Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in groundwater quality and agriculture in forty years on the Twin Falls irrigation tract in southern Idaho

Understanding long-term impacts of agricultural landscapes on shallow groundwater quality is needed to improve soil and water management in the Twin Falls irrigation tract in southern Idaho. In 1999 and 2002 through 2007, we resampled 10 of the 15 tunnel drains monitored in a late-1960s study to determine how nutrient concentrations and flow rates of outflows have changed over time in response to changes in land management or climate. Since the late 1960s, an 8-fold increase in the dairy herd has driven shifts toward increased feed cropping, which, along with improved hybrids and production, increased inorganic and manure fertilizer use. The late-1960s to early-2000s period saw a consistent 1.4-fold increase in mean tunnel-drain outflow nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations (from 3.06 to 5.06 mg L−1 [ppm]), a 10% decrease in mean chloride (Cl) (from 49.2 to 44.2 mg L−1 [ppm]), and an overall 14% decrease in dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) (14 to 12 μg L−1 [ppb]). However, 3 of the 10 tunnels exhibited increased DRP concentrations during the period, and the rate of DRP increase was positively related to increasing encroachment of confined animal feeding operations or residential development. Decreases in tunnel flow between sampling periods were linearly related to corresponding increases in the fraction of sprinkler irrigation employed on lands drained by the tunnels (p = 0.01). However, further conversion from furrow to sprinkler irrigation is unlikely to reduce tunnel drain NO3-N concentrations since the latter were unrelated to changes in sprinkler coverage. The amount and timing of applied N and availability for crop uptake or leaching should be more carefully managed in these soils to prevent continued increases in groundwater NO3-N concentrations. It is recommended that alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) rotations be followed by deep-rooted crops with large N requirements to better utilize N mineralized from killed alfalfa roots.
Resistance or resignation to welfare reform? The activist politics for and against social citizenship

Since 2008, mature welfare states have, to varying degrees, pursued a strategy of welfare reform that has reconfigured the dominant praxis of social citizenship. Drawing on qualitative data from two studies, this paper explores what bearing this has had on the political subjectivity of welfare claimants in the New Zealand context. The findings suggest welfare claimants engage in diverse political struggles for and against social citizenship to resist, reconfigure and resign themselves to the prevailing socio-political settlement. In light of this, conclusions are drawn about the insurgent politics of low-income social security claimants as political agents in the citizenship-making process.
Interest rate policy and supply-side adjustment dynamics

In contrast to the present consensus view of stabilization policy, theoretical and empirical research strongly support the consideration of supply-side adjustment to pronounced variations of factor-utilization in order to trace a more realistic pattern of macroeconomic adjustment dynamics within simulation studies. Against this background, our paper seeks to illuminate the relevance of endogenous supply-side adjustment for monetary policy research. We modify a basic New Keynesian model by explicitly considering demand-side stimulus on the evolution of productive capacity and analyze stability, impulse response, and welfare issues if the central bank follows a simple monetary policy rule. Thereby, we control for the robustness of our policy implications by various states of output gap mismeasurement the central bank might be confronted with. We find that, in contrast to a basic New Keynesian Model, output gap stabilization plays a more prominent role when potential output is endogenous.
Effectiveness of environmentally safe food additives and food supplements in an in vitro growth inhibition of significant Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium species

Žabka M. , Pavela R. (2018): Effectiveness of environmentally safe food additives and food supplements in an in vitro growth inhibition of significant Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Plant Protect. Sci., 54: 163–173. We tested 38 legislatively recognised substances such as food additives and supplements for antifungal efficacy, with the aim of providing an alternative to synthetic conventional fungicides. These compounds were tested against 9 significant pathogenic fungal species belonging to the significant genera Fusarium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus. Of these compounds, 6 are proposed as potential candidates to provide a complementary alternative to conventional fungicides. Natamycin provided extreme efficacy expressed as MIC50 (5–31 μg/ml), followed by BHA and then BHT, CaNa2EDTA, PABA, and chitosan expressed as MIC50 (0.7–1.9 mg/ml). Safety and antifungal activity were discussed in terms of the mode of action and molecular structure, as well as in terms of potential practical use and legislative requirements for the introduction into practice. We presume that food additives and food supplements are definitely a great source of antifungal compounds. In developed areas of the world (e.g. in the EU), they could represent legislatively recognised compounds, so-called basic substances.
Unintended Effects of Environmental Regulation ?

This paper examines the economic effects of carbon-dioxide regulation in the United States using stock price data. This paper looks to overcome what is considered the most significant obstacle in using such methodology to study regulation, timing when market expectations change, by taking advantage of a surprise announcement by President George W. Bush in 2001 that conveyed a sudden reversal in his position towards such regulation. Event studies on and around the day of this announcement find that industries that are highly “energy-intensive” undergo a large, negative, and significant stock price reaction, while industries that are non “energy-intensive” display no pattern and little significance in their returns. Further examination of the data indicates the existence of size effects in firm stock-price response within certain industries. These results support the capture theory of regulation.
Numerical Investigation of Flow and Combustion in a Single-Element GCH4/GOX Rocket Combustor: Aspects of Turbulence Modeling

A comparison of the numerical predictions of several groups modeling the reacting flow inside a GCH4/GOX single element rocket combustion chamber is conducted. The focus is placed on turbulence quantities and their influence on the computed mean fields. However, subject of this paper is not a pure study of turbulence model variation but it aims at showing their effect within the framework of different overall setups. These comprise differences in combustion models as well as codes used. Several RANS approaches incorporating the Boussinesq approximation for the modeling of Reynolds stresses are considered. Turbulent heat and mass transfer are modeled via turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt numbers. Characteristic tendencies of the turbulence models are observed across the different codes and combustion models. Furthermore, the relevance of turbulence modeling parameters depends on the combustion modeling approach. An influence of the code used is found as well.
COMPUTATIONAL BALLISTIC IMPACT ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT ARMORS

Lightweightness and ballistic resistance are significant parameters in the design of aircraft armors. Aircraft should not compromise the payload or its maneuverability due to the armors added to the system. In addition to this, the aircraft has to sustain high ballistic resistance under enemy fire. In the design of aircraft armors choosing light and high strength materials that respond to these demands ballistic impact resistant concepts are being developed. In this study numerical simulation of ballistic impact is carried out for the aircraft armors. The ballistic impact response of the fiber reinforced composite armor is computed using forward finite difference method. Cylindrical rigid projectile hitting the woven crimp composite fabric at an angle 90° is analyzed. The yarn segments between hinged joints at crossovers are modeled using discrete mass-spring-damper in pin-joint systems consisting of planar square lattices. After a certain time of impact; displacement of the fabric, change in the velocities and the failure in the material is computed and depicted graphically. The effect of crimp and slip viscosity on the ballistic performance of the fabric is examined and discussed.
Evaluation of corporate social responsibility performance standards

Based on a global corporate social responsibility (CSR) standards, a comparative framework have been produced in order to evaluate corporate social performance in national level. The nine CSR standards are UN Global Compact, Global Reporting Initiatives guidelines, Ethibel Sustainable Index, Dow Jones Sustainability Index, Global 100, FTSE4Good, Accountability Rating, SA8000 and World Business Council for Sustainable Development. The procedure of analysis includes weight factors that reflect the importance of each standard. In total, 98 countries out of 133 countries made available by the World Economic Forum, implement at least one CSR standard. The results of the top 20 countries are presented here. The findings show significant difference in CSR standards among the countries, which indicate the different perceptions of the companies or needs of each country. Key words: Corporate social responsibility, performance, standard.
Solution for Word Reordering English-Turkish SMT

The process of automatically translating sentences by examining a number of human-produced translation samples is called Statistical Machine Translation. To help with word alignment of statistically translated sentences between languages having significantly different word orders, word reordering is required. In this paper, we outline the characteristics of the Turkish language and its challenges for SMT. We propose to reorder translated Turkish sentences based on linguistic knowledge. For this issue, we propose using morphological analysis and syntactic rules.
The Effect of Supply Chain Management Practices on Financial Performance via Analytic Hierarchy Process

Over the past two decades, more managers have realized the strategic importance of supply chain management (SCM) and recognized the distinctive competitive advantages that a wellmanaged supply chain (SC) can bring to the organization. Then it is not surprising that SCM has attracted substantial investments across various industries. Accordingly, managers are requested not just to know whether SCM is able to make positive contributions to the firmlevel financial performance, but also to direct their SC investments for enhancing competitive advantages and optimizing financial outcomes. Therefore, managers are obliged to demonstrate the positive financial contributions of SCM and justify the relevant expenses (Shi & Yu, 2013).
Physiology and production of naturally-colored cotton under irrigation strategies using salinized water

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation management strategies, using low (0.8 dS m-1) and high (9.0 dS m-1) salinity water, on the physiological processes, production variables, and fiber productivity of naturally-colored cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes during different phenological stages. Three naturally-colored cotton cultivars (BRS Rubi, BRS Topázio, and BRS Safira) were subjected to seven irrigation management strategies, in a 3x7 factorial arrangement, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Plants were cultivated in pots in a protected environment. Gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, fiber production, and productivity and yield variables were evaluated. Salt stress causes greater reductions in gas exchange in natural cotton plants during the production stage. Plume cotton production is not compromised by the use of highly salinized water during the initial developmental stages of naturally-colored cotton.
A ug 2 01 5 On the dynamics of the Meissner effect

The question of how a metal becoming superconducting expels a magnetic field is addressed. It is argued that the conventional theory of superconductivity has not answered this question despite its obvious importance. We argue that the growth of the superconducting into the normal region and associated expulsion of magnetic field from the superconducting region can only be understood if it is accompanied by motion of charge from the superconducting into the normal region. From a microscopic point of view it is shown that the perfect diamagnetism of superconductors requires that superconducting electrons reside in orbits of spatial extent 2λL, with λL the London penetration depth. Associated with this physics, the spin-orbit interaction of the electron magnetic moment and the positively charged ionic background gives rise to a “Spin Meissner” effect, the generation of a macroscopic spin current near the surface of superconductors. We point out that both the Meissner and the Spin Meissner effect can be understood dynamically under the assumption that the superfluid condensate wavefunction Ψ(~r) does not screen itself, just like the Ψ(~r) for an electron in a hydrogen atom. We argue that the conventional theory of superconductivity cannot explain the Meissner effect because it does not contain the physical elements discussed here.
COMPETITIVE STRATEGY, MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM INFORMATION AND CUSTOMER-RELATED PERFORMANCE

This study aims to analyse how competitive strategy and managerial use of the management accounting system (MAS) information may affect customer-related performance in the hotel industry. An online survey involving 116 hotel general managers (GMs) was conducted to collect data from 3- to 5-star hotels located in Indonesia. Additionally, in-depth interviews with 19 GMs were performed in order to enhance the validity of the research findings and make the discussion of the results more informative. Based on the analysis, the results revealed that managerial use of MAS information may enhance customer-related performance in the hotel industry after competitive strategy has been applied. This paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between competitive strategy, managerial use of MAS information, and customer-related performance of hotel industry in Indonesia.
Seasonal composition and population density of zooplankton in Lake Karaboğaz from the Kızılırmak Delta (Samsun, Turkey)

Zooplankton composition and abundance were investigated seasonally at 6 sites in Lake Karabogaz in relation to some physicochemical conditions. A total of 63 taxa were identified, among them 51 species of rotifers, 8 cladocerans, and 4 copepods. Rotifera represented the predominant component (79% of the total community), followed by nauplii, cladocerans, and copepods (15%, 5%, and 1%, respectively). The average total zooplankton abundance ranged from 9603 to 22,968 ind/m3. The maximum and the minimum densities were measured in June and August of 2009, respectively. Of the identified zooplankton, 39 taxa were species with a low frequency in the lake. Among the species with the highest frequency of encounter were Coronatella rectangula, Chydorus sphaericus, Colurella adriatica, Keratella quadrata, Lecane closterocerca, L. bulla, and Polyarthra vulgaris. Zooplankton diversity showed a positive correlation with temperature and chlorophyll a. However, a significant negative correlation was detected between diversity and salinity.
Response by the authors to the comments of reviewer 1

Flood defences can be designed as multiple lines of defence. This paper presents an approach for finding an optimal configuration for flood defence systems, based on an economic cost-benefit analysis with an arbitrary number of interdependent lines of defence. The proposed approach is based on a graph algorithm and is, thanks to some beneficial properties of the application, able to traverse large problems. ::::::::::: Furthermore, :::::::::::: computational :::::::: efficiency :: is :::::::: achieved :: by :::::::: delaying :::: cost :::::::::: calculations :::: until :::: they ::: are :::::: actually ::::::: needed :: by ::: the ::::: graph ::::::::: algorithm. A number of case studies were carried out to compare the optimal paths 5 found by the proposed approach with the results of competing methods, and were found to generate (near) identical results. The work presented here makes cost-benefit analyses of complex flood defence systems with interdependent multiple lines of defence both easier and applicable to a broad range of flood defence systems with multiple lines of defence.
Physicochemical Condition and Occurrence of Some Zooplankton in a Pond of Rajshahi University

An investigation was c arried out o n the occurrence of so me zooplankton in relation to certain physicochemical factors in a fish pond of Rajshahi City. The studies were made over a period of 10 months from D ecember 2001 to Se ptember 2002. Among the zooplankton population fou r genera of copepods were studied. It was found t hat the peak production was in April 2002. Fluctuation of some physicochemical p arameters were noted. T his p ond showed alkaline in nature with high bicarbonate content. Diurnal change of water temperature and di ssolved oxygen were also s tudied.
Long-term unemployment and subsidizing vacancies in a growth-matching model

How can long-term unemployment be reduced by policy measures of the government? In this paper a growth-matching-model is developed, in which the unemployment pool consists of heterogeneous unemployed workers, short-term and long-term unemployed, and with an endogenous skill-depreciation of the long-term unemployed emerging as technical progress accelerates. For innovation countries characterized by rapid technical progress we show that through subsidizing vacancy creation which causes a substitution and an income effect long-term unemployment can be reduced. Since the positive substitution effect implied by subsidizing vacancy creation outweighs the negative income effect induced by taxing the household? s income, a positive employment effect results leading to additional job-matches and decreasing unemployment duration. Therefore, the introduction of subsidies will be favorable for achieving a reduction in long-term unemployment.
Ψ Fluid Intelligence in a Norwegian Sample of Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Introduction: Based on results from earlier studies, fluid intelligence (Gf) is expected to decline with age and symptoms of depression, while crystallized intelligence (Gc) is expected to remain stable. Gf is expected to show a relation to cortical thickness in parieto-frontal areas. Method: N = 125 (83 females) healthy middle-aged and older adults completed WASI Matrix Reasoning, Cued Discrimination Task, California Verbal Learning Test-II and Color Word Interference Test, giving the means to derive Gf. WASI Vocabulary was used to derive Gc. Beck’s Depression Inventory provided self-reported symptoms of depression. MRI measures of cortical thickness of n = 91 were attained. Results: Aging was associated with a decline on Gf (r = -.436, p < .001), but not Gc. Symptoms of depression were significantly correlated with Gf (r = -.514, p < .001) and Gc (r = -.365, p = .017) in males, but not in females. There were correlations between cortical thickness and Gf, but these disappeared when correcting for age. Discussion: The Gf factor relies heavily on measures of cognitive speed, known to decline with age. The effect of symptoms of depression might challenge the current theoretical approach to intelligence, and give implications for clinical practice. Methodological factors may explain the non-significant correlations between cortical thickness and Gf when age was accounted for. Keywords: aging, fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, psychometric, minimal depression, cognitive decline, P-FIT, neuro-g, neuropsychology, neuropsychological assessment FLUID INTELLIGENCE IN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS iii Sammendrag Introduksjon: Basert på funn fra tidligere studier forventes flytende intelligens (Gf) å svekkes med alderen og med symptomer på depresjon. Krystallisert intelligens (Gc) forventes å være stabil. Gf forventes å være korrelert til kortikal tykkelse. Metode: N = 125 (83 kvinner) friske middelaldrende og eldre fullførte WASI Matriser, Cued Discrimination Task, California Verbal Learning Test-II og Color Word Interference Test, som ble brukt til å utlede Gf. WASI Ordforståelse ble brukt til å utlede Gc. Beck’s Depression Inventory ble brukt som et selvrapporteringsmål på depressive symptomer. MRI mål på kortikal tykkelse var tilgjengelig for 91 deltakere. Resultater: Alder var korrelert med nedgang på Gf (r = -.436, p < .001), men ikke på Gc. Depressive symptomer var negativt korrelert med Gf (r = -.514, p < .001) og Gc (r = -.365, p = .017) hos menn, men ikke hos kvinner. Det var en korrelasjon mellom kortikal tykkelse og Gf, men denne forsvant da vi kontrollerte for alder. Diskusjon: Gf påvirkes sterkt av mål på kognitiv hurtighet, som er vist at svekkes ved aldring. Depressive symptomers påvirkning kan utfordre den rådende teoretiske tilnærmingen til intelligens. Mangelen på signifikante korrelasjoner mellom kortikal tykkelse og Gf når man kontrollerer for alder kan ha sammenheng med metodologiske forhold. FLUID INTELLIGENCE IN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS iv
VERSLAS: TEORIJA IR PRAKTIKA / BUSINESS: THEORY AND PRACTICE

Contemporary society demands that every organization operate with a sense of social responsibility. Many organizations now include corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in their work programs. In the health sector, however, the role of CSR has not been studied as intensively as in private corporations because the services provided by the health sector are already valued as directly serving humanity. This research aims to evaluate the impact of CSR on the health sector, specifically on government hospitals. This model was developed by analyzing the influence of CSR on hospital reputation, customer loyalty, and hospital values. By answering questionnaires, a total of 200 hospital patients from four government hospitals participated in the study. The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis with AMOS tools. The results of this study provide empirical evidence that overall, CSR positively affects the reputation of the hospital, patient loyalty, and hospital value. Although there is a direct negative effect of CSR on hospital value, the larger influence of indirect effect that occurs through the mediating role of reputation and patient loyalty variables shows that CSR is able to increase the hospital value. Practically, these results imply that CSR should be applied as a strategic tool in improving the value of the hospital.
Running head: SAMPLE REPRESENTATION IN A PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT 1 Sample Representation in a Psychological Treatment Study after Single Event Paediatric Trauma

Children and their families who attended an emergency department following a single traumatic incident and who agreed to participate in a psychological treatment study (N = 211) were compared with non-participants (N = 2333) on several measures of trauma and injury severity: duration of admission and heart rate in the emergency department, emergency transport and admission to hospital, injury severity score, and triage code. Within the non-participant population, those who requested further information about the study (N = 573) were exposed to more severe trauma or injury than other non-participants (N = 1760). In addition, participants were exposed to more severe trauma or injury than either group of non-participants. These observations indicate that those exposed to more severe trauma or injury do not avoid participation in psychological treatment studies. Findings can therefore be generalised to those with more severe exposure, but not to the population as a whole.