Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of high‐risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses harboring atypical distribution in women of childbearing age living in Libreville, Gabon

The extent of human papillomavirus (HPV) genital shedding and type‐specific diversity were evaluated in 354 consecutive women of childbearing age living in Libreville, Gabon. Detection of HPV DNA was performed by PCR using the MY09/MY11 primer set on DNA extracted from endocervical swabs. All PCR positive specimens were subjected to direct sequencing and HPV genotypes were identified on the basis of >95% sequence homology in the L1 region. Reverse line blot hybridization assay was used when a genotype could not be resolved by sequencing alone. HPV DNA was detected in 163 (46%) women, all clinically asymptomatic for HPV‐related lesions. The highest prevalence of genital HPV detection (45%) was in the age group from 22 to 29 years. A total of 90 women (55%) harbored high‐risk (HR) genotypes, with the most common being HPV‐53 (19; 12%), HPV‐58 (17; 11%), and HPV‐16 (16; 10%). Low‐risk genotypes were found in 36 (22%) women with HPV‐54 and HPV‐70 being the most frequently detected (17; 11% and 10; 6%, respectively). Finally 37 women (23%) tested positive for genotypes of unknown oncogenic risk, the most common in this category being HPV‐83 (20; 12%). Multiple infections were detected in 35 (21%) women. By multivariate analysis, HPV genital shedding was significantly associated with young age (OR: 0.34; P < 0.007). The multivalent vaccine currently available against cervical carcinomas, is only active against HPV‐16 and HPV‐18, and will thus have a low impact in this setting. J. Med. Virol. 77:430–438, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implementation intention and planning interventions in Health Psychology: Recommendations from the Synergy Expert Group for research and practice

The current article details a position statement and recommendations for future research and practice on planning and implementation intentions in health contexts endorsed by the Synergy Expert Group. The group comprised world-leading researchers in health and social psychology and behavioural medicine who convened to discuss priority issues in planning interventions in health contexts and develop a set of recommendations for future research and practice. The expert group adopted a nominal groups approach and voting system to elicit and structure priority issues in planning interventions and implementation intentions research. Forty-two priority issues identified in initial discussions were further condensed to 18 key issues, including definitions of planning and implementation intentions and 17 priority research areas. Each issue was subjected to voting for consensus among group members and formed the basis of the position statement and recommendations. Specifically, the expert group endorsed statements and recommendations in the following areas: generic definition of planning and specific definition of implementation intentions, recommendations for better testing of mechanisms, guidance on testing the effects of moderators of planning interventions, recommendations on the social aspects of planning interventions, identification of the preconditions that moderate effectiveness of planning interventions and recommendations for research on how people use plans.
A pathway to solving the Wi-Fi tragedy of the commons in apartment blocks

Surprisingly little research has quantified the severity of Wi-Fi congestion in densely populated areas. We performed a high-fidelity 3D simulation of the performance of a realistic Wi-Fi deployment in a typical apartment block. Our results show that congestion leads to significant loss of performance, and that current channel selection procedures have only little effect. Also the strategy that is mostly applied today, i.e. to deploy additional repeaters and Access Points (APs), fails. As this is a typical example of the “Tragedy of the Commons”, some form of collaboration between AP operators is needed to solve the problem. New channel selection algorithms that optimize Wi-Fi performance on a system level then become possible which, for instance, minimize the mutual interference impact on all APs involved. We validate that such an algorithm indeed leads to an optimized as well as fair assignment, which is a necessary first step towards solving the Tragedy.
Phosphorylation of hormone‐sensitive lipase by protein kinase A in vitro promotes an increase in its hydrophobic surface area

Hormone‐sensitive lipase (EC 3.1.1.79; HSL) is a key enzyme in the mobilization of fatty acids from stored triacylglycerols. HSL activity is controlled by phosphorylation of at least four serines. In rat HSL, Ser563, Ser659 and Ser660 are phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) in vitro as well as in vivo, and Ser660 and Ser659 have been shown to be the activity‐controlling sites in vitro. The exact molecular events of PKA‐mediated activation of HSL in vitro are yet to be determined, but increases in both Vmax and S0.5 seem to be involved, as recently shown for human HSL. In this study, the hydrophobic fluorescent probe 4,4′‐dianilino‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐5,5′‐disulfonic acid (bis‐ANS) was found to inhibit the hydrolysis of triolein by purified recombinant rat adipocyte HSL, with a decrease in the effect of bis‐ANS upon PKA phosphorylation of HSL. The interaction of HSL with bis‐ANS was found to have a Kd of 1 μm in binding assays. Upon PKA phosphorylation, the interactions of HSL with both bis‐ANS and the alternative probe SYPRO Orange were increased. By negative stain transmission electron microscopy, phosphorylated HSL was found to have a closer interaction with phospholipid vesicles than unphosphorylated HSL. Taken together, our results show that HSL increases its hydrophobic nature upon phosphorylation by PKA. This suggests that PKA phosphorylation induces a conformational change that increases the exposed hydrophobic surface and thereby facilitates binding of HSL to the lipid substrate.
Lipopolysaccharide Down Regulates Both Scavenger Receptor B1 and ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A1 in RAW Cells

ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has recently been shown to facilitate macrophage foam cell formation and has been suggested to be a proatherogenic factor. The mechanism of LPS induced cholesterol accumulation, however, is unclear. In this report, using the macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cell line, we provide experimental evidence that LPS's proatherogenic effects may at least in part reflect altered cholesterol metabolism. Data presented demonstrate that in a dose-dependent manner, LPS is able to down regulate the mRNA expression of the two primary high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptors, scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) and ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1), with a 50% inhibitory concentration of less than 0.2 ng/ml, as well as to decrease SR-B1 protein expression by 80%. We also found that LPS treatment resulted in a significant decrease (to 20% of the control level) of the specific 125I-HDL binding as well as in 50% inhibition of the HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux compared to untreated cells. In addition, we compared the potencies of various modified LPS preparations and demonstrated that the phosphorylated lipid A portion of LPS, which is highly conserved among gram-negative microorganisms, including Chlamydia, is primarily responsible for the effects of LPS on SR-B1 and ABCA1 expression. Inhibitors of NF-κB activation were observed to efficiently block the suppressive effect of LPS on SR-B1 and ABCA1, suggesting a mechanism involving NF-κB. These data indicate that the LPS effects on cholesterol metabolism may contribute to the proatherogenic properties of LPS.
La ciudad-refugio: migración forzada y reconfiguración territorial urbana en Colombia: el caso Mocoa

Uno de los resultados urbanos mas importantes de la guerra y el narcotrafico en Colombia es la ciudad-refugio. Mientras el pais se desangra en el campo en un conflicto sin fin, agravado por el narcotrafico, que se despliega y reconstruye sus estructuras, las ciudades colombianas se convierten en albergue de millones de desterrados. En este libro se presenta el concepto de ciudad-refugiocomo una proposicion teorica para explicar una de las mas notables reconfiguraciones territoriales que experimenta la ciudad colombiana contemporanea, tomando como estudio de caso la ciudad de Mocoa en el Putumayo.
11 : Les syndicalismes arabesau prisme de l'autoritarisme et du corporatisme

Du corporatisme d'Etat des regimes arabes autoritaires populistes des annees 1960 et 1970, il ne reste plus que la dimension repressive. Concernant les organisations syndicales, il existe, bien sur, des differences entre la Federation tunisienne et ses homologues syrienne et egyptienne completement subordonnees au pouvoir politique sans interruption depuis les annees 1960. En Egypte, comme dans la Syrie de Hafez al-Assad, et encore sous son heritier Bachar, on a des exemples extremes de mise sous tutelle de syndicats centralises et completement deconnectes des mouvements sociaux . Mais par dela les divergences des trajectoires historiques de ces trois pays, les centrales syndicales ne semblent fonctionner que pour empecher l'emergence d'une capacite revendicative susceptible de remettre en cause non seulement une politique economique, mais aussi des privileges et des pratiques de corruption.
ALARM: A novel fall detection algorithm based on personalized threshold

Since threshold-based fall detection has been widely studied by many research groups, accuracy is still a main limitation affected by personal factors. To this end, a personalized threshold extraction approach being adapted for the fall detection usage for different individual is proposed to increase the fall detection accuracy. Moreover, we also implement a fall detection algorithm called ALARM to verify the feasibility of the proposed threshold extraction approach. Results of comprehensive evaluation show it has high accuracy of 96.76% for fall detection, while the sensitivity and the specificity are 92.01% and 99.13%, respectively, based on the data collected from 8 volunteers.
Unaware Processing of Tools in the Neural System for Object-Directed Action Representation

The hypothesis that the brain constitutively encodes observed manipulable objects for the actions they afford is still debated. Yet, crucial evidence demonstrating that, even in the absence of perceptual awareness, the mere visual appearance of a manipulable object triggers a visuomotor coding in the action representation system including the premotor cortex, has hitherto not been provided. In this fMRI study, we instantiated reliable unaware visual perception conditions by means of continuous flash suppression, and we tested in 24 healthy human participants (13 females) whether the visuomotor object-directed action representation system that includes left-hemispheric premotor, parietal, and posterior temporal cortices is activated even under subliminal perceptual conditions. We found consistent activation in the target visuomotor cortices, both with and without perceptual awareness, specifically for pictures of manipulable versus non-manipulable objects. By means of a multivariate searchlight analysis, we also found that the brain activation patterns in this visuomotor network enabled the decoding of manipulable versus non-manipulable object picture processing, both with and without awareness. These findings demonstrate the intimate neural coupling between visual perception and motor representation that underlies manipulable object processing: manipulable object stimuli specifically engage the visuomotor object-directed action representation system, in a constitutive manner that is independent from perceptual awareness. This perceptuo-motor coupling endows the brain with an efficient mechanism for monitoring and planning reactions to external stimuli in the absence of awareness. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our brain constantly encodes the visual information that hits the retina, leading to a stimulus-specific activation of sensory and semantic representations, even for objects that we do not consciously perceive. Do these unconscious representations encompass the motor programming of actions that could be accomplished congruently with the objects' functions? In this fMRI study, we instantiated unaware visual perception conditions, by dynamically suppressing the visibility of manipulable object pictures with mondrian masks. Despite escaping conscious perception, manipulable objects activated an object-directed action representation system that includes left-hemispheric premotor, parietal, and posterior temporal cortices. This demonstrates that visuomotor encoding occurs independently of conscious object perception.
Caenorhabditis elegans p97 controls germline-specific sex determination by controlling the TRA-1 level in a CUL-2-dependent manner

p97 (CDC-48 in Caenorhabditis elegans) is a ubiquitin-selective AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) chaperone and its key function is to disassemble protein complexes. p97 functions in diverse cellular processes including endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation, membrane fusion, and meiotic and mitotic progression. However, its cellular functions in development have not yet been clarified. Here, we present data that p97 is involved in the switch from spermatogenesis to oogenesis in the germline of the C. elegans hermaphrodite. We found that the cdc-48.1 deletion mutant produced less sperm than the wild type and thus showed a decreased brood size. The cdc-48.1 mutation suppressed the sperm-overproducing phenotypes of fbf-1 and fem-3(gf) mutants. In addition, the p97/CDC-48–UFD-1–NPL-4 complex interacted with the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL-2 complex via NPL-4 binding to Elongin C. Furthermore, TRA-1A, which is the terminal effector of the sex determination pathway and is regulated by CUL-2-mediated proteolysis, accumulated in the cdc-48.1 mutant. Proteasome activity was also required for the brood size determination and sperm-oocyte switch. Our results demonstrate that the C. elegans p97/CDC-48–UFD-1–NPL-4 complex controls the sperm-oocyte switch by regulating CUL-2-mediated TRA-1A proteasome degradation.
Similar potency of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and lamotrigine in inhibiting the release of glutamate and other neurotransmitters

We compared the effects of the antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and lamotrigine on the release from rat brain slices of endogenous glutamate, [(3) H]-GABA, and [(3) H]-dopamine, elicited by the Naplus channel opener, veratrine, and of the same transmitters as well as [(3) H]-noradrenaline, [(3) H]-5-hydroxytryptamine, and [(3) H]-acetylcholine, elicited by electrical stimulation. The three antiepileptic drugs inhibited veratrine-induced release of endogenous glutamate, [(3) H]-GABA, and [(3) H]-dopamine, with IC50 values between 23 and 150 micro Meter, in or near the concentration range in which they interact with Naplus channels, and there was little difference between the compounds. They were five to seven times less potent in inhibiting electrically as compared with veratrine-stimulated release of [(3) H]-GABA and [(3) H]-dopamine; similarly, carbamazepine and tetrodotoxin were more potent in inhibiting veratrine-induced as compared with electrically induced release of endogenous glutamate. Carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and lamotrigine also inhibited electrically stimulated release of [(3) H]-5-hydroxytryptamine (IC50 values, 150 to 250 micro Meter) and [(3) H]-acetylcholine (IC50 values, 50 to 150 micro Meter); [(3) H]-noradrenaline release was affected to a lesser degree. The active concentration ranges of these drugs with respect to inhibition of veratrine-stimulated neurotransmitter release matched the therapeutic plasma and brain concentrations. It is uncertain whether these effects are relevant in vivo at anticonvulsant doses, because the drugs are markedly less potent in inhibiting the more physiologic release elicited by electrical stimulation. Therefore, the hypothesis that inhibition of glutamate release is the mechanism of anticonvulsant action of lamotrigine (or carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine) is doubtful. Other consequences of Naplus channel blockade may have an important role. NEUROLOGY 1995;45: 1097-1913
Reflexões sobre a reforma gerencial brasileira de 1995

Neste trabalho o autor — Ministro da Administracao Federal e Reforma do Estado no primeiro Governo Cardoso (1995-98) — pergunta-se por que, nesse periodo, a emenda constitucional que ficou chamada de Reforma Administrativa foi aprovada, enquanto que a Reforma Tributaria e a Reforma da Previdencia Social nao o foram. Suas respostas sao que a Reforma Administrativa (a) respondia a uma demanda social real; (b) possuia objetivos claros (tornar viavel a Reforma Gerencial da administracao publica burocratica brasileira); (c) tinha uma concepcao precisa, particularmente em relacao a proposta de mudanca no direito a estabilidade; (d) envolveu aliancas politicas e compromissos limitados; e (e) foi o resultado de um debate nacional que terminou por persuadir a opiniao publica e os altos administradores publicos.
Primary Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma of Bone: Analysis of a Series

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare, aggressive malignant neoplasm characterized by small nests and linear arrays of epithelioid cells embedded in a dense collagenous matrix. Very few primary SEFs of bone have been reported. Recognition is critical, as the dense extracellular collagenous matrix can be interpreted as osteoid, leading to misdiagnosis as-osteosarcoma. MUC4 and SATB2 are 2 recently characterized immunohistochemical markers for SEF and osteosarcoma, respectively. In reports to date, osteosarcomas are positive for SATB2 and negative for MUC4, whereas soft tissue SEFs have shown the opposite immunohistochemical profile (SATB2−/MUC4+). The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 8 primary SEFs of bone. The patients presented at a wide range of ages (25 to 73 y; median 52 y). Tumors mostly involved long bones of the extremities, with 3 cases involving the femur, 2 involving the ulna, and 1 involving the humerus. Other sites of involvement included the second rib (1) and the C6 vertebra (1). Follow-up information was available for 7 patients, 3 of whom developed metastases within 2 years of diagnosis. The other 4 patients were free of local recurrence or metastases at 1, 5, 12, and >84 months of follow-up, respectively. Radiographically, the tumors were predominantly lytic and poorly marginated. Histologically, 6 tumors showed pure SEF morphology, and 2 showed hybrid SEF/low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma morphology. Focal dystrophic mineralization was seen in 1 case but was limited to areas of necrosis. None of the tumors showed the lace-like pattern of mineralization typical of osteosarcoma. The majority (6/8) of the tumors strongly expressed MUC4. SATB2 was negative in all but 1 case, which showed variable weak to moderate staining in ∼50% of nuclei. In general, the combination of morphology, MUC4 expression, and the absence of SATB2 expression was highly useful in arriving at the correct diagnosis.
Large‐scale, multidirectional larval connectivity among coral reef fish populations in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park

Larval dispersal is the key process by which populations of most marine fishes and invertebrates are connected and replenished. Advances in larval tagging and genetics have enhanced our capacity to track larval dispersal, assess scales of population connectivity, and quantify larval exchange among no‐take marine reserves and fished areas. Recent studies have found that reserves can be a significant source of recruits for populations up to 40 km away, but the scale and direction of larval connectivity across larger seascapes remain unknown. Here, we apply genetic parentage analysis to investigate larval dispersal patterns for two exploited coral reef groupers (Plectropomus maculatus and Plectropomus leopardus) within and among three clusters of reefs separated by 60–220 km within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. A total of 69 juvenile P. maculatus and 17 juvenile P. leopardus (representing 6% and 9% of the total juveniles sampled, respectively) were genetically assigned to parent individuals on reefs within the study area. We identified both short‐distance larval dispersal within regions (200 m to 50 km) and long‐distance, multidirectional dispersal of up to ~250 km among regions. Dispersal strength declined significantly with distance, with best‐fit dispersal kernels estimating median dispersal distances of ~110 km for P. maculatus and ~190 km for P. leopardus. Larval exchange among reefs demonstrates that established reserves form a highly connected network and contribute larvae for the replenishment of fished reefs at multiple spatial scales. Our findings highlight the potential for long‐distance dispersal in an important group of reef fishes, and provide further evidence that effectively protected reserves can yield recruitment and sustainability benefits for exploited fish populations.
Zur Vergütung von Überstunden in Deutschland: unbezahlte Mehrarbeit auf dem Vormarsch

Die jahrlich vom Institut fur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) durchgefuhrten Arbeitszeitberechnungen weisen seit Jahren einen Ruckgang der bezahlten Uberstunden in Deutschland aus. Jedoch stellt dieser Abwartstrend der bezahlten Mehrarbeit nur einen Teil der Arbeitszeitentwicklung dar. Auswertungen der Daten des vom DIW Berlin in Zusammenarbeit mit Infratest Sozialforschung erhobenen Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) zeigen, dass die Anzahl der Uberstunden insgesamt nicht rucklau. g ist, sondern steigt, wenn alle Uberstunden unabhangig von ihrer Kompensationsform betrachtet werden. In der aktuellen Diskussion um die Arbeitszeit wird von Arbeitgeberseite eine Verlangerung der Wochenarbeitszeit zur Senkung der Arbeitskosten gefordert, um die Position deutscher Unternehmen im internationalen Wettbewerb zu starken. Zeichnet man jedoch ein umfassenderes Bild der Arbeitszeit in Deutschland und bezieht auch die in den amtlichen Statistiken nicht erfassten Arbeitsstunden in die Rechnung ein, wird deutlich, dass langst eine Arbeitszeitverlangerung stattgefunden hat. Bei der Mehrzahl der Beschaftigten ubersteigt die tatsachliche Arbeitszeit den Umfang der vertraglich geregelten Wochenstunden, und ein betrachtlicher Anteil der Arbeitnehmer leistet Uberstunden, die Arbeitszeitkonten gutgeschrieben werden. Daruber hinaus stellen zahlreiche Beschaftigte ihre Arbeitskraft den Unternehmen teilweise kostenlos zur Verfugung, indem sie unbezahlte Uberstunden erbringen. Die Studie zeigt, dass der Umfang der bezahlten Uberstunden zuruckgeht, wahrend unbezahlte und mit Freizeit kompensierte Mehrarbeit zunimmt.