Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classical simulation versus universality in measurement-based quantum computation

We investigate for which resource states an efficient classical simulation of measurement-based quantum computation is possible. We show that the Schmidt-rank width, a measure recently introduced to assess universality of resource states, plays a crucial role in also this context. We relate Schmidt-rank width to the optimal description of states in terms of tree tensor networks and show that an efficient classical simulation of measurement-based quantum computation is possible for all states with logarithmically bounded Schmidt-rank width (with respect to the system size). For graph states where the Schmidt-rank width scales in this way, we efficiently construct the optimal tree tensor network descriptions, and provide several examples. We highlight parallels in the efficient description of complex systems in quantum information theory and graph theory.
Gating, permselectivity and pH‐dependent modulation of channels formed by connexin57, a major connexin of horizontal cells in the mouse retina

Mouse connexin57 (Cx57) is expressed most abundantly in horizontal cells of the retina, and forms gap junction (GJ) channels, which constitute a structural basis for electrical and metabolic intercellular communication, and unapposed hemichannels (UHCs) that are involved in an exchange of ions and metabolites between the cytoplasm and extracellular milieu. By combining fluorescence imaging and dual whole‐cell voltage clamp methods, we showed that HeLa cells expressing Cx57 and C‐terminally fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (Cx57‐EGFP) form junctional plaques (JPs) and that only cell pairs exhibiting at least one JP demonstrate cell‐to‐cell electrical coupling and transfer of negatively and positively charged dyes with molecular mass up to ∼400 Da. The permeability of the single Cx57 GJ channel to Alexa fluor‐350 is ∼90‐fold smaller than the permeability of Cx43, while its single channel conductance (57 pS) is only 2‐fold smaller than Cx43 (110 pS). Gating of Cx57‐EGFP/Cx45 heterotypic GJ channels reveal that Cx57 exhibit a negative gating polarity, i.e. channels tend to close at negativity on the cytoplasmic side of Cx57. Alkalization of pHi from 7.2 to 7.8 increased gap junctional conductance (gj) of ∼100‐fold with pKa= 7.41. We show that this gj increase was caused by an increase of both the open channel probability and the number of functional channels. Function of Cx57 UHCs was evaluated based on the uptake of fluorescent dyes. We found that under control conditions, Cx57 UHCs are closed and open at [Ca2+]o=∼0.3 mm or below, demonstrating that a moderate reduction of [Ca2+]o can facilitate the opening of Cx57 UHCs. This was potentiated with intracellular alkalization. In summary, our data show that the open channel probability of Cx57 GJs can be modulated by pHi with very high efficiency in the physiologically relevant range and may explain pH‐dependent regulation of cell–cell coupling in horizontal cell in the retina.
Clinical Imaging Factors Associated With Infarct Progression in Patients With Ischemic Stroke During Transfer for Mechanical Thrombectomy

Importance When transferred from a referring hospital (RH) to a thrombectomy-capable stroke center (TCSC), patients with initially favorable imaging profiles (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score [ASPECTS] ≥6) often demonstrate infarct progression significant enough to make them ineligible for mechanical thrombectomy at arrival. In rapidly evolving stroke care networks, the question of the need for vascular imaging at the RHs remains unsolved, resulting in an important amount of futile transfers for thrombectomy. Objective To examine the clinical imaging factors associated with unfavorable imaging profile evolution for thrombectomy in patients with ischemic stroke initially transferred to non-TCSCs. Design, Setting, and Participants Data from patients transferred from 1 of 30 RHs in our regional stroke network and presenting at our TCSC from January 1, 2010, to January 1, 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke initially admitted to a non–thrombectomy-capable RH and transferred to our center for which a RH computed tomography (CT) and a CT angiography (CTA) at arrival were available for review. Main Outcomes and Measures ASPECTS were evaluated. The adequacy of leptomeningeal collateral blood flow was rated as no or poor, decreased, adequate, or augmented per the adapted Maas scale. The main outcome was an ASPECTS decay, defined as an initial ASPECTS of 6 or higher worsening between RH and TCSC CTs to a score of less than 6 (making the patient less likely to derive clinical benefit from thrombectomy at arrival). Results A total of 316 patients were included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 70.3 [14.2] years; 137 [43.4%] female). In multivariable models, higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Score, lower baseline ASPECTSs, and no or poor collateral blood vessel status were associated with ASPECTS decay, with collateral blood vessel status demonstrating the highest adjusted odds ratio of 5.14 (95% CI, 2.20-12.70; P < .001). Similar results were found after stratification by vessel occlusion level. Conclusions and Relevance In patients with ischemic stroke transferred for thrombectomy, poor collateral blood flow and stroke clinical severity are the main determinants of ASPECTS decay. Our findings suggest that in certain subgroups vascular imaging, including collateral assessment, can play a crucial role in determining the benefits of transfer for thrombectomy.
Finite groups in which normality, permutability or Sylow permutability is transitive

Abstract Y. Li gave a characterization of the class of finite soluble groups in which every subnormal subgroup is normal by means of NE-subgroups: a subgroup H of a group G is called an NE-subgroup of G if NG(H) ∩ HG = H. We obtain a new characterization of these groups related to the local Wielandt subgroup. We also give characterizations of the classes of finite soluble groups in which every subnormal subgroup is permutable or Sylow permutable in terms of NE-subgroups.
Flexible Work Systems and the Structure of Wages: Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data

A growing theoretical and empirical literature is concerned with the effects of flexible workplace systems or High Performance Work Organizations (HPWOs) on wages. Existing theoretical literature suggests that these forms of organization should lead to higher inequality across firms, increased segregation of labor markets and decreased within-firm inequality. This paper makes use of a new employer-employee-linked data set for Germany to examine the labor market effects of flexible workplace systems. Our results suggest that HPWOs increase both across and within firm inequality. We do not find evidence, however, that HPWOs affect their employment structure.
Spiral defects in motility assays: A measure of motor protein force.

In a commonly used motility assay, cytoskeletal filaments are observed as they glide over a surface coated with motor proteins. Defects in the motion frequently interrupt the flow of filaments. Examination of one such defect, in which a filament adopts a spiral form and rotates about a fixed point, provides a simple measure of the force exerted by the motor proteins. We demonstrate the universality of this approach by estimating the elementary forces of both myosin and kinesin.
Deletion of the activating NKG2C receptor and a functional polymorphism in its ligand HLA‐E in psoriasis susceptibility

Psoriasis is an inflammatory, immune‐mediated disease of the skin. Several studies have suggested that natural killer (NK) cells and their receptors may be important for its pathogenesis. Here, we examined whether deletion of the activating natural killer receptor gene NKG2C, which has a frequency of 20% in the European population, was associated with psoriasis susceptibility. The NKG2C deletion and a functional polymorphism in its ligand HLA‐E were genotyped in a Caucasian cohort of 611 psoriasis cases and 493 controls. We found that the NKG2C deletion was significantly increased in cases compared with controls [0.258 vs 0.200, P = 0.0012, OR = 1.43 (1.15–1.79)]. The low‐expressing HLA‐E*01:01 allele was associated with psoriasis (P = 0.0018), although this association was dependent on HLA‐C. Our findings support a potential immunoregulatory role for NK cells in psoriasis and suggest the importance of future studies to investigate the contribution of NK cells and their regulatory receptors to the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Kaitan antara Rasio Price/Book Value dan Imbal Hasil Saham pada Bursa Efek Jakarta

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan (1) seberapa jauh rasio harga saham-nilai buku ( Price-Book Value Ratio atau rasio PBV) berkaitan dengan imbal hasil ( return ) saham, dan (2) seberapa jauh rasio PBV berkaitan dengan faktor-faktor fundamental perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio PBV dapat digunakan untuk menentukan strategi investasi karena dengan menggunakan rasio PBV investor dapat memperkirakan saham-saham yang mengalami undervalued dan overvalued , dan memperoleh imbal hasil yang signifikan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa dari empat faktor fundamental yang dianalisis (profitabilitas ( Return on Equity atau ROE), prospek pertumbuhan, tingkat resiko, dan kebijakan dividen), ternyata hanya ROE yang secara konsisten dan signifikan mempunyai hubungan yang positif dengan rasio PBV. Terakhir, penelitian ini menemukan terdapatnya hubungan yang negatif antara rasio PBV dengan imbal hasil saham, konsisten dengan temuan penelitian lainnya yang dilakukan di berbagai negara.
Anticipation, Acquisitions and Bidder Returns

This paper develops and tests the anticipation hypothesis as applied to a bidding firm’s returns and the returns of its rivals. Our results provide strong support for anticipation and the transfer of subsequent bidding information throughout a bidder’s industry. First, the abnormal returns of bidding firms are significantly related to the degree of surprise surrounding a bid announcement. Second, at the time of an initial industry bid announcement, rival firms that will also become bidders in the near future experience significant and differential price adjustments in comparison to rivals who will not bid. Third, these price adjustments are significantly and positively related to the abnormal returns earned by the initial industry bidder. Our results hold after controlling for variables typically associated with acquiring firm returns. Less anticipated bidding activity is, on average, a wealth creating activity. Moreover, the magnitude of the anticipation effect is large enough to alter some well known results. For example, the literature documents that bidders in stock acquisitions earn significantly negative returns. The same result is found in the literature for bidders seeking publicly traded targets. We find that bidders in less anticipated acquisitions earn significantly positive abnormal returns in stock acquisitions and insignificant returns in acquisitions of public targets. Thus, the magnitude of the anticipation effect is larger than that associated with either form of payment or organizational form of the target.
Theoretical Failure of IAS 41

The purpose of this study is to analyze the theoretical aspects of IAS 41: Agriculture. Based on the results of several other empirical studies, it turns out that the adoption impact of IAS 41 is not as good as expected. In addition, rejection on IAS 41 are appear as it causes volatility of income and misleading on taxation-related decisions. Also, other research states that IAS 41 has failed in achieving its objectives, which is to increase financial statement comparability in agricultural sector. These findings lead to a variety of questions, whether the principle of arrangement in IAS 41: Agriculture is theoretically correct?
A Novel Planar Diplexer Using Slotline-Loaded Microstrip Ring Resonator

A compact diplexer based on the slotline-loaded microstrip ring resonator is presented in this letter. The diplexer consists of a microstrip ring resonator loaded with four backside slotlines and a couple of half-wavelength microstrip resonators. On the one hand, two degenerate modes are orthogonally excited in the common ring resonator and they are used to achieve the high isolation between two output ports as demanded. On the other hand, these two excited orthogonal modes work together with their respective half-wavelength resonators to form up the two separate passbands with respect to the two output ports. In addition to its capability in adjustment of passband responses, the proposed diplexer does not need any external matching circuit so as to miniaturize the overall circuit size. The predicted frequency responses are well verified by testing a fabricated diplexer.
Pediatric optic neuritis

Background: Optic neuritis is often the initial presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS). As established by the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial, an abnormal baseline brain MRI is a strong predictor of MS after isolated optic neuritis in adults. However, the rate of conversion to MS after optic neuritis in children based upon brain MRI findings is unknown. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of children (<18 years) presenting with optic neuritis between 1993 and 2004 at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Children with a history of demyelinating disease or prior optic neuritis were excluded. Symptoms, ophthalmologic findings, MRI findings, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Results: We identified 29 consecutive children with idiopathic optic neuritis. Eleven patients (38%) had white matter T2/FLAIR lesions in the brain (not including the optic nerves). Eighteen patients were followed for more than 24 months, and 3 of the 18 (17%) developed MS. All 3 patients had an abnormal brain MRI scan at their initial presentation of optic neuritis. None of the patients with a normal brain MRI scan at presentation developed MS over an average follow-up of 88.5 months. Patients with one or more white matter lesions on MRI were more likely to develop MS (3/7 vs 0/11, p = 0.04, Fisher exact test). Conclusions: Children with brain MRI abnormalities at the time of the diagnosis of optic neuritis have an increased risk of multiple sclerosis. Larger collaborative studies are needed to further define the prognosis for childhood optic neuritis. CHOP = Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; FLAIR = fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; MS = multiple sclerosis; NMO = neuromyelitis optica; ONTT = Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial.
Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: what have we learned in the last 4 years?

In the last 4 years many studies have been published on the topic of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). This is a recent review of the available literature of the last 3 years. A systematic Medline/PubMed search on UTUC including limits for clinical trials and randomized, controlled trials was performed for English-language articles using the keywords ‘upper urinary tract carcinoma’, ‘nephroureterectomy’, ‘laparoscopic’, ‘ureteroscopy’, ‘percutaneous’, ‘renal pelvis’, ‘ureter’ and their combinations from January 2008 to December 2010. Additional selected reports from 2007 were included. Case reports and non-English literature were excluded. Publications were mostly retrospective, including some large, multicentre studies from the Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Collaboration (UTUCC). The authors of this article are members of the UTUCC. Altogether, 92 original articles dealing with UTUC were identified and summarized. The vast majority of the available literature has a low level of evidence (level IV), although many multicentre studies tried to overcome the problem of low numbers by pooling data. It was concluded that in the last 3 years our knowledge regarding UTUC has increased dramatically, although new study concepts allowing us to increase the level of evidence are needed.
Formal and informal regulations: enforcement and compliance

This paper analyzes the effects of the interaction between technology adoption and incomplete enforcement on the extent of violations and the rate of abatement technology adoption. We focus on price-based and quantity-based emission regulations. First, we show that in contrast to uniform taxes, under tradable emissions permits (TEPs), the fall in permit price produced by technology adoption reduces the benefits of violating the environmental regulation at the margin and leads firms to modify their compliance behavior. Moreover, when TEPs are used, the deterrent effect of the monitoring effort is reinforced by the effect that technology adoption has on the extent of violations. Second, we show that the regulator may speed up the diffusion of new technologies by increasing the stringency of the enforcement strategy in the case of TEPs while in the case of uniform taxes, the rate of adoption does not depend on the enforcement parameters.
Spectroscopic studies of the unfolding of a multimeric protein α‐crystallin

α‐Crystallin is a multimeric eye lens protein having molecular chaperone‐like function which is crucial for lens transparency. The stability and unfolding‐refolding properties of α‐crystallin plays important roles for its function. We undertook a multi probe based fluorescence spectroscopic approach to explore the changes in the various levels of organization of this protein at different urea concentration. Steady state fluorescence studies reveal that at 0.6M urea a compact structural intermediate is formed which has a native‐like secondary structure with enhanced surface exposure of hydrophobic groups. At 2.8M urea the tertiary interactions are largely collapsed with partial collapse of secondary and quaternary structure. The surface solvation probed by picosecond time resolved fluorescence of acrylodan labeled α‐crystallin revealed dry native‐like core of α‐crystallin at 0.6M urea compared to enhanced water penetration at 2.8M urea and extensive solvation at 6M urea. Activation energy for the subunit exchange decreased by 22 kJ mol−1 on changing urea concentration from 0 to 0.6M compared with over 75 kJ mol−1 on changing urea concentration from 0 to 2.8M. Light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation techniques were used to determine size and oligomerization of the unfolding intermediates. The data indicated swelling but no oligomer breakdown at 0.6M urea. At 2.8M urea the oligomeric size is considerably reduced and a monomer is produced at 6M urea. The data clearly reveals that structural breakdown of α‐crystallin does not follow hierarchical sequence as tertiary structure dissolution takes place before complete oligomeric dissociation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 549–560, 2014.
Does Diversity in Executive Boards Make a Difference? Nationality Diversity and Firm Performance in German, Dutch and British Multinational Enterprises

Previous studies addressing the influence of nationality diversity within the executive board on firm performance led to inconclusive results. In this study, nationality diversity and within board cultural distance are expected to affect MNE performance. Therefore, the following research question is addressed: ‘Does nationality diversity in the executive board influence the performance of a MNE? ’ To answer the research question, a dataset of 277 listed MNEs from Germany, the UK and the Netherlands has been used. Research findings did not show convincing support for the main research question, although a relation has been found between nationality diversity and stock market performance within the years 2009-2010. This study has three theoretical implications. For the first time, cultural distance has been related to nationality diversity research and both have been researched within the executive board of MNEs with regard to performance. Second, this study is one of the first studies that has conducted cultural distance on group/organizational level. Third, differences of nationality diversity within the executive boards between Germany, UK and the Netherlands are discussed and tested. Lastly, this study has three implications for practice, applicable for the composition of the executive board of MNEs from Germany, the UK and the Netherlands. First, the findings show that more foreigners within the executive board would lead to higher stock market performance. Second, more executives originating from different countries would lead to a lower stock market performance. Finally, stock market performance is optimal when the average within board cultural distance is low. Results imply that combining these three factors would increase stock market performance.
Interaction of Rac1 with GTPase-activating Proteins and Putative Effectors

The intrinsic GTPase activity of the Rho family GTP-binding protein Rac1 is drastically stimulated upon interaction with its GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and is significantly inhibited when coupled to certain effector targets such as the p21-activated kinases (PAKs) and IQGAPs. Here we have characterized the interaction of Rac1 with a panel of mammalian GAPs and putative effectors by measuring the kinetic and binding parameters involved and made comparisons with similar interactions for Cdc42 and RhoA. In contrast with Cdc42 (for which the GAP domain of p50RhoGAP is 50-fold more efficient than those of p190, Bcr, and 3BP-1) and with RhoA (toward which only p50RhoGAP and p190 displayed high efficiencies), the catalytic efficiencies (K cat/K m ) of the GAP domains of p50RhoGAP, p190, Bcr, and 3BP-1 on Rac1 are found to be comparable in a range between 0.9 and 2.6 min−1μm −1. However, similar to the cases of Cdc42 and RhoA, the K m values of the GAP domains on Rac1 compare well to the binding affinity to the guanylyl imidodiphosphate-bound Rac1, which ranges from 10.5 to 40.5 μm, suggesting a rapid equilibrium reaction mechanism. The dissociation constants of the p21-binding domains of PAK1, PAK2, and the RasGAP-related domain of IQGAP1, which all cause significant reduction of the intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis upon binding to Rac1-GTP, are found to be 0.71, 0.26, and 2.13 μm for Rac1-GTP, compared with that determined for Cdc42-GTP at 2.9, 20.5, and 0.39 μm, respectively, under similar conditions. These results suggest that p50RhoGAP, p190, Bcr, and 3BP-1 are all capable of acting as a negative regulator for Rac1-mediated signaling, and that, although PAK1 and IQGAP1 can couple tightly with both Rac1 and Cdc42, PAK2 is likely to be a specific effector for Rac1 instead of Cdc42.
Combating Complications following Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting in a New Centre

Background: Over the years, different approaches to the treatment of hydrocephalus have evolved across all age groups; however, ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) remains the most widely used procedure, albeit with many complications. Aims: The aim of our study is to prospectively look at the incidence of complications following VPS in our centre, and to suggest ways of minimizing these complications. Patients and Methods: Between April 2006 and March 2008, all patients who had VPS in our centre were recruited for the study using a structured protocol from the time of admission to the time of discharge; data were augmented with case notes along with clinic and theatre records. Our centre is located in south-east Nigeria, and we commenced neurosurgical services in April 2006. Results: Within this 2-year period, 49 patients were definitively diagnosed with hydrocephalus and 32 underwent VPS, following which 9 (28%) had various complications – with shunt infection being the most common (n = 3; 9.3%). Conclusion: VPS is the definitive treatment modality for hydrocephalus in our centre, and shunt infection (as reported by several other authors) is the most common complication we encounter. Adopting a strict protocol for the prevention of perioperative contamination, as well as educating caregivers, is advocated to reduce this complication in any new neurosurgical centre.