Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An insider’s view of a mathematics learning disability: Compensating to gain access to fractions

ABSTRACT Research on mathematics learning disability (i.e., dyscalculia) tends to adopt a deficit model of the learner and quantify the ways in which these students are deficient. In this study we adopt a radically different approach. We understand disabilities to result from issues of access, and we explore mathematics learning disability (MLD) by leveraging the expertise of an individual with first-hand experience with this disability. Dylan (second author) has a unique perspective because, in addition to having an MLD, she also majored in statistics in college. Through videotaped interviews we documented the issues of access Dylan encountered and the ways in which she compensated to gain access. In this article we focus specifically on the topic of fractions, and identify Dylan’s issues of access with standard representations of fractions, including symbolic notation, area models, and fraction manipulatives. These issues of access mirrored the difficulties documented in other students with MLD, but were not similarly problematic for Dylan. This research provides novel insight into the difficulties experienced by students with MLD, reframes deficits in terms of issues of access, and demonstrates how an individual with an MLD may learn to compensate.
On the Throughput of Channels That Wear Out

This paper investigates the fundamental limits of communication over a noisy discrete memoryless channel that wears out, in the sense of signal-dependent catastrophic failure. In particular, we consider a channel that starts as a memoryless binary-input channel and when the number of transmitted ones causes a sufficient amount of damage, the channel ceases to convey signals. Constant composition codes are adopted to obtain an achievability bound, and the left-concave right-convex inequality is then refined to obtain a converse bound on the log-volume throughput for channels that wear out. Since infinite blocklength codes will always wear out the channel for any finite threshold of failure, and therefore cannot convey information at positive rates, we analyze the performance of finite blocklength codes to determine the maximum expected transmission volume at a given level of average error probability. We show that this maximization problem has a recursive form and can be solved by dynamic programming. Numerical results demonstrate that a sequence of block codes is preferred to a single block code for streaming sources.
Gait Study of Parkinson’s Disease Subjects Using Haptic Cues with A Motorized Walker

Gait abnormalities are one of the distinguishing symptoms of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) that contribute to fall risk. Our study compares the gait parameters of people with PD when they walk through a predefined course under different haptic speed cue conditions (1) without assistance, (2) pushing a conventional rolling walker, and (3) holding onto a self-navigating motorized walker under different speed cues. Six people with PD were recruited at the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine to participate in this study. Spatial posture and gait data of the test subjects were collected via a VICON motion capture system. We developed a framework to process and extract gait features and applied statistical analysis on these features to examine the significance of the findings. The results showed that the motorized walker providing a robust haptic cue significantly improved gait symmetry of PD subjects. Specifically, the asymmetry index of the gait cycle time was reduced from 6.7% when walking without assistance to 0.56% and below when using a walker. Furthermore, the double support time of a gait cycle was reduced by 4.88% compared to walking without assistance.
Achieving Novel Magnetic States in Perovskite Oxides through Heteroepitaxy

This dissertation is focused on controlling the spin state and long-range magnetic order in cobaltites by heteroepitaxial thin-film growth. I explore the growth of two different cobaltite materials, LaCoO3 and PrCoO3, on lattice-mismatched substrates to determine the role of epitaxial strain in giving rise to long-range magnetic order. This magnetic order is not found in the bulk cobaltite material and warrants the detailed investigations carried out in this work. I investigate changes in structure and stoichiometry that influence the electronic structure and the long-range magnetic order in these materials. In the LaCoO3 system, I explore the changes in structure in the films under tensile strain and compressive strain by growth on SrTiO3, LaSrAlTaO3, and LaAlO3 substrates and film growth between 8 nm -133 nm thick. Substrate-dependent oxygen vacancy ordering in the films is found using microstructural characterization, presumably related to the amount of stress in each of the films. By carrying out a study of the effects on the film structure from the oxygen growth pressure, I find an overall increase in the out-of-plane lattice parameter with lower oxygen growth pressures. These structural and stoichiometry changes in the LaCoO3 films to trends appear to be related to the stabilization of long-range magnetic order. Highest moment is found in the films in tension (which also have the most defects) on SrTiO3 and LaSrAlTaO3 substrates and the lowest moment is found in films in compression on LaAlO3. Element-specific X-ray absorption techniques reveal contributions from Co in different spin and valence states. I show how strain affects the electronic structure and distribution of these different states and relate these observations to trends observed in the magnetism. Strained films in tension have the highest amount of high spin Co 3+ and high spin Co 2+ , while relaxed films appear to have mostly low spin Co 3+ at 25 K. I present some scenarios to explain how these different Co ions combine to give rise to long-range ferromagnetic order in LaCoO3 films. In the PrCoO3 system, I explore whether long-range magnetic order can be observed using heteroepitaxial synthesis similar to the efforts in the LaCoO3 thin film system despite PrCoO3 having a more stable low spin state configuration in the bulk. The PrCoO3 films in tension are ferromagnetic, similar to the LaCoO3 system. Thus, epitaxial strain dominates the effects of chemical pressure which stabilize a low spin state. The strained films have more high spin Co 3+ . The implication of Co sublattice ordering on the ordering of the Pr sublattice is explored using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. A rare ordering of the Pr ions anti-parallel to the orientation of the moments on the Co sublattice appears to occur in this system. These studies demonstrate the power of heteroepitaxial synthesis to give rise to new magnetic functionality in perovskite oxide systems.
High-resolution analysis of rapid climate change from Greenland ice cores

Extreme shifts in the climate system have long been recognized but the timescales for most events are large, occurring over millennia or longer. There is however, growing evidence for abrupt shifts in the climate system on much shorter timescales of centuries, decades or even years. It is these abrupt climate changes that would have the biggest impact on modern society with a potentially large and catastrophic climate shift occurring within the human lifespan. In this thesis I investigate two large and abrupt climate oscillations, as observed in the Greenland ice core record. The first is the most prominent cold event to have occurred during the Holocene, the cold event 8,200 years ago (the 8.2 kyr event) and the second is one of the strongest and longest glacial oscillations, Dansgaard-Oeschger event 8 (DO-8). I present a collection of high-resolution chemistry and stable isotope records from the plateau of the Greenland ice cap during the cold event 8,200 years ago. Using a composite of 4 records, the cold event is observed as a 160.5 year period during which decadal-mean isotopic values were below average, within which there is a central event of 69 years during which values were consistently more than one standard deviation below the average for the preceding period. The results show clear evidence for colder temperatures and a decrease in snow accumulation rate. However, the changes in chemical concentrations for the ions looked at here are small, suggesting only minor changes in atmospheric circulation for this event. Apart from the decrease in methane concentration, Greenland ice cores give only weak evidence for effects outside the North Atlantic region. A new high-resolution chemical and stable isotope record is presented, from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) ice core, during Dansgaard-Oeschger event 8. The onset of DO-8 is first observed as a rapid decrease in chemical deposition to Greenland, indicating a large and abrupt shift in oceanic and atmospheric circulation. The change in the chemical deposition is followed over a decade later by an increase in temperature of approximately 13°C, from extreme cold stadial conditions to warm interstadial conditions, accompanied by a 33 % increase in annual snow accumulation. The transition is observed in the deuterium excess record as an abrupt shift to warmer source water conditions in the period after the chemical transition but considerably earlier than interstadial temperatures have been reached.
INTERACTION EFFECTS OF TEACHER-PRESENCE AND STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL OF SCIENCE PHYSICS WITH COMPUTER-AIDED LEARNING

This research aims to identify the impact of computer-aided learning (CAL) on the level of achievement in the subject of science-physics among high school students. The findings of the research showed the main effect of the CAL teacher-presence (no teacher and with teacher) and performance level (low and high) is significant. CAL teacher-presence (no teacher and with teacher) give different effects on performance in science-physics. The mean post-test for students with teacher group (74.79) was significantly higher than the mean for student with no teacher group (71.25). Similarly, the mean for the upper level students (75.35) is higher than the mean for the lower level students (71.67). Two-way ANOVA test showed the presence of CAL teacher-interaction (no teacher and with teacher) and the level of achievement (low and high) are not significant. Simple correlation test is carried out to find out the relationship between learning skills and attitudes towards learning in science-physics performance. The correlation analysis achievement and learning skills were shown positive and significant at the 0.05 level. Similarly, the relationship between students' attitudes and their performance shows a positive and significant at the 0.05 level. The findings of this research also showed that students perceived CAL as positive. Students also felt convenient and fun due to the effectiveness of science-physics learning using CAL. Based on these research findings, CAL should be promoted in science education, particularly for students with low achievement. CAL can be done in the classroom with the teacher as facilitators alone, or even at the high school open-learning organized by the students themselves. CAL is claimed as effective towards learning among students either with no teacher or with teacher.
Polariton ring condensates and sunflower ripples in an expanding quantum liquid

Optically pumping high quality semiconductor microcavities allows for the spontaneous formation of polariton condensates, which can propagate over distances of many microns. Tightly focussed pump spots here are found to produce expanding incoherent bottleneck polaritons which coherently amplify the ballistic polaritons and lead to the formation of unusual ring condensates. This quantum liquid is found to form a remarkable sunflower-like spatial ripple pattern which arises from self interference with Rayleigh-scattered coherent polariton waves in the Cerenkov regime.
Top-down effects on the size-biomass distribution of a freshwater bacterioplankton community

Protistan size-selective grazing on aquatic bacteria has frequently been demonstrated in the laboratory, but its postulated effects on the size distribution of natural bacterioplankton communities remain uninvestigated. For a period of 5 wk we followed the spring development of the epilimnetic microbial community in an oligo-mesotrophic lake. Changes In bacterial size distributions and growth parameters were quantified and compared with the abundance, biomass and bacterivory of the heterotrophic nanoflagellate (HNF) community. We observed pronounced shifts within 2 distinct size ranges of the bactenoplankton. Short, rod-shaped cells between 0.4 and 1.2 pm cell length formed between 30 to 70% of total bacterial biomass; cells >2.4 pm were responsible for another 20 to 50%. High HNF community grazing rates (> loo% of newly produced cells) were reflected in a biomass drop of bacteria between 0.4 and 1.2 pm cell length, whereas large cells (>2.4 pm) were almost half of total bacterial biomass during this period. When HNF abundance and bacterivory decreased, the opposite pattern was observed. 13H]Thymidine and [14C]leucine uptake per respiring bacterial cell were maximal during the period of rapid increase of bacterial cells between 0.4 and 1.2 pm. Both flagellate total grazing and individual clearance rates were negatively correlated with growth per active bacterial cell. The biomass of 'grazing-resistant' bacteria was correlated with flagellate bacterivory and biomass, and size-selective protistan grazing influenced the size structure of bacterioplankton as well as the mean per-cell growth of the active bacterial fraction. We suggest a model that divides freshwater bacterioplankton into 4 size ranges of different vulnerability to size-selective protistan grazing.
Normative values for electrical activity of the diaphragm in full term neonates during awake and sleep stages

Objective: To establish normative electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) values in full term neonates during awake and sleep stages. Method: Term neonates not requiring mechanical ventilation or respiratory assistance at the time of the study were recruited. Edi was monitored using SERVO-i ventilator software for four hours. Respiratory rate and heart rate were recorded every 15 minutes. T-tests were performed; p Population Edi peak was 11  5.3 μV and Edi min was 3  2.2 μV. Edi peak while asleep was 10  4.2 μV and increased to 16 ± 6.1 μV while awake. The average Edi min while asleep was 3  1.9 μV and increased to 5  2.4 μV while awake. No change in respiratory rate or heart rate. Conclusion: These are the first normative values for neonates. Edi peak and min were higher while awake than asleep.
TERRAÇOS FLUVIAIS COMO INDICADORES DA DINÂMICA GEOMORFOLÓGICA NO QUATERNÁRIO: ESTUDO DE CASO NA DEPRESSÃO PERIFÉRICA PAULISTA

Os terracos fluviais sao considerados formas de relevo “chave” para o entendimento das mudancas ambientais na escala de tempo da natureza, atuando como paleo-indicadores de processos morfogeneticos ocorridos durante o Quaternario, sobretudo no Holoceno. O metodo de datacao absoluta por Luminescencia tem se mostrado vantajoso para a obtencao de idades dos materiais constituintes de terracos fluviais, devido a sua possibilidade de aplicacao em diversas condicoes ambientais, a tipos de materiais distintos e atraves de diferentes tecnicas. Diante destas consideracoes, o objetivo desse artigo foi colaborar com o entendimento da evolucao do relevo durante o Quaternario, no setor da Depressao Periferica presente no interior do Estado de Sao Paulo. Para isso, foi analisada a evolucao geocronologica dos terracos fluviais da Alta Bacia do Rio Passa Cinco, localizada nos municipios de Ipeuna e de Itirapina, atraves da analise das idades obtidas pelo metodo de datacao por Luminescencia Opticamente Estimulada, da apresentacao das analises granulometricas dos materiais que compoem estes depositos e da comparacao com trabalhos anteriores que utilizaram metodos de datacao em terracos fluviais na Bacia Sedimentar do Parana. Foram obtidas as idades de 6 amostras de terracos fluviais, as quais permitiram a proposta de uma sequencia geocronologica de 4 fases para a elaboracao dos terracos da area estudada, a saber: 1) e ntre 37.700 e 32.250 anos A. P; 2) entre 3.000 e 2.000 anos A. P; 3) Em 1.470 anos A. P.; e 4) 600 anos A. P. Considerando a proposta de outros autores para a regiao, avaliou-se que parte dessas fases se desenvolveram em condicoes climaticas mais secas que a atual, demonstrando a dinâmica quaternaria de evolucao da bacia analisada.
Neoliberalization of Housing in Sweden: Gentrification, Filtering, and Social Polarization

During the last twenty-five years, housing policy in Sweden has radically changed. Once forming a pillar of the comprehensive welfare system, abbreviated the “Swedish model,” neoliberal housing politics have established market-governed housing provision with a minimum of state engagement. This shift has had consequences on the social geography of housing conditions. The research reported here analyzes social geographic change in Sweden's three largest cities—Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö—between 1986 and 2001, relating observed patterns of gentrification and filtering to cycles of accumulation and to neoliberalization of housing policies. First, we outline the neoliberalization of Swedish housing policies. We then present an empirical analysis of gentrification and filtering in the three cities, spanning two boom periods (1986–1991, 1996–2001) and a bust period (1991–1996). The data reveal social geographic polarization manifested in the growth of supergentrification and low-income filtering. The analysis also introduces the concept of ordinary gentrification, supporting the move in gentrification research toward a broad generic conception of the process. Political reforms after 2001 are summarized and we argue that these underlie the continued increase in inequality and that the social geographic polarization mapped between 1986 and 2001 has probably intensified during this decade.
A P ] 6 A ug 2 01 8 Semigroup theory for the Stokes operator with Navier boundary condition on L p spaces

We consider the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a bounded domain with C1,1 boundary, completed with slip boundary condition. Apart from studying the general semigroup theory related to the Stokes operator with Navier boundary condition where the slip coefficient α is a non-smooth scalar function, our main goal is to obtain estimate on the solutions, independent of α. We show that for α large, the weak and strong solutions of both the linear and non-linear system are bounded uniformly with respect to α. This justifies mathematically that the solution of the Navier-Stokes problem with slip condition converges in the energy space to the solution of the Navier-Stokes with no-slip boundary condition as α → ∞.
Effect of Education Program on Nurses ’ Knowledge , Attitudes , and Intentions Towards Myocardial Infarction Prevention and Treatment

BACKGROUND: This is triangulation method including experimental approach was done to evaluate the effectiveness of education program on nurses' knowledge, attitudes and intentions towards Myocardial infarction prevention and treatment. The study was conducted in three governmental hospitals OBJECTIVE: This study assessed and examined the Effect of education program on nurses' knowledge, attitudes and intentions towards Myocardial infarction (MI) prevention and treatment. METHODS: Triangulation method including experimental approach using before-after test design and focus group were used. A total of 194 nurses were recruited from three hospitals, Nurses’ knowledge about myocardial infarction was measured by MI knowledge test, while attitudes and intentions were measured by MI survey. Repeated measures, t-test and ANOVA were used to assess and examine the influence of an educational program and the relationship of a set of independent variables on nurses' knowledge, to obtain more in depth information about the topic, focus group method was used, The thematic analysis guided by Krueger steps was used in analysing the qualitative data produced through the focus group. RESULTS: The study results showed that an educational program improves nurses' knowledge, attitudes and intentions towards MI prevention and treatment. The mean scores of nurses' knowledge for the experimental group improved significantly (P<.001) from (10.5) at pre-test to (15.26) at post-test. There were statistically significant improvements in the mean intentions scores from baseline (M = 12.5, SD = 3.8) to post-education (M = 15.1, SD = 2.5). Paired t test showed statistically significant difference between pre and post intention scores of the experimental group (t = -6.7, P = <0.001). Finding from the focus group revealed the following four themes: lack of accurate information about myocardial infarction among nurses, positive nurse values toward MI prevention and treatment, experiences and tradition guiding nursing care, and barriers, short staff, lack of time and materials prevented nurses from implementing MI prevention and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The educational program conduction improved nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and intentions towards MI prevention and treatment which can lead to improve the nursing quality care and decrease cost and human suffering. The study results indicated that there is a need for conducting updatedprograms for all nurses to keep the nurses' knowledge on MI built on evidence and routinely assess to improve patient outcome, also, findings guide hospitals and health care agencies to develop institutional protocols and national guidelines that can improve nurses' care practices.
SIRT 4 is upregulated in breast cancer and promotes the proliferation , migration and invasion of breast cancer cells

Background: Several members of the SIRT family (SIRT1-7), a highly conserved family of NAD+-dependent enzymes, play an important role in tumor formation. Recently, several studies have suggested that SIRT4 may function as both a tumor oncogene and a tumor suppressor. However, its relationship with breast cancer remains unclear. Methods: We investigated SIRT4 protein levels in breast cancer and its possible association with selected clinicopathological parameters by immunohistochemical staining of a tissue microarray that included samples from 94 breast cancer patients. We further invested the effect of SIRT4 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Results: SIRT4 protein levels in breast were markedly higherthan their non-neoplastic tissue counterparts (P<0.001). Additionally, SIRT4 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Conclusions: Our results show that SIRT4 possess oncogenic properties at the human cancer cell level and indicate that SIRT4 may participate in the development of breast cancer.
Guided Inquiry Model To Promote Science Process Skill Students on Acid-Base

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of guided inquiry learning model to train the science process skills of learners on acid-base material grade XI from one public school (Senior High School 1 Bangkalan). The type of this research is descriptive quantitative with "One Group Pretest-Posttest Design”. The instruments used for this research are observation sheet of the implementation of the guided inquiry learning model and sheet of the science process skill result. The results of this study shows that (1) the percentage of learning implementation increased, indicating a better quality of learning and (2) the percentage of students' science process skills test results