Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of temperature on microbial changes during kimchi fermentation

Kimchi, a salt-pickled and fermented vegetable, is one of the most popular foods in Asian countries, such as Korea, and more and more people in the world get used to its taste. In this study, Kimchi were fermented at two different temperatures. After acidification to pH=4.2, LAB were isolated, enumerated. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of micro flora of Kimchi. The results show that the naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria load was found to vary between 1.5×10 4 cfu/gr to 1.9×10 8 cfu/gr at 20˚ c. The yeast counts increased from 1.13×10 4 cfu/gr to 5×10 7 cfu/gr at 20 c˚. The LAB counts on MRS increased from 1.5×10 4 cfu/gr to 6.1×10 8 cfu/gr at 30 ˚c. The largest increase in the numbers of LAB was noted during the first 24 h of fermentation and further incubation led to decrease. The yeast counts increased from 1.13×10 4 cfu/gr to 5.1 × 107 cfu/gr. Maximum total acids produced in kimchi at 30 o C. At 30 o C, the optimum-ripening period was 1 day and the edible period was also 1-2 days. The results show that the temperature is effective on microbial changes during kimchi fermentation.
Studying Children's Intrapersonal Emotion Regulation Strategies from the Process Model of Emotion Regulation

ABSTRACT The authors relied on the Process Model of Emotion Regulation (PMER; J. J. Gross, 2007) to investigate children's abilities to regulate their emotions and to assess how distinct emotion regulation strategies are used by children of different ages. In Study 1, 180 parents of children aged between 3 and 8 years old reported about a situation in which their child had been able to change what she or he was feeling. In Study 2, 126 children 3–8 years old answered 2 questions about how they regulate their own emotions. Results from both studies showed age differences in children's reported emotion regulation abilities and the strategies they used. As expected, strategies such as situation selection, situation modification, and cognitive change were used more frequently by 5–6- and 7–8-year-olds, whereas attention deployment was mainly used by 3–4-year-olds. No age differences were found for response modulation. The present research contributes to the existing body of literature on emotion regulation by adding more information about the developmental patterns for each specific emotion regulation strategy.
Effect of Climate Change on Fluxes of Nitrogen from the Tovdal River Basin, Norway, to Adjoining Marine Areas

Abstract The mass transport model TEOTIL was used to project nitrate (NO3) fluxes from the Tovdal River basin, southernmost Norway, given four scenarios of climate change. Forests, uplands, and open water currently account for 90% of the NO3 flux. Climate scenarios for 2071–2100 suggest increased temperature by 2–4°C and precipitation by 3–11%. Climate experiments and long-term monitoring were used to estimate future rates of nitrogen (N) leaching. More water will run through the terrestrial catchments during the winter but less will run in the spring. The annual NO3 flux from the Tovdal River to the adjoining Topdalsfjord is projected to remain unchanged, but with more NO3 delivered in the winter and less in the spring. Algal blooms in coastal waters can be expected to occur earlier in the year. Major sources of uncertainty are in the long-term fate of N stored in soil organic matter and the impacts of forest management.
Part D coverage gap and adherence to diabetes medications.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of Medicare Part D coverage gap (donut hole) on adherence to diabetes medications. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort analysis based on pharmacy claims data. METHODS The sample included 12,881 Medicare Part D beneficiaries with diabetes who entered the coverage gap in 2008. Sample patients had 3 different levels of coverage in the donut hole: no coverage, generic drug coverage only, and both generic and brand-name drug coverage. Adherence was measured by the proportion of days covered. We used a difference-in-difference model to evaluate the effect of coverage gap on adherence. RESULTS In the donut hole, the average copayment for diabetes medications increased substantially for beneficiaries with no coverage and beneficiaries with generic drug coverage only, whereas the average copayment for beneficiaries with both generic and brand-name medication coverage declined slightly. Compared with beneficiaries with full coverage of both generic and brand-name drugs, beneficiaries with no coverage (odds ratio[OR] = 0.617, P <.0001, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.523, 0.728) and beneficiaries with generic drug coverage only (OR = 0.702, P <.0001, 95% CI = 0.604, 0.816) were significantly less likely to be adherent after entering the donut hole. The difference between having generic coverage and no coverage was not significant (P = .1586). CONCLUSIONS The coverage gap in the Medicare Part D program has a significant negative impact on medication adherence among beneficiaries with diabetes. Availability of brand-name drug coverage in the donut hole is critical to adherence to diabetes medications.
Partial and Entropic Information Decompositions of a Neuronal Modulatory Interaction

Information processing within neural systems often depends upon selective amplification of relevant signals and suppression of irrelevant signals. This has been shown many times by studies of contextual effects but there is as yet no consensus on how to interpret such studies. Some researchers interpret the effects of context as contributing to the selective receptive field (RF) input about which neurons transmit information. Others interpret context effects as affecting transmission of information about RF input without becoming part of the RF information transmitted. Here we use partial information decomposition (PID) and entropic information decomposition (EID) to study the properties of a form of modulation previously used in neurobiologically plausible neural nets. PID shows that this form of modulation can affect transmission of information in the RF input without the binary output transmitting any information unique to the modulator. EID produces similar decompositions, except that information unique to the modulator and the mechanistic shared component can be negative when modulating and modulated signals are correlated. Synergistic and source shared components were never negative in the conditions studied. Thus, both PID and EID show that modulatory inputs to a local processor can affect the transmission of information from other inputs. Contrary to what was previously assumed, this transmission can occur without the modulatory inputs becoming part of the information transmitted, as shown by the use of PID with the model we consider. Decompositions of psychophysical data from a visual contrast detection task with surrounding context suggest that a similar form of modulation may also occur in real neural systems.
Collaborative Software Performance Engineering for Enterprise Applications

In the domain of enterprise applications, organizations usually implement third-party standard software components in order to save costs. Hence, application performance monitoring activities constantly produce log entries that are comparable to a certain extent, holding the potential for valuable collaboration across organizational borders. Taking advantage of this fact, we propose a collaborative knowledge base, aimed to support decisions of performance engineering activities, carried out during early design phases of planned enterprise applications. To verify our assumption of crossorganizational comparability, machine learning algorithms were trained on monitoring logs of 18,927 standard application instances productively running at different organizations around the globe. Using random forests, we were able to predict the mean response time for selected standard business transactions with a mean relative error of 23.19 percent. Hence, the approach combines benefits of existing measurement-based and model-based performance prediction techniques, leading to competitive advantages, enabled by interorganizational collaboration.
The birth weight and survival of Ghanaian twins

1 286 Ghanaian twin births are analysed with regard to birth weight, maternal age, panty and survival. They are compared with similar European data. 2 There is a significant but unexplained shortage of femalefemale twins. 3 The differences between the Ghanaian and European twin weights (0.2 1b.) are much less than the differences between the weights of single babies (0.9 1b.). 4 The very high correlation (r= 0.8) between parity and mother's age in the data is due to the association between twinning and these variables, The high parity of the Ghanaian women may account for their high twin rate. 5 The mortality rate of Ghanaian twins (15%) is similar to that of Italian twins and lower than that for some English twins (21%). This is shown to be largely due to the lower proportion of low‐weight Ghanaian twin babies. It is suggested that this may be because twinning is a more natural phenomenon in Ghanaian than in European women.
Regulation of Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 by the Hepatitis C Virus Serine Protease

Persistent infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are likely to depend on viral inhibition of host defenses. We show that the HCV NS3/4A serine protease blocks the phosphorylation and effector action of interferon regulatory factor–3 (IRF-3), a key cellular antiviral signaling molecule. Disruption of NS3/4A protease function by mutation or a ketoamide peptidomimetic inhibitor relieved this blockade and restored IRF-3 phosphorylation after cellular challenge with an unrelated virus. Furthermore, dominant-negative or constitutively active IRF-3 mutants, respectively, enhanced or suppressed HCV RNA replication in hepatoma cells. Thus, the NS3/4A protease represents a dual therapeutic target, the inhibition of which may both block viral replication and restore IRF-3 control of HCV infection.
Verification of the Method-of-Moment Codes Using the Method of Manufactured Solutions

The method of manufactured solutions (MMS) is introduced here for the verification of the method-of-moment (MoM) codes. The selection of appropriate manufactured solutions is investigated. The numerical integration of the electric field integral equation is discussed and the effect thereof on the utility of the MMS for the MoM is considered. General convergence rates of the MoM are discussed and the computation of the relevant norms is explained. Several examples are shown, highlighting the power of the MMS for different aspects of the code verification process.
Contralateral Reinnervation of Midline Muscles in Nonidiopathic Facial Palsy

Summary The purpose of this study was to analyze contralateral reinnervation of the facial nerve in eight patients with complete facial palsy after surgery or trauma and seven healthy volunteers. All patients had contralateral reinnervation of facial muscles as demonstrated by electrical nerve stimulation versus none of the control subjects. Four patients had facial muscle movements at the site of the damaged nerve. In one patient this was entirely the result of contralateral reinnervation, whereas the other three patients had innervation both ipsilaterally and contralaterally. This implies that renewed facial muscle activity should be examined considering the origin of the reinnervation, either contralateral or ipsilateral. Contralateral reinnervation is a common phenomenon after total facial palsy and can occur alongside ipsilateral reinnervation. It can be mistaken for adequate reinnervation of the damaged nerve, causing postponement of dynamic reconstruction therapy.
Barriers, Benefits, and Strategies for Physical Activity in Patients With Schizophrenia

Background Patients with schizophrenia have a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death compared with the general population. High prevalence of an unhealthy lifestyle contributes to the increased risk in these patients. Patients with schizophrenia are often physically inactive, and there is limited knowledge on the factors, such as barriers and incentives, that can influence physical activity in this patient group. Objective The aim was to study the perception and experience of barriers to and incentives for physical activity in daily living in patients with schizophrenia, as reported by the patients themselves. Design An explorative study applying conventional qualitative content analysis was conducted. Methods A purposeful sample of 20 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (13 men, 7 women; 22–63 years of age) registered at 3 psychiatric outpatient clinics in Sweden were interviewed using semistructured interviews. Results The analysis resulted in 3 main themes: (1) barriers—factors that complicate or obstruct physical activity, (2) reward—the motivation for physical activity, and (3) helpful strategies. Limitations The results may not reflect important factors related to physical activity in older patients (>65 years of age), newly diagnosed patients, or inpatients. Conclusions In accordance with patients' perceptions, there may be biopsychosocial determinants of physical activity behavior that are unique for this group of patients. Future studies should investigate whether physical activity interventions for patients with schizophrenia benefit from individual analyses of barriers and reward for physical activity in combination with the use of tailored strategies such as personal support and activity planning.
Anxiety and depression in individuals with somatic health problems. The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT)

There is a high occurrence of depressive symptoms in patients with somatic health problems. About one-third of individuals with somatic health problems have anxiety disorders and/or depression. Comorbid anxiety disorder and depression are found to be more strongly associated with somatic health problems than pure anxiety disorder and pure depression. Objective - To examine the relationship between anxiety disorders and depression and various somatic health problems in the general population. Design - Cross-sectional study with survey methods and clinical examinations. Setting - The Health Study of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway (the HUNT study). Participants - 60 t 869 individuals aged 20-89 years. Main outcome measures - Anxiety disorder, depression and their comorbidity are categorized based on scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. All somatic health variables are self-reported, while blood pressure, height and weight are measured. Multivariate nominal logistic regression analyses are used to investigate the relationship between somatic variables and the anxiety/depression categories. Results - Most somatic health variables show a stronger association with comorbid anxiety disorder/depression than with anxiety disorder or depression alone. About one-third of individuals reporting somatic health problems also have anxiety disorder and/or depression. Conclusion - Somatic health problems carry a high risk of both anxiety disorder and depression. Active identification and treatment of these co-occurring mental disorders are of practical importance.
Assisted Tasks to Generate Pre-prototypes for Web Information Systems

Pre-prototypes are models represented in different abstraction levels that can be validated in preliminary software process phases. So far, these pre-prototypes have been designed by experienced modellers, requiring weeks of work to specify all the details required before generating source code and, finally, get a feedback from clients in acceptance tests. This paper presents a new methodology to develop web information systems through pre-prototypes. Such methodology aims at helping designers with low experience in modelling by allowing them quickly produce detailed pre-prototypes, which are used as input for model transformations that generate working application pieces. Thus, as means of validation, we report on a case study conducted in industry and discuss shortcomings and benefits about our methodology.
Impact of Patient Navigation Interventions on Timely Diagnostic Follow Up for Abnormal Cervical Screening.

OBJECTIVE As part of the Patient Navigation Research Program, we examined the effect of patient navigation versus usual care on timely diagnostic follow-up, defined as clinical management for women with cervical abnormalities within accepted time frames. METHODS Participants from four Patient Navigation Research Program centers were divided into low- and high-risk abnormality groups and analyzed separately. Low-risk participants (n = 2088) were those who enrolled with an initial Pap test finding of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) with a positive high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) serotype, atypical glandular cells, or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL). High-risk participants were those with an initial finding of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) (n = 229). A dichotomous outcome of timely diagnostic follow-up within 180 days was used for the low-risk abnormality group and timely diagnostic follow-up within 60 days for the high-risk group, consistent with treatment guidelines. A logistic mixed-effects regression model was used to evaluate the intervention effect using a random effect for study arm within an institution. A backward selection process was used for multivariable model building, considering the impact of each predictor on the intervention effect. RESULTS Low-risk women in the patient navigation arm showed an improvement in the odds of timely diagnostic follow-up across all racial groups, but statistically significant effects were only observed in non-English-speaking Hispanics (OR 5.88, 95% CI 2.81-12.29). No effect was observed among high-risk women. CONCLUSION These results suggest that patient navigation can improve timely diagnostic follow-up among women with low-risk cervical abnormalities, particularly in non-English-speaking Hispanic women.
Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent and vitamin D is inversely associated with parathyroid hormone and calcitriol in pregnant adolescents

Few large studies have assessed changes in calcitropic hormones and maternal 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status across pregnancy, and how this may impact maternal bone turnover and neonatal hormone status. We aimed to identify determinants of 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitriol across pregnancy in a longitudinal study of 168 pregnant adolescents (≤18 years of age). Maternal 25(OH)D, PTH, and calcitriol were assessed at mid‐gestation (∼26 weeks), delivery, and in cord blood. Data were related to measures of maternal anthropometrics, dietary intake, physical activity, and bone turnover markers. Approximately 50% of teens and their infants had serum 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL; 25(OH)D was lower in African Americans versus whites (p < 0.001). PTH increased across gestation (p < 0.001). Elevated PTH (≥60 pg/mL) was detected in 25% of adolescents at delivery, and was associated with increased concentrations of serum N‐telopeptide (NTX) (p = 0.028). PTH and calcitriol did not significantly differ across the range of Ca intake consumed (257–3220 mg/d). In the group as a whole, PTH was inversely associated with 25(OH)D in maternal circulation at mid‐gestation (p = 0.023) and at delivery (p = 0.019). However, when the cohort was partitioned by 25(OH)D status, this relationship was only present in those with 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL, suggestive of a threshold below which 25(OH)D impacts PTH during pregnancy. Mid‐gestation 25(OH)D was inversely associated with calcitriol at delivery (p = 0.023), irrespective of Ca intake. Neonatal PTH and calcitriol were significantly lower than (p < 0.001), but unrelated to maternal concentrations. These findings indicate that maternal 25(OH)D status plays a role in calcitropic hormone regulation in pregnant adolescents. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
The Vectorcardiogram in the Differential Diagnosis of Atrial Septal Defect in Children

Vectorcardiograms have been analyzed in 32 atrial septal defects of the secundum type and 23 endocardial cushion defects, as well as 6 patients in special groups. All but 1 patient in both major groups showed right ventricular hypertrophy, with clear-cut evidence of additional right bundle-branch block being present in only 3. The principal difference between ostium secundum and endocardial cushion defects consists in the loop being inferior in the former, superior in the latter. The direction of inscription in the frontal plane tends to be clockwise in the ostium secundum lesions, counterclockwise in the endocardial cushion group. The 6 patients in special groups could be readily distinguished from the 2 major groups with the use of the vectorcardiogram. The superior position of the vector loop (left axis deviation in the electrocardiogram) characteristic of endocardial cushion defects, is thought not to be secondary to left ventricular hypertrophy but rather to a congenital anomaly in the conduction system. A correlation was attempted between the vectorcardiogram and hemodynamic data in 22 patients in each group. The ratio of right to left ventricular work appeared to relate well to the vectorcardiogram. As the ratio increased, more right ventricular hypertrophy appeared.
Large‐scale fungal diversity assessment in the Andean Yungas forests reveals strong community turnover among forest types along an altitudinal gradient

The Yungas, a system of tropical and subtropical montane forests on the eastern slopes of the Andes, are extremely diverse and severely threatened by anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Previous mycological works focused on macrofungi (e.g. agarics, polypores) and mycorrhizae in Alnus acuminata forests, while fungal diversity in other parts of the Yungas has remained mostly unexplored. We carried out Ion Torrent sequencing of ITS2 rDNA from soil samples taken at 24 sites along the entire latitudinal extent of the Yungas in Argentina. The sampled sites represent the three altitudinal forest types: the piedmont (400–700 m a.s.l.), montane (700–1500 m a.s.l.) and montane cloud (1500–3000 m a.s.l.) forests. The deep sequence data presented here (i.e. 4 108 126 quality‐filtered sequences) indicate that fungal community composition correlates most strongly with elevation, with many fungi showing preference for a certain altitudinal forest type. For example, ectomycorrhizal and root endophytic fungi were most diverse in the montane cloud forests, particularly at sites dominated by Alnus acuminata, while the diversity values of various saprobic groups were highest at lower elevations. Despite the strong altitudinal community turnover, fungal diversity was comparable across the different zonal forest types. Besides elevation, soil pH, N, P, and organic matter contents correlated with fungal community structure as well, although most of these variables were co‐correlated with elevation. Our data provide an unprecedented insight into the high diversity and spatial distribution of fungi in the Yungas forests.