Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Philadelphia positive ( Ph + ) ALL and CML in children

Philadelphia positive (Ph+) leukemias in children include essentially all chronic myeloid leukemias (CML) and 2% to 3% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs). Ph+ leukemias are characterized by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 (Philadelphia chromosome). The translocation creates a fusion of human homologue of the Abelson Murine leukemia virus ABL on chromosome 9q34, with breakpoint cluster region BCR on 22q11 (reviewed in ref. 1) An in frame BCR-ABL fusion transcript results in the upregulation of the abl tyrosine kinase. Primarily, three main BCR-ABL chimeric transcripts arise from distinct breakpoints in the BCR gene, resulting in fusion of the BCR exon 1, exon 1-12/13 or exons 1-19 to ABL. The molecular masses of the protein products are 185/190, 210 and 230 kDa respectively. In most patients with CML and in approximately 10% of patients of ALL it is the p210BCR-ABL product which is produced, although low levels of the p185BCR-ABL product are often detect in CML patients. For the majority of Ph+ALL and in occasional patients with CML, a p185BCR-ABL product is found. The alternative translocation product, ABL-BCR can be detected but is not thought to play a role in leukemogenesis (1).
Some Combinatorial Results for Complex Reflection Groups

In this paper, we prove that a simple system for a subsystem Ψ of the complex root system Φ can always be chosen as a subset of the positive system Φ+of Φ. Furthermore, we show that a set of distinguished coset representatives can be found for every reflection subgroup of the complex reflection groups. The corresponding results for real crystallographic root systems and their reflection groups (i.e., Weyl groups) are well known (see [9]).
Evaluation of the FLEXX incremental construction algorithm for protein–ligand docking

We report on a test of FLEXX, a fully automatic docking tool for flexible ligands, on a highly diverse data set of 200 protein–ligand complexes from the Protein Data Bank. In total 46.5% of the complexes of the data set can be reproduced by a FLEXX docking solution at rank 1 with an rms deviation (RMSD) from the observed structure of less than 2 Å. This rate rises to 70% if one looks at the entire generated solution set. FLEXX produces reliable results for ligands with up to 15 components which can be docked in 80% of the cases with acceptable accuracy. Ligands with more than 15 components tend to generate wrong solutions more often. The average runtime of FLEXX on this test set is 93 seconds per complex on a SUN Ultra‐30 workstation. In addition, we report on “cross‐docking” experiments, in which several receptor structures of complexes with identical proteins have been used for docking all cocrystallized ligands of these complexes. In most cases, these experiments show that FLEXX can acceptably dock a ligand into a foreign receptor structure. Finally we report on screening runs of ligands out of a library with 556 entries against ten different proteins. In eight cases FLEXX is able to find the original inhibitor within the top 7% of the total library. Proteins 1999;37:228–241. ©1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microsurgical Free‐Tissue Transfer in the Elderly Patient

During the 5-year period from July of 1984 to July of 1989, we performed 94 free-tissue transfers in 92 patients over the age of 50 whom we arbitrarily defined as “elderly. ” There were 32 patients in the age range between 50 and 59 years, 40 patients aged between 60 and 69 years, and 20 patients aged between 70 and 79 years. Seventy-one flaps were utilized for head and neck reconstruction, and 23 flaps were used in reconstruction of the trunk and extremities. There was 1 total flap loss, for a flap viability rate of 99 percent (93 of 94). Postoperative complications were classified into surgical (technical) and medical categories. There were 14 major surgical complications (15 percent) and 13 significant postoperative medical problems (14 percent). The majority of these complications occurred in head and neck cancer patients in the age group between 60 and 69 years, who had significant underlying medical problems and were preoperatively classified as ASA 3. There were 5 postoperative deaths, for a mortality rate of 5.4 percent (5 of 92 patients).
Repeatability and Reproducibility of Quantitative Whole-lung Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Purpose Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for quantitative evaluation of pulmonary perfusion and has shown high clinical usefulness for the evaluation and differentiation of different lung pathologies. The reproducibility of quantitative analysis of whole-lung perfusion has not been investigated previously. Our aim was to assess the intraobserver and interobserver repeatability and reproducibility of perfusion MRI to prove the concept that perfusion is suitable for therapy monitoring. Materials and Methods The study was approved by the International Review Board. Fourteen healthy volunteers were examined using a time-resolved FLASH 3-dimensional perfusion sequence (1.5-T MRI, TREAT, GRAPPA 2, coronal orientation, voxel size 3.9×3.9×6.3 mm3). Perfusion was assessed initially and after 24 hours during an inspiratory and an expiratory breath hold. For each examination, 0.05 mmol/kg BW of Gd-DTPA was injected. Perfusion parameters such as pulmonary blood flow (PBF), pulmonary blood volume, and mean transit time were calculated. The evaluation was performed independently by 2 blinded observers. Intraobserver and interobserver differences were determined. Results The intraobserver differences between the initial and follow-up examinations for pulmonary blood volume, mean transit time, and time to peak were not significantly different for observers 1 and 2. PBF showed a significant difference for both observers only on inspiration (P<0.006 for observer 1 and P<0.009 for observer 2). For interobserver evaluation, all parameters, except inspiratory PBF, were significantly different (P<0.0001). Conclusions Intraobserver quantitative perfusion MRI showed reproducible results. However, the evaluation is highly dependent on the observer. Therefore, quantitative analysis of the serial examinations should be performed by the same observer.
Comparison of Lidocaine, Xylazine, and a Combination of Lidocaine and Xylazine for Caudal Epidural Analgesia in Dromedary Camels

Objective- This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effects of lidocaine, xylazine and lidocaine/xylazine combination in epidural anesthesia in dromedary camels. Design- Experimental Study Animals- Fifteen healthy immature dromedary camels Methods- The camels were randomly designed in 3 equal groups. In group L: lidocaine 2% (0.22 mg/kg), in group X: xylazine 2% (0.17 mg/kg), and in group LX: a combination of lidocaine 2% (0.22 mg/kg) and xylazine 2% (0.17 mg/kg) were injected into the first intercoccygeal epidural space. Analgesia, sedation, ataxia, and effect on cardiopulmonary, rectal temperature were recorded at different intervals before (baseline) and after the drug administration. Results- Epidural lidocaine, xylazine and their combination produced analgesia in the tail, anus and perineum. Onset time of perineal analgesia in groups L and LX was significantly shorter than group X. Duration of complete perineal analgesia in group X and LX was significantly longer than group L. Mild to moderate sedation was observed in groups X and LX, whilst the camels in group L were alert and nervous during the study. Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was more severe in group L and LX. Significant depression in heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature values were observed in groups X and LX in some measurement points of the study. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- According to the results of present study, it could be concluded that a combination of lidocaine and xylazine administered epidurally to dromedaries produces an effective, safe, with more rapid onset of longer perineal analgesia, when compared with either agent alone.
Auditory Selective Attention and Event-Related Potentials in Schizophrenia

Brain ERPs were recorded in ten unmedicated schizophrenic patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls during a multidimensional listening task. Patients showed a marked reduction in a long-duration attention-related negative ERP component, termed ‘processing negativity’ (PN), which was elicited by attended stimuli. The amplitude of PN was significantly correlated with SANS and SAPS scores of schizophrenic symptoms. The P300 component was also reduced in amplitude in patients, and was significantly correlated with SANS ratings of negative thought disorder. These findings provide neurophysiological evidence of impairment in the maintenance of selective attention and the cognitive processes associated with target detection among schizophrenic patients. The reduced PN in schizophrenics implicates frontostriatal pathways in the aetiology of attentional deficits in schizophrenia.
Physical factors affecting the relative abundance of native and invasive amphipods in the St. Lawrence River

The Ponto-Caspian amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus (Stebbing, 1899) is reportedly replacing the North American amphipod Gammarus fasciatus Say, 1818, in the lower Great Lakes, but the two species appear to coexist in the upper St. Lawrence River several years after invasion by E. ischnus. A multi-site survey in the river between Lake Ontario and Montreal (Quebec) found that E. ischnus and G. fasciatus respond differently to substrate characteristics, water chemistry variables, and current velocity. Both species increase in abundance in the presence of dreissenid mussels. However, E. ischnus density is positively correlated with current velocity and an increasing proportion of gravel-sized sediment, while G. fasciatus density is positively correlated with benthic filamentous algal (Cladophora spp.) biomass, macrophyte biomass, and pH. Habitat heterogeneity within the river may be promoting the coexistence of native and exotic amphipods by allowing them to segregate along physicochemical gradients.
The Rat as a Model to Evaluate the Gastric Irritation Potential of Alkaline Products

Animal models historically used to assess the acute gastric irritation potential of accidental ingestion of consumer products include the dog, pig, rabbit, and cat. In looking at alternative methods that are of shorter duration and more cost-effective, the rat is being evaluated as a potential model. Acute gastric irritation is known to increase as the reserve alkalinity of the formulation increases. In initial experiments to assess the rat as a potential model, animals were dosed via oral gavage with 1 of 4 formulations ranging in reserve alkalinity from 4.0 to 10.8. Necropsies were performed at 15 and 60 min after dosing. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the stomach revealed morphological differences in the various treatment groups that distinguish granular formulations having either a low (R.A. = 4.0), moderate (R.A. = 7.1), or higher (R.A. = 10.8) reserve alkalinity. Additionally, it was observed that the acute gastric changes in rats dosed with a liquid formulation having a low (R.A. = 4.2) reserve alkalinity were similar to those in rats dosed with a granular formulation having a moderate reserve alkalinity (R.A. = 7.1). This suggests that other factors such as types of ingredients, pH, and physical form influence the extent of acute gastric irritation and demonstrates that an evaluation of only reserve alkalinity is not sufficient to ensure the safety of these products. This preliminary work supports the rat as a potential model to assess the acute gastric irritation potential of alkaline formulations or substances.
Selection, expression, and nucleotide sequencing of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene of Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus

The gene for the catabolic NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase of Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus was cloned by selection of Escherichia coli for complementation of a biosynthetic defect. Cloned fragments containing the gene and the P. asaccharolyticus transcription and translation signals are very highly expressed in E. coli. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned gene was determined. It codes for a polypeptide of 421 amino acids, the sequence of which is similar to those of the NADP-accepting glutamate dehydrogenases. The sequence similarity of this protein to the mammalian glutamate dehydrogenases, which accept both NADP and NAD, is greater than its similarity to the bacterial NADP-specific dehydrogenases, suggesting that this NAD-specific bacterial glutamate dehydrogenase and the NADP-specific bacterial dehydrogenases diverged separately from the line leading to the dual-specificity mammalian glutamate dehydrogenases.
Determinants of impaired growth among hospitalized children: a case-control study.

CONTEXT Protein energy malnutrition constitutes a public health problem, especially in less affluent countries. The identification of amenable predictive risk factors is of major importance for policy makers to plan interventions to reduce infant malnutrition. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for protein energy malnutrition among hospitalized low-income children aged 6 to 24 months. TYPE OF STUDY Case-control study. SETTING Two public hospitals in Recife, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS The cases were 124 infants with length-for-age below the 10th percentile of the National Center for Health Statistics curve and the controls were 241 infants with length-for-age equal to or above the 10th percentile who were recruited in the same infirmary. METHODS Cases and controls were compared in relation to a variety of sociodemographic, environmental and reproductive factors, and their healthcare, previous feeding practice and morbidity. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the net effect of risk factors on infant malnutrition, after adjusting for potential confounding variables. RESULTS The mother's age, possession of a TV set, type of water supply, family size and location of the home were significantly associated with child malnutrition in the bivariate analysis. However, these associations lost their significance after adjusting for other explanatory variables in the hierarchical logistic regression analysis. This analysis showed that low birth weight contributed the largest risk for impaired growth. Increased risks of infant malnutrition were also significantly associated with households that had no toilet facilities or refrigerator, high parity for the mother, no breastfeeding of the infant, inadequate vaccination coverage and previous hospitalization for diarrhea and pneumonia. DISCUSSION The literature shows that chronic malnutrition, as assessed by low length-for-age indexes, is often related to low income. However, this was not the case in this study, in which other variables had greater impact on child growth. CONCLUSIONS In view of the multiple causes of malnutrition, the interrelationship among its determinants should be taken into account when adopting strategies for its reduction and prevention.
Legionella pneumophila in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples of Patients Suffering from Severe Respiratory Infections: Role of Age, Sex and History of Smoking in the Prevalence of Bacterium.

INTRODUCTION Legionellapneumophila is the most commonly detected cause of legionellosis, which is an acute respiratory tract infection with high morbidity and mortality rates. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of L. pneumophila in bronchoalveolar lavages and study the role of sex, age and history of smoking as risk factors or susceptibility to the bacterium. METHODS One hundred bronchoalveolar lavage samples were collected from the Iranian health centers and immediately transferred to laboratory. The samples were cultured and those that were L. pneumophila positive were subjected to PCR method with respect to the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS Twelve out of 100 samples were positive for L. pneumophila (12%). Patients older than 70 years had the highest incidence of L. pneumophila (17.77%). Prevalence of L. pneumophila in male and female patients was 14.81% and 8.69%, respectively. Total incidence of L pneumophila in patients with and without history of smoking was 18% and 6%, respectively. There were significant differences in the incidence of bacterium between groups of our study. CONCLUSION Sex, age and history of smoking are predominant risk factors for the occurrence of L. pneumophila. However, more studies should be undertaken to confirm these results.
The Intersection of Long-Term Care and End-of-Life Care

High-quality end-of-life care is an important component of high-quality long-term care, yet many elderly individuals receiving long-term care services do not obtain good care as they approach death. This study provides a systematic review of articles that describe care received at the nexus of long-term care and end-of-life care. The articles identified three primary types of barriers to high-quality end-of-life care in long-term care settings: delivery system barriers intrinsic to long-term care settings, barriers related to features of coverage and reimbursement, and barriers resulting from the current regulatory approach for long-term care providers. The authors recommend areas for future research that would help to support progress on public policy that governs the provision of care at this important intersection.
RenalTubularTransportof AminoAcids

Cushny in 1917 first remarked on the extensive amino acid reabsorption which occurs in the nephron. Although many workers since then have studied the nature and localization of the reabsorptive mechanism, progress has been slow because of the technical difficulties of micropuncture work. The bulk of filtered amino nitrogen is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule although the possibility of there being more distal reabsorptive (or secretory) sites cannot be excluded. It is also uncertain whether all segments of the proximal tubule contribute equally to the reabsorptive process. Amino acid reabsorption is an active process involving numerous illdefined steps, the first of which is binding to the brush borders. Renal amino acid transport mechanisms are of two kinds: the high-capacity lowspecificity systems transport whole groups of amino acids-the acidic, basic, neutral, and imino-glycine groups-while the other, the low-capacity high-specificity systems, transport single or perhaps pairs of amino acids only.
Dopamine 02 receptor plays a critical role in cell proliferation and proopiomelanocortin expression in the pituitary

Background: It has been suggested that the dopaminergic system is involved in the inhibitory control of secretion of pituitary hormones and in the regulation of motor function in the striatum. To elucidate the specific role of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) in the pituitary and brain, we generated D2R deficient (D2R mutant) mice using the gene targeting method.
Clinicopathological features of extramedullary recurrence/relapse of multiple myeloma

Extramedullary relapses of multiple myeloma (MM) during the course of disease are rare. We report a series of six patients with primary intramedullary MM that were treated with immunomodulatory therapy and/or stem cell transplant, and that later developed extramedullary relapses at various body sites. These six cases represent 3.9% of the 156 patients treated for MM at our institution over a 9‐yr period (1999–2007). Five (83.3%) of the six cases showed immature/high‐grade histology in the extramedullary relapses as compared with their antecedent MM. The neural cell adhesion molecule, CD56, was immunohistochemically demonstrable in 75% (three of four) of the original myelomas tested, but was absent in 83.3% (five of six) of their extramedullary relapses. The disease typically behaved aggressively and was rapidly fatal in all six patients even when therapy was administered. The median time of progression to extramedullary relapse was 29 months (range 9–64 months), and the median survival after diagnosis of the relapses was only 38 d (range 1–106 d). Our case series shows that extramedullary relapse of MM is characterized by high‐grade histology, loss of CD56 expression, frequent resistance to current therapeutic regimens, aggressive biological behavior, and very short survival.
T2 mapping provides multiple approaches for the characterization of muscle involvement in neuromuscular diseases: a cross‐sectional study of lower leg muscles in 5–15‐year‐old boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Skeletal muscles of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) show enhanced susceptibility to damage and progressive lipid infiltration, which contribute to an increase in the MR proton transverse relaxation time (T2). Therefore, the examination of T2 changes in individual muscles may be useful for the monitoring of disease progression in DMD. In this study, we used the mean T2, percentage of elevated pixels and T2 heterogeneity to assess changes in the composition of dystrophic muscles. In addition, we used fat saturation to distinguish T2 changes caused by edema and inflammation from fat infiltration in muscles. Thirty subjects with DMD and 15 age‐matched controls underwent T2‐weighted imaging of their lower leg using a 3‐T MR system. T2 maps were developed and four lower leg muscles were manually traced (soleus, medial gastrocnemius, peroneal and tibialis anterior). The mean T2 of the traced regions of interest, width of the T2 histograms and percentage of elevated pixels were calculated. We found that, even in young children with DMD, lower leg muscles showed elevated mean T2, were more heterogeneous and had a greater percentage of elevated pixels than in controls. T2 measures decreased with fat saturation, but were still higher (P < 0.05) in dystrophic muscles than in controls. Further, T2 measures showed positive correlations with timed functional tests (r = 0.23–0.79). The elevated T2 measures with and without fat saturation at all ages of DMD examined (5–15 years) compared with unaffected controls indicate that the dystrophic muscles have increased regions of damage, edema and fat infiltration. This study shows that T2 mapping provides multiple approaches that can be used effectively to characterize muscle tissue in children with DMD, even in the early stages of the disease. Therefore, T2 mapping may prove to be clinically useful in the monitoring of muscle changes caused by the disease process or by therapeutic interventions in DMD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Canopy: An End-to-End Performance Tracing And Analysis System

This paper presents Canopy, Facebook's end-to-end performance tracing infrastructure. Canopy records causally related performance data across the end-to-end execution path of requests, including from browsers, mobile applications, and backend services. Canopy processes traces in near real-time, derives user-specified features, and outputs to performance datasets that aggregate across billions of requests. Using Canopy, Facebook engineers can query and analyze performance data in real-time. Canopy addresses three challenges we have encountered in scaling performance analysis: supporting the range of execution and performance models used by different components of the Facebook stack; supporting interactive ad-hoc analysis of performance data; and enabling deep customization by users, from sampling traces to extracting and visualizing features. Canopy currently records and processes over 1 billion traces per day. We discuss how Canopy has evolved to apply to a wide range of scenarios, and present case studies of its use in solving various performance challenges.