Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smart GDBC Screening for High Quality IPD

This paper introduces a high quality screening methodology, using Integrated Passive Device (IPD) as an example device, which has the capability to increase power integrity of Integrated Fan Out Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (InFO WLCSP). InFO WLCSP is a more cost effective solution to achieve “More than Moore’s law” for mobile devices than 3D integrated circuits (3DIC). Ultra-thin IPD with high capacitance densityis capable to further shrinking InFO package dimensions and boosting its performance. Although the cost percentage of an IPD in the whole InFO package is negligible, a defective IPD can cause the whole InFO package malfunctioned. Traditional test methods such as good die in a bad cluster (GDBC) and dynamic part averaging testing (DPAT) are used screening IPD devices, however it is insufficient for high quality screen standards. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology that leads to an effective screening method to guarantee high quality and reliable IPD devices for InFO packages. We will show results on some industrial cases to validate our claims.
How Chinese firms link with foreign markets

This dissertation consists of three essays, each of which studies a unique perspective of how Chinese firms participate in foreign markets. The first essay investigates a government regulation that restricts the use of intermediaries linking domestic producers and foreign buyers. A model is developed to describe the matches between automakers and intermediaries. It shows that the regulation leads to market division, inefficiencies in matching, and double marginalization. The model predictions coincide with a number of stylized facts: a strong decline in the number of auto intermediaries, assortative matching, export price increases for intermediaries, and substantial churning in the sets of intermediaries registered by the automakers. Welfare analysis shows that this regulation benefits automakers while intermediaries are made worse off. The second essay studies the sales allocation of Chinese exporters between domestic and foreign markets. The exports to domestic sales ratio is decreasing in firm productivity. Heterogeneous marketing cost elasticities are introduced in the model to rationalize this empirical phenomenon. A higher marketing cost elasticity domestically gives rise to a larger sales expansion in the home market as firm productivity increases. Empirical tests of the model predictions provide evidence to support the role of marketing costs and are inconsistent with alternative explanations related to variable markups and product quality. The third essay examines the persistence of trade relationships from a historical point of view. It studies the effect of treaty linkages established between Chinese cities and foreign countries during the 19th century on China’s trade today. Evidence shows that trade is higher among the group of countries and cities that were involved in treaty arrangements. These higher levels of trade may be due to complementary in industry structure and business knowledge developed in the treaty port era. An alternative explanation is that today’s trade is due to the relatively high levels of development of the trading partners and is unrelated to treaty ports.
Non-Markovianity of the post-Markovian master equation

An easily solvable quantum master equation has long been sought that takes into account memory effects induced on the system by the bath, i.e., non-Markovian effects. We briefly review the post-Markovian master equation (PMME), which is relatively easy to solve, and analyze a simple example where solutions obtained exhibit non-Markovianity. We apply the distinguishability measure introduced by Breuer et al., and we also explicitly analyze the divisibility of the associated quantum dynamical maps. We give a mathematical condition on the memory kernel used in the PMME that guarantees non-$CP$-divisible dynamics.
Donor–acceptor pair recombination in gallium sulfide

Low temperature photoluminescence of GaS single crystals shows three broad emission bands below 2.4 eV. Temperature and excitation light intensity dependencies of these bands reveal that all of them originate from close donor–acceptor pair recombination processes. Temperature dependence of the peak energies of two of these bands in the visible range follow, as expected, the band gap energy shift of GaS. However, the temperature dependence of the peak energy of the third band in the near infrared shows complex behavior by blueshifting at low temperatures followed by a redshift at intermediate temperatures and a second blueshift close to room temperature, which could only be explained via a configuration coordinate model. A simple model calculation indicates that the recombination centers are most likely located at the nearest neighbor lattice or interstitial sites.
LEAF BLADE AND MIDRIB ANATOMY OF TWO SUGARCANE CULTIVARS OF BANGLADESH

Context: Kranz anatomy of locally developed sugarcane cultivars were studied in relation to C4 vascular arrangement. Objective: The objective of this study was to make gross cross-sectional anatomy and quantitative assessment of the anatomic traits of the leaf-blade and midrib of the sugarcane cultivars. Materials and Methods: Leaf blade and leaf sheath of two sugarcane cultivars Ishurdi 20 and Ishurdi 32 were used as the materials. Free hand section with appropriate stain were used. Sections were studied using an advanced biological system microscope fitted with motic camera. Anatomic traits were studied through motic image plus J 1.0 software using Macintosh computer. Results : Three sized vascular bundles and significant differences in distance between those vascular bundles were noted. Ishurdi 32 possessed two sized vascular bundles. Large vascular bundles characters by two large metaxylem vessels on either side of protoxylem. Phloem well developed. Intermediate and small bundles lack metaxylem vessels and protoxylem, but have metaphloem with thick and thin walled sieve tubes. Bundle sheaths have extended to upper and lower epidermis but for small bundle it is extended to abaxial epidermis. Vascular bundles are almost completely surrounded by chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and associated with hypodermal sclerenchyma on both abaxially and adaxially except small blade bundles which associated with the abaxial sclerenchyma. Bundle sheath cells were smaller in large and larger in other two types of vascular bundle. An inner mestome sheath with thickened walls is always present round the phloem and metaxylem around all or part of the xylem in large and intermediate bundles. In small bundles mestome sheath is altogether absent. Bulliform cells with varied area were present on the adaxial epidermis opposite to small vascular bundles. Midrib anatomy consists of central large vascular bundles lacking bundle sheath cells pushed deep inside parenchymatous hypodermis from abaxial hypodermal sclerenchyma girders. Lack of Kranz traits, and bundle sheath cells have transformed into sclerenchymatous bundle cover. Central mid-rib large bundle flanked by 3-10 small bundles on either side of midrib which have Kranz system of anatomy. Midrib region have continuous hypodermis consists of sclerenchyma cells and it is few layer (Ishurdi 32) to multilayer (Ishurdi 20). Conclusion : Kranz system with well developed bundle sheath associated with Kranz mesophil in the leaf blade were observed but Kranz tissue absent in midrib region. Large and small vascular bundles alternate all alone the leaf blade. Bulliform cell well develop indicates zeric adaptation. Two cultivars differ in respect of quantitative expression of Kranz tissue. Keywords : Sugarcane cultivar; Kranz tissue; bulliform cells; mestome sheath. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0. 8778 JBS 2010; 18(0): 66-73
Design for Solar Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics at the New Solar Telescope / Big Bear Solar Observatory

The Sun is an ideal target for the development and application of Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO). A solar MCAO system has being developed by the Big Bear Solar Observatory team and European partners for the 1.6m diameter New Solar Observatory, with the purpose of extending the corrected science field of view to 1Arcmin. A detailed optical system design and optical performance for such a system is presented and discussed here. The numerical simulations, which fed this optical system design are presented in more details in Langlois et al [1] in this conference.
Confidence Regions in Level Set Estimation

We consider inference of level and sublevel sets of a function by socalled “plug-in” estimators: the level and sublevel sets of a uniformly consistent estimator. We give conditions for strong consistency of these estimators and introduce a method to construct confidence sets. We describe some applications where the method can be used.
Post-rift evolution of the Gulf of Lion margin tested by stratigraphic modelling

The sedimentary architecture of basins and passive margins is determined by a complex interaction of parameters, including subsidence, eustasy, and sediment supply. A quantification of the post-rift (20 Ma-0 Ma) vertical movements of the Gulf of Lion (West Mediterranean) is proposed here based on the stratigraphic study of sedimentary paleomarkers using a large 3D grid of reflection seismic data, correlations with existing drillings, and refraction data. Post-rift subsidence was measured by the direct use of sedimentary geometries analysed in 3D and validated by numerical stratigraphic modelling. Three domains of subsidence were found: on the continental shelf and slope, subsidence corresponds to a seaward tilting with different amplitudes, whereas the deep basin subsides purely vertically. We show that these domains fit with the deeper crustal domains highlighted by previous geophysical data, and that post-break-up subsidence follows the initial hinge lines of the rifting phase. Subsidence rates are quantified on each domain for each stratigraphic interval. At a constant distance from the rotational hinge line, the Plio-Quaternary subsidence rate is constant on the shelf overall. Conversely, Miocene subsidence rates are very different on the eastern and western shelves. Stratigraphic simulations focused on the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC) were also performed. Their results are discussed together with our post-rift subsidence estimates in order to provide ideas and hypotheses for future detailed quantifications of Miocene subsidence, including isostatic readjustments linked to the MSC.
Health, Anticipated Partner Infidelity, and Jealousy in Men and Women

Health has been identified as an important variable involved in mate choice. Unhealthy organisms are generally less able to provide reproductively important resources to partners and offspring and are more likely to pass on communicable disease. Research on human mate preferences has shown that both men and women prefer healthy mates. Yet to date, little research has examined how health relates to one’s own mating experiences. In the present study, 164 participants (87 women) who were currently in heterosexual romantic relationships completed measures of frequency and severity of health problems, anticipated partner infidelity, and intensity of jealousy felt in their current relationship. Mediation analyses showed that health problems predicted greater anticipated partner infidelity and jealousy scores and that anticipated partner infidelity mediated the links between health and jealousy for both frequency and severity of health problems, controlling for both sex and relationship duration. These findings suggest that unhealthy people perceive themselves to be at a mating disadvantage, experiencing associated differences in perceptions and emotions surrounding their romantic partners’ fidelity.
Self-Construals Across Cultures

This article reviews the literature on cross-cultural assessment of self-construals and proposes to refine their conceptualization by incorporating principles derived from self-categorization theory and a critique of cross-cultural research. A Sixfold Self-Construal Scale is devised to measure six subcategories of self-construal: the personal self, relational horizontal and relational vertical selves, collective horizontal and collective vertical selves, and humanity-bound self-construal. The instrument's reliability and factor structure are tested in four student samples ( N = 855) from the United Kingdom, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. Convergent validity of the Sixfold Self-Construal Scale is tested with measures of Group Identification, Inclusion of the Other in the Self, the Schwartz value survey, and comparison of national mean scores. Results support the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the scale in all samples.
Silages from Tropical Forages : Nutritional Quality and Milk Production

There is a need for silage making technology under local conditions, especially in those areas experiencing drier months or where monsoonal conditions restrict the routine cutting of forages. The need for silage making is even more significant in dairy cattle feeding, where the demand for uniform and high quality feed is of great importance. The tedious daily harvesting of green forages throughout the year also posed problems with smallholders, particulary when family labour is not sufficient.
Validation of clinical significance of examined lymph node count for accurate prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer for the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system

Objective To validate the necessity of increasing the examined lymph node (ELN) count for enhancing the accuracy of prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer (GC) patients after curative gastrectomy in multiple medical centers of China. Methods The clinicopathological data of 7,620 patients who underwent the curative resection for GC between 2001 and 2011 were included to demonstrate whether the ELN count is indispensable for enhancing the accuracy of prognostic evaluation of GC patients after surgery. After a meticulous stratification by using the cut-point survival analysis, all included 7,620 patients were allocated into three groups as: less than 16 (<16), between 16 and 30 (16−30), and more than 30 (>30) ELNs. Survival differences among various subgroups of GC patients were analyzed to assess the impact of the ELN count on the stage migration in accordance with the overall survival (OS) of GC patients. Results Survival analyses revealed that the ELN count was positively correlated with the OS (P=0.001) and was an independent prognostic predictor (P<0.01) of 7,620 GC patients. Stratum analysis showed that the accuracy of prognostic evaluation could be enhanced when the ELN count was no less than 16 (≥16) for node-negative patients and >30 for node-positive patients. Stage migrations were mainly detected in the various subgroups of patients with specific pN stages as follows: pN0 with 16−30 ELNs (pN016−30) and pN0 with >30 ELNs (pN0 >30), pN0 with <16 ELNs (pN0 <16) and pN1>30, pN1<16 and pN216−30, pN116−30 and pN2>30, pN3a<16 and pN3b16−30, and pN3a<16 and pN3b>30. These findings indicate that increasing the ELN count is a prerequisite to guarantee precisely prognostic evaluation of GC patients. Conclusions The ELN count should be proposed to be >30 for acquiring the accurate prognostic evaluation for GC patients, especially for node-positive patients.
Generalized Impulse Response Analysis: General or Extreme?

This note discusses a pitfall of using the generalized impulse response function (GIRF) in vector autoregressive (VAR) models (Pesaran and Shin, 1998). The GIRF is general because it is invariant to the ordering of the variables in the VAR. The GIRF, in fact, is extreme because it yields a set of response functions that are based on extreme identifying assumptions that contradict each other, unless the covariance matrix is diagonal. With an empirical example, the present note demonstrates that the GIRF may yield quite misleading economic inferences.
Citizen and consumer: the dual role of individuals in environmental policy

Abstract This article investigates the dual role – exemplified by the ideal types of the consumer and the citizen – individuals face in the contemporary environmental policy context. As crowding-out theory highlights the implications of using the ‘wrong’ incentives, examining the match between policy and the value systems guiding individuals' decision-making process in practice is a relevant undertaking. Sweden provides the empirical context for the article, in which official environmental policy-discourse in Sweden is compared with the results of a mail-out survey to 4,000 individuals in four different counties. It is suggested that external motivations are perceived as highly relevant for the promotion of ecological sustainability, so the consumer element as a motivating feature of individuals' behaviour in the environmental field is indeed of considerable importance. However, at the same time people tend to ascribe far greater importance to the motivational values included in the self-transcendence cluster (altruism) as guiding principles in life than to the opposing values of self-enhancement (egoism), indicating that the citizen-role is also important to take into account in policy design. It is concluded that there is a mismatch between the content of Sweden's policy documents and the general value orientation held by the Swedish citizenry.
Dynamic Responses to Carbon Pricing in the Electricity Sector

This paper investigates the impact of a regulation that prices carbon on an industry with dynamic production decisions. While carbon pricing is designed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it also impacts the emissions of local air pollutants. I demonstrate that with dynamic production decisions it is theoretically possible for a carbon price in the electricity sector to increase pollution in some areas. However, the outcome depends on the empirical cost structure of the regulated firms. I develop a dynamic model of electricity production and generating unit efficiency investment decisions to analyze how firm decisions in California’s electricity sector are affected by the state’s carbon price. I use the model to simulate market outcomes across policy scenarios with and without carbon prices, as well as a location-specific Pigouvian tax on air pollutants. I show that under current carbon prices, the regulation leads to minimal production reallocation and small changes in the spatial distribution of local air pollutants compared to a no carbon price scenario. Higher carbon prices lead to production reallocation and co-benefits from changes in the spatial distribution of air pollutants; though, the co-benefits occur predominantly outside of state’s heavily polluted regions. On the other hand, the location-specific Pigouvian tax on local pollution concentrates these benefits in heavily polluted regions. In addition, I demonstrate that under plausible conditions, private and social returns are largest when efficiency investments occur in the cleanest, most frequently utilized units. Acknowledgements: This project is supported by Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship on Energy Economics, awarded through the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER).
Consumer Price Inflation across the Income Distribution in South Africa

Abstract: By monitoring the price changes experienced by some representative household, consumer price indices provide an important measure of changing purchasing power within a given economy. Group price indices offer one method of more accurately reflecting the inflation experiences of specific types of households, such as poor households, elderly households or households with children, for example. This study uses expenditure data from the 2000 Income and Expenditure Survey and price indices from Statistics South Africa to calculate inflation rates for expenditure deciles for the period 1998 to 2006. As a result, price indices and inflation rates calculated on the basis of these weights can not accurately reflect the rates of inflation experienced by what would be viewed as the ‘average’ household.
The Suitability of the GCC for Monetary Union

The member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have proposed the establishment of a monetary union in 2010. While this has the potential to generate significant benefits for the group and individual member states in the context of wider economic integration, it also removes some flexibility in the macro-economic management of national economies. It is important, therefore, that alternative adjustment mechanisms are in place and effective in the face of asymmetric shocks to the union. This paper looks at the theoretical and empirical literature and identifies the potential benefits and costs associated with a monetary union. It highlights the criteria used to asses to what extent any particular union would be beneficial and sustainable longer term. The GCC is reviewed with reference to this literature and some observations made as to the likelihood of a successful union and what steps could be undertaken to facilitate this.
Gulf of Mexico hurricane wave simulations using SWAN: Bulk formula-based drag coefficient sensitivity for Hurricane Ike

The effects of wind input parameterizations on wave estimations under hurricane conditions are examined using the unstructured grid, third-generation wave model, Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN). Experiments using Hurricane Ike wind forcing, which impacted the Gulf of Mexico in 2008, illustrate that the default and recommended setting for the wind input parameterization tends to overestimate the maximum significant wave heights in the deep Gulf of Mexico by about 2 m when comparing with observations. The overestimation can be remedied either by adjusting the maximum value of the surface drag coefficient or by substituting a high wind speed formula for the default low to moderate wind speed. Because of added dissipative effects in the shallow coastal areas, the overestimations found in deep water have limited effect on the waves in the near shore shallower waters. Thus, previous wave model results using a low to moderate wind speed bulk formula may still be reliable in waters shallower than about 20–30 m even while overestimating significant wave heights in deeper waters under hurricane conditions.
A FREQUENCY SELECTIVELY SCREENED OFFICE INCORPORATING A CONVOLUTED FSS WINDOW

The frequency selectivity of small single and double layer FSS windows built into an office enclosure and employing highly miniaturised interwoven array elements is assessed across the frequency range from 200MHz to 2GHz. The aim of providing an emergency services pass band at about 400MHz while providing isolation of at least 15dB above 600MHz is achieved.