Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the compulsory helmet wearing legislation for bicyclists in South Australia

The wearing of approved helmets by bicyclists was made compulsory in South Australia on 1 July 1991. This study evaluates the legislation in terms of its effect on the number of cyclists (exposure), helmet wearing rates and the number of hospital admissions for cyclists casualties. The results are not conclusive about the effect of the helmet legislation on the number of cyclists. From the substantial reductions in hospital admissions immediately after the legislation was introduced it is likely that there was an immediate reduction in exposure. An observational study of South Australian schools indicates there has been a significant reduction in the number of children cycling to school. Helmet wearing rates have increased significantly since the legislation was introduced. Wearing rates are over 90% for cyclists 15 years and over, and up to 85.5% for cyclists under 15 years. The observational study of school children found wearing rates to be over 90% for all groups except secondary students who recorded a rate of 87%. Commuter cyclists in the city of Adelaide recorded a helmet wearing rate of 98%. An analysis of hospital admissions in the year immediately before the legislation compared to the year immediately after, shows, after accounting for exposure and changing hospital admission policy for concussion injury, that the use of bicycle helmets can be linked to a 12.1% decrease in hospital admissions for cycling injuries that are potentially preventable by the use of a bicycle helmet. The same analysis for the two years before and two years after the compulsory requirement to wear bicycle helmets indicates that helmet use is responsible for a 24.7% decrease in hospital admissions for potentially preventable injuries.
COMPARISON OF OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE BETWEEN SINGLE INDEX MODELS AND MARKOWITZ MODELS (CASE STUDY OF DAILY RETURN IMPLEMENTATION OF OJK RULES REGARDING INVESTMENTS OF STATE VALUES FOR NON-BANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 2016-2017)

The problem of this research is the implementation of optimal portfolio of Government Security investment by Non-Bank Financial institutions. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) provides rules for it. This study utilizes several financial indexes to find the optimal portfolio. Some portfolios are developed and tested by comparing risk levels through single index model and Markowitz Models. Furthermore, the returns of standard deviation and coefficient of variance are used to identify this optimal model. The result shows that developing optimal portfolio through Single Index Model yields higher expected return than that of Markowitz Model. Choosing Kompas 100 Index as the reference index may help higher expected return. Due to the nature of the Indonesia Health Care Agency, is suggested that agency is excluded from the Financial Service Authority rules regarding obligation and stock investment. The limitation of this research is as follows: it focuses on two approaches, analyses on investment obligations and stocks, and the healthcare agency only.
Viral marketing and purchase intentions of mobile applications users

Purpose In the preceding decades, due to the advancement of social media, traditional marketing has become less significant. Managers and entrepreneurs are seeking novel, effective and efficient ways both for new and technological products/services. Drawing on the theory of reasoned action, information adoption model and technology acceptance model, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of viral marketing on purchase intentions of mobile applications users in Iran. Design/methodology/approach Statistical population includes those Iranian users who have used two social networks (Facebook, Instagram, Line, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Telegram, Twitter, Viber, WeChat and WhatsApp) at least. Invalid questionnaires are excluded and 624 are used for the data analysis. Structural equations modelling is used to test the proposed model. Findings The findings show that the most effective factor on apps perceived usefulness is argument quality of information, followed by source credibility and quantity of information. Perceived usefulness is also predicted by perceived ease of use through the indirect effect of argument quality. Furthermore, it is also found that purchase intention is affected by perceived ease of use, followed by perceived usefulness through attitude towards the purchase. Research limitations/implications This research is limited to the Iranian mobile apps market. Future studies on viral marketing in app markets should collect data from multiple industries and multiple countries in order to achieve a more comprehensive perspective on the effects and consequences of viral advertising. Furthermore, rather than social networks, similar research can be conducted on different communication channels of the internet such as blogs, e-mails, chat rooms, online communities, discussion boards, corporate websites, e-commerce and social commerce websites (e.g. Amazon). It is also suggested that the conceptual model of the research can be extended considering other useful factors on purchase intentions than attitude (e.g. subjective norms and perceived behavioural control). Furthermore, future research should consider the role of mobile apps features in forming purchase intentions. Practical implications For the firms that develop mobile applications (particularly in Iran’s app market), increasing sales requires exploiting social media viral marketing to effectively change potential customers’ perceptions about usefulness and ease of use of their products. The findings suggest that a viral marketing strategy should be developed with high argument quality, followed by high source credibility and a large amount of information on social media. Originality/value This is one of the earliest studies investigating the viral effects of social networks on purchase intention in the mobile applications context. Although very few papers practically recognised the impact of viral marketing on purchase intention, the effect of this concept on mobile applications purchase intention had remained unknown.
Electoral Coalitions and Policy Reversals in Portugal and Italy in the Aftermath of the Eurozone Crisis

ABSTRACT This paper links patterns of deregulatory reforms and post-crisis reversals in Italy and Portugal with the electoral constituencies of political parties. Combining insights from the social coalitions and electoral behaviour debates, we link reform outcomes to the class set-up of the electorate in the two countries by using the class schema developed by Daniel Oesch. We find that governments in both countries reversed austerity measures in order to protect core groups of voters within their electorate in spite of wide ideological differences between governing coalitions in the two countries. There is, however, some variation in the extent of the reversals across policy areas.
Combination of Embedding Models and Collaboration with Observed Feature Models for Knowledge Graph Completion

Knowledge graphs are useful for many artificial intelligence tasks but often have missing data. Hence, a method for completing knowledge graphs is required. Existing approaches include embedding models, the Path Ranking Algorithm, and rule evaluation models. However, these approaches have limitations. For example, all the information is mixed and difficult to interpret in embedding models, and traditional rule evaluation models are basically slow. In this paper, we provide an integrated view of various approaches and combine them to compensate for their limitations. We first unify state-of-the-art embedding models, such as ComplEx and TorusE, reinterpreting them as a variant of translation-based models. Then, we show that these models utilize paths for link prediction and propose a method for evaluating rules based on this idea. Finally, we combine an embedding model and observed feature models to predict missing triples. This is possible because all of these models utilize paths. We also conduct experiments, including link prediction tasks, with standard datasets to evaluate our method and framework. The experiments show that our method can evaluate rules faster than traditional methods and that our framework outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of link prediction.
Attitudes towards abortion among university undergraduatet students in two selected puplic universities in Kenya : implications for counselling

It is currently estimated that 26-31 million legal and 10-20 million illegal abortions are performed each year worldwide. The estimated worldwide total abortions (legal and illegal) range between 36-53 million yielding an annual rate of 32-46 million abortions per 1,000 women of reproductive age. In Africa alone, over 1.5 million illegal abortions are procured annually, while in Kenya it is approximated that about 300,000 abortions are procured each year. The major purpose of this study was to investigate attitudes towards abortion among Kenyan university students, and the main reasons that motivate the female students to procure abortion. The study also aimed at finding out the extent to which gender, religious affiliation, age, area of residence, economic status of parents, and faculty, influence their attitudinal trends. The main aim was to establish the abortion perspectives that students subscribe to in relation to the. pre-identified perspectives of prochoice, pro-life and situationalist moderates, and to critically analyse the counselling implications of the findings. To realise the purpose of the study, a descriptive survey design was adopted. The study subjects comprised 205 students from Nairobi and Kenyatta Universities. Stratified random sampling procedure was used to choose the sample population. Primary data was collected by use of a questionnaire, which contained ,. both open-ended and structured questions. Purposive informal discussions were held where necessary to seek clarification and additional information from the respondents. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data processing and analysis. Both descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted. The first stage of processing and analysis involved computation of frequencies, means and percentages and generation of tables and charts. The second stage involved testing of hypotheses by use of chi-square, ANOVA and t-test. It was discovered that variables of religion, parental income, and facuIty significantly influenced the students' attitudes towards abortion in relation to some of its three facets namely foetal personhood, morality and legalisation. The students also gave their opinions regarding factors that motivate female university students to procure abortion. The three highly ranked factors were: fear of humiliation, fear of discontinuing studies, and financial constraints. The implications of the findings were critically examined and the findings were found to be of significant importance in constructing programmes for youth personal-social counselling in the area of sexuality and its related issues such as abortion. Recommendations were made for counsellors, parents, teachers, religious leaders, students, legal and educational policy makers, and future researchers.
An Evaluation of Problem-based Learning Supported by Information and Communication Technology: A Pilot Study

this pilot study aimed to identify the effectiveness of information and communication technologies (icts) in supporting the problem-based learning (pbl) method and the traditional teaching method (ttm) through students’ examination scores. the research design was a quasiexperimental post-test design, where bivariate analysis using the wilcoxon statistical test was used to determine the difference in the examination scores between the applied learning methods. it is found that the support of ict applications increases students’ examination scores from both the ttm and pbl method. however, it only yields a significant increase when used in the pbl method or when the pbl method is combined with ttm. among all the methods evaluated, the pbl method with icts support gave the highest results in students’ examination scores.
A validation of the Visual Perceptual Aspects Test using a bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling approach

Visual perception is a psychological construct that describes the awareness of visual sensations and arise from the interactions of the individual or observer in the external environment together with the physiology of the observer’s visual system. A variety of theories of the development of visual perception have led to the development of different psychometric measures aimed at quantifying the cognitive construct. The Visual Perceptual Aspects Test was developed by Clutten (2009) to measure nine different constructs of visual perception. The original VPAT was validated using content and construct validity based on a Western Cape sample. However, to the researcher’s knowledge, a factor analysis had not yet been conducted on the VPAT to determine the factor validity of the test. Furthermore, no measures of validity or reliability had been conducted on the VPAT using a sample outside of the Western Cape. The aim of this research is to validate the hypothesised nine factor structure of the Visual Perceptual Aspects Test, using a confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation model, a bifactor confirmatory factor analysis and a bifactor exploratory structural equation model. The results of the analysis showed marginal model fit of the VPAT with the sample data, with sufficient levels of reliability for certain sub-tests. However, the VPAT did not meet significant levels of validity or reliability of the proposed model structure of the VPAT for the sample group of learners based in the Eastern Cape.
A Fast Startup CMOS Crystal Oscillator Using Two-Step Injection

Fast startup crystal oscillators (XOs) are needed in heavily duty-cycled communication systems for implementing aggressive dynamic power management schemes. This article presents the ways to improve startup time of XOs. Using a two-step injection technique in a three-step process, the proposed technique reduces the XO startup time to within 1.5<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> the theoretical minimum. By solving the differential equation governing crystal resonator under injection for arbitrary injection frequency, the behavior of energy build-up inside a crystal resonator is analyzed and used to determine optimum injection time as a function of the desired XO steady-state amplitude and injection frequency error. Bounds on tolerable injection frequency error to guarantee the existence of optimal timing are provided. Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, the proposed 54-MHz fast startup XO occupies an active area of 0.075 mm<sup>2</sup> and achieves a startup time of less than 20 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> across a temperature range of −40 °C to 85 °C while consuming a startup energy of 34.9 nJ and operating from a 1.0-V supply.
Gender, social capital and adaptive capacity to climate variability

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between gender and social capital in adapting to climate variability in the arid and semi-arid regions in Turkana in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach This paper undertook literature review of secondary data sources, conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs). The statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data for the quantitative part of the paper. Findings Vulnerability is influenced by age, gender, education and disability. Elderly women are considered to be the most vulnerable to climate variability and change because they are the poorest in the community, followed by elderly men, the disabled, female-headed households, married women, men and, finally, the youth. Less than 30 per cent of women and men in both Katilu and Loima are able to read and write. The cross-tabulation results show that there is a statistical significant relationship between gender, age and education level and climate change vulnerability. This implies that gender, age and education level have a significant effect on climate change vulnerability. Research limitations/implications The research coverage was limited to only two regions in Turkana because of time and economic constraints. Practical implications The lack of attention to gender in the climate change literature has time and again resulted in an oversimplification of women’s and men's experience of climate risks. Improved development assistance, investments and enhanced targeting of the truly vulnerable within pastoral societies demand an acceptance of underdevelopment in arid and semi-arid regions in Kenya because of historical imbalances in investment; the recognition that vulnerability of pastoralists is neither uniform nor universal and the need to consider differences like age, gender and education. Policy-makers should understand that pastoralists in the past have used indigenous knowledge to cope with and adapt to climate change. The current-recurrent and intensity droughts require investment in modern technology, equipping pastoralists with relevant information and skills to make them resilient to climate change and implementing existing and relevant policies for northern Kenya. Social implications This paper draws from several other efforts to show the critical relationships between gender, social capital and climate change. They are tracking adaptation and measuring development framework; ending drought emergencies common programme framework; and feminist evaluation approach. Originality/value This paper is important in identifying the link between gender, social capital and adaptation to climate change.
Follow the Leader? Testing for the Internalization of Law

The internalization of law is said to be a process that involves a change in people’s intrinsic motivation to act in accord with the law’s obligations, so that it is possible to observe imposed obligations become individual choices. We empirically test for this phenomenon by attempting to disentangle the impacts of a legal change (a 5-pence charge on the use of plastic bags) on intrinsic motivation and individual choice. We do so by measuring behaviors and attitudes before and after the legal change and by comparing the impacts across neighboring jurisdictions without the change. Using a difference-in-differences estimator, we find evidence for the internalization of the law. However, using mediation analysis, we find that internalization of the law explains only around 5–8 percent of the change in behavior—the rest being attributable to the direct effect of the charge.
The day-of-the-week effect in Swedish stock returns

One implication of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is that it is not possible to consistently and over time create abnormal returns without taking on additional risk. However, the hypothesis has become one of the most debated theories in financial economics. Numerous studies suggest that seasonal patterns exist in stock returns, so-called calendar effects, which violates the assumption of stock market efficiency. In contribution to this literature, the present study aims to investigate the day-of-the-week effect on the Swedish stock market in small, mid, and large-capitalization stocks. This study reports positive day-of-the-week effects among small and mid-capitalization stocks, both for raw returns and for risk-adjusted returns, but finds no such effects for large-capitalization stocks. However, the observed day-of-the-week effects do not prevail consistently over time, which indicates only weak evidence against the EMH. (Less)
Evaluating the Impact of the US–China Trade War

We evaluate the impact of the US–China trade war using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of global trade. We conduct ex ante simulation analysis exploring three scenarios to understand how the trade war affects import tariffs, investment, and productivity. The escalation of the trade war reduces gross domestic product (GDP) in China and the USA by −1.41% and −1.35%, respectively. The trade war reduces nearly all sectoral imports and outputs in both countries. To reflect the important role of global value chains (GVCs), we modify the dynamic CGE model with agent‐specific import demands, and we explore the difference between the results for the two models relating to the trade war impacts on GDP and bilateral trade. When GVCs are accounted for, the negative impacts on bilateral trade are more widespread across countries, and world GDP in the modified model is reduced by −$US450 billion. These results suggest that the GVCs play substantial role in determining trade responses at the disaggregated level.
The relationship between country characteristics, development levels and brain drain - A quantitative analysis

Brain drain refers to the international migration of highly skilled people. It can affect countries of all development levels, but it is the brain drain from developing countries that has garnered the most attention. There are two purposes with this study, the first is to find the relationship between brain drain and unemployment, GNI per capita and political stability. The second purpose is to see if these relationships differ depending on a country’s development level. Studying brain drain from countries of all development levels may bring more insights to the phenomenon that could help countries trying to mitigate their brain drain. The theory of push- and pull-factors state that different factors within a country work to either retain and attract people, or push people away. Whether or not a factor is working to push people or pull people depends on the level of the factor, and also the perception of it by different individuals. This study conducted linear, nonlinear and dummy variable regressions using data from 133 countries from 2015 and 2016. The measurement used for brain drain was a country’s capacity to retain talent, and the independent variables used were unemployment, GNI per capita and political stability. The results showed that unemployment is negatively related to the capacity to retain talent while GNI per capita and political stability are positively related to the capacity to retain talent. These relationships differ depending on if a country is developing or is developed. Comparisons between countries regarding determinants of brain drain are possibly more significant if the countries are more homogenous than simply their development levels, further studies are thus needed in order for countries to know what they need to do to mitigate their brain drain. (Less)
Study of Artificial Intelligence and its Applications

: Artificial intelligence is the subfield of computer science and is an intelligence shown by machinery and software’s. AI is a field whose goal is to automate activities that presently require human intelligence. Application areas of Artificial Intelligence is having a good impact on various fields of life, as artificial intelligence is widely used these days to solve the complex problems in various areas as science, engineering, business, medicine, weather forecasting, etc. The areas employing the technology of Artificial Intelligence have seen a rise in the quality and efficiency.In future, machines may replace humans or improve their skills in many areas . This paper gives the overview of growing technology in the field of computer science.