Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outpatient treatment in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: the Hestia Study

Summary. Background: Traditionally, patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) are initially treated in the hospital with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The results of a few small non‐randomized studies suggest that, in selected patients with proven PE, outpatient treatment is potentially feasible and safe. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of outpatient treatment according to predefined criteria in patients with acute PE. Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study of patients with objectively proven acute PE was conducted in 12 hospitals in The Netherlands between 2008 and 2010. Patients with acute PE were triaged with the predefined criteria for eligibility for outpatient treatment, with LMWH (nadroparin) followed by vitamin K antagonists. All patients eligible for outpatient treatment were sent home either immediately or within 24 h after PE was objectively diagnosed. Outpatient treatment was evaluated with respect to recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), including PE or deep vein thrombosis (DVT), major hemorrhage and total mortality during 3 months of follow‐up. Results: Of 297 included patients, who all completed the follow‐up, six (2.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8–4.3) had recurrent VTE (five PE [1.7%] and one DVT [0.3%]). Three patients (1.0%, 95% CI 0.2–2.9) died during the 3 months of follow‐up, none of fatal PE. Two patients had a major bleeding event, one of which was fatal intracranial bleeding (0.7%, 95% CI 0.08–2.4). Conclusion: Patients with PE selected for outpatient treatment with predefined criteria can be treated with anticoagulants on an outpatient basis. (Dutch Trial Register No 1319; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/index.asp).
Patient Safety in Obstetrics and Gynecology Departments of two Teaching Hospitals in Delhi

Background: A healthy safety culture is integral to positive health care. A sound safety climate is required in Obstetrics and Gynecology to prevent adverse outcomes. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess and compare patient safety culture in two departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Materials and Methods: Using a closed-ended standard version of Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS), respondents were asked to answer 42 survey items, grouped into 10 dimensions and two outcome variables in two tertiary care teaching hospitals in Delhi. Qualitative data were compared using Fisher's exact test and chi-square test wherever applicable. Mean values were calculated and compared using unpaired t-test. Results: The overall survey response rate was 55%. A positive response rate of 57% was seen in the overall perception of patient safety that ranged from very good to acceptable. Sixty-four percent showed positive teamwork across hospital departments and units, while 36% gave an affirmative opinion with respect to interdepartmental handoffs. However, few adverse events (0-10) were reported in the last 12 months and only 38% of mistakes by doctors were reported. Half of the respondents agreed that their mistakes were held against them. There was no statistical difference in the safety culture between the two hospitals. Conclusions: Although the perception of patient safety and standards of patient safety were high in both the hospitals' departments, there is plenty of scope for improvement with respect to event reporting, positive feedback, and nonpunitive error.
Determinants of cultural adaptation, communication quality, and trust in virtual teams' performance

A virtual team is a network group where team members from different cultures are temporarily gathered together for the period of a mission. The present research proposes a general model of virtual teams to investigate how cultural adaptation, communication quality, and trust affect the performance of virtual teams and their interaction with each other. A qualitative method is applied in the study. Four virtual team members from diverse teams are interviewed in order to explore how virtual teams work and whether propositions are confirmed in practice. The analysis results reveal that cultural adaptation, communication quality, and trust have positive effects on the performance of virtual teams. For virtual teams, research findings imply that team leaders should be aware of cultural differences as well as project issues within teams.
The Merseyside Objective One Programme: Exemplar of Coherent City-regional Planning and Governance or Cautionary Tale?

This paper demonstrates how the Merseyside Objective One (MO1) programme provided a platform for sub-regional partners to develop a consensus about strategic economic development priorities and resulted in innovations and collective learning particularly in terms of community economic development and closer engagement of Higher Educational Institutions and the private sector. However, such gains were partially offset by over-complex management arrangements, blurred accountability, competition for resources and match funding problems. Devolution of responsibility for programme content and implementation under the new Structural Fund regulations should allow partners to address many of these shortcomings in the second MO1 programme. Tighter financial controls may, however, reduce room for manoeuvre and discourage experimentation.
Spring-mass characteristics during human locomotion: Running experience and physiological considerations of blood lactate accumulation

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine how running experience affects leg stiffness (Kleg) and spring-mass characteristics during running stages associated with the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). Seven trained (66.9 ± 4.8 kg; 182 ± 4.0 cm; 23.1 ± 3.1 years) and 13 untrained (78.5 ± 7.6 kg; 182 ± 3.0 cm; 20.3 ± 1.5 years) runners completed an incremental treadmill run. Running velocity was increased by 1 km.h−1 every four minutes and blood lactate samples were taken at every stage, in addition to a 10 s video recording using ‘Runmatic’. Once 4 mmol L−1 (OBLA; the second lactate turn point) had been reached one more stage was completed. Spring-mass characteristics across groups and at pre-OBLA, OBLA and post-OBLA were compared. The velocity at OBLA was higher for the trained runners compared to the untrained runners (18 ± 0.7 vs 11 ± 1.3 km.h−1, p < 0.001). Kleg was similar between untrained and trained runners across each stage (15.8 ± 0.3 vs 14.3 ± 0.3 kN.m) and did not change between stages, yet spring-mass characteristics differed between groups. Vertical stiffness increased in the trained runners from pre-OBLA to post-OBLA (45.5 ± 3.35–51.9 ± 3.61 kN−1), but not in untrained runners (35.0 ± 5.2–39.6 ± 5.7 kN−1). Kleg was strongly related to Fpeak for trained runners only (r = 0.79; untrained runners, r = 0.34). Kleg was unaffected by physiological training status and was maintained across all OBLA stages. Trained runners appear to have optimised their spring-mass system in a homogenous manner, whilst less consistent spring-mass characteristics were observed in untrained runners.
Sudden infant death syndrome during low incidence in Sweden 1997–2005

Background: Following the change from prone to supine in preferred sleeping position, the incidence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in Sweden fell from 1.1 per 1000 live births in 1992 to 0.41 in 1995. After a further small decline, we have been experiencing a plateau at around 0.25 since 2000.
The bank lending channel and Swiss banking: a survey-based approach

This paper investigates the issue of the bank-lending channel in Switzerland. Using survey data to reflect loan supply and demand factors, we investigate the dynamic behaviour of aggregate loans in a VAR setting. Our findings indicate that higher interest rates lead to tightened loan approvals, and liquidity is a binding constraint as the contraction in deposits exceeds the reduction in loan growth following a monetary shock. Thus, banks’ actions seem to aggravate (ameliorate) the initial effects of higher (lower) interest rates on aggregate demand.
Development of a clinical practice guideline for orthodontically induced external apical root resorption

Summary Objectives To develop a clinical practice guideline on orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (EARR), with evidence-based and, when needed, consensus-based recommendations concerning diagnosis, risk factors, management during treatment, and after-treatment care. Materials and methods The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument and the Dutch Method for Evidence-Based Guideline Development were used to develop the guideline. Based on a survey of all Dutch orthodontists, we formulated four clinical questions regarding EARR. To address these questions, we conducted systematic literature searches in MEDLINE and Embase, and we performed a systematic literature review. The quality of evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. After discussing the evidence, a Task Force formulated considerations and recommendations. The drafted guideline was sent for comments to all relevant stakeholders. Results Eight studies were included. The quality of evidence (GRADE) was rated as low or very low. Only the patient-related risk factors, ‘gender’ and ‘age’, showed a moderate quality of evidence. The Task Force formulated 13 final recommendations concerning the detection of EARR, risk factors, EARR management during treatment, and after-treatment care when EARR has occurred. Stakeholder consultation resulted in 51 comments on the drafted guideline. After processing the comments, the final guideline was authorized by the Dutch Association of Orthodontists. The entire process took 3 years. Limitations The quality of the available evidence was mainly low, and patient-reported outcome measures were lacking. Conclusions/implications This clinical practice guideline allows clinicians to respond to EARR based on current knowledge, although the recommendations are weak due to low-quality evidence. It may reduce variation between practices and aid in providing patients appropriate information.
Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Stereopsis: How Do Simple Cells in the Visual Cortex Encode Binocular Disparity?

Binocular neurons in the visual cortex are thought to form the neural substrate for stereoscopic depth perception. How are the receptive fields of these binocular neurons organized to encode the retinal position disparities that arise from binocular parallax? The conventional notion is that the two receptive fields of a binocular neuron have identical shapes, but are spatially offset from the point of retinal correspondence (zero disparity). We consider an alternative disparity-encoding scheme, in which the two receptive fields may differ in shape (or phase), but are centered at corresponding retinal locations. Using a reverse-correlation technique to obtain detailed spatiotemporal receptive-field maps, we provide support for the latter scheme. Specifically, we show that receptive-field profiles for the left and right eyes are matched for cells that are tuned to horizontal orientations of image contours. However, for neurons tuned to vertical orientations, the left and right receptive fields are predominantly dissimilar in shape. These results show that the striate cortex possesses a specialized mechanism for processing vertical contours, which carry the horizontal–disparity information needed for stereopsis. Thus, in a major modification to the traditional notion of the neural basis of stereopsis, we propose that binocular simple cells encode horizontal disparities in terms of phase at multiple spatial scales. Implications of this scheme are discussed with respect to the size–disparity correlation observed in psychophysical studies.
No such thing as … a “one best way” to manage organizational change

States that the ability to manage change is now recognized as a core organizational competence, and this is reflected in the large number of books and articles devoted to prescribing how success in this area can be achieved. Notes that although these prescriptions may vary significantly, they all tend to argue that their way is the “one best way” for all organizations. Challenges the idea that there can be a “one best way” and instead seeks to replace prescription with choice. Begins by reviewing the two main models of change ‐ the planned and emergent approaches ‐ before moving on to discuss the merits of adopting a contingency model of change. However, argues that such an approach does not offer real choice: instead it merely seeks to replace one set of prescriptions with another. Concludes by calling for a recognition that organizations do have real choices in what they change and how they change it.
“It takes fire to make steel”: Stories of two African American males finding purpose through their college experiences

Purpose – This study aims to understand the asset and success factors that contributed to college completion of African American males who persisted through college. Only a dismal 22 per cent of African American males receive bachelor’s degrees compared to 41 per cent of White males (Kena et al., 2015). Design/methodology/approach – The data were analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. The authors interviewed two first-generation African-American males from rural backgrounds to capture their experiences of their process to college completion. Findings – Themes, based in cultural capital theory, that impacted their college persistence were identified within their pre-college experiences, college experiences and post-college perceptions. Recommendations for helping rural African-American males attend and persist through college are offered. Research limitations/implications – Only two participants from one predominately white institution in the southeastern USA were interviewed. Rural student.
Use of Nontraditional Temperatures on Aluminum Caged Centrifuged Rotors Annealing—Assessment of the Viability and Effectiveness in Reducing Interbar Losses

Due to differences in the manufacturing process, centrifuged rotors have higher efficiency and interbar resistance than those produced by the high-pressure die-casting process. Therefore, the annealing applied to high-pressure die casted rotors to improve the insulation of the cage is not traditionally applied by manufacturers to centrifuged rotors. This study evaluates the effect of the traditional 450 °C heat treatment on centrifuged rotors, as well as the feasibility and effects of 520 oC rotor annealing, temperature not recommended for high-pressure die-casted rotors. The efficiency measurements were performed with a dynamometer, using small single-phase motors, usually applied in domestic refrigeration compressors, with a standard stator kept under controlled conditions. A structured test was performed to assess the effects in a mass production scenario, aiming to reflect the variation of the production parameters within the manufacturer specifications.
Distinctive mechanisms underlie the emission of social electric signals of submission in Gymnotus omarorum

ABSTRACT South American weakly electric fish (order Gymnotiformes) rely on a highly conserved and relatively fixed electromotor circuit to produce species-specific electric organ discharges (EODs) and a variety of meaningful adaptive EOD modulations. The command for each EOD arises from a medullary pacemaker nucleus composed of electrotonically coupled intrinsic pacemaker and bulbospinal projecting relay cells. During agonistic encounters, Gymnotus omarorum signals submission by interrupting its EOD (offs) and emitting transient high-rate barrages of low-amplitude discharges (chirps). Previous studies in Gymnotiformes have shown that electric signal diversity is based on the segregation of descending synaptic inputs to pacemaker or relay cells and differential activation of the neurotransmitter receptors –for glutamate or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) – of these cells. Therefore, we tested whether GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs to pacemaker nucleus neurons are involved in the emission of submissive electric signals in G. omarorum. We found that GABA applied to pacemaker cells evokes EOD interruptions that closely resemble natural offs. Although in other species chirping is probably due to glutamatergic suprathreshold depolarization of relay cells, here, application of glutamate to these cells was unable to replicate the emission of this submissive signal. Nevertheless, chirp-like discharges were emitted after the enhancement of excitability of relay cells by blocking an IA-type potassium current and, in some cases, by application of vasotocin, a status-dependent modulator peptide of G. omarorum agonistic behavior. Modulation of the electrophysiological properties of pacemaker nucleus neurons in Gymnotiformes emerges as a novel putative mechanism endowing electromotor networks with higher functional versatility. Summary: The modulation of the excitability of neurons of the electromotor command nucleus emerges as a novel cellular mechanism expanding the repertoire of electric communication signals in freshwater weakly electric fish.
Introducing the Global Terrorism Database

Compared to most types of criminal violence, terrorism poses special data collection challenges. In response, there has been growing interest in open source terrorist event data bases. One of the major problems with these data bases in the past is that they have been limited to international events—those involving a national or group of nationals from one country attacking targets physically located in another country. Past research shows that domestic incidents greatly outnumber international incidents. In this paper we describe a previously unavailable open source data base that includes some 70,000 domestic and international incidents since 1970. We began the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) by computerizing data originally collected by the Pinkerton Global Intelligence Service (PGIS). Following computerization, our research team has been working for the past two years to validate and extend the data to real time. In this paper, we describe our data collection efforts, the strengths and weaknesses of open source data in general and the GTD in particular, and provide descriptive statistics on the contents of this new resource.
Latency: another potential code for feature binding in striate cortex.

1. We recorded the responses of 37 striate cortical complex cells in fixating monkeys while presenting a set of oriented stimuli that varied in contrast. 2. The two response parameters of strength and latency can be interpreted as a code: the strength defines the stimulus form (here the orientation), and the latency is more a function of the stimulus contrast. 3. Synchronization based on latency could make a strong contribution to the process of organizing the neural responses to different objects, i.e., binding.
Validation of WEPS for soil and PM10 loss from agricultural fields within the Columbia Plateau of the United States

Wind erosion from agricultural fields contributes to poor air quality within the Columbia Plateau of the United States. Erosion from fields managed in a conventional winter wheat–summer fallow rotation was monitored during the fallow period near Washtucna, WA, in 2003 and 2004. Loss of soil and PM10 (particulates ≤10 µm in diameter) was measured during six high wind events (sustained wind speed at 3 m height >6·4 m s−1). Soil loss associated with suspension, saltation and creep as well as PM10 emission was used to validate the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) erosion submodel. Input parameters for WEPS simulations were measured before each high wind event. The erosion submodel produced no erosion for half of the observed events and over‐predicted total soil loss by 200–700 kg ha−1 for the remaining events. The model appears to over‐predict total soil loss as a result of overestimating creep, saltation and suspension. The model both over‐predicted and under‐predicted PM10 loss. High values for the index of agreement (d > 0·5) suggest that the performance of the model is acceptable for the conditions of this study. While the performance of the model is acceptable, improvements can be made in modeling efficiency by better specifying the static threshold friction velocity or coefficients that govern emissions, abrasion and breakage of silt loams on the Columbia Plateau. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance Analysis and Design of Triple-Resonance Interstage Peaking for Wide-Band Cascaded CMOS Amplifiers

The analysis and design of the two promising candidates for interstage bandwidth enhancement of integrated wide-band cascaded amplifiers (CAs), namely series-shunt (SH) and shunt-series (HS) triple-resonance peaking, are presented. The principal operation of both peaking networks is described qualitatively in time-domain where the inherent bandwidth superiority of SH peaking is revealed. With the help of triple resonance concept, a rigorous and insightful analysis is then given in frequency domain. Analytical equations applicable to both networks have been derived to enable the proper inductance selection and to quantify the bandwidth advantage of SH peaking. In addition, various frequency characteristics of the networks are discussed through the investigation of their triple resonant frequency locations. This is followed by detailed analysis on the important nonidealities due to transistors gate resistance and inductors' losses. The effectiveness of theoretical analysis is demonstrated via design and simulation of SHCA and HSCA with identical number of stages, gain and power consumption. The results show good agreement between theoretical analysis and simulation where the SHCA outperforms its HS counterpart in bandwidth while other performances are practically identical.