Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Slippage in the System: The Effects of Errors in Transactive Memory Behavior on Team Performance

[Excerpt] Although researchers have consistently shown that the implicit coordination provided by transactive memory positively affects team performance, the benefits of transactive memory systems depend heavily on team members’ ability to accurately identify the expertise of their teammates and communicate expertise-specific information with one another. This introduces the opportunity for errors to enter the system, as the expertise of individual team members may be misunderstood or misrepresented, leading to the reliance on information from the wrong source or the loss of information through incorrect assignment. As Hollingshead notes, “information may be transferred or explicitly delegated to the ‘wrong’ individual in the system, e.g., one who does not have responsibility for that type of information or is unlikely to remember it due to a lack of expertise”. While researchers recognize the likelihood of such behavioral errors, little research has examined their potential impact in teams. The current study, therefore, focuses on the effects of errors in transactive memory behavior on the emergence of team cognitive structures and resultant performance in the initial stage of team interaction. To develop our hypotheses, we first discuss the types of behaviors involved in the development and operation of transactive memory systems, identify where errors may arise, and discuss their effects on team performance. Then, we attempt to uncover the cognitive processes underlying those effects. More specifically, we introduce mental model accuracy and transactive memory cognitions and suggest that each mediates the negative relationship between errors in transactive memory behavior and team performance. While the possible risks of faulty transactive memory system development have been acknowledged in prior research, it has also been suggested that transactive memory errors can be easily corrected and their effects on performance subsequently minimized. The current study challenges this assumption and in doing so advances our understanding of not only the relationship between errors in transactive memory behavior and team performance but also the mechanisms that might help explain this relationship.
Therapeutic role of terbutaline in a rat whole-lung lavage model

ABSTRACT Whole-lung lavage (WLL) is the preferred therapy for patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). However, WLL can cause fluid retention, surfactant lost, and hypoxia. Terbutaline has been shown to accelerate the rate of alveolar fluid clearance and augment surfactant secretion. The present study aimed at investigating effects of terbutaline and oxygen ventilation in rats with WLL. Forty rats were randomly divided into control, ventilation, NS (normal saline) + ventilation, LT (terbutaline in low concentration, 10−4 M) + ventilation, and HT (terbutaline in high concentration, 10−3 M) + ventilation groups. The left thoracic cavity was opened and a cannula was inserted into the left bronchus. The left lung was ventilated, while the right lung was lavaged. Arterial blood gas, electrocardiogram, histological changes, and wet/dry ratio of lung tissues were examined. The concentrations of total protein (TP), total phospholipids (TPL), and disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in recovery fluid were measured. For the in vitro study, alveolar type II (ATII) cells were isolated from healthy male rats, incubated for 24 hours, and divided into control, LT, and HT groups and exposed to different concentration of terbutaline (10−4 and 10−3 M) for 2 hours, followed by measuring sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) activity. Oxygen ventilation significantly increased Pao2/Fio2 after lavage in the ventilation group, as compared to control group (249.4 ± 7.9 vs 210.6 ± 9.4; P = .001). Compared with NS + venlitation group, a higher concentration of terbutaline decreased the wet/dry ratio of lung tissues (5.0 ± 0.1 vs 5.6 ± 0.1; P = .007), increased the concentrations of TPL (175.9 ± 14.0 vs 162.0 ± 6.8 mg/L; P = .031) and DSPC (93.2 ± 6.9 vs 70.9 ± 6.2 mg/L, P = .0001) in the recovery fluid, and alleviated hypoxia significantly. Terbutaline in both low and high doses increased Na+,K+-ATPase activity in ATII cells (62.5 ± 2.4 and 62.6 ± 2.8 vs 32.2 ± 2.1 mmol/h/mg protein; P < .01). Theses results show that the administration of terbutaline facilitates alveolar fluid absorption and increases surfactant secretion during lung lavage, the former is partly driven by increasing Na+,K+-ATPase activity. The modified lavage method, with the use of terbutaline and oxygen ventilation, is one of potential therapies for patients with PAP.
A novel high‐resolution anorectal manometry parameter based on a three‐dimensional integrated pressurized volume of a spatiotemporal plot, for predicting balloon expulsion in asymptomatic normal individuals

Anorectal manometry with simulated evacuation (SE) has limited applicability in predicting balloon expulsion (BE) test results. The newly developed high‐resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) technique can yield spatiotemporal plots with three‐dimensional pressurization. We aimed to define new parameters based on three‐dimensional integrated pressurized volume (IPV) for predicting the BE test results in asymptomatic normal individuals.
Estimation of the dimension of a noisy attractor.

A simple method is proposed to estimate the correlation dimension of a noisy chaotic attractor. The method is based on the observation that the noise induces a bias in the observed distances of trajectories, which tend to appear farther apart than they are. Under the assumption of noise being strictly bounded in amplitude, this leads to a rescaling of interpoint distances on the attractor. A correlation integral function is obtained that accounts for this effect of noise. The applicability of the method is illustrated with two examples, viz., the Lorenz attractor with additive noise and experimental time series of pressure fluctuation data measured in gas-solid fluidized beds.
A New Conceptual Paradigm from Genetics and Psychobiology for the Science of Mental Health

Objective: The assumptions and goals underlying current systems of classification are critically examined. Method: Current systems of classification are based on assumptions that health can be adequately defined as the absence of disorders and that psychiatric disorders are discrete disease entities that can be categorically defined. These assumptions appear to be inconsistent with available knowledge of the psychobiology, genetics, development and evolution of thoughts, emotions, and behaviour. Results: An alternative psychobiologically based paradigm is described based on the model that mental health and its disorders are emergent properties of complex interactions among multidimensional neuroadaptive systems. Conclusions: This permits an explicit definition of optimum mental health and a descriptive system that is more effective for professionals, individuals, and society in understanding and achieving increased adaptive fitness.
LMS Algorithm Step Size Adjustment for Fast Convergence

In the areas of acoustic research or applications that deal with not-precisely-known or variable conditions, a method of adaptation to the uncertainness or changes is usually necessary. When searching for an adaptation algorithm, it is hard to overlook the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm. Its simplicity, speed of computation, and robustness has won it a wide area of applications: from telecommunication, through acoustics and vibration, to seismology. The algorithm, however, still lacks a full theoretical analysis. This is probabely the cause of its main drawback: the need of a careful choice of the step size – which is the reason why so many variable step size flavors of the LMS algorithm has been developed. This paper contributes to both the above mentioned characteristics of the LMS algorithm. First, it shows a derivation of a new necessary condition for the LMS algorithm convergence. The condition, although weak, proved useful in developing a new variable step size LMS algorithm which appeared to be quite different from the algorithms known from the literature. Moreover, the algorithm proved to be effective in both simulations and laboratory experiments, covering two possible applications: adaptive line enhancement and active noise control.
The progress of female

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish empirically whether there is any foundation in the premise that female ofﬁcers’ lesser tenure and/or lower levels of commitment than men explain their lack of career progress. Although the number of women in UK police forces has grown rapidly, it appears that they continue to be under-represented in senior ranks. Design/methodology/approach – Using whole population surveys of two county police forces in the UK the paper compares the promotion of men and women police ofﬁcers controlling for tenure. The paper then compares the organisational commitment of male and female ofﬁcers and analyses whether female ofﬁcers experience managerial and organisational inﬂuences that undermine their organisational commitment compared to men. Findings – The ﬁndings refute some of the widespread beliefs about reasons for female ofﬁcers’ lack of progress in their policing careers since the analysis indicates that gender differences in length of tenure and organisational commitment can be discounted as possible explanations for lack of advancement in these two police forces. Overall, the results clearly show that female ofﬁcers are just as committed as male ofﬁcers and thus cannot be justiﬁed as a reason for lack of career progression. Research limitations/implications – It is accepted that survey methods such as ours do not capture the entirety of employee feelings and responses since they tend to homogenise male and female working experiences. However, survey methods do have the advantage that it is possible to generalise from the results and thus these two studies allow us to suggest that our ﬁndings can be viewed as providing insights to other UK police forces. Practical implications – The relatively low levels of organisational commitment found should be a cause for concern for senior managers in the Police. The key importance that management has in inﬂuencing organisational commitment has been shown by our ﬁndings and this indicates the importance of the current Police Leadership Development Board’s agenda to improve workforce management skills to encourage transformational leadership styles. Originality/
Western Bantu Expansion

Linguistic studies are now advanced enough to allow us to sketch how Central Africa was settled by farmers who spoke western Bantu languages. From the second millenium B.C. onward, yarn-growers with neolithic tools spread in the rain-forests of the Cameroons. By adapting repeatedly to different environments they expanded over the whole forest area and also over the savannas and woodlands further south. These people were in search of optimal environments, quite willing to move to settle in favoured locales. Although they multiplied there, their expansion over such huge areas meant that their settlements remained very thinly scattered over Central Africa. A thickening of settlement would only occur when new crops – the banana in the rain-forest, cereals in more open lands – allowed farmers to settle in most places. Iron-smelting was less important here than these new crops. These induced further population growth, densities rose and movements in search of the best unknown lands ceased. If the first settlement had only moderately inconvenienced the autochthones, the thickening of population led in time to their absorption, dependence on villagers, or emigration in search of ever-decreasing empty areas.
Macro and Micro Scale Signatures of Hunter-Gatherer Organization at the Coastal Sites of Point St. George, Northwestern Alta California

Abstract Richard Gould's classic 1966 monograph, Archaeology of the Point St. George Site and Tolowa Prehistory, provided an important source of information on settlement and subsistence systems on the north coast of California. This article provides a quantitative assessment of two key ideas set forth in the study: (1) that there was profound variation in hunter-gatherer land use between the Middle and Late period components of the site, where marine foods were initially largely ignored and only later became a major focus; and (2) that the Late Period component was largely analogous to the ethnographic Tolowa, thus supporting an ethnoarchaeological approach. Drawing on previously unpublished quantitative macro-scale data from Gould's excavations at CA-DNO-11 and new micro-scale data from CA-DNO-13, we conclude that the components reflect two fundamentally different adaptive strategies: a more mobile foraging system in the Middle Period where people were targeting almost exclusively highly ranked taxa (regardless of whether they were marine or terrestrial foods), and a sedentary village-based system in the Late Period, when mass extractive methods, storage, and the logistical procurement of resources became important strategies. Identified dietary remains include all major staples used by ethnographic Tolowa, but certain interior resources (salmon and acorns) may have been less of a focus on the coast than previously portrayed.
Stimulus pre-differentiation as a factor in transfer of training.

Abstract : The experiment investigated the transfer to a discriminative motor task from various amounts of training involving 'stimulus pre-differentiation. ' Such training established separate responses to the stimuli of the motor task, thereby aiding in differentiating among the stimuli; but the responses were unrelated to those of the final task, so training did not serve in any way to establish the motor responses required. In the present case, the subjects practiced associating four letters with four light stimuli which later signalled manual responses to four switches in the motor task. Four matched groups of 32 subjects were given 0, 8, 16 and 32 trials of this training prior to 60 trials of practice on the motor task. Performance on the motor task was measured in terms of the time required for each correct response, and in terms of number of errors. Transfer effects were shown by comparison of the performance of the 0-trial group (control) with that of the groups receiving training in 'stimulus pre-differentiation. ' (Author)
Tumor de células gigantes de hueso. Aspectos generales de 11 casos

The giant cell tumor of bone is the less frequent one a most controversial entity and the least predictable as to its biologic behavior. The cases of this series occurred mainly in females (75%). With the exception of one case which affected the short bones of the foot, all were localized in the distal end of the long bones of the upper and lower extremities. All were large lesions, with partial or complete loss of function. In two cases bone curettage was performed and in the rest a block resection was carried out. One had cryotherapy, three received radiotherapy and in only one chemotherapy was administered. Two lesions recurred seven and nine months after surgical treatment, one of these treated with curettage and cryotherapy. In none of them the development of metastases was detected.
Natural Language Understanding

I focus on three characteristics of natural language understanding systems that incorporate the properties that make humans able to understand language naturally. The first characteristic of such systems is that they handle recursion. A second property of these systems is that they process abstract hierarchical structures, and they are not limited to the processing of strings of characters or keywords. A third characteristic is that they connect physical forms and interpretations.
Evaluation of the risk of motor neuron disease in horses fed a diet low in vitamin E and high in copper and iron.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether equine motor neuron disease (EMND) could be induced in adult horses fed a diet low in vitamin E and high in copper and iron. ANIMALS 59 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURE Horses in the experimental group (n = 8) were confined to a dirt lot and fed a concentrate low in vitamin E and high in iron and copper in addition to free-choice grass hay that had been stored for 1 year. Control horses (n = 51) were fed a concentrate containing National Research Council-recommended amounts of copper, iron, and vitamin E. The hay fed to control horses was the same as that fed to experimental horses, but it had not been subjected to prolonged storage. Control horses had seasonal access to pasture, whereas experimental horses had no access to pasture. Horses that developed clinical signs of EMND were euthanatized along with an age-matched control horse to determine differences in hepatic concentrations of vitamin E, vitamin A, copper, iron, and selenium. RESULTS 4 experimental horses developed clinical signs of EMND. Plasma concentrations of vitamin E decreased in all 8 experimental horses. There were no significant changes in plasma concentrations of vitamin A, selenium, and copper or serum concentrations of ferritin. There were no significant differences in those analytes between experimental horses with EMND and experimental horses that did not develop EMND. No control horses developed EMND. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that lack of access to pasture, dietary deficiency of vitamin E, or excessive dietary copper are likely risk factors for EMND.
Biological and behavioral aspects of two laboratory strains of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae): The influence of periodic introduction of wild flies in the colony

The healthy maintenance of insects reared under laboratory conditions requires strategies to retain the natural characteristics of their life-histories traits. Rearing strategies include artificial selection to laboratory conditions, hybridization with compatible strains, and supplying the colony with wild individuals. We compared behavioral as well as life-history aspects of two laboratory strains of Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera, Tephritidae) that had either been reared for 15-20 years under laboratory conditions with or without introducing wild specimens (Lab-Pop and Hybrid-pop, respectively). The parameters evaluated were: performance and food ingestion of immatures, adult size and longevity, female oviposition preference and fecundity, egg viability, and mating choice. Analyses of these parameters were conducted under laboratory rearing conditions. The largest differences observed between the two strains were related to behavioral components: food ingestion rate at the larval stage and oviposition behavior. In general, Lab-Pop individuals were less selective and more adapted to the artificial diet than Hybrid-Pop individuals (diet consumption), but there were no significant differences between the two strains in terms of percentage of emergence, egg viability, adult size, fecundity, and mating choice. It is suggested that the use of hybrid strains is more appropriate than the use of strains without the incorporation of wild individuals, especially in studies that involve behavioral parameters, as hybrid strains behave very similarly to wild populations, according our previous studies.
[Seroprevalence of Central European tick-borne encephalitis in the Lorraine region].

BACKGROUND Central European encephalitis, caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), is exceptional in France. Most cases have been described in Alsace. As 2 cases of tick-borne encephalitis were diagnosed in the Nancy region, a seroepidemiological survey was conducted in the Lorraine region (Meurthe & Moselle, Moselle, Vosges, Meuse) in 1996. METHODS The survey was proposed to approximately 1,000 persons attending preventive medicine clinics. The subjects were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire on factors related to tick bite exposure and underwent TBEV serology tests. RESULTS 1,777 subjects participated in the survey. Half of them lived in rural areas, 91% had occasional or regular contact with the forest environment and 21% had experienced tick bites. TBEV serology (IgG) was positive in 19 subjects (1.6%; 95% CI: 0.9%-2.3%); 9 sera were positive on Western blot (0.76). No IgM positive serum was found. Seroprevalence was higher in subjects with a past history of tick bites compared with the others (2.9% vs 1.3%, p = 0.074). CONCLUSION The low seroprevalence of TBEV in this survey is not in favor of widespread tick-bite encephalitis virus in the Lorraine general population.
Enhanced versions of DCSK and FM-DCSK data transmission systems

Over the past five years many different modulation schemes have been proposed for chaotic communications. Of these, the DCSK and FM-DCSK techniques offer the best noise performance. However, even the noise performance of these schemes is a few dB worse than that of the conventional noncoherent FSK technique. The paper shows how the noise performance of DCSK and FM-DCSK systems can be improved considerably. Two solutions are considered: in the first version more than one information bit is sent using the same reference signal, while in the second version the received noisy sample functions are cleaned by averaging.
Simulation of solute transport in a heterogeneous vadose zone describing the hydraulic properties using a multistep stochastic approach

The simulation of conservative solute transport in a heterogeneous unsaturated soil depends on the description of spatial variability of soil hydraulic and chemical properties. The data from the Las Cruces Trench Site were used to explore the impact of alternative ways of describing the variability of hydraulic properties. Three different approaches were considered: Miller and Miller scaling, Leverett scaling, and a multistep approach involving categorization of water retention curves. Conditional sequential geostatistical simulation was used to generate equally probable realizations of soil properties for each approach, and these realizations were then used as input to a numerical simulator to quantify the resultant uncertainty in solute transport predictions. Simulation results show that the scaling techniques seem to oversimplify the description of heterogeneity in the Las Cruces Trench, leading to very narrow spaces of uncertainty. Because the multistep approach allows the reproduction of existing patterns of continuity of soil classes and of contrasting values of hydraulic properties in the field, it led to solute plumes that split into several preferential pathways that were not observed in the simulations based on the scaling approaches, which increased the standard deviation of the solute plume's moments. The results indicate that measurements of both water retention curves and saturated hydraulic conductivity need to be collected for more realistic, conservative studies of flow in heterogeneous unsaturated soils.
Diabetic foot ulcers treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a review of the literature

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) has been used as an adjunct for healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) for decades. However, its use remains controversial. A literature search was conducted to locate clinical studies and assess the available evidence. Ten prospective and seven retrospective studies evaluating HBO for DFUs were located. These were reviewed and the outcomes were discussed. One study reported no difference in outcomes between patients receiving hyperbaric oxygen and the control group. However, their regime differed from all other studies in that the patients received hyperbaric oxygen twice rather than once daily. Reduced amputation rates and improved healing were the most common outcomes observed.