Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of forward scattering data for microwave breast imaging

Microwave imaging for breast cancer detection has been of significant interest for the last two decades. Recent studies focus on solving the imaging problem using an inverse scattering approach. Success of these methods relies on the quality of the forward data such that the tumor inside the breast volume is well illuminated. In this paper, a numerical study of the forward scattering data is conducted and the potential use of full polarimetric data is investigated.
Extracolonic findings of computed tomographic colonography in Koreans.

AIM To determine the frequency and characteristics of extracolonic lesions detected using computed tomographic (CT) colonography. METHODS The significance of extracolonic lesions was classified as high, intermediate, or low. Medical records were reviewed to establish whether further investigations were carried out pertaining to the extracolonic lesions that were detected by CT colonography. RESULTS A total of 920 cases from 7 university hospitals were included, and 692 extracolonic findings were found in 532 (57.8%) patients. Of 692 extracolonic findings, 60 lesions (8.7%) were highly significant, 250 (36.1%) were of intermediate significance, and 382 (55.2%) were of low significance. CT colonography revealed fewer extracolonic findings in subjects who were without symptoms (P < 0.001), younger (P < 0.001), or who underwent CT colonography with no contrast enhancement (P = 0.005). CT colonography with contrast enhancement showed higher cost-effectiveness in detecting highly significant extracolonic lesions in older subjects and in subjects with symptoms. CONCLUSION Most of the extracolonic findings detected using CT colonography were of less significant lesions. The role of CT colonography would be optimized if this procedure was performed with contrast enhancement in symptomatic older subjects.
Phenotypic and functional characterization of two bovine mammary 1 epithelial cell lines in 2 D and 3 D models

3 Magdalena Arévalo Turrubiarte ; Marie-Hélène Perruchot ; Laurence Finot ; Frédérique 4 Mayeur and Frédéric Dessauge 5 6 INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France 7 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000 Rennes, France 8 Running head: Insight mammary epithelial cell line characterization 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 * Corresponding author: Frederic Dessauge, INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, Domaine de la 16 Prise, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France. Tel: +33 2 23 48 50 97; Fax : +33 2 23 48 50 80; E-mail: 17 frederic.dessauge@rennes.inra. fr 18 19 20 Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol (December 9, 2015). doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00261. 2015
The inheritance of translocations in man: data from families ascertained through a balanced heterozygote

In tlic 11 years which have elapsed since Turpin and his colleagues (1959) described the first translocation in man it has become increasingly obvious that translocations are one of the most eommon observable types of chromosome abnormality found in our species. The vast majority of uliromosome observations in man have been based on preparations of mitotic cells : since in this type of material, only those translocations involving the exchange of parts of chromosomes of' very different lengths, that is unequal exchanges, are detectable. Such rearrangements may well represent only a small proportion of the total translocation load. Court Brown (1967) cstim a t d that about 0.5 yo of the adult population were carriers of some form of structural heterozygosity of the autosomes detectable in mitotic cells. Court Brown & Smith (1969) published d,tt i t on 4833 individuals whose chromosomes had been examined in Edinburgh and who could bo considered to be reasonably representative of the general population. I n this population, fourtcen were found to have an autosome structural rearrangement, twelve of these being translocations. This figure gives an incidence of 0.25 % for translocations detectable in somatic cells. ntly several authors have published results on chromosome surveys of liveborii neonatal populations. The results of these surveys with respect to structural abnormalities of the autosomes are summarixcd in Tablc 1 . The chromosomes of 11,480 consecutive or randomly sel newborn babies have been examined, and twenty-two shown to have a structural abnormality of tlw autosomes. I n addition, Walzer, Breau & Gerald (1969) found seven babies to have a structural abnormality of the autosomes in a sample of 2400 new-born babies selected on the bnsis of phenotypic normality. Of the twenty-nine autosomc abnormalities seen in these vnrious surveys nineteen appeared to bc balanced translocations, giving an incidence of 0.14 yo for balanced translocations in the new-born population. f:eciproml t,ranslooations belong to one of two main categories : (i) trtnslocations involving the exchange of chromosome material between two different chromosomes, the chroniosome number remaining unaltered ; and (ii) translocations involving the exchange of material between two acrocentric chromosomes in such a way thatJ virtually all the material of the long arms of the two ohmmosomes involved forms one translocation product, while the other consists of a very small centric chromosome comprising the short-arm material of the two chromosomes. This latter chromosome is virtually always lost and such exchanges are often referred to as Robertsoniaii translocations (White, 1954). Robertsonian translocations are therefore usually associated with a reduction of the chromosome number to 45. Because of the nature of the rearrangement, the number of possible types of Robertsonian translocations is limited and all can be detected
Training End Users: An Experimental Investigation of the Roles of the Computer Interface and Training Methods

End-user computing has become an area of major importance to organizations over the past several years. As non-professional computer users come to rely on computer systems to perform more and more of their basic tasks, MIS managers need to ensure that those individuals learn to use software packages effectively. Two common, and often complementary, approaches for achieving this goal have been to develop in-house training programs and to utilize computer systems that are "user friendly. " Using Assimilation Theory a basis for this study, we investigate the impacts of two types of training methods and two computer interfaces on users' learning performance and attitudes toward a computer system. A laboratory experiment was conducted to compare a commonly used direct manipulation interface-DMI (the Apple Macintosh)-with a commonly used command-based interface-Disk Operating System (DOS). Each interface was presented to subjects by using either an exploration training approach or an instruction-based training approach. Results of the study indicate that individuals using the DMI performed substantially better than those using the command-based interface. However, there was no difference between these two groups in terms of perceived ease of system use. Also, in contrast to previous studies, there were no differences in outcomes related to the two types of training methods. Assimilation Theory is used to explain these results, and recommendations are made for future research.
Temperature during early life determines sex in zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)

It is well established that phenotypic sex in many gonochoristic fish species is the combined outcome of genetic and environmental factors, with temperature having the most profound influence of any environmental factor on sex differentiation. This study demonstrates that water temperature during early life (from spawning up until after metamorphosis) has a drastic influence on the sex ratio of zebrafish (Danio rerio), with male-biased populations produced at lower temperatures (22AEC, 87.1% males) and female-biased ones at higher temperatures (31AEC, 82.4% females). Since zebrafish is employed extensively as a model organism for a variety of research studies, these results can be of great importance to the designing of experiments where the sex of the fish is of relevance to the studied parameters.
A Century of Germinal Matrix Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Autopsied Premature Infants: A Historical Account

The care of premature infants in the 20th century is remarkable for technical advances that have dramatically improved survival, but little is known about temporal changes in the neuropathology of the premature infant over this time frame. We hypothesize that the autopsy rate of germinal matrix hemorrhage changed in the 20th century relative to combined influences of clinical interventions that were both harmful and helpful. We examined germinal matrix hemorrhage with intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) in 345 premature infants (gestational age 25–36 weeks) autopsied at Boston Children's Hospital from 1914 to 2015. There was a median of 19 cases/decade (range 7–68). Over the course of the study median gestational age decreased from 33 to 27 gestational weeks (P < 0.001), and median postnatal survival increased from 2 to 26 days (P = 0.02). The incidence of GMH-IVH increased from 4.7% before 1960 to 50.0% from 1975 to 1980, and then decreased to 12.5% after 2005 (P < 0.001). The incidence of GMH-IVH increased >3-fold around the time of the introduction of positive pressure ventilation into premature intensive care in the mid–1960s. The increased incidence of GMH-IVH in the 1970s–1980s likely reflects respiratory and hemodynamic imbalances complicating mechanical ventilation. We speculate that the subsequent decreased incidence of GMH-IVH likely reflects stabilization of respiratory function with improvements in ventilators and in ventilator management beginning in the 1970s and the use of surfactant and antenatal steroids in the 1980s.
The effects of semantic priming and work repetition on event-related potentials.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the performance of a lexical decision task, in which a proportion of the words were either semantic associates or repetitions of the preceding word. Reaction times were faster to both the second member of associated pairs (targets) and repeated words, with the latter facilitatory effect being more than twice that of the former. ERPs to the semantic primes were more negative-going than those to targets. This difference peaked around 400–450 ms after stimulus onset. Comparison of unrepeated and repeated words revealed a larger and temporally more extended difference, with a similar scalp topography. The prime-target differences are interpreted as a further example of the sensitivity of the ‘N400’ component of the ERP to semantic relationships between words. The differences between the repetition and priming effects in ERPs are considered equivocal with respect to the view that the associated behavioural effects are caused by different cognitive mechanisms.
Short-term High Dietary Fructose Intake had No Effects on Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion or Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Healthy, Obese Adolescents

UNLABELLED There is virtually no information on the metabolic impact of dietary fructose intake in adolescents despite their high fructose consumption, particularly via sweetened beverages. AIM To determine the short-term metabolic effects of dietary fructose intake in obese adolescents. METHODS Six volunteers (3 M/3 F; 15.2 +/- 0.5 yr; 35 +/- 2 kg/m2; 39 +/- 2% body fat) were studied twice following 7 d of isocaloric, isonitrogenous high carbohydrate (60% CHO; 25% fat) diets with fructose accounting for 6% and 24% of total energy intake, respectively (random order). Insulin sensitivity and secretion were analyzed by the stable labeled intravenous glucose tolerance test and glucose and lipid kinetics using GCMS. RESULTS A fourfold increase in dietary fructose intake did not affect insulin sensitivity or secretion, glucose kinetics, lipolysis or glucose, insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. CONCLUSIONS In the short term, when energy intake is constant, dietary fructose per se is not a contributor to insulin resistance and hypersecretion in obese adolescents.
Bipolar Affective Disorder in Adolescence: A 10-Year Study

A descriptive study of bipolar affective disorder in adolescent patients, conducted over a 10-year period, is presented. The diagnosis of 30 subjects referred to an adolescent treatment facility of a major teaching hospital was reviewed using DSM-III criteria, and antecedent symptomatology and signs were documented. Common diagnostic features included schizophreniform phenomenology, motoric and vegetative changes, suicidal and inappropriate sexual behaviour and a stormy first year of illness. A positive family history was frequently noted, as was the relevance of various forms of loss as a precipitant of the first episode. Timely recognition and multidisciplinary management, including the use of lithium, are discussed. It appears that the prognosis of bipolar affective disorder in adolescence is better than was previously believed, probably as a result of earlier diagnosis and more frequent recognition.
Do Physicians Spend Less Time with Older Patients?

In view of the additional time that older persons require for giving and receiving information, as well as for the examination process, it is important for manpower and reimbursement planning to better understand the nature of the physician‐patient encounter with the elderly. We examined a series of national surveys of physicians' professional activities and found that physicians tend to spend less time with their older patients and also that encounter time by physicians in different specialities varies widely. Internists and cardiologists spend substantially more time with patients compared with general and family practitioners. For 65–74‐year‐old ambulatory patients, the average visit lengths are 18.3 minutes for internists, 18.0 for cardiologists, 11.2 for general practitioners, and 12.1 for family practitioners. Compared with ambulatory visit lengths for patients aged 45 to 64 years, average encounter times for 75‐year‐olds with family physicians were 0.8 minutes shorter, with general practitioners 1.2 minutes shorter, with internists 2.3 minutes shorter, and with cardiologists 3.0 minutes shorter. However, when all characteristics of the visit were considered, the effect of patient age remained significant only for general practitioners. A multivariate analysis of factors related to physician time for ambulatory care showed that more time is associated with multiple problems, problem severity, and the use of diagnostic testing. For general and family practice, the greater the number of previous visits for a problem, the shorter the encounter time is. Additional characteristics associated with shorter physician—patient encounter times include the volume of patients per week and the use of physician assistants within the practice. These findings have implications for medical education and manpower projections.
The Role of Theory in Learning Disabilities Research

A close examination of theories dominant in the field of learning disabilities in the 1960s showed that the role of theory in learning disabilities research has been unproductive in enhancing our understanding of the causes of learning disabilities. In Part I, general and specific reasons are given to support the stated view. Generally the conceptual frames of these theories appear narrow and inadequate; specifically methodological problems appear to have undermined their heuristic value and restricted their development as viable theories of learning disablities. In Part II, a selective review of current theories in learning disabilities research that show heuristic promise is presented. Through programmatic research they hopefully will bring us closer to understanding the causes of learning disabilities.
PHOTODYNAMIC LIPID PEROXIDATION IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS *

Abstract— Oxidative degradation of cell membrane lipids in the presence of molecular oxygen, a sensitizing agent and exciting light is termed photodynamic lipid peroxidation (photoperoxidation). Like other types of lipid peroxidation, photoperoxidation is detrimental to membrane structure and function, and could play a role in many of the toxic as well as therapeutic effects of photodynamic action. Recent advances in our understanding of photoperoxidation and its biomedical implications are reviewed in this article. Specific areas of interest include (a) reaction mechanisms; (b) methods of detection and quantitation; and (c) cellular defenses (enzymatic and non‐enzymatic).
A brief self‐administered psychological intervention to improve well‐being in patients with cancer: results from a feasibility study

Background: Patients with cancer have relatively high rates of anxiety and distress, adversely affecting their well‐being and quality of life. Recent studies indicate that addressing these symptoms could result in better response to cancer treatment. Researchers have found that interventions that focus on increasing mental awareness and the frequency of positive experiences may have a greater impact on reducing psychological morbidity and increasing quality of life than interventions that target relief of psychological symptoms.
Health sciences libraries building survey, 1999-2009.

OBJECTIVE A survey was conducted of health sciences libraries to obtain information about newer buildings, additions, remodeling, and renovations. METHOD An online survey was developed, and announcements of survey availability posted to three major email discussion lists: Medical Library Association (MLA), Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL), and MEDLIB-L. Previous discussions of library building projects on email discussion lists, a literature review, personal communications, and the author's consulting experiences identified additional projects. RESULTS Seventy-eight health sciences library building projects at seventy-three institutions are reported. Twenty-two are newer facilities built within the last ten years; two are space expansions; forty-five are renovation projects; and nine are combinations of new and renovated space. Six institutions report multiple or ongoing renovation projects during the last ten years. CONCLUSIONS The survey results confirm a continuing migration from print-based to digitally based collections and reveal trends in library space design. Some health sciences libraries report loss of space as they move toward creating space for "community" building. Libraries are becoming more proactive in using or retooling space for concentration, collaboration, contemplation, communication, and socialization. All are moving toward a clearer operational vision of the library as the institution's information nexus and not merely as a physical location with print collections.
Prognostic value of p53, Ki-67, microstaging and microvessel density in pT1G3 bladder tumors: Creation of risk groups for progression

Objective. New predictive factors for bladder tumor progression have been analyzed in many publications, often with contradictory results. Very few papers have referred specifically to T1G3 tumors. Our objective was to find new, clinically useful markers which either alone or in association with classical prognostic factors would allow the early selection of the correct therapeutic approach. Material and methods. This was a retrospective study of 83 patients with T1G3 bladder tumors who were initially treated with transurethral resection + bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy, with a minimum follow-up period of 3 years. We analyzed eight variables. New factors considered were: the level of submucosal invasion; microvessel density; and immunostaining for Ki-67 and p53. Independent prognostic variables for progression were established using logistic regression analysis, and risk groups were created from mathematical models. Results. Five variables were determined as unfavorable: tumor multiplicity; tumor size >3 cm; carcinoma in situ; T1b substage; and p53 positivity. The first three factors predicted progression in only 32% of cases, while the addition of the new prognostic factors (T1b substage and p53 positivity) increased this rate to 65%. We established four risk groups, with rates of progression of 67% and 100% in the high-risk and very high-risk groups, respectively. For inclusion in these groups, both new predictive factors had to be unfavorable; if either one were absent then the three classical factors had to be present. Conclusions. Microstaging and p53 positivity have a prognostic value for predicting progression in T1G3 tumors, providing 33% more information than that obtained with classical prognostic factors alone. The application of mathematical models identifies risk groups and allows the use of an early and more aggressive treatment.
Protein C Levels in Infancy and Early Childhood

ABSTRACT. Protein C antigen levels were measured in the plasma of healthy full term infants by electroimmunoassay. During the first three months of life (on day four, at one month, two months and three months of age) protein C antigen levels were compared in breast‐fed and bottle‐fed infants. None of the two groups of infants received vitamin K at birth. Only at the age of three months there was a significant difference between the groups. Unexpectedly infants, who were breast‐fed, had a higher protein C level at three months of age. Levels were also measured in 15 healthy children between one and three years of age. The antigen levels increase with age to reach adult values at about three years of age.
Brain Metabolism and Intracellular pH During Ischaemia and Hypoxia: An In Vivo 31P and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study in the Lamb

Abstract: Brain metabolism and intracellular pH were studied during and after episodes of ischaemia and hypoxia‐ischaemia in lambs anaesthetised with sodium pentobarbitone. 31P and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods were used to monitor brain pHi and brain concentrations of Pi, phosphocreatine (PCr), β‐nucleoside triphosphate (βNTP), and lactate. Simultaneous measurements were made of cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen and glucose consumption. Cerebral ischaemia sufficient to reduce oxygen delivery to 75% of control values was associated with a fall in brain pHi and increase in brain Pi. Progressively severe hypoxia‐ischaemia was associated with a progressive fall in brain pHi, PCr, and βNTP and increase in brain pi In two animals the increase in brain lactate during hypoxia‐ischaemia measured by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) could be quantitatively accounted for by the increased net uptake of glucose by the brain in relation to oxygen, but was insufficient to account for the concomitant aci‐dosis according to previous estimates of brain buffering capacity. In four animals brain pHi, PCr, pi, and βNTP had returned to normal 1 h after the hypoxic‐ischaemic episode. In one animal brain pHi had reverted to normal at a time when 1H NMR indicated persistent elevation of brain lactate.