Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dilution Rate on Metabolic Pathway Shift between Aceticlastic and Nonaceticlastic Methanogenesis in Chemostat Cultivation

ABSTRACT Acetate conversion pathways of methanogenic consortia in acetate-fed chemostats at dilution rates of 0.025 and 0.6 day−1 were investigated by using 13C-labeled acetates, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the CH4 and CO2 produced. Nonaceticlastic syntrophic oxidation by acetate-oxidizing syntrophs and hydrogenotrophic methanogens was suggested to occupy a primary pathway (approximately 62 to 90%) in total methanogenesis at the low dilution rate. In contrast, aceticlastic cleavage of acetate by aceticlastic methanogens was suggested to occupy a primary pathway (approximately 95 to 99%) in total methanogenesis at the high dilution rate. Phylogenetic analyses of transcripts of the methyl coenzyme M reductase gene (mcrA) confirmed that a significant number of transcripts of the genera Methanoculleus (hydrogenotrophic methanogens) and Methanosarcina (aceticlastic methanogens) were present in the chemostats at the low and high dilution rates, respectively. The mcrA transcripts of the genus Methanosaeta (aceticlastic methanogens), which dominated the population in a previous study (T. Shigematsu, Y. Tang, H. Kawaguchi, K. Ninomiya, J. Kijima, T. Kobayashi, S. Morimura, and K. Kida, J. Biosci. Bioeng. 96:547-558, 2003), were poorly detected at both dilution rates due to the limited coverage of the primers used. These results demonstrated that the dilution rate could cause a shift in the primary pathway of acetate conversion to methane in acetate-fed chemostats.
Authenticity in leadership in the cultural context of Saudi Arabia

Recent theory development in the field of leadership has focused on authentic leadership (Anderson et al., 2016). Authentic leadership is built on the concept of authenticity, which is about being real and true to oneself (Boyraz, 2014). Despite authentic leadership still being in its infancy both conceptually and empirically, a large increase in research within western cultures has emerged. However, very little is known about how it is viewed and how it works within non-western cultures (Li et al., 2014). This study addresses this significant gap and explores how Saudi leaders and followers perceive the concept of authenticity and how their perceptions of leadership are shaped by a cultural perspective. An exploratory qualitative study was undertaken using semi-structured interviews. 36 participants (18 leaders and 18 followers from 18 organisations) were interviewed within six different private sector industries in Saudi Arabia. This study takes a social constructivist view and uses an inductive design in order to give a better understanding of authenticity in leadership in a non-western culture (Gulf Cooperation Council GCC cultures), specifically within the Saudi context. This research finding conceptualise authenticity in leadership based on Islamic and Saudi perspectives, with eight distinct behaviours and practices of authenticity in leadership. It furthermore identifies the challenges and obstacles of applying authenticity in leadership within a Saudi culture. Additional findings illuminate the influence of organisational culture on authenticity in leadership and the relationship between authenticity in leadership and followership. The study yields a number of contributions. The impact of religion in general, and Islam in particular, on authenticity in leadership is a theoretical contribution to the extant body of literature concerned with authenticity in leadership. Methodologically, this study is one of few that explores authenticity qualitatively.
Nonisolated Wide Operation Range Three-Port Converters With Variable Structures

In the standalone renewable power system, three-port converters (TPCs) are widely used to interface a renewable source, a storage battery, and a load, simultaneously. In nonisolated applications, TPCs without transformers usually suffer from ports’ voltage restrictions. Such a drawback limits TPCs’ operation range because of changeable renewable source voltage and storage battery voltage. In this paper, the TPCs with variable structures are proposed. Compared with the existing available nonisolated TPCs, the proposed TPCs have the loose ports voltage restrictions because of variable structures among ports, and thus feature the wide operation range. These variable structure TPCs can also realize the needed power management requirements. What is more, these variable structure TPCs can be compact size since only one inductor is applied. In this paper, one of the variable structure TPCs is taken as an example for detail analysis. Operational modes of this TPC are designed and optimized for different power management requirements in different ports’ voltage restrictions, and control scheme is also designed. The experimental results are also given to validate the analysis.
Subtle is the Lord, but malicious He is not: the calculation of abnormal stock returns in applied research

ABSTRACT We use the expected logarithmic returns formula for the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) in conjunction with the expected logarithmic returns formula for the Feller diffusion to illustrate the nature and magnitude of errors which arise in computed abnormal returns when one applies an expected logarithmic returns formula which is incompatible with the stochastic process that generates a stock’s returns. Empirical analysis based on FTSE 100 stock price data for the five year period ending in 2017 shows that the scale of the errors in computed abnormal returns will hinge on the volatility of the returns generating process but will be particularly pronounced for relatively low stock prices. Although our principal focus is with comparing abnormal returns on the GBM and Feller diffusion, we also simulate logarithmic returns for the Uhlenbeck and Ornstein (1930) process, several interpretations of the Constant Elasticity of Variance (CEV) process and the scaled ‘t’ process of Praetz (1972) and Blattberg and Gonedes (1974). Taken in conjunction with the GBM and the Feller diffusion, these processes underpin virtually every equilibrium based asset pricing model which appears in the literature. However, computing abnormal returns for any of these processes using the expected logarithmic returns formula for the GBM inevitably leads to errors in the abnormal returns. Hence, an important principle which emerges from our analysis is that it is crucially important for researchers and others to test the compatibility of empirically observed returns with the distributional assumptions on which the empirical analysis is based if the complications arising from mis-specified modelling procedures are to be avoided.
Influence of Acute Kidney Injury Defined by the Pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage Renal Disease Score on the Clinical Course of PICU Patients

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of the pediatric-modified Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage renal disease criteria for disease course severity in patients with or without acute kidney injury admitted to a PICU. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: A 12-bed PICU at a tertiary referral center in Southern Brazil. Patients: All patients admitted to the study unit over a 1-year period. Interventions: A database of all eligible patients was analyzed retrospectively. Measurements and Main Results: Patients were classified by pediatric-modified Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage renal disease score at admission and worst pediatric-modified Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage renal disease score during PICU hospitalization. The outcomes of interest were length of PICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of vasoactive drug therapy, and mortality. The Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 was used to assess overall disease severity at the time of PICU admission. Of 375 patients, 169 (45%) presented acute kidney injury at the time of admission and 37 developed acute kidney injury during PICU stay, for a total of 206 of 375 patients (55%) diagnosed with acute kidney injury during the study period. The median Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 score predicted a mortality rate of 9% among non–acute kidney injury patients versus a mortality rate of 16% among acute kidney injury patients (p = 0.006). The mortality of patients classified as pediatric-modified Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage renal disease F was double that predicted by Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (7 vs 3.2). Patients classified as having severe acute kidney injury (pediatric-modified Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage renal disease I + F) exhibited higher mortality (14.1%; p = 0.001) and prolonged PICU length of stay (median, 7 d; p = 0.001) when compared with other patients. Acute kidney injury is a very frequent occurrence among patients admitted to PICUs. Conclusions: The degree of acute kidney injury severity, as assessed by the pediatric-modified Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage renal disease criteria, is a good predictor of morbidity and mortality in this population. Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 tends to underestimate mortality in pediatric patients with severe acute kidney injury.
Metabolic and reproductive features before and during puberty in daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

CONTEXT A significant proportion of the first-degree female relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may be at risk for developing PCOS. However, it is not known at which stage of pubertal development the hormonal and metabolic abnormalities ensue in PCOS. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the reproductive and metabolic profiles of daughters of women with PCOS (PCOSd) during the peripubertal period, a stage during which the gonadal axis is activated and PCOS may become clinically manifest. DESIGN Ninety-nine PCOSd [30 prepubertal and 69 pubertal (Tanner II-V)] and 84 daughters of control women (Cd) (20 prepubertal and 64 pubertal) were studied. An oral glucose tolerance test, a GnRH agonist test (leuprolide acetate, 10 microg/kg sc), and a transabdominal ultrasound were performed. Gonadotropins, sex steroids, SHBG, glucose, insulin, and lipids were determined. RESULTS Both groups had similar chronological ages and body mass index sd scores according to Tanner stage distribution. Ovarian volume and 2-h insulin were significantly higher in PCOSd compared to Cd at all Tanner stages. In Tanner stages IV and V, basal testosterone and poststimulated LH, testosterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were significantly higher in PCOSd compared to Cd. CONCLUSIONS Hyperinsulinemia and an increased ovarian volume are present in PCOSd before the onset of puberty and persist during pubertal development. The biochemical abnormalities of PCOS appear during late puberty. Considering the early onset and the nature of the alterations, PCOSd constitute a high-risk group for metabolic and reproductive derangements.
Differentiation to the CCR2+ Inflammatory Phenotype In Vivo Is a Constitutive, Time-Limited Property of Blood Monocytes and Is Independent of Local Inflammatory Mediators1

It is proposed that CCR2+ monocytes are specifically recruited to inflammatory sites, whereas CCR2− monocytes are recruited to normal tissue to become resident macrophages. Whether these subsets represent separate lineages, how differential trafficking is regulated and whether monocytes undergo further differentiation is uncertain. Using a mouse model of autoimmune uveoretinitis we examined monocyte trafficking to the inflamed retina in vivo. We show that bone marrow-derived CD11b+ F4/80− monocytes require 24 to 48 h within the circulation and lymphoid system before acquiring the CCR2+ phenotype and trafficking to the inflamed retina is enabled. This phenotype, and the capacity to traffic were lost by 72 h. Monocyte CCR2 expression followed a similar time course in normal mice indicating that differentiation to an inflammatory phenotype is a constitutive, time-limited property, independent of local inflammatory mediators. Phenotypic analysis of adoptively transferred cells indicated that circulating inflammatory monocytes also differentiate into CD11c+ and B220+ dendritic cells and F4/80+ tissue macrophages in vivo. Our data supports the hypothesis of continuous extravasation and progressive differentiation over time of inflammatory monocytes in the circulation rather than replication within the actively inflamed tissue, and supports the concept of myeloid dendritic cell differentiation from trafficking monocytes under physiological conditions in vivo.
Sleep bruxism and sleep-disordered breathing: a systematic review.

AIMS To carry out a systematic review to consolidate current knowledge on the potential association between sleep bruxism (SB) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). METHODS For this systematic review, articles were retained only if they reported studies using full ambulatory polysomnography as "the gold standard" reference test to determine SDB and the international diagnostic criteria proposed by the American Association of Sleep Medicine to determine SB. Detailed individual search strategies from MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases were developed. The references cited in the selected articles were also checked, and a partial literature search was undertaken. The selection was completed independently by two reviewers in two phases. The methodology of selected studies was evaluated using the seven-item quality-assessment tool for experimental bruxism studies. RESULTS During the initial search, 333 different citations were identified across the six electronic databases. After a comprehensive evaluation of the abstracts, and the full papers when considered necessary, only one study was finally selected for the qualitative/quantitative synthesis. This study did not support the putative association between SB and SDB, since SB was not observed during or in temporal conjunction with snoring or apneic events in any of the evaluated patients. In addition, masseter activity was not observed during apneic episodes. CONCLUSION There is not sufficient scientific evidence either to confirm or discredit the association between SB and SDB.
The relationship of safety climate and psychological well-being with Indonesian civil pilots’ safety behavior

Safety behavior is very important in reducing occurrence of aviation accidents. The relationship of safety climate and psychological well-being with Indonesian civil pilots’ safety behavior. This was a cross-sectional study using the consecutive sampling technique that queried on safety climate, psychological well-being and safety behavior. Data were analyzed with multiple linear regression. Both alone and together, safety climate (ß = 0.646) and psychological well-being (ß = 0.231; p = 0.044) were positively and significantly related to safety behavior. Safety climate and psychological well-being simultaneously had a positive and significant impact on the Indonesian civil pilots’ safety behavior, with R2 = 0.742 and p-value ≤ 0.001. Even so, the safety climate had a more dominant impact on the safety behavior than the psychological well-being.
Future Trends in Leadership Development Practices and the Crucial Leadership Skills

Leadership, in today's rapidly changing and unstable business environment, becomes critically important. However, leadership development practices have not proven adequate to meet the challenges of the new era. The present cross-cultural research aims to examine the crucial leadership skills for the 21st-century leaders, especially in times of crisis, and identify similarities and differences between five European countries (Greece, Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, and Cyprus) and the U.S. In addition, the role of a leader in the 21st century and the leadership development methods needed for future leaders were investigated. The sample consisted of 65 leadership experts. The results revealed some similarities, but, also, specific differences between the five European countries and the U.S. in the essential leadership skills and the ones needed in times of crisis. A gap was also identified between the required and the observed leadership skills in the workplace in both European countries, and the U.S., implying the need for a paradigm shift in leadership development methods to prepare future leaders capable of navigating in an uncertain and complex world.
Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: Its diverse clinical features – A literature review with a case report

To characterise congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), with special emphasis on polyhydramnios and the neonatal prognosis, we summarise 31 CMN patients (30 reported patients and the present patient). CMN was detected at a median of 30 weeks’ gestation, and infants were delivered at a median of 34 weeks’ gestation. Of 27 patients with available data, 19 (70%) had polyhydramnios, of which 8 required amnio- drainage. Women with amnio-drainage gave birth significantly earlier (30.4 weeks’ gestation) than those without polyhydramnios (36.7 weeks’ gestation). Thus, CMN was frequently associated with polyhydramnios and this polyhydramnios was associated with a significant increase in the risk of preterm birth. Of 20 patients with available data, the affected-side kidney was ‘compressed’ in 16 and ‘replaced’ in 4: polyhydramnios was present in a half vs 100%, respectively, suggesting that a ‘replaced’ kidney may suggest a more aggressive tumour and may be associated with a poorer prognosis. Univariate analysis showed that early gestational week at diagnosis was the only feature significantly associated with poor prognosis. Thus, polyhydramnios, ‘replaced’ kidney and early gestational week at diagnosis, may indicate poor prognosis, to which obstetricians should pay attention.
Migration and gender in South Africa: Following bright lights and the fortunes of others?

Internal migration in South Africa has a strong gender dimension. Historically, the apartheid-era migrant labour system meant that predominantly black African men moved to urban areas without their families. After the abolition of influx controls in 1986, many women relocated, presumably to join their male partners. The period of migration feminization was also coupled with labour market feminization. However, existing research shows that increased female labour supply was poorly matched by labour market absorption, leading to rising unemployment among black African women. This paper studies incentives for female migration in this context, by building a gravity model of male and female inter-municipal migration. We find that neither men nor women move primarily for family reasons. Instead, they follow the traditional male migrant route to well-lit economic centres. Women also do not migrate primarily for increases in their own labour market opportunities, but tend to flock to regions where other fortunate groups have higher earnings potential. While this might signal that migrants base relocation decisions on incorrect information (and could in turn explain why many migrants have unfulfilled expectations), our results also show that women not only move for work, but for public services. The implications are twofold if migration is to alleviate poverty in the long run: firstly, in the short run, management of public resources must improve, as poor (women) place large emphasis on their effect; and secondly, labour market barriers – especially into the informal sector – should be better understood.
Becoming a Good Welfare Manager: Paternalistic Oppressive Othering and Neoliberal Boundary Maintenance

ABSTRACT Using data from telephone interviews with 69 county welfare-to-work program managers in Ohio, we examine how individuals rely on paternalism and neoliberal ideology to construct themselves as “good workers” through two processes of identity work: oppressive othering and boundary maintenance. Program managers construct themselves as good workers through a process we call “paternalistic oppressive othering” in which managers draw on the dominant oppressive ideology of paternalism to present themselves as helpful. We also find managers draw on neoliberal ideology to legitimate the program and their work through a process we call “neoliberal boundary maintenance. ”
Essays in international trade and energy

Dans le chapitre 1, j’examine les resultats des fusions entre producteurs europeens d’energie en termes d’efﬁcacite. Je calcule l’eco-efﬁcacite en utilisant l’analyse de l’enveloppement des donnees et l’indice de productivite Malmquist-Luenberger. Je trouve que les fusions horizontales nationales, qui sont soigneusement reglementees, n’ont pas d’impact. Les fusions horizontales transfrontalieres nuisent a l’eco-efﬁcacite a court terme mais la stimulent deux ans apres l’achevement. Les fusions verticales nuisent a l’eco-efficacite. Je presente des suggestions de politiques concernant la reglementation des fusions. Le chapitre 2 est un travail conjoint avec Julian Hinz. Nous enquetons sur les effets de l’embargo russe auto-impose sur les importations de produits alimentaires en provenance des pays occidentaux. Nous construisons un modele ricardien avec des liens sectoriels, des echanges de biens intermediaires et une heterogeneite sectorielle dans la production. L’etalonnage du modele avec des donnees reelles permet de simuler les resultats de l’embargo en termes de changements de bien-etre et de prix. Nous quantifions en outre l’impact sur les prix a la consommation en Russie a l’aide de la methode des doubles differences. Le chapitre 3 est base sur un article co-ecrit avec Cristina Herghelegiu. Nous enquetons sur l’utilisation des conditions commerciales internationales (Incoterms). Ce sont les schemas predefinis de la repartition des couts et des risques entre les acheteurs et les vendeurs. Nous nous appuyons sur un ensemble de donnees tres detaillees sur les exportations russes durant la periode 2012-2015. Nous constatons que les grandes entreprises sont plus susceptibles d’assumer des responsabilites. Les gros acheteurs assument plus de responsabilites, quelle que soit la taille du vendeur, alors que les gros vendeurs le font uniquement lorsque leur partenaire est petit. C’est plus probable que les risques et les couts sont sur les acheteurs dans les transactions de biens intermediaires et de biens d’equipement.
Improving Injection Accuracy of the Elbow, Knee, and Shoulder

Background: Joint injections and aspirations are used to reduce joint pain and decrease inflammation. The efficacy of these injections is diminished when they are placed inadvertently in the wrong location or compartment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of varying sites or imaging techniques affects the rate of accurate needle placement in aspiration and injection in the shoulder, elbow, and knee. Hypotheses: (1) Accuracy rates of different joint injection sites will demonstrate variability. (2) Injection accuracy rates will be improved when performed with concomitant imaging. Study Design: Systematic review of the literature. Methods: Studies reporting injection accuracy based on image verification were identified through a systematic search of the English literature. Accuracy rates were compared for currently accepted injection sites in the shoulder, elbow, and knee. In addition, accuracy rates with and without imaging of these joints were compared. Results: In the glenohumeral joint, there is a statistically higher accuracy rate with the posterior approach when compared with the anterior approach (85% vs 45%). Injection site selection did not affect accuracy for the subacromial space, acromioclavicular joint, elbow, or knee. The use of imaging improved injection accuracy in the glenohumeral joint (95% vs 79%), subacromial space (100% vs 63%), acromioclavicular joint (100% vs 45%), and knee (99% vs 79%). Conclusion: Injection accuracy rates are significantly higher for the posterior approach compared with the anterior approach for the glenohumeral joint. Similarly, the accuracy rates are also higher when imaging is used in conjunction with injection of the glenohumeral joint, subacromial space, acromioclavicular joint, and knee.