Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cohousing For Whom? Survey Evidence to Support the Diffusion of Socially and Spatially Integrated Housing in the United States

Abstract Cohousing is a resident-led neighborhood development model that clusters private dwelling units around collectively owned and managed spaces, with potential to address long-term social and environmental challenges in American metropolitan regions. To date, however, the cohousing model has been slow to diffuse beyond a demographically narrow following. This limited following may signal to policymakers that cohousing is an unappealing housing model, and therefore an impractical policy objective. Drawing from a survey of 1,000 American residents, the results of a multivariate regression model suggest that (a) many of the characteristics of the current resident population of cohousing in the United States have no statistical association with the individuals who indicate interest in cohousing nationwide; (b) other characteristics serve as better predictors of interest in cohousing; and therefore (c) the slow diffusion of cohousing is likely the consequence of inaccessibility rather than low appeal. Overcoming these challenges demands shifts in policy.
Hyperfiniteness and the Halmos-Rohlin theorem for nonsingular Abelian actions

HEOREM 1. Let the countable abelian group G act nonsingularly and aperiodically on Lebesgue space (X, u). Then for each finite subset A c G and e > 0 3 finite B c G and F c X with {bF: b E B) disjoint and u[(FnaEAB a)F] > 1 e. THEOREM 2. Every nonsingular action of a countable abelian group on a Lebesgue space is hyperfinite.
Development and Validation of a Single Wrist Mounted Inertial Sensor for Biomechanical Performance Analysis of an Elite Netball Shot

The primary objective of the game netball is to score more goals than the opposition. Subsequently, there is impetus on improving shooting accuracy to maximize scoring. Understanding the kinematic factors of shooting that lead to scoring success allows for iterative adjustment and optimization of technique. Three-dimensional retro-reflective motion capture has been used to assess kinematics; however, these systems are expensive, require substantial setup and postprocessing time, and cannot be used in game-such as environments. With modern advancements in wearable microelectromechanical systems based technology, the ability to monitor shooting kinematics in the performance environment has become possible. This article evaluates the efficacy of a single wireless inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor to monitor shooting kinematics, in terms of forearm angle at ball release. Four elite female shooters shot a total of 30 shots each (totaling 120 shots) from three different distances wearing both reference retroreflective motion capture (Vicon) markers and an IMU. To assess whether wearing the IMU had adverse effects on the kinematic shooting chain, a further ten shots each were taken without wearing the IMU. When contrasted with the gold standard reference of retro-reflective motion capture, the IMU sensor overestimated the forearm angle at ball release established by a mean percentage error of 4.03 1.58. Shots with and without the IMU indicated that the IMU did not biomechanically alter the shooting action. Important advantages of using IMU's over motion-capture solutions include that they are ubiquitous, low cost, require minimal user intervention, and can be used in representative training environments under defensive pressure. This information can enhance the understanding of the athlete's distal segment coordination patterns, providing actionable insights to enable performance to athletes and coaching staff.
Inflammatory Pathway Genes Belong to Major Targets of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Adipose Cells

Background: Epidemiological studies emphasize the possible role of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. These pollutants are stored in adipose tissue (AT). Objectives: Our aim was to study the effects of POPs on human adipose cells and rodent AT. Methods: Using human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells, we carried out large-scale gene expression analysis to identify the major pathways modified by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener 126 (PCB-126), and PCB-153 and to evaluate their toxic effects. The effects of TCDD on gene expression and AT histology were also assessed in mice. Results: The most significantly regulated genes in both precursor cells and adipocytes were those involved in the inflammatory/immune response, cancer, and metabolism pathways. Interestingly, the fold induction and the number of modulated genes were higher in precursors than in adipocytes, suggesting that the former could be more sensitive to the effect of pollutants. When cells were treated with combinations of pollutants, the effects of the AhR ligands TCDD and PCB-126 were dominant compared with those of the non-dioxin-like PCB-153. The effects of AhR ligands were reduced by the AhR antagonist α-naphthoflavone. The regulation of inflammatory pathway was observed in wild-type AT but not in AhR-knockout mice. Conclusions: Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that adipose cells were targets of AhR ligands and suggest that inflammation is one of the main regulated pathways. These observations suggest a possible contribution of pollutants to low-grade AT inflammation that accompanies the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases.
Millennials and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of job crafting and career anchor on service

Purpose Growing up in the technology era and heavily invested in longer full-time education, the millennial workforce holds unique characteristics that may influence important job outcomes. Building on the recent research on workforce generations, this paper aims to investigate not only the overall effect of the millennial generation on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) but also the nuanced effect of how workforce generations may interact with two factors in career development (i.e. job crafting and career anchor) in predicting OCB. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was conducted among full-time workers in the USA, 321 (64 per cent) of whom were millennials. Hierarchical regression was used to test the hypotheses. Findings Results indicated that millennials appeared to be less interested in OCB compared to earlier generations in the workforce. Nevertheless, some dimensions of OCB increased when millennials conducted resource-related job crafting or when they held a career anchor on service. In addition, both of these career development factors were positively correlated with OCB. Research limitations/implications This study offers important implications to researchers as well as practitioners and highlights the significance of career development factors in motivating millennials toward desired job outcomes. Originality/value This research is among the initial attempts to assess the impact of job design and career factors on OCB among millennial workers. The findings highlight millennials’ unique perspectives toward OCB and how job crafting and career anchor may play influencing roles on OCB. With millennials becoming the largest generation in the workforce, such knowledge is critical.
Corruption and the New Institutional Economics

Corruption is common in poor and middle-income countries, but relatively infrequent in wealthy ones. How does corruption decline with modernization? In this essay, I consider two ways that analytical tools that derive from the New Institutional Economics may contribute to a better understanding of corruption and modernization. First, even where laws prohibit corruption, it often persists. How do cultures of corruption develop, and how can they be changed? Second, how do anti-corruption interests organize politically to change institutions that facilitate patronage and discretion, replacing them with meritocratic, formula-bound
Progresses in large dynamic range silicon photomultipliers with bulk quenching resistor

Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) with bulk quenching resistor is one of the main SiPM technologies now under researches and developments. The device was first demonstrated at the Novel Device Laboratory (NDL). It has advantages of high micro cell density, short recovery time and has potential to alleviate the conflict between the high photon detection efficiency (PDE) and large dynamic range encountered by conventional SiPM, and it is beneficial to be applied in HEP calorimeters, PET, scintillator readout, radiation monitors and spectroscopy analysis, where high space resolution, large dynamic range and adequate high PDE are mandatory needed simultaneously. In the past years, with the optimization of the fabrication technology and structure of the device, the active area of the device has been increased from 1 mm × 1 mm to 2.2 mm × 2.2 mm, the peak PDE has been increased from 8% to 13%, while the density of the micro cells remains as large as 9000/mm2 and the recovery time remains to as low as ~5ns. Application of the device to the detection of natural background radiation by using a lutetium orthosilicate (LSO) scintillator has been performed. Energy resolution of 1-to-1 coupling of this device and a 2 mm × 2 mm × 10 mm lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystal yielded an energy resolution of 11.8% by using radiation sources of 137Cs (662keV photons) without any high speed preamplifiers. These latest developments of SiPM with bulk quenching resistor will be presented in this record.
Cholera toxin adjuvant greatly promotes antigen priming of T cells

Cholera toxin (CT) given perorally is a powerful mucosal immunogen and adjuvant. Information that explains the adjuvant effect of CT may be used for the development of more effective oral vaccines and might also contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in regulating mucosal immunity. The present study was undertaken to investigate if CT administered together with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) would act to promote or inhibit priming of KLH‐specific T cells and whether the adjuvant effect of CT is restricted to mucosal immune responses or is a generalized phenomenon due to direct immunomodulating effects of CT. We found that CT adjuvant greatly augmented the effectiveness of a single oral priming immunization with KLH: re‐challenge with KLH in vitro 1 week following immunization gave several‐fold stronger proliferation in KLH‐specific spleen, mesenteric lymph node, Peyer's patch and gut lamina propria T cells from KLH + CT adjuvant as opposed to KLH only‐treated mice. Moreover, several‐fold stronger cytokine production, i.e. interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10 and interferon‐Y accompanied the enhanced proliferative response of T cells from CT adjuvant‐treated mice. The adjuvant effect of CT was not restricted to mucosal immune responses but was evident also following a single parenteral immunization with KLH + CT. Limiting dilution analysis revealed that CT adjuvant promoted a 20‐ to 40‐fold increase in the frequency of primed KLH‐specific T cells. Phenotypic and functional analyses clearly demonstrated that CT adjuvant primarily enhanced priming of CD4+ rather than CD8+ T cells and the pattern of lymphokine secretion disclosed that CT most probably promoted antigen priming of both Thl and Th2 type of CD4+ T precursor cells.
A Succinct Data Structure for Multidimensional Orthogonal Range Searching

We introduce succinct representations of a d-dimensional point setsupporting orthogonal range searching under two circumstances. First, we discuss this problem under the assumptionthat each coordinate of points takes a real number and we cannot change its encoding. In this case, it is usual to convert the point set into rank space. In this paper, we present a data structureusing dn lg n + o(n lg n) bits, where $n$ denotes the number of points in P, and supporting reporting queries in O((n(d-2)/d + occ)lg n/lg lg n) time, and counting queries in O(n(d-2)/d lg n/lg lg n) time, where occ denotes the number of point to report. Secondly, we consider orthogonal range searching under the conditionthat each coordinate takes an integer in [U]1 and we can change its encoding. In this case, we propose a succinct representation of the point setwhich requires dn lg U + o(n lg n) bitswhile supporting these queries in the same time complexity as that in rank space.
Time Spent On Household Chores (Fetching Water) And The Alternatives Forgone For Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Kenya

ABSTRACT:Due to a lack of piped water, household members in sub-Saharan Africa, typically girls, fetch water from sources outside the home. We offer the first econometric study that considers a fetching water/schooling time tradeoff as a possible and partial explanation for the relatively high dropout rate for girls in school. Our empirical technique fist estimates a baseline probit where the dependent variable is one if the individual is enrolled in school and zero if the individual is not enrolled. The covariates are factors which may influence school attendance. However, such a specification may be vulnerable to omitted variable bias. To account for this possibility, we estimate the average treatment effect by augmenting the probit model with instruments which may induce 'treatment' of time spent fetching water i.e. whether the individual resides in a household connected to electricity. Our data is drawn from the 2004/2005 Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey. Our findings shed new light. In particular, we find that the interaction between the female dummy variable and time spent fetching water is negative and statically significant suggesting that the incidence of not attending school, due to fetching water, is relatively higher for females. This finding is further reinforced by the coefficient on the female dummy variable which is negative and statistically significant, suggesting that being female in Kenya, and in much of SSA, reduces the probability of enrolling and spending time in school. Taken together, our findings are consistent with the notion, and provide evidence for the anecdotal view in the literature that the high dropout rate for girls in school may in part be explained by a fetching water/schooling time tradeoff. To reduce the time individuals spend fetching water from sources outside the home, we suggest that a policy prescription that offers a requisite infrastructure, typically provided for through public means, may reduce the cost for households of connecting piped water to their homes. Importantly, such a policy action would be effective in reducing the time spent fetching water not only for females but for males as well.
Real-time prediction of inpatient length of stay for discharge prioritization

OBJECTIVE Hospitals are challenged to provide timely patient care while maintaining high resource utilization. This has prompted hospital initiatives to increase patient flow and minimize nonvalue added care time. Real-time demand capacity management (RTDC) is one such initiative whereby clinicians convene each morning to predict patients able to leave the same day and prioritize their remaining tasks for early discharge. Our objective is to automate and improve these discharge predictions by applying supervised machine learning methods to readily available health information. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors use supervised machine learning methods to predict patients' likelihood of discharge by 2 p.m. and by midnight each day for an inpatient medical unit. Using data collected over 8000 patient stays and 20 000 patient days, the predictive performance of the model is compared to clinicians using sensitivity, specificity, Youden's Index (i.e., sensitivity + specificity - 1), and aggregate accuracy measures. RESULTS The model compared to clinician predictions demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity (P < .01), lower specificity (P < .01), and a comparable Youden Index (P > .10). Early discharges were less predictable than midnight discharges. The model was more accurate than clinicians in predicting the total number of daily discharges and capable of ranking patients closest to future discharge. CONCLUSIONS There is potential to use readily available health information to predict daily patient discharges with accuracies comparable to clinician predictions. This approach may be used to automate and support daily RTDC predictions aimed at improving patient flow.
Host plant, temperature, and photoperiod effects on ovipositional preference of Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

Host plant effects of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. , and chickweed, Stellaria media (L.) Vill. , foliage infected and uninfected with Tomato spotted wilt virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, TSWV) on the ovipositional preferences of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), were investigated for whole plants in the greenhouse. In addition, the preference for leaf disks from the same host plants was investigated under a range of temperatures, 15-30 degrees C at a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h, and at three photoperiods, 6:18, 12:12, and 18:6, at 20 degrees C in no-choice and choice studies conducted in growth chambers. In a choice test, F. fusca oviposited significantly more eggs per whole plant foliage over a 7-d period than F. occidentalis by an average ratio of 3:1 over both tomato and chickweed. The optimum temperature for oviposition of F. occidentalis and F. fusca was 24.5 and 24.9 degrees C, respectively. Both species laid significantly more eggs under the longest daylight hours tested, 18:6, in the choice study. Temperature and photoperiod did not significantly interact in terms of thrips ovipositional preference. Ovipositional preference for chickweed or tomato foliage was different for each thrips species in the choice and no-choice tests. However, both thrips species laid significantly more eggs per square centimeter of leaf area in chickweed than in tomato in the whole plant choice test.
Dermatomyofibroma

We report nine examples of a distinct cutaneous plaque‐like proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Eight of nine lesions were located in or around the shoulder, including axilla and upper arm. There was a predominance of women to men of 8:1. The lesions measured from 1 to 2 cm in greatest diameter. All patients were voting adults (mean age 29.8 yr). All lesions involved the reticular dermis in a plaque‐like fashion and extended to the upper part of the subcutaneous septa in seven cases. The lesions consisted of a proliferation of very uniform slender spindle‐shaped cells arranged as well‐defined elongated and intersecting fascicles with a predominantly parallel arrangement to the skin surface. There was no evidence of cytologic atypia and mitotic figures were infrequent. The spindle‐shaped cells were separated by thin collagen fibers. Elastic libers were preserved and some of them appeared thicker than normal. All adnexal structures were spared. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the cells stained positively for vimentin and muscle actin, but lacked smooth‐muscle specific actin. desmin, and S‐100 protein. Some dermal dendrocytes stained positively for Factor XIIa, but the spindle‐shaped cells were negative. Electron microscopy studies revealed a mixture of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and undifferentialted mesenchymal cells. All lesions were treated by conservative excision; follow‐up information revealed no evidence of recurrence. We name tins distinct lesion dermatolmyofibroma. To the best of our knowledge, this entity has not been previously described in the literature
Cooling of Peripheral Myelinated Axons Retards Wallerian Degeneration

The histological and ultrastructural status of intact and severed axons was examined in the ventral tail nerve of rats whose tails were maintained at 32, 23, and 13 degrees C. Compared to contralateral intact nerves, distal (anucleate) portions of severed myelinated axons morphologically and ultrastructurally degenerated within 3 days at 32 degrees C and within 6 days at 23 degrees C. In contrast, anucleate myelinated axons in ventral tail nerves maintained at 13 degrees C did not degenerate for at least 10 days. These and other data suggest that rapid Wallerian degeneration of anucleate myelinated axons is not an inevitable result of axonal severance in mammals.
Europe's Triple Crisis and the Uneven Role of Institutions: The Euro, Refugees and Brexit

Europe is currently embroiled in three ongoing and interacting crises concerning the eurozone, refugees and Brexit. After briefly describing each crisis, I turn to the ways in which they intersect and the role of institutions in solving the crises. There are two central themes in the paper. The first is that the three crises intersect and feed on one another. The second is that, while institutions can often help, they are not panaceas. Existing scholarship on the EU often implies that the EU operates far from its institutional frontier and that substantial improvements in welfare are just around the corner if only we &#8216;get our institutions right&#8217;. But institutional fixes do not exist for all problems. I argue that there is a large space for institutional improvement in the eurozone crisis, less regarding refugees, and still less for Brexit.
A brain-specific SGK 1 splice isoform regulates expression of ASIC 1 in neurons

Neurodegenerative diseases and noxious stimuli to the brain enhance transcription of serumand glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1 (SGK1). Here, we report that the SGK1 gene encodes a brain-specific additional isoform, SGK1.1, which exhibits distinct regulation, properties, and functional effects. SGK1.1 decreases expression of the acid-sensing ion channel-1 (ASIC1); thereby, SGK1.1 may limit neuronal injury associated to activation of ASIC1 in ischemia. Given that neurons express at least two splice isoforms, SGK1 and SGK1.1, driven by distinct promoters, any changes in SGK1 transcript level must be examined to define the isoform induced by each stimulus or neurological disorder.
Identification of the Non-lysosomal Glucosylceramidase as β-Glucosidase 2*

The primary catabolic pathway for glucosylceramide is catalyzed by the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase that is defective in Gaucher disease patients. A distinct non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase has been described but its identity remained enigmatic for years. We here report that the non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase is identical to the earlier described bile acid β-glucosidase, being β-glucosidase 2 (GBA2). Expressed GBA2 is identical to the native non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase in various enzymatic features such as substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity. Expression of GBA2 coincides with increased non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase activity, and GBA2-targeted RNA interference reduces endogenous non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase activity in cells. GBA2 is found to be located at or close to the cell surface, and its activity is linked to sphingomyelin generation. Hydrophobic deoxynojirimycins are extremely potent inhibitors for GBA2. In mice pharmacological inhibition of GBA2 activity is associated with impaired spermatogenesis, a phenomenon also very recently reported for GBA2 knock-out mice (Yildiz, Y., Matern, H., Thompson, B., Allegood, J. C., Warren, R. L., Ramirez, D. M., Hammer, R. E., Hamra, F. K., Matern, S., and Russell, D. W. (2006) J. Clin. Invest. 116, 2985–2994). In conclusion, GBA2 plays a role in cellular glucosylceramide metabolism.