Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responses of Holstein Cows to Different Bovine Somatotropin (bST) Treatments during the Transition Period and Early Lactation

Major objective was to evaluate three doses of bST (POSILAC®) injected into Holstein cows during the transition period and through 56 d of lactation for potential to improve DMI, BCS, BW, metabolites, hormones, IGF-I andmilk production. Biweekly injections of bST (0, 5.1, 10.2, or 15.3 mg bST/d) began 28 d before expected parturition and continued through 56 d postpartum. Twenty-three of the 25 multiparous Holstein cows assigned randomly to four groups completed experiment (7, 5, 6 and 5 cows/group, respectively). The DMI, BW and BCS were recorded weekly throughout the prepartum and postpartum periods and blood samples were collected thrice weekly for analyses of ST, insulin, T 4 , T 3 , IGF-I, glucose and NEFA. Milk yields were recorded daily through 60 d postpartum and milk components measured once weekly. Mathematical model for data analyses for prepartum and postpartum periods included treatment, calving month, and the two-factor interaction. Cows injected with 10.2 and 15.3 mg bST prepartum had greater mean prepartum concentrations of ST and IGF-I. Prepartum injections of bST did not affect prepartum BW or BCS. On average, cows injected postpartum better maintained their BCS during first 60 d of lactation (3.15′0.06, 3.12′0.007, 3.20′0.006 and 3.58′0.009). Treatments did not affect mean prepartum DMI but cows injected with 15.3 mg bST/d had greatest DMI and greatest mean daily MY during the first 3 wk and tended to be greater during first 60 d of lactation. Cows injected with two highest bST doses (10.1 and 15.2 mg/d) had greater mean postpartum concentrations of ST and T 3 , but IGF-I, T 4 , glucose and NEFA did not differ across groups. No adverse effects of bST treatment were observed.
The study of predictive model of social anxiety, based on behavioral inhibition and cognitive factors

Introduction: The aim of this research was to study the predictive model of symptoms of social anxiety based on behavioral inhibition and cognitive factors. The research hypothesis is that behavioral inhibition, as a temperamental factor, along with cognitive factors lead to social anxiety symptoms. Â Â Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study (2012-13). Number of 408 students were selected through random sampling. They completed the following questionnaires: Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Behavioral Inhibition Scales (AMBI and RMBI), Focus of Attention Questionnaire (FAQ), and Consequences of Negative Social Events Questionnaire (CNSEQ). Data were analyzed through multiple regression method by SPSS software version 16. Â Â Results: All of the variables were correlated with social anxiety significantly (P<0.05). Behavioral inhibition and cognitive factors have a significant effect on the development social anxiety. Also, the predictive model that behavioral inhibition along with cognitive factors creates social anxiety is confirmed. Â Conclusion: These results may be used as a tool for screening and prediction of social anxiety in students. Also, according to the effect of cognitive factors on the development of social anxiety, we can train the children in cognitive skills in order to prevent social anxiety. In addition, we can use these skills in treatment.
Genetic Algorithm Techniques in Climate Changepoint Problems

The first part of this dissertation studies genetic algorithms as a means of estimating the number of changepoints and their locations in a climatic time series. Such methods bypass classical subsegmentation algorithms, which sometimes yield suboptimal conclusions. Minimum description length techniques are introduced. These techniques require optimizing an objective function over all possible changepoint numbers and location times. Our general objective functions allow for correlated data, reference station aspects, and/or non-normal marginal distributions, all common features of climate time series. As an exhaustive evaluation of all changepoint configurations is not possible, the optimization is accomplished via a genetic algorithm that random walks through a subset of good models in an intelligent manner. The methods are applied in the analysis of 173 years of annual precipitation measurements from New Bedford, Massachusetts and the North Atlantic Basin’s tropical cyclone record. In the second part, trend estimation techniques are developed for monthly maximum and minimum temperatures observed in the conterminous 48 United States over the last century. While most scientists concur that this region has warmed in aggregate, there is no a priori reason to believe that temporal trends in extremes will have same patterns as trends in average temperatures. Indeed, under minor regularity conditions, the sample partial sum and maximum of stationary time series are asymptotically independent. Climatologists have found that minimum temperatures are warming most rapidly; such an aspect can be investigated via our methods. Here, models with extreme value and changepoint features are used to estimate trend margins and their standard errors. A spatial smoothing is then done to extract general structure. The results show that monthly maximum temperatures are not significantly changing — perhaps surprisingly, in more cases than not, they are cooling. In contrast, the minimum temperatures show significant warming. Overall, the Southeastern United States shows the least warming (even some cooling) and the Western United
Turbulent and fast motions of H 2 gas in active galactic nuclei

Querying the Spitzer archive for optically-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) observed in high-resolution mode spectroscopy, we identified radio and/or interacting galaxies with highly turbulent motions of the H2 gas at a temperature of a few hundred Kelvin. Unlike all other AGN that have unresolved H2 line profiles at a spectral resolution of �600, 3C236, 3C293, IRAS09039+0503, MCG-2-58-22, and Mrk463E have intrinsic velocity dispersions exceeding 200 kms −1 for at least two of the rotational S0, S1, S2, and S3 lines. In a sixth source, 4C12.50, a blue wing was detected in the S1 and S2 line profiles, indicating the presence of a warm molecular gas component moving at -640kms −1 with respect to the bulk of the gas at systemic velocity. Its mass is 5.2×10 7 M⊙, accounting for more than one fourth of all the H2 gas at 374K, but less than 1% of the cold H2 gas computed from CO observations. Since no diffuse gas component of 4C12.50 has been observed to date to be moving at more than 250 kms −1 from systemic velocity, the H2 line wings are unlikely to be tracing gas in shock regions along the tidal tails of this merging system. They can instead be tracing gas driven by a jet or entrained by a nuclear outflow, known to emerge from the west nucleus of 4C12.50. With an estimated mass loss rate of 130 M⊙yr −1 , such an outflow is improbable to globally quench star-formation around this nucleus.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN E-LEARNING TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SD NEGERI TAHUNAN YOGYAKARTA THE EFFECTS OF THE USE OF E-LEARNING ON THE LEARNING MOTIVATION ANDACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS OF THE STUDENTS OF SD NEGERI TAHUNAN YOGYAKARTA

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh penggunaan e-learning terhadap motivasi dan prestasi belajar matematika siswa SD Negeri Tahunan Yogyakarta. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa SD Negeri Tahunan Yogyakarta dengan sampel siswa kelas IVA dan IVB yang berjumlah 66 siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Mei sampai dengan bulan Juni tahun 2012. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan posttest-only control-group design. Statistik analisis uji t digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata dua buah kelompok dan uji T 2 Hotteling’s Trace untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan e-learning terhadap motivasi dan prestasi belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil uji t dapat diketahui motivasi belajar siswa menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,008 atau lebih kecil dari α 5% dan prestasi belajar siswa menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,003 atau lebih kecil dari α 5% yang berarti bahwa: Ada perbedaan motivasi dan prestasi belajar matematika siswa menggunakan e-learning di SD Negeri Tahunan Yogyakarta. Berdasarkan hasil uji T 2 Hotteling’s Trace diketahui nilai signifikasi sebesar 0,001 atau lebih kecil dari α 5% dan rata-rata skor angket untuk motivasi belajar siswa kelompok eksperimen sebesar 74,03 dan kelompok kontrol sebesar 70,42 dan rata-rata skor tes untuk prestasi belajar siswa kelompok eksperimen sebesar 15,45 dan kelompok kontrol sebesar 12,09 yang berarti bahwa ada pengaruh positif penggunaan e-learning terhadap motivasi dan prestasi belajar siswa di SD Negeri Tahunan Yogyakarta.
Cluster-based retrieval from a language modeling perspective

The standard approach to document retrieval is to assume that the relevance of documents could be assessed independently. The fact that a document is relevant does not contribute to predicting the relevance of a closely-related document. Cluster-based retrieval, on the other hand, assumes that the probability of relevance of a document should depend on the relevance of other similar documents to the same query. The goal is to find the best group of documents. The most common approach to cluster-based retrieval, which was proposed in the 1970s, is to retrieve one or more clusters in their entirety to a query. Research in this area has suggested that "optimal" clusters exist that, if retrieved, would yield very large improvements in effectiveness relative to document retrieval. However, no real retrieval strategy has achieved this result. Except for precision-oriented searches on very small data sets, document retrieval is found to be generally more effective. There has been a resurgence of research in cluster-based retrieval in the past few years including our own efforts in this area. The general approach is to use clusters as a form of document smoothing. Studies have shown that clusters can indeed improve retrieval performance automatically on modern test collections and the language modeling framework is an effective probabilistic retrieval framework for studying this type of problems. This thesis revisits the problem of retrieving the best group of documents, from the language-modeling perspective. We study both cluster smoothing and cluster retrieval. We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of a range of representation techniques, derive features that characterize good document clusters, and develop new probabilistic representations that capture the identified features. An extensive empirical evaluation is provided for various techniques proposed in this work. We find that whether good document clusters could be successfully identified or utilized by an IR system largely depends on how they are represented. Both the CBDM model for cluster smoothing and the geometric mean representation for cluster retrieval are shown to be effective approaches for cluster-based retrieval.
Quality of plant products grown with manure fertilization

The meeting discussed results of food quality obtained by different long-term trials in Switzerland (DOC trial), Germany (Darmstadt) and Sweden (K trial etc.). Based on the results, the parameters investigated with the samples have been evaluated and future research needs were identified as regards the topic of fertilization and food quality.
The Optimal Vortex Pump Impeller - An Experimental Study on Clogging Behaviour

This paper analyses the clogging behavior of vortex pumps by comparing the characteris-tics of two impeller designs. The impellers have dissimilar heads and efficiencies; the water was either clear or it contained non-woven textiles. An acrylic casing allowed observing the operation behaviour of the vortex pump while, at the same time, monitoring the data. Principle differences in the clogging behavior of the two impellers could be observed: One impeller outperformed the other in clear water transportation and indeed pumped more of the textiles. However it also lost more of its efficiency and accumulated more textiles declining it as the harder clogging. These results speak against the common approach of designing vortex pumps impellers under clean water operation condition, assuming that the same conditions apply for solid-containing fluids.
Changes in the behaviour of sheltered cats when coping with a new environment: focus on individuality and effects on sickness behaviour

Environmental change, such as an arrival to a cat shelter, is something that has been seen to affect the domestic cat by increasing stress levels and sickness behaviours e.g. food deprivation and diarrhoea, and thereby jeopardise its welfare. Measuring stress and welfare is of importance when evaluating a cat’s habituation and wellbeing in different situations. The invasive methods, such as measuring plasma cortisol as an indicator of stress, often cause discomfort to a cat. In this study, the method of observing behaviour when examining stress in cats is investigated. The first aim of this study was to see if cats’ behaviour changes between two periods where one is supposed to be more stressful. The second aim was to see if measuring sickness behaviours might work as an indicator of psychological stress. In this study 11 sheltered cats were observed in a cat shelter in Sweden. Behaviour elements and sickness behaviours were observed during cats’ first three days after their arrival to a new home environment. These behaviours were compared with behaviours observed during days when they had been in the new environment for longer than three days. The results showed that the relative frequency of observed behaviour elements such as body postures and activity, differs between the two periods suggesting that observing behaviour might be a valid method when investigating stress and welfare, although, the validity of the Cat-Stress-Score test used in research today could be questioned. The average amount of sickness behaviours decreased after the first three days after environmental change suggesting adaptation and that measuring sickness behaviour might be a valid method when investigating stress in sheltered cats. In this study sheltered cats were observed to hide 85 % more during the first three days after environmental change. A higher frequency of hiding behaviour was during this time period associated with a lower score of sickness behaviour. All cats except one were observed on a higher position, such as on top of a shelf or in a climbing-tree. The cats were observed to spend an average of 60 % of the time to be on higher positions during both periods. This might show that this is both a preferred coping strategy as well as a highly preferred position during everyday life for cats. Individual differences of strategies when coping with a new environment were shown. As a conclusion, this study shows that observing behaviour and measuring sickness behaviours such as diarrhoea, disruption of cage and food deprivation is useful when investigating cats’ welfare. Individuality should be considered when judging their welfare based on their behaviour and methods for doing so should be investigated further. Hiding places along with a complex enrichment and elevated surfaces should be provided to cats, especially during stressful situations such as environmental changes, in order to increase their welfare.
Electromagnetic background noise at L'Aquila Geomagnetic Observatory

In this paper we analyze the electromagnetic background noise at L’Aquila Geomagnetic Observatory during 2006 and 2007 in the frequency band 1-100 mHz. In this band a pronounced daily variation is observed both in the natural signals as well as in the artificial ones, giving rise to the problem of separating different contributions of very similar morphology. We analyzed periods when the local K index was approximately zero, in correspondence with minimum of the magnetospheric and ionospheric activity. We found that in our area the main source of artificial noise is constituted by the DC electrified railways.
Evaluation by prediction of the natural range shrinkage of Quercus ilex L. in Eastern Algeria

Bu calisma Quercus ilex. L ’ nin Dogu Cezayir ’ de dogal yayilisinin mekansal dagiliminin ongorulmesinin degerlendirilmesine odaklanmaktadir. Maksimum entropi yontemi, mekansal olusum ve cevre kosullarini iliskilendiren cevresel sartlar altinda potansiyel olarak uygun turleri modellemeye olanak saglamistir. Modelleme icin uc aciklayici parametre grubu kullanildi: i) edafik degiskenler, ii) topografya ile ilgili degiskenler ve iii) iklimsel degiskenler. Ongorulere gore, 2050 ve 2070 yillarinda sirasiyla 125000 ve 147000 hektar alan kaybolacaktir. Quercus ilex icin en uygun alanlar 2050 yilinda 1430 metre rakima ve 2070 ’ de 1650 metre rakima cikacaktir. Calismada kullanilan modelin performansi 0,929 olan AUC degeri ile dogrulandi. Yuksek rakimlar, ozellikle Sahra Atlaslarinin rakimlari, iklime bagli olarak siginaklar sunacaktir. Bu sonuclar en iyi sensibilizasyon stratejisi ve cali mesesinin korunmasinin planlamasi icin verilecek kararlari destekleyecek bir arac niteligindedir.
Elephant seal foraging dives track prey distribution, not temperature: Comment on McIntyre et al. (2011)

McIntyre et al. (2011; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 441:257? 272) concluded that climate change-related ocean warming may lead to deeper foraging dives by southern elephant seals as their prey is forced into deeper depths. They further assert that fitness for the seals will be reduced because of greater physiological costs for deep dives and the assumption that deep foraging is less successful. Their conclusions are based on an observed correlation between a temperature index and elephant seal diving depth but do not include any observations of prey. We recently observed pronounced differences in the vertical distribution of pelagic biota—biota that may well include elephant seal prey—across the same frontal zone considered by McIntyre et al. (2011) and believe that their suggested link between temperature and diving depth is actually a link between predators and distinct prey fields—a reflection of adaptive foraging behaviour in a complex and dynamic pelagic system. As such, the analysis of McIntyre et al. (2011) is uninformative about likely impacts of ocean warming.
Modelling astronomical adaptive optics – I. The software package caos

The software package CAOS (code for adaptive optics systems) described in this paper is a software ensemble of modules designed for end-to-end simulation of generic astronomical adaptive optics (AO) systems, including a complete atmosphere turbulence model, sodium laser-guide star upward and downward propagation, observed object definition, Shack‐Hartmann and novel pyramid wave-front sensors detailed modelling, wave-front reconstruction and subsequent time-filtering tools, and wave-front correction via different kinds of correctors; but also image formation, Fizeau interferometry, coronagraphy, etc. Consequently, it is more likely to be used as a tool dedicated to detailed optical astronomy studies than as an instrument simulator, as it is based on a wide range of unprecedented physical modelling. After a brief but global description, with particular emphasis on the most interesting physical modelling features, its use is illustrated through a chosen application, namely the question concerning the opportunity of having a tip‐tilt-dedicated sensor in a 8-m class telescope pyramid-based AO system. Ke yw ords: instrumentation: adaptive optics ‐ instrumentation: high angular resolution ‐ methods: numerical ‐ telescopes.
Goals met or just empty promises? : first version of the democratic security policy in Colombia

Exploiting spatial and temporal variations in the number of seizures from criminal organizations, I estimate regional fixed effects models of the increase in the number of properties confiscated on the main crime rates. From 2002 security strategies changed, and as a result, the effects on crime rates are mostly large, negative and significant. There was a clear reduction in crimes commonly committed by organized criminals, including guerrillas, paramilitaries and drug-traffickers, such as auto-theft, terrorism, terrestrial piracy, and kidnappings. In contrast, crimes usually committed by common criminals, such as street robberies and burglaries were unaffected by the new security policy.
Immunogenicity of various Vibrio ordalii lipopolysaccharide fractions in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch

The immunogenicity of intraperitoneally injected native Vibrio ordalii (Vo) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and of various Vo LPS fractions obtained by preparative sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was examined in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. Immunogenicity was assessed using a challenge with live Vo cells, the challenge being sufficient to kill 85 to 87 % of the control fish not receiving any Vo preparations. Native Vo LPS afforded the strongest protection, the relative percentage survival (RPS) being 85.3 %. LPS fractions were found to contain 2 or more LPS components, and protective immunity associated with the fractions appeared to decline (from 51.4 to 5.9% RPS) as the molecular weight of the slowest migrating components in the fractions decreased. In fact, only those fractions containing LPS with molecular weights of 20 kD or above resulted in significant protection. We conclude that the higher molecular weight species of Vo LPS were the ones that were largely responsible for the anti-Vo immunity induced In coho by native LPS, and, based on the ladderlike pattern produced by the LPS on SDS-PAGE, we think it likely that the different LPS species represented molecules differing from one another largely in the number of O-polysaccharide repeat units present. Aggregation of the LPS molecules also occurred, and the possibility that aggregation may have contributed to the immunogenicity of the protective LPS fractions cannot be ruled out.