Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of density matrix renormalization group to one-dimensional Hubbard model to study strongly correlated electrons system

In this work, we applied density matrix renormalization group to one-dimensional Hubbard model at five numbers of sweep to solve strongly correlated interacting electrons system, starting from two electrons on two sites up to ten electrons on ten sites at half filling. The results that emerged from the present study is in agreement with that of exact diagonalization, variational and Lanczos solution at the varying values of the Coulomb interaction strength (U/t) at t=1. The total energy, Eg/t, of the ground state increases with the increase in interaction strength for all the numbers of site, N. The spectra intensity increases with increase in the interaction strength but decreases to zero when the interaction strength is made negatively large. This study is extended to more than two electrons on two sites. We equally show effect of interaction strength, U/t, at t = 1 on the energy-dependent entropy, S. Key words: Density matrix renormalization group, Hubbard model, sweep, exact diagonalization, variational, Lanczos, entropy.
Growth and metabolic characterization of four lactic acid bacteria species isolated from rice beer prepared in Assam, India

Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from rice beer prepared in Assam, India was performed and their growth associated and functional properties were studied. LAB strains were identified as Lactobacillus casei , Pediococcus pentosaceus , Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus plantarum based on 16 s rRNA sequencing. Their growth characteristics at different pH, NaCl concentration, temperature and presence of carbohydrates were profiled. High tolerance against acid and bile salts was shown by all the strains, particularly L. pentosus TEZU174 and P. pentosaceus TEZU199 up to a pH of 1.5, and L. pentosus TEZU174 up to 14 % bile concentration. They were susceptible towards the common antibiotics, wherein erythromycin, chloramphenicol and linezolid were the most effective. The strains displayed antibiosis activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and antioxidant activity in terms of resistance to H2O2, scavenging of ·OH and DPPH free radicals was also displayed, wherein L. casei TEZU374 and P. pentosaceus TEZU482 were the most effective with above 70 % scavenging activity. The strains displayed cellular aggregation and L. casei TEZU262 and L. casei TEZU309 were highly aggregated, which attained 100 % autoaggregation within a period of 5 h. High cell surface hydrophobicity was shown by L. casei TEZU309 towards xylene and chloroform, and P. pentosaceus TEZU427 towards ethyl acetate. The strains evinced good gut tolerance capacity, antioxidant activity and adherence properties, which are characteristics of probiotic bacteria and thus are candidates for therapeutic uses and also to be used as starter cultures.
Effect of prednisolone during defervescence in dengue haemorrhagic fever: an open label controlled study

Introduction: Immune-mediated destruction of platelets is thought to be one mechanism of thrombocytopenia seen after the viraemic phase of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Steroids are effective in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) which has a similar pathogenesis. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of prednisolone in the rate of resolution of thrombocytopenia and development of complications in patients recovering from DHF grade I and II Method: An open label controlled study was carried out among 35 patients taking inward treatment at Teaching Hospital, Kandy between 31/08/2006 and 02/06/2007. Treatment group received prednisolone 10 mg tds with omeprazole 20 mg bd in addition to standard treatment. Control group received standard care only. Results: There were 20 and 15 patients in treatment and control groups respectively. Control group had a mean rate of platelet rise significantly higher than that of treatment group. (58 × 10 9 /L /day vs. 27 × 10 9 /L /day; p = 0.05) No one developed predefined complications or adverse effects attributable to prednisolone. Conclusion: This preliminary study has several limitations such as small sample size and laboratory data obtained from multiple sources. Therefore, large scale double blinded randomized controlled studies are needed before making recommendations on using steroids in patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever. doi: 10.4038/gmj.v13i1. 888 Galle Medical Journal Vol.13(1) 2008 18-21
Advanced linear models for gyro-backward wave instabilities in gyrotrons

Parasitic oscillations excitation is one of the main point hindering high-power gyrotron operation for fusion application. These instabilities, besides being dangerous for the gyrotron components, could possibly degrade the electron beam quality before it enters the cavity. In order to study the instabilities that may occur in a realistic beam duct upstream of the gyrotron cavity, the self-consistent linear and spectral code TWANGlinspec has been modified. The large inhomogeneities in the smooth-wall beam duct geometry or in the magnetic field profile required the implementation of a numerical approach using a hybrid finite element method. The new model allows to characterize a large number of potentially spurious transverse electric (TE) modes. Compared to previous studies on gyrotron beam duct instabilities, an extended interaction space including also the gyrotron cavity has been considered. The role of the connecting part called spacer between the beam duct and the cavity is highlighted and it is shown that the gyro backward-wave TE modes excited in this region generally have their minimum starting current. The backward-wave nature of the parasitic oscillations is responsible to their strong electron velocity spread dependency, as shown with the new code TWANGlinspread. Nonlinear models were also used and allowed to evaluate the effect of the parasitic oscillations on the electron beam quality. These parasitic oscillations induce a large electron beam energy spread and subsequently a significant reduction of the gyrotron efficiency. However, the competition between the parasitic and the operating mode could play an important role and a multimode model should be used to fully study the situation in one single simulation. For the first time, a self-consistent electron beam wave interaction is simulated in the presence of a lossy dielectric layer in the smooth-wall beam duct. In TWANGlinspec, the transverse structure of the TE mode is adapted to the solution of the complex cold dispersion relation of an infinite homogeneous dielectric coated cylindrical waveguide. Before considering the realistic situation, the dispersion relation formulation had to be adapted for dielectric materials with very high losses and the validity of the TE pure mode (Ez = 0) assumed in TWANGlinspec had to be assessed for SiC or BeOSiC materials. The effect of the dielectric layer on the parasitic starting current is large for parasitic oscillations localized at the end of the beam duct and in the spacer region. For a real case, the dual frequency gyrotron for the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV), but with a smooth-wall SiC dielectric layer and with a realistic electron beam including velocity spread, the parasitic oscillations starting current is increased to a level higher than the operating beam current. The excitation of these parasitic oscillations is thus not expected to
Sedimentation Rates and Heavy Metal
Concentrations in the Tidal Flats
of North Vietnam

Tidal flats in the north of Vietnam from Quang Ninh to Ninh Binh provinces are impacted by land-ocean interaction processes and human activity. The flats are experiencing erosion in some parts and accretion in others, as well as the accumulation of pollutants. This study examines core samples extracted from the region to systematically quantify changes in sedimentary processes and the accumulation of heavy metals. A total of 11 sediment cores were collected from the tidal flats and analyzed for 210Pb, 226Ra, grain size, and heavy metal content. Sedimentation rates, according to the constant rate supply model (CRS), ranged from 0.04 to 15.00 cm/year. There was evidence of spikes in sedimentation rates for brief episodes; however, the average ranged from 0.14 to 3.04 cm/year. In the north of the study area, the sedimentation rate was low, then increased to the center and the south. The concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, As, and Cd) in the sediments were found to increase with time. Additionally, an increasing trend was observed from the north to the south of the study area. The concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Pb, and As in the sediments from the center to the south exceeded the ISQG levels.
Identifikasi Sifat Ketahanan Plasma Nutfah Kedelai (Glycine Max L. Merrill) Terhadap Kutu Kebul (Bemisia tabaci Genn.)

Superior variety with resistance to pest is neededin order to cover the high needs of soybean in Indonesia. Genetic resources from germplasm collections are needed for the assembly of new soybean variety resistant to whitefly. This research aims to find soybean germplasm as the source ofresistance gene and to learn soybean leaf characters resistant to whitefly. This research was conducted from February to May 2018 at Kendalpayak Experimental Station, Balitkabi, Malang. A total of 48 soybean genotypes were evaluated following a randomized block design with three replicates. Observations of whitefly population (number of eggs, nymphs, pupae, and imago), number of leaf trichomes, leaf chlorophyll index, leaf water content, and leaf color score were carried out on three plant samples for each genotype. The result showed that there are 6 resistant genotypes such as Wilis, Meratus, Argomulyo, Ringgit, Merbabu, and Malabar. There were no leaf characteristics that played a doimant role in soybean resistance to whitefly.
Enhanced operation of ‘Sen’ transformer with improved operating point density/area for power flow control

In flexible AC transmission systems, conventional transformers with tap changing mechanism in ‘Sen’ transformer configuration is a cost effective approach for independent active and reactive power flow control compared to voltage source converter-based solutions. ‘Sen’ transformer regulates the power flow by injecting a series voltage in the transmission line with a specific magnitude and phase angle with respect to the line current flowing through it. The accuracy of such injected voltage depends on the number of available taps in the transformer. However, with limited number of taps the conventional ‘Sen’ transformer results in a limited number of operating points, leading to large steady state error for a given design. This study discusses different types of ‘Sen’ transformer configurations, tap control schemes and proposes an improved tap selection technique with tap reversal arrangement for enhanced operation of ‘Sen’ transformer for power flow control. The proposed method increases the number of operating points, which leads to smaller steady state error with improved copper utilisation and increased tap changing complexity. The new tap changing algorithm and its implementation techniques are described in detail. The proposed configuration is analysed against similar configurations and is verified through a 160 MVA Simulink model.
Direct lattice-QCD calculation of pion valence quark distribution

Within the large momentum effective theory framework, we report the results of the first direct lattice-QCD calculation of the valence quark distribution in the pion. Our results are comparable quantitatively with the results extracted from experimental data as well as from Dyson-Schwinger equation. Future calculations at physical pion mass and larger momentum will be able to discern discrepancies in various existing analyses.
Endocardial differentiation in zebrafish occurs during early somitogenesis and is dependent on BMP and etv2 signalling

The endocardium and adjacent vascular endothelial network share a number of molecular markers however there are distinct physiological functions of these tissues. What distinguishes these lineages on a molecular level remains an important, unanswered question in cardiovascular biology. We have identified the Gt(SAGFF27C); Tg(4xUAS:egfp) line as a marker of early endocardial development and used this line to examine endocardial differentiation. Our results show that the endocardium emerges from the anterior lateral plate mesoderm at the 8-somite stage (13 hpf). Analysis in a number of loss-of-function models showed that whilst nkx2.5, hand2 and tal1 loss-of-function have no effect on the endocardial progenitor domain, both etv2 loss-of-function and inhibition of BMP signalling reduce the endocardial domain. Furthermore, manipulating BMP signalling alters etv2 expression. Together, these results describe the onset of endocardial molecular identity and suggest a signalling cascade whereby BMP signalling acts upstream of etv2 to direct differentiation of endocardial progenitors.
Mechanism of Intraspecific Selectivity of Cabbage to Nitrofen

The plant characteristics which makes ‘Hybelle’ cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) relatively tolerant while ‘Rio Verde’ is susceptible to the toxic action of 2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether (nitrofen) were investigated. No differences between ‘Hybelle’ and ‘Rio Verde’ were found in growth rates, light or dark germination, or stomata density. Little xylem or phloem translocation of nitrofen-14C occurred. Disruption and removal of the cuticle of ‘Hybelle’ increased its susceptibility to nitrofen while ‘Rio Verde’ with more than normal wax deposition was tolerant. Plants with less cuticle were more susceptible, regardless of cultivar. ‘Hybelle’ had more wax per unit surface than ‘Rio Verde’ and wax deposition increased with leaf age. Both cultivars were equally tolerant to nitrofen when 6 weeks old. ‘Rio Verde’ leaves absorbed nitrofen-14C twice as fast as ‘Hybelle’ leaves. The results show that the mechanism of intraspecific selectivity of cabbage to nitrofen is dependent on the amount of cuticular wax on the leaves at the time of nitrofen application.
Gray wolf optimizer approach to the reliability‐cost optimization of residual heat removal system of a nuclear power plant safety system

To ensure the safety of nuclear power plants (NPPs), nuclear regulatory agencies set technical specifications (TSs). TSs define the safety‐related operational measures and specify essential requirements and set specific limitations that is necessarily be followed by a nuclear industry to meet the requirements for the safety of an NPP. One of the important bases for the setting of TSs is the estimates of the availability and reliability of various systems and costs associated with an NPP. In this work, authors have presented a framework based upon a hodiernal nature‐inspired metaheuristic called multiobjective gray wolf optimizer (MOGWO) algorithm, which mimic the hierarchal and hunting behavior of gray wolves (Canis lupus), for technical specifications optimization of residual heat removal system (RHRS) of an NPP safety system. The efficiency of MOGWO in optimizing the TSs is demonstrated by comparing its results with a very popular swarm‐based optimization technique named multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO).
Mode selection map-based vertical handover in D2D enabled 5G networks

One of the promising features of 5G networks is device-to-device (D2D) communication that enables direct transmission between D2D user equipments (UEs). Besides the traditional cellular transmission mode, UEs can select between the reuse and dedicated modes. In this study the authors consider a scenario where a communicating D2D pair and a cellular UE that communicates with an evolved Node-B can use the same spectrum. It is assumed that the cellular UE can move in the network while the D2D UEs are static. The movement of the cellular UE can affect the quality of the communication between the D2D pair. Therefore, the transmission mode between the D2D UEs might change to keep the best quality. In this study the authors propose a new mobility management and vertical handover algorithm that handles the transmission mode transition during the D2D connection to maximise the overall throughput. The algorithm uses distance from the border and critical direction set as mobility variables that are analytically determined. These variables are calculated using a mode selection map that is derived analytically when pathloss and fading models are used. Finally, in order to analyse the performance of the proposed handover algorithm, the authors analytically calculate handover rate and sojourn time metrics.
Air Depleted and Solvent Impregnated Cork Powder as a New Natural and Sustainable Wine Fining Agent

We recently proposed a simple methodology to improve cork powder waste adsorption properties through vacuum degassing and solvent impregnation, to use this abundant and cheap material as a new wine fining agent. Its applicability was first shown for red wine 4-ethylphenol (4-EP) and 4-ethylguaiacol (4-EG) reduction. Nowadays, the presence of 4-EP and 4-EG is a serious problem in the wine industry, known as “ Brett character ” , by the negative aroma imparted by these volatile phenols (VPs) to red wine. There are only some curative treatments to remove these compounds without impacting negatively on wine quality. Optimised cork powder was used successfully as a new treatment for the reduction of these negative VPs (41 – 75% for 4-EP and 40 – 69% for 4-EG) increasing at the same time wine sensory performance. Wine treated with cork powder reduced 6.9% phenolic acids and catechin and 2.3% monomeric anthocyanins without any significant change in colour intensity. In this chapter, the cork complex structure is discussed, besides the impact of its use in wine containing VPs on physicochemical composition and quality. This new application of this natural, abundant and cheap material has the potential of being a new wine fining agent with low environmental impact.
Insights into the Crystal Structure and Clathration Selectivity of Organic Clathrates Formed with Hydroquinone and (CO2 + CH4) Gas Mixtures

Organic clathrates, particularly those formed by hydroquinone (HQ) and gas mixtures, have been far less studied than other inclusion compounds, such as gas hydrates. In this study, experiments and molecular dynamics simulations were performed on mixed (CO2 + CH4)–HQ clathrates. Single crystals were synthesized using gas mixtures with different compositions, ranging from pure CO2 to pure CH4. The crystal structure, the guest occupancy in the clathrates, and the variation of the crystal lattice parameters according to clathrate composition were obtained by X-ray diffraction measurements. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the same systems, with state-of-the-art molecular models and force fields. The experimental results obtained and the molecular dynamics simulation estimations were in good agreement. The clathration selectivity was also calculated on the basis of experimental results, and the composition of the solid phase was correlated with the composition of the gas phase at e.
Lichens facilitate seedling recruitment in alpine heath

Questions: How do mat thickness, physical structure and allelopathic properties of terricolous mat-forming lichens affect recruitment of vascular plants in dwarf-shrub and lichen heath vegetation? Location: The mountains of Dovrefjell, central Norway. Methods: In autumn, seeds of ten vascular plant species were collected and sown in a common garden experiment with mats of six lichen species and bare soil controls as experimental treatments. We recorded growing season soil temperature and moisture, and seedling recruitment and growth after one year. The effect of lichen secondary compounds on germination was tested in a growth chamber experiment and compared to the lichen–plant interactions detected under field conditions. Results: The lichen mats buffered extreme soil temperatures and soil drying in dry weather, with soils below the thickest mats (Cladonia stellaris and C. rangiferina) experiencing the lowest temperature fluctuations. Seedling recruitment and seedling growth in the field and seed germination in the lab were species-specific. Seedling recruitment rates were overall higher within lichen mats than on bare soil, but the c. 6.5-cm-thick mats of C. stellaris reduced recruitment of many species. The lab experiment suggested no overall strong effect of lichen allelopathy on seed germination, and effects on seed germination were only moderately correlated with the lichen–plant interactions observed for seedling recruitment in the field. Conclusions: In harsh environments like alpine dwarf-shrub and lichen heaths, the presence of lichens and the resulting amelioration of the microclimate seem more important for vascular plant recruitment than are allelopathic effects often reported in lab experiments. We might therefore expect most terricolous lichens, depending on the plant species in focus, to facilitate rather than hamper the early stages of plant recruitment into lichen-dominated arctic-alpine heath vegetation. (Less)
Understanding Language Teaching From Method to Postmethod

Kumaravadivelu's book on language teaching aims to illustrate "the pattern that connects the various elements of learning, teaching, and teacher education" in language teaching (p. xiii). As can be deduced from the title, the major theme of the book cites the emergence of a postmethod condition in the literature on teaching second/foreign languages. This emerging postmethod state has been commented on by other writers such as Brown (2002), Richards (2001) and Adamson (2004). However, Kumaravadivelu has what I perceive to be a very personalized vision of language teaching and the "postmethod" state of English language teaching. He illustrates this by first grounding the reader in the concepts of language, language acquisition, and language teaching, as well as a comprehensive discussion of methodology in language teaching.