Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Interaction between Danoprevir and Mericitabine in the Treatment of Chronic HCV Infection

Background Modelling HCV RNA decline kinetics under therapy has proven useful for characterizing treatment effectiveness. Methods Here we model HCV viral kinetics (VK) in 72 patients given a combination of danoprevir, a protease inhibitor, and mericitabine, a nucleoside polymerase inhibitor, for 14 days in the INFORM-1 trial. A biphasic VK model with time-varying danoprevir and mericitabine effectiveness and Bliss independence for characterizing the interaction between both drugs provided the best fit to the VK data. Results The average final antiviral effectiveness of the drug combination varied between 0.998 for 100 mg three times daily of danoprevir and 500 mg twice daily of mericitabine and 0.9998 for 600 mg twice daily of danoprevir and 1,000 mg twice daily of mericitabine. Using the individual parameters estimated from the VK data collected over 2 weeks, we were not able to reproduce the low sustained virological response rates obtained in a more recent study where patients were treated with a combination of mericitabine and ritonavir-boosted danoprevir for 24 weeks. Conclusions This suggests that drug-resistant viruses emerge after 2 weeks of treatment and that longer studies are necessary to provide accurate predictions of longer treatment outcomes.
Effectiveness of medical nuclear care nursing training on levels of learning by multimedia software

Aims: Preparation of nurses plays an important role in nuclear events and reduces the nuclear consequences. Training is an important part of preparation process which is provided in various ways. This research was done to examine the efficacy of nuclear nursing care training by multimedia software on cognitive learning levels. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 nurses of one of hospitals in the country were selected by purposive sampling in year 2009.A Multiple choice researcher-designed questionnaire with 30 questions about three levels of cognitive learning including knowledge, comprehension and application was prepared and the test was done in three stages before, immediately after and 4 weeks after nuclear nursing care training by multimedia software. Scores were compared by repeated measure ANOVA test using SPSS17. Results: Knowledge scores’ mean in three stages, before, immediately after training and after four weeks were 4.5±1.5, 7.43±1.7, 7.6±1.7, respectively and comprehensive scores’ mean were 3.93±2.05, 8.73±2.03, 7.93±2.3, respectively and application scores’ mean were 2.72±1.53, 7.4±1.5, 6.4±2.1, respectively. The average total scores were 10.73±4.02, 23.5±4.25, 21.8±4.96, respectively and showed a significant difference for all stages and at all levels of learning (p<0.001). Conclusion: Results prove that multimedia software is effective; therefore, nuclear nursing care training by multimedia software can be a good alternative to other methods.
Improving access to safe water for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in a fragile state, Somalia

Delivering basic social service to most vulnerable people in fragile states is the ultimate challenge for both the international community and government institutions. Water service delivery is an inevitable necessity for human lives. Provision of water supply at Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) settlements has been implemented in several areas of Somalia in order to tackle with mobile populations, which consisted of majority of the population. Findings revealed that potable small scale water treatment systems using surface water were effective in a context of high population mobility. New flocculation technology, Poly-Glu, made by soy-bean in combination with chlorination worked well in the high turbidity water where only turbid surface water is available. Yet to address long-term sustainability, involvement of the private sector and capacity building initiatives are needed to maintain small-scale water treatment systems utilizing this new treatment method without external support.
Research Note - Content and Collaboration: An Affiliation Network Approach to Information Quality in Online Peer Production Communities

The 15-year history of collaboration on Wikipedia offers insight into how peer production communities create knowledge. In this research, we combine disparate content and collaboration approaches through a social network analysis approach known as an affiliation network. It captures both how knowledge is transferred in a peer production network and also the underlying skills possessed by its contributors in a single methodological approach. We test this approach on the Wikipedia articles dedicated to medical information developed in a subcommunity known as a WikiProject. Overall, we find that the position of an article in the affiliation network is associated with the quality of the article. We further investigate information quality through additional qualitative and quantitative approaches including expert coders using medical students, crowdsourcing using Amazon Mechanical Turk, and visualization using network graphs. A review by fourth-year medical students indicates that the Wikipedia quality rating is a reliable measure of information quality. Amazon Mechanical Turk ratings, however, are a less reliable measure of information quality, reflecting observable content characteristics such as article length and the number of references.
Resistance/susceptibility to Echinococcus multilocularis infection and cytokine profile in humans. II. Influence of the HLA B8, DR3, DQ2 haplotype

Differences have been shown between HLA characteristics of patients with different courses of alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Notably the HLA B8, DR3, DQ2 haplotype was associated with more severe forms of this granulomatous parasitic disease. We compared IL‐10, IL‐5, interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from eight HLA‐DR3+, DQ2+, B8+ AE patients and from 10 HLA‐DR3−, DQ2−, B8− patients after non‐specific mitogenic and specific Echinococcus multilocularis antigenic in vitro stimulation. PBMC from seven HLA‐DR3+, DQ2+, B8+ healthy subjects and nine HLA‐DR3−, DQ2−, B8− subjects were also studied as controls. PBMC from AE patients with HLA DR3+, DQ2+ haplotype secreted higher levels of IL‐10 without any stimulation and after specific antigenic stimulation than did patients without this haplotype. Higher levels of IL‐5 and IFN‐γ were also produced by these patients' PBMC after stimulation with non‐purified parasitic antigenic preparations; however, the specific alkaline phosphatase antigen extracted from E. multilocularis induced only Th2‐type cytokine secretion. A spontaneous secretion of TNF by HLA DR3+, DQ2+ B8+ AE patients was also found. These results suggest that HLA characteristics of the host can influence immune‐mediated mechanisms, and thus the course of AE in humans; specific antigenic components of E. multilocularis could contribute to the preferential Th2‐type cytokine production favoured by the genetic background of the host.
THE IMPACTS OF AFTA-COMMON EFFECTIVE PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS ON THE TRADE DIVERSION AND TRADE CREATION OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER AND FACTICE FROM OIL IN INDONESIA

Rubber and its products are one of the exported commodities listed in Indonesia’s ten primary exported commodities (Ministry of Trade 2015). Different from other rubber products, the impor of synthetic rubber and factice from oil have increased significantly since the establishment of the AFTA-CEPT with approximately 7 thousand registered products in the Inclusion List (IL) in 2002. This study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of synthetic rubber and factice krom oil among the members of AFTA countries and analyze the impacts of trade creation and Trade diversion on the implementation of the CEPT-AFTA on synthetic rubber and factice oil krom Indonesia, particularly in the 11 countries of origin of imports during the period from 2001 to 2013 by using a gravity model, which was analyzed using static data panel. Based on the results of RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage), the competitiveness of synthetic rubber and factice oil from Indonesia is very low among four ASEAN countries, while Thailand is the top exporting countries in ASEAN region. The results of the panel data analysis showing variables which have positive influence are Indonesia’s real GDP and real GDP of the country of origin of imports, while variables with negative effect are economic distance and Indonesia’s real exchange rate compared to the country of origin of imports. The implementation of AFTA-CEPT brought against Trade diversion and creation of synthetic rubber and factice oil from Indonesia will have impacts on the existence of trade creation because part of the domestic production of synthetic rubber Ana factice oil from Indonesia will be replaced with imports from member countries and there is on trade diversion.
Multimarker approach including CRP, sST2 and GDF‐15 for prognostic stratification in stable heart failure

Inflammation and cardiac remodelling are common and synergistic pathways in heart failure (HF). Emerging biomarkers such as soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) and growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15), which are linked to inflammation and fibrosis process, have been proposed as prognosis factors. However, their potential additive values remain poorly investigated.
Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of accelerometer measured physical activity levels of school-going children in Kampala city, Uganda

Background The current international physical activity guidelines for health recommend children to engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily. Yet, accurate prevalence estimates of physical activity levels of children are unavailable in many African countries due to the dearth of accelerometer-measured physical activity data. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and examine the socio-demographic correlates of accelerometer-measured physical activity among school-going children in Kampala city, Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to recruit a sample of 10–12 years old school-going children (n = 256) from 7 primary schools (3 public schools and 4 private schools) in Kampala city, Uganda. Sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) and vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) were measured by accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+ [Pensacola, Florida, USA]) over a seven-day period. Socio-demographic factors were assessed by a parent/guardian questionnaire. Weight status was generated from objectively measured height and weight and computed as body mass index (BMI). Multi-level logistic regressions identified socio-demographic factors that were associated with meeting physical activity guidelines. Results Children’s sedentary time was 9.8±2.1 hours/day and MVPA was 56±25.7 minutes/day. Only 36.3% of the children (38.9% boys, 34.3% girls) met the physical activity guidelines. Boys, thin/normal weight and public school children had significantly higher mean daily MVPA levels. Socio-demographic factors associated with odds of meeting physical activity guidelines were younger age (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.55–0.84), thin/normal weight status (OR = 4.08; 95% CI = 1.42–11.76), and socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as lower maternal level of education (OR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.84–3.21) and no family car (OR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.17–0.55). Conclusion Children spent a substantial amount of time sedentary and in LPA and less time in MVPA. Few children met the physical activity guidelines. Lower weight status, lower maternal education level and no family car were associated with meeting physical activity guidelines. Effective interventions and policies to increase physical activity among school-going children in Kampala, are urgently needed.
Relationship Between Technostress with Job Satisfaction of librarians in Ahvaz Public Libraries

Fariba Nazari (Corresponding author) Assistant professor, Department of Information Science and Knowledge Studies, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Nazari_lib@yahoo.com Received: 18 August 2016; Accepted: 4 February 2017 Abstract Purpose: This study investigates relationship between techno stress with job satisfaction of librarians in Ahvaz public libraries. Methodology: The present study was conducted using a survey method and correlation analysis was used to examine the results. The statistical population of this study consisted of all librarians in Ahvaz public libraries in 1394, of which 71 were chosen as the study sample. The data gathered using the Ragu-Nathan techno stress scale (2008) scale as well as Minnesota's Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (1952). Data were analyzed using SPSS software using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between the constructivist factors of technological change, ie technology overload, technology influx, technology uncertainty, technology complexity and technological insecurity with job satisfaction of librarians. Also, the results of regression analysis indicated that there is a relationship between technology, technology overload, technology influx, technology uncertainty, technology complexity, and technological insecurity with job satisfaction of librarians. The complexity of technology was negatively the best predictor of job satisfaction. Originality/ Value: This article shows with the increase in the complexity of technology, librarians' job satisfaction decreases, hence the expectations from the performance of librarians are not met. This highlights a need for technological training for librarians.
Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Inorganic Perovskite Cesium Lead Halides (CsPbX3)

Novel quantum-dot light-emitting diodes based on all-inorganic perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals are reported. The well-dispersed, single-crystal quantum dots (QDs) exhibit high quantum yields, and tunable light emission wavelength. The demonstration of these novel perovskite QDs opens a new avenue toward designing optoelectronic devices, such as displays, photodetectors, solar cells, and lasers.
Vibrational properties of AlN grown on 111 -oriented siliconPHYSICAL REVIEW B, VOLUME 63, 125313

We study the vibrational spectrum of AlN grown on Si(111). The AlN was deposited using gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. Raman backscattering along the growth c axis and from a cleaved surface perpendicular to the wurtzite c direction allows us to determine the ${E}_{2}^{1},$ ${E}_{2}^{2},$ ${A}_{1}(\mathrm{TO}),$ ${A}_{1}(\mathrm{LO}),$ and ${E}_{1}(\mathrm{TO})$ phonon energies. For a 0.8-\ensuremath{\mu}m-thick AlN layer under a biaxial tensile stress of 0.6 GPa, these are 249.0, 653.6, 607.3, 884.5, and 666.5 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, respectively. By combining the Raman and x-ray diffraction studies, the Raman stress factor of AlN is found to be $\ensuremath{-}6.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}/\mathrm{GPa}$ for the ${E}_{2}^{2}$ phonon. This factor depends on published values of the elastic constants of AlN, as discussed in the text. The zero-stress ${E}_{2}^{2}$ energy is determined to be $657.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}. $ Fourier-transform infrared reflectance and absorption techniques allow us to measure the ${E}_{1}(\mathrm{TO})$ and ${A}_{1}(\mathrm{LO})$ phonon energies. The film thickness (from 0.06 to 1.0 \ensuremath{\mu}m) results in great differences in the reflectance spectra, which are well described by a model using damped Lorentzian oscillators taking into account the crystal anisotropy and the film thickness.
Direct measurement by laser flash photolysis of intraprotein electron transfer in a rat neuronal nitric oxide synthase.

Intraprotein interdomain electron transfer (IET) from flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to heme is essential in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by NO synthase (NOS). Our previous laser flash photolysis studies have provided a direct determination of the kinetics of IET between the FMN and heme domains in truncated oxyFMN constructs of rat neuronal NOS (nNOS) and murine inducible NOS (iNOS), in which only the oxygenase and FMN domains along with the calmodulin (CaM) binding site are present [Feng, C. J.; Tollin, G. ; Holliday, M. A. ; Thomas, C. ; Salerno, J. C. ; Enemark, J. H. ; Ghosh, D. K. Biochemistry 2006, 45, 6354-6362. Feng, C. J.; Thomas, C. ; Holliday, M. A. ; Tollin, G. ; Salerno, J. C. ; Ghosh, D. K. ; Enemark, J. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 3808-3811]. Here, we report the kinetics of IET between the FMN and heme domains in a rat nNOS holoenzyme in the presence and absence of added CaM using laser flash photolysis of CO dissociation in comparative studies on partially reduced NOS and a single domain NOS oxygenase construct. The IET rate constant in the presence of CaM is 36 s-1, whereas no IET was observed in the absence of CaM. The kinetics reported here are about an order of magnitude slower than the kinetics in a rat nNOS oxyFMN construct with added CaM (262 s-1). We attribute the slower IET between FMN and heme in the holoenzyme to the additional step of dissociation of the FMN domain from the reductase complex before reassociation with the oxygenase domain to form the electron-transfer competent output state complex. This work provides the first direct measurement of CaM-controlled electron transfer between catalytically significant redox couples of FMN and heme in a nNOS holoenzyme.
Procrastination and its Relationship with Mental Health among Children and Adolescents

Procrastination is extremely prevalent and pernicious form of self-regulatory failure, or the tendency to postpone an activity under one’s control to the last possible minute, or even not to perform it at all, that is not entirely understood. Procrastination is the deferment of actions or tasks to a later time, or even to infinity. It is the avoidance, or deferment, without good reason, of an intended or scheduled until later. The word itself comes from the Latin word procrastinates: pro (forward) and crustiness (of tomorrow). Procrastination is very common and takes place in everyday behaviors. Even though it has been growing for decades and is considered a serious problem today, it wasn’t regarded as a serious psychological problem and thus ignored by psychologists for much of history Brown [1].
An Impedance Network Boost Converter With a High-Voltage Gain

An impedance network dc–dc boost converter is developed in this letter. Compared to the conventional boost converter, it can reach a higher voltage gain with fewer diodes and a small duty cycle (smaller than 33%) and, meanwhile, avoid instability caused by saturation of its inductors, whereas the conventional boost converters realize high-voltage gains at rather large duty cycles (normally exceeding 50%) resulting in saturation of inductors. Furthermore, it can well fulfill the stringent industrial requirements, particularly of renewable power systems. The proposed converter with continuous conduction modes is analyzed for different states of its components. Then, it is shown how to determine its various parameters. Finally, simulations and a 250-W prototype are conducted to verify the converter's effectiveness.
Study of the charge-trapping characteristics of silicon-rich nitride thin films using the gate-sensing and channel-sensing (GSCS) method

The present study investigates the charge trapping characteristics of Si-rich nitride thin films in detail by using the gate-sensing and channel-sensing (GSCS) method. Analytical results indicate that thicker (≫7 nm) nitride thin films are fullycapturing; the trapped electrons are distributed in the center of the nitride, and the charge centroid is independent of the N/Si ratio. However, thinner nitride layers have significantly lower capture efficiency. Using silicon-rich nitride can improve capture efficiency and make the nitride thickness more scalable. Si-rich nitride can enhance the electron de-trapping speed under -FN erase, while at the expense of worse data retention. These results indicate that Si-rich nitride introduce more dangling bonds that increase more trap sites as well as more shallower traps.
Mechanism of cell-mediated cytotoxicity at the single cell level. I. Estimation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte frequency and relative lytic efficiency.

The kinetics and rate of T cell-mediated cytolysis was assessed by measuring the times required for lysis of isolated target cells by single cytotoxic lymphocytes. Single target cell lysis was determined microscopically by observing trypan blue uptake as a function of time of incubation of effector-target conjugates in agarose. Lysis of EL-4 target cells by alloimmune peritoneal exudate lymphocytes was initiated without a lag and was essentially complete at 2 hr. Both zero-order and first-order kinetics equations were analyzed for fit to the 0 to 2 hr lysis values. Statistically, the zero-order kinetic function could be rejected (p > 0.05), but the first-order kinetics function (p < 0.01) could not. This strong evidence for first-order kinetics of T cell-mediated cytolysis implies that within each CTL-target cell population, cytolysis occurs exponentially as a random decay process and that one event in the entire process of cytolysis is rate limiting. The first-order equation was then applied to measurements of the rate of cytolysis in many different individual effector-target cell combinations. Significant differences in the lytic rate were apparent when either the effector or target cells were varied, with the rate constants spanning a 5-fold range. The heterogeneity of lytic rates is consistent with the hypothesis that lytic efficiency is a function of both the effector and target cells used.
Information Resources and Service Delivery in Tourism Sites in Cross River State for Sustainable Development in Nigeria

This study examined the availability of information resources and service delivery in tourism sites in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study covered the three selected public information centres in charge of tourism sites in Cross River State. They include Cross River State Tourism Bureau, National Commission for Museum Calabar and Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation, Calabar. Ex-post facto research design was considered to be appropriate in this work. Ninety three (93) respondents were used for the study. Purposive sampling method was considered the best because the researchers intentionally decided to use the entire population since the accessible population was not too large. The instrument was estimated for its reliability using Cronbach Alpha reliability method. The statistical analysis techniques used to test each hypothesis in this work was One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results from data analyzed revealed that, availability of print information resources, the availability of non-print information resources, the formats of information resources, information services and preservation techniques significantly influence service delivery in tourism sites.
Characterization of Jarosite Formed upon Bacterial Oxidation of Ferrous Sulfate in a Packed-Bed Reactor

A packed-bed bioreactor with activated-carbon particles as a carrier matrix material inoculated with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was operated at a pH of 1.35 to 1.5 to convert ferrous sulfate to ferric sulfate. Despite the low operating pH, trace amounts of precipitates were produced in both the reactor and the oxidized effluent. X-ray diffraction and chemical analyses indicated that the precipitates were well-ordered potassium jarosite. The chemical analyses also revealed a relative deficiency of Fe and an excess of S in the reactor sample compared with the theoretical composition of potassium jarosite.