Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unrecognized Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults Presenting with Other Psychiatric Disorders

ABSTRACT Many adults with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder also have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In many cases, comorbid ADHD is unrecognized and/or undertreated. Differential diagnosis of adult ADHD can be challenging because ADHD symptoms may overlap with other psychiatric disorders and patients may lack insight into their ADHD-related symptoms. Current ADHD diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Text Revision may prevent appropriate diagnosis of many patients with significant ADHD symptoms. Adults may not be able to provide a history of onset of symptoms during childhood, and it may be difficult to confirm that ADHD symptoms are not better accounted for by other comorbid psychiatric conditions. Comorbid ADHD is most prevalent among patients with mood, anxiety, substance use, and impulse-control disorders. ADHD can negatively affect outcomes of other comorbid psychiatric disorders, and ADHD symptoms may compromise compliance with treatment regimens. Furthermore, unrecognized ADHD symptoms may be mistaken for poor treatment response in these comorbid disorders. In these individuals, ADHD pharmacotherapy seems to be as effective in reducing core ADHD symptoms, as it is in patients who have no comorbidity. Limited evidence further suggests that ADHD therapy may help to improve symptoms of certain psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression. Therefore, management of ADHD may help to stabilize daily functioning and facilitate a fuller recovery.
PGD for monogenic disorders: aspects of molecular biology

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for monogenic diseases has known a considerable evolution since its first application in the early 1990s. Especially the technical aspects of the genetic diagnosis itself, the single‐cell genetic analysis, has constantly evolved to reach levels of accuracy and efficiency nearing those of genetic diagnosis on regular DNA samples. In this review, we will focus on the molecular biological techniques that are currently in use in the most advanced centers for PGD for monogenic disorders, including multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and post‐PCR diagnostic methods, whole genome amplification (WGA) and multiple displacement amplification (MDA). As it becomes more and more clear that when it comes to ethically difficult indications, PGD goes further than prenatal diagnosis (PND), we will also briefly discuss ethical issues. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antennular projections to the midbrain of the spiny lobster. I. Sensory innervation of the lateral and medial antennular neuropils

The organization of sensory afferents in the antennular nerve (AN) of the spiny lobster and the central arborization of the afferents in the lateral and medial antennular neuropils (LAN, MAN) were analyzed by backfilling the AN with biocytin. The MAN receives primarily thick afferents (diameter ≥ 10 μm) with a consistent pattern of arborization from the medial of the three major divisions of the AN. The LAN, in contrast, receives many thin to medium‐sized afferents (diameter ≤ 0.3–5 μm), in addition some with diameters ≥ 5 μm, from the lateral and dorsal divisions of the AN. In contrast to the consistent pattern of arborization in the MAN, afferents projecting to the LAN arborize in widely different patterns. Serially arranged, orthogonal side branches that are suggestive of topographical representation of the serially arranged sensilla on the antennule contribute to the stratification of the LAN. Together with existing electrophysiological data, these morphological findings are consistent with the idea that the MAN receives primarily mechanosensory (largely statocyst) input, as previously thought, but that the LAN receives chemosensory as well as mechanosensory input. The chemosensory input to the LAN would represent a novel pathway for processing chemosensory input from the antennule.
Inhibition profiles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors against PI 3 K superfamily and human cancer cell line panel

As accumulating evidences suggest close involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in various diseases particularly cancer, considerable competition occurs in development of PI3K inhibitors. Consequently, novel PI3K inhibitors such as ZSTK474, GDC-0941 and NVP-BEZ235 have been developed. Even though all these inhibitors were reported to inhibit class I PI3K but not dozens of protein kinases, whether they have different molecular targets remained unknown. To investigate such molecular target specificity, we have determined the inhibitory effects of these novel inhibitors together with classical PI3K inhibitor LY294002 on PI3K superfamily (including classes I, II, and III PI3Ks, PI4K and PI3K-related kinases) by using several novel non-radioactive biochemical assays. As a result, ZSTK474 and GDC-0941 indicated highly similar inhibition profiles for PI3K superfamily, with class I PI3K specificity much higher than NVP-BEZ235 and LY294002. We further investigated their growth inhibition effects on JFCR39, a human cancer cell line panel which we established for molecular target identification, and analysed their cell growth inhibition profiles (fingerprints) by using COMPARE analysis programme. Interestingly, we found ZSTK474 exhibited a highly similar fingerprint with GDC-0941 (r = 0.863), more similar than with that of either NVP-BEZ235 or LY294002, suggesting that ZSTK474 shares more in molecular targets with GDC-0941 than with either of the other two PI3K inhibitors, consistent with the biochemical assay result. The biological implication of the difference in molecular target specificity of these PI3K inhibitors is under investigation. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Black Hole Mass–Color Relations for Early- and Late-type Galaxies: Red and Blue Sequences

The tight correlations between supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass (MBH) and the properties of the host galaxy have useful implications for our understanding of the growth of SMBHs and of the evolution of galaxies. Here, we present newly observed correlations between MBH and the host galaxy total UV−[3.6] color ( , Pearson's r = 0.6–0.7) for a sample of 67 galaxies (20 early-type galaxies and 47 late-type galaxies) with directly measured MBH in the Galaxy Evolution Explorer/S4G survey. The colors are carefully measured in a homogeneous manner using the far-UV, near-UV, and 3.6 μm magnitudes of the galaxies and their multicomponent structural decompositions in the literature. We find that more massive SMBHs are hosted by (early- and late-type) galaxies with redder colors, but the relations for the two morphological types have slopes that differ at ∼2σ level. Early-type galaxies define a red sequence in the diagrams, while late-type galaxies trace a blue sequence. Within the assumption that the specific star formation rate of a galaxy (sSFR) is well traced by LUV/L3.6, it follows that the SMBH masses for late-type galaxies exhibit a steeper dependence on sSFR than those for early-type galaxies. The and MBH − L3.6,tot relations for the sample galaxies reveal a comparable level of vertical scatter in the log MBH direction, approximately 5%–27% more than the vertical scatter of the MBH − σ relation. Our relations suggest different channels of SMBH growth for early- and late-type galaxies, consistent with their distinct formation and evolution scenarios. These new relations offer the prospect of estimating SMBH masses reliably using the galaxy color alone. Furthermore, we show that they are capable of estimating intermediate black hole masses in low-mass early- and late-type galaxies.
Pinning of Helimagnetic Phase Transitions in Zn-Substituted Skyrmion Host Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$

Magnetic skyrmions are nano-sized topological spin textures stabilized by a delicate balance of magnetic energy terms. The chemical substitution of the underlying crystal structure of skyrmion-hosting materials offers a route to manipulate these energy contributions, but also introduces additional effects such as disorder and pinning. While the effects of doping and disorder have been well studied in B20 metallic materials such as Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$Si and Mn$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Si, the consequences of chemical substitution in the magnetoelectric insulator Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$ have not been fully explored. In this work, we utilize a combination of AC magnetometry and small angle neutron scattering to investigate the magnetic phase transition dynamics in pristine and Zn-substituted Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$. The results demonstrate that the first order helical-conical phase transition exhibits two thermally separated behavioural regimes: at high temperatures, the helimagnetic domains transform by large-scale, continuous rotations, while at low temperatures, the two phases coexist. Remarkably, the effects of pinning in the substituted sample are less prevalent at low temperatures, compared to high temperatures, despite the reduction of available thermal activation energy. We attribute this behaviour to the large, temperature-dependent, cubic anisotropy unique to Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$, which becomes strong enough to overcome the pinning energy at low temperatures. Consideration and further exploration of these effects will be crucial when engineering skyrmion materials towards future applications.
Combining transient elastography with FIB4 enhances sensitivity in detecting advanced fibrosis of the liver

Abstract Objective. To evaluate the predictive value of transient elastography (TE), easy available biochemical scores and a combination of these to detect advanced liver fibrosis (i.e. fibrosis stage ≥F3) in patients with chronic liver disease of different etiologies. Material and methods. A valid TE was obtained in 418 patients with chronic liver disease of mixed etiologies during the period of 2007–2010. Reliable fibrosis staging and biochemical data for calculation of APRI, FIB4, and AST/ALT-ratio (AAR) were available in 187 cases of which 50 had clinical obvious cirrhosis. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate if biochemical scores were significant predictors of advanced fibrosis independent of TE. Results. In the whole group, TE correlated significantly with APRI and FIB4 but not with AAR. In patients with TE ≥7 kPa, a new formula combining TE and FIB4 improved the accuracy for detecting advanced fibrosis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and sensitivity for the combined formula was 0.94 and 0.92, respectively, as opposed to 0.90 and 0.87 for TE alone. After exclusion of cases with clinical obvious cirrhosis, only FIB4 was a significant predictor of advanced liver fibrosis independent of TE. A combined formula gave a marginally improved AUROC in this group. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the combination of TE and FIB4 is useful in the prediction of advanced fibrosis. The effect of this combination was marginal when only asymptomatic patients were included. Larger studies are needed to see if this effect is statistically significant and to detect possible differences according to etiology.
Perivascular fat alters reactivity of coronary artery: effects of diet and exercise.

UNLABELLED Perivascular adipose tissue (PAT) has been reported to blunt agonist-induced arterial tone via a relaxing factor acting in a paracrine manner. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that PAT of porcine coronary artery blunts constriction similarly and that this anticontractile effect of PAT is altered by diet and/or exercise training. METHODS Fourteen adult male pigs were fed a normal-fat (NF) diet, and 10 adult male pigs were fed a high-fat/cholesterol (HF) diet. Four weeks after the initiation of diet, pigs were exercised (EX) or remained sedentary (SED) for 16 wk, yielding four groups: 1) NF-SED, 2) NF-EX, 3) HF-SED, and 4) HF-EX. Left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) rings were prepared with PAT left intact or removed. LCX reactivity to acetylcholine (ACh), endothelin (ET-1), bradykinin (BK), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was assessed in vitro using standard techniques. RESULTS The results demonstrate that both ACh and ET-1 elicited dose-dependent increases in tension from LCX rings from all groups. Removal of PAT had no significant effect on ACh-induced contractions in any group. In contrast, removal of PAT increased ET-1-induced tension in LCX from NF-SED, HF-SED, and HF-EX but not NF-EX. PAT had no significant effect on relaxation responses to BK except in HF-EX animals, where removal of PAT increased BK-induced relaxation. PAT removal decreased SNP-induced relaxation in HF-LCX, but not LCX from NF pigs, suggesting basal release of a relaxing factor LCX from HF pigs. CONCLUSION PAT blunts contractions induced by ET-1 in LCX from NF and HF pigs. Whereas EX abolished this effect of PAT in NF pigs, exercise did not alter the anticontractile effect in HF pigs.
The Influence of Ceo Decision-Making and Corporate Strategy on Corporate Social Performance

In this dissertation, I examine the role of CEOs and corporate diversification on corporate social performance (CSP). In the first essay of the dissertation, I evaluate the financial implications of corporate social performance and assess the validity of a widely used measure of social performance, the KLD social ratings. In the first part of this essay, I examine the relationship between CSP and financial performance. The results show that CSP has a negative relationship with short-term financial performance, but a positive relationship with long-term financial performance. In addition, I examine whether introducing the Sarbanes-Oxley Act had a substantial impact on the relationship between CSP and financial performance. The results show that enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may have caused changes in social perceptions about the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR). In the second part of this essay, I examine the validity of the KLD social ratings. The analysis shows that the KLD social ratings effectively summarize the past CSP information of firms, but they predict future CSP less effectively. In the second essay of the dissertation, I examine how CEO retirement may influence CSP. I propose that CEOs reduce investment in social issues when they are approaching retirement, resulting in a negative relationship between CEO retirement and CSP. To understand why CEOs close to retirement reduces CSR investment, I compare two possible CEO motivations. The results suggest that CEOs may reduce investment in CSR in order to improve profit figures, which will eventually improve their post-retirement career continuation chances. In further support of this finding, the results show that CEOs who remain on the board of directors after retirement are less likely to reduce investment in CSR than CEOs who do not. In the third essay of the dissertation, I examine the influence of corporate diversification strategy on CSP. Previous work in this topic has ignored the important difference between firms pursuing unrelated and related diversification: the range of stakeholders and transferability of a brand. In this work, I note that unrelated diversifiers are likely to face much more diverse stakeholder demands than related diversifiers; moreover, they are likely to face bigger challenges in transferring the brand across subsidiaries. I propose that such differences will influence a firm’s investment in social issues, and eventually will result in varying levels of CSP. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Managerial Science and Applied Economics First Advisor Ian C. MacMillan This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/152
Malignancies in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients in India: Initial experience in the HAART era

Background & objectives: Limited data are available on malignancies in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients from India. We undertook this study to assess the frequency and spectrum of malignancies in HIV-infected adult patients during the first eight years of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) rollout under the National ART Programme at a tertiary care centre in New Delhi, India. Methods: Retrospective analysis of records of patients registered at the ART clinic between May 2005 and December 2013 was done. Results: The study included 2598 HIV-infected adult patients with 8315 person-years of follow up. Malignancies were diagnosed in 26 patients with a rate of 3.1 (IQR 2.1-4.5) cases per 1000 person-years. The median age for those diagnosed with malignancy was 45 (IQR 36-54) yr, which was significantly (P<0.01) higher compared with those not developing malignancies 35 (IQR 30-40) yr. The median baseline CD4+ T-cell count in patients with malignancy was 135 (IQR 68-269) cells/µl compared to 164 (IQR 86-243) cells/µl in those without malignancies. AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) were seen in 19 (73%) patients, while non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) were observed in seven (27%) patients. Malignancies diagnosed included non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (16), carcinoma cervix (3), Hodgkin's lymphoma (2), carcinoma lung (2), hepatocellular carcinoma (1), and urinary bladder carcinoma (1). One patient had primary central nervous system lymphoma. There was no case of Kaposi's sarcoma. Interpretation & conclusions: Malignancies in HIV-infected adult patients were infrequent in patients attending the clinic. Majority of the patients presented with advanced immunosuppression and the ADCs, NHL in particular, were the commonest malignancies.
Daily Monitoring of the Internal Training Load by the Heart Rate Variability : A Case Study

Ornelas F, Nakamura FY, Dos-Santos JW, Batista DR, Meneghel V, Nogueira WJ, Brigatto FA, Germano MD, Sindorf MAG, Moreno MA, Lopes CR, Braz TV. Daily Monitoring of the Internal Training Load by the Heart Rate Variability: A Case Study. JEPonline 2017;20(1):151-163. The objective of this study was to present a descriptive case study with daily monitoring of the internal training load (ITL) according to the heart rate variability (HRV) in an amateur road running athlete. The subject was male (24 yrs old, 67.8 kg, 168 cm, %fat = 13%, 7 yrs of training, 3 times·wk in the last 6 months, 6 to 7 hrs·wk) with no history of recent muscle, joint, or bone injury (<6 months). The proposed training was of 12 sessions during 3 wks. The maximum aerobic speed (MAS), threshold HRV (ThHRV), and 1 maximum repetition (1RM) at the pre and post training moments were evaluated. The daily HRV monitoring was carried out according to the natural logarithm of the root mean square differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals (lnRMSSD), mean of the weekly lnRMSSD (lnRMSSDweekly), coefficient of variation of the weekly lnRMSSD (lnRMSSDcv), and division of the lnRMSSD by the R-R interval (lnRMSSD:RR). Improvements in MAS (11.5%), ThHRV (15.0%) and lnRMSSD (45.8%) were verified after 3 wks, and also in the 1RM for the brench press (5.0%), squatting (14.5%), knee
Improving environmental and biodiversity monitoring in the Baltic Sea using DNA barcoding of Chironomidae (Diptera)

As for many other regions, environmental and biodiversity monitoring of the brackish Baltic Sea suffers from low species resolution for several taxa. One such case is the benthic larvae of midges Chironomidae (Diptera), which are estimated to constitute about 30% of the macrozoobenthos species of the Baltic Sea and are important indicators of environmental quality. We assessed the usefulness of COI (cytochrome oxidase I) gene barcoding to improve species resolution and its potential for implementation in monitoring programmes. Neighbour‐Joining, Maximum parsimony and Bayesian‐inference analyses all provided high congruency with morphological analyses of adult males for almost all 42 species studied. Barcoding was helpful to elucidate some cases of taxonomical difficulties, such as synonyms. In contrast to the high identification accuracy when using our local database, there were a number of cases where matching with GenBank and BOLD provided puzzling results. For reliable species identification at least 15–30 specimens from 5–10 well‐distributed sites within the geographical range of the species might be needed in a database to adequately cover the intraspecific variability of chironomids. Implementation of DNA barcoding, as applied here, in monitoring would result in an increase from at present less than 10% to more than 90% successful chironomid species identification of Baltic Sea benthic samples, as it also would for many nearby lakes. Routine monitoring of benthic environmental samples based on Next‐Generation sequencing techniques would provide a cost effective way to obtain a taxonomically much more complete assessment of environmental quality and biodiversity, as required by EU directives and national legislation.
Endocrine responses and acute mTOR pathway phosphorylation to resistance exercise with leucine and whey

Leucine ingestion reportedly activates the mTOR pathway in skeletal muscle, contributing to a hypertrophy response. The purpose of the study was to compare the post-resistance exercise effects of leucine and whey protein supplementation on endocrine responses and muscle mTOR pathway phosphorylation. On visit 1, subjects (X±SD; n=20; age=27.8±2.8yrs) provided baseline blood samples for analysis of cortisol, glucose and insulin; a muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle to assess mTOR signaling pathway phosphorylation; and were tested for maximum strength on the leg press and leg extension exercises. For visits 2 and 3, subjects were randomized in a double-blind crossover design to ingest either leucine and whey protein (10g+10g; supplement) or a non-caloric placebo. During these visits, 5 sets of 10 repetitions were performed on both exercises, immediately followed by ingestion of the supplement or placebo. Blood was sampled 30 min post-, and a muscle biopsy 45 min post-exercise. Western blots quantified total and phosphorylated proteins. Insulin increased (α<.05) with supplementation with no change in glucose compared to placebo. Relative phosphorylation of AKT and rpS6 were greater with leucine and whey supplementation compared to placebo. Supplementation of leucine and whey protein immediately after heavy resistance exercise increases anabolic signaling in human skeletal muscle.
Acute CO2 tolerance limits of juveniles of three marine invertebrates, Sepia lycidas, Sepioteuthis lessoniana, and Marsupenaeus japonicus

CO2 ocean storage is proposed as a possible measure to mitigate climate changes caused by increasing atmospheric con- centrations of the gas. The feasibility of the measure has been intensively investigated, yet its biological impact on marine animals is still largely unknown. We investigated the acute CO2 tolerance of juveniles of three marine invertebrates; the cuttlefish, Sepia lycidas, the squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana, and the prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus. Median tolerance limits of CO2 were 8.4% (24 h) for the cuttlefish, 5.9% (24 h) and 3.8% (48 h) for the squid and 14.3% (72 h) for the prawn. Comparison of these and previously reported data suggests an inverse relationship between O2 requirement and CO2 tolerance among marine animals.
The significance of myoclonic status epilepticus in postanoxic coma

We report 11 adults who exhibited myoclonic status epilepticus (MSE) after cardiac arrest. Based on pathologic, electroencephalographic, and clinical evidence, we conclude that our patients died from the initial anoxic-ischemic insult rather than as a result of MSE. We suggest that the seizures in these nonsurvivors were self-limited events arising from lethal damage to neurons. Thus, in patients with bilaterally synchronous facial myoclonus, bilateral loss of pupillary or oculovestibular reflexes, and suppression and burst-suppression on EEG, it is not warranted to use anesthetic barbiturates to treat MSE.