Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title Neurospora discreta as a model to assess adaptation of soil fungi to warming Permalink

Background: Short-term experiments have indicated that warmer temperatures can alter fungal biomass production and CO2 respiration, with potential consequences for soil C storage. However, we know little about the capacity of fungi to adapt to warming in ways that may alter C dynamics. Thus, we exposed Neurospora discreta to moderately warm (16 °C) and warm (28 °C) selective temperatures for 1500 mitotic generations, and then examined changes in mycelial growth rate, biomass, spore production, and CO2 respiration. We tested the hypothesis that strains will adapt to its selective temperature. Specifically, we expected that adapted strains would grow faster, and produce more spores per unit biomass (i.e., relative spore production). In contrast, they should generate less CO2 per unit biomass due to higher efficiency in carbon use metabolism (i.e., lower mass specific respiration, MSR). Results: Indeed, N. discreta adapted to warm temperatures, based on patterns of relative spore production. Adapted strains produced more spores per unit biomass than parental strains in the selective temperature. Contrary to our expectations, this increase in relative spore production was accompanied by an increase in MSR and a reduction in mycelial growth rate and biomass, compared to parental strains. Conclusions: Adaptation of N. discreta to warm temperatures may have elicited a tradeoff between biomass production and relative spore production, possibly because relative spore production required higher MSR rates. Therefore, our results do not support the idea that adaptation to warm temperatures will lead to a more efficient carbon use metabolism. Our data might help improve climate change model simulations and provide more concise predictions of decomposition processes and carbon feedbacks to the atmosphere.
2 A Linear Programming Approach

We present an approach to studying the community structures of networks by using linear programming (LP). Starting with a network in terms of (a) a collection of nodes and (b) a collection of edges connecting some of these nodes, we use a new LP-based method for simultaneously (i) finding, at minimal cost, a second edge set by deleting existing and inserting additional edges so that the network becomes a disjoint union of cliques and (ii) appropriately calibrating the costs for doing so. We provide examples that suggest that, in practice, this approach provides a surprisingly good strategy for detecting community structures in given networks.
Development of a customizable digital tool for assessing aircraft passenger discomfort and fatigue

The sitting position could be a source of discomfort, in particular in a long haul flight. This discomfort comes partially from mechanical factors linked to the interaction between the passenger and the seat. Having biomechanical models which can simulate this interaction and estimate these factors would allow optimizing the seat design in its conception phase to improve it ergonomic quality and reduce the passenger discomfort. The objective of this thesis is to develop a digital tool allowing estimating the mechanical factors leading to discomfort and fatigue of the passenger. This tool assemble two kinds of models, a finite element model allowing to simulate the sub dermal tissue deformation and a multibody model allowing to estimate the muscular and joint forces. A coupling method of the two models have been developed allowing simulating a position from where the all discomfort factors are estimated. A finite element model has been developed after having done a sensitivity analysis on the different model parameters (mesh, geometry, material law). A multibody model developed by Anybody was used to be associated with this finite element model. This iterative coupling method between the two models allowed realizing an adjustment of the initial posture in the seat. To simulate the whole population and is large morphological diversity, a parametric shape model was developed from 3d experimental data, this shape model allowing to obtain a finite element model representing any kind of anthropometry. Different validation processes have been realized with experimental data and subject-specific model. The simulated extern pressures were compared to experimental data. An experimental study done in an open MRI allowed to measure the different subcutaneous tissue to compare it to the simulated data. A digital tool is consequently now available to simulate the impact of the seat on the passenger, however future studies should focus on the one hand on the models studying the internal morphological variations between people, the person positioning in the seat, the time influence on the soft tissue and on the other hand on the discomfort and fatigue criteria
Identifying the stereotypical who, what, and why of physics and biology

Supporting efforts to grow the scientific workforce means articulating and comparing the content of science field stereotypes. To do this, data were collected from the general public [undergraduates (n 1⁄4 121) and Amazon Mechanical Turk workers (n 1⁄4 223)] as well as from people within science [attendees of an undergraduate conference for women in physics (n 1⁄4 34)]. Participants were randomly assigned to consider either biologists or physicists and then produce both spontaneous judgments and rate various person traits (e.g., ratings related to looks and personality and hobbies) and field characteristics (e.g., ratings related to the working conditions, norms, and expectations for the field). Analyses show stereotypes of the scientist and the science field were statistically significantly negative overall, with stereotypes about physicists and the field of physics more negative than biology. Compared to biologists, physicists were perceived as statistically significantly more competent, but statistically significantly more unattractive, tech oriented, awkward, and loners. Furthermore, compared to biology, a job in physics was viewed as having fewer opportunities for working with and helping others, but more opportunities for agency, a greater requirement for innate brilliance and effort to succeed, and as more difficult. That said, physicists were more envied than biologists. Data were triangulated with open-ended responses illustrating that across samples, people are more likely to reproduce science stereotypes for physicists. Implications for stereotype research and broadening participation of the science workforce are discussed, with a focus on the utility of role models and classroom interventions that negate stereotypes such as writing activities and encouraging students to approach physics with a growth mindset. Instructors are encouraged to consider what stereotypes students have about the field of physics and physicists. At the department level, instructors are encouraged to consider hosting a Conference for Undergraduate Women in Physics sponsored in part by the American Physical Society.
DYT6 dystonia: Review of the literature and creation of the UMD locus‐specific database (LSDB) for mutations in the THAP1 gene

By family‐based screening, first Fuchs and then many other authors showed that mutations in THAP1 (THAP [thanatos‐associated protein] domain‐containing, apoptosis‐associated protein 1) account for a substantial proportion of familial, early‐onset, nonfocal, primary dystonia cases (DYT6 dystonia). THAP1 is the first transcriptional factor involved in primary dystonia and the hypothesis of a transcriptional deregulation, which was primarily proposed for the X‐linked dystonia‐parkinsonism (DYT3 dystonia), provided thus a new way to investigate the possible mechanism underlying the development of dystonic movements. Currently, 56 families present with a THAP1 mutation; however, no genotype/phenotype relationship has been found. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review of the literature on the THAP1 gene to colligate all reported patients with a specific THAP1 mutation and the associated clinical signs in order to describe the broad phenotypic continuum of this disorder. To facilitate the comparison of the identified mutations, we created a Locus‐Specific Database (UMD‐THAP1 LSDB) available at http://www.umd. be/THAP1/. Currently, the database lists 56 probands and 43 relatives with the associated clinical phenotype when available. The identification of a larger number of THAP1 mutations and collection of high‐quality clinical information for each described mutation through international collaborative effort will help investigating the structure–function and genotype–phenotype correlations in DYT6 dystonia. Hum Mutat 32:1213–1224, 2011. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maize AUXIN-BINDING PROTEIN 1 and AUXIN-BINDING PROTEIN 4 impact on leaf growth , elongation , and seedling responsiveness to auxin and light Dejana

In maize, at least five auxin-binding proteins (ABPs) have been identified, yet their functions remain unclear. The present study reports the use of maize abp1, abp4, and abp1abp4 mutants to investigate the role of ABPs during maize growth and development. Single and double abp mutant plants grown in a greenhouse differ from the wild type (WT) in their leaf declination and leaf blade growth. The effect of the dark (D), blue light (BL), red light (RL), and exogenous auxin on the development of mutant seedlings was also studied. Relative to WT, etiolated mutant seedlings were shorter and showed a reduced responsiveness to exogenous auxin. In BL or RL, the responsiveness of maize seedlings to auxin was distinctly less than in D. The reducing effect of light on seedling responsiveness to auxin is mediated at least by phytochromes. The suppression of ABP1 and (or) ABP4 led to a distinct accumulation of free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in etiolated and light-grown seedling organs. We concluded that ABP1 and ABP4 participate in the growth of maize seedlings, mediate seedling responses to auxin, and interact with light signaling pathway(s). We also deduce a functional interaction between ABP1 and ABP4, which is that the relationship between them is light-, organand response-dependent.
Effects of harvest time on functional compounds and fruit antioxidant capacity in ten strawberry cultivars

BACKGROUND: Huelva (Spain) is the main region for strawberry production in Europe. Most fruit production is exported for fresh consumption to European countries, where consumers demand high fruit quality and appreciate its healthy properties. Strawberry intake is a valuable source of antioxidants compounds with important health benefits. The higher the antioxidant capacity of a cultivar, the better the enhancement of human health. OBJECTIVE: The comparative knowledge of fruit composition on antioxidant compounds and its variation along the cropping season, in ten strawberry cultivars cropped at Huelva. METHODS: Fruit yield and citric acid, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, anthocyanins content as well as antioxidant capacity of fruits were evaluated in ten strawberry cultivars at three harvesting times during the 2014 field campaign. RESULTS: Yield and fruit parameters analyzed were strongly influenced by the genotype and by the time of harvesting. Strawberry fruit quality and antioxidant properties were greater when harvested from midto lateseason and were not associated with higher yields. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy properties of strawberry fruits depend on cultivar and harvest time. Knowledge of the nutritional properties of these strawberry cultivars might translate into benefits to growers and enhancement of health for consumers.
Rendezvous Hotel , Auckland , New Zealand , ISBN : 978-1-922069-665 Proposed Empirical Research Concerning the Performance Management in the New Zealand Not for Profit Sector

Many not for profit organisations continue to show disappointing performances in the areas of performance measurement and evaluation, as evidenced by empirical research. However, what research that has been done in this area is small and needs to be performed on a much larger scale and depth. This research is in a transitionary stage as a result of empirical research that is currently underway in the New Zealand Not For Profit Sector by the author. This paper will introduce some of the important issues that need further investigating in the areas of performance measurement and evaluation to assist the non-profit sector in being a dynamic and sustainable force in the third sector that it occupies. Some of these issues under the microscope will include competency problems, the increasing funder demands for information concerning the nonprofits evaluation of their programmes, the level of commitment of non-profit organisations to evaluation and performance measurement and the level of support especially funding provided to those non-profits that carry out performance measurement and evaluation.
Impact Factor : 5 . 99 Production of Cassava Starch Bioplastic Film Reinforced with PolyLactic Acid ( PLA )

Biodegradable thermoplastic starch from cassava starch was produced in this study. The thermoplastic starch (TPS) produced was reinforced with Polylactic Acid (PLA) so as to improve their physical properties. The TPS was produced using a casting method of polymer preparation and later subject to a compression moulding to form a 2 mm film. Glycerol was used as the plasticizer with content varying from 10 to 30% along with the varying amount of water (40 60%) and acetic acid (0 – 10%) content. The results show that glycerol has a significant effect on the tensile strength of the material while the effect of water was more significant in the elongation and water absorption properties of the TPS. An optimum value of tensile strength (11 MPa), percentage elongation at break (12%) and percentage water absorption (32%) was derived at 28, 60, and 2% of glycerol, water and acetic acid respectively. Addition of Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) to the TPS at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% results in a significant positive improvement on the tensile strength (11 MPa to 38 MPa) and reduction in the percentage water absorption (30% to 10%) of the TPS with no significant improvement on the percentage elongation of the material. The TPS/PLA composite with higher tensile strength and lower water absorption can be utilized in some applications to replace the non-biodegradable synthetic plastic so as to reduce the unsustainable waste generation from the use of synthetic plastic.
Studies in Upside-down Flies ( Diptera : Neurochaetidae ) Part I . Systematics and Phylogeny

Neurocytta and Neurotexis are described as new subgenera oi Neurochaeta. Neurochaeta (Neurochaeta) magnifica (Papua New Guinea), Neurochaeta {Neurochaeta) capilo and Neurochaeta {Neurochaeta) parviceps n.spp. (West Malaysia) are described. The genus Nothoasteia is transferred from Asteiidae to Neurochaetidae and Nothoasteia clausa n.sp. (Western Australia) is described. The ground-plan characters for the Neurochaetidae are given in the light of the newly included taxa, and variation in the structure of the arista, the prosternum, the scutellum, and the postnotum is examined. Phylogeny within the family is discussed. Keys to genera, subgenera, and species are given. David K. McAlpine, The Australian Museum, Box A285 Sydney South, Australia 2000; manuscript received 21 May 1986, accepted for publication 22 July 1987.
Modelling feeding , growth and habitat selection in larval cod ( Gadus morhua ) : observations and model predictions in a macrocosm environment

Individual based models (IBMs) integrate behavioural, physiological, and developmental features and differences among individuals. Building on previous process-based models, we developed an IBM of larval cod (Gadus morhua L.) that included foraging, size-, temperatureand food-limited growth, and environmental factors such as prey-field, turbulence, and light. Direct comparison between larval fish IBMs and experimental studies are lacking. Using data from a macrocosm study on growth and feeding of larval cod, we forced the model with observed temperature and prey-field and compared model predictions to observed distribution, diet, size-atage, and specific growth rates. We explored implications of habitat selection rules on predicted growth rates. We analyze the sensitivity of model predictions by the Latin Hypercube Sampling method and individual parameter perturbation. Food limitation prevented larvae from growing at their physiological maximum, especially in the period 5-17 days post hatch (DPH). Active habitat selection had the potential to enhance larval growth rates. The model predicted temperature-limited growth rates for first-feeding larva (5-20 DPH) when prey density is > 5 nauplii L. After the age 20 DPH, maximum modelled growth required a diet of copepodites. Simulated growth rates were close to observed values except for the period just after the start of exogenous feeding when prey density was low.
A study of perceived air quality and sick building syndrome in a field environment chamber served by displacement ventilation system in the tropics

This paper presents a study of Perceived Air Quality (PAQ) and Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) using tropically acclimatized subjects in a Field Environmental Chamber (FEC) served by Displacement Ventilation (DV) system. The FEC, 11.12m (L) 7.53m (W) 2.60m (H), simulates a typical office layout. A total of 60 subjects, 30 males and 30 females, were engaged in sedentary office work for 3 h. Air velocity in the space near the subjects was kept at below 0.2m/s. Relative Humidity (RH) at 0.6m height and outdoor air provision were maintained at 50% and 10 l/s/p, respectively. Subjects were exposed to three vertical air temperature gradients, nominally 1, 3 and 5K/m, between 0.1 and 1.1m heights and three room air temperatures 20, 23 and 26 1C at 0.6m height. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of temperature gradient and room air temperature (at 0.6m height) on PAQ and SBS in DV environment. It was found that temperature gradient had insignificant impact on PAQ and SBS. Dry air sensation, irritations and air freshness decreased with increase of room air temperature. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The relationships between local muscular endurance and kinematic changes during a run to exhaustion at vVO2max.

The relationships between local muscular endurance and kinematic changes during a run to exhaustion at vVo2max. J Strength Cond. Res. 18(4):000-000. 2004. -A recent study suggested that runners who maintain a stable running style are able to run for longer at vVo2max velocity (vVo2max). This may be because of the capacity of various muscle groups to maintain their functions despite the onset of fatigue. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between local muscular endurance of both the hip and knee extensor and flexor muscle groups and the kinematic changes during a run to exhaustion at vVo2max. Six subelite runners (age 24.2 + 4.2) participated in this study;they were considered as a homogeneous group based upon theirvVo2max scores (coefficient of variation = 3.9%). They performed an incremental protocol to determine vVo2max, a series of isokinetic tests to determine the local muscular endurance of both knee and hip flexors and extensors, and a run to exhaustion at vVo2max. The change in kinematic variables between the beginning and the end of the run were correlated with the measures of muscular endurance. Several statistically significant negative correlations emerged between the change in stride length and concentric hip extension (HE(con)), r = -0.934; eccentric hip extension (HE(ecc)), r = -0.818; eccentric knee flexion(KF(ecc)), r = -0.957; and change in maximum hip extension (Delta max HE), r - -0.857; and Delta max HE with HE(con), r = -0.846. We concluded that the local muscular endurance of both HE(con) and KF(ecc) are important in maintaining a stable running style.
Math = male, me = female, therefore math ≠ me.

College students, especially women, demonstrated negativity toward math and science relative to arts and language on implicit measures. Group membership (being female), group identity (self female), and gender stereotypes (math male) were related to attitudes and identification with mathematics. Stronger implicit math male stereotypes corresponded with more negative implicit and explicit math attitudes for women but more positive attitudes for men. Associating the self with female and math with male made it difficult for women, even women who had selected math-intensive majors, to associate math with the self. These results point to the opportunities and constraints on personal preferences that derive from membership in social groups. When the New York Times interviewed the three living female descendants of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the focus was not on the indisputable mark she had left on American society but rather the effect she had had on her own family (Bumiller, 1998). The accomplishments of this housewife who organized the historic 1848 Seneca Falls convention to demand the right of women to vote were visible even in the careers of her own daughters and their daughters. The youngest of the women interviewed, also named Elizabeth and 13 years old at the time, said that she would like to be an engineer or an architect, following in the footsteps of her grandmother and great-grandmother. Although she showed cognizance of the hurdles that stood in the way of her ancestor’s battle for a simple equality, she was optimistic about the present, remarking that now “anything’s possible for anyone” (p. B6). The idea that anything ought to be possible for anyone is the foundation of many proclamations of equality, such as the constitutions of nations and their legal codes. Yet, as even a superficial historical glance reveals, demarcations of humans into social groups and their unequal access to resources have been the primary impetus for theory and action to achieve social justice. As psychologists, we are interested in the mechanisms by which aspirations for equality are undermined—not by a lack of legal protection but in the more basic social and mental processes that determine individual preferences and choices. The operation of such processes can be subversive—they appear to reflect a free and individually determined choice when in fact they reflect group membership, the strength of identity with the group, and beliefs about the capability of the group. In this article, we focus on the fundamental dichotomy of gender as we investigate preferences for mathematics (and science) versus the arts (and language). The covariation between gender and orientation toward math and science is well known: Men are assumed to be and demonstrated to be more inclined to participate
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Understanding the Psychosocial Impact of Surviving Childhood Cancer Into Young Adulthood

Little research has been done to explore how the psychological symptoms of child and adolescent cancer survivors change in the decades following successful treatment. This article examines these changes with a focus on the utility of a posttraumatic stress framework for understanding the long-term coping issues that individuals face as they mature and make transitions to young adulthood. First, the literature supporting the use of a posttraumatic stress framework in child and adolescent survivors is reviewed. Developmental contributions to changes and increases in posttraumatic symptomatology during young adulthood are then discussed and posttraumatic symptoms most often seen in this group are presented. Preliminary research with young adult survivors is also reviewed and discussed as support for a posttraumatic stress framework with this population. Ongoing research efforts aimed at elaborating on this framework are described. Finally, clinical implications for health care providers are explored, and guidelines for assessing the impact of posttraumatic stress on young adults' use of health care resources are offered.