Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schistosoma mansoni infections amongst school children in Jos, Nigeria.

A parasitological study of intestinal schistosomiasis among public/private primary and secondary school pupils in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria was conducted. Out of the 280 stool samples examined, 13(4.6%) were positive for S. mansoni parasites. Single, dual and multiple parasitic infections were recovered. The study provided some data on infections with intestinal parasites among the pupils/students in Jos, Nigeria, recommending that control and treatment of these infections is of great importance. Keywords: S. mansoni , pupils/students, survey, Jos, Nigeria
Vertikalwanderung von Ciliaten: Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen, zur Kontrolle und als eine Strategie um Fraßdruck zu vermindern.

Heterotrophe Ciliaten spielen eine sehr wichtige Rolle in aquatischen Nahrungsnetzen. Als Konsumenten von Bakterien, Algen und heterotrophen Flagellaten sind sie auch gleichzeitig Beute fur hohere Konsumenten. Unter den Strategien, die Beutetiere entwickelt haben, um dem konstanten Rauberdruck auszuweichen, sind Anderungen ihrer Korpermorphologie wie Dornen, Helme usw. und ihres Verhaltens, bekannt als Diel Vertical Migration (DVM) oder Vertikalwanderung wahrend eines Tageszyklus. Es gibt viele Arbeiten, die sich mit dem Phanomen der Vertikalenwanderung befasst haben. Jedoch berucksichtigten viele dieser Arbeiten meistens die hoheren Komponenten des Zooplanktons oder autotrophe Arten wie Mesodinium rubrum. Uber das Wanderverhalten einer heterotrophen Ciliatengemeinschaft unter naturlichen Bedingungen ist sehr wenig bekannt, insbesondere ob diese Strategie einen Vorteil fur das Uberleben der Ciliaten bedeutet. Ziel der Arbeit war, die Grunde und Vorteile dieses Verhaltens in einer naturlichen Ciliatengemeinschaft zu beobachten und zu beschreiben. Um dieses Verhalten zu verstehen, habe ich meine Forschung in drei Hauptkapitel eingeteilt; das erste bezuglich primare Feldbeobachtungen wahrend eines Jahreszyklus, das zweite befasste sich mit Feldexperimente und der dritte mit der jahrlichen Zyklus einer heterotrophen Ciliatengemeinschaft in Bezug auf die Resourcenverfugbarkeit und Pradationsdruck in einem eutrophen See. Die Arbeit wurde am Speldroper Baggersee durchgefuhrt, einem eutropher Baggersee mit monomiktischen Eigenschaften, der zwischen Emmerich und Rees am Niederrhein liegt. Er ist etwa 7 Hektar gros und hat eine maximale Tiefe von 16 Metern. Wahrend der Monate Mai - Juni und Oktober bildet sich eine stabile Schichtung mit einem klar definierten Epilimnion und Hypolimnion. Meine Ergebnisse aus den Freilandbeobachtungen zeigten, dass die Ciliaten vertikale Wanderung unter naturlichen Feldbedingungen durchfuhren konnen, und dass diese Wanderung unter dem Einfluss der jahrlichen hydrologischen Anderungen innerhalb des Sees sowie aufgrund der biologischen Interaktion unter Individuen stattfindet. Bezuglich der Freilandexperimente konnte ich zeigen, dass Pradation und Umweltbedingungen eine wichtige Rolle in der Bestimmung und Regulierung der Uberlebenschancen der Ciliaten spielen. Dabei ist es letztendlich die Wechselwirkung von beiden Faktoren, die von grundlegender Bedeutung ist. Uber den jahrlichen Zyklus wurde die Ciliatengemeinschaftsstruktur wahrend der Vorschichtungsperiode hauptsachlich von einer Top-Down-Wirkung von Pradatoren kontrolliert. Die hohe Nahrungsverfugbarkeit und die niedrige Rauberabundanz konnten bedeuten, dass die Ciliatengemeinschaft wahrend der Schichtung hauptsachlich von einer Bottom-Up-Wirkung kontrolliert wurde.
Populations of Armillaria species in pine plantations in west-central Poland.

Two diploid isolates of Armillaria gallica and 143 diploid isolates of A. solidipes were obtained from 145 samples of rhizomorphs, fruit bodies and infected wood of sessile oak and Scots pines from 5–10-year-old Scots pine plantations in three Forest Districts located 100–350 km apart in west-central Poland. Based on pairings among the 145 isolates, 18 somatic compatibility groups (genets) of A. solidipes were distinguished in the three plantations. Sequencing of ITS1/2 rDNA of 18 isolates representing the 18 genets delineated four nuclear haplotypes. This suggests that many of the A. solidipes genets are closely related and were possibly established by sib-related basidiospores. With a few exceptions there was general geographical specialization of genets but not haplotypes. Geographical specialization of genets and the dominance of single haplotypes suggest that the A. solidipes population results from clonal rather than sexual reproduction. Sequencing of the ITS1/2 and IGS-1 rDNA showed small nucleotide diversity in ITS1/2 rDNA and much more diversity in IGS-1 rDNA of the isolates of A. solidipes studied. However, none of these regions has sufficient resolution for the clear differentiation of A. solidipes from A. borealis. The sequences of the EF 1-alpha gene showed high interspecific variability in Armillaria species and very low intraspecific variability in A. solidipes. This gene is the most appropriate for reliable identification of biological species and subgroups of Armillaria. Its application is the most useful in ecological and epidemiological studies of
Pain and physical function among nursing home patients and people with dementia. Cross-sectional analyses from the COSMOS-trial

Background: Previous studies have shown how nursing home patients have poor physical functioning and are largely care dependent in activities of daily life. These patients have a high prevalence of pain and are mainly cognitively impaired, but to what extent the physical functioning is impaired by pain and cognitive impairment has not been investigated previously. This study aims to investigate the localization and degree of pain, physical functioning and dementia in a large sample of Norwegian nursing home patients, and to investigate how physical functioning is related to pain and cognitive functioning, and if the ability to perform specific physical activities differs among patient withand without dementia. Methods: Cross-sectional baseline data from a total of 545 long term care patients were collected. Patients’ demographics were obtained, as well as assessing physical and cognitive function, in addition to pain. T-test for independent groups were performed for continuous data, and Mann Whitney U-analyses for ordinal data. Regression analyses were conducted, examining the ability of demographic and test variables of pain and cognitive function to predict ADL. Results: Most patients require help in performing ADLs, and approximately 90% of the patients are cognitively impaired. Pain is present among 80% of the patients, most frequent among the patients with dementia. Cognitive functioning impacted physical functioning negatively, and patients with dementia struggle with most ADLs investigated. Musculoskeletal pain is more common than pain from head, skin and internal organs. Conclusions: Norwegian nursing home patients are very care dependent, and have reduced cognitiveand physical functioning, in addition to high prevalence of pain. A larger focus should be put into reducing physical loss of functioning, to minimize amplifying pain among nursing home patients.
Muscle activity and balance - how do we keep standing?

From a biomechanical point of view quiet standing can be described as the motion of a human inverted pendulum pivoted at the ankle joints. According to this model the motion is determined by gravity, the physical properties of the pendulum (moment of inertia, mass, center of mass) and the active and passive force-contributions from muscle-tendon systems acting over the ankle joint. The muscle-tendon system of central importance for mantaining erect posture is the “shaft” muscle gastrocnemius (GA) and its tendon. This is emphasized by measurements which show a close relationship between the GA muscle activity as measured by electromyography (EMG) and the forward-backward motion location of the center-ofpressure (COP). While GA seems to be in charge of the phasic (modulating) control mode, the soleus (SL) sets the basic tonus. Our hypothesis is that the GA-activity is linked to “dynamic stiffness control” which is necessary in order to achieve postural stability given the compliant tendon. Thus, the characteristic swayings observed in quiet standing constitute an integral and essential part of the stabilization system and are not just some “disturbance” or “noise”.
An Examination of Self- Reported Physical Activity and Physical Activity Self- Efficacy Among Children with Obesity; Findings from the Children's Health and Activity Modification Program (C.H.A.M.P.) Pilot Study

The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity is a global public health concern. Numerous experts have noted that comprehensive treatment methods are required to address this complex condition. The Children�s Health and Activity Modification Program (C.H.A.M.P.), a 4-week intervention delivered in a unique camp-based format, was developed for children with obesity and their families using a multidisciplinary approach. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the short- (i.e., 1-week post-intervention) and longer-term (i.e., 3-, 6-, and 12-months postintervention) effects of C.H. A.M.P. on children�s self-reported: (a) task and barrier self-efficacy; and (b) home-based physical activity. A secondary purpose was to determine whether task and/or barrier self-efficacy served as predictors of self-reported home-based physical activity at any of these time points. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C; Crocker, Bailey, Faulkner, Kowalski, & McGrath, 1997) was used to assess self-reported home-based physical activity and modified versions of the Self-Efficacy Scale and Barrier Efficacy Scale (McAuley & Mihalko, 1998) were administered to children to assess task and barrier self-efficacy, respectively. Forty participants (36 different children) completed Year 1 (n = 15; Mage = 10.6; 53% female) and/or Year 2 (n = 25; Mage = 10.6; 56% female) of the program. Results showed that participation in C.H. A.M.P. was associated with significant increases in task and barrier self-efficacy from pre- to post-intervention, after which mean values remained significantly higher than baseline at the 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments. No significant changes were observed from baseline to any of the post-intervention time points for home-based physical activity. Linear regression analysis revealed that task and barrier self-efficacy explained between 18% and 34% of the variance in self-reported home-based physical activity scores. While task self-efficacy contributed more towards the prediction of home-based activity at baseline, 1-week post-intervention, and 3-months post-intervention, barrier self-efficacy emerged as the predominant predictor at 6- and 12-months post-intervention. These results suggest that efficacious beliefs to be physically active and to overcome physical activity-related barriers may be important in the prediction of self-reported home-based physical activity in children with obesity. Taken together, the current findings also emphasize the importance of targeting self-efficacy as a first step towards increasing physical activity in this young population.
Secure data communication using file hierarchy attribute based encryption in wireless body area networks

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) play an important role in healthcare system by enabling medical experts to guide patients without measuring face-to-face. The unauthorized access of medical data from WBAN controller as well as the unreliable data communication may leads to risk for patients life. Currently, Chunqiang Hu et al., [1] proposed a data communication protocol by using Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) for a single file. The major limitation of Chunqiang Hu et al., [1] is that as the number of files increases, CP-ABE will suffer from parameters such as message size, energy consumption and computation cost. This paper proposes a more secure and efficient data communication protocol for WBANs by using an efficient File Hierarchy CP-ABE (FH-CP-ABE). We propose a more efficient Secure and Efficient data communication protocol for WBANs by using an efficient File Hierarchy CP-ABE (FH-CP-ABE). We use the integrated access structure which is a combination of two or more access structures and with the hierarchical files are encrypted. We evaluate the performance analysis of the proposed data communication protocol in terms of message size, energy consumption, computation cost and compared with Chunqiang Hu et al., [1] while the number of files increases.
The APOSTLE simulations: solutions to the Local Group's cosmic puzzles

The Local Group of galaxies offer some of the most discriminating tests of models of cosmic structure formation. For example, observations of the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda satellite populations appear to be in disagreement with N-body simulations of the "Lambda Cold Dark Matter" ({\Lambda}CDM) model: there are far fewer satellite galaxies than substructures in cold dark matter halos (the "missing satellites" problem); dwarf galaxies seem to avoid the most massive substructures (the "too-big-to-fail" problem); and the brightest satellites appear to orbit their host galaxies on a thin plane (the "planes of satellites" problem). Here we present results from APOSTLE (A Project Of Simulating The Local Environment), a suite of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of twelve volumes selected to match the kinematics of the Local Group (LG) members. Applying the Eagle code to the LG environment, we find that our simulations match the observed abundance of LG galaxies, including the satellite galaxies of the MW and Andromeda. Due to changes to the structure of halos and the evolution in the LG environment, the simulations reproduce the observed relation between stellar mass and velocity dispersion of individual dwarf spheroidal galaxies without necessitating the formation of cores in their dark matter profiles. Satellite systems form with a range of spatial anisotropies, including one similar to that of the MW, confirming that such a configuration is not unexpected in {\Lambda}CDM. Finally, based on the observed velocity dispersion, size, and stellar mass, we provide new estimates of the maximum circular velocity for the halos of nine MW dwarf spheroidals.
Study on the Effect of Structural Priming on Chinese EFL Learners' Language Production

Structural priming refers to the phenomenon that people tend to reuse the structure which is previously heard, read or written when a sentence is produced. It’s believed that it is the structural priming that makes the sentence structure function and that priming leads to the activation of the structure. Different from previous studies, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of structural priming on language production for relative clauses from the perspectives of pauses, latency and correctness, and to examine effects brought by different patterns of priming. After reviewing the previous studies, subjects were determined who shared the same first language background and were at the same stage in second language learning. Then, experimental materials were carefully chosen. Based on these materials, an experiment was conducted, which included three stages: pre-test, priming and post-test. Priming patterns were categorized as listening and speaking, reading and writing. By analyzing the statistics, it’s found that the performance between pre-priming and post-priming was significantly different. Structural priming could improve the performance in language production and exert positive effects on language production for Chinese EFL learners. Moreover, the performance based on listening and speaking priming was significantly different from that based on reading and writing priming. Different patterns of priming produced different effects. It’s hoped that the study could provide some implications for the improvement of second language teaching and further suggestions for future researches in this field.
A new element in the ceratopsian jaw with additional notes on the mandible. American Museum novitates ; no. 1092

During the preparation of the type skeleton of Styracosaurus parksi, our able laboratory assistant, Mr. Otto Falkenbach, discovered that the best preserved lower jaw possessed several weathered fragments in the region of the mandibular fossa that did not conform to any part or parts of the well-known elements in the ceratopsian mandible. A comparative study of these fragments has led to a reexamination of all the ceratopsian material in the American Museum, and a number of the best preserved specimens in the National Museum, in the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, and in the Royal Ontario Museum of Paleontology. In addition, the mandibles of other dinosaurs in the American Museum, especially of Plateosaurus and Tyrannosaurus, have been restudied. This investigation has resulted in the discovery of an intercoronoid-a primitive reptilian jaw element-not previously recognized in the Ceratopsia. Also, a clearer understanding of several of the other jaw elements is now possible, and a better interpretation of several dominant features of the whole ceratopsian mandible can now be given. These results are incorporated in this paper. With the exception of the wonderful collection of Protoceratops from Mongolia, recently monographed by us (1940), most of the known ceratopsian material represents adult individuals, and few of the specimens have come down to us in perfect condition. Moreover, In most specimens the sutures are obscured by age, and it is extremely difficult to distinguish them from fractures. It is, therefore, only by careful and tedious preparation that certain elements of the jaw can be separated. Mr. Falkenbach has most skillfully disarticulated and re-prepared several specimens in the American Museum and National Museum collections, thus making it possible to study in detail, and to figure the intercoronoid and the other jaw elements, some of which have not been figured previously in their entirety. Drawings shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 12 were made by Alastair Brown. All of the other illustrations were made by John C. Germann.
Biopsy pathology of the endometrium

Sampling the endometrium. The anatomy and histology of the endometrium. The normal endometrium as seen in biopsy material. Functional disorders of the endometrium. The effect of therapeutic and contraceptive hormones on the endometrium. Endometrial changes associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices. Inflammation of the endometrium. Miscellaneous benign conditions of the endometrium. Endometrial hyperplasias and intra-endometrial adenocarcinoma. Carcinoma of the endometrium (endometrial Mullerian epithelial tumours). Non-epithelial and mixed endometrial tumours of Mullerian origin. Non-Mullerian endometrial neoplasms. The endometrium in normal and abnormal pregnancy. Gestational trophoblastic disease. Endometrial biopsy in specific circumstances.
Prevalence of psychosocial problems among adolescents in rural areas of District Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh

Introduction: Adolescence is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood. It is a phase of life marked by special attributes including rapid physical growth and development; physical, social and psychological maturity. Aims & Objectives: The present cross sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of psychosocial problems among adolescents in a rural area of District Muzaffarnagar. Materials & Methods: The study subjects were 210 adolescent girls and boys (10-19 years old) selected using multistage random sampling technique. The subjects were interviewed & detailed information was collected on a structured and pre-tested questionnaire after taking consent from the subject/ parents. The clinical diagnosis was generated as per the criteria laid down in ICD-10. The data was entered in Epi Info statistical software package Version 3.4. 3 and suitable statistical methods were applied. Results: The overall prevalence of psychosocial problems amongst adolescent was found to be 41.43%. Most of them had conduct disorder (40.51% males & 35.88% females) followed by depression (30.38% males & 26.72% females). Conclusions: There are significant psychosocial problems amongst the adolescents. So, enough emphasis should be given to this component of adolescent health and thus it is recommended that a holistic approach to the underlying causes of psychosocial problems of adolescents should be undertaken.
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC AND HEAVY POLLUTION ON MACRO- AND MEIOBENTHOS OF HAVANA BAY, CUBA.

Infaunal communities (macro- and meiobenthos) and abiotic environmental factors were sampled at four stations in Havana Bay, Cuba in June, 2006. A comparison of concentration of pollutants with reference values indicated that the bay is heavily polluted. Several kinds of pollutants: hydrocarbons from petroleum, heavy metals, organic matter, and organochlorine pesticides were recorded from sediment and eutrophication was present in water. There were differences in the nature of contamination between the inlets: the most polluted were Marimelena, fundamentally by metals of industrial origin (Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, V), and Atares mainly by metals of urban origin (Pb and Zn) and organic enrichment. The infaunal communities (macro- and meiobenthos) were strongly depleted in number of taxa and density; and defaunation occurred in the most polluted inlet of the bay. Only pollutiontolerant species of free-living marine nematodes (Sabatieria pulchra, Terschellingia longicaudata, and Parodontophora xenotricha) were present in very low densities in the sediments. The most plausible explanation of these features was the deleterious effects of pollution on infauna. Hydrodynamic regime apparently modules the effects of pollution on nematode assemblages in entrance channel of the Bay by increasing the available microhabitat and/or enhancing process of colonization.