Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing perceptions of climate risk and adaptation among small farmers in Oregon's Willamette Valley

Abstract Farmers, particularly small farmers, are on the frontlines of climate change. In Oregon's Southern Willamette Valley, a needs assessment was conducted of small farmers in 2017, where questions related to climate change risks, attitudes toward adaptation and climate beliefs were assessed. Out of all the respondents (n = 123), the majority (70%) believe that climate change is occurring, and is caused mostly by human activities. The majority (58%) also strongly agree with the statement that they will have to change practices to cope with increasing climate variability in order to ensure the long-term success of their operation. Another 52% of these respondents indicated that they have already taken action to respond to climate change on their farms. However, only 32% of respondents agreed with the statement that they have the knowledge and skills to deal with weather-related threats to their operation. While this work is preliminary and not comprehensive, our findings suggest that these small farmers are concerned about climate change, readily accept the science as compared to other farmer groups in the USA, and are looking for additional tools and resource to increase their confidence in responding to the challenges they will face as a consequence of climate change.
The Correlates of International Financial‐Center Status

We consider the correlates of international financial‐center status. Our estimates point to the flexibility, transparency, and stability of the economic and social environment as determinants of financial center‐status. They point also to roles for monetary and financial stability, financial openness, financial scale and development, technology and size of government. We draw out the implications of this analysis for the future prospects of actual and aspiring international financial centers such as London, New York, and Shanghai.
Matching Subsidies and Voluntary Contributions: A Review

This paper provides a synthesis of the experimental literature on matching subsidies in the context of charitable giving. We classify results according to four different outcome variables frequently considered in the literature and address (i) short&#8208;term effects of linear matching, (ii) the role of the matching rate, (iii) context&#8208;dependence of behavioural responses, (iv) the relevance of the price of giving, (v) long&#8208;term effects and (vi) nonlinear matching schemes. Based on this comprehensive review, we highlight several avenues for future research, such as putting stronger emphasis on competition in fundraising, long&#8208;term effects or heterogeneity in responses.
Capturing Family Firm Heterogeneity: How Taxonomies and Typologies Can Help the Field Move Forward

As the field of family business continues to mature, it is not surprising that there is a growing recognition of the degree of heterogeneity among family firms. While many earlier studies focused on differences between family and nonfamily firms, more and more research is centered on identifying the sources and types of variance among family firms. Given the increasing need to better understand differences among family firms, we propose that a configurational approach, which is often reflected in typologies (which are conceptually developed) or taxonomies (which are empirically derived), is a particularly useful perspective to examine within-group heterogeneity. Thus, the goal of this special issue on “Typologies and Taxonomies of Family Business” is to (1) highlight the utility of using typologies and taxonomies in advancing family business research and (2) promote the use of these approaches in fostering a better understanding of the heterogeneity that exists among family firms, and how this heterogeneity might be linked to important organizational outcomes. With these goals in mind, this commentary provides a review of articles in the extant family business literature that have used typologies or taxonomic classifications to describe family businesses. Our review lays the foundation for the subsequent presentation of a synopsis of each of the four articles contained within the special issue. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of suggestions for future research using typologies and taxonomies and their application to family firm heterogeneity. We start by discussing the most common approach used.
Understanding Nocturnal Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Youth

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Dr. Patrice Saab. No. of pages in text (110) In adolescents, nocturnal ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) provides a rich and informative picture of cardiovascular health and risk. This study modeled nocturnal ABP taken during one night using multi-level growth modeling. A combination of demographic, daytime, clinical, and sleep related variables were also included as interindividual predictors of nighttime blood pressure regulation. Adolescents (N = 252) were obtained from three larger studies addressed cardiovascular risk in youth attending public high schools in Miami-Dade County. Participants included in this study completed a baseline medical screening, initial ABP assessment visit and had at least one ABP reading taken during sleep. Within a multi-level growth model, time since sleep was included as a Level 1 variable to establish the pattern of nocturnal blood pressure decline. Next at Level 2, demographic (i.e. race/ethnicity, gender, SES), daytime (i.e., school attendance, substance use, stress encountered during the day), and clinical (i.e. obesity, metabolic syndrome, fitness, parental/family history of hypertension) variables were added as predictors of both the intercepts and instantaneous rates of blood pressure decline. Lastly, in a smaller sample of participants who completed sleep quality measures (N = 101), sleep related variables (i.e. normality of this sampled sleep, sleep environment, sleep disturbances) were added as predictors of instantaneous rates of blood
School-based Agricultural Education Teachers’ Perceived Professional Development Needs Associated with Teaching, Classroom Management, and Technical Agriculture.

Across the nation, there is a large shortage of teachers in several subject areas (Daniel, 2015; Milliard, 2015; Sutcher, Darling-Hammond, & Carver-Thomas, 2016). In agricultural education, many teachers are leaving the profession within the first five years of beginning their teaching careers (Tippens, Ricketts, Morgan, Navaro, & Flanders, 2013). Professional development opportunities for teachers can be utilized to retain teachers in the profession (Touchstone, 2015). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the professional development needs of Iowa school-based agricultural education teachers in the areas of teaching, classroom management, and technical agriculture. Motivating students to learn, teaching in a land laboratory, proper implementation of Individualized Education Program (IEP) for students with disabilities, teaching students decision-making skills, and developing performance-based assessment instruments were the teaching and classroom management items that SBAE teachers expressed the highest perceived levels of professional development needs. The items with the highest perceived training needs were teaching knowledge and skills in biotechnology, integrating current advances in agriculture technology into the curriculum, teaching knowledge and skills in agribusiness, teaching about public issues regarding agriculture, and teaching knowledge and skills in agricultural mechanic. Future research should be conducted to determine what agriculture technology and biotechnology professional development is needed by in-service teachers.
Impact of Managerial Influence Tactics on Job Creativity and Performance: A Focus on Korean Airline Service Employees

Little is known about the effectiveness of managerial influence tactics on job creativity and performance in the airline industry. Based on previous research, eleven hypotheses and a theoretical model was conducted under the assumption that individual influence tactics affect job creativity, job creativity has a positive influence on job performance, and job creativity mediates both influence tactics and job performance. This study implemented a quantitative method using multiple regression analysis, a three-step multiple regression analysis, and a Sobel test. According to an empirical method, among nine total influence tactics, inspirational appeals, ingratiation, exchange, and pressure acted as crucial drivers of job creativity, which had the greatest influence on job performance. Job creativity also had a mediating effect. On the other hand, the tactic of legitimating also positively influenced job creativity unlike previous studies. These findings may help managers by providing some insights for promoting job creativity and performance.
CULTURAL PARTICIPATION IN THE MAIN COLOMBIAN CITIES, 2008-2015

This paper aims to explain the evolution of the cultural participation in Colombia between 2018 and 2015, and to empirically analyse the factors associated to the decision of participating in cultural activities in the five main cities during this period. In Bogota, Cali, Medellin, Barranquilla and Cartagena, half of the urban population resides. The effects of a set of individual variables, household and context are evaluated, exploring alongside the traditional determinants, a set of new variables such as the kind of education that children receive, the poverty situation and others concerning the habitat, the social capital and macroeconomic ones. Microdata from households from the Quality of Life Survey – from programmes of citizen monitoring- are used, with which a binomial model is estimated. The results highlight the importance of including the context variables so as to widen the knowledge of the individual decisions of participation.
Impact of mixed precision and storage layout on additive Schwarz smoothers

The growing discrepancy between CPU computing power and memory bandwidth drives more and more numerical algorithms into a bandwidth‐bound regime. One example is the overlapping Schwarz smoother, a highly effective building block for iterative multigrid solution of elliptic equations with higher order finite elements. Two options of reducing the required memory bandwidth are sparsity exploiting storage layouts and representing matrix entries with reduced precision in floating point or fixed point format. We investigate the impact of several options on storage demand and contraction rate, both analytically in the context of subspace correction methods and numerically at an example of solid mechanics. Both perspectives agree on the favourite scheme: fixed point representation of Cholesky factors in nested dissection storage.
Fighter aircraft acquisition in Croatia: failure of policy delivery

ABSTRACT The possibility for Croatia to obtain new fighter aircraft is not new, as this option has been publicly debated for at least a decade. A sudden decision to advance the acquisition of a limited number of fighter aircraft was made in 2017 with an international tendering process concluding in early 2018. Through open source material, this paper will look at this procurement process by examining the relationship between policy and strategic thinking on the one side, and policy delivery on the other, and evaluate why the tendering process failed in achieving envisaged results. The paper concludes that the problems facing the Croatian aircraft acquisition process stem from at least two interrelated factors: firstly, at the operational level, the failure of the procurement was the direct result of mismanaged tendering procedures linked to the wider public administration reform process; and secondly, at the strategic level, inherently complex civil-military relations and related cultural aspects which have not been adequately addressed over the past decades. The result was a failure to deliver on government policy, something which this paper argues will need to be addressed over the medium to long term.
Business cycle co-movements and transmission channels: evidence from China

Abstract This article examines the impacts of international trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) and industrial structure on international business cycle co-movements between China and its major trading partners. We investigate the principal transmission factors of business cycle co-movements and their contributions to China’s economic growth in the context of economic globalization. Through studying the 27 major trading partners during 1990–2015, we find that, from China’s perspective, the synchronization tendency was continuously growing before the 2008 financial crisis but slowed down or even reversed after the crisis. Bilateral trade intensity and FDI intensity contributed more to cyclical co-movement behaviors between China and its emerging market partners, but less to economic synchronization between China and its advanced economic partners. Industrial structure similarity, on the contrary, could explain the co-movement behaviors between China and its advanced economic partners, but not emerging market partners. China’s past economic growth was also significantly correlated with the economic performance of its non-Asian trading partners, but not Asian neighbors.
Aggregate Confusion: The Divergence of ESG Ratings

This paper investigates the divergence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings. Based on data from six prominent rating agencies - namely, KLD (MSCI Stats), Sustainalytics, Vigeo Eiris (Moody's), RobecoSAM (SP Global), Asset4 (Refinitiv), and MSCI IVA- we decompose the divergence into three sources: different scope of categories, different measurement of categories, and different weights of categories. We find that scope and measurement divergence are the main drivers, while weights divergence is less important. In addition, we detect a rater effect where a rater's overall view of a firm influences the assessment of specific categories.
Who Has School Spirit? Explaining Voter Participation in School Board Elections

Abstract This research note examines the correlates of turnout in Canadian school board elections. Using individual-level data from the Canadian Municipal Election Study, we find that gender, education, left-wing ideology, Conservative partisanship and parental status were associated with participation in Calgary's 2017 public school board elections. Some of these patterns relate to the specific details of Calgary's 2017 election; others, we suggest, may be characteristic of school board elections more generally. We relate our findings to the literature on ballot roll-off and low-turnout elections. Résumé Cette note de recherche examine les corrélats de la participation aux élections des conseils scolaires au Canada. Selon les données individuelles tirées de l'Étude sur les élections municipales canadiennes, nous constatons que le sexe, le niveau de scolarité, l'idéologie de gauche, la partisanerie conservatrice et la qualité parentale étaient associés à la participation aux élections des conseils scolaires publics de 2017 à Calgary. Certaines de ces tendances sont liées aux détails particuliers de l'élection de 2017 à Calgary ; d'autres, à notre avis, pourraient être caractéristiques des élections des conseils scolaires en général. Nous faisons le lien entre nos constatations et la bibliographie sur les élections à faible taux de participation et l'annulation des bulletins de vote.
Industry 4.0 adoption as a moderator of the impact of lean production practices on operational performance improvement

The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating role of Industry 4.0 technologies on the relationship between lean production (LP) and operational performance improvement within Brazil, a developing economy context. ,One representative from each of the 147 studied manufacturing companies filled in a survey on three internally related lean practice bundles and two Industry 4.0 technology bundles, with safety, delivery, quality, productivity and inventory as performance indicators. As this study was grounded on the contingency theory, multivariate data analyses were performed, controlling for four contingencies. ,Industry 4.0 moderates the effect of LP practices on operational performance improvement, but in different directions. Process-related technologies negatively moderate the effect of low setup practices on performance, whereas product/service-related technologies positively moderate the effect of flow practices on performance. ,With the advent of Industry 4.0, companies have been channelling their efforts to achieve superior performance by advancing levels of automation and interconnectivity. Eventually, widespread and proven manufacturing approaches, like LP, will integrate such technologies which may, in turn, impair or favour operational performance. Contrary to previous studies, the contingencies appeared to have a less extensive effect. The authors point to various options for further study across different socio-economic contexts. This study evidenced that purely technological adoption will not lead to distinguished results. LP practices help in the installation of organisational habits and mindsets that favour systemic process improvements, supporting the design and control of manufacturers’ operations management towards the fourth industrial revolution era.
Sustaining Yield of Winter Wheat under Alternate Irrigation Using Saline Water at Different Growth Stages: A Case Study in the North China Plain

Brackish water used for irrigation can restrict crop growth and lead to environmental problems. The alternate irrigation with saline water at different growth stages is still not well understood. Therefore, field trials were conducted during 2015–2018 in the NCP to investigate whether alternate irrigation is practicable for winter wheat production. The treatments comprised rain-fed cultivation (NI), fresh and saline water irrigation (FS), saline and fresh water irrigation (SF), saline water irrigation (SS) and fresh water irrigation (FF). The results showed that the grain yield was increased by 20% under SF and FS treatments compared to NI, while a minor decrease of 2% in grain yield was observed compared with FF treatment. The increased soil salinity and risk of long-term salt accumulation in the soil due to alternate irrigation during peak dry periods was insignificant due to leaching of salts from crop root zone during monsoon season. Although Na+ concentration in the leaves increased with saline irrigation, resulting in significantly lower K+:Na+ ratio in the leaves, the Na+ and K+ concentrations in the roots and grains were not affected. In conclusion, the alternate irrigation for winter wheat is a most promising option to harvest more yield and save fresh water resources.
Debt Dynamics and Credit Risk

The dynamics of debt are crucial in structural models of credit risk, and this paper provides a theoretical and empirical examination of these dynamics. Empirically, the future level of debt in US industrial firms is negatively related to current leverage. Furthermore, when a firm experiences a negative shock to it's equity, debt increases in the short run but declines in the long run. We incorporate these dynamics of debt into a structural model of credit risk and compare the term structure of default rates and credit spreads with those in existing models. The model improves the ability to capture the level of credit spreads particularly at short maturities.
Is the coprescription of blockers and 2 agonists justified in COPD

Dransfield and colleagues1 advocate the use of β blockers even in patients admitted with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but certain points need further discussion. Their retrospective analysis highlights the discordance in practice that exists between cardiologist and pulmonologist. Indeed, the former is keen to commence β blockers in patients with a wide range of cardiovascular diseases …
Foreign Competition and Acquisitions

Abstract I provide evidence on the impact of foreign competition on firms' propensities to engage in mergers and acquisitions. Using import tariff reductions as exogenous shocks that increase foreign competition, I find that affected firms are more likely to make acquisitions following tariff reductions. Cross-sectional tests show that this association is more pronounced for single segment firms, capital intensive firms, firms with higher profit margins, and firms with better growth opportunities, which suggests that this association is stronger for firms that are affected by increased competition to a greater extent and firms that stand to gain more from acquisitions when faced with increased competition. Moreover, the positive relation between acquisition propensities and tariff cuts is more pronounced for financially unconstrained firms and during times of high capital liquidity, which implies that it is easier for firms with greater access to capital to respond to increases in foreign competition by making acquisitions. Finally, I find some evidence that the acquisitions made in response to tariff decreases are associated with better firm profitability ratios in the following year, indicating that firms respond to increased competition by making acquisitions to improve their operational efficiency.
Sustainability of Service Intermediary Platform Ecosystems: Analysis and Simulation of Japanese Hotel Booking Platform-Based Markets

To achieve both a large number of platform users and the sustainability of service intermediation platform ecosystems, this study attempts to clarify appropriate platform fee settings and promising market types. It focuses on hotel-booking platforms and platform-based markets. We conduct agent-based simulation experiments with the conditions of (a) platform fee setting, (b) supply and demand balance, and (c) the consumer type categorized as “mandatorily” purchasing consumers (e.g., business travelers whose purchase of a hotel service is mandatory) and “optionally” purchasing consumers (who can refuse services if their requirements are not satisfied). Our simulation results reveal that when the platforms focus on mandatorily purchasing consumers, they could acquire larger platform users through fee settings, depending on the balance of supply and demand; however, they could not maintain ecosystem sustainability in any of the cases. When the platform focuses on optionally purchasing consumers, it can achieve both a large number of platform users and ecosystem sustainability with platform fee settings of consumer incentives, especially in excessive supply markets.