Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New insights into the role of Runx1 in epithelial stem cell biology and pathology

The transcription factor Runx1 has been studied in leukemia and blood for decades, but recently it has been also implicated in epithelial biology and pathology. Particularly in mouse skin Runx1 modulates Wnt signaling levels thereby regulating timely induction of hair follicle specification, proper maturation of the emerging adult hair follicle stem cells in embryogenesis, and timely stem cell (SC) activation during adult homeostasis. Moreover, Runx1 acts as a tumor promoter in mouse skin squamous tumor formation and maintenance, likely by repressing p21 and promoting Stat3 activation. Similarly, Runx1 is essential for oral epithelium tumorigenesis mediated in mice by Ras, and for growth of three kinds of human epithelial cancer cells. In contrast, Runx1 has a tumor suppressor function in the mouse intestine and shows tumor subtype specific behavior in human breast cancer. Multiple studies revealed Runx1 SNPs to be associated with human cancers and autoimmune disease. With this information as background, the field is poised for functional and mechanistic studies to elucidate the role of Runx1 in formation and/or progression of epithelial‐based human disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 985–993, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypermetabolism in Patients With Dementia With Lewy Bodies

Purpose: Detection of hyperperfusion by I-123 N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography can be helpful to diagnose dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). This study characterized hypermetabolism in DLB. Materials and Methods: A total of 22 probable cases of DLB were examined by F-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography. Results: Hypermetabolism was found in the peri-motor area, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Eleven patients had hypermetabolism in all 3 areas, 6 in 2 areas, 4 in 1 area, and 1 in no area. Hypermetabolism was most frequent in the cerebellum. Comparison of the 11 patients with hypermetabolism in all 3 areas to the other 11 cases found no significant differences in age (P = 0.2555), sex (P = 0.1889), Mini-Mental State Examination score (P = 0.0897), and Parkinsonism. However, visual hallucinations were significantly more frequent in the patients with hypermetabolism in all 3 areas (P = 0.0018). Conclusions: Hypermetabolism is common in patients with DLB and may be related to visual hallucinations.
School-wide staff and faculty training in suicide risk awareness: successes and challenges.

PROBLEM Rates of youth suicide and suicidal behavior remain high despite prevention efforts. Training high school personnel as gatekeepers is an important strategy. METHODS Training was implemented in a school district's five comprehensive high schools. Surveys were conducted before and after training sessions, which targeted all adults working at the high school. Two hundred thirty-seven individuals completed the pretest and/or posttest. FINDINGS Participants reported gains in knowledge, confidence, and feelings of competence in recognizing, approaching, and connecting distressed youth to school-based resources. Training was well received. CONCLUSION Training is acceptable and appropriate for school personnel. Increasing the number of school personnel who participate in the training is challenging.
Open-system dynamics of entanglement:a key issues review

One of the greatest challenges in the fields of quantum information processing and quantum technologies is the detailed coherent control over each and every constituent of quantum systems with an ever increasing number of particles. Within this endeavor, harnessing of many-body entanglement against the detrimental effects of the environment is a major pressing issue. Besides being an important concept from a fundamental standpoint, entanglement has been recognized as a crucial resource for quantum speed-ups or performance enhancements over classical methods. Understanding and controlling many-body entanglement in open systems may have strong implications in quantum computing, quantum simulations of many-body systems, secure quantum communication or cryptography, quantum metrology, our understanding of the quantum-to-classical transition, and other important questions of quantum foundations. In this paper we present an overview of recent theoretical and experimental efforts to underpin the dynamics of entanglement under the influence of noise. Entanglement is thus taken as a dynamic quantity on its own, and we survey how it evolves due to the unavoidable interaction of the entangled system with its surroundings. We analyze several scenarios, corresponding to different families of states and environments, which render a very rich diversity of dynamical behaviors. In contrast to single-particle quantities, like populations and coherences, which typically vanish only asymptotically in time, entanglement may disappear at a finite time. In addition, important classes of entanglement display an exponential decay with the number of particles when subject to local noise, which poses yet another threat to the already-challenging scaling of quantum technologies. Other classes, however, turn out to be extremely robust against local noise. Theoretical results and recent experiments regarding the difference between local and global decoherence are summarized. Control and robustness-enhancement techniques, scaling laws, statistical and geometrical aspects of multipartite-entanglement decay are also reviewed; all in order to give a broad picture of entanglement dynamics in open quantum systems addressed to both theorists and experimentalists inside and outside the field of quantum information.
Effects of yoga on patients in an adolescent mental health hospital and the relationship between those effects and the patients' sensory-processing patterns.

PROBLEM This study investigated the effects of yoga as a sensory regulation tool in reducing adolescent distress in an acute care psychiatric hospital. METHODS This was a descriptive, correlational pre-intervention/post-intervention design conducted in a mental health hospital over 5 months from mid-January to mid-June 2012. The population consisted of a convenience sample of 75 adolescent mental health unit inpatients and partial-hospitalization patients 12-18 years of age who participated in two or more yoga sessions. Patient charts provided Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV Axes I-V diagnosis, gender, and age. Dependent variables were pulse and Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale scores, which were recorded before and after each yoga class. The Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile provided a measure of patient sensory-processing preference levels that were related to the pulse and Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale results. FINDINGS Yoga sessions significantly improved patient pulse and self-reported distress ratings regardless of gender or sensory profile levels. CONCLUSIONS This article contributes to research on the therapeutic effects of yoga as a sensory regulation intervention in the treatment of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. Yoga has the potential to help adolescents in an acute care psychiatric hospital learn to soothe themselves, to regulate their emotions, and to find relief from emotional distress while hospitalized.
Dynamics of focal adhesions and reorganization of F‐actin in VEGF‐stimulated NSCs under varying differentiation states

Precise migration of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) is crucially important for neurogenesis and repair in the nervous system. However, the detailed mechanisms are not clear. Our previous results showed that NSCs in varying differentiation states possess different migratory ability to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this study, we demonstrate the different dynamics of focal adhesions (FAs) and reorganization of F‐actin in NSCs during spreading and migration stimulated by VEGF. We found that the migrating NSCs of 0.5 and 1 day differentiation possess more FAs at leading edge than cells of other states. Moreover, the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin in NSCs correlates closely with their differentiation states. VEGF promotes FA formation with broad lamellipodium generation at the leading edge in chemotaxing cells of 0, 0.5, and 1 day differentiation, but not in cells of 3 days differentiation. Furthermore, cells of 1 day differentiation show a maximal asymmetry of FAs between lamella and cell rear, orchestrating cell polarization and directional migration. Time‐lapse video analysis shows that the disassembly of FAs and the cell tail detachment in NSCs of 1 day differentiation are more rapid, along with the concurrent enlarged size of FAs at the leading edge, leading to the most effective chemotactic response to VEGF. Collectively, these results indicate that the dynamics of FAs and reorganization of F‐actin in NSCs that undergo directional migration correlate closely with their differentiation states, contributing to the different chemotactic responses of these cells to VEGF. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1744–1759, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dark stars: a review

Dark stars are stellar objects made (almost entirely) of hydrogen and helium, but powered by the heat from dark matter annihilation, rather than by fusion. They are in hydrostatic and thermal equilibrium, but with an unusual power source. Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), among the best candidates for dark matter, can be their own antimatter and can annihilate inside the star, thereby providing a heat source. Although dark matter constitutes only ≲0.1% of the stellar mass, this amount is sufficient to power the star for millions to billions of years. Thus, the first phase of stellar evolution in the history of the Universe may have been dark stars. We review how dark stars come into existence, how they grow as long as dark matter fuel persists, and their stellar structure and evolution. The studies were done in two different ways, first assuming polytropic interiors and more recently using the MESA stellar evolution code; the basic results are the same. Dark stars are giant, puffy (∼10 AU) and cool (surface temperatures ∼10 000 K) objects. We follow the evolution of dark stars from their inception at ∼1M⊙ as they accrete mass from their surroundings to become supermassive stars, some even reaching masses >106M⊙ and luminosities >1010L⊙, making them detectable with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope. Once the dark matter runs out and the dark star dies, it may collapse to a black hole; thus dark stars may provide seeds for the supermassive black holes observed throughout the Universe and at early times. Other sites for dark star formation may exist in the Universe today in regions of high dark matter density such as the centers of galaxies. The current review briefly discusses dark stars existing today, but focuses on the early generation of dark stars.
A Comparison Between Two Imaging Techniques for the Diagnosis of Subacute Thyroiditis (De Quervain Thyroiditis): Brief Communication

Purpose: Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) or de Quervain thyroiditis is a relatively frequent and self-limited condition with a triphasic clinical course. Its symptoms can mimic other thyroid, upper respiratory, and ear infections. Thyroid ultrasonography (TUS), radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU), and thyroid scintigraphy (TS) may be used for differential diagnosis. To assess and compare the diagnostic value of thyroid TUS and TS in patients on the first phase of a clinically diagnosed SAT. Material and Methods: Twenty-two patients (18 women and 4 men, age, 37.2 ± 9.83 years) with clinical diagnosis of SAT were prospectively studied. Thyroid stimulating hormone, T3, free T4, antithyroperoxidase antibodies, thyroglobulin, polymerase chain reaction, complete blood count and differential, TUS, TS, and RAIU at 2 and 24 hours were performed. Results: All patients were on thyrotoxic phase with a thyroid stimulating hormone mean of 0.03 ± 0.030 mU/L (range: 0.005–0.13); antithyroperoxidase antibodies were positive in 3 patients (≥75 UI/mL); thyroglobulin was elevated in 16 patients (≥55 ng/mL). RAIU at 2 hours was 1.94% ± 0.85% (range: 1%–4%), and at 24 hours, 0.98% ± 1.24% (range: 0.10%–5%). TS showed low uptake in all patients. On TUS, only 8 patients were compatible with SAT. In 13 patients, TUS was consistent with goiter, diffuse type in 8, multinodular in 5, and normal in 1 patient. Conclusion: Low thyroid scan uptake with I-131 at 2 hours (<4%) and 24 hours (<5%), and poor thyroid visualization on TS seem to be more prevalent than focal distortion and heterogeneity in TUS in thyrotoxic phase of SAT.
Emergent behavior in strongly correlated electron systems

I describe early work on strongly correlated electron systems (SCES) from the perspective of a theoretical physicist who, while a participant in their reductionist top-down beginnings, is now part of the paradigm change to a bottom-up ‘emergent’ approach with its focus on using phenomenology to find the organizing principles responsible for their emergent behavior disclosed by experiment—and only then constructing microscopic models that incorporate these. After considering the organizing principles responsible for the emergence of plasmons, quasiparticles, and conventional superconductivity in SCES, I consider their application to three of SCES’s sister systems, the helium liquids, nuclei, and the nuclear matter found in neutron stars. I note some recent applications of the random phase approximation and examine briefly the role that paradigm change is playing in two central problems in our field: understanding the emergence and subsequent behavior of heavy electrons in Kondo lattice materials; and finding the mechanism for the unconventional superconductivity found in heavy electron, organic, cuprate, and iron-based materials.
Smartphones as Polymedia

This article investigates whether smartphones function as environments of polymedia Madianou & Miller, 2012 and assesses their consequences for transnational families. Drawing on research with UK-based Filipino migrants, the article observes that users treat smartphones as integrated environments of communicative opportunities and exploit the differences within media in order to express emotions and manage their relationships with their family members who remain in the Philippines. For smartphone users, being online emerges as the default position and there is evidence that new media become constitutive of relationships in situations of extreme separation. However, technology cannot overcome difficulties that are fundamentally social. Moreover, the article observes the emergence of a new 'care divide' between those who own smartphones and those who do not.
MADD Is a Downstream Target of PTEN in Triggering Apoptosis

Mitogen‐activated kinase activating death domain containing protein (MADD) is abundantly expressed in cancer cells and necessary for maintaining cancer cell survival. However, this survival function of MADD is dependent upon its phosphorylation by protein kinase B (Akt). The tumour suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is a lipid phosphatase that negatively regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)‐Akt signaling pathway. The downstream targets of PTEN in triggering apoptosis have not yet been completely identified. Here, we report that MADD can act as a pro‐apoptotic factor to initiate TRAIL‐induced apoptosis when its phosphorylation is attenuated by PTEN. Our data show that tumor necrosis factor α‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced a reduction in MADD phosphorylation with a concomitant up‐regulation of PTEN. Knock down of PTEN using a specific siRNA prevented TRAIL‐induced reduction in pMADD levels. Surprisingly, Akt non‐phopshorylated MADD translocated from the plasma membrane to cytoplasm where it bound to 14‐3‐3 and displaced 14‐3‐3 associated Bax, which translocated to mitochondria resulting in cytochrome c release. Taken together, our data reveal that PTEN can convey the death signal by preventing MADD phosphorylation by Akt. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 261–270, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Confirmation Bias in Online Searches: Impacts of Selective Exposure Before an Election on Political Attitude Strength and Shifts

Impacts of Internet use on political information seeking and subsequent processes have been subject to much debate. A 2-session online field study presented online search results on political topics to examine selective exposure and its attitudinal impacts. Session 1 captured attitudes, including their accessibility. Session 2 tracked what online search results participants selected and how long they read them; participants then reported attitudes again. The study represented a 4x8x2x2 within-subjects design: 4 topics, 8 browsing intervals each, with articles presenting opposing stances, with low versus high source credibility. Attitude-consistent messages and messages from high-credibility sources were preferred. Exposure to attitude-consistent search results increased attitude accessibility and reinforced attitudes, whereas exposure to attitude-discrepant content had opposite effects, regardless of messages' source credibility.
Knowledge Sharing on Enterprise Social Media: Practices to Cope With Institutional Complexity

This study examines the use of enterprise social media ESM for organizational knowledge sharing and shows that professionals face ambiguities because their knowledge sharing behavior is informed by an institutional complexity that consists of 2 dissimilar institutional logics: logics of the profession, and logics of the corporation. Our qualitative case study of an ESM at an IT consultancy organization shows that professionals find ways to manage the ambiguities they experience by engaging the affordances of ESM in such a way as to develop coping practices: connection management, reputation management, and information management. By complementing the affordance perspective with an institutional logics perspective, we are able to advance scholarly understanding on how ESM can facilitate but also frustrate knowledge sharing.
A Proteomics‐Driven Assay Defines Specific Plasma Protein Signatures in Different Stages of Ménière's Disease

Ménière's disease (MD) is a common disorder of the inner ear whose hallmarks are vertigo, tinnitus, aural fullness, and progressive hearing loss. The degree of severity of the disease is quite heterogeneous, and so is its pathogenesis. A multifactorial inheritance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors has been described, but there is not a common agreement on the molecular basis of MD. In a recent article, we have demonstrated that patients suffering from MD share a common plasma proteomic signature, characterized by the presence of several up‐ and down‐regulated proteins. In this study, we have further extended our analysis and show that the differential expression of plasma proteins can identify specific subsets of MD‐affected individuals, depending on their stage. Our findings confirm our plasma proteomics‐driven approach as a powerful tool for early diagnosis of MD and uncover a potentially starring role for some proteins in the development and fate of this frustrating disease, whose pathogenesis still remains unclear. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1097–1100, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review of epidemiological studies of exposure to tritium

Tritium (3H) is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. A number of factors combine to create a good deal of interest in the risks arising from exposure to tritium of both workers and members of the public. Tritium is ubiquitous in environmental and biological systems and is very mobile due to its occurrence as tritiated water. In this paper we systematically review epidemiological data relating to tritium exposure with a view to assessing the risk of such exposure using those studies that are potentially informative. The usefulness of the available studies of cancer and other adverse health effects in workforces and members of the general public is often impaired by a lack of tritium-specific dose data, low doses and small numbers of cases. A number of workforce studies have been identified in which tritium-specific individual doses have been estimated, although none of them, as presently reported, enable reliable inferences to be made on risks associated with exposure to tritium. In general, the available epidemiological studies on the offspring of radiation workers or on pregnancy outcome in areas subject to releases of tritium do not contain enough detail to estimate risks from tritium exposure. Although the studies presently reported are uninformative on risks from tritium, a number of the occupationally exposed cohorts would be potentially informative, particularly if data were suitably combined.
Special site nevi in pregnancy

Abstract:Nevi of special sites occur on genital, breast, flexural, and acral skin. Lesions at these locations have distinctive histologic features and display both architectural and cytologic atypia. They can simulate dysplastic nevi or melanoma and therefore cause diagnostic concern. Rarely, pregna
Expression parameters of the inhibitors of apoptosis cIAP1 and cIAP2 in renal cell carcinomas and their prognostic relevance

The expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family members cIAP1 and cIAP2 have been shown to be altered in various cancer entities. This study was done to characterize the tumor‐related expression profile of cIAP1 and cIAP2 in patients with renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and to evaluate its potential predictive value after curative resection. Expression of cIAP1 and cIAP2 was analyzed by real‐time RT‐PCR in RCC and corresponding normal tissue samples obtained from a cohort of 127 RCC patients (median follow‐up: 48 months) undergoing surgical treatment. Expression data was correlated to histopathological variables and outcome. Overexpression of cIAP1 and cIAP2 occurred in most RCC specimens (p < 0.001), but 20% of the patients had lower cIAP levels in malignant than in normal tissue. The cIAP1 expression correlated with the tumor stage, levels being higher in pT1 tumors than in advanced pathological stages (p = 0.002). Decreased cIAP1 expression in RCC relative to paired normal samples predicted an abbreviated time to recurrence (hazard rate 2.96; 95% CI: 1.23–7.09) and tumor‐specific survival (hazard rate 2.78; 95% CI: 1.22–6.38) irrespective of the tumor stage and grade. The prognostic effect of cIAP1 was most pronounced in patients with pT3 disease (log rank test p = 0.001). The results of uni‐ and multivariate analysis suggest a prognostic value of cIAP1 expression for RCC patients, downregulation indicating an aggressive, potentially lethal phenotype. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.