Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
More Than Addition The Use of Fractional Flow Reserve in Serial Stenoses*

Patients are often referred for cardiac catheterization based on typical symptomatology with or without stress testing documenting myocardial ischemia. Interventional treatment in these cases is confounded by the finding of moderate lesions, those with unclear hemodynamic significance based on angiographic stenosis severity alone. Hyperemic flow may be limited in stenoses as low as 45% diameter and other factors, such as residual cross-sectional area, lesion length, and collateral circulation influence resistance and flow, and therefore, symptomatology. We also acknowledge that determining the severity of coronary stenosis visually and even quantitatively with angiography has limitations and that stenosis severity is often visually overestimated. Although it is reasonable to assume that a moderate stenosis is the cause of typical exertional angina when no other identifiable culprit is identified, the intense scrutiny our profession has faced as well as the need to ensure we are acting in the best interest of our patients demand that we augment angiography with available invasive diagnostic technology in scenarios of questionable revascularization appropriateness.
Episodic memories of relationship quality, procedural knowledge of attachment scripts, and the experience of daughters caring for a parent with dementia

A caregiver’s attachment history with their parents may affect the thoughts, feelings, and behavior they now have as they care for a parent with dementia. Participants were 77 daughters of a parent with dementia. The nature of participant conscious episodic memories of their parental figures and unconscious procedural knowledge of caregiving processes (secure base script knowledge) were identified as two aspects of the caregiver’s relationship history that may impact their involvement in care, relationship conflict, critical attitudes, and strain. Our findings indicated that the nature of episodic memories of the caregiver relationship history with parental figures were significantly associated with stress and criticism of their parent. Greater unconscious procedural knowledge of the secure base script was associated with caregiver report of less conflict and less involvement in the caregiving tasks. Potential clinical implications of this pattern are also discussed.
Occupational burnout as a predictor of disability pension: a population-based cohort study

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether burnout predicts new disability pension at population level during a follow-up of approximately 4 years. The diagnosis for which the disability pension was granted was also examined in relation to the level of burnout. Methods: We used a population-based cohort sample (n = 3125) of 30–60-year-old employees from an epidemiological health study, the Health 2000 Study, gathered during 2000–2001 in Finland. The data collection comprised an interview, a clinical health examination including a standardised mental health interview, and a questionnaire including the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. Disability pensions and their causes until December 2004 were extracted from national pension records. The association between burnout and new disability pension was analysed with logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors and health at baseline. Results: Altogether 113 persons were granted a new disability pension during the follow-up: 22% of those with severe burnout, 6% of those with mild burnout, and 2% of those with no burnout at baseline. After sociodemographic factors and health were adjusted for, each one-point increase in the overall burnout sum score was related to 49% increase in the odds for a future disability pension. A disability pension was most often granted on the basis of mental and behavioural disorders and diseases of the musculoskeletal system among those with burnout. After adjustments, exhaustion dimension among men and cynicism dimension among a combined group of men and women predicted new disability pensions. Conclusion: Burnout predicts permanent work disability and could therefore be used as a risk marker of chronic health-related work stress. To prevent early exit from work life, working conditions and employee burnout should be regularly assessed with the help of occupational health services.
Screening for α1‐Pi deficiency in patients with lung diseases

In patients with pulmonary emphysema, studies have reported 2–3% of individuals with severe α1‐Pi deficiency. The aims of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of a new method for quantifying α1‐Pi through phenotyping from dried blood spots (DBS) and to test the hypothesis that the screening of a population at risk increases the detection rate for severe α1‐Pi deficiency. The accuracy of phenotyping results from DBS was compared to conventional methods in a total of 555 individuals. In a prospective study 1,060 patients with chronic lung disease were screened for α1‐Pi deficiency using DBS. The validation of the phenotyping method from DBS showed an accuracy of 100%. Out of 1,060 tested patients, none had a severe PiZ deficiency and only 3 had PiSZ, whilst 36 (3.34%) individuals were identified as heterozygous for PiMS and 39 (3.68%) for PiMZ. No patients with severe α1‐Pi deficiency could be detected in this population and the frequency of PiMS or PiMZ detected was similar to that of the normal population. Thus, the screening of an unselected population of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma patients may not detect a large number of individuals with severe α1‐Pi deficiency.
Infusion of statistical science in comparative effectiveness research

Purpose We present a general introduction to comparative effectiveness research (CER) from a statistician’s viewpoint and focus on how statisticians can contribute to the methodology of CER. Conclusions The statistical science community needs to determine the priorities for methodological research in CER, in collaboration with our colleagues in the aligned medical fields. CER requires that we apply a new paradigm – a focus on the patient. The emphasis on the patient is driven by patients themselves, the federal government, and private payers, in addition to the fact that there is a rising chronic disease burden that is making patient populations more heterogeneous. The availability of new technology and data sources introduces not only complexity but also opportunity. Statistical scientists should rise to meet these new demands and develop optimal, statistically valid approaches to CER, just as they have in agriculture and clinical trials.
The Real Effects of Lending Relationships on Innovative Firms and Inventor Mobility

We study how relationship lending determines the financing of innovation. Exploiting a negative shock to relationships, we show that it reduces the number of innovative firms, especially those that depend more on relationship lending such as small, opaque firms. This credit supply shock leads to reallocation of inventors whereby young and productive inventors leave small firms and move out of geographical areas where lending relationships are hurt. Overall, our results show that credit markets affect both the level of innovation activity and the distribution of innovative human capital across the economy.Received April 11, 2013; editorial decision May 25, 2016 by Editor Andrew Karolyi.
Cystic adenomyosis of the uterus: MRI

Adenomyosis of the uterus is most often seen as focal or diffuse thickening of the myometrial junctional zone on MRI. We describe the morphologic features and signal characteristics of the rarer cystic form of the disease, as revealed by MRI. We conclude that cystic adenomyosis of the uterus is characterized by a well‐circumscribed cystic lesion within the myometrium that demonstrates hemorrhage in differential stages of organization on MR images.
The Influence of Artificial Scotomas on Eye Movements during Visual Search

Purpose. Fixation durations are normally adapted to the difficulty of the foveal analysis task. We examine to what extent artificial central and peripheral visual field defects interfere with this adaptation process. Methods. Subjects performed a visual search task while their eye movements were registered. The latter were used to drive a real-time gaze-dependent display that was used to create artificial central and peripheral visual field defects. Recorded eye movements were used to determine saccadic amplitude, number of fixations, fixation durations, return saccades, and changes in saccade direction. Results. For central defects, although fixation duration increased with the size of the absolute central scotoma, this increase was too small to keep recognition performance optimal, evident from an associated increase in the rate of return saccades. Providing a relatively small amount of visual information in the central scotoma did substantially reduce subjects’ search times but not their fixation durations. Surprisingly, reducing the size of the tunnel also prolonged fixation duration for peripheral defects. This manipulation also decreased the rate of return saccades, suggesting that the fixations were prolonged beyond the duration required by the foveal task. Conclusions. Although we find that adaptation of fixation duration to task difficulty clearly occurs in the presence of artificial scotomas, we also find that such field defects may render the adaptation suboptimal for the task at hand. Thus, visual field defects may not only hinder vision by limiting what the subject sees of the environment but also by limiting the visual system’s ability to program efficient eye movements. We speculate this is because of how visual field defects bias the balance between saccade generation and fixation stabilization.
Effect of Processing on Nutritional Value of Rice (Oryza sativa)

This research work was concerned with the loss of nutrients during the processing of rice using three different varieties such as Kernel, KSE and 86 rice. Rice samples were used for proximate analysis of nutritional factors of rice, like moisture, ash, fat, fiber and protein respectively. Concentration of minerals was determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and Flame Emission Spectroscopy (FES) techniques. For mineral concentration rice samples were burnt and decomposed with concentrated nitric acid and absorbance of each sample and standards was noted. From graphs concentration of minerals (K, Na, Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Ni, Cr) was determined.
12 INITIAL GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE TREATMENT INCREASED PREGNANCY PER TIMED INSEMINATION ONLY IN ACYCLIC BEEF HEIFERS SUBJECTED TO A 5-DAY CO-SYNCH PROTOCOL

We have shown that inclusion of initial gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in a 5-day Co-synch protocol is unnecessary to achieve acceptable pregnancy rates in dairy heifers (2011 Theriogenology 76, 578). This study determined the efficacy of a modified (without initial GnRH) 5-day Co-synch protocol for timed AI (TAI) and the effect of interval from progesterone device removal to TAI on pregnancy per TAI (P/TAI) in acyclic and cyclic beef heifers. Heifers (n = 1062; 302 to 515 kg of body weight, and 13 to 15 months of age) at 2 locations were assigned to either a 5-day Co-synch protocol with (control) or without (modified) an initial injection of 100 μg of GnRH (Fertagyl; Merck Animal Health, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) at progesterone device (CIDR; Zoetis Animal Health, Florham Park, NJ) insertion (Day 0). All heifers received a single dose of 500 μg of cloprostenol (Estrumate; Merck Animal Health) at CIDR removal (Day 5) and were divided into 2 groups to receive GnRH and simultaneously TAI at either 66 or 72 h (Day 8) after CIDR removal. All heifers were inseminated by one technician with frozen-thawed semen from 1 of 4 commercially available sires. Ovarian ultrasonography was performed on Day 0 to determine cyclicity (presence of corpus luteum) and normalcy of the reproductive track, and on Day 35 (27 days after TAI) to determine pregnancy status. Data were analysed using the PROC GLIMMIX in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The CIDR retention rate was 98%; P/TAI in heifers that lost the CIDR was 39%. Pregnancy per TAI [least squares means (n)] did not differ (P > 0.05) among sires [48 (235), 51 (318), 52 (274), and 53% (235)], location [57 (330) v. 53% (732)], timing of TAI [52 (533) v. 50% (529) for 66 and 72 h], or treatment groups [48 (525) v. 53% (537) for control and modified groups]. A total of 226 (21%) heifers were acyclic; P/TAI was lower in acyclic heifers compared with that in those cyclic (P 0.05; 57 v. 62% for control and modified groups). In conclusion, timing of TAI did not affect fertility. However, administration of initial GnRH increased P/TAI by 15 percentiles in acyclic females, but as previously shown in Holstein heifers, initial GnRH was unnecessary to achieve acceptable P/TAI in cyclic beef heifers subjected to a 5-days Co-synch protocol. This study was supported by Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Intervet Canada Corp., and collaborative beef producers.
Immunosuppressive effects and clinical response of fludarabine in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

BACKGROUND Fludarabine monophosphate is a new adenine nucleoside analogue with a promising efficacy in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) with response rates, including hematological complete remissions, of 50%-60% in previously treated and 75%-80% in previously untreated patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Here, the clinical experience with and side effects of fludarabine are reported in 19 patients with refractory CLL (17 B-CLL, 2 T-CLL). All patients were pretreated with one to four different regimens and had progressive disease. Fludarabine was administered at a dosage of 25 mg/m2 daily for 5 days as a 30-minute intravenous infusion. This course was repeated every fifth week. Dosage and time course were adapted to toxicity. RESULTS 12/18 (67%) evaluable patients achieved partial remissions (PR), 1/18 (6%) had stable disease (SD) and 5/18 (28%) were progressive. The median duration of partial remission until relapse or death was 6 months. Most responses to fludarabine occurred within two treatment courses. Major toxic effects included infections in 11 patients and nausea in 8 (mainly grade 1). Meanwhile, three patients died of progressive disease and 8 of pneumonias or other infections. Two patients had pneumocystis carinii pneumonias and one an aspergillus pneumonia. The high infection rate may be due not only to hypogammaglobulinaemia or fludarabine-induced granulocytopenia but also to a remarkable decrease of CD4(+)-cells during fludarabine therapy. In one case a tumor lysis syndrome was observed. No CNS toxicity was noted. CONCLUSION It is concluded that fludarabine is effective even in patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia refractory to multiple chemotherapy regimens. However, fludarabine has a remarkable suppressive effect on T-lymphocytes, predominantly CD4(+)-lymphocytes. Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended.
The poor-communicating two-year-old and his family.

Two groups of children have been studied. Each group consisted of 21 two-year-olds, who had been matched individually for age, sex and social class, but who had widely differing abilities in both comprehension and expression of language.High-risk families were defined as those in which there was evidence of significant social or emotional deprivation. There was a statistically significant correlation between delayed language development in a two-year-old and evidence of psychosocial deprivation in his family.
C1q/TNF-related Protein-12 (CTRP12), a Novel Adipokine That Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Glycemic Control in Mouse Models of Obesity and Diabetes*

Background: Adipose tissue-derived adipokines play important roles in regulating insulin sensitivity. Results: CTRP12 is a hormone down-regulated in the obese state and up-regulated by an insulin-sensitizing drug. CTRP12 improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in mice via multiple mechanisms. Conclusion: CTRP12 is a novel anti-diabetic adipokine. Significance: CTRP12 is a new component of the metabolic circuitry that links adipose tissue to systemic glucose homeostasis. Despite the prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, their underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Many secreted endocrine factors and the intertissue cross-talk they mediate are known to be dysregulated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we describe CTRP12, a novel adipokine with anti-diabetic actions. The mRNA and circulating levels of CTRP12 were decreased in a mouse model of obesity, but its expression in adipocytes was increased by the anti-diabetic drug rosiglitazone. A modest rise in circulating levels of CTRP12 by recombinant protein administration was sufficient to lower blood glucose in wild-type, leptin-deficient ob/ob, and diet-induced obese mice. A short term elevation of serum CTRP12 by adenovirus-mediated expression improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, normalized hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, and lowered postprandial insulin resistance in obese and diabetic mice. CTRP12 improves insulin sensitivity in part by enhancing insulin signaling in the liver and adipose tissue. Further, CTRP12 also acts in an insulin-independent manner; in cultured hepatocytes and adipocytes, CTRP12 directly activated the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to suppress gluconeogenesis and promote glucose uptake, respectively. Collectively, these data establish CTRP12 as a novel metabolic regulator linking adipose tissue to whole body glucose homeostasis through insulin-dependent and independent mechanisms.
Impact of sample geometry on the measurement of pressure‐saturation curves: Experiments and simulations

In this paper, we study the influence of sample geometry on the measurement of pressure‐saturation relationships, by analyzing the drainage of a two‐phase flow from a quasi‐2‐D random porous medium. The medium is transparent, which allows for the direct visualization of the invasion pattern during flow, and is initially saturated with a viscous liquid (a dyed glycerol‐water mix). As the pressure in the liquid is gradually reduced, air penetrates from an open inlet, displacing the liquid which leaves the system from an outlet on the opposite side. Pressure measurements and images of the flow are recorded and the pressure‐saturation relationship is computed. We show that this relationship depends on the system size and aspect ratio. The effects of the system's boundaries on this relationship are measured experimentally and compared with simulations produced using an invasion percolation algorithm. The pressure build up at the beginning and end of the invasion process are particularly affected by the boundaries of the system whereas at the central part of the model (when the air front progresses far from these boundaries), the invasion happens at a statistically constant capillary pressure. These observations have led us to propose a much simplified pressure‐saturation relationship, valid for systems that are large enough such that the invasion is not influenced by boundary effects. The properties of this relationship depend on the capillary pressure thresholds distribution, sample dimensions, and average pore connectivity and its applications may be of particular interest for simulations of two‐phase flow in large porous media.
Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in a Turkish community.

BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, enzyme types, and risk factors affecting colonization. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 576 stool samples from outpatients were examined between October 2012 and May 2013. Screening was done with selective EMB plates. ESBL were detected by double-disk synergy and confirmed agar strip gradient methods. Enzyme types were determined by PCR. RESULTS The prevalence of fecal carriage was found as 30% (173 of 576). Recent use of antibiotics, hospitalization and surgical operation, diabetes, crowded household populations, and old age were associated with higher carriage rates. Of the ESBL-producing bacteria, 87.5% were positive for blaCTX-M genes. Of the blaCTX-M gene-positive isolates, 95.2% were positive for blaCTX-M-1 genes; among these, 82.2% were positive for blaCTX-M-3 and 67.7% were positive for blaCTX-M-15 genes while 62.5% isolates were positive for both blaCTX-M-3 and blaCTX-M-15 genes Conclusions: A high rate (30%) of fecal carriage of ESBL bacteria was found in an adult population. The predominant beta-lactamase enzyme types were CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-15.
1.59 Å structure of trypsin at 120 K: Comparison of low temperature and room temperature structures

The structure of a rat trypsin mutant [S195C] at a temperature of 120 K has been refined to a crystallographic R factor of 17.4% between 12.0 and 1.59 Å and is compared with the structure of the D102N mutant at 295 K. A reduction in the unit cell dimensions in going from room temperature to low temperature is accompanied by a decrease in molecular surface area and radius of gyration. The overall structure remains similar to that at room temperature. The attainable resolution appears to be improved due to the decrease in the fall off of intensities with resolution [reduction of the temperature factor]. This decreases the uncertainty in the atomic positions and allows the localization of more protein atoms and solvent molecules in the low temperature map. The largest differences between the two models occur at residues with higher than average temperature factors. Several features can be localized in the solvent region of the 120 K map that are not seen in the 295 K map. These include several more water molecules as well as an interstitial sulfate ion and two interstitial benzamidine molecules.
Of Mice, Flies, and Man: The Emerging Role of Polycomb-Group Genes in Human Malignant Lymphomas

Genes belonging to the Polycomb group (PcG) are responsible for the maintenance of cell identity and are directly involved in epigenetic gene silencing. They perform a vital role in the regulation of embryogenesis but also contribute to various adult processes, including regulation of the cell cycle and lymphopoiesis. Experimental model systems have demonstrated that enhanced expression of individual PcG genes, such as Bmi1, results in the development of B-cell and T-cell lymphomas. In humans, a growing body of work has now linked human PcG genes to various hematologic and epithelial cancers. This review focuses on the emerging role of PcG genes in the development of human malignant lymphomas.