Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hematobiochemical alterations in ectoparasite infestation in canines

The study was carried out to determine the hematobiochemical alterations in dogs suffering from ectoparasite infestation presented to TVCC, Pantnagar. Two groups of dogs infested with mange and tick/flea/lice and one healthy group each comprising of eight dogs were selected for the study. Hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease where as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total leukocyte count values recorded a significant (P<0.05) increase in both groups as compared with healthy group. Also a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the mean values of serum glucose, total protein, albumin and albumin globulin ratio where as a significant (P<0.05) increase in the mean values of globulin were recorded. In mange affected dogs serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) values were significantly (P<0.05) higher than control group where as no such significant (P<0.05) difference in serum enzymes was found in case of tick/flea/lice group.
The effects of dietary cottonseed meal and oil supplementation on laying performance and egg quality of laying hens

Abstract Cottonseed meal (CSM) and cottonseed oil (CSO), two cottonseed products, are rich in protein and lipids, respectively, but their use is limited by antinutritional factors in the products. This study investigated the effect of different dietary levels of CSM and CSO supplementation on the laying performance and egg quality of laying hens. A total of 162 24‐week‐old Hy‐Line brown laying hens were randomly assigned to diets supplemented with 0, 6%, or 12% CSM and 0, 2%, or 4% CSO in a 3 × 3 factorial design. During the 8‐week feeding trial, laying performance and egg quality parameters were measured weekly. Furthermore, a texture profile analysis (TPA) of the egg yolks was conducted, and the fatty acid profiles and protein composition of the yolks were measured to further determine egg quality. CSM supplementation decreased (p < 0.01) egg production and feed efficiency and increased (p < 0.01) yolk color, eggshell rate, and shell thickness, but had no significant effects on the TPA parameters, fatty acid profiles, and protein components of egg yolks. CSO supplementation resulted in decreases (p < 0.01) in egg production, egg weight, and feed efficiency and an increase (p < 0.01) in yolk color. In addition, CSO supplementation with two weeks of cold storage changed the physical properties of boiled egg yolks, as indicated by increased (p < 0.01) hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. Furthermore, 4% CSO supplementation increased the ratio of saturated/monounsaturated fatty acids (SAFA/MUFA) and the protein content of egg yolks, which was accompanied by a modified protein composition. These results indicate that CSM supplementation reduces laying performance and egg quality, and CSO supplementation decreases laying performance and results in egg yolk hardening by modifying its components.
Development of real time power system simulator in Matlab/Simulink environment

This paper presents a real time power system simulator developed for multi-machine power systems in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The proposed simulator is set up by using a personal computer with a DSP board having AD and DA conversion interfaces. The proposed simulator is a powerful tool for the experimental evaluation of generator controllers using advanced technologies at laboratories.
Fattening performance and slaughter traits in male Pharaoh Japanese quails

Lukanov, H. and A. Genchev, 2018. Fattening performance and slaughter traits in male Pharaoh Japanese quails. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 24 (3): 476–479 The study was carried out with 72 growing male Japanese quails from the meat Pharaoh breed. Fattening performance of birds was monitored between 15 and 35 days of age. At 35 days of age, slaughter analysis was done as well as proximate analysis of breast and thigh muscles. The analysis of results showed that during the experimental period, the average feed conversion ranged between 3.31 and 3.64 kg/kg weight gain, while 1 kg weight gain was achieved with 46.70 MJ metabolisable energy and 721 g crude protein. After 28 days of age, feed conversion decreased almost twice, making fattening ineffective. At 35 days of age the average birds’ weight was 237.11 ± 2.826 g. The deskinned grill percentage varied from 55.5 – 62.4% of live body weight. The relative proportion of breast with bone was 44.5 – 50.5% of grill weight, and of thighs: 24.7 – 30.4%. The percentage of manually deboned breast meat from grill weight was from 38.7 and 44.7% while of thigh meat: 20.5 – 24.9%.
Recurrent networks can recycle neural resources to flexibly trade speed for accuracy in visual recognition

Deep feedforward neural network models of vision dominate in both computational neuroscience and engineering. However, the primate visual system contains abundant recurrent connections. Recurrent signal flow enables recycling of limited computational resources over time, and so might boost the performance of a physically finite brain. In particular, recurrence could improve performance in vision tasks. Here we find that recurrent convolutional networks outperform feedforward convolutional networks matched in their number of parameters in large-scale visual recognition tasks. Moreover, recurrent networks can trade off accuracy for speed, balancing the cost of error against the cost of a delayed response (and the cost of greater energy consumption). We terminate recurrent computation once the output probability distribution has concentrated beyond a predefined entropy threshold. Trained by backpropagation through time, recurrent convolutional networks resemble the primate visual system in terms of their speed-accuracy trade-off behaviour. These results suggest that recurrent models are preferable to feedforward models of vision, both in terms of their performance at vision tasks and their ability to explain biological vision.
The Response of Different Weed Species to Glyphosate Using Ammonium Sulfate and Hard Water

ABSTRACT: Water hardness antagonism and the effect of ammonium sulphate (AMS) on efficacy of glyphosate have been well documented. However conflicting results between weed species were noted by the authors. Greenhouse experiments were conducted twice at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement and three replications during 2014-2015. Four experiments were arranged separately on cypress (Kochia scoparia), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor) and winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) using ammonium sulphate and deionizad water and in the presence of different salts, (i.e. NaHCO3, CaCO3, MgCl2 and CaCl2 at 500 ppm) against three doses of glyphosate (256.25, 512.5 and 1,025 g a.i. ha-1), with and without ammonium sulphate (AMS) as adjuvant (2% w/v). The results showed the application of AMS overcomes the inhibitory effects of salts in the spray solution in tested species. The degree of effectiveness in A. retroflexus was more than A. ludoviciana and P. minor. Glyphosate with AMS caused reduction in dry matter in grasses from 0.34 to 0.28 g, while glyphosate toxicity in A. retroflexus with AMS was 100 percent and all of the plants were destroyed (0.82 to 0 g). The application of AMS in overcoming the inhibitory effects of water hardness had no effect on K. scoparia control. However, Increasing AMS could overcome the inhibitory effects of hard water in the spray solution on glyphosate efficacy in A. retroflexus and K. scoparia, but it had no effect on tested grassy weeds. We may conclude that glyphosate work differently on weed species using AMS and hard water.
Packet classification as a fundamental network primitive

Packet classification is an ubiquitous and key building block of many critical network functions like routing, firewalling, and load balancing. However, classification is currently implemented, deployed and configured in an ad-hoc manner. Reliance on ad-hoc mechanisms make classification hard to configure, inefficient and inflexible. In this thesis, we address the above limitations by elevating packet classification as a fundamental network primitive. We do so by introducing a new classification layer in the network protocol stack, and by defining two control plane protocols—policy-based classifier deployment and generic classification offload. In policy-based classifier deployment, packets are explicitly redirected through the classifiers specified by network policy. Generic classification offload provides a signaling mechanism that enables different entities to collaboratively implement classification. Through prototype implementations, testbed experiments and formal analysis, we demonstrate that our solution simplifies deployment and configuration, and improves flexibility, efficiency and performance of packet classification.
Antibacterial Assessment of Crude and Fractionated Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf against Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria of Wound Infection

This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial effect of crude and fractionated extracts of leaves of Vernonia amygdalina against multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria isolate from wounds. The bacteria isolates obtained are: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus pyogene; they were confirmed standard microbiological techniques. Extracts were prepared from the leaf of the plant using ethanol, chloroform, cold water and hot water. The antibacterial activities of the crude extracts were assayed using the agar well diffusion methods. Multiple antibiotic resistant of the isolates was confirmed in the six (6) isolates. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols and saponins. All the extract showed varying degrees of activities depending on the extract concentration and the extract solvent. Generally, ethanol rated best as the extraction solvent which was able to inhibit all isolates except K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, and inhibits S. aureus at 50 mg/ml with zones 6.997±0.003. The antibacterial efficacy of the extract increases with a corresponding increase in the extract concentration. The MBC values ranged from 50 - 400 mg/mL for all the extraction solvent, and this is very important for people who depend on the plant for their health care needs. Fra 1, 6, and 10 of the column fractions were able to inhibit with 8.997 ± 0.008 mm, 8.993 ± 0.012 mm and 9.007 ± 0.000 mm respectively. The functional groups are Alkene, alkane group, alkyl halides, N-H bend of amides and Alcohol. The leaf of Vernonia amgydalina can be used as a raw material for the production of new antibiotic to control multiple resistant bacteria.
Mapping the intracellular molecular mechanisms of chemokine signalling within cancer

Chemokines are extracellular signalling molecules which function as chemoattractants for leukocytes by directing their migration towards sites of inflammation as part of the immune response. On epithelial cells chemokine receptor expression is normally low or absent. However during cancer progression, chemokine receptors can become overexpressed on cancer cells, whilst chemokines are frequently present at sites of metastasis. Consequently aberrant chemokine signalling is associated with both metastasis and a poor prognosis in cancer patients. The chemokine signalling network is therefore consider a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. The aim of the research undertaken in this thesis was to identify novel therapeutic targets involved in chemokine downstream signalling in cancer cells. To investigate the chemokine downstream signalling pathway, a number of different chemokines and small molecules were used with their effects on cellular intracellular calcium signalling and migration of different leukemic and carcinoma cells assessed. The findings from the screen identified a role for CCL2 and CCL3 signalling in the migration of PC-3 and MCF-7 cells respectively. In MCF-7 cells, CXCL12 intracellular calcium signalling was shown to be dependent on Gαi, Syk/Src, c-Raf, DOCK1/2/5 and Arp2/3. With DOCK1/2/5 also shown to be essential for CCL3 and CXCL12 intracellular calcium signalling in both MCF-7 and THP-1 cells, as well as for CXCL12 chemotaxis of Jurkat cells. For Arp2/3 its importance in chemokine signalling was specific to MCF-7 cells, whilst the roles of the microtubules and FAK were dependent on both the chemokine and cell type. In this thesis DOCK1/2/5 was identified as a novel target for blocking leukemic T-cell migration (Jurkats) in response to CXCL12. In addition, Arp2/3 and the microtubules were implicated in chemokine signalling and therefore would warrant further investigation to establish their importance in cancer cell migration.
MICROBIAL STATUS OF DOSPAT DAM LAKE, BULGARIA

ILIEV, I. , S. KOSTADINOVA, M. MARHOVA, T. HUBENOVA and A. ZAIKOV, 2015. Microbial status of Dospat Dam Lake, Bulgaria. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., Supplement 1, 21: 33–39 The aim of this study was to determine the total count of main microbial indicators for the water quality of Dospat Dam Lake. Samples were taken from six stations situated in the aquatory of the reservoir and one station at Dospatska River. The seasonal dynamics of the total viable count (TVC 20°C), total coliforms (TC), E. coli, fecal streptococci (FS) and C. perfringens were studied for the period April 2011 – March 2012. The values for the TVC 20oC were within range of 1.103cfu.100 mL–1 to 39.103 cfu.100 mL–1, without statistically signifi cant differences between stations (ANOVA, P > 0.05). The average values for TC varied from 10 cfu.100 mL–1 to 100 cfu.100 mL–1 and in August it rose to 1000 cfu.100 mL–1 with higher numbers near the net cage farms (ANOVA, P < 0.005). Presence of E. coli, FS and C. perfringens during the spring months was not established. Slight increase of the sanitary-state indicator was observed in August with values of 26 cfu.100 mL–1, 20 cfu.100 mL–1 and 10cfu.100 mL–1 for E. coli, FS and C. perfringens respectively, with similar trends in November. Coliforms were characterized by low species diversity with domination of Serratia marcescens, Pantoea aglomerans, Hafnia alvei and Enterobacter cloacae at stations tree, four and fi ve. The highest number of species was observed at station six (near Sarnitza village).
Vermicomposting of Banana Pseudostem and Maize Fodder (Waste) Using Eudrilus eugeniae

The experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Research Station, College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Jabugam during three consecutive seasons of the years 2015-16 and 2016-17. This was to evaluate banana Pseudostem and maize fodder waste with and without cow dung and Anubhav biodegradable bacterial consortium (ABBC) for it bi-product in terms of vermi-composting, time required for degradation and the nutritive quality of vermicompost. The experiment consisted of eight treatments and conducted in RBD with three replications. Results shows that, the treatment Banana pseudostem + 5% Cow dung + Anubhav biodegradable bacterial consortium and the treatment Maize fodder waste + 5% Cow dung + Anubhav biodegradable bacterial consortium were significantly higher for N, P, K content during all the three seasons and in pooled analysis with less number of days to harvest and high recovery. While, microbial count were recorded maximum in banana Pseudostem based vermicompost than maize fodder waste. Overall, vermicompost produced from the banana Pseudostem and maize fodder waste by using ABBC @ 1 lit/t and 5 % cow dung provided the major nutrients in more balanced proportion. The main perspectives of this study is to decrease the environmental pollution by making vermicompost from banana pseudostem waste or maize fodder (waste) instead of dumping on road side or burning or left in the field and also reduce the use of chemicals by using vermicompost.
Molecular evolutionary consequences of island colonisation

Island endemics are likely to experience population bottlenecks; they also have restricted ranges. Therefore we expect island species to have small effective population sizes (Ne) and reduced genetic diversity compared to their mainland counterparts. As a consequence, island species may have inefficient selection and reduced adaptive potential. We used both polymorphisms and substitutions to address these predictions, improving on the approach of recent studies that only used substitution data. This allowed us to directly test the assumption that island species have small values of Ne. We found that island species had significantly less genetic diversity than mainland species; however, this pattern could be attributed to a subset of island species that had undergone a recent population bottleneck. When these species were excluded from the analysis, island and mainland species had similar levels of genetic diversity, despite island species occupying considerably smaller areas than their mainland counterparts. We also found no overall difference between island and mainland species in terms of effectiveness of selection or mutation rate. Our evidence suggests that island colonisation has no lasting impact on molecular evolution. This surprising result highlights gaps in our knowledge of the relationship between census and effective population size.
Comparative Study of Feeding Different Levels of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) on Growth Performance of COBB-500 Broilers

The present work was aimed to determine the comparative effect of feeding different levels of black cumin on growth, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of COBB-500 broiler. Three hundred and twenty, days-old straight run COBB-500 chicks from a lot of the same hatch were brooded in an electrically operated battery brooder for a period of 7 days, where pre-experimental diet was offered. On the 8th day, chicks having uniform body weight were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with four replications (20 chicks in each). The isoproteinous and isocaloric formulated standard starter (1–10 days), grower (11–20 days), and finisher (21–42 days) diets were supplemented with different levels of black cumin of T1 – control, T2 – 0.25% black cumin, T3 – 0.5% black cumin, and T4 – 0.75% black cumin, respectively. The chicks were offered ad libitum treatment diets and clean drinking water. The desired data were recorded weekly, which included live weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of broiler birds. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis under completely randomized design as per the methods of MSTAT. Final live weight of the birds was found highly significant (P 0.05) on the total feed consumption. Feed conversion ratio was found significantly different (P < 0.01) for all treatment groups. It is, therefore, concluded that inclusion of black cumin in the broiler rations could be economical and efficient production of broilers.
Book Reviews: Syntactic Wordclass Tagging

Preface. Contributing Authors. Part I: The User's View. 1. Orientation A. Voutilainen. 2. A Short History of Tagging A. Voutilainen. 3. The Use of Tagging G. Leech, N. Smith. 4. Tagsets J. Cloeren. 5. Standards for Tagsets G. Leech, A. Wilson. 6. Performance of Taggers H. van Halteren. 7. Selection and Operation of Taggers H. van Halteren. Part II: The Implementer's View. 8. Automatic Taggers: An Introduction H. van Halteren, A. Voutilainen. 9. Tokenization G. Grefenstette. 10. Lexicons for Tagging A. Schiller, L. Karttunen. 11. Standardization in the Lexicon M. Monachini, N. Calzolari. 12. Morphological Analysis K. Oflazer. 13. Tagging Unknown Words E. Brill. 14. Hand-Crafted Rules A. Voutilainen. 15. Corpus-Based Rules E. Brill. 16. Hidden Markov Models M. El-Beze, B. Merialdo. 17. Machine Learning Approaches W. Daelemans. Appendix A: Example tagsets. References. Index.
Exploring novel probiotic mechanisms of Streptococcus A12 with functional genomics

Health-associated biofilms in the oral cavity are composed of a diverse group of microbial species that can foster an environment that is less favorable for the outgrowth of dental caries pathogens, like Streptococcus mutans. A novel oral bacterium, designated Streptococcus A12, was previously isolated from supragingival dental plaque of a caries-free individual, and was shown to interfere potently with the growth and virulence properties of S. mutans. Here, we apply functional genomics to begin to identify molecular mechanisms used by A12 to antagonize, and to resist the antagonistic factors of, S. mutans. Using bioinformatics, genes that could encode factors that enhance the ability of A12 to compete with S. mutans were identified. Selected genes, designated as potential competitive factors (pcf), were deleted. Certain mutant derivatives showed a reduced capacity to compete with S. mutans compared to the parental strain. The A12 pcfO mutant lost the ability to inhibit comX-inducing peptide (XIP) signaling by S. mutans, while mutants in the pcfFEG locus were impaired in sensing of, and were more sensitive to, the lantibiotic nisin. Loss of PcfV, annotated as a colicin V biosynthetic protein, resulted in diminished antagonism of S. mutans. Collectively, the data provide new insights into the complexities and variety of factors that affect biofilm ecology and virulence. Continued exploration of the genomic and physiologic factors that distinguish commensals from truly beneficial members of the oral microbiota will lead to a better understanding of the microbiome and new approaches to promote oral health. Importance Advances in defining the composition of health-associated biofilms have highlighted the important role for beneficial species in maintaining health. Comparatively little, however, has been done to address the genomic and physiological basis underlying the probiotic mechanisms of beneficial commensals. In this study, we explored the ability of a novel oral bacterial isolate, Streptococcus A12, to compete with the dental pathogen Streptococcus mutans, using various gene products with diverse functions. A12 displayed enhanced competitiveness by: i) disrupting intercellular communication pathways of S. mutans, ii) sensing and resisting antimicrobial peptides, and iii) producing factors involved in the production of a putative antimicrobial compound. Research on the probiotic mechanisms employed by Streptococcus A12 is providing essential insights into how beneficial bacteria may help maintain oral health, which will aid in the development of biomarkers and therapeutics that can improve the practice of clinical dentistry.
A comparative study on the external parasites of Oreochromis spp from wild and cultured setting in Behera, Egypt

A total one hundred (Tilapia spp) Oreochromis spp fishes were collected and examined for the presence of ectoparasites, fifty fishes from each farm and wild environment (River Nile) over a period of five months from February to July 2017. Total infestation rate of ectoparasites from cultured Oreochromis spp (100%) was higher than of those recorded in wild Oreochromis spp (74 %). The ciliated protozoan parasite Trichodina spp was the most abundant ectoparasite recovered from both cultured and wild environment. However, the study revealed two kinds of external parasites, protozoa and monogenetic trematodes. Protozoans showed the most prevalent ectoparasites (100%) in cultured Oreochromis spp and (74%) in wild Orechromis spp, while the monogenetic trematodes recorded (20%) in cultured fishes only while wild fishes showed no infestation. Furthermore, the load of protozoans in cultured Oreochromis differed significantly (P 0.05). As well as monogenetic trematodes recovered from cultured fishes were differing significantly (P< 0.001) from those recovered from wild fishes but this difference was applied only on Dactylogyrus spp since the Gyrodactlus spp did not show any significant.