Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grid Deformation Real-Time Measurement System of Ion Thruster Based on Videometrics

In order to conduct high-precision measurement of the LIPS-300 ion thruster grid deformation in a vacuum, high-temperature, and plasma environment, a noncontact videometrics system using a telemicroscope was designed. Based on the captured image, the interactive partitioning edge detection method (IPEDM) was used to obtain stable and clear edges of multiple circular cooperative targets. Meanwhile, magnification factor calibration, rotation angle correction, and subpixel-level grid deformation measurement were performed with cooperative targets. The measurement results show that under the power of 750 W in the discharge chamber, the maximum thermal deformation of the screen grid is 1120 μm, and the gap between the screen grid and the accelerator grid is reduced by 420 μm. An accuracy assessment of the system shows that the grid deformation measurement accuracy is better than 12 μm, and the system satisfies the requirement of high-precision real-time measurements of the grid thermal deformation of the ion thruster under the discharge-chamber-running condition and the plasma-beam-extraction condition.
Specific in vitro initiation of transcription of simian virus 40 early and late genes occurs at the various cap nucleotides including cytidine.

High specific activity [beta-32P]ATP and [beta-32P]CTP were used to study in vitro transcriptional initiation and subsequent capping of simian virus 40 (SV40) early and later RNAs. More than 40% of the capped SV40 RNA synthesized in vitro was also polyadenylylated. With [beta-32P]ATP, only adenosine-containing caps were labeled and the incorporated radioactive phosphate was found exclusively in the beta position. Cap digestion patterns showed extensive qualitative and quantitative similarities between these 32P-labeled caps and caps labeled in vivo [Canaani, D. , Kahana, C. , Mukamel, A. & Groner, Y. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 3078--3082]. With [beta-32P]CTP, only early SV40 RNA was labeled, consistent with the absence of cytosine-containing caps in late transcripts. The [beta-32P]CTP-labeled cap was identified as m7GpppCmpU, which was previously identified as the major cap of in vivo labeled early SV40 mRNA [Kahana, C. , Gidoni, D. , Canaani, D. & Groner, Y. (1981) J. Virol. 37, 7--16]. This experiment provides biochemical evidence for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II initiation of transcription with CTP. The data imply that, on SV40 DNA, RNA polymerase II initiates transcription at multiple nucleotide sequences and capping occurs at the initiator nucleotide.
Constipation and defecation pattern the first 30 days after thoracic surgery.

INTRODUCTION In clinical practice constipation is often an overlooked aspect of patient care and first gains attention when it has become a severe problem for the patients. Constipation increases the risk for postoperative complications, can prolong hospital stay, increase financial cost, and staff nursing care time. MATERIAL AND METHOD A prospective descriptive design was used. One hundred and thirty nine patients participated in the study from February to June 2006. On admission, day of discharge, and 30 days after surgery patients normal and actual defecation pattern, stool consistency, and if they experienced problems with defecation was assessed by a structured interview. North America Nursing Diagnosis Associations (NANDA's) general definition of constipation was used as a frame of reference for this study. The Bristol Stool Scale was used to measure stool consistency. Prolonged and difficult evacuation and defecation pattern was recorded on a self-composed scale. RESULTS Fifty per cent of patients developed constipation during the first postoperative period and their normal pattern of defecation was re-established 17 days after discharge. Nearly one third of the patients reported that their daily life was affected by constipation after discharge. CONCLUSION The results imply that further studies are needed to prevent constipation and to help patients to cope with this side effect of surgery after discharge. The results of this study also suggest that acute and chronic constipation might be two different disorders.
Employment Entitlements: Development, Access, Flexibility and Protection

"Employment entitlements are currently in the public policy domain largely due to the loss of entitlements associated with corporate failure and to the absence of a specific entitlement, paid maternity leave, in the Australian benefits system. This article overviews the range of entitlements available in Australia, the access to entitlements and discusses the conceptual and policy issues surrounding entitlements. In turn this article serves as an introduction for this collection of papers on employment entitlements in Australia. "
Hyper-Ag-specific Ab Production in NC/Nga Mice is not associated with Deletion Polymorphism in the Promotor Region of the FcγRIIB Gene

Problem statement: NC/Nga (NC) mice produced high levels of ovalbumin (OVA)- specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a. We previously found deletion polymorphisms in the promoter region of fcgr2b in NC mice. To determine whether this mutation causes a hyper-humoral immune response, we generated congenic BALB/c mice carrying the NC-type fcgr2b allele (NC fcgr2b) and analyzed humoral immune response and Fc γRIIB on germinal center (GC) B cells. Approach: BALB/c, NC and BALB/c- NC fcgr2b congenic mice were immunized with OVA 2 times at a 2-week-interval. Levels of OVA-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a in serum were determined by ELISA. Four-color (anti- B220, anti-IgD, 2.4G2 and PNA) flow cytometry analysis was performed on splenocytes obtained from OVA-immunized mice and levels of Fc γRIIB in GC (IgD-PNA high ) and non-GC (IgD+PNA low ) B cells were analyzed. Results: Although perturbed up-regulation of Fc γRIIB on GC B was observed in congenic mice, levels of OVA-specific Abs were comparable to those in BALB/c mice. Conclusion: NC fcgr2b affects the level of Fc γRIIB in GC B cells but that the reduced Fc γRIIB expression is not related to enhanced Ag-specific A b responses in NC mice.
Variance Function Regression in Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort Models

Two long-standing research problems of interest to sociologists are sources of variations in social inequalities and differential contributions of the temporal dimensions of age, time period, and cohort to variations in social phenomena. Recently, scholars have introduced a model called Variance Function Regression for the study of the former problem, and a model called Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort regression has been developed for the study of the latter. This article presents an integration of these two models as a means to study the evolution of social inequalities along distinct temporal dimensions. We apply the integrated model to survey data on subjective health status. We find substantial age, period, and cohort effects, as well as gender differences, not only for the conditional mean of self-rated health (i.e., between-group disparities), but also for the variance in this mean (i.e., within-group disparities)—and it is detection of age, period, and cohort variations in the latter disparities that application of the integrated model permits. Net of effects of age and individual-level covariates, in recent decades, cohort differences in conditional means of self-rated health have been less important than period differences that cut across all cohorts. By contrast, cohort differences of variances in these conditional means have dominated period differences. In particular, post-baby boom birth cohorts show significant and increasing levels of within-group disparities. These findings illustrate how the integrated model provides a powerful framework through which to identify and study the evolution of variations in social inequalities across age, period, and cohort temporal dimensions. Accordingly, this model should be broadly applicable to the study of social inequality in many different substantive contexts.
Efficacy of amphotericin B encapsulated in liposomes (AmBisome) in the treatment of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients.

One hundred and twenty-six patients were treated for 137 episodes of fungal infection with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) at 43 investigational centres. Among the patients were 72 with malignancies, 17 organ transplant recipients, 20 patients with immunological disorders and 17 others. AmBisome treatment was instituted after toxicity from previous amphotericin B treatment in 49 cases, nephrotoxicity or renal insufficiency in 40 and failure of previous antifungal treatment in 41. One hundred and eight episodes were clinically evaluable; among these 52 were caused by Candida spp. and 34 by Aspergillus spp. Ninety-nine patients were treated for at least eight days with a maximum dose of 0.7-5 mg/kg/day. Among 64 cases with proven invasive fungal infection 58% were cured. Fungi were eradicated in 35 of 54 (65%) mycologically evaluable cases. The cumulative dose was 3.2 +/- 3.2 (mean +/- S.D.) in cases where fungi were eradicated in comparison with 3.3 +/- 2.3 g in cases where fungi persisted. The eradication rate was 83% for Candida spp. compared with 41% for Aspergillus spp. (P less than 0.01). Among 24 cases with presumptive invasive fungal infections 14 (58%) were cured. Candida spp. were eradicated in seven of ten of these cases. Among 11 cases with superficial fungal infections eight were cured and three improved. Candida spp. were eradicated in four of five patients. It is concluded that AmBisome is an effective antifungal agent in a majority of patients with invasive or superficial fungal infections.
Binding of p53 to the KIX Domain of CREB Binding Protein

The pleiotropic cellular coactivator CREB binding protein (CBP) plays a critical role in supporting p53-dependent tumor suppressor functions. p53 has been shown to directly interact with a carboxyl-terminal region of CBP for recruitment of the coactivator to p53-responsive genes. In this report, we identify the KIX domain as a new p53 contact point on CBP. We show that both recombinant and endogenous forms of p53 specifically interact with KIX. We demonstrate that the activation domain of p53 participates in KIX binding and provide evidence showing that this interaction is critical for p53 transactivation function. The human T-cell leukemia virus, type-I-encoded oncoprotein Tax is a well established repressor of p53 transcription function. Like p53, Tax also binds to KIX. The finding that both transcription factors bind to a common region of CBP suggests that coactivator competition may account for the observed repression. We demonstrate reciprocal repression between Tax and p53 in transient transfection assays, supporting the idea of intracellular coactivator competition. We biochemically confirm coactivator competition by directly showing that both transcription factors bind to KIX in a mutually exclusive fashion. These data provide molecular evidence for the observed intracellular competition and suggest that Tax inhibits p53 function by abrogating a novel p53-KIX interaction. Thus, Tax competition for the p53-KIX complex may be a pivotal event in the human T-cell leukemia virus, type I transformation pathway.
Prevalence of Low-Level HIV-1 Variants with Reverse Transcriptase Mutation K65R and the Effect of Antiretroviral Drug Exposure on Variant Levels

Background It has been reported that treatment-naive individuals infected with HIV-1 subtype C may be more likely to harbour viral variants possessing a K65R reverse transcriptase gene mutation. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of low-level K65R variants within different HIV-1 subtypes and to assess the effects of antiretroviral exposure on K65R variant levels. Methods Treatment-naive individuals infected with different HIV-1 subtypes were genotyped by ultra-deep sequencing. Samples were evaluated for low-level variants to 0.4% or 1% levels depending upon viral load. Estimated mutational load was calculated by multiplying the percentage of the variant by the plasma viral load. Results A total of 411 treatment-naive individuals were evaluated by ultra-deep sequencing to 1% levels; 4 subjects (0.97%) had K65R variants at ≥1% or had a very high mutation load. All four subjects had variants with linked drug resistance mutations suggesting transmitted resistant variants. 147 ARV-naive subjects were sequenced to 0.4% levels; 8.8% (13/147) had K65R low-level variants identified: 2.2% (2/92) in subtype B, 35.7% (10/28) in subtype C (P<0.001 for B versus C) and 3.7% (1/27) in non-B/C subtypes. The 13 ARV-naive subjects with K65R variants at <1% received tenofovir plus emtricitabine plus a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (TDF+FTC+PI/r) and 5 subsequently experienced virological failure. There was no enhancement in K65R levels by percentage or mutational load compared to pre-therapy levels. Conclusions Low-level K65R variants were more frequently identified in subtype C. K65R variants at >1% levels likely represent transmitted resistant variants. The clinical implication of low-level K65R variants below 1% in treatment-naive subjects who receive TDF+FTC+PI/r remains to be determined as the majority are very low-level and did not increase after antiretroviral exposure.
Physical activity and breast cancer risk in a cohort of young women.

BACKGROUND Increased physical activity has been hypothesized to be a means of breast cancer prevention. We examined the associations between physical activity at two different times in life and breast cancer risk. METHODS We analyzed data from the Nurses' Health Study II, a prospective study of women aged 25-42 years in 1989. On the baseline survey, women were asked, "While in high school and between the ages 18 and 22 years, how often did you participate in strenuous physical activity at least twice a week? " We averaged answers to these two questions to develop a measure of late adolescent activity. Women were also asked at baseline to report the number of hours per week they currently spent in different nonoccupational activities. During 6 years of follow-up, we identified 372 cases of invasive breast cancer. Data were analyzed by use of multivariate pooled logistic regression to produce relative risk (RR) and confidence intervals (CIs) of being diagnosed with the disease. RESULTS Women who were more active in late adolescence were not at reduced risk of breast cancer compared with less active women. For those women who reported engaging in strenuous activity at least twice per week for 10-12 months per year in late adolescence, the RR of cancer, compared with those who never engaged in such activity, was 1.1 (95% CI = 0.8-1.6). Similarly, higher levels of recent nonoccupational physical activity were not associated with reduced risk of breast cancer (RR for > or = 7 hours of activity/week relative to < 1 hour/week = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.8-1.5). CONCLUSION Our findings do not support a link between physical activity, in late adolescence or in the recent past, and breast cancer risk among young adult women.
Nanomechanical Basis of Selective Gating by the Nuclear Pore Complex

The nuclear pore complex regulates cargo transport between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. We set out to correlate the governing biochemical interactions to the nanoscopic responses of the phenylalanineglycine (FG)–rich nucleoporin domains, which are involved in attenuating or promoting cargo translocation. We found that binding interactions with the transport receptor karyopherin-β1 caused the FG domains of the human nucleoporin Nup153 to collapse into compact molecular conformations. This effect was reversed by the action of Ran guanosine triphosphate, which returned the FG domains into a polymer brush-like, entropic barrier conformation. Similar effects were observed in Xenopus oocyte nuclei in situ. Thus, the reversible collapse of the FG domains may play an important role in regulating nucleocytoplasmic transport.
A case study of the progressive impact of school-wide positive behavior support on five selected student performance factors in a Missouri K-12 alternative public school

The purpose of this case study was to examine the School-Wide Positive Behavior Support (SWPBS) impact on five selected student performance factors. A literature review revealed there have been many SWPBS research studies regarding traditional public schools. However, there have not been any published empirical SWPBS studies involving K-12 alternative public schools. Addressing this gap in the literature a Midwestern K-12 alternative public school involving 1,164 students was studied 2007-08 through 2010-11. Data were collected through several school information systems including School Administration Student Information System (SASI), School-Wide Information System (SWIS), and Power School. The independent variable SWPBS was investigated regarding its impact on the five dependent variables academic achievement, attendance, office discipline referrals, dropout rate, and persistence to graduation. Frequencies and percentages of each variable were analyzed using the Chi-square ). Previous studies at traditional public schools reported SWPBS positively impacted the five student performance factors, however this case study did not yield any
Parent and teacher perceptions of school partnerships in New Hampshire schools

PARENT AND TEACHER PERCEPTIONS OF SCHOOL PARTNERSHIPS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE SCHOOLS By Brenda J. Zarnowski University of New Hampshire, May 2010 Barbara H. Krysiak and Todd A. DeMitchell Dissertation Co-Advisors This quantitative, descriptive study assessed parent and teacher perceptions of the extent to which exemplary school-family-community partnership practices were being implemented at elementary and secondary schools within the state of New Hampshire. The teacher and parent participants were organized into four paired groups and were asked to indicate the frequency with which activities, that exemplify Epstein's six types of school-familycommunity partnership practices, were utilized at their respective schools to determine whether significant differences exist among teachers' and parent's perceptions of partnership program implementation. The sample for this study was drawn from forty two elementary and secondary public schools across the state of xiv New Hampshire and a forced response survey device gathered information to determine parents' and teachers' perceptions about practices that create a comprehensive program of school-family partnerships. Analysis of the survey data revealed significant variability in the perceptions of three paired groups of elementary and secondary school teachers and parents and negligible differences were observed in the perceptions of one paired group of teachers and parents. Additionally, the survey results determined that school level significantly influenced perceptions held by teachers and parents. In addition to testing the formal hypotheses concerning the differences in perceptions of partnership activities between study groups, the results of the study were used to assess the extent to which schools represented in the sample were implementing the partnership model and it was determined most were deficient in their implementation of partnership practices. Recommendations for future quantitative research into school-community partnerships are included in the study as are several recommendations regarding practice.
Bondy Procedure: Our Experience

Bondy procedure is modification of the radical mastoidectomy, where the mastoid and epitympanum are exteriorized with preservation of pars tensa and ossicular chain. A prospective study was conducted between January 2014 and January 2018 for a period of 4 years. 30 patients, who had cholesteatoma limited to the mastoid and epitympanum, lateral to the ossicles with intact pars tensa and ossicular chain underwent modified bondy procedure. Post operative follow up was done at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. Mastoid cavity was inspected for residual disease, recurrence of cholesteatoma, discharge and meatal stenosis. Post operative hearing assessment was done at 3 months. During follow up, no recurrence and residual disease were observed and no significant changes were seen in hearing level and air bone gap. This prospective study concludes that bondy procedure is a very effective surgical procedure with good outcome and preservation of residual hearing.
Emergency Control of AR Drone Quadrotor UAV Suffering a Total Loss of One Rotor

In this paper, an emergency fault-tolerant controller is developed for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) suffering a total loss of one actuator (rotor/motor). The proposed controller is based on control allocation where the infected actuator is exempted from the control effect, and control efforts are redistributed among healthy actuators. As a result, the emergency controller transforms the infected quadrotor into a trirotor and uses the remaining actuators to ensure that the UAV continues following its path. The main advantage of the new controller is that it uses the same simple proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller applied in fault-free cases by redistributing its controls, rather than designing complex and memory consumable controllers. Experimental results using the augmented reality (AR) Drone 2 platform show that by implementing the quadrotor to trirotor conversion maneuver, the nominal PID controller gains powerful fault-tolerant capabilities and the infected UAV is successful in maintaining its desired path. Performance degradation seen as oscillations did not cause the drone to crash despite the total loss of yaw control, the presence of activation delay, the nonsymmetric structure of the trirotor, and its odd number of rotors that produces imbalance of the rotor moments.
A Study of Experiential Quality, Experiential Value, Experiential Satisfaction, Theme Park Image, and Revisit Intention

This study aims at identifying the dimensions of experiential quality and investigating the interrelationships among experiential quality, experiential value, experiential satisfaction, theme park image, and revisit intention perceived by theme park visitors. Analysis of data from 424 visitors in Janfusan Fancyworld of Taiwan indicates that the proposed model fits the data well. The results reveal that there are 4 primary dimensions and 11 subdimensions of experiential quality perceived by theme park visitors. In addition, the results indicate that physical environment quality is identified as the most primary dimension of experiential quality perceived by theme park visitors.
Why Mortgage Borrowers Persevere: An Explanation of First and Second Lien Performance Mismatch

Borrowers with a pair of mortgages collateralized by the same property sometimes continue to make payments on one while defaulting on the other. We articulate a framework for understanding this performance mismatch that emphasizes two types of borrowers: those with stable equity positions who perceive they are facing moderate or temporary liquidity shocks, and those facing severe financial stress in combination with negative equity. The former have an incentive to enter mismatch and subsequently cure, while the latter would default on both contracts. Our empirical analysis using newly available, national samples of matched firstâ€ and secondâ€ lien mortgages supports this view.