Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Binge drinking is characterized by decisions favoring positive and discounting negative consequences

Abstract Background: Decision making in binge drinkers is both risky and disadvantageous; however, previous operationalization of binge drinking has failed to capture the dimensionality of the phenomenon, differentiate drinking pattern from actual alcohol consumption and control for the influence of other substance use and general executive ability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess decision-making performance at various levels of binge drinking severity, while controlling for general executive ability and substance use. Methods: A total of 121 students, aged 18–25, were assessed by means of the binge score derived from the Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ). They completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Information Sampling Task (IST), to assess decision making under ambiguity and risk, respectively. The Letter Number Sequencing (LNS) task was used to control for the influence of general executive function. Results: When controlling for general executive function and use of other substances, the binge score was predictive of risky decisions in the IST, but only when additional information was costly. In the IGT, the binge score was not predictive of advantageous decisions, but rather associated with decisions returning frequent losses in the first 40 trials of the tasks. Conclusions: Explicitly presented probabilities for gain and reward makes binge drinkers accept higher degree of risk when making decisions. This could reflect a reward drive proneness, which is established as a risk factor for addictive behaviors. Sensitization to reward might impel binge drinkers to continue the pattern of alcohol consumption, despite the resulting negative outcomes.
Reduced inhibitory control predicts persistence in laboratory slot machine gambling

Impairments in inhibitory control characterize a range of addictive behaviours including gambling disorder. This study investigated the relationship between a neuropsychological measure of inhibitory control and behaviour on a simulated slot machine that included a measure of gambling persistence, in a non-clinical sample of regular gamblers. Regular gamblers (n = 75) performed a laboratory slot machine task for 30 trials where they could win real money, followed by a persistence phase under extinction (i.e. without wins). Participants also completed a stop-signal task, along with measures of gambling-related cognitions, social desirability, and symptoms of disordered gambling. In hierarchical regression models, reduced inhibitory control was found to predict greater persistence and a higher subjective desire to play again after both wins and near-misses (i.e. unsuccessful outcomes close to the jackpot). These data illustrate the impact of low inhibitory control on relevant behavioural tendencies in a group of regular gamblers. Our results help elucidate a cognitive process that may contribute to problem gambling, with implications for screening and treatment.
A Dispensable Chromosome Is Required for Virulence in the Hemibiotrophic Plant Pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum

The hemibiotrophic plant pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum infects Brassicaceae and in combination with Arabidopsis thaliana, represents an important model system to investigate various ecologically important fungal pathogens and their infection strategies. After penetration of plant cells by appressoria, C. higginsianum establishes large biotrophic primary hyphae in the first infected cell. Shortly thereafter, a switch to necrotrophic growth occurs leading to the invasion of neighboring cells by secondary hyphae. In a forward genetic screen for virulence mutants by insertional mutagenesis, we identified mutants that penetrate the plant but show a defect in the passage from biotrophy to necrotrophy. Genome sequencing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that two mutants were lacking chromosome 11, encoding potential pathogenicity genes. We established a chromosome loss assay to verify that strains lacking this small chromosome abort infection during biotrophy, while their ability to grow on artificial media was not affected. C. higginsianum harbors a second small chromosome, which can be lost without effects on virulence or growth on agar plates. Furthermore, we found that chromosome 11 is required to suppress Arabidopsis thaliana plant defense mechanisms dependent on tryptophan derived secondary metabolites.
Multisociety Consensus Quality Improvement Revised Consensus Statement for Endovascular Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke

ASPECTS : Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score EVT : endovascular therapy mRS : modified Rankin Scale mTICI : modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction NIHSS : National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale QI : quality improvement SAH : subarachnoid hemorrhage SICH
Spatial and Temporal Variations in Physical and Chemical Parameters in Water of Rupsha River and Relationship with Edaphic Factors in Khulna South Western Bangladesh

The physical and chemical condition of Rupsha River of Khulna and Edaphic factors of the study area was chemically analyzed for 12 months (January-December, 2011). Temporal variation in physical and chemical parameters was found in all cases. Though spatial variations were slight in case of water temperature, dissolved oxygen amount, turbidity and salinity but changes were significant in case of transparency and the amount of free carbon-dioxide. Spatial variation in case of water pH was very little that can be ignored. There was noticeably temporal variation of water temperature between summer (33.1±3.79 oC at July) and winter season (11.6±5.89 oC at December). Transparency was lower in June (15.7±3.61cm) and higher in December (42.4±8.72cm). Turbidity level of the Rupsha river was lower in December (14.2±5.29 NTU) and higher in June (26.22±3.61 NTU). PH of the water of the river was lower in June (7.58±0.14) and higher in December (8.58±0.29). In the present study, slight change was observed incase of temporal variation of dissolved oxygen amount in water. Dissolved oxygen was higher in December (6.71±0.06 mg/l) and lower in June (5.09±0.06 mg/l). Free carbon dioxide is the highest in July (9.75±0.10 mg/l) and the lowest in January (7.19±0.05 mg/l). Alkalinity was lower in January (225±2.65mg/l) and higher in June (362±2.00mg/l). Atmospheric temperature and rainfall showed positive correlation with all physical and chemical parameters except transparency, amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH.
Cotton rat model for testing vaccines and antivirals against respiratory syncytial virus

Respiratory syncytial virus is the leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and is a serious health risk for elderly and immunocompromised individuals. No vaccine has yet been approved to prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection and the only available treatment is immunoprophylaxis of severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in high-risk infants with Palivizumab (Synagis®). The development of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine has been hampered by the phenomenon of enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease observed during trials of a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus in 1960s. A search for effective respiratory syncytial virus therapeutics has been complicated by the fact that some of the most advanced respiratory syncytial virus antivirals, while highly effective in a prophylactic setting, had not demonstrated clinical efficacy when given after infection. A number of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines and antivirals are currently under development, including several vaccines proposed for maternal immunization. The cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus is an animal model of respiratory syncytial virus infection with demonstrated translational value. Special cohort scenarios, such as infection under conditions of immunosuppression and maternal immunization have been modeled in the cotton rat and are summarized here. In this review, we focus on the recent use of the cotton rat model for testing respiratory syncytial virus vaccine and therapeutic candidates in preclinical setting, including the use of special cohort models. An overview of published studies spanning the period of the last three years is provided. The emphasis, where possible, is made on candidates in the latest stages of preclinical development or currently in clinical trials.
Magnetotail Fast Flow Occurrence Rate and Dawn‐Dusk Asymmetry at X GSM ∼ −60 RE

As a direct result of magnetic reconnection, plasma sheet fast flows act as primary transporter of mass, flux, and energy in the Earth's magnetotail. During the last decades, these flows were mainly studied within XGSM>−60RE, as observations near or beyond lunar orbit were limited. By using 5 years (2011–2015) of ARTEMIS (Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moons Interaction with the Sun) data, we statistically investigate earthward and tailward flows at around 60 RE downtail. A significant fraction of fast flows is directed earthward, comprising 43% (vx>400 km/s) to 56% (vx>100 km/s) of all observed flows. This suggests that near‐Earth and midtail reconnection are equally probable of occurring on either side of the ARTEMIS downtail distance. For fast convective flows (v⊥x>400 km/s), this fraction of earthward flows is reduced to about 29%, which is in line with reconnection as source of these flows and a downtail decreasing Alfvén velocity. More than 60% of tailward convective flows occur in the dusk sector (as opposed to the dawn sector), while earthward convective flows are nearly symmetrically distributed between the two sectors for low AL (>−400 nT) and asymmetrically distributed toward the dusk sector for high AL (<−400 nT). This indicates that the dawn‐dusk asymmetry is more pronounced closer to Earth and moves farther downtail during high geomagnetic activity. This is consistent with similar observations pointing to the asymmetric nature of tail reconnection as the origin of the dawn‐dusk asymmetry of flows and other related observables. We infer that near‐Earth reconnection is preferentially located at dusk, whereas midtail reconnection (X >− 60RE) is likely symmetric across the tail during weak substorms and asymmetric toward the dusk sector for strong substorms, as the dawn‐dusk asymmetric nature of reconnection onset in the near‐Earth region progresses downtail.
Social Gamification in Enterprise Crowdsourcing

Enterprise crowdsourcing capitalises on the availability of employees for in-house data processing. Gamification techniques can help aligning employees' motivation to the crowdsourcing endeavour. Although hitherto, research efforts were able to unravel the wide arsenal of gamification techniques to construct engagement loops, little research has shed light into the social game dynamics that those foster and how those impact crowdsourcing activities. This work reports on a study that involved 101 employees from two multinational enterprises. We adopt a user-centric approach to apply and experiment with gamification for enterprise crowdsourcing purposes. Through a qualitative study, we highlight the importance of the competitive and collaborative social dynamics within the enterprise. By engaging the employees with a mobile crowdsourcing application, we showcase the effectiveness of competitiveness towards higher levels of engagement and quality of contributions. Moreover, we underline the contradictory nature of those dynamics, which combined might lead to detrimental effects towards the engagement to crowdsourcing activities.
Glycemic Control and Interleukin-1beta in Periodontal Patients with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes in a Group of Subjects in South-West Romania

Interleukin-1β is an important mediator of the inflammatory response and is involved in the pathophysiology of periodontitis. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of periodontal disease and glycemic control on biomarker levels in crevicular fluid. Patients with aggressive periodontitis were characterized by a higher ratio of IL-1β compared to patients with chronic periodontitis.
Gr upSM Psoriatic Arthritis : Pathogenesis , Clinical Features and Treatment

Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory arthritis that occurs in about 30% of patients with psoriasis and often results in permanent joint damage and disability. Its prevalence ranges between 0.020. 3% with significant geographic variation. The pathophysiology of PsA is multifactorial and encompasses a variety of genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors. In the 1970s, Moll and Wright formulated the initial diagnostic criteria for PsA and described five main clinical patterns or subtypes of the disease: asymmetric oligoarthritis (≤4 joints involved), symmetric polyarthritis (≥5 joints involved), predominant Distal Intraphalangeal (DIP) involvement, predominant spondyloarthritis (axial involvement), and destructive (mutilans) arthritis. Since then, our knowledge about the disease has significantly expanded and new diagnostic criteria have been established. Equally important, treatment options have advanced from medications that merely improve symptoms to advanced therapies thatslow disease progression and alter the natural history of the disease. Anna Papazoglou, Tetyana Gorbachova and Lawrence H Brent* Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141 *Corresponding author: Lawrence H Brent, Einstein Medical Center, PA 19141, Philadelphia. Tel: 215-456-7380; Fax: 215-456-3898; Email: brentl@einstein.edu Published Date: June 09, 2016
Molecular markers to discriminate among four pest species of Helicoverpa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract The four significant pest species in the Helicoverpa genus (H. armigera, H. assulta, H. punctigera and H. zea) are morphologically similar and can only be reliably distinguished through dissection of adult genitalia. Two partial regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the cytochrome b (Cyt b) genes were amplified by PCR and digested with restriction endonucleases. The restriction patterns, generated by the endonucleases BstZ17I and HphI, demonstrated reliable differentiation of the four Helicoverpa pest species. This technique is fast, reliable and effective at distinguishing specimens irrespective of their life stages and offers support to conventional taxonomic differentiation based on morphological characters.
A Cross-sectional Survey of the North American Skull Base Society: Current Practice Patterns of Vestibular Schwannoma Evaluation and Management in North America

Abstract Background Very few studies have examined vestibular schwannoma (VS) management trends across centers and between providers. The objective of this study is to examine current practice trends, variance in treatment philosophies, and nuanced or controversial aspects of VS care across North America. Methods This is a cross-sectional survey of North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) members who report regular involvement in VS care. Results A total of 57 completed surveys were returned. Most respondents claimed to have over 20 years of experience and the majority reported working in an academic practice with an affiliated otolaryngology and/or neurosurgery residency program. Sixty-three percent of respondents claimed to evaluate VS patients in clinic with both an otolaryngologist and neurosurgeon involved. Eighty-six percent of respondents claimed to operate on VS with both an otolaryngologist and neurosurgeon involved, while only 18% of neurosurgeons and 9% of otolaryngologists performed surgery alone. There was a wide range in the number of cases evaluated at each center annually. Similarly, there was wide variation in the number of patients treated with microsurgery and radiation at each center. Additional details regarding management preferences for microsurgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, stereotactic radiotherapy, and conservative observation are presented. Conclusion VS management practices vary between providers and centers. Overall, most centers employ a multidisciplinary approach to management with collaboration between otolaryngology and neurosurgery. Overall, survey responses concur with previous studies suggesting a shift toward conservatism in management.
Negative feedback loop of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rapamycin protection against renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury during initial reperfusion phase

Rapamycin, an immunosuppressant, is widely used in patients with kidney transplant. However, the therapeutic effects of rapamycin remain controversial. Additionally, previous studies have revealed deleterious effects of rapamycin predominantly when administered for ≥24 h. Few studies, however, have focused on the short term effects of rapamycin administered only during the initial reperfusion phase. As such, we designed this study to explore the potential effects and mechanisms of rapamycin under a specific therapeutic regimen in which rapamycin is mixed in the perfusate during the initial reperfusion phase (within 24 h). Interestingly, we found that rapamycin maintained renal function and attenuated ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R)‐induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro during the initial reperfusion phase, especially at 8 h after reperfusion. Simultaneously, rapamycin activated autophagy and inhibited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and 3 pathways of unfolding protein response: ATF6, PERK, and IRE1α. Interestingly, we further found that the protective effects of rapamycin were suppressed when autophagy was inhibited by chloroquine and 3‐methyladenine or when ER stress was induced by thapsigargin. Moreover, in terms of the regulatory effects of rapamycin, a negative‐feedback loop between autophagy and ER stress occurred, with autophagy inhibiting ER stress and increased ER stress promoting autophagy during the initial reperfusion phase of renal I/R injury. Our study provides evidence that immediate reperfusion with rapamycin during the initial reperfusion phase repairs renal function and reduces apoptosis via activating autophagy, which could further inhibit ER stress. These results suggest a novel treatment modality for application during the initial reperfusion phase of renal I/R injury caused by kidney transplantation. —Li, X. , Zhu, G. , Gou, X. , He, W. , Yin, H. , Yang, X. , Li, J. Negative feedback loop of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rapamycin protection against renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury during initial reperfusion phase. 32, 6002–6018 (2018). www.fasebj. org
Designing a Collaborative Process to Create Bilingual Dictionaries of Indonesian Ethnic Languages

The constraint-based approach has been proven useful for inducing bilingual dictionary for closely-related low-resource languages. When we want to create multiple bilingual dictionaries linking several languages, we need to consider manual creation by a native speaker if there are no available machine-readable dictionaries are available as input. To overcome the difﬁculty in planning the creation of bilingual dictionaries, the consideration of various methods and costs, plan optimization is essential. Utilizing both constraint-based approach and plan optimizer, we design a collaborative process for creating 10 bilingual dictionaries from every combination of 5 languages, i.e., Indonesian, Malay, Minangkabau, Javanese, and Sundanese. We further design an online collaborative dictionary generation to bridge spatial gap between native speakers. We deﬁne a heuristic plan that only utilizes manual investment by the native speaker to evaluate our optimal plan with total cost as an evaluation metric. The optimal plan outperformed the heuristic plan with a 63.3% cost reduction.
Economic policy in globalization : four essays in economics of trade and migration

This thesis consists of four chapters that examine various aspects of economic policy in its relation to globalization and economic integration. The first chapter considers the question of the link between trade specialization and growth. The results identify a robust empirical ink between initial level of sophistication at province level and real GOP per capita growth in the case of China. The second chapter examines the relationship between the structure of the Chinese banking system and the structure of exports. The empirical study reveals the presence of credit constraints weighing on domestic private firms, which export relatively less in sectors more dependent on external financing. The third chapter examines the impact of immigration on labor markets in a setting with fragmented regional markets. It shows that in this framework, the spatial mobility of migrant workers contributes to increase the efficiency of labor markets, but immigration policy becomes more restrictive under certain conditions. The fourth chapter examines the determinants of preferential free trade agreements. It shows that the gains in market access are a stronger determinant of a country's probability of signing an agreement than the gains accruing to consumers in the form of lower prices
Regional conformational flexibility couples substrate specificity and scissile phosphate diester selectivity in human flap endonuclease 1

Abstract Human flap endonuclease-1 (hFEN1) catalyzes the divalent metal ion-dependent removal of single-stranded DNA protrusions known as flaps during DNA replication and repair. Substrate selectivity involves passage of the 5′-terminus/flap through the arch and recognition of a single nucleotide 3′-flap by the α2–α3 loop. Using NMR spectroscopy, we show that the solution conformation of free and DNA-bound hFEN1 are consistent with crystal structures; however, parts of the arch region and α2–α3 loop are disordered without substrate. Disorder within the arch explains how 5′-flaps can pass under it. NMR and single-molecule FRET data show a shift in the conformational ensemble in the arch and loop region upon addition of DNA. Furthermore, the addition of divalent metal ions to the active site of the hFEN1–DNA substrate complex demonstrates that active site changes are propagated via DNA-mediated allostery to regions key to substrate differentiation. The hFEN1–DNA complex also shows evidence of millisecond timescale motions in the arch region that may be required for DNA to enter the active site. Thus, hFEN1 regional conformational flexibility spanning a range of dynamic timescales is crucial to reach the catalytically relevant ensemble.
Catalyst Effect of Transition Metal Nano Oxides on the Decomposition of Lanthanum Oxalate Hydrate: A Thermogravimetric Study

A study on the thermal decomposition of the mixtures of lanthanum oxalate hydrate and transition metal nano oxide compounds(TMNOCs) viz. CuO, Fe2O3, TiO2 and Cr2O3 of 5 mole% ratio has been carried out employing Thermogravimetry(TG), Differential Thermal Analysis(DTA) and chemical analysis. The results reveal that other than CuO the oxides have a retarding effect on the decomposition rate. There is a competition of rate between Fe2O3 and TiO2 mixture up to 696K after which the trend is reversed and Fe2O3 becomes relatively more catalytic than TiO2. The best explanation for catalytic activities of the oxides is made by taking the former as a function of electronic configuration of the metal rather than the electronic properties of the oxides. Abnormal behaviour of Cr2O3 may be attributed to an irreversible change in oxidation state of Cr during which it is oxidised to Cr6+ prior to decomposition. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are evaluated in the light of F3 mechanism in two different regions of α’s and the rate follows the order: S1 < S2 > S3 < S4 > S5 (0.1 < α < 0.5) S1 < S2 > S3 > S4 > S5 (0.5 <α < 0.9) Where S1 , S2 , S3, S4 and S5 stand for pure lanthanum oxalate and its mixtures with oxides of Cu,Fe Ti and Cr respectively.