Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do processes for training future police officers improve their mental health

The selection and training of future police officer candidates are two fundamental processes in achieving an effective police force. From a psychological point of view, police officer training should improve candidates' mental health, so that they can perform their police work more appropriately, benefiting not only themselves but society as a whole. This article attempts to determine whether the training given to candidates selected for training prior to being selected as officers improves their mental health. There is no precedent for research in this regard, since work in Psychology has focused on verifying that subjects do not have psychological pathologies rather than examining the effect of the training they are given. This study looks at a sample of 713 persons selected for a pre-police training program designed to allow them to subsequently join the Peruvian police force. The Derogatis SCL-90 test was used as a personality measure. The test was administered before they received training and after they had completed it (only data from subjects who passed the police entrance exam were considered). The results indicate that the training process produced no changes in personality variables that imply major psychological pathologies, but such changes did occur in variables associated with lower degree psychological pathologies. We can therefore say that there was a decline in mental health among future police officers, or an increase in their psychological pathologies. We will discuss these results and identify the limitations of the study with an eye toward further research. It is recommended that training systems be created that improve the mental health of future police officers.
The Response of Soil Health to Different Tillage Practices in Organic Viticulture Farming

Turkish varieties of seedless grapes and raisins are among the most sought after varieties in domestic and international markets. The present study determined the influences of the four different tillage practices; mulching, chisel tillage, plow tillage and conventional tillage under organic. The experiment was distributed using complete randomized block design (RBD) with three replications consisting of 12 vines per plot. Overall, data showed that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were highest under mulching whereas, sodium, iron, and manganese were thehighest under conventional tillage, and finally Copper and Zinc were the highest under the control treatment. Soil organic matter content at a depth of 0-30 cm under mulching was significantlyhigher than those under other tillage practices. The response of soil micronutrients to mulching was higher compared to more intensive tillage practices.
CONNECTION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON TO MARITIME CONTINENT CONVECTION AND ENSO

The relationship between the intensity of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) and the Nino3.4 index and anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns associated with a strong and weak SCSSM are investigated using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) data and Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) data. The SCSSM is significantly positively correlated with the Nino3.4 index in the succeeding northern autumn and winter. In the strong minus weak SCSSM composite, a positive East Asia-Pacific teleconnection (EAP) pattern and a negative Europe-Asian-Pacific teleconnection (EUP) pattern appear in the 500 hPa height difference field; low-level cross-equatorial flows are strengthened over the Maritime Continent (MC) region; positive (negative) precipitation anomalies occur in the South China Sea and western north Pacific (MC). A possible mechanism through which SCSSM affects ENSO is proposed. A strong (weak) SCSSM strengthens (weakens) cross-equatorial flows over the MC. The anomalous cross-equatorial flows cool (warm) the SST around the MC through enhanced (reduced) surface latent heat fluxes. The cooling (warming) further leads to suppressed (enhanced) convection over the MC, and causes the anomalous westerly (easterly) in the equatorial western Pacific, which favors the onset of El Nino (La Nina) through modulating the positive air-sea feedback process.
Understanding labour income share dynamics in Europe

This paper seeks to understand labour share dynamics in Europe over the medium run. After documenting basic empirical regularities, we quantify the contribution of shifts in the sectoral and the employment composition of the economy to labour share movements. The findings from the shift-share analysis being on the descriptive side, we next identify the factors underlying labour share behaviour through a model-based approach. We proceed along the lines of Bentolila and Saint Paul (2003) but adopt a production function with capital-skill complementarity. We show that labour share movements are driven by a complex interplay of demand and supply conditions for capital and different skill categories of labour, the nature of technological progress and imperfect market structures. Based upon robust calibration, we show that most of the declining pattern in labour shares in nine EU15 Member States is governed by capital deepening in conjunction with capitalaugmenting technical progress and labour substitution across skill categories. Although institutional factors also play a significant role, they appear to be of somewhat less importance. To illustrate the relevance of the technological explanation we quantitatively assess the dynamic impact of a permanent reduction in the fraction of unskilled employment on the labour share. We find that, for a given elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled labour, the more skilled labour is complementary to capital, the more pronounced the decline in the labour share.
Seed germination characteristics of Halogeton glomeratus

Halogeton glomeratus (Bieb.) C.A. Mey, an annual forb in the family Chenopodiaceae, is widely distributed in the inland salt deserts of western North America. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of NaCl and temperature on seed germination and the recovery of germination responses after transfer to distilled water. Seeds of H. glomeratus were germinated at various temperature regimes (5-15°C, 10-20°C, 10-30°C, 15-25°C, 20-30°C, and 25-35°C), and salinities (0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mM NaCl) in a 12 h dark : 12 h light photoperiod. Increases in NaCl concentration progressively inhibited seed germination, and this inhibition was more substantial in the dark than in the photoperiod treatment. Seed germination at concentrations higher than 800 mM NaCl was low (10%). Cooler temperatures significantly inhibited germination in all treatments. A temperature regime of high night (25°C) and high day (35°C) temperatures led to higher germination. Rate of germination decreased with an increase in salinity and was highest at 25-35°C and lowest at 5-15°C temperature regimes. Seeds were transferred from salt solution to distilled water after 20 days, and those from high salinities recovered quickly at all temperature regimes. Recovery ger - mination percentages from the highest salinity treatment varied from 51 to 100% at various temperature regimes.
The effect of celebrity on brand attachment: social media celebrity or well-known celebrity?

Previous academic research has focused on the effect of the celebrity on brands by examining their characteristics and their congruence with brands. The aim of this paper is to reveal the effect of psychological distance on self-concept and how it determines brand attachment. We additionally compare two types of celebrities to reveal the different consequence. We suggest that actual self-congruence (vs. ideal self-congruence) increases psychological proximity, leading to higher consumer-celebrity attachment and brand attachment. In particular, we argue that social media celebrities (vs. well-known celebrity) can decrease psychological distance with consumers and boost brand attachment. We detected participants’ familiarity with the celebrities and assigned them to different conditions to examine their self-concept, psychological distance, attachment to celebrities and brand attachment. Findings show that consumers’ actual self-congruence and ideal self-congruence negatively influences psychological distance. The less the psychological distance between celebrities and consumers, the higher the consumer-celebrity attachment and brand attachment. Furthermore, consumers perceive higher actual self-congruence and lower psychological distance with social media celebrities. Social media celebrities also present significant difference with well-known celebrities in emotional brand attachment. In terms of managerial implication, companies should highlight celebrity’s actual self and ideal self in order to diminish their psychological distance between consumers and celebrities. Moreover, if the brand advocates the actual self-image of target customers, partnering with social media celebrities would be a superior choice. This strategy would not only generate higher emotional attachment than using main stream celebrities, it would also save the brand on costly endorsement fees.
A Study of the Effects of Total Quality Management on Occupational Safety Regulations

The aim of this study is to determine the role of total quality management (TQM) in controlling occupational health and safety operations which is highly significant to enterprises. Data has been obtained by survey technique which is one of the initial collection techniques. A questionnaire with 34 questions used by Gungor (2008) earlier has been conducted. Data has been attained from the employees’ answers to the questions of the survey who work at two different machine-manufacturing enterprises. Enterprises have been chosen intentionally from those that one of them applies TQM and the other doesn’t. Data was analyzed by SPSS-20 software. At the end of the research, it has been revealed that the enterprise which implements TQM, has more regulations about occupational safety than the other enterprise which doesn’t implement TQM. In conclusion, it has been detected that the TQM applications have a positive effect on occupational safety regulations.
Empirical Study on the Antecedents Predicting Organizational Innovation of the Small and Medium Enterprises in Bangladesh

Na era da competicao global, a inovacao tornou-se um objetivo central para obter um futuro sustentavel por uma organizacao superar seus contrapartes. Este estudo empirico, com base na pesquisa de questionarios sobre vestuario pre-fabricado (RMGs) em pequenas e medias empresas (PMEs) no Bangladesh, tem como objetivo encontrar o impacto da lideranca transformacional (TL), gestao do conhecimento (KM), comportamento de cidadania ou desvio positivo (PD) e motivacao intrinseca (IM) na inovacao organizacional (OI). A amostragem aleatoria estratificada tem sido utilizada para recolher as respostas das PME em Bangladesh. A analise de dados mostra que TL, KM, IM e PD podem prever de forma significativa a OI. Limitacoes, implicacoes e outras orientacoes de pesquisa tambem foram discutidas neste artigo.
Mécanismes neurophysiologiques de la perception de flux sonores chez l'Homme : effets des contexts acoustiques et attentionnels.

La perception auditive repose notamment sur la separation des sources sonores simultanement actives (l'analyse de la scene auditive) et l'extraction d'attributs frequentiels et spatiaux. Nous avons precise les mecanismes neurophysiologiques impliques dans ces processus en explorant les reponses electrophysiologiques corticales a des flux sonores de longue duree, dans differents contextes acoustiques et attentionnels, a partir d'enregistrements EEG de surface ou intracerebraux chez l'Homme. Les resultats suggerent un encodage differentiel des attributs frequentiels et spatiaux dans le cortex auditif. La perception de deux flux sonores simultanes reposerait en partie sur des mecanismes de selectivite frequentielle et d'habituation. L'attention auditive faciliterait la selection d'un son dans un melange acoustique en augmentant les reponses corticales aux informations pertinentes et en diminuant celles aux sons distracteurs; ces mecanismes etant controles par un reseau fronto-parietal.
Development and Evaluation of an Online Training-tool for the Assessment of Animal-based Welfare Parameters in Cattle

Self-evaluation of animal welfare by farmers has recently been encouraged, e.g. by the Austrian organic farming association BIO AUSTRIA. However, rather little is known how a resource-efficient training of a large number of farmers could take place and which level of agreement might be achieved. For this purpose, in the present study, an online training-tool for the assessment of 10 animal-based parameters of dairy cattle welfare was established. Th is tool included online quizzes containing pictures or video clips of selected animal-based parameters which had to be assessed by the test persons. IOR as compared to a gold standard (calculated as Cohen’s Kappa κ) was investigated. Furthermore, it was of interest whether practice in terms of repeated trials leads to improvement. In total, 938 κ values from 111 users were obtained from the 10 different quizzes. The average agreement per quiz in round 1 reached values of κ ≥ 0.40 (n = 58–100 users). For the parameters cleanliness and diarrhoea, κ exceeded 0.40 for all test persons in round 1. Agreement was lowest for the parameters body condition, hairless patches and lameness. Retaking the quizzes (round 2, n = 14–24) led to significant improvement of agreement for all parameters, except for hairless patches and lameness. In conclusion, the results of this study are promising as regards the intended use of the training-tool. However, its potential to improve reliability of live on-farm assessments needs to be further investigated, e.g. with regard to transferability to live observations.
To What Extent Do Social Benefits and Income Tax Alter Income Distribution in Poland

The paper aims at evaluating redistributive effect of personal income tax and social benefits in Poland, i.e. redistributive impact of net tax. In this study, the Lorenz Curve approach, including income distribution parameters is applied; the fiscal system redistributive effect is measured in relative terms and the Kakwani decomposition is used. The methodology is applied to the data of Polish households in the period 2008−2013 (in each year, the size of the empirical sample is about 37 000 units). The performed analysis showed that tax-benefit system reduced income inequality by 19.84% on average. The net tax redistributive impact was mainly the result of large redistributive influence of social benefits, whereas redistributive effect of income tax was much weaker. The re-ranking effect was the factor which lowered the overall net tax redistributive effect.
Mapping and Current Available Nutrient Deficiencies in Soils of Chittoor District Soils of Andhra Pradesh, India

Soil plays a major role in determining the sustainable productivity of an agro ecosystem. The sustainable productivity of a soil mainly depends upon its ability to supply essential nutrients to the crop. The deficiency of micronutrients has become a major constraint in optimizing crop productivity and soil sustainability (Bingham, 1982; Chesnin and Yien, 1950). The availability of micronutrients in soil is dependent on the parent material, pedogenic process and soil management which may promote, in some cases a reduction of cationic micronutrients content. Reduction in native levels of micronutrients in soils due to continuous shipping away of micronutrients without replenishment has been a cause of concern for all the stakeholders. It is well known that optimum plant growth and crop yields depend upon plant available micronutrients to the crop not on their total concentration.
The first seven months of an infant of Alouatta guariba (Humboldt) (Primates, Atelidae): interactions and the development of behavioral patterns

The development of the interactions of an infant primate with its mother and the other members of its social group plays a special role in the ethology and demography of the species, with consequences for their survive and their conservation. The objective of the present study is to investigate the development of an infant of Alouatta guariba (Humboldt, 1812) in the wild, its behavior and interactions during its first seven months of age, in a remnant of Araucaria Pine Forest in Paraná State, Brazil. Using the method of instantaneous scanning with 5 min intervals, a total of 46 hours and 15 minutes of direct observation (555 individual records) showed that the infant behavioral patterns during its first four months were characterized by high dependency, which decreased progressively until the appearance of typically juvenile behaviors during the remaining 3 months. The first records of feeding on solid food, tail functionality and allomaternal care were also recorded and discussed. This work contributes to an understanding of the ontogenetic development of a poorly known aspect of this species, and thus for a more understanding of the genus Alouatta Lacépède, 1799.
A Study of the Error Covariance Matrix of Radar Rainfall Estimates in Stratiform Rain. Part II: Scale Dependence

Abstract The contribution of various physical sources of uncertainty affecting radar rainfall estimates at the ground has been recently quantified at a resolution typically used in schemes assimilating rainfall at the ground onto mesoscale models. Here, the contribution of the two most important sources of uncertainty at nonattenuating wavelengths (the range-dependent error and the uncertainty due to the Z–R transformation) and their interaction are studied as a function of the resolution of radar observations. The analysis is carried out using a large dataset of collocated reflectivity profiles from the McGill S-band radar and disdrometric measurements obtained in stratiform rainfall at resolutions of 1 × 1, 5 × 5, and 15 × 15 km2. Results show that the errors affecting radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) have a strong dependence with range, and that their structure is scale dependent. At the analyzed resolutions, QPE errors are significantly correlated in time and over several grid points.
EFFECTS OF USING SUCROSE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS AS PRETREATMENTS ON DEHYDRATION OF BITTER LEAF (Vernonia amygdalina)

Leafy vegetables are highly perishable. Bitter leaf is a medicinal plant and nutritionally rich. Having bitter leaf in dry form will extend its shelf life, enhance easy packaging and transportation to many parts of the world. This work studied dehydration and rehydration of bitter leaves using osmotic solutions. Bitter leaves were dehydrated using 30% sucrose, 40% sucrose, 30% sucrose + 10% NaCl, and 40% sucrose + 10% NaCl solutions for 1-4 h and finally dried in an oven at 40 C. Dehydrated leaves were rehydrated for 30– 90 min. Mass transfer kinetics, rehydration and organoleptic qualities were evaluated. Results showed that pH of osmotic solution, weight loss and solid gain increased with an increase in osmotic treatment time. Increase in rehydration time led to an increase in dry matter loss and pH of rehydration solution. Untreated sample took longer time to dry. Moisture of dried products (7.98-8.60%), protein (4147%), fat (11.49-11.23%), ash (11.15-12.33%), fibre (7.23-9.47%). Organoleptic scores showed that all parameters measured had scores above 5.90 out of 9 points. Results showed the feasibility of dehydrating bitter leaf using osmotic treatment without significant change in quality, which can increase access to it. It may serve as an excellent raw material for the healthy food industry. The knowledge about moisture transfer kinetics, as well as rehydration is needed by the industry to manage and control efficiently drying process. Short dehydration time required by osmotically treated bitter leaf will reduce energy cost during dehydration as well as increase turn over. Keyword: Dehydration; rehydration; mass transfer kinetics; osmotic solutions; proximate analysis; organoleptic Submitted: 26.02. 2016 Reviewed: 11.05. 2016 Accepted: 30.06. 2016
ON THE STRENGTH PROBLEM IN CHAIN ELEMENTS OVERLOADED DURING MAINTENANCE OF BIO-FUEL CONVEYOR

Small deviations in maintenance conditions of chains influence on various cases of deformations that usually are not mentioned in the chain maintenance guide. In the case of small distortion of chain axis the chain is loaded by transversal load and chain elements incur a bending moment. These additional loads increase stress value on area of chain axle and it comes close to the value of ultimate stress. In this article the original evaluation methodology of geometrical and mechanical characteristics is presented according to chain loading kinetics. Also this article covers related measurement and calculation results that were used as tools for verification of presented methodology. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.mech. 18.6. 3171
Nutrient inputs from seabirds and humans on a populated coral cay

Inputs of inorganic nutnents in 1992 from seabirds (white-capped noddy and wedgetail shearwater, maximum of ca 80 000 breeding pairs) are compared to inputs from humans (97 700 person days) on Heron Island at the southern end of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. We estimated that nod- dies deposited ca 107 t and shearwaters ca 22 t, of fresh guano The composition of fresh noddy guano was 7.3 % nitrogen 1.5 % phosphorus. 60 % moisture and 31.2 % other substances. Assuming a similar composition for shearwaters the total annual deposition of guano contained 9.4 t nitrogen and 1.9 t phosphorus. Experiments examining effects of ageing of guano indicated a large decrease in total nitrogen in guano under humid conditions over 4 d as a result of volatilisation of NH3. Under natural conditions most of the deposited nitrogen is likely to be lost as NH, and a relatively small fraction ot the soluble component leached into the cay, but the precise dynamics will depend on ramfall and wind patterns. Phosphorus was not volatilised from guano under any expenmental conditions. Although inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus from human sewage into the cay system (ca 0.3 t of each) were much less than that from birds, all nutrients from humans are released in liquid form and percolate directly into the cay. Significant seasonal and tidal variations in standing concentratlons of NH3 oxidised forms of nitrogen (NO2,+NO3), and PO4, were detected in the water column around the island. Trends of higher mean concentrations of all nutrients in summer than in winter, and higher concentrations at low tide than at high tide except at sites close to the Island where nutrient levels were high independent of tide suggest that nutrients may be transported from guano on Heron Island into the water immediately surrounding the island The exact fate and mechanisms of transport of all nutnents require further attention.