Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Defense spending and fiscal multipliers: it's all in the variance

We provide estimates of U.S. government expenditure multipliers for defense and non-defense spending over 1939-2014, using a fairly standard DSGE model that includes anticipated military spending changes ("war news shocks"), and find the following. First, our model's war news shocks compare favorably to Ramey's (2011) narrative-based "defense news" shocks. Second, war news shocks have little effect on model variables regardless of the period under examination. Unanticipated military expenditure accounts for substantial movements in output, but only when observations from 1939 to 1954 are considered. Apart from that, movements in output are entirely driven by total factor productivity shocks. Third, our structural model can generate defense expenditure multipliers above unity under two conditions: (i) the multiplier is calculated using the peak of the impulse-response function and (ii) a large number of observations before and up to the Korean War are included. When multipliers are calculated according to Mountford and Uhlig's (2009) present-value definition, they never exceed unity, regardless of the sample under analysis.
Techniques for controlled synthesis of the Douglas-fir - Laccaria laccata ectomycorrhizal symbiosis

Laccaria laccata (Scop ex Fr) Cke est un champignon basidiomycete ectomycorhizien tres efficace pour la mycorhization controlee du douglas (Pseudotsuga taxifolia Poir Britt). L'etude de la biologie de cette symbiose a conduit a la mise au point d'un certain nombre de techniques experimentales pour realiser sa synthese en conditions aseptiques ou non aseptiques. Cette note decrit le traitement des graines, la preparation de l'inoculum fongique, les solutions nutritives, les substrats, les systemes experimentaux aseptiques (tubes a essais et boites de Petri) et non aseptiques (experiences en pots en serre et techniques de pepiniere a racines nues) (.)
Once in a Lifetime: the Date of the Wayland's Smithy Long Barrow

Twenty-three radiocarbon results are now available from the Wayland's Smithy long barrow, and are presented within an interpretive Bayesian statistical framework. Four alternative archaeological interpretations of the sequence are considered, each with a separate Bayesian model, though only two are presented in detail. The differences are based on different readings of the sequence of Wayland's Smithy II. In our preferred interpretation of the sequence, the primary mortuary structure was some kind of lidded wooden box, accessible for deposition over a period of time, and then closed by the mound of Wayland's Smithy I; Wayland's Smithy II was a unitary construction, with transepted chambers, secondary kerb and secondary ditches all constructed together. In the Bayesian model for this interpretation, deposition began in the earlier thirty-sixth century cal. bc, and probably lasted for a generation. A gap of probably 40–100 years ensued, before the first small mound was constructed in 3520–3470 cal. bc. After another gap, probably of only 1–35 years, the second phase of the monument was probably constructed in the middle to later part of the thirty-fifth century cal. bc (3460–3400 cal. bc), and its use probably extended to the middle decades of the thirty-fourth century cal. bc. Results are discussed in relation to the local setting, the nature of mortuary rites and the creation of tradition.
On the Marčenko-Pastur law for linear time series

This paper is concerned with extensions of the classical Mar\v{c}enko-Pastur law to time series. Specifically, $p$-dimensional linear processes are considered which are built from innovation vectors with independent, identically distributed (real- or complex-valued) entries possessing zero mean, unit variance and finite fourth moments. The coefficient matrices of the linear process are assumed to be simultaneously diagonalizable. In this setting, the limiting behavior of the empirical spectral distribution of both sample covariance and symmetrized sample autocovariance matrices is determined in the high-dimensional setting $p/n\to c\in (0,\infty)$ for which dimension $p$ and sample size $n$ diverge to infinity at the same rate. The results extend existing contributions available in the literature for the covariance case and are one of the first of their kind for the autocovariance case.
Conceptualizing Innovation Capabilities: A Contingency Perspective

Empirical research has confirmed that a positive relationship exists between the implementation of innovation activities and the future performance of organizations. Firms utilize resources and capabilities to develop innovations in the form of new products, services or processes. Some firms prove to be better at reproducing innovation success than others, and the capacity to do so is referred to as innovation capability. However, the term innovation capability is ambiguously treated in extant literature. There are several different definitions of the concept and the distinction between innovation capabilities and other types of capabilities, such as dynamic capabilities, is neither explicitly stated, nor is the relationship between the concept and other resource- and capability-based concepts within strategy theory established. Although innovation is increasingly identified as crucial for a firm’s sustainable competitiveness in contemporary volatile and complex markets, the strategy-innovation link is underdeveloped in extant research. To overcome this challenge this paper raises the following research question: What type of innovation capabilities are required to innovate successfully? Due to the status of the extant research, we chose a conceptual research design to answer our research question and the paper contributes with a conceptual framework to discuss what innovation capabilities firms need to reproduce innovation success. Based on careful examination of current literature on innovation capability specifically, and the strategy-innovation link in general, we suggest that innovation capability must be viewed along two dimensions – innovation novelty and market characteristics. This framework enables the identification of four different contexts for innovation capabilities in a two-bytwo matrix. We discuss the types of innovation capabilities necessary within the four different contexts. This novel framework contributes to the understanding of the strategy-innovation link as well as clarifies the conceptual understanding of capabilities within the strategy literature and establishes the relationship between these structures and innovation management theory.
Systematic study of X-ray cavities in the brightest galaxy in the Draco constellation NGC 6338

We present results based on the systematic analysis of currently available Chandra archive data on the brightest galaxy in the Draco constellation, NGC 6338, in order to investigate the properties of the X-ray cavities. In the central ∼6 kpc, at least two, possibly three, X-ray cavities are evident. All these cavities are roughly of ellipsoidal shape and show a decrement in surface brightness of several tens of per cent. In addition to these cavities, a set of X-ray bright filaments are also noticed which are spatially coincident with the Hα filaments over an extent of 15 kpc. The Hα emission-line filaments are perpendicular to the X-ray cavities. Spectroscopic analysis of the hot gas in the filaments and cavities reveals that the X-ray filaments are cooler than the gas contained in the cavities. The emission-line ratios and the extended, asymmetric nature of the Hα emission-line filaments seen in this system require a harder ionizing source than that produced by star formation and/or young, massive stars. Radio emission maps derived from the analysis of 1.4-GHz Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters survey data failed to show any association of these X-ray cavities with radio jets; however, the cavities are filled by radio emission. The total power of the cavities is 17 × 1042 erg s−1 and the ratio of radio luminosity to cavity power is ∼10−4, implying that most of the jet power is mechanical.
SEARCH FOR COSMIC NEUTRINO POINT SOURCES WITH FOUR YEARS OF DATA FROM THE ANTARES TELESCOPE

In this paper, a time-integrated search for point sources of cosmic neutrinos is presented using the data collected from 2007 to 2010 by the ANTARES neutrino telescope. No statistically significant signal has been found and upper limits on the neutrino flux have been obtained. Assuming an E−2ν spectrum, these flux limits are at 1–10 ×10−8 GeV cm−2 s−1 for declinations ranging from −90° to 40°. Limits for specific models of RX J1713.7−3946 and Vela X, which include information on the source morphology and spectrum, are also given.
Listening to male song induces female field crickets to differentially allocate reproductive resources

Differential investment in offspring by mothers is predicted when there is substantial variation in sire quality. Whether females invest more resources in the offspring of high-quality mates (differential allocation, DA) or in the offspring of low-quality mates (reproductive compensation, RC) is not consistent in the literature and both effects can be predicted by theoretical models. In the field cricket, Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae), females are attracted more to calling songs of high-quality males than to those of low-quality males. We tested whether females invest reproductive resources differentially based on perceived mate quality. We manipulated female perception of male quality by allowing virgin females to approach a speaker broadcasting either highor low-quality calling song (high or low calling effort respectively), and then mated them with a randomly chosen male that had been rendered incapable of calling. In the week following mating, females exposed to highquality calling song gained less weight, laid more embryos, and laid larger embryos than females exposed to low-quality calling song, although only the first of these effects was statistically significant. These results support the DA hypothesis and suggest that females invest their reproductive output based on a trait (calling effort) that is an honest indicator of male quality.
IMPACT BASIN RELAXATION ON RHEA AND IAPETUS AND 1

Evidence for relaxation of impact crater topography has been observed on many icy satellites, 47 including those of Saturn, and the magnitude of relaxation can be related to past heat flow (e.g. Moore et 48 al., 2004; Dombard and McKinnon, 2006). We use new global digital elevation models of the surfaces of 49 Rhea and Iapetus generated from Cassini data to obtain crater depth/diameter data for both satellites and 50 topographic profiles of large basins on each. In addition to the factor of 3 lower amplitude of global 51 topography on Rhea compared to Iapetus, we show that basins on Iapetus >100 km in diameter show little 52 relaxation compared to similar sized basins on Rhea. Because of the similar gravities of Rhea and 53 Iapetus, we show that Iapetus basin morphologies can be used to represent the initial, unrelaxed 54 morphologies of the Rhea basins, and we use topographic profiles taken across selected basins to model 55 heat flow on both satellites. We find that Iapetus has only experienced radiogenic heat flow since 56 formation, whereas Rhea must have experienced heat flow reaching a few tens of mW m, although this 57 heat flow need only be sustained for as little as several million years in order to achieve the observed 58 relaxation magnitudes. Rhea experienced a different thermal history from Iapetus, which we consider to 59 be primarily related to their different formation mechanisms and locations within the Saturnian system. A 60 recent model for the formation of Saturn’s mid-sized icy satellites interior to and including Rhea 61 (Charnoz et al., 2011) describes how Rhea’s orbit would have expanded outwards after its accretion from 62 a giant primordial ring, which would have instigated early heating through rapid despinning and tidal 63 interaction with Saturn and other satellites. Rhea’s basins would therefore be required to have formed 64 within the first few tens of Myr of Rhea’s formation in order to relax due of this heating, and if so may 65 provide an important anchor point for Saturn system chronology. None of these heating mechanisms are 66 viable for Iapetus in its isolated position far from Saturn, and as such it has remained dynamically inert 67 since formation, confirming conclusions based on thermal modeling of Iapetus’ interior. Rapid and 68 complete relaxation and subsequent erosion by bombardment of a ‘first generation’ of large basins on 69 Rhea is regarded as an explanation for the lower counts of large basins on Rhea relative to Iapetus, and 70 the overall lower amplitude of topography on Rhea compared to Iapetus. 71
Award Number DAMD 1794-J-4077 TITLE : A Comprehensive Repository of Normal and Tumor Human Breast Tissues and Cells

The FHIT gene, which spans the FRA3B fragile site at chromosome 3pl4.2, is a candidate tumor suppressor gene in breast and other cancers. We investigated FHIT and FRA3B for loss of heterozygosity (LOH); homozygous deletions,* abnormal transcripts; and acquired/germ-line point mutations in breast cancer cell lines (n = 32), breast epithelial and stromal cell cultures (n = 18), microdissected invasive (n = 16) and ductal in situ carcinomas (n = 6), and their accompanying normal and abnormal epithelial foci (« = 14). LOH at 3pl4.2, especially at FHIT intragenic marker D3S1300, was found in 6 of 16 microdissected invasive tumors and 3 of 6 ductal in situ carcinomas. In accompanying preneoplastic foci, LOH occurred in two of eight intraductal hyperplasias but not in histologically normal ductal epithelium (n = 6). Three of 32 (9%) breast cancer cell lines demonstrated homozygous deletions of FHIT exon 4 (two cases) and exon 5 (one case), which correlated with exon 4-deleted transcripts and loss of the cDNA transcript containing the coding exons 5-9, respectively. Normal mammary cultures and 31 of 32 tumor cell lines (97%) expressed wild-type coding transcripts as well as a minor exon 8-deleted message. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the coding exons in the 32 tumor and 18 normal breast cell lines and their sequencing revealed four silent polymorphisms and a germ-line histidine triad point mutation (651 G^T) in a tumor arising in a 70-year-old woman. This mutation was also present in one of her two thus far unaffected daughters. Analysis of additional DNAs from 280 probands of high-risk breast cancer families for other FHIT exon 8 mutations detected an intronic point mutation 13 bases upstream of exon 8. Thus, we have demonstrated relatively early abnormalities of the FHIT/FRA3B region in breast cancer and discovered two rare FHIT germ-line mutations. The expression of a transcript containing the coding exons in nearly all cell lines, including those with germ-line mutations, suggests the possibility that another gene in the FRA3B region may be involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
The form factors of τ → K π (η) ν and the predictions for CP violation beyond the standard model

We study the hadronic form factors of the τ lepton decays τ → K π(η)ν. We compute oneloop corrections to the form factors using the chiral Lagrangian including vector mesons. The counterterms that subtract the divergence of the one-loop amplitudes are determined by using the background field method. In the vector form factor, K ∗ resonance behavior is reproduced because a diagram with a vector meson propagator is included. We fit the data of the hadronic invariant mass spectrum measured by Belle by determining some of the counterterms of the Lagrangian. Besides the hadronic invariant mass spectrum, forward‐backward asymmetry is predicted. We also study the effect of CP violation of a two Higgs doublet model. In the model, CP violation of the neutral Higgs sector generates the mixing of CP-even Higgs and CP-odd Higgs. We show how the mixing leads to direct CP violation of the τ decays and predict the CP violation of the forward‐backward asymmetry.
Finances of Egyptian Listed Firms

The author presents an analysis of the finances of Egyptian listed companies evaluating recent trends in growth and profitability during the 1995-2001 period. The data from financial statements reveal the effect of the economic slowing of the past few years, especially in the construction and real estate sectors and especially in smaller companies. She finds that smaller firms appear to be less profitable and experience lower growth, likely because of being particularly adversely affected by many of the sources of the high costs of doing business in Egypt. While the Egyptian firms are not very highly leveraged on average, she finds that smaller firms have significantly less access to bank finance than larger firms do. This confirms the widely held view that there is a need to improve the availability of credit for small enterprises.
External condition removal in bearing diagnostics through EMD and One-Class SVM

The removal of the running conditions influencing data acquisitions in rotating machinery is a very important task because it could avoid some misunderstandings when diagnostic techniques are applied. This paper introduces a new parameter that could be able to identify damage in a rotating element of a roller bearing removing the effect of speed and external load. The parameter proposed in this paper is evaluated through Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Our algorithm proposes firstly the decomposition of the acceleration vibration signals into a finite number of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) and then the evaluation of the energy for each one of these. Data are acquired both for a healthy bearing and for one with a 450 μm large indentation on a rolling element. Three different speeds and three radial loads are monitored for both cases, so nine conditions can be evaluated for each type of bearing overall. The parameters obtained, namely energy evaluated for a certain number of IMFs, are then used to train a One-Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM). Healthy data belonging to the nine different conditions are taken into account and OCSVM is trained while other acquisitions are given to the classifier as test object. Since the real class membership is known, we consider how many errors the labelling produces. We compare these results with those obtained by considering a wavelet decomposition. Energies are evaluated for each level of decomposition and the previous approach is then applied to these parameters
An Examination into How Group Performance Is Influenced by Various Communication Channels

Abstract : This purpose of this research was to look at the how group performance is influenced by various communication channels. Specifically, this research sought to determine what communication factors are affected when groups are forced to use different communications channels. The three communications channels tested were face-to-face communications, audio conferencing, and computer-mediated communications through an Internet chat program. Each channel was measured on accuracy, efficiency, and total number of ideas generated. The research found that the groups using computer-mediated communications had a difficult time completing the exercises in the allotted time. Additionally, the computer-mediated produced significantly fewer total words and total inputs during the experiment. This research produced no statistical difference between any of the groups in total number of ideas generated and no statistical difference in any of the three categories between the face-to-face and audio conference groups. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Face-to-Face communications, audio
Boolean Function Analogs of Covering Systems

Summary Bob Hough recently disproved a long-standing conjecture of Paul Erdős regarding covering systems. Inspired by his seminal paper, we describe analogs of covering systems to Boolean functions, and more generally, the problem of covering discrete hyper-boxes by non-parallel lower dimensional hyper-sub-boxes. We exhibit how the Erdős problem is a special case of this general setup, where the side lengths of the boxes are primes. We discover that the primes were red herrings. Indeed, given this general framework, we can prove the same results for sequences other than the prime numbers; we only need a weaker asymptotic condition.
Computational aspects in the generation of higher-order safe primes

First, an introduction on the current trends of research about special primes is provided. Then, the definition and basic properties of safe primes are presented, extending the concept to higher-order safe primes. An explicit formula to compute the density of this class of primes in the set of the integers is also presented. Finally, explicit conditions are provided permitting the computation of safe primes of arbitrary order.
Image annotation and topic extraction using super-word latent dirichlet allocation

Abstract : This research presents a multi-domain solution that uses text and images to iteratively improve automated information extraction. Stage I uses local text surrounding an embedded image to provide clues that help rank-order possible image annotations. These annotations are forwarded to Stage II, where the image annotations from Stage I are used as highly-relevant super-words to improve extraction of topics. The model probabilities from the super-words in Stage II are forwarded to Stage III where they are used to refine the automated image annotation developed in Stage I. All stages demonstrate improvement over existing equivalent algorithms in the literature.
Trade, Aid and Terror

This study assesses the role of foreign aid in reducing the hypothetically negative impact of terrorism on trade using a panel of 78 developing countries with data for the period 1984-2008. The empirical evidence is based on interactive GMM estimations with forward orthogonal deviations. Bilateral, multilateral and total aid dynamics are employed whereas terrorism entails: domestic, transnational, unclear and total terrorism dynamics. The following findings have been established. First, while bilateral aid has no significant effect on trade, multilateral and total aids have positive impacts. Second total terrorism, domestic terrorism and transnational terrorism increase trade with increasing order of magnitude. Third, corresponding negative marginal effects on the interaction between foreign aid (bilateral and total) and terrorism display thresholds that are within range. Unexpected signs are clarified and policy implications discussed.