Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From the SelectedWorks of Dee Bartrum January 1 , 2002 Multidimensional properties of the LOTR : Effects of optimism and pessimism on career and well-being related variables in adolescents

The Life Orientation Test – Revised (Scheier, Carver & Bridges, 1994), measures of career maturity, career decision-making, career goals and wellbeing were administered to 504 high school students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated bidimensionality rather than unidimensionality for the LOT-R, with the two factors of optimism and pessimism being largely unrelated. Those with high optimism reported high levels of career planning and exploration, were more confident about their career decisions, and had more career related goals. Those with high pessimism reported low levels of career and decision making knowledge, were more career indecisive and reported low levels of school achievement. For wellbeing, those with high levels of optimism reported high levels of self-esteem and low levels of psychological distress, while those with high levels of pessimism reported low levels of self-esteem and more psychological distress.
Determination of presence of equid alpha and gammaherpesvirus infections in foals with respiratory distress

Bu calismanin amaci, ozel bir pansiyon harasinda (gecici konaklama yeri) bulunan taylarda bir solunum sistemi hastaligi salgininda equid herpesviruslarin varligini arastirmak ve equid alpha ve gammaherpesviruslarin olasi etkilesimlerini ortaya koymaktir. Bu amacla, solunum sistemi hastaligi bulgulu 28 taydan nazal swap (n=21), lokosit ornekleri (n=28) ve olen bir taydan alinan doku ornekleri, equid herpesvirus-1, -4, -2 ve -5 yonunden glikoprotein B (gB) genini tespit etmeyi hedefleyen multipleks nested PCR ile test edildi. Orneklenen 29 hayvanin %3.4’u (1/29), %58.6’si (17/29), %58.6’si (17/29) ve %75.9’u (22/29) sirasiyla EHV-1, EHV-4, EHV-2 ve EHV-5 yonunden pozitif olarak bulundu. Ozellikle soz konusu viruslar tarafindan olusturulan tekli enfeksiyonlardan cok, EHV-1,-2 ve -5 arasinda coklu enfeksiyonlarin varligi (%75.9; 22/29) dikkat cekiciydi. Filogenetik analiz sonuclari yerel equid gammaherpesviruslarin, EHV-4 suslarinin aksine genetik olarak buyuk farklilik gosterdigini ortaya koydu
Study of nutritional and immunization status in children 6 months to 3 years attending outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital in rural South Rajasthan, India

Background: Good nutrition, particularly in the first three years of life, is important in establishing and maintaining a good foundation that has implications on a child’s future physical and mental health. The present study has been undertaken to study the “Impact of the nutritional and immunization services on the children between 6 months to 3 years,” with special emphasis to identify moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) cases.Methods: This observational study was conducted from August 2017 to July 2018 in department of paediatrics at pacific institute of medical science included 400 cases age between 6 months to 3 years.Results: Incidence of SAM and MAM is 7.5% and 30.75 % respectively. Female predominance was seen in SAM and MAM i.e. 53.4% and 54.6% respectively. Significant association of under-nutrition was found with LBW (p<0.05), not giving exclusive breast feeding up to 6 months of life (p<0.05) and, Low socioeconomic status (p<0.001). Higher numbers of females were unvaccinated.Conclusions: Despite introduction of various national programs at different levels for improvement of maternal and child health, we still have significant number of children who are undernourished and unimmunized. Children are future of our nation and their health is of paramount importance. It can only be achieved with strong political will, active participation of community and by increase commitment of health care professionals. We need to start from birth, institutional delivery, exclusive breast feeding, immunization, and timely introduction of complementary feeds, marriages at appropriate age, proper antenatal visits and birth spacing.
Lending Standards Over the Credit Cycle

We empirically identify the lending standards applied by banks to small and medium firms over the cycle. We exploit an institutional feature of the Italian credit market that generates a sharp discontinuity in the allocation of comparable firms into credit risk categories. Using loan-level data, we show that during the expansionary phase of the cycle, banks relax lending standards by narrowing the interest rate spreads between substandard and performing firms. During the contractionary phase of the cycle, the abrupt tightening of lending standards leads to the exclusion of substandard firms from credit. These firms then report significantly lower production, investment, and employment. Finally, we find that the drying up of the interbank market is an important factor determining the change in bank lending standards. JEL classification: E32, E44, G21. Keywords: Credit Cycles; Financial Contracts; Credit Rationing; Real Activity.
Monitoring crosslinking inhomogeneities in ethylene vinyl acetate photovoltaic encapsulants using Raman microscopy

Crosslinked ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resin is the preferred material for encapsulation of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Yet, profiling the spatial homogeneity of crosslinking in a quantitative and non-destructive way still remains a challenge. With the aid of reference techniques and using carefully prepared and well characterized model systems we have developed a protocol for Raman microscopy, which can determine the degree of crosslinking in EVA sheets in a quantitative manner. The new method has then been applied to characterize inhomogeneities with regard to crosslinking in EVA samples on various length scales, going down to a few μm. Finally, this method has been used to study crosslinking in EVA/glass laminates. The applicability and limitations of measuring crosslinking under glass was probed.
Can Auditors Restrain Firms from Earnings Management

This paper focuses on Taiwanese companies that applied for Gre Tai Securities Market / Taiwan Stock Exchange (GTSM-TWSE) transfer through simplified batch-reviews between 2000 and 2011. Since the listing-transfer companies were likely be motivated by earnings management, this study, which consists of 444 observations, examines whether audit firm sizes (measured by Big5) and audit industry specialization are associated with lower earnings management during the year before and the year of GTSM-TWSE transfer. The empirical results show: (1) that Big5 and SPEC generally cannot constrain listing-transfer firms’ discretions over earnings any more than non-Big5 can; and (2) that listing-transfer firms audited by industry specialist auditors do engage less in income increasing–accruals than listing-transfer firms audited by non-industry specialist auditors in the year prior to transfer year. In sum, the results show that the simplified batch-review procedures seem to be over-confident of the abilities of CPAs to restrain earnings management engaged in by GTSM-TWSE transfer firms.
Increased risks between TLR2 (-196 to -174 ins/del) and TLR3 1377C>T variants and head and neck cancers in Tunisia

Introduction Previous studies have highlighted the importance of polymorphisms of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of certain cancers, including head and neck cancers (HNC). Aim of the study The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of TLR2 (-196 to -174 ins/del) and TLR3 (1377 C>T) as potential risk factors for HNC in Tunisians. Material and methods A case-control study including 246 HNC patients (174 nasopharyngeal carcinoma – NPC and 72 laryngeal cancer – LC) and 250 healthy controls. Genotyping was done by using PCR and PCR-RFLP methods. Results Higher minor allele frequencies of TLR2 (-196 to -174 ins/del) and TLR3 1377 C>T polymorphisms were seen in HNC, NPC, and LC compared to controls. In addition, higher increased HNC, NPC, and LC risk was associated with TLR2 ins/del and TLR2 del/del genotypes (p < 0.0001). Positive association with HNC, NPC, and LC risk was seen with TLR2 del-containing genotypes (ins/del + del/del) (p < 0.0001). The T/T genotype of TLR3 is associated with HNC, NPC, and LC susceptibility (p < 0.0001). Positive association with HNC and NPC risk was seen with TLR3 T allele carriers (C/T + T/T) (p < 0.0001). Increased frequency of T-ins, C-del, and T-del haplotypes was revealed in HNC and NPC cases than healthy controls; however, T-del was significantly higher in LC cases. Conclusions Our results demonstrate an increased risk of HNC, NPC, and LC with TLR2 ins/del, TLR2 del/del, and TLR3 T/T genotypes. And positive association with T-ins, C-del, and T-del haplotypes with HNC and NPC and T-del haplotype with LC.
Cross-Country Patterns of Change in Relative Wages

This paper investigates movements in relative wages and wage inequality across 13 of the world's major economies. Focusing on wages received by full-time male workers, the investigation uncovers several empirical regularities: (1) Most advanced industrialized economies show increases, often large, in wage inequality during the 1980s; none show declining wage inequality. In contrast, three of four middle-income countries considered here show sharply declining wage inequality during the 1980s. (2) Since the early to late 1970s, the advanced economies show large and persistent increases in the wages of prime age men relative to the wages of less experienced men. (3) Following a period of sharply declining education differentials in the 1970s, the advanced economies show rising or flat education differentials after 1980. Education differentials fell moderately to sharply in the middle-income countries during the 1980s. (4) Wage inequality among observationally similar workers rose sharply during the 1980s in most advanced economies. (5) After 1975, the structure of relative industry wages in the manufacturing sector became increasingly dissimilar across the advanced economies. However, controlling for common time effects, increases in international trade as a fraction of GDP are associated with a partial convergence of relative industry wage structures across countries. The paper discusses several alternative interpretations of wage structure developments in the United States and other countries in the light of these empirical regularities.
Laboratory assay of aluminium transport through intact soil sample under controlled conditions.

Aluminium (Al) mobilisation in the forest soils is a serious problem due to the soil acidification. The rate and magnitude of leaching of Al and other elements and compounds from soils can be examined by means of per - colation experiments. Aluminium elutriation was studied under laboratory conditions using undisturbed samples of forest topsoil from the Palicnik area in the Jizera Mountains (Czech Republic), which originated under two different vegetation covers: European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst). Ponding infil- tration was performed using three subsequently applied solutions. KCl solution was used to simulate the soil solu - tion. Solutions with sulphates and nitrates addition (of two different pH values) were used to simulate acid rainfall. Passing liquid phase was analysed with respect to Al content and aluminium speciation. Differences were found in Al content and transport between different soils under spruce and beech covers. The soil sample under the spruce forest (SF sample) had a higher initial Al content than the soil sample under the beech forest (BF sample). As a result, the aluminium leaching from the spruce soil sample and the final content of water-extractable Al in the soil (Al con - tent after the leaching experiment) were higher compared to the beech soil sample. This suggests that Al mobility and potential toxicity in the beech forest are grater than those in the spruce monoculture when studied in the acidification endangered areas.
INFLUENCE OF STATISTICAL VARIATION IN FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETERS ON PAVEMENT ANALYSIS

A relatively simple approach that is based on a Monte Carlo simulation procedure is presented to statistically investigate the influence of variation in falling weight deflectometer (FWD) measurements on pavement analysis. The factors considered are pavement moduli and pavement performance or response strains that correlate with pavement performance. From extensive FWD data obtained in Nevada, the variability of FWD deflections was statistically quantified at six sites for two seasons. The FWD tests were carried out at an interval of 50 ft within a uniform 1,000-ft test pavement section at every site. Using these data, as many as 900 FWD sensor deflections with normal distribution for each sensor were randomly generated for each of the 12 cases (six sites, two seasons) studied. The MODULUS program was used in the backcalculation of the pavement layer moduli. The FWD measurements show substantial variation within all of the uniform pavement sections investigated. Backcalculated pavement layer moduli using the generated deflection data show a large variation. The coefficient of variation for layer moduli vary from 5 to as much as 65%. Larger variations were computed for AC and base. However, the coefficient of variations for pavement performance strains are smaller, varying from 8 to 25%. Because the number of loading cycles to cause pavement distress is sensitive to pavement performance strains, the variation in pavement strain caused by the variation in FWD measurements has a significant influence on pavement life predictions.
The German wireless LAN security survey 2009 – How security measures are used in companies and federal authorities?

The paper presents a couple of findings of a study in wireless LAN security (WLAN) in German companies and federal authorities. The study was conducted in spring 2009. On the basis of a directory of security measures we formulate hypotheses derived from several studies in WLAN security. We analyze how the situation in Germany fits these assumptions. Degree of familiarity, frequency of use and reasons for not using wireless LAN security measures are being investigated. Furthermore, we discuss correlations between companies’ characteristics and the use of security measures.
The Public and Private Information Sources of Volatility

We study the impact of public and private information on prices and volatility in financial markets. Previous studies demonstrate that public information, such as macroeconomic news releases, significantly affects both prices and volatility, while information that is distributed asymmetrically across participants, and thus privately held, affects prices. However, research on the impact of private information on volatility is scarce. We investigate this link using a high-frequency data set of the 30 year U.S. Treasury bond futures. Furthermore, we contribute to the analysis of information effects on returns and propose a model that simultaneously estimates the effects of public and private information on both prices and volatility. We find that private information variables such as order flow and bid-ask spread are statistically and economically significant explanatory variables for volatility. Our results imply that private information should not be ignored in volatility modeling for, e.g., risk management
Effects of long-term non-point eutrophication on the abundance and biomass of macrozoobenthos in small lakes of Estonia

The effects of eutrophication on macrozoobenthos were studied in small Estonian lakes. Altogether, 380 sites of 107 lakes sampled repeatedly before and during/after significant non-point eutrophication were compared. The data of 1951-1967 were considered the reference samples, and the data of 1972-1995 were used as the test samples. A total of 66 macro- and megazoobenthic variables were studied. The individual weight of chironomid larvae, as well as the abundance and biomass of several animal groups, had changed significantly between the two periods. The possible reasons for the changes are briefly discussed.
Key statistical assumptions and methods in one-arm meta-analyses with binary endpoints and low event rates, including a real-life example in the area of endoscopic colonic stenting

Abstract There are relatively few publications on the methodology of one-arm meta-analyses, especially when the outcome is binary and has low probability of occurring. We will discuss a few of the important assumptions underlying one-arm meta-analyses, including publication bias, fixed effect versus random-effects models, and raw event incidence rate transformations required when the event frequency is low. Finally, we will provide a real-life example taken from the endoscopic colonic stenting literature to illustrate the consequences of failure to thoroughly investigate these assumptions. In this example, we find arcsine transformation provides more appropriate results than logit transformation.
Effects of soil characteristics and leaf thinning on micronutrient uptake and redistribution in 'Cabernet Sauvignon'

This study investigated the uptake and distribution in grape tissues of the micronutrients copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn), in a 16 year-old 'Cabernet Sauvignon' vineyard and their relationship with soil characteristics and management. The analysis was carried out in two plots with differences in vigour, grown in a calcareous soil. Two different management treatments (with and without leaf thinning after bloom) were applied in each plot. Partitioning and distribution of micronutrients (Cu, Zn and Mn) in petiole, seeds skin and flesh were evaluated from veraison to harvest. The relationship between micronutrients and grape parameters such as pH, total acidity and berry weight were also evaluated. Differences in nutrient concentration were found between the areas with differences in vigour, but concentration in petiole did not present good correlation with the soil fraction extracted with CaCl2+DTPA+Trietanolamine. The results showed that micronutrient concentrations varied in a different way between organs during ripening. Cu and Zn in petioles had higher concentrations at veraison than at harvest, while for Mn the concentrations were higher at the end of the cycle. Zn and Mn were within the acceptable levels, while Cu levels were above them. Mn and Zn were mainly concentrated in seeds and skins. Cu and Mn concentrations in petiole, skins and seeds were higher in the leaf tinning treatment, but the results were opposite for Zn. Zn and Cu in flesh increased with berry weight while Mn decreased. Acidity and pH affected Zn in skins and flesh and Mn in seeds.
Journal of Rural and Community Development The Prospects for Empowerment through Local Governance for Tourism — the LEADER Approach

While empowerment and cooperation are essential to achieve these tourism governance goals, few, if any studies, investigated conditions for empowerment in tourism governance in the post-communist setting. Filling the gap, this paper critically examines the prospects for empowerment in tourism governance in Poland. The extensive desk-study was conducted in 2010 to investigate the issues of empowerment in governance for tourism development. It focused on gathering and analyzing information about LEADER, and its transfer into the Polish context. The empirical data collection included guided interviews with 18 key-informants involved in LEADER. The article concludes that in the post-communist reality, the immediate concern is the effectiveness of community-led local development initiatives. New actors in tourism governance must demonstrate their value as legitimate partners and secure funds that develop and sustain empowering mechanisms to increase community capacity in both planning and implementation of local development initiatives
Adaptation of the C 4 grass Panicum maximum to defoliation is related to plasticity of

Dry mass production and persistence of Panicum maximum pastures depends on ni- trogen supply. Defoliation influences N uptake and allocation patterns yet its effects on plasticity of N dynamics in P. maximum have not been investigated. Stable isotopes of N ( 15 N) were used in order to test the hypothesis that defoliation in terms of proportion of the leaf area removed effects N mobilisation, uptake and allocation patterns in P. maximum. The plants were initially cut weekly to a height of either 0.15 m or 0.30 m for seven weeks. Eight weeks after the first defo - liation, all plants were defoliated for a final time to remove 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 % of the area of each individual leaf blade of the main tiller. Root N uptake was reduced when all leaf area was removed, but more lenient defoliation improved N uptake due to a positive effect on specific N uptake. Young leaves, side tillers and roots were the main sinks for N from root uptake. Roots of P. maximum became a net source of N for mobilisation immediately after severe defoliation. Root uptake was the main source of N for new growth in P. maximum plants. Allocation pattern of mo- bilised N was different from that of N derived from root uptake. It was concluded that adaptation of P. maximum to defoliation is related to plasticity of N uptake, mobilisation and allocation, but changes in N dynamics did not offset negative impacts of complete defoliation of the plants.
Mortality rates of epipelagic copepods in the post-spring bloom period in Disko Bay, western Greenland

Mortality rates of the copepods Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis, C. finmarchicus, Pseudocalanus sp. and Oithona similis were investigated during June 2001 in Disko Bay, western Greenland. These 5 species dominated the zooplankton community in the upper 75 m, contributing 89% of the total copepod biomass. Instantaneous mortality rates of copepodites of all 5 species and nauplii of Pseudocalanus sp. and O. similis were calculated using vertical life tables on abundances and published information on stage duration times. Compared with those covering a range of boreal habitats, the mortality rates were higher, with highest rates occurring in C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis copepodite stages I to III and Pseudocalanus spp. stage III (maximum = 0.18 d -1 ). Mortal- ity rates remained lower in all stages of O. similis. When superimposing mortality rates for all species and stages on copepod size a significant peak at 1.3 mm prosome length was evident. This peak fitted a prey size dependent functional response of predation and the high mortality rates were, therefore, most probably attributable to size-specific predation.
Experimental Investigation of Progressive Damage and the Effect of Layup in Notched Tensile Tests

The presence of subcritical damage in notched composites significantly affects the ultimate failure mode and strength. This article presents a detailed study of four different layups of E-glass/913 tested using a double-edge-notched specimen loaded in tension. For each layup three different in-plane dimensions are tested. Results are presented in terms of failure mode, strength, and subcritical damage development. Subcritical damage development is consistent between the layups and between scaled specimens of a single layup. Ultimate failure, however, shows some variations both with layup and size and this is examined in some detail. The trend of decreasing strength with increasing specimen size is observed for all cases except those where there is a change in failure mode between different size tests. The strengths are compared with predictions from two analytical techniques, which show some ability to achieve correlation across a subset of the test data. Correlation is not possible where variations in failure mode occur for a single layup.