Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

It is not known how mortality differs between psychopathic and nonpsychopathic individuals. We linked data from subjects having been in forensic mental examinations at Niuvanniemi Hospital during 1984–1993 to the data from the National Death Registry to estimate the association between psychopathy and mortality. One hundred psychopathic individuals scoring 25 or higher in the PCL-R scale were followed up for 20–30 years. Two control groups were used as follows: 178 offenders scoring less than 25 on the PCL-R, and sample of general population drawn from the Finnish National Statistics database. Results reveal that psychopaths die younger than the general population, and the causes of death are more violent than in the nonpsychopath control group. There was a significant positive correlation between PCL-R score and mortality, and the mortality among psychopaths was about fivefold when compared with general population.
On free stable distributions

We investigate analytical properties of free stable distributions and discover many connections with their classical counterparts. Our main result is an explicit formula for the Mellin transform, which leads to explicit series representations for the characteristic function and for the density of a free stable distribution. All of these formulas bear close resemblance to the corresponding expressions for classical stable distributions. As further applications of our results, we give an alternative proof of the duality law due to Biane and a new factorization of a classical stable random variable into an independent (in the classical sense) product of a free stable random variable and a power of a Gamma(2) random variable.
Liver and Biliary Tract Physiology / Pathophysiology WNT-5 A regulates TGF-- related activities in liver fibrosis

Beljaars L, Daliri S, Dijkhuizen C, Poelstra K, Gosens R. WNT-5A regulates TGF-related activities in liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 312: G219–G227, 2017. First published January 5, 2017; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00160. 2016. —WNT-5A is a secreted growth factor that belongs to the noncanonical members of the Wingless-related MMTV-integration family. Previous studies pointed to a connection between WNT-5A and the fibrogenic factor TGFwarranting further studies into the functional role of WNT-5A in liver fibrosis. Therefore, we studied WNT-5A expressions in mouse and human fibrotic livers and examined the relation between WNT-5A and various fibrosis-associated growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins. WNT-5A gene and protein expressions were significantly increased in fibrotic mouse and human livers compared with healthy livers. Regression or therapeutic intervention in mice resulted in decreased hepatic WNT-5A levels paralleled by lower collagen levels. Immunohistochemical analysis showed WNT-5A staining in fibrotic septa colocalizing with desmin staining indicating WNT-5A expression in myofibroblasts. In vitro studies confirmed WNT-5A expression in this cell type and showed that TGFsignificantly enhanced WNT-5A expression in contrast to PDGF-BB and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF. Additionally, TGFinduces the expression of the WNT receptors FZD2 and FZD8. After silencing of WNT-5A, reduced levels of collagen type I, vimentin, and fibronectin in TGF-stimulated myofibroblasts were measured compared with nonsilencing siRNAtreated controls. Interestingly, the antifibrotic cytokine IFN suppressed WNT-5A in vitro and in vivo. IFN -treated fibrotic mice showed significantly less WNT-5A expression compared with untreated fibrotic mice. In conclusion, WNT-5A paralleled collagen I levels in fibrotic mouse and human livers. WNT-5A expression in myofibroblasts is induced by the profibrotic factor TGFand plays an important role in TGF-induced regulation of fibrotic matrix proteins, whereas its expression can be reversed upon treatment, both in vitro and in vivo.
The incorporation of protein-rich legume flours such as gram flour in bakery products like bread and biscuits can attain the goal of protein enrichment (

Protein-enriched cookies were prepared by supplementing gram flour into wheat flour at levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% and analysed for physicochemical properties. The protein quality of the cookies was assessed by feeding gram floursupplemented cookies to albino rats for 10 days. The supplementation resulted in a significant increase in protein, fat, crude fibre and ash contents of the cookies. The thickness and spread factor of cookies differ significantly while non-significant effect was observed in the width of the cookies. The protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization, biological value and true digestibility differed significantly among diets containing cookies with gram flour fed to rats. Cookies with 30% substitution of straight grade flour and gram flour produced acceptable cookies as compared to control. The cookies containing 40–50% gram flour were best regarded as protein bioavailability for rats.
mixed-isotype heterodimer in the pathogenesis of ‘ humanized ’ multiple sclerosis-like disease Running Title : Potential effect on MS from DQA 1 * 01 : 02 ; DRB 1 * 15 : 01

Gene-wide-association and candidate gene studies indicate that the greatest effect on multiple sclerosis (MS) risk is driven by the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele within the HLADR15-haplotype (HLA-DRB1*15:01DQA1*01:02-DQB1*0602-DRB5*01:01). Nevertheless, linkage-disequilibrium makes it difficult to define, without functional studies, whether the functionally relevant effect derives from DRB1*15:01 only, its neighboring DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:02 or DRB5*01:01 genes of HLA-DR15haplotype, or from their combinations or epistatic interactions. Here, we analyzed the impact of the different HLA-DR15haplotype alleles on disease-susceptibility in a new “humanized“ model of MS induced in HLA-transgenic (Tg) mice by human oligodendrocyte-specific protein (OSP)/claudin-11 (hOSP), one of the bone fide potential primary target antigens in MS. We show that the hOSP-associated MS-like disease is dominated by DRB1*15:01 allele not only as the DRA1*01:01;DRB1*15:01 isotypicheterodimer, but also, unexpectedly, as a functional DQA1*01:02;DRB1*15:01 mixed-isotype heterodimer. The contribution of HLA-DQA1/DRB1 mixedisotype heterodimer to OSP-pathogenesis was revealed in (DRB1*1501xDQB1*0602)F1-double-Tg mice immunized with hOSP142-161 peptide, where the encephalitogenic potential of prevalent DRB1*1501/hOSP142-161-reactive Th1/Th17-cells is hindered due to a single amino acid difference in the OSP142-161 region between human and mouse; this impedes binding of DRB1*1501 to mouseOSP142-161 epitope in mouse CNS while exposing functional binding of mouseOSP142-161 to DQA1*01:02;DRB1*15:01mixed-isotype heterodimer. This study, which shows for the first time a functional HLA-DQA1/DRB1 mixed-isotypeheterodimer and its potential association with disease-susceptibility, provides a rationale for potential effect on MS-risk from DQA1*01:02 through functional DQA1*01:02;DRB1*15:01-antigen presentation. Furthermore, it highlights a potential contribution to MS-risk also from interisotypic combination between products of neighboring HLA-DR15-haplotype alleles, in this case the DQA1/DRB1 combination.
Biodegradable waste to biogas: Renewable energy option for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Energy recovery from waste is not a new field of study, but its implementation continues to be a challenge in some Arab countries. Although there is abundance of useful waste in the urban markets, practices aiming at waste to energy conversion are still negligible. In the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, so-called green markets are abundant with renewable energy potential, but the practical implementation of this potential is missing. Therefore the objective of this paper is the evaluation of waste generation in KSA for the energy recovery purpose, and to show that the conversion of green waste into biofuel is not only environmentally friendly but also financially rewarding. Since the result illustrate that the major portion of the waste generated is organic waste, anaerobic digestion is proposed waste to energy technology because of its feasibility for biodegradation of moist organic wastes into biogas. Diversion of waste into biogas and bio-fertilizer will ensure that it is treated in such a way that it becomes a useful product instead of harmful one. Furthermore as the policy makers and planners in renewable energy sector have intended for kingdom of Saudi Arabia to be "kingdom of sustainable energy" as well, hence they are needed to give special attention toward the largest Saudi Arabia's green market and should invest more to implement this plan.
Delivery outcome after trial of labor in nulliparous women over 40 years of age – a population-based study Running title : Trial of labor in women over 40 is worthwhile

This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/aogs.13379 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. DR BO JACOBSSON (Orcid ID : 0000-0001-5079-2374) DR SOPHIA BRISMAR WENDEL (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-9401-8062)
Debra Lynn Sudan Adults and Children With Short Bowel Syndrome Autologous Gastrointestinal Reconstruction : Review of the Optimal Nontransplant Surgical Options for

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) results in loss of absorptive capacity of the development of gut, leading to malabsorption due to protein, energy, fluid, and electrolyte loss and imbalance while on enteral diet alone. Various nonsurgical and surgical therapeutic options that have emerged improve the survival outcome following SBS in both children and adults. An individualized, complex multidisciplinary approach to medical and surgical intestinal rehabilitation is needed to provide an opportunity for enteral autonomy to be possible in a patient with SBS. The remnant bowel plays a very pivotal role in autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction (AGIR) surgery. Intestinal transplantation, although promising and potentially life-saving for SBS, should be reserved for patients with failed AGIR or those who have no prospect for autologous enteral autonomy. This article reviews the evolution of nontransplant surgical management of patients with SBS. (Nutr Clin Pract. 2013;28:65-74)
THE LIMITS OF ECONOMETRICS: NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION IN HILBERT SPACES

We extend Bergstrom's 1985 results on nonparametric (NP) estimation in Hilbert spaces to unbounded sample sets. The motivation is to seek the most general possible framework for econometrics, NP estimation with no a priori assumptions on the functional relations nor on the observed data. In seeking the boundaries of the possible, however, we run against a sharp dividing line, which defines a necessary and sufficient condition for NP estimation. We identify this condition somewhat surprisingly with a classic statistical assumption on the relative likelihood of bounded and unbounded events (DeGroot, 2004). Other equivalent conditions are found in other fields: decision theory and choice under uncertainty (monotone continuity axiom (Arrow, 1970), insensitivity to rare events (Chichilnisky, 2000), and dynamic growth models (dictatorship of the present; Chichilnisky, 1996). When the crucial condition works, NP estimation can be extended to the sample space R+. Otherwise the estimators, which are based on Fourier coefficients, do not converge: the underlying distributions are shown to have “heavy tails” and to contain purely finitely additive measures. Purely finitely additive measures are not constructible, and their existence has been shown to be equivalent to the axiom of choice in mathematics. Statistics and econometrics involving purely finitely additive measures are still open issues, which suggests the current limits of econometrics.
Computer simulation of the thermodynamics of the B → Z-DNA transition: effect of the ionic size and charge

The B- to Z-DNA transition free energy as a function of the size and charge of added ions is investigated by Monte Carlo simulation for simple grooved B- and Z-DNA models. It is shown that the electrostatic contribution to the free energy depends almost linearly on the logarithm of the salt concentration for all the systems. The effect of increasing the size of the ions is to make the curves steeper, although its influence on the transition midpoint is more complex. Divalent cations markedly reduce both the slope and the transition midpoint with respect to monovalent ions. These conclusions are in agreement with the experimental findings. The effect of increasing the charge of the anions—not yet experimentally studied—is less pronounced.
Prioritizing of Six Sigma project selection : a resource-based view and institutional norms perspective

Purpose – With increasing choice from a range of programs, improvement project selection within broader supply chain context and resource constraints has become a major research challenge. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the different criteria for selecting Six-Sigma (SS) projects based on previous studies. The study is supported by two grounded theories: resource-based view and institutional norms. The criteria include: first, business drivers for improvement and the common performance metrics deployed; second, the organization’s stakeholders needs; and third, process owner’s needs. Design/methodology/approach – To determine the relative importance of influencing factors, opinions were collected from 30 experienced practitioners including SS champions/master black-belts, company directors, consultants, and process owners through a series of interviews in small, medium, and large organizations including multi-national organizations. The evaluation of criteria is based on analytical hierarchy process. Findings – The results show that impact on customer, financial impacts, and impact on operational goals are the most significant factors in selecting SS improvement project. Originality/value – This study is a first attempt to determine the relative weight among SS project selection criteria, which help the practitioner to allocate their limited resources in implementing SS project.
Labour Supply of Married Women in Poland

In this paper, the labour supply of married women in Poland is studied using the . Polish Labour Force Survey of February 1993 on three competing econometric models, viz. Tobit, Three Regime Tobit and Heckit. It is shown that the choice of model has an influence on conclusions drawn. In particular, the Tobit model which has been widely applied in empirical labour supply analysis turns out to be a strikingly bad predictor. Further, there is disagreement between the models regarding the wage elasticity of hours supplied. The preferred model for predicting hours of work is the Heckit model. This shows that an increase in the wage rate will induce employees to reduce their number of hours worked. On the other hand, more women will join the labour market after a rise in the wage. The regression models support the common view that young wives, those who have been unemployed before, or those who have low educational attainments are ceteris paribus much more excluded from effective labour supply than the average person. In addition, wives with young children tend to have both lower participation rates and work shorter hours. The exclusion of a large part of especially the young female population from the labour market may have serious economic costs to Poland because part of its potentially most dynamic human capital is left untrained and unemployed. Acknowledgements: I would like to express my thanks to Kevin Lee, Queens' College and Department of Applied Economics, Cambridge University, and Viktor Steiner, Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, for helpful suggestions on this paper. Many thanks also to Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, University of Lodz, for help with language and data problems.
Leaf Photosynthetic Responses to Thinning

Plants, as sessile organisms living in a changing light environment, exhibit a remarkable capacity to adjust their morphology and physiology to a particular set of light conditions by acclimation or, more broadly, phenotypic plasticity (Oguchi et al., 2005). Many studies have documented remarkable light-driven structural and functional modifications, with responses occurring from the level of the chloroplast to the whole plant. For instance, plants are able to adjust leaf area per unit biomass invested in leaves (i.e., specific leaf area) by altering leaf thickness (Niinemets, 1999). A linear relationship has been observed between growth irradiance and the reciprocal of specific leaf area between species, within species grown in different habitats and within individual tree crowns (Bond et al., 1999; Han et al., 2003). Photosynthetic capacity, measured in the form of either light saturated photosynthetic rate or the maximum rate of carboxylation, also varies according to growth irradiance. Nitrogen, another key resource involved in the process of carbon fixation, plays an important role in the dynamics of the leaf canopy (Hikosaka, 2004; 2005). A linear relationship between photosynthetic capacity and leaf nitrogen concentration has been found in various species and canopies (Bond et al., 1999; Brooks et al., 1996; Han et al., 2004; Wilson et al., 2000); this is because of the large amount of nitrogen in the photosynthetic machinery (Evans & Seemann, 1989). In addition, fractional nitrogen within the leaf photosynthetic apparatus responds to changes in light and nitrogen availability. For example, the proportion of total leaf nitrogen partitioned into light harvesting proteins has been found to be higher in the lower crowns of deciduous broadleaf trees (Koike et al., 2001). Moreover, the proportion of total leaf nitrogen partitioned into ribulose-1,5bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (a key enzyme for carbon fixation) has been found to be higher at increased light levels in Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Grassi & Bagnaresi, 2001). These structural and functional responses enhance light capture, resource use and the photosynthetic efficiency of the whole tree crown, thus increasing plant performance and productivity. Thinning, a common forest management practice used to reduce stand density, has been employed to enhance wood quality, for successive harvesting and to increase stand productivity (Cutini, 2001; Fujimori, 2001; Munoz et al., 2008; Skovsgaard, 2009). Although the basic theory of the relationship between stand density and plant growth was developed in the early 1960s, the physiological mechanisms behind this traditional forest management practice are not well understood. At present, only 14 references with the words “thinning” and “photosynthesis” or “physiology” in the title can be found in the ISI Web of Science.
A COMPARISON OF EDUCATIONAL MISMATCHES ACROSS EUROPE

A COMPARISON OF EDUCATIONAL MISMATCHES ACROSS EUROPE Kateřina Maršíková, Václav Urbánek Research undertaken during the last few years illustrates a major mismatch between educational systems worldwide and occupations in the labour market. The literature focuses both on educational and job mismatches however the aim of this paper is to compare only the situation concerning educational mismatches. For the aim of this paper, two large sets of international data were chosen to show effects of educational mismatch. In the fi rst part, selected results of PIAAC survey are presented. In the analytical part, data from European Social Survey ESS5 collected in the years 2010 and 2011 in selected EU countries were used. The fi rst part of the paper provides a literature background presented so far (e.g. Dolton, Galasi, Hartog, Chevalier, Levels, and McGuinness etc.) as well as methods used to identify this mismatch both by employers and employees. The European Social Survey data were used for modifi ed Mincer’s earnings equation in the second part of the paper and regression estimates proved that overeducation is a very important issue in all developed countries. The results also introduce data on returns on investment in education based on the human capital theory which helps to explain overeducation and undereducation differences in earnings taking into account different circumstances as e.g. variation in informal human capital and skill of workers, their abilities acquired in on-the-job training and also other overeducation and undereducation considered as a temporary phenomenon. It is a great challenge to the relevance of more investment in education. Even though the current situation in educational policies supports an increasing number of university graduates, both the graduates and employers have to face a misbalance on the labour market and lower individual satisfaction. The results confi rm the fi ndings of some of previous studies and offer a platform for further discussion of educational mismatch across Europe.
Effects of coil orientation on the electric field induced by TMS over the hand motor area

Objective. While ultrasound is largely established for use in diagnostic imaging, its application for neuromodulation is relatively new and crudely understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of tissue properties and geometry on the wave propagation and heating in the context of transcranial neuromodulation. Approach. A computational model of transcranial-focused ultrasound was constructed and validated against empirical data. The models were then incrementally extended to investigate a number of issues related to the use of ultrasound for neuromodulation, including the effect on wave propagation of variations in geometry of skull and gyral anatomy as well as the effect of multiple tissue and media layers, including scalp, skull, CSF, and gray/white matter. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was run to characterize the influence of acoustic properties of intracranial tissues. Finally, the heating associated with ultrasonic stimulation waveforms designed for neuromodulation was modeled. Main results. The wave propagation of a transcranially focused ultrasound beam is significantly influenced by the cranial domain. The half maximum acoustic beam intensity profiles are insensitive overall to small changes in material properties, though the inclusion of sulci in models results in greater peak intensity values compared to a model without sulci (1%–30% greater). Finally, heating using currently employed stimulation parameters in humans is highest in bone (0.16 °C) and is negligible in brain (4.27× 10 °C) for a 0.5 s exposure. Significance. Ultrasound for noninvasive neuromodulation holds great promise and appeal for its noninvasiveness, high spatial resolution and deep focal lengths. Here we show gross brain anatomy and biological material properties to have limited effect on ultrasound wave propagation and to result in safe heating levels in the skull and brain.