Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Bulimia Nervosa: Is It Better than other Treatments and Who Does It Work for?

Evidence has shown cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to be an efficacious treatment for patients with bulimia nervosa (Wilson, Fairburn, Agras, Walsh, & Kraemer, 2002). Although CBT is an evidenced-based treatment, there are still many issues that remain unanswered. One issue that remains is whether CBT is more effective than other psychotherapies or drug therapies for the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN). Another issue is the limitations of researchers' understanding of the mechanisms through which CBT works and the patient characteristics that are compatible with this form of treatment. This paper will: 1) briefly explain how CBT conceptualizes BN and give a rough outline of the treatment plan; 2) present studies that investigate CBT in comparison to other treatments and studies that examine patient characteristics that may mediate the outcome of CBT on BN; 3) provide an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of these studies and; 4) express the author's opinion of the clinical application of CBT for patients with bulimia nervosa when considering the individual differences of the patients.
Fuzzy Logic Based Cluster Head Election for Wireless Sensor Network

In practice, hundreds or thousands of wireless sensor nodes are used to form a complex but useful wireless sensor network for monitoring and analysis of the environmental purpose. In general, environmental monitoring cluster based hierarchical routing protocol is among the most common protocol being opted due to the load balancing among each other sensor. Normally, sensors are randomly deployed in a specific area to collect useful information periodically for a few months or even a few years. Therefore, the lifetime of battery power becomes a limitation and challenging issue. It is impractical to maintain the network lifetime by changing the battery frequently. LEACH is one of the famous clustering protocols that elect the cluster head based on the probability model which will possibly lead to a reduce in network lifetime due to selection of cluster head with a least desired location in the network. For wireless sensor networks, the distribution of cluster head selection directly influences the networkâ€™s lifetime. This paper presents a fuzzy logic based cluster head election conducted in base station. The base station is placed in the middle of the network and it considers two selection criteria from sensor nodes which are energy level and distance to the base station to select the suitable cluster head that will prolong the first node die (FND) time and data stream guaranteed in every single round. The proposed method also eliminates the need of location information, Global Positioning System (GPS) of the sensor nodes, as GPS may be ineffective in some cases.
The nutritive value of extruded corn in nutrition of broiler chickens

In poultry farming is increasing effort to increasing profitability and decreasing of feed cost. Behind the components that are part of the mixture, the most of cost makes processing of nutrients. Extrusion is process which is increasingly used in order to enhance the quality of different feed for poultry. The aim of this research was comparative testing of nutritional value of extruded and nonextruded corn in nutrition of broiler chicken. The experiment was conducted under experimental growing conditions, in duration of 42 days. The following parameters were measured: growth, feed intake and vitality of broilers. The experiment was divided into two groups of chickens hybrid Ross-308, which were grown separately by sex with 8 replication. The first group was fed standard pelleted mixtures for growing chickens, in which the entire amount of corn in the mixture was extruded, and the second, control group was fed the same food in which corn was not extruded. In the second week of rearing the body weight was 437 g in both groups. In 4th week of age the average body weight was 1439g in group I, and 1419 in group II. For the first group conversion was 1,69 and for the second it was 1,71. The final body weight amounted 2595g for the first group and 2609 for the control group. In the first group conversion was 1,91, mortality 4,39% and the production index had a value of 309, and in the second 1,92; 4,56% and 306. In this study excellent production effects were achieved, so it was not expected that extrusion could achieve better production effects. These results showed that extrusion process does not always give the expected effects.
An XMM–Newton spectral survey of 12 μm selected galaxies – I. X-ray data

We present an X-ray spectral analysis of 126 galaxies of the 12 μm galaxy sample. By studying this sample at X-ray wavelengths, we aim to determine the intrinsic power, continuum shape and obscuration level in these sources. We improve upon previous works by the use of superior data in the form of higher signal-to-noise ratio spectra, finer spectral resolution and a broader bandpass from XMM–Newton. We pay particular attention to Compton thick active galactic nucleus (AGN) with the help of new spectral fitting models that we have produced, which are based on Monte Carlo simulations of X-ray radiative transfer, using both a spherical and torus geometry, and taking into account Compton scattering and iron fluorescence. We use this data to show that with a torus geometry, unobscured sightlines can achieve a maximum equivalent width of the Fe Kα line of ∼150 eV, originally shown by Ghisellini et al. In order for this to be exceeded, the line of sight must be obscured with NH > 10 23 cm −2 , as we show for one case, NGC 3690. We also calculate flux suppression factors from the simulated data, the main conclusion from which is that for NH ≥ 10 25 cm −2 , the X-ray flux is suppressed by a factor of at least 10 in all X-ray bands and at all redshifts, revealing the biases present against these extremely heavily obscured systems inherent in all X-ray surveys. Furthermore, we confirm previous results from Murphy & Yaqoob that show that the reflection fraction determined from slab geometries is underestimated with respect to toroidal geometries. For the 12 μm selected galaxies, we investigate the distribution of X-ray power-law indices, finding that the mean (� � �= 1.90 +0.05 −0.07 and σ � = 0.31 +0.05 −0.05 ) is consistent with previous works, and that the distribution = = = =
Intrinsic size correlations in weak lensing

We present a simple model for describing intrinsic correlations for galaxy sizes based on the halo model. Studying these correlations is important both to improve our understanding of galaxy properties and because it is an important potential systematic for weak lensing size magnification measurements. Our model assumes that the density field drives these intrinsic correlations and we also model the distribution of satellite galaxies. We calculate the possible contamination to measurements of lensing convergence power spectrum from galaxy sizes, and show that the cross-correlation of intrinsic sizes with convergence is potentially an important systematic. We also explore how these intrinsic size correlations may affect surveys with different redshift depth. We find that, in this simple approach, intrinsic size correlations cannot be neglected in order to estimate lensing convergence power spectrum for constraining cosmological parameters.
The New Numerical Galaxy Catalog ($\nu^2$GC): An Updated Semi-analytic Model of Galaxy and AGN with Large Cosmological N-body Simulation

We present a new cosmological galaxy formation model, $\nu^2$GC, as an updated version of our previous model $\nu$GC. We adopt the so-called "semi-analytic" approach, in which the formation history of dark matter halos is computed by ${\it N}$-body simulations, while the baryon physics such as gas cooling, star formation and supernova feedback are simply modeled by phenomenological equations. Major updates of the model are as follows: (1) the merger trees of dark matter halos are constructed in state-of-the-art ${\it N}$-body simulations, (2) we introduce the formation and evolution process of supermassive black holes and the suppression of gas cooling due to active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity, (3) we include heating of the intergalactic gas by the cosmic UV background, and (4) we tune some free parameters related to the astrophysical processes using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Our ${\it N}$-body simulations of dark matter halos have unprecedented box size and mass resolution (the largest simulation contains 550 billion particles in a 1.12 Gpc/h box), enabling the study of much smaller and rarer objects. The model was tuned to fit the luminosity functions of local galaxies and mass function of neutral hydrogen. Local observations, such as the Tully-Fisher relation, size-magnitude relation of spiral galaxies and scaling relation between the bulge mass and black hole mass were well reproduced by the model. Moreover, the model also well reproduced the cosmic star formation history and the redshift evolution of rest-frame ${\it K}$-band luminosity functions. The numerical catalog of the simulated galaxies and AGNs is publicly available on the web.
Is the palliative medicine specialist unique among medical practitioners? A comparative study of the personality of specialists in palliative medicine, surgery, anaesthesiology and general practice

Background. The medical profession is very often connected with high levels of job stress and the risk of its negative consequences concerning the mental and physical health of medical practitioners, as well as the quality of help they deliver. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether there is a specific personality profile for medical practitioners in palliative care and whether it is different from the personality profile for other specialists and from norms adequate to age and sex. Material and methods. A sample of 302 medical practitioners took part in the study: 79 with specialization in palliative medicine or at a final stage prior to specialization; 84 specialists in general practice; 74 surgeons and 65 anaesthetists. Each participant was asked to complete a sociodemographic questionnaire and NEOFFI Inventory. The level of personality traits for medical practitioners from the above mentioned specializations was marked. Results. In comparison with normal values, palliative medicine specialists had significantly lower levels of neuroticism but significantly higher for extraversion and openness to experience. What is more, extraversion, openness to experience and agreeableness differed in specialists in palliative medicine from other medical practitioners. Conclusion. The results shed some light on biologically determined and relatively constant personality traits in medical practitioners choosing to work in a particular specialization.
A component-based toolkit for simulating reacting flows with high order spatial discretisations on structured adaptively refined meshes

We present an innovative methodology for developing scientific and mathematical codes for computational studies of reacting flow. High-order (>2) spatial discretisations are combined, for the first time, with multi-level block structured adaptively refined meshes (SAMR) to resolve regions of high gradients efficiently. Within the SAMR context, we use 4th order spatial discretisations to achieve the desired numerical accuracy while maintaining a shallow grid hierarchy. We investigate in detail the pairing between the order of the spatial discretisation and the order of the interpolant, and their effect on the overall order of accuracy. These new approaches are implemented in a high performance, component-based architecture (Common Component Architecture) and achieve software re-usability, flexibility and modularity. The high-order approach and the software design are demonstrated and validated on three test cases modelled as reaction-diffusion systems of increasing complexity. We also demonstrate that the 4th order SAMR approach can be computationally more economical compared to second-order approaches.
Management of Subfertile Males

INTRODUCTION A couple is considered infertile when pregnancy does not ensue after 2 to 3 years of marriage during which time intercourse was indulged in sufficiently and frequently and at the propitious time in the menstrual cycle. In 1958 Buxton and Southam stated that in approximately 10% of the marriages there is difficulty in producing pregnancy and the husband may be partly or completely responsible for subfertility in 40% of couples. In the present study the results obtained by the use of an indigenous, non-hormonal preparation Speman (Himalaya) are compared to the results of another series treated with different hormonal preparations. The purpose of this article is to show that although it may not be possible to achieve a successful pregnancy in every couple, non-specific use of the indigenous drug Speman may prove worthwhile, particularly where any specific pathology is not detectable.
REDUCED DOSES OF A SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDE FOR WEED MANAGEMENT IN WHEAT FIELDS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Reduction in herbicide usage without compromising yields can lead to less environmental harm and lower production costs. Field trials were conducted to appraise the efficacy of reduced doses (25, 50, and 75% of the label dose) of a post emergence sulfonylurea herbicide [Atlantis 3.6WG (iodo+mesosulfuron)] to control weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields of Punjab, Pakistan. Below-labeled-doses were quite effective in suppressing total weed density (72-95%) and biomass (8394%), and wheat grain yield was increased by 22 to 48% over the weedy control, while label dose of iodo+mesosulfuron improved yield by 53%. Iodo+mesosulfuron at 25 and 50% of the label dose inhibited grass weeds by 43 to 64%, albeit their biomass was suppressed by > 80% over control. Wheat yields for reduced herbicide doses (50 and 75%) were not different with label dose. Economic analysis revealed that the maximum marginal rate of return was recorded for 50% of the label herbicide dose and was followed by that observed for 25% of the label dose. Reduced doses of herbicide can be an effective tool in minimizing herbicide inputs and lowering production costs in wheat production without compromising yields.
Detection of Most Pathogenic Bacteria in Renal Failure and Urinary Tract Infections Patients with Antibiotics Patterns

Urinary tract infection (UTIs) are some of the most common infections experienced by humans and most common cause of both community and nosoncomial infection for patients admitted to hospitals in worldwide. To shed light on this subject, present study was done to investigate relationship between bacterial infection and renal failure after treatment by follow up general urine examination, blood urea and serum creatinine. Two hundred and thirty samples has been taken from individuals their ages between (2 to 70) years old males and females these included one hundred and five urine samples from females and one hundred and twenty five urine samples from males. Samples has been tested by general urine examination by microscope and by chemical tested by (Strip urine-uorscan) by using number of chemical factors like (S. siliva celicielic acid, Benedict, Barium chloride Bacl, Ehrlich's, Foshus), also culture and antibiotics sensitivity test was done. Results of general urine examination appears two hundred and twenty two suffer from urinary tract infection percent 96.5% and 8 only with no urinary tract infection in 3.45% percent from urine samples. It has been taken two hundred and twenty two blood Samples from individuals who has urinary tract infection then detected (Blood urea, serum creatinine and urine sugar tests) to know relationship between bacterial infections and renal failure. Also in this study detected different types of bacteria pathogens in which isolated from patients with urinary tract infection with or without renal failure, Serotyping and antibiotics sensitivity test also done to known more suitable drug for each pathogens and antibiotic resistance.
Task-based Language Learning in Bilingual Montessori Elementary Schools: Customizing Foreign Language Learning and Promoting L2 Speaking Skills

Foreign language learning has been a part of German elementary schools for several years now. Montessori schools focusing on individual learning, i.e. mostly independent from the teacher and based on auto-education, interest, and free choice, are also asked to teach an L2. The original lack of a concept of L2 learning for this environment has brought forth different approaches. Bilingual education seems to be feasible and applicable in Montessori education. The downside to this is that even in a bilingual classroom the Montessori way of learning may not allow for very much oral production of the foreign language. The role of L2 production (cf. Swain 1985, 1995, 2005) for language acquisition has been theoretically claimed and empirically investigated. Output can have a positive influence on L2 learning (cf. e.g. Izumi 2002, Keck et al. 2006). This also applies to interaction (cf. Long 1996), where negotiation of meaning and modified output are factors supporting L2 development (cf. e.g. de la Fuente 2002, McDonough 2005). Task-based Language Learning (TBLL) presents itself as one way to promote oral language production and to provide opportunities for meaning-negotiation. Especially tasks with required information exchange and a closed outcome have been shown to be beneficial for the elicitation of negotiation of meaning and modified output. This paper argues that TBLL is a promising approach for the facilitation of L2 production and thus the development of speaking skills in a Montessori context. It also hypothesizes that TBLL can be implemented in a bilingual Montessori environment while still making the Montessori way of learning possible. Different tasks on various topics, examples of which are presented in this article, can lay the foundation for this. Offering such tasks in a bilingual Montessori elementary classroom promises to foster language production and the use of communication strategies like negotiation of meaning, both being facilitative for L2 acquisition. This hypothesis remains to be tested in future research.
An investigation of the prevalence of indoor and outdoor inhalant allergens in children with allergic rhinitis

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the aeroallergens sensitivity among children with allergic rhinitis in the province of Istanbul in Turkey, based on skin prick test (SPT) reactivity. Methods: This study, including 729 AR patients with positive SPT, was conducted in three age groups. SPT with extracts including pollens, house dust mites (HDMs), animal dander's (ADs) and molds was performed on these patients. All these patients have a positive reaction to at least one allergen with SPT. Results: The allergen prevalence of 729 patients with positive SPT results was 33% for HDMs, 31% for pollen, 19% for molds and 17% for ADs. The sensitivity to aeroallergens significantly decreased as the age increased (p<0.01). Both outdoor and indoor allergen positivity in preschool children (Group 1) were 89 (43.4%) and in adolescent children (Group 3) were 32 (15.6%), and also sensitivity to allergens significantly decreased according to increase of age (p<0.01). Conclusion: We provided regional allergens profile of children with AR in Istanbul. Avoiding exposure to allergens and finding the best formulation of allergen immunotherapy for AR are important steps in the clinical management of patients.
Effect of the amphipod Corophium volutator on the colonisation of mud by the halophyte Salicotrm europaea

The upper limit of the distribution of Corophurn volutator and the lower limit of the distnbution of Sal~corrua europaea approximately correspond with mean high water of neap tide level (MHWNTL). Previous researchers concluded that the lower l imt of S. europaea IS determined by the higher frequency and duratlon of disturbance by tides and waves. At this site, movlng water alone is not responsible for the absence of S. europaea below MHWNTL, the activities of C. volutator are important. Below MHWNTL there were fewer seeds, a greater proportion were buried and had failed to germinate than above MHWNTL. Some germinated seeds were present near the surface and the lack of established seedlings was attributed to disturbance by C. volutator. Seedlings transplanted to sediment sprayed with insecticide (to remove the amphlpods) had a survivorship similar to those transplanted above MHWNTL, but twice those transplanted to unsprayed sed~rnent. It was concluded that C. volutator prevent estabhshment of S. europaea partly by burial of seeds, but mostly by preventing establishment by seedlings, and In so d o ~ n g reduce the stability of the sediment, increase erodability and lessen the prospects for successional development of salt marsh vegetation.
Isolation and identification of Aspergillus oryzae and the production of soy sauce with new aroma.

Soy sauce is a dark brown salty liquid with a peculiar and a meaty taste. It is the chief savory- seasoning agent used in Oriental cookery, but it is becoming increasingly popular in many other regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to isolate Aspergillus oryzae strain from contaminated rice, soybean and wheat for using in soy sauce production with new aroma of thyme and dill. Samples of rice, soybeans and wheat assumed to be contaminated with Aspergillus oryzae were used in the isolation. Pure cultures obtained by culturing and subculturing on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) were maintained on PDA slant. All isolates were inoculated on Aspergillus flavus and Parasiticus agar (AFPA) medium to differentiate them from Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus based on reverse color. These isolates and the reference strain were inoculated on Czapack Yeast Extract Agar (CYA) and the macroscopic characteristics amongst these strains were compared. Slide cultures for these strains were prepared and their microscopic characteristics were compared. The preparation of the soy sauce was carried out by two stages. The first stage was Koji, which was prepared by mixing the isolates and the reference strain separately with steamed soybeans and the crushed millet was incubated for three days. The second stage involved the preparation of brine which consists of a koji and salt solution. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS program. The results of analysis of soy sauce encouraged the use of the isolates, especially the rice isolate in soy sauce production and the addition of dill or thyme gave a specific aroma to the final product.
Annual to interannual temperature variability in the Caribbean during the Maunder sunspot minimum

We reconstruct Caribbean seawater temperatures from sclerosponge Sr/Ca ratios using a specimen of Ceratoporella nicholsoni that grew at 20 m below sea level in a reef cave at Jamaica. We sample the time interval from 1620 to 1745 A.D. with almost monthly resolution. This interval includes the Maunder sunspot minimum, one of the coldest periods of the Little Ice Age. Reconstructed annual temperature amplitudes are on the order of about 1°C. The mean growth rate calculated from the annual Sr/Ca variations corresponds perfectly with U-Th-based growth rates. We find that the interannual climate variability is determined by El Nino–Southern Oscillation and by a decadal signal, most likely originating from the tropical North Atlantic. On a multidecadal timescale the Maunder Minimum is characterized by a 1°–2°C cooling and reduced amplitudes of the interannual and decadal temperature variations.