Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Special Issue: Frontiers of Organization Science, Part 2 of 2: A Socially Embedded Model of Thriving at Work

Thriving describes an individual's experience of vitality and learning. The primary goal of this paper is to develop a model that illuminates the social embeddedness of employees' thriving at work. First, we explain why thriving is a useful theoretical construct, define thriving, and compare it to related constructs, including resilience, flourishing, subjective well-being, flow, and self-actualization. Second, we describe how work contexts facilitate agentic work behaviors, which in turn produce resources in the doing of work and serve as the engine of thriving. Third, we describe how thriving serves as a gauge to facilitate self-adaptation at work. We conclude by highlighting key theoretical contributions of the model and suggesting directions for future research.
Serum levels of Hsp 72 measured early after trauma correlate with survival.

BACKGROUND Experimental studies have shown that hemorrhagic shock is associated with the expression of inducible heat proteins, especially heat shock protein (Hsp) 72, in liver, brain, heart, and kidney. Moreover, induction of Hsp 72 by various stressors before the onset of shock has been associated with the attenuation of organ injury caused by hemorrhage. However, it is not known whether Hsp 72 is expressed after severe trauma in humans. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine whether Hsp 72 could be detected in the serum of patients early after severe trauma and whether serum levels of Hsp 72 might correlate with survival of trauma patients or the severity of the postinjury inflammatory response. METHODS Clinical data were collected prospectively over a 3-year period for trauma patients mechanically ventilated for more than 2 days who met the following inclusion criteria: Injury Severity Score > or = 16, and age > 18 years. Physiologic data for quantitative assessment of organ dysfunction were collected for each patient. Hsp 72 and nitrate and nitrite levels were measured in the serum of trauma patients collected at or 12 to 48 hours after the admission to the emergency department. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients with severe trauma were enrolled in the study. Hsp 72 was detected in the serum of all trauma patients. All patients with high initial serum levels of Hsp 72 (serum levels > 15 ng/mL) survived, whereas 29% of the patients with low Hsp 72 serum levels died from their traumatic injuries (p = 0.01). The overall mortality was 21%, occurring within 5 to 7 days. Patients who died were older (mean age, 54 +/- 15 years) than those who survived (mean age, 36 +/- 15 years) (p < 0.0.05). The cause of death was attributable to head injury in 79%, although the severity of head injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale score) was not statistically different between survivors with high serum values of Hsp 72 and patients who died. There was no correlation between the initial serum Hsp 72 values and the severity of organ dysfunction or clinical indicators of the inflammatory response. CONCLUSION Hsp 72 can be detected in the serum of severely traumatized patients within 30 minutes after injury. Elevated initial serum levels of Hsp 72 (serum levels > 15 ng/mL) are associated with survival after severe trauma, but are not related to the incidence or severity of the postinjury inflammatory response or organ dysfunction.
The supply chain crisis and disaster pyramid: A theoretical framework for understanding preparedness and recovery

Purpose – The research on supply chains concerning disaster and crisis situations is in its infancy, but rapidly expanding on the backs of top researchers in the field. As with most young research streams there is very little theoretical grounding in extant studies. The purpose of this research is to integrate four prominent existing theoretical perspectives to provide a concise yet holistic framework for grounding future research.Design/methodology/approach – The development of the disaster recovery pyramid is completed following an extensive review of the resource, risk and crisis/disaster recovery, and preparedness literature. Additionally, literature from the resource‐based view (RBV) of the firm, communication theory, competing values theory, and relationship management theory are canvassed. Business professional and academics are also interviewed to validate the pyramid.Findings – The proposed framework is a call for future studies in the supply chain management and logistics disaster, and crisis ma.
Corporate governance, creditor protection, and bank loan contracting in emerging markets

We use recent data on firm-level corporate governance rankings across 14 emerging markets and explore whether firm-level corporate governance matters in bank loan contracting. We find that firms with higher corporate governance can borrow bank loans with more lenders, especially loans with more foreign banks. So probably they are able to access more foreign credit. We also find banks will give firms with higher corporate governance loans with longer maturity and lower interest rates. Finally, we provide evidence that firm-level corporate governance provisions matter more in bank loan contracting in counties with weaker legal systems.
Generalized Landauer bound as a universal thermodynamic entropy in continuous phase transitions.

The classic Landauer bound can be lowered when erasure errors are permitted. Here we point out that continuous phase transitions characterized by an order parameter can also be viewed as information erasure by resetting a certain number of bits to a standard value. The information-theoretic expression for the generalized Landauer bound in terms of error probability implies thus a universal form for the thermodynamic entropy in the partially ordered phase. We explicitly show that the thermodynamic entropy as a function of interaction parameters and temperature is identical to the information-theoretic expression in terms of error probability alone in the specific example of the Hopfield neural network model of associative memory, a distributed information-processing system of many interacting stochastic bits. In this framework the Landauer bound sets a lower limit for the work associated with "remembering" rather than "forgetting. "
Understanding dengue fever dynamics: a study of seasonality in vector-borne disease models

Dengue fever dynamics show seasonality, with the disease transmission being higher during the warmer seasons. In this paper, we analyse seasonally forced epidemic models with and without vector dynamics. We assume small seasonal effects and obtain approximations for the real response of each state variable and also for the corresponding amplitude and phase via decomposition of the sinusoidal forcing into imaginary exponential functions. The analysis begins with the simplest susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model, followed by the simplest model with vector dynamics, susceptible-infected-susceptible for hosts and uninfected-vector (SISUV). Finally, we compare the more complex susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) and susceptible-infected-recovered for hosts and uninfected-vector (SIRUV) models and conclude that the models give basically the same information when we replace, in the SIR model, the human infectivity by a function of both human and mosquito infectivities.
Online Segmentation of Human Motion for Automated Rehabilitation Exercise Analysis

To enable automated analysis of rehabilitation movements, an approach for accurately identifying and segmenting movement repetitions is required. This paper proposes an approach for online, automated segmentation and identification of movement segments from continuous time-series data of human movement, obtained from body-mounted inertial measurement units or from motion capture data. The proposed approach uses a two-stage identification and recognition process, based on velocity features and stochastic modeling of each motion to be identified. In the first stage, motion segment candidates are identified based on a characteristic sequence of velocity features such as velocity peaks and zero velocity crossings. In the second stage, hidden Markov models are used to accurately identify segment locations from the identified candidates. The proposed approach is capable of online segmentation and identification, enabling interactive feedback in rehabilitation applications. The approach is validated on 20 healthy subjects and four rehabilitation patients performing rehabilitation movements, achieving segmentation accuracy of 87% with user specific templates and 79%-83% accuracy with user-independent templates.
Collective Bargaining and the Division of the Value of the Enterprise

The enterprise (firm) is modeled as a collection of formal and informal contracts providing various factors of production with claims on the income stream in consideration of assets or services supplied to the enterprise. The strongly efficient bargaining model implies that the division of the quasi-rents will result in dollar for dollar exchanges of wealth between the union members and the shareholders. The leading inefficient bargaining models do not imply such tradeoffs in general. The model is tested by considering contract settlements during the years 1976 to 1982 as recorded by the Bureau of National Affairs in Collective Bargaining Negotiations and Contracts. Security price data for the firms were merged with these bargaining unit level settlement data. The tests provide substantial confirmation of the dollar for dollar wealth tradeoff between union members and shareholders.
Service quality in business advisory services : the case of the public relations industry in Scotland

The thesis concerns quality of service in the context of business advisory services. The economic rationale for improving any quality standard is based on the theory that by creating customer satisfaction and a perception of service quality, an organisation can retain its existing customers and attract new business, thus improving market share. This argument is based on the assumption that by improving the quality of the service delivered to customers, product offerings can be differentiated in such a way as to improve customer value. This is a customer defined approach to quality and assumes that the provider has understood and responded to customer requirements. In order to achieve this it is necessary to understand the particular situational characteristics of this market and the criteria customers use to assess the service they
Exploring the Safety Range via the Transoral Approach to the Craniovertebral Junction

Abstract Surgeries via the transoral approach are widely used to deal with lesions near the craniovertebral junction. For this approach, the pharyngeal tubercle is an important landmark to identify the midline. The foramen lacerum, another important anatomic area where some crucial structures pass, is close to the pharyngeal tubercle. In the current study, we measured relevant distances and angles on 120 adults without brain diseases to estimate the safety range of the transoral approach. Distances between the pharyngeal tubercle and the foramen lacerum were expressed as mean (SD) and 95% confidence interval. Angles between the straight lines, which pass through the pharyngeal tubercle and the foramen lacerum, and the sagittal plane, as well as the horizontal plane, were also presented as mean (SD) and 95% confidence interval. As regards the 95% confidence intervals of the angles and the distances, which were used to define the safety range, no differences were observed between the right side and the left side. During such surgeries, if the midline is defined as a datum line, it is less likely for surgeons to destroy adjacent structures when moving within 36.30 degrees on the sagittal plane and 45.00 degrees on the horizontal plane once they find the pharyngeal tubercle. It is also safe to move within 16.20 mm from the pharyngeal tubercle. With these data, we have successfully defined the safety range of the surgery, which may help operators choose proper instruments in surgery and avoid injuries to important structures. Moreover, operators may use these data to position the pharyngeal tubercle so as not to deviate from the midline.
A Concealment Method for Shape Information in MPEG-4 Coded Video Sequences

We propose a new method for error concealment of shape information in MPEG-4 video bit streams that are transmitted over error prone channels. The proposed method employs a MAP estimator with a Markov random field (MRF) as the image a priori model. The MRF is designed for binary shape information and its parameters are adapted based on the information of neighboring blocks. Our experimental results show that the proposed concealment method restores missing shape blocks with high accuracy. Compared to the median filtering method, our method restores 20% more missing shape data, with a much greater subjective improvement. The proposed algorithm requires a relatively small number of integer multiplications and additions and simple logic operations, making it suitable for real-time implementations.
High-Temperature Piezoelectric Crystals for Acoustic Wave Sensor Applications

In this review paper, nine different types of high-temperature piezoelectric crystals and their sensor applications are overviewed. The important materials' properties of these piezoelectric crystals including dielectric constant, elastic coefficients, piezoelectric coefficients, electromechanical coupling coefficients, and mechanical quality factor are discussed in detail. The determination methods of these physical properties are also presented. Moreover, the growth methods, structures, and properties of these piezoelectric crystals are summarized and compared. Of particular interest are langasite and oxyborate crystals, which exhibit no phase transitions prior to their melting points ~1500 °C and possess high electrical resistivity, piezoelectric coefficients, and mechanical quality factor at ultrahigh temperature (~1000 °C). Finally, some research results on surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) sensors developed using this high-temperature piezoelectric crystals are discussed.
Abstention from Drug Use and Delinquency Increasing among Youth in the United States, 2002–2014

ABSTRACT Background: Trends in abstaining from substance use and delinquency among adolescent's ages 12–17 in the United States was examined. Methods: Data was derived from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) involving non-Hispanic white, African American, and Hispanic respondents (n = 98,620) and spanning the years 2002–2014. Logistic regression was used to examine significance of trend year and correlates of low-risk and high-risk behavioral groups relative to abstaining. Results: Overall, the prevalence of abstaining was 47.56% between 2002 and 2014. Prevalence increased significantly among all adolescents from 44.85% in 2002 to 53.58% in 2014. Relative to abstainers nonabstaining youth were more likely to be male, and report lower household income, poorer grades, depression, and lower levels of parental affirmation and control. Conclusions: Findings indicate that there is a corresponding increase in abstaining mirroring the recent decreases found in adolescent drug use found in national surveys.
The Role of the Market Maker in International Capital Markets: Challenges and Benefits of Implementation in Emerging Markets

Different forms of market making systems can be found in most developed capital markets. These markets, instead of having a pure electronic limit order book design, follow one of three forms of market making: 1) a quote-driven market making system, 2)a centralized market making system in an order-driven market, and 3) a non-centralized market making system in an order-driven market. This paper analyzes and critically evaluates each system, especially in relation to the application of these designs in emerging capital markets. These countries, in an effort to restructure their market design into a more efficient and attractive venue for international investors, are required to adopt one of the three market making systems found mainly in developed countries. In this study we provide guidance to emerging market regulators for implementing a market making system and prescribe the factors that should be taken into consideration when redesigning their trading system. The challenges and benefits of such an application are set forward along with possible alternatives.
Dose-Dependent Effects of Meloxicam Administration on Cyclooxygenase-1 and Cyclooxygenase-2 Protein Expression in Intrauterine Tissues and Fetal Tissues of a Sheep Model of Preterm Labor

Meloxicam (MEL), a cyclooxygenase (COX)—2 inhibitor, decreases prostaglandin production and blocks preterm labor in sheep. The objective of this study is to investigate MEL dosage regimens on COX-1, COX-2, and prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) expression in ovine intrauterine and fetal tissues. Animals in preterm labor received maternal infusions of saline or MEL at maintained high or graded doses (study 1) or acute graded doses (study 2). MEL blocked preterm labor. In study 1, MEL decreased COX-2 expression in the endometrium, myometrium, and amnion but not placenta or fetal tissues. In study 2, COX-2 expression was unchanged. COX-1/PGDH expression was unaffected. While MEL is an effective tocolytic, reductions in COX-2 protein occurred only with maintained MEL exposure. MEL effects are tissue specific and do not affect COX-1 or PGDH expression. Maternal MEL does not affect fetal COX expression in the sheep, possibly contributing to its lack of fetal side effects.
Special dividends on Johannesburg Stock Exchange : 1999-2011

Ever since listed companies have been allowed to buy back shares (since the Companies Amendment Act was introduced in 1999), a major question has been whether companies with extra cash should pay out dividends or buy back shares. The larger research project for the University of Stellenbosch Business School (USB) will evaluate this question by comparing the rand value of dividends paid to shareholders to the rand value of share buybacks and comparing the rand value of special dividends to the rand value of share buybacks. The research described in this report was conducted as part of the bigger research project on dividends and aimed to produce a provisional list of special dividends paid from 1999 to 2011 for all companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The list comprises only special dividends paid from earnings, hence the term „provisional list‟. The bigger research project to produce a comprehensive list of special dividends will include the following additional steps: 1. Determining payments from earnings and share premium. 2. Determining payments from earnings, share premium and special designated dividends (SDD). 3. Determining payments from earnings, share premium, SDD and statistically evaluated dividends. The present research showed that using databases alone would not yield viable data for research purposes. The researcher started to gather data from two databases and afterwards had to evaluate the Stock Exchange News Service (SENS) announcements to eliminate the discrepancies. Furthermore, the physical financial statements gave valuable information to produce the provisional list. The correct method to determine the true rand amounts for dividends is firstly to consult the annual financial reports and secondly to retrieve the SENS announcements. Then the entry can be verified by multiplying the dividend per share by the number of shares on the record date. This rand value can be found in the financial statements in the statement of changes in equity. The dividends paid out of share premium are easy to identify, as the entry will be specifically stated in the statement of changes in equity. The determination of special dividends is rather difficult, because the rand amount of special dividends are hardly ever published as such in the statement of changes in equity. The conclusion reached by the researcher is that the only method to obtain the correct entries for any financial evaluation is to consult the audited financial statements. Databases can be useful in obtaining some information; however, the only reliable resource to retrieve the final information is from financial statements. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Mapping the genomic location of the gene encoding alpha-amanitin resistance in vaccinia virus mutants

To facilitate the determination of the genomic location of the vaccinia virus gene(s) encoding alpha-amanitin resistance (alpha r) (Villarreal et al., J. Virol. 51:359-366, 1984), a collection of alpha r, temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were isolated. The premise of these experiments was that mutants might be found whose dual phenotypes were the result of a single or two closely linked mutations. Genetic analyses of the alpha rts mutant library revealed two mutants, alpha rts7 and alpha rts12, that apparently fit this criterion; in alpha rts7 the two lesions were indistinguishable, whereas in alpha rts12 the two mutations were closely linked but separable. Cloned vaccinia virus HindIII DNA fragments were used to marker rescue the temperature-sensitive phenotype of these two dual mutants. The temperature-sensitive lesion of alpha rts7 was rescued by the HindIII N fragment (1.5 kilobases), whereas alpha rts12 was rescued by the neighboring HindIII M fragment (2.0 kilobases). The progeny virions of the alpha rts7 HindIII-N rescue reverted to an alpha-amanitin-sensitive phenotype, whereas the alpha rts12 HindIII-M progeny were still resistant to the drug. Taken together, these data indicate that the gene encoding alpha-amanitin resistance maps to the HindIII N fragment and provides evidence for the existence of essential vaccinia virus genes in a region of the genome previously believed to be nonessential for replication in tissue culture. Biochemical analyses revealed that both mutants were capable of synthesizing DNA as well as early and late viral proteins at the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. At the nonpermissive temperature alpha rts12 and alpha rts7 were unable to process the major core precursors P94 and P65 into VP62 and VP60.
Proportion Indices in the Craniofacial Regions of 284 Healthy North American White Children Between 1 and 5 Years of Age

The study's aim was to provide the normal range data on 81 anthropometric proportion indices of the craniofacial complex, separately in boys and girls between 1 and 5 years of age, supplementary to the previously published normal proportion values of the North American white population from 6 to 18 years of age. In the first age group, 17 or 18 boys and 18 or 22 girls were measured. In each age group between 2 and 5 years old, 30 boys and 30 or 31 girls were examined. The normal values of the 81 proportion indices were established with the help of 45 measurements (7 cranial, 13 facial, 4 orbital, 12 nasal, 7 labio-oral, and 2 auricular) taken from 287 healthy children. The data on the normal indices were reported in two groups: areal and interareal. The areal proportions are formed by taking measurements from one particular craniofacial region. Proportions indicating the quality of relation of measurements taken from two craniofacial regions were classified as interareal (N = 36). The basic proportions (N = 13) of the areal one show the relation between the measurements influencing the general view of each craniofacial region. The detailed analysis of the proportionality in the individual regions, carried out with the help of the other measurements within the regions, established 36 additional areal proportion indices. The recommended method of examination is to start with the basic proportions, which offers the determination of the most and least disproportionate craniofacial region, followed by a more comprehensive search for other disproportions with the help of the additional areal proportions (N = 36) and interareal proportions (N = 32).