Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of debris cover on glacier ablation and atmosphere-glacier feedbacks in the Karakoram

Abstract. The Karakoram range of the Hindu-Kush Himalaya is characterized by both extensive glaciation and a widespread prevalence of surficial debris cover on the glaciers. Surface debris exerts a strong control on glacier surface-energy and mass fluxes and, by modifying surface boundary conditions, has the potential to alter atmosphere–glacier feedbacks. To date, the influence of debris on Karakoram glaciers has only been directly assessed by a small number of glaciological measurements over short periods. Here, we include supraglacial debris in a high-resolution, interactively coupled atmosphere–glacier modeling system. To investigate glaciological and meteorological changes that arise due to the presence of debris, we perform two simulations using the coupled model from 1 May to 1 October 2004: one that treats all glacier surfaces as debris-free and one that introduces a simplified specification for the debris thickness. The basin-averaged impact of debris is a reduction in ablation of ~ 14 %, although the difference exceeds 5 m w.e. on the lowest-altitude glacier tongues. The relatively modest reduction in basin-mean mass loss results in part from non-negligible sub-debris melt rates under thicker covers and from compensating increases in melt under thinner debris, and may help to explain the lack of distinct differences in recent elevation changes between clean and debris-covered ice. The presence of debris also strongly alters the surface boundary condition and thus heat exchanges with the atmosphere; near-surface meteorological fields at lower elevations and their vertical gradients; and the atmospheric boundary layer development. These findings are relevant for glacio-hydrological studies on debris-covered glaciers and contribute towards an improved understanding of glacier behavior in the Karakoram.
A Theoretical Study of the Compensating Downward Motions Associated with Cumulus Clouds

Abstract An attempt is made to investigate theoretically the controlling influence of compensating downward motions on the development of cumulus clouds and the size of the cloudless areas associated with them. The model consists of two circular concentric air columns, the inside column corresponding to the updraft (cloud) region and the outside concentric annular column to the downward motion region. The combined cell is surrounded by the atmospheric at rest. The governing equations of both the updraft and the compensating downward motion are derived from the conservation equations of momentum, heat, moisture and mass. The differential equations are solved numerically to compute the vertical velocity, temperature, specific humidity and liquid water content in and out of the cloud as functions of height and time. Two experiments were performed with and without the effect of compensating downward motion. The main conclusions are the following: Without the effect of the compensating motion, the structure of.
The Protective Effect of Honey Against Amikacin- induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Drug –induced nephrotoxicity is an important cause of renal failure. Aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as amikacin, which causes ototoxicity and nephrtotoxicity as a main side effects, this is focused on the use of natural materials as antioxidants against the toxic oxidative action that exert a cell damaging effect. The most important one of these materials is the honey. The aim of this work is to evaluate the antioxidant effects of honey against amikacin – induced nephrotoxicity.18 albino rats divided into 3 groups (6 rats per each group), group 1 received I.P daily dose of normal saline (control), group 2 received (35 mg/kg/day) I.P dose of amikacin ,and group 3 received (35mg/kg/day) of amikacin I.P dose in combination with oral dose of honey(500mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. All animals (at 15 th day) were anesthetized by ether and sacrificed; blood samples were collected for the subsequent measurement of the serum creatinine, urea, malneldehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) while an isolated kidney was kept in 10 % of formaldehyde for the histopathological examination. This study showed that amikacin causes nephrotoxicity represented by elevation of serum level of creatinine and urea, MDA and a decrease in the serum glutathione level. While the administration of honey in combination with amikacin reduced the nephro-toxic effect of amikacin that represented by a reduction of the serum creatinine and urea, MDA and elevation of glutathione levels with improvement of the kidney histological findings in comparison with group 2.This study concluded that, honey decreased nephrotoxicity induced by amikacin through interference with the oxidative stress process, i.e. honey acts as free radical scavenger.
IN VITRO POLLEN GERMINATION OF FIVE CITRUS SPECIES

The aim of present study is In vitro germination of the pollen grains of five Citrus species belonging to the family Rutaceae viz., Citrus aurantium L. var. , aurantium Hook.f. , C. limon (L.) Brum. f. , C. paradisii Macfad, C. reticulata Blanco and C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck. using “hanging drop” technique. The germination was checked up to 48 weeks, for the pollen stored at different temperatures like 4oC, -20oC, -30oC and -60oC. The study indicates that low temperature and low relative humidity is better than high temperature and humidity with respect to pollen germination capacity and viability. Freeze dryer (-60oC) seems to be the best method to maintain pollen viability of stored pollen grains for a long period of time. Among five species Citrus aurantium, C. limon and C. sinensis showed high percentage of germination as compared to C. reticulata and C. paradisii.
A Balanced Approach to the Teaching of Intermediate-Level Writing Skills to EFL Students

By analyzing the shortcomings of the traditional approach and the drawbacks of the modern approach, the author attempts to explore a better way for the teaching of intermediate-level writing skills to EFL students. Taking into account all of the factors which are involved in good writing, the author puts forward a balanced approach to such teaching and provides some principles and techniques for the classroom procedures in which the balanced approach is applied.
Culture of school improvement: Exploring its existence and effectiveness

This study seeks to investigate the existence and effectiveness of various forms of culture of school improvement in a secondary school. This school was selected as, it was labelled as a low performing school. Quantitative research design was employed for this study. The teachers were the participants, who voluntarily completed the School Cultural Elements Questionnaire. The findings suggested that out of six, culture of school improvement, only two existed and were positive. The other four did not exist or were very weak. The outcome could be helpful for the administrators of school for uplifting their school culture. There are limitations associated with the finding, as this study just concentrated on a single school, future studies can include more schools from the district.
Bubbles and fads in the stock market: another look at the experience of the US.

This paper considers a standard present-value equity price formula where the discount factor is driven by the real return on short-term public debt. We discuss a state-space formulation by which prices can be decomposed into fundamental and non-fundamental components. The model is estimated on annual US data. The stochastic discount factor explains part of the volatility in equity values, but it is not sufficient per se to exclude the occurrence of near-exponential bubbles in the price-dividend ratio. These disappear if the dividend is replaced by a broader measure of the income flow generated by the firms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo imaging of the mitochondrial life-cycle in zebrafish

Mitochondria are important organelles which produce the majority of cellular ATP. Proper functioning and distribution of mitochondria are critical for neuronal cells due to their size and complex geometry. In my thesis I developed tools to study mitochondrial dynamics in vivo in zebrafish, a genetically and optically accessible vertebrate. These properties of zebrafish enabled me to characterize axonal transport of mitochondria in both physiological and pathological conditions (collaboration with Prof. Christian Haass at LMU, Munich).
Genetic polymorphisms of IGF1, GH, and OPN genes in crosses Peranakan Ongole cattle based on birth type in Central Java

Genetic Polymorphisms of IGF1, GH, and OPN Genes in Crossbred of Peranakan Ongole Cattle Based on Birth Type in Central Java. Improved productivity by crossing Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle to exotic beef cattle through AI mating is preferred by many farmers in Central Java. Fertility determines the ability of a cow to give birth. IGF1 gene is predicted to affect either twin or multiple births in cattle, whereas GH and OPN genes determine reproductive fertility. Genetic polymorphisms of these three genes were studied in the crossbred of PO cattle for single birth (S) as well as twin and multiple (M) births or their historical (M) ones from two districts in Central Java, from Sragen (S = 7 hd and M = 13 hd.) and from Kendal (S = 9 hd, and M = 16 hd.). Genetic polymorphisms were identified by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism) method using restriction enzymes of Sna BI (IGF1 gene), MSp I (GH gene), and Bsr I (OPN gene). IGF1| Sna BI locus in the observed crossbred PO did not have SNP polymorphism or monomorphic for single and twins or multiple births. In contrast, GH| MSp I and OPN| Bsr I loci were polymorphic with quite a high degree of diversity. In conclusion, the IGF1| Sna BI locus cannot be used to investigate possible genetic control of twins and multiple births, whilst GH| MSp I and OPN| Bsr I polymorphisms can be considered as initial information for selection on fertility traits in beef cattle.
Mindfulness and Narrative: Connecting Experience and Story

Autobiographical narrative is the verbal summary of an individual's personal history. The quality of autobiographical narrative has been found to correlate with both emotional wellbeing (Oppenheim et al., 1997; Baerger & McAdams, 1999) and quality of social relationships (Van IJzendoorn, 1995; Shields et. al., 2001), and yet little has been done to examine other predictors or causes of narrative quality. Mindfulness training could potentially be a promising method of narrative enhancement. Mindfulness is the nonjudgmental, open awareness of what is currently occurring in the self and in the environment. Mindfulness is likely to promote open, objective awareness of new information and non-biased accommodation of existing schemas and narratives to new information. A similar prediction was recently made by Bishop et al. (2004). In their recent operationalization of mindfulness, they hypothesized that mindfulness practice leads to increased understanding of the subjectivity and limitations of one's own cognitive processes. They called for the use of coding procedures to assess the complexity of cognitive representations in self-narrative to test this hypothesis. This study confirmed this hypothesis by demonstrating a positive relationship between mindfulness, as measured by the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003) and narrative richness as coded according to Castle bury & Wahler's (1997) autobiographical narrative coding system. This indicates that mindful people typically generate more complex and detailed narratives. In addition the relationship between mindfulness and narrative coherence (Castlebury & Wahler, 1997) was also examined and a negative correlation was found suggesting that mindful people
OPTIMIZING THE SUCCESS OF AUSTROVENUS STUTCHBURYI RESTORATION: PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS IN A NEW ZEALAND ESTUARY

Abstract Degradation of coastal habitats can result in loss or depletion of valued vegetation, fish, and shellfish stocks. Consequently, there are many initiatives to protect and restore these areas or populations to their previous state. Here we describe a study designed to provide necessary information on dispersal, mortality and growth rates of transplanted adult (25–32-mm shell length) cockles, Austrovenus stutchburyi (Gray) with which to evaluate the density of transplants and need for predation protection that should be used in larger-scale projects. Marked Austrovenus were transplanted at high (75 ind) and low (20 ind) densities, at two sites on an intertidal sandflat. To distinguish between epibenthic predator-associated mortality, other mortality and natural dispersal, caged and uncaged plots (30 × 30 cm) were used. Around 30% of the adult Austrovenus transplanted remained in the plots 12 mo later, and abundances were enhanced relative to pretransplant ambient densities. Death rates increased in later months and were significantly higher for Austrovenus kept at high densities in cages. There was no effect of caging on plot sediment characteristics, no obvious targeting of the plots by predators and no size-dependency of the deaths. However, being caged at high densities appeared to act as a stressor that rendered Austrovenus less able to cope with the extreme environmental conditions that occurred in later months. Growth rates were low over the 12-mo trial (<0.2 cm mo−1), did not differ significantly with site, transplant density, or the presence/absence of cages. Results indicate adult Austrovenus should be transplanted at densities intermediate between those used here and that caging is unnecessary. Our observations of dispersal of cockles out of the uncaged plots suggest that future trials should investigate transplanting cockles in patches within larger areas than the plots used here.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND HAPPINESS: EVIDENCE FROM 32 NATIONS

Drawing on reference group, relative deprivation, conspicuous consumption and hierarchy of needs theories, this paper tests the hypothesis that goods (material and other) bring more satisfaction if few other people have them. We test this hypothesis by estimating the effect of education and income on happiness in large representative national samples from 32 nations at various levels of economic development. The results indicate that, net of individuals' socio-demographic characteristics and country's level of development, the higher the average education in a given society, the smaller the gain from advanced education on individuals' happiness. Similarly, the richer the society, the less do gains in family income confer gains in individuals' happiness. Thus, the more that goods such as education and income diffuse through a society, the less they enhance people's subjective well-being. However, the nation's level of economic development has a strong, independent positive effect on well-being. Taken together, the quantitative implication of these patterns is that economic growth enhances well-being, especially for poor people, and more so in poor nations than in rich nations.
Acidity of Silica-Alumina Catalysts By Amine Titration Using Hammett Indicators and FT-IR Study of Pyridine Adsorption

In this study, characterization and surface acidity of Siral (SiO2-Al2O3) compounds were investigated with Hammett acidity functions, the n-butylamine titration method and FTIR analysis of the spectra of pyridine adsorption. All the samples had an acid strength of H0\leq+2.8. The calculated total amount of acid of the samples increased with the increase in SiO2 content up to Siral 40 and then decreased sharply in the case of Siral 80. Maximum amount of acidity was observed in the case of Siral 40 as 1.37mmole/g. No evidence was found for a band at 1540 cm-1 on Pural indicating that there were no Bronsted sites on the surface strong enough to react with pyridine. As a result, we can say that the Lewis sites predominate in all the silica-aluminas.
Production of phytase by acido-thermophilic strain of Klebsiella sp. DB-3 FJ711774.1 using orange peel flour under submerged fermentation.

Phytase producingstrain ofKlebsiella sp . DB-3 FJ711774.1was isolatedfrompoultry field soil . The bacteriaproduced extracellular phytase under sub merged fermentation (Smf) using orange peel and other agro -residuesas nutritive substrates. Among different substrates, orange peel flourand wheat bran (2% w/v)provide amaximal yield of productionof phytasei.e. ,3.15and2. 41 U/mlrespectivelywhen Smf was carried outby using fermentative media supplemented with0.2% sucrose, 0.1%NH 4H2PO4; inoculated with 1.5 % cell suspension24hage and then, incubated at50 o C for 72 h.As such, there is no report of phytase production byusing orange peel as substrate. The phytate biosynthesis by bacteria cultivation on medium based on orange peel flour was accompanied by the liberation of soluble phosphatewithout any extra supplementation of metal ions . Based on these results the use agro residues in the form of orange peelflourcouldbe one of the best and cost effective alternativethe costly pure phytate for industrial production o fphytaseusing selected strain of Klebsiellaspp.
The effect of emotion on witness suggestibility

When witnesses are exposed to highly stressful and emotional events, the result is often increased arousal and a change in the pattern of attention. Both of these factors are likely to impact witnesses’ memory for the event. In addition, witnesses are often exposed to postevent information from a variety of sources (e.g., investigators, other witnesses, media reports). The goal of the present study was to explore, in the context of the eyewitness suggestibility paradigm, the impact of emotional arousal and attentional focus on event memory and the incidence of eyewitness suggestibility. A secondary goal of this study was to explore the possible relationship between emotional arousal and individual differences in people’s experience of, and reaction to, this arousal (Affect Intensity). The results revealed that emotional manipulation had an impact on subjects’ memory for the event; emotion Ss recognized more event only items but only in the arousal phase of the slide sequence. The result also indicated that emotion Ss were more likely to misattribute post-event information to the event than were the neutral event subjects. Finally, the results showed that the magnitude of the suggestibility effect was significantly larger for emotional event subjects. The present study provides some empirical support that emotional arousal can have both positive and negative consequences on memory for the event. There was no support for the role of attentional focus and personality dimension of affect intensity on eyewitness performance.
Two Years Follow up Evaluating Progression of Ectasia for Keratoconus Patients Treated with Simultaneous Topography - Guided PRK Plus Cross Linking

This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of simultaneous topography-guided PRK plus cross linking for patients with mild to moderate keratoconus and to evaluate the stability of the cone. The patients were evaluated over two years for the progression and stability of the cone by the Allegro Pentacam Oculyzer to assess the changes of corneal curvatures (K readings) and the stability of the cone after the surgery and evaluating uncorrected distance (UDVA) and best corrected (CDVA) visual acuities. The follow-up results showed that UDVA improved from 0.4±0.3 to 0.7±0.1 and CDVA changed from 0.6±0.1 to 0.8±0.1 (P < 0.001). The keratometry value decreased from 44.1±2.2 to 41.4±1.6 D for K1, and from 46.4±2.6 to 43.5±1.7 for K2 (P < 0.001). This combined procedure offers a promising method to stabilize the corneal surface with reducing higher order aberrations so enhancing quality of vision in keratoconus patients.
Strengthening the teaching self-efficacy of early career academics

This article reports on a qualitative study exploring teaching self-efficacy (defined as a belief in capability to execute teaching-related tasks) in a higher education context. It is based on the views of 12 early career academics (ECAs) employed at Charles Sturt University who were interviewed to learn more about how their teaching self-efficacy was developed and what strengthened, or impeded, this development. The interview data were examined using a thematic analysis and four themes emerged from that analysis. The themes were labelled experience, feedback and self-reflection, support from colleagues, and professional learning and are discussed in detail. The discussion is underpinned by social cognition theory and underscores how self-efficacy interacts with other personal, behaviour, and environmental factors. The article concludes by considering the implications of the results for those designing professional learning activities for ECAs, and suggesting possible avenues for future related research.
Paleoceanography and ice sheet variability offshore Wilkes Land, Antarctica – Part 1: Insights from late Oligocene astronomically paced contourite sedimentation

Abstract. Antarctic ice sheet and Southern Ocean paleoceanographic configurations during the late Oligocene are not well resolved. They are however important to understand the influence of high-latitude Southern Hemisphere feedbacks on global climate under CO2 scenarios (between 400 and 750 ppm) projected by the IPCC for this century, assuming unabated CO2 emissions. Sediments recovered by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) at Site U1356, offshore of the Wilkes Land margin in East Antarctica, provide an opportunity to study ice sheet and paleoceanographic configurations during the late Oligocene (26–25 Ma). Our study, based on a combination of sediment facies analysis, magnetic susceptibility, density, and X-ray fluorescence geochemical data, shows that glacial and interglacial sediments are continuously reworked by bottom currents, with maximum velocities occurring during the interglacial periods. Glacial sediments record poorly ventilated, low-oxygenation bottom water conditions, interpreted as resulting from a northward shift of westerly winds and surface oceanic fronts. Interglacial sediments record more oxygenated and ventilated bottom water conditions and strong current velocities, which suggests enhanced mixing of the water masses as a result of a southward shift of the polar front. Intervals with preserved carbonated nannofossils within some of the interglacial facies are interpreted as forming under warmer paleoclimatic conditions when less corrosive warmer northern component water (e.g., North Atlantic sourced deep water) had a greater influence on the site. Spectral analysis on the late Oligocene sediment interval shows that the glacial–interglacial cyclicity and related displacements of the Southern Ocean frontal systems between 26 and 25 Ma were forced mainly by obliquity. The paucity of iceberg-rafted debris (IRD) throughout the studied interval contrasts with earlier Oligocene and post-Miocene Climate Optimum sections from Site U1356 and with late Oligocene strata from the Ross Sea, which contain IRD and evidence for coastal glaciers and sea ice. These observations, supported by elevated sea surface paleotemperatures, the absence of sea ice, and reconstructions of fossil pollen between 26 and 25 Ma at Site U1356, suggest that open-ocean water conditions prevailed. Combined, this evidence suggests that glaciers or ice caps likely occupied the topographic highs and lowlands of the now marine Wilkes Subglacial Basin (WSB). Unlike today, the continental shelf was not overdeepened and thus ice sheets in the WSB were likely land-based, and marine-based ice sheet expansion was likely limited to coastal regions.