Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies of cryptorchidism in experimental animal models

Undescended testes are the most common inborn anomaly in boys but our understanding of the causes is still sparse. Experimental models of cryptorchidism in various species of animals have been used by many investigators in order to gain a better understanding of the aetiology, pathophysiology and potential treatment of the disorder. This review presents what has been gained so far by studies using experimental animal models of cryptorchidism.
The Relationship between College Experience and Academic Performance among Minority Students.

A number of factors have been identified as important to the retention and success of minority students in American higher education. Foremost among these factors are college experience variables like academic integration and social integration. The purpose of this study was to model the relationship between college experience and academic performance for minority students enrolled in an American institution of higher learning. Using structural equation modeling techniques, a model of the college experience consistent with past research was proposed and tested. The results provide support for the proposed model. Implications of the findings for improving research and practice in the field of educational management are outlined.
TTF‐2, a new forkhead protein, shows a temporal expression in the developing thyroid which is consistent with a role in controlling the onset of differentiation

Expression of thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroperoxidase (TPO) genes in thyroid follicular cells occurs in the mouse at embryonic day (E)14.5. Two transcription factors, TTF‐1 and Pax‐8, have been implicated in transcriptional activation of Tg and TPO, even though the onset of their expression is at E9.5, suggesting that additional events are necessary for transcriptional activation of Tg and TPO genes. We report in this paper the cloning of TTF‐2, a DNA binding protein that recognizes sites on both Tg and TPO promoters. TTF‐2 is a new forkhead domain‐containing protein whose expression is restricted to the endodermal lining of the foregut and to the ectoderm that will give rise to the anterior pituitary. TTF‐2 shows transient expression in the developing thyroid and anterior pituitary. In the thyroid, TTF‐2 expression is down‐regulated just before the onset of Tg and TPO gene expression, suggesting that this transcription factor plays the role in development of a negative controller of thyroid‐specific gene expression.
The effects of orthodontic forces during canine retraction using self-ligating brackets on gingival crevicular fluid enzyme activity, canine movement and root resorption

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were studied as biomarkers of canine movement. Root resorption was also evaluated in canines subjected to the orthodontic forces. Nineteen subjects randomly received 100 and 150 g force using self-ligating brackets (SLB) either on the right or left site of maxillary arch. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected at distal sites of canines for five consecutive weeks. The activities of ALP, TRAP and AST were assayed and measured spectrophotometrically. Canine movement was measured for five consecutive weeks while root resorption was monitored at baseline, week 0 and week 5 using periapical radiographs. In 100 g group, TRAP activity significantly increased in week 3-5 when compared to TRAP baseline activity. However, ALP and AST activities slightly increased. In 150 g group, ALP and TRAP activities slightly increased when compared with their baseline activities. However, AST significantly increased in week 5. Canine movement and root resorption were not significantly different (p<0.05) in both groups. A force of 100 and 150 g slightly increased the bone modeling process and resulted in similar canine movement and root resorption. Therefore, 100 g force could be an optimum force for canine retraction and is preferable (compared with 150 g force) in canine retraction using SLB.
BRASSICACEAE PHYLOGENY AND TRICHOME EVOLUTION 1

To estimate the evolutionary history of the mustard family (Brassicaceae or Cruciferae), we sampled 113 species, representing 101 of the roughly 350 genera and 17 of the 19 tribes of the family, for the chloroplast gene ndhF. The included accessions increase the number of genera sampled over previous phylogenetic studies by four-fold. Using parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian methods, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the gene and used the Shimodaira–Hasegawa test (S–H test) to compare the phylogenetic results with the most recent tribal classification for the family. The resultant phylogeny allowed a critical assessment of variations in fruit morphology and seed anatomy, upon which the current classification is based. We also used the S–H test to examine the utility of trichome branching patterns for describing monophyletic groups in the ndhF phylogeny. Our phylogenetic results indicate that 97 of 114 ingroup accessions fall into one of 21 strongly supported clades. Some of these clades can themselves be grouped into strongly to moderately supported monophyletic groups. One of these lineages is a novel grouping overlooked in previous phylogenetic studies. Results comparing 30 different scenarios of evolution by the S–H test indicate that five of 12 tribes represented by two or more genera in the study are clearly polyphyletic, although a few tribes are not sampled well enough to establish paraor polyphyly. In addition, branched trichomes likely evolved independently several times in the Brassicaceae, although malpighiaceous and stellate trichomes may each have a single origin.
Electron Transport in Boron Fullerenes

The electron transport properties of B80 fullerene is studied using first-principles density functional theory in conjunction with the Landauer-Biittiker quantum transport formalism. The electron transmission in B80 fullerene is calculated to be much higher than that in C60 fullerene in the Fermi-level region. The enhanced transmission in the B80 fullerene is attributed to its spatially extended charge distribution in delocalized bonds.
Endotracheal intubation through the intubating laryngeal mask airway (LMA-Fastrach™): A randomized study of LMA- Fastrach™ wire-reinforced silicone endotracheal tube versus conventional polyvinyl chloride tracheal tube

Context: A wire-reinforced silicone tube (LMA-Fastrach™ endotracheal tube) is specially designed for tracheal intubation using intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA). However, conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tracheal tubes have also been used with ILMA to achieve tracheal intubation successfully. Aim: To evaluate the success of tracheal intubation using the LMA-Fastrach™ tracheal tube versus conventional PVC tracheal tube through ILMA. Settings and Design: Two hundred adult ASA physical status I/II patients, scheduled to undergo elective surgery under general anaesthesia requiring intubation, were randomly allocated into two groups. Methods: The number of attempts, time taken, and manoeuvres employed to accomplish tracheal intubation were compared using conventional PVC tubes (group I) and LMA-Fastrach™ wire-reinforced silicone tubes (group II). Intraoperative haemodynamic changes and evidence of trauma and postoperative incidence of sore throat and hoarseness, were compared between the groups. Statistical Analysis: The data was analyzed using two Student's t test and Chi-square test for demographics and haemodynamic parameters. Mann Whitney U test was used for comparison of time taken for endotracheal tube insertion. Fisher's exact test was used to compare postoperative complications. Results: Rate of successful tracheal intubation and haemodynamic variables were comparable between the groups. Time taken for tracheal intubation and manoeuvres required to accomplish successful endotracheal intubation, however, were significantly greater in group I than group II (14.71±6.21 s and 10.04±4.49 s, respectively (P<0.001), and 28% in group I and 3% in group II, respectively (P<0.05)). Conclusion: Conventional PVC tube can be safely used for tracheal intubation through the ILMA.
Orchiectomy Markedly Reduces the Concentration of the Three Isoforms of Transforming Growth Factor β in Rat Bone, and Reduction Is Prevented by Testosterone.

Available evidence indicates that transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is produced by bone cells, that production is enhanced by testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, and that TGFβ is an important modulator of bone formation, induction, and repair. To determine the relative concentrations of isoforms of skeletal TGFβ, whether orchiectomy alters the concentration of TGFβ in long bones, and whether alteration is prevented by testosterone replacement, male Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated and given placebo (n= 20) or orchiectomized and given either placebo (n = 20) or 100 mg testosterone (n = 20) by slow-release pellets implanted sc at the back of the neck and killed at 6 weeks. Orchiectomy did not change serum calcium and lowered serum testosterone and serum phosphorus; these reductions were prevented by testosterone replacement. TGFβ1 in skeletal extracts was much more abundant than TGFβ2 or TGFβ3. Orchiectomy reduced skeletal TGFβ by over 80 percent, and reduction was prevented by testosterone.
Road Network and the Spatial Distribution of Wildfires in the Valencian Community (1993–2015)

Understanding the role of wildfire drivers is essential to implement more effective prevention strategies at the regional scale and to promote specific mitigation actions at the local scale. By considering municipalities as the elementary analysis domain, the present study investigates the spatial distribution of wildfires (1993–2015) in the Valencian Community, a Mediterranean fire-prone area with variable climate regimes, heterogeneous landscapes and increasing human pressure. Assuming that a denser road network increases the probability of wildfire occurrence, results of a quantitative analysis exploring the relationship between spatial location of ignition points and roads were presented. The empirical findings of this study contribute to ascertain the role of roads as a direct (or indirect) cause of wildfires in the Mediterranean region.
Antiproliferative Activity of G-rich Oligonucleotides Correlates with Protein Binding*

Oligonucleotides have been extensively studied as antisense or antigene agents that can potentially modulate the expression of specific genes. These strategies rely on sequence-specific hybridization of the oligonucleotide to mRNA or genomic DNA. Recently, it has become clear that oligonucleotides often have biological activities that cannot be attributed to their sequence-specific interactions with nucleic acids. Here we describe a series of guanosine-rich phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides that strongly inhibit proliferation in a number of human tumor cell lines. The presence of G-quartets in the active oligonucleotides is demonstrated using an UV melting technique. We show that G-rich oligonucleotides bind to a specific cellular protein and that the biological activity of the oligonucleotides correlates with binding to this protein. The G-rich oligonucleotide-binding protein was detected in both nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts and in proteins derived from the plasma membrane of cells. We present strong evidence that this protein is nucleolin, a multifunctional phosphoprotein whose levels are related to the rate of cell proliferation. Our results indicate that binding of G-rich oligonucleotides to nucleolin may be responsible for their non-sequence-specific effects. Furthermore, these oligonucleotides represent a new class of potentially therapeutic agents with a novel mechanism of action.
Identification of a Cytolethal Distending Toxin Gene Locus and Features of a Virulence-Associated Region inActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

ABSTRACT A genetic locus for a cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) was identified in a polymorphic region of the chromosome ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a predominant oral pathogen. The locus was comprised of three open reading frames (ORFs) that had significant amino acid sequence similarity and more than 90% sequence identity to the cdtABC genes of some pathogenicEscherichia coli strains and Haemophilus ducreyi, respectively. Sonic extracts from recombinant E. coli, containing the A. actinomycetemcomitans ORFs, caused the distension and killing of Chinese hamster ovary cells characteristic of a CDT. Monoclonal antibodies made reactive with the CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC proteins of H. ducreyi recognized the corresponding gene products from the recombinant strain. CDT-like activities were no longer expressed by the recombinant strain when an ΩKan-2 interposon was inserted into the cdtA andcdtB genes. Expression of the CDT-like activities inA. actinomycetemcomitans was strain specific. Naturally occurring expression-negative strains had large deletions within the region of the cdt locus. The cdtABC genes were flanked by an ORF (virulence plasmid protein), a partial ORF (integrase), and DNA sequences (bacteriophage integration site) characteristic of virulence-associated regions. These results provide evidence for a functional CDT in a human oral pathogen.
Becoming a Father to a Stillborn Child

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the reaction offers to a stillborn child. Because little research has been done on this topic, an exploratory descriptive study was conducted Eight fathers who had experienced a stillborn child were interviewed in-depth within the first 5 years following the death Although the fathers exhibited grief reactions and behaviors such as shock, denial, anger, and acceptance, it was evident that taking on a fathering role was of central importance. The basic social process that the fathers in this study experienced was becoming a father to the stillborn child. The fathers were trying to assume a fathering role while they were grieving the death of their child. Understanding the process of becoming a father to a stillborn child is of value to health care professionals when considering ways to help fathers who have experienced such a loss.
A Third-Generation 65nm 16-Core 32-Thread Plus 32-Scout-Thread CMT SPARC® Processor

The goals for this high-end commercial microprocessor are high throughput and high single-thread performance, mainframe-class reliability, hardware transactional memory, and linear scalability. We show how these goals are met by the logical and physical design of this 2.3GHz 396mm2 16-core 32-thread plus 32-scout-thread microprocessor.
Update on Familial Pituitary Tumors: from Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 to Familial Isolated Pituitary Adenoma

Background: Pituitary adenomas occur in a familial setting in about 5% of all cases and over half of these are due to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and Carney complex (CNC). Since the late 1990s, we have described non-MEN1/CNC familial pituitary tumors that include all tumor phenotypes and have named this condition ‘familial isolated pituitary adenoma’ (FIPA). Clinical features of FIPA differ from those of sporadic pituitary adenomas in that patients with FIPA are often younger and have larger tumors at diagnosis. About 15% of FIPA patients have mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein gene (AIP), which indicates that FIPA may have a diverse genetic pathophysiology. We review the clinical features of FIPA, the tumor pathologies found in this setting and the genetic/molecular data that have been recently reported. Conclusions: Clinically relevant pituitary adenomas are more common than previously thought and occur in a familial setting in about 5% of cases overall. Therefore, specific questioning regarding family history of pituitary disease should be part of the workup of all patients with pituitary adenomas, not just those with acromegaly. FIPA is a useful clinical framework to study the features of pituitary adenomas that occur in a familial setting since it encompasses all tumor phenotypes and heterogeneous/homogeneous expression among affected family members.
A Sentiment Treebank and Morphologically Enriched Recursive Deep Models for Effective Sentiment Analysis in Arabic

Accurate sentiment analysis models encode the sentiment of words and their combinations to predict the overall sentiment of a sentence. This task becomes challenging when applied to morphologically rich languages (MRL). In this article, we evaluate the use of deep learning advances, namely the Recursive Neural Tensor Networks (RNTN), for sentiment analysis in Arabic as a case study of MRLs. While Arabic may not be considered the only representative of all MRLs, the challenges faced and proposed solutions in Arabic are common to many other MRLs. We identify, illustrate, and address MRL-related challenges and show how RNTN is affected by the morphological richness and orthographic ambiguity of the Arabic language. To address the challenges with sentiment extraction from text in MRL, we propose to explore different orthographic features as well as different morphological features at multiple levels of abstraction ranging from raw words to roots. A key requirement for RNTN is the availability of a sentiment treebank; a collection of syntactic parse trees annotated for sentiment at all levels of constituency and that currently only exists in English. Therefore, our contribution also includes the creation of the first Arabic Sentiment Treebank (ArSenTB) that is morphologically and orthographically enriched. Experimental results show that, compared to the basic RNTN proposed for English, our solution achieves significant improvements up to 8% absolute at the phrase level and 10.8% absolute at the sentence level, measured by average F1 score. It also outperforms well-known classifiers including Support Vector Machines, Recursive Auto Encoders, and Long Short-Term Memory by 7.6%, 3.2%, and 1.6% absolute respectively, all models being trained with similar morphological considerations.
Is cystatin C level altered in women with polycystic ovary syndrome?

*Corresponding author: Aslı Yarcı Gursoy, MD, Assistant Professor, Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mevlana Bulvarı (Konya Yolu) No: 86–88, 06520 Balgat/Ankara, Turkey, Phone: +905326862822, Fax: +903122847786, E-mail: asliyarci@gmail.com Emre Goksan Pabuccu, Mine Kiseli and Gamze Sinem Caglar: Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey Tuba Candar and Selda Demirtaş: Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Ankara, Turkey Letter to the Editor
Therapeutic and Immunologic Effects of Zingiber officiale in Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic diseases are the most common problem in our community an d globally [1]. Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergic diseases in Iraq and probably in the world and nowadays it is increasing. It is with a chronic natural history and may appear at any age of life and subsequently converted into asthma [2] Up to now, there is no curative treatment for allergic rhinitis and most of the drugs that are used can only induce symptomatic relief and some of them have serious side effects and can cause withdrawal symptoms which lead the patients to continue treatment ending in more side effects [1]. There are marked increase in allergic diseases in developing countries as reported recently [3,4].
Acquisition of autophagic vacuoles by human erythrocytes. Physiological role of the spleen.

Using interference-contrast microscopy, erythrocyte vacuoles can be rapidly and easily distinguished. Because of the shadowing effect inherent in this optical system they appear as surface indentations. Twenty splenectomized patients with both normal and abnormal erythropoiesis had 54.3 per cent vacuolated cells as compared to 2.1 per cent in a control group of normal adults. A splenectomized patient with pure red cell aplasia, whose erythrocyte mass was maintained with fresh normal blood, had 44 per cent vacuolated cells. Electron microscopy thin sections showed numerous erythrocyte inclusions and vacuoles which were morphologically suggestive of hemoglobin degeneration. Similar inclusions were noted in all splenectomized subjects studied, and were found in greater numbers in patients with young cell populations. They were rare in normals with intact spleens. Transfusion studies show that these inclusions can be acquired by normal mature erythrocytes when circulating in an asplenic patient. Further, they are cleared from the circulation in the presence of an intact spleen without measurable loss of red cell viability. The evidence suggests that, in the absence of a spleen, autophagic vacuoles may occur in situ in all circulating red cells. It is presumed that these inclusions would normally be removed as a physiological process by a functioning spleen.
Afforestation effects on SOC in former cropland: oak and spruce chronosequences resampled after 13 years

Chronosequences are commonly used to assess soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration after land‐use change, but SOC dynamics predicted by this space‐for‐time substitution approach have rarely been validated by resampling. We conducted a combined chronosequence/resampling study in a former cropland area (Vestskoven) afforested with oak (Quercus robur) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) over the past 40 years. The aims of this study were (i) to compare present and previous chronosequence trends in forest floor and top mineral soil (0–25 cm) C stocks; (ii) to compare chronosequence estimates with current rates of C stock change based on resampling at the stand level; (iii) to estimate SOC changes in the subsoil (25–50 cm); and (iv) to assess the influence of two tree species on SOC dynamics.
Ritucharya: Answer to the lifestyle disorders

Ritu, the season, classified by different features expresses different effects on the body as well as the environment. Ayurveda has depicted various rules and regimens (Charya), regarding diet and behavior to acclimatize seasonal enforcement easily without altering body homeostasis. The prime principle of Ayurvedic system of medicine is preventive aspect, can be achieved by the change in diet and practices in response to change in climatic condition. This is a very important aspect of preventive medicine as mentioned in Ayurvedic texts. Lifestyle disorders are very common in the present era, basically originating from lack of following seasonal regimens due to lack of concentration in seasonal characteristics. A firm scientific analysis is the base, which holds true even on date. In this review article, various regimens in diet and lifestyle as mentioned in the classics of Ayurveda and their importance on lifestyle disorders has been discussed.
Nuclear translocation of TSC-22 (TGF-beta-stimulated clone-22) concomitant with apoptosis: TSC-22 as a putative transcriptional regulator.

We examined the alteration of the subcellular localization of TSC-22 (TGF-beta-stimulated clone-22) after induction of apoptosis and the transcription-regulatory activity of TSC-22. In the living cells, TSC-22-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was clearly localized to the cytoplasm, however, in the apoptotic cells, the TSC-22-GFP fusion protein was translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. TSC-22 fused to GAL4-DNA binding domain (GAL4BD) did not show the transcriptional activity on the reporter genes in yeast and in HSG (salivary gland cancer cells) and Hela. However, in CHO cells, TSC-22-GAL4BD fusion protein strongly activated the reporter gene. The transcriptional activity of the leucine zipper structure of TSC-22 is greater than that of the full-length TSC-22. These findings suggest that after receiving the apoptotic stimuli, TSC-22 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and shows the transcription-regulatory activity.