Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional unsteadiness map of oblique shock wave/boundary layer interaction with sidewalls

The low-frequency unsteadiness of oblique shock wave/boundary layer interactions (SBLIs) has been investigated using large-eddy simulation (LES) and high-frequency pressure measurements from experiments. Particular attention has been paid to off-centreline behaviour: the LES dataset was generated including sidewalls, and experimental pressure measurements were acquired across the entire span of the reflected shock foot. The datasets constitute the first maps of low-frequency unsteadiness in both streamwise and spanwise directions. The results reveal that significant low-frequency shock motion (with $St\approx 0.03$ ) occurs away from the centreline, along most of the central separation shock and in the corner regions. The most powerful low-frequency unsteadiness occurs off-centre, likely due to the separation shock being strengthened by shocks arising from the swept interactions on the sidewalls. Both simulation and experimental results exhibit asymmetry about the spanwise centre. In simulations, this may be attributed to a lack of statistical convergence; however, the fact that this is also seen in experiments is indicative that some SBLIs may exhibit some inherent asymmetry across the two spanwise halves of the separation bubble. There is also significant low-frequency power in the corner separations. The relation of the unsteadiness in the corner regions to that in the centre is investigated by means of two-point correlations: a key observation is that significant correlation does not extend across the attached flow channel between the central and corner separations.
The complete chloroplast genome of Rheum rhabarbarum

Abstract Rheum rhabarbarum is widely used in China to treat gout and constipation. We assembled and annotated the complete chloroplast genome of R. rhabarbarum. The length of the chloroplast genome is 161,723 bp, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,004 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 12,761 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 30,979 bp. The chloroplast genome included 130 genes, consisting of 36 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, 2 pseudogenes, and 84 protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the position of R. rhabarbarum within the family Polygonaceae.
Functional analysis of OCTN2 and ATB0,+ in normal human airway epithelial cells

In human, OCTN2 (SLC22A5) and ATB0,+ (SLC6A14) transporters mediate the uptake of L-carnitine, essential for the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria and the subsequent degradation by β-oxidation. Aim of the present study is to characterize L-carnitine transport in EpiAirway™, a 3D organotypic in vitro model of primary human tracheal-bronchial epithelial cells that form a fully differentiated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium at air-liquid interface (ALI) condition. In parallel, Calu-3 monolayers grown at ALI were used as comparison. In EpiAirway™, ATB0,+ was highly expressed and functional on the apical side while OCTN2 transporter was active on the basolateral side. Calu-3 cells showed a different pattern of expression and activity for ATB0,+: indeed, L-carnitine uptake on apical side was evident in Calu-3 at 8 days of culture but not in fully differentiated 21d ALI culture. As both ATB0,+ and OCTN2, beyond transporting L-carnitine, have a significant potential as delivery systems for drugs, the identification of these transporters in EpiAirway™ can open new fields of investigation in the studies of drug inhalation and pulmonary delivery.
Conceptions of Brazilian Elementary and High School Students about Food Nutrients

The study was undertaken to investigate the conceptions of Brazilian Basic Education (Elementary and High School) Students about food nutrients, food pyramids, processed food labels and nutrition facts tables. The research involved groups from sixth to ninth grades of Elementary School and first to third grades of High School in a public school from Parana State, Brazil. In this study, 257 students, aged 11 - 17 years old, took part. For the identification of conceptions, group activities were performed using food pyramids, processed food labels and nutrition facts tables, aiming the analysis of their nutritional composition by students. Analysis showed students do not show satisfactory and coherent conceptions about food nutrients, and many students were not able to distinguish nutrients from food. In this sense, we highlight the need of Food Nutrition programs to endorse and include initiatives for students, regarding the positive comprehension of nutrients and their benefits to the body, besides healthy eating habits.
Impact of macroeconomic indicators on housing prices

Purpose This paper uses statistical analyses to quantify the effects of five major macroeconomic indicators, namely crude oil price, 30-year mortgage interest rate (IR), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), and unemployment rate (UR), on housing prices over time. Design/methodology/approach Housing price is measured as housing price index (HPI) and is treated as a variable affecting itself. Actual housing sale prices in the Town of Amherst, New York State, USA, 1999-2008, and time-series data of the macroeconomic indicators, 2000-2017, were used in a vector autoregression statistical model to examine the data that show the greatest statistical significance and exert maximum quantitative effects of macroeconomic indicators on housing prices. Findings The analyses concluded that the 30-year IR and HPI have statistically significant effects on housing prices. IR has the highest effect, contributing 5.0 per cent of variance in the first month to 8.5 per cent in the twelfth. The UR has the next greatest influence followed by DJIA and CPI. The disturbance from HPI itself causes the greatest variability in future prices: up to 92.7 per cent in variance 1 month ahead and approximately 74.5 per cent 12 months ahead. This result indicates that current changes in house prices heavily influence people’s expectation of future prices. The total effect of the error variance of the macroeconomic indicators ranged from 7.3 per cent in the first month to 25.5 per cent in the twelfth. Originality/value The conclusions in this paper, along with related tables and figures, will be useful to the housing and real estate communities in planning their business for the next years.
Ant on in Ver Cha Ef on Re Com in Co Int

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Comparative biological characteristic of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) varieties

The study was conducted in 2014-2016 on the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria. Aboveground and root biomass plant material of seven white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) varieties different originated was analyzed in two phenological stages. Plants were analyzed for height, fresh weight, number of leaves, nodule number and nodule weight in the beginning of flowering stage, and for number of pods, number of seeds and seed weight in the technical maturity stage. Degree of earliness of varieties was assessing as well. The group of ultra early varieties can be defined PI533704 and Zuter varieties with coefficient of earliness 1.00, to early - PI368911, PI457938 and KALI (coefficient of earliness 1.25), and to late Lucky801 and PI457923 (coefficient of earliness >1.66). A strong positive correlation was found between the seed productivity with number of seeds per plant (r=0.943) and plant height (r=0.765); close relationship of fresh aboveground mass weight with plant height (r=0.822), number of leaves (r=0.965) and fresh root mass weight (r=0.876). The varieties of interest for breeding were selected by different signs. It was concluded that the number and weight of nodules as well fresh root mass weight can be used as selection criteria for creating varieties with a higher symbiotic nitrogen fixation potential.
Effect of cage enrichment on the welfare of farmed foxes

The aim of the study was to use behavioural and cortisol tests to determine whether cage enrichment (observation shelves, wooden sticks for gnawing) improves the welfare of farmed foxes (Vulpes vulpes). The paper discusses welfare criteria such as "expression of other behaviours", "good human–animal relationships" and "positive emotional state". The study covered 60 young foxes. After weaning, the animals were placed in standard cages, two individuals per cage. The foxes were divided into three groups. In the control group, no additional cage enrichment was provided. Group I was provided with observation shelves; group II was provided with wooden gnawing sticks. During the experiment the foxes underwent repeated tests: empathic test, feeding test and salivary cortisol test. The data obtained were analysed statistically (ANOVA, Tukey’s test, correlation), taking into account the following variables: the impact of cage enrichment, animal gender, temperament, and colour mutation. The study did not show conclusively that the use of cage enrichment affects animal temperament or the level of cortisol. However, in the group with gnawing sticks, the level of cortisol in the second measurement was significantly lower in comparison with other groups. This indicates that satisfying the need to gnaw objects reduces stress in foxes. The study showed a high correlation between the empathic and the feeding test, both of which are useful for testing the emotional state of foxes and the human–animal relationship.
A study to assess valvular heart disease in a tertiary care hospital: a single centre finding

Background: Diseases of the heart valves constitute a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide with an enormous burden on healthcare resources. The present study was undertaken to study incidence and demography of valvular heart disease, to assess echocardiography and colour doppler findings of patients with valvular heart disease and to find out complications in patients with valvular heart disease.Methods: A hospital based longitudinal case study was undertaken at medicine department of Dr. V.M. Government Medical College, Solapur, Maharashtra, India for a period of two years. One hundred and twenty-four (124) patients attending OPD participated in the study.Results: In the present study, out of 124 patients, mitral valve was most commonly involved, 105(84.67%) and the least common involved was tricuspid 1(0.81%). The most common aetiology was rheumatic origin 75(94.94%). In the present study the most common complication was pulmonary hypertension 69(55.65%), followed by congestive cardiac failure (33.87%), acute pulmonary edema (12.09%), infective endocarditis (4.84%), cerebrovascular accident (4.03%), left atrial thrombus (3.23%) and death (3.23%). Conclusions: Multiple valves were affected in more than a third of all cases, although recent research in India continue to demonstrate a declining trend in the prevalence of RHD, rheumatic involvement is still the dominant form of valvular heart disease in India.
A Two-Layer Network Equivalent With Local Passivity Compensation With Applications to Hybrid Simulations of MMC-Based AC–DC Grids

A frequency-dependent network equivalent (FDNE) is essential to capture wide-band frequency dynamics in the hybrid simulation of large-scale modular multi-level converter based ac–dc grids. The FDNE model must be enforced to be passive, ensuring the numerical stability in time-domain simulations. However, existing passive enforcement techniques based on global optimization perturbations cannot guarantee convergence, accuracy, and efficiency simultaneously. To address the issues, a two-layer FDNE (T-FDNE) model is developed for the ac grids. The two layers, namely, detailed layer and equivalent layer, have their admittances derived by perturbation test and analytical approach, respectively. The passivity of the T-FDNE model is guaranteed by the proposed local passivity compensation technique using auxiliary rational functions. Since no optimization is required and the passivity is enhanced locally, the convergence, accuracy, and efficiency can be improved considerably. By incorporating the T-FDNE model into the interface model of transient (TS) and electromagnetic transient hybrid simulations, wide-band frequency interactions, especially those of very high frequency, can be reflected effectively. The performance (efficiency and accuracy) of the T-FDNE model as well as of the hybrid simulation method has been validated on a modified and practical ac–dc system in China.
Who does most of the work? High self‐control individuals compensate for low self‐control partners

Accomplishing goals with others can be troublesome. Some people may work extra hard while others do much less. When does this workload asymmetry occur? The present research investigates the role of perceived partners’ self‐control in workload distribution. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that high self‐control individuals work harder and compensate when they work together with low self‐control partners. Results from two studies indicate that high self‐control individuals are sensitive to their partners’ level of self‐control and adjust their behavior accordingly (i.e., exerting extra effort) when working with them.
Modeling the Distribution of Organic Coffee Supply Chain from Junín Region, Peru

This research uses Supply Chain (SC) data gathered during the distribution and transportation activities of organic coffee. The purpose of this research is to analyze different ways in which crop-chain solutions are adopted in the region of Junin, Peru. The disintegration of the SC is revealed, as each cooperative member works uncoordinatedly on his own leading to different results standards with high costs and low returns. The study focused on different entities from farmers to the port of Callao of an organic coffee supply chain where disintegration is constant. The paper describes a misaligned supply chain including poorly collaboration. All problems found will be an opportunity to develop a distribution model in the organic coffee supply chain of Junin region.
Injection dimensions of projective varieties.

We explore injective morphisms from complex projective varieties $X$ to projective spaces $\mathbb{P}^s$ of small dimension. Based on connectedness theorems, we prove that the ambient dimension $s$ needs to be at least $2 \dim X$ for all injections given by a linear subsystem of a strict power of a line bundle. Using this, we give an example where the smallest ambient dimension cannot be attained from any embedding $X \hookrightarrow \mathbb{P}^n$ by linear projections. Our focus then lies on $X = \mathbb{P}^{n_1} \times \ldots \times \mathbb{P}^{n_r}$, in which case there is a close connection to secant loci of Segre--Veronese varieties and the rank $2$ geometry of partially symmetric tensors, as well as on $X = \mathbb{P}(q_0,\ldots,q_n)$, which is linked to separating invariants for representations of finite cyclic groups. We showcase three techniques for constructing injections $X \to \mathbb{P}^{2\dim X}$ in specific cases.
Mathematical representation analysis of students in solving mathematics problems

Representation of ideas in mathematics is fundamental to how students can understand and apply these ideas. This study aims to describe students’ mathematical representations in solving mathematics problems that include pictorial representations, symbol representations, and verbal-written representations. This study used descriptive qualitative which involved 20 respondents of seventh grade students of Aisyiyah junior high school Bengkulu. The instruments were sheet of problems and interview guides. Three respondents were selected based on the completeness of the answers then interviewed to clarify the answers. The completeness was based on the use of mathematical representations that include pictorial representations, symbol representations, and verbal-written representations. The results of the study showed that students can use various forms of mathematical representations in solving the given mathematics problems, and even students can use three forms of mathematical representations, and some student only used one or two forms of mathematical representations.
Towards a Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Multi-Group Two-Moment Model of Neutrino Transport

We present progress on the development of a Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for solving the non-relativistic, multi-group two-moment model for neutrino transport. The method — ultimately targeted at simulation of neutrino transport in core-collapse supernovae — includes the use of curvilinear coordinates and tabulated microphysics (i.e., nuclear equation of state and weak interaction rates) to model neutrino-matter coupling. In this report, we provide algorithm details and present results from an extensive set of benchmark problems in one spatial dimension. The algorithms have been implemented in the Toolkit for High-Order Neutrino-Radiation Hydrodynamics (thornado), and Fortran code used to generate the results has been made available to the public through GitHub. ∗
Analyzing Spatial Community Pattern of Network Traffic Flow and Its Variations across Time Based on Taxi GPS Trajectories

The transport system is a critical component of the urban environment in terms of its connectivity, aggregation, and dynamic functions. The transport system can be considered a complex system due to the massive traffic flows generated by the spatial interactions between land uses. Benefiting from the recent development of location-aware sensing technologies, large volumes of traffic flow data (e.g., taxi trajectory data) have been increasingly collected in spatial databases, which provides new opportunities to interpret transport systems in cities. This paper aims to analyze network traffic flow from the perspective of the properties of spatial connectivity, spatial aggregation, and spatial dynamics. To this end, we propose a three level framework to mine intra-city vehicle trajectory data. More specifically, the first step was to construct the network traffic flow, with nodes and edges representing the partitioned regions and associated traffic flows, respectively. We then detected community structures of network traffic flow based on their structural and traffic volume properties. Finally, we analyzed the variations of those communities across time for the dynamic transport system. Through experiments in Beijing city, we found that the method is effective in interpreting the mechanisms of urban space, and can provide references for administrative divisions.
Biomass Constituents and Physicochemical Properties of Some Tropical Softwoods

Softwoods are readily available in the tropics as found in Nigeria and most African forests; where they are used basically for timber purposes. Their biomass and physical constituents are great qualities needed to assess their values. These parameters (biomass and physicochemical constituents) were determined in some selected softwoods. The results shows that Combretodendron macrocarpum showed alkaline properties (8.12) while Glyphea brevis has a neutral pH (7.18). The rest of the softwoods were shown to test acidic with pH range of 4.53 – 6.95. The highest moisture content obtained gave value of 38% as found in Protea ellilottii closely followed by Tetrapleura tetraptera with moisture content of 37%. Highest recorded specific gravity values of 0.54 and 0.44 were obtained in Sacoglottis gabonensis and Cassipourea barteri respectively. Porosity index recorded for Amphimas pterocarpoides (2.44%) and Afzelia bella (2.24%) gave optimal values. Allanblackia floribunda with range of 95 – 121°C exhibited the highest charring temperature. Optimal lignin content (33%) was shown in Moringa oleifera. High hemicelluloses values of 33.5% and 32% were observed in Dichrostacys cinerea and Kaempteria galangal. Cassipourea barteri (50%) recorded the maximum cellulose content. Optimal crude fibre value of 5.7% was obtained in Cambretodendron macrocarpum followed by 5.55% value in Barteria nigritian. Afzelia bella with value of 1.72mg/g showed the highest content of carbohydrate in this research while Afzelia bella and Pentaclethra macrophylla with values of 7.85% and 7.77% respectively recorded the highest protein content.
Should I Include this Edge in my Prediction? Analyzing the Stability-Performance Tradeoff

Recent work addressing model reliability and generalization has resulted in a variety of methods that seek to proactively address differences between the training and unknown target environments. While most methods achieve this by finding distributions that will be invariant across environments, we will show they do not necessarily find the same distributions which has implications for performance. In this paper we unify existing work on prediction using stable distributions by relating environmental shifts to edges in the graph underlying a prediction problem, and characterize stable distributions as those which effectively remove these edges. We then quantify the effect of edge deletion on performance in the linear case and corroborate the findings in a simulated and real data experiment.