Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teacher-child talk about learning stories in New Zealand: a strategy for eliciting children’s complex language

ABSTRACT Researchers and teachers explored a new form of teacher–child interactions in two early childhood settings as a means of eliciting complex language. The primary mode of assessment in New Zealand early childhood education takes the form of ‘learning stories’ that teachers write, with photos, and that are collected into a portfolio book. Eight teachers revisited 11 children’s learning story portfolios in semi-naturalistic interactions in the early childhood setting. The resulting 20 interactions were first coded for whether teachers adopted a reminiscing orientation (11 interactions) or a book-reading orientation (9 interactions). Second, a linguistic analysis of the interactions revealed that in the reminiscing interactions, children talked more, used more complex utterances, and exhibited greater lexical diversity; in the book-reading interactions, teachers used longer conversational turns and more complex utterances. This paper discusses the potential of revisiting learning stories in early childhood settings within and beyond New Zealand.
ESL Learners’ Interaction in an Online Discussion via Facebook

This study aims to investigate ESL learners’ participation in an information-sharing task conducted via Facebook (FB) groups and their feedback on the use of FB groups as the platform for the activity. An intact group of 31 learners taking a communication course at a public university participated in the study. Data analysed in this paper were derived from a threaded online discussion and an open-ended questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis showed the learners’ substantial contribution to the group discussion despite their limited language ability and technical problems. Thematic analysis revealed that the use of FB as a platform for the information-sharing task received very positive feedback from the participants, thus suggesting it would be a promising virtual tool and environment to promote interaction in English learning. More activities using FB groups should be assigned for learners to practice and use communicative language. Promoting awareness of available online tools and modelling effective use of the tools are suggested to help enhance learners’ online interactions.
The Experiences of Development Practitioners and Challenges in Community Engagement in Laos

Poverty alleviation is a top priority of the global development agenda. Laos is still on the list of Least Developed Countries as measured by the United Nations. Poverty in the Lao context is socially and culturally unique. The Government of Laos works collaboratively with development partners and non-governmental organisations to overcome poverty through development programmes throughout the country. However, the universal development and poverty definitions, including the development and poverty interventions which are influenced by such definitions, do not necessarily match the local contexts and practices. This thesis examines development practice and community engagement in the Lao context through exploring experiences and perspectives of development practitioners who have worked in and engaged with community development in Laos. The thesis adopts a qualitative approach, drawing upon a social constructivist epistemology and a postcolonial framework. Semi-structured interviews, a form of qualitative methodologies, were employed for data collection. The interviews involved thirteen participants from both governmental and non-governmental organisations, and included both local development workers and expatriates. The focus of interviews was to investigate experiences of and opinions about their development practice and community engagement in Laos. The findings reveal that development practice in Laos requires sufficient time to understand and learn about communities and their actual problems. Development discourses have conceptualised understandings associated with development and this has shaped how governments, donors, development partners, policymakers and development practitioners perceive mainstream development. The conceptualisation was mainly influenced by Western ideologies and was undeniably a legacy of colonialism. Participatory development approaches have been recommended by all research participants as one of the most effective approaches to bring about success and long-term sustainability. The findings also suggest that participation is required from the beginning of the development process, including in problem analysis, planning, monitoring and evaluating stages. In short, a sense of belonging and ownership needs to be present throughout the entire process of development. Furthermore, it is important for development practitioners to thoughtfully recognise and reflect critically on their roles as to whether they are insiders or outsiders when working on the ground. This can determine development outcomes. This research recommends local people be employed more to work as part of development projects in their own communities. By using these approaches, community development can be more effective and meaningful in a sustainable manner and truly respond to the real needs of communities. This can also contribute to a new phase of participatory development practice.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Among Pregnant Women Seeking Antenatal Care, Solomon Islands (2016)

Introduction: Violence against women by partners during pregnancy is a major public health concern. As there is no studies done in the Solomon Islands to date on the prevalence of Intimate partner violence (IPV) specifically in the pregnant population, this study is aimed to understand the prevalence and characteristics of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) among pregnant women seeking antenatal care, Solomon Islands (2016). Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the National Referral Hospital (NRH) in Solomon Islands. Data was collected in 2016 using a valid questionnaire. A purposive sampling was used. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used in health facilities after participants approval. Participants were given an open invitation and those who volunteered to take part in the study were provided with a participant information sheet. Written informed consent was obtained before administration of the questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS and the results were shown in table and graph. Results: 242 women met the study criteria. Participants’ age ranged from 16 to 44 years with a mean of 28 years. 55% have had one or more pregnancy and 222 (92%) had their antenatal booking in the second or third trimester. Out of the total participants, 136 (56%) reported experiencing IPV in pregnancy. The prevalence of emotional, sexual and physical IPV was 45%, 33% and 17% respectively. The results also showed that 92% of women who reported experiencing violence in the current pregnancy didn’t received any form of counseling. Conclusion: Demographic characteristics of participants and also high prevalence of IPV as shown in this study highlight this issue as an urgent health priority for the policy makers and health decision makers. Using the results of this study to develop an interventional study can be suggested.
Teachers’ Readiness to be Leaders and its Relationship with Students’ Engagement in the Classroom

This study aims to examine the relationship between teachers’ to be leaders and pupils’ engagement in the classroom. A total of 142 primary school teachers are chosen as respondents and questionnaire set is used as the instrument to collect data. The collected data are analysed by using descriptive statistics. The findings show that the level of teachers’ readiness to become leaders and the pupils’ engagement is relatively high with means score value for each is 4.02 and 4.05 respectively. The result of the t-test analysis provides indication that there is a significant mean difference of teachers’’ willingness to become leaders based on gender; whereby, female teachers are more willing to become leaders compare to the male teachers. The findings of the correlations test also show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the teachers’ readiness to become leaders factor and pupils’ engagement in the classroom factor. In terms of implications, this study provides a suggestion that teachers should be prepared to be leaders to improve pupils’ engagement in the classroom. Hence, teachers training session must embed leadership elements in the education structure in the effort to build knowledge, skill and confidence to lead while in teaching.
Electrical breakdown in the microscale: Testing the standard theory

We present breakdown voltage measurement data in air taken with a technique we have recently developed and present calculations that show that the common assumption that one protrusion is responsible for the observed current is not warranted. The data suggest that below 10μm of electrode separation the dominant effect is field emission of electrons. Analyzing the data in that regime, using the theory of standard field emission and field amplification on the surface of a conductor, we come to a prediction about the geometry of the surface protrusions on the electrodes. We look for these protrusions using an atomic force microscope. We find several reasons why the standard theory does not appear to explain our data and conclude that the standard theory is not sufficient.
A geometric curvature double integral of Menger type for space curves by

We consider rectifiable closed space curves for which the energy Ip( ) := Z Z 1 infzR p (x;y;z) dH 1 (x)dH 1 (y); p 2; is finite. Here, R(x;y;z) denotes the radius of the smallest circle passing through x;y; and z. It turns out that Ip is a self-avoidance energy (curves of finite energy have no self-intersections). For p > 2, we study regularizing eects of Ip: we prove that the arclength parametrization of a curve with Ip( ) <1 is everywhere dierentiable, and its derivative, 0 , is Holder continuous with exponent 1 2=p. Moreover, we obtain compactness results for classes of curves with uniformly bounded Ip energy, and briefly discuss their variational applications.
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPROACHES TO A QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION RISK IN SERANG WATERSHED, KULONPROGO, INDONESIA

This research aims to determine the risk of soil erosion qualitatively by integrating remote sensing with the geographic information system. Factors that contributed to the occurrence of erosion in the area of study were analyzed using the method of the variation of combined input data of the factors controlling erosion (soil, climate, topography, vegetation, and humans). The input data were quantitative data changed into qualitative data that were obtained from field data and extracted from remote sensing imagery, i.e. SPOT 5. A number of parameters were calculated using the RUSLE model equation. The model was validated by observing the qualitative erosion indicators in the field (pedestal, tree root exposure, armor layers, rill erosion, and gully erosion) by observing slope steepness in each sample area. The area of study was Serang watershed located in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta. It is one of the critically potential watersheds viewed from the landform and land use. The results of various combinations generated the highest of accuracy by 90.57 % with extremely erosion dominating the area of study. The factors with the highest contribution to erosion in Serang Watershed were slope length and steepness (LS) and erodibility (K).
Productivity Growth and Patterns of Industry Location Without Scale Effects

This paper investigates the relationship between geographic patterns of economic activity and productivity growth in a two region model of trade and endogenous growth without scale effects. At the core of the model is the production and in-house innovation activities of manufacturing firms and, in a world of transport costs, imperfect knowledge dispersion and perfect capital mobility, these activities are located independently in the region that provides the lowest associated cost. In contrast to the existing literature, we remove scale effects by shifting the focus from aggregate research and development activity to innovation at the level of individual product lines and find that although industry concentration raises the level of product variety, it reduces the rate of productivity growth so that the pace of economic growth is highest when industry is equally dispersed across regions. We also study the effects of greater economic integration between regions and find that increases in the freeness of trade and the level of knowledge dispersion both have negative effects on productivity growth while raising the level of product variety. These opposing effects for growth and product variety lead to mixed results for the impacts of economic integration on regional welfare.
Basaltic diversity at the Apollo 12 landing site: Inferences from petrologic examinations of the soil sample 12003

A detailed petrologic survey has been made of 17 basaltic chips (sized between 1 and 10 mm) from the 12003 soil sample as part of an ongoing study of basaltic diversity at the Apollo 12 landing site. An attempt has been made to classify these samples according to the well‐established grouping of olivine, pigeonite, ilmenite, and feldspathic basalts. Particular attention has been paid to variations in major, minor, and trace element mineral chemistry (determined by electron microprobe analysis and laser ablation ICP‐MS), which may be indicative of particular basaltic suites and less susceptible to sampling bias than bulk sample characteristics. Examples of all three main (olivine, pigeonite, and ilmenite) basaltic suites have been identified within the 12003 soil. One sample is identified as a possible new addition to the feldspathic suite, which currently consists of only one other confirmed sample. Identification of additional feldspathic basalts strengthens the argument that they represent a poorly sampled basaltic flow local to the Apollo 12 site, rather than exotic material introduced to the site by impact mixing processes. Three samples are identified as representing members of one or two previously unrecognized basaltic suites.
Rate and Mechanism of Reduction-Dissolution of Chromite in Liquid Slags

Abstract The dissolution of chromite from the Bushveld Complex of South Africa in liquid slags was studied in the temperature range 1550° to 1665°C under argon gas. The slag compositions were similar to those of ferrochromium production and stainless steel making. Empirical relations between the slag composition and the dissolution of chromite were established through the use of a statistical model. The dissolution process was investigated by using the rotating cylinder technique and measured by the chemical analysis of the samples taken from the melt and the SEM-EDAX analysis of the reacted chromite cylinder samples. The chromite grains were depleted in iron and chromium as the dissolution progressed, leaving behind an alumina and magnesia rich spinel. The experimental data was evaluated by using kinetic models and mass transfer coefficients of chromium, iron and oxygen ions through the phase boundary between the solid chromite cylinder and the liquid slag were determined. The dissolution of chromite in liquid slags increases with increasing stirring rate. SEM-EDAX studies on the reacted chromite cylinders showed that coring took place within the chromite grains subjected to dissolution for sufficient length of time. Chromium and iron concentrations in the chromite were decreasing from the centre towards the surface of the grains while aluminum and magnesium contents were increasing at the edges compared to the centre of the chromite grains. Furthermore, the slag rich in alumina and magnesia diffuses in bulk into the chromite with a net result of increase in the concentration of these elements. The rate of dissolution of chromite in liquid slags was found to be controlled by the mass transfer of oxygen ions (O2−) through the liquid phase boundary between the solid chromite and the liquid slag. The activation energy for the mass transfer of O2− ions was calculated as 30.61 kCal/mol (128.07 kJ/mol).
Wavefront-based inverse electrocardiography using an evolving curve state vector and phenomenological propagation and potential models

We report on an initial study of a state-space model for propagation of the activation wavefront on the heart surface. The activation wavefront was modeled as a curve evolving on the heart surface with the evolution governed by factors derived from a priori data, including anisotropy, along with study of epicardial measurements. The body-surface potential / wavefront relationship is modeled via an intermediate mapping of wavefront to epicardial potentials, again derived from data and prior physiological factors. This design avoids the over-smoothing of Tikhonov solutions and is capable of flexible inclusion of physiological information, including fiber orientation, in the model. Initial results show improvements in reconstructing activation wavefront with respect to the Tikhonov solution, especially at early activation times.
The Influence of Internal Control on the Employment Status of German Workers

Objective: Using data from the 1994-1996 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), this prospective, longitudinal study investigated the influence of perceived control on the employment transitions of German workers. Specifically, this research investigated whether perceived control is predictive of involuntary job loss among high-tenure (≥ 3 years) workers; the experience of job displacement affects subsequent perceived control; and perceived control influences reemployment among the displaced workers. Methods: Perceived control was measured by an index based on responses to 8 statements from the Questionnaire of Control Beliefs. Job displacement was defined as the loss of a permanent (tenure ≥ 3 years) job due to a plant closing or layoff. The study sample (n = 2539) included 127 displaced workers and a comparison group of 2412 continuously employed workers. Logistic regression models were used to estimate whether perceived control predicted subsequent job loss. Least squares regression was used to analyze the relationship between job displacement and changes in perceived control. Relative risk regression was used to assess the impact of perceived control on reemployment and unemployment duration. Results: Our results do not indicate a statistically significant association between predisplacement perceived control and subsequent job loss. We further found perceived control to be relatively stable, and unaffected by the experience of job loss. However, among those who experienced involuntary job loss, higher perceived control was associated with reemployment within 3 months (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.16, 2.30) and within 6 months (RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03, 1.86) following job loss. Conclusion: Understanding the determinants of reemployment can help identify displaced workers who may be at increased risk for prolonged unemployment and related negative health consequences.
Kalman filters for assimilating near-surface observations into the Richards equation – Part 3: Retrieving states and parameters from laboratory evaporation experiments

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of a dual Kalman filter procedure in retrieving states and parameters of a one-dimensional soil water budget model based on the Richards equation, by assimilating near-surface soil water content values during evaporation experiments carried out under laboratory conditions. The experimental data set consists of simultaneously measured evaporation rates, soil water content and matric potential profiles. The parameters identified by assimilating the data measured at 1 and 2 cm soil depths are in very good agreement with those obtained by exploiting the observations carried out in the entire soil profiles. A reasonably good correspondence has been found between the parameter values obtained from the proposed assimilation technique and those identified by applying a non-sequential parameter estimation method. The dual Kalman filter also performs well in retrieving the water state in the porous system. Bias and accuracy of the predicted state profiles are affected by observation depth changes, particularly for the experiments involving low state vertical gradients. The assimilation procedure proved flexible and very stable in both experimental cases, independently from the selected initial conditions and the involved uncertainty.
Socialization Processes toward Children and Adolescents for Developing Empathy, Sympathy and Prosocial Behaviors

This chapter addresses the socialization processes for the development of empathy, sym- pathy and prosocial behaviors in children and adolescents. Democratic or authoritative socialization practices contribute to prosocial development. Parental support, warmth and sensitivity, parental induction and inductive reasoning, parental demandingness and control have been associated with empathy, sympathy and behavior in children and adolescents. Parental warmth/responsiveness can develop a secure attachment between the parent and the child. Securely attached children tend to be responsive to parental controls and more eager learners and prosocial during the socialization process. Parents may foster behavior in children by modeling and concerning for the needs of others. Parents may induce perspective-taking, empathy and sympathy in their children and adolescents by pointing out the beneficial or harmful consequences of their actions through inductive reasoning and explanations. Parental inductive reasoning and explanations can lead to empathy-based guilt in them by highlighting consequences of the devi- ating behavior in the children and adolescents for the victim. Children and adolescents can attend to and care about parental messages, internalize prosocial values of their parents, socialize to acquire prosocial behavior when parents behave warmly, responsively and supportively and use inductive reasoning and explanations for their children and adolescents in socialization practices.
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM - SUSTAINABILITY BEYOND LIGHT GLOBES AND WATER BUCKETS?

This paper presents a methodology in an attempt to address the lacuna between the scale of unsustainability described in the literature – and the initiatives employed by designers and the general public to reduce their ecological impact. For example, ‘if every Australian household switched to renewable energy and stopped driving their cars tomorrow, total household emissions would decline by only about 18%’ [1, p. 291] - How can design identify and engage in the remaining 82% of emissions? The methodology was developed for an ongoing industry project to reduce the ecological impact of aged care delivery. The methodology makes connections between the objective approach of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in identifying the source of greatest impact, and creative problem solving by designers to reduce the impact within a service industry. The methodology is completed in three phases. I: holistic streamlined LCA to identify where the source of greatest impact is, II: participatory design ideation workshops to identify and develop potential solutions, and Finally III: sustainability action plan, to identify immediate solutions for implementation and a longer term strategy to significantly reduce resources and emissions. At the time of publication phase I has been completed – This methodology addresses the conference’s themes by connecting the disciplines of engineering (LCA) and product design. Aspects of the methodology are unique as they originated as tools for design education, and have developed into tools for industry applications.