Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Creatine supplementation enhances intermittent work performance.

To determine the impact of creatine supplementation on high-intensity, intermittent work, 18 participants each performed 2 sets of 4 different work bouts to exhaustion. For 5 days prior to the first set of work bouts, all participants received a placebo (5 g of calcium chloride daily). For the second set of work bouts, 9 participants again received the placebo, while the other 9 received creatine supplementation (18.75 g creatine monohydrate daily for 5 days prior to and 2.25 g creatine daily during testing). The four work bouts in each set consisted of cycling to exhaustion at 150% peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) either nonstop (A), intermittently for either 60-s work/120-s rest periods (B), 20-s work/40-s rest (C), or 10-s work/20-s rest (D). Creatine supplementation significantly increased (p < .01) the total work time of all bouts. Protocol D showed the greatest increase (> 100%); C increased 61.9%; B increased 61.0%; and A increased 23.5%. These results demonstrate that creatine supplementation significantly extends one's capacity to maintain a specific level of high-intensity, intermittent exercise.
Influence of Simultaneous and Equal Increase in External Dead Space and Tidal Volume on Arterial Blood Gases in Artificially Ventilated Patients

In 13 patients undergoing artificial ventilation, arterial blood gases, respiratory frequency and pulmonary ventilation were measured before, during and after a simultaneous and equal increase of the respiratory dead space and tidal volume. The patients were ventilated with a time cycled, constant volume respirator, using 50% O2—50% N2 or atmospheric air. Prior to the addition of the dead space, the average arterial blood gases were: Pao2= 95.4 mmHg, Paco2= 37.4 mmHg and pH = 7.442. Following ventilation for 20 min with an added dead space of 200 ml and a correspondingly increased tidal volume, Pao2 rose to 113.7 mmHg (P< 0.001), whereas Paco2 and pH remained essentially unchanged. Twenty minutes after removal of the extra dead space and restoration of the ventilation to the original level, Pao2 was reduced to 107.1 mmHg, a level still clearly higher than the initial (P< 0.001). The observations demonstrate that simultaneous increase of dead space and tidal volume during artificial ventilation improves ventilation/perfusion disturbances and oxygenation of the arterial blood. This effect persists to a varying extent even after the dead space ventilation.
White matter lesion progression

There is neuropathologic evidence that confluent MRI white matter lesions in the elderly reflect ischemic brain damage due to microangiopathy. The authors hypothesize that measuring changes in the progression of white matter lesions as shown by MRI may provide a surrogate marker in clinical trials on cerebral small-vessel disease in which the currently used primary outcomes are cognitive impairment and dementia. This hypothesis is based on evidence that confluent white matter lesions progress rapidly as shown in a recent follow-up study in community-dwelling subjects. The mean increase in lesion volume was 5.2 cm3 after 3 years. Based on these data in a clinical trial, 195 subjects with confluent lesions would be required per treatment arm to demonstrate a 20% reduction in the rate of disease progression over a 3-year period. Like any other MRI metric, the change in white matter lesion volume cannot be considered preferable to clinical outcomes unless it has been demonstrated that it matters to the patient in terms of function.
A case of multiple spontaneous coronary artery dissections

Spontaneous coronary artery dissections are relatively uncommon. Many of the previously reported cases have involved a dissection in a single coronary artery of a peripartum or postpartum female. We describe an unusual case of multiple spontaneous coronary dissections in a middle‐aged male. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 49:318–320, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A functionally relevant and long‐term model of deep brain stimulation of the rat subthalamic nucleus: advantages and considerations

In this review we outline some relevant considerations with regards to the rat model of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS). In order to optimize the rat STN DBS model in terms of predictive validity for the clinical situation we propose that the STN stimulation experimental design parameters in rodents should incorporate the following features: (i) stimulation parameters that demonstrate functional alleviation of symptoms induced by nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) denervation; (ii) stimulation duration that is relatively long‐term and continuous; (iii) stimulation that is initiated at a time when the denervation status of the nigrostriatal system is known to be partial and progressing; (iv) stimulation current spread that is minimized and optimized to closely approximate the clinical situation; (v) the appropriate control conditions are included; and (vi) implantation to the STN target is verified post‐mortem. Further research that examines the effect of long‐term STN DBS on the neurophysiology and neurochemistry of STN circuitry is warranted. The rat model of functionally relevant long‐term STN DBS provides a most favorable preclinical experimental platform in which to conduct these studies.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTITUMOR EFFECTS OF ERGOT ALKALOIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES

Ergot alkaloids and their derivatives are able to inhibit the growth of certain hormone-dependent tumors via the inhibition of prolactin release from the anterior pituitary gland (Cassady and Floss, 1977). The therapy of the prolactinoma, an adenoma of this gland, and other prolactin-producing tumors by e.g. bromokryptine or lisuride is of clinical relevance (Thorner et al., 1980). The inhibition of prolactin release is mediated by stimulation of dopamine D2-like receptors. However, there is a completely different mode of action which is responsible for antitumor properties of certain ergolines. The latter was detected in connection with the discovery of the antimicrobial activity of clavine-type ergot alkaloids.
Induction of Mucosal and Systemic Neutralizing Antibodies against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) by Oral Immunization with Bovine Papillomavirus-HIV-1 gp41 Chimeric Virus-Like Particles

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope-specific neutralizing antibodies are generated late after initial infection, and the neutralizing antibody response is weak in the infected individuals. Administration of neutralizing antibodies such as 2F5 to HIV-1-infected individuals resulted in reductions in viral loads. Because HIV-1 is transmitted mainly via mucosa and because HIV-specific neutralizing antibodies reduce HIV-1 in infected individuals, a vaccine that can induce both mucosal and systemic HIV-1-specific neutralizing antibodies may be used to prevent and to treat HIV-1 infection. In this study, we made a bovine papillomavirus (BPV) L1-HIV-1 gp41 fusion protein in which ELDKWA of gp41 was inserted into the N terminus of BPV L1 (amino acids 130 to 136). Expression of the fusion protein in insect cells led to the assembly of chimeric virus-like particles (CVLPs). The CVLPs had sizes similar to those of BPV particles and were able to bind to the cell surface and penetrate the cell membrane. Oral immunization of mice with CVLPs induced gp41-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and intestinal secretory IgA. However, intramuscular immunization with the CVLPs resulted in similar amounts of gp41-specific IgG but low levels of secretory IgA. The antibodies specifically recognized the fixed HIV-1 gp41 on the cell surface. Importantly, the sera and fecal extracts from mice orally immunized with the CVLPs neutralized HIV-1MN in vitro. Thus, BPV-HIV-1 gp41 CVLPs may be used to prevent and to treat HIV-1 infection.
S100‐Negative Indeterminate Cell Histiocytosis in an African American Child Responsive to Narrowband Ultraviolet B

Abstract: Indeterminate cell histiocytosis is a rare cutaneous disease characterized by the presence of dendritic cells that lack Birbeck granules and immunophenotypically shares features of both Langerhans cells and macrophages. We describe a case of a 4‐year‐old African American boy affected by a disseminated, exclusively mucocutaneous form of indeterminate cell histiocytosis. The eruption was successfully treated with narrowband ultraviolet B. The peculiar negativity of the Langerhans cell marker S100 is also discussed.
Gluon Propagators in Linear Covariant Gauge

Attilio Cucchieri∗ab, Tereza Mendesb, Gilberto M. Nakamurab and Elton M. S. Santosbc aGhent University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Krijgslaan 281-S9, 9000 Gent, Belgium bInstituto de Fisica de Sao Carlos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, 13560-970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil cInstituto de Educacao, Agricultura e Ambiente, Campus Vale do Rio Madeira, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69800-000 Humaita, AM, Brazil E-mail: attilio@ifsc.usp. br, mendes@ifsc.usp. br, gilberto@ifsc.usp. br, elton@ifsc.usp. br
Molecular cloning and biological characterization of the recA gene from Pseudomonas syringae

We have identified a recombinant plasmid, pCUV8, from a cosmid library of Pseudomonas syringae genomic DNA which contains a functional analog of the Escherichia coli recA gene. The plasmid was initially identified by its ability to restore UV resistance to E. coli HB101. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that it restored both recombination proficiency and UV resistance to an E. coli recA deletion mutant. By these criteria, pCUV8 appears to contain the P. syringae recA gene. Several pathogenic and epiphytic strains of P. syringae, but not E. coli, showed sequence homology to pCUV8 under normal stringency.
Subcellular fractionation of polarized epithelial cells and identification of organelle‐specific proteins by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis

Protein targeting and sorting is accomplished by complex vesicular transport processes that are tightly regulated within a cell. This is especially important for epithelial cells because correct delivery of newly synthesized proteins as well as recycling and sorting of internalized membrane proteins is essential for the establishment and preservation of cellular polarity. Many transport events, linking various subcellular compartments, have been analyzed, but many transport mechanisms still remain unresolved. In this study we attempted to identify proteins specifically associated with distinct organelles in murine mammary epithelial cells (EpH4). We isolated subcellular compartments by continuous sucrose gradient centrifugation in order to further analyze their protein composition by high‐resolution two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). The successful separation of late endosomes (LE), early endosomes (EE) and most of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) was confirmed by subsequent analysis of gradient fractions for compartment‐specific enzymes and marker proteins. Both Golgi and plasma membrane (PM) were found to partially co‐purify with EE in such gradients. Characteristic polypeptide patterns were revealed on 2‐DE gels for fractions enriched in membranes of different origin. Based on improved sample preparation and loading techniques (this issue, C. Pasquali et al., Electrophoresis, 1997, 18, 2573–2581), we were able to identify several proteins by immunoblotting or microsequencing of Coomassiestained spots. This will be the basis for a further characterization of organellespecific molecules in epithelial cells as well as for the establishment of a 2‐DE reference map of membrane proteins from murine mammary epithelium.
The interdependency of cerebral functional and metabolic effects following massive doses of thiopental in the dog.

The cerebral metabolic effects of a massive dose of thiopental (177 mg/kg) were investigated in seven dogs. The systemic circulation was supported with an extracorporeal circuit. At an infusion rate of 2 mg/kg/min, cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) decreased progressively until cerebral electrical silence was produced. This occurred after a mean dose of 72 mg/kg, which caused a mean decrease in CMRO to 58 per cent of the control value (measured at 1.5 per cent halothane inspired). Thereafter, despite continued infusion at 4 mg/kg/ min, CMRO2 did not decrease further. The oxygen-glucose index never changed during the infusion period and, at the termination of the infusion, brain assays for ATP, phosphocreatine, lactate, and pyruvate revealed normal concentrations. It is concluded that there was no alteration in normal cerebral metabolic pathways, that cerebral metabolic effects of thiopental are secondary to functional effects, that thiopental would provide no cerebral protection during hypoxia sufficient to abolish cerebral function, and that thiopental does not uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in vivo.
Comparison between three-capacitance, analytical-based and finite element analysis partial discharge models in condition monitoring

An important and essential diagnostic tool for insulation systems in condition monitoring is partial discharge (PD) measurement. Through PD measurement, the results may be used for insulation condition assessment. However, the modelling of PD is important because it is helpful in attaining a better understanding of PD phenomenon. The physical mechanisms and critical parameters influencing PD events under various conditions of defects and stresses can be identified. The relationship between the insulation design parameters, test conditions and defect characteristics with PD activities can also be developed. There have been many researches that reported on simulation of PD events in a void in insulation material. PD models can be categorized in three models, they are the induced charge concept model, three-capacitance model and the finite element method models. Each model has its own strengths and limitations in certain aspects. Therefore, in this paper, comparative studies and simulations for various PD models that have been developed to date are reported and discussed. The disadvantages and advantages of every model are presented in details. The results from the simulation using those models were compared with the measurement data to observe their performance in terms of physical parameters values. From comparative studies between each model, the most suitable PD model can be chosen to simulate PD events depending on the requirement selected by the users.
Top-up search and the attentional blink: A two-stage account of the preview effect in search

An inefficient visual search task can be facilitated if half the distractor items are presented as a preview prior to the presentation of the remaining distractor items and target. This benefit in search is termed the preview effect. Recent research has found that a preview effect can still occur if the previewed items disappear before reappearing again just before the search items (the “top-up” procedure). In this paper we investigate the attentional demands of processing during the preview and the top-up periods. Experiment 1 found that if attention is withdrawn from the top-up stage then no preview effect occurs. Likewise if attention is withdrawn from the initial preview period then the preview effect is reduced (Experiment 2). The data suggest that the preview effect is dependent on attention being paid both to the initial display and also to the re-presentation of the old display before the search display appears. The data counter accounts of preview search in terms of automatic attention capture by new items or by inhibition of return. We discuss alternative accounts of the results, and in particular suggest an amalgamation of a temporal grouping and a visual marking account of preview search.
Associated movements in the oculomotor and facial muscles.

ABNORMAL motor phenomena belonging—generally speaking—to the vast group of hyperkineses do occur in the oculomotor muscles after incomplete recovery from a third nerve palsy. They constitute, as Bielschowsky 1 rightly said, "a problem of great biologic interest. " But this difficult and fascinating problem has been much neglected in the neurologic literature. The symptomatology and pathogenesis of abnormal motor phenomena in the facial muscles after incomplete recovery from facial nerve palsy have been widely discussed by neurologists. But there is little in the neurologic literature on the subject of similar movements after oculomotor palsy. To Dejerine 2 it seemed that abnormal movements occur only after a seventh nerve palsy, and in no other instance. Leading contemporary neurologists, such as Harris 3 and Kramer, 4 have expressed the same view. The latter said: "It is remarkable that contractures and associated movements are observed in the region of the facial nerve and not
PROMOTER -202 A/C POLYMORPHISM OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN-3 GENE AND NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER RISK

Background : IGFBP-3 inhibits the mitogenic and anti-apoptotic activity of IGF by blocking the binding of IGF to its receptor. However, under certain circumstances, IGFBP-3 can enhance the activity of IGF by protecting IGF from its degradation. More than half of the interindividual variations in IGFBP-3 levels are known to be genetically determined by the polymorphism at -202 locus of IGFBP-3 gene. Method : We attempted to ascertain whether A-202C polymorphic variation of IGFBP-3 gene constitutes a risk factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Our study included 104 NSCLC patients and 104 age-, gender-, and smoking status-matched control subjects. Result : In the 104 NSCLC subjects, the genotypic frequencies at the -202 site were as follows: AA = 67 (64.4%), AC = 35 (33.7%), and CC = 2 (1.9%). We did detect significant differences in the genotypic distribution between the NSCLC and the control subjects (pAC>CC). Using CC genotype as a reference, the odds ratio (OR) for the subjects with AC genotype was 2.60 (95% CI: 0.89 - 8.60), and the OR associated with AA genotype was 5.89 (95% CI: 1.92 - 21.16). Conclusion : These results indicate that the dysregulation of IGF axis should now be considered as another important risk factor for NSCLC, and a potential target for novel antineoplastic therapies and/or preventative strategies in high-risk groups.
Prospective Isolation of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells with a Pax7 Reporter

Muscle regeneration occurs through activation of quiescent satellite cells whose progeny proliferate, differentiate, and fuse to make new myofibers. We used a transgenic Pax7‐ZsGreen reporter mouse to prospectively isolate stem cells of skeletal muscle by flow cytometry. We show that Pax7‐expressing cells (satellite cells) in the limb, head, and diaphragm muscles are homogeneous in size and granularity and uniformly labeled by certain cell surface markers, including CD34 and CD29. The frequency of the satellite cells varies between muscle types and with age. Clonal analysis demonstrated that all colonies arising from single cells within the Pax7‐sorted fraction have myogenic potential. In response to injury, Pax7+ cells reduce CD34, CD29, and CXCR4 expression, increase in size, and acquire Sca‐1. When directly isolated and cultured in vitro, Pax7+ cells display the hallmarks of activation and proliferate, initially as suspension aggregates and later distributed between suspension and adherence. During in vitro expansion, Pax7 (ZsGreen) and CD34 expression decline, whereas expression of PSA‐NCAM is acquired. The nonmyogenic, Pax7neg cells expand as Sca1+ PDGRα+ PSA‐NCAMneg cells. Satellite cells expanded exclusively in suspension can engraft and produce dystrophin+ fibers in mdx−/− mice. These results establish a novel animal model for the study of muscle stem cell physiology and a culture system for expansion of engraftable muscle progenitors.
Ovarian Involvement by Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: Still a Diagnostic Challenge

Ovarian involvement by metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma, although not an uncommon occurrence, remains a diagnostic challenge. The gross and histologic features of such metastases overlap those of primary ovarian epithelial neoplasms such as endometrioid or mucinous adenocarcinoma. The clinical and pathologic features of 86 cases of metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma involving the ovary were reviewed. Patients ranged in age from 19 to 85 years (median, 51 years); 24% were younger than 40 years. Presenting symptoms included abdominal or pelvic pain (45 cases), rectal bleeding (13 cases), change in bowel habits (20 cases), and vaginal bleeding (5 cases). In 23 cases, an ovarian mass was the first manifestation of the disease. Ovarian involvement was bilateral in 49 cases and unilateral in 33 (including 20 cases in which the only involved ovary measured at least 10 cm in greatest dimension). Involved ovaries ranged from 2 to 24 cm (mean, 10.1 cm), and most featured both solid and cystic areas. Many involved ovaries featured smooth capsules without gross evidence of surface involvement by tumor. In general, the tumors had typical histologic features of metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma, including a garland pattern and dirty necrosis. In 23 cases, foci with a benign or low malignant potential appearance were seen. Immunohistochemical studies showed that 29 of 29 tumors (100%) were positive for CK20; focal CK7 positivity was seen in 5 of 30 cases (17%). In 9 of the cases, an ovarian primary was diagnosed or favored initially, and 5 of these cases were initially treated as ovarian primaries. Metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an ovarian mass, even if the mass is large and unilateral or in a young patient, to secure proper treatment of these patients.
Composition of ideal C-V curves for ultrathin gate dielectrics based on experimental determination of substrate surface capacitance and potential

We propose a new method to compose ideal C-V curves for ultrathin gate dielectrics based on experimental determination of substrate surface capacitance and potential. We also demonstrate its effectiveness in extracting equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) and interface state density in high-k dielectric materials. The proposed method can be applied to ultrathin gate dielectrics where the classical analytical model for ideal C-V curves is invalid.
The Role of Functional Neuroimaging in the Neuropsychology of Depression

Depressed individuals show impaired performance in tests of attention and concentration. They also exhibit PET resting state abnormalities in dorsal prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate, regions known to be substrates of attentional processing in healthy individuals. This chapter outlines a strategy to study neuropsychological mechanisms in emotional disorders using functional imaging methods. It reviews evidence strongly implicating the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, particularly in the right hemisphere, as a key brain structure in emotion/cognition interactions in negative mood states. It will be argued that this neocortical region is a crucial convergence zone, being the substrate of sustained attention to the external environment, and the main target of limbic-cortical influences during changes in mood state across health and disease.