Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practice-based Learning Across and Between the Health professions: A Conceptual Exploration of Definitions and Diversity and their Impact on Interprofessional Education

Practice-based learning (PrBL) occurs in all health professional training but there are intra- and interprofessional differences depending on context, location and professional identity. In this position paper I will explore the definition, context and elements of PrBL across the health professions, and their implications for interprofessional education (IPE). IPE is a particular focus because of its increasing prominence globally in response to the changing nature of health care delivery as the population ages, the incidence of long term and chronic conditions increases and health and social care delivery is undertaken increasingly in multidisciplinary teams. PrBL aims to facilitate the transfer of theory into the workplace through situated and experiential learning. But it is not solely about preparing for practice after qualification; rather it is about learning in and about practice through authentic experience and becoming part of a community of practice. Best PrBL requires the alignment of explicit learning outcomes with clinically situated and supervised learning activities, and then with valid and reliable assessment. There are still questions about the optimal length and timing of rotations/attachments, and the nature of work-based assessment. The majority of an individual student’s PrBL is uniprofessional but there is a global trend towards increasing and enhancing the provision of interprofessional PrBL, despite the logistical and resource implications. This paper is an overview of current trends in PrBL and raises questions about future research and developments. ‘In everyday organizational life, work, learning, innovation, communication, negotiation, conflict over goals, their interpretation, and history, are co-present in practice. They are part of human existence’ (Gherardi 2000, p214). In this position paper I explore the aims, nature and delivery of practice-based learning (PrBL) in order to introduce the scope of the journal and consider areas for further exploration.
Spatial and temporal distribution of a C‐like asthenospheric component in the Rano Rahi Seamount Field, East Pacific Rise, 15°–19°S

Lavas of the Rano Rahi seamount field define a Nd‐Pb‐Sr isotopic array that connects, and substantially overlaps, the arrays of the nearby East Pacific Rise axis and 5.6–28 Ma lavas of the Pukapuka ridge system, situated between the seamount field and French Polynesia. Dating of Rano Rahi samples by 40Ar‐39Ar incremental heating methods yields ages between 0.23 and 4.67 Ma. Most of the dated lavas were erupted within 60 km of the axis, and no systematic isotopic variation with age is observed. The isotopic and incompatible element data indicate a persistent two‐component mantle source comprising variable proportions of normal Pacific ocean‐ridge‐type mantle and a “C”‐like Pukapuka end‐member with lower ɛNd, higher 87Sr/86Sr and 206Pb/204Pb, and relative enrichment in the highly incompatible elements. The Rano Rahi data reveal peaks of low ɛNd, high 87Sr/86Sr, and high 206Pb/204Pb at about 16°–17°S and 18.5°–19°S that appear to correspond to two concentrations of C‐rich mantle, probably streaming eastward from French Polynesia. The northern stream may have reached the axis more recently and/or be less continuous than the southern stream.
Spring Safflower Yield and Yield Components Response to Nitrogen Rates under Different Temperature Regimes

A field study was conducted in Qazvin, Iran during 2010 spring growing season with the objective to determine the effect of N fertilization on yield, yield components (number of heads per plant, number of heads on primary branch, number of heads on secondary branches, number of seeds per head, number of seeds per primary head, number of seeds per secondary head) and oil yield of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.-cv. Sofeh) grown under different temperature regimes. The experiments were laid out in a three-replicated- randomized complete block design with four nitrogen rates (N1= 0, N2= 50, N3= 100, and N4= 150 kg N ha −1 ) and four sowing dates (D1= 6 Mar., D2= 16 Mar., D3= 25 Mar., D4= 4 Apr. 2010). The study indicated that effect of D, N and DxN were significant for all assessed traits at P = 0.01. Increasing N rates increased all traits as postponing of sowing date decreased all of them. The study of NxD effects on these traits revealed that the maximum means of them obtained in D1N4 except the maximum mean of oil yield which obtained in D1N3.
A Note on Methods for Vertical Accuracy Assessment of DEMs / Nota sobre los métodos de evaluación de la precisión vertical de los DEM

: This study investigates the vertical accuracy of a DEMs interpolated from 1:50,000 contours with universal kriging (UK) using DEMs interpolated from 1:10,000 contours as the independent source of higher accuracy following the geospatial accuracy standards proposed by the Federal Geographic Data Committee, FGDC, (1998). In accordance with the standards, the 1:10,000 contours do not qualify as well-defined points with known horizontal position and a high degree of accuracy that are easily visible and recoverable on the ground. Hence, DEMs are created from the 1:10,000 contours and used to check the vertical accuracy of the 1:50,000 DEMs with elevation errors, an RMSE and vertical accuracy measure calculated between the 1:10,000 and 1:50,000 DEMs. Other methods of vertical accuracy assessment for the 1:50,000 DEMs include a comparison of elevation ranges, visualization of error surfaces and latitudinal and longitudinal terrain profiles. Global descriptive statistics of minimum and maximum elevation provide an overall assessment only of the error found in the DEMs. Desmet (1997) used global descriptive statistics to quantify elevation errors, but do not indicate their appropriateness as error assessment tools. Jaakkola and Oksanen (2000) rely only on descriptive statistics for their analysis. In this study, they are useful to determine the credibility of the range of elevation values in the resulting DEMs but do not indicate the spatial location and topographic position of unrealistically low or high elevation values distributed across the landscape. Global descriptive statistics can be used as an initial assessment of whether the DEM represents the topography of the area realistically and if some areas contain unrealistic elevation values resulting from extrapolation beyond the range of the original input data.
Effectiveness of Reptile Species Identification - A Comparison of Dichotomous Key with an Identification Book

Species identification tasks are a prerequisite for an understanding of biodiversity. Here, we focused on different educational materials to foster the identification of six European reptile species. Our educational training unit was based on natural plastic models of six species and pupils either used an illustrated identification book or a dichotomous key. 71 secondary school pupils (6th graders) from four classes participated in our study and received a hands-on lesson about the identification of these species. 37 of them were aided by an identification book, and 34 received a dichotomous key. We found a significant increase in identification skills immediately after and with a delay of four weeks in both treatment groups. Further, we found no differences in achievement between both groups nor did we detect differences in the emotional variables (well-being, interest, boredom) or in the difficulty of the task. We propose that species identification should be taught in everyday school life using models and identification materials that allow a learner-centred environment.
Continuous-flow biological denitrification with zeolite as support for bacterial growth

Zeolite particles with bacterial culture (Bio-NPC) were used for nitrate removal from surface water (SW) and effects of Bio-NPC, and the methanol amount and the pH value of SW were investigated in the batch reactor and the process was then monitored in the continuous-flow stirred reactor. The application of Bio-NPC particles (10%w/w) in the batch reactor was efficient for the removal of 100mgNO3‐N/L from the SW, and the addition of methanol was optimal at CH3OH/N ratio of 2.5:1. The process was stable in the pH range of 5.85‐8.03, but the highest denitrification rate was obtained at the pH value of 7.13. In the continuous-flow stirred reactor, nitrate removal was investigated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) (37.04, 23.26, 10.53, 2.33 and 1.32h) and the efficient nitrate removal was achieved even at HRT of 1.32h with nitrate and organic removal higher than 99 and 79%, respectively. The volumetric denitrification rates during the first eightdays of continuous flow were in the range of 39.2‐51.28mgNO3‐N/Lh and then it fluctuated within the range of 63.47‐ 79.90mgNO3‐N/Lh. The use of Bio-NPC was demonstrated as an efficient method for complete nitrate removal from the surface water.
Dispersal of Adult Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Its Implications for Corn Borer Resistance Management in Bacillus thuringiensis Maize

Abstract Dispersal of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, was examined by release and recapture of dye-marked adults and by capture of feral adults in and around 50-ha center pivot irrigated fields of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize. Pheromone and blacklight traps were used to capture the adults. In 1999, 2000, and 2001, a total of 177, 602, and 1,292 marked males, and 87, 231, and 1,045 marked females were released in four irrigated Bt maize fields, respectively. Recapture beyond release point was 2.13, 6.17, 3.16, and 17.91% for males and 0, 0, 2.23, and 4.18% for females in the four fields, respectively. One male was recaptured over native vegetation outside the field perimeter, and one was caught in a neighboring maize field, 457 m from the release point. An exponential decay function explained recapture of marked adults across the dispersal distance. More than 90% of adults were recaptured within 300 m of the release point. Large numbers of feral adults were captured throughout the study fields and over native vegetation between fields. The feral adult dispersal could be described with a linear model. Virgin females (38% marked and 14% feral) were captured throughout the study fields. The recapture of marked insects suggests that the dispersal was limited. However, capture of feral adults throughout Bt maize fields indicates that the actual dispersal may be more extensive than indicated by recapture of marked adults. Potential refuge sources for the feral adults were 587–1,387 m from the edge of the fields. There seems to be some dispersal of D. grandiosella from the nontransgenic “refuge” fields into the transgenic fields, which may allow for some genetic mixing of the Bt-resistant and -susceptible insects to help suppress potential evolution of pest resistance to transgenic maize. However, it is not clear whether the dispersal recorded in this study is sufficient to support the current resistance management strategy for corn borers.
Influence of Learning Environment and Socio-Behavioural Support on Academic Performance of Refugee Children in Public Primary Schools in Ruiru Sub-County, Kenya

The purpose for this study was to investigate the influence of learning environment and sociobehavioural support on academic performance of refugee children in public primary schools in Ruiru Sub-County, Kenya. The study used exploratory research design. There are thirty (30) public primary schools with refugee children in Ruiru Sub County. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 28 public primary schools. The target population for this study was 536 teachers and 30 head teachers. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 221 teachers while purpose sampling was used to select 28 head teachers. The findings showed that learning environment and socio-behavioural support influence the academic performance of refugee children. Based on research findings, it can be concluded that learning environment influences academic performance of refugees‟ children in public primary schools. The school environment is of paramount importance in shaping and reshaping intellectual ability. Further, it can be concluded that socio-behavioural support influences academic performance of refugees‟ children in public primary schools. It is recommended that school management should ensure that a favourable learning environment is provided for refugee children. This will ensure that a supportive and favourable school environment free of abuse, name calling and discrimination is achieved. Teachers, parents and other pupils should help in promoting sociobehavioural and psychological support to refugee children.
The Relationships Among Writing Self-Efficacy, Writing Goal Orientation, and Writing Achievement

This study examined writing self-efficacy, writing goal orientation, and writing achievement among (N = 244) Cambodian university students studying English as a foreign language. Most studies of the relationships among these motivational constructs have been conducted in western contexts, and the findings of those studies might not be generalizable to Asian students. The study first examined whether writing self-efficacy and writing goal orientation were structured similarly by Cambodian students and western students. Factor analyses and Cronbach’s alpha provided evidence of the unidimensionality of writing self-efficacy and of a tripartite structure for writing goal orientation. Second, the study investigated the relationships between writing self-efficacy, writing goal orientation, and writing achievement. Pearson Product-Moment Correlations showed that writing self-efficacy was related to writing mastery and performance-avoidance goal orientations. All writing goal orientation measures were related positively. Both writing self-efficacy and writing mastery goal orientation were shown to have positive correlations with writing achievement.
Effect of Dietary Enzyme Complex Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profiles, Fecal Microflora and Volatile Fatty Acid in Weaning Pigs

····························································································· 26 Introduction ························································································ 28 Materials and methods ····································································· 29 Results and discussion ······································································ 33 Conclusion ·························································································· 39 IV. Literature Cited ···················································································· 50 V. Summary in Korean ············································································ 60 VI. Acknowledgement ················································································ 62
Evaluation of Elite Rice Varieties Unmasks New Sources of Bacterial Blightand Leaf Streak Resistance for Africa

Background: Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) and Bacterial Leaf Streak (BLS) diseases respectively caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv oryzicola (Xoc) have become a real threat to rice production in West Africa. Genetic and pathogenicity studies revealed African X. oryzae (Xo) pathovars to be both fairly distant from their Asian counterparts. It is therefore mandatory to evaluate whether available major resistance genes are adapted for an efficient and durable control of BLB in Africa. As to BLS no resistance sources have been identified in rice so far. Results: We screened eleven upland and lowland elite rice varieties cultivated in Burkina Faso for resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak. We show that all five upland varieties including three NERICAs are highly resistant to each of the three races of Xoo identified in Africa and generally susceptible to several strains from Asia. We next demonstrated that resistance is occurring independently of the plant developmental stage. Strikingly, phenotyping and in planta growth curves assays showed that the five varieties are also highly resistant to a set of Xoc strains representative of the diversity in West Africa. Finally, we show that resistance of the NERICA varieties to both Xoo and Xoc is likely to be inherited from the O. sativa ssp. japonica rather than the O. glaberrima parental lines. Conclusion: We identified and characterized rice accessions exhibiting new sources of resistance against African Xoo and Xoc strains specifically. These results provide important perspectives for the control of BLB and BLS in West Africa.
Gesture selection study for a maternal healthcare information system in rural Assam, India

This paper presents a case study aimed at selecting suitable body gestures to represent actions that viewers of a televised maternal health information program will recognize and understand. This program is designed for pregnant women in rural Assam in India. We observed the gestures of 24 pregnant women to determine how to present the following seven computational functions that were used in the health information program: Select, Pause, Resume, Help, Activate Menu, Next, and Previous. The participants belonged to the low socio-economic strata in rural Assam, India and most had poor literacy levels. A participatory approach through a user-generated gesture collection method was used for this study. This study produced a total of 49 different gestures that participants performed to represent the seven computational functions. We selected seven body gestures based on the frequency of use, logical suitability to represent functions, the decreased possibility that the gestures would be accidently performed (false positives), and the ease of detection for the chosen technology (technical limitations).
Parenthood and the Attitudes of Young Adults

The association between parenthood sex role attitudes and aspirations was examined through data from the US National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972. Those who became parents since 1976 were significantly more traditional in terms of sex role attitudes than those who remained childless although the difference was not as dramatic among blacks. Those who became parents in the 1976-79 period tended however to have been more traditional from the beginning. When earlier traditional-egalitarian value orientations were controlled the transition to parenthood was found to exert differing effects according to the race and marital status of the respondent. For white married respondents becoming a parent has a clear and traditionalizing influence. On the other hand for unmarried black female parents parenthood leads to more egalitarian attitudes. Among black men-married or unmarried--parenthood has no significant effect on values. These findings are interpreted to represent the costs and benefits of traditional sex roles to different groups under different situations. The arrival of a child is generally accompanied by traditional role adjustments whereby the wife becomes the primary caretaker and the husband the primary wage-earner. Single parents in contrast are not able to organize their life in this manner and can be expected to become more egalitarian. Other factors predisposing black mothers toward a more nontraditional value stance include lower marriage rates the high incidence of out-of-wedlock pregnancies and difficulties faced by black men in finding adequate employment. It is stressed that this survey focused on high school graduates now 22-25 years of age and the results should not be generalized to other ages and times until they are replicated in future research.
On the origin of death: Paul and Augustine meet Charles Darwin

Ever since the 4th century, Christian theologians have linked Romans 5:12–21 with Genesis 2–3. Augustine (354–430), one of the Latin fathers of the Church, propagated the idea of ‘original sin’ according to his reading of these chapters. This idea eventually became a fixed doctrine in Western Christianity and a large number of Christians still believe and proclaim that humans would have lived for ever but for the misconduct of Adam and Eve. They also proclaim that Jesus, through his obedience, death and resurrection, re-established God’s original creation plan. Death was conquered and eternal life can be inherited by all who believe in Jesus as saviour and second Adam. However, since both the introduction of the theory of evolution into biology and the paradigm shift in biblical studies (at the end of the 19th century), the view that death was to be linked to ‘original sin’ came under severe criticism. This article argues that Romans 5:12–21 and Genesis 2–3 do not support the idea of ‘original sin’ and that death is a normal part of life on earth, as argued by evolutionary biologists and proclaimed by many Old Testament texts.
Des Mésolithiques amateurs de grenouilles ? Une étonnante découverte sur le site de la Baume d’Ogens (Vaud, Suisse)

Occupe a diverses reprises au cours du Mesolithique, le site de la Baume d’Ogens (Vaud, Suisse) a livre une faune abondante et bien conservee. Celle-ci comprend notamment plusieurs centaines de restes de batraciens issus apparemment d’une seule espece, a savoir la grenouille rousse (Rana temporaria LINNE, 1758). Ces vestiges, majoritairement brules, temoignent d’une distribution squelettique marquee par un fort desequilibre en faveur de la moitie posterieure du corps. Ces diverses caracteristiques laissent peu de doute quant a une consommation de ces animaux par les mesolithiques.
The outflow of gas from the Centaurus A circumnuclear disk: atomic spectral line maps from Herschel-PACS and APEX

The physical state of the gas in the central 500 pc of NGC~5128 (the radio galaxy Centaurus A - Cen A), was investigated using the far-infrared fine-structure lines of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, as well as the CO(4-3) molecular line. The circumnuclear disk (CND) is traced by emission from dust and the neutral gas ([CI] and CO). A gas outflow with a line-of-sight velocity of 60 km/s is evident in both species. The center of the CND is bright in [OI], [OIII], and [CII]; [OI]63mu emission dominates that of [CII] even though it is absorbed with optical depths of 1.0-1.5. The outflow is well-traced by the [NII] and [NIII] lines and also seen in the [CII] and [OIII] lines that peak in the center. Ionized gas densities are moderate in the CND and low everywhere else. Neutral gas densities range from 4000 per cm3 (outflow, extended thin disk ETD) to 20 000 per cm3 (CND). The CND radiation field is weak compared to the ETD starburst field. The outflow has a much stronger radiation field. The total mass of all the CND gas is 9 x 10^(7) M(o) and the mass of the outflowing gas is only 15%-30% of that. The outflow most likely originates from the shock-dominated CND cavity surrounding the central black hole. With a factor of three uncertainty, the mass outflow rate is about 2 M(o)/yr, a thousand times higher than the accretion rate of the black hole. Without replenishment, the CND will be depleted in 15-120 million years. However, the outflow velocity is well below the escape velocity.