Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Case of Tuberculous Infection of the Maxillary Sinus

TUBERCULOUS infection of the accessory nasal sinuses is rare. Only twenty cases had been reported up to 1907 (Gleitsmann), and from then to 1938 six further cases were added (Hore and Kirchenberger, 1949). Even more rare is the occurrence of this lesion without an accompanying involvement of the nose and nasopharynx, as was found in the following case. The patient, a married woman aged 30, was referred for dental treatment in July, 1952, complaining of a painless swelling of one month's duration in her right cheek. Her general health was good and she gave no history of nasal trouble, other than a slight cold in the head about one month prior to the appearance of the swelling in her cheek. The tumour was not considered to be due to dental disease and she was accordingly referred to the ear, nose and throat department. On examination in this clinic the nasal passages and nasopharynx were found to be healthy. In the right cheek, however, there was a mass about the size of a pigeon's egg, with a well-defined lower border and ill-defined upper border, which appeared to be adherent to the periosteum of the maxilla below the level of the zygoma. The skin of the cheek was not adherent to this mass. X-ray examination showed a slight clouding of the right maxillary sinus and no abnormality of the other paranasal sinuses. There was no evidence of dental cyst or retained tooth roots. Routine blood examination gave normal results and the Laughlan and Kahn tests were negative. A provisional diagnosis was made of neoplasm—probably sarcoma. Atoperation an incision was made in the mucous membrane of the mouth above the molar and pre-molar region in the right upper jaw. The incision was carried down to the bone, the soft tissues being reflected from the canine wall of the right maxillary antrum. The bone of the canine wall was found to be rough and stippled in appearance, and in some parts was reduced to the thickness of a sheet of paper. The greater part ofthe tumour was then dissected from the soft tissue of the cheek. The cavity of the right maxillary antrum was opened through the canine fossa, and found to contain a thick hyperplastic mucous membrane, particularly along the alveolar border of the antrum. This mucous membrane was stripped easily from the wall of the antrum. The wound was closed by interrupted catgut sutures, a small drainage opening being left from the antrum to the inferior meatus of the nose. Histological examination of the tissue revealed massive proliferative tuberculous infection throughout, with many giant cell systems. The sections were negative to examination by polarized light (Figs. 1 and 2). There was no evidence of fungal infection.
An empirical-table based FET model

A new large signal field effect transistor (FET) model combining empirical and table based models was developed and investigated experimentally. The Chalmers empirical model was used as a spline function for the table based model. Combining models improves accuracy and simplifies and speeds extraction. The procedure can be applied for other types of devices.
HTLV-1 HBZ Viral Protein: A Key Player in HTLV-1 Mediated Diseases

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic human retrovirus that has infected 10–15 million people worldwide. After a long latency, 3–5% of infected individuals will develop either a severe malignancy of CD4+ T cells, known as Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) or a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease of the nervous system designated Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy (HAM/TSP). The precise mechanism behind HTLV-1 pathogenesis still remains elusive. Two viral regulatory proteins, Tax-1 and HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ) are thought to play a critical role in HTLV-1-associated diseases. Tax-1 is mainly involved in the onset of neoplastic transformation and in elicitation of the host’s inflammatory responses; its expression may be lost during cell clonal proliferation and oncogenesis. Conversely, HBZ remains constantly expressed in all patients with ATL, playing a role in the proliferation and maintenance of leukemic cells. Recent studies have shown that the subcellular distribution of HBZ protein differs in the two pathologies: it is nuclear with a speckled-like pattern in leukemic cells and is cytoplasmic in cells from HAM/TSP patients. Thus, HBZ expression and distribution could be critical in the progression of HTLV-1 infection versus the leukemic state or the inflammatory disease. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the role of HBZ in HTLV-1 related diseases, highlighting the new perspectives open by the possibility of studying the physiologic expression of endogenous protein in primary infected cells.
Prognostic Significance of Various Biochemical Parameters in Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning

Background: Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are a heterogeneous group of insecticides widely used in agricultural industry. These OP compounds are likely to have more adverse effects in developing countries like India due to its easy availability and less awareness which results in high morbidity and mortality. Aims and objectives: 1. To estimate plasma cholinesterase, amylase, lipase and, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in acute OP poisoning. 2. To correlate these biochemical parameters with plasma cholinesterase levels in OP poisoning. 3. To determine the use of a biochemical marker in predicting the severity of acute OP poisoning. Materials and Methods: A hospital based observational study was conducted on 53 subjects who have clinically diagnosed of acute OP poisoning and admitted in emergency unit of a tertiary care rural hospital. Subjects of either gender of all age-groups were included in the study. On admission, plasma cholinesterase, serum amylase, lipase and CPK were measured. Based on plasma cholinesterase activity at the time of admission, subjects were divided into three groups. Group I-having 20-50% of plasma cholinesterase activity; Group II-10-20% of plasma cholinesterase activity; and group III-<10% of plasma cholinesterase activity. Results: Serum amylase, lipase and CPK were negatively correlated with plasma cholinesterase levels. Serum amylase showed statistically significant negative correlation with plasma cholinesterase. Serum amylase showed the highest diagnostic accuracy for assessing severity of poisoning followed by CPK and Lipase. Conclusion: OP poisoning is associated with hyperamylasemia. Serum amylase, lipase and CPK can be used as an additional prognostic indicator with plasma cholinesterase levels. Serum amylase could be considered as a better predictor of severity followed by CPK and lipase.
Rhetorical Classification of Anchor Text for Citation Recommendation

Wouldn't it be helpful if your text editor automatically suggested papers that are contextually relevant to your work? We concern ourselves with this task: we desire to recommend contextually relevant citations to the author of a paper. A number of rhetorical annotation schemes for academic articles have been developed over the years, and it has often been suggested that they could find application in Information Retrieval scenarios such as this one. In this paper we investigate the usefulness for this task of CoreSC, a sentence-based, functional, scientific discourse annotation scheme (e.g. Hypothesis, Method, Result, etc.). We specifically apply this to anchor text, that is, the text surrounding a citation, which is an important source of data for building document representations. By annotating each sentence in every document with CoreSC and indexing them separately by sentence class, we aim to build a more useful vector-space representation of documents in our collection. Our results show consistent links between types of citing sentences and types of cited sentences in anchor text, which we argue can indeed be exploited to increase the relevance of recommendations.
[Incidence, prevalence, and mortality estimates for chronic atrial fibrillation in Turkish adults].

OBJECTIVES We investigated the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) in Turkish adults. STUDY DESIGN In a prospective and cross-sectional design, we analyzed 3,450 eligible participants (1707 men, 1743 women; mean age 52+/-13 years) of the Turkish Adult Risk Factor Study, who had been surveyed until 2006/07. Those who were dead and were found to have AF at baseline were excluded in the estimation of AF prevalence and incidence, respectively. RESULTS Atrial fibrillation was determined in 67 participants. The total follow-up was 34,100 person-years (mean 9.9 years). There were 43 prevalent and 46 incident cases, which corresponded to 1.25% and 1.35 per 1000 person-years, respectively. For age brackets of 32-59, 60-69, and > or =70 years, the prevalence rates were 0.46%, 2.09%, and 2.49%, and the incidence rates were 0.31, 1.98, and 3.50 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Both were higher in women of all age groups, with female-to-male ratios for overall prevalence and incidence being 1.69 and 1.19, respectively. Survival after onset of AF was 5 to 9 years and overall mortality was 6.8 per 100 person-years. Hypertension was the most common cause of AF, followed by advanced age. Contrary to expectations, waist circumference of men with AF was smaller by 1.9 cm than that of women. Serum C-reactive protein levels in men with AF (mean 1.21 mg/l) were significantly lower than women with AF (mean 2.62 mg/l) and than males without AF (mean 1.78 mg/l). CONCLUSION In Turkish adults, the current incidence and prevalence of chronic AF can be extrapolated to be 35,000 per year (22,000 in women) and 310,000 (200,000 in women), respectively. Considering the low incidence in males, it seems that inflammatory processes may play a minor role in the development of AF in Turkish men.
Mechanisms of myogenic enhancement by norepinephrine.

Mechanisms contributing to the ability of norepinephrine (NE) to enhance arteriolar myogenic responsiveness were studied in the rat cremaster muscle. Anesthetized rats were enclosed in an airtight box that could be pressurized to increase intravascular pressure in the cremaster, which was exteriorized into a tissue bath. Vessel diameter, intravascular pressure, and red cell velocity were measured in the first-order (1A) arteriole during box pressure increases of 10, 20, and 30 mmHg. Control arterioles [diameter = 113 +/- 3 (SE) microns] did not exhibit myogenic constriction in response to step increases in intravascular pressure (e.g., + 30 mmHg, diameter = 122 +/- 5 microns), whereas after 25% constriction with NE (diameter = 85 +/- 2 microns) arterioles exhibited significant myogenic constriction (e.g., +30 mmHg, diameter = 70 +/- 4 microns). The NE effect on myogenic reactivity was augmented by Ca2+ channel agonists and inhibited by antagonists, suggesting a role for voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. In contrast to NE, exposure to KCl (30 mM) did not enhance myogenic responsiveness, suggesting that factors in addition to voltage-operated channels were involved in the NE effect. The protein kinase C (PKC) activator indolactam (1 microM) was found to increase vascular tone in the 1A arterioles (diameter = 109 +/- 6 to 89 +/- 7 microns) and to induce significant myogenic responsiveness similar to that produced by NE (e.g., +30 mmHg, diameter = 65 +/- 9 microns). Staurosporine (0.1 microM) and calphostin C (1 microM), inhibitors of PKC, significantly attenuated the NE-induced myogenic response. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Psychological biases and the capital structure decisions : a literature review

Each decision-making process is an important cognitive and emotional process which is open to the emotional effect. Individuals decide to make a decision about a future uncertainty that makes them feel good, or maximally good by minimizing the loss to gain ratio. Recent researches in finance have argued that the capital structure decisions and firms’ funding and strategic choices deviate from the traditional neoclassical paradigm. However there is a nascent empirical literature that has exposed interesting evidence of the effects of managerial behavioral biases. In this context, managers’ decisions, that to create the capital structure, have a vital importance for the company. The behavioral finance (BF) approach may be revealed useful results in the process of solving decision-makers’ behaviors and thoughts. In this context the purpose of this study is to reveal if the managers are affected by their behavioral characteristics in the process of the financing decision-making, based on the findings of studies in the literature. From this point of view behavioral finance literature, which is about the financing and capital structure decisions, is investigated. As a result, theoretical and empirical analyses, in the literature, show that managers’ biases play an important role to explain the capital structure choice.
Nonsensory neglect from parietotemporal lesions in monkeys

Monkeys trained to perform with the extremity contralateral to a stimulus had unilateral neglect induced by a parietotemporal lesion. Their performance was normal postoperatively when stimulated on the side contralateral to the lesion, but they made errors when stimulated on the normal side (the side ipsilateral to the lesion), often failing to use the extremity on the neglected side (the side contralateral to the lesion). Although we expected parietotemporal lesions to induce sensory neglect (failure to respond to contralateral stimuli), we could show only that these animals had a defect of intention (contralateral hypokinesia). In this respect, neglect induced by parietotemporal lesions is similar to that induced by frontal or medial thalamic lesions.
Interactions of the iron and phosphorus cycles: A three‐dimensional model study

We use an ocean circulation, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem model to explore the interactions between ocean circulation, macro‐ and micro‐nutrient supply to the euphotic layer, and biological productivity. The model suggests a tight coupling between the degree of iron limitation in the upwelling subpolar and tropical oceans and the productivity of the adjacent subtropical gyres. This coupling is facilitated by lateral Ekman transfer of macro‐nutrients in the surface ocean. We describe a coarse resolution configuration of the MIT ocean circulation and biogeochemistry model in which there are fully prognostic representations of the oceanic cycles of phosphorus, iron, and silicon. The pelagic ecosystem is represented using two functional groups of phytoplankton and a single grazer. Using present‐day forcing, the model qualitatively captures the observed basin and gyre scale patterns of nutrient distributions and productivity. In a suite of sensitivity studies we find significant regional variations in response to changes in the aeolian iron supply. In a dustier (model) world, the Southern Ocean and Indo‐Pacific upwelling regions are more productive, but there is a decrease in productivity in the subtropical gyres and throughout the Atlantic basin. These results can be described most easily by a simple conceptual classification of the Southern and Indo‐Pacific oceans into two regimes: (1) upwelling, iron limited regions and (2) macro‐nutrient limited, oligotrophic subtropical gyres. Enhancing the aeolian iron supply to the upwelling regions relieves iron limitation and increases local primary and export production, but reduces the Ekman transfer of phosphate to the neighboring subtropical gyres. Consequently, over time, the gyres become further depleted in macro‐nutrients and productivity decreases in response to global scale iron fertilization. In a large‐scale analogy, the macro‐nutrient budget of the Atlantic is maintained by lateral transfer of nutrients in the upper ocean. Enhanced aeolian supply of iron leads to increased productivity in the Southern Ocean and Indo‐Pacific upwelling regions, reducing the lateral transfer of macro‐nutrients to the Atlantic basin, which becomes increasingly macro‐nutrient limited throughout.
Inflammatory bowel disease in children: the role of a positive family history

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate any potential influence of a family history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on the clinical phenotypes and the course of IBD in children. Methods In this retrospective study, the notes of 411 children with the diagnosis of IBD, 244 (59.4%) with ulcerative colitis, 129 (31.4%) with Crohn's disease and 38 (9.2%) with IBD unclassified, who were admitted to our department between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 2007 were reviewed. The aim was to assess the prevalence of familial IBD and its impact on the age of disease onset, clinical phenotypes according to the Montreal classification, course and outcome of disease. The control group consisted of IBD children without a family history of IBD, who were admitted to the hospital during the same time period. Results Thirty five (8.5%) children had a family history of IBD, (ulcerative colitis 6.6%, Crohn's disease 10.9% and IBD unclassified 13.2%). Sixty-eight percent of the 22 pairs of first-degree relatives were concordant for the clinical phenotype of disease. Significantly, more children with familial IBD had symptom onset and/or disease diagnosis before 5 years of age compared with sporadic IBD (P = 0.01 and P = 0.014, respectively); however, no differences were seen in sex, clinical phenotypes, need for aggressive treatment and/or surgery. Conclusion Children with familial IBD had earlier onset of disease compared with those with sporadic IBD. However, this had no significant impact on the clinical phenotypes, the course and/or the outcome of disease.
SPLINE ESTIMATORS FOR THE FUNCTIONAL LINEAR MODEL

We consider a regression setting where the response is a scalar and the predictor is a random function defined on a compact set of R. Many fields of appli- cations are concerned with this kind of data, for instance chemometrics when the predictor is a signal digitized in many points. Then, people have mainly considered the multivariate linear model and have adapted the least squares procedure to take care of highly correlated predictors. Another point of view is to introduce a con- tinuous version of this model, i.e., the functional linear model with scalar response. We are then faced with the estimation of a functional coefficient or, equivalently, of a linear functional. We first study an estimator based on a B-splines expansion of the functional coefficient which in some way generalizes ridge regression. We derive an upper bound for the L 2 rate of convergence of this estimator. As an alternative we also introduce a smooth version of functional principal components regression for which L 2 convergence is achieved. Finally both methods are compared by means
Physical and chemical characterization of the pulp of different varieties of avocado targeting oil extraction potential

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of avocado pulp of four different varieties (Avocado, Guatemala, Dickinson, and Butter pear) and to identify which has the greatest potential for oil extraction. Fresh avocado pulp was characterized by moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates and energy contents were determined. The carotenoids and chlorophyll contents were determined by the organic solvent extraction method. The results showed significant differences in the composition of the fruit when varieties are compared. However, the striking feature in all varieties is high lipid content; Avocado and Dickinson are the most suitable varieties for oil extraction, taking into account moisture content and the levels of lipids in the pulp. Moreover, it could be said that the variety Dickinson is the most affected by the parameters evaluated in terms of overall quality. Chlorophyll and carotenoids, fat-soluble pigments, showed a negative correlation with respect to lipids since it could be related to its function in the fruit. The varieties Avocado and Dickinson are an alternative to oil extraction having great commercial potential to be exploited thus avoiding waste and increasing farmers’ income.
Screening for elder mistreatment in dental and medical clinics.

OBJECTIVE Elder mistreatment (EM) is a potentially fatal and largely unrecognised problem in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of EM in busy clinics and specifically, we report on the feasibility of screening for EM as well as the appropriate instrumentation for screening. BACKGROUND Prevalence estimates for elder mistreatment vary, but recent data from a national sample of community-residing adults over 60 years of age indicate that 11.4% of older adults report some form of elder mistreatment. There is a paucity of research related to screening in dental and medical clinics to understand the prevalence in such practice settings. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2008 to March 2009. We enrolled 241 patients at two clinics: a medical clinic (n = 102) and dental clinics (n = 139). A mini-mental status exam was conducted with a minimum of 18 or better for inclusion. An elder mistreatment screen was next used [elder assessment instrument (EAI-R) for medical and Hwalek-Sengstock elder abuse screening test (HS-EAST) for dental]. RESULTS For the 241 patients, we were able to compare data from the EAI-R with the HS-EAST. This pilot work demonstrates the feasibility of screening for EM in busy clinics since we documented patient enrolment of 20% in the medical clinics and 66% in dental clinics. Patients are willing to answer extremely-sensitive questions related to elder mistreatment and are also willing to use computer technology for interviewing. CONCLUSION Dental and medical clinics are important practice venues to screen for elder mistreatment.
An Association between the Radiation-Induced Arrest of G2-Phase Cells and Low-Dose Hyper-Radiosensitivity: A Plausible Underlying Mechanism?

Abstract Marples, B. , Wouters, B. G. and Joiner, M. C. An Association between the Radiation-Induced Arrest of G2-Phase Cells and Low-Dose Hyper-Radiosensitivity: A Plausible Underlying Mechanism? Radiat. Res. 160, 38–45 (2003). The survival of asynchronous and highly enriched G1-, S- and G2-phase populations of Chinese hamster V79 cells was measured after irradiation with 60Co γ rays (0.1–10 Gy) using a precise flow cytometry-based clonogenic survival assay. The high-dose survival responses demonstrated a conventional relationship, with G2-phase cells being the most radiosensitive and S-phase cells the most radioresistant. Below 1 Gy, distinct low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) responses were observed for the asynchronous and G2-phase enriched cell populations, with no evidence of HRS in the G1- and S-phase populations. Modeling supports the conclusion that HRS in asynchronous V79 populations is explained entirely by the HRS response of G2-phase cells. An association was discovered between the occurrence of HRS and the induction of a novel G2-phase arrest checkpoint that is specific for cells that are in the G2 phase of the cell cycle at the time of irradiation. Human T98G cells and hamster V79 cells, which both exhibit HRS in asynchronous cultures, failed to arrest the entry into mitosis of damaged G2-phase cells at doses less than 30 cGy, as determined by the flow cytometric assessment of the phosphorylation of histone H3, an established indicator of mitosis. In contrast, human U373 cells that do not show HRS induced this G2-phase checkpoint in a dose-independent manner. These data suggest that HRS may be a consequence of radiation-damaged G2-phase cells prematurely entering mitosis.