Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instrumental vaginal deliveries at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital

Context : Appropriate anaesthesia, efficient blood transfusion services, efficacious antibiotics and qualified personnel are not readily available for safe caesarean section in most developing countries. There is therefore, the need to promote the practice of instrumental vaginal delivery. Consequently, this review is intended to awaken interest in the practice of instrumental delivery. Objectives of the Study : To determine the extent of use and complications associated with the use of obstetric forceps and ventouse in a teaching hospital. Setting and Subjects : All cases of instrumental deliveries (obstetric forceps and vacuum extraction) at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, between 1 of January 1993 and 31 of December 2000 were reviewed. Results : Out of a total of 10 881 deliveries recorded, 181 (1.67%) were by vacuum extraction and 33 (0.30%) were by forceps. The common indications for forceps deliveries and vacuum extraction were delay in the second stage of labour and medical conditions, including pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and cardiac disease. The main maternal complications were lacerations of the genital tract. One maternal death was recorded. The most frequent fetal complication was birth asphyxia. Fresh stillbirth was found in 7 (2.21 per cent) of vacuum extraction, and 2 (6.06 per cent) of forceps deliveries. Other foetal complications noted were cephalhaematoma and intracranial haemorrhage. Conclusions : Training of resident doctors and other medical staff in charge of deliveries and the use of less traumatic devices are essential in the effort to promote the correct use of the instrument and the avoidance of complications. Keywords : vacuum, forceps, instrumental Vaginal delivery Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vol. 22(1) 2005: 42-45
High concordance of EGFR mutation status between histologic and corresponding cytologic specimens of lung adenocarcinomas

Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) are associated significantly with responsiveness to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of cytologic specimens for assessing EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinomas.
A Reappraisal of the Incidence of Placental Hydatidiform Mole Using Selective Molecular Genotyping

Objective Reports on the incidence of hydatidiform mole (HM) have varied depending on study population and methodology. This institutional-based study was undertaken to identify the incidence of HM in a modern obstetric practice using advanced laboratory diagnostic techniques. Methods A retrospective review of consecutive hospital cases of HM was conducted for a 27-month period. Pathologic diagnoses of partial mole (PM) and complete mole (CM) were based on histopathologic assessment and selective use of p57 immunohistochemistry and molecular genotyping (MG) using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Results During the study period, 14,944 obstetric deliveries took place at our institution. Forty-nine cases of HM (18 CMs, 31 PMs) were identified. Histopathology with the selective use of p57 immunohistochemistry was used in 25 of 49 HMs (18 CMs, 7 PMs). Histopathologic features were equivocal in the remaining cases (24/49 cases), and adjunctive MG was performed; all were PMs. The incidence of HM was 3.3/1000 deliveries. Partial mole was more prevalent with a CM (PM ratio, 1:1.72). Conclusions Our observed incidence of HM is greater than previous studies and is attributable to improved detection of PM cases. Molecular genotyping and cytogenetic evidence indicate that CM is almost half as common as PM. This ratio may be useful in benchmarking laboratory diagnosis and HM registries.
Enamel Matrix Derivative Versus Bioactive Ceramic Filler in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects: 12‐Month Results

Background: This study examined the clinical efficacy of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and bioactive ceramic filler (BCF) in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects and evaluated factors influencing the treatment outcome.Methods: Thirteen chronic periodontitis patients, 41 to 74 years of age, who had two proximal intrabony defects in different jaw quadrants with ≥3 mm vertical radiographic bone loss were selected for this study. After initial therapy, the sites in each patient were randomly assigned to EMD or BCF treatment. Clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), tooth mobility (TM), gingival recession (GR), bleeding on probing, and dental plaque were recorded at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. At surgery, the intrabony component was characterized by recording the number of bony walls, distance in millimeters from the buccal crest (BC) to the most apical point of the defect, distance from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the BC, and the mesio-distal width of the defect at the lev.
Dismorfia muscular, imagen corporal y conductas alimentarias en dos poblaciones masculinas

Background: Muscle dysmorphia or vigorexia is a disorder in which a person becomes obsessed with the idea that he or she is not muscular enough. Aim: To assess physical exercise, eating behaviors and the presence of muscle dysmorphia among weightlifters and medical students. Subjects and Methods: Cross sectional evaluation of 88 male weightlifters aged 27 ± 7 years and 84 male medical students aged 22 ± 1 year was made. Eating behaviors were evaluated using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). The perception of body image was assessed using the Graduate Hannover Scale (GHS). Results: Prevalence of muscle dysmorphia among weightlifters was 13.6%. Both groups did not differ in body dissatisfaction. Interest in appearance among weightlifters was significantly higher than in students and ranged significantly higher in EAT-40 and EDI (p < 0.001). Other sports were practiced with the same frequency by weightlifters and students. Weightlifters expended more time than students exercising to improve their appearance (p < 0.005). Forty two percent of weightlifters with muscle dysmorphia displayed abuse of anabolics and 67% used other substances to improve their performance (p < 0.005). Conclusions: The presence of muscle dysmorphia among weightlifters was confirmed. They were dissatisfied with their body image and more concerned with their physical appearance than those without muscle dysmorphia and/or students. Their anabolic abuse rate was high. Our findings were similar to those reported in the international literature.
Sulphur isotope fractionation during the reduction of elemental sulphur and thiosulphate by Dethiosulfovibrio spp.

Stable sulphur isotope fractionation was investigated during reduction of thiosulphate and elemental sulphur at 28°C by growing batch cultures of the sulphur- and thiosulphate-reducing bacteria Dethiosulfovibrio marinus (type strain DSM 12537) and Dethiosulfovibrio russensis (type strain DSM 12538), using citrate as carbon and energy source. The cell-specific thiosulphate reduction rate in the growth phase was 7.4±3.9 fmol cell−1 d−1. The hydrogen sulphide produced was enriched in 32S by 10.3±1 ‰ compared with total thiosulphate sulphur, close to previous experimental results observed for other sulphate- and non-sulphate-reducing bacteria. Elemental sulphur reduction yields sulphur isotope enrichment factors between−1.3 and−5.2 ‰ for D. russensis and−1.7 and−5.1 ‰ for D. marinus. The smaller fractionation effects are observed in the exponential growth phase (cellular rates between 5 and 70 fmol S° cell−1 d−1) and enhanced discrimination under conditions of citrate depletion and cell lysis (cellular rates between 0.3 and 3 fmol S° cell−1 d−1).
The Effect of Metformin on Oncological Outcomes in Patients With Cervical Cancer With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate any association between metformin use and oncological outcomes of cervical cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods We retrospectively identified 248 patients with cervical cancer with type 2 DM who received primary treatment between 2004 and 2015. The clinicopathological characteristics and oncological outcomes were collected and analyzed. The patients were then separated into metformin use (n = 118) or non–metformin use (n = 130) groups. Results With a median follow-up of 2.85 years, patients who were given metformin had lower recurrence rate than patients who did not receive metformin (P = 0.011). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 81.55% and 93.27% in the metformin use group, and 65.06% and 86.82% for the non–metformin use group, respectively. In multivariate analysis, non–metformin use (hazard ratio [HR], 1.89; P = 0.037), baseline hypertension (HR, 2.52; P = 0.005), and stage (HR for stage II vs I, 3.48; HR for stage III vs I, 6.45; P = 0.01) were independent adverse prognostic factors for DFS, whereas the statistically significant independent prognostic factors for OS were age (HR for age >65 vs ≤50, 3.86; P = 0.044) and stage (HR for stage III-IVA vs I-II, 3.45; P = 0.007). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that metformin use is associated with improved DFS, but not in OS in patients with cervical cancer with type 2 DM. Further large-scale and long-term follow-up studies are warranted to confirm the antitumor effects of metformin.
Partitioning of atmospheric carbon dioxide over Central Europe: insights from combined measurements of CO 2 mixing ratios and their carbon isotope composition

Regular measurements of atmospheric CO 2 mixing ratios and their carbon isotope composition (13C/12C and 14C/12C ratios) performed between 2005 and 2009 at two sites of contrasting characteristics (Krakow and the remote mountain site Kasprowy Wierch) located in southern Poland were used to derive fossil fuel-related and biogenic contributions to the total CO 2 load measured at both sites. Carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere, not coming from fossil fuel and biogenic sources, was considered ‘background’ CO 2. In Krakow, the average contribution of fossil fuel CO 2 was approximately 3.4%. The biogenic component was of the same magnitude. Both components revealed a distinct seasonality, with the fossil fuel component reaching maximum values during winter months and the biogenic component shifted in phase by approximately 6 months. The partitioning of the local CO 2 budget for the Kasprowy Wierch site revealed large differences in the derived components: the fossil fuel component was approximately five times lower than that derived for Krakow, whereas the biogenic component was negative in summer, pointing to the importance of photosynthetic sink associated with extensive forests in the neighbourhood of the station. While the presented study has demonstrated the strength of combined measurements of CO 2 mixing ratios and their carbon isotope signature as efficient tools for elucidating the partitioning of local atmospheric CO 2 loads, it also showed the important role of the land cover and the presence of the soil in the footprint of the measurement location, which control the net biogenic surface CO 2 fluxes.
The Competent Infant

This 1,300-odd page book is, in the editor's terminology, a "handbook of readings" in developmental psychology of the infant. The papers cover a variety of topics: individuality in development, prenatal and perinatal development, the capabilities of the newborn, development during year one, early experience (deprivation and enrichment), and the social infant. Papers dealing with both animal as well as human development are presented. The reader will find the material neither textual nor complete, as this is a compilation. For example, the section on hearing in newborns reveals an absence of several important references. While this volume is designed for the serious student of infant behavior, especially the clinical psychologist and the speech and language pathologist, it will be of limited value to the average otolaryngologist, resident, or medical student. One must recognize, however, that the collection is not designed for the latter audience.
Milk production and nutrient partitioning as measured by 13C enrichment of milk components during C3 and C4 plant feeding in purebred Holstein and in Charolais × Holstein F2 crossbred cows

Nutrient partitioning was investigated in cows with different genetic merits for milk production by measuring 13C/12C ratios (reported by delta values δ13C) in milk components in response to C3 (grass silage) and C4 diets (corn silage). We hypothesised that changes of δ13C in milk differ between Holstein (HOL; high milk production) and Charolais × Holstein cows with medium (CHM) and low (CHL) milk production. Changes of δ13C (Δδ13C) in milk components were estimated by calculating differences of δ13C due to switch from C3 to C4 feeding. After switch to C4 feeding, Δδ13C of lactose was greater in HOL than in CHL. Immediate Δδ13C of milk fat was the lowest in CHL. The maximal Δδ13C of casein was the lowest in HOL. The proportion of carbon in milk derived from diet increased with milk yield, indicating the main impact of the milk production level, but minor impact of breed, on nutrient partitioning towards the mammary gland.
Stable hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of methoxyl groups during plant litter degradation

Stable hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of methoxyl groups (δ2Hmethoxyl and δ13Cmethoxyl values, respectively) in plant material have been shown to possess characteristic signatures. These isotopic signatures can be used for a variety of applications such as constraining the geographical origin and authenticity of biomaterials. Recently, it has also been suggested that δ2Hmethoxyl values of sedimentary organic matter of geological archives might serve as a palaeoclimate/-hydrology proxy. However, deposited organic matter is subject to both biotic and abiotic degradation processes, and therefore an evaluation of their potential impact on the δ2Hmethoxyl and δ13Cmethoxyl values would allow more reliable interpretations of both isotopic signatures. Here, we investigated this potential influence by exposing foliar litter of five different tree species (Sycamore maple, Mountain ash, European beech, Norway spruce and Scots pine) to natural degradation. The foliar litter was sampled at nine intervals over a 27-month period, and the bulk methoxyl content as well as the δ2Hmethoxyl and δ13Cmethoxyl values were measured. At the end of the experiment, a loss of the bulk methoxyl in the range of ∼40–70 % was measured. Linear regression analysis showed no dependence of δ2Hmethoxyl values with methoxyl content for four out of five foliar litter samples studied (R2 in the range of 0.03 and 0.36, p > .05). On the contrary, the δ13Cmethoxyl values showed significant linear correlations for the great majority of the foliar litter samples (R2 in the range of 0.51 and 0.73, p < .05). The litter species with the greatest methoxyl loss (Mountain ash, Scots pine and Norway spruce) showed the strongest 13C enrichment, by up to ∼5 ‰. Since δ2Hmethoxyl shows no systematic overall change during the course of degradation, we propose that there is considerable potential for its use as a palaeoclimate proxy for a wide range of geological archives containing, for instance, fossil wood or sedimentary organic matter. Care would need to be taken if δ13Cmethoxyl values of degraded organic matter are used for palaeoclimate/-environmental investigations.
Synchronous transnational collaborative learning: An interesting model of education to learn medicine in global perspectives

There is a significant gap between teaching and use of interesting technological resources by most of the faculties in medical schools around the globe. The objective of this paper is to highlight a Malaysian medical school’s experience on the use of a Synchronous Transnational Collaborative Learning (STCL) methodology using MedEdWorld – a technological resource of medical education, based at Dundee University, UK. A cross sectional study was carried out on 11 year-4 students and one facilitator of University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre who participated in MedEdWorld’s STCL topic ‘Yellow Newborn Infant: Normal or abnormal, that is the question’ held on 24 March 2010 at 0800 hrs GMT. Other participating institutions were from Romania, Finland, Taiwan and Great Britain. The topic was delivered by a consultant from Dundee University, which lasted for one hour. At the end of the STCL presentation, a questionnaire was administered to all of the UKM Medical Centre’s participants to investigate their experience. The participants’ experiences were very positive and they loved it. The STCL was an interesting way to learn medicine in global perspectives, live and in the virtual presence of those from other international institutions. Medical schools should be promising to adopt STCL in order to promote medical education in an interesting way. This paper offers other medical schools, especially of the South East Asian Region, a window to promote further development of medical education and practice. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/seajph.v1i1. 13222 South East Asia Journal of Public Health 2011:1:59-63
Correlation of p16 immunohistochemistry in FNA biopsies with corresponding tissue specimens in HPV‐related squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx

Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a unique form of carcinoma that is important to identify for prognosis and treatment. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16 (also known as cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, multiple tumor suppressor 1) is used as a surrogate marker for transcriptionally active, high‐risk HPV. The primary objective of this study was to correlate p16 IHC of cell blocks from fine‐needle aspirations (FNAs) with surgical pathology specimens of HPV‐related oropharyngeal SCC.
The cytomorphological features of low‐grade urothelial neoplasms vary by specimen type

Urinary tract (UT) cytology has been used successfully to diagnose high‐grade urothelial carcinoma but is reported to have poor sensitivity for low‐grade urothelial neoplasms (LGUNs). However, the literature has shown that LGUN may be associated with atypical findings in UT specimens. The authors determined which features were most commonly observed, and whether the method of specimen procurement had an effect.
Sulfate Reduction in a Forested Catchment as Indicated by δ(34)S Values of Sulfate in Soil Solutions and Runoff.

Abstract In a forested catchment in the Fichtelgebirge mountains (NE-Bavaria, Germany) the long term SO(4) (2-) budget (average 1988-1994) indicated that about 40% of the input with throughfall (16.8 kg SO(4) (2-) S·ha(-1)·yr(-1)) was retained in the catchment. In order to identify processes acting as potential SO(4) (2-) sinks, δ(34)S values of SO(4) (2-) in soil solutions and runoff were measured between May and November 1994. δ(34)S values of the runoff and the fen were higher (5.8‰) than the δ(34)S values of the soil solution of the oxic soils in the terrestrial area (3.9‰). Because there is no lithogenic S source within the catchment, it can be assumed that SO(4) (2-) deposition is the only S source in the catchment. Thus the results were interpreted as a result of SO(4) (2-) reduction within the catchment, because the uptake of (32)S is favoured during the dissimilatory SO(4) (2-) reduction and (34)S is consequently enriched in the soil solution. To estimate the amount of SO(4) (2-) reduced isotopic fractionation factors between - 9‰ and -46‰ were considered, resulting in SO(4) (2-) reduction rates of 1.8-9.3 kg SO(4) (2)-S·ha(-1)yr(-1). It was concluded that besides dissimilatory SO(4) (2-) reduction another sink exists in the catchment (e.g. SO(4) (2-) sorption in deep soil layers).
Prognostic Impact of p53, p27, and C-MYC on Clinicopathological Features and Outcome in Early-Stage (FIGO I-II) Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Introduction: The objective of the study was to evaluate the prognostic effect of p53, p27, and C-MYC on clinicopathological features, recurrent disease, and disease-free survival (DFS) of 131 patients with ovarian cancer in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages I-II. Methods: The technique of tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry was used for detection of positivity/overexpression of the biological markers p53, p27, and C-MYC. Results: In the complete series, the 5-year and overall survival rates were 68% and 71%, respectively. Positive staining for p53, p27, and C-MYC was detected in 25%, 57%, and 76% of cases, respectively. Positivity of p53, p27, concomitant p53-p27, C-MYC, and C-MYC-p27 status were associated with tumor grade. Positivity of p27 and concomitant p53-p27 were related to serous tumors. In survival analysis, DFS was related to p53, combined p53-p27, and combined p53-C-MYC status. Significant predictive factors for tumor recurrences were the FIGO stage (odds ratio [OR] = 9.8), status of node sampling (OR = 0.2), and p53 status (OR = 3.7) in a logistic regression analysis. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, FIGO stage (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.3) and p53 status (HR = 3.0) were significant prognostic factors for DFS. In a separate Cox regression analysis, FIGO stage (HR = 2.0) and concomitant p53-p27-C-MYC status (HR = 0.3) were independent prognostic factors for DFS. It was possible to identify a subgroup, constituting 30% of the patients, who had excellent survival with tumors of concomitant p53 negativity, p27 positivity, and C-MYC positivity apart from the clinicopathological factors. Patients in this subgroup were longtime survivors with DFS of 92% at 5 and 9 years. Conclusions: The results of this study strongly suggest that patients with p53-positive tumors (alone/or combined with p27 and/or C-MYC) had significantly worse survival (DFS) compared with patients with p53-negative tumors. Patients with p53-positive tumors continued to have recurrences after the 5-year follow-up and die in disease.