Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Pregnant and Aborted Women Attending Wad Medani Maternity Teaching Hospital and Um Algura Hospital Using Toxo-Latex Agglutination and Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA)

Background: Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by an obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii in final and intermediate host. Toxoplasma gondii is commonly associated with congenital infections that are not clinically apparent. The infection in the first trimester pregnancy may cause severe congenital anomalies or even foetal loss. In congenitally infected children can cause devastating effects including eye blindness, neurological impairment and mental retardation. The parasite distributed world-wide, in Sudan the prevalence was reported to be 34.1% and in Gezira state it was 41.7%. Objectives: This study aimed to diagnose T. gondii infection inpregnant and aborted women by Toxo-Latex agglutination test and Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) for IgG and IgM antibodies. Materials and Methods: Total 100 samples of venous blood collected from pregnant and aborted women, 37 and 63 samples were from participants in Wad Medani and Um Algura, respectively. These samples were diagnosed using Toxo-Latex agglutination test for IgG antibodies, Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay for IgG antibodies and Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) for IgM antibodies. Results: The results showed that a seropositivity of Toxoplasma IgG antibodies by Toxo-Latex agglutination test was 69% and 52.6% by Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay.The Toxoplasma IgM seropositivity was (5.1%). There was significant difference between two methods (P<0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of Toxo-Latex agglutination test was (94%) and (57.8%) respectively with positive predictive value (71.2%) and negative predictive value (89.6%). The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma IgG antibodies showed (67.6%) in Wad Medan and (69.8%) in Um Algura by Toxo-Latex agglutination test while by Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay was 43.2% and 54% in Wad Medani and Um Algura respectively. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma IgM antibodies was (7.9%) and this present in Um Algura. The high prevalence noted among age group 26-35. There is relation between the positive results with clinical symptoms; strong correlation with risk factors specially eating undercooked meat (71%), consumption of raw meat (68.1%), and contact with cats (52.1%). There was negative correlation between the seropositivity and parity number. Conclusion: The Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay remain high specific and sensitive method for diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis, but a high cost of both apparatus and test reagents may prevent applicability in rural area, so the Toxo-Latex agglutination test may be useful in screening for disease due to simple applicability. The study recommended that the screening of Toxoplasma gondii should be done to all pregnant women to prevent disease progression, control cats, avoiding eating raw and undercooked meat and drinking filtrated water.
The impact of maternal post-partum depression on the language development of children at 12 months.

BACKGROUND Language is one of the most important acquisitions made during childhood. Before verbal language, a child develops a range of skills and behaviours that allow the child to acquire all communication skills. Factors such as environmental factors, socio-economic status and interaction with parents can affect the acquisition of vocabulary in children. Post-partum depression can negatively affect the first interactions with the child and, consequently, the emotional, social and cognitive development of the child. OBJECTIVE To analyse the effect of the duration of the mother's depression on the language development of children at 12 months old. METHODS This was a longitudinal study. The participants of this study were mothers who had received prenatal care from the Brazilian National System of Public Health in Pelotas city, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The mothers were interviewed at two different time points: from 30 to 90 days after delivery and at 12 months after delivery; the children were also evaluated at this later time point. To diagnose maternal depression, we used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and to assess child development, we used the language scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III. RESULTS We followed 296 dyads. Maternal depression at both time points (post partum and at 12 months) was significantly associated with the language development of infants at 12 months of age. This impact was accentuated when related to the duration of the disorder. Older women and women with more than two children were more likely to have children with poorer language development, while women who were the primary caregiver had children with higher scores on the language test. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that maternal age, parity, primary caregiver status and duration of post-partum depression are associated with the language development of the child.
Clinical Aspects of Pneumonia in the Elderly Veteran

While atypical presentation of pneumonia in elderly patients is thought to be common, its incidence and factors predisposing to it are unknown. This study documents presenting symptoms of pneumonia in 48 patients, aged 65 or older, admitted to the medical service at a Veterans Administration Medical Center. Seventeen subjects (35%) had a classic constellation of symptoms which included both fever and cough. A chief complaint suggestive of pneumonia, defined as cough, fever, or shortness of breath, occurred in 27 subjects (56%). Five subjects (10%) had no symptoms suggestive of pneumonia even with a detailed history. Absence of a classic constellation of pneumonia symptoms correlated with advanced age (P = .0045), cognitive impairment at admission (P = .022), and baseline functional impairment (P = .028). Neither nutritional status as measured by serum albumin nor medical status as measured by number of medical problems and number of medications predicted an atypical presentation of pneumonia. Nineteen subjects (39%) did not have a documented fever, and 15 subjects (31%) did not have a leukocytosis. Absence of fever or leukocytosis did not correlate with age, number of medical problems, number of medications, cognitive status, functional status, or serum albumin. We conclude that a classic constellation of symptoms, signs and laboratory findings is frequently absent but some suggestive symptom is usually present in this population of elderly veterans with community‐acquired pneumonia. Patients with advanced age, cognitive impairment at admission, and baseline functional impairment are most likely to have an atypical presentation of pneumonia.
Relationships Between Lower-Body Muscle Structure and Lower-Body Strength, Power, and Muscle-Tendon Complex Stiffness

Abstract Secomb, JL, Lundgren, LE, Farley, ORL, Tran, TT, Nimphius, S, and Sheppard, JM. Relationships between lower-body muscle structure and lower-body strength, power, and muscle-tendon complex stiffness. J Strength Cond Res 29(8): 2221–2228, 2015—The purpose of this study was to determine whether any relationships were present between lower-body muscle structure and strength and power qualities. Fifteen elite male surfing athletes performed a battery of lower-body strength and power tests, including countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), isometric midthigh pull (IMTP), and had their lower-body muscle structure assessed with ultrasonography. In addition, lower-body muscle-tendon complex (MTC) stiffness and dynamic strength deficit (DSD) ratio were calculated from the CMJ and IMTP. Significant relationships of large to very large strength were observed between the vastus lateralis (VL) thickness of the left (LVL) and right (RVL) leg and peak force (PF) (r = 0.54–0.77, p < 0.01–0.04), peak velocity (PV) (r = 0.66–0.83, p < 0.01), and peak jump height (r = 0.62–0.80, p < 0.01) in the CMJ and SJ, as well as IMTP PF (r = 0.53–0.60, p = 0.02–0.04). Furthermore, large relationships were found between left lateral gastrocnemius (LG) pennation angle and SJ and IMTP PF (r = 0.53, p = 0.04, and r = 0.70, p < 0.01, respectively) and between LG and IMTP relative PF (r = 0.63, p = 0.01). Additionally, large relationships were identified between lower-body MTC stiffness and DSD ratio (r = 0.68, p < 0.01), right (LG) pennation angle (r = 0.51, p = 0.05), CMJ PF (r = 0.60, p = 0.02), and jump height (r = 0.53, p = 0.04). These results indicate that greater VL thickness and increased LG pennation angle are related to improved performance in the CMJ, SJ, and IMTP. Furthermore, these results suggest that lower-body MTC stiffness explains a large amount of variance in determining an athlete's ability to rapidly apply force during a dynamic movement.
Ten Years of Experience with Pediatric Neuroendoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: Features and Perioperative Complications of 210 Cases

Obstructive hydrocephalus remains a problem, and improvements in fiberoptic technology have promoted interest in neuroendoscopic ventriculostomy (NTV) as an alternative to standard cerebrospinal fluid shunts. The present study assessed 210 pediatric NTVs performed between 1994 and 2004 in patients aged 2 months to 10 years. Five children needed same-session ventriculoperitoneal shunting due to insufficient bypass of the obstruction. The other 205 procedures were technically successful, but 7 patients needed early-postoperative shunting and 10 required late shunting. During NTV, 86 (40.1%) of the patients developed arrhythmia. One patient arrested during balloon dilatation, but normal rhythm returned after deflation and epinephrine/atropine therapy, with no resultant morbidity. Twenty-six (10.2%) patients developed tachycardia (without hypertension) followed by bradycardia, and 6 children (2.8%) developed hypertension. In 1 case (0.5%), a branch of the basilar artery ruptured during fenestration and the hemorrhage was controlled after craniotomy. In 5 cases, mild venous bleeding was controlled by irrigation. The early complications included transient ocular divergence (n = 1), anisocoria (n = 2), and hyponatremia (n = 5). Five children were diagnosed with temporary diabetes insipidus in the late-postoperative period. The neuroendoscopic approach is considered safe for treating hydrocephalus in children, but complications can be severe or lethal and the anesthesiologist must respond accordingly.
Four novel frameworks built by imidazole-based dicarboxylate ligands: hydro(solvo)thermal synthesis, crystal structures, and properties.

Four novel complexes, {[Ni(4)(HEIDC)(4)(H(2)O)(8)]. 2H(2)O} (1), {[Mn(HEIDC)(4,4'-bipy)(0.5)(H(2)O)]. H(2)O}(n) (2), [Mn(6)(EIDC)(4)(py)(H(2)O)(4)](n) (3), and {[Cd(2)(EIDC)(H(2)EIDC)(4,4'-bipy)(1.5)]. H(2)O}(n) (4) (H(3)EIDC = 2-ethyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine, and py = pyridine) have been hydro(solvo)thermally synthesized by fine control over synthetic conditions, such as solvent and pH value, and structurally characterized. It is shown through single-crystal X-ray diffractions that the ligands H(3)EIDC can be either singly, doubly, or triply deprotonated and can coordinate to Ni(II), Mn(II) or Cd(II) ions in mu(2) or mu(3) modes. Compound 1 is a zero-dimensional (0D) symmetrical tetranuclear molecular square. Compound 2 exhibits a two-dimensional (2D) sheet, in which alternate left- and right-handed helical chains are bridged by 4,4'-bipy linkages. Compound 3 assumes a 2D honeycomb-like sheet built up from mu(3)-EIDC(3-) and Mn(II) atoms. Compound 4 possesses a novel three-dimensional (3D) structure constructed from 2D layer motifs joined by mu(2)-HEIDC(2-) and 4,4'-bipy bridges. The thermal properties of complexes 1-4 have been determined as well. Also, it is discovered that there exists antiferromagnetic coupling between the Ni(II) or Mn(II) ions in 1 or 2 (3); the best fittings to the experimental magnetic susceptibilities gave J = -10.83 cm(-1) and g = 2.19 for 1, and J = -0.025 cm(-1), zJ' = -0.02 cm(-1) and g = 2.0 for 2.
Determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of high LDL-C in Turkey

Objective: High blood cholesterol is one of the main modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of the study is to determine the factors associated with the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of high “low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol” (LDL-C) among adults aged ≥20 years in Turkey. Methods: We used data from Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Survey conducted in 2011–2012. The presence of high LDL-C, lipid-lowering treatment eligibility, and achievement of target LDL-C were defined according to the third Adult Treatment Panel guidelines on treatment of high cholesterol. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between participant characteristics and high LDL-C prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control. Results: Framingham risk score categorization was performed for 13121 individuals aged ≥20 years. Approximately, 28% of the participants presented with high LDL-C. Among those with high LDL-C, 55.8% were aware of their situation; among those aware of high LDL-C, 46.9% were receiving lipid-lowering medication, and 50.6% of individuals who were receiving treatment achieved target LDL-C levels on the basis of their coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Control of high LDL-C was negatively associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus (odds ratio: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.27–0.49, p<0.001). Conclusion: Despite the high awareness rates, there was a high proportion of adults who did not receive treatment or achieve recommended levels of LDL-C during treatment. The low treatment and control levels among individuals based on their CHD risk levels call for a better application of recommendations regarding personal preventive measures and treatments in Turkey.
Correlates of Mucosal Immunity and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Girls

ABSTRACT In this study we examined whether salivary hormones, physical activity and adiposity were correlated with secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and frequency of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in 43 early-pubertal and 59 late-pubertal girls. Physical activity was measured using accelerometers and relative body fat was assessed using bioelectrical impendence. Resting saliva samples were obtained between 1500 and 1800hr and assayed for sIgA, cortisol and testosterone. Participants completed a one-month health log to record URTI frequency. Early-pubertal girls were more physically active, had less adiposity, but lower concentrations of sIgA than late-pubertal adolescents (122.7±91.6 vs 201.9±102.9 pg/ml, respectively). The frequency of URTI was similar in the two groups. Neither sIgA nor URTI were correlated with salivary hormones, physical activity or adiposity within the early-pubertal girls. In the late-pubertal group, sIgA was negatively associated (r=-0.44; p≤0.05) with cortisol, and positively associated (r=0.41; p≤0.05) with the testosterone to cortisol ratio. These results suggest that mucosal immunity increases with pubertal maturation, while higher cortisol is associated with lower mucosal immunity in adolescents.
Stability of personality traits in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: a pilot project.

This study was performed in an effort to begin characterization of personality traits in schizophrenia. Specific concerns included personality profiles relative to normal adults, personality profile stability over time, and trait-state issues. The authors administered the NEO Personality Inventory as well as symptom ratings at two time points to 21 patients. Patients were all stabilized outpatients attending an adult continuing day treatment program and diagnosed with either schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Personality profiles were determined for all patients. Compared with a normal adult sample, this sample's scores on three out of five of the personality domains assessed were not distinguishable from normal adults. Test-retest correlations were highly significant over an average 28.2-week time interval. In general, the presence of positive symptoms did not appear related to NEO-PI stability, while negative symptoms did show a relationship to the stability of personality profiles. These data suggest that personality profiles can be looked at in schizophrenia, that these profiles do appear stable over time, and that negative symptoms have a strong influence on profile stability and appear to be "trait-like. "
An inverse of the evaluation functional for typed lambda -calculus

A functional p to e (procedure to expression) that inverts the evaluation functional for typed lambda -terms in any model of typed lambda -calculus containing some basic arithmetic is defined. Combined with the evaluation functional, p to e yields an efficient normalization algorithm. The method is extended to lambda -calculi with constants and is used to normalize (the lambda -representations of) natural deduction proofs of (higher order) arithmetic. A consequence of theoretical interest is a strong completeness theorem for beta eta -reduction. If two lambda -terms have the same value in some model containing representations of the primitive recursive functions (of level 1) then they are probably equal in the beta eta -calculus. <<ETX>>
Control of skin blood flow in the neutral zone of human body temperature regulation.

In humans, matching of heat loss and heat production in the "neutral" zone, defined operationally in terms of a range of skin temperatures (Tsk), is accomplished by regulation of skin blood flow (SkBF). Our studies were designed to reveal the characteristics of control of SkBF [from measurements of forearm blood flow (FBF)] in this zone. We controlled the temperature of water sprayed on most of the body of supine men and women at 33 or 35 degrees C in a square-wave pattern (15 min at each temperature) or a step pattern (60 min at 33 degrees C separated by short periods at 35 degrees C). FBF followed Tsk (0.5 ml.min-1.degrees C-1). Esophageal temperature changed approximately 0.11 degrees C with each 2 degrees C change in Tsk, falling with Tsk increase and vice versa. Little influence on FBF, < 0.1 ml.min-1.100 ml-1. degrees C-1, was observed when only the forearm was sprayed with 33 and 35 degrees C water. We conclude that SkBF control in the 33-35 degree C range of Tsk is dominated by the feedforward reflex influence of Tsk on SkBF. The reflex response overcompensates for the effect of Tsk on thermal balance in the neutral zone, so that equilibrium core temperature has an inverse relationship to Tsk.
THE STUDY OF EFFECT USED PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME ON WASTEWATER OF LATEX HEVEABRASILIENSIS PROCESSING ON COCOA NIBS

The free amino acid profile of cocoa nibs as a result of hydrolysis by proteolytic enzyme from wastewater of latex Hevea brasiliensis processing on cocoa nibs were monitored for 8 hours. Pepsin enzyme is using as control. There are similarities profile of free amino acids produced by the enzyme from wastewater and the pepsin enzyme. If using proteolytic enzyme from wastewater, the acidic free amino acid concentration decreased by 4.739 %, whereas hydrophobic and other free amino acids increased by 10.257 % and 15.497 %, respectively.While the pepsin enzyme provide the decrease in the acidic free amino acids by 18.08%, and increase the hydrophobic and other amino acids by 11.24 % and 13.70 % respectively. Key word : Free amino acid profile, acidic free amino acid, hydrophobic free amino acid.
Breast conservation for mammographically occult carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE Preoperative mammography is an essential part of the evaluation of patient eligibility for breast conserving therapy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA It is uncertain whether factors that contribute to the nonvisualization of carcinoma on mammograms are indications for mastectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine if the failure to identify clinically evident carcinoma on a mammogram is a contraindication to breast conserving therapy. METHODS An analysis of 268 women with 269 clinically evident carcinomas who were treated from June 1988 to September 1993 was performed. Contraindications to breast preservation included multicentric tumors, diffuse indeterminate microcalcifications, pregnancy, prior irradiation to the breast region, the inability to achieve negative margins after two surgical procedures, and a large tumor to breast ratio. RESULTS Mammographically occult tumors (MO) were present in 52 patients (19%). The mean age of patients with MO tumors was 52 versus 57 for mammographically evident (ME) tumors (p = 0.009), but the incidence by decade did not vary. Special histologic tumor types were more frequent among MO than ME tumors (13.5% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001). Tumor size, the incidence of axillary node metastases, and stage did not vary. An equal proportion of patients with MO and ME tumors were candidates for breast preservation (67% vs. 70%), and a large tumor to breast ratio was the most common contraindication in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Even with modem mammographic technology, MO tumors remain a significant problem. This study did not demonstrate an association between MO tumors and factors such as size, unfavorable histology, or multicentricity which would preclude the use of breast conserving therapy. These results support the treatment of MO tumors with breast conserving surgery after a detailed clinical evaluation.
In Vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy of Halo Nevus

Background: RCM (reflectance confocal microscopy) is a noninvasive, high-resolution technology that has been proven to improve the diagnostic accuracy over clinical examination in several skin diseases. Objective: The aim of this article is to describe the morphologic features of halo nevi (HN) observed with RCM and correlate them with their dermoscopic characteristics. Method: Nine patients with the clinical diagnosis of HN were assessed with RCM. A second assessment was performed up to 12 months later. Dermoscopic global patterns were obtained and correlated with the RCM findings. Results: In five (55.6%) cases, pagetoid cells were observed. Nonedged dermal papilla and junctional thickening were found in three (33%) cases. Nucleated cells in the dermal papillae and plump bright cells were observed in seven (77.8%) and six (66.7%) cases, respectively. Conclusion: Our study shows that HN observed by RCM can show atypical features that overlap with those observed on atypical melanocytic lesions and malignant melanoma.