Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Thrips and Frankliniella genus-groups: the phylogenetic significance of ctenidia

The two largest groups of species in the Thripidae, the Thrips and Frankliniella genus-groups, are not closely related, judging from the different chaetotaxy of the abdomen and head. The Thrips group is a lineage of species that apparently evolved in the Old World. In contrast, the Frankliniella group appears to be much older, possibly Gondwanan in origin, with independent diversifications into the South American and the S.E. Asian/Australian regions. Two new synonyms and one new combination are recognised amongst the Australian members of the Frankliniella group: Parabaliothrips montanus (Girault) [=Pseudanaphothrips annettae Mound & Palmer]; Pseudanaphothrips aureolus (Girault) [=Isochaetothrips melanurus Steele]. subfamily Thripinae in which most pest thrips, and all the vectors of tospoviruses, are placed. Currently the Thripidae comprises four subfamilies and a total of about 260 genera. However, three of these sub-families include a total of no more than about 55 genera (Panchaetothripinae with 35, Dendrothripinae and Sericothripinae each with about 10). Thus the Thripinae includes more than 200 genera, but with a supra-generic (Tribal or Sub-tribal) classification that is neither practical nor a reflection of relationships. For example, the “Chirothripini” represents a group of grass-living species that cannot be defined on any clear apomorphy, and the “Anaphothripina” has been used for a series of species whose only common characteristic is the lack of any long setae on the pronotum. Amongst the Thripinae, almost 50% of the 200 genera each include just one species, with a further 40 each including only two species, 50 genera each have less than 10 species, and less than 30 genera include more than 10 species each. Thus, only six genera of Thripinae include more than 50 species each. This high proportion of small and monobasic genera results in a classification with little information about evolutionary relationships. Recognising this, Mound & Palmer (1981) attempted to define a series of ‘genus-groups’, drawing together some of the thripine genera into assemblages, although some of the groups they recognised 380 THRIPS AND TOSPOVIRUSES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA 381 remain weakly defined. However, the two genus-groups based around Frankliniella and Thrips are particularly significant. Both can be defined by an apparently unique apomorphy, the presence of abdominal ctenidia, and these two groups are important because they include most of the recognised pest species.
Strong effect of season , but subtle responses to feed deprivation in 1 the brain transcriptome of Arctic charr 2

Strong effect of season, but subtle responses to feed deprivation in 1 the brain transcriptome of Arctic charr 2 Anja Striberny, Even H. Jørgensen, Christophe Klopp, Elodie Magnanou 3 4 Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway 5 Plateforme Bioinformatique Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées UBIA, INRA, Auzeville Castanet6 Tolosan, France 7 Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, F8 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France 9 10 Corresponding author: 11 Elodie Magnanou 12 phone : +33 4 30 19 24 02 13 e-mail : elodie.magnanou@obs-banyuls.fr 14 15
A 5 EE-268 EFFECT OF RECLAIMED ASPHALT PAVEMENT ON COMPLEX MODULUS AND FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF BITUMENS AND ASPHALTS

Use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) material in road construction industry is a very common practice, allowing for significant environmental and economical cost saving. Recently, evolution in field practice allows producing asphalts containing up to 60% of RAP material. However, most of the literature on the subject is based on studies involving lower RAP percentages. The presented study is part of a wider ongoing research project in the framework of a PhD thesis, in collaboration between Université de Lyon/Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat (ENTPE), EIFFAGE Travaux Publics and Beyond Petroleum (BP). The paper focuses on the influence of the percentage of RAP material on mechanical response of asphalts. Particularly, effects of high contents of RAP are observed. Mixtures are produced by mixing a well known RAP material (provided by EIFFAGE Travaux Publics) with pure bitumens (provided by BP) and aggregates. Typical sets of RAP contents and virgin bitumen penetration grades were adopted. Complex modulus and fatigue tests were performed and experimental results discussed. Typical test methods (types, temperatures and frequencies) commonly used by construction industry were chosen for the experimental campaign. Complex modulus of bitumens and asphalts shows an increase with RAP material content: moreover, stiffness growth trends of both materials exhibit a linear relationship. Fatigue resistance of asphalts containing 60% of RAP appears satisfactory. Material performance evaluations based on DSR tests for bitumens and two-point bending tests for asphalts are not coherent.
Applicability of the IEC 62443 standard in Industry 4.0 / IIoT

Today's industrial automation systems are undergoing a digital transformation that implies a shift towards the Internet of Things (IoT), leading to the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) paradigm. Existing Industrial Automated Control Systems (IACS), enriched with a potentially large number of IoT devices are expected to make systems more efficient, flexible, provide intelligence, and ultimately enable autonomous control. In general, the majority of such systems come with high level of criticality that calls for well-established methods and approaches when achieving cybersecurity, preferably prescribed by a standard. IEC 62443 is an industrial standard that provides procedures to manage risks related to cybersecurity threats in IACS. Given the new IIoT paradigm, it is likely that existing standards are not sufficiently aligned with the challenges related to developing and maintaining cybersecurity in such systems. In this paper we review the applicability of the IEC 62443 standard in IIoT contexts and discuss potential challenges the process owners might encounter. Our analysis underlines that some areas within the standard could prove difficult to reach compliance with. In particular, handling of cross zone communication and software updates require additional guidance.
Up-regulation of SPC25 promotes breast cancer

In this study, expression of the SPC25 gene was characterized in breast cancer (BC), and its effects on BC development and progression, functions in BC cells, and potential underlying mechanisms were examined. Data from TCGAportal and FIREBROWSE indicated that SPC25 was upregulated in BC tissues compared to normal tissues, and CANCERTOOL indicated that higher SPC25 mRNA levels were associated with increased probability of recurrence and poorer survival in BC patients. BC patients with higher SPC25 expression displayed shorter distant metastasis-free survival, relapse-free survival, and overall survival. Colony formation and CCK-8 experiments confirmed that SPC25 promoted proliferation of BC cells. Single-cell analysis indicated that SPC25 is associated with cell cycle regulation, DNA damage and repair, and BC cell proliferation. SPC25 knockdown suppressed proliferation of BC cells. MiRNAs, circRNAs, RNA-binding proteins, transcription factors, and immune factors that might interact with SPC25 mRNA to promote BC were also identified. These findings suggest that SPC25 levels are higher in more malignant BC subtypes and are associated with poor prognosis in BC patients. In addition, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and transcription factors inhibitor treatments targeting SPC25 might improve survival in BC patients.
Evaluating Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics After Switching From Infliximab Originator to Biosimilar CT-P13: Experience From a Large Tertiary Referral Center.

BACKGROUND The use of infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 has increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Nevertheless, doubts about switching from infliximab originator to biosimilar still exist among patients and health care professionals. METHODS Our tertiary referral center underwent a mandatory switch from infliximab originator to CT-P13 in 2017. We investigated pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of this switch. The primary endpoint was infliximab discontinuation within 6 months of switching. Secondary endpoints included loss of clinical remission, need for treatment optimization, adverse events, evolution of patient-reported outcome, C-reactive protein, infliximab trough levels, and antidrug-antibodies. RESULTS A total of 361 patients (54.0% male, 70.0% Crohn's disease, 55.6% in clinical remission) were enrolled. Infliximab discontinuation within 6 months was observed in 4%. Loss of clinical remission, adverse events, and antidrug-antibodies were identified in only 2.0%, 2.2%, and 1.1% of patients, respectively. C-reactive protein concentrations and infliximab trough levels remained stable. Independent factors associated with remission at 6 months were lower PRO2 at switch (HR 6.024; 95% CI, 4.878-8.000; P < 0.0001) and higher hemoglobin levels (HR 1.383; 95% CI, 1.044-2.299; P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Switching from infliximab originator to CT-P13 was not associated with an increased risk of treatment discontinuation, loss of clinical remission, or adverse events. No significant changes in infliximab trough levels or immunogenicity could be identified.
Toxin A-predominant Pathogenic C. difficile: A Novel Clinical Phenotype.

BACKGROUND Most Clostridioides difficile toxinogenic strains produce both toxins A and B (A+B+), but A-B+ variants also cause disease. We report the identification of a series of pathogenic clinical C. difficile isolates that produce high amounts of toxin A with low or non-detectable toxin B. METHODS An ultrasensitive, quantitative immunoassay was used to measure toxins A and B in stools from 187 CDI patients and 44 carriers. Isolates were cultured and assessed for in vitro toxin production and in vivo phenotype (mouse CDI model). RESULTS 7 CDI patients and 6 carriers had stools with detectable toxin A (range 23-17,422 pg/mL, 5.6% of samples overall) but toxin B below the clinical detection limit (<20 pg/mL; median TcdA:B ratio 17.93). Concentrations of toxin A far exceeded B in in vitro cultures of all 12 recovered isolates (median TcdA:B ratio 26). Of eight toxin A>>B isolates tested in mice, 4 caused diarrhea, and 3 of those 4 caused lethal disease. Ribotyping demonstrated strain diversity. TcdA-predominant samples were also identified at two other centers, with similar frequency (7.5% and 6.8%). CONCLUSION We report the discovery of clinical pathogenic C. difficile strains that produce high levels of toxin A but minimal or no toxin B. This pattern of toxin production is not rare (>5% of isolates) and is consistently observed in vitro and in vivo in humans and mice. Our study highlights the significance of toxin A in human CDI pathogenesis and has important implications for CDI diagnosis, treatment and vaccine development.
RESTORE-IMI 1: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Imipenem/Relebactam vs Colistin Plus Imipenem in Patients With Imipenem-nonsusceptible Bacterial Infections

Abstract Background The β-lactamase inhibitor relebactam can restore imipenem activity against imipenem-nonsusceptible gram-negative pathogens. We evaluated imipenem/relebactam for treating imipenem-nonsusceptible infections. Methods Randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Hospitalized patients with hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated pneumonia, complicated intraabdominal infection, or complicated urinary tract infection caused by imipenem-nonsusceptible (but colistin- and imipenem/relebactam-susceptible) pathogens were randomized 2:1 to 5–21 days imipenem/relebactam or colistin+imipenem. Primary endpoint: favorable overall response (defined by relevant endpoints for each infection type) in the modified microbiologic intent-to-treat (mMITT) population (qualifying baseline pathogen and ≥1 dose study treatment). Secondary endpoints: clinical response, all-cause mortality, and treatment-emergent nephrotoxicity. Safety analyses included patients with ≥1 dose study treatment. Results Thirty-one patients received imipenem/relebactam and 16 colistin+imipenem. Among mITT patients (n = 21 imipenem/relebactam, n = 10 colistin+imipenem), 29% had Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores >15, 23% had creatinine clearance <60 mL/min, and 35% were aged ≥65 years. Qualifying baseline pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (77%), Klebsiella spp. (16%), other Enterobacteriaceae (6%). Favorable overall response was observed in 71% imipenem/relebactam and 70% colistin+imipenem patients (90% confidence interval [CI] for difference, –27.5, 21.4), day 28 favorable clinical response in 71% and 40% (90% CI, 1.3, 51.5), and 28-day mortality in 10% and 30% (90% CI, –46.4, 6.7), respectively. Serious adverse events (AEs) occurred in 10% of imipenem/relebactam and 31% of colistin+imipenem patients, drug-related AEs in 16% and 31% (no drug-related deaths), and treatment-emergent nephrotoxicity in 10% and 56% (P = .002), respectively. Conclusions Imipenem/relebactam is an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment option for carbapenem-nonsusceptible infections. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02452047.
Impacts of ocean warming on kelp forest ecosystems.

Kelp forests represent some of the most diverse and productive habitats on Earth, and provide a range of ecosystem goods and services on which human populations depend. As the distribution and ecophysiology of kelp species is strongly influenced by temperature, recent warming trends in many regions have been linked with concurrent changes in kelp populations, communities and ecosystems. Over the past decade, the number of reports of ocean warming impacts on kelp forests has risen sharply. Here, I synthesise recent studies to highlight general patterns and trends. While kelp responses to climate change vary greatly between ocean basins, regions and species, there is compelling evidence to show that ocean warming poses an unequivocal threat to the persistence and integrity of kelp forest ecosystems in coming decades. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
“Double-tracking” Characteristics of the Spectral Evolution of GRB 131231A: Synchrotron Origin?

The characteristics of the spectral evolution of the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which are closely related to the radiation mechanism (synchrotron or photosphere), are still an unsolved subject. Here, by performing the detailed time-resolved spectral fitting of GRB 131231A, which has a very bright and well-defined single pulse, some interesting spectral evolution features have been found. (i) Both the low-energy spectral index α and the peak energy Ep exhibit the “flux-tracking” pattern (“double-tracking” characteristics). (ii) The parameter relations, i.e., F (the energy flux)-α, F–Ep, and Ep–α, along with the analogous Yonetoku Ep–Lγ,iso relation for the different time-resolved spectra, show strong monotonous (positive) correlations, both in the rising and the decaying phases. (iii) The values of α do not exceed the synchrotron limit (α = −2/3) in all slices across the pulse, favoring the synchrotron origin. We argue that the one-zone synchrotron emission model with the emitter streaming away at a large distance from the central engine can explain all of these special spectral evolution characteristics.
Single-atom electron paramagnetic resonance in a scanning tunneling microscope driven by a radio-frequency antenna at 4 K

Combining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) enables detailed insight into the interactions and magnetic properties of single atoms on surfaces. A requirement for EPR-STM is the efficient coupling of microwave excitations to the tunnel junction. Here, we achieve a coupling efficiency of the order of unity by using a radiofrequency antenna placed parallel to the STM tip, which we interpret using a simple capacitive-coupling model. We further demonstrate the possibility to perform EPR-STM routinely above 4 K using amplitude as well as frequency modulation of the radiofrequency excitation. We directly compare different acquisition modes on hydrogenated Ti atoms and highlight the advantages of frequency and magnetic field sweeps as well as amplitude and frequency modulation in order to maximize the EPR signal. The possibility to tune the microwave-excitation scheme and to perform EPR-STM at relatively high temperature and high power opens this technique to a broad range of experiments, ranging from pulsed EPR spectroscopy to coherent spin manipulation of single atom ensembles.
Critical fluctuations at a many-body exceptional point

Critical phenomena arise ubiquitously in various context of physics, from condensed matter, high energy physics, cosmology, to biological systems, and consist of slow and long-distance fluctuations near a phase transition or critical point. Usually, these phenomena are associated with the softening of a massive mode. Here we show that a novel, non-Hermitian-induced mechanism of critical phenomena that do not fall into this class can arise in the steady state of generic driven-dissipative many-body systems with coupled binary order parameters such as exciton-polariton condensates and driven-dissipative Bose-Einstein condensates in a double-well potential. The criticality of this ``critical exceptional point'' is attributed to the coalescence of the collective eigenmodes that convert all the thermal-and-dissipative-noise activated fluctuations to the Goldstone mode, leading to anomalously giant phase fluctuations that diverge at spatial dimensions $d\le 4$. Our dynamic renormalization group analysis shows that this gives rise to a strong-coupling fixed point at dimensions as high as $d<8$ associated with a new universality class beyond the classification by Hohenberg and Halperin, indicating how anomalously strong the many-body corrections are at this point. We find that this anomalous enhancement of many-body correlation is due to the appearance of a sound mode at the critical exceptional point despite the system's dissipative character.
Artificially Evolved Chunks for Morphosyntactic Analysis

We introduce a language-agnostic evolutionary technique for automatically extracting chunks from dependency treebanks. We evaluate these chunks on a number of morphosyntactic tasks, namely POS tagging, morphological feature tagging, and dependency parsing. We test the utility of these chunks in a host of different ways. We first learn chunking as one task in a shared multi-task framework together with POS and morphological feature tagging. The predictions from this network are then used as input to augment sequence-labelling dependency parsing. Finally, we investigate the impact chunks have on dependency parsing in a multi-task framework. Our results from these analyses show that these chunks improve performance at different levels of syntactic abstraction on English UD treebanks and a small, diverse subset of non-English UD treebanks.
Full-Duplex OFDM Radar With LTE and 5G NR Waveforms: Challenges, Solutions, and Measurements

This article studies the processing principles, implementation challenges, and performance of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based radars, with particular focus on the fourth-generation Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) mobile networks’ base stations and their utilization for radar/sensing purposes. First, we address the problem stemming from the unused subcarriers within the LTE and NR transmit signal passbands and their impact on frequency-domain radar processing. In particular, we formulate and adopt a computationally efficient interpolation approach to mitigate the effects of such empty subcarriers in the radar processing. We evaluate the target detection and the corresponding range and velocity estimation performance through computer simulations and show that high-quality target detection as well as high-precision range and velocity estimation can be achieved. In particular, 5G NR waveforms, through their impressive channel bandwidths and configurable subcarrier spacing, are shown to provide very good radar/sensing performance. Then, a fundamental implementation challenge of transmitter–receiver (TX–RX) isolation in OFDM radars is addressed, with specific emphasis on shared-antenna cases, where the TX–RX isolation challenges are the largest. It is confirmed that from the OFDM radar processing perspective, limited TX–RX isolation is primarily a concern in the detection of static targets, while moving targets are inherently more robust to transmitter self-interference (SI). Properly tailored analog/RF and digital SI cancellation solutions for OFDM radars are also described and implemented and shown through RF measurements to be key technical ingredients for practical deployments, particularly from static and slowly moving targets’ point of view.
High-degree gravity modes in the single sdB star HD 4539

HD 4539 (alias PG 0044 + 097 or EPIC 220641886) is a bright (V = 10.2) long-period V1093 Her-type subdwarf B (sdB) pulsating star that was observed by the Kepler spacecraft in its secondary (K2) mission. We use the K2 light curve (78.7 d) to extract 169 pulsation frequencies, 124 with a robust detection. Most of these frequencies are found in the low-frequency region typical of gravity (g-)modes, but some higher frequencies corresponding to pressure (p-)modes are also detected. Therefore HD 4539 is a hybrid pulsator and both the deep and surface layers of the star can potentially be probed through asteroseismology. The lack of any frequency splitting in its amplitude spectrum suggests that HD 4539 has a rotation period longer than the K2 run and/or that it is seen pole-on. From asymptotic period spacing we see many high-degree modes, up to l = 12, in the spectrum of HD 4539, with amplitudes as low as a few ppm. A large fraction of these modes can be identified and for ∼29 per cent of them we obtain a unique and robust identification corresponding to l ≤ 8. Our study includes also a new determination of the atmospheric parameters of the star. From low-resolution spectroscopy we obtain Teff = 22 800 ± 160 K, log g = 5.20 ± 0.02, and log(N(He)/N(H)) = −2.34 ± 0.05. By fitting the SED we obtain Teff = 23 470$^{+650}_{-210}$ K, R⋆ = 0.26 ± 0.01 R⊙, and M⋆ = 0.40 ± 0.08 M⊙. Moreover, from 11 high-resolution spectra we see the radial velocity variations caused by the stellar pulsations, with amplitudes of ≈150 m s−1 for the main modes, and we can exclude the presence of a companion with a minimum mass higher than a few Jupiter masses for orbital periods below ∼300 d.