Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (Haccp) Assessment of Regulated Premises: An Assessment of Standard Hotels in Ilorin Metropolis

Food safety issues in developing countries are mostly centered on illnesses that are linked to poor hygiene but food hygiene in hotels remains an area of concern. Hospitality Industries are known to provide food, drink or accommodation to people who are away from home. Food poisoning can arise from public eating places like hotels and restaurants as a result unhygienic food preparation. The purpose of the study was to assess the HACCP compliance of standard hotels in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara state. Purposive sampling was used with laboratory component carried out in five standard hotels in Ilorin metropolis and the hotels with alphabets. Data were obtained through on-site observation using checklist and face to face interview.15 food samples (fried rice, white rice), 12 hand swab samples and 7 seven water samples were collected to determine the hygienic level of the food. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the results were presented using charts and tables. Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were isolated in various foods, water and hand swab. The total viable count was below 105CFU/g in all the seventeen (17) samples with 1.71 – 86.82 x 102 CFU in food, 1.65 – 12.2 x 102 CFU in hand swab and 10.63 23x102 CFU in water samples. From the findings, the food samples found to be within the marginal aerobic colony count limits according to the International Commission for Microbiological Specification for Foods (ICSMF, 1978). This implies that, though the food samples were within limits of acceptable microbiological quality, there might have been possible hygiene problems either in the preparation of the food or in handling of the food. From the checklist, it was revealed that majority (95%) of the hotels (B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) did not meet the HACCP requirement. The study revealed that the concept of HACCP was not understood and that this could be impacting on the general food hygiene standards and food-handling practices of personnel. Therefore, there is need to implement HACCP system to prevent food poisoning outbreaks and the hotels can easily adapt the strategy only if law enforcers could put strict monitoring in place.
STUDIES ON EFFECTS OF PERIODIC WAKE PASSING UPON A BLADE LEADING EDGE SEPARATION BUBBLE : TRANSITIONAL BEHAVIORS OF SEPARATED BOUNDARY LAYER

This paper describes an experimental investigation on aerodynamic interaction between incoming periodic wakes and leading edge separation bubble on a compressor or turbine blade, using a scaled leading edge model that consists of a semi-circular leading edge and two flat-plates. Cylindrical bars of the wake generator produce the periodic wakes in front of the test model. The study aims at deepening the knowledge on how and to what extent the periodic wake passing suppresses the leading edge separation bubble. Special attention is paid to the transitional behaviors of the separated boundary layers. Hot-wire probe measurements are then executed under five different flow conditions to examine effects of Reynolds number, Strouhal number, direction of the bar movement and incidence of the test model against the incoming flow. The measurements reveal that the wake moving over the separation bubble does not directly suppress the separation bubble. Instead, wake-induced turbulence spots and the subsequent calmed regions have dominant impacts on the separation bubble suppression for the all test cases. Numerical simulations are also attempted to grasp an idea how the incoming wakes interact with the separation bubble. A distinct difference is also observed in terms of the bubble suppressing effect by the wakes when the direction of the bar movement is altered.
THE ROLE OF INITIAL VALUES IN CONDITIONAL SUM-OF-SQUARES ESTIMATION OF NONSTATIONARY FRACTIONAL TIME SERIES MODELS

In this paper, we analyze the influence of observed and unobserved initial values on the bias of the conditional maximum likelihood or conditional sum-of-squares (CSS, or least squares) estimator of the fractional parameter, d, in a nonstationary fractional time series model. The CSS estimator is popular in empirical work due, at least in part, to its simplicity and its feasibility, even in very complicated nonstationary models. We consider a process, X t , for which data exist from some point in time, which we call –N 0 + 1, but we only start observing it at a later time, t = 1. The parameter (d, μ, σ 2) is estimated by CSS based on the model ${\rm{\Delta }}_0^d \left( {X_t - \mu } \right) = \varepsilon _t ,t = N + 1, \ldots ,N + T$ , conditional on X 1,. , X N . We derive an expression for the second-order bias of $\hat d$ as a function of the initial values, X t , t = – N 0 + 1,. , N, and we investigate the effect on the bias of setting aside the first N observations as initial values. We compare $\hat d$ with an estimator, $\hat d_c $ , derived similarly but by choosing μ = C. We find, both theoretically and using a data set on voting behavior, that in many cases, the estimation of the parameter μ picks up the effect of the initial values even for the choice N = 0. If N 0 = 0, we show that the second-order bias can be completely eliminated by a simple bias correction. If, on the other hand, N 0 > 0, it can only be partly eliminated because the second-order bias term due to the initial values can only be diminished by increasing N.
Eleventh Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis

In 2006 the EU decided to abandon its moratorium on negotiating new free trade agreements. Since then, numerous negotiations have been started. In particular, the EU joined in the scramble for preferential market access in Asia, starting bilateral negotiations both with individual countries, as in the case of India and South Korea, and with regional subgroupings, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In this paper, we use a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the effects of the possible agreements between the EU and the Asian countries. We want to evaluate the impact of the free trade agreements by themselves, their mutual compatibility as well as their relations with the larger agenda of multilateral trade liberalization. As a matter of fact, regional trade agreements are controversial in economics, not simply because of the classic (so-called ‘Vinerian’) view that they can sometimes reduce trade by diverting it, rather than creating it, but also because of the unresolved disagreements over when a regional trade agreement is likely to precede, rather than preclude, more global agreements.
British Comics: A Cultural History

British Comics is a unique cultural history of British comic papers and magazines, from their origins in the late nineteenth century to the present day. It shows how comics were transformed in the early twentieth century from adult amusement to imaginative reading matter for children, and relates the rise of the major comic publishers and the emergence of the mighty duopoly of Amalgamated Press and D.C.Thomson that would dominate the industry for half a century. Beginning with the first British comic 'superstar', Ally Sloper - 'A Selection, Side-splitting, Sentimental, and Serious, for the Benefit of Old Boys, Young Boys, Odd Boys generally and even Girls' - whose various misadventures reflected the emergence of a middle-class leisure economy in the late nineteenth century, British Comics goes on to describe the heyday of comics in the 1950s and '60s, when titles such as School Friend and Eagle sold a million copies a week, and analyses the major genres including schoolgirl fantasies, sport and war stories for boys. The author charts the development of a new breed of violent comics in the 1970s, including the controversial Action and 2000AD, and also considers the attempt of an American comic publisher, Marvel, to launch a new hero for the British market in the form of Captain Britain. He goes on to document the appearance in the 1980s and '90s of adult-oriented comics such as Warrior, Crisis, Deadline and Revolver and alternative comics such as Viz, and concludes by considering the work of important contemporary comic writers including Alan Moore, Grant Morrison, Ian Edginton, Warren Ellis and Garth Ennis. British Comics explains what children and adults thought of their comics and why some titles prospered while others failed, and also maps the changing structure of the comic publishing industry and how comic publishers, writers and artists have responded to the tastes of their consumers. Ultimately, the book argues that British comics are a distinctive kind of publishing that is different from (and certainly not inferior to) American, French and Japanese comics. An invaluable reference for comics collectors and fans world-wide, British Comics is a fascinating and thorough history that showcases the major role that comics have played in the imaginative lives of British juveniles - and some adults.
Anxiety Levels in Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Making the Transition from Primary to Secondary School

The anxiety levels of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) over the period of transition from primary to secondary school are investigated. A repeated measures design and an adapted version of a self-report measure, the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), are used to compare the anxiety levels of eight students before and after the transfer. Analysis at the individual level of the sub-scale scores using the adapted SCAS against the standardised norms in two studies involving community samples reveals a mixed picture. These findings suggest that individual differences are a significant feature. Limitations of the research and possible avenues for future research are considered. Implications for supporting students with ASD in schools are outlined. Having Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4th considered to be a lifelong developmental dis- edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Associ ability which has a pervasive impact on how an ation, 2000). individual makes sense of the world and inter- Enhanced anxiety levels in individuals with acts with other people. The term Autism Spec- ASD are a recognized clinical feature that may trum Disorder is used in this paper to embrace result from a range of factors such as an indi a range of diagnostic labels including classical vidual's difficulty in dealing with social situa autism, atypical autism and Asperger's Syn- tions due to social interaction and communi drome. Wing and Gould, in their 1979 Cam- cation impairments; problems coping with berwell (London) study into the prevalence of changes in the environment and hence the autism in children with special needs, identi- need for routine; and responses to sensory fied children who did not fit with previous experiences (Attwood, 1998; Howlin, 1998). A conceptualizations of autism as described perceived link between an individual's diffi originally by Kanner in 1943 (Kanner, 1943; culty in coping with change and insistence on Wing & Gould, 1979). They proposed a maintenance of routines and levels of anxiety broader spectrum of conditions, hence autism has been of interest to wrilers and researchers spectrum, and coined the term triad of impair- in ^ fidd for many In ^ on - ,
A Robust Solution of the Spherical Burmester Problem

The problem of spherical four-bar linkage synthesis is revisited in this paper. The work is aimed at developing a robust synthesis method by taking into account both the formulation and the solution method. In addition, the synthesis of linkages with spherical prismatic joints is considered by treating them as a special case of the linkages under study. A two-step synthesis method is developed, which sequentially deals with equation-solving by a semigraphical approach and branching-detection. Examples are included to demonstrate the proposed method.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Data-Driven Decision Making: The Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Principals’ Practices

From the perspective of preparing school administrators, principals need to learn to use and believe infactual data when they make their administrative decisions. In alignment with the NCLB, the revisedStandards for Advanced Programs in Educational Leadership have more emphases placed on schooladministrators’ ability and knowledge in using data (Educational Leadership Constituent Council(ELCC), 2002; National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), 2002). TheELCC/NCATE (2002) standards serve as school leadership preparation program standards and canbe used as a cornerstone for the professional development of existing school administrators (Murphy &Shipman, 1998; Murphy, Yff, & Shipman, 2000). DDDM is integral to the key school administrators’skills in the six leadership standards of school vision, school instruction, school organization,collaborative partnerships, moral perspective, and larger-context politics.
How does land fragmentation affect off-farm labor supply: panel data evidence from China

This article provides a deeper theoretical understanding of the linkages between land fragmentation and off-farm labor supply in China, and investigates this relationship empirically in a more direct way than does the existing literature. Drawing upon a rural household panel data set collected in Zhejiang, Hubei, and Yunnan Provinces from 1995 to 2002, we estimate the effects in two steps. First, we estimate the effect of land fragmentation on labor productivity. Second, we estimate the effect of land fragmentation on off-farm labor supply. The production function results show that land fragmentation indeed leads to lower agricultural labor productivity, implying that land consolidation will make on-farm work more attractive and thus decrease off-farm labor supply. However, the effect of land consolidation on off-farm labor supply is not significant. One likely explanation for this result may be the potentially imperfect labor markets.
Mammals of Jordan

A total of 78 species of mammals belonging to seven orders (Insectivora, Chiroptera, Carni- vora, Hyracoidea, Artiodactyla, Lagomorpha and Rodentia) have been recorded from Jordan. Bats and rodents represent the highest diversity of recorded species. Notes on systematics and ecology for the re- corded species were given.
Feeding high inclusion of whole grain white lupin (Lupinus albus) to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Effects on growth, nutrient digestibility, liver and intestine histology and muscle fatty acid composition

The effect of dietary inclusion of whole grain white lupin (Lupinus albus) on growth performance, histology, muscle fatty acid composition and nutrient digestibility was investigated in an 11-week growth and a 4-week digestibility trial with rainbow trout (initial body weight of 54.0 ± 6.2 and 181.9 ± 3.4 g respectively). Four experimental extruded diets were formulated to contain 0%, 30%, 40% and 50% of whole grain lupin and fed to triplicate groups of fish twice a day until apparent satiation. Faeces were collected daily from each digestibility tank by decantation. No significant trends were observed with respect to growth, feed utilization, apparent digestibility coefficients or whole-body composition (P>0.05). Conversely, increasing levels of dietary lupin led to significant decreases in the Hepatosomatic index (R2=0.75, P<0.05) and slight lipid infiltration into hepatocytes and enterocytes. Muscle fatty acid compositions were slightly affected by the dietary treatment. Polynomial regression of dietary inclusion of lupin and muscle fatty acid concentrations showed an increase in C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 and a decrease in C20:5n-3 with increasing dietary lupin level. These results demonstrated that whole grain lupin can be included up to 50% in commercial rainbow trout diets without negative effects.
Leaf Beetle Communities (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Two Mixed Forest Ecosystems Dominated by Pine—Oak—Hawthorn in Isparta Province, Turkey

Chrysomelid beetles inhabiting the herb, shrub and tree layers of two mixed forest ecosystems dominated by pine-oak-hawthorn were studied during April–October in 2005 and 2006 in Isparta province, Turkey. The leaf beetles of both sites were investigated in terms of species composition, dominance structure and vegetation preference. Frequency values and host plants were also provided for some species. A total of 127 Chrysomelidae species belonging to ten subfamilies were collected. Species composition similarity between the herb and tree layers was 3% at both sites, while similarity between the shrub and tree layers was 25% at site I and 44% at site II. In terms of vegetation structure, the herb layers of the two sites shared 60% of their chrysomelid species, the shrub layers shared 44% and the tree layers shared 50%, a result also reflected in a PCA analysis. The herb layer was the most diverse vegetation stratum in terms of leaf beetle diversity, and it appears that vegetation cover is the main factor influencing leaf beetle species composition at both forest stands studied.
The Influence of Team Demographic Composition on Individual Helping Behavior

The aim of our laboratory study was to examine how the demographic composition (in terms of gender and culture) of work teams can influence levels of helping behavior demonstrated among group members. Participants included 216 university students from undergraduate business programs in two large North American universities (108 men, 108 women) who were randomly assigned to small groups for the purpose of engaging in business case discussions. Discussions were videotaped in order to observe helping behavior among individuals. Our findings indicated that the numerical minority member (measured in terms of gender or ethnicity) was less likely to engage in the helping activity. These findings suggest that the effects of numerical minority status are not confined to task-performance related behaviors like participation and emergent leadership, but also influence behaviors that involve how members relate to one and other, and whether they engage in helping behavior.
Record-low primary productivity and high plant damage in the Nordic Arctic Region in 2012 caused by multiple weather events and pest outbreaks

The release of cold temperature constraints on photosynthesis has led to increased productivity (greening) in significant parts (32–39%) of the Arctic, but much of the Arctic shows stable (57–64%) or reduced productivity (browning, <4%). Summer drought and wildfires are the best-documented drivers causing browning of continental areas, but factors dampening the greening effect of more maritime regions have remained elusive. Here we show how multiple anomalous weather events severely affected the terrestrial productivity during one water year (October 2011–September 2012) in a maritime region north of the Arctic Circle, the Nordic Arctic Region, and contributed to the lowest mean vegetation greenness (normalized difference vegetation index) recorded this century. Procedures for field data sampling were designed during or shortly after the events in order to assess both the variability in effects and the maximum effects of the stressors. Outbreaks of insect and fungal pests also contributed to low greenness. Vegetation greenness in 2012 was 6.8% lower than the 2000–11 average and 58% lower in the worst affected areas that were under multiple stressors. These results indicate the importance of events (some being mostly neglected in climate change effect studies and monitoring) for primary productivity in a high-latitude maritime region, and highlight the importance of monitoring plant damage in the field and including frequencies of stress events in models of carbon economy and ecosystem change in the Arctic. Fourteen weather events and anomalies and 32 hypothesized impacts on plant productivity are summarized as an aid for directing future research.
The Implementation of a Quality Management Standard in a Food SME: A Network Learning Perspective

In the modern agrifood economies, the development of quality management standards is crucial, and food small and medium enterprises (SMEs) usually face difficulties in implementing them. In this context, the aim of the article is two-fold. Firstly it is to craft an original analytical framework in line with the literature on innovation networks and related learning effects specifically devoted to the study of quality management standards implementation. Secondly the objective of the article is to apply this framework to a specific food SME case in order to test it and to identify the key network learning effects that occur during the implementation of a quality management standard, namely the ISO 22000 standard for food safety. From this research, the practical output will be to propose tools to enhance food SMEs’ innovative capacity, through an improvement of their insertion in active formal and/or informal innovation networks. These specific tools will be especially targeted towards the strengthening of learning processes between the SME and the partners involved in the implementation.
Performance of closely held firms in Russia: evidence from firm-level data*

This paper evaluates the impact of ownership concentration on firm performance in a weak institutional environment. Specifically, using new survey evidence, we seek to appraise quantitatively the performance of block-holder-controlled firms in Russia and to identify, within the domain of corporate governance theory, factors that may explain such performance. We find evidence of negative association between the size of the dominant owners’ shareholding and performance parameters such as investment, capacity utilization, and profitability. At the same time, we establish that control structures with multiple, large shareholders increase efficiency. The ambiguity of the effects of ownership concentration suggests that country-specific factors play an important role.
Spectral synthesis and the Pompeiu problem

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Clinico-epidemiological study of childhood lichen planus at a tertiary care centre in South India

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Lichen planus (LP) is an autoimmune disorder occurring infrequently in children. LP is mainly seen in adults of both sexes. There are only a few studies on childhood LP in South India. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 52 children under 14 years of age with LP were evaluated. The study was done in the Dermatology outpatient department from April 2016 to March 2018. The various clinical and epidemiological features observed are recorded in the study. <strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> LP was slightly more common in boys and the age group mainly affected was 5-9years. Classical LP was the most common clinical type and extremities were the main site of skin lesions. Erosive lesions on buccal mucosa were the commonest type of mucosal involvement. Koebners phenomenon was seen in a significant number of cases. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> LP is not rare in children and resembles adult LP in most aspects. Mucosal and nail involvement is seen in many cases. Knowledge about the various clinical patterns of LP will help in early diagnosis and proper treatment. </p>