Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific phenotypic plasticity in response to the trade-off between developmental time and body size supports the dimorphic niche hypothesis

Female-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is widespread in many invertebrate taxa. One hypothesis for the evolution of SSD is the dimorphic niche hypothesis, which states that SSD evolved in response to the different sexual reproductive roles. While females benefit from a larger body size by producing more or larger eggs, males benefit from a faster development, which allows them to fertilize virgin females (protandry). To test this hypothesis, we studied the influence of temperature and intraspecific density on the development of Chorthippus montanus. We reared them in monosexual groups under different conditions and measured adult body size, wing length, nymphal mortality, and development time. The present study revealed an inverse temperature–size relationship: body size increased with increasing temperature in both sexes. Furthermore, we found intersexual differences in the phenotypic response to population density, supporting the dimorphic niches hypothesis. At a lower temperature, female development time increased and male body size decreased with increasing density. Because there was no food limitation, we conclude that interference competition hampered development. By contrast to expectations, mortality decreased with increasing density, suggesting that interference did not negatively affect survival. The present study shows that sex-specific niche optima may be a major trigger of sexual dimorphisms. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 115, 48–57.
Comparing the Eٍffect of Two Different Methods of Education on Breast Self- Examination: Text Messaging and Lecturing

Aim: Using short text messages (SMS) is the easiest and cheapest method of health education programs in order to increase women’s’ knowledge and early detection of diseases. This study was conducted in 2013 in order to compare the educational effect of breast self examination (BSE) by two different methods of SMS and lecturing in female students who work and study in nonmedical fields. Method: In a quasi-experimental study, 108 twentytwo to thirty year old female students of nonmedical fields were chosen by random cluster sampling and then divided into 2 groups. One group was educated by lecturing and the other by SMS. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic, knowledge, attitude and performance sections (KAP) and a check list for direct observation. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software, using parametric statistical tests (paired T-test) with the significant level of p<0.05. Findings: After education in both groups, a significant difference was observed in the average scores of KAP (p= 0.001). Educating by both lecturing and SMS promoted the level of KAP about BSE (p=0.001). KAP score of doing BS in text message group was higher than the lecture group (p=0.001). SMS was chosen as the best way of BSE education. Conclusion: Compared KAP scores about the quality of doing BSE in the SMS group were higher than the lecture group; therefore, it is suggested that this educating method can be used in the health education programs especially in controlling breast cancer and maintaining the level of health among women in the society.
Overwintering ability of young-of-the-year bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix : effect of ration and cohort of origin on survival

Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix have experienced declines in recruitment and adult abun- dance along the US East Coast since the mid-1980s. At the onset of winter, young-of-the-year (YOY) bluefish exhibit a multimodal size distribution including larger, spring-spawned fish (spring cohort) and smaller, summer-spawned fish (summer cohort). Declines in the adult stock appear to coincide with declines in recruitment success of the summer cohort. We investigated the hypothesis that poor recruitment success of the summer cohort results from size-selective winter mortality. Winter meso- cosm experiments were conducted to examine the effects of cohort of origin (spring vs. summer) and food availability (fed vs. unfed) on winter survival of YOY bluefish. Spring fish entered winter with sig- nificantly greater lipid reserves than summer fish. When fed, both cohorts stored lipids during late fall, depleted lipid reserves during winter, and experienced high overwinter survival. When starved, both cohorts mobilized lipids from multiple depots (liver, viscera, white muscle, red muscle, skin) and sum- mer fish experienced starvation mortality ~6 wk prior to spring fish. Although summer fish were more susceptible to winter starvation than spring fish, their starvation endurance (>90% survival probabil- ity after 120 d) appeared more than adequate to survive natural winter conditions. Interestingly, spring fish suffered a brief mortality event during January when water temperatures dropped briefly below 6°C, suggesting that larger individuals are less tolerant of acute cold stress. The remarkable starvation endurance of summer-spawned bluefish, coupled with their capacity for rapid lipid storage during fall and reduced rates of lipid depletion at low temperatures, implies that members of this cohort are physiologically well-equipped to survive their first winter of life. Our findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis that winter starvation accounts for decreased recruitment of the summer cohort to the western Atlantic stock.
Model simulations of the chemical and aerosol microphysical evolution of the Sarychev Peak 2009 eruption cloud compared to in situ and satellite observations

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions impact climate through the injection of sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ), which is oxidized to form sulfuric acid aerosol particles that can enhance the stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD). Besides large-magnitude eruptions, moderate-magnitude eruptions such as Kasatochi in 2008 and Sarychev Peak in 2009 can have a significant impact on stratospheric aerosol and hence climate. However, uncertainties remain in quantifying the atmospheric and climatic impacts of the 2009 Sarychev Peak eruption due to limitations in previous model representations of volcanic aerosol microphysics and particle size, whilst biases have been identified in satellite estimates of post-eruption SAOD. In addition, the 2009 Sarychev Peak eruption co-injected hydrogen chloride ( HCl ) alongside SO2 , whose potential stratospheric chemistry impacts have not been investigated to date. We present a study of the stratospheric SO2 –particle– HCl processing and impacts following Sarychev Peak eruption, using the Community Earth System Model version 1.0 (CESM1) Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) – Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) sectional aerosol microphysics model (with no a priori assumption on particle size). The Sarychev Peak 2009 eruption injected 0.9 Tg of SO2 into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), enhancing the aerosol load in the Northern Hemisphere. The post-eruption evolution of the volcanic SO2 in space and time are well reproduced by the model when compared to Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite data. Co-injection of 27 Gg HCl causes a lengthening of the SO2 lifetime and a slight delay in the formation of aerosols, and acts to enhance the destruction of stratospheric ozone and mono-nitrogen oxides ( NOx ) compared to the simulation with volcanic SO2 only. We therefore highlight the need to account for volcanic halogen chemistry when simulating the impact of eruptions such as Sarychev on stratospheric chemistry. The model-simulated evolution of effective radius ( reff ) reflects new particle formation followed by particle growth that enhances reff to reach up to 0.2 µm on zonal average. Comparisons of the model-simulated particle number and size distributions to balloon-borne in situ stratospheric observations over Kiruna, Sweden, in August and September 2009, and over Laramie, USA, in June and November 2009 show good agreement and quantitatively confirm the post-eruption particle enhancement. We show that the model-simulated SAOD is consistent with that derived from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) when both the saturation bias of OSIRIS and the fact that extinction profiles may terminate well above the tropopause are taken into account. Previous modelling studies (involving assumptions on particle size) that reported agreement with (biased) post-eruption estimates of SAOD derived from OSIRIS likely underestimated the climate impact of the 2009 Sarychev Peak eruption.
Dynamic Scoring in Open Economies

This paper fills a gap in the literature by focusing on the degree of self-financing of tax cuts in a New Keynesian two-country model. We find that the degree of self-financing of income tax cuts is negative on impact, but it quickly becomes positive. The open-economy dimension does not matter much for the long-run degree of self-financing. This is because the main channel through which the open-economy dimension affects the results - an expenditure-switching effect stemming from exchange-rate appreciation - is not active in the new steady state, in which the economy reaches a new flexible-price equilibrium.
Getting Better Intestinal Health through the Addition of Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) Combined with Threonine in Broilers Diets

The aim was to evaluate the association of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) with Threonine (T) in broiler diets, on performance, carcass quality and gut histomorphometric variables. One hundred Ross male broilers (1 to 43 days old) were distributed into four treatments. D1 : commercial type, plus 5 g Sc/Kg food, D2 : D1 plus 15% T, D3 : D1 plus 30% T, D4 : D1 plus 45% T. Performance productive were measured as Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG) (g/broiler/day), Average Daily Consumption Feed (ADCF) (g/broiler/day) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Carcass quality was determined as Breast Weight (BW) (g), Thigh Weight (TW) (g) and Abdominal Fat Weight (AFW) (g). In gut were measured: Villus Height (VH) (µ), Crypt Depth (CD) (µ) and VH/CD Ratio. Results: BW and TW increased and AFW decreased in D3 and D4 groups ( p ? 0.05) . In gut, all groups received T decreased VH/CD Ratio ( p ? 0.05) and i ncreased goblet cells number producing higher mucus. Conclusion: Sc associate with T increased carcass quality of broiler through a healthy gut, that could be generated by more mature epithelia that enhancing absorptive function through the efficient use of nutrient and increasing protective function through mucosal hypersecretion by increased goblet cell number.
High Temperature Transport Properties of Yb and In Double-Filled p-Type Skutterudites

Yb and In double-filled and Fe substituted polycrystalline p-type skutterudite antimonides were synthesized by direct reaction of high-purity elements, followed by solid-state annealing and densification by hot pressing. The stoichiometry and filling fraction were determined by both Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction data and energy dispersive spectroscopic analyses. The transport properties were measured between 300 K and 830 K, and basically indicate that the resistivity and Seebeck coefficient both increase with increasing temperature. In both specimens, the thermal conductivity decreased with increasing temperature up to approximately 700 K, where the onset of bipolar conduction was observed. A maximum ZT value of 0.6 at 760 K was obtained for the Yb0.39In0. 018Co2.4Fe1. 6Sb12 specimen.
Cygnus A super-resolved via convex optimization from VLA data

We leverage the Sparsity Averaging Reweighted Analysis (SARA) approach for interferometric imaging, that is based on convex optimisation, for the super-resolution of Cyg A from observations at the frequencies 8.422GHz and 6.678GHz with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). The associated average sparsity and positivity priors enable image reconstruction beyond instrumental resolution. An adaptive Preconditioned Primal-Dual algorithmic structure is developed for imaging in the presence of unknown noise levels and calibration errors. We demonstrate the superior performance of the algorithm with respect to the conventional CLEAN-based methods, reflected in super-resolved images with high fidelity. The high resolution features of the recovered images are validated by referring to maps of Cyg A at higher frequencies, more precisely 17.324GHz and 14.252GHz. We also confirm the recent discovery of a radio transient in Cyg A, revealed in the recovered images of the investigated data sets. Our matlab code is available online on GitHub.
Recent Progress in Mesospheric Gravity Wave studies UsingNightglow Imaging Systems

A variety of optical remote sensing techniques have now revealed a rich spectrum of wave activity in the upper atmosphere. Many of these perturbations, with periodicities ranging from � 5 min to many hours and horizontal scales of a few tens of km to several thousands km, are due to freely propagating atmospheric gravity waves and forced tidal oscillations. Passive optical observations of the spatial and temporal characteristics of these waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region (� 80-100 km) are facilitated by several naturally occurring, vertically distinct nightglow layers. This paper describes the use of state-of-the-art ground- based CCD imaging techniques to detect these waves in intensity and temperature. All-sky (180 ◦ ) image measurements are used to illustrate the characteristics of small-scale, short period (<1 hour) waves and to investigate their seasonal propagation and momentum impact on the MLT region. These results are then contrasted with measurements of mesospheric temperature made using a new temperature mapping imaging system capable of determining induced temperature amplitudes of a large range of wave motions and investigating night-to-night and seasonal variability in mesospheric temperature.
The Differential Effects of Classified Boards on Firm Value

Classified boards actually benefit firms that have low monitoring costs and greater needs for advisory services. Previous literature has emphasized the entrenchment effect of classified boards. However, we find that this adverse impact of classified boards can be offset or even superseded by the potential benefits of board classification for firms who hope to benefit from the advisory services of their independent directors. We show that firms with greater advising needs appoint more outside directors with diverse attributes and expertise, qualifications that enhance the ability to provide useful advice to managers. Furthermore, in such firms, board classification is associated with higher performance sensitivity of forced CEO turnover and better acquisition performance. Conversely, in firms with high monitoring costs, board classification hurts managerial equity-based incentives and risk-taking incentives. These findings suggest how and through which channels classified boards engender the differential effects on firm value.
Diet of three large pelagic fishes associated with drifting fish aggregating devices (DFADs) in the western equatorial Indian Ocean

Several species of fish, aggregate around DFADs in marine tropical waters. We captured three predatory species: yellow fin tuna (Thunnus albacares), wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) and dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) from aggregations under DFADs in the Western Indian Ocean to characterize their diet and determine whether they fed on other DFAD associated organisms. Yellowfin tuna did not feed on DFAD-associated prey, while wahoo and dolphinfish did exploit resources aggregated by the DFADs, though they predominantly fed on other non-associated organisms. Opportunistic feeding on surface swarming stomatopod crustaceans was observed in yellowfin tuna and dolphinfish associated with FADs, but was not observed in wahoo.
The role of myostatin in Coldblooded trotter harness racing performance

Myostatin (MSTN) ar en gen som begransar massan av skelettmuskler genom att reglera bade antalet och tillvaxten av muskelfibrer. Mutationer i den har genen resulterar i en dubbeltmusklad fenotyp noterad hos ett flertal boskapsraser, hundar och manniskor. Forutom att paverka det fysiska utseendet hos en individ, har mutationer i MSTN ocksa associerats med kapplopningsprestation hos bade hundar och hastar. Studier har visat att MSTN paverkar bade hastighet och distans hos fullblod, den mest anvanda rasen inom hastkapplopning. I Skandinavien ar travsport mer vanligt forekommande an kapplopning med fullblod och forutom varmblodstravare ar kallblodstravare en av de vanligast forekommande raserna inom travsporten. Den har studien undersokte om det fanns nagra associationer mellan tre genetiska markorer i MSTN och prestation hos kallblodiga travhastar. Kallblodiga travhastar som tavlat inom travsport (n=482) genotypades for tre sekvenspolymorfier tidigare associerade med prestation hos engelskt fullblod (g.65868604G>T, g.66493737C>T and g.66495826A>G). Genotyperna testades statistiskt for associationer med livstids tavlingsprestationsresultat for: antal och proportion av starter, vinster, placeringar (1-3), icke placeringar samt prissumma, prissumma per start och tider for volt- och autostart. Utover det, utvarderades genotyperna for associationer med prestationsresultat (prissumma, prissumma per start och tider for volt- och autostart) erhallen i olika aldrar: 3 ars alder (n=266), mellan 3 och 6 ars alder (n=469) och 6 ar eller aldre (n=361). Det var inga signifikanta associationer (p>0.05) for nagon av egenskaperna och de tre SNPs, forutom associeringen mellan prestation och MSTN hos 3- till 6 aringar. Vid 3-6 ars alder hade GG for SNP PR5826 hastar signifikant hogre prissumma an hastarna som var AG eller AA (P T (en stark indikator av prestation hos engelskt fullblod) med en frekvens pa 0.51 av C-allelen, jamfort med kallblodstravare som gar mot fixering av T-allelen. Prestation bedoms lika hos fullblod och kallblodstravare men tavlingstyperna skiljer sig i bade gangart och startmetod. Skillnaden i allelfrekvens kan tyda pa att C-allelen for den MSTN varianten har en storre paverkan pa galopp an pa trav. Den har studien lyfter fram hur vasentligt det ar att studera mojliga associationer, mellan gener och egenskaper, hos olika raser som anvands for samma syften.
Can You See How Happy We Are? Facebook Images and Relationship Satisfaction

Love is often thought to involve a merging of identities or a sense that a romantic partner is part of oneself. Couples who report feeling more satisfied with their relationships also feel more interconnected. We hypothesized that Facebook profile photos would provide a novel way to tap into romantic partners’ merged identities. In a cross-sectional study (Study 1), a longitudinal study (Study 2), and a 14-day daily experience study (Study 3), we found that individuals who posted dyadic profile pictures on Facebook reported feeling more satisfied with their relationships and closer to their partners than individuals who did not. We also found that on days when people felt more satisfied in their relationship, they were more likely to share relationship-relevant information on Facebook. This study expands our knowledge of how online behavioral traces give us powerful insight into the satisfaction and closeness of important social bonds.
TicTOCron: an Automatic Solution for Propagating Quality Metadata to Scholarly TOC RSS Feed Metadata

Institutions and researchers stand to benefit from the facilitation of more widespread syndication of, and easier access to, Table of Content (TOC) RSS (Really Simple Syndication [1]) feeds produced for scholarly journals. However, many journal TOC RSS feeds are at present being produced with erroneous, poor or incomplete metadata. This can hamper the usefulness of scholarly current awareness services, and also cause problems for individual subscribers to those feeds. This is exactly what the ticTOCron software toolkit aims to overcome. The ticTOCron toolkit automatically enhances poor, heterogeneous and incomplete metadata found in TOC RSS feeds by making use of a pre-defined "Best Practice" metadata scheme suitable for scholarly journals. In this work we depict the main issues and "bad practices" found in TOC RSS metadata obtained from more than 435 scholarly publishers. Then, we describe software solutions implemented via ticTOCron. Some references are made to the algorithms for generating semantic relations within, between and from the harvested TOCs and to the mechanisms for propagating "metadata associations" from a previously crawled metadata-rich reference set. However, an effort is made to avoid technical jargon and to replace complex technical descriptions with samples and simple comparisons. The original metadata is converted to a canonical format using the "Best Practices metadata set" for scholarly papers proposed by the ticTOCs Project [2]. We also present the results produced by ticTOCron when it was used for enhancing and normalizing TOC RSS feeds collected from more than 12,000 journals. Finally we propose a sustainable and scalable computational model whereby the automatic solution is complemented and fine-tuned by a cost-effective human cross-validation process.
Climate change knowledge and social movement theory

This article discusses climate change knowledge from the perspective of social movement theory, a relatively neglected topic in the literature on climate change knowledge. This article reviews relevant studies and theories of social movements with special attention to the role of knowledge‐making in social movements, before tracing the relations between social movements and climate change knowledge from the 1970s to the present. Climate change first emerged as an issue of public concern within the context of the environmental movements of the 1970s and 1980s, while skepticism was shaped, in significant ways, by the neo‐conservative and neo‐nationalist movements that grew to political significance in the 1980s and 1990s. The neo‐liberal movements of the 1990s and 2000s have helped shape the recent rise to public attention of climate change as an overarching political problem. Finally, this article discusses how concerns with ‘climate justice’ have emerged as part of a social movement for global justice, and concludes by contrasting the different social movements that have affected and influenced the making of climate change knowledge. WIREs Clim Change 2010 1 811–823 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.88
Soil seed banks of fringing salt lake vegetation in arid Western Australia – density, composition and implications for postmine restoration using topsoil

Summary Although studies of seed banks in arid ecosystems are commonplace, they are lacking for the large arid zone of Western Australia. Across the six major plant communities fringing a large salt lake within this zone, topsoil (0–5 cm depth) was collected from 12 to 36 sites per community. Samples were dried, spread out on a bed of vermiculite in seedling trays and placed in a well-watered glasshouse to determine the readily germinable component of the soil seed bank. Subsamples of topsoil were treated with smoke water, hot water or flooding to help determine seed bank of species with dormancy mechanisms. As with other studies of arid seed banks, large numbers of grasses and forbs emerged from the topsoil, with relatively small numbers of woody perennial species and hummock grasses (Triodia spp.) present, even in communities where such species were dominant. There were, however, a few exceptions where a reasonable density of dominant trees/shrub seed was present in topsoil. Soil treatment generally had limited effect on composition and density of emergent seedlings. Although floristic similarity between soil seed banks and corresponding above-ground vegetation was modest, there were clear differences in soil seed bank composition between communities. The implications of the results for using topsoils to restore landforms of the study area after mining or other disturbance are discussed.