Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Major Religions: An Introduction with Texts

List of Illustrations.List of Maps.Preface to Second Edition.Preface to First Edition.Acknowledgments. Part I: The Religions of Indian Origin:. 1. Hinduism. Hinduism Texts.2. Buddhism. Buddhism Texts.3. Sikhism. Sikhism Texts.Part II: The Religions of Chinese Origin: . 5. Traditional Chinese Religion and Confucianism. Confucianism Texts.6. Taoism. Taoism Texts.7. Chinese Buddhism. Chinese Buddhism Texts.Part III: The Religions of Semitic Origin:. 8. Judaism. Israelite Religion. Rabbinic Judaism. Judaism Texts.9. Islam. Islam Texts.10. Christianity. Christianity Texts.Glossary. Index.
Biochemistry and Evolution of Anaerobic Energy Metabolism in Eukaryotes

SUMMARY Major insights into the phylogenetic distribution, biochemistry, and evolutionary significance of organelles involved in ATP synthesis (energy metabolism) in eukaryotes that thrive in anaerobic environments for all or part of their life cycles have accrued in recent years. All known eukaryotic groups possess an organelle of mitochondrial origin, mapping the origin of mitochondria to the eukaryotic common ancestor, and genome sequence data are rapidly accumulating for eukaryotes that possess anaerobic mitochondria, hydrogenosomes, or mitosomes. Here we review the available biochemical data on the enzymes and pathways that eukaryotes use in anaerobic energy metabolism and summarize the metabolic end products that they generate in their anaerobic habitats, focusing on the biochemical roles that their mitochondria play in anaerobic ATP synthesis. We present metabolic maps of compartmentalized energy metabolism for 16 well-studied species. There are currently no enzymes of core anaerobic energy metabolism that are specific to any of the six eukaryotic supergroup lineages; genes present in one supergroup are also found in at least one other supergroup. The gene distribution across lineages thus reflects the presence of anaerobic energy metabolism in the eukaryote common ancestor and differential loss during the specialization of some lineages to oxic niches, just as oxphos capabilities have been differentially lost in specialization to anoxic niches and the parasitic life-style. Some facultative anaerobes have retained both aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Diversified eukaryotic lineages have retained the same enzymes of anaerobic ATP synthesis, in line with geochemical data indicating low environmental oxygen levels while eukaryotes arose and diversified.
Nutrigenomics of extra‐virgin olive oil: A review

Nutrigenomics data on the functional components of olive oil are still sparse, but rapidly increasing. Olive oil is the main source of fat and health‐promoting component of the Mediterranean diet. Positive effects have been observed on genes involved in the pathobiology of most prevalent age‐ and lifestyle‐related human conditions, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. Other effects on health‐promoting genes have been identified for bioactive components of olives and olive leafs. Omics technologies are offering unique opportunities to identify nutritional and health biomarkers associated with these gene responses, the use of which in personalized and even predictive protocols of investigation, is a main breakthrough in modern medicine and nutrition. Gene regulation properties of the functional components of olive oil, such as oleic acid, biophenols and vitamin E, point to a role for these molecules as natural homeostatic and even hormetic factors with applications as prevention agents in conditions of premature and pathologic aging. Therapeutic applications can be foreseen in conditions of chronic inflammation, and particularly in cancer, which will be discussed in detail in this review paper as major clinical target of nutritional interventions with olive oil and its functional components. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):17–41, 2017
So Why Aren't Counselors Reporting n = 1 Research Designs?

There is a growing urgency for counseling to be evidence based. The n = 1 research paradigm offers counselors in the field an opportunity to evaluate their clinical casework and report this in methodologically rigorous form to their peers. Data from the past 20 years of the Journal of Counseling & Development indicate that n = 1 studies constitute just over 1% of the total articles reporting research data, and possible reasons for this are discussed, with some suggestions made for overcoming this reluctance.
Dynamic coordination polymers with 4,4'-oxybis(benzoate): reversible transformations of nano- and nonporous coordination frameworks responding to present solvents.

Reversible construction of a nanoporous framework from a nonporous framework has been found in the zinc(II) coordination polymer with 4,4'-oxybis(benzoate) (oba). [Zn(2)(oba)(2)(dmf)(2)]. 2DMF (1), which has 1 nm scale channels, transforms to the nonporous coordination polymer [Zn(oba)(H(2)O)] (2) with the loss of the open framework. Compound 2 on treatment with DMF reversibly yields nanoporous compound 1.
Human Resource Management Practices Aimed at Seeking The Commitment of Employees on Financial and Non-Financial (Subjective) Performance in Spanish Firms: An Empirical Contribution

The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and organizational performance in Spanish firms from a financial and non-financial perspective (subjective). The empirical study was conducted with a sample of 102 firms in the region of Andalucía (Spain). The results of statistical analysis have shown the fundamental role of establishing HRM practices aimed at seeking the employees’ commitment and its positive influence on organizational performance. Results also showed that the subjective measures for organizational performance better explained this phenomenon of study.
The elimination of the yeast [PSI+] prion by guanidine hydrochloride is the result of Hsp104 inactivation

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sup35p (eRF3), a subunit of the translation termination complex, can take up a prion‐like, self‐propagating conformation giving rise to the non‐Mendelian [PSI+] determinant. The replication of [PSI+] prion seeds can be readily blocked by growth in the presence of low concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl), leading to the generation of prion‐free [psi–] cells. Here, we provide evidence that GdnHCl blocks seed replication in vivo by inactivation of the molecular chaperone Hsp104. Although growth in the presence of GdnHCl causes a modest increase in HSP104 expression (20–90%), this is not sufficient to explain prion curing. Rather, we show that GdnHCl inhibits two different Hsp104‐dependent cellular processes, namely the acquisition of thermotolerance and the refolding of thermally denatured luciferase. The inhibitory effects of GdnHCl protein refolding are partially suppressed by elevating the endogenous cellular levels of Hsp104 using a constitutive promoter. The kinetics of GdnHCl‐induced [PSI+] curing could be mimicked by co‐expression of an ATPase‐negative dominant HSP104 mutant in an otherwise wild‐type [PSI+] strain. We suggest that GdnHCl inactivates the ATPase activity of Hsp104, leading to a block in the replication of [PSI+] seeds.
The NP9 protein encoded by the human endogenous retrovirus HERV‐K(HML‐2) negatively regulates gene activation of the Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2)

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is a human tumour virus that efficiently growth‐transforms primary human B‐lymphocytes in vitro. The viral nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) is essential for immortalisation of B‐cells and stimulates viral and cellular gene expression through interaction with DNA‐bound transcription factors. Like its cellular homologue Notch, it associates with the DNA‐bound repressor RBPJκ (CSL/CBF1) thereby converting RBPJκ into the active state. For instance, both EBNA2 and Notch activate the cellular HES1 promoter. In EBV‐transformed lymphocytes, the RNA of the NP9 protein encoded by human endogenous retrovirus HERV‐K(HML‐2) Type 1 is strongly up‐regulated. The NP9 protein is detectable both in EBV‐positive Raji cells, a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, and in IB4, an EBV‐transformed human lymphoblastoid cell line. NP9 binds to LNX that forms a complex with the Notch regulator Numb. Therefore, the function of NP9 vis‐à‐vis Notch and EBNA2 was analysed. Here, we show that NP9 binds to EBNA2 and negatively affects the EBNA2‐mediated activation of the viral C‐ and LMP2A promoters. In contrast, NP9 did neither interfere in the activation of the HES1 promoter by Notch nor the induction of the viral LMP1 promoter by EBNA2. In an electrophoretic mobility shift analysis, NP9 reduced the binding of EBNA2 to DNA‐bound RBPJκ by about 50%. The down‐regulation of EBNA2‐activity by NP9 might represent a cellular defence mechanism against viral infection or could, alternatively, represent an adaptation of the virus to prevent excessive viral protein production that might otherwise be harmful for the infected cell.
Scene Classification Based on Two-Stage Deep Feature Fusion

In convolutional neural networks (CNNs), higher layer information is more abstract and more task specific, so people usually concern themselves with fully connected (FC) layer features, believing that lower layer features are less discriminative. However, a few researchers showed that the lower layers also provide very rich and powerful information for image representation. In view of these study findings, in this letter, we attempt to adaptively and explicitly combine the activations from intermediate and FC layers to generate a new CNN with directed acyclic graph topology, which is called the converted CNN. After that, two converted CNNs are integrated together to further improve the classification performance. We validate our proposed two-stage deep feature fusion model over two publicly available remote sensing data sets, and achieve a state-of-the-art performance in scene classification tasks.
On the Aging Effects of 4H-SiC Schottky Photodiodes Under High Intensity Mercury Lamp Irradiation

Ultraviolet (UV) germicidal irradiation uses high-power 254-nm radiation from low-pressure mercury discharge lamps to kill or inactivate viral, bacterial, and fungal species. Since UV germicidal irradiation effectiveness depends primarily on the UV dose delivered to the microorganisms, it is essential to monitor the power emitted from the source by using appropriate UV-light detectors. We report on preliminary aging tests performed on high signal-to-noise ratio 4H-SiC Schottky photodiodes under high intensity mercury lamp irradiation (10 mW/cm2).
Clinical Features of Interstitial Lung Diseases

Objectives Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are heterogenous groups of disorders that involve the interstitium of the lung. Lung biopsy is mandatory in most cases of ILD for diagnosis. In Korea, a few clinical data about ILD were analyzed on the basis of pathologic proof. Thus, we analysed the clinical profiles of patients with ILD who had lung biopsy in a tertiary university hospital. Methods Clinical and pathologic data concerning 100 patients who had open lung biopsy (OLB) and/or transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) were prospectively analysed. Two patients were excluded because one patient was proven to have metastatic cancer and the other to have miliary tuberculosis. One patient had two combined diseases: rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis. Thus, 99 cases were analysed from 98 patients. Demographic characteristics, pulmonary functions and pathologic findings were analysed according to the disease entities of ILD. Pathologic findings were classified only in patients who had OLB. Clinical courses were also analysed during follow-up. Results OLB was performed on 68 cases with concomittant TBLB in 18 cases and 30 cases had TBLB only. Mediastinal lymph node biopsy has performed on one case. The most common cause of ILD was IPF (51.5%), which was followed by CVD-PF (15.2%) and HP (9.1%). Average age of 51 cases with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was 60±11 years, that of 15 cases with collagen vascular disease associated pulmonary fibrosis (CVD-PF) was 46±17 years and that of 9 cases with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) was 53±8.1 years. In IPF, CVD-PF AND HP, male to female ratio was equal. But female was dominant in sarcoidosis and male was dominant in pneumoconiosis. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) in IPF, CVD-PF and HP were restrictive patterns in half of the cases. In pneumoconiosis and sarcoidosis, PFT showed normal pattern. Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) was the most common pathologic type in IPF and CVD-PF. The most common cause of CVD-PF was rheumatoid arthritis. The overall mortality rate was 12.1%. Conclusion We reported that the ILD had a variety of disease entities and pathologic types even in one tertiary referral hospital. We hope that a multi-center study will be performed on the basis of pathologic proof in the future.
Cardiac stem cells and their clinical use

ABSTRACT Stem cells have been used to correct the ravages of atherosclerotic heart disease and other diseases that involve acute deficit of myocardial muscle, such as myocarditis. Previous attempts at using bone marrow derived from stem cells have not been particularly successful. New technologies using cardiac stem cells seem to offer a better perspective of obtaining such regeneration.
Estimation of intestinal protein digestibility of rapeseed and soybean products using a three-step enzymatic in vitro procedure

This study included 33 samples with main focus on unprotected or rumen protected rapeseed and soybean feedstuffs, which were analysed using an enzymatic in vitro procedure (EIVP) in order to determine intestinal crude protein (CP) digestibility (IPD) of ruminally undegraded CP (RUP). The EIVP involved the sequential digestion of samples with a protease from Streptomyces griseus, pepsinHCl and pancreatin. The concentration of S. griseus protease was related to the true protein content of the feed sample. Briefly, the EIVP started with determination of true protein. Feeds were incubated for 18 h in a buffer solution at a constant ratio (14 U/g) of S. griseus protease activity to feed true protein. The dried residues were incubated in pepsin-HCl solution for 1 h and residues from this step were incubated in pancreatin solution for 24 h. Generally, chemically treated soybean and rapeseed products revealed approximately 20% higher IPD values than physically treated feedstuffs. Moreover, results appeared to have lower IPD dimensions than literature-data of previous studies. In addition, correlation analysis of IPD in relation to different nutrient values revealed a negative correlation between acid detergent fibre and IPD, as well as a positive correlation between crude protein, true protein and IPD. To sum up, the EIVP seems to be a reliable, simple laboratory method to estimate IPD of RUP in concentrate feeds. However, future studies may be constricted since sufficient reference values, e.g. in vivo data is missing.
The need for technologies to prevent bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction syndrome.

Dramatic improvements in the overall socioeconomic conditions have yet to impact the unacceptably high maternal (approximately 1500 maternal deaths daily, worldwide) and neonatal morbidity and mortality (more than 10,000 deaths per daily 200,000 live-births, worldwide) in the developing nations. Thus, nations with emerging markets have unique health-societal needs. All infants require a safer transition from a birthing facility to home during the first week after birth and providing for a nurturing environment to prevent neonatal illnesses is integral to "good clinical practice. " The unmonitored occurrence of severe hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus are emblematic of a fractured maternal child healthcare system. The "know-do" gaps that span private versus public health care systems in the emerging markets have led us to conclude that building an interdisciplinary leadership approach to provide innovative strategies and affordable technologies will help bridge and access existing social barriers in the micro- and macro-health environments. Thus, unfettered access, global benchmarks, and culturally relevant strategies are dependent on evidence-based affordable technologies to successfully transform societal health care practices. Implementation of jaundice-related technologies should serve as a template for other affordable newborn health products.
Binding of Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein to the Inter-SH2 Domain of p85β Suggests a Novel Mechanism for Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Activation*

Influenza A virus NS1 protein stimulates host-cell phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling by binding to the p85β regulatory subunit of PI3K. Here, in an attempt to establish a mechanism for this activation, we report further on the functional interaction between NS1 and p85β. Complex formation was found to be independent of NS1 RNA binding activity and is mediated by the C-terminal effector domain of NS1. Intriguingly, the primary direct binding site for NS1 on p85β is the inter-SH2 domain, a coiled-coil structure that acts as a scaffold for the p110 catalytic subunit of PI3K. In vitro kinase activity assays, together with protein binding competition studies, reveal that NS1 does not displace p110 from the inter-SH2 domain, and indicate that NS1 can form an active heterotrimeric complex with PI3K. In addition, it was established that residues at the C terminus of the inter-SH2 domain are essential for mediating the interaction between p85β and NS1. Equivalent residues in p85α have previously been implicated in the basal inhibition of p110. However, such p85α residues were unable to substitute for those in p85β with regards NS1 binding. Overall, these data suggest a model by which NS1 activates PI3K catalytic activity by masking a normal regulatory element specific to the p85β inter-SH2 domain.
Particle-in-cell simulations of hollow cathode enhanced capacitively coupled radio frequency discharges

A two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation has been developed to study density enhancement of capacitively coupled rf discharges with multi-slit electrodes. The observed density increase is shown to result from a hollow cathode effect that takes place within the multi-slit electrode configuration, which forms as a result of secondary electron emission due to ion bombardment. By investigating the ionization and power deposition profiles, it is found that rf sheath heating is too weak to sustain the discharge, and that secondary electron acceleration within the sheath is the primary heating mechanism. Due to a capacitive voltage divider formed by the rf sheaths at each electrode, the area ratio of the powered and ground electrodes is observed to have a strong effect on the resulting discharge, and if the ground electrode area is too small, the voltage drop at the powered electrode is too low to sustain a hollow cathode discharge.
Cancer treatment and growth cone-associated protein in human olfactory bulb glomeruli.

BACKGROUND Growth cone-associated protein (GAP43) is found in growing axons and we hypothesized that systemic treatment with antineoplastic agents should disrupt regeneration of olfactory receptor cells. Disruption of regeneration should be evidenced by decreased presence of growing axons in the olfactory bulb. OBJECTIVE To evaluate GAP43 in human olfactory bulb in normal controls and in individuals receiving treatment for neoplasms. DESIGN Immunocytochemical studies were performed on autopsied human olfactory bulbs to identify both GAP43 and olfactory marker protein immunoreactivity. The former recognizes growing axons and the latter is a definitive marker of adult olfactory nerve. SUBJECTS Twenty-seven subjects were evaluated. Seven had received either antineoplastic agents and/or x-irradiation of the whole head. Four subjects were young, untreated controls, 10 were age matched to the treated group, and 2 had neoplasms but did not receive antineoplastic agents or irradiation of the head. In addition, 3 subjects with end-stage renal disease were immunostained. RESULTS Subjects treated with antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation of the whole head displayed no statistically significant loss of olfactory bulb glomeruli, but GAP43 immunoreactivity was markedly reduced in all but 1 subject (P<.32). The subjects with end-stage kidney disease showed frank loss of both GAP43 immunoreactivity and olfactory glomeruli. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with antineoplastic agents apparently does not damage olfactory epithelium directly but inhibits growth of new axons into the olfactory bulb. This observation suggests that the quality of olfactory experience may change during the course of treatment with antineoplastic agents because the olfactory nerve is not replaced.
Identification of Urinary Biomarkers of Colon Inflammation in IL10−/− Mice Using Short-Column LCMS Metabolomics

The interleukin-10-deficient (IL10−/−) mouse develops colon inflammation in response to normal intestinal microflora and has been used as a model of Crohn's disease. Short-Column LCMS metabolite profiling of urine from IL10−/− and wild-type (WT) mice was used, in two independent experiments, to identify mass spectral ions differing in intensity between these two genotypes. Three differential metabolites were identified as xanthurenic acid and as the glucuronides of xanthurenic acid and of α-CEHC (2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(2′-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman). The significance of several differential metabolites as potential biomarkers of colon inflammation was evaluated in an experiment which compared metabolite concentrations in IL10−/− and WT mice housed, either under conventional conditions and dosed with intestinal microflora, or maintained under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. Concentrations of xanthurenic acid, α-CEHC glucuronide, and an unidentified metabolite m/z 495−/497+ were associated with the degree of inflammation in IL10−/− mice and may prove useful as biomarkers of colon inflammation.
Aging has greater impact on anaerobic versus aerobic power in trained masters athletes

Abstract This study measured the relative rates of change of the three human energy systems across a 30-year age range. A cross-section of highly trained masters cyclists (n = 156 males and 17 females; 35–64 years) were tested for maximal cycling performance. There were 50 (29%) track sprint cyclists and the remaining (71%) were predominantly road cycling specialists. A 10 s peak power test measured anaerobic power, a 30 s test measured anaerobic capacity, and a progressive test to volitional fatigue was used to determine peak aerobic power. Participants’ exercise patterns were recorded using a physical activity recall questionnaire. Linear regression showed significant changes in anaerobic performance with aging. Peak anaerobic power (W · kg−1) declined at a rate (mean ± SEE) of 8.1 ± 4.1% per decade (P < 0.0001) and anaerobic capacity (kJ · kg−1) declined at 8.0 ± 3.3% per decade (P < 0.0001). Peak aerobic power [W · kg−1] did not change significantly with age [−1.8 ± 1.5% per decade (P = 0.218)]. This cross-sectional study showed performance of the two anaerobic energy systems declined significantly across the age spectrum with no change in aerobic capacity.
Trend time series modeling and forecasting with neural networks

Despite its great importance, there has been no general consensus on how to model the trends in time series data. Compared to traditional approaches, neural networks have shown some promise in time series forecasting. This paper investigates how to best model trend time series using neural networks. Four strategies (raw data, raw data with time index, detrending, and differencing) are used to model various simulated trend patterns (linear, nonlinear, deterministic, stochastic, and breaking trend). We find that with neural networks differencing often gives meritorious results regardless of the underlying DGPs. This finding is also confirmed by the real GNP series.