Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF OVINE INTESTINAL ADENOMAS IN BASRAH ABATTOIR

In order to investigate the histopathological features of ovine intestinal adenomas, the study achieved in 27 macroscopically suspected intestinal adenomas of sheep aged between 2-3 years, which diagnosed in Basrah abattoir, the intestines of slaughtered sheep were fixed and processed for light microscopy. The histopathological results showed multiple stages of neoplastic differentiation, mainly circumscribed areas suggesting adenomatous form by proliferating mucous glands in sub mucosal region of colon of varying sizes, some of which with clear proliferating hypertrophic and hyperplastic epithelial lining with area of angiogenesis and hemorrhage around them. Morever, the results showed circumscribed areas of adenomatous glandular structures enclosed by superficial mucosal epithelium and in sub mucosal region of rectum. It had been concluded that the ovine intestinal adenomas showed a degree of differentiation in mid aged sheep (2-3 years old aged) that may resembles other adenomatous intestinal lesions reported in more older age of others domestic animals.
Elevated methylation of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B contributes to the risk of coronary heart disease in women

Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (CDKN2B) encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that may enhance the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of CDKN2B promoter methylation on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The present results indicated a significant association between increased CDKN2B methylation and the risk of CHD (adjusted P=0.043). A breakdown analysis according to sex demonstrated that CDKN2B methylation was significantly associated with the risk of CHD in women (adjusted P=0.010), but not in men. A further breakdown analysis by age indicated a significant association of CHD in the women >60 years (P=0.024). Luciferase reporter gene assay results indicated that the CDKN2B promoter fragment significantly enhanced luciferase activity (P<0.001). In addition, CDKN2B transcription was significantly enhanced following treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine methylation inhibitor in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and human primary coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HPCASMC; P<0.05 and P<0.01), but not in 293 cells. Notably, estrogen treatment reduced CDKN2B methylation of several CpGs and significantly increased CDKN2B gene expression levels in HAEC, HPCASMC and 293 cells (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Additionally, treatment of HAEC and HPCASMC with simvastatin and γ-carboxy-L-glutamic acid reduced CDKN2B promoter methylation and increased CDKN2B transcription concomitantly. The present study suggests that CDKN2B promoter methylation may be associated with sex dimorphism in the pathogenesis of CHD.
A Global Economy Analysis of Weak Crossover

Reinhart (1993a,b), developing work by Golan (1993), argues that this condition, the "shortest link" condition, should be relativized to interpretation. This relativization does not apply to all economy effects, such as the "skipped landingposition" condition or other economy conditions (cf. Chomsky 1992:(9)), but just to "global economy" effects, which involve a violation of the shortest link condition. The proper formulation of global economy of this type should state that one convergent derivation blocks another, if it has shorter links, and results in an interpretively equivalent LF representation. Derivations resulting in non-equivalent LFs are not compared, hence cannot block each other. Superiority, as in (1), is an example of a shortest link violation:
Pore formation during dehydration of polycrystalline gypsum observed and quantified in a time-series synchrotron radiation based X-ray micro-tomography experiment

We conducted an in-situ X-ray micro-computed tomography heating experiment at the Advanced Photon Source (USA) to dehydrate an unconfined 2.3 mm diameter cylinder of Volterra Gypsum. We used a purpose-built X-ray transparent furnace to heat the sample to 388 K for a total of 310 min to acquire a three-dimensional time-series tomography dataset comprising nine time steps. The voxel size of 2.2 μm3 proved sufficient to pinpoint reaction initiation and the organization of drainage architecture in space and time. We observed that dehydration commences across a narrow front, which propagates from the margins to the centre of the sample in more than four hours. The advance of this front can be fitted with a square-root function, implying that the initiation of the reaction in the sample can be described as a diffusion process. Novel parallelized computer codes allow quantifying the geometry of the porosity and the drainage architecture from the very large tomographic datasets (20483 voxels) in unprecedented detail. We determined position, volume, shape and orientation of each resolvable pore and tracked these properties over the duration of the experiment. We found that the pore-size distribution follows a power law. Pores tend to be anisotropic but rarely crack-shaped and have a preferred orientation, likely controlled by a pre-existing fabric in the sample. With on-going dehydration, pores coalesce into a single interconnected pore cluster that is connected to the surface of the sample cylinder and provides an effective drainage pathway. Our observations can be summarized in a model in which gypsum is stabilized by thermal expansion stresses and locally increased pore fluid pressures until the dehydration front approaches to within about 100 μm. Then, the internal stresses are released and dehydration happens efficiently, resulting in new pore space. Pressure release, the production of pores and the advance of the front are coupled in a feedback loop.
Structural and chemical variations in rathite, Pb8Pb4—x(Tl2As2)x(Ag2As2)As16S40: modulations of a parent structure

Abstract Members of the 4,4 sartorite homologues can be deduced from a topological parent structure with orthorhombic symmetry, space group Pmnb, a = 4.233, b = 7.918, c = 24.692 Å. The observed modulations in 4,4 sartorite homologues are associated with symmetry lowering of the parent structure and superstructure formation. The Pb, Tl, Ag, As, Sb sulfosalt rathite is a 4,4 member of the sartorite homologous series with space group symmetry P21/c and is isostructural to synthetic Ba12Sb18.64S40 and closely related to Ba10.48Pb5. 52Sb16S40 of reduced symmetry P21. In these structures the two-fold screw axes run parallel to b of the parent structure. Isotopological is also dufrénoysite Pb16As16S40, another 4,4 homologue of the same series, of space group symmetry P21. In dufrénoysite, however, the two-fold screw axes run parallel to c of the parent structure. To elucidate the modulation of the parent structure, rathite has been structurally and chemically reinvestigated emphasising cation order/disorder relations. Single crystal X-ray structure refinement (space group P21/c; a = 8.496(1), b = 7.969(1), c = 25.122(3) Å, β = 100.704(2)°; R1 = 3.67% for 2718 reflections with I > 2σ[I]) yielded three split cation positions indicating heterovalent substitutions. Considering that isoelectronic Pb2+ and Tl+ cannot be distinguished in our diffraction experiment the chemical composition (Pb9.25Tl1.37)Σ=10.62Ag2. 01(As19.09Sb0.83)Σ=19.92S40 derived from electron microprobe analyses matches the formula Pb10.96Ag1. 90(As18.09Sb1.06)Σ=19.15S40 obtained from the structure refinement. The complex composition is caused by two independent heterovalent substitutions Ag+ + As3+ → 2 Pb2+ and Tl+ + As3+ → 2 Pb2+ leading to the simplified rathite formula Pb8Pb4–x(Tl2As2)x(Ag2As2)As16S40. The substitution involving Ag seems to be essential for the formation of rathite and distinguishes rathite from dufrénoysite Pb16As16S40. The Tl substitution in rathite appears to be optional. In addition, minor Sb3+ may replace As3+.
The Patterns of some Inflammatory Cytokines, Liver Enzymes, and Oxidative Markers Circulating amongst Prolonged Cigarette Smokers

Objective(s): The present study was designed to provide additional information on the levels of cytokine responses, endothelial injury, and oxidative stress responses during prolonged cigarette smoking using the serum levels of interleukin-1β, IL-10, CRP, liver enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphates), creatine kinase-MB, troponin T and malondialdehyde (MDA) on prolonged smokers. Materials and methods: A total of 204 subjects within the ages of 18 and 55 years were randomly studied. Among these were 95 smokers (smoking at least 6 cigarettes per day for more than 6 months) and 109 nonsmoking individuals from Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital Okada Community. Absolute white blood counts were estimated using Sysmex® Automated Hematology Analyzer whereas; IL-1β, IL-10, CRP, MDA, TT, and CK-MB were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Liver enzymes (AST and ALT) were estimated using auto-analyzer. Results: The levels of IL-10, CRP, MDA, CK-MB, TT, liver enzymes, SBP and DBP were significantly elevated in the smokers as compared with the non-smoking subjects whereas; the levels of IL-1β, AGC and ALC were significantly reduced in the smokers as compared with the non-smoking subjects. Conclusion: The levels of IL-1β, AGC and ALC were significantly reduced in prolonged cigarette smokers which is indicative of an inhibitory effect on white blood cells. Prolonged cigarette smoking shift of cytokine responses towards IL-10 pattern which might be a result of an imbalance of the Th1 to Th2 type cytokines. The levels of MDA, CRP, CK-MB, TT and liver enzymes (AST and ALT) could be used as an index to assess the degree of lipid peroxidation in prolonged cigarette smoking.
Sellafield-Derived Anthropogenic 14C in the Marine Intertidal Environment of the NE Irish Sea

The intertidal biota from Parton beach, close to the Sellafield nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, were all found to be enriched in radiocarbon relative to ambient background. The degree of enrichment appears to reflect the positions of the biota in the food chain once the dilution in seaweed from atmospheric uptake is taken into account. Close to the low-water mark, the order was mussels > limpets > anemones winkles > seaweed. The same order was observed close to the high-water mark, except that anemones were absent from this area. The activities in the biogeochemical fractions of the water column reflect the fact that discharges are primarily in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), which is subsequently transferred to the particulate organic carbon (POC) and, to a lesser extent, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and finally, the particulate inorganic carbon (PIC). Analysis of intertidal sediment suggests that there is likely to be a gradual increase in the specific activity of 14C in the inorganic component of this material as Sellafield contaminated organisms die and their shells are ground down by natural processes.
Association between Oxidative DNA Damage, Fruits and Vegetables Intake with Breast Cancer: A Preliminary Study in Klang Valley

A preliminary study was conducted to determine the level of oxidative DNA damage, fruits and vegetables intake among 50 breast cancer patients (cases) as compared to 50 healthy women (controls) with no known medical history of breast cancer in Klang Valley. Both groups were matched for age and ethnicity. Data on socio-demographic, health status and medical history, fruits and vegetables intake, and supplements intake were obtained through an interviewbased questionnaire. Anthropometry measurements included weight, height, and waist and hip circumference were also carried out on subjects. A total of 3mL fasting venous blood was drawn to assess lymphocytes oxidative DNA damage using Alkaline Comet Assay. Results indicated that the mean intake of fruits and vegetables was lower in cases (4.09 ± 1.17 servings/d) than controls (4.77 ± 0.90 servings/d)(p < 0.05) The intake of fruits and vegetables from family groups of solanaceae, myrtaceae, caricaceae, apiaceae, brinjal, rutaceae, broccoli, orange, carrot, watermelon were 0.5 - 1 servings/week significantly higher among controls as compared to cases (p < 0.05 for all parameters). However, the intake of fruits from rosaceae family and apple was higher among controls than cases (p < 0.05). The estimated intake of β-carotene, carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C (p < 0.001), α-carotene and lycopene (p < 0.05) from fruits and vegetables were higher among controls than cases. Mean DNA damage level of cases (4.55 ± 1.78 % DNA in tail, %TD; 0.35 ± 0.21 tail moment, TM) were 3.5 and 3.9 times higher than the value of controls (1.3 ± 0.70% TD; 0.09 ± 0.09 TM) (p < 0.001) and the damage increased with higher values of waist hip ratio (% TD, r = 0.396, p < 0.05; TM, r = 0.349, p < 0.05) and waist circumference (% TD, r = 0.334, p < 0.05; TM, r = 0.360, p < 0.05). There was an inverse relationship between oxidative DNA damage with intake of total fruits and vegetables, cauliflowers and water convolvulus and also consumption from rutaceae and solanaceae families. Similar trend was noted for estimated intake of vitamin A, carotenoids, vitamin C, β-carotene and lycopene. In conclusion, the intake of fruits and vegetables of five servings/d and the consumption of specific families and types of fruits and vegetables might protect against oxidative DNA damage and further reduce breast cancer risk.
Growth and Economic Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed on Graded Levels of Canola Meal with or without Multi-Enzyme Supplementation

Canola meal (CM) is commonly used in poultry diets; however, its use is limited due to anti-nutritive factors. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding various levels of canola meal (CM) with or without multi-enzyme supplement on broiler chickens. Four levels of CM (0, 5, 10 and 20%) were used with or without multi-enzyme (0 or 300 g/ton of diet) in a factorial design 4 × 2 in 8 dietary combinations. During the experimental period (0-42 d of age), inclusion of CM at a level of 5 and 10% without multi-enzyme and at a level of 20% with or without multi-enzyme decreased body weight gain and gain:feed ratio compared to control (CON; P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the final body weight at day 42 of age between the groups. No differences were found in carcass characteristics between treatments. Inclusion of CM in broiler diet decreased serum antibody titer at 42 d of age compared to the control and enzyme-supplemented CM groups (P < 0.05). Inclusion of CM with multi-enzyme supplement decreased serum total cholesterol, total triglyceride and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase compared to CON and enzyme-unsupplemented groups (P < 0.05). Diets supplemented with CM had higher serum creatinine than CON and enzyme-supplemented CM groups (P < 0.05). Lower serum triiodothyronine in broilers fed diet supplemented with 10 or 20% CM was noticed (P < 0.05). CM with multi-enzyme supplementation to broiler ration showed a slight increase in net revenue.
Left Ventricles of the Mature Camel Heart (Camelus dromedaries) with Special References to the Structure and Distribution of the Purkinje Cardiomyocytes:Microanatomy

The present investigation was performed to clarify the histological features of the left ventricles in the heart of the mature dromedary camel. This investigation was carried out on the left ventricles of six healthy mature camels. Microscopically, the left ventricles is consisted of three major layers or tunics; the internal endocardium, the middle myocardium, and the external epicardium. The endocardium is consisted of three layers; the endothelial layer of simple squamous epithelium, sub-endothelial layer of loose connective tissue and the sub-endocardial layer that connecting the endocardium with the myocardium and housing bundles of the purkinje cardiomyocytes; purkinje fibers. The myocardium, is the middle layer of the ventricular wall, is sandwiched between an outer epicardium, that covers the ventricular wall, and an inner endocardium, that lines the chamber, containing two bundles of cardiac fibers; the working cardiac myocytes (myocardiocytes) and the purkinje bundles. The epicardium is the outer most layer of the ventricular wall. This layer is a relatively thin in comparison with the myocardium and is consisted of a sub-epicardial layer of loose connective tissue which housing many blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves and adipocytes and mesothelium of simple squamous epithelium.
Comparative Reproductive Biology of Two Alpine Primrose Species

Primula angustifolia and Primula parryi are common alpine primroses in Colorado. We examined the reproductive biology of these species to determine (1) if they were fully distylous (2) what differences in pollinators and in reproductive allocation and success might exist between the species, and (3) whether reproduction was limited by pollen availability during the period of study. We found both taxa to be fully distylous. Primula parryi has numerous, diverse pollinators, a high seed/ovule ratio, and high fecundity. Primula angustifolia has fewer, less diverse pollinators, lower seed/ovule ratios, and lower fecundity. The greater reproductive success of P. parryi may reflect its inflorescence structure and supply of attractants and rewards. Reproduction in both species appears to be limited to some extent by pollen availability, although more so in P. parryi than in P. angustifolia. These results demonstrate while distyly, with obligate outcrossing and reliance on insect pollen vectors, can be a viable reproductive strategy even in a severe environment, it functions differently even in closely related species and understanding individual pollination systems should be a focus for research on other distylous species.
Robust Real-Time Vowel Classification with an Echo State Network

In the field of reservoir computing echo state networks (ESNs) and liquid state machines (LSMs) are the most commonly used networks. Comparative studies on these reservoirs identify the LSM as the network that yields the highest performance for speech recognition. But LSMs are not always usable in a real-time setting due to the computational costs of a large reservoir with spiking neurons. In this paper a vowel classification system is presented which consists of an ESN which processes cochlear filtered audio. The performance of the system is tested on a vowel classification task using different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The usefulness of this method is measured by comparing it to formant based vowel classification systems. Results show that this ESN based system can get a performance similar to formant based vowel classification systems on the clean dataset with only a small reservoir and even outperforms these methods on the noisy dataset.
New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England

A third albanerpetontid genus, Anoualerpeton gen. nov., is erected for two new species: An. unicus sp. nov. (type species) from the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) of Morocco and An. priscus sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian) of England. Anoualerpeton differs from the exclusively Laurasian albanerpetontid genera Albanerpeton (Early Cretaceous– Paleocene, North America; Miocene, Europe) and Celtedens (? Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, Europe) in a unique combination of primitive and derived character states of the jaws and azygous frontals. Monophyly of Anoualerpeton is supported by two synapomorphies of the maxilla and dentary (occlusal margin convex in labial outline and teeth strongly heterodont in size anteriorly) that are convergent with an unrelated, relatively derived Late Cretaceous species of Albanerpeton from North America. The two species of Anoualerpeton differ in character states of the premaxilla and azygous frontals. Cladistic analysis of 20 characters scored for ten albanerpetontid taxa postulates Anoualerpeton as the sister−taxon of Albanerpeton + Celtedens. The sister−pair of Albanerpeton + Celtedens is founded on one or, perhaps, two premaxillary synapomorphies. Anoualerpeton unicus documents the only known Gondwanan occurrence for the Albanerpetontidae and provides a minimum age of basal Cretaceous for the establishment of the clade in Africa. Charac− ters of the mandible, vertebrae, and limbs support the interpretation that Ramonellus (Aptian; Israel) is a caudate, not an albanerpetontid.
The role of national culture on email usage among non-academic staff in Malaysian public universities

The Malaysian government has made extensive investment in the expansion of ICT and email usage in workplaces, particularly in the Higher Education Institutions. However, the levels of ICT as well as email usage have still not reached its optimum level, particularly in public universities. This study investigates the role of national culture on email usage among non-academic staff in Malaysian public universities using Hofstede’s National Culture mediated by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data was collected by using survey questionnaires among 217 non-academic staff in four public universities in Malaysia. The study found a significant positive relationship between long-term orientation (LT) and indulgence (I) with perceived ease of use (PEOU) while a significant negative relationship between power distance (PD) with perceived ease of use (PEOU). This study also found that the relationship between collectivism (C) and uncertainty avoidance (UA) with perceived usefulness (PU) on email usage is negative. Finally, both PEOU and PU have a significant positive relationship with email usage and PEOU has a significant positive relationship with PU on email usage. In conclusion, Malaysian public universities perceive that emails become more useful when they are easy to be utilised and that individual long-term orientation and indulgence of work affect this thought.
Isolation, Optimization and Extraction of Microbial Pigments from Marine Yeast Rhodotorula Sp (Amby109) As Food Colourants

* To whom all correspondence should be addressed. E. mail: mycomuthu@gmail.com A well textured food, rich in nutrients and flavor, cannot be eaten unless it has the right color. Colors are one of the main visual properties of food and coloring of foods has been traditional practice for years. This practice has lead to the invention of synthetic colorants which have physical properties such as good stability and coloring ability (Pattnaik et al., 1997). Currently the commercial market is ruled by the synthetic pigments. Among the permitted synthetic pigments, some of them are toxic, carcinogenic and cause severe damage to vital organs (Duran et al., 2002). Nowadays, there is a growing interest on natural pigments due to their natural character, medicinal properties and nutritive value. Most of the natural pigments are extracted from plants like Isolation, Optimization and Extraction of Microbial Pigments from Marine Yeast Rhodotorula Sp (Amby109) As Food Colourants
Automated Brunnstrom Assessment for Home Rehabilitation Based on GRNN Model

To realize the upper extremity rehabilitation assessment for post-stroke intelligently, a new movement assessment model is established in this paper. A WBSN system consisted of two inertial sensors is employed to acquisit patients’ rehabilitation data. The data is stored in both local and server database. An intelligent Brunnstrom assessment based on GRNN model is built on the server. In order to test the accuracy and reliability of the model, twenty patients and four physicians were chosen as volunteers to finish a standard rehabilitation action – touching shoulder with affected hand. The accuracy of the assessment model can be 93.6%. The purpose to build an intelligent assessment is achieved. It makes patients train in the home setting and community possible.