Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of hypertension in rats during chronic exposure to cold.

Resting systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures (MBP), as well as heart rates, of unanesthetized, unrestrained, cold-acclimated (CA, 4 wk, 6 degrees C) rats were measured by direct arterial cannula and compared with those of controls maintained at 25 degrees C. Exposure to cold increased all these measurements significantly. Mean heart weight of CA rats was also increased significantly above that of controls. The responsiveness of MBP and heart rate to administration of the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol (3, 5, and 8 micrograms/kg ip), to unanesthetized, unrestrained, CA rats during exposure to air at 6 degrees C was similar to, and possibly less than, that of warm-acclimated (WA) rats measured at 25 degrees C. Acute administration of the alpha-adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine (100 micrograms/kg ip), to CA rats while in air at 6 degrees C induced less of a change in MBP from pretreatment level than was observed in WA rats. However, no differences were observed between groups when changes in heart rate from pretreatment level were compared. A similar statement may be made for a higher dose of phenylephrine (150 micrograms/kg ip), although MBP were elevated to higher levels in both groups with the higher dose. Abrupt exposure of WA rats to cold (6 degrees C) resulted in a sharp increase in heart rate and a more gradual increase in MBP over a period of 1 h. Removal of CA rats from 6 to 25 degrees C resulted in a gradual decrease in heart rate with no significant change in MBP during the ensuing hour. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Relationship between momentary affect states and self-efficacy in adolescent smokers.

OBJECTIVE Relapse to smoking after making a quit attempt is both common and rapid in adolescent smokers. Momentary self-efficacy (SE)-that is, momentary shifts in one's confidence in the ability to abstain from smoking-predicts the occurrence and timing of relapse among adolescent smokers. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that are associated with changes in momentary SE early in a quit attempt. This study examined the relationship between affect states (including positive, negative, and nicotine withdrawal states) and momentary SE at various stages of a quit attempt. METHOD Adolescent daily smokers interested in making a quit attempt (n = 202) completed ecological momentary assessments (EMA) each day for 1 week leading up to and 2 weeks after a quit attempt. In each assessment, they reported current SE and affect state. RESULTS RESULTS of linear mixed models indicated that most of the examined affect states were related to momentary SE. Contrary to expectation, they were related to momentary SE both immediately before and after the quit attempt. Moderation effects were observed for select affect states, where higher baseline SE was related to lower momentary SE in the presence of increasing negative high activation, boredom, and difficulty concentrating. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that both positive and negative affect states are related to SE, and that thereby positive affect enhancement may be a promising, underutilized treatment target.
An electric simulator to solve education engineering problems in fluid mechanics

Electrical analogy, which is used to solve numerical problems in fluid mechanics, is used here to solve the classical problem of Couette flow between two parallel plates, Hagen–Poiseuille flow in a pipe and the transient free convection flow along a semi‐infinite vertical wall. The nonlinear system of partial differential equations is numerically solved by the Network Simulation Method, based on thermo‐electric analogy. A simulator of electrical devices, permits the direct visualization of the local and/or integrated transport variables (temperatures, velocities, concentrations, and fluxes) at any point or section of the medium. At the same time, the solution for both transient and steady‐state problems is obtained, the only requirement being finite‐difference schemes for the spatial variable. This educational tool is seen to be very useful for solving numerical problems in engineering and can be used to graduate in the University. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 748–757, 2013
Characteristics of acute adult poisoning cases admitted to a university hospital in Istanbul

Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the characteristics of acute adult poisoning cases admitted to a university hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Patients and methods: All cases admitted to the Emergency Unit of the Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Hospital, between January 2001 and December 2001, were included in this study. We analysed the clinical charts for aetiological and demographical characteristics of the acutely poisoned patients. Results: There were 284 poisoning cases (207 females and 77 males) among 11 834 patients admitted to the Emergency Unit. This was 2.4% of all emergency admissions. The female-to-male ratio was 3:1. The mean age was 27±12 years (age range 15–87) and the majority of the patients (73.94%) were below the age of 30 years. The median age was 24 years. Medicinal drugs were the major cause (69.37%) of the cases, followed by inhalation of gases (14.44%), alcohol (5.99%), alcohol together with illicit drugs (4.23%), food (3.17%), corrosives (1.76%) and pesticides (1.06%). The route of administration was as follows: 84.51% orally, 14.44% by inhalation and 1.06% by intravenous injection. Seventy-one per cent of acute poisonings were self-inflicted and 88% occurred at home. The most frequently involved medicinal drugs were antidepressants and analgesics. In 32.04% of cases, there was more than one medicinal drug responsible for the poisoning. The seasonal distribution in poisoning patients suggested a peak in summer (31.7% of presentations) and winter (30.9%) and lower numbers in spring (22.9%) and autumn (14.5%). The follow-up period of the patients were 1–12 hours for 42 cases (15%), 13–24 hours for 134 cases (47%) and more than 24 hours for 108 cases (38%). Two of the 284 cases with acute poisonings were fatal. This was a university hospital-based study, so these results may not be representative of the general population. Despite this drawback, these data still provide important information about the characteristics of poisoning in the largest city of the country.
Massive parallel MHC genotyping: titanium that shines

The power of population genetic analyses is often limited by sample size resulting from constraints in financial resources and time to genotype large numbers of individuals. This particularly applies to nonmodel species where detailed genomic knowledge is lacking. Next‐generation sequencing technology using primers ‘tagged’ with an individual barcode of a few nucleotides offers the opportunity to genotype hundreds of individuals at several loci in parallel ( Binladen et al. 2007 ; Meyer et al. 2008 ). The large number of sequence reads can also be used to identify artefacts by frequency distribution thresholds intrinsically determined for each run and data set. In Babik et al. (2009 ), next‐generation deep sequencing was used to genotype several major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIB loci of the European bank vole ( Fig. 1 ). Their approach can be useful for many researchers working with complex multiallelic templates and large sample sizes.
Performance of a brain PET camera based on anger-logic gadolinium oxyorthosilicate detectors.

UNLABELLED A high-sensitivity, high-resolution brain PET scanner ("G-PET") has been developed. This scanner is similar in geometry to a previous brain scanner developed at the University of Pennsylvania, the HEAD Penn-PET, but the detector technology and electronics have been improved to achieve enhanced performance. METHODS This scanner has a detector ring diameter of 42.0 cm with a patient aperture of 30.0 cm and an axial field of view of 25.6 cm. It comprises a continuous light-guide that couples 18,560 (320 x 58 array) 4 x 4 x 10 mm(3) gadolinium oxyorthosilicate (GSO) crystals to 288 (36 x 8 array) 39-mm photomultiplier tubes in a hexagonal arrangement. The scanner operates only in 3-dimensional (3D) mode because there are no interplane septa. Performance measurements on the G-PET scanner were made following National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU 2-2001 procedures for most measurements, although NU 2-1994 procedures were used when these were considered more appropriate for a brain scanner (e.g., scatter fraction and counting-rate performance measurements). RESULTS The transverse and axial resolutions near the center are 4.0 and 5.0 mm, respectively. At a radial offset of 10 cm, these numbers deteriorate by approximately 0.5 mm. The absolute sensitivity of this scanner measured with a 70-cm long line source is 4.79 counts per second (cps)/kBq. The scatter fraction measured with a line source in a 20-cm-diameter x 19-cm-long cylinder is 39% (for a lower energy threshold of 410 keV). For the same cylinder, the peak noise equivalent counting rate is 60 kcps at an activity concentration of 7.4 kBq/mL (0.20 micro Ci/mL), whereas the peak true coincidence rate is 132 kcps at an activity concentration of 14 kBq/mL (0.38 micro Ci/mL). Images from the Hoffman brain phantom as well as (18)F-FDG patient scans illustrate the high quality of images acquired on the G-PET scanner. CONCLUSION The G-PET scanner attains the goal of high performance for brain imaging through the use of an Anger-logic GSO detector design with continuous optical coupling. This detector design leads to good energy resolution, which is needed in 3D imaging to minimize scatter and random coincidences.
Migraine and Probable Migraine — Results of FRAMIG 3, a French Nationwide Survey Carried out According to the 2004 IHS Classification

The 2004 International Headache Society (IHS) classification of headache disorders introduced the new category of probable migraine defined by the existence of all but one of typical migraine criteria. FRAMIG 3, the first nationwide population-based survey performed in France using the 2004 IHS classification, assessed the prevalence of probable migraine and compared its features and management with those of strict migraine. Of a representative sample of 10 532 adult subjects interviewed, 1179 subjects (11.2%) were diagnosed as having strict migraine and 1066 (10.1%) as having probable migraine. The criterion most frequently missing was typical headache duration (4-72 h) and most subjects with probable headache had shorter average headache duration. Migraine severity and disability, although lower than those noted in subjects with strict migraine, were significant in subjects with probable migraine and quality of life impairment was identical among the two groups of migraine sufferers. Strict and probable migraine, which have similar prevalence and impact on migraine subjects, deserve similar medical and therapeutic management.
Recurrent Carotid Disease: Will Stents Be an Alternative to Surgery?

Purpose: To report the results of balloon angioplasty in recurrent carotid occlusive disease and evaluate the potential for stent implantation. Methods and Results: Between April 1991 and September 1995, 15 patients with carotid restenosis underwent 17 endoluminal procedures in 3 common carotid and 14 internal carotid arteries. Two postdilation complications (dissection and acute occlusion) required prompt stenting; one common carotid artery was stented for postdilation residual stenosis. One recurrent lesion was also stented 6 months after initial angioplasty. One stroke, 1 silent cerebral infarction, and 3 transient ischemic attacks occurred in the balloon angioplasty patients (33% neurological complication rate). The common carotid stent patient died 3 days postoperatively due to hyperperfusion syndrome. Long-term follow-up in two stent patients showed no restenosis at 18 and 48 months, respectively. The 11 balloon angioplasty patients likewise have not demonstrated restenosis. Conclusions: Balloon angioplasty alone appears too risky for treating recurrent carotid disease. Stents may offer a safer alternative, particularly when implanted primarily.
How to Transfer a Coupon-Based Event into a Hedonic Shopping Experience? Retail Branding Implications Based on the Glamour Shopping Days

The paper examines the motivational drivers behind the participation of Hungarian consumers on a special shopping event, also known as Glamour Days. The study encompasses a variety of related conceptualizations such as hedonic/utilitarian shopping values, self-gifting as well as impulsive buying practices. After the introduction of relevant consumer behaviour concepts and theoretical frameworks, the paper presents a qualitative research on adult and adolescent female consumers’ shopping experiences during Glamour Days. By building on phenomenological methodology, this study also portrays the ways this shopping event has changed consumer society within an originally strongly utilitarian attitude driven Hungarian culture. The phenomenological interview results highlight differences within the motivational drivers of pleasure-oriented shopping for the two age groups. For teenagers, the main motivation was related to the utilitarian aspect due to their financial dependence and the special opportunity to stand out of their peer group by joining an event that is exclusively held for adult women. On the other hand, adult women are motivated by combined hedonic and utilitarian values manifested in self-gifting and impulse buying within an effectively planned and managed shopping trip. Based on the results, retail specific strategies are provided along with future research directions.
Anionic charge concentration of rat kidney glomeruli and glomerular basement membrane.

Estimates of levels of glomerular and glomerular-basement-membrane anion charge should serve as useful quantitative markers for the integrity of the tissues in health and disease. We have developed a simple, rapid, technique to measure this charge through the use of ion exchange with radioisotopes 22Na+ and 36Cl- at low ionic strengths in phosphate buffer. When this technique is used, normal glomeruli isolated from rat have a measured net anion charge concentration of 17.4 +/- 3.7 p-equiv. per glomerulus (n = 20). Perfused rat kidneys that lose approximately half of their glomerular heparan [35S]sulphate content (owing to oxygen-radical damage) exhibited a lower anion charge, of 7.5 +/- 1.6 p-equiv. per glomerulus (n = 5). Glomerular basement membranes prepared from rat glomeruli by a sonication-centrifugation procedure in the presence of enzyme inhibitors had a charge concentration of 6.3 +/- 0.7 mu-equiv. /g wet wt. of tissue (n = 4), whereas membranes prepared by sonication, centrifugation, DNAse and detergent treatment had a charge concentration of 7.1 +/- 1.6 mu-equiv. /g wet wt. (n = 4). Isotope-dilution experiments with 3H2O on these detergent-prepared glomerular basement membranes demonstrated that they had a water content of approx. 93%, which would then give a net anion charge concentration of 7.6 +/- 1.7 m-equiv. /l (n = 4). These values are in good agreement with those obtained by others using titration techniques [Bray and Robinson (1984) Kidney Int. 25, 527-533]. The relatively low magnitude of glomerular anion charge in normal kidneys is consistent with other recent findings that glomerular anion charge is too low to affect the glomerular transport of charged molecules in a direct, passive, biophysical manner through electrostatic interactions.
Numerical Study on Flow Field and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Rectangular Impinging Jets

Numerical simulation of unsteady turbulent flow for a rectangular impinging jet is carried out in this paper. The Nusselt number at stagnation point increases as nozzle to plate distance (H/D) increases until H/D=8. This may be caused by nonlinear dynamic effects in momentum and energy transport within the boundary layers. The flow and temperature fields in one period have been compared. The temperature fields only change a little with the presence of vortex produced by rectangular impinging jet.
Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in Depression: A Review of Three Studies

We review three studies of omega‐3 fatty acids in the treatment of depression that were carried out by our research group at the Beer Sheva Mental Health Center. The first study examined eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) versus placebo as an adjunct to antidepressant treatment in 20 unipolar patients with recurrent major depression. The second study used omega‐3 fatty acids in childhood major depression; 28 children aged 6–12 were randomized to omega‐3 fatty acids or placebo as pharmacologic monotherapy. The third study was an open‐label add‐on trial of EPA in bipolar depression. Twelve bipolar outpatients with depressive symptoms were treated with 1.5–2.0 g/day of EPA for up to 6 months. In the adult unipolar depression study, highly significant benefits were found by week 3 of EPA treatment compared with placebo. In the child study, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed highly significant effects of omega‐3 on each of the three rating scales. In the bipolar depression study, 8 of the 10 patients who completed at least 1 month of follow‐up achieved a 50% or greater reduction in Hamilton depression (Ham‐D) scores within 1 month. No significant side effects were reported in any of the studies. Omega‐3 fatty acids were shown to be more effective than placebo for depression in both adults and children in small controlled studies and in an open study of bipolar depression. (This review discusses three studies, all from our group, completed before the clinical trial registry was initiated.)
Immediate and Midterm Results following Treatment of Recently Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms with the Pipeline Embolization Device

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A number of flow-diverting devices have become available for endovascular occlusion of cerebral aneurysms. This article reports immediate and midterm results in recently ruptured aneurysms treated with the PED. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective registry was established at 3 Australian neurointerventional sites to collect data on ruptured and unruptured aneurysms treated with PED during a 12-month period from August 2009. From this data base of 65 patients, 11 cases of recent aneurysmal SAH were examined. Relevant data including antiplatelet therapy, technical issues, complications, and imaging findings during at least a 6-month period of follow-up were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Eleven patients had acutely ruptured aneurysms with SAH. Clinical follow-up was available on all cases with imaging follow-up at 6 months in 9 patients. Two patients died from rebleeding during the acute illness. There was no other procedural or delayed significant symptomatic morbidity. Eight aneurysms were occluded with a single case of residual body filling. CONCLUSIONS: PED should be used in SAH with caution, reserved for suitable patients concomitantly treated with endosaccular coiling if possible.
A New OCT Finding in Tuberculous Serpiginous-like Choroidopathy

Abstract Purpose: To present a case of tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis (SLC) with previously unreported choroidal findings on enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT). Design: Case report. Methods: A 60-year-old female presented with decreased vision. Serpiginous choroidopathy was diagnosed. Laboratory workup revealed an infectious etiology. EDI-OCT revealed previously unreported choroidal findings. Results: Laboratory workup revealed nonreactive Treponema pallidum antibodies and positive QuantiFERON Gold. CT chest showed scars of prior granulomatous disease. OCT with EDI of active lesions demonstrated infiltration of the choroid, elevation of the RPE-Bruch’s membrane complex and focal increase of choroidal thickness. Conclusions: Choroidal infiltration with elevation of the RPE was demonstrated on EDI-OCT in active areas of tuberculous serpiginous-like choroiditis in this patient. This finding has not been described in imaging of patients with noninfectious serpiginous choroidopathy and may be a useful tool to differentiate serpiginous choroidopathy (SC) from serpiginous-like choroiditis (SLC). EDI-OCT may provide characterization of choroidal involvement.
Morphotypic Conversion in Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm Formation: Biological Significance of Rough Colony Isolates

ABSTRACT Adherence to a stainless steel surface selected isolates of Listeria monocytogenes with enhanced surface colonization abilities and a change in phenotype from the common smooth colony morphology to a succession of rough colony morphotypes. Growth in broth culture of the best-adapted, surface-colonizing rough colony morphotype gave a smooth colony revertant. Comparative analysis revealed that the smooth and rough variants had similar phenotypic and biochemical characteristics (e.g., identical growth rates and tolerances to antibiotics and environmental stressors). Rough colony isolates, however, failed to coordinate motility or induce autolysis. The defect in autolysis of rough colony isolates, which involved impaired cellular localization of several peptidoglycan-degrading enzymes, including cell wall hydrolase A (CwhA), suggested a link to a secretory pathway defect. The genetic basis for the impairment was studied at the level of the accessory secretory pathway component SecA2. DNA sequencing of the secA2 gene in smooth and rough colony isolates found no mutations in the coding or promoter regions. Analysis of SecA2 expression with an integrated secA2-FLAG tag construct found the protein to be upregulated in the rough and revertant backgrounds compared to the parental smooth colony isolate. A compensatory mechanism involving the SecA2 secretion pathway components is postulated to control smooth to rough interconversion of L. monocytogenes. Such phenotypic variation may enhance the ability of this opportunistic pathogen to colonize environments as diverse as processing surfaces, food products, and animal hosts.
Equivalence Versus Indifference Scales

Comparing income levels across families with different composition is a central issue for most welfare indicators and policies. Currently, the dominant method relies on income‐based equivalence scales, which raise a host of theoretical, empirical and normative difficulties. However, a new approach, based on the notion of indifference scales, avoids most of these problems, while leading to empirically tractable estimation methods. I submit that time has come to abandon the traditional view in favour of the new concept.
Unravelling the phylogenetic relationships of African trypanosomes of suids

African trypanosomes of the subgenera Nannomonas and Pycnomonas have been recorded from both wild and domestic suids. However, complete descriptions of some of these trypanosomes with regard to host range, pathogenicity, transmission and distribution are still lacking. Neither the recently described Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) godfreyi nor Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense Tsavo have been isolated from mammalian hosts, while Trypanosoma (Pycnomonas) suis remains the rarest of the Salivarian trypanosomes. The only isolate presumed to be of the latter species is maintained at the Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, Nairobi. We present here the results of characterization of this isolate by morphology, tsetse transmission, the use of species-specific DNA probes and DNA sequence analysis. Morphology in stained blood smears revealed a small trypanosome with a free flagellum. Experimental transmission through Glossina morsitans morsitans showed a developmental cycle typical of subgenus Nannomonas. A positive identification was obtained with species-specific PCR primers for T. congolense Tsavo; moreover, the sequence of the SSU rRNA gene was almost identical to that of T. congolense Tsavo on database. In phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA genes of Salivarian trypanosomes, T. congolense Tsavo grouped with T. simiae rather than T. congolense, suggesting that the name T. simiae Tsavo is more appropriate.