Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Outcome of Term Breech Births: A 15-Year Review at the Yaoundé General Hospital, Cameroon

The aim of this study was to describe the neonatal outcomes among term singleton infants with breech presentation delivered in Yaounde, Cameroon, over a 15- year period. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data collected from March 1992 to March 2007 at the Yaounde General Hospital, Cameroon. Of 249 term singleton infants in breech presentation, 73 (29.31%) were born by elective cesarean section and 176 (70.67%) were allowed for trial of vaginal delivery with 136 (54.61%) delivered vaginally and 40 (16.06%) delivered by intra-labor cesarean section. Compared to infants born by elective cesarean section, those delivered vaginally or by intra-labor cesarean section were more likely to have low 5-minute Apgar scores (4.1% vs. 17.77%; P< .001), require admission to neonatal unit (08.21.% vs. 13.63%; P< .001), and have an increased risk for perinatal mortality (0% vs. 05.68%; P< .001). Trial of vaginal delivery of term infants in breech presentation was associated with significantly increased risk of perinatal death and neonatal morbidity.
A necessary and sufficient condition for input-to-state stability of quantised feedback systems

ABSTRACT For zooming-out/in method used in the design of quantised feedback systems, the property of the duration of zoom-out mode (this duration is defined as capture time) is essential to input-to-state stability (ISS) of systems. This paper shows that a necessary and sufficient condition of achieving ISS with respect to external disturbances for quantised feedback systems is that capture time under the proposed coding scheme is uniformly bounded. It further shows that the coding scheme under which capture time is only bounded and not uniformly bounded cannot guarantee ISS of systems. A coding scheme is designed for uniformly bounded capture time and therefore achieves ISS of systems.
Pragmatic reduction of the Binding Conditions revisited

In an earlier article (Levinson, 1987b), I raised the possibility that a Gricean theory of implicature might provide a systematic partial reduction of the Binding Conditions; the briefest of outlines is given in Section 2.1 below but the argumentation will be found in the earlier article. In this article I want, first, to show how that account might be further justified and extended, but then to introduce a radical alternative. This alternative uses the same pragmatic framework, but gives an account better adjusted to some languages. Finally, I shall attempt to show that both accounts can be combined by taking a diachronic perspective. The attraction of the combined account is that, suddenly, many facts about long-range reflexives and their associated logophoricity fall into place.
Social comparisons of wage increases and job satisfaction

ABSTRACT We combine status quo and social comparison considerations and investigate whether relative wage increases in the sense of differences between individual wage increases and wage increases of comparable employees are related to managers’ job satisfaction. Using a panel data set of managers in the German chemical industry, we indeed find first evidence. The relation between relative wage increases and job satisfaction is relevant for managers with lower absolute wage levels in particular.
Women's sexual dysfunction: revised and expanded definitions

ACCEPTANCE OF AN EVIDENCE-BASED CONCEPTUALIZATION OF WOMEN'S SEXUAL RESPONSE combining interpersonal, contextual, personal psychological and biological factors has led to recently published recommendations for revision of definitions of women's sexual disorders found in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM–IV-TR). DSM-IV definitions have focused on absence of sexual fantasies and sexual desire prior to sexual activity and arousal, even though the frequency of this type of desire is known to vary greatly among women without sexual complaints. DSM-IV definitions also focus on genital swelling and lubrication, entities known to correlate poorly with subjective sexual arousal and pleasure. The revised definitions consider the many reasons women agree to or instigate sexual activity, and reflect the importance of subjective sexual arousal. The underlying conceptualization of a circular sex-response cycle of overlapping phases in a variable order may facilitate not only the assessment but also the management of dysfunction, the principles of which are briefly recounted.
Utilizing Domain Knowledge in End-to-End Audio Processing

End-to-end neural network based approaches to audio modelling are generally outperformed by models trained on high-level data representations. In this paper we present preliminary work that shows the feasibility of training the first layers of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model to learn the commonly-used log-scaled mel-spectrogram transformation. Secondly, we demonstrate that upon initializing the first layers of an end-to-end CNN classifier with the learned transformation, convergence and performance on the ESC-50 environmental sound classification dataset are similar to a CNN-based model trained on the highly pre-processed log-scaled mel-spectrogram features.
A Fast Mode Decision Method in HEVC Using Adaptive Ordering of Modes

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) has brought significant improvement to video compression in terms of coding performance and subjective quality. However, it is computationally more complex than H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) and, hence, adaptation of HEVC to real-time video services has not been promising. In order to reduce the computational cost, we propose a fast mode decision method that is based on the adaptive ordering of modes. Our experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the total encoding time by 47.27%-60.73% and 47.65%-61.31%, with negligible degradation of coding performance, which is a Bjøntegaard delta rate increment of 0.35%-1.04% and 0.64%-1.80% under random-access configuration and low-delay configuration, respectively, compared with HEVC test model 12.1 with fast mode off.
Incidence of Extrapyramidal Symptoms and Tardive Dyskinesia in Schizophrenia: Thirty-Six-Month Results From the European Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes Study

The incidence of treatment-emergent extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) and tardive dyskinesia (TD) in schizophrenic patients, and the clinical characteristics associated with an increased risk of developing EPSs and TD were examined. Patients (N = 7728) in the 3-year, prospective, observational Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes study were examined according to baseline antipsychotic drug exposure. At baseline, 4893 patients (63.3%) had no EPS, and 6921 (89.6%) had no TD. Extrapyramidal symptoms and TD were assessed separately during follow-up: frequency and time to appearance from Kaplan-Meier survival curves and factors associated with time to appearance using Cox proportional hazard regression models. The cumulative incidence of EPS ranged from 7.7% (olanzapine) to 32.8% (depot typical drugs). Compared with olanzapine, patients taking depot typical drugs, oral typical drugs, risperidone, and amisulpride had a significantly higher risk of developing EPS. Differences from clozapine were marginally significant. High baseline clinical severity was associated with a significantly higher risk of developing EPS. The incidence of TD ranged from 2.8% (olanzapine) to 11.1% (depot typical agent). Compared with olanzapine, patients taking depot typical agents, oral typical agents, and risperidone had a significantly higher risk of developing TD. Baseline factors associated with a significantly higher risk of developing TD were age, EPS, a higher negative Clinical Global Impression score, and presence of gynecomastia. In summary, patients treated with typical antipsychotic agents (oral and depot) and risperidone had a higher risk of developing EPS and TD than patients treated with olanzapine. Higher baseline clinical severity was associated with EPS development, whereas age, presence of EPS, a higher negative Clinical Global Impression score, and presence of gynecomastia were associated with TD development.
Pharmacogenetic allele nomenclature: International workgroup recommendations for test result reporting

This article provides nomenclature recommendations developed by an international workgroup to increase transparency and standardization of pharmacogenetic (PGx) result reporting. Presently, sequence variants identified by PGx tests are described using different nomenclature systems. In addition, PGx analysis may detect different sets of variants for each gene, which can affect interpretation of results. This practice has caused confusion and may thereby impede the adoption of clinical PGx testing. Standardization is critical to move PGx forward.
Electrical and Electromechanical Properties of Stretchable Multilayer-Graphene/PDMS Composite Foils

Multilayer graphene (MLG)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite foils are developed for possible application in wearable electronics as stretchable conductors or in strain sensing. The MLG/PDMS foils are prepared through infiltration of PDMS into porous freestanding MLG papers. The freestanding MLG papers are first produced through vacuum filtration of MLG-flake suspensions and are characterized by sheet resistance in the range from ~0.7 to ~1.1 Ω/□ and average thickness in the range from ~75 to ~110 μm. The electromechanical characteristic of the produced MLG/PDMS foils is assessed experimentally by measuring the dc electrical resistance of the produced specimen during tensile strength tests. It results that the breaking load of the new composite foils, occurring after an elongation of ~11 mm, which corresponds to a deformation of ~80%, is nearly doubled with respect to the one of neat PDMS. Moreover, for an elongation up to 2 mm the total dc resistance of the foil exhibits an increase lower than the 20% of its original value.
The Great Recession and Mothers' Health

We use longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study to investigate the impacts of the Great Recession on the health of mothers. We focus on a wide range of physical and mental health outcomes, as well as health behaviors. We find that increases in the unemployment rate decrease self-reported health status and increase smoking and drug use. We also find evidence of heterogeneous impacts. Disadvantaged mothers-African-American, Hispanic, less educated, and unmarried-experience greater deterioration in their health than advantaged mothers-those who are white, married, and college educated.
Motor sequence learning increases sleep spindles and fast frequencies in post-training sleep.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate polysomnographic (PSG) sleep and NREM sleep characteristics, including sleep spindles and spectral activity involved in offline consolidation of a motor sequence learning task. DESIGN Counterbalanced within-subject design. SETTING Three weekly visits to the sleep laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Fourteen healthy participants aged between 20 and 30 years (8 women). INTERVENTIONS Motor sequence learning (MSL) task or motor control (CTRL) task before sleep. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Subjects were trained on either the MSL or CTRL task in the evening and retested 12 hours later the following morning on the same task after a night of PSG sleep recording. Total number and duration of sleep spindles and spectral power between 0.5 and 24 Hz were quantified during NREM sleep. After performing the MSL task, subjects exhibited a large increase in number and duration of sleep spindles compared to after the CTRL task. Higher sigma (sigma; 13 Hz) and beta (beta; 18-20 Hz) spectral power during the post-training night's sleep were also observed after the MSL task. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that sleep spindles are involved in the offline consolidation of a new sequence of finger movements known to be sleep dependent. Moreover, they expand on prior findings by showing that changes in NREM sleep following motor learning are specific to consolidation (and learning), and not to nonspecific motor activity. Finally, these data demonstrate, for the first time, higher fast rhythms (beta frequencies) during sleep after motor learning.
Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing E. coli and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in the Northern Dutch–German Cross-Border Region

Objectives: To reveal the prevalence and epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and/or plasmid AmpC (pAmpC)- and carbapenemase (CP) producing Enterobacteriaceae and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) across the Northern Dutch–German border region. Methods: A point-prevalence study on ESBL/pAmpC/CP producing Enterobacteriaceae and VRE was carried out in hospitalized patients in the Northern Netherlands (n = 445, 2012–2013) and Germany (n = 242, 2012). Healthy individuals from the Dutch community (n = 400, 2010–2012) were also screened. In addition, a genome-wide gene-by-gene approach was applied to study the epidemiology of ESBL-Escherichia coli and VRE. Results: A total of 34 isolates from 27 patients (6.1%) admitted to Dutch hospitals were ESBL/pAmpC positive and 29 ESBL-E. coli, three pAmpC-E. coli, one ESBL-Enterobacter cloacae, and one pAmpC-Proteus mirabilis were found. In the German hospital, 18 isolates (16 E. coli and 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae) from 17 patients (7.7%) were ESBL positive. In isolates from the hospitalized patients CTX-M-15 was the most frequently detected ESBL-gene. In the Dutch community, 11 individuals (2.75%) were ESBL/pAmpC positive: 10 ESBL-E. coli (CTX-M-1 being the most prevalent gene) and one pAmpC E. coli. Six Dutch (1.3%) and four German (3.9%) hospitalized patients were colonized with VRE. Genetic relatedness by core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) was found between two ESBL-E. coli isolates from Dutch and German cross-border hospitals and between VRE isolates from different hospitals within the same region. Conclusion: The prevalence of ESBL/pAmpC-Enterobacteriaceae was similar in hospitalized patients across the Dutch–German border region, whereas VRE prevalence was slightly higher on the German side. The overall prevalence of the studied pathogens was lower in the community than in hospitals in the Northern Netherlands. Cross-border transmission of ESBL-E. coli and VRE seems unlikely based on cgMLST analysis, however continuous monitoring is necessary to control their spread and stay informed about their epidemiology.
Aripiprazole in Schizophrenia With Cocaine Dependence: A Pilot Study

Abstract: The debilitation of schizophrenia (SCHZ) worsens markedly with comorbid cocaine dependence (CD) and alcohol abuse. To date, no medications have conclusively demonstrated effects against both SCHZ and CD (SCHZ + CD) simultaneously. Because of its dopamine-modulating properties, we hypothesized that aripiprazole would alleviate cocaine craving in patients with SCHZ + CD. We conducted a prospective, 8-week, open-label trial in poorly compliant SCHZ + CD subjects. Each received aripiprazole as their sole neuroleptic agent at a maximum dose of 15 mg/d. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Brief Substance Craving Scale (BSCS) measured psychosis and subjective cocaine and alcohol cravings. Urine tests for cocaine provided data on actual use. Of 10 male subjects entered, 6 (60%) completed the 8-week trial. In those cases, positive urine tests dropped significantly (P < 0.001) after 2 weeks, when aripiprazole had reached steady state. Mean cocaine craving scores declined significantly (P = 0.026) as did mean alcohol craving scores (P = 0.006). Declining psychosis scores were associated with declining cocaine craving (r = 0.87, P < 0.01) and alcohol craving (r = 0.88, P < 0.01), respectively. This experience suggests possible aripiprazole effects in lowering both desire for and the use of cocaine in comorbid SCHZ subjects. These data suggest double-blind, randomized, comparison study in this severely ill, comorbid patient group.
Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and its coinfection with Borrelia afzelii in Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks inhabiting Tver Province (Russia) - a sympatric region for both tick species.

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) and Lyme borreliosis (LB) are tick-borne infectious diseases caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, respectively. In this study, p44/msp2 paralogues specific to A. phagocytophilum and 5S-23S rRNA gene-intergenic spacers specific to B. burgdorferi sensu lato species were detected by PCR in ticks collected in two regions, Tver (Kalinin) and Konakovo, of the Tver (Kalinin) Province located 150 km north-west of Moscow. The PCR amplicons obtained were further characterized by sequencing and RFLP analysis. In the total of 199 ticks collected, 8.8 % (7/80) and 33.8 % (27/80) of Ixodes ricinus, and 2.5 % (3/119) and 45.4 % (54/119) of Ixodes persulcatus, were found to be infected with A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi sensu lato spp. , respectively. Of those 199 ticks, 5 (2.5 %) were coinfected with A. phagocytophilum and Borrelia afzelii. Phylogenetic analysis revealed unique p44/msp2 paralogous genes in A. phagocytophilum-infected Russian ticks. The sequence similarities with those of A. phagocytophilum in the United States, UK and Japan ranged from 42 % to 80.4 %, and there were no sequences showing more than 90 % similarity with those sequences from the other countries. The results showed that the p44/msp2 sequence similarity groups may provide an index of adaptation of A. phagocytophilum strains to specific vector ticks or reservoir hosts in different countries and areas. These findings suggest that there is a public health threat from HGA and LB in Tver Province surrounding Moscow.
Levels of Gli3 repressor correlate with Bmp4 expression and apoptosis during limb development

Removal of the posterior wing bud leads to massive apoptosis of the remaining anterior wing bud mesoderm. We show here that this finding correlates with an increase in the level of the repressor form of the Gli3 protein, due to the absence of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein signaling. Therefore, we used the anterior wing bud mesoderm as a model system to analyze the relationship between the repressor form of Gli3 and apoptosis in the developing limb. With increased Gli3R levels, we demonstrate a concomitant increase in Bmp4 expression and signaling in the anterior mesoderm deprived of Shh signaling. Several experimental approaches show that the apoptosis can be prevented by exogenous Noggin, indicating that Bmp signaling mediates it. The analysis of Bmp4 expression in several mouse and chick mutations with defects in either expression or processing of Gli3 indicates a correlation between the level of the repressor form of Gli3 and Bmp4 expression in the distal mesoderm. Our analysis adds new insights into the way Shh differentially controls the processing of Gli3 and how, subsequently, BMP4 expression may mediate cell survival or cell death in the developing limb bud in a position‐dependent manner. Developmental Dynamics 231:148–160, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SME Myths: If We Put Up a Website Customers Will Come to Us - Why Usability Is Important

Many businesses use their Websites primarily as an alternative marketing strategy. How a business’s image, via a Website, is presented to potential customers is therefore important. There are many factors that will influence the effectiveness of a Website, two critical factors are how easily users are able to navigate and how easy the site is to use. The research reported here examined these two factors on users’ responses to small and medium-sized business Websites. The research found that the quality of navigation and how easy a site is to use does have an impact, how much information is read, the importance of the graphical components, a user's emotional response to a Website, users’ frustration and the user’s intention to return to that Website. The research established the statistically significant elements that contribute to navigation and ease-of-use, and describes the design and successful application of a usability evaluation instrument.
Level of Academic Stress and Its Effect on Sympathetic Parameters in First Year Medical Students

Background and objectives: Stress is the reaction of body with a change that requires a physical, mental or emotional tolerance or experience by way of an adjustment or response . Many studies on stress in medical education focus on the documentation of stress and information on the correlation of stress. [1] (2011). Most of the autonomic functions tests are based on evaluation of cardiovascular reflexes trigged by performing specific provocative maneuvers. Stimuli which increase Blood pressure such as Isometric Hand Grip Test (IHGT) activates mainly sympathetic outflow. While the Blood pressure response to orthostatic tests like blood pressure on standing or lying to standing (LST) reflects the sympathetic activity. [2] ( 2010). The purpose of this study was to examine the stress level by medical education on first year students in medical college using autonomic function tests like LST and IHGT. Methods: The study group consisted of 52 first year medical students (26 males and 26 females) of BLDEA’s Shri B.M. Patil Medical College Bijapur, Karnataka. The data of parameters of autonomic functions tests (LST and IHGT) was taken 2 month prior to academic examination (viva voce) as prestress (PS) reading and during examination as During stress (DS) reading. Data were analyzed using Wilxcon Rank signed 2 tailed test. And for subgroup separate male and female data analysis Paired t test was used. Result: Participants of age group 17-20 years had mean wt kgs, ht cms and BMI kgs/mt2 were recorded . the basal physiological parameters like Systolic, Diastolic blood pressure, Pulse Rate, Respiratory Rates were recorded 2 months prior to examination. Statistics analysis revealed that there was a significant increase in parametric readings of Autonomic function Tests of LST and IHGT during the stress i.e. viva voce examination. Among the students females had significant stress even before the examination. Mean LST in PS was 8.42 increased to 14.5 in DS. Mean IHGT was 18.04 which decreased to 12.69 in DS both the test were statistically significant with p value < 0.0001. By LST 78.85% had borderline stress and none severe stress / distress. While with IHGT 51.92 % had borderline stress and 26.92% had severe stress during stress. Sex wise distribution by LST 34.62% males had borderline stress and 61.54% had severe stress during academic stress and 11.54% females had borderline stress and 7.69% severe stress or distress in prestress . While 38.46% females had borderline stress and 34.62% severe stress or distress during academic stress.