Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of factors predictive of lingual nerve injury in third molar surgery.

The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for temporary and permanent lingual nerve injury after extraction of mandibular third molars. It was based on a 4-year prospective study of 2134 consecutive mandibular third molar operations in 1384 consecutive day case patients. During the study period (1994-1998) data were collected prospectively on patient, dental and surgical factors and correlated with lingual nerve injury using Student's t test, xi(2) and multiple logistic regression analysis. The incidence of temporary and permanent lingual nerve injury was 1 and 0.3%, respectively, per tooth. Factors that predicted temporary and permanent lingual nerve injury by univariate analysis were age, depth of application, difficulty of operation, surgeon and surgical technique used. Independent risk factors identified by multivariate analysis for temporary lingual nerve injury were perforation of the lingual plate, exposure of the nerve and increased difficulty of operation. The predictors for permanent lingual nerve injury in order of importance were perforation of the lingual plate, surgeon, increased difficulty of operation, exposure of the nerve and increased age of the patient. Surgical factors are the main contributors to lingual nerve injury during third molar extraction, but patient and dental factors are also involved.
Immunophenotyping of fetal haemopoietic cells permissive for human parvovirus B19 replication in vitro

Summary. Human parvovirus B19 is known to inhibit erythroid colony formation in vitro, but the precise stage of differentiation at which erythroid precursors become capable of supporting viral replication has not been accurately determined. In order to address this issue, haemopoietic cells derived from first trimester fetal liver were cultured in medium containing B19 antigen‐positive serum. Infected cells were phenotyped by combining immunohistology for cell‐type specific antigens with non‐isotopic in situ hybridization for B19 nucleic acid. Strong nuclear hybridization signal was detected as early as 8 h after infection in erythroid precursors labelling with antibodies to glycophorin A. glycophorin C, CD43, CD36 and HLA‐ABC (pronormoblast or normoblast phenotype). Giant erythroid precursors labelling with the same five antibodies were a pathognomonic feature of infected cultures, but contained relatively little B19 nucleic acid. Hybridization signal was not detected in progenitor cells of more primitive erythroid phenotype or in nuclei of cells of other lineages, though B19 DNA was occasionally localized within the cytoplasm of macrophages. Double‐labelling with antibody Ki‐67 confirmed that proliferating cells were targets for B19 infection. Co‐detection of cell‐type specific antigens and viral nucleic acid is a powerful tool for investigating host cell specificity, and suggests that proliferating late erythroid precursors are the only haemopoietic cells fully permissive for B19 infection.
Effect of extraction method on quality of orange juice: hand-squeezed, commercial-fresh squeezed and processed.

BACKGROUND Fresh orange juice is perceived to be more wholesome than processed juice. Fresh juice may have flavor and nutrients that differ from pasteurized or processed juice. RESULTS 'Hamlin' and 'Valencia' oranges were extracted using a commercial food service juicer, pasteurized or not, resulting in fresh-commercial juice (FCJ) or pasteurized juice (FCPJ) for comparison with pasteurized processed juice (PPJ) in 2009, and gently hand-squeezed 'Valencia' juice (HSJ) in 2010 for quality attributes. There was higher peel oil, lower pectin content, and less cloud loss in FCJ/FCPJ compared to PPJ and HSJ regardless of pasteurization. Titratable acidity was generally higher and the ratio of solids to acids lower in FCJ/FCPJ or HSJ compared to PPJ. FCJ/FCPJ had generally higher levels of most aroma volatiles than did PPJ and, overall, the highest esters and terpenes, while methanol and ethanol levels were highest in HSJ. For sensory evaluation, FCJ/FCPJ had more peel oil and PPJ more cooked flavor than other samples, while 'Valencia' HSJ was preferred over the other juices. CONCLUSION High peel oil content and thermo-pasteurization process decreased cloud loss of orange juice. Extraction and finishing processes rather than pasteurization or oil content were major factors in influencing orange juice flavor quality.
Sertraline Versus Placebo in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Randomized, Controlled Feasibility Trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Depression is common in patients on hemodialysis, but data on the benefits and risks of antidepressants in this setting are limited. We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sertraline over 6 months in patients on hemodialysis with depression to determine study feasibility, safety, and effectiveness. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Patients on hemodialysis at five United Kingdom renal centers completed the Beck Depression Inventory II. Those scoring ≥16 and not already on treatment for depression were invited to undergo diagnostic interview to confirm major depressive disorder. Eligible patients with major depressive disorder were randomized to receive the study medication-either sertraline or placebo. Outcomes included recruitment and dropout rates, change in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory II, and qualitative information to guide design of a large-scale trial. RESULTS In total, 709 patients were screened and enrolled between April of 2013 and October of 2014; 231 (32.6%) had Beck Depression Inventory II scores ≥16, and 68 (29%) of these were already receiving treatment for depression. Sixty-three underwent diagnostic interview, 37 were diagnosed with major depressive disorder, and 30 were randomized; 21 completed the trial: eight of 15 on sertraline and 13 of 15 on placebo (P=0.05). Dropouts due to adverse and serious adverse events were greater in the sertraline group. All occurred in the first 3 months. Over 6 months, depression scores improved in both groups. Beck Depression Inventory II score fell from 29.1±8.4 to 17.3±12.4 (P<0.001), and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score fell from 24.5±4.1 to 10.3±5.8 (P<0.001). There were no differences between sertraline and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Although small, this is the largest randomized trial to date of antidepressant medication in patients on hemodialysis. Our results highlight recruitment issues. No benefit was observed, but trial size and the substantial dropout render consideration of benefit inconclusive. A definitive trial could use shorter follow-up and include depressed patients already taking antidepressants.
A Novel 2.5D Feature Descriptor Compensating for Depth Rotation

We introduce a novel type of local image descriptor based on Gabor filter responses. Our method operates on RGB-D images. We use the depth information to compensate for perspective distortions caused by out-ofplane rotations. The descriptor contains the responses of a multi-resolution Gabor bank. Contrary to existing methods that rely on a dominant orientation estimate to achieve rotation invariance, we utilize the orientation information in the Gabor bank to achieve rotation invariance during the matching stage. Compared to SIFT and a recent also projective distortion compensating descriptor proposed for RGB-D data, our method achieves a significant increase in accuracy when tested on a wide-baseline RGB-D matching dataset.
Point prevalence of complex wounds in a defined United Kingdom population

Complex wounds (superficial‐, partial‐, or full‐thickness skin loss wounds healing by secondary intention) are common; however, there is a lack of high‐quality, contemporary epidemiological data. This paper presents point prevalence estimates for complex wounds overall as well as for individual types. A multiservice, cross‐sectional survey was undertaken across a United Kingdom city (Leeds, population 751,485) during 2 weeks in spring of 2011. The mean age of people with complex wounds was approximately 70 years, standard deviation 19.41. The point prevalence of complex wounds was 1.47 per 1,000 of the population, 95% confidence interval 1.38 to 1.56. While pressure ulcers and leg ulcers were the most frequent, one in five people in the sample population had a less common wound type. Surveys confined to people with specific types of wound would underestimate the overall impact of complex wounds on the population and health care resources.
Simultaneous measurement of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and 14 enteroviruses in chronic fatigue syndrome: is there evidence of activation of a nonspecific polyclonal immune response?

As a test of the hypothesis that elevated titers of viral antibodies in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are due to a nonspecific polyclonal immune response, antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), and 14 enteroviruses in 20 patients with CFS and 20 age- and gender-matched controls were simultaneously measured. Similarly, titers of IgG to herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 were measured in 18 of these cases and in the respective controls. IgG to EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) was present at titers > or = 1:320 in 55% of cases vs. 15% of controls (P = .02). The geometric mean titers of early antigen antibody to EBV, HHV-6 IgG, and HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG were not significantly different among cases and controls. Of the 14 enteroviral antibodies tested for, only those to coxsackieviruses B1 and B4 were present at significant titers (> or = 1:8) in cases vs. controls (P = .02 and P = .001, respectively). Of the cases, 19 (95%) had either an EBV VCA IgG titer > or = 1:320 or a coxsackievirus B1 or B4 antibody titer > or = 1:8, a percentage significantly higher than that of controls (40%; P = .0004). Titers of EBV VCA IgG and coxsackievirus B1 and B4 antibodies were simultaneously elevated in only 20% of cases. There was no correlation between elevated titers of EBV VCA IgG and IgG to HHV-6, HSV-1, and HSV-2 or antibody to coxsackieviruses B1 and B4 in the cases. The prevalence of reported allergies to medications or other substances was identical in both groups (60%). These findings suggest that in the majority of cases of CFS, elevation of viral antibody titers is not due to a nonspecific polyclonal immune response.
Over the sands and far away: Interpreting an Iberian mitochondrial lineage with ancient Western African origins

There is an ongoing effort to characterize the genetic links between Africa and Europe, mostly using lineages and haplotypes that are specific to one continent but had an ancient origin in the other. Mitochondrial DNA has been proven to be a very useful tool for this purpose since a high number of putatively European‐specific variants of the African L* lineages have been defined over the years. Due to their geographic locations, Spain and Portugal seem to be ideal places for searching for these lineages.
Medical Students' Perceptions Of Their Learning Environment At Lahore Medical And Dental College Lahore.

BACKGROUND The present study was designed to assess medical students' perceptions of their learning environment at Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. METHODS It was a crosssectional descriptive study conducted at Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. Five hundred and thirty-three students participated in this study. A questionnaire was used as a study tool, comprising of demographic information and the 'Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure' (DREEM) inventory. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 21 package. A comparison of scores between different MBBS classes was done by using ANOVA. Comparison of scores between gender and high school education was done by using Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Study population included 62% females and 32% males. About 58% of the participants were between 18-21 years and 42% were between 22-25 years of age. The mean total DREEM score was 120.27/200. The mean score of the domains: 'Students' perceptions of learning' was 28.31/48, 'Students' perceptions of teaching' was 26.92/44, 'Students' academic self- perceptions' was 21.37/32, 'Students' perceptions of atmosphere' was 27.72/48, and 'Students' social selfperceptions' was 16.40/28. Total DREEM and its subclasses score was significantly higher in F. Sc. students than the students with A level/American board (p-value <0.001). When DREEM scores were analyzed according to gender, perceptions of both male and female were positive. Age had no significant bearing on the total DREEM scores or scores in its subclasses. CONCLUSIONS Overall perceptions or experiences of the MBBS students of their learning environment at Lahore medical and Dental College, Lahore were more positive.
Low-Frequency Signals in Long Tree-Ring Chronologies for Reconstructing Past Temperature Variability

Preserving multicentennial climate variability in long tree-ring records is critically important for reconstructing the full range of temperature variability over the past 1000 years. This allows the putative “Medieval Warm Period” (MWP) to be described and to be compared with 20th-century warming in modeling and attribution studies. We demonstrate that carefully selected tree-ring chronologies from 14 sites in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropics can preserve such coherent large-scale, multicentennial temperature trends if proper methods of analysis are used. In addition, we show that the average of these chronologies supports the large-scale occurrence of the MWP over the NH extratropics.
The effects on helplessness and recovery of an empowerment program for hospitalized persons with schizophrenia.

PURPOSE The study aim was to evaluate the effects on helplessness and recovery of an empowering program for patients with chronic schizophrenia. DESIGN AND METHODS A repeated-measure design with a control group was used. The subjects consisted of 46 patients with schizophrenia admitted in three psychiatric hospitals in South Korea. The experimental group (n = 23) received the empowering program twice a week for 60 min, with a total of 6 weeks. FINDINGS This finding revealed that the empowering program was effective on helplessness (F = 185.218, p <.001) and recovery (F = 159.402, p <.001, F = 34.154, p <.001) of hospitalized persons with schizophrenia. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrated that the empowering program can be a useful psychiatric nursing intervention.
Forecasting inflation in post-oil boom years: A case for regime switches?

In this study, we investigate the relative performance of various non-linear models against that of an autoregressive model in forecasting future inflation. We find that non-linear models have trivial forecast superiority over the univariate autoregressive model in terms of central forecast accuracy. They also perform poorly when their forecasts are measured against those of a VAR model. In addition, we also show that non-linear models cannot beat the random walk in terms of central forecast accuracy, which is in line with the previous literature on Azerbaijan during the post-oil boom years. However, we also demonstrate that non-linear models still have clear forecast advantages over both linear and random walk models in predicting forecast density.
Does the Volatility of Exchange Rate Affect the Economic Performance of Countries in the West African Monetary Zone? A Case of Nigeria and Ghana

It has been recognized that sustaining a relatively stable exchange rate is important in boosting economic growth. Volatility of exchange rate induces uncertainty and risk in investment decisions with subverting impact on the macroeconomic performance. This study examined whether the volatility of exchange rate has implications for the economic performance of the countries in the West African Monetary Zone. Nigeria and Ghana were chosen as case studies for the period from 1980 to 2013. Exchange rate variability was measured using the GARCH approach. The empirical results confirm that exchange rate volatility have a significant negative effect on economic growth. This implies that policy that will enhance stability of the exchange rate will promote growth therefore the WAMZ countries must prioritize the enhancement and promotion of a stable exchange rate and interest rate policy that that will encourage investors to invest in sectors if steady economic growth is to be attained. Also adequate steps must be put in place for the fine-tuning of exchange rate dynamics which otherwise can frustrate the impeding monetary integration by WAMZ members.
Shifting Interpolation Kernel Toward Orthogonal Projection

Orthogonal projection offers the optimal solution for many sampling-reconstruction problems in terms of the least square error. In the standard interpolation setting where the sampling is assumed to be ideal, however, the projection is impossible unless the interpolation kernel is related to the sinc function and the input is bandlimited. In this paper, we propose a notion of shifting kernel toward the orthogonal projection. For a given interpolation kernel, we formulate optimization problems whose solutions lead to shifted interpolations that, while still being interpolatory, are closest to the orthogonal projection in the sense of the minimax regret. The quality of interpolation is evaluated in terms of the average approximation error over input shift. For the standard linear interpolation, we obtain several values of optimal shift, dependent on a priori information on input signals. For evaluation, we apply the new shifted linear interpolations to a Gaussian signal, an ECG signal, a speech signal, a two-dimensional signal, and three natural images. Significant improvements are observed over the standard and the 0.21-shifted linear interpolation proposed early.
Surgical Anatomy of the Hepatic Arteries in 1000 Cases

ObjectiveAnatomic variations in the hepatic arteries were studied in donor livers that were used for orthotopic transplantation. Summary Background DataVariations have occurred in 25% to 75% of cases. Donor livers represent an appropriate model for study because extrahepatic arterial anatomy must be defined precisely to ensure complete arterialization of the graft at time of transplantation. MethodsRecords of 1000 patients who underwent liver harvesting for orthotopic transplantation between 1984 and 1993 were reviewed. ResultsArterial patterns in order of frequency included the normal Type 1 anatomy (n = 757), with the common hepatic artery arising from the celiac axis to form the gastroduodenal and proper hepatic arteries and the proper hepatic dividing distally into right and left branches; Type 3 (n = 106), with a replaced or accessory right hepatic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery; Type 2 (n = 97), with a replaced or accessory left hepatic artery arising from the left gastric artery; Type 4 (n = 23), with both right and left hepatic arteries arising from the superior mesenteric and left gastric arteries, respectively; Type 5 (n = 15), with the entire common hepatic artery arising as a branch of the superior mesenteric; and Type 6 (n = 2), with the common hepatic artery originating directly from the aorta. ConclusionsThese data are useful for the planning and conduct of surgical and radiological procedures of the upper abdomen, including lapardscopic operations of the biliary tract.
Live births after autologous transplant of cryopreserved mouse ovaries.

The fertility of mice after autologous transplantation of ovaries, before or after cryopreservation, was investigated in this study. Female mice were randomly assigned to either sham-operated (n = 14), ovariectomized (n = 11), fresh (n = 12) or cryopreserved (n = 11) ovarian transplant groups. Ovaries were cryopreserved in 1.4 M dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) by cooling to -55 degrees C at 0.5 degree C/min (ice nucleation at -7 degrees C), plunged in liquid nitrogen and then thawed at room temperature. Oestrous cyclicity was observed 7 days after sham operation or 15 days after fresh or cryopreserved ovarian transplant. Ovariectomized animals did not demonstrate oestrous cyclicity but were mated, and no pregnancies resulted. Live births were recorded from all sham-operated, all fresh transplant, and 8/11 (73%) cryopreserved transplant animals. Overall mean +/- SEM litter sizes from fresh (4.32 +/- 0.44) and cryopreserved (4.71 +/- 0.57) transplant groups were smaller (P < 0.05) than those of sham-operated animals (12.54 +/- 0.44), although the sizes were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from each other. Animals were mated at least four times, with four litters of live pups from 4/4 sham-operated, 1/10 fresh and 1/9 cryopreserved ovarian transplant animals. Litter sizes from pups of sham-operated and transplant animals were not significantly different from each other. Following autologous transplantation of mouse ovaries, before or after cryopreservation, offspring appeared normal, with high rates of fertility.
Obesity Does Not Affect Mortality after Trauma

Although obesity has been proposed as a risk factor for adverse outcomes after trauma, numerous studies report conflicting results. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes of obese and nonobese patients after trauma. The study population consisted of all trauma patients admitted to a surgical intensive care unit in a Level I trauma center from January 1999 to December 2002. Admission data, demographics, injury severity score (ISS), severity of illness, hospital course, complications, and outcomes were compared between obese (OB; body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30), and nonobese patients (NOB; BMI ≤ 29). A total of 918 patients was included in the study, 135 OB (14.7%) and 783 NOB (85.3%). There was no significant difference in demographic data, ISS, APACHE II score, and hospital stay. Intensive care unit stay was longer for OB patients (6.8 vs 4.8 days, P = 0.04). Overall mortality was 5.9 per cent for OB and 8.0 per cent for NOB patients (P = 0.48). Mortality by mechanism of injury was 3.4 per cent OB versus 7.4 per cent NOB (P = 0.26) for blunt and 10.6 per cent OB versus 10.2 per cent NOB (P = 0.9) for penetrating injury. The three most common complications associated with death were pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurological deterioration. Using logistic regression analysis, age and ISS and APACHE II scores were associated with mortality, but BMI was not. We conclude that obesity does not appear to be a risk factor for adverse outcomes after blunt or penetrating trauma. Further research is warranted to uncover the reason for discrepant findings between centers.
Zinc Binding by Lactic Acid Bacteria

Zinc is an essential trace element for all organisms. A common method for the prevention of zinc deficiency is pharmacological supplementation, especially in a high available form of a metalo-protein complex. The potential of different microbes in binding of essential and toxic heavy metals has been recently recognized. In this work, biosorption of zinc by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was investigated. Specific LAB were assessed for their ability to bind zinc from water solution. Significant amount of zinc ions were bound, and this binding was found to be strain specific. Differences among the strains in binding performance at a concentration range between 10 – 90 mg/L were evaluated with Langmuir model for biosorption. Binding of zinc was a fast process, strongly influenced by ionic strength, pH, biomass concentration, and temperature. The most effective metal binding strain was Leuconostoc mesenteroides (27.10 mg Zn2+/g dm bounded at pH=5 and 32 °C, during 24 hours). FT-IR spectroscopy analysis and electron microscopy demonstrated that passive adsorption and active uptake of the zinc ions were involved.