Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tolerance Training with Adolescents in a Residential Juvenile Facility

For individuals receiving treatment in residential juvenile facilities, the inability to tolerate typical but unpleasant stimulus events may manifest in aggressive behavior toward staff or other residents. Such behaviors can lead to loss of privileges, interfere with other treatments, and contribute to negative staff-student relationships. As a procedure, tolerance training (TT) involves systematically increasing the duration of exposure to an undesired stimulus event or situation. The current study evaluated the effects of a procedure to increase tolerance of aversive situations for four adolescents who were receiving treatment for sexual offenses in a residential detention facility. Results from single-subject experimental designs indicate that TT increased all four adolescents’ ability to tolerate a non-preferred stimulus event. We briefly discuss the clinical implications of the use of behavior-analytic procedures to improve skill sets for adolescents in residential treatment facilities.
The Brief 10‐Item Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences‐Positive Scale (Brief CAPE‐P10): Initial psychometric properties, gender measurement invariance and mean differences among Nigerian adolescents

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences—Positive Scale (CAPE‐P) for its psychometric properties in terms of its reliability and validity, in addition to its factor structure and gender measurement invariance among Nigerian adolescents (n = 1336, Mage = 15.15).
ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AS AN EARLY MARKER OF RENAL FUNCTION IMPAIRMENT IN APPARENTLY HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WITH NORMAL SERUM CREATININE LEVELS: A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS EQUATIONS

This study was done to assess the renal function in normal healthy individuals with normal serum creatinine levels, on the basis of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and to compare and correlate eGFR obtained by various formulae. The mean eGFR reduced with an increase in age. There was a reduction in eGFR in 44.5% of subjects as calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study (MDRD) equation. The eGFR values calculated by MDRD, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology equation (CKD EPI) and Mayo Clinic Quadratic equation (MCQ) were comparable. Stage 3 chronic kidney disease by both MDRD and CKD EPI formula was 5.2%, whereas by MCQ formula it was 0.4%. eGFR appears to be a predictive diagnostic marker of early stages of renal dysfunction in otherwise normal apparently healthy individuals with normal serum creatinine.
The ecology of chronic wasting disease in wildlife

Prions are misfolded infectious proteins responsible for a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion diseases. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is the prion disease with the highest spillover potential, affecting at least seven Cervidae (deer) species. The zoonotic potential of CWD is inconclusive and cannot be ruled out. A risk of infection for other domestic and wildlife species is also plausible. Here, we review the current status of the knowledge with respect to CWD ecology in wildlife. Our current understanding of the geographic distribution of CWD lacks spatial and temporal detail, does not consider the biogeography of infectious diseases, and is largely biased by sampling based on hunters' cooperation and funding available for each region. Limitations of the methods used for data collection suggest that the extent and prevalence of CWD in wildlife is underestimated. If the zoonotic potential of CWD is confirmed in the short term, as suggested by recent results obtained in experimental animal models, there will be limited accurate epidemiological data to inform public health. Research gaps in CWD prion ecology include the need to identify specific biological characteristics of potential CWD reservoir species that better explain susceptibility to spillover, landscape and climate configurations that are suitable for CWD transmission, and the magnitude of sampling bias in our current understanding of CWD distribution and risk. Addressing these research gaps will help anticipate novel areas and species where CWD spillover is expected, which will inform control strategies. From an ecological perspective, control strategies could include assessing restoration of natural predators of CWD reservoirs, ultrasensitive CWD detection in biotic and abiotic reservoirs, and deer density and landscape modification to reduce CWD spread and prevalence.
Functional Adaptation of the Fibrocartilage and Bony Trabeculae at the Attachment Sites of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

The direct insertion of an enthesis is composed of uncalcified fibrocartilage (FC) and calcified FC, believed to function as buffers for multidirectional forces applied to the ligament. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the FC thickness and bony trabecular orientation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) on both the femoral and tibial sides. Six cadavers were examined (age at death: 73–92 years). Both femoral and tibial insertions of the ACL were harvested and used to make 0.5 mm interval semi‐serial sections. Microdigital images were taken and used to measure the maximum thickness of both the uncalcified FC and Calcified FC. Two‐dimensional discrete Fourier analysis was also performed to determine the orientation angle and orientation intensity of bony trabeculae directly under the FC. The mean thicknesses of the uncalcified FC at the femoral and tibial insertions were 0.98 mm and 0.49 mm, respectively. The mean thicknesses of the calcified FC were 0.47 mm and 0.38 mm, respectively. There was a significant difference in the uncalcified FC thickness, but not in the calcified FC thickness. The bony trabeculae showed a prominent orientation parallel to the ACL fiber on both sides, but it was more intense on the tibial side than on the femoral side. The trabecular orientation was prominent in the proximal‐posterior part of the femoral side and in the anteromedial part of the tibial side, suggesting that mechanical stress is greater in these parts. The dominant bony trabecular angle was 69.0° on the femoral side and 59.8° on the tibial side when the tidemark was set at 0°. These findings suggest that the femoral side receives multidirectional stresses, while relatively unidirectional stress is loaded on the tibial side. Furthermore, stress is considered to be greater in the proximal‐posterior part of the femoral insertion and in the anteromedial part of the tibial insertion. At the time of ACL reconstruction, attention should be paid to assign a robust portion of the graft to the posterior part of the femoral insertion and anteromedial part of the tibial insertion. Clin. Anat. , 33:988–996, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Therapeutic hypothermia in PEA cardiac arrest for global and local cerebral protection: a case report and mini-review

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has received increased attention in the last decade, although this treatment modality has been around since the 1940is. TH is used as an adjuvant therapy for patients with refractory arrhythmias, cardiac arrest and traumatic brain injuries. We discuss the use of TH for CNS protection following pulseless electrical activity (PEA) cardiac arrest secondary to hypoxemia for a patient who had recently undergone three-vessel coronary bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The patient remained unresponsive after successful resuscitation and a head CT exhibited a new, acute left cerebral infarct. Initiation of TH was undertaken for both global protection and to minimize reperfusion injury to the new, local left infarct. Six hours after cardiac arrest the body temperature was lowered to 33∞ C for 24 hours and then the patient was re-warmed over the next 12 hours back to 36-37∞ C. Return of baseline mental status and continued improvement of hemiparesis was observed at the 36 th hour. This case demonstrates the utility
Determining an optimal pool size for testing beef herds for Johne’s disease in Australia

Bovine Johne’s disease (JD) is a chronic debilitating disease affecting cattle breeds worldwide. Pooled faecal samples are routinely tested by culture to detect Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Mptb) infection. More recently, a direct high throughput molecular test has been introduced in Australia for the detection of Mptb in faeces to circumvent the long culture times, however, the optimal pool size for beef cattle faeces is not known. This study aimed to determine the optimal pool size to achieve the highest test sensitivity and specificity for beef cattle. Individual archived faecal samples with low, medium and high quantities of Mptb (n = 30) were pooled with faecal samples from confirmed JD negative animals to create pool sizes of 5, 10, 15 and 20, to assess the diagnostic sensitivity relative to individual faecal qPCR. Samples from JD-free cattle (n = 10) were similarly evaluated for diagnostic specificity. Overall, 160 pools were created, with Mptb DNA extracted using magnetic bead isolation method prior to Mptb-specific IS900 quantitative PCR (qPCR). The pool size of 10 yielded the highest sensitivity 73% (95% CI: 54–88%), regardless of the quantity of Mptb DNA present in the faeces. There was no significant differences between the four different pool sizes for positive pool detection, however, there was statistical significance between low, medium and high quantities of Mptb. Diagnostic specificity was determined to be 100%. The increase in pool size greater than 10 increased the chances of PCR inhibition, which was successfully relieved with the process of DNA dilution. The results of this study demonstrate that the pool size of 10 performed optimally in the direct faecal qPCR. The results from this study can be applied in future simulation modelling studies to provide suggestions on the cost-effective testing for JD in beef cattle.
A reexamination of consonant-vowel differences in masked transposed letter priming effects in the lexical decision task.

Most orthographic coding models are based on the assumption that the orthographic code does not distinguish between vowels and consonants and, therefore, those models predict no difference between vowel (cisano-CASINO) and consonant (caniso-CASINO) transposed-letter (TL) effects. The available data, however, do provide some evidence for a consonant-vowel distinction at the level of the orthographic code. Most centrally, masked priming lexical decision tasks, mainly carried out in Spanish, have shown priming from consonant TL primes (e.g., caniso) but not from vowel TL primes (e.g., cisano). The present experiments were an investigation of this pattern. Experiment 1, based on Schubert, Kinoshita, and Norris' (2018) stimuli which showed no consonant-vowel differences in an unprimed same-different task, also showed no consonant-vowel differences in masked TL priming effects in lexical decision showing, for the first time, a vowel TL priming effect in that task. Experiment 2, using Lupker, Perea, and Davis' (2008) Experiment 1a stimuli, also showed a small but significant vowel TL priming effect (a nonreplication of that experiment), while replicating the consonant TL priming effect that those authors originally reported. In Experiment 3, TL priming was again essentially unaffected by the consonant-vowel status of the letters involved as well as by target frequency, a variable on which the Experiment 1 and 2 stimuli differed. These results, supported by evoked response potential (ERP) results from other labs, suggest that consonant-vowel TL differences, when they do emerge in English, are likely are not due to the nature of the orthographic code. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Evaluation of quality of life after laparoscopic surgery

Background: Measuring health-related quality of life (QoL) after surgery is essential for decision making by patients, surgeons, and payers. The aim of this consensus conference was twofold. First, it was to determine for which diseases endoscopic surgery results in better postoperative QoL than open surgery. Second, it was to recommend QoL instruments for clinical research. Methods: An expert panel selected 12 conditions in which QoL and endoscopic surgery are important. For each condition, studies comparing endoscopic and open surgery in terms of QoL were identified. The expert panel reached consensus on the relative benefits of endoscopic surgery and recommended generic and disease-specific QoL instruments for use in clinical research.
The ESCRT-II Subunit EAP20/VPS25 and the Bro1 Domain Proteins HD-PTP and BROX Are Individually Dispensable for Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Replication

HSV-1 is a pathogen of the human nervous system that uses its own virus-encoded proteins and the normal cellular ESCRT machinery to drive the construction of its envelope. How HSV-1 structural proteins interact with ESCRT components and which subsets of cellular ESCRT proteins are utilized by the virus remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that an essential component of the ESCRT-II complex and two ESCRT-associated Bro1 proteins are dispensable for HSV-1 replication. ABSTRACT Capsid envelopment during assembly of the neurotropic herpesviruses herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) in the infected cell cytoplasm is thought to involve the late-acting cellular ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) components ESCRT-III and VPS4 (vacuolar protein sorting 4). However, HSV-1, unlike members of many other families of enveloped viruses, does not appear to require the ESCRT-I subunit TSG101 or the Bro1 domain-containing protein ALIX (Alg-2-interacting protein X) to recruit and activate ESCRT-III. Alternative cellular factors that are known to be capable of regulating ESCRT-III function include the ESCRT-II complex and other members of the Bro1 family. We therefore used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down the essential ESCRT-II subunit EAP20/VPS25 (ELL-associated protein 20/vacuolar protein sorting 25) and the Bro1 proteins HD-PTP (His domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase) and BROX (Bro1 domain and CAAX motif containing). We demonstrated reductions in levels of the targeted proteins by Western blotting and used quantitative microscopic assays to confirm loss of ESCRT-II and HD-PTP function. We found that in single-step replication experiments, the final yields of HSV-1 were unchanged following loss of EAP20, HD-PTP, or BROX. IMPORTANCE HSV-1 is a pathogen of the human nervous system that uses its own virus-encoded proteins and the normal cellular ESCRT machinery to drive the construction of its envelope. How HSV-1 structural proteins interact with ESCRT components and which subsets of cellular ESCRT proteins are utilized by the virus remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that an essential component of the ESCRT-II complex and two ESCRT-associated Bro1 proteins are dispensable for HSV-1 replication.
A Novel Approach to Improving the Reliability of Manual Semen Analysis: A Paradigm Shift in the Workup of Infertile Men

Conventional semen analysis (SA) is an essential component of the male infertility workup, but requires laboratories to rigorously train and monitor technicians as well as regularly perform quality assurance assessments. Without such measures there is room for error and, consequently, unreliable results. Furthermore, clinicians often rely heavily on SA results when making diagnostic and treatment decisions, however conventional SA is only a surrogate marker of male fecundity and does not guarantee fertility. Considering these challenges, the last several decades have seen the development of many advances in SA methodology, including tests for sperm DNA fragmentation, acrosome reaction, and capacitation. While these new diagnostic tests have improved the scope of information available to clinicians, they are expensive, time-consuming, and require specialized training. The latest advance in laboratory diagnostics is the measurement of seminal oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). The measurement of ORP in an easy, reproducible manner using a new tool called the Male Infertility Oxidative Stress System (MiOXSYS) has demonstrated ORP's potential as a feasible adjunct test to conventional SA. Additionally, the measurement of ORP by this device has been shown to be predictive of both poor semen quality and male infertility. Assessing ORP is a novel approach to both validating manual SA results and identifying patients who may benefit from treatment of male oxidative stress infertility.
Production dynamics reveal hidden overharvest of inland recreational fisheries

Significance Despite the great economic and cultural importance of inland recreational fisheries, overharvest of inland fish stocks is rarely studied. We compared biomass harvest and biomass production in a unique 28-y, 179-lake dataset of a valuable inland fishery and found ∼40% of stocks to be overharvested, a rate >10× higher than population thresholds used to manage these fisheries. This is an empirical example of recreational fisheries overharvest in a declining fishery revealed through a biomass production approach. The high level of production overharvest we found highlights the value of ecosystem approaches to inform recreational fisheries management in an era of rapid environmental change. Recreational fisheries are valued at $190B globally and constitute the predominant way in which people use wild fish stocks in developed countries, with inland systems contributing the main fraction of recreational fisheries. Although inland recreational fisheries are thought to be highly resilient and self-regulating, the rapid pace of environmental change is increasing the vulnerability of these fisheries to overharvest and collapse. Here we directly evaluate angler harvest relative to the biomass production of individual stocks for a major inland recreational fishery. Using an extensive 28-y dataset of the walleye (Sander vitreus) fisheries in northern Wisconsin, United States, we compare empirical biomass harvest (Y) and calculated production (P) and biomass (B) for 390 lake year combinations. Production overharvest occurs when harvest exceeds production in that year. Biomass and biomass turnover (P/B) declined by ∼30 and ∼20%, respectively, over time, while biomass harvest did not change, causing overharvest to increase. Our analysis revealed that ∼40% of populations were production-overharvested, a rate >10× higher than estimates based on population thresholds often used by fisheries managers. Our study highlights the need to adapt harvest to changes in production due to environmental change.
Demographic characteristics and wright test titers in patients treated for brucellosis

Iran is one of the endemic countries of brucellosis with a prevalence of about 225 in 1000000 population. In this study, there was an attempt to evaluate the demographic characteristics and wright test titers in treated patients previously diagnosed with brucellosis. Material In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 168 brucellosis were evaluated during the years 2005 and 2008. Results:
Acceptability and safety of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among parturients at Muhimbili national hospital, Tanzania.

In Tanzania the general use of modern methods of contraception is twenty seven percent with less than two percent of the women adopting the IUCD as a method of contraception. The modern IUCD is a highly effective, safe, private, long-acting, coitus independent and rapidly reversible method of contraception with few side effects. Intrauterine contraception is the most cost-effective method of contraception today. The postpartum insertion of an IUCD provides a convenient opportunity for the woman to receive IUCD services. This is particularly important for women who have limited access to medical care. The postpartum period is potentially an ideal time to begin contraception as women are more strongly motivated to do so at this time, which also has the advantage of being convenient for both patients and health-care providers. To assess acceptability and safety of immediate Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (PPIUCD) among parturients at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). A prospective interventional analytical study was conducted from 1st August to 31st December 2011.Contraceptive counseling was given to 369 eligible parturients after delivery during their postpartum hospitalization. A pretested structured questionnaire was administered to all participants. Women who accepted the PPIUCD during their postpartum care were inserted with the device before discharge (within 48 hours). These women were followed up at 4 weeks for complications. The acceptance rate of PPIUCD and the percentage of actual insertions were recorded. The reasons for both acceptance and decline were also recorded. Of the 369 women counseled, a total of 102 (27.6%) were inserted with PPIUCD. Parturients who had a short duration from their last child birth (less than 2 years) were significantly associated with greater acceptance of the PPIUCD (p ≤ 0.05). Parturients who had previously used the interval IUCD were significantly associated with greater acceptance of PPIUCD (p = 0.005). Preference to other methods of contraception mainly short acting methods, and the need to discuss with their partners were the most common reasons for declining use of PPIUCD. More than half (55%) of the women whom PPIUCD was inserted did so due to its long term effect. Immediate PPIUCD was demonstrably safe due to its low rates of complications. The common complications at four weeks interval were expulsion (6.4%) and lost strings (5.3%). Acceptance of PPIUCD was relatively high probably because of its ‘newness’ in the community. For these women, the best opportunity to receive information about contraception is during child birth when they are in contact with healthcare providers. It is also important to emphasize and educate women on long term methods of contraception as majority of the women preferred short term methods despite their future pregnancy desires of more than three years. Couple counseling should also be promoted. The government needs to develop strategies to increase public awareness of the PPIUCD through different media sources.
Extracellular Vesicles and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include exosomes and microvesicles and have been shown to have roles in the CNS ranging from the removal of unwanted biomolecules to intercellular communication to the spread of pathogenic proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases. EVs carry protein, lipid, and genetic cargo, and research over more than a decade has shown that they contain the misfolded forms of proteins associated with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and the prion diseases. Altered genetic cargo, usually in the form of miRNAs, have also been identified in EVs patients with these diseases, suggesting that EVs may be a source of disease biomarkers. Whether EVs play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases remains to be firmly established because most current research is performed using cell culture and transgenic animal models. If EVs are identified as a key pathological contributor to neurological conditions, they will form a novel target for therapeutic intervention. This Dual Perspectives article will discuss the current understanding of the role of EVs in neurological diseases and raise some of the limitations of our current understandings of this field. Dual Perspectives Companion Paper: NeuroEVs: Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles Generated in the Neural Domain, by Christie D. Fowler