Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultra-High Gradient Dielectric Wakefield Accelerator Experiments

Ultra-high gradient dielectric wakefield accelerators are a potential option for a linear collider afterburner since they are immune to the ion collapse and electron/positron asymmetry problems implicit in a plasma based afterburner. The first phase of an experiment to study the performance of dielectric Cerenkov wakefield accelerating structures at extremely high gradients in the GV/m range has been completed. The experiment took advantage of the unique SLAC FFTB electron beam and its ultra-short pulse lengths and high currents (e.g., s z = 20 m m at Q = 3 nC). The FFTB electron beam was successfully focused down and sent through short lengths of fused silica capillary tubing (ID = 200 m m / OD = 325 m m). The pulse length of the electron beam was varied to produce a range of electric fields between 2 and 20 GV/m at the inner surface of the dielectric tubes. We observed a sharp increase in optical emissions from the capillaries in the middle part of this surface field range which we believe indicates the transition between sustainable field levels and breakdown. If this initial interpretation is correct, the surfaced fields that were sustained equate to on axis accelerating field of several GV/m. In future experiments being developed for the SLAC SABER and BNL ATF we plan to use the coherent Cerenkov radiation emitted from the capillary tube as a field strength diagnostic and demonstrate GV/m range particle energy gain.
Cyclists injured while sharing the road with motor vehicles

Objective: To provide national estimates of non-fatal cyclist injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments (EDs) resulting from an encounter with a motor vehicle (MV) on the road. Methods: Non-fatal injury data for 2001–4 from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program were analyzed. Results: An estimated 62 267 persons (21.5 per 100 000 population; 95% CI 14.3 to 28.7) were treated annually in US hospital EDs for unintentional non-fatal cyclist injuries involving an MV on the road. Among these cases, children aged 10–14 years (65.8 per 100 000) and males (35.3 per 100 000) had the highest injury rates. Many injuries involved the extremities (41.9%). The head was the primary body part affected for 38.6% of hospitalized/transferred patients, of which about 84.7% had a principal diagnosis of a concussion or internal head injury. Conclusions: Effective road environmental interventions (eg, bicycle-friendly roadway design, intersections and crossings) along with efforts to promote safe personal behavior (eg, helmet use and following rules of the road) are needed to help reduce injuries among cyclists while sharing the road.
Give lipids a START: the StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain in mammals

The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) domain is a protein module of ∼210 residues that binds lipids, including sterols. Fifteen mammalian proteins, STARD1-STARD15, possess a START domain and these can be grouped into six subfamilies. Cholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and ceramides are ligands for STARD1/STARD3/STARD5, STARD5, STARD2/STARD10, STARD10 and STARD11, respectively. The lipids or sterols bound by the remaining 9 START proteins are unknown. Recent studies show that the C-terminal end of the domain plays a fundamental role, forming a lid over a deep lipid-binding pocket that shields the ligand from the external environment. The START domain can be regarded as a lipid-exchange and/or a lipid-sensing domain. Mammalian START proteins have diverse expression patterns and can be found free in the cytoplasm, attached to membranes or in the nucleus. They appear to function in a variety of distinct physiological processes, such as lipid transfer between intracellular compartments, lipid metabolism and modulation of signaling events. Mutation or misexpression of START proteins is linked to pathological processes, including genetic disorders, autoimmune disease and cancer.
MPs online: an evaluative study of MPs' use of web sites

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the content and usability of a sample of 50 UK MPs' web sites.Design/methodology/approach – Score sheets were developed for the evaluation of web sites based on an extensive review of the relevant literature. In addition, a questionnaire was sent to all MPs who had a web site at the time of the research.Findings – The web sites in general scored poorly in terms of content and usability. Liberal Democrats' web sites scored the highest overall. The main reason why MPs set up web sites was to improve communications with their constituents. However, many MPs had problems finding the time and funds to set up and maintain their web sites. There is a growing interest in interactive web sites.Research limitations/implications – Not every MP's web site was evaluated, nor was every MP approached regarding their attitude to web sites.Practical implications – A series of recommendations on how MPs can improve their web sites is provided. It is clear that MPs' web sit.
Microcystin-LR, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, induces alterations in mitotic chromatin and microtubule organization leading to the formation of micronuclei in Vicia faba.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Microcystin-LR (MCY-LR) is a cyanobacterial toxin, a specific inhibitor of type 1 and 2A protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) with significant impact on aquatic ecosystems. It has the potential to alter regulation of the plant cell cycle. The aim of this study was improved understanding of the mitotic alterations induced by cyanotoxin in Vicia faba, a model organism for plant cell biology studies. METHODS Vicia faba seedlings were treated over the long and short term with MCY-LR purified in our laboratory. Short-term treatments were performed on root meristems synchronized with hydroxylurea. Sections of lateral root tips were labelled for chromatin, phosphorylated histone H3 and β-tubulin via histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Mitotic activity and the occurrence of mitotic alterations were detected and analysed by fluorescence microscopy. The phosphorylation state of histone H3 was studied by Western blotting. KEY RESULTS Long-term MCY-LR exposure of lateral root tip meristems increased the percentage of either early or late mitosis in a concentration-dependent manner. We observed hypercondensed chromosomes and altered sister chromatid segregation (lagging chromosomes) leading to the formation of micronuclei, accompanied by the formation of disrupted, multipolar and monopolar spindles, disrupted phragmoplasts and the hyperphosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser10. Short-term MCY-LR treatment of synchronized cells showed that PP1 and PP2A inhibition delayed the onset of anaphase at 1 µg mL(-1) MCY-LR, accelerated cell cycle at 10 µg mL(-1) MCY-LR and induced the formation of lagging chromosomes. In this case mitotic microtubule alterations were not detected, but histone H3 was hyperphosphorylated. CONCLUSIONS MCY-LR delayed metaphase-anaphase transition. Consequently, it induced aberrant chromatid segregation and micronucleus formation that could be associated with both H3 hyperphosphorylation and altered microtubule organization. However, these two phenomena seemed to be independent. The toxin may be a useful tool in the study of plant cell cycle regulation.
Are Sham Acupuncture Interventions More Effective than (Other) Placebos? A Re-Analysis of Data from the Cochrane Review on Placebo Effects

Background and Objective: A recent Cochrane review on placebo interventions for all kinds of conditions found that ‘physical placebos’ (which included sham acupuncture) were associated with larger effects over no-treatment control groups than ‘pharmacological placebos’. We re-analyzed the data from this review to investigate whether effects associated with sham acupuncture differed from those of other ‘physical placebos’. Methods: All trials included in the Cochrane review as investigating ‘physical placebos’ were classified as investigating either (sham) acupuncture or other physical placebos. The latter group was further subclassified into groups of similar interventions. Data from the Cochrane review were re-entered into the RevMan 5 software for meta-analysis. The primary analysis was a random-effects analysis of trials reporting continuous outcomes of trials that used either sham acupuncture or other physical placebos. Results: Out of a total of 61 trials which reported a continuous outcome measure, 19 compared sham acupuncture and 42 compared other physical placebos with a notreatment control group. The trials re-analyzed were highly heterogeneous regarding patients, interventions and outcomes measured. The pooled standardized mean difference was –0.41 (95% confidence interval –0.56, –0.24) between sham acupuncture and no treatment and –0.26 (95% CI –0.37, –0.15) between other physical placebos and no treatment (p value for subgroup differences = 0.007). Significant differences were also observed between subgroups of other physical placebos. Conclusion: Due to the heterogeneity of the trials included and the indirect comparison our results must be interpreted with caution. Still, they suggest that sham acupuncture interventions might, on average, be associated with larger effects than pharmacological and other physical placebos.
Richieri‐costa and Pereira syndrome: Severe phenotype

Richieri‐Costa and Pereira syndrome, described in 1992, comprises short stature, Robin sequence, cleft mandible, limb malformations, and short larynx, deformed or lack of epiglottis, and abnormal aryepiglottic folds. There are 32 reported cases, only one described outside Brazil. We describe a 4‐month‐old boy with the most severe phenotype yet reported. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diversité ichtyologique en Méditerranée : patrons, modélisation et projections dans un contexte de réchauffement global

La mer Mediterranee est un ecosysteme particulier de par son isolement, sa grande richesse specifique, son fort taux d'endemisme et les invasions exotiques qui y surviennent. Malgre l'interet qui a ete porte a la Mediterranee depuis l'Antiquite, aucune etude des patrons de diversite ichtyologique n'a ete menee a grande echelle et sur l'ensemble des especes et n'a propose de simulations de scenarii face au changement global. Dans ce travail nous avons donc, dans un premier temps, etudie les patrons de la diversite ichtyologique en Mediterranee et leurs determinants. A cet effet, nous avons construit la premiere base de donnees exhaustive concernant les distributions geographiques des 619 especes de poissons en Mediterranee. Nous avons mene des analyses spatiales afin de determiner la part relative des contingences historiques, geometriques et environnementales dans l'explication des patrons de diversite. Nous nous sommes interesses, dans un second temps, aux determinants du succes de dispersion des especes exotiques et nous avons evalue la congruence spatiale avec l'ichtyofaune endemique dans un contexte de rechauffement global. Enfin, nous avons modelise les enveloppes climatiques actuelles des especes mediterraneennes les plus vulnerables, a savoir les especes endemiques, et nous les avons projetees selon un scenario de rechauffement global afin d'identifier les especes gagnantes et perdantes ainsi que les regions qui connaitront un changement dans les assemblages d'especes. Nous avons ainsi mis en evidence le role des contraintes geometriques ainsi qu'une influence positive de la production primaire et de la temperature sur la richesse specifique. Il est aussi apparu que le climat et l'annee d'introduction sont les determinants cles du succes de dispersion des especes Lessepsiennes. Dans un contexte de rechauffement, nos resultats ont revele une congruence spatiale croissante entre especes exotiques et endemiques, et pour ces dernieres une modification profonde de leurs assemblages aux horizons 2041-2060 et 2070-2099. Il est apparu que les especes endemiques sont soumises a une pression biotique exercee par les especes exotiques et a une pression abiotique exercee par le rechauffement des eaux. Les deux pressions peuvent s'additionner voire entrer en synergie pour augmenter la vulnerabilite des especes endemiques.
Hemostatic Evaluation of Chitosan Derivative s : Effects on Platelets In Vitro

Since the middle of World War II, half of all recorded combat deaths have occurred as a result of exsanguinating hemorrhage. A military post-mortem study of casualties in Operation Iraqi Freedom suggested that up to 24% of all battlefield mortalities could be eliminated with improved anti-hemorrhaging methods and that 85% of deaths were caused by uncontrolled hemorrhage (Kelly et al., 2008). The development of new methods or devices for hemorrhage control may contribute to a future reduction in hemorrhage morbidity and mortality (Pusateri et al., 2003). In many hospital settings, maintaining a good hemostatic balance in bleeding patients remains a major challenge (Shander, 2007). Successful approaches in hemostasis research may contribute to a significant reduction in hemorrhage related fatalities. Among the novel hemostatic agents approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), chitosan-based agents have shown great promise in preventing major hemorrhaging in pre-hospital settings and in animal models of major blood loss (Kozen et al., 2008). Recently, a chitosan-derived an-
Supracricoid partial laryngectomy for primary and recurrent laryngeal cancer.

IMPORTANCE Supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) is an essential technique in the armamentarium of modern laryngeal organ preservation surgery. OBJECTIVE, DESIGN, SETTING: Retrospective case series to review the oncologic outcomes following SCPL in a large US-based cohort treated by a single surgeon in a tertiary-care university hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 96 consecutive patients with primary or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx undergoing SCPL from 1992 to 2010. INTERVENTIONS Supracricoid partial laryngectomy surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Five-year local control and laryngeal preservation, using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS There were 54 primary laryngeal carcinomas and 42 previously treated with radiation to the larynx; 23% were supraglottic or transglottic tumors (n = 22). The overall 5-year local control rate for the series was 94%. For T2 and T3 primary tumors, the 5-year local control was 100% and 96%, respectively. In patients previously treated with radiation, the 5-year local control was 89%, with an 89% laryngeal preservation rate. Among stage III or IV primary laryngeal tumors for which concurrent chemoradiation was a treatment alternative, the 5-year local and locoregional control was 96% and 83%, respectively, and the 5-year larynx preservation was 91%. Ultimate local control was achieved for all patients in the series. A significant postoperative complication occurred in 19% (n = 18) and 1 anesthesia-related perioperative death occurred. No total laryngectomies were performed for laryngeal dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This series demonstrates excellent local control for both primary and recurrent laryngeal cancers, with functional larynx preservation. In appropriately staged and selected patients with T2 or T3 primary laryngeal cancer or laryngeal cancer following prior radiation treatment, SCPL should be considered as a treatment alternative to non-surgical treatment or total laryngectomy.
Conflict between Two Selves : Mobile Temptation and Self-Control through Precommitment Completed Research Paper

This study investigates the effectiveness of diverse precommitment mechanisms as selfcontrol measures against mobile temptation, which refers to an uncontrollable desire and craving to consume mobile applications. These precommitment systems are made available by app blocking options that are downloadable on smartphones at user discretion to restrict access to apps. On the basis of Thaler and Shefrin’s (1981) selfcontrol framework, we identify and evaluate rule-based (spatial and temporal) and incentive-driven (socialand reinforcement-based) precommitment schemes. Mixed results are found with respect to the effectiveness of rule-driven precommitment schemes: Rigid temporal precommitment effectively facilitates sustained self-control and motivates users to increase block time, but contrary to expectations, the less stringent flexible spatial precommitment outperforms rigid spatial precommitment. The findings also suggest that both socialand reinforcement-based methods successfully advance sustainable command over oneself and therefore aid users in increasing voluntarily implemented block time.
Detection of Rabies Virus Antibodies in Fruit Bats (Eidolon helvum) from Nigeria

Fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) were collected from three different localities in Western Nigeria: Oti, Ibadan and Idanre. Fifty serum samples were analyzed using a modified rapid fluorescent focus inhibition technique against rabies, Mokola, Lagos bat and Duvenhage viruses. Twenty-five brain samples were screened for rabies and related lyssavirus antigens by direct fluorescent antibody microscopy and by an indirect fluorescent antibody technique with rabies anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies. All brain samples were negative. Two serum samples had relatively high anti-rabies activity; no neutralizing activity was detected against Mokola, Lagos bat or Duvenhage viruses.
New Soliton Solution of a Varactor-Loaded Nonlinear Transmission Line

The nonlinearity of a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) may have a variety of forms. The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation is the governing equation of a highly specific category of NLTLs having a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristic as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C(V) = C_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (1-bV), but works as an approximate model in a general NLTL having any other kinds of nonlinearities. Here, the soliton response of a varactor-loaded NLTL is studied analytically. The presented analysis gives the exact nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) governing these networks. It is shown that the obtained PDE, being different from the KdV equation, has soliton solutions showing the well-known properties of the KdV solitons. These obtained solitons have shown velocities proportional to their amplitudes, but in a different way compared to the KdV and generalized KdV solitons. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the presented analysis gives more accurate results compared to those of a KdV approximation of these networks. The comparison with the data obtained from the reported experimental studies of other researchers in this field reinforces these analytical results. The presented analysis is useful in more concretely modeling of the soliton wave propagation on NLTLs.
Characterization of cystic pancreatic masses: relative accuracy of CT and MRI.

OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to determine the role and relative accuracy of CT and MRI in the characterization of cystic pancreatic masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified 58 patients with histopathologically proven cystic pancreatic masses at our institution who underwent preoperative CT (n = 40), MRI (n = 6), or both (n = 12). Two radiologists independently recorded their leading diagnoses with levels of diagnostic certainty (0-100%), their estimates of overall likelihood of malignancy (0-100%), and the morphologic characteristics of the tumors. Data were analyzed to determine relative accuracy in the diagnosis of malignancy, relationship between diagnostic certainty and accuracy, and frequency of malignancy in unilocular thin-walled cysts smaller than 4 cm. RESULTS Twenty-one (36%) of 58 masses were malignant. CT and MRI were equally accurate in establishing the diagnosis of malignancy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [A(z)] = 0.91 and 0.85 for reviewers 1 and 2 at MRI vs 0.82 and 0.76 at CT, respectively; p > 0.05). The leading diagnosis given by reviewers 1 and 2 was correct in 46% (32/70) and 43% (30/70) of the studies, respectively. When reviewer diagnostic certainty was 90% or more, the corresponding values were not significantly (p > 0.05) improved at 55% (12/22) and 48% (10/21), respectively. Two (15%) of 13 unilocular thin-walled cysts smaller than 4 cm were frankly malignant. CONCLUSION CT and MRI are reasonably and similarly accurate in the characterization of cystic pancreatic masses as benign or malignant; limitations include a substantial rate of misdiagnosis even when reviewer certainty is high and a moderate frequency of malignancy in small morphologically benign-appearing cysts.
Model of hindlimb unloading in adult female rats: Characterizing bone physicochemical, microstructural, and biomechanical properties

Prolonged bedrest and microgravity induce alterations to bone, leading to bone fragility and compromising the quality of life. In this study, we characterized the physicochemical changes, microstructure, and biomechanics of the femurs of female adult rats in response to hindlimb unloading for 21 days. Twenty 6-month-old Wistar female rats were distributed into control (CON) and hindlimb unloading (HLU) groups. Analysis the in vivo bone mineral density (BMD) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) from the femurs was performed at the beginning and end of the experiment; plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, assessed by spectrophotometry, and estradiol, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was performed after the experiment. We evaluated changes in the trabecular and cortical structure of the femur, after disuse, by micro-computed tomography with high resolution, for analysis of cortical porosity, Raman spectroscopy to measure the amount of physicochemical properties, and the biomechanical test to estimate the changes in biomechanical properties. Our results demonstrated that, after 21 days, HLU animals had decreased femoral BMD, deteriorated bone microarchitecture, particularly in the cortical compartment, with changes in the physicochemical properties and porosity, and reduced deformation capacity of the bone and resistance to the bone stresses. Nevertheless, this study showed the critical role of mechanical stimulation in maintaining the structure of the skeleton in female adults and that disuse, even for a few days, leads to microscopic changes in the structure of the bone matrix, which increases the risk of fracture.
b Absence of Exogenous TGF-Self-Induced to Become Th17 Cells in the T Cells or Are - Foxp3 - CD25+ CD4Cutting Edge: Regulatory T Cells Induce

Recent studies have shown that TGF- (cid:3) together with IL-6 induce the differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells (Th17) T cells. We therefore examined whether CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1) Foxp3 (cid:1) regulatory T cells, i.e., cells previously shown to produce TGF- (cid:3) , serve as Th17 inducers. We found that upon activation purified CD25 (cid:1) T cells (or sorted GFP (cid:1) T cells obtained from Foxp3-GFP knockin mice) produce high amounts of soluble TGF- (cid:3) and when cultured with CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:2) Foxp3 (cid:2) T cells in the presence of IL-6 induce the latter to differentiate into Th17 cells. Perhaps more importantly, upon activation, CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1) Foxp3 (cid:1) (GFP (cid:1) ) T cells themselves differentiate into Th17 cells in the presence of IL-6 (and in the absence of exogenous TGF- (cid:3) ). These results indicate that CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1) Foxp3 (cid:1) regulatory T cells can function as inducers of Th17 cells and can differentiate into Th17 cells. They thus have important implications to our un-derstanding of regulatory T cell function and their possible therapeutic use. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 178: 6725–6729.