under immunocompetent conditions, there was no significant effect of preexisting immunity on vector antitumor efficacy. Soon after the tumors in naïve animals were injected with vector, the hamsters developed neutralizing antibody (NAb) and the difference in NAb titers between the naïve and immunized groups diminished. Under immunosuppressed conditions, preexisting NAb did significantly reduce vector efficacy. Thus, NAb do reduce vector efficacy to some extent, but immunosuppression is required to observe the effect. Regarding vector toxicity, there was spillover of vector from the tumor to the liver and lungs in naïve immunocompetent hamsters, and this was nearly eliminated in the immunized hamsters. Thus, preexisting immunity to Ad5 does not affect INGN 007 antitumor efficacy following intratumoral injection, but immunity prevents vector spillover from the tumor to the liver and lungs.
Long-term follow-up of stage I cervical adenocarcinoma treated by radical surgery.

From 1972 to 1988 55 patients underwent radical abdominal hysterectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection for treatment of FIGO Stage I cervical adenocarcinoma. A minimum of 60 months follow-up was available on all surviving patients. A detailed retrospective analysis was conducted to determine the influence of radical surgery on survival and to identify prognostic factors for recurrence. A bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was included as part of the primary surgery in 52 the patients. Histologic subtypes included endocervical adenocarcinoma (44), papillary carcinoma (5), clear cell carcinoma (3), and adenosquamous carcinoma (3). The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival was 85.5%. The median follow-up of the surviving patients was 78.5 months (range, 60 to 240 months). Eight patients recurred, all but 1 of whom died of disease. Median time to recurrence was 28 months (range, 6 to 47 months). Five patients recurred beyond 24 months. One patient recurred locally, 5 recurred regionally, and 2 developed distant recurrences. Lymph node metastases (P < 0.0001), histologic grade (P < 0.0001), depth of invasion (P = 0.0001), presence of paracervical disease (P = 0.0034), and size of the lesion (P = 0.0059) were shown to be significant determinants of recurrence. Two of the 3 patients with a single involved lymph node recurred. Age, parity, history of oral contraceptive use, histologic subtype, and lymph vascular space involvement were not statistically significant determinants of recurrence. Adjuvant whole pelvic radiotherapy did not influence regional recurrence or survival but may decrease local recurrence. Radical abdominal hysterectomy pelvic lymph node dissection is an appropriate treatment of patients with Stage I cervical adenocarcinoma. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
INVESTIGATION OF CASSIA SINGUEANA LEAF EXTRACT FORANTIULCER EFFECTS USING ETHANOL-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCERMODEL IN RATS

The antiulcer effects of the methanolic extract of Cassia singueana leaves were investigated using ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. The extract was prepared by cold marceration in 80% methanol at 370C with intermittent shaking for 48 h. A yield of 12.6% w/w dry extract was obtained. The extract was safe, up to a dose of 4000 mg/kg given per os did not cause mortality in the rats. Cassia singueana extract (CSE) exhibited a more gastro-protective effect against ethanol-induced stomach ulcers at 250 and 750 mg/kg than omeprazole (20 mg/kg) and solvent treated (control) rats. CSE had 59% while omeprazole and distilled water produced 55% and 0% respectively. Histopathological lesions were observed to deviate from massive severe lesions with marked disorientation of the gastric epithelium in the control to fairly protected mucosa with omeprazole and a better protected mucosa with intact epithelium in CSE (750 mg/kg) treated rats. C. singueana extract was found to be significantly protective against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in the experimental rats.
Improvement of the applicability of ecotoxicological tests with earthworms, springtails, and plants for the assessment of metals in natural soils

The environmental risk assessment of metals in the soil compartment is based mainly on tests performed in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) artificial soil, but ecologically, the use of natural soils would be more relevant. In this contribution, the reproduction and growth of three standard species (an earthworm, a collembolan, and a dicotyledonous plant, respectively) was evaluated in nine natural soils (covering a wide range of pH values, organic matter content, texture, and so on) and in OECD artificial soil. Afterward, the effects of the model chemical zinc nitrate were assessed in all soils that were identified as being suitable for these species. The test results indicate that the toxicity of zinc nitrate can be higher by a factor of approximately four compared to artificial soil for invertebrates (earthworms and collembolans), whereas plants are only slightly more sensitive in some natural soils than in artificial soil. When comparing the different endpoints, it could be confirmed that the median effective concentration (EC50) is the most robust compared to the highly uncertain 10% effective concentration. Decreasing toxicity of zinc nitrate to collembolans was significantly correlated with an increase in soil pH but not with cation exchange capacity (CEC) or organic carbon (OC) content. No significant correlation was found between the toxicity of zinc nitrate to earthworms or plants and soil pH, CEC, or OC content. Possible consequences of the results are discussed, such as the testing of natural soils in addition to the OECD artificial soil or the inclusion of an additional safety factor to use the EC50 in current risk assessment schemes focusing on no‐observed‐effect concentrations.
The Neurophysiology of Memory

Abstract: How do the structures of the medial temporal lobe contribute to memory? To address this question, we examine the neurophysiological correlates of both recognition and associative memory in the medial temporal lobe of humans, monkeys, and rats. These cross‐species comparisons show that the patterns of mnemonic activity observed throughout the medial temporal lobe are largely conserved across species. Moreover, these findings show that neurons in each of the medial temporal lobe areas can perform both similar as well as distinctive mnemonic functions. In some cases, similar patterns of mnemonic activity are observed across all structures of the medial temporal lobe. In the majority of cases, however, the hippocampal formation and surrounding cortex signal mnemonic information in distinct, but complementary ways.
Obligation Conditionals in a Nonstandard Conditional Selection Task: General versus Specific Reasoning Strategies as a False Dichotomy

The paper reports a study comparing performance on obligation and causal conditionals in the explicit standard order conditional selection task. Analysis indicated that both general and specific reasoning strategies are used when a request is given to disprove obligation conditionals, contradicting the prevalent view that only one of the two kinds of strategy is used and confirming the 1993 suggestions of Evans and later ones by Evans and Over. The incidence of general reasoning strategies in this situation is reduced, compared to that for other kinds of conditional in a disproof task probably because a specific reasoning strategy is available that is easier to use.