Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A RAPID, EASY AND HIGH YIELD PROTOCOL FOR TOTAL GENOMIC DNA ISOLATION OF Colletotrichum gloeosporioides AND Fusarium oxysporum

A rapid, easy and simple protocol for total genomic DNA isolation was developted for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum . The total genomic DNA yield was very high and suitable to RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), and restriction endonuclease reactions. DNA obtained by this protocol was not contaminated by protein or carbohydrate, and proteases, cesium chloride or phenol were also not necessary.
Plant communities, wetlands and landscapes of the Parque Nacional de Banhine, Moçambique

The Parque Nacional de Banhine (Banhine National Park) was proclaimed during 1972. It covers 600 000 ha in Mocambique to the east of the Limpopo River. Until recently, this park, originally and popularly known as the ‘Serengeti of Mocambique’, was characterised by neglect and illegal hunting that caused the demise of most of its large wildlife. New initiatives aimed at rehabilitating the park have been launched within the scope of the Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park. A vegetation map was required as input to its management plan. The major objectives of the study were firstly to understand the environmental determinants of the vegetation, secondly to identify and describe individual plant communities in terms of species composition and structure and thirdly to delineate landscapes in terms of their plant community and wetland make-up, environmental determinants and distribution. A combination of fieldwork and analysis of LANDSAT satellite imagery was used. A total of 115 sample plots were surveyed. Another 222 sample points were briefly assessed from the air to establish the extent of the different landscapes. The ordination results clearly indicate the overriding importance of moisture availability in determining vegetation composition in the Parque Nacional de Banhine. Eleven distinct plant communities were recognised. They are described in terms of their structure, composition and distribution. These plant communities have strong affinities to a number of communities found in the Limpopo National Park to the west. The sandveld community is relatively the most species-rich of all communities. Different combinations of these plant communities can be grouped in five major landscapes, namely the Wetland, Grassland, Mopane, Sandveld and Androstachys landscape. These different landscapes hold six different wetland types as defined by the RAMSAR classification. The landscapes with their individual plant communities and wetland types represent a unique combination of habitats that have great intrinsic conservation value. These habitats are key to the long-term maintenance and survival of a diverse avifauna, including the original ostrich population, as well as wattled cranes.
Biodiversity of a continental shelf soft-sediment macrobenthos community

Soft-sediment macrobenthos data from the southern part of the Norwegian continental shelf was used to study faunal patterns and spatial variability, and to evaluate different measures of marine biodiversity. Water depth and sediment characteristics were remarkably uniform over the spatial sampling scale of 130 × 70 km, and relations between measured environmental variables and community structure were weak. Out of 175 recorded species, 10% spanned the entire sampling area (16 sites), while 27% were restricted to a single site. The number of rare species was positively corre- lated with species richness. Common species were widely spatially distributed, while species of low abundance had strongly compressed range sizes. The distribution of species varied among the 4 dominant taxonomic groups: the polychaetes, crustaceans, molluscs, and echinoderms. Polychaetes were the most common taxonomic group and had the highest proportion of widespread species. Whittaker's beta diversity measure (βW, extent of change in species composition among sites) varied among the dominant taxonomic groups and was highest for crustaceans, followed by molluscs. Neither the number of shared species nor the complementarity (biotic distinctness) between all pair- wise permutations of sites was linked to spatial distance. However, the Bray-Curtis similarity be- tween all pairwise combinations of sites was a function of spatial arrangement and was the most sen- sitive measure of beta diversity. Faunal pattern changed across the study area, despite the uniform habitat. Furthermore, faunal pattern and variability changed with scales. The measurement of biodi- versity is therefore dependent on spatial scale, and cross-scale studies are important. The abstract concept of biodiversity as the 'variety of life' cannot be encapsulated by a single measure. Distribu- tions of species and community differences should be taken into account in addition to species diver- sity when measuring marine biodiversity and planning conservation areas, and more than 1 taxo- nomic group should be studied in a system.
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos from tidal disruptions by massive black holes

Tidal disruptions are extremely powerful phenomena that have been designated as candidate sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The disruption of a star by a black hole can naturally provide protons and heavier nuclei, which can be injected and accelerated to ultra-high energies within a jet. Inside the jet, accelerated nuclei are likely to interact with a dense photon field, leading to a significant production of neutrinos and secondary particles. We model numerically the propagation and interactions of high-energy nuclei in jetted tidal disruption events in order to evaluate consistently their signatures in cosmic rays and neutrinos. We propose a simple model of the light curve of tidal disruption events, consisting of two stages: a high state with bright luminosity and short duration and a medium state, less bright and longer lasting. These two states have different impacts on the production of cosmic rays and neutrinos. In order to calculate the diffuse fluxes of cosmic rays and neutrinos, we model the luminosity function and redshift evolution of jetted tidal disruption events. We find that we can fit the latest ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray spectrum and composition results of the Auger experiment for a range of reasonable parameters. The diffuse neutrino flux associated with this scenario is found to be subdominant, but nearby events can be detected by IceCube or next-generation detectors such as IceCube-Gen2.
Genetic parameters for milk yield, persistency, conductivity and milking efficiency in first lactation Jersey cows in Sri Lanka

Animal Genetics & Breeding Unit, a joint venture between NSW Department of Agriculture and University of New England, University of New England, Armidale 2351, NSW, Australia asamaraw@myune.edu. au (Corresponding Author) 2 School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale 2351, NSW, Australia Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka National Livestock Development Board, Narahenpita 00500, Sri Lanka
Causal Relationship Between Islamic Bonds, Oil Price and Precious Metals: Evidence From Asia Pacific

Sukuk or Islamic bonds as new “Halal” securities had wildly expanded in Muslim and non-Muslim capital markets. So, this study aims to investigate the causal relationship between Islamic bonds (sukuk), oil and precious metals “silver and gold” prices in Asia pacific. This study used VAR model relying on daily data. The findings of Granger causality test and impulse-responses analysis results provide substantial evidence in favor of the relation between sukuk and the commodity market variables (oil, gold, and silver) meanwhile and unlike many empirical studies, don’t we have found that oil doesn’t cause changes in precious metals prices. Therefore, the idea that Islamic financial markets provide diversification benefits and they are safe havens during oil crisis cannot be supported empirically. DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v10i2. 7171
AUDIT TENURE AND FINANCIAL REPORTING IN OMAN: DOES ROTATION AFFECT THE QUALITY?

The purpose of this study is to provide an empirical result concerning the quality of audit under a rotation policy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Currently, countries from GCC tend to require the audit firms of public companies to be rotated within four or five consecutive years. This policy received worldwide criticisms which asserted it deteriorates the quality of financial reports – instead of increasing their quality. To achieve this purpose, we use 573 observations from companies listed in the Omani capital market implementing audit firm rotation because Oman is the leading country in GCC. Using discretionary accruals and modified audit opinion to proxy financial reporting quality, we find that audit firm tenure is not significantly associated with low quality financial reports. We also found that audit partner tenure is not positively and significantly associated with high discretionary accruals while it is positively and significantly associated with modified audit opinion. We classify our audit tenure into short and long tenure and find similar findings. Additionally and contrary to previous findings in Oman, we report that audit committee characteristics such as independence, size, financial expertise and number of meetings are not associated with high quality financial reports. Thus, our study contains several contributions to audit tenure debates in general and corporate governance practices in GCC in particular.
First-Order Perturbation Approach to Transformer Winding Deformations

An on-line method to detect radial mechanical deforma- tions of power transformer winding turns is presented. First-order perturbation theory is applied to a transformer winding surrounded by the transformer tank wall and the iron core. The transformer wind- ing is modeled as thin conducting cylindrical rings (winding segments or turns) situated within a coaxial waveguide, where the outer con- ducting cylinder represents the transformer tank wall while the inner conducting cylinder represents the iron core. Antennas which radi- ate and measure microwave flelds are proposed inside the transformer tank in order to identify and quantify the mechanical deformations of winding turns. The direct propagation problem is solved using con- ventional waveguide theory with mode-matching and cascading tech- niques. An optimization algorithm is then used to solve the inverse problem whereby a good agreement between the reconstructed and true deformations of the winding segments is obtained.
Wartime Women Rape: A Means of Moral Attack and Emasculation in Lynn Nottage's Ruined

Women rape at warfare was considered a consequence of war in the social, literary and political world for a long period of time. Some criminals of rape escaped justice and others were persecuted on the basis that they were involved in mass rape because it was a natural consequence of war. But, women are targeted with rape in time of war because they are the symbolic representation of a culture, ethnicity, and the unifying fabric of their people and nation. The objective of this paper is to show that war rape is not a result of war; instead it is a means of human destruction through moral attack and emasculation. It aims to show that women rape in warfare is neither a misogynist act nor a sexual violence but it is a pre-planned weapon used strategically and systematically to fulfill certain political and military agenda. The study focuses on the sexual abuse of women in the Democratic Republic of Congo in time of war in Lynn Nottage’s Pulitzer Prize play, Ruined (2007). The study applies Jonathan Gottschall’s Strategic Rape theory, which highlights war rape as a pre-planned military strategy. The enemy emasculates men and attacks them morally by raping their women. Consequently, men’s failure to protect their women causes them to give up resistance, leave their lands and families because of shame and humiliation. The study concludes that women rape in time of war is a tactic followed by conquerors intentionally to facilitate and guarantee the achievement of certain pre-planned goals as was the case of mass rape in the DRC.
ZONING AND WILD BOAR MANAGEMENT: A MULTI-CRITERIA APPROACH TO PLANNING

Wild boar Sus scrofa management is a central issue in Europe, particularly in Italy. The problem mainly concerns the impact of wild boar on natural (protected areas) and artificial habitats (cultivated lands), and the demands of hunters, which result in a social conflict. Our study was conducted in Siena Province (central Italy), and mainly aimed to identify areas for hierarchically actions based on both objective and subjective criteria. We collected all available data regarding counts, harvest and hunting effort on the wild boar population (1988-1999), and on damage to cultivation (1996-1999). We performed a habitat analysis by the use of a GIS and numerical data, defining, by means of cluster analysis, 3 homogeneous habitat classes in terms of wooded/natural areas and cultivated lands (cultivated, intermediate, wooded). Subsequently, to better define habitat suitability for the wild boar we used Multiple Logistic Regression. We then formulated an expert model for indexing the vulnerability to damage of each cultivation type, on the basis of the entity and occurrence of damage. All the models were then applied to the Siena Province, and results have been combined in a simple expert model of sustainability, to identify areas of different management priorities. As this approach links both objective predictions gained from different quality field data, and expert and managers criteria coming form political and economic constraints, we believe it to be a useful tool for planning management strategies.
Nutritional Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Chrysophyllum africanum Leaves and Pulp

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Chrysophyllum africanum leaves and pulp. Results revealed that the leaves contain considerable amounts of minerals and vitamins as follows: 14.14 mg/100 g for iron, 2.37 mg/100g for potassium, 1434.38 mg/100 g for manganese, 82.71 mg/100 g for magnesium, 185.49 mg/100g for calcium, 28.33 mg/kg for ascorbic acid, 13.33 mg/kg for thiamine and 55.83 mg/kg for pyridoxine. Furthermore, it was found that both the leaves and pulps were also rich in the following: 297.49-304.94 mg QE/100 g for total flavonoids, 2086.98-2304.72 mg GAE/100 g for total phenolics, 1.6-96400 mg/kg for citric acid and 130.23-515.23 mg/100 g for tannins. Our results therefore demonstrate that could serve as supplementary source of essential nutrients and antioxidant components with health benefits.
How adolescents with dyslexia dysorthographia use texting

Adolescents with dyslexia dysorthographia have some phonological skill deficiency and/or visual-attention deficit. Knowing that these same skills are required to use SMS codes, the main objective of this study is to understand how these subjects use texting language. To understand this, we compared the SMSs of adolescents with dyslexia dysorthographia with the SMSs of typical writers in a dictation task. We analyzed the number and the type of SMS codes used by the subjects. This study shows less use of SMS codes in quantitative terms in adolescents with dyslexia dysorthographia (DD), but globally equivalent use in terms of quality, in comparison with normal writers. Keywords: adolescent; SMS language; dyslexia; dysorthographia; writing; development
Ion gyroharmonic structures in stimulated radiation during second electron gyroharmonic heating: 1. Theory

Stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEEs) may provide important diagnostic information about space plasma composition, energetics, and dynamics during active experiments in which ground‐based high‐powered radio waves are transmitted into the ionosphere. The nonlinear plasma processes producing this secondary radiation are not well understood particularly for some recent observations where the transmitter (pump) frequency is near the second harmonic of the electron gyrofrequency. New, more comprehensive, experimental observations of spectral features within 1 kHz of the pump wave frequency are reported here to begin more careful comparisons of the experimental observations and a possible theoretical underpinning, which is also provided. The experimental observations typically show two distinct types of secondary radiation spectra, which are (a) discrete narrowband harmonic spectral structures ordered by the ion gyrofrequency and (b) broadband spectral structure with center frequency near 500 Hz and similar spectral bandwidth. A theoretical model is provided that interprets these spectral features as resulting from parametric decay instabilities in which the pump field ultimately decays into high‐frequency upper hybrid/electron Bernstein and low‐frequency neutralized ion Bernstein and/or obliquely propagating ion acoustic waves at the upper hybrid interaction altitude. Detailed calculations of the threshold level, growth rate, unstable wave number, and frequency bandwidth of the instabilities are provided for comparisons with experimental observations. An assessment of the effect of the critical instability parameters are provided including pump electric field strength, proximity of the pump frequency to the electron gyrofrequency and pump electric field geometry. The model shows quite reasonable agreement with the experimental observations. Further discussions are provided of connections with past observed SEE spectral features and potential new diagnostic information provided by these newly categorized spectra.
Internationalisation of Entrepreneurial Firms: An Enactment-Effectuation Dance

This paper proposes that to understand the under-theorised process of entrepreneurial firm internationalisation it is necessary to look at entrepreneurial action as the process is driven by the entrepreneur. It draws from enactment concept (Weick, 1979, 1995, 2001) of human action theory and effectuation principle (Sarasvathy, 2001, 2005; Sarasvathy et al., 2003) from entrepreneurship theory to suggest four propositions to explain that entrepreneurial enactment and effectuation co-occur in entrepreneurial firm internationalisation, and that the success of internationalisation initiatives of entrepreneurial firms is driven by high levels of both enactment and effectuation action co-occurring. Illustrative data from 4 entrepreneurial internationalisation initiatives are presented in a theory building attempt.
Simultaneous determination of production and shipment decisions for a multi-product inventory system with a rework process

In a turbulent and highly competitive business environment, management always pursues options to reduce overall operating costs. The vendor‐buyer integrated system has recently drawn attention from managers, because it can benefit both parties of the supply chain and it is suitable to be applied to a so‐called intra‐supply chain system within the present‐day globalized enter‐ prise. This study attempts to simultaneously determine production and ship‐ ment decisions for a multi‐product vendor‐buyer integrated inventory system with a rework process, wherein multiple products are fabricated in sequence by a single machine under a rotation cycle time policy. All defective items produced in regular production are assumed repairable, and are reworked right after the regular production ends. Finished goods of each product are transported to sales offices/customers after rework. A multi‐delivery policy is applied, wherein a fixed quantity of n instalments of the finished batch is delivered at fixed intervals during the delivery timeframe. Mathematical modelling and optimization techniques are used to help simultaneously de‐ termine the optimal production and shipment decisions that minimize the expected overall system costs. A numerical example is used to show the ap‐ plicability of our research results. © 2016 PEI, University of Maribor. All rights reserved.
MICROLEAKAGE EVALUATION OF MODIFIED MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE EFFECT TOWARD MARGINAL ADAPTATION ON CERVICAL DENTIN PERFORATION

Objective: To analyze the marginal adaptation of conventional MTA (ProRoot®MTA) and modified MTA (MTA Flow™) on perforated dentin. Methods: Forty specimens of human’s premolar teeth with lateral perforations were sealed by conventional MTA (n=20) and modified MTA (n=20). After 24 hours, the specimens were immersed in Indian ink for 24 hours, then embedded in resin and sectioned longitudinally in mesial-distal direction. The score of microleakage was determined using stereo microscope (SteREO Discovery. V12, Carl Zeiss) with 20x magnification. Statistical analysis was done by Chi Square (p<0,05). Results: Less microleakage score (0,5-1mm) was detected in modified MTA (25%) compared to conventional MTA (45%), although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Microleakage were detected in both conventional and modified MTA as material for cervical dentin perforation treatment, although modified-MTA group showed less microleakage score.
Numerical study of winter water formation in the Chukchi Sea: Roles and impacts of coastal polynyas

Winter water formation is examined in the Chukchi Sea for the winters of 1992–2006 using a primitive equation ocean model forced by NCEP wind and surface salinity flux derived from SSM/I thin ice thickness estimates. The model is also forced by an external inflow of 0.8 Sv through the Bering Strait. The model successfully reproduces the oceanic circulation on the Chukchi shelf, thus providing numerous insights into behaviors of salt‐enriched water produced on the shelf. The experiments show that under northeasterly winds, northward throughflow across Barrow Canyon is reduced. This results in salinity buildup under freezing conditions and ultimately in greater enhancement of salinity of the waters carried into the Arctic Basin. The flow and salinity enhancement of the flow through Herald Canyon is less extreme but more steady than through Barrow Canyon. Together with moored salinity in the Bering Strait, the model results estimate the actual salinity to be 32.9 ± 0.8 psu and 32.7 ± 0.3 psu, respectively, for waters moving through the Barrow and Herald Canyons. Both estimates are less than 33.1 psu that is typically observed for the cold halostad layer in the Canada Basin, suggesting the importance of diapycnal mixing with saltier Atlantic origin water.
The European M&A Industry: A Market in the Process of Construction

Executive Overview In 2007, for the first time in recent history, the volume of mergers and acquisitions by European companies surpassed that of their U.S. counterparts. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the trends and drivers of this surge in M&A activity in the European Union. It reviews the role of the European Commission in fostering a level playing field for takeover activity and the key characteristics of M&A deals in Europe. Despite evidence of significant progress toward the development of a homogeneous market for M&As, important differences still hold among European countries both in the rules and in the patterns that M&A activity takes. The analysis suggests that this dissimilarity between Europe and the U.S. is not solely linked to the existence of a harmonized market but rather arises from unique institutional characteristics ingrained in the corporate structure of companies, which differ among European countries. This raises questions about the generalizability of current resear.