Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scheduled Food Hastens Re-Entrainment More Than Melatonin Does after a 6-h Phase Advance of the Light-Dark Cycle in Rats

Circadian desynchrony occurs when individuals are exposed to abrupt phase shifts of the light-dark cycle, as in jet lag. For reducing symptoms and for speeding up resynchronization, several strategies have been suggested, including scheduled exercise, exposure to bright light, drugs, and especially exogenous melatonin administration. Restricted feeding schedules have shown to be powerful entraining signals for metabolic and hormonal daily cycles, as well as for clock genes in tissues and organs of the periphery. This study explored in a rat model of jet lag the contribution of exogenous melatonin or scheduled feeding on the re-entrainment speed of spontaneous general activity and core temperature after a 6-h phase advance of the light-dark cycle. In a first phase, the treatment was scheduled for 5 days prior to the phase shift, while in a second stage, the treatment was simultaneous with the phase advance of the light-dark cycle. Melatonin administration and especially scheduled feeding simultaneous with the phase shift improved significantly the re-entrainment speed. The evaluation of the free-running activity and temperature following the 5-day treatment proved that both exogenous melatonin and specially scheduled feeding accelerated re-entrainment of the SCN-driven general activity and core temperature, respectively, with 7, 5 days (p < 0.01) and 3, 3 days (p < 0.001). The present results show the relevance of feeding schedules as entraining signals for the circadian system and highlight the importance of using them as a strategy for preventing internal desynchrony.
Naïve *Buying* Diversification and Narrow Framing by Individual Investors

We provide the first tests to distinguish whether individual investors equally balance their overall portfolios (naive portfolio diversification—NPD) or engage in naive buying diversification (NBD)—equally balancing values in same-day purchases of multiple assets. We find NBD in purchases of multiple stocks, and in mixed purchases of individual stocks and funds. In contrast, there is little evidence of NPD. So investors seem to narrowly frame their buy-day decision. Simulation analysis suggests that NBD substantially reduces investor welfare. These findings suggest that behavioral finance theory should incorporate transactional as well as portfolio framing.
Luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) in rat olfactory systems

The luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) systems of rat olfactory bulbs and nasal areas were studied in neonatal and adult rats. Animals were perfused with Zamboni's fixative and olfactory bulbs with nasal olfactory areas intact were removed, postfixed, and decalcified. LHRH was immunohistochemically demonstrated in unembedded frozen or vibratome sections.
Are all spinal segments equal: intrinsic membrane properties of superficial dorsal horn neurons in the developing and mature mouse spinal cord

Key points • Much of what we know about pain signalling in the spinal cord comes from studies undertaken in lumbosacral spinal segments that innervate the hindlimb. • Clinical evidence suggests sensory information from viscera and head and neck tissues is processed differently from sensations arising in the hindlimb. • Here we show that intrinsic membrane properties, a major determinate of neuronal output, change dramatically during development in superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons from lumbar, thoracic and upper cervical segments in the mouse. In contrast, intrinsic membrane properties are generally conserved in SDH neurons along the length of the spinal cord in both neonates and adults. • Our data suggest the intrinsic membrane properties of SDH neurons involved in pain signalling do not contribute to the marked differences in pain experienced in the limbs, viscera and head and neck.
The 4 Notch receptors play distinct and antagonistic roles in the proliferation and hepatocytic differentiation of liver progenitors

The Notch signaling pathway is involved in liver development and regeneration. Here, we investigate the role of the 4 mammalian Notch paralogs in the regulation of hepatoblast proliferation and hepatocytic differentiation. Our model is based on bipotential mouse embryonic liver (BMEL) progenitors that can differentiate into hepatocytes or cholangiocytes in vitro and in vivo. BMEL cells were subjected to Notch antagonists or agonists. Blocking Notch activation with a γ‐secretase inhibitor, at 50 μM for 48 h, reduced cell growth by 50%. S‐phase entry was impaired, but no apoptosis was induced. A systematic paralog‐specific strategy was set using lentiviral transduction with constitutively active forms of each Notch receptor along with inhibition of endogenous Notch signaling. This assay demonstrates that proliferation of BMEL cells requires Notch2 and Notch4 activity, resulting in significant down‐regulation of p27Kip1 and p57Kip2 cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors. Conversely, Notch3‐expressing cells proliferate less and express 3‐fold higher levels of p57Kip2. The Notch3 cells present a hepatocyte‐like morphology, enhanced multinucleation, and a ploidy shift. Moreover, Notch3 activity is conducive to hepatocytic differentiation in vitro, while its paralogs impede this fate. Our study provides the first evidence of a functional diversity among the mammalian Notch homologues in the proliferation and hepatocytic‐lineage commitment of liver progenitors. —Ortica, S. , Tarantino, N. , Aulner, N. , Israël, A. , Gupta‐Rossi, N. The 4 Notch receptors play distinct and antagonistic roles in the proliferation and hepatocytic differentiation of liver progenitors. FASEB J. 28, 603–614 (2014). www.fasebj. org
Corporate board characteristics and environmental disclosure quantity: Evidence from South Africa (integrated reporting) and Nigeria (traditional reporting)

Abstract The study examined the influence of corporate board characteristics on environmental disclosure quantity of listed firms in two leading emerging economies: South Africa and Nigeria which practice integrated reporting framework and traditional reporting framework, respectively. Two issues motivate the study: First, calls by researchers for integrated reporting regulation in Nigeria. Second, the challenge facing regulatory bodies and companies boards in Nigeria in ensuring commitment to the protection of the environment and the society. Many studies have examined the influence of corporate governance on environmental disclosure at the cross-country level, documenting evidence that corporate governance mechanisms are essential for corporate ecological reporting. However, these studies examined settings based on the legal framework and mostly focused on companies quoted on common and civil law countries. They neglected the weak and robust reporting framework and difference within either common or civil law countries. Our study provides evidence on corporate board characteristics influence on environmental disclosure of quoted firms in South Africa and Nigeria. Data obtained from annual reports of 303 environmentally sensitive companies selected from South Africa (213) and Nigeria (90) was investigated using descriptive, multivariate, and regression model. Major findings indicate a significant positive association between board independence and environmental disclosure in Nigeria. In South Africa, 45% of environmentally sensitive industries significantly influence environmental disclosure, while 51% of environmentally polluting industries in Nigeria show insignificant association with environmental disclosure. Our findings are helpful to policymakers and other regulators for an impactful framework on environmental reporting.
Clinical course of partial virological responders under prolonged entecavir monotherapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Studies about long‐term entecavir (ETV) therapy for partial virological response (PVR) are lacking. This study aimed to assess the clinical course of PVR patients receiving ETV therapy and analyze the efficacy of tenofovir (TDF). We retrospectively evaluated 130 patients who showed a PVR to ETV. Among these patients, 102 were nucleot(s)ide analogue (NUC)‐naïve and 28 were lamivudine (LAM)‐experienced. The cumulative rates of VR were 54.1%, 70.8%, and 83.7% for the NUC‐naïve group and 37.0%, 42.8%, and 42.8% for the LAM‐experienced group after 24, 36, and 48 months of ETV therapy, respectively (P = 0.008). Low HBV DNA level at 12 months (P < 0.001) and absence of a LAM treatment history (P = 0.031) were significant associated factors for VR. In VR prediction at 36 months of ETV therapy in NUC‐naïve patients, HBV DNA level <95 IU/ml at 12 months showed a 92.9% sensitivity and a 78.3% specificity (AUROC, 0.909; P < 0.001). ETV resistance did not develop in NUC‐naïve patients with HBV DNA levels <95 IU/ml at 12 months. The cumulative probability of VR in patients who switched to or additionally received TDF was 91.3% at 15 months. Prolonged ETV therapy induced a VR without the risk of ETV resistance in NUC‐naïve patients with HBV DNA levels <95 IU/ml at 12 months. All patients with LAM‐experienced or NUC‐naïve with HBV DNA levels ≥95 IU/ml at 12 months should be switched to TDF rescue therapy. J. Med. Virol. 88:252–259, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Precoding techniques for undersampled multi-receiver communication systems

In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of blind signal recovery from undersampled data collected from a plurality receivers. We show that although an undersampled communication system is not completely identifiable in general, such an obstacle can be overcome by employing proper precoding with an arbitrary amount of the bandwidth expansion in the transmitter. The main contribution of this study is the formulation of a generic framework for the undersampled systems, and the derivation of conditions for a class of filters which we term ambiguity resistant precoders.
Super-Resolution Imaging of Plasmodesmata Using Three-Dimensional Structured Illumination Microscopy1[W]

We used three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) to obtain subdiffraction (“super-resolution”) images of plasmodesmata (PD) expressing a green fluorescent protein-tagged viral movement protein (MP) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In leaf parenchyma cells, we were able to resolve individual components of PD (neck and central cavities) at twice the resolution of a confocal microscope. Within the phloem, MP-green fluorescent protein filaments extended outward from the specialized pore-PD that connect sieve elements (SEs) with their companion cells (CCs) along the tubular sieve element reticulum (SER). The SER was shown to interconnect individual pore-PD at the SE-CC interface. 3D-SIM resolved fine (less than 100 nm) endoplasmic reticulum threads running into individual pore-PD as well as strands that crossed sieve plate pores, structurally linking SEs within a file. Our data reveal that MP entering the SE from the CC may remain associated with the SER. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments revealed that this MP pool is relatively immobile compared with the membrane probe 3,3’-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide, suggesting that MP may become sequestered by the SER once it has entered the SE. The advent of 3D-SIM offers considerable potential in the subdiffraction imaging of plant cells, bridging an important gap between confocal and electron microscopy.
Mast cells regulate homeostatic intestinal epithelial migration and barrier function by a chymase/Mcpt4-dependent mechanism

Altered intestinal barrier function is postulated to be a central predisposing factor to intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases and food allergies. However, the mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostatic intestinal barrier integrity remain undefined. In this study, we demonstrate that mice deficient in mast cells (KitW-sh/W-sh [Wsh]) or mast cell chymase (Mcpt4−/−) have significantly decreased basal small intestinal permeability compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Altered intestinal barrier function was linked to decreased intestinal epithelial cell migration along the villus/crypt axis, altered intestinal morphology, and dysregulated claudin-3 crypt expression. Remarkably, engraftment of Wsh mice with WT but not Mcpt4−/− mast cells restored intestinal epithelial cell migration, morphology, and intestinal epithelial barrier function. Collectively, these findings identify a mechanism by which mast cells regulate homeostatic intestinal epithelial migration and barrier function.
‘Strong on quantity, weak on quality’: China’s financial reform between 1978 and 2018

When China’s economic reform began at the end of 1978, the country had only one formal financial institution, the People’s Bank of China (PBC). This served as both the central bank and the commercial bank and accounted for 93 per cent of the country’s total financial assets. In the following 40 years, the financial sector experienced major reform, opening and development. Today, China’s ‘big four’ banks are regularly ranked among the 10 largest in the world. China’s equity and bond markets have also joined the top ranks globally in recent years. China’s currency, the renminbi (RMB), is part of the International Monetary Fund’s Special Drawing Rights (SDR) basket, along with the US dollar, the euro, the British pound and the Japanese yen.
National Character Practices through History Education in Primary School Performance: Evidence from the Kingdom Saudi Arabian Hospitals

National character is a rather complex issue to be discussed as we are a multiracial country and comprises of various religions, cultures and as well as languages. History Education aims to nurture and strengthen the nation spirit and promote the citizen identity as Malaysian and a part of world’s citizen. This study aimed to examine the level of Malaysian national character practices through History education among primary school students in peninsular Malaysia. The national character practices that were observed is in the aspects of understanding human behaviour, causality in history, country uniqueness, patriotic citizens and democratic practices. This research survey was conducted using questionnaire instrument. Respondents were selected using stratified random sampling techniques involving 1920 pupils of 5 primary schools in peninsular Malaysia. The results of the entire constructs from pilot study are at a high validity level and hence valid to be used in actual studies. The data was analysed using SPSS version 23.0 to analyze descriptive data (mean and standard deviation). The results of the study show that the level of identity practices in terms of understanding human behaviour, homeland uniqueness, patriotic citizens and democracy practices are at moderately high levels. The national character practice in term of cause and effect in History on the other hand is at moderate level. Effective History Education is capable to implement the skill and appreciation of historical values into the soul of the student, which they will always willing to sacrifice their life to defend the nation and further strengthen the national ideology and make Malaysia a developed nation as well as embraced the principles contained in the pillars of the nation.
Autoimmune thyroiditis and diabetes: dissecting the joint genetic susceptibility in a large cohort of multiplex families.

CONTEXT Epidemiological data support a shared genetic susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Both diseases frequently occur within the same family and in the same individual. Patients developing both T1D and AITD are considered to have an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 variant (APS3v). OBJECTIVE The goals of this study were to identify the joint susceptibility loci/genes for T1D and AITD. SETTINGS The study was conducted at an academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We used whole genome and candidate gene approaches in a data set of 88 families multiplex for T1D and AITD (448 individuals). RESULTS We identified three loci, on chromosomes 2p, 6p, and Xp, showing linkage when individuals with either T1D or AITD were classified as affected. The 6p locus contained the human leukocyte antigen class II genes, and the Xp locus contained the FOXP3 gene. Three loci, on 2q, 6p (human leukocyte antigen class II), and Xp, showed evidence for linkage when only APS3v individuals (T1D+AITD) were classified as affected. Analysis of positional candidate genes strongly supported CTLA-4 as the gene on 2q associated with APS3v and FOXP3 as the gene on Xp associated with T1D or AITD and APS3v. In addition, the PTPN22 and insulin variable number tandem repeat genes showed significant associations with T1D or AITD in our families. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a strong shared genetic susceptibility to T1D and AITD, with most shared genes involved in immune regulation, suggesting that immune dysregulation plays an important role in the joint susceptibility to T1D and AITD.
Outcome and toxicity of postoperative short course adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy following resection of adenocarcinoma of the rectum

A retrospective review has been performed to assess the outcome and toxicity of post-operative adjuvant therapy of 25 Gy/5 fractions/1week following resection of stage II and III rectal cancer. Forty patients were treated between August 1992 and May 1995. The ages ranged from 42 to 79 (median 63); 32 were male (80%). At last follow up 32 were alive with 0.9 to 11.3 years of follow-up (median 6.6 years). The 5-year actuarial survival was 76% (95% CI: 62–91%). The local relapse free rate was 73% (95% CI: 58–88). Seven patients experienced grade 3 or 4 early toxicity. Three patients had grade 2 or 3 late toxicity. Although treatment was well tolerated, the local relapse rate observed was high. In view of the changes in surgical and pathological techniques in the last decade, further studies are required to determine the merits or otherwise of postoperative Short Course Adjuvant Radiation.
Different danger signals differently impact on microglial proliferation through alterations of ATP release and extracellular metabolism

Microglia rely on their ability to proliferate in the brain parenchyma to sustain brain innate immunity and participate in the reaction to brain damage. We now studied the influence of different danger signals activating microglia, both internal (typified by glutamate, associated with brain damage) and external (using a bacterial lipopolysaccharide, LPS), on the proliferation of microglia cells. We found that LPS (100 ng/mL) increased, whereas glutamate (0.5 mM) decreased proliferation. Notably, LPS decreased whereas glutamate increased the extracellular levels of ATP. In contrast, LPS increased whereas glutamate decreased the extracellular catabolism of ATP into adenosine through ecto‐nucleotidases and ecto‐5’‐nucleotidase. Finally, apyrase (degrades extracellular ATP) abrogated glutamate‐induced inhibition of microglia proliferation; conversely, inhibitors of ecto‐nucleotidases (ARL67156 or α,β‐methylene ADP) and adenosine deaminase (degrades extracellular adenosine) abrogated the LPS‐induced increase of microglia proliferation, which was blocked by a selective A2A receptor antagonist, SCH58261 (50 nM). Overall, these results highlight the importance of the extracellular purinergic metabolism to format microglia proliferation and influence the spatio‐temporal profile of neuroinflammation in different conditions of brain damage. GLIA 2015;63:1636–1645
Herding by Foreign Institutional Investors: An Evidential Exploration for Persistence and Predictability

ABSTRACT The primary objective of the study is to explore the predictability of herding patterns of foreign institutional investors in the Indian market using high frequency data over a period from January 2003 to June 2014. Herding of an individual stock was measured estimating a simple volume based ratio and persistence of trends was detected using the runs test (Wald and Wolfowitz [1940]) on that ratio. Predictability of herding behavior has been successfully modeled by applying 7 data mining models using various measures of performance. Market regulators may consider our findings to regulate the foreign institutional investors trading to make the financial system more transparent and robust.
Eyelid edema as a predictive factor for sensitization to Pru p 7 in peach allergy

The clinical and laboratory factors related to Pru p 7 sensitization in peach allergy, compared with those associated with sensitization to Pru p 1, which is related to pollen‐food allergy syndrome (PFAS), have still not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to identify the clinical and laboratory features associated with sensitization to Pru p 7. Fifty patients (male : female, 14:36; mean age, 31.8 years) with peach allergy were enrolled in this study. Specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) against the purified nPru p 7 was measured by enzyme‐linked immunoassay, whereas using ImmunoCAP, sIgE levels against peach, rPru p 1, rPru p 3 and rPru p 4 were measured. Correlations between the clinical characteristics of peach allergy and sensitization to the allergens were statistically analyzed. In 50 patients with peach allergy, 13 and 33 patients were sensitized with nPru p 7 and rPru p 1, respectively. Laryngeal tightness, conjunctival injection, facial edema, eyelid edema and urticaria were significantly associated with Pru p 7 sensitization. In contrast, oropharyngeal symptoms were strongly related to Pru p 1 sensitization but were significantly less common in the Pru p 7‐positive group. Co‐sensitization to the representative pollens related to PFAS, such as alder pollens, was significantly related to Pru p 1 sensitization, but not Pru p 7 sensitization. Along with the absence of co‐sensitization to pollens related to PFAS, facial edema and especially eyelid edema after the ingestion of peaches could be a predictive factor for sensitization to Pru p 7.
Validity of Public Parks for Children with Disabilities – Parents’ Perspective*

Childhood is an important development phase for any person and there are many studies performed which have shown how important the outdoor play and related activities can be during this stage. However, having a disability is yet another major issue that affects both children and adults. Due to the social concept of disability which sees the person suffering from a particular disability as a deviation from being normal, it results in exclusion of the individual from society. In children, particularly those suffering from disabilities, public playgrounds can provide multiple opportunities for physical development, mental growth as well as for becoming a more inclusive part of the society. However, for this to happen, it is necessary that the playground facilities that are available are so designed that they can be enjoyed by the children with disabilities as well. The report is intended to provide an overview of the advantages of public parks for children with disabilities from the perspective of parents. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.17. 1.3