Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Animal model of sclerotic skin. II. Bleomycin induced scleroderma in genetically mast cell deficient WBB6F1-W/W(V) mice.

OBJECTIVE Previously, we established a mouse model of scleroderma induced by repeated subcutaneous bleomycin injections. In this model, increased numbers of mast cells were observed in the lesional skin of dermal sclerosis, and degranulation of mast cells was prominent prior to the increase of mast cell numbers. Mast cells have been suggested to play an important role in tissue fibrosis. In this study, we investigated whether dermal sclerosis is also induced by bleomycin administration in genetically mast cell deficient WBB6F1-W/W(V) mice. METHODS Bleomycin was subcutaneously injected every day in WBB6F1-W/W(V) and their normal littermate WBB6F1-+/+ mice for 4 weeks, and mice were analyzed for histological sclerosis, mast cell number, plasma histamine level, and hydroxyproline content. RESULTS Four weeks' injections of bleomycin effected histological dermal sclerosis in both mast cell deficient and control strains; however, at 1 week, dermal sclerosis was induced only in WBB6F1-+/+ mice. Mast cells gradually increased in number around or on the edge of sclerotic lesions in WBB6F1-+/+ mice, as the dermal sclerosis developed. Hydroxyproline content of the skin of WBB6F1-+/+ mice was higher than that of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice at 1 week, but was not statistically significant. After 2 weeks' treatment with bleomycin, the hydroxyproline content of the skin was similar in both strains. The number of infiltrating macrophages and CD4+ T cells also gradually increased in both strains; however, the difference did not reach significance during the course of bleomycin treatment. CONCLUSION These results show that mast cell is not necessary for inducing dermal sclerosis by bleomycin, and other types of inflammatory cells such as infiltrating macrophages or T lymphocytes may play a role in triggering induction of dermal sclerosis via fibrogenic cytokines. However, mast cell releasing mediators or cytokines may play a role in accelerating formation of dermal sclerosis, in particular, at an early phase of the sclerotic process, and not merely as a result of sclerosis.
Etiology and Long-Term Prognosis of Unilateral Paramedian Pontine Infarction with Progressive Symptoms

Progressive pure motor hemiparesis is a common feature in paramedian pontine infarction. To assess the etiology, clinical course and long-term prognosis of this stroke subtype, we identified 26 patients with progressive symptoms in a retrospective study, treated in our hospital between 1993 and 1998. All patients had more than one stroke risk factor, and in 20, basilar branch disease, an atherosclerotic occlusion of basilar perforating arteries, was causative. Most patients developed severe hemiparesis after a mean time of 3 days, nearly 50% showed deterioration in connection with a fall in systolic blood pressure. The patients were followed up for 4–9 years: 4 patients had further strokes, 5 died, and 17 patients were independent, which may be interpreted as a good long-term prognosis.
Effects of systemically applied clonidine on intestinal perfusion and oxygenation in healthy pigs during general anaesthesia and laparotomy1

Background and objective: Clonidine, which is used for induction of sympatholysis and prevention or treatment of alcohol withdrawal in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine, may have deleterious effects on intestinal mucosal perfusion. This study was designed to investigate the effects of clonidine on intestinal perfusion and oxygenation. Methods: Following ethical approval 17 anaesthetized, and acutely instrumented pigs were randomly assigned to two groups: eight animals received intravenous clonidine (2 μg kg−1 bolus and 2 μg kg−1 h−1), nine animals served as a control group. Measurement points for systemic and regional haemodynamic and oxygenation parameters were 135 and 315 min after starting the clonidine application. Results: Clonidine elicited systemic haemodynamic changes (median [25‐75th interquartile range]): heart rate (106 [91, 126] to 84 [71, 90] beats min−1) cardiac output (147 [123, 193] to 90 [87, 107] mL min−1 kg−1) and mean arterial pressure (77 [72, 93] to 69 [61, 78] mmHg) decreased. Despite systemic haemodynamic changes, the superior mesenteric artery blood flow did not change in the clonidine group. The vascular resistance of the superior mesenteric artery decreased. The small intestinal oxygen supply, the mucosal and the serosal tissue oxygen partial pressure did not change. Conclusions: Systemic sympatholysis induced by intravenously applied clonidine in addition to basic intravenous anaesthesia elicited a decrease in cardiac output and mean arterial pressure. However, regional macrohaemodynamic perfusion was maintained and intestinal oxygenation did not change. Clonidine does not impair intestinal mucosal and serosal oxygenation under physiological conditions.
Light-matter interactions of two-dimensional materials and the coupled nanostructures

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained increasing attention due to their unique and extraordinary electrical and optoelectronic properties. These properties can be largely attributed to the fundamental light-matter interactions. This thesis project uses spectroscopy techniques and focuses on the study of the light-matter interaction in 2D materials, as well as their coupling with other nanostructures, which are essential in achieving useful optoeletronic applications with 2D materials. First, the fundamental properties of 2D materials were investigated using spectroscopy. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies of MoS2 and its related structures were studied, showing that the interaction between MoS2 layers and other dielectrics can strongly affect their PL emissions, exciton and trion properties. Moreover, combining Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the effects of substrates and defects for MoS2 have been revealed. Next, interlayer vibrational properties of 2D materials are studied utilizing lowfrequency Raman spectroscopy. Twisted bilayer MoS2 and few-layer black phosphorus were chosen to demonstrate the interlayer coupling from the perspective of interlayer breathing and shear Raman modes. These exemplary studies offer a great tool to investigate the interlayer coupling, thickness, and stacking configurations of 2D materials using lowfrequency Raman spectroscopy. The anisotropic light-matter interactions of 2D materials were also examined. Using polarization dependent Raman and optical absorption spectroscopies, together with firstprinciples density functional theory analysis and group theory, the anisotropy of electronphoton and electron-phonon interactions can be revealed. This method can experimentally exhibit the anisotropy of electron-phonon interactions in 2D materials, and can be generalized to other layered materials with in-plane anisotropy. The interactions of 2D materials with other materials systems were also investigated using optical spectroscopies. The interactions of 2D materials and selected organic molecules were revealed using graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The interaction
Is the generalized anxiety disorder symptom of worry just another form of neuroticism? a 5-year longitudinal study of adolescents from the general population.

OBJECTIVE Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a commonly occurring anxiety disorder that many times is characterized by an onset in adolescence and symptoms that increase in severity into adulthood. Due to the persistent nature of the disorder's primary symptom of worry, which appears more related to a personality trait than an anxiety state, the current DSM-IV nosology of GAD has been debated. Recently, evidence is accumulating that suggests that the GAD symptom of worry is strongly related to the personality trait of neuroticism. This study investigates whether the GAD symptom of worry and neuroticism are best explained as 1 general factor or as 2 distinct entities in adolescents. Additionally, the interrelation over time between the GAD symptom of worry and neuroticism in adolescents is examined. METHOD Dutch secondary school adolescents from the general community were prospectively studied annually for 5 years. The adolescent population consisted of 923 early adolescents (49% girls) and 390 middle adolescents (57% girls), with mean ages of 12 and 16 years, respectively, on the first measurement wave. At all 5 waves, the adolescents completed self-rated measures of GAD and neurotic symptoms. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses established that the GAD symptom of worry and neuroticism are 2 distinct entities, and structural equation modeling demonstrated very strong interrelated properties between these 2 entities. These findings did not differ between the adolescent sex and age groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the GAD symptom of worry is more akin to a personality trait than an anxiety state in adolescents, which may hold implications for the current nosology and treatment of GAD.
Short-term load forecasting of Toronto Canada by using different ANN algorithms

In the field of power system, electrical load forecasting has got wide acceptance due to the determination of future trends of demand. Electrical load forecasting is used to predict the future power demand of the consumers which is estimated on the basis of the historical load data. The forecast model processes the exogenous relation of the provided data and consequently anticipates the future load demand. In this paper different ANN algorithms i.e Levenberg Marquardt back propagation, Bayesian Regularization & Scaled Conjugate Gradient algorithms has been applied for short-term load forecasting i.e. the one hour-ahead hourly forecast of the electricity load of Toronto, Canada using MATLAB R14a. The data used in the forecasting are hourly historical data of the temperature & the electricity demand of Toronto, Canada. The simulation results obtained is highly accurate and well forecasted.
Uptake, transfer, and loss of p32 during metamorphosis, mating, and oviposition in Aedes vexans.

The uptake of P32 as a function of time per unit dry weight of Aedes vexans (Meigen) larvae has been studied. There was a significant uptake of P32 by instar IV larvae up to 72 hours, although the rate of uptake was very rapid during the first 24 hours. There was little, but measurable, transfer of radioactivity from radioactive males during induced copulation. The radioactive female deposited appreciable radioactivity with the eggs.
Correlation between Pulse Oximetry Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) and Measured Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO 2) and Arterial Oxygen Tension (PaOz) in Neonates

=Abstract=Pulse oximetry has recently been introduced as a method for continuous and non-invasive transcutaneous monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation in neonates. The purpose of our study was to determine the reliability, accuracy, and practicability of pulse oximetry for monitoring arterial oxygenation in sick newborn infants. Pulse oximetry oxygen saturation values (SpO2) were compared with simultaneously measured arterial oxygen saturation values (SaOz) by a co-oximeter. The linear regression equation for 65 data pairs was Y= 24.53 + 0.726X (r = 0.90, p ( 0.01). The difference between measured Sa02 and pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpOz) was 0.44% f 2.97% (mean f S.D.). The linear regression equation comparing measured SaO2 minus pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2) was Y=-23.09 + 0.258X (~0.58, p ( 0.01). This demonstrated an increasing error of pulse oximetry with decreasing SaO2. Pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpOz) also correlated well with measured arterial oxygen tension (PaOz), and the upper reach of the S-shaped hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve was clear. With a hypothetical alarm limit set at 92%, all hyperoxemic values (29129) were correctly identified (sensitivity 100%). Of the 78 paired values, 33 were classified correctly as nonhyperoxemic (specificity 42%), and a total of 62 (29 + 33) out of the 107 paired values were ranged correctly (accuracy 58%). The accuracy increased significantly with an increase in alarm limit up to 94%, and it remained stable thereafter. We conclude that pulse oximetry is a simple, accurate, noninvasive, and continuous method of transcutaneously measuring arterial oxygen saturation, and hyperoxemia can be detected by pulse oximetry with a high sensitivity provided that prior to use, type-specific alarm limits are set.
Proliferation in the epidermis of chelonians and growth of the horny scutes

The proliferation of the epidermis in soft skin, claws, and scutes of the carapace and plastron in the tortoise (Testudo hermanni) and the turtle (Chrysemys picta) were studied using autoradiographic and immunocytochemical methods. During the growing season, a basal keratinocyte in the epidermis of soft skin and claws takes 5–9 days to migrate into the corneous layer. In the tortoise, during fall/winter (resting season) a few alpha‐keratin cells are produced in soft epidermis and hinge regions among scutes and occasional beta‐keratin cells in the outer scute surface. When growth is resumed in spring (growing season), cell proliferation is intense, mainly around hinge regions and tips of marginal scutes. No scute shedding occurs and numerous beta‐keratin cells are produced around the hinge regions, while alpha‐keratin cells disappear. Beta‐cells form a new thick corneous layer around the hinge regions, which constitute the growing rings of scutes. Beta‐keratin cells produced in more central parts of scutes maintain a homogeneous thickness of the corneous layer along the whole scute surface. In the turtle, a more complicated process of scute growth occurs than in the tortoise. At the end of the growing season (late fall) the last keratinocytes formed beneath the old stratum corneum of the outer scale surface and hinge regions produce more alpha‐ than beta‐keratin. These thin alpha‐keratin cells form a scission layer below the old stratum corneum, which extends from the hinge regions toward the center of scutes and the tip of marginal scutes. In the resting season (fall/winter) most cells remain within the germinative layer of the carapace and plastron and a few alpha‐cells move in 7–9 days into the corneous layer above hinge regions. In the following spring/summer (growing season) a new generation of beta‐keratin cells is produced beneath the scission layer from the hinge region and more central part of the scutes. The epidermis of the inner surface of scutes and hinge regions contains most of the cells incorporating thymidine and histidine, while the remaining outer scute surface is less active. It takes 5–9 days for a newly produced beta‐cell to migrate into the corneous layer. These cells form a new corneous layer that extends the whole scute surface underneath the maturing scission layer. The latter contains lipids and eventually flakes off, determining shedding of the above outer corneous layer in late spring or summer. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cohort Profile: The Lymphoma Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) Cohort Study.

Cohort Profile: The Lymphoma Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) Cohort Study James R Cerhan,* Brian K Link, Thomas M Habermann, Matthew J Maurer, Andrew L Feldman, Sergei I Syrbu, Carrie A Thompson, Umar Farooq, Anne J Novak, Susan L Slager, Cristine Allmer, Julianne J Lunde, William R Macon, David J Inwards, Patrick B Johnston, Ivana NM Micallef, Grzegorz S Nowakowski, Stephen M Ansell, Neil E Kay, George J Weiner and Thomas E Witzig Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA, Department of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA and Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
What benefits does team sport hold for the workplace? A systematic review

ABSTRACT Physical inactivity is proven to be a risk factor for non-communicable diseases and all-cost mortality. Public health policy recommends community settings worldwide such as the workplace to promote physical activity. Despite the growing prevalence of workplace team sports, studies have not synthesised their benefits within the workplace. A systematic review was carried out to identify articles related to workplace team sports, including intervention, observational and qualitative studies. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings suggest team sport holds benefits not only for individual health but also for group cohesion and performance and organisational benefits such as the increased work performance. However, it is unclear how sport is most associated with these benefits as most of the studies included poorly described samples and unclear sports activities. Our review highlights the need to explore and empirically understand the benefits of workplace team sport for individual, group and organisational health outcomes. Researches carried out in this field must provide details regarding their respective samples, the sports profile and utilise objective measures (e.g., sickness absence register data, accelerometer data).
Structural and optical properties of InAs/AlAsSb quantum dots with GaAs(Sb) cladding layers

We investigate the effect of GaAs1−xSbx cladding layer composition on the growth and properties of InAs self-assembled quantum dots surrounded by AlAs0.56Sb0. 44 barriers. Lowering Sb-content in the GaAs1−xSbx improves the morphology of the InAs quantum dots and reduces cladding layer alloy fluctuations. The result is a dramatic increase in photoluminescence intensity from the InAs quantum dots, with a peak at 0.87 eV. The emission energy exhibits a cube root dependence on excitation power, consistent with the type-II band alignment of the quantum dots. The characteristics of this quantum dot system show promise for applications such as intermediate band solar cells.
Diagnostic Evaluation of Diffuse Gliomas

Diffuse gliomas are preferentially located in the subcortical or deep white matter of the cerebral hemispheres and are the most frequent CNS neoplasms accounting for approximately 60 per cent of all CNS tumors (CBTRUS 2011). This definition excludes the circumscribed and biological different pilocytic astrocytoma and pilomyxoid astrocytoma which are covered in a separate chapter in this book. Other rare distinct glial neoplasms with a favourable prognosis such as the subependymal giant cell astrocytoma of lateral ventricles and the pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma of children and young adults also do not belong into the group of diffuse gliomas. Ependymomas indeed are diffuse growing glial neoplasms but are biologically different. Moreover they appear in a different population as astrocytic and oligodendroglial neoplasms. Because of space limitations the current chapter deals only with astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, oligoastrocytomas and glioblastomas. These tumors are grouped here under the umbrella term “diffuse gliomas”. They have a predilection for frontal and temporal lobes accounting together for more than two third of all cases. However diffuse astrocytomas may be seen in any other region of the brain including cerebellum and spinal cord (Louis et al., 2007a). Although serious advances in neuroimaging of these brain tumors have been made in the past, histopathologic evaluation of neurosurgically removed tumor specimens is still required for definite diagnosis of diffuse gliomas. These CNS tumors show an extensive variety of histologcial and cytological appearance making diagnosis somewhat difficult for those who are not familiar in working with brain tumors. The current chapter focuses on neuropathological features of the different types of diffusely infiltrating gliomas based on the latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the nervous system. Core features and distinct pattern and variants are also introduced and illustrated. Immunohistochemistry and molecular biology have contributed to an improved classification and shown in some cases to be of prognostic value. The advantages and limitations of the most commonly used antibodies such as GFAP, WT1, MAP2, MIB-1, P53, IDH1R132H; NOGO-A are discussed in the current chapter. Molecular analysis of 1p19q codeletion, MGMT promoter methylation, Tp53 and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations are presented in detail and their implications are discussed.
Posterior Iliac Osteotomy in Ischiopagus Tetrapus Twins

Eight hemipelvises in ischiopagus tetrapus conjoined twins were assessed retrospectively to determine whether posterior iliac osteotomy is appropriate to reconstruct pelvic symmetry. Although clinical and radiological similarity exists with classic bladder exstrophy, axial and three-dimensional computed tomography showed the pelvic deformity to be very different. In classic bladder exstrophy, the deformity is one of shortening and external rotation of the anterior segment, and external rotation of the posterior segment. The deformity in the ischiopagus tetrapus pelvis is purely one of external rotation of the posterior segment. Posterior iliac osteotomy alone was therefore able to restore pelvic symmetry in seven of the eight hemipelvises, and prevented rediastasis of the symphysis pubis in all patients.
Increased psychosocial risk, depression and reduced quality of life living with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND The psychosocial impact of living with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the overall quality of life (QOL), mood, perceived social support and psychosocial risk of having a diagnosis of ADPKD in a patient cohort from a major UK nephrology centre serving a large catchment population. METHODS A postal questionnaire was sent to 349 patients registered at the Sheffield Kidney Institute with chronic kidney disease but not on renal replacement therapy (RRT). The questionnaire incorporated three validated forms: kidney disease quality-of-life short form (KDQOL SF1.3) to assess QOL; nine-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ9) to screen for depression; multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) to evaluate perceived social support; as well as a novel genetic psychosocial risk instrument (GPRI-ADPKD) designed to study the specific psychosocial impact of coping with a diagnosis of ADPKD. RESULTS The overall response rate was 53%. Patients with a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (<30 mL/min) or larger kidneys (mean length on ultrasound ≥17 cm) reported reduced QOL and increased psychosocial risk. Clinically significant depression was reported in 22% and 62% felt guilty about passing ADPKD on to their children. In multivariate analysis, female gender was associated with overall poorer psychosocial well-being, whereas increasing age, lower kidney function, larger kidneys and loss of a first degree relative from ADPKD were additional risk factors for QOL, depression or psychosocial risk, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a significantly poorer QOL and increasing psychosocial risk with markers of disease progression in patients, particularly women, with ADPKD prior to starting RRT. The future management strategy of ADPKD should address these issues and provide for better individual and family support throughout the patient journey.