Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aortitis caused by beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae type b.

A 75 year old man was admitted with a 12 month history of angina on exertion, and a one month history ofbilateral shoulder pains and epigastric discomfort not relieved by antacid. He had been treated for hypertension for 10 years and had smoked 20 cigarettes a day for 50 years. On examination his blood pressure was 160/90 mmHg and the only abnormal finding was mild epigastric tenderness. Initial investigations showed a white cell count of 18-4 x 106/I and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 125 mm in the first hour. During the next three days his temperature reached 37 5°C and he complained of chest discomfort despite antianginal treatment. A chest x-ray picture was normal and blood cultures were not done. A computed tomography scan of abdomen and thorax and an Indium-l 1 labelled white cell scintogram were normal. Immunoglobulin concentrations were: IgM less than 0 3 g/l (normal range 0-4-22), IgG 8-8 g/1(6-13), and IgA 3 9 g/1(0-8-3-7). In view ofhis prominent shoulder girdle myalgia a presumptive diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica was made and prednisolone 60 mg a day was started. The temperature and pain settled and he was discharged home. When seen in the outpatient department after three weeks he was still complaining of shoulder aches, his white cell count was 12-8 x 1061, and his ESR was 60 mm in the first hour. Prednisolone was continued at 30 mg a day. He was readmitted three months later complaining of severe abdominal pain with radiation to his back. He had a fever of 37 5°C and was tender in the epigastrium and lower abdomen. Four out of five sets of blood cultures grew P-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae capsular type b after 24 hours' incubation. The minimum inhibitory concentration of cefotaxime was less than 0-3 mg/l. An echocardiogram showed normal valves but a presumptive diagnosis of infective endocarditis was made Microphotograph ofouter part ofaneurysm wall showing dense polymorph infiltrate (i) which is spreading into adjacentfatty tissue (f). (Haematoxylin and eosin.)
Improving Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylaxis With Mechanical Modalities in Surgical Intensive Care Unit

Deep vein thrombosis remains a source of adverse outcomes in surgical patients. Deep vein thrombosis is preventable with prophylactic intervention. The success of noninvasive mechanical modalities for prophylaxis relies on compliance with correct application. The goals of this project were to create a guideline that reflected current evidence and expert thinking about mechanical modalities use, assess compliance with mechanical modalities, and develop strategies to disseminate an evidence-based guideline for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis.
Anal Carcinoma: Prognostic Value of Endorectal Ultrasound (ERUS). Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The classification of anal carcinoma is based on the clinical examination and the estimation of the tumor height (Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) 1987 Classification). This classification has a direct therapeutic application since tumors which are designated T1 and T2 are generally treated by radiotherapy whereas T3, T4 or N+ lesions are treated by concomitant radiation and chemotherapy. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to evaluate endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) and to define an ERUS-based classification. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 1994 and May 1997, 146 patients (42 men and 104 women; mean age, 63) from eight different centers were studied prospectively. The ERUS classification incorporates disease of the anal canal and the perirectal lymph nodes, thus: usT1 describes involvement of the mucosa and submucosa with sparing of the internal sphincter; usT2, involvement of the internal sphincter with sparing of the external sphincter; usT3, involvement of the external sphincter; usT4, involvement of a pelvic organ; N0 describes no suspicious perirectal lymph nodes, and N+, perirectal lymph nodes fulfilling endosonographic criteria for malignancy (e.g. round, hypoechoic). Tumors classified as UICC T1-T2 (<4cm) N0 were treated by radiotherapy alone, whereas lesions with a UICC classification of T2 (> 4 cm), T3-T4, N0-N1-2-3 received combined radiochemotherapy. RESULTS Data concerning the treatment and follow-up were available for 115/146 patients (78.7%). We compared the prognostic importance of the two classification schemes for treatment response and the rate of local relapse (chi-squared test). A significantly greater proportion of T1-T2N0 lesions classified by ERUS had a complete response to treatment than those classified by conventional UICC staging (94.5% vs. 80%, respectively; P = 0.008). The ERUS T and N stage were significant predictors of relapse (P=0.001 and P=0.03, respectively) whereas the corresponding clinical (UICC) stages were not (P = 0.4 and P = 0.5, respectively). Using a Cox model, usT stage was the only significant predictive factor for patient survival. CONCLUSION This muticenter prospective study demonstrated the superiority of ERUS-based staging over traditional clinical staging in the prediction of important outcomes such as local tumor recurrence and patient survival.
Delayed egg production and a possible group effect in the blowfly
 Calliphora vicina

Abstract.Protein‐fed Calliphora vicina, F1 offspring of wild flies in two cages with lower and higher fly densities showed variable delay in starting oocyte vitellogenesis at ambient semi‐natural temperatures in warm July–August weather in 1996 and 1997 at Durham in northern England (54°45′ N). The high‐density flies in 1996 showed no delay, in that the thermal sum (degree‐days) experienced was 133, comparable to 18°C constant, assuming the lower threshold for egg maturation to be 5°C. Low‐density cages and flies in a large outdoor cage (2 m3) in both years showed delays in production of first eggs of 34 days (thermal sum 293 degree‐days) in 1996 and 32 days (396 degree‐days) in 1997, and longer delays for other individuals. Delays in egg production at low densities relative to high densities seem to be a group effect of unknown mechanism.
Hierarchies, similarity, and interactivity in object recognition: “Category-specific” neuropsychological deficits

Category-specific impairments of object recognition and naming are among the most intriguing disorders in neuropsychology, affecting the retrieval of knowledge about either living or nonliving things. They can give us insight into the nature of our representations of objects: Have we evolved different neural systems for recognizing different categories of object? What kinds of knowledge are important for recognizing particular objects? How does visual similarity within a category influence object recognition and representation? What is the nature of our semantic knowledge about different objects? We review the evidence on category-specific impairments, arguing that deficits even for one class of object (e.g., living things) cannot be accounted for in terms of a single information processing disorder across all patients; problems arise at contrasting loci in different patients. The same apparent pattern of impairment can be produced by damage to different loci. According to a new processing framework for object recognition and naming, the hierarchical interactive theory (HIT), we have a hierarchy of highly interactive stored representations. HIT explains the variety of patients in terms of (1) lesions at different levels of processing and (2) different forms of stored knowledge used both for particular tasks and for particular categories of object.
Determinants of Micro and Small Enterprises Growth: The Case of Durame Town, Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Nations and Nationalities and Peoples Region, Ethiopia, 2016

This study was conducted in Durame Town, KembataTemaro zone, Southern Ethiopia. The objective of the study is to find out factors that determine growth of Micro and Small Enterprises and to assess current status of Micro and Small Enterprises in terms of employment and capital growth. Out of 148 Micro and Small Enterprises in the study area, 100 Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) were selected as a sample using stratified and simple random sampling technique. They were stratified based on the sector they are operating. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools including mean, percentage and standard deviation. The binary logit model was applied to identify determinants of MSEs growth. The study used employment and capital as growth indicators. Growth rate for the two indicators was computed by the change of natural logarithm of employment or capita over the life of enterprise. After calculating growth rate, Micro and Small Enterprises were grouped into two categories growing and non growing. Micro and Small Enterprises which had growth rate < 0 categorized into non growing and Micro and Small Enterprises which had growth rate ≥ 0.The finding of the study shows that out of the total sample 40% of Micro and Small Enterprises are growing and 60% of Micro and Small Enterprises are non growing in terms of employment. In terms of capital 69% of Micro and Small Enterprises are growing and 31% are non growing. The model result indicated that out of 19 explanatory variables, 10 variables were found to be significant in determining Micro and Small Enterprises growth. Factors found to be significant for employment growth were: entrepreneurship training, location of enterprise, motivation of owner, market linkage, access to finance, access to water. Factors found to be significantly influencing capital growth were: education level of owner, motivation of owner, number of owners, initial employment size, social network. Hence, government and non-government organizations that are concerned with the promotion and development of MSEs need to take these factors in to account to accomplish better result and increase the potential contribution of MSEs to the economic growth.
Screening for Hemochromatosis: High Prevalence and Low Morbidity in an Unselected Population of 65,238 Persons

Background: Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common genetic disease leading to accumulation of iron in several organs, most notably the liver. The C282Y/C282Y mutation in the HFE gene is found in most cases. In order to prevent clinical disease and to study the cost and feasibility of screening, a large population was screened. Methods: In a Norwegian county, all inhabitants 20 years or older were invited to participate in a population-based health survey programme. Screening for HH was one of several subprojects. Blood samples were obtained from 65,238 persons. Subjects with high serum transferrin saturation in two tests and high serum ferritin were clinically evaluated for HH. All subjects with high serum transferrin saturation in two tests were offered genotyping. Results: HH was newly diagnosed in 92 women and 177 men. Phlebotomy treatment was performed in 64 women and 152 men. Severe organ damage (liver cirrhosis) was ascertained in only 4 men. We found no correlation between serum ferritin and age. The estimated cost was US$ 1.6 per subject screened and US$ 390 per newly discovered HH subject. The estimated prevalence of phenotypical HH not previously known was 0.34% in women and 0.68% in men. The prevalence of the C282Y/C282Y mutation was at least 0.68%. Conclusion: Large-scale screening for HH can be performed at a relatively low cost if combined with a health survey programme. The yield in terms of newly discovered cases is considerable, but few cases were found seriously ill. Better knowledge of the natural course of HH is necessary if we are to be able to estimate the cost-effectiveness of large-scale screening.
Unilateral Dermis‐Fat Graft Implantation in the Pediatric Orbit

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the dermisfat graft (DFG) as an orbital implant in the pediatric age group. A retrospective study was made of a series of 16 patients who had undergone unilateral orbital implantation of a DFG. The ages of the patients at the time of surgery ranged from 2 months to 17 years, with followup ranging from 2 to 15 years. Growth of the graft was clinically apparent in the younger children. Increasing proptosis required surgical debulking of the graft in six of eight children who were 4 years old or younger at the time of DFG implantation. None of the eight children who were 9 years or older at the time of DFG implantation required surgical debulking. Indeed, five of the older patients demonstrated some degree of graft atrophy. Dermis-fat grafts placed in the orbits of young children appear to grow after implantation. This growth of the implant may help stimulate orbital growth, potentially leading to more symmetry between the involved and uninvolved sides.
Meta‐analysis of neutralizing antibody conversion with onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX®) across multiple indications

This meta‐analysis evaluated the frequency of neutralizing antibody (nAb) conversion with onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX®; Allergan) across five studied indications. The analysis was based on large, controlled or prospective, open‐label trials (durations 4 months to ≥2 years). Serum samples were analyzed for nAbs using the Mouse Protection Assay. Subjects who were antibody negative at baseline and had at least one analyzable postbaseline antibody assay result were included. The 16 clinical studies included 3,006 subjects; of these, 2,240 met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Subjects received 1–15 treatments (mean 3.8 treatments) with onabotulinumtoxinA. Total doses per treatment cycle ranged from 10 or 20 units in glabellar lines to 20–500 units in cervical dystonia. The numbers of subjects who converted from an antibody‐negative status at baseline to antibody‐positive status at any post‐treatment time point were: cervical dystonia 4/312 (1.28%), glabellar lines 2/718 (0.28%), overactive bladder 0/22 (0%), post‐stroke spasticity 1/317 (0.32%), and primary axillary hyperhidrosis 4/871 (0.46%). Across all indications, 11/2,240 subjects (0.49%) converted from antibody negative at baseline to positive at one or more post‐treatment time points, but only three subjects became clinically unresponsive to onabotulinumtoxinA at some point following a positive assay. Based on these large trials, the frequency of antibody conversion after onabotulinumtoxinA treatment is very low, and infrequently leads to loss of efficacy. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Transient neurological attacks in the general population. Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical relevance.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with typical transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) have a higher risk of stroke but a lower risk of cardiac events than patients with nonspecific transient neurological symptoms. We assessed the prevalences of typical TIAs and nonspecific transient neurological attacks (TNAs) and their determinants in the general population because such data are virtually absent. METHODS The Rotterdam Study is a population-based cohort study of 7983 subjects, aged 55 years and over, conducted in a district of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. At baseline examination, a history of episodes of disturbances in sensibility, strength, speech, and vision that lasted less than 24 hours and occurred within the preceding 3 years was determined by a trained physician. When such a history was present, information on time of onset, duration, and disappearance of symptoms and a detailed description of the symptoms (in ordinary language) were obtained. Subjects were classified by a neurologist as typical TIA or nonspecific TNA. RESULTS Prevalence of TNAs was 1.9% in subjects aged 55 to 64 years, 3.5% in subjects aged 65 to 74 years, 4.3% in subjects aged 75 to 84 years, and 5.1% in subjects aged 85 years or over. Prevalence figures for typical TIA were 0.9%, 1.7%, 2.3%, and 2.2% and for nonspecific TNA 1.0%, 1.8%, 2.0%, and 2.9%, respectively. Clinical parameters such as number of attacks, onset, duration, and disappearance of symptoms were similar for typical TIA and nonspecific TNA. Increased age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, low HDL cholesterol, Q-wave myocardial infarction on electrocardiogram, and carotid atherosclerosis were related to typical TIA, whereas increased age, hypertension, low HDL cholesterol, smoking, and angina pectoris were associated with nonspecific TNA. CONCLUSIONS About half of the subjects with a TNA had symptoms that were not entirely typical for a TIA. Differences in associations with risk factors between typical TIA and nonspecific TNA point toward different underlying mechanisms of symptoms and may lead to different ancillary investigations and possibly treatment.
Understanding international exit from a non-economic and emotional perspective : the case of Taiwanese entrepreneurs exit China

IV Chapter 1 : Introduction . 1 1.1 Subject of thesis . 2 1.2 Research context: Taiwanese entrepreneurs invested in China . 3 1.2.1 Taiwanese Entrepreneurs’ Outward Investment Trend . 4 1.2.2 Review of the internationalization processentry and exit . 13 1.3 Research motivation and pilot study . 17 1.4 Research questions . 18 1.5 Research significance: Why this thesis? 19 1.5. 1 Current understanding of international exit . 19 1.5. 2 Theoretical challenges: needs to focusing on individual level analysis and emerging economies . 21 1.5. 3 The role of entrepreneurs’ non-economic variables in international exit decisions. 24 1.6 Research process and summary of method . 25 1.7 Definition of key concepts . 27 1.8 Structure of the thesis . 28 Chapter 2 : Understanding international exitAn International Business perspective . 32 2.1 Theories and Concepts of Internationalization . 33 2.1.1 Internationalization: Rational Perspective . 33 2.1.2 Internationalization: the behavioural turn . 35 2.1.3 Identifying research gaps from the development of internationalization theories . 39 2.2 Internationalization and International Exit . 41 2.2.1 Defining International exit . 43 2.2.2 International exit: Developed and developing countries . 51 2.3 International Exit: International Business perspective . 56
Fine needle aspiration for evaluation of breast masses

Purpose of review Fine needle aspiration has been used for many years as a diagnostic tool for breast lesions, with high sensitivity and specificity. There is controversy as to whether this technique should be replaced by other diagnostic procedures such as core biopsy. This review aims to re-evaluate the usefulness of breast fine needle aspiration. Recent findings During the past 10 years many institutions have replaced fine needle aspiration by core biopsy and related techniques such as vacuum-assisted core biopsy and advanced breast biopsy instrument action. Other institutions continue to use fine needle aspiration as a first line of investigation for breast lesions. This technique is especially useful in radiologically benign lesions and when combined with image guidance. The use of the ‘triple test’ (combined cytologic, clinical and radiologic findings) decreases false-negative and false-positive results. Summary Fine needle aspiration continues to be an acceptable and reliable procedure for the preoperative diagnosis of breast lesions, particularly in developing countries, and when used as part of the ‘triple test’. Accurate diagnosis requires experience in both aspiration technique and specimen interpretation. Clinicians should be mindful of the limitations of the technique. The choice between fine needle aspiration and core biopsy should be individualized for the patient.
Approaches to Learning in Statistics

In the last decade, Australian higher education institutions have become a destination for many international students, mainly from South East Asia. If their educational culture is quite different to the Australian educational culture, then their approaches to learning might be different to that of local students. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the approaches to learning of students in statistics units and relate these to background variables such as country of origin, gender and work commitments. This study is significant because there are many international students at Macquarie University and no data of this type has been collected for our students in the past. Our analyses showed that there were no significant differences in the approaches to learning of local and international; and male and female students; however, we found a significant difference between undergraduate and postgraduate students, with postgraduates more likely to adopt deep strategies to learning.
Intellectual capital and organizational ambidexterity in Chinese and Irish professional service firms

Purpose – Organizational ambidexterity enables firm to simultaneously exploit existing resources and explore new resources. It is associated with high levels of organizational performance. The purpose of this paper is to identify key internal management resources which contribute to building organizational ambidexterity. In particular, this study examines the impact of intellectual capital, i.e. human, social, and organizational capital, on organizational ambidexterity which in turn influences firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – The research was conducted within the context of professional service firms due to the importance of intellectual capital and organizational ambidexterity. Data were collected from 112 Chinese (cross-sectional design) and 93 Irish accounting firms (time-lagged design). Findings – Results provide support for the linkage of intellectual capital to organizational ambidexterity and firm performance. Interestingly, findings are mixed regarding the impact of the three types .
Occurrence Rate of Oral Candida Species in Edentulous Denture Wearers Dentate Subjects

Background and Aims: Different Candida species, especially Candida albicans have been known as part of human oral cavity normal flora. Changes in the oral environment resulting from tooth loss or denture application can affect oral microflora. The general purpose of the current study was to determine Candida species occurrence rate in the oral cavity of denture wearer patients in comparison with those without denture. Materials and Methods: A total 30 edentulous elderly with complete removable denture and 30 dentulous elderly people, who had been admitted for non-prosthetic treatments, were randomly selected in Yazd dentistry department. Their oral rinse samples were collected for mycological examination, and cultured on CHROMagar Candida plates. Frequency and density of Candida species isolated from both groups were compared using SPSS software with T-test, and differences were considered significant at p<0.05. Results: Oral Candida species were isolated from 63.3% of edentulous people with dentures in comparison with 33.3% dentulous elderly persons (p=0.001). Nonalbicans Candida species were isolated more frequently in denture wearers compared with the dentulous group (p=0.03). There was no significant difference between both groups in case of Candida albicans isolation (p=0.09). Conclusion: The findings of the current study show that long-term use of dentures in edentulous denture users can result in a wide Candida species colonization, causing denture stomatitis.