Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Market Efficiency and Information: A Literature Review

This article tries to examine the efficiency market hypothesis. Therefore, the efficiency is studied through endogenous and exogenous information. The goal of this paper is to describe the literature review the most exhaustive of effi iency studies. We show that distinct conclusions can be emphasized following the type of analyzed information. Consequently, the endogenous information is not of quality to question the efficiency, rather than the exogenous one shows significant results. The exogenous information allows forecasting future stock returns, and earning profit. It is getting a decision making tool. JEL Classification: G00, G14
Nonlinear State Estimation Using A Particle Filter with Likelihood Proposal Distributions

State estimation is a central problem in many engineering applications. Traditionally, Kalman filters are widely used for linear systems with additive Gaussian noise. But the many dynamic systems are much more complex, usually involve nonlinear and non-Gaussian elements. Bearing the nature of sequential importance sampling (SIS) and Monte Carlo approach, particle filtering (PF) has emerged as a superior alternative to the traditional nonlinear filtering methods. The basic idea of a particle filter is to approximate the PDF of system states by a set of weighted samples (known as particles) generated from a proposal distribution. The performances of particle filters are strongly influenced by the choice of the proposal distributions, which usually involves complex algorithms and heavy computational load. In real world applications, when compared to dynamic system modeling, the accurate measurement model and measurements are relative easy to obtain. In this case, the system likelihood will provide reliable information of the system state. In this paper, we propose a new PF algorithm which uses the system likelihood as the proposal distribution. In addition, a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is also integrated into the new algorithm to mitigate the side effect introduced by resampling. As demonstrated by the simulation results, this algorithm can provide good estimations without significantly increase the algorithm complexity.
Identification and quantitative analysis of the major determinants of translation elongation rate variation

Ribosome profiling provides a detailed view into the complex dynamics of translation. Although the precise relation between the observed ribosome footprint densities and the actual translation elongation rates remains elusive, the data clearly suggest that elongation speed is quite heterogeneous along the transcript. Previous studies have shown that elongation is locally regulated by multiple factors, but the observed heterogeneity remains only partially explained. To dissect quantitatively the different determinants of translation speed, we here use probabilistic modeling of the translation dynamics to estimate transcript-specific initiation and local elongation rates from ribosome profiling data. Using this model-based approach, we estimate the fraction of ribosomes (~9%) undetected by the current ribosome profiling protocol. These missing ribosomes come from regions harboring two or more closely-stacked ribosomes, and not accounting for them leads to a substantial underestimation of translation efficiency for highly occupied transcripts. We further quantify the extent of transcript- and position-specific interference between ribosomes on the same transcript, and infer that the movement of ~2.5% of ribosomes is obstructed on average, with substantial variation across different genes. The extent of interference also varies noticeably along the transcript sequence, with a moderately elevated level near the start site and a significantly pronounced amount near the termination site. However, we show that neither ribosomal interference nor the distribution of slow codons is sufficient to explain the observed level of variation in the mean elongation rate across the transcript sequence. Surprisingly, by optimizing the fit of statistical linear models, we find that the hydropathy of the nascent polypeptide segment within the ribosome plays a major role in governing the variation of the mean elongation rate along the transcript. In addition, we find that positively and negatively charged amino acid residues near the beginning and end of the ribosomal exit tunnel, respectively, are important determinants of translation speed, and we argue that this result is consistent with the known biophysical properties of the exit tunnel.
Subgap features due to quasiparticle tunneling in quantum dots coupled to superconducting leads

We present a microscopic theory of transport through quantum dot setups coupled to superconducting leads. We derive a master equation for the reduced density matrix to lowest order in the tunneling Hamiltonian and focus on quasiparticle tunneling. For high enough temperatures transport occurs in the subgap region due to thermally excited quasiparticles, which can be used to observe excited states of the system at low bias voltages. On the example of a double quantum dot we show how subgap transport spectroscopy can be done. Moreover, we use the single level quantum dot coupled to a normal and a superconducting lead to give a possible explanation for the subgap features observed in the experiments of Dirks, Chen, Birge, and Mason.
Community Leaders ’ Characteristics and Their Effort in Building Community Capacity for Tourism Development in Local Communities

Community leaders are an important element of any community and vital to successful community development. In a community capacity building approach, community leaders play a vital role in handling the programs and plans towards achieving the goals of the community.This paper investigates relationship between the community leaders’ characteristics and their effort in building capacity for tourism development in local communities of Shiraz, Iran. The results from Pearson correlation show that there is a significant positive correlation between age, length of residence, length of position held, income with the level of community capacity building in tourism development. Spearman rho correlation also found there was a significant positive correlation between educational level, tourism income, extra activities, tourism jobs, and family engaged in tourism activities with the level of community capacity building in tourism development.
Maternal emotional signaling: Its effect on the visual cliff behavior of 1-year-olds.

Facial expressions of emotion are not merely responses indicative of internal states, they are also stimulus patterns that regulate the behavior of others. A series of four studies indicate that, by 12 months of age, human infants seek out and use such facial expressions to disambiguate situations. The deep side of a visual cliff was adjusted to a height that produced no clear avoidance and much referencing of the mother. If a mother posed joy or interest while her infant referenced, most infants crossed the deep side. If a mother posed fear or anger, very few infants crossed. If a mother posed sadness, an intermediate number crossed. These findings are not interpretable as a discrepancy reaction to an odd pose: in the absence of any depth whatsoever, few infants referenced the mother and those who did while the mother was posing fear hesitated but crossed nonetheless. The latter finding suggests that facial expressions regulate behavior most clearly in contexts of uncertainty.
Bioflocculants Produced by Gram-positive Bacillus xn 12 and Streptomyces xn 17 for Swine Wastewater Application

Strains xn12 and xn17 were isolated from activated sludge from a local hoggery, and preliminarily identified as Gram-positive Bacillus and Streptomyces, respectively. Their flocculating activities were mainly in the extracellular materials, and their components were mainly non-ketose polysaccharides, not proteins. Their flocculating efficiencies were over 95 % under the optimal conditions for production of xn12 and xn17 as follows: initial pH 5; inoculum volume 0.5 mL, 1.0 mL, respectively; cultivating temperature 30 °C; and cultivation time 4.5 days and 1.5 days, respectively. Each of the xn12 and xn17 had strong thermal stability under 30–80 °C. The optimal removal efficiency of turbidity for xn12 and xn17 in swine wastewater was 82 %, 87 %, respectively, their turbidity removal efficiencies were better than polyaluminium chloride alone, and that of COD was 42 %, 46 %, respectively.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC(MHD) STAGNATION POINT FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OF UPPER-CONVECTED MAXWELL FLUID PAST A STRETCHING SHEET IN THE PRESENCE OF NANOPARTICLES WITH CONVECTIVE HEATING

The study scrutinizes the effect of convective heating on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow and heat transfer of upper-convected Maxell fluid p ast a s tretching s heet i n t he p resence o f n anoparticles. T he m odel u sed i n t he s tudy i ncludes t he e ffect o f B rownian m otion and thermophoresis parameters. The non-linear governing equations and their boundary conditions are initially cast into dimensionless forms by similarity transformation. The resulting system of equations is then solved numerically using fourth order Runge-Kutta method along with shooting technique. Numerical results are obtained for velocity, temperature, concentration profiles, skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and Sherwood number. It is found that the skin friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number and Sherwood number increase with an increase in A and and decreases as the values of M increase. Moreover, the local Nusselt number - 0 (0) and local Sherwood number - 0 (0) increases with an increase in Bi.
Multi-Source Cooperative Networks with Distributed Convolutional Coding

Cooperative diversity, enabled by communicators willing to collaborate, offers an effective way of mitigating slow fading propagation effects. Recently, multi-source cooperation (MSC) has been introduced to provide higher diversity and code rates relative to cooperative schemes that rely on either amplify-and-forward or regeneration of information at relay nodes. In this paper, we develop a distributed convolutionally coded (DCC) MSC system. We show that in a cooperative network with binary transmission among K active users and M idle users, the maximum diversity order is min(dmin ,α ) for any MSC scheme with code rateR and minimum (free) Hamming distance dmin ,w hereα =1 +� L(1 − R)� is the maximum possible diversity order provided by L independent Rayleigh channel gains. Notice that L = K, if cooperation takes place only between active users; and L = K + M ,i fM idle users also serve as relays. Compared to MSC with block coding, our DCC-MSC scheme is more effective with long codewords, when maximum likelihood decoding can be implemented using Viterbi's algorithm. We also design interleavers to maximize the diversity of the error event with minimum distance. Simu- lations verify that DCC-MSC can improve system performance markedly.
Effect of sintering on the physical properties of porous β-TCP scaffolds

This research work investigates the effect of sintering temperatures on the physical properties of porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds produced via a template method. A polyurethane (PU) foam was immersed in β-TCP slurry by using a roller infiltration method. The impregnated foam was subsequently sintered to 1400C, 1450C and 1500C. The sintered scaffolds were then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for evaluation of crystalline phases as well as pore and surface morphology. An increase in sintering temperature reveal an increase in crystallinity as well as the lessening of pores and voids in the struts of the scaffold as a result of progressive sintering.
Learning Long-range Terrain Perception for Autonomous Mobile Robots

Long-range terrain perception has a high value in performing efficient autonomous navigation and risky intervention tasks for field robots, such as earlier recognition of hazards, better path planning, and higher speeds. However, Stereo-based navigation systems can only perceive near-field terrain due to the nearsightedness of stereo vision. Many near-to-far learning methods, based on regions' appearance features, are proposed to predict the far-field terrain. We proposed a statistical prediction framework to enhance long-range terrain perception for autonomous mobile robots. The main difference between our solution and other existing methods is that our framework not only includes appearance features as its prediction basis, but also incorporates spatial relationships between terrain regions in a principled way. The experiment results show that our framework outperforms other existing approaches in terms of accuracy, robustness and adaptability to dynamic unstructured outdoor environments.
Sources of uncertainty in hydrological climate impact assessment: a cross-scale study

Climate change impacts on water availability and hydrological extremes are major concerns as regards the Sustainable Development Goals. Impacts on hydrology are normally investigated as part of a modelling chain, in which climate projections from multiple climate models are used as inputs to multiple impact models, under different greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, which result in different amounts of global temperature rise. While the goal is generally to investigate the relevance of changes in climate for the water cycle, water resources or hydrological extremes, it is often the case that variations in other components of the model chain obscure the effect of climate scenario variation. This is particularly important when assessing the impacts of relatively lower magnitudes of global warming, such as those associated with the aspirational goals of the Paris Agreement. In our study, we use ANOVA (analyses of variance) to allocate and quantify the main sources of uncertainty in the hydrological impact modelling chain. In turn we determine the statistical significance of different sources of uncertainty. We achieve this by using a set of five climate models and up to 13 hydrological models, for nine large scale river basins across the globe, under four emissions scenarios. The impact variable we consider in our analysis is daily river discharge. We analyze overall water availability and flow regime, including seasonality, high flows and low flows. Scaling effects are investigated by separately looking at discharge generated by global and regional hydrological models respectively. Finally, we compare our results with other recently published studies. We find that small differences in global temperature rise associated with some emissions scenarios have mostly significant impacts on river discharge—however, climate model related uncertainty is so large that it obscures the sensitivity of the hydrological system.
Scaling up of trachoma mapping in Salima District, Central Malawi

Background: A number of suspected endemic districts with Trachoma have not been mapped in Malawi, and this contributes to delays for scaling up trachoma control activities. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of trachoma and associated risk factors in one of the suspected endemic districts (Salima District) in central Malawi and to generate information to guide policy decisions. Methods: A population-based survey conducted in randomly selected clusters in Salima District (population 418,672), centralMalawi. Children aged 1-9 years and adults aged 15 and above were assessed for clinical signs of trachoma. Results: In total, 884 households were enumerated within 36 clusters. A total of 2765 persons were examined for ocular signs of trachoma. The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF) among children aged 1-9 years was 17.1% (95% CI 14.9-19.4). The prevalence of trachoma trichiasis (TT) in women aged 15 years and above was 1.3% (CI 0.7-2.3), while the prevalence in men was zero. The presence of a dirty face and lack of sanitation were significantly associated with trachoma follicular (P 10%), and warrants the trachoma SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Face washing and Environmental hygiene) control strategy to be undertaken in Salima District.
Mathematical modelling of angiogenesis and vascular adaptation 1

Angiogenesis, i.e. the process whereby new blood vessels are formed in order to supply nutrients and/or metabolites to starving tissue, plays a key role in the normal functions of many healthy organisms and also in pathological situations, such as wound healing or cancer. In the particular case of cancer, the study of tumour-induced angiogenesis was boosted by the research of Folkman and co-workers (Folkman, 1995). While the development of solid tumours is a rather complicated process, it can be assumed to occur in three different stages. During the first stage, solid tumours are avascular, i.e. they comprise a colony of cells that lacks its own blood supply. During this stage, there is typically a maximum, diffusion-limited size to which the tumour can grow (several millimetres) and it does not normally invade the host organ. Thus, avascular tumours are relatively harmless. The second stage of tumour growth starts when some of the cells within the avascular tumour secrete and release so-called tumour-angiogenic factors (TAFs). These substances diffuse towards the nearby vasculature, whereupon they degrade the basal membrane of the blood vessels and promote (chemotactic) migration
Investigation of Efficiency-Droop Mechanisms in Multi-Quantum-Well InGaN/GaN Blue Light-Emitting Diodes

Efficiency-droop mechanisms and related technological remedies are critically analyzed in multi-quantum-well (QW) InGaN/GaN blue light-emitting diodes by means of numerical device simulations and their comparison with experimental data. Auger recombination, electron leakage, and incomplete QW carrier capture can separately produce droop effects in quantitative agreement with experimental data, but “extreme” values, at the limit of or outside their generally accepted range, must be imposed for related droop-controlling parameters. Less stringent conditions are needed if combinations of the aforementioned mechanisms are assumed to act jointly. Applying technological/structural modifications like QW thickness or number increase and barrier p-type doping leads to distinctive effects on droop characteristics depending on the assumed droop mechanism. Increasing the QW number appears, in particular, to be the most effective droop remedy in case the phenomenon is induced by Auger recombination. Possible technology-dependent variation of droop-controlling parameters and/or multiple droop mechanisms can, however, make discrimination of droop origin on the basis of the effects of applied technological remedies very difficult.
A cluster-based evolutionary algorithm for the single machine total weighted tardiness-scheduling problem

In this paper a new evolutionary algorithm is described for the single machine total weighted tardiness problem. The operation of this method can be divided in three stages: a cluster forming and two local search stages. In the first stage it approaches some locally optimal solutions by grouping based on similarity. In the second stage it improves the accuracy of the approximation of the solutions with a local search procedure while periodically generating new solutions. In the third stage the algorithm continues the application of the local search procedure. We tested our algorithm on all the benchmark problems of ORLIB. The algorithm managed to find within an acceptable time limit the best-known solution for the problems, or found solutions within 1% of the best-known solutions in 99% of the tasks.
High-speed performance of partly gain-coupled 1.55- mu m strained-layer multiple-quantum-well DFB lasers

A partly-gain-coupled 1.55- mu m distributed feedback (DFB) laser with a strained-layer multiple-quantum-well (MQW) active region with high relaxation oscillation frequency and maximum intrinsic bandwidth of 28 GHz is reported. An effective differential gain of 1.80*10/sup -15/ cm/sup 2/ was achieved, which may be attributed to the strain effect in the MQW active region as well as the combination of the longitudinal gain/index coupling mechanism and fast lateral carrier injection from the cladding layers into the wells. <<ETX>>
Study on the Influences of Corporate Governance Characteristics on the Corporate Social Responsibility Information Revelation

This paper studies the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and corporate social responsibility information revelation (abbreviated as CSRIR) by using index analysis. The results show :1) there are significant negative relationships between board size, board independence and CEO duality and CSRIR; 2) there are significant positive relationships between management salary, the proportion of outstanding shares, the proportion of state shares and CSRIR under the level of 5%; 3) there is no significant relationship between ownership concentration and CSRIR.
Assessment of KAP, Risk Factors and Associated Co-Morbidities in Hypertensive Patients.

Objective: (1) To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of hypertensive patients. (2) To assess the risk factors and associated co-morbidities in them. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Shivaji Nagar urban slum which is a field practice area of Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, of TN Medical College Mumbai. Hypertensive patients above 40 years of age were included in this study. The information was gathered by personal interview using semi-structured proforma. Results: Out of 340 subjects 176 (51. 76% ) were males. Majority of subjects 43.82% belonged to joint family and 64.11% subjects were from III, IV, V socioeconomic class. 39.7% patients were unemployed and unskilled. 131 (38.52%) patients had the family history of Hypertension. majority of the patients 117 (34.41%) had Smokeless tobacco addiction, followed by Cigarettes smoking 45 (13.23%). Alcohol consumption and smokeless tobacco chewing both in 43 (12.64%) patients. 90 (26.47%) patients had Diabetes Mellitus along with Hypertension followed by Anaemia 68 (20%) and Osteoarthritis / Osteoporosis 51 (15 %). 221 (65%) hypertensive patients had BMI equal to or more than 25 Kg/ m 2 . Poor knowledge, attitude and practices were in 83.42%, 69.11%, 73.24% patients respectively. Mean systolic BP, Diastolic BP, Body mass index and weight was 145.58 mm of Hg, 92 mm of Hg, 25.09 Kg/ m 2 and 67.8 Kg respectively. Conclusion: Most of the patients had associated co-
Optimal Spatial-Dynamic Management of Groundwater Conservation and Surface Water Quality with On-Farm Reservoirs

We examine how much on-farm reservoirs can increase groundwater quantity and improve surface water quality using a spatial-dynamic model of farm profit maximization in the Arkansas Delta. Sensitivity analysis of the farm profit objective by including the value of surface water quality and the groundwater buffer value evaluates how accounting for environmental value affects the optimal crop mix, water use, and farm profits. The best policy for a critical water resource area is to have the government cost share construction of on-farm reservoirs because groundwater conservation and surface water quality goals are achieved efficiently for a modest redistribution of income.
THE EFFECT OF PLANNING IN L 2 SPANISH ORAL NARRATIVES

This study reports on an experiment in which a group of 14 American learners of Spanish as a foreign language performed two monologic production tasks with and without time for planning. Several hypotheses were tested concerning language complexity, grammatical accuracy, lexical complexity, and degree of fluency. As predicted, it was found that learners produced more complex, but not more accurate, language when given planning time. The results support the claim that planning is a task condition that can be manipulated in second language (SL) tasks so as to foster more developed interlanguage (IL) use in the short term.