Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation Research on direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on SVPWM

The traditional direct torque control is mainly based on the stator flux vector value to achieve the purpose of stator torque control. The most effective way is to change the double hysteresis structure of stator and torque flux. Although the structure of this control mode is relatively simple and the torque can respond quickly, it will lead to serious torque and speed fluctuations. In this paper, the SVPMSM technology is introduced to replace the original voltage vector selection module, and the MATLAB/Simulink simulation model is built. The results verify the effectiveness of the direct torque control algorithm.
Predicting Employee Performance Using Text Data from Resumes

Text analytics using term frequency was proposed as an extension of biodata for predicting job performance and addressing criticisms of biodata and predictor methods—that they do not identify the constructs they are measuring or their predictive elements. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software was used to analyze and sort text into validated categories. Prolific Academic was used to recruit full-time workers who provided a copy of their resume and were assessed on impression management (IM), cognitive ability, and job performance. Predictive analyses used resumes with 100+ words (n = 667), whereas correlational analyses used the full sample (N = 809). Third-person plural pronouns, impersonal pronouns, sadness words, certainty words, non-fluencies, and colons emerged as significant predictors of job performance (χ = 26.01 (10), p = . 006). As hypothesized, impersonal pronouns were positively correlated with self-oriented IM (r = .07, p < .05), and first-person singular pronouns were positively correlated with other-oriented IM (r = .07, p < .05), however, first-person plural pronouns were negatively correlated (r = -.07, p < .05). Pronouns and verbs were not predictive of job performance. Positive and negative emotion words did not show hypothesized relationships to OCBs, CWBs, or job performance. Finally, differentiation words (r = .09, p < .01), conjunctions (r = .28, p < .01), words longer than six characters (r = .29, p < .01), prepositions (r = .20, p < .01), cognitive process words (r = .19, p < .01), causal words (r = .20, p < .01), and insight words (r = .06, p < .05) correlated with cognitive ability, but did not predict job performance. An exploratory regression analysis in which cognitive ability as measured by the Spot-The-Word Test (β = .10, p < .05) and a composite of cognitive ability created from text analytics (β = .15, p < .05) both
Controls on Fore‐Arc Deformation and Stress Switching After the Great 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake From Discrete Numerical Simulations

The large magnitude of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake, which occurred off the east coast of Japan, was not expected or predicted by any previous studies. One surprising observation was the sudden change in stress state; local earthquakes confirmed a compressional stress state before the main shock, whereas an extensional stress state was evident after the main shock. Using discrete element method modeling, this project attempts to reproduce the stress change after the main shock, and explores the conditions that can cause stress switching both onshore and offshore Tohoku. Our simulations demonstrate that rapid fault weakening can produce stress change and predominant normal‐fault earthquake mechanisms in the upper plate of Tohoku‐Oki. Several specific conditions seem to favor such stress switching; the megathrust fault must have been frictionally strong before the main shock, and comparable values of internal (μinternal) and basal friction (μbasal) are necessary to cause the formation of widespread normal faults within the wedge. Furthermore, dynamic extension during elastic unloading appears to play an important role in accommodating stress changes and wedge deformation in the Tohoku area; these cannot be explained solely based on Critical Coulomb Wedge models, but instead require dynamic unloading processes.
A preliminary checklist of butterfly diversity in the vicinity of IIT Guwahati Campus, Guwahati, Assam, India

The study has been carried was out in the vicinity of IIT Guwahati campus from June 2016 to May 2017 to ascertain the number of butterfly species present. In the present study, a total number of 54 species of butterflies belonging to 6 (six) families were reported. Among various families of butterflies found, Nymphalidae family was represented by 22 species followed by 10 species of Lycaenidae, 9 species of Pieridae, 5 species of Papilionoidae, 6 species of Hesperidae and Riodinidae family was represented by 2 species. This study is a preliminary study undertaken at the proposed site which can be regarded as one of the significant taxonomical work.
Climatology and trends of the Indian Ocean surface waves based on 39‐year long ERA5 reanalysis data

In this study, the wind and the surface waves in the Indian Ocean (IO) during 1979–2017 are studied based on the ECMWF ERA5 Reanalysis data. Long‐term statistical analysis of extreme waves is carried out based on Generalized Extreme Value distribution using annual maxima and the spatial distribution of return levels for 50 and 100 years are studied. In general, the ERA5 significant wave height (Hs) and maximum wave height (Hmax) show a good agreement with measured buoy data in the coastal (bias ~0.29 m) and deep waters (bias ~0.18 m). During the tropical cyclone, underestimation of Hs and Hmax in the ERA5 data compared to buoy data is 2.7 and 1.4%, but in general the bias is large (~0.69 m). Swell domination is observed in larger regions of the IO, whereas wind‐seas are comparable to swells in the Southern Ocean. The meridional wind speed largely influences the spatial pattern of Hs in the North IO. The stronger winds over the Southern Ocean play a major role in generating higher waves at higher latitudes. Maximum value of the 100‐year return level for Hs in IO is 17.8 m, whereas highest value of the Hs is 16.7 m and Hmax is 32.0 m. Severe wave events are common at 50°–60°S and only during 25% of the time in a year, Hmax is less than 5 m in this region. Ratio of the Hmax to Hs varies from 1.46 to 2.3 with a mean value of 1.87. The 100‐year return value of Hs changed by −4 to 5 m, when the length of the dataset is decreased from 39 years (1979–2017) to recent 20 years. On an average, from 1979 to 2017, the annual average Hmax increased by 0.73 cm/year. In major areas of the IO, a clear decrease of the Hs is observed during 1991–2017, whereas during 1979–2017, an increase in Hs is found.
Lightning Contribution to Overall Whistler Mode Wave Intensities in the Plasmasphere

Electromagnetic waves generated by lightning propagate into the plasmasphere as dispersed whistlers. They can therefore influence the overall wave intensity in space, which, in turn, is important for dynamics of the Van Allen radiation belts. We analyze spacecraft measurements in low‐Earth orbit as well as in high‐altitude equatorial region, together with a ground‐based estimate of lightning activity. We accumulate wave intensities when the spacecraft are magnetically connected to thunderstorms and compare them with measurements obtained when thunderstorms are absent. We show that strong lightning activity substantially affects the wave intensity in a wide range of L‐shells and altitudes. The effect is observed mainly between 500 Hz and 4 kHz, but its frequency range strongly varies with L‐shell, extending up to 12 kHz for L lower than 3. The effect is stronger in the afternoon, evening, and night sectors, consistent with more lightning and easier wave propagation through the ionosphere.
Mineralogical Diversity of Ca2SiO4-Bearing Combustion Metamorphic Rocks in the Hatrurim Basin: Implications for Storage and Partitioning of Elements in Oil Shale Clinkering

This is the first attempt to provide a general mineralogical and geochemical survey of natural Ca2SiO4-bearing combustion metamorphic (CM) rocks produced by annealing and decarbonation of bioproductive Maastrichtian oil shales in the Hatrurim Basin (Negev Desert, Israel). We present a synthesis of data collected for fifteen years on thirty nine minerals existing as fairly large grains suitable for analytical examination. The Hatrurim Ca2SiO4-bearing CM rocks, which are natural analogs of industrial cement clinker, have been studied comprehensively, with a focus on several key issues: major- and trace-element compositions of the rocks and their sedimentary precursors; mineral chemistry of rock-forming phases; accessory mineralogy; incorporation of heavy metals and other trace elements into different phases of clinker-like natural assemblages; role of trace elements in stabilization/destabilization of Ca2SiO4 polymorphic modifications; mineralogical diversity of Ca2SiO4-bearing CM rocks and trace element partitioning during high-temperature–low-pressure anhydrous sintering. The reported results have implications for mineral formation and element partitioning during high-temperature–low-pressure combustion metamorphism of trace element-loaded bituminous marine chalky sediments (“oil shales”) as well as for the joint effect of multiple elements on the properties and hydration behavior of crystalline phases in industrial cement clinkers.
Woody Encroachment Extent and Its Associated Impacts on Plant and Herbivore Species Occurrence in Maswa Game Reserve, Tanzania

Habitat degradation caused by woody plant encroachment has been a common phenomenon in savanna ecosystems. An increasing woody plant cover in open grassland reduces grazing grounds and, consecutively, impacts mammalian herbivores, but structural changes and their associated impact have rarely been assessed and quantified. We analyzed the extent of woody plant encroachment via remote sensing and used transects and plots to assess encroaching woody plant species and their associated impacts on herbaceous plant and herbivore species in Maswa Game Reserve, Tanzania. We found that woody plant cover had increased by 0.5% to 2.6% per annum over the last thirty years, while in other parts of the park it has decreased by 0.5% to 1.5% per annum. Acacia drepanolobium was the dominant encroaching woody species, and the number of stems in heavily encroached sites was seven times and three times higher than in open grassland and at medium encroached sites, respectively. In encroached plots, grazer and mixed feeder species occurrence were reduced while the presence of browser species was slightly elevated. Furthermore, our finding shows that bare ground cover is positively correlated with an increase of woody plant cover. Additionally, the number of herbaceous species slightly increased with the increase of woody plant encroachment, while the herbaceous cover was negatively correlated with the increase of woody plant cover. We suggest that fire regimes should be taken up to suppress the ongoing encroachment processes while strongly encroached sites might need mechanical intervention to control dense vegetation. This emphasis is on fire, particularly prescribed fire as a management tool of vegetation in Savanna ecosystem. We conclude that, woody plant encroachment is driven by different factors such as fire, mega-herbivores and topology that may interactively trigger woody plant encroachment in Savanna ecosystem.
Co-occurrence of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Cyanotoxins and Trace Elements in Commercial Fish Species from a Freshwater Protected Area (Pertusillo Lake, Southern Italy)

A total of 79 fish samples covering nine species were collected in a preliminary investigation on a SCI (Site of Community Importance) water reservoir (Pertusillo Lake, Southern Italy) created for drinking purpose and located in a territory used for drilling activities. Analyses for microcystins (MYCs) and cylindrospermopsins (CYLs) presence were performed using Elisa assays, while 10 fish samples were analyzed also for trace elements by atomic adsorption spectrophotometry and for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC-MS operated in EI mode. The results showed the compresence of important cyanotoxins and industrial contaminants in fish. More extended studies are needed to evaluate the combined effects of these contaminants on the lake ecosystem and ichthyic fauna, in order to establish an available risk assessment for human population in the lake region.
Implementation of IMPLY-based Memristive Subtractor

Memristive technology is the fast emerging alternative to the traditional computing architectures because of its In-Memory-Computation (IMC) capability and low area footprint. Subtraction is a basic arithmetic operation in microprocessors and digital signal processing applications. An IMPLY-based one-bit subtractor is proposed with five memristors and requires nineteen computational steps. Further, this paper presents two multi-bit subtractor designs. One is a serial approach, which has less number of memristors, while the second design is a parallel approach with less number of computational steps. In particular, a 32-bit serial subtractor takes 67 memristors and parallel subtractor takes 174 steps to compute the output. A 32-bit subtractor designed in parallel approach has a better Figure-of-Merit with a 29% improvement compared to the best existing design.
Induced polarization applied to biogeophysics: recent advances and future prospects

ABSTRACT This paper provides an update on the fast‐evolving field of the induced polarization method applied to biogeophysics. It emphasizes recent advances in the understanding of the induced polarization signals stemming from biological materials and their activity, points out new developments and applications, and identifies existing knowledge gaps. The focus of this review is on the application of induced polarization to study living organisms: soil microorganisms and plants (both roots and stems). We first discuss observed links between the induced polarization signal and microbial cell structure, activity and biofilm formation. We provide an up‐to‐date conceptual model of the electrical behaviour of the microbial cells and biofilms under the influence of an external electrical field. We also review the latest biogeophysical studies, including work on hydrocarbon biodegradation, contaminant sequestration, soil strengthening and peatland characterization. We then elaborate on the induced polarization signature of the plant‐root zone, relying on a conceptual model for the generation of biogeophysical signals from a plant‐root cell. First laboratory experiments show that single roots and root system are highly polarizable. They also present encouraging results for imaging root systems embedded in a medium, and gaining information on the mass density distribution, the structure or the physiological characteristics of root systems. In addition, we highlight the application of induced polarization to characterize wood and tree structures through tomography of the stem. Finally, we discuss up‐ and down‐scaling between laboratory and field studies, as well as joint interpretation of induced polarization and other environmental data. We emphasize the need for intermediate‐scale studies and the benefits of using induced polarization as a time‐lapse monitoring method. We conclude with the promising integration of induced polarization in interdisciplinary mechanistic models to better understand and quantify subsurface biogeochemical processes.
The Use of Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode for the Determination of Selected Biocides in Water Samples

In recent years, the remains of chemical substances in water environments, referred to as emerging organic contaminations, have been more and more often studied by analysts. This work shows the possibility of using a boron-doped diamond electrode to determine low concentration levels of remains of pharmaceuticals in environmental samples. The study focused on selected biocides from the group of azole fungicides (itraconazole and posaconazole) and was performed using quick and sensitive electrochemical methods. The cyclic voltammetry method was used in order to determine the properties of these compounds, whereas analytical characterization was performed using square wave voltammetry. The work involved the specification of the optimum electrooxidation conditions of the selected fungicides, their comparative characterization, and the development of a new, sensitive methods of itraconazole and posaconazole assay. The proposed procedures allowed us to determine itraconazole in the range from 7.9 × 10−8 to 1.2 × 10−6 moL·L−1 and posaconazole in the range from 5.7 × 10−8 to 8.44 × 10−7 moL·L−1. The relative standard deviation of the measurements did not exceed 5.85%. The developed procedures were successfully used to determine itraconazole and posaconazole concentration in water samples and the assay recovery was between 93.5% and 102.8%.
Phosphorus use efficiency and fertilizers: future opportunities for improvements

The continued supply of phosphate fertilizers that underpin global food production is an imminent crisis. The rock phosphate deposits on which the world depends are not only finite, but some are contaminated, and many are located in geopolitically unstable areas, meaning that fundamental changes will have to take place in order to maintain food production for a growing global population. No single solution exists, but a combination of approaches to phosphorus management is required not only to extend the lifespan of the remaining non-renewable rock phosphate reserves, but to result in a more efficient, sustainable phosphorus cycle. Solutions include improving the efficiency of fertilizer applications to agricultural land, alongside a better understanding of phosphorus cycling in soil-plant systems, and the interactions between soil physics, chemistry and biology, coupled with plant traits. Opportunities exist for the development of plants that can access different forms of soil phosphorus (e.g., organic phosphorus) and that use internal phosphorus more efficiently. The development of different sources of phosphorus fertilizers are inevitably required given the finite nature of the rock phosphate supplies. Clear opportunities exist, and it is now important that a concerted effort to make advances in phosphorus use efficiency is prioritized.
Coral Records of Temperature and Salinity in the Tropical Western Pacific Reveal Influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation Since the Late Nineteenth Century

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a complex aggregate of different atmospheric and oceanographic forcings spanning the extratropical and tropical Pacific. The PDO has widespread climatic and societal impacts, thus understanding the processes contributing to PDO variability is critical. Distinguishing PDO‐related variability is particularly challenging in the tropical Pacific due to the dominance of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and influence of anthropogenic warming signals. Century‐long western Pacific records of subannual sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS), derived from coral Sr/Ca and δ18O profiles, respectively, allow for evaluating different climatic sensitivities and identifying PDO‐related variability in the region. The summer Sr/Ca‐SST record provides evidence of a significant SST increase, likely tied to greenhouse gas emissions. Anthropogenic warming is masked in the winter Sr/Ca‐SST record by interannual to multidecadal scale changes driven by the East‐Asian Winter Monsoon and the PDO. Decadal climate variability during winter is strongly correlated to the PDO, in agreement with other PDO records in the region. The PDO also exerts influence on the SSS difference between the dry and wet season coral δ18O (δ18Oc)‐SSS records through water advection. The PDO and El Niño–Southern Oscillation constructively combine to enhance/reduce advection of saline Kuroshio waters at our site. Overall, we are able to demonstrate that climate records from a tropical reef environment significantly capture PDO variability and related changes over the period of a century. This implies that the tropical western Pacific is a key site in understanding multifrequency climate variability, including its impact on tropical climate at longer timescales.
Flickr1024: A Large-Scale Dataset for Stereo Image Super-Resolution

With the popularity of dual cameras in recently released smart phones, a growing number of super-resolution (SR) methods have been proposed to enhance the resolution of stereo image pairs. However, the lack of high-quality stereo datasets has limited the research in this area. To facilitate the training and evaluation of novel stereo SR algorithms, in this paper, we present a large-scale stereo dataset named Flickr1024, which contains 1024 pairs of high-quality images and covers diverse scenarios. We first introduce the data acquisition and processing pipeline, and then compare several popular stereo datasets. Finally, we conduct cross-dataset experiments to investigate the potential benefits introduced by our dataset. Experimental results show that, as compared to the KITTI and Middlebury datasets, our Flickr1024 dataset can help to handle the over-fitting problem and significantly improves the performance of stereo SR methods. The Flickr1024 dataset is available online at: https://yingqianwang.github. io/Flickr1024.
Farmers’ multidimensional beliefs in orange-fleshed sweetpotato acceptance among rural households in Uganda

This study sought to assess the role of multi-dimensional beliefs in acceptance of orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) as an important food for fighting micronutrient deficiencies among rural households in Uganda. Cross-sectional survey data gathered from 341 randomly selected household heads drawn from two districts were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Post hoc tests indicate that multi-dimensional beliefs (resilience in the field (MD=0.442, p<.05), dry matter content (MD=0.90, p<.05) and control over timely access to labor (MD=0.45, p<.05) significantly enhanced farmers’ decisions to try OFSP cultivation. From trial to sustained cultivation, actions of peers (MD=1.57, p<.001); and control over timely access to labor, (MD=0.55, p<.05), availability of OFSP vines (MD=0.88, p<.001) and control over access to other OFSP farmers (MD=0.63, p<.001) revealed to be important variables. The results also suggest that multi-dimensional beliefs (actions of peers, (MD=1.17, p<.001), approval of peers (MD=1.00, p<.001), control over access to OFSP vines (MD=0.67, p<.001) and control over access to other OFSP farmers (MD=0.70, p<.01)), are vital in supporting farmers to maintain their decisions to cultivate OFSP. We conclude that farmers’ multi-dimensional beliefs are important in the cultivation of OFSP, and farmers’ advancement along each acceptance stage demands for different sets of beliefs. It is recommended that promotion efforts for OFSP and related crop enterprises pay attention to decision-makers’ beliefs.
Comment on the paper by D. Efremov and Yu.N. Ovchinnikov "Singular ground state of multiband inhomogeneous superconductors", Phys. Rev. B 99, 224508 (2019)

We show that the conclusion reported in Ref. 1, that there are no spontaneous magnetic fields in multiband superconductors that break time reversal symmetry, is incorrect. We demonstrate that the state proposed in Ref. 1 is not a solution of the Ginzburg-Landau equations for the considered model. The reason is that in Ref. 1 one of the Ginzburg-Landau equations is neglected and substituted by the spurious zero current restriction. This restriction together with all of the Ginzburg-Landau equations leads to an overdetermined system which does not have a solution. This inconsistency invalidates all the results of the paper.