Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Four Dietary Oils on Cholesterol and Fatty Acid Composition of Egg Yolk in Layers

Dietary cholesterol has elicited the most public interest as it relates with coronary heart disease. Thus, humans have been paying more attention to health, thereby reducing consumption of cholesterol enriched food. Egg is considered as one of the major sources of human dietary cholesterol. However, an alternative way to reduce the potential cholesterolemic effect of eggs is to modify the fatty acid composition of the yolk. The effect of palm oil (PO), soybean oil (SO), sesame seed oil (SSO) and fish oil (FO) supplementation in the diets of layers on egg yolk fatty acid, cholesterol, egg production and egg quality parameters were evaluated in a 42-day feeding trial. One hundred and five Isa Brown laying hens of 34 weeks of age were randomly distributed into seven groups of five replicates and three birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Seven corn-soybean basal diets (BD) were formulated: BD+No oil (T1), BD+1.5% PO (T2), BD+1.5% SO (T3), BD+1.5% SSO (T4), BD+1.5% FO (T5), BD+0.75% SO+0.75% FO (T6) and BD+0.75% SSO+0.75% FO (T7). Five eggs were randomly sampled at day 42 from each replicate to assay for the cholesterol, fatty acid profile of egg yolk and egg quality assessment. Results showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) differences observed in production performance, egg cholesterol and egg quality parameters except for yolk height, albumen height, yolk index, egg shape index, haugh unit, and yolk colour. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) observed in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein levels of egg yolk across the treatments. However, diets had effect (P<0.05) on TAG (triacylglycerol) and VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) of the egg yolk. The highest TAG (603.78 mg/dl) and VLDL values (120.76 mg/dl) were recorded in eggs of hens on T4 (1.5% sesame seed oil) and was similar to those on T3 (1.5% soybean oil), T5 (1.5% fish oil) and T6 (0.75% soybean oil + 0.75% fish oil). However, results revealed a significant (P<0.05) variations on eggs’ summation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). In conclusion, it is suggested that dietary oils could be included in layers’ diets to produce designer eggs low in cholesterol and high in PUFA especially omega-3 fatty acids. Keywords—Dietary oils, Egg cholesterol, Egg fatty acid profile, Egg quality parameters.
Who are the Best? Local Versus Foreign Analysts on Latin American Stock Markets

This paper investigates the relative performance of local and foreign financial analysts on Latin American emerging markets. There is strong evidence that foreign financial analysts outperform local analysts on these markets. Foreign analysts produce more timely and more accurate forecasts. A significant price reaction is observed following their downward forecast revisions. Therefore foreign investors do not necessarily need to open relations with local financial analysts when they want to trade on these markets. The results are consistent with previous evidence that documents a better information and greater sophistication on the part of foreign investors on overseas markets.
DEVELOPING TRUST RECIPROCITY IN ELECTRONIC- GOVERNMENT: THE ROLE OF FELT TRUST

At the present time, most people limit their use of government websites to downloading and printing forms while relying on other modes of communication (such as phone, face-to-face, and mail) for important transactions with the government. Many factors contribute to peoples’ reluctance to use online government tools. Privacy and security concerns are often cited as the two major reasons for lack of trust and cited as an important impediment to increased utilization of e-government. Although many studies have examined users’ trust in electronic media and examined information technology (IT) artifacts that can increase users’ perception of website trustworthiness, no studies have examined the impact of “felt trust” on e-government, or even on electronic business (e-business) in general. In other words, no study has yet examined how IT artifacts on websites make users feel trusted by the government and how that in turn could affect website trustworthiness. This study attempts to fill that gap by analyzing feedback collected from participants in a field study using an online survey. The results demonstrate the importance of felt trust as another way to build trust in e-government.
Long-term mortality in childhood-onset epilepsy.

BACKGROUND There are few studies on long-term mortality in prospectively followed, well-characterized cohorts of children with epilepsy. We report on long-term mortality in a Finnish cohort of subjects with a diagnosis of epilepsy in childhood. METHODS We assessed seizure outcomes and mortality in a population-based cohort of 245 children with a diagnosis of epilepsy in 1964; this cohort was prospectively followed for 40 years. Rates of sudden, unexplained death were estimated. The very high autopsy rate in the cohort allowed for a specific diagnosis in almost all subjects. RESULTS Sixty subjects died (24%); this rate is three times as high as the expected age- and sex-adjusted mortality in the general population. The subjects who died included 51 of 107 subjects (48%) who were not in 5-year terminal remission (i.e., ≥5 years seizure-free at the time of death or last follow-up). A remote symptomatic cause of epilepsy (i.e., a major neurologic impairment or insult) was also associated with an increased risk of death as compared with an idiopathic or cryptogenic cause (37% vs. 12%, P<0.001). Of the 60 deaths, 33 (55%) were related to epilepsy, including sudden, unexplained death in 18 subjects (30%), definite or probable seizure in 9 (15%), and accidental drowning in 6 (10%). The deaths that were not related to epilepsy occurred primarily in subjects with remote symptomatic epilepsy. The cumulative risk of sudden, unexplained death was 7% at 40 years overall and 12% in an analysis that was limited to subjects who were not in long-term remission and not receiving medication. Among subjects with idiopathic or cryptogenic epilepsy, there were no sudden, unexplained deaths in subjects younger than 14 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Childhood-onset epilepsy was associated with a substantial risk of epilepsy-related death, including sudden, unexplained death. The risk was especially high among children who were not in remission. (Funded by the Finnish Epilepsy Research Foundation.).
Restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease patients may improve with subthalamic stimulation

We report on 6 advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery whose restless legs syndrome (RLS) improved postoperatively. Despite a mean 56% decrease in their levodopa equivalents postoperatively, their RLS scores dropped by a mean of 84% (100% in three). Our findings suggest that bilateral STN DBS surgery can improve RLS in patients with advanced PD. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
FREEWAY IMPACT ON MUNICIPAL LAND PLANNING EFFORT

SOME SOCIO-POLITICAL FACTORS ARE RE-EXAMINED THAT IMPOSE SERIOUS LIMITATIONS ON THE INTEGRATION OF THE CITY PLANNING AND HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES. THE CONCLUSIONS IN PART STATE: (1) THERE HAS BEEN INSUFFICIENT FEED-BACK REVIEW BY GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES FOR INTEGRATED PLANNING, (2) THE RECOGNITION OF URBAN PLANNING BY STATE HIGHWAY AGENCIES IS STILL IN THE LIP-SERVICE STAGE, (3) THERE IS NOT YET ANY EVIDENCE OF LOCAL LAND-USE CONTROL TO BALANCE THE TRIP- GENERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE USE WITH THE TRAFFIC CAPACITY OF NEARBY ROAD FACILITIES OR INTERCHANGES, (4) IN THE ABSENCE OF A UNIFIED URBAN GOVERNMENT, THE FIRST STEP IN WORKING TOWARD THE INTEGRATION OF PLANNING IS A WORKABLE PROGRAM ON THE STATE LEVEL, AND (5) A MUNICIPAL MAPPED STREETS ACT APPEARS TO BE THE MOST REASONABLE WAY OF PROVIDING FOR UNCLUTTERED APPROACHES TO FREEWAYS.
Service Analysis of Fashion Boutique Operations: An Empirical and Analytical Study

Service quality is a critical element for fashion boutique operations. However, owing to limitation of resources, fashion boutiques usually cannot afford to establish a very formal service quality management system. Motivated by the importance of service management for fashion boutiques, this paper examines the respective service quality issues in two related parts: based on the revised retail service quality scale (RSQS) model, the first part conducts a service gap analysis via an empirical survey. It is found that the RSQS model is valid, the respective service gaps exist, and the problem-solving dimension has the largest service gap. Focusing on this most significant problem-solving service gap (PSSG) identified in the empirical analysis, the second part analytically studies the optimal PSSG decision for fashion boutiques and examines the impact of retail competition via a game theoretic analysis. The closed-form analytical findings reveal several insights, such as: 1) for both monopoly and homogeneous duopoly cases, the equilibrium demands depend solely on the profit margin, and the service gap enhancement efficiency and 2) the relative PSSG dependent demand sensitivity is critically important because it affects the equilibrium PSSG significantly.
Insolation driven variations of Mercury's lithospheric strength

Mercury’s coupled 3:2 spin‐orbit resonance in conjunction with its relatively high eccentricity of ∼0.2 and near‐zero obliquity results in both a latitudinal and longitudinal variation in annual average solar insolation and thus equatorial hot and cold regions. This results in an asymmetric temperature distribution in the lithosphere and a long wavelength lateral variation in lithosphere structure and strength that mirrors the insolation pattern. We employ a thermal evolution model for Mercury generating strength envelopes of the lithosphere to demonstrate and quantify the possible effects the insolation pattern has on Mercury’s lithosphere. We find the heterogeneity in lithosphere strength is substantial and increases with time. We also find that a crust thicker than that of the Moon or Mars and dry rheologies for the crust and mantle are favorable when compared with estimates of brittle‐ductile transition depths derived from lobate scarps. Regions of stronger and weaker compressive strength imply that the accommodation of radial contraction of Mercury as its interior cooled, manifest as lobate scarps, may not be isotropic, imparting a preferential orientation and distribution to the lobate scarps.
Organizational citizenship behaviours, managerial ties and organizational culture : impact on open innovation / Mohmmad Muzamil Naqshbandi

in the Open Innovation paradigm offers great benefits to firms and supplants their reliance on expensive internal R&D. Many firms have succeeded in the Open Innovation paradigm but failures have also been reported. Being a new area of research, not much is known about the factors affecting Open Innovation. In view of this, the current research was conducted with the aim to study the effects of Organizational Citizenship Behaviours, Organizational Culture and Managerial Ties (predictor variables) on Open Innovation (criterion variable) and to study the moderating role of Regimes of Appropriability on these relationships. Cross-sectional data were collected using the survey method from 339 middle and top managers working in manufacturing firms in the four high-tech industries in Malaysia. A two-stage sampling procedure involving stratified sampling and convenience sampling techniques was used. Hierarchical multiple regression was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. The results reveal that Organizational Citizenship Behaviors predicts Open Innovation positively and significantly. In addition, Highly Integrative Culture was found to relate positively to In-bound Open Innovation while Hierarchy Culture related negatively. No evidence of a significant relationship between Organizational Culture and Out-bound Open Innovation was found. Managerial Ties with government officials and with universities and/or other research centers were found to facilitate In-bound Open Innovation while Managerial Ties with managers at other firms did not significantly affect In-bound Open Innovation. Besides, no statistically significant relationship was found between Managerial Ties and Out-bound Open Innovation. In addition, Regimes of Appropriability was not found to moderate strongly the relationships between the predictor and the outcome variables. The study makes many theoretical and managerial contributions which, along with the limitations of this research and future research directions, are highlighted in this thesis.
Is there a Relationship between Industry Concentration and Patent Activity?

The relationship between market concentration and quantity of patent activity may reveal more than the validity of Schumpeter’s (1942) hypothesis that innovation is greater in imperfectly competitive markets. Empirical estimates of the relationship may reveal the relative importance of different uses of patents, which include recovering R&D investment and obtaining strategic advantages over competitors. With a sample of over 1000 North American manufacturing firms, I explore this possibility and initially find a positive relationship between a firm’s industry concentration and number of granted patents. However, after controlling for R&D expenditure, this relationship disappears while R&D expenditure itself has a large positive impact on patent quantity. This suggests an indirect relationship between industry concentration and patent activity - R&D expenditure is positively related to industry concentration and patent activity is positively related to R&D expenditure, but given a level of R&D expenditure patent activity is independent of industry concentration. This indirect relationship suggests the predominant use of patents across manufacturing industries is to recover R&D investment. However, in particular industries where patents are used more frequently for strategic reasons it remains possible that industry concentration has a significant independent effect on patent activity. Further research, that isolates inter-industry differences in the use of patents, is needed to test this possibility.
Assessment of major carcinogens and alkaloids in the tobacco and mainstream smoke of ussr cigarettes

Tobacco and mainstream smoke of USSR cigarettes were analyzed for carcinogens. The pH values of suspensions of the tobacco (5.4‐5.6) and the nitrate content of the tobaccos (0.4‐1.7%) were as expected for flue‐cured and sun‐cured tobaccos and mixtures thereof. The nicotine levels of the cigarette tobaccos (0.76‐0.94%) and total alkaloid content (0.85‐1.08%) were relatively low compared with tobaccos used in Western European and US cigarettes. The concentrations of tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines in the cigarette tobaccos were also low (N'‐nitrosonornicotine 0.36‐0.85 μg/g) compared with those in bright, oriental and blended cigarette tobaccos in Western countries (0.3‐19 μg/g). The 2 non‐filter and 4 filter cigarettes from the USSR had slow burning rates and yielded 14.0‐16.7 puffs/cigarette, while puff yields for commercial cigarettes in Western countries average ≤11 puffs/cigarette. Consequently, tar and benzo(a)pyrene yields in the smoke of all cigarettes as well as nitrosamine yields were high, especially in the smoke of the filter cigarettes. It appears that an increase in the burning rates of these cigarettes should lead to lower smoke yields.
Profiling the Risk Attitudes of Clients by Financial Advisors: The Effects of Framing on Response Validity

The Australian Financial Services Reform Act (2001) now requires all registered financial planners to assess a client’s attitude towards investment risk as an integral part of establishing a ‘reasonable’ basis for investment advice to a client. However, the Act is silent on required procedures or acceptable minimum standards of risk assessment. Unfortunately, current methods for assessing a client’s attitudes towards investment risk are mostly informal, untested and ignore such behavioral biases as framing and other response anomalies. Unless controlled for, these anomalies can invert risk attitude responses and invalidate portfolio choices recommended to the client on the basis of this risk attitude assessment. This paper examines the potential effects of question framing on risk attitude assessments by financial planners and explores the implications for matching risk attitudes to standardized portfolio categories. Minimum industry standards are recommended as a way to deal with such behavioral issues in risk attitude assessment.
Reversal of the antiinflammatory effects of methotrexate by the nonselective adenosine receptor antagonists theophylline and caffeine: evidence that the antiinflammatory effects of methotrexate are mediated via multiple adenosine receptors in rat adjuvant arthritis.

OBJECTIVE Weekly low-dose methotrexate (MTX) remains the mainstay of second-line therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have previously reported that adenosine, acting at specific receptors on inflammatory cells, mediates the antiinflammatory effects of MTX in both in vitro and in vivo models of acute inflammation, but the mechanism by which MTX suppresses the chronic inflammation of arthritis remains controversial. The present study was undertaken to further investigate the means by which adenosine mediates the antiinflammatory effects of MTX. METHODS The effects of 2 nonselective adenosine receptor antagonists, theophylline and caffeine, were examined, using the rat adjuvant arthritis model of RA. These agents were given alone and in conjunction with MTX, and arthritis severity was assessed clinically, radiologically, and histologically. Since rodent adenosine A3 receptors are not blocked by theophylline, selective A1, A2A, and A2B receptor antagonists were tested as well. RESULTS Control animals developed severe arthritis, which was markedly attenuated by weekly treatment with MTX (0.75 mg/kg/week). Neither theophylline alone nor caffeine alone (each at 10 mg/kg/day) significantly affected the severity of the arthritis, but both agents markedly reversed the effect of MTX as measured by a severity index, hindpaw swelling, and hindpaw ankylosis. Radiographic and histologic analyses confirmed these observations. Neither A1, A2A, nor A2B receptor antagonists affected the capacity of MTX to ameliorate inflammation in adjuvant arthritis. CONCLUSION These results provide strong evidence that adenosine mediates the antiinflammatory effects of MTX in this model of RA. Moreover, the findings suggest that abstinence from caffeine, a ubiquitous food additive and medication, may enhance the therapeutic effects of MTX in RA.
Dyskerin Ablation in Mouse Liver Inhibits rRNA Processing and Cell Division

ABSTRACT Dyskerin is a component of small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes and acts as a pseudouridine synthase to modify newly synthesized ribosomal, spliceosomal, and possibly other RNAs. It is encoded by the DKC1 gene, the gene mutated in X-linked dyskeratosis congenita, and is also part of the telomerase complex. The yeast ortholog, Cbf5, is an essential protein, but in mammals the effect of dyskerin ablation at the cellular level is not known. Here we show that mouse hepatocytes can survive after induction of a Dkc1 deletion. In the absence of dyskerin, rRNA processing is inhibited with the accumulation of large precursors, and fibrillarin does not accumulate in nucleoli. A low rate of apoptosis is induced in the hepatocytes, which show an induction of the p53-dependent cell cycle checkpoint pathway. Signs of liver damage including an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase activity and a disordered structure at the histological and macroscopic levels are observed. In response to carbon tetrachloride administration, when wild-type hepatocytes mount a rapid proliferative response, those without dyskerin do not divide. We conclude that hepatocytes can survive without dyskerin but that the role of dyskerin in RNA modification is essential for cellular proliferation.
Rethinking Bank Regulation: Till Angels Govern

1. Introduction: 1.A Motivation 1.B Objectives and contributions 1.C Key findings: a brief synopsis 1.D Guide to the book 2. Contrasting approaches to bank regulation: 2.A Two approaches to bank regulation: 2.A. 1 Public interest approach 2.A. 2 Private interest view of regulation 2.B Bank regulation: how 2.C The Basel Committee and regulatory convergence 2.D Conclusion 3. How are banks regulated and supervised around the world? : 3.A Overview 3.B Structure, scope and independence of regulation and supervision 3.C What is a 'bank'? 3.D Entry into banking, capital requirements and supervisory powers 3.E Explicit deposit insurance schemes 3.F Private monitoring and external governance 3.G Does bank ownership type affect the choice of regulations and supervisory practices? 3.H Forces for greater harmonization of regulation and supervision among countries 4. What works best: 4.A Goals and boundaries 4.B Bank regulation and supervision and bank development 4.C Bank supervision, regulation, and stability 4.D Bank supervision, regulation, and bank efficiency 4.E Bank supervision, regulation, and bank lending 4.F Supervision, regulation, and bank governance 4.G Summary of results 5. Choosing bank regulations 5.A Recap and motivation 5.B Motivating example: Mexico and the United States 5.C Conceptual framework 5.D Empirical framework and data 5.E Summary remarks 6. Rethinking bank regulation: 6.A Approach and context 6.B Lessons and implications.
Detection of p53 and Bcl-2 expression in cutaneous hemangioma through the quantum dot technique

Hemangioma is one of the most common types of infantile vascular benign tumor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and tumor protein p53 (p53) in the proliferation and apoptosis of hemangioma cells. A total of 38 paraffin-embedded hemangioma specimens (16 males and 22 females) and another 5 paraffin-embedded healthy surrounding tissue samples, collected between January 2007 and December 2010, were obtained from the Department of Pathology at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan, China). Immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and quantum dot double staining were used to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2 and p53 in hemangioma and healthy surrounding skin tissue samples. All hemangioma specimens were classified into proliferative or the involuting stage hemangioma according to Mulliken's criteria and their expression of PCNA. The results of the quantum dot double staining were analyzed using a multi-spectral imaging system. One-way analysis of the variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls q test were performed to statistically analyze the data. There were 24 cases of proliferative stage and 14 cases of involuting stage hemangioma among the specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis results indicated a high expression of Bcl-2 and p53 in proliferative stage hemangioma tissue samples, and low expression in involuting stage hemangioma and healthy tissue samples. Statistical analysis of the results from quantum dot double staining demonstrated that the expression of Bcl-2 and p53 in proliferative hemangioma was significantly increased compared with that in involuting stage specimens (P<0.05) and healthy tissue samples (P<0.05). No significant difference in Bcl-2 and p53 expression was identified between the involuting hemangioma and healthy surrounding tissue samples. The higher expression of Bcl-2 and p53 in proliferative hemangioma suggests that Bcl-2 may cause an imbalance between endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis through the inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis. Furthermore, p53 may promote the proliferation of endothelial cells in proliferative hemangioma.