Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Motivational Power of the Happy Face

People who are cheerful have better social relationships. This might be the case because happy faces communicate an invitation to interact. Thus, happy faces might have a strong motivational effect on others. We tested this hypothesis in a set of four studies. Study 1 (N = 94) showed that approach reactions to happy faces are faster than other reactions to happy or angry faces. Study 2 (N = 99) found the same effect when comparing reactions to happy faces with reactions to disgusted faces. Supporting the notion that this effect is related to motivation, habitual social approach motivation intensified the motivational effect of happy faces (Study 3, N = 82). Finally, Study 4 (N = 40) showed that the reaction-time asymmetry does not hold for categorization tasks without approach and avoidance movements. These studies demonstrate that happy faces have a strong motivational power. They seem to activate approach reactions more strongly than angry or disgusted faces activate avoidance reactions.
Netrin-1-like-immunoreactivity Coexpresses With DCC and Has a Differential Level in the Myenteric Cholinergic and Nitrergic Neurons of the Adult Mouse Colon

Netrin-1 is a potent axonal and neuronal guidance cue in the developing nervous system. Netrin-1 functions are mediated by its receptors, such as deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) present on axons and neurons. Localization of DCC and Netrin-1 on various types of enteric neurons and their role in the mature enteric nervous system is unknown. The results of our study revealed that almost all enteric neurons and processes express DCC and Netrin-1 in the adult mice. Netrin-1-like-immunoreactivity (IR) was detected in the cytoplasm of neurons with some showing strong or weak staining. The majority of Netrin-1-like-immunoreactive enteric neurons were choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive. However, ~19% of neurons were strongly Netrin-1-like-positive but ChAT-negative while ~8% of neurons were Netrin-1-like-negative but strongly ChAT-positive. In contrast, almost all nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive enteric neurons displayed strong Netrin-1-like-IR. This differential intensity of Netrin-1 expression in the myenteric neurons might determine major neuronal subtypes regulating intestinal motility, ChAT-IR excitatory, and nNOS-IR inhibitory muscle motor and interneurons. This is the first study demonstrating the localization of DCC and Netrin-1 in the colonic myenteric plexus of the adult mice and their expression level determining two major neuronal subtypes regulating intestinal motility.
Anatomical study of the innervation of glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joint capsules: implications for image-guided intervention

Background and objectives In 2011, chronic shoulder joint pain was reported by 18.7 million Americans. Image-guided radiofrequency ablation has emerged as an alternative intervention to manage chronic shoulder joint pain. To optimize the effectiveness of shoulder denervation, it requires a detailed understanding of the nerve supply to the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints relative to landmarks visible with image guidance. The purpose of this cadaveric study was to determine the origin, course, relationships to bony landmarks, and frequency of articular branches innervating the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints. Methods Fifteen cadaveric specimens were meticulously dissected. The origin, course, and termination of articular branches supplying the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints were documented. The frequency of each branch was determined and used to generate a frequency map that included their relationships to bony and soft tissue landmarks. Results In all specimens, the posterosuperior quadrant of the glenohumeral joint was supplied by suprascapular nerve; posteroinferior by posterior division of axillary nerve; anterosuperior by superior nerve to subscapularis; and anteroinferior by main trunk of axillary nerve. Less frequent innervation was found from lateral pectoral nerve and posterior cord. The acromioclavicular joint was found to be innervated by the lateral pectoral and acromial branch of suprascapular nerves in all specimens. Bony and soft tissue landmarks were identified to localize each nerve. Conclusions The frequency map of the articular branches supplying the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints, as well as their relationship to bony and soft tissue landmarks, provide an anatomical foundation to develop novel shoulder denervation and perioperative pain management protocols.
Serum zonulin as a marker of intestinal mucosal barrier function: May not be what it seems

The protein, zonulin, has emerged as a popular serological marker to assess the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. However, there is limited information on the utility of serum zonulin to indicate gastrointestinal disease and the validity of zonulin detection in widely-used commercial assays. The current study reports differences in zonulin levels across patient groups with gastrointestinal dysfunction compared with healthy individuals, though methodological inconsistencies indicated that actual zonulin protein was not detected by the commercial assays applied. The nature of the assays’ detected antigen was investigated using immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometric analysis and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by protein staining. Top matches of the assays’ detected antigen included haptoglobin and complement C3 for the assay manufactured by CUSABIO (Wuhan, China) and complement C3 for the assay manufactured by Immundiagnostik AG (Bensheim, Germany). These findings confirm that current commercial zonulin assays are not detecting the actual protein as prehaptoglobin-2. Until assay methodology is improved, we advise the greater scientific and medical community to exercise caution in considering the measurement of serum zonulin as a marker of mucosal barrier integrity.
Estimating national rates of HIV infection among MSM, persons who inject drugs, and heterosexuals in the United States

Background: Calculating national rates of HIV diagnosis, incidence, and prevalence can quantify disease burden, and is important for planning and evaluating programs. We calculated HIV rates among MSM, persons who inject drugs (PWID), and heterosexuals in 2010 and 2015. Methods: We used proportion estimates of the US population classified as MSM, PWID, and heterosexuals along with census data to calculate the population sizes which were used as the denominators for calculating HIV rates. The numerators (HIV diagnosis, incidence, and prevalence) were based on data submitted to the National HIV Surveillance System through June 2017. Results: The estimated HIV diagnosis and incidence rates in 2015 were 574.7 and 583.6 per 100 000 MSM; 34.3 and 32.7 per 100 000 PWID; and 4.1 and 3.8 per 100 000 heterosexuals. The estimated HIV prevalence in 2015 was 12 372.9 per 100 000 MSM; 1937.2 per 100 000 PWID; and 126.7 per 100 000 heterosexuals. The HIV diagnosis rates decreased from 2010 to 2015 in all three transmission categories. Black individuals had the highest HIV diagnosis rates at both time points. The HIV incidence rates decreased among white MSM, MSM aged 13–24 years, PWID overall, and male and female heterosexual individuals; however, it increased among MSM aged 25–34 years. Conclusions: The estimated HIV diagnosis and HIV infection rates decreased for several transmission categories, and also race/ethnicity and age subgroups. MSM continue to be disproportionately affected. Disparities remain and have widened for some groups. Efforts are needed to strengthen prevention, care, and supportive services for all persons with HIV infection.
Incidence of Respiratory Complications Following Lumbar Spine Surgery

ABSTRACT Background: The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence, risk factors for, and types of respiratory complications occurring in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery. Methods: Patients undergoing various lumbar spine surgeries from 2007 to 2014 were identified using the PearlDiver patient record database from the nationwide insurance provider Humana Inc. Patient records were analyzed using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes and Current Procedural Terminology codes to determine the incidence of pneumonia, pleural effusion, pulmonary collapse, and acute respiratory failure for each procedure type. The incidence of these complications in patients with the risk factors diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and smoking was also examined. Results: A total of 64,891 patients (33,280 females; 31,611 males) within the Humana database underwent various lumbar procedures from 2007 to 2014. The overall incidence of respiratory complications in patients undergoing lumbar procedures was 5.7% (n = 3694) within 1 month of having the procedure. Pulmonary collapse was the most common complication with an incidence of 4.3% (n = 2792), followed by pneumonia 1.98% (n = 1285), acute respiratory failure 1.97% (n = 1279), and pleural effusion 1.6% (n = 1048). For each respiratory complication studied, single level discectomy had the lowest complication rate and multilevel anterior lumbar interbody fusion had the highest complication rate. The incidence of each individual respiratory complication was higher in patients who had a history of smoking, COPD, or diabetes mellitus than it was in patients with none of these 3 risk factors (P < .01). Conclusion: The results of this study show that patients who have a history of smoking, COPD, or diabetes mellitus are at a greater risk for respiratory complications following lumbar spine surgery. These findings are useful for patient selection, clinical decision-making, and preoperative counseling.
Have I Seen This Place Before? A Fast and Robust Loop Detection and Correction Method for 3D Lidar SLAM

In this paper, we present a complete loop detection and correction system developed for data originating from lidar scanners. Regarding detection, we propose a combination of a global point cloud matcher with a novel registration algorithm to determine loop candidates in a highly effective way. The registration method can deal with point clouds that are largely deviating in orientation while improving the efficiency over existing techniques. In addition, we accelerated the computation of the global point cloud matcher by a factor of 2–4, exploiting the GPU to its maximum. Experiments demonstrated that our combined approach more reliably detects loops in lidar data compared to other point cloud matchers as it leads to better precision–recall trade-offs: for nearly 100% recall, we gain up to 7% in precision. Finally, we present a novel loop correction algorithm that leads to an improvement by a factor of 2 on the average and median pose error, while at the same time only requires a handful of seconds to complete.
Determination, residue analysis, risk assessment and processing factor of pymetrozine and its metabolites in Chinese kale under field conditions

ABSTRACT A simple determination method for pymetrozine and its metabolites in Chinese kale was developed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The method had good linearity (R2 > 0.99), accuracy (recoveries of 73.2–94.1%) and precision (relative standard deviation of 2.5–9.8%). Field results showed that half-lives of pymetrozine were 3.0–4.1 d in Chinese kale, and terminal residue concentrations were all below the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s maximum residue limit (250 μg/kg) at harvest. Owing to risk quotient <100%, pymetrozine is unlikely to give rise to vital health concerns to humans following the recommended application guidelines. Moreover, effects of home processing on pymetrozine residues in Chinese kale were monitored. The processing factor values of four processes were between 0.19 and 0.60, which indicated that the used processes could remove pymetrozine residues from Chinese kale, especially pickling after washing process. The data could provide guidance to safe and reasonable use of pymetrozine and help Chinese governments establish a maximum residue limit for pymetrozine in Chinese kale.
Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS): Maternal Glycemia and Childhood Glucose Metabolism

OBJECTIVE This study examined associations of maternal glycemia during pregnancy with childhood glucose outcomes in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS HAPO was an observational international investigation that established associations of maternal glucose with adverse perinatal outcomes. The HAPO Follow-up Study included 4,832 children ages 10–14 years whose mothers had a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at ∼28 weeks of gestation. Of these, 4,160 children were evaluated for glucose outcomes. Primary outcomes were child impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Additional outcomes were glucose-related measures using plasma glucose (PG), A1C, and C-peptide from the child OGTT. RESULTS Maternal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was positively associated with child FPG and A1C; maternal 1-h and 2-h PG were positively associated with child fasting, 30 min, 1-h, and 2-h PG, and A1C. Maternal FPG, 1-h, and 2-h PG were inversely associated with insulin sensitivity, whereas 1-h and 2-h PG were inversely associated with disposition index. Maternal FPG, but not 1-h or 2-h PG, was associated with child IFG, and maternal 1-h and 2-h PG, but not FPG, were associated with child IGT. All associations were independent of maternal and child BMI. Across increasing categories of maternal glucose, frequencies of child IFG and IGT, and timed PG measures and A1C were higher, whereas insulin sensitivity and disposition index decreased. CONCLUSIONS Across the maternal glucose spectrum, exposure to higher levels in utero is significantly associated with childhood glucose and insulin resistance independent of maternal and childhood BMI and family history of diabetes.
IL-27 Promotes Human Placenta–Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Ability To Induce the Generation of CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ T Cells via the JAK/STAT Pathway in the Treatment of Experimental Graft-versus-Host Disease

Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) harbor immunomodulatory properties to induce the generation of suppressive T cells. MSCs have been successfully used in treating graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) accompanied by abundant inflammatory cytokines such as IL-27. This study investigated the effects of IL-27 on the human placenta–derived MSCs (hPMSCs) to induce generation of CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ T cells in vitro and in the humanized xenogenic GVHD NOD/SCID model. The results showed that the percentages of CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ T cells were significantly increased in activated human PBMC from both healthy donors and GVHD patients with hPMSCs and in the liver and spleen of hPMSC-treated GVHD mice, and the level of CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ T cells in the liver was greater than that in the spleen in hPMSC-treated GVHD mice. The serum level of IL-27 decreased and the symptoms abated in hPMSC-treated GVHD. Further, in vitro results showed that IL-27 promoted the regulatory effects of hPMSCs by enhancing the generation of CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ T cells from activated PBMC. Activation occurred through increases in the expression of programmed death ligand 2 (PDL2) in hPMSCs via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. These findings indicated that hPMSCs could alleviate GVHD mice symptoms by upregulating the production of CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ T cells in the spleen and liver and downregulating serum levels of IL-27. In turn, the ability of hPMSCs to induce the generation of CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ+ T cells could be promoted by IL-27 through increases in PDL2 expression in hPMSCs. The results of this study will be of benefit for the application of hPMSCs in clinical trials.
Role of Wood Fibers in Tuning Dynamic Rheology, Non-Isothermal Crystallization, and Microcellular Structure of Polypropylene Foams

Microcellular polypropylene (PP)/wood fiber composite foams were fabricated via batch foaming assisted by supercritical CO2 (scCO2). Effects of wood fibers on rheology, crystallization, and foaming behaviors of PP were comprehensively investigated. The obtained results showed that the incorporation of wood fibers increased the complex viscosity and the storage modulus of the PP matrix. Jeziorny’s model for non-isothermal crystallization kinetics indicated that wood fibers did not change the crystal growth. However, the crystallization rate of the PP matrix was decreased to a certain extent with increasing wood fiber loadings. The wood fiber exerts a noticeable role in improving the cell density and reducing the cell size, despite decreasing the expansion ratio. Interestingly, a “small-sized cells to large-sized cells” gradient cell structure was found around the wood fibers, implying cell nucleation was induced at the interface between wood fiber and PP matrix. When wood fiber loadings were specifically increased, a desirable microcellular structure was obtained. However, further increasing the wood fiber loadings deteriorated the cell structure. Moreover, the crystallinity of the composite foams initially decreased and then slightly increased with increasing wood fiber loadings, while the crystal size decreased.
Current perspectives in assessing humoral immunity after measles vaccination

ABSTRACT Introduction: Repeated measles outbreaks in countries with relatively high vaccine coverage are mainly due to failure to vaccinate and importation; however, cases in immunized individuals exist raising questions about suboptimal measles vaccine-induced humoral immunity and/or waning immunity in a low measles-exposure environment. Areas covered: The plaque reduction neutralization measurement of functional measles-specific antibodies correlates with protection is the gold standard in measles serology, but it does not assess cellular-immune or other parameters that may be associated with durable and/or protective immunity after vaccination. Additional correlates of protection and long-term immunity and new determinants/signatures of vaccine responsiveness such as specific CD46 and IFI44L genetic variants associated with neutralizing antibody titers after measles vaccination are under investigation. Current and future systems biology studies, coupled with new technology/assays and analytical approaches, will lead to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of measles vaccine-induced humoral immunity and will identify ‘signatures’ of protective and durable immune responses. Expert opinion: This will translate into the development of highly predictive assays of measles vaccine efficacy, effectiveness, and durability for prospective identification of potential low/non-responders and susceptible individuals who require additional vaccine doses. Such new advances may drive insights into the development of new/improved vaccine formulations and delivery systems.
Seafarers' views on the impact of the Maritime Labour Convention 2006 on their living and working conditions: results from a pilot study.

BACKGROUND The Maritime Labour Convention 2006 (MLC2006) entered into force in 2013 and is the first comprehensive set of standards for better living and working conditions covering aspects such as wages, contracts, food, medical care and social security. Currently, the Convention covers more than 90% of the world's shipping fleet. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the MLC2006 on the living and working conditions of seafarers and to test and adjust the methods for future use through a pilot study. This article presents the seafarers' perceived impact of MLC2006. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mixed-method research approach was used (February to April 2018). The quantitative data of 55 seafarers were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data obtained through a focus group interview and thematic content analysis was applied. RESULTS Remarkably, one third of the respondents pointed out a complete lack of improvement, while 43.6% stated that the MLC2006 had improved their working and living conditions "somewhat" and only 7.3% "to a great extend". The focus group participants agreed that the MLC2006 did not improve working conditions but mostly increased paperwork. Other issues of concern were the safety on board including safety training, long working hours connected to low manning, food and social difficulties. CONCLUSIONS For Danish seafarers, the MLC2006 did not have a significant impact, as most standards were in place before. It must be further investigated what the MLC2006 achieved for other flag states, especially in the light of its 5-year anniversary. Both methods yielded valuable data. Focus groups are an ideal setting to study the views of seafarers.
Only so Many Hours: Correlations Between Personality and Daily Time Use in a Representative German Panel.

Time is a finite resource, strictly limited to 24 hours a day. How people spend these resources is in many ways determined by necessities and external constraints, yet research on personality-situation transactions shows that people also choose their environments to resonate with their personality. This finding implies that daily time use and individual traits should be correlated. However, few studies have linked modern methods for assessing time use to individual differences in personality traits. In this study, we investigate correlations between the Big Five traits and time spent on various daily activities in the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), including 5,456 days in the lives of 1,364 individuals. Results converged towards previously reported personality-situation transactions. For example, extraversion predicted whether or not respondents reported meeting their friends, whereas openness was correlated negatively with watching TV. Effects were modest in size, ranging from r ≈ . 10 to . 25 Taking together, our findings corroborate the notion that our personality is robustly associated with the way we spend our lives.
The others: characterizing “other” therapeutic errors reported to a poison center

Abstract Background: Therapeutic errors are costly and result in unplanned hospital visits. Recent poison center studies on therapeutic errors have focused on coded data from either the National Poison Data System (NPDS) or individual poison centers. Approximately 21% of therapeutic errors reported to NPDS are coded as “other incorrect dose” (OI) or “other/unknown therapeutic error” (OU). The purpose of this study was to characterize errors coded as OI or OU reported to a single poison center. Methods: Retrospective, single poison center chart review was conducted of therapeutic error exposures with at least one scenario coded as OI or OU seen in or referred to hospitals from 1/1/2000 to 9/30/2017. Cases were reviewed and re-coded to predefined or newly created scenarios. Results: A total of 3413 cases were identified. There were 726 cases assessed as not therapeutic errors and re-coded as either intentional misuse (430), adverse reaction drug (204), or other non-therapeutic errors (82). Of the remaining cases, 1726 cases were re-coded to one of the 16 existing therapeutic error scenarios. After re-coding, there remained 971 coded as OI or OU. Most were due to double, triple, quadruple, or higher than recommended dose (477/971); an additional common error was mistaken strength (81/971). The remaining scenarios occurred in fewer than 50 cases each with greater than 40 different scenarios such that additional coded scenarios would not be feasible. Conclusions: Most cases coded as OI or OU could be recoded as one of the NPDS predefined therapeutic error scenarios or non-error reasons for exposure. Considering the large proportion of double dose cases and the unique errors associated with mistaken strengths of tablets, these scenarios could be appropriate to add as new predefined coding scenarios, which would aid in future research and patient counseling.