Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of Chest Trauma in Bangladesh Perspective: Experience of a Decade

Background: Thoracic trauma is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In this study, we present our 10-year experience in the management and clinical outcome of 437 chest trauma cases as a result of blunt and penetrating injuries in two medical college hospitals of Bangladesh. Methods: We reviewed 437 cases of chest trauma between January 2006 and December 2015.The mean age of our patients was 33 ± 15 years mostly males with blunt injuries. Patients were evaluated and compared according to age, sex, etiology of trauma, thoracic and extra-thoracic injuries, complications, and mortality. Results: The leading cause of the trauma was road traffic accident (61%) followed by violence (23%). Hemothorax (62%), Pneumothorax (51%), rib fractures (38%), and lung contusion (35%) were the most common types of injury. Associated injuries were documented in 35% of patients (extremities 18%, abdomen 12%, head 5%). Minority of the patients required thoracotomy (6%), and tube thoracostomy (56%) was sufficient to manage the majority of cases. Mean hospital stay was 5.5 ± 4.8 days. The overall mortality rate was 3.6%. Conclusion: Road traffic accident was the most common cause of chest trauma rather than violence in this series, this necessitates epidemiologic or multi-institutional studies to know what are the causes of RTA contributes to chest trauma in Bangladesh. The number of fractured ribs can be used as simple indicator of the severity of trauma. Cardiovasc. j. 2019; 12(1): 3-8
Influence of Teachers Characteristics on Academic Performance of Students in Secondary Agriculture, in Rachuonyo North Sub County, Kenya

Peter oyierogweno. This study aimed at finding out the influence of teachers’ characteristics on students’ academic performance in agriculture. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of teachers’ characteristics (training, experience, and teaching method) on the students’ academic performance in agriculture. The purpose of this study was to determine how teachers’ characteristics influence students’ performance in agriculture. Co-relational design was adopted for the study and stratified sampling was used to select schools for the study. The target population was 38 agriculture teachers. The sample size was 30 agriculture teachers who were involved in the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire, for agriculture teachers, as respondents. The instrument was pilot tested to ascertain its reliability and the reliability coefficient was 0.72. Experts ascertained the instruments validity before being used for data collection. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, means, as well as, standard deviation, while inferential statistics included Spearman’s Rho and simple regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses, with levels of significance set at 0.05. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was used for data analysis. The results of the study found that teachers’ experience had a tvalue of 3.172 which was greater than 1.96 with a significance of 0.04, which was statistically significant. The researcher concluded that teachers experience had a statistically significant influence on students’ performance in agriculture. Demonstration and field trips methods were found to be effective teaching methods which agriculture teachers should be encouraged to use and should be implemented in all teacher education programmes in Kenya. Copy Right, IJAR, 2016,. All rights reserved.
Construction of Spectral Discoloration Model for Red Lead Pigment by Aging Test and Simulating Degradation Experiment

The construction of spectral discoloration model, based on aging test and simulating degradation experiment, was proposed to detect the aging degree of red lead pigment in ancient murals and to reproduce the spectral data supporting digital restoration of the ancient murals. The degradation process of red lead pigment under the aging test conditions was revealed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and spectrophotometer. The simulating degradation experiment was carried out by proportionally mixing red lead and lead dioxide with referring to the results of aging test. The experimental result indicated that the pure red lead was gradually turned into black lead dioxide, and the amount of tiny particles of the aging sample increased faced with aging process. Both the chroma and lightness of red lead pigment decreased with discoloration, and its hue essentially remains unchanged. In addition, the spectral reflectance curves of the aging samples almost started rising at about 550 nm with the inflection moving slightly from about 570 nm to 550 nm. The spectral reflectance of samples in long- and in short-wavelength regions was fitted well with the logarithmic and linear function. The spectral discoloration model was established, and the real aging red lead pigment in Dunhuang murals was measured and verified the effectiveness of the model.
Retrospective Study Of Periodontal Patients Profile In A Teaching Institution

The purpose of the present study was to determine the periodontal profile, toothbrushing habits and oral hygiene status of patients referred to a teaching institution for periodontal treatment, based on patients' treatment records. A total of 207 consecutive patients diagnosed with periodontitis who had been interviewed and clinically examined over a period of approximately one year were included in this study. The assessments of plaque levels, bleeding on probing (BOP) scores, probing pocket depth (PPD) and degree of bone loss from radiographs were made. The average age of this study group was 45 ± 12.8 years old with an age range of 20 to 76 years. The subjects comprised of 40% Malays, 34% Chinese and 26% Indians. The male to female ratio was almost 1.5: 1. These patients presented with high plaque and BOP scores. These findings do not concur with the high frequency of toothbrushing reported (86.5 % of subjects brushing twice or more times per day). This may reflect on the ineffectiveness of brushing as evident from their high plaque scores. Periodontal pockets were detected in 69 % of the teeth in these patients with an average of 17 teeth per patient being involved. Probing pocket depths of >6mm was found on the average in 3 teeth per patient. Alveolar bone loss as assessed from radiographs was detected in 52 % of the teeth in this study group of which 12 teeth per patient on the average exhibited this. Advanced bone loss involving about 2/3 and more of the root length was detected on the average on 1 tooth per patient. Early onset periodontitis accounted for about 5% of the total cases seen. About 21 % of subjects suffered from advanced adult periodontitis. Hence about a-quarter of the patients referred already had marked periodontal destruction.
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ON THE GROWTH OF TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY—AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH BASED ON CHINA’S PROVINCIAL PANEL DATA

Previous researches tended to ignore the influence of environmental regulation on technical efficiency, and in this sense, the total factor productivity is easy to be overestimated. This paper establishes the translog stochastic frontier production function model, includes environmental regulation into technical inefficiency equation, calculates the total factor productivity and its composition in China (including eastern, central and western regions) from 1995 to 2015, and also makes an analytical comparison with the value not considering environmental regulation. The results show that: (1) the investment on industrial pollution control and SO2 emission intensity will significantly promote technology inefficiency, thus exerting a negative impact on economic growth; (2) environmental regulation slows down the growth rate of total factor productivity in China and all of its regions; (3) Considering the environmental regulation, technical efficiency is improved significantly and becomes the major drive behind the grow of total factor productivity, while technological progress, scale efficiency and the allocation efficiency show setback; (4) In terms of different regions, the growth rate of total factor productivity is the fastest in the east of China, and the slowest in the central region. Drives behind the growth of total factor productivity in each region are distinct.
Utilization of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test (CAT) in Patients with COPD in Low Resource Countries

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disorder commonly assessed by spirometry and health related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaires. COPD assessment test (CAT) is a new questionnaire used for HRQoL evaluation especially in a clinic setting. Aims: To assess HRQoL using the CAT, and to determine the relationship of CAT to other measures of COPD such as pulmonary function test (PFT), dyspnea and six minutes walking distance test (6MDWT) among patients with COPD in Nigeria. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Sixty stable patients with a clinical and spirometric diagnosis of COPD according to the GOLD criteria were recruited into the study. Spirometry was performed according to ATS/ERS guidelines. Health status, dyspnea and functional capacity of the patients were assessed using the CAT questionnaire, modified medical research council (MMRC) dyspnea scale and six-minute walking distance (6MDWT) respectively. Results: The mean age was 68.8 years ± 10.3. Sixty percent of the study participants were male. The mean BMI was 21.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2, 37(61.7%) of the patients were ex-smokers, 3.3% were current smokers and 35% were never smokers. In terms of frequency of exacerbations 18.3% had ≤ 1 per year and 5.0% had ≥ 2 per year. The CAT was strongly associated with 6MWDT (r = 0.85P < 0.001), FEV1% predicted (r= 0.67, P< 0.001) and with MMRC (r=0.64, p<0.01). Conclusions: CAT scores correlated well with percent FEV1, dyspnea and exercise tolerance which measures various aspect of COPD. It may serve as an easy to administer sensitive tool in assessing stable COPD in outpatient clinics especially in low resource countries.
Histological changes and biochemical parameters in the hepatopancreas of terrestrial gastropod Helix aspersa as biomarkers of neonicotinoid insecticide exposure

In this study, adult snails, Helix aspersa were used to estimate the effect of aneonicotinoid insecticide (thiametoxam) on biochemical parameters and histological changes in the hepatopancreas of this gastropod after a treatment of six weeks. During this period, snails were exposed by ingestion and contact to fresh lettuce leaves which were soaked with an insecticide solution. The thiametoxam test solutions were 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L. The results of the biochemical dosages (total carbohydrates, total proteins and total lipids) showed significant decreases at two concentrations (100 and 200 mg/L) of thiametoxam. However, the histological examination of the hepatopancreas of the treated snails showed alterations as a response to all the treatments, and revealed the degeneration of the digestive tubules and the breakdown of the basement membrane in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a severe deterioration of the tissues in the concentration of 200 mg/L thiametoxam. The dosage of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins supported by the study of histological changes on the hepatopancreas of H. aspersa can be considered as potential biomarkers of exposure to thiametoxam. Key words: Insecticide, Helix aspersa, thiametoxam, hepatopancreas, biochemical study, histological study
The Location of ICT activities in EU regions: implications for regional policies

La localizacion de las industrias productoras de las TIC importa para la competitividad global y el potencial de crecimiento de largo plazo. Por ejemplo, la contribucion diferencial de las TIC al crecimiento economico entre los EE.UU. y la UE se menciona a menudo como una de la causas principales que explica la divergencia en el funcionamiento del crecimiento de estas dos areas desde mediados de los 90. Asu vez, desde mediados de los 90, los paises con especial dinamica en el crecimiento economico han tendido a ser sumamente especializados en industrias productoras y usuarias de TIC, vease Van Ark e Inkaar (2005). Mas generalmente, los sectores productores de las TIC, tienden a promover el cambio tecnologico y la capacidad innovadora que se consideran ser la base del crecimiento economico y de la competitividad. Cuando se considera la economia de la UE, las industrias TIC aparecen concentradas en un numero limitado de regiones, vease Koski et al., (2002) para la evidencia empirica. Un primer objetivo del documento es documentar la localizacion de las industrias productoras de las TIC en regiones europeas para analizar los cluster existentes de la UE asi como los cambios recientes en estas industrias usando datos actualizados de empleo y localizacion de la empresa, especialmente con relacion a la ampliacion de la UE en mayo de 2004. Sin embargo, la localizacion de los sectores productores de TIC no es el unico objetivo. Un aspecto crucial se refiere a la naturaleza de las actividades que se estan emprendiendo en diversas regiones. Las industrias de las TIC sobre todo tienen diversas caracteristicas en terminos de capital humano, requerimientos de formacion y contenido del conocimiento. En particular, debido a la asociacion positiva entre el capital humano, conocimiento y crecimiento de largo plazo, es importante analizar en que medida los cluster regionales de las TIC en la UE se diferencian segun estas caracteristicas. La segunda cuestion abordada se refiere a la naturaleza de las actividades TIC emprendidas en las regiones de la UE. Por ultimo, el trabajo proporciona estimaciones econometricas sobre la localizacion de las empresas en la industria de las TIC a traves de las regiones de la UE. El trabajo considera especificamente el caso de la localizacion de las multinacionales. Los resultados de los determinantes de la localizacion de las empresas parece diferir ampliamente dependiendo del sector de las TIC considerado, como del tipo de empresa considerada. A partir de estos resultados se deriva un numero de implicaciones de politica.
Peptide Identification and Expression Analysis of Genes Involved in Inulin Metabolism in Lactobacillus casei AP

Background and objective: Lactobacillus casei AP are probiotic bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tracts of Indonesian breast-fed infants. Lactobacillus casei AP can degrade inulin through metabolic pathways that involve certain proteins. However, detailed information on how inulin is metabolized by this strain is limited. The aim of this study was to identify intracellular proteins that play roles in metabolism of inulin. Material and methods: Bacteria were cultured on media containing commercial inulin or inulin extracted from dahlia tubers as the sole carbon source and protein identification was carried out using intracellular extraction. The bacterial intracellular proteins were isolated and separated using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then peptides were identified using electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Based on the identified proteins, corresponding genes involved in inulin metabolism were identified and their expression levels were quantified using quantitative real time-polymerase chain reactions. Results and conclusion: Comparisons of intracellular proteins from Lactobacillus casei AP cultured in inulin and MRS control media showed a different protein band at 70 kDa in bacterial cells cultured in inulin or inulin extract. This protein was identified as a glycoside hydrolase (α-2,1 glycosidic) with a gene expression value of 1.55 or a fructan hydrolase (β-2,1 fructo-furanosidic) with a gene expression value of 2.68, compared to controls. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Modelling the occurrence of postflexion stages of a marine estuarine-dependent fish in temperate South African estuaries

The movement of postflexion larvae of marine estuarine-dependent species into estuaries is critical for the survival of fishes reliant on estuaries as nurseries. However, detailed studies focused on environmental variability experienced by postflexion larvae entering a range of estuary types under varying conditions are rare. This study assessed the in situ conditions (temperature, salinity and water clarity) under which the southern African endemic fish Rhabdosargus holubi (Sparidae) recruits into estuaries. Postflexion larvae were sampled in three biogeographic regions (cool temperate, warm temperate and subtropical boundary), which included three estuary types (permanently open estuaries (POEs), temporarily open/closed estuaries and estuarine lake systems) on a seasonal basis, independent of each other. Rhabdosargus holubi larvae were more abundant in spring and summer, in POEs in the warm temperate region. Models predicted that higher larval occurrence in estuaries is a function of lower salinity (e.g. mesohaline zones of 5-17.9 salinity) and lower water clarity (e.g. 0-0.2 K d , light extinction coefficient), particularly for warm, temperate POEs. This re-emphasizes the importance of freshwater for optimal nursery functioning, which may be compromised by impoundments, abstraction and climate change in water-short countries like South Africa.
Fibre reinforced concrete containing waste coconut shell aggregate, fly ash and polypropylene fibre

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of polypropylene fibre addition into eco-concrete made with fly ash, an industrial by product, as partial cement replacement material, and coconut shell, an agricultural waste, as coarse aggregates, on the mechanical properties of the concrete. Two different mixes were developed, one with coconut shell only as coarse aggregates, and the other with the combination of both conventional aggregates and coconut shell as coarse aggregates. The cement content was replaced with class F fly ash at 10% by weight in the concrete mixes. The volume fractions of polypropylene fibres used in this study were 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0%. The addition of polypropylene fibres slightly reduces the slump and density of coconut shell concrete. As the volume fraction of fibres increases, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of coconut shell concrete also increases by up to 0.5% of fibre volume fraction. The split tensile strength and flexural strength of coconut shell concrete were also enhanced with fibre addition. The addition of 0.75% and 1.0% volume fractions of polypropylene fibres slightly reduces compressive strength. Results of this study show that polypropylene fibres may be used in coconut shell concrete to improve the mechanical properties of the composite.
Clinical Features of Primary and Systemic Metastatic Intraocular Lymphomas in Spanish Patients

Objectives To describe and compare clinical findings in different subtypes of biopsy-proven intraocular lymphomas (IOLs). Design Retrospective, observational case series. Methods The clinical and pathologic features in IOLs at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona from 1995 to 2018 were retrospectively studied. Results Twenty-one patients, 12 men (57%), median age 60 (interquartile range, IQR: 18 years), and a median follow-up of 30 (IQR 60) months were included. Eleven patients had primary vitreo-retinal lymphoma (PVRL, 52%), 4 had primary uveal lymphoma (PUL, 19%), and 6 had systemic metastatic retinal lymphomas (SMRLs, 28%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the main IOL subset in PVRL (91%) and in SMRL (83%), whereas extranodal marginal zone lymphoma was the only type in PUL (100%). Survival rate was 44% in PVRL and 20% in SMRL at 5 years (p=0.047). One patient had flow cytometry of two different vitreous humour samples. With them, flow cytometry was performed in a total of 11 samples, yielding 7 positive samples. Conclusions and Relevance Even though PVRL is the most frequent IOL subtype, our findings suggest that PUL and SMRL should be considered as potential IOL causes. Overall survival was poor in PVRL and even shorter in SMRL patients.
An Application of Mixed Logit Estimation in the Analysis of Producers’ Stated Preferences

This paper analyzes Colorado Corn producers’ preferences over both private- and environmental public-good production system attributes. Current production practices are characterized by intensive water and chemical use, resulting in non-point source pollution to water bodies as well as soil erosion problems. Data from a stated preference survey are employed to analyze key attributes of experimentally configured irrigation systems, proposed as alternatives to current practices. Panel mixed logit estimations find positive preferences for profit, risk reduction, and, importantly, systems with less environmental impact in terms of nitrate leaching and soil erosion. The results also find presence of significant preference heterogeneity and a complementary relationship between the two environmental attributes. Analysis of this kind can be used by policy makers to predict behavioral responses associated with introduction of new technologies, or to assess welfare implications of agricultural policy changes and stricter environmental regulations.
Embodiment: A Brief Overview

One of the bewildering conceptions within the realm of cognitive science has been the perception of meaning and understanding, which has inadequately been approached by previous theories of cognition. Recently, there have been radical shifts in developments in cognitive science toward the theory of Embodiment. On the word of this newfangled standpoint, it is widely accepted that body plays a central role in meaning making. In this novel approach, making linguistic meanings which is closely related to our actions is precisely the point. Several investigations have endeavored to provide the estimates of embodiment by examining the effect of body movements on cognition. A considerable amount of literature has proved that the cognitive capacities are constructed and dependent on the bodily actions through the interaction with the external world.
TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS AND ANTIOXDANT ACTIVITIES OF FICUS SYCOMORUS AND AZADIRACHTA INDICA

Summary In this study, the total phenolic content of the methanol, methanol-water mixtures and water extracts of the leaves of two plants growing in Egypt; Ficus sycomorus and Azadirachta indica were determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Also, the antioxidant activity of these extracts was evaluated by using two methods including DPPH radical scavenging activity assay and total antioxidant capacity using phosphomolybdenum technique . The results showed that the antioxidant activities of the tested extracts were highly correlated with their total phenolic contents. Methanol (70 %) extract of each plant exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared with other extracts in the two antioxidant methods. Therefore, the defatted methanol (70 %) extract was fractionated with certain organic solvents as CHCL3, EtOAc and n-BuOH, and then these fractions were submitted to antioxidant assessment . The butanolic fraction of each plant had the highest activity in the two antioxidant assays. Also, a linear positive correlation existed between the antioxidant activities of these fractions and their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. On the other hand, the effect of different temperatures (27, 50, 70 and 100 0 C), different pH values (3, 5, 7, 9 and 11) and storage in the dark at 10 0 C and 27 0 C on the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of each plant was investigated. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of this extract of the two plants decrease with increasing the temperatures and exhibit the highest activity in neutral and acidic pH.Also storage of the methanol extract of each plant at 27 0 C for one week did not show any significant change in the antioxidant activity whereas the activity decreased at 10 0 C. On the basis of these results, leaves of the two plants proved to be a good source of natural antioxidants due to their marked antioxidant activity.