Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon in different phases ((CII), (CI), and CO) in infrared dark clouds: Cloud formation signatures and carbon gas fractions ? .

Context. How molecular clouds form out of the atomic phase and what the relative fractions of carbon are in the ionized, atomic, and molecular phase are questions at the heart of cloud and star formation. Aims. We want to understand the kinematic processes of gas flows during the formation of molecular clouds. In addition to that, we aim at determining the abundance ratios of carbon in its various gas phases from the ionized to the molecular form. Methods. Using multiple observatories from Herschel and SOFIA to APEX and the IRAM 30 m telescope, we mapped the ionized and atomic carbon as well as carbon monoxide ([CII] at 1900 GHz, [CI] at 492 GHz, and C 18 O(2–1) at 220 GHz) at high spatial resolution (12 �� −25 �� ) in four young massive infrared dark clouds (IRDCs). Results. The three carbon phases were successfully mapped in all four regions, only in one source does the [CII] line remain a nondetection. With these data, we dissect the spatial and kinematic structure of the four IRDCs and determine the abundances of gas phase carbon in its ionized, atomic, and most abundant molecular form (CO). Both the molecular and atomic phases trace the dense structures well, with [CI] also tracing material at lower column densities. [CII] exhibits diverse morphologies in our sample from compact to diffuse structures, probing the cloud environment. In at least two out of the four regions, we find kinematic signatures strongly indicating that the dense gas filaments have formed out of a dynamically active and turbulent atomic and molecular cloud, potentially from converging gas flows. The atomic carbon-to-CO gas mass ratios are low between 7% and 12% with the lowest values found toward the most quiescent region. In the three regions where [CII] is detected, its mass is always higher by a factor of a few than that of the atomic carbon. While the ionized carbon emission depends on the radiation field, we also find additional signatures that indicate that other processes, for example, energetic gas flows can contribute to the [CII] excitation as well. Conclusions. Combining high-resolution maps in the different carbon phases reveals the dynamic interplay of the various phases of the interstellar medium during cloud formation. Extending these studies to more evolved stages and combining the observations with molecular cloud formation simulations including the chemistry and radiative transfer will significantly improve our understanding of the general interstellar medium, cloud, and star formation processes.
Preserving fertility in young patients with lymphoma: an overview

: Fertility preservation affords patients the ability to reproduce after the initial diagnosis and management of such malignancies as Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Certain chemotherapy regimens and pelvic radiotherapy confer a high-risk of subsequent gonadal compromise in both males and females. Fortunately, early counseling and initiation of fertility-preservation strategies promptly after diagnosis enable patients to maintain hope for future reproduction. Well-established methods for fertility preservation include embryo and oocyte cryopreservation in females and sperm cryopreservation in males. These methods enable patients to utilize assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization, at the time of desired childbearing in order to ensure genetic offspring. As most of these modalities are not feasible in some patient populations, including prepubescent patients, newer methods of fertility preservation must be created to ensure the ability to produce genetic offspring in lymphoma patients. This review provides insights into the impact of gonadotoxic treatment on ovarian and testicular function, and highlights current modalities in fertility preservation in both males and females.
1 Improvement of the Classification Algorithms of 2 Postures for Non-Marker Systems of Human Motion 3 Capture 4

The rapid development of algorithms for skeleton detection with relatively inexpensive 12 contactless systems and cameras opens the possibility of virtual exercise therapy for patients with 13 different complications. However, evaluation and confirmation of posture classifications is still 14 needed. The purpose of this study was therefore to find the most accurate algorithm for automatic 15 classification of human exercise movement. A Kinect V2 with 25 joints identification was used to 16 record movements for data analysis. A total of 10 subjects volunteered for this study. Four 17 algorithms were tested for the classification of different postures in Matlab. These were based on: 18 total error of vector lengths, total error of angles, multiplication of these two parameters and 19 simultaneous analysis of the first and second parameters. A base of 13 exercises was then created to 20 test the recognition of postures by the algorithm, and to analyse subject performance. The best 21 results for posture classification was shown by the second algorithm with an accuracy of 94.9%. The 22 average correctness of exercises among the 10 participants was 94.2% (SD1.8%). The algorithms 23 tested in this study therefore proved to be effective and could potentially form the basis for 24 developing a system for remote monitoring of rehabilitation involving exercise. 25
Extensive amenability and an application to interval exchanges

Extensive amenability is a property of group actions which has recently been used as a tool to prove amenability of groups. We study this property and prove that it is preserved under a very general construction of semidirect products. As an application, we establish the amenability of all subgroups of the group $\text{IET}$ of interval exchange transformations that have angular components of rational rank less than or equal to two. In addition, we obtain a reformulation of extensive amenability in terms of inverted orbits and use it to present a purely probabilistic proof that recurrent actions are extensively amenable. Finally, we study the triviality of the Poisson boundary for random walks on $\text{IET}$ and show that there are subgroups $G<\text{IET}$ admitting no finitely supported measure with trivial boundary.
Plasmodium P 36 determines host cell receptor usage during sporozoite invasion 1 2

Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des 8 Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, F-75013, Paris, France. 9 Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of 10 Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand. 11 Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research 12 building, University of Oxford Old Road campus, Oxford, United Kingdom. 13 INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, F-67000, 14 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France. 15 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and 16 Nutrition, UMR_S 1166, F-75013, Paris, France. 17 INSERM, U935, F-94807, Villejuif, France. 18 Université Paris Sud, Institut André Lwoff, F-94807, Villejuif, France. 19 Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire PitiéSalpêtrière, F20 75013 Paris, France. 21 Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 22 F-67000 Strasbourg, France. 23 24
Radio, Television and the Internet providing the Right to Education in India

Radio, television and the Internet (RTI) comprise an important strategic application in India for educational development. RTI provides the means for the right to education using learning materials through the popular mass media. Initially only radio was used for imparting education - broadcasting programs for students at schools, colleges, and at universities. Then TV joined hands and carried the mission further when it started transmission with an increasing number of channels. The use of computers along with the Internet has completely changed the world in the field of information and education. These different forms of communication have varied and interrelated functions to perform towards improving the quality of teaching-and-learning and spreading education to all parts of the country. They have also made it possible to deliver education all over the globe, and India now exports these courses using basic but popular mass media. RTI is helping to eliminate various educational disparities between rural and urban populations, between regular mode and distance mode education, and between different languages used for education. However, in India, there remains much scope for further development, expansion and more effective utilization of RTI. At present there is fairly good coverage of RTI connectivity, considering the size of the country. Expansion and greater utilization of existing RTI facilities could provide further opportunities towards sustaining education among students who are educationally and technologically disadvantaged in many parts of India, and in many countries all over the world.
Bank Stock Returns and Economic Growth

Previous research has established (i) that a country's financial sector influence future economic growth and (ii) that stock market index returns affect future economic growth. We extend and tie together these two strands of the growth literature by analyzing the relationship between banking industry stock returns and future economic growth. Using dynamic panel techniques to analyze panel data from 18 developed and 18 emerging markets, we find a positive and significant relationship between bank stock returns and future GDP growth that is independent of the previously documented relationship between market index returns and economic growth. We also find that much of the informational content of bank stock returns is captured by country-specific and institutional characteristics, such as bank-accounting-disclosure standards, banking crises, enforcement of insider trading law and government ownership of banks.
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF PHYTOPLASMAS FROM DILL (ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS L.; UMBELLIFERAE)

Dills (Anethum graveolens L.) grown from seeds in a small area of the Italian Riviera showed symptoms including stalk discoloration, flower virescence and phyllody. The affected plants were tested for the presence of phytoplasmas. DNAs were PCR-amplified in reactions with ribosomal universal or group-specific primer pairs and analysed by restriction digestions with BfaI or MseI enzyme. Phytoplasmas, identified as members of 16SrI-B, I-C, V-A and XII-A subgroups were present in 18 out of 22 samples (81.8%). Of these, 9 (50% of the infected) carried a single phytoplasma [3 subgroup 16SrI-B (16.6%), 1 16SrI-C (5.5%), and 5 16SrV-A (27.7%)]. Seven samples (38.8%) carried two different phytoplasmas (6 members of subgroups V-A and XIIA; 1 member of subgroups I-C and V-A). Two samples carried phytoplasmas of three different subgroups in different mixes (I-C, V-A and XII-A; I-B,I-C and XIIA). There was no clear correlation between a given symptom and the presence of one or more phytoplasmas. This is the first report from Europe of phytoplasmas in dill plants.
Genetic Variation of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) at Allozyme and RAPD Markers in Korea, China and Russia

Abstract We studied and compared genetic variation of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) from 12 natural populations in Korea, China, and Russian Far East using allozymes and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Eighteen polymorphic allozyme loci and 38 polymorphic RAPD fragments were analyzed. The level of allozyme diversity (A = 1.95, P95 = 46.8%, Ho = 0.158, He = 0.169) and the degree of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.069) were comparable to those of other pines with similar life histories and ecological traits. Allozyme (He) as well as RAPD (Shannon’s index) variation decreased from south (Korea) to north (Russia), providing an evidence for the hypothesis of Korean pine’s northward migration. Differentiations among three different regions (Korea, China, and Russia) as well as among populations within regions were small. Substantial gene flow (Nm = 3.4) may be a partial explanation to this result. Clustering algorithms using various genetic distance measures showed some decisive geographic patterns at allozyme and RAPD level: the geographically close populations tended to be clustered together. On the other hand, two Chinese populations, Xobukho and Wangging, were grouped with the Russian populations rather than with the other Chinese populations. The Xiaoxing’anling and other mountains extended from north to south seemed to function as a barrier against gene flow between the Xobukho and Wangging (located east of the mountains) and the other Chinese P. koraiensis populations (located west of the mountains). The genetic diversities and differentiation estimated from RAPD data in Korean pine were congruent with those of allozymes.
The Reading Group: An Experimental Investigation of a Labyrinth. Technical Report No. 271.

REPORTED ARE two experiments with third-grade children in which a number of dimensions of reading instruction were investigated. The major findings: an emphasis on meaning produces better sentence recall than an emphasis on accurate oral reading; in groups receiving an accurate reading emphasis, but not groups receiving a meaning emphasis, sentence recall depends upon instructional time; the child who is taking an active turn remembers more sentences from a lesson than the children who are following along; and the interestingness of the material is a major factor in sentence recall, one that is much more important than readability.
Effects of land use, climate variation, and N deposition on N cycling and C storage in northern hardwood forests

We hypothesized that much of the variability in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) loss from forested catchments can be explained by land use history and interannual climatic variation, and that these factors determine the degree to which N deposition results in increased storage of C in forests. We used an existing model of C, N, and water balances in forest ecosystems in conjunction with long‐term climate and N leaching loss data from several northern hardwood forest ecosystems to predict the effects of land use, climate variability and N deposition on C storage and N cycling and loss. Six sites from the White Mountains of New Hampshire with very different land use histories and annual stream DIN losses were used. The only model parameter that varied between sites was land use or disturbance history. Each site was simulated using both mean climate data for each year and actual time series climate data. Vegetation removal resulted in a period of increased DIN leaching, followed by losses below those in control stands for both measured and simulated data. One site with an extreme fire event over 170 years ago still showed reduced N losses in both modeled and measured data. Significant interannual variation in DIN loss is evident in the field data. Model predictions using actual climate time series data captured much of this variation. This high interannual variability along with the slow rate of change in DIN loss predicted by PnET‐CN using mean climate throughout the simulations suggests that statistically significant increases in DIN leaching losses due to long‐term increases in N deposition will not be detectable for several decades, given current rates of N deposition. N deposition increased C storage in all simulations, but the quantity stored was about 50% that predicted by another published model. This difference results from differences in the efficiency with which added N is retained in the ecosystem. The previous model used an 80% retention value, while retention was closer to 50% over most of the time period examined here.
Determining factors of the benefits derived from the implementation of EN 9100 standards

In Spain, as well as in the rest of the world, the aerospace sector is one of the most important. The EN 9100 Standards (AS 9100 in America and SIAC 9100 in Asia), are a quality management system for the aerospace industry derived from the ISO 9001 standard, that include the requirements derived from the ISO 9001 and 83 specifi c additional requirements for the aerospace industry. This research aims to begin covering the virtual lack of studies about the results arising from the implementation of quality assurance standards in this sector. In particular, the objective of the research involves analyzing whether the appearance of the various positive effects that may arise as a result of implementing EN 9100 Standards is infl uenced by the following factors: a) size of the company; b) implementation of EN 9100 seniority; c) prevailing type of motivation (external and/ or internal) to adhere to such standards. To that end, the research was addressed to the Spanish aerospace sector, and the population subject to the investigation was defi ned by 317 companies. A questionnaire was sent by postal mail and e-mail to the directors of quality of all the selected companies, and a multiple linear regression model was applied to data from the 126 valid survey responses. The results show that EN 9100 adherence seniority, as well as the prevailing type of motivation (internal or external), are signifi cant variables for the appearance of positive effects arising from the implementation of EN 9100, while the size of the company is non-signifi cant for the emergence of such positive effects.
A Comparative Analysis of Political Competition and Local Provision of Public Goods: Brazil, Colombia and Mexico(1991-2010)

En esta investigacion exploramos el efecto de la competencia politica sobre la provision local de bienes publicos en tres paises: Brasil, Colombia y Mexico para el periodo 1991-2010 usando datos municipales. Estos tres paises comparten caracteristicas que hacen el analisis comparativo especialmente util en la comprension del papel jugado por las estructuras de gobierno, las cuales incluyen el grado de descentralizacion economica y politica. Basado en un enfoque multidimensional de la competencia politica y destacando el papel de las elecciones de congreso, establecemos el efecto que ejercen diversas medidas de competencia politica, basadas en las elecciones de camara de representantes, sobre indicadores de educacion primaria, sanidad y mortalidad infantil. Encontramos que Brasil exhibe la elasticidad mas alta y con signos esperados en la provision de los bienes publicos ante la mayoria de medidas de competencia politica, mientras que Mexico muestra una fuerte conexion entre estas medidas y todos los bienes publicos aunque con efectos negativos de la tasa de participacion y volatilidad electoral. Colombia es el pais que mas baja respuesta presenta, excepto por mortalidad infantil. Atribuimos estas diferencias a las influencias provenientes de la rendicion de cuentas y la disciplina de los partidos.
Oxidative status and antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes from breeding and pregnant ewes grazing natural pastures in dry season

In the last decade, the evaluation of oxidative stress (the imbalance between the production of free radicals and the efficiency of antioxidant defence systems in the body) has become increasingly important in ruminant health and animal production as complementary tools in evaluation of the nutritional and metabolic status of the animals. Free radicals are believed to play important roles in regulating the metabolic activity of some organs and productivity in farm animals [16]. However, they are capable of oxidizing various macromolecules and in amounts exceeding the capacity of antioxidant mechanisms they cause oxidative stress, which potentially leads to pathological changes [28]. All major classes of biomolecules are sensitive to oxidative stress, although lipids are particularly susceptible [29]. Several defence mechanisms are available to prevent oxidative damage [28] such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes. Thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) can be measured for assessing lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress of the animal [31].
Identification of α-Adrenergic Receptors in Human Platelets by [3H]Dihydroergocryptine Binding

Binding of [(3)H]dihydroergocryptine to platelet lysates appears to have all the characteristics of binding to alpha-adrenergic receptors. At 25 degrees C binding reaches equilibrium within 20 min and is reversible upon addition of excess phentolamine. Binding is saturable with 183+/-22 fmol of [(3)H]dihydroergocryptine bound per mg of protein at saturation, corresponding to 220+/-26 sites per platelet. Kinetic and equilibrium studies indicate the dissociation constant of [(3)H]dihydroergocryptine for the receptors is 1-3 nM. The specificity of the binding sites is typical of an alpha-adrenergic receptor. Catecholamine agonists compete for occupancy of the [(3)H]dihydroergocryptine binding sites with an order of potency (-)epinephrine> (-)norepinephrine>> (-)isoproterenol. Stereospecificity was demonstrated inasmuch as the (+)isomers of epinephrine and norepinephrine were 10-20-fold less potent than the (-)isomers. The potent alpha-adrenergic antagonists phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, and yohimbine competed potently for the sites, whereas beta-antagonists such as propranolol and dichlorisoproterenol were quite weak. Dopamine and serotonin competed only at high concentrations (0.1 mM). The [(3)H]dihydroergocryptine binding sites could also be demonstrated in intact platelets where they displayed comparable specificity, stereospecificity, and saturability. Saturation binding studies with the intact platelets indicated 220+/-45 receptors per platelet, in good agreement with the value derived from studies with platelet lysates. Ability of alpha-adrenergic agonists to inhibit adenylate cyclase and of alpha-adrenergic antagonists to antagonize this inhibitory effect directly paralleled ability to interact with the [(3)H]dihydroergocryptine binding sites. These data demonstrate the feasibility of directly studying alpha-adrenergic receptor binding sites in human platelets with [(3)H]dihydroergocryptine.
A search in north Greenland for a new ice-core drill site

Abstract A new deep ice-core drilling site has been identified in north Greenland at 75.12° N, 42.30° W, 316 km north-northwest (NNW) of the GRIР drill site on the summit of the ice sheet. The ice thickness here is 3085 m; the surface elevation is 2919 m.The North GRIP (NGRIP) site is identified so that ice of Eemian age (115–130 ka BP,calendar years before present) is located as far above bedrock as possible and so the thickness of the Eemian layer is as great as possible. An ice-flow model, similar to the one used to date the GRIP ice core, is used to simulate the flow along the NNW-trending ice ridge. Surface and bedrock elevations, surface accumulation-rate distribution and radio-echo sounding along the ridge have been used as model input.The surface accumulation rate drops from 0.23 m fee equivalent year−1 at GRIP to 0.19 m ice equivalent year−1 50 km from GRIP. Over the following 300km the accumulation is relatively constant, before it starts decreasing again further north. Ice thicknesses up to 3250 m bring the temperature of the basal ice up to the pressure-melting point 100–250 km from GRIP. The NGRIP site islocated 316 km from GRIP in a region where the bedrock is smooth and the accumulation rate is 0.19 m ice equivalent year−1. The modeled basal ice here has always been a few degrees below the pressure-melting point. Internal radio-echo sounding horizons can be traced between the GRIP and NGRIP sites, allowing us to date the ice down to 2300 m depth (52 ka BP). An ice-flow model predicts that the Eemian-age ice will be located in the depth range 2710–2800 m, which is 285 m above the bedrock. This is 120 m further above the bedrock, and the thickness of the Eemian layer of ice is 20 m thicker, than at the GRIP ice-core site.