Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature sensitivity of neurones in slices of the rat spinal cord.

1. The inherent temperature sensitivity of 343 spontaneously active neurones recorded from rat spinal cord (SC) slices was investigated electrophysiologically. Recordings were made from 321 neurons from transverse and 22 neurons from longitudinal slices and their thermosensitivity was determined by relating changes in firing rate to changes in slice temperature. 2. Of the neurones from transverse slices, 53% were warm sensitive, 2% were cold sensitive and 45% were temperature insensitive. In longitudinal slices, 68% were warm sensitive and the remaining neurones were temperature insensitive. 3. When classified according to their recording sites in transverse slices, warm‐sensitive neurones in laminae I and II had the same mean temperature coefficient compared with those recorded from lamina X, despite the fact that the latter had a significantly higher spontaneous activity. 4. The intrinsic temperature sensitivity of the majority of warm‐sensitive neurones was confirmed by blocking their synaptic input. 5. A transient overshoot in activity, i.e. a dynamic response characteristic following rapid temperature stimuli (0.4 degree C s‐1) was observed in 73% of the warm‐sensitive and 59% of the temperature‐insensitive neurones in laminae I and II in response to rapid warming, but only rarely (< 10%) in lamina X. 6. Temperature‐sensitive SC neurones share response characteristics with temperature‐sensitive neurones in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) area and with peripheral temperature receptors. Functionally, these neurones may represent the cellular basis for the temperature sensory function of the spinal cord that has been well characterized in vivo in homeothermic species.
Bitter taste of monosaccharide pentaacetate esters

The pentaacetate esters of several, but not all, monosaccharides were recently found to stimulate insulin release from rat pancreatic islets. We have now compared the taste of solutions of either these esters or the corresponding unesterified monosaccharides. The sweet taste of the latter monosaccharides (0.22 M) ranged as follows: D‐glucose ≅D‐galactose ≅D‐mannoheptulose > L‐glucose. None of the esters (1.7 mM) displayed a sweet taste. However, the α‐ and β‐anomer of D‐glucose pentaacetate, the α‐anomer of D‐mannose pentaacetate and the β‐anomer of L‐glucose pentaacetate all displayed a bitter taste, whilst both α‐ and β‐D‐galactose pentaacetate yielded doubtful results. Since such a situation is comparable to that characterizing the islet B‐cell response to these esters, it is proposed that the intracellular interaction between the esters or their hydrolytic products and a protein involved in the recognition of bitter taste in taste buds may participate in their insulinotropic action.
Hydrogen Peroxide Is Involved in β-Cyclodextrin-hemin Complex-Induced Lateral Root Formation in Tomato Seedlings

Although previous results showed that β-cyclodextrin-hemin complex (β-CDH) could induce tomato lateral root (LR) formation, the corresponding downstream messengers are still not fully understood. In this report, similar to the inducing effects of exogenously applied hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we discovered that β-CDH elicited RBOH1 transcript upregulation, endogenous H2O2 accumulation, and thereafter tomato LR development. Above responses were sensitive to dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and ascorbic acid (AsA), two membrane-permeable scavengers of H2O2, showing that accumulation of H2O2 and LR formation were significantly blocked. The test with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI; the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) revealed that H2O2 mainly produced by NADPH oxidase, might be involved in LR formation triggered by β-CDH. qPCR combined with pharmacological and anatomical analyses showed that β-CDH-modulated several marker genes responsible for LR formation, such as CYCA3;1, CYCA2;1, CYCD3;1, and CDKA1 (four cell cycle regulatory genes), ARF7 and RSI-1 (two auxin signaling genes), LAX3 (an auxin influx carrier), IAA14 (encoding a member of the Aux/IAA protein family), PIN3 and PIN7 (two auxin efflux carriers), isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 1, and L-ascorbate oxidase homolog genes (two reactive oxygen species-associated genes and one LR formation-related gene), were causally related to above H2O2 signaling. Particularly, representative proteins related to H2O2 metabolism and lateral rooting, were specifically induced in β-CDH-treated tomato seedlings. Overall, the results clearly suggested a vital role of H2O2 in the β-CDH-induced tomato LR formation, and β-CDH-elicited H2O2-related target proteins responsible for LR formation might be, at least partially, regulated at transcriptional and translational levels.
Alterations on chromosome 3 in endemic and nonendemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in parts of southern China and is etiologically associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection as well as other dietary and environmental factors. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 3p has been described in NPC from the endemic region. In this study, tumors originating from both the NPC nonendemic area of northern China and the endemic area in southern China were analyzed for LOH at 8 microsatellite markers on chromosome 3. Allele loss was detected at D3S1300 in 3p14.2 in more than 50% of tumors from both the endemic and nonendemic areas, suggesting that LOH at this locus probably does not account for the endemicity of NPC in southern China. The 3p14.2 region encompasses FHIT, a candidate tumor suppressor gene previously shown to be rearranged in several NPC cell lines. In this study, analysis of FHIT gene structure and transcription in primary tumors did not support a role for FHIT in NPC. However, the high frequency of allele loss at 3p14.2 in NPC from endemic and nonendemic regions supports the possibility that an important tumor suppressor gene other than FHIT complements EBV transformation and resides in this region. Int. J. Cancer 86:244–250, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MEN-2 syndrome: the value of screening and central registration; a study of six kindreds in The Netherlands.

Recommended Citation Vasen, H. F. A. ; Nieuwenhuijzen Kruseman, A. C. ; Moers, A. M. J.; Lips, C. J. M. ; Beukers, E. K. M. ; Wiersinga, W. M. ; and Geerdink, R. A. (1987) "MEN-2 Syndrome: The Value of Screening and Central Registration; A Study of Six Kindreds in The Netherlands," Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal : Vol. 35 : No. 2 , 101-103. Available at: https://scholarlycommons.henryford. com/hfhmedjournal/vol35/iss2/5
Human adipose tissue‐derived stem cells protect impaired cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through hypoxia‐induced paracrine mechanism

Growing studies have emerged on adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs), which hold the potential for cell‐based therapy in diseased injured hearts. Apart from their differentiation pluripotency, such benefits also result from the ability of paracrine. The results of this study showed that after a 24‐h hypoxia culture, ADSCs secreted amplified quantities of hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin‐1, vascular endothelial growth factor‐A, fibroblast growth factor‐2, and transforming growth factor‐β, all of which increased statistically compared with normoxia cultures. Resultantly, conditioned media (CM) from hypoxia‐treated ADSCs can promptly improve cardiac function in in vivo infarction model as well as ameliorate apoptosis of cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions, accompanied by changes of JNK signal activation. While SP600125, a specific JNK pathway inhibitor, partly decreased cardiac cytoprotection assessed by incremental caspase‐3 activation and subsequent TUNEL index, which led to no significantly different outcome between CM from ADSCs in normoxia culture and those in hypoxia culture. These data suggested that, in response to hypoxia, ADSCs could amplify expression of several protective soluble factors, which mediate direct cytoprotection. Furthermore, the improvement for impaired cardiomyocytes treated by hypoxia‐induced ADSCs‐CM was significant in part because of the involvement of the JNK signal pathway. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential patterns of language and motor reorganization following early left hemisphere lesion: a PET study.

OBJECTIVE There is extensive evidence for post-lesional plasticity in the language and motor domains. We examined possible domain-specific differences in reorganizational patterns, hypothesizing that interhemispheric reorganization would be predominantly homotopic for language, but predominantly nonhomotopic for motor control. DESIGN Using oxygen 15-water positron emission tomography, regional cerebral blood flow was studied during rest, listening to sentences, repetition of sentences, and finger tapping of the right hand. Task-specific primary, secondary, and tertiary regions of interest were defined according to the degree of regional involvement in language/motor functions as documented in previous studies. Regional activations were compared within and across functional domains. PATIENTS Nine patients (aged 4-20 years) with unilateral left hemisphere lesion involving both the primary motor and perisylvian language cortices were studied. Two samples of healthy adults were included for additional comparisons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Hemispheric asymmetry of blood flow changes within regions of interest. RESULTS As predicted, rightward asymmetry of activations in primary and secondary regions was stronger for language than for movement, but the expected inverse difference for tertiary regions (greater rightward asymmetry of motor activations) was not found. Within-domain comparisons showed that for listening to sentences, rightward asymmetry was strongest in primary and weakest in tertiary regions, whereas the inverse differences were found for movement. CONCLUSION The findings suggest a greater potential for homotopic interhemispheric reorganization in the language than in the motor domain. Interhemispheric motor reorganization was generally limited.
Effect of Early Weaning and Prolonged Nursing on Development of the Rat Pancreas

Summary: Pancreatic development was studied in rats 17–28 days of age. Control pups, weaned naturally at 21–24 days showed a gradual increase in body weight, pancreatic weight, total DNA and protein content with age. Pups weaned at 17 days showed a transient increase in pancreatic weight and protein content only at day 22; at no time did they show a difference in either DNA content or body weight. Pups nursed up to 25 days of age had a smaller body weight, but had DNA and protein content similar to control rats. Control pups showed gradual increases in lipase and trypsinogen with a sharp increase in amylase between days 22 and 25. Pups weaned at 17 days showed a precocious increase in trypsinogen and a sharp increase in amylase between days 19–22, but an immediate decrease in lipase which eventually returned to the control level at day 28. Pups nursed beyond the weaning stage showed an increase in lipase and trypsinogen but no sharp increase in amylase. A significant increase in all pancreatic enzymes, pancreatic mass, pancreatic DNA and protein content was seen in all groups of rats irrespective of their diet. The results suggest an inherent biological program as a basic control of pancreatic ontogeny with diet playing a modifying role.Speculation: Significant increases in pancreatic hydrolases occur with weaning. The laboratory chow used for weaning is low in fat and high in carbohydrate in contrast to milk which is high in fat and low in carbohydrate. Increases in some pancreatic hydrolases are dependent on the dietary transition. Early weaning will prematurely induce and prolonged nursing will delay the increase of these enzymes.
Diagnostic Criteria for Degenerative, Inflammatory, Proliferative Nonneoplastic and Neoplastic Liver Lesions in Medaka (Oryzias latipes): Consensus of a National Toxicology Program Pathology Working Group

Diagnostic criteria are presented for degenerative, inflammatory, nonneoplastic proliferative, and neoplastic lesions in the liver of medaka (Oryzias latipes), a small fish species frequently used in carcinogenesis studies. The criteria are the consensus of a Pathology Working Group (PWG) convened by the National Toxicology Program. The material examined by the PWG was from medaka exposed to N-nitrosodiethylamine for 28 days, removed to clean water, and sacrificed 4, 6, or 9 mo after initiation of exposure. Degenerative lesions included hepatocellular intracytoplasmic vacuolation, hepatocellular necrosis, spongiosis hepatis, hepatic cysts, and hepatocellular hyalinization. Inflammatory lesions consisted of granulomas, chronic inflammation, macrophage aggregates, and focal lymphocytic infiltration. Nonneoplastic proliferative lesions comprised foci of cellular alteration (basophilic focus, eosinophilic focus, vacuolated focus, and clear cell focus) and bile duct hyperplasia. Neoplastic lesions included hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangioma, and cholangiocarcinoma. Two lesions composed mainly of spindle cells were noted, hemangiopericytoma and spindle cell proliferation. Rather than being an exhaustive treatment of medaka liver lesions, this report draws from the published literature on carcinogen-induced liver lesions in medaka and other fish species and attempts to consolidate lesion criteria into a simplified scheme that might be useful to pathologists and other researchers using medaka lesions for risk assessment or regulatory purposes.
Outcome and prognostic factor analysis of 217 consecutive isolated limb perfusions with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and melphalan for limb-threatening soft tissue sarcoma.

BACKGROUND Extensive and mutilating surgery is often required for locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the limb. As it has become apparent that amputation for STS does not improve survival rates, the interest in limb-preserving approaches has increased. Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and melphalan is successful in providing local tumor control and enables limb-preserving surgery in a majority of cases. A mature, large, single-institution experience with 217 consecutive ILPs for STS of the extremity is reported. METHODS At a prospectively maintained database at a tertiary referral center, 217 ILPs were performed from July 1991 to July 2003 in 197 patients with locally advanced STS of the extremity. ILPs were performed at mild hyperthermic conditions with 1-4 mg of TNF and 10-13 mg/L limb-volume melphalan (M) for leg and arm perfusions, respectively. RESULTS The overall response rate was 75%. Limb salvage was achieved in 87% of the perfused limbs. Median survival post-ILP was 57 months and prognostic factors for survival were Trojani grade of the tumor and ILP for single versus multiple STS. The procedure could be performed safely, with a perioperative mortality of 0.5% in all patients with no age limit (median age, 54 yrs; range, 12-91). Systemic and locoregional toxicity were modest and easily manageable. CONCLUSION TNF+M-based ILP can provide limb salvage in a significant percentage of patients with locally advanced STS and has therefore gained a permanent place in the multimodality treatment of STS.
Bioavailability of Lumefantrine Is Significantly Enhanced with a Novel Formulation Approach, an Outcome from a Randomized, Open-Label Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers

ABSTRACT The artemether-lumefantrine combination requires food intake for the optimal absorption of lumefantrine. In an attempt to enhance the bioavailability of lumefantrine, new solid dispersion formulations (SDF) were developed, and the pharmacokinetics of two SDF variants were assessed in a randomized, open-label, sequential two-part study in healthy volunteers. In part 1, the relative bioavailability of the two SDF variants was compared with that of the conventional formulation after administration of a single dose of 480 mg under fasted conditions in three parallel cohorts. In part 2, the pharmacokinetics of lumefantrine from both SDF variants were evaluated after a single dose of 480 mg under fed conditions and a single dose of 960 mg under fasted conditions. The bioavailability of lumefantrine from SDF variant 1 and variant 2 increased up to ∼48-fold and ∼24-fold, respectively, relative to that of the conventional formulation. Both variants demonstrated a positive food effect and a less than proportional increase in exposure between the 480-mg and 960-mg doses. Most adverse events (AEs) were mild to moderate in severity and not suspected to be related to the study drug. All five drug-related AEs occurred in subjects taking SDF variant 2. No clinically significant treatment-emergent changes in vital signs, electrocardiograms, or laboratory blood assessments were noted. The solid dispersion formulation enhances the lumefantrine bioavailability to a significant extent, and SDF variant 1 is superior to SDF variant 2.
Anatomical frame plate osteosynthesis in Ada-Miller Type 2 or 4 scapula fractures.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the results of anatomical frame plate osteosynthesis in patients with Ada and Miller Type 2 or 4 scapula fractures. METHODS Eleven Ada and Miller Type 2 or 4 scapula fractures in nine patients were treated with anatomical frame plate osteosynthesis. The mean follow-up time was 39.8 (12-77) months. The results were evaluated using the Herscovici score. RESULTS No complications, such as neurovascular injury, postoperative hematoma, infection, delayed wound healing, implant failure, delayed union, or nonunion occurred. Based on the Herscovici score, the results were excellent. CONCLUSION Osteosynthesis with anatomical frame plates appears to be a safe method that allows early range of motion and that provides excellent results in Ada and Miller Type 2 or 4 scapula fractures.
A distributed strategy for electricity distribution network control in the face of DER compromises

We focus on the question of distributed control of electricity distribution networks in the face of security attacks to Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). Our attack model includes strategic manipulation of DER set-points by an external hacker to induce a sudden compromise of a subset of DERs connected to the network. We approach the distributed control design problem in two stages. In the first stage, we model the attacker-defender interaction as a Stackelberg game. The attacker (leader) disconnects a subset of DERs by sending them wrong set-point signals. The distribution utility (follower) response includes Volt-VAR control of non-compromised DERs and load control. The objective of the attacker (resp. defender) is to maximize (resp. minimize) the weighted sum of the total cost due to loss of frequency regulation and the cost due to loss of voltage regulation. In the second stage, we propose a distributed control (defender response) strategy for each local controller such that, if sudden supply-demand mismatch is detected (for example, due to DER compromises), the local controllers automatically respond based on their respective observations of local fluctuations in voltage and frequency. This strategy aims to achieve diversification of DER functions in the sense that each uncompromised DER node either contributes to voltage regulation (by contributing reactive power) or to frequency regulation (by contributing active power). We illustrate the effectiveness of this control strategy on a benchmark network.
Periorbital Hyperpigmentation: A Study of its Prevalence, Common Causative Factors and its Association with Personal Habits and Other Disorders

Background: Periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH) is one of the most commonly encountered conditions in routine dermatology practice. There are only few published studies about its prevalence, classification, and pathogenesis but none showing its association with habits, and other medical conditions in Indian patients. Aims: To determine prevalence and type of POH, common causative factors, and its association with personal habits and other disorders within various age and sex groups. Materials and Methods: Two hundred patients attending the dermatology OPD were included in study and were subjected to detailed history, careful clinical and Wood's lamp examination, eyelid stretch test and laboratory investigations. Clinical photographs of all patients were taken. Results: POH was most prevalent in 16-25 years age group (47.50%) and in females (81%) of which majority were housewives (45.50%). Commonest form of POH was constitutional (51.50%) followed by post inflammatory (22.50%). Lower eyelids were involved in 72.50%. Grade 2 POH was seen in 58%. Wood's lamp examination showed POH to be dermal in 60.50%. Faulty habits were observed viz. lack of adequate sleep (40%), frequent cosmetic use (36.50%), frequent eye rubbing (32.50%), and lack of correction for errors of refraction like myopia in 12% patients. Strong association of POH with stress (71%), atopy (33%) and family history (63%) was noted. Conclusions: Periorbital hyperpigmentation is a multi-factorial entity. It is absolutely essential to classify the type of POH and determine underlying causative factors in order to direct appropriate measures for better and successful outcome in future.
A rippling muscle disease gene is localized to 1q41

Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is an inherited disorder of skeletal muscle in which mechanical stimuli provoke electrically silent contractions. Patient symptoms are muscle cramps, pain, and stiffness, particularly during or following exercise. Clinical signs are balling of muscle following percussion and a characteristic lateral rolling movement of muscle occurring after contraction followed by stretching. We report a new 44-member pedigree segregating RMD as an autosomal dominant trait. A genetic linkage study in this family, using a novel approach of testing closely spaced highly polymorphic markers in affected individuals, localized the responsible gene to the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 1 with a maximum multipoint lod score of 3.56 (𝛉 = 0). In this family, RMD is localized to a 12-cM region near D1S235. We studied two previously reported German families for linkage to the same locus, and this same area did not cosegregate with the disease, a finding that shows that different genetic defects can cause a similar clinical phenotype (genetic heterogeneity). An understanding of the defect in contraction control within the muscle fibers in this disease may lead to a better understanding of muscle force transduction, intracellular calcium homeostasis, or both.
Elective Resection for Ongoing Diverticular Disease Significantly Improves Quality of Life

Background: Although the risks of elective resection for diverticular disease are well studied, studies on subjective improvement are scarce. This study aims to investigate subjective improvement. Methods: All patients who underwent elective resection for recurring or persisting complaints after an episode of diverticulitis were identified from an in-hospital database. Patients with at least 1 year of follow-up were sent visual analogue scales (VAS) to grade their quality of life (QoL) and the degree of discomfort caused by abdominal pain, abnormal defecation and fatigue before and after resection. Results: One hundred and five patients responded to the questionnaire (response rate 76.6%). The median follow-up was 33 (15-53) months. Elective resection improved general QoL (median VAS improvement 40) and reduced discomfort caused by abdominal pain (median VAS improvement 60) in up to 89.3 and 87.5% of patients, respectively. The effects of elective resection are less profound for discomfort caused by abnormal defecation (77.1%, median VAS improvement 33) and fatigue (75.2%, median VAS improvement 30). Conclusion: Elective resection of the sigmoid for persisting or recurring symptoms after an episode of diverticulitis improves general QoL and discomfort caused by abdominal pain, abnormal defecation and fatigue in the vast majority of patients.