Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of a Personal Trainer on Self-selected Loading During Resistance Exercise

Abstract Dias, MRC, Simao, RF, Saavedra, FJF, and Ratamess, NA. Influence of a personal trainer on self-selected loading during resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1925–1930, 2017—The purpose of this study was to compare differences in muscle strength and self-selected resistance training intensities between trained subjects who trained under the supervision of a personal trainer (PT) and those who trained without supervision (WoPT). Twenty-one trained subjects, men (n = 12) and women (n = 9), completed 3 sessions (separated by 48 hours) in the following sequence: first session, self-selected intensity assessment consisting of performance of 3 sets of 10 repetitions for the leg press (LP), bench press (BP), leg extension (LE), and arm curl (AC) exercises with self-selected load; second session, a 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test to determine subjects' maximal strength in the 4 exercises; and third session, a 10RM test to determine the maximum load completed for 10 repetitions for each exercise. Self-selected training loads were significantly higher in PT compared with WoPT for the LP (by 15.6%), BP (by 26.6%), LE (by 12.1%), and AC (by 22.2%) exercises. Self-selected training loads expressed relative to 1RM and 10RM data were significantly higher in PT (49–59.5% of 1RM; 62.7–77.3% of 10RM) than WoPT (41–58.7% of 1RM; 58.7–76.2% of 10RM) with largest difference observed in the lower-body exercises. Ratings of perceived exertion values were significantly higher in PT compared with WoPT. The results of the present study indicated that supervised resistance training with a personal trainer was advantageous in trained subjects although self-selected loading was still considerably lower than 1RM and 10RM percentage values.
Professional carers' perspectives on participation for older adults living in place

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to provide knowledge about professional carers' subjective descriptions and understanding of older adults' participation in everyday life, when living in place and depending on home-based service delivery. Method. Thirty professionals from different organisational levels were selected, allowing for differences in ages, gender, length of working experience, and profession or education. Six focus group discussions were held. A grounded theory approach was used to analyse the data. Results. The core category was identified as ‘participation in one's own life’. Two categories included the care providers' descriptions and understanding of participation in the life of older adults; ‘carrying out tasks in everyday-life’ and ‘interaction during service delivery’. Participation as carrying out tasks was related to the contexts inside and outside the house. The professional carers' understandings of older adults' participation in interaction during service delivery included three categories; ‘Being included and taking part in decision-making’, ‘socialising during service delivery’ and ‘collaboration in keeping up or regaining functions'. Conclusions. To promote participation for older adults living in place and in the context of service delivery, the findings suggest that the professional carers must extend their focus on participation as socialising and its significance for older adults. At a system level there is a need to focus on how the professional role in home-based service delivery can be adjusted and developed to promote collaboration about participation in older adults.
Boosting in athletes with high-level spinal cord injury: knowledge, incidence and attitudes of athletes in paralympic sport

Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is unique to individuals with spinal injuries (SCI) at T6 or above and can be voluntarily induced. Although AD improves wheelchair racing performance in some athletes, it also elicits exaggerated blood pressure, which could be dangerous. The International Paralympic Committee considers AD doping and banned its use. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to evaluate AD knowledge, incidence and attitudes (KIA) of Paralympians with SCI. Methods. An existing questionnaire was modified to include questions of AD KIA, validated by three experts and piloted with a small sample. It was administered on-line, mailed to members of a scientific network and distributed during the Beijing Paralympic Games. Fisher Exact test was used to evaluate differences across gender, injury and education. Results. Of 99 participants, 54.5% had previously heard of AD while 39.4% were unaware; 16.7%, all males, had used AD to enhance performance. Participants reported that AD was (1) useful for middle (78.6%) and long distance (71.4%), marathon (64.3%) and wheelchair rugby (64.3%); (2) somewhat dangerous (48.9%), dangerous (21.3%) or very dangerous (25.5%) to health. Results were not influenced by age, injury level or injury duration. Conclusions. Findings indicate the need for educational programmes directed towards enhancing the AD knowledge of rehabilitation professionals, coaches and trainers working with SCI individuals.
The relationship of personal factors and subjective well-being to the use of assistive technology devices

Purpose. To describe a measure and its performance specific to the relationship of personal factors and subjective well-being (SWB) to the use of assistive technology devices (ATDs). The primary hypothesis is that responses to a 33-item personal factors scale and a 12-item SWB scale are good indicators of an individual's predisposition for using, and subsequent match with, a given ATD. Methods. Data analyses from a number of studies using the 33-item personal factors and the 12-item SWB scales of the Assistive Technology Device Predisposition Assessment with persons of various ages and types of disabilities. Results. Regardless of type of disability or age of respondent, the ATD PA personal factors and the SWB scales identified important differences in predispositions to use an ATD as well as the subsequent quality of the match of person and device. Conclusions. A quantifiable relationship exists between the ATD PA's measure of personal factors and the SWB such that it is possible to characterise an individual's predisposition to use a particular ATD. Results also show that the scales are predictive of the quality of the ATD and user match at follow-up. Rehabilitation practitioners who use the ATD PA may achieve enhanced assistive technology service delivery outcomes by using this evidence-based measure.
Effect of Different Onset Thresholds on Isometric Midthigh Pull Force-Time Variables

Abstract Dos'Santos, T, Jones, PA, Comfort, P, and Thomas, C. Effect of different onset thresholds on isometric midthigh pull force-time variables. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3463–3473, 2017—Various thresholds have been used to identify the onset of contraction during isometric midthigh pull (IMTP); however, no agreed onset threshold exists for this assessment. The purpose of this study was to compare relative body weight (BW) and arbitrary onset thresholds to a criterion onset threshold 5 SDs of BW for IMTP force-time variables; force at each threshold, peak force, time-specific force values (100, 150, and 200 ms), and rate of force development (RFD) during 0–100, 0–150, 0–200 ms. Academy rugby league players (n = 9, age: 18.5 ± 0.4 years; height: 1.82 ± 0.09 m; mass: 91.2 ± 13.1 kg) performed 2 IMTP trials on a force platform sampling at 1,000 Hz. The neutral force-time data pool (18 trials) was analyzed with five different thresholds and compared with criterion threshold to determine any variance in force-time variables. Five SDs of BW were significantly lower than 10% BW and 75 N for threshold force which led to significantly greater time-specific force values at 100 and 150 ms and unacceptable limits of agreements (LOA) for all force-time variables. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between 2.5% and 5 SDs of BW; and between 5% and 5 SDs of BW for threshold force and all force-time variables with acceptable LOA. The 5 SDs of BW and 2.5% BW onset thresholds consistently resulted in the lowest values for threshold force, time-specific force values, and RFD, attributed to a lower onset bias. Therefore, scientists and practitioners are recommended to use a 5 SD of BW onset threshold for time-specific force values and RFD for accurate data because it accounts for signal noise during the weighing period. Subsequently, there is greater certainty that the onset of contraction identifies a true meaningful change in force, in contrast to relative BW thresholds.
Giant chylous cyst of liver: A case report

Introduction: We present here a case of chylous cyst of liver with multiple cysts in mesentry, in a 14-year-old. case report: A 14-year-old female presented in surgical outpatient unit with gradual swelling of abdomen for five months without any history of fever, jaundice, trauma or previous operation. Ultrasound and contrast enhanced computed tomography scan suggested a large multiseptate space occupying hypodense lesion. On laparotomy, a huge lobulated cyst containing clear fluid was found arising from left lobe of liver extending up to pelvis. Multiple small cysts were present in mesentery, mesoappendix and serosa of gallbladder. the giant cyst was excised completely with cystic left lobe of liver. Histopathology suggested chylous cyst of liver. there is no recurrence after two years of followup. conclusion: We conclude that patient had chylous cysts at multiple places with largest from liver.
A review of the demographic, clinical and psychosocial correlates of perceived control in three chronic motor illnesses

Purpose. To review the correlates of measures of control in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and motor neurone disease (MND). Method. Studies on the relationship between aspects of control and demographic, clinical and psychological factors were collated and reviewed using a narrative synthesis. Results. Forty-four papers were found which examined different types of both disease and life control. PD studies had not examined self-efficacy or helplessness and only locus of control was used in MND studies. Age, gender and disease duration were not consistently related to control, but greater participant-rated physical impairment was associated with lower perception of some control concepts. The association between symptom control and psychological wellbeing was weak and may be disease dependent. Stronger positive relationships were found between psychosocial wellbeing and both global life control and self-efficacy for disease management and adjustment. Conclusions. Further research, particularly longitudinal, is needed. Perceptions of control were not completely determined by disease stage/disability. Increased perception of certain types of control was associated with wellbeing and thus interventions should be developed to promote increased control. Although results were dominated by MS, they appear largely applicable to people with PD but more caution is needed for MND.
Different Training Loads Partially Influence Physiological Responses to the Preparation Period in Basketball

Abstract Ferioli, D, Bosio, A, La Torre, A, Carlomagno, D, Connolly, DR, and Rampinini, E. Different training loads partially influence physiological responses to preparation period in basketball. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 790–797, 2018—The aim of this study was to compare the session rating of perceived exertion training load (sRPE-TL), training volume (TV), and the changes in physical fitness between professional (n = 14) and semiprofessional (n = 18) basketball players during the preparation period. Furthermore, relationships between sRPE-TL and TV with changes in physical fitness level were investigated. The players performed the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test—level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) before and after the preparation period. In addition, physiological responses to a standardized 6-minute continuous running test (Mognoni's test) and to a standardized 5-minute high-intensity intermittent running test (HIT) were measured. Session rating of perceived exertion–TL and TV were greater for professional (5,241 ± 1787 AU; 914 ± 122 minutes) compared with semiprofessional players (2,408 ± 487 AU; 583 ± 65 minutes). Despite these differences, Yo-Yo IR1 performance improvements (∼30%) and physiological adaptations to the Mognoni's test were similar between the 2 groups. Furthermore, physiological adaptations to HIT were slightly greater for professional compared with semiprofessional players; however, the magnitude of these effects was only small/moderate. No clear relationships were found between sRPE-TL and changes in Yo-Yo IR1 performance and Mognoni's test (rs ± 90% confidence interval [CI]: Yo-Yo IR1, 0.18 ± 0.30; Mognoni's test, −0.14 ± 0.29). Only moderate relationships were found between sRPE-TL and changes in HIT (rs ± 90% CI: [La−], −0.48 ± 0.23; [H+], −0.42 ± 0.25). These results raise doubts on the effectiveness of using high sRPE-TL and TV during the preparation period to improve the physical fitness level of players. The Yo-Yo IR1 seems to be sensitive to monitor changes induced by the preparation period; however, its use is not recommended to discriminate between adult basketball players of different competitive level.
Individual and Combined Influence of ACE and ACTN3 Genes on Muscle Phenotypes in Polish Athletes

Abstract Orysiak, J, Mazur-Różycka, J, Busko, K, Gajewski, J, Szczepanska, B, and Malczewska-Lenczowska, J. Individual and combined influence of ACE and ACTN3 genes on muscle phenotypes in polish athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2776–2782, 2018—The aim of this study was to examine the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and &agr;-actinin-3 (ACTN3) genes, independently or in combination, and muscle strength and power in male and female athletes. The study involved 398 young male (n = 266) and female (n = 132) athletes representing various sport disciplines (ice hockey, canoeing, swimming, and volleyball). All were Caucasians. The following measurements were taken: height of jump and mechanical power in countermovement jump (CMJ) and spike jump (SPJ), and muscle strength of 10 muscle groups (flexors and extensors of the elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, and trunk). The insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphism of ACE and the R577X polymorphism of ACTN3 were typed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), respectively. The genotype distribution of the ACE and ACTN3 genes did not differ significantly between groups of athletes for either sex. There was no association between ACE and ACTN3 genotypes (alone or in combination) and sum of muscle strength, height of jump or mechanical power in both jump tests (CMJ and SPJ) for male and female athletes. These findings do not support an influential role of the ACE and ACTN3 genes in determining power/strength performance of elite athletes.
Content comparison of health-related quality of life measures for cerebral palsy based on the International Classification of Functioning

Purpose. Content comparison of health-related quality of life ((HRQOL)) measures is currently important because of the varying use of concepts and operationalisations. Our objective was to use the International Classification of Functioning Children and Youth version ((ICF-CY)) as a standard by which to compare the content of all cerebral palsy ((CP)) disease-specific HRQOL measures. Methods. MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched up to September 2008. The content of HRQOL measures was linked to the ICF-CY by two trained assessors. Agreement was calculated using kappa ((κ)) statistic. Results. Four disease-specific HRQOL measures were identified. Three generic measures were selected as a content comparison group. A total of 576 concepts contained in the measures were identified. Eighty-nine percent ((n == 510)) were linked to 127 different ICF-CY categories. Overall κ agreement was 0.76 ((95%% CI: 0.75–0.77)). Forty percent of concepts were linked to the activity and participation component. The measures varied in the number of concepts and the distribution of concepts by ICF-CY components. Conclusions. The ICF-CY provided an international accepted, structured framework for the content comparison of CP-specific and generic HRQOL measures. The results will provide clinicians and researchers with additional information, useful when selecting HRQOL measures.
Supervisors' responses to sickness certification for an episode of low back pain: employees' personal experiences

Purpose. To understand how work supervisors respond to sickness certification for an episode of low back pain based on employees' reports of employer–employee interactions. Method. Thematic analysis of semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 employees who were currently or had recently been off work with an episode of low back pain. Results. Two types of initial supervisor response were identified: See you later and Take your time and get it right. Both of these relied on the employee returning to work once they were able to do their normal work tasks. Three types of subsequent response were identified: Proactive, Apathetic and Negative. Only the proactive response included actions to encourage and assist the employee to return to the workplace. Conclusions. The interactions described by participants suggest that employers and their representatives often postpone actioning to return to work interventions which potentially delays the rehabilitation of the employee.
Can Neck Strength be Measured Using a Single Maximal Contraction in a Simulated Contact Position?

Abstract Salmon, DM, Handcock, PJ, Sullivan, SJ, Rehrer, NJ, and Niven, BE. Can neck strength be measured using a single maximal contraction in a simulated contact position? J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2166–2173, 2018—Neck strengthening has been postulated to potentially reduce the incidence and severity of concussions and neck injuries in collision-based sports. A quick and reliable method to assess neck strength would permit identification of those at risk and tracking of progress after injury. The purpose of this study was to determine if neck strength could be reliably assessed in a simulated contact posture using a single maximal contraction. During a single session, 30 healthy male university students performed 3 maximal voluntary contractions of the neck musculature in each of the following directions: extension (Ext), flexion (Flx), left lateral flexion (LtFlx), and right lateral flexion (RtFlx). To evaluate the reliability of these measures, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. The findings revealed a significant effect for direction (p < 0.01), where Ext (234.8 N) tested stronger than Flx (141.0 N), LtFlx (134.5 N), and RtFlx (123.0 N). In addition, Flx tested stronger than RtFlx (p = 0.03). No other differences were observed between LtFlx and RtFlx. When the combined mean values of the trials (1: 151.6 N, 2: 160.0 N, 3: 163.5 N) and the interaction contrast were compared, these were not significant (p = 0.08–1.0), indicating no changes in peak force occurred over the 3 trials. The ICC values for Ext, RtFlx, and LtFlx were all “excellent” (0.91–0.94), whereas Flx demonstrated “good” reliability (0.86). In a simulated contact posture, a reliable measure of peak force was obtained using a single maximal contraction. This may have practical applications for the quick and reliable assessment of contact sport athletes in a position that has functional relevance to their sports.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LOWER LIMB BIOMECHANICS DURING SINGLE LEG SQUAT WITH RUNNING AND CUTTING TASKS: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

Background The need to develop screening tests to find athletes who maybe predisposed to knee injuries is of prime importance in order to design individualised intervention programmes. Previous research has found 3D joint kinematics of the hip and knee during a single leg squat (SLS) to be related to those during jogging (Whatman et al., 2011). Thus, further investigation as a potential screening test is warranted. Objective To investigate the relationship between peak 3D kinematic variables during SLS with those occurring during running (RUN) and 90° cutting (CUT) tasks. Design A correlational study. Setting Undertaken in the human performance laboratory at the University of Salford. Participants 15 recreational athletes, 7 males and 8 females, (age 25.2±5.1 years; height 1.6±7.38 m; and mass 67.6 ±10.93 kg) were recruited. Interventions A ten-camera motion analysis system (Qualisys) and a force platform (AMTI) were used to collect kinematic variables during SLS, RUN, & CUT tasks. Visual 3D (C-Motion, USA) was used to process all data. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the association between 3D variables among the three tasks. Main outcome measurements Hip and knee joint angles. Result SLS was strongly correlated to run in knee valgus and hip internal rotation (r=0.70 and 0.76, respectively), and showed moderate correlation with knee external rotation (0.42). SLS and CUT were moderate to strongly correlate to each other in knee valgus, knee flexion, and hip internal rotation (r=0.54, 0.69, and 0.54, respectively), and moderately in hip flexion (r=0.38). Discussion The findings of this study provide evidence that performance of SLS relates to performance of other tasks (running and cutting). In those individuals displaying poor motion (excessive angles) during SLS this is likely to be predictive of poor motion during running and cutting, so could negate the need for assessing individuals during these tasks.
Using participatory action research in community-based rehabilitation for people with acquired brain injury: from service provision to partnership with Aboriginal communities

Purpose. Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) developed in response to delivery of rehabilitation services to people with disability in developing countries, and appears appropriate to address rehabilitation needs of rural and remote populations, including Australian Aboriginal People with acquired brain injury (ABI). This article will describe participatory action research (PAR) as a vehicle for exploring and translating the CBR model within a mainstream brain injury rehabilitation service in Queensland, Australia. Method. PAR was conducted with two self-selected remote Aboriginal communities in Far North Queensland. Key components to this project were the employment of a local Aboriginal worker, facilitating community engagement and consultation. PAR elements of planning, action and review were conducted through individual and group meetings and activities within the communities across a 3-year period. Results. The project has facilitated expansion and change within the current brain injury rehabilitation service model in line with CBR philosophical foundations, including community development and partnership as a desirable way of engaging with key stakeholders. Conclusions. The focus on community consultation through PAR and the development of community partnerships has increased the cultural competency of the rehabilitation service, the capacity of participating communities and of the sector to respond in ways that are valued and owned by Aboriginal People with brain injury, their families and communities.
Utility of a Computerised Cognitive Screen in MCI and Depression in an Older Population

Abstract The current study investigated the ability of CogniScreen to differentiate older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from those reporting symptoms of depression. Participants included 140 community-based adults (30 MCI, 15 self-rated depressed, and 95 typical older adults) aged 50–89 years. Intergroup comparisons performed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses suggest tasks within CogniScreen are sensitive to clinically significant memory loss. Data provided partial support for some CogniScreen tasks to also differentiate individuals with MCI from those who are depressed. Results suggest CogniScreen may be potentially useful in screening older adults for early cognitive decline.