Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suicide in the Northern Sudan

personality. In validation studies of the scale, people classified clinically as Personality Disorders were differentiated from people not so classified by the frequency with which they affirmed the presence of a certain cluster of symptoms. This cluster was called the Personality Disorder Scale. The defining characteristics of Personality Disorders used by clinicians are in terms of personality variables. Significantly more of the loss-of-control alcoholics, as reported in the paper, were classified by the scale as Personality Disorders. The mean Personality Disorder Scale score of the inability-to-abstain males in the sample was 3 @ 35, standard deviation . 74, and the mean score of the loss-of-control males was 6.09, standard deviation 2 @ 28 (t< 3 . 62 ; p< oo2). Mr. Kear-CoIwell may want to look up the references to the scale (2, 3), one of which I provided with the paper. He is also wrong about â€œ¿ the Foulds' system of
Multiplierless realization of recursive digital filters using allpass structures

Under certain conditions, an odd-order lowpass or highpass recursive digital filter can be decomposed into the sum of two allpass filters with real coefficients. This decomposition has the attractive property that, for its implementation, there exist structures where both the number of delays and the number of multipliers are equal to the filter order, thereby making the overall implementation very efficient. The paper develops some allpass filter structures that combine this advantage with those of some low-sensitivity substitution and transformation blocks for replacing unit delay elements. These combinations enable one to generate multiplierless implementations for odd-order recursive digital filters and even-order bandpass and bandstop filters. Utilizing these structures, along with allowing some marginally insignificant deviations in the specifications, such as in the passband and stopband tolerances, the total number of nonzero bits for multiplier coefficients, i.e., those of shifts and adds and/or subtracts, becomes quite small, making this approach very attractive. Alternatively, the overall filter can be designed with marginally stricter tolerances than the desired specifications in such a manner that it meets the criteria after quantizing the filter coefficients.
Nitrate in community water supplies and incidence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in Sardinia, Italy

Studies of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) evaluating risk associated with nitrate concentrations in community water supplies have found inconsistent results.1–4 To further explore this hypothesis, we compared the NHL incidence in 1974–1993 with nitrate monitoring data from 1971–1994 available for 75% (282 of 376) of the communes (administrative units) in Sardinia, Italy. We selected the 153 communes with at least one nitrate measurement in 1993 or earlier (median: 5 measurements; range: 1–51) after excluding the six major urban areas. The population of these 153 communes ranged from 140 to 61 636 (median: 2459) and included a population of 703 000 (41% of the Sardinian population). There were a total of 3909 nitrate measurements. The nitrate ion was measured by spectrophotometry with the sodium salicilate method. For our primary analysis, we used the …
A randomized study of ganetespib, a heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, in combination with docetaxel versus docetaxel alone for second-line therapy of lung adenocarcinoma (GALAXY-1).

CRA8007 Background: Heat shock protein 90 chaperone function is critical for the biological effects of several oncoproteins. Ganetespib (G) is a highly potent 2nd-generation Hsp90 inhibitor with a favorable safety profile and single-agent clinical activity. METHODS Based on synergistic preclinical interactions between docetaxel (D) and G, we conducted a randomized (1:1), international open-label study of D with or without G. Patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma, one prior systemic therapy, and ECOG PS 0/1 were included. D was given at 75 mg/m2 on day 1 of a three-week cycle. In the experimental arm, D was given on day 1 and G at 150 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15. The co-primary endpoints were PFS in patients with elevated LDH (eLDH) levels, or tumors harboring KRAS mutations. Key secondary endpoints were OS and PFS in all adenocarcinoma patients. Target enrollment was 240 adenocarcinoma, 120 eLDH, and 80 mKRAS patients. Statistical tests are 1-sided. RESULTS Enrollment of 255 adenocarcinoma patients completed in November 2012; results are reported for this population. Patient characteristics were balanced (median age 60 years, males ~60%, PS 0 ~40% and never-smoker ~25%). For D+G vs. D the median number of cycles delivered was 5 vs. 4; the grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia 38% vs. 37%; fatigue 4% vs. 3%; anemia 7% vs. 6%; diarrhea 3% vs. 0; fever with neutropenia 8% vs. 2%. At the time of abstract submission OS HR was 0.69 (90% CI 0.48 to 0.99, p=0.093), the PFS HR was 0.70 (90% CI 0.53 to 0.94, p=0.012), and the ORR was 15% vs 11%, favoring D+G. For patients that were enrolled >6 months after diagnosis of advanced NSCLC (N=175; 69%), a prespecified stratification factor, the OS HR was 0.41 (90% CI 0.25 to 0.67, p=0.0009), the PFS HR was 0.47 (90% CI 0.32 to 0.69, p=0.0005), and the ORR was 16% vs 12%. Updated results for both populations above, as well as for the eLDH and mKRAS subsets, will be presented. CONCLUSIONS D+G demonstrated improvement in OS, PFS, and ORR over D alone for second-line therapy of lung adenocarcinoma. A phase III study in second-line advanced adenocarcinoma patients (> 6 months from diagnosis) is ongoing (GALAXY-2). CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION NCT01348126.
Promoter selectivity control of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase by ionic strength: differential recognition of osmoregulated promoters by EσD and EσS holoenzymes

Transcription in vitro of two osmoregulated promoters, for the Escherichia coli osmB and osmY genes, was analysed using two species of RNA polymerase holoenzyme reconstituted from purified core enzyme and either σD (σ70, the major σ in exponentially growing cells) or σS (σ38, the principal σ at stationary growth phase). Under conditions of low ionic strength, the osmB and osmY promoters were transcribed by both EσD and EσS. Addition of up to 400 mM potassium glutamate (K glutamate), mimicking the intracellular ionic conditions under hyper‐osmotic stress, specifically enhanced transcription at these promoters by EσS but inhibited that by EσD. At similar high concentrations of potassium chloride (KCI), however, initiation at both these promoters was virtually undetectable. These data suggest that the RNA polymerase, EσS, itself can sense osmotic stress by responding to changes in intracellular K glutamate concentrations and altering its promoter selectivity in order to recognize certain osmoregulated promoters.
The Triakontatetraneuropeptide (TTN) Stimulates Thymidine Incorporation in Rat Astrocytes Through Peripheral‐Type Benzodiazepine Receptors

Astrocytes and astrocytoma cells actively express the diazepam‐binding inhibitor (DBI) gene, suggesting that DBI‐processing products may regulate glial cell activity. In the present study, we have investigated the possible effect of one of the DBI‐derived peptides, the triakontatetraneuropeptide (TTN), on [3H]thymidine incorporation in cultured rat astrocytes. Reversed‐phase HPLC analysis of incubation media indicated that TTN is the major form of DBI‐derived peptides released by cultured astrocytes. At very low concentrations (10‐14‐10‐11M), TTN induced a dose‐dependent increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation, whereas at higher concentrations (10‐10‐10‐5M) the effect of TTN gradually declined. In the same range of concentrations, the specific peripheral‐type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) agonist Ro 5‐4864 mimicked the bell‐shaped stimulatory effect of TTN on [3H]thymidine incorporation. The PBR antagonist PK11195 (10‐6M) suppressed the stimulatory action of both TTN and Ro 5‐4864 on [3H]thymidine incorporation, whereas the central‐type benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil (10‐6M) had no effect. The present study demonstrates that the endozepine TTN stimulates DNA synthesis in rat glial cells through activation of PBRs. These data strongly suggest that TTN exerts an autocrine/paracrine stimulatory effect on glial cell proliferation.
Arterial repair with synthetic patch by using titanium clips.

BACKGROUND Vascular closure staple (VCS) clips made of titanium were originally developed for microvascular anastomoses. There is limited experience with their applicability to vascular reconstruction in larger vessels. This study compares VCS clips to standard sutures in arterial repair using a synthetic patch. METHODS In an experimental study with pigs, two sequential 10-mm abdominal aortotomies were allocated randomly to synthetic patch (polytetrafluoroethylene) repair with VCS clips or continuous 6-0 polypropylene sutures. Angiographic, macroscopic, and microscopic results were assessed after 2 months. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the patency rate, vessel diameter at the repair site, or healing indices. The mean (SD) clamp time was 8.7 (3.0) minutes for clip repair and 14.3 (7.4) minutes for suture repair (p = 0.04), and the times required for the vessel reconstruction were 5.3 (1.3) and 9.3 (3.0) minutes, respectively (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Patched arterial repair with VCS clips is faster than sutured reconstruction with comparable results after 2 months of follow up.
Brachytherapy for Patients With Prostate Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/Cancer Care Ontario Joint Guideline Update.

Purpose To jointly update the Cancer Care Ontario guideline on brachytherapy for patients with prostate cancer to account for new evidence. Methods An Update Panel conducted a targeted systematic literature review and identified more recent randomized controlled trials comparing dose-escalated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with brachytherapy in men with prostate cancer. Results Five randomized controlled trials provided the evidence for this update. Recommendations For patients with low-risk prostate cancer who require or choose active treatment, low-dose rate brachytherapy (LDR) alone, EBRT alone, and/or radical prostatectomy (RP) should be offered to eligible patients. For patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer choosing EBRT with or without androgen-deprivation therapy, brachytherapy boost (LDR or high-dose rate [HDR]) should be offered to eligible patients. For low-intermediate risk prostate cancer (Gleason 7, prostate-specific antigen < 10 ng/mL or Gleason 6, prostate-specific antigen, 10 to 20 ng/mL), LDR brachytherapy alone may be offered as monotherapy. For patients with high-risk prostate cancer receiving EBRT and androgen-deprivation therapy, brachytherapy boost (LDR or HDR) should be offered to eligible patients. Iodine-125 and palladium-103 are each reasonable isotope options for patients receiving LDR brachytherapy; no recommendation can be made for or against using cesium-131 or HDR monotherapy. Patients should be encouraged to participate in clinical trials to test novel or targeted approaches to this disease. Additional information is available at www.asco. org/Brachytherapy-guideline and www.asco. org/guidelineswiki .
A team production model of corporate governance

Executive Overview A post-Enron consensus on corporate governance has emerged among investor groups, government regulators, and the private exchanges. The corporate board should function principally as a shareholder oversight body. To ensure independence from management, the board should have a substantial majority of independent, outside directors, who neither have business relationships with the firm nor social relationships with management. These reforms may decrease the probability for director complicity in managerial malfeasance. However, research has not demonstrated a relationship between board independence and firm performance. Corporate governance looks quite different when the firm is considered as a cooperative team to produce new wealth. From this “production” perspective, corporate governance recommendations differ substantially from recent reforms. Rather than have directors solely represent shareholder interests, boards should represent those stakeholders that add value, assume unique risk.
Attributing Human Uniqueness and Human Nature to Cultural Groups: Distinct Forms of Subtle Dehumanization

Research on subtle dehumanization has focused on the attribution of human uniqueness to groups (infrahumanization), but has not examined another sense of humanness, human nature. Additionally, research has not extended far beyond Western cultures to examine the universality of these forms of dehumanization. Hence, the attribution of both forms of humanness was examined in three cross-cultural studies. Anglo-Australian and ethnic Chinese attributed values and traits (Study 1, N = 200) and emotions (Study 2, N = 151) to Australian and Chinese groups, and rated these characteristics on human uniqueness and human nature. Both studies found evidence of complementary attributions of humanness for Australians, who denied Chinese human nature but attributed them with greater human uniqueness. Chinese denied Australians human uniqueness, but their attributions of human nature varied for traits, values, and emotions. Study 3 (N = 54) demonstrated similar forms of dehumanization using an implicit method. These results and their implications for dehumanization and prejudice suggest the need to broaden investigation and theory to encompass both forms of humanness, and examine the attribution of both lesser and greater humanness to outgroups.
Psychophysical and functional imaging evidence supporting the presence of central sensitization in a cohort of osteoarthritis patients.

OBJECTIVE The groin pain experienced by patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) is often accompanied by areas of referred pain and changes in skin sensitivity. We aimed to identify the supraspinal influences that underlie these clinical manifestations that we consider indicative of possible central sensitization. METHODS Twenty patients with hip OA awaiting joint replacement and displaying signs of referred pain were recruited into the study, together with age-matched controls. All subjects completed pain psychology questionnaires and underwent quantitative sensory testing (QST) in their area of referred pain. Twelve of 20 patients and their age- and sex-matched controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while the areas of referred pain were stimulated using cold stimuli (12 degrees C) and punctate stimuli (256 mN). The remaining 8 of 20 patients underwent punctate stimulation only. RESULTS Patients were found to have significantly lower threshold perception to punctate stimuli and were hyperalgesic to the noxious punctate stimulus in their areas of referred pain. Functional brain imaging illustrated significantly greater activation in the brainstem of OA patients in response to punctate stimulation of their referred pain areas compared with healthy controls, and the magnitude of this activation positively correlated with the extent of neuropathic-like elements to the patient's pain, as indicated by the PainDETECT score. DISCUSSION Using psychophysical (QST) and brain imaging methods (functional MRI), we have identified increased activity with the periaqueductal grey matter associated with stimulation of the skin in referred pain areas of patients with hip OA. This offers a central target for analgesia aimed at improving the treatment of this largely peripheral disease.
Neuronal Apoptosis in Fatal Familial Insomnia

The possibility that neuronal loss in prion diseases occurs through an apoptotic process has been postulated and is consistent with the lack of inflammation in these disorders. In order to test this hypothesis in FFI, in which neuronal loss is the predominant neuropathological feature, we examined samples of thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, cerebellum and medulla from 10 subjects with FFI. All the patients had the characteristic 178 N mutation of the PrP gene. Eight subjects were homozygous methionine/methionine at codon 129 and 2 were heterozygous methionine/valine. Apoptotic neurons were identified by in situ end labelling in all the FFI cases and in none of the controls. They were mostly found in damaged regions and their presence and abundance seemed to correlate closely with the neuronal loss. They were particularly abundant in the thalamus and medullary olives. In heterozygous cases who had a longer disease duration and more widespread cerebral changes, apoptotic neurons were also found in the neocortex and striatum. The abundance of apoptotic neurons also correlated well with microglial activation as demonstrated by the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens. PrPres immunostaining was almost invariably negative, consistent with previous data showing the lack of obvious correlation between neuronal loss and PrPres deposits in prion diseases.
A Rigorous 3-D NAND Flash Cost Analysis

Scaling challenges with NAND flash have forced manufacturers to consider monolithic 3-D process and device architectures as potential successor technologies. Those that involve a vertical cylindrical channel are regarded as favorites. These include bit-cost scalable (BiCS) NAND, pipe-shaped bit-cost scalable (p-BiCS) NAND, and terabit cell array transistor (TCAT) NAND. It has been assumed that their manufacturing costs decrease monotonically with the number of additional device layers. This paper presents a rigorous analysis of this assumption based on recently reported challenges associated with the construction of these architectures. It is shown that there is a minimum in die cost after which costs increase with increasing device layers. Also, achievable die sizes using these approaches may not even reach existing production NAND Flash. An important consequence is that monolithic 3-D approaches that involve more lithography-intensive steps may actually result in lower total cost provided that these scale appropriately.
Introductory techniques for 3-D computer vision

From the Publisher: FEATURES: Provides a guide to well-tested theory and algorithms including solutions of problems encountered in modern computer vision. Contains many practical hints highlighted in the book. Develops two parallel tracks in the presentation, showing how fundamental problems are solved using both intensity and range images, the most popular types of images used today. Each chapter contains notes on the literature, review questions, numerical exercises, and projects. Provides an Internet list for accessing links to test images, demos, archives and additional learning material.
Cross-cultural adaptation and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Motor Activity Log

OBJETIVO: Traduzir para o portugues brasileiro e adaptar transculturalmente o Motor Activity Log (MAL), instrumento especifico que avalia a funcao do membro superior mais afetado (MSMA) em hemiplegicos. METODOS: O MAL foi traduzido e adaptado seguindo instrucoes padronizadas e submetido a exame de confiabilidade teste-reteste (coeficiente de correlacao intraclasse, CCI). As demais propriedades psicometricas foram investigadas pela analise de Rasch em 77 hemiplegicos cronicos (41 homens, media de idade = 57,5 ± 12,4 anos). RESULTADOS: Tanto a escala de quantidade como a escala de qualidade do MAL obtiveram excelente CCI (0,98) para as pontuacoes totais. Quanto ao grau de dificuldade, "usar a chave para destrancar a porta" foi o item mais dificil na escala quantitativa, sendo "lavar as maos" o item mais facil. Na escala qualitativa, o mais dificil foi "utilizar o controle remoto da TV", e o mais facil, "secar as maos". A analise mostrou que o conjunto dos itens enquadrou-se no modelo; entretanto, quatro itens nao se encaixaram nas expectativas do modelo nas escalas quantitativa (itens 21, 16, 14 e 13) e qualitativa (itens 9, 21, 23 e 22). Foram localizadas pessoas com padrao erratico de respostas, e cinco individuos tiveram pontuacao minima. Constatou-se discrepância entre dificuldade dos itens e habilidade da amostra, indicando que as habilidades dos individuos estavam abaixo da dificuldade dos itens. Houve correlacao significativa entre a forca de preensao do MSMA e as medidas de habilidade dos individuos na escala quantitativa (r = 0,51; P & lt; 0,0001) e qualitativa (r = 0,57; P < 0,0001), e ainda entre as duas escalas nas medidas de habilidades dos individuos (r = 0,97; P < 0,0001). CONCLUSOES: O MAL-Brasil apresenta potencial para avaliacao do uso do MSMA de hemiplegicos cronicos brasileiros. Entretanto, apresenta limitacao para uso em individuos com comprometimento severo do MSMA. Ainda, a validade de construto foi comprometida pela presenca de itens erraticos. O MAL-Brasil deve ser aplicado em outras amostras para que sua validade seja mais amplamente investigada.
TAENIA CRASSICEPS CYSTICERCOSIS: PROTECTIVE EFFECT AND IMMUNE RESPONSE ELICITED BY DNA IMMUNIZATION

The nucleotide sequence of a protective recombinant antigen of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci present in all stages of Taenia solium (KETc7), cloned into pcDNA3 plasmid with the signal peptide sequence of the β-glycan receptor (pTc-sp7), has been shown to be effective in protecting mice against experimental infection of T. crassiceps. To explore further the possibilities of this form of immunization and the immune response induced, mice were injected intramuscularly (i.m.) or intradermally (i.d.) with 3 doses of pTc-sp7. Similar levels of resistance were found using either i.m. or i.d. immunization. Spleen cells from i.d. and i.m. DNA immunized mice induced a specific T-cell response to T. crassiceps antigens and to a synthetic peptide from the immunogen itself (GK-1). Proliferated cells were especially enriched in CD8+ CD4− T-lymphocytes. A clear increase in the percentage of CD3+ cells that produce γ-interferon and interleukin-2 was detected when measuring the intracellular cytokine production, an indication of the pTc-sp7 capacity to induce an effective cellular response. These results provide encouraging information on the use of KETc7 in the prevention of cysticercosis as well as a first insight into the characterization of the immune response induced by pTc-sp7 that hints to the relevance of cellular immunity in protection.
Comparison of uphill and downhill walking and concentric and eccentric cycling.

Seven male subjects (20 years, 176cm. 70kg, 16% body fat) walked on a treadmill at various grades (— 15 to + 30%) and speeds (up to 1 -56 m s−1) carrying loads up to 30 kg. They also performed concentric and eccentric cycling at exercise intensities (EI) ranging from 0 to-260 W (∼ 1600kpmmin7minus;1). Exercise bouts lasted 20min. At the same oxygen consumption, eccentric cycling elicited the highest heart rate, followed by downhill walking, uphill walking and concentric cycling. Only the regression line for eccentric cycling had a significantly higher slope than the other three regression lines (p<0-05). Average gross exercise efficiencies for uphill walking and concentric cycling were similar (13-5 and 14-5%), and were significantly different from those for downhill walking ( — 33-5%) and eccentric cycling ( — 60-6%). For each type of exercise, absolute efficiency was greater with increasing EI. Actual energy expenditures for walking uphill and on the level were then compared to predicted values using th.