Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological Characteristics and Traits for Finding Benefit From Prostate Cancer: Correlates and Predictors

Background: Although beginning evidence suggests that the capacity to derive benefit from cancer-associated experiences may be influenced by some individual psychological characteristics and traits, little is known about predictors for finding benefit from prostate cancer. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the correlates and predictors for finding benefit from prostate cancer among a sample of men undergoing androgen deprivation. Methods: Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression modeling were performed on data collected in an acute tertiary hospital outpatient setting (N = 209) between July 2011 and December 2013 to determine correlates and predictors for finding benefit from prostate cancer. Results: Multiple linear regression modeling showed that while the 6 predictors of self-reported coping, depression, anxiety, distress, resilience, and hope explained 38% of the variance in finding benefit, coping provided the strongest and statistically significant predictive contribution. Conclusions: Self-reported coping was strongly predictive of finding benefit from prostate cancer, but questions remain about if subtypes of coping strategies can be more or less predictive of finding benefit. Self-reported levels of depression, anxiety, distress, resilience, and hope had a less predictive and nonsignificant role in finding benefit from prostate cancer and raise questions about their function in this subpopulation. Implications for Practice: The findings suggest that coping strategies can maximize finding benefit from prostate cancer. Knowledge of influential coping strategies for finding benefit from prostate cancer can be immensely valuable to support men in rebuilding positive meaning amid a changed illness reality. Developing practice initiatives that foster positive meaning-making coping strategies seems valuable.
Hardware-Based TCP Processor for Gigabit Ethernet

Transmission control protocol (TCP) and Ethernet have been widely used in readout systems. These protocols are de facto standards and have been implemented on standard operating systems. However, some small devices, e.g., front-end devices and detectors, are not capable of employing these protocols because of hardware size limitations. This paper describes a TCP processor for gigabit Ethernet with a circuit size suitable for implementing on a single field programmable gate array. The only peripheral device required is a single Ethernet physical layer device. The hardware was implemented and its TCP throughput was measured. The throughputs in both directions simultaneously were at the upper limits of gigabit Ethernet. A mechanism for slow control over user datagram protocol (UDP) is also provided. The processor described here allows adoption of TCP/Ethernet in small devices that have hardware size limitations.
Patient readmissions, emergency visits, and adverse events after software-assisted discharge from hospital: cluster randomized trial.

BACKGROUND One of the causes of postdischarge adverse events is poor discharge communication between hospital-based physicians, patients, and outpatient physicians. The value of hospital discharge software to improve communication and clinically relevant outcomes is unknown. OBJECTIVE To measure effects of a discharge software application of computerized physician order entry (CPOE). DESIGN Cluster randomized controlled trial. SETTING Tertiary care, teaching hospital in central Illinois. PATIENTS A total of 631 inpatients discharged to home with high risk for readmission. INTERVENTION Seventy internal medicine hospital physicians were randomly assigned (allocation concealed) to discharge software versus usual care, handwritten discharge. MEASUREMENTS Blinded assessment of patient readmission, emergency department visit, and postdischarge adverse event. RESULTS A total of 590 (94%) patients provided 6-month follow-up data. Generalized estimating equations gave intervention variable coefficients with 95% confidence interval (CI). When comparing patients assigned to discharge software versus usual care, there was no difference in hospital readmission within 6 months (37.0% versus 37.8%; coefficient -0.005 [95% CI, -0.074 to 0.065]; P = 0.894), emergency department visit within 6 months (35.4% versus 40.6%; coefficient -0.052 [95% CI, -0.115 to 0.011]; P = 0.108), or adverse event within 1 month (7.3% versus 7.3%; coefficient 0.003 [95% CI; -0.037 to 0.043]; P = 0.884). CONCLUSIONS Discharge software with CPOE did not affect readmissions, emergency department visits, or adverse events after discharge. Future studies should assess other endpoints such as patient perceptions or physician perceptions to see if discharge software has value.
Silages containing buckwheat and chicory: quality, digestibility and nitrogen utilisation by lactating cows

The suitability of silages containing buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and chicory (Cichorium intybus) for the nutrition of dairy cows was determined. Buckwheat and chicory were sown in mixture with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and a pure ryegrass culture served as a control forage. Swards were harvested 55 d after sowing and were ensiled after wilting, without additives in small round bales. Finally, buckwheat and chicory made up the dietary dry matter (DM) proportions of 0.46 and 0.34, respectively. Concentrates were restricted to 2 kg/d. Diets were fed to 3 × 6 late-lactating cows for 15 d at ad libitum access. During the collection period (days 10–15) amounts of feed intake and faeces, urine and milk were recorded and samples were taken. Ensilability was good for buckwheat and ryegrass swards, but was so less for the chicory sward, which was rich in total ash. The buckwheat silage was rich in acid detergent fibre (445 g/kg DM) and lignin (75.7 g/kg DM) and contained less crude protein (135 g/kg DM) and ether extract (15.8 g/kg DM) than the other silages. Consistent with that, the apparent digestibility of the organic matter and fibre were lowest when feeding this silage. The potassium concentrations in the chicory and ryegrass silages were high (61 g/kg) and lower in buckwheat (47 g/kg). No significant treatment effects on intake, body weight, milk yield or milk composition as well as plasma β-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids occurred. Being lowest in nitrogen (N) content, the buckwheat silage resulted in the lowest urine N losses and the most efficient N utilisation for milk protein synthesis, but this at cost of body N retention. The results show that silages containing buckwheat and chicory may be used as components of the forage part of dairy cows’ diets even though they were found to have a lower feeding value than ryegrass silage.
Gut Microbiota Co-microevolution with Selection for Host Humoral Immunity

To explore coevolution between the gut microbiota and the humoral immune system of the host, we used chickens as the model organism. The host populations were two lines (HAS and LAS) developed from a common founder that had undergone 40 generations of divergent selection for antibody titers to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and two relaxed sublines (HAR and LAR). Analysis revealed that microevolution of host humoral immunity contributed to the composition of gut microbiota at the taxa level. Relaxing selection enriched some microorganisms whose functions were opposite to host immunity. Particularly, Ruminococcaceae and Oscillospira enriched in high antibody relaxed (HAR) and contributed to reduction in antibody response, while Lactobacillus increased in low antibody relaxed (LAR) and elevated the antibody response. Microbial functional analysis showed that alterations were involved in pathways relating to the immune system and infectious diseases. Our findings demonstrated co-microevolution relationships of host-microbiota and that gut microorganisms influenced host immunity.
Effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on the expression of inflammatory cytokines

Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6, have been detected in specimens from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. Here we demonstrate that HIV-1 activates the expression of TNF but not of IL-1 and IL-6 in acutely and chronically infected T cells. The increase in TNF gene expression is due to activation of the TNF promoter by the viral gene product Tat. Transactivation of TNF gene expression requires the product of the first exon of the tat gene and is cell type independent. T cells chronically infected with pol-defective HIV-1 provirus constitutively express both Tat and TNF at levels significantly higher (fivefold) than those seen in control cells, and treatment with phorbol myristate acetate greatly enhances Tat expression and TNF production. As TNF can increase the production of IL-1 and IL-6 and these inflammatory cytokines all enhance HIV-1 gene expression and affect the immune, vascular, and central nervous systems, the activation of TNF by Tat may be part of a complex pathway in which HIV-1 uses viral products and host factors to increase its own expression and infectivity and to induce disease.
Behavioral and Neural Signatures of Reduced Updating of Alternative Options in Alcohol-Dependent Patients during Flexible Decision-Making

Addicted individuals continue substance use despite the knowledge of harmful consequences and often report having no choice but to consume. Computational psychiatry accounts have linked this clinical observation to difficulties in making flexible and goal-directed decisions in dynamic environments via consideration of potential alternative choices. To probe this in alcohol-dependent patients (n = 43) versus healthy volunteers (n = 35), human participants performed an anticorrelated decision-making task during functional neuroimaging. Via computational modeling, we investigated behavioral and neural signatures of inference regarding the alternative option. While healthy control subjects exploited the anticorrelated structure of the task to guide decision-making, alcohol-dependent patients were relatively better explained by a model-free strategy due to reduced inference on the alternative option after punishment. Whereas model-free prediction error signals were preserved, alcohol-dependent patients exhibited blunted medial prefrontal signatures of inference on the alternative option. This reduction was associated with patients' behavioral deficit in updating the alternative choice option and their obsessive-compulsive drinking habits. All results remained significant when adjusting for potential confounders (e.g., neuropsychological measures and gray matter density). A disturbed integration of alternative choice options implemented by the medial prefrontal cortex appears to be one important explanation for the puzzling question of why addicted individuals continue drug consumption despite negative consequences. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In addiction, patients maintain substance use despite devastating consequences and often report having no choice but to consume. These clinical observations have been theoretically linked to disturbed mechanisms of inference, for example, to difficulties when learning statistical regularities of the environmental structure to guide decisions. Using computational modeling, we demonstrate disturbed inference on alternative choice options in alcohol addiction. Patients neglecting “what might have happened” was accompanied by blunted coding of inference regarding alternative choice options in the medial prefrontal cortex. An impaired integration of alternative choice options implemented by the medial prefrontal cortex might contribute to ongoing drug consumption in the face of evident negative consequences.
Association Between Pulse Wave Velocity and a Marker of Renal Tubular Damage (N‐Acetyl‐β‐D‐Glucosaminidase) in Patients Without Diabetes

The authors assessed the association between the ratio of urinary activity of N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG) to creatinine and the brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in patients without overt diabetes mellitus (DM). This was a cross‐sectional study of 233 patients who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and no history of kidney disease. Patients were divided into two groups: high NAG group (>5.8 U/g creatinine) and low NAG group (≤5.8 U/g creatinine). Mean baPWVs of the high NAG group were significantly higher than those of the low NAG group in both the eGFR ≥30 and <60 tertiles and the eGFR ≥60 and <90 tertiles. The baPWV was positively correlated with NAG in all patients (r=0.341, P<.001). Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that the baPWV was significantly related with NAG, age, and systolic blood pressure. Elevated NAG is related to elevated arterial stiffness in patients without DM.
Measurement of Water Turnover Using Deuterium Dilution: Impact of Periodically Varying Turnover Rates on Precision and Accuracy

Abstract Water metabolism may be non-invasively investigated using deuterium elimination from the body. Evaluation of elimination constants (kD) and pool sizes (N) becomes complicated when turnover rates vary periodically - a realistic scenario in free-living subjects. Unfortunately, phase and frequency of periodic variations are not a priori known and can therefore not be used for a sampling protocol. This study investigates the impact of periodical flux variations on the measurement of water turnover. For two models of periodic variation with identical apparent kD, data sets of tracer concentrations in body water were generated for two-hour intervals using a monoexponential decay equation. Data were analyzed using the two- and the multi-point method increasing observation periods stepwise. Apparent values for kD, N and water turnover (RH₂O) were compared with values originally used in the model. Periodically varying turnover rates introduce considerable errors for kD and RH₂O when the two-point method is used. The multi-point method gives a more robust estimate of RH₂O already after short observation periods, however, due to slope-intercept correlations, still tends to overestimate RH₂O. Errors are more pronounced the more uneven flux rates are distributed. Stepwise analysis of tracer enrichments using the multi-point approach identifies periodical variation of flux rates.
A Nonmeshing Approach for Modeling Grounding

Nowadays grounding systems and protection devices are designed in order to protect goods and people at the industrial frequency range (50 Hz). In the future, buildings will include more and more smart and power electronics devices. This implies a need to consider a larger frequency range up to some hundreds MHz. Considering the heterogeneity of large systems including grounding, loads, power converters, and cabling, it could be interesting to benefit from the magnetic partial element equivalent circuit approach for which it is not necessary to mesh the media. This paper presents the force of this method, which leads to an electrical equivalent circuit of grounding and cabling systems directly useful in circuit simulator including power converters, loads, etc. The aim of this paper is to detail the modeling process, given this electrical equivalent circuit of grounding systems, taking into account on one hand the physical characteristics of the earth (resistivity and permittivity) and on the other hand the frequency range of disturbances sources. Using this approach, local values such as the current density along conductors, as well as potential everywhere in the studied domain, can be evaluated. Global values such as equivalent impedances can also be determined in order to improve the grounding design.
[Comparison of the cephalometric characteristics of snoring patients and apneic patients as a function of the degree of obesity. Apropos of 162 cases].

BACKGROUND The purpose of our study was to compare cephalometric analysis of craniofacial features in normal weight or obese subjects who are habitual snorers or apneic. We conducted a retrospective comparison of their clinical and cephalometric features by degree of obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and sixty two male subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) diagnosed by conventional polysomnography were included in the study. Patients were divided into four groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and their apnea/hypopnea index (AHI: Group 1 = normal-weight snorers (34 patients), Group 2 = normal-weight apneic subjects (40 patients), Group 3 = obese snorers (20 patients), Group 4 = obese apneic subjects (68 patients). Lateral cephalometry was performed in all patients. Intergroup comparisons (2/4, 1/2, 3/4) were made using 32 parameters to study the influence of the size of bone structures, their relationships, and size of the upper airways. RESULTS The four groups were comparable for age. AHI was higher for group 4 (obese apneic) compared with group 1 (normal-weight snorers). Compared with group 3 (obese snorers), group 1 (normal-weight snorers) had a retroposition of the mandible (smaller SNB and ANB angle), an accentuated facial divergence and a narrower pharyngeal space at the hyoid bone level. Compared with group 1 (normal-weight snorers), group 2 (normal-weight apneic) had a narrower pharyngeal space at different levels. Compared with group 3 (obese snorers), group 4 (obese apneic) had a lower hyoid bone evaluated with different cephalometric variables. CONCLUSION This study mainly shows that apneic patients exhibit craniofacial differences when divided into two groups according to their body mass index. Our findings are consistent with previous reports and could suggest a dual etiology of OSAS.
Radiological evaluation of single implants in maxillary anterior sites with special emphasis on their relation to adjacent teeth: a 3-year follow-up study.

AIM The aim of this study was to measure, in adults, changes in crest bone level around single dental implants in the anterior maxilla and continuous eruption of adjacent teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this prospective study, 50 patients received single-implant-supported crowns in the maxillary anterior region. Enrolled patients lacked maxillary anterior teeth as a sequel to trauma or agenesis in the maxillary anterior region. Participants were followed during a 3-year period. Baseline radiographs were taken at the time of loading and then repeated at one- and 3-year recalls. Radiographic parameters were recorded to assess changes in the skeletal bone structure and crest bone level. RESULTS Twenty-six patients attended for all recalls. Three patients were excluded owing to difficulties related to identifying the same radiographic landmark on the radiographs throughout the recall period. All implants were successfully integrated with no sign of peri-implantitis. The mean crest bone loss was 0.45 mm at the mesial aspect of the implant and 0.56 mm at the distal aspect. In smokers, there was significant bone loss on the distal aspect. Mean change between reference points on implant and adjacent tooth (continuous eruption of adjacent tooth) over the 3-year period was 0.67 mm. In women, mean change (0.79 mm) was statistically insignificantly higher, compared with men (0.59 mm). CONCLUSIONS Radiographic evaluation of crest bone level showed slight bone loss after 3 years of functional loading. Some changes in the eruption of neighbouring teeth were seen. Being a smoker was associated with significant negative changes related to the crest bone level.
A leading role for the immune system in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia

Preeclampsia syndrome is characterized by inadequate placentation, because of deficient trophoblastic invasion of the uterine spiral arteries, leading to placental hypoxia, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, the release of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors and miRNAs. Although immune‐system alterations are associated with the origin of preeclampsia, other factors, including proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophil activation, and endothelial dysfunction, are also related to the pathophysiology of this syndrome. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia may involve several factors, including persistent hypoxia at the placental level and the release of high amounts of STBMs. DAMP molecules released under hypoxic conditions and STBMs, which bind TLRs, may activate monocytes, DCs, NK cells, and neutrophils, promoting persistent inflammatory conditions in this syndrome. The development of hypertension in preeclamptic women is also associated with endothelial dysfunction, which may be mediated by various mechanisms, including neutrophil activation and NET formation. Furthermore, preeclamptic women have higher levels of nonclassic and intermediate monocytes and lower levels of lymphoid BDCA‐2+ DCs. The cytokines secreted by these cells may contribute to the inflammatory process and to changes in adaptive‐immune system cells, which are also modulated in preeclampsia. The changes in T cell subsets that may be seen in preeclampsia include low Treg activity, a shift toward Th1 responses, and the presence of Th17 lymphocytes. B cells can participate in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia by producing autoantibodies against adrenoreceptors and autoantibodies that bind the AT1‐R.
Use of Standardised Assessment Scales in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients

Standardised scales recommended by a joint working party from the Royal College of Physicians (RCP) and The British Geriatrics Society (BGS) in 1992 for the assessment of elderly hospitalised patients were employed in an elderly hip fracture population to investigate their feasibility and usefulness in this group. Patients were assessed at the time of their fracture and one, six and 12 months later. An informant was invited to provide information on behalf of patients (39%) who were classified as having significant memory and cognitive impairment (Abbreviated Mental Test score < 7) or if they had some other communication difficulty. Patients and informants found the format and content of the scales acceptable as well as the administration time of around one hour. Difficulties with the depression (Geriatric Depression Scale) and quality of life (Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale) scales were due to some patients' digressions, and the fact that little change was noted in the scores over the one-year period of follow-up questions their sensitivity. In the cohort of survivors 31% were classified as being depressed at baseline (score > 5) and this rose to 36% at one year. Ten per cent of the surviving patients were classed as dependent by the Barthel Index at the time of their fracture (score < 12) and this increased to 24% at one year. Despite exhibiting a ceiling effect, this scale was the most responsive of the scales at all time points. The social checklist highlighted important aspects for the management of hip fracture patients.