Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An advanced method for flood risk analysis in river deltas, applied to societal flood fatality risk in the Netherlands

Abstract. This paper discusses a new method for flood risk assessment in river deltas. Flood risk analysis of river deltas is complex, because both storm surges and river discharges may cause flooding and the effect of upstream breaches on downstream water levels and flood risk must be taken into account. This paper presents a Monte Carlo-based flood risk analysis framework for policy making, which considers both storm surges and river flood waves and includes effects from hydrodynamic interaction on flood risk. It was applied to analyse societal flood fatality risk in the Rhine–Meuse delta.
Epstein-Barr virus associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with an unusual presentation of abdominal compartment syndrome

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a cytokine storm syndrome caused by an overactive but ineffective immune reaction. Without prompt diagnosis and treatment, HLH is life-threatening. However, presenting symptoms are often nonspecific, with fatigue and fever being the most common. A high index of suspicion is therefore critical for early diagnosis and timely management. A previously healthy, 65-year-old female who initially presented with fever and abdominal pain developed abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) requiring decompressive laparotomy on hospital day 6. Intraoperative frozen sections of biopsied liver showed intense portal lymphohistiocytic infiltrates. Epstein-Barr virus DNA copy numbers escalated from 600 copies/ mL after admission to 134,000 copies/mL before death. The diagnostic criteria of HLH-2004 were met. Patient expired on hospital day 12. It is important to raise awareness of ACS being an unusual presentation of HLH. Recent changes in diagnostic criteria tailored to adult HLH cases are reviewed.
Dynamic evaluation of a multi-year model simulation of particulate matter concentrations over Europe

Abstract. A 9 yr air quality simulation is conducted from 2000 to 2008 over Europe using the Polyphemus/Polair3D chemical-transport model (CTM) and then evaluated against the measurements of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). The spatial distribution of PM 2.5 over Europe shows high concentrations over northern Italy (36 μg m −3 ) and some areas of Eastern Europe, France, and Benelux, and low concentrations over Scandinavia, Spain, and the easternmost part of Europe. PM 2.5 composition differs among regions. The operational evaluation shows satisfactory model performance for ozone (O 3 ). PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and sulfate (SO 4 = ) meet the performance goal of Boylan and Russell (2006). Nitrate (NO 3 − ) and ammonium (NH 4 + ) are overestimated, although NH 4 + meets the performance criterion. The correlation coefficients between simulated and observed data are 63% for O 3 , 57% for PM 10 , 59% for PM 2.5 , 57% for SO 4 = , 42% for NO 3 − , and 58% for NH 4 + . The comparison with other recent 1 yr model simulations shows that all models overestimate nitrate. The performance of PM 2.5 , sulfate, and ammonium is comparable to that of the other models. The dynamic evaluation shows that the response of PM 2.5 to changes in meteorology differs depending on location and the meteorological variable considered. Wind speed and precipitation show a strong negative day-to-day correlation with PM 2.5 and its components (except for sea salt, which shows a positive correlation), which tends towards 0 as the day lag increases. On the other hand, the correlation coefficient is near constant for temperature, for any day lag and PM 2.5 species, but it may be positive or negative depending on the species and, for sulfate, depending on the location. The effects of precipitation and wind speed on PM 2.5 and its components are better reproduced by the model than the effects of temperature. This is mainly due to the fact that temperature has different effects on the PM 2.5 components, unlike precipitation and wind speed, which impact most of the PM 2.5 components in the same way. These results suggest that state-of-the-science air quality models reproduce satisfactorily the effect of meteorology on PM 2.5 and therefore are suitable to investigate the effects of climate change on particulate air quality, although uncertainties remain concerning semivolatile PM 2.5 components.
Moisture recycling in the Iberian Peninsula from a regional climate simulation: Spatiotemporal analysis and impact on the precipitation regime

The contribution of the evapotranspiration from a certain region to the precipitation over the same area is referred to as water recycling. In this paper, we explore the spatiotemporal links between the recycling mechanism and the Iberian rainfall regime. We use a 9 km resolution Weather Research and Forecasting simulation of 18 years (1990–2007) to compute local and regional recycling ratios over Iberia, at the monthly scale, through both an analytical and a numerical recycling model. In contrast to coastal areas, the interior of Iberia experiences a relative maximum of precipitation in spring, suggesting a prominent role of land‐atmosphere interactions on the inland precipitation regime during this period of the year. Local recycling ratios are the highest in spring and early summer, coinciding with those areas where this spring peak of rainfall represents the absolute maximum in the annual cycle. This confirms that recycling processes are crucial to explain the Iberian spring precipitation, particularly over the eastern and northeastern sectors. Average monthly recycling values range from 0.04 in December to 0.14 in June according to the numerical model and from 0.03 in December to 0.07 in May according to the analytical procedure. Our analysis shows that the highest values of recycling are limited by the coexistence of two necessary mechanisms: (1) the availability of sufficient soil moisture and (2) the occurrence of appropriate synoptic configurations favoring the development of convective regimes. The analyzed surplus of rainfall in spring has a critical impact on agriculture over large semiarid regions of the interior of Iberia.
Empowering farmers to learn and innovate through integration of video-mediated and face-to-face extension approaches: The case of rice farmers in Uganda

Abstract Agricultural extension is perceived as the primary mechanism through which farmers expand their ability to adopt and adapt new technologies and ideas. The use of Information and Communication Technology like videos in extension is being fronted as an alternative to the conventional Face-to-face extension approach (F2FEA). A comparison of effectiveness of the Video-mediated extension approach (VMEA) and F2FEA among rice farmers in two districts of Uganda challenges the independent use of the two approaches. A cross-sectional survey of two non-equivalent groups subjected to VMEA in Kamwenge and F2FEA in Hoima districts was conducted with 196 farmers. The results indicate greater potential for integration of VMEA and F2FEA as the two are complementary in the various stages of the farmer learning framework developed. VMEA is significantly better in awareness creation and sharing of knowledge and experiences while the F2FEA is significantly better at enhancing knowledge acquisition and retention and application. The relative strengths of VMEA and F2FEA can best be harnessed through integration of the approaches. The integration will not solve the problem of large farmer to extension ratio common in developing countries but will rather make the extension workers more effective. The integration however calls for rethinking of institutional arrangement, roles of the extension worker, and pragmatic retooling of the extension worker to embrace social learning principles that empower farmers to be more self-directed learners and innovators.
The classification of Zamolodchikov periodic quivers

Abstract:Zamolodchikov periodicity is a property of certain discrete dynamical systems associated with quivers. It has been shown by Keller to hold for quivers obtained as products of two Dynkin diagrams. We prove that the quivers exhibiting Zamolodchikov periodicity are in bijection with pairs of commuting Cartan matrices of finite type. Such pairs were classified by Stembridge in his study of $W$-graphs. The classification includes products of Dynkin diagrams along with four other infinite families, and eight exceptional cases. We provide a proof of Zamolodchikov periodicity for all four remaining infinite families, and verify the exceptional cases using a computer program.
The Fleas (Arthropoda: Insecta: Siphonaptera) of Arkansas

Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) are important ectoparasites of cats, dogs, other mammals (including humans), and birds, and are an important component of the biota of North America. In addition, they can be nuisance biters and serve as vectors or intermediate hosts of several flea-borne disease agents and parasites that negatively affect mammals and birds. In Arkansas, there have been no recent comprehensive summaries of fleas in the last 45+ years. Here, we provide a summary of the 29 species of fleas within 7 families that have been recorded from the state, update their taxonomy, and note their medical and veterinary importance.
Growth Dynamics: The Myth of Economic Recovery

Using panel data for a large number of countries, we find that economic contractions are not followed by offsetting fast recoveries. Trend output lost is not regained, on average. Wars, crises, and other negative shocks lead to absolute divergence and lower long-run growth, whereas we find absolute convergence in expansions. The output costs of political and financial crises are permanent on average, and long-term growth is negatively linked to volatility. These results also imply that panel data studies can help identify the sources of growth and that economic models should be capable of explaining growth and fluctuations within the same framework.
A performance analysis of an all-optical clock extraction circuit based on Fabry-Perot filter

A performance analysis of an optical clock extraction circuit based on a Fabry-Perot filter (FPF) is presented. Two analytical methods, time-domain and frequency-domain analysis, are developed in this paper. Time-domain analysis shows that there is no phase jitter in the extracted optical clock if the free spectral range (FSR) of the FPF is exactly equal to the signal clock frequency. Based on this, we obtain an analytical expression for root mean square (rms) amplitude jitter of the extracted optical clock in time domain, in which we have taken the impacts of carrier frequency drift and carrier phase noise into account. When the FSR of the FPF deviates from the signal clock frequency, both phase jitter and amplitude jitter will occur in the extracted optical clock. In this situation, a more general frequency-domain method is developed to deal with the timing performance under the assumption that carrier phase noise is negligible. This method allows us to calculate both rms phase jitter and rms amplitude jitter of the extracted optical clock. Using the developed two methods, we present a detailed numerical investigation on the impacts of finesse of the FPF, carrier frequency drift, resonator detuning, carrier phase noise, and optical pulse chirp on the timing performance. Finally, the application of this circuit in multiwavelength clock recovery is discussed.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to broca’s area: persisting effects on non-verbal motor behaviors

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been investigated as a novel therapy for addressing motor, cognitive, and language deficits. While anodal tDCS to the primary motor cortex results in improved motor behaviors, few studies have examined if tDCS to other areas involved in motor output produces similar benefits. Although Broca’s area is associated with speech production and grammar acquisition, it also contributes to motor planning and output in non-speech tasks. This study involved applying anodal tDCS to Broca’s area and observing effects on non-verbal motor output. Twenty young adults completed two testing sessions separated by one week. Participants received either 30 minutes of 1.0 mA of anodal tDCS to Broca’s area or sham stimulation. During stimulation (or sham), participants completed two tasks: (1) a limits of stability dynamic balance task and (2) a simple (SRT)/choice reaction time(CRT) tasks. Subjects who received tDCS to first performed significantly better on SRT and dynamic balance accuracy and showed a trend for dynamic balance speed when tested one week later compared to those who received sham stimulation first. These findings indicate that Broca’s area is involved in the production of non-verbal motor behaviors and may have implications novel combined speech and movement therapy interventions. Correspondence to: Caroline J. Ketcham, PhD 2525 Campus Box, Elon, NC 27244, USA Tel: (336) 278-5807, E-mail: cketcham@elon.edu Running Title: Motor performance with tDCS to Broca’s area
Fault reactivation and selective abandonment in the oceanic lithosphere

Normal and transform faults originally formed at a spreading‐centre can be reactivated in diffuse plate boundary zones and in areas of lithospheric flexure such as at peripheral bulges to subduction zones. Using new seismic reflection profiles and modeling, we investigate how the original oceanic fabric is reactivated in the simple case of fault perpendicular compression. In the Central Indian Basin, well‐oriented normal paleofaults were reactivated with reverse motion at the very onset of deformation (9 Ma) but only a small subset remained active past ∼7 Ma, suggesting that most of the densely spaced small‐offset faults were abandoned while deformation localized onto fewer faults with larger spacing. We find a similar evolution using a 2D finite element code of lithospheric shortening using a pseudoplastic rheology. Weak zones, 3 km‐spaced and 30–40% weaker than the surrounding material, are introduced to simulate the fabric formed at the ridge axis. We show that reactivation and selective abandonment require strain weakening followed by strain‐rate weakening once a maturation threshold is reached. A maturation fault slip of less than 50 m is needed to produce a fault network similar to that in the Central Indian Ocean.
The Relationship between Organizational Trust and Organizational Silence with Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of the Employees of University

This study aimed to investigate the structural model between organizational trust and organizational silence with job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the employees of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan, (Khorasgan) branch. The study method is descriptive-correlation. The study population is the employees of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan branch (Khorasgan) as 340. 180 employees are selected by simple random method and sampling Table (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970). The questionnaires of organizational trust (Ellonen et al., 2008) and organizational silence questionnaires, job satisfaction and organizational commitment (Bouradas & Vakola, 2005). For analysis of study findings, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations modeling are applied. The results of study showed that organizational trust had inverse and significant relation with organizational silence and had positive and significant relationship with job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Also, there was an inverse and significant relationship between organizational silence and job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The results of structural equations modeling showed that organizational trust had direct impact on organizational silence (-64) organizational commitment (0.45) and job satisfaction (0.39) and has indirect impact via organizational silence on organizational commitment (0.29) and job satisfaction (0.29). Also, organizational silence had direct impact on organizational commitment and job satisfaction (-45). The model has good conditions in terms of fitness indices and fitness data.
Actionable feedback: Unlocking the power of learning and performance improvement

Executive Overview Delivering critical feedback can be brutal for everyone involved. Most managers hate giving critical feedback, and most employees detest receiving it. In addition, critical feedback often fails to produce the desired results. We describe how cognitive and emotional dynamics—how we think and feel while giving and receiving feedback—can complicate this process, making it more painful and less useful than it should be. These dynamics often interfere with the ability of recipients to process and respond constructively to feedback. They also interfere with the ability of feedback givers to formulate and deliver feedback that is high quality and does not produce defensiveness. Further complicating matters, both feedback givers and receivers have a difficult time recognizing how their own cognitive and emotional dynamics are hindering their effectiveness in the feedback process. We illustrate how these dynamics hamper the feedback giving and receiving process and how understanding them can hel.
Computational framework for risk-based planning of inspections, maintenance and condition monitoring using discrete Bayesian networks

Abstract This paper presents a computational framework for risk-based planning of inspections and repairs for deteriorating components. Two distinct types of decision rules are used to model decisions: simple decision rules that depend on constants or observed variables (e.g. inspection outcome), and advanced decision rules that depend on variables found using Bayesian updating (e.g. probability of failure). Two decision models are developed, both relying on dynamic Bayesian networks (dBNs) for deterioration modelling. For simple decision rules, dBNs are used directly for exact assessment of total expected life-cycle costs. For advanced decision rules, simulations are performed to estimate the expected costs, and dBNs are used within the simulations for decision-making. Information from inspections and condition monitoring are included if available. An example in the paper demonstrates the framework and the implemented strategies and decision rules, including various types of condition-based maintenance. The strategies using advanced decision rules lead to reduced costs compared to the simple decision rules when condition monitoring is applied, and the value of condition monitoring is estimated by comparing the lowest costs obtained with and without condition monitoring.
The Needy Donor: An Empirical Analysis of India’s Aid Motives

It is puzzling that India, which has a large domestic constituency of people suffering from underdevelopment, chronic poverty and mal-governance, is emerging as an important aid donor. With the intension of understanding why poor countries provide foreign aid, this article is the first to econometrically analyze India’s aid allocation decisions. First, we utilize cross-sectional data on aid commitments by the Ministry of External Affairs to 125 developing countries, obtained in US dollars from AidData for the 2008-2010 period. Second, we compare India’s aid allocation with that of other donors. Our findings show that India’s aid allocation is partially in line with our expectations of the behavior of a “needy” donor. Commercial and political self-interests dominate India’s aid allocation. We find the importance of political interests to be significantly larger for India than for all donors of the Development Assistance Committee. Moreover, we find that countries which are closer geographically are favored, and that countries at a similar developmental stage are more likely to enter India’s aid program.
A hybrid fuzzy BWM-COPRAS method for analyzing key factors of sustainable architecture

Sustainable development by emphasizing on satisfying the current needs of the general public without threating their futures, alongside with taking the environment and future generations under consideration, has become one of the prominent issues in different societies. Therefore, identifying and prioritizing the key factors of sustainable architecture according to regional and cultural features could be the first step in sustaining the architecture as a process and an outcome. In this paper, the key indicators of the environmental sustainability in contemporary architecture of Iran has been identified and prioritized. This study has been performed in three phases. First, identifying key factors of environmental sustainability according to the experts’ point of view and transforming the collected data to triangular fuzzy numbers. Subsequently, the best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method (henceforth BWM) under grey system circumstances has determined the weights and priority of the identified criteria. Eventually, identified key factors were prioritized by the complex proportional assessment method (hereafter COPRAS) under the condition of fuzzy sets. The results indicate that the key factors of creating engagement between buildings and other urban systems has the highest priority in the built environment sustainability in contemporary architecture and proving building management systems has the lowest.
Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization in a Guava Orchard Evaluated for Five Cycles: Effects on the Plant and on Production

Guava response to fertilization can be monitored through plant tissue analysis. Correct interpretation of these results, based on standard levels, is of great importance for correct nutrient management of the crop. However, standard levels are constantly criticized for not considering interactions among elements. To improve the nutritional diagnosis of ‘Paluma’ guava (Psidium guajava L., Myrtaceae), an experiment was conducted using nitrogen fertilization (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kg per plant per cycle of N, with urea as a source with 45 % N), and potassium fertilization (0, 0.55, 1.1, and 2.2 kg per plant per cycle of K2O, with potassium chloride as a source with 60 % K2O) in an irrigated commercial area for five consecutive cycles, 2009 through 2012, observing the influence of fertilizers and climate and assessing yield and leaf element content, using the concept of isometric log ratios (ilr) to interpret leaf analysis results (N, P, Ca, Mg, K, and S). This paper showed that nutrient balances and nutrient concentration values can be interpreted coherently using compositional data analysis. Ranges of nutrient balances also were established for “Paluma” guava and validated through ranges grounded in nutrient contents currently used in Brazil. Nitrogen fertilization increased “Paluma” guava yield. The 0.5 kg N application rate per plant and the other studied treatments practically showed the same results, and their values were affected by pruning time as well as the nutrient balances.
CFD Analysis and Optimization of Heat Transfer in Double Pipe Heat Exchanger with Helical-Tap Inserts at Annulus of Inner Pipe

In heat exchanger for increasing the rate of heat transfer with helical-tape inserts have useful. Generally, helicaltape inserts causes swirl flow introduces at outside of inner tube which continuously disrupts the thermal boundary layer of fluid on the tube. This analysis has done on a single unit of pipe of heat exchanger those are used in a heat exchanger and this investigation is useful to increase the thermal characteristics of a heat exchanger. To analyze the characteristics of helical-tap inserts at annulus of inner pipe, a 3-D analytical model has been developed. From the analysis it is cleared that there are good relation between Nusselt no. and friction factor for enhancing the heat transfer. SST k-ω turbulent model is to be selected for simulation because it gives better turbulent model. From analysis, helical-tape inserts increase the heat transfer rate with expectation of pressure drop. In this work an analysis has been done on heat transfer phenomenon of helical-tap inserts at annulus of the inner pipe.