Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An upper limit to the interstellar $\vec{C_5}$ abundance in translucent clouds

We have analyzed high resolution spectra of several slightly to moderately reddened stars collected at two observatories: ESO (La Silla) and Terskol (Northern Caucasia), to estimate the abundance of the C 5 molecule in the interstellar medium. We confirm the presence of a feature near 4975 A which appears to be a weak DIB rather than the predicted C 5 band since the origin band near 5109 A remains invisible even in spectra of high signal–to–noise ratio (~2500) and spectral resolution ($R\sim 220\,000$). This confirms that the C 5 abundance in translucent interstellar clouds is very low. We estimate its limit as low as 10 11 cm -2 in the scale $E(B-V)=0.35$ for “zeta" type objects that is two times lower than that of Maier et al. (2002).
Chemically active outflow L 1157

We present millimeter-wave maps of the L 1157 bipolar outflow in several molecular emission lines. The CO emission traces the bulk of the outflowing gas in the red and blue shifted lobes displaying a remarkable S-shaped symmetry indicating the presence of a precessing jet. We determine the physical characteristics of the CO flow and show evidence for 3 or 4 independent episodes of mass ejection from the source. Molecules such as C 3 H 2 , N 2 H + and DCO + are seen to be abundant only in the quiescent medium, and result to be the best tracers of the high-density core surrounding the driving source of the outflow. Other molecules (SiO, CH 3 OH, H 2 CO, HCN, CN, SO, SO 2 ) are abundant in the outflow lobes, but exhibit strong emission gradients. Multiline observations of some species indicate that these gradients are not simply due to excitation effects, but are caused by an actual stratification in the chemical composition of the shocked molecular gas. Shock tracers such as SiO, CH 3 OH, and sulphur-bearing molecules result to be the most promising candidates as potential chemical clocks to study the evolution of outflows. The characteristics of the L 1157 outflow, when compared to those of other outflows from Class 0 sources, indicate that L 1157 is the prototype of a category of bipolar outflows around Class 0 protostars which we denominate "chemically active outflows" .
The Dramatic Size and Kinematic Evolution of Massive Early-type Galaxies

We aim to provide a holistic view on the typical size and kinematic evolution of massive early-type galaxies (ETGs) that encompasses their high-z star-forming progenitors, their high-z quiescent counterparts, and their configurations in the local Universe. Our investigation covers the main processes playing a relevant role in the cosmic evolution of ETGs. Specifically, their early fast evolution comprises biased collapse of the low angular momentum gaseous baryons located in the inner regions of the host dark matter halo; cooling, fragmentation, and infall of the gas down to the radius set by the centrifugal barrier; further rapid compaction via clump/gas migration toward the galaxy center, where strong heavily dust-enshrouded star formation takes place and most of the stellar mass is accumulated; and ejection of substantial gas amount from the inner regions by feedback processes, which causes a dramatic puffing-up of the stellar component. In the late slow evolution, passive aging of stellar populations and mass additions by dry merger events occur. We describe these processes relying on prescriptions inspired by basic physical arguments and by numerical simulations to derive new analytical estimates of the relevant sizes, timescales, and kinematic properties for individual galaxies along their evolution. Then we obtain quantitative results as a function of galaxy mass and redshift, and compare them to recent observational constraints on half-light size Re, on the ratio v/σ between rotation velocity and velocity dispersion (for gas and stars) and on the specific angular momentum j⋆ of the stellar component; we find good consistency with the available multiband data in average values and dispersion, both for local ETGs and for their z ∼ 1–2 star-forming and quiescent progenitors. The outcomes of our analysis can provide hints to gauge sub-grid recipes implemented in simulations, to tune numerical experiments focused on specific processes, and to plan future multiband, high-resolution observations on high-redshift star-forming and quiescent galaxies with next-generation facilities.
The Origin of the Milky Way's Halo Age Distribution

We present an analysis of the radial age gradients for the stellar halos of five Milky Way (MW) mass-sized systems simulated as part of the Aquarius Project. The halos show a diversity of age trends, reflecting their different assembly histories. Four of the simulated halos possess clear negative age gradients, ranging from approximately −7 to −19 Myr kpc−1, shallower than those determined by recent observational studies of the Milky Way’s stellar halo. However, when restricting the analysis to the accreted component alone, all of the stellar halos exhibit a steeper negative age gradient with values ranging from −8 to −32 Myr kpc−1, closer to those observed in the Galaxy. Two of the accretion-dominated simulated halos show a large concentration of old stars in the center, in agreement with the Ancient Chronographic Sphere reported observationally. The stellar halo that best reproduces the current observed characteristics of the age distributions of the Galaxy is that formed principally by the accretion of small satellite galaxies. Our findings suggest that the hierarchical clustering scenario can reproduce the MW’s halo age distribution if the stellar halo was assembled from accretion and the disruption of satellite galaxies with dynamical masses less than ∼109.5 M☉, and a minimal in situ contribution.
On Some Caligids (Copepoda: Caligidae) from Plankton of a Coastal Lagoon in the Gulf of Mexico with a Description of a New Species of Metacaligus

Lagoon in the Gulf of Mexico with a Description of a New Species of Metacaligus Eduardo Suarez-Morales1,*, Il-Hoi Kim2, and Benigno J. Escamilla3 1El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Chetumal, Quintana Roo 77014, Mexico 2Department of Biology, Kangreung National University, Kangreung, Kangwon do 210 702, South Korea 3Instituto Tecnologico de Merida. Av. Tecnologico s/n, Merida Yucatan 97118, Mexico
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS WITH SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY APPROACH ERGONOMICS-BASED INCREASES LEARNING OUTCOME AND LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT STUDENTS OF IKIP SARASWATI TABANAN

To identifying whether biotechnological teaching learning with Science Technology Society approach Ergonomics-Based (STMBE) could improve the learning outcome and the students’ learning achievement. Methods: This is a randomized pre-and post-test control group design and involved 16 samples from the control group and another 16 samples from the experiment group. All data obtained was then statistically analyzed by employing t group test and Mann-Whitney at 5% significant levels. Results: The results showed that the biotechnological teaching learning using STMBE approach applied to the experimental group could increase the learning outcome viewed from the facts that the musculoskeletal complaint went down by 43.68% (p<0.05), that the exhaustion decreased by 34.90% (p<0.05), that boredom dropped by 22.64% (p<0.05), and that the learning activity went up by 42.72% (p<0.05), and that the students’ achievement rose by 43.56% (p<0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that the biotechnological teaching learning using STMBE approach could increase the learning outcome and the students’ learning achievement.
Inter-generic relationships of the crows, jays, magpies and allied groups (Aves: Corvidae) based on nucleotide sequence data

Phylogenetic relationships were studied based on DNA sequences obtained from all recognized genera of the family Corvidae sensu stricto. The aligned data set consists 2589 bp obtained from one mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. Maximum parsimony, maximum-likelihood, and Bayesian inference analyses were used to estimate phylogenetic relationships. The analyses were done for each gene separately, as well as for all genes combined. An analysis of a taxonomically expanded data set of cytochrome b sequences was performed in order to infer the phylogenetic positions of six genera for which nuclear genes could not be obtained. Monophyly of the Corvidae is supported by all analyses, as well as by the occurrence of a deletion of 16 bp in the β-fibrinogen intron in all ingroup taxa. Temnurus and Pyrrhocorax are placed as the sister group to all other corvids, while Cissa and Urocissa appear as the next clade inside them. Further up in the tree, two larger and well-supported clades of genera were recovered by the analyses. One has an entirely New World distribution (the New World jays), while the other includes mostly Eurasian (and one African) taxa. Outside these two major clades are Cyanopica and Perisoreus whose phylogenetic positions could not be determined by the present data. A biogeographic analysis of our data suggests that the Corvidae underwent an initial radiation in Southeast Asia. This is consistent with the observation that almost all basal clades in the phylogenetic tree consist of species adapted to tropical and subtropical forest habitats.
Ophiolites: Figments of Oceanic Lithosphere?

Summary To resolve the problem of what a particular ophiolite represents it is necessary to look both at the ophiolite and at the rocks surrounding it: those immediately adjacent to the ophiolite and those of the region. Detailed geochemical and petrological studies are unlikely, on their own, to contribute to an understanding of the tectonic setting of ophiolite formation, nor of emplacement. Evidence from ophiolite complexes of the Mesozoic Arabian margin is inconsistent with the view that they originated at the spreading centre of a major ocean, or in back-arc basins. Instead, it is argued that these ophiolites represent discontinuous ‘oceanic’ rifts formed within the Arabian passive margin. Metamorphism of rocks beneath the ophiolite is considered to mark extension of the margin associated with the formation of these oceanic rifts in the late Cretaceous. These ophiolites do not mark a major suture and the true suture lies to the north of the ophiolite zone.
Determinants of Attitudinal Dispositions of Secondary Health Care Providers and HIV Positive Mothers towards Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in Selected Healthcare Facilities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The World Health Organization has recommended that children of HIV positive mothers be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life unless replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe. The main objective of the study was to identify factors influencing attitudes of secondary health care providers and HIV positive mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding. Focus Group Discussion was used to elicit information from the respondents. Approval to conduct the study at the health facilities was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of the Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health, Uyo. A purposive sampling technique was used to select three secondary health facilities (one per senatorial district) out of 34 secondary facilities that conduct focused antenatal care, deliveries and post-natal care services. There were 46 participants comprising of Nurse/Midwives, and Medical Doctors. A total of six FGD sessions were conducted. Five themes emerged from the FGD namely: Awareness of the exclusive breastfeeding concept; health care provider attitude towards EBF by HIV positive mothers; HIV positive mothers’ perception towards HIV and exclusive breastfeeding; factors that can influence HIV positive mothers to breastfeed exclusively; and opinion on who will approve or disapprove HIV positive mother to breastfeed exclusively. The result showed that effective and adequate counselling was identified as a key factor that will influence HIV positive mothers to breastfeed exclusively. Poor knowledge and fear of transmission of the virus to baby were cited by most respondents as factors that will influence health care providers and HIV positive mothers’ attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding. This study recommended the need for more breastfeeding education for health care providers that will take into consideration current policy and guidelines for feeding HIV exposed infants since health care providers are uniquely positioned to educate HIV positive mothers on infant feeding options.
Nutritional and Antinutritional Properties of the Underexploited Wild Legume Rhynchosia bracteata Benth

The nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of Rhynchosia bracteata Benth. underexploited tribal pulses locally known as Advi Chekkudu in Telugu, used as food by local tribals in the Rollapenta forest, Kurnool district, Nallamalais of Andhra Pradesh. The mature seed samples were analysed for proximate composition, total (true) seed protein fractions, amino acid composition, fatty acids profile, mineral and antinutritional factors. The investigated seed samples contained higher amount of crude protein, crude fat, ash and nitrogen free extractives constitute 20.18, 6.16, 6.12 and 61.31 % respectively. The calorific value of the seed weight 100 g dry seed material was 366.86 K.cal. The essential amino acids, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, were present in relatively large quantities. The fatty acid profiles revealed that the seed lipids contained higher concentrations of palmitic and linoleic acids. The seeds are rich in magnesium, iron potassium and phosphorous. Antinutritional factors such as total free phenols, (3.76 %) tannins (0.29%), L -DOPA (0.51%), hydrogen cyanide (0.066%) and phytic acid (0.18%) are present in variable quantities. This paper presents the chemical composition and nutritional potential of Rhynchosia bracteata seeds with regard to its suitability as a regular component in human diet. Key words. Rhynchosia bracteata ; Proximate composition; Amino acids; Antinutritional factors; Fatty acids; Protein fractions; Hemagglutinating activity DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2. 4488 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2) , 141-146, 2011
OBSERVATION OF MOVEMENT AND ACTIVITY VIA RADIO-TELEMETRY REVEALS DIURNAL BEHAVIOR OF THE NEOTROPICAL kATYDID philophyllia ingens (ORTHOPTERA: TETTIGONIIDAE)

Detailed knowledge of species' and individual behaviour is important for the understanding of ecological proces - ses, but relevant data, particularly on small animals like insects are still widely lacking. Using newly available miniaturized technology, we radio-tracked movement and activity of ten male individuals of the Neotropical katydid Philophyllia ingens (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) in its natural rainforest habitat during 3.1 ± 1.8 days. Although most katydids are assumed to be predominantly nocturnal our results revealed peaks of activity during the day, probably feeding and/or stridulating activity, while long distance movements of ≥ 100 m were only observed at night. Home range size was 1139 ± 555 m 2 . Onset, but not drop-off of activity was correlated with peaks in wind speed and temperature. In addition, we observed a daily concerted downward movement from the canopy that may be a behaviour to avoid predation, while the earlier upward movement might be connected with temperature and food availability.
UTILIZATION OF WHITE GRAPE POMACE FOR LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION

White grape pomace (WGP) contains high amount of soluble carbohydrates (glucose and fructose), which can potentially be used as a carbon source in the fermentative production of bio-based chemicals. In this study, this waste was valorized by lactic acid (LA) production by Lactobacillus casei. Adding WGP directly into the culture medium at a solid loading of 10% yielded 33.3 g/L LA. Water extract of WGP allowed comparably faster LA production. Increasing the solid loading in the extraction step increased the LA titers, however, it had a significant negative effect on the production rate. In all cases, fructose was consumed at a slower rate as compared to glucose. Yeast extract powder was required at a concentration of 10 g/L to support LA production. Alternatively, baker’s yeast was autolyzed and the lysate was successfully used as the nitrogen source. The findings show that WGP can be regarded as a sustainable plant-based feedstock for LA production by L. casei, however, the probable negative effect of other pomace constituents should be avoided.
Cyber-victimization among Children: Prevalence, Characteristics, GenderDifferences and Links to Social Difficulties

Objective:The current study presents an updated initial picture of the nature of Cyberbullying (CB) among children in Israel. The study examined CB as it is manifested among primaryits prevalence, characteristics and gender differences, against the backdrop of traditional bullying. Methods: The study involved 242 pupils (54.1% girls). Data was gathered through questionnaires which were distributed to the participants, 4th and 5th grade pupils, from ten classes in two municipal primary schools located in the central region of Israel. Results:The research findings show that CB exists in Israel among young children: 15.8% of the children reported being cyber-victims and 31.7% reported knowing cyber-victims. The percentage of girl cyber-victims was higher than that of boys.It was found that children who had been bullied face-to-face were likely to be cyberbullied as well. The findings indicate a significant correlation between the frequency of internet usage and cybervictimization, and between CB and traditional bullying. Children who were cyber-victims reported having lower social support and a greater sense of loneliness than non-victims. Conclusion:The findings indicate the need to design and implement intervention programs focusing on the social aspect, in these early stages, along with treatment programs for young cyber-victims in order The tender age of children involved in cyberbullying suggests the need to involve parents and teachers in the programs' design.
Turning in circles: a new assessment of the Neolithic timber circles of Scotland

The large and growing number of timber circles recorded in Scotland as cropmarks on aerial photographs testifies to the important part they must have played in the later Neolithic monumental repertoire. However, this record of plough-levelled sites remains poorly understood, partly due to the problems involved in the interpretation of timber circles from cropmarks and the limited research that has taken place. In addition, it is rarely integrated with evidence from excavations. This paper, based upon research undertaken in 2003 for a Masters dissertation (Millican 2003) and recently updated, is an attempt to remedy this imbalance and outlines the current evidence for timber circles in Scotland and the new insight this provides into these enigmatic sites.
Spectral Stability of Periodic Solutions of Viscous Conservation Laws: Large Wavelength Analysis

Abstract We complete and unify the works by Oh and Zumbrun (2003a) and by the author (1994), about the spectral stability of traveling waves that are spatially periodic, in systems of n conservation laws. Our context is one-dimensional. These systems are of order larger than one, in general. For instance, they could be viscous approximations of first-order systems that are not everywhere hyperbolic. However, modelling considerations often lead to higher order terms, like capillarity in fluid dynamics; our framework remains valid in this more general setting. We make generic assumptions, saying in particular that the set of periodic traveling waves is a manifold of maximal dimension, under the restrictions given by the conserved quantities. The spectral stability of a periodic traveling wave is studied through Floquet's theory. Following Gardner (1993), we introduce an Evans function D(λ, θ), being λ the Laplace frequency and θ the phase shift. The large wavelength analysis is the description of the zero set of D around the origin. Our main result is that this zero set is described, at the leading order, by a characteristic equation This formula involves a flux F, which enters into a first-order system of conservation laws, describing the slow modulation of the periodic traveling waves. Its size N is in practice larger than n. The important consequence is that hyperbolicity of the latter system is a necessary condition for spectral stability of periodic traveling waves. Finally, we show that a similar treatment works for coupled map lattices obtained by discretizing systems of conservation laws.
Production and oil-emulsion formulation of Cadophora malorum and Alternaria jacinthicola , two biocontrol agents against Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes )

Cadophora malorum isolate Mln715 and Alternaria jacinthicola strain MUCL 53159 are under development as biocontrol agents against Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in Mali. Production of spores of these agents on locally available substrates (Water Hyacinth, powdered paddy rice chaff, wheat semolina) was assessed with a view to mass production. The C. malorum isolate sporulated best on Water Hyacinth (4.08 × 10 7 spores ml -1 ), followed by wheat (1.06 ×10 7 spores ml -1 ), whereas A. jacinthicola produced more spores on paddy rice chaff and wheat (0.24 x 10 7 spores ml -1 ). The severity of the damage caused by each pathogen was evaluated in the greenhouse and in the field. Under both greenhouse and field conditions, the biocontrol efficacy of the fungal isolates was improved with (unrefined) Carapa procera (L.) oil or (refined) palm oil, supplemented with soybean lecithin and Tween 20. When such a formulation was used, the incubation time was 4 to 5 days in the greenhouse and 7 to 9 days on the field, and the damage severity (DS) recorded 6 weeks after treatment varied from 87.02 to 93.13% in the greenhouse and from 59.11 to 63.00% in the field. For unformulated C. malorum and A. jacinthicola respectively, the incubation times were longer and the DS values were only 22.11 and 29.05% in the greenhouse and 12.05 and 15.15% on the field. Our results highlight good substrates for mass production of these mycoherbicides and demonstrate the ability of vegetable oil formulations to improve their efficacy.
Wood (delta)^(13)C as a Measure of Annual Basal Area Growth and Soil Water Stress in a Pinus Strobus Forest

The relationships between annual wood tissue δ 13 C, growing season soil water potential, and basal area growth were studied in a mature, white pine (Pinus strobus) stand at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, in western North Carolina. In 1992, four bolewood cores that spanned the years from 1980 to 1989 were extracted from each of ten equal-size, co-dominant white pine trees within the stand. The 1980s were a time of extreme climate with some of the hottest, driest, and wettest years recorded at Coweeta. Annual basal area growth ranged from 14.5 to 25.0 cm 2 . tree -1 . yr -1 , and modeled values of average growing season soil water potential ranged from -0.21 to -5.58 MPa, when measured to a depth of 60 cm. After correcting annual wood tissue δ 13 C for atmospheric changes in δ 13 C, carbon isotopic discrimination (A) ranged from 18.52 to 19.62‰. The A of annual wood tissue was positively correlated with average growing season soil water potential (r 2 = 0.74, P = 0.0005, n = 10 growing seasons) and average annual basal area growth (r 2 = 0.78, P = 0.0002, n = 10 seasons). Basal area growth and growing season soil water potential were also correlated (r 2 = 0.64, P = 0.002, n = 10 seasons). These results suggest that annual wood tissue δ 13 C could potentially be useful in estimating historic changes in soil water potential and basal area growth in mature forest ecosystems.