Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of processing methods and commercial storage conditions on the extra virgin olive oil quality indexes

The effect of machinery groups, packing materials and light intensities was ascertained on indices of oxidative deterioration, peroxide value, and extinction coefficient K 232 and K 270 of extra virgin olive oil for one season of olive harvesting in an effort to simulate commercial storage conditions. It was revealed that during the storage of olive oil the peroxide value was significantly affected by the type of extraction machinery, packing material and light intensity. It is significant that oil exposed to diffused daylight and artificial light attained maximum PV in the second or third month of storage and de creased thereafter, while samples stored in the dark attained their maximum PV during the sixth month of storage. Oil samples extracted using the centrifugal type of machines and kept in glass containers in the dark had higher peroxide values than those extracted by the classic method. The rate of changes of the PV and the two indices K 232 and K 270 was also affected similarly by the type of machinery, packing material and light intensity.
Learning to read in English: Comparing monolingual English and bilingual Zulu- English Grade 3 learners

The acquisition of reading skills of 100 monolingual English and 100 bilingual Zulu-English third-grade learners was investigated by measuring their phonological- and reading skills. Little research exists on how the presence of a spoken-only Zulu (L1) could influence the English (L2) reading acquisition process. PA tasks were correlated with reading measures in English as an L1 and L2, but significant differences were found on all of the measures; implying overall support for use of PA measures for reading achievement in L1 English monolinguals and in the English (L2) of bilingual children, but with the understanding that L1 Zulu spoken proficiency and L2 English-only instruction influences the underlying repertoire of PA skills used for L2 English reading acquisition, different from that of the L1 English reading acquisition process. The implications of these findings for L2 reading development and using phonological measures across cultural-linguistic groups, for educational purposes, are discussed
National legislations and gender equality in Chinese flower industry: A case study of twenty flower business companies

The study investigated the extent gender equality had been mainstreamed in the flower industry based on the provisions of the1982 China constitution and the 1995 Labor act. A gender pyramid which provided a framework for mapping and assessing gender inequalities was developed. The data showed male participation at administrative structure was 53% greater than female and significantly different (P<0.05). The survey found that male workers’ mean daily wage was higher than female workers by RMB 6.26 though not significantly different (P<0.05). However, the mean wage of a male or a female permanent worker was significantly different by RMB 17.35 or RMB 14.60 than a male or a female casual worker respectively. The paper concluded that gender issues have not been practically mainstreamed in the industry and provided the basis for gender mainstreaming. Key words: China constitution, Labor act, male, female, gender mainstreaming.
Exploring Information Capability and its Role in Innovation

This study focuses on how innovation capability can be developed within a company and how information capability is integrated into the innovation process. Innovation, helped by elements that generate and share knowledge, is generated through different practices. Thus, the present study develops an analysis of the role of information capability in innovation through the assessment of the direct experiences of managers from innovative companies located in Spain through grounded theory methodology. Our findings suggest that strategy promotes the appropriate culture and values that are aligned with innovation in the company. Strategy also establishes and acquires the resources, both internal and external, that an organization needs in order to achieve competiveness through innovation. Moreover, the organizational culture and resources support the information capability, and this information capability in turn supports the knowledge management which supports and develops innovation. The contribution of this research is the proposal of a framework that explains the elements that underlie innovation management in companies. The paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how to use information capability and knowledge management as potential sources of innovation.
Modelling and evaluation of aircraft contrails for 4-Dimensional Trajectory Optimisation

Contrails and aircraft-induced cirrus clouds are reputed being the largest components of aviation-induced global warming, even greater than carbon dioxide (CO2) exhaust emissions by aircraft. This article presents a contrail model algorithm specifically developed to be integrated within a multi-objective flight trajectory optimization software framework. The purpose of the algorithm is to supply to the optimizer a measure of the estimated radiative forcing from the contrails generated by the aircraft while flying a specific trajectory. In order to determine the precise measure, a comprehensive model is employed exploiting the Schmidt-Appleman criterion and ice-supersaturation regions. Additional parameters such as the solar zenith angle, contrail lifetime and spread are also considered. The optimization of flight trajectories encompassing such contrail model allows for selective avoidance of the positive radiative forcing conditions, such as only avoiding persistent contrails, or contrails which lead to negative radiative forcing. The model assesses the radiative forcing associated with 4-Dimensional (4D) trajectories in a 4D weather field, encompassing both the local time-of-day and the contrail lifetime. Some preliminary algorithm validation activities are presented, including a simulation case study involving a medium-range domestic flight of a turbofan aircraft from Melbourne to Brisbane.
Role of excited N2 in the production of nitric oxide

[1] Excited N2 plays a role in a number of atmospheric processes, including auroral and dayglow emissions, chemical reactions, recombination of free electrons, and the production of nitric oxide. Electron impact excitation of N2 is followed by radiative decay through a series of excited states, contributing to auroral and dayglow emissions. These processes are intertwined with various chemical reactions and collisional quenching involving the excited and ground state vibrational levels. Statistical equilibrium and time step atmospheric models are used to predict N2 excited state densities and emissions (as a test against previous models and measurements) and to investigate the role of excited nitrogen in the production of nitric oxide. These calculations predict that inclusion of the reaction N2[A3Σu+] + O, to generate NO, produces an increase by a factor of up to three in the calculated NO density at some altitudes.
Stress‐driven relaxation of heterogeneous upper mantle and time‐dependent afterslip following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake

Understanding of postseismic deformation following great subduction zone earthquakes is complicated by the combined effects of viscoelastic relaxation of earthquake‐induced stresses in the upper mantle and time‐dependent afterslip on the megathrust. We integrate geodetic observations and constraints on afterslip from small repeating earthquakes on the megathrust to better distinguish contributions from these two postseismic processes. We have developed a three‐dimensional, spherical viscoelastic finite element model to study the postseismic deformation of the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake that has been recorded at unprecedented high resolution in space and time. We model stress‐driven afterslip in a 2 km thick weak shear zone away from historic rupture zones on the megathrust. We model both the viscoelastic relaxation of the upper mantle and shear zone deformation with a transient Burgers body rheology. The transient Kelvin viscosity is assumed to be one order of magnitude lower than that of the Maxwell viscosity. Viscoelastic relaxation of the mantle wedge alone causes postseismic uplift and seaward motion in the upper plate, opposite to the pattern from relaxation of just the oceanic upper mantle. Afterslip on the fault produces uplift updip of the afterslip zone and subsidence over its downdip edge and mostly seaward motion above the afterslip zone. The best fit Maxwell viscosity of the shear zone at depths ≤50 km is 1017 Pa s, constrained by afterslip estimates from repeating earthquakes. The optimal viscosities of the deep weak shear zone, continental mantle wedge, and oceanic upper mantle are determined to be 5 × 1017 Pa s, 3 × 1019 Pa s, and 5 × 1019 Pa s, respectively. The stress‐driven afterslip in the shear zone is up to ~3.5 m in the first 2 years after the earthquake, equivalent to an Mw8.4. Our model reproduces the first‐order pattern of the GPS observations both in horizontal and in vertical directions. Seafloor geodetic observations of subsidence and landward motions near the high‐slip zone of the earthquake provide evidence for a low‐viscosity asthenosphere below the oceanic lithosphere.
The Relevance of Fair Value Across Countries: Firms Listed in Lisbon and Madrid Stock Exchange

Following the theories of gray and positive accounting this study examines the options in the measurement of assets and the usefulness of fair value. Using a sample of 104 Portuguese and Spanish companies with listed securities, the research analyzes factors associated with the fair value option and whether the listing incorporates this information. The results reveal a conservative behavior, where only 19% of companies use the fair value, specially the Portuguese (35%), confirming that the country of origin has a significant influence on this choice. The fair value option is more expressive on investment properties, and less expressive in intangibles. The sectors denote significantly different behaviors, and companies with higher quotes are more cautious using the fair value. The market reacts differently about the nature of this information. It is favorable to its sectorial utilization, reacting negatively to a more widespread use (Portugal), which supports the argument that the relevance of fair value estimates are dependent on the confidence placed by investors. This study contributes to stress the culture and market price of companies as explanatory variables for the use of fair value. Our findings suggest a more conservative culture in Spanish than in Portuguese companies.
Semra, Y. K., Seidi, O. A. & Sharief, M. K. Overexpression of the apoptosis inhibitor FLIP in T cells correlates with disease activity in multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 113,..

The cellular caspase-inhibitory protein FLIP has been recently identified as a potent regulator of T lymphocyte susceptibility to Fas-mediated programmed cell death (apoptosis). Since impairment of apoptosis may be involved in multiple sclerosis (MS), we investigated the dynamics of cellular FLIP in unstimulated and activated T lymphocytes from MS patients, inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological disorders, and healthy subjects. Cellular expression of the long and short forms of FLIP protein was similar in unstimulated T cells from MS patients and controls, but was significantly higher in activated T cells from patients with clinically active MS. This high FLIP expression in active MS correlated with cellular resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis. In contrast, cellular expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 did not differ between active and stable disease, and was relatively similar between the MS group and controls. These findings suggest that cellular overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein FLIP is a feature of clinically active multiple sclerosis.  2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Nonstandard Asymptotics for Quantile Regression

The regression quantile estimators proposed by Koenker and Bassett (1978) for the general linear model have asymptotic variances that depend on the density of the error term evaluated at the quantile of interest. In most cases the density is unknown and is estimated by a consistent nonparametric estimator that justifies the use of a first-order normal or chi-squared approximation for hypothesis testing. The use of first-order approximations for testing often leads to large discrepancies between the actual and nominal rejection probabilities of correct null hypotheses in finite samples and provides little guidance to the researcher on how to implement the nonparametric estimator of the error density. This paper proposes an alternative large-sample approximation for symmetric t-tests in the context of linear quantile regressions. The alternative distributional approximation explicitly considers the variability brought about by nonparametric estimation of the asymptotic variance. In particular, it depends explicitly on the smoothing rule used to implement the nonparametric estimator of the asymptotic variance parameter. The paper focuses on the location-scale shift specialization of the general linear quantile regression model with possibly heteroskedastic errors. The asymptotic variance of the regression quantile in this case is assumed to be estimated using the difference quotient approach suggested by Hendricks and Koenker (1992). Monte Carlo experiments presented in this paper indicate that the new distributional approximation implies a range of bandwidths used to implement the Hendricks-Koenker estimator that lead to tests with good size properties and high power, particularly when the regression error terms exhibit mild or nonexistent amounts of heteroskedasticity. In contrast, numerical evidence suggests that conventional bandwidth selection rules combined with the usual first-order distributional approximations imply tests with good size properties but low power. JEL Classification: C12, C13, C14, C21, C29.
CHIANTI - an atomic database for emission lines. IX. Ionization rates, recombination rates, ionization equilibria for the elements hydrogen through zinc and updated atomic data

Aims. The goal of the CHIANTI atomic database is to provide a set of atomic data for the interpretation of astrophysical spectra emitted by collisionally dominated, high temperature, optically thin sources. Methods. A complete set of ground level ionization and recombination rate coefficients has been assembled for all atoms and ions of the elements of H through Zn and inserted into the latest version of the CHIANTI database, CHIANTI 6. Ionization rate coefficients are taken from the recent work of Dere (2007, A&A, 466, 771) and recombination rates from a variety of sources in the literature. These new rate coefficients have allowed the calculation of a new set of ionization equilibria and radiative loss rate coefficients. For some ions, such as Fe viii and Fe ix, there are significant differences from previous calculations. In addition, existing atomic parameters have been revised and new atomic parameters inserted into the database. Results. For each ion in the CHIANTI database, elemental abundances, ionization potentials, atomic energy levels, radiative rates, electron and proton collisional rate coefficients, ionization and recombination rate coefficients, and collisional ionization equilibrium populations are provided. In addition, parameters for the calculation of the continuum due to bremsstrahlung, radiative recombination and two-photon decay are provided. A suite of programs written in the Interactive Data Language (IDL) are available to calculate line and continuum emissivities and other properties. All data and programs are freely available at http://wwwsolar.nrl. navy.mil/ chianti
Volume Home Building: The Provision of Sustainability Information for New Homebuyers

The new residential housing sector is producing approximately 200,000 homes a year that could benefit from methods to increase sustainability and energy efficiency. Currently, there is limited implementation of sustainability measures beyond mandatory minimum requirements in Australia. New homebuyers are often the scapegoats for the poor sustainability adoption due to their perceived lack of interest and willingness to pay. However, their knowledge and engagement in sustainability is likely to be strongly guided by information provided by the volume builders. This paper investigates the sustainability information that homebuyers are provided by builders, as communicated through their websites. Web searching as an important means of information gathering in the preliminary stages of the process for new homebuyers. This paper reports on the analysis of Australia’s Home Industry Association’s top 100 volume builders’ websites and their provision of sustainability information. The results suggest the lack of sustainability-related information provided by builders is contributing to disengagement by consumers in the sustainability features available in new homes.
Establishing Tallgrass Prairie on Grazed Permanent Pasture in the Upper Midwest

The goal of the study was to learn whether native prairie grasses and, eventually, a diverse mixture of native forbs could be incorporated in permanent pastures by means of rotational grazing by cattle. An experiment was established on a farm in northeastern Iowa on a pasture that had never been plowed but had been grazed since the 1880s. One treatment was protected from grazing to test for the presence of remnant vegetation. Andropogon gerardii, Sorghastrum nutans, Panicum virgatum, and Desmanthus illinoensis were introduced in plots first treated with glyphosate; seeds were either drilled (DR) or hand‐broadcast and incorporated by controlled cattle trampling (BT). Seedling establishment and aboveground biomass were followed over 3 years. There was no evidence for remnant native plants on uplands, but seven species of native forbs and four native graminoids flowered in exclosures erected within waterways. D. illinoensis initially established up to 12 seedlings/m2 but had disappeared from all but one plot by the third year. Variation in native grass establishment among replicate plots within treatments was very high, ranging initially from 0.2 to 9.9 plants/m2. In August of the second year, native grasses made up only 8% of the available forage in DR plots and 1% of BT plots. One year later, however, native grasses made up 56% of the available forage in DR plots and 37% of BT plots, and these differences were significant (p= 0.05). A pilot study seeded in late winter (frost seeding) suggested that seeds spread after cattle trampling produced five times more seedlings (2.5/m2) than seeds spread before cattle trampling (0.5/m2). Frost seeding had advantages because it did not require herbicide for sod suppression or tractor access to the site. New plantings could be safely grazed in early spring and late fall, before and after most native grass growth, to offset the negative economic impact of protecting new plantings from burning during the growing season. But this practice precluded subsequent prescribed burning. I propose a strategy for incorporating native wildflowers into the pasture over time with minimum cost.
Black Hole Growth Is Mainly Linked to Host-galaxy Stellar Mass Rather Than Star Formation Rate

We investigate the dependence of black hole accretion rate (BHAR) on host-galaxy star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass (M*) in the CANDELS/GOODS-South field in the redshift range of . Our sample consists of galaxies, allowing us to probe galaxies with and/or . We use sample-mean BHAR to approximate long-term average BHAR. Our sample-mean BHARs are derived from the Chandra Deep Field-South 7 Ms observations, while the SFRs and M* have been estimated by the CANDELS team through spectral energy distribution fitting. The average BHAR is correlated positively with both SFR and M*, and the BHAR–SFR and BHAR–M* relations can both be described acceptably by linear models with a slope of unity. However, BHAR appears to be correlated more strongly with M* than SFR. This result indicates that M* is the primary host-galaxy property related to supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth, and the apparent BHAR–SFR relation is largely a secondary effect due to the star-forming main sequence. Among our sources, massive galaxies ( ) have significantly higher BHAR/SFR ratios than less massive galaxies, indicating that the former have higher SMBH fueling efficiency and/or higher SMBH occupation fraction than the latter. Our results can naturally explain the observed proportionality between and M* for local giant ellipticals and suggest that their is higher than that of local star-forming galaxies. Among local star-forming galaxies, massive systems might have higher compared to dwarfs.
Gay intolerance in the language of Stellenbosch students : a critical discourse analysis of Campus News Media

This thesis has been written in partial fulfillment of the requirements of a masters programme in intercultural communication. The study focuses on aspects of linguistic communication, specifically in media discourse, where “cultural boundaries” are determined by sexual difference and where much misunderstanding appears to be founded in different conceptions of homosexuality. I have investigated the theoretical frameworks within which discursive reflection on homosexuality can be studied from an interdisciplinary perspective. The research examines reports in a student newspaper that topicalise homosexuality; it also considers reports that are part of a discourse in which communication takes place between a heterosexual majority and a homosexual minority. Reports that were published across a period of five years were examined, in order to determine whether there has been any development in the discourse. This investigation of a particular kind of intercultural media discourse has been augmented by investigating attitudes towards the minority group by means of a questionnaire, designed by Kite and Deaux (1986: 137). This questionnaire was distributed among 240 students in an attempt to determine whether their reported attitudes coincide with those reported in the media. Despite the fact that homosexuality was removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) more than 30 years ago, reports of homophobic violence and attitudes in news media reveal that a significant percentage of the population still views homosexuality as an illness, a psychological disorder or as sin. The aim of this thesis was to examine the possible (re)enforcement of such homophobic ideologies in news media, as well as the possible (re)enforcement of increasingly tolerant ideologies, by making use of frameworks developed within Critical Discourse Analysis, by van Dijk (1998) and Gelber (2002). While the results of the media analysis indicate a growing acceptance of homosexuality, the survey results reveal that the majority of the heterosexual students surveyed still maintain homophobic attitudes. Furthermore, discrepancies in the survey results reveal the complex nature of such attitudes.