Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationships among Hyalesthes obsoletus, its herbaceous host plants and "bois noir" phytoplasma strains in vineyard ecosystems in the Marche region (central-eastern Italy)

The relationships between the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus, its herbaceous host plants (nettle and bindweed), and “bois noir” phytoplasma strains (tuf-type) were studied in five different vineyard areas of the Marche region (Italy). Stolbur phytoplasma was detected by molecular analysis of planthoppers and of their host plants. These planthoppers were caught from bindweed and nettle and separated according to sex. Their mean rates of infection varied from 22.5% to 44.2% in samples from bindweed, and from 7.7% to 14.3% from nettle. All the H. obsoletus from bindweed harboured the tuf-type II, with tuf-type I predominant in planthoppers on nettle.
Greek Athletics in the Roman World: Victory and Virtue

1. Introduction: Greeks, Romans, and Athletics in the Roman World I. ATHLETICS IN THE ROMAN WEST 2. Greek Athletics in the Heart of Rome 3. Visualizing Athletics in the Roman Baths 4. Idealized Statues in Roman Villas II. ATHLETICS AND IDENTITY IN THE GREEK EAST 5. Training Warriors: The Merits of a Physical Education 6. The Athenian Ephebeia: Performing the Past 7. Olympia and Pausanias' Construction of Greece 8. Gymnasia, Festivals, and Euergetism in Asia MInor 9. Conclusions
Assessment of cadmium tolerance and phytoextraction ability in young Populus deltoides L. and Populus × euramericana plants through morpho-anatomical and physiological responses to growth in cadmium enriched soil

Abstract: Fast growing woody plants represent effective tools for cadmium (Cd) extraction during remediation of low to medium Cd contaminated soils. Poplars are good candidates for this task because of their rapid growth rate, high biomass yield, and adaptability, as well as the availability of well-characterized clones/ genotypes with various anatomical and physiological traits. The present study evaluates the potential of Populus deltoides (clone B-81) and Populus × euramericana (clone Pannonia) for phytoremediation of Cd contamination in soil. Poplar clones were analyzed for (1) plant growth response to Cd contamination, (2) Cd accumulation, translocation, and partitioning between plant organs, and (3) morphological, anatomical and physiological responses to Cd stress as a function of biomass production. Plants were cultivated in soil moderately contaminated with Cd (8.14 mg kg-1 soil) under semi-controlled conditions for six weeks. Our results suggest that P. × euramericana and P. deltoides clones respond differently to Cd contamination. Biomass production and morphological characteristics were more negatively affected in P. × euramericana than in P. deltoides plants. However, most examined leaf structural parameters were not significantly affected by Cd. In most cases, photosynthetic characteristics and gas exchange parameters were affected by Cd treatment, but the levels and patterns of changes depended on the clone. High tolerance to applied Cd levels, as estimated by the tolerance index, was observed in both clones, but was higher in P. deltoides than P. × euramericana (82.2 vs. 66.5, respectively). We suspect that the higher tolerance to Cd toxicity observed in P. deltoides could be related to unchanged proline content and undisturbed nitrogen metabolism. Following treatment, 58.0 and 46.7% of the total Cd content was accumulated in the roots of P. × euramericana and P. deltoides, respectively, with the remainder in the stems (18.2 and 39.9%) and leaves (23.8 and 13.4%). In summary, P. deltoides displayed better phytoextraction performance under Cd exposure than P. × euramericana, suggesting its potential not only for Cd phytostabilization, but also phytoextraction projects.
Code-switching and Learning General Knowledge of Vocabulary in the Iranian University Context

This study focused on the issue of code-switching(CS) (brief switches to the first language of the learners) in the classroom and provided insight into the functions and the roles of the first language (L1) in the foreign language (FL) class for the purpose of facilitating vocabulary learning . The question this study tried to answer was whether or not using code switching (CS) affects Iranian EFL university students’ vocabulary knowledge . To this end, one group of 30 junior university students was chosen from among 50 Iranian university students. Their linguistic homogeneity was established through an Oxford Placement Test (OPT). There was only one group which was on two different occasions. Once code switching was forbidden in the classroom in the process of learning foreign vocabulary and then it was allowed. In the first occasion, the teacher taught vocabularies without code switching in six sessions. Then, the whole participants were asked to participate in vocabulary tests (pre-test). In the second occasion, the teacher taught the same content during the six sessions but both the students and the teacher were allowed to shift to Persian when they faced difficulty for better explanation and making sure that they had understood the contents. After three weeks intervals the learners participated in the post-test. For collecting data from the participants on two different occasions paired-samples t-test was used. The results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the two conditions and this revealed that the differences between condition means are likely due to chance. Therefore, the use of mother tongue in foreign language classes cannot facilitate learning and CS environment does not have better learning results, in terms of vocabulary gains, than English-only instruction.
THE IMPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION TO THE PRODUCTION AND TRADE OF DOMESTIC FRUITS

Free trade, which is part of liberalization process upon international trade and the implementation of many trade agreements, already brought implication to domestic trade performance. The impact of free trade policy will affect to the trade management of domestic fruit. It can result in either negative or positive effects. The objective of this research was analyzing and studying responses of Indonesian local fruit trade performance in domestic market due to fluctuation change of fruit import as the result of free trade policy implementation. Data used in this research was secondary data. The data obtained from Department of Agriculture, Department of Industry and Trade, FAO, and Indonesian Central Bank database. That data was collected from 1980 to 2006. Model that created in this research was estimated by OLS (Ordinary Least Square) method. The results show that free trade implementation influences on increasing of imported quantity for apple, orange, banana, and papaya commodity, decreasing of total domestic fruit supply, decreasing of land area for mango, banana, orange, and papaya cultivation until its next 2 years period, decreasing of productivity for banana and papaya cultivation, and increasing of mango, banana, and papaya price in the farmer level until its next 2 years period.
ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF USING CONTAMINATED FOOD IN THE BOTTOM TRAPS AND BARRIERS OF FISHES

S fishermen use contaminated food in the bottom traps and barriers in the Nile branches to attract fish. Microbiological investigations showed that such food is highly contaminated by bacteria and fungi. The identified genera of bacteria in food material, water and skin lesions were Aeromonas, Pseudomonas* Bacillus and Actinomycetes. On the other hand, four species of fungi namely Aspergilhts flavus, Aspergillus lerreus, Fusarium sp. and Penicillium chrysogenum were isolated from the contaminated food. The field observations revealed that Tilapia zillii samples collected from the area contaminated by such food had higher ratio of skin diseases compared to other sites. The skin diseases in this site included skin ulcer (13.8%), fin erosion (16.9%) as well as b -u. ions (10%). The ratios of the skin ulcers (>15%) and fin erosion (>30%) of the total body area among male and female T. zillii from the contaminated site were elevated compared to other ratios. The seasonal variation of different skin diseases revealed that the maximum prevalence, ranging between 40.8% and 24.2%, were detected in summer and spring respectively. The GLM statistical analysis revealed that site and season had significant effects (p<Q.Q5) on the frequency of skin diseases. There was insignificant correlation between the areas of minimal and moderate skin ulcers (<10% and 10-15% respectively) and fin erosions (<I5% and 15-30%) with the different biological variables of T. zillii males and females (i? ranged between 0.01 and 0.22). However, the regression of severe skin ulcers (>15%) versus such biological variables showed that feeding intensity (FI), fish condition (k) and hepato-somatic index (HIS) of males decreased 184 AlaaA. Aine-na-ei and Mohamed T» Shaaban with increasing the area of skin ulcers, while TSI was not affected by this lesion. The trend was more obvious in case of females, where FI5 K, HIS and OS1 were negatively affected by the skin ulcers. On the other hand, FI and K of males and FI, K and OSI of females were inversely correlated with severe fin erosions (>30%). Laboratory investigations showed that the skin ulcers and fin erosions first appeared in the 5th day after the application of the contaminated food with or without water from site (B) in the aquaria. The mortality rate in fish, which were provided with the contaminated food with or without water from site (B), was 10 % at day'18 and 33.3 % at days 19 and 20, reaching 100 % at 22nd day.
Using Expert Opinion to Quantify Uncertainty in and Cost of Using Nondestructive Evaluation on Bridges

A previous literature review indicated that there is little published experimental data that can be used to determine quantities such as bias, accuracy, reliability, and cost of common Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) methods as far as their use on bridges is concerned. This study attempts to quantify these parameters for common bridge NDE methods through a four-round Delphi method survey with experts in the NDE bridge field. The survey results indicate that most commonly used bridge NDE methods tend to be underbiased and relatively reliable. Furthermore, the accuracy of commonly used bridge NDE methods tends to be relatively variable with the average test measuring a true response between 80% and 85% of the time. In general, it was shown by the participant responses that the more expensive the method was, the better the bias, accuracy, and reliability the method had, and vice versa. The information presented in this paper can serve as a starting point for characterizing different NDE methods for use in bridge management and inspection planning and identifies the type of information that is still needed. As such, this research has the potential to promote further research on this subject.
Best distribution and plotting positions of daily maximum flood estimation at Ona River in Ogun-Oshun river basin, Nigeria

The paper discusses how Normal, Lognormal, and log-Pearson type 3 distributions were investigated as distributions for modelling at-site annual maximum flood flows using the Hazen, Weibull, and California plotting positions at Ogun-Oshun river basin in Nigeria. All the probability distributions when matched with Weibull plotting position gave similar values near the center of the distribution but varied considerably in the tails. The Weibull plotting position when matched with Normal, Log-normal and Log Pearson Type III probability distributions gave the highest coefficient of determinations of 0.967, 0.987, and 0.986 respectively. Hazen plotting position gave minimal errors with the RMSE of 6.988, 6.390, and 6.011 for Normal, Log-normal, and Log-Pearson Type III probability distributions respectively. This implies that, predicting statistically using Hazen plotting position, the central tendency of predicted values to deviate from observed flows will be minimal for the period under consideration. Minimum absolute differences of 2.3516 and 0.5763 at 25- and 50-year return periods were obtained under the Log-Pearson Type III distribution when matched with Weibull plotting position, while an absolute difference of 0.2338 at 100-year return period was obtained under the Log-Pearson Type III distribution when matched with California plotting position. Comparing the probability distributions, Log-Pearson Type III distribution with the least absolute differences for all the plotting positions is the best distribution among the three for Ona River under Ogun-osun river basin study location.
Contour feather moult of Ruffs Philomachus pugnax during northward migration, with notes on homology of nuptial plumages in scolopacid waders

Among the sandpiper family Scolopacidae, the Ruff Philomachus pugnux combines a large seasonal change in the appearance of the plumage with a very pronounced sexual plumage dimorphism. Studies on the east and south African wintering grounds of Ruffs indicate that before northward migration at least the males moult ($art 00 their basic (winter) plumage into a kind of alternative plumage. We studied the details of the subsequent moult into a final (supplemental) breeding plumage by quantifying the presence of three feather types - (1) winter (basic), (2) striped (alternate) and (3) breeding (supplemental) - in breast feather samples of 1441 Ruffs captured on staging areas in The Netherlands during northward migration in 1993-97. Ruffs arriving in March show a mix of winter and striped feathers. In April, the ‘breeding feather’ type appears in both male and female Ruffs, and partially takes the place of winter feathers as well as striped feathers in males, and winter feathers only in females. The presence of three plumages in Ruffs is thus confirmed for males, but also occurs in female Ruffs and in Bar-tailed Godwits Limosu Zdpponica. We suggest that striped feathers represent the ‘original’ alternative plumage feather type of the sandpiper family and that the showy feathers of the, in the European literature fortuitously appropriately named, ‘supplementary plumage’ represent an additional feather generation. Such colourful nuptial plumages could thus be derived characters that have evolved independently in several scolopacid genera, presumably under particularly strong sexual selection pressures.
The Economic Crisis and the Reshaping of Geography

An exploration of roots and effects of the recent economic and fiscal crisis reveals temporal and spatial characteristics which are used in this paper in order to discuss concepts and explanations from Economic Geography. In general, we may observe a transformation of Western economy and society which, labeled as financialisation, has increasingly structured spatial development on different scales recently. The paper explores (a) more systematically when, where and to what extent geographical elements accelerate crisis developments. These arguments build on the theoretical explanation brought forward by David Harvey and the French regulation school. These insights form (b) a background for arguments for an economic geography of “glocal” crisis in order to improve our explanatory abilities. Strong geographical components become obvious in the causes of the subprime crisis – an issue which reflects the ways the built environment is organised. Furthermore, effects of the crisis reinforce processes of uneven development on both international and sub-national scales.
Valuation of Options on Discretely Sampled Variance: A General Analytic Approximation

The values of options on realized variance are significantly impacted by the discrete sampling of realized variance and may be substantially higher than the values of options on continuously sampled variance (or, quadratic variation). Under arbitrary stochastic volatility dynamics, we analyze the discretization effect and obtain a simple analytical correction term to be applied to the value of options on continuously sampled variance. Our final result is remarkably compact and allows for a straightforward implementation in many of the standard stochastic volatility models proposed in the literature.
On the economic significance of the benchmark portfolio

Abasic issue underlying financial theory is the constitution of the market portfolio. Hence the adequacy of its usual proxy, the S&P500, is of paramount importance. Using 17 industry portfolios, we form an equally-weighted (passive) portfolio statistically identical to the S&P500 with respect to volatility. We find that, about half the time, the industry portfolio has higher returns than the S&P500. We offer this as an explanation for the flatness of the CAPM noted and questioned in early studies by Basu (1977), Black, Jensen and Scholes (1972), and Reinganum (1981). We suggest that the partial inefficiency of the S&P500 is laden with serious implications for investors and portfolio managers, question the behavioral motivation for its continued use as a benchmark, and introduce new measures of full diversification. We estimate a Jensenâ€™s Alpha error of 2.04% associated with the wrong proxy for the market portfolio.
Temperature-dependent excitonic effects in the optical properties of single-layer MoS 2

Temperature influences the performance of two-dimensional (2D) materials in optoelectronic devices. Indeed, the optical characterization of these materials is usually realized at room temperature. Nevertheless, most ab initio studies are still performed without including any temperature effect. As a consequence, important features are thus overlooked, such as the relative height of the excitonic peaks and their broadening, directly related to the temperature and to the nonradiative exciton relaxation time. We present ab initio calculations of the optical response of single-layer MoS2, a prototype 2D material, as a function of temperature using density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory. We compute the electron-phonon interaction using the full spinorial wave functions, i.e., fully taking into account the effects of spin-orbit interaction. We find that bound excitons (A and B peaks) and resonant excitons (C peak) exhibit different behavior with temperature, displaying different nonradiative linewidths. We conclude that the inhomogeneous broadening of the absorption spectra is mainly due to electron-phonon scattering mechanisms. Our calculations explain the shortcomings of previous (zero-temperature) theoretical spectra and match well with the experimental spectra acquired at room temperature. Moreover, we disentangle the contributions of acoustic and optical phonon modes to the quasiparticles and exciton linewidths. Our model also allows us to identify which phonon modes couple to each exciton state, which is useful for the interpretation of resonant Raman-scattering experiments.
Effects of Supplemental Feeding on Home Range Size and Survival of Northern Bobwhites in South Georgia

We studied the effects of supplemental feeding on fall-spring covey home range size and survival of radio-marked northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) for 3 years in southwest Georgia. A total of 372 radio-marked bobwhites were monitored on 2 separate study areas for 25 weeks from fall-spring each year from November 1993 through May 1996. The traditional supplemental feeding program of bi-weekly broadcast spreading of whole grains from November through May was discontinued on one of the study areas during 1993-1994 and 1994-1995. Supplemental feed was distributed on both areas during fall-spring 1995-1996. During the 2 years of no feeding, fall-spring covey home ranges were larger (P = 0.04) on the unfed study area. During the first of these 2 years (1993-1994), fall-spring survival of birds without supplemental feed (S = 0.127) was lower (P = 0.005) than that of fed birds (S = 0.432). During the 1994-1995 season while covey home ranges of birds without supplemental feed were still slightly larger (P = 0.04), there was no difference (P = 0.76) in survival between bobwhites on the sites with and without supplemental feed. Coveys seen per hour hunted was significantly lower (P = 0.007) on the treatment (unfed) area during 2 years. During the year supplemental feed was distributed on both sites, there was no difference in home range size (P = 0.87), survival (P = 0.90), or hunting success (P = 0.82) between the 2 study sites. Supplemental feeding may reduce bobwhite movements and home range size thereby enhancing survival because of less exposure to predation. However, such an effect will probably vary among years in relation to prevailing weather and native vegetation conditions. The specific mechanisms through which supplemental feeding may effect bobwhite population performance remain unknown and require additional study. Citation: Sisson, D.C., H.L. Stribling, and D.W. Speake. 2000. Effects of supplemental feeding on home range size and survival of northern bobwhites in south Georgia. Pages 128-131 in L.A. Brennan, W.E. Palmer, L.W. Burger, Jr., and T.L. Pruden (eds.). Quail IV: Proceedings of the Fourth National Quail Symposium. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.
Tidal influence on self‐potential measurements

Long‐term surface and borehole self‐potential (SP) monitoring was conducted in the UK Chalk aquifer at two sites. The coastal site is ~1.7 km from the coast, and the inland site is ~80 km from the coast. At both sites, power spectral density analysis revealed that SP data contain the main ocean tidal periodic components. However, the principal lunar component (M2), the dominant ocean tidal component, was most significant at the coastal site. The M2 signal in surface‐referenced SP data at the inland site was partly due to telluric currents caused by the geomagnetic ocean dynamo. Earth and/or atmospheric tides also contributed, as the SP power spectrum was not typical of a telluric electric field. The M2 component in borehole‐referenced data at the inland site was below the significance level of the analysis method and was 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the M2 signal in borehole‐referenced SP data at the coastal site. The tidal response of the SP data in the coastal borehole is, therefore, primarily driven by ocean tides. These cause changes in fluid pressure and chemical concentration gradients within the coastal aquifer, leading to time varying electrokinetic and exclusion‐diffusion potentials. Borehole‐referenced SP measurements could be used to characterize and monitor tidal processes in coastal aquifers such as the intrusion of seawater.
Local endemic and threatened freshwater hydrobiids of Western Greece: elucidation of anatomy and new records

Islamia trichoniana Radoman, Pseudoislamia balcanica Radoman and Trichonia trichonica Radoman are local endemics and threatened hydrobiids living in Lake Trichonis, Western Greece. The rough initial description of their reproductive organs (i.e. penis, bursa copulatrix and receptacula seminis) is supplemented with new data. The radulae of I. trichoniana and P. balcanica are described in detail for the first time. New records of the three species are given and preliminary data about their feeding regime are provided. KeywoRds: Islamia trichoniana, Pseudoislamia balcanica, Trichonia trichonica, freshwater periphytic diatoms, Lake Trichonis