Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Symptoms, Bronchitis, and Ventilatory Capacity in Random Sample of an Agricultural Population

Measurement of disease in industry necessitates suitable controls. A comparison of miners and ex-miners,with non-miners of similar age living in the same neighbourhood has been made (Higgins et al., 1956). In that comparison it is possible that our controls may have been affected by the industrial environment of the mining community to some extent, and accordingly any deleterious effect of mining on health may have been underestimated. We have tried to assess the importance of the environment by studying an agricultural community. This paper gives an account of a survey of respiratory symptoms in a random sample of the inhabitants of the Vale of Glamorgan. The Vale of Glamorgan is an undulating plain, about 200 feet (60 metres) above sea level, of unspoilt agricultural land lying 15 miles (24 km.) west of Cardiff, between the South Wales coalfield in the north and the Bristol Channel in the south. The rainfall is about 40 inches (1 metre) per annum and the average temperatures for January and June are 41 and 58° F. (5 and 14.4° C.) respectively. The area is exceptionally free from atmospheric pollution, and only the strip bordering the coast is subject to winter mists. During the summer of 1955 Cochrane conducted a survey of the population living in a geographically defined area of the Vale (Cochrane et al., 1956). This
Performance of a new needle for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy in patients with pancreatic solid lesions: A retrospective multicenter study

Background and Objectives: Procurement of tissue core biopsy samples may overcome some of the limitations of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration. We aimed at assessing the safety, histological sample procurement yield, and diagnostic accuracy of a newly available histology needle. Materials and Methods: Data from consecutive patients with pancreatic solid lesions who underwent EUS-fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) using the 22-gauge Acquire™ needle were retrospectively retrieved from four tertiary care centers database. Results: Fifty-nine patients (mean age 68 ± 12 years; male/female 29/30) with pancreatic solid lesions underwent EUS-FNB using the 22-gauge Acquire™ needle. The biopsy was done transgastrically in 22 (37.3%) patients and transduodenally in 37 (62.7%) cases. A mean of 2.8 ± 0.45 needle passes per lesion site were performed, without any major complication. A tissue core biopsy sample for histological evaluation was obtained in 55 (93.2%) cases. In the additional four cases, the specimen obtained resulted adequate for cytological evaluation. Considering malignant versus nonmalignant disease, sensitivity, specificity, negative likelihood ratio, positive likelihood ratio, and diagnostic accuracy were 98.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.6–99.7), 100% (95% CI, 43.6–100), 0.018 (95% CI, 0.003–0.125), 295.6 (95% CI, 0–9.3 × 1010), and 98.3% (95% CI, 94.9–100), respectively. Conclusions: EUS-FNB using the 22-gauge Acquire™ needle is able to reach a very high procurement yield and diagnostic accuracy. Large prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate the utility of this newly developed needle.
Auditory Recency in Immediate Memory

Six experiments investigated the locus of the recency effect in immediate serial recall. Previous research has shown much larger recency for speech as compared to non-speech sounds. We compared two hypotheses: (1) speech sounds are processed differently from non-speech sounds (e.g. Liberman & Mattingly, 1985); and (2) speech sounds are more familiar and more discriminable than non-speech sounds (e.g. Nairne, 1988, 1990). In Experiments 1 and 2 we determined that merely varying the label given to the sets of stimuli (speech or non-speech) had no effect on recency or overall recall. We varied the familiarity of the stimuli by using highly trained musicians as subjects (Experiments 3 and 4) and by instructing subjects to attend to an unpracticed dimension of speech (Experiment 6). Discriminability was manipulated by varying the acoustic complexity of the stimuli (Experiments 3, 5, and 6) or the pitch distance between the stimuli (Experiment 4). Although manipulations of discriminability and familiarity affected overall level of recall greatly, in no case did discriminability or familiarity alone significantly enhance recency. What seems to make a difference in the occurrence of convincing recency is whether the items being remembered are undegraded speech sounds.
A Wavelet-Neural Network for the Estimation of Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Caspian Sea

Monitoring of vast water bodies, including internal and external waters, is an important issue which is commonly performed by remote sensing as the most economical technology. In this field, the concentration of chlorophyll-a, as a critical water quality index, has attracted most research attentions. In this paper, wavelet neural network are proposed for the estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration in Caspian Sea from multi-date MODIS product MYDOCGA.These networks are evaluated from both aspects of estimation accuracy as well as response stability and are also compared to the classical perceptron neural networks (PNN). In addition, different features are examined as the network input parameters including all the 9 MODIS product MYDOCGA bands, different subsets of these bands and also PCA(Principal Component Analysis) bands in different number. The results, which are obtained and validated based to 55 filed observed samples, proves the effectiveness of WNN (Wavelet Neural Network) in comparison to classical neural networks. The best RMSE=0.07 of these networks reveals that remote sensing can accurately replace field observations to produce thematic maps of water quality parameters provided that appropriate processing techniques are applied.
ORAL SUPPLEMENTATION OF PUTRESCINE AND L-GLUTAMINE ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, IMMUNITY, INTESTINAL ENZYMES IN THE BROILER CHICKENS

Day old broiler chicks (150 Nos) were randomly allotted to five treatment groups with three replicates of ten chicks each and reared up to 42 d for assessing the effect of putrescine and L-glutamine supplementation on the intestine development. Putrescine and L-glutamine were orally supplemented at 0%(T 1 ), putrescine 0.05%(T 2 ), putrescine 0.1% (T 3 ), L-glutamine 0.5%(T 4 ), and L-glutamine 1%(T 5 ) from day 1 to 7 after hatch. The 0.5% glutamine administration increased the body weight significantly (P<0.05) at the end of 42 day. However, the feed efficiency among the different treatment groups not changed at sixth week. The immune response of the broiler chicks was assessed on 28 th and 35 th d by injecting 1 ml of 0.25% sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in thigh and breast muscle on 14 th and 21 st d of age. Immunity against SRBC was not influenced by the oral feeding of putrescine and Lglutamine. The jejunal and ileal pH was significantly (P<0.05) reduced at 14 d of age and tryptic activity (P<0.05) was higher both at 2 and 3 weeks of age in all the treatment groups compared to control. Lipase activity was not influenced by putrescine and L-glutamine. Disaccharidases activity was higher in L-glutamine fed groups than other groups. It could be concluded that oral supplementation of putrescine and L-glutamine promoted the gut enzymes and thus increased the body weight in broiler chickens.
Cue abstraction and exemplar memory in categorization.

In this article, the authors compare 3 generic models of the cognitive processes in a categorization task. The cue abstraction model implies abstraction in training of explicit cue-criterion relations that are mentally integrated to form a judgment, the lexicographic heuristic uses only the most valid cue, and the exemplar-based model relies on retrieval of exemplars. The results from 2 experiments showed that, in lieu of the lexicographic heuristic, most participants spontaneously integrate cues. In contrast to single-system views, exemplar memory appeared to dominate when the feedback was poor, but when the feedback was rich enough to allow the participants to discern the task structure, it was exploited for abstraction of explicit cue-criterion relations.
HIV drug resistance detected during low-level viraemia is associated with subsequent virologic failure

Background:The clinical implications of emergent HIV drug resistance on samples with low-level viraemia (LLV <1000 copies/ml) remain unclear. We undertook the present analysis to evaluate the impact of emergent HIV drug resistance at LLV on the risk of subsequent virologic failure. Methods:One thousand, nine hundred and sixty-five patients had genotype results at LLV. Risk of virologic failure (≥1000 copies/ml) after LLV was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression. Resistance was assessed using the Stanford algorithm or virtual phenotypes. Patients were grouped into four susceptibility categories (’GSS’ or ‘vPSS’) during LLV, corresponding to the number of ‘active’ drugs prescribed: <1; 1–1.5; 2–2.5; and ≥3. Results:A total of 1702 patients with follow-up on constant therapy were eligible for analysis. Participants excluded due to changing therapy or loss to follow-up before their next observation had mostly similar characteristics to included participants. There was a ‘dose-dependent’ increase in the hazard ratio for virologic failure with susceptibility categories at LLV. Compared with a GSS of at least 3, hazard ratios for virologic failure were 1.4 for GSS 2–2.5; 2.0 for GSS 1–1.5; and 3.0 for GSS less than 1 (P < 0.001). Numerous sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings. Conclusion:Our results demonstrate that emergent HIV drug resistance at LLV is strongly associated with subsequent virologic failure. Furthermore, we uncovered a ‘dose-dependent’ increase in the hazard ratio for virologic failure with decreasing GSS estimated at the time of LLV. On the basis of these findings, we propose that resistance genotyping be encouraged for HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy experiencing low-level viraemia.
Possible states in the flow around two circular cylinders in tandem with separations in the vicinity of the drag inversion spacing

The possible states in the flow around two identical circular cylinders in tandem arrangements are investigated for configurations in the vicinity of the drag inversion separation. By means of numerical simulations, the hysteresis in the transition between the shedding regimes is studied and the relationship between (three-dimensional) secondary instabilities and shedding regime determination is addressed. The differences observed in the behavior of two- and three-dimensional flows are analyzed, and the regions of bistable flow are delimited. Very good agreement is found between the proposed scenario and results available in the literature.
Tuberculin skin test: operational research in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE To investigate operational aspects of tuberculin skin test (TST) use in tuberculosis control programs and at specialized Brazilian National Sexually Transmitted Diseases/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Program health care clinics in priority municipalities for tuberculosis control in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, epidemiological survey. Data on qualifications/training of professionals administering TSTs, timing of the TST, procedures in cases of loss to follow-up (reading), material availability, and material storage were collected through interviews and technical visits. For the 2008-2009 period, we determined the numbers of screenings in vulnerable populations, of TSTs performed, and of patients treated for latent tuberculosis. RESULTS We interviewed 12 program managers in six municipalities. Some programs/clinics did not perform TSTs. Nursing teams administered the TSTs, results were read by non-specialists, and specialization/refresher courses were scarce. The PPD RT23 was stored in 5-mL flasks under appropriate conditions. Insulin syringes were commonly used. Testing was available during business hours, three times a week. In cases of loss to follow-up, telephone calls or home visits were made. Of the 2,305 TSTs evaluated, 1,053 (46%) were performed in indigenous populations; 831 (36%) were screenings in prisons, performed for training; and only 421 (18%) involved contacts of tuberculosis patients or vulnerable populations. Four vulnerable patients and 126 indigenous subjects were treated for latent tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS These priority municipalities showed operational difficulties regarding human resources, materials, and data records.
The Effects of a Family Fitness Program on the Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviors of Third-Grade Children

This study examined the efficacy of a school-based exercise and nutrition program with a parent component. Third-grade children (N = 238) from six elementary schools participated in the study, with three schools randomly assigned to a program group and the other three schools to a control group. The program group received a health-related fitness school-based program and a home program that required parents and children to complete activities and earn points for nutrition and exercise activities. The control group received their traditional physical education and nutrition education program. Univariate analysis of variance on pre- and posttest scores were completed on the following variables: height, weight, body mass index, skinfold, blood cholesterol, mile run, exercise and nutrition knowledge, calories, protein, carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, fiber, sodium, percentage of calories from carbohydrates, and percentage of calories from fat. At pretest, the treatment and control groups did not significantly differ on the measures using schools as the unit of analysis. Girls scored significantly higher than boys on skinfold and pretest knowledge. At posttest, the treatment group scored significantly higher than the control group on exercise and nutrition knowledge and significantly lower than the control group on total fat intake, using schools as the unit of analysis. There was no improvement in physiological measures, including blood cholesterol. The study demonstrated that schools can adjust curriculum to meet some health needs of students and achieve modest changes in exercise and nutrition knowledge and diet. The family component of the program provided a practical approach to improving physical activity and nutrition behaviors for elementary school teachers who teach many participants in a crowded curriculum.
Malnutrition, zinc supplementation and catch‐up growth: changes in insulin‐like growth factor I, its binding proteins, bone formation and collagen turnover

objective Zinc may be a limiting factor in restricting catch‐up growth in severely malnourished children. This study had two aims: (i) to examine the effect of different zinc supplementation regimens on IGF‐I, its binding proteins and on markers of bone and collagen turnover in severely malnourished children and (ii) to investigate mechanisms underlying catch‐up growth by examining changes in these markers during nutritional rehabilitation, their inter‐relationships and their relationships with ponderal and linear growth.
[Alexithymia and anger in women with fibromyalgia syndrome].

OBJECTIVE Fibromyalgia syndrome is characterized by both somatic and psychic symptoms and it is suggested that psychic factors contribute to the clinical presentation of this syndrome. This study was planned to have a better understanding of fibromyalgia through elaborating the role of alexithymia and anger in the pathogenesis of this illness. METHOD The study was carried out in the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic with 101 women with fibromyalgia syndrome, 30 women with rheumatoid arthritis and 59 healthy women with no current or past medical history. The subjects were evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 items, Spielberger State-Trait Anger Inventory, Beck Depression Scale, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and a sociodemographic data form. RESULTS All these groups were similar to each other in means of age, years of education, marital and economical status. In the fibromyalgia syndrome group, the scores of anxiety and anger-in were calculated significantly higher than other groups. The depression and alexithymia scores were found higher than healthy group. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that fibromyalgia patients suffer more anxiety and anger toward oneself, which is anger-in, than rheumatoid arthritis patients. Though the patient groups were more alexithymic than the healthy group, alexitimia scores of the two patient groups were not different. This situation suggest that anger-in, which is suppressed and unexpressed anger style is a part of the fibromyalgia syndrome together as well as high anxiety.
Adam Smith Meets an Index of Specialization in International Trade

Development economists agree that increasing export diversification is a concomitant to economic development. An accepted explanation for Africa’s export stagnation is its dependence on monoculture, and on small number of commodities. Recently a large body of literature focuses on the relationship between economic growth and export specialization. However, there does not exist one generally acceptable measure or index for the concept of “Specialization in International Trade”. This paper suggest one such measure for specialization and its theoretical and conceptual framework are developed and applied to Singapore, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Tunisia and Morocco, during the years of their take offs.
Behavior of eye-movement-related cells in the vestibular nuclei during combined rotational and translational stimuli.

1. Secondary position-vestibular-pause (PVP) neurons in the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) pathway of adult rhesus monkeys were studied during combined semicircular canal and otolith stimulation. The head was rotated at 0.5 Hz with the axis of rotation centered between the otolith organs (on-axis, ON) and with the axis of rotation 23 cm in front of the otoliths (off-axis, OFF). Both conditions were tested with two different vergence angles by the use of 14-cm (near target, NT) and 100-cm (far target, FT) targets. 2. The tangential translational stimulus to the otoliths in the OFF trials should result in a compensatory eye movement that is opposite in direction to that resulting from the angular stimulus to the canals. The otolith stimulus should be great enough to reverse the eye movement response in the NT OFF trials according to geometric calculations. This reversal in eye movement direction occurred as expected although the latency of the reversal (70 ms) was somewhat greater than expected and the magnitude of the reversal was less than predicted solely on the basis of geometric considerations. 3. The responses of the PVP neurons were corrected for eye position sensitivity to investigate the head movement response components. The amplitude of the response in 22 of 24 PVP cells was reduced in the NT OFF condition compared with the FT OFF condition. This difference was not sufficient in itself to explain the observed reversal in eye movement response. 4. The average sensitivities of the neurons to rotation during the FT and NT ON trials were 1.38 and 1.41 spikes.s-1.deg-1.s-1, respectively. This is too small an increase to account for the increase in the angular VOR gain with near targets (approximately 25%); therefore cells other than PVP neurons must be responsible. 5. The average sensitivities of the PVP neurons to translational accelerations obtained from the FT and NT OFF trials were 305 and 484 spikes.s-1.g-1, respectively, which is higher than most otolith afferent sensitivities reported for 0.5-Hz stimuli in the literature. The otolith component is modified by ocular convergence (59% increase in sensitivity), but this increase is too small to account for the change in the translational VOR gain between the two conditions. 6. Although recordings were only obtained from seven eye-head-velocity cells, the results indicate that these neurons may provide the additional signals not present in the PVP cells. These neurons exhibited large differences between ON and OFF rotations and were found to substantially increase their modulation during the NT conditions compared with that observed during the FT conditions.
New Rhinophyma Severity Index and Mid-Term Results following Shave Excision of Rhinophyma

Background: Rhinophyma is a progressive nasal deformity resulting from hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands and connective tissue, with a negative effect on quality of life. Partial-thickness shave excision has been used for the treatment of rhinophyma, but the mid- and long-term efficacy of the treatment is unknown. Objectives: We analysed the clinical outcomes of shave excision in patients with rhinophyma in our centre between 2005 and 2009. Methods: The entire nose was shaved using a scalpel while under tumescent anaesthesia. The clinical assessment was scored using a novel Rhinophyma Severity Index. Results: Thirty-three patients with rhinophyma and shave excision were recruited for the study. A mid-term follow-up examination was possible in 23/33 (69.7%) patients. After a mean follow-up of 37.4 ± 13.2 months, 21 (91.3%) patients showed an improved Rhinophyma Severity Index (3.3 ± 1.1 to 1.7 ± 0.9, p < 0.0001). All patients reported a high level of satisfaction after surgery (excellent or good result). Eleven (47.8%) patients developed rhinophyma recurrence. Conclusion: Shave excision under tumescent anaesthesia is an effective treatment for rhinophyma. The treatment is associated with high patient satisfaction and minimal side effects. A possible recurrence of rhinophyma must be addressed, however, while obtaining informed consent.