Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partner management for sexually transmissible infections: better options and guidelines please.

A cornerstone in the control of sexually transmissible infection (STIs) includes the testing and treatment of sexual partners of patients diagnosed with treatable STIs – widely referred to as partner notification or contact tracing. At its most basic level, partner notification simply involves a clinician discussing with a patient the need for partners to be tested and treated appropriately. Testing of sexual partners of individuals diagnosed with STIs generally yields a higher rate of STIs compared with individuals unselectively screened for STIs, warranting efforts supporting partner notification. Furthermore, treatment of partners reduces the likelihood of index patients being re-infected and most likely further transmission and complications from untreated infection. 1,2 Partners who are made aware of their situation are also given the opportunity to seek information and counselling and to adopt preventative measures. In practice though, partner notification is often carried out poorly, if at all. While health care providers may feel they bear responsibilityfordiscussingpartnernotification,mostareunsure about how best to assist their patients. Commonly reported difficulties include: poor knowledge and lack of guidance on best practice; discomfort discussing matters of a sexual nature; and uncertainty over patients’ ability or willingness to contact their partners. 3–7 Moreover, while individuals diagnosed with STIs feel letting their partners know is the right thing to do, 8 understandably many find it difficult with only a fraction of recent partners informed of their risk. 8,9 Research suggests that more guidance, resources and support for both practitioners and their patients would improve the outcomes from partner notification. 3,7,9
Remittances, Bank Concentration and Credit Availability in Nigeria

Abstract The concentration of the Nigerian financial sector has long been recognised to be an important factor affecting the financial stability and welfare at an individual level in the economy. While various studies have been conducted to examine the sensitivity of this phenomenon to macro economy, little has been done to examine the effect of concentration on credit availability in Nigeria. In addition, no study has investigated the role of remittances on the relationship between bank concentration and availability of credit. Taking motivation from the Nigerian banking consolidation exercise, this article examined the effect of remittances and bank concentration on availability of credit in Nigeria. The author employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test approach for co-integration on Nigerian data for the period of 1986–2015. The results revealed that bank concentration constrains the development of financial sector in Nigeria and remittances improve the level of financial development (credit availability) in the long run but inhibit the availability of credit in the short run. The negative relationship occurs in the short run because of the regulatory framework governing international money transfers in Nigeria, which simply inhibits competition. In the long run, recipients who have received remittances from informal settings would need financial products and services in which those remittances would be banked and further improve the financial sector. It was concluded that since Nigerian financial sector remained underdeveloped, the sector could be driven by encouraging inflow of remittances into the country. Our findings also persist after batteries of robustness check.
The clinical usefulness of breast milk sodium in the assessment of lactogenesis.

OBJECTIVE A study was undertaken to assess the value of breast milk sodium concentration (BM [Na+]) during early lactogenesis in predicting nursing outcome. METHODS Samples of breast milk from 130 nursing mothers were obtained between the 3rd and 8th postpartum day for analysis of BM [Na+]. Approximately half the mothers were referred for nursing problems, although no problems were anticipated in the other primiparous mothers. A BM [Na+] of < or = 16 mmol/L was considered normal. For women with normal BM [Na+], follow-up was scheduled at 1 month, whereas those with high [Na+] were evaluated more frequently with repeated [Na+] determinations. RESULTS Of the 65 women with normal BM [Na+] (excluding five mothers who had experienced breast surgery), 95.4% were exclusively and successfully breast-feeding at 1 month without intervention. Of 60 women with high BM [Na+], all of whom received intervention, 55% were ultimately successful. In general, those who failed tended to have higher initial [Na+] determinations; additionally, the longer the [Na+] remained elevated, the lower the success rate. Infant weight gain was greater if the initial BM [Na+] was normal. Infants of mothers with normal BM [Na+] gained an average of 994 g above birth weight by 1 month in contrast to the average weight gain of 818 g in infants of mothers with initially elevated [Na+]. CONCLUSION This study suggests that a normal drop in [Na+] is highly predictive of successful lactation, although a prolonged elevation of [Na+] signifies impaired lactogenesis with a high risk of failure. The clinical usefulness and limitations of this determination are discussed.
Risk of rupture associated with intact cerebral aneurysms in the Japanese population: a systematic review of the literature from Japan.

OBJECT Knowing the rate of rupture associated with unruptured cerebral aneurysms (UCAs) can help surgeons determine a case management strategy in patients harboring these lesions. According to large-scale cohort studies involving populations in North America and Europe, small unruptured aneurysms carry a very low risk of rupture. In Japan, however, there have been sporadic reports of higher rates of rupture. To identify the rupture risk associated with UCAs in the Japanese population, the authors systematically reviewed retrospective studies of the natural course of these lesions. METHODS The authors searched Medline and the Japan Medical Abstract Society Index for reports of UCAs in Japan. Two of the authors verified the eligibility of the reports and extracted data independently. Additional information was directly obtained from the authors of the original reports. Thirteen reports covering a total of 3801 patient-years fulfilled the criteria for our study. Subsequent rupture was documented in 104 patients and the annual rupture rate was 2.7% (95% confidence interval 2.2-3.3%). Large, posterior-circulation, and symptomatic aneurysms were associated with significantly higher rates of rupture (relative risks 6.4, 2.3, and 2.1, respectively). The risk of rupture determined by the authors' review was significantly higher than that reported by investigators from international cohort studies. CONCLUSIONS Although a selection bias of patients may be the cause of the higher rupture risk, untreated UCAs that have been followed in Japanese institutions have a considerably high rate of rupture. The natural course of UCAs should be carefully estimated in countries not included in the international studies.
Similar and distinct neural mechanisms underlying semantic priming in the languages of the French–Spanish bilingual children

Recent evidence demonstrates that lexical-semantic connections emerge over the second year of life for monolingual children. Yet, little is known about the developing lexical-semantic organization of children acquiring two languages simultaneously. Two- to 4 year-old French–Spanish bilingual children completed a within-language auditory semantic priming task in both of their languages, while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The results revealed that bilingual children exhibited sensitivity to taxonomic relationships between words in each of their languages, but the pattern of brain activity varied across the dominant (DL) and the non-dominant (NDL) languages. While the N2 occurred for both languages, the N400 appeared for target words in the DL only and the late anterior negativity for target words in the NDL only. These findings indicate that words are organized taxonomically in the bilinguals’ lexicons. However, the patterns of brain activity suggest that common and distinct neural resources underlie lexical-semantic processing in each language.
Right ventricular functions in patients with type 2 diabetes below 50 years.

Apical four chamber view RV long axis dimensions Fractional shortening 31.6 + 7.7 26.8 + 7.5 < 0.05 FS (%) Systolic excursion of 23.7 + 3.3 20.9 + 2.9 < 0. 01 Tricuspid annulus (mm) Tricuspid Doppler flow velocities E wave/A wave velocity 1.20 + 0.32 1.12 + 0.40 > 0.05 Pressure half-time 52.3 + 10.2 46.2 + 11.2 < 0.05 (m.sec.) Doppler Pulmonary Flow velocity Peak velocity (cm/sec.) 94.3 + 16.8 82.1 + 12.6 < 0.05 Mean velocity (cm/sec) 59.7 + 11.8 50.2 + 7.3 < 0.01 Acceleration time (sec) 0.11 + 0.04 0.10 + 0.02 > 0.05 Right Ventricular Functions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Below 50 Years
Investigating psychosocial attitudes, motivations and experiences of oocyte donors, recipients and egg sharers: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION The donation of oocytes has been made feasible as a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF). This treatment offers an answer for infertile women with ovarian conditions, such as primary ovarian insufficiency. Demand for oocyte donors has been on the rise globally, with infertile couples, as well as gay men, increasingly using it as a means to found their families. With an acute shortage of oocyte donors globally, the psychosocial aspects behind oocyte donation are important for fertility clinics to understand. This paper aims primarily to provide an up-to-date systematic review of the psychosocial aspects of oocyte donation from the point of view of oocyte donors and recipients and egg sharers. Its secondary aims are to explore the motives and experiences of donors as well as attitudes towards donor anonymity and disclosure. An emphasis has been placed on the analysis of donors in the UK. No review has analysed together the aforementioned donor groups along with recipient group. METHODS A systematic search of English peer-reviewed journals of four computerized databases was undertaken, with no time restriction set for publications. RESULTS There were 62 studies which met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Attitudes towards donation were positive from both a donor oocyte and recipient point of view, with medical procedures being well tolerated and excellent post-donation satisfaction among all donor groups. There were distinct differences between the different donor groups and recipients in motivation for oocyte donation and decisions for disclosure. Attitudes towards anonymity issues were reassuring with a significant proportion of donors of all types willing to donate as identifiable donors. However, there were methodological limitations identified in the studies reviewed. CONCLUSION This review successfully explored the important psychosocial aspects of oocyte donation. In general terms the attitudes and feeling of patients involved from all sides of the donation process were extremely positive. A number of key and consistent issues emerged which demonstrated differences and similarities between the different donor groups, as well as a greater understanding of the recipient. With regard to psychosocial well-being, the results were reassuring throughout all donor groups, especially the egg share donors. Although it seems the 2005 legislative changes in the UK have not caused the anticipated dramatic decrease in gamete donation, oocyte donation still falls far short of demand. The UK has an increasing population of patients from different ethnic backgrounds and same sex relationships seeking oocyte donation, with very few studies including these groups of patients. An increased number of well-designed studies looking into the psychological issues surrounding gamete donation of different patient groups, could allow more directed assessment and counselling of oocyte donors and recipients, with a resulting increase in donor recruitment.
Bioavailability of syrup and tablet formulations of cefetamet pivoxil

Two studies examining the bioavailability of cefetamet pivoxil in healthy male subjects were conducted. In the first, the bioavailabilities of the 250-mg (M250) and M500 tablet formulations of cefetamet pivoxil to be marketed were compared with that of a tablet used in clinical trials. All products were given with food at a dose of 500 mg. In the second study, the bioavailability of the syrup formulation was evaluated under both fasting and nonfasting conditions and compared with that of the M500 tablet formulation given with food. The absolute bioavailabilities of the M500 and M250 tablets (55.0% +/- 8.0% and 55.7% +/- 7.0%, respectively) were not significantly different from that of the clinical-trial formulation (49.8% +/- 8.5%). The newer tablet formulations exhibited faster absorption as evidenced by higher peak concentrations (3.8 [M500] and 3.9 [M250] mg/liter compared with 3.2 mg/liter for the clinical-trial formulation), a shorter time to peak concentration, and a shorter mean absorption time. The syrup formulation was found to have significantly lower absolute bioavailability (37.9% +/- 6.0%) compared with that of the M500 tablet (58.4% +/- 9.0%) when both were given with food. Food had no significant effect on the bioavailability of the syrup, which averaged 34.0% +/- 8.6% under fasting conditions, although absorption was delayed by food (mean absorption time increased from 2.2 to 3.9 h). This contrasts with the results of previous studies documenting significant increases in tablet bioavailability with food. Despite the lower bioavailability of the syrup, unbound-cefetamet concentrations are expected to remain above the MICs for 90% of the strains tested for susceptible organisms for approximately 10 h of the usual 12-h dosing interval with both syrup and tablet formulations of cefetamet pivoxil given with food.
Periodontal assessment of postmenopausal women receiving risedronate

Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare periodontal status of postmenopausal women with mild to moderate osteoporosis who use risedronate therapy with those who do not. Design:In this cross-sectional study, a total of 60 age-matched postmenopausal women with mild to moderate osteoporosis diagnosed by a bone density scan T score below −2.5 at either spine or hip were divided into two groups. Women in the experimental group had used systemic risedronate once weekly (35 mg) for at least 3 months. Women in the control group had never used bisphosphonate therapy. The periodontal status of each subject was evaluated through a clinical periodontal examination including evaluation of periodontal probing depth, gingival recession, gingival index, plaque score, attachment loss, and alveolar bone level. The significance in differences between the two groups was assessed using two-tailed paired t tests. Results:Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between risedronate and control groups for periodontal probing depth (2.6 vs 2.9 mm), gingival index (0.37 vs 0.71), plaque score (56.2 vs 77.0), attachment loss (2.8 vs 3.2 mm), and alveolar bone level (3.1 and 4.0), respectively. Gingival recession parameters did not differ significantly. Five of six periodontal parameters evaluated show that postmenopausal women with mild to moderate osteoporosis using risedronate therapy have healthier periodontal status than those who do not use bisphosphonates. Conclusions:Women using risedronate therapy show significantly less plaque accumulation, less gingival inflammation, lower probing depths, less periodontal attachment loss, and greater alveolar bone levels. These observations suggest that risedronate therapy may play a beneficial role in periodontal status.
Survival and complication rates in 300 horses undergoing surgical treatment of colic. Part 4: Early (acute) relaparotomy.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Early (acute) relaparotomy after surgery for equine colic is widely considered to be an acceptable treatment option for management of certain post operative complications. However, there is relatively little published information about resulting complication rates and short- and long-term outcomes. OBJECTIVES To document the proportions, indications, complication rates and survival rates of horses undergoing acute relaparatomy following colic surgery. METHODS History, clinical findings, surgical findings and procedures, post operative treatments and outcome of 300 consecutive surgical colic cases (1994-2001) were reviewed. Long-term follow-up information was retrieved from case records and telephone enquiries from owners. RESULTS Acute relaparotomy was performed in 27/254 horses (10.6%) that recovered from initial general anaesthesia. The indications for relaparotomy included persistent pain, persistent ileus, peritonitis and wound breakdown. Of these 27 horses, 21 (77.8%) recovered from the second surgery, of which 8 (29.6%) died during the immediate post operative period. Thirteen of the 27 horses (48.2%) were discharged. Of these 13 horses, 5 (38.5%) were re-admitted to the hospital for surgical treatment of a subsequent bout of colic. The long-term survival rate for the 27 horses that underwent relaparotomy was 22.2%. Colic following discharge after relaparotomy was recorded in 69.2% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Relaparotomy is necessary in approximately 10% of horses undergoing surgery for acute colic. Persistent pain and post operative ileus were the most common indications. The short-term survival rate for horses requiring relaparotomy was approximately 50% and the long-term survival rate 22%. Nearly 40% of horses surviving relaparotomy developed episodes of acute colic that necessitated further surgery. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Owners of horses requiring early (acute) relaparotomy should be advised of the high complication rates for this procedure.
Bedside diagnosis of mitochondrial dysfunction in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is frequently associated with delayed neurological deterioration (DND). Several studies have shown that DND is not always related to vasospasm and ischemia. Experimental and clinical studies have recently documented that it is possible to diagnose and separate cerebral ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction bedside. The study explores whether cerebral biochemical variables in SAH patients most frequently exhibit a pattern indicating ischemia or mitochondrial dysfunction.
Genetic variation in pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta, interleukin-1alpha and interleukin-6) associated with the aggressive forms, survival, and relapse prediction of breast carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are determining factors in the immune and inflammatory responses to tumors cells. Experimental data suggest that interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 play important roles in the development and progression of breast cancer. We designed a broad study to investigate the susceptibility and prognostic implications of the genetic variation in IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in breast carcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used the polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion to characterize the genetic variation of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in 305, unrelated Tunisian patients with breast carcinoma and 200 healthy control subjects. Associations between the genetic markers and the clinicopathological parameters, the specific overall survival rate (OVS) of breast carcinoma and the disease free-survival rate (DFS) were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Both IL-6 (-597) GA and IL-6 (-174) GC heterozygous genotypes were found to be significantly associated with breast carcinoma (OR = 1.59, p = 0.024 and OR = 1.61, p = 0.022 respectively). A highly significant association was found between the (+3954) T allele of IL1-B gene and the aggressive phenotype of breast carcinoma as defined by the high histological grade, axillary lymph node metastasis and large tumor size. The IL-1alpha (-889) TT homozygous genotype showed a significant association with reduced disease-free survival and/or overall survival rate. The IL-1beta (+3954) TT, IL-6 (-597) GG and IL-6 (-174) GG homozygous genotypes were found to be associated with reduced DFS but not with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The polymorphisms in the promoter region of the IL-6 gene may represent a marker for the increased risk of breast carcinoma. Genetic variations in IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 may predict the clinical outcome of breast carcinoma.
Effects of economic and social satisfaction on partner trust

In the B2B research literature both perceived value from a relationship with a partner and satisfaction from the relationship over time have been viewed as playing important roles in improving loyalty intentions (Johnson et al. 2006), behavioral intentions (Mittal et al. 1999, 2001), and trust (Friman et al. 2002; Selnes 1998; Ulaga and Eggert 2006). Since extant research predominantly provides a cross-sectional understanding of customer satisfaction (e.g., Geyskens and Steenkamp 2000; Johnson et al. 2006), the present study aims to bolster this literature by investigating customer satisfaction from a longitudinal perspective.
Immunomodulatory effect of IM‐133

The immunomodulatory effect of IM‐133, a polyherbal formulation, has been investigated. Treatment with IM‐133 enhanced the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response in mice. IM‐133 enhanced the in vitro response of splenocytes to mitogenic challenge. The in vivo treatment also stimulated the ex vivo lymphocyte proliferation, while the humoral response to sheep RBCs (SRBCs) was unaffected. The preferential stimulation of the components of cell mediated immunity (CMI) indicate that treatment with IM‐133 affords non‐specific immune stimulation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Potential of Halal Tourism in Ethiopia: Opportunities, Challenges and Prospects

Recently, Halal tourism has been emerging as lucrative tourism niche both in Muslim and non-Muslim Countries’ destinations. For a long time, tourism industry had been exclusive against Muslims for it was fenced by the so called “Haram” activities. However, nowadays, this problem is being solved through Halal tourism so that more Muslims are engaging in tourism without sacrificing their religion. Countries such as Malaysia, Turkey, Indonesia and Singapore have already entered into Halal tourism. Though Halal tourism is open for both Muslim and non-Muslim customers, stakeholders including scholars in the field have developed a misconception that Halal tourism is only for Muslims. However, in practice, it is compliant with Sharia but open for all. No doubting, Ethiopia can be among the top beneficiaries of Halal tourism developments. Its history as a land of the first Hijra and her geopolitical position for Islamic world enable her to capture the halal tourists’ demand of the Islamic world. In this paper, literatures and previous researches in the area have been analyzed. Both opportunities and challenges that Ethiopia will be facing in implementing halal tourism have also been inventoried and analyzed. Accordingly, the applicability of Halal tourism in Ethiopian context has been well appraised.