Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Caffeine and trans-cinnamaldehyde on Growth Performance, Hematology, Stress Hormone, Immunity Response and Blood Parameters in Broiler Chickens

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of caffeine and trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) on growth performance, hematological parameters, stress hormones, immune response, and some blood parameters of broiler chickens. Three hundred fifty 1-d-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 7 dietary treatments (five pens/ treatment of 10 male broilers each) in a completely randomized design. A basal control corn-soybean meal diet for starter, grower and finisher periods were formulated and supplemented with appropriate levels of caffeine (0.5, 1 and 2%) or TC (0.5, 1 and 1.5%). Findings showed that caffeine at level of 2% decreased feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR). TC supplementation had no significant effect on growth performance compare to control diet. Except caffeine which significantly decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit at level of 2% in 21 day old chicks (P), caffeine and TC had no significant effects on hematological parameters and stress hormone of broiler chickens in 21 and 42 d (P>0.05). Similar trend were observed for humeral and cell mediated immunity. Supplementation of 2% of caffeine significantly decreased glucose level in 21 d (P) and this effect was not observed for TC levels compare with the control treatment. On the other hand all levels of caffeine and TC at level of 1% significantly decreased cholesterol levels in 21 d compared to control treatment (P). Caffeine and TC levels were not change the blood parameters in 42 d. Findings showed that supplementation of diets with caffeine specially at level of 2% decrease growth performance and neither caffeine nor TC affect the hematological, hormonal and immunity response in broiler chickens.
Explaining the Effects of Government Spending Shocks I

Using panel structural VAR analysis and quarterly data from four industrialized countries, we document that an increase in government purchases raises output and private consumption, deteriorates the trade balance, and depreciates the real exchange rate. This pattern of comovement poses a puzzle for both neoclassical and Keynesian models. An explanation based on the deep-habit mechanism is proposed. An estimated twocountry model with deep-habits is shown to replicate well the observed responses of output, consumption, and the trade balance, and the initial response of the real exchange rate to an estimated government spending shock.
Effects of Fire on Grasshopper Assemblages in a Northern Mixed-grass Prairie

Abstract Grassland fires have been shown to influence grasshopper community composition and population dynamics, but studies of their effects on rangeland grasshopper assemblages in the northern Great Plains are lacking. This study was designed to examine the effect of a grassland wildfire on grasshopper community composition and population densities of three grasshopper subfamilies in western North Dakota northern mixed-grass prairie with sampling in paired burned and unburned plots. A rapidly moving fire occurred in late October 1999, after egg-overwintering grasshoppers had died. Vegetation biomass and nitrogen content of grasses did not differ statistically between burned and unburned plots in 2000. The fire negatively affected grasshopper population densities the year after the fire, but species diversity was not affected by the fire. Much of the reduction in grasshopper population densities was caused by a decline in densities of Gomphocerinae species. Grasshopper subfamily densities did not differ statistically between burned and unburned plots in 2001. Additional research is needed to determine the mechanisms leading to the reduction in Gomphocerinae species densities.
Population structure and phylogenetic history of the Lake Malawi cichlid species flock

The cichlid species "flocks" which are endemic to the East African Rift Valley are characterized by frequent lineage splitting events which have led to the rapid evolution of high levels of taxonomic diversity. Changes in water level cause these habitat patches to be chronically unstable, hypothetically speeding the process of genetic differentiation through the combined effects of genetic drift and selection. Allele frequencies at four simple sequence repeat loci indicate low levels of gene flow in two rock dwelling fish species, Melanochromis auratus and Labeotropheus fuelleborni, collected from the Nankumba Peninsula in southern Lake Malawi. Small interruptions in habitat cause low, but statistically significant genetic differentiation among populations. The highest levels of interpopulation heterogeneity were observed between populations separated by deep troughs of open water. Differences in habitat usage cause the absolute magnitude of interpopulation heterogeneity to be higher among M. auratus populations than among L. fuelleborni populations. A correlation exists between allelic diversity at a locus and the relative age of a habitat, suggesting that mild bottlenecks are associated with colonization. Simulation studies indicate that the level of differentiation observed among these populations is unlikely to be merely an artifact of modest sample sizes and highly polymorphic loci. Philopatry alone is not sufficient to drive speciation. Populations must become reproductively isolated as well. A series of mate choice experiments indicated that mate recognition is nearly perfect among the congeners M. auratus and M. heterochromis. When F$\sb1$ hybrid females were included in these experiments, they preferentially mated with hybrid males. An estimate of the relationships among Lake Tanganyika and Lake Malawi species was obtained by surveying the genome for SINE (retrotransoposon) insertions by using a modified AFLP protocol which incorporates a SINE specific primer. The resulting phylogeny estimate was consistent with other molecular and morphological data sets for the older lineages in Lake Tanganyika, and indicated that the Lake Malawi species flock has a common ancestor with the Tanganyikan tribe Tropheini. Resolution among the Lake Malawi species was poor due to the incomplete lineage sorting which is characteristic of this extremely rapidly evolving lineage.
Operation Optimization of Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines Based on Stochastic Optimization Algorithms: A Review

Operation optimization of natural gas pipelines has received increasing attentions, due to such advantages as maximizing the operating economic benefit and the gas delivery amount. This paper provides a review on the most relevant research progress related to the steady-state operation optimization models of natural gas pipelines as well as corresponding solution methods based on stochastic optimization algorithms. The existing operation optimization model of the natural gas pipeline is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model involving a nonconvex feasible region and mixing of continuous, discrete, and integer optimization variables, which represents an extremely difficult problem to be solved by use of optimization algorithms. A survey on the state of the art demonstrates that many stochastic algorithms show better performance of solving such optimization models due to their advantages of handling discrete variables and of high computation efficiency over classical deterministic optimization algorithms. The essential progress mainly with regard to the applications of the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms, and their extensions is summarized. The performances of these algorithms are compared in terms of the quality of optimization results and the computation efficiency. Furthermore, the research challenges of improving the optimization model, enhancing the stochastic algorithms, developing an online optimization technology, researching the transient optimization, and studying operation optimization of the integrated energy network are discussed.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN EFISIENSI USAHA AYAM RAS PETELUR DI KABUPATEN WONOSOBO

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Mengetahui tingkat pendapatan peternak ayam ras petelur ; (2) Mengetahui efisiensi ekonomi usaha ayam ras petelur ; (3) Menentukan p rofitabilitas usaha ayam ras petelur ; dan (4) Mengetahui pengaruh faktor produksi yang terdiri dari jumlah pakan, produksi telur, tenaga kerja, jumlah ternak dan OVK (obat, vaksin dan kimia) terhadap pendap a tan dan efisiensi usaha ayam ras petelur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa rata-rata pendapatan yang diperoleh peternak sebesar Rp 4.688. 186,-/bulan. Efisiensi usaha ayam ras petelur rata-rata sebesar 1,25. Rata-rata nilai profitabilitas usaha ayam ras petelur di kabupaten Wonosobo sebesar 4,29%. F aktor produksi yang terdiri dari jumlah pakan, produksi telur, tenaga kerja, jumlah ternak dan OVK (obat, vaksin dan kimia) secara serempak berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan dan efisiensi usaha ayam ras petelur. Faktor jumlah pakan dan produksi telur secara individual berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan dan efisiensi usaha ayam ras petelur di Kabupaten Wonosobo. Kata Kunci : Pendapatan, Efisiensi Usaha, Ayam Ras Petelur Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
Environmental accounting: A tool for conserving biodiversity in tropical forests

Loss of biodiversity threatens the world's ecosystem and tropical forests provide the last hope of sustainability. Environmental accounting focuses on sustainable production and development generates data and employs methodologies for valuing natural resources. Thus, by providing these accounting realities conservation is not only encouraged but becomes a critical necessity. This study aimed to evaluate the potential roles of environmental accounting in conserving biodiversity in tropical forests. Specifically, it is aimed to estimate the rate of deforestation and evaluate its effect on biodiversity for accounting purposes. The study was conducted in the Forest Reserves of Osun State, Nigeria through a survey of communities around the Forest Reserves to obtain the Contingent Values of biodiversity. Data on rates of deforestation were obtained from records of the Forestry Management Department of the Ministry of Environment in Osun State, Nigeria. These data were analyzed using the LOGIT regression Model and the amounts of WTP was aggregated and extrapolated to obtain the total value of biodiversity losses in the Forest Reserves. Results showed a per capita annual cost of 25USD resulting to over 2,824,408.125 USD as the lost value or depreciation of biodiversity in the study area. This depreciation cost is tremendous requiring urgent attention to conservation. It was concluded that the emergence of environmental accounting tools has significant consequence on biodiversity preservation because what is counted is what is valued and what is valued is what is treasured. This calls for policy and stringent action towards conservation of forest resources. Key words: Biodiversity, environmental accounting, deforestation, depreciation.
UHI Research Database pdf download summary Design of a Single Stage Centrifugal Compressor as Part of a Microturbine Running at 60000 rpm, Developing a Maximum of 60 kW Electrical Power Output Al-Hamdan,

In this current work, the design of a single stage centrifugal compressor as part of a complete small gas turbine coupled directly to high speed permanent magnet running at 60000rpm and developing a maximum electrical power of 60kW is presented. The choice of a radial impeller was considered and the design was based on using a non-linear optimisation code to determine the geometric dimensions of the impeller. Also, the optimum axial length and the flow passage of the impeller were found based on prescribed mean stream velocity. The proposed code was verified and showed quite good agreement with the published data in the open literature. The design of a vaneless diffuser and a volute were considered based on satisfying the governing equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy conservation simultaneously. Results showed good agreement with the CFD analysis found in the open literature. This work was motivated by the growing interest in micro-gas turbines for electrical power generation, transport and other applications.
The melody of surprise: maternal surprise vocalizations during play with her infant

Two groups of mothers and their infants (24 infants, mean age=3.5 months and 24 infants, mean age=5.5 months) were video- and audio-taped in their homes while playing with a Jack-in-the-box. The mean fundamental frequency of spontaneous surprise exclamations of mothers when opening the toy were analysed, and infant and maternal facial expressions of surprise were coded in three regions of the face. A t-test established that significantly more of the older children in comparison with younger children showed surprise (t=−2.96, df=46, p<0.005, 2-tailed). Twenty-nine per cent of the younger infants, in comparison with 67% of the older children showed facial expressions of surprise. A t-test of maternal pitch height (Hz) indicated that mothers exclaimed in surprise with a higher pitch when the child did not show a surprise facial expression (mean=415.61 Hz) in comparison with the child showing surprise (mean=358.97 Hz; t=2.9, df=46, p=0.006, 2-tailed). A multiple regression established that infant's expression was a stronger predictor of maternal vocal pitch than was the age of the infant. These results are discussed in terms of maternal use of emotional expressions as ‘social signals’. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of coastline properties and wastewater on plankton composition and distribution in a stressed environment on the north coast of Olinda-PE (Brazil)

Foi realizado um estudo sobre a estrutura das comunidades planctonicas ao longo das praias de Casa Caiada e Rio Doce (Pernanbuco, Brasil). A area de estudo sofre grande influencia antropica onde as condicoes ambientais sao controladas pela presenca de estruturas costeiras, reduzindo a intensidade da circulacao neste ambiente; e pelos efluentes clandestinos de esgoto que aportam aguas poluidas para dentro do sistema protegido. Os resultados obtidos indicam que nas zonas protegidas as aguas apresentam alta turbidez, temperaturas elevadas, salinidades reduzidas e altas concentracoes de nutrientes e oxigenio. Estas condicoes sao responsaveis pela reducao da diversidade do plâncton e pelo aumento da biomassa das especies mais resistentes. As diferencas registradas com respeito a areas similares, porem nao impactadas, parecem indicar que a estrutura planctonica pode ser usada como um indicador da qualidade ambiental, sugerindo uma baixa qualidade das praias em estudo.
Evaluation of the Diet in Medical and Para-Medical Students Using Diet Quality Index

Western lifestyle has rapidly been adopted and this has caused changes in dietary habits, types of food, cooking methods, etc. especially among the young Saudi population. We aimed to assess the overall diet quality of young adults. A total of 140 students were included from the medical and para-medical students of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in a cross sectional study. A structured questionnaire was self-administered including socio-demographic characteristics, semi-quantitative pre-validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from which dietary quality index international (DQI-I) was estimated. It was evident that poor dietary quality, as assessed by DQI-I, was common among the study cohort. FFQ data analysis clearly shows that the study participants were not adherent to the dietary guidelines. Score values of DQI-I and its components were indicative of inadequacy, imbalance, lack of moderation and diversity of nutrients and food items. Positive correlation was observed between DQI-I and some of its components with living arrangement and residency type as indicators of socioeconomic status. Appropriate indices should be developed for Saudi people, based on the recommendations specific for certain age groups like children, adolescents and young adults. Abbreviation
Studies on the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice and peel on liver and kidney in adult male rats

The pomegranate has been traditionally used as medicines in many countries. The study aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of pomegranate in hepatic and renal tissues of rats. Eighteen adult male albino rats were randomly divided into three groups, six rats of each. The first group served as control and received saline (0.2 ml saline/rat) by oral administration via epigastric tube. The second group received oral administration of 3 ml/kg pomegranate juice for 21 days and served as pomegranate juice (PJ) group. The third group received oral administration of 200 mg/kg methanol extract of pomegranate peel for 21 days and served as methanol extract of pomegranate peel (MEPP) group. Pomegranate has no effect on liver and kidney functions. The present data demonstrate that PJ and MEPP reduced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in both liver and kidney tissue homogenate. A significant increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of rats received pomegranate was observed. These findings demonstrate that pomegranate has a potent anti-oxidative effect.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL THROUGH MIND MAPPING

This study is aimed at examining if the use of mind mapping technique can improve students’ writing ability at Secretary Class of LP3I College, Banda Aceh. Writing skill employed in this study is focused on how students are able to generate and organize idea and write well two types of business letters (making inquiry and replying to inquiry letter). Those two types are selected as they are part of the core business letters studied on the subject of Business Correspondence. A classroom action research has been carried out using students’ writing tests. Analytical scoring rubric and descriptive qualitative procedures were used for the analysis. The findings of the study proved that the application of mind mapping technique in writing business letters was effective as the students’ results of writing from cycle one had improved in cycle two and the students’ understanding of the writing concept got improved as well. The results from students’ writing tests showed that 78% of students (above the determined criteria of success) improved their writing ability. It obviously means that the application of mind mapping technique has given a significant impact on the improvement of students’ writing ability to write business letters.
A Generalised Assessment of Working Fluids and Radial Turbines for Non-Recuperated Subcritical Organic Rankine Cycles

The aim of this paper is to conduct a generalised assessment of both optimal working fluids and radial turbine designs for small-scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems across a range of heat-source temperatures. The former has been achieved by coupling a thermodynamic model of subcritical, non-recperated cycles with the Peng–Robinson equation of state, and optimising the working-fluid and cycle parameters for heat-source temperatures ranging between 80 ° C and 360 ° C . The critical temperature of the working fluid is found to be an important parameter governing working-fluid selection. Moreover, a linear correlation between heat-source temperature and the optimal critical temperature that achieves maximum power output has been found for heat-source temperatures below 300 ° C ( T cr = 0.830 T hi + 41.27 ). This correlation has been validated against cycle calculations completed for nine predefined working fluids using both the Peng–Robinson equation of state and using the REFPROP program. Ultimately, this simple correlation can be used to identify working-fluid candidates for a specific heat-source temperature. In the second half of this paper, the effect of the heat-source temperature on the optimal design of a radial-inflow turbine rotor for a 25 kW subcritical ORC system has been studied. As the heat-source temperature increases, the optimal blade-loading coefficient increases, whilst the optimal flow coefficient reduces. Furthermore, passage losses are dominant in turbines intended for low-temperature applications. However, at higher heat-source temperatures, clearance losses become more dominant owing to the reduced blade heights. This information can be used to identify the most direct route to efficiency improvements in these machines. Finally, it is observed that the transition from a conventional converging stator to a converging-diverging stator occurs at heat-source temperatures of approximately 165 ° C , whilst radially-fibered turbines seem unsuitable as the heat-source temperature exceeds 250 ° C ; these conclusions can be used to inform expander design and selection at an early stage.
Different Judgments about Visual Textures Invoke Different Eye Movement Patterns

Top-down influences on the guidance of the eyes are generally modeled as modulating influences on bottom-up salience maps. Interested in task-driven influences on how, rather than where, the eyes are guided, we expected differences in eye movement parameters accompanying beauty and roughness judgments about visual textures. Participants judged textures for beauty and roughness, while their gaze-behavior was recorded. Eye movement parameters differed between the judgments, showing task effects on how people look at images. Similarity in the spatial distribution of attention suggests that differences in the guidance of attention are non-spatial, possibly feature-based. During the beauty judgment, participants fixated on patches that were richer in color information, further supporting the idea that differences in the guidance of attention are feature-based. A finding of shorter fixation durations during beauty judgments may indicate that extraction of the relevant features is easier during this judgment. This finding is consistent with a more ambient scanning mode during this judgment. The differences in eye movement parameters during different judgments about highly repetitive stimuli highlight the need for models of eye guidance to go beyond salience maps, to include the temporal dynamics of eye guidance.