Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"Three-Year Reproducibility of Natural Head Position; A Longitudinal Study "

of problem: Few longitudinal studies have evaluated the reproducibility of natural head position (NHP) with more than six months follow-up. Purpose: The present investigation was conducted to estimate the reproducibility of NHP in adult cases after three years. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 27 volunteer dental students, 19-29 years of age. One radiograph and two photographs were taken in a NHP. The time interval between the two photographs was 4 to 10 minutes (short-term period) and a radiograph was taken approximately 2 years, 6 months after the first photograph. These were obtained by one operator and device in standing subjects. In order to evaluate NHP reproducibility, the photographs and radiographs were superimposed on the true vertical line and the angle between the true horizontal (from N') and N'-Pog' was assessed. The mean, standard deviation (SD) and confidence interval of the three angles along with short- and long-term method errors were calculated. Correlation coefficient of the angles was analyzed according to time. The differences of registration in genders were determined by t-test. Results: Short-term reproducibility between the two photographs was 2.44o and the long term reproducibility between the first photograph-radiograph and the second photograph-radiograph was 3.23o and 3.38o, respectively. Method error in registration of NHP by photography and radiography showed no systematic bias. Gender had no significant effect on reproducibility. Conclusion: NHP is a reproducible position in adults after 3 years. This position is more consistent in men. Photographic and radiographic registrations of NHP indicate similar results.
Tropical atmospheric circulation response to the G1 sunshade geoengineering radiative forcing experiment

Abstract. We investigate the multi-Earth system model response of the Walker circulation and Hadley circulations under the idealized solar radiation management scenario (G1) and under abrupt4xCO2. The Walker circulation multi-model ensemble mean shows changes in some regions but no significant change in intensity under G1, while it shows a 4∘ eastward movement and 1.9 × 109 kg s−1 intensity decrease in abrupt4xCO2. Variation in the Walker circulation intensity has the same high correlation with sea surface temperature gradient between the eastern and western Pacific under both G1 and abrupt4xCO2. The Hadley circulation shows significant differences in behavior between G1 and abrupt4xCO2, with intensity reductions in the seasonal maximum northern and southern cells under G1 correlated with equatorward motion of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Southern and northern cells have a significantly different response, especially under abrupt4xCO2 when impacts on the southern Ferrel cell are particularly clear. The southern cell is about 3 % stronger under abrupt4xCO2 in July, August and September than under piControl, while the northern is reduced by 2 % in January, February and March. Both circulations are reduced under G1. There are significant relationships between northern cell intensity and land temperatures, but not for the southern cell. Changes in the meridional temperature gradients account for changes in Hadley intensity better than changes in static stability in G1 and especially in abrupt4xCO2. The difference in the response of the zonal Walker circulation and the meridional Hadley circulations under the idealized forcings may be driven by the zonal symmetric relative cooling of the tropics under G1.
Dependence of the Structure, Optical Phonon Modes and Dielectric Properties on Pressure in Wurtzite GaN and AlN

The density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) is employed to study the structure, optical phonon modes and dielectric properties for wurtzite GaN and AlN under hydrostatic pressure. In order to calculate accurately the Born effective charges and high frequency dielectric tensors, we utilize two sum rules to monitor this calculation. The calculated optical phonon frequencies and longitudinal-transverse splitting show an increasing with pressure, whereas the Born effective charges and high frequency dielectric tensors are found to decrease with pressure. In particular, we analysed the reason for discrepancy between this calculation and previous experimental determination of pressure dependence of the LO-TO splitting in AlN. The different pressure behavior of the structural and lattice-dynamical properties of GaN and AlN is discussed in terms of the strengths of the covalent bonds and crystal anisotropy. Our results regarding dielectric Gruneisen parameter are predictions and may serve as a reference.
Characterization of rambutan plants by foliar aspects

The present study was conducted to verify the possible distinct genotypes and material sexes of rambutanusing foliar aspects, enabling the recognition of plants in the early stages of development. Ten productive plants and ten male plants were selected, and they were named according to their arrangement in the orchard. They were evaluated for leaf and leaflet size (length and width in cm), leaflet area (cm2), the number of leaflets, rachis length (cm), length gaps between the leaves (cm), and the color (L*, a*, b*, C* e H*) of the leaflets (superior and inferior surfaces). The data were subjected to an analysis of variance using an F test, and the means were compared using the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05). A cluster analysis of twenty genotypes was performed from the matrix of Euclidean distances. Based on the results obtained in this experiment, it can be concluded that the characteristics related to the color of the leaflets can be a leaf differential aspect in production plants as observed in the plants LB10_F, LB11_F and LB91_F. The multivariate analyses showed that there is low genetic distance between the studied plants; based on the foliar aspects analyzed, it was not possible to identify a discriminatory feature for all plants of the same sex. Key words: Leaves, leaflets, Nephelium lappaceum, morphology.
Media Coverage and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns

By reaching a broad population of investors, mass media can alleviate informational frictions and affect security pricing even if it does not supply genuine news. We investigate this hypothesis by studying the cross-sectional relation between media coverage and expected stock returns. We find that stocks with no media coverage earn higher returns than stocks with high media coverage even after controlling for well-known risk-factors. These results are more pronounced among small stocks and stocks with high individual ownership, low analyst following, and high idiosyncratic volatility. Our findings suggest that the breadth of information dissemination affects stock returns.
Euro money market interest rate dynamics and volatility: how they respond to recent changes in the operational framework

At the beginning of 2004, the Eurosystem implemented several modifications of its operational framework and liquidity management aiming at enhancing market efficiency. The purpose of this article is to study the effects of theses changes in the spread between the Eonia and the minimum bid rate. Our results reflect that both the operational changes as well as the new liquidity management are responsible for a significant decrease in the interest rate volatility.
Students' Conception and Application of Mechanical Equilibrium Through Their Sketches

Nicole received her B.S. in Engineering Physics at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) in May 2013. She is currently working towards a PhD in Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) under Professor Angus Rockett and Geoffrey Herman. Her research is a mixture between understanding defect behavior in solar cells and student learning in Materials Science. Outside of research she helps plan the Girls Learning About Materials (GLAM) summer camp for high school girls at UIUC.
Half-Life Deviations from PPP in the SADC

This paper utilises various recently developed econometric methods to obtain better approximations to the half-life for real exchange rates of ten South African Development Community (SADC) countries and to generate confidence intervals for half-life deviations from the purchasing power parity (PPP). The robust methods of Stock (1991), Elliott and Stock (2001), and Hansen (1999) imply that point estimates of less than 36 months exist, making them compatible with PPP. However, the results of ADF and ADF-GLS tests render the SADC real exchange rates as nonstationary processes, a result that is patently at odds with mean-reversion, implying at the same time the possibility of infinite half-lives. Therefore the empirical results appearing in this paper do not convincingly resolve the half-life version of the PPP puzzle and leaves room for future research in the directions of non-parametric methods and median unbiased confidence intervals.
Accommodating satisficing behaviour in stated choice experiments

Accumulating evidence suggests that many respondents in stated choice experiments use simplifying strategies and heuristics. Such behavior is a deviation from random utility theory and can lead to biased estimates if not appropriately considered. This paper is a first attempt to systematically explore the use of the satisficing heuristic (Simon, 1955) in the context of a stated choice experiment. We consider 944 possible satisficing rules and allow respondents to revise the rules adopted throughout the choice sequence. While only a small proportion of respondents used the same satisficing rule across the entire sequence, allowing for changes in behavior at different stages reveals evidence that the use of the heuristic follows a learning and fatigue path. Furthermore, considering respondents satisficing leads to improved model fits and different marginal willingness-to-pay estimates.
Assessment of Automobile Induced Pollution in an Urban Area (A Case Study of Port-Harcourt City,Rivers State,Nigeria)

Study(ies) on the effect of automobile emission in an urban city (Port-Harcourt, Rivers State) was carried for two weeks. Two locations noted for heavy traffic congestion in the city were chosen for the study. Monitoring times were chosen to capture the traffic congestion. In total, five(5) morning and evening measurement were conducted at each location over the course of two weeks(2) beginning from August 11 th – 15 th 2010 for garrison intersection and August 18 th - 22 nd 2010 for slaughter intersection. Concentration measurement for Hydrocarbon (HC) , sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) were carried out in the morning (6.30 – 8.00am) and evenings (5.00 – 7.00pm) pea periods of traffic congestion using standard gas monitor (temperature at the time of measurement were noted). Results show that the levels of these gaseous emissions were higher than permissible level on Wednesday to Saturday at the two junctions both morning and evening. However, the level of these gases on Sunday at the two junction in the morning and evening were below detection limit. It imply that these areas are polluted in morning and evening when offices and commercial activities commence. Key words: Pollution, automobile, urban area and Port-Harcourt
Atomic layer deposition of Al-doped ZnO thin films

Atomic layer deposition has been used to fabricate thin films of aluminum-doped ZnO by depositing interspersed layers of ZnO and Al2O3 on borosilicate glass substrates. The growth characteristics of the films have been investigated through x-ray diffraction, x-ray reflection, and x-ray fluorescence measurements, and the efficacy of the Al doping has been evaluated through optical reflectivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements. The Al doping is found to affect the carrier density of ZnO up to a nominal Al dopant content of 5 at. %. At nominal Al doping levels of 10 at. % and higher, the structure of the films is found to be strongly affected by the Al2O3 phase and no further carrier doping of ZnO is observed.
Bioremediation of soil contaminated with spent and fresh cutting fluids by Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fries) Quelet

Contamination of soil with industrial cutting fluids containing heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons has detrimental effects on ecosystems. As such contaminants constitute risk to human health; they can enter the food chain through agricultural products or contaminated drinking water. This growing concern about contamination with cutting fluids makes remediation process imperative. White rot fungus, Pleurotus pulmonarius was investigated in this pilot study for its potential to bioremediate contaminants such as heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbon at 10, 20 and 30% contamination levels. Control experiment (0% contamination level) was also set up. The effects of incubation periods on the contents of cutting fluid contaminated soil inoculated with P. pulmonarius after two months was equally studied. Bioremediation efficiently occurred at 10% contamination level. At this level, soil pH was 6.9 and organic carbon, organic matter and phosphate contents increased by 22.4, 21.4 and 3.5%, respectively for spent cutting fluid and by 30.0, 30.1 and 50.0% for fresh cutting fluid respectively after two months of incubation with the fungus. Copper, manganese and nickel decreased significantly by 35.3, 25.0 and 1.5%, respectively for spent cutting fluid contaminated soil and by 10.5, 54.4 and 55.9% respectively for fresh cutting fluid contaminated soil. High percentage degradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) at 10% contamination level was about 90.0% for both fresh and spent contaminated soil samples. The cation exchange capacity increased by 50.8 and 38.4% for spent and fresh cutting fluid contaminated soil samples respectively. These results indicate the efficiency of P. pulmonarius as a bioremediating agent of heavy metals and TPH in contaminated soil. Keywords: Bioremediation, cutting fluids, total petroleum hydrocarbon, cation-exchange analysis, heavy metals. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(42), pp. 6091-6097
The effect of family ownership on the relation between executive compensation and performance: evidence from Thailand

This study investigates the pay-performance relation for directors and managers in a sample of Thai public companies. It is hypothesized that family ownership mediates the pay-performance relations for directors and managers. The results show a strong link between managerial compensation and firm performance only for firms with low levels of family ownership. Conversely, there is a strong link between director compensation and firm performance only for firms with high levels of family ownership. The findings indicate that the relation between executive compensation and firm performance is more complex than previously documented.
Deviance in the Internet Use in Working Environment: Key Factors and Remedies based on an Exploratory Study

Deviance, in a sociological context, is understood as actions or behaviours that violate social norms, including formally-enacted rules, as well as informal violations of social norms. Deviant behaviour related to Internet was studied mainly as a technology enabling misuse and addiction. In this paper deviant behaviour is studied in the context of two phenomena the addiction to the on-line services and the: abuse in the work place. Both phenomena enact the working forms and cause loss of productivity. As organizations and companies try to minimize the productivity losses resulting from their employees’ Internet abuse in work place different approaches are used to solve the problem, some of them like e-surveillance and social control are in conflict with the social norms and the legislation order. The study presented in the paper explores the relationship between a person addicted to the Internet, and the factors that influence the abuse in the workplace. The study results discover whether these two phenomena are the result of the work environment like poor organizational structure in the company or bad human relationships. Another intention of the study was to find out whether the disciplinary measures applied to deter the Internet abuse have effects on the employees behaviour. The study results have shown that the occurrence of Internet abuse in workplace is not strongly related to the work conditions like the bad relationships with co-workers or managers, the missing actions for remuneration or recognition of the good work, and lack of paths for career advancement. The awareness of being e-surveyed by the employer, or being warned with personal messages about the misuse of Internet cause the time spent on the Internet for non-working purposes by the employee to decline. The study was carried out on an exhaustive sample inform an EU member state country where the legislative approach in employee e-surveying differ from other world regions. Managers were involved in this study to light up their everyday practice in deterring the Internet abuse in work place in view of the existing law for employee privacy protection in communication.
Modelling firm (re-)location choice in UrbanSim

Over the last decade, low economic growth rates resulted in intensified competition between nations, regions, and towns in trying to attract new firms and inhabitants. In particular, the establishment of new firms has become one of the most vital objectives of governments and public authorities all over Europe. To raise the attractiveness of a region, different instruments have been used: tax reductions, incentives for new establishments, as business destination promotion activities, supply of outstanding infrastructure and public services. On the one hand, this paper investigates effects of different possible options for cantonal and municipal authorities' intent to attract firms: improvements in transport infrastructure, designation of new building zones, and last but not least tax reductions. These actions have been tested by simulating the decisions of existing firms. The parameters for these simulations have been estimated with a discrete choice model using data of the cantons St.Gallen and both Appenzell as well as Zurich. On the other hand, the paper aims to provide an approach to implement these models in UrbanSim. UrbanSim is a software-based simulation system for supporting planning and analysis of urban development, incorporating the interactions between land use, transportation, the economy, and the environment. At the moment, UrbanSim is adapted to an European context (see the according research project SustainCity, www.sustaincity.eu).
Observations of water masses and circulation with focus on the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean from the 1990s to the late 2000s

Abstract. The circulation and water mass properties in the Eurasian Basin are discussed based on a review of previous research and an examination of observations made in recent years within, or parallel to, DAMOCLES (Developing Arctic Modeling and Observational Capabilities for Long-term Environmental Studies). The discussion is strongly biased towards observations made from icebreakers and particularly from the cruise with R/V Polarstern 2007 during the International Polar Year (IPY). Focus is on the Barents Sea inflow branch and its mixing with the Fram Strait inflow branch. It is proposed that the Barents Sea branch contributes not just intermediate water but also most of the water to the Atlantic layer in the Amundsen Basin and also in the Makarov and Canada basins. Only occasionally would high temperature pulses originating from the Fram Strait branch penetrate along the Laptev Sea slope across the Gakkel Ridge into the Amundsen Basin. Interactions between the Barents Sea and the Fram Strait branches lead to formation of intrusive layers, in the Atlantic layer and in the intermediate waters. The intrusion characteristics found downstream, north of the Laptev Sea are similar to those observed in the northern Nansen Basin and over the Gakkel Ridge, suggesting a flow from the Laptev Sea towards Fram Strait. The formation mechanisms for the intrusions at the continental slope, or in the interior of the basins if they are reformed there, have not been identified. The temperature of the deep water of the Eurasian Basin has increased in the last 10 yr rather more than expected from geothermal heating. That geothermal heating does influence the deep water column was obvious from 2007 Polarstern observations made close to a hydrothermal vent in the Gakkel Ridge, where the temperature minimum usually found above the 600–800 m thick homogenous bottom layer was absent. However, heat entrained from the Atlantic water into descending, saline boundary plumes may also contribute to the warming of the deeper layers.
Child abuse in Europe

This chapter gives an overview of child abuse in Europe including definitions, prevalence, intervention & legal responses. We outline the key contemporary issues, drawing in particular on the Council of Europe’s strategy for the promotion of children’s’ rights and the protection of children from violence, Building a Europe for and with Children (2012 – 2015).
Lithium Ferrite: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Electromagnetic Properties

Lithium ferrite (LiFe 5 O 8 ) is a cubic ferrite, belongs to the group of soft ferrite materials with a square hysteresis loop, with high Curie temperature and magnetization. The spinel structure of LiFe 5 O 8 has two crystalline forms: ordered, β-LiFe 5 O 8 ( Fd3m space group) and disordered, α-LiFe 5 O 8 ( P4 1 32/P4 3 32 space group). It has numerous technological applications in microwave devices, computer memory chip, magnetic recording, radio frequency coil fabrication, transformer cores, rod antennas, magnetic liquids among oth- ers. It is also a promising candidate for cathode in rechargeable lithium batteries. In this work, the dc electrical conductivity, the impedance spectroscopy and the magnetization of Li 2 O-Fe 2 O 3 powders, with [Li]/[Fe]=1/5 (mol), heat-treated at several temperatures, are studied and related to their structure and morphology. The structural data were obtained by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, and the morphology by scanning elec - tron microscopy. The impedance spectroscopy was analysed in function of temperature and frequency, and it was observed that the dielectric properties are highly dependent on the microstructure of the samples. The dc magnetic susceptibility was recorded with a vibrating sample magnetometer, under zero field cooled and field cooled sequences, between 5-300 K. Typical hysteresis curves were obtained and the saturation magnetization increases with increase in heat-treatment temperature.
A century of accumulation and temperature changes in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

A mass balance program was initiated in the Vestfjella-Heimefrontfjella area of western Dronning Maud Land during the austral summer of 1988–1989. As a part of this program, spatial and temporal variations in snow accumulation and temperature/stable isotopes are measured using shallow firn cores. In this paper we present surface accumulation data and discuss the climatic implications of the stable isotope records from two shallow firn cores. One 30-m-deep core, obtained about 200 km from the coast at 700 m asl (73°36′S, 12°26′W), covers the period 1932–1991. The other core was drilled at about 500 km from the coast at 2900 m asl (75°00′S, 2°00′E) and covers the period 1865–1991. The recent accumulation increase that has been reported from several areas of the Antarctic continent is not present in either of these records. Instead, our coastal record suggests a significant decrease in accumulation, with the strongest trend from about 1975. There is a positive trend in the oxygen isotope signal in both cores, which in the coastal core corresponds to a temperature increase of about 1.8°C since the early 1930s, and in the high-altitude core to about 0.8°C since 1865. However, it is likely that part of this increase in δ18O is due to a change of moisture source.