Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the fillet quality of wild-caught white sea bream (Diplodus sargus L.) and brown meagre (Sciaena umbra L.) captured from the Aegean Sea

White sea bream (Diplodus sargus) and brown meagre (Sciaena umbra) were caught from the wild in Aegean Sea (Greece), and studied for their proximate, fatty acid and amino acid composition to evaluate their nutritional value for human consumption and their potential as candidate fish species for Mediterranean aquaculture diversification. Both species exhibited very low muscle fat, ranging at 1%. White sea bream was found to have higher muscle eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docohexaenoic (DHA) contents and total n-3 fatty acids than brown meagre. A superiority of white sea bream in aspects of thrombogenicity was indicated, showing higher atherogenic (0.679) and thrombogenic indices (0.377) comparing to the respective values for brown meagre (0.610 and 0.579). The two-studied species exhibited high-quality protein as food source, with white sea bream showing a higher essential to non-essential amino acid (EAA/NEAA) rate, 0.764 vs 0.704, respectively. The individual to total essential amino acids rates of lysine and leucine were the highest ones for both studied species, while no significant differences were observed among them.
Study of diversity in some Moroccan population of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

To study Moroccan saffron germplasm variability relating to different agro-morphological and phenological traits, 969 saffron corms (accessions) were collected from thirteen different sites located in traditional saffron area of Taliouine-Taznakht. The study confirmed a wide range of phenotypic variability within and between populations. The variance analysis revealed that the mother corm weight (MCW), taken as covariant, has significant effect on all studied traits. The difference within and between origins (Provenances) was highly significant for all traits, which showed highly significant correlation. The flowers number (NF) as well as the number of daughter corms weighing above 7 g per plant (NDC≥7) turned out to be the most determinant parameters of saffron yield. The produced FN per corm varied from 1 to 9 with an average of 2.2 flowers. P1 population recorded a flowering rate of 65.5% with a maximum average of NF (2). Stigmat length (SL), which is an important yield trait, showed wide variation between origins from 32 to 38 mm. The mean stigma dry weight (DSW) varied from 4.2 to 6.2 mg with a maximum of 7.1 mg per flower recorded in P1. The PCA revealed 5 homogeneous main groups inside the studied populations. The first one was monoorganogenic and consisted of P1 population only, a group characterized by high values of MCW, NF, NDC≥7 and DSW. This study confirms as well a noticeable influence of corm origin on saffron yield, explained by the genotypic profile and/or the epigenetic effects of the different origins. These results proved a variability which should be useful to the selection program aiming the improvement of saffron productivity in Morocco. Key words: Variability, agro-morphological traits, phenological traits, saffron corms, Morocco.
Lobaria amplissima thalli with external cephalodia need more rain than thalli without

Abstract Hydration traits determine much of a lichen’s distribution pattern along a climatic gradient but the mechanisms involved are still incompletely known. A higher abundance of large external cephalodia in wet oceanic than in drier climates has previously been reported in Lobaria amplissima. This study aims to quantify how much more rain L. amplissima thalli with external cephalodia would need to fill their internal water holding capacity (WHCinternal) than thalli without. The mean WHCinternal was 1·8 times higher in thalli with external cephalodia than in those without. The WHCinternal when converted to mm rain needed to saturate an average specimen was 1·37 mm (min–max: 0·55–3·8 mm) for a cephalodiate thallus, whereas an average thallus without external cephalodia needed just 0·76 mm (min–max: 0·36–1·3 mm). Known dewfall rates and rates of water uptake from humid air are far below what is needed to saturate even the cephalodiate thallus with the lowest WHCinternal, implying a stronger dependency on rain for thalli with external cephalodia. Thus, the observed trends in this study are consistent with earlier reports of decreasing frequency of external cephalodia from wet to drier climates.
Distribution of Bemisia tabaci within soybean plants and on individual leaflets

To control whiteflies on soybean crops in an effective and economically viable way, it is necessary to quantify the occurrence and density of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on the leaflets. Estimating the number of B. tabaci cm‐2 on leaflets is difficult, because its distribution pattern on the various parts of the plant canopy and on the leaflet surface is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of B. tabaci nymphs on soybean plants and leaflets, under greenhouse and field conditions. One hundred soybean plants infested with all nymph stages were randomly selected in a greenhouse, and 25 in a field. Of each plant, a trifoliate leaf of the middle third of the plant’s height was selected and its central leaflet was collected (greenhouse experiment), or a trifoliate leaf of each third layer (upper, middle, and lower), of which the left, central, and right leaflets were collected (field experiment). The collected leaflets were divided into 32 sections (1 cm2 per section), arranged in an array of eight rows and four columns to count whitefly nymphs. The Morisita index (Iδ), the negative binomial parameter k, and the dispersion index (I) were calculated for each leaflet, using the number of nymphs as variable. The highest population densities of whitefly nymphs were found in the middle third of the soybean plants. In leaflets from the middle third, the nymphs concentrated in the middle and bottom parts of the leaflets, whereas in the upper and lower thirds of the plant, they were randomly distributed on the leaflets.
Immuno-phenotypes of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Metaanalysis of transcriptional subtypes

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common malignancy of the pancreas and has one of the highest mortality rates of any cancer type with a 5-year survival rate of < 5% and median overall survival of typically six months from diagnosis. Recent transcriptional studies of PDAC have provided several competing stratifications of the disease. However, the development of therapeutic strategies will depend on a unique and coherent classification of PDAC. Here, we use an integrative meta-analysis of four different PDAC gene expression studies to derive the consensus PDAC classification. Despite the fact that immunotherapies have yet to have an impact in treatment of PDAC, the gene expression signatures that stratify PDAC across studies are immunologic. We define these as “adaptive”, “innate” and “immune-exclusion” immunologic signatures, which are prognostic across independent cohorts. An appreciation of the immune composition of PDAC with prognostic significance is an opportunity to understand distinct immune escape mechanisms in development of the disease and design novel immune-oncology therapeutic strategies to overcome current barriers.
Einfluß von Erbsen (Pisum sativum L.) mit unterschiedlichen morphologischen Merkmalen in Reinsaat und Gemenge mit Hafer (Avena sativa L.) auf die Konkurrenz gegenüber Unkräutern

In einem zweijahrigen Feldversuch wurde der Einflus morphologischer Unterschiede bei vier Erbsensorten in Reinsaat und im Gemenge mit Hafer auf das Konkurrenzvermogen gegenuber Unkrautem untersucht. In den Bestanden erfolgte eine mechanische Unkrautbekampfung bis zum Schossen der Erbsen. Im weiteren Vegetationsverlauf wurde die Entwicklung der standorttypischen Unkrautarten zugelassen. Die Lichttransmission wurde an 11 (1995) bzw. 8 (1996) Terminen im Vegetationsverlauf in den Bestanden 2 cm uber der Bodenoberflache erfast. Die Lichttransmission der Erbsen-Reinsaaten erreichte in den starker beschattenden Sorten Werte von wenjger als 10%. Die zum Zeitpunkt 42 Tage nach Feldaufgang (BBCH 33) weniger Licht transmittierenden Erbsensorten waren wahrend spaterer Entwicklungsstadien der Erbsen deutlich geringer verunkrautet als die Sorten mit hoherer Lichttransmission. Der Korrelationskoeffizient zwischen Lichttransmission und gebildeter Unkrauttrockenmasse lag im ersten Versuchsjahr (1995) im Mittel bei r = 0,5. Halbblattlose Erbsensorten wiesen in der Regel eine hohere Lichttransmission als normalbeblatterte Erbsen auf. Jedoch konnen andere Merkmale, z. B. ein zugiges Keimlingswachstum und eine fruhe Sprosentwicklung auch bei halbblattlosen Sorten zu einer geringen Lichttransmission und vergleichsweise starken Unkrautunterdruckung fuhren. In den Hafer-Erbsen-Gemengen sank die Lichttransmission in der Anfangsentwicklung deutlich starker ab als in den Erbsen-Reinsaaten. Die Hafer-Erbsen-Gemenge hemmten das Unkrautwachstum wesentlich mehr als die gepruften Erbsensorten in Reinsaat.
Activity-dependent nucleation of dynamic microtubules at presynaptic boutons is required for neurotransmission

Control of microtubule (MT) dynamics is critical for neuronal function. Whether MT nucleation is regulated at presynaptic boutons and influences overall presynaptic activity remains unknown. By visualizing MT dynamics at individual excitatory en passant boutons in axons of hippocampal neurons we found that MTs preferentially grow from presynaptic boutons as a result of γ-tubulin and augmin-dependent nucleation. MT nucleation at boutons is promoted by neuronal activity, functionally coupled to synaptic vesicle (SV) transport, and required for neurotransmission. Hence, en passant boutons act as hotspots for activity-dependent MT nucleation, which is required for neurotransmission by providing the tracks for a rate-limiting supply of SVs to sites of neurotransmitter release. Highlights Excitatory boutons are hotspots for neuronal activity-induced γ-tubulin dependent MT nucleation The augmin complex is required for the correct polarity of presynaptic de novo nucleated MTs Presynaptic MT nucleation promotes SV motility and exocytosis at sites of release In Brief Our results demonstrate that excitatory en passant boutons are hotspots for neuronal activity-induced γ-tubulin- and augmin-dependent oriented MT nucleation, and that the resulting presynaptic de novo nucleated MTs promote inter-bouton SV motility which is rate-limiting for neurotransmitter release.
Çok Yönlü Ruderal Bir Tur: Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L) DC.

Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. Turkiye Florasinda 5 turle temsil edilen cok yillik, ruderal bir turdur. Turkiye Florasinda evrimsel olarak Sinapis ve Eruca cinsleri arasinda yer alir. Ic Anadolu, Marmara ve Karadeniz bolgelerinde, nadas alanlari, yol kenarlari ve surulmus topraklarda yaygin olarak yetismektedir. Ancak Ic Anadolu bolgesindeki step alanlarinda, bitki ortusunun cok yogun oldugu yerlerde bir varlik gosterememektedir. Vejetasyon donemi oldukca uzun olup Nisan- Kasim aylari arasindadir. Cicekleri hos kokulu, taban yapraklari genis rozet olusturan, kok sistemi kalin ve kuvvetlidir. Bu ozellikleri ile cicekcilikte, peyzaj calismalarinda, cim alanlari olusturmada, cim bitkisine alternatif olarak, aricilikta, heyelan ve erozyonu onlemede neredeyse sifir maliyetle kullanilabilecek bir bitkidir. Bu ozellikleri yaninda antifungal etkilidir ve taban yapraklari halk arasinda salata olarak kullanilmaktadir. Ekolojik yonden bitkinin rekabet gucu zayiftir. Step alanlarinda diger turlerle rekabet edemez fakat surulmus, kazilmis ve kendi haline birakilmis bos alanlarda cok iyi bir gelisme gosterir. Tohum sayisi cok fazla ve tohumlarin cimlenmesi kolay oldugu icin bu tip habitatlarda hizli bir gelisme gosterir. Genis taban yapraklariyla obekler halinde yetistigi ve ortu derecesi fazla oldugu icin kolayca baskin hale gecer. Kurakliga dayanikli ve her turlu habitatta yetisebildiginden ve fazla bakim gerektirmediginden cok dusuk bir maliyetle peyzaj calismalarinda kullanilabilir. Bitkinin diger bir onemi ise uzun suren vejetasyon donemi yaninda nektarli ve buna bagli olarak hos kokulu olmasi nedeniyle aricilik acisindan da onemli potansiyel bir bitki ozelligi tasimasidir. Bu ozelliklere sahip olan Diplotaxis tenuifolia, yabani bitki olarak degerlendirilip kampus alanlarinda, kuruluslarin cevresinde veya bos alanlarda peyzaj calismalarina yer acmak amaciyla sokulmek yerine, populasyonun devaminin saglanmasi buyuk onem tasimaktadir
Invasion origin, rapid population expansion, and the lack of genetic structure of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) in the Americas

Abstract In 2013, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was officially declared as present in Brazil and, after two years, the species was detected in the Caribbean and North America. Information on genetic features and accurate distribution of pests is the basis for agricultural protection policies. Furthermore, such knowledge is imperative to develop control strategies, understand the geographical range, and genetic patterns of this species in the Americas. Here, we carried out the widest sampling of H. armigera in the South American continent and Puerto Rico, after we estimated the diversity, demographic parameters, and genetic structure. The Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) nuclear marker was used to investigate the presence of putative hybrids between H. armigera and H. zea, and they were observed at a frequency of 1.5%. An ABC analysis, based in COI gene fragment, suggested Europe as the origin of South America specimens of H. armigeraand following a movement northward through the Caribbean. Three mtDNA genes and three nDNA markers revealed high genetic diversity distributed without the defined population structure of H. armigera in South America. Most of the genetic variation is within populations with a multidirectional expansion of H. armigera among morphoclimatic regions. High genetic diversity, rapid population expansion, and hybridization have implications for pest management since they suggest that adaptive alleles are spread through wide areas in South America that favor rapid local adaptation of H. armigera to new and disturbed environments (e.g., in agricultural areas).
Screening for genetic disorders in Indian Murrah and Surti buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls

Genetic disorders constitute a menacing threat whose consequences often become evident only after several generations of breeding, when short-term, low cost solutions are no longer possible. The present study involved screening of 135 buffaloes viz. Murrah buffalo (n=106) and Surti buffalo (n=29) bulls for autosomal recessive genetic disorders such as Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD), Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS), Bovine Citrullinemia (BC) and Factor XI Deficiency (FXID) using PCR based techniques. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood by High Salt Method and the fragments of genes of interest were amplified by PCR technique. The amplified PCR products were digested with TaqI, AvaI and AvaII restriction enzymes for BLAD, DUMPS, and BC, respectively. Bulls were screened for FXID based on PCR conformation. The screening of Murrah and Surti bulls revealed that none of the buffaloes screened were carrier for BLAD, DUMPS, BC and FXID.
Cornice Detection Using Façade Image and Point Cloud

puter vision. The Internet of things is another application for high resolution interpreted 3D scenes. According to LEBERL et al. (2012), information down to 3 cm resolution is needed for virtual navigation through urban spaces. Therefore, also the recognition of small details on building façades will be required for realistic models of the environment. LEBERL et al. (2012) derive large and highly detailed 3D models of urban spaces from various data sources. Aerial images are used to generate coarse building and landscape models, whereas laser scans and terrestrial images from mobile sensing platforms are employed for the determination of models with more detail. If these results can be merged with future results of automated approaches for the interpretation of façades such as HOHMANN et al. (2009), the combination will make automatic
LGOH-Based Discriminant Centre-Surround Saliency Detection

Discriminant saliency is a kind of decision-theoretic-based saliency detection method that has been proposed recently. Based on local gradient distribution, this paper proposes a simple but efficient discriminant centre-surround hypothesis, and builds local and global saliency models by combining multi-scale intensity contrast with colour and orientation features. This method makes three important contributions. First, a circular and multi-scale hierarchical centre-surround profile is designed for the local saliency detection. Secondly, the dense local gradient orientation histogram (LGOH) of the centre-surround region is counted and used for the local saliency analysis. And thirdly, a new integration strategy for the local and global saliency is proposed and applied to the final visual saliency discriminant. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with 12 state-of-the-art saliency detection models, the proposed method outperforms the others in precision-recall, F-measures and mean absolute error (MAE), and can produce a more complete salient object.
Chemical characterization of Syzygium guineense (Myrtaceae) stem bark extracts

Medicinal plants used in the folk medicine may be an interesting and largely unexplored source for the development of potential new compounds. This study reports on the Phytochemistry and anticancer activity of Syzygium guineense (Myrtaceae). S. guineense is a medicinal plant that is traditionally used by the Kipsigis and the Ogiek communities in Kenya in the management of various human diseases. Decoctions from the bark of this plant is reported to have been used as a purgative, anthelmintic, antituberculosis, anticancer and treatment of chest ailments. Cold extraction method was used to prepare the crude extracts which were later fractionated and purified using chromatographic techniques (TLC and CC). Two previously established compounds, β-Sitosterol and Betulinic acid, whose anticancer activity has been reported were isolated alongside fatty acids. This study gives a scientific basis for the use of the medicinal plant in the traditional folklore as an anticancer agent.
Response of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) emergence and competition with corn (Zea mays L.) to seed burial depth and mulch

ABSTRACT Common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) is a summer annual weed of the corn fields in the north-western parts of Iran. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to examine the seedling emergence and growth of common at different achene (seed) burial depths (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 cm) and wheat straw mulch amounts (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 ton ha-1). Results indicated that increasing achene burial depth and mulch amount reduced X. strumarium seedling emergence. In both years, no seedling emergence was observed from 18-cm achene burial depth. X. strumarium biomass and achene number per plant were affected by achene burial depth and mulch amount, and were greater in 2014 than in 2013. The corn leaf area index (LAI) and grain yield were higher in the treatments which deeper achene burial depth and mulch amount were high. Therefore, X. strumarium emergence in the corn can be suppressed by a tillage that buries the achenes to ≥18 cm of soil depth. Maintaining a thick residue cover will provide competitive advantage of corn over X. strumarium due to an inhibitory effect on X. strumarium emergence and growth and may lead to a reduction in the future weed infestation.
Molecular characterization of some fungi isolated from broiler chicken farms

The study was performed on 225 chicken (72 diseased and 153 freshly dead ones) from different 45commercial broiler farms (1- 30 days old) at Dakahlia Governorate for mycotic infection. Samples weretaken from these chickens (lung; air sac; crop; liver and brain from each chicken) after clinical andpostmortem examination for mycological examination. The results revealed that, fungi were isolatedfrom 503 positive samples (44.7%); represented as 119 positive samples (10.6%) from diseased chickensand 384 positive samples (34.1 %) from freshly dead ones.651 fungal isolates (moulds and yeasts) wereisolated from 1125 samples, where 219(33.6%) were isolated from lung samples followed by199(30.6%); 119(18.3%); 91(14.0%) and 23(3.5%) from air sac, liver, crop and brain samplesrespectively. Moreover, A. fumigatus was the most isolated one 141(21.7%) followed by A. flavus126(19.4%); A. niger 111(17.1%); Rhizopus spp. 67(10.3%); C. albicans 58(8.9%); Mucor spp.42(6.5%); Penicillium spp. 32(4.9%); A. terreus 20(3.1%); Fusarium spp.19 (2.9%); C. krusei 13(2.0%);C. tropicalis 9(1.4%); A. candidus 9(1.4%) and finally A. ochraceus 4(0.6%). PCR using fungus-specificuniversal primer pairs (ITS1 and ITS4) was used for identification and genotypic characters ofAspergillus species (A. fumigatus; A. flavus and A. niger). They were able to successfully amplify theITS1–5.8S rDNA region of all tested Aspergillus isolates, providing a single PCR product of about 600bp for all tested isolates PCR using fungus-specific universal primer pairs (ITS and RPS) was used foridentification and genotypic characters of C. providing a single PCR product of about 109 bp . Sequenceof the internal transcribed spacer 1 reigon (ITS-1) of isolated A. flavus Gene Bank accession numberfor studied nucleotide sequence (Bankit 1867303) is KM 983253. The sequences obtained for ITS-1region were more than 98% identical to the corresponding GenBank sequences (accession no.DQ467968.1; KC994648.1; LN482516.1 and KP689246.1). Sequence of the internal transcribed spacer1 region (ITS-1) of isolated C. albicans. Gene Bank accession number for studied nucleotide sequence(Bankit 1867955) is KM 983254. The sequences obtained for ITS-1 region obtained were more than95% identical to the corresponding GenBank (accession no. M87288.1; gb|S71769.1|S71769; emb(AL033396.1) and AP006852.1).
Tympanal Ears in Nyphalidae Butterflies: Morphological Diversity and Tests on the Function of Hearing

Several Nymphalidae butterflies possess a sensory structure called the Vogel’s organ (VO) that is proposed to function in hearing. However, little is known about the VO’s structure, taxonomic distribution or function. My first research objective was to examine VO morphology and its accessory structures across taxa. Criteria were established to categorize development levels of butterfly VOs and tholi. I observed that enlarged forewing veins are associated with the VOs of several species within two subfamilies of Nymphalidae. Further, I discovered a putative light/temperature-sensitive organ associated with the VOs of several Biblidinae species. The second objective was to test the hypothesis that insect ears function to detect bird flight sounds for predator avoidance. Neurophysiological recordings collected from moth ears show a clear response to flight sounds and chirps from a live bird in the laboratory. Finally, a portable electrophysiology rig was developed to further test this hypothesis in future field studies.