Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The three‐way DNA junction is a Y‐shaped molecule in which there is no helix‐helix stacking.

We have studied the structure of a number of three‐way DNA junctions that were closely related in sequence to four‐way junctions studied previously. We observe that the electrophoretic mobility of the species derived by selective shortening of one arm of a junction are very similar whichever arm is shortened, and that this remains so whether or not magnesium is present in the buffer. This suggests that the angles subtended between the arms of the three‐way junctions are similar. All thymine bases located immediately at the junction are reactive to osmium tetroxide, indicating that out‐of‐plane attack is not prevented by helix‐helix stacking, and this is also independent of the presence or absence of metal cations. The results suggest that the three‐way junction cannot undergo an ion‐induced conformational folding involving helical stacking, but remains fixed in a Y‐shaped extended conformation. Thus the three‐ and four‐way junctions are quite different in character in the presence of cations.
Velopharyngeal Function from the Age of Three to Eight Years in Cleft Palate Patients

The purpose of this investigation was to study changes of velopharyngeal function between the ages of 3 and 8 years. The subjects were 65 (30 girls and 35 boys) Finnish-speaking non-syndromic children with isolated cleft palate (CP, n = 35) and with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP, n = 30) operated primarily at the age of 1.0–2.0 years. Before the age of 8 years, 16 children required velopharyngoplasty (VPP, ad modum Hoenig). The children were followed up for speech at the age of 3, 6 and 8 years. The perceptual speech characteristics nasal air emission, hypernasality, weakness of pressure consonants and compensatory articulations were registered. Indications for a velopharyngeal flap (by VPP) were identified on the basis of perceptual speech characteristics and confirmed by instrumental examinations. The results indicated that the method and timing of primary palatoplasty and sex did not correlate with the quality of velopharyngeal function. It was good both in children treated conservatively or with VPP at the age of 8 years. The children with a flap required speech therapy significantly more often than other children. No child with VPP and only 12% of the children without VPP had simultaneous nasal air emissions and hypernasality. Compensatory articulation was completely eliminated and weakness of pressure consonants was diagnosed only in 1 child without VPP. The CP children required significantly more often a velopharyngeal flap than the UCLP children. In conclusion, the CP and UCLP children develop a similar velopharyngeal function but in a different way.
Practical recommendations for the management of children with Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) in a resource limited setting

Treatment recommendations for endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in settings with only minimum requirements for curative treatment (PODC setting 1) are described. The reported cure rate for endemic BL is usually <50%. Facilities within setting 1 differ. Three treatment schedules are proposed based on: (1) when accurate staging is not possible, (2) when staging is possible and for (3) relapses and poor responders to primary therapy. A literature review and personal experience were used to formulate the recommendations. Recorded 1‐year event free survival was 48% for treatment 1, 61% for treatment 2, and 35% for the rescue treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 357–362. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimum ventilation systems and their effects on the initial stage of turkey production

This study aimed at evaluating the live performance of turkeys during the initial stage of production (1-26 days of age) and to map the environmental variables inside turkey houses, such as temperature, relative humidity, CO 2 concentration, at two distinct minimum ventilation systems. House 1 (H1) was equipped with a negative-pressure ventilation system and House 2 (H2) was equipped with a positivepressure ventilation system. This study was performed in commercial poultry houses, located in Francisco Beltrao, Parana, Brazil, in June, 2008. A number of 14,000 turkeys toms at the same age, provided by the same local hatchery and were housed at a stocking density of 23 birds m -2 . Three 13 m 2 boxes with 300 turkeys each were placed inside the poultry houses. All treatments were assigned for the birds inside each of the three boxes. The poultry barns were virtually divided in eight equally distributed in areas where the environmental variables were recorded. The performance parameters measured were weight gain, feed conversion and mortality rate, recorded weekly. Analysis of variance and F-tests were performed to compare results within different environmental conditions, using MINITAB 14 statistical software. The ventilation systems did not significantly influence CO 2 concentrations (p = 0.489), whereas temperature (p = 0.016) and relative humidity (p = 0.0001) and feed conversion (p = 0.001) were significantly affected by ventilation system. Temperature and relative humidity in H2 (positive pressure ventilation system) was found to be less aversive than those in H1 (negative pressure system). Also, bids in H2 presented lower feed conversions than those in H1.
Radioiodine treatment in pediatric Graves disease and thyroid carcinoma

Abstract Graves’ disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in pediatric patients. Most pediatric thyroid cancer is differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The two diseases can be treated using different methods, such as antithyroid drug, radioactive iodine (RAI), and surgery for GD and surgery and RAI for DTC. RAI can be used to treat pediatric GD and DTC. In the article, we reviewed the RAI application in pediatric GD and DTC.
On Asymptotics of Exchangeable Coalescents with Multiple Collisions

We study the number of collisions, X n , of an exchangeable coalescent with multiple collisions (Λ-coalescent) which starts with n particles and is driven by rates determined by a finite characteristic measure η(dx) = x −2Λ(dx). Via a coupling technique, we derive limiting laws of X n , using previous results on regenerative compositions derived from stick-breaking partitions of the unit interval. The possible limiting laws of X n include normal, stable with index 1 ≤ α < 2, and Mittag-Leffler distributions. The results apply, in particular, to the case when η is a beta(a − 2, b) distribution with parameters a > 2 and b > 0. The approach taken allows us to derive asymptotics of three other functionals of the coalescent: the absorption time, the length of an external branch chosen at random from the n external branches, and the number of collision events that occur before the randomly selected external branch coalesces with one of its neighbours.
Enhancement of voltage contrast inspection signal using scan direction

In-line voltage contrast inspection has taken off in popularity in the last decade. While the impact of this technique has already been dramatic, the best known practices are still rapidly evolving. This paper shows that scan direction can have a very large influence on signal intensity for defects of interest and that flexibility to be able to scan in both the X and Y directions can prove very advantageous. Two examples are presented illustrating this point. The underlying physics behind this phenomenon are explained. A new best practice for voltage contrast inspection is then proposed.
Reactivation of methionine synthase from Thermotoga maritima (TM0268) requires the downstream gene product TM0269

The crystal structure of the Thermotoga maritima gene product TM0269, determined as part of genome‐wide structural coverage of T. maritima by the Joint Center for Structural Genomics, revealed structural homology with the fourth module of the cobalamin‐dependent methionine synthase (MetH) from Escherichia coli, despite the lack of significant sequence homology. The gene specifying TM0269 lies in close proximity to another gene, TM0268, which shows sequence homology with the first three modules of E. coli MetH. The fourth module of E. coli MetH is required for reductive remethylation of the cob(II)alamin form of the cofactor and binds the methyl donor for this reactivation, S‐adenosylmethionine (AdoMet). Measurements of the rates of methionine formation in the presence and absence of TM0269 and AdoMet demonstrate that both TM0269 and AdoMet are required for reactivation of the inactive cob(II)alamin form of TM0268. These activity measurements confirm the structure‐based assignment of the function of the TM0269 gene product. In the presence of TM0269, AdoMet, and reductants, the measured activity of T. maritima MetH is maximal near 80°C, where the specific activity of the purified protein is ∼15% of that of E. coli methionine synthase (MetH) at 37°C. Comparisons of the structures and sequences of TM0269 and the reactivation domain of E. coli MetH suggest that AdoMet may be bound somewhat differently by the homologous proteins. However, the conformation of a hairpin that is critical for cobalamin binding in E. coli MetH, which constitutes an essential structural element, is retained in the T. maritima reactivation protein despite striking divergence of the sequences.
Blood pressure, urinary sodium/potassium ratio and body mass index in rural and urban populations in West Java.

206 men and women aged 20 years and over were studied in rural and urban populations in the Priangan Highlands, West Java, to assess the different effects of urinary sodium/potassium ratios and physique on blood pressure. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with age, especially in the urban sample. The urinary sodium/potassium ratio was higher in the urban residents. Among individuals within the same group, no relationship was found between blood pressure and urinary sodium/potassium ratio, except in rural women. A significant correlation was found between blood pressure and the body mass index of individuals in the urban samples only. Several recent blood pressure surveys in Indonesia have been reported (Bailey 1963; Shirai and Mastuo 1967; Mastuo 1967; Harmadji et al. 1975; Sugiri et al. 1975; Darmojo et al. 1977; Darmojo 1977; Ranti et al. 1977; Abisudjak 1979; Kartari et al. 1979; Darmono et al. 1982; Suzuki 1985) and reviewed (Darmojo 1981; Abdulrochim 1982). These studies generally show that blood pressure increases with age and that the prevalence of hypertension (160/95 mm Hg and above, World Health Organization 1962) is approximately 10% of the adult population. It has been found that prevalence of hypertension is significantly higher in the urban population of Jakarta than in other region (Kartari et al. 1979). There are many factors affecting blood pressure, such as salt intake and obesity. Little data are available to test the relationship between blood pressure and these factors in Indonesia. In the present study urinary sodium/potassium ratio and body mass index were determined in the rural and urban populations in the Priangan Highlands, West Java. The relation of these indices to blood pressure is assessed. department of Public Health, Gunma University School of Medicine, 39-22, Showa-machi 3 -chome, Maebashi 371, Japan 2Department of Human Ecology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-1, Hongo 3-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan * Present address: Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 12-4, Sakamoto-machi, Nagasai 852, Japan. Human Biology, April 1988, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 263-272 © Wayne State University Press, 1988 This content downloaded from 207.46. 13.102 on Sun, 31 Jul 2016 05:06:09 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms 264 / H. KO Y AM A, K. MOJI AND S. SUZUKI
Fast-Growing, Aerobic, Heterotrophic Bacteria from the Rhizosphere of Young Sugar Beet Plants

Fast-growing, aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria from the root surface of young sugar beet plants were inventoried. Isolation of the most abundant bacteria from the root surface of each of 1,100 plants between the second and tenth leaf stage yielded 5,600 isolates. These plants originated from different fields in Belgium and Spain. All isolates were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total cellular proteins. Comparison of protein fingerprints allowed us to inventory the bacteria of individual plants of different fields or leaf stages and to analyze the composition and variability of the rhizobacterial population of young sugar beet plants. Each field harbored a specific population of bacteria which showed a highly hierarchic structure. A small number of bacteria occurring frequently at high densities dominated in each field. The major bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas paucimobilis, and Phyllobacterium sp. The former three species showed a high genetic variability as they were represented by different protein fingerprint types on the same or different fields or leaf stages. Twinspan analysis and relative abundance plots showed that the structure and composition of the bacterial populations varied strongly over time. Pseudomonads were typically early colonizers which were later replaced by X. maltophilia or Phyllobacterium sp.
Accuracy improvement of ESPRIT-based polarimetric SAR interferometry for forest height estimation

Polarimetric SAR interferometry has been widely noticed for next generation of SAR remote sensing technology. The authors have proposed the polarimetric SAR interferometry technique based on the ESPRIT method for forest analysis. The technique can detect local scattering centers corresponding to the canopy top and the ground in the forest area. However, detection accuracy of the technique becomes worse for dense forest region due to strong volume scattering component. In this report, we propose to apply a scattering mechanism decomposition technique as a preprocessor to remove undesired components in the ESPRIT-based Pol-InSAR analysis. Experimental results show that detection accuracy of the forest height can be improved by this scheme. Furthermore, we show that the technique is a promising one to detect probability distribution function of trunks and branches of trees for actual forest. Keywordspolarimetric SAR interferometry, forest height, ESPRIT, biomass, scattering mechanism decomposition
Extent of Sex Influence on Carabelli's Polymorphism

Sexual dimorphism in permanent-tooth size has been clearly demonstrated, teeth of brothers systematically exceeding corresponding teeth of their sisters (S. M. GARN, A. B. LEWIS, and R. S. KEREWSKY, J. dent. Res., 43:306, 1964; 44:228, 1965). There is, further, evidence for sexual dimorphism in cusp number, partly paralleling the sexual dimorphism in tooth size, although females also tend to have more cusps for the same crown diameter (S. M. GARN, A. A. DAHLBERG, A. B. LEWIS, and R. S. KEREWSKY, J. dent. Res., 45:970, 1966). The question of sex differences therefore arises in Carabelli's trait for which the extent of sexual dimorphism has not been adequately ascertained. Both population dimorphism and differential inheritance within lineages must be considered for this polymorphism before the exact mode of inheritance can be resolved, as Goodman (J. dent. Res., 44:174, 1965) has properly pointed out. In a study involving 257 Caucasian children of Ohio, there was no significant sexual dimorphism for Carabelli's trait, using the full range of eight rating stages (smooth through high cone), and the Kolmo-
Analysis of directive radiation from a line source in a metamaterial slab with low permittivity

In this paper an investigation is presented of metamaterial structures excited by a line source aimed at producing narrow directive beams. The structure under consideration is a grounded slab made of a homogeneous metamaterial medium with a plasma-like dispersive permittivity; for low values of the slab permittivity an extremely directive beam pointing at broadside can be obtained. Conditions for the maximization of radiation at broadside are given and the narrow-beam effect is shown to be related to the excitation of a leaky mode supported by the slab, with radiation maximization corresponding to small and equal values of the phase and attenuation constants. The frequency bandwidth and directivity are expressed in a simple closed form in terms of the attenuation constant of the leaky mode. By increasing the slab height for a fixed frequency, the leaky mode is analytically shown to give rise to a beam that is scanned from broadside to the critical angle for plane-wave refraction, thus being confined to a narrow angular region around broadside. Numerical results are given that illustrate these features, and full-wave simulations of a metamaterial structure made of an array of metallic cylinders are presented that confirm the results of the analytical study. The case of a line source inside a semi-infinite metamaterial region is also considered and its radiation characteristics compared with those of the metamaterial slab
Increased Early RNA Replication by Chimeric West Nile Virus W956IC Leads to IPS-1-Mediated Activation of NF-κB and Insufficient Virus-Mediated Counteraction of the Resulting Canonical Type I Interferon Signaling

ABSTRACT Although infections with “natural” West Nile virus (WNV) and the chimeric W956IC WNV infectious clone virus produce comparable peak virus yields in type I interferon (IFN) response-deficient BHK cells, W956IC infection produces higher levels of “unprotected” viral RNA at early times after infection. Analysis of infections with these two viruses in IFN-competent cells showed that W956IC activated NF-κB, induced higher levels of IFN-β, and produced lower virus yields than WNV strain Eg101. IPS-1 was required for both increased induction of IFN-β and decreased yields of W956IC. In Eg101-infected cells, phospho-STAT1/STAT2 nuclear translocation was blocked at all times analyzed, while some phospho-STAT1/STAT2 nuclear translocation was still detected at 8 h after infection in W956IC-infected mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and early viral protein levels were lower in these cells. A set of additional chimeras was made by replacing various W956IC gene regions with the Eg101 equivalents. As reported previously, for three of these chimeras, the low early RNA phenotype of Eg101 was restored in BHK cells. Analysis of infections with two of these chimeric viruses in MEFs detected lower early viral RNA levels, higher early viral protein levels, lower early IFN-β levels, and higher virus yields similar to those seen after Eg101 infection. The data suggest that replicase protein interactions directly or indirectly regulate genome switching between replication and translation at early times in favor of translation to minimize NF-κB activation and IFN induction by decreasing the amount of unprotected viral RNA, to produce sufficient viral protein to block canonical type I IFN signaling, and to efficiently remodel cell membranes for exponential genome amplification.
Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome: Fourteen new patients and a clinical analysis

The Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome (SGS) is a disorder of unknown cause comprising craniosynostosis, a marfanoid habitus and skeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, and connective‐tissue anomalies. There are no pathognomonic signs of SGS and diagnosis depends on recognition of a characteristic combination of anomalies. Here, we describe 14 persons with SGS and compare their clinical findings with those of 23 previously reported individuals, including two families with more than one affected individual. Our analysis suggests that there is a characteristic facial appearance, with more than two thirds of all individuals having hypertelorism, down‐slanting palpebral fissures, a high‐arched palate, micrognathia, and apparently low‐set and posteriorly rotated ears. Other commonly reported manifestations include hypotonia in at least the neonatal period, developmental delay, and inguinal or umbilical hernia. The degree of reported intellectual impairment ranges from mild to severe. The most common skeletal manifestations in SGS were arachnodactyly, pectus deformity, camptodactyly, scoliosis, and joint hypermobility. None of the skeletal signs alone is specific for SGS. Our study includes 14 mainly German individuals with SGS evaluated over a period of 10 years. Given that only 23 other persons with SGS have been reported to date worldwide, we suggest that SGS may be more common than previously assumed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GENETIC COMPONENTS OF SIZE AND SHAPE. II. MULTIVARIATE COVARIANCE PATTERNS IN THE RAT AND MOUSE SKULL

Quantitative studies on the integration of morphological structures into functional organ systems have always played a prominant role in biological research. These studies, together with the concomitant speculations about the evolutionary, morphogenetic, ecological and physiological implications of the observed relationships, have been very popular for well over 100 years. In fact, as noted above, Charles Darwin correctly perceived the central theme of present day morphometric covariation studies as early as 1859 but also noted that "the nature of the bond of correlation (between morphological structures) is very frequently quite obscure" (p. 144). The importance of correlated morphological characters in evolution was soon elaborated in more detail by the early quantitative studies of Galton, Weldon, Pearson, Huxley, Thompson, etc., but it was not until the universality of pleiotropy and the existence of linkage was described that the "nature of the bond" was elucidated. In spite of an ignorance of the genetic mechanisms underlying character correlation, these early workers provided an impetus for biometrical studies which continues unabated today.
Wakefulness state modulates conscious access: Suppression of auditory detection in the transition to sleep

Neural basis of consciousness and its suppression are typically studied by manipulating stimuli around the conscious access threshold, or, alternatively, by contrasting conscious and unconscious states (i.e. awake/sleep). Here we show that behavioural and neural markers of conscious access are dependent on wakefulness state, and thus a comprehensive description of the neural basis of conscious access requires an integrated assessment of the state of consciousness. In particular, we demonstrate that a distinctive steepness of a behavioural slope of conscious access is severely compromised during the transition to sleep. Likewise, electrophysiological markers show a delayed processing of target-mask interaction during drowsiness. Consequently, the resolution of conscious access shifts from perceptual to executive stages of processing in the drowsy state of consciousness. Once the goal is set to report the awareness of a target, the brain is capable to adapt to rapidly changing wakefulness states, revealing that the neural signatures of conscious access and its suppression may not be hard-wired but flexible to maintain performance.