Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internal Wave Generation Over Rough, Sloped Topography: An Experimental Study

Internal Wave Generation Over Rough, Sloped Topography: An Experimental Study Lauren E. Eberly Department of Mechanical Engineering, BYU Master of Science Internal waves exist everywhere in stratified fluids fluids whose density changes with depth. The two largest bodies of stratified fluid are the atmosphere and ocean. Internal waves are generated from a variety of mechanisms. One common mechanism is wind forcing over repeated sinusoidal topography, like a series of hills. When modeling these waves, linear theory has been employed due to its ease and low computational cost. However, recent research has shown that non-linear effects, such as boundary layer separation, may have a dramatic impact on wave generation. This research has consisted of experimentation on sloped, sinusoidal hills. As of yet, no experimental research has been done to characterize internal wave generation when repeated sinusoidal hills lie on a sloped surface such as a continental slope or a foothill. In order to perform this experiment, a laboratory was built which employed the synthetic schlieren method of wave visualization. Measurements were taken to find wind speed, boundary layer thickness, and density perturbation. From these data, an analysis was performed on wave propagation angle, wave amplitude, and pressure drag. The result of the analysis shows that when wind blows across a series of sloped sinusoidal hills, fluid becomes trapped in the troughs of the hills resulting in a lower apparent forcing amplitude. The generated waves contain less energy than linear predictions. Additionally, the sloped hills produce waves which propagate at an angle away from the viewer. A necessary correction, which shifts from the reference frame of the observer to the reference plane of the waves is described. When this correction is applied, it is shown that linear theory may only be applied for low Froude numbers. At high Froude numbers, the effect of the boundary layer is great enough that the wave characteristics deviate significantly from linear theory predictions. The analyzed data agrees well with previous studies which show a similar deviation from linear theory.
Exploitation of agro industrial residues as a substrate for the biodegradable polymer production using polyhydroxybutyrate accumulating bacteria

Agro industrial residues considered as agro-wastes, generated during the processing of crops are produced in large quantities every year worldwide. Major quantities of these on-farm agricultural residues are burnt in the field itself. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), well known macromolecule naturally produced by many species of microorganisms, is being considered as a replacement for conventional plastics; however, the major drawback in PHB commercialization falls due to its high production cost. In the present study agro residues such as wheat bran and rice bran were studied as a cost effective substrate for the replacement of carbon source for the production of PHB using B. subtilis. The agro residues were initially hydrolyzed; different concentrations were amended in the minimal salt medium and investigated for PHB production. Several parameters such as incubation time, pH, temperature were optimized prior to the addition of agro residues for the production of PHB. The PHB produced were partially purified and further characterized using FTIR analysis. The results showed that the agro residues are found to be potential suitable substrate for the replacement of carbon source during the production of PHB.
Flooding of Chinese Goods and its Impacts in Other Countries’ Exports: A Firm-Level Investigation

China’s accession to the WTO has shifted international trade and the literature on its impact in other countries’ exports is still scant. This paper aims to contribute to this literature by investigating the impact of Chinese expansion in the international trade in the exports of three Latin American (LA) countries: Brazil, Mexico and Peru. Considering developed and developing countries as destinations from these LA countries, results suggest that these three countries were affected by the insertion of China in the international trade. Overall, firms of these three countries lost 5.7% of their exports to the US and 7.2% to the EU due to China expansion. In terms of volume, these three countries lost USD 9 billion dollars of exports just in the US market. Comparing the outcomes between countries, Brazil seems to be the most affected compared to Mexico and Peru in relative terms. Looking at the margins and types of goods, final goods suffered more from the Chinese competition compared to intermediaries, yet it is not feasible to distinguish which margin, intensive or extensive, was mostly affected.
Stability of the interstellar hydrogen inflow longitude from 20 years of SOHO/SWAN observations

Aims. A recent debate on the decade-long stability of the interstellar He flow vector, and in particular the flow longitude, has prompted us to check for any variability in the interstellar H flow vector as observed by the SWAN instrument on board SOHO. Methods. We used a simple model-independent method to determine the interstellar H flow longitude, based on the parallax effects induced on the Lyman-{\alpha} intensity measured by SWAN following the satellite motion around the Sun. Results. Our results show that the interstellar H flow vector longitude does not vary significantly from an average value of 252.9$^{\circ}$ $\pm$ 1.4$^{\circ}$ throughout the 20-year span of the SWAN dataset, further strengthening the arguments for the stability of the interstellar gas flow.
OF LOCALLY-GENERATED REVENUE AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE IN IMPROVING DISTRICTS AND MUNICIPALITIES ’ S ECONOMY GROWTH IN NORTH MALUKU

The aims of the present research are to comprehend and to analyze the Effects of Locallygenerated Revenue and Capital Expenditure in Improving Districts and Municipalities’s Economy Growth in North Maluku. This research is categorized as verificative research. The data source was taken from Central Bureau of Statistics of Districts/Municipalities in North Maluku, Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia and Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. The population of this research was Finance Report in 8 regencies and 2 municipalities in period of 2006-2015. In terms of data type, the present research uses panel data. Besides, the data collection uses EViews 6 Program. On the other hand, the research result shows that: Locally-generated Revenue and Capital Expenditure give positive and significant effects on Economic Growth; Locally-generated Revenue has positive and significant effects toward Economic Growth; Capital Expenditure gives positive and significant effects on Economic Growth in North Maluku.
Film for Preserving Indigenous Knowledge Minangkabau Culture

This article aims to describe and analyze about the effectiveness of film as a media of transfer of indigenous knowledge in Minangkabau. A research background it had started organizational memory loss in globalization era. The film was one of the media effective in the transfer of local knowledge to the youth generation, because it is packed with stylish and attractive, thus the younger generation interested to learn the local knowledge. There are a few films that analyzed Tenggelam Kapal Van Der Wijk, Sengsara Membawa Nikmat, Surau dan Silek, dan Siti Nurbaya, its contains the knowledge of the Minangkabau indigenous knowledge. This research using survey method at 30 people of the young generation in Minangkabau by asking seven questions that include the benefits that accrue to the second post in the learning process of local knowledge of the policy. The study concluded that use of film in preservation of indigenous knowledge there are several advantages: (a) the learning process so interesting, (b) stimulated of the imagination, (c) critical understanding of historical events and culture, (d) make it easier to explain the events, conditions and customs rules, (e) make the abstract becomes concrete, (f) quick recall and understand the terms of customs and culture, (g) the film as a delightful audio visual media, (h) making learning effective and active, and (i) improve learning results. Thus the movie can serve as an effective medium in the preservation of indigenous knowledge
Modelling of the upstream propagation of coastal surface waves into open channels Application to the dynamics of undulating bores

When long waves propagate into shallow water, their dynamics changes and an undular bore may generate. This undular motion is strictly dependent on the shape of the channel in which the waves are travelling. The code developped in the CARDAMOM team at Inria makes use of a two-dimensional, depth-averaged model which accounts for non-linear and dispersive effects for waves in shallow water. First the code is used to simulate and compare the flow in a rectangular and in a trapezoidal channel. The presence of sloping banks triggers different dynamics along the cross-section of the channel and a transition of the wavelength for a certain Froude number Frt1 is observed. The simulation results are validated against experimental data. As a proof of concept, we then vary the inclination of the banks of the trapezoidal channel in order to analyse its influence on Frt1 . As the numerical results show, a smaller banks slope induces longer waves and the transition takes place at higher Froude numbers. The linearized theory for long waves proposed in [Chassagne, 2017] is endorsed for gently sloping banks channels.
IS IT POSSIBLE TO DEVELOP SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL SKILLS OF ADOLESCENTS? EVIDENCE FROM BRAZILIAN PROGRAM

There are scarce but relevant researches stating the importance of educating socioemotional competencies to the youth as it impacts individual’s success in life, and what is even more scarce is the analysis of the results and impact of programs that work towards that educational goal, either implemented though public policies and Government funded projects. This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of the Academia Educar Project in 2016, focusing on its’ development of socioemotional skills on students using the methods of propensity score matching and differences in differences. Positive and significant effects were found on sociability (12% of initial value), assertiveness (16% of initial value) and political participation (double the initial percentage of treaties interested in participating in the country’s policy). The results for locus control and imaginative variables were significant and in the direction expected only in part of the specifications; for volatility, the results do not suggest impact. Several robustness analyzes were performed to validate the results found.
Microbiological quality and safety of street vended raw meat in Jijiga town of Somali Regional State, southeast Ethiopia

A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the microbial quality and safety of street vended raw meats in Jijiga town, Ethiopia. Questionnaire was used to assess the profile of 33 street vendors. A total of 60 meat samples (30 beef and 30 goats) were collected. The pH and holding temperature were measured. Six microbial groups were counted using standard methods. The aerobic mesophilic flora was characterized. Vendors had very little degree of awareness on food safety and food borne diseases. The sanitary condition of the vending environment was poor. The mean pH values were 6.03 and 5.98 for beef and goat meat samples, respectively. The samples were held in a temperature range of 17.5-27.5°C. Total mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms, Staphylococci, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and moulds had counts of >7, 4, 6, 4 and 4log cfu/g respectively for both species. The aerobic plate counts were dominated by Staphylococcus spp. followed by Enterobacteriaceae. Salmonellae were also isolated from 5 (8.3%) meat samples. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between goat and beef samples in total mesophilic bacteria and Staphylococci counts. The samples harbored high counts of microorganisms. Trainings, inspections, infrastructures and code of practice are recommended. Key words: Jijiga, raw meat, street vendors, quality, safety.
Knowledge Base Population through Distant Supervision: Analysis and Improvements

Information extraction consists on getting structured information automatically from texts. Information extraction systems try to find relevant information at corpora, and return a representation of the information in an intuitive way for both humans and computers. In this dissertation we focus on two of its sub-tasks: relation extraction, which consist on the identification of relations between entities and their attributes, and event extraction, which consists on identifying events in free text and deriving detailed and structured information about them. In distant supervision, if a pair of entities participates in relation in a knowledge base, all sentences containing that entity-pair expresses that relation somehow. Relation extraction methods based on distant supervision rely on true tuples to retrieve noisy mentions, which are then used to train traditional supervised relation extraction methods. In this dissertation, we have analyzed the sources of noise in the mentions, and explore methods to filter out noisy mentions. The results show that a combination of our heuristics is able to significantly outperform two strong baselines. In addition, we introduce a distantly supervised event extraction approach that extracts complex event templates from microblogs. This near real-time data source contains information that is both approximate and ambiguous, impacting both the evaluation and extraction methods. About the former, we devise a lenient evaluation measures that incorporates similarity between extracted values and the gold truth, giving partial credit to different but similar values. With respect to extraction, we directly address approximate information, including positive training examples that contain information similar but not identical to gold values. We positively evaluate our contributions on the complex domain of earthquakes, with events with up to 20 arguments. The dataset containing the knowledge base, relevant tweets and manual annotations is publicly available.
KFBD Age , Growth and Mortality of Rock Gurnard ( Trigloporus lastoviza ( Bonnaterre , 1788 ) ) ( Osteichthyes : Triglidae ) in İ zmir Bay

In this study, age, growth and mortality of the rock gurnard (Trigloporus lastoviza) was investigated in İzmir Bay (Aegean Sea) between January and December 2005. The fork lengths of females were ranged from 11.9 cm to 19.8 cm, and that of males from 8.2 cm to 18.2 cm. Sex ratio was 1:1.07 (female: male). The observed maximum age was 6 for females and 5 for males by otolith readings. The length-weight relationships were estimated as W=0.0116*FL (r=0.985); W=0.0136*FL (r=0.979) and W=0.0117*FL (r=0.984) and the von Bertalanffy growth equations for length were found as; Lt=26.80 (1-e ), Lt=19.59 (1-e), Lt=23.28 (1-e ) for females, males and sex combined, respectively. The growth performance index value (Φ) was calculated as 2.105 for all specimens. Total, natural and fisheries mortalities were estimated as 1.25, 0.62 and 0.63 year respectively.
Evidence of trawl disturbance on mega-epibenthic communities in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea

Bottom trawling has direct impacts on benthic communities. These impacts are mod- ified by the environmental context in which they occur. Communities that occur in habitats sub- jected to low levels of natural disturbance are considered to be the most vulnerable to bottom trawling. The present study examined the impact of otter trawl fisheries on epifaunal assemblages of the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Central Mediterranean Sea), across the continental shelf and down to the meso-bathyal plain. Using a long time-series of non-target epifaunal species collected by experimental otter trawl surveys, differences in assemblage structure and composition were detected among areas that experienced different levels of fishing intensity relative to Fishery Exclusion Zones. Areas that experienced the highest levels of trawling had a significantly lower abundance of crinoids and ophiuroids; the former are important structuring fauna. The epifaunal assemblage composition in the areas that had been subjected to the heaviest levels of fishing activity were characterised by a greater number of scavenging species that are resilient to the effects of fishing. Although the heavily trawled areas had higher diversity than the less heavily fished areas, this was associated with the absence of K-selected species such as crinoids and dom- inance by r-selected scavenging biota.
Effect of synchronisation on calving date following natural mating in beef cattle.

Fertility is the main component influencing total herd efficiency in beef cattle. This short communication reports on the effect of oestrous synchronisation followed by natural mating on calving percentage and distribution of calvings. The results for the first year show that a practical way to decrease the length of the breeding season is using oestrous synchronisation followed by natural mating. The preliminary results also show that natural mating after oestrus synchronisation can increase conception rate, although these results are still inconclusive. Results show that cows calved earlier in the calving season and cows in anoestrus started cycling again. If long calving seasons are shortened and calving percentage increase, more and heavier calves of a uniform age may be weaned. Cows calving earlier in the season have a longer “recovery period” and haven the opportunity to calve in a better body condition during the next season, compared to cows calving late in the season. Cows that calve early also have a better chance of conceiving in the next breeding season. _______________________________________________________________________________________
On the interactions of mineral dust, sea-salt particles, and clouds : A measurement and modeling study from the Mediterranean Israeli Dust Experiment campaign

[1] The size distribution and chemical composition of aerosol particles during a dust storm in the eastern Mediterranean are analyzed. The data were obtained from airborne measurements during the Mediterranean Israeli Dust Experiment (MEIDEX). The dust storm passed over the Mediterranean Sea and extended up to an altitude of about 2.5 km. The uniqueness of this dust storm is that approximately 35% of the coarse particles up to about 1 km in height were internally mixtures of mineral dust and sea salt. Just north of the dust storm, large convective clouds developed, and heavy rain was recorded by the radar on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. The chemical and physical properties of the particles are used as initial conditions for conducting a sensitivity simulation study with the two-dimensional detailed spectral bin microphysical model of Tel Aviv University. The simulations show that ignoring the ice-nucleating ability of the mineral dust, but allowing the soluble component of the mixed aerosols to act as efficient giant cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), enhances the development of the warm rain process in continental clouds. In our simulations the rain amounts increased by as much as 37% compared to the case without giant CCN. Introducing similar coarse-mode particles into more maritime-type clouds does not have significant effect on the cloud or on the amount of rainfall. On the other hand, allowing the mineral dust particles to also act as efficient ice nuclei (IN) reduces the amount of rain on the ground compared to the case when they are inactive. The simulations also reveal that under the same profiles of meteorological parameters, maritime clouds develop precipitation earlier and reach lower altitudes than continental clouds. When the dust particles are active as both giant CCN and effective IN, the continental clouds become wider, while the effects on the more maritime clouds is very small.
Deep Neural Network-Based Concentration Model for Oak Pollen Allergy Warning in South Korea

Purpose Oak is the dominant tree species in Korea. Oak pollen has the highest sensitivity rate among all allergenic tree species in Korea. A deep neural network (DNN)-based estimation model was developed to determine the concentration of oak pollen and overcome the shortcomings of conventional regression models. Methods The DNN model proposed in this study utilized weather factors as the input and provided pollen concentrations as the output. Weather and pollen concentration data were used from 2007 to 2016 obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration pollen observation network. Because it is difficult to prevent over-fitting and underestimation by using a DNN model alone, we developed a bootstrap aggregating-type ensemble model. Each of the 30 ensemble members was trained with random sampling at a fixed rate according to the pollen risk grade. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, we compared its performance with those of models of regression and support vector regression (SVR) under the same conditions, with respect to the prediction of pollen concentrations, risk levels, and season length. Results The mean absolute percentage error in the estimated pollen concentrations was 11.18%, 10.37%, and 5.04% for the regression, SVR and DNN models, respectively. The start of the pollen season was estimated to be 20, 22, and 6 days earlier than that predicted by the regression, SVR and DNN models, respectively. Similarly, the end of the pollen season was estimated to be 33, 20, and 9 days later that predicted by the regression, SVR and DNN models, respectively. Conclusions Overall, the DNN model performed better than the other models. However, the prediction of peak pollen concentrations needs improvement. Improved observation quality with optimization of the DNN model will resolve this issue.
Estimation of heterosis and combining ability in maize ( Zea mays L . ) for maize lethal necrosis ( MLN ) disease

Nature of gene action and genetic parameters for disease resistance are important attributes in developing resistant cultivars. This provides the sustainable, economically justifiable and environmentally friendly means of controlling plant diseases. In this study, 6 x 6 full diallel cross involving genetically divergent maize inbred lines was performed with the aim of developing resistant cultivars against Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) disease under MLN disease hot spot areas in Mlangarini, Ngaramtoni and Kiru six in the Northern Zone of Tanzania during 2015 cropping season. The experimental materials consisted of thirty single cross hybrids, six parents and two local checks. The experiment was laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications per location. The general combing ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were significantly different for MLND response among genotypes across all locations. The combined analysis revealed that GCA was highly significant at P≤0.001 than SCA in all locations with mean squares of (5.551***), (1.61***) and (4.527***) for Mlangarini, Kiru six and Ngaramtoni respectively. The GCA: SCA ratios were 1.894, 1.726 and 1.403 for Mlangarini, Kiru six and Ngaramtoni respectively. The implication of GCA/SCA ratio of more than a unity proves that GCA is significant in all locations where this study was conducted. The results also revealed the presence of both additive and non-additive genetic effects, with the former more pronounced than the later. This implies that developing composite variety will be the better option in combating the disease. However the best cross was observed between CML 144 X CML444 with mean square -0.10, -0.45* and -0.18* for Mlangarini, Kiru six and Ngaramtoni respectively.