Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of expenditures on foods in commercial eateries by households in Aba metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria

This study focused on the assessment of expenditures by households on food consumption in commercial eateries in Abia State, Nigeria. Fifty households were randomly selected each from Aba north and Aba south local government areas of the state which make up the metropolis. Results showed that the average age of the respondents was 48 years and they spent 11.5 years in school. It also revealed that an average of N1030 was spent monthly by the respondents eating in commercial eateries in places like “bukas” (local restaurants) and food hawkers; and foods eaten were mainly “garri”, “akpu” (fufu), rice, yam, fried plantain, snacks and spaghetti. Most of these foods were eaten during lunch time. Males’ especially single persons, educational status, monthly income and breakfast before leaving home, were the major factors that influenced the amount spent on eating in these convenient eateries at given levels. The study recommended that proactive measures such as Mise en place be adopted especially during lunch breaks to effectively manage demand and time spend by consumers. About 47% of the observed variables were explained in the regression means that food vendors should pay increasing attention to changes in demographic variables and other factors.
Dose-dependent Effect of T-2 Toxin on the Immunity against Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens

Weber M. , J. Fodor, K. Balogh, M. Erdelyi, M. Mezes: Dose- dependent Effect of T-2 toxin on the Immunity against Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens. Acta Vet. Brno 2006, 75: 387-391. The effect of 2.35 (a) and 4.18 (b) mg·kg -1 feed T-2 toxin dose for 14 days on the haemagglutination inhibition titres against Newcastle disease virus was investigated in broiler chickens. The animals were divided into four groups and two separate experiments were carried out (a, b): (1) intact control group; (2) birds were fed with T-2 toxin contaminated feed and not vaccinated; (3) repeatedly vaccinated (on day 23 of age) control group which received uncontaminated feed; (4) birds were both repeatedly vaccinated and fed the T-2 toxin contaminated diet. Blood samples, from which sera titres were measured, were taken on days 7 and 14 of the experiments. It was found that heamagglutination titres were different in the two experiments even in the control (1) group because of the different efficiency of the first immunization at the hatchery. Titres on day 7 showed increases in all groups except for the group fed lower T-2 contaminated diet (a, group 2) but during the second week they increased only in the groups fed the diet with a lower dose of T-2 toxin. On the contrary, a higher dose of T-2 toxin contamination of the diet resulted in a dramatic decrease during the second week (b, groups 2 and 4). The results suggested that contrary to most of the previously published data, feeding of T-2 toxin contaminated feed with an amount of 2.35 mg.kg-1 did not decrease, but increase the antibody formation against attenuated Newcastle disease virus even without a second vaccination on day 1 of the experiment, whereas a higher amount of T-2 toxin (4.18 mg·kg-1) decreased to day 14 after the repeated vaccination.
Growth of Asaia spp. in Flavored Mineral Water - Evaluation of the Volumetric “Bottle Effect”

This study evaluates the growth of acetic acid bacteria Asaia spp. in fruit flavored mineral water in both plastic and glass bottles with different volumes. Two strains of bacteria A. bogorensis and A. lannensis were isolated from spoiled soft drinks. Bacterial growth was analyzed using the plate count method and light microscopy. The results indicate that the tested strains of Asaia spp. exhibit the better growth in the polytereftalate bottles with small volumes: 0.33 L and 0.5 L. The microscopic observations documented that these bacteria are able to form visible cell coaggregates after 2-week period storage at 25C. Using glass as packaging material allows for the slower growth of Asaia spp. and contributes to improving the microbiological stability of fruit-flavored mineral waters.
COMPLICATIONS OF GTR

Goal of periodontal therapy is providing a dentition that will result in adequate function health and comfort. This has resulted in the development of various therapy approaches to preserve or augment the periodontium. While it is recognized that patients can maintain a reduced periodontium with manageable health, comfort and function, periodontal regeneration holds the prospect of regained support, root coverage and a return to a prediseased state. Guided tissue regeneration is based on guiding the proliferation of various periodontal tissue components during the healing that follows periodontal surgery so that the lost periodontium is ideally restored. Hence it is necessary to understand the complications which can occur.
The Effect of Written Corrective Feedback on Grammatical Accuracy of EFL Students: An Improvement over Previous Unfocused Designs.

The effectiveness of written corrective feedback (WCF) in the improvement of language learners' grammatical accuracy has been a topic of interest in SLA studies for the past couple of decades. The present study reports the findings of a three-month study investigating the effect of direct unfocused WCF on the grammatical accuracy of elementary students in an EFL context. The researchers selected two intact classes totaling 33 students, and assigned each to a direct feedback group (n = 16) and a control group (n = 17). The students produced eight pieces of writing (a pretest, three writing tasks along with their revisions, and a posttest) from which their grammatical accuracy was obtained. The results indicated that while the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in the revision of the three writing tasks, no significant difference was found when the two groups produced a new piece of writing after a one-month interval. The study concludes that accuracy improvement caused by unfocused WCF during the revision process does not extend to EFL learners' future writing when no feedback is available, at least at the elementary level.
Pre-treatment of dynamically varying waste gas concentrations using activated carbon prior to biofiltration: effect of cycle length on degree of load equalization

Dynamically varying waste gas concentrations pose challenges to the operation and design of air pollution control techniques such as biofilters. Although design approaches are becoming well established for biofilters treating gases containing VOC concentrations that are constant as a function of time, many industrial processes emit gas streams contaminated with volatile organic compounds at concentrations that fluctuate with time. Application of an effective load equalization technique could eliminate some challenges associated with fluctuating pollutant concentrations. Recent research has demonstrated that granular activated carbon (GAC) can serve as a passively controlled system to provide load-equalization as a pre-treatment prior to biofiltration. Research described in this thesis was conducted to evaluate the effect of cycle length and fraction of time of contaminant loading on the degree of load equalization achieved by GAC columns subjected to intermittent pollutant loading. Columns filled with Calgon BPL 4 x 6 mesh GAC were experimentally tested with influent toluene concentrations of 250 ppmv and 1000 ppmv at cycle lengths as short as 6 hours and as long as 48 hours. The fraction of time that toluene was loaded to the columns ranged from 1/2 to 1/6 of the total cycle length. During nonloading intervals, contaminated-free air flowed through the columns at the same rate as contaminated air was supplied during loading intervals. Results revealed that passively operated GAC columns could provide effective load equalization by temporarily accumulating toluene during periods of high loading and subsequently desorb toluene during periods of no loading. Results also showed that the degree of load equalization increased as cycle length decreased, the fraction of time toluene was loaded decreased, and the influent contaminant concentration decreased. A pore and surface diffusion model (PSDM) was used to simulate the degree of load
Incentives and Complementarities of Flexicurity

This paper analyses how and to which degree the Danish flexicurity concept and its various elements achieve the renowned Danish miracle by evaluating their unemployment and inequality effects and their complementarities. We develop a microfounded model of searching workers and firms, calibrate it to Germany and perform the policy experiment of implementing the full Danish flexicurity set of policies (low employment protection, high unemployment benefits and workfare). Our results show that implementing the Danish flexicurity concept in Germany would reduce unemployment and earnings inequality substantially. Furthermore our analysis illustrates that the Danish flexicurity policies have some apparent complementarities in Germany - the reduction of unemployment effect is nearly 40% greater when the policies are implemented in conjunction than in isolation.
The Mediating Effect of Eustress and Distress on the Relation between the Mindset towards Stress and Health

This study examined the effect of eustress and distress on the relation between the mindset towards stress and health. It was hypothesized that a stress-is-enhancing mindset is associated with better health and this association can be explained though eustress and a stress-is-debilitating mindset is associated with worse health, which can be explained through distress. In a descriptive, cross-sectional study (N = 59), participants had to fill in three questionnaires regarding their mindset towards stress, the perception of stress, thus whether they experienced eustress and distress, and their general health. To analyze the associations, the MEDIATE File of Preacher and Hayes was implemented. To circumvent the power problem, the bootstrap sample was increased to 50,000. In sum, the findings supported the two hypotheses. The effect a stress-is-enhancing mindset had on health was mediated by eustress and the effect a stress-is-debilitating mindset had on health was mediated by distress. Thus the perception of stress was the main indicator of whether the mindset had a positive or negative relation with health. If the mindset resulted in eustress, it was associated with better health and if the mindset resulted in distress, it was associated with worse health.
Determinants of Audit Opinion after the Scandals of Enron: Empirical Validation in the French Context

This study examines the effect of regulatory changes on audit quality in the French context. The evaluation of the risks and the anomalies carried out by the auditors brings them control relating to the financial statements of the company in order to express an opinion on the effectiveness, the regularity, the sincerity and the faithful image of these documents, in a large complexity of the organizations the objective of this research consists in studying the effect of the evolutions of the regulation as regards legal audit on the estimate of the probability of having an opinion of audit with reserve which reinforces the independence of the auditor. A list of hypothesis related to the approached problems is proposed followed by an overview of the different theoretical propositions which are in place. From a sample of French companies in the SBF 250 over the period 2002-2011, the results show that the analysis of the conditions of receiving a qualified audit opinion is determined by: the variables of the financial health of the company, the inventory receivables which indicate the complexity of the audited firm and the characteristics of the audit.
BEHAVIOR OF HIGH STRENGTH CFSST STUB COLUMNS WITH INNER CFRP TUBE UNDER AXIAL COMPRESSIVE LOAD

The contribution of CFRP (carbon fiber-reinforced polymer) to concrete-filled square steel tube (CFSST) is considered in this paper. Based on the experimental study of six high strength concrete-filled square steel tubular stub columns with inner CFRP circular tube (HCFSST-CFRP), the finite element software ABAQUS is employed to analyze the mechanical behaviors of HCFSST-CFRP stub column under axial compression load. Mechanism of interactions among steel tube, concrete core (includes two parts: innermost concrete and sandwich concrete) and CFRP is analyzed, and a simplified equation of loads shared by innermost concrete and sandwich concrete is given by regression analysis. Longitudinal stress distribution in the concrete section, load shared coefficient and axial load-strain relationships are presented. The confinement effect of the CFRP tube increases ductility of HCFSST stub columns remarkably. Innermost concrete suffers most of axial load after specimen reaching ultimate bearing capacity because of the confinement effect of CFRP tube. CFRP tube begins to work obviously at the descent stage after stub column reached ultimate bearing capacity.
Sea Surface Salinity Variability of the 1999 Climate Shift in the Tropical Pacific

An analysis of 1980-2007 sea surface salinity (SSS) data collected from Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled with climate model enables us to comprehend the decadal signals of climate change in the tropical Pacific. The magnitude of decadal variability connected with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is higher than that of inter-annual cycle for salinity changes. Although a -0.024 ± 0.011 psu/decade reveals a freshening trend during the data span, the SSS shows dramatic decadal shift approximately -0.840 ± 0.013 psu/decade during 1980-1999 in the positive phase of the PDO and 0.361 ± 0.036 psu/decade during 2000-2007 in the negative phase of the PDO. The result indicates that the 1999 climate shift has strong influence on SSS changes. Possible implication of these SSS changes for ocean-atmosphere interaction and with the PDO events are discussed.
Tip-growth model of single carbon nanotubes

In this paper, a new model based on kinetic theory of gases and longitude oscillations of metallic nanocluster on single carbon nanotube (CNT) in addition to phonon vibrations of CNT on substrate is presented to describe the growth mechanism of ultra-long CNT in chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Interaction between CNT and catalyst is investigated by Lennard-Jones potential. Simulations demonstrate that metal nanocluster makes and keeps the carbon atoms at tip end reactive. So carbon nanotube can grow more than 1 cm. In addition, results show carbon nanotubes with larger diameter grow less owing to higher damping factors. Furthermore, effect of temperature and type of catalyst on growth is discussed and it is shown that there is an optimum temperature and an optimum catalyst for growth process. Also, it is shown that the optimum temperature is changed by using different catalysts. Finally, effect of the partial pressure of decomposed hydrocarbons on the growth is also discussed. It is demonstrated that increasing partial pressure leads to the longest CNTs and influence of partial pressure on CNTs with smaller diameter is stronger. All results from the model are in good agreement with reported experimental results.
What Affects Malaysian Consumers’ Intention to Purchase Hybrid Car?

The purpose of this study are to examine the factors influence consumers’ intention to purchase hybrid car and explore the roles of consumption values in automotive context. The study has been examining the direct relationship between functional value, symbolic value, emotional value, novelty value and conditional value with consumers’ intention to purchase hybrid car. Each variable was measured using 7-point Likert-scale. Questionnaire was used to collect data from individual consumers in Klang Valley. The data were then analysed by using structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 2.0. Five hypotheses were developed for this study and were tested using two stages analyses. The first stage involves measurement model while the second stage is structural model. The results of the study indicated that functional value is the most significant predictor of consumers’ intention to purchase hybrid car. In contrast, symbolic value, emotional value and novelty value failed to show significant relationship with consumers’ intention to purchase hybrid car. Finally, implications of the findings as well as limitations and future research are discussed.
Oral Health Related Quality of Life of Patients with Disability Attending aPublic Physiotherapy Clinic in Lagos, Nigeria

Oral health is a state of the oral and related tissues and structures that contribute positively to physical, mental and social well-being by allowing the individual to speak, eat and socialize unhindered by pain, discomfort or embarrassment. The achievement of optimum oral health can however be limited by certain disabilities. Oral diseases can also have an impact on quality of life, affecting chewing, eating, speaking, self-esteem, social interactions and relationships. The aim of this study was to determine the OHRQOL of physically challenged patients attending the physiotherapy clinic at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja (LASUTH) using the Oral Health Impact Profile -14 (OHIP-14). This cross-sectional study was conducted at the physiotherapy clinic of LASUTH. A simple random sampling technique was utilized to recruit the respondents and an interviewer administered questionnaire was employed to obtain socio-demographic information, clinical status, OHRQOL and to record the findings of the oral examination by trained examiners. Sixteen (20%) of the subjects attended the physiotherapy clinic due to a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), 14 (17.5%) had lumbar spondylitis while 10 (12.5%) had cervical spondylitis. The highest mean OHIP-14 impact score (1.67) was observed in the subdomain of discomfort on chewing. There was a strong association between the total OHIP-14 scores of the subjects and their clinical indicators. Using the overall mean OHIP-14 scores, the educational level and the nature of disability of the subjects was significantly associated with OHRQOL with patients with CVA reporting the highest impact. Improving the levels of oral health in those with impairments or disabilities is a major issue for the dental care services. The physiotherapy clinic can be an avenue for aggressive oral health promotion activities in this group of patients.
Mirror theories of 3 d N = 2 SQCD

Using a recently proposed duality for U(N) supersymmetric QCD (SQCD) in three dimensions with monopole superpotential, in this paper we derive the mirror dual description of N = 2 SQCD with unitary gauge group, generalizing the known mirror dual description of abelian gauge theories. We match the chiral ring of the dual theories and their partition functions on the squashed sphere. We also conjecture a generalization for SQCD with orthogonal and symplectic gauge groups.
Clarifying the relationship between torpor and anthropogenic extinction risk in mammals

The ability to undertake torpor has been linked with human-mediated extinction risk in mammals, but whether torpor serves to elevate or decrease extinction risk, and the mechanism by which it does so, remain controversial. We attempt to clarify the torpor – extinction risk association in a phylogenetic comparative analysis of 284 Australian mammal species. We show that the association is strongly mediated by body size. When body mass is included as a covariate, regression models show a negative association between the ability to undertake torpor and current threat status. This association is present in two categories of mammal species likely to be at particular risk from introduced predators (medium-sized species and species listed as threatened by predation in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List), but there is no association among species not in these categories. This suggests that torpor reduces vulnerability to predators, perhaps by limiting the amount of time spent foraging. However, the association between torpor and extinction risk is also stronger in smaller species, which are more likely to benefit from a reduced energy budget in Australia’s low-productivity and unpredictable environment. We conclude that the ability to undertake torpor is clearly an advantage to mammal species in coping with human impacts, and that this advantage is conferred through a combination of reduced exposure to predators and reduced energy requirements.
Assessment of Knowledge of Antenatal Mothers Regarding Selected Health Problems of Complicated Pregnancy- A Cross Sectional Study

Pregnancy and child birth are common and highly important aspects of women’s life. The focus of midwifery is on the care of essentially healthy women, and the care extends to women with social, medical or obstetric risk factors. A descriptive study to assess the knowledge of antenatal mothers on selected health problems complicating pregnancy was conducted. 100 antenatal mothers were selected through simple random sampling method. Among 100 antenatal mothers, 83% had inadequate knowledge and 17% had moderately adequate knowledge. There was highly significant association between the knowledge of antenatal mothers and their demographic variables such as educational status, occupation, and monthly income. It is reported that many of the antenatal mothers were having poor knowledge of selected health problems complicating pregnancy and its clinical manifestation and risk factors. Hence, it is necessary to create awareness among antenatal mothers which might improve their health seeking behaviors. This can be achieved by giving health education to the antenatal mothers. So the researcher had given instructional manual to improve knowledge regarding selected health problems complicating pregnancy which included iron deficiency anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy induced hypertension.
Focusing the Mind? How the European Union Affects Issue Coverage in National Elections

It is commonplace to assume that what determines the coverage of issues in parties’ political agendas are domestic factors such as their own issue priorities and those of their political rivals, the attention devoted by the mass media and the importance of issues to the wider electorate. However, we know very little about what can explain how issue coverage evolves over time. Do certain issues receive constant attention over time, whereas others receive more or less coverage over time? By focusing on the effect of delegation to the EU-level institutions as an external influence, this paper aims to explain whether issue coverage is more or less impervious to change. It examines the impact of increasing delegation of policymaking to the EU institutions on the coverage of issues in parties’ manifestos. It expects that, as policy competence shifts from the national to the EU level in a range of policy domains, parties place less emphasis on those issues and instead focus competition on issues where policy-making authority is largely retained by the member states. The effect is expected to vary across those groups of issues classified as either ‘principled’ or ‘pragmatic’. These expectations are tested by using ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression to analyse references to 16 issues in manifesto data covering elections from 1968-2005. The analysis involves 18 European countries.