Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the Participation of Kynurenine as a Normal Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of Niacin in Neurospora.

Investigations on the mechanism of the biological synthesis of niacin have implicated tryptophan and 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid as niacin precursors in both Neurospora" 2 and the rat.3' 4 3-Hydroxy-anthranilic acid has been shown to serve as a normal intermediate in niacin synthesis in Neurospora,' and a mechanism for the conversion of this compound to niacin has been suggested.6 It was not until recently, however, that conclusive proof was obtained that tryptophan normally serves as a major precursor of niacin in Neurospora.7 As yet no clear proof of the identity of the intermediates between tryptophan and 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid has been obtained. Kynurenine and 3-hydroxy-kynurenine have been proposed as intermediates in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in Neurospora.2 Kynurenine has been tested for its ability to support the growth of rats maintained on a niacin deficient diet and found inactive.8 However, recent evidence presented by Heidelberger9 and by Kallio'0 suggests that kynurenine may play a role in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin by the rat. In the Neurospora investigations evidence substantiating the proposal that kynurenine and 3-hydroxy-kynurenine function as natural precursors of niacin has not yet been presented. Although both of these substances have been tested and found highly active in supporting the growth of certain niacinless strains," 11 proof of their actual participation in niacin synthesis is still lacking. This lack of evidence is primarily due to the fact that mutant strains capable of utilizing 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid and niacin but incapable of using tryptophan have not been studied. Mutants of this class might accumulate one or more of the intermediates between tryptophan and 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid, and accumulation of either kynurenine or 3-hydroxy-kynurenine would constitute direct proof of the participation of these compounds in the biosynthesis of niacin in Neurospora. A mutant strain has been obtained6 which can use 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, cannot use tryptophan and does accumulate a kynureninelike compound. The present paper deals with the isolation and identification of this substance and the significance of this accumulation. Experimental. -The basal medium used throughout is the customary Neurospora minimal.12 Cultures were grown 72 hours at 25°C. in 125-ml. Erlenmeyer flasks containing 20 or 40 ml. of medium for growth tests. At the end of the period of incubation the mycelial pads were removed, 167
Protection against advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress during the development of diabetic keratopathy by KIOM‐79

Objectives KIOM‐79 is a mixture of 80% ethanol extracts of parched Puerariae radix, gingered Magnoliae cortex, Glycyrrhizae radix and Euphorbiae radix. The preventive effect of KIOM‐79 on the development of diabetic keratopathy has been investigated.
Genetic linkage analysis using DNA markers in sweetpotato

Sweetpotato is one of the most important food crop species in the world, with more than 104,000,000 tons produced each year, and the breeding of superior cultivars with agronomically important traits, such as improved disease resistance, yield, and nutrient richness, is necessary, especially in developing countries. However, as a result of the crop’s complex genomic architecture, which results from its hexaploidy (2n = 6× = 90), high heterozygosity, huge genome, and outcrossing nature, the analysis of genetic linkage in sweetpotato has been challenging. In addition, the lack of whole genome sequences or gene annotations for cultivated hexaploids has interrupted the validation of mapped QTL regions and gene cloning. In spite of these technical difficulties, linkage map construction and QTL mapping analysis have been reported. This review summarizes the results of these linkage analyses, which used SSR, AFLP, and retrotransposon-based molecular markers, and describes future directions for the genetic analysis and marker-assisted breeding of this important but genetically complex crop species.
Decreased Migration of Langerhans Precursor-Like Cells in Response to Human Keratinocytes Expressing HPV-16 E6/E7 is Related to Reduced Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3Alpha Production

Abstract : Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types, particularly type 16 and 18, contributes to 90% of cervical cancer cases. HPV infects cutaneous or mucosal epithelium, tissue that is monitored for microbial infection or damage by Langerhans cells. In lesions produced by HPV type 16, there is a reduction in immune cells, especially Langerhans cells. Langerhans precursor cells selectively express CCR6, the receptor for macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha (MI-P3alpha), and function as potent immune responders to inflamed epithelium and initiators of the innate immune response. It has been reported that E6 and E7 of high-risk HPVs interfere with immune mediators in order to suppress the recruitment of immune cells and antiviral activities of infected cells. Here we show that HPV-16 E6 and E7 inhibit MIP-3alpha transcription resulting in suppression of the migration of immature Langerhans precursor cells. Interestingly, the E6 and E7 proteins from the low-risk HPV types also inhibited MI-P3alpha transcription. These results suggest that one mechanism by which HPV-infected cells suppress the immune response may be through the inhibition of a vital alert signal, thus, contributing to the persistence of HPV infection.
IMPROVED EARLY ALIMENTATION AFTER RADICAL HYSTERECTOMIES WITHOUT THE TRADITIONAL USE OF STOMACH TUBE

Abstract. Energy and protein intake was studied for 12 days after radical hysterectomy in 16 patients, half of whom followed a traditional postoperative regimen (il including a stomach tube until air‐passage had taken place after which liquid food, protective food and full diet was gradually introduced. In the new regimen (ii) the stomach tube was not used, liquid alimentation was given from the first postoperative day and full diet as soon as the patient desired it. This early start of oral alimentation was well tolerated, without side effects. Compared with the conventional regimen, it resulted both in a higher average protein intake (i: 31 g proteinlday, ii: 46 g proteinlday, p>0.02) and in a higher energy intake (i: 3624 kJ/day, ii: 4956 kJ/day, p>0.01).
The Innovation Process in Emerging Economies

The authors investigate the impact of two contrasting logics, effectuation and causation, on the innovation process in emerging economies (EEs). Effectuation theory, which emphasizes responses to uncertainty, is integrated with the innovation process literature, which emphasizes resource constraints. In particular, the authors show that in EEs the flexibility dimension of effectuation is underemphasized, while its pre-commitment dimension is overemphasized. The combination of effectuation and causation mechanisms is influenced by the industry context, as well as by the type, degree and timing of resource constraints. Employing longitudinal data from six innovation process cases across one industry (financial services) and four EEs (Botswana, Ethiopia, Ghana and South Africa), the authors employ a process approach using real-world data to support their propositions.
Measurable outcomes of quality improvement using a daily quality rounds checklist: Two-year prospective analysis of sustainability in a surgical intensive care unit

BACKGROUND The use of a “quality rounds checklist” (QRC) is an effective tool for improving compliance with evidence-based preventative measures and outcomes in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Our aim was to evaluate the long-term sustainability and outcome impact of this quality improvement strategy. METHODS Prospective observational study evaluates the use of the QRC in the SICU from July 2009 to June 2011. Daily compliance with evidence-based prophylactic measures was assessed using the QRC and reviewed monthly at a multidisciplinary meeting. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate patterns of compliance over time. Current compliance was compared with previously reported rates, and the impact on outcomes including catheter-related blood stream infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia rates was examined. RESULTS Over 2 years, 2,472 patients were admitted to the SICU. Mean (SD) age was 42.2 (22.4) years, 79% were male, and 35% had an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of greater than 15. The rate of compliance with head-of-bed elevation significantly improved during the study period (p = 0.01 for trend), with an overall compliance of 97%. Both deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis and gastrointestinal bleed prophylaxis compliance remained stable, with overall rates of 98% and 96%, respectively. The use of sedation holidays also remained stable, with an overall compliance rate of 94%. Compared with our previously published data, the compliance rates with preventative measures were stable or significantly improved; the incidence of catheter-related blood stream infections was lower (0.85/1,000 vs. 4.98/1,000 catheter days, p < 0.001); and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia downtrended (1.66/1,000 vs. 8.74/1,000 ventilator days, p = 0.07). CONCLUSION Two years after implementation of a QRC, sustainable high rates of compliance with clinically relevant preventative measures in a SICU was demonstrated with minimal fading of clinically relevant outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level IV.
Internet Infidelity 10 Years On

The rapid development of Internet and social networking services in the last decade have augmented the possibilities to engage in activities online that can be classified as infidelity and introduced new challenges into the practice of couple and sex therapists. Building on Hertlein and Piercy’s literature review, this article provides a critical review of the literature on Internet infidelity published in the last 10 years. The aim with the review is to present the current state of knowledge in this field compared to the situation in 2006. The review includes research articles and theoretical papers on the definition of Internet infidelity, factors contributing to it, the impact of online infidelity on couples and families, and treatment models and issues. A discussion of implications for both future research and therapeutic practice is presented at the end of the article.
A Comprehensive Review of Postoperative Management of Descemet’s Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty

ABSTRACT Introduction: As Descemet’s Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) continues to gain in popularity, the postoperative management of DMEK surgery is becoming increasingly important, as these management strategies may affect postoperative success rates. Materials and Methods: This article reviews the current evidence for postoperative management in DMEK. Results: There are variable strategies in the postoperative management of DMEK as it relates to postoperative positioning, need for and timing of rebubble, tamponade agent utilized (both primarily and at rebubble), steroid agent and tapering schedule, timing of secondary regraft when required, and postoperative monitoring. Discussion: While a great deal of attention is rightly devoted to developing better surgical techniques for DMEK, we believe it is also crucial to develop a better understanding of and evidence-based best practice in the postoperative management of DMEK, as this may have important implications for outcomes.
Compliance of Social Work E-therapy Websites to the NASW Code of Ethics

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the compliance of e-therapy websites to the NASW Code of Ethics. The E-therapy Site Compliance Evaluation Form (ESCEF) was used to retrieve data from 66 e-therapy websites with social workers. This study utilized a mixed method using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A high level of compliance was found with the duty to inform and a low level of compliance was found with the duty to maintain professional boundaries. The duty to maintain confidentiality and procedures to be used in an emergency yielded mixed results, raising some concerns. Although a large percentage (59%) presented the procedures to be used in an emergency, only a third (32%) required giving information on local backups. Implications are discussed for social work practice, policy guidelines, research, and education.
A New Player in Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral and Bone Disorder: Tenascin-C

Aims Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a condition frequently observed in CKD. The search for a reliable and easy to use biomarker in the diagnosis of CKD-MBD is continuing. Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an important extracellular (ECM) protein synthesized by osteoblasts during bone growth and morphogenesis. The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between inflammation and MBD and TN-C in HD patients and to identify a new marker that can be used to help diagnose CKD-MBD. Materials and methods 136 HD patients and 22 healthy controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional, observational multicenter study. Once patients’ demographic and biochemical parameters had been recorded, peripheral blood samples were collected for TN-C measurement before the mid-week HD session. The relationship between TN-C levels and demographic and biochemical parameters was then assessed. Results TN-C levels were significantly higher in the HD patient than in the control group (P<.001). Intact parathormone (iPTH) affected TN-C levels in the HD patient group. TN-C levels was significantly higher in both the high (>300 pg/ml) and low iPTH groups (<150 pg/ml) compared to the 150–300 pg/ml iPTH group (P<.001, <.001 respectively). Conclusions This study showed, for the first time in the literature, high levels of TN-C in the low and high iPTH groups and that this elevation was associated with iPTH. We think that if our study is supported by further research, TN-C can be a biomarker capable of use in diagnosing CKD-MBD.
Tumor of the meninges

A 24-year-old woman presented with frontal headache of 3 months duration. MRI showed an extra-axial mass in the right frontal region which was hypointense on T1 weighted image (WI) and hyperintense on T2WI (Fig. 1a). Intraoperatively, the mass was extra-axial, pinkish in color and arising from the dura of crista galai. The mass was attached to the falx and showed convexity.The dura was moderately vascular. Clinical findings were those of meningioma. The mass was excised in totality. It measured 4 ¥ 2 ¥ 1 cm. Postoperative MRI showed complete removal of the tumor (Fig. 1b).
Seasonal forecasting of fire over Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract. Large-scale fires occur frequently across Indonesia, particularly in the southern region of Kalimantan and eastern Sumatra. They have considerable impacts on carbon emissions, haze production, biodiversity, health, and economic activities. In this study, we demonstrate that severe fire and haze events in Indonesia can generally be predicted months in advance using predictions of seasonal rainfall from the ECMWF System 4 coupled ocean–atmosphere model. Based on analyses of long, up-to-date series observations on burnt area, rainfall, and tree cover, we demonstrate that fire activity is negatively correlated with rainfall and is positively associated with deforestation in Indonesia. There is a contrast between the southern region of Kalimantan (high fire activity, high tree cover loss, and strong non-linear correlation between observed rainfall and fire) and the central region of Kalimantan (low fire activity, low tree cover loss, and weak, non-linear correlation between observed rainfall and fire). The ECMWF seasonal forecast provides skilled forecasts of burnt and fire-affected area with several months lead time explaining at least 70% of the variance between rainfall and burnt and fire-affected area. Results are strongly influenced by El Nino years which show a consistent positive bias. Overall, our findings point to a high potential for using a more physical-based method for predicting fires with several months lead time in the tropics rather than one based on indexes only. We argue that seasonal precipitation forecasts should be central to Indonesia's evolving fire management policy.
Overlap of Self, Ingroup, and Outgroup: Pictorial Measures of Self-Categorization

Everyday language suggests that spatial metaphors are used to describe one's relation to a group and the relation between two groups. Building on previous work in the domain of interpersonal relations, three graphical items for the overlap of self and ingroup, self and outgroup, and ingroup and outgroup are proposed. Three survey studies with different types of groups show the convergent validity of these items. Assessments of subjective interpretations of the graphical scales corroborate the correlational evidence. Finally, an experimental study confirms that the correlations between the three items are sensible indicators of self-categorization as determined by the intergroup context.
The relationship of depression to survival in chronic renal failure.

&NA; The authors examine the relationship between psychosocial factors and factors and survival of patients with chronic renal failure, while considering simultaneously the influence of parameters of physiologic functioning. Psychosocial and physiologic variables selected for discriminant analysis were extracted from data on 285 home‐dialysis patients in Ontario, Canada. This analytical procedure defined which variables best discriminated between the survivor and nonsurvivor groups. The findings suggest that demographic and psychosocial factors may be more important than physiologic variables in determination of survival on home dialysis. The severity and type of depression is of particular importance to outcome.
Provider counseling about health behaviors among cancer survivors in the United States.

PURPOSE To examine provider discussion or counseling of US cancer survivors about diet, exercise, and tobacco use. METHODS We used 2000 National Health Interview Survey data to examine whether US cancer survivors reported that, within 1 year, a provider (1) discussed diet, (2) recommended they begin or continue exercise, or (3) asked about smoking. We included survivors more than 1 year beyond diagnosis (n = 1,600) and adults without cancer (AWCs; n = 24,636) who saw/talked to a provider within 1 year. We used generalized linear contrasts in bivariable analyses and logistic regression to calculate predicted marginals adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, usual source of care, and number of provider visits in the prior year. RESULTS Few survivors reported discussions or recommendations for all three health behaviors (10% of survivors v 9% of AWCs; P = .57). Although report was more likely than among AWCs, few survivors reported diet discussions (30% of survivors v 23% of AWCs; P < .0001) or exercise recommendations (26% of survivors v 23% of AWCs; P < .005), and a minority were asked about smoking (42% of survivors v 41% of AWCs; P = .41). After adjustment, survivors were less likely to report exercise recommendations than were AWCs (22% v 24%, respectively; P = .02). Colorectal cancer survivors were less likely than were AWCs of similar age range to report exercise recommendations (16% v 27%, respectively; P < .003) or smoking discussions (31% v 41%, respectively; P < .05). Cervical cancer survivors were more likely than AWCs of similar age range to discuss smoking (58% v 43%, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSION Findings from this nationally representative sample suggest that many providers may miss opportunities to counsel survivors about healthy behaviors, perhaps particularly colorectal cancer survivors.
Web Personalization Cues and Their Differential Effects on User Assessments of Website Value

Abstract Although various kinds of personalization cues are pervasively used on websites, previous research studies have treated web personalization primarily as a coarse-grained, monolithic block (e.g., by comparing personalization vs. nonpersonalization or personalization vs. privacy) rather than as a combination of salient types of personalization cues that may create—either jointly or separately—different effects on user assessments of website value. Based on the stimulus–organism–response framework, we develop a research model that proposes users’ preference fit and perceived enjoyment as two key intervening mechanisms that carry over the differential effects of content and design personalization cues on users’ willingness to stick to a website and to pay for website offerings. In a field experiment with 206 subjects using a real-life news aggregator website, our findings provide evidence in support of different effect paths emanating from content and design personalization cues. Furthermore, we show that the effects of content personalization cues on website stickiness and users’ willingness to pay (WTP) are mediated by both preference fit and perceived enjoyment, whereas design personalization cues exert their effects on website stickiness only through perceived enjoyment. Counter to intuition, we find that a combination of content and design personalization cues is ineffective—or even counterproductive—in increasing preference fit and users’ WTP above and beyond the levels generated by content cues alone. With regard to perceived enjoyment and website stickiness, however, content and design personalization cues exhibit synergistic properties indicating that the combination of both cues are more than the sum of the individual cues alone. Recommendations are provided as to how online managers and web designers can use web personalization cues to positively influence website stickiness and to strengthen their digital business model.
Two Forms of d-Glycerate Kinase in Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli K-12 synthesizes two chromatographically distinct forms of glycerate kinase which differ both in their thermolability and in the dependence of their activity upon pH. One enzymatic form, GK I, is found in cells grown with glycerate, glucarate, or glycolate. Of these compounds, glycolate is the only carbon source that elicits the synthesis of the second enzymatic form, GK II.
Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Geminivirus (TYLCV-Is) Is Transmitted among Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) in a Sex-Related Manner

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is the name given to a complex of geminiviruses infecting tomato cultures worldwide. TYLCV is transmitted by a single insect species, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Herein we show that a TYLCV isolate from Israel (TYLCV-Is) can be transmitted among whiteflies in a sex-dependent manner, in the absence of any other source of virus. TYLCV was transmitted from viruliferous males to females and from viruliferous females to males but not among insects of the same sex. Transmission took place when insects were caged in groups or in couples, in a feeding chamber or on cotton plants, a TYLCV nonhost. The recipient insects were able to efficiently inoculate tomato test plants. Insect-to-insect virus transmission was instrumental in increasing the number of whiteflies capable of infecting tomato test plants in a whitefly population. TYLCV was present in the hemolymph of whiteflies caged with viruliferous insects of the other sex; therefore, the virus follows, at least in part, the circulative pathway associated with acquisition from infected plants. Taken as a whole, these results imply that a plant virus can be sexually transmitted from insect to insect.