Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short- and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for undifferentiated early gastric cancer

Background and study aims: Intramucosal undifferentiated early gastric cancer (EGC) up to 2 cm in size without ulceration has been treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) because the incidence of lymph node metastasis is negligible. The aim of this retrospective study was to clarify the short-term and long-term outcomes of ESD carried out to treat undifferentiated EGC. Patients and methods: Between January 1999 and September 2011, 113 patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or signet ring cell carcinoma on preoperative biopsy underwent ESD. In 16 patients differentiated EGC had been diagnosed after the ESD and these patients were excluded from the study. Short-term outcomes were evaluated in the remaining 97 patients with undifferentiated EGC, and long-term outcomes analyzed in the 79 patients with undifferentiated EGC who had undergone ESD between 1999 and 2008. Results: En bloc and R0 resection were achieved in 99.0 % and 90.7 % of patients, respectively. Median procedure time was 45 minutes. Postoperative bleeding, perforation during the procedure, and delayed perforation were noted in 4.1 %, 3.1 %, and 1.0 % respectively. Curative resection was achieved in 63.9 %. Additional surgery was performed in 21 of 35 patients in whom resection was noncurative: one (4.8 %) had local residual tumor and two (9.5 %) had lymph node metastases. Of the 46 /79 patients in the long-term outcome group who had curative resection, none had local recurrence or lymph node or distant metastasis during a median follow-up of 76.4 months. The 5-year overall mortality rate after curative resection was 7.0 %, and no patient died of gastric cancer. Conclusions: ESD for undifferentiated EGC can achieve curative resection with an excellent 5-year mortality rate.
Relationship between oxygen consumption and oxygen delivery during anesthesia in high‐risk surgical patients

ObjectiveTo identify critical oxygen delivery (Do2) and oxygen extraction ratio in high-risk surgical patients studied preoperatively and intraoperatively. DesignProspective study. Consecutive series of intraoperatively monitored patients. SettingThe surgical ICU in a tertiary care center. PatientsHigh-risk surgical patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery. InterventionsNone. Measurements and Main ResultsTwenty high-risk patients were studied during the preopera-tive and intraoperative periods. All patients were monitored with triple-lumen thermodilution catheters. Hemodynamic profiles consisted of determinations of intravascular pressures, cardiac output, and arterial and venous pulmonary gases. Oxygen transport variables were calculated by standard formulas. Multiple determinations were carried out during the perioperative period in each patient. The critical levels of Do2, determined by a polynomial regression method, were 375 and 390 mL/min/m2 in the preoperative and intraoperative periods, respectively. Oxygen extraction reached at the critical level of Do2 was significantly (p < .01) lower during the intra-operative period (31 ± 4.5% vs. 18 ± 2.3%). Critical mixed venous oxygen tension was significantly (p < .01) higher in the intraoperative period (36 ± 5 vs. 46 ± 4 torr [4.8 ± 0.7 vs. 6.1 ± 0.5 kPa]). ConclusionsOur data show that the intraoperative period might be associated with a reduction in tissue ability to extract oxygen. If this reduction in oxygen extraction is proportion ately higher than the reduction in metabolish oxygen demand produced by anesthetic agent and hypothermia, then the critical value for Do may be similar to, or higher than, that value the preoperative period. Thus, the intraope tive period represents, for this patient popu tion, a high-risk condition for the developm of a tissue oxygenation debt in the presence of a limitation in Do2. Cautious dosing of inhaled agents, maintenance of normothermia, and early optimization of the oxygen delivery/oxygen consumption relationship seem to constitute reasonable measures in the intraoperative handling of these patients in order to red perioperative morbidity and mortality. (Car Care Med 1993; 21:64–69)
Real exchange rate undervaluation and sectoral growth in South Africa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the empirical link between real exchange rate (RER) undervaluation and sectoral growth in South Africa between 1984 and 2014. Design/methodology/approach The study employs a dynamic panel data approach estimated by the system generalised method of moments technique in a bid to control for endogeneity. Findings The authors find a significant positive impact of undervaluation on sectoral growth which increases with capital accumulation. Also, the authors confirm that undervaluation promotes sectoral growth up to a point where further increases in undervaluation retards growth. Practical implications The results confirm the importance of policies that keep the domestic currency weaker to foster sectoral growth. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in establishing the impact of exchange rate undervaluation on growth at a sector level in the context of South Africa using a dynamic panel data approach.
Good, Bad and Very Bad Part-time Jobs for Women? Re-examining the Importance of Occupational Class for Job Quality since the ‘Great Recession’ in Britain

Britain has long stood out in Europe for its extensive but poor-quality part-time labour market dominated by women workers, who are concentrated in lower-level jobs demanding few skills and low levels of education, offering weak wage rates and restricted advancement opportunities. This article explores trends in part-time job quality for women up to and beyond the recession of 2008/9, and asks whether post-recessionary job quality remains differentiated by occupational class. A pre-recessionary narrowing of the part-time/full-time gap in job quality appears to have been maintained for the women in higher-level part-time jobs, while part- and full-timers in lower-level jobs suffered the worst effects of the recession, signalling deepening occupational class inequalities among working women.
Grief and bereavement in people with intellectual disabilities

Purpose of review The aim of this article is to present and synthesize recent research on grief and bereavement in people with intellectual disabilities, incorporating relevant studies with the general population. Recent findings Work in the general population is currently focusing on achieving greater clarity in our understanding of typical and atypical reactions to grief. Although much of this research is relevant to people with intellectual disabilities, this group also presents unique challenges. These include variation in understanding of death, a continuum of grief reactions including pathological or complicated grief, and additional demands faced by professional carers and staff working in this area. However, the research activity is somewhat limited in that it has relied on small-scale studies. Summary The possible recognition of prolonged grief disorder as a distinct clinical entity will have a significant impact on research and intervention of people with pathological or complicated grief. To date, no prospective study of grief and bereavement has been conducted among people with intellectual disabilities. This is essential to best understand the course of grief and complicated grief in people with intellectual disabilities and minimize the levels of functional impairment.
Radiographic abnormalities among Finnish construction, shipyard and asbestos industry workers.

OBJECTIVES The prevalence of asbestos-related radiographic abnormalities was surveyed among Finnish construction, shipyard, and asbestos industry workers. METHODS The radiographic screening focused on active and retired workers who were under the age of 70 years and had been employed for at least 10 years in construction or for at least 1 year in shipyards or in the asbestos industry. In 1990-1992, 18,943 people participated in an X-ray examination of the lungs and an interview on work history and exposure. The criteria for a positive radiological finding were (i) small irregular lung opacities clearly consistent with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (ILO 1/1 or higher), (ii) lung opacities indicating mild pulmonary fibrosis (ILO 1/0) with unilateral or bilateral pleural plaques, (iii) marked adhesions with or without thickening of the visceral pleura, or (iv) findings consistent with bilateral pleural plaques. RESULTS Fulfilling the criteria were 4133 workers (22%) (22% from construction, 16% from shipyards, and 24% from the asbestos industry). The radiological findings included signs of pulmonary fibrosis (3%), changes in the visceral pleura (7%), bilateral plaques (17%), and unilateral plaques (10%). Occupational disease was diagnosed according to the Finnish insurance regulations for three-fourths of those referred for further examinations, 96% being abnormalities in the pleura and 4% being asbestosis. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to asbestos dust has been common in ordinary construction work, and, consequently, radiographic abnormalities (mostly pleural) occur frequently among active and retired construction workers.
The Term Structure of Expected Recovery Rates

There is widespread agreement that corporate debts’ recovery rates are time varying, but empirical work in this area is limited. We show that the joint information from the term structure of senior and subordinate credit default swaps can identify the level and the dynamics of recovery rates. We estimate a reduced-form no-arbitrage model on 46 firms across different industries. We find that the term structure of expected recovery rates is, on average, downward sloping. However, an inversion occurs during the 2008 crisis, suggesting the market expects higher recoveries conditional on short-term survival. The inversion is more pronounced for firms in distressed industries.
Structure of carotid artery in baboon and rat and differences in their response to endothelial denudation angioplasty

BACKGROUND. Most studies dealing with vascular response to injury have been conducted using rodent and rabbit models, although it is expected that the response to injury in these species is dissimilar from man. AIMS. Here we compare the structure of native carotid artery in rat and baboon and the response of these vessels to endothelial denudation angioplasty. METHODS. In both species, the carotid is a musculoelastic artery. Only baboon carotid has a distinct intima, correlating in size with the weight of male baboons. Complete endothelial denudation of left carotid was performed on eight male baboons and 24 male rats by applying an equivalent pull force with a Fogarthy catheter. The animals were sacrificed prior to and 15 min and 2, 3, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days postinjury, one baboon and three rats per time point. RESULTS. Re-endothelialization in the baboon was complete already on day 4, whereas in the rat it was still incomplete on day 28. The proliferative response to injury was far smaller in the baboon than in the rat, the intimal area increased only by 5-fold in baboon compared with 25-fold in rat, and the number of intimal nuclei by 4-fold in baboon compared with 12-fold in rat. Complete compensatory remodelling of the lumen size occurred in the baboon, whereas in the rat remodelling remained incomplete. The cell types participating in the response were, however, similar: deposition of thrombocytes on denuded luminal surface, expression of α-actin by intimal cells, and lack of any significant white cell infiltration in the denuded intima. CONCLUSIONS. Baboon carotids are very different from rat carotids both in their native structure and in their response to injury. With the limited amount of information available from human vessels, baboon carotids closely resemble human carotids in both respects.
A comprehensive approach to the molecular determinants of lifespan using a Boolean model of geroconversion

Altered molecular responses to insulin and growth factors (GF) are responsible for late‐life shortening diseases such as type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancers. We have built a network of the signaling pathways that control S‐phase entry and a specific type of senescence called geroconversion. We have translated this network into a Boolean model to study possible cell phenotype outcomes under diverse molecular signaling conditions. In the context of insulin resistance, the model was able to reproduce the variations of the senescence level observed in tissues related to T2DM's main morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, by calibrating the pharmacodynamics of mTOR inhibitors, we have been able to reproduce the dose‐dependent effect of rapamycin on liver degeneration and lifespan expansion in wild‐type and HER2–neu mice. Using the model, we have finally performed an in silico prospective screen of the risk–benefit ratio of rapamycin dosage for healthy lifespan expansion strategies. We present here a comprehensive prognostic and predictive systems biology tool for human aging.
Factors promoting psychological adjustment to childhood atopic eczema

Research has found that children with atopic eczema are more likely to experience psychosocial difficulties than would be expected within the general population. This article aims to explore the relationship between child, parent and family factors in promoting positive adjustment to atopic eczema. Children aged five to 11 years with atopic eczema and their parents were identified from a specialist children's dermatology clinic. Seventy-four respondents completed questionnaires assessing child behaviour, parental well-being and family functioning. Parental psychological health, a supportive family environment and low impact of atopic eczema on family functioning were found to predict lower levels of internalizing behaviour (anxiety, depression and social withdrawal). These findings emphasize the importance of family and parental psychological processes rather than biomedical variables in promoting positive adjustment to atopic eczema.
TWEAK/Fn14 Activation Participates in Ro52-Mediated Photosensitization in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) binds to its sole receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), participating in various inflammatory responses. Recently, TWEAK/Fn14 activation was found prominent in the lesions of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). This study was designed to further reveal the potential role of this pathway in Ro52-mediated photosensitization. TWEAK, Fn14, and Ro52 were determined in the skin lesions of patients with CLE. Murine keratinocytes received ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation or plus TWEAK stimulation and underwent detection for Ro52 and proinflammatory cytokines. The chemotaxis of J774.2 macrophages was evaluated on TWEAK stimulation of cocultured keratinocytes. We found that TWEAK, Fn14, and downstream cytokines were highly expressed in CLE lesions that overexpressed Ro52. Moreover, TWEAK enhanced the UVB-induced Ro52 upregulation in murine keratinocytes. Meanwhile, TWEAK stimulation of keratinocytes favored the migration of macrophages through promoting the production of chemokine C–C motif ligands 17 and 22. Furthermore, Fn14 siRNA transfection or nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor abrogated the TWEAK enhancement of Ro52 expression in keratinocytes. Similarly, TNF receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2) siRNA reduced the protein level of Ro52 in these cells upon TWEAK stimulation. Interestingly, UVB irradiation increased the expression of TNF receptor type 1 (TNFR1) but not affecting TNFR2 expression in keratinocytes. In conclusion, the TWEAK/Fn14 signaling participates in Ro52-mediated photosensitization and involves the activation of NF-κB pathway as well as the function of the TRAF2/TNFR partners.
Interprofessional education in a primary care teaching clinic: findings from a study involving pharmacy and medical students

Abstract Interprofessional education (IPE) can be hindered by the lack of infrastructure required to support it. We developed a clinical IPE experience for medical and pharmacy students built upon an existing infrastructure. We created tools to orient students to IPE and had students participate in pharmacist-led and physician-led IPE clinics. Results from the surveys indicated that after participating in the IPE experience, there were no significant changes in attitudes toward interprofessional teamwork or attitudes toward different members of the healthcare team. Students found less value in tools outlining roles and responsibilities of team members, on-line modules about the other profession, and IPE group discussion. They placed more value on the actual clinical experience. Themes derived from analysis of open-ended survey questions reflected the value that students placed on interprofessional interaction in the setting of direct patient care.
Macular retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in patients on hydroxychloroquine therapy.

PURPOSE We evaluated macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with chronic exposure to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). METHODS This study included 130 subjects, who were divided into three groups: Group 1A, 55 patients with HCQ use ≥5 years; Group 1B, 46 patients with HCQ use <5 years; and Group 2, 29 normal controls. In all patients with exposure to HCQ, fundus examination, automated threshold perimetry, fundus autofluorescence photography, SD-OCT, and GC-IPL thickness measurement using the Cirrus HD-OCT ganglion cell analysis algorithm were performed. Average and minimum macular GC-IPL thickness were compared between subjects groups, and correlations between GC-IPL thickness and duration or total dose of HCQ use were analyzed. RESULTS Among the 101 patients of Group 1, six patients who showed clinically evident HCQ retinopathy also showed markedly thin macular GC-IPL. In addition, weak but significant negative correlations were observed between the average and minimum GC-IPL thickness of Group 1 patients and cumulative dose of HCQ, even when analyzing without the six patients with HCQ retinopathy. However, when analyzing after exclusion of patients with high cumulative doses (>1000 g), significant correlations were not observed. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that macular GC-IPL thickness did not show definite correlations with HCQ use. However, some patients, especially with HCQ retinopathy or high cumulative doses, showed thin GC-IPL.
Commonalities and challenges: A review of Australian state and territory maternity and child health policies

Abstract Nurses and midwives play a key role in providing universal maternal, child and family health services in Australia. However, the Australian federation of states and territories has resulted in policy frameworks that differ across jurisdictions and services that are fragmented across disciplines and sectors. This paper reports the findings of a study that reviewed and synthesised current Australian service policy or frameworks for maternity and child health services in order to identify the degree of commonality across jurisdictions and the compatibility with international research on child development. Key maternity and child health service policy documents in each jurisdiction were sourced. The findings indicate that current policies were in line with international research and policy directions, emphasising prevention and early intervention, continuity of care, collaboration and integrated services. The congruence of policies suggests the time is right to consider the introduction of a national approach to universal maternal, child health services.
Risky single-occasion drinking: bingeing is not bingeing.

AIMS To review the concept of binge drinking as a measure of risky single occasion drinking (RSOD), to illustrate its differential impact on selected health outcomes and to identify research gaps. METHODS Narrative literature review with focus on conceptual and methodological differences, trajectories of RSOD and effects of RSOD on fetal outcomes, coronary heart disease (CHD) and injuries. RESULTS Effects ascribed commonly to RSOD may often be the effects of an undifferentiated mixture of risky single occasions and regular heavy volume drinking, constituted by frequent, successive RSOD. This leads to the problem that additional risks due to RSOD are mis-specified and remain unidentified or underestimated in some cases, such as for injuries or CHD, but are probably overstated for some chronic consequences or for effects of maternal drinking on newborns. CONCLUSION A stronger focus should be placed upon methods that can differentiate the effects of RSOD from those due to frequent occasions of heavy drinking that result in heavy volume drinking.
Comprehensive analysis of 20q13 genes in ovarian cancer identifies ADRM1 as amplification target

Approximately 25,000 ovarian cancers are diagnosed in the US annually, and 75% of cases are in the advanced stage when they are largely incurable. There is a critical need for improved early detection tools and development of novel treatments. Because chromosome band 20q13 is a commonly DNA amplified region in ovarian cancer and increase in 20q13 copy number may be an early event, we examined the DNA amplification and RNA expression pattern of 239 microarray probes mapping to this region with the goal of identifying gene(s) associated with ovarian cancer. Using Agilent expression microarray analysis and FISH to tumor tissue arrays, we narrowed the candidates to 19 genes that were consistently overexpressed in a subset of tumors amplified for both ZNF217 and TPD54, although, interestingly the candidates do not include these two amplified genes. Unsupervised clustering of 225 ovarian samples with respect to RNA expression of these 19 genes allowed identification of a 20q‐amplified subset of 51 (23%) tumors and this subset was significantly correlated with poor outcome. Of the 19 candidate genes in this subset, ADRM1 overexpression was the most highly correlated with amplification, was amplified in a higher percentage of tumors than ZNF217 and TPD54, and was significantly upregulated with respect to stage, recurrence and metastasis. In addition, overexpression of ADRM1 correlates significantly with shorter time to recurrence and overall survival. Functional analysis is now warranted to determine whether ADRM1 is a target for early screening and/or therapy for ovarian cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intra-industry information transfers: evidence from changes in implied volatility around earnings announcements

We examine whether there is intra-industry information transfer with respect to the second moment of returns around earnings announcements. Using implied volatility from option prices to proxy for uncertainty about firm fundamentals, we find a significantly positive association between changes in the implied volatility of each industry’s first announcer and its peers around the first announcer’s earnings announcement, suggesting that earnings announcements help resolve uncertainty about the value of not only the announcing firm but also its peers. This result holds after controlling for information transfer with respect to the first moment of returns. We further find that the extent of second-moment information transfer is stronger for long-duration options, when the announcer has higher earnings quality, reports positive earnings news, or is a bellwether firm and during periods of greater macroeconomic uncertainty. Our findings suggest that peers’ earnings announcements represent an important disclosure that conveys timely information about industry uncertainty.