Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implications of β-glucanase and pentosanase enzymes in low-energy low-protein barley and wheat based broiler diets

This study was conducted to test the effects of a commercial enzyme (with β-glucanase and pentosanase activities) supplemented into low-protein low-energy barley and wheat based broiler diets on broiler performance. The enzyme was added at 500 g/ton into broiler grower and finisher diets consisting of mainly wheat at 76%, 85% or barley 67%, 75%, respectively. Four dietary treatments were wheat, wheat + enzyme, barley, barley + enzyme. Each treatment had six replications. This experiment was planned according to a completely randomised design by placing ten 14-day-old mixed male and female chicks into one experimental cage unit with wire floor. Cobb broiler chicks were used in this study. Experimental grower and finisher diets were fed to chicks between 14–28 and 28–42 days of age, respectively. One-day-old chicks were fed a standard starter diet (23% protein; 12.77 MJ ME/kg) according to NRC (1994) recommendations. Grower diet and finisher diets were formulated to be 10% lower than NRC (1994) with respect to the protein and metabolisable energy content. Body weight, average weight gain (14–42 days period), feed intake and feed efficiency ratio were measured at 42 days of age. The results of this study demonstrated that the enzyme with β-glucanase and pentosanase activities supplemented into barley-based broiler diets significantly (P < 0.05) improved body weight by 10%, from 1 779 to 1 958 g, and gain by 12%, from 1 485 to 1 657 g, respectively. However, when the same enzyme was supplemented into wheat-based diets, no improvement (P < 0.05) was obtained in body weight and feed efficiency, being 1 723 and 1 677 g and 1 973 and 1 957, respectively for wheat and wheat + enzyme groups. The feed efficiency ratio was also significantly (P < 0.05) improved in barley-based diet from 1.898 to 1.845 by enzyme addition during the 14–42 days experimental period.
Ergodicity probes: using time-fluctuations to measure the Hilbert space dimension

Quantum devices, such as quantum simulators, quantum annealers, and quantum computers, may be exploited to solve problems beyond what is tractable with classical computers. This may be achieved as the Hilbert space available to perform such `calculations' is far larger than that which may be classically simulated. In practice, however, quantum devices have imperfections, which may limit the accessibility to the whole Hilbert space. We thus determine that the dimension of the space of quantum states that are available to a quantum device is a meaningful measure of its functionality, though unfortunately this quantity cannot be directly experimentally determined. Here we outline an experimentally realisable approach to obtaining the required Hilbert space dimension of such a device to compute its time evolution, by exploiting the thermalization dynamics of a probe qubit. This is achieved by obtaining a fluctuation-dissipation theorem for high-temperature chaotic quantum systems, which facilitates the extraction of information on the Hilbert space dimension via measurements of the decay rate, and time-fluctuations.
Benders Cut Classification via Support Vector Machines for Solving Two-Stage Stochastic Programs

We consider Benders decomposition for solving two-stage stochastic programs with complete recourse based on finite samples of the uncertain parameters. We define the Benders cuts binding at the final optimal solution or the ones significantly improving bounds over iterations as valuable cuts. We propose a learning-enhanced Benders decomposition (LearnBD) algorithm, which adds a cut classification step in each iteration to selectively generate cuts that are more likely to be valuable cuts. The LearnBD algorithm includes two phases: (i) sampling cuts and collecting information from training problems and (ii) solving testing problems with a support vector machine (SVM) cut classifier. We run the LearnBD algorithm on instances of capacitated facility location and multicommodity network design under uncertain demand. Our results show that SVM cut classifier works effectively for identifying valuable cuts, and the LearnBD algorithm reduces the total solving time of all instances for different problems with various sizes and complexities.
Distributionally Robust Counterfactual Risk Minimization

This manuscript introduces the idea of using Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) for the Counterfactual Risk Minimization (CRM) problem. Tapping into a rich existing literature, we show that DRO is a principled tool for counterfactual decision making. We also show that well-established solutions to the CRM problem like sample variance penalization schemes are special instances of a more general DRO problem. In this unifying framework, a variety of distributionally robust counterfactual risk estimators can be constructed using various probability distances and divergences as uncertainty measures. We propose the use of Kullback-Leibler divergence as an alternative way to model uncertainty in CRM and derive a new robust counterfactual objective. In our experiments, we show that this approach outperforms the state-of-the-art on four benchmark datasets, validating the relevance of using other uncertainty measures in practical applications.
The impact of chemical and sensorial characteristics on the market price of Italian red wines

The hedonic price analysis presented in this paper is carried out on a dataset containing observable, sensory and chemical characteristics of a sample of Italian red wines. The study starts from the commonly observed evidence that in general the market price can be explained by the objective characteristics appearing on the label of the bottle and not by the wine's quality. The aim of the analysis is to discover how quality matters. This objective is pursued by means of the construction of latent sensory and chemical factors, whose implicit value, quantified using Random Forest variable importance measures, turns out to be appreciably high.
Evaluation of Antimicrosporidian Activity of Plant Extracts on Nosema ceranae

Abstract Nosemosis is one of the most common protozoan diseases of adult bees (Apis mellifera). Nosemosis is caused by two species of microsporidia; Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Nosema ceranae is potentially more dangerous because it has the ability to infect multiple cell types, and it is now the predominant microsporidian species in A. mellifera. In this study, we identified two anti-nosemosis plants, Aster scaber and Artemisia dubia, which reduced the spore development of N. ceranae in spore-infected cells. The most important aspect of our results was that our treatment was effective at non-toxic concentrations. Anti-nosemosis activities of both plants were revealed in honey bee experiments. Specifically, a mixed extract of both A. scaber and A. dubia showed stronger activity than treatment with each single extract alone. Although the mechanisms of action of A. scaber and A. dubia against N. ceranae are still unclear, our results suggest new medicaments and therapeutic methods to control N. ceranae infection.
An emission spectrum for WASP-121b measured across the 0.8–1.1 μm wavelength range using the Hubble Space Telescope

WASP-121b is a transiting gas giant exoplanet orbiting close to its Roche limit, with an inflated radius nearly double that of Jupiter and a dayside temperature comparable to a late M dwarf photosphere. Secondary eclipse observations covering the 1.1–$1.6\, \mu{\rm m}$ wavelength range have revealed an atmospheric thermal inversion on the dayside hemisphere, likely caused by high-altitude absorption at optical wavelengths. Here we present secondary eclipse observations made with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 spectrograph that extend the wavelength coverage from $1.1\, \mu{\rm m}$ down to $0.8\, \mu{\rm m}$. To determine the atmospheric properties from the measured eclipse spectrum, we performed a retrieval analysis assuming chemical equilibrium, with the effects of thermal dissociation and ionization included. Our best-fitting model provides a good fit to the data with reduced $\chi ^2_\nu =1.04$. The data diverge from a blackbody spectrum and instead exhibit emission due to H− shortward of $1.1\, \mu{\rm m}$. The best-fitting model does not reproduce a previously reported bump in the spectrum at $1.25\,\mu{\rm m}$, possibly indicating this feature is a statistical fluctuation in the data rather than a VO emission band as had been tentatively suggested. We estimate an atmospheric metallicity of $[{\rm M}/{\rm H}]= {1.09}_{-0.69}^{+0.57}$, and fit for the carbon and oxygen abundances separately, obtaining $[{\rm C}/{\rm H}]= {-0.29}_{-0.48}^{+0.61}$ and $[{\rm O}/{\rm H}]= {0.18}_{-0.60}^{+0.64}$. The corresponding carbon-to-oxygen ratio is ${\rm C/O} = 0. 49_{-0.37}^{+0.65}$, which encompasses the solar value of 0.54, but has a large uncertainty.
Simulating disc formation in tidal disruption events

A star coming too close to a supermassive black hole gets disrupted by the tidal force of the compact object in a tidal disruption event, or TDE. Following this encounter, the debris evolves into an elongated stream, half of which coming back to pericentre. Relativistic apsidal precession then leads to a self-crossing shock that initiates the formation of an accretion disc. We perform the first simulation of this process considering a parabolic encounter with a supermassive black hole, which has so far eluded investigations for computational reasons. This numerical issue is alleviated by using as initial conditions the outflow launched by the self-crossing shock according the local simulation of Lu & Bonnerot (2020). We find that the gas leaving the intersection point experiences numerous secondary shocks that result in the rapid formation of a thick and marginally bound disc. The mass distribution features two overdensities identified as spiral shocks that drive slow gas inflow along the mid-plane. Inward motion primarily takes place along the funnels of the newly formed torus, from which a fraction of the matter can get accreted. Further out, the gas moves outward forming an extended envelope completely surrounding the accretion flow. Secondary shocks heat the debris at a rate of a few times $10^{44} \, \rm erg\, s^{-1}$ with a large fraction likely participating to the bolometric luminosity. These results pave the way towards a complete understanding of the early radiation from TDEs that progressively becomes accessible from observations.
Numerical Solution of the Taylor-Quette Flow Problem: A Commodious Statistical Approach

Problem statement: The main problem in solving of the Boltzmann equation by statistical methods is its long computational time (CPU time). The problem of decreasing of CPU time usage in statistical solution methods of Boltzmann equation for rarefied vortex flows was studied. Approach: In this study the Boltzmann equation in a rarefied Taylor-Quette flow regime was solved using the new Monte Carlo method which is officially named time Relaxated Mont Carlo method that applied the equilibrium conditions in each time step. Results: The results obtained from time Relaxated Mont Carlo method for the problem at hand were compared with those from the usual Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method. This comparison showed good agreement between the two sets of results. Conclusion: Whereas, the number of collisions and CPU usage time in the suggested method, as compared to the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, showed a significant decrease.
Comorbidity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Clinical Response and Treatment Resistance to Pharmacotherapy in a 3-Year Follow-Up Naturalistic Study

The present study aims to analyze the clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in comorbidity with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), as well as the response rate to pharmacological treatments. OCD+SPD patients had a younger age at onset, a higher probability to have more severe obsessive-compulsive symptoms, a higher rate of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in their first-degree relatives, and a poorer insight compared to OCD patients. During the 3-year follow-up period, these patients showed a lower rate of recovery, thus requiring augmentation with different psychotropic medications, including low doses of antipsychotics. Our findings suggest that the comorbidity of OCD and SPD causes a poor treatment response, and a reduced probability to recover using standard pharmacological treatment strategies. Further investigations are needed to identify alternative strategies, including psychoeducation and cognitive behavioral therapy, to manage such frequent comorbidity in clinical practice.
Terahertz Acceleration Technology Towards Compact Light Sources

Despite the already-realized high power radiation sources enabling ultrahigh electric fields, increasing the acceleration gradients above the state-of-the-art values is hampered by the damage threshold of materials. Recent studies on damage mechanisms in accelerators have revealed the strong dependence of operation threshold on the time duration over which fields are influencing the device. Therefore, fast accelerating principles based on short excitations need to be developed for further increasing the accelerating gradient. This contribution will discuss conceptual developments and proof-of-principle studies for THz acceleration using short pulses. The concepts developed here pave the way towards the realization of cheap and compact particle accelerators with control of particles over ultrashort time scales. The introduced concepts comprise three groups focusing on: (1) fast electron sources, (2) THz injectors, and (3) THz linacs. The final goal of the above studies is a fully THz-driven compact light source facility, whose start-to-end simulation will conclude the presentation.
Anti-infection effects of buckwheat flavonoid extracts (BWFEs) from germinated sprouts

Buckwheat has been used in Chinese traditional medicine or dietary treat against various kinds of cancer for several decades. Germination method was used to elevate the nutritional value of flavonoids in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) sprouts. To examine the growth inhibitory effects of tartary buckwheat flavonoid extracts (BWFEs), MTT assay was applied to detect the cell viability of mammary cancer MCF-7 cells. Several sample of BWFEs revealed strong inhibitory activity, and the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) were separately determined. For further verification of the cytotoxic action of BWFEs on MCF-7 cells, cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression were measured by ﬂow cytometry. An in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was also tested, BWFEs showed obvious angiogenesis inhibitory activity on the formation of micro blood vessels. According to these data, we conclude that BWFEs extracted from malting tartary buckwheat seeds demonstrate significant inhibitory activity on the growth of MCF-7 cancer cells, therefore, BWFEs can be further explored for antitumor therapy or functional food additives. Key words: Buckwheat flavonoid extracts (BWFEs), anti-infection, germinated sprouts, mammary cancer, antitumor activity, cell apoptosis.
Viscoelastic Behavior of a Single-Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloy

Tensile specimens of an experimental single-crystal nickel-based superalloy with [001] orientation were subjected to cyclic tension-compression loading under strain control regime on materials testing system Instron-8516 at room temperature and ambient atmosphere. Recent research on the viscoelastic behavior of material has shown that their elastic deformation occurs in the initial portion of a stress-strain relationship, which is initially linear up to proportional limit with strain of ~0.55 %. Until then the material show’s fully elastic behavior at strain amplitudes of 0 % – 0.05 %, 0 % – 0.2 %, and 0 % – 0.5 % for 30 cycles and corresponding diagrams covers each-other. At the increased strain amplitude of 1 % the elastic limit occurs at first cycle and tensile strain of ~0.65 %. The specimen was plastically deformed from 0.65 % up to 1 % of tension with no load significantly increased. Next 29 cycles were conducted at strain amplitude of 1 %. The strain-stress curves on diagram covers each-other at 1 % of strain value. Material ordinarily possesses upscale elastic behavior stability due largely to improved resistance to deformation of a cuboidal intermetallic γ′-phase. However, under the cyclic straining the dendrite arms were decreased in dimensions about three times as compared to primary dendrite arm. The γ-phase tended to dissolve into the primary cuboidal intermetallic γ′-phase. The cast formed of niobium-tantalum intermetallic inclusions began to dissolve and supplies the γ-matrix during cycling. As a result, the raft microstructure was not formed, as it was usually formed during creep testing at high temperatures.
Successful Dasatinib Treatment in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia after Long-term Imatinib Failure: Case Report

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a chronic myeloproliferative disease almost always caused by a genetic defect known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. Ph chromosome is associated with a BCR/ABL fusion gene expressed as an oncoprotein, which is generally considered as the initiator for the chronic phase of CML. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are targetspecific therapeutic agents that has successful results for obtaining complete responses for the majority of patients with this disease. Imatinib mesylate has been accepted as standard of care for the newly diagnosed chronic phase patients with CML. Although imatinib mesylate has been successful in most of patients by providing complete hematological and cytogenetical response and also major molecular response, imatinib resistance could be seen in some of the patients detected as loss of the response or never obtained optimal response. The response criteria for CML patients treated with imatinib, definition of the optimal response, suboptimal response and failure were defined and published as ELN recommendations. Dasatinib is approved for imatinib resistant and intolerant CML patients. In this report, we have presented a case with chronic phase CML who lost hematological and cytogenetical response and successfully treated with dasatinib.
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Valgus Deformity

Proper limb and component alignments as well as soft tissue balance are vital for the longevity and optimal long-term outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The majority of orthopedic surgeons agree that the total arthroplasty procedure in valgus knees with a deformity of more than 10° is technically demanding and may prove challenging. At the time of operation, the bone and soft tissue abnormalities that should be corrected make accurate axis restoration, correct component positioning and joint stability attaining a difficult task. Specific pathologic anatomic changes associated with valgus knee should be understood preoperatively and estimated so as to select the proper surgical method, to enhance component position and to restore soft-tissue balancing. The purpose of this chapter is to consider all the valgus knee anatomical variations, to analyze the best preoperative planning and to evaluate the type of implant, constrained or not. Lastly, it will also be underlying the current main approaches and techniques to be proposed in the literature for both bone cuts and soft tissue management of valgus knees and if minimally invasive techniques can be performed in severe deformed knees.
Organizational culture and concept of knowledge management in modern companies

Modern development of economy and society, characterized by the development of technology and techniques, is based on knowledge management. Modern companies consider defining, promotion, evaluation, and knowledge management as their key challenges. Organizational culture is a key component which should ensure the effective creation and use of knowledge within the company. In this context, creation of organizational culture which will recognize the importance of collective knowledge represents one of prerequisites for the effective knowledge management.
Income distribution in rural Egypt—A three-village case

Using household survey data, this paper examines the case of three villages in rural Egypt to shed light on the determinants of income distribution. We first employ decomposition techniques to identify the contribution of farm and non-farm income to overall household inequality. We then use regression analysis to identify the role of different factors in determining the level of farm and non-farm income. Based on the analysis of household income structure and its determinants, we clarify the strong effect of land holding on rural household income distribution, and the differing effects of non-agricultural employment opportunities through the linkage to non-agricultural labor markets. Overall, while non-farm employment is obviously an important determinant of income distribution in rural Egypt, the relationship between land, non-agricultural sector, and household income levels assume different patterns according to the specific socio-economic (village) setting. Key words: Egypt, rural household, income distribution, land, case study.
Schooling, Capital Constraints and Entrepreneurial Performance: The Endogenous Triangle

To what extent is the performance of a small business venture, once started, affected by capital constraints at the time of inception and by the business founder's investment in human capital? We attempt to answer this question taking into account the potential endogeneity of human and financial capital, and also possible interdependence between these variables. A theoretical model is developed which generates predictions about the nature and directions of the interdependencies. Using a rich data set on Dutch entrepreneurs in 1995, we obtain findings that are broadly consistent with the theoretical model. Instrumental variable estimates indicate that a 1 percentage point relaxation of capital constraints increases entrepreneurs' gross business incomes by 2 per cent on average. Also, education enhances entrepreneurs' performance both directly - with a rate of return of 12.7 per cent - and indirectly, because each extra year of schooling decreases capital constraints by 1.18 percentage points. The indirect effect of education on entrepreneurs' performance is estimated to be between 0.8 and 2.4 per cent.
APE at Scale and Its Implications on MT Evaluation Biases

In this work, we train an Automatic Post-Editing (APE) model and use it to reveal biases in standard MT evaluation procedures. The goal of our APE model is to correct typical errors introduced by the translation process, and convert the “translationese” output into natural text. Our APE model is trained entirely on monolingual data that has been round-trip translated through English, to mimic errors that are similar to the ones introduced by NMT. We apply our model to the output of existing NMT systems, and demonstrate that, while the human-judged quality improves in all cases, BLEU scores drop with forward-translated test sets. We verify these results for the WMT18 English to German, WMT15 English to French, and WMT16 English to Romanian tasks. Furthermore, we selectively apply our APE model on the output of the top submissions of the most recent WMT evaluation campaigns. We see quality improvements on all tasks of up to 2.5 BLEU points.