Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physically active lessons in schools and their impact on physical activity, educational, health and cognition outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective This review provides the first meta-analysis of the impact of physically active lessons on lesson-time and overall physical activity (PA), as well as health, cognition and educational outcomes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies. Six meta-analyses pooled effects on lesson-time PA, overall PA, in-class educational and overall educational outcomes, cognition and health outcomes. Meta-analyses were conducted using the metafor package in R. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for risk of bias. Data sources PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC and Web of Science, grey literature and reference lists were searched in December 2017 and April 2019. Studies eligibility criteria Physically active lessons compared with a control group in a randomised or non-randomised design, within single component interventions in general school populations. Results 42 studies (39 in preschool or elementary school settings, 27 randomised controlled trials) were eligible to be included in the systematic review and 37 of them were included across the six meta-analyses (n=12 663). Physically active lessons were found to produce large, significant increases in lesson-time PA (d=2.33; 95% CI 1.42 to 3.25: k=16) and small, increases on overall PA (d=0.32; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.46: k=8), large, improvement in lesson-time educational outcomes (d=0.81; 95% CI 0.47 to 1.14: k=7) and a small improvement in overall educational outcomes (d=0.36; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.63: k=25). No effects were seen on cognitive (k=3) or health outcomes (k=3). 25/42 studies had high risk of bias in at least two domains. Conclusion In elementary and preschool settings, when physically active lessons were added into the curriculum they had positive impact on both physical activity and educational outcomes. These findings support policy initiatives encouraging the incorporation of physically active lessons into teaching in elementary and preschool setting. Trial registration number CRD42017076933.
Dynamic Pullout Behavior of Multiple Steel Fibers in UHPC: Effects of Fiber Geometry, Inclination Angle, and Loading Rate

This study examined the influences of fiber geometry, inclination angle, and loading rate on the pullout behavior of multiple steel fibers in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). For this, two different steel fiber types, i.e., straight (S-) and hooked (H-), four different inclination angles (0°–60°), and four different loading rates (0.018 mm/s to 1200 mm/s) were considered. Test results indicated that the pullout performance of S-fibers in UHPC was improved by increasing the loading rate. The highest maximum pullout load of the S-fiber was obtained at the inclination angle of 30° or 45°. The maximum pullout loads of H-fibers also increased with increases in the loading rate, while their slip capacities rather decreased. No specific inclination angle was identified in the case of H-fibers that caused the highest maximum pullout load. The H-fibers yielded higher average bond strengths than S-fibers, but similar or even smaller pullout energies under the impact loads. The aligned S-fiber in UHPC was most sensitive to the loading rate compared to the inclined S-fiber and aligned H-fiber. The rate sensitivity became moderate with the fiber inclination angle. Consequently, the aligned S-fiber was recommended to achieve the best energy absorption capacity and interfacial bond strength at various impact loads.
The Carletonville-Mothusimpilo project: limiting transmission of HIV through community-based interventions

For all of the last century, the economy of South Africa, and so also of its neighbouring countries, has depended on migrant labour from rural areas. This is particularly so for the mining industry, especially hard-rock mining, and this has led to a system of oscillating migration whereby men from rural areas come to live and work on the mines without their wives or families, but return home regularly. This pattern of oscillating migration is an important determination of health and especially at the start of the epidemic, contributed to the spread of HIV in Carletonville, the largest gold-mining complex in the world. We first consider the political and economic context within which earlier attempts to develop HIV intervention programmes were made and then show how the Carletonville project was based on a set of assumptions. First, that HIV should not be treated as another biomedical problem to be dealt with by changing individual behaviour but rather that it must be understood within the social, cultural and normative conditions that pertain in particular communities. Secondly, that in the short to medium term the most effective interventions would involve the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and the use of community-based peer educators to promote safer sexual practices and the use of condoms. Thirdly, that for the intervention to sustainable for long term, it would require the full commitment of the local stakeholders including the state, the private sector, the trade unions and local community-based organisation. Fourthly, that in order to understand the nature and patterns of the epidemic, to focus our intervention efforts so that they have the maximum effect, to make sensible predictions as to the likely future course of the likely future course of the epidemic, and finally, to carry out detailed monitoring and evaluation of the epidemic using both biomedical and behavioural markers of infection and behaviour. The background and the current status of the project are described in detail. The surveys have shown that the situation is even worse that envisaged young women from infection. Valuable lessons have been learnt concerning the reasons for the continued spread of the epidemic and some success has been achieved especially in the empowerment of women at high risk and the mobilization of people from all sectors of the community to join the flight against HIV/AIDS. It is still too early to show significant changes in STI or HIV rates but it is hoped that this will become apparent over the course of the next one or two years.
Hepatic alterations during the development and progression of cancer cachexia.

Cancer associated bodyweight loss (cachexia) is a hallmark of many cancers and is associated with decreased quality of life and increased mortality. Hepatic function can dramatically influence whole body energy expenditure and may therefore significantly influence whole body health during cancer progression. PURPOSE To examine alterations in markers of hepatic metabolism and physiology during cachexia progression. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were injected with 1X106 Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells dissolved in 100 µL PBS and cancer was allowed to develop for 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks. Control animals were injected with an equal volume of PBS. Livers were analyzed for measures of metabolism, collagen deposition, protein turnover and mitochondrial quality. RESULTS 4wk animals had ~30% larger livers compared to all other groups. Cancer progression was associated with altered regulators of fat metabolism. Additionally, longer duration of cancer development was associated with ~3-fold increased regulators of collagen deposition as well as phenotypic collagen content, suggesting increased liver fibrosis. Mitochondrial quality control regulators appeared to be altered before any phenotypic alterations to collagen deposition. While induction of Akt was noted, downstream markers of protein synthesis were not altered. CONCLUSIONS Cancer cachexia progression is associated with hepatic pathologies, specifically liver fibrosis. Alterations to mitochondrial quality control mechanisms appear to precede this fibrotic phenotype, potentially suggesting mitochondrial mechanisms for the development of hepatic pathologies during the development and progression of cancer cachexia. Novelty Cachexia progression results in liver collagen deposition and fibrosis. Alterations in mitochondrial quality control may precede liver pathologies during cachexia.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced ovulation occurs later but with equal occurrence in lactating dairy cows: comparing hCG and gonadotropin-releasing hormone protocols

This study assessed the effects of two hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), on ovulatory responses during different diestrous stages in lactating dairy cows. Estrous cycles of 21 cows were synchronized and were enrolled in stage 1 of the experiment. The cows were treated with a prostaglandin (PG) F2α analog either 9 to 10 days [mid-diestrus (MD) group] or 5.5 to 6.5 days [early-diestrus (ED) group] after synchronized ovulation (day 0 = first PGF2α administration). On day 2, the cows were administrated 250 μg GnRH or 3000 IU hCG. Ovulation was determined every 2 h from 24 to 36 h after GnRH or hCG administration, and then every 4 h up to 72 h until ovulation. Cows in stage 2 were administered these treatments in the reverse order. The results indicated that average ovulation times in cows treated with GnRH in the MD group (GnRH-MD group) and cows treated with GnRH in the ED group (GnRH-ED group) were 30.0 ± 1.0 h and 28.8 ± 0.4 h, respectively. However, ovulation times for cows treated with hCG in the MD group (hCG-MD group) and cows treated with hCG in the ED group (hCG-ED group) were 35.8 ± 4.6 h and 32.8 ± 2.2 h, respectively, and ovulation occurred significantly later in the hCG-treated groups than in the GnRH-treated groups. In summary, we found that hCG-induced ovulation occurred later than GnRH-induced ovulation regardless of different diestrous peroids; however, the two treatments did not differ in terms of percentage of ovulation.
Uncertainty in illness in family caregivers of palliative care patients and associated factors

Objective to describe the level of uncertainty in illness in family caregivers of palliative care patients and detect associations between the profile of the caregiver and the levels of uncertainty. Method descriptive correlational study conducted with 300 family caregivers of hospitalized patients. The sociodemographic characterization of caregiver and patient was used to assess the caregiver profile, as well as the Uncertainty in Illness scale for family caregivers. Spearman’s Rho correlation test was applied to detect associations. Results the average score of illness uncertainty was 91.7 points. The analysis showed significant correlations between the level of uncertainty and patient dependence (r=0.18, p=0.001), symptom assessment (r=0.312, p<0.001), length of service as a caregiver (r=0.131, p=0.023), perception of support from health professionals (r=-0.16, p=0.048), family (r=-0.145, p=0.012) and religious support (r=-0.131, p=0.050). Conclusions there were high levels of uncertainty in caregivers about their patient’s illness. These levels are associated with the health condition and symptoms of the patient who is cared for, the length of service as a caregiver and the perceived support from health professionals, family and religion.
Propranolol inhibits myocardial infarction-induced brown adipose tissue D2 activation and maintains a low thyroid hormone state in rats

Considering the recognized role of thyroid hormones on the cardiovascular system during health and disease, we hypothesized that type 2 deiodinase (D2) activity, the main activation pathway of thyroxine (T4)-to-triiodothyronine (T3), could be an important site to modulate thyroid hormone status, which would then constitute a possible target for β-adrenergic blocking agents in a myocardial infarction (MI) model induced by left coronary occlusion in rats. Despite a sustained and dramatic fall in serum T4 concentrations (60–70%), the serum T3 concentration fell only transiently in the first week post-infarction (53%) and returned to control levels at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery compared to the Sham group (P<0.05). Brown adipose tissue (BAT) D2 activity (fmol T4·min-1·mg ptn-1) was significantly increased by approximately 77% in the 8th week and approximately 100% in the 12th week in the MI group compared to that of the Sham group (P<0.05). Beta-blocker treatment (0.5 g/L propranolol given in the drinking water) maintained a low T3 state in MI animals, dampening both BAT D2 activity (44% reduction) and serum T3 (66% reduction in serum T3) compared to that of the non-treated MI group 12 weeks after surgery (P<0.05). Propranolol improved cardiac function (assessed by echocardiogram) in the MI group compared to the non-treated MI group by 40 and 57%, 1 and 12 weeks after treatment, respectively (P<0.05). Our data suggested that the beta-adrenergic pathway may contribute to BAT D2 hyperactivity and T3 normalization after MI in rats. Propranolol treatment maintained low T3 state and improved cardiac function additionally.
The Assessment of Consistency in Single-Case Experiments: Beyond A-B-A-B Designs

Quality standards for single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) recommend inspecting six data aspects: level, trend, variability, overlap, immediacy, and consistency of data patterns. The data aspect consistency has long been neglected by visual and statistical analysts of SCEDs despite its importance for inferring a causal relationship. However, recently a first quantification has been proposed in the context of A-B-A-B designs, called CONsistency of DAta Patterns (CONDAP). In the current paper, we extend the existing CONDAP measure for assessing consistency in designs with more than two successive A-B elements (e.g., A-B-A-B-A-B), multiple baseline designs, and changing criterion designs. We illustrate each quantification with published research.
Beta Oscillations in Working Memory, Executive Control of Movement and Thought, and Sensorimotor Function

Beta oscillations (∼13 to 30 Hz) have been observed during many perceptual, cognitive, and motor processes in a plethora of brain recording studies. Although the function of beta oscillations (hereafter “beta” for short) is unlikely to be explained by any single monolithic description, we here discuss several convergent findings. In prefrontal cortex (PFC), increased beta appears at the end of a trial when working memory information needs to be erased. A similar “clear-out” function might apply during the stopping of action and the stopping of long-term memory retrieval (stopping thoughts), where increased prefrontal beta is also observed. A different apparent role for beta in PFC occurs during the delay period of working memory tasks: it might serve to maintain the current contents and/or to prevent interference from distraction. We confront the challenge of relating these observations to the large literature on beta recorded from sensorimotor cortex. Potentially, the clear-out of working memory in PFC has its counterpart in the postmovement clear-out of the motor plan in sensorimotor cortex. However, recent studies support alternative interpretations. In addition, we flag emerging research on different frequencies of beta and the relationship between beta and single-neuron spiking. We also discuss where beta might be generated: basal ganglia, cortex, or both. We end by considering the clinical implications for adaptive deep-brain stimulation.
Clinical, functional, and cytological evaluation of sputum in postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans: a possible overlap with asthma?

1. Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba (PR) Brasil. 2. Complexo do Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba (PR) Brasil. a. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-4653; b. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-2599; c. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7406-5286; d. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7501-0647; e. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6044-3327; f. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7960-3925; g. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7385-4598; h. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8550-8051 DEAR EDITOR:
Seizure recurrence risk in persons with epilepsy undergoing antiepileptic drug tapering

Antiepileptic drug (AED) tapering in persons with epilepsy (PWE) after 2‐3 years of seizure freedom is still debatable because of the risk of seizure recurrence. Tapering patterns have wide variability and could impact seizure recurrence; this study aimed to find out the correlation between them.
Prognostic Value of the Echocardiographic Probability of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

The prognostic value of pulmonary hypertension (PH) estimated by echocardiography in unselected patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is poorly studied. Between November 2014 and September 2018, 657 patients were recruited in a prospective registry of ADHF (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02444416). The probability of pulmonary hypertension was based on European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for echocardiographic evaluation. The median survival without all-cause mortality or readmission was 7 months. During the median follow-up period of 15 months, there were 450 events including 185 deaths. In multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause mortality or readmission for patients with a high probability of PH was 1.67 (95% CI 1.29–2.17, p < 0.001) as compared to patients with a low or intermediate probability. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and right ventricular function (RVF) were not associated with the primary outcome—HR 1.02 (95% CI 0.81–1.29; p = 0.84) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.76–1.23; p = 0.77) respectively. In patients admitted for ADHF, a high probability of PH as evaluated by echocardiography provided the highest independent prognostic value for mortality and readmission, whereas LVEF and RVF were not associated with prognosis. The identification of patients at high risk of PH by non-invasive measurement conveys important prognostic information and may guide management.
Atelectasis and lung changes in preterm neonates in the neonatal period: a blind radiological report and clinical findings

Objective To determine the occurrence and characteristics of atelectasis, opacities, hypolucency and pulmonary infiltrates observed on chest X-rays of preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study. From August to December 2017, all chest radiographs of newborn infants were analyzed. The study included the chest radiographs of preterm neonates with gestational ages up to 36 weeks in the neonatal period that showed clear changes or suspected changes, which were confirmed after a radiologist’s report. Radiological changes were associated with possible predisposing factors. Results During the study period, 450 radiographs were performed on preterm neonates, and 37 lung changes were identified and classified into 4 types: 12 (2.66%) changes were described as opacities, 11 (2.44%) were described as atelectasis, 10 (2.22%) were described as pulmonary infiltrate, and 4 (0.88%) were described as hypolucency. A higher occurrence of atelectasis was noted in the right lung (81.8%). Among the abnormal radiographs, 25 (67.6%) newborn infants were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusion Considering the radiological report, no significance was found for the observed changes. Atelectasis was not the most frequently observed change. The predisposing factors for these changes were extreme prematurity, low weight, male sex, a poorly positioned endotracheal tube and the use of invasive mechanical ventilation.
Prognostic factors associated with long-term mortality in 1445 patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a 15-year follow-up study

Limited data are available regarding the prognostic factors for patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). We investigated the prognostic factors associated with long-term mortality in NTM-PD patients after adjusting for individual confounders, including aetiological organism and radiological form. A total of 1445 patients with treatment-naïve NTM-PD who were newly diagnosed between July 1997 and December 2013 were included. The aetiological organisms were as follows: Mycobacterium avium (n=655), M. intracellulare (n=487), M. abscessus (n=129) and M. massiliense (n=174). The factors associated with mortality in NTM-PD patients were analysed using a multivariable Cox model after adjusting for demographic, radiological and aetiological data. The overall 5-, 10- and 15-year cumulative mortality rates for the NTM-PD patients were 12.4%, 24.0% and 36.4%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, the following factors were significantly associated with mortality in NTM-PD patients: old age, male sex, low body mass index, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary or extrapulmonary malignancy, chronic heart or liver disease and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The aetiological organism was also significantly associated with mortality: M. intracellulare had an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.40, 95% CI 1.03–1.91; M. abscessus had an aHR of 2.19, 95% CI 1.36–3.51; and M. massiliense had an aHR of 0.99, 95% CI 0.61–1.64, compared to M. avium. Mortality was also significantly associated with the radiological form of NTM-PD for the cavitary nodular bronchiectatic form (aHR 1.70, 95% CI 1.12–2.59) and the fibrocavitary form (aHR 2.12, 95% CI 1.57–3.08), compared to the non-cavitary nodular bronchiectatic form. Long-term mortality in patients with NTM-PD was significantly associated with the aetiological NTM organism, cavitary disease and certain demographic characteristics. The long-term mortality of patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease was significantly associated with the aetiological organism, cavitary disease and certain demographic characteristics http://bit.ly/2kyXTHT
Enriching cancer pharmacology with drugs of marine origin

Marine natural products have proven, over the last half‐century, to be effective biological modulators. These molecules have revealed new targets for cancer therapy as well as dissimilar modes of action within typical classes of drugs. In this scenario, innovation from marine‐based pharmaceuticals has helped advance cancer chemotherapy in many aspects, as most of these are designated as first‐in‐class drugs. Here, by examining the path from discovery to development of clinically approved drugs of marine origin for cancer treatment—cytarabine (Cytosar‐U®), trabectedin (Yondelis®), eribulin (Halaven®), brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®), and plitidepsin (Aplidin®)— together with those in late clinical trial phases—lurbinectedin, plinabulin, marizomib, and plocabulin—the present review offers a critical analysis of the contributions given by these new compounds to cancer pharmacotherapy.