Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linkages between the southern Patagonia Pre-Permian basements : new insights from detrital zircons U-Pb SHRIMP ages from the Cerro Negro District

The Patagonian basement rocks are dominated by Precambrian to Early Paleozoic metamorphic rocks intruded by Paleozoic granitoids. Recently discovered basement rocks in the Cerro Negro District are characterized mainly by quartz-muscovite-chlorite schists; the metamorphic grade reaches greenschist facies (biotite-garnet grade) with a regional S1 schistosity subparallel to the original sedimentary structure S0 and a secondary non-penetrative S2 foliation. New detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology shows that maximum depositional ages for detrital zircons are Devonian, ages of 379 ± 4Ma. These results suggest that the Cerro Negro basement rocks are the youngest basement in the Deseado Massif, overlapping some detrital zircon ages in the eastern Andean Metamorphic Complex in the Andean region. Most of detrital zircons are igneous in origin with a major peak around ~396Ma, provably sourced from the Devonian granitoids of the Rio Deseado Complex (El Laurel and Bahia Laura granites) and equivalent northern Patagonia granitoids (e.g. Colan Conhue and Lago Lolog granites). Secondary peaks correspond to Ordovician to Silurian ages, being the Rio Deseado Complex and La Modesta Formation (and their igneous contributors) the possible sources of the zircons. The minor oldest peaks yield Cambrian-Neoproterozoic; Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic-Archean ages, evidencing a common source from the interior of Gondwana. The results provide new insights about the relationships between the pre-Permian metasedimentary rocks of the extra-Andean and Andean region during Mid-Paleozoic ages.
Brexit and the left behind: a tale of two countries

Why did Britain vote for Brexit? What was the relative importance of social class, age, and immigration? And to what extent did the vote for Brexit map on to past campaigns by the UK Independence Party? To answer these questions, Matthew Goodwin and Oliver Heath used aggregate-level data to analyse the Brexit vote in a paper forthcoming in Political Quarterly. They summarise the findings.
Hydrological projections for floods in Norway under a future climate

An ensemble of regional climate scenarios, calibrated hydrological models and flood frequency analyses are used to assess likely changes in hydrological floods under a future climate in Norway for two periods, 2021-2050 and 2071-2100. Analyses are based on detailed modelling for 115 catchments, and changes in the mean annual flood, the 200-year and the 1000- year floods are estimated. Regional guidance for using the projections in climate change adaptation planning is also presented.
The outsourcing of health, sport and physical educational work: a state of play

Background: The outsourcing of health, sport and physical educational (HSPE) work has been a feature of physical education (PE) ‘futures talk’ for over 20 years. However, HSPE work outsourcing has been the focus of little empirical research and only occasional commentary. That small amount of empirical research that has been conducted has been narrow in scope, focusing exclusively on primary schools and at times presented data that are partial and fragmentary. Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to investigate HSPE work outsourcing in the Australian state of Queensland. Specifically, we examined the prevalence of such outsourcing among Queensland schools, the ways that these schools were using it, and the reasons why they had done so. Methods: A random, proportionately stratified sample of 846 Queensland schools was invited to participate in this study. This sample included government and non-government, primary, secondary, combined primary-secondary and special schools. Data were collected via a mixed-mode survey design that was implemented using Internet and paper-copy forms of a context specific 21-item questionnaire. Results: The questionnaire's response rate was 32%. Simple relational analyses of the data demonstrated that: (a) 85% (n = 230) of schools reported outsourcing some form of HSPE work in the previous twelve months; (b) many schools used outsourced HSPE work for outdoor adventure activities and extra-curricular activities; (c) 75% (n = 203) of all respondents engaged in some form of fee-based outsourcing and 83% of all outsourcing arrangements were fee-based; (d) the majority of schools paid for outsourced HSPE work using school funds or by charging participating students; and (e) the most frequently reported reason for outsourcing HSPE work was to access external suppliers' expertise. Conclusions: These data replicate some findings of previous research in a different research context as well as presenting forms of data on HSPE work outsourcing hitherto unreported. Furthermore, they demonstrate the ways in which HSPE work is embedded in broader social, political and economic shifts, particularly changing relations between capital, education and the state. Finally they also serve to prompt critical questions about why HSPE work is outsourced, how it is outsourced and the impact it has on the educational labour process and all those involved in it. We conclude that HSPE work outsourcing is a practice with the potential to significantly disturb labouring, learning and the politics of expertise as they relate to health, sport and physical education.
Effects of earthworms on plant production in the tropics

l Departamento de Biologfa de Suelos, Instituto de Ecologfa, Xalapa, Mexico; 2Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Sols Tropicaux, IRD, Bondy, France; 31NIA, Estacion Experimental San Ramon, Yurimaguas, Peru/Laboratoire de Pedobiologie, IRD, Dakar, SenegaVBenemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Centra de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiol6gicas, Puebla, Mexico; 6 School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, India; 7Laboratoire B.O. s. T. , IRD, Fort-de-France, Martinique; 8Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Lauceston, Tasmania, Australia; 9 CSIRO Davies Laboratory, Aitkenva le, Queensland, Australia
SIMULATIONS OF HOMOEPITAXIAL GROWTH OF PT(111): ISLAND SHAPES AND THE GROWTH MODE

Experimental observations of homoepitaxial growth of Pt(111) have shown a surprising richness of transitions in the island shape and the growth mode as functions of temperature. We present a set of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations capable of reproducing the various observed dendritic and compact island shapes, and the unexpected transition to reentrant layer by layer growth. The simulations are based on the available experimental information, and Effective Medium Theory energy barrier calculations. The variations in island shape are explained in terms of the mobility and stability of adatoms and rows of atoms attached to the island edges, and the transition to reentrant layer-by-layer growth is found to be caused by a transition in the island shape.
Geostatistical Tools for Modeling and Interpreting Ecological Spatial Dependence

Geostatistics brings to ecology novel tools for the interpretation of spatial patterns of organisms, of the numerous environmental components with which they in- teract, and of the joint spatial dependence between organisms and their environment. The purpose of this paper is to use data from the ecological literature as well as from original research to provide a comprehensive and easily understood analysis ofgeostatistics' manner of modeling and methods. The traditional geostatistical tool, the variogram, a tool that is beginning to be used in ecology, is shown to provide an incomplete and misleading summary of spatial pattern when local means and variances change. Use of the non-ergodic covariance and correlogram provides a more effective description of lag-to-lag spatial dependence because the changing local means and variances are accounted for. Indicator transforma- tions capture the spatial patterns of nominal ecological variables like gene frequencies and the presence/absence of an organism and of subgroups of a population like large or small individuals. Robust variogram measures are shown to be useful in data sets that contain many data outliers. Appropriate removal of outliers reveals latent spatial dependence and patterns. Cross-variograms, cross-covariances, and cross-correlograms define the joint spa- tial dependence between co-occurring organisms. The results of all of these analyses bring new insights into the spatial relations of organisms in their environment.
The Diffusion of Market Orientation Throughout the Organization: A Social Learning Theory Perspective

This study examines the diffusion of market orientation (MO) as a social learning process to acquire and transfer individual-level MO. Central to the diffusion are important work-group members, or envoys. Through their market-oriented action, top managers serve as market-oriented role models to two important types of observers in work groups—formal middle managers and work-group expert peers. In turn, these observers become top managers’ envoys and role models of market-oriented behavior to frontline employees. Empirical results from a three-level data set from a Fortune 500 company support this perspective. While envoys who are neither market oriented nor identified with the firm are the least effective, envoys who are not market oriented but are strongly identified with the firm are also detrimental. Network size hinders the informal route of learning through expert peers but not the formal route through middle managers. By identifying who the important work-group envoys are and under what conditions certain envoys are likely to be most effective, this study helps managers select the best envoys to implement MO.
Comparative Studies of Electrical Functioning of Magnetron Power Supply for One Magnetron

In this article we will evaluate a new validation approach of electrical functioning of a microwave generators powering one magnetron. This new energetic validation of π quadruple model with MATLAB-SIMULINK code will lead to validate the nominal functioning of the power supply for one magnetron by compares the signals obtained by simulation with those obtained experimentally. From this model, we will establish the energy balance of power supply for one magnetron and compare the obtained performances with that found by the experiment. Based on the fluxes found by simulation which is in good agreement with that experimentally, we checked the law of fluxes conservation.
Production, Forage Quality, and Performance of Holstein Cows under Intermittent Grazing on Tifton 85

Tropical forage grasses compose the base diet of the Brazilian cattle herd due to their low production cost, high production potential, and good adaptation to various Brazilian ecosystems. In recent years, the search has intensified for alternatives that increase the yield in pasture milk production systems. Thus, the present study evaluated the production and quality of Tifton 85 grass in relation to the production parameters (e.g. greater leaf: stem ratio), and milk quality of Holstein cows in an intermittent grazing system during different seasons of the year. The experiment was conducted at the Corrego da Ponte Farm in Santa Helena de Goias, Goias, Brazil, from April 2014 to March 2015. The experiment used a completely randomized design with nine replicates and the four seasons (fall, winter, spring, and summer) as treatments. The Holstein cows had a live weight of 560±36.8 kg and averages four years of age. The grazing method used was a mob-stocking, with one day of grazing and 19 days of rest. The results showed that Tifton 85 was efficient regarding production parameters (total dry mass) and forage quality (IVDMD, NDF, ADF). The milk production was satisfactory during the fall, spring, and summer. The forage showed limited production during the winter, due the highest NDF, ADF levels and lower IVDMD (P < 0.05), which was directly reflected in the milk yield, fat, protein and lactose (P < 0.05). A reduction in the stocking rate or an increase in the number of paddocks is advisable during the winter to maximize milk production without compromising forage development. The correlation data showed the importance of consuming better-quality forage to increase milk production without compromising the levels of milk solids.
Patterns of protein and carbohydrate accumulation during somatic embryogenesis of Acca sellowiana

Abstract –The aim of this work was to quantify the protein, starch and total sugars levels during histodifferentiation and development of somatic embryos of Acca sellowiana Berg. For histological observations, the samples were dehydrated in a battery of ethanol, embedded in historesin and stained with toluidine blue (morphology), coomassie blue (protein bodies) and periodic acid–Schiff (starch). Proteins were extracted using a buffer solution, precipitated using ethanol and quantified using the Bradford reagent. Total sugars were extracted using a methanol-chloroform-water (12:5:3) solution and quantified by a reaction with anthrone at0.2%. Starch was extracted using a 30% perchloric acid solution and quantified by a reaction with anthrone at0.2%. During the somatic embryogenesis’ in vitro morphogenesis and differentiation processes, the total protein levels decreased and the soluble sugars levels increased during the first 30days in culture and remained stable until the 120 th day. On the other hand, total protein levels increased according to the progression in the developmental stages of the somatic embryos. The levels of total sugars and starch increased in the heart and cotyledonary stages, and decreased in the torpedo and pre-cotyledonary stages. These compounds play a central role in the development of somatic embryos of
Nematicides control rice root-knot, caused by Meloidogyne graminicola

Studies were conducted to determine damage potential of Meloidogyne graminicola on the commonly grown rice cv. Sugandh-5 and to devise an effective management strategy. The nematicides were applied through root-dip (200 ppm solution) and soil application of 2 kg ha-1 phorate 10G (25 mg a.i./pot), carbofuran 3G (83.3 mg a.i./pot and 1 L ha-1), carbosulfan 20EC (5µL/pot) and chlorpyriphos 20 EC (6.25 µL/pot) in both nematode infested and non-infested soil with five modes of application viz., root-dip, single soil application (15 days after transplanting), root-dip + one soil application, two soil applications, and root-dip + two soil applications (15 and 30 days). Application of nematicides did not cause any toxicity symptoms on rice plants. In nematode infested soil, terminal and spiral galls developed on the rice roots, and plants suffered 20−31% decrease in the plant growth parameters. Carbofuran and phorate through root-dip plus single soil application provided greatest suppression in galling (16−20%), egg mass production (18−22%) and soil population (27.5−58.2%) of M. graminicola , and subsequently increased all the plant growth variables by 9−19%. Root-dip + two soil applications increased plant growth and suppressed nematodes, but was equal to root dip + one soil application. Root-dip treatment alone with carbosulfan also significantly suppressed root galling (10−12%) and improved the dry weight of roots and shoots (7−10%).
Role of Construction Sector in Economic Growth: New Evidence from Turkey

After the 2001 financial crisis, Turkey's economy moved full-speed ahead, except for a temporary reversal in 2009 during the global financial crisis. Throughout the years of accelerated growth in 2002-2007 and 2010-2011, construction output increased at a faster rate than the economy as a whole, but in the periods of stagnation in 2001 and 2008-2009, construction industry was the first to suffer. This paper investigates the causal relationship between construction investments and economic growth in Turkey from 1998Q1 to 2014Q4. Unlike the previous studies that use two variable – real GDP and construction industry growth – Granger causality tests, the present study additionally employs three-variable – real GDP growth, construction industry growth, and real interest rate – VAR models to investigate the causal relationships in a multivariate setting. The paper also employs Zivot-Andrews test for determining structural breaks in data and then extends the causality analysis by dividing the seventeen-year sample period into smaller sub-periods that are defined according to the location of breaks in data. The results for the entire sample of 1998-2014 indicate that economic growth in Turkey has preceded construction activities with two- to four-quarters lags, but not vice versa. Hence, unlike the widespread belief that the construction plays a crucial role in Turkey’s economic growth, construction industry is not a driver of GDP growth but a follower of fluctuations in the macro-economy. However, our sub-sample analysis reveals that the causal relationship between economic growth and construction investments varies noticeably across the sub-periods in the national economy. We find that expansion in construction sector caused GDP growth over the last five years. The low interest rate environment with the help of radical changes in urban legislation and city building boosted up the construction industry, which resulted in economic growth in sub-period 2010-2014. Hence, we conclude that the temporary effect of construction industry growth on the GDP growth in the sub-period 2010-2014 is not justified for the overall sample period. Provided that much of the cyclicality in construction investment stems from the sector’s sensitivity to interest rates, we also find that there exists a bidirectional relationship between construction activities and real interest rates both for the entire sample period and for the sub-period 2002-2014. Lastly, construction activities have short-lived effects on the economic growth and thus cannot offer permanent solutions for the economic troubles in Turkey.
Utilization of milk urea concentration as a tool to evaluate dairy herd management

The milk urea (MU) content variation was monitored in fourteen herds over a year to ver- ify the reliability of this parameter as an indicator of the nutritional protein status of dairy cows. The relationships between MU concentrations and the nutritional value of the feed, pasture characteristics and lactation parameters were also investigated. For the single regressions, the average MU concen- tration had a positive relationship (R 2 = 0.42) with the difference between degradable proteins and fermentable energy (OEB) in the rumen, while the combination of crude protein (CP), net energy (VEM) and week of lactation (WL) more accurately explains the MU variation. The regression of MU prediction obtained with the data file of 14 farms was as follows: MU (mg·dL -1 ) = 2.56 + 0.130 CP (g·d -1 ) - 0.00154 VEM (g·d -1 ) + 0.407 WL (weeks) (R 2 = 0.52; s = 6.933; n = 250). This model was significant (P < 0.05) for eleven herds out of fourteen. The results of this study suggest that MU content depends essentially on the protein/energy balance of the diet but that many other fac- tors can influence ureogenesis. urea / milk / dairy cows
Nitrous oxide in coastal waters

We determined atmospheric and dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) in the surface waters of the central North Sea, the German Bight, and the Gironde estuary. The mean saturations were 104 ± 1% (central North Sea, September 1991), 101 ± 2% (German Bight, September 1991), 99 ± 1% (German Bight September 1992), and 132% (Gironde estuary, November 1991). To evaluate the contribution of coastal areas and estuaries to the oceanic emissions we assembled a compilation of literature data. We conclude that the mean saturations in coastal regions (with the exception of estuaries and regions with upwelling phenomena) are only slightly higher than in the open ocean. However, when estuarine and coastal upwelling regions are included, a computation of the global oceanic N2O flux indicates that a considerable portion (approximately 60%) of this flux is from coastal regions, mainly due to high emissions from estuaries. We estimate, using two different parameterizations of the air-sea exchange process, an annual global sea-to-air flux of 11–17 Tg N2O. Our results suggest a serious underestimation of the flux from coastal regions in widely used previous estimates.
Effect of chitosan coatings on the quality of persimmon under commercial storage conditions.

The chitosan coating effectiveness for enhancing the shelf life and retaining the carotenoids content of persimmons under commercial storage was investigated. Persimmons ( Diospyros kaki L.) var. “Kyoto” were disinfected, immersed, drained, dried at room temperature, packaged and stored in a controlled temperature chamber. Physical and chemical properties were measured. The coating application reduced significantly the hue angle values compared with the control which suggests a slight ripening by the coating effect. Finally, the analysis of the carotenoid concentration for the five specific carotenoids determined that the β-cryptoxanthin was the most abundant pigment and it was not significantly differences during the storage and coating application. The storage time did not influence the carotenoid content for uncoated samples excluding the α-carotene analysis. The chitosan coating influenced on the lutein and zeaxanthin concentration during the last storage and on the α-carotene and β-carotene concentration for some cases.
Constituent Ordering in Persian and the Weight Factor

Studies on constituent ordering have pointed out the tendency to post-pose heavy constituents. However, head-nal languages seem to display the mirror-image tendency. In this paper, we present corpus data on the relative order between the direct object (DO) and the indirect object (IO) in Persian, an SOV language. Our study shows a similar effect in Persian; however, relative length plays a secondary role, since the position of the DO mainly depends on its degree of determination.
Signal-to-noise ratio analysis to estimate ocean wave heights from X-band marine radar image time series

This work analyses the structure of the different contributions to the image spectrum derived by the three-dimensional Fourier decomposition of sea clutter time series measured by ordinary X-band marine radars. The goal of this investigation is to derive a method to estimate the significant wave height of the ocean wave fields imaged by the radar. The proposed method is an extension of a technique developed for the analysis of ocean wave fields by using synthetic aperture radar systems. The basic idea behind this method is that the significant wave height is linearly dependent on the square root of the signal-to-noise ratio, where the signal is assumed as the radar analysis estimation of the wave spectral energy and the noise is computed as the energy due to the sea surface roughness, which is closely related to the speckle of the radar image. The proposed method to estimate wave heights is validated using data sets of sea clutter images measured by a marine radar and significant wave heights derived from measurements taken by a buoy used as reference sensor.
TIME-RESOLVED SHIELDED-PICKUP MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING OF BEAM CONDITIONING EFFECTS ON ELECTRON CLOUD BUILDUP AT CESRTA

The Cornell Electron Storage Ring Test Accelerator program includes investigations into electron cloud buildup in vacuum chambers with various coatings. Two 1.1-mlong sections located symmetrically in the east and west arc regions are equipped with BPM-like pickup detectors shielded against the direct beam-induced signal. They detect cloud electrons migrating through an 18-mm-diameter pattern of 0.76 mm-diameter holes in the top of the chamber. A digitizing oscilloscope is used to record the signals, providing time-resolved information on cloud development. We present new measurements of the effect of beam conditioning on a newly-installed amorphous carbon coated chamber, as well as on an extensively conditioned chamber with a diamond-like carbon coating. The ECLOUD modeling code is used to quantify the sensitivity of these measurementsto modelparameters, differentiating between photoelectron and secondary-electron production processes.