Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High school automated external defibrillator programs as markers of emergency preparedness for sudden cardiac arrest.

CONTEXT School-based automated external defibrillator (AED) programs have demonstrated a high survival rate for individuals suffering sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in US high schools. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between high schools having an AED on campus and other measures of emergency preparedness for SCA. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING United States high schools, December 2006 to September 2009. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Principals, athletic directors, school nurses, and certified athletic trainers represented 3371 high schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Comprehensive surveys on emergency planning for SCA submitted by high school representatives to the National Registry for AED Use in Sports from December 2006 to September 2009. Schools with and without AEDs were compared to assess other elements of emergency preparedness for SCA. RESULTS A total of 2784 schools (82.6%) reported having 1 or more AEDs on campus, with an average of 2.8 AEDs per school; 587 schools (17.4%) had no AEDs. Schools with an enrollment of more than 500 students were more likely to have an AED (relative risk [RR] = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 1.16, P < .01). Suburban schools were more likely to have an AED than were rural (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.11, P < .01), urban (RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.16, P < .01), or inner-city schools (RR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.23, P < .01). Schools with 1 or more AEDs were more likely to ensure access to early defibrillation (RR = 3.45, 95% CI = 2.97, 3.99, P < .01), establish an emergency action plan for SCA (RR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.67, 2.00, P < .01), review the emergency action plan at least annually (RR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.58, 2.50, P < .01), consult emergency medical services to develop the emergency action plan (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.32, P < .01), and establish a communication system to activate emergency responders (RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.08, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS High schools with AED programs were more likely to establish a comprehensive emergency response plan for SCA. Implementing school-based AED programs is a key step associated with emergency planning for young athletes with SCA.
Nonhomogeneous Boundary Value Problem for One-Dimensional Compressible Viscous Micropolar Fluid Model: Regularity of the Solution

An initial-boundary value problem for 1D flow of a compressible viscous heat-conducting micropolar fluid is considered; the fluid is thermodynamically perfect and polytropic. Assuming that the initial data are Hölder continuous on and transforming the original problem into homogeneous one, we prove that the state function is Hölder continuous on , for each . The proof is based on a global-in-time existence theorem obtained in the previous research paper and on a theory of parabolic equations.
Comparison of Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion to Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion and Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in a Chronic Porcine Model

Retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) is a new method of cerebral protection that has been touted as an improvement over hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA). However, RCP has been used clinically for durations and at temperatures that are “safe” for HCA alone. This study was designed to compare RCP to HCA and antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) deliberately exceeding “safe” limits, in order to determine unequivocally whether RCP provides better cerebral protection than HCA. Four groups of six Yorkshire pigs (20 to 30 kg) were randomly assigned to undergo 90 minutes of RCP, ACP, HCA, or HCA with heads packed in ice (HCA‐HP) at an esophageal temperature of 20°C. Arterial, mixed venous and cerebral venous oxygen, glucose and lactate contents; quantitative EEG; were monitored at baseline (37°C); at the end of cooling cardiopulmonary bypass (20°C); during rewarming (30°C); and at two and four hours post intervention. Animals were recovered and were evaluated daily using a quantitative behavioral score (0 to 9). Mean behavioral score was lower in the HCA group than in the other three groups at seven days (HCA 5.8 ± 1.1; RCP 8.5 ± 0.2; ACP 9.0 ± 0.0; HCA‐HP 8.5 ± 0.2, p < 0.05). Recovery of QEEG was better in the ACP group than in all others, but the RCP group had faster EEG recovery than HCA alone, although not better than HCA‐HP (HCA 15 ± 4; RCP 27 ± 3; ACP 78 ± 5; HCA‐HP 19 ± 3, p < 0.001). However, histopathological evidence of ischemic injury was present in 5 of 6 HCA animals and also in 4 of 6 of the HCP‐HP group, but only In 1 of 6 RCP animals and in none of the ACP group. This study demonstrates that ACP affords the best cerebral protection by all outcome measures, but RCP provides clear improvement compared to HCA. (J Card Surg 1994;9:560–575)
The Society of Thoracic Surgery Risk Score as a Predictor of 30-Day Mortality in Transcatheter vs Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Single-Center Experience and its Implications for the Development of a TAVR Risk-Prediction Model.

BACKGROUND The Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) risk score serves as an important determinant of eligibility for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The STS score's validity for predicting TAVR mortality, however, is incompletely understood. This study compares the STS score's discriminatory power for TAVR mortality as compared with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) mortality. METHODS A retrospective analysis of STS score and 30-day mortality for TAVR patients (n = 426) and SAVR patients (n = 297) at a single institution was performed. The performance of the STS score was evaluated from the standpoint of discriminatory power. The predictive ability of STS for 30-day mortality was detected by generation of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS The STS score possesses predictive ability for 30-day SAVR mortality with an area under the ROC curve of 0.791 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.690-0.893). The STS score also possesses predictive ability for 30-day TAVR mortality with an area under the ROC curve of 0.674 (95% CI, 0.541-0.807). When stratifying TAVR by access route, the STS score for transfemoral TAVR provides an area under the ROC curve of 0.789 (95% CI, 0.569-1.000). There is not a statistically significant difference in predictive ability between SAVR and TAVR. CONCLUSION The STS score possesses predictive value for 30-day mortality in both SAVR and TAVR. Although not designed for TAVR, the STS score may provide some insight into TAVR mortality, and therefore serves as an appropriate model for efforts to develop a TAVR-specific risk prediction instrument.
HerMES: SPIRE detection of high-redshift massive compact galaxies in GOODS-N field

We have analysed the rest-frame far-infrared properties of a sample of massive (M_★ > 10^(11) M_⊙) galaxies at 2 ≲ z ≲ 3 in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North (GOODS-N) field using the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) instrument aboard the Herschel Space Observatory. To conduct this analysis we take advantage of the data from the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) key programme. The sample comprises 45 massive galaxies with structural parameters characterized with HST NICMOS-3. We study detections at submm Herschel bands, together with Spitzer 24-μm data, as a function of the morphological type, mass and size. We find that 26/45 sources are detected at MIPS 24 μm and 15/45 (all MIPS 24-μm detections) are detected at SPIRE 250 μm, with disc-like galaxies more easily detected. We derive star formation rates (SFRs) and specific star formation rates (sSFRs) by fitting the spectral energy distribution of our sources, taking into account non-detections for SPIRE and systematic effects for MIPS derived quantities. We find that the mean SFR for the spheroidal galaxies (~50–100 M_⊙ yr^(−1)) is substantially (a factor ~3) lower than the mean value presented by disc-like galaxies (~250–300 M_⊙ yr^(−1)).
Conditioned appetitive stimulus increases extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of the rat

This study used in vivo microdialysis to examine the release of dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (nAc) during the performance of a previously learned, signalled sucrose reward task, and during conditioning of a neutral tone stimulus to this reward. Behavioural measures (magazine entries) confirmed that stimuli associated with sucrose presentation became secondary rewarding stimuli, and DA release was also monitored during subsequent presentation of these stimuli alone. Perhaps surprisingly, during magazine entry for consumption of sucrose, i.e. in conditions similar to routine training, dialysate DA levels in the nAc did not increase. In contrast, during conditioning of the tone with light‐sucrose, dopamine levels increased consistently and significantly. Interestingly, DA levels were somewhat, but significantly, increased when tone alone was presented in a test session, i.e. two hours after conditioning, and even more so when tone was combined with the light previously associated with sucrose. In this latter case the number of magazine entries increased to a level similar to that seen during conditioning. Presentation of light alone resulted in a similar level of magazine entries to tone alone, but no significant increase in DA. In summary, these studies confirm that a neutral stimulus can acquire the behavioural properties of reward when conditioned. The neurochemical data, on the other hand, suggest that increases of DA in nAc are more likely to be related to new associative learning than to established incentive or consumatory processes. The increase in DA release in the test session may be related either to the secondary reinforcing properties acquired by the stimulus, or to the change in contingencies, or to the aversive effects of the omission of reward.
Nephrotic syndrome after stem cell transplantation

Abstract: Nephrotic syndrome occurs rarely after bone marrow transplantation. We describe three patients with myeloid malignancy who developed nephrotic syndrome from 5, 22 and 25 months after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), confirmed by electron microscopy as membranous glomerulonephritis in two and minimal change glomerulonephritis in one. Proteinuria was initially severe in all and clinically distinct from prior graft‐vs.‐host disease in two patients. While all responded initially to prednisolone and cyclosporine therapy, two recipients with high‐risk leukemia developed late solid organ and bone marrow relapse of their disease, which ultimately proved fatal. The third patient remains alive and disease‐free with minimal proteinuria off immunosuppressive therapy. Hence, the onset of de novo high‐grade proteinuria after allogeneic SCT should prompt renal histological confirmation, and a trial of immunosuppressive therapy after other causes of nephritic syndrome have been excluded.
Cross-sectional survey of patients presenting to a South African urban emergency centre

Objectives: To describe the demographics, referral mechanism and outcome of the emergency consultation in patients presenting to a secondary hospital emergency centre (EC). Design: An observational study of patients presenting to an EC in a 1-month period from 19 November to 20 December 2007. Setting: New Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. Subjects: All patients presenting alive to the EC during the study period who were seen by an EC doctor. Outcome measures: A data collection form was completed by EC doctors at the time of the initial EC consultation documenting patient demographics, time and delay periods, South African Triage Score (SATS), initial diagnosis, transport and referral mechanisms and outcome of EC consultation. Results: Data on 2646 patient presentations were described with a mix of SATS acuity levels (green: routine care; yellow: urgent; orange: very urgent; red: immediate), with more than one-third of presentations scoring an orange or red SATS. Most patients presented in the daytime, with an increase in more ill patients (higher SATS) later in the day and at night. The peak age group was 20–40 years, with 39% resident in informal settlements within 15 km of the hospital. The initial diagnosis was trauma in 26% of presentations, with a wide spread of other presentations. Patients were transported by ambulance to the EC in 39% of presentations, 41% were self-referred and 41% were referred by a primary health care practitioner. Fifty-three percent of presentations were either admitted to hospital or kept in the EC for further investigations, and the remainder were discharged from the EC. Conclusions: Clear trends are seen for patient demographics and temporal attendance patterns which are important for resource allocation and planning. Many low-acuity patients, largely non-referred, are being seen in the EC and should be managed by primary health care level staff outside the EC.
Cereal starch nanoparticles—A prospective food additive: A review

ABSTRACT Starch is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature and is typically isolated from plants in the form of micro-scale granules. Raw starch has limited applications due to its innate disadvantages such as poor solubility in cold water, tendency to retrograde and high viscosity once it is gelatinized. Therefore, some degree of modification is required to enhance its functionality. Starch nanoparticle is one of the products of such modification. Chemical, enzymatic, and physical treatments are used for the preparation of starch nanoparticles and to study their granular and molecular structures. Characterization of starch nanoparticles on the size distribution, crystalline structure, and physical properties in relation to the starch sources and preparation methods can be done using various characterization tools e.g. Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atomic Florescence Microscopy, etc. Starch nanoparticles can be used as a food additive as it has adverse range of uses in food such as emulsion stabilizer, fat replacer, Thickener, or rheology modifier etc.
The causes of prehospital delay in myocardial infarction.

INTRODUCTION The elapsed time between the onset of symptoms and reperfusion is a critical determinant of the clinical course of patients with myocardial infarction. The patients' own decision time is the most important component of prehospital delay. METHODS Selective literature review based on the references in a meta-analysis, complemented by a PubMed search on the expression "prehospital delay" in combination with "myocardial infarction," "acute coronary syndrome," "psychological factors," "gender," and "public campaign. " A total of 73 papers addressing factors that influence prehospital delay were selected. RESULTS The reasons for delays of more than 120 minutes in a patient with symptoms of myocardial infarction reaching the hospital are still not sufficiently elucidated. Patients' uncertainty about their symptoms, advanced age, and female sex are three factors that appear to be associated with longer delays. DISCUSSION Factors influencing prehospital delay operate at the following levels: the perception of acute symptoms, the recognition of the importance of these symptoms, and the decision to call for help. Intervention trials should consider these levels in meeting the needs of clinically relevant subpopulations.
N‐chlorotaurine and its analogues N,N‐dichloro‐2,2‐dimethyltaurine and N‐monochloro‐2,2‐dimethyltaurine are safe and effective bactericidal agents in ex vivo corneal infection models

Purpose: N‐chlorotaurine (NCT) and its analogues N‐monochloro‐2,2‐dimethyltaurine (NVC‐612) and N‐dichloro‐2,2‐dimethyltaurine (NVC‐422) are new anti‐infectives for topical treatment for conjunctivitis. The aim of this study was to show that these compounds are safe in an EpiOcular model and effective in corneas infected ex vivo.
A modified faster R-CNN based on CFAR algorithm for SAR ship detection

SAR ship detection is essential to marine monitoring. Recently, with the development of the deep neural network and the spring of the SAR images, SAR ship detection based on deep neural network has been a trend. However, the multi-scale ships in SAR images cause the undesirable differences of features, which decrease the accuracy of ship detection based on deep learning methods. Aiming at this problem, this paper modifies the Faster R-CNN, a state-of-the-art object detection networks, by the traditional constant false alarm rate (CFAR). Taking the objects proposals generated by Faster R-CNN for the guard windows of CFAR algorithm, this method picks up the small-sized targets. By reevaluating the bounding boxes which have relative low classification scores in detection network, this method gain better performance of detection.
Which Mobile Learning is More Suitable on Physics Learning in Indonesian High School?

The use of mobile learning tool has controversy in Indonesian schools. Some teachers feel that it would interfere with the learning process in the classroom, but at the same time teachers saw a lot of potential of mobile technology. The goal of this study is to observe secondary schools on facilitating students through the use of mobile learning. This research is descriptive qualitative evaluations on the assembling mobile learning in several secondary schools in several regions in Indonesia during 2014-2015. The results of this study indicate that some of the schools that have implemented mobile learning, there is a tendency that mobile learning was not in a planned and structured as a school program. Two things are important to solve this condition are the availability of government policy and increase literacy teachers in managing mobile learning application.
Candida vascular complication in a liver transplant recipient due to yeast contamination of preservation solution

Infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation. One possible cause of infection is preservation fluid contamination. Donor‐derived pathogens, such as Candida albicans, have occasionally produced life‐threatening complications in organ recipients, already described in renal transplantation. In the present case, we report the loss of a liver graft secondary to vascular complications because of C. albicans found in the preservation fluid. Our case report raises the question of implementing procedures, similar to those in renal transplantation, including early antifungal treatment and repeated radiological monitoring for the prevention and detection of vascular complications.
Sickness absence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological treatments for individuals on sick leave due to common mental disorders

Abstract Sick leave due to common mental disorders (CMDs) increase rapidly and present a major societal challenge. The overall effect of psychological interventions to reduce sick leave and symptoms has not been sufficiently investigated and there is a need for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the field. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to calculate the effect size of psychological interventions for CMDs on sick leave and psychiatric symptoms based on all published randomized controlled trials. Methodological quality, the risk of bias and publication bias were also assessed. The literature searches gave 2240 hits and 45 studies were included. The psychological interventions were more effective than care as usual on both reduced sick leave (g = 0.15) and symptoms (g = 0.21). There was no significant difference in effect between work focused interventions, problem-solving therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy or collaborative care. We conclude that psychological interventions are more effective than care as usual to reduce sick leave and symptoms but the effect sizes are small. More research is needed on psychological interventions that evaluate effects on sick leave. Consensual measures of sick leave should be established and quality of psychotherapy for patients on sick leave should be improved.
Oxygen Tension Regulates Survival and Fate of Mouse Central Nervous System Precursors at Multiple Levels

Despite evidence that oxygen regulates neural precursor fate, the effects of changing oxygen tensions on distinct stages in precursor differentiation are poorly understood. We found that 5% oxygen permitted clonal and long‐term expansion of mouse fetal cortical precursors. In contrast, 20% oxygen caused a rapid decrease in hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α and nucleophosmin, followed by the induction of p53 and apoptosis of cells. This led to a decrease in overall cell number and particularly a loss of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Clonal analysis revealed that apoptosis in 20% oxygen was due to a complete loss of CD133loCD24lo multipotent precursors, a substantial loss of CD133hiCD24lo multipotent precursors, and a failure of remaining CD133hiCD24lo cells to generate glia. In contrast, committed neuronal progenitors were not significantly affected. Switching clones from 5% to 20% oxygen only after mitogen withdrawal led to a decrease in total clone numbers but an even greater decrease in oligodendrocyte‐containing clones. During this late exposure to 20% oxygen, bipotent glial (A2B5+) and early (platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α) oligodendrocyte progenitors appeared and disappeared more quickly, relative to 5% oxygen, and late stage O4+ oligodendrocyte progenitors never appeared. These results indicate that multipotent cells and oligodendrocyte progenitors are more susceptible to apoptosis at 20% oxygen than committed neuronal progenitors. This has important implications for optimizing ex vivo production methods for cell replacement therapies.
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 gene polymorphism confers susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes in Japanese children: analysis of association with HLA genotypes and autoantibodies

OBJECTIVE Although the polymorphisms of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene have been shown to be associated with Type 1 diabetes in Caucasians, some conflicting results have been reported among subjects of different ethnic backgrounds. We examined a CTLA4 polymorphism and its relationship to human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes and autoantibodies for glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and IA‐2 in Japanese children with Type 1 diabetes.
Function and morphology of macula before and after removal of idiopathic epiretinal membrane.

PURPOSE To study the function and morphology of the macula of the eye before and after the removal of unilateral idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM). METHODS Focal macular electroretinograms (fmERGs) elicited by a 15 degrees stimulus were recorded in 37 eyes of 37 patients with a unilateral ERM. The amplitudes of the a- and b-waves and the oscillatory potentials (OPs) were compared with the corresponding waves in the normal fellow eyes before and after removal of the ERM. In 29 eyes followed up for more than 6 months after surgery, the fmERGs and foveal and parafoveal thicknesses, measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT), were evaluated. RESULTS Before surgery, the mean amplitudes of all components of the fmERGs were significantly smaller than in the fellow eyes, with the decrease largest for the OPs, followed by the b-waves and then the a-waves. The eyes with less severely reduced a-wave amplitude (>70% of the fellow eyes) had significantly lower b-wave to a-wave (b/a) ratios. After surgery, the amplitudes of the b-wave and OPs were still significantly smaller in the affected eyes. The mean foveal and parafoveal thicknesses were significantly less after surgery; however, the thickness was still more in the affected eyes. The decrease of the OPs remained after surgery and correlated with increased parafoveal thickness (r = -0.460, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The decreased fmERGs indicate that macular function is impaired in eyes with ERM. The decrease of the b-wave and OPs in the 29 eyes examined after vitrectomy may be due to the still thickened macular retina.