Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Perception and Acceptance of Couple HIV Counselling and Testing in a Rural Community in Nigeria

HIV Prevalence is still high in Nigeria and Mother to Ch ild transmission of HIV is another burden on HIV positive sero concordance or discordance couples. The Couple HIV Counselling and Testing program (CHCT) was designed to assist in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV as a way of fighting against the dreaded HIV epidemics. There are no documented evidence on uptake and acceptance of this service among couples in Nigeria. Th is study therefore present finding fro m a household survey aimed at providing insight into people's perception and acceptance of the CHCT in Nigeria. Adopting the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling Technique (LQAS), data was collected fro m 76 married men and wo men liv ing in Kubwa, a rural co mmun ity within the Nigeria Federal Capital Territory, by personal interview using structured Questionnaire. Filled questionnaires were entered into SPSS and analysis was performed. Findings showed that about 76.3% of the respondents have ever heard of Couple Counselling and Testing while about 60% have ever accessed CHCT. Almost all the respondents were willing to reco mmend CHCT to newly married or intending couples and about 30% perceived it as a way to promote faithfulness and trust between couples. To assess CHCT, most respondents preferred private hospitals to public health facilit ies. This study concludes that awareness of CHCT is fair and response is high among married men and wo men in the selected commun ity.
The impact of self-reported cumulative comorbidity on stroke recovery.

195 10. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M et al. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS—ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 1984; 34: 939–44. 11. Roman GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T et al. Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology 1993; 43: 250–60. 12. Stewart R, Richards M, Brayne C et al. Cognitive function in UK community-dwelling African Caribbean elders: normative data for a test battery. Int J Geriatr Psychiat 2001; 16: 518–27. 13. SchoWeld PW, Tang M, Marder K et al. Consistency of clinical diagnosis in a community based longitudinal study of dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology 1995; 45: 2159–64.
Disclosing Hepatitis C Infection Within Everyday Contexts

In this paper the authors quantify hepatitis C disclosure outcomes across social contexts and identify the factors associated with widespread disclosure of infection. In a cross-sectional survey of people with hepatitis C (N = 504) more than half reported receiving a bad reaction from someone following disclosure. Unauthorized disclosure occurred, and many participants had been pressured into disclosing their infection. The factors associated with widespread disclosure were: education level; knowing other people with hepatitis C; feeling fatigued; receiving disclosure advice; and experiencing unauthorized disclosure. Bad reactions following disclosure are common and may impede health-seeking behaviour including uptake of hepatitis C treatment.
Intra-paradigmatic variation in Eleme verbal agreement

Mismatches in the morphosyntactic features of controllers and targets in the Eleme (Ogonoid, Niger-Congo) participant reference system allow for a subject agreement paradigm in which the person of the grammatical subject is indicated by a verbal prefix, while plural number is marked by a suffix on different targets — either lexical verbs or auxiliaries — based on the person value of the controller. I examine the distribution of Eleme ‘Default Subject’ agreement affixes and the intra-paradigmatic asymmetry found between second-person plural and third-person plural subjects in Auxiliary Verb Constructions (AVC) and Serial Verb Constructions (SVC). I argue that the criteria by which the various agreement affixes select an appropriate morphological host can be modelled in terms of agreement prerequisites even when distributional variation is paradigm internal.
Role play – an eff ective tool to teach clinical medicine

Objective: This study was undertaken as an experimental effort to introduce role-play as a learning tool in teaching of clinical medicine, access its efficacy in understanding clinical scenarios and honing linguistic and examination skills through expression in medical students. The basic hypothesis was that, role plays can guide the medical students in a better way by gaining knowledge and attitude to deal with real life situations through simulation acts so that they can apply this knowledge and skill gained through these simulations in practical examinations as well as self application in clinical practice. Methods: This experimental study with a single group pre and post test design was carried out in DMIMS university (NAAC-A) and JN Medical college, Wardha. Twenty four final year MBBS students were selected for the study. All were subjected to a pre sensitization test in short case format covering affective, cognitive and psychomotor domains from cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal system and marks were recorded. Then the students were sensitized with role plays of common clinical scenarios and all the role-plays were enacted. Finally post sensitization test in the same short case format was conducted.Statistical method: students paired ‘t’ test. Results: The post sensitization scores in each domain were significantly better than the pre sensitization scores, cognitive domain( 95% CI-5.14 to -4.60; p < 0.001), affective domain ( 95% CI -3.26 to -2.65; P
Periodontal conditions in patients with oral lichen planus: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the periodontal status of patients with oral lichen planus and compare it with that of healthy controls. The association between periodontal condition and the extent of disease in oral lichen planus patients was also examined. METHOD AND MATERIALS A descriptive clinical study was made of the periodontal condition of 80 consecutive patients with clinically and histologically diagnosed oral lichen planus and 40 healthy controls. Measurements were made of the Gingival Index, Plaque Index, and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). RESULTS Mean CPITN scores were significantly higher in oral lichen planus patients (2.8 ± 0.7) than in the healthy controls (1.1 ± 0.8) (P < .001). The patients with oral lichen planus showed no statistically significant difference in CPITN scores according to the extent of the lesions or their clinical form of presentation. CONCLUSION The periodontal condition of the oral lichen planus patients was significantly worse than in the control group.
An Empirical Investigation of Web Site Use Using a Commitment-Based Model

Companies throughout industry are interested in retaining existing customers, because customers' continuous consumption of products and services is critical to the long-term value propositions of most organizations. Thus, decision-making strategies that promote continuous use and customer retention are of research interest, both theoretically and practically. In the present research, we investigate one important area of continuous usage, that of Web site use. In particular, we use several theories of commitment to understand how an individual's decision to continue to use a Web site is influenced by his or her commitment toward that Web site and the vendor that supports it. Results derived from data collected from 335 users of a variety of Web sites indicated that affective commitment, calculative commitment, quality of alternatives, and trust were significantly associated with an individual's behavioral intention to continue to use a Web site. Implications for customer retention and decision-making strategies are discussed.
Del árbol al cloroplasto: concepciones alternativas de estudiantes de 9º y 10º grado sobre los conceptos «ser vivo» y «célula»

El concepto “celula” es fundamental en la biologia, tanto para la comprension de la mayoria de los fenomenos biologicos, como biotecnologicos de actualidad. Considerando que, bajo la premisa actual, se debe ensenar a partir de lo que el estudiante sabe, se vuelve relevante conocer cuales son las concepciones de los estudiantes sobre este topico. El presente trabajo indaga en las concepciones de estudiantes de educacion secundaria chilenos sobre “celula”, “ser vivo” y la relacion entre ambos, antes y despues de tratar el tema en el contexto escolar. Los resultados muestran que, aun despues de la ensenanza, muchos estudiantes son incapaces de vincular las caracteristicas y funciones de los seres vivos con las caracteristicas y funciones de las celulas, lo que dificulta la comprension de la celula como la unidad estructural y funcional basica de la vida
Quantitative assessment of autistic symptomatology in preschoolers

Given a growing emphasis on early intervention for children with autism, valid quantitative tools for measuring treatment response are needed. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) is a brief (15–20 minute) quantitative measure of autistic traits in 4-to 18-year-olds, for which a version for 3-year-olds was recently developed. We obtained serial SRS measurements on 73 preschool children with (n = 51) and without (n = 22) autism spectrum conditions. Inter-rater reliability (mothers and teachers) and test–retest reliability were of the order of 0.75 (Pearson's r). There was substantial agreement between SRS scores and (1) the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Composite (Pearson's r = –0.86) and (2) scores for social impairment on the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised (r = 0.63). Overall, quantitative autistic trait scores tended to improve over time in preschoolers, irrespective of treatment conditions. We conclude that it is possible to obtain reliable quantitative measurements of autistic social impairment in preschoolers, suitable for assessing treatment response.
Analysis and clinical effects of gluten in coeliac disease

The prolamin working group coordinates research on laboratory gluten analysis in food and on clinical evaluation of patient sensitivity to prolamins. As an observer organization to the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the group summarizes current data on analysis and effects of gluten in coeliac disease. All types of gliadin, the ethanol-soluble fraction of gluten, contain the coeliac-active factor. However, coeliac toxicity and immunogenicity (humoral and cellular) of various prolamins are not identical in coeliac patients. There are no conclusive data on the threshold of gluten sensitivity of coeliac patients. Information as to the long-term risk to coeliac patients exposed to small doses of gliadin is lacking. Therefore, every effort should be made to keep the diet of coeliac patients as gluten-free as possible. The prolamin group is currently evaluating a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol for gluten analysis that could serve as a basis for further Codex regulations. The group recommends adherence to a single Codex limit for gluten-free foods. The current limit of 200 ppm gluten is questionable and requires reconsideration based on new information that will be available soon.
Association of suboptimal blood pressure control with body size and metabolic abnormalities

Background Blood pressure control is disappointingly suboptimal in populations. Whether metabolic abnormalities influence blood pressure control is unclear. We evaluated the relationship between metabolic risk factors and blood pressure control in a large population of patients with hypertension. Methods From our Hypertension Centre, 4551 subjects (43.4% women; age 51 ± 12 years) were selected with available data for metabolic and cardiovascular evaluation (no prevalent cardiovascular disease), at the last control visit. A modified Adult Treatment Panel III definition of metabolic syndrome was adopted changing waist girth for body mass index (≥ 30 kg/m2). Blood pressure was considered controlled when supine office blood pressure was below 140/90 mmHg, or uncontrolled if this target was not achieved. Blood pressure control has been evaluated in relation to metabolic risk factors, adjusting for age, sex, and the number of antihypertensive medications. Results The metabolic syndrome phenotype was found in 1444 individuals (31.72%). The probability of uncontrolled blood pressure was 43% higher in patients with the metabolic syndrome than in those without, independently of covariates. This probability was also confirmed in 728 untreated patients. The probability of uncontrolled blood pressure significantly and independently increased with the increasing number of metabolic risk factors. Uncontrolled blood pressure was also independently associated with the prescription of more medications. Conclusion Insufficient control of blood pressure is independently associated with the presence of the metabolic syndrome. Blood pressure control worsens with the increasing number of metabolic risk factors associated with hypertension, despite the use of a greater number of medications.
Emoticons in mind: An event-related potential study

It is now common practice, in digital communication, to use the character combination “:-)”, known as an emoticon, to indicate a smiling face. Although emoticons are readily interpreted as smiling faces, it is unclear whether emoticons trigger face-specific mechanisms or whether separate systems are utilized. A hallmark of face perception is the utilization of regions in the occipitotemporal cortex, which are sensitive to configural processing. We recorded the N170 event-related potential to investigate the way in which emoticons are perceived. Inverting faces produces a larger and later N170 while inverting objects which are perceived featurally rather than configurally reduces the amplitude of the N170. We presented 20 participants with images of upright and inverted faces, emoticons and meaningless strings of characters. Emoticons showed a large amplitude N170 when upright and a decrease in amplitude when inverted, the opposite pattern to that shown by faces. This indicates that when upright, emoticons are processed in occipitotemporal sites similarly to faces due to their familiar configuration. However, the characters which indicate the physiognomic features of emoticons are not recognized by the more laterally placed facial feature detection systems used in processing inverted faces.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND PEARLS IN A STEPWISE SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
OF REVISION TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY.

The authors aim at reviewing the guiding principles in revision total knee arthroplasty according to a stepwise procedure. Strict preoperative planning is of paramount importance for this surgery. Thorough clinical history and physical exam, the assessment of limb deformity and knee range of motion as well as knee stability in flexion, extension and mid-flexion are crucial. Blood exam, standardized radiographic views, and CT scan are powerful tools for etiologic diagnosis of total knee arthroplasty failure. Templating is unique and mandatory to provide the surgeon with the critical data concerning the valgus position of the femoral component, the AP size of the femoral component, and the optimal position of the joint line; these three parameters are determinant for the final clinical outcome. A stepwise surgical technique with close adherence to the guiding principles of revision knee arthroplasty should be adopted from skin incision to closure. Femoral and tibia components with modular stem are ideally set at their optimal position as predetermined by templating. Any residual implant-bone gap is filled with metallic augment or bone graft. Finally, repositioning of the patella on a symmetrical bone cut presents a great value for a successful procedure.
B cell tolerance to xenoantigens

Abstract: Xenotransplantation of pig organs to humans is a possible solution to the shortage of donor organs for transplantation. Multiple immunologic barriers need to be overcome if pig‐to‐primate transplantation is to be successful. The presence, in humans, of natural antibodies (Abs) directed against Galα1–3Galβ1–4GlcNAc epitopes on pig vascular endothelium provides the major barrier, as antibody–antigen binding initiates the process of hyperacute rejection. Even if hyperacute rejection is prevented, acute vascular rejection develops. Acute vascular rejection is also mediated, in part, by xenoreactive Abs and may be complement‐independent. Efforts being made to overcome antibody‐mediated rejection include depletion of antibody by extracorporeal immunoadsorption, prevention of an induced Ab response by pharmacologic reagents, B‐cell and/or plasma cell depletion, depletion or inhibition of complement, and the use of organs from pigs transgenic for human complement regulatory proteins. The ultimate solution would be the induction of B‐cell tolerance to xenogeneic antigens, which is being explored by attempting to induce xenogeneic hematopoietic chimerism. Here, we review the properties of the B cell types responding to xenoantigens and the strategies for tolerizing those B cells.
Evolution of the archaeal rhodopsins: evolution rate changes by gene duplication and functional differentiation.

The amino acid sequences of 25 archaeal retinal proteins from 13 different strains of extreme halophiles were analyzed to establish their molecular phylogenetic relationship. On the basis of amino acid sequence similarity, these proteins apparently formed a distinct family designated as the archaeal rhodopsin family (ARF), which was not related to other known proteins, including G protein-coupled receptors. The archaeal rhodopsin family was further divided into four clusters with different functions; H+ pump (bacteriorhodopsin), Cl- pump (halorhodopsin), and two kinds of sensor (sensory rhodopsin and phoborhodopsin). These four rhodopsin clusters seemed to have occurred by gene duplication(s) before the generic speciation of halophilic archaea, based on phylogenetic analysis. Therefore, the degrees of differences in amino acid sequences within each cluster simply reflected the divergent evolution of halophilic archaea. By comparing the branch lengths after speciation points of the reconstituted tree, we calculated the relative evolution rates of the four archaeal rhodopsins bacteriorhodopsin:halorhodopsin:sensory rhodopsin: phoborhodopsin to be 5:4:3:10. From these values, the degrees of functional and structural restriction of each protein can be inferred. The branching topology of four clusters grouped bacteriorhodopsin and halorhodopsin versus sensory rhodopsin and phoborhodopsin by likelihood mapping. Using bacteriorhodopsin (and halorhodopsin) as an outgroup, the gene duplication point of sensory rhodopsin/phoborhodopsin was determined. By calculating the branch lengths between the gene duplication point and each halophilic archaea speciation point, we could speculate upon the relative evolution rate of pre-sensory rhodopsin and pre-phoborhodopsin. The evolution rate of pre-sensory rhodopsin was fivefold faster than that of pre-phoborhodopsin, which suggests that the original function of the ancestral sensor was similar to that of phoborhodopsin, and that sensory rhodopsin evolved from pre-sensory rhodopsin by the accumulation of mutations. The changes in evolution rate by gene duplication and functional differentiation were demonstrated in the archaeal rhodopsin family using the gene duplication date and halobacterial speciation date as common time stamps.
Cone-beam computed tomography with a flat-panel imager: magnitude and effects of x-ray scatter.

A system for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) based on a flat-panel imager (FPI) is used to examine the magnitude and effects of x-ray scatter in FPI-CBCT volume reconstructions. The system is being developed for application in image-guided therapies and has previously demonstrated spatial resolution and soft-tissue visibility comparable or superior to a conventional CT scanner under conditions of low x-ray scatter. For larger objects consistent with imaging of human anatomy (e.g., the pelvis) and for increased cone angle (i.e., larger volumetric reconstructions), however, the effects of x-ray scatter become significant. The magnitude of x-ray scatter with which the FPI-CBCT system must contend is quantified in terms of the scatter-to-primary energy fluence ratio (SPR) and scatter intensity profiles in the detector plane, each measured as a function of object size and cone angle. For large objects and cone angles (e.g., a pelvis imaged with a cone angle of 6 degrees), SPR in excess of 100% is observed. Associated with such levels of x-ray scatter are cup and streak artifacts as well as reduced accuracy in reconstruction values, quantified herein across a range of SPR consistent with the clinical setting. The effect of x-ray scatter on the contrast, noise, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in FPI-CBCT reconstructions was measured as a function of SPR and compared to predictions of a simple analytical model. The results quantify the degree to which elevated SPR degrades the CNR. For example, FPI-CBCT images of a breast-equivalent insert in water were degraded in CNR by nearly a factor of 2 for SPR ranging from approximately 2% to 120%. The analytical model for CNR provides a quantitative understanding of the relationship between CNR, dose, and spatial resolution and allows knowledgeable selection of the acquisition and reconstruction parameters that, for a given SPR, are required to restore the CNR to values achieved under conditions of low x-ray scatter. For example, for SPR = 100%, the CNR in FPI-CBCT images can be fully restored by: (1) increasing the dose by a factor of 4 (at full spatial resolution); (2) increasing dose and slice thickness by a factor of 2; or (3) increasing slice thickness by a factor of 4 (with no increase in dose). Other reconstruction parameters, such as transaxial resolution length and reconstruction filter, can be similarly adjusted to achieve CNR equal to that obtained in the scatter-free case.
SUMS OF ZEROS OF SOLUTIONS TO SECOND ORDER ODE WITH NON-POLYNOMIAL COEFFICIENTS

We consider the equation y′′ = F (z)y (z ∈ C) with an entire function F satisfying the condition |F (z)| ≤ A exp ` |z|ρ ρ ́ (ρ ≥ 1, A = const > 0). Let zk(y), k = 1, 2, . be the zeros of a solution y(z) to the above equation. Bounds for the sums j X k=1 1 |zk(y)| (j = 1, 2, . . . ) are established. Some applications of these bounds are also considered.
Real-Time Adaptive Camera Tamper Detection for Video Surveillance

Criminals often resort to camera tampering to prevent capture of their actions. Real-time automated detection of video camera tampering cases is important for timely warning of the operators. Tampering is generally done by obstructing the camera view by a foreign object, displacing the camera and changing the focus of the camera lens. In automated camera tamper detection systems, low false alarm rates are important as reliability of these systems is compromised by unnecessary alarms and consequently the operators start ignoring the warnings. We propose adaptive algorithms to detect and identify such cases with low false alarms rates in typical surveillance scenarios where there is significant activity in the scene.