Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How midwifery students experience learning conditions in labor wards

Midwives are responsible for the well-being of women and babies during labor and birth. Learning midwifery is complex and challenging, and how students are welcomed into the labor wards affects learning. This study aimed to identify and explain the conditions that affected midwifery students’ learning in labor wards and their consequences. We used classical grounded theory to analyze longitudinal data from 15 individual and three focus group interviews of 10 postgraduate midwifery students in Norway.The key conditions identified that affect the learning outcomes of midwifery students were related to the students’ relationships with midwives, the students themselves and the learning arena. Tailored assignments from midwives enhanced students’ learning and apprehensive relationships with midwives inhibited learning. Midwives played a key role in facilitating students’ learning by tailoring their learning opportunities and debriefing after challenging incidents and thus smoothed how students’ emotions affect their self-esteem and learning process.
Perceived Variability, Category Size, and the Relative Effectiveness of "Leading Brand" Versus "Best in Class" Comparative Advertising Claims

Direct comparative ads map an advertised brand to a specific strategically-selected competing brand (e.g., “Visa is better than American Express”; “Pepsi is better than Coke”), and indirect comparative ads imply superiority to other brands without mention-ing any specific competing brands by name (e.g., “Benadryl Al-lergy Relief is 54% more effective than the leading prescription antihistamine”; “Chevy is the biggest truck in its class”, and “You are more certain of safe delivery of your urgent documents with FedEx than with other carriers”). Two major types of indirect comparative ads are frequently used: “Better than the Leading brand” indirect comparative ads state that the advertised brand is better than the leading member of the product category, and “Best in class” indirect comparative ads state that the advertised brand is generally the best brand in the product category. “Leading brand” indirect comparative ads invite consumers to compare the advertised brand to a specific instance or member of a product category, whereas “Best in class” indirect comparative ads encourage consumers to compare the advertised brand to a global abstraction-based representation of a product category. Our research investi-gates the antecedents and consequences of instance- versus abstrac-tion-based comparative processing. It is proposed in the paper that exposure effects to these different indirect comparative ads are moderated by two factors: (1) perceived variability or the perceived dispersion of category instances around the prototype or the abstraction of the central tendency of category members on a given attribute (Park and Hastie 1987) and (2) category size. When perceived variability is high, consumers focus on specific instances and engage in confirmatory search, regardless of category size (Mussweiler 2003; Sanbonmatsu, Posavac, Vanous, and Ho 2005). “Leading brand” claims are likely
Clinical Correlation of a Clostridium difficile Testing Algorithm Reflexing PCR Positive Specimens to Toxin Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)

Abstract Background An algorithm promoted in the United Kingdom reflexes specimens positive for C. difficile by a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) to toxin EIA. Samples positive by NAAT and negative by toxin EIA are reported as “C. difficile could be present (ie, potential C. difficile excretor). ” We explored the potential utility of this algorithm to distinguish C. difficile infection (CDI) from colonization compared with retrospective clinical assessment. Methods Liquid stool specimens (n = 300) from inpatients (or the Emergency Department) submitted to the Cleveland Clinic Microbiology laboratory for C. difficile PCR testing (Cepheid Xpert C. difficile/Epi) with positive results were included in the study. The CDIFF QUICK CHEK COMPLETE GDH/toxin EIA assay (Alere) was performed according to manufacturer’s instructions. The charts of all patients were reviewed by Infectious Diseases physicians blinded to the EIA results. Using the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) classification system, CDI status was determined to be mild, moderate, severe, or complicated. Patients without significant diarrhea (<3 unformed stools / 24 hours) were considered colonized. Those without documentation of stools were classified as indeterminate. Correlation of clinical assessment with EIA results was assessed. Results Most of the PCR positive specimens (75%) were toxin EIA negative. Correlation of clinical assessment with toxin EIA is summarized in the table below. Among patients colonized vs. those with CDI, the percentages with negative toxin EIA results were 80% and 73%, respectively. GDH antigen results were negative for 25 specimens—17 were from patients considered to have CDI. C. difficile PCR positive specimens Clinical Assessment Toxin EIA positive Toxin EIA negative (No.) No. Row % No. Row % Indeterminate (11) 1 9.0 10 90.9 Colonized (39) 8 20.5 31 79.5 CDI (250) 67 26.8 183 73.2 Mild (47) 10 21.3 37 78.7 Moderate (68) 21 30.9 47 69.1 Severe (26) 6 23.1 20 76.9 Complicated (109) 30 27.5 79 72.5 Total (300) 76 25.3 224 74.7 Conclusion Toxin EIA performed on samples positive for C. difficile by PCR does not reliably identify patients considered to have CDI with ACG criteria applied. GDH as an initial screen would not have detected 6.8% of patients with CDI. Disclosures S. S. Richter, bioMerieux: Investigator, Research support; BD Diagnostics: Investigator, Research support; Roche: Investigator, Research support; BioFire: Investigator, Research support; OpGen: Investigator, Research support
Institutional investors, firm performance, and the prospects for socially responsible investing: Evidence from New Zealand

Abstract Purpose – The global surge in institutional investors in the past decade or so has aroused interest in the role institutions play, or should play, in regard to the monitoring of the company financial performance. This study explores the nature of the relationship that exists between institutional ownership, corporate governance, and company financial performance. Methodology/approach – Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression technique on 391 company-year observations between 2005 and 2010 to examine the nature of the relationship that exists between firm performance (PER) and ownership variables, and test whether this relationship is significant. Findings – Our evidence provides support for the view that top five institutional shareholders take a longer-term view and are more involved with governance suggesting that the size of shareholdings has an effect when it comes to monitoring managerial decisions. Research limitations/implications – Due to the small sample size, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results of this study. Also, it is to be noted that this study is based on a small country with an open capital market where there is high proportion of institutional ownership. Practical implications – The results provide useful insights into the role different types of institutional investors play in terms of enhancing both governance and firm performance. Our analyses suggest that in mitigating principal-agent conflicts, size of ownership has an influence. Originality/value of chapter – Our study adds to the literature by focusing on the role institutional investors’ play in New Zealand. Our study adds to the theory by showing that ownership type is important for mitigating agency conflicts.
Balance and Sequence in Online Reviews: The Wrap Effect

We investigate the impact of balance (the ratio of positive to negative reviews) and sequence (the order in which reviews are presented) of online review sets on consumers' recall of and impression about the reviews. Results show that, in a positive or negative balance, consumers rely on the majority's opinion in shaping recall and impression. In a neutral balance, where no dominant opinion is available, sequence effects influence recall and impression. The results provide evidence of a wrap effect: starting and concluding (wrapping) a set with positive (negative) reviews biases recall and impression toward the positive (negative) direction. In addition, wrapping is capable of generating an equally positive (negative) impression as positively (negatively) balanced sets. Review recall affects the attitude and intention toward the product indirectly through its effect on the reader's impression of the reviews.
A design procedure for overlapped guaranteed cost controllers

Abstract In this paper a quadratic guaranteed cost control problem for a class of linear continuous-time state-delay systems with norm-bounded uncertainties is considered. We will suppose that the systems are composed by two overlapped subsystems but the results can be easily extended to any number of subsystems. The main objective is to design overlapping guaranteed cost controllers with tridiagonal gain matrices for these kind of systems by using a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. With this idea in mind, we present a design strategy to reduce the computational burden and to increase the feasibility in the LMI problem. In this context, the use of so-called complementary matrices play an important role. A simple example to illustrate the advantages achieved by using the proposed method is supplied.
The Proton's Absolute Aqueous Enthalpy and Gibbs Free Energy of Solvation from Cluster-Ion Solvation Data

A method is presented to determine the absolute hydration enthalpy of the proton, ΔHaq°[H+], from a set of cluster-ion solvation data without the use of extra thermodynamic assumptions. The absolute proton hydration enthalpy has been found to be ∼50 kJ/mol different than traditional values and has been more precisely determined (by about an order of magnitude). Conventional ion solvation properties, based on the standard heat of formation of H+(aq) set to zero, have been devised that may be confusing to the uninitiated but are useful in thermochemical evaluations because they avoid the unnecessary introduction of the larger uncertainties in our knowledge of absolute values. In a similar strategy, we have motivated the need for a reassessment of ΔHaq°[H+] by the trends with increased clustering in conventional cluster-ion solvation enthalpy differences for pairs of oppositely charged cluster ions. The consequences of particular preferred values for ΔHaq°[H+] may be evaluated with regard to cluster-ion prop.
Addressing Quality of Life Issues in Adolescents: Social Skills Interventions

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether social skills training can improve the social interaction skills of adolescents with craniofacial conditions (CFCs) in a natural environment (school lunchroom). Design This study used a pre-post between-group comparison design. Differences between treatment and control subjects were analyzed via a repeated measures analysis of variance. Setting The observations were conducted in the respective school lunchrooms of the adolescents. Social skills groups were conducted in an outpatient clinic setting. Main Outcome Measures Structured data based on 45 minutes of observation was coded for type, frequency, and duration of social contact. Specific measures included subject initiations and responses, peer initiations and responses, conversation events, total positive communication, and frequency of nondirected comments. Results Both target and peer-controlled total communication improved across time with adolescents receiving social skills intervention showing significantly more improvement than those adolescents not receiving direct social skills interventions. Adolescents receiving treatment participated in significantly more target initiated conversations lasting at least three interchanges and showed a trend toward a greater frequency of target initiations and positive responses to peer initiations. Peers were more likely to respond to treatment subject initiations after intervention. Fewer treatment subjects used nondirected communication, whereas control subjects continued to use nondirected communication at a slightly increased frequency. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that social skills training can increase the frequency of positive social interactions with peers for adolescents with CFCs.
Valuation of Generation Assets: A Real Option Approach

Real options have for almost three decades existed as a prominent feature of capital budgeting. The technique of incorporating the value of flexibility in project and business evaluation by applying tools from financial option valuation has been widely accepted and applied as an innovation within the academy. Nevertheless, surveys show that in business practice the real option approach is only used in a limited way when assessing project and business values. Few firms have followed the academic recommendations to use this technique. How can this paradox be explained? This paper summarizes the current status of real option application and further discusses this issue by taking into consideration institutional theory. Moreover, by illustrating the use of real options in the Norwegian generation industry, the paper suggests when and how real options are relevant, and also when obvious limitations exist regarding the relevance of this valuation technique.
The effect of ownership structure on firm performance : a study of Norwegian listed firms

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance, treating ownership concentration and owner identity as separate, but dependent dimensions of ownership structure. We use a large sample of quarterly data from nonfinancial companies at the Oslo Stock Exchange in the period 2001-2007. Using three different econometric approaches motivated by previous studies, we cannot conclude (econometrically) that ownership concentration influences firm performance, measured by Tobin’s Q. These findings are in line with previous research on Norwegian data. However, our results on owner identity differ. We find that when international investors hold large fractions of the stocks, or an international owner is the largest shareholder, firm performance is positively affected. The corresponding relationship between government ownership and firm performance is negative. Our findings therefore indicate that including owner identity as a dimension of ownership concentration could increase the insights into the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance.
Inversion‐recovery‐prepared SSFP for cardiac‐phase‐resolved delayed‐enhancement MRI

Delayed‐enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE‐MRI) can be used to visualize myocardial infarction (MI). DE‐MRI is conventionally acquired with an inversion‐recovery gradient‐echo (IR‐GRE) pulse sequence that yields a single bright‐blood image. IR‐GRE imaging requires an accurate estimate of the inversion time (TI) to null the signal from the myocardium, and a separate cine acquisition is required to visualize myocardial wall motion. Simulations were performed to examine the effects of a steady‐state free precession (SSFP) readout after an inversion pulse in the setting of DE‐MRI. Using these simulations, a segmented IR‐SSFP sequence was optimized for infarct visualization. This sequence yields both viability and wall motion images over the cardiac cycle in a single breath‐hold. Viability images at multiple effective TIs are produced, providing a range of image contrasts. In a study of 11 patients, IR‐SSFP yielded infarct sizes and left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEFs) similar to those obtained by IR‐GRE and standard SSFP, respectively. IR‐SSFP images yielded improved visualization of the infarct‐blood border because of the simultaneous nulling of healthy myocardium and blood. T 1* recovery curves were extracted from IR‐SSFP images and showed excellent qualitative agreement with theoretical simulations. Magn Reson Med 58:365–372, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two Market Forces in Asset Prices

This paper utilizes Black's (1972) zero-beta CAPM to derive an alternative form dubbed the ZCAPM. The ZCAPM posits that asset prices are a function of market risk composed of two components: average market returns and cross-sectional market volatility. Market risk associated with average market returns in the CAPM market model is known as beta risk. We refer to market risk related to cross-sectional market volatility as zeta risk. Using U.S. stock returns from January 1965 to December 2015, out-of-sample cross-sectional asset pricing tests show that both market forces in the ZCAPM are significantly priced. For example, using beta-zeta sorted portfolios, the market prices of beta and zeta risks have t-values of 11.2 and 23.1, respectively, which far exceed the significance of any previous cross-sectional tests of various factors in asset pricing models. These and other empirical tests lead us to conclude that the ZCAPM represents a major breakthrough in asset pricing models.
EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND INTERNAL MECHANISMS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM CHILEAN FIRMS

We analyze the ability of the capital structure and the ownership structure as mechanisms of control of the managers of the firms and to reduce their accounting discretionary power for a sample of Chilean firms. Using earnings management and abnormal accruals as indicators of discretionary behavior, our results show that both debt and ownership concentration reduce the managers’ discretionary behavior, so we corroborate the outstanding role both mechanisms play in a country with low protection of investors’ rights. At the same time, we find that earnings management is fostered by institutional investor ownership.
METHOTREXATE-INDUCED HEPATIC INJURY IN AN ADULT. A CASE REPORT.

In 1948 methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist, was introduced by Farber and his associates as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of leukemia. 1 Since that time many clinical and experimental studies have shown the folic acid antagonist to be of variable benefit in the treatment of a number of neoplasms, 2-7 as well as the epidermal hyperplastic disorder, psoriasis. 8 The folic acid antagonists have produced undesirable side effects in many cases because of a narrow margin of safety between therapeutic and toxic dosages. Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, stomatitis, and gastrointestinal ulcerations have been reported following this mode of therapy. 1,2,4,9,10,12 Skin rashes, alopecia, and erythrocytic macrocytosis with a megaloblastic bone marrow have also occurred. 1,2,11,12 A rare complication following treatment with folic acid antagonists is periportal fibrosis of the liver. In 1955 Colsky reported the occurrence of hepatic fibrosis in children with acute leukemia, following treatment with methotrexate.
The relationship between level of processing and hippocampal–cortical functional connectivity during episodic memory formation in humans

New episodic memory traces represent a record of the ongoing neocortical processing engaged during memory formation (encoding). Thus, during encoding, deep (semantic) processing typically establishes more distinctive and retrievable memory traces than does shallow (perceptual) processing, as assessed by later episodic memory tests. By contrast, the hippocampus appears to play a processing‐independent role in encoding, because hippocampal lesions impair encoding regardless of level of processing. Here, we clarified the neural relationship between processing and encoding by examining hippocampal–cortical connectivity during deep and shallow encoding. Participants studied words during functional magnetic resonance imaging and freely recalled these words after distraction. Deep study processing led to better recall than shallow study processing. For both levels of processing, successful encoding elicited activations of bilateral hippocampus and left prefrontal cortex, and increased functional connectivity between left hippocampus and bilateral medial prefrontal, cingulate and extrastriate cortices. Successful encoding during deep processing was additionally associated with increased functional connectivity between left hippocampus and bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and right temporoparietal junction. In the shallow encoding condition, on the other hand, pronounced functional connectivity increases were observed between the right hippocampus and the frontoparietal attention network activated during shallow study processing. Our results further specify how the hippocampus coordinates recording of ongoing neocortical activity into long‐term memory, and begin to provide a neural explanation for the typical advantage of deep over shallow study processing for later episodic memory. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Classification of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia on basis of BCR-ABL transcript level at 3 months fails to identify patients with low organic cation transporter-1 activity destined to have poor imatinib response.

TO THEEDITOR:TherecentarticlebyMarinetal 1 indicatesthata single measurement of BCR-ABL transcript at 3 months is the most accurate way to identify patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) who are likely to respond poorly to imatinib therapy. Although the authors identified relevant prognostic levels of BCR-ABL at 3, 6, and 9 months, they found that a BCR-ABL level of greater than 10% at 3 months provided the overall best classifier for patientswhoweredestinedtohaveapoorresponsetotyrosinekinase inhibitor therapy (termed as high-risk patients). The authors argue that the 3-month BCR-ABL level is therefore the only measure that is neededtoidentifypatientswhoareatriskofexperiencingfailurefrom imatinib therapy and who may therefore benefit from a different therapeutic approach. We have previously identified that the functional activity of the organic cation transporter-1 (OCT-1) protein (OCT-1 activity) provides a strong predictor of both short- 2-4 and long-term 5 molecular response in patients with CP-CML who are treated with imatinib therapy. A determination of OCT-1 activity at diagnosis provides a strong potential tool for the up-front individualization of patient therapy to attain maximal therapeutic outcomes. Analysis of patients who were enrolled onto the Therapeutic Intensification in de-novo Leukaemia(TIDELI)study 6 demonstratethatthosewithlowOCT-1
Strategic Information Disclosure and Bank Lending

We study private firms’ strategic disclosure of financial statements in shaping bank lending decisions and structuring debt contracts in informationally opaque credit markets. Using a unique dataset of loan applications by small businesses to a large bank, we document that the availability of financial statement disclosures by small businesses increases their credit access. Results from debt contract design analyses based on details of booked loans document that such disclosures are significant in pricing loans and in determining collateral requirements, as well as influencing the bank’s ex post monitoring of loan performance. For all these analyses, we also use a staggered regulatory change across states, in disclosure requirements for publicly held companies, as an exogenous shock, and demonstrate the impact on various aspects of small business lending due to private firms’ disclosure choices in response to such disclosure externalities from the public sector.