Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tonal behavior analysis of an adaptive second-order sigma-delta modulator

This paper analyzes the tonal behavior of an adaptive second-order sigma-delta modulator, which was developed and published by the same authors. Idle channel tones, caused by non-white quantization error, is not desirable in applications where the human ear is the end receiver. Besides their relatively small magnitude tones in the baseband, most sigma-delta modulators produce high-powered tones near f/sub s//2. It is a more serious problem because the clock noise near f/sub s//2 can couple these tones down into the baseband. Various simulations show that the more randomized nature of the aforementioned adaptive architecture makes it more advantageous in tonal behavior, particularly attractive in that it significantly reduces the dominant tone near f/sub s//2, which can not be reduced by dithering in a standard second order single-bit modulator. With comparison to the standard second-order sigma-delta modulators, the results are illustrated in both frequency and time domains.
Chemical fertilizer and food security

This article summarized the role and contribution of chemical fertilizers in ensuring food security and analyzed/predicted the increased amount of chemical fertilizers needed to meet grain production goals in 2010,2015 and 2020, respectively.According to problems presented in grain production during the last six years,in order to guarantee the food security,beside continued development of chemical fertilizer industry and increase of chemical fertilizer application other corresponding measures such as stabling planting area of grain crop (at least 110 M ha),adjusting grain price and protecting farmer benefit,improving basic conditions of farmland,implementing water-saving irrigation technique,and moderately increasing grain import,should be adapted.Relying exclusively on increase chemical fertilizer to fulfill the balance of domestic grain supply and demand was not only high cost(including resources,environment and costs of production),but also impossible to be accepted by market and farmers.
Prognostic value of MYC rearrangement in cases of B‐cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma

B‐cell lymphoma, Unclassifiable with features intermediate between diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma, for convenience referred to here as unclassifiable B‐cell lymphoma, is a category in the 2008 World Health Organization system used for a group of histologically aggressive neoplasms that are difficult to classify definitively. Currently, there is no established standard therapy for these neoplasms.
Uncertainty and Stock Returns

This paper investigates how rm-level uncertainty is priced in the cross-section of stock returns. Uncertainty is proxied by the volatility of option-implied volatility (vol-of-vol), with higher vol-of-vol signaling more uncertainty among investors about the dynamics of expected stock returns. We nd that high vol-of-vol stocks underperform low vol-of-vol stocks by circa 0.77 percent over the next month, or about 9 percent a year. The negative vol-of-vol e ect is stronger for larger stocks, persists for more than twelve months, and cannot be explained by exposures to many previously documented factors. At the same time, statistical tests cannot con rm that vol-of-vol is driven by arbitrage frictions and optimism bias, nor by exposures to jump risk or stochastic volatility risk. Moreover, we do not nd vol-of-vol to be a priced risk factor in traditional asset pricing models, or to re ect higher-order risk. Our results seem inconsistent with rational pricing by a representative agent, and indicate strong information linkages between option and stock markets. ∗Baltussen is at the Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam; e-mail: baltussen@ese.eur. nl. Van Bekkum is at the Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam; e-mail: vanbekkum@ese.eur. nl. Part of this research project was completed when either Baltussen or Van Bekkum was at the Department of Finance, Stern School of Business, New York University. The authors gratefully acknowledge nancial support by Tinbergen Institute, Erasmus Research Institute of Management, the Erasmus Trustfonds, and the Niels Stensen Foundation.
Detection of Network Traffic Anomaly Based on Instantaneous Parameters Analysis

Identifying network traffic anomalies accurately and rapidly is critical to the efficient operation of any network. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed based on instantaneous parameters (instantaneous frequency and Instantaneous amplitude) analysis. The characteristic of traffic anomaly would be revealed more evidently through analyzing the instantaneous parameters of the original network flow data. The simulation shows that the proposed algorithm can identify network traffic anomaly effectively.
Combined use of biallelic and microsatellite Y-chromosome polymorphisms to infer affinities among African populations.

To define Y-chromosome haplotypes, we studied seven biallelic polymorphic sites. We combined data with those from four dinucleotide-repeat polymorphisms, to establish Y-chromosome compound superhaplotypes. Eight biallelic haplotypes that matched the dendrogram proposed by other investigators were identified in 762 Y chromosomes from 25 African populations. For each biallelic site, coalescence time of lineages carrying the derived allele was estimated and compared with previous estimates. The "ancestral" haplotype (haplotype 1A) was observed among Ethiopians, "Khoisan" (! Kung and Khwe), and populations from northern Cameroon. Microsatellite distributions within this haplotype showed that the Khoisan haplotypes 1A are widely divergent from those of the other two groups. Populations from northern Africa and northern Cameroon share a haplotype (i.e., 1C), which is not observed in other African populations but represents a major Eurasian cluster. Haplotypes 1C of northern Cameroon are clearly distinct from those of Europe, whereas haplotypes 1C of northern African are well intermingled with those of the other two groups. Apportionment of diversity for the Y-chromosomal biallelic haplotypes was calculated after populations were clustered into different configurations. Despite some correspondence between language affiliation and genetic similarity, geographic proximity seems to be a better predictor of genetic affinity.
Trust in Smart Systems

Objective: We examine whether trust in smart systems is generated analogously to trust in humans and whether the automation level of smart systems affects trustworthiness and acceptability of those systems. Background: Trust is an important factor when considering acceptability of automation technology. As shared goals lead to social trust, and intelligent machines tend to be treated like humans, the authors expected that shared driving goals would also lead to increased trustworthiness and acceptability of adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems. Method: In an experiment, participants (N = 57) were presented with descriptions of three ACCs with different automation levels that were described as systems that either shared their driving goals or did not. Trustworthiness and acceptability of all the ACCs were measured. Results: ACCs sharing the driving goals of the user were more trustworthy and acceptable than were ACCs not sharing the driving goals of the user. Furthermore, ACCs that took over driving tasks while providing information were more trustworthy and acceptable than were ACCs that took over driving tasks without providing information. Trustworthiness mediated the effects of both driving goals and automation level on acceptability of ACCs. Conclusion: As when trusting other humans, trusting smart systems depends on those systems sharing the user’s goals. Furthermore, based on their description, smart systems that take over tasks are judged more trustworthy and acceptable when they also provide information. Application: For optimal acceptability of smart systems, goals of the user should be shared by the smart systems, and smart systems should provide information to their user.
Determinants of Malaysian bank efficiency: evidence from bootstrap data envelopment analysis

The paper follows Simar and Wilson's (2007) two-stage procedure to analyse the efficiency of the Malaysian banking sector. In the first stage, we employ the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to compute the efficiency of individual banks during the period 1999 to 2008. We then use panel regressions to examine the impact of ownership on bank efficiency, while controlling for the potential impacts of contextual variables. The DEA results indicate an increase in efficiency over the sample period. The results from the panel regression suggest that productive efficiency is positively related to bank size, capitalisation, and foreign ownership. On the other hand, the publicly listed and government owned banks have been relatively inefficient in their intermediation function.
Characterization of microbial consortia that reductively dechlorinate 4-chlorophenol and transform phenol to benzoate enriched from estuarine sediment of Lake Shinji

Monochlorophenols were degraded to benzoate via phenol by the initial dechlorination and the subsequent conversion of phenol to benzoate in anaerobic sediment samples of estuarine Lake Shinji under methanogenic conditions. To characterize bacteria that dechlorinate 4-chlorophenol and transform phenol to benzoate, we analyzed the microbial community structure of the enrichment culture with each 4-chlorophenol and phenol by the limiting dilution method with polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene. After serial dilution of the culture, the 4-chlorophenol-dechlorinating culture consisted of two dominant bacteria, one of which was most homologous with Dehalobacter sp. In the enriched culture with phenol, minor band homologous with Cryptanaerobacter phenolicass corresponded to the transformation activity.
Current perspectives The role of anti-IgA antibodies in causing adverse reactions to gamma globulin infusion in immunodeficient patients : A comprehensive review of the literature

Anaphylactic reactions to immunoglobulin infusions in immunodeficient patients with undetectable IgA have been attributed in several reports to IgG or IgE anti-IgA antibodies. However, other reports have not supported an association between such antibodies and the development of severe reactions. We have reviewed the articles reporting reactions to immunoglobulin products in IgA-deficient patients, as well as those describing the presence of such antibodies in the absence of reactions to infusions. A variety of factors might influence the association of adverse reactions with anti-IgA antibodies, including the serum concentration and isotype (IgG or IgE) of the anti-IgA antibody, its specificity (class or subclass specific), the method of measurement, and the IgA content of the gamma globulin infusion and its route of administration. The role of anti-IgA antibodies in causing anaphylaxis in IgA-deficient patients receiving gamma globulin therapy is still controversial. Larger (multicenter) studies are needed to further evaluate this association. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;nnn:nnn-nnn.)
Export marketing information‐gathering and processing in small and medium‐sized enterprises

Purpose – To draw together the diverse and diffuse elements of previous research into the determinants of success in export marketing by SMEs.Design/methodology/approach – Groups of export marketing activities derived from the literature and preliminary qualitative fieldwork were incorporated in a questionnaire‐based survey of a purposive sample of small exporters in one region of the UK, measuring the frequency of their use against levels of export commitment, involvement, and experience.Findings – Results contradict the traditional view that the longer a company has been exporting, the more likely it is to do well. The study provides evidence to encourage ambitious exporting SMEs to develop active and on‐going marketing and information‐gathering activities, and to dedicate specific financial and human resources to exporting.Research limitations/implications – The highly focused approach to measuring the relationships between export marketing activities and company characteristics should ideally be furth.
On the Existence of Linear Equilibria in Models of Market Making

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a linear equilibrium in three types of competitive market making models: Kyle type models (when market makers only observe aggregate net order flow), Glosten–Milgrom and Easley–O'Hara type models (when market makers observe and trade one order at a time), and call markets models (individual order models when market makers observe a number of orders before pricing and executing any of them). We study two cases: when privately informed (strategic) traders are symmetrically informed and when they have differential information. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions on the distributions of the random variables for a linear equilibrium. We also explore those features of the equilibrium that depend on linearity as opposed to the particular distributional assumptions and we provide a large number of examples of linear equilibria for each of the models.
Evaluation of Occupational Hazards Control on A New Project of A Furniture Factory

[Objective]To evaluate the protective measures of occupational hazard and control effect of a furniture factory. [Methods]On-site occupational health survey and test method were adopted to conduct qualitative and quantitative evaluation. [Results]The occupational hazards of wood dust, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and noise existed in production process. [Conclusion]This construction project adopts less toxic rawmaterials, advanced production technology and reasonable protection facilities to effectively reduce the occupational hazards to laborer's health and basically accord with the requirements of the relative laws, regulations, norms and standards in China.
Comparative evaluation of ASA classification and ACE-27 index as morbidity scoring systems in oncosurgeries

The primary intention of the study was to find out whether Adult Comorbidity Evaluation Index (ACE-27) was better than the American Society of Anaesthesiologists’ (ASA) risk classification system in predicting postoperative morbidity in head and neck oncosurgery. Another goal was to identify other risk factors for complications which are not included in these indexes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on 250 patients to determine the impact of seven variables on morbidity-ACE-27 grade, ASA class, age, sex, duration of anaesthesia, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In univariate analysis ACE-27 index, ASA score, duration of anaesthesia, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were significant. As both comorbidity scales were significant in univariate analysis they were analyzed together and separately in multivariate analysis to illustrate their individual strength. In the first multivariate analysis (excluding ACE-27 grade) ASA class, duration of anaesthesia, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were significant. The positive predictive value (PPV) of this model to predict morbidity was 60.86% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 77.9%. The sensitivity was 75% and specificity 62.2%. In the second multivariate analysis (excluding ASA class) ACE-27 grade, duration of anaesthesia and radiotherapy were significant. The PPV of this model to predict morbidity was 62.1% and NPV was 76.5%. The sensitivity was 61.6% and specificity 70.9%. In the third multivariate analysis which included both ACE-27 grade and ASA class only ASA class, duration of anaesthesia, radiotherapy and chemotherapy remained significant. In conclusion, ACE-27 grade and ASA class were reliable predictors of major complications but ASA class had more impact on complications than ACE-27 grade.
The need for smart transducers: an aerospace test and evaluation perspective

This article deals with the use of smart transducers in the aerospace community. The use of smart sensors has the potential to reduce the cost of installing and operating test measurement systems. Aerospace Test and Evaluation (T&E) community has not fully embraced smart transducers. There are some in use, but they tend to be built to proprietary standards. The IEEE 1451 family of standards addresses the problems that face by this community as well as other transducer users.
N-acetyl cysteine as an adjunct to standard anti-Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen in patients with dyspepsia: A prospective randomized, open-label trial

Background: Increasing antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) which is associated with diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract, has made alternative treatments necessary. This study compares the efficacy of adding N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to standard regimen for H. pylori eradication. Materials and Methods: We conducted a randomized, open-label trial, comparing the efficacy of 14 days of quadruple therapy with Amoxicillin, Bismuth citrate, Omeprazole, Clarithromycin (group A) versus 14 days of above regimen plus NAC (group B) in adult patients with dyspepsia. Primary objective was H. pylori eradication.Compliance and side effects were determined by questionnaires. Our analysis was by intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol. This study is registered with www.IRCT. ir, number: IRCT201201078634N1. Result: A total of 121 participants aged 21-76 years with a mean age of 44.5 ± 14.1, and 52.9% female, were randomly allocated a treatment: 60 with 14-day standard therapy and 61 with 14-day standard therapy with NAC. The eradication rate in groups A and B with ITT analyses was 49/60 (81.7%; 95% [confidence intervals] CI = 71.6-91.8%) and 50/61 (82%; 95% CI = 72-91.9%), respectively ( P = 0.96). In per-protocol analysis, the rate of H. pylori eradication in groups A and B was 45/54 (83.3%; 95% CI = 73.1-93.6%) and 45/53 (84.9%; 95% CI = 74.9-94.9%), respectively ( P = 0.82). Minor well tolerated side effects were reported in 15 (34.9%) and 21 (35.6%) patients of groups A and B, respectively, and only one therapy cessation in group A was created. Conclusion: Standard 14-day triple-drug therapy with NAC is not preferable to standard drug regimens for H. pylori infection.
Synergistic Cytotoxicity from Drugs and Cytokines In Vitro as an Approach to Classify Drugs According to Their Potential to Cause Idiosyncratic Hepatotoxicity: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) typically occurs in a small fraction of patients and has resulted in removal of otherwise efficacious drugs from the market. Current preclinical testing methods are ineffective in predicting which drug candidates have IDILI liability. Recent results suggest that immune mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) and interferon-γ (IFN) interact with drugs that cause IDILI to kill hepatocytes. This proof-of-concept study was designed to test the hypothesis that drugs can be classified according to their ability to cause IDILI in humans using classification modeling with covariates derived from concentration-response relationships that describe cytotoxic interaction with cytokines. Human hepatoma (HepG2) cells were treated with drugs associated with IDILI or with drugs lacking IDILI liability and cotreated with TNF and/or IFN. Detailed concentration-response relationships were determined for calculation of parameters such as the maximal cytotoxic effect, slope, and EC50 for use as covariates for classification modeling using logistic regression. These parameters were incorporated into multiple classification models to identify combinations of covariates that most accurately classified the drugs according to their association with human IDILI. Of 14 drugs associated with IDILI, almost all synergized with TNF to kill HepG2 cells and were successfully classified by statistical modeling. IFN enhanced the toxicity mediated by some IDILI-associated drugs in the presence of TNF. In contrast, of 10 drugs with little or no IDILI liability, none synergized with inflammatory cytokines to kill HepG2 cells and were classified accordingly. The resulting optimal model classified the drugs with extraordinary selectivity and specificity.
Distributions of Eustachian Tube Goblet Cells and Glands in Children with and without Otitis Media

The distributions of the goblet cells and submucosal glands in eustachian tubes (ETs) from children with or without otitis media (OM) were studied. From 12 temporal bone—ET specimens obtained from children 1 to 7 years old at death, representative vertically cut histology sections were selected, stained with periodic acid—Schiff–Alcian blue and hematoxylin, and studied by light microscopy. In children without OM, the density of the goblet cells was significantly lower in the roof than in the floor of the ET and was highest in the midcartilaginous portion; glands were most richly distributed near the pharyngeal orifice, and became less densely distributed toward the tympanic portion. In children with OM, the density of the goblet cells was significantly higher both in the roof and floor portions, and the glands were more richly distributed than in the ETs of children without OM. The possibility that the observed increase in ET secretory components in children with OM impairs the passage of air through these tubes is discussed.
Circulating markers of inflammation are related to carotid artery atherosclerosis.

AIM The role of inflammation in atherothrombotic disorders is becoming increasingly recognized. The present study prospectively investigates relationships between inflammatory markers and hemostatic variables, and non-invasive measures of carotid artery atherosclerosis. METHODS Markers of hemostasis (sP-selectin and fibrinogen), cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and MCP-1), inflammatory variables (hsCRP, SAA and calprotectin) and cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) as well as ultrasonography of the carotid arteries were assessed in 111 consecutive outpatients with manifest or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). RESULTS Thirty-eight patients with manifest cardiovascular disease had higher IL-6 (P < 0.01) but not hsCRP levels. Higher levels of IL-6, calprotectin and VCAM-1 (all P < 0.05) were found in 35 patients with carotid plaques. In the whole study population (n = 109) an increased common carotid artery lumen diameter (LD) and cross sectional intima-media area (CIMA) was related to higher IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 levels (all P < 0.05), and increased LD also to higher hsCRP, calprotectin (both P < 0.05), sP-selectin and fibrinogen levels (both P < 0.01). Both LD and CIMA were related to VCAM-1 (both P < 0.01), but not to ICAM-1 levels. The intima-media thickness of the carotid artery was only positively related to MCP-1 levels (P < 0.05). Only the relation between IL-6 and LD remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status or present lipid-lowering treatment. CONCLUSIONS Several biomarkers of inflammation are related to ultrasonographic measures of carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with moderate to high prevalence of CAD. IL-6 seems to be an independent and useful biomarker of atherosclerosis in this group of patients.