Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pre-trip vs. post-trip destination image variations: A case of inbound tourists to Tanzania

Despite the conceptual indications of destination image to vary with factors like travel status and tourist behaviour, there are few studies that have empirically researched the variations in destination image particularly in emerging destinations like those in Africa. Th is study aimed at testing the variation of preand post trip destination image held by inbound travellers to Tanzania. Four hypotheses were defi ned to test variation of destination image with travel status, destination familiarity, planning horizon, and sources of travel information. Data were collected from departing inbound tourists at major international airports using a self-administered questionnaire. Data from 294 dully fi lled questionnaires were subjected to descriptive tests, t-tests and ANOVA tests. Th e hypotheses testing the variation between pre and post destination image, visitation status, and planning horizon were partly rejected. Th e results indicate the post-trip destination image to be more favourable compared to the pre-trip image for some attributes. Diff erences in image were noted to vary between fi rst time and repeat visitors, particularly those related to adventure, natural attractions, and the easiness in intradestination travel. Generally, as the planning horizon increases the destination image becomes more favourable. Th e variation of destination image with sources of travel information was not upheld by the results. Th e results provide insights into destination marketing and destination experience management to tourism stakeholders.
ABO and Rhesus blood groups in potential blood donors at Durgapur Steel city of the district of Burdwan, West Bengal

1. Boratyńska M, Banasik M, Hałoń A, Patrzałek D, Klinger M. Blood group Lewis alloantibodies cause antibody-mediated rejection in Table 1: Antigram, three red cell panel shows Cell II and III positive reaction Rh-hr Kell Duffy Kidd Lewis P MNS Luth LISS 370C D C E c E Cw K k kpa kpb Jsa Jsb Fya Fyb Jka Jkb Lea Leb P1 M N S s Lua Lub IAT + 0 0 0 + 0 + + 0 + 0 + 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 + + 0 + 0 + 0 + + + + 0 0 0 + 0 + 0 + + + + 0 + + + + 0 + + 0 + 2+ 0 0 0 + + 0 0 + 0 + 0 + + 0 0 + 0 + 0 + + 0 + 0 + 2+
Source and feeding level of nitrogen on growth and carcass characteristics of beef steers fed grass as hay or silage.

Sixty medium-framed Hereford steers averaging 243 kg were used in an experiment including a growing period (28 wk) and a finishing period ending when the animals had approximately 4 to 10 mm of fat thickness (Canadian grade A1). Steers were assigned randomly to a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments for 28 wk (growing period). From the end of the growing period until slaughter, all steers received the same diet to study the residual effect of treatments fed during growth. Treatments during the growing phase consisted of two types of forage conservation (silage or hay) and three levels of protein supplement (0, 200 g of fish meal plus 43 g of urea, or 400 g of fish meal). There was an interaction (P less than .05) between forage conservation and protein supplementation for BW gain during the growing phase; the greatest gain was by steers fed silage and 400 g of fish meal (.87 kg/d). There was no difference in BW gain among animals fed the hay diets, which averaged . 75 kg/d. Body weight gain during the finishing phase, and for the overall experiment, was affected only by forage conservation; greater gains were made by steers fed silage during the growth phase. Protein supplementation did not affect performance in either the finishing phase or overall. Carcass composition did not differ among treatments, and time spent on the finishing phase tended to be less (P less than .08) for steers fed silage plus 400 g of fish meal during the growth phase.
Chronic Hepatitis B Monitoring and Treatment Patterns in Five European Countries with Different Access and Reimbursement Policies

Background In Europe, health-care policies are determined at a national level and differ between countries. This analysis from a prospective, longitudinal, non-interventional study aimed to describe patterns in the clinical monitoring and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in five European countries. Methods Country-specific cohorts of adult patients with compensated CHB managed in clinics in Germany, France, Poland, Romania and Turkey were followed for up to 2 years between March 2008 and December 2010. Results A total of 1,267 patients were included. Baseline age and gender distribution were similar across countries for patients who were treated (n=567) and untreated (n=700) at baseline. Most treated patients were receiving monotherapy at baseline, most frequently with entecavir or tenofovir in Germany, France and Turkey, and with lamivudine in Poland and Romania. Use of pegylated interferon was more frequent in Poland and Romania than in other countries. In Romania monotherapy with entecavir increased after it became reimbursed in 2008. Hospitalizations during follow-up were more frequent in Romania (1.45 hospital days/patient-year) and Poland (1.81 days/patient-year) than in Turkey, France and Germany (0.00, 0.05 and 0.10 days/patient-year, respectively); clinic visits were more frequent in Poland (3.20 versus 0.30–1.78 visits/patient-year across other countries). Conclusions These results illustrate country-specific patterns in the management of CHB patients across Europe. Observed monitoring patterns, hospitalization rates and other health-care utilization may be related to cost and reimbursement issues; however, further study in individual countries would be required to con-firm these (post hoc) observations.
Revisiting the immunomodulators tacrolimus, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil: Their mechanisms of action and role in the treatment of IBD

&NA; Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are thought to result from unopposed immune responses to normal gut flora in a genetically susceptible host. A variety of immunomodulating therapies are applied for the treatment of patients with IBDs. The first‐line treatment for IBDs consists of 5‐aminosalicylate and/or budesonide. However, these first‐line therapies are often not suitable for continuous treatment or do not suffice for the treatment of severe IBD. Recently, efforts have been made to generate novel selective drugs that are more effective and have fewer side effects. Despite promising results, most of these novel drugs are still in a developmental stage and unavailable for clinical application. Yet, another class of established immunomodulators exists that is successful in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. While waiting for emerging novel therapies, the use of these more established drugs should be considered. Furthermore, one of the advantages of using established immunomodulators is the well‐documented knowledge on the long‐term side effects and on the mechanisms of action. In this review, the authors discuss 3 well‐known immunomodulators that are being applied with increased frequency for the treatment of IBD: tacrolimus, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil. These agents have been used for many years as treatment modalities for immunosuppression after organ transplantation, for the treatment of cancer, and for immunomodulation in several other immune‐mediated diseases. First, this review discusses the potential targets for immunomodulating therapies in IBDs. Second, the immunomodulating mechanisms and effects of the 3 immunomodulators are discussed in relationship to these treatment targets.
Hop-by-hop control for reliable data dissemination in wireless sensor networks

In many sensor applications such as intruder tracking, reliable data dissemination is necessary. Existing studies in ad hoc networks generally apply end-to-end control for reliability. This approach however could not adapt to wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Existing studies in WSNs generally apply multi-path approach for reliability. This approach however only increases probability but could not assure data dissemination. In typical WSNs, data are delivered from a source node to a destination node on routing path that is fixed within a certain period of time. This routing path is well-matched with notion of virtual circuit. Approaches based on virtual circuit traditionally use hop-by-hop control for reliable data dissemination. In this paper, we apply notion of virtual circuit to WSNs and propose hop-by-hop control for reliable data dissemination. The proposed scheme consists of three major functionalities: virtual circuit construction, hop-by-hop control, and virtual circuit management. Virtual circuit construction make sure constructing fixed routing path by routing table. Hop-by-hop control guarantees data transmission between two nodes, i.e. one hop, on virtual circuit by error detection and retransmission. Virtual circuit management prevents disconnecting circuit by reconstructing circuit. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is efficient in terms of data delivery ratio and energy consumption.
The impact of information and communication technology service quality on customer satisfaction in the banking sector of Nigeria

Service quality and customer satisfaction are two important theories that an organisation should constantly be abreast of to improve service delivery and competitiveness. Service quality has been one of the primary concerns of banks globally; this has necessitated stiff competition and has led to the introduction of new means of carrying out banking operations in Nigeria. The performance of banks determines the rate at which they attract and retain customers. It is evident that customers are important stakeholders in the bank, and their satisfaction is a priority for management. Based on findings revealed that ICT service quality has a significant impact on customer satisfaction in the banking sector in Nigeria. Convenience sampling technique was used to collect quantitative data from customers of banks to get their satisfaction levels. Each ServeQual Dimension was used to test the significant relationship it has on customer satisfaction. The findings suggest banks to keep improving and innovating ICT service quality to enhance their methods of operations to serve customers better.
Aspects of rumen microbiology central to mechanistic modelling of methane production in cattle

SUMMARY Methane, in addition to being a significant source of energy loss to the animal that can range from 0·02 to 0·12 of gross energy intake, is one of the major greenhouse gases being targeted for reduction by the Kyoto protocol. Thus, one of the focuses of recent research in animal science has been to develop or improve existing methane prediction models in order to increase overall understanding of the system and to evaluate mitigation strategies for methane reduction. Several dynamic mechanistic models of rumen function have been developed which contain hydrogen gas balance sub-models from which methane production can be predicted. These models predict methane production with varying levels of success and in many cases could benefit from further development. Central to methane prediction is accurate volatile fatty acid prediction, representation of the competition for substrate usage within the rumen, as well as descriptions of protozoal dynamics and pH. Most methane models could also largely benefit from an expanded description of lipid metabolism and hindgut fermentation. The purpose of the current review is to identify key aspects of rumen microbiology that could be incorporated into, or have improved representation within, a model of ruminant digestion and environmental emissions.
Lexical representations in children with SLI: evidence from a frequency-manipulated gating task.

PURPOSE This study investigated lexical representations of children with specific language impairment (SLI) and typically developing, chronological age-matched (CA) peers on a frequency-manipulated gating task. The study tested the hypothesis that children with SLI have holistic phonological representations of words, that is, that children with SLI would exhibit smaller effects of neighborhood density on gating durations than CA peers and that children with SLI would be as efficient as CA peers in accessing high-frequency words but that they would differ from their age-matched peers in accessing low-frequency words. METHOD Thirty-two children (ages 8;5-12;3 [years;months]) participated: 16 children with SLI and 16 typically developing peers matched on age and nonverbal IQ. Children's word guesses after different gating durations were investigated. RESULTS Contrary to predictions, no group differences in effects of distributional regularity were found: Children in both groups required equally longer acoustic chunks to access words that were low in frequency and came from dense neighborhoods. However, children with SLI appeared to vacillate between multiple word candidates at significantly later gates when compared with children in the CA group. CONCLUSIONS Children with SLI did not exhibit evidence for phonologically holistic lexical representations. Instead, they appeared more vulnerable to competing words.
The Exploration of the Lived Experience of the Graduate Nurse Making the Transition to Registered Nurse During the First Year of Practice

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the transition period of graduate nurses. A phenomenological research approach was used to explore the lived experiences of graduate nurses during their first year of employment. Content analysis resulted in five thematic areas identified as indicators of a positive transition experience. The findings of this study provide information for staff development instructors, nurse managers, and nurse administrators in identifying practice environment characteristics and initiatives that promote a positive transition period for graduate nurses and increased retention in initial areas of nursing practice.
Essays on tunneling, investor protection, and ownership concentration

Tunneling behavior, which is defined as the transfer of assets and profits out of a firm for the benefit of the firm's controlling shareholders, has become the focus of increasing attention in the theoretical and empirical literature. There are some corporate governance procedures, however, that help to protect investors against tunneling. This paper applies agency theory to study how the two basic mechanisms - legal protection on investor rights and ownership concentration - work together to constrain tunneling in a system of corporate governance. Analytical results in this paper show that tunneling is negatively related to the effectiveness of investor protection, while the relation between tunneling and ownership concentration is non-monotonic because both outcomes are determined by fundamentals including the effectiveness of investor protection, firm return and volatility of return, firm size, controllers' attitude towards risk, etc.After describing the theoretical framework in detail, the rest of the dissertation is taken up in assembling and assessing various pieces of evidence to see whether or not the predictions from the model are consistent with empirical evidence. I discuss several well-known cases of tunneling in the U.S. and Western European countries to show how tunneling happens in developed countries with good law enforcement and how tunneling is treated differently by different legal systems.The model makes several predictions about the determinants of corporate ownership concentration that are examined empirically. I study both cross-country and within-country variations in corporate ownership concentration with two newly constructed data sets. The first dataset contains 3875 public companies across states in the U.S. over a 10-year period (1992~2002) and the second dataset covers 1070 stock companies across 45 countries (regions) in a 10-year period (1992~2002). I find that corporate ownership concentration varies systematically with the effectiveness of investor protection and with firm-specific fundamentals such as firm size, firm return, and volatility of firm return in ways that are consistent with the model's predictions.JEL classification: G34; G32; D23; K49; L25; O51
Cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: ultrasonographic and clinical characteristics.

BACKGROUND The cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (cmvPTC) is rare. There are few if any studies of the ultrasonographic (US) features of cmvPTC. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristic US and clinical features of the cmvPTC. METHODS A retrospective review of the US and clinical features was performed on 18 surgically confirmed cmvPTCs in five patients who were seen at our institution between January 2000 and December 2010. RESULTS All patients were female with a mean age of 28 years (range, 19-46 years). Two patients presented with palpable lesions, and the other patients were incidentally detected during screening US. On US, the majority of nodules had well-defined, oval to round shapes, and were hypoechoic and solid without calcifications. However, 6 (33.3%) of 18 nodules did have a cystic change. The size of the lesions varied from 0.3 to 3.0 cm (mean, 1.11 cm). None of the nodules were diagnosed as malignant based on the US criteria, but all except one patient had a cytology of their thyroid nodules that was read as malignant, without revealing the subtype of their PTC. Two of the five patients had familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), and they had bilateral multiple nodules. No metastatic lymph nodes or extrathyroidal extension were identified. To date, none of the patients has had recurrence or metastasis during their mean follow-up of 25 months after thyroidectomy. CONCLUSION It appears that most cases of cmvPTC do not have features of malignancy on US and that they are indolent tumors as far as their clinical and histological features are concerned.
Modeling of Tunnelling Currents in Hf-Based Gate Stacks as a Function of Temperature and Extraction of Material Parameters

In this paper, we show that through electrical characterization and detailed quantum simulations of the capacitance-voltage and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, it is possible to extract a series of material parameters of alternative gate dielectrics. We have focused on HfO2 and HfSiXOYNZ gate stacks and have extracted information on the nature of localized states in the dielectric responsible for a trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) current component and for the temperature behavior of the I-V characteristics. Simulations are based on a one-dimensional Poisson-Schroumldinger solver capable to provide the pure tunneling current and TAT component. Energy and capture cross section of traps responsible for TAT current have been extracted
Talent Management Systems in Indian Pharmaceutical Firms: Exploring an Emerging Typology

In this paper, the researcher explored the implementation of talent management process in pharmaceutical industry in India through a case study approach. Data was collected from top management and senior managers in HR, marketing and sales, research and development, operations and quality functions through 30 semi-structured interviews. The data was examined using a conceptual framework derived from extant literature in talent management. The analysis dimensions included talent management practices, talent management mechanisms, talent pool strategy, and relationship with business strategy, organizational performance and competitive advantage. The dimensions were used to arrive at a framework which emphasized two drivers of talent management effectiveness – degree of integration and organizational goal alignment. The alternate systems of talent management which emerged from the combination of these two dimensions were labeled as contingency-based, results-oriented, activity-based and vision-driven talent management. Based on the emergent framework and extant research, a set of practices have been proposed which could enhance the effectiveness of talent management processes in organizations.
Travelers' Intent to Use Mobile Technologies as a Function of Effort and Performance Expectancy

Due to the nature of the tourism product (inherently experiential, intangible, and heterogeneous) and the substantial geographical distances, trial prior to the purchase decision is almost impossible. These kinds of distances could be overcome by information about the product, which is available in advance and can be gathered by the consumer. The upsurge of mobile technology is providing great flexibility for the tourism industry and travelers who have hierarchical needs for information beyond the extent or extension of alternative user-centered information channels and other support systems on the road. Current research of the use of mobile technology in tourism has focused on design and technological issues of mobile guides. Little research has been conducted to understand travelers' attitude and use patterns. This research aims to apply the key concepts of technology acceptance model (TAM) to understand how user experience, performance, and effort expectation interplay with user intention. Using structural equation modeling on online survey data, six hypotheses which describe the relationships between the variables of the model were tested. The results indicated that the proposed model could well predict the tourists' intentions toward mobile device usage for their next trip. travelers' intentions to use mobile devices primarily depended on performance expectancy rather than effort expectancy. Previous information and communication technologies (ICT) usage and trip experience were positively related to the performance expectancy and effort expectancy, respectively. The indirect effects of previous ICT usage and previous trip experience on behavioral intention were further identified.
Using ballistocardiography to measure cardiac performance: a brief review of its history and future significance

Ballistocardiography (BCG) is a non‐invasive technology that has been used to record ultra‐low‐frequency vibrations of the heart allowing for the measurement of cardiac cycle events including timing and amplitudes of contraction. Recent developments in BCG have made this technology simple to use, as well as time‐ and cost‐efficient in comparison with other more complicated and invasive techniques used to evaluate cardiac performance. Recent technological advances are considerably greater since the advent of microprocessors and laptop computers. Along with the history of BCG, this paper reviews the present and future potential benefits of using BCG to measure cardiac cycle events and its application to clinical and applied research.
NATURAL DISTRIBUTION OF HYMENOPTERAN PARASITOIDS OF SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE IN MEXICO

Abstract A survey of parasitoids of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), larvae was conducted in six Mexican states during August and September 2000. Thirteen genera of hymenopteran parasitoids were recovered representing the following 3 families, Braconidae: Aleoides, Chelonus, Cotesia, Glyptapanteles, Homolobus, and Meteorus; Ichneumonidae: Campoletis, Eiphosoma, Ophion, and Pristomerus; and Eulophidae: Aprostocetus, Euplectrus, and Horismenus. Out of 5591 FAW larvae collected, 772 produced parasitoids, for a parasitism rate of 13.8%. The highest rate of parasitism from a single collection was 42.2%, representing three species of parasitoids in Michoacán. Chelonus insularis Cresson was the most widely distributed species occurring in 45.3% of the locations. Pristomerus spinator (F.), and Meteorus laphygmae (Viereck), exhibited the highest rates of parasitism for a single collection with 22.2% and 22.1%, in Sinaloa, and Michoacán, respectively. The results supported the hypothesis that natural distribution and rates of parasitism of FAW larvae may be related to more diverse habitats with more forests, orchards, and pastures near to cornfields.