Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate evolutions of inspiralling neutron-star binaries: Prompt and delayed collapse to a black hole

Binary neutron-star systems represent primary sources for the gravitational-wave detectors that are presently operating or are close to being operating at the target sensitivities. We present a systematic investigation in full general relativity of the dynamics and gravitational-wave emission from binary neutron stars which inspiral and merge, producing a black hole surrounded by a torus. Our results represent the state of the art from several points of view: (i) We use high-resolution shock-capturing methods for the solution of the hydrodynamics equations and high-order finite-differencing techniques for the solution of the Einstein equations; (ii) We employ adaptive mesh-refinement techniques with 'moving boxes' that provide high-resolution around the orbiting stars; (iii) We use as initial data accurate solutions of the Einstein equations for a system of binary neutron stars in irrotational quasicircular orbits; (iv) We exploit the isolated-horizon formalism to measure the properties of the black holes produced in the merger; (v) Finally, we use two approaches, based either on gauge-invariant perturbations or on Weyl scalars, to calculate the gravitational waves emitted by the system. Within our idealized treatment of the matter, these techniques allow us to perform accurate evolutions on time scales never reported before (i.e. {approx}30 ms) and to providemore » the first complete description of the inspiral and merger of a neutron-star binary leading to the prompt or delayed formation of a black hole and to its ringdown. We consider either a polytropic equation of state or that of an ideal fluid and show that already with this idealized treatment a very interesting phenomenology can be described. In particular, we show that while higher-mass polytropic binaries lead to the prompt formation of a rapidly rotating black hole surrounded by a dense torus, lower-mass binaries give rise to a differentially rotating star, which undergoes large oscillations and emits large amounts of gravitational radiation. Eventually, also the hyper-massive neutron star collapses to a rotating black hole surrounded by a torus. Finally, we also show that the use of a nonisentropic equation of state leads to significantly different evolutions, giving rise to a delayed collapse also with high-mass binaries, as well as to a more intense emission of gravitational waves and to a geometrically thicker torus. « less
The influence of stock market development of low income and middle/high income group countries on an increase in economic growth

This paper investigates relationship between stock market development and economic growth by taking into consideration 30 low income and 30 middle/high income group countries. For the study, OSL regression is chosen to identify the link between variables. Authors use Stock market total value traded to GDP; Stock market capitalisation to GDP; Stock market turnover ratio as a proxy for stock market development and GDP growth rate as a proxy for economic growth. Authors also analyse results by dividing countries into two income groups and explain some reasons for outliers.
Numerical Simulations of a Tornadic Supercell over the Mediterranean

AbstractOn 28 November 2012, a multivortex EF3 tornado occurred in southeastern Italy causing one fatality and estimated damage of 60 million euros. At approximately 1050 LT (0950 UTC), this tornado, which initially formed in association with a supercell thunderstorm over the Ionian Sea, moved inland. The environment where the tornadic supercell developed was characterized by large vertical wind shear in the lowest 1 km of the atmosphere and moderate conditional instability. Mesoscale-model numerical simulations show that it is possible to produce a simulated supercell thunderstorm with a track, change in intensity, and evolution similar to the actual one that spawned the tornado in Taranto, southern Italy. The genesis of the simulated supercell is due to a combination of mesoscale meteorological features: warm low-level air advected toward the Ionian Sea, combined with midlevel cooling due to an approaching trough, increased the potential instability; the intense vertical shear favored the possibility of.
The global structure and time evolution of dayside magnetopause surface eigenmodes

Theoretical work and recent observations suggest that the dayside magnetopause may support its own eigenmode, consisting of propagating surface waves which reflect at the northern and southern ionospheres. These magnetopause surface eigenmodes (MSEs) are a potential source of magnetospheric ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves with frequencies less than 2 mHz. Here we use the Space Weather Modeling Framework to study the magnetospheric response to impulsive solar wind dynamic pressure increases. Waves with 1.8 mHz frequency are excited whose global properties are largely consistent with theoretical predictions for MSE and cannot be explained by other known ULF wave modes. These simulation results lead to two key findings: (1) MSE can be sustained in realistic magnetic field geometries with nonzero flow shear and finite current layer thickness at the magnetopause and (2) MSE can seed the growth of tailward propagating surface waves via the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability.
Dynamic Gains from Trade

The post world war II era has been characterized by unprecedented growth in the world economy and progressive reduction in barriers to international trade and investment. The objective of this study is to assess to what extent the observed growth and deepening international economic integration are related. It begins by discussing the concept of dynamic gains from trade. Narrowly defined, dynamic gains are traderelated changes in the long-run rate of productivity growth. Although there is no conclusive evidence that.
Species Diversity and abundance of Grasshopper fauna (Orthoptera) in rice ecosystem

Grasshoppers fauna were surveyed from Uttar Pradesh state of India during the consecutive years 2010 a nd 2011 from rice fields of both Rabi and Kharif season res pectively. 26 species of grasshoppers representing 14 genera belonging to 2 families, 8 sub families and 12 trib es have been recorded. Maximum diversity shown by f amily Acrididae (85%) followed by pyrgomorphidae (15%). A ll the species of genera Oxya, Hieroglyphus and Acr ida collected from field were found feeding on rice fol iage. Severe damage shown in the later stage of the crop growth by these species and hence may be considered as maj or pest of rice. Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa (Asian rice). As a cereal grain, it is the most im portant staple food for a large part of the world's human populati on, especially in Asia and the West Indies. India i s one of the world's largest producer of white rice, accounting for 20% of all world rice production. Rice is India 's preeminent crop, and is the staple food of the people of the e astern and southern parts of the country. Paddy fields are a common sight throughout India, be they be northern gangeti c plains or southern peninsular plateaus. Paddy is cultivated at least twice a year in most parts of India, the two seasons being known as Rabi and Kharif respectively. The former cultivation is dependent on irrigation, while the l atter depends on Monsoon. The paddy cultivation pla ys a major role in socio-cultural life of rural India. Uttar Pradesh is the fifth largest state of India, and can be divided into three regions by different geographical conditions: North- Himalayan region, Middle- Gangetic plains and South- Vindhyan hills and plateau. It shares Nepal and Tibet in northeast, Himachal Pradesh in n orthwest, Haryana, Rajasthan & Delhi in West, Madhya Pradesh in south and Bihar in southeast. The climate varies from moderately temperate in the Himalayan region to tropical monsoon in the central plains and southern upland r egions. In the plains, the average temperatures var y from 54.5 to 63.5 F (12.5 to 17.5 C) in January to 81.5 to 90.5 F (27.5 to 32.5 C) in May and June. Rainfall in the state ranges from 40-80 inches in the east to 24-40 inches in th e west. The western region of the state is more adv anced in terms of agriculture. Majority of the population depends upon farming as its main occupation. Wheat, rice, s ugar cane, pulses, oil seeds and potatoes are its main product s. Grasshoppers belong to the super family Acridoidea and Pyrgomorphoidea of the order Orthoptera and suborder Caelifera. Acridoidea shows maximum diversity and constitutes only one family i.e., Acrididae whereas
Distribution of water around the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at 3.4 AU from the Sun as seen by the MIRO instrument on Rosetta

The Microwave Instrument on the Rosetta Orbiter (MIRO) has been observing the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko almost continuously since June 2014 at wavelengths near 0.53 mm. We present here a map of the water column density in the inner coma (within 3 km from nucleus center) when the comet was at 3.4 AU from the Sun. Based on the analysis of the H 2 O and H18 2 O (110-101) lines, we find that the column density can vary by two orders of magnitude in this region. The highest column density is observed in a narrow region on the dayside, close to the neck and north pole rotation axis of the nucleus, while the lowest column density is seen against the nightside of the nucleus where outgassing seems to be very low. We estimate that the outgassing pattern can be represented by a Gaussian distribution in a solid angle with FWHM ≈ 80◦.
The response of rats to long-term feeding with diets containing oxidized fat. 2. Biochemical indicators in the serum, liver, and bone mineralization.

Selected biochemical indicators in blood and liver and indicators of femur mineralization were determined in rats fed for eight weeks on diets containing 10% fat with a peroxide value below 5,40, 80, 120, 160, or 200 meq 02/kg. The average body weight of the rats was 259.9±10.5 g, the experimental groups contained 12 animals. Fat with a high peroxide value (160 and 200 meq 02/kg) significantly increased the concentration of malondialdehyde in the serum and slightly in the liver. The most sensitive indicators of the reaction of rats to oxidation of dietary fat were the activity of glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes, which increased with the rising degree of dietary fat oxidation, i.e. at 40 meq 02/kg, the activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase and the vitamin A content in the liver, which fell at a peroxide value of 80 meq 0 2 /kg. A less sensitive indicator was erythrocyte peroxide dismutase activity, which did not increase until fat with a peroxide value of 160 meq 02/kg was fed. The degree of fat oxidation did not significantly affect the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase, liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, acid phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase), serum and liver triglycerides levels, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, or femur mineralization indicators.
Influence of Job Motivation on the Productivity of Librarians in Colleges of Education in Nigeria

High productivity is of primary concern to the individuals, the management of any organisation and to the national economy at large. To achieve maximum productivity, management of all organisation, including college libraries have realised the need to accord high premium to the welfare of the employee. Several studies that have been carried out in librarianship have not fully addressed the issue of job motivation and the productivity of each librarian in colleges of education. The study, therefore, examined job motivation as it influenced the productivity of each librarian in colleges of education in Nigeria. The study adopted correlation research design. The population for the study comprises 63colleges of education libraries in Nigeria, 21 federal and 42 state and the 356 librarians that are found in the libraries. The instrument used for data collection included Questionnaires on Job Motivation and Librarians Productivity (r = 0.97) and Structured Interview Guide for College Librarians only (r = 0.99). Findings from the study revealed that majority of the sampled librarians are not productive. Moreover, job motivation influenced the productivity of librarians to a significant extent with values (r =0.275; p < 0.05). Since librarians are not productive, there is need for collaboration between the college authorities and the librarians to optimise the productivity of the latter. Such collaboration would include effort made to boost the job morale of the librarians. Keywords: Job motivation, productivity of librarians, colleges of education.
Plant essential oils as eco-friendly management tools for root knot nematode on cucumber plants

The effect of plant essential oils from five different plants, including camphor, black seed, castor, sesame and jojoba as ecofriendly materials were evaluated against root knot nematode (RKNs), Meloidogyne javanica infecting cucumber plants under greenhouse conditions. All treatments significantly (p ≤0.05) suppressed nematode criteria including number of root galls, rate of nematode reproduction and nematode reduction. In general, the highest impact in tested oils were caused by castor oil in 15 ppm/ plant treatment (85, 16.29 and 62.65) flowed by sesame in 15 ppm/ plant (172, 21.66 and 50.15) then camphor oil in 15 ppm/ plant treatment and less impact observed in jojoba oil and black seed oil treatments. Consequently, all of used treatments recorded significant (P≤0.05) increased in all plant growth parameters. We conclude that this oils as a good option of alternative control for the root knot nematode in protected cultivation of cucumbers. Keyword: Meloidogyne javanica, plant essential oils, eco-friendly nematode control, cucumber
Cougar Population Dynamics and Viability in the Pacific Northwest

Abstract Increasing reports of human/cougar conflicts may suggest that cougars are increasing in the Pacific Northwest. We determined minimum relative densities and average fecundity, survival, and growth rate of an apparently increasing cougar population in northeastern Washington, USA; northern Idaho, USA; and southern British Columbia, Canada, from 1998 to 2003. Minimum relative densities declined from 1.47 cougars/100 km2 to 0.85 cougars/100 km2. We estimated average litter size at 2.53 kittens, interbirth interval at 18 months, proportion of reproductively successful females at 75%, and age at first parturition at 18 months for a maternity rate of 1.27 kittens/adult female/yr. Average survival rate for all radiocollared cougars was 59%: 77% for adult females, 33% for adult males, 34% for yearlings, and 57% for kittens. Hunting accounted for 92% of mortalities of radiocollared cougars. The annual stochastic growth rate of this population was λ = 0.80 (95% CI = 0.11). Contrary to accepted belief, our findings suggest that cougars in the Pacific Northwest are currently declining. Increased conflicts between cougars and humans in this area could be the result of the 1) very young age structure of the population caused by heavy hunting, 2) increased human intrusion into cougar habitat, 3) low level of social acceptance of cougars in the area, or 4) habituation of cougars to humans. To help preserve this population, we recommend reduced levels of exploitation, particularly for adult females, continuous monitoring, and collaborative efforts of managers from adjacent states and provinces.
Alternative fabrication scheme to study effects of rework of nonconforming products and delayed differentiation on a multiproduct supply-chain system

Article history: Received January 15 2017 Received in Revised Format April 1 2017 Accepted June 1 2017 Available online June 1 2017 This study uses an alternative fabrication scheme to study the effect of rework of nonconforming items and delayed differentiation on a multiproduct supply-chain system. Traditional economic production quantity model focuses on a single-product inventory system where all products made are assumed to be perfect quality and finished products are issued continuously. To increase machine utilization, lower quality costs in production, and reflect the real-world vendor-buyer integrated systems Chiu et al. (2016a) [Chiu, Y-S.P., Kuo, J-S. , Chiu, S. W. , Hsieh, Y-T. (2016a). Effect of delayed differentiation on a multiproduct vendor–buyer integrated inventory system with rework. Advances in Production Engineering & Management, 11(4), 333-344. ] employed a single-machine two-stage production scheme to study the effects of rework and delayed differentiation on a multi-product supply-chain system. With the intention of further reducing fabrication cycle time, this study considers an alternative two-machine two-stage fabrication scheme to re-explore the problem in Chiu et al. (2016a). Machine one solely produces all common parts for multiple end products. Then, machine two fabricates the customized multiproduct using a common cycle time strategy. Through the use of mathematical modeling and analyses, the optimal production cycle length and distribution policy are derived. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate practical usage of the research results, and show its significant benefit in reducing fabrication cycle time compared to that obtained from prior studies that used different schemes. © 2018 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) To Excess Soil Moisture (ESM) Tolerance at Different Stages of Life Cycle

Excess Soil Moisture (ESM) in varying forms posses serious threat to overall production and productivity of maize in Asian region particularly in South East Asia and India. Maize responds differently to ESM conditions at different stages of its life cycle. Further a particular genotype shows differential behaviour to varying levels of waterlogging stress. Seedling stage being very susceptible to excess soil water as was observed in cup screening experiment. Out of 15 genotypes (parents and their crosses made in half diallel fashion), sussceptible genotypes performed poorly and did not reach two leaf stage or even germinated. Most of the genotypes were grouped into first three classes out of the total pre assigned five classes on the basis of their response to waterlogging, reflecting the degree of susceptibility at seedling stage in maize. In normal cup screening trial all the genotypes performed normally. At knee height stage, responses to ESM in different genotypes showed fair correspondence with the responses at seedling. Flooding at knee height stage of the crop growth resulted in immediate wilting of plants starting from the base of the plant and subsequent lodging of most of the plants. In leaves, wilting started from the tip and proceeded towards the base of the leaf. In tolerant genotypes there was profuse appearance of adventitious roots on even up to five nodes in some cases. In most of the genotypes Anthesis Silking Interval (ASI) got widened even more than eight days in some cases was recorded, which subsequently resulted in barrenness of plants and reduction of overall yield. Plant height and ear height was severely affected and in almost all genotypes there was reduction in plant height due to flooding treatment. Physiological traits also got affected due to flooding. There was decrease in transpiration rate and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) got increases in most of the genotypes due to flooding. SPAD values (relative greenness) of the plants got reduced. There was no sinificant change in leaf temperature in most of the cases. Drastic reduction in most of the genotypes was observed but still Pop 3121 and Pop 3118 showed fairly better yields under waterlogged conditions. ASI and PAR showed negative correlation with yield while as nodes bearing adventitious roots showed positive correlation with yield under water logged conditions. In most of the genotypes there was fading of leaf colour immediately after flooding treatment as reflected by their corresponding SPAD values. Tarun 83 showed immediate epinastic effects in the upper leaves on flooding
Rock mass assessment — what goes wrong ?

The use of the Geological Strength Index (GSI) to assess rock mass quality in combination with the Hoek–Brown rock mass shear strength criteria has become widely used within the geotechnical fraternity to assess stability for mine pit slopes. Two approaches for the assessment of GSI appear within the literature. Firstly, quantitative approaches as proposed by Cai et al. (2004), Hoek et al. (2013), Russo (2009) and Sonmez and Ulusay (2002). Secondly, a visual approach Marinos and Hoek (2000), Bertuzzi et al. (2016), Pells et al. (2016) and Russo (2009) and with the latter three set of authors indicating comparable assessment by either the visual or quantitative approach. Moreover, recent discussions also present qualifications and applicability of GSI by Carter and Marinos (2014) and Kaiser et al. (2015). Based on the author’s experience the findings of the above studies are discussed. Examples are utilised to highlight aspects of rock mass quality assessment where geotechnical logging of borehole core is often the only source of evaluation. The author presents two case studies where it has been possible to compare the results of the available quantification schemes with back-analysed strengths from large scale pit instability.
Investigating Surface Effects on Thermomechanical Behavior of Embedded Circular Curved Nanosize Beams

To investigate the surface effects on thermomechanical vibration and buckling of embedded circular curved nanosize beams, nonlocal elasticity model is used in combination with surface properties including surface elasticity, surface tension, and surface density for modeling the nanoscale effect. The governing equations are determined via the energy method. Analytically Navier method is utilized to solve the governing equations for simply supported nanobeam at both ends. Solving these equations enables us to estimate the natural frequency and critical buckling load for circular curved nanobeam including Winkler and Pasternak elastic foundations and under the effect of a uniform temperature change. The results determined are verified by comparing the results with available ones in literature. The effects of various parameters such as nonlocal parameter, surface properties, Winkler and Pasternak elastic foundations, temperature, and opening angle of circular curved nanobeam on the natural frequency and critical buckling load are successfully studied. The results reveal that the natural frequency and critical buckling load of circular curved nanobeam are significantly influenced by these effects.