Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subjective cognitive complaints relate to mild impairment of cognition in multiple sclerosis

Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), but cannot be reliably predicted by physical impairment. The negative impact of cognitive impairment makes early detection important, but subjective cognitive complaints may be attributed to depression. We examined the relationship between subjectively reported and objectively measured cognitive impairment in MS, adjusting for mood. A neuropsychological battery, the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), the Mental Health Inventory (MHI), the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ) were administered to 136 patients. Demographically-adjusted cognitive scores were calculated. Subjective impairment was defined as PDQ score-2 standard deviations above that for healthy persons. We modeled the relationship of cognitive scores (independent variables) to being subjectively impaired (dependent variable) using logistic regression. Immediate Memory (IM) and Processing Speed Index (PSI) scores were non-linearly related to subjective impairment. Patients were less likely to report subjective impairment if their PSI was normal (OR-0.11; 0.02-0.73) or markedly impaired (OR-0.17; 0.03-0.91), compared to mildly reduced PSI. In young patients decreases in IM were associated with increased subjective impairment (OR-1.25; 1.07-1.47). Subjectively reported impairment reflects subtle declines in PSI and IM independent of mood, fatigue, and physical impairment. Cognitive complaints should not be discounted due to depression.
Pathological gambling, delusional parasitosis and adipsia as a post-haemorrhagic syndrome: A case report

The authors describe the case of a 70-year-old male who developed a peculiar syndrome characterized by pathological gambling (PG), delusional parasitosis and adipsia with mild frontal symptoms. Onset of the syndrome followed a cerebral haematoma involving hypothalamic and bilateral ventromedial prefrontal areas. The potential manifestation of PG following a lesion in the above areas may contribute towards furthering the understanding of pathological conditions underlying this disorder.
GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM TWO BLAZARS BEHIND THE GALACTIC PLANE: B2013+370 AND B2023+336

B2013+370 and B2023+336 are two blazars at low-galactic latitude that were previously proposed to be the counterparts for the EGRET unidentified sources 3EG J2016+3657 and 3EG J2027+3429. Gamma-ray emission associated with the EGRET sources has been detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, and the two sources, 1FGL J2015.7+3708 and 1FGL J2027.6+3335, have been classified as unidentified in the 1 year catalog. This analysis of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data collected during 31 months reveals that the 1FGL sources are spatially compatible with the blazars and are significantly variable, supporting the hypothesis of extragalactic origin for the gamma-ray emission. The gamma-ray light curves are compared with 15 GHz radio light curves from the 40 m telescope at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. Simultaneous variability is seen in both bands for the two blazar candidates. The study is completed with the X-ray analysis of 1FGL J2015.7+3708 using Swift observations that were triggered in 2010 August by a Fermi-detected flare. The resulting spectral energy distribution shows a two-component structure typical of blazars. We also identify a second source in the field of view of 1FGL J2027.6+3335 with similar characteristics to the known LAT pulsars. This study gives solid evidence favoring blazar counterparts for these two unidentified EGRET and Fermi sources, supporting the hypothesis that a number of unidentified gamma-ray sources at low-galactic latitudes are indeed of extragalactic origin.
The long-term impact of childhood abuse on internalizing disorders among older adults: The moderating role of self-esteem

Objectives: First, to determine if childhood experiences of abuse have an impact on internalizing disorders (e.g., anxiety and depressive disorders) among older adults. Second, we wish to determine if self-esteem plays a role in explaining the relationship between abuse and internalizing disorders. Method: First, we conducted an analysis on a population sample of participants aged 50 years or older (mean age = 67 years; SD = 10.3) assessed at two time points, three years apart (Wave 1, N = 1460; Wave 2, N = 1090). We examined the relationship between reports of childhood abuse (physical, emotional, and sexual) and internalizing disorders. Second, we determined the role self-esteem played in explaining the relationship. Results: We found that childhood experiences of abuse assessed at Wave 1 predicted the number of DSM-IV internalizing disorders occurring three years later. Demonstrating the specificity of self-esteem; we found self-esteem, but not emotional reliance, to moderate the relationship between abuse and internalizing disorders such that childhood abuse had more negative effects on those with low self-esteem compared to those with higher self-esteem. Contrary to prediction, self-esteem did not mediate the relationship between abuse and internalizing disorders. Conclusion: The negative effects of childhood abuse persist for many years, even into older adulthood. However, contrary to the findings in younger adults, self-esteem was not correlated with childhood abuse in older adults. Moreover, childhood abuse only had a negative effect on those who had low self-esteem. It may be through the process of lifespan development that some abused individuals come to separate out the effects of abuse from their self-concept.
Pressure-driven flow in a channel with porous walls*

The finite-Reynolds-number three-dimensional flow in a channel bounded by one and two parallel porous walls is studied numerically. The porous medium is modelled by spheres in a simple cubic arrangement. Detailed results on the flow structure and the hydrodynamic forces and couple acting on the sphere layer bounding the porous medium are reported and their dependence on the Reynolds number illustrated. It is shown that, at finite Reynolds numbers, a lift force acts on the spheres, which may be expected to contribute to the mobilization of bottom sediments. The results for the slip velocity at the surface of the porous layers are compared with the phenomenological Beavers–Joseph model. It is found that the values of the slip coefficient for pressure-driven and shear-driven flow are somewhat different, and also depend on the Reynolds number. A modification of the relation is suggested to deal with these features. The Appendix provides an alternative derivation of this modified relation.
Weighted Logrank Permutation Tests for Randomly Right Censored Life Science Data

In biomedical research, weighted logrank tests are frequently applied to compare two samples of randomly right censored survival times. We address the question how to combine a number of weighted logrank statistics to achieve good power of the corresponding survival test for a whole linear space or cone of alternatives, which are given by hazard rates. This leads to a new class of semiparametric projection tests that are motivated by likelihood ratio tests for an asymptotic model. We show that these tests can be carried out as permutation tests and discuss their asymptotic properties. A simulation study together with the analysis of a classical data set illustrates the advantages.
Calcium Oscillations and Membrane Transport: The Importance of Two Time Scales

It has been observed experimentally that, in many cell types, calcium fluxes across the plasma membrane affect inositol trisphosphate (IP$_3$)-induced calcium oscillations. This is somewhat puzzling; since IP$_3$-induced calcium oscillations involve the cycling of calcium to and from the endoplasmic reticulum it is not well understood how they can be so strongly affected by membrane fluxes. We use a mathematical model to answer this question, a model that relies on the introduction of a slow variable, the Ca$^{2+}$ load of the cell. We carry out a bifurcation analysis of the model in two time scales, treating the slow variable as a bifurcation parameter, thus simulating a closed-cell model, in which there is no Ca$^{2+}$ transport to and from the external medium. The presence of a homoclinic bifurcation in the closed-cell model accounts for the existence of a critical value of the Ca$^{2+}$ load which controls the existence of cytosolic Ca$^{2+}$ oscillations. Our model predictions are confirmed by experi.
Genotype and phenotype in 12 additional individuals with SATB2‐associated syndrome

SATB2‐associated syndrome (SAS) is a multisystemic disorder caused by alterations of the SATB2 gene. We describe the phenotype and genotype of 12 individuals with 10 unique (de novo in 11 of 11 tested) pathogenic variants (1 splice site, 5 frameshift, 3 nonsense, and 2 missense) in SATB2 and review all cases reported in the published literature caused by point alterations thus far. In the cohort here described, developmental delay (DD) with severe speech compromise, facial dysmorphism, and dental anomalies were present in all cases. We also present the third case of tibial bowing in an individual who, just as in the previous 2 individuals in the literature, also had a truncating pathogenic variant of SATB2. We explore early genotype‐phenotype correlations and reaffirm the main clinical features of this recognizable syndrome: universal DD with severe speech impediment, mild facial dysmorphism, and high frequency of craniofacial anomalies, behavioral issues, and brain neuroradiographic changes. As the recently proposed surveillance guidelines for individuals with SAS are adopted by providers, further delineation of the frequency and impact of other phenotypic traits will become available. Similarly, as new cases of SAS are identified, further exploration of genotype‐phenotype correlations will be possible.
Families of Young Pediatric Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Survey Examining Physical Activity Behavior and Health-Related Quality of Life

The present study examined physical activity levels within young families of pediatric cancer survivors and the relationship between physical activity and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Nineteen families were recruited, including 33 parents, 17 pediatric cancer survivors, and 10 siblings. Families completed a self-report survey on background information, physical activity levels, and PedsQL generic core scale for child HRQL. Results of this cross-sectional study indicate that families were generally active, with mothers more frequently participating in overall physical activity (P < .001). Within families, parent—child physical activity levels were associated, but not survivor—sibling physical activity. Survivors and siblings did not differ in their self-reported physical activity levels or HRQL, and no association was observed between physical activity and HRQL. However, discrepancies between sibling self-report and parent proxy-reported HRQL were notable. Overall, results from this exploratory pilot work will assist in further research into physical activity behaviors and HRQL in families of pediatric cancer survivors.The nurse should consider the varied experiences of family members, particularly those of siblings, through long-term follow-up.
Alpha beta TCR+ T cells play a nonredundant role in the rejection of heart allografts in mice.

BACKGROUND Although the transplantation of solid organs and cellular grafts is a clinical routine, the morbidity and mortality associated with immunosuppression is significant. This could be avoided by the induction of donor-specific tolerance. To develop targeted antirejection strategies and regimens to induce donor-specific tolerance, cell populations in the recipient-mediating rejection of solid organ and cellular grafts must be defined. In this study we examined the role of alpha beta-TCR+ cells in the rejection of allogeneic heart grafts, by use of knockout (KO) mice deficient in the production of alpha beta-TCR+ T cells. METHODS C57BL/6-TcrbtmlMom (alpha beta-KO) and C57BL6/J (B6) recipient mice were transplanted with B10.BR/SgSnJ (B10.BR) or BALB/c heart allografts. Animals also received bone marrow from normal B10.BR donors, followed by donor-specific or third-party heart transplants. RESULTS Naive B6 control mice rejected B10.BR and BALB/c grafts within 16 days. In striking contrast, B10.BR and BALB/c heart allografts were indefinitely accepted in unmanipulated alpha beta-KO mice. The immune responsiveness was restored after bone marrow transplantation from normal donors. After bone marrow transplantation major histocompatibility-disparate BALB/c third-party heart grafts were rejected, whereas donor-specific grafts were still accepted. CONCLUSIONS alpha beta-TCR+ T cells play a nonredundant role in the rejection of heart allografts in mice. Bone marrow chimerism is associated with donor-specific transplantation tolerance.
Venture Capital, CEOs' Sources of Power, and Innovation Novelty at Different Life Stages of a New Venture

We explore how the mutual dependence between venture capitalists (VCs) and venture CEOs affects the innovation novelty of new ventures at different stages of their lives. Based on a sample of 482 U.S. biotech companies, we find that VCs encourage their investees to pursue risky and novel innovations in the early stage of a new venture, but discourage them from doing so in the late stage of the venture. Furthermore, structurally powerful CEOs, who are in a position to take greater risks, intensify the positive effect of VC funding on innovation novelty in the early stage of a venture. However, such CEOs attenuate the negative effect of VC funding on innovation novelty in the late stage of the venture. In contrast, CEOs whose power derives from their innovation-related expertise typically seek a more balanced approach to innovation. Such CEOs attenuate both the positive effect of VC funding on innovation novelty in the early stage of a venture and the negative effect of VC funding on innovation novelty in the late stage of the venture. This study sheds new light on the VC–CEO relationship and provides insights into how the risk preference and the abilities of mutually dependent actors affect the innovation outcomes of new ventures.
History vs. habitat type: explaining the genetic structure of European nine‐spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) populations

The genetic structure of contemporary populations can be shaped by both their history and current ecological conditions. We assessed the relative importance of postglacial colonization history and habitat type in the patterns and degree of genetic diversity and differentiation in northern European nine‐spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius), using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and 12 nuclear microsatellite and insertion/deletion loci. The mtDNA analyses identified – and microsatellite analyses supported – the existence of two historically distinct lineages (eastern and western). The analyses of nuclear loci among 51 European sites revealed clear historically influenced and to minor degree habitat dependent, patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation. While the effect of habitat type on the levels of genetic variation (coastal > freshwater) and differentiation (freshwater > coastal) was clear, the levels of genetic variability and differentiation in the freshwater sites were independent of habitat type (viz. river, lake and pond). However, levels of genetic variability, together with estimates of historical effective population sizes, decreased dramatically and linearly with increasing latitude. These geographical patterns of genetic variability and differentiation suggest that the contemporary genetic structure of freshwater nine‐spined sticklebacks has been strongly impacted by the founder events associated with postglacial colonization and less by current ecological conditions (cf. habitat type). In general, the results highlight the strong and persistent effects of postglacial colonization history on genetic structuring of northern European fauna and provide an unparalleled example of latitudinal trends in levels of genetic diversity.
[Maternity in adolescents at high social risk].

OBJECTIVE To analyse for the 1987-1990 period the indicators of prenatal care and the social-health follow-up of adolescent girls included in the mother-child programme of Ciutat Vella (Barcelona). This programme was aimed at pregnant women resident in the district and with high social risk profiles. DESIGN Descriptive and retrospective study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS 175 adolescent mothers were included in the programme during the period under study. This represented 82.9% coverage of all births in the district to this age group. In 10.9% of cases the mother stated she lived alone. 10.2% had had a previous child. There were drug addiction antecedents in 5% of the mothers. The first prenatal check took place during the first three months only in 56% of the pregnancies, with the proportion of low weight births (LWB: weight at birth below 2,500 grams) at 13.1%. During the period under study the proportion of pregnant women checked in the first three months went up from 45.6% to 62.5%, while the proportion of LWB's went down from 19.3% to 6.3%. CONCLUSIONS There has been both a striking improvement in the indicators of prenatal care and less low weight births during the first four years of this programme. It is worth noting the worrying fact that one third of pregnant adolescents do not attend for a prenatal check-up before three months of their pregnancy have elapsed.
Mechanical effects of erbium:YAG laser bone ablation

When intending to use pulsed erbium:YAG laser radiation for the ablation of small bones, e.g., the ossicular chain or footplate, not only temperature and thermal damage, but also mechanical side effects become important. In studies on desiccated bone the total recoil momentum caused by laser ablation was measured using a sensitive pendulum. The momentum depends linearly on the radiant energy of the laser pulse with a slope of 10−4 kg m s−1/J. The temporal course of the recoil force during ablation observed by means of a piezoelectric transducer is nearly proportional to the laser pulse intensity. By evaluating recoil momentum and mass loss data, the average initial velocity of the plume was calculated to be 230 to 280 m s−1. The kinetic energy is approximately 1% of the input energy. The measurements support to the hypothesis of a thermally induced explosive process. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mental health representations, help-seeking behaviors, and perceived access barriers of expatriate adolescent children ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Background: Currently, due to globalization and the world’s economic situation, international organizations tend to remain competitive by acquiring employees with global management skills, the so called expatriates. Usually, family members accompany expatriates in the international relocation experience. Expatriate adolescent children (EAC) may suffer additional psychological distress. In order to better assist them it is important to understand their mental health representations, help-seeking behaviors, and perceived access barriers. Methods: We conducted an online survey, which was completed by 51 students aged 12–16 years of an international school in Portugal, 35.3% of which EAC. Results: Results show similarities and differences in the way mental health is perceived by EAC and non-EAC. Both per ceive a good mental health as "not using drugs", while not feeling well psychologically is understood as "something that has to be taken seriously". The most predominant help-seeking behavior is distraction (e.g. reading), while talking with someone presents high average values and significant differences between the two groups of students. EAC mostly refer that problems should be solved in the family context. The ones who have already sought a mental health professional while in the host country, refer problems related to classmates and family. Conclusion: An improved understanding of representations and behaviors for expatriate adolescent children, as well as knowledge of current interventions involving the family-school-primary care triangle among expatriate families will lead to a better adjustment of expatriates in international assignments.
LOS ANGELES TALL BUILDINGS STRUCTURAL DESIGN COUNCIL ANNUAL MEETING, Los Angeles, CA, May 2007

Reinforced concrete walls are commonly used as the primary lateral-force-resisting- system for tall buildings. As the tools for conducting nonlinear response history analysis have improved and with the advent of performance-based seismic design, reinforced concrete walls and core walls are often employed as the only lateral-force-resisting-system. Proper modeling of the load versus deformation behavior of reinforced concrete walls is essential to accurately predict important response quantities. Given this critical need, an overview of modeling approaches appropriate to capture the lateral load responses of both slender and stout reinforced concrete walls is presented. Modeling of both flexural and shear responses is addressed, as well as the potential impact of coupled flexure-shear behavior. Model results are compared with experimental results to assess the ability of common modeling approaches to accurately predict both global and local experimental responses. Based on the findings, specific recommendations are made for general modeling issues, limiting material strains for combined bending and axial load, and shear backbone relations.
REMOTE TRAUMA SENSITIZES HEPATIC MICROCIRCULATION TO ENDOTHELIN VIA CAVEOLIN INHIBITION OF eNOS ACTIVITY

This study addresses the microvascular mechanisms by which a remote, mild stress such as blunt trauma sensitizes the liver to injury. Rats received closed femur fracture (FFx), and 24 h later livers were isolated and perfused at a similar starting flow rate for assessment of vascular response to endothelin-1 (ET-1). Sinusoidal volumetric flow (QS), red blood cell velocity (VRBC), and sinusoidal diameter (Ds) were determined by intravital microscopy. Baseline portal resistance in livers from FFx rats was not changed. The FFx group showed a lower baseline VRBC (322.9 ± 26.4 and 207.3 ± 17.2 μm/s in sham and FFx,) and QS (28.4 ± 4.2 and 17.6 ± 2.1 pL/s in sham and FFx, P < 0.05). ET-1 caused a decrease in the VRBC in sham but no change after FFx. In contrast, Ds was unchanged by ET-1 in sham but decreased in FFx (10.3 ± 0.4 to 10.7 ± 0.5 vs. 10.6 ± 0.4 to 9.0 ± 0.4 μm at 10 min in sham and FFx groups, P < 0.05). The overall result of these changes was a greater decrease in sinusoidal flow in FFx compared with sham. There was no significant change in mRNA for ET-1, endothelin A (ETA) receptor, or iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) in FFx compared with sham. However, endothelin B (ETB) receptor mRNA and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) mRNA were increased in the FFx group (ETB, 54.81 ± 8.08 in sham vs. 83.28 ± 8.19 in FFx; eNOS, 56.11 ± 2.53 in sham vs. 83.31 ± 5.51 in FFx; P < 0.05) while the levels of these proteins remained unchanged. Caveolin-1 (cav-1) protein levels were elevated in FFx, and coimmunoprecipitation with both ETB and eNOS showed increased associations with these proteins, suggesting a possible inactivation of eNOS. The eNOS activity was also blunted in FFx animals in the presence of increased cav-1 expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that remote trauma sensitizes the liver to the sinusoidal constrictor effect of ET-1. We propose that this hyperresponsiveness occurs as a result of uncoupling of the ETB receptor from eNOS activity mediated by interaction of eNOS and possibly the ETB receptor with increased caveolin-1. This vascular sensitization that occurs after FFx may contribute to the exacerbation of injury during subsequent stresses.