Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subgroups of Twisted Wreath Products

By determining subdirect products invariant under the action of a regular permutation group of the components we provide a natural motivation for the deﬁnition of twisted wreath products. Then—based on papers of R. Baddeley, A. Lucchini, F. B¨orner, and M. Aschbacher—we explain how twisted wreath products play a fundamental role in the problem of representing ﬁnite lattices as intervals in subgroup lattices of ﬁnite groups.
Effect of Omental Angiogenic Lipid Factor on Revascularization of Autotransplanted Spleen in Dogs

Since the turn of the century, studies have been carried out showing that the omentum contains a factor which enhances revascularization of ischemic tissues. This study was conducted for a period of 3 months and was designed to evaluate the effect of an omental lipid fraction on neovascularization of autotransplanted spleen chips in dogs. Twelve dogs underwent splenectomy and autotransplantation of 5 splenic chips into an omental pouch. In 4 dogs, the splenic chips were immersed in omental angiogenic lipid factor (OAF), while on another 4 dogs, an intramuscular injection of 4 cm3 of OAF was given each day for 7 days postoperatively. A further 4 dogs were not given any of the above treatments (control group). Serial angiographies and histologic examinations demonstrated better neovascularization and regeneration of the transplanted spleen in the dogs from the immersion plus injection group. These data suggest that the omental lipid fraction contains a factor which induces a better regeneration of splenic transplants.
Advance Selling Without Showing the Price? The Roles of Anecdotal Reasoning and Capacity

Motivated by the recent practice, we study the advance selling strategy without showing the price (which may be coined as "probabilistic pricing"). We postulate that customers have boundedly rational expectations via anecdotal reasoning to anticipate the firm's pricing strategy. This bounded rationality thus induces the firm to strategically randomize prices to create intentional uncertainty for customers' decision making, even in the absence of demand and valuation uncertainties. Scarce capacity creates availability obfuscation (on top of stock-out risk) and may reduce the incentive for price obfuscation. We further find that if customers are not highly strategic (i.e., forward-looking), it is optimal to charge a fixed price that coincides with the optimal price with fully rational customers. Demand uncertainty does not influence the optimality of price obfuscation but tends to weaken its magnitude, and customers' valuation uncertainty may sometimes intensify the firm's incentives to obfuscate. Our study provides a novel behavioral explanation for the recent practice of probabilistic pricing.
Deletion mapping of chromosomes 8, 10, and 16 in human prostatic carcinoma

In an allelotyping study of prostatic carcinoma, we found the highest frequency of allelic deletions on chromosomes 8, 10, 16, and 18. In all cases with allelic deletions, at least one of the chromosomes 8, 10, and 16 were involved. A detailed deletion mapping of these chromosomes in 18 cases was carried out with probes that detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) on chromosomes 8 (6 probes), 10(11 probes), and 16 (9 probes). The highest frequency of allelic deletions were found on 8p (65%), where the minimally deleted region was between the PLA T locus and pter. The long arm of chromosome 16 had allelic deletions in 56% of informative cases, with three different break points, the most distal being located between D16S4 and D16S7. Chromosome 10 exhibited a complex deletion pattern with terminal deletions of the p or the q arm (2 cases each), a deletion pattern that could be interpreted as nonreciprocal translocations of the q arm (2 cases), or allelic losses on all informative loci, suggesting monosomy (2 cases). Our data suggest that tumor suppressor genes involved in the oncogenesis of prostatic carcinoma may be localized between 8 pter and the PLAT locus and that additional/alternative tumor suppressor genes may be localized on chromosome 10 and on the long arm of chromosome 16 distal to the D16S4 locus.
The relationship between HbA1c level, symptoms and self-rated health in type 2 diabetic patients

Abstract Objective. Improving glycaemic control is generally supposed to reduce symptoms experienced by type 2 diabetic patients, but the relationships between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), diabetes-related symptoms, and self-rated health (SRH) are unclarified. This study explored the relationships between these aspects of diabetes control. Design. A cross-sectional study one year after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Subjects. A population-based sample of 606 type 2 diabetic patients, median age 65.6 years at diagnosis, regularly reviewed in primary care. Main outcome measures. The relationships between HbA1c, diabetes-related symptoms, and SRH. Results. The patients’ median HbA1c was 7.8 (reference interval: 5.4–7.4 % at the time of the study). 270 (45.2%) reported diabetes-related symptoms within the past 14 days. SRH was associated with symptom score (γ = 0.30, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (γ = 0.17, p = 0.038) after correction for covariates. The relation between HbA1c and symptom score was explained by SRH together with other confounders, e.g. hypertension (γ = 0.02, p = 0.40). The relation between the symptom fatigue and SRH was not explained by symptom score and significantly modified the direct association between symptom score and SRH. Conclusions. Symptom relief may not occur even when HbA1c level is at its lowest average level in the natural history of diabetes, and symptoms and SRH are closely linked. Monitoring symptoms in the clinical encounter to extend information on disease severity, as measured e.g. by HbA1c, may help general practitioners and patients to understand the possible impact of treatments and of disease manifestations in order to obtain optimum disease control.
Noninvasive Carotid Strain Imaging Using Angular Compounding at Large Beam Steered Angles: Validation in Vessel Phantoms

Stroke and myocardial infarction are initiated by rupturing vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. With noninvasive ultrasound elastography, these plaques might be detected in carotid arteries. However, since the ultrasound beam is generally not aligned with the radial direction in which the artery pulsates, radial and circumferential strains need to be derived from axial and lateral data. Conventional techniques to perform this conversion have the disadvantage that lateral strain is required. Since the lateral strain has relatively poor accuracy, the quality of the radial and circumferential strains is reduced. In this study, the radial and circumferential strain estimates are improved by combining axial strain data acquired at multiple insonification angles. Adaptive techniques to correct for grating lobe interference and other artifacts that occur when performing beam steering at large angles are introduced. Acquisitions at multiple angles are performed with a beam steered linear array. For each beam steered angle, there are two spatially restricted regions of the circular vessel cross section where the axial strain is closely aligned with the radial strain and two spatially restricted regions (different from the radial strain regions) where the axial strain is closely aligned with the circumferential strain. These segments with high quality strain estimates are compounded to form radial or circumferential strain images. Compound radial and circumferential strain images were constructed for a homogeneous vessel phantom with a concentric lumen subjected to different intraluminal pressures. Comparison of the elastographic signal-to-noise ratio (SNRe) and contrast-to-noise ratio ( CNRe) revealed that compounding increases the image quality considerably compared to images from 0deg information only. SNRe and CNRe increase up to 2.7 and 6.6 dB, respectively. The highest image quality was achieved by projecting axial data, completed with a small segment determined by either principal component analysis or by application of a rotation matrix.
Low urine output during the first twenty-four hours after total knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND Low urine output (LUO) for six hours is defined as the stage that is at risk of acute renal failure. Major surgeries with a bloodless field, such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA), may be associated with LUO; however; there has been no study addressing this point. The present study evaluated the incidence of LUO and the effect of fluid balance on LUO in TKA patients during the first 24 hours after surgery. MATERIAL AND METHOD The authors retrospectively evaluated 257 uncomplicated patients undergoing unilateral TKA during the first 24 hours after surgery. Patients' demographic data, intra-operative intravenous (IV) fluid replacement, postoperative IV fluid replacement, oral fluid intake, total fluid intake, postoperative urine output, blood collected from the drain, and the total visible fluid output during the first 24 hours after surgery were collected and evaluated. RESULTS The incidence of LUO was 19.1% (49/257) in the studied group. There were no significant differences in patients' demographic data between the LUO and normal urine output (NUO) groups. Comparing the LUO and NUO groups, the LUO group had a lower volume of intra-operative fluid replacement, with statistical significance. There were no differences in postoperative IV fluid replacement and postoperative oral fluid intake between groups. Although 80.5% of the studied group had LV fluid replacement at a less than ideal level, at discharge there was no patient suffering from renal complications related to LUO. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Urine output is one of the common monitoring parameters of fluid balance in the perioperative period; it should be ≥ 0.5 mL/kg/h. Prolonged low urine output for six hours and for 12 hours are categorized as causing risk and injury to the kidney, respectively. The incidence of LUO at our institution during the first 24 hours after TKA is not uncommon and is significantly related to intra-operative fluid replacement. Fortunately, all LUO patients had further fluid replacement, resulting in no renal complications at discharge. As eighty percent of patients had less than ideal fluid replacement, and patients having LUO during the first 24 hours had a significantly lower volume of intra-operative fluid replacement, the authors propose reconsidering perioperative fluid replacement in TKA patients, especially intra-operative IV fluid to avoid LUO.
The Co-determinants of Capital Structure and Stock Returns: Evidence from the Karachi Stock Exchange

This study uses a structural model to analyze the co-determinants of capital structure and stock returns. Applying a generalized method of moments (GMM) model to a panel dataset for 100 nonfinancial firms for the period 2006– 10, our results indicate that both leverage and stock returns affect each other but that the former has a dominant effect on the latter. The results illustrate that profitability, growth, and liquidity are significant determinants of leverage and stock returns. Profitability negatively affects leverage and positively affects stock returns. Growth has a positive effect, while liquidity has a negative effect on leverage and stock returns. Firm size does not have any significant effect on either capital structure or stock returns.
Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy, cognitive behavioral writing therapy, and wait‐list in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder following single‐incident trauma: a multicenter randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND Practice guidelines for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) recommend trauma-focused psychotherapies, mainly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is a brief trauma-focused, evidence-based treatment for PTSD in adults, but with few well-designed trials involving children and adolescents. METHODS We conducted a single-blind, randomized trial with three arms (n = 103): EMDR (n = 43), Cognitive Behavior Writing Therapy (CBWT; n = 42), and wait-list (WL; n = 18). WL participants were randomly reallocated to CBWT or EMDR after 6 weeks; follow-ups were conducted at 3 and 12 months posttreatment. Participants were treatment-seeking youth (aged 8-18 years) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of PTSD (or subthreshold PTSD) tied to a single trauma, who received up to six sessions of EMDR or CBWT lasting maximally 45 min each. RESULTS Both treatments were well-tolerated and relative to WL yielded large, intent-to-treat effect sizes for the primary outcomes at posttreatment: PTSD symptoms (EMDR: d = 1.27; CBWT: d = 1.24). At posttreatment 92.5% of EMDR, and 90.2% of CBWT no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. All gains were maintained at follow-up. Compared to WL, small to large (range d = 0.39-1.03) intent-to-treat effect sizes were obtained at posttreatment for negative trauma-related appraisals, anxiety, depression, and behavior problems with these gains being maintained at follow-up. Gains were attained with significantly less therapist contact time for EMDR than CBWT (mean = 4.1 sessions/140 min vs. 5.4 sessions/227 min). CONCLUSIONS EMDR and CBWT are brief, trauma-focused treatments that yielded equally large remission rates for PTSD and reductions in the severity of PTSD and comorbid difficulties in children and adolescents seeking treatment for PTSD tied to a single event. Further trials of both treatments with PTSD tied to multiple traumas are warranted.
An Investigation of Direct Torque Control and Hysteresis Current Vector Control for Motion Control Synchronous Reluctance Motor Applications

Abstract Synchronous reluctance motor drives are one of the most attractive alternatives of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives and induction motor drives in the field of conventional industrial and household applications. This tendency is expected to be continued in the case of motion control applications as well. This article investigates two torque-control algorithms that are possible candidates for motion control synchronous reluctance motor applications. The examined torque-control algorithms are direct torque control (DTC) and hysteresis current vector control (HCVC).
Dielectrc Polarization of Animal Lung at Radio Frequencies

Dielectric properties of the inflated and deflated fceline lung in vivo were investigated at frequencies from 10 kHz to 100 MHz. A computer-controlled network analyzer and a multiring capacitive sensor were employed. It was found that in the frequency range investigated, both the dielectric constant and the conductivity of the deflated lung were higher than those of the inflated one. The analysis of the experimental data was performed using two approaches: the loss-tangent method and the curve-fitting computer program called STEPIT. It was found that in the middle band of frequencies for both inflated and deflated states of the lung, the dielectric response mainly reflects the membrane polarization of the capillary erythrocytes with possible contributions of other components, e.g., the pulmonary microphages. The dielectric relaxation time for the capillary erythrocytes in the lung is similar to that for the packed cells, which is much longer than for the erythrocytes at physiological concentrations. The dielectric parameters at low frequencies obtained using the STEPIT program differ significantly between the inflated and deflated lung. The observed dielectric data reflect at least two overlapping dispersions: of lung capillary erythrocytes and of cellular structures forming the alveoli.
Hemispheric cups do not reproduce acetabular rim morphology

Background Iliopsoas impingement is a recurrent complication following THA, caused by muscle friction against a protrusive prosthetic cup.This study was designed to quantify the dimensional variations in acetabular rim proiles, with particular regard to the iliopubic valley, in order to suggest means to prevent iliopsoas impingement. Material and methods 34 cadaver pelvises were analyzed using a hip navigation system.The morphometric data were processed to plot proiles of all acetabular rims with particular regard to the shape and depth of the psoas valley. Results The acetabular rim is an asymmetric succession of 3 peaks and 3 troughs.The psoas valley is a salient feature in most pelvises and there is only a weak correlation between its depth (mean 3.8 mm, SD 2.0) and acetabular diameter, anteversion, or inclination. Interpretation It would be dificult to obviate the anterior overlap of the acetabulum using a hemispheric cup, a fortiori in certain morphotypes, without compromising range of motion or risk of dislocation.The solution for prevention of iliopsoas impingement would be to adapt cup design to acetabular anatomy, which may require different implants for the right and left sides, and hence a doubled inventory.
The effect of perimodiolar placement on speech perception and frequency discrimination by cochlear implant users

Conclusion. Neither speech understanding nor frequency discrimination ability was better in Nucleus Contour™ users than in Nucleus 24 straight electrode users. Furthermore, perimodiolar electrode placement does not result in better frequency discrimination. Objectives. We addressed three questions related to perimodiolar electrode placement. First, do patients implanted with the Contour™ electrode understand speech better than with an otherwise identical device that has a straight electrode? Second, do these groups have different frequency discrimination abilities? Third, is the distance of the electrode from the modiolus related to frequency discrimination ability? Subjects and methods. Contour™ and straight electrode users were matched on four important variables. We then tested these listeners on CNC word and HINT sentence identification tasks, and on a formant frequency discrimination task. We also examined X-rays and measured the distance of the electrodes from the modiolus to determine whether there is a relationship between this factor and frequency discrimination ability. Results. Both speech understanding and frequency discrimination abilities were similar for listeners implanted with the Contour™ vs a straight electrode. Furthermore, there was no linear relationship between electrode–modiolus distance and frequency discrimination ability. However, we did note a second-order relationship between these variables, suggesting that frequency discrimination is worse when the electrodes are either too close or too far away from the modiolus.
Hyperhomocysteinemia from trimethylation of hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine during cholesterol cholelithogenesis in inbred mice

Because hyperhomocysteinemia can occur in cholesterol gallstone disease, we hypothesized that this may result from trimethylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), which partakes in biliary phosphatidylcholine (PC) hypersecretion during cholesterol cholelithogenesis. We fed murine strains C57L/J, C57BL/6J, SWR/J, AKR/J, PE N‐methyltransferase (PEMT) knockout (KO), PEMT heterozygous (HET), and wildtype (WT) mice a cholesterol/cholic acid lithogenic diet (LD) for up to 56 days and documented biliary lipid phase transitions and secretion rates. We quantified plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), folate, and vitamin B12 in plasma and liver, as well as biliary tHcy and cysteine secretion rates. Rate‐limiting enzyme activities of PC synthesis, PEMT and cytidine triphosphate: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (PCT), S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM), and S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were measured in liver homogenates. Other potential sources of plasma tHcy, glycine N‐methyltransferase (GNMT) and guanidinoacetate N‐methyltransferase (GAMT), were assayed by gene expression. Plasma tHcy and PEMT activities became elevated during cholelithogenesis in gallstone‐susceptible C57L, C57BL/6, and SWR mice but not in the gallstone‐resistant AKR mice. Persisting in C57L mice, which exhibit the greatest Lith gene burden, these increases were accompanied by elevated hepatic SAM/SAH ratios and augmented biliary tHcy secretion rates. Counter‐regulation included remethylation of Hcy to methionine concurrent with decreased folate and vitamin B12 levels and Hcy transsulfuration to cysteine. Concomitantly, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Mthfr), betaine‐homocysteine methyltransferase (Bhmt), and cystathionine‐β‐synthase (Cbs) were up‐regulated, but Gnmt and Gamt genes were down‐regulated. PEMT KO and HET mice displayed biliary lipid secretion rates and high gallstone prevalence rates similar to WT mice without any elevation in plasma tHcy levels. Conclusion: This work implicates up‐regulation of PC synthesis by the PEMT pathway as a source of elevated plasma and bile tHcy during cholesterol cholelithogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
A Parallel Corpus of Python Functions and Documentation Strings for Automated Code Documentation and Code Generation

Automated documentation of programming source code and automated code generation from natural language are challenging tasks of both practical and scientific interest. Progress in these areas has been limited by the low availability of parallel corpora of code and natural language descriptions, which tend to be small and constrained to specific domains. In this work we introduce a large and diverse parallel corpus of a hundred thousands Python functions with their documentation strings (“docstrings”) generated by scraping open source repositories on GitHub. We describe baseline results for the code documentation and code generation tasks obtained by neural machine translation. We also experiment with data augmentation techniques to further increase the amount of training data. We release our datasets and processing scripts in order to stimulate research in these areas.
Prognostic significance of MiR-34a in solid tumors: a systemic review and meta-analysis with 4030 patients.

PURPOSE The aim of the present meta-analysis and systematic review was to explore the association between the expression of miR-34a and prognosis in solid tumor. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and NCBI databases were used to search studies to evaluate the effect of miR-34a expression on clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and event-free survival (EFS) in solid tumor. The pooled random effect models were performed to calculate pooled hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the association. RESULTS Twenty-three eligible studies with 4030 patients were included in this meta-analysis. It was confirmed that increased expression of miR-34a was in relevant with better DFS/RFS/PFS/EFS, which was identified with both univariate and multivariate models (univariate model: HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.92, P = 0.019; multivariate model: HR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34-0.88, P = 0.013). Furthermore, in the analysis of relationship between miR-34a and DFS/RFS/PFS/EFS, the results remained similar when excluding the studies contributed to the heterogeneity (univariate analysis: HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.46-0.70, P < 0.001; multivariate analysis: HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.43-0.75, P < 0.001). With univariate analysis, it was also demonstrated that miR-34a overexpression might be positively associated with a favorable OS in solid tumor (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-1.00, P = 0.005) with considering an obvious heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Our current study supports the notion that miR-34a may be a potential biomarker to predict OS and RFS/PFS/DFS/EFS in solid tumor.