Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network Structure in Virtual Organizations

Virtual organizations that use email to communicate and coordinate their work toward a common goal are becoming ubiquitous. However, little is known about how these organizations work. Much prior research suggests that virtual organizations, for the most part because they use information technology to communicate, will be decentralized and non-hierarchical. This paper examines the behavior of one such organization. The analysis is based on a case study of the communication structure and content of communications among members of a virtual organization during a four-month period. We empirically measure the structure of a virtual organization and find evidence of hierarchy. The findings imply that the communication structure of a virtual organization may exhibit different properties on different dimensions of structure. We also examine the relationship among task routineness, organizational structure, and performance. Results indicate that the fit between structure and task routineness affects the perception of performance, but may not affect the actual performance of the organization. Thus, this virtual organization is similar to traditional organizations in some ways and dissimilar in other ways. It was similar to traditional organizations in so far as task-structure fit predicted perceived performance. However, it was dissimilar to traditional organizations in so far as fit did not predict objective performance. To the extent that the virtual organizations may be similar to traditional organizations, existing theories can be expanded to study the structure and perceived performance of virtual organizations. New theories may need to be developed to explain objective performance in virtual organizations.
Quantitative theory of superconductivity in doped C60.

The electronic part \ensuremath{\eta} (the Hopfield factor) of the electron-phonon coupling constant \ensuremath{\lambda} for alkali-metal-doped fullerenes ${\mathit{A}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ is calculated within the rigid muffin-tin-potential approximation. It is found that \ensuremath{\eta} is large for tangential atomic motions, while for the radial vibrations \ensuremath{\eta} is 20 times smaller. We have calculated \ensuremath{\eta} for three lattice constants (a=14.1, 14.4, and 14.6 \AA{}) corresponding approximately to those of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$, ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$, and (hypothetical) ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$, and found \ensuremath{\eta}=21, 32, and 36 eV/A${\mathrm{\r{}}}^{2}$. Using semiempirical nearest-neighbor force constants we estimated \ensuremath{\lambda}=0.49, 0.77, and 0.83, and 〈${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathrm{log}}$〉=870 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ for the average phonon frequency. The McMillan formula yields ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$=5, 36, and 44 K for these lattice constants, in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data. The relatively high-temperature superconductivity in ${\mathit{A}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$, as well as the strong dependence of ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ on the dopant, is fully explained within the framework of the conventional superconductivity theory.
Consensus Statement: Panic Disorder

SIR: We wish to draw the attention of readers to a recent initiative concerning the topic of panic. In November 1986 an informal meeting was held in the UK to discuss anxiety and panic, with particular reference to diagnosis and classification. The partici pants, listed below, came from several academic and clinical centres in the UK and represented a wide range ofexpertise and specialist interests within this area of psychiatry. Various topics were outlined in order to focus the subsequent discussions. The concept of anxiety neurosis was established nearly 100 years ago, and has emphasised at several times since the somatic, particularly cardiovascular, symptoms. â€ ̃¿ Panic' originally implied collective and excessive fear reactions, but the term has come to have somewhat different psychiatric implications, stressing individualphysiological response. Cardinal features are the rapid rate of onset of the attack and the feeling of loss of personal control. Recently, attempts have been made to separate panic and anxiety as diagnostic entities, both in the proposed ICDâ€”l0and in the DSMâ€”IIIclassification system of the American Psychiatric Association. The epidemiology of panic attacks and disorders varies according to the sample studied and the criteria used: population studies, surveys of general practice attenders, and out-patient studies provide very different prevalences of panic. In one American study, prevalences were: Generalised Anxiety Dis order 2.5%; Phobic Disorders 1.5%; and Panic Disorders 0.5% of the general population. One study
Frequent detection of hepatitis B virus variants associated with lamivudine resistance in treated South African patients infected chronically with different HBV genotypes

This retrospective study investigated and characterized the YMDD motif of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (RT) gene, in sequential samples of 17 South African patients with chronic hepatitis B infection on lamivudine treatment. The profile of HBV genotypes as well as the genetic variability of pre‐core (pre‐C) and basal core promoter regions (BCP) were also determined in these patients. Mutations within the RT gene were determined by direct sequencing using SpectruMedix SCE 2410 genetic analyzer and INNO‐LiPA HBV DR (Innogenetics), while the genetic variability of the pre‐C/BCP and surface gene were determined by direct sequencing only. HBV genotypes were determined by analysis of the surface, core and RT genes using a web‐based genotyping tool (NCBI). HBV DNA was quantified using Cobas Amplicor HBV Monitor assay (Roche Diagnostics). Of the 17 patients, 13 (76.5%) carried YMDD mutations: 7 with rtM204I (2 HBeAg‐positive and 5 HBeAg‐negative) and 6 with rtM204V (4 HBeAg‐positive and 2 HBeAg‐negative). Of the 13 patients with resistant HBV strains, 8 (61.5%) carried genotype A, 3 (23%) genotype B, and 2 (15.3%) genotype C. Overall, only 5 of 13 (38%) patients with YMDD mutations experienced genotypic viral drug resistance and treatment failure. Of the 17 patients, 3 carried both pre‐C (G1896A) and BCP (A1762T/G1764A) mutants, 1 pre‐C only and 1 BCP only. This study demonstrated frequent detection of mutations associated with lamivudine‐resistance in therapy‐experienced South African patients infected chronically with different HBV genotypes, and confirmed that these mutations are not always accompanied by clinical relapse. J. Med. Virol. 81:996–1001, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Interrater Reliability of Elizur's Hostility Systems and Holt's Aggression Variables: A Meta-Analytical Review

We provide a meta-analytic review of interrater reliability for scoring the 2 most commonly studied Rorschach (2003) aggression measures: (a) The Elizur (1949) Hostility Scale and its main derivative scoring systems (Holtzman, Thorpe, Swartz, & Herron, 1961; Murstein, 1956) and (b) Holt's (1977, 2005) aggression variables. Substantial reliability was observed for both Elizur's hostility score (e.g., weighted mean summary score correlation = .91, N = 1,279) and Holt's aggression variables (e.g., weighted mean summary score correlation = .84, N = 226). These meta-analytic data suggest that like the contemporary variables included in Exner's Comprehensive System or Gacono and Meloy's (1994) extended aggression scores, the historically important Elizur scoring systems and Holt aggression variables can be scored reliably. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of Personality Assessment for the following free supplemental resources: a document of results examining publication source, scoring system, amount of rater training, and severity of aggressive pathology in the sample as potential moderators of reliability. ]
Exhaled nitric oxide in healthy children: variability and a lack of correlation with atopy.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical produced by several lung cells via the enzyme nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) and can be easily measured in exhaled air by chemiluminescence analysis. As the iso-enzyme iNOS may be induced by cytokines and endotoxin, NO is elevated in several chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Prior to using exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) as a non-invasive marker of airway inflammation in daily routine, the role of possibly influencing factors such as age, time of the day, smoking exposure and intra-individual variability have to be clarified. NO concentrations were measured in 107 healthy children aged 4-18 years at an expiratory flow of 184 ml/s. Spirometry and a skin-prick test were performed and a questionnaire on family history of atopy, personal symptoms of atopic disease and smoke exposure was completed. For intra-individual variability nitric oxide was measured in six children three times daily on 6 consecutive days. Median eNO concentration was 5.7 p.p.b. , and increased significantly with age but did not vary with gender. No correlation was found between eNO and smoke exposure, positive skin-prick test, FEV1, MEF25 and time of the day. There was no circadian rhythm found in the six children measured on 6 consecutive days, but the eNO showed an intra-individual coefficient of variation of 25.9%. With the help of a two-compartment model of the lung the alveolar NO concentration was estimated to be 4.1 p.p.b and was shown to be constant with age, whereas the airway part of NO steadily increased with age. When comparing eNO values with standardized measurement techniques, the age of the children and the large intra-subject coefficient of variation have to be taken into account, whereas in healthy children subject-specific factors such as atopic history, gender and skin test reactivity did not affect eNO measurement.
Research on Author Identification Based on Deep Syntactic Features

Most approaches to author identification focus mainly on lexical features and ignore syntactic features. This paper argues that, compared with the lexical features, syntactic features can represent plenty of grammatical information and are also irrelevant to the topic. So syntactic features should be widely applied in author identification. In this paper, the syntactic features, especially the syntax tree, are deeply analyzed, and some new features are presented. The experiment proves the validity and great potential of the syntax in author identification.
The p 53 R 172 H Mutant Does Not Enhance Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Progression Authors

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly deadly malignancy, accounting for approximately 800,000 deaths worldwide every year. Mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is a common genetic change in HCC, present in 30% of cases. p53 (corresponding to p53 in mice) is a hotspot for mutation that demonstrates “prometastatic” gain-of-function in other cancer models. Since the frequency of p53 mutation increases with tumor grade in HCC, we hypothesized that p53 is a gain-of-function mutation in HCC that contributes to a decrease in tumor-free survival and an increase in metastasis. In an HCC mouse model, we found that p53 mice do not have decreased survival, increased tumor incidence, or increased metastasis, relative to p53 littermates. Analysis of cell lines derived from both genotypes indicated that there are no differences in anchorage-independent growth and cell migration. However, shRNA-mediated knockdown of mutant p53 in p53-expressing HCC cell lines resulted in decreased cell migration and anchorage-independent growth. Thus, although p53 mutant-expressing cells and tumors do not have enhanced properties relative to their p53 null counterparts, p53-expressing HCC cells depend on this mutant for their transformation. p53 mutants have been previously shown to bind and inhibit the p53 family proteins p63 and p73. Interestingly, we find that the levels of p63 and p73 target genes are similar in p53 mutant and p53 null HCC cells. These data suggest that pathways regulated by these p53 family members are similarly impacted by p53 in mutant expressing cells, and by alternate mechanisms in p53 null cells, resulting in equivalent phenotypes. Consistent with this, we find that p53 null HCC cell lines display lower levels of the TA isoforms of p63 and p73 and higher levels of ΔNp63. Taken together these data point to the importance of p63 and p73 in constraining HCC progression. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone. 0123816 April 17, 2015 1 / 16 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Ahronian LG, Driscoll DR, Klimstra DS, Lewis BC (2015) The p53 Mutant Does Not Enhance Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Progression. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0123816. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0123816 Academic Editor: Terence Lee, University of Hong Kong, HONG KONG Received: November 4, 2014 Accepted: March 7, 2015 Published: April 17, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Ahronian et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: Funded by National Institutes of Health grant R01CA121171 to BCL [http://www.nih. gov/]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Cellular immunity to human urinary bladder carcinoma. II. Effect of surgery and preoperative irradiation

A group of patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder treated by local resection or total cystectomy were studied in regard to tumour specific cytotoxicity of their lymphocytes. Only one in a group of five, treated by transurethral resection, had cytotoxic lymphocytes when tested within 1 yr after surgery. This patient alone in the group had a residual growing tumour at the time of testing. Total cystectomy in five patients led to complete disappearance of cytotoxicity in two and almost complete disappearance in a third. One patient was negative both before and after surgery. These four patients were free of macroscopic tumour when tested 4–8 weeks after surgery. The patient whose lymphocytes were strongly cytotoxic after surgery had suspected residual tumour foci in the urethra at 5 weeks after operation. Preoperative irradiation of the tumour produced a systemic response which was maintained after total cystectomy in three of four patients for at least 3–7 months. The patient who was negative when tested after cystectomy was in poor general health. All four patients were clinically tumour‐free at the time of post‐operative lymphocyte sampling. These results favour the interpretation that the maintenance of a cellular response to this tumour is dependent on the presence of tumour material in the body. Stimulation of the immune response measured may be produced or maintained by localized primary tumours or by material released systemically as a result of tumour necrosis.
The Nature of Discipline by Corporate Takeovers

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the disciplinary role of the corporate takeover market using a sample of U.S. target firms over the period 1979 to 1998. The time period spanned allows a broader study not only of the disciplinary role of the takeover market in general, but also of the interaction between the takeover market and alternative governance mechanisms during the 1980s and 1990s. Overall, our evidence is consistent with the view of the corporate takeover market as a "court of last resort," that is, it is an external source of discipline that intercedes when internal control mechanisms are relatively weak or ineffective. Copyright 2004 by The American Finance Association.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HAEMOGLOBIN (Hb) TYPE AND PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RAHMANI EWES AND LAMBS

Two hundred Rahmani ewes and seventy-one lambs used to study the relationship between the type of haemoglobin and some productive and reproductive traits. Distribution of Hb types and allelic frequencies were higher for type AA of ewes, while for lamb's type BB was higher than type AA. Fertility rate was higher in ewes with the type of haemoglobin AA than ewes with type AB or BB. Hemoglobin type, year of mating and breed of sire were not significant effects on fertility, while, age of dam and season of mating had a significant (P<0.01 or P<0.05) effect on fertility. Autumn season was the best season in fertility (84%) compared to (60%) in summer and (64%) in winter season. Ewes sired by Rahmani rams had the highest fertility (73%) compared to those sired by Chios rams (66%). All factors (Haemoglobin type, age of dam, year of lambing, season of mating, and breed of sire) had no significant effect on litter size at birth. However, ewes with Hb BB produced more lambs than either ewes with HB AB or ewes with Hb AA. Also, ewes aged 4 years had the highest litter size at birth. Ewes mating during autumn season produced more lambs than those mating during summer. Haemoglobin type was not significant effect on body weights of Rahmani lambs and F1 cross ½ C ½ R at all ages studied. Rahmani lambs with Hb AA had the lowest value of birth weight (4.05 kg vs. 4.14; 4.3 kg) compared lambs with Hb AB or BB, while lambs with Hb BB had highest weight at weaning , 6, 9 and 12 months of ages. F1 (½ C ½ R) lambs with Hb AA had the highest weight at birth, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, while lambs with Hb BB had the highest weight at weaning age. Haemoglobin type was not significant effect on daily gain at all periods studied for both Rahmani and F1 (½ C ½ R) lambs. Generally, Rahmani and (½ C ½ R) lambs with Hb AB had the lowest value of daily gain at all periods studied than lambs with Hb AA or Hb BB.
Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of MGOTM Manuka Honey complexed with a- cyclodextrin (Manuka Honey with CycloPowerTM)

Background: Manuka honey is recognized for it’s health-promoting properties and it’s use in medicine is well documented. However, the actions of Manuka honey are limited by rapid digestion and the inactivation of bioactive components such as methylglyoxal. Cyclodextrins are naturally occurring glucose rings that improve stability and bioactivity of products. This study investigates the tolerability and bioactivity of a-cyclodextrin-complexed Manuka honey called Manuka Honey with CycloPower TM . Methods: The antibacterial properties of Manuka honey complexed with a-cyclodextrin (Manuka honey with Cyclopower TM ) were compared to uncomplexed Manuka honey against a range of common organisms using standard measurements of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. Time course growth measurements were determined using a sublethal concentration of 2% w (honey solids)/v and measuring the area under the growth curve. Results: In tube MIC assays, Manuka honey completely inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA), Streptococcus pyogenes , Helicobacter pylori and Moraxella catarrhalis at concentrations of 10% w/v or less, with MIC values decreasing as the methylglyoxal content of the honeys increased from 100 to 550 mg/kg. MIC values at a given methlyglyoxal level were also decreased for S. pyogenes, M. catarrhalis and H. pylori by complexing the Manuka honey with a-cyclodextrin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not inhibited by any of the Manuka honey or Cyclopower treatments at the concentrations tested (2-10% w/v). Manuka honey with Cyclopower TM had an increased bacteriostatic action against S. aureus, MRSA and P. aeruginosa compared with Manuka honey. Conclusions: This study concludes that Manuka honey is an effective antibacterial agent that can be enhanced by complexing with a-cyclodextrin. Keywords: Manuka honey, methylglyoxal, a-cyclodextrin, antimicrobial
Perfusion index and its dynamic changes in preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus

The perfusion index (PI) and its dynamic change during respiration, and supressed the plethysmographic variability index (PVI), are calculated from pulse oximetry, and these indexes were recently proposed for continuous and noninvasive assessment of peripheral perfusion in neonates. We aimed to assess the effect of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on PI and PVI, according to ductal Doppler flow pattern.
Effects of Pre-exhaustion on the Patterns of Muscular Activity in the Flat Bench Press

Abstract Gołaś, A, Maszczyk, A, Pietraszewski, P, Stastny, P, Tufano, JJ, and Zając, A. Effects of pre-exhaustion on the patterns of muscular activity in the flat bench press. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1919–1924, 2017—Pre-exhaustion (PE) has been applied in resistance training (RT) to manipulate the order of performing 2 resistance exercises, a single-joint exercise to momentary exhaustion, followed by a multi-joint movement that includes the same muscle group. This method ensures greater recruitment of muscles or muscle groups in the multi-joint exercise to further increase muscle strength and overcome strength plateaus. The purpose of the present study was to investigate muscle activity by electromyography during high-intensity (95% of 1 repetition maximum [RM]) bench press (BP), before and after PE of the pectoralis major (PM), anterior deltoid (AD), and triceps brachii (TB) muscles to determine the effects of PE of the prime movers. Eight healthy athletes, experienced in RT, participated in the study. There were 4 sessions in the experiment. Session 1 was aimed at determination of 1RM during a flat BP. Sessions 2, 3, and 4 consisted of performing a BP after PE of the muscles studied by the incline dumbbell fly, front deltoid raise, and lying triceps extension exercise. Peak concentric TB activation after TB PE (mean ± SD, 147.76 ± 18.6%) was significantly greater by analysis of variance (&eegr; 2 = 0.82, F = 5.45, p = 0.004) compared with peak TB activation (114.77 ± 19.4%) before TB PE. The statistical analysis for PM and AD did not show any significant differences. Coaches should not expect the usefulness of PE protocol to elicit higher PM or AD activity or fatigue, but they can use it to increase TB activity before high-intensity BP exercise.