Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infected pregnant women on perinatal and early infant mortality.

Background: Although the prevalence of pneumonia in pregnancy is reported to be less than 1%, the pregnant state and risk factors associated with the development of pneumonia adversely influence the outcome of pregnancy. KwaZulu-Natal is at the epicenter of the dual epidemics of tuberculosis and HIV-1 and the impact of these diseases occurring concurrently in pregnant women at King Edward VIII hospital (KEH), South Africa have been described previously. The impact of antenatal pneumonia in HIV1 infected and uninfected women however has not been described in the study population and was investigated. Methods: Pregnant women with clinical and radiological evidence of pneumonia were recruited from the antenatal clinic and labour ward at KEH. The study was conducted prospectively between January and December 2000. The clinical profile of these women and the causative organisms were determined. In addition the impact of HIV1 infection, maternal immunosuppression and maternal pneumonia on obstetric and perinatal outcomes were evaluated. Mothers diagnosed with tuberculosis and multi drug resistant tuberculosis were hospitalised at King George V hospital until delivery. Results: Twenty nine women were diagnosed with antenatal pneumonia (study arm) with Mycobacterium tuberculosis the only causative organism isolated. A control arm of 112 pregnant women was also studied. Maternal and perinatal mortality was restricted to the study arm with a maternal mortality ratio of 99 per 100 000 live births and a perinatal mortality rate of 240 per 1000 births. Pneumonia was significantly associated with a negative overall obstetric outcome in the presence of HIVl infection, antenatal care, anaemia and second trimester booking status. In addition, the presence of pneumonia was significantly associated with maternal mortality. There was a highly significant association between exposure to pneumonia and poor neonatal outcome. Maternal pneumonia, maternal HIV infection and the presence of medical and obstetric conditions were significantly associated with low birth weight and neonatal pneumonia. Further, maternal pneumonia (p <0.001) and concurrent HIV infection (p=0.002) was significantly associated with neonatal death. Conclusion: The presence of pneumonia in the antenatal period impacts negatively on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Health care providers must maintain a high degree of suspicion when managing a pregnant woman with unresolving upper respiratory tract symptoms and refer timeously for further investigation. Pneumonia and in particular pulmonary tuberculosis associated with HIV coinfection in pregnancy is a threat to mother and baby. Therefore in areas endemic for TB and HIV infection, it may be prudent to screen HIV positive pregnant women for symptoms
Queue detection using computer image processing

The use of a computer to monitor camera images and draw an operators attention to a particular scene when an abnormality in traffic behaviour is detected would have considerable utility. The aim of this research is to develop an algorithm whereby some description, albeit qualitative, of the current traffic state over the image could be obtained directly from image data. An analysis of the effect of camera position has been carried out to determine over what range such a system could be expected to work and to offer some guidance as to the best camera position. >
Biological potency evaluation and characterization of rhG-CSF in pharmaceutical products

The identification of rhG-CSF was carried out in pharmaceutical preparations by non-reducing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting with specific antibodies, showing a single band in the 19 kDa region. The potency was assessed by the neutropenia mouse bioassay giving values between 88.4 and 122.4% of the stated potency. The precision index expressed by weight was between 141 and 432 for the independent assays. Batch-to-batch, the samples met the requirements for the safety test and bacterial endotoxins test. The biological and immunological results showed the quality of the products in clinical use and the specifications established contribute to assuring the safety and efficacy of biological medicines.
Pointes ou outils triangulaires? Données fonctionnelles dans le Moustérien Levantin. Commentaires. Réponse de l'auteur

Le Mousterien du Proche-Orient est caracterise par un large developpement d'industries de debitage Levallois, axees majoritairement sur la production d'elements triangulaires (pointes Levallois, eclats triangulaires et subtriangulaires), resultant le plus souvent d'une modalite d'exploitation unipolaire convergente. Parmi les outils identifies dans ces industries, les premieres analyses traceologiques avaient mis l'accent sur la presence de pointes de projectiles. Des travaux recents conduisent cependant a nuancer sensiblement la definition fonctionnelle des ensembles consideres, tant sur les criteres de reconnaissance des armatures que sur leur frequence au sein des outillages. La diversite des modes de fonctionnement des produits triangulaires observee dans differents contextes archeologiques levantins souligne, en fait, l'heterogeneite de cette classe d'objets qui ne peut etre vue comme la reponse a une seule categorie de besoins.
The district health system

Extracted from text . Peter Barroni and Bennett Asiaii iInitiative for SubDistrict Support, Health Systems Trust iiChief Directorate: District Health Systems, Department of Health The District Health System The District Health System (DHS) is the vehicle through which the delivery of Primary Health Care will take place. As Primary Health Care is the foundation of the health system it is critical for the overall functioning of the system that there is a wellfunctioning DHS in place. During 2001 the concept of the District Health System (DHS) became more entrenched with a number of crucial milestones being reached: _ the formal .
Needs, demands and reality of people with neuromuscular disorders users of wheelchair

Background: The progressive nature of neuromuscular disease (NMD) results in a reduction in mobility: a person’s ability to move about, or locomotion. Wheelchair is an assistive technology device (AT) that is fundamental to provide a greater degree of independence in mobility to those affected by an NMD, and its use is mediated by factors related to context, activity, and degree of participation. Purpose: To provide an overview of the profile of participants (persons with neuromuscular disorder user of wheelchair) i. To determine the characteristics of wheelchair used by participants ii. To determine the impact of wheelchair in life of people with NMD. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, with a transversal design was employed. Sample was formed by 36 men and 24 women with Neuromuscular Disease (NMD), user of wheelchair, and their caregiver. To obtain information about activities, participation and contextual factors, an original questionnaire was employed, and to evaluate the impact of wheelchair the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale (PIADS) was applied. Results: The results show that, in general, psychosocial impact associated to wheelchair use is positive, with the type of wheelchair, correct matching between AT-person and mobility independence as the main determinants. Conclusion: Knowledge of how the wheelchair is incorporated into a user’s daily life will help him/her to reach his/her objectives and expectations, and to establish the social and personal benefits derived from its use. Independence in personal mobility is the main factor determining a positive impact on the quality of life associated with wheelchair use.
Helping Battered Women : New Perspectives and Remedies

Helping Battered Women provides an overview of programs and policies for helping battered women. It covers a wide range of possible responses and interventions by police, doctors, social workers, and psychiatrists, and includes chapters on hotlines, women's shelters, support groups, victim advocacy services, emergency and mental health interventions, and legal remedies.
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis commonly complicates treated pulmonary tuberculosis with residual cavitation

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) complicates treated pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), with high 5-year mortality. We measured CPA prevalence in this group. 398 Ugandans with treated pulmonary TB underwent clinical assessment, chest radiography and Aspergillus-specific IgG measurement. 285 were resurveyed 2 years later, including computed tomography of the thorax in 73 with suspected CPA. CPA was diagnosed in patients without active TB who had raised Aspergillus-specific IgG, radiological features of CPA and chronic cough or haemoptysis. Author-defined CPA was present in 14 (4.9%, 95% CI 2.8–7.9%) resurvey patients. CPA was significantly more common in those with chest radiography cavitation (26% versus 0.8%; p<0.001), but possibly less frequent in HIV co-infected patients (3% versus 6.7%; p=0.177). The annual rate of new CPA development between surveys was 6.5% in those with chest radiography cavitation and 0.2% in those without (p<0.001). Absence of cavitation and pleural thickening on chest radiography had 100% negative predictive value for CPA. The combination of raised Aspergillus-specific IgG, chronic cough or haemoptysis and chest radiography cavitation had 85.7% sensitivity and 99.6% specificity for CPA diagnosis. CPA commonly complicates treated pulmonary TB with residual chest radiography cavitation. Chest radiography alone can exclude CPA. Addition of serology can diagnose CPA with reasonable accuracy. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis complicates tuberculosis frequently enough to represent a global public health issue http://ow.ly/sYRO30nhg8t
Reinfusion of Succus Entericus Into the Mucous Fistula Decreases Dependence on Parenteral Nutrition in Neonates

Background. Neonates who undergo surgery and have an ostomy with a creation of a mucous fistula are at nutritional risk, especially if the ostomy placement is proximal and the remaining bowel is not being used. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is used to maintain the neonatal nutritional status, but long-term use is associated with increased morbidities. The concept of reinfusing succus entericus into the mucous fistula to decrease the neonate’s dependence on TPN has been limited to case reports. Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study documenting the effectiveness of reinfusing succus entericus into the mucous fistula for neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The authors’ primary hypothesis was that neonates who had succus entericus reinfused into the mucous fistula had decreased dependence on TPN. Results. Of the premature infants receiving mucous fistula feedings, 65% had TPN discontinued, whereas 67% of the term infants had TPN discontinued. The type of ostomy affected th.
Legal Problems in Emergency Medicine

Part 1: Practical problems. 1: Avoiding trouble. 2: Department discipline. 3: Obtaining consent. 4: Special patients with special problems. 5: Officialdom. 6: Local difficulties. 7: Writing reports. 8: Going to court. Part 2: Reference section. 9: The system. 10: Consent. 11: Medical negligence and vicarious liability. 12: Confidentiality. 13: Police powers. 14: Controlled drugs. 15: Mental health law. Index
The use of antibiotics at two paediatric wards at

4 BACKGROUND 6 SPECIFIC AIMS 10 METHODS 10 SETTING 10 STUDY POPULATION 11 STUDY DESIGN 11 STUDY PROTOCOL 12 STATISTICAL METHODS 13 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 13 RESULTS 14 BASIC DATA 14 MEDICAL HISTORY 15 CATHETER OR SURGICAL PROCEDURE? 15 CURRENT ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT 16 CHOICE OF TREATMENT IN CERTAIN CONDITIONS 19 DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP 20 ANTIBIOTICS PRIOR TO ADMISSION 23 DISCUSSION 26 STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES 30 CONCLUSIONS 31 POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING 32 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 33 REFERENCES 34 APPENDIX 1 – STUDY PROTOCOL 36 APPENDIX II -­‐ EXPLANATION OF STUDY PROTOCOL 38
Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Family Support Program

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was important problem and leading cause of admission in Lampang Hospital. The COPD patients usually experience dyspnea, exacerbation and limitation of activities. Pulmonary rehabilitation is an intervention to improve the symptoms and quality of life. Objective: To examine the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation and family support program for decreasing dyspnea symptom and improving quality of life among COPD patients. Material and method: The quasi-experimental study, one group pre and post-test design, was conducted at COPD clinic of Lampang Hospital between September 2006 and May 2007. Thirty outpatients, 18 men and 12 women, aged between 54-79 years old. The severity of disease were level 3 and 4. The patients participated the pulmonary rehabilitation and family support program 4 times in 8 weeks. The dyspnea visual analogue scale (DVAS) and quality of life (QOL) index scores were assessed before and after the program. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and pair t-test. One year after finishing program, the number of hospital admission or emergency room attention were recorded and compared with the previous record. Results: After finishing pulmonary rehabilitation and family support program, the DVAS and QOL index score were significantly improved (p=0.001). One year following program, 76.67% of the patients lessened frequency of emergency room attention and 46.67% minimized the hospitalization due to severe exacerbation comparing with the previous period before starting the program. Conclusion: The author’s pulmonary rehabilitation and family support program could significantly improve dyspnea symptom and QOL in high-severity COPD patients. This program should be implemented and followed continuously to maintain its results.
HunPos: an open source trigram tagger

In the world of non-proprietary NLP software the standard, and perhaps the best, HMM-based POS tagger is TnT (Brants, 2000). We argue here that some of the criticism aimed at HMM performance on languages with rich morphology should more properly be directed at TnT's peculiar license, free but not open source, since it is those details of the implementation which are hidden from the user that hold the key for improved POS tagging across a wider variety of languages. We present HunPos, a free and open source (LGPL-licensed) alternative, which can be tuned by the user to fully utilize the potential of HMM architectures, offering performance comparable to more complex models, but preserving the ease and speed of the training and tagging process.
The effect of imperfect cues on the reception of cued speech

Manual Cued Speech (MCS) is a supplement to speechreading that reduces lipreading errors by reducing the ambiguity of lip shapes. The effects of cues on the reception of Cued Speech were studied to determine the feasibility of building a real-time automatic cueing system that would employ a phonetic speech recognizer. Synthetic cues based on the groups of MCS were superimposed on prerecorded sentences and simulated phone errors consisting of substitutions, deletions and insertions were introduced at rates similar to those of current ASRs. The effect of delayed cue presentation was also explored. The synthetic cues were discrete and presented at a slightly faster rate than MCS. Five deaf, experienced cue receivers were tested on their ability to speechread key words in sentences under 12 synthetic cue conditions. Results were compared with their scores on SA and MCS. Although scores on the perfect synthetic cues (PSC) condition did not quite attain the high scores obtained with MCS, differences between the two conditions were not statistically significant. Subjects seemed unaffected by the discrete nature of the cues and the faster presentation. Average scores for conditions with 10% and 20% phone error rates were 69% and 60% correct, respectively. The average score on the REAL condition, which contained sentences processed by an actual phonetic recognizer and a 21% phone error rate, was 70% correct. Subjects performed better on REAL because its key word error rate was low, probably due to phone errors occurring nonuniformly throughout the sentences. In contrast, the phone errors were uniformly dispersed in the 10% and 20% error conditions. Results on other conditions suggest that deletions affect subjects' abilities to speechread sentences more than insertions. In addition, cue presentation delays of more than 33msec greatly reduce speechreading scores. On all 12 synthetic cue conditions subjects achieved higher scores than with SA indicating that even erroneous cues would aid those who speechread. The results of this study, in conjunction with recent advances in phonetic speech recognizers, suggest that building a real-time automatic cueing system is feasible and would be beneficial to deaf cue receivers. Thesis Supervisor: Louis D. Braida Title: Henry E. Warren Professor of Electrical Engineering
On the Prediction of Personal Stature from Cranial Dimensions

Durante muchos anos, el foco de los investigadores, ha sido la relacion entre segmentos del cuerpo y la estatura. Los estudios se basan en el hecho que segmentos corporales presentan relaciones consistentes con respecto a la estatura y, estos ademas, se relacionan con la edad, genero y raza. Los caracteres raciales estan mejor definidos en el craneo. Por lo tanto, la prediccion de la estatura a traves de los restos del craneo es de vital importancia para determinar la identidad de un individuo. A pesar de su importancia, poco se sabe sobre las dimensiones del craneo de los individuos de Sri Lanka. Asi, fue disenado esste estudio para investigar estas relaciones y proponer un modelo de regresion lineal especifico, para sexo y edad, entre las dimensiones y la altura del craneo de un individuo. Se estudiaron 400 sujetos con un rango de edad de 20-23. La longitud del craneo, ancho y altura de la cabeza fueron medidos con un caliper digital deslizante y llave de Todd central, con precision de 0,01 mm. La altura del individuo fue tomada en posicion anatomica. Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas entre generos, en todas las dimensiones del craneo. Fueron observadas correlaciones positivas entre las dimensiones craneales. Se desarrollaron modelos de regresion lineal para la prediccion de la estatura de las dimensiones anteriores para ambos sexos. Las dimensiones craneales constituyen un medio preciso y fiable en la estimacion de la altura de un individuo. Las formulas de regresion obtenidos en este estudio seran de uso potencial en la clinica, medico-legales, y en estudios antropologicos y arqueologicos.
Déficience en vitamine B12 et état démentiel : étude épidémiologique multicentrique et thérapeutique. Essai préliminaire

Les hypovitaminemies B12 sont-elles cause ou consequence du syndrome dementiel d'origine degenerative presumee? Une etude multicentrique epidemiologique et therapeutique pour un petit nombre [11] de cas a tente de repondre a cette question. La proportion d'hypovitaminemie B12 est la meme sur plus d'un millier de cas evalues, que ce soit en institution type long sejour ou parmi les syndromes dementiels d'intensite moyenne (Mini Mental State compris entre Il et 24). Parmi les patients traites verum versus placebo, il n'existe pas de difference significative a la sous-echelle cognitive de l'ADAS. Il faudrait plus de 200 patients par groupe pour conclure. Faut-il donc remettre en cause le dosage systematique de la vitamine B12 chez les dements s'il n'existe pas d'orientation clinique ou hematologique vers une carence ? Peut-on esperer un diagnostic precoce en cette carence vitaminique ?
Early bilingual development of Turkish children in Berlin

L'A. presente les principaux resultats d'une etude longitudinale effectuee sur un groupe d'enfants d'âge prescolaire, bilingues (turc/allemand) et vivant a Berlin. Il souligne certains aspects du developpement du lexique, de la morphologie nominale et verbale, et de l'usage de ces structures dans le discours narratif et conversationnel
The Prevalence and Pattern of Skin Disorders at a University Teaching Hospital in Ile-Ife and Ilesha, Nigeria

ABSTR ACT BACKGROUND: The WHO recommends increased priority given to dermatoses in developing countries as they cause high morbidity and impacts quality of life. This study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of skin disorders in adults presenting to dermatologists at OAU Teaching Hospitals’ Complex (OAUTHC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study based on age, sex, and dermatological condition of new patients at OAUTHC Dermatology Clinics in Ile-Ife and Ilesha, Osun State, from October 2009 to September 2012. The results were compared with other geographical zones in Nigeria and Africa. RESULTS: A total of 1013 patients were studied, with ages 18–90 years, 55% were women. Prevailing dermatoses were dermatophytes (9.8%), acne (9.5%), pityriasis versicolor (4.6%), warts (3.8%), lichen planus (3.7%), and seborrheic eczema (3.6%). CONCLUSION: Dermatoses mostly presenting to dermatologists in Nigeria and Africa were skin infections and eczemas. Concerted effort need to be made to control these conditions.
Space changes after premature loss of the mandibular primary first molar: a longitudinal study.

: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the space changes after premature loss of the primary mandibular first molar. Twenty-one children (12 boys and 9 girls), with premature loss of the primary mandibular first molar, were selected from the children's dental clinic for this study. The age ranged from 5.1 to 7.2 years with an average of 6 years and 11 months. Mandibular study casts were made from alginate impression for each initial examination and a follow-up examination eight months later. Four measurements including D+E (first and second primary molars) space, arch width, arch length and arch perimeter were tested for comparisons between the initial examination and the follow-up examination eight months later. The D+E space of intact primary molars served as a control. The results showed that the D+E space on the extraction side after the follow-up examination eight months later was significantly shorter than the control side (p = 0.025) and less than the initial D+E space (p 0.05). It is concluded that the space change after the eruption of the first permanent molar in the mandible is mostly distal movement of the primary cuspid during the early stage of premature loss of the primary first molar.
Advances in the etiology of urothelial cancer.

: Cigarette smoking has been shown to be the most important known preventable cause of bladder cancer. Occupations have continued to come under suspicion, although many of the newer findings are tentative. Neither coffee drinking nor use of artificial sweeteners appears to have been responsible for much, if any, human bladder cancer.
Red Wine Polyphenols Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Through Two Distinct Signaling Pathways

Background— Red wine polyphenols (RWPs) have been shown to have an antiatherogenic activity mainly through antioxidative effects on LDL oxidation. Although vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration is critical to atherosclerosis formation, the effect of RWPs on SMC migration has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether RWPs could affect the migration of cultured SMCs stimulated by growth factors. Methods and Results— RWP concentration dependently inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB–induced and serum-induced SMC migration in wounding assay and Boyden chamber assay. However, these inhibitory effects of RWPs were not seen in serum-stimulated vascular endothelial cell migration in either assay. Moreover, specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3′ kinase (PI3K) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), but not of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), reduced PDGF-BB–induced SMC migration. To elucidate the signaling mechanism underlyin.