Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiographic Relationship of the Origin of the Bronchial Arteries to the Left Main Bronchus

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the relationship of the left main bronchus to the bronchial arteries is a reliable radiographic landmark for accurate catheterization of the right and left bronchial arteries. Sixty-six bronchial angiograms and chest radiographs in 43 patients were reviewed. The relationship of the tip of the catheter during initial bronchial angiography (used as the point of bronchial arterial origin) and the radiolucent shadow of the left main bronchus in patients with and without radiographic evidence of anatomic distortion caused by pulmonary disease was categorized into three groups: within the shadow of the left main bronchus, near the left main bronchus, and far from the left main bronchus. The origin of the right and left bronchial arteries was within or near the shadow of the left main bronchus in 94% of bronchial angiograms performed in patients with and without distorted thoracic anatomy. The most frequent location was within the shadow of the left main bronchus. The left main bronchus can be used as a reliable reference point for catheterization of the right or left bronchial arteries in patients with and without thoracic anatomic distortion.
Short-Term Contrarian Profits in the Kuwait Stock Market

This paper examines whether there is an existence of a short-term contrarian profits at the firms in Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSX). The role of return seasonality is also investigated. This article documents strong evidence for the short-term contrarian strategy in the Kuwait stock exchange. The result of this study finds that the short-term contrarian profits for the Kuwait firm market cannot be explained by January effect. Finally, this paper shows a strong symmetry between the winner and loser portfolios.
A Mouse Model of Orthotopic Vascularized Aerated Lung Transplantation

Outcomes after lung transplantation are markedly inferior to those after other solid organ transplants. A better understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to lung graft injury will be critical to improve outcomes. Advances in this field have been hampered by the lack of a mouse model of lung transplantation. Here, we report a mouse model of vascularized aerated single lung transplantation utilizing cuff techniques. We show that syngeneic grafts have normal histological appearance with minimal infiltration of T lymphocytes. Allogeneic grafts show acute cellular rejection with infiltration of T lymphocytes and recipient‐type antigen presenting cells. Our data show that we have developed a physiological model of lung transplantation in the mouse, which provides ample opportunity for the study of nonimmune and immune mechanisms that contribute to lung allograft injury.
The brain’s response to reward anticipation and depression in adolescence: dimensionality, specificity and longitudinal predictions in a community-based sample

Objective: The authors examined whether alterations in the brain’s reward network operate as a mechanism across the spectrum of risk for depression. Second, they tested whether these alterations are specific to anhedonia as compared to low mood, and predictive of depressive outcomes. Method: Functional MRI was used to collect BOLD responses to anticipation of reward in the Monetary Incentive Task from 1,576 adolescents of a community-based sample. Adolescents with current and future subthreshold depression and clinical depression were compared to healthy controls in matched comparisons. In addition, BOLD responses were compared across adolescents with anhedonia, low mood, or both symptoms, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Results: Activity in the ventral striatum was reduced in subthreshold- and clinical-depression compared to healthy controls. Low ventral striatum activation predicted transition to subthreshold or clinical depression in previously healthy adolescents at two-year follow up. Brain responses during reward anticipation decreased in a graded manner between healthy adolescents, adolescents with current or future subthreshold depression and those with current or future clinical depression. Low ventral striatum activity was associated with anhedonia but not low mood; however, the combined presence of both symptoms showed the strongest reductions in ventral striatum in all analyses. Conclusions: Reduced striatal activation operates as a mechanism across the risk spectrum for depression. It is associated with anhedonia in healthy adolescents, a behavioural indicator of positive valence systems, consistent with predictions based on the RDoC.
Modulation of nephrin in the diabetic kidney: association with systemic hypertension and increasing albuminuria

Objective Nephrin, a cytoskeletal protein which localizes to the slit pore of podocytes, may play a role in proteinuria. This study examines the possible relationship between nephrin expression and albuminuria in normotensive and hypertensive diabetic rats. Methods Streptozotocin diabetes was induced in both Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Diabetic and control animals were sacrificed and the kidneys obtained after 8, 16 and 24 weeks. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria were also measured. Glycaemic control was assessed by measurement of plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Nephrin gene expression was quantitated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and localized by in situ hybridization. Nephrin protein expression was localized by immunohistochemistry and quantitated. Results Following a transient rise at 8 weeks in the diabetic SHR (P < 0.05 versus control SHRs), nephrin gene expression, as determined by real-time PCR, was significantly decreased at 16 and 24 weeks (P < 0.05 versus control SHRs). In situ hybridization confirmed similar changes in nephrin gene expression, which were confined to the glomeruli. This reduction in glomerular nephrin gene expression was associated with increasing albuminuria at 16 and 24 weeks in diabetic SHRs. There were no significant changes in nephrin gene expression, either by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or in situ hybridization, observed in normotensive diabetic WKY rats, in the context of much less albuminuria in this group. Immunohistochemistry for nephrin protein revealed a greater depletion in renal nephrin content in SHR than in WKY rats after 24 weeks of diabetes. Conclusion Reduction in renal nephrin gene and protein expression is closely associated with the development of albuminuria, as observed in an experimental model of diabetes and hypertension.
Current practice in the treatment of hyperlipidaemias

Primary and secondary prevention trials for coronary heart disease (CHD) in hyperlipidaemic or so-called ‘normolipidaemic’ patients with drugs affecting lipid metabolism have clearly confirmed that even slight alterations in lipoprotein metabolism are major risk factors for CHD. The global cardiovascular risk must be determined before deciding to treat patients with drugs affecting lipid metabolism. Screening for dyslipidaemia consists of determining cholesterol (C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) plasma levels and the decision to treat depends mainly on LDL-C plasma levels. Furthermore, secondary dyslipidaemia must be diagnosed and primary disease must be adequately treated. There are four classes of available lipid-regulating drugs: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), bile acid sequestrants (resins), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) activators (fibrates) and nicotinic acid. All four will be discussed in this review. Clinical trials have shown that drugs improving lipid metabolism reduce CHD relative risk from 24% (secondary prevention) to 37% (primary prevention) and the absolute risk from 2% (primary prevention) to 8.5% (secondary prevention). These studies indicate that the number of patients needed to be treated to economise one clinical event ranges from 12 (secondary prevention) to 50 (primary prevention). Clinical trials are currently testing the hypothesis that ‘lower LDL-C is better’.
and hemorrhage in neonatal piglets

Our objective was to study the development of experimental brain ischemia and hemorrhage by real-time optical imaging. Optical imaging is based on the ability of near infrared light to non-invasively penetrate through the intact scalp and skull and measure brain concentrations of oxyand deoxyhemoglobin, dominant brain absorbers. Optical imaging was performed in 7 anesthetized, instrumented, and ventilated newborn piglets subjected to the injection of 0.3 cc of saline followed by 2 cc of blood into the left frontal subcortical brain reJ. Perinat. Med. 27 (1999) mated depth of 121.5 cm. These results are consistent with the previously reported detection thresholds of 0.05 cc of blood obtained with a different continuous wave imager and a 16 2 source 2 9 2 detector optical probe used in a similar blood injection piglet model [18]. The results are also consistent with the detection threshold of 3 mm at a depth of 2 cm, and 1 cm at a depth of 5 cm obtained with a time-of-flight imager in pathologic brain specimens [21] and human newborns [11, 12]. Although the spatial resolution of optical imaging is intrinsically limited by multiple scattering to several millimeters [11], a finer distribution and higher density of sourcedetector pairs would reduce the pixel size and increase the resolution of optical images. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on realtime optical imaging. The acquisition rate of 5.26 images per sec that we used for this study allowed for real-time imaging of the developing brain hemorrhage, ischemia, and reperfusion with high temporal resolution. Previously reported acquisition times of 5 sec [18], 126 hours [11, 12], or even 1 to 3 days per image [21] were far too slow to allow for real-time imaging. Realtime information would be particularly important in neonatal settings where acute events are the focus of our attention, and where the images can be degraded by motion artifacts. Although this work demonstrates the potentials of optical imaging, significant research and development is anticipated before this technique becomes a useful clinical tool. This research is important now when a wide variety of therapeutic strategies are in use aiming to reduce perinatal neurological morbidity and mortality [14]. Monitoring of their efficacy, and side effects on cerebral perfusion and oxygenation, would be very important. gion via a needle inserted through the skull with stereotactic guidance. The image-acquisition rate of 5.26 images per sec allowed for real-time imaging. The detection threshold of the imager at the estimated depth of 121.5 cm was , 70 mL for saline and , 40 mL for blood. The imager readily detected five subcortical hematomas and two large bilateral subarachnoid hemorrhages. The imager detected a global decrease in brain absorption associated with the volume-injection-related increase in intracranial pressure in the surrounding ipsiStankovic et al, Real-time optical brain imaging 285 lateral and contralateral brain. Any decrease in brain absorption is an equivalent to brain ischemia. This study demonstrates the capability of optical imaging in detect
A novel antimicrobial agent from the leaves of Peltophorum vogelianum (Benth.)

The methanolic extract of the leaves of Peltophorum vogelianum (Caesalpiniaceae) afforded a new phytoconstituent, 2-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-1(7,8-dihydroxyethylene)-8-β-D-glucuropyranoside named as peltophorumyl-β-D-glucuropyranoside (5), along with four known phytoconstituents, 1-pentatriacontanol (1), friedelin (2), β-sitosterol (3) and β-sitosterol-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), which have not been isolated previously from this plant. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and physical evidence (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC and MS). Moreover, compound 5 showed significant antimicrobial activity.
Identification of different depressive symptoms after mastectomy

Women with breast cancer are more likely to suffer from depression than women who do not have breast cancer [1]. In breast cancer patients, the rates of depression vary between 1% and 50% [2], with significant differences found when compared to a control group [3]. Previous research has shown the opposite, however, observing that patients who have had mastectomies do not have higher levels of depression [4]. The variability in these results could be because of the heterogeneity of the scales used, which makes determining the types of symptomatology of depression included somewhat confusing. Some authors divided the symptoms of depression into two categories by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II: cognitive-affective, which includes sadness and feelings of failure, and motivational-somatic, which covers symptoms such as a loss of energy and fatigue [5]. Therefore, it seems appropriate to attempt to evaluate whether, in this group of patients, there is a prevalence of specific symptoms of depression, based on the model of two differentiated categories, with the aim of a better understanding and henceforth an improvement in therapeutic treatment during the period of adjustment. Furthermore, trait anxiety could be a predictor of depression in these patients [6]. We set the following objective: to determine whether there are differences in relation to depression between a group of breast cancer survivors who have had a mastectomy and a control group. Subsequently, we divided depression into two categories of symptoms: motivational-somatic and cognitive-affective, and evaluated the differences between the two groups. Finally, we considered the extent to which trait anxiety can be a precursor of the symptoms of both categories and of depression. Method
Comparing responsiveness of the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand and the upper limb functional index.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to measure clinical change in persons with upper extremity (UE) musculoskeletal conditions and to determine if the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) or the Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI) was a more responsive outcome tool. The objective was to select one tool that was responsive and practical for the occupational therapy (OT) setting. PARTICIPANTS Participants were patients (N=27) who had musculoskeletal conditions, were age 18 years or older, and received outpatient OT. METHODS Participants received standard OT treatment for UE musculoskeletal conditions, completing the ULFI and QuickDASH at evaluation and discharge. RESULTS Paired t-tests showed significant change of 25.1 points in the QuickDASH and 23.6 points in the ULFI. Work module showed significant change of 26.2 points. CONCLUSIONS The QuickDASH was a more responsive tool compared to the ULFI. Participants made significant improvements in work performance as measured by the QuickDASH Work Module. Large effect sizes and standardized response means of the QuickDASH and the ULFI change scores showed both tools were responsive outcome measures for individuals with musculoskeletal conditions. Although the QuickDASH was more responsive, therapists preferred the ULFI as an efficient outcome measure with client-centered goals.
Dynamic Analysis of Cascaded Laser Power Converters for Simultaneous High-Speed Data Detection and Optical-to-Electrical DC Power Generation

We analyze the dynamic behaviors of a novel device, i.e., cascaded high-speed laser power converters (LPCs), which can detect the direct-current (dc) component of an incoming high-speed optical data stream and efficiently convert its dc component to dc electrical power. By utilizing a p-type photoabsorption layer in our LPC, the problem of slow-motion holes can be eliminated, and only the electrons act as the active carriers. We can thus achieve high-speed performance with the LPC under forward-bias operation with a small electric field inside. Furthermore, according to our modeling and measurement results, there are a significant alternating-current capacitance reduction and an electron-trapping effect at the interface between the absorption and collector layers with a significant degradation in the carrier drift velocity. These become more serious with the increase in optical pumping power and forward-bias voltage and truly limit the net optical-to-electrical (O-E) bandwidth of the device. In order to overcome such a transient-time-limited bandwidth and further increase the maximum dc output voltage of the LPC, we connect two single LPCs in series (cascade). Error-free data detection of 10-Gb/s and an O-E dc power-generation efficiency of 21.1% can be achieved simultaneously at a wavelength of 850 nm by the use of such two cascaded LPCs.
Down‐regulation of pigment epithelium‐derived factor in uveitic lesion associates with focal vascular endothelial growth factor expression and breakdown of the blood‐retinal barrier

Spontaneous equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is an incurable autoimmune disease affecting the eye. Identifying biological markers or pathways associated with this disease may allow the understanding of its pathogenesis at a molecular level. The vitreous is the body fluid closest to the disease‐affected tissue and possibly also an effector of pathological processes relevant for ERU. Surgical removal of vitreous leads to cessation of relapses in spontaneous uveitis of both man and horse, therefore vitreous composites are likely to contribute to disease progression. Uveitic vitreous is likely to contain potential biomarkers in relatively undiluted quantities. With the goal to identify these markers, we systematically compared vitreous from healthy and disease‐affected eyes by proteomic profiling. Nine differentially expressed proteins were identified, that are functionally related to immune response, inflammation, and maintenance of the blood‐retinal barrier. One of these, pigment epithelium‐derived factor, a protein involved in maintaining a proper blood‐retina barrier as well as protecting from neoangiogenesis was additionally found to be down‐regulated within uveitic retinal lesions whereas, conversely, vascular endothelial growth factor was found to be up‐regulated at these sites. Together, these changes point to as of yet undiscovered biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease.
Influence of AQP 1 on cell adhesion , migration and tumor sphere formation 1 in malignant pleural mesothelioma is substratum and histological type 2 dependent

Influence of AQP1 on cell adhesion, migration and tumor sphere formation 1 in malignant pleural mesothelioma is substratum and histological type 2 dependent 3 4 Rajesh M. Jagirdar, Eleni Apostolidou, Paschalis Adam Molyvdas, 5 Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis, Chrissi Hatzoglou, Sotirios G. Zarogiannis 6 7 8 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 9 BIOPOLIS, Larissa, 41500, Greece 10 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 11 BIOPOLIS, Larissa, 41500, Greece 12 13 14 Running Title: AQP1 influence on MPM cell phenotypes 15 16 17 *Corresponding author: 18 Sotirios G. Zarogiannis, Ph.D., M.P.H. , Environmental Pleural & Lung Diseases 19 Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 3 20 Panepistimiou Str. , BIOPOLIS, Larissa 41500, Greece. Tel: +3
Epithelial abnormalities in chronic corneal edema: a histopathological study.

THE CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE SUPERFICIAL CORneal disorder called Cogan's microcystic, anterior basement membrane, or map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy (MDFD) have been discussed extensively in the literature. 1-16 Histopathologic abnormalities reported in this disease spectrum include corneal epithelial reduplication, ectopic intraepithelial segments of epithelial basement membrane material, and devitalized cells entrapped within intraepithelial pseudocystic spaces. In 1962 DeVoe2 reported histopathological findings in a case of fingerprint dystrophy found in a patient who had absolute glaucoma and bullous keratopathy. In his discussion of DeVoe's paper at the American Ophthalmological Society, Wadsworth stated that these findings were quite similar to those found in bullous keratopathy. DeVoe replied that he had observed no similar findings in a review of histologic sections from 40 cases ofbullous keratopathy. However, other authors have reported histopathologic epithelial abnormalities in Fuchs' dystrophy which appear identical to those reported in MDFD.17,18 In our experience, such epithelial abnormalities are encountered frequently during routine histopathologic evaluation of corneas undergoing penetrating keratopathy for chronic edema and bullous keratopathy. To determine the frequency of MDFD-like epithelial abnormalities in chronically edematous corneas, we reviewed microscopic sections from 100 consecutively accessioned corneas diagnosed histopathologically as Fuchs' dystrophy or pseudophakic/aphakic bullous keratopathy (PBK/ABK). Our review confirmed that these epithelial abnormalities are very common and disclosed several possible mechanisms that could be responsible for their formation.
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Explanatory Variable (ARIMAX) Model for Thailand Export

This paper considers a univariate time series model to forecast Thailand exports to major trade partners. The main question is whether the explanatory variable, i.e. trade partners’ leading indicator, help improving forecasting performance. Specifically, we compare integrated autoregressive moving average (ARIMA) and ARIMA with explanatory variable. We find that for exports to China, European Union (27 countries) and the United State, the ARIMA model with leading indicator outperforms the ARIMA model. Moreover, at the Thailand Ministry of Commerce, the practitioners try to forecast the disaggregated export by commodities for each export destination then they combined those series for the country’s export forecast. We called this approach “indirect” forecast but we suspect that whether this procedure provides more accurate forecast than modeling the aggregate countrys export, called “direct” forecast. From our rolling out-of-sample forecasts, we find that the indirect forecasts do not outperform the direct forecasts in all trade partners considered.
Shutoff of HeLa cell protein synthesis by encephalomyocarditis virus and poliovirus: a comparative study

Previous experimental results have suggested that poliovirus and encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus employ very different mechanisms for shutting off host protein synthesis. However, this conclusion is suspect, inasmuch as different cell types were used for the two viruses; hence the apparent mechanistic differences might be specific for cell type and not virus type. To test this possibility we compared shutoff mechanisms in poliovirus- and EMC virus-infected HeLa cells. Striking differences were seen: poliovirus-induced shutoff was much more rapid and extensive than that induced by EMC virus; relative translation rates of certain host proteins were inhibited to different extents by the two viruses; initiation factors prepared from poliovirus-infected cells were specifically defective for translation of capped mRNA's in vitro, whereas those from EMC virus-infected cells were not. These results indicate that EMC virus and poliovirus employ different mechanisms for the shutoff of HeLa cell protein synthesis. This conclusion is consistent with much earlier work and indicates that many differences previously reported are specific to virus type.