Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term halocarbon observations from a coastal and an inland site in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo

Short-lived halocarbons are believed to have im- portant sources in the tropics, where rapid vertical trans- port could provide a significant source to the stratosphere. In this study, quasi-continuous measurements of short-lived halocarbons are reported for two tropical sites in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo), one coastal and one inland (rainforest). We present the observations for C2Cl4, CHBr3, CH2Br 2 (ac- tually 80 % CH2Br2 and 20 % CHBrCl2) and CH3I from November 2008 to January 2010 made using ourµDirac gas chromatographs with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). We focus on the first 15 months of observations, show- ing over one annual cycle for each compound and there- fore adding significantly to the few limited-duration obser- vational studies that have been conducted thus far in south- east Asia. The main feature in the C2Cl4 behaviour at both sites is its annual cycle, with the winter months being in- fluenced by northerly flow with higher concentrations, typ- ical of the Northern Hemisphere, and with the summer months influenced by southerly flow and lower concentra- tions representative of the Southern Hemisphere. No such clear annual cycle is seen for CHBr3, CH2Br 2 or CH3I. The baseline values for CHBr3 and CH2Br 2 are similar at the coastal (overall median: CHBr3 1.7 ppt, CH2Br 2 1.4 ppt) and inland sites (CHBr3 1.6 ppt, CH2Br 2 1.1 ppt), but pe- riods with elevated values are seen at the coast (overall 95th percentile: CHBr3 4.4 ppt, CH2Br 2 1.9 ppt), presum- ably resulting from the stronger influence of coastal emis- sions. Overall median bromine values from (CHBr3 ◊ 3) + (CH2Br 2 ◊ 2) are 8.0 ppt at the coast and 6.8 ppt inland. The median values reported here are largely consistent with other limited tropical data and imply that southeast Asia gener- ally is not, as has been suggested, a hot spot for emissions of these compounds. These baseline values are consistent with the most recent emissions found for southeast Asia us- ing the p-TOMCAT (Toulouse Off-line Model of Chemistry And Transport) model. CH3I, which is only observed at the coastal site, is the shortest-lived compound measured in this study, and the observed atmospheric variations reflect this, with high variability throughout the study period.
Caucasian and south Asian men show equivalent improvements in surrogate biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health following 6-weeks of supervised resistance training

Background: The South Asian population have greater cardiovascular risk than their age-matched Caucasian counterparts, characterized by unfavorable biomarkers. South Asians may also be partially resistant to the pleiotropic benefits of physical activity on cardiovascular health. There is a current absence of studies that compare markers of cardio-metabolic health between Caucasians and South Asians employing resistance exercise. This study set out to compare the response in biomarkers of cardio-metabolic health in Caucasians and South Asians in response to resistance exercise. Methods: Caucasian (n=15, 25.5 ± 4.8 yrs) and South Asian (n=13, 25.4 ± 7.0 yrs) males completed a 6-week progressive resistance exercise protocol. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, and their product insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TRIGS), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), asymmetric dimythylarginine (ADMA), L-arginine (L-ARG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were established at baseline and following resistance exercise. Results: There were significant improvements in fasting glucose, TC, LDL, HDL and VEGF in both groups following resistance exercise ( p<0.05, for all). No change was observed in insulin, HOMA-IR, TRIGS, ADMA, L-ARG following resistance exercise ( p>0.05, in both groups). CRP increased in the South Asian group ( p<0.05) but not the Caucasian group ( p>0.05) Conclusions: The cardio-metabolic response to resistance exercise is comparable in young Caucasian and South Asian males though inflammatory response to exercise may be prolonged in South Asians.
In sacco Degradation Characteristics of Crop Residues and Selected Roughages in Brahman-Thai Native Crossbred Steers

Three crop residues and five roughages were selected to evaluate nutritive value using nylon bag technique. Nylon bag technique was conducted in two rumen fistulae Brahman-Thai native crossbred steers. Steers were fed 0.5% BW of concentrate and rice straw ad libitum. The treatments were 1) water hyacinth, 2) kraphanghom, 3) corn stover, 4) cassava hay, 5) sugarcane top, 6) Chinese spinach, 7) rice straw and 8) cavalcade hay. The result indicate that the rapidly soluble fraction ( a) of DM OM and CP were highest in Chinese spinach (P<0.01). The lowest rapidly soluble fraction ( a) of DM, OM were observed in sugarcane top (P<0.01). The potential degradable fractions ( b) of OM and CP were highest (P<0.01) in cassava hay and the lowest potentially degradable fractions ( b) of DM and OM were found in Chinese spinach. Degradation rate of DM, OM and CP in Chinese spinach was fastest. The slowest degradation rates of DM and OM were observed in water hyacinth, whereas the slowest degradation rate of CP was observed in rice straw. The effective degradability of DM, OM and CP were highest in Chinese spinach. Effective degradability of DM and OM were lowest in sugarcane top. Crop residue and selected roughages having nutritive value for ruminant feed ranked from the highest to the lowest were: Chinese spinach, krapanghom, cassava hay, corn stover, cavalcade hay, water hyacinth, rice straw and sugarcane top, respectively. Key word: in sacco, roughage, rumen degradation
Nitrogen and oxygen availabilities control water column nitrous oxide production during seasonal anoxia in the Chesapeake Bay

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas and an ozone depletion agent. Estuaries that are subject to seasonal anoxia are generally regarded as N2O sources. However, insufficient understanding of the environmental controls on N2O production results in large uncertainty about the estuarine contribution to the global N2O budget. Incubation experiments with nitrogen stable isotope tracer were used to investigate the geochemical factors controlling N2O production from denitrification in the Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in North America. The highest potential rates of water column N2O production via denitrification (7.5±1.2 nmol-N L−1 h−1) were detected during summer anoxia, during which oxidized nitrogen species (nitrate and nitrite) were absent from the water column. At the top of the anoxic layer, N2O production from denitrification was stimulated by addition of nitrate and nitrite. The relative contribution of nitrate and nitrite to N2O production was positively correlated with the ratio of nitrate to nitrite concentrations. Increased oxygen availability, up to 7 µmol L−1 oxygen, inhibited both N2O production and the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. In spring, high oxygen and low abundance of denitrifying microbes resulted in undetectable N2O production from denitrification. Thus, decreasing the nitrogen input into the Chesapeake Bay has two potential impacts on the N2O production: a lower availability of nitrogen substrates may mitigate short-term N2O emissions during summer anoxia; and, in the long-run (timescale of years), eutrophication will be alleviated and subsequent reoxygenation of the bay will further inhibit N2O production.
Baculovirus biopesticides - a safe alternative to chemical protection of plants

Chemical pest control agents, though extensively used in all countries of the world, have been widely regarded as ecologically unacceptable. Therefore, there is the increased social pressure to replace them gradually with biopesticides which are safe to humans and non-target organisms. Viruses of a few families infect invertebrates but only those belonging to the family Baculoviridae have been used as biopesticides because they are safe to wildlife and their specificity is very narrow. Until recently, the application as bioinsectides was limited because of their slow killing action and technical problems for in vitro commercial production. However, successful protection of large area of soybean fields in Brazil revived the interest in baculoviruses as effective agents for biocontrol and the wider application for pest control is very likely to occur in future. To improve baculovirus killing properties, two approaches can be foreseen: i) in countries where use of genetically modified organisms is restricted, changes in biopesticide formulations and the improvements of the in vitro production are to be expected, ii) in countries with more relaxed attitude towards genetically modified organisms, the killing activity of baculoviruses will be improved by genetic modifications of the baculovirus genome.
Evaluation of some pepper genotypes as rootstocks in water stress conditions

Penella C. , Nebauer S.G. , Lopez-Galarza S. , SanBautista A. , Rodriguez-Burruezo A. , Calatayud A. , 2014. Evaluation of some pepper genotypes as rootstocks in water stress conditions . Hort. Sci. (Prague), 41: 192–200. Water stress is a major environmental factor that limits crop production and it is important to develop crop varie ties with higher yield under water scarcity. Increased pepper tolerance to water stress through grafting onto robust rootstocks could be an optimal alternative in the context of environmentally friendly agriculture. Our work evaluated the behaviour of 18 pepper genotypes during vegetative and reproductive stages under water stress in order to select tolerant genotypes to be used as rootstocks for pepper cultivation. The pepper tolerance screening was based on pho tosynthetic parameters. The genotypes Atlante, C-40, Serrano, PI-152225, ECU-973, BOL-58 and NuMex Conquistador were revealed as the most tolerant genotypes to water stress because they maintained net photosynthetic rate levels under water stress conditions. The selected genotypes were validated as rootstocks on a pepper cultivar in terms of productivity under severe water stress. Plants grafted onto cvs Atlante, PI-152225 and ECU-973 showed higher market
The expansion of biogas fuelled power plants in Germany during the 2001-2010 decade: Main sustainable conclusions for Poland

In the period 2001-2010 the number of biogas fuelled power plants have increased in Germany by almost 20% year-on-year, from 1050 at the beginning of 2001 to 6000 at the end of 2010. The main drivers behind this rapid expansion were: (i) technological advancement, (ii) attractive financial incentives such as feed-in-tariffs, (iii) the search for increasing energy security and (iv) the strong German farming sector. Due to existing similarities between German and Polish economies, Poland has the potential to replicate Germany's example and Polish biogas energy might also undergo expansion at a similar rate in the near-term. This article reviews aspects of Polish energy policy and investigates factors that could provide impetus for an upsurge of agricultural biogas energy in Poland. It is emphasized that amendments to the Polish tradable certificate system are urgently needed in order to encourage investment into biogas energy. For instance, the introduction of biomass and technological bonuses could improve feedstock availability and boost the take-up of best available biopower technologies, respectively. Promising, but mostly unexplored feedstock potentials in Poland, such as energy crops, grasses, sorted municipal organic wastes and algae are discussed. The role of agrobiogas in the possible solving of Polish CCS dilemmas is explained. Further, it is shown that the cost of electricity is almost independent of the size of agrobiogas CHP power plants in the range of 0.2 to 5 MW e . Therefore, agrobiogas energy could be dominated by small-scale agrobiogas power plants offering more green jobs and improved local waste management characteristics. New national and international research and development initiatives are needed in order to enhance the development of biogas energy in Poland.
Flow, Work Satisfactions and Psychological Well-Being among Nurses in Turkish Hospitals

This exploratory study examined the relationship between the experience of flow at work and indicators of satisfaction, engagement and psychological well-being of nursing staff working in Turkish hospitals. This emphasis was consistent with emerging trends in both psychology and organizational studies, termed positive psychology or positive organizational scholarship respectively, to focus on strengths and excellence rather than dissatisfaction and pathology. Data were collected from 224 staff nurses in Ankara Turkey using anonymously completed questionnaires, a 37% response rate. Hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for both personal demographic and work situation characteristics, indicated that flow accounted for significant increments in explained variance on most work outcome measures but not on indicators of psychological well-being. Explanations for the association of flow with favorable outcomes are offered along with potentially practical implications
Cost Analysis of partially replaced Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with Groundnut Shell Ash in a Concrete Mix

The cost analysis of partially replaced cement with groundnut shell ash (GSA) was conducted to ascertain the percentage reduction in price of cement in concrete.nbsp Researchers have revealed that agricultural wastes are viable replacement materials, especially for cement in concrete. GSA was used in this research and the percentage level of cement replacement adopted were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. Workability was measured in the fresh concrete by the Slump test and 100mm x 100mm x 100mm cube specimens were tested for compressive strength at 7, 14 21 and 28days using a concrete mix ratio of 1:2:4 and water cement ratio of 0.55. Results showed that workability reduced with increase in percentage of GSA replacement with an acceptable value of 15mm for 15% replacement, if mechanical vibrator is to be employed. Compressive strengths of 32.01 N/mm2 and 31.78N/mm2 were obtained at 5% and 10% of replacement of cement respectively. While the maximum strength of the specimen with 0% replacement was 34.22N/mm2. Compressive strength values of 32.01 N/mm2 and 31.78N/mm2 for the 5% and 10% cement replacement also satisfied the provisions for minimum structural grade concrete of 25N/mm2. This leads to economy of material and enhances the alternative USAge of agricultural wastes. The use of 10% GSA replacement leads to a decrease in the cost of cement in concrete to a value of 10% of the total cost of cement required. The cost saving becomes significant when large volume of concrete is involved in construction.
Counterfactual thinking: Study of the focus effect of scenarios and blame ascriptions to victim and perpetrator

In two different studies we examined the focus effect of a scenario (i.e., the fact that a given character is the protagonist of a story) on two interconnected domains: the generation of counterfactual thoughts and the ascription of blame. It was hypothesised that being the focal agent of a story would not only lead to more counterfactuals centred on him or her, but also to greater ascriptions of blame as it would be easier to imagine how that actor could have behaved differently had he chosen or wanted to, and thus avoided a deleterious outcome. Different negatively-valenced scenarios depicting a certain misfortune such as a mugging were created in which victim, perpetrator or both characters were the centre of the story. Results showed that placing either victim or perpetrator as the protagonist of a scenario increases the number of counterfactual thoughts centred on that character, but does not necessarily increase the blame attributed to him or her as the perpetrator was always ascribed more blame than the victim, irrespective of who was the protagonist. Study 2’s findings replicate those of Study 1 even with a different experimental design, modified materials, and various counterbalancing measures, hence suggesting that being the protagonist enables one to easily consider counterfactual alternatives involving that actor, but does not prevent one from identifying who is rightfully to blame for a given misfortune. The results and their implications were interpreted according to different theoretical perspectives and possible future avenues of research are discussed.
EFFECTS OF DRAG-REDUCING POLYMERS ON TURBULENCE GROWTH AND BURSTING IN NEAR MINIMAL CHANNELS AND EXTENDED DOMAINS

Two major problems in viscoelastic turbulence, the effects of polymers on the laminarturbulent transition dynamics and the origin of the maximum drag reduction asymptote, can be both better understood in the regime near the margin of turbulence. In the first part of this thesis, direct numerical simulation trajectories initiated from the edge state are used to follow its unstable manifold into the turbulent basin. In Newtonian flow, the growth of turbulence starts with the intensification of velocity streaks and a sharp rise in the Reynolds shear stress. It is followed by a quick breakdown into high-intensity small-scale fluctuations before entering the core of turbulence. Adding drag-reducing polymers does not affect the initial growth of turbulence but stabilizes the primary streak-vortex structure, which help the flow circumvent the breakdown stage. Throughout the process, polymers act in reaction to the growing turbulence and do not drive the instability. This part not only reveals the transition dynamics into turbulence but also presents a comprehensive view of the bursting stage observed in the near-wall self-sustaining cycle, which starts as the flow leaves hibernating turbulence and is redirected towards the turbulent basin by the unstable manifold of the edge state. On the other hand, this thesis also discusses the effects of polymer addition on the
Differences in Cognitive Structure as a Function of Level of Stereotyping of Women.

This study eiatined the manner in.which people who differed in degree-of stereotyping:of-women organized.sets of ,gendet4Televant information. TheGender. -Expectandies =Oa measure was Oed-toaSseas degree Of:steretitiOing. :COgnitiveor4anization was assestedin-two-WaYS. :Firsti.Pi-incipal=dOmponent factor analYses using--avarimax rotation-were done on the dtem lilielihood ratio OdOrptfroi the GE. Second, cluster analyses were performed on the Elialnation,. Potency,-and Activity scorn derived from-a semantic differential based-on 15 sOales. Hubjects in the factor analytic studyiere 471-students frOm4 Universitk.and a community college: 10I-high stereotypy male0,. 101 low stereotypy males, 134 high stereotypy females, -and. 135 lowttereotypy females. A subset of 32 maleS-and 53 females particirated in a cluster analytic study. The data strongly miggest that individual differences in stereotyping of women are not.simply a matter of degree of endorsement of a particular perception of women as a group. There appear to be Important differences in how infortation regarding gender of persons and roles is organized by perscins high and low in degree of differentiation of women from the population. The findings suggest that individual differences in stereotyping can be understood as qualitative differences in the cognitive organization of information about the sexes as well as quantitative differences in attribution of a particular quality to women. (NB) *******************************************************************M*** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can DTI made * * from the original document. * ***********************************************************************
In vitro degradation and gas production of glycerin generated in the biodiesel production chain

This study was realized to evaluate the production of gas and volatile fatty acids when glycerin was used to replace four forage species through the use of a semi-automated technique in vitro. The experimental design included 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of increasing levels of glycerin (0, 30, 50 and 70%), which was used to replace the forage plants Elephant grass, sugar cane silage, corn silage and Brachiaria grass. Replacement of the Brachiaria and Elephant grasses with glycerin linearly reduced the production of methane and carbon dioxide and ammonia nitrogen and had a positive effect on forage quality (p < 0.05). With the addition of glycerin, the values for acetate concentration decreased (p < 0.05); however, when added glycerin there was increased in propionic and butyric acid concentration (p < 0.05). Substitution of forage species for glycerin by tests for semi-automatic technique in vitro reduce the production of greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2) which reduction in energy loss, and increase volatile fatty acids propionic and butyric.
Modeling CMB lensing cross correlations with CLEFT

A new generation of surveys will soon map large fractions of sky to ever greater depths and their science goals can be enhanced by exploiting cross correlations between them. In this paper we study cross correlations between the lensing of the CMB and biased tracers of large-scale structure at high z. We motivate the need for more sophisticated bias models for modeling increasingly biased tracers at these redshifts and propose the use of perturbation theories, specifically Convolution Lagrangian Effective Field Theory (CLEFT). Since such signals reside at large scales and redshifts, they can be well described by perturbative approaches. We compare our model with the current approach of using scale independent bias coupled with fitting functions for non-linear matter power spectra, showing that the latter will not be sufficient for upcoming surveys. We illustrate our ideas by estimating σ8 from the auto- and cross-spectra of mock surveys, finding that CLEFT returns accurate and unbiased results at high z. We discuss uncertainties due to the redshift distribution of the tracers, and several avenues for future development.
Correlation between Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and HIV-1 Viral Load Level and CD4 Count in Pregnant Women on Antiretroviral Therapy in N’djamena (Chad)

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the ＂Centre de l'Appui Psycho-Medico-Social (APMS)＂ which is a centre for Psychological and Medical Support in N'Djamena (Chad) from January to March 2014. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and viral load level and CD4 count in seventy-six (76) HIV-1 infected pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Urine culture and bacteria identification were performed by using a chromogenic culture medium (UriselectR4). T CD4+ lymphocytes count and viral load measurement were done respectively on PIMA^(TM) test and Abbott m2000 RealTime HIV-1. In this study, 25 (32.9%) pregnant women were carrying ASB and major bacteria; Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae known to cause neonatal meningitis to newborns were identified. Bacteria were isolated mainly in women with CD4 lymphocytes ＜ 200 cells/mm^3 (60%) (15/25) and a viral load ＞ 3log (70%) (19/25). Besides the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV, which remains a goal, it is important to prevent also the transmission of other microorganisms causing neonatal infections. Our findings support the needs to do bacteriological analysis of urine in every HIV-infected pregnant woman at least in late pregnancy. infections. Our findings support the needs to do bacteriological analysis of urine in every HIV-infected pregnant woman at least in late pregnancy.