Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perils of the Princess: Gender and Genre in Video Games

Once upon a time (in 1972), computer programmers created Pong, a table tennis game, often found "inside" of tables in bars and restaurants. After Pong came Pac-Man. A number of other games followed. Soon the games were sold as cartridges that plugged into game consoles hooked up to computer monitors, most of which worked on a system invented by Atari. But home computer graphics did not compare with the developing arcade game market. The video arcade became the perfect environment for the postmodern adolescent. It was a place where the loud noises, flashing colors and rapid "anything can happen now" actions of the screen world mirrored the one in which the games were located. In these ways, the games were similar to pinball. Nevertheless, by 1985, sales were waning and the video game craze seemed to be just another passing fad.
Image quality in pseudophakic eyes with two different types of intraocular lenses ranging in the degree of high myopia.

The image quality of pseudophakic eyes with intraocular lenses in high myopia was studied by applying geometric and wave optics. Two types of intraocular lenses (IOL) were compared—one that was meniscus shaped and the other either planoconcave or planoconvex [bending factor (X)511]. A geometric study of image quality was used to analyze the transverse spherical aberration (TA) and the chromatic aberration (chromatic difference of the blur circles, CDBC). The loss of image quality and visual acuity increases as the TA and CDBC increase. The polychromatic modulation transfer function (MTF) was obtained using the point-spread function (PSF), taking into account spherical aberration and defocus coefficients. Finally, for chromatic and spherical aberrations and polychromatic MTF, the type of IOL that would best improve image quality for a given patient can be established.
A generic approach to the evolution of interaction in ubiquitous systems

This dissertation addresses the challenge of the configuration of modern (ubiquitous, context-sensitive, mobile et al.) interactive systems where it is difficult or impossible to predict (i) the resources available for evolution, (ii) the criteria for judging the success of the evolution, and (iii) the degree to which human judgements must be involved in the evaluation process used to determine the configuration. In this thesis a conceptual model of interactive system configuration over time (known as interaction evolution) is presented which relies upon the follow steps; (i) identification of opportunities for change in a system, (ii) reflection on the available configuration alternatives, (iii) decision-making and (iv) implementation, and finally iteration of the process. This conceptual model underpins the development of a dynamic evolution environment based on a notion of configuration evaluation functions (hereafter referred to as evaluation functions) that provides greater flexibility than current solutions and, when supported by appropriate tools, can provide a richer set of evaluation techniques and features that are difficult or impossible to implement in current systems. Specifically this approach has support for changes to the approach, style or mode of use used for configuration - these features may result in more effective systems, less effort involved to configure them and a greater degree of control may be offered to the user. The contributions of this work include; (i) establishing the the need for configuration evolution through a literature review and a motivating case study experiment, (ii) development of a conceptual process model supporting interaction evolution, (iii) development of a model based on the notion of evaluation functions which is shown to support a wide range of interaction configuration approaches, (iv) a characterisation of the configuration evaluation space, followed by (v) an implementation of these ideas used in (vi) a series of longitudinal technology probes and investigations into the approaches.
Prevalence of Agglutinating Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Adult and Fetal Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) From Nebraska

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite of mammals and birds. Herbivores acquire postnatal infection by ingesting oocysts from contaminated food or water. Toxoplasma gondii infection is common in white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, but little is known about the prevalence of infection in mule deer, O. hemionus. We examined sera from 89 mule deer from Nebraska for agglutinating antibodies to T. gondii using the modified direct agglutination test (MAT) with formalin-fixed tachyzoites as antigen. Thirty-one (35%) of the samples were positive at dilutions of ≥1:25. Samples were examined from 29 fetuses from these mule deer and none were positive in the MAT. Sera from 14 white-tailed deer from Nebraska were also examined and 6 (43%) were positive for T. gondii. Samples were examined from 5 fetuses from these white-tailed deer and none was positive in the MAT. Our results in both deer species from Nebraska are similar to studies conducted in white-tailed deer from other regions of the United States. Our findings indicate that mule deer are frequently infected with T. gondii and that mule-deer meat may be a source of human infection.
Meta-Analysis of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene (BDNF) Val66Met Polymorphism in Anxiety Disorders and Anxiety-Related Personality Traits

Objective: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of anxiety. We carried out meta-analyses to evaluate the relationship between the BDNF Val66Met (valine, methionine) polymorphism and anxiety disorders (AD) or anxiety-related personality traits (ARPT). Methods: Medline, Embase and PsycINFO were searched up to December 2007. We investigated 3 outcomes related to BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms: (1) clinically diagnosed cases of AD; (2) ARPT in subjects without psychiatric diagnoses, assessed either by the Neuroticism scale of NEO-Personality Inventory forms (NEO-PI, NEO-PI-R, NEO-FFI), or by (3) the Harm Avoidance (HA) scale of Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) or its extended version Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results: Seven case-control studies were selected for AD, including 1,092 cases and 8,394 controls, while 5 cross-sectional studies for Neuroticism (n = 1,633) and 4 for HA (n = 607). Both Met/Met and Val/Met individuals, as compared to Val/Val, showed a statistically significant lower Neuroticism score [SMD = –0.24 (95% CI: –0.44, –0.04), and –0.11 (95% CI: –0.22, –0.01), respectively]. No significant association was found between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and AD [OR = 1.13 (95% CI: 0.85–1.52) for Met/Met versus Val/Val] or HA [SMD = 0.11 (95% CI: –0.19, 0.42) for Met/Met vs. Val/Val]. Conclusions: The low number of studies on this topic and their limited sample size, along with the inner limits in the definition of anxiety phenotypes, suggest caution in the interpretation of these results. Larger additional studies possibly investigating the interaction with other genes and environmental exposures are required to confirm these results.
Iowa State University Animal Industry Report 2011 Potential of Chemically Treated Corn Stover and Modified Distiller Grains as a Partial Replacement for Corn Grain in Feedlot Diets

and Implications Because treatment with calcium oxide (CaO) will increase the digestibility of corn stover, CaO-treated corn stover may be a cost-effective alternative to a portion of corn grain in beef feedlot diets. Single-pass harvested corn stover was ensiled either untreated or treated with 5% CaO on a dry matter (DM) basis. Ground baled stover, untreated stover silage, or CaO-treated stover silage were fed at 20% of the diet DM with modified distillers grains with solubles and corn grain at 40 and 35% of the DM and fed either during the growing phase or both the growing and finishing phases in comparison to a control diet containing baled stover, modified distillers grains with solubles, and corn grain at 5, 20, and 70% of the diet DM. The DM digestibilities of diets fed to sheep that contained the baled stover, untreated stover silage, and CaO-treated stover silage diets were 75.9, 75.5, and 83.2%, respectively. In the beef feeding trial, 210 steers (30 per treatment; mean weight 648 lb) were either fed the control diet to finish or fed the baled stover, untreated stover silage, CaO-treated stover silage diets for either the growing phase to 1,000 lb or to finish. Daily gains of steers fed the control treatment or the CaOtreated stover silage diet were greater than steers fed the CaO-treated stover silage diet during the growing phase or untreated stover silage diet to finish which were greater than steers fed the baled stover silage diets to finish or the untreated stover silage during the growing season. Steers fed the CaO-treated stover silage diet to finish had a lower feed-to-gain ratio than any other treatment. Steers fed the control treatment had a higher marbling score than those fed diets containing any of the corn stover treatments. Calcium oxide treated stover is a cost-effective replacement for a portion of the corn in feedlot diets.
Sex difference in neural tube defects in p53‐null mice is caused by differences in the complement of X not Y genes

To shed light on the biological origins of sex differences in neural tube defects (NTDs), we examined Trp53‐null C57BL/6 mouse embryos and neonates at 10.5 and 18.5 days post coitus (dpc) and at birth. We confirmed that female embryos show more NTDs than males. We also examined mice in which the testis‐determining gene Sry is deleted from the Y chromosome but inserted onto an autosome as a transgene, producing XX and XY gonadal females and XX and XY gonadal males. At birth, Trp53 nullizygous mice were predominantly XY rather than XX, irrespective of gonadal type, showing that the sex difference in the lethal effect of Trp53 nullizygosity by postnatal day 1 is caused by differences in sex chromosome complement. At 10.5 dpc, the incidence of NTDs in Trp53‐null progeny of XY* mice, among which the number of the X chromosomes varies independently of the presence or absence of a Y chromosome, was higher in mice with two copies of the X chromosome than in mice with a single copy. The presence of a Y chromosome had no protective effect, suggesting that sex differences in NTDs are caused by sex differences in the number of X chromosomes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Increased emergency department use by adolescents and young adults with eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE This study describes patterns of emergency department (ED) utilization by patients who screen positive for eating disorders. METHOD ED patients aged 14-20 years (n = 1,920) completed a computerized questionnaire. The analyses compared the rates of ED use between patients who screened positive for an eating disorder and those who did not and examined the reasons for ED use amongst patients with eating disorders. RESULTS ED patients who screened positive for eating disorders were significantly more likely to have previously visited the ED and, on average, utilized the ED at a rate 1.6 times higher than patients who screen negative for eating disorders. The most common chief complaints among patients who screen positive for eating disorders were abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal-related problems. DISCUSSION Patients with eating disorders utilize the ED more frequently than those without and commonly present for complaints seemingly unrelated to their eating disorder.
God's crucible : Islam and the making of Europe, 570 to 1215

Hailed by critics as an essential book, God's Crucible is a bold, new interpretation of Islamic Spain and the birth of Europe from one of our greatest historians. David Levering Lewis's narrative, filled with accounts of some of the greatest battles in world history, reveals how cosmopolitan, Muslim al-Andalus flourished-a beacon of cooperation and tolerance-while proto-Europe floundered in opposition.At the beginning of the eighth century, the Arabs brought a momentous revolution in power, religion, and culture to Dark Ages Europe. David Levering Lewis's masterful history begins with the fall of the Persian and Roman empires, followed by the rise of the prophet Muhammad and the creation of Muslim Spain. Five centuries of engagement between the Muslim imperium and an emerging Europe followed, from the Muslim conquest of Visigoth Hispania in 711 to Latin Christendom's declaration of unconditional warfare on the Caliphate in 1215. Lewis's narrative, filled with accounts of some of the greatest battles in world history, reveals how cosmopolitan, Muslim al-Andalus flourished-a beacon of cooperation and tolerance between Islam, Judaism, and Christianity-while proto-Europe, defining itself in opposition to Islam, made virtues out of hereditary aristocracy, religious intolerance, perpetual war, and slavery. A cautionary tale, God's Crucible provides a new interpretation of world-altering events whose influence remains as current as today's headlines.
Lock, stock and two smoking hooligans: low sport journalism and hit‐and‐tell literature

In a period where there is a relative dearth of criminological, sociological or cultural accounts of football hooligan subcultures, ‘low culture’ amateur journalistic accounts have proliferated. They are now extensive in number and collected together form a library of hooligan stories in the fashionable, confessional form of sports fan memoir which is termed here ‘low sport journalism’. They are distinct from, but related to, the football and youth culture fiction of writers like John King and Irvine Welsh which is adjacent to what I call ‘hit‐and‐tell’ literature. This article draws on some aspects of a continuing research project looking at the connection between deviant football hooligan literature and the history of football hooligan subcultures in Britain. Part of the ongoing research work is archival, involving a comprehensive collection and reading of 20 years of football hooligan gang memoirs. The earliest dates from 1987 and the latest was published in December 2007. The article documents the building and application of the archive, and signposts some possible routes to producing more satisfactory research into heavily male‐dominated hooligan subcultures.
Motivations of application developers: Innovation, business model choice, release policy, and success

ABSTRACT This study provides insights into the success of smartphone applications (apps) based on the chosen business model and version release strategy, and relates these variables to the motivations of their third-party innovators in the smartphone operating system market. The analysis is based on a questionnaire focusing on motivational factors and demographics of developers, coupled with secondary data on the apps themselves and their success. We find that apps developed due to the personal needs of the developer for new functionalities result in higher success in terms of number of downloads, whereas many of the intrinsic motivations outlined in user innovation theory do not have a significant impact on app success. Our findings imply that while some insights from user innovation theory are applicable to understanding factors that contribute to the potential success of apps, the smartphone application software ecosystem has its own dynamics, including the absence of learning effects over several apps that require further focus and more in-depth research.
Optimization-Based Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Data Collection in Large-Scale Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Data collection is a fundamental operation in various mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSN) applications. The energy of nodes around the Sink can be untimely depleted owing to the fact that sensor nodes must transmit vast amounts of data, readily forming a bottleneck in energy consumption; mobile wireless sensor networks have been designed to address this issue. In this study, we focused on a large-scale and intensive MWSN which allows a certain amount of data latency by investigating mobile Sink balance from three aspects: data collection maximization, mobile path length minimization, and network reliability optimization. We also derived a corresponding formula to represent the MWSN and proved that it represents an NP-hard problem. Traditional data collection methods only focus on increasing the amount data collection or reducing the overall network energy consumption, which is why we designed the proposed heuristic algorithm to jointly consider cluster head selection, the routing path from ordinary nodes to the cluster head node, and mobile Sink path planning optimization. The proposed data collection algorithm for mobile Sinks is, in effect, based on artificial bee colony. Simulation results show that, in comparison with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce data transmission, save energy, improve network data collection efficiency and reliability, and extend the network lifetime.
Potential contribution of leisure activity to the energy expenditure patterns of sedentary populations

Total daily energy expenditure (TEE) by the doubly-labelled (2H218O) water method and basal metabolic rate (BMR) by indirect calorimetry were measured in thirty-two healthy free-living adults in Northern Ireland. Habitual physical activity patterns in occupational and discretionary activities were assessed by interview questionnaire. Expressed as a multiple of BMR the TEE values for the sixteen males (1.88 (sd 0.28), range 1.44–2.57) and sixteen females (1.77 (sd 0.16), range 1.50–2.06) were compatible with current Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS; 1979) and Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU; 1985) estimates of energy requirements. The results suggest that discretionary physical activity is now emerging as an equally important determinant of energy expenditure in the UK as the occupational classifications currently used as the basis of DHSS (1979) and FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) recommendations for energy requirements. Therefore, realistically achievable inputs of recreational exercise can have a significant impact in counteracting low levels of energy expenditure which are associated with modern lifestyles and are implicated as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and obesity.
Evaluation of an Internet delivered pediatric diagnosis support system (ISABEL) in a tertiary care center in India.

BACKGROUND Young graduates manning the emergency rooms in public hospitals often need guidance in diagnosing critically ill patients due to their limited clinical experience. Textbooks, manuals and several websites are of limited assistance, as they do not generate patient-specific advice. ISABEL diagnostic tool, an Internet-delivered pediatric diagnosis support system that provides such information has not been evaluated in developing countries. AIM To study the sensitivity of the ISABEL diagnostic tool. MATERIAL AND METHOD Records of patients admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit in a metropolitan hospital in India during January 2000-July 2002 were retrieved. Resident medical officers wrote key clinical and laboratory findings on the basis of admission notes and results of investigations carried out within 30 min of admission. The list of diagnoses generated by the diagnostic tool at the ISABEL site after submission of these terms was entered in a performa. The presence of final diagnosis in the list generated by the ISABEL was the outcome measure studied. RESULTS Records of 200 subjects (boys 111, girls 89, aged 28 days-12 years) were analyzed. Congenital heart disease, respiratory tract infections, meningitis, tetanus and septicemia were the most frequently encountered diagnoses. The diagnostic tool missed 27 diagnoses (such as septicemia, tuberculosis and seizures) in 39 subjects providing a sensitivity of 80.5%. CONCLUSION Even without any training offered to the users, ISABEL provided a reasonable sensitivity of 80.5%. The tool holds promise of being useful in the developing countries.
The Yield of Preoperative Sequential Routine Scalp EEGs in Patients Who Underwent Anterior Temporal Lobectomy for Mesial Temporal Sclerosis

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy syndrome (MTLES) is the most common surgically remediable epileptic syndrome in adults. Its diagnosis is easy when clinical history is supported by positive laboratory findings. However, routine EEG may not be informative in some patients, thus delaying accurate diagnosis. Therefore, we sought to determine how often routine EEGs displayed epileptiform discharges pre-operatively in a group of patients who underwent surgery for MTLES. Retrospectively, we reviewed the outpatient EEG records of MTLES patients who underwent surgery at our epilepsy center between 1997–2008 and had at least one routine pre-operative EEG recording in our outpatient laboratory. For each patient, serial EEGs were coded as normal, displaying nonspecific abnormalities or lateralized and localized interictal epileptiform discharges. Seventy patients were included in the study. We reviewed 230 EEGs. In almost half of the patients (47.1%) all EEGs were normal or revealed nonspecific findings. In patients who had >1 EEG, almost 3 EEGs had to be recorded to detect the epileptiform discharges for the first time and 6.23 years were needed to accomplish this. Sleep deprivation considerably increased the yield. In summary, patients who have a clinical history suggesting MTLES may need at least 3 routine scalp EEG recordings (with at least one of them after sleep deprivation) to detect epileptiform abnormalities and it may take much time. Therefore, a single prolonged outpatient video-EEG monitoring or an overnight inpatient monitoring might be reasonable alternatives to serial EEGs.
Vibration White Finger: Implications for Occupational Health Nurses

Although there have been at least 550 international publications concerning the association of Vibration White Finger disease (VWF or vibration syndrome) and hand-held vibration tools, very little has been written until more recently about this disease in the United States (Taylor, 1974). Part of the tendency to deny its existence was due to the results of an early 1960 study, which concluded that the vibration syndrome is an uncommon occupational disease approaching extinction in this country (Pecora, Udel & Christman, 1960). This finding wasfound to be inconsistent with researchers from many other countries (Ashe, Code & Old, 1962; Brubaker, 1983; Pyykko, 1974; Taylor, 1982), and most recently these investigators involved with the 1980 National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH) epidemiological studies in U.S. workers (Taylor, 1981; Wasserman, 1982). What was once considered a trivial complaint by many health professionals is now gaining national recognition as one of the most highly under-reported diseases in the United States. NIOSH has estimated that as many as 1.2 million workers who are exposed to hand-vibratory tools face the potential risk of developing VWF (Altman, 1976; NIOSH, 1983; Wasserman, 1974).