Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Loose anagen hair.

OBJECTIVE To review clinical and pathologic features and the long-term follow-up of patients with loose anagen hair (LAH). DESIGN Clinical evaluation and long-term follow-up. SETTING A university medical center. PATIENTS Beginning in January 1990, 14 children and 5 adults (age range, 8 months to 47 years) were diagnosed as having LAH. Associated diseases included alopecia areata in a 3-year-old boy and Noonan syndrome in a 5-year-old boy. Two adult patients were parents of 2 affected children; the other 3 adults were the only members of their families with LAH. These 3 patients presented with a diffuse hair shedding that had suddenly developed 1 to 3 years before our observation. In all cases, findings of a trichogram showed a predominance of anagen hairs (80% to 100%) devoid of sheaths. INTERVENTION None. RESULTS In 4 children and 1 adult the condition remained stable; in 2 children and 1 adult, a considerable improvement in hair density was noticed. The pathologic study of hair from 5 patients did not reveal morphological abnormalities of the hair follicles except for a high incidence of fragmentations of the inner root sheath. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of our patients with LAH reveals that the condition does not develop exclusively during childhood but can occasionally manifest itself later in life. The development of LAH may be sporadic, occur in association with developmental or acquired conditions, or, less commonly, be a familial disorder. While adult-onset LAH may not be exceptional, it can be easily misdiagnosed as telogen hair loss. The pathologic findings of LAH do not demonstrate any specific features and are of little value in the diagnosis of this condition.
The electroencephalogram in children with minimal cerebral dysfunction.

The electroencephalogram (EEG) of 106 children with the syndrome of "minimal cerebral dysfunction" showed normal tracings in 53 cases and abnormalities in 53 cases. In 45 children the abnormalities ranged from "slight" to "moderate" while only 8 patients had markedly abnormal records. The incidence of paroxysmal abnormalities was low (14 patients, 6 of them exhibiting markedly abnormal EEG's), and non-focal abnormalities were more frequently encountered than focal deviations. Only five abnormal tracings were obtained in a control group of 33 physically and mentally healthy children. Patients with overt convulsive disorder, mental retardation, and gross neurological deficits were not included in the study. This study de-emphasizes the diagnostic significance of the 14 and 6 per second positive spike pattern. There is also little reason to attribute the hyperkinetic and aggressive outbursts to epileptic mechanisms since seizure potentials were seldom encountered in our material. The EEG is a valuable diagnostic tool in minimal cerebral dysfunction in spite of the fact that no specific findings can be expected. The diagnosis of minimal cerebral dysfunction should not be based upon the EEG alone.
SPATIALLY AND SPECTRALLY RESOLVED HYDROGEN GAS WITHIN 0.1 AU OF T TAURI AND HERBIG Ae/Be STARS

We present near-infrared observations of T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be stars with a spatial resolution of a few milliarcseconds and a spectral resolution of ∼2000. Our observations spatially resolve gas and dust in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks, and spectrally resolve broad-linewidth emission from the Brγ transition of hydrogen gas. We use the technique of spectro-astrometry to determine centroids of different velocity components of this gaseous emission at a precision orders of magnitude better than the angular resolution. In all sources, we find the gaseous emission to be more compact than or distributed on similar spatial scales to the dust emission. We attempt to fit the data with models including both dust and Brγ-emitting gas, and we consider both disk and infall/outflow morphologies for the gaseous matter. In most cases where we can distinguish between these two models, the data show a preference for infall/outflow models. In all cases, our data appear consistent with the presence of some gas at stellocentric radii of ∼0.01 AU. Our findings support the hypothesis that Brγ emission generally traces magnetospherically driven accretion and/or outflows in young star/disk systems.
Neutrophilic Cathepsin C Is Maturated by a Multistep Proteolytic Process and Secreted by Activated Cells during Inflammatory Lung Diseases*

The cysteine protease cathepsin C (CatC) activates granule-associated proinflammatory serine proteases in hematopoietic precursor cells. Its early inhibition in the bone marrow is regarded as a new therapeutic strategy for treating proteolysis-driven chronic inflammatory diseases, but its complete inhibition is elusive in vivo. Controlling the activity of CatC may be achieved by directly inhibiting its activity with a specific inhibitor or/and by preventing its maturation. We have investigated immunochemically and kinetically the occurrence of CatC and its proform in human hematopoietic precursor cells and in differentiated mature immune cells in lung secretions. The maturation of proCatC obeys a multistep mechanism that can be entirely managed by CatS in neutrophilic precursor cells. CatS inhibition by a cell-permeable inhibitor abrogated the release of the heavy and light chains from proCatC and blocked ∼80% of CatC activity. Under these conditions the activity of neutrophil serine proteases, however, was not abolished in precursor cell cultures. In patients with neutrophilic lung inflammation, mature CatC is found in large amounts in sputa. It is secreted by activated neutrophils as confirmed through lipopolysaccharide administration in a nonhuman primate model. CatS inhibitors currently in clinical trials are expected to decrease the activity of neutrophilic CatC without affecting those of elastase-like serine proteases.
Validation of Optical Low Coherence Reflectometry Retinal and Choroidal Biometry

Purpose. To compare measurements of retinal thickness (RT) and choroidal thickness (ChT) obtained with an optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) biometer (Lenstar LS 900) with those obtained with a spectral domain optical coherence tomographer (SD OCT) (Copernicus SOCT HR) in young normal subjects. Methods. Twenty young adult subjects had foveal RT and subfoveal ChT measurements obtained with OLCR biometry and SD OCT. RT and ChT was derived through manual analysis of A-scan data from the OLCR biometer. An average SD OCT foveal B-scan image derived from a series of 50 multiple B-scans was also analyzed to determine RT and ChT for each subject. Measurements from the two instruments were compared using Pearson correlation and Bland–Altman analysis. Results. RT and ChT measurements from the two instruments were highly correlated (r2 of 0.80 and 0.94, respectively, p < 0.0001). The mean RT with SD OCT and OLCR were 195 ± 17 &mgr;m and 196 ± 16 &mgr;m, respectively (mean difference, 1 ± 8 &mgr;m). The mean ChT was 324 ± 71 &mgr;m and 328 ± 84 &mgr;m with SD OCT and OLCR, respectively (mean difference, 4 ± 24 &mgr;m). Conclusions. Foveal RT and subfoveal ChT measures from OLCR biometry exhibit a strong correlation and good agreement with measures derived from SD OCT in a population of young adult subjects.
Measurement of communal strength

Communal strength refers to a person's degree of motivation to respond to a communal partner's needs. The development and testing of a questionnaire measure of communal strength is described. Study 1 involved item selection. Studies 2 and 3 found that the 10-item communal strength measure taps a construct distinct from behavioral interdependence as measured by the Relationship Closeness Inventory of Berscheid, Snyder, and Omoto (1989) and distinct from liking for the partner. As expected, the measure correlated highly with Rubin's (1970) Love Scale. Studies 4 and 5 found the measure predicted allocation of benefits to peers and reports of giving help to, and receiving help from, friends. Study 6 found that, when answered in relation to the respondent's spouse, the measure predicted the spouse's marital satisfaction, after controlling for the respondent's communal orientation and own marital satisfaction.
Establishment of Trophectoderm Cell Lines from Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos of Different Sources and Examination of In Vitro Developmental Competence, Quality, Epigenetic Status and Gene Expression in Cloned Embryos Derived from Them

Despite being successfully used to produce live offspring in many species, somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) has had a limited applicability due to very low (>1%) live birth rate because of a high incidence of pregnancy failure, which is mainly due to placental dysfunction. Since this may be due to abnormalities in the trophectoderm (TE) cell lineage, TE cells can be a model to understand the placental growth disorders seen after NT. We isolated and characterized buffalo TE cells from blastocysts produced by in vitro fertilization (TE-IVF) and Hand-made cloning (TE-HMC), and compared their growth characteristics and gene expression, and developed a feeder-free culture system for their long-term culture. The TE-IVF cells were then used as donor cells to produce HMC embryos following which their developmental competence, quality, epigenetic status and gene expression were compared with those of HMC embryos produced using fetal or adult fibroblasts as donor cells. We found that although TE-HMC and TE-IVF cells have a similar capability to grow in culture, significant differences exist in gene expression levels between them and between IVF and HMC embryos from which they are derived, which may have a role in the placental abnormalities associated with NT pregnancies. Although TE cells can be used as donor cells for producing HMC blastocysts, their developmental competence and quality is lower than that of blastocysts produced from fetal or adult fibroblasts. The epigenetic status and expression level of many important genes is different in HMC blastocysts produced using TE cells or fetal or adult fibroblasts or those produced by IVF.
Stochastic Geometry Modeling and System-Level Analysis of Uplink Heterogeneous Cellular Networks With Multi-Antenna Base Stations

In this paper, mathematical frameworks for system-level analysis and design of uplink heterogeneous cellular networks with multiple antennas at the base station (BS) are introduced. Maximum ratio combining (MRC) and optimum combining (OC) at the BSs are studied and compared. A generalized cell association criterion and fractional power control scheme are considered. The locations of all tiers of BSs are modeled as points of homogeneous and independent Poisson point processes. With the aid of stochastic geometry, coverage probability and average rate are formulated in integral but mathematically and computationally tractable expressions. Based on them, performance trends for small- and large-scale multiple-antenna BSs are discussed. Coverage and rate are shown to highly depend on several parameters, including the path-loss exponent, the fractional power control compensation factor, and the maximum transmit power of the mobile terminals. The gain of OC compared with MRC is proved to increase, if a more aggressive power control is used and if the number of BS antennas increases but is finite. For the same number of BS antennas, OC is shown to reach the noise-limited asymptote faster than MRC. All findings are validated via Monte Carlo simulations.
Assessing the risk of venous thromboembolism and identifying barriers to thromboprophylaxis in the hospitalized patient.

Sylvia C. McKean, MD Steven B. Deitelzweig, MD, FACP Arthur Sasahara, MD Franklin Michota, MD, FACP Anne Jacobson, MPH 1 Academic Hospitalist Service, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 2 Department of Hospital Medicine, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana. 3 Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 4 Department of Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. 5 Independent Medical Writer, Sanford, Florida.
Student Coaches' Knowledge, Attitudes, Skills, and Behaviors Regarding the Female Athelete Triad

The female athlete triad can cause acute and chronic health problems for physically active females. This study describes student coaches preparedness to participate in primary prevention and intervention of the triad; specifically, (n=61) senior Physical Education and Sport majors' knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors related to the triad are surveyed. The majority of subjects lack knowledge, appropriate attitudes and skills, and are not likely to participate in indicated behaviors (females scored more favorably than males, however previous training specific to the triad did not impact scores). These findings indicate the need for initial and continuing education of all coaches of female athletes.
Evolution of Mammal Tooth Patterns: New Insights from a Developmental Prediction Model

The study of mammalian evolution is often based on insights into the evolution of teeth. Developmental studies may attempt to address the mechanisms that guide evolutionary changes. One example is the new developmental model proposed by Kavanagh et al. (2007), which provides a high-level testable model to predict mammalian tooth evolution. It is constructed on an inhibitory cascade model based on a dynamic balance of activators and inhibitors, regulating differences in molar size along the lower dental row. Nevertheless, molar sizes in some mammals differ from this inhibitory cascade model, in particular in voles. The aim of this study is to point out arvicoline and murine differences within this model and to suggest an alternative model. Here we demonstrate that the inhibitory cascade is not followed, due to the arvicoline's greatly elongated first lower molar. We broaden the scope of the macroevolutionary model by projecting a time scale onto the developmental model. We demonstrate that arvicoline evolution is rather characterized by a large gap from the oldest vole to more recent genera, with the rapid acquisition of a large first lower molar contemporaneous to their radiation. Our study provides alternative evolutionary hypotheses for mammals with different trajectories of development.
CD1d deficiency exacerbates inflammatory dermatitis in MRL‐lpr/lpr mice

Mechanisms responsible for the development of autoimmune skin disease in humans and animal models with lupus remain poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the role of CD1d, an antigen‐presenting molecule known to activate natural killer T cells, in the development of inflammatory dermatitis in lupus‐susceptible MRL‐lpr/lpr mice. In particular, we have establishedMRL‐lpr/lpr mice carrying a germ‐line deletion of the CD1d genes. We demonstrate that CD1d‐deficient MRL‐lpr/lpr mice, as compared with wild‐type littermates, have more frequent and more severe skin disease, with increased local infiltration with mast cells, lymphocytes and dendritic cells, including Langerhans cells. CD1d‐deficient MRL‐lpr/lpr mice had increased prevalence of CD4+ T cells in the spleen and liver and of TCRα β +B220+ cells in lymph nodes. Furthermore, CD1d deficiency was associated with decreased T cell production of type 2 cytokines and increased or unchanged type 1 cytokines. These findings indicate a regulatory role of CD1d in inflammatory dermatitis. Understanding the mechanisms by which CD1d deficiency results in splenic T cell expansion and cytokine alterations, with increased dermal infiltration of dendritic cells and lymphocytes in MRL‐lpr/lpr mice, will have implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
Treatment options for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Introduction: The treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) depends on its etiology. For mucosal cancer, endoscopic resection is standard; while for locally advanced cancer, esophagectomy is the main treatment. When the tumor is more advanced, neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy is added. For unresectable cancer, concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard therapy. Areas covered: The standard chemotherapy for esophageal SCC is a cisplatin- and 5-fluorouracil (CF)-based regimen. Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard treatment for unresectable esophageal SCC and is also an option for resectable tumors. For patients who are inoperable, concurrent CRT should be the standard of care. Docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) therapy is a promising candidate for chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy because an excellent local control rate and pathological remission rate have been reported. Although salvage surgery after definitive CRT is a practical treatment, judicious patient selection is crucial. Expert opinion: Presently, the standard regimen for esophageal SCC is CF. DCF is expected to be the next standard regimen. In the near future, some new therapeutic options, such as molecular targeted therapy or particle beam therapy, may confer further advantages. A thorough understanding of these therapeutic modalities is important to achieve this endeavor.
Predicting Students’ Performance Using Machine Learning Techniques

The ultimate goal of any educational institution is offering the best educational experience and knowledge to the students. Identifying the students who need extra support and taking the appropriate actions to enhance their performance plays an important role in achieving that goal. In this research, four machine learning techniques have been used to build a classifier that can predict the performance of the students in a computer science subject that is offered by Al-Muthanna University (MU), College Of Humanities. The machine learning techniques include Artificial Neural Network, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression. This research pays extra attention to the effect of using the internet as a learning resource and the effect of the time spent by students on social networks on the students’ performance. These effects introduced by using features that measure whether the student uses the internet for learning and the time spent on the social networks by the students. The models have been compared using the ROC index performance measure and the classification accuracy. In addition, different measures have been computed such as the classification error, precision, recall, and the F measure. The dataset used to build the models is collected based on a survey given to the students and the students’ grade book. The ANN (fully connected feed forward multilayer ANN) model achieved the best performance that is equal to 0.807 and achieved the best classification accuracy that is equal to 77.04%. In addition, the decision tree model identified five factors as important factors which influence the performance of the students.
Apparent Germline Mosaicism for a Novel 19p13.13 Deletion Disrupting NFIX and CACNA1A

We report on a case of apparent germline mosaicism in a family of two sisters carrying a novel 19p13.13 deletion. The 11‐year‐old proposita was referred for evaluation of macrocephaly, moderate intellectual disability (ID), and episodic ataxia. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) detected a 399 kb microdeletion with breakpoints within genes NFIX and CACNA1A. A similar deletion was also seen in the elder sibling who presented with macrocephaly, ID, and strabismus. The deletions were confirmed to be de novo after the parental aCGH analysis suggesting that this is an example of germinal mosaicism. This study contributes additional information for the newly identified 19p13 deletion syndrome and clarifies the clinical roles of genes in the involved region. This case of apparent germline mosaicism represents the only known family in the cohort of 1,800 patients analyzed by our group. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The power of anger: How emotions predict information seeking and sharing after a presidential election

ABSTRACT This study sought to understand the relationships between four specific emotions (anger, anxiety, enthusiasm, and hopefulness) and post-election information seeking and sharing behaviors. Young adults assessed their emotional experiences immediately following the 2016 U.S. presidential election as well as how they sought and shared information about the election results. Those who experienced anger reported the greatest amount of information seeking and sharing. Anger also uniquely predicted seeking and sharing through interpersonal communication. Anxiety and enthusiasm were related to some seeking and sharing behaviors, but a far smaller number. Hopefulness had little relationship with information gathering.
Correlation of matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -3 with patient age and grade of lumbar disc herniation.

OBJECT The authors studied the histological alterations and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 in disc specimens of patients who had undergone operations for lumbar disc herniation. METHODS Forty-three lumbar disc specimens were evaluated histopathologically for degenerative changes and immunohistochemical expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3. The observed degenerative changes provided a degenerative score that was applied in each patient. Sections of disc immunostained for MMP-1 and MMP-3 were evaluated semiquantitatively. Patients were categorized in 3 age groups: < 30 years, between 30 and 60 years, and > 60 years of age. The expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were correlated to patient's age, degenerative score, and grade of lumbar disc herniation. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the degenerative score between the age groups. Degenerative changes were more pronounced in greater grades of herniation (p < 0.0001). In the group of patients < 30 years of age there was a significant correlation between MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression and both degenerative score and herniation grade. For the group of patients 30-60 years of age, there was no significant difference between MMP-1 expression and degenerative score, but the correlation between MMP-1 expression and grade of herniation was significant. There was a significant correlation between MMP-3 expression and both degenerative score and herniation grade. Regarding the patients > 60 years of age, there was a significant correlation between MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression and both degenerative score and herniation grade. There was a significantly lower expression of both MMP-1 and MMP-3 in the group < 30 years of age compared with the other ages. No significant correlation was found in MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression between the groups of patients who were 30-60 and > 60 years of age. Interestingly, in age groups > 30 years, there were no statistically significant differences between the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3, whereas in patients < 30 years of age the expression of MMP-3 was significantly lower than the expression of MMP-1. CONCLUSIONS The expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were strongly correlated to the age of the patients and the grade of herniation. An important finding in this study is the differential expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 between the age groups. In the young age group it appears that deregulation of MMP-1 expression is higher than that of MMP-3 in the pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation.