Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obesity, albuminuria and hypertension among Hong Kong Chinese with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

A total of 412 Hong Kong Chinese diabetic patients were studied on at least two occasions 8-16 weeks apart. Although 28% were insulin-treated, only 3.6% had insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM). In the remaining 397 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), the mean (s.d.) body mass index (BMI) was 24.4 +/- 3.2 kg/m2 in females and 24.2 +/- 3.2 kg/m2 in males. Obesity was present in 17% of males (BMI > 27 kg/m2) and 40% of females (BMI > 25 kg/m2). Established hypertension was present in 49%. Abnormal albuminuria, defined as a mean urinary albumin/creatinine (UA/Cr) ratio greater than 5.4 mg/mmol based on two random spot urine samples, was present in 47%. On stepwise multiple regression analysis, UA/Cr ratio (R2 = 0.34, F = 65.4, P < 0.001) showed significant associations with systolic blood pressure (standardized regression coefficient beta = 0.40, P < 0.001), plasma creatinine concentration (beta = 0.27, P < 0.001) and glycosylated haemoglobin (beta = 0.20, P < 0.001). While the prevalence of hypertension increased with increasing severity of proteinuria, 40% of normoalbuminuric patients had hypertension. Among patients diagnosed before the age of 35 (n = 67), 52% were insulin-treated although only 10% were insulin-dependent. Among these NIDDM patients of young onset (n = 59), obesity was present in 25% of males and 56% of females. Overall, 18% of these patients had a blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg and 27% had abnormal albuminuria. In Hong Kong Chinese, diabetes mellitus is predominantly non-insulin-dependent even in the young. Obesity is more prevalent among females. Abnormal albuminuria is relatively common and is closely associated with hypertension and glycaemic control. In the light of increasing prevalence of diabetes among overseas Chinese, our findings may have important implications in the management of Chinese diabetic patients.
'Fun and surveillance': the paradox of high commitment management in call centres

Much of the research into telephone call centres has focused on the coercive employment systems which are adopted in these organizations. This appears to contrast with the high levels of customer service and satisfaction which are often required for them to be successful. Our research, which is based on two case studies of call centres studied in depth, challenges this 'satanic mills' image. We explore the ways in which both companies sought to balance the pressures in the product and labour markets and employee needs to develop strategies which combined elements of commitment and control. They developed sophisticated human resource practices, which resembled the high commitment management approach, while, at the same time, maintaining a highly controlled and measured work environment. Consequently, there was a greater alignment between their HR practices and control systems, the needs of employees and the high quality of interactions with customers expected. This suggests that high commitment practices are not automatically associated with extensive employee discretion, as has been argued in the manufacturing sector. HR practices of this kind can be used to offset some of the worst features of call centre working. These findings illustrate the variety of HR practices in call centres and suggest some possible reasons for this diversity.
The efficacy and safety of ECT in depressed older adults: a literature review

Although little doubt exists among practising clinicians in old age psychiatry about the efficacy and safety of ECT in depression, opinions about acceptability differ widely. The objectives of this review were to determine the efficacy and safety of ECT based on both randomised and non‐randomised evidence in elderly with a major depressive disorder.
Fatigue: a distressing symptom for patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Fatigue is a frequent symptom in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and is associated with poor quality of life. However, few studies have evaluated its impact on daily life or the perceived distress it can cause. Using a multi‐methods approach, this study describes the impact and manifestations of fatigue in patients with IBS and investigates the relationship between fatigue severity and illness‐related and health‐promoting factors.
Basic education clusters in Cambodia: looking at the future while learning from the past

School clusters have been adopted as an education policy by most Asian countries since the 1960s. In Cambodia, primary schools have been organised in clusters since 1993. Clusters were considered a mechanism for quality improvements of education and a way to facilitate sharing and interaction between schools. Primary school clusters have been partially successful. Today there is a growing interest among Cambodian policymakers for integrating primary schools (Grades 1–6) and lower secondary schools (Grades 7–9). This article provides a policy suggestion by arguing for extending the cluster mechanism to these integrated basic education schools with all grades from 1 to 9.
The chromosomal constitution of wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A general procedure is described for determining the chromosomal constitution of industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on analysis of segregation frequencies for input markers among random spore progeny of industrial‐laboratory strain hybrids. The multiple auxotrophic haploid testers used carried a dominant erythromycin‐resistance marker, allowing hybrids to be selected in mass matings with produced by the wild‐type industrial strains. Analysis a number of independent crosses between the haploid testers and an unselected population of spores of each wine strain distinguished between disomic, trisomic and tetrasomic chromosomal complements in the parents. Possible explanations for a significant class of aberrant segregation frequencies are discussed.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUES IN DATA MINING ALGORITHMS

- Huge amount of data is getting generated every second. These data is needed to be analyzed. Classification in data mining is a technique based on machine learning algorithms which uses mathematics, statistics, probability distributions and artificial intelligence. Classification predicts the group membership for data items or it represents descriptive analysis of data items for effective decision making.Now a day’s data mining is touching every aspect of individual life includes Data Mining for Financial Data Analysis, Data Mining for the Telecommunications Industry Data Analysis, Data Mining for the Retail Industry Data Analysis, Data Mining in Healthcare and Biomedical Research Data Analysis, and Data Mining in Science and Engineering Data Analysis, etc. The goal of this survey is to provide a comprehensive review of different classification techniques in data mining based on decision tree, rule based Algorithms, neural networks, support vector machines, Bayesian networks
Local Ties and Family Migration

The migration of couples and families has thus far been approached mainly from human-capital and gender perspectives. In this paper, we investigate how the male and female partner's local ties influence the likelihood of family migration. Our hypotheses are that local ties to work and family strongly decrease the likelihood of migrating; that, given the dominating gender structures, ties to the man's work are more influential than ties to the woman's work; and that ties to the woman's family are more influential than ties to the man's family. We used data from the ASTRID microdatabase for Sweden, based on administrative information about the entire Swedish population. Logistic regression analysis was applied to moves that exceeded a distance of 50 km for two-gender couples who did not separate in the period December 2004–December 2005. With regard to the likelihood of migrating, we find marked negative associations in the following: working close to home, the presence of parents and siblings nearby, and whether someone lives near the place of birth. The man's ties to work seem to be more important to the likelihood of migrating than the woman's, but we find hardly any gender differences in the impact of ties to family.
Market Efficiency: Evidence from a No-Bubble Asset Market Experiment

We report the results of an experiment that demonstrates that market experience is not necessary to eliminate bubbles in the type of asset markets studied in Smith et al. (1988). We introduce a pre-market phase in which subjects experience a dividend flow themselves by literally observing and receiving dividends for 12 periods. The robust bubble–crash phenomenon never occurs in our experiment. Our results provide strong evidence that so long as a majority of the subjects have full understanding of the structure of the dividend, market efficiency can be ensured.
Characteristics of R&D expenditures in Japan's pharmaceutical industry

Characterized by a high level of R&D expenditure, pharmaceutical firms are also subject to specific risks that are reflected in their financial policies. In contrast to other firms, whose investments are directly related to internal cash flows, Japanese pharmaceutical companies do not appear to rely on this source of funds to undertake R&D investments. Our analysis reveals that R&D expenses largely depend on the firm's size and the strength of its balance sheet. More precisely, high levels of debt appear to hold back R&D expenditure, especially when debt has a short-term maturity. These results highlight the importance of funding risky investments with the adequate type of capital to avoid putting firms in financial distress. Despite the risk, R&D investments seem to be justified by the fact that they are generally associated with higher sales growth. However, the difficult conditions prevailing in Japan's pharmaceutical industry make these benefits less visible.
Governance and Funds Allocation in United States Medical Research Charities

We examine boards of directors of medical research charities and find that medical charities spend less on program activities and more on fund-raising when the executive director of the charity serves on the board of directors, especially when the board is small. Executive salaries are also higher at charities where management is represented on the board. Management and general expenses and fund balances are, however, unrelated either to the presence of an insider on the board or to the size of the board.
CEO duality and compensation in the market for corporate control

Purpose - This study seeks to examine whether CEO duality further exacerbates CEOs' motivation of self-interest to engage in mergers and acquisitions to increase their compensation. Design/methodology/approach - Regression tests using CEO compensation as the dependent variable, and CEO duality, firm size and firm performance as independent test and control variables. The regression tests are used for various sub-samples of the firms, those that merge and those that have CEO duality. Findings - The results indicate that for merging firms CEO compensation is positively associated with firm size. However, this association is unaffected by CEO duality. For non-merging firms, the results indicate that CEO compensation is positively associated with firm size and firm performance. CEO duality moderates the positive association between CEO compensation and firm performance. Research limitations/implications - This study is limited to the extent that it does not observe the deliberations of compensation committees in their setting of CEO compensation, but only examines the outcomes of those deliberations. A future area of research is to examine compensation schemes of merger/acquisition CEOs in the context of other government structures, such as board independence and composition. Practical implications - Shareholders who desire to keep CEO compensation levels positively associated with firm performance may consider supporting the separation of the positions of CEO and Chairperson of the Board. Originality/value - This study contributes to the literature by concluding that governance structure influences CEO compensation schemes and CEOs of merging firms command higher compensation in spite of governance structure and firm performance.
Level up Learning: A National Survey on Teaching with Digital Games.

Digital games have the potential to transform K-12 education as we know it. But what has been the real experience among teachers who use games in the classroom? In 2013, the Games and Learning Publishing Council conducted a national survey among nearly 700 K-8 teachers. The report reveals key findings from the survey, and looks at how often and why teachers use games in the classroom, as well as issues they encounter in their efforts to implement digital games into their practice.
Organizational learning measurement and the effect on firm innovation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose and validate a measurement scale to capture organizational learning capabilities (OLC) and examine how OLC affects innovation. There are several models in the literature that have been generated by statistical data from manufacturing firms. This paper presents a structural equation model in order to measure OLC in Iranian ceramic tile manufacturers. The proposed model has five dimensions – i.e. managerial commitment and empowerment, experimentation, risk taking, interaction with the external environment and openness and knowledge transfer and integration – and is evaluated by 23 items.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 18 Iranian ceramic tile manufacturers. The survey was sent to employees of the business section of each factory and a total of 173 valid questionnaires were obtained and used to test the research model, employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), a particular analysis of structural equation modeling methods.Findings – I.
Did British Colonialism Promote Democracy? Divergent Inheritances and Diminishing Legacies*

Many scholars have argued that British colonial rule promoted post-independence democracy, but there has been considerable debate over the robustness of this result and its causes. Contradicting existing theories, we show that this relationship follows a strong temporal pattern. Although former British colonies were considerably more democratic than other countries immediately following independence, subsequent convergence in democracy levels has eliminated these differences in the post-Cold War period. Neither pre-colonial traits, geographical and policy variation among British colonies, post-colonial influences, nor existing theories of colonial influence account for this finding. We argue that divergent policy approaches to decolonization by European powers contributed to this pattern. Britain more consistently treated democratic elections as a prerequisite for gaining independence, leading to higher initial levels of democracy. However, these policies did not reflect differences in social or institutional support for democracy, leading to mean reversion and convergence over time.
Managerial Responses to Externally Imposed Performance Measurement in the NHS: An Institutional Theory Perspective

Due to the limitations of financial performance measurement (PM) adopted inthe public sector (Hopwood, 1984; and Pollitt, 1985 and 1986), some havesuggested the use of a multi-dimensional approach for delivering organisationallong-term objectives and fulfilling key stakeholders’ interests (Jackson, 1993; VanPeursem et al., 1995; Atkinson and McCrindell, 1997; Ittner and Larcker, 1998;and Kaplan and Norton, 2001). Indeed, several studies have demonstrated howmulti-dimensional PM can be used for internal control in various public sectororganisations (Ballantine et al., 1998; Chow et al., 1998; Kloot and Martin,2000; and Aidemark, 2001). Brignall and Modell (2000) argued that thosestudies, based on rational instrumentalism, have neglected conflicting interestsand power relationships between stakeholders in the public sector (e.g., the statevs. professions) (see also Modell, 2001). This study adopts an institutional theoryperspective (i.e., Oliver’s, 1991; and Brignall and Modell’s, 2000; conceptualframeworks) to investigate the responses of local health authorities’ managers toperformance requirements imposed by central government in the NHS.In the literature there has been an increasing attention paid to the study ofmanagers’ interaction with key stakeholders in order to enhance our under-standing of the implementation processes of multi-dimensional PM. Adopting aninstitutional theory perspective, Brignall and Modell (2000) argued that powerrelationships between various constituents faced by a public sector organisationmight have a significant impact on the implementation of a multi-dimensionalperformance measurement system (PMS). In order to preserve balance amongconstituents of unequal power, local unit managers may have to decouple theaspect of PM needed to satisfy a more dominant constituent for legitimacyseeking purposes from those required to meet other constituents’ interests.According to Oliver (1991), when facing external institutional pressures, man-agers might have various responses, from passive compliance to active manip-ulation of influential constituents’ values and criteria (p. 152). Local managers
New collaborative recommendation approach based on concept lattice

The successful design of collaborative filtering system for recommending depends hardly on finding the nearest neighbors. In this paper, we provide a new collaborative filtering method based on concept lattices to generate more precise recommendation. Firstly, we analyze the log files and construct a formal context which is then used to build a concept lattice. Based on the concept lattice, we propose a new way of dynamically recognizing the user's independent interests and making a Top-N recommendation to suggest what the user may want to visit next. One advantage of our method is that it can quickly group user's interest based on their navigation history. Besides, a new algorithm based on concept lattice is proposed ground on multi-attribute decision making theory. Further more, it smoothed the cold start problem in traditional collaborative filtering methods. The developed method is validated by the practical web access logs. The experiment shows our approach is practical, feasible and efficient.
The impact of depression heterogeneity on cognitive control in major depressive disorder

Objective: Depressed patients display a variety of deficits in neuropsychological function, and contradictory findings in the literature may be due to disorder heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of severity, subtype and symptoms on cognitive control. Methods: Neuropsychological function across a range of cognitive control tasks was examined in melancholic (n = 65) and non-melancholic depressed patients (n = 59) relative to controls (n = 124). The relationship between subtype (melancholia vs non-melancholia) and anxiety was also examined. Results: Melancholia was characterised by attention and working memory deficits typically associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while non-melancholia was characterised by verbal memory recall deficits indicative of left frontal lobe and medial temporal lobe function. The severity of anxious arousal and psychomotor disturbance contributed to cognitive impairment more than the severity of depression symptoms and anxious apprehension. Conclusions: Findings highlight a differential impact of depression subtype and severity, and suggest that anxious arousal and psychomotor disturbance may contribute to poorer performance on neuropsychological tasks associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex function.
InequalIty in Focus

In March 2013, before leaving office, China’s then-premier Wen Jiabao delivered his final assessment of the state of Chinese society to the National People’s Congress. In it, he gave his administration mixed marks on their pledge to reduce income inequality. Wen warned that Chinese development was “unbalanced” and that China “still face(s) many difficulties and problems in (its) economic and social development” (New York Times 2013). China recently completed a decade under the leadership of former president Hu Jintao and Wen, the former premier. During the period from 2003 to 2013, China pursued a “harmonious society” policy agenda that emphasized equitable growth. China implemented a wide range of policy measures designed to reduce disparities and to protect the economically vulnerable. These measures included agricultural support policies, social welfare transfers, targeted tax reductions, minimum wage increases, and increased spending on poverty alleviation.
Earnings Inequality and Unions in Canada

This paper reports research examining differences in the earnings distributions of unionized and non-unionized workers and the impact of union status on the likelihood of a worker being in each region of the earnings distribution. Average earnings of unionized workers are shown to be higher than those of non-union workers in the first four quintiles, but lower than average earnings of non-unionized workers in the top quintile. Union effects are greatest among workers situated in the lower and middle regions of the distribution, and benefit workers who are typically disadvantaged in the labour market. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd/London School of Economics 2002.
The Living Conditions Diamond: An Analytical and Theoretical Framework for Understanding Slums

What constitutes a ‘slum’ is much debated in the urban poverty and affordable housing literature. We argue that a focus on living conditions can help clarify this and present a framework, the living conditions diamond, for detailing living conditions and determining how the settlements we deem ‘slums’ compare with each other and with nonslum settlements. The diamond distils living conditions into four dimensions: (i) tenure, (ii) infrastructure, (iii) unit quality, and (iv) neighbourhood and location. This framework depicts conditions in graphic terms enabling comparison of conditions within and across cities. The diamond moves us beyond the notion that slums are homogeneously poor in quality, and facilitates analyses that can reveal why they differ. Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya and Dakar, Senegal are compared.
Human Rights Collaboration and the Communicative Practice of Religious Identity

Increasingly, human rights collaboration involves faith-based organizations whose members see social activism as an extension of their religious identities. This raises an immediate tension because collaboration requires negotiation of identities, challenging the convictions that motivate religious believers' involvement. Thus human rights collaboration offers an important context to explore tensions of identity and religious faith. This study reports on a human trafficking collaboration in Mexico, with a particular emphasis on the communicative tensions of integrating a distinct religious identity while collaborating with others. Grounded Practical Theory is used to identify practical challenges, communicative responses, and situated ideals that constitute this problem domain. Keywords:
Inflicted traumatic brain injury (ITBI) or shaken baby syndrome (SBS) in Estonia.

BACKGROUND Inflicted traumatic brain injury (ITBI) or shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is recognized as a major cause of disability and death in the paediatric population. AIM To find out the incidence of ITBI in Estonia. METHODS 26 cases of ITBI were recognized: four children died, 22 survived. RESULTS Of 26 children, 20 (77%) were boys and six (23%) were girls. Median age at admission to hospital was 3.9 mo, and the boys were younger than the girls. CONCLUSION The overall incidence of ITBI was 28.7 per 100,000 infants. In the prospective group the incidence was 40.5 per 100,000, and in retrospective group 13.5 per 100,000. ITBI is not rare but not always a recognized form of child abuse. Healthcare professionals should be more aware of this condition.