Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On harmonics from a power transformer used in the excitation circuit of a power group

One presents some aspects related to the behavior of a three-phase power transformer used in the excitation circuit of a power group. The excitation transformer is directly supplied from the three-phase generator terminals. It supplies a fully controlled rectifier with thyristors, through which the main generator's excitation winding is supplied. The currents flowing through the primary and secondary windings of the excitation transformer are recorded. The data acquisition systems used during the recording process were especially designed and realized for this application. Using an original software, the recorded waveforms for currents and voltages were processed. The significant harmonic distortion from the transformer's primary and secondary winding proves their significant distorting regime, that affects their lifetime.
Uncertainty, Heterogeneous Beliefs, and Business Cycles: Macro and Micro Evidence

This paper provides empirical evidence both at the aggregate and the micro level to demonstrate that the survey-based forecast dispersion series helps identify a different type of second moment shocks, which affect the distribution of firms’ beliefs regardless of whether those beliefs are backed by economic fundamentals. Having jointly identified the “informational disagreement shocks” and the standard uncertainty shocks, innovations that enlarge the forecast dispersion lead to a persistent decline in aggregate investment, employment, and production followed by a slow recovery. Conversely, when the uncertainty is measured by the variability of future firm-specific productivity innovations, the classic “wait and see” effect of uncertainty kicks in such that a quick “rebound-overshoot” ensuing a short-run contraction. Firm-level evidence suggests that those more productive firms increase the investments given larger uncertainty, whereas the investments are cut when they hold more heterogeneous beliefs about future business well-beings. Thus, the heightened uncertainty promotes while rises in the belief heterogeneity hinders the capital reallocation among firms. The results hold with the endogeneity issue corrected with instruments constructed from the USPTO patent data. Identifying the informational second moment shocks implies that a slow recovery does not have to be a result of the combined adverse first moment and second moment shocks that shift the economic fundamentals.
Thermodynamics and the Sustainability of Cities

Cities interact with and rely on energy in complex ways. Fundamentally cities rely upon high quality energy and outputs of low quality for their very existence. The energy flows and transformations enabling cities are tied to physical limits imposed by thermodynamics. Understanding of these limits and the relationships among energy and cities, it is revealed herein, is of vital importance to the sustainability of cities. Four contributions to this understanding are provided. The first articulates how the thermodynamic forces driving cities, together with the dynamic environment within which cities reside, stipulates what type of activities within cities are sustainable. Second, a model depicting the scaling relationship between urban energy use and economic output is devised, and it’s fit to historical data demonstrated via nonlinear regression. By differentiating between energy used to grow and energy used to maintain economic output the model illustrates how reductions in these values on a per dollar basis abets growth while the reverse delays growth, or stops it altogether when energy needs for maintenance become too high. Third, an exergy network conceptualization of cities is developed that reveals the structure of the exergy flows in a city. The topology of the network drastically alters the city’s ability to maximize usefulness of imported energy as well as alter that variability in the amount of
Selection and characterization of a glucokinase-deficient mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila

We have isolated a mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila that is resistant to inhibition of growth by the glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose. The mutant exhibits a deficiency in a cytoplasmic glucokinase. This enzymatic defect and the attendant inability to convert 2-deoxyglucose to toxic phosphorylated derivatives is apparently the sole basis for the mutant phenotype since transport of glucose and 2-deoxyglucose is unimpaired; there is no elevation of glucose-6-phosphatase activity, which could decrease the level of toxic 2-deoxyglucose metabolites. Genetic analyses have shown that the mutant allele is recessive and inherited as a single Mendelian mutation. The glucokinase-deficient strain described here is useful for the selection of other mutants in this organism and for the investigation of various cellular processes initiated or modulated by glucose and its analogs. We have exploited the molecular defect in this strain to investigate the initial steps in the cyclic AMP-mediated repression of galactokinase gene expression which is caused by glucose.
Subprime Mortgages and Banking in a DSGE Model

Can a DSGE model replicate the financial crisis effects without assuming unprecedented and implausibly large shocks? Starting from the assumption that the subprime crisis triggered the financial crisis, we introduce balance-sheet effects for housing market borrowers and for commercial banks in an otherwise standard DSGE model. Our crisis experiment is initiated by a shock to subprime lending risk, which is calibrated to match the observed increase in subprime delinquency rates. Due to contagion of prime borrowers and to the ensuing adverse effect on banks balance sheets, this apparently small shock is sufficient to trigger a decline in housing investment comparable to what was observed during the financial crisis. The adverse effect of subprimers risk on commercial banks' agency problem is a crucial driver of our results.
Nano-ropinirole for the management of Parkinsonism: blood–brain pharmacokinetics and carrier localization

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the brain targeting potential of chitosan-coated oil in water nanoemulsions (CSNEROP) delivered intranasally in haloperidol-induced Parkinson's disease rat models. Methods: Chitosan-coated nanoemulsion (CSNEROP) was developed through aqueous titration followed by a high pressure homogenization method. Results: Gamma-scintigraphy study showed a significantly high mucoadhesive potential of CSNEROP and least for conventional and homogenized formulations. Confocal study showed deep localization of formulations in the brain confirming the permeation potential of CSNEROP. Pharmacokinetic results of CSNEROP in Wistar rat brain and plasma showed a significantly high (p** < 0.005) AUC0→24 and amplified Cmax over i.v treatment group. Neurobehavioral activity (rotarod and swim tests) and biochemical parameters (glutathion, TBARS and SOD) corroborated well with the pharmacokinetic results. The order of dopamine recovery in haloperidol-induced Wistar rats was found to be i.nCSNEROP group>i.nSolnROP group>i.vSolnROP group>haloperidol group. Conclusions: Finally, the investigation demonstrated that intranasal delivery of mucoadhesive nanocarrier might play as a potential candidate in the management of Parkinson's disease and related brain disorders.
The Economics of Sovereign Debt

This expansive collection contains more than one hundred of the very best and most influential scholarly articles on the sovereign debt of central governments around the world. It features discussions of the debt of many emerging nations as well as the largest sovereign debtors in the world. Collectively, these articles provide a thorough understanding of sovereign debt as seen by the best economists from around the world. The extensive and in-depth introductory chapter also discusses each of the articles individually. This collection is an essential tool to libraries, academic institutions, economic scholars and students alike.
What's for Sale at Canadian Universities? A Mixed‐Methods Analysis of Promotional Strategies

The current fiscal environment has driven Canadian universities to become more entrepreneurial, seeking out and competing over new sources of funding. Despite such intensifying competition, little effort has been made to document the promotional tactics that Canadian universities are using to render themselves appealing to external audiences. This study examines the contents of the home pages of English-speaking universities in Canada. It finds that, though there are some differences in the tactics that primarily undergraduate and research-intensive universities employ, both generally strive to emulate the same institutional ‘template’. Moreover, the usage of more unorthodox promotional tactics, drawing on labour market rhetoric or discourses of inclusivity, is limited. These findings are theorised in relation to contemporary work within organisational sociology and strategic management.
Patients above Sixty Years Lymphoma Treated with a New Strategy of Age with Hodgkin's

In the Swedish National Care Programme for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) a less intensive chemotherapy regimen with individualized dosing (LVPP/OEPA) was introduced in 1989. In total, 139 patients, 77 between 1985 and 1988 and 62 between 1989 and 1992, were studied. Mean ages were 72 and 71 years, respectively. One hundred and nineteen patients were treated with curative intention, 63 (82%) between 1985 and 1988 vs. 56 (90%) between 1989 and 1992 (p=0.11). All patients (13 vs. 20) treated with radiotherapy only achieved a complete remission (CR). The CR rates (67% vs. 65%) for patients treated with 6-8 cycles of chemotherapy were also similar in the two time periods. The 5-year survival rate was 45% in the period 1985-1988 and 48% in 1989-1992. The survival of elderly HL patients was thus not improved from 1985-1988 to 1989-1992. Thus efforts to improve the chemotherapy regimen with individualized dosing did not change the outcome. Many patients experienced myelosuppression and opportunistic infections that may have contributed to the poor treatment results.
Long Run Growth of Financial Technology

In most sectors, technological progress boosts efficiency. But financial technology and the associated data-intensive trading strategies have been blamed for market inefficiency. A key cause for concern is that better technology might induce traders to extract other's information from order flow data mining, rather than produce information themselves. Defenders of these new trading strategies argue that they provide liquidity by identifying uninformed orders and taking the other side of their trades. We adopt the lens of long-run growth to understand how improvements in financial technology shape information choices, trading strategies and market efficiency, as measured by price informativeness and market liquidity. We find that unbiased technological change can explain a market-wide shift in data collection and trading strategies. But our findings also cast doubt on common wisdom. First, although extracting information from order flow does crowd out production of fundamental information, this does not compromise price informativeness. Second, although taking the opposite side of uninformed trades is typically called "providing liquidity," the rise of such trading strategies does not necessarily improve liquidity in the market as a whole.
Nurse Practitioner Mental Health Care in the Primary Context: A Californian Case Study

In America, mental health needs surpass the availability of specialized providers. This vulnerable population also has other obstacles for comprehensive care including gaps in medical coverage, stigma, economic barriers, and a geographical mal-distribution of qualified mental health professionals. A wide availability of primary care providers, including primary care and family nurse practitioners, are well-positioned to deliver integrated mental and physical health care. A case study from a Southern California Coachella Valley primary care clinic with integrated services is used to demonstrate the much-needed approach of care to address health disparities that face low-income immigrants, migrant workers, and others without access to specialized care centers and providers. It is argued that mental health care should be part of all holistic treatment provided by primary care and family nurse practitioners. This has implications for curricula and practice development.
Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)–conditioned DC Preferentially Stimulate Type-1 and Limit Treg-type In Vitro T-cell Responses From RCC Patients

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen presenting cells and represent attractive candidates for use in novel immunotherapies for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a disease that has proven refractory to conventional treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Given the perceived need to augment antitumor type-1 immunity (TC1 and Th1) as a therapeutic end point, and the known functional plasticity of DC populations that may display heterogeneous capacity to promote T-cell responses, we sought to identify a preferred DC preparation with this capacity. We compared 2 different preparations of monocyte-derived DC using interferon-alpha (IFN-α) (IFN-DC and αDC1) with classic DCs “matured” (mDCs) using interleukin-1β/interleukin-6/tumor necrosis factor-α/prostaglandin E2, for their ability to promote autologous TC1 antitumor responses from RCC patients in vitro. IFN-α–conditioned DC promoted significantly higher numbers of RCC-specific CD8+ T cells exhibiting a cytotoxic phenotype after in vitro stimulation (IVS) than cytokine cocktail-mDCs. Furthermore, IVS using IFN-DCs was able to diminish regulatory-type T cells among CD4+ T-cell responder populations versus IVS using conventional mDC-based vaccines. These data emphasize an important role for IFN-α in modulating the immunologic functions of DCs toward a polarized DC1-type capable of coordinately promoting TH1-type and TC1-type T-cell mediated immunity and supports the translational development of patient-derived IFN-α–conditioned DC for use in novel immunotherapies for patients with RCC, and in whom, endogenous tumor-specific TC1 effector cells may be dysfunctional, anergic, or prone to undergo apoptosis.
Low grip strength predicts incident diabetes among mid-life women: the Michigan Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

Background skeletal muscle is the primary site of glucose uptake, yet the impact of age-related changes in muscle strength on diabetes risk is unknown. Methods four hundred and twenty-four participants (60% Black, 40% White) from the Michigan site of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation contributed annual grip strength measures and were followed from 1996 to 2012 to identify incident cases of diabetes. Diabetes was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes, use of anti-diabetic medications or measured fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl or haemoglobin A1c > 6.5%. Results the 16-year diabetes incidence was 37%. The average baseline weight-normalised grip strength (NGS, kg per kg body weight) was 0.41 ± 0.12 and a mean of 0.29 ± 0.14 kg of absolute grip strength was lost per year. Each 0.1 higher NGS was associated with a 19% lower hazard of incident diabetes (P = 0.006) after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, economic strain, smoking, menopause status, hormone use, physical activity and waist-hip ratio. In race/ethnic-stratified models, each 0.10 increase in NGS was associated with a 54% lower hazard of incident diabetes (P < 0.0001) among White women but the association among Black women was not statistically significant. In models without adjustment for waist-hip ratio or restricted to women <48 years of age at baseline, there was a statistically significant association between baseline NGS and incident diabetes among Black women. The rate of change in grip strength was not associated with diabetes incidence. Conclusion the mid-life is an important risk period for diabetes onset. Improving muscle strength. during mid-life may contribute to preventing diabetes among women.
The Digital Competences and Agency of Older People Living in Rural Villages in Finnish Lapland

Older people’s digital competencies are a means to minimise their possible risks for being excluded from society. Therefore, the research in this field needs to be strengthened. This paper examines the digital competences and agency of older people who live in remote rural villages in Finnish Lapland. We argue that older people’s agency is the key factor that keeps them included in contemporary society. Hence, our theoretical viewpoint rests on the theory of the modalities of agency. Our data consist of three focus group interviews that were conducted in small, remote villages during the spring of 2015. We analysed our data deductively, and the results showed that elderly villagers interpret their digital competencies through their personal needs and desires. History, the present and the future are intertwined in the villagers’ conceptions. Our respondents’ digital competencies are diverse; older people living in villages are not a homogenous group. Based on our results, we argue that digital competence is very much a distributed competence of elderly dyads, families with three generations and informal networks of villagers and that it should not, therefore, be assessed solely as an individual characteristic.
Dietary patterns and survival of older Europeans: The EPIC-Elderly Study (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)

Abstract Objective To investigate the association of a posteriori dietary patterns with overall survival of older Europeans. Design and setting This is a multi-centre cohort study. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association of the prevailing, a posteriori-derived, plant-based dietary pattern with all-cause mortality in a population of subjects who were 60 years or older at recruitment to the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Elderly cohort). Analyses controlled for all known potential risk factors. Subjects In total, 74 607 men and women, 60 years or older at enrolment and without previous coronary heart disease, stroke or cancer, with complete information about dietary intakes and potentially confounding variables, and with known survival status as of December 2003, were included in the analysis. Results An increase in the score which measures the adherence to the plant-based diet was associated with a lower overall mortality, a one standard deviation increment corresponding to a statistically significant reduction of 14% (95% confidence interval 5–23%). In country-specific analyses the apparent association was stronger in Greece, Spain, Denmark and The Netherlands, and absent in the UK and Germany. Conclusions Greater adherence to the plant-based diet that was defined a posteriori in this population of European elders is associated with lower all-cause mortality. This dietary score is moderately positively correlated with the Modified Mediterranean Diet Score that has been constructed a priori and was also shown to be beneficial for the survival of the same EPIC-Elderly cohort.
Electrographic status epilepticus and long-term outcome in critically ill children

Objective: Electrographic seizures (ES) and electrographic status epilepticus (ESE) are common in children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with acute neurologic conditions. We aimed to determine whether ES or ESE was associated with worse long-term outcomes. Methods: Three hundred children with an acute neurologic condition and encephalopathy underwent clinically indicated EEG monitoring and were enrolled in a prospective observational study. We aimed to obtain follow-up data from 137 subjects who were neurodevelopmentally normal before PICU admission. Results: Follow-up data were collected for 60 of 137 subjects (44%) at a median of 2.7 years. Subjects with and without follow-up data were similar in clinical characteristics during the PICU admission. Among subjects with follow-up data, ES occurred in 12 subjects (20%) and ESE occurred in 14 subjects (23%). Multivariable analysis indicated that ESE was associated with an increased risk of unfavorable Glasgow Outcome Scale (Extended Pediatric Version) category (odds ratio 6.36, p = 0.01) and lower Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scores (23 points lower, p = 0.001). Among subjects without prior epilepsy diagnoses ESE was associated with an increased risk of subsequently diagnosed epilepsy (odds ratio 13.3, p = 0.002). ES were not associated with worse outcomes. Conclusions: Among children with acute neurologic disorders who were reported to be neurodevelopmentally normal before PICU admission, ESE but not ES was associated with an increased risk of unfavorable global outcome, lower health-related quality of life scores, and an increased risk of subsequently diagnosed epilepsy even after adjusting for neurologic disorder category, EEG background category, and age.
Is It Worthwhile to Augment the Legal Protection of Public Debt Placed by Privately Held Companies?

We examine the effects of a law amendment in Israel in 2011 that imposes a set of minimum corporate governance standards on privately held firms that issue publicly traded bonds. Two main results emerge. First, consistent with US evidence, the improved bondholder protection boosts the immediate market valuation of private firms' bonds. Second, the amendment suppresses the private bonds market. After the amendment enactment, the number of private bond IPOs decreases sharply, and an extraordinary proportion of private firms redeem their existing public bonds early. However, given that the exiting firms had more related party transactions, it can be argued that the amendment increases market quality.
C57BL/6N mutation in Cytoplasmic FMR interacting protein 2 regulates cocaine response

The inbred mouse C57BL/6J is the reference strain for genome sequence and for most behavioral and physiological phenotypes. However the International Knockout Mouse Consortium uses an embryonic stem cell line derived from a related C57BL/6N substrain. We found that C57BL/6N has lower acute and sensitized response to cocaine and methamphetamine. We mapped a single causative locus and identified a non-synonymous mutation of serine to phenylalanine (S968F) in Cytoplasmic FMR interacting protein 2 (Cyfip2) as the causative variant. The S968F mutation destabilizes CYFIP2 and deletion of the C57BL/6N mutant allele leads to acute and sensitized cocaine response phenotypes. We propose CYFIP2 is a key regulator of cocaine response in mammals and present a framework to utilize mouse substrains to discover novel genes and alleles regulating behavior. The reference mouse strain, C57BL/6J, was established in 1921 and has been maintained at the Jackson Laboratory since 1948 (1). In 1951 a colony of C57BL/6J was shipped to NIH and C57BL/6N became a second major source. Large-scale projects use different C57BL/6 substrains, including the International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) which uses C57BL/6N ES cells (2, 3), and the Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium and Allen Brain Atlas which use C57BL/6J (4, 5). Although most behavioral measurements to date have To whom correspondence should be addressed: joseph.takahashi@utsouthwestern.edu. 8Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA HHS Public Access Author manuscript Science. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 July 13. Published in final edited form as: Science. 2013 December 20; 342(6165): 1508–1512. doi:10.1126/science.1245503. A uhor M anscript