Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proton Irradiation Effects in Oxide-Confined Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) Diodes

Recent space experience has shown that the use of commercial optocouplers can be problematic in spacecraft, such as TOPEX/Poseidon, that must operate in significant radiation environments. Radiation--induced failures of these devices have been observed in space and have been further documented at similar radiation doses in the laboratory. The ubiquitous use of optocouplers in spacecraft systems for a variety of applications, such as electrical isolation, switching and power transfer, is indicative of the need for optocouplers that can withstand the space radiation environment. In addition, the distributed nature of their use implies that it is not particularly desirable to shield optocouplers for use in radiation environments. Thus, it will be important for the space community to have access to radiation hardened/tolerant optocouplers. For many microelectronic and photonic devices, it is difficult to achieve radiation hardness without sacrificing performance. However, in the case of optocouplers, one should be able to achieve both superior radiation hardness and performance for such characteristics as switching speed, current transfer ratio (CTR), minimum power usage and array power transfer, if standard light emitting diodes (LEDs), such as those in the commercial optocouplers mentioned above, are avoided, and VCSELs are employed as the emitter portion of themore » optocoupler. The physical configuration of VCSELs allows one to achieve parallel use of an array of devices and construct a multichannel optocoupler in the standard fashion with the emitters and detectors looking at each other. In addition, detectors similar in structure to the VCSELs can be fabricated which allows bidirectional functionality of the optocoupler. Recent discussions suggest that VCSELs will enjoy widespread applications in the telecommunications and data transfer fields. « less
A Bittersweet Investigation of Availability and Nutritive Value as Determinants of Volitional Sucrose Consumption

Rats given ~24 h access to a 4% sucrose solution every 3 day (E3DA) consume about 100 g more solution than rats with continuous, everyday access (EDA). Under the same EDAE3DA conditions rats will consume similar amounts of a more concentrated 8 or 16% sucrose solutions (Eikelboom, Hewitt, & Adams, Unpublished). It maybe that with these more concentrated solutions rats hit a satiety limit that prevents a difference between EDA and E3DA consumption from being evident. Experiment 1 was conducted to investigate the effect of adding quinine to 4% and 8% sucrose solutions with the intention of reducing consumption to allow the emergence of an EDA-E3DA consumption difference with 8% sucrose. Rats were given EDA or E3DA access to 4% or 8% sucrose with or without added . 005% quinine. An EDA-E3DA consumption difference emerged with 8% sucrose + . 005% quinine where the quinine addition lowered consumption. However, in this experiment the EDA-E3DA consumption profile of 4% sucrose was smaller than typically seen. Rats show considerable variability in sucrose consumption and experiment 2 was conducted to explore the effects of using a pre-exposure period to determine group assignment. Rats were pre-exposed to 4% sucrose continuously for 6 days. Consumption during this preexposure was used to assign rats to 4% or 8% sucrose with or without added . 005% quinine who were then assigned to EDA or E3DA conditions. In this experiment the pre-exposure helped create eight equal groups and the 4% sucrose group demonstrated an EDA-E3DA consumption difference. However, the . 005% quinine concentration did not reduce 8% sucrose consumption as severely as it had in experiment 1 and failed to produce an EDA-E3DA difference with 8% sucrose. Access, Quinine, and Sucrose iii Experiment 3 explored the effects of a pre-exposure on 8% sucrose + . 005% quinine consumption as a pre-exposure was a critical difference in the first two experiments. The results of experiment 3 suggested that a 4% sucrose pre-exposure would not change future 8% sucrose + . 005% quinine consumption levels. Experiment 4 was conducted to investigate the effect of varying the quinine concentration on 8% sucrose + quinine consumption. Rats were given EDA or E3DA to 8% sucrose adulterated with . 0025%, . 005%, . 01%, or . 02% quinine. Quinine concentration-dependently reduced consumption levels, and allowed for an EDA-E3DA consumption difference to emerge. Collectively these experiments suggest that rats’ regulate their consumption of a supplementary sucrose solution based on the value of the solution and its availability in an integrated fashion. That is, the ability for intermittent access to elevate consumption depends on the value of the food being consumed. This is evidenced by the efficacy of quinine adulteration to degrade the value, and consequently intake, of an 8% sucrose solution which permitted an EDA-E3DA difference, normally only seen with 4% sucrose, to emerge. Access, Quinine, and Sucrose iv
An investigation on trade openness, fiscal policy and economic growth in Malaysia: using an ARDL bounds testing approach

This study examines the impacts of trade openness and fiscal policy on economic growth in Malaysia between 1970 and 2003 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and bounds test as proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001). Based on a structure consistent with the endogenous growth theory, the ARDL results show that, overall, trade openness and fiscal policy have strong positive impacts on economic growth in Malaysia over this period. This paper also develops a system instrumental variable method to estimate the structural speed of adjustment coefficient in an error correction model.
Species Limits and Clinal Variation in a Widespread High Andean Furnariid: The Buff-Breasted Earthcreeper (Upucerthia validirostris)

Abstract. The Buff-breasted Earthcreeper (Upucerthia validirostris) is endemic to western Argentina, and the Plain-breasted Earthcreeper (U. jelskii, including subspecies saturata in the north and pallida in the south), ranges from northern Peru to northwestern Argentina. They have been considered subspecies, as constituents of a superspecies, and as different species. From north to south, a morphocline, involving an increase of rustiness of the plumage and of ∼15% in bill length, 10% in wing length, and 20% in tail length, links jelskii to validirostris. The cline linking jelskii and pallida is gradual, over ∼1800 km; that between pallida and validirostris is steep, over ∼80 km. The northernmost record of validirostris is from the northern Calchaquies Valley, Salta, northwestern Argentina, a valley surrounded by mountains of up to ∼6300 m above sea level through which the lowest pass is at over 4900 m, forming a barrier between validirostris and the southernmost record of pallida to the north. The song, continuous song, duet, and call of validirostris are structurally indistinguishable from those of jelskiilpallida and from the single available recorded song of saturata. In all playback experiments, validirostris answered by approaching and vocalizing to voices of validirostris and jelskii /pallida and vice versa. Treatment of validirostris as a single species is warranted, and three subspecies can be tentatively recognized: southern validirostris (large, rufescent birds with buff bellies restricted to Argentina), central and northern jelskii (small, pale birds ranging from northwestern Argentina to central Peru), and northern saturata (small, dark, and brownish birds in northern central Peru).
Using Basis and Futures Prices as a Barometer in Deciding Whether to Store Grain or Not

The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the strength and weakness of basis and futures prices as barometers for producers to use in deciding whether to store or not. Basis is the single most important market signal for wheat producers to use when deciding whether to store or sell their wheat at harvest. While some models indicated low futures prices were a signal to store, results were fragile and inconsistent.
L’optimisation des soins de fin de vie dans les unités d’enseignement clinique de médecine à l’aide du questionnaire CANHELP et d’une infirmière facilitatrice : une étude de faisabilité

Cette étude a pour objectif d’effectuer un essai-pilote et d’évaluer l’effet et la faisabilité d’une intervention en amélioration de la qualité dirigée par une infirmière facilitatrice utilisant le questionnaire du projet d’évaluation de la santé au Canada (CANHELP) pour améliorer les soins de fin de vie (FV) dans les unités d’enseignement de la médecine. Sur les 123 patients auxquels on s’est adressé, 67 ont accepté de participer à l’étude et la majorité d’entre eux avait le cancer. Le questionnaire a été rempli par des malades en phase terminale et les soignants membres de leur famille. Les chercheurs ont déterminé les aspects des soins présentant l’écart le plus grand entre la satisfaction et l’importance, et les ont ciblés dans la perspective de l’optimisation des soins de FV. Dans une seconde cohorte, ils ont également procédé au dépistage des symptômes à l’aide de l’Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS). Les chercheurs ont évalué les résultats deux semaines après que les patients des deux cohortes ont obtenu leur congé. La satisfaction moyenne à l’égard des aspects prioritaires s’était améliorée. La satisfaction des soignants s’était aussi grandement améliorée ainsi que les résultats de l’ESAS. Grâce au questionnaire CANHELP, l’infirmière facilitatrice a pu repérer des occasions d’améliorer les soins de FV prodigués aux patients dans les unités de médecine et d’améliorer un peu la satisfaction à l’égard des soins.
Comparison of organics and heavy metals acute toxicities to Vibrio fischeri

Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition has been widely used to test acute toxicities of metals and organics contaminants. However, the differ­ences of metals and organics acute toxicities to V. fischeri have not been com­pared. Here, four heavy metals (Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ and Cr 6+ ) and five organics (phenol, benzoic acid, p -hydroxybenzoic acid, nitro-benzene and benzene) acute toxicities to V. fischeri were investigated. Heavy metals toxicities to V. fischeri were increased along with the reaction time, while the organics toxi­cities kept the same level in different reaction times. In order to explain the dif­ference, the relative cell death rate of V. fischeri was detected. In metals toxi­cities tests, the bioluminescence inhibition rate of V. fischeri was found to be significantly higher than the relative cell death rate ( P < 0.05), while for the organics toxicities tests, the cell death rate was similar to the bioluminescence inhibition rate. These results indicated that organics acute toxicities to V. fisch­eri could reflect the death of cell, but metals acute toxicities to V. fischeri may not lead to the death of cell, just represent the bioluminescence inhibition.
The prognostic value of contrast echocardiography, electrocardiographic and angiographic perfusion indices for prediction of left ventricular function recovery in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by percutaneous coronary intervention

Background : Fast and effective culprit artery patency restoration is important in acute myocardial infarction (MI) but does not ensure that tissue perfusion related to a better prognosis in the long-term follow-up is achieved. In this study we compared the prognostic value of myocardial perfusion contrast echocardiography with other well-known electrocardiographic and angiographic indices of preserved tissue perfusion. Material and methods : We studied 114 consecutive patients, of whom 85 were male, aged 57.9 ± 11 years, within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms of their first anterior myocardial infarction. These were treated with primary PCI, after which PCI myocardial blush grading was assessed (MBG 0-1 no perfusion, 2-3 normal perfusion). One hour after PCI a reduction of > 50% in the sum of ST-segment elevation (ΣST 50%) was assessed as an indicator of perfusion restoration. During the first 24 hours continuous ECG monitoring recorded reperfusion arrhythmias (RA) and the time required for ST-segment reduction to exceed 50% in the single lead with the highest ST elevation (Δt ST 50%). On the next day of MI, after LVEF evaluation, real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT-MCE) was performed to assess perfusion in dysfunctional segments. The reperfusion index as an average of the dysfunctional segment perfusion score was determined. Regional and global LV function was assessed again one month after MI. An LVEF increase of over 5% divided the patients into two groups: group A with LVEF improvement (72 pts) and group B without LVEF improvement (42 pts). Results : In group A baseline LVEF was 41.9 ± 7.1% and in group B it was 38.9 ± 7.4% (p = NS). The reperfusion indices were 1.59 and 0.78 (p Conclusions : Myocardial perfusion echocardiography had a high prognostic value for the prediction of LV global function improvement. It turned out to be the best predictor among the other angiographic, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic markers.
Ab initio calculations of elastic constants of plagioclase feldspars

Abstract Plagioclase feldspars comprise a large portion of the Earth’s crust and are very anisotropic, making accurate knowledge of their elastic properties important for understanding the crust’s anisotropic seismic signature. However, except for albite, existing elastic constants for plagioclase feldspars are derived from measurements that cannot resolve the triclinic symmetry. We calculate elastic constants for plagioclase end-members albite NaAlSi3O8 and anorthite CaAl2Si2O8 and intermediate andesine/ labradorite NaCaAl3Si5O16 using density functional theory to compare with and improve existing elastic constants and to study trends in elasticity with changing composition. We obtain elastic constants similar to measured elastic constants and find that anisotropy decreases with anorthite content.
Stability of Large Thickened , Non-Segregated Tailings Slopes

The growing trends in tailings management are to eliminate ponded water on top of tailings and to thicken tailings to conserve water and minimise the amount of water that has to be managed. There are various degrees of thickening ranging from a high density, non-segregated slurry, to a paste and filtered tailings. Thickened tailings, with a consistency of a high density, non-segregated slurry or a paste can be safely deposited at slopes between 2–10% in thin layers that allow for desiccation with relatively small containment dams at the toe. However, stability is a concern, especially for large tailings deposits because the deposited properties can not accurately be predicted beforehand. Empirical relationships have not been developed because there is insufficient field data. This paper discusses the stability of thickened tailings stacks (slopes) in both the short-term during operation and long-term in the closure mode. The authors have developed an innovative design methodology based on critical state soil mechanics fundamentals that can predict the stability of thickened tailings slopes and the change in the factor of safety with time. This tool can also be used to carry out sensitivity analyses for different operational conditions and different tailings properties so that deposition strategies can be optimised. Thin layer deposition and desiccation are necessary to ensure the stability of these slopes. A feature of the method is that the deviations from the design assumptions are evident shortly after deposition commences allowing time to implement changes.
Impact of mutagens its efficiency and effectiveness in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

In M1 generation, the germination percentage was reduced due to various mutagenic treatments under field as well as laboratory conditions. Reduction in germination was found maximum in higher dose and/or concentration of the mutagens. The progressive decreased in seedling growth viz. root and shoot length with corresponding increased in dose or concentration of gamma rays, ethyl methane sulphonate and their combinations was observed in M1 generation. The pollen sterility was estimated during M1 generation and it was found increased significantly with an increased in doses and/or concentrations. Day to 50 percent flowering and mortality were also found increased with an increased in doses and/or concentrations of the gamma rays, ethyl methane sulphonate and their combinations.
Determination and Comparison of Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Football Players in the U 10-17 Categories

This study was conducted to determine some motoric characteristics of children football players in the 10-17 age group and to compare them according to their playing positions. The study was carried out with voluntary participation of a total of 190 licensed athletes in Turkey Football Federation "U" category playing in Çeliktepe, Aslantepe and Seyrantepe sports club (U10-U17). The athletes participated in the study were divided into the 10-13 and 14-17 age categories, and further divided into three groups, namely defensive, midfield and forward player groups according to their playing positions. Demographic information about the age, football sports age and playing positions of the athletes were recorded. The research measurements were made during the first week of the preparatory period at the start of the season. All participants were subjected to motoric tests that measure speed, agility, horizontal jump, endurance and balance parameters, which are considered important for football branch. In the analysis of the data, the SPSS 23.0 statistical program was used. The Kolmogorov Smirmov test was used to determine whether the data showed normal distribution, and "One-Way ANOVA", followed by "Tukey HSD" were used for the parameters with normal distribution, whereas "Kruskal-Wallis" and "Mann-Whitney U" test were used for the data with non-normal distribution; and p<0.05 was accepted as the level of significance. As a result of the analysis of the data, there were statistically significant differences between motoric test results in term of the playing positions of football players (p<0.05). As a result, it was determined that some of the motoric performance differences, prominent in early periods among football players playing in different positions, decrease in the following years due to age, training and experience factors and that all football players in all positions have similar motoric performances in today's football. Thus, it can be said that it is important for players to have similar motoric parameters in the sense that they can compete with each other, considering that the players playing in different positions (forward-defense, etc.) come across during competitions.
STRUCTURAL VARIABLE ON THE JOB SATISFACTION OF 4 AND 5 STARRED HOTEL EMPLOYEES IN SURABAYA

The study aimed to find out the effect of management’s controllable factor, which was called internal factor or structural variable, on the job satisfaction of the 4 and 5 starred hotel employees’ in Surabaya. The study used quantitative explanative technique to explain the effect of structural variable on employees’ job sa-tisfaction. The result showed that structural variable had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. It is also found that employees’ job satisfaction was high when there was (or the highest indicator for structural variable was) fellow employees’ support and supervisor’s support, while the lowest indicator was job routine; the highest indicator for job satisfaction was satisfaction in salary, while the lowest indicator was supervisor’s competency in performing his or her tasks.
Genetic parameters for somatic cell score in the first three lactations of Czech Holstein and Fleckvieh breeds using a random regression model

A multiple-lactation random regression model was applied to test-day somatic cell score (SCS) records from the first three lactations of Czech Holstein and Fleckvieh cows. For Holstein, the data included 26 314 cows, with 244 953, 76 188 and 26 153 test-day records in the first, second and third lactation, respec - tively. For Fleckvieh, the data included 24 061 cows, with 223 421, 93 358 and 31 305 test-day records in the first, second and third lactation, respectively. The linear model for SCS included the following factors (for the given parity): fixed herd-test date effect, fixed regressions on days in milk within the age-season class, random regressions for the animal genetic and random regressions for the permanent environmental effect of the cow. Third-degree Legendre polynomials were used for all regressions. Gibbs sampling was used to generate samples from the marginal posterior distributions of the model parameters. The resulting daily heritability ranged from 0.08 to 0.11 in the middle part of lactation and it increased only slightly with parity. Extremely high values (0.25, 0.21) observed especially at the beginning and end of the third lacta - tion for Holstein might be caused by the "end-of-range" problem. The average daily heritabilities computed for the part of lactation between 45 and 255 days in milk (DIM) were in the range from 0.10 to 0.14. Daily permanent environmental variances were higher than the genetic variances and daily residual variances decreased with DIM. The residual variances in early lactation increased with lactation number. For both breeds, the highest genetic correlations computed for the part of lactation between DIM 45 and DIM 255 were obtained between the second and third lactation (0.95). The lowest daily genetic correlations of SCS in the same DIM between different lactations occurred at the beginning of lactation, especially between the first and third lactation. The permanent environmental correlations for selected DIM were lower than the respective genetic correlations.
Time signatures of impulsively generated coronal fast wave trains

Impulsively generated short-period fast magneto-acoustic wave trains, guided by solar and stellar coronal loops, are numerically modelled. In the developed stage of the evolution, the wave trains have a characteristic quasi-periodic signature. The quasi-periodicity results from the geometrical dispersion of the guided fast modes, determined by the transverse profile of the loop. A typical feature of the signature is a tadpole wavelet spectrum: a narrow-spectrum tail precedes a broad-band head. The instantaneous period of the oscillations in the wave train decreases gradually with time. The period and the spectral amplitude evolution are shown to be determined by the steepness of the transverse density profile and the density contrast ratio in the loop. The propagating wave trains recently discovered with the Solar Eclipse Coronal Imaging System (SECIS) instrument are noted to have similar wavelet spectral features, which strengthens the interpretation of SECIS results as guided fast wave trains.