Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ZIMBABWE JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

This study examined the relationship between leadership style and organizational commitment o f secondary school teachers. Participants were 420 (male = 200, female = 220) teachers randomly selected from five states in southwest Nigeria. Measures o f leadership and organizational commitment were administered on the teachers. The results revealed that transformational, transactional and laissez faire leadership styles jointly predicted organizational commitment. While transformational and transactional leadership styles separately predicted organizational commitment, laissez faire leadership did not. Based on these findings, it is recommended that counseling and organizational psychologists should train principals to use transformational and transactional leadership styles in order to enhance organizational commitment o f their teachers.
A case of solitary spleen metastasis of endometrial carcinoma

The spleen is not a common metastatic organ for malignant tumors, and the metastatic rate from cancers is even lower. 1 Solitary spleen metastasis of endometrial carcinoma is extremely rare, with only a few case reports in literature. Spleen metastasis of endometrial carcinoma is not yet fully understood. We analyzed the clinical data of one case of endometrial carcinoma with spleen metastasis treated in our hospital and reviewed relevant literature to investigate the features of its diagnosis and treatment.
Cochlear implanted deaf children with additional disabilities: The mothers perspective

The objective of this qualitative study was to evaluate the perspective of mothers, whose children, in addition to being deaf and having cochlear implants, also have additional disabilities. Five mothers participated in this study and semi-structured interviews, together with the children’s clinical files were used to gather data and inductive analysis was used to establish themes. The results indicated that mothers were positive about the assessment and diagnostic procedures, as well as the outcomes of having cochlear implants. They reported differing expectations relating to their child’s development; however, they also voiced concerns about their children’s education and highlighted the need for more intensive rehabilitative support. Key words: Cochlear implants, deafness, profound hearing loss, additional disabilities, mothers.
Validación de la Escala de Medida de los Motivos para la Actividad Física-Revisada en españoles: Diferencias por motivos de participación

El objetivo del estudio es la validacion al contexto espanol de la escala MPAM-R (Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised) de Ryan, Frederick, Lepes, Rubio, y Sheldon, (1997), y comprobar los efectos que producen el genero, la edad, la forma, tiempo y dias de practica sobre dichos motivos en una muestra compuesta por 561 sujetos adultos de una gran ciudad espanola, practicantes de actividades fisicas no competitivas. Se realizo un analisis factorial exploratorio obteniendo una adaptacion de la escala original con 28 items agrupados en cinco factores con coeficientes de fiabilidad aceptables, y con una varianza total explicada del 69.36%. Los motivos relacionados con la salud muestran los valores de medios mas altos, seguidos de los relacionados con el disfrute y la diversion. Las per-sonas de mayor edad dan mas importancia a los motivos relacionados con la salud, mientras que las mas jovenes priorizan los motivos relacionados con la apariencia. Con respecto al genero, las mujeres practican por moti-vos de salud, apariencia, sociales y disfrute, al igual que los varones. Se considera que la escala MPAM-R puede ser un instrumento valido y fiable para medir los motivos de practica de actividad fisica, precisandose de nuevos trabajos en este ambito no competitivo.
Sektion 7: Unkrautmanagement ohne Herbizide Section 7: Weed management without herbicides

Weed suppression of cover crops is a result of competition for light, space, water and nutrients and the release of allelochemicals in the soil. Two laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to analyse biochemical effects of extracts and mulches of Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. , Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis Pers. and a cover crop mixture on germination and plant growth of the crop plants maize (Zea mays L.) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. altissima Döll.) and the weeds Chenopodium album L. , Matricaria chamomilla L. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill. In the first experiment, aqueous cover crop extracts were applied on crop and weed seeds in germination assays. Germination rate, mean germination time and root length of crops and weeds were measured. In experiment 2, the influence of cover crop mulch on germination rate and dry weight of the test plants was determined after a period of 21 days. Significant reductions of the root length for all test plants were observed in experiment 1. Additionally, mean germination time was extended for crops and weeds by all cover crops. Germination rate and dry matter of crops and weeds were decreased significantly in experiment 2 compared to the untreated control. Root length, germination rate and mean germination time in germination tests in experiment 1 were found to be correlated with biomass of crops and weeds in experiment 2. This work reveals the important role of biochemical effects on weed suppression by cover crops.
Chemical Equilibrium Problems with Unbounded Constraint Sets

Abstract : An investigation of the use of mathematical models to explore the chemical aspects of physiological systems; this deals with the theoretical and computational aspects of understanding the chemistry of human physiological function. The question of existence of solutions to problems having unbounded constraint sets is investigated by relating their existence (or nonexistence) to a property of a solution to an auxiliary chemical equilibrium problem with a bounded constraint set. An example system is selected consisting of gases in contact with an aqueous buffer solution at a uniform total hydrostatic pressure and temperature. The numerical problem of determining the amount of CO2 to be added to achieve a specified partial pressure of CO2 in the gas phase, and its effects on the composition of the total system, is solved by using a procedure suggested by the concept of unbounded constraint sets. Findings may apply to design of artificial life-support systems needed in extraterrestrial environments related to Air Force missions.
Resolving Differences in Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Accept

This paper tests the conjecture that the divergence of willingness to pay and willingness to accept for identical goods is driven by the degree of substitution between goods. In contrast to well-known results for market goods with close substitutes (i.e., candy bars and coffee mugs), the authors' results indicate a convergence of willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-accept measures of value. However, for a nonmarket good with imperfect substitutes (i.e., reduced health risk), the divergence of willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-accept value measures is persistent, even with repeated market participation and full information on the nature of the good. Copyright 1994 by American Economic Association.
The Human Development Impact of Economic Crises

Economic crises may have macroeconomic causes and effects but they also have a significant impact on human development. This paper sets out an elementary framework for linking the two and reviews the propositions generated by this framework against literature on two recent economic crises: Mexico’s in 1994-5 and Indonesia’s in 1997-8. It finds that these economic crises had a strongly negative effect on household incomes, particularly among urban wage-workers in the nonexported sector. Wages tended to bear the brunt of adjustment with many workers also moving into the informal sector, thereby making themselves more vulnerable to future shocks. Social expenditures fell significantly, particularly on health services. However, while Mexico saw increased mortality rates among the vulnerable, health outcomes in Indonesia were not entirely negative. The picture in terms of education is mixed. Some authors find evidence of a short-term reduction in enrolments in Indonesia and of widening inequality of access to education as a result of the crisis. Others find that enrolments recovered quickly in the aggregate and that substitution effects may have predominated over income effects. Government social expenditures are significantly constrained, even though the services provided are more needed then by the poor than at other times.
Red and green Carcinus : how different?

Carcinus maenas is, arguably, the most extensively studied intertidal crab in the world and can be found in a variety of habitats, from rocky intertidal, subtidal, in many areas of the world. Because of its range of habitats, it can tolerant a wide range of salinities and other environmental stressors like hypoxia and desiccation. Some individuals go into a prolonged state of intermoult when they reach a certain size, and turn red in colour. This means that C. maenas exhibits colour polymorphism, there being a green colour morph and a red colour morph due to different levels of expression in CYP enzymes. These colour morphs have various behavioural, physiological and biochemical differences which result in them occupying different habitats; the green morphs exhibiting tidal migrations up and down the shore, whilst the red morphs stay in the subtidal. Thus although red morphs are better competitors and are more likely to win fights over mates or prey, green morphs are more tolerant to a wide range of salinities and other stressors and so can exploit a wider range of habitats. Recent studies have suggested that green morphs may also be pre-adapted to deal with anthropogenic stress. Most experiments have involved mainly male samples; however, suggesting future research into female C. maenas colour morphs could give a wider picture of the differences between colour morphs.
Rural residents acceptance towards a telehealth system: The integrative perspective of technology acceptance model and social cognitive theory

The purpose of the study is to integrate technology acceptance model (TAM) and social cognitive theory (SCT) to explore the usage intention model of telehealth systems. A survey of valid 480 users of telehealth was conducted to validate the proposed model. The findings show that computer anxiety has negatively significant effects on computer self-efficacy. Computer self-efficacy has positively significant effects on perceived ease of use. Both computer self-efficacy and perceived ease of use have jointly significant effects on perceived usefulness. In addition, both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have positively significant effects on usage intention. This study also confirms that both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are important mediators between computer self-efficacy and usage intention. According to the statistical results, the proposed model fits very well for the samples. The integrative viewpoint of this research can provide telehealth designers and managers of the hospital with the implication that hospitals should promote both technological aspect (perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness), and psychosocial aspect (self- efficacy and computer anxiety) simultaneously to increase rural residents’ intention of using telehealth. Key words: Technology acceptance model, social cognitive theory, telehealth system.
Achievement goals of medical students and physicians

In achievement settings, the types of motivation individuals develop are crucial to their success and to the ways in which they respond to challenges. Considering the competitive nature of medical education and the high stakes of medical practice, it is important to know what types of motivation (conceptualized here as achievement goals) medical students and physicians adopt and how these may differ depending on the nuances of their achievement settings. This is a cross-sectional survey study of medical students (N=200) and practicing physicians (N=202). The online questionnaire included measures of achievement goals (performance approach, performance avoidance, mastery approach, mastery avoidance) and background characteristics. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine differences in achievement goals of medical students and physicians. Education/career stage, medical specialty, and practice type were used as factors in the analyses. Despite the differences in achievement settings, striking similarities in the achievement goals among medical students and physicians were observed in this study. Both students and physicians were most likely to endorse mastery approach goals (the most adaptive type of motivation) and least likely to endorse performance avoidance goals (the least adaptive type of motivation). Significant differences were observed in mastery approach goals of students and physicians, depending on education/career stage. With respect to medical specialty, although distinct patterns in achievement goals emerged in the student and physician data, the observed differences were not statistically significant. Academic physicians had higher levels of performance goals than community-based physicians. Medical students and physicians thus self-reported themselves as highly mastery approach-oriented; nevertheless, our findings suggest that these goals are more prone to fluctuations than other achievement goals, depending on the stage of one’s education/career. The results largely show that medical students and physicians endorse achievement goals that are beneficial for lifelong learning, well-being, and success. Key words: Motivation, achievement goals, medical students, physicians.
Development of a Bench Scale Biodigester for the Production of Bio-fertilizer using Cow Dung and Watermelon Peels

In order to reduce environmental pollution arising from watermelon waste and cow dung, conversion of these wastes into bio-fertilizer is an effective mechanism of waste management. As a result a study was carried out for the development of a bench scale batch anaerobic bio-digester (23 L) for the production of bio-fertilizer. Five kilograms (5 kg) each of cow dung and pre-treated watermelon peels were mixed with water in a ratio of 1:1 w/v to obtained 18 L of slurry. The slurry was then charged into the developed bio-digester and allowed for 35 days at a temperature of 26-31˚C. Bio-fertilizer yield of 83% and biogas yield of 17% were obtained. Plants macronutrients (i.e. NPK) content were substantially increased in the digestates by 79%, 89% and 85% respectively. The presence of Clostridium (a nitrogen fixer bio-fertilizer), Bacillus and Pseudomonas (phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizers) in the digestate indicated its suitability as bio-fertilizer. Keywords: Bio-fertilizer; Biodigester, Anaerobic digestion; Retention time; Cow dung; Watermelon peels
Leaderless coordination via bidirectional and unidirectional time-dependent communication

We study a simple but compelling model of n interacting agents with time-dependent, bidirectional and unidirectional communication. The model finds wide application in a variety of fields including swarming, synchronization and distributed decision making. In the model, each agent updates his current state based upon the current information received from other agents according to a simple weighted average rule. Necessary and/or sufficient conditions for the convergence of the individual agents' states to a common value are presented, extending recent results reported in the literature. Further, it is observed that more communication does not necessarily lead to better convergence and may eventually even lead to a loss of convergence, even for the simple models discussed in the present paper.
Evaluation of Shear Wave Velocity Correlations and Development of New Correlation Using Cross-hole Data

Seismic microzonation studies are being proposed in Pakistan. In addition, a downhole array of accelerometers was planned to be installed in the University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan Campus. Therefore, extensive geotechnical and geophysical tests were conducted. Shear wave velocity (Vs) is a fundamental parameter required for these microzontation studies. It is feasible in terms of cost and space to determine Vs from Standard Penetration Test (SPT) or Cone Penetration Test (CPT) results through empirical correlations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability and predictability of these correlations to the data collected from the area where downhole array is planned. Data from these surveys was used to evaluate relevant correlations selected from literature. Predicted shear wave velocity values from these correlations were compared with measured shear wave velocity values from seismic crosshole tests. Most SPT-Vs correlations evaluated showed low predictability. The SPT-Vs correlation that showed highest degree of fitness to the dataset was the one developed for Lucknow, India, a city with similar geological setting, workmanship and SPT method employed. Site specific SPT-Vs correlation was also proposed. Most of the CPT-Vs correlations evaluated showed considerable predictive capability compared to the SPT-Vs correlations.
DEOXYNIVALENOL AND ZEARALENONE IN WINTER WHEAT GROWN IN ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS

A long term trial comparing ecological (ECO) and integrated (INT) farming systems was carried out in western Slovakia from 1990 to 2009. The location has a continental climate, with average temperatures of 19,7 °C in July and - 1,7 °C in January and an average annual precipitation of 561 mm, the soil type is a Haplic luvisol. The ECO and INT systems were composed of a six stage crop rotation. Subplots were fertilised and unfertilised treatments. 25 g samples of w. wheat was placed into a 250 mL glass Erlenmayer flask and then 100 mL of 84+16 acetonitrile water were added. After stired extract was filtered and clean up by immunoaffinity column MycoSepTM 226 for ZON and 227 for DON. Purified extract was evaporate to dryness using RVO 400 and redisloved in 0,5 mL mobile phase. The concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenone (ZON) was detected in the w. wheat grain samples by using of HPLC WATERS BREEZE equipped with binary pump WATERS 1525, RHEODYNE injector and UV detector WATERS 2487 was used with a stainless steel reverse phase 150x3,9 mm, 4 m spherical particle C18 Nova-Pak column. UV detector set to 218 nm for DON and 238 nm for ZON. Mobile phase were mix of of A: water, B: acetonitrile with using gradient. In ECO system, the concentration of DON was lower by 46 % (average 192,4 µg.kg-1 ) compared with INT system (average 361,6 µg.kg- 1). Fertilisation treatments enhanced the level of DON in both systems. Within INT system also pre- crop effect on DON was revealed, peas as pre-crop significantly enhance the concentration of DON. The effects of farming system and fertilisation were not significant for ZON, but level of ZON was influenced by weather conditions. Drier and warmer weather supported the production of ZON, more humid and warm weather enhanced the level of DON.
Patterns of Iron Age interaction in central Anatolia: three sites in Yozgat province

Abstract The cultural and political changes that happened in Anatolia after the collapse of the Hittite Empire have only recently been recognised as a significant, but as yet unexplained, phenomenon. Here we present the results of analyses of ceramics from three sites south and southwest of the present-day town of Sorgun – Çadır Höyük, Kerkenes Dağ and Tilkigediği Tepe – to identity how regional groups within the Hittite core area regrouped in the aftermath of the collapse. Ceramic analyses provide a means to assess both cultural continuity and the scale and nature of interaction in a region. Results suggest some evidence of cultural continuity at Çadır Höyük from the Late Bronze Age into the Middle Iron Age, and highlight the variable local responses in the aftermath of Hittite collapse. Özet Anadolu'da, Hitit İmparatorluğu'nun yıkılmasından sonra ortaya çıkan kültürel ve siyasal değişiklikler ancak son zamanlarda önemli sayılmaya başlanmış, fakat henüz tam olarak açıklanamamış bir olgudur. Bu makalede, imparatorluğun yıkılması sonucunda Hitit merkez alanı içindeki bir bölgenin yeniden birleşme çabalarının tespiti için, günümüz Sorgun ilçesinin güney ve güneybatısındaki üç yerleşimden; Çadır Höyük, Kerkenes Dağı ve Tilkigediği Tepe'den seramik örneklerinin analiz sonuçlarını sunmaktayız. Seramik analizleri, bize bir bölgedeki kültürel devamlılığı, onun derecesini ve aynı zamanda o bölgedeki etkileşimin kökenini belirleme olanağı sağlamaktadır. Sonuçlar, Çadır Höyük'de Geç Tunç Çağı'ndan Orta Demir Çağı'na kadar uzanan kültürel devamlılığa işaret etmekte ve Hitit İmparatorluğu'nun yıkılması sonucunda ortaya çıkan değişken yerel tepkileri vurgulamaktadır.
OPTICAL VIBRATIONAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF S-Co3O4 NANOSTRUCTURED THIN FILM

Sulphur doped Co 3 O 4 (S-Co 3 O 4 ) nanostructured thin film has been produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method. The film has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The surface appearance of the film was obtained using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Optical reflectance and transmittance spectra were recorded with a double beam spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere. The optical constants such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical conductivity, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of the film were calculated. The XRD pattern shows that the film has only clear diffraction peaks around 2θ = 29.26 o corresponding to the (111) plane of cubic Co 3 O 4 . The crystallite size was calculated to be approximately 24 nm. The Raman measurements revealed four peaks of Co 3 O 4 . Infrared spectrum of the film has been investigated in 500–3000 cm −1 region.
The relationship between lean meat yield and birth weight in New Zealand Romney sheep

Over recent years sheep numbers in New Zealand have steadily declined due to increased expansion of dairying. This has caused not only reduced ewe breeding flock numbers but also pushed lamb production to less productive areas. New Zealand lamb exports were worth $3 billion in 2016 (MIA, 2016) therefore a significant contributor to the red meat industry which is the second highest export earner behind dairy products. Another challenge to the industry is to meet expectations of the consumer who want leaner carcasses with less fat. Lean meat makes up 50-60% of total carcass weight, therefore selecting for increases in lean muscle is of benefit to increase carcass value and financial return. Birth weight has been observed to influence lean meat production through muscle mass and growth rates, but little is known about its effect on lamb final weight and carcass traits such as lean meat production. Could emphasising the importance of ewe nutrition be of financial gain to farmers if resulting lambs have production benefits over and above improved survival rates due to increased lamb birth weights. 2521 NZ Romney ram lambs from 2009-2016 were investigated for an association between birth weight and subsequent weaning weight and final weight with carcass traits (lean meat,