Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drivers and Barriers to Structuring Information in Electronic Health Records

While much research exists on aspects or phenomena related to or depending on structuring of information in the healthcare context, most of this has been limited to the study of specific Electronic Health Record (EHR) implementation, or to certain capabilities or functionalities of EHRs such as decision support, the narrative, and clinical classifications and terminology. The phenomenon of information structuring in EHRs per se, has received little research attention. This article presents a review on the subject of information structuring in EHRs. While research shows that increasing structuring of health information may be favorable to healthcare, there are also caveats. This paper expos-es and discusses both salient drivers and barriers described by the literature, by examining the phenomenon through seven identified themes: clinical decision support; competence; continuity of care; management; secondary uses; patient safety and quality of care; and patient empowerment. Even though increased use of structured health data (depending on context) has the potential to cause major impacts to healthcare, a middle path represented by the synergistic co-existence of both structured data and unstructured information seems to be the most feasible to follow for healthcare at the time being based on the available literature.
Interpretation of capillary zone electrophoresis compared with cellulose acetate and agarose gel electrophoresis: reference intervals and diagnostic efficiency in dogs and cats.

BACKGROUND Serum protein electrophoresis is widely used for diagnostic and research purposes. Cellulose acetate (CAE) and agarose gel (AGE) electrophoresis are the most frequently used methods, but capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is beginning to be used more in veterinary laboratories. However, reference intervals for CZE in animals and comparison studies with the other electrophoretic techniques are lacking, compromising the diagnostic utility of CZE. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to compare results obtained using CAE, AGE, and CZE; to establish reference intervals for CZE in dogs and cats; and to assess the capacity of CZE to detect abnormalities identified by AGE. METHODS Serum samples from 204 dogs, including 104 healthy animals, and 62 cats, including 28 healthy animals, were analyzed using automated systems for CAE, AGE, and CZE. Descriptive statistics and Passing-Bablok and Bland-Altman tests were used to compare results. For each technique, reference intervals were calculated based on results from healthy animals. Concordance between CZE and AGE in detecting pathologic changes was assessed using Cohen's k coefficient. RESULTS For most protein fractions, values obtained by CAE, AGE, and CZE were significantly different from each other, and constant and proportional errors were often detected. Nevertheless, reference intervals obtained by the 3 techniques overlapped. Moreover, Cohen's k coefficient demonstrated that the capacity of CZE and AGE to detect pathologic changes was comparable. CONCLUSIONS CZE performs comparably to AGE and CAE as long as CZE-specific reference intervals are used for interpretation and distinctive visual patterns for albumin, gaps between fractions, and subpeaks found on CZE tracings are recognized. In addition, CZE offers several technical advantages, such as ease of use and complete automation.
Binding Interpretations of Anaphors by Korean Heritage Speakers

This study investigates the potential incomplete acquisition of binding interpretations in Korean-English bilinguals by asking whether and how the majority language of these bilinguals (English) influences their family or heritage language (Korean), especially when exposure to and use of English starts very early. The experiment tested the long-distance and local interpretations of different Korean anaphors—caki, casin, and caki-casin—by 51 Korean-English bilinguals raised in Korean-speaking families residing in the United States (22 early bilinguals and 29 late bilinguals) together with a control group of 34 Korean monolinguals residing in Korea. Overall results indicated that the bilinguals maintain the distinction between local and long-distance anaphors, though not to the same degree as monolinguals. There was a tendency among early bilinguals to choose more local binding overall compared to the late bilinguals and Korean monolinguals. At the individual level, many early bilinguals failed to differentiate between caki-casin and casin in terms of binding distance, treating both as local anaphors, whereas monolinguals and late bilinguals tended to collapse caki and casin, treating both as long distance anaphors.
Impact of Leverage on Earning Management: Empirical Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan

The current study examines the impact of leverage on earning management in manufacturing sector of Pakistan. It selects the list of 159 non financial firms from Pakistan stock exchange for the time period from 2009 to 2015. The study has used Modified Jones Model 1995 as a proxy of earning management. Independent variable includes leverage along with three control variables i.e. growth, firm size and return on assets. The findings reveal that there is significant positive relationship between leverage and earning management activities while other variables of the firm i.e. return on assets and firm size were also found to be significant, whereas no significant relationship was found between growth and earning management activities. This study has also discussed the relationship between earning management and discretionary accruals. Implications of the study for different stakeholders have also been discussed. Keywords: Earning Management, Discretionary Accruals, Leverage, Non-Discretionary Accruals.
Did you hear that? Adversarial Examples Against Automatic Speech Recognition

Speech is a common and effective way of communication between humans, and modern consumer devices such as smartphones and home hubs are equipped with deep learning based accurate automatic speech recognition to enable natural interaction between humans and machines. Recently, researchers have demonstrated powerful attacks against machine learning models that can fool them to produceincorrect results. However, nearly all previous research in adversarial attacks has focused on image recognition and object detection models. In this short paper, we present a first of its kind demonstration of adversarial attacks against speech classification model. Our algorithm performs targeted attacks with 87% success by adding small background noise without having to know the underlying model parameter and architecture. Our attack only changes the least significant bits of a subset of audio clip samples, and the noise does not change 89% the human listener's perception of the audio clip as evaluated in our human study.
The Age-related Eye Disease Study 2 ( AREDS 2 ) Study Design and Baseline Characteristics ( AREDS 2 Report

Purpose: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) demonstrated beneficial effects of oral supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and minerals on the development of advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in persons with at least intermediate AMD (bilateral large drusen with or without pigment changes). Observational data suggest that other oral nutrient supplements might further reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD. The primary purpose of the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lutein plus zeaxanthin (L Z) and/or -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation in reducing the risk of developing advanced AMD. The study also assesses the reduction in zinc and the omission of -carotene from original AREDS formulation. Design: Multicenter, phase III, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Participants: Persons aged 50 to 85 with bilateral intermediate AMD or advanced AMD in 1 eye. Methods: All participants were randomly assigned to placebo (n 1012), L Z (10 mg/2 mg; n 1044), -3 LCPUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid docosahexaenoic acid [650 mg/350 mg]; n 1069), or the combination of L Z and -3 LCPUFAs (n 1078). All participants were offered a secondary randomization to 1 of 4 variations of the original AREDS formulation keeping vitamins C (500 mg) and E (400 IU) and copper (2 mg) unchanged while varying zinc and -carotene as follows: Zinc remains at the original level (80 mg), lower only zinc to 25 mg, omit -carotene only, or lower zinc to 25 mg and omit -carotene. Main Outcome Measures: Progression to advanced AMD determined by centralized grading of annual fundus photographs. Results: We enrolled 4203 participants at 82 clinical centers located in the United States. Population characteristics at baseline were as follows: Mean age, 74 years; 57% female; 97% white; 7% current smokers; 19% with prior cardiovascular disease; and 44% and 50% taking statin-class cholesterol-lowering drugs and aspirin, respectively. Ocular characteristics include 59% with bilateral large drusen, 32% with advanced AMD in 1 eye and mean visual acuity of 20/32 in eyes without advanced AMD. Conclusions: This report presents the AREDS2 study design and the participants’ baseline demographic and ocular characteristics. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references. Ophthalmology 2012;119:2282–2289 © 2012 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Inconclusive Results of Randomized Trials of Prenatal Vitamin D for Asthma Prevention in Offspring: Curbing the Enthusiasm.

In most large cities in the Northern hemisphere in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, rickets was an enormous public health problem, mainly because exposure to sunlight was limited, particularly for children.1 German physicians noticed that daily administration of a tablespoon of cod liver oil could reverse rickets, a finding that led to the discovery of vitamin D, its structure, and function. In the United States, most of the milk supply is now voluntarily fortified with vitamin D, whereas fortification of infant formula with vitamin D is mandatory.2 In many European countries, food fortification with vitamin D is not required by law,3 but vitamin D administration to infants and pregnant women is recommended. This public health intervention has been highly successful and has made rickets a rare disease.
Human Placenta Feeder Layers Support Undifferentiated Growth of Primate Embryonic Stem Cells

Various undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells can grow on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeders. However, the risk of zoonosis from animal feeders to human ES cells generally excludes the clinical use of these human ES cells. We have found that human placenta is a useful source of feeder cells for the undifferentiated growth of primate ES cells. As on MEF feeders, primate ES cells cultured on human amniotic epithelial (HAE) feeder cells and human chorionic plate (HCP) cells had undifferentiated growth. The cultured primate ES cells expressed Oct‐4, alkaline phosphatase, and SSEA‐4. The primate ES cells on HAE feeder cells produced typical immature teratomas in vivo after injection into severe combined immunodeficient mice. Human placenta is quite novel and important because it would provide a relatively available source of feeders for the growth of human ES cells for therapeutic purposes that are also free of ethical complications.
Comorbidity of Headache and Depressive Disorders

The goal of the present study was to investigate the clinical profile of patients with primary headache syndromes who also suffer from mood disorders. Four-hundred-and-seventy headache outpatients (170M, 300F) and 150 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were screened using a specific questionnaire that included the Hamilton rating scales for anxiety and depression. The average scores of the Hamilton rating scales for anxiety and depression were significantly higher in headache sufferers (17.4 and 14.2, respectively) than in healthy people (6.8 and 5.7, respectively). The frequency of headache attacks, the history of headaches, and gender (women more than men) were correlated with the score of the Hamilton rating scale for both anxiety and depression. Sixteen headache patients (3.4%) achieved the DSM-IV criteria for major depression or dysthymia versus one among headache-free subjects (0.6%; OR 5.2). Patients suffering from drug-overuse and migraine with aura showed the higher odds ratios (35 and 17, respectively). These results suggest that those headache patients with long history and high frequency of headaches, or patients suffering from migraine with aura and drug-overuse might benefit from psychiatric evaluation.
NuSTAR AND MULTIFREQUENCY STUDY OF THE TWO HIGH-REDSHIFT BLAZARS S5 0836+710 AND PKS 2149–306

Powerful blazars are flat-spectrum radio quasars whose emission is dominated by a Compton component peaking between a few hundred keV and a few hundred MeV. We observed two bright blazars, PKS 2149–306 at redshift z = 2.345 and S5 0836+710 at z = 2.172, in the hard X-ray band with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array satellite. Simultaneous soft-X-rays and UV–optical observations were performed with the Swift satellite, while near-infrared (near-IR) data were obtained with the Rapid Eye Mount telescope. To study their variability, we repeated these observations for both sources on a timescale of a few months. While no fast variability was detected during a single observation, both sources were variable in the X-ray band, up to 50%, between the two observations, with larger variability at higher energies. No variability was detected in the optical/NIR band. These data, together with Fermi-Large Area Telescope, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, and other literature data, are then used to study the overall spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these blazars. Although the jet nonthermal emission dominates the SED, it leaves the UV band unhidden, allowing us to detect the thermal emission of the disk and to estimate the black hole mass. The nonthermal emission is well reproduced by a one-zone leptonic model by the synchrotron, self-Compton, and external Compton processes. Our data are better reproduced if we assume that the location of the dissipation region of the jet, Rdiss, is in between the torus and the broad-line region. The observed variability is explained by changing a minimum number of model parameters by a very small amount.
Association of estrogen replacement therapy with the risk of osteoarthritis of the hip in elderly white women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy is associated with a reduced risk of radiographic findings of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS White women (N = 4366; age, > or = 65 years) who were participants in a cohort study of osteoporotic fractures. MEASUREMENTS AND METHODS Radiographs of the pelvis that were obtained in all subjects were assessed for radiographic features of OA of the hip on a summary scale of 0 (none) to 4 (severe OA). Postmenopausal estrogen use was assessed by interview. The association of current and past oral estrogen use with OA of the hip was analyzed by using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding variables (eg, indicators of osteoporosis and correlates of estrogen use). RESULTS Five hundred thirty-nine women (12.3%) had mild or greater radiographic findings of OA of the hip in at least 1 hip, and 214 women (4.9%) had moderate to severe findings; 17% and 24% of the women were current and past users of oral estrogen, respectively. Women who were currently using oral estrogen had a significantly reduced risk of any OA of the hip (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-0.86) and moderate to severe manifestation of disease (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33-0.88). Current users who had taken estrogen for 10 years or longer had a greater reduction in the risk of any OA of the hip (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.40-0.82) compared with that of users for less than 10 years (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.47-1.24). Current estrogen use for 10 years or longer was associated with a nonsignificant trend for a reduced risk of moderate to severe symptomatic disease (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.28-1.29). CONCLUSION Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy may protect against OA of the hip in elderly white women.
Evaluation of Induced Settlements of Piled Rafts in the Coupled Static-Dynamic Loads Using Neural Networks and Evolutionary Polynomial Regression

Coupled Piled Raft Foundations (CPRFs) are broadly applied to share heavy loads of superstructures between piles and rafts and reduce total and differential settlements. Settlements induced by static/coupled static-dynamic loads are one of the main concerns of engineers in designing CPRFs. Evaluation of induced settlements of CPRFs has been commonly carried out using three-dimensional finite element/finite difference modeling or through expensive real-scale/prototype model tests. Since the analyses, especially in the case of coupled static-dynamic loads, are not simply conducted, this paper presents two practical methods to gain the values of settlement. First, different nonlinear finite difference models under different static and coupled static-dynamic loads are developed to calculate exerted settlements. Analyses are performed with respect to different axial loads and pile’s configurations, numbers, lengths, diameters, and spacing for both loading cases. Based on the results of well-validated three-dimensional finite difference modeling, artificial neural networks and evolutionary polynomial regressions are then applied and introduced as capable methods to accurately present both static and coupled static-dynamic settlements. Also, using a sensitivity analysis based on Cosine Amplitude Method, axial load is introduced as the most influential parameter, while the ratio l/d is reported as the least effective parameter on the settlements of CPRFs.
The motivation of quantity surveyors in the Malaysian construction industry for improved job performance

The construction industry is significantly influenced by the competitive environment, and due to this, economy and quality of life have been affected and inevitably, the way people work has also changed in order to sustain them. In the construction industry, the employees’ motivation is important, as it is the factor that contributes to the job performance, and this includes the quantity surveyors. Motivation is the key factor that influences people to do better by initiating action into achieving goal(s), resulting in higher performance. Meanwhile, performance of employees is the measure of the quality of an organisation. In construction, quantity surveyors contribute to the overall construction performance, mainly, by adding value to the contractual and financial management of projects starting from the pre-construction stage until post-construction stage. However, the way quantity surveyors carry out their work has changed in order to adapt to the challenging environment. Unfortunately, there is no available motivation framework regarding the quantity surveying profession that relates to motivation towards improvement of job performance. Therefore, this research is carried out focusing on the motivation factors of quantity surveyors from three types of organisations, namely: government agencies; private consultancy firms; and private contracting firms, and in the context of the Malaysian construction industry. This research adapts a mixed-methods research in order to achieve triangulation, where archival and document reviews; and questionnaire survey strategies were adopted. Two hundred questionnaire surveys were distributed using three mechanisms: web-based; email; and postal. Seventy one questionnaires were received and analysed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis analysis and other related analysis using the SPSS software. To complement these findings, twenty two semi-structured interviews were carried out with individual quantity surveyors registered with the Board of Quantity Surveyors Malaysia. The interviews were analysed using content analysis through the Nvivo software after the transcription process was done. The result suggests that the motivation factors of quantity surveyors in the construction industry do not differ according to the different types of organisations; and hence, one conceptual framework for quantity surveyors, regardless of the types of organisations they work in/ with, is developed. The conceptual framework was developed and validated and will benefit the: individual quantity surveyors; construction organisations; professional bodies; and education institutions performance improvement when used correctly.
Kes1p shares homology with human oxysterol binding protein and participates in a novel regulatory pathway for yeast Golgi‐derived transport vesicle biogenesis.

The yeast phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (Sec14p) is required for biogenesis of Golgi‐derived transport vesicles and cell viability, and this essential Sec14p requirement is abrogated by inactivation of the CDP‐choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. These findings indicate that Sec14p functions to alleviate a CDP‐choline pathway‐mediated toxicity to yeast Golgi secretory function. We now report that this toxicity is manifested through the action of yeast Kes1p, a polypeptide that shares homology with the ligand‐binding domain of human oxysterol binding protein (OSBP). Identification of Kes1p as a negative effector for Golgi function provides the first direct insight into the biological role of any member of the OSBP family, and describes a novel pathway for the regulation of Golgi‐derived transport vesicle biogenesis.
The practical significance of mandibular accessory foramina.

— Study of dried specimens, dissections, radiographic and histologic examination of 300 human mandibles demonstrated the presence on beth internal and external aspects of the bone, of a number of accessory foramina containing nerve fibres. Clinical experience with 130 patients confirms the importance of these findings. “There is nothing, Sir, too little for so little a creature as man. It is by studying little things that we attain the great art of having as little misery and as much happiness as possible. ”—Boswell.
Interleukin‐10 is a potent inhibitor of tumor cytotoxicity by human monocytes and alveolar macrophages

The effects of purified human interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) on the expression of antitumor activity of human monocytes and alveolar macrophages (AMs) obtained by centrifugal elutriation and bronchoalveolar lavage, respectively, from the same healthy donors were examined. Monocytes and AMs were incubated for 16 h in medium with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of IL‐10 or IL‐4, and then their tumoricidal activity was assayed by measuring 125I‐IUdR release from human melanoma (A375) cells. Addition of IL‐10 to cultures of monocytes or AMs with LPS resulted in dose‐dependent suppression of their cytotoxicity against A375 cells, the suppression of the activity of monocytes being the higher. IL‐10 also suppressed the synergistic effects of interferon‐γ and desmethyl muramyldipeptide in activation of monocytes. IL‐10 inhibited the early induction phase of monocyte activation but not the effector phase (monocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity). IL‐10 plus IL‐4 inhibited the antitumor activities of AMs and monocytes much more than either IL‐10 or IL‐4 alone. IL‐10 and IL‐4 at sub‐optimal concentrations also showed synergistic inhibitory effects. These findings suggest that IL‐10 may be important in vivo in down‐regulating the antitumor activities of monocytes and AMs in the lung by inhibiting their productions of antitumor effector molecules. J. Leukoc. Biol. 55: 437–442; 1994.