Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salinity Effects with EPTC and CDEC in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

The combination of salts at the approximate ratio found in saline irrigation water, (NaCl 41.9 mM, CaCl2 20.9 mM, and MgCl2.6H2O 10.5 mM), with either 1 mM EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) or 0.1 mM CDEC (2-chloroallyl diethyldithiocarbamate) induced a greater reduction of root length, shoot length, and fresh weight of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘VF-315’) relative to either factor alone. The osmotic pressure of this salt solution is 0.40 MPa (mega Pascal), which is equivalent to 4.0 bar or ca. 4.0 atm. Similar results were found in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Great Lakes–659’) using salts at 0.30 MPa (NaCl 31.4 mM, CaCl2 15.7 mM, and MgCl2.6H2O 7.3 mM) combined with either 0.75 mM EPTC or 0.2 mM CDEC. In tomato, the inhibition was additive for each parameter measured. In lettuce, however, the effect on fresh weight and shoot length was synergistic and the effect on root length was additive. Calcium chloride was the single salt component of the mixture, which when combined with either EPTC or CDEC, induced a significant reduction of root length, shoot length, and fresh weight in tomato relative to either factor alone. No additional reduction in growth was found in lettuce when each individual salt was combined with either EPTC or CDEC.
High-grade calcareous metasediments from the Sawtooth Metamorphic Complex, Idaho, USA: evidence for passive margin strata and polymetamorphism within the Idaho batholith

ABSTRACT The Sawtooth Metamorphic Complex (SMC) of central Idaho contains exposures of metasupracrustal rocks, in a crucial location between the Archaean Wyoming craton to the east and the adjacent Mesozoic terranes to the west, that provide constraints on Precambrian crustal evolution in the northwestern United States. Mineral textures, whole-rock geochemistry, and thermobarometry of calc-silicate gneisses record multiple stages of crustal evolution, including protolith deposition, burial and multiple metamorphic and deformational overprints. Whole-rock signatures are consistent with derivation from post-Archaean, continental sources that have undergone sedimentary maturation and recycling typical of clastic sedimentation in passive-margin environments and with a metamorphosed sequence of calcareous sandstones and marls, containing varying proportions of clay and quartzo-feldspathic detritus. The sandstone-to-marl continuum may reflect a shallow-to-deep water transition in the depositional environment of the calc-silicate protoliths. Two metamorphic events and three deformational events are preserved. The assemblage clinopyroxene + quartz + plagioclase + K-feldspar + rutile represents peak metamorphic conditions (M1), estimated at 750–775°C with relatively oxidized metamorphic fluids, during development of D1a foliation. Deformation twinning in clinopyroxene records a widespread, high strain D1b event at high temperature. A second static thermal event (M2), associated with randomly oriented amphiboles overprinting M1 and D1b features, records conditions of ~550–725°C and H2O-rich fluids. Late-stage, brittle–ductile D2 deformation is characterized by mylonitic lenses of quartz, fractures within M1 clinopyroxenes that crosscut D1b deformation twins, and localized fracturing of M2 amphiboles. Geochemical and mineral chemical signatures of SMC calc-silicates preserve fingerprints of the original protolith through burial to mid-crustal conditions and high-grade metamorphism and suggest crustal thickening to about 20 km. The SMC may reflect rocks at depth beneath the Idaho batholith. These data, indicative of newly recognized post-Archaean terrain with passive-margin, continental sediments suggest that a continuous Cordilleran passive margin sequence may have extended along the western edge of Laurentia.
Reciprocity in Dynamic Employment Relationships

This paper analyzes a dynamic relational contract for employees with reciprocal preferences. A model of a long-term employment relationship is developed that implies that generous upfront wages activate the norm of reciprocity and then are more important when an employee is close to retirement. In earlier stages, direct incentives promising a bonus in exchange for effort are more effective. Hence, direct and reciprocity-based incentives reinforce each other and should be used in combination. Moreover, a more competitive labor market may increase the utilization of reciprocity-based incentives. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by Hardegg’sche Stiftung, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [CRC TRR 190], and the Austrian Science Fund [Grant P 33307-G]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022. 4657 .
Reflecting on sustainability: coproducing a critical framework for sustainable design in the architectural studio

ABSTRACT Due to the holistic and often contradictory nature of sustainable design, learning for sustainability in the architectural design studio requires students to adopt critical and reflective practices. This research developed a reflective mapping framework to enable deep learning. It was created through a participatory action research methodology within a learning environment parallel to the design studio. The framework was used to inform approaches to sustainability at conceptual design stage. It encouraged participant engagement, understanding and reflection. This form of structured group learning is a possible alternative to the one-to-one tutorial for enabling deep learning in the design studio. The research highlights the importance of alternative learning environments to the design studio that can encourage critical reflection. This research contributes to design pedagogy by describing a methodology for enhancing deep learning for sustainability through participatory action.
Influence of managerial coaching on organisational performance

ABSTRACT Nowadays, companies are absorbed in changing, competitive and globalised markets, which necessitates further investigation about processes and tools that prepare executives to take on those challenges. In the organisational field where it is required to enhance skills and attitudes for achieving certain objectives, coaching becomes relevant as companies are becoming more conscientious about the best way to sustain their employees over time. This is achieved through the investment in processes and accompanying programmes that include training and knowledge transfer. The objective is to achieve better results that would influence the financial and non-financial performance of the organisation. Considering that managerial coaching lacks empirical evidence for the results in executives and therefore in organisations, the present research analyses the influence of this concept on performance and its effectiveness, proving how coaching processes are fundamental tools not only for managers in human resources, but for all professionals working in leadership roles and meeting goals within organisations.
Hardware-Conscious Wireless Communication System Design

The work at hand is a selection of topics in efficient wireless communication system design, with topics logically divided into two groups.One group can be described as hardware designs conscious of their possibilities and limitations. In other words, it is about hardware that chooses its configuration and properties depending on the performance that needs to be delivered and the influence of external factors, with the goal of keeping the energy consumption as low as possible. Design parameters that trade off power with complexity are identified for analog, mixed signal and digital circuits, and implications of these tradeoffs are analyzed in detail. An analog front end and an LDPC channel decoder that adapt their parameters to the environment (e.g. fluctuating power level due to fading) are proposed, and it is analyzed how much power/energy these environment-adaptive structures save compared to non-adaptive designs made for the worst-case scenario. Additionally, the impact of ADC bit resolution on the energy efficiency of a massive MIMO system is examined in detail, with the goal of finding bit resolutions that maximize the energy efficiency under various system setups.In another group of themes, one can recognize systems where the system architect was conscious of fundamental limitations stemming from hardware.Put in another way, in these designs there is no attempt of tweaking or tuning the hardware. On the contrary, system design is performed so as to work around an existing and unchangeable hardware limitation. As a workaround for the problematic centralized topology, a massive MIMO base station based on the daisy chain topology is proposed and a method for signal processing tailored to the daisy chain setup is designed. In another example, a large group of cooperating relays is split into several smaller groups, each cooperatively performing relaying independently of the others. As cooperation consumes resources (such as bandwidth), splitting the system into smaller, independent cooperative parts helps save resources and is again an example of a workaround for an inherent limitation.From the analyses performed in this thesis, promising observations about hardware consciousness can be made. Adapting the structure of a hardware block to the environment can bring massive savings in energy, and simple workarounds prove to perform almost as good as the inherently limited designs, but with the limitation being successfully bypassed. As a general observation, it can be concluded that hardware consciousness pays off. (Less)
Individual differences, parasites, and the costs of reproduction for bighorn ewes (Ovis canadensis)

(1) The consequences of reproduction for subsequent survival and reproductive success of individually marked bighorn ewes (Ovis canadensis) were examined over 8 years in south-western Alberta, Canada. (2) Ewes that raised sons did not experience a decrease in reproductive success the following year, but their faecal output of lungworm (Protostrongylus spp.) larvae increased relative to ewes that raised daughters. (3) Ewes were seldom known to produce sons in consecutive years. Because lamb sex was not determined at birth, this result could be explained by either an alteration of the birth sex ratio, or differential mortality of sons born in the year after their mother had produced a son. (4) Ewes that lactated at 2 years of age appeared to be in better condition, and were more likely to lactate at 3 years of age, than ewes that did not lactate at 2 years. Overall, reproductive success in one year did not aversely affect reproduction the following year. (5) Lactating ewes had greater faecal counts of lungworm larvae than non-lactating ewes. Ewes that had produced a lamb at 2 years of age were more likely to die during a pneumonia epizootic than ewes that had not lambed at 2 years. A decrease in resistance to parasites and pathogens appears to be a consequence of reproduction.
Ethnomedicinal Practices for the Treatment of Arthritis in Siddapur Region of Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT The present study documented and analyzed the traditional treatment of arthritis by different communities in Siddapur Taluk of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka. In all, 51 medicinal practitioners were interviewed and 36 plant species belonging to 30 families used for treatment of arthritis were documented. The quantitative ethnobotanical data calculations included relative frequency of citation and family importance value. Of the 36 plants recorded Artocarpus hirsutus and Mammea suriga are endemic to India.
A comprehensive large‐scale assessment of fisheries bycatch risk to threatened seabird populations

1. Incidental mortality (bycatch) in fisheries remains the greatest threat to many large marine vertebrates and is a major barrier to fisheries sustainability. Robust assessments of bycatch risk are crucial for informing effective mitigation strategies, but are hampered by missing information on the distributions of key life-his-tory stages (adult breeders and
Intermediated Trade * Pol Antr`as and Arnaud Costinot

This paper develops a simple model of international trade with intermediation. We consider an economy with two islands and two types of agents, farmers and traders. Farmers can produce two goods, but to sell these goods in centralized (Walrasian) markets, they need to be matched with a trader, and this entails costly search. In the absence of search frictions, our model reduces to a standard Ricardian model of trade. We use this simple model to contrast the implications of changes in the integration of Walrasian markets, which allow traders from different islands to exchange their goods, and changes in the access to these Walrasian markets, which allow farmers to trade with traders from different islands. We find that intermediation always magnifies the gains from trade under the former type of integration, but leads to more nuanced welfare results under the latter, including the possibility of aggregate losses. JEL Codes: F10, F15, D2, D3, O1.
Exploring Grade Nine Geometry Spatial Mathematical Reasoning in the South African Annual National Assessment

The purpose of this study was to explore geometry spatial mathematical reasoning in Grade nine Annual National Assessments, South Africa. Conceptual Blending was the guiding theory. Document analysis within the exploratory case study was used to explore available data, the 2014 Annual National Assessment learners’ scripts (n=1250). Results revealed that on average 70.5 percent of the total number of learners remembered and blended irrelevant prior knowledge not reflective to the contexts of the geometry problems. For learners who recalled the correct prior knowledge, its manipulation was either fragmented or irrelevant. The use of recalled information in wrong contexts could be due to the incorrect manipulation of the meaning of the problems. Also, responses reveal challenges on the quality of mathematics education on geometry. Therefore, the teaching and learning of geometry should focus on empowering learners with skills of recalling, blending and on manipulating problems in their contexts.
Fabrication and characterization of MWCNT/natural Azerbaijani bentonite electroconductive ceramic composites

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes have been synthesized by Aerosol-Chemical Vapor Deposition method. Carbon nanotubes firstly have been used as filler in affordable and prevalent natural Azerbaijani bentonite clays for fabrication electroconductive ceramic composites. In this paper, multi-walled carbon nanotubes/natural Azerbaijani bentonite ceramic composites were prepared by two-factor mechanical method and followed by calcination at 1050℃ in an inert atmosphere. The ceramic composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric-differential-thermal analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of two principal components – multi-walled carbon nanotube and bentonite in composites. From the thermogravimetric-differential-thermal data, it was revealed that multi-walled carbon nanotube/ bentonite ceramic composites demonstrate thermo-oxidative stability up to 580–640℃. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated a sufficiently high dispersibility of carbon nanotubes and satisfactory homogeneity in the composites. Experimental results demonstrated that by increasing the mass fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes from 1% to 8% in multi-walled carbon nanotube/bentonite ceramic composites, the electrical conductivity enhances substantially. The enhancement of electrical conductivity of the composites explained the mass fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, as well as the uniform dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the bentonite clays. Compared with other 8% multi-walled carbon nanotubes/bentonite ceramic composites, the electrical conductivity of heptane-multi-walled carbon nanotube/Gobu bentonite (σ = 397 S·m−1) and heptane-multi-walled carbon nanotubes/Atyali (σ = 305 S·m−1) composites is 2–5 times higher than the conductivity of composites obtained with cyclohexane carbon nanotubes- cyclohexane-multi-walled carbon nanotube/Atyali (σ = 78 S·m−1), cyclohexane-multi-walled carbon nanotube/Gobu (σ = 111,5 S·m−1). These results can be explained with the structure, the number of layers, purity and diameter distribution, as well as the type and amount of defects in internal and external layers of Hep-multi-walled carbon nanotubes which cause better dispersion in bentonite clays. Due to the high conductivity and high temperature stability, these composites can be used as promising material for fabrication heating elements, electrodes, substrates for microelectronic devices, etc.
Devenir de la fixation d'azote et export de carbone dans l'océan Pacifique tropical sud-ouest

Ce travail de these porte sur la quantification de la diazotrophie et son influence sur les cycles biogeochimiques dans l'ocean de surface Pacifique tropical sud-ouest, une region particulierement sous-echantillonnee a ce jour. Les objectifs de ce travail etaient (1) de quantifier la fixation de N2 et identifier les principaux acteurs de la diazotrophie dans cette region, (2) d’evaluer l'influence de la fixation de N2 sur la production primaire et sur l'export de carbone, (3) d’identifier les voies de transfert de l’azote fixe dans la chaine trophique planctonique.Il a ete mis en evidence que la region du Pacifique tropical sud-ouest etait un hot spot de fixation de N2. A l'ouest, les eaux oligotrophes des archipels Melanesiens presentaient des taux de fixation de N2 eleves et la communaute diazotrophe etait dominee par Trichodesmium. A l'est, les eaux ultra-oligotrophes de la gyre du Pacifique sud presentaient des taux de fixation de N2 plus faibles et la communaute diazotrophe etait dominee par les UCYN-B.Des bilans d'azote montrent que la fixation de N2 contribuait a plus de 90 % des apports d'azote nouveau dans la couche euphotique, et soutenait donc la quasi integralite de la production primaire nouvelle. L'etude des voies de transfert de l'azote fixe montre qu’entre 7 et 15 % de la fixation de N2 totale etait transfere vers les organismes non-diazotrophes.Ces travaux de these demontrent que la diazotrophie soutient la pompe biologique dans l'ocean Pacifique tropical sud-ouest, et qu'elle peut jouer un role determinant dans la structure des communautes planctoniques et les cycles biogeochimiques du carbone et de l'azote dans les regions oligotrophes.
Second thoughts on development accounting

The relative roles of factor inputs and productivity are estimated in explaining the level of economic development. For a large sample of countries, it is shown that international differences in factor inputs account for between two thirds and three quarters of international differences in output per worker if alternative identifying productivity assumptions and a quality-adjusted measure of human capital are employed. For a sample of OECD countries, it is found that all differences in output per worker can be attributed to differences in factor inputs, leaving no role for international productivity differences. This result supports the reasoning of a traditional neoclassical growth model.
The Role Of Accounting Knowledge In Defining The Career Of A Public Accountant

Public accounting professions play a crucial role in the economic advancement. However, only few graduates in accounting majors are interested in this profession. This is quite unsettling. Knowledge is one of the determinants in selecting future career path. Therefore, this studyaims at describing the role of accounting knowledge with regard to the students’ intentions to work in public-accounting-related profession using the Theory of Planned Behavior (PBC) approach. Surveys, interviews, document analyses and observations were used to collect data. In conclusion, accounting knowledge played an important role in stimulating attitude and perceived behavioral control and eventually increased the students’ intention to work in public-accounting-related profession. This had a fairly major role, especially for high calibre students. On the other hand, subjective norms occurred in their selection of accounting major per se, and did not have any roles in defining their career selection.
RHETORICAL STRATEGIES BY GOVERNOR CANDIDATES IN THE JAKARTA ELECTORAL DEBATE 2017RHETORICAL STRATEGIES BY GOVERNOR CANDIDATES IN THE JAKARTA ELECTORAL DEBATE 2017

This study deals with rhetorical strategies used by governor candidates in the Jakarta Electoral Debate 2017. The aims of this study are to (1) describe rhetorical strategies which are used by governor candidates in the Jakarta Electoral Debate 2017, (2) analyze the realizations of rhetorical strategies, (3) reason the use of rhetorical strategies. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative research. The source of data was the Jakarta Electoral Debate 2017. The data were collected by using documentary technique. Instrument for collecting the data was the documentary sheet. The results of the study show that the three rhetorical strategies, i.e. Logos, Ethos, Pathos, are found in the debates. The three realizations of rhetorical strategies are also found in the debates. Reasons for using rhetorical strategies are to acclaim, to attack, and to defend. Keywords: Rhetorical Strategies, Governor Candidates, Jakarta Electoral Debate
evaluation of eDTa , apple vinegar and s mear c lear with and without ultrasonic activation on smear layer removal in different root canal levels

Objective: This in vitro study evaluated the efficiency of EDTA, apple vinegar and SmearClear, with and without ultrasonic activation, on smear layer removal. Methods: Seventy extracted canines were randomly divided into eight groups and prepared by using ProTaper instruments. The final irrigation regimens used were: Group 1 (control) (SAL) and Group 2 (control) (SALUS): saline for 3 minutes without and with ultrasonics, respectively; Group 3 (EDTA) and Group 4 (EDTAUS): 17% EDTA for 3 minutes without and with ultrasonics, respectively; Group 5 (AV) and Group 6 (AVUS): apple vinegar for 3 minutes without and with ultrasonics, respectively; Group 7 (SC) and Group 8 (SCUS): SmearClear for 1 minute without and with ultrasonics, respectively. Specimens were then examined under scanning electron microscope and scored for smear layer removal on the coronal, middle and apical thirds. Results and Conclusions: Smear layer removal was most efficient when 17% EDTA and SmearClear were used, compared to apple vinegar. Ultrasonics did not improve the smear layer removal significantly in all groups. The poorest results were observed in the apical third of the root canal, with statistical differences between the coronal third in all irrigation regimens.
Decomposing the Accrual Premium: The Evidence from Two Markets

We decompose the accrual premium and study its components in the debt and equity markets. We show that the importance of each accrual component depends on the sample and the type of market considered. The short&#8208;term accruals component is primarily observed in equity markets, among small and young companies, which is consistent with mispricing arguments. The long&#8208;term accruals premium is consistently positive and significant in different samples and markets. This component reflects growth in capital expenditures, and it is counter&#8208;cyclical and predictable, which is in line with investment&#8208;based explanations. Finally, the financial accruals component does not generate predictability.