Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The dialogue breakdown detection challenge: Task description, datasets, and evaluation metrics

Dialogue breakdown detection is a promising technique in dialogue systems. To promote the research and development of such a technique, we organized a dialogue breakdown detection challenge where the task is to detect a system’s inappropriate utterances that lead to dialogue breakdowns in chat. This paper describes the design, datasets, and evaluation metrics for the challenge as well as the methods and results of the submitted runs of the participants.
E-banking Functionality and Outcomes of Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Investigation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the adoption of e-banking functionality and investigates the impact of e-banking on the outcomes of customer satisfaction namely, loyalty and positive WOM within the Jordanian Commercial Banks. Design/methodology/approach – A purposive sampling technique was employed to recruit 179 customers representing the desired range of demographic characteristics (e.g. gender, age, and computer use), previous internet experience levels and product-related knowledge. Findings – This research showed that adoption of e-banking (accessibility, convenience, security, privacy, content, design, speed, fees and charges) had a positive effect on Jordanian Commercial Bank customers' satisfaction, loyalty, and positive WOM. Originality/value – The paper contributes to previous research by adding to existing knowledge regarding what constitutes e-banking service. The paper makes key recommendations towards enhancing current online financial services delivery.
Central nervous system tumor, infection, and infarction: detection with gadolinium-enhanced magnetization transfer MR imaging.

PURPOSE To quantitatively measure the degree of contrast enhancement of central nervous system (CNS) tumor, infection, and infarction by means of magnetization transfer (MT) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS T1-weighted MR images obtained before and after administration of contrast material with and without MT in 14 patients with CNS tumors were evaluated by means of a contrast-to-noise ratio (C/N). Another 72 patients with a variety of lesions underwent contrast material-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging prospectively with and without MT; C/N was also evaluated. RESULTS All lesions had a higher C/N on T1-weighted postcontrast MT images than on conventional images. C/N was 65 +/- 5 (mean +/- standard error) for MT and 42 +/- 4 for conventional images. C/N improved by a factor of 1.6-2.1 in the three disease categories. In intracranial tumors, the MT technique itself did not contribute significantly (P < .001) to the increase in C/N in the absence of gadopentetate dimeglumine. In fact, the C/N was lower for nonenhanced T1-weighted MT images. CONCLUSION Concurrent use of gadopentetate dimeglumine and MT results in a statistically significant (P < .001) increase in C/N in CNS tumor, infection, and infarction.
Determinants of Ownership Concentration in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of ownership concentration in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The study highlights the importance of three main factors in shaping ownership structure: country, industry, and firm level. Annual data was collected from 912 firms in eight MENA countries over a seven-year period (2008–2014). Our sample consists of 5,521 observations. Due to the longitudinal nature of data, the study uses a random effects regression model. Also, 2SLS is used to control the endogeneity issue between ownership concentration and firm performance. The study finds that both firm size and firm age have a significant, positive relationship with ownership concentration. However, regarding financial performance, only Tobin’s Q has an impact on ownership concentration, while the return on assets and the return on equity have no significant effects. Country-level factors, such as the rule of law index and corruption control, have a significant, negative relationship with ownership concentration. Moreover, the Arab Spring has a significant, negative influence on ownership concentration. This study is the first to investigate determinants of ownership concentration in the MENA region and the effects on ownership concentration by a significant political event: the Arab revolution, popularly known as the Arab Spring, a revolutionary wave that started at the end of 2010 to change the rule of local governments.
Measuring Perceptions of Breast Cancer Risk

Background: Accurate measurement of people's risk perceptions is important for numerous bodies of research and in clinical practice, but there is no consensus about the best measure. Objective: This study evaluated three measures of women's breast cancer risk perception by assessing their psychometric and test characteristics. Design: A cross-sectional mailed survey to women from a primary care population asked participants to rate their chance of developing breast cancer in their lifetime on a 0% to 100% numerical scale and a verbal scale with five descriptive categories, and to compare their risk to others (seven categories). Six hundred three of 956 women returned the survey (63.1%), and we analyzed surveys from the 566 women without a self-reported personal history of breast or ovarian cancer. Results: Scores on the numeric, verbal, and comparative measures were correlated with each other (r > 0.50), worry (r > 0.51), the Gail estimate (r > 0.26), and family history (r > 0.25). The numerical scale had the strongest correlation with annual mammogram (r = 0.19), and its correlation with the Gail estimate was unassociated with participants' sociodemographics. The numerical and comparative measures had the highest sensitivity (0.89-0.90) and specificity (0.99) for identifying women with very high risk perception. The numerical and comparative scale also did well in identifying women with very low risk perception, although the numerical scale had the highest specificity (0.96), whereas the comparative scale had the highest sensitivity (0.89). Conclusion: Different measures of women's perceptions about breast cancer risk have different strengths and weaknesses. Although the numerical measure did best overall, the optimal measure depends on the goals of the measure (i.e., avoidance of false positives or false negatives). (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(10):1893–8)
The 'secret rules of language':Tackling pragmatics in the classroom

In this article, I would like to focus on how we can help learners to understand what one exasperated student once referred to as ‘the secret rules of language’ (Bardovi-Harlig 2001), that is the norms of interaction which experienced members of a speech community follow as they use language in their day-to-day business. These relate to such apparently mundane activities as how appropriate it is to say ‘thank you’ to particular speakers in particular contexts, how much to soften the impact of what you are saying, how long to wait before you answer a question, how informal to be in a particular context, and so on. It can be most frustrating for learners who have made great efforts to master the vocabulary, syntax and phonology of a language only to find themselves misunderstood because of their failure to heed some of the less visible, but nonetheless crucial and systematic, principles which underpin ‘appropriate’ interaction in a culture. Indeed, until some miscommunication occurs many learners ‐ and native speakers ‐ are not only unsure of what these secret rules are, but may even be only vaguely aware of their existence. I begin by considering the nature of these ‘secret rules’, why they are important and what some of them might look like for speakers of Australian English. I then explore how such aspects of language use can be addressed in the classroom and suggest some approaches and activities designed to help adult learners preparing to enter the workforce.
Pengaruh Brand Image dan Perceived Quality Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Melalui Kepuasan Pelanggan Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Honda Vario (Studi Kasus Pada Pengguna Honda Vario di Kota Semarang)

Automotive industry development in indonesia very rapidly including motorcycle industry. Honda motorcycles issued its pedestal automatic motorcycles with the name Honda Vario. Loyalty consumers occurred because consumers feel satisfied , customer satisfaction can be influenced by the brand image that well as guaranteed perceived quality. Problems in this research is the declining sales of Honda Vario in 2015 within the Semarang City. The research results show that there is influence between the brand image to customer loyalty through customer satisfaction correlation obtained the results of 0,769. While the influence perceived quality of customer loyalty through customer satisfaction correlation obtained the results of 0,808. Then, in the analysis sobel test by using preacher tool, there is influence of intervening customer satisfaction in relations brand image and perceived quality of customer loyalty in Honda Vario.
Role of marketing and technological innovation on store equity, satisfaction and word-of-mouth in retailing

Purpose Despite the importance of innovation in business performance, investigation into innovation in services is scanty and lacking consensus. In retailing, it is a topic that has been awakening considerable academic and business interest in recent years. In this study context, this work aims to analyse innovation in retail experiences from two aspects – marketing innovation and technological innovation – to understand the role it exercises in satisfaction and subsequent recommendation. Design/methodology/approach The authors’ objective is to investigate the direct and indirect influence of marketing and technological innovation on satisfaction and word-of-mouth (WOM) through three core constructs: store image, consumer value and store brand equity. SEM methodology is applied on a sample of 820 retail customers of grocery, clothing, furniture an electronics store. Findings The results show that technological innovation is more important than marketing innovation in shaping image, value and satisfaction. At the same time, store image is the variable that most influences customer satisfaction and that satisfaction is a very significant antecedent of WOM behaviour. Practical implications for retail managers and further research are presented. Originality/value The main value of this work has been to go deeper into the study of retail innovation, both in marketing and technologies, and its direct and indirect effects on satisfaction and subsequent recommendation through store image, consumer value and store brand equity. It is a new line of study, which is still fragmented and with little empirical evidence.
Cardiovascular response to large doses of intravenous morphine in man.

Abstract Large doses of intravenous morphine (0.5 to 3.0 mg per kilogram of body weight) were used alone or in combination with inhalation anesthetic agents for anesthesia in over 1100 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Morphine, 1 mg per kilogram, was administered intravenously to seven subjects with aortic-valve disease and eight without major heart or lung disease. The cardiac subjects had higher control pulse rates and lower control stroke indexes than the normal subjects. In the cardiac but not in the normal subjects, significant increases in cardiac index, stroke index, central venous pressure, and pulmonary-artery pressure, and a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance, were observed after morphine was administered, suggesting that large doses of morphine may be used with safety in patients with minimal circulatory reserve.
First-principles calculations of shear moduli for Monte Carlo-simulated Coulomb solids.

First-principles calculations of the shear modulus tensor are presented for the bcc crystalline and rapidly quenched Coulomb solids produced by the Monte Carlo simulation method. The shear moduli are calculated for temperatures up to the melting conditions, including the effects of thermal fluctuations. An effective shear modulus appropriate to an approximate ``isotropic'' body is introduced through averages over directions.
Correlates of habitual physical activity in chronic haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Results of physical performance tests may not reflect the level of habitual physical activity and health status of the dialysis patients. The aim of our study was to assess interdialytic spontaneous physical activity in chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients in relation to their nutritional status, severity of anaemia, inflammation and dialysis adequacy. METHODS Sixty HD patients [27 female, 33 male; mean age 60+/-13 years, time on dialysis 46.2+/-62.1 months and body mass index (BMI) 25.1+/-4.7 kg/m2] without physical and neurological disabilities and 16 healthy individuals (10 female, six male, mean age 56+/-6 years, BMI 26.6+/-4.9 kg/m2) were enrolled into the study. In all patients, spontaneous daily physical activity was measured during 48 h between mid-week dialysis sessions by pedometers. Nutritional status was estimated by anthropometric methods (BMI and mid-arm muscle circumference) and serum albumin concentration. Additionally, body composition was estimated using a multifrequency phase-sensitive bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Severity of anaemia was determined by blood haemoglobin level and haematocrit value, and the presence of inflammatory state was determined by high sensitivity plasma C-reactive (CRP) protein measurements. RESULTS The total number of steps during daily activities in dialysis patients and in healthy individuals was 6896+/-2357 vs 14 181+/-5383 per 48 h, respectively (P<0.001). Dialysis patients showed typical signs of malnutrition in the BIA, i.e. high extracellular mass/body cell mass index (1.17+/-0.28 in dialysis patients vs 0.97+/-0.1 in controls; P<0.001), low percentage cell mass (46.7+/-5.6 and 51.0+/-3.6, respectively; P = 0.002) and low phase angle (5.1+/-0.9 and 5.8+/-0.7, respectively; P = 0.006). Dialysis patients also showed lower serum albumin and blood haemoglobin and higher serum CRP levels than healthy controls. In dialysis patients, the number of steps taken positively correlated with body water (R = 0.28, P = 0.03), fat mass (r = 0.29, P = 0.04), BMI (R = 0.25, P = 0.04), lean body mass (R = 0.26, P = 0.04), intracellular water (r = 0.30, P<0.01), phase angle (R = 0.40, P = 0.002), serum albumin (R = 0.32, P = 0.01), haematocrit (R = 0.46, P = 0.001) and haemoglobin (R = 0.44, P = 0.001). Furthermore, the number of steps taken correlated significantly with mid-arm muscle circumference (r = 0.35, P = 0.006). A negative correlation was found between the number of steps and extracellular mass/body cell mass index (R = -0.37; P = 0.004). No significant relationships were found between the measures of physical activity and high sensitivity CRP or adequacy of dialysis. Multiple regression analysis revealed the independent associations between the number of steps taken by the patients and haemoglobin concentration, age, total body water, extracellular mass/body cell mass index and phase angle. CONCLUSIONS Low habitual physical activity assessed in HD patients with simple portable pedometers is strongly related to several factors of major clinical importance in this population.
Türkiye de Mevduat Bankalarının Kârlılığını Etkileyen Faktörler1Factors Affecting the Profitability of Deposit Banks in Turkey

Banks that have undertaken financial intermediation functions between savers and investors are one of effective institutions of the financial system in both emerging and developed country economies. Banks constitute the largest part of the financial system in Turkey. The recent financial crisis at global level has shown that a well-functioning financial system is of great importance for economic stability and sustainable growth (Taşkın, 2011; Demirhan, 2013). In order to obtain high profits, banks are exposed to different risks such as credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, interest rate risk and currency risk in fulfilling its functions in the financial system (Alper and Anbar, 2011; Turgutlu, 2014). Both the structural problems related to the banking sector and the instability in the macroeconomic environment caused the banking crisis in Turkey during 2000-2001 period. However, compared to the banks operating in other countries, the restructuring of the banking sector after domestic banking crisis of 2000-2001 and the effective risk management policies adopted have caused the Turkish banks to be relatively less affected from the 2007 global economic crisis (Gürbüz et al., 2013; Yıldırım, 2014; Akhmedjonov and Balcı-Izgi, 2015). Therefore, it is very important to determine the factors affecting the profitability of the deposit banks operating in the Turkish banking industry in terms of evaluating the effects of the recent economic crisis and stabilizing the financial system. For this purpose, our study aims to investigate the internal and external factors affecting the profitability of 20 deposit banks operating in Turkey during the period covering 2006-2014.
Adoption of electronic data interchange: the role of buyer-supplier relationships

This paper examines electronic data interchange (EDI) adoption and integration by US automobile industry suppliers. The paper constructs several hypotheses from the authors' literature survey and interviews with automotive industry managers, and tests these hypotheses using data from first- and second-tier automobile suppliers in the U.S. Their study shows: (1) the higher the frequency of transactions and the higher the percent sales to a customer, the more likely a supplier was to adopt EDI; (2) "buyer's push" seemed to be the most significant reason for suppliers' EDI adoption; (3) factors affecting EDI adoption were different from those affecting EDI integration and success; (4) managerial proactiveness seemed to be the most significant factor for EDI integration and success; and (5) the resource-dependency approach seemed to be more suitable than the transaction-cost approach for explaining EDI adoption.
OWNERSHIP AND IDENTITIES OF THE LARGEST SHAREHOLDERS AND DIVIDEND POLICY: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM

is study investigates the relationship between the level of shareholdings and identities of the largest shareholders, and cash dividend policy. e study is conducted with a sample of 180 "rms listed on Vietnam stock exchange markets #om 2009 to 2013. e "xed e$ect model is employed to analyze the balanced panel data. e results show that the higher the level of holdings by the largest shareholders, the lower the dividend payout. Moreover, companies with the State and Foreign investors as the largest shareholders have higher dividend payout ratio than companies with local investors and managers as the largest shareholders. e study also "nds that companies tend to pay higher dividends when pro"ts decrease or growth opportunities increase.
Factors predicting adverse short-term outcomes in patients with acute cholangitis undergoing ERCP: A single center experience.

AIM To identify potential factors that can predict adverse short-term outcomes in patients with acute cholangitis undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). METHODS Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted to our center for acute cholangitis and underwent ERCP from 2001 to 2012. Involvement of two or more organ systems was termed as organ failure (OF). Cardiovascular failure was defined based on a systolic blood pressure of < 90 mmHg despite fluid replacement and/or requiring vasopressor treatment; respiratory failure if the Pa02/Fi02 ratio was < 300 mmHg and/or required mechanical ventilation; coagulopathy if the platelet count was < 80; and renal insufficiency if serum creatinine was > 1.9 mg/dL. Variables associated with short term adverse clinical outcomes defined as persistent OF and/or 30-d mortality was determined. RESULTS A total of 172 patients (median age 62 years, 56.4% female) were included. The median door to ERCP time was 17 h. Bile duct stones were the most common etiology (n = 67, 39.2%). In multivariate analysis, factors that were independently associated with persistent OF and/or 30-d mortality included American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical classification score > 3 (OR = 7.70; 95%CI: 2.73-24.40), presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (OR = 3.67; 95%CI: 1.34-10.3) and door to ERCP time greater than 72 h (OR = 3.36; 95%CI: 1.12-10.20). Door to ERCP time greater than 72 h was also associated with 70% increase in the mean length of stay (P < 0.001). Every one point increase in the ASA physical classification and every 1 mg/dL increase in the pre-ERCP bilirubin level was associated with a 34% and 2% increase in the mean length of hospital stay, respectively. Transfer status did not impact clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Higher ASA physical classification and delays in ERCP are associated with adverse clinical outcomes and prolonged length of hospital stay in patients with acute cholangitis undergoing ERCP.
A Chain Theorem for 3+-Connected Graphs

A 3-connected graph is called $3^+$-connected if it has no 3-separation that separates a “large” fan or $K_{3,n}$ from the rest of the graph. It is proved in this paper that except for $K_4$, every $3^+$-connected graph has a $3^+$-connected proper minor that is at most two edges away from the original graph. This result is used to characterize $Q$-minor-free graphs, where $Q$ is obtained from the cube by contracting an edge.
N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor‐mediated axonal injury in adult rat corpus callosum

Damage to white matter such as corpus callosum (CC) is a pathological characteristic in many brain disorders. Glutamate (Glut) excitotoxicity through AMPA receptors on oligodendrocyte (OL) was previously considered as a mechanism for white matter damage. Recent studies have shown that N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are expressed on myelin sheath of neonatal rat OL processes and that activation of these receptors mediated demyelization. Whether NMDARs are expressed in the adult CC and are involved in excitotoxic axonal injury remains to be determined. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of NMDARs in the adult rat CC and their distributions in myelinated nerve fibers and OL somata by means of immunocytochemical staining and Western blot. Incubation of the CC slices with Glut or NMDA induced axonal injury as revealed by analyzing amplitude of CC fiber compound action potentials (CAPs) and input–output response. Both Glut and NMDA decreased the CAP amplitude and input–output responses, suggesting an involvement of NMDARs in Glut‐ and NMDA‐induced axonal injury. The involvement of NMDAR in Glut‐induced axonal injury was further assayed by detection of β‐amyloid precursor protein (β‐APP) in the CC axonal fibers. Treatment of the CC slices with Glut resulted in β‐APP accumulation in the CC fibers as detected by Western blot, reflecting an impairment of axonal transport function. This injurious effect of Glut on CC axonal transport was significantly blocked by MK801. Taken together, these results show that NMDARs are expressed in the adult CC and are involved in excitotoxic activity in adult CC slices in vitro. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.