Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paediatric burn injuries: a hospital based study in Uganda

Introduction Burns are one of the most devastating household injury. In Uganda, burn injuries account for 11% of all childhood injuries. The study objective was to determine demographic characteristics, severity, first aid treatment and outcomes of childhood burns in Uganda. Methods Secondary analysis of hospital surveillance data from five representative regional hospitals was done. Data were collected over 12 months (August 2004 to July 2005). Individuals (0–16 years) were included over a 12 months period. A registry form was filled by trained health workers at emergency units. Frequency analysis was done. Results 380 children were included with the central region registered more patients (44%). Five and under patients constituted 45%. Ratio of male to female was 1.3:1. Over 50% of patients had a serious injury. 88% of the children burned in their own homes in spite of a adult presence (83%). Majority of the children (54%) were burned while playing. 16% of burn injuries were reported intentional. Scalding by hot fluids (73%) was the common cause of burn injury. Over 50% of the patients were reported with serious injuries on upper extremities. Over 70% of children were given incorrect first aid treatment at home while others received none. 55.8% patients were discharged home by 2 weeks. Discussion and Conclusions Burn injuries mainly affects children 5 years and under. Home-based prevention can reduce burn injuries in that age group. The intent behind burn injuries requires further investigation.
A randomized phase II study comparing induction or consolidation chemotherapy with cisplatin-docetaxel, plus radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin-docetaxel, in patients with unresectable locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND In stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the role of systemic chemotherapy preceding or following concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CT-RT) is unclear. We carried out a randomized phase II study to study the toxicity involved-field CT-RT with either induction or consolidation cisplatin-docetaxel (Taxotere). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to receive two cycles of docetaxel (D) 75 mg/m(2) on day 1 and cisplatin (C) 40 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 2, either preceding (IND arm) or following (CON arm) concurrent CT-RT, where 66 Gy was delivered using involved-fields concurrent with weekly D 20 mg/m(2) and C 20 mg/m(2). Patients at higher risk for lung toxicity (V(20) > 35%) crossed over to IND arm. Seventy patients were needed to exclude grade (G)3-4 esophagitis in >25%. RESULTS Of the 70 eligible patients, 26 were treated in IND and 34 CON; five with V(20) >35% switched from CON to IND. The differences in G3-4 esophagitis observed (32/2% IND versus 21/3% CON) were not significantly different from the hypothesized 25% rate. Rates of G≥2 pneumonitis were similar, but IND arm had less G3-4 neutropenia. One-year survival was 63.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 48.4% to 78.0%] and 65.5% (95% CI 48.2% to 82.8%) for the IND and CON arms, respectively. CONCLUSION Both study arms merit further testing in patients with limited volume stage III NSCLC.
Vertex domination-critical graphs

A dominating set in a graph G is a set of vertices D such that every vertex of G is either in D or is adjacent some vertex of D. The domination number Γ(G) of G is the minimum cardinality of any dominating set. A graph is vertex domination-critical if the removal of any vertex decreases its domination number. This paper gives examples and properties of vertex domination-critical graphs, presents a method of constructing them, and poses some open questions. In the process several results for arbitrary graphs are presented.
Large-scale cross-sectional serological survey of Schmallenberg virus in Belgian cattle at the end of the first vector season.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Belgian cattle population after the first period of infection of the emerging Schmallenberg virus. A total number of 11 635 cattle from 422 herds sampled between 2 January and 7 March 2012 were tested for the presence of Schmallenberg-specific antibodies using an ELISA kit. Between-herd seroprevalence in cattle was estimated at 99.76% (95% CI: 98.34-99.97) and within-herd seroprevalence at 86.3% (95% CI: 84.75-87.71). An Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.3 (P < 0.001) was found, indicating that the correlation between two animals within a herd with respect to their serological status was high. Those results corroborate the conclusion that the Schmallenberg virus was widespread in Belgium during winter 2011. Seroprevalence was shown to be statistically associated to the animal's age (P < 0.0001): with 64.9% (95% CI: 61.34-68.3) estimated for the 6-12 months of age, 86.79% (95% CI: 84.43-88.85) for the 12-24 months of age and 94.4% (95% CI: 93.14-95.44) for the animals older than 24 months. Based on the results of the described serological survey, we can conclude that after the first Schmallenberg virus episode, almost every Belgian cattle has already been in contact with the virus. In consequence, the vast majority of the host animals should have developed post infection protective immunity against the virus.
Sentiment analysis in Twitter

Abstract In recent years, the interest among the research community in sentiment analysis (SA) has grown exponentially. It is only necessary to see the number of scientific publications and forums or related conferences to understand that this is a field with great prospects for the future. On the other hand, the Twitter boom has boosted investigation in this area due fundamentally to its potential applications in areas such as business or government intelligence, recommender systems, graphical interfaces and virtual assistance. However, to fully understand this issue, a profound revision of the state of the art is first necessary. It is for this reason that this paper aims to represent a starting point for those investigations concerned with the latest references to Twitter in SA.
Weighted k-cardinality trees: Complexity and polyhedral structure

We consider the k-CARD TREE problem, i.e., the problem of finding in a given undirected graph G a subtree with k edges, having minimum weight. Applications of this problem arise in oil-field leasing and facility layout. Although the general problem is shown to be strongly NP hard, it can be solved in polynomial time if G is itself a tree. We give an integer programming formulation of k-CARD TREE and an efficient exact separation routine for a set of generalized subtour elimination constraints. The polyhedral structure of the convex hull of the integer solutions is studied. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Paranoid Explanations of Experience: A Novel Experimental Study

Background: Paranoia is a common experience in the non-clinical population. We use a novel experimental methodology to investigate paranoid ideas in individuals without a history of mental illness. Aims: We aimed to determine whether this paradigm could elicit unfounded paranoid thoughts and whether these thoughts could be predicted by factors from a cognitive model. Method: Fifty-eight individuals took part and completed measures assessing trait paranoia, mood, self and other schema and attributional style. They were exposed to two experimental events: 1) an interruption to the testing session by a stooge, and 2) a recording of laughter played outside the testing room and subsequently asked about their explanations for these events. Results: 15.5% (n = 9) of the sample gave a paranoid explanation for at least one of the experimental events. The remainder reported generally neutral explanations. Individuals with a paranoid explanation reported significantly higher levels of trait paranoia. Factors predictive of a paranoid interpretation were interpersonal sensitivity and attributional style. Conclusions: The results show that spontaneous paranoid explanations can be elicited in non-clinical individuals, even for quite neutral events. In line with current theories, the findings suggest that emotional processes contribute to paranoid interpretations of events, although, as a novel study with a modest sample, it requires replication.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Withdrawal from Antidepressant Medication: A Single Case Series

Background: Research has clearly established the efficacy of pharmacotherapy and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for depression. There is less literature addressing cessation of treatment, such as relapse during withdrawal from antidepressant medication. Aims: The current study examines the role of psychological constructs that may influence relapse or fear of relapse and lead to resumption of medication. This hypothesizes that during withdrawal individuals may misinterpret normal variations in mood and dysphoric or other symptoms as reduced levels of medication in their bodies in keeping with a simplistic rationale for antidepressants. Method: The study uses an intensive single case AB style design in three cases during the withdrawal process. All participants had been treated with CBT plus antidepressants and had previously attempted to withdraw from antidepressants. The first part of the study naturalistically tracks belief changes as medication decreases; the second examines changes in these if/when a CBT intervention is introduced due to relapse or potential near-relapse. Daily self-monitoring diaries were used to measure target variables, together with standardized questionnaires up to 6 months follow-up. Results: Changes in symptoms, appraisal of symptoms, and beliefs about medication changed throughout the study. All participants remained medication free at 6 months follow-up. Two cases received CBT intervention due to possible relapse; the third underwent an unproblematic withdrawal. Conclusions: Patterns of change are discussed in terms of current approaches to medication cessation and the role of CBT during withdrawal.
Finding the extreme Z‐eigenvalues of tensors via a sequential semidefinite programming method

In this paper, we first introduce the tensor conic linear programming (TCLP), which is a generalization of the space TCLP. Then an approximation method, by using a sequence of semidefinite programming problems, is proposed to solve the TCLP. In particular, we reformulate the extreme Z‐eigenvalue problem as a special TCLP. It gives a numerical algorithm to compute the extreme Z‐eigenvalue of an even order tensor with dimension larger than three, which improves the literature. Numerical experiments show the efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomized trial of a single-dose rasburicase versus five-daily doses in patients at risk for tumor lysis syndrome.

BACKGROUND Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening disorder characterized by hyperuricemia and metabolic derangements. The efficacy of rasburicase, administered daily for 5 days, has been well established. However, the optimal duration of therapy is unknown in adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated the efficacy of rasburicase (0.15 mg/kg) administered as single dose followed by as needed dosing (maximum five doses) versus daily dosing for 5 days in adult patients at risk for TLS. RESULTS Eighty of the 82 patients enrolled received rasburicase; 40 high risk [median uric acid (UA) 8.5 mg/dl; range, 1.5-19.7] and 40 potential risk (UA = 5.6 mg/dl; range, 2.4-7.4). Seventy-nine patients (99%) experienced normalization in their UA within 4 h after the first dose; 84% to an undetectable level (<0.7 mg/dl). Thirty-nine of 40 (98%) patients in the daily-dose arm and 34 of 40 (85%) patients in single-dose arm showed sustained UA response. Six high-risk patients within the single-dose arm required second dose for UA >7.5 mg/dl. Rasburicase was well tolerated; one patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency developed methemoglobinemia and hemolysis. CONCLUSIONS Rasburicase is highly effective for prevention and management of hyperuricemia in adults at risk for TLS. Single-dose rasburicase was effective in most patients; only a subset of high-risk patients required a second dose.
Translating CBT for voices into a program for carers: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND The treatment of persisting psychotic symptoms with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBTp) is now established as an evidence-based treatment; however its availability remains limited. We piloted a novel CBTp skills-based group training program for carers. The aim was to reduce service users' auditory hallucinations severity through carers' use of basic CBTp methods in their regular interactions. METHOD Eight carer-service user dyads and one carer-carer-service user triad participated. Carers attended the 10-week (25-hour) program, and completed measures of subjective burden and expressed emotion (EE) over a 30-week period that included a baseline phase prior to the training and implementation phase. Service users completed weekly interviews assessing voice symptomatology. Analyses were conducted for each dyad using time-series methods. RESULTS The training program was rated highly. Improvements in symptoms and carer burden ranged from none to clinically significant across different dyads. Carer implementation of strategies was related to reduced symptoms in one dyad; reductions in EE were related to symptom improvements in two dyads. CONCLUSIONS There may be benefits in training carers in behavioural and cognitive management of persisting hallucinations. Possible mechanisms for improvements in voice symptomatology include reduction in carers' EE, and carer implementation of strategies taught.
CHANGES IN REFRACTION FOLLOWING OPERATION FOR STRABISMUS

The importance in orthoptic training and in the care of all patients with strabismus of obtaining the best possible vision is obvious and well established. The only exception is the case in which the better eye is deliberately fogged in some way in order to stimulate improvement in vision in the amblyopic eye. Except when such training is purposely carried on, every care must be taken to insure the patient's possessing at all times his maximum of visual acuity. To this end, errors of refraction are carefully corrected, and properly fitted glasses become probably the most important single factor in the treatment of strabismus. That glasses often need changing after operations on the extra-ocular muscles for strabismus has received little emphasis by recent writers. In fact, in most texts and articles dealing with changes in refraction only bare mention has been made of the possible effect that surgical intervention
Comparison of experiences of stress and coping between young people at risk of psychosis and a non-clinical cohort.

BACKGROUND Although the experience of stress and associated coping responses are thought to play a role in the onset of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, there is little empirical evidence to support such a relationship. The relatively recent development of validated and reliable criteria for identifying young people at "ultra" high-risk (UHR) of psychosis has enabled the process of illness onset to be studied more closely than was previously possible. METHOD This longitudinal study compared the experiences of stress and coping between a UHR cohort (N=143) and a healthy comparison group (HC group, N=32). RESULTS The UHR group experienced significantly fewer life events over a 12-month period than the HC group, but there was no difference in the experience of minor events or "hassles". However, the UHR group reported feeling significantly more distressed by events, felt they coped more poorly and utilized different coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS The appraisals made about stressors differentiated the groups and was associated with differences in coping and distress levels. This suggests that treatment strategies focusing on stress management and enhancing coping skills might be important components of preventive interventions.
Cruciferous vegetables and cancer risk in a network of case-control studies.

BACKGROUND Cruciferous vegetables have been suggested to protect against various cancers, though the issue is open to discussion. To further understand their role, we analyzed data from a network of case-control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland. PATIENTS AND METHODS The studies included a total of 1468 cancers of the oral cavity/pharynx, 505 of the esophagus, 230 of the stomach, 2390 of the colorectum, 185 of the liver, 326 of the pancreas, 852 of the larynx, 3034 of the breast, 367 of the endometrium, 1031 of the ovary, 1294 of the prostate, 767 of the kidney, and 11,492 controls. All cancers were incident, histologically confirmed; controls were subjects admitted to the same network of hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute nonneoplastic conditions. RESULTS The multivariate odds ratio (OR) for consumption of cruciferous vegetables at least once a week as compared with no/occasional consumption was significantly reduced for cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx (OR=0.83), esophagus (OR=0.72), colorectum (OR=0.83), breast (OR=0.83), and kidney (OR=0.68). The OR was below unity, but not significant, for stomach (OR=0.90), liver (OR=0.72), pancreatic (OR=0.90), laryngeal (OR=0.84), endometrial (OR=0.93), ovarian (OR=0.91), and prostate (OR=0.87) cancer. CONCLUSION This large series of studies provides additional evidence of a favorable effect of cruciferous vegetables on several common cancers.
Exploring Perceptions of “Wellness” in Black Ethnic Minority Individuals at Risk of Developing Psychosis

Background: The NICE Schizophrenia guidelines (NICE, 2009, Update) recommend that services should address cultural differences in treatment, expectations and adherence, and clients’ explanatory models of illness should be better understood. Service users from Black African and Black Caribbean communities are overrepresented in psychosis services in the UK, yet there is no literature on how wellness is understood by this group. Aims: This study explored perceptions of wellness in Black African and Black Caribbean individuals with an At Risk Mental State (ARMS) for psychosis. Method: A Q set of potential meanings of wellness was identified from a literature search and interviews with people at risk of developing psychosis. From this, 50 potential definitions were identified; twenty Black African and Black Caribbean ARMS clients ranked these definitions. Results: Following factor analysis of completed Q sorts, six factors emerged that offered insight into perceptions of wellness in this population. These factors included: sense of social purpose explanation, the surviving God's test explanation, the internalization of spirituality explanation, understanding and attribution of symptoms to witchcraft explanation, avoidance and adversity explanation, and seeking help to cope explanation. Conclusions: Although preliminary, differences between the factors suggests that there may be perceptions of wellness specific to these groups that are distinct from the medical view of wellness promoted within early detection services. These differences may potentially impact upon engagement, particularly factors that clients feel may facilitate or aide their recovery. It is suggested that these differences need to be considered as part of the assessment and formulation process.
Induction chemotherapy followed by gefitinib and concurrent thoracic radiotherapy for unresectable locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung: a multicenter feasibility study (JCOG 0402).

BACKGROUND We conducted a feasibility study of induction chemotherapy followed by gefitinib and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) for unresectable locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received induction chemotherapy with cisplatin (80 mg/m(2), days 1 and 22) and vinorelbine (25 mg/m(2), days 1, 8, 22, and 29) followed by gefitinib (250 mg daily, beginning on day 43, for 1 year) and TRT (60 Gy/30 fractions, days 57-98). The primary end point was feasibility, which was defined as the proportion of patients who completed 60 Gy of TRT and received >75% of the planned dose of gefitinib without developing grade 2 or worse pneumonitis. RESULTS Of the 38 enrolled patients, 23 patients [60.5% ; 80% confidence interval (CI) 48.8-71.3] completed treatment without experiencing grade 2 or worse pneumonitis. During the chemoradiation phase, grade 3-4 alanine aminotransferase elevations were observed in 37.1% of the patients. The overall response rate was 73.0% . The median survival time was 28.5 months (95% CI 22.5-38.2), and the 2-year survival rate was 65.4% . CONCLUSIONS Although the results did not meet our criterion for feasibility, the toxicity was acceptable. This treatment warrants further evaluation among patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harboring epidermal growth factor receptor mutations.
Zolpidem withdrawal delirium, seizure, and acute psychosis: Case reports and literature review

Zolpidem, a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug, shows a high affinity for the BZ1 (ω1) subtypes of the modulatory sites within the GABAA receptor complex, but classical benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam) have a non-specific affinity profile at ω1 and ω2 subtypes of the GABAA receptor. Therefore, zolpidem is thought to be safer than benzodiazepines. We present five cases with withdrawal delirium, seizure, acute psychosis and orofacial dyskinesia that developed following cessation of zolpidem. Adverse effects such as withdrawal seizure and withdrawal delirium have been rarely reported in relation to zolpidem. Chemically unrelated to benzodiazepines, zolpidem is thought to have fewer adverse effects, but shares a pharmacokinetic profile with the benzodiazepines. It is advised that the normal criteria for the prescription of benzodiazepines also be used when prescribing non-benzodiazepine sedatives and hypnotics, as they act upon the same receptor, namely, the benzodiazepine-GABA-chloride complex. However, at higher than recommended doses for extended periods of time, the addictive potential of zolpidem may be similar to that of the benzodiazepines. It is possible that zolpidem abandons its selectivity for the BZ1 receptors and demonstrates all the actions of classic benzodiazepines.
A randomized phase II study investigating the addition of the specific COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib to docetaxel plus carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy for stage IC to IV epithelial ovarian cancer, Fallopian tube or primary peritoneal carcinomas: the DoCaCel study.

BACKGROUND In ovarian cancer, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression is prognostic for poor survival. We investigated the efficacy of celecoxib (C), a selective COX-2 inhibitor, added to docetaxel (Taxotere)/carboplatin (DC) in advanced ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a phase II, randomized study, 400 mg celecoxib b.i. d. was added to first-line DC treatment (DCC). Celecoxib was to be continued after DC termination up to 3 years. Study end points were tolerability, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS 151 of 196 eligible patients were diagnosed with stage IIIC/IV disease. Median follow-up for patients alive was 32.3 months. Celecoxib was used during a mean of 8.5 months. Twenty-three of 97 DCC patients stopped celecoxib prematurely, mainly due to skin reactions. Complete biochemical response was achieved in 51/78 DC patients (65%) versus 57/78 DCC patients (75%, not significant). In both study arms, median PFS was 14.3 months and median OS 34 months. COX-2 was expressed in 82% of 120 tumor samples retrospectively recovered. The PFS and OS of patients with intermediate/high COX-2 expression were similar to that in the other patients. CONCLUSION Celecoxib did not influence PFS and OS, but interpretation of results is hampered by premature celecoxib discontinuation.