Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explaining individual differences in scholastic behaviour and achievement.

BACKGROUND This paper presents results from the first wave of a longitudinal study examining the effects of various psychosocial variables on scholastic achievement and behaviour at school. AIMS The main aim is to investigate the nature and strength of the effects of major individual difference dimensions on important outcome variables at school level, including academic performance, truancy, and antisocial behaviour. SAMPLES Data were collected from a sample of 901 pupils on verbal ability (as a proxy for cognitive ability), personality traits, and a number of behavioural indices, including academic performance at 14 and 16 years, number of authorized and unauthorized absences, and exclusions from school due to antisocial conduct. METHODS During the first stage of the study, seven schools participated in all three phases. Teachers administered a questionnaire battery in class according to a detailed protocol. Additional data were collected from school archives. RESULTS Analysis of the data through multi-group (male and female pupils) structural equation modelling indicated a very strong effect of verbal ability on academic performance. Extraversion and psychoticism were negatively related to academic performance, although their effects were weak and moderated by gender. Verbal ability, extraversion, and psychoticism predicted absenteeism, truancy, and exclusions from school due to disruptive conduct. The latter three were negatively associated with academic performance. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that major individual difference dimensions like verbal ability and personality traits, have a strong influence on important outcome variables at school level, including academic performance, truancy, and antisocial behaviour. Without fully acknowledging the crucial role of individual differences in shaping behaviour and achievement at school, the timely identification of pupils at risk, and the development of effective intervention schemes will be difficult.
The Inherited Genetic Component of Sporadic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cancer, like many other complex diseases, has genetic and environmental components to its etiology. It is likely that relatively common genetic variants with modest effects on pancreatic cancer risk play an important role in both familial and sporadic forms of the disease, either individually or in interaction with environmental factors. The relatively high frequency of such variants means that they could potentially explain a substantial portion of disease risk. Here we summarize the findings published to date from genetic association studies1. In general, very few low-penetrance variants have been identified and those that have require replication in independent studies. Possible gene-environment interactions arising from these studies also require replication. More comprehensive approaches are needed to make progress, including global analyses of biologically sound pathways and genome-wide association studies. Large sample sizes are required to do this appropriately and multi-study consortia make this possible. A number of consortia of pre-existing studies have already been formed, and these will facilitate the identification of further low-penetrance variants and gene-environment interaction. However, these approaches do not substitute for the design of novel, sufficiently powered studies that apply uniform criteria to case selection, the acquisition of environmental exposure information, and to biological sample collection.
Reosseointegration Following Regenerative Therapy of Tissue-Engineered Bone in a Canine Model of Experimental Peri-Implantitis.

BACKGROUND Due to the existence of inflammation and limited osteogenesis on the precontaminated implant surface, reosseointegration is difficult to realize by current therapies. Tissue-engineering strategy has been proved quite effective in intractable bone defect situation. PURPOSE This study was designed to see whether the adoption of tissue-engineered bone complex of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene delivery would work efficiently in the correction of experimental peri-implantitis. METHODS All premolars in both side of mandibular were removed from six beagle canines three months before implant placement. Typical peri-implantitis were then induced by three month ligature placement. After the implementation of identical anti-bacterial and mechanical debridement therapy, the shaped peri-implant defect were stuffed with four groups of constructs, as A: beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP); B: β-TCP with ASCs; C: β-TCP with enhanced green fluorescent protein gene transduced ASCs (AdGFP-ASCs); and D: β-TCP with bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene-modified ASCs (AdBMP-2-ASCs). Systematic radiographic, micro-CT, and histomorphometrical assessments were performed. RESULTS After six months of healing, more bone formation and reosseointegration was found around the implant of groups B and C than group A. And group D further promoted the new bone height and reosseointegration percentage. Moreover, sequential fluorescence labeling tells that group D exhibited the quickest and strongest bone formation on the cleaned implant surface during the entire observation period as compared to the other three groups. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that tissue engineered bone of ASCs, BMP-2 gene delivery, and β-TCP could exert powerful therapeutic effect on peri-implantitis as expected, which may suggest a feasible way to maintain the stability and masticatory function of dental implant.
Innate Immune Response to Pulmonary Contusion: Identification of Cell Type–Specific Inflammatory Responses

ABSTRACT Lung injury from pulmonary contusion is a common traumatic injury, predominantly seen after blunt chest trauma, such as in vehicular accidents. The local and systemic inflammatory response to injury includes activation of innate immune receptors, elaboration of a variety of inflammatory mediators, and recruitment of inflammatory cells to the injured lung. Using a mouse model of pulmonary contusion, we had previously shown that innate immune Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) mediate the inflammatory response to lung injury. In this study, we used chimeric mice generated by adoptive bone marrow transfer between TLR2-/- or TLR4-/- and wild-type mice. We found that, in the lung, both bone marrow–derived and nonmyeloid cells contribute to TLR-dependent inflammatory responses after injury in a cell type–specific manner. We also show a novel TLR2-dependent injury mechanism that is associated with enhanced airway epithelial cell apoptosis and increased pulmonary FasL and Fas expression in the lungs from injured mice. Thus, in addition to cardiopulmonary physiological dysfunction, cell type–specific TLR and their differential response to injury may provide novel specific targets for management of patients with pulmonary contusion.
Combination therapy with arsenic trioxide, all‐trans retinoic acid, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin in recurrent acute promyelocytic leukemia

From 20% to 30% of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who are treated with all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) develop recurrent disease. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an effective agent for the salvage of patients with recurrent APL, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) has shown activity in patients with APL.
Risk Factor Analysis for Capsular Contracture: A 5-Year Sientra Study Analysis Using Round, Smooth, and Textured Implants for Breast Augmentation

Background: Although there are a few broadly agreed on contributory factors, the multifaceted causes of capsular contracture have remained unresolved for decades. This study investigates a variety of potential risk factors that contribute to capsular contracture in primary augmentation patients. Methods: The data used for this analysis include 5109 implants in 2560 primary augmentation patients implanted by 34 surgeons based on 5-year results from Sientra’s clinical study. Patients were evaluated at annual visits where the capsular contracture Baker grade was recorded. Potential risk factors, including patient attributes, implant attributes, surgery characteristics, pocket irrigation, and postsurgery characteristics, were analyzed using frequency and multivariate models. Results: A total of 265 capsular contracture events in 179 patients were reported through 5 years. The overall Kaplan-Meier rate for capsular contracture was 7.6 percent by device. The unadjusted analysis showed increased odds of capsular contracture in smooth devices, periareolar incision, subglandular placement, antibiotic and steroid pocket irrigation, recommended massage, and surgical bra (p < 0.05 for all). Results from the multivariate analysis, adjusting for all variables in the model, found six factors to be independently associated with capsular contracture (i.e., implant placement, implant surface, incision site, hematoma or seroma development, device size, and surgical bra; p < 0.05 for all). Conclusion: This analysis has provided evidence that submuscular placement and textured implants, in addition to other factors, are significant in reducing the incidence of capsular contracture.
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Preterm Infants

The goal of this study was to determine whether there was an association between perinatal risk factors of prematurity and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). A prospective case-control trial was designed. Fifty preterm newborns (100 ears) with a gestational age <37 weeks were included. The control group consisted of 20 healthy term infants (40 ears). VEMP recordings were performed, and mean latencies of p13 were calculated in all study subjects. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the influence of perinatal variables on abnormal VEMP responses. VEMPs were elicited in all term infants (40 ears). In preterm infants, the responses were normal in 71 ears, delayed in 24 and absent in 5. There was a significant difference between abnormal VEMP rates for preterm and term infants (p < 0.001). Asphyxia (OR = 13.985, p = 0.048) and time of VEMP test (OR = 0.865, p = 0.038) were related to abnormal VEMP responses. There was no association between delayed VEMPs and gestational age, birth weight, hemoglobin and bilirubin levels, phototherapy, intracranial hemorrhage, convulsions, sepsis, ototoxic drugs, transfusion, mechanical ventilation, retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and respiratory distress syndrome. These results suggest a delay in the maturation of VEMPs in premature infants. Asphyxia was the most important risk factor for abnormal VEMP responses in preterm infants.
Renal After Cardiothoracic Transplant: The Effect of Repeat Mismatches on Outcome

Background. Histocompatibility matching is not considered important in nonrenal solid organ transplants (NRSOT). There is no evidence to base guidance on whether mismatched human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens should be avoided in subsequent renal transplantation. Methods. This study examines the effect of repeat HLA mismatches on renal allograft survival and function in all renal after cardiothoracic transplants undertaken in the United Kingdom between 1997 and 2003 using the UK Transplant data. Results. A repeat HLA-A, -B, or -DR mismatch occurred in 16 of 53 (30%) cases. Recipients without a repeat mismatch were more likely to be male, but recipient age, donor age, recipient-donor age difference, donor gender, donor type, or cold ischemia time were comparable. Immunosuppressive therapy was similar in both groups. No differences were observed in renal allograft function at 1 or 5 years between the repeat mismatch group (estimated glomerular filtration rate [mean±standard deviation] 41.6±16.6 and 37.5±12.8 mL/min/1.73 m2) and the no repeat mismatch group (47.2±15.7 and 48.0±15.9 mL/min/1.73 m2). Renal allograft survival was also similar in the two groups at 1 and 5 years. Conclusions. In this limited, heterogeneous, observational cohort of cardiothoracic transplant patients who went on to receive a sequential kidney transplant, a repeated HLA antigen mismatch was not associated with a detrimental effect on kidney transplant outcome.
Metabolic actions of estradiol: significance for acute and chronic exercise responses.

Although estradiol (E2) is considered primarily for its role in reproduction, it can exert numerous physiological actions on a variety of tissues. However, there are several difficulties in isolating these actions and determining its impact for in vivo situations. Despite the limitations, it does appear that E2 can alter, under certain conditions, resting and acute exercise metabolism and blood glucose regulation. Specifically, E2 can increase lipid availability and utilization and decrease gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Development of glucose intolerance as a result of insulin insensitivity has also been documented. The mechanisms of E2 may be through direct alterations in key enzyme activity and membrane permeability or indirectly via changes in insulin:glucagon, cortisol, hGH, and catecholamine levels or sensitivity. Future research should focus on understanding the effects of exercise and diet on chronic E2 status and the resulting impact for a variety of conditions that include reproductive and skeletal integrity and predisposing metabolic risk factors for CAD and diabetes. In order to make meaningful correlations between E2 levels and physiological measurements such as bone mineral content, lipid profiles, glucose intolerance, etc., there needs to be a standard guideline for determining and defining one's "estrogen status. " Finally, in order to identify underlying mechanisms, an understanding of and appreciation for the interrelationships among the numerous compositional, metabolic, and (neuro)endocrine factors involved is needed. A general model is presented, along with specific applications, to study these interactions.
Rhabdovirus-Based Vectors with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Envelopes Display HIV-1-Like Tropism and Target Human Dendritic Cells

ABSTRACT We describe replication-competent, vaccine strain-based rabies viruses (RVs) that lack their own single glycoprotein and express, instead, a chimeric RV-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein composed of the ectodomain and transmembrane domains of HIV-1 gp160 and the cytoplasmic domain of RV G. The envelope proteins from both X4 (NL4-3)- and R5X4 (89.6)-tropic HIV-1 strains were utilized. These recombinant viruses very closely mimicked an HIV-1- like tropism, as indicated by blocking experiments. Infection was inhibited by SDF-1 on cells expressing CD4 and CXCR4 for both viruses, whereas RANTES abolished infection of cells expressing CCR5 in addition to CD4 in studies of the RV expressing HIV-189.6 Env. In addition, preincubation with soluble CD4 or monoclonal antibodies directed against HIV-1 gp160 blocked the infectivity of both G-deficient viruses but did not affect the G-containing RVs. Our results also indicated that the G-deficient viruses expressing HIV-1 envelope protein, in contrast to wild-type RV but similar to HIV-1, enter cells by a pH-independent pathway. As observed for HIV-1, the surrogate viruses were able to target human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, macrophages, and immature and mature human dendritic cells (DC). Moreover, G-containing RV-based vectors also infected mature human DC, indicating that infection of these cells is also supported by RV G. The ability of RV-based vectors to infect professional antigen-presenting cells efficiently further emphasizes the potential use of recombinant RVs as vaccines.
Evaluación del estado nutricional en niños y jóvenes escolarizados en Granada

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar el indice de masa corporal (IMC), el grado de actividad fisica y valorar el estado nutricional de ninos y jovenes escolarizados en Granada. Para ello se realizo un estudio nutricional en una muestra formada por 77 sujetos, 37 ninos (16 varones y 21 mujeres) con una media de edad de 11.46 ± 0.55 anos y 40 jovenes (20 varones y 20 mujeres) con una media de edad de 15.8 ± 0.75 anos, mediante un registro dietetico de 3 dias. Ademas se evaluo el IMC y el grado de actividad o sedentarismo realizando encuestas personales. Los resultados nos muestran como el aporte calorico de los macronutrientes fue desequilibrado: alto de lipidos (36.11%) y protidos (16.78%) y bajo de hidratos de carbono (47.09%). Con respecto a los micronutrientes, las dietas evaluadas fueron, en general, adecuadas, excepto en el caso de la vitamina E, acido folico, potasio y calcio para todos los grupos; magnesio para todos los grupos a excepcion del grupo de ninos genero femenino; y hierro para el grupo de jovenes genero femenino, donde se observan deficiencias. El IMC medio esta dentro de los valores de normopeso, sin embargo un alto porcentaje de los sujetos estudiados tienen unos IMC superiores a los establecidos como normopeso. El numero de sujetos activos va disminuyendo con la edad, independientemente del genero. Analizando los resultados parece conveniente realizar algun tipo de intervencion nutricional y de actividad fisica para prevenir posibles trastornos como es el caso de la obesidad.
Mode of Action of an Antiviral Peptide from HIV-1

DP178, a synthetic peptide corresponding to a segment of the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1), is a potent inhibitor of viral infection and virus-mediated cell-cell fusion. Nevertheless, DP178 does not contain gp41 coiled-coil cavity binding residues postulated to be essential for inhibiting HIV-1 entry. We find that DP178 inhibits phospholipid redistribution mediated by the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein at a concentration 8 times greater than that of solute redistribution (the IC50 values are 43 and 335 nm, respectively). In contrast, C34, a synthetic peptide which overlaps with DP178 but contains the cavity binding residues, did not show this phenomenon (11 and 25 nm, respectively). The ability of DP178 to inhibit membrane fusion at a post-lipid mixing stage correlates with its ability to bind and oligomerize on the surface of membranes. Furthermore, our results are consistent with a model in which DP178 inhibits the formation of gp41 viral hairpin structure at low affinity, whereas C34 inhibits its formation at high affinity: the failure to form the viral hairpin prevents both lipid and solute from redistributing between cells. However, our data also suggest an additional membrane-bound inhibitory site for DP178 in the ectodomain of gp41 within a region immediately adjacent to the membrane-spanning domain. By binding to this higher affinity site, DP178 inhibits the recruitment of several gp41-membrane complexes, thus inhibiting fusion pore formation.
The effect of dehydration on wrestling minimum weight assessment.

UNLABELLED Given that some wrestlers arrive for minimum weight (MW) testing in a dehydrated condition, it is important to understand the effects of dehydration on MW assessment methods. PURPOSE To determine the effect of dehydration on the assessment of MW by three-site skinfolds with the Lohman formula (SF), leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) compared with a four-component (4C) criterion. METHODS Twenty-two male collegiate wrestlers (mean +/- SD, age: 19.9 +/- 1.4 yr, height: 174.0 +/- 6.8 cm, body mass: 77.4 +/- 9.1 kg) had their body composition assessed by the 4C criterion, hydrostatic weighing (HW), SF, BIA, and BIS in euhydration (EUH) and dehydration (DEH). Subjects dehydrated 2-5% of body weight through fluid restriction and exercise in a hot environment. RESULTS In EUH, the total error (TE) for HW (1.75 kg) and SF (2.15 kg) were not significantly different, but the TE for HW and SF methods were significantly lower than the TE for both BIS (3.68 kg) and BIA (3.77 kg). In DEH, SF, BIA, and BIS methods had a TE approaching or exceeding 4 kg (8.8 lb). Dehydration increased the TE for SF and BIA through an artificial lowering of body weight and for BIS by an increased error in intracellular water prediction. CONCLUSION Acute thermal dehydration violates assumptions necessary for the accurate and precise prediction of MW by SF, leg-to-leg BIA, and multifrequency BIS.
Perceived environmental predictors of physical activity over 6 months in adults: activity counseling trial.

PURPOSE In the present study, the authors extend previous cross-sectional findings by using a prospective design to determine whether physical and social environmental characteristics predict physical activity over 6 months. DESIGN Inactive adults were recruited to the Activity Counseling Trial, a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of physical activity intervention in primary care. Participants were 387 women and 474 men aged 35-75 years in 3 regions; 1/3 were minorities; 56% had some college education. Baseline perceived environmental variables were used to predict physical activity at 6 months, adjusting for experimental condition and other potential moderators. MEASURES The validated 7-day physical activity recall interview was used to estimate minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity. A standardized survey was used to measure social and physical environmental variables around the home and neighborhood. RESULTS Women reporting no unattended dogs and low crime in their neighborhoods and men reporting frequently seeing people being active in their neighborhoods did 50-75 more minutes of physical activity per week than did those with different environmental characteristics. Interactions of environmental variables with age group suggested that older adults may be more affected by environmental variables than are younger adults. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported social and physical environmental variables were significantly related to moderate to vigorous physical activity among a diverse sample of adults living in 3 regions of the United States. These prospective findings strengthen the conclusion from previous cross-sectional studies that environmental variables are important correlates of physical activity.