Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Spatial Pattern of Land Values in Jakarta

Rapid urban development and globalisation have brought dynamic changes to large cities in the developing countries. Yet understanding of the changes has been handicapped by the lack of data and systematic attempts. By using the latest release of land-value data in Jakarta, this paper provides insights into the spatial structure of land values in a typical Third World metropolis. Land values vary drastically from one kelurahan to another, with most of the expensive land parcels in central Jakarta. However, in central Jakarta one could also easily find cheap land parcels whose values were lower than the lowest land values of some parcels in non-central regions of the city, reflecting the mixture of slums and skyscrapers in central Jakarta. Land values were not distributed evenly in the non-central regions. Rather, they were more expensive in west and south Jakarta than in north and east Jakarta. Spatial variables, especially distance to the central business district, were important in shaping land-value patterns in Jakarta, but the explanatory power of distance declined over time. The findings of this paper will not only be useful for an understanding of spatial land-value patterns in Asian cities, but will also be beneficial for investors and policy-makers in their decision-making processes.
The Superior Educational Attainments of Pupils in Religious Foundation Schools in England

Pupils of religious foundation schools in England show superior educational performance over general (Local Education Authority) schools, the advantage having been estimated in previous studies at learning about a tenth faster for the average pupil by the age of leaving primary schooling (age 11+). In this study access to individual pupils' scores at SAT tests shows that the advantage of religious foundation schools is particularly great for lower-attaining pupils, with only the lowest tenth of those in religious schools attaining the scores of the lowest third in general schools.
Signaling Through Corporate Accountability Reporting

We document that corporate social responsibility (“CSR”) expenditures are not a form of corporate charity nor do they improve future financial performance. Rather, firms undertake CSR expenditures in the current period when they anticipate stronger future financial performance. We show that the causality of the positive association between CSR expenditures and future firm performance differs from what is claimed in the vast majority of the literature and that corporate accountability reporting is another channel through which outsiders may infer insiders’ private information about firms’ future financial prospects.
Epigenetically Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy (ePDT) is Superior to Conventional Photodynamic Therapy for Inducing Apoptosis in Cutaneous T‐Cell Lymphoma

Conventional photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinate (ALA-PDT) selectively induces apoptosis in diseased cells and is highly effective for treating actinic keratoses. However, similar results are achieved only in a subset of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Our previous work shows that the apoptotic resistance of CTCL correlates with low expression of death receptors like Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), and that methotrexate upregulates FAS by inhibiting the methylation of its promoter, acting as an epigenetic derepressor that restores the susceptibility of FAS-low CTCL to caspase-8-mediated apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that methotrexate increases the response of CTCL to ALA-PDT, a concept we refer to as epigenetically enhanced PDT (ePDT). Multiple CTCL cell lines were subjected to conventional PDT versus ePDT. Apoptotic biomarkers were analyzed in situ with multispectral imaging analysis of immunostained cells, a method that is quantitative and 5× more sensitive than standard immunohistology for antigen detection. Compared to conventional PDT or methotrexate alone, ePDT led to significantly greater cell death in all CTCL cell lines tested by inducing greater activation of caspase-8-mediated extrinsic apoptosis. Upregulation of FAS and/or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand pathway components was observed in different CTCL cell lines. These findings provide a rationale for clinical trials of ePDT for CTCL.
A SEMIPARAMETRIC BAYESIAN APPROACH TO MULTIVARIATE LONGITUDINAL DATA

We extend the standard multivariate mixed model by incorporating a smooth time effect and relaxing distributional assumptions. We propose a semiparametric Bayesian approach to multivariate longitudinal data using a mixture of Polya trees prior distribution. Usually, the distribution of random effects in a longitudinal data model is assumed to be Gaussian. However, the normality assumption may be suspect, particularly if the estimated longitudinal trajectory parameters exhibit multi‐modality and skewness. In this paper we propose a mixture of Polya trees prior density to address the limitations of the parametric random effects distribution. We illustrate the methodology by analysing data from a recent HIV‐AIDS study.
Establishing the evolutionary compatibility of potential sources of colonizers for overfished stocks: a population genomics approach

Identifying fish stock structure is fundamental to pinpoint stocks that might contribute colonizers to overfished stocks. However, a stock's potential to contribute to rebuilding hinges on demographic connectivity, a challenging parameter to measure. With genomics as a new tool, fisheries managers can detect signatures of natural selection and thus identify fishing areas likely to contribute evolutionarily compatible colonizers to an overfished area (i.e. colonizers that are not at a fitness disadvantage in the overfished area and able to reproduce at optimal rates). Identifying evolutionarily compatible stocks would help narrow the focus on establishing demographic connectivity where it matters. Here, we genotype 4723 SNPs in 616 orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) across five fishing areas off the Tasmanian coast in Australia. We ask whether these areas form a single genetic unit, and test for signatures of local adaptation. Results from amova, structure, discriminant analysis of principal components, bayesass and isolation by distance suggest that sampled locations are subjected to geneflow amounts that are above what is needed to establish ‘drift connectivity’. However, it remains unclear whether there is a single panmictic population or several highly connected populations. Most importantly, we did not find any evidence of local adaptation, suggesting that the examined orange roughy stocks are evolutionarily compatible. The data have helped test an assumption of the orange roughy management programme and to formulate hypotheses regarding stock demographic connectivity. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of genomics to inform fisheries management, even when evidence for stock structure is sparse.
Marketing strategies in the age of sustainable development: Evidence from the food industry

In this paper we investigate characteristics and drivers of sustainability marketing strategies. Based on an empirical study in the food industry, we identify four sustainability marketing strategy types with distinctive characteristics (performers, followers, indecisives and passives). Consumers are one of the main drivers of sustainability marketing strategies. Depending on the sensitization of consumers to socio-ecological problems, the perceptibility of socio-ecological qualities, the individually perceived net benefits and the availability of sustainable alternatives, we argue that the typology and drivers apply to non-food industries as well. Furthermore, we find that the incorporation of social and ecological aspects into marketing strategies also depends on the market segment in which the company competes: companies that are positioned in the premium or quality segment are more inclined to take an active stance on sustainability marketing than companies that compete in the price segment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Cetuximab and Radiotherapy Versus Cisplatin and Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: A Randomized Phase II Trial.

PURPOSE No randomized trials have been conducted to directly compare radiotherapy (RT) with concomitant cisplatin (CDDP) versus concomitant cetuximab (CTX) as first-line treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In this randomized trial, we compared these two treatment regimens in terms of compliance, toxicity, and efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either CDDP 40 mg/m(2) once per week or CTX 400 mg/m(2) as loading dose followed by CTX 250 mg/m(2) once per week concomitant to radical RT. For primary end points, compliance to treatment was defined as number of days of treatment discontinuation and drug dosage reduction. The acute toxicity rate was defined according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria. Efficacy end points were local recurrence-free survival, metastasis-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival. RESULTS The study was discontinued early because of slow accrual after the enrollment of 70 patients. RT discontinuation for more than 10 days occurred in 13% of patients given CTX and 0% given CDDP (P = .05). Drug dosage reduction occurred in 34% given CTX and 53% given CDDP (difference not significant). Toxicity profiles differed between the two arms, with hematologic, renal, and GI toxicities more frequent in the CDDP arm, and cutaneous toxicity and the need for nutritional support more frequent in the CTX arm. Serious adverse events related to treatment, including four versus one toxic deaths, were higher in the CTX arm (19% v 3%, P = .044). Locoregional control, patterns of failure, and survivals were similar between the treatment arms. CONCLUSION CTX concomitant to RT lowered compliance and increased acute toxicity rates. Efficacy outcomes were similar in both arms. These results raise the issue of appropriately selecting patients with head and neck cancer who can benefit from CTX in combination with RT.
The education and training of entrepreneurs in Asia

Entrepreneurship creates wealth and reduces unemployment. Entrepreneurs contribute to industrialisation as well as to economic growth; they improve living standards and tax revenues from their enterprises contribute to a nation’s treasury. Not surprisingly, then, governments have been spending considerable sums trying to create entrepreneurs. The question remains, however, Can entrepreneurship really be taught? To provide a response of any value, one must address the definition of entrepreneurship. As evident from the literature, there is no universally‐accepted definition of entrepreneurs or of entrepreneurship. If entrepreneurship is equated with the causing of economic disequilibrium – as per the Schumpeterian literature – then one can argue that entrepreneurs tend to be born, rather than made. In contrast, if relying on the definition provided by the Austrian School of Economics, it is possible to train entrepreneurs to identify opportunities and act thereon. Thus, while it can be argued that it is difficult to teach Schumpeterian entrepreneurship, efforts to teach Kirznerian entrepreneurship appear to have achieved some levels of success. However, to be truly successful, training programmes must be relevant to the host environment. It would be a fallacy to assume that a programme that has been functional in one environment will necessarily have the same effect elsewhere. A great danger lies in attempting to trans‐locate training programmes. This article provides a survey of education and training of entrepreneurs in different contexts across Asia.
Capital Structure and Assets: Effects of an Implicit Collateral

This paper analyses a firm's capital structure choice when assets have outside value. Valuable assets implicitly provide a collateral and increase tax shield exploitation. The key feature in this paper is asset value uncertainty, implying that it is unknown ex ante whether the equity holders ex post optimally sell the assets or re-optimise the capital structure. Ex ante, more uncertain asset value decreases leverage, but not firm value, and selling the assets becomes less likely. Firms should tend to invest in assets whose value is less correlated to changes in earnings and, in addition, asset sales are less likely when this correlation is low.
Activation Policies in the Nordic Countries: Social Democratic Universalism under Pressure

Introduction1 In his minor classic The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism from 1990, Esping-Andersen underlined that the Nordic welfare states had given services and benefits to their citizens as a right and secured that the citizens could ‘maintain a livelihood without reliance on the market. ’ (Esping-Andersen 1990:22) He argued that state-funded and -organised welfare systems dominated the Nordic welfare states and that universalism was the main political goal and principle in Nordic social policy. He also pointed out that to achieve these goals, full employment and low unemployment were two important pre-conditions for Nordic social policy (See also Eriksson 1987, Esping-Andersen & Korpi 1987; Kautto et al 1999). At the beginning of the 1990s, the Nordic welfare states faced an intensive economic recession with falling production and falling revenues. In only a couple of years, the unemployment rates increased sharply as well as the number of social assistance recipients. Some of the countries experienced unemployment rates that had not existed since the Second World War. This meant that the goal of full employment, which had been the hallmark of the Nordic welfare state since the Second World War, seemed distant (Stephens 1997; Jochem 2000; Kuhnle 2000). Instead patterns of selectivity started to emerge (Sunesson et al 1998). The governments in the four welfare states fought the recession with a number of labour market policy reforms and social policy reforms. They argued for stricter work incentives in the unemployment insurance and the systems of social assistance. The main theme was that the benefits were too costly and – to some extent – that it had been too easy to gain access to the welfare systems.
The Influence of Family Ownership on the Quality of Accounting Information

This article explores the quality of accounting information in listed family firms. The authors exploit the features of the Italian equity market characterized by high ownership concentration across all types of firms to disentangle the effects of family ownership from other major block holders on the quality of accounting information. The findings document that family firms convey financial information of higher quality compared to their nonfamily peers. Furthermore, the authors provide evidence that the determinants of accounting quality differ across family and nonfamily firms.
Compensation processes in CdTe-based compounds

The compensation process in semi-insulating CdTe-based compounds is known to be related to the interaction among shallow and deep levels induced by impurities, grown-in lattice defects and by their complexes. We have carried out Photo-Induced Current Transient Spectroscopy (PICTS) and Photo-Deep Levels Transients Spectroscopy (P-DLTS) analyzes together with DLTS analyzes to investigate the role that acceptors and donors play in the compensation mechanism. To this purpose we have compared semi-insulating materials with different stoichiometry and different resistivity, i.e., with different free carrier concentration. We have examined also semiconducting material in order to compare extrinsically compensated and self-compensated CdTe-compounds. Our attention has been focused on the deep levels close to midgap in order to deepen our understanding of their behavior as a function of the position of the Fermi level since they are critical for the compensation process. We have achieved experimental evidence that in Cd/sub (1-x)/Zn/sub x/Te the level H at E/sub V/+0.75 eV has a donor-like character. The possible extension of the donor-like character of this defect to CdTe:Cl should be positively considered albeit it can not be assessed by the present investigation.
Incentives to Innovate in Oligopolies

In the spirit of Arrow (The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1962), we examine, in an oligopoly model with horizontally differentiated products, how much a firm is willing to pay for a process innovation that it would be the only one to use. We show that different measures of competition (number of firms, degree of product differentiation, Cournot vs. Bertrand) affect incentives to innovate in non-monotonic, different and potentially opposite ways.
Elevate and Uterine Preservation: Two-Year Results

Objective To evaluate efficacy of the Elevate Anterior and Apical (EAA) in the repair of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) when performed after previous hysterectomy and with or without uterine preservation during POP surgery. Materials and Methods One hundred forty-two women with anterior vaginal prolapse and/or apical descent ≥ stage II were enrolled. The primary outcome was treatment failure defined as > stage II POP-Q during follow-up using the Last observed Failure Carried Forward method. Three sub-groups were analysed: baseline previous hysterectomy (N = 61); concomitant hysterectomy (N = 29), and preserved uterus/no hysterectomy (N = 51). Demographics, primary and secondary outcomes, and extrusion were compared between the groups. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Anatomic success shows significant and durable improvement at 24 months. The success for the apical compartment ranged between 93.8% and 100%. Success was slightly lower for the anterior compartment (70.8–89.1%). No statistically significant difference between the 3 subgroups. Age was the only patient characteristic to be found different between the 3 subgroups. In addition, there was no difference in overall intraoperative complications (P = 0.263). Mesh extrusion was found in all groups: 3 of 61 (4.9%) had previous hysterectomy; 4 of 29 (13.8%) had concomitant hysterectomy; and 1 of 51 (2.0%) had uterus preserved (P = 0.094). There appears to be a trend toward higher extrusion when a hysterectomy was performed with the EAA. Conclusions Anatomic success and complications for the EAA do not appear to be significantly impacted when the uterus is removed before or during surgery or preserved. There may be a trend toward increased mesh extrusion when a hysterectomy is performed. However, larger cohort studies are needed to determine if concomitant hysterectomy impact extrusion.
[In search for explanatory factors in the relationship between educational level and mortality.].

OBJECTIVE The connection between socioeconomic status and mortality is well known in Western countries. Educational level has frequently been used as a socioeconomic indicator. In a recent Icelandic prospective study, an inverse relationship between educational level and mortality was shown. The objective of the present study is to consider possible explanatory factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was a part of the Reykjavík Study. A stratified sample of 400 people was taken from one of six study groups. The sample was equally divided between the sexes and four educational levels. Mean age of the sample was 72.7 years. Participants completed a questionnaire concerning knowledge of risk factors for coronary heart disease, expected response to symptoms of cardiac infarction, social network and use of health care. Response rate was 78.5%. The relationship between answers and educational level was assessed with logistic regression. RESULTS People with higher education were more likely to be in personal contact with nurses and doctors and receive advice concerning health and treatment from them. Participants were generally satisfied with the Icelandic health care system and seemed generally to have good access to it. A relationship with educational level was not shown. A larger proportion of those with lower education had regular communication with their general practician. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that certain health care services are integrated into the social network of those with higher education. This may lower their morbidity and mortality. Other hypotheses concerning possible explanatory factors for differences in health were not supported.
Trends in Australian political opinion: results from the Australian Election Study, 1987-2004

This report is based mainly on based on the Australian Election Study surveys, comprehensive post-election surveys of political opinion that have asked the same questions and used the same methodology. It shows that voters are less attracted by the symbols and methods of traditional politics, but that they remain interested in the contest and the election outcome. Health and education are by far the dominant issues that concern voters; with a prosperous economy, unemployment is now rarely an issue for voters. Labor leads as the preferred party on health and education (though their lead over Labor has declined on health); the Liberals are preferred on issues of economic management, such as interest rates and taxation. With a booming economy and much lower levels of industrial conflict, the trade unions are viewed as much less of a concern by voters than at any time in the last 40 years. Indeed, since the late 1990s more voters have been concerned about the power of big business than about the unions.
An RNA stem-loop structure directs hepatitis B virus genomic RNA encapsidation

Selective encapsidation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomic RNA within cytoplasmic core particles requires recognition of the cis-encapsidation signal, (termed epsilon) located at the 5' end of genomic RNA. By transfecting plasmids expressing chimeric RNAs bearing HBV sequences fused to lacZ, we have mapped the minimal region of epsilon to the 5' 94 nucleotides (nt) of genomic RNA. Enzymatic probing of the RNA secondary structure in this region (by using either in vitro transcripts or RNA extracted from HBV core particles) reveals a stem-loop structure containing a lower stem, a 6-nt bulge, an upper stem with a single unpaired U residue, and a 6-nt loop. The functional role of this structure in encapsidation was explored by examining the effects of mutations in epsilon on encapsidation of RNA in vivo. These studies reveal that (i) in the lower stem, base pairing but not specific primary sequence is required for function; (ii) there is no requirement for base pairing in the lower portion of the upper stem, but base pairing elsewhere in this stem contributes to packaging efficiency; (iii) the presence of the 6-nt bulge, but not its primary sequence, is important for function; and (iv) specific nucleotide sequences in the loop and in regions of the upper stem are critical for RNA encapsidation.
Testing hypothetical bias with a real choice experiment using respondents' own money

The investigation of hypothetical bias in choice experiments (CEs) has typically been conducted in the laboratory with only minimal field experiments. Moreover, it is common practice to provide an initial endowment (money or coupons) to respondents. In this research, we employed a between-subject CE in a supermarket with three different treatments (i.e. hypothetical, hypothetical with cheap talk script and real). With the ‘real’ treatment, we required respondents to use their own money when making a payment. The proposed incentive-compatible mechanism mimics as close as possible the everyday purchasing situation. Results confirm the presence of hypothetical bias and the mixed effectiveness of a cheap talk script. , Oxford University Press.