Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PIP3 Induces the Recycling of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

EGFR is recycled to the cell surface in response to the phosphoinositide PIP3. Recycling Receptors The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) promotes cellular proliferation. Activation of EGFRs by ligand binding typically leads to receptor internalization and then degradation of the receptor, thereby terminating signaling downstream of the receptor. Laketa et al. found that high concentrations of the phosphoinositide PIP3 (phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate) triggered the internalization of EGFRs and their recycling to the cell surface. Because high concentrations of PIP3 can be generated both physiologically and pathophysiologically, this mechanism could prevent activated EGFRs from degradation, diverting them back to the surface to sustain the cell’s response to EGF. Down-regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is achieved by endocytosis of the receptor followed by degradation or recycling. We demonstrated that in the absence of ligand, increased phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) concentrations induced clathrin- and dynamin-mediated endocytosis of EGFR but not that of transferrin or G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptors. Endocytosis of the receptor in response to binding of EGF resulted in a decrease in the abundance of the EGFR, but PIP3-induced internalization decreased receptor ubiquitination and phosphorylation and resulted in recycling of the receptor to the plasma membrane. An RNA interference (RNAi) screen directed against lipid-binding domain–containing proteins identified polarity complex proteins, including PARD3 (partitioning defective 3), as essential for PIP3-induced receptor tyrosine kinase recycling. Thus, PIP3 and polarity complex proteins regulate receptor tyrosine kinase trafficking, which may enhance cellular responsiveness to growth factors.
- Induced Caspase-8 Activation and Apoptosis in Metastatic Neuroblasts

1. Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8126, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 54, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. 2. University Hospital CHUV, Pediatric Oncology Research, Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne, Switzerland. § Current address: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd., MS-977-225A, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 3. Medical Biology and Pathology : Departement, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Long-term sertraline treatment and depression effects on carotid artery atherosclerosis in premenopausal female primates

Objective: Atherosclerosis developed during premenopausal years predicts postmenopausal atherosclerosis burden. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, recently approved for hot flushes, have been associated with increased ischemic stroke risk in several observational studies; however, effects on carotid artery atherosclerosis, a strong predictor of future vascular events, are unknown. Methods: The effects of chronic administration of a commonly prescribed SSRI, sertraline HCl, on atherosclerosis in the carotid artery was assessed in a placebo-controlled, longitudinal, randomized study of premeonopausal depressed and nondepressed cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis; n = 42). Physiologic and behavioral phenotypes were evaluated at baseline and after 18 months of oral sertraline (20 mg/kg, n = 21) or placebo (n = 21). Carotid artery atherosclerosis was measured post mortem via histomorphometry. Results: Atherosclerosis extent in the right common carotid artery, on average, was 60% greater in sertraline-treated depressed monkeys compared with all other groups (P = 0.028). The results of linear regression analyses suggested that sertraline and depression effects on atherosclerosis were not mediated by their effects on behavioral and physiological risk factors. Conclusions: These findings suggest that chronic SSRI treatment is associated with the progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis, which may increase the risk for future vascular events, particularly in depressed women. The underlying mechanism remains to be determined, but does not appear to be related to SSRI effects on traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Voluntary pregnancy termination among women with HIV in the HAART era (2002–2008): a case series from a national study

Abstract There is limited information about the determinants of voluntary pregnancy termination (VPT) among women with HIV in the current context of wide access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). To investigate this issue, we analysed the characteristics of a series of VPTs which occurred in an ongoing observational national study of pregnant women with HIV between 2002 and 2008. Sixty-three cases of VPT were compared with 334 pregnancies not ending in a VPT concurrently reported from the same centres. VPTs showed significant associations with unplanned pregnancy (odds ratio [OR]: 24.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.8–101.2), previous pregnancies reported to the study (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.30–4.82), lower CD4 counts (270 vs. 420 cells/mm3), and HIV-infected current partner (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 0.97–3.63). Our data indicate that there is still the need to improve pregnancy planning among women with HIV, and strongly suggest that interventions aimed at improving pregnancy planning might also reduce the occurrence of VPT. Women with low CD4 counts and those with an HIV-infected partner represent two groups that should receive particular attention in preventive strategies.
Overcoming the poor immunogenicity of a protein by DNA immunization as a fusion construct

The production of antibodies against poorly immunogenic proteins is problematic. Often there is a failure to generate such antibodies. Furthermore, antibodies against other specificities are frequently induced. We describe a simple approach, analogous to conjugation to a protein carrier, whereby immunization with naked DNA was used to raise antibody to a highly homologous and poorly immunogenic allotypic protein. Deoxyribonucleic acid encoding the protein of interest was fused to DNA encoding the Fc region of a foreign Ig, resulting in increased immunogenicity. The potential applications of this approach include the production of antisera and mAb to allotypic variants, mutant proteins, and proteins that are highly conserved between species.
Sex differences in the adolescent brain and body: Findings from the saguenay youth study

This Mini‐Review describes sex differences in 66 quantitative characteristics of the brain and body measured in a community‐based sample of 1,024 adolescents 12–18 years of age, members of the Saguenay Youth Study. Using an extensive phenotyping protocol, we have obtained measures in a number of domains, including brain structure, cognition, mental health, substance use, body composition, metabolism, cardiovascular reactivity, and life style. For each measure, we provide estimates of effect size (Cohen's d) and sex‐specific correlations with age (Pearson R). In total 59 of the 66 characteristics showed sex differences (at a nominal P < 0.05), with small (32), medium‐sized (13), and large (11) effects. Some, but not all, of these sex differences increase during adolescence; this appears to be the case mostly for anatomical and physiological measures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two community outbreaks of human infection with Yersinia enterocolitica

Summary Two outbreaks of human infection with Yersinia enterocolitica in Shizuoka, Japan are described. This is the first report of community outbreaks of infection with this organism in Japan, and possibly in the world. All the strains isolated in each outbreak belonged to 0 antigen group 3, biotype 4, of the species. Despite much effort, the source and mode of spread of the infection were not established.
PERFORMANCE OF PROBIOTICS: AN ALTERNATIVE TO ANTIBIOTIC IN BROILER PRODUCTION

During the last 5 to 6 decades antibiotics have been used in an increasing amount in the field of poultry production. Antibiotics are used for treatments and as growth promoters. Now-a-days there is an increasing demand to produce antibiotic free poultry and livestock. For this purpose in my experiment the chickens were fed Probiotics at the first day before providing them any feed. In the case of Probiotics (T1) treatment the Probiotics mixed water at a dose one gram (2x 109 CFU/gm) probiotic powder with four litter water were provided to them for eight hours at the first day. Then from the 2 nd day to the 8 th day they were provided at the same dose in the morning water per day. In the case of antibiotic & Probiotics (T2) treatment, 3 days after using antibiotics, Probiotics mixed water at the same dose was provided to them for three consecutive days in the morning water. In the case of antibiotic (T0) treatment, Probiotics were not used. In the 15 th , 16 th and 17 th days Probiotics were again provided at the same dose mentioning above in the morning water for T1 and T2 treatment groups. Among all the treatments Probiotics showed the best weight and feed conversion rate (FCR). FCR of the Probiotics treated broilers was 75.08 % while the FCR of the T0 and T2 treated broilers were 63.78 % and 67.48 % respectively. The degree of difference in the case of immunity development was also noticeable. The event of incidence of Diarrhoea was zero for Probiotics treated broilers which indicated normal gut microflora raised from the exclusion and killing of pathogens in the intestinal tract while other treatment given groups showed Diarrhoea for several times. The mortality rates were 0 % for T1 and T2 treatments while the mortality rate was upto 10 % in the case of T0 group. Eventually the Probiotics treated broilers achieved the possibility of decreased human health risk.
Adenosine triphosphatase pontin is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and coregulated with reptin through a new posttranslational mechanism

Reptin and Pontin are related ATPases associated with stoichiometric amounts in several complexes involved in chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, and telomerase activity. We found that Reptin was up‐regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and that down‐regulation of Reptin led to growth arrest. We show here that Pontin messenger RNA (mRNA) is also up‐regulated in human HCC 3.9‐fold as compared to nontumor liver (P = 0.0004). Pontin expression was a strong independent factor of poor prognosis in a multivariate analysis. As for Reptin, depletion of Pontin in HuH7 cells with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) led to growth arrest. Remarkably, Pontin depletion led to down‐regulation of Reptin as shown with western blot, and vice versa. Whereas siRNAs induced a decrease of their cognate mRNA targets, they did not affect the transcripts of the partner protein. Translation of Pontin or Reptin was not altered when the partner protein was silenced. However, pulse‐chase experiments demonstrated that newly synthesized Pontin or Reptin stability was reduced in Reptin‐ or Pontin‐depleted cells, respectively. This phenomenon was reversed upon inhibition of proteasome or ubiquitin‐activating enzyme (E1). In addition, proteasome inhibition could partly restore Pontin steady‐state levels in Reptin‐depleted cells, as shown by western blot. This restoration was not observed when cells were also treated with cycloheximide, thus confirming that proteasomal degradation in this setting was restricted to newly synthesized Pontin. Conclusion: Reptin and Pontin protein levels are strictly controlled by a posttranslational mechanism involving proteasomal degradation of newly synthesized proteins. These data demonstrate a tight regulatory and reciprocal interaction between Reptin and Pontin, which may in turn lead to the maintenance of their 1:1 stoichiometry. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Management of neglected lateral condyle fractures of humerus in children: A retrospective study

Background: Late presentation of humeral lateral condylar fracture in children is a surgical dilemma. Osteosynthesis of the fracture fragment or correction of elbow deformity with osteotomies and ulnar nerve transposition or sometimes both procedures combined is a controversial topic. We retrospectively evaluated open reduction and fixation cases in late presentation of lateral humeral condyle fracture in pediatric cases with regards to union and functional results. Materials and Methods: Twenty two pediatric (≤12 years) patients with fractures of lateral condyle presenting 4 weeks or more post injury between the study period of 2006 and 2010 were included. Multiple K-wires / with or without screws along with bone grafting were used. At final evaluation, union (radiologically) and elbow function (Liverpool Elbow Score, LES) was assessed. Results: There were 19 boys and 3 girls. Followup averaged 33 months. Pain (n=9), swelling (n=6), restriction of elbow motion (n=6), prominence of lateral condylar region (n=4), valgus deformity (n=4) were the main presenting symptoms. Ulnar nerve function was normal in all patients. There were nine Milch type I and 13 type II fractures. Union occurred in 20 cases. One case had malunion and in another case there was resorption of condyle following postoperative infection and avascular necrosis. Prominent lateral condyles (4/12), fish tail appearance (n=7), premature epiphyseal closure (n=2) were other observations. LES averaged 8.12 (range, 6.66-9.54) at final followup. Conclusions: There is high rate of union and satisfactory elbow function in late presenting lateral condyle fractures in children following osteosynthesis attempt. Our study showed poor correlation between patient's age, duration of late presentation or Milch type I or II and final elbow function as determined by LES.
Vertical-Si-Nanowire SONOS Memory for Ultrahigh-Density Application

In this letter, we present the fabrication and characteristics of a gate-all-around SONOS Flash memory using a vertical Si nanowire (SiNW), which is proposed to be the key building block to realize the 3-D multilevel memory technology for ultrahigh-density application. A highly scaled SiNW with a diameter down to 50 nm using CMOS-compatible technology was achieved. Using an unoptimized SONOS gate stack (with the thickness of SiO2/Si3N4/SiO2 ~ 5/5/6 nm), the devices exhibit well-behaved memory characteristics, in terms of program/erase window, retention, and endurance properties.
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process of different cellulosic substrates using a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae harbouring the β-glucosidase gene

In Brazil, the production of ethanol from sugarcane produces large amounts of lignocellulosic residues (bagasse and straw), which have been driving research and development for the production of second generation ethanol. In the present work, a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain expressing the β-glucosidase gene from Humicola grisea was used for ethanol production from three different cellulosic sources by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Initially, a enzymatic pre-hydrolysis step was done with a solid:liquid ratio of 1:4, and an enzymatic load of 25 filter paper activity (FPU). g -1 of cellulosic substrate. Using sugarcane bagasse pretreated cellulignin, crystalline cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, 51.7 g L -1 , 41.7 g L -1 and 13.8 g L -1 of ethanol was obtained, respectively, at the end of 55 hrs of fermentation. The highest ethanol productivity (0.94 g L -1 hrs -1 ) was achieved using sugarcane bagasse pretreated cellulignin. The use of a recombinant S. cerevisiae led to extremely low glucose concentrations when compared to other works reported in literature.
A variational approach to the extraction of in-phase and quadrature components

A variational approach is used to define the carrier frequency and the in-phase and quadrature components of a real-valued pulse-like signal. This approach produces a representation in which the in-phase and quadrature components have the smallest possible amount of functional variation. The variational theory is compared with the standard theory of Gabor. The two theories are found to produce essentially the same results for narrowband signals, but in the wideband case, they can differ by an extent that might be significant for the processing of Doppler perturbed radar data.
Effects of early adolescent alcohol use on mid-adolescent school performance and connection: a longitudinal study of students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States.

BACKGROUND This article examines the effect of early adolescent alcohol use on mid-adolescent school suspension, truancy, commitment, and academic failure in Washington State, United States, and Victoria, Australia. Also of interest was whether associations remain after statistically controlling for other factors known to predict school outcomes. METHODS State-representative student samples were surveyed in 2002 (grade 7; N = 1858) and followed up annually to 2004 (grade 9) in both sites. Students completed a modified version of the Communities That Care survey to report alcohol use, school outcomes, and risk and protective factors. Response rates were above 74% and retention rates exceeded 98% in both places. RESULTS Controlling for grade 7 risk factors, grade 7 current alcohol use, and heavy episodic drinking were associated with grade 8 school suspension. Grade 7 current and frequent alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking were linked to grade 9 truancy. In fully adjusted analyses, associations between early alcohol use and academic failure and low school commitment did not remain. CONCLUSIONS Although alcohol use is one factor influencing school performance and connection, there are other risk factors that need to be targeted to improve school outcomes.
Ribosomal Protein S9 Is a Novel B23/NPM-binding Protein Required for Normal Cell Proliferation*

B23 (NPM/nucleophosmin) is a multifunctional nucleolar protein and a member of the nucleoplasmin superfamily of acidic histone chaperones. B23 is essential for normal embryonic development and plays an important role in genomic stability, ribosome biogenesis, and anti-apoptotic signaling. Altered protein expression or genomic mutation of B23 is encountered in many different forms of cancer. Although described as multifunctional, a genuine molecular function of B23 is not fully understood. Here we show that B23 is associated with a protein complex consisting of ribosomal proteins and ribosome-associated RNA helicases. A novel, RNA-independent interaction between ribosomal protein S9 (RPS9) and B23 was further investigated. We found that S9 binding requires an intact B23 oligomerization domain. Depletion of S9 by small interfering RNA resulted in decreased protein synthesis and G1 cell cycle arrest, in association with induction of p53 target genes. We determined that S9 is a short-lived protein in the absence of ribosome biogenesis, and proteasomal inhibition significantly increased S9 protein level. Overexpression of B23 facilitated nucleolar storage of S9, whereas knockdown of B23 led to diminished levels of nucleolar S9. Our results suggest that B23 selectively stores, and protects ribosomal protein S9 in nucleoli and therefore could facilitate ribosome biogenesis.
An unconditionally stable finite difference scheme systems described by second order partial differential equations

An unconditionally stable finite difference scheme for systems whose dynamics are described by a second-order partial differential equation is developed. The scheme is motivated by the well-known Crank-Nicolson discretization which was developed for first-order systems. The stability of the finite-difference scheme is analysed by von Neumann's method. Using the new scheme, a discrete in time and space model of a deformable mirror is derived as the basis for control law design. The convergence of this scheme for various values of the discretization parameters is checked by numerical simulations.
[Ocular manifestations in patients who had malnutrition in the first six months of life].

PURPOSE To investigate possible ophthalmologic alterations in patients who had severe malnutrition during the first six months of life. METHODS 182 eyes of 91, 2 to 11-year-old, children who had had severe malnutrition during the first six months of life (study group) were analyzed. As a control group 88 children selected according to similar characteristics of age, gender, demographic and economic conditions were included. RESULTS In the study group, a higher frequency of children with visual acuity from 0.3 to 0.1 and less than 0.1 (11.5% versus 0.7% - p< 0.0001) was observed. There was a higher frequency of astigmatism and myopia in the study group. A higher frequency of astigmatism of one diopter or more in the study group (p< 0.0001) was also observed. The fundoscopic alterations were pale optic nerve (2.2%), increased disc cup (4.4%), increased vascular tortuosity (6.6%), alteration of retina color (13.2%) and retinal pigment epithelium cell atrophy (12.0%). CONCLUSIONS The present data support the concept that early malnutrition interferes in the individual's visual health. Further studies are necessary to establish a more precise cause-effect relationship.
Local climate determines intra‐ and interspecific variation in sexual size dimorphism in mountain grasshopper communities

The climate is often evoked to explain broad‐scale clines of body size, yet its involvement in the processes that generate size inequality in the two sexes (sexual size dimorphism) remains elusive. Here, we analyse climatic clines of sexual size dimorphism along a wide elevation gradient (i) among grasshopper species in a phylogenetically controlled scenario and (ii) within species differing in distribution and cold tolerance, to highlight patterns generated at different time scales, mainly evolutionary (among species or higher taxa) and ontogenetic or microevolutionary (within species). At the interspecific level, grasshoppers were slightly smaller and less dimorphic at high elevations. These clines were associated with gradients of precipitation and sun exposure, which are likely indicators of other factors that directly exert selective pressures, such as resource availability and conditions for effective thermoregulation. Within species, we found a positive effect of temperature and a negative effect of elevation on body size, especially on condition‐dependent measures of body size (total body length rather than hind femur length) and in species inhabiting the highest elevations. In spite of a certain degree of species‐specific variation, females tended to adjust their body size more often than males, suggesting that body size in females can evolve faster among species and can be more plastic or dependent on nutritional conditions within species living in adverse climates. Natural selection on female body size may therefore prevail over sexual selection on male body size in alpine environments, and abiotic factors may trigger consistent phenotypic patterns across taxonomic scales.