Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Análisis de Frecuencias de Gastos Máximos Anuales Usando la Distribución de Valores Extremos Tipo I para Tres Poblaciones

En este trabajo se presenta la funcion de distribucion de probabilidad de valores extremos tipo I para tres poblaciones (T3PG) y su aplicacion en el analisis de frecuencias de gastos maximos anuales. Se propone tambien un procedimiento para estimar sus parametros, basado en el metodo de maxima verosimilitud. Dicho procedimiento utiliza un algoritmo de optimizacion no lineal para la maximizacion de la funcion logaritmica de verosimilitud y la consiguiente obtencion de los estimadores de los parametros de la distribucion propuesta. El modelo ha trabajado muy bien en la mayoria de las muestras de gastos maximos hasta ahora analizadas, dos de las cuales se incluyen como ejemplos de aplicacion para ilustrar el procedimiento. Se concluye que la metodologia propuesta produce buenos resultados, y puede ser aplicado a la practica hidrologica
Subpopulations of neutrophils with increased oxidative product formation in blood of patients with infection.

Stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) have a marked increase in oxidative metabolism, producing reduced oxygen species (e.g., H2O2) that mediate bacterial killing. Previously, quantitation of metabolic responses of PMNL from patients with acute infections employed assays that measure mean activity of the entire PMNL population; such studies reported a modest and highly variable increase in oxidative metabolic responses of such "toxic" PMNL compared with normal cells. To assess metabolic capability of PMNL from 51 patients with acute bacterial infection, we employed a quantitative flow cytometric assay of H2O2-dependent oxidative product formation, the intracellular oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH). After stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate, the PMNL of patients demonstrated an increase in mean DCFH oxidation (315 +/- 14 and 180 +/- 4.5 amol/cell, patients and controls). Hexose monophosphate shunt activation was similarly increased in stimulated PMNL from bacteremic patients. These data are comparable with previous studies of mean metabolic activities of toxic PMNL. However, these mean values underestimate the quantitative responses of the hyperresponsive ("primed") PMNL within a mixture of normal and primed PMNL in the patients' blood. The flow cytometric assay demonstrated that the PMNL of the patients were composed of two populations. One population of PMNL had normal oxidative responses; the other "primed" population had up to 4.6 times the oxidative product formation of normal cells. Similar priming of circulating PMNL was caused by infection with gram-positive or gram-negative staining bacteria or by Candida species. The proportion and oxidative ability of the primed PMNL occurred independently of the number of juvenile neutrophil forms and independently of "toxic" morphologic changes of Wright's-stained PMNL. On the average, 40% of the PMNL of patients were primed, but the size of the primed PMNL population varied widely between patients (range 0 to 80%). This variable subpopulation may explain the variability of mean responsiveness of the PMNL of patients reported previously. Moreover, the marked increase in oxidative metabolic capability of the primed PMNL may be a significant component of the host response to acute infection. It could also contribute to the damage to host tissues such as pulmonary vascular endothelium during bacteremia.
Association of Rad 9 with Double-Strand Breaks through a Mec 1-Dependent Mechanism

Rad9 is required for the activation of DNA damage checkpoint pathways in budding yeast. Rad9 is phosphorylated after DNA damage in a Mec1and Tel1-dependent manner and subsequently interacts with Rad53. This Rad9-Rad53 interaction has been suggested to trigger the activation and phosphorylation of Rad53. Here we show that Mec1 controls the Rad9 accumulation at double-strand breaks (DSBs). Rad9 was phosphorylated after DSB induction and associated with DSBs. However, its phosphorylation and association with DSBs were significantly decreased in cells carrying a mec1 or kinase-negative mec1 mutation. Mec1 phosphorylated the S/TQ motifs of Rad9 in vitro, the same motifs that are phosphorylated after DNA damage in vivo. In addition, multiple mutations in the Rad9 S/TQ motifs resulted in its defective association with DSBs. Phosphorylation of Rad9 was partially defective in cells carrying a weak mec1 allele (mec1-81), whereas its association with DSBs occurred efficiently in the mec1-81 mutants, as found in wild-type cells. However, the Rad9-Rad53 interaction after DSB induction was significantly decreased in mec1-81 mutants, as it was in mec1 mutants. Deletion mutation in RAD53 did not affect the association of Rad9 with DSBs. Our results suggest that Mec1 promotes association of Rad9 with sites of DNA damage, thereby leading to full phosphorylation of Rad9 and its interaction with Rad53.
Interactions of Human Rad54 Protein with Branched DNA Molecules*

The Rad54 protein plays an important role during homologous recombination in eukaryotes. The protein belongs to the Swi2/Snf2 family of ATP-dependent DNA translocases. We previously showed that yeast and human Rad54 (hRad54) specifically bind to Holliday junctions and promote branch migration. Here we examined the minimal DNA structural requirements for optimal hRad54 ATPase and branch migration activity. Although a 12-bp double-stranded DNA region of branched DNA is sufficient to induce ATPase activity, the minimal substrate that gave rise to optimal stimulation of the ATP hydrolysis rate consisted of two short double-stranded DNA arms, 15 bp each, combined with a 45-nucleotide single-stranded DNA branch. We showed that hRad54 binds preferentially to the open and not to the stacked conformation of branched DNA. Stoichiometric titration of hRad54 revealed formation of two types of hRad54 complexes with branched DNA substrates. The first of them, a dimer, is responsible for the ATPase activity of the protein. However, branch migration activity requires a significantly higher stoichiometry of hRad54, ∼10 ± 2 protein monomers/DNA molecule. This pleomorphism of hRad54 in formation of oligomeric complexes with DNA may correspond to multiple functions of the protein in homologous recombination.
Murder Followed by Suicide: Filicide–Suicide Mothers in Italy from 1992 to 2010

The international literature shows that in 40–50% of the cases, homicides–suicides involving children under the age of 10 are committed by mothers. Here, we report some results on homicides–suicides, in the mother–child relationship, occurred in Italy between 1992 and 2010.
The Department of Health’s “two week standard” for bowel cancer: is it working?

Objective: To determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the Department of Health’s new general practitioner referral guidelines for bowel cancer. Design: One year prospective audit. Setting: District general hospital serving a population of 550 000. Subjects: All patients with bowel cancer; all patients referred on the basis of the two week standard and to a routine colorectal surgical outpatient clinic. Main outcome measures: Proportion of cancers referred on the basis of the two week standard and to other colorectal clinics; the proportion with the higher risk criteria and their diagnostic yields; stage of cancers diagnosed in outpatient clinics; and time to treatment. Results: A total of 249 cancers were diagnosed in the index year. Sixty five (26.1%) were referred to two week standard clinics, 40 (16.1%) to routine colorectal surgical outpatient clinics, 54 (22%) to other clinics, and 88 (35.3%) were emergencies. Thirteen patients per week were referred to the two week standard clinics and 85% (54/65) of cancers so referred were seen within two weeks. The diagnostic yield of cancer in the two week standard clinic was 9.4% (65/695) compared with 2.2% (40/1815) in the routine colorectal surgical outpatient clinic (p<0.0001). Eighty five per cent of patients with cancer referred to outpatients matched the guidelines for the two week standard clinics. Only 46% of this group were so referred. Overall, delay to treatment and Dukes’ stage were not improved in patients diagnosed in the two week standard clinics. Conclusions: Most patients with bowel cancer were not referred on the basis of the two week standard although most fulfilled the referral criteria, which had higher diagnostic yields. The two week standard clinics did not shorten the overall time to treatment or improve the stage of disease because the time lags before referral and after the outpatient appointment are the major causes of delay in the bowel cancer patient’s journey.
Low Doses of Radiation Reduce Risk in Vivo

The “Linear No Threshold” hypothesis, used in all radiation protection practices, assumes that all doses, no matter how low, increase the risk of cancer, birth defects and heritable mutations. In vitro cell based experiments show adaptive processes in response to low doses and dose rates of low LET radiation, and do not support the hypothesis. This talk will present cellular data and data from animal experiments that test the hypothesis in vivo for cancer risk. The data show that a single, low, whole body dose (less than about 100 mGy) of low LET radiation, given at low dose rate, increased cancer latency and consequently reduced both spontaneous and radiation-induced cancer risk in both genetically normal and cancer-prone mice. This adaptive response lasted for the entire lifespan of all the animals that developed these tumors, and effectively restored a portion of the life that would have been lost due to the cancer in the absence of the low dose. Overall, the results demonstrate that the assumption of a linear increase in risk with increasing dose in vivo is not warranted, and that low doses actually reduce risk.
Anticentromere antibody as a predictor of digital ischemic loss in patients with systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical and serologic risk factors for digital ischemic events in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Retrospective review of clinical and laboratory data and review of current clinical status of 98 patients with SSc, seen between 1985 and 1990. RESULTS Amputation of 1 or more digits due to ischemia occurred in 20.4% of the patients; 9.2% had multiple digit loss. Sclerodactyly alone and anticentromere antibody (ACA) were associated with loss of 1 or more digits. Age, smoking status, duration of disease, or duration of Raynaud's phenomenon were not predictive for loss of digits. CONCLUSION Patients with limited SSc who are positive for ACA have an increased risk of major peripheral vascular occlusive disease.
Telephone coverage and measurement of health risk indicators: data from the National Health Interview Survey.

OBJECTIVES This study compared health behavior variables for all US households and households with telephones to measure the potential impact of telephone coverage on estimates from telephone surveys. METHODS Data were derived from the 1991 through 1994 version of the National Health Interview Survey. RESULTS Ninety-five percent of respondents lived in households with telephones. Differences in health indicators were small (< 1%) in comparisons between all households and those with telephones. Results were similar when only respondents below the poverty level were included. CONCLUSIONS Telephone noncoverage effects appear to be small, supporting the use of telephone surveys for health risk behavior surveillance with most population groups.
MMF and Calcineurin Taper in Recurrent Hepatitis C After Liver Transplantation: Impact on Histological Course

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is almost universal. The optimal immunosuppression for these patients is still under discussion. We designed a retrospective case‐control study to evaluate the effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) treatment in patients with recurrent hepatitis C.
Effect of leptin deficiency on metabolic rate in ob / ob mice

Breslow, Michael J., Kyoung Min-Lee, Daniel R. Brown, V. P. Chacko, David Palmer, and Dan E. Berkowitz. Effect of leptin deficiency on metabolic rate in ob/ob mice. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Endocrinol. Metab. 39): E443–E449, 1999. —Reduced metabolic rate may contribute to weight gain in leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice; however, available studies have been criticized for referencing O2 consumption (V̇O2) to estimated rather than true lean body mass. To evaluate whether leptin deficiency reduces energy expenditure, four separate experiments were performed: 1) NMR spectroscopy was used to measure fat and nonfat mass, permitting V̇O2 to be referenced to true nonfat mass; 2) dietary manipulation was used in an attempt to eliminate differences in body weight and composition between ob/ob and C57BL/6J mice; 3) short-term effects of exogenous leptin (0.3 mg·kg21 ·day21) on V̇O2 were examined; and 4) body weight and composition were compared in leptin-repleted and pair-fed ob/ob animals. ob/ob animals had greater mass, less lean body mass, and a 10% higher metabolic rate when V̇O2 was referenced to lean mass. Dietary manipulation achieved identical body weight in ob/ob and C57BL/6J animals; however, despite weight gain in C57BL/6J animals, percent fat mass remained higher in ob/ob animals (55 vs. 30%). Exogenous leptin increased V̇O2 in ob/ob but not control animals. Weight loss in leptin-repleted ob/ob mice was greater than in pair-fed animals (45 vs. 17%). We conclude, on the basis of the observed increase in V̇O2 and accelerated weight loss seen with leptin repletion, that leptin deficiency causes a reduction in metabolic rate in ob/ob mice. In contrast, these physiological studies suggest that comparison of V̇O2 in obese and lean animals does not produce useful information on the contribution of leptin to metabolism.
Prevention, Preemption, and the Principle of Sufficient Reason

[Introduction] One event, e, counterfactually depends upon another event, c, just in case e would not have occurred had c not occurred. Beginning with the seminal paper of David Lewis in 1973, there has been a lively philosophical tradition of trying to analyze token causation in terms of counterfactual dependence. The simplest possible counterfactual theory of token causation—henceforth the simple theory—would identify token causation with counterfactual dependence: c is a token cause of e just in case e counterfactually depends upon c. This simple account is threatened by counterexamples on both sides. Some authors, but by no means all, take cases of prevention and omission to show that there can be counterfactual dependence without token causation. Cases of preemption have been widely taken to show that there can be token causation without counterfactual dependence; many authors (but not Lewis himself) also consider cases of overdetermination to be counterexamples to the necessity of counterfactual dependence for token causation. There have been many attempts to deal with the problems of preemption and overdetermination, none entirely satisfactory. We will examine the shortcomings of some of these theories in sections 11–13.
Docetaxel‐mediated apoptosis in myeloid progenitor TF‐1 cells is mitigated by zinc: Potential implication for prostate cancer therapy

Docetaxel‐based combination chemotherapy is approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Unfortunately, docetaxel's efficacy is significantly limited by its considerable toxicity on hematopoietic progenitor cells, thus necessitating dose reduction or even discontinuation of the chemotherapy. Induction of pre‐mitotic arrest protects cells against docetaxel‐mediated toxicity and affords therapeutic opportunities.
Evaluation of SiC and GaN technologies for a full-bridge grid-connected converter through a comprehensive performance index

Wide bandgap semiconductors are promising regarding loss reduction and increase of switching frequency. In the specific case of two level power converter it has not been up to now clearly shown the potential of SiC and GaN in comparison with Si semiconductors. In this paper, a multi-variable analysis for different devices is carried out, considering system efficiency, heatsink size and output filter design. The results are condensed in a performance index, that allows comparing different solutions.
Protective Effect of Allium sativum against Liver Injury Induced by Anti- Tubercular Drugs in Rats

Allium sativum has been reported to have a lot of therapeutic potentials such as antihypertensive, antimicrobial and hypocholesterolemic. This study has investigated its effect on anti-tubercular drugs hepatotoxicity. Wistar albino rats were pretreated and co-administered orally with aqueous solution of Allium sativum. Eighteen rats were divided into six groups of three rats each. Group 1 were normal, while Group 2 were test control administered with anti-tubercular drugs; isoniazid (27 mg/kg bw) and rifampicin (54 mg/kg bw). Groups 3 and 4 were pretreated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of Allium sativum for 28 days, then administered with isoniazid and rifampicin at doses 27 and 54 mg/kg respectively for same duration. In groups 5 and 6, same doses of Allium sativum and anti-tubercular drugs were administered concurrently for twenty eight days. Serum levels of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and unconjugated bilirubin (uBIL) were estimated 24 h after administration of the last dose. The results showed that pretreatment and co-administration of Allium sativum solution significantly reduced (p<0.05) serum ALT, AST and ALP activities and uBIL concentration in the rats, compared to the test control administered with anti- tubercular drugs only, to induce liver damage. The results suggest that aqueous extracts of Allium sativum can be said to have protective effect on anti-tubercular drugs hepatotoxicity in rats.
New teleomorph combinations in the entomopathogenic genus Metacordyceps

The genus Metacordyceps contains arthropod pathogens in Clavicipitaceae (Hypocreales) that formerly were classified in Cordyceps sensu Kobayasi et Mains. Of the current arthropod pathogenic genera of Hypocreales, the genus Metacordyceps remains one of the most poorly understood and contains a number of teleomorphic morphologies convergent with species of Cordyceps s.s. (Cordycipitaceae) and Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae). Of note, the anamorph genera Metarhizium and Pochonia were found to be associated only with Metacordyceps and demonstrated to be phylogenetically informative for the clade. Several species of Cordyceps considered to have uncertain placements (incertae sedis) in the current taxonomic framework of clavicipitoid fungi were collected during field expeditions mostly in eastern Asia. Species reclassified here in Metacordyceps include Cordyceps atrovirens Kobayasi & Shimizu, Cordyceps indigotica Kobayasi & Shimizu, Cordyceps khaoyaiensis Hywel-Jones, Cordyceps kusanagiensis Kobayasi & Shimizu, Cordyceps martialis Speg. , Ophiocordyceps owariensis Kobayasi, Cordyceps pseudoatrovirens Kobayasi & Shimizu and Ophicordyceps owariensis f. viridescens (Uchiy. & Udagawa) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora. Incorporation of these species in a multigene phylogenetic framework of the major clades of clavicipitoid fungi more than doubled the number of species in Metacordyceps and allowed for refinement of morphological concepts for the genus consistent with the phylogenetic structure. Based on these findings we then discuss evolution of this genus, subgeneric relationships, anamorph connections, and suggest additional species that should be confirmed for possible inclusion in Metacordyceps.
Confirmation of Genetic Associations at ELMO 1 in the GoKinD Collection Support its Role as a Susceptibility Gene in Diabetic Nephropathy Short running title : ELMO 1 and susceptibility of nephropathy

This is an uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes. The American Diabetes Association, publisher of Diabetes, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisher-authenticated version will be available in a future issue of Diabetes in print and online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals. org. Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online August 3, 2009
Pre‐ and postmortem diffusion coefficients in rat neural and muscle tissues

Pulsed gradient diffusion‐weighted spin‐echo images (7 to 11 gradient strengths) were obtained in a coronal slice through the midbrain for five normal adult white rats before and after sacrifice in a 2‐T CSI system with air temperature control. The pulse sequence was cardiac gated and respiratory synchronized in order to minimize motion artifacts (Tr > 2 s, Te ‐ 30 ms). Diffusion coefficients reflecting several tissue compartments (D*) in brain and muscle were calculated and referenced to simultaneously imaged tubes of water. In the living animals, brain cortical matter had a value of D* = (0.82 ± 0.02) × 103 mm2/s, deeper brain regions had a value of D* = (0.73 ± 0.02) × 10‐3 mm2/s, and the muscle had a value of D* = (1.4 ± 0.1) × 103 mm2/s. Postmortem the values in brain dropped by approximately 30%, while remaining constant in muscle. Signal intensity in the spin‐echo images for muscle tissue rose by 50% over a 1‐ to 2‐h interval after sacrifice while that of brain tissue remained relatively stable. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Towards Evaluating the Quality of Experience of Remote Patient Monitoring Services: A Study Considering Usability Aspects

The applicability of advanced mobile technologies in the m-Health domain has led to a number of studies and (limited) commercial products supporting delivery of health services to remote users. A key issue regarding successful delivery and acceptance of such services is meeting their Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements, focusing on technical aspects and end user perceived quality, respectively. In this paper, the authors address the topic of evaluating QoE for non-emergency remote patient monitoring services. They identify relevant QoE influence factors and metrics, and present the results of a QoE evaluation study, whereby they focus on usability aspects. The study involves 26 users testing a prototype version of the Ericsson Mobile Health service, which is based on a smartphone application and measurement of vital signs via medical sensors. The results show a strong correlation between QoE and: perceived effectiveness of the mobile interface (regarding both adequacy of smartphone screen size and smartphone application navigational support), perceived ease of conducting a blood pressure measurement task, and user motivation for service usage.