Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modified Double Disc Synergy Test to Detect ESBL Production in Urinary Isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Various phenotypic methods are recommended in the routine practice to detect the ESBL production in gram negative bacilli. Among them, the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) which uses the third generation cephalosporins (3GC), is a simple and a reliable method. But the coexistence of AmpC may give false negative results. In such cases, the ESBL detection can be improved by using cefepime along with the third generation cephalosporins in DDST. METHODS A total of 350 urinary isolates (224 Escherichia coli and 126 Klebsiella pneumoniae) were studied for ESBL production by the modified double disc test (MDDST) i.e. by using cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefpopdoxime (third generation cephalosporins) and cefepime ( fourth generation cephalosporin) along with a amoxicillin-clavulanate disc. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION ESBL production was seen in 63.4% (142/224) Escherichia coli and in 60.3% (76/126) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates by MDDST. Among these, in twelve E.coli and five K.pneumoniae strains, only cefepime but none of the third generation cephalosporins showed synergism with amoxicillin-clavulanate. All these seventeen strains showed a clear extension of the edge of inhibition which was produced by cefepime towards the amoxicillin-clavulanate disc. These strains were further tested for AmpC co-production by the AmpC disc test and all these strains were found to be AmpC positive, thus revealing the superior activity of cefepime in detecting ESBLs in the bacteria which co-produced AmpC. A high degree of coresistance was found in the ESBL producers. CONCLUSION The ESBL detection can be improved by MDDST by using cefepime along with the third generation cephalosporins.
Investigation properties of rapeseed oil methyl esters/aviation turbine fuel Jet A-1 blends

The properties of rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and commercial biodiesel (B100) blends with aviation turbine fuel Jet A-1 were investigated. The RME (without improving additives) and B100 (with improving additives – including antioxidants and depressants) were blend with Jet A-1 fuel, to made six mixtures containing: 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% Jet A-1 by volume. Their blends were stable. Jet A-1 fuel and RME (B100) blends properties are indirect between Jet A-1 and RME properties. The density, kinematic viscosity at 40 C, cloud point (CP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and pour point (PP) RME, B100, Jet A-1 and their blends were measured. Adding the Jet A-1 fuel to the RME and B100 can be the method to improve its low temperature properties. The empirical equations for calculation the density, kinematic viscosity at 40 C, cloud point, cold filter plugging point and pour point RME (B100) blends with Jet A-1 fuel as a function of composition for predicting the properties of RME (B100) blends with aviation turbine fuel Jet A-1 give values in good agreement with experiments. There is good agreement between experimental viscosity data of blends with viscosity calculated with mixture equation by Arrhenius.
A Novel Objective Nutritional Score for Children on Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis

Objectives To establish a novel nutritional score based on a series of objective parameters capable of detecting protein-calorie malnutrition in children being treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD), to test the score in a healthy pediatric population, and to apply it to children on CPD to evaluate their nutritional status. Study Population 264 healthy school children (mean age 8.69 ± 3.26 years, range 3.05 – 14.98 years) and 29 patients treated with CPD for 1.75 ± 1.02 years (mean age 10.54 ± 6.28 years, range 2.8 – 15.24 years). Methods Nutritional status was evaluated by means of three sets of measurements: anthropometric (A1 and A2) and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) measurements. Anthropometry included two sets of measures: set A1 consisted of height (H), weight (W), and body mass index (BMI); set A2 consisted of midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), arm muscle area (AMA), and arm fat area (AFA). The BIA measurements included reactance, phase angle, and distance. All parameters are expressed as standard deviation scores (SDS). Tanner's, Rolland–Cachera's, and Frisancho's data were used as references for H, W, BMI, MAMC, AMA, and AFA; personal data obtained from 551 healthy boys and girls were used for the BIA indices. The nine anthropometry and BIA parameters were given scores of 1 to 5: 5 = > 0 SDS, 4 = ≤ 0 and > –1 SDS, 3 = ≤ –1 and > –2 SDS, 2 = ≤ –2 and > –3 SDS, and 1 = ≤ –3 SDS. Average scores were established for each of A1, A2, and BIA, and then summed to obtain the anthropometry–BIA nutrition (ABN) score. To establish the cutoff value between normal nutritional status and malnutrition, the method was first applied to the 264 healthy children; distribution percentiles were calculated for each area score and the ABN score. The ABN score corresponding to the 3rd percentile was considered the limit of normality and then applied three times to the 29 children on CPD, for a total of 87 nutritional assessments. Results The score corresponding to the 3rd percentile in the population of healthy children was 10.33. Among the CPD-treated children, 41.4% of the ABN scores were higher than 10.33 (indicating a state of normal nutrition) and 58.6% were lower (indicating various degrees of malnutrition). Severe malnutrition was found in only 1.1% of the cases. The values of all nine A1, A2, and BIA parameters, as well as serum albumin levels, were significantly higher in patients with an ABN score > 10.33 than in those with a score < 10.33. Conclusion The ABN score is a simple and objective method of assessing, in clinical practice, the nutritional status of children on CPD.
Magnetic resonance imaging measures of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used to diagnose and monitor multiple sclerosis (MS). Although MRI‐visible lesions are a key feature of MS, they are thought to correlate poorly with clinical progression. Neurodegeneration is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of MS, and MRI measures of brain atrophy have been suggested as surrogate markers of neuroaxonal loss and disease progression. This pathology may be more relevant to the progression of disability than focal inflammation. A number of MRI‐based methods have been developed for the measurement of global and regional brain atrophy. Natural‐history studies of MS and clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of MS have observed atrophy in these subjects above that seen in controls, over periods ranging from three months to years. Brain atrophy has also been incorporated as an outcome measure in therapeutic trials of disease‐modifying treatments. This paper considers neuroaxonal loss and the pathological basis of brain atrophy, methods developed to quantify brain atrophy, the findings of natural‐history and therapeutic studies, the relationship of brain atrophy to disability and cognition, and the future research directions and clinical applications of brain atrophy measurements. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short title : 3 D imaging P-type H +-ATPase in Arabidopsis roots 3 4 Title : Environmental and Genetic Factors Regulating Localization of the Plant Plasma 5 Membrane H +-ATPase 6 7

RESEARCH REPORT 1 2 Short title: 3D imaging P-type H + -ATPase in Arabidopsis roots 3 4 Title: Environmental and Genetic Factors Regulating Localization of the Plant Plasma 5 Membrane H + -ATPase 6 7 Miyoshi Haruta 1,2 , Li Xuan Tan 3 , Daniel B. Bushey 5 , Sarah J. Swanson 4 , Michael R. 8 Sussman 1,2 9 10 1 Department of Biochemistry, 2 Biotechnology Center, 3 Department of Ophthalmology & Visual 11 Sciences, 4 Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53706 and 5 Janelia 12 Research Campus, HHMI, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147 13 14 ORCID IDs: 0000-0003-1686-1860 (M.H.), 0000-0001-9374-3353 (M.R.S.) 15 16 17 One Sentence Summary: Cellular dynamics and localization of plasma membrane H + -ATPase 18 are determined by cell type, light condition, and a receptor kinase, FERONIA that regulates cell 19 elongation growth. 20 21 Author Contribution: M.H. and M.R. S. designed the experiments. M.H. performed all 22 molecular cloning and plant work. M.H. and S.J.S. operated the microscope and captured images. 23 L.X. T. , D.B. B. , and M.H. analyzed the image data. D.B. B. coded all of programs. M.H. 24 interpreted biological results with discussion with L.X. T. , D.B. B. , and S.J.S. M.H. wrote the 25 manuscript with M.R. S. L.X. T. and D.B. B. provided the text of the methods used for the data 26 analyses. All authors participated in reviewing and editing the manuscript. 27 28 Co-corresponding Authors: miyoshi.haruta@gmail.com and msussman@wisc.edu 29 30 Funding Information: This work is supported by funding to M.R. S. from the U.S. Department 31 of Energy (Basic Energy Sciences, # DEFG02-88ER13938) and the National Science Foundation 32 (MCB # 0929395), to M.R. S. and M.H. from the National Science Foundation (MCB-0929395), 33 and to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences from National Institutes of Health 34 (P30EY016665). 35 36 Plant Physiology Preview. Published on October 25, 2017, as DOI:10.1104/pp.17. 01126
Use Cases, Requirements, and Design Considerations for 5G V2X

Ultimate goal of next generation Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems is enabling accident-free cooperative automated driving that uses the available roadway efficiently. To achieve this goal, the communication system will need to enable a diverse set of use cases, each with a specific set of requirements. We discuss the main use case categories, analyze their requirements, and compare them against the capabilities of currently available communication technologies. Based on the analysis, we identify a gap and point out towards possible system design for 5G V2X that could close the gap. Furthermore, we discuss an architecture of the 5G V2X radio access network that incorporates diverse communication technologies, including current and cellular systems in centimeter wave and millimeter wave, IEEE 802.11p and vehicular visible light communications. Finally, we discuss the role of future 5G V2X systems in enabling more efficient vehicular transportation: from improved traffic flow through reduced inter-vehicle spacing on highways and coordinated intersections in cities (the cheapest way to increasing the road capacity), to automated smart parking (no more visits to the parking! ), ultimately enabling seamless end-to-end personal mobility.
Transport of interleukin‐1 across cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells

Background and purpose: The inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) has profound actions in the brain, causing neuronal cell death and exacerbating brain damage. While circulating levels are normally low, IL‐1 can be produced on the vascular side of the brain endothelium, and within the brain. The naturally occurring IL‐1 receptor antagonist has been administered peripherally in a Phase II trial in acute stroke patients; understanding how IL‐1 and IL‐1 receptor antagonist penetrate the brain is, therefore, of considerable importance.
Compliance with National Guidelines for the Management of Drug–Drug Interactions in Dutch Community Pharmacies

Background: Pharmacists contribute to the detection and prevention of drug therapy–related problems, including drug–drug interactions. Little is known about compliance with pharmacy practice guidelines for the management of drug–drug interaction alerts. Objective: To measure the compliance of community pharmacists with Dutch guidelines for the management of drug–drug interactions and to determine patient- and prescriber-related determinants for noncompliance. Methods: Sixteen clinically relevant drug–drug interactions were included in the study based on certain described criteria. From June to August 2005, Dutch pharmacists (N = 149) collected alerts occurring in daily patient care for these interactions as well as information related to the patient, the alert itself, the prescriber, and the management of the alert. Noncompliance was measured by comparing the management executed by the pharmacy with the national guidelines. Results: Overall compliance with the guidelines was 69.3% (n = 423), with large differences between the various drug–drug interactions. Male sex (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.52 to 3.31), oldest age (>75 y; OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.75), and polypharmacy (>7 medications; OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.46 to 3.80) were associated with a higher probability for noncompliance with the guidelines. Prescriber-related variables had no significant influence on guideline compliance. Substitution of one of the involved agents, recommended for most of the drug–drug Interactions, was executed in a small minority of cases. The outcome of interaction management, such as substitution, dose reduction, or temporary stop of one of the agents, was frequently inconsistent with the guidelines. Compliance rates were partly influenced by the ultimate decision made by the prescriber. In that way, pharmacies' compliance was not solely assessed. However, in only 22.5% of the cases was the drug–drug interaction presented to the prescriber. Conclusions: Noncompliance with Dutch guidelines for the management of drug–drug interaction alerts is common in community pharmacies. Further research into underlying reasons for noncompliance is warranted, such as the relation between pharmacist and prescriber in this context.
Advances in Neuroimaging: Surgical Localization

In 1859, 24-year-old John Hughlings Jackson arrived in London on the completion of his medical training (2–4). Shortly thereafter, in 1862, he joined the staff at the National Hospital for the Paralyzed and Epileptic in Queen Square (2,3). The National Hospital was founded in 1857, and the reputations of the world-renowned institution and the brilliant Jackson would soon become inseparable (3). During his illustrious careers he introduced the basic concept of the partial or localizationrelated epilepsies (1–4). Previously, it had been assumed that epilepsy was only associated with generalized tonicclonic seizure activity of lower brainstem origin (1,2,4). Jackson established the relationship between the localization of a structural intra-axial abnormality in the cerebral cortex and the epileptogenic zone, i.e., the site of ictal onset and initial seizure propagation (1–4). He also characterized the partial seizure types, documented the importance of the aura, introduced the concept of the “discharging lesion,” and validated the effect of epileptic brain tissue localization on ictal behavior (1–4). Jackson emphasized the importance of identifying the “local lesion,” which represented the functional or structural abnormality associated with the “partial external symptoms” (1,2). The neurological history and examination at that time were the only diagnostic tools available to search for the offending “local lesion” (1,2). Confirmation of the underlying pathology required a postmortem examination. Surgical treatment was introduced as a potential therapy for partial epilepsy in 1886 at Queen Square (5,6). Victor Horsley performed the first cortical resection on a patient of Jackson’s who had a partial seizure disorder related to a remote head injury (5,6). A 22-year-old patient had been involved in a carriage accident that resulted in a skull fracture and frontal lobe encephalomalacia (5). The patient ultimately experienced a significant reduction in seizure tendency after surgical treatment. Horsley reported the favorable experience with surgery in three patients with partial seizures (5,6). The effectiveness of these initial operative procedures validated the basic hypotheses of Jackson concerning localization-related seizure disorders and demonstrated the importance of lesion-directed surgery in the treatment of partial epilepsy associated with a pathological substrate. The observations of Jackson provided the rationale for the innovations in the neuroimaging of epilepsy that would occur during the twentieth century.
Electro-textile glove-tags for wearable RFID applications

We present passive UHF RFID electro-textile tags integrated into two types of gloves for wearable RFID applications. The performance of the electro-textile glove-tags is evaluated on a male test subject and the results are compared to glove-tags with copper tape antennas. Based on the achieved results, the read ranges of the electro-textile tags are very close to those of the copper tape tags and tags on both types of gloves show attainable read ranges of 2.5–3 meters, when measured near the human body.
Online sustainability information in local governments in an austerity context: An empirical analysis in Italy and Spain

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse and compare how austerity has influenced online sustainability information in Italy and Spain. Design/methodology/approach – The authors relate austerity policies to online information in order to ascertain whether austerity plays a role in the financial, organizational, social and environmental information disclosed on local government (LG) websites. The research has been conducted by analysing the websites of all Italian and Spanish LGs with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Findings – The results show that institutional and legislative pressures, as well as austerity measures, have played a relevant role in the increased production of information by LGs, although not all information is fully provided. Originality/value – The results may be of interest to managers and politicians as a stimulus to increase the flow of information. They may also be useful to policy makers, regulators and other stakeholders in order to foment environmental information.
Virtual Reality to teach anatomy

Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) have been gradually introduced in the curriculum of schools given the benefits they bring to classical education. We present an experiment designed to expose students to a VR session where they can directly inspect 3D models of several human organs by using Virtual Reality systems. Our systems allow the students to see the models directly visualized in 3D and to interact with them as if they were real. The experiment has involved 254 students of a Nursing Degree, enrolled in the Human anatomy and physiology course during 2 years (2 consecutive courses). It includes 10 3D models representing different anatomical structures which have been enhanced with meta-data to help the students understand the structure. In order to evaluate the students' satisfaction facing such a new teaching methodology, the students were asked to fill in a questionnaire with two categories. The first one measured whether or not, the teaching session using VR facilitates the understanding of the structures. The second one measured the student's satisfaction with this VR session. From the results we can see that the items most valuated are the use of the activity as a learning tool, and the satisfaction of the students' expectations. We can therefore conclude that VR session for teaching is a powerful learning tool that helps to understand the anatomical structures.
Early development of amacrine cells in the mouse retina: An electron microscopic, serial section analysis

The development of retinal amacrine cells in mice at the fifteenth day of gestation (E‐15) has been analyzed by reconstructing large numbers of cells from serial thin sections. This information has been supplemented by reconstructing cells from E13 and E17 retinas as well as autoradiographic studies of time of origin of cells arising in the period before E15. The presence of bipolar amacrine cells in the outer ventricular layer, first suggested by Cajal, has been confirmed by reconstructing cells from the E17 retina when a clearly defined inner plexiform layer (IPL) is first found. The less mature bipolar amacrine cells present at E17 resemble similar cells found in the E15 retina; they are distinguished from the pre‐axonic, migratory stage of ganglion cells by their flattened rather than cylindrical processes, the darker cytoplasm of these processes, and the position of their centrioles closer to the nucleus. Examination of large numbers of reconstructed cells throughout the thickness of the E15 retina has revealed no forms directly transitional from ventricualr cells to bipolar amacrine cells; insted, bipolar amacrine cells appear to be derived by retrograde (sclerally directed) migration of cells in the ganglion cell layer that resemble normal ganglion cells but lack axons. The origin of these anaxonic cells of the ganglion cell layer is not certain but several findings, including evidence of degenerating axons in the optic nerve, sugest that they are derived by loss of the primitive axons of ganglion cells. Thus amacrine cells may be formed by a relatively late differentiating event that occurs after migration of cells to the ganglion cell layer. Such a developmental origin would offer a plausible explanation for the displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer and IPL described in the adult, as well as perhaps the close similarity of the dendritic trees of certain subtypes of normal, nondisplaced, ganglion and amacrine cells.
Accuracy of d‐dimer/fibrinogen ratio to predict pulmonary embolism: a prospective diagnostic study

Summary. d‐Dimer and fibrinogen are elevated in many diseases presenting signs and symptoms similar to those seen in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). We tested the hypothesis that patients with PE have lower fibrinogen and higher d‐dimer values than patients in whom the diagnosis is suspected but safely excluded. One hundred and ninety‐one consecutive patients with suspected acute PE (85 positive, 106 negative) were investigated with a diagnostic strategy including d‐dimer, pretest probability, and helical computed tomography as first‐line tests. In 38 of 40 patients with suspected PE and d‐dimer <500 µg L−1, PE was excluded without further testing. During a 3‐month follow‐up, there was no clinical PE among these 38 and the 68 patients with a negative helical CT. In 151 patients with d‐dimer >500 µg L−1, d‐dimer, fibrinogen, and d‐dimer/fibrinogen ratio (D/F ratio) were different in PE‐positive compared with PE‐negative patients [medians (and ranges) for d‐dimer: 3793 (780 – 42 195) vs. 992 (621–6957) µg L−1, fibrinogen: 3.8 (0.4–6.2) vs. 4.7 (2.2–8.4) g L−1, and D/F ratio: 1.22 (0.15–85.45) 103 vs. 0.25 (0.09–1.03) × 103; P < 0.0001, respectively). The true positive rate was almost twice as high using D/F ratio >1.04 × 103 (49 of 85 patients; 57.6%) compared with d‐dimer >7000 µg L−1 (25 of 85 patients; 29.4%). Patients with acute PE have lower fibrinogen values than patients with suspected but excluded PE. D/F ratio >103 is highly specific for the presence of acute PE, and causes a doubling of the diagnostic rate compared with d‐dimer testing alone.
Properties and dynamics of inhibitory synaptic communication within the CA3 microcircuits of pyramidal cells and interneurons expressing parvalbumin or cholecystokinin

To understand how a network operates, its elements must be identified and characterized, and the interactions of the elements need to be studied in detail. In the present study, we describe quantitatively the connectivity of two classes of inhibitory neurons in the hippocampal CA3 area (parvalbumin‐positive and cholecystokinin‐positive interneurons), a key region for the generation of behaviourally relevant synchronous activity patterns. We describe how interactions among these inhibitory cells and their local excitatory target neurons evolve over the course of physiological and pathological activity patterns. The results of the present study enable the construction of precise neuronal network models that may help us understand how network dynamics is generated and how it can underlie information processing and pathological conditions in the brain. We show how inhibitory dynamics between parvalbumin‐positive basket cells and pyramidal cells could contribute to sharp wave‐ripple generation.