Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of latent carcinoma of the prostate in the Japanese based on necropsy material.

Carcinoma of the prostate was recognized already in 1817 by Langstaff, but the first definite description should be attributed to Thompson, who collected 18 cases of prostatic cancer in his textbook published in 1857. In the nineteenth century, prostatic carcinoma was thought to be a very rare disease, but in 1900, Albarran and Halle3) stated that they could find "epithelioma adenoide" in 14% of cases after histological examination of 100 surgical specimens of benign prostatic enlargement, and considered it as an in termediate form between ordinary senile hypertrophy and true prostatic carcinoma. In 1926, Neller and Neubiirger13) examined 40 prostates of autopsy cases histologically, and found "atypische Epithelwucherung" in 7 cases, all of which showed various stages of transition to "echte metastasierende Karzinome", and concluded that these changes must be considered as "beginnende Karzinome" from the histological point of view. Since then, many authors have reported similar observations of surgical specimens or of autopsy cases. The principal results of them are summarized in Table I. As indicated in Table I, these reporters coincide in the fact that even if there is no clinical sign of prostatic carcinoma, malignant foci can often be detected if examined histologically, and the incidence reaches up to 20% or more over the age of 50. At present, these opinions have gained general ac ceptance. These malignant foci have been called by various names, such as "atypische Epithelwucherung", "beginnende Karzinome" (Neller u. Neuburger)43), "histologische Karzinome" (Stehr)51) , "small carcinoma" (Moore)38), "localized carcinoma" (Kahler)32), "occult carcinoma" (Rich) '41) "latent carcinoma" (Andrews)", etc. Presently it is usually called by the name of latent carcinoma. In our country, similar observations have been reported by Yotsuyanagi,55)
Iung cancer associated with usual interstitial pneumonia

There were 83 cases of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in 3712 consecutive autopsy cases during 1972 to 1992 in Toranomon Hospital. Primary lung cancer had arisen in 40 cases of UIP in that period. The prevalence of lung cancer (48.2%) in UIP was significantly higher than that of lung cancers (9.1%) in the age‐matched general population without UIP (P < 0.001). The prevalence of association of multiple lung cancer in UIP (20.W0) was also significantly increased. Thus, UIP showed a remarkable potency to develop lung cancers. The lung cancer cases in UIP had obvious smoking habits. Both the rates of smokers and the quantity of smoking were significantly increased in the lung cancer cases in UIP (P < 0.05). There was a distinct anatomical distribution of lung cancer in UIP. Most cancers in UIP (98%) arose in the peripheral area of the lung (P < 0.001, compared to lung cancer cases without UIP) with close relation to the honeycombing lesion. Studies on surgical specimens with small cancers showed that most tumors in UIP arose in the border area between honeycombing and the non‐fibrotic area. Thus, the front of the remodeling of the lung is suspected to be a potential field of developing lung cancer. The chronic inflammatory process resulting in the remodeling of the lung may play an important part in the development of lung cancer in UIP under the circumstance of heavy smoking.
Small world properties changes in mild traumatic brain injury

To investigate local and global efficiency changes characterized by small‐world properties based on resting‐state functional MRI, such as centrality and clustering coefficient, in mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) patients; and to associate these findings with axonal injury as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as well as with post‐concussive symptom (PCS).
Studies on the reactions of hydrogen peroxide with Sickle cell haemoglobin

The reaction between hydrogen peroxide and myoglobin (or haemoglobin) ferric haem is a two -electron redox process, yet the stable final product is ferrylhaem, retaining only one oxidizing equivalent. The ferrylhaem produced from the reaction enhances oxidation-related toxicity associated with inflammation, ischemia and hemolytic disorders. The aim of this study was to compare sickle cell and normal adult haemoglobin reactions with H2O2 to elucidate the possible role of such reactions in the pathology of sickle cell anaemia. This studied was carried out using UV-visible spectroscopy and HPLC. The UV-visible spectroscopy investigations show that the reactivity of ferric HbS with hydrogen peroxide show s identical and almost indistinguishable pattern to that of normal adult ferric HbA. The HPLC chromatographic pattern of hydrogen peroxide induced haem-protein cross link in sickle cell haemoglobin (HbS) is identical to that of normal adult haemoglobin (HbA). This probably underlines the fact no significant instability exist in the relationship between the sickle cell Hb haem pocket and its globin as a result of the mutation.
A Descriptive Study of Morbidity and Mortality Conferences and Their Conformity to Medical Incident Analysis Models: Results of the Morbidity and Mortality Conference Improvement Study, Phase 1

The purpose of this article is to study morbidity and mortality conferences and their conformity to medical incident analysis models. Structured interviews with morbidity and mortality conference leaders of 12 (75%) clinical departments at Johns Hopkins Hospital were conducted. Reported morbidity and mortality conference goals included medical management (75%), teaching (58%), and patient safety and quality improvement (42%). Methods for case identification, selection, presentation, and analysis varied among departments. Morbidity and mortality conferences were attended mostly by physicians from the respective departments. One (8%) department had a standard approach for eliciting input from all providers on the case, another (8%) used a structured tool to explore underlying system factors, and 7 (58%) departments had a plan for assigning follow-up on recommendations. There is wide variation in how morbidity and mortality conferences are conducted across departments and little conformity to known models for analyzing medical incidents. Models for best practices in conducting morbidity and mortality conferences are needed. (Am J Med Qual 2007; 22:232-238)
Dysregulation of gene expression in a patient with depressive disorder after transient ischemic attack confirmed by a neurophysiological

The aim of this study was to evaluate dysregulation of gene expression associated with the cellular stress response in a patient with a post-“warning stroke” depressive disorder confirmed by 2 M. Trystuła et al. Genetics and Molecular Research 16 (1): gmr16019532 the presence of a neurophysiological neuromarker through the use of quantitative EEG and event-related potentials. The patient was tested for seven genes associated with the stress reaction: HSPA1A, HSPB1, IL6, IL10, CRP, and HSF-1 along with NF-κB, compared to gene expression in health controls. A 54-year-old patient with a past history of schizophrenia (at the age of 20), and of transient ischemic attack (at the age of 53) and depressive disorder confirmed by functional, cognitive, emotional, and affectional diagnostics underwent additional testing for expression of the genes associated with stress response. The expression of genes coding for heat shock protein (HSPA1A, HSPB1), interleukins (IL6, IL10), and C-reactive protein was tested along with factors that regulate their expression. The results of the tests conducted on this patient were compared with 42 healthy control subjects. Diagnostic testing revealed upregulation in expression of these genes, presenting as increased expression of the target genes and of the regulatory genes. A post-“warning stroke” depressive disorder appears to be associated with overexpression of the genes coding for HSP and interleukins. Further research on larger groups of people may provide grounds for treatment modification.
Weblogs, traditional sources online and political participation: an assessment of how the internet is changing the political environment

Research has shown consistently that news consumption both online and offline is related positively to interpersonal discussion, political involvement and political engagement. However, little consideration has been given to the role that new sources of information may exert on different forms of political engagement. Based on secondary analysis of data collected by the Pew Internet & American Life Project, this article contrasts the influence of traditional sources of information online with that of emergent sources (blogs) in predicting further political discussion, campaigning and participation in both the online and the offline domains. The results show that the use of traditional sources online is related positively to different types of political engagement, both online and offline. Most interestingly, the article finds that blog use emerges as an equally important predictor of political engagement in the online domain. Its analyses provide support for the contention that asserts the democratic potential of the internet.
Pursuing glacier retreat: genetic structure of a rapidly expanding Larix decidua population

One of the greatest threats to the long‐term viability of migrating plant species is the loss of genetic diversity due to founder effects. Populations can expand as a response to climate change, but it is uncertain if long‐lived plant species can maintain sufficient genetic diversity at the leading edge of migrating populations. This study uses an expanding Larix decidua population investigated along a chronosequence at landscape (350 ha) and local (0.8 ha) scales to test whether accelerated migration as a result of climate warming has the potential to intensify genetic erosion. Nine SSR markers revealed similar genetic diversity among eight sub‐populations along the chronosequence (overall He = 0.73; SE = 0.04). Sub‐populations were not genetically differentiated and all sampled individuals (N = 730) formed one major genetic cluster indicating homogenizing gene flow despite spatial genetic structure (SGS) up to 80 m. At the local scale, individuals at the leading edge [early successional sub‐population (ESSP), N = 140] and a sub‐population at equilibrium [late successional sub‐population (LSSP), N = 290] revealed high genetic diversity in largest‐sized cohorts. SGS among juveniles occurred up to 30 m in LSSP but there was no structure in ESSP. Accordingly, a maximum likelihood paternity assignment revealed local gene dispersal in LSSP (2–48 m) and intermediate‐to‐long distance dispersal into ESSP (115–3132 m). The findings indicate intensive mixing of the genes in this expanding population instead of founder effects and support the view that genetic diversity can be maintained in a long‐lived species during rapid population expansion driven by climate warming.
Majorana zero modes in one-dimensional quantum wires without long-ranged superconducting order

We show that long-ranged superconducting order is not necessary to guarantee the existence of Majorana fermion zero modes at the ends of a quantum wire. We formulate a concrete model, which applies, for instance, to a semiconducting quantum wire with strong spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting coupled to a wire with algebraically decaying superconducting fluctuations. We solve this model by bosonization and show that it supports Majorana fermion zero modes. We show that electron backscattering in the superconducting wire, which is caused by potential variations at the Fermi wave vector, generates quantum phase slips that cause a splitting of the topological degeneracy, which decays as a power law of the length of the superconducting wire. The power is proportional to the number of channels in the superconducting wire. Other perturbations give contributions to the splitting that decay exponentially with the length of either the superconducting or semiconducting wires. We argue that our results are generic and apply to a large class of models. We discuss the implications for experiments on spin-orbit coupled nanowires coated with superconducting film and for LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces.
Magic peptides, magic antibodies: Guidelines for appropriate controls for immunohistochemistry

Since the earliest days of immunohistochemistry, the field has been troubled by the tendency for these methods to give spurious results. There are a number of reasons why various antibody preparations may provide variable and even erroneous results, and a series of steps one can take to control for this. Unfortunately, these are not as widely known as we feel they should be, even as we enter the fourth decade in which these methods have been widely available to neuroanatomists. Hence, we provide this editorial to help guide aspiring authors through the rocky shoals of immunolocalization in the nervous system.
Optimizing Gait Parameters and Insole Sensor Positioning for Parkinson's Disease Assessment

Gait abnormality is a characteristic symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) and could be exploited to assess PD progression. In this study, we examined various gait parameters and insole sensor positioning for evaluating PD. We first verified the results from several published papers in which gait parameters exhibited significant differences between PD patients and healthy controls. Then, we investigated additional gait parameters derived from individual sensors in 8 positions across the sole. The result demonstrated that the balls, heels, and center of arches are valuable positions for PD gait assessment. Furthermore, a random forests method showed the most important gait parameters to predict PD include swing time on the balls and medial arches, double support time on the balls and medial arches, and ground reaction forces on the heels. The optimization of sensor positioning and gait parameters suggests a low-cost and effective way identify Parkinsonian gait characteristics.
Improving Definite Anaphora Resolution by Effective Weight Learning and Web-Based Knowledge Acquisition

In this paper, effective Chinese definite anaphora resolution is addressed by using feature weight learning and Web-based knowledge acquisition. The presented salience measurement is based on entropy-based weighting on selecting antecedent candidates. The knowledge acquisition model is aimed to extract more semantic features, such as gender, number, and semantic compatibility by employing multiple resources and Web mining. The resolution is justified with a real corpus and compared with a classification-based model. Experimental results show that our approach yields 72.5% success rate on 426 anaphoric instances. In comparison with a general classification-based approach, the performance is improved by 4.7%.
Upregulations of Gata4 and oxytocin receptor are important in cardiomyocyte differentiation processes of P19CL6 cells

Oxytocin induces P19 cells to differentiate into cardiomyocytes possibly through the oxytocin/oxytocin receptor system. We added oxytocin to the growth medium of P19CL6, a subline of P19, but they did not differentiate into cardiomyocytes as indicated by RT‐PCR and Western blotting results. During the cardiac commitment time of P19CL6 cells, the mRNA expression levels of the oxytocin receptor were upregulated by the addition of oxytocin as well as DMSO, but an upregulation of Gata4 expression levels was only observed for the cells induced by DMSO. The in silico analysis of the upstream sequence of the oxytocin receptor predicted putative binding sites for Gata4 and Nkx2.5. These results suggest that upregulations of the oxytocin receptor and Gata4 are important for cardiomyocyte differentiation processes. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 629–641, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Influence of Initial Horizontal Weight Placement on the Loads at the Lumbar Spine While Lifting

Study Design This was a biomechanical study of the effect of the initial horizontal distance between a person lifting and the load. Experimental data were analyzed using a dynamic rigid link model. Objective To determine the effect of the initial horizontal load placement on the moments acting on the lumbar spine and the lower extremity joints during lifting, and to determine the role of the lower extremities during lifting from the floor. Summary of Background Data Epidemiologic studies have implicated lifting as a cause of back pain, and over 80% of all worker's compensation back injuries are considered to be caused by manual material handling. Guidelines have been proposed to increase the safety of lifting, but they are primarily based on static biomechanical analyses, psychophysical data, and physiologic limitations. Methods Each of 12 male subjects lifted a weight box containing 0 to 300 N, in 100-N increments. Each subject performed 20 lifts—four weights at five horizontal distances (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 cm). Motion was measured with an optoelectronic system, ground reaction forces were measured with a force plate, and moments were calculated using a rigid link model. Results The peak predicted L5-S1 moment increased as the weight and horizontal distance increased. The influence of horizontal distance on moment magnitude was nonlinear. As the distance changed from 20 to 40 cm, the distance-related rate of increase was approximately one-half of that occurring with a distance change from 40 to 60 cm. This can be explained by the need to reach out further, beyond 40 cm, which is accomplished by a deeper flexion of the knees and ankles and an anterior translation of the upper body and arms. Conclusion As the horizontal distance at the start of a lift increased, the peak moment acting on the lumbar spine also increased, but the increase was nonlinear. This is explained by a change in the technique of lifting when the distance is 40 cm or greater.
Localization and regulation of endothelial NO synthase mRNA expression in rat kidney.

Nitric oxide (NO) has effects on renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, renin secretion, and renal sodium excretion. Four isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) have been cloned to date. However, the molecular identity of NOS present in the renal vasculature is unknown. Endothelial NOS (NOS-III) is regulated both acutely by cell calcium and chronically by shear stress. To determine if renal blood vessels and the glomerulus express NOS-III mRNA, we used degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to clone a portion of rat NOS-III. We then assayed NOS-III mRNA in microdissected renal structures by reverse transcriptase-PCR. NOS-III mRNA was expressed at high levels in glomeruli, arcuate vessels, and interlobular artery/afferent arterioles. NOS-III mRNA was detected inconsistently in proximal tubules, thick ascending limbs, and cortical and inner medullary collecting ducts. Previous studies have shown that chronic oral treatment with the NOS inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) decreases NO synthesis and causes hypertension. To determine if the systemic blockade occurs only by competitive inhibition, we determined the effect of L-NAME on glomerular NOS-III mRNA. L-NAME administration (5 days) decreased NOS-III mRNA in the glomerulus to 25 +/- 12% of control levels. We conclude that endothelial NOS-III mRNA is preferentially expressed in the glomerulus and renal vasculature, where it can modulate renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, glomerular NOS-III may be modulated at the level of mRNA abundance in vivo by systemic L-NAME. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Good soldiers and good actors: prosocial and impression management motives as interactive predictors of affiliative citizenship behaviors.

Researchers have discovered inconsistent relationships between prosocial motives and citizenship behaviors. We draw on impression management theory to propose that impression management motives strengthen the association between prosocial motives and affiliative citizenship by encouraging employees to express citizenship in ways that both "do good" and "look good. " We report 2 studies that examine the interactions of prosocial and impression management motives as predictors of affiliative citizenship using multisource data from 2 different field samples. Across the 2 studies, we find positive interactions between prosocial and impression management motives as predictors of affiliative citizenship behaviors directed toward other people (helping and courtesy) and the organization (initiative). Study 2 also shows that only prosocial motives predict voice-a challenging citizenship behavior. Our results suggest that employees who are both good soldiers and good actors are most likely to emerge as good citizens in promoting the status quo.
[Prevalence of sleep disorders in an employed Swiss population: results of a questionnaire survey].

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to demonstrate the variety of sleep disorders occurring in a working population in Switzerland and to estimate the prevalence of the main sleep disorders in this Swiss cohort. We also intended to demonstrate that with just a few systematic questions a straightforward diagnostic workup is possible in general practice. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to all 1473 clerks of the Berne main post office. The questions allowed a choice between "yes" or "no", or often (= +3), occasionally (= +2), rarely (= +) and never (= 0). Daytime sleepiness was assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS 668 questionnaires (45%) were available for analysis. Daytime sleepiness, assessed by an Epworth score > or = 10, was found in 13% of the respondents. Short sleep (< 7 h sleep) was reported in 47%, and long sleep (> 9 h sleep) in 5% of this population. Specific questions clearly suggested obstructive sleep apnoea in 6%, restless-legs syndrome in 4%, disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep in 19% and narcolepsy in 0.5% of respondents. CONCLUSION Chronic sleep insufficiency and sleep complaints appear to be frequent in this relatively young Swiss working population. The questionnaire-based estimated prevalence of the main sleep disorders is comparable to previously published international data.
One session of whole body vibration increases voluntary muscle strength transiently in patients with stroke

Objective: To determine the effect of whole body vibration on isometric and eccentric torque and electromyography (EMG) variables of knee extensors on the affected side of stroke patients. Design: A randomized controlled study. Setting: A rehabilitation centre. Subjects: Sixteen patients (age 58.2 ± 9.4 years) were enrolled in an inpatient rehabilitation programme 27.2 ± 10.4 days after a stroke. Interventions: Eight patients were randomly assigned to the vibration group and received 20 Hz vibration (5 mm amplitude) while standing on a vibration platform for 1 minute six times in one session. Patients in the control group also stood on the platform but did not receive vibration. Main measures: Maximum isometric and eccentric torque, rate of torque development, root-mean-squared EMG, median frequency of vastus lateralis, and co-activation of knee flexors. Results: Isometric and eccentric knee extension torque increased 36.6% and 22.2%, respectively, after vibration (P < 0.05) and 8.4% and 5.3% in the control group. Vibration increased EMG amplitude 44.9% and the median frequency in the vastus lateralis by 13.1% (all P < 0.05) without changes in the control group (10.6% and 3.9%). Vibration improved the ability to generate mechanical work during eccentric contraction (17.5%). Vibration reduced biceps femoris co-activation during isometric (8.4%, ns) and eccentric (22.5%, P < 0.05) contraction. Conclusion: These results suggest that one bout of whole body vibration can transiently increase voluntary force and muscle activation of the quadriceps muscle affected by a stroke.