Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motivations behind Attending Fitness Clubs in Bangladesh: A Survey Study on Clubs' Members in Sylhet

Fitness club is a place where people join to have physical exercise. Though it has been practicing from the ancient nomadic lifestyles, the fitness industry is experiencing the boom when Dr. Ken H. Cooper in 1968 released his concepts to prevent the growth of chronic diseases, regular exercise and fitness is essential. This study is descriptive in nature and aims to know the reasons for which the fitness club members attend fitness clubs in Sylhet. 200 members were asked several questions, 99 of whom seems physical exercise improves their health conditions, 81 thinks it develop their self-control, 49 found it as an way to gain status, 79 beliefs it helps to stay away from diabetes. The study will helpful to different individuals interested to practice physical exercise, operators and trainers of fitness clubs and also future researchers. Key words: Fitness club, Motivation, Physical Exercise, Physical Accord.
Asset Allocation: Analysis of Theory and Practice in the Australian Investment Management Industry

Asset allocation is the decision on how much of the investment portfolio to place in each of the broad asset classes (e.g. cash, fixed interest securities, property, equities). It is a key decision area in the investment management industry, where professional investors manage pooled investments. The present research aims to examine any dichotomy between theory and practice of asset allocation in the Australian investment management industry. Studying asset allocation theory and practice in relation to one another may lead to finding ways to improve both. The present research identifies gaps between theory and practice and the reasons for their existence and make recommendations that may help reduce the gap. It surveys the available body of research on Modern Portfolio Theory from the seminal Markowitz mean-variance formulation to subsequent research strands. The present research utilises a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the level of awareness and usage of asset allocation theories and theory-based methods among investment management industry practitioners.
The many faces of postpartum depression.

OBJECTIVE To provide a profile of women suffering from major postpartum depression as assessed by the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS). DESIGN A secondary analysis conducted on a portion of the data collected from an earlier psychometric testing of the PDSS. SETTING Private practice in the San Francisco Bay Area of a marriage and family therapist specializing in perinatal mood disorders. PARTICIPANTS One hundred thirty-three women who were diagnosed with major postpartum depression. INTERVENTION Each mother completed the PDSS followed by a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) diagnostic interview. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Seven dimensions of postpartum depression: sleeping/eating disturbances, anxiety/insecurity, emotional lability, mental confusion, loss of self, guilt/shame, and suicidal thoughts as measured by the PDSS. RESULTS Scores on all seven dimensions of the PDSS were elevated. The three top dimensions were emotional lability, mental confusion, and anxiety/insecurity. The mean total PDSS score of 120 was well beyond the recommended cutoff score of 80 for a positive screen for major postpartum depression. CONCLUSION Clinicians who come in contact with new mothers need to be alert to the range of possible symptoms that postpartum depressed mothers may experience so that these women are not left to suffer in silence.
STUDY ON THE DIVIDEND POLICY ANALYSIS AT FINANCIAL INVESMENT COMPANIES

We developed this study starting from the idea that the actions of the five financial invesment companies represent most of the times, the first option to invest for all categories of investors, from the most “sophisticated” to the ones less familiar in the capital market issues, from small investors up to the institutional investors. We also appreciate that the net profit distribution for general destination issues and for dividends represents nowadays a problem on which the participants in the financial market should meditate. We have chosen for this study financial invesment companies because we think that they are very important and also represent high hopes for the capital market which has a strong interdependence relationship with the economic development.
Production, characterization, cloning and sequence analysis of a monofunctional catalase from Serratia marcescens SYBC08

A monofunctional catalase from Serratia marcescens SYBC08 produced by liquid state fermentation in 7 liter fermenter was isolated and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (ASP), ion exchange chromatography (IEC), and gel filtration (GF) and characterized. Its sequence was analyzed by LC‐MS/MS technique and gene cloning. The highest catalase production (20,289 U · ml–1) was achieved after incubation for 40 h. The purified catalase had an estimated molecular mass of 230 kDa, consisting of four identical subunits of 58 kDa. High specific activity of the catalase (199,584 U · mg–1 protein) was 3.44 times higher than that of Halomonas sp. Sk1 catalase (57,900 U · mg–1 protein). The enzyme without peroxidase activity was found to be an atypical electronic spectrum of monofunctional catalase. The apparent Km and Vmax were 78 mM and 188, 212 per µM H2O2 µM heme–1 s–1, respectivly. The enzyme displayed a broad pH activity range (pH 5.0–11.0), with optimal pH range of 7.0–9.0: It was most active at 20 °C and had 78% activity at 0 °C. Its thermo stability was slightly higher compared to that of commercial catalase from bovine liver. LC–MS/MS analysis confirmed that the deduced amino acid sequence of cloning gene was the catalase sequence from Serratia marcescens SYBC08. The sequence was compared with that of 23 related catalases. Although most of active site residues, NADPH‐binding residues, proximal residues of the heme, distal residues of the heme and residues interacting with a water molecule in the enzyme were well conserved in 23 related catalases, weakly conserved residues were found. Its sequence was closely related with that of catalases from pathogenic bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae. This result imply that the enzyme with high specific activity plays a significant role in preventing those microorganisms of the family Enterobacteriaceae against hydrogen peroxide resulted in cellular damage. Calalase yield by Serratia marcescens SYBC08 has potential industrial application in scavenging hydrogen peroxide. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exponentially Convergent Algorithms for the Operator Exponential with Applications to Inhomogeneous Problems in Banach Spaces

New exponentially convergent algorithms for the operator exponential generated by a strongly positive operator $A$ in a Banach space $X$ are proposed. These algorithms are based on representations by a Dunford--Cauchy integral along paths enveloping the spectrum of $A$ combined with a proper quadrature involving a short sum of resolvents where the choice of the integration path dramatically affects desired features of the algorithms. A parabola and a hyperbola are analyzed as the integration paths, and scales of estimates of dependence on the smoothness of initial data, i.e., of the initial vector and of the inhomogeneous right-hand side, are obtained. One of the algorithms possesses an exponential convergence rate for the operator exponential $e^{-At}$ for all $t\ge 0$ including the initial point. This allows one to construct an exponentially convergent algorithm for inhomogeneous initial value problems. The algorithm is parallelizable. It turns out that the resolvent must be modified in order to get numerically stable algorithms near the initial point. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical examples.
Non-Certainty-Equivalent Adaptive Control of a Nonlinear Aeroelastic System

The development of a non-certainty-equivalent adaptive control system for the control of a nonlinear aeroelastic system is the subject of this paper. The prototypical aeroelastic wing section considered here includes structural nonlinearity and a single control surface for the purpose of control. Its dynamical model has two-degree-of-freedom and describes the plunge and pitch motion. It is assumed that the model parameters (except the sign of one of the control input coefficients) are not known. The uncontrolled aeroelastic model exhibits limit cycle oscillation beyond a critical free-stream velocity. Based on the attractive manifold, and the immersion and invariance methodologies, a non-certainty-equivalent adaptive state variable feedback control law for the trajectory tracking of the pitch angle is derived. Using the Lyapunov analysis, asymptotic convergence of the state variables to the origin is established. It is shown that the trajectory of the system converges to a manifold. The special feature of the designed control system is that the closed-loop system asymptotically recovers the performance of a determinis- tic controller. This cannot happen if certainty-equivalent adaptive controllers are used. Simulation results are presented which show that the control system suppresses the oscillatory responses of the system in the presence of large parameter uncertainties.
Evaluation of growth , carcass , and compound concentrations related to boar taint in boars and barrows

One hundred and sixty LargeWhite x Landrace x Duroc crossbred pigs were assigned randomly to one of two treatments, boar or barrow, to determine gender differences in growth performance, carcass traits, and tissue levels of compounds associated with sex odor. The trial started when pigs reached an average body weight of 18.5 :to.2 kg (40.8HJ.4 Ib). Animals were assigned by gender to four pens in the same room, with 40 animals in each pen. Body weight and backfat were measured approximately every 2 weeks. The feed consumption by each pen of pigs was recorded.Animals were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. Pigs were slaughtered at approximately 95 kg (209 Ib) body weight in four batches at weekly intervals. The first batch was killed 101 days after the onset of the experiment. Backfat and lean percent were measured by the Fat-OMeter@. Samples of backfat and salivary gland were collected at slaughter and frozen at -20°C until subsequently analyzed using colorimetric methods for skatole and 16androstene steroids. Barrows had greater (P < 0.001) average daily gain and consumed more feed daily (P < 0.05) than boars. Boars used less feed per unit of weight gain. Barrows had more backfat (P < 0.000 I) and a lower proportion of lean tissues in the carcass than boars (P < 0.00 I) . Concentrations of 16-androstenes in salivary glands and 5aandrostenone in adipose tissue were higher (P < 0.00 I) in boars than in barrows.There was no difference (P > 0.5) in skatole concentrations in backfat between the two genders. Our data indicate that boars have better feed conversion, less backfat, higher lean percentage, and higher 5aandrostenone and 16-androstene concentrations than barrows. Skatole levels were not affected by gender.
Pyridodiazepine Amines Are Selective Therapeutic Agents for Helicobacter pylori by Suppressing Growth through Inhibition of Glutamate Racemase but Are Predicted To Require Continuous Elevated Levels in Plasma To Achieve Clinical Efficacy

ABSTRACT A pyridodiazepine amine inhibitor of Helicobacter pylori glutamate racemase (MurI) was characterized. The compound was selectively active against H. pylori, and growth suppression was shown to be mediated through the inhibition of MurI by several methods. In killing kinetics experiments, the compound showed concentration-independent activity, with about a 2-log loss of viability in 24 h. A demonstration of efficacy in a mouse infection model was attempted but not achieved, and this was attributed to the failure to attain extended exposure levels above the MIC for >95% of the time. This index and magnitude were derived from pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) studies with amoxicillin, another inhibitor of peptidoglycan biosynthesis that showed slow killing kinetics similar to those of the pyridodiazepine amines. These studies indicate that MurI and other enzymes involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis may be less desirable targets for monotherapy directed against H. pylori if once-a-day dosing is required.
TITLE : Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota 2 3

24 The human gut microbiota comprises approximately 100 trillion microbial cells and has a significant 25 effect on many aspects of human physiology including metabolism, nutrient absorption and immune 26 function. Disruption of this population has been implicated in many conditions and diseases, including 27 examples such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer that are highlighted in 28 this review. A logical extension of these observations suggests that the manipulation of the gut 29 microbiota can be employed to prevent or treat these conditions. Thus, here we highlight a variety of 30 options, including the use of changes in diet (including the use of prebiotics), antimicrobial-based 31 intervention, probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation, and discuss their relative merits with 32 respect to modulating the intestinal community in a beneficial way. 33
The Role of Firm Viability, Creditor Behavior and Judicial Discretion in the Failure of Distressed Firms under Courtsupervised Restructuring: Evidence from Belgium

Unlike Chapter 11 in the U.S., the Belgian reorganization legislation requires that distressed firms remain under court-supervision during plan execution. In principle, the court-supervised post confirmation stage takes a fixed period of 24 months. Using a unique sample of small Belgian firms, we analyze both the likelihood of failure and the time spent before transfer to bankruptcy-liquidation during this post-confirmation stage. More profitable debtors are less likely to fail. If banks are secured by collateral with high liquidation value, debtors are more likely to fail. The mandatory repayment of government debt, like unpaid taxes and social contributions, also renders the distressed firm more likely to fail. Judicial discretion sharply affects the likelihood of failure in a sub sample of individual debtors seeking to preserve a sole proprietorship.
Consumers' product evaluations in emerging markets

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate, in an emerging market, the simultaneous effects of country of design (COD), country of manufacture (COM), and brand image on consumers' perceptions of bi‐national products. A comprehensive model broadens country‐of‐origin literature by incorporating brand image and the concepts of fit and congruity borrowed from brand extension research. Perceptual (in) coherences that might exist among COD, COM, and the brand are incorporated.Design/methodology/approach – Tunisia is the emerging market studied. A total of 389 respondents evaluated different product combinations (COD/COM/brand) in two categories. Relationships between constructs are tested using structural equation modelling.Findings – Consumers are sensitive to the COD (more so for public than for private goods) and also value the COM of branded products. The transfer of the COD image to brand image is significant. It is very high for one product category (cars). Brand/COM congruity is also important.
When gambling is healthy: the restorative potential of casinos

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the positive aspects of casinos, and gambling entertainment in particular, by revealing the health potential of these commercial establishments. In doing so, this work helps explain the affinity of Chinese consumers with gambling. Design/methodology/approach – The authors draw on Attention Restoration Theory to put forth a framework on the restorative potential of a casino on human health and its effects on managerial outcomes. The authors use a sample of 605 Chinese tourists in Macau and use both structural equation modeling and moderation analyses. Findings – Tourists’ ability to sense a casino’s restorative potential is positively related to their well-being and their propensity to view Macau as a value, to spend money in Macau and to revisit Macau. Moderation analyses reveal that tourists may still perceive a casino’s restorative qualities regardless of whether they plan to engage in gambling or other activities, are winning or losing money or reside o.
İlköğretim Öğrencilerinin İnternet Bağımlılığı ve Aile İnternet Tutumu

Arastirmanin amaci ilkogretim ogrencilerinin ailelerinin internet tutumunu belirlemek ve ogrencilerin aile internet tutumu ve internet bagimliliklarinin cesitli degiskenlere gore farklilasip farklilasmadigini incelemektir. Arastirmada genel tarama modellemelerinden biri olan kesitsel tarama modeli kullanilmistir. Arastirmaya 2010–2011 ogretim yilinin ikinci doneminde, Samsun Ili Merkezindeki uc farkli ilkogretim okulunda ikinci kademede ogrenim goren toplam 407 ogrenci ile gerceklestirilmistir. Yapilan bu arastirmayla aile tutumu olcegi Turkce’ye uyarlanmistir. Arastirma kapsaminda 214 aile ihmalkar internet tutumuna, 96 aile musamahakar internet tutumuna, 83 aile demokratik internet tutumuna ve 14 aile otoriter internet tutumuna sahip olarak bulunmustur. Arastirma sonucunda internet bagimliliginda, ihmalkar internet tutumuna sahip olan ailelerin onemli rolu oldugu bulunmustur. Arastirmada aile internet tutumunda cinsiyet, ogrenim gorulen sinif ve internet kullanim becerisinin anlamli degiskenler oldugu bulunmustur.
Overconfident Managers and Internal Controls

We examine the association between managerial overconfidence and internal controls. We hypothesize and find that firms with overconfident managers are more likely to maintain ineffective internal controls. Moreover, we find no evidence that these managers are more able to mitigate the known negative consequences of ineffective internal controls (inefficient investments, lower future operating efficiency, and lower financial reporting quality). We corroborate our main findings by examining changes around CEO turnovers and differential effects of CEO versus CFO overconfidence. We also document that firms with overconfident managers but strong corporate governance are more likely to maintain effective internal controls, and that better managers — as opposed to overconfident managers — are more able to operate effectively despite ineffective controls. Our findings suggest that the threshold for “cost-effective” internal controls will differ across firms based on the characteristics of their management team. This finding should be of interest to researchers, regulators, and market participants.
Smart Contracting for Local Government Services

Privatization of local government is making headlines throughout the world. Scottsdale, Arizona, contracts for fire protection; Baltimore, to run nine city schools; and Chicago and Philadelphia for a range of services from janitors to recreational facilities. The United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia have arguably gone further than the United States. But much of the debate on contracting has been high on politics, philosophy, and emotion with little attention to practical issues of how to do contracting well. The book shifts the debate away from the politics and rhetoric to the practicalities and realities of contracting. The book is concerned with four issues—the role of contracting in government, the appropriateness of different contracting strategies, the process of contracting, and who does the contracting. Drawing on examples in the United States and the United Kingdom, the author considers the historical and cultural context of contracting, where contracting works and where it doesn't, the features of smart contracting, and the conditions that are conducive to smart contracting. The book provides an invaluable guide to those concerned with the practicalities of contracting.
Assessment of the role of antibiotics and enterococcal virulence factors in a mouse model of extraintestinal translocation

ObjectiveTo study the relative contribution of antibiotics and bacterial virulence factors in the process of translocation of Enterococcus faecalis from the gut to extraintestinal organs. DesignProspective controlled animal study. SettingAnimal experimental laboratory at a university medical center. SubjectsFifty-two female Balb/c mice. InterventionsWe developed a mouse model to study the translocation of Enterococcus faecalis from the intestinal tract. Balb/c mice received sterile drinking water or antibiotic combinations to deplete their indigenous intestinal microflora. The animals subsequently were fed genetically engineered enterococci expressing different combinations of the putative enterococcal virulence factors aggregation substance and binding substance. Animals were killed, and their livers, spleens, and mesenteric lymph nodes were aseptically removed and cultured along with fecal samples for enumeration of bacteria. Measurements and Main ResultsAll animals were colonized with the test strains at 2–6 × 109 colony forming units/g of feces; in the antibiotic-treated animals, feces were free from anaerobes and Enterobacteriaceae. In animals fed the identical bacterial mutant, the colony counts in mesenteric lymph nodes were significantly lower in mice not treated with antibiotics than in those treated with antibiotics (p = .016). Multigroup analysis of variance revealed no significant differences of the translocation frequencies for the different mutant strains; however, the differences were statistically significant for all groups receiving antibiotics vs. the group not receiving antibiotics (p < .05–.01). There was a trend (although not statistically significant) for a higher proportion of positive cultures from either spleen or liver in mice that had enterococci recovered from their mesenteric lymph nodes (28%) relative to those that did not have enterococci isolated from the lymph nodes (12%; rate ratio 2.39, p = .30 by logistic regression analysis). ConclusionsOral antibiotics can select for extraintestinal translocation of Enterococcus faecalis, and neither aggregation substance nor binding substance seems to be required for this process. The experiments encourage further exploration of host and microbial factors contributing to translocation and may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of enterococcal infections in patients in intensive care units.
Simulation of the integral electric current characteristics of unsteady-state current passage through liquid dielectrics

The paper presents the technique for computing current-time characteristics of the transient regime, taking place after the pulsed application or change of high voltage, and dynamical current-voltage ones obtained with the voltage sawtooth modulation. The basis of the simulation is the complete set of electrohydrodynamic equations with both the convective and the migration mechanisms of charge transport being taken into account jointly. The numerical calculations were performed using commercial software package COMSOL Multiphysics based on the finite element method. The simulation was carried out for the needle-plane electrode system. The unsteady-state current passage processes, including electrohydrodynamic flow formation, were calculated. The interrelation between the latter and the total current passing through the electrical circuit were investigated. The shape and features of the current-voltage characteristics obtained with the voltage sawtooth modulation were shown to be dependent on the mechanism of charge formation. The qualitative comparison between the simulated dynamical current- voltage characteristics and the original experimental data has shown a good agreement.