Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fifteen Years Experiences in Tumors of Parotid Glands and the Analysis of 204 Cases

Salivary gland tumors are uncommon, corresponding to approximately 3% of neoplasm of the head and neck region. The parotid gland is the most common site of major salivary gland tumors. This retrospective study was conducted to define the relationship of between existences of the parotid tumors with gender of patients as well as review of literature. Data were collected from the records of total 204 patient files (101 male and 103 female) with including history of having parotid tumor (benign and malignant), that admitted in ENT Department of Imam Khomeini and Apadana Private Hospitals between September 1993 and March 2008. The analyzed characteristics include gender and age of patient, anatomical location and type the parotid tumors. Of the 204 patients who underwent parotidectomy, 176 (86.3%), 23 (11.3 %) had benign tumors in male and female. 15 in male (7.5%) and 8 in female (4.02%) had malignant tumors, and 5 had chronic inflammatory disease (2.4%). The overall frequency of the benign and malignant tumors in Southwest region of Iran is the highest, which was similar to international findings.
A systems biology analysis of the unique and overlapping transcriptional responses to caloric restriction and dietary methionine restriction in rats

Dietary methionine restriction (MR) and calorie restriction (CR) each improve metabolic health and extend life span. We used comprehensive transcriptome profiling and systems biology analysis to interrogate the unique and overlapping molecular responses in rats provided these dietary regimens for 20 mo after weaning. Microarray analysis was conducted on inguinal white adipose (IWAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), liver, and skeletal muscle. Compared to controls, CR‐induced transcriptomic responses (absolute fold change ≥1.5 and P≤0.05) were comparable in IWAT, BAT, and liver (~800 genes). MR‐induced effects were largely restricted to IWAT and liver (~2400 genes). Pathway enrichment and gene‐coexpression analyses showed that induction of fatty acid synthesis in IWAT was common to CR and MR, whereas immunity and proinflammatory signaling pathways were specifically down‐regulated in MR‐treated IWAT and liver (FDR≤0.07–0.3). BAT demonstrated consistent down‐regulation of PPAR‐signaling under CR and MR, whereas muscle was largely unaffected. Interactome analysis identified CR‐specific down‐regulation of cytoskeletal matrix components in IWAT and MR‐specific up‐regulation of ribosomal genes in liver (FDR≤0.001). Transcriptomic down‐regulation of inflammation genes by MR in IWAT was consistent with upstream inhibition of STAT3. Together, these results provide an integrated picture of the breadth of transcriptional responses to MR and CR among key metabolic tissues. —Ghosh, S. , Wanders, D. , Stone, K. P., Van, N. T. , Cortez, C. C. , Gettys, T. W. A systems biology analysis of the unique and overlapping transcriptional responses to caloric restriction and dietary methionine restriction in rats. FASEB J. 28, 2577–2590 (2014). www.fasebj. org
Health profiles and associated service use among adults with HIV and intellectual and developmental disabilities

Objective(s): Owing to the commonly held notion that individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have low risk of HIV acquisition, we compared the prevalence of HIV infection among people with and without IDD. We also examined health status and health service use among the HIV-infected group. Design: Population-based cohort study using linked administrative health and social services databases. Methods: We compared HIV prevalence between Ontario adults with IDD (n = 64 008) and a 20% random sample of Ontario adults without IDD. Among the HIV-infected group, we compared adults with and without IDD in terms of comorbid chronic physical conditions and mental health disorders, as well as use of overall health services, mental health services, and HIV-specific services. Results: HIV prevalence per 100 000 population did not differ for adults with IDD [163.38 (95% confidence interval: 132.27, 199.6)] and without IDD [172.45 (95 confidence interval: 167.48, 177.53)]. Among the HIV-infected group, those with IDD had more comorbid chronic physical conditions and mental health disorders. They also had greater use of overall health services and mental health services. Likelihood of use of HIV-specific services also differed for those with and without IDD. Discussion: A similar prevalence of HIV among adults with and without IDD accentuates a need for strategies for individuals with IDD to be included in HIV prevention efforts. High prevalence of chronic physical and mental health comorbidity and health service use among the HIV-infected group with IDD highlight a need for comprehensive and coordinated treatment plans to optimize outcomes for this complex patient group.
A comparison of the particle and shifted Rayleigh filters in their application to a multisensor bearings-only problem

The multisensor bearings-only problem of target motion analysis - the determination of the position and velocity of a target from noisy bearings made from several moving sensors - presents some interesting challenges to the designer of a tracking algorithm. Apart from the obvious nonlinearities in the measurements, the conditional covariance matrices of the target state are often highly singular in the initial stages. In this paper it is shown that the shifted Rayleigh filter, a 'moment matching' method of modest computational cost, can compete with the particle filter when they are applied to a realistic version of this problem in which a target moves through a mobile multisensor network
Structure and function of a human insulin-like growth factor-I gene promoter.

We have identified and characterized a promoter regulatory region for the human insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene. The 5'-ends of IGF-I mRNAs were first mapped to a series of sites within a 158-nucleotide portion of exon 1 that was found to be structurally similar to the recently delineated transcription start region of the chicken IGF-I gene. In both species multiple initiation sites are probably a reflection of the absence of typical transcriptional regulatory signals, such as a TATA or CCAAT box, in the proximal promoter, although neither gene sequence resembles a GC-rich housekeeping promoter, which also controls a dispersed initiation region. To test promoter function, hybrid genes were constructed linking human IGF-I DNA to a promoterless reporter plasmid. Fusion genes containing from 385-4300 nucleotides of the IGF-I 5'-flanking region enhanced luciferase activity after transfection into the IGF-I-producing SK-N-MC cell line. A plasmid with 1630 nucleotides of 5'-DNA gave maximal activity and directed accurate initiation of the hybrid gene while the same promoter fragment inserted in the reverse orientation was inert. Although cognate recognition sequences were identified for several transcription factors in the 1630 nucleotides 5' to the transcription start region, no sites were found that resembled the putative GH response element recently mapped to the proximal promoter of the rat Spi2.1 gene. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nurses' perceptions of medication errors and their contributing factors in South Korea.

AIM The aim of this study was to identify Korean nurses' perceptions of medication errors. BACKGROUND Knowing nurses' perceptions of medication errors is important in developing prevention strategies for medication errors. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted. A convenient snowballed sample of 220 nurses from seven hospitals was obtained. Participants were asked to identify contributing factors of medication errors, reporting and strategies to prevent medication errors. RESULTS A total of 224 of 330 (67.9%) questionnaires were returned. Over half (63.6%) of the participants had been involved in medication errors once or more in the past month. For factors contributing to medication errors, 99 nurses (45.0%) answered 'advanced drug preparation and administration without rechecking'. Only 13.5% of participants informed patients and their families of medication errors and 28.3% of participants submitted an incident report. Medication errors occurred most often during the day-shift. CONCLUSIONS Developing strategies to reduce nurses' fear of punishment and supporting nurses' attitudes in a constructive manner are needed. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Effective strategies for nursing are needed, particularly during the day-shift, and during routine medication administration. In addition, non-punitive reporting systems of medication error should be established and patients should be included in reporting.
The Frequency of a Common Mutation of the Methionine Synthase Gene in the Australian Population and its Relation to Smoking and Coronary Artery Disease

Background Modest elevations in levels of circulating homocysteine are common in patients with vascular disease. Methionine synthase is a vitamin B12-dependent enzyme catalysing the re-methylation of homocysteine to methionine; reduced methionine synthase activity results in elevated level of homocysteine. Design A case-control study. Methods We explored the frequency and distribution of a 2756A → G (D919G) mutation of the methionine synthase gene, detected by polymerase chain reaction genotyping, in 745 Australian Caucasian patients aged ≤ 65 years (550 men and 195 women) with and without angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD). Results The frequency distributions of AA, A6 and GG genotypes were 61.9%, 33.8% and 4.3%, respectively, and were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was no correlation between the methionine synthase mutation and CAD from simple χ2 comparison. However, the interactive term of life-time smoking dose with methionine synthase genotypes was predictive of both the number of significantly diseased vessels (≥50% luminal obstruction; χ2 = 12.518, P = 0.0019), and the presence or absence of significant CAD (χ2 = 7.045, P = 0.027). A stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that smokers who were also GG homozygotes had more severe CAD compared with smokers of other genotypes. The methionine synthase genotypes were not associated with any of the other established CAD risk factors assessed in our study. Conclusions We conclude that the methionine synthase 2756A → G mutation is common, with homozygosity occurring in approximately 4% of white Australians, and that it has an interactive effect with life-time smoking dose to increase the severity of CAD. Smokers who are also GG homozygotes have additionally elevated CAD risk.
Differential Development of Attention and Executive Functions in 3- to 12-Year-Old Finnish Children

The developmental sequence of attention and executive functions (EFs) was studied by utilizing normative data from four hundred 3- through 12-year-old Finnish children. Data from 10 subtests measuring impulse control and inhibition of irrelevant responses, auditory and visual attention, visual search, planning, and verbal and visual fluency were included. The development proceeded sequentially, from motor inhibition and impulse control to functions of selective and sustained attention, and finally to EFs of fluency. Significant relations between gender and development and between parent education and development were found in several subtests. In a factor analysis, inhibition, auditory attention, visual attention, and the EF of fluency clustered into separate factors. The developmental staging and clustering of functions suggests that, although inhibition, attention, and EFs are highly interrelated cognitive functions, their developmental sequences are separate from one another. The development of basic inhibitory functions precedes the development of more complex functions of selective attention, and EFs continue to develop into adolescence.
Forkhead Box G1 Gene Haploinsufficiency: An Emerging Cause of Dyskinetic Encephalopathy of Infancy

Abstract Background 14q12 deletions, including the Forkhead Box G1 (FOXG1) gene and point mutations of this gene, are associated with a complex encephalopathy described as a congenital variant of Rett syndrome. A mixture of jerks, athetosis, chorea, and dystonia is observed early in life in many patients. The aim of this article is to report on the spectrum of movement disorders associated with FOXG1 haploinsufficiency, as described in the literature. Patients and Methods We provide a review of the cases reported in the literature, adding two new patients. We searched for a comprehensive set of clinical features, including age at onset and semiology of the movement disorder, occurrence and type of stereotypies, and neurological outcome. Results A total of 51 cases were included in our study. Nonepileptic abnormal movements occurred in 33 cases, often variably combined and presenting during the first year of life. Conclusion The neurological phenotype of FOXG1 haploinsufficiency shows the features of a dyskinetic encephalopathy of infancy.
Enzymatic Permeabilization of the Thecate Dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) Yields Detection of Intracellularly Associated Bacteria via Catalyzed Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

ABSTRACT The enzymatic permeabilization procedure described here allows the detection of intracellular bacteria in the thecate dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum by using catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization. The combined use of propidium iodide and calcofluor for confocal laser scanning microscopy, together with general and specific fluorescent bacterial probes, demonstrated the intracellular presence of bacteria, including members of the phylum Bacteroidetes.
Celiac disease: management of persistent symptoms in patients on a gluten-free diet.

AIM To investigate all patients referred to our center with non-responsive celiac disease (NRCD), to establish a cause for their continued symptoms. METHODS We assessed all patients referred to our center with non-responsive celiac disease over an 18-mo period. These individuals were investigated to establish the eitiology of their continued symptoms. The patients were first seen in clinic where a thorough history and examination were performed with routine blood work including tissue transglutaminase antibody measurement. They were also referred to a specialist gastroenterology dietician to try to identift any lapses in the diet and sources of hidden gluten ingestion. A repeat small intestinal biopsy was also performed and compared to biopsies from the referring hospital where possible. Colonoscopy, lactulose hydrogen breath testing, pancreolauryl testing and computed tomography scan of the abdomen were undertaken if the symptoms persisted. Their clinical progress was followed over a minimum of 2 years. RESULTS One hundred and twelve consecutive patients were referred with NRCD. Twelve were found not to have celiac disease (CD). Of the remaining 100 patients, 45% were not adequately adhering to a strict gluten-free diet, with 24 (53%) found to be inadvertently ingesting gluten, and 21 (47%) admitting non-compliance. Microscopic colitis was diagnosed in 12% and small bowel bacterial overgrowth in 9%. Refractory CD was diagnosed in 9%. Three of these were diagnosed with intestinal lymphoma. After 2 years, 78 patients remained well, eight had continuing symptoms, and four had died. CONCLUSION In individuals with NRCD, a remediable cause can be found in 90%: with continued gluten ingestion as the leading cause. We propose an algorithm for investigation.
Attitudes and knowledge of colorectal cancer and screening in Hong Kong: A population‐based study

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third of all cancer mortalities in Hong Kong. CRC screening can reduce mortality. However, participation in the CRC screening program depends on the knowledge and attitude of the population. The aim of this study is to investigate the knowledge and attitude towards CRC screening in the Hong Kong population.
Effect of excess extracellular glutamate on dendrite growth from cerebral cortical neurons at 3 days in vitro: Involvement of NMDA receptors

Glutamate is an important regulator of dendrite development; however, during cerebral ischemia, massive glutamate release can lead to neurodegeneration and death. An early consequence of glutamate excitotoxicity is dendrite injury, which often precedes cell death. We examined the effect of glutamate on dendrite growth from embryonic day 18 (E18) mouse cortical neurons grown for 3 days in vitro (DIV) and immunolabeled with anti‐microtubule‐associated protein (MAP)2 and anti‐neurofilament (NF)‐H, to identify dendrites and axons, respectively. Cortical neurons exposed to excess extracellular glutamate (100 μM) displayed reduced dendrite growth, which occurred in the absence of cell death. This effect was mimicked by the ionotropic glutamate receptor agonist N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) and blocked by the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid and the NMDA receptor‐specific antagonist MK‐801. The non‐NMDA receptor agonist AMPA, however, did not affect process growth. Neither NMDA nor AMPA influenced neuron survival. Immunolabeling and Western blot analysis of NMDA receptors using antibodies against the NR1 subunit, demonstrated that immature cortical neurons used in this study, express NMDA receptors. These results suggest that excess glutamate decreases dendrite growth through a mechanism resulting from NMDA receptor subclass activation. Furthermore, these data support the possibility that excess glutamate activation of NMDA receptors mediate both cell death in mature neurons and the inhibitory effect of excess glutamate on dendrite growth in immature neurons or in the absence of cell death. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New perspectives in vaccine development: mucosal immunity to infections.

In this review, we focus on six key areas currently receiving attention in the mucosal immune system. These six areas are of considerable importance for development of vaccines. They are (a) the necessity to understand the unique features of the mucosal immune system; (b) the possibility that the common mucosal immune system may contain distinct compartments; (c) differences in antigen uptake and in types of antigen-presenting cells in mucosal inductive and effector sites; (d) more careful consideration of mucosal memory in vaccine development; (e) recent studies, which show that oral vaccines induce T-helper (Th)-cell subsets that regulate mucosal IgA responses; and (f) the mechanisms whereby mucosal S-IgA and T cells provide mucosal immune protection. An example of the above suffices to illustrate why the selected areas are of importance in vaccine development. Oral immunization preferentially induces type 2 Th (Th2) cell responses that directly correlate with antigen-specific IgA responses in mucosal effector sites. It is likely that activated, antigen-specific Th2 cells that are induced in Peyer's patches are continuously supplied to mucosal effector sites for regulation of IgA responses. These Th2 cells are producing cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-6 and these cytokines may direct antigen-specific surface IgA-positive B cells to become IgA-producing plasma cells. Nevertheless, additional studies will be required to establish that IgA responses to T-cell-dependent antigens depend on Th2 cell-derived help. What are the implications of these studies for current oral vaccines, including novel antigen delivery systems? The most obvious would be that vaccines should be optimized for induction of Th2-cell responses in IgA inductive sites such as the gut-associated lymphoreticular tissues. It is now clear that induction of Th2-type responses in both mucosal inductive and mucosal effector sites are essential for oral vaccines to induce S-IgA responses. However, antigens delivered by live vectors such as Salmonella typhimurium in the murine system and S. typhi in humans must consider T-cell responses induced against a live vector in addition to the inserted recombinant antigen. In this regard, it has been shown that these microorganisms induce cell-mediated immunity responses that largely result from Th1-type cells. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Electromagnetic Response and Broadband Utilities of Planar Metamaterials

Metamaterial (Smith, Pendry et al. 2004) interacts with electromagnetic waves in a resonant manner, affording us new giving rise to a new route for subwavelength photonic devices, such as compact antenna substrate (Li, Hang et al. 2005) and subwavelength resonant cavity (Zhou, Li et al. 2005; Li, Hao et al. 2006). Planar-type configuration,thanks to layer-by-layer fabrication technique, has been recognized as the most efficient and easiest way for the realization of metamaterials from microwave, terahertz, and optical regimes. And it is interesting to note that, in contrast to the common notion that the operational bandwidth of metamaterial is usually very narrow due to the local resonance nature, our recent studies show that planar metamaterial can be broadband in functionality (Wei, Cao et al. 2010; Wei, Cao et al. 2011).
Pronecrotic mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein expression is a prognostic biomarker in patients with early‐stage resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (MLKL) is a necrosome component mediating programmed necrosis that may be an important determinant of cancer cell death. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the prognostic value of MLKL expression in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC).
Mobile workers and HIV / AIDS in Botswana.

This paper examines the impact of internal migration and external population movements and interactions on the spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Botswana. A total of 292 mobile workers in selected rural and urban areas were interviewed. Focus group discussions were conducted in all sites. The study showed that migration has a significant influence on public health and HIV/AIDS spread in the country. The frequency of sexual intercourse among migrant workers and their return visits back home, intensifies the spread of HIV/AIDS. Unprotected sex is a primary mode of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted disease transmission among the population. Despite the high level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS, its transmission and effects, there remained an insufficient use of condoms. Areas that are sites of major development projects, where a large number of migrant workers concentrate, have higher HIV and STD rates than areas that are not.
Overlapping signature genes between hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Received 27 February 2009 Accepted 3 March 2009 There has been a long-standing interest in the discovery of signature genes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Concern has been expressed about the inconsistency of the identified signature genes reported by different laboratories. The discrepancy in HCC signature genes could stem from the differences in pathological features of the HCC samples used in gene profiling and the algorithms for data analysis. Benefiting from the improvement and standardization of the DNA microarray technology, several groups in recent years reported reproducible HCC signature gene sets that are able to