Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manifolds with weighted Poincar\'e inequality and uniqueness of minimal hypersurfaces

In this paper, we obtain results on rigidity of complete Riemannian manifolds with weighted Poincar\'e inequality. As an application, we prove that if $M$ is a complete $\frac{n-2}{n}$-stable minimal hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ with $n\geq 3$ and has bounded norm of the second fundamental form, then $M$ must either have only one end or be a catenoid.
Probing the shape and internal structure of dark matter haloes with the halo-shear–shear three-point correlation function

Weak lensing three-point statistics are powerful probes of the structure of dark matter halos. We propose to use the correlation of the positions of galaxies with the shapes of background galaxy pairs, known as the halo-shear-shear correlation (HSSC), to measure the mean halo ellipticity and the abundance of subhalos in a statistical manner. We run high-resolution cosmological $N$-body simulations and use the outputs to measure the HSSC for galaxy halos and cluster halos. Non-spherical halos cause a characteristic azimuthal variation of the HSSC, and massive subhalos in the outer region near the virial radius contribute to $\sim10\%$ of the HSSC amplitude. Using the HSSC and its covariance estimated from our $N$-body simulations, we make forecast for constraining the internal structure of dark matter halos with future galaxy surveys. With 1000 galaxy groups with mass greater than $10^{13.5}\, h^{-1}M_{\odot}$, the average halo ellipticity can be measured with an accuracy of ten percent. A spherical, smooth mass distribution can be ruled out at a $\sim5\sigma$ significance level. The existence of subhalos whose masses are in 1-10 percent of the main halo mass can be detected with $\sim10^4$ galaxies/clusters. We conclude that the HSSC provides valuable information on the structure of dark halos and hence on the nature of dark matter.
H II Regions and Protosolar Abundances in Galactic Chemical Evolution

We present chemical evolution models of the Galactic disk with different Zdependent yields. We find that a moderate mass loss rate for massive stars of solar metallicity produces an excellent fit to the observed C/H and C/O gradients of the Galactic disk. The best model also fits: the H, He, C, and O abundances derived from recombination lines of M17, the protosolar abundances, and the C/O-O/H, C/Fe-Fe/H, and O/Fe-Fe/H relations derived from solar vicinity stars. The agreement of the model with the protosolar abundances implies that the Sun originated at a Galactocentric distance similar to the one it has now. Our model for r = 3 kpc implies that a fraction of the stars in the direction of the bulge formed in the inner disc. We obtain a good agreement between our model and the C/O versus O/H relationship derived from extragalactic H ii regions in spiral galaxies.
Scalar form factor of the pion in the Kroll-Lee-Zumino field theory

The renormalizable Kroll-Lee-Zumino field theory of pions and a neutral rho-meson is used to determine the scalar form factor of the pion in the space-like region at next-to-leading order. Perturbative calculations in this framework are parameter free, as the masses and the rho-pion-pion coupling are known from experiment. Results compare favourably with lattice QCD calculations.
A century of advances in bumblebee domestication and the economic and environmental aspects of its commercialization for pollination *

This paper reviews a century of progress in techniques of bumblebee rearing, starting with those used to encourage bumblebee queens to initiate a colony in artificial domiciles and including those needed for the commercial production of large numbers of colonies for the pollination of agricultural crops. Five species of bumblebees are currently used for crop pollination, the major ones being Bombus terrestris from Eurasia and Bombus impatiens from North America. As a result of their frequent use in foreign territories, there have been reports of B. terrestris becoming established, as well as interactions and/or competition with local (bumble-) bee fauna. Of the many vegetable, fruit and seed crops that bumblebees pollinate, greenhouse tomatoes are of predominant importance. In 2004, 40 000 ha of tomato crops were pollinated, with a crop value of e 12 000 million. The growers benefit from bumblebee pollination because of lower production costs, increased yields, and improved fruit quality. The interrelationship between commercial mechanisms and ecological risks is discussed. bumblebee / pollination / commercial rearing / economic value / ecological impact
Formation of close-in super-Earths in evolving protoplanetary disks due to disk winds

Context. Planets with masses larger than about 0.1 M⊕ undergo rapid inward migration (type I migration) in a standard protoplanetary disk. Recent magnetohydrodynamical simulations revealed the presence of magnetically driven disk winds, which would alter the disk profile and the type I migration in the close-in region. Aims. We investigate orbital evolution of planetary embryos in disks that viscously evolve under the effects of disk winds. The aim is to discuss effects of altered disk profiles on type I migration. In addition, we aim to examine whether observed distributions of close-in super-Earths can be reproduced by simulations that include effects of disk winds. Methods. We perform N-body simulations of super-Earth formation from planetary embryos, in which a recent model for disk evolution is used. We explore a wide range of parameters and draw general trends. We also carry out N-body simulations of close-in super-Earth formation from embryos in such disks under various conditions. Results. We find that the type I migration is significantly suppressed in many cases. Even in cases in which inward migration occurs, the migration timescale is lengthened to 1 Myr, which mitigates the type I migration problem. This is because the gas surface density is decreased and has a flatter profile in the close-in region due to disk winds. We find that when the type I migration is significantly suppressed, planets undergo late orbital instability during the gas depletion, leading to a non-resonant configuration. We also find that observed distributions of close-in super-Earths (e.g., period ratio, mass ratio) can be reproduced. In addition, we show that in some results of simulations, systems with a chain of resonant planets, like the TRAPPIST-1 system, form.
Stable Conflict Resolution Styles and Commitment: Their Roles in Marital Relationship Self-Regulation

Stable Conflict Resolution Styles and Commitment: Their Roles in Marital Relationship Self-Regulation Rebecca S. Boyd School of Family Life, BYU Master of Science Gottman’s (1994a) three stable conflict resolution styles (CRSs), validating, volatile, and avoidant, are different on several dimensions, yet all are predictors of good marital satisfaction. Despite the CRSs equality in marital satisfaction and stability research, teaching couples a validating style is often explicitly more preferential in therapeutic settings. Relationship selfregulation (RSR), described as relationship “work”, is also a strong predictor of relationship satisfaction. Identifying the CRS environment in a relationship that most contributes to the practice of RSR can inform clinical and couple relationship education interventions. Based on its success in improving marital satisfaction in therapeutic settings, a validating CRS was hypothesized to be more closely associated with the practice of RSR by husbands and wives compared to a volatile or avoidant style. A third variable, commitment to the relationship, characterized by a desire to stay rather than an obligation to remain, also was tested as a moderator of the relationship between stable CRSs and RSR. Data from first-married men (856) and women (1406) taking the RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE) online questionnaire was used in correlational and MANCOVA analyses to test the research questions. All three stable CRSs were found to be positively related to RSR. However, the validating style was found to be the most predictive of both RSR effort and strategies compared to the other two styles. Commitment was a moderator between CRSs and RSR for only validating and avoidant CRSs for RSR strategies but not effort. Results generally support the theoretical model tested. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Multivariate granger causality between CO2 emissions, energy intensity and economic growth in Portugal: evidence from cointegration and causality analysis

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the relationship between economic growth, energy intensity and CO2 emissions by incorporating financial development in CO2 emissions function using Portuguese annual data over the period of 1971–2011. The unit root problem of variables is examined by applying Zivot-Andrews unit root test and the ARDL bounds testing approach is for long run relationship. The direction of causal relationship between the series is examined by the VECM Granger causality approach and robustness of causality analysis is tested by innovative accounting approach (IAA). Our empirical evidence confirmed that the variables are cointegrated for long run relationship. The results exposed that economic growth and energy intensity increase CO2 emissions, while financial development condenses it. The VECM Granger causality analysis showed the feedback effect between energy intensity and CO2 emissions, while economic growth and financial development Granger cause CO2 emissions. The study sugges.
Male copulation frequency, sperm competition and genital damage in the golden orb-web spider (Nephila plumipes)

Copulation inmany sexually cannibalistic spiders is associated with a loss of function of the male reproductive organs and, as a consequence, males that survive sexual cannibalism may nevertheless be unable to subsequently copulate successfully.SexualcannibalismiscommonintheAustraliangoldenorb-webspider(Nephilaplumipes),inwhichthetipof the conductor typically breaks during copulation. Thus, male mating frequency may be physiologically limited to two females, irrespective of the male's ability to avoid cannibalism or the opportunity to locate and court additional, receptive females.Laboratoryexperimentsrevealedthatthelikelihoodoftheconductorbreakingdependsuponthecopulatoryhistory of the female insemination duct: males were more likely to break their conductor if they inseminated a 'virgin' rather than 'mated' insemination duct. However, the choice of insemination duct did not influence the duration of copulation or quantity of sperm transferred. In field populations, the proportion of males with both conductors broken increased during the course of the mating season, but while males with broken conductors did not copulate successfully with virgin females, they were nevertheless observed on the webs of immature females. We suggest that male N. plumipes with broken conductors on the webs of females are most likely mate guarding, as this appears to be the most effective mechanism of securing paternity.
Numerical simulation of vortex-induced drag of elastic swimmer models

We present numerical simulations of simplified models for swimming organisms or robots, using chordwise flexible elastic plates. We focus on the tip vortices originating from three-dimensional effects due to the finite span of the plate. These effects play an important role when predicting the swimmer’s cruising velocity, since they contribute significantly to the drag force. First we simulate swimmers with rectangular plates of different aspect ratio and compare the results with a recent experimental study. Then we consider plates with expanding and contracting shapes. We find the cruising velocity of the contracting swimmer to be higher than the rectangular one, which in turn is higher than the expanding one. We provide some evidence that this result is due to the tip vortices interacting differently with the swimmer.
UCLA Recent Work Title Resources , real options , and corporate strategy

The types of investments a firm undertakes will depend in part on what it expects the outcome of those investments to reveal about its skills, capabilities, and assets (i.e., its resources). We predict that a firm will specialize when young, then experiment in a new line of business for some time, and then either expand into a large, multisegment business or focus and scale up its specialized business. We derive several empirical implications for firm valuations and the reaction of stock prices to news about firm prospects. We also offer a novel explanation for the well-documented ‘‘diversification’’ discount.r 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. JEL classification: D83; G30; G31
Problems with Diabetes and Awareness to Its Control: Experience from Diabetes Patients of Rajshahi City Corporation in Bangladesh

This study is meant to contribute to understanding problems with diabetes and patients awareness to control it of Bangladesh by examining the situation prevailing in one particular area Rajshahi. The data were collected three diabetic centers of Rajshahi City Corporation from 300 diabetic patients by interview methods. Findings reveal that largest percentages of patients are within the age range 35 to 55. About 22.7 percents patients are sufferings from type I diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes and 77.3 percents are suffering from type II diabetes or non insulin-dependent diabetes also it was found that majority of the respondents are overweighed within the BMI index. The findings reveal that patients aged 55 and over are suffering less from type-II diabetes than who is young and middle aged. Male respondents are suffering more from type-I diabetics on the other hand female respondents are more from type-II. Patients reported to have family history of diabetic are sufferings more from type I diabetes. With regard to BMI index it is observed that respondents who are within the normal range are suffering more form type-II diabetics and respondents who are within the overweigh range are suffering more form type-I diabetics. It was also observe from that patients who suffering from type-II diabetic reported more about kidney diseases and hypertension that they currently suffer. The path analysis indicates that family history of patients and suffering from what kind of problem of a diabetic's patient faced have significant direct negative influence on type of diabetics.
Partial and full dehydration impact on germination of 4 warm-season grasses

Precipitation patterns in the arid southwest U.S. can be highly variable during the summer monsoon season. The ability of germinating seeds to withstand temporary periods of dehydration may determine their potential for successful regeneration under present and future climatic regimes. Germination with short-term hydration and dehydration sequences was compared to constant water potential germination for sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michaux) Torrey], buffelgrass [Cenchrus ciliaris L. ], Lehmann lovegrass [Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees], and kleingrass [Panicum coloratum L. ]. Seeds were imbibed at -0. MPa for 1 to 4 days, then either air dried or partially dehydrated d -3.0 MPa for 1 to 4 days before being returned to the initial imbibition solution for a total 14-day incubation-dehydration period. One day of imbibition at -0.2 MPa advanced germination to a stage that resulted in significant reductions (P 48% of the viable seeds to germinate after dehydration. Longer imbibition times also exhibited significant reductions in germination for buffelgrass and kleingrass. For kleingrass air-dried dehydration compared to -3.0 MPa produced significant reductions (P 1-day imbibition followed by dehydration seemed the critical time upon which a dramatic reduction in germination occurs.
Socio-cultural heritage and financial decisions: An empirical study

This research proposes to introduce the sociology of culture to explain variations in national corporate capital structures. With the difference in standard finance theories that suggest that financing decisions should be determined only by rational considerations, this research adopts the impact of cultural values on national corporate debt ratio. Based on a sample of 14.594 firms belonging to three geographical areas (Latin America, Europe and East Asia and Pacific), this cross-sectional study suggests that national culture affects corporate capital structures. In particular, cultural values such as individualism and collectivism variables play a determining part to define the perimeters of financing the companies. The findings lead us to think of the need for supplementing the disciplinary vision of the debt to get to a richer representation (cognitive) for the explanation of the financial behavior of the firm .
Temporal Dynamics of Rich Moth Ensembles in the Montane Forest Zone in Southern Ecuador 1

We studied temporal dynamics of diverse moth ensembles (Arctiidae and Geometridae) in early and late succession stages of forest recovery in the montane zone of southern Ecuador. Moths were sampled using weak light sources (2 × 15 W tubes per trap) during three sampling periods (March–April 2002, wet season; October–November 2002, and August–October 2003, both “dry” seasons). Arctiid moth abundance hardly varied between sampling periods. Estimates of local diversity were lower in 2002 (wet and dry season) than in the dry season 2003, and ensemble composition was more strongly affected by sampling period rather than habitat differences. Geometridae ensembles revealed stronger temporal patterns. Geometrid abundance increased about twofold from the wet to the dry season, and temporal effects on species composition were far more pronounced that in arctiids. These differences might hint to variation in the dependence of geometrid versus arctiid larvae on ephemeral plant resources. Despite these significant temporal dynamics, in both families only a few of the more common species analyzed individually showed strong temporal changes in abundance. Almost all common species occurred as adults during all sampling periods. Therefore, even though temporal dynamics of moth ensembles are not negligible, both moth families are suitable “indicators” of community diversity and change along the succession gradient. Samples must be large enough, however, and preferably should be collated over various times of the year and in parallel, to allow for valid statements about moth diversity and species compositions in relation to habitat differences. These recommendations undermine the validity of the concept of “rapid biodiversity inventories” for speciose tropical insect communities.
Does Book Values and Earnings Affect Equity Values of Corporate Entities in Nigeria?

Purpose of the article: In this study, we appraised the effect which book values and earnings would have on equity values of quoted corporate entities in Nigeria. In view of this, we obtained secondary data from the published reports of 105 firms selected for this study. The study period was 10 years (2005–2014). Methodology/methods: The regression technique was employed to scrutinize the data sourced from sampled entities’ annual accounts. Additionally, the Breusch-Pagan/ Cook-Weisberg Test was employed along with the VIF Test to verify whether the sourced data were normally distributed or whether there was the presence or otherwise of multicollinearity amid the explanatory (independent) variables. Scientific aim: This study aims to empirically establish with available statistics, the extent in which variations in equity values of quoted corporate entities in Nigeria could be accounted for by changes in book values and earnings. Findings: Results from our analysis revealed inter alia, that book value per share and earnings jointly had significant and positive effect on equity values of Nigerian quoted firms. Conclusion: Since earnings was significant in attempting to ascertain equity values of Nigerian firms, it was thus recommend that regulatory bodies like the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria among others should develop enforceable strategies and sanctions that would discourage and eliminate all forms of earnings manipulation that may distort the information reported in the financial statements of quoted corporate entities in Nigeria.
TITAN2F: a pseudo-3-D model of 2-phase debris flows

Abstract. Debris flows, avalanches, landslides, and other geophysical mass flows can contain O(106–1010) m3 or more of material. These flows commonly consist of mixture of soil and rocks with a significant quantity of interstitial fluid. They can be tens of meters deep, and their runouts can extend many kilometers. The complicated rheology of such a mixture challenges every constitutive model that can reasonably be applied; the range of length and timescales involved in such mass flows challenges the computational capabilities of existing systems.This paper extends recent efforts to develop a depth averaged "thin layer" model for geophysical mass flows that contain a mixture of solid material and fluid. Concepts from the engineering community are integrated with phenomenological findings in geo-science, resulting in a theory that accounts for the principal solid and fluid forces as well as interactions between the phases, across a wide range of solid volume fraction. A principal contribution here is to present drag and phase interaction terms that comport with the literature in geo-sciences. The program predicts the evolution of the concentration and dynamic pressure. The theory is validated with with data from one dimensional dam break solutions and it is verified with data from artificial channel experiments.
Anecdotal information on dolphin-fisheries interactions based on empirical knowledge of fishers in the northeastern Mediterranean Sea

Anecdotal information provided by local fishers is an invaluable tool in the study of marine mammal−fisheries interactions. This paper summarizes empirical and anecdotal information voluntarily provided by fishers during a survey monitoring the damage to coastal fisheries caused by dolphins. We visited 23 fishing harbours along the northern Aegean Sea coastline and monitored the fishing gear of 113 coastal fishers in order to identify the damage caused by dolphins. While we were monitoring the damage, the fishers voluntarily shared their general views on marine mammals and fisheries interactions, which were recorded and are presented here. The majority of fishers indicated that fishing gear, mesh size, depth and target species were important factors that determine depredation frequency and gear damage, whereas soaking time, time of day and season were not considered crucial. These findings provide useful insight in the study of dolphin−fishery interactions, especially for data-poor areas such as the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. The empirical knowledge of the fishers and their views is also important from an ethical perspective because, historically, dolphins in the Mediterranean had been culled and hunted for bounties for many years; even today, occasional deliberate dolphin killings are still recorded. Such information is required in the design of any management strategy that aims to minimize the conflicts with dolphins, thus preserving the fishers’ livelihood.