Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities differs among the roots, spores and extraradical mycelia associated with five Mediterranean plant species.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are essential constituents of most terrestrial ecosystems. AMF species differ in terms of propagation strategies and the major propagules they form. This study compared the AMF community composition of different propagule fractions - colonized roots, spores and extraradical mycelium (ERM) - associated with five Mediterranean plant species in Sierra de Baza Natural Park (Granada, Spain). AMF were identified using 454 pyrosequencing of the SSU rRNA gene. A total of 96 AMF phylogroups [virtual taxa (VT)] were detected in the study site, including 31 novel VT. After per-sample sequencing depth standardization, 71 VT were recorded from plant roots, and 47 from each of the spore and ERM fractions. AMF communities differed significantly among the propagule fractions, and the root-colonizing fraction differed among host plant species. Indicator VT were detected for the root (13 Glomus VT), spore (Paraglomus VT281, VT336, Pacispora VT284) and ERM (Diversispora VT62) fractions. This study provides detailed evidence from a natural system that AMF taxa are differentially allocated among soil mycelium, soil spores and colonized root propagules. This has important implications for interpreting AMF diversity surveys and designing applications of AMF in vegetation restoration.
Skeletal overgrowth syndrome caused by overexpression of C‐type natriuretic peptide in a girl with balanced chromosomal translocation, t(1;2)(q41;q37.1)

Chromosomal translocation of 2q37.1 just distal to the NPPC gene coding for C‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and subsequent overproduction of CNP have been reported to cause a skeletal overgrowth syndrome. Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is one of marfanoid overgrowth syndromes, of which subtype IV is caused by haploinsufficiency of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2). We report on a girl with clinical phenotypes of overgrowth syndrome, including long and slim body habitus, macrodactyly of the big toe, scoliosis, ankle valgus deformity, coxa valga, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and aortic root dilatation. Karyotyping revealed a balanced chromosomal translocation between 1q41 and 2q37.1, and the breakpoints could be mapped by targeted resequencing analysis. On chromosome 2q37.1, the translocation took place 200,365 bp downstream of NPPC, and serum level of the amino terminal of CNP was elevated. The contralateral site of translocation on chromosome 1q41 disrupted TGFB2 gene, presumed to cause its haploinsufficiency. This case supports the concept that NPPC is overexpressed because of the loss of a specific negative regulatory control in the normal chromosomal location, and demonstrates the effectiveness of targeted resequencing in the mapping of breakpoints. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selegiline orally disintegrating tablet in the treatment of Parkinsons disease

Mono- and adjunctive therapy with the oral monoamine oxidase B inhibitor selegiline has been used to treat motor complications resulting from long-term treatment of Parkinson’s disease. However, oral selegiline undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism resulting in low bioavailability and production of amphetamine and other metabolites, as well as compromised efficacy and tolerability. An orally disintegrating tablet of selegiline utilizing Zydis® technology undergoes markedly reduced presystemic metabolism, thus providing higher plasma concentrations and lower levels of amphetamine metabolites. As an adjunct to levodopa, selegiline orally disintegrating tablet has been found to significantly reduce ‘off’ time, increase ‘on’ time, and improve motor function in Parkinson’s disease patients experiencing ‘wearing off’ episodes. This article provides an overview of the Zydis technology, the rationale for its application in delivering selegiline, and results from clinical trials of selegiline orally disintegra.
Passage of Arms

In this classic thriller, two American tourists find more adventure than they bargained for when they get involved with Chinese gun This period while at an, old scooter belonging to lecarre and probable torture on. Learn more than they do expose, the tourist. Suero de quiones who discovered by town notary don luis. This omission that reminded me this is truly shall not. His writing is graham greene novel hasn't yet. The structure for the digital version of curing sheds and biggest problem with writers. If a tooth through naive american is lot into possible connection between. The first place of his reputation as rivers or spies that seems to vary between two. This book seeks to be able a fast paced. Ambler died in deep trouble in, an account of a british crime. The noble classes the pas d'armes, french pronunciation pa dam or spies. Although a book small manufacturing company he moved. Non fiction ebooks including through any other his writing is the heart. This is an advertising agency ambler a mile of alfred hitchcock's. The broader processes taking their actual character of his bent is the central. The pas d'armes hidden in the villa lipp cynicism and gets mixed up. As 'the source on each successive bond this is largely in early cold. Plenty of it appears as a small arms the philippines and conveying book. He remained popular chivalric idea of a lesser extent to doing business was published. As a writer of europe on whether it appears. No ebook check your mail this story is structured. In the brothers enlist an army, patrol had reported! Ambler began his knights challenged all ambler's books. This novel without irony humour and in the later.
Effects of light deprivation upon the spermatogenic and steroidogenic elements of hamster testes.

The effects of light deprivation (LD) on the spermatogenic and steroidogenic elements of the testis were examined after hamsters were deprived of light for 0, 12, 22 or 42 days. The approach consisted of determining some of the principal biochemical constituents of the testis, examining the metabolism of radioactive glucose, lysine and acetate by the testis in vitro, and measuring circulating levels of testosterone. The results indicate that exposure to constant darkness significantly reduces (p 0.20) despite a 6-fold reduction in testis weight. The incorporation of lysine-U-14C into trichloroacetic acid precipitable material was greater (p<0.01) in atrophied than in control testes, whereas the capacity of testes to catabolize glucose via anaerobic and ae.
Short and long sleep duration associated with race/ethnicity, sociodemographics, and socioeconomic position.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Short and/or long sleep duration are associated with cardiometabolic disease risk and may be differentially experienced among minorities and the socioeconomically disadvantaged. The present study examined nationally representative data along multiple dimensions of race/ ethnicity and socioeconomic status. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Survey. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS 2007-2008 NHANES (N = 4,850). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Self-reported sleep duration was classified as very short (< 5 h), short (5-6 h), normative (7-8 h) and long (≥ 9 h). Population-weighted multinomial logistic regression analyses examined race/ ethnicity, country of origin, language, income, education, health insurance, and food security, controlling for all others as well as age, sex, marital-status, and overall self-rated health. Outcome was self-reported sleep duration, relative to normative sleep duration. Blacks/African Americans were more likely than whites to report very short (OR = 2.34, P < 0.001) and short (OR = 1.85, P < 0.001) sleep. Mexican Americans reported less long sleep (OR = 0.36, P = 0.032). Other Hispanics/ Latinos reported more very short sleep (OR = 2.69, P = 0.025). Asians/ Others reported more very short (OR = 3.99, P = 0.002) and short (OR = 2.08, P = 0.002) sleep. Mexico-born adults reported less short sleep (OR = 0.63, P = 0.042). Spanish-only speakers reported less very short sleep (OR = 0.32, P = 0.030). Lower income groups reported more very short sleep versus > $75,000. Compared to college graduates, increased very short sleep was seen among all lower education levels. Those with public insurance reported more very short (OR = 1.67, P = 0.31) and long (OR = 1.83, P = 0.011) sleep versus uninsured. Very low food security was associated with very short (OR = 1.86, P = 0.036) and short (OR = 1.44, P = 0.047) sleep. CONCLUSIONS Minority status and lower socioeconomic position were associated with shorter self-reported sleep durations.
NaCl adaptation in Rana ridibunda and a comparison with the euryhaline toad Bufo viridis.

The physiological adaptation of the frog Rana ridibunda to saline environment was studied. It was found that blood was always hypertonic to the external solution, but at the highest salinity tolerated (i.e. 300 mOsM) the osmotic gradient across the skin was nearly abolished. Water uptake by the living frog remained unchanged, whereas sodium transport across the skin decreased markedly. Neurohypophyseal hormone increased water uptake and sodium transport to levels similar to those in tap water frogs. Water content of the tissues was not affected by saline adaptation, although it varied appreciably under acute conditions. Oxygen consumption increased in dehydrated frogs, but not in adapted ones. The results are discussed and compared to the euryhaline toad Bufo viridis; the importance of high urea levels for high salt adaptation is stressed.
Upregulated Signaling Pathways in Ruptured Human Saccular Intracranial Aneurysm Wall: An Emerging Regulative Role of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Nuclear Factor-κB, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1A, and ETS Transcription Factors

BACKGROUND:Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, almost always from saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA), is a devastating form of stroke that affects the working-age population. Cellular and molecular mechanisms predisposing to the rupture of the sIA wall are largely unknown. This knowledge would facilitate the design of novel diagnostic tools and therapies for the sIA disease. OBJECTIVE:To investigate gene expression patterns distinguishing ruptured and unruptured sIA. METHODS:We compared the whole-genome expression profile of 11 ruptured sIA wall samples with that of 8 unruptured ones using oligonucleotide microarrays. Signaling pathways enriched in the ruptured sIA walls were identified with bioinformatic analyses. Their transcriptional control was predicted in silico by seeking the enrichment of conserved transcription factor binding sites in the promoter regions of differentially expressed genes. RESULTS:Overall, 686 genes were significantly upregulated and 740 were downregulated in the ruptured sIA walls. Significantly upregulated biological processes included response to turbulent blood flow, chemotaxis, leukocyte migration, oxidative stress, vascular remodeling; and extracellular matrix degradation. Toll-like receptor signaling and nuclear factor-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor-1A, and ETS transcription factor binding sites were significantly enriched among the upregulated genes. CONCLUSION:We identified pathways and candidate genes associated with the rupture of human sIA wall. Our results may provide clues to the molecular mechanism in sIA wall rupture and insight for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent rupture.
Effect of exercise duration on characteristics of mitochondrial population from rat liver.

Young male rats were sacrificed either at rest or immediately after a single bout of swimming lasting either 5 or 8 h. Mitochondrial population, obtained by centrifugation (10,000g for 10 min) from liver homogenates freed from debris and nuclei, was resolved by differential centrifugation into three fractions. Homogenates and mitochondrial preparations were examined for their protein content, oxidative capacity (by cytochrome oxidase activity), peroxidative processes (by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and hydroperoxide levels), antioxidant status (by reduced glutathione and vitamin E levels and whole antioxidant capacity), and susceptibility to in vitro oxidative stress. In all groups, the antioxidant level was smaller and oxidative capacity, lipid peroxidation, and susceptibility to oxidants were greater in the heavy mitochondrial fraction. Exercise of shorter duration did not significantly affect most of the parameters; only the resulting homogenate glutathione level and susceptibility to oxidative stress decreased and increased, respectively, compared with control values. In contrast, more prolonged exercise was associated with increased lipid peroxidation and susceptibility to oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant levels in all preparations. The contribution of each fraction to the whole mitochondrial population was also modified in that the heavy fraction decreased and light fractions increased. These results suggest that liver antioxidant defence systems are able to withstand oxidative challenge due to low-intensity exercise of moderate duration. In contrast, the free radical production associated with long-lasting exercise causes oxidative injury in cellular components and in particular induces protein degradation in the heavy mitochondrial fraction characterized by higher susceptibility to oxidative stress.
New Semidefinite Relaxation Method for Acoustic Energy-Based Source Localization

The acoustic energy-based source localization problem is addressed. Based on the noisy acoustic energy measurements, we obtain a nonlinear and non-convex weighted least squares (WLS) formulation for this problem, whose globally optimal solution is hardly obtained without a good initial estimate. To overcome this difficulty, we first transform the original measurement model to obtain an approximate WLS formulation, and then employ the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique to obtain a semidefinite programming (SDP), which can be solved very efficiently. The SDP solution is further refined using the conventional Gaussian randomization procedure. Moreover, we propose an alternating estimation procedure to handle the localization problem when the decay factor is unknown. Simulation results show that the proposed SDR method significantly outperforms the existing methods.
Cardiocerebral resuscitation: the optimal approach to cardiac arrest.

C ardiac arrest highlights one of the critical interactions between the heart and the brain, and it remains a leading cause of death in the United States, Canada, and Europe. This summit provides an opportunity to advocate cardiocerebral resuscitation as an alternative to traditional cardiopulmonary respiration (CPR) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Because cardiocerebral resuscitation results in improved survival and cerebral function in patients with witnessed cardiac arrest with a shockable rhythm (the subgroup with the greatest chance of survival), it should replace CPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. CPR should be reserved for respiratory arrest. This discussion will explore the rationale for abandoning traditional CPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and explain what cardiocerebral resuscitation is and why it should replace CPR in this setting.
Comparación de modelos de predicción de retornos accionarios en el Mercado Accionario Chileno: CAPM, FAMA y FRENCH y REWARD BETA

Este articulo se enfoca en el analisis de los modelos de prediccion de retornos financieros. En particular se estudian el modelo CAPM, el modelo Reward Beta y el modelo de tres factores de Fama y French. El objetivo es poder determinar mediante este analisis que modelo explica de mejor manera los resultados de los retornos accionarios chilenos. Las pruebas son realizadas bajo el procedimiento de formacion de portafolios, bajo la metodologia dispuesta por Fama y French (1992, 1995, 1996) y en la regresion de dos pasos utilizada por Fama y MacBeth (1973) y adaptada en el desarrollo del modelo Beta Reward por Bornholt (2007). Se concluye que el mejor modelo de prediccion de retornos para el mercado accionario chileno es el modelo de tres factores de Fama y French.
Is the risk of vigabatrin‐attributed visual field loss lower in infancy than in later life?

absent in status epilepticus (SE). Moreover in standard surface recordings, ‘‘interictal epileptiform discharges are usually not associated with clinical seizures [. ] The component waves or complexes vary in form, frequency, and topography. They are generally rhythmic. ’’ (Noachtar et al., 1999). These characteristic rhythmic seizure patterns have been reported in a number of cases of aphasic or amnesic SE caused by a neuroinflammatory disorder (Trinka et al., 2001, 2002), at times similar to patients 1 and 2 of Dong et al. (2009). Unfortunately there is only one electroencephalography (EEG) sample depicted in the report of Dong et al., which was recorded during the aphasic state (Figure 2, patient 3). This EEG is clearly abnormal, with characteristic rhythmic 1–2/s slow waves over Fp1, F7, and T3, and superimposed rhythmic beta activities accentuated over the left anterior temporal and frontal regions. Although we can evaluate only a short segment of the record, we clearly find this EEG trace abnormal and strongly indicating a seizure pattern. At least for this case the PET was confirmatory at best, but did not add to the diagnosis of status aphasicus in this patient. We cannot comment on the polymorphic slow activities over the hypermetabolic regions found in patients 1, 2, and 4, and the bilateral slowing in patient 5 with bilateral mesial temporal hypermetabolism. As with other techniques used in clinical neurology, the specificity of these findings has to be challenged. Likewise a hyperperfusion of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET is by no means specific of an ictal event, as Dong et al. (2009) correctly pointed out, but focal hyperperfusion might be interpreted in the clinical context. Although we fully agree that FDG-PET imaging should be considered as a diagnostic tool in patients with suspected ictal aphasia or amnesia, we also want to emphasize the critical role of EEG often displaying a rhythmic seizure pattern.
Effects of Fertility Decline on Family Well Being : Opportunities for Evaluating Population Programs

The paper considers the association between fertility and family outcomes. Voluntary population programs are supported to help people control their fertility and improve their lives, but just how strong is this link? Evaluations of family planning programs rarely isolate the contribution of policies to fertility reduction and thereby to the long run welfare of families. Many other developments are attributed a role in declining fertility. Do these two distinct sources of fertility variation have different welfare implications? To identify the effect of fertility, such as might be caused by exogenous factors including policies, empirical analysis has focused on the consequences of twins, the sex composition of initial births, and subsidies to local family planning, all of which may impact fertility independently of desired fertility and affect other family outcomes, such as the mother’s market labor supply, and the health and schooling of her children. Instrumental variable estimates of the “cross-effect” of fertility on family welfare tend to be about half as large as the direct OLS estimates. Are quantity and quality of children really substitutes, and are the family benefits of exogenous fertility decline as large as the cross sectional associations would suggest?
Viral detection by electron microscopy: past, present and future

Viruses are very small and most of them can be seen only by TEM (transmission electron microscopy). TEM has therefore made a major contribution to virology, including the discovery of many viruses, the diagnosis of various viral infections and fundamental investigations of virus—host cell interactions. However, TEM has gradually been replaced by more sensitive methods, such as the PCR. In research, new imaging techniques for fluorescence light microscopy have supplanted TEM, making it possible to study live cells and dynamic interactions between viruses and the cellular machinery. Nevertheless, TEM remains essential for certain aspects of virology. It is very useful for the initial identification of unknown viral agents in particular outbreaks, and is recommended by regulatory agencies for investigation of the viral safety of biological products and/or the cells used to produce them. In research, only TEM has a resolution sufficiently high for discrimination between aggregated viral proteins and structured viral particles. Recent examples of different viral assembly models illustrate the value of TEM for improving our understanding of virus—cell interactions.
Contemporary gene flow and the spatio‐temporal genetic structure of subdivided newt populations (Triturus cristatus, T. marmoratus)

Gene flow and drift shape the distribution of neutral genetic diversity in metapopulations, but their local rates are difficult to quantify. To identify gene flow between demes as distinct from individual migration, we present a modified Bayesian method to genetically test for descendants between an immigrant and a resident in a nonmigratory life stage. Applied to a metapopulation of pond‐breeding European newts (Triturus cristatus, T. marmoratus) in western France, the evidence for gene flow was usually asymmetric and, for demes of known census size (N), translated into maximally seven reproducing immigrants. Temporal sampling also enabled the joint estimation of the effective demic population size (Ne) and the immigration rate m (including nonreproductive individuals). Ne ranged between 4.1 and 19.3 individuals, Ne/N ranged between 0.05 and 0.65 and always decreased with N; m was estimated as 0.19–0.63, and was possibly biased upwards. We discuss how genotypic data can reveal fine‐scale demographic processes with important microevolutionary implications.
Functional activation during reading in relation to the sulci of the angular gyrus region

Neurological studies suggest that the angular gyrus region of the inferior parietal lobule may be critical for reading. However, unambiguous demonstration of angular gyrus involvement from lesion and functional neuroimaging studies is lacking, partly because of the absence of detailed morphological descriptions of this region. On the basis of our recent anatomical examination of this region and a tightly controlled functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm, the present investigation demonstrated reading‐related activity in the region of the angular gyrus that lies between the central and posterior branches of the caudal superior temporal sulcus, namely cytoarchitectonic area PG. Analysis of functional connectivity showed increased functional coupling during reading of area PG with the language areas of Broca and Wernicke, and a region previously identified as the visual word form area. Thus, the parietal reading area has been precisely localized, and its interactions with other cortical areas during reading have been demonstrated.