Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical process control in self compensating emitters using water at different saline concentrations

The statistical process control applied in the irrigation systems allows the visualization of process to reduce wastage of inputs, such as water and energy quality, which contributes to assessing its proper functioning, and feasibility of implementation and operation. That is why it is necessary to evaluate the self-compensating emitters using saline water at different concentrations. This experiment was applied in the greenhouse, agricultural engineering academic unit, Federal University of Campina Grande. The treatments consisted of five salinity levels of irrigation water (ECwi) (0.6, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1 at 25°C), set in pressure of 160 kPa during 15 irrigation trials for new emitters, with 350 h of operation. The use of statistical process control tool has shown promise in identifying emitters’ problems due to the use of lower quality water for irrigation. The inferior quality of water does not influence the flow and Christiansen uniformity coefficient of self-compensating emitters, but after 350 h of operation, there is need management operations and maintenance of the system to be made. The uniformity coefficient Christiansen (CUC) for new and used emitters above 90% was rated as excellent in all treatments saline. The Shewhart control charts allowed diagnosing of about 350 h of operation which is necessary for the maintenance of the irrigation system when operating with saline water. Key words: Quality engineering, Shewhart charts, electrical conductivity.
Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Stagnant Dielectric Liquid by the Up and Down Motion of Conductive Particles Induced by Coulomb Forces

When charged particles are exposed to an electric field the well-known Coulomb force acts on them. In this investigation, this force is utilized to induce vertical motion of spherical steel particles submerged in a dielectric liquid. The interelectrode space of a two parallel electrode system is filled with the liquid and dispersed steel particles, which become charged after contact with the electrodes. Experiments were carried out to measure the effect of this particle motion on the heat transfer between an electrode surface and an adjacent stagnant dielectric liquid. In order to interpret the experimental data, the dynamics of particles was analytically studied for low particle volume concentrations. Experimental results demonstrate significant heat transfer enhancement on low viscosity dielectric liquids. A detailed discussion is presented on the possible mechanisms responsible for such an enhancement.
CONSANGUINITY AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME AMONG RURAL PREGNANT WOMEN OF BELGAUM DISTRICT

Background: Although unions between close biological relatives are preferred in many parts of South India, there still is a large gap of knowledge of this feature of human kinship structure. So, the present study was conducted to know the prevalence and types of consanguineous marriages and its effect on abortion, stillbirth, mortality and congenital malformation. Methods: The present longitudinal study was carried out in Kinaye Primary Health Centre of district Belgaum. All the pregnant women residing in the study area were included in the study, the number of whom was 1138. Results: The prevalence of consanguinity in our study was found to be 20.3%. Majority (53.2%) of the marriages were between first cousins. The prevalence of consanguinity was significantly higher in illiterate couples (p < 0.001 and p 0.004) and in women belonging to Muslim religion (p 0.02). No significant effect of consanguinity was noted on the rate of abortion, stillbirth, mortality and congenital malformation. Conclusion: Consanguinity was higher among illiterate rural couples. Hence efforts should be made to enhance the literacy status through Information, Education and Communication activities. Consanguinity is one of the important contributory factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. So, it would be advisable to avoid consanguineous unions in families where already a congenital malformed child has been born.
Evaluating alternative MPS development methods using MCDM and numerical simulation

One of the key elements in production planning hierarchy is master production scheduling. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare thirteen alternative MPS development methods, including multi-objective optimization as well as twelve heuristics, in different operating conditions for multi-product single-level capacity-constrained production systems. We extract six critical criteria from the previous related researches and employ them in a MCDM framework. The Shannon entropy is used to weight the criterion and TOPSIS is proposed for ranking the alternative methods. To be able to generalize the results, 324 cases considering different operating conditions are simulated. The results show that the most important criteria are instability and inventory/setup costs, respectively. A performance analysis of MPS development methods is reported that the heuristics provides better results than multi-objective optimization in many conditions. A sensitivity analysis for critical parameters is also provided. Finally, the proposed methodology is implemented in a wire & cable company.
A Developmental Analysis of Children’s Equivalence-class Formation and Disruption

Developmental differences in children’s conditional discrimination learning, equivalenceclass formation, and equivalence-class disruption were investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, children between 2 and 9 years of age demonstrated age-related differences across a series of preliminary training steps, such that time to acquisition was more variable for younger than for older children on an initial identity matching and category matching task. However, uponcompletion of the preliminary training, there were no age-related differences in time to acquisition of the two arbitrary conditional discriminations that would serve as the basis for equivalence-class formation, nor were there differences in time to demonstrate stable equivalence classes (Experiment 2). Also in Experiment 2, children between 2 and 14 years of age were exposed to a potential challenge to the demonstrated equivalence classes; the reinforcement contingency for theAC conditional discrimination was reversed (i.e., given A1, A2 or A3, reinforcers were produced by selecting C2, C3, or C1 respectively). While there was little change in performance on reflexivity or BA symmetry tests following the challenge, age-related differences were obtained for CA symmetry and combined tests for equivalence. The older children were more likely to demonstrate an orderly change in equivalence-class membership consistent with the reversal training, while the younger children showed either little change or substantial disruption in their equivalence patterns. These data are considered in relation to more traditional investigations of children’s category formation, as well as their implications for the study of equivalence-class formation and flexibility.
Does personality similarity in bottlenose dolphin pairs influence dyadic bond characteristics

Author(s): Moreno, Kelsey R; Highfill, Lauren; Kuczaj II, Stan A | Abstract: Social structures are critical to the success of many species and have repercussions on health, well-being, and adaptation, yet little is known about the factors which shape these structures aside from ecology and life history strategies. Dyadic bonds are the basis of all social structures; however, mechanisms for formations of specific bonds or patterns in which individuals form which types of bonds have yet to be demonstrated. There is a variety of evidence indicating personality may be a factor in shaping bonds, but this relationship has not been explored with respect to bond components and is yet to be demonstrated in dolphins. This study utilizes a captive population in a naturalistic environment to test for correlation between similarity within the dyad along each personality factor and the strength of the dyad’s bond characteristics. Personality was assessed using a Five Factor Model questionnaire. Dyadic bond strength and characteristic qualities were determined through an exploratory factor analysis to group behaviors recorded via underwater opportunistic focal-follow video. Discovered bond components differed from previous studies and were termed affiliative support, sociosexual, and conflict play. Individuals who differed in Extraversion and Neuroticism displayed greater levels of bonding. This study expands our understanding of the formation of bonds between individuals and the evolution of social structure. Furthermore, it better equips us for making informed environmental policy decisions and improving captive animal care.
Performances of Stochastic Approaches in Generating Low Streamflow Data for Drought Analysis

This study analyzed the monthly-minimum daily discharge data of each month from three gauge stations on Cekerek Stream for forecasting using stochastic approaches. Initially non-parametric test (Mann-Kendall) was used to identify the trend during study period. The two approaches of stochastic modeling, ARIMA and Thomas-Fiering models, were used to simulate the monthly-minimum daily discharge data of each month. The error estimates (RMSE and MAE) of forecasts from both approaches were compared to identify the most suitable approach for reliable forecast. The two error estimates calculated for two approaches indicate that ARIMA model appear to be slightly better than Thomas-Fiering. However, both approaches were identified as appropriate method for simulating the monthly-minimum daily discharge data of each month from three gauge stations on Cekerek Stream.
Sensitivity Analysis of Unsteady Flow Fields and Impact of Measurement Strategy

Difficulty of data assimilation arises from a large difference between the sizes of a state vector to be determined, that is, the number of spatiotemporal mesh points of a discretized numerical model and a measurement vector, that is, the amount of measurement data. Flow variables on a large number of mesh points are hardly defined by spatiotemporally limited measurements, which poses an underdetermined problem. In this study we conduct the sensitivity analysis of two- and three-dimensional vortical flow fields within a framework of data assimilation. The impact of measurement strategy, which is evaluated by the sensitivity of the 4D-Var cost function with respect to measurements, is investigated to effectively determine a flow field by limited measurements. The assimilation experiment shows that the error defined by the difference between the reference and assimilated flow fields is reduced by using the sensitivity information to locate the limited number of measurement points. To conduct data assimilation for a long time period, the 4D-Var data assimilation and the sensitivity analysis are repeated with a short assimilation window.
Observations on Antennal Morphology in Diptera, with Particular Reference to the Articular Surfaces between Segments 2 and 3 in the Cyclorrhapha

The main features of antennal segments 2 and 3 seen in the higher Diptera are described, including many that are not or inadequately covered in available publications. The following terms are introduced or clarified: for segment 2 or the pedicel—annular ridge, caestus, chin, collar, conus, distal articular surface, encircling furrow, foramen of articulation, foraminal cusp, foraminal ring, pedicellar button, pedicellar cup, rim; for segment 3 or the postpedicel—basal foramen, basal hollow, basal stem, postpedicellar pouch, sacculus, scabrous tongue, sub-basal caecum; for the stylus or arista—stylar goblet. Particular attention is given to the occurrence and position of the pedicellar button. The button is the cuticular component of a chordotonal organ, which perhaps has the role of a baroreceptor. It is present in the majority of families of Diptera, and possibly was present in the ancestral dipteran. Some generalizations about antennal structure are made, and a diagram showing the main trends in antennal evolution in the Eremoneura is provided. The general form of the antenna shows a transition from approximate radial symmetry (e.g., in Empis, Microphor, and Opetia) through to superficial bilateral symmetry (in many taxa of Eumuscomorpha), though there is usually much asymmetry in detail. More detailed descriptions and illustrations are given for selected taxa of Cyclorrhapha. The phenomenon of an additional concealed segment-like structure between segments 2 and 3, found among the Chloropidae, Pyrgotidae, etc., and formed from the basally flexible conus, is described. Some antennal features of the Calyptratae suggest a relationship to the Tephritoidea. Critical comments are made with regard to the recently published phylogenetic association of the Ironomyiidae with the Phoridae and the Pallopteridae with the Neurochaetidae. In discussing relationships of some taxa, a few non-antennal features, some needing further study, are mentioned, e.g., variation in separation of abdominal tergites 1 and 2 in the Opetiidae and other lower cyclorrhaphous families; the presence of supplementary claw-like terminal tarsal processes in the Lonchopteridae; the apparent restriction of the presence of barbed macrotrichia to the Phoridae, among lower cyclorrhaphans; variation in structure of the prelabrum in the Pyrgotidae; the microstructure of the facial cuticle in the Syringogastridae as compared with that of other families; the calyptrate-like development of the squama in some tephritoid taxa; variation in the subscutellum in the Conopidae; a feature of the larval posterior spiracles diagnostic for Coelopidae.
rowth response and resistance to Streptococcus iniae of Nile tilapia , reochromis niloticus , fed diets containing different levels of wheat istiller ’ s dried grains with solubles with or without lysine upplementation

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of wheat distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with or without lysine supplementation on growth, body composition, hematology, immune response, and resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, to Streptococcus iniae challenge. Nine isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 100, 200, 300 and 400 g/kg wheat DDGS without (W0–W400) and with (WL100–WL400) lysine supplementation to a level equal to that of the control diet as partial replacement of a combination of soybean meal (SBM) and maize meal (MM) on an equal protein basis. Each diet was fed to juvenile Nile tilapia (3.92 ± 0.07 g) in triplicate aquaria twice daily to apparent satiation for 10 weeks. Fish fed W400 had lower (P<0.05) weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared with those fed the control diet. Supplementation of lysine to the 400 g/kg wheat DDGS diet (WL400) increased (P<0.05) WG, FER, PER to levels similar to those fed control diet. The values of these variables did not differ among fish fed W0–W300 and WL100–WL400. No differences (P>0.05) were observed among whole body moisture, protein and fat of fish receiving various diets. Whole body ash tended to increase with increasing levels of dietary wheat DDGS, but the differences were not always significant. Hematological and immunological parameters, the average number of days to first mortality after S. iniae challenge and cumulative mortality 4 weeks post challenge were not affected (P>0.05) by dietary treatments. Results of this study suggest that wheat DDGS can be incorporated in Nile tilapia diets at a level of 300 g/kg as a substitute, on an equal protein basis, for a combination of SBM and MM without requiring lysine supplementation. The inclusion level of wheat DDGS can be increased to at least 400 g/kg (highest level evaluated) if lysine was supplemented to a level equal to that of the control diet. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones in two Austrian mountain streams (Fischbach and Ruetz): system calibration, grain size estimation, and environmental signal pick-up

Abstract. The Swiss plate geophone system is a bedload surrogate measuring technique that has been installed in more than 20 streams, primarily in the European Alps. Here we report about calibration measurements performed in two mountain streams in Austria. The Fischbach and Ruetz gravel-bed streams are characterized by important runoff and bedload transport during the snowmelt season. A total of 31 (Fischbach) and 21 (Ruetz) direct bedload samples were obtained during a 6-year period. Using the number of geophone impulses and total transported bedload mass for each measurement to derive a calibration function results in a strong linear relation for the Fischbach, whereas there is only a poor linear calibration relation for the Ruetz measurements. Instead, using geophone impulse rates and bedload transport rates indicates that two power law relations best represent the Fischbach data, depending on transport intensity; for lower transport intensities, the same power law relation is also in reasonable agreement with the Ruetz data. These results are compared with data and findings from other field sites and flume studies. We further show that the observed coarsening of the grain size distribution with increasing bedload flux can be qualitatively reproduced from the geophone signal, when using the impulse counts along with amplitude information. Finally, we discuss implausible geophone impulse counts that were recorded during periods with smaller discharges without any bedload transport, and that are likely caused by vehicle movement very near to the measuring sites.
Probability of Default Estimation for Construction Firms

The purpose of this work is to create one statistical model for a future behaviour of construction companies. The model, therefore, aims to quantify the potential for progress and durability of construction companies operating in the Italian territory, as well as may assign ratings. Paper summarizes the typical rating process with the identification of definite financial paradigms suitable to rank the companies by solvency criteria in scale credit ratings.
Unmet Needs in Understanding Sublingual Immunotherapy to Grass Pollen

The lack of medication for allergy symptoms at the end of the last millennium has been the promoter of the idea of treating allergies as if you were treating an infectious disease, by vaccination prophylaxis. Two forms of AIT 1) subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and 2) sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are used in the world. Considerable interest has emerged in SLIT both scientifically and especially financially. SLIT is not a new treatment modality. First description dates back to 1900 when H. Curtis. It was relatively widely used until the late 1970’s mainly in US by homeopathic therapists. A number of case series describing experience with the oral route were published during the 1920s and 1930s, but it seems to have been perceived not as efficacious nor as well tolerated as subcutaneous immunotherapy. The companies producing allergen immuno- therapy have an alliance with important opinion leaders on both shores of the Atlantic. If SLIT did not work for 40 years, why should it work for respiratory allergic diseases today? This question is the mother of all questions in the field of respiratory allergic diseases. The purpose of this chapter is to provide past and current information about immunotherapy, and discuss controversies over efficacy and safety, and dosing consid erations for SLIT to grass. immunotherapy (SCIT), Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), Allergic rhinitis, Grass
A comparison of the effects of six weeks oftraditional resistance training, plyometric training, and complex training on measures of power

Optimal training techniques designed to maximize strength/ power characteristics are of considerable interest to strength and conditioning specialists, strength coaches, sport coaches, sport scientists, and researchers.1 Athletes/clients should incorporate both resistance and plyometric training, if possible, into their training programs (during the appropriate periods of training), theoretically promoting gains in muscular strength/power.2 Complex training is defined as alternating between traditional resistance training (heavy loads) and plyometric exercises (lighter loads) within a single session.2,3 The plyometric exercises are performed within the same set as the traditional resistance exercises and are biomechanically similar in movement patterns and the two biomechanically similar exercises are referred to as a complex pair 2 and it may be an optimal strategy at enhancing strength\power by enhancing neuromuscular activity,1,3,4 resulting from post activation potentiation (PAP). PAP could promote gains in strength/power by increasing: phosphorylation of myosin light chains; contractile element calcium sensitivity; motor unit synchronization; localized muscle temperature; or high threshold motor unit recruitment.5-7 Complex training program design literature account for exercise selection, loading, and rest within each training session.8 Literature concerning complex training often reports enhanced measures of athletic ability when compared to other training protocols.9,10,11 Adams et al. (1992) concluded a protocol of combined squat and plyometric training resulted in better vertical jump characteristics than a squat only protocol.4 Duthie et al. (2002) concluded complex and contrast training improved outcome measures.10 Mihalik et al. (2008) established short term complex and compound training both substantially improved jump heights.12 Fatouros et al. (2000) investigated the differences between plyometric training, resistance training, and their combination, concluding the combined group jumped higher while producing greater jumping power and flight time.11 When complex/combination research is considered, a number of studies have recommended the
The seven "oddities" of Pacific Odonata biogeography

The existing literature on the Odonata inhabiting the three large divisions of the Pacific Ocean (Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia) is revised taking into consideration earlier discussions on the species origin, historical faunistic records, various palaeogeographical models proposed for the area, general data on the biology and ecology of this insect order. Special emphasis is paid on the incomplete data set for the region and inconsistency of the exploration of this vast area. The taxonomy and fauna of the Pacific Odonata is far from complete which makes it very difficult to provide any plausible hypothesis on the biogeographical pattern that we observe today. The widely accepted view of long distance dispersal from a centre of origin as the only possible means for species to occupy remote oceanic island archipelagos is critically reviewed. There are seven phenomena in the current Odonata distribution that cannot be explained only by random gene transfer mediated by wind dispersal. Those are called “oddities”, however, they are believed to be regularities of past geological events and modern day human associated activities within the Pacific. The rationale for each of them is explained in details and illustrated with distribution maps following the current taxonomy of the group. A new approach is suggested to tackle the question of the origin of the Pacific Odonata by relating the higher taxa distribution to the geological events and palaeontology of the families. It is not intended to be a new hypothesis yet before more systematic studies of the taxonomy and fauna of the group. Therefore, it is believed that the new method suggested here will increase the attention of the scientific community and will boost studies on this insect order within the Pacific Ocean. Discussion on its applicability is provided with attention to details that are difficult to be explained with the Pacific Odonata palaeontology as we know it for the moment.