Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of medical, educational, and mental health service use in a national sample of US children.

BACKGROUND Special services are provided to children by the medical, educational, and mental health service systems, but it is unknown whether the same group of children receives different types of services or whether discrete subgroups predominantly receive these services. OBJECTIVE To determine the proportions of children who receive special medical, educational, and mental health services, individually and in combination. DESIGN/METHODS Using data from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and its concurrent Disability Supplement (NHIS-D), we determined the proportions of children under age 18 (N = 30 032) who received each of 3 types of special services (medical, educational, mental health). We also examined the proportions of children who used combinations of these services. Finally, we determined whether the patterns of service use differed across age, sex, socioeconomic, or racial/ethnic groups. RESULTS Overall, 9.6% of children used some type of special services. Somewhat greater proportions of children used specialized health services (5.5%) or educational services (5%) than mental health services (1.5%). About one third of children receiving services in each of the special medical and educational sectors are users of another type of services as well, but among children receiving mental health services, the majority also are recipients of another type of services. Highest rates of overall service use and of use in all 3 sectors were found among subgroups of children who were elementary school-aged or adolescents, male, of white non-Hispanic race/ethnicity, and living below the federal poverty level. This pattern is consistent with the literature on service utilization within the 3 systems of care and with the greater prevalence of children with chronic conditions in these same subgroups. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the importance of communication in the planning of services for children across the medical, educational, and mental health sectors. Further research is needed to assess the actual degree of overlap among the various systems providing this care and the degree to which children and their families would benefit from more integrated systems.
A sex difference in the carrier state of Australia (hepatitis-associated) antigen.

A survey of 1,077 mentally retarded residents of Plymouth State Home and Training School for the distribution of Australia (hepatitis-associated) antigen and precipitins to this antigen revealed that karyotypically normal females show a much lower prevalence of the antigen than do the males, whereas among young G-trisomic patients the females as well as males show a high prevalence of the antigen. Early age of institutionalization increases the risk of becoming an Australia antigen carrier, but less so in karyotypically normal females than in other groups.
Post Dural Puncture Headache—Review and Suggested New Treatment

Objectives: After reading this article, readers should be able to recognize Post Dural Puncture Headache, understand its mechanism and diagnostic criteria, evaluate the different treatment options available, and be familiar with a novel treatment option. Background: Post-dural puncture headache is the most common serious complication resulting from lumbar puncture and epidural or spinal anesthetics. The syndrome is characterized by severe headache that occurs within 48 hours following the puncture, located in the frontal and/or occipital region, worsened in the upright position and refractory to routine analgesia. The syndrome incidence was reported to be approximately 1% with typical obstetric anesthesiology practice which reflects more than 20,000 cases per 2014 in the US. Two possible mechanisms are hypothesized as responsible for this syndrome; cerebrospinal fluid leakage and pneumocephalus. Multiple methods of treatment have been applied with wide-ranging results. Design or Methods: Review article with introduction of a novel treatment option. Results: We postulate that Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy can be used to treat post-dural puncture headache. The rationale for treatment is dual: enhancement of fibroblast proliferation at the site of dural puncture to facilitate faster closure of the tear and compression of air bubbles in case of pneumocephalus according to Boyle’s law. We also claim that hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be considered a prophylactic treatment, if a dural tear is suspected.
An Efficient Password Authentication Scheme Using Smart Card Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Recently, Li proposed a new password authentication and user anonymity scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography. In this paper, we will show that Li’s scheme is vulnerable to the impersonation attack and the denial of service attack. Moreover, we also point out that there is an error in his scheme. To overcome the weaknesses of Li’s scheme, we proposed an efficient password authentication scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography. The proposed scheme improves the security and efficiency of the authentication process. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.itc. 43.4. 6579
Investigating mechanical performance of PLA and CA biodegradable printed circuit boards

The paper presents a set of experiments investigating the mechanical performance of PCBs manufactured from biodegradable, sustainable polymers, compared to conventional materials. Cellulose Acetate (CA), Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Flame-Retardant Class 4 (FR-4) substrates were compared during the experiments. The methods involved dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), three-point bending tests and UL 94 flammability tests. Preliminary results show that the overall performance of the basic biodegradable, sustainable PCBs are considerably weaker compared to FR4 boards, however further improvements with additives and use in special applications can point to practical purposes of the substrates.
MONOCLONAL HYBRIDOMA ANTI‐ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES: ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY AND EFFECT OF PASSIVE TRANSFER *

Compelling evidence exists that antibodies to acetylcholine receptor ( AChR) are responsible for the symptoms and neuromuscular pathology in myasthenia gravis (MG) . l Surprisingly, serum antibody titer correlates poorly with disease s e ~ e r i t y . ~ ~ The basis for this seeming discrepancy may possibly lie in the several properties of serum anti-AChR antibodies which are known to vary from patient to patient. Differences in the AChR antigenic sites to which antibodies bind, as seen both by the percent of antibodies directed against the alpha bungarotoxin (aBT) binding site 2, and the degree to which they crossreact with AChR of different species 9 have been reported. The immunoglobulin classes and subclasses of the anti-AChR antibodies are also known to vary.lO Finally there are differences in biologic properties such as in their effect on AChR function,ll, l2 ability to induce modulation of AChR,13--’5 and ability to passively transfer myasthenia to mice.lC It has been proposed that variation in one or more of these properties might account for the poor correlations between anti-AChR antibody titer and disease severity, i.e., certain anti-AChR
A Post-Detection SNR-Aided Timing Recovery Loop for MIMO-OFDM Receivers

In this paper, a novel third-order phase lock loop (PLL) is proposed for the timing recovery in MIMO-OFDM systems. It differentiates from conventional timing recovery algorithms for OFDM systems in two aspects. Firstly a new timing-clock-offset (TO) estimator is proposed, which utilizes the post MIMO detection SNRs to weight and combine TO estimates in frequency and spatial domains. This TO estimator efficiently handles the MIMO fading and the colored noise caused by MIMO detection to improve the estimation accuracy. Secondly, a novel third-order PLL structure is developed and its stochastic difference equation (SDE) that represents the dynamic behavior of the tracking loop is derived and used to evaluate the loop performance. The proposed PLL has an good loop noise performance for fast acquisition and stable tracking. The analysis and simulation show that the proposed timing recovery scheme outperforms the conventional timing recovery schemes in MIMO fading channel.
Hybrid Model Reference Adaptive Control of Piecewise Affine Systems

This paper is concerned with the derivation of a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme for multimodal piecewise-affine (PWA) and piecewise-linear systems. The control allows the plant to track asymptotically the states of a multimodal piecewise affine (or smooth) reference model. The reference model can be characterized by a number and geometry of phase space regions that can be entirely different from those of the plant. Numerical simulations on a set of representative examples confirm the theoretical derivation and proof of stability.
Association analysis of the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B (PPP1R1B) gene with nicotine dependence in European‐ and African‐American smokers

The protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B gene (PPP1R1B; also known as dopamine and cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein; DARPP32) is a target for the actions of dopamine. Because the mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of many drugs, including nicotine, PPP1R1B is considered a plausible candidate for involvement in the development of vulnerability to nicotine dependence (ND). Further, this gene is located within a region on chromosome 17 that demonstrated “suggestive linkage” to ND in our previous genome‐wide scan. In the present study, we analyzed six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within PPP1R1B for association with three ND measures: smoking quantity (SQ), the heaviness of smoking index (HSI), and the Fagerström Test for ND (FTND) score. Our sample consisted of 602 nuclear families of African‐American (AA) or European‐American (EA) origin. No significant associations were found for single SNPs after correction for multiple testing. However, haplotype analysis indicated that in the EA sample, the C‐T‐G‐C haplotype formed by rs2271309‐rs907094‐rs3764352‐rs3817160 with a frequency of 32.0% was significantly associated with SQ (Z = 2.50; P = 0.01), even after Bonferroni correction. No significant associations with haplotypes were found in the AA sample. In summary, our findings provide the first evidence for the potential involvement of PPP1R1B in the etiology of ND and further investigation is thus warranted. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
La impulsividad determina el rol desempeñado por los jugadores de futsal

El futsal es un deporte conocido y practicado por millones de personas en todo el mundo. No obstante, existen escasas referencias cienticas acerca de la personalidad, y concretamente de los rasgos de impulsividad de estos deportistas, que puedan ayudar a los entrenadores a optimizar su rendimiento deportivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las variables relacionadas con la impulsividad en jugadores de elite de futsal, en funcion de su posicion de juego. Participaron voluntariamente en este estudio 111 futbolistas de elite (edad M = 25.44, DT = 4.62) de la Liga Nacional de Futbol Sala de la temporada 2014/2015. Se utilizo la adaptacion del cuestionario de impulsividad UPPS-P y se llevo a cabo un test de ANOVA atendiendo a la posicion de juego (porteros, cierres, alas y ala-cierres, pivots y ala-pivots y, universales). Los resultados muestran una menor puntuacion en los rasgos de impulsividad, concretamente en la variable de busqueda de sensaciones, en los jugadores con un perl o rol defensivo, y particularmente en los porteros con respecto a los universales (p < .05). Ademas, se observa un perl de mayor impulsividad general en los pivots, ala pivots y universales. Como conclusion, este estudio ha permitido comprobar indicios de ciertas dimensiones relacionadas con la impulsividad diferenciados entre los jugadores de futsal de elite en funcion del rol de juego desempenado. Aunque debemos ser cautos a la espera de una conrmacion en futuros estudios, estos hallazgos podrian senalar la conveniencia de considerar los rasgos de la personalidad como predictores del rendimiento en los programas de deteccion y desarrollo del talento en este deporte.
Impaired plasma nonesterified fatty acid tolerance is an early defect in the natural history of type 2 diabetes.

CONTEXT Abnormal plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) metabolism may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to demonstrate whether there is a defect in insulin-mediated suppression of plasma NEFA appearance (RaNEFA) and oxidation (OxNEFA) during enhanced intravascular triacylglycerol lipolysis early in the natural history of type 2 diabetes, and if so, to determine whether other mechanisms than reduced insulin-mediated suppression of intracellular lipolysis are involved. DESIGN These are cross-sectional studies. SETTING The studies were performed at an academic clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS Nine healthy subjects with both parents with type 2 diabetes (FH+) and nine healthy subjects with no first-degree relatives with type 2 diabetes (FH-) with similar anthropometric features were included in the studies. INTERVENTIONS Pancreatic clamps and iv infusion of stable isotopic tracers ([1,1,2,3,3-(2)H5]-glycerol and [U-(13)C]-palmitate or [1,2-(13)C]-acetate) were performed while intravascular triacylglycerol lipolysis was simultaneously clamped by iv infusion of heparin plus Intralipid at low (fasting) and high insulin levels. Oral nicotinic acid (NA) was used to inhibit intracellular lipolysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES RaNEFA and OxNEFA were determined. RESULTS During heparin plus Intralipid infusion at high plasma insulin levels, and despite similar intravascular lipolytic rates, FH+ had higher RaNEFA and OxNEFA than FH- (RaNEFA: 17.4+/-6.3 vs. 9.2+/-4.2; OxNEFA: 4.5+/-1.8 vs. 2.3+/-1.5 micromol/kg lean body mass/min), independent of NA intake, gender, age, and body composition. In the presence of NA, insulin-mediated suppression of RaNEFA was still observed in FH-, but not in FH+. CONCLUSIONS Increased RaNEFA and OxNEFA during intravascular lipolysis at high insulin levels occur early in the natural history of type 2 diabetes.
The Prevalence of Domestic Violence in Police Families

This study replicates and extends an earlier work conducted by the Southwestern Law Enforcement Institute. It addresses the serious problem of domestic violence by police officers in three areas: determining the extent of the problem, deriving solutions acceptable to police culture, and establishing a research agenda for future efforts. The study took place in seven agencies located in the Southeastern United States with full permission of each agency’s chief administrator.
Anchor Structure of Staphylococcal Surface Proteins

Surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus are covalently linked to the bacterial cell wall by a mechanism requiring a COOH-terminal sorting signal with a conserved LPXTG motif. Cleavage between the threonine and the glycine of the LPXTG motif liberates the carboxyl of threonine to form an amide bond with the pentaglycyl cross-bridge in the staphylococcal peptidoglycan. Here, we asked whether altered peptidoglycan cross-bridges interfere with the sorting reaction and investigated surface protein anchoring in staphylococcalfem mutants. S. aureus strains carrying mutations in the femA, femB, femAB, or the femAX genes synthesize altered cross-bridges, and each of these strains displayed decreased sorting activity. Characterization of cell wall anchor structures purified from thefem mutants revealed that surface proteins were linked to cross-bridges containing one, three, or five glycyl residues, but not to the ε-amino of lysyl in muropeptides without glycine. When tested in a femAB strain synthesizing cross-bridges with mono-, tri-, and pentaglycyl as well as tetraglycyl-monoseryl, surface proteins were found anchored mostly to the five-residue cross-bridges (pentaglycyl or tetraglycyl-monoseryl). Thus, although wild-type peptidoglycan appears to be the preferred substrate for the sorting reaction, altered cell wall cross-bridges can be linked to the COOH-terminal end of surface proteins.
Clinical evaluation of 2 -LSM medium for primary isolation and identification of staphylococci.

Staphylococci were isolated from clinical materials upon a new medium that incorporates 2% egg yolk into a 7.5% NaCl–1.0% mannitol–agar base. Production of opaque zones around colonial growth was positive evidence of lipovitellenin-lipase activity, and was found to correlate with coagulase production for 94.7% of the isolates tested. The reactions of staphylococci upon this medium were compared with other biochemical and morphologic characteristics to establish the usefulness of the medium to the clinician.
Admission hyperglycemia as a prognostic indicator in trauma.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of two levels of hyperglycemia as predictors for mortality and infectious morbidity in traumatically injured patients. METHODS All patients >or= 17 years old presenting to a Level I trauma center as a "trauma alert" or a "trauma code" from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2000, were reviewed. Hypoglycemic patients (glucose concentration < 70 mg/dL) were excluded (n = 4). Patients were considered hyperglycemic with an admission glucose concentration > 200 mg/dL (moderate hyperglycemia) or an admission glucose concentration in the upper quartile for the group (mild hyperglycemia [glucose concentration > 135 mg/dL]). RESULTS Seven hundred thirty-eight patients were included in the study. Hyperglycemia was associated with increased mortality among both patients with moderate hyperglycemia (34.1% vs. 3.7%, p < 0.01) and those with mild hyperglycemia (15.5% vs. 2%, p < 0.01) compared with corresponding normoglycemic groups. Hyperglycemia proved to be an independent predictor of mortality and of hospital and intensive care unit length of stay after multiple logistic regression while controlling for age, Injury Severity Score, Revised Trauma Score, and gender. Infectious complications, including pneumonia (9.4% vs. 2%, p = 0.001), urinary tract infections (6.6% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.001), wound infections (4.9% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.039), and bacteremia (5% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.004), were significantly increased in patients with elevated glucose concentrations. Hyperglycemia is an independent predictor of increased infectious morbidity controlling for age, gender, and Injury Severity Score in multiple logistic regression models. CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia independently predicts increased intensive care unit and hospital length of stay and mortality in the trauma population. It is associated with increased infectious morbidity. These associations hold true for mild hyperglycemia (glucose concentration > 135 mg/dL) and moderate hyperglycemia (glucose concentration > 200 mg/dL).
Bilateral papillary thyroid cancer and associated histopathologic findings.

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of bilateral papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) at total thyroidectomy (TT) and compare demographic risk factors (gender and age) and histopathologic findings (tumour size, extrathyroidal extension [ETE], T staging, and multifocality) between patients with PTC in both thyroid lobes and those with PTC limited to the ipsilateral lobe and/or isthmus. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING University teaching hospital. METHODS The pathology results of 1047 consecutive patients who underwent TT between 2002 and 2008 were reviewed. Statistical significance was obtained using the chi-square test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of bilateral PTC and its association with demographic risk factors and histopathologic findings. RESULTS Among 592 patients with PTC, 13.2% had bilateral PTC and 86.8% had unilateral and/or isthmian PTC. Bilaterality was present in 12.4% of women and 16.7% of men (p = .24) and in 12.9% of patients aged > or = 45 years and 13.5% < 45 years (p = .83). Bilateral PTC was found in 12.6% of patients with a primary tumour < or = 2 cm and 13.5% > 2 cm (p = .75); 23.6% of tumours with ETE demonstrated bilaterality compared to 9.7% without (p < .0001), and 8.7% of pT1 (p = .08), 9.2% of pT2 (p = .02), 23.0% of pT3 (p < .0001), and 12.5% of pT4 (p = .87) tumours were bilateral, respectively. Among bilateral PTC patients, 43.2% had multifoci in at least one lobe compared to 6.4% when nonbilateral (p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS After TT, 13.2% of patients had bilateral PTC. No significant correlation was established between bilaterality and gender, age, and tumour size. Bilaterality was more commonly found in patients with ETE, advanced T stage, and at least one multifocal lobe.
Diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction using the penile cuff test in men with lower urinary tract symptoms

The current standard diagnostic test to evaluate bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is pressure‐flow study (PFS). The penile cuff test (PCT) was introduced as a non‐invasive alternative to PFS to determine the isovolumetric bladder pressure and also flow rate. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and acceptability of the PCT, compared to those of PFS, in the assessment of BOO in men.
ACtuAL: Actor-Critic Under Adversarial Learning

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a powerful framework for deep generative modeling. Posed as a two-player minimax problem, GANs are typically trained end-to-end on real-valued data and can be used to train a generator of high-dimensional and realistic images. However, a major limitation of GANs is that training relies on passing gradients from the discriminator through the generator via back-propagation. This makes it fundamentally difficult to train GANs with discrete data, as generation in this case typically involves a non-differentiable function. These difficulties extend to the reinforcement learning setting when the action space is composed of discrete decisions. We address these issues by reframing the GAN framework so that the generator is no longer trained using gradients through the discriminator, but is instead trained using a learned critic in the actor-critic framework with a Temporal Difference (TD) objective. This is a natural fit for sequence modeling and we use it to achieve improvements on language modeling tasks over the standard Teacher-Forcing methods.
The Golgi matrix protein GM130: a specific interacting partner of the small GTPase rab1b

To detect specific partners of the small Golgi‐localized GTPase rab1b we generated rab1b mutants and used them as bait proteins in yeast two‐hybrid screens. We isolated several specifically interacting clones. Two of them encode large protein fragments highly homologous to rat GM130 and to human Golgin95. The full‐length human GM130 cDNA was cloned and its interaction with rab1b was characterized in detail by yeast two‐hybrid and in vitro binding assays. Here we report for the first time that the rab1b protein interacts specificially with GM130 in a GTP‐dependent manner and therefore needs the hypervariable regions of the N‐ and C‐termini. We mapped the rab1b binding site of GM130 and provide evidence that it is different to the previously described p115 and Grasp65 binding sites of the GM130 protein.