Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An electron‐microscope study of the mode of cell death induced by cancer‐chemotherapeutic agents in populations of proliferating normal and neoplastic cells

Deletion of scattered single cells by ultrastructurally typical apoptosis was observed to take place continuously in the lining of the small intestinal crypts of normal mice, and in untreated Crocker mouse ascites tumours. Injection of the cancer-chemotherapeutic agents actinomycin D, mitomycin C, cytosine arabinoside and cycloheximide massively enhanced the rate of apoptosis in each situation, the morphology of cell death induced by these drugs being fundamentally different from that of coagulative necrosis, which developed without treatment in the centres of solid nodules that grew after subcutaneous inoculation of the tumour. In the crypt lining, where the predominant cell type affected appeared to be epithelial, the apoptotic bodies were either extruded into the lumen or rapidly phagocytosed and degraded by adjacent viable cells. But bodies in the ascites tumour were rarely ingested by uninvolved cells, presumably because of their wide dispersal in a fluid medium, and the stages in their development were seen more clearly than has been possible in solid tissues, where phagocytosis is ususlly rapid: they eventually underwent a change resembling coagulative necrosis or in-vitro autolysis. Reports suggesting that cancer-chemotherapeutic agents enhance autophagy in solid malignant neoplasms require confirmation, for secondary lysosomes of any sort were found to be uncommon in the treated ascites tumours, and there is little doubt that phagocytosed apoptotic bodies have been mistaken for autophagic vacuoles in the past. The significance of the fact that cancer-chemotherapeutic agents induce a type of cell death that is found in normal tissues is at present unknown.
The distribution of saponins in vivo affects their synergy with chimeric toxins against tumours expressing human epidermal growth factor receptors in mice

Background and purpose: Certain saponins synergize with antitumour drugs to enhance their efficacy, but the mechanisms underlying this synergy in vivo are not well studied. Here, we describe the distribution of Saponinum album (Spn) from Gypsophila paniculata L. in mice after subcutaneous injection.
The Relationships Among Performance Appraisal Satisfaction, Career Development and Creative Behavior

The impact of performance appraisal satisfaction on employee attitudes and behavior is well established in the literature. Employees who are satisfied with performance appraisals at work are expected to be more satisfied and motivated at work. However, current research has not empirically established whether performance appraisal satisfaction leads to creative behavior at work. Creative behavior is one of the key factors that helps companies to remain competitive in the market. One of the main objectives of this paper is to investigate the relationship between performance appraisal satisfaction and creative behavior. Another objective of this research is to examine the relationship between satisfaction with appraisal and perceptions of career development which is considered a top priority for many employees. Career development at work remains a highly sought element that employees look for in a job. Although performance appraisal systems are expected to include discussions of career development, there has been limited studies which explicitly tested whether satisfaction with appraisal can positively impact perceptions of career development at work. A sample of 128 respondents from the country of Lebanon took part in this study. All variables of interest including performance appraisal satisfaction, career development, and creative behavior were measured using well-established scales. All scales achieved acceptable Cronbach's alpha levels in this study. Regression analysis showed that performance appraisal satisfaction is positively related to both creative behavior and career development. Moreover, this study tested the role of career development in the relationship between performance appraisal satisfaction and creative behavior. Mediation analysis showed that career development fully mediated the relationship between performance appraisal satisfaction and creative behavior. In other words, when career development was entered into the equation, the relationship between performance appraisal satisfaction and creative behavior became insignificant suggesting full mediation. This demonstrates that companies that fail to build effective career development systems at work may not be able to secure employee creativity, regardless of whether the performance appraisal systems are considered satisfying by employees. Discussions and management implications are presented in this paper. The paper concludes with the study limitations and offers suggestions for future research.
HUMAN CAPITAL APPROACH TO INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the human capital approach to manage human resources becoming more productive. The method used in this research is qualitative method with descriptive research. Human capital approach for the implementation has five main components, namely individual capability, individual motivation, the organization climate, workgroup effectiveness and leadership. the importance of the role of human resources in the activities of the company, then the company should manage human resources as best as possible because the key to success of a company is not only the benefits of technology and the availability of funds, but also on the human factor. Based on observations in Indonesia, there are still many companies that have not implemented the most optimal approach to human capital. The results of the study indicate that the human capital component is not yet optimal, especially in terms of individual capability and individual motivation. Keywords : Human capital approach, individual capability, individual motivation, the organization climate, workgroup effectiveness and leadership ABSTRAK Tulisan ini membahas pendekatan human capital untuk mengelola sumber daya manusia yang lebih produktif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Pendekatan human capital menerapkan lima komponen utama, yaitu individual capability, individual motivation, the organization climate, workgroup effectiveness dan leadership. Menyadari pentingnya peran sumber daya manusia dalam kegiatan perusahaan, maka hendaknya perusahaan perlu mengelola sumber daya manusia sebaik mungkin karena kunci sukses suatu perusahaan bukan hanya pada keunggulan teknologi dan tersedianya dana, melainkan juga pada faktor manusianya. Berdasarkan pengamatan masih banyak perusahaan di Indonesia yang belum menerapkan pendekatan human capital secara optimal. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa penerapan komponen human kapital belum optimal terutama pada aspek individual capability dan individual motivation. Kata kunci : Pendekatan human capital, individual capability , individual motivation , the organization climate , workgroup effectiveness and leadership
A 5-Year Survey of Nitric Oxide Use in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

The authors retrospectively reviewed their experience with nitric oxide (NO) in a pediatric ICU. Given its cost ($3000/d), ongoing evaluations are required to ensure its effective use and avoid inappropriate applications. NO use included 4 categories: (1) hypoxemic respiratory failure, (2) pulmonary hypertension following surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD), (3) intraoperatively for surgical procedures such BT shunt placement or 1-lung ventilation, and (4) during ECMO. In the 19 patients with respiratory failure, NO resulted in an increase in oxygenation in 15 of 19 patients (Pao2/Fio2 ratio increased from 83 ± 60 mm Hg to 188 ± 105 mm Hg, P = 0.0007). In 4 patients, NO did not improve oxygenation. The 15 patients that responded to NO survived, whereas the 4 patients who did not respond died (P = 0.0003). NO was used to treat pulmonary hypertension in 19 patients following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and surgery for CHD. In 13 of 19 patients, a high pulmonary artery (PA) pressure was documented by direct measurement with a needle inserted into the PA while the chest was open (n = 9) or a postoperative transthoracic PA catheter (n = 4). NO resulted in a decrease in the PA pressure in 9 of 13 patients (37 ± 5 mm Hg to 21 ± 3 mm Hg, P < 0.0001). In the one patient in whom NO did not lower intraoperative PA pressure, it was not possible to wean from CPB. For the 10 patients in whom NO was started in the PICU, 4 had PA catheters in place and documented elevated PA pressure. NO resulted in a significant decrease in the PA pressure in only 1 of these 4 patients. The survival of responders was 9 of 9 versus 1 of 4 for nonresponders (P = 0.014). No significant adverse effects requiring therapy other than decreasing the inhaled NO concentration were noted. Potential interventions and practices to limit the unwarranted use of this costly agent are discussed.
Do Fears of Malpractice Litigation Influence Teaching Behaviors?

Background : Medical malpractice is prominently positioned in the consciousness of American physicians, and the perceived threat of malpractice litigation may push physicians to practice defensively and alter their teaching behaviors. Purpose : The purposes of this study were to characterize the attitudes of academic medical faculty toward malpractice litigation and to identify teaching behaviors associated with fear of malpractice litigation. Methods : We surveyed 270 full-time clinically active physicians in the Department of Medicine at a large academic medical center. The survey assessed physicians' attitudes toward malpractice issues, fear of malpractice litigation, and self-reported teaching behaviors associated with concerns about litigation. Results: Two hundred and fifteen physicians responded (80%). Faculty scored an average of 25.5 ± 6.9 (range = 6–42, higher scores indicate greater fear) on a reliable malpractice fear scale. Younger age (Spearman's ρ = 0.19, p = .02) and greater time spent in clinical activities (ρ = 0.26, p < .001) were correlated with higher scores on the Malpractice Fear Scale. Faculty reported that because of the perceived prevalence of lawsuits and claims made against physicians, they spend more time writing clinical notes for patients seen by learners (74%), give learners less autonomy in patient care (44%), and limit opportunities for learners to perform clinical procedures (32%) and deliver bad news to patients (33%). Faculty with higher levels of fear on the Malpractice Fear Scale were more likely to report changing their teaching behaviors because of this perceived threat (ρ = 0.38, p < .001). Conclusions: Physicians report changes in teaching behaviors because of concerns about malpractice litigation. Although concerns about malpractice may promote increased supervision and positive role modeling, they may also limit important educational opportunities for learners. These results may serve to heighten awareness to the fact that teaching behaviors and decisions may be influenced by the malpractice climate.
From Conflict to Compromise: The Importance of Mediation in Swedish Work Stoppages 1907-1927

Institutions for prevention and resolution of industrial conflicts were introduced all over the world in the early twentieth century. We use a new dataset of geocoded strikes and lockouts to analyze the impact of mediation on conflict outcomes in Sweden for the period 1907–1927. Causality is identified by using the distance from the mediator’s place of residence to the conflict as an instrument. Despite the mediators’ limited authority we find that their involvement in a conflict resulted in about 30 percent higher probability of a compromise. The results add support to institutionalist accounts of the origins of the Swedish Model.
UAP56 levels affect viability and mRNA export in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Expression of a gfp transgene in the intestines of living Caenorhabditis elegans has been measured following depletion by RNAi of a variety of known splicing factors and mRNA export proteins. Reduction of most splicing factors showed only a small effect on expression of the transgene in the animal injected with dsRNA, although most of these RNAi's resulted in embryonic lethality in their offspring. In contrast, RNAi of nxf-1, the worm homolog of mammalian NXF1/TAP, a key component of the mRNA export machinery, resulted in dramatic suppression of GFP expression in the injected animals. When we tested other proteins previously reported to be involved in marking mRNAs for export, we obtained widely divergent results. Whereas RNAi of the worm REF/Aly homologs had no obvious effect, either in the injected animals or their offspring, RNAi of UAP56, reported to be the partner of REF/Aly, resulted in strong suppression of GFP expression due to nuclear retention of its mRNA. Overexpression of UAP56 also resulted in rapid loss of GFP expression and lethality at all stages of development. We conclude that UAP56 plays a key role in mRNA export in C. elegans, but that REF/Aly may not. It also appears that some RNA processing factors are required for viability (e.g., U2AF, PUF60, SRp54, SAP49, PRP8, U1-70K), whereas others are not (e.g., U2A', CstF50).
CG methylated microarrays identify a novel methylated sequence bound by the CEBPB|ATF4 heterodimer that is active in vivo

To evaluate the effect of CG methylation on DNA binding of sequence-specific B-ZIP transcription factors (TFs) in a high-throughput manner, we enzymatically methylated the cytosine in the CG dinucleotide on protein binding microarrays. Two Agilent DNA array designs were used. One contained 40,000 features using de Bruijn sequences where each 8-mer occurs 32 times in various positions in the DNA sequence. The second contained 180,000 features with each CG containing 8-mer occurring three times. The first design was better for identification of binding motifs, while the second was better for quantification. Using this novel technology, we show that CG methylation enhanced binding for CEBPA and CEBPB and inhibited binding for CREB, ATF4, JUN, JUND, CEBPD, and CEBPG. The CEBPB|ATF4 heterodimer bound a novel motif CGAT|GCAA 10-fold better when methylated. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed these results. CEBPB ChIP-seq data using primary female mouse dermal fibroblasts with 50× methylome coverage for each strand indicate that the methylated sequences well-bound on the arrays are also bound in vivo. CEBPB bound 39% of the methylated canonical 10-mers ATTGC|GCAAT in the mouse genome. After ATF4 protein induction by thapsigargin which results in ER stress, CEBPB binds methylated CGAT|GCAA in vivo, recapitulating what was observed on the arrays. This methodology can be used to identify new methylated DNA sequences preferentially bound by TFs, which may be functional in vivo.
Altered circadian rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate in non-hemodialysis chronic renal failure.

The extended use of ambulatory monitoring has permitted the identification of many conditions in which the circadian rhythm of blood pressure is altered. The common denominator seems to be an impairment of the autonomic nervous system function. We examined whether the circadian blood pressure rhythm is altered in chronic renal failure (where autonomic dysfunction is usually present) by using a standardized chronobiological inferential statistical method in hospitalized subjects. For this purpose, a group of 30 non-hemodialysis hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure was compared with a second group of 30 patients affected by uncomplicated mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. The two groups were matched by age, sex and circadian mesors of blood pressure. Diet, meal times, sleep, and activity logs were standardized. Blood pressure and heart rate recordings were obtained by using an automatic oscillometric recorder and subsequently analyzed according to the cosinor method. A mean circadian rhythm of blood pressure was documented in both groups, but while the mean acrophases occurred between 2 and 3 p.m. in essential hypertension, in renal failure they were between 11 p.m. and midnight for blood pressure and around 7 p.m. for heart rate. In addition, the mean circadian amplitudes were significantly lower in renal failure, while the mean circadian mesor of heart rate was significantly higher. Our data demonstrate that the circadian rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate are altered also in hypertension due to chronic renal failure.
Affect‐specific modulation of the N1m to shock‐conditioned tones: magnetoencephalographic correlates

Despite its fundamental relevance for representing the emotional world surrounding us, human affective neuroscience research has widely neglected the auditory system, at least in comparison to the visual domain. Here, we have investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of human affective auditory processing using time‐sensitive whole‐head magnetoencephalography. A novel and highly challenging affective associative learning procedure, ‘MultiCS conditioning’, involving multiple conditioned stimuli (CS) per affective category, was adopted to test whether previous findings from intramodal conditioning of multiple click‐tones with an equal number of auditory emotional scenes (Bröckelmann et al., 2011 J. Neurosci., 31, 7801) would generalise to crossmodal conditioning of multiple click‐tones with an electric shock as single aversive somatosensory unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Event‐related magnetic fields were recorded in response to 40 click‐tones before and after four contingent pairings of 20 CS with a shock and the other half remaining unpaired. In line with previous findings from intramodal MultiCS conditioning we found an affect‐specific modulation of the auditory N1m component 100–150 ms post‐stimulus within a distributed frontal–temporal–parietal neural network. Increased activation for shock‐associated tones was lateralised to right‐hemispheric regions, whereas unpaired safety‐signalling tones were preferentially processed in the left hemisphere. Participants did not show explicit awareness of the contingent CS–UCS relationship, yet behavioural conditioning effects were indicated on an indirect measure of stimulus valence. Our findings imply converging evidence for a rapid and highly differentiating affect‐specific modulation of the auditory N1m after intramodal as well crossmodal MultiCS conditioning and a correspondence of the modulating impact of emotional attention on early affective processing in vision and audition.
Government Expenditure and Private Sector Growth in Saudi Arabia: A Markov Switching Model Analysis

This paper investigates the relationship between government expenditure and non-oil private GDP in Saudi Arabia over the period 1970-2015, using a Markov Switching Autoregressive Model (MSAR)-which captures the dynamic pattern of time series and allows us to test the impact of government expenditure on GDP growth in finite unobserved states of the economy. The study results show that the growth effects of contemporaneous government consumption expenditure and government fixed capital formation expenditure are found to be negative only in the low (recessionary) state of the economy. This could be explained by the crowding out effect that exists only in recessionary periods. On the other hand, the disaggregated government expenditure model indicates that defence and security expenditure is estimated to have the expected negative and significant impact on non-oil private GDP growth, but only in the low state. In addition, out of the three highest government civil items of expenditure, human resources development is found to have a positive and significant growth effect in both states of the economy, while the growth effect of the other two types (health and economic development expenditure) is found to be insignificant in the low state. This insignificant growth effect of some types of government expenditure in the low state of non-oil private GDP could be explained by the procyclical nature of government expenditure because of the excessive dependency on oil revenues.
Early clinical manifestations, disease activity and damage of systemic lupus erythematosus among two distinct US Hispanic subpopulations.

OBJECTIVES To compare the baseline clinical manifestations, immunological features, disease activity and damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients from two US Hispanic subgroups. METHODS A total of 105 Hispanic SLE patients from Texas (a population of Mexican or Central American ancestry) and 81 from the island of Puerto Rico (all Puerto Ricans) participating in a longitudinal study of outcome were examined. The socio-economic/demographic, clinical and immunological variables were obtained at the time of enrollment (T(0)). Disease activity was determined with the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM), and disease damage with the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Damage Index (SDI). Disease activity was also determined at the time of diagnosis (T(D)). RESULTS At T(0) Hispanics from Texas were younger than those from Puerto Rico (33.1 +/- 12.0 vs 37.5 +/- 11.6 yr, P = 0.0125). Both groups were similar with regard to gender distribution (92.4 vs 95.1% females) and disease duration (1.4 +/- 1.4 vs 1.7 +/- 1.3 yr). Hispanics from Texas were more likely to have serositis (60.0 vs 8.6%, P < 0.0001), renal involvement (41.0 vs 13.6%, P < 0.0001), psychosis (5.7 vs 0.0%, P = 0.0365) and thrombocytopenia (21.0 vs 3.7%, P = 0.0006). On the other hand, Hispanics from Puerto Rico were more likely to have photosensitivity (81.5 vs 41.0%, P < 0.0001), malar rash (65.4 vs 45.7%, P = 0.0074) and discoid rash (13.6 vs 2.9%, P = 0.0060). At baseline, the presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies was higher in Hispanics from Texas (69.5% vs 46.9%, P = 0.0018) while anti-Ro antibodies were more frequent in Hispanics from Puerto Rico (24.7 vs 11.4%, P = 0.0175). Mean SLAM scores at T(D) (12.9 +/- 6.4 vs 9.1 +/- 4.6, P < 0.0001) and T(0) (10.9 +/- 6.3 vs 6.6 +/- 3.8, P < 0.0001) were significantly higher in Hispanics from Texas. Similarly, mean SDI scores at T(0) were higher in Hispanics from Texas (0.67 +/- 1.08 vs 0.26 +/- 0.54, P = 0.0026). By stepwise Poisson regression, SDI scores were associated with older age, disease activity and ethnicity (Hispanics from Texas). CONCLUSIONS Early in SLE, marked differences are observed between Hispanics from Texas and Puerto Rico. Higher disease activity, more major organ involvement, higher frequency of anti-dsDNA antibodies and more damage accrual occur in Hispanic lupus patients from Texas than in those from Puerto Rico.
Steady discharges of macaque retinal ganglion cells

Abstract Steady discharges were collected from ganglion cells of the magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) pathways of the macaque while their receptive fields were uniformly illuminated with a 4.7-deg steady yellow light of photopic illuminance. The mean rates, coefficients of variation, interval distributions, serial correlation coefficients, and power spectra of these discharges were determined. The results presented permit one to estimate the noise power in the discharges of macaque ganglion cells and hence determine how visual signals of different amplitudes will be affected by the noise resident in their discharges. Although there was some small serial correlation in the discharges of both MC- and PC-pathway cells, their discharges can be considered to result from renewal processes with reasonable accuracy. As with the discharges of cat ganglion cells, macaque ganglion cell discharges can be considered to have approximately gamma-distributed intervals. Steady discharges of MC- and PC-pathway cells show considerable overlap in their statistics, although small but significant differences are present.