Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship marketing in philanthropy organizations

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of donor gratitude in relationship marketing in nonprofit organizations within the B2C relationship context in Indonesia. Relationship marketing is required not only in profit organizations, but also in nonprofit organizations. On the other hand, gratitude is a positive emotion and an important construct for understanding the effectiveness of relationship marketing.This study uses a survey method and the research samples are individual donors of philanthropy organizations. The numbers of respondents are 507. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is selected as the technique of analysis. This research examines 7 hypotheses where 6 of them are supported. They are (1) the impact of donor gratitude on trust; (2) the impact of trust on relationship commitment; (3) the impact of relationship commitment on cooperation; (4) the impact of relationship commitment on intention to redonate; (5) the impact of trust on cooperation; and (6) the impact of trust on intention to redonate. Based on this result,it can be concluded that the effect of donor gratitude on intention to redonate is indirect, that is through trust variable. The contribution of this study is mainly in broadening the application of social exchange theory and relationship marketing concept.
On the radial acceleration relation for galaxies in a wide range of redshifts

The thermal history of the Universe is introduced within the Debye Gravitational Theory (DGT), a thermodynamic theory of induced gravity, and allows to obtain the evolution of systems with the redshift. DGT reproduce the ESO VLT observations, showing falling outer rotation curves for galaxies at redshift above 0.77. A scaling law is observed in the radial acceleration relation (RAR) of galaxies. For accelerations smaller than $\sim 10^{-10}ms^{-1}$ the observed acceleration $g_{obs}$ decreases more slowly than acceleration generated by the baryonic mass $g_{bar}$, following always the relation $g_{obs} \sim \sqrt{g_{bar}}$. The RAR does not care about the specific properties of the galaxy, the relation exists in nearby high-mass elliptical and low-mass spheroidal galaxies. In this paper, through a straightforward analysis, we show that according to DGT, the RAR scaling law observed in nearby galaxies is broken, when are considered distant galaxies. The extreme case happen for galaxies at redshift above 0.77, because according to DGT, the galaxies have declining rotation curves, and the rotation velocity falling faster than the Keplerian-law curve. Then in this case $g_{obs}$ decreases more faster than $g_{bar}$, this means that $g_{obs}$ is systematically lower than $g_{bar}$. We show that DGT prediction for the RAR of galaxies at high redshift is in agreement from those obtained from the falling rotation curves observed by VLT telescope.
Clustering of Series via Dynamic Mode Decomposition and the Matrix Pencil Method

In this paper, a new algorithm for extracting features from sequences of multidimensional observations is presented. The independently developed Dynamic Mode Decomposition and Matrix Pencil methods provide a least-squares model-based approach for estimating complex frequencies present in signals as well as their corresponding amplitudes. Unlike other feature extraction methods such as Fourier Transform or Autoregression which have to be computed for each sequence individually, the least-squares approach considers the whole dataset at once. It invokes order reduction methods to extract a small number of features best describing all given data, and indicate which frequencies correspond to which sequences. As an illustrative example, the new method is applied to regions of different grain orientation in a Transmission Electron Microscopy image.
Physiological Stress Assessments based on Salivary α-amylase Activity and Secretory Immunoglobulin A levels in Wheelchair-dependent Individuals with Congenital Physical Disabilities

We sought to assess the circadian rhythm of stress levels on the basis of the s-IgA/total protein ratio and α-amylase activity in the saliva in wheelchair-dependent individuals with congenital physical disabilities. We enrolled 11 individuals with congenital physical disabilities. Saliva samples were collected eight times in a day from each participant: on awakening, after breakfast, before lunch, after lunch, at 15:00 h, before dinner, after dinner and at bedtime. The above indices were measured and compared among the saliva samples obtained at the different time points. The mean s-IgA/total protein ratio from awakening to before lunch was higher than that after lunch and became slightly elevated again at bedtime. However, there were no significant differences among the mean value obtained for each time point. The mean α-amylase activity from before lunch to bed time was greater than that on awakening and after breakfast. The mean α-amylase activity after breakfast was significantly different from that before and after dinner. The values for s-IgA/total protein ratio and α-amylase activity after breakfast, before lunch and after dinner showed significant negative correlations. The circadian rhythm of stress levels in individuals with congenital physical disabilities showed large individual differences over one day.
Trochiscia hamzaoglui (Chlorellales): a new species from Central Anatolia (Turkey).

A new species, Trochiscia hamzaoglui Atici sp. nova, determined from freshwater habitat, Kesik-k? pru Dam Lake on the Kizilirmak River (Kirsehir, Central Anatolia), and the sample was taken from plankton. This new species was first found in the study of algal samples from the area. Light microscope indicated a clear relationship with the species in the genus Trochiscia. Some of the characteristic features of the new taxon include a spine and an irregular cell wall. A comparison with closely related taxa is given on.
Qualitative Studies on Chhana Prepared from Cow and Buffalo Milk

Qualitative studies on chhana were carried out at Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam during the year 2011-12. Two milk sources (i.e. cow milk and buffalo milk) and three coagulants (i.e. acetic acid, citric acid and lactic acid) were used during the study period. Physical characteristics such as titratable acidity and pH values. Preliminary, the chhana was prepared from each of cow and buffalo milk coagulated with acetic acid, citric acid, and/or lactic acid each at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4% concentration level. Among each coagulant, concentration level showed significant influence on the acceptability score of chhana. Product made with 0.5% concentration level perceived the better acceptability (score). A remarkable influence of milk source was observed in pH values of chhana prepared from cow milk and buffalo milk either with acetic acid (5.65±0.01 and 5.45±0.01, respectively) or with citric acid (5.52±0.02 and 5.45±0.01, respectively). In this study, buffalo milk chhana was found better in all aspects compared to that of cow milk.
Assessing the Impact of Environmental Regulation on Industrial Water Use: Evidence from Brazil

This paper aims at characterizing water demand by Brazilian manufacturing plants and at assessing the potential impacts of environmental policies on industrial water use. We first show that the price elasticity of the water demand, –1.0 on average, is high enough for a water charge to act as an effective policy tool for reducing water consumption. Results also provide some evidence of a tradeoff between water quality improvement and water conservation policies, since more stringent environmental standards may lead to a higher water demand. A joint use of environmental norms and water charges may reconcile both policy goals. (JEL Q25, L5)
Molecular evolution-directed approach for designing archaeal formyltetrahydrofolate ligase

Objective: The objective was to design a biocatalyst formyltetrahydrofolate ligase from the sequences of archaea bacteria based on the evolutionary conservation at metal- and substrate-binding regions. Methods: Complete formyltetrahydrofolate ligase sequences of archaea were retrieved from GenPept of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The best structure identity and the shortest metal- and substrate-binding regions with templates were concerned for generating homology models and then selected for docking with respective substrates using AutoDock. Every homology model of this study was energy minimized to generate the lowest energetic conformers. The best enzyme-substrate complex models were chosen based on the mode of catalysis, types of molecular interactions, and binding affinity. Results: Two stable biocatalyst variants were developed from the sequences of Haloquadratum walsbyi DSM 16790 and Methanocorpusculum labreanum Z. The binding energy of variant 1-substrate complex and variant 2-substrate complex were ranged from -5.74 to -3.27 kcal/mol and from -5.23 to -2.78 kcal/mol, respectively. The most important interactions contributing to the high binding affinity occur between 5, 10-methenyltetrahydrofolate and the side chains of Glu113, Ser115 and Asp147 in variant 1 and Glu100, Ser102 and Asp134 in variant 2. Both variants have cesiumand substrate-binding sites within 30 amino acids length wherein enzyme active sites residues were noted and thus evolutionary conservation in sequence as well as structure would make contribution in enzyme catalysis. Conclusion: This computer-aided protein designing approach is merely based on evolutionary hypothesis. It is also constructive to develop a stable biocatalyst variant with more catalytic efficiency because original conserved amino acids residues are preserved as it is. Both variants have catalytic functions as similar to 5-hydrolyase, ammonia forming and amino lyase on 5, 10-methenyltetrahydrofolate.
Irregular Polyomino-Shaped Subarrays for Space-Based Active Arrays

This paper presents new results showing the application of polyomino-based subarrays to limited field of view and wideband, wide-angle scanning. This technology can reduce the number of phase controls in arrays used for limited sector coverage or the number of time delay devices for wideband radar or communications, and so can reduce the cost of space-based active arrays. We concentrate on the wideband application. Results are presented by comparing the gain and peak sidelobe results of irregular polyomino subarray-based arrays with those of rectangular subarrays. It is shown that using irregular polyomino subarrays can result in a major decrease in sidelobes while presenting, in most cases, only a few tenths of a dB gain reduction compared to rectangular subarrays.
Estimation of grey seal ( Halichoerus grypus ) diet composition in the Baltic Sea

We examined the digestive tract contents from 145 grey seals ( Halichoerus grypus ) collected between 2001 and 2004 in the Baltic Sea. We compensated for biases introduced by erosion of otoliths, both by using additional hard-part structures other than otoliths, and species-specific size and numerical correction factors. In the absence of numerical correction factors based on feeding experiments for some species, we used correction factors based on a relationship between otolith recovery rate and otolith width. A total of 24 prey taxa were identified but only a few species contributed substantially to the diet. The estimated diet composition was, independently of the prey number estimation method and diet composition estimation model used, dominated by herring ( Clupea harengus ), both by numbers and biomass. In addition to herring, common whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus ) and sprat ( Sprattus sprattus ) were important prey, but cyprinids ( Cyprinidae ), eelpout ( Zoarces viviparus ), flounder ( Platichtys flesus ) and salmon ( Salmo salar ) also contributed significantly. Our results indicated dietary differences between grey seals of different age as well as between seals from the northern (Gulf of Bothnia) and the southern (Baltic Proper) Baltic Sea.
Numerical Benchmark of Turbulence Modeling in Gas Turbine Rotor-Stator System

Accurate design of the secondary air system is one of the main tasks for reliability and performance of gas turbine engines. The selection of a suitable turbulence model for the study of rotor-stator cavity flows, which remains an open issue in the literature, is here addressed over a wide range of operating conditions. A numerical benchmark of turbulence models is indeed proposed in the case of rotor-stator disk flows with and without superimposed throughflow. The predictions obtained by the means of several two equation turbulence models available within the CFD solver Ansys CFX 12:0 are compared with those previously evaluated by Poncet et al: (1; 2) through the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) of Elena and Schiestel (3; 4) implemented in a proprietary finite volume code. The standard k-e and k-w SST models including high and low Reynolds approaches, have been used for all calculations presented here. Further more, some tests were conduced using the innovative k-w SST-CC and k-w SST-RM models that take into account the curvature effects via the Spalart-Shur correction term (5) and the reattachement modification proposed by Menter (6) respectively. The numerical calculations have been compared to extensive velocity and pressure measurements performed on the test rig of the IRPHE’s laboratory in Marseilles (1; 2). Several configurations, covering a wide range of real engine operating conditions, were considered. The influence of the typical non dimensional flow parameters (Reynolds number and flowrate coefficient) on the flow structure is studied in detail. In the case of an enclosed cavity, the flow exhibits a Batchelor-like structure with two turbulent boundary layers separated by a laminar rotating core. When an inward axial throughflow is superimposed, the flow remains of Batchelor type with a core rotating faster than the disk because of conservation of the angular momentum. In this case, turbulence intensities are mainly confined close to the stator. Turbulence models based on a low Reynolds approach provide better overall results for the mean and turbulent fields especially within the very thin boundary layers. The standard k-w SST model offers the best trade-off between accuracy and computational cost for the parameters considered here. In the case of an outward throughflow, the k-w SST in conjunction with a low Reynolds approach and RSM models provide similar results and predict quite well the transition from the Batchelor to the Stewartson structures.
Independence from Whom? Interdependence with Whom? Cultural Perspectives on Ingroups Versus Outgroups

Two such general claims regarding self-contained selves versus generalized others provide the empirical and theoretical focus of this chapter. The first claim postulates a "divergence" in attributions and inferences regarding self and other, or "actor" and "observer" (Jones and Nisbett 1971; Nisbett et al. 1973). The second claim proposes that there are differences between the affective and motivational consequences of choices made by the self and those of choices suggested to, or imposed on, the self by others (Cordova and Lepper 1996; deCharms 1968; Deci 1981; Lepper and Greene 1978; Zuckerman et al. 1978).
proinflammatory plasma cytokines in patients with Down syndrome Cytokiny prozapalne w surowicy pacjentów z zespołem Downa

Introduction. Despite a growing interest in the contribution of the immune system in Down syndrome (DS), the role of cytokines in DS is still unclear. Most studies were conducted in adults with DS. Aim of the study. In this study we determined the levels of the selected proinflammatory cytokines: interleukin-1α (IL-1α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), human soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor1 (sTNFR1) and human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in plasma of children and adults with DS. Material and methods. The study included 84 children and adolescents, including 45 with DS (20 boys and 25 girls; mean age 10.44 ± 4.66 years). The control group consisted of 39 children without DS (21 boys and 18 girls; mean age 11.03 ± 4.72). We recruited 81 adults, including 41 with DS (19 males and 22 females; mean age 41.34 ± 8.52). The control group consisted of 40 adults without DS (20 males and 20 females; mean age 40.4 ± 10.29). Immunoassay kits of eBioscience (eBioscience Campus Vienna Biocenter 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria) were used. Results. Compared with the control group, the DS group (children and adults) had statistically significant increases in mean serum IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6 and sTNFR1 levels. The TNF-α levels were also increased in the DS children, but the difference was not statistically significant. A positive correlation was found between IL-2 levels and age and sTNFR1 levels and age in the DS group but only in the case of IL-2 these differences were statistically significant.
The Economic and Social Processes Influencing the Level and Nature of Chronic Poverty in Urban Areas

The objective of this paper is to review the economic, political and social processes influencing the nature, extent and depth of poverty in urban areas of the South. The task is primarily descriptive, seeking to summarise what is already known about these processes and to demarcate significant components of chronic urban poverty in the South. Due to the relative newness of the field, it seeks to draw on a wide range of literature in order to understand the issues. The discussion is tentative about the scope and depth of the findings. The strategy is to draw together insights from a wide range of disciplines, and city and neighbourhood studies. The discussion begins by considering what is chronic poverty, summarised and considered in the context of urban poverty in Section 2. Section 3 considers the nature of the urban change that is taking place. The discussion suggests that chronic poverty in urban areas is much more complex than the visible problems of acute need in inner cities. It is likely that the urban chronically poor live in diverse economic and political situations, facing different livelihood opportunities and different physical conditions. Furthermore, chronic poverty may be caused by the process of transition from rural to urban, or smaller to larger city, rather than the specific conditions in any particular urban settlement. The recognised scale of chronic poverty has to be understood in relation to measurement strategies. Section 4 discusses the problems of measuring urban poverty. In particular, it considers why many existing monetary estimates of poverty in urban areas may be too low. Sections 5 and 6 then consider the nature and extent of chronic poverty in urban areas. Section 5 takes a spatial perspective examining poverty by the nature of the urban settlement. Underlying this analytical framework is the supposition that the nature and incidence of poverty is partly related to the nature of the urban settlement. The Section is sub-divided to consider inner cities, city peripheries, small towns and refugee settlements. The following Section then analyses the chronically poor by social group. Underlying this analytical framework is the recognition that social discrimination and capabilities may influence participation in the labour market. Some groups have more opportunities offered to them and are better able to take advantages of opportunities. The groups that have been identified and that are considered in this Section are the old, young, women, badly paid, informal workers, and those with physical and mental illness, impairments and disabilities. The concluding section considers a number of issues that have emerged through the discussion: the relevance of the general frameworks of chronic poverty in an urban context; the complexity of chronic poverty in urban areas; reflects on understanding chronic poverty through the strategies of avoidance used by the urban poor; and finally identifies some future research priorities.
Middle Miocene to early Pliocene oblique extension in the southern Gulf of California

A multichannel seismic (MCS) experiment spanning 600 km across the Alarcon Rise and its conjugate rifted margins in the southern Gulf of California (western North America) provides insight into the spatial and temporal evolution of extension between Baja California and the mainland (Mexico). Stratigraphic analysis of multiple rift basins within the Alarcon spreading corridor indicates an initial stage of oblique extension starting ca. 14–12 Ma. This initial phase of extension was characterized by the formation of several large basins in the center of the gulf and on the southeast margin with negligible synrift sedimentation. A second phase of oblique extension, likely synchronous with large-scale basin opening in the central and northern Gulf of California, began ca. 8–5 Ma and was characterized by the formation of smaller half-grabens distributed across the conjugate margins that contain both synrift and postrift deposits. A key feature imaged within the MCS data is a highly reflective, ropey layer at the top of basement, interpreted to be either volcanic rocks from the 25–12 Ma Comondu Group, and/or early rifting volcanic rocks that are between 11 and 9 Ma, or younger. This volcanic layer is extensively faulted, suggesting that it predates the episode of early extension. Upper crustal extension appears to be equally distributed across conjugate margins, forming a symmetrical continental rift. Two styles of rifted basin are observed; older basins (estimated as 14–11 Ma using sedimentation rates) show distributed extension with extensive basement faulting. In contrast, the younger basins (likely post–6 Ma) are asymmetrical with synrift deposits thickening into the basin-bounding faults. The northeast-southwest geomorphic expression of the Tamayo bank and trough and other features provides additional evidence that northwest-southeast oblique extension began ca. 12 Ma. These new spatial and temporal constraints, when combined with a crustal thickness profile obtained across the entire Alarcon corridor, suggest that significant northwest-southeast oblique extension within the Gulf of California started well before 6 Ma, in contrast to earlier models.