Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leader Succession and Civil War

Leadership succession is a perennial source of instability in autocratic regimes. Despite this, it has remained a curiously understudied phenomenon in political science. In this article, we compile a novel and comprehensive dataset on civil war in Europe and combine it with data on the fate of monarchs in 28 states over 800 years to investigate how autocratic succession affected the risk of civil war. Exploiting the natural deaths of monarchs to identify exogenous variation in successions, we find that successions substantially increased the risk of civil war. The risk of succession wars could, however, be mitigated by hereditary succession arrangements (i.e., primogeniture—the principle of letting the oldest son inherit the throne). When hereditary monarchies replaced elective monarchies in Europe, succession wars declined drastically. Our results point to the importance of the succession, and the institutions governing it, for political stability in autocratic regimes.
Issue Competition without Electoral Incentives? A Study of Issue Emphasis in the European Parliament

Niche party leverage over mainstream party policy agendas is a central theme in the issue competition literature. The literature has underlined that the electoral threat associated with niche party issue mobilization guides mainstream party responses to such niche parties. Yet how do political parties react to issue mobilization in an institutional setting not primarily steered by electoral considerations? We argue that the European Parliament constitutes such a case and study issue competition on the radical right’s core issue: immigration. To establish the leverage of radical right members of the European Parliament (MEPs), we use an original data set of parliamentary questions and motions between 2004 and 2016. Using time-series regression analysis, we find that mainstream party groups do not increase their emphasis of immigration issues in response to radical right MEPs’ issue emphasis. These findings indicate that the institutional context and the perceived electoral threat are crucial for issue competition dynamics.
Presentation and representation of parallel treebanks

We have created a small German-Swedish-French parallel treebank. The German and Swedish sentences were Part-of-Speech tagged and parsed with phrase structure in a similar way and then aligned on the sentence and phrase level. The French sentences were annotated with an external system combining constituency and dependency analysis and then aligned to the Swedish sentences. The treebanks are represented with TIGER-XML and the alignment information is contained in a separate XML document. The parallel trees can be viewed with help of the Stockholm Alignment Viewer, based on SVG-files. The program allows for many possibilities in marking and visualizing special traits of the parallel treebank.
Firm Networks, Borders, and Regional Economic Integration

Borders reduce interprovincial trade relative to intraprovincial trade. Using trade and firm ownership microdata over a 9‐year period (2004–2012), we show firm ownership networks, like trade flows, diminish with distance and borders and that the estimated effect of provincial borders on trade may fall by almost 75% after accounting for firm networks. This suggests the weaker presence of firm networks across borders has a significant, although statistically imprecise, effect on interprovincial trade. These findings reinforce the view that understanding border effects require not only the identification of barriers to trade but also barriers to investment across borders.
ScienceDirect Twelfth International Multi-Conference on Information Processing-2016 ( IMCIP-2016 ) Performance Evaluation of Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Intrusion Detection

Intrusion detection system plays an important role in network security. Intrusion detection model is a predictive model used to predict the network data traffic as normal or intrusion. Machine Learning algorithms are used to build accurate models for clustering, classification and prediction. In this paper classification and predictive models for intrusion detection are built by using machine learning classification algorithms namely Logistic Regression, Gaussian Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine and Random Forest. These algorithms are tested with NSL-KDD data set. Experimental results shows that Random Forest Classifier out performs the other methods in identifying whether the data traffic is normal or an attack. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the Twelfth International Multi-Conference on Information Processing-2016 (IMCIP-2016).
Time pressure in translation

This paper outlines some of the results of a project designed to identify the processes and strategies used when translating under time pressure, and to identify use of coping tactics. The article is based on a number of experiments using psycholinguistic methods of concurrent verbal reporting and Translog computer logging. The data are the analysed think-aloud protocols and print-outs from the computer program Translog. The findings presented indicate that differences in problem-solving activities and in choice of strategies can be found not only between non-translators and professional translators, but also between recently graduated professionals with 1-3 years' experience and expert translators with more than 8 years of experience
The framing of options for retirement: experimental tests for policy

We hypothesise and confirm a substantial framing effect in relation to whether people opt for an annuity on retirement. Two laboratory experiments were conducted in collaboration with a national pensions regulator. Individuals demanded a higher annuity rate when pensions were initially conceived of as an accumulated lump sum – a “nest egg” or “pension pot” – than when they were initially conceived of as retirement income. The effect was recorded using both a matching and a choice procedure. Effect sizes implied more than a doubling of demand for annuities at market rates. While mindful of the need for caution in generalising from hypothetical laboratory studies, the findings have potentially strong policy implications. The framing of pension products in marketing materials and disclosures may have substantial effects on financial risks borne in later life. Acknowledgements: This research is supported by the Pensions Authority in Ireland. The authors are grateful to members of the authority for guidance and assistance. For comments and feedback we thank audiences at the 2017 Irish Economics and Psychology Conference, the 2018 Maastricht Behavioural Economic Policy Symposium, the 2018 Research in Behavioural Finance Conference, and an ESRI internal seminar. a. Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin b. Department of Economic, Trinity College Dublin c. Department of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin ESRI working papers represent un-refereed work-in-progress by researchers who are solely responsible for the content and any views expressed therein. Any comments on these papers will be welcome and should be sent to the author(s) by email. Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. Working Paper No. 604 December 2018
The use of online video-based forums for the improvement of suprasegmentals

Este articulo informa los resultados de una investigacion accion con metodos mixtos en donde participaron veintiocho maestros en formacion. Se abordaron tres preguntas de investigacion. 1. En que medida los estudiantes optimizarian sus conocimientos teoricos suprasegmentales despues de participar en actividades de aprendizaje explicito? 2. En que medida los estudiantes mejorarian sus rasgos suprasegmentales despues de participar en actividades comunicativas dentro de un foro en linea basado en videos? 3. Cuales serian las actitudes de los estudiantes con respecto al uso de los foros de discusion basados en videos? Una encuesta, una rubrica y un cuestionario respondieron estas preguntas. Los hallazgos revelaron un crecimiento considerable y significativo del conocimiento teorico suprasegmentario despues de participar en actividades de aprendizaje explicito, una mejora moderada de la pronunciacion despues de participar en actividades comunicativas, asi como tambien actitudes positivas. Se concluye que tanto el enfoque de aprendizaje explicito como las actividades comunicativas son beneficiosos para ensenar los rasgos suprasegmentales y mejorar la pronunciacion. Sin embargo, se recomienda continuar investigando la aplicacion de los suprasegmentos en contextos comunicativos por un periodo mas prolongado. Los resultados podrian tener implicaciones para la ensenanza de fonologia a nivel superior.
The mediating role of innovation between corporate governance and organizational performance: Moderating role of innovative culture in Pakistan textile sector

Abstract The objective behind this research is to determine the influence of board size (BSZ), board independence (BID), board diversity (BDV), board meetings (BM), and a number of board committees (NBCM) on organizational performance with the use of innovation as mediating variable in Pakistan textile companies. Innovative culture uses as a moderating variable between innovation and organizational performance. Data were collected from top management and 550 questionnaires distributed among respondents. Only 407 questionnaires returned back and 384 questionnaires use for final analysis and remaining 23 questionnaires excluded due to missing values. PLS-SEM used for analysis purpose and data collected by using simple random sampling technique. Findings reveal that BSZ and BDV have a positive influence on organizational performance. Despite this, BID, NBCM, and BM have no influence on organizational performance. BSZ, BID, BDV, BM, and NBCM have a significant and positive influence on innovation. Innovation also significantly mediates between independent variables and organizational performance. Innovation has a positive influence on organizational performance. Moreover, innovative culture significantly moderates between innovation and organizational performance. Innovation and innovative culture is an important construct in determining organizational performance. It is beneficial for textile organizations to uses these two constructs in measuring organizational performance through corporate governance.
The role of perceived quality of personal service in influencing trust and satisfaction with banks

Trust is of paramount importance to banks. Previous research has shown that trust increases with repeated personal contacts. We investigate if this applies to the customer-employee relationship in banks. Data from an on-line survey of 293 customers of Swedish retail banks are used to construct indicator measures. By means of structural equation modeling we find that trust in the bank is influenced by perceived quality of personal service through employees’ perceived competence, perceived benevolence, and perceived transparency, and that satisfaction with the bank is influenced by perceived quality of personal service through perceived competence, perceived benevolence, perceived transparency, and trust.
Ecotourism research in India: from an integrative literature review to a future research framework

ABSTRACT Ecotourism is considered a sustainable mode of tourism that provides a solution to two major issues: poverty and biodiversity degradation. This study conducts an integrative literature review on ecotourism in the Indian context to understand the various perspectives through critical analysis and identifying gaps for future research. The study achieves the research aim through two objectives. Initially, the descriptive analysis of the study was undertaken through a classification framework. Second, the study analyses research questions such as (a) what are the positive impacts of ecotourism? (b) what challenges are caused by the slow progression or non-implementation of ecotourism? (c) what measures have been implemented to rectify the challenges? The major themes of 70 studies were categorised and based on the gaps in the literature, a research framework was formulated. Research implications may help in providing guidance and formulating up-to-date research in the area.
A Case Study: Clery Act Policy and Implementation Strategies

ii Dedication . iv Acknowledgments.v List of Tables . xiv Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Problem Statement . 1 Background, Context, and History. 3 Key Clery Act Compliance Details. 4 Geographical location . 4 Reportable crimes . 5 Non-compliance Penalties . 5 Title IV and Title IX . 6 Title IV . 6 Title IX . 6 Conceptual Framework . 7 Topical interest. 7 Relevant literature . 7 Theoretical framework . 8 Purpose . 9 Research Questions . 10 Rationale, Relevance, and Significance . 11 Definition of Terms.12
Insecurity, complexity and uncertainty : investigation of psychological contracts during the global economic crisis

Purpose- The aim of this study is to enhance the understanding of changes in the psychological contracts of individuals during the economic crisis and the processual nature of experience using a sense-making perspective. Design/approach- Three case studies were conducted in three different organisations (Org-Energy, Org-HR and Org-Construction) in three different industries based in India. In total, 31 semi-structured interviews were conducted with leaders and employees in all three organisations to gain insights into their experiences of the changes implemented during the economic crisis. Findings- The findings present a complicated picture of psychological contracts which involve more than mere inducement-contribution exchange. The findings further highlight a range of cognitive, emotional and behavioural responses to change which were partly influenced by the perceived changes in the psychological contract. The findings also point to the role situational contingencies and other factors play in terms of influencing psychological contracts and participants' responses in the context of the economic crisis. The most significant finding of this research is the role the mass media plays in influencing people's perceptions of their psychological contracts, especially during an economic crisis. Research Implications- The findings offer a basis for future research that could explore the role of national cultures, gender, contemporary media, emotional intelligence and personalities, competing commitments and life outside the workplace in evaluating the psychological contracts and people's perceptions of change. Originality- This study provides insights into the role of context in influencing psychological contracts - an area which is under-researched. This study is one of the rare pure qualitative studies being carried out on the psychological contracts held by both parties in the employment relationship during the global economic crisis 2008.
Revisiting the Diverse Empirical Findings on the Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Trade: Some Comparable Evidences from Ghana and Two other Developing Economies

Although theories suggest that exchange rate volatility negatively affect international trade yet empirical studies on this relationship have produced mixed results. Guided by the growing consensus in the literature that empirical results may be sensitive to the class of countries considered as well as the proxy of exchange rate volatility used, this paper empirically examines this relationship for Ghana by augmenting a gravity model (that controls for fixed and events specific effects) with historical volatility forecasts (which are generated using three different estimation techniques). It was observed that between 1980 and 2005, exchange rate volatility did not impact on bilateral trade for Ghana and its trade partners considered. Comparable empirical experiments conducted on Mozambique and Tanzania showed similar relationship between exchange rate volatility and bilateral trade. Evidently these empirical findings present challenges to policymakers. The paper advocates that even though a number of reasons contributed to these observations, yet the overall potential consequences of exchange rate volatility on economic performances via volatility feedback effects, currency problems as well as persistent trade deficits should be of concern to policymakers. The useful policy lessons from the empirical findings may be obvious and debated widely but are relevant more than ever today since most sub-Saharan developing countries are still burdened with persistent external debts, deficits and currency problems even after enjoying a decade of stable and favourable commodity prices between 2000 and 2010.
Presidential Address: Embracing the Secular in our ‘Sacred Scholarly World’

ABSTRACT In this Address, I reflect on the journey of AFAM with regard to its past, present and future. As a new scholarly community, AFAM is called to the sacred society. Its future therefore should be based on the use of the legitimacy associated with that calling to enact its strategic role – facilitating transformation of African societies – by assuming the paramount duty of parrhesia. As a parrhesiatic organization, AFAM has to engage in value-creating practices through its discourses so that it can endow Africans with the right and ability to speak. These value-creating practices are means by which AFAM moves beyond its sacredness to the secular context of Africa. Unlike other scholarly communities, AFAM does not have the luxury of not ‘unliving’ the African challenge; it has a sacred duty to help provide a different and new living to Africans than the one they are currently experiencing.
Modeling Volatility of Exchange Rates Returns in the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market in the Presence of Non-Gaussian Errors

This study investigates volatility behaviour of exchange rates returns of Naira against CFA, Euro, Great British Pounds, US Dollar, West African Unit of Account (WAUA) and Japanese Yen in Nigeria using historical volatility approach as well as symmetric and asymmetric Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models in the presence of non-Gaussian errors. The study utilizes daily quotations of these exchange rates from 12/11/2001 to 04/13/2018 making a total of 4008 observations each. Historical (annualized) volatility approach as well as symmetric GARCH (1,1) and asymmetric EGARCH (1,1) models were used to model the exchange rates return series. Results showed that CFA and USD have the highest and least annualized volatilities (market risk) respectively among the six exchange rates returns as measured by historical approach. The symmetric GARCH (1,1) model showed volatility clustering with evidence of shock persistence in the six exchange rates return series. The asymmetric EGARCH (1,1) model found evidence of asymmetry and leverage effects in the Nigerian foreign exchange market indicating that negative shocks (bad news) generate more volatility than positive shocks (good news) of similar magnitudes. All the estimated models were found to be stationary and mean reverting indicating the predictability and stability of the conditional variances of the foreign exchange rates returns. This result suggests that no matter how high or low the foreign exchange rates shall move in the exchange market, they shall eventually return to their long-run averages. Stationary and mean reverting stocks provide good and long term investment opportunities for investors.
Faces in Motion: Age-Related Changes in Eyewitness Identification Performance in Simultaneous, Sequential, and Elimination Video Lineups

The identiﬁcation performance of children (5 to 6 years, n = 180; 9 to 10 years, n = 180) and adults (n=180) was examined using three types of video lineup procedures: simultaneous, sequential and elimination. Participants viewed a videotaped staged theft and then attempted to identify the culprit from a target‐present or target‐absent video lineup. Correct identiﬁcations in simultaneous and elimination video lineups did not differ as a function of age. The sequential video lineup was associated with a reduction in correct identiﬁcations for both child groups compared with adults. With respect to the target‐absent lineup condition, the video elimination lineup was associated with an increase in correct rejection rates for adult witnesses. Age was also signiﬁcantly associated with accuracy. Differences in correct rejection rates were observed between adults and children and also between the two child groups. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Design, implementation and use of the MIRV experimental compiler for computer architecture research

This dissertation introduces MIRV, an experimental compiler developed for computer architecture research. We discuss the design and implementation of the compiler and use it to conduct studies of various techniques to tolerate memory latency. On the instruction side, a thorough examination of hardware and software prefetching techniques is performed to evaluate their utility on several modern computer designs. Various points of ambiguity in the literature are identified and the consequences of their specification are studied. A framework for describing software instruction prefetching algorithms is developed and extensions to current techniques are analyzed. Previous research has shown that larger data register sets than are currently available in modern microprocessors are desirable. Various extensions to this research are explored to further increase the utility of the register file.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Taiwanese-Funded Information Technology and Electronics Industry Value Chain in Mainland China

The Chinese Mainland has become the largest production base and a major potential market for Taiwan’s information and electronics industry. Thus, studying the spatiotemporal evolution of the Taiwanese-funded information technology and electronics industry in the Mainland from the value chain perspective is necessary. This will help deepen the labor division and collaboration between the cross-strait information technology (IT) and electronics industry for sustainable development. Using Taiwanese investments during 1991–2012 and detailed firm-level data for 1976–2012, this study examines the spatiotemporal trajectory and geographical patterns of the labor division of Mainland China’s Taiwanese-funded IT and electronics industrial value chain from a modular perspective. Based on the characteristics of the modular production process, the Taiwanese-funded IT and electronics firms in Mainland China are divided into four modules—parts manufacturing (PM), key parts manufacturing (KPM), complete machine manufacturing (CMM), and design and marketing (DM). We found that: (1) technology and value witnessed clear stage changes; (2) the PM and CMM modules were more decentralized, and the four modules formed five clusters; and (3) despite an increase, the degree of the four geographical divisions of labor was relatively low. This study offers implications for research and IT policy and electronics enterprises’ production practices.