Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Canine adder bites in the UK: a retrospective study of cases reported to the Veterinary Poisons Information Service

This retrospective study examined cases with follow-up reported to the Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS) between September 1985 and December 2010. Most bites (69.2 per cent) occurred between April and July, particularly between 15:00 and 16:00 hours. Adder bites were more frequently reported in the south-east of England, particularly in Surrey. Swelling to the face and limbs was common, as was lethargy, depression, hyperthermia and tachycardia. About two-thirds of dogs developed both systemic and local effects, while a third developed local effects alone. Initial clinical effects usually occurred within two hours, with full recovery typically occurring five days after the bite. Antivenom was used in 55.9 per cent of cases and appeared to significantly reduce duration of oedema from an average of 94 to 47 hours. Adder bites can cause significant morbidity (97 per cent of dogs were symptomatic), but mortality is low (4.6 per cent died).
Three decades of continuous wrist‐activity recording: analysis of sleep duration

Motor activity recording by a wrist‐worn device is a common method to monitor the rest–activity cycle. The first author wore an actimeter continuously for more than three decades, starting in 1982 at the age of 43.5 years. Until November 2006 analysis was performed on a 15‐min time base, and subsequently on a 2‐min time base. The timing of night‐time sleep was determined from the cessation and re‐occurrence of daytime‐level activity. Sleep duration declined from an initial 6.8 to 6 h in 2004. The declining trend was reversed upon retirement, whereas the variance of sleep duration declined throughout the recording period. Before retirement, a dominant 7‐day rhythm of sleep duration as well as an annual periodicity was revealed by spectral analysis. These variations were attenuated or vanished during the years after retirement. We demonstrate the feasibility of continuous long‐term motor activity recordings to study age‐related variations of the rest–activity cycle. Here we show that the embeddedness in a professional environment imparts a temporal structure to sleep duration.
Effect of Modeling Assumptions on the Earthquake-Induced Losses and Collapse Risk of Steel-Frame Buildings with Special Concentrically Braced Frames

This paper quantifies the collapse risk and earthquake-induced economic losses of steel-frame buildings with special concentrically braced frames designed in urban California. A probabilistic building-specific loss estimation methodology that can explicitly account for the main sources of variability related to seismic hazards and structural response is used for this purpose. It is shown that, depending on the choice of the loss metric, at seismic events with low probability of occurrence (i.e., 2% probability of occurrence in 50 years), losses because of demolition and structural collapse in steel-frame buildings with special concentrically braced frames designed in highly seismic zones may be significantly overestimated when ignoring the contribution of the composite floor and gravity framing system to the analytical model building representation. For frequent and moderately frequent seismic events (i.e., 50 and 10% probability of exceedance over 50 years of building life expectancy), acceleration-sensitive nonstructural component repairs govern building losses regardless of the analytical model representation used. For the same seismic events, an appreciable contributor to total losses in steel-frame buildings with special concentrically braced frames is structural repairs because of steel brace flexural buckling. It is suggested that dual-parameter rather than drift-based steel brace fragility curves should be used in loss computations conditioned on a single seismic intensity. Otherwise, the expected annual losses should be used as a metric for building-specific loss assessment of steel-frame buildings with special concentrically braced frames.
Painted face effect removal by a projector-camera system with dynamic ambient light adaptability

Painted face effect, where the textured contents are projected on the presenter's face, frequently occurs during presentations with projectors. To remove this annoying effect, in this paper, a projector-camera system is designed to modify the projection content according to the location information of the presenter generated with a background segmentation technique. A new non-linear photometric model for a projector-camera system is also introduced as well as an ambient light adaptation scheme to generate the background model for object segmentation under varied lighting conditions. Experimental results show that this system can successfully remove painted face effect without introducing any artifacts. This technique can improve the user experience for presentations with projectors.
Ribavirin monotherapy increases sustained response rate in relapsers of end treatment virologic responders.

AIM To assess the efficacy of ribavirin monotherapy in patients with biochemical relapse after combination therapy. METHODS Twenty-four weeks of ribavirin monotherapy was given to biochemical relapsers of end treatment biochemical responders within 6 mo after combination therapy, including non-responders with HCV-RNA level < or =0.2 Meq/mL and end treatment virologic responders (ETVRs) with or without reappearance of HCV-RNA. RESULTS Sixty-two chronic HCV-infected patients completed 24 wk of interferon-alpha plus ribavirin combination therapy. Fifty patients (80%) achieved end treatment biochemical response including 16 non-responders and 34 of 36 ETVRs. Twenty-six patients (41.9%) were non-responders. Ribavirin monotherapy was given to 20 biochemical relapsers including 12 non-responders with HCV-RNA levels < or =0.2 Meq/mL, four of eight HCV-RNA reappearing ETVRs, and four HCV-RNA negative ETVRs. After 24 wk of ribavirin monotherapy, one of 12 non-responders, two of four HCV-RNA reappearing ETVRs and all four RNA-negative biochemical relapsers of ETVRs showed sustained virologic response. Two of 12 monotherapy treated non-responders showed persistent normalization of liver function test. In total, 50% (31/62) of patients achieved sustained virologic response. CONCLUSION Resumption of ribavirin monotherapy in ETVRs at signs of viral rebound and recurrent biochemical abnormalities rather than continuation of monotherapy appears to be the key to success of ribavirin monotherapy after interferon-related combination therapy.
Friction angle of sand from minicone soundings at shallow depth

The paper presents the results of full-scale minicone penetration tests to shallow depth in sand test beds. The results are used to evaluate commonly used methods for determining the friction angle in sands from cone tip resistance. Peak secant friction angles were determined from drained triaxial compression tests allowing a comparison of measured versus predicted friction angles. The results of the study have shown that the Meyerhoff, Schmertmann, and Puech & Foray methods under predicted the friction angles for loose and dense test beds. The Robertson & Campanella and Durgunoglu & Mitchell methods predicted very closely the friction angles for the loose test bed but slightly over predicted the friction angles for the dense test bed.
Structural Insight into the Antibiotic Action of Telithromycin against Resistant Mutants

ABSTRACT The crystal structure of the ketolide telithromycin bound to the Deinococcus radiodurans large ribosomal subunit shows that telithromycin blocks the ribosomal exit tunnel and interacts with domains II and V of the 23S RNA. Comparisons to other clinically relevant macrolides provided structural insights into its enhanced activity against macrolide-resistant strains.
Safe Motherhood Promotion in Bangladesh: Evidence from a NGO's Local Level Health Monitoring and Advocacy

Introduction: Health and development partners have failed to invest seriously in safe motherhood. The issue ‘safe motherhood’ is important because, they benefit not only the woman, but also the health of newborns and children and the well-being of entire households, societies, and nations. This paper presents the findings from an impact evaluation of the Safe Motherhood Project (SMP) conducted at the Hatibhanga Union of the Dewanganj Upazila in the Jamalpur District of Bangladesh. This project was implemented by Dhaka Ahsania Mission (DAM), a national non-governmental organization (NGO). Objectives: The study objective was to assess whether project interventions, in particular, community-based activities, had a favorable impact on women’s access to and knowledge of maternal health care during pregnancy and childbirth. Methods: The project impact was estimated using a number of qualitative research tools e.g., in-depth case study, focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and documentation survey. Results: The results showed that the project successfully increased the utilization of interventions of monitoring and advocacy services, and enhanced women’s knowledge on danger signs. Conclusion: Most of the targeted objectives were achieved within the time frame identified for the project. The project was considered comprehensive, sustainable and inclusive.
The “most‐significant‐other” in the care of the breast cancer patient

Most-significant-others can play a major role in helping breast cancer patients live stable, productive, and esteemed lives. Physicians are urged to respect and exercise their clinical judgment on the emotional makeup of the patient, the most-significant-other, and their relationship, and to instruct them according to their needs and capacities. Supportive roles include mobilizing social support; monitoring the patient's return to daily living; being with her during treatments, both physically and emotionally; and understanding her instinctive requests for assistance through double-bind and other difficult communication. Most-significant-others can be an extension of the physician's common sense and clinical care to the degree that they are able and willing to perform this important role.
Morphology of Nasal Lesions in F344/N Rats Following Chronic Inhalation Exposure to Naphthalene Vapors

Naphthalene (CAS No. 91-20-3) administered by inhalation at concentrations of 10, 30, or 60 ppm for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 105 weeks caused nonneoplastic and neoplastic effects in nasal respiratory and olfactory regions of male and female F344/N rats. Non-neoplastic nasal effects were characterized by an increase in the incidence and severity of a complex group of lesions, including atypical hyperplasia, atrophy, chronic inflammation, and hyaline degeneration of olfactory epithelium; hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, hyaline degeneration, and goblet cell hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium; and hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia of mucosal glands. Neoplastic effects were characterized by the induction of two types of rare primary nasal tumors, olfactory neuroblastomas and respiratory epithelial adenomas. The incidences of olfactory neuroblastomas in males at 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 30 ppm, and 60 ppm were, respectively, 0%, 0%, 8%, and 6%, whereas in females they were 0%, 4%, 6%, and 24%. The incidences of respiratory epithelial adenomas in males at 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 30 ppm, and 60 ppm were, respectively, 0%, 12%, 17%, and 31% and in females 0%, 0%, 8%, and 4%. The olfactory neuroblastomas and respiratory epithelial adenomas were considered carcinogenic effects related to naphthalene exposure based on their relatively high incidence in exposed rats, their absence in concurrent control rats and NTP historical controls, and their rare spontaneous occurrence in rats of any strain.
Looking Back to Move Ahead: Interprofessional Education in Dental Education.

Interprofessional education (IPE) is a widely recognized and critical component of dental and health professions education and is included in two of the predoctoral education standards required by the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA). Following a review of the literature on the state of IPE education in U.S. dental education programs, this article revisits six institutions identified in previous research as exemplars successfully implementing IPE on their campuses. Interviews were conducted with leaders at the following programs: Columbia University, Medical University of South Carolina, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Florida, University of Minnesota, and Western University of Health Sciences. Strengths and weakness of IPE in dental education are discussed, along with opportunities for the future including reducing barriers to scheduling, increasing intraprofessional education, and consistent outcomes assessment. The article concludes with lessons learned by administrators and suggestions for improving incorporation of these requirements into predoctoral dental education programs by emphasizing the importance of IPE and dentistry's role in overall health. This article was written as part of the project "Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century. "
Evaluating the SIDS diagnosis process utilized by coroners in Mississippi

&NA; To assess the consistency of Mississippi coroners' practices in identifying Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) cases, coroners were surveyed about diagnostic protocols. Findings were compared with published Centers for Disease Control guidelines and Mississippi law. One‐third of coroners report they sometimes or never perform investigations at the place of infant death. The agency responsible for transferring the infant and the turn‐around time for autopsy reports also varies. This study demonstrates inconsistency in SIDS diagnostic protocols among Mississippi coroners.
Structure from Motion Using Augmented Lagrangian Robust Factorization

The classical Tomasi-Kanade method for Structure from Motion (SfM) based on measurement matrix factorization using SVD is known to perform poorly in the presence of occlusions and outliers. In this paper, we present an efficient approach by which we are able to deal with both problems at the same time. We use the Augmented Lagrangian alternative minimization method to solve iteratively a robust version of the matrix factorization approach. Experiments on synthetic and real data show the computational efficiency and good convergence of the method, which make it favorably compare to other approaches used in the SfM problem.
The complex relationship between hypothalamic amenorrhea and polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) is occasionally observed in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA). Although these women with HA/PCOM meet two of the Rotterdam criteria, they are excluded from the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by having HA. We explored the coexistence of these two disorders in women with HA/PCOM by analyzing their androgen response to gonadotropins and by following their clinical characteristics over time. METHODS Baseline and dynamic endocrine profiles during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for women with HA/PCOM [n = 6, median (interquartile range) age 30 yr (28-31), body mass index (BMI) 19.2 kg/m(2) (18.0-19.2)] were retrospectively compared with those of women with PCOS [n = 10, age 33 (31-34), BMI 24.8 (23.2-27.6)] and normoovulatory controls [n = 20, age 33 (31-35), BMI 21.5(20.3-23.1)]. Long-term outcomes for five women with HA/PCOM were followed during their spontaneous recovery from HA. RESULTS With the exception of decreased LH [0.7 (0.3-0.8) vs. 6.0 IU/liter (4.8-7.4); P = 0.003], FSH [3.9 (2.5-5.7) vs. 7.5 IU/liter (5.3-9.5); P < 0.025], and estradiol [20 (14-24) vs. 32 pg/ml (20-39); P < 0.027], baseline endocrine profiles of women with HA/PCOM did not differ significantly from those of normoovulatory controls in terms of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, androstenedione, and total testosterone. However, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with similar doses of gonadotropins resulted in an excess of androgen production compared with the controls [Deltaandrostenedione per dominant follicle 0.30 (0.23-0.37) vs. 0.10 ng/ml (0.05-0.18), P = 0.005; Deltatestosterone per dominant follicle 16 (7-24) vs. 6 ng/dl (2-12), P = 0.04], and these levels were comparable to those of women with PCOS. Recovery from HA/PCOM in some patients was associated with the development of oligomenorrhea and symptoms of androgen excess. CONCLUSIONS Women with HA/PCOM may have inherently hyperandrogenic ovaries but are quiescent due to low gonadotropins from the hypothalamic inactivity. The exaggerated ovarian androgen response to low-dose gonadotropin stimulation in these women is consistent with the clinical observation that hyperandrogenism emerges in association with weight gain and the recovery of hypothalamic function. Over time, these patients may fluctuate between symptoms of HA and PCOS, depending on the current status of hypothalamic activity. The fluidity of this transition in HA/PCOM challenges the simple dichotomous definition of PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria, which categorizes the two conditions as being mutually exclusive.
[Experimental study on delta-tocotrienol inhibits the Wnt pathway in the colon cancer cell SW620].

OBJECTIVE Based on the antitumor function of the delta-tocotrienol, shed light on the relationship between the proliferation inhibition effect of delta-tocotrienol on human colon cancer cells SW620 with Wnt signal pathway. METHODS To adopt the MTT method, found the effects of diverse doses of delta-tocotrienol on colon cancer cells SW620. Detected the expressions level of the factors related to Wnt signal pathway via Western bloting and immunocytochemistry, to observe the influence of delta-tocotrienol on Wnt-1, beta-catenin, c-jun, cylin D1. RESULTS delta-tocotrienol has a significant proliferation inhibition effect on the colon cancer cells SW620,under delta-tocotrienol treated, SW620 cell inhibition rate is 70.43%. The IC50 is 15.18 micromol/L. The expression levels of wnt-1, beta-catenin c-jun and cylin D1 are downregulated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The proliferation inhibition effect of delta-tocotrienol on colon cancer cell may correlate with the ability of delta-tocotrienol to downregulate the expression levels of wnt-1, beta-catenin, c-jun, cylin D1 in the Wnt signal pathway.
Cell-to-cell transport via the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Plasmodesmata are plasma membrane-lined channels through which cytoplasmic molecules move from cell-to-cell in plants. Most plasmodesmata contain a desmotubule, a central tube of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), that connects the ER of adjacent cells. Here we demonstrate that molecules of up to 10.4 kDa in size can move between the ER lumen of neighbouring leaf trichome or epidermal cells via the desmotubule lumen. Fluorescent molecules of up to 10 kDa, microinjected into the ER of Nicotiana trichome cells, consistently moved into the ER and nuclei of neighbouring trichome cells. This movement occurred more rapidly than movement via the cytoplasmic pathway. A fluorescent 3-kDa dextran microinjected into the ER of a basal trichome cell moved into the ER and nuclei of epidermal cells across a barrier to cytoplasmic movement. We constructed a 10.4-kDa recombinant ER-lumenal reporter protein (LRP) from a fragment of the endogenous ER-lumenal binding protein AtBIP1. Following transient expression of the LRP in the ER of Tradescantia leaf epidermal cells, it often moved into the nuclear envelopes of neighbouring cells. However, green fluorescent protein targeted to the ER lumen (ER-GFP) did not move from cell to cell. We propose that the ER lumen of plant cells is continuous with that of their neighbours, and allows movement of small ER-lumenal molecules between cells.
Life course pathways to adult‐onset diabetes

Abstract Early life conditions, such as socioeconomic status (SES) and health, have the potential to set in motion multiple and reinforcing pathways that shape both the prevalence and onset of diabetes among older adults. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2002) for persons age 51 years and older, we investigated the core mediating mechanisms linking early life conditions with diabetes prevalence in 1998 and onset over a 4‐year follow‐up period, focusing on adult achievement processes and obesity as key mechanisms. We found that father's education is negatively associated with diabetes prevalence for older men and women. However, no markers of early life SES are directly associated with older men's and women's onset of diabetes, and the negative effects of adult SES on diabetes onset pertain only to women. Early life health affects the onset of diabetes among women—but not the prevalence—and no evidence of this association was found for men. We found no evidence that obesity is an important mechanism connecting either early life or adult SES with diabetes development in men or women. We speculate that early life SES may accelerate the development of diabetes at younger ages, and that the pathways linking life course SES, early life health, and diabetes are partly gender‐specific and biological in nature.
Grammatical complexity and comprehension of compressed speech.

In order to investigate the effect of rate of presentation on the compression of materials that differed in grammatical complexity, an experiment was designed in which the comprehension-test portions of Forms A and B of the Nelson-Denny Reading Test were rewritten in an attempt to reduce grammatical complexity so as to make two difficulty levels available. The rewriting resulted in grammatically simplified versions of the original material. The variables, arranged in a multifactor independent-groups design, were: which of two levels of grammatical complexity was used, high or low; which of four rates of presentation was used, 175, 275, 325, or 375 words per minute; and which of two forms of the material was used, Form A or Form B. The dependent variable was the number of csorrect responses to test questions. An analysis of covariance was used to test the statistical significance of the effects. Verbal Scholastic Aptitude Test score was the adjusting variable. The following effects were statistically significant: (a) level of grammatical complexity—the grammatically simplified versions of both forms of the material resulted in greater average comprehension than the original versions; (b) rate of presentation—generally, comprehension remained at approximately the same level as rate of presentation increased from 175 wpm to 325 wpm, but from 325 wpm to 375 wpm, comprehension dropped off sharply; (c) form of material—Form B of the material resulted in greater average comprehension than Form A; (d) form of material by level of grammatical complexity—comprehension varied as a function of grammatical complexity when Form A of the test was used but did not vary when Form B was used.