Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Strategic Approach to Internationalization: A Traditional versus a “Born-Global” Approach

This article is based on a study of 16 in-depth case histories of New Zealand firms. It uses both the traditional and the “born-global” approaches as a framework to study the internationalization processes of the firms. The authors use the histories to conduct a systematic analysis of the extent to which firms that might be categorized as following a traditional or born-global internationalization path differ in the strategies they have used and in their prior motivations and capabilities. The main findings are that many attributes of the born-global model also characterize firms that began their internationalization along traditional lines but were radically transformed in the process of achieving global reach. This study identifies the consequences of rapid international growth, referred to as “the gusher,” among these firms and the destabilizing effects of the experience as the firm is taken in unexpected directions. The authors conclude that the born-global model has much in common with the internationalization of small entrepreneurial firms and that its most distinctive elements lie in the model's relevance to an increasingly globalized world economy and in the more aggressive learning strategies that are required to follow this path.
The Open Source Hardening Project

Abstract : This effort has developed and deployed a broad range of tools for finding serious errors in code. They are designed to find large numbers of errors in large source bases quickly, and with few false reports. We validated these tools by suing them to find bugs in important open-source projects (e.g., Linux, BSD, and many other widely-used projects). As a crucial part of doing so, we built and roan an ongoing "open source hardening" project that automatically applied our tools to these projects as a nightly regression and published the bugs in a developer-available database of errors. The benefits of automated, regular regressions are fourfold. First, it gave an objective, highly-visible validation that our tools work well on real code. Second, it provided corrective guidance to development, forcing tools to focus on what matters. Third, it strengthened on our relationships with developers on these projects, leading to (among other things) valuable user feedback, checking ideas, and (from experience) customer leads. Finally, and in some ways most important, it led to immediate improvements in the vast open-source infrastructure that serves as a foundation to much of the Nation's computing environments.
"I Felt it Tear Flesh": Violent Comics and Social Cognition

This study investigated the effects of reading extremely violent versus nonviolent comic books on 249 introductory psychology students' interpretations of overt and relational provocation situations. After reading their assigned comic books, participants read hypothetical stories in which an overt or relational aggression occurred, but the intent of the provocateur was ambiguous. After each story, participants were asked a series of questions about the provocateur's intent. Responses were coded in terms of the amount of negative and violent content. Trait hostility was significantly related to hostile responding. Regardless of the type of aggression, participants reading extremely violent comic books responded more negatively than participants reading nonviolent comic books. Males responded more negatively to the overt scenarios whereas females responded more negatively to the relational scenarios. These findings indicate social information processing of ambiguous material appears to be affected by both personality based variables, such as gender and trait hostility, and environmental stimuli, such as violent media. (Contains 15 references.) (Author/JDM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. It "I Felt it Tear Flesh": Violent Comics and Social Cognition Steven J. Kirsh and Paul V. Olczak
Compositional Analysis of Lignocellulosic Materials: Evaluation of an Economically Viable Method Suitable for Woody and Non-woody Biomass

The determination of the composition of lignocellulosic substrate is a crucial step in order to determine the overall efficiency of the processes designed to convert lignocelluloses to ethanol. Standard methods as gravimetric, chromatography, and spectroscopic are routinely explored in the scientific literature. This paper details our investigations in the application of economically viable gravimetric methods particularly suitable for developing countries. The methods were proven to be reproducible and representative for the analysis of biomass as sugarcane bagasse, siam weed, shea tree sawdust.
Accreted versus in situ Milky Way globular clusters

A large, perhaps dominant fraction, of the Milky Way’s halo is thought to be built-up by the accretion of smaller galaxies and their globular cluster (GC) systems. Here we examine the Milky Way’s GC system to estimate the fraction of accreted versus in situ formed GCs. We first assemble a high quality database of ages and metallicities for 93 Milky Way GCs from literature deep colour-magnitude data. The age-metallicity relation for the Milky Way’s GCs reveals two distinct tracks – one with near constant old age of �12.8 Gyr and the other branches to younger ages. We find that the latter young track is dominated by globular clusters associated with the Sagittarius and Canis Major dwarf galaxies. Despite being overly simplistic, its age-metallicity relation can be well represented by a simple closed box model with continuous star formation. The inferred chemical enrichment history is similar to that of the Large Magellanic Cloud, but is more enriched, at a given age, compared to the Small Magellanic Cloud. After excluding Sagittarius and Canis Major GCs, several young track GCs remain. Their horizontal branch morphologies are often red and hence classified as Young Halo objects, however they do not tend to reveal extended horizontal branches (a possible signature of an accreted remnant nucleus). Retrograde orbit GCs (a key signature of accretion) are commonly found in the young track. We also examine GCs that lie close to the Fornax-Leo-Sculptor great circle defined by several satellite galaxies. We find that several GCs are consistent with the young track and we speculate that they may have been accreted along with their host dwarf galaxy, whose nucleus may survive as a GC. Finally, we suggest that 27-47 GCs (about 1/4 of the entire system), from 6-8 dwarf galaxies, were accreted to build the Milky Way GC system we seen today.
Self-Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line (MITL) System Design for the 20-Stage Hermes-III Accelerator

Abstract : The Hermes-III MITL is a coaxial waveguide structure that is divided into two functional regions: 1) a 12.8-m long voltage adder section, and 2) a 4.6-m long isolator/extension section. The adder MITL provides the means for the series addition of the input voltages from the individual cavity feeds. The isolator/extension MITL provides efficient power transport and isolation from the output of the adder section to a bremsstrahlung diode. This paper describes the Hermes-III MITL and presents the electrical design methodology, models, and results obtained for optimum system operation.
Terdiurnal signatures in sporadic E layers at midlatitudes

Abstract. Global Positioning System radio occultation measurements by the FORMOsa SATellite mission-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate satellites were used to analyse the behaviour of the signature of the terdiurnal tide in sporadic E (ES) layers at midlatitudes (43–63° N). According to theory, the occurrence of ES is expected when the vertical zonal wind shear, which is mainly owing to solar tides, is negative. 4 yr means, based on 3-monthly running mean zonal means from December 2006–November 2010, were constructed for the terdiurnal oscillation in the occurrence frequency of ES. Comparison of the results with VHF meteor radar observations of the terdiurnal tide and the 8 h oscillation in the vertical zonal wind shear at Collm, Germany (51.3° N, 13° E) shows a clear correspondence between the 8 h in ES and in wind shear signature.
Personal Norms for Dealing with Climate Change : Results from a Survey Using Moral Foundations Theory

Climate change has become one of the main issues in environmental and sustainability discussions during the last decade. Acting to reduce climate change can be viewed as a prosocial behavior, and previous research has found that personal norms are important in explaining these types of behaviors, together with other attitudinal factors. In this study we use Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) to explore the antecedents of personal climate change norms together with three attitudinal factors: problem awareness, social norms and adherence to the New Ecological Paradigm. Analyzing data from a nationwide survey (N = 1086) conducted in Sweden, we find that the moral foundations concerning harm and fairness are positively associated with personal climate change norms, whereas authority has a negative relation. However, the moral foundations from MFT contribute less in explaining personal climate change norms compared with the attitudinal factors included in the study. Theoretical and empirical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A study on the stability of anhydroecgonine methyl ester (crack biomarker), benzoylecgonine, and cocaine in human urine Estudo da estabilidade do éster metilanidroecgonina, marcador de uso do crack, benzoilecgonina e cocaína em urina humana

Background: Typically, urine and other biological tissues have been analyzed for cocaine (COC) and/or metabolites to detect COC usage. COC undergoes numerous biotransformation and degradation reactions. Crack smokers are exposed to anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AME), which can be used as an analytical marker for crack smoking. The stability of this analyte in human urine has not been studied. In the body, COC is rapidly converted to metabolites by enzymatic and chemical processes, the major urinary metabolite being benzoylecgonine (BE). Objectives: This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of time and temperature on the stability of cocaine/crack metabolites in human urine. Methods: The stability of AME, BE and COC in urine was investigated using samples of urine stored in freezers and refrigerators. The analytes were extracted from urine using a solid-phase extraction technique and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection method. Results: COC concentrations decreased while BE concentrations increased. AME concentrations remained stable. Conclusions: The temperature and the duration of storage are decisive in COC hydrolyzing. This study suggests that AME concentrations are not correlated to either storage duration or with storage temperature and AME is more stable than COC. Carvalho, V.M. et al. / Rev. Psiq. Clin 35, supl 1; 17-20, 2008
Efficient, broadband, and robust frequency conversion by fully nonlinear adiabatic three-wave mixing

A comprehensive physical model of adiabatic three-wave mixing is developed for the fully nonlinear regime, i.e., without making the undepleted pump approximation. The conditions for adiabatic evolution are rigorously derived, together with an estimate of the bandwidth of the process. Furthermore, these processes are shown to be robust and efficient. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate adiabatic frequency conversion in a wide variety of physically attainable configurations.
A necessary and suﬃcient condition for induced model structures

A common technique for producing a new model category structure is to lift the ﬁbrations and weak equivalences of an existing model structure along a right adjoint. Formally dual but technically much harder is to lift the coﬁbrations and weak equivalences along a left adjoint. For either technique to deﬁne a valid model category, there is a well-known necessary ‘acyclicity’ condition. We show that for a broad class of accessible model structures — a generalization introduced here of the well-known combinatorial model structures — this necessary condition is also suﬃcient in both the right-induced and left-induced contexts, and the resulting model category is again accessible. We develop new and old techniques for proving the acyclity condition and apply these observations to construct several new model structures, in particular on categories of diﬀerential graded bialgebras, of diﬀerential graded comodule algebras, and of comodules over corings in both the diﬀerential graded and the spectral setting. We observe moreover that (generalized) Reedy model category structures can also be understood as model categories of ‘bialgebras’ in the sense considered here.
RISK FACTORS INVOLVEMENT IN ENAMEL DENTAL DISPLASYA

The extended tooth formative period offers extremely large possibilities for various etiological factors to act. Hereditary, congenitally or acquired factors finally justify the existence of an equally large variety of clinical forms, with psychological and functional impact, sometimes a very serious one on patient. Our goal was to correlate developing defects frequencies to the sex and age of the examined children and to some potential risk factors used in the reference literature: delivery, birth weight, infant feeding between 0-4 months of age and the social-economical conditions. The study was made on 600 subjects of 8-11 year age and the index used to systematize the data, was SCOTS index. The obtained results have pointed out that there are not statistically significant differences in enamel defect distribution versus children sex or age, but there is a strongly significant prevalence of enamel defects using the logistic model of regression of some potentially risk factors such as prematurity, birth weight, nutrition, or family income level.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUES IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS (MANETS )

In this paper a detailed analysis of Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple DES (3DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) symmetric encryption algorithms in MANET was done using the Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) in terms of energy consumption, data transfer time, End-to-End delay time and throughput with varying data sizes. Two simulation models were adopted: the first simulates the network performance assuming the availability of the common key, and the second simulates the network performance including the use of the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (DHKE) protocol in the key management phase. The obtained simulation results showed the superiority of AES over DES by 65%, 70% and 83% in term of the energy consumption, data transfer time, and network throughput respectively. On the other hand, the results showed that AES is better than 3DES by approximately 90% for all of the performance metrics. Based on these results the AES was the recommended encryption scheme.
SADAGRAD: Strongly Adaptive Stochastic Gradient Methods

Although the convergence rates of existing variants of ADAGRAD have a better dependence on the number of iterations under the strong convexity condition, their iteration complexities have a explicitly linear dependence on the dimensionality of the problem. To alleviate this bad dependence, we propose a simple yet novel variant of ADAGRAD for stochastic (weakly) strongly convex optimization. Different from existing variants, the proposed variant (referred to as SADAGRAD) uses an adaptive restarting scheme in which (i) ADAGRAD serves as a sub-routine and is restarted periodically; (ii) the number of iterations for restarting ADAGRAD depends on the history of learning that incorporates knowledge of the geometry of the data. In addition to the adaptive proximal functions and adaptive number of iterations for restarting, we also develop a variant that is adaptive to the (implicit) strong convexity from the data, which together makes the proposed algorithm strongly adaptive. In the worst case SADAGRAD has an O(1/ ) iteration complexity for finding an -optimal solution similar to other variants. However, it could enjoy faster convergence and much better dependence on the problem’s dimensionality when stochastic gradients are sparse. Extensive experiments on large-scale data sets demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms in comparison with several variants of ADAGRAD and stochastic gradient method.
PROBING THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM OF z ∼ 1 ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES THROUGH INTERFEROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS OF CO AND SPITZER MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

We explore the relationship between gas, dust, and star formation in a sample of 12 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) at high-redshift compared to a similar sample of local galaxies. We present new CO observations and/or Spitzer mid-IR spectroscopy for six 70 μm selected galaxies at z ∼ 1 in order to quantify the properties of the molecular gas reservoir, the contribution of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) to the mid-IR luminosity, and the star formation efficiency (SFE = LIR/). The mid-IR spectra show strong polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission, and our spectral decomposition suggests that the AGN makes a minimal contribution (<25%) to the mid-IR luminosity. The 70 μm selected ULIRGs, which we find to be spectroscopic close pairs, are observed to have high SFE, similar to local ULIRGs and high-redshift submillimeter galaxies, consistent with enhanced IR luminosity due to an ongoing major merger. Combined with existing observations of local and high-redshift ULIRGs, we further compare the PAH, IR, and CO luminosities. We show that the ratio LPAH, 6.2/LIR decreases with increasing IR luminosity for both local and high-redshift galaxies, but the trend for high-redshift galaxies is shifted to higher IR luminosities; the average LPAH, 6.2/LIR ratio at a given LIR is ∼3 times higher at high-redshift. When we normalize by the molecular gas, we find this trend to be uniform for galaxies at all redshifts and that the molecular gas is correlated with the PAH dust emission. The similar trends seen in the [C ii] to molecular gas ratios in other studies suggests that PAH emission, like [C ii], continues to be a good tracer of photodissociation regions even at high-redshift. Together the CO, PAH, and far-IR fine structure lines should be useful for constraining the interstellar medium conditions in high-redshift galaxies.
Effect of a Salt Crust on Evaporation from a Bare Saline Soil

Evaporation from the soil surface is a major cause of the salinization of irrigated soils in arid and semiarid regions. To optimize irrigation scheduling under saline conditions, it is essential to be able to accurately predict solute transport in soils and the evaporation rate. We conducted laboratory column experiments under constant meteorological conditions, except for radiation, which was automatically regulated such that the temperature of the soil remained the same as that of the air. The concentration of the initial soil solution and that of the inflowing water from the bottom of the 5.2‐cm‐long column were set at 3000 g m−3 The evaporation experiments were performed with three combinations of soil and solute. Although the soil surface was kept wet by maintaining a low suction at the bottom, the evaporation rate was found to decrease considerably with time. This decrease could not be explained by a decrease in osmotic potential alone, but rather was due also to the formation of a salt crust near the surface. The bulk transfer equation for evaporation was therefore modified to include a resistance to water vapor diffusion caused by the salt crust. The dependence of the salt crust resistance on the amount of accumulated salt was evaluated experimentally and theoretically. In our numerical analysis, we used independently estimated soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters. Results show that the convection–dispersion equation (CDE) tends to overestimate backward diffusion near an evaporating soil surface, thus significantly delaying salt accumulation at the soil surface and decreasing the evaporation rate. Since the CDE uses an analogy of Fick's law to describe mechanical dispersion, the dispersion term overestimated the downward transport of solutes against upward convective transport.
Application of Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method for the soliton solutions of Boussinesq-Burger equations

Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method (LADM) is a combination of Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and Laplace Transform. It is an approximate analytical method, which can be adapted to solve system of nonlinear partial differential equations. In this paper, Boussinesq-Burger equation has been solved by using Laplace Adomian Decom- position Method which gives an approximate analytical solution that converges faster to the exact solution by using only few iterates of the recursive relation MSC: 44A10 † 35R70
Effect of extraction solvents on recovery of bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties from macadamia (Macadamia tetraphylla) skin waste

Abstract Macadamia is well known for its high-quality kernel; however, its skin and husk, known as waste, have had limited uses as by-products. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the macadamia nut and to examine the impact of different solvents on the recovery of phenolic compounds (TPC), flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and antioxidant properties of the macadamia skin. The results showed that the kernel, the commercial part, only accounts for about 20% of the nut weight; whereas, the skin or the husk, the waste, account for approximately 40%, revealing that macadamia skin is an abundant starting material for the utilisation of by-products. The type of solvents was found to significantly affect the recovery yields of bioactive compounds from the macadamia skin. The combination of organic solvents, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile and acetone with water (50%, v/v) had the highest recovery yields for TPC, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins as well as the most potent antioxidant properties, followed by absolute methanol, then water. Absolute ethanol, acetonitrile and acetone had the lowest recovery yields. The current study recommended that 50% acetone should be used for the recovery of TPC and flavonoids and 50% ethanol should be used for the extraction of proanthocyanidins from the macadamia skin.
Debiasing Evidence Approximations: On Importance-weighted Autoencoders and Jackknife Variational Inference

The importance-weighted autoencoder (IWAE) approach of Burda et al. defines a sequence of increasingly tighter bounds on the marginal likelihood of latent variable models. Recently, Cremer et al. reinterpreted the IWAE bounds as ordinary variational evidence lower bounds (ELBO) applied to increasingly accurate variational distributions. In this work, we provide yet another perspective on the IWAE bounds. We interpret each IWAE bound as a biased estimator of the true marginal likelihood where for the bound defined on $K$ samples we show the bias to be of order O(1/K). In our theoretical analysis of the IWAE objective we derive asymptotic bias and variance expressions. Based on this analysis we develop jackknife variational inference (JVI), a family of bias-reduced estimators reducing the bias to $O(K^{-(m+1)})$ for any given m