Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategy for providing integrated mental health/psychosocial support in post earthquake Haiti

The recent earthquake in Haiti exposed all the weaknesses in the mental health care system existing prior to the earthquake. This paper describes the strategy developed by the Dutch nongovernmental organisation Cordaid for providing integrated mental health and psychosocial support in Haiti after the earthquake. The strategy aimed to address mental health and psychosocial needs in the early recovery and reconsolidation phases, and to build mental health capacity of community level and primary health care providers. This would result in the establishment of a referral system between the community and health care sectors. The results of the implementation showed that mental health trainings were a feasible intervention for Haiti, but so far they have not yet resulted in change of practice of primary health care workers, and the goal of a referral system is still in an embryonic phase.
Gravity of injury and analgesia in patients who suffered traffic accidents

OBJECTIVE: Identifying the frequency and gravity of injuries in patients who suffered accidents in traffic and the analgesic drugs utilized. METHODS: Retrospective study, with a sample of 200 medical records of patients admitted to the emergency services of a reference hospital for trauma care. The gravity of the injuries was characterized by anatomic gravity rates and the analgesic therapy was based on the World Health Organization's Analgesic Ladder. RESULTS: The main findings pointed to injuries in limbs, head, face and outer surface as the most frequent, and, in 85% of the cases, gravity was equal or lower than 3; As for analgesia, it was verified that 46;6% of the patients received dipyrone and paracetamol. Among the opioids, meperidine was used in 10.4% of the cases. CONCLUSION: The gravity of most injuries was equal or lower to 3, indicating injuries of light, moderate and serious gravity, located especially in four body regions; regarding analgesia, dipyrone was shown to be the most commonly-used drug and a low use of opioids was verified.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Scottish Youth: A Pilot Investigation

Problem statement: Approximately 70% of the total ethnic minority population of Scotland is of South Asian ancestry, although relat ively little is known about their cardiovascular ri sk profile. Determining the risk profiles of Scottish youth of South Asian ancestry may inform the creation of interventions to reduce risk and improv e the quality of life in this population. Approach: The purpose of this pilot investigation was to exam ine the Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk profiles of Scottish youth of South Asian ancestry. A sample of 48 South Asian adolescents (26 females, 22 males, 16±2 years of age) resident in the city of G lasgow participated in this study. Stature, mass, waist circumference, physical activity, blood press ure, diet and 10 metabolic markers of CVD risk were recorded. Results: Boys had a significantly (p≤0. 01) greater body mass, stature and were more physically active than girls. The boys also had sig nificantly (p≤0. 05) higher fasting levels of glucose, LDL and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and recorded lower levels of HDL than girls. High fat diets, low physical activity, elevated CRP, glucose and insuli n levels and low HDL levels were the risk factors most often identified as being as non-desirable. Ab out 88% of the cohort had between 2 and 6 CVD risk factors while 40% of boys and 20% of girls pre sented with 5 or more risk factors. Conclusion/Recommendations: Results suggest that preventive measures, includin g increased physical activity and dietary management may be warranted for the youth of South Asian ancestry.
Orthographic measures of language distances between the official South African languages

Two methods for objectively measuring similarities and dissimilarities between the eleven official languages of South Africa are described. The first concerns the use of n-grams. The confusions between different languages in a text-based language identification system can be used to derive information on the relationships between the languages. Our classifier calculates n-gram statistics from text documents and then uses these statistics as features in classification. We show that the classification results of a validation test can be used as a similarity measure of the relationship between languages. Using the similarity measures, we were able to represent the relationships graphically. We also apply the Levenshtein distance measure to the orthographic word transcriptions from the eleven South African languages under investigation. Hierarchical clustering of the distances between the different languages shows the relationships between the languages in terms of regional groupings and closeness. Both multidimensional scaling and dendrogram analysis reveal results similar to well-known language groupings, and also suggest a finer level of detail on these relationships.
THE FIRST GALAXIES: ASSEMBLY OF DISKS AND PROSPECTS FOR DIRECT DETECTION

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will enable observations of galaxies at redshifts z ≳ 10 and hence allow us to test our current understanding of structure formation at very early times. Previous work has shown that the very first galaxies inside halos with virial temperatures Tvir ≲ 104 K and masses Mvir ≲ 108 M☉ at z ≳ 10 are probably too faint, by at least one order of magnitude, to be detected even in deep exposures with JWST. The light collected with JWST may therefore be dominated by radiation from galaxies inside 10 times more massive halos. We use cosmological zoomed smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations to investigate the assembly of such galaxies and assess their observability with JWST. We compare two simulations that are identical except for the inclusion of non-equilibrium H/D chemistry and radiative cooling by molecular hydrogen. In both simulations a large fraction of the halo gas settles in two nested, extended gas disks which surround a compact massive gas core. The presence of molecular hydrogen allows the disk gas to reach low temperatures and to develop marked spiral structure but does not qualitatively change its stability against fragmentation. We post-process the simulated galaxies by combining idealized models for star formation with stellar population synthesis models to estimate the luminosities in nebular recombination lines as well as in the ultraviolet continuum. We demonstrate that JWST will be able to constrain the nature of the stellar populations in galaxies such as simulated here based on the detection of the He1640 recombination line. Extrapolation of our results to halos with masses both lower and higher than those simulated shows that JWST may find up to a thousand star-bursting galaxies in future deep exposures of the z ≳ 10 universe.
Auctioning incentive contracts; application to welfare-to-work programs

This paper applies the theory of auctioning incentive contracts to welfare-to-work programs. In several countries, the government procures welfare-to-work projects to employment service providers. In doing so, the government trades off adverse selection (the winning provider is not the most efficient one) and moral hazard (the winning provider shirks in his effort to reintegrate unemployed people). We compare three simple auctions with the socially optimal mechanism and show that two of these auctions approximate the optimal mechanism if the number of providers is large. Using simulations, we observe that competition between three bidders is already sufficient for the outcome of these auctions to reach 95% of the optimal level of social welfare.
Open versus laparoscopic appendectomy among Saudi patients

Appendicitis is the most common cause for abdominal surgeries among all age groups worldwide. Significant research papers were published concerning the techniques through which appendectomy is done. Open appendectomy has been the gold standard treatment for acute appendicitis and has been known as a safe practice with relatively low rate of postoperative complications. However, in the last few decades, laparoscopic surgery has developed widely with the advent of minimal surgical invasion and is now more increasingly prevalent intervention. In this study, we aim to report on previous literature on laparoscopic and open appendectomies that were carried out in Saudi Arabia and compare the efficacy, safety and complications of performing laparoscopic and open appendectomies including mean operative time, mean hospital stay and prevalence of postoperative complications, mainly, wound infection and intra-abdominal infections. PubMed database and EBSCO Information Services were used for articles selection. All relevant articles to our review with the topics regarding the appendectomy procedures; both open, laparoscopic, and other articles have been used. We excluded other articles, which are not related to this field. The data will be extracted according to specific form in which it is going to be reviewed by the group members. The study found out that mean operative time was shorter in open procedures than laparoscopic one making it open appendectomy the faster intervention. Mean hospital stay was found to be significantly less in LA than OA patients. Indicated higher rate of intra-abdominal infections in the LA patients than OA ones, while wound infections are mainly present in OA cases in the reference studies.
REIT Mimicking Portfolio Analysis

It is well known that expected returns vary by industry (Lyon et al., 1999), and that REIT-based mimicking portfolios may capture the information in real estate investment trust (REIT) prices (Downs, 2000). This study performs REIT-based mimicking portfolio analysis. The results indicate that when the Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Fama-French (1993) three-factor model are used to evaluate the performance of a REIT portfolio, the probability for making Type I error exceeds its significance level. Performance tests are better specified when mimicking portfolios are constructed with the firms from the REIT industry. In addition, the market beta of REIT portfolios appears to converge to the market beta of the NCREIF Index when REIT-based mimicking portfolios are included into the specification. The result is consistent with the notion that there is a strong linkage between REIT returns and the underlying real estate factor (Ziering et al., 1997).
Reflection on the Analytic Geometry Courses: The GeoGebra Software and its Effect on Creative Thinking

Creativity has a significant role in individuals' lives. This research aims to examine the reflection of the learning process of analytic geometry concepts through GeoGebra software and its effect upon the development of preservice mathematics teachers' creative thinking skills. This effect is expected to make a significant contribution to the literature with the examination of creativity and its dimensions as well as the determination of GeoGebra's role. At this point, this study designed as a mixed method research. Vectors in R2 and R3 have been taught to the preservice mathematics teachers using the GeoGebra; moreover, at the beginning and at end of the implementation, the Torrance Creative Thinking Test (TCTT) has been conducted. The research group included a total of thirty preservice teachers. Research data has been collected through Torrance Creative Thinking Test Verbal A and Figural A forms, semi-structured interviews, worksheets and models created by the preservice teachers using the GeoGebra software. The qualitative and quantitative methods have been used for data analysis. Analyses have revealed that the use of the GeoGebra software has positive reflections on preservice teachers, and thus, a significant difference has been noted in favor of the post-test in all dimensions of creativity but one.
Antioxidant response of Camellia sinensis and Rosmarinus officinalis aqueous extracts toward H 2 O 2 stressed mice

Oxidative stress takes place when the balance between the antioxidant defenses and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is tipped in favor of the latter. Thus, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is directly involved in the production of ROS due to his high redox level. However aqueous extracts of green tea and rosemary have been investigated to be evaluated for their antioxidant properties. And the metabolic enzymes and antioxidant defense biomarkers were assessed. The results obtained revealed that in green tea and rosemary extracts groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in liver decreased significantly compared to groups treated with H2O2, as well as malondialdehyde in groups treated with both extracts. This study showed that green tea and rosemary extracts has an excellent antioxidant activities which is confirmed by determining the a,a-diphenyl-b-pricrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities.
H. P. Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life

In this prescient work, Michel Houellebecq focuses his considerable analytical skills on H. P. Lovecraft, the seminal, enigmatic horror writer of the early 20th century. Houellebecq's insights into the craft of writing illuminate both Lovecraft and Houellebecq's own work. The two are kindred spirits, sharing a uniquely dark worldview. But even as he outlines Lovecraft's rejection of this loathsome world, it is Houellebecq's adulation for the author that drives this work and makes it a love song, infusing the writing with an energy and passion not seen in Houellebecq's novels to date.
A Taxonomy of Colombia’s Informal Labor Market

A taxonomy of the informal labor market is extremely important to understand and handle informality, particularly in a country as Colombia where this phenomenon is large and heterogeneous. As we will argue in this paper, it is possible to identify four different types of informality, according to the reasons to be informal: low productivity of the worker (subsistence informality), barriers to formality (induced informality), choice (voluntary informality) and both choice and low productivity (mixed informality). The policy recommendations to handle informality varies according to the target type of informality. While induced informality might be reduced by the removal of formal employment barriers or by the implementation of active policies to reduce segregation in society, structural informality requires other kinds of policies, such as a focus on improving educational outcomes. Similarly, in the case of voluntary informality, providing economic incentives to formalize and controlling informality might be more effective, whereas mixed informality is more related to wrong incentives created by social benefits. In this paper we propose a methodology to identify the four types of informality to the case of Colombia that follows what we did in Fernandez et al. (2016) but with greater emphasis on the education level. Although the correspondence is far from perfect, we show that in general terms, informal workers with primary education or less can be classified in the Subsistence informality group, informal workers with secondary education can be included in the Induced informality group, informal workers with tertiary education or more can be treated as Voluntary informal workers and informal workers with middle school education can cover mixed informality. Hence, the policy recommendations to handle informality among each education group are different.
NEW RECORDS OF FOSSIL VERTEBRATES FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS ADAMANTINA FORMATION (BAURU GROUP), SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL

The Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group), between Lucélia and Irapuru municipalities (northwestern São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil), has been in the last years a very important area for collecting Upper Cretaceous fossil vertebrates. So far, the main groups recovered include Testudines, Crocodyliformes and Dinosauria (Theropoda and Titanosauria). The fossil material is usually disarticulated and fragmented and was collected from very fine-grained sandstones, with muddy matrix and cross-stratification and lamination. Testudines are represented by fragments of carapaces and plastrons. Crocodyliformes are composed only of fragmented osteological remains and isolated teeth. Maniraptora is especially represented by isolated teeth, allowing the identification of the Dromaeosaurinae, Velociraptorinae and Troodontidae clades, in addition to some probable endemic groups. Titanosauria is the most representative and abundant group in these fossil localities, however materials are mainly fragments of ribs and some appendicular bones, without diagnostic osteological elements, like caudal vertebrae. The lithological characteristics of the outcrops suggest a paleoenvironment of braided rivers, in an arid climate, with few vegetation cover.
An Audit of the Management of ABPA in CF patients at Alder Hey Children’s Hospital

Background : Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a persistent problem for many cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. It is a challenging condition to diagnose and manage. Aim: The CF team at Alder Hey Children’s Hospital aimed to assess how consistently and effectively they were managing the condition. A diagnosis and management monitoring tool was used to systematically draw data for auditing. Methods : Out of 87 patients under the care of the CF team, 20 had previously been diagnosed with ABPA. 60% had 4 out of the 4 minimal diagnostic criteria. 75% grew cultures positive for A. fumigatus at some point since their diagnosis of ABPA. All patients had received prednisolone therapy at some point since diagnosis, with 7 patients receiving the maximum starting dose of 40 mg and 1.29 mg/kg for those below maximum dose. 14 patients were prescribed antifungal therapy. 5 patients had levels ordered when they started the therapy, 5 had levels ordered between 45 and 1149 days after prescription, and 3 have had no levels ordered to date. A second audit was performed one year later to complete the audit cycle. Results : This cohort of patients had a much higher prevalence of ABPA than the general CF population. Discussion : Research into the relationship between ABPA exacerbation and concurrent infections or antibiotic therapy could help identify risk factors for developing an exacerbation. There should be discussions about how to improve the consistency in initial dosing of prednisolone, considering guidelines. Conclusion : There should be more itraconazole levels taken to ensure safety and effectiveness of antifungal therapy.
ADAPTIVE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD TO DETERMINE KI AND KII OF CRACK PLATE WITH DIFFERENT EINCLUSION/EPLATE RATIO

An adaptive finite element method is presented to determine the KI and KII stress intensity factors of crack plate with different inclusions. The paper starts from describing two-dimensional fracture mechanics theory, an adaptive finite element formulation and the reflection photoelastic technique. An adaptive finite element method is evaluated by analyzing two examples. A single edge cracked plate made from polycarbonate. The second example is the slant edge 45° cracked plate subjected to a uniform uniaxial tensile stress. The KI and KII results are found to be function of the crack length per width and the inverse function of E ratio. These examples demonstrate the efficiency of the adaptive finite element method to provide accurate solutions as compared to those from the reflection photoelastic technique.
An Exploration of Challenges Related to Inclusion of Students with Disabilities at a University of Technology in South Africa

Abstract The present study attempted to explore the challenges related to inclusion of students with disabilities at an institution of technology in South Africa with an intention to suggest recommendations for improvements. A purposive sample of 12 students (5 females and 7 males) with disabilities participated in the study. A semistructured interview exploring the challenges related to inclusion of students with disabilities at the university was conducted with the participants. The findings of the study revealed that the students with disabilities experienced a number of challenges related to the inclusion of students with disabilities at the university under study.The study revealed that the students with disabilities experienced challenges related to accessibility to the lecture rooms, library, halls/auditoriums, residents, administrative block and learning. The participants believed that the physical infrastructure in the university was not user-friendly for students with disabilities. Recommendations to improve the challenges related to inclusion of students with disabilities were made.
PRECISE ASYMPTOTICS OF MOVING AVERAGE PROCESS UNDER φ-MIXING ASSUMPTION

In the paper by Liu and Lin (Statist. Probab. Lett. 76 (2006), no. 16, 1787–1799), a new kind of precise asymptotics in the law of large numbers for the sequence of i.i. d. random variables, which includes complete convergence as a special case, was studied. This paper is devoted to the study of this new kind of precise asymptotics in the law of large numbers for moving average process under φ-mixing assumption and some results of Liu and Lin [6] are extended to such moving average process.
Aggregation of Heterogenous Beliefs and Asset Pricing in Complete Financial Markets

We propose a method to aggregate heterogenous individual beliefs, given a competitive equilibrium in complete asset markets, into a single \market probability" such that it generates, if commonly shared by all investors, the same marginal valuation of assets by the market (the same equilibrium prices) as well as by each individual investor. As a result of the aggregation process, the market portfolio may have to be scalarly adjusted, upward or downward, a re ection of an \aggregation bias" due to the diversity of beliefs. From a \dual" viewpoint, the standard construction of an \expected utility maximizing aggregate investor" designed to \represent" the economy in equilibrium, is shown to be also valid in the case of heterogenous beliefs, modulo the above scalar adjustment of the market portfolio, thereby generating an \Adjusted" version of the \Consumption based Capital Asset Pricing Model" (ACCAPM). Heterogeneity of individual consumptions, or of the allocation of aggregate risks to individuals, is then analyzed in relation to deviations of individual beliefs from the aggregate \market probability". It is shown further that an upward ajustment of the market portfolio due to the heterogeneity of beliefs, may contribute to explaining such challenges as the so-called \equity premium puzzle" whenever aggregate relative risk aversion is decreasing with aggregate income. JEL Classi cation numbers : D50, D80, G11, G12