Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Combined TEM/STEM and Micromagnetic Study of the Anisotropic Nature of Grain Boundaries and Coercivity in Nd-Fe-B Magnets

The nanoanalytical high resolution TEM/STEM investigation of the intergranular grain boundary phase of anisotropic sintered and rapidly quenched heavy rare earth-free Nd-Fe-B magnet materials revealed a difference in composition for grain boundaries parallel (large Fe-content) and perpendicular (low Fe content) to the alignment direction. This behaviour vanishes in magnets with a high degree of misorientation. The numerical finite element micromagnetic simulations are based on the anisotropic compositional behaviour of GBs and show a decrease of the coercive field with an increasing thickness of the grain boundary layer. The magnetization reversal and expansion of reversed magnetic domains primarily start as Bloch domain wall at grain boundaries parallel to the -axis and secondly as Neel domain wall perpendicular to the -axis into the adjacent hard magnetic grains. The increasing misalignment of grains leads to the loss of the anisotropic compositional behaviour and therefore to an averaged value of the grain boundary composition. In this case the simulations show an increase of the coercive field compared to the anisotropic magnet. The calculated coercive field values of the investigated magnet samples are in the order of for a mean grain boundary thickness of 4 nm, which agrees perfectly with the experimental data.
The Relationship of Consumers‘ Perceived Hedonic Value and Behavior

The hedonism and its impact on consumers’ behavior had become an important object of various scientific researches during the past 50 years in marketing literature. It should be noted that current level of the theoretical and empirical researches on phenomenon of hedonism in the theory of consumer behavior notes that hedonism as the expression of value have not been sufficiently analyzed. Theoretical and empirical studies have demonstrated the lack of complex models integrating the relations of factors affecting hedonic value and consumers’ behavior, behavioral outcomes. The scientific problem of this article is formulated with the help of the following questions: what factors determines consumers’ perceived hedonic value and how, according to it, consumers’ behavior varies? The objective of the article: to prepare conceptual model of the relationship of consumers’ perceived hedonic value and behavior that reveals main factors of the hedonic value and their affected direct and mediatory relations between hedonic value and consumer behavior. The performed analysis of scientific literature revealed the importance of cognition of the hedonic value and value factors. In this article three potential value factors were identified – social, emotional and epistemic. It was realized that each of value factors could influence consumer behavior and behavioral intentions. Therefore, having analyzed scientific literature, the authors of the article prepared a conceptual model of relationship of consumers’ perceived hedonic value and behavior. In the conceptual model, direct and indirect relations among value factors (social, emotional and epistemic), hedonic value, consumers’ perceived satisfaction and future behavioral intentions are analyzed. Considering theoretical findings, there are recommendations for future researches and empirical testing of conceptual model proposed. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ee. 23.5. 1975
Motivating Factors that Influence Class F Contractors to Become Entrepreneurs

The purpose of this study is to find out what are the motivating factors that influence class F contractors to become entrepreneurs. Those motivating factors include family background, education background, and psychological factors such as sense of freedom, satisfaction, innovation, success, recognition and important roles. The conceptual framework for this study was adapted from the Entrepreneurship Education and Development Process Model. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect the data. Statistical analysis such as frequency, percentage, t-test, Pearson correlation, and one-way ANOVA were used. The findings suggested that business family background, education level and other psychological factors not necessarily serve as the motivating factors for the class F contractors to choose to become entrepreneurs. The conclusion that can be made from these findings is this type of business is unique in terms of the usual motivating factors that influence individuals to become entrepreneurs. In the case of class F contractors, exposure to the corresponding experiences and specific trainings in the relevant business area are more important motivating factors that encourage them to become entrepreneurs. ABSTRAK
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH GLYCAEMIC CONTROL AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

ABSTRACT Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become one of the most serious global health problems recently. The Malaysian National Diabetes Registry has reported that 76.2% of the population have poor glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥6.5%). Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the association between sociodemographic and medical profiles with glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in five health clinics in the Tampin district. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in five health clinics in the Tampin district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Three hundred and twenty four type 2 diabetes mellitus patients participated in this study. A face-to face interview was conducted with each respondent using validated questionnaire. Descriptive analyses, such as the chi square test, were performed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 22 software. Results: The response rate was 90%. The percentage of poor glycaemic control was 66.4%. They were associated with age (χ²=10.405, p 0.006 ), marital status (χ ²=5.718, p 0.017 ), and education status (χ²=7.312, p 0.026 ). In addition, types of medication intake (χ²=18.058, p=<0.001), family history (χ²=7.234, p 0.007), and co-morbidities (χ²=5.718, p 0.017) are also associated with the percentage. Conclusion: The majority of the respondents of this study had poor glycaemic control. The factors that contribute to the poor glycaemic control are among respondents who are: of older age (≥65 years); single/widowed/separated/divorced; of non-formal education; on insulin alone / combination of oral agent and insulin; no family history; and do not experience co-morbidities. For the future wellbeing of all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, a good glycaemic control is important. Therefore, plans with appropriate significance on early preventive measures to diabetic treatment need to be strengthened in order to boost quality of life among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Key Keywords: Glycaemic control, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Health Clinics, Tampin District, Malaysia
EFFECT OF SOURCE AND METHOD OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF CANOLA (Brassica Napus L).

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2001-2003 to investigate the effect of different N source (urea, calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate) and method of application (broadcast, drilling below seed and side placement) on seed yield and quality of canola (Brassica napus L). Effect of sources of N on yield and yield components was non-significant where as that of method was significant Drilling below seed and side placement increased seed yield up to 21.10 and 15.97 % and protein up to 16.45 and 15.93 % and oil yield up t016.37 and 11.37% over broadcast method, respectively.
Notched concrete beams under bending -- calculations of size effects within stochastic elasto-plasticity with non-local softening

Numerical FE investigations of a deterministic and statistical size effect in notched concrete beams of a similar geometry under three-point bending were performed. The FE analyses were carried out with four different beam sizes. Deterministic calculations were performed assuming constant values of tensile strength. In turn, in statistical calculations, the tensile strength took the form of random spatial fields described by a truncated Gaussian random distribution. In order to reduce the number of stochastic realizations without loosing the accuracy of the calculations, Latin hypercube sampling was applied. The numerical results were compared with the corresponding laboratory tests. The numerical outcomes show that the bearing capacity of beams and their ductility increase with decreasing specimen size. If the distribution of the tensile strength is stochastically distributed, the mean beam strength is always smaller than the deterministic value.
What Are The Determinants Of Dividend Policy? The Case Of The Japanese Electrical Appliances Industry

This paper explores the determinants of the dividend policy of firms in the Japanese electrical appliances industry. First, our empirical investigations reveal that in this industry, corporate managers do not cater to investors’ demands in both their dividend initiation and continuation decisions. Instead, in the Japanese electrical appliances industry, the determinants of firms’ dividend policies are value-weighted dividend yields, valueweighted nonpayers’ size, and value-weighted after-tax earnings-to-total-asset ratios. Moreover, cross-sectionally, this paper finds relations between corporate earnings and firm dividend payments in general. However, on an aggregate time-series basis, dividend payments tend to decrease company earnings in the Japanese electrical appliances industry, and this means rejection of the traditional signaling hypothesis.
Seasonal and latitudinal variation of noctilucent cloud altitudes

We present a summary of ∼1500 hours of lidar measurements of noctilucent cloud (NLC) altitudes at Kühlungsborn (54°N), ALOMAR (69°N), and Spitsbergen (78°N). Mean centroid altitudes (zc) are 82.75 km, 83.33 km, and 83.68 km, respectively. Standard deviations σ representing geophysical variability are ∼0.7–1.6 km. Errors of mean heights Δzc are much smaller (60–340 m). Several processes which are not yet fully understood influence zc. Therefore, σ is a better measure of uncertainties in zc compared to Δzc. The increase of NLC heights with latitude is very small (43 ± 65 m/deg) and statistically not significant. At ALOMAR zc varies with season by up to ∼1–1.5 km. NLC heights accumulate around climatological temperatures of 145 K at 69°N and 78°N (higher at 54°N). The LIMA model nicely reproduces observations and indicates that non‐variation of NLC heights at polar latitudes is caused by temperature uniformity: the 145 K isotherm varies in height by less than 250 m from the pole to 60°N.
Does Female Reservation Affect Long-Term Political Outcomes? Evidence from Rural India

Abstract While studies have explored the impacts of political quotas for females at household level, differential effects on males and females and their evolution through time have received little attention. Using nationwide data from India spanning a 15-year period, we find that, while leader quality declines, gender quotas increase the level and quality of women’s political participation, their ability to hold leaders to account, and their willingness to contribute to public goods. Key effects persist beyond the reserved period and impacts on females often materialise only with a lag.
Impact of mineral dust on cloud formation in a Saharan outflow region

Abstract. We present a numerical modelling study investigating the impact of mineral dust on cloud formation over the Eastern Mediterranean for two case studies: (i) 25 September 2008 and (ii) 28/29 January 2003. In both cases dust plumes crossed the Mediterranean and interacted with clouds forming along frontal systems. For our investigation we used the fully online coupled model WRF-chem. The results show that increased aerosol concentrations due to the presence of mineral dust can enhance the formation of ice crystals. This leads to slight shifts of the spatial and temporal precipitation patterns compared to scenarios where dust was not considered to act as ice nuclei. However, the total amount of precipitation did not change significantly. The only exception occurred when dust entered into an area of orographic ascent, causing glaciation of the clouds, leading to a local enhancement of rainfall. The impact of dust particles acting as giant cloud condensation nuclei on precipitation formation was found to be small. Based on our simulations the contribution of dust to the CCN population is potentially significant only for warm phase clouds. Nevertheless, the dust-induced differences in the microphysical structure of the clouds can contribute to a significant radiative forcing, which is important from a climate perspective.
Whiting 1: the youngest globular cluster associated with the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy ,,

Context. Recently, Carraro (2005) drew attention to the remarkable star cluster Whiting 1 by showing that it lies about 40 kpc from the Sun and is therefore unquestionably a member of the Galactic halo (b = −60.6 deg). Its Color Magnitude Diagram (CMD) indicated that Whiting 1 is very young (∼5 Gyr) for a globular cluster. It is very likely that Whiting 1 originated in a dwarf galaxy that has since been disrupted by the Milky Way. Aims. The main goals of this investigation were to constrain better the age, metallicity, and distance of Whiting 1 and to assess whether it belongs to a stellar stream from the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr dSph). Methods. Deep CCD photometry in the BVI pass-bands obtained with the VLT is used to improve the quality of the CMD and to determine the cluster’s luminosity function and surface density profile. High-resolution spectrograms obtained with Magellan are used to measure the cluster’s radial velocity and to place limits on its possible metallicity. The measurements of distance and radial velocity are used to test the cluster’s membership in the stellar streams from the Sgr dSph. Results. From our CMD of Whiting 1, we derive new estimates for the cluster’s age (6.5 +1.0 −0.5 Gyr), metallicity (Z = 0.004 ± 0.001, [Fe/H] = –0.65), and distance (29.4 +1.8 −2.0 kpc). From echelle spectrograms of three stars, we obtain –130.6 ± 1. 8k m s −1 for the cluster’s radial velocity and show from measurements of two infra-red CaII lines that the [Fe/H] of the cluster probably lies in the range –1.1 to –0.4. Both the luminosity function and the surface density profile suggest that the cluster has undergone tidal stripping by the Milky Way. We demonstrate that the position of Whiting 1 on the sky, its distance from the Sun, and its radial velocity are identical to within the errors of both the theoretical predictions of the trailing stream of stars from the Sgr dSph galaxy and the previous observations of the M giant stars that delineate the streams. Conclusions. With the addition of Whiting 1, there is now strong evidence that 6 globular clusters formed within the Sgr dSph. Whiting 1 is particularly interesting because it is the youngest and among the most metal rich. The relatively young age of Whiting 1 demonstrates that this dwarf galaxy was able to form star clusters for a period of at least 6 Gyr, and the age and metallicity of Whiting 1 are consistent with the age-metallicity relationship in the main body of the Sgr dSph. The presence now of Whiting 1 in the Galactic halo provides additional support for the view that the young halo clusters originated in dwarf galaxies that have been accreted by the Milky Way.
The Entrepreneurial State by Mariana Mazzucato: A critical engagement

If one had to name an innovation policy book that made it into mainstream political debates, Mariana Mazzucato’s 2013 The Entrepreneurial State would surely come to mind. The book expands on a 2011 pamphlet with the same title (Mazzucato, 2011) that had an impact among top officials both in the European Union and the United Kingdom. The book’s success – it has been praised by figures such as Martin Wolf, David Willets and Liam Byrne, and was awarded the 2014 New Statesman SPERI Prize in Political Economy – undoubtedly contributed to Mazzucato’s appointment to Jeremy Corbyn’s economic advisory board. The Entrepreneurial State seeks to answer the right questions at the right moment. If years of fiscal consolidation and austerity have miserably failed to promote growth and prosperity, Mazzucato aims to criticize the very roots of these policies. She demolishes the idea that diminished state intervention will reduce fiscal deficits and enhance innovation in the private sector. Behind many of the innovations commonly attributed to market dynamism – she shows – one actually finds state interventionism. The main goal of her book, then, is ‘to change how we talk about the state’ as ‘the most effective way to defend its existence, and size, in a proactive way’ (Kindle location 419).
Lean Production System and Economic Development across the World Today

The role of organizational technological innovations in economic development is empirically examined in this paper. The recent inventory trends since the 1980s have two interesting characteristics at the macro-level. First, the inventories have been declining over time. Second, the developed countries have smaller changes in inventories than that of the developing. At the firm-and-industry level, previous studies identify this recent trends in the context of modern production systems such as just-in-time and lean production as one source of economic growth especially for the case of developed countries. However, this phenomenon has highlighted less at the country level. Thus, we highlight the nexus between these recent inventory trends and economic growth which leads us to the following hypothesis: the long term declining trend of inventories ratio either over GDP or total capital investment exerts a significantly positive impact on economic development. By using 31 years of relevant panel data of 88 and up to 152 countries and by using panel data econometric techniques, we find that there exists a robust positive relationship between reduction and smaller changes in inventories and economic growth (GDP per capita growth) and economic development (GDP per capita level) across the globe.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WATERMELON JUICE AS AFFECTED BY CONCENTRATION

Rheological properties are presented based on the flow behavior and the deformation of a substance by the action of stress. Among the juices, watermelon is very popular and also very nutritious. In this research, the flow behavior of watermelon juice was determined at concentrations of 40, 50 and 60 0Brix and temperatures of 15, 20 and 30 °C.Shear stress data obtained from juices were fitted with rheological models including Newtonian, power law. Also, concentration relation and temperature was determined by Arnius model and exponential law models. Based on the results obtained, both temperature and concentration decreased n values but increased K values. The power law model was also able to predict the dependence on apparent viscosity with concentration with high precision. The combined Arnius-power law model showed a high compliance for the effect of concentration-temperature on the apparent viscosity. It can be concluded that the temperature and concentration completely affect the rheological properties of Iranian watermelon juices Keywords: Concentration, Juice, Rheological properties, Watermelo
ROBUST H1 CONTROL FOR T-S TIME-VARYING DELAY SYSTEMS WITH NORM BOUNDED UNCERTAINTY BASED ON LMI APPROACH

In this paper we consider the problem of delay-dependent robust H1 control for uncertain fuzzy systems with time-varying delay. The Takagi- Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is used to describe such systems. Time-delay is assumed to have lower and upper bounds. Based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method, a sucient condition for the existence of a robust H1 controller is obtained. The fuzzy state feedback gains are derived by solving pertinent LMIs. The proposed method can avoid restrictions on the derivative of the time-varying delay assumed in previous works. The eectiveness of our method is demonstrated by a numerical example.
Kinetics and Influencing Factors of Nonenzymatic Browning in Apple Juice Concentrate

The effects of various processing operation units on browning and the rate of nonenzymatic browning in commercial apple juice concentrates (70.5 °Brix) stored at 5, 20 or 37 ℃ were investigated. The changes of color value (T440), browning index (A420nm), amino nitrogen content and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content were evaluated. The rates of browning at all three temperatures obeyed the first-order kinetic model. Browning reaction occurred more obviously at high temperature. There was a general decrease in amino nitrogen content and an increase in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content with prolonged storage; this effect was most pronounced for samples stored at 37 ℃. The relation between 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content and fruit browning could be described as an exponential explanation for the reason why browning occurs in apple juice concentrate during storage is Maillard reaction, which could also be validated by the linear relation between amino nitrogen and browning. During the early processing stages, including crushing, pressing, enzymolysis, ultrafiltration and first pasteurization, no obvious Maillard reaction was found. The follow-up operation unit, adsorption, resulted in the removal of amino nitrogen and other dark colored compounds. However, Maillard reaction was undesirably promoted, leading to an obvious reduction of amino nitrogen in apple juice.
Hydraulic and strength properties of unexposed and freeze–thaw exposed cement-stabilized soils

A total of 108 specimens were prepared to examine the hydraulic performance and strength performance of nine different cement-stabilized soils under unexposed and freeze–thaw exposed conditions. Specimens from each mix design were evaluated under two levels of curing conditions (i.e., immature versus mature). Hydraulic conductivity and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) measurements were performed to assess changes in the performance of specimens after 12 cycles of freezing at −10 ± 1 °C and thawing at 22 ± 1 °C. Measured mass losses of the specimens from a standard brushing test were also monitored at different freeze–thaw cycles, and results were compared with the changes in the hydraulic performance for each mix design. Hydraulic conductivity measurements on unexposed mature specimens showed that the lowest values likely occurred at water contents slightly wet of optimum water content (OWC). The UCS values showed a general decreasing trend with the increase in the water content for both immature and.
PROBING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE STRUCTURE ABOUT PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES THROUGH WORD ASSOCIATION TEST

The aim of this study is to investigate high school students’ cognitive structures and to identify their learning difficulties in physical and chemical changes through word association test (WAT) and to compare at different students grades. The study was comprised of 167 students who are attending at ninth (88 students) and tenth grades (79 students). The WAT was used as data a collection instrument developed by the researcher. Before WAT is developed, the physical and chemical change topic placed in high school chemistry curriculum was examined to select the stimulus words of WAT. The WAT comprised of eight total stimulus words, among them chemical reaction, energy, chemical property, and physical property , is used to probe students’ cognitive structures. At the end of the study, it was found that differences in the students’ cognitive structures at ninth and tenth grades make it clear that instruction affects the cognitive structure. On the other hand, it was also concluded that students from both grades cannot associate with the concept of energy with other concepts of the subject.