Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adult‐generated neurons exhibit diverse developmental fates

In mammals, olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons, granule cells and periglomerular (PG) cells, are generated throughout adulthood. PG cells comprise a heterogeneous population in both morphology and molecular phenotypes. It is unknown whether adult genesis of PG cells occurs among all subtypes or is limited to a subpopulation. We show that within 2 weeks after retroviral labeling in the subventricular zone, two morphological populations of PG cells are found in the OB, one with large multi‐glomerular dendritic arbors, and one with dendritic arbors limited to one or two glomeruli. On both types, immature dendritic spines are first evident at 4 weeks and mature, pedunculated spines by 6 weeks. To differentiate PG subpopulations we used expression of calcium binding proteins, GAD67 and tyrosine hydroxylase as markers. Among adult‐born BrdU labeled cells, all molecular subtypes were represented, although GAD67 and tyrosine hydroxylase expressing cells were overrepresented proportional to their expression in the total PG cell population. During the time when spines are maturing, approximately half the PG cells are lost, in roughly equal proportions to their generation. Our data show the diverse developmental potential of SVZ neuroblasts and suggest that integration into synaptic circuits is necessary for survival. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Export stimuli revisited: The influence of the characteristics of managerial decision makers on international behaviour

Utilizing the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this article proposes and tests relationships among the nature of export stimuli, the personal characteristics of decision makers and the decisions they make with regard to internationalization. The conceptual model for the study includes psychological variables that might condition owner-managers’ decision-making responses to such export stimuli. Using structural equation modelling, the study analyses data obtained by a survey questionnaire from 110 Spanish small- and medium-sized enterprises. The analysis reveals the importance of two particular variables, the perception of risks and opportunities in exports and the decision maker’s proactiveness, in determining the export stimuli and how these in turn affect the international behaviour of firms.
But me some buts: A multidimensional view of conjunction

Abstract Although the distinction between ‘external’ and ‘internal’ conjunction introduced by Halliday and Hasan (1976) is well established, mainstream studies have, with certain notable exceptions, tended to focus on ‘external’ types as the core categories and to present ‘internal’ conjunction as a relatively unmotivated set of pragmatic extensions of the core. The present paper, working within the broad framework of systemic functional linguistics (see, e.g., Halliday and Matthiessen 2004), makes the case for recognizing a more central role for ‘internal’ conjunction. Current accounts of ‘internal’ conjunction are reviewed and it is argued that the phenomenon can be defined with more precision than is done at present, even in those models that give it full weight. A more discriminating model of analysis is proposed and related to broader features of the language system. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of assigning greater importance to textual and interpersonal dimensions in descriptions of conjunction.
Gender differences in consumer evaluations of service quality: self-service kiosks in retail

This study investigates the effect of consumer characteristics on service quality for self-service kiosks, which, in turn, leads to the actual use of self-service kiosks. In addition, the authors attempt to explore gender differences in two aspects. First, it is investigated if the evaluation process of service quality differs by gender. Second, the moderating effect of gender on the relationships in the conceptual model is examined.
Effects of Yoga on Symptoms, Physical Function, and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adults with Osteoarthritis: A Focused Review

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent and disabling chronic condition. Because physical activity is a key component in OA management, effective exercise interventions are needed. Yoga is an increasingly popular multimodal mind-body exercise that aims to promote flexibility, strength, endurance, and balance. Its gentle approach is potentially a safe and effective exercise option for managing OA. The purpose of this focused review is to examine the effects of yoga on OA symptoms and physical and psychosocial outcomes. A comprehensive search was conducted using seven electronic databases. Twelve reports met inclusion criteria involving a total of 589 participants with OA-related symptoms. A variety of types, frequencies, and durations of yoga interventions were reported; Hatha and Iyengar yoga were the most commonly used types. Frequency of intervention ranged from once a week to 6 days a week. Duration of the interventions ranged from 45 to 90 mins per session for 6 to 12 wks. Yoga intervention resulted in reductions in pain, stiffness, and swelling, but results on physical function and psychosocial well-being were inconclusive because of a variety of outcome measures being used.
Trauma exposure and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in emergency medical services personnel in Hawaii

Background Exposure to traumatic stressors is potentially an integral part of the job for emergency medical services (EMS) personnel, placing them at risk for psychological distress and mental health problems. Study objective The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic stress symptoms was examined in a sample of EMS personnel in a multiethnic locality in Hawaii. Commonly encountered traumatic incidents at work were also assessed. Methods The PTSD Check List-Civilian version was sent to 220 EMS personnel. The survey included questions on demographics, traumatic incidents at work, general stressors, coping methods and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Results 105 surveys were returned (48% response rate); 4% of respondents met clinical diagnostic criteria for PTSD, 1% met subclinical criteria for PTSD, 83% reported experiencing some symptoms but no PTSD and 12% had no symptoms. However, few had received treatment for these symptoms. Serious injury or death of a co-worker along with incidents involving children were considered very stressful. General work conditions also contributed to the overall stress levels. Most common coping strategies reported were positive reinterpretation (63%), seeking family and social support (59%) and awareness and venting of emotions (46%), with significant differences by ethnicity. Conclusion EMS personnel are at high risk of experiencing post-traumatic stress symptoms. Early identification and treatment of potential stressors, psychiatric and medical problems is warranted and necessitates ongoing assessment and employee assistance programmes at the minimum.
Social Protection and Health: Experiences in Uganda

There is an interesting and continuing debate on the nature and role of social protection in poverty reduction. Within the health sector, discussion has focussed on the drawbacks associated with fee exemption schemes and community-based health insurance, with much less attention paid to the policy option of abolishing user fees. This paper reviews empirical evidence on the impact of the Government of Uganda's decision in 2001 to abolish user fees for health services. The paper finds that this policy intervention has had a significant positive impact on health-seeking behaviour in Uganda and concludes that this policy measure can make an important contribution towards a more ‘promotional’ policy approach to social protection.
Theory versus practice: a study of strategy making in five public MBA programs

iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Overview . 1 Statement of the Problem . 6 Conceptual Framework . 7 Purpose of the Study . 9 Research Questions . 9 Significance of the Study . 9 Delimitations of the Study . 10 Definitions. 11 Summary . 13 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE . 14 Overview . 14 Strategy . 15 Porter’s Perspective of Strategy . 18 Cornerstones of Strategic Thinking . 22 Strategy in Higher Education . 28 Forces for Change . 31 Business School Strategy . 33 The Student as a Customer . 34 Organizational Fields . 39 Field Dynamics . 41 Isomorphism . 42 Types of Isomorphism . 44 Sources of Isomorphism . 48 Mechanisms Driving Isomorphic Change . 49 Pressures on Public Institutions of Higher Education . 54 Isomorphism in the Non-profit Environment . 55 Organization Theory . 57 Limitations of Available Literature . 58 Empirical Studies . 61 Deficiencies Identified in Prior Studies . 62 Summary . 64 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS . 66 Introduction . 66 Research Questions . 67 Unit of Analysis Selection . 67
Study of the major supply factors and business choices affecting the growth rate of wine tourism in Greece

Wine tourism is considered one of the alternative forms of tourism internationally. Wine tourism combines wine production with tourism activities, mainly in agricultural areas, as it embraces the tourism interest for wine production and the enjoyment of vineyard activities by the tourists. Greece, as a well-known tourist destination, is actually a new wine tourism area that has still a long way to go before claiming that it can render high-quality services in this very competitive sector. The objective of this paper is to examine and present the extent of wine tourism development in Greece, the characteristics as well as the main business choices related to wine tourism supply, aiming at highlighting the necessary key elements that can play a decisive role in its further growth. In terms of this paper, we attempt to examine the Greek wine producer's viewpoint of wine tourism by setting out data related to the development of the product, the satisfaction of businessmen involved, the means used to promote the product, the difficulties faced by and the expectations set by wine producers. In order to achieve the aforementioned goals, a research was conducted by means of a constructive questionnaire sent to all major Greek wine producers from April to June 2007. The participants in the wine tourism industry in the country were considered a major source of information.
Measuring National Well-being: Life in the UK, 2012

Measuring National Well-being: Life in the UK 2012 provides a unique overview of well-being in the UK today. The report is the first snapshot of life in the UK to be delivered by the Measuring National Well-being programme and will be updated and published annually. Well-being is discussed in terms of the economy, people and the environment. Information such as the unemployment rate or number of crimes against the person are presented alongside data on people's thoughts and feelings, for example, satisfaction with our jobs or leisure time and fear of crime. Together, a richer picture on 'how society is doing' is provided.
Scoping the Extent of Tourist Road Safety: Motor Vehicle Transport Accidents in New Zealand 1982-1996

There is a growing interest in tourism safety within the travel medicine and safety management literature. From this body of research, motor vehicle traffic accidents (MVTA) are identified as a leading cause of tourist morbidity and mortality. There is, however, a dearth of tourist road safety literature where the tourism context is taken into account. This paper examines the extent of overseas visitor MVTA in New Zealand, based on data collected by the New Zealand Health Information Service for the 15-year period 1982–1996. Some 1604 MVTA cases were recorded in the NZHIS database for non-New Zealand residents, representing 27.4% of all non-resident injuries resulting in hospitalisation during the period of the study. The majority of these incidents involved collisions between vehicles, with 1121 (70% of MVTA cases) involving a car. Highest counts of MVTA were found for males and females in the 20–39 years age range. Largest proportions of MVTA were observed for the Auckland, Otago and Southland regions, although highest incidence rates (based on visitor numbers in each region for the year 1995/6) were found for the Taranaki, Northland, Marlborough, Hawkes Bay and Southland regions. The paper discusses possible reasons for patterns and trends in the MVTA data, drawing on comparisons with existing international studies from the travel medicine and safety management literature.
What catatonia can tell us about “top-down modulation”: A neuropsychiatric hypothesis

Differential diagnosis of motor symptoms, for example, akinesia, may be difficult in clinical neuropsychiatry. Symptoms may be either of neurologic origin, for example, Parkinson's disease, or of psychiatric origin, for example, catatonia, leading to a so-called “conflict of paradigms. ” Despite their different origins, symptoms may appear more or less clinically similar. Possibility of dissociation between origin and clinical appearance may reflect functional brain organisation in general, and cortical-cortical/subcortical relations in particular. It is therefore hypothesized that similarities and differences between Parkinson's disease and catatonia may be accounted for by distinct kinds of modulation between cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical relations. Catatonia can be characterized by concurrent motor, emotional, and behavioural symptoms. The different symptoms may be accounted for by dysfunction in orbitofrontal-prefrontal/parietal cortical connectivity reflecting “horizontal modulation” of cortico-cortical relation. Furthermore, alteration in “top-down modulation” reflecting “vertical modulation” of caudate and other basal ganglia by GABA-ergic mediated orbitofrontal cortical deficits may account for motor symptoms in catatonia. Parkinson's disease, in contrast, can be characterized by predominant motor symptoms. Motor symptoms may be accounted for by altered “bottom-up modulation” between dopaminergic mediated deficits in striatum and premotor/motor cortex. Clinical similarities between Parkinson's disease and catatonia with respect to akinesia may be related with involvement of the basal ganglia in both disorders. Clinical differences with respect to emotional and behavioural symptoms may be related with involvement of different cortical areas, that is, orbitofrontal/parietal and premotor/motor cortex implying distinct kinds of modulation – “vertical” and “horizontal” modulation, respectively.
Rural residential preferences for house design and location: insights from a discrete choice experiment applied to Ireland

Living in the countryside/rural areas has, in recent decades, become a matter of personal choice for many people. Various researchers have investigated people's motivations for wanting to make this move. However, there has been rather little investigation of the factors that cause people to choose one type of rural property or rural location over another. This paper reports on research undertaken in Ireland in which discrete choice experiments are combined with other survey data to examine the relative influence of factors such as house design, house location and journey times. The paper provides insights into the relative strength of such considerations, including the influence of the 'rural idyll'. The results have potential implications for planning in rural areas and the type of properties that could be needed to encourage moves to more nucleated settlements.
Managerial Strategic Behavior in State-Owned Enterprises-Business and Political Orientations

Two different functions, managing the business in the product or service markets and managing public support in the political markets, must be performed by managers of state-owned enterprises SOEs. Each organization has to strike a strategic balance between these two functions. The way this is done is indicative of the organizational orientation and behavior. The greater the relative emphasis on managing public support, the stronger is the political orientation in our terminology. The greater the relative emphasis on managing the business, the stronger is the business orientation. This paper proposes that explanation of behavior of SOEs can be improved by taking into account the orientation of management toward the mix of business and politics. Although the combination of business and political goals of SOE has long been recognized, the mix of business and political activities as a strategic variable was rarely distinguished. This strategic variable is operationally defined, measured and explained. An insight into the purposes of business and political activities is gained through an analysis of the external and internal orientation of management. The organization may concentrate internally, on its own needs and goals, or externally, on the needs and goals of the outside publics. This distinction can be useful in descriptive as well as normative research. Management orientation, whether business or political, is associated with a specific set of behavioral tendencies or implications. These implications are expressed in propositions which state that an increase in the political and external orientation of management are related to an increased likelihood that: 1. Sales rather than profit goals would be emphasized. 2. Low prices relative to costs would be charged. 3. Goals would be relatively unstable. 4. Goals would be stated in unclear or vague terms. 5. Performance evaluation would be carried out on an irregular basis. 6. Public support would be sought prior to action. 7. Top management would be recruited from the public sector. An exploratory survey of 50 executives of SOEs in fourteen Latin American, Asian and African countries was used to test the propositions. With few exceptions, the empirical results support the above propositions. Further research, which will include additional variables and a larger sample, can increase the reliability of the findings and improve our understanding of the factors which influence management orientation.
The Determinants of Bank Credit in Industrialized Countries: Do Property Prices Matter?

In this study, we analyse the determinants of bank credit to the private non-financial sector in 16 industrialized countries based on a cointegrating VAR. Cointegration analysis suggests that property prices are an important determinant of the long-run borrowing capacity of the private sector, which needs to be taken into account to explain the long-run movements of bank lending. Impulse response analysis reveals that innovations to property prices also have a highly significant and persistent positive dynamic effect on bank lending. This result suggests that innovations to property prices may give rise to significant and persistent cycles in bank lending and are thus a potential explanation for the persistent financial cycles observed in the past. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2004
Risk factors for foot-and-mouth disease in sedentary livestock herds in selected villages in four regions of Bhutan

Abstract AIMS: To identify livestock husbandry practices important for transmission of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the herds and villages of four regions in Bhutan. To consider using this information to enhance the current prevention and control programme, a consideration arising from the failure to control FMD in spite of a control programme in place. METHODS: Between March and May 2009, 383 livestock farmers originating from 80 villages in four districts of Bhutan were interviewed, using a structured questionnaire, about the livestock management practices and incidence of FMD in their herds. Multivariable logistic regression was used to quantify the risk factors that predicted the outcome variable ‘farmer-diagnosed FMD in Bhutan’. RESULTS: Sixty-two percent (49/79) of the villages and 87/355 (24%) of herds surveyed had at least one outbreak of FMD within the 5 years preceding the survey. The odds of having FMD in a herd increased substantially (OR=39.2; p<0.0001) when cattle mixed with herds from other nearby villages compared with those where mixing did not occur. Those cattle herds mixing with six or more other herds within the same village were 5.3 times (p<0.0001) more likely to have had FMD than those mixed with fewer than six herds. Farmers who fed kitchen waste to cattle were 14.1 times (p<0.0001), and those who sent their animals for grazing in the forest were 3.1 times (p=0.014), more likely to report FMD in their herds than those who did not. Farmers who kept their cattle always housed in a shed during the day (OR=0.033) or at night (OR=0.29) were less likely to report FMD than those who did not (p<0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Mixing of cattle at grazing areas was identified as a risk factor for FMD. This indicates that spread from infected herds and villages, through close contact, could be an important source of disease for non-infected herds in Bhutan. Therefore, quarantining of early cases in affected herds or villages could reduce the spread of disease within and between villages. This study also highlights the potential role of feeding kitchen waste to cattle as a risk factor for FMD. The findings from this study could be considered for strengthening of the FMD control programme in Bhutan.
Resource and Attention Adaptation after Crisis

One of the main challenges for firms is to adapt to a crisis situation. However, we do not know enough about how successful firms adapt their resources and attention after a crisis. Based on a sample of large US and EU passenger airlines, we systematically examine such adaptation along the two dimensions: resources and attention. We are interested in the breadth of focus to strategic variables within each one of these two dimensions and the consistency across resource and attention adaptation. Our findings have important implications for strategic adaptation.
Anatomical instruction and training for professionalism from the 19th to the 21st centuries

For most of the 19th century, anatomists in the United States saw the affective, emotional aspects of human dissection as salient ingredients in professional formation. Professionalism (or “character”) signified medical integrity and guaranteed correct professional conduct. As gross anatomy came under siege in the late‐19th and early‐20th centuries, crowded out of medical curricula by the new experimental sciences, medical educators rethought what it was that dissecting a human body stood to give medical students. As they embraced a new understanding of professionalism premised on an allegiance to science, anatomists celebrated the habits of mind and sensibility to scientific investigation that could be acquired at the dissecting table. One consequence was a deliberate distancing of gross anatomy from the “art of medicine,” and with it a de facto suppression of attention to the affective components of human dissection. During this period in the opening decades of the 20th century, the norm of silence about the emotional dimensions of dissection was set in place. The confluence of various movements by the 1960s and 1970s both revived attention to the emotional experience of dissection and sparked a renewed discussion about the relationship between the affective components of learning anatomy and the professional formation of future healers. There is a need to balance the tension between the “affective” and “scientific” aspects of anatomy, and by extension the tension between the “art” and “science” of medical practice. One method is to use small‐group “learning societies” as a means to cultivate and meld both dimensions of the professional ethic. Clin. Anat. 19:403–414, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.