Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biological control of fusarium wilt of greenhouse-grown chrysanthemums

Twenty-two isolates and biotypes of soil fungi representing three genera and five species were tested Cirbronze (for flowering tests) were in the greenhouse against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi, causal agent of Fusarium wilt planted in the colonized mix with a of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). The four biocontrol agents that reduced disease spacing of 15 X 15 cm unless noted incidence the most were tested alone and in several combinations in a greenhouse stock plant otherwise. The number of cuttings per production system using the susceptible cultivar Yellow Delaware. A wild-type isolate of plot was noted for each test. Cuttings Trichoderma viride (T-l) and a benomyl-resistant biotype (T-I-R9), alone or in combination with were allowed to establish their root Aspergillus ochraceus, reduced disease by at least 50% in vegetatively maintained plants. T-I-R9 systems for 7-14 days, then challenged was evaluated in a cut flower production system using the susceptible cultivar Cirbronze. Use of with an aqueous application (500 T-l-R9 with as few as two benomyl drenches provided control equal to a commercial integrated propagules per square meter) of F control procedure. rpglsprsqaemtr fF Additional key word: biorational oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi propagules Additional__keyword:_____________ (microconidia, macroconidia, and chlamy-
A Gondwanan Coastal Arthropod Ichnofauna from the Muth Formation (Lower Devonian, Northern India): Paleoenvironment and Tracemaker Behavior

Abstract The recent discovery of abundant trace fossils in the Lower Devonian Muth Formation (Pin Valley, Spiti, northern India) contributes to our understanding of the diversity and distribution of Early Devonian arthropod activities in a marginal marine environment. The ichnoassemblage consists of abundant Palmichnium antarcticum and Diplichnites gouldi with rarer Diplopodichnus biformis, Taenidium barretti, Didymaulichnus cf. lyelli, Didymaulyponomos cf. rowei, Selenichnites isp. , and vertical burrows of unclear affinity. The abundance of trackways enables the documentation of size- and gait-variations among producers of single trackway ichnotaxa. The paleoenvironment of the Muth Formation is interpreted as a barrier island system. Four different facies associations are recognized; arthropod trackways occur only in beach to coastal dune environments (facies association 2). Most of the Palmichnium and Diplichnites trackways are interpreted as subaerial. The abundance and frequently sub-parallel orientation of the Palmichnium antarcticum trackways, predominantly perpendicular to the paleocoastline, suggest that stylonurid eurypterids, which are interpreted as their producer, were migrating across the shoreline and climbing up slip faces of barrier island dunes. The similarity of this ichnofauna to others in marginal marine environments of similar age in Antarctica and Australia allows the identification of a recurrent Lower Devonian ichnocoenosis around the margins of eastern Gondwana.
Synergistic effects of Persicaria odorata (Daun Kesom) leaf extracts with standard antibiotics on pathogenic bacteria

Antibacterial activity of different types of P. odorata leaf extracts was evaluated in combination with standard antibiotics. Persicaria. odorata leaves were extracted with n-hexane (n-hex), dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH). Each extract was applied on vancomycin (30µg), erythromycin (15µg) and gentamicin (10µg) discs, respectively. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the synergistic activity of each combination on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis was performed on the active extract. Synergistic effects seen were mainly from the n-hex+antibiotics combinations, mainly on the Gram-positive bacteria (7 additive, 5 antagonistic), with MIC range from 50 µg/ml to 100 µg/ml, as well as Gram-negative bacteria (2 additive, 2 indifferent, 5 antagonistic). In particular, synergism showed by the combination of n-hex+van were all additive against the susceptible bacteria. DCM extract combination showed synergistic effects on three Gram-positive species (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes). Meanwhile, MeOH+antibiotics combination showed significant additive synergistic effects (p<0.05) on S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The major compounds of leaves extract were decanal and β-citral. n-Hex extract superiorly inhibited Gram-positive bacteria growth as compared to DCM and MeOH extracts. The additive synergistic property of the n-hex P. odorata extract could be further studied for possible use as an antibacterial agent.
New Product Launch: A Critical Review and Research Directions

New product launch is one of the most important issues in business research today. For many years, conceptual and empirical research has been undertaken to explore the main fields of this area. The objective of this work is to summarize the most important findings in a compact and structured way. Therefore, this paper reviews the findings of empirical work and identifies 9 topics relevant for marketing science, which are classified under 3 research fields. The review begins with understanding consumers: consumer innovativeness, growth of new products and network externalities. The following section deals with understanding the relationship between new products launch and organizations and brings together the factors that influence the capability of firms to launch new product: organizational resources, demographics, structure and environment. The last section provides more complete understanding of launch strategies that are seen as combinations of strategic and tactical decisions. This paper tries to collect the main ideas on the considered issue, to highlight knowledge problems, and suggest directions for future research.
On the growth and orbital evolution of giant planets in layered protoplanetary disks

Aims. We present the results of hydrodynamic simulations of the growth and orbital evolution of giant planets embedded in a protoplanetary disk with a dead-zone. The aim is to examine to what extent the presence of a dead-zone affects the rates of mass accretion and migration for giant planets. Methods. We performed 3D numerical simulations using a grid-based hydrodynamics code. In these simulations of laminar, nonmagnetised disks, the dead-zone is treated as a region where the vertical profile of the viscosity depends on the distance from the equatorial plane. We consider dead-zones with vertical sizes, HDZ, ranging from 0 to HDZ = 2.3H ,w hereH is the disk scale-height. For all models, the vertically integrated viscous stress, and the related mass flux through the disk, have the same value (equivalent to
Trade-based measures of offshoring : an overview for Belgium

Offshoring has since long been a matter of concern in developed countries and has recently received growing attention in the economic literature. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical review of definitions of offshoring that have been put forward in recent years, thereby updating the definitions in earlier publications of the Federal Planning Bureau. We also take a closer look at how offshoring can be measured. In the absence of individual firm data, we focus on indirect trade-based measures of offshoring, compare them and present results for Belgium that show an upward trend in offshoring. Jel Classification F14, F15, F23, C81
Some remarks on the monotone iterative technique

We consider an abstract operator equation in coincidence form \(Lu=N(u)\) and establish some comparison results and existence results via the monotone iterative technique. We use a generalized iteration method developed by Carl-Heikkila (1999). An application to a boundary value problem for a second-order functional differential equation is considered.
The breeding ecology of Reed Buntings Emberiza schoeniclus in farmland and wetland habitats in lowland England

We studied the nesting and feeding ecology of Reed Buntings Emberiza schoeniclus breeding on farmland and wetland habitats along the Trent Valley in Nottinghamshire, England. Rank and emergent vegetation accounted for most nests and most foraging by provisioning adults. Caterpillars and spiders accounted for 70% of chick invertebrate prey and all broods were fed cereal grain or other vegetable matter. Variation in the abundance of key invertebrate prey across habitats accounted for the foraging preferences of adult buntings. Depredation was the main cause of nest failure, and survival of nests at the egg stage was positively related to the extent of nest concealment. A measure of total brood biomass was positively related to the abundance of key invertebrate prey within 100 m of nests. Rank and emergent vegetation provided Reed Buntings with greater nest concealment and a richer source of invertebrate prey than agricultural habitats such as set-aside, cereals and oilseed rape. The provision of rank and emergent vegetation on farmland is likely to increase the nesting opportunities and productivity of Reed Buntings in agricultural landscapes.
Accuracy Improvement of Discharge Measurement with Modification of Distance Made Good Heading

Remote control boats equipped with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) are widely accepted and have been welcomed by many hydrologists for water discharge, velocity profile, and bathymetry measurements. The advantages of this technique include high productivity, fast measurements, operator safety, and high accuracy. However, there are concerns about controlling and operating a remote boat to achieve measurement goals, especially during extreme events such as floods. When performing river discharge measurements, the main error source stems from the boat path. Due to the rapid flow in a flood condition, the boat path is not regular and this can cause errors in discharge measurements. Therefore, improvement of discharge measurements requires modification of boat path. As a result, the measurement errors in flood flow conditions are 12.3–21.8% before the modification of boat path, but 1.2–3.7% after the DMG modification of boat path. And it is considered that the modified discharges are very close to the observed discharge in the flood flow conditions. In this study, through the distance made good (DMG) modification of the boat path, a comprehensive discharge measurement with high accuracy can be achieved.
Cross-Country Analyses of Economic Growth: An Econometric Survey

This paper reviews the econometric methodology on panel data estimation and testing as applied to the study of convergence in growth empirics. The concept of absolute convergence states that the poorer economies should be growing at a faster rate, catching up the richer ones. The empirical failure of absolute convergence resulted in the development of alternative theories to explain long-term growth: the endogenous growth theories and the conditional convergence, the idea that countries may have different steady-states and it is the distance from their own steady-state that determines the rate of economic growth. This paper focuses on conditional convergence and its empirical testing. It discusses and compares the different econometric methodologies used in cross-section and panel data studies of conditional convergence. Also presented are the empirical results obtained by the various authors.
50th Anniversary Perspective: RAFT Polymerization—A User Guide

This Perspective summarizes the features and limitations of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses, as our understanding of the process, from both a mechanistic and an application point of view, has matured over the past 20 years. It is aimed at both experts in the field and newcomers, including undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as nonexperts in polymerization who are interested in developing their own polymeric structures by exploiting the simple setup of a RAFT polymerization.
The heritability of wood density components in Pinus pinaster Ait. and the implications for tree breeding

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic control of Pinus pinaster wood quality by estimating the heritability of wood density components and its age evolution. The material was collected from 180 trees by the extraction of an increment core, in a progeny test at 18 years old. The wood density components were measured using the X-ray densitometry technique. The highest and most stable age heri- tability values were obtained by the earlywood components (minimum density and earlywood density), followed by the average ring density. The latewood percentage, ring width and heterogeneity revealed middle values, while the latewood components (maximum density and latewood density) always presented the lowest and most unstable heritability values. Thus, it was concluded that, amongst all components, the earlywood density mostly depends on genetic effects, and could be used in future selection and tree breeding programs to improve wood quality. The inclusion of the latewood components in the selection criterion will not give any significant genetic advantage.
Relationship between Hip and Knee Strength and Knee Valgus Angle during Drop Jump in Elite Female Athletes

Methods: Forty female athletes (mean ± SD age, 21.5 ± 1.99 years; height, 169.08 ± 8.25 cm; body mass, 61.05 ± 10.06 kg) participated in this study. Isometric hip and knee muscles strength were evaluated using standard clinical procedures and a handheld dynamometer. Knee valgus angle was assessed using a 6-camera motion analysis system during a drop jump task. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationship between hip and knee muscles strength and knee valgus angle at initial contact (P≤0.05).
Multilateral Trade Liberalization, Exports and Technology Upgrading: Evidence on the Impact of MERCOSUR on Argentinean Firms

Several empirical studies have documented that exporters have positive performance characteristics relative to firms only servicing the domestic market. Whether these findings imply that policies that expand export opportunities have a positive impact on firm performance depends on whether exporting causes better performance or better firms self select into the export market. In this paper I investigate the impact of a multilateral trade agreement (MERCOSUR) on entry in the export market and investment in technology within the framework of a simple model that introduces technology choice in Melitz (2003) model. In the model, a reduction in variable export costs increases exporting revenues, inducing more firms to enter the export market, and to adopt new technologies. The empirical identification of the effect of falling Brazilian tariffs on entry in the export market and technology upgrading by Argentinean firms is based in the change in Brazilian tariffs across 4-digitSIC industries. I find that the average reduction in export tariffs (0.24) increases the probability of entry in the export market by 0.10 and increases spending in technology by 0.20 log points.
Who does and doesn't pay taxes?

We use administrative tax data from audits of self-assessment tax returns to understand what types individuals are most likely to be non-compliant. Non-compliance is common, with one-third of taxpayers underpaying by some amount, although half of aggregate under-reporting is done by just 2% of taxpayers. Third party reporting reduces non-compliance, while working in a cash-prevalent industry increases it. However, compliance also varies signiﬁcantly with individual characteristics: non-compliance is higher for men and younger people. These results matter for measuring inequality, for understanding taxpayer behaviour, and for targeting audit resources
Social Influences on Feeding Site Selection by Burmese Fowl (Gallus gallus)

Naive, adolescent Burmese red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus) observed trained conspecifics feeding in a large enclosure. When tested 48 hr later, observers exhibited significantly enhanced preferences both for the type of foraging site and for the area in the enclosure where they had observed conspecifics foraging successfully. Such delayed influences of observation of foraging success on the orientation of feeding by an observer can be explained as an instance of stimulus enhancement (Spence, 1937) but not as an example of local enhancement (Thorpe, 1963)
Causality Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment, GDP Growth and Export for Tanzania

Deep analysis on how foreign direct investment (FDI) interacts with the host country’s GDP growth and export is very important for the identification of the strategies that will enable a developing country like Tanzania to achieve its development objectives. Hence we continue to analyze the causality relationship between FDI, Export and GDP growth of Tanzania for about 33 years starting from the year 1980 to 2012.In this study the co integration and granger causality test analysis is conducted. The co integration test reveals that there is existence of a long run association ship among the variables in questions. While the granger causality results suggests that there is a causality relationship which is unidirectional running from FDI to export and no causality was discovered between FDI and GDP growth suggesting that FDI is a good predictor of export and hence FDI led export growth for Tanzania might be necessary for the country to boost export.
Exploring the Roots of Resilience among Female Street-involved Children in South Africa

Abstract This paper reports the findings of a qualitative South African study that unearthed the roots of resilience among female, Black street-involved children, who are classified as children on the street. The researcher sampled purposefully in order to obtain 30 girls who were aged between 12 and 17. Using the Draw-and-write technique as a data collection strategy, the researcher asked the participants to make symbolic drawings of what enabled them to cope resiliently when life was hard. The drawings were accompanied by short narratives in which they explained their drawings. The drawings as well as the narratives were subjected to inductive content analysis. The findings showed that the girls coped by combining intrapersonal resilience resources, such as listening to music and having faith, with interpersonal resilience resources, such as having lively support systems, and having access to community-based care and support. The implication is that although female street-involved girls can be vulnerable, researchers and mental health practitioners will do well not to be blind to mechanisms that promoted buoyancy in the girls in the context of streetism.
Hyaline Cartilage Regeneration on Osteochondral defects by Intraarticular Injection of Human Peripheral Blood CD34+ Cells, Hyaluronic Acid and Growth Factor in a Rat Model

Basuki Supartono1, Errol Hutagalung2, Ismail2, Arief Boediono3, Toshiro Shirakawa4, Samsuridjal Djauzi5, Ahmad Aulia Yusuf6, Nuryati C. Siregar7, Jacub Pandelaki8, Adang Bachtiar9 and Katsumi Shigemura10 1Medical Faculty of UPN Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia 2Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Medical Faculty of University of Indonesia, Indonesia 3Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Bogor Agricultural Institute, Indonesia 4Department of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Japan 5Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of University of Indonesia, Indonesia 6Histology Department, Medical Faculty of University of Indonesia, Indonesia 7Department of Pathology Anatomy, Medical Faculty of University of Indonesia, Indonesia 8Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty of University of Indonesia, Indonesia 9Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Indonesia 10Department of Urology and Divison of Infectious Disease Control Kobe University, Japan Received: July 11, 2018; Published: July 18, 2018
Reproductive Strategy of Labeobarbus batesii (Boulenger, 1903) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in the Mbô Floodplain Rivers of Cameroon

Aspects of the reproductive strategy of African carp, Labeobarbus batesii, were investigated from May 2008 to October 2009 in the Mbô Floodplain of Cameroon. Samples were collected monthly from artisanal fishermen. The total length and total body mass of each specimen were measured to the nearest mm and 0.01 g, respectively. Sex was determined by macroscopic examination of the gonads after dissection. The sex ratio was female skewed (overall sex ratio: 1 : 1.42). Females reach sexual maturity at a larger size (213 mm) than the males (203 mm). The mean gonadosomatic index ranges from % to %, whereas the mean K factor ranges from to . These two parameters are negatively correlated. The reproduction cycle begins in mid-September and ends in July of the next year, and they are reproductively quiescent for the rest of the year. Labeobarbus batesii is a group-synchronous spawner with pulses of synchronised reproduction spread over a long period. The mean absolute, potential, and relative fecundities are oocytes, oocytes, and oocytes/kg, respectively. The fecundity is higher and positively correlated with the gonad mass than with body size. Its reproductive biology suggests that L. batesii is suitable for pond culture.
Magnetic multipole moments (Gauss coefficients) and vector potential given by an arbitrary current distribution

Until recently there has been nothing in the geomagnetic literature giving the Gauss coefficients (equivalent to magnetic multipole moments) for the magnetic scalar potential produced outside a finite-sized region of electric current. Nor has there been an expression for the corresponding magnetic vector potential. This paper presents a simple expression for the Gauss coefficients in terms of a volume integral over the current, and also a series expansion of the vector potential in terms of these coefficients. We show how our result is related to the classical expressions for the scalar potential given by a spherical current sheet, and to the results of the recent papers by Engels and Olsen (1998), Stump and Pollack (1998) and Kazantsev (1999).
Genetic Analysis of Salinity Tolerance in a Bread Wheat Cross

Inheritance of salinity tolerance was determined in a cross between two spring bread wheat cultivars, "Rovshan " (P 1) a tolerant cultivar and "Falat " (P 2) a susceptible one. The parents, F1, F 2 and backcross generations were studied under salinity conditions (EC= 12 dS m -1 ) in a greenhouse. Eight characters namely: Heading Date (HD), Plant Height (PH), K + , Na + , K + /Na + ratio, total Number of Tillers per plant (NT), Ratio of Fertile Tillers per plant (RFT) and total Chlorophyll Content (TC) were recorded to estimate means and variances pooled over replications, according to the weighted generation means analysis method. Generation means analysis of the data revealed that these characters show all types of gene actions (additive, dominance and epistasis) and suggest that complex epistatic effects are important in controlling salt tolerance characteristics. The highest broad sense heritability (0.87) was observed for K + /Na + , indicating the interference of a major gene in control of this trait. Regarding the existence of additive and non-additive effects in controlling traits in this cross, the recurrent selection followed by pedigree breeding may prove useful in improving salinity tolerance in wheat.