Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Adult Worker Model?: A Critical Look at Recent Social Policy Reform in Europe from a Gender and Family Perspective

Analyses regularly feature claims that European welfare states are in the process of creating an adult worker model. The theoretical and empirical basis of this argument is examined here by looking first at the conceptual foundations of the adult worker model formulation and then at the extent to which social policy reform in western Europe fits with the argument. It is suggested that the adult worker formulation is under-specified. A framework incorporating four dimensions—the treatment of individuals vis-à-vis their family role and status for the purposes of social rights, the treatment of care, the treatment of the family as a social institution, and the extent to which gender inequality is problematized—is developed and then applied. The empirical analysis reveals a strong move towards individualization as social policy promotes and valorizes individual agency and self-sufficiency and shifts some childcare from the family. Yet evidence is also found of continued (albeit changed) familism. Rather than an unequivocal move to an individualized worker model then, a dual earner, gender-specialized, family arrangement is being promoted. The latter is the middle way between the old dependencies and the new "independence. " This makes for complexity and even ambiguity in policy, a manifestation of which is that reform within countries involves concurrent moves in several directions.
The economics of catfish production in Anambra State, Nigeria: a profit function approach.

The study which was conducted in Anambra State, Nigeria, assessed the profitability of catfish farming without neglecting constraints that could retard profitability. It utilized non-parametric statistics, enterprise budgeting and the profit function model in data analysis. Data were obtained from 204 farmers selected via multistage random sampling technique. Results indicated mean gross margin of N 734,850.39, mean net farm income of N712,659.89 and net return on investment of 0.61, implying that catfish farming is profitable in the study area. Furthermore, cost of catfish feeds and production unit negatively and significantly influenced profit, while output price exerted a positive and significant influence on profit. Profitability could be increased by tailoring policies towards the setting up of commercial pelleted and floating catfish feed mill and modern hatcheries in the State, the provision of adequate infrastructure, cheap and available credit facilities and expansion of extension services. These would go a long way to solving the most serious constraints to catfish production in the study area high cost of feeds, lack of quality fingerlings and inadequate capital. © 2010 Friends Science Publishers
Effects of short‐term Western diet on cerebral oxidative stress and diabetes related factors in APP × PS1 knock‐in mice

A chronic high fat Western diet (WD) promotes a variety of morbidity factors although experimental evidence for short‐term WD mediating brain dysfunction remains to be elucidated. The amyloid precursor protein and presenilin‐1 (APP × PS1) knock‐in mouse model has been demonstrated to recapitulate some key features of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, including amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathogenesis. In this study, we placed 1‐month‐old APP × PS1 mice and non‐transgenic littermates on a WD for 4 weeks. The WD resulted in a significant elevation in protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in the brain of APP × PS1 mice relative to non‐transgenic littermates, which occurred in the absence of increased Aβ levels. Altered adipokine levels were also observed in APP × PS1 mice placed on a short‐term WD, relative to non‐transgenic littermates. Taken together, these data indicate that short‐term WD is sufficient to selectively promote cerebral oxidative stress and metabolic disturbances in APP × PS1 knock‐in mice, with increased oxidative stress preceding alterations in Aβ. These data have important implications for understanding how WD may potentially contribute to brain dysfunction and the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Implementation of Genetic Algorithm Integrated with the Deep Neural Network for Estimating at Completion Simulation

In construction project management, there are several factors influencing the final project cost. Among various approaches, estimate at completion (EAC) is an essential approach utilized for final project estimation. The main merit of EAC is including the probability of the project performance and risk. In addition, EAC is extremely helpful for project managers to define and determine the critical throughout the project progress and determine the appropriate solutions to these problems. In this research, a relatively new intelligent model called deep neural network (DNN) is proposed to calculate the EAC. The proposed DNN model is authenticated against one of the predominated intelligent models conducted on the EAC prediction, namely, support vector regression model (SVR). In order to demonstrate the capability of the model in the engineering applications, historical project information obtained from fifteen projects in Iraq region is inspected in this research. The second phase of this research is about the integration of two input algorithms hybridized with the proposed and the comparable predictive intelligent models. These input optimization algorithms are genetic algorithm (GA) and brute force algorithm (BF). The aim of integrating these input optimization algorithms is to approximate the input attributes and investigate the highly influenced factors on the calculation of EAC. Overall, the enthusiasm of this study is to provide a robust intelligent model that estimates the project cost accurately over the traditional methods. Also, the second aim is to introduce a reliable methodology that can provide efficient and effective project cost control. The proposed GA-DNN is demonstrated as a reliable and robust intelligence model for EAC calculation.
Estimating Pore Pressure in the Cooper Basin, South Australia: Sonic Log Method in an Uplifted Basin

The use of sonic log data to analyse overpressure in the Cooper Basin, South Australia is complicated by the occurrence of Tertiary uplift in the basin. Uplift and overpressure are both associated with anomalous porosity/depth relationships: the former being witnessed by overcompaction and the later by undercompaction. Hence uplift may mask overpressure effects on log data. A normal compaction trend was determined for the Cooper Basin by averaging sonic log data from 29 wells. The Maree Subgroup was omitted from the normal compaction trend because it has a markedly different sonic log signature. Shale sequences were isolated for study by applying a gamma ray filter (API > 100). In order to remove the effects of uplift, the normal compaction trend was adjusted to fit the trend of the upper, normally pressured part of the sequence in each well. Quantitative pore pressure analysis was undertaken on shale sequences from 8 wells using the Eaton (1972) method once the effect of uplift had been removed. The predictions of the Eaton (1972) method are consistent with pressure measurements (DSTs and mud weights) in sandstones in 7 of the 8 wells, suggesting that both uplift and overpressure have been successfully determined. Assuming that the shales at Moomba 55 are overpressured, as suggested by the Eaton (1972) method, these shales must be isolated from adjacent near normally pressured sandstones. Furthermore mud weights, which are only at best an approximation of formation pressure, are especially unreliable in overpressured shales adjacent to near-normally pressured sandstones.
Placental lesions associated with neurologic impairment and cerebral palsy in very low-birth-weight infants.

OBJECTIVE Systematic placental examination has the potential to shed light on poorly understood antenatal processes that may increase the risk of neurologic impairment and cerebral palsy. DESIGN Using data from a retrospective case-control study, we analyzed placentas from 60 inborn, singleton, very low-birth-weight (<1.5 kg) infants delivered between 1983 and 1991 who had subsequent neurologic impairment at 20 months corrected age (42 with cerebral palsy and 18 with other neurologic abnormalities) and 59 control infants of comparable gestational age, birth weight, sex, and race. Three a priori hypotheses based on previous studies were that neurologic impairment would be increased with fetal vascular lesions with or without coexisting chorioamnionitis, decreased with chronic maternal vascular underperfusion, and increased when multiple placental abnormalities were seen in the same case. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We found 2 types of fetal placental vascular lesions to be associated with neurologic impairment, namely, recent nonocclusive thrombi of chorionic plate vessels (P < .04) and severe villous edema (P < .01). Chorionic plate thrombi were seen only with chorioamnionitis and accounted for the increased risk of neurologic impairment seen with chorioamnionitis. Maternal vascular lesions showed a biphasic relation to neurologic impairment in the subgroup of patients without chorioamnionitis. Mild lesions were increased in controls (inadequate vascular remodeling, P=.03, and accelerated maturation, P=.004). A more severe lesion, multiple villous infarcts, although not reaching significance, was increased in the neurologically impaired cases. Finally, in a test of 9 selected placental lesions, cases with cerebral palsy were more likely to have 2 or more lesions (P < .0001) and were less likely to have no lesions (P < .04) than control infants.
Sleep and wake patterns in aircrew on a 2-day layover on westward long distance flights.

BACKGROUND As part of a research program of sleep/wake disturbances in connection with irregular work hours and time zone transitions, the study aimed to describe the spontaneous sleep/wake pattern in connection with a westward (Stockholm to Los Angeles) transmeridian flight (-9 h) and short layover (50 h). HYPOTHESIS To describe all sleep episodes and the recovery process across 4 d, and to relate adjustment to individual differences. METHODS We monitored 42 SAS aircrew for 9 d with activity monitors and diary before, during, and after flight. RESULTS During the outbound day the wake span was 21.7 h and 90% of the aircrew adopted local bed times on layover. The readaptation to normal sleep/wake patterns were rapid on the return. Napping was common (93%), especially on-board and before the return. Sleep efficiency dropped below 90% during layover, being felt to be too short and disturbed by awakenings, and gradually returned to normal across four recovery days. Recovery sleep was characterized by difficulties waking up and feelings of not being refreshed from sleep. Sleepiness symptoms increased during layover and gradually decreased across recovery days, still being elevated on day 4. CONCLUSIONS In the present study we found that westward flights are associated with extended wake spans during layover, increased sleepiness, and slow recovery on return home. Strategic sleeping may counteract the effect somewhat, but individual differences are few.
Fast and Flexible Elliptic Curve Point Arithmetic over Prime Fields

We present an innovative methodology for accelerating the elliptic curve point formulae over prime fields. This flexible technique uses the substitution of multiplication with squaring and other cheaper operations, by exploiting the fact that field squaring is generally less costly than multiplication. Applying this substitution to the traditional formulae, we obtain faster point operations in unprotected sequential implementations. We show the significant impact our methodology has in protecting against Simple Side-Channel Attacks (SSCA). We modify the ECC point formulae to achieve a faster atomic structure when applying atomicity side-channel protection. In contrast to previous atomic operations that assumed squarings are undistinguishable from multiplications, our new atomic structure offers true SSCA-protection because it includes squaring in its formulation. We also extend our implementation to parallel architectures such as SIMD (Single-Instruction Multiple-Data). With the introduction of a new coordinate system and with the flexibility of our methodology, we present, to our knowledge, the fastest formulae for SIMD-based schemes that are capable of executing 3 and 4 operations simultaneously. Finally, a new parallel SSCA-protected scheme is proposed for multiprocessor/parallel architectures by applying the atomic structure presented in this work. Our parallel and atomic operations are shown to be significantly faster than previous implementations.
Distributional Effects of Public Investment When Wealth and Classes are Back

In developed economies, wealth inequality is high, while public capital is underprovided. Here, we study the impact of heterogeneity in saving behavior and income sources on the distributional effects of public investment. A capital tax is levied to finance productive public capital in an economy with two types of households: high income households who save dynastically and middle income households who save for retirement. We find that inequality is reduced the higher the capital tax rate is and that low tax rates are Pareto‐improving. There is no clear‐cut trade‐off between efficiency and equality: middle income households’ consumption is maximal at a capital tax rate that is higher than the rate which maximizes high income households’ consumption.
Effects of Water-soluble Organic Carbon on Aerosol pH

<p>Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is a ubiquitous and significant fraction of fine particulate matter. &#160; Despite advances in aerosol thermodynamic equilibrium models, there is limited understanding on the comprehensive impacts of WSOC on aerosol acidity (pH). &#160; We address this limitation by studying submicron aerosol that represent the two extremes in acidity levels found in the atmosphere: strongly acidic aerosol from Baltimore, MD, and weakly acidic conditions characteristic of Beijing, China. These cases are then used to construct mixed inorganic/organic single-phase aqueous particles, and thermodynamically analyzed by the E-AIM and ISORROPIA models in combination with activity coefficient model AIOMFAC to evaluate the effects of WSOC on the H<sup>+</sup> ion activity coefficients (&#947;<sub>H+</sub>) and activity (pH). &#160; We find that addition of organic acids and non-acid organic species concurrently increases &#947;<sub>H+</sub> and aerosol liquid water. &#160; Under the highly acidic conditions typical of the eastern U.S. (inorganic-only pH ~1), these effects mostly offset each other, giving pH changes of < 0.5 pH units even at organic aerosol dry mass fractions in excess of 60%. &#160; Under conditions with weaker acidity typical of Beijing (inorganic-only pH ~4.5), the non-acidic WSOC compounds had similarly minor effects on aerosol pH, but organic acids imparted the largest changes in pH compared to the inorganic-only simulations. &#160; Organic acids affect pH in the order of their pKa values (oxalic acid > malonic acid > glutaric acid). &#160; Although the inorganic-only pH was above the pK<sub>a</sub> value of all three organic acids investigated, pH changes in excess of 1 pH unit were only observed at unrealistic organic acid levels (aerosol organic acid concentrations > 35 &#181;g m<sup>-3</sup>) in Beijing. &#160; The model simulations were run at 70%, 80%, and 90% relative humidity (RH) levels and the effect of WSOC was inversely related to RH. &#160; At 90% RH, WSOC altered aerosol pH by up to ~0.2 pH units, though the effect was up to ~0.6 pH units at 70% RH. &#160; The somewhat offsetting nature of these effects suggests that aerosol pH is sufficiently constrained by the inorganic constituents alone under conditions where liquid-liquid phase separation is not anticipated to occur. </p>
Too Close to Home: Domestic Violence in the Americas

Too Close to Home is a collection of essays by international authorities ranging from psychologists and doctors to economists and communication experts. Several authors analyze the economic and health costs imposed by domestic violence, documenting that domestic violence is both a serious public health issue and a severe impediment to economic development. Others examine promising approaches that have been used to combat domestic violence, including community treatment and prevention networks, telephone hotlines, judicial and police reform, anti-violence curricula in primary and secondary schools, street theater, and creative use of the mass media. The book had its genesis in the IDB Conference, "Domestic Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean: Costs, Programs and Policies," held in October, 1997.
Profitability of nipping in cultivation of pea (Pisum sativum)-an indigenous agro-technique in Manipur

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi] seasons of 2002-03 and 2003-04 at the experi- mental field of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, to evaluate the profitabil- ity of nipping in Makhyatmubi pea (Pisum safivum sub sp. arvensis L.) cultivation. There were 8 treatments nip- ping at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 days after sowing and a without nipping (control). Among different treatment combinations, nipping at 30 days after sowing (T,) produced significantly higher number of branchestplant, pods/ plant, seed and stover yield than control. The highest net return (Rs 13, 799.5tha) was obtained from the treat- ment T, and followed by that at 35 days (T,) Rs 13,759.5lha. While lowest net return of Rs 5254.9tha was ob- served in the control.
Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of Sleep Problems and Daytime Sleepiness in Young Adolescents With ADHD

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of multiple types of sleep problems in young adolescents with ADHD. Method: Adolescents comprehensively diagnosed with ADHD (N = 262) and their caregivers completed well-validated measures of sleep problems and daytime sleepiness. Participants also completed measures related to medication use, comorbidities, and other factors that could predict sleep problems. Results: Daytime sleepiness was by far the most common sleep problem, with 37% of adolescents meeting the clinical threshold according to parent report and 42% according to adolescent report. In contrast, prevalence rates for specific nighttime sleep problems ranged from 1.5% to 7.6%. Time spent in bed, bedtime resistance, ADHD inattentive symptoms, and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) symptoms were significant in the final model predicting daytime sleepiness. Conclusion: Adolescents with ADHD commonly experience problems with daytime sleepiness that may significantly affect their functioning, but this may not be directly attributable to specific sleep problems.
Sexual Sadism

The phenomenon of sexual sadism was first scientifically described by Richard von Krafft-Ebing in 1999 as a sexual preference disorder that focuses on the infliction of suffering, pain, or humiliation to achieve sexual gratification. The present article reviews the historical development of the term sexual sadism, including the current descriptive nosology of psychiatric classification. Despite clear definitions that specify the sexual objects, duration, and distress necessary for a disorder, evidence for the diagnostic reliability for sexual sadism in the forensic domain is mixed. We argue that the reliance on the patient’s willingness to divulge corresponding violent sexual fantasies is the Achilles’ heel of the diagnosis. In an attempt to improve agreement across diagnosticians, we argue for the use of behavioral indicators. We summarize the extant research on the Severe Sexual Sadism Scale (SESAS), which is a file-based observer rating of pertinent crime-scene actions. We conclude that the analysis of crime-scene behavior, as achieved with the SESAS, can provide a useful complement for the clinical diagnosis in forensic psychiatry and psychology.
Family resemblance in energy, fat, and cholesterol intake: a study among three generations of women.

BACKGROUND Transfer of nutrition habits within the family may contribute to the establishment of a high-fat diet. Several studies show a significant correlation in nutrient intake between parents and children living in the same household. This study describes family resemblances in nutrient intake among adult women living apart. METHODS Family resemblance in fat intake was assessed in three generations of adult women by means of a short food-frequency questionnaire. Data were collected on 291 maternally related family members (97 young adult women, their mothers, and their grandmothers). RESULTS Weak correlations (0.13-0.27) were found between nutrient intake of the younger and middle generation. Correlations between the middle and older generation (-0.03-0.29) and between the younger and older generation (-0.03-0.33) tended to be lower. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that family resemblance in nutrient intake is weak for adult women living apart. There seems to be more impact of middle-aged mother's eating habits on the fat intake of their adult daughters than of elderly women's eating habits on their middle-aged daughters.
Acute and chronic observations of complete atrioventricular block in rats

The mechanisms of production, and gross, microscopic and electrocardiograhic findings of surgically-induced complete heart block (CHB) in the adult rat are presented. This is an effective in vivo model for establishing alternative methods to electronic pacemakers and for providing detailed information aimed at replacement, reduction and refinement of the technique. Sternal thoracotomy was employed to identify the epicardial fat pad by the aortic root, used as a landmark for cauterization of the atrioventricular (AV) node. Stable CHB was produced in 60 rats with a 70% survival rate. The best survival rate was observed in 8-week-old animals weighing 221 ± 27.6 g. Heart rate before cauterization was 387 ± 55 bpm, reduced after cauterization to 126 ± 40 bpm in the survival and to 65 ± 19 bpm in the non-survival groups. At 30 days findings were: elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (21 ± 5.4 mmHg, P < 0.05); maximal rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (LVP) during isovolumetric contraction (2192 ± 235 mmHg/s, P < 0.05); maximal rate of decrease of LVP (−1658 ± 191 mmHg/s, P < 0.05); isovolumetric relaxation constant (5.7 ± 0.8 ms, P < 0.05) with wet-to-dry lung–weight ratio (78.1 ± 0.4, P < 0.05); heart weight/body weight (0.6 ± 0.1, P < 0.05); heart volume (1.8 ± 0.3 mL, P < 0.05); longitudinal diameter (20.2 ± 1.91 mm, P < 0.05); and transversal diameter (17.0 ± 1.4 mm, P < 0.05) with supported dilated cardiomyopathy which culminated in chronic heart failure. CHB hearts had increased preload and replacement of myofibrils by collagen. CHB was achieved reproducibly by cauterization of the rat AV node and/or His bundle. This led to electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and structural remodeling, and could be useful in long-term cardiac remodeling assessments and potential therapy development.