Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced-RF-Chain Aided Soft-Decision Multi-Set Steered Space-Time Shift-Keying for Millimeter-Wave Communications

Soft-decision-aided multi-set steered space-time shift keying intrinsically amalgamated with channel coding is proposed in order to attain near capacity–performance. Multi-set space-time shift keying (MS-STSK) is a multiple-input multiple-output scheme, which combines the concepts of spatial modulation (SM) and STSK for the sake of achieving high data rates and enhanced system integrity. Furthermore, an MS-STSK is combined with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) as well as single-carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) and additionally enhanced by analog beamforming in order to support communications at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies. Given that OFDM-based SM systems cannot directly benefit from the reduced number of RF chains of SM due to the spreading effects of the fast-Fourier transform and they suffer from a high peak-to-average power ratio, we opt for employing the SC-based arrangement. The soft-decision-aided detector of the SC-based MS-STSK is combined with recursive systematic convolutional encoding and iterative detection at the receiver side in order to achieve excellent performance within 1.1 dB and 1.4 dB, respectively, from the capacity limit for the soft-decision MS-STSK system and within 1.1 dB from the capacity limit for the SC-FDE-aided soft-decision MS-STSK. We also use extrinsic information transfer charts for analyzing our systems and evaluate their achievable rates.
Spitzer 70 and 160 μm Observations of the Extragalactic First Look Survey

We present 70 and 160 μm observations from the Spitzer extragalactic First Look Survey (xFLS). The data reduction techniques and the methods for producing co-added mosaics and source catalogs are discussed. Currently, 26% of the 70 μm sample and 49% of the 160 μm–selected sources have redshifts. The majority of sources with redshifts are star-forming galaxies at z < 0.5, while about 5% have infrared colors consistent with active galactic nuclei. The observed infrared colors agree with the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of local galaxies previously determined from IRAS and Infrared Space Observatory data. The average 160 μm/70 μm color temperature for the dust is Td ≃ 30 ± 5 K, and the average 70 μm/24 μm spectral index is α ≃ 2.4 ± 0.4. The observed infrared-to-radio correlation varies with redshift as expected out to z ∼ 1 based on the SEDs of local galaxies. The xFLS number counts at 70 and 160 μm are consistent within uncertainties with the models of galaxy evolution, but there are indications that the current models may require slight modifications. Deeper 70 μm observations are needed to constrain the models, and redshifts for the faint sources are required to measure the evolution of the infrared luminosity function.
Ecton Mechanism of the Cathode Spot Phenomena in a Vacuum Arc

In this paper, we review the state of the art in studying the physical processes that occur in the cathode spots of vacuum arcs. The now available experimental data are interpreted in the context of the ecton mechanism of the operation of vacuum arc cathode spots. Central in this mechanism is the explosive electron emission, a phenomenon discovered by the author and his co-workers in the mid-1960s while studying high-voltage pulsed vacuum breakdown. In the light of the ecton mechanism, the cathode spot of a vacuum arc consists of individual cells which are explosive emission sites each emitting a portion of electrons termed an ecton. The cathode spot processes are cyclic in nature due to the finiteness of the ecton lifetime. It is shown that an arc is self-sustained due to the explosive emission processes initiated on the interaction of the cathode plasma either with nonmetal inclusions present in the cathode surface (first-type spots) or with liquid metal jets ejected from the zone of an active cathode spot (second-type spots). Attention is focused on the physical processes occurring during the operation of a cathode spot cell. A statistical model of a vacuum arc is used to interpret the effect of the spontaneous extinction of an arc. It is shown that an increase in the arc current is accompanied by a slight increase in the number of simultaneously operating ectons; therefore, as observed in the experiments, the parameters of a vacuum do not greatly depend on the current up to the kiloampere level.
Temperature Effects in NAND Flash Memories: A Comparison Between 2-D and 3-D Arrays

This letter investigates the major differences between planar (2-D) and vertical-channel (3-D) NAND Flash memory arrays in terms of their temperature dependences. Attention is focused on three relevant parameters for memory array operation, namely, cell threshold-voltage, string saturation current, and width of the random telegraph noise distribution. Results highlight that the transition from2-D to 3-D arrays introduced non-negligible changes in the temperature behavior of these parameters, whose origin is traced back to the different channel material of the technologies, i.e., monocrystalline versus polycrystalline silicon.
Probing the Structure of the S 105 Hole

For most phages, holins control the timing of host lysis. During the morphogenesis period of the infection cycle, canonical holins accumulate harmlessly in the cytoplasmic membrane until they suddenly trigger to form lethal lesions called holes. The holes can be visualized by cryo-electron microscopy and tomography as micrometer-scale interruptions in the membrane. To explore the fine structure of the holes formed by the lambda holin, S105, a cysteine-scanning accessibility study was performed. A collection of S105 alleles encoding holins with a single Cys residue in different positions was developed and characterized for lytic function. Based on the ability of 4-acetamido-4=-((iodoacetyl) amino) stilbene-2,2=-disulfonic acid, disodium salt (IASD), to modify these Cys residues, one face of transmembrane domain 1 (TMD1) and TMD3 was judged to face the lumen of the S105 hole. In both cases, the lumen-accessible face was found to correspond to the more hydrophilic face of the two TMDs. Judging by the efficiency of IASD modification, it was concluded that the bulk of the S105 protein molecules were involved in facing the lumen. These results are consistent with a model in which the perimeters of the S105 holes are lined by the holin molecules present at the time of lysis. Moreover, the findings that TMD1 and TMD3 face the lumen, coupled with previous results showing TMD2TMD2 contacts in the S105 dimer, support a model in which membrane depolarization drives the transition of S105 from homotypic to heterotypic oligomeric interactions.
Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

This study aims to establish the influence of primary emission sources and atmospheric transformation process contributing to the concentrations of quinones associated to particulate matter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) in three sites within the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara (MAG), namely Centro (CEN), Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Aguilas (AGU). Environmental levels of quinones extracted from PM2.5 filters were analyzed using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, primary emissions in combination with photochemical and oxidation reactions contribute to the presence of quinones in the urban atmosphere of MAG. It was found that quinones in PM2.5 result from the contributions from direct emission sources by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline that relate mainly to vehicular activity intensity in the three sampling sites selected. However, this also suggests that the occurrence of quinones in MAG can be related to photochemical transformation of the parent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), to chemical reactions with oxygenated species, or a combination of both routes. The higher concentration of 1,4-Chrysenequinone during the rainy season compared to the warm-dry season indicates chemical oxidation of chrysene, since the humidity could favor singlet oxygen collision with parent PAH present in the particle phase. On the contrary, 9,10-Anthraquinone/Anthracene and 1,4-Naftoquinone/Naphthalene ratios were higher during the warm-dry season compared to the rainy season, which might indicate a prevalence of the photochemical formation during the warm-dry season favored by the large solar radiation typical of the season. In addition, the estimated percentage of photochemical formation of 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone showed that the occurrence of this compound in Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Aguilas (AGU) sites is mainly propagated by conditions of high solar radiation such as in the warm-dry season and during long periods of advection of air masses from emission to the reception areas. This was shown by the direct association between the number hourly back trajectories arriving in the TLA and AGU from Centro and other areas in MAG and the highest photochemical formation percentage.
Educating the Future eHealth Professional Nurse

Nursing is at the cusp of a truly revolutionary time in its history with the emergence of electronic health (eHealth) technologies to support client care. However, technology itself will not transform healthcare without skilled practitioners who have the informatics background to practice in this new paradigm of client care. Nurse educators have been slow to react to the matter of the necessary knowledge, skills, and practice competencies required for nurses to function as eHealth practitioners. Specifically, undergraduate nursing education must take a proactive stance towards curriculum development in the areas of eHealth and informatics. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to propose recommendations about the review and redesign of nursing curricula in relation to nursing informatics. Recommendations include increased information literacy education, interdisciplinary collaboration, and client-centred technologies. Recommendations for faculty development in nursing informatics are also provided.
Desenvolvimento de uma arquitetura utilizando MDE para apoiar alunos de EAD com dificuldades na gramática portuguesa

A utilizacao de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem tem ajudado no processo de ensino e aprendizagem na modalidade de educacao a distância. Eles oferecem varios recursos e ferramentas para serem utilizados como apoio a professores e estudantes. Um desses recursos e o forum. Nele, esses atores esclarecem duvidas e trocam ideias sobre diversos assuntos. Devido a importância do forum de discussao, varios trabalhos sao desenvolvidos para que se extraiam conhecimentos sobre esses alunos, seus comportamentos e suas relacoes. Azevedo, Behar e Reategui (2011), por exemplo, fizeram analises qualitativas das contribuicoes textuais usando grafos a fim de identificar a relevância de uma resposta lancada no forum para uma determinada pergunta. A ideia era avaliar os conteudos postados e trazer os alunos de volta para o topico em discussao. Em Romero et al. (2013), algoritmos de classificacao e de agrupamento foram utilizados para prever a performance final de alunos baseada na participacao deles nos foruns. Apesar dessas iniciativas, ha uma carencia de trabalhos na area de computacao que tratem de erros gramaticais de portugues nos textos postados. Pesquisas sobre o uso da linguagem em foruns apontam dificuldades dos alunos com nosso idioma. Bezerra (2013), por exemplo, se preocupa com esses erros como fatores que possam inibir e diminuir a participacao dos alunos nos foruns. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetiva desenvolver uma arquitetura que utiliza mineracao de dados para apoiar alunos de EAD com dificuldades na gramatica portuguesa. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um motor que extrai os posts dos foruns, utiliza um aplicativo de codigo aberto, o CoGrOO (SILVA, 2013), que aponta esses erros e um segundo motor que conta os tipos e as quantidades de erros gramaticais cometidos por cada aluno. Em seguida, eles sao agrupados atraves do algoritmo K-means. Para montar, testar e integrar esta arquitetura esta sendo utilizada uma base de dados do Nucleo de EAD da Universidade de Pernambuco, com a anuencia e colaboracao dos responsaveis desta unidade, respeitando-se o acordo de preservacao da identidade dos alunos envolvidos. Estao sendo acompanhados 258 alunos do 5 o periodo do curso de Pedagogia. A partir dai, recomendacoes de estudo e exercicios sao enviados de acordo com os tipos de erros mais comuns identificados em cada cluster. Estas atividades estao sendo enviadas durante este semestre e analises comparativas da quantidade e tipos de erros serao realizadas com o fim do semestre letivo. Espera-se comprovar que o envio de conteudo e exercicios especificos podem ajudar os alunos a cometerem menos erros gramaticais.
Population pharmacokinetics of imipenem in critically ill patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia and evaluation of dosage regimens.

AIMS Significant alterations in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of antimicrobials have been reported in critically ill patients. We describe PK parameters of imipenem in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia and evaluate several dosage regimens. METHODS This French multicentre, prospective, open-label study was conducted in ICU patients with a presumptive diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli, who empirically received imipenem intravenously every 8 h. Plasma imipenem concentrations were measured during the fourth imipenem infusion using six samples (trough, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 8 h). Data were analysed with a population approach using the stochastic approximation expectation maximization algorithm in Monolix 4.2. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to evaluate the following six dosage regimens: 500, 750 or 1000 mg with administration every 6 or 8 h. The pharmacodynamic target was defined as the probability of achieving a fractional time above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of >40%. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were included in the PK analysis. Imipenem concentration data were best described by a two-compartment model with three covariates (creatinine clearance, total bodyweight and serum albumin). Estimated clearance (between-subject variability) was 13.2 l h(-1) (38%) and estimated central volume 20.4 l (31%). At an MIC of 4 μg ml(-1) , the probability of achieving 40% fractional time > MIC was 91.8% for 0.5 h infusions of 750 mg every 6 h, 86.0% for 1000 mg every 8 h and 96.9% for 1000 mg every 6 h. CONCLUSIONS This population PK model accurately estimated imipenem concentrations in ICU patients. The simulation showed that for these patients, the best dosage regimen of imipenem is 750 mg every 6 h and not 1000 mg every 8 h.
Effects of either glucose or fructose and metabolic regulators on bovine embryo development and lipid accumulation in vitro

Our objective was to determine if replacing glucose with fructose would decrease cytoplasmic lipid accumulation during culture of embryos with or without regulators of metabolism. In vitro‐produced bovine zygotes were cultured 60 hr in chemically defined medium‐1 (CDM‐1) plus 0.5% BSA and 0.5 mM fructose or glucose in Experiment 1, and glucose in Experiment 2. In both experiments, 8‐cell embryos were next cultured 135 hr in CDM‐2 plus 2 mM fructose or glucose in factorial combination with five treatments: (Experiment 1: control, 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 0.3 µM phenazine ethosulfate (PES), 30 µM dinitrophenol (DNP), and PES + DNP), and (Experiment 2: control, PES, PES + DNP, and 1 and 3 µg/ml cerulenin (C1 and C3)). Day 7.5 blastocysts were stained with Sudan Black B to quantify cytoplasmic lipid droplets as small (SD, <2 µm), medium (MD, 2–6 µm), or large (LD, >6 µm). Blastocyst rates per oocyte were 22% (Experiment 1) and 15% (Experiment 2) higher (P < 0.05) for fructose than glucose. For Experiment 1, numbers of MD were lower for PES, DNP, and PES + DNP than control and FCS (P < 0.05). LD were lower for PES and DNP than control, and higher for FCS than all other treatments (P < 0.05). For Experiment 2, MD were lower (P < 0.05) for PES, and PES + DNP than C1, C3, and control. For LD, PES was lower (P < 0.05) than control, C1, and C3, but not different from PES + DNP. The only effect of hexose on lipids was that fructose resulted in fewer MD (P < 0.01) in Experiment 2. In conclusion, fructose produced more blastocysts than glucose, and PES reduced lipid accumulation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1406–1418, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paranormal Belief and Proneness to Dissociation

The study investigated the relationship between scores on paranormal belief and proneness to dissociation in a sample of 100 Australian students of psychology. Scores on dissociation were positively correlated with those on global paranormal belief and with belief in psi, precognition, spiritualism, and extraordinary life-forms. It is suggested that in some instances paranormal beliefs may be a component of a complex defensive framework constructed in the face of the perceived uncontrollability of life.
CT and MR findings of Krukenberg tumors: comparison with primary ovarian tumors.

PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to evaluate the CT and MR findings of Krukenberg tumors and to compare them with those of primary ovarian tumors. METHOD This study included 20 patients with Krukenberg tumors and 65 patients with various primary ovarian tumors. CT/MR/both imaging studies were available in 15/1/4 patients with Krukenberg tumor and 31/10/24 patients with primary ovarian tumors, respectively. Imaging findings of the tumors were categorized into three subgroups: a solid mass with intratumoral cysts, a solid mass without intratumoral cysts, and a predominantly cystic mass. RESULTS Among 32 Krukenberg tumors (bilateral in 12 patients), 22 were solid masses with intratumoral cysts, in 14 of which the wall of the intratumoral cysts showed apparently strong contrast enhancement on CT and/or MRI. Six Krukenberg tumors were solid masses without intratumoral cysts, and four were predominantly cystic masses. Imaging findings of 88 primary ovarian tumors (bilateral in 23 patients) were 5 solid masses with intratumoral cysts, 27 solid masses without intratumoral cysts, and 56 predominantly cystic masses. None of the five primary ovarian tumors with solid mass with intratumoral cysts demonstrated apparently strong contrast enhancement of the cyst wall. CONCLUSION Krukenberg tumor should be suspected when one sees solid ovarian tumors containing well demarcated intratumoral cystic lesions, especially if the walls of those cysts demonstrate apparently strong contrast enhancement.
Femoral nerve block versus fascia iliaca block for pain control in total knee and hip arthroplasty

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to perform a meta-analysis to compare the efficiency and safety between femoral nerve block (FNB) and fascia iliaca block (FIB) for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing total knee and hip arthroplasties. Methods: A systematic search was performed in Medline (1966-2017.05), PubMed (1966-2017.05), Embase (1980-2017.05), ScienceDirect (1985-2017.05) and the Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria (1) Participants: Only published articles enrolling adult participants that with a diagnosis of end-stage of osteoarthritis and prepared for unilateral TKA or THA; (2) Interventions: The intervention group received FIB for postoperative pain management; (3) Comparisons: The control group was received FNB for postoperative pain control; (4) Outcomes: Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in different periods, opioids consumption, length of stay and postoperative complications; (5) Study design: clinical randomized control trials (RCTs) were regarded as eligible in our study. Cochrane Hand book for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was used for assessment of the included studies and risk of bias was shown. Fixed/random effect model was used according to the heterogeneity tested by I2 statistic. Sensitivity analysis was conducted and publication bias was assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 11.0 software. Results: Five RCTs including 308 patients met the inclusion criteria. The present meta-analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between groups in terms of visual analog scale (VAS) score at 12 hours (SMD = −0.080, 95% CI: −0.306 to 0.145, P = .485), 24 hours (SMD = 0.098, 95% CI: −0.127 to 0.323, P = .393), and 48 hours (SMD = −0.001, 95% CI: −0.227 to 0.225, P = .993). No significant differences were found regarding opioid consumption at 12 hours (SMD = 0.026, 95% CI: −0.224 to 0.275, P = .840), 24 hours (SMD = 0.037, 95% CI: −0.212 to 0.286, P = .771), and 48 hours (SMD = −0.016, 95% CI: −0.265 to 0.233, P = .900). In addition, no significant increase of complications was identified between groups. Conclusion: There is no significant differences of VAS scores at 12-48 hour and opioids consumption at 12-48 hour between two groups following total joint arthroplasty. No increased risk of nausea, vomiting and pruritus was observed in both groups. More high-quality large RCTs with long follow-up period are necessary for proper comparisons of the efficacy and safety of FNB with FIB. The present meta-analysis exists some limitations that should be noted: (1) Only five articles were included in present meta-analysis, although all of them are recently published RCTs, the sample size are relatively small; (2) Functional outcome is an important parameter, due to the insufficiency of relevant data, we cannot perform a meta-analysis. (3) Dose and types of local anesthetics are varied, which may influence the results; (4) The duration of follow up is relatively short which leads to underestimating complications. (5) Publication bias in present meta-analysis may influence the results.
Laparoscopy-assisted aneurysm resection as a minimal invasive alternative in patients unsuitable for endovascular surgery.

OBJECTIVE So far, endovascular surgery has been the only minimal invasive way to treat patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). With hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS), laparoscopic transperitoneal endoaneurysm repair can be performed through a 6-cm mini-incision only. We wanted to evaluate whether this laparoscopic technique can be offered as a minimal invasive alternative in patients unsuitable for endovascular AAA repair. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty patients were referred for endovascular AAA repair. Three patients had to be excluded from the study. Endovascular AAA exclusion was finally performed in 13 patients. Laparoscopic AAA resection was performed in 24 patients. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery with transperitoneal access and endoaneurysm repair was accomplished in all patients unsuitable for an endovascular procedure. The outcome after endovascular repair was compared with the outcome of patients who underwent laparoscopy. RESULTS In the laparoscopic group, conversion to an open procedure was necessary in one case. One patient in this group died (4.1%) postoperatively. There were four complications in each group. In the endovascular group we had one endoleak type II and one graft thrombosis, which required a reoperation. After endovascular treatment, patients were transferred significantly less frequently to the intensive care unit, and they could resume oral feeding earlier. Mobilization and postoperative hospital stay did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic AAA resection with the use of the technique described can be routinely offered to patients unsuitable for endovascular AAA exclusion with excellent long-term results similar to open surgery. A controlled study is clearly indicated to evaluate the role of laparoscopic techniques in aneurysm surgery.