Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-resolution SOFIA/EXES Spectroscopy of SO2 Gas in the Massive Young Stellar Object MonR2 IRS3: Implications for the Sulfur Budget

Sulfur has been observed to be severely depleted in dense clouds leading to uncertainty in the molecules that contain it and the chemistry behind their evolution. Here, we aim to shed light on the sulfur chemistry in young stellar objects (YSOs) by using high-resolution infrared spectroscopy of absorption by the ν3 rovibrational band of SO2 obtained with the Echelon-Cross-Echelle Spectrograph on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. Using local thermodynamic equilibrium models we derive physical parameters for the SO2 gas in the massive YSO MonR2 IRS3. This yields a SO2/H abundance lower limit of 5.6 ± 0.5 × 10−7, or >4% of the cosmic sulfur budget, and an intrinsic line width (Doppler parameter) of b < 3.20 km s−1. The small line widths and high temperature (Tex = 234 ± 15 K) locate the gas in a relatively quiescent region near the YSO, presumably in the hot core where ices have evaporated. This sublimation unlocks a volatile sulfur reservoir (e.g., sulfur allotropes as detected abundantly in comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko), which is followed by SO2 formation by warm, dense gas-phase chemistry. The narrowness of the lines makes formation of SO2 from sulfur sputtered off grains in shocks less likely toward MonR2 IRS3.
Relationship between Urinary Tract Infection Categorization and Pathogens’ Antimicrobial Susceptibilities

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be hard to treat and treatment plans need to include accurate categorization such as uncomplicated or complicated UTI, or catheterized or uncatheterized UTI. We investigated the antibiotic susceptibilities of representative uropathogens in UTI categories. Methods: We isolated uropathogens and analyzed their antimicrobial susceptibilities according to UTI categorization such as: (1) urology outpatients, urology inpatients, or other department inpatients; (2) uncomplicated or complicated UTIs; (3) upper or lower UTIs, and (4) non-catheterized or catheterized UTIs. Results:Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were representative uropathogens. Susceptibilities to levofloxacin (LVFX) in E. coli in urology outpatients (p = 0.0179), those to ceftadizime in E. coli in other department inpatients (p = 0.0327), and those to LVFX in E. faecalis in complicated UTI (p = 0.0137) significantly decreased in these 3 years compared with the previous 3 years. Susceptibilities of upper UTI to LVFX in E. coli were significantly lower in the recent 4 years compared to lower UTI (p = 0.0452) and those of catheterized UTI to LVFX in E. faecalis were significantly lower than in non-catheterized UTI (p = 0.0153). Conclusions: Data demonstrated different tendencies of uropathogens’ antibiotic susceptibilities according to UTI categorizations and they could be useful for planning UTI treatments.
Visualization and characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 pellicles

Cellulose, whose production is controlled by c‐di‐GMP, is a commonly found exopolysaccharide in bacterial biofilms. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000, a model organism for molecular studies of plant–pathogen interactions, carries the wssABCDEFGHI operon for the synthesis of acetylated cellulose. The high intracellular levels of the second messenger c‐di‐GMP induced by the overexpression of the heterologous diguanylate cyclase PleD stimulate cellulose production and enhance air–liquid biofilm (pellicle) formation. To characterize the mechanisms involved in Pto DC3000 pellicle formation, we studied this process using mutants lacking flagella, biosurfactant or different extracellular matrix components, and compared the pellicles produced in the absence and in the presence of PleD. We have discovered that neither alginate nor the biosurfactant syringafactin are needed for their formation, whereas cellulose and flagella are important but not essential. We have also observed that the high c‐di‐GMP levels conferred more cohesion to Pto cells within the pellicle and induced the formation of intracellular inclusion bodies and extracellular fibres and vesicles. Since the pellicles were very labile and this greatly hindered their handling and processing for microscopy, we have also developed new methods to collect and process them for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These techniques open up new perspectives for the analysis of fragile biofilms in other bacterial strains.
Persistent alterations in biological profiles in women with abuse histories: influence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

OBJECTIVE To examine dysregulation in biological measures associated with histories of abuse in women and whether women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) differ in their dysregulation. DESIGN Twenty-five women meeting prospective criteria for PMDD and 42 non-PMDD controls underwent structured interview to determine abuse histories and lifetime Axis I diagnoses, excluding those with current Axis I disorders or using medications. MAJOR OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma cortisol and norepinephrine (NE), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and vascular resistance index (VRI) were assessed at rest and in response to mental stress. RESULTS A greater proportion of PMDD women had prior abuse compared with non-PMDD women. Regardless of PMDD status, all abused women had lower plasma NE and higher HRs and tended to have lower plasma cortisol at rest and during stress. Abused women also reported more severe daily emotional and physical symptoms. Greater VRI and BP at rest and during stress were seen only in PMDD women with abuse. CONCLUSION There is persistent dysregulation in stress-responsive systems in all abused women that cannot be accounted for by current psychiatric illness or medications, and PMDD women may be differentially more vulnerable to the impact of abuse on measures reflecting alpha-adrenergic receptor function.
Electrophysiological Changes During Early Steps of Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose The rhodopsin mutation P23H is responsible for a significant portion of autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa, a disorder characterized by rod photoreceptor death. The mechanisms of toxicity remain unclear; previous studies implicate destabilization of P23H rhodopsin during light exposure, causing decreased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit and ER stress responses. Here, we probed phototransduction in Xenopus laevis rods expressing bovine P23H rhodopsin, in which retinal degeneration is inducible by light exposure, in order to examine early physiological changes that occur during retinal degeneration. Methods We recorded single-cell and whole-retina responses to light stimuli using electrophysiology. Moreover, we monitored morphologic changes in rods after different periods of light exposure. Results Initially, P23H rods had almost normal photoresponses, but following a brief light exposure varying from 4 to 32 photoisomerizations per disc, photoresponses became irreversibly prolonged. In intact retinas, rods began to shed OS fragments after a rod-saturating exposure of 12 minutes, corresponding to approximately 10 to 100 times more photoisomerizations. Conclusions Our results indicate that in P23H rods light-induced degeneration occurs in at least two stages, the first involving impairment of phototransduction and the second involving initiation of morphologic changes.
Characteristics and Prognosis of Stage I Ovarian Mucinous Tumors According to Expansile or Infiltrative Type.

BACKGROUND The present study retrospectively determined the outcomes and prognoses in stage I mucinous ovarian carcinoma according to histological type (ie, expansile or infiltrative). METHODS A centralized pathologic review of tumors in patients treated from 1976 to 2016 for ovarian mucinous carcinoma was performed by 2 expert pathologists according to the 2014 World Health Organization classification. Only patients with stage I disease were analyzed. Tumors were typed as expansile or infiltrative and oncological issues analyzed. RESULTS A total of 114 cases were reviewed. Fifty were excluded (stage > I in 30 cases and no accessibility to a pathological review for 20 cases). Thus, 64 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 29 had expansile-type and 35 infiltrative-type disease. The characteristics of both groups of patients were comparable, except the use of nodal staging surgery, which was more frequent in patients with infiltrative type. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages in expansile and infiltrative types were as follows: IA in 13 (45%) and 20 (57%), and IC in 16 (55%) and 15 (43%), respectively. Recurrence occurred in 3 patients with expansile type and 6 patients with infiltrative type. Two cases of expansile recurrence had pelvic recurrence and were salvaged after secondary surgery and chemotherapy, whereas 5 cases of infiltrative recurrence had extrapelvic spread and died from disease or were alive with progressive disease. CONCLUSIONS Recurrence occurred in both types of stage I mucinous ovarian cancer. However, lethal recurrences were observed mainly in infiltrative type.
Trends in Alcohol Intake and the Association between Socio-Demographic Factors and Volume of Alcohol Intake amongst Adult Male Drinkers in China

Background: The volume of alcohol intake and type of alcohol affect Chinese men’s health. This study investigated changes of alcohol type between 2004 and 2011, explored the trend of change in alcohol type with age and determined the social demographic factors influencing the alcohol intake of Chinese men. Methods: Research data originated from the public database, China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Three chi-square tests were used to determine the prevalence of different alcohol types (beer, wine and liqueur) and the trend with age among male drinkers from 2004 to 2011. An ordered logistic regression model was established with alcohol intake as the dependent variable and social demography as the independent variable to analyze the influence of these factors on male alcohol intake. Results: This study confirmed that from 2004 to 2011, 70.1% of Chinese men consumed alcohol less than 168 g/w. The popularity of beer was on the rise, while the liqueur alcohol consumption decreased from 2004 to 2011 and the consumption of wine began to rise rapidly after 2006 (p < 0.05 for all). The prevalence of liqueur drinking increased with age and the prevalence of beer drinking decreased with age among Chinese male drinkers (p < 0.05 for all). From 2004 to 2011, a positive correlation appeared between age and male alcohol intake (p < 0.05 for all). In 2004 (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03–1.44), 2006 (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02–1.42) and 2011 (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.31–1.75), Chinese men living in rural areas had a high volume of alcohol intake. From 2004 to 2011, the participants had married consumed more alcohol (p < 0.05 for all). In 2004 (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43–0.88) and 2011 (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68–0.94), higher education levels were negatively correlated with male alcohol intake. In 2006 (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.07–1.56), 2009 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.45–2.14) and 2011 (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.13–1.61), male drinkers who were working consumed more alcohol. From 2004 to 2011, a significant positive correlation appeared between tobacco consumption and alcohol intake (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusion: Consumption of three types of alcohol (beer, wine and liqueur) varies with the year. Beer consumption decreases with age, whereas liqueur consumption increases with age. Social demographic factors, such as residence, age, highest education level, working status and tobacco consumption, are related to alcohol intake. Our study affirms the effect of age on the choice of different types of alcohol.
Characterization of the Blood Microbiota in Korean Females with Rosacea

note, a new insight was made into the pathologic significance of the blood microbiota that had been overlooked in conventional culture-based research. By identifying identical bacterial gene sequences at two different sites, Huang et al. [8] determined that Helicobacter pylori exists in the peripheral blood as well as in the gastric mucosa of patients with duodenal ulcers. Rosacea is associated not only with various gastrointestinal diseases, but also with gut dysbiosis [9–11]. Indeed, our previous cross-sectional study demonstrated that the gut microbiota was altered in rosacea subjects [11]. Given the aberrant composition of the gut microbiota in rosacea subjects and the putative role of the blood microbiota in comorbid diseases, there may be a connection between the gut, blood, and skin inflammation. The objective of this study was to detect differences in the blood microbiota between Korean female rosacea subjects and rosaceafree controls. In 2014, this study was performed to assess the differences in the blood microbiota between rosacea and rosacea-free subjects. We selected ageand body mass index-matched groups of rosacea patients and control subjects from a total of 282 female subjects. Rosacea patients were identified based on a history of rosacea or a definite manifestation of rosacea. Individuals with a history of antibiotic use within 6 weeks or probiotic use within 4 weeks, a history of diabetes mellitus, or a low glomerular filtration rate (< 60 mL/min) were excluded (n = 23). Ultimately, 10 subjects with rosacea and 30 controls were included. The blood samples were collected by peripheral vein puncture in sterile conditions after cleansing skin with an alcohol swab. One purple-top (EDTA) vacutainer containing whole blood was collected from each subject and immediately stored at –4 ° C. On blood collecting, genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples with the use of a commercial isolation kit (G-DEX IIb Genomic DNA Extraction Kit for Blood; iNtRON Biotechnology, Korea) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. The buffy coat consisting mainly of leucocytes was used for DNA extraction from blood samples. Variable V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified with the universal primers 341F (5′ TCG TCG GCA GCG TCA GAT GTG TAT AAG AGA CAG CCT ACG GGN GGC WGC AG 3′) and 805R (5′ GTC TCG TGG GCT CGG AGA TGT GTA TAA GAG ACA G GA CTA CHV GGG TAT CTA ATC C 3′), with each primer modified to contain a unique 8-nt barcode index by combination with the Nextera XT DNA Library Preparation kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). The PCR reactions contained 5 ng/μL DNA template, 2× KAPA HiFi HotStart Ready Mix (KAPA Biosystems, Wilmington, MA, USA), and 2 pmol of each primer. The reaction conditions consisted of an initial incubation at 95 ° C for 3 min; 25 cycles of 95 ° C for 30 s, 55 ° C for 30 s, and 72 ° C for 30 s; and a final extension incubation at 72 ° C for 5 min. After PCR clean-up and index PCR, sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform according to the manufacturer’s specifications [12, 13].
Defective Sphingolipids Metabolism and Tumor Associated Macrophages as the Possible Links Between Gaucher Disease and Blood Cancer Development

There is a rising number of evidence indicating the increased risk of cancer development in association with congenital metabolic errors. Although these diseases represent disorders of individual genes, they lead to the disruption of metabolic pathways resulting in metabolite accumulation or their deficiency. Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive sphingolipidosis. It is a rare lysosomal storage disease. A strong correlation between GD and different types of cancers, such as multiple myeloma, leukemia, and hepatocellular carcinoma, has been reported. Common features for all types of GD include spleen and liver enlargement, cytopenia, and a variety of bone defects. Overall, the molecular bases leading to the association of GD and cancers are not clearly understood. Here, we describe the role of ceramides in GD, discuss the potential implications of immune cells activation and show how the disturbances in their metabolism might promote blood cancer development.
Identification and analysis of the mitogenome of Sarcocheilichthys parvus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

Abstract The complete mitogenome sequence of Sarcocheilichthys parvus was identified using polymerase chain reaction and sequenced with primer walking method. The complete mitogenome was 16,674 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 2 non-coding regions. The gene arrangement and composition of S. parvus was similar to most other fishes.
Size for gestational age at birth according to offspring sex and gestational weight gain in underweight women

Abstract Although maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are related to fetal growth, there is a paucity of data regarding how offspring sex affects the relationship between maternal BMI in underweight mothers (pre-pregnancy BMI <18.5 kg/m2) and size for gestational age at birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of offspring sex on the relationships among maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and size for gestational age at birth in Japanese underweight mothers. Records of women with full-term pregnancies who underwent perinatal care at Kawasaki Municipal Hospital (Kawasaki, Japan) between January 2013 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The study cohort included underweight (n=566) and normal-weight women (18.5 kg/m2⩽pre-pregnancy BMI<25 kg/m2; n=2671). The incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) births in the underweight group was significantly higher than that in the normal-weight group (P<0.01). Additionally, SGA incidence in the underweight group was significantly higher than that in the normal-weight group (P<0.01) in female, but not male (P=0.30) neonates. In the women with female neonates, pre-pregnancy underweight was associated with a significantly increased probability of SGA (odds ratio [OR]: 1.80; P<0.01), but inadequate GWG was not (OR: 1.38; P=0.11). In contrast, in women with male neonates, inadequate GWG was associated with a significantly increased probability of SGA (OR: 1.53; P=0.03), but not with pre-pregnancy underweight (OR: 1.30; P=0.10). In conclusion, the present results suggest that pre-pregnancy underweight is associated with SGA in female offspring but not in male offspring.
Sphingosine 1–phosphate signaling induces SNAI2 expression to promote cell invasion in breast cancer cells

Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process implicated in the initial stage of cancer metastasis, which is the major cause of tumor recurrence and mortality. Although key transcription factors that regulate EMT, such as snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2), are well characterized, the upstream signaling pathways controlling these transcriptional mediators are largely unknown, which limits therapeutic strategies. Sphingosine 1–phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid mediator, generated by sphingosine kinases (SPHK1 and SPHK2), that mainly exerts its effects by binding to the following 5 GPCRs: S1P1 to S1P5. S1P signaling has been reported to regulate different aspects of cancer progression including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration; nevertheless, its role in cancer metastasis, specifically via EMT, is not established. Here we show that SPHK1 expression correlates significantly with EMT score in breast cancer cell lines, and with SNAI2 in patient‐derived breast tumors. Cell‐based assays demonstrate that S1P can rapidly up‐regulate the expression of SNAI2 in breast cancer cells via the activation of cognate receptors S1P2 and S1P3. Knockdown studies suggest that S1P2 and S1P3 mediate this effect by activating myocardin‐related transcription factor A (MRTF‐A) and yes‐associated protein (YAP), respectively. Michigan Cancer Foundation 7 cells stably overexpressing S1P2 or S1P3 exhibit a more invasive phenotype, when compared to control cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that S1P produced by SPHK1 induces SNAI2 expression via S1P2‐YAP and S1P3‐MRTF‐A pathways, leading to enhanced cell invasion. Cumulatively, this study reveals a novel mechanism by which S1P activates parallel pathways that regulate the expression of SNAI2, a master regulator of EMT, and provides new insights into druggable therapeutic targets that may limit cancer metastasis. Wang, W. , Hind, T. , Lam, B. W. S. , Herr, D. R. Sphingosine 1–phosphate signaling induces SNAI2 expression to promote cell invasion in breast cancer cells. FASEB J. 33, 7180–7191 (2019). www.fasebj. org
Efficacy of Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate and Propiconazole in Managing Armillaria Root Rot of Almond on Peach Rootstock.

The efficacy of sodium tetrathiocarbonate (STTC or Enzone 31.8%, a liquid formulation that releases carbon disulfide) and the demethylation inhibiting (DMI) fungicide propiconazole (Alamo 1.1EC) was evaluated for management of Armillaria root rot of almond grown on Lovell peach rootstock. After 12 months, pre-/post-plant STTC (189 liters of 3,850 and 500 mg/liter/3 m2 treatment site, respectively) or tarped pre-plant methyl bromide (Dowfume 98%, 454 g a.i./3 m2) soil fumigation treatments significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the recovery of Armillaria mellea from naturally infected root segments at 0.3 and 1.2 m soil depths, compared with control sites. Tarped methyl bromide treatments eradicated the fungus from infested root segments at both depths; however, nontarped sites significantly reduced the recovery only at the 1.2 m depth. Pre-plant STTC (189 liters of 3,850 mg/liter/3 m2) reduced the recovery of the fungus but was not as effective as the pre-/post-plant STTC treatment. Recovery of the fungus in post-plant treatments with STTC (189 liters of 500 mg/liter/3 m2) was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from control sites. Additionally, mortality of almond tree replants from phytotoxicity was significantly higher in post-plant applications of STTC, compared with the other treatments or with the control trees. A gel formulation of 31.8% STTC (1,800 ml of 318,000 mg of STTC per liter per tree stump) applied in wells that were drilled into tree stumps eradicated the fungus from trunk and primary roots but not secondary or tertiary roots, whereas liquid formulations of STTC and metam-sodium (Vapam - 32.7% sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate) eradicated the fungus from only trunks but not roots. Treatments with STTC (189 liters of 500 mg/liter/3 m2) were not effective in preventing mortality of A. mellea-infected, mature, 7- to 8-year-old almond trees. Propiconazole (Alamo 1.1EC) was shown to be toxic to mycelial growth of A. mellea grown on potato dextrose agar with an EC50 value of 0.15 mg/liter. Therapeutic, passive injections of propiconazole into 7- to 8-year-old almond trees (Lovell peach rootstock) were successful in reducing mortality of infected trees during two growing seasons, compared with infected control trees treated with water.