Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention by (±)‐8‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐npropylamino)tetralin of both catalepsy and the rises in rat striatal dopamine metabolism caused by haloperidol

1 The influence of (±)‐8‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐n‐propylamino)tetralin (8‐OH‐DPAT) on haloperidol‐induced increases in the dopamine metabolites, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenylacetic acid (HVA), was measured in three microdissected brain regions of the rat following a quantitative assessment of catalepsy. 2 Haloperidol alone (2.66 μzmol kg−1, i.p.) caused a robust cataleptic response. Given 30 min after haloperidol, 8‐OH‐DPAT (76 or 760 nmol kg−1, s.c.) prevented catalepsy in 30% and 100% of rats, respectively. 3 Haloperidol significantly increased the DOPAC (by 2 to 4 fold) and HVA (by 3 to 7 fold) contents of the caudate‐putamen, nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex. Given alone, only the lower dose of 8‐OH‐DPAT caused a significant biochemical change, a doubling of cortical DOPAC. 4 In the cases where catalepsy was prevented by either dose of 8‐OH‐DPAT, the haloperidol‐induced increases in DOPAC and HVA were consistently lower in the caudate‐putamen. This pattern was true for the rise in cortical HVA but only in response to the lower dose of 8‐OH‐DPAT. In contrast, neither dose of 8‐OH‐DPAT was able to influence the haloperidol‐induced rises in cortical DOPAC. In the nucleus accumbens, 8‐OH‐DPAT did not affect the haloperidol‐induced increases in the dopamine metabolites, irrespective of the dose employed or the resulting behaviour. When catalepsy was not prevented, 8‐OH‐DPAT did not alter the neurochemical responses to haloperidol in any region. 5 These results suggest that part of the mechanism by which 8‐OH‐DPAT prevents haloperidol‐induced catalepsy is reflected by a reversal of the compensatory increase in meso‐striatal and/or meso‐cortical dopamine neuronal activity that normally accompanies postsynaptic dopamine receptor blockade with haloperidol.
First Molecular Evidence of Bartonella quintana in Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae), Collected from Nepalese Children

Abstract Trench fever is a body louse-borne disease caused by Bartonella quintana Brenner. The recent status of louse infestation in Nepalese children is not well known. We collected head and body lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer and Pediculus humanus humanus L. , respectively, from 30 children, including 11 cases of double infestation with both head and body lice. Detection of B. quintana in both louse species identified was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products with B. quintana DNA sequences were detected in both head and body lice from two children as well as in body lice derived from two other children. These results demonstrate that head lice may also play a role in the transmission of trench fever.
Tactile‐associated fMRI recruitment of the cervical cord in healthy subjects

Using spinal cord functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 12 right‐handed healthy subjects were scanned during a tactile stimulation of the palm of the right hand. The task‐related mean signal change was computed for all activated voxels within the cervical cord, and separately, in the four cord quadrants (right and left anterior, right and left posterior) from C5 to C8. The frequency of fMRI activity at each cord level was obtained by assigning a score of 25% at each active quadrant and by averaging the percentage of active quadrants at each level of all subjects. The difference in the occurrence of fMRI activity (a) in right versus left, and anterior versus posterior cord, and (b) among the different cord levels, was evaluated using a random effect logistic regression model, with the frequency of fMRI activity as the dependent variable and the subject as the grouping factor. The task‐related mean signal change of all activated voxels of the cord was 3.2% (SD = 0.8%). During the tactile stimulation, subjects showed a higher occurrence of fMRI cord activity in the right than in the left cervical cord (odds ratio = 2.25, 95% confidence interval = 1.31–3.87, P = 0.003). A significant heterogeneity in frequency of fMRI activity between cord levels was also observed (P < 0.001), with the highest frequencies of fMRI activity detected at C6 and C7. Spinal cord fMRI enables to obtain reliable physiological information on the activity of human spinal circuits associated to tactile stimulation. This holds significant promise for a better planning and conduct of studies of people with diseased spinal cords. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) Signaling in Glioblastoma Multiforme—A Systematic Review

The multifunctional sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid signaling molecule and central regulator in the development of several cancer types. In recent years, intriguing information has become available regarding the role of S1P in the progression of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive and common brain tumor in adults. S1P modulates numerous cellular processes in GBM, such as oncogenesis, proliferation and survival, invasion, migration, metastasis and stem cell behavior. These processes are regulated via a family of five G-protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PR1-5) and may involve mainly unknown intracellular targets. Distinct expression patterns and multiple intracellular signaling pathways of each S1PR subtype enable S1P to exert its pleiotropic cellular actions. Several studies have demonstrated alterations in S1P levels, the involvement of S1PRs and S1P metabolizing enzymes in GBM pathophysiology. While the tumorigenic actions of S1P involve the activation of several kinases and transcription factors, the specific G-protein (Gi, Gq, and G12/13)-coupled signaling pathways and downstream mediated effects in GBM remain to be elucidated in detail. This review summarizes the recent findings concerning the role of S1P and its receptors in GBM. We further highlight the current insights into the signaling pathways considered fundamental for regulating the cellular processes in GMB and ultimately patient prognosis.
Spatial Cues Provided by Sound Improve Postural Stabilization: Evidence of a Spatial Auditory Map?

It has long been suggested that sound plays a role in the postural control process. Few studies however have explored sound and posture interactions. The present paper focuses on the specific impact of audition on posture, seeking to determine the attributes of sound that may be useful for postural purposes. We investigated the postural sway of young, healthy blindfolded subjects in two experiments involving different static auditory environments. In the first experiment, we compared effect on sway in a simple environment built from three static sound sources in two different rooms: a normal vs. an anechoic room. In the second experiment, the same auditory environment was enriched in various ways, including the ambisonics synthesis of a immersive environment, and subjects stood on two different surfaces: a foam vs. a normal surface. The results of both experiments suggest that the spatial cues provided by sound can be used to improve postural stability. The richer the auditory environment, the better this stabilization. We interpret these results by invoking the “spatial hearing map” theory: listeners build their own mental representation of their surrounding environment, which provides them with spatial landmarks that help them to better stabilize.
Successful reversal of anticoagulant effect of superwarfarin poisoning with recombinant activated factor VII

The use of second-generation anticoagulants termed ‘superwarfarins’ as rodenticides, although widespread, is poorly controlled. Products containing superwarfarin have been marketed in over-the-counter rodenticides and can be easily purchased. Poor control potentiates the risk of accidental or intentional poisoning, but clinicians may underestimate the incidence of superwarfarin toxicity. Therefore, when cases of unexplained acquired coagulopathy and selective deficiency of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors occur in patients in the absence of liver disease or inhibitors, physicians should consider the possibility of superwarfarin poisoning as a cause. According to our own experience, recombinant activated factor VII (NovoSeven®; Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) appears to be a safe and effective therapy for acute bleeding caused by superwarfarin poisoning. Due to the extended half-life of the second-generation rodenticides, follow-up therapy with oral vitamin K1 should be of long-term duration.
Emphysema presence, severity, and distribution has little impact on the clinical presentation of a cohort of patients with mild to moderate COPD.

BACKGROUND Phenotypic characterization of patients with COPD may have potential prognostic and therapeutic implications. Available information on the relationship between emphysema and the clinical presentation in patients with COPD is limited to advanced stages of the disease. The objective of this study was to describe emphysema presence, severity, and distribution and its impact on clinical presentation of patients with mild to moderate COPD. METHODS One hundred fifteen patients with COPD underwent clinical and chest CT scan evaluation for the presence, severity, and distribution of emphysema. Patients with and without emphysema and with different forms of emphysema distribution (upper/lower/core/peel) were compared. The impact of emphysema severity and distribution on clinical presentation was determined. RESULTS Fifty percent of the patients had mild homogeneously distributed emphysema (1.84; 0.76%-4.77%). Upper and core zones had the more severe degree of emphysema. Patients with emphysema were older, more frequently men, and had lower FEV(1)%, higher total lung capacity percentage, and lower diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. No differences were found between the clinical or physiologic parameters of the different emphysema distributions. CONCLUSIONS In patients with mild to moderate COPD, although the presence of emphysema has an impact on physiologic presentation, its severity and distribution seem to have little impact on clinical presentation.
Production , Manufacturing and Logistics Efficient heuristics for flowshop sequencing with the objectives of makespan and flowtime minimisation

In this paper we analyse the performance of flowshop sequencing heuristics with respect to the objectives of makespan and flowtime minimisation. For flowtime minimisation, we propose the strategy employed by the NEH heuristic to construct partial solutions. Results show that this approach outperforms the common fast heuristics for flowtime minimisation while performing similarly or slightly worse than others which, on reward, prove to be much more CPU time-consuming. Additionally, the suggested approach is well balanced with respect to makespan and flowtime minimisation. Based on the previous results, two algorithms are proposed for the sequencing problem with multiple objectives – makespan and flowtime minimisation. These algorithms provide the decision maker with a set of heuristically efficient solutions such that he/she may choose the most suitable sequence for a given ratio between costs associated with makespan and those assigned to flowtime. Computational experience shows both algorithms to perform better than the current heuristics designed for the two-criteria problem. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Pulmonary diffusing capacity in healthy African‐American and Caucasian children

Previous studies of pulmonary diffusing capacity in healthy children primarily focused upon Caucasian (C) subjects. Since lung volumes in African‐Americans (AA) are smaller than lung volumes in C subjects of the same height, diffusing capacity values in AA children might be interpreted as low or abnormal using currently available equations without adjusting for race. Healthy AA (N = 151) and C (N = 301) children between 5 and 18 years of age performed acceptable measurements of single breath pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and alveolar volume (VA) according to current ATS/ERS guidelines. The natural log of DLCO and VA were associated with height, gender, age, and race; AA children had lower DLCO and VA compared to C children. Adjustment of DLCO for Hemoglobin (Hgb) resulted in no significant difference in DLCO among these healthy subjects with normal Hgb. In summary, we report prediction equations for DLCO and VA that include adjustment for race (C; AA) demonstrating that AA have lower DLCO and VA compared to C children for the same height, gender, and age. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:84–88. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effects of Aeration and the Application of the k-C* Model in a Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland

Abstract Since the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland in Kodijärve, Estonia had problems with aeration, a vertical subsurface flow (VSSF) constructed wetland (CW) was built for the purpose of enhancing aeration. This article gives an overview of how the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland has affected the aeration capacity and purification efficiency of the constructed wetland system in a one-year period of operation. The aeration capacity of the VSSF CW averaged 63.6 g O2 m− 2 d− 1 during this one-year operational period, and aerobic processes occur more effectively in the system. An area of 0.5 m2 pe− 1 is most likely too small for sufficient aeration in cold climates, and the short water residence time in the VSSF CW also can hinder nitrification. Also, an analysis of the application of the k-C* model in the horizontal subsurface flow part of the Kodijärve hybrid constructed wetland is presented for BOD, total nitrogen, ammonium and total phosphorus. The k-C* model describes processes in the HSSF CW quite well. The k values are found to be smaller than reported in the literature, mainly because of the low hydraulic loading rates. Low k values in more oxygen dependent processes, such as BOD, Ntot, and NH4-N removal, also indicate insufficient oxygen supply in the system.
Complications in a Consecutive Series of 250 Free Flap Operations

The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of major and minor flap, donor site, and systemic complications in a consecutive series of 250 free flap operations. The following factors were analyzed to determine their significance on complication rates: age of patient, gender, wound etiology, smoking history, type of flap, operative time, vein graft use, surgeon experience, and the presence of comorbid disease. The major flap, donor-site, and systemic complication rates were 17.2%, 2%, and 6.4%, respectively. The minor flap, donor-site, and systemic complication rates were 7.2%, 12.8%, and 7.2%, respectively. The presence of comorbid medical condition was the only factor which had a statistically significant impact on the rate of major flap complications (P = 0.02). Age and comorbid disease impacted on major systemic complications (P = 0.04).
Hyperbolic tangent passive resistive-type neuron

In this paper, design of a passive resistive-type neuron is proposed to generate the hyperbolic tangent function as the activation function. The proposed resistive-type neuron has the advantage of not needing any biasing voltage and therefore its power consumption is low. The neuron circuit is designed and simulated in 180 nm CMOS technology. The proposed neuron shows a good approximation with maximum error and average error from the ideal hyperbolic tangent function by 19.7% and 6.88% respectively. The power consumption of the proposed neuron is 62.5 μW while the standby power is zero. Also the proposed neuron is applied in a large neural network and the results shows good functionality. The pattern recognition neural network implemented using the proposed neuron is consumed 295 μW power that is approximately 59.86% less than the same network proposed with the previous analog hyperbolic tangent designed neuron.
EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinomas Treated First-Line with the Novel EGFR Inhibitor, XL647, Can Subsequently Retain Moderate Sensitivity to Erlotinib

Introduction: EGFR-mutant lung cancers are sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Unfortunately, they develop resistance, often due to acquisition of a second-site mutation (T790M). Current EGFR TKIs select for T790M in preclinical models of acquired resistance. We explored whether all EGFR TKIs similarly select for the T790M mutation using data from early clinical trials and established in vitro models of acquired resistance. Methods: We analyzed the clinical characteristics of eight patients with metastatic EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma who were treated first-line with XL647 and then progressed. XL647 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of EGFR, HER2, KDR, and EPHB4. Additional molecular preclinical studies were performed to characterize resistance. Results: Four patients displayed confirmed partial responses (PRs), three patients had unconfirmed PRs, and one patient displayed stable disease. Only one of five patients' tumor samples available for analysis after disease progression harbored the T790M mutation. Eight patients subsequently received erlotinib, with (n = 3) or without (n = 5) chemotherapy. Three of five patients treated with single-agent erlotinib derived additional benefit, staying on drug up to 9 months. EGFR-mutant PC-9 cells with acquired resistance to XL647 did not harbor the T790M mutation, displayed a distinct mRNA profile from PC-9 cells with T790M-mediated resistance, and were moderately sensitive to erlotinib in growth inhibition assays. Crystal structure analyses of XL647/EGFR T790M did not reveal a different binding mode from that of erlotinib. Conclusions: The findings of this exploratory study suggest that different EGFR TKIs may select for distinct mechanisms of resistance. These results raise the possibility that different EGFR TKIs could be sequentially used to improve outcomes in patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Further work investigating this hypothesis is warranted.
Low Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1, Endoglin, and Endothelin-1 Levels in Women With Confirmed or Suspected Preeclampsia Using Proton Pump Inhibitors

Patients with preeclampsia display elevated placenta-derived sFlt-1 (soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1) and endoglin levels and decreased placental growth factor levels. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) decrease trophoblast sFlt-1 and endoglin secretion in vitro. PPIs are used during pregnancy to combat reflux disease. Here, we investigated whether PPIs affect sFlt-1 in women with confirmed/suspected preeclampsia, making use of a prospective cohort study involving 430 women. Of these women, 40 took PPIs (6 esomeprazole, 32 omeprazole, and 2 pantoprazole) for 8 to 45 (median 29) days before sFlt-1 measurement. Measurements were only made once, at study entry between weeks 20 and 41 (median 33 weeks). PPI use was associated with lower sFlt-1 levels, with no change in placental growth factor levels, both when compared with all non-PPI users and with 80 gestational age-matched controls selected from the non-PPI users. No sFlt-1/placental growth factor alterations were observed in women using ferrous fumarate or macrogol while, as expected, women using antihypertensive medication displayed higher sFlt-1 levels and lower placental growth factor levels. The PPI use-associated decrease in sFlt-1 was independent of the application of antihypertensive drugs and also occurred when restricting our analysis to patients with hypertensive disease of pregnancy at study entry. PPI users displayed more cases with preexisting proteinuria, less gestational hypertension, and a lower number of neonatal sepsis cases. Finally, their plasma endoglin and endothelin-1 levels were lower while sFlt-1 levels correlated positively with both. In conclusion, PPI use associates with low sFlt-1, endoglin, and endothelin-1 levels, warranting prospective trials to investigate the therapeutic potential of PPIs in preeclampsia.
Retrocallosal white matter abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Many studies have implicated the orbital gyrus and caudate nucleus as factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). 1 However, several recent neuropsychological and positron emission tomographic imaging studies have suggested that posterior parts of the brain may also be involved. 2-6 Based on these findings, it is possible that OCD symptoms might result from a problem with higher-level perceptual Processing in the retrocallosal region, which could have an underlying structural substrate. To study this hypothesis, using morphometric volume analysis of the retrocallosal region, we performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of six female patients with OCD and eight female controls matched for age (mean±SD age of patients: 30.8±5.7 years; range, 20 to 37years; mean age of controls: 27.3±5.3 years; range, 17 to 33 years), handedness, and education (five of six OCD patients had a college or graduate education; all controls had a college or graduate education). The patients had been moderately
Are MODIC Type 2 disc changes associated with low-grade infections? A pilot study.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to compare intra-operative cultural examination in patients undergoing elective surgery for low-back pain with Modic 2 changes to patients without Modic signs. The aim of this study is to compare intra-operative cultural examination in patients undergoing elective surgery for low-back pain with Modic 2 changes to patients without Modic signs. METHODS Sixteen patients with Modic 2 changes were compared with 23 patients without Modic signs. Pre-operative laboratory tests and intra-operative tissue cultures were performed, according to a standardized procedure. RESULTS While no difference was found in pre-operative laboratory tests, intra-operative cultural examination showed positive results in 6/16 (37.5%) Modic 2 patients versus 1/23 (4.3%) in patients without Modic changes (P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS Although performed in a limited series of patients, this study supports the hypothesis that some cases of Modic 2 changes might be associated with the presence of low virulent bacteria.
LatentPoison - Adversarial Attacks On The Latent Space

Robustness and security of machine learning (ML) systems are intertwined, wherein a non-robust ML system (classifiers, regressors, etc.) can be subject to attacks using a wide variety of exploits. With the advent of scalable deep learning methodologies, a lot of emphasis has been put on the robustness of supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning algorithms. Here, we study the robustness of the latent space of a deep variational autoencoder (dVAE), an unsupervised generative framework, to show that it is indeed possible to perturb the latent space, flip the class predictions and keep the classification probability approximately equal before and after an attack. This means that an agent that looks at the outputs of a decoder would remain oblivious to an attack.