Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electron-Hole Pair Creation at Ag and Cu Surfaces by Adsorption of Atomic Hydrogen and Deuterium

Hot electrons and holes created at Ag and Cu surfaces by adsorption of thermal hydrogen anddeuterium atoms have been measured directly with ultrathin metal ﬁlm Schottky diode detectors onSi(111). When the metal surface is exposed to these atoms, charge carriers are excited at the surface,travel ballistically toward the interface, and have been detected as a chemicurrent in the diode. Thecurrent decreases with increasing exposure and eventually reaches a constant value at the steady-statecoverage. This is the ﬁrst direct evidence of nonadiabatic energy dissipation during adsorption attransition metal surfaces. [S0031-9007(98)08122-8]
The superior cerebellar artery: an anatomic-roentgenographic correlation.

THE INDICATIONS for vertebral arteriography have expanded with the increased use of selective catheter technics. The evaluation of these studies depends on a knowledge of the normal gross and roentgenologic anatomy of the posterior fossa vasculature. A detailed anatomic and roentgen analysis of many of these infratentorial arteries and veins has appeared in the recent literature (1–7, 9). A precise description with correlation of the normal anatomy of the superior cerebellar artery, however, has not been published. In this communication we describe the normal course and distribution of the superior cerebellar artery in anatomic specimens as well as in clinical material. Material and Method The anatomic information was derived from two sources. One was the gross material represented by 30 brains from cadavers. The superior cerebellar arteries were filled with a Micropaque-gel suspension after injection of one of the vertebral arteries. After fixation, the specimens were dissected and photographed to establ.
Understanding Non-Uniform Failure Models

Traditionally, models of fault-tolerant distributed computing assume that failures are “uniform”: processes are equally probable to fail and a failure of one process does not affect reliability of the others. In real systems, however, processes may not be equally reliable. Moreover, failures may be correlated because of software or hardware features shared by subsets of processes. In this paper, we survey recent results addressing the question of what can and what cannot be computed in systems with non-identical and non-independent failures
How Do Web Users Respond to Non-Banner-Ads Animation? The Effects of Task Type and User Experience

Prior research on Web animation typically focuses on banner ads, where the findings suggest that users are capable of ignoring the animation when performing online tasks. Research on non-banner-ads animation (e.g., animation applied to the main content of an e-commerce Web site), however, is relatively scarce with inconclusive results. We propose that the effects of non-banner-ads animation are moderated by task type and the Web user’s experience with the animation. Drawing upon divided attention theories, especially the central capacity theory, this research investigates the effects of non-banner-ads animation on Web users’ clicking behavior, task performance, and perceptions through an online shopping experiment. The results show that non-banner-ads animation does attract Web users’ attention, with the animated item more likely to be clicked first and also more likely to be purchased when users are performing browsing tasks. Meanwhile, Web users’ task performance and perceptions are negatively affected in the presence of animation. Moreover, the negative effects of animation on task performance are greater in browsing tasks than in searching tasks. Finally, experience can help Web users to reduce the distraction from animation and is more effective when users are engaged in searching tasks than when they are engaged in browsing tasks.
Risk Attitudes, Randomization to Treatment, and Self-Selection into Experiments

Randomization to treatment is fundamental to statistical control in the design of experiments. But randomization implies some uncertainty about treatment condition, and individuals differ in their preferences towards taking on risk. Since human subjects often volunteer for experiments, or are allowed to drop out of the experiment at any time if they want to, it is possible that the sample observed in an experiment might be biased because of the risk of randomization. On the other hand, the widespread use of a guaranteed show-up fee that is non-stochastic may generate sample selection biases of the opposite direction, encouraging more risk averse samples into experiments. We undertake a field experiment to directly test these hypotheses that risk attitudes play a role in sample selection. We follow standard procedures in the social sciences to recruit subjects to an experiment in which we measure their attitudes to risk. We exploit the fact that we know certain characteristics of the population sampled, adults in Denmark, allowing a statistical correction for sample selection bias using standard methods. We also utilize the fact that we have a complex sampling design to provide better estimates of the target population. Our results suggest that randomization bias is not a major empirical problem for field experiments of the kind we conducted if the objective is to identify marginal effects of sample characteristics. However, there is evidence that the use of show-up fees may have generated a sample that was more risk averse than would otherwise have been observed.
Evaluation of the association between hereditary thrombophilias and recurrent pregnancy loss: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a significant clinical problem. Recently, thrombophilias have been implicated as a possible cause. Factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin gene (G20210A) mutations are the most common types of hereditary thrombophilias, but are usually undiagnosed because most carriers are asymptomatic. The relationship between FVL, G20210A, and RPL has been investigated with conflicting results. This study analyzed existing data to determine whether an association exists. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed. Only case-control studies that defined RPL as 2 or more pregnancy losses in the first or second trimester and that confirmed mutations by DNA analysis were included. Sixteen studies were selected for the FVL meta-analysis and 7 for the G20210A analysis. Stratified and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with the use of aggregate data. Results were confirmed by means of fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses models. RESULTS The combined odds ratios for the association between RPL and FVL and between RPL and G20210A were 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-2.7; P<.001) and 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-4.0; P =.03), respectively. Similar results were produced by the logistic regression and both fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis models. CONCLUSIONS Carriers of FVL or prothrombin gene mutations have double the risk of experiencing 2 or more miscarriages compared with women without thrombophilias. Hereditary thrombophilias may be an unrecognized cause of RPL. We recommend testing for these mutations in women with RPL.
The Effect of Hormonal Oral Contraception on Acquisition of Peak Bone Mineral Density of Adolescents and Young Women

Maximizing bone mass in youth is touted as the best strategy to offset the natural losses of aging and the menopausal transition. Not achieving maximum peak bone mineral density (BMD) is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis and thus a public health concern. Adolescence is a critical time of bone mineralization mediated by endogenous estradiol. Research has shown that the highest velocity of bone mass accrual occurs 1 year before menarche and after the first 3 years. Low-peak attainment of BMD in young women is associated with contributing factors such as diets low in calcium, eating disorders, lack of exercise, smoking, and low estrogen states. Oral contraceptives (OCs) suppress endogenous estradiol production by suppressing the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis. Thus, OCs, by replacing endogenous estradiol with ethinyl estradiol (EE), establish and maintain new hormone levels. The early initiation and the use of very low dose of EE raises the possibility that bone mass accrual at a critical time of bone mineralization in young women or adolescents may be jeopardized. This review examines the studies of BMD in adolescents and young women that use combination hormonal contraception. Some studies had inherent limitations, such as small trial, poor control of confounders, failure to exclude women with prior use of hormonal contraceptives, or prior pregnancy from control groups. The vast majority of reviewed studies showed OCs containing 20 to 30 µg of EE interfere with acquisition of peak BMD. Limited numbers of studies examine the effects of OCs containing 35 µg on adolescents and young adults. Additionally, studies are needed evaluating the progestin component of OCs as their differing androgenic properties may affect bone mineralization as well.
MAGNA++: Maximizing Accuracy in Global Network Alignment via both node and edge conservation

MOTIVATION Network alignment aims to find conserved regions between different networks. Existing methods aim to maximize total similarity over all aligned nodes (i.e. node conservation). Then, they evaluate alignment quality by measuring the amount of conserved edges, but only after the alignment is constructed. Thus, we recently introduced MAGNA (Maximizing Accuracy in Global Network Alignment) to directly maximize edge conservation while producing alignments and showed its superiority over the existing methods. Here, we extend the original MAGNA with several important algorithmic advances into a new MAGNA++ framework. RESULTS MAGNA++ introduces several novelties: (i) it simultaneously maximizes any one of three different measures of edge conservation (including our recent superior [Formula: see text] measure) and any desired node conservation measure, which further improves alignment quality compared with maximizing only node conservation or only edge conservation; (ii) it speeds up the original MAGNA algorithm by parallelizing it to automatically use all available resources, as well as by reimplementing the edge conservation measures more efficiently; (iii) it provides a friendly graphical user interface for easy use by domain (e.g. biological) scientists; and (iv) at the same time, MAGNA++ offers source code for easy extensibility by computational scientists. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION http://www.nd. edu/∼cone/MAGNA++/
A Prospective, Open-Label Study of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Filler With Lidocaine (VYC-15L) Treatment for the Correction of Infraorbital Skin Depressions

BACKGROUND Infraorbital skin depressions are one of the most troublesome facial areas for aesthetically aware patients. OBJECTIVE Evaluate effectiveness and safety of Juvéderm Volbella with Lidocaine (VYC-15L; Allergan plc, Dublin, Ireland) for correction of bilateral infraorbital depressions. METHODS In this 12-month, prospective, uncontrolled, open-label study, subjects aged ≥18 years with infraorbital depressions rated ≥1 on the Allergan Infra-oRbital Scale (AIRS) received injections of VYC-15L with optional touch-up treatment on Day 14. The primary efficacy measure was ≥1 AIRS grade improvement from baseline at month 1. RESULTS Of 80 subjects initially treated with VYC-15L, 75 (94%) completed the study. All injections were intentionally deep, most using multiple microbolus technique. At 1 month, 99.3% of eyes achieved ≥1 AIRS grade improvement. The responder rate (subjects with ≥1 AIRS grade improvement in both eyes) was 99% at month 1, 92% at month 6, and 54% at month 12. Most injection site reactions (e.g., bruising, redness, irregularities/bumps) were mild and resolved by day 14. Late-onset mild to moderate edema was observed in 11% of eyes at month 6% and 4% of eyes at month 12. CONCLUSION VYC-15L is effective and safe for the treatment of infraorbital depressions, with effectiveness lasting up to 12 months.
Relating nickel-induced tissue inflammation to nickel release in vivo.

Nickel has a number of adverse biological effects that have made the use of nickel in biomedical implants controversial. Yet information about the distribution of nickel in tissues around nickel-containing implants is scarce. The purpose of the current study was to use a laser ablation technique, combined with inductively coupled mass spectroscopy, to assess the spatial distribution of nickel around nickel-containing implants in vivo. Polyethylene, pure nickel wire, or a nickel-containing alloy (Ni-Cr) were implanted subcutaneously into rats for 7 days. The tissues were analyzed for Ni content and inflammation at 1-mm intervals up to 5 mm away from the implants. The sham surgery sites and the polyethylene caused mild to moderate inflammation 1-2 mm from the implant site with no detectable nickel in the tissue. The nickel wire caused severe inflammation up to 5 mm away from the implant site with necrosis for 1 mm around the implant. Nickel concentrations reached 48 microg/g near the implants, falling exponentially to undetectable levels at 3-4 mm from the implants. The Ni-Cr wire caused inflammation equivalent to polyethylene, with less than 4 microg/g of nickel present in the tissue for 1-2 mm around the implants. The current study showed that the laser-ablation technique was well suited for the analysis of soft tissues for metal-ion content, and that the nickel distribution in tissues correlated well with overt tissue inflammation.
[The relationship between QT dispersion and risk factors of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

OBJECTIVE Several risk factors are established for prediction of sudden cardiac death caused by ventricular arrhythmias in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). QT dispersion (QTd) is thought to reflect the heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization. The relation of QTd with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death has been shown by several studies. The aim of this study is to examine whether there is a relationship between QTd and established risk factors of sudden cardiac death in patients with HCM. METHODS In the present study 48 patients with HCM and 30 normal subjects were studied. The patients with electrocardiographic changes that could affect QT interval measurements and those in whom QTd was calculated in less than 9 leads were excluded from the study. A family history of sudden death due to HCM, a history of ventricular fibrillation, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia on Holter monitoring and a history of recurrent syncope were accepted as risk factors for sudden cardiac death. RESULTS QTd was significantly greater in patients with HCM than in normal controls (55+/-22 ms vs 34+/-13 ms, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in QTd between patients with and without risk factors (57+/-22 ms vs 53+/-20 ms, p>0.05). There was also no significant difference in QTd between patients with and without left ventricular outflow gradient p>30 mmHg (57+/-23 ms vs 53+/-19 ms, p>0.05). CONCLUSION Although QTd was significantly greater in patients with HCM than in normal controls, its relation to risk factors of sudden death could not be established.
Comparing Self-Reported Measures of Diabetes Care With Similar Measures From a Chart Audit in a Well-Defined Population

The objective of this study was to compare self-reported measures of diabetes care with measures derived from medical records in a well-defined population. Diabetes measures were collected through a 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System telephone survey of American Indians living on or near 7 Montana reservations (N = 398) and were compared with data collected from charts of a systematic sample of American Indians with diabetes seen in 1997 at Indian Health Service (IHS) facilities. Survey respondents were more likely to report a duration of diabetes >10 years (44 vs 31%), annual dilated retinal exam (75 vs 59o), and an influenza immunization in the past year (73 vs 57%) compared with estimates from the chart audit. Estimates of pneumococcal immunization (88 vs 42%), annual cholesterol screening (86 vs 69o), and overweight, based on body mass index (67 vs 50%), were significantly higher from the chart audit. No significant differences were found between the survey respondents and the chart audit data for annual foot exams (65 vs 61%), annual blood pressure checks (98 vs 93%), high cholesterol (35 vs 41%), and high blood pressure (54 vs 64%). These findings suggest that self-reported data may over and underestimate specific measures of diabetes care.
Correction of degenerative scoliosis of the lumbar spine. A preliminary report.

The use of the spinal internal skeletal fixation system (ISFS), originally developed for fracture treatment by Dick for the segmental correction of scoliosis, is demonstrated in eight adult degenerative lumbar spinal curves. The two main benefits of an intrapedicular screw fixation system, i.e., excellent skeletal stabilization and the ability to freely modify individual segmental vertebral position, are clearly demonstrated in this instrumentation, which is still at the prototype stage. The good preliminary results seen in this series encourages the further development of segmental intrapedicular spinal fixation systems for the treatment of scoliosis.
Clinicopathologic considerations of fusobacteria chorioamnionitis

When sought by light microscopy in formalin‐fixed tissue, fusobacteria are apparent in 7–18% of chorioamnionitis cases. Brown and Hopps bacterial staining characteristically visualizes their long, slender and filamentous forms. Fusobacteria‐like organisms in placentae have previously been associated with prematurity. Our findings indicate that perinatal infection with fusobacteria may cause neonatal death from prematurity, rather than from sepsis. In a study of 586 placentae, 14 specimens with chorioamnionitis and fusobacteria‐like organisms were found. On the five occasions when microbiologic tests were made, fusobacteria were isolated. Prematurity of the newborns was associated with twelve of those placentae. Immunofluorescent labelling of the organisms is a helpful but incomplete means of diagnosis. Because fusobacteria antibodies are highly specific, they do not cross‐react with other members of the genus Fusobacterium. A typical case is reported, in detail.
Influence of Vermiwash on Germination and Growth of Cow Pea Vigna Ungiculata and Rice Oryza Sativa

The present study deals with the influence of Vermiwash on germination and growth of Cow pea Vigna ungiculata and Rice Oryza sativa grown for a period of 25 days. Vermicompost was prepared by using earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae and by using cowdung and leaf litter in the ratio of 1: 1. Vermiwash was prepared from the vermibed. The physico – chemical and microbiological characteristics of the vermiwash were analyzed. Three different concentrations of vermiwash such as 50, 75 and 100 % were prepared by using tap water. Clay soil, red soil and sand were mixed in the ratio of 3:2:1 and filled in mud pots and seeds of Vigna ungiculata and Oryza sativa were shown. Fifth day onwards vermiwash was applied. On 25 th day parameters such as shoot and root length, number of branches and leaves, leaf length and breadth were measured. Increased Vigor index in Oryza sativa exposed to different concentration of vermiwash. Growth parameters were higher in 75 and 100% of vermiwash sprayed Vigna ungiculata and Oryza sativa.
Biased Importance Sampling for Deep Neural Network Training

Importance sampling has been successfully used to accelerate stochastic optimization in many convex problems. However, the lack of an efficient way to calculate the importance still hinders its application to Deep Learning. In this paper, we show that the loss value can be used as an alternative importance metric, and propose a way to efficiently approximate it for a deep model, using a small model trained for that purpose in parallel. This method allows in particular to utilize a biased gradient estimate that implicitly optimizes a soft max-loss, and leads to better generalization performance. While such method suffers from a prohibitively high variance of the gradient estimate when using a standard stochastic optimizer, we show that when it is combined with our sampling mechanism, it results in a reliable procedure. We showcase the generality of our method by testing it on both image classification and language modeling tasks using deep convolutional and recurrent neural networks. In particular, our method results in 30% faster training of a CNN for CIFAR10 than when using uniform sampling.
Antitumor activity of expanded human tumor-infiltrating gammadelta T lymphocytes.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the antitumor activity of selectively expanded gammadelta T cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (gammadeltaTILs) or tumor ascites lymphocytes (gammadeltaTALs) from patients with colorectal and ovarian epithelial carcinoma (OEC) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS gammadeltaTILs/TALs were expanded by the solid-phase antibody method; their cytolytic and proliferative activities in vitro were detected by the MTT method and 3H-TdR incorporation and their effect in vivo was evaluated by the nude mice model. RESULTS Expanded gammadeltaTILs from colorectal tumors demonstrated marked cytotoxicities to allogeneic human colon adenocarcinoma HR8348 and lymphoma Daudi cells, as well as xenogeneic murine thymoma EL-4 cell lines. Cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, IL-15, TNF-alpha and INF-gamma, could promote the cytotoxicities of gammadeltaTILs to tumor cells, whereas IL-10, GM-CSF and TFG-beta had no effect on such killing activities. Rested gammadeltaTILs could proliferate strongly in response to mitomycin C-treated Daudi and EL-4 tumor cells, but not to HR8348 tumor cells, suggesting that the latter might possess only cytotoxicity-related antigen recognized by gammadeltaTILs. Either alphabetaTILs or gammadeltaTILs from patients with OEC displayed cytotoxicities to allogeneic or autologous OEC cell lines at a similar strength in vitro. Transferring gammadeltaTILs into Daudi cell-bearing BALB/c nude mice with an injection of IL-2 was able to maintain a high survival rate of the mice for 30 days, when compared with mice treated with alphabetaTILs or without any treatment (p < 0.05). Without coinjection of IL-2, after 3 months of Daudi tumor inoculation, a high survival rate was observed in gammadeltaTIL-treated mice. Similarly, adoptive gammadeltaTALs from the ascites of patients with OEC transferred into nude mice displayed a stronger antitumor response to OEC SKOV3 cells than alphabetaTALs in vivo. Tumor volumes in gammadeltaTAL-treated mice were smaller than in alphabetaTAL-treated or non-TAL-treated mice within the period from day 23 to day 50 after tumor inoculation (p < 0.05). Fifty days after SKOV3 tumor inoculation, a decreasing trend of carcinogenic rate was observed in gammadeltaTAL-treated nude mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that gammadeltaT cells could be a new candidate for adoptive immunotherapy in the future treatment of patients with cancer.