Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression in young people: Description, assessment and evidence-based treatment

Objective: The literature on depression in children and adolescents was reviewed to provide an update for clinicians. Review process: Literature of particular relevance to evidence-based practice was selected for critical review. Meta-analyses and controlled trials were prioritized for review along with key assessment instruments. Outcomes: An up-to-date overview of clinical features, epidemiology, prognosis, aetiology, assessment and intervention was provided. Conclusions: Depression in children and adolescence is a relatively common, multifactorially determined and recurring problem which often persists into adulthood. Psychometrically robust screening questionnaires and structured interviews facilitate reliable assessment. There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy, psychodynamic therapy, interpersonal therapy and family therapy in the treatment of paediatric depression. There is also evidence that SSRIs may be particularly effective for severe depression, although they may carry the risk of increased suicidality. Objetivo: Se revisó la literatura sobre la depresión en niños y en adolescentes con el propósito de brindar una actualización a los médicos. Proceso de la revisión: Se seleccionó la literatura que tuviera una relevancia particular en relación a la práctica basada en la evidencia para su revisión en forma crítica. Se dio prioridad a los Meta-análisis y a los estudios controlados en la revisión, junto a instrumentos claves de evaluación. Resultados: Se proporcionó una visión general actualizada de temas clínicos, de la epidemiología, del pronóstico, de la etiología, de la valoración y de la intervención. Conclusiones: La depresión en niños y en adolescentes es relativamente común, determinada multifactorialmente, siendo un problema recurrente que generalmente persiste hasta la edad adulta. La aplicación de cuestionarios de exámenes psicométricos y de entrevistas estructuradas facilita la realización de evaluaciones confiables. Existe evidencia creciente de la efectividad de la terapia de conducta cognitiva, de la terapia psicodinámica, de la terapia interpersonal y de la terapia familiar en el tratamiento de la depresión pediátrica. Existe también evidencia que SSRIs pueden ser particularmente efectivos para el manejo de la depresión severa, aunque existe el riesgo de aumentar la tendencia al suicidio.Palabras clave: Deopresión en la infancia
Oligoclonal Analysis of the Atopic T Cell Response to the Group 1 Allergen of Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda Grass) Pollen: Pre- and Post-Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy

Background: Bermuda grass pollen (BGP) is an increasingly important seasonal aeroallergen in Australia and other subtropical and temperate regions. BGP shares minimal allergenic cross-reactivity with pollens of rye grass or other Pooideae grasses often used for desensitization regimens in grass pollen allergy. Current allergen immunotherapy is seldom used in asthmatic patients due to IgE-mediated side effects. Since clinically effective immunotherapy is linked with altered allergen-specific T cell response, characterisation of human T cell reactivity to Cyn d 1, the major B cell allergen of BGP, should permit the design of effective and safe immunotherapy for BGP allergy. Methods: Short-term BGP-specific CD4+ T cell lines were established from peripheral blood of 14 BGP-sensitive patients before and after conventional 50% BGP and 50% 7-grass mix subcutaneous specific allergen immunotherapy (SIT). T cell diversity of antigen specificity and function was assessed by proliferation and cytokine production to BGP, Cyn d 1 and Cyn d 1 peptides. Results: Three highly immunogenic regions of Cyn d 1 were identified in 13/14 patients pre-SIT: Cyn d 1 (109–128), (181–209) and (217–241). The SIT regimen was clinically efficacious. Following SIT, decreased proliferation to BGP, Cyn d 1 and Cyn d 1 peptides was observed with a marked decrease in the IL-5:IFN-γ ratio. Conclusions: Cyn d 1 is a major T cell allergen of BGP. Decreased Cyn d 1-specific IL-5 dominant T cell responses were observed in association with clinically effective treatment with the 50% BGP and 50% 7-grass mix. Identified dominant T cell regions of Cyn d 1 should facilitate safer vaccine development for BGP-induced asthma in addition to rhinitis.
A Descriptive Study

T he scope of occupational health nursing continues to escalate and expand . Changes in the health care delivery system and increasing awareness of health needs of the consumer have resulted in a need to focus on health promotion and prevention. Workers must assume an active role in their care, and the nurse must be accountable for the care to the individual worker, the public, and the profession. In 1988, 6.4 million work related illnesses resulted in lost time from work; one third of these resulted in permanent or temporary disability (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1989). The Office of Technology Assessment (1986) reported 3,270 deaths and 300,000 cases of occupational induced
Clinically Isolated Syndromes : Clinical Characteristics , Differential Diagnosis , and Management Klinik

Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is a term that describes the first clinical onset of potential multiple sclerosis (MS). The term CIS is typically applied to young adults with episodes of acute or subacute onset, which reaches a peak quite rapidly within 2-3 weeks. In 85% of young adults who develop MS, onset occurs with an acute, CIS of the optic nerves, brainstem, or spinal cord. When clinically silent brain lesions are seen on MRI, the likelihood of developing MS is high. Because no single clinical feature or diagnostic test is sufficient for the diagnosis of CIS, diagnostic criteria have included a combination of both clinical and paraclinical studies. Diagnostic criteria from the International Panel of McDonald and colleagues incorporate MRI evidence of dissemination in time and space to allow a diagnosis of definite MS in patients with CIS. As CIS is typically the earliest clinical expression of MS, research on patients with CIS may provide new insights into early pathological changes and pathogenetic mechanisms that might affect the course of the disorder. With recent improvements in diagnosis and the advent of disease-modifying treatments for MS, there has been growing interest and research in patients with CIS.
Randomized controlled trials of interventions to change maladaptive illness beliefs in people with coronary heart disease: systematic review.

AIM This paper is a report of a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of interventions to change maladaptive illness beliefs in people with coronary heart disease, and was conducted to determine whether such interventions were effective in changing maladaptive beliefs, and to assess any consequent change in coping and outcome. BACKGROUND An increasing body of evidence suggests that faulty beliefs can lead to maladaptive behaviours and, in turn, to poor outcomes. However, the effectiveness of interventions to change such faulty illness beliefs in people with coronary heart disease is unknown. DATA SOURCES Multiple data bases were searched using a systematic search strategy. In addition, reference lists of included papers were checked and key authors in the field contacted. REVIEW METHODS The systematic review included randomized controlled trials with adults of any age with a diagnosis of coronary heart disease and an intervention aimed at changing cardiac beliefs. The primary outcome measured was change in beliefs about coronary heart disease. RESULTS Thirteen trials met the inclusion criteria. Owing to the heterogeneity of these studies, quantitative synthesis was not practicable. Descriptive synthesis of the results suggested that cognitive behavioural and counselling/education interventions can be effective in changing beliefs. The effects of changing beliefs on behavioural, functional and psychological outcomes remain unclear. CONCLUSION While some interventions may be effective in changing beliefs in people with coronary heart disease, the effect of these changes on outcome is not clear. Further high quality research is required before firmer guidance can be given to clinicians on the most effective method to dispel cardiac misconceptions.
Health‐Related Quality of Life and Psychosocial Functioning of Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background: This study aimed to study how inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) during adolescence and to examine how self‐esteem influences HRQoL. Methods: We compared self‐esteem, anxiety, and parental reports on behavioral problems in a group of IBD patients to a healthy norm group. Forty children and 38 parents filled out questionnaires separately. Trait anxiety, self‐perception, and the data on the Child Behavior Checklist were taken to compare the IBD population with healthy norms, using Student's t tests and 1‐sample t tests. Effect sizes were calculated to show the clinical relevance of the differences. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the association between disease‐related variables and self‐perception with HRQoL, anxiety, and problem behavior. Results: The results of this study show that adolescents with IBD, especially boys, have a significantly worse HRQoL and show more internalizing problem behavior compared with healthy peers. An important predictor of HRQoL is self‐esteem. Conclusions: In conclusion, adolescents with IBD are at risk for experiencing problems with their illness. Because self‐esteem is an important predictor of HRQoL, it should be taken into account in future interventions for these children.
Equity Performance of Zero Debt Firms Vis-À-Vis their Leveraged Counterparts

The purpose of this article is to find out whether firms that operate with debt-free balance sheet are rewarded more by the investors at large. For this, we form portfolios of debt-free firms and compare their performance with performance of matching portfolios of leveraged firms from the same industry and of similar size. Both absolute and risk-adjusted return measures are used as performance proxies. Our results show that debt-free firms tend to outperform the leveraged counterparts in terms of both absolute and risk-adjusted performance measures.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Sea Cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa, Gmelin 1791) Extracts

Holothuria tubulosa Turkiye denizlerinde bulunan ekonomik ve en cok hasat edilen deniz hiyari turlerindendir. Deniz hiyarlari insan sagligi icin onemli olan bioaktif bilesiklerin kaynagi olarak bilinmektedir. Bu calismada H. tubulosa’nin antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal etkisinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. H. tubulosa ekstraktlari, asitontril/trifloroasetik asit, methanol ve su/metanol gibi farkli cozuculer kullanilarak elde edilmistir. Sonuclara gore, ekstraktlarin antioksidan aktiviteleri, referans antioksidanlara gore tum konsantrasyonlarda daha dusuk belirlenmistir. Ancak, yuksek konsantrasyonlarda, ekstraktlarin antioksidan aktivitesi referans antioksidanlara yakin derecede bulunmustur. Bakteriyostatik etki 12 µg/ml konsantrasyonundan sonra belirlenmis, ancak bu etki hicbir konsantrasyon ve ekstrakta, Bacillus cereus icin gozlemlenmemistir. Sonuc olarak, Turkiye denizlerinde bulunan H. tubulosa’nin, potansiyel dogal antioksidan kaynagi olabilecegi dusunulmektedir.
Basal metabolic rates of Indian women.

Basal metabolic rates (BMRs) in 60 Indian women resident in Bangalore and aged 18-30 years were measured during the mid-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The data were used to obtain a predictive equation for BMR from body weight. The BMR measurements were comparable to BMRs of 52 Indian women reported more than 50 years ago, while they were 9.2% lower than Schofield's equation and 4.2% lower than that predicted by the equation of C.K. J. Henry & D.G. Rees (1991) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 45, 177-185. The equation obtained in this study predicts closely the BMRs of American women but underestimates BMRs of European women compared with figures recently reported in the literature.
Examining the empirical impact of teacher pupil control ideology on student outcomes : the classroom perspective.

EXAMINING THE EMPIRICAL IMPACT OF TEACHER PUPIL CONTROL IDEOLOGY ON STUDENT OUTCOMES: THE CLASSROOM PERSPECTIVE Michael Brame January 24, 2007 This study examined a hypothesized relationship among teacher belie/5, teacher behaviors, classroom climate, student engagement, and student outcomes. The researcher used teacher (N = 6) and student (N = 12) interviews, observations, and the mining of documents and material culture to collect data in a rural Midwest middle school struggling to meet the requirements of state and federal accountability measures. Humanistic teachers operated in an atmosphere of student empowerment and high levels of student engagement; Custodial teachers operated in an atmosphere of student compliance and low levels of student engagement. Outcomes, (grades, office referrals, and accountability scores) were more positive in humanistic classrooms than in custodial classrooms. The findings contributed to the knowledge base that will enable school administrators to address shortcomings in student achievement on high-stakes accountability tests.
Endovascular Therapy of Very Small Aneurysms of the Anterior Communicating Artery: Five-fold Increased Incidence of Rupture

BACKGROUND:Intraprocedural rupture is a dangerous complication of endovascular treatment. Small ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms and microaneurysms present a challenge for both surgical and endovascular therapies to achieve obliteration. An understanding of the complication rates of treating ruptured ACoA microaneurysms may help guide therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE:To report the largest cohort of ACoA microaneurysms treated with endovascular therapy over the course of the past 10 years. METHODS:We performed a retrospective review of 347 ACoA aneurysms treated in 347 patients at Cleveland Clinic and Emory University over a 10-year period. Patient demographics, aneurysmal rupture, size, use of balloon remodeling, patient outcomes, intraprocedural rupture, and rerupture were reviewed. RESULTS:Rupture rates were examined by size for all patients and subgroups and dichotomized to evaluate for size ranges associated with increased rupture rates. The highest risk of rupture was noted in aneurysms less than 4 mm. Of 347 aneurysms, 74 (21%) were less than 4 mm. The intraprocedural rupture rate was 5% (18/347) for ACoA aneurysms of any size. There was an intraprocedural rupture rate of 2.9% (8/273) among ACoA aneurysms greater than 4 mm compared with 13.5% (10/74) in less than 4-mm aneurysms. Procedural rupture was a statistically significant predictor of modified Rankin score after adjusting for Hunt and Hess grades (HH). CONCLUSION:ACoA aneurysms less than 4 mm have a 5-fold higher incidence of intraprocedural rerupture during coil embolization. Outcome is negatively affected by intraprocedural rerupture after adjusting for HH grade.
Efficient Boron Doping in the Back Surface Field of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells via Alloyed-Aluminum–Boron Paste

Back surface field (BSF) can effectively reflect minority carriers from the back surface area of a crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell and therefore improves its photovoltaic performance. Aluminum BSF (Al-BSF) is presently the most widely used BSF for p-type c-Si solar cells. Due to the relatively lower solubility of Al in c-Si, it is hard to achieve a high doping concentration in the Al-BSF, which, in turn, limits the conversion efficiency of c-Si solar cells. This letter presents a technique to achieve a much higher doping concentration in the BSF by boron doping through the screen-printed alloyed-aluminum-boron paste. It was found that a lower sheet resistance was resulted in the BSF. This technique is expected to be beneficial to the improvement of conversion efficiency of c-Si solar cells.
Choice of Monetary Policy Regime: Should the SBP Adopt Inflation Targeting?

Monetary aggregate targeting is based on a stable and predictable relationship between inflation and monetary aggregate(s). However, structural changes both in the economy as well as in the financial sector, financial innovation and increasing application of technology have significantly weakened the relationship between inflation and money. The major finding of this paper is that money demand function is unstable in Pakistan, therefore monetary aggregate targeting is not suitable. Consequently, inflation targeting (IT) may be an option for the SBP; it has superior qualities of easy to understand target, flexibility, transparency and being more amenable to accountability. However, some prerequisites such as fiscal prudence, independence of central bank, legislative support, availability of an appropriate measure of inflation and improvement in technical skills of the staff are required before the adoption of IT. It is argued that since the SBP lacks many of these pre-requisites, it may adopt IT Lite as a viable option in the mean time.
Purely Digital BIST for Any PLL or DLL

PLLs are the heart of most SoCs, so their performance affects many tests. Practical, published PLL BIST approaches cannot measure <10 ps RMS jitter or >1 GHz. This paper describes how a SerDes undersampling DFT technique was adapted to test multiple PLLs and DLLs for jitter, output frequency, duty cycle, and other parameters. Its multi-GHz range, sub-picosecond jitter noise floor, and minimal silicon area are better than for any previous silicon-proven DFT or BIST that needs no calibration or analog circuitry. FPGA implementation results are provided.
Organization of the genetic locus for chicken myosin light chain kinase is complex: Multiple proteins are encoded and exhibit differential expression and localization

We report that the genetic locus that encodes vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and kinase‐related protein (KRP) has a complex arrangement and a complex pattern of expression. Three proteins are encoded by 31 exons that have only one variation, that of the first exon of KRP, and the genomic locus spans approximately 100 kb of DNA. The three proteins can differ in their relative abundance and localization among tissues and with development. MLCK is a calmodulin (CaM) regulated protein kinase that phosphorylates the light chain of myosin II. The chicken has two MLCK isoforms encoded by the MLCK/KRP locus. KRP does not bind CaM and is not a protein kinase. However, KRP binds to and regulates the structure of myosin II. Thus, KRP and MLCK have the same subcellular target, the myosin II molecular motor system. We examined the tissue and cellular localization of KRP and MLCK in the chicken embryo and in adult chicken tissues. We report on the selective localization of KRP and MLCK among and within tissues and on a differential distribution of the proteins between embryonic and adult tissues. The results fill a void in our knowledge about the organization of the MLCK/KRP genetic locus, which appears to be a late evolving regulatory paradigm, and suggest an independent and complex regulation of expression of the gene products from the MLCK/KRP genetic locus that may reflect a basic principle found in other eukaryotic gene clusters that encode functionally linked proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:402–413, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of Diversity and Activity of Sulfate-Reducing Bacterial Communities in Sulfidogenic Bioreactors Using 16S rRNA and dsrB Genes as Molecular Markers

ABSTRACT Here we describe the diversity and activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in sulfidogenic bioreactors by using the simultaneous analysis of PCR products obtained from DNA and RNA of the 16S rRNA and dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrAB) genes. We subsequently analyzed the amplified gene fragments by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). We observed fewer bands in the RNA-based DGGE profiles than in the DNA-based profiles, indicating marked differences in the populations present and in those that were metabolically active at the time of sampling. Comparative sequence analyses of the bands obtained from rRNA and dsrB DGGE profiles were congruent, revealing the same SRB populations. Bioreactors that received either ethanol or isopropanol as an energy source showed the presence of SRB affiliated with Desulfobulbus rhabdoformis and/or Desulfovibrio sulfodismutans, as well as SRB related to the acetate-oxidizing Desulfobacca acetoxidans. The reactor that received wastewater containing a diverse mixture of organic compounds showed the presence of nutritionally versatile SRB affiliated with Desulfosarcina variabilis and another acetate-oxidizing SRB, affiliated with Desulfoarculus baarsii. In addition to DGGE analysis, we performed whole-cell hybridization with fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes to estimate the relative abundances of the dominant sulfate-reducing bacterial populations. Desulfobacca acetoxidans-like populations were most dominant (50 to 60%) relative to the total SRB communities, followed by Desulfovibrio-like populations (30 to 40%), and Desulfobulbus-like populations (15 to 20%). This study is the first to identify metabolically active SRB in sulfidogenic bioreactors by using the functional gene dsrAB as a molecular marker. The same approach can also be used to infer the ecological role of coexisting SRB in other habitats.
Extracorporeal resuscitation of cardiac arrest.

OBJECTIVE Extracorporeal support of heart and lung function (venoarterial perfusion) during cardiac arrest (ECPR) has been advocated as a means of improving survival following cardiac arrest. The authors retrospectively reviewed their institution's seven-year experience with this intervention. METHODS Emergency department patients and inpatients in cardiac arrest or immediately postarrest were considered candidates. ECPR was instituted using venoarterial bypass and was continued until patients regained sufficient cardiopulmonary function to allow weaning from the device or until their condition was deemed irrecoverable. RESULTS ECPR was attempted in 25 patients and successfully instituted in 21. Four patients (16%) were converted from ECPR to ventricular assist devices, two of whom survived and await transplantation. Seven additional patients were discharged from the hospital, resulting in an overall survival of 36%. Because none of the children treated survived, there was a trend toward higher age among survivors (survivors 40 +/- 14 yr, nonsurvivors 33 +/- 15 yr, p = 0.29). The duration of conventional CPR was shorter among survivors (survivors 21 +/- 16 min, nonsurvivors 43 +/- 32 min, p = 0.04), as was the duration of extracorporeal support (survivors 44 +/- 21 hr, nonsurvivors 87 +/- 96 hr, p = 0.18). Survival was seen only in patients whose conditions were amenable to a definitive therapeutic intervention, particularly cardiac arrest due to respiratory or pulmonary embolic disease. While four of the five patients treated in the ED were successfully supported, none survived to discharge. CONCLUSION In select patients with reversible disease, extracorporeal CPR can be used to successfully treat cardiac arrest. Further investigation into its most appropriate application is warranted.