Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation and relatedness in grizzly bears in the Prudhoe Bay region and adjacent areas in northern Alaska

Abstract The Prudhoe Bay region of northern Alaska has large oil fields and hunting on adjacent lands, and there are concerns about potential effects on grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in this region. Because effects on grizzly bear populations may include loss of genetic variation, we assessed the genetic variation and family relationships among grizzly bears in this region as part of a long-term research and monitoring project. We determined genotypes at 14 microsatellite DNA loci for 78 bears from the Prudhoe Bay region from samples collected 1990–2002. The genetic data identified one or both potential parents of 33 offspring. Potential parent–offspring and siblings had pair-wise relatedness indices of approximately 0.5, as expected. The entire sample of related and unrelated bears in the Prudhoe Bay region had a mean pair-wise relatedness index of approximately zero. Approximately 5.3% of the bears had relatedness indices within the range of first-order relatives (parent–offspring or siblings). Genetic differentiation is low (Fst = 0.0225) among the bears in the Prudhoe Bay region and neighboring areas of the western Brooks Range and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Bears in the Prudhoe Bay region have a high level of genetic variation relative to some other areas in North America. High genetic variation and low relatedness among individual bears in the Prudhoe Bay region are probably maintained by a stable population size with gene flow across the North Slope of Alaska. Our data indicate that reduction of genetic variation in the grizzly bears in the Prudhoe Bay region is not presently a management concern.
Fire behavior in Mediterranean shrub species (Maquis)

The prediction of fire behavior in fire prone ecosystems is of vital importance in all phases of fire management including fire prevention, presuppression, suppression and fire use. This paper deals with an experimental burning exercise conducted in the Mediterranean region in Turkey. A series of 18 experimental fires were carried out in tall maquis fuels in Asar District, Antalya, southwestern Turkey. The site was selected for its structural homogeneity. But, there was an apparent variation in the fuel loadings in different plots. Weather conditions were within reasonable ranges during the burns. Wind speed ranged from 4.8 to 14.4 km h-1, relative humidity from 16 to 76% and air temperature from 23.7 to 36°C. Of the fire behavior characteristics, rate of spread ranged from 0.38 to 7.35 m min-1, fuel consumption from 1.57 to 3.05 kg m-2, and fire intensity from 188.72 to 5906.48 kW m-1. Rate of spread was related to wind speed, relative humidity, moisture content of live fuels and vegetation cover. Fuel consumption was related to fuel loading and wind speed, and fire intensity was related to wind speed, moisture contents of live fuels and mean vegetation height and vegetation cover. Results obtained in this study should be invaluable in fire management planning.
AN OPPORTUNISTIC SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE (SETI) WITH THE MURCHISON WIDEFIELD ARRAY

A spectral line image cube generated from 115 minutes of MWA data that covers a field of view of 400 sq, deg. around the Galactic Center is used to perform the first Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence (SETI) with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). Our work constitutes the first modern SETI experiment at low radio frequencies, here between 103 and 133 MHz, paving the way for large-scale searches with the MWA and, in the future, the low-frequency Square Kilometre Array. Limits of a few hundred mJy beam−1 for narrowband emission (10 kHz) are derived from our data, across our 400 sq. deg. field of view. Within this field, 45 exoplanets in 38 planetary systems are known. We extract spectra at the locations of these systems from our image cube to place limits on the presence of narrow line emission from these systems. We then derive minimum isotropic transmitter powers for these exoplanets; a small handful of the closest objects (10 s of pc) yield our best limits of order 1014 W (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power). These limits lie above the highest power directional transmitters near these frequencies currently operational on Earth. A SETI experiment with the MWA covering the full accessible sky and its full frequency range would require approximately one month of observing time. The MWA frequency range, its southern hemisphere location on an extraordinarily radio quiet site, its very large field of view, and its high sensitivity make it a unique facility for SETI.
Density-dependent foraging behaviour of sheep on alpine pastures: effects of scale

Foraging patterns of large herbivores may give important clues as to why their life history varies depending on population density. In this landscape-scale experiment, domestic sheep Ovis aries were kept at high (80 sheep km � 2 ) and low (25 sheep km � 2 ) population densities during summer in high mountain pastures in Hol, Norway. We predicted an increasing use of less preferred plant species or habitat types with increasing sheep population density. Foraging behaviour was investigated by direct observations of individually marked sheep on different spatial scales, and diet composition was also assessed with microhistological analysis of faecal samples from known individuals. We found that the effects of density on foraging behaviour depended on scale and were only detected at the scale of diet choice. Use of the common grass species Deschampsia flexuosa, which provided the bulk forage (10–65% of the diet), remained constant throughout the season at low densities, but increased significantly over time at high densities. On a coarser spatial scale, neither within vegetation type nor between vegetation types, selection was affected by density, but vegetation type selection differed depending on whether the sheep were grazing or resting. Our study provides evidence of density dependence in foraging behaviour, but only at the finest spatial scale (diet choice).
The Deffuant model on Z with higher-dimensional opinion spaces

When it comes to the mathematical modelling of social interaction pat- terns, a number of dierent models have emerged and been studied over the last decade, in which individuals randomly interact on the basis of an underlying graph structure and share their opinions. A prominent example of the so-called bounded condence models is the one introduced by Deuant
First Normative Reference of Standing Long Jump Indicates Gender Difference in Lower Muscular Strength of Macedonian School Children

Background: This is the first study to publish the normative reference values for assessment of the level of muscular strength through the “standing long jump” test carried out on a large sample of Macedonian school children. The normative values encompass a wide span of years (6 - 18). Methods: The research was realized in a large sample of 12618 school children at the age of 6 to 18 years from Macedonia. The sample was divided in 14 groups, according to chronological age and each age group was divided into two subgroups according to the criteria of gender. For estimation of the morphologic characteristics, the following anthropometric measures have been applied: body height in standing position (cm), body weight (kg), as well as the body mass index (BMI). Children aged 6 or above were invited to take a standing long jump test. Results: Boys show statistically better results in all age categories in the standing long jump test than girls, and these differences become bigger with the increase of age, especially after the 14th year (p
Banding Patterns of Three Leafcutter Ant Species of the Genus Atta (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) and Chromosomal Inferences

Abstract Among Neotropical ants, the genera Acromyrmex and Atta are of great importance because they include the major agricultural pest species. Regarding the genus Atta, considered one of the most derived of the tribe Attini, cytogenetic data exists for 5 taxa that present 2n = 22 chromosomes; however, information regarding banding patterns is only available for Atta colombica. Cytogenetics has contributed to several aspects related to the family Formicidae, in particular to the understanding of its evolution. Therefore, the aim of this study was to increase the cytogenetic data on Atta sexdens rubropilosa, Atta laevigata and Atta bisphaerica belonging to populations in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The 3 species were characterized as having 2n = 22 chromosomes with a karyotypic formula of 2n = 18m + 2sm + 2st. Using the C-banding technique, small heterochromatic markings were observed in the centromeres of most of the chromosomes. The presence of GC-rich blocks in the interstitial region on the long arm of the fourth pair of metacentric chromosomes was indicated by CMA3 fluorochrome. The data from this study enabled a comparison with Acromyrmex striatus, a phylogenetically close species possessing the same chromosome number as the Atta species studied in this work, although clear differences were evident in the morphologies of 2 chromosome pairs and in the distribution and composition of heterochromatin. These results show the constancy of the chromosome number, morphology and banding pattern for the species studied, highlighting the importance of measuring the chromosomes to enable accurate comparison and using banding techniques to compare species of genera with a conserved chromosome number.
Investigation of the Flame Structure of Spray-A Using the Transported Probability Density Function

An n-dodecane spray (Spray A) injected into a high-pressure and high-temperature combustion vessel at typical diesel engine conditions is investigated using the transported probability density function (TPDF) method. The Lagrangian Monte Carlo method is used to treat the TPDF equation. The unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) k-ε turbulence model is used to provide the turbulence information to the TPDF solver. The micro-mixing term is closed by the Euclidean minimum spanning trees (EMST) model. A reduced chemical mechanism with 88 species is implemented. The spray is treated by a traditional Lagrangian discrete phase model. The cool flame structure (CH2O) together with the high temperature reaction zone (OH) are examined at different ambient temperatures and ambient oxygen conditions, and compared with the available experimental results from 355 nm planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and OH PLIF. A good agreement has been found for some of these measurements, while agreement for others leaves room for improvement.
Seed-borne Fungi of the Afromontane Tree Species Podocarpus falcatus and Prunus africana in Ethiopia

This thesis is comprised of four studies regarding seed-borne fungi of the afromontane forest trees, Podocarpus falcatus (Thunb. Mirb.) and Prunus africana (Hook. F.) Kalkman, in Ethiopia. Based on morphology and molecular data from the rDNA (ITS) region, a diverse group of mainly Ascomycota, some Basidiomycota and a few Zygomycota were identified. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequences revealed several clades differentiated according to the host. Some of these fungi were previously reported as seed-borne pathogens from other parts of the world. More fungi were isolated from P. falcatus than from P. africana. Four Botryosphaeria spp. , three of them from P. falcatus and one from P. africana were identified. The Botryosphaeria sp. from P. africana was a previously undescribed species and named Diplodia rosulata sp. nov. One of the three Botryosphaeria spp. from P. falcatus was identified as B. parva while the other two were previously undescribed Botryosphaeria spp. with Diplodia and Dothiorella anamorphs. Botryosphaeria parva was previously identified as a major cause of Botryosphaeria stem canker on Eucalyptus plantations in Ethiopia and elsewhere. The implications of the occurrence of B. parva both on native and exotic tree species were discussed. Based on seed and seedling inoculation tests on P. falcatus, five categories of fungi ranging from strong pathogens to germination promoters were identified. Among the tested fungi, Fusarium oxysporum and Polyporus sp. were strongly pathogenic and caused both seed rotting and seedling damping-off, while Diaporthe sp. Po21 and Diaporthe sp. Po84 promoted seed germination. Dual culture tests among seed-borne fungi of P. falcatus on 2 % malt extract agar resulted in deadlock or replacement interactions. Co-inoculation of seeds with two germination promoters and six pathogenic isolates resulted in improved germination in some of the combinations. Bioassay tests with HPLC fractions of culture filtrates of the two germination promoting Diaporthe spp. indicated antifungal activity against F. oxysporum and Ulocladium chartarum. From these studies it was concluded that different groups of fungi could be associated with seeds of forest trees. There are still many undescribed fungal species that may impact forest establishment and development. Therefore, more investigations are necessary in these areas.
Clinicopathological study of mastectomy specimens in tertiary hospital

Introduction: Breast cancer is by far the most frequent cancer in females and is second overall next only to lung. Aims and Objectives: To study the breast lesions in simple mastectomy and MRM specimens. To classify the breast lesions and study them with age, clinical presentation and various pathological parameters. Methodology: A 3 years retrospective cross-sectional study of all the mastectomy specimens received in the department of pathology from Jan 2012 to Dec 2015. The sections were retrieved and diagnosis were confirmed. The necessary clinical data was collected from the record sections. Results: Out of 73 mastectomy specimens studied 63 cases of Malignant lesions were found in MRM, 07 cases of malignant lesions in simple mastectomy and only 03 benign lesions were found. 52% cases were in the age group of 41-50 yrs and 54.80% lesions involving the left breast. Only 23.70% cases were fixed to the underlying structures and only 41% cases with lymphnode involvement. 70.72% cases were of IDC and 73.74% were Grade II lesions. Conclusion: In our study maximum number of cases were diagnosed and treated at an earlier stage of malignancy that indicates the early awareness of breast lumps.
Random Forest-Based Approach for Physiological Functional Variable Selection: Towards Driver’s Stress Level Classification

: This paper is devoted to a statistical physiological functional variable selection for driver’s stress level classi-ﬁcation using random forests. Indeed, this study focuses on humans physiological changes, produced when driving in different urban routes, captured using portable sensors. Speciﬁcally, the electrodermal activity measured on two different locations: hand and foot, electromyogram, heart rate and respiration of ten driving experiments in three types of routes: rest area, city, and highway driving issued from drivedb database, available online on the PhysioNet website. Several studies were achieved on driver’s stress level recognition using physiological signals. Classically, researchers extract expert-based features from physiological signals and select the most relevant ones for stress level recognition. This work provides a random forest-based method for the selection of physiological functional variables in order to classify the driver’s stress level. On the methodological side, the contributions of this work are to consider physiological signals as functional variables, decomposed on wavelet basis and to offer a procedure of variable selection. On the applied side, the proposed method provides a ”blind” procedure of driver’s stress level classiﬁcation performing as the expert-based study in terms of misclassiﬁcation rate. It offers moreover a ranking of physiological variables according to their importance in stress level classiﬁcation. The obtained results suggest that electromyogram and heart rate signals are not very relevant when compared to the electro-dermal and the respiration signals.
Correlation between Dental Caries and Salivary Albumin in Adult Indian Population–An In Vivo Study

Aim: To analyze the relationship between dental caries, albumin in young adults between the age group of 20 to 30 years from South Canara district, Karnataka with varying caries experience as determined by their caries progression Methods and Materials: Eighty subjects from the outpatient department ranging between 20 to 30 years of age were screened and evaluated for their caries experience. Based on their level of caries a total of 80 subjects were selected and divided into four groups of 20 subjects each as follows; Group 1: enamel caries, Group 2: dentinal caries, Group 3: pulpal caries, Group 4: control group. The saliva was collected and analyzed for the presence of albumin levels in saliva and correlated to the same levels in serum. The statistical analysis was done using one way ANOVA test. Results: According to the present study there is an increase in the levels of caries with decrease in the levels of albumin. Serum albumin levels were also found to be decreased in caries prone individuals, hence showing a significant correlation between serum and salivary albumin levels. Original Research Article Research.Arti cle British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(25): 4238-4244, 2014 4239 Conclusions: In the present study we found an inverse relationship between the levels of albumin in saliva and dental caries confirming the importance of albumin levels in inhibiting caries progression. Besides a correlation was also found between the levels of albumin in saliva and serum. Hence it can be used as a biochemical indicator in evaluating the susceptibility of caries.
Immunotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors for gliomas

Glioma treatments are faced with challenges, including the inability to fully eliminate cancer stem cells, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and the blood brain barrier. Although progress has been made with surgical, radiation, and chemotherapies, prognosis for patients remains poor. Rapidly emerging immunotherapies may be able to address the challenges that conventional techniques cannot. Immunotherapies manipulate the patient’s immune system to selectively combat malignancies. Therapies often work to enhance T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell function, which can both eliminate tumor cells and enhance remission. Vaccines encourage in vivo development of anti-tumor T-cells and NK cells, while adoptive transfer techniques focus on engineering immune cells ex vivo before reintroducing them to patients. Vaccine and adoptive transfer therapies have been shown to induce enhanced immune responses in patients but have not always correlated with improved outcomes, likely because of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Checkpoint inhibitors can impair these tumor immunosuppressive capabilities. Although no one treatment has been able to consistently eliminate gliomas and maintain remission, combinations of vaccines or adoptive transfer techniques in conjunction with immune checkpoint inhibitors offers promise.
The Ethical Import of Entheogens

DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC001924 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu. edu/etd Part of the Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons, Metaphysics Commons, Other Religion Commons, Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, Theory and Philosophy Commons, and the Transpersonal Psychology Commons
The diversity of body composition, body proportions and strength abilities of female judokas in different weight categories

Background Athletes who belong to the same weight category do not have to possess the identical body build and body composition, since body mass consists of a number of different components. The aim of the study was to find out weather female judokas in different weight categories varied regard to the contributions of particular body components, relative size characterizing musculature and skeletal massiveness and also strength abilities. Material & Methods: The study material consisted of results of anthropological and body composition measurements of 50 female judo competitors, aged 16-20 years, included in the three weight divisions adopted in judo (lightweight, middleweight, heavyweight). The different anthropometric indices were calculated and the somatotypes according to Sheldon’s typology as modified by Heath and Carter were determined. The body composition was also examined with the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis. The athletes’ handgrip strength was also measured. Results: The examined female judokas in the lightweight, middleweight and heavyweight categories differed from each other not only in terms of their body mass but also in a number of somatic features. The BIA showed that the heavyweight competitors had higher body fat mass and more massive body build than their counterparts from the two other weight categories. Also the SANOVA revealed significant differences between the somatotypes of judokas in various weight categories. The middleweight judokas had the greatest absolute handgrip strength despite the fact that they had medium content of muscle mass. Conclusions: The analyzed weight categories of female judokas differed in body massiveness, fatness and musculature. It can be stated that the division of competitors into weight categories is fully justified in martial arts such as judo. The increase in body mass occurs mainly through the increase in fat mass, while muscle mass and skeletal robustness have little impact on excessive body mass. The handgrip strength in female judokas is not strictly depend on the contribution of muscle mass.
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

This study employs the ordinary least square regression analysis to examine the impact of human capital development on economic growth of Nigeria, using annual time series date from 1981 to 2015. The empirical results show that human capital development has significant impact on economic growth, as proxy by the gross domestic product. In line with theory, the human capital development indicators namely secondary school enrolment, tertiary school enrolment, total government expenditure on health and total government expenditure on education exhibit positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth of Nigeria which implies that these indicators are indispensable in the achievement of growth in the Nigerian economy. However, life expectancy and primary school enrolment exhibit a negative and statistically insignificant impact on economic growth of Nigeria. The study concluded that the Nigerian government should ensure to allocate adequate resources for the development of human capital in order to enhance economic growth in Nigeria. The study also recommended that going forward the government and policy makers should increase its total expenditure on education, ensure sufficient budgetary allocation on health expenditure, and ensure a standard is set across all secondary and tertiary institutions in the country so that proper human capital required for any individual to become productive and economic growth is enhanced