Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypotonie in der Schwangerschaft: Krankheitswert, Differentialdiagnose, Konsequenzen*

In der Ze it vom 1. 1. bis 3 1.12. 1979 wurden an der Ab teilung für Geburtsmedizin des Krank enh auses Berlin-Neukölln unter 2582 Einlings-Schäde llagen-Ge burte n 289 = 11,1% Patien tinnen mit einem maximalen RR.t. · Wert von ~ 1 1 0 mmHg bis zur Woche 28/0 registnert. Dieses als Hypoton ie-Gr uppe (H-G ruppe) bezeichnete Kollekt iv wurd e in einer altern iere nden Reihe einem ent sp rechend großen Kollektiv von 289 normotonen Schwangeren {NcKolle ktiv] gegenübergeste llt mit dem Z iel, G efährdungshinweise im Verlauf de r Schwangerschaft, der Geburt und des Wochenbettes zu erkennen und statistisch abzusichern. Es zeigte sich. daß Patientinnen der H·Gr uppe im Vergleich zur N·Gr uppe 1. signif ika nt häufiger. und zwar überwiegend wegen drohender Frühgeburt und Hypotrophieverdachts. sta tionär behandelt werden mußten. 2. daß in der l-l-G ruppe unter der Geburt signifikant häufiger Zeichen einer intrau teri nen feta len G efährdun g (CfG, pH-Wene) auftraten , 3. daß in der H-Gr uppe signifikant häuf iger eine operative Geburtsbeendigung erforderlich war, 4. pos t par turn die Kinder de r H-G ruppe einen signifikant schlechteren Zustand aufwiesen und die perinatale M ortalit ät signifikant erhöht war. 5. in de r H·Gru ppe signifi kant mehr untergewichtige prämature und hypotroph e Kinder geboren wurden. Aufgru nd der Erge bnisse , die eindrucksvoll bestäugen. daß die Hypotonie in graviditate eine ernstzunehmende Komplikation darstellt. werden anhand eines Klassifizierungsschemas therapeuti sche Konsequenzen diskut iert. ziert. findet die Hypoton ie in der Schwan gerscha ft bisher weni g Beachtung. Dies geht schon daraus hervor. daß es zwar weltweit eine einheitlich obere Grenze für Blutdruckwerte in der Schwangersch aft gibt. die Abgrenzung des Normalberei ches zur pat hologischen Hypotension jedoch weilgehend unein heitlich ist. Im Kreislaufsystem ist de r schwangere Uterus funk tionell als peri pheres Organ anzusehen. d. h. daß er keine Aut ore gulation der Blutversorgung besitzt. Im Ge gensatz zu zentralen Organen wie Niere und Gehirn führt e ine Senkung des mütt er liche n arteriellen Mitteldruckes auch bei kon sta ntem Blutvolumen und gleichbleibender Herzfrequenz zu einer überproportionalen Reduktion der uteroplazentaren Perfusion (7. 13). Die Einschränkung der Plazentadurchblutung ist aber nicht nur dureh den herabgesetzte n Perfusionsdruck bedingt, sondern zusätzlich durch einen reflek torischen Anstieg des uterinen Ge fäßwiderstandes (2). Da die Effizienz des matemo-Ietalen Ga sausta usches vor allem von der plazent aren Durchblutung abhängt. kann bei jeder Form der Hypotonie eine von der Dauer und de m Gr ad der hypotensiven Stö rung abhängige Minderversorgung des Fet en result ier en. Als Ausdruck desse n fande n Rim bach und Heiligenstein ( 14) , Kirchhoff ( 11), Gr ünherger u. Mitarb . (9) , daß eine Schwangerschaftshypo tonie vermehrt mit Früh und Mangelgeburt en und sub partu mit höherer Komplikationsrat e sowie einer gesteigerten Frequenz operatb.er Entbindungen einhergeht. Browne (5) konn te nachweise n, daß die kindliche
A novel executive function battery for preschoolers: Sensitivity to age differences

The present study investigated sensitivity to age differences in a novel executive function (EF) battery for children aged 18 months to 5 years, and whether the pattern of associations among the measures was consistent with a hierarchical model of EF development. Participants (n = 261, aged 18–67 months) were administered a battery of novel tasks designed to assess 3 key EF components (working memory, inhibition, and shifting). The results indicate that the EF tasks were sensitive to age differences and provide partial support for the hierarchical model of EF development.
Everyday executive function in standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors

We aimed to evaluate parent-rated executive function (EF) in pediatric standard risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (SR-ALL) survivors compared to a healthy comparison (HC) group. We hypothesized that SR-ALL survivors would have greater reported executive dysfunction compared to HC, and that those younger at the time of treatment would demonstrate greater EF difficulties. A sample of 256 SR-ALL survivors evaluated an average nine years after treatment were compared to HC matched for gender, assessment age, and maternal education. Profile analysis was used to compare the groups across EF scales on the BRIEF. The prevalence of clinical elevations in the groups was compared via chi square, and odds ratios were calculated. Regression models were applied to examine the role of age at diagnosis and age at assessment in reported EF. Results indicated that SR-ALL survivors’ mean scores of EF are similar to HC, except for flexibility and initiation. Survivors were rated as having clinical impairments with flexibility, initiation, working memory, and emotional control at rates two to three times that of HC. The risk of working memory and self-monitoring deficits was greater in survivors who were older when assessed. There was no relationship between age at diagnosis or treatment regimen on EF. These findings suggest sparing of extensive and severe EF deficits in SR-ALL survivors overall. However, a subset of survivors displays clinically significant executive dysfunction. There appears to be a heightened susceptibility to disrupted metacognitive functions as survivors age. This has implications for how we monitor neurocognitive development and functioning of SR-ALL survivors, and highlights opportunities for cognitive interventions.
A cross-cultural investigation of inhibitory control, generative fluency, and anxiety symptoms in Romanian and Russian preschoolers

The current study focused on the early development of inhibitory control in 5- to 7-year-old children attending kindergarten in two Eastern-European countries, Romania and Russia. These two countries share many aspects of child-rearing and educational practices, previously documented to influence the development of inhibitory control. Using the Lurian-based developmental approach offered by the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment battery, the study aimed to contribute to cross-cultural developmental neuropsychology by exploring (a) early interrelationships between subcomponents of inhibitory control (response suppression and attention control) and generative fluency (verbal and figural) in these two cultures, as well as (b) the predictive value of external factors (culture and maternal education) and individual differences (age, gender, nonverbal intelligence, trait anxiety) on inhibitory control and fluency outcomes in children from both countries. First, findings in both culture samples suggest that even at this young age, the construct of inhibitory control cannot be considered a unitary entity. Second, differences in maternal education were not predictive of either inhibitory control or fluency scores. However, children’s attention control performance varied as a function of culture, and the direction of these cultural effects differed by whether the target outcome involved performance accuracy versus efficiency as an output. Findings also confirmed the previously documented intensive developmental improvement in preschoolers’ inhibitory control during this period, influencing measures of response suppression and particularly attention control. Finally, the results further stress the importance of individual differences effects in trait anxiety on attention control efficiency across cultures.
Emerging risks in out‐of‐hours primary care services

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of recent changes to out‐of‐hours primary care services.Design/methodology/approach – The changes to out‐of‐hours primary care services since the introduction of the new GP contract in 2004 are considered. A recent survey of out‐of‐hours providers helps to give a view of how these organisations have diversified. An analysis of recent claims and complaints handled by the Medical Protection Society highlights the risks of this new approach.Findings – There have been significant changes in the way that out‐of‐hours care is delivered and this has led to a number of emerging risks. In particular, problems with communication skills are the most frequently occurring factor in out‐of‐hours incidents.Practical implications – Quality standards currently focus on working practices, rather than soft skills such as communication. Training for out‐of‐hours providers in these skills is essential, particularly where children are concerned.Originality/value – T.
Development and characterization of microsatellites markers from the macaw

Macaw (Acrocomia aculeata) is a native palm tree from tropical forests, highly abundant in Brazil and cited as one of the principal sources of plant oil, thus presenting a high potential for biodiesel production. We have optimized and utilized a set of eight polymorphic microsatellite markers for A. aculeata from an enriched genomic library. Automatic sequencing and fluorescence detection were employed to analyse 43 individuals from natural populations. In this study, we have obtained an average number of five alleles per locus. These loci will be employed in future studies of population genetics by providing subsidy information for the species conservation and genetic breeding.
Development of executive functioning in school-age Tunisian children

Research regarding executive functioning (EF) in children rarely focuses on populations in African or Middle-Eastern Arabic-speaking countries. The current study used a cross-sectional design to examine the developmental trajectories of school-age Tunisian children in three domains of executive control (inhibition of prepotent responses, cognitive flexibility, and working memory) as well as their mutual interactions and the effects of gender and parents’ education level. Inhibitory processes, cognitive flexibility, and working memory were assessed using the Stroop test, a version of the Hayling test adapted for children, simple and alternating tasks of verbal fluency, and verbal and visuospatial span tasks (forward and backward spans). The study population included 120 7- to 12-year-old Tunisian children (60 girls, 60 boys) who were grouped and matched for age, gender, and parents’ education level. The results revealed an overall effect of age on executive performance, whereas gender and parents’ education level showed non-significant effects. In addition, executive indices were significantly associated with fluid intelligence level. Partial correlation analyses (controlled for age) found significant links between indices that assessed the same executive process, except for inhibitory processes; the temporal indices for inhibitory processes showed relative independence. The correlations between indices that assessed distinct executive processes were weaker (but significant). Overall, the results suggest that executive components in school-age Tunisian children operate according to relatively homogeneous developmental trajectories, marked by peaks of maturity that differ according to the assessed index. A transcultural approach to EF is discussed in terms of the unity and diversity of its components.
Poorer divided attention in children born very preterm can be explained by difficulty with each component task, not the executive requirement to dual-task

ABSTRACT Children born very preterm (VP, ≤ 32 weeks) exhibit poor performance on tasks of executive functioning. However, it is largely unknown whether this reflects the cumulative impact of non-executive deficits or a separable impairment in executive-level abilities. A dual-task paradigm was used in the current study to differentiate the executive processes involved in performing two simple attention tasks simultaneously. The executive-level contribution to performance was indexed by the within-subject cost incurred to single-task performance under dual-task conditions, termed dual-task cost. The participants included 77 VP children (mean age: 7.17 years) and 74 peer controls (mean age: 7.16 years) who completed Sky Search (selective attention), Score (sustained attention) and Sky Search DT (divided attention) from the Test of Everyday Attention for Children. The divided-attention task requires the simultaneous performance of the selective- and sustained-attention tasks. The VP group exhibited poorer performance on the selective- and divided-attention tasks, and showed a strong trend toward poorer performance on the sustained-attention task. However, there were no significant group differences in dual-task cost. These results suggest a cumulative impact of vulnerable lower-level cognitive processes on dual-tasking or divided attention in VP children, and fail to support the hypothesis that VP children show a separable impairment in executive-level abilities.
Highly polymorphic microsatellite loci in the rice‐ and maize‐infecting fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 1 IA

Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from the rice‐ and maize‐infecting Basidiomycete fungus Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group AG‐1 IA. All loci were polymorphic in two populations from Louisiana in USA and Venezuela. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from four to eight. All 10 loci were also useful for genotyping soybean‐infecting R. solani AG‐1 isolates from Brazil and USA. One locus, TC06, amplified across two other AG groups representing different species, showing species‐specific repeat length polymorphism. This marker suite will be used to determine the global population structure of this important pathogenic fungus.
Risky decision-making in children with and without ADHD: A prospective study

ABSTRACT Learning from past decisions can enhance successful decision-making. It is unclear whether difficulties in learning from experience may contribute to risky decision-making, which may be altered among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study follows 192 children with and without ADHD aged 5 to 10 years for approximately 2.5 years and examines their risky decision-making using the Balloon Emotional Learning Task (BELT), a computerized assessment of sequential risky decision-making in which participants pump up a series of virtual balloons for points. The BELT contains three task conditions: one with a variable explosion point, one with a stable and early explosion point, and one with a stable and late explosion point. These conditions may be learned via experience on the task. Contrary to expectations, ADHD status was not found to be related to greater risk-taking on the BELT, and among younger children ADHD status is in fact associated with reduced risk-taking. In addition, the typically-developing children without ADHD showed significant learning-related gains on both stable task conditions. However, the children with ADHD demonstrated learning on the condition with a stable and early explosion point, but not on the condition with the stable and late explosion point, in which more pumps are required before learning when the balloon will explode. Learning during decision-making may be more difficult for children with ADHD. Because adapting to changing environmental demands requires the use of feedback to guide future behavior, negative outcomes associated with childhood ADHD may partially reflect difficulties in learning from experience.
Options of androgen treatment in the aging male

It is now well documented that bioavailable androgen levels fall with aging. Results of the first studies investigating (Side-) effects of androgen administration to aging men are encouraging. The introduction of designer estrogens as a treatment modality in hormone replacement in women has invited consideration of the concept of compounds with selective androgenic effects for male hormone replacement therapy in general. The full spectrum of the actions of testosterone may not be necessary or even undesired for androgen treatment of the aging male. To define those indications for which certain androgenic properties are desired and undesired, more insight into basic androgen (patho)physiology is required. There is convincing evidence that aromatization of androgenic compounds to estrogens might be an advantage for maintenance of bone mass, and might also mitigate negative effects of androgens on biochemical parameters of cardiovascular risks.The psychotropic effects of androgens may also require aromatizat.
Human Papillomavirus Infection and p16INK4a Protein Expression in Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is defined histopathologically by distinctive abnormalities of cellular maturation and differentiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional properties of VIN related to expression of p16INK4a protein as well as to detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Methods. A total of 49 vulvar biopsy samples were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining from benign/reactive lesions, condyloma acuminatum, VIN, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). JC8 mouse monoclonal antibodies were used that recognize p16INK4a epitope at a dilution of 1:25. The reaction pattern for p16INK4a was graded in each sample between 0 and 3+. RT-PCR analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections determined positivity for HPV type 16. Results. p16INK4a immunoreactivity was different in VIN 1, VIN 2, VIN 3, and squamous cell carcinoma. Strong expression of p16INK4a protein was observed in 92% (22 of 24) of VIN 2 and VIN 3 lesions and 100% (4 of 4) of invasive SCCs. Two (67%) of 3 VIN 2 lesions, 17 (81%) of 21 VIN 3 lesions, and 4 (100%) of 4 SCCs were positive for HPV type 16 by PCR analysis. Two (20%) of 10 VIN 1 lesions were immunoreactive for p16INK4a, with only 1 lesion positive for HPV type 16. No p16INK4a immunoreactivity was observed in any of the benign/reactive and condyloma acuminatum lesions. In addition, none of the benign/reactive or condyloma lesions were positive for HPV type 16 by RT-PCR analysis. Conclusions. Upregulation of INK4a gene occurs in vulvar carcinogenesis. p16INK4a is not a sensitive marker for differentiation of benign vulvar squamous epithelium from condyloma acuminatum or VIN 1 lesions because most VIN 1 lesions are p16INK4a negative. Expression of p16INK4a may aid in the diagnosis of HPV-related lesions and as such may be of value as a surrogate marker in the diagnosis of vulvar premalignant and malignant lesions.
The role of reactive oxygen species in obesity therapeutics

Obesity is a major risk factor for multiple severe health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. It is often related to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality and, as it can be accompanied by non-fatal health problems, quality of life is seriously reduced due to related conditions including hypertension, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, respiratory problems and infertility. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress is related to obesity and its complications. In obese patients, there is an increase in levels of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species and antioxidant defenses are undermined in comparison to normal-weight counterparts. In addition, these parameters inversely correlate with central adiposity. In this review, the authors discuss current concepts concerning the relationship between obesity and oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment. Potential interventions to improve redox balance are also explored.
Impact of shear stimulus, risk factor burden and early atherosclerosis on the time-course of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation

Objectives Our aim was to analyze flow-mediated dilation (FMD) time-course in response to forearm occlusion in the clinical setting. Methods and results In 50 asymptomatic subjects, monitoring software measuring continuous beat-to-beat change in brachial artery diameter was used to determine FMD magnitude in percentage change in peak diameter from baseline (FMD-ΔD), time to peak diameter after occlusion release (FMD-tpeak), integrated FMD response calculated as area under dilation curve (FMD-AUC), maximum FMD rate calculated as maximal slope of dilation (FMD-MDR). FMD-ΔD and FMD-MDR correlated positively with peak wall shear stress (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). FMD-MDR correlated negatively with age (P < 0.001), Framingham risk score (P < 0.01) and carotid intima–media thickness (P < 0.05), while FMD-ΔD correlated negatively with Framingham risk score only (P < 0.01). After adjustment, all these correlations were independent of antihypertensive, lipid-lowering and antidiabetic therapies. All but that of FMD-MDR with intima–media thickness were also found in a subgroup of 29 untreated subjects and in a subgroup of 24 untreated and low-risk (FRS < 10%) subjects. FMD-tpeak and FMD-AUC were not associated with shear stimulus, Framingham risk score, and intima–media thickness. Conclusion The kinetics of dilation (maximum rate) seem more sensitive than their magnitude in assessing FMD performance and its determinants.
Evidence for improved control of hypertension in Taiwan: 1993–2002

Objective This study reports the prevalence of hypertension, proportions of awareness, treatment, and control in the 2002 Taiwanese Survey on Hypertension, Hyperglycemia, and Hyperlipidemia (TwSHHH), and compared the changes of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in two recent nationwide surveys. Methods TwSHHH is the second nationwide survey designed to assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. The TwSHHH survey applied a multistage, stratified, and random sampling during 2002 with a total of 7566 participants. Among them, 3088 male and 3391 female participants were 19 years old and over and were selected from households throughout Taiwan. The data of Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT), the first nationwide survey to assess disease and nutrition status during 1993–1996, was also applied to compare changes of the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension between the two surveys. Results Compared with the NAHSIT, the prevalence of hypertension on TwSHHH decreased significantly in female adults, between 1993–1996 and 2002. In both males and females of all age groups, the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension significantly and substantially improved between NAHSIT and TwSHHH. These results also correlated in time with the implementation of National Health Insurance since 1995. The favorable changes in education and availability of care may account for improved control of hypertension and, possibly, its prevention. Conclusions There was a significant improvement of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the TwSHHH survey compared with the NAHSIT survey in Taiwan.