Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of cephalosporins for gonorrhea: the impending problem of resistance

Gonorrhea remains an important clinical and public health problem throughout the world. Gonococcal infections have historically been diagnosed by Gram stain and culture but are increasingly diagnosed through nucleic acid tests, thereby eliminating the opportunity for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Gonococcal infections are typically treated with single-dose therapy with an agent found to cure > 95% of cases. Unfortunately, the gonococcus has repeatedly developed resistance to antimicrobials including sulfonamides, penicillin, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. This has now left third-generation cephalosporins as the lone class of antimicrobials recommended as first-line therapy for gonorrhea in some regions. However, resistance to oral third-generation cephalosporins has emerged and spread in Asia, Australia and elsewhere. The mechanism of this resistance seems to be associated with a mosaic penicillin binding protein (penA) in addition to other chromosomal mutations previously found to confer resistance to β-lactam antimicrobials (ponA, mtrR, penB, pilQ). Few good options exist or are in development for treating cephalosporin-resistant isolates, as most have had multidrug resistance. Preventing the spread of resistant isolates will depend on ambitious antimicrobial management programs, strengthening and expanding surveillance networks, and through effective sexually transmitted disease control and prevention.
Periodontitis and oral health

To enjoy from an effective and efficient oral health care and its required guidelines, a modern population should have an in-depth understanding of the disease impact. Periodontitis is one the most significant causes of bone loss and its relationship with some systematic conditions has been approved. The aim of the present article was to evaluate extensively the effect of health status and oral abnormalities on life quality. Scant attention, however, has been paid to the periodontitis impact on life quality. The study is a summary of researches conducted on the effect of periodontitis on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Related studies were gathered after searches made in Medline and PubMed electronic databases. Then, topic, abstracts, and data extraction were investigated. Most related studies reported the negative effect of periodontitis on OHRQoL. However, the reported standards were not similar in various studies. Moreover, most studies were conducted in developed countries.
Identification of the window period for oxidative stress intervention

A window period was proposed for oxidative stress attenuating intervention, which explained controversial results from using an anti-oxidation treatment in chronic disease prevention. In this study, a method is reported for identifying the WPOS using a NIDDM diabetes animal model when using any single oxidative stress biomarker. Abnormal oxidative stress was initiated using streptozotocin, and the concentration of TBARS in plasma was used as the biomarker. The results confirmed the existence of WPOS and revealed a very easy way to identify it. Key words: Oxidative stress, WPOS, diabetes.
The ECG in the evaluation of pacemaker function and diagnosis of malfunction

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Increasing Physical Activity Among African-American Women and Girls

The benefits of physical activity on diseases and risk factors are well known. Despite the known benefits, many segments of the population, particularly African-American women and girls, do not obtain adequate levels of physical activity. Strategies are needed to identify successful and sustainable interventions to increase physical activity among this population. We reviewed literature published between 2007 and 2009 that focused on increasing physical activity or fitness among this population. We identified 37 studies, 11 of which focused on increasing physical activity. This article summarizes the findings from those 11 studies and provides recommendations for improving strategies to increase physical activity in African-American women and girls.
Optomotor palsies in pituitary apoplexy

Optomotor palsy in pituitary adenomas is normally rare. Contrary to this, pituitary apoplexy presents in nearly 100% with ophthalmoplegia or a combination of various optomotor nerve palsies. Acute hemorrhage or ischemic infarction in a previously mostly unknown pituitary adenoma leads to sudden enlargement of the tumor. When the adenoma is growing slowly, the optomotor nerves seem able to adapt to the stretching without neurologic deficit, while a chiasmal syndrome may occur. Sudden, ‘apoplectic’ enlargement, however, is characterized first of all by oculomotor nerve deficit, followed by lesions of the abducens nerve, and the trochlear nerve with less frequency. Surgical decompression is required within two weeks, and provides a good prognosis for recovery of the neuro-ophthalmologic lesions.
Attitudes towards the use of hand over mouth (HOM) and physical restraint amongst paediatric specialist practitioners in the UK.

PURPOSE To assess the views of paediatric specialist dental practitioners in the United Kingdom of the use of the hand over mouth technique and physical restraint. METHODS Questionnaire survey of all specialist dental practitioners in paediatric dentistry in the United Kingdom (n = 216). Replies were received from 179 individuals (82.8%). RESULTS The majority of the sample (over 80%) described HOM as having three components, broadly mirroring the description of the technique in clinical textbooks. Approximately 60% of the respondents reported that HOM should never be used (106 individuals, 59.2%). Those who endorsed the use of HOM suggested it should be used with cases of hysterical, tantrum behaviour (57 respondents, 32%). The use of physical restraint was endorsed for certain disabled patients by 110 individuals (62%); for very young patients by 69 respondents (39%); premedicated patients by 35 respondents (20%); physically resistive patients by 25 respondents (14%). Forty-three respondents (24%) felt there were no psychological consequences of the use of HOM or physical restraint; 91 (51%) felt that HOM would result in the child fearing dental treatment. CONCLUSIONS Specialist paediatric dental practitioners in the UK are familiar with the technique of HOM although they also feel that this technique should never be used. A large proportion of practitioners felt that the use of physical restraint was appropriate with certain disabled patients. The most commonly anticipated psychological sequeala which may accompany the use of these techniques was subsequent fear of dental treatment.
Effects of Catechin-Ingestion and Heat Stress on the Maximum Isometric Force in Knee Extension, the Volume of Quadriceps Muscle, and Serum Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances Level in Healthy Elderly Women

Background: Sarcopenia, is a major concern for our aged society because sarcopenia is a fundamental cause of frailty and functional disability. Aim: The effects of catechin-ingestionp and/or heat treatment on the volume in quadriceps muscles, isometric force of knee extension, and serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were investigated in healthy elderly women. Methods: Subjects (71.0 ± 0.7 years old, n=27) were divided into 3 groups; 1) catechin-ingested, 2) heatstressed, and 3) catechin-ingestion with heat stressed (catechin+heat) groups. Subjects in both catechin-ingested and catechin+heat groups daily ingested 350 ml of green tea containing 540 mg of catechin in one hour for 10 weeks. Heat stress was applied on the quadriceps muscles for 8 hours a day and 4 days a week by using two heat- and steam generating sheets. Results: In catechin+heat group, muscle volume (Pre: 670 ± 38.7 cm2, Post: 676 ± 37.2 cm2) and maximal isometric force (Pre: 25.8 ± 2.5 kg, Post: 27.0 ± 2.5 kg) were significantly increased by the 10-week of treatment (p<0.05), but not in catechin-ingested and heat-stressed groups. The time of Timed-Get-Up-and-Go test (TUG), which is widely used to measure sit-to-stand performance, in both catechin-ingested (Pre: 6.70 ± 0.33 s and Post: 6.19 ± 0.28 s) and catechin+heat (Pre: 6.49 ± 0.30 s and Post: 5.95 ± 0.24 s) groups in catechin-ingested group; was significantly shortened by the treatment (p<0.05). Following 10-week of the treatment, serum TBARS levels in both catechin ingested (Pre: 29.06 ± 1.32 nmol/ml, Post: 24.47 ± 2.30 nmol/ml) and catechin+heat (Pre: 29.84 ± 1.57 nmol/ml, Post: 23.92 ± 0.98 nmol/ml) groups were significantly decreased (p<0.05), but not in heat group. Conclusions: Evidences suggest that catechin-ingestion with heat stress might improve impaired muscle function of elderly women.
Extended Boolean information retrieval

In conventional information retrieval Boolean combinations of index terms are used to formulate the users'' information requests. While any document is in principle retrievable by a Boolean query, the amount of output obtainable by Boolean processing is difficult to control, and the retrieved items are not ranked in any presumed order of importance to the user population. In the vector processing model of retrieval, the retrieved items are easily ranked in decreasing order of the query-record similarity, but the queries themselves are unstructured and expressed as simple sets of weighted index terms. A new, extended Boolean information retrieval system is introduced which is intermediate between the Boolean system of query processing and the vector processing model. The query structure inherent in the Boolean system is preserved, while at the same time weighted terms may be incorporated into both queries and stored documents; the retrieved output can also be ranked in strict similarity order with the user queries. A conventional retrieval system can be modified to make use of the extended system. Laboratory tests indicate that the extended system produces better retrieval output than either the Boolean or the vector processing systems.
Health Professionals Training in the Era of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (P.L. 111-148): Educating to Meet Workforce Demands

The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (P.L. 111-148) (PPACA) heralds new challenges for the education of health professionals and the development of a healthcare workforce primed to meet the influx of previously marginalized populations into healthcare systems. Changes in insurance coverage and mechanisms coupled with the focus on preventive care will require a healthcare workforce skilled in navigation, care coordination, ambulatory care models, and care for underserved populations. This dissertation is comprised of three studies that examine the current state of education for two professions impacted by the PPACA: social workers and physicians. The first study, a systematic review of accredited MSW programs (n=200), was undertaken to investigate the level of healthrelated preparation provided by social work training program. Bivariate statistics and logistic regression models revealed that of the 200 programs, only 13 (6.5%) offer targeted health concentrations (HC). Controlling for university-level characteristics, university size (β=1.69, p < .001) and presence of an MPH program (β=2.0, p<.0001) were associated with having a HC. The second study focused on education of medical students to meet PPACA stipulations of community-based training and graduates who go on to provide primary care. Using a grounded theory framework, 468 written assignments from a community-based experience were examined. Five domains emerged. Themes reflected a continuum of students' abilities to understand the experiences and perspectives of community members and communicate their understanding. The third manuscript examined resident experiences (N=22) in underserved communities through the lens of curricular requirements of community-based training. The assessment tool was found to have good reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the scales in the assessment tool ranging from 0.88 to 0.95. Significant differences in preand posteducational intervention mean scores were found. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Social Welfare First Advisor Joan K. Davitt This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/528
Raising the Profile of Depression in the Workplace

The prevalence of depression in the Australian workforce is unknown. Epidemiological surveys (e.g., the National Health Survey and National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing) do not routinely include a depression scale and within the mental health field, few studies focus on depression and employment groups specifically. Although the inclusion of a direct measure of depression in national surveys is preferable, the prevalence of depression may be inferred from short screening scales of general mental health. In this paper, scores on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) for a sample of employed persons were mapped onto the CES-D (Iowa) measure of depression. The results of this study indicate that the recommended GHQ-12 cut-off point is appropriate for estimating work-related depression prevalence. However, the cut-off point on the K10 (the short-scale currently used in Australian national surveys) may need to be substantially reduced if scores on the K10 are to be used to identify workers at risk of depression. The routine inclusion of a direct depression measure in national surveys is recommended, particularly considering the number of employed persons in Australia and large proportion of the sample classified as depressed in this study.
The effect of physiotherapy input on mobility skills of elderly people with severe dementing illness

This study is part of an investigation into whether the provision of physiotherapy input improves or maintains mobility skills in elderly people with a dementing illness. Sixteen subjects were randomly allocated to either physiotherapy treatment followed by a no-treatment phase or vice versa. Ages ranged from 65 to 91 years. All subjects were severely demented. Physiotherapy input comprised music and movement groups, body awareness and functional mobility training. Each subject was videod and their mobility scored independently by three experienced physiotherapists. In comparison with the end of the control phase, the treatment phase showed a significant improvement (p=0.043). These results encourage a positive management approach to elderly people with severe dementing illness and justify larger-scale trials.
Jogging biomechanics after exercise in individuals with ACL-reconstructed knees.

PURPOSE Return to recreational activity is a common goal for the clinician and patient after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and structured rehabilitation. Decreased peak knee flexion angle and external knee flexion moment during walking and jogging have been indicated as significant contributors to cartilage degeneration over time after knee joint injury. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the effects of 30 min of exercise on knee joint kinetics and kinematics in participants with a history of ACLR. METHODS ACLR participants (n = 20, 9 females and 11 males) and healthy controls (n = 23, 11 females and 12 males) participated in an observational laboratory study. Gait analysis was performed on all subjects before and after a 30-min exercise protocol. Sagittal and frontal plane kinematics and kinetics were measured in the involved limb in the ACLR group and compared with healthy control participants across the gait cycle using 90% confidence intervals. Significant differences between groups were established as a consecutive 3% of the gait cycle in which 90% confidence interval did not overlap. RESULTS Preexercise, ACLR participants were more hip flexed with higher magnitude external hip flexion moments and lower magnitude external knee flexion moments during the stance phase compared with healthy controls. ACLR participants experienced preexercise to postexercise declines in hip flexion angle and external hip flexion moment along with increases in external knee flexion moment when compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Exercise-related adaptations in hip and knee biomechanics are different in individuals with a history ACLR when compared with healthy controls despite a return to recreational activity. The biomechanical response to fatiguing exercise observed in this investigation may provide insight into one potential source of elevated knee injury risk and reduced long-term knee joint health after ACLR.
Impact of knee modeling approach on indicators and classification of anterior cruciate ligament injury risk.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine whether using a direct kinematic (DK) or inverse kinematic (IK) modeling approach could influence the estimation of knee joint kinematics, kinetics, and ACL injury risk classification during unanticipated side cutting. METHODS The three-dimensional motion and force data of 34 amateur Australian rules footballers conducting unanticipated side-cutting maneuvers were collected. The model used during the DK modeling approach was an eight-segment lower body model with the hip, knee, and ankle free to move in six degrees of freedom. During the IK modeling approach, the same eight-segment model was used; however, translational constraints were imposed on the hip, knee, and ankle joints. The similarity between kinematic and kinetic waveforms was evaluated using the root mean square difference (RMSD) and the one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM1D). The classification of an athlete's ACL injury risk was determined by correlating their peak knee moments with a predefined injury risk threshold. RESULTS The greatest RMSD occurred in the frontal plane joint angles (RMSD = 10.86°) and moments (RMSD = 0.67 ± 0.18 N·m·kg(-1)), which were also shown to be significantly different throughout the stance phase in the SPM1D analysis. Both DK and IK modeling approaches classified the same athletes as being at risk of ACL injury. CONCLUSIONS The choice of a DK or an IK modeling approach affected frontal plane estimates of knee joint angles and peak knee moments during the weight acceptance phase of unanticipated side cutting. However, both modeling approaches were similar in their classification of an athlete's ACL injury risk.
Aerobic and strength training in concomitant metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

PURPOSE Concomitant type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome exacerbates mortality risk; yet, few studies have examined the effect of combining (AER + RES) aerobic (AER) and resistance (RES) training for individuals with T2D and metabolic syndrome. METHODS We examined AER, RES, and AER + RES training (9 months) commensurate with physical activity guidelines in individuals with T2D (n = 262; 63% female, 44% black). Primary outcomes were change in, and prevalence of, metabolic syndrome score at follow-up (mean and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Secondary outcomes included maximal cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) and estimated METs from time-to-exhaustion (TTE) and exercise efficiency calculated as the slope of the line between ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation, and maximal fitness. General linear models and bootstrapped Spearman correlations were used to examine changes in metabolic syndrome associated with training primary and secondary outcome variables. RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in metabolic syndrome scores (P for trend = 0.003) for AER (-0.59, 95% CI = -1.00 to -0.21) and AER + RES (-0.79, 95% CI = -1.40 to -0.35), both being significant (P ≤ 0.02) versus control (0.26, 95% CI = -0.58 to 0.40) and RES (-0.13, 95% CI = -1.00 to 0.24). This led to a reduction in metabolic syndrome prevalence for the AER (56% vs 43%) and AER + RES (55% vs 46%) groups between baseline and follow-up. The observed decrease in metabolic syndrome was mediated by significant improvements in exercise efficiency for the AER and AER + RES training groups (P < 0.05), which was more strongly related to TTE (25%-30%; r = -0.38, 95% CI = -0.55 to -0.19) than VO2peak (5%-6%; r = -0.24, 95% CI = -0.45 to -0.01). CONCLUSIONS AER and AER + RES training significantly improved metabolic syndrome scores and prevalence in patients with T2D. These improvements appear to be associated with improved exercise efficiency and are more strongly related to improved TTE versus VO2peak.
Data mining with differential privacy

We consider the problem of data mining with formal privacy guarantees, given a data access interface based on the differential privacy framework. Differential privacy requires that computations be insensitive to changes in any particular individual's record, thereby restricting data leaks through the results. The privacy preserving interface ensures unconditionally safe access to the data and does not require from the data miner any expertise in privacy. However, as we show in the paper, a naive utilization of the interface to construct privacy preserving data mining algorithms could lead to inferior data mining results. We address this problem by considering the privacy and the algorithmic requirements simultaneously, focusing on decision tree induction as a sample application. The privacy mechanism has a profound effect on the performance of the methods chosen by the data miner. We demonstrate that this choice could make the difference between an accurate classifier and a completely useless one. Moreover, an improved algorithm can achieve the same level of accuracy and privacy as the naive implementation but with an order of magnitude fewer learning samples.
Functional overreaching: the key to peak performance during the taper?

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to examine whether performance supercompensation during taper is maximized in endurance athletes after experiencing overreaching during an overload training (OT) period. METHODS Thirty-three trained male triathletes were assigned to either OT (n = 23) or normal training groups (n = 10, CTL) during 8 wk. Cycling performance and maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) were measured after 1 wk of moderate training, a 3-wk period of OT, and then each week during 4-wk taper. RESULTS Eleven of the 23 subjects from the OT group were diagnosed as functionally overreached (F-OR) after the overload period (decreased performance with concomitant high perceived fatigue), whereas the 12 other subjects were only acutely fatigued (AF) (no decrease in performance). According to qualitative statistical analysis, the AF group demonstrated a small to large greater peak performance supercompensation than the F-OR group (2.6% ± 1.1%) and the CTL group (2.6% ± 1.6%). V˙O2max increased significantly from baseline at peak performance only in the CTL and AF groups. Of the peak performances, 60%, 83%, and 73% occurred within the two first weeks of taper in CTL, AF, and OR, respectively. Ten cases of infection were reported during the study with higher prevalence in F-OR (70%) than that in AF (20%) and CTL (10%). CONCLUSION This study showed that 1) greater gains in performance and V˙O2max can be achieved when higher training load is prescribed before the taper but not in the presence of F-OR; 2) peak performance is not delayed during taper when heavy training loads are completed immediately prior; and 3) F-OR provides higher risk for training maladaptation, including increased infection risks.