Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts of corporate governance on Asian REITs performance

Abstract The results indicate that corporate governance not only helps to improve the return on assets (ROA) but also helps to gauge excess returns of REITs even though the Asian REIT industry is a highly regulated industry. The findings also found that REIT organization, remuneration matters and fees decrease the performance of Asian REITs. However, gearing and related party transactions are found to enhance the performance and accelerate the growth of REITs. Besides that, board matters, audit and fees have significant negative impacts on Tobin’s q. Also audit is found to reduce the returns of Asian REITs. However, interestingly, the ownership has significant positive impact on Tobin’s q. In addition, the block ownership also helps to curtail and mitigate excess returns of REITs in Asia. This also implies that unitholders are generally and minimally protected. The findings imply that the REIT managers face substantial cost in adjusting to equilibrium level whereby the optimum level is always dynamic and not constant, and it persists over time. This also implies that agency costs exist in the existing externally managed REIT structure in Asian REITs. This also implies that Asian REITs could consider redefining the REIT management structure such as the internally managed REIT structure. The findings of this study indicated the need for improvements, transformation and reform in the REIT regime in order to increase the transparency and disclosure of corporate governance of REITs that could facilitate continuous strategic development and growth of REITs in Asia.
EFFECT OF RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON THE FINANCIAL GROWTH OF SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVES IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA

Globally, financial institutions have been facing various degrees of risk management; and SACCOs are not exceptional. The study examined the effect of risk management practices on the financial growth of SACCOs in Nakuru County, Kenya. Particularly, the study investigated the effect of risk function and risk analysis on the financial growth of SACCOs in this county. A survey design was adopted in this study. The study targeted all the 156 credit, finance and management staff. A sample of 61 respondents obtained through stratified random sampling participated in the study. A structured questionnaire was employed which was pilot tested to assess its reliability and validity. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Study findings were presented in form of statistical tables. The study found that risk analysis had significant effect on financial growth while risk function profile had a positive but not substantial effect on financial growth. It was recommended that risk function profiling should be upheld and that SACCOs should continue analyzing the levels of risk of prospective borrowers.
Immunological Studies on the Mechanism of Gold Hypersensitivity Reactions

Immunological studies were performed on 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who developed reactions to gold. IgE levels were found to be raised in 10 of 11 patients tested at the time of the gold reaction, returning to normal on stopping therapy. Two of 12 patients with gold reactions had positive in-vitro lymphocyte transformation responses to gold. It is suggested that dermatological side effects in particular are mediated by a type I hypersensitivity response.
Why So Slow The Advancement Of Women

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Governance mechanisms as a means of increasing consumer trust in online exchanges: a signaling perspective

This dissertation examines a current phenomenon of electronic commerce: many consumers seem to be uncomfortable or unwilling in the process of making online transactions. This lack of trust stems in part from the online exchange process itself where consumers are deprived of many traditional cues that they would use to evaluate this process. This research focuses on consumer perceptions of regulatory governance in online exchanges and how signals of governance might act to increase consumer trust in online transactions. An experimental methodology was used to examine the effects of different types of structures on consumer perceptions and to provide direction for public policy makers as well as online businesses and private regulatory entities.
A large salmonellosis outbreak associated with a frequently penalized restaurant

SUMMARY Between January and June 1990, Restaurant A in Greenville, South Carolina repeatedly failed local health department inspection and was repeatedly sanctioned. In September 1990, two persons, hospitalized with salmonellosis after attending a convention catered by Restaurant A, contacted the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. We inspected Restaurant A, interviewed food handlers, and surveyed by telephone persons from every sixth business attending the convention. Of 398 persons interviewed, 135 (34%) reported gastroenteritis. Nine had culture-confirmed salmonella infection. People who ate turkey were 4.6 times more likely to become ill than those who did not eat turkey (95% confidence interval 2.0, 10.6). We estimate that of 2430 attendees, 824 became ill. Sanitarians judged Restaurant A's kitchen too small to prepare over 500 meals safely. The cooked turkey was unrefrigerated for several hours, incompletely rewarmed, and rinsed with water to reduce its offensive odour prior to serving. Stronger sanctions may be needed against restaurants that repeatedly fail local health department inspection.
Phase III study of docetaxel and cisplatin plus fluorouracil compared with cisplatin and fluorouracil as first-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer: a report of the V325 Study Group.

PURPOSE In the randomized, multinational phase II/III trial (V325) of untreated advanced gastric cancer patients, the phase II part selected docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (DCF) over docetaxel and cisplatin for comparison against cisplatin and fluorouracil (CF; reference regimen) in the phase III part. PATIENTS AND METHODS Advanced gastric cancer patients were randomly assigned to docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 (day 1) plus fluorouracil 750 mg/m2/d (days 1 to 5) every 3 weeks or cisplatin 100 mg/m2 (day 1) plus fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m2/d (days 1 to 5) every 4 weeks. The primary end point was time-to-progression (TTP). RESULTS In 445 randomly assigned and treated patients (DCF = 221; CF = 224), TTP was longer with DCF versus CF (32% risk reduction; log-rank P < .001). Overall survival was longer with DCF versus CF (23% risk reduction; log-rank P = .02). Two-year survival rate was 18% with DCF and 9% with CF. Overall response rate was higher with DCF (chi2 P = .01). Grade 3 to 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 69% (DCF) v 59% (CF) of patients. Frequent grade 3 to 4 toxicities for DCF v CF were: neutropenia (82% v 57%), stomatitis (21% v 27%), diarrhea (19% v 8%), lethargy (19% v 14%). Complicated neutropenia was more frequent with DCF than CF (29% v 12%). CONCLUSION Adding docetaxel to CF significantly improved TTP, survival, and response rate in gastric cancer patients, but resulted in some increase in toxicity. Incorporation of docetaxel, as in DCF or with other active drug(s), is a new therapy option for patients with untreated advanced gastric cancer.
Adjusting to Globalization: Evidence from Heterogeneous Worker-Establishment Matches in Germany

In this paper, we address the causal effect of rising international trade exposure on individual earnings and job stability, over a long time period, in heterogeneous worker-establishment matches across various industries in Germany. The specific globalization episode we analyze is the unprecedented rise in German trade with Eastern Europe and China during the period 1999-2010. To account for unobservable shocks we use trade flows of other high-income countries as instruments for German sectoral trade exposure. Our main finding is that increased competition from imports of the industry where the respective worker is employed tends to reduce workers’ expected employment durations and long term earnings. By contrast, higher export exposure increases the expected employment outcomes, and this second effect tends to be quantitatively more important than the first one. In the aggregate, we therefore find that rising trade with “the East” has led to a stabilization of individual employment biographies and higher earnings. We then investigate how workers are affected differently, depending on their personal attributes and on the characteristics of their initial employer. We find that medium-skilled workers are affected most strongly by trade shocks. Furthermore, the job positive effects of globalization is strongest for workers of highly productive plants, while workers from the least productive plants suffer most from increased competition from abroad. JEL-Classification: F16, J31, R11
Cutting Edge: IL-15–Independent Maintenance of Mucosally Generated Memory CD8 T Cells

Effective vaccines against intracellular pathogens rely on the generation and maintenance of memory CD8 T cells (Tmem). Hitherto, evidence has indicated that CD8 Tmem use the common γ-chain cytokine IL-15 for their steady-state maintenance in the absence of Ag. This evidence, however, has been amassed predominantly from models of acute, systemic infections. Given that the route of infection can have significant impact on the quantity and quality of the resultant Tmem, reliance on limited models of infection may restrict our understanding of long-term CD8 Tmem survival. In this article, we show IL-15–independent generation, maintenance, and function of CD8 Tmem after respiratory infection with influenza virus. Importantly, we demonstrate that alternating between mucosal and systemic deliveries of the identical virus prompts this change in IL-15 dependence, necessitating a re-evaluation of the current model of CD8 Tmem maintenance.
Frequency-Dependent Resistance of Litz-Wire Square Solenoid Coils and Quality Factor Optimization for Wireless Power Transfer

In order to achieve the highest efficiency of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, the quality factor of the resonant coil should be as high as possible. Due to the skin effect and the proximity effect, the coil resistance increases with the increase in the frequency. The highest quality factor exists for the optimal frequency together with the corresponding frequency-dependent inductor resistance. This paper employs the Biot-Savart law to calculate the magnetic field strength, which results in the proximity-effect resistance in single-layer litz-wire square solenoid coils without a magnetic core. A strand-number coefficient is introduced to reflect the influence of the strand number inside the wire bundle on the proximity-effect resistance. The coefficient is obtained through simple inductor resistance measurements for various numbers of litz-wire strands. The optimal frequency for the highest quality factor is derived based on the resistance evaluation. Several prototype coils were manufactured to verify the resistance analysis. Two 50 cm × 50 cm square coils were employed to construct a WPT prototype. The maximum dc-dc efficiency of this WPT was about 75% at 100-cm distance.
Measuring the use of human resources practices and employee attitudes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new data source available for researchers with interest in human resources management (HRM) and personnel economics, the Linked Personnel Panel (LPP). Design/methodology/approach – The LPP is a longitudinal and representative employer-employee data set covering establishments in Germany and a subset of their workforce and is designed for quantitative empirical human resource research. Findings – The LPP employee survey applies a number of established scales to measure job characteristics and job perceptions, personal characteristics, employee attitudes towards the organization and employee behaviour. This paper gives an overview of both the employer and employee survey and outlines the definitions, origins, and statistical properties of the scales used in the individual questionnaire. Practical implications – The paper describes how researchers can access the data. Originality/value – First, the data set combines employer and employee surveys that can .
[Influences of Oral Health Behaviors, Depression and Stress on Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women].

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of oral health behaviors, depression, and stress on periodontal disease in pregnant women. METHODS The participants in this study were 129 pregnant women. Data were collected using questionnaires which included individual characteristics, oral health care behaviors, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), a global measure of perceived stress, and pregnancy stress. A dentist measured periodontal probing depth and classified stages of periodontal disease according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. RESULTS Periodontal disease had significant correlations with oral health care behaviors (r=-.56, p<.001), perceived stress (r=.44 p<.001), pregnancy stress (r=.37 p<.001), diet (r=-.33, p<.001) and depression (r=.18 p=.046). Factors influencing periodontal disease for these pregnant women were being in the 2nd (β=.27, p<.001) or 3rd trimester (β=.45, p<.001), having a pregnancy induced disease (β=.20, p=.002), performing higher oral health behaviors (β=-.30, p<.001), and having higher perceived stress (β=.17, p=.028). The explanation power of this regression model was 61.6% (F=15.52, p<.001). CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicated that periodic assessment of periodontal disease is essential for pregnant women who are in 2nd or 3rd trimester and have pregnancy induced diseases. Enhancing oral health care behaviors and reducing perceived stress are indicated as effective strategies to reduce periodontal disease in pregnant women.
Thorn-forking in continuous logic

Abstract We study thorn forking and rosiness in the context of continuous logic. We prove that the Urysohn sphere is rosy (with respect to finitary imaginaries), providing the first example of an essentially continuous unstable theory with a nice notion of independence. In the process, we show that a real rosy theory which has weak elimination of finitary imaginaries is rosy with respect to finitary imaginaries, a fact which is new even for discrete first-order real rosy theories.
The pelvis of the free‐tailed bat: Sexual dimorphism and pregnancy changes

There are constant morphological differences between the bony pelves of adult males and females that constitute a sexual dimorphism. A convexity along the caudal border of the ischiopubic ramus and a bony projection bordering the pubic joint are present only in the male. The pubic joint in the male is a typical symphysis, whereas in the female it consists of an interpubic ligament interconnecting the coxal bones. The ligament contains an abundance of elastic fibers interspersed among collagenous fibers. The disparity between the size of the pelvic birth canal of the pregnant bat and the single full‐term fetus is so great that during parturition the interpubic ligament stretches to more than 15 times its original length.
A Study on Dengue Knowledge , Attitude , Practices and their Impact on Aedes aegypti Population in Lahore , Pakistan

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: Accepted: Online: Aug 27, 2015 Nov 23, 2015 Nov 27, 2015 A study was conducted to investigate the awareness, attitude and practices of common people about dengue vector and its impact on control of Aedes (A.) aegypti population in Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected during 2010 to 2011 by a questionnaire method. In total, 1000 open ended questionnaires were distributed among different houses, teachers, employees, workers and students. Out of the total, 940 filled questionnaires were received back from the respondents, of which, 400 were from different houses and 540 from students (graduates, post graduates, intermediate, and secondary schools), teachers, employees and workers of different institutions. The results showed significantly different (P<0.05) demographic characteristics of Dengue Fever/ Dengue Hemorrhage fever (DF/DHF) patients for age and sex. Significant (χ2 =366.29) differences between alive DF/DHF susceptible patients were found, whereas the differences between dead DF/DHF susceptible patients were non-significant (P=0.13). Area-wise distribution revealed maximum prevalence of DF/DHF at Allama Iqbal Town, whereas minimum prevalence (1.8%) was observed at Aziz Bhati and Wahga Towns of Lahore. Similarly, overall patients of DF/DHF were greater in 2011 compared with those in 2010. Regarding gender, female patients were greater than male patients and children. The patients between 16 to 25 years of age had highest percentage of DF/DHF. The preventive practices from dengue mosquito adopted by the respondents were sprays (66.7%), coils (51.38%) and mosqoils (36.81%). In conclusion, this study suggests conducting these types of studiesfor generation of data bases from public that may serve as a baseline for controlling A. aegypti population and formulating policies against epidemics by the competent authorities.
How Does Legitimacy Operate in Emerging Capital Markets? Investigating the Moderating Effects of Premium Listings and Firm Size on Risk

Drawing on an institutional theoretical perspective, we investigated the impact of the origins of organizational legitimacy on systematic risk using a sample of 358 Brazilian companies between the years 2002 and 2007. We regard three origins of legitimacy – formal-regulatory (presence in premium listings), cultural-cognitive (board of directors), and normative (reputation) legitimacy – to empirically investigate how the company's size and adherence to premium lists moderate other sources of legitimacy. Our results indicate that only under apparently better-quality corporate governance conditions – presence in premium listings – corporate reputation and the board of directors reduce systematic risk. In addition, we show that the effect of reputation on risk is positively moderated by firm size.
Auditory hallucinations: phenomenology, neuropsychology and neuroimaging update

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are a cardinal feature of psychosis. Recent research is reviewed which has attempted to advance our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying this symptom. Phenomenological surveys have confirmed the importance of the content of such hallucinations and their meaning to the voice‐hearer. Psychological and neuroimaging studies of inner speech and source monitoring have provided a neuropsychological framework for AVHs as well as some novel therapeutic strategies. There have also been successful attempts to ‘capture’ neural activity coincident with the experience of hallucinations using PET, SPECT and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This body of knowledge in combination with work on in‐vivo receptor binding (dopamine and GABA) provides the beginnings of a cognitive and ncurophysiological understanding of this complex and intriguing phenomenon.
Profit Shifting and Tax - Rate Uncertainty

We demonstrate the importance for the potency of profit shifting activity of risk factors related to macroeconomic and fiscal stability in countries where multinational subsidiaries reside. Using firm-level data for 1,241 parent firms from 24 countries and 12,698 subsidiaries in 43 countries, we first identify prevalent profit-shifting in periods (or subsidiaries’ countries) with low macroeconomic risk. Subsequently, we show that even in periods of low macroeconomic risk, profit-shifting is stronger to subsidiaries in countries with stable corporate tax rates over time (low fiscal-risk countries). We contend that especially low fiscal risk is a prerequisite for identifying significant profit-shifting.
The Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus, Including Gestational Diabetes

The process of diagnosing diabetes mellitus cannot be regarded as an exact science. It has evolved over many years and even now continues to change as our knowledge and perception of the condition alter. In the majority of cases the diagnosis is not difficult, but a dilemma does exist in the rather wide and hazy zone between normality and obvious diabetes. There are also certain situations, such as pregnancy, where special factors apply and which require separate consideration. Of course, diabetes mellitus is not a single entity. It comprises different types with different aetiologies, e.g. type I (insulindependent), type II (non-insulin-dependent), maturity onset diabetes of the young, etc., and these may present in different ways, be attended by different complications and require different methods of treatment. Nevertheless, they are all associated with greater or lesser degrees of carbohydrate intolerance and current methods of diagnosis usually depend on this without providing any differentiation by type.
Spinal Epidural Abscess: Early Clinical Outcome in Patients Treated Medically

Treatment of spinal epidural abscess has been based on surgical debridement. Medical treatment with antibiotics has been proposed as an alternative, but data on its efficacy are limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the early clinical outcome of medical treatment. This is a retrospective review of 52 patients with a spinal epidural abscess who were treated at our institution. Medical treatment was selected if no systemic sepsis was present and the neurologic examination was normal or stable (radiculopathy or signs of partial cord compression present for more than 72 hours before admission without deterioration). Twenty-nine patients had medical treatment and 23 patients were treated surgically. Medical treatment resulted in good or excellent early neurologic outcome in 24 of 29 patients (83%) at a median followup of 2 months. Three patients (11%) had failed medical treatment and required surgery and one patient (3%) who had severe comorbidities died. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common infectious pathogen, isolated in 28 of 36 positive cultures (78%). Medical treatment is a viable alternative to surgery for selected patients with a spinal epidural abscess. However, close clinical followup is essential and surgical decompression should be done when neurologic deterioration or development of systemic sepsis is observed. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV-1 (case series). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.