Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motives for Using Social Network Sites (SNSs) - An Analysis of SNS Adoption Among Students

Social Network Sites (SNSs) are widely used and have been object of research for some years. Existing studies have investigated single Social Networking (SN) phenomena or the usage of particular SNSs. However, only little research has been conducted on the motives for using SNSs. The paper at hand will present a survey for gaining insight into the motives of SNS usage and potential contextual factors that might shape these motives. The study was conducted in two steps: 1) Generation of hypotheses by guided interviews; 2) Test of hypotheses by two online surveys. Drawing on the results as well as the current body of research, the authors will identify different motives for the usage and none-usage of SNSs and determine potential contextual factors.
A new benzofuran from the heartwood of Dalbergia latifolia

Abstract A new benzofuran compound, named 2-[5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(3-p-henyl-trans-allyloxy)benzyl]-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenylbenzofuran (1), together with (+)-obtusafuran (2) and isoparvifuran (3), was isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia latifolia. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic methods and comparison with the literature. Compounds 2 and 3 were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compound 1 exhibited moderated antioxidant effect for scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical (IC50 = 96.7 ± 8.9 μM).
[Effect of Cynomorium songaricum polysaccharide on telomere length in blood and brain of D-galactose-induced senescence mice].

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Cynomorium songaricum polysaccharide (CSP) on telomere length in blood and brain tissues of aged mice in order to provide some evidence for CSP's development and applying in the clinical uses. METHOD Kunming mice were intraperitoneal injected D-galactose (500 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) to make the aging models, and different dosages of CSP (20, 40, 80 mg x kg(-1)) were given by gavage for 56 days. The average length of telomere was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULT The relative T/S ratio of the group high and middle dosages of CSP in blood were 1.64 +/- 0.36 and 1.33 +/0.28, respectively, and higher than that of the group of senescence 1.01 +/- 0.13 (P < 0.01). Values of the group of high, middle, and low dosages of CSP in brain tissues were 3.34 +/- 0.58, 2.30 +/- 0. 75 and 1.55 +/- 0.58, respectively, and significantly higher than that of the group of senescence 1.04 +/- 0.33 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION CSP can exert the anti-aging effects by increase telomere length f senescence mice.
Inducible expression of Egr-1-dependent genes. A paradigm of transcriptional activation in vascular endothelium.

Throughout the vascular network, endothelium forms the continuous cellular interface between the circulating blood elements and the surrounding tissues. These cells provide a nonthrombogenic surface and a permeability barrier capable of modulating blood flow and vascular reactivity. As such, the integrity of the endothelium is a fundamental requirement for the maintenance of normal homeostasis. Injury to this lining and the subsequent inflammatory response are among the earliest cellular events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.1 This can result in dramatic phenotypic changes that render otherwise quiescent endothelium adhesive and prothrombotic. Lesions of atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis may develop under the influence of molecules inducibly expressed or simply released by activated or injured endothelium. Several lines of evidence over the last decade, based on ligand and receptor localization, overexpression, and infusion studies, have correlated PDGF with the development of vascular occlusive lesions. PDGF appears to play a regulatory role in the migratory, rather than proliferative, events associated with the response to arterial injury. PDGF expression is quite low in the quiescent vessel wall, but levels of the growth factor increase substantially after injury. This Mini Review will focus on the transcriptional mechanisms underlying inducible PDGF expression in vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells, with particular emphasis on the role played by the early growth response gene product, Egr-1. The vessel wall responds to a changing local environment by modulating the expression of specific sets of genes. Transcriptional activation in response to these signals involves the regulated assembly of multiprotein complexes on promoters. The promoter regions of the PDGF-A and PDGF-B genes have been characterized, and some of the regulatory sequences and transcriptional activators have been defined. In endothelial cells, 5′ deletion analysis of both promoters has determined that the minimal promoters consist of ≈100 bp.2 3 The zinc-finger transcription factor, …
Protective antibody levels and dose requirements for IV 5% Nabi Hepatitis B immune globulin combined with lamivudine in liver transplantation for hepatitis B‐induced end stage liver disease

Lamivudine combined with Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIg) prevents post liver transplant (LT) HBV recurrence. The study was designed to assess the impact of lamivudine on hepatitis B antibody (anti‐HBs) and dosage requirements of intravenous 5% HBIg (Nabi‐HB®) in the first 36 weeks post LT. Adults undergoing LT for chronic HBV received lamivudine prior to or at LT, and IV HBIg 20,000 IU on day of LT, 10,000 on days 1‐7, weeks 4 and 8, and 5,000 every 4 weeks thereafter. Replicative status based on serum HBV DNA (> 5 pg/mL = replicator (R) or ≤ 5 pg/mL = nonreplicator (N) was determined at initiation of lamivudine (R or N) and within 2 weeks of LT (r or n), resulting in 3 groups: Nn, Rn, and Rr. Between December 1999 and May 2001, 30 patients (10 Nn, 13 Rn, 6 Rr, and 1 unknown), mean age of 52 years underwent LT. HBsAg neutralization was achieved with anti‐HBs > 300 IU/L during week 1 and > 200 IU/L during weeks 2‐12. All but one patient were HBsAg‐negative on last follow‐up. Pre‐LT suppression of HBV replication resulted in similar dose requirements and pK in the Rn and Nn groups within 1 week after LT. Comparatively, the Rr group had greater HBIg requirements during weeks 1‐12 due to greater anti‐HBs clearance and shortened t1/2 during the entire 36‐week follow‐up. In conclusion, this study provides a rationale for the use of lower HBIg doses in HBV patients with suppressed replication undergoing LT. Liver Transpl 12:124–133, 2006. © 2005 AASLD.
Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community.

BACKGROUND Approximately 30% of people over 65 years of age living in the community fall each year. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions to reduce the incidence of falls in older people living in the community. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 2), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Current Controlled Trials (all to May 2008). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials of interventions to reduce falls in community-dwelling older people. Primary outcomes were rate of falls and risk of falling. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Data were pooled where appropriate. MAIN RESULTS We included 111 trials (55,303 participants). Multiple-component group exercise reduced rate of falls and risk of falling (rate ratio (RaR) 0.78, 95%CI 0.71 to 0.86; risk ratio (RR) 0.83, 95%CI 0.72 to 0.97), as did Tai Chi (RaR 0.63, 95%CI 0.52 to 0.78; RR 0.65, 95%CI 0.51 to 0.82), and individually prescribed multiple-component home-based exercise (RaR 0.66, 95%CI 0.53 to 0.82; RR 0.77, 95%CI 0.61 to 0.97). Assessment and multifactorial intervention reduced rate of falls (RaR 0.75, 95%CI 0.65 to 0.86), but not risk of falling.Overall, vitamin D did not reduce falls (RaR 0.95, 95%CI 0.80 to 1.14; RR 0.96, 95%CI 0.92 to 1.01), but may do so in people with lower vitamin D levels. Overall, home safety interventions did not reduce falls (RaR 0.90, 95%CI 0.79 to 1.03); RR 0.89, 95%CI 0.80 to 1.00), but were effective in people with severe visual impairment, and in others at higher risk of falling. An anti-slip shoe device reduced rate of falls in icy conditions (RaR 0.42, 95%CI 0.22 to 0.78). Gradual withdrawal of psychotropic medication reduced rate of falls (RaR 0.34, 95%CI 0.16 to 0.73), but not risk of falling. A prescribing modification programme for primary care physicians significantly reduced risk of falling (RR 0.61, 95%CI 0.41 to 0.91). Pacemakers reduced rate of falls in people with carotid sinus hypersensitivity (RaR 0.42, 95%CI 0.23 to 0.75). First eye cataract surgery reduced rate of falls (RaR 0.66, 95%CI 0.45 to 0.95). There is some evidence that falls prevention strategies can be cost saving. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Exercise interventions reduce risk and rate of falls. Research is needed to confirm the contexts in which multifactorial assessment and intervention, home safety interventions, vitamin D supplementation, and other interventions are effective.
Reduced incidence of pressure ulcers in patients with hip fractures: a 2-year follow-up of quality indicators.

OBJECTIVE The aims of the present study were to (i) investigate the incidence of pressure ulcers in 1997 and 1999 among patients with hip fracture, (ii) study changes of nursing and treatment routines during the same period and (iii) to identify predictors of pressure ulcer development. DESIGN The present comparative study was based partly on data collected in two prospective, randomized, controlled studies conducted in 1997 and 1999. SETTING The study was carried out in the Accident & Emergency (A&E) Department and the Department of Orthopaedics at the University Hospital in Uppsala, Sweden. STUDY PARTICIPANTS INCLUSION CRITERIA patient with hip fracture, > or = 65 years, admitted without pressure ulcers. Forty-five patents were included in 1997 and 101 in 1999. INTERVENTIONS Risk assessment, pressure ulcer grading, pressure-reducing mattress and educational programme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of pressure ulcers. RESULTS There was a significant reduction of the overall incidence of pressure ulcers from 55% in 1997 to 29% in 1999. The nursing notes had become significantly more informative. Nursing and treatment routines for patients with hip fractures had changed both in the A&E Department and the orthopaedic ward through initiatives developed and implemented by pressure ulcer nurses. CONCLUSION In the framework of a quality improvement project, where research activities were integrated with practice-based developmental work, the incidence of pressure ulcers was reduced significantly in patients with hip fractures. The best predictor of pressure ulcer development was increased age.
Valproate and Carbamazepine in the Treatment of Panic and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders, Withdrawal States, and Behavioral Dyscontrol Syndromes

&NA; A number of preclinical studies and preliminary clinical reports, in some cases augmented by controlled studies, suggest that valproate and carbamazepine may have therapeutic effects in the treatment of certain anxiety disorders (panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder), alcohol and sedative‐hypnotic withdrawal states, and behavioral dyscontrol syndromes. We review the theoretical rationale and available clinical data supporting the potential value of these anticonvulsants in these psychiatric disorders.
Simultaneous surgery for primary colorectal cancer and metastatic lesions?

Abstract Approximately 20–25% of patients with colorectal cancer present with liver metastases at the time of diagnosis. Traditionally, resection of the primary tumor has been advocated in order to prevent complications of the primary tumor colorectal cancer in patients with synchronous liver metastases. The published data concerning long-term prognosis in this group of patients are discordant. Although some of the reports show survival benefits from resection of the primary tumor, these studies are retrospective with small number of patients and using single drug chemotherapy. For patients with resectable liver metastases, new studies indicate that progression-free survival is best in patients receiving perioperative chemotherapy. In patients with synchronous nonresectable liver metastases and colorectal cancer, there is no published prospective randomized study comparing initial surgery of the primary tumor with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, recent publications show that in patients receiving chemotherapy based on oxaliplatin or irinotecan combined with targeted treatments, the complications associated with the primary tumor are less than 10%. The conclusion should be that today prophylactic surgery of asymptomatic primary colorectal cancer in patients with liver metastases cannot be recommended.
Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis in Hawaii

Background The clinical and laboratory findings and outcomes of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis have not been studied in Hawaii. Methods Retrospective inpatient chart reviews of 62 culture-proven osteomyelitis patients between 1996 and 2007 were performed. Results Fifteen patients (24%) had MRSA infection, and 47 patients (76%) had MSSA infection. Length of stay, chronic health problems, total duration of fever, and length of treatment were not significantly different between MRSA- and MSSA-infected patients. The peak erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein values were higher among MRSA infected patients (P values: .009 and .003, respectively). The systemic complication rate was higher in MRSA-infected patients (P value: .018). Conclusions Differing from other pediatric staphylococcal infections in Hawaii, the majority of the patients had MSSA infection. Pacific Islander and Native Hawaiian ethnicities were affected disproportionately and had MRSA infection more frequently. MRSA-infected patients had frequent surgical procedures and systemic complications.
Molecular Biology of Bacterial Viruses

The subject matter of this Ciba symposium departs from the usual specialized, esoteric topics of these meetings. Bringing together such noted scientists as Sir Julian Huxley, Joshua Lederberg, Albert Szent-Gy6rgi, and J. B. S. Haldane, this conference discusses the future of mankind as seen through the eyes of people actively engaged in biological research. These men don the philosopher's hat and attempt to analyze the impact of recent advances in the sciences of genetics, agriculture, psychology, medicine, technology, and others on the future development of man as a social being and on the society in which he lives. Their essays are provocative and challenging and provide interesting reading for scientist and layman alike. They discuss subjects which mankind will be concerned with in the relatively near future such as eugenics, population control, the food supply, and automation and do not deal in prediction of future utopias. At times the central theme of an essay is difficult to follow because the author jumps from one point to another. On the whole, however, the articles are written well, and the thoughts are followed with ease.
An observation on correlation between rainfall and the prevalence of clinical cases of dengue in Thailand.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An investigation was carried out in Thailand to study the correlation between rainfall and prevalence of dengue infection during 2002-03, which can be used for prevention and control of the disease. METHODS Rainfall data (2002-03) collected from Ministry of Public Health were utilised for transformation of the infection and the rainfall data were derived from Royal Irrigation Department, Thailand. The correlation between the rainfall and the prevalence of dengue was assessed by regression analysis. RESULTS The least square equation plot prevalence (y) versus rainfall (x) is y = 3.0x + 4.6 (r = 0.78, p < 0.05) (r = 0.68, p < 0.05). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION The study indicated that the prevalence of dengue infection in Thailand may depend on rainfall. Therefore, the surveillance and control of mosquito should be intensified during the period with high rainfall is recommended. However, the other confounding factors like ambient temperature and humidity which also determine the transmission of dengue should be looked into, before concluding that the increased prevalence is a result of rainfall alone. Further, similar studies to assess the correlation between the rainfall and prevalence of infection in the other countries are required to confirm these observations.
An Improved Cascade-Based Noise Deembedding Method for On-Wafer Noise Parameter Measurements

In this letter, a noise deembedding method is presented to improve accuracy of on-wafer noise measurements of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. This method further removes parasitic effects of the forward coupling and the dangling leg with transverse magnetic mode considered, which is different from the transverse electromagnetic mode of input/output interconnects. Compared with the conventional scalable noise deembedding methods, this modified method can remove these parasitic noise effects and then make the intrinsic parameters of a device more accurate for noise characterization. The presented method demonstrates better deembedded noise performance especially for 10.4% reduction of deembedded minimum noise figure from 1 to 18 GHz.
A H(a)rd Way to Adapt in Cardiac Hypertrophy.

Heart is a highly regulated organ with remarkable abilities to adapt in response to physiological or pathological stresses.1 Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and remodeling develop initially as compensatory steps to cope with increased hemodynamic load or loss of viable myocardium, whereas maladaptive changes contribute to transition to decompensation and overt heart failure. In the past decade, many biological processes have been uncovered to contribute to the initiation and progression of cardiac hypertrophy at molecular level, morphological level, and functional level.2–8 The complex network of stress response pathways in heart often serves as both culprits and potential therapeutic targets, and therefore uncovering these pathways has become a focus of intense investigation in the field of molecular cardiology. Article, see p 536 Protein synthesis and quality control within endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are critical to cellular homeostasis and are tightly regulated by a highly conserved ER stress response signaling network9 (Figure). The outcome of the ER stress response includes attenuated de novo protein synthesis by protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)–mediated inhibition of translation initiation,10 increased protein folding capacity via inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1)/X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp-1)/activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6)–mediated transcriptional activation of ER chaperone genes,11 such as binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), and enhanced protein degradation capacity by ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). 12 This is an integrated and elegant feedback system to ensure that the cellular ER capacity matches …
A Prospective Randomized Comparison Between the Cloward Procedure and a Carbon Fiber Cage in the Cervical Spine: A Clinical and Radiologic Study

Study Design. A prospective randomized study was conducted. Objective. To determine whether the use of a cervical carbon fiber intervertebral fusion cage improves the outcome of anterior cervical decompression and fusion, as compared with the Cloward procedure using autograft. Summary of Background Data. Despite the theoretical advantages of using intervertebral cages, including reduced donor site morbidity and prevention of graft collapse, an improved clinical outcome has not yet been documented. Methods. For this study, 103 patients were randomized to anterior cervical decompression and fusion with a carbon fiber intervertebral fusion cage (n = 52) or the Cloward procedure (n = 51). An independent observer quantified pain and functional disability. Fusion rate, segmental kyphosis, and disc height were assessed by radiographs. Results. During a mean follow-up period of 36 months (range, 24–72 months) for 89 patients (86%), the pain and disability were similar for both treatments. Postoperative donor site pain was significantly less in the carbon fiber intervertebral fusion cage group. The fusion rate was 86% in the Cloward procedure group and 62% in the carbon fiber intervertebral fusion cage group (P < 0.05). In the latter group, patients with pseudarthrosis reported more severe pain than fused patients (51 and 33 visual analog scores, respectively), but the difference was not significant. The segmental kyphosis was less and the disc height increased in the carbon fiber intervertebral fusion cage group, as compared with the Cloward procedure group. Disc height was not correlated with outcome. Segmental kyphosis showed a weak (r = −0.3) but significant (P < 0.05) correlation with improvement of the Cervical Spine Functional Score, but not with other outcome variables. Conclusions. Except for reduced donor site pain, the clinical outcome for the carbon fiber intervertebral fusion cage is the same as for the Cloward procedure. Use of the cage results in a more lordotic alignment and an increased disc height, but in a higher pseudarthrosis rate than use of the Cloward procedure.
Pulsatile shear stress leads to DNA fragmentation in human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line

1 Using an in vitro model of shear stress‐induced cell injury we demonstrate that application of shear to differentiated human SH‐SY5Y cells leads to cell death characterized by DNA fragmentation. Controlled shear stress was applied to cells via a modified cone and plate viscometer. 2 We show that pulsatile shear stress leads to DNA fragmentation, as determined via flow cytometry of fluorescein‐12‐dUTP nick‐end labelled cells, in 45 ± 4% of cells. No lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was observed immediately after injury; however, 24 h after injury significant LDH release was observed. 3 Nitric oxide production by cells subjected to pulsatile shear increased two‐ to threefold over that in unsheared control cells. 4 Inhibition of protein synthesis, nitric oxide production, Ca2+ entry into cells, and pertussis toxin‐sensitive G protein activation attenuated the shear stress‐induced cell injury. 5 Our results show for the first time that application of pulsatile shear stress to a neuron‐like cell in vitro leads to nitric oxide‐dependent cell death.
Probabilities of eventually developing and of dying of cancer: (Risk among persons previously undiagnosed with the cancer)

future lifetime of a person as he advances in age. Since these may not be the rates which will prevail at the time he does attain a given age, the probabilities should be regarded only as approximations of the actual ones. In this paper, â€œ¿ developingâ€• cancer means being diagnosed as having cancer. The probabilities presented are influenced by the capability of detecting the disease at particular times. The deaths from can cer are those in which cancer was coded as the underlying cause based on informa tion on the death certificate; the deaths in which cancer was present but not specified as the underlying cause are not included. There are sometimes discrepancies in the recording of site of cancer between the morbidity surveys and the death certifi cation. In addition, the deaths are refer able not only to the cancer cases diag nosed in the given year, but also to cases diagnosed in previous years. Thus the dif ference between those eventually develop ing and those eventually dying of cancer cannot be construed to be those â€œ¿ curedâ€• or those free of cancer at time of death, though one would anticipate that for high ly lethal cancers, the two measures would be close to one another.