Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emergency medicine residency selection: factors influencing candidate decisions.

BACKGROUND Published information is limited regarding factors considered by emergency medicine resident candidates when selecting a residency program. OBJECTIVE To identify factors considered important by applicants when making decisions about residency programs. METHODS A self-administered survey questionnaire was mailed to all applicants who interviewed at the authors' emergency medicine residency program for the 2003-2004 match year. RESULTS Surveys were completed by 105 respondents (53% response rate). Factors were rank-ordered by the proportion of respondents who indicated that the factor was "very important" or "important" when selecting residency programs. The five most important factors were friendliness (95%), environment (87%), interview day (81%), academics (76%), and location (74%). Male applicants were more likely to consider the existence of a flight program important or very important (55%), compared with female applicants (33%, p < 0.05, chi-square). Older respondents (over the age of 30 years) were more likely to consider gender issues (16%, compared with 13%) and research (32%, compared with 20%) as important factors (p < 0.05, chi-square). CONCLUSIONS Residency applicants indicated that the most important factors when selecting residency program(s) were friendliness, environment, interview day, academics, and location.
French children's use and correction of weird word orders: A constructivist account

Using the weird word order methodology (Akhtar, 1999), we investigated children's understanding of SVO word order in French, a language with less consistent argument ordering patterns than English. One hundred and twelve French children (ages 2;10 and 3;9) heard either high or low frequency verbs modelled in either SOV or VSO order (both ungrammatical). Results showed that: (1) children were more likely to adopt a weird word order if they heard lower frequency verbs, suggesting gradual learning; (2) children in the high frequency conditions tended to correct the ungrammatical model they heard to the closest grammatical alternative, suggesting different models activated different grammatical schemas; and (3) children were less likely to express the object of a transitive verb than were English children in an equivalent study, suggesting object expression is more difficult to master in French, perhaps because of its inconsistency in the input. These findings are discussed in the context of a usage-based model of language acquisition.
Pedagogy and Processes for a Computer Programming Outreach Workshop—The Bridge to College Model

This paper describes a model for computer programming outreach workshops aimed at second-level students (ages 15-16). Participants engage in a series of programming activities based on the Scratch visual programming language, and a very strong group-based pedagogy is followed. Participants are not required to have any prior programming experience. An empirical evaluation was undertaken to evaluate to what extent the model was successful in: (1) giving the participants a deeper understanding of what studying a computing degree and working in the computing profession entails; and (2) increasing their interest in pursuing a third-level qualification in a computer-related area.
Multi-hop coverage extension of an IEEE 802.11b WLAN in a corporate environment

In this paper, we propose to extend the coverage of IEEE 802.11b cells in indoor environments thanks to the multihop concept. By adding some relay nodes to the cell, that do not need to be connected to the wired network, it is shown that we can overcome the rapidly decreasing signal strength in an office environment, reduce the number of dead spots, and so drastically reduce the number of access pointsper unit area. Monte Carlo simulation results are provided for a practical corporate environment. In the presented scenario, the expected covered area is tripled thanks to relay nodes. Simulations also show a cellular capacity increase (CCI) thanks to link adaptation (LA) exceeding 6. A general method for the computation of the carrier to interference ratio (CIR) in a multi-hop cloud is presented. A modelization of the joint probabilitydensity function (pdf) related to the received power and the CIRs for each physical (PHY) modes is also proposed.
Incidence and associated factors of deep vein thrombosis in Thai surgical ICU patients without chemoprophylaxis: one year study.

BACKGROUND Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major problem in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients, especially in Western countries. However; because the incidence of DVT in Asia ICU is lower, chemoprophylaxis (i.e., anticoagulant) is not routinely utilized. The aim of the present study was to identify the incidence and associated factors of DVT in Thai surgical ICU (SICU) patients without chemoprophylaxis. MATERIAL AND METHOD SICU patients admitted between June 2011 and July 2012 were screenedfor lower extremity DVT using doppler ultrasonography. Stepwise logistic regression was performed to identify associated factors for the development of DVT. RESULTS Three hundred andfive patients were included in the study, 174 were male (57%) and 131 were female (43%), with ages ranged from 15 to 99 years (mean 62.8 years). Eleven patients had DVT identified (DVT rate 3.6%), two of these had symptomatic pulmonary embolisms. The associated factors for the development of D VT were prior history of venous thromboembolism (p < 0.001, OR 34.3, 95% CI 14.6-80.5), orthopedics group (p < 0.001, OR 27.2, 95% CI 5.2-142.1), and female (p = 0.034, OR 14.3, 95% CI 1.7-102.5). CONCLUSION The incidence of D VT in Thai SICU patients was 3.6%. Further study is required to identify method and effectiveness of DVT prophylaxis in Asian ICU patients.
Racial and ethnic differences in hypertension risk: new diagnoses after age 50.

OBJECTIVES Our study examines the differences in estimated risk of developing hypertension in Whites, Blacks, and Mexican-Americans aged > or = 50 for a period of 11 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data came from 9,259 respondents who reported being hypertension-free at the baseline in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with up to five time intervals (1998-2006). Discrete-time survival models were used to analyze ethnic variations in the probability of developing hypertension. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Estimated odds of developing hypertension. RESULTS The risk of newly diagnosed hypertension increased between 1995 and 2006 for HRS participants aged > or = 50. After adjusting for demographic and health status, the probability of incident hypertension among Black Americans was . 10 during the period of 1995/96-1998, which increased steadily to . 17 in 2004-2006, with cumulative incidence over the 11-year period at 51%. In contrast, among White Americans the risk was . 07 during 1995/96-1998 and . 13 in 2004-2006, with cumulative incidence at 43%. For Mexican-Americans, the probability also increased from . 08 during 1995/ 96-1998 to . 14 during 2004-2006, with cumulative incidence at 42%. CONCLUSIONS Relative to White and Mexican-Americans, Black Americans had an elevated risk of incident hypertension throughout the 11-year period of observation. These variations persisted even when differences in health behaviors, socioeconomic status, demographic, and time-varying health characteristics were accounted for.
Oxidative Stress and Novel Antioxidant Approaches to Reduce Diabetic Complications

In 1995, the International Diabetes Federation estimated the prevalence of diabetes to be approximately 135 million patients worldwide. More recently in 2010, it was estimated that around 285 million people were diabetic and this number is predicted to reach 438 million by 2030, accounting for 7.7% of the population aged 20-79 (Shaw et al 2010). However, despite greater knowledge of the disease, approximately one-third of people with diabetes remain undiagnosed. Although intensive blood glucose and blood pressure control have reduced the risk of diabetes-associated microvascular (nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (atherosclerosis), diabetes remains a major risk factor for cardiovascular complications, cardiomyopathy, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), blindness and neuropathy. There is therefore an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and/or halt the progression of diabetic complications.
Differential stimulation of ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells: A modeling study

A model of the electrophysiological properties of ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was constrained and validated using experimental data from the literature. Our simulations support experimental findings that differences in the magnitude of the T-type Ca2+ current explain differences in the intrinsic electrophysiology of ON and OFF RGCs. The models are used to investigate the potential for differential stimulation of ON and OFF RGCs during neuroprosthetic stimulation with sinusoidal current. The model predicts that OFF cells fire preferential over ON cells in a frequency band around 10 Hz.
Age and sex as factors influencing Plasmodium berghei infections in intact and splenectomized rats.

14 to 17* 32 15.2 + 0.19 98.5? 0.41 30/32 (94) 17.0? 0.23 21.5? 0.11 30 24 29.2? 0.24 15.0 + 0,60 93.7? 1.27 24/24(100) 15.9? 0.60 11 66.5 + 5.40 17.3? 1.51 76.1? 7.79 7/11 (64) 21.6? 1.24 28.5? 3.13 22 120.2? 2.50 8.0? 0.36 8.2? 2.31 6/22 (27) 10.1? 0.25 20.5 + 0.82 114 18 187.0? 7.29 8.3 + 0.77 5.9+1.66 6/18 (33) 10.3 + 1.05 25.3? 2.56
Considerations for Recommending Extended Use and Limited Reuse of Filtering Facepiece Respirators in Health Care Settings

Public health organizations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), are increasingly recommending the use of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) in health care settings. For infection control purposes, the usual practice is to discard FFRs after close contact with a patient (“single use”). However, in some situations, such as during contact with tuberculosis patients, limited FFR reuse (i.e., repeated donning and doffing of the same FFR by the same person) is practiced. A related practice, extended use, involves wearing the same FFR for multiple patient encounters without doffing. Extended use and limited FFR reuse have been recommended during infectious disease outbreaks and pandemics to conserve FFR supplies. This commentary examines CDC recommendations related to FFR extended use and limited reuse and analyzes available data from the literature to provide a relative estimate of the risks of these practices compared to single use. Analysis of the available data and the use of disease transmission models indicate that decisions regarding whether FFR extended use or reuse should be recommended should continue to be pathogen- and event-specific. Factors to be included in developing the recommendations are the potential for the pathogen to spread via contact transmission, the potential that the event could result in or is currently causing a FFR shortage, the protection provided by FFR use, human factors, potential for self-inoculation, the potential for secondary exposures, and government policies and regulations. While recent findings largely support the previous recommendations for extended use and limited reuse in certain situations, some new cautions and limitations should be considered before issuing recommendations in the future. In general, extended use of FFRs is preferred over limited FFR reuse. Limited FFR reuse would allow the user a brief respite from extended wear times, but increases the risk of self-inoculation and preliminary data from one study suggest that some FFR models may begin to lose effectiveness after multiple donnings.
Effects of malathion on survival, growth, development, and equilibrium posture of bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana)

Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles were exposed to malathion in water in a 28‐d static renewal test. The effects of malathion on survival, growth, development, and loss of equilibrium posture were determined. Survival was significantly decreased at malathion concentrations of 2,500 μg/L and higher. Development of tadpoles was delayed significantly by malathion exposure as indicated by a dose‐related decrease in developmental stage over time. Development of tadpoles in the 1,000‐μg/L and higher treatment groups was significantly delayed from that observed in the control. The effects of malathion on developmental stage suggest that malathion may decrease thyroid function in tadpoles, as it does in other species. Maintenance of equilibrium posture following agitation of the test containers was significantly impaired in tadpoles in all the malathion treatment groups (500 to 3,000 μg/L) relative to the control. Maintenance of equilibrium posture was thus the most sensitive end point measured in this study. Loss of equilibrium posture could increase predation losses and decrease feeding in populations of bullfrog tadpoles in the field. However, concentrations of malathion that produced adverse effects in our study are higher than published, measured concentrations found in wetlands or streams.
Long-lived excitons in GaN/AlN nanowire heterostructures

GaN/AlN nanowire heterostructures can display photoluminescence (PL) decay times on the order of microseconds that persist up to room temperature. Doping the GaN nanodisk insertions with Ge can reduce these PL decay times by two orders of magnitude. These phenomena are explained by the three-dimensional electric field distribution within the GaN nanodisks, which has an axial component in the range of a few MV/cm associated to the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization, and a radial piezoelectric contribution associated to the shear components of the lattice strain. At low dopant concentrations, a large electron-hole separation in both the axial and radial directions is present. The relatively weak radial electric fields, which are about one order of magnitude smaller than the axial fields, are rapidly screened by doping. This bidirectional screening leads to a radial and axial centralization of the hole underneath the electron, and consequently, to large decreases in PL decay times, in addition to luminescence blue shifts.
Beyond War and Peace: A Reappraisal of the Encounter between Christianity and Science

On a December evening in 1869, with memories of civil war still fresh in their minds, a large audience gathered in the great hall of Cooper Union in New York City to hear about another conflict, still taking its toll—“with battles fiercer, with sieges more persistent, with strategy more vigorous than in any of the comparatively petty warfares of Alexander, or Caesar, or Napoleon. ” Although waged with pens rather than swords, and for minds rather than empires, this war, too had destroyed lives and reputations. The combatants? Science and Religion.
The impacts of product market competition on the quantity and quality of voluntary disclosures ∗

This study examines how firms’ voluntary disclosure decisions are influenced by the product market competition. Using separate measures to capture different dimensions of competition, I show that competition from potential entrants increases disclosure quantity while competition from existing rivals decreases disclosure quantity. I also find that competition enhances disclosure quality mainly through reducing the optimism in profit-forecasts and reducing the pessimism in investment-forecasts. Moreover, I find that the above association is less pronounced for industry leaders, consistent with industry leaders facing less competitive pressures than industry followers.
Overexcitement and Disinhibition

In alcohol withdrawal, abnormalities occur in a number of neurotransmitter systems: there is reduced inhibitory function, and increased activity of excitatory systems. The former, indicated by reduced GABA and alpha-2-adrenoceptor activity, acts in conjunction with, and is exacerbated by, the latter, which itself may be due to the potentiation of NMDA activity by depletion of magnesium, and overactivity of catecholaminergic and CRF neurones. These dysfunctions produce immediate effects and may also contribute to the long-term changes in brain excitability by a kindling-like process. It is possible that early and active treatment may oppose this process. Present strategies for treatment of alcohol withdrawal enhance GABA and alpha-2 inhibitory, or reduce excitatory, mechanisms. Future possibilities include the use of CRF and/or NMDA antagonists.
MYB58 and MYB63 Are Transcriptional Activators of the Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway during Secondary Cell Wall Formation in Arabidopsis[C][W]

It has previously been shown that SECONDARY WALL–ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN PROTEIN1 (SND1) is a key transcription factor regulating secondary cell wall formation, including the biosynthesis of cellulose, xylan, and lignin. In this study, we show that two closely related SND1-regulated MYB transcription factors, MYB58 and MYB63, are transcriptional regulators specifically activating lignin biosynthetic genes during secondary wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. MYB58 and MYB63 are phylogenetically distinct from previously characterized MYBs shown to be associated with secondary wall formation or phenylpropanoid metabolism. Expression studies showed that MYB58 and MYB63 are specifically expressed in fibers and vessels undergoing secondary wall thickening. Dominant repression of their functions led to a reduction in secondary wall thickening and lignin content. Overexpression of MYB58 and MYB63 resulted in specific activation of lignin biosynthetic genes and concomitant ectopic deposition of lignin in cells that are normally unlignified. MYB58 was able to activate directly the expression of lignin biosynthetic genes and a secondary wall–associated laccase (LAC4) gene. Furthermore, the expression of MYB58 and MYB63 was shown to be regulated by the SND1 close homologs NST1, NST2, VND6, and VND7 and their downstream target MYB46. Together, our results indicate that MYB58 and MYB63 are specific transcriptional activators of lignin biosynthesis in the SND1-mediated transcriptional network regulating secondary wall formation.
The Nucleic Acid Binding Activity of Bleomycin Hydrolase Is Involved in Bleomycin Detoxification

ABSTRACT Yeast bleomycin hydrolase, Gal6p, is a cysteine peptidase that detoxifies the anticancer drug bleomycin. Gal6p is a dual-function protein capable of both nucleic acid binding and peptide cleavage. We now demonstrate that Gal6p exhibits sequence-independent, high-affinity binding to single-stranded DNA, nicked double-stranded DNA, and RNA. A region of the protein that is involved in binding both RNA and DNA substrates is delineated. Immunolocalization reveals that the Gal6 protein is chiefly cytoplasmic and thus may be involved in binding cellular RNAs. Variant Gal6 proteins that fail to bind nucleic acid also exhibit reduced ability to protect cells from bleomycin toxicity, suggesting that the nucleic acid binding activity of Gal6p is important in bleomycin detoxification and may be involved in its normal biological functions.
Increased numbers of Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells in gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma.

AIM To determine the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in gastric mucosa of patients with gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of gastric antrum biopsy specimens from healthy controls (n = 22) and patients with gastritis (n = 30), peptic ulcer (n = 83), or gastric cancer (n = 32). Expression of CD4, CD25 and Foxp3 was determined by immunohistochemistry in three consecutive sections per sample. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, there was an increased number of CD25(+) and Foxp3(+) cells in patients with gastritis (P = 0.004 and P = 0.008), peptic ulcer (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), and gastric cancer (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). The ratio of CD25(+)/CD4(+) or Foxp3(+)/CD4(+) cells was also significantly higher in all disease groups (P < 0.001, respectively). The number of CD4(+), CD25(+), and Foxp3(+) cells, and the ratio of CD25(+)/CD4(+) and Foxp3(+)/CD4(+) cells, were associated with the histological grade of the specimens, including acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, lymphoid follicle number, and Helicobacter pylori infection. The number of CD4(+), CD25(+) and Foxp3(+) cells, and the ratio of CD25(+)/CD4(+) and Foxp3(+)/CD4(+) cells, were negatively associated with intestinal metaplasia among gastritis (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.002 and P = 0.002) and peptic ulcer groups (P = 0.013, P = 0.004, P < 0.001, P = 0.040 and P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Tregs are positively associated with endoscopic findings of gastroduodenal diseases and histological grade but negatively associated with intestinal metaplasia in gastritis and peptic ulcer groups.
Emmprin, a cell surface inducer of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is expressed in T‐cell lymphomas

Degradation of the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a crucial step in tumour invasion and metastasis. In human carcinomas, tumour cell–fibroblast interactions (TFIs) have been demonstrated to play a role in the up‐regulation of MMP levels in tumours, and emmprin is a surface molecule on tumour cells that stimulates nearby fibroblasts to produce MMP‐1, 2, and 3. T‐cell lymphomas frequently show extranodal organ involvement and skin invasion, but a role for TFIs in their invasion has not been examined in detail. This study investigated TFIs in T‐cell lymphomas with special reference to emmprin expression and MMP production. Immunohistochemically, only germinal centre cells and some histiocytes expressed emmprin in non‐neoplastic lymph nodes (ten cases), while all T‐cell lymphomas [14 cases of adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL), six cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma, seven cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and nine cases of angio‐immunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma] expressed emmprin strongly and diffusely. FACS analysis of peripheral blood from normal individuals revealed that small fractions of B‐cells, T‐cells, and monocytes expressed emmprin, whereas emmprin‐expressing T‐cells were much increased in number, and expressed this protein to a higher level, in ATLL patients. In vitro co‐cultures of emmprin‐positive HTLV‐1‐transformed lymphocytes (MT‐2) and emmprin‐negative human fibroblasts enhanced the production of pro‐MMP‐2 (gelatinase A) and active MMP‐2, compared with cultures of either cell type alone. This stimulation was inhibited by an activity‐blocking peptide against emmprin. Moreover, in histopathological sections from patients with ATL skin involvement, MMP‐2 was demonstrated in fibroblasts around infiltrating ATL cells, but not in fibroblasts in non‐diseased areas. In conclusion, emmprin is overexpressed by T‐lymphoma cells, when compared with normal counterparts, and facilitates MMP‐2 production via interactions with fibroblasts, which could play a role in stromal invasion by lymphoma cells. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segmentación Del Perfil De Enoturista En La Ruta Del Vino Del Marco De Jerez-Xérès-Sherry

Las motivaciones y actitud de los turistas en la actualidad estan permitiendo el desarrollo de nuevos destinos y productos que permiten satisfacer las nuevas demandas de los viajeros. En este articulo presentamos una investigacion centrada en el analisis de las motivaciones para realizar la segmentacion del perfil de enoturista que vista la Denominacion de Origen Jerez-Sherry, que anualmente recibe alrededor de 500.000 visitas. La investigacion se basa en un trabajo de campo realizado dentro de las propias bodegas mediante encuestas realizadas a los turistas. Los principales resultados de la investigacion permiten presentar una tipologia del turista que visita dicha zona y definir las principales motivaciones para hacerlo.