Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Czech spoken in Bohemia and Moravia

As a western Slavic language of the Indo-European family, Czech is closest to Slovak and Polish. It is spoken as a native language by nearly 10 million people in the Czech Republic (Czech Statistical Office n.d.). About two million people living abroad, mostly in the USA, Canada, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, and the UK, claim Czech heritage (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic 2009). However, it is not known how many of them are native speakers of Czech.
Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project I: Antarctica

Atmospheric, oceanic, and subglacial forcing scenarios from the Sea‐level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution (SeaRISE) project are applied to six three‐dimensional thermomechanical ice‐sheet models to assess Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity over a 500 year timescale and to inform future modeling and field studies. Results indicate (i) growth with warming, except within low‐latitude basins (where inland thickening is outpaced by marginal thinning); (ii) mass loss with enhanced sliding (with basins dominated by high driving stresses affected more than basins with low‐surface‐slope streaming ice); and (iii) mass loss with enhanced ice shelf melting (with changes in West Antarctica dominating the signal due to its marine setting and extensive ice shelves; cf. minimal impact in the Terre Adelie, George V, Oates, and Victoria Land region of East Antarctica). Ice loss due to dynamic changes associated with enhanced sliding and/or sub‐shelf melting exceeds the gain due to increased precipitation. Furthermore, differences in results between and within basins as well as the controlling impact of sub‐shelf melting on ice dynamics highlight the need for improved understanding of basal conditions, grounding‐zone processes, ocean‐ice interactions, and the numerical representation of all three.
MIGRATION AND SURVIVAL OF PARNASSIUS SMINTHEUS: DETECTING EFFECTS OF HABITAT FOR INDIVIDUAL BUTTERFLIES

We examined the migration and survival of the butterfly Parnassius smintheus in a heterogeneous landscape consisting of 21 habitat patches imbedded in a matrix of meadow and forest habitat. We modified an existing mark–release–recapture model to account for multiple habitat types and fit the model to data for 839 and 873 individuals in two separate years. Migration was infrequent with only 24 and 27 observed movements between patches in each year. Daily within-patch survival was moderate (>0.90) and did not vary greatly with patch isolation. Estimated mortality during migration was low, but increased markedly for isolated populations. Despite the limited data, the model showed that forest matrix habitat reduced migration distance to a greater degree than did meadow habitat, indicating that the effective isolation of populations depends on both the habitat type and the distance between populations. This result concurs with previous investigations of these data, demonstrating the utility of the model even w.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic detection and dual-phase computed tomographic angiography in a 5-year-old boxer with pancreatic insulinoma - case report

This case report describes the findings in a canine histopathologically confirmed pancreatic insulinoma using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and dual-phase computed tomographic angiography (CTA). The insulinoma was better demarcated in CEUS and CTA compared with conventional B-mode ultrasound. On the other hand, only one of two nodules visible in CTA was detected in CEUS. In this case, the insulinoma had an atypical non-contrast-enhancing appearance in both CEUS and CTA. Lack of enhancement in CEUS and CTA has previously been reported in human and canine studies, but this was the first report using both CEUS and CTA for detecting canine insulinoma.
POPULATION CYCLES IN SMALL MAMMALS: THE PROBLEM OF EXPLAINING THE LOW PHASE

Cycles characterize the demography of many populations of microtine rodents and snowshoe hares. A phase of low numbers often follows the decline and introduces a lag that lengthens the cycle. This low can last 1–3 yr in microtines and 2–4 yr in hares. Understanding the low phase is critical in explaining population cycles. Two major classes of hypotheses try to account for the low phase. The first proposes that something may be “wrong” with the extrinsic environment. The most promising of these extrinsic explanations is that predation, acting either directly or indirectly, has delayed density-dependent effects on prey populations during the low phase. The second class of hypotheses proposes that something may be “wrong” with the animals themselves. The most likely intrinsic factors are maternal effects or age effects on fitness during the low phase. Experimental tests for each of these sets of hypotheses are needed, and we suggest replicated experiments on focal species in two continents to resolve these .
On the suboptimality of iterative decoding for turbo-like and LDPC codes with cycles in their graph representation

In this paper, we focus on the suboptimality of iterative decoding on graphs with cycles, through examining the use of a reliability-based decoding algorithm for some concatenated codes with an interleaver, known as turbo-like codes. The a posteriori probabilities delivered by the iterative decoding are regarded as reliability information, and an efficient algorithm for the overall linear block code is applied at certain iterations. Simulation results show that the suboptimality of iterative decoding due to cycles can be at least partially compensated by this approach. Some insights about the potential additional coding gains achievable are investigated based on the characteristics of the constituent decoders. These characteristics are related to the nature of suboptimality in the overall iterative decoding. The effects of some code parameters and channel conditions on the behavior of iterative decoding are also studied for a better understanding of its suboptimality.
Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on blood glucose and performance in runners.

Ten trained male runners performed a treadmill exercise test at 80% VO2max under two experimental conditions, carbohydrate (CHO, 7% carbohydrate) and placebo (P), to determine the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on endurance performance (treadmill run time), blood glucose concentration, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Treatment order was randomized and counterbalanced and test solutions were administered double-blind. Ingestion took place 5 min preexercise (250 ml) and at 15-min intervals during exercise (125 ml). Performance was enhanced by 29.4% (p < 0.05) during CHO (115 +/- 25 min) compared to P (92 +/- 27 min). Blood glucose concentration was significantly greater during CHO (5.6 +/- 0.9 mM) relative to P (5.0 +/- 0.7 mM). There was a significant increase in mean RER following CHO ingestion (.94 +/- .01) compared to P (.90 +/- .01). Average RPE was significantly less during CHO (14.5 +/- 2.3) relative to P (15.4 +/- 2.4). These data suggest that time to exhaustion of high-intensity treadmill exercise is delayed as a result of carbohydrate ingestion and that this effect is mediated by favorable alterations in blood glucose concentration and substrate utilization.
Milk SCC and PMN as indicators of milk processability and subsequent cheese quality

This study investigated the effect of milk somatic cell count (SCC) and polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN, or neutrophil) content on the processability of milks from individual udder quarters. Two milk samples of high and low SCC (6x10 3 and 920x10 3 /ml, respectively) and two of high and low PMN content (<1x10 3 and 700x10 3 /ml, respectively) were selected. The milk samples were mixed in appropriate proportions such as to produce four artificial mixed milks of SCC or PMN content ~200x10 3 /ml and ~400x10 3 /ml. All milks were analysed for gross composition, renneting properties and N-fractions. Miniature Cheddar-type cheeses were manufactured and analysed for composition after 30 d and for proteolysis after 30 d and 90 d of ripening. Fat and protein contents of the milks generally decreased with increasing SCC and PMN and there was no effect on N-fractions in the milks or on total solids, moisture, NaCl content or pH of the cheeses. Increasing SCC and PMN had a negative effect on rennet coagulation of milk. Urea-PAGE electophoretograms indicated that the patterns of proteolysis changed quantitatively and qualitatively with increasing milk SCC and PMN during cheese ripening. High SCC and PMN milk resulted in reduced levels of residual intact αs1- and β-caseins, indicating cell-associated proteinase activity. In conclusion, milks with high SCC and PMN had inferior composition and processing characteristics.
XML wrapping attack mitigation using positional token

XML signature standard defined by IETF/W3C references or identifies signed elements by their unique identities specified by “id” attribute values in the given XML document. Hence, signed XML elements can be shifted from one location to another location in a XML document, and still, it does not have any effect on its ability to verify its signature. This flexibility paves the way for an attacker to tweak original XML message without getting noticed by the receiver. In this paper we propose the concept of “Positional Token” to overcome the attack on XML signatures and demonstrate the same.
SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DECEMBER 1975 THE HOUSEHOLD DEMAND FOR MAJOR DAIRY PRODUCTS IN THE SOUTHERN REGION*

Changing conditions in market organization and competitive nature of the United States dairy industry are signaling a different pricing system for milk and related products. Market conditions and demand patterns which led to adoption of the present pricing system no longer exist. The reservoir of manufacturing grade milk in Minnesota and Wisconsin is continually being depleted, as producers in that area either leave the business or shift to Grade "A" fluid outlets. A changing demand for milk and other dairy products has also contributed to the present need for a reconsideration of the milk pricing process. Per capita consumption of beverage milk has stabilized at about 292 pounds per year. There have been, however, substantial increases in the consumption rate for some manufactured products, especially cheese. Ironically, with somewhat stabilized increases in population growth, future expansion for the dairy industry may rest with the potential for increased consumption of those products traditionally serving as "residual claimants". As alternative pricing systems are considered, it is necessary to identify the current demand structure for specific dairy products. Consumption patterns and trends of major geographic regions are needed, as are estimated effects of variables such as income, household age/sex composition, educational level, race and other demo-graphic factors. The purpose of this paper is to present recent empirical evidence which facilitates identification of household demand structure for thirteen major dairy products in the U.S. South. Household panel data from the Market Research Corporation of America (MRCA) — made available by the United Dairy Industry Association (UDIA) — provide empirical observations needed for the study. Results obtained are summarized and compared to those from an earlier phase of the research which focused on aggregate U.S. demand for these same products. Since space precludes a complete discussion of all equations estimated, this paper's major emphasis is on comparing consumption and pricing patterns, estimated price and income responses and effects of selected demographic characteristics on quantities demanded. Results support the contention that dairy product consumption patterns in the U.S. South continue to be quite different from the U.S. average. The remainder of this paper is divided into four sections. The following one presents and discusses statistical models. That section is followed by a brief description of how data are organized to obtain parameter estimates for two statistical models. Results are the presented. Finally, conclusions regarding industry policy are discussed.
Studies of microvia filling mechanism and a novel Cu plating formula

Microvia filling by copper electroplating has been a key process for fabrication of high density interconnection (HDI) of advanced PCBs or IC substrates. Currently, conventional copper plating formulas used for the microvia filling typically contain at least two or three components, such as suppressor, accelerator, and leveler. A specific synergy between these additives leads to a bottom-up deposition of copper in the microvia, so that the microvia can be fully filled by the copper deposit without a void [1-6]. However, copper is also deposited simultaneously on the board surface during plating, when the conventional copper plating formula is employed. Consequently, a pattern with fine lines formed by an etching process is not easily obtained due to the thick copper film plated on the board surface. Therefore, we have developed a novel copper plating formula herein in order to achieve microvia filling without an increase in copper thickness on the board surface after the copper electroplating. In other words, this novel copper plating formula can offer a highly selective filling for microvia metallization, that is, the whole copper was exclusively deposited in the microvia. A comparison of cross-sections of copper filled microvias using two different plating formulas, one conventional and the other novel, is shown in this work. A basic cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis was carried out to explain the filling results. A simple mathematical simulation of current density distribution is also presented to explain the filling mechanism.
A 2.4 GHz gain-boosted CMOS amplifier using multibias points for improved linearization

A highly linear two stage CMOS amplifier using 130 nm technology is presented. A linearization technique is employed using multibias points through a combination of bulk bias control and floating bulk devices to achieve significant improvement of intercept points. Forward gain boosting is ensured by utilizing a cascode topology followed by a common source stage while maintaining a low ceiling for noise in the S band. Including a bias controlled feedback path between the stages further improves the architecture's expected gain compression. The final design reports 27.6 dB simulated power gain with third order input intercept of 9.92 dBm and noise figure of 1.22 dB at the center frequency. Input and output impedances have been matched with the help of passive appendages to ensure −24 dB input return loss and −27.5 dB output return loss, respectively. Optimized radio frequency parameters are achieved along with a linearity upgrade which is better than reported CMOS amplifiers.
eXpress : Guided Path Exploration for Regression Test Generation

Regression test generation aims at generating a test suite that can detect behavioral differences between the original and the new versions of a program. Regression test generation can be automated by using Dynamic Symbolic Execution (DSE), a state-of-the-art test generation technique. DSE explores all feasible paths in the program but exploration of all these paths can often be expensive. However, if our aim is to detect behavioral differences between two versions of a program, we do not need to explore all these paths in the program, since not all these paths are relevant for detecting behavioral differences. In this paper, we propose an approach on guided path exploration that avoids exploring irrelevant paths in terms of detecting behavioral differences. Hence, behavioral differences are more likely to be detected earlier in path exploration. In addition, our approach leverages the existing test suite (if available) for the original version to efficiently execute the changed regions of the program and infect program states. Experimental results on 67 versions (in total) of four programs show that our approach requires about 36% fewer amount of time (on average) to detect behavioral differences than exploration without using our approach. In addition, our approach detects 6 behavioral difference that could not be detected by exploration without using our approach (within a time bound). Furthermore, our approach requires 67% fewer amount of time to find behavioral differences by exploiting an existing test suite than exploration without using the test suite.
LincRNA-ROR promotes metastasis and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating miR-145/FSCN1

Background and objective In an attempt to discover a new biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the regulation mechanism of large intergenic non-coding RNA–regulator of reprogramming (lincRNA-ROR) as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge was studied. Patients and methods ROR expression in 91 pairs of ESCC tissue samples and matched adjacent tissues was quantified with real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The ROR–miRNA–mRNA regulatory network was built with 161 esophageal cancer (EC) tissues and 11 adjacent tumor tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A total of 96 cases of ESCC from TCGA database were collected for analysis on survival rates. The regulatory relationship between ROR, miR-145 and FSCN1 was verified in ESCC cells via qRT-PCR, dual luciferase reporter (DLR) assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and Western blotting. The transwell method was used to detect cell migration and invasion. Results ROR expression in ESCC tumor tissues was significantly higher than in the adjacent tissues, p<0.001. The survival rate of ESCC patients with high ROR expression levels was lower than that of patients with low ROR expression levels (p<0.001). ROR overexpression could downregulate miR-145 by up to 50% was proven by RIP, DLR assay, and qRT-PCR. Two effective binding sites of ROR to miR-145 were verified by DLR assay. One of the sites has never been cited in the literature. The Western blotting results showed that FSCN1 was a downstream target of ROR/miR-145 (p<0.05). Transwell assays were used to show that overexpression of ROR enhanced migration and invasion behavior of ESCC and miR-145 hindered these effects. Conclusion ROR acted as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-145 in ESCC. A novel, effective miR-145 binding site of ROR was discovered. The ROR/miR-145/FSCN1 pathway was shown to take part in the metastasis of ESCC. ROR is likely an oncogene biomarker for ESCC early diagnosis and prognosis.
Adoption Determinants of E-learning Management System in Institutions of Higher Learning in Kenya: A Case of Selected Universities in Nairobi Metropolitan

Researchers in educational technology have researched for factors to explain problems that hinder acceptance of e-learning management systems in institutions of higher learning. Based on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), the study examined the influence of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating condition on acceptance of E-learning Management System (EMS) in institutions of higher learning in Kenya. Descriptive research design and in particular cross-sectional design were employed in order to empirically investigate the extent to which problems influence adoption of E-learning Management System (EMS). A self-administered questionnaire, face-to-face interviews and observation were administered to a sample size of 600 that consisted of lecturers, students, administrators, and technical staff from at least five Universities within Nairobi Metropolitan. Analysis was done using descriptive as well as inferential statistics in order to draw inferences between the variables. The study found that use of EMS was a new technology as most of the respondents had an experience of less than 3 years. Also the study found that expected performance, enabling infrastructures, institutional policies, training support and leadership and ease of effort use influenced the adoption of EMS in institutions of higher learning.
Regulation of Gi and G,, by Mastoparan, Related Amphiphilic Peptides, and Hydrophobic Amines

Mastoparan (MP), a cationic, amphiphilic tetradecapeptide, stimuIates guanine nucleotide exchange by GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) in a manner similar to that of G protein-coupled receptors. 1) MP stimulated exchange by isolated G protein a subunits and @y trimers. Relative stimuIation was greater with aj3~ trimers and fly subunits could increase net MP-stimuIated activity. 2) MP action was enhanced by reconstitution of trimeric G protein into phospholipid vesicles. Hill coefficients for activation were 24. The membrane-bound a-helical conformation of MP appeared to be the activating species. 3) MP blocked the ability of G0 to increase the affinity of muscarinic receptors for agonist ligands, suggesting that MP and the receptor may compete for a common binding site on GO. 4) MP stimulated steady state GTPase activity at cl pM Mg*+ and stimulated the dissociation of both GDP and guanosine 5’-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) at <l nM Mg2+. Millimolar Mg2+ blocked the stimulatory effect of MP. Both high and low affinity Mg2+ binding sites are on the a subunit. 5) Increasing the amphiphilicity or hydrophobicity of MP enhanced its regulatory activity more than 2-fold and lowered the EC60 more than lo-fold. Several natural amphiphilic peptides also displayed modest stimulatory activity. 6) Benzalkonium chIoride competitively antagonized the stimulation of Gi by MP but potentIy stimulated nucleotide exchange on GO. Because cationic, amphiphilic sequences on the cytoplasmic faces of receptors are required for G protein regulation, these findings suggest that nucleotide exchange on G proteins is regulated by the presentation of multiple cationic structures on the inner face of the plasma membrane.
Misophonia: An Investigation of the Lesser-Known Decreased Sound Tolerance Condition

MISOPHONIA: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE LESSER-KNOWN DECREASED SOUND TOLERANCE CONDITION By: Shannon E. Cusack, B.A. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2017 Major Director: Scott R. Vrana, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Psychology and Psychiatry
Argentine Ant Affects Ant-Mimetic Arthropods: Does Argentine Ant Invasion Conserve Colouring Variation of Myrmecomorphic Jumping Spider?

Argentine ant invasion changed colour-polymorphic composition of ant-mimetic jumping spider Myrmarachne in southwestern Japan. In Argentine ant-free sites, most of Myrmarachne exhibited all-blackish colouration. In Argentine ant-infested sites, on the other hand, blackish morph decreased, and bicoloured (i.e. partly bright-coloured) morphs increased in dominance. Invasive Argentine ant drives away native blackish ants. Disappearance of blackish model ants supposedly led to malfunction of Batesian mimicry of Myrmarachne.
Construction of High-Performance Array-Based Non-Binary LDPC Codes With Moderate Rates

Based on arrays, excellent low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with high rates have been constructed. In this letter, we propose to construct high-performance nonbinary LDPC (NBLDPC) codes with moderate rates based on arrays. The proposed construction combines masking and column selection. First, we construct a masking matrix M based on asymptotic thresholds and certain error-prone substructures. Second, we generate a number of column selection sets (CSS) based on Golomb rulers. Based on M, we construct a parity-check matrix for each CSS. Third, we compute the cycle distribution of each parity-check matrix and select the one with the best cycle distribution as output. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed construction, error performances of several NBLDPC codes are presented. Comparisons with other codes are also carried out to show the advantages of our construction.