Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic characterization of copper(II)-based tetrapeptides

Five different histidine and aspartic acid based tetrapeptides were designed using LOMETS and PyMol. They were chemically synthesized following the solid phase Fmoc-peptide synthesis protocols and were analysed using the reverse-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) C18 analytical column for the purity. The peptides were further analysed by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) to see if the desired peptides were synthesized systematically. Copper(II) acetate monohydrate was bound to the peptides and the best molar ratio for the binding of these metal salts to peptides was 2:1. These observations were monitored through several spectroscopic techniques. The first physical observations for the successful synthesis of metallopeptides were the colour change, the melting/decomposition points and the solubility of these metallopeptides. Due to the visible colour change of the peptides to metallopeptides, UV-Visible spectroscopy and UV-Fluorescence spectroscopy were used as a qualitative analysis tests and the results were in agreement with other researchers’ data from similar researches.
RAiSE III : 3C radio AGN energetics and composition

Kinetic jet power estimates based exclusively on observed monochromatic radio luminosities are highly uncertain due to confounding variables and a lack of knowledge about some aspects of the physics of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We propose a new methodology to calculate the jet powers of the largest, most powerful radio sources based on combinations of their size, lobe luminosity, and shape of their radio spectrum; this approach avoids the uncertainties encountered by previous relationships. The outputs of our model are calibrated using hydrodynamical simulations and tested against independent X-ray inverse-Compton measurements. The jet powers and lobe magnetic field strengths of radio sources are found to be recovered using solely the lobe luminosity and spectral curvature, enabling the intrinsic properties of unresolved high-redshift sources to be inferred. By contrast, the radio source ages cannot be estimated without knowledge of the lobe volumes. The monochromatic lobe luminosity alone is incapable of accurately estimating the jet power or source age without knowledge of the lobe magnetic field strength and size, respectively. We find that, on average, the lobes of the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources (3C) have magnetic field strengths approximately a factor three lower than the equipartition value, inconsistent with equal energy in the particles and the fields at the 5σ level. The particle content of 3C radio lobes is discussed in the context of complementary observations; we do not find evidence favouring an energetically dominant proton population.
Morphology, secoiridoid content and RAPD analysis of plants regenerated from callus of Centaurium erythraea Rafn.

Centaurium erythraea plants obtained by indirect organogenesis are described in the paper. The plants were initiated from a single adventitious shoot regenerated from callus derived from the cotyledon of a 30-day-old seedling. The shoot was multiplied on MS medium supplemented with IAA (0.1 mg·L -1 ) and BAP (1.0 mg·L -1 ). The multiplication rate (28 shoots per culture within 4 weeks) was highest at the first subculture and decreased in further subcultures. The shoots were rooted on MS medium. The effect of IBA (0.1 mg·L -1 ) on the number of shoots forming roots differed depending on the composition of the basal medium (MS). The rooted shoots were transplanted to soil and grown in a greenhouse with 90% effectiveness. RAPD analysis was done with adventitious shoots of C. erythraea from in vitro culture. In shoots and whole plants regenerated from the callus tissue, secoiridoid content was determined by the HPLC method. We showed significant differences in morphology (leaf size, fresh and dry weight and height of plants) and changes in the DNA profiles as compared to earlier reports for shoot tip-derived shoots and plants of C. erythraea, but the two groups of plants biosynthesized the same qualitative pattern and similar levels of secoiridoids, up to 150 mg·g -1 dry weight; the increased biomass
Livestock Predation—Insights From Problem Animal Control Registers in Botswana

Abstract Problem Animal Control Registers, where farmers report livestock losses due to predators as a prerequisite for financial compensation, allow quantifying the human–predator conflict. We analyzed such registers from the Kweneng District of Botswana to assess the impact of native predators on livestock over 3 years. Leopards (Panthera pardus), lions (Panthera leo), wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), brown hyenas (Hyaena brunnea), and cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) altogether claimed 2,272 head of livestock. During 2002, the year with the highest impact, the number of animals reported depredated (954) represented 0.34% of the livestock in the district. Leopards and lions caused 64% of the losses. Leopard livestock predation mainly affected calves and was consistent over the district and over time. In contrast, lion predation concentrated on adult cattle, was characterized by local hot spots close to reserve borders, decreased with increasing distance to a reserve, and increased during 2002, an unusually dry year. Interviews with 60 farmers and herders within 30 km of Khutse and Central Kalahari Game Reserves revealed an annual loss of 2.2% of their livestock to predators. Here, small farms (max. 100 domestic animals) suffered relatively higher losses than large, commercial farms, not only due to predation (small farms: 11.7%; large farms: 1.0%) but also from other causes (small: 12.6%; large: 2.8%), even though herders on large farms guarded 5 times more livestock per person than those on small farms. To reduce livestock predation in most of the district where lions are absent, we recommend maternity corrals for pregnant females and calves to better protect vulnerable calves during day and night. In areas close to a reserve where lions roam, herders' incentives to keep all livestock protected in a corral at night have to be enhanced because, according to the registers, only 3 predation cases were reported to have happened inside a corral.
The Protective Effects of Vitamin E and Zinc Supplementation Against Lithium-Induced Brain Toxicity of Male Albino Rats

Lithium (Li) therapy has widely used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Consequently, consciousness of the side effects and pathogenesis of this metal is needed for such treatments. Recently, information on the interaction of Li with oxidative markers and organs toxicity attend the researchers over the world. In the present study we have tried to evaluate the influence of oral administration of LiCl for 4 weeks on the oxidative stress marker and histological structure of brain in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats weighing 135±15 gm was categorized into 5 groups (10 rats each). Group I worked as negative control, group II administrated with LiCl (0.20 mg/kg bw) in drinking water, group III, IV and V were administrated with Zn (10 mg/kg bw), VE (100 mg/kg bw) and their combination twice a week besides the daily administration of LiCl for 4 weeks, respectively. Rats after anesthesia with ether killed for collocation of brain for histopathological and biochemical analysis. Data obtained showed a significant increase in LPO, NO, GSH and Li content and the activities of SOD, CAT and AChE with demylination of the nerve fibers and degeneration of neurons in brain of LiCl treated rats. Co-treatment of rats with Zn or VE results in a significant decrease in LPO, NO, GSH content in the activities of SOD, CAT and AChE with less or normal structure of the brain. However, co-treatment with combination of Zn and VE caused a significant increase in SOD, CAT and AChE activities with normal histological structure.In conclusion, the data from the present study show that Zn and VE and their interaction are effective in protection against Li- induced brain toxicity in rat with priority for the combination.
Exploring business and IT alignment mechanisms: toward a learning perspective

Numerous studies have attempted to develop strategic alignment mechanisms. The strategic alignment mechanism is broken down into two categories namely: strategy process and strategy content. Our review shows that alignment research has been carried out in isolation. We see this as having had the effect of limiting the extent to which executives can understand elements of performance. We confer with a number of researchers in postulating that using a mechanism such as multilevel learning to combine strategy content and strategy process under one metaphor can greatly facilitate, through exploration and exploitation, the understanding not only of human interactions within a firm, but also of the interaction existent between a firm and its environment. The findings in this study further support the idea of integrating strategy process and content to have a better understating of alignment maturity and impact on business performance. It also elaborates the affect of misalignment in companies on performance.
DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UNDERTAKING CPUE STANDARDISATION USING OBSERVER PROGRAM DATA

Abundance indices based on nominal CPUE do not take into account confounding factors such as fishing strategy and environmental conditions, that can decouple any underlying abundance signal in the catch rate. As such, the assumption that CPUE is proportional to abundance is frequently violated. CPUE standardisation is one of the common analyses applied. The aims of this paper were to provide a statistical modelling framework for conducting CPUE standardisations using the Observer Program data for bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna, albacore and southern bluefin tuna, and provide a comparison in the trends between the nominal CPUEs and their standardised indices obtained. The CPUE standardisations were conducted on the Observer Program collected between 2005 and 2007, by applying GLM analysis using the Tweedie distribution. The results suggested that year, area, HBF and bait factors significantly influenced the nominal CPUEs for the four tuna species of interest. Some extreme peaks and troughs in the nominal time series were smoothed in the standardised CPUE time series. The high degree of temporal variability that is still shown in the standardised CPUE trends suggests that the data are too sparse to give any meaningful indication of proxy abundance. Nevertheless, this may also suggest that variables used in the GLMs do not sufficiently account for all of the confounding factors, or abundance may indeed be truly variable.
Long-term study of Mkn 421 with the HAGAR array of telescopes

Context. The HAGAR Telescope Array at Hanle, Ladakh has been regularly monitoring the nearby blazar Mkn 421 for the past seven years. Aims. Blazars show flux variability in all timescales across the electromagnetic spectrum. While there is abundant literature characterizing the short-term flares from different blazars, comparatively little work has been carried out to study the long-term variability. We aim to study the long-term temporal and spectral variability in the radiation from Mkn 421 during 2009−2015. Methods. We quantify the variability and lognormality from the radio to very high-energy (VHE) bands, and compute the correlations between various wavebands using the z -transformed discrete correlation function. We construct the spectral energy distribution (SED) contemporaneous with HAGAR observation seasons and fit this SED with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model to study the spectral variability. Results. The flux is found to be highly variable across all timescales. The variability is energy dependant and is maximum in the X-ray and VHE bands. A strong correlation is found between the Fermi -LAT (gamma) and radio bands and between Fermi -LAT and optical, but no correlation is found between Fermi -LAT and X-ray. Lognormality in the flux distribution is clearly detected. This is the third blazar, following BL Lac and PKS 2155+304 to show this behaviour. The SED can be well fit by a one-zone SSC model, and variations in the flux states can be attributed mainly to changes in the particle distribution. A strong correlation is seen between the break energy γ b of the particle spectrum and the total bolometric luminosity.
Separating spatial and temporal variations in auroral electric and magnetic fields by Cluster multipoint measurements

Cluster multipoint measurements of the electric and magnetic fields from a crossing of auroral field lines at an altitude of 4 R E are used to show that it is possible to resolve the ambiguity of temporal versus spatial variations in the fields. We show that the largest electric fields (of the order of 300mV/m when mapped down to the ionosphere) are of a quasi-static nature, unipolar, associated with upward electron beams, stable on a time scale of at least half a minute, and located in two regions of downward current. We conclude that they are the high-altitude analogues of the intense return current/black auroral electric field structures observed at lower altitudes by Freja and FAST. In between these structures there are temporal fluctuations, which are shown to likely be downward travelling Alfven waves. The periods of these waves are 20-40s, which is not consistent with periods associated with either the Alfvenic ionospheric resonator, typical field line resonances or substorm onset related Pi2 oscillations. The multipoint measurements enable us to estimate a lower limit to the perpendicular wavelength of the Alfven waves to be of the order of 120km, which suggests that the perpendicular wavelength is similar to the dimension of the region between the two quasi-static structures. This might indicate that the Alfven waves are ducted within a wave guide, where the quasi-static structures are associated with the gradients making up this waveguide.
Inventories and sales uncertainty

We investigate the empirical linkages between sales uncertainty and firms' inventory investment behavior while controlling for firms' financial strength. Using large panels of manufacturing firms from several European countries we find that higher sales uncertainty leads to larger stocks of inventories. We also identify an indirect effect of sales uncertainty on inventory accumulation through the financial strength of firms. Our results provide evidence that financial strength mitigates the adverse effects of uncertainty.
Hedging in Academic Writings of EFL Students: ChemCorpus

T he current study focuses on the use of hedging in ChemCorpus. The data for this study consisted of a collection of 52 academic papers by magister students majoring English at Chemnitz University of Technology. The data including 103329 words were analysed by using the AntConc software focusing on the copulas other than ‘be’. The study revealed that the most frequently used copula was ‘become’ in terms of base, present and past form. Additionally, the use of hedging was investigated considering gender differences and it was concluded that similar hedges were frequently used by both male and female students. Lastly, there appeared to be slight differences in terms of the distribution of the selected hedges for both groups.
Multiplex PCR for detection of virulence gene profiles of Salmonella isolates from animals and man

Salmonellosis is a leading cause of illness in animals and man worldwide. The present study was undertaken to isolate Salmonella from various sources including animals, birds and human and to study their virulence gene profiles based on multiplex PCR assays developed for the purpose. Out of a total of 453 samples examined, 30 (6.62%) were found to be positive for Salmonella. Among the 30 isolates recovered, the serovar Salmonella Enteritidis was found to be themost prevalent (53.33%). The other serovars recovered were Salmonella Typhi 6 (20.00%), Salmonella Typhimurium 4 (13.33%), Salmonella Weltevreden 2 (6.67%), and Salmonella Dublin and Salmonella Gallinarum 1(3.33%) each. A multiplex PCR was designed for rapid detection of six important virulence genes of Salmonella , the chromosomal genes invA, agfA and stn in one set, and the plasmid encoded genes spvA, spv B and spv C in another. Isolates belonging to different serovars showed variable results in respect to possession of different virulence genes.
Winter sea ice export from the Laptev Sea preconditions the local summer sea ice cover

Recent studies based on satellite observations have shown that there is a high statistical connection between the late winter (Feb-May) sea ice export out the Laptev Sea, and the ice coverage in the following summer. By means of airborne sea ice thickness surveys made over pack ice areas in the southeastern Laptev Sea, we show that years of offshore directed sea ice transport have a thinning effect on the late winter sea ice cover, and vice versa. Once temperature rise above freezing, these thin ice zones melt more rapidly and hence, precondition local anomalies in summer sea ice cover. The preconditioning effect of the winter ice dynamics for the summer sea ice extent is confirmed with a model sensitivity study where we replace the inter-annual summer atmospheric forcing by a climatology. In the model, years with high late winter sea ice export always result in a reduced sea ice cover, and vice versa. We conclude that the observed tendency towards an increased ice export further accelerates ice retreat in summer. The mechanism presented in this study highlights the importance of winter ice dynamics for summer sea ice anomalies in addition to atmospheric processes acting on the ice cover between May and September. Finally, we show that ice dynamics in winter not only precondition local summer ice extent, but also accelerate fast ice decay.
Dynamics of bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and mesozooplankton communities during the development of an upwelling plume in the southern Benguela

Temporal changes in the biomass relationships and community structure of the planktonic food web during the development of a plume of upwelled water in the southern Benguela were investigated during 2 consecutive drogue studles. Three distinct water masses of increasing age were encountered. Primary production was highest (1 g C m-' h-') at the start of the study and decreased as the plume moved offshore. The planktonic community was initially characterised by a high biomass of bacteria (40 to 60 mg C m-"), a diatom-dominated phytoplankton community (>5 mg chl m-3), and a mesozooplankton community (30 to 86 mg C dominated by the copepod Calanoides carinatus. At the start of the second drogue, phytoplankton production and biomass were lower (ca 0.5 g C m-2 h' , 2 to 5 mg chl m-3), and the phytoplankton community was dominated numerically by nanoplanktonic flagellates (2 to 20 pm). Bacterial biornass estimates (190 mg C m-3) were the highest recorded thus far in sltu in the southern Benguela. Further offshore, primary production rates were < 0.2 g C m-'h-' and the biomass of phytoplankton and bacteria decreased to < 2 mg chl and ca 20 mg bacterial C m-3 C. carinatus dominated the copepod biomass throughout the study period, and showed a general inverse relationship with phytoplankton biomass. Grazing impact may have contributed significantly to the decline of the bloom, with copepods ingesting S to 10 % of phytoplankton biomass in maturing upwelled water, and up to 38 % towards the end of the bloom. Results suggest that herbivorous copepods become food-limited during the quiescent phase of the upwelling cycle or when the phytoplankton community is dominated by small nanoand picoplanktonic cells. Microheterotrophic pathways appear to be an important component of the pelagic food web in the southern Benguela. The relative dominance of the classical diatom-mesozooplankton food chains versus longer microbial food webs may have important implications for the population dynamics of pelagic fish.
Valuation of a Holding Company: The Case of SK C&C IPO

We examine the IPO of SK C&C. Facing the recent regulation change to improve corporate governance structure, Korean conglomerates resolve the issue of cross-holdings across affiliated companies. The establishment of a holding company and the IPO of SK C&C streamline the ownership structure of SK group. Our analysis shows that the issue price of SK C&C is set at substantial discount. Given that the priority of SK group was to improve corporate governance structure, it appears that managers of SK C&C are less interested in selling their shares at the highest possible price. The IPO of SK C&C achieved the intended goal of dismantling cross-holdings and streamlining ownership structure of SK group. This drives higher market valuation for shareholders of SK C&C and affiliated companies in SK group as well.
Zero resonances for localised potentials

This paper considers Hamiltonians with localised potentials and gives a variational characterisation of resonant coupling parameters, which allow to provide estimates for the first resonant parameter and in turn also to provide bounds for resonant free regions. As application we provide a constructive approach to calculate the first resonant parameter for Yukawa type potentials in $\mathbb R^3$.
Validity of PRISM Score in Predicting Mortality in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

Introduction: Severity of illness assessments is a critical part of ICU management. Study aimed at validiting the Pediatric Risk of Mortality score (PRISM) score in predicting mortality in a tertiary care Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in North India. Material and Methods: It was a Prospective observational study in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital in North India. 411 patients were enrolled in the study. We divided patients into two categories based on PRISM-III 24 score Patients with PRISM score >8 and those with a score of ≤8. Three hundred twenty-three (323) patients had a PRISM score ≤8, and 38 patients died in this category (11.8% mortality). In contrast, 88 patients had a PRISM score >8, and 32 patients died in this category (36.4% mortality). Results: Prism score >8 was a significant predictor of mortality (chi-square value of 29.615 and a p-value of <0.001). The odds ratio for dying in the presence of prism score >8 was 9.28 (9 times more risk of dying compared to patients with a prism score >8) with a 95% CI of 2.47-7.43. Cox regression analysis showed that PRISM score >8 was an independent predictor of mortality. Conclusion: PRISM score is a significant predictor of mortality.