Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Digital Behaviour Change Interventions for More Sustainable Food Consumption

Food production and consumption present major sustainability challenges, and finding ways to reduce the environmental impact of food, for example through behavioural changes by consumers, is becoming increasingly important. In recent years, digital interventions have become important tools to change behaviours in many areas. In this review, we evaluate the status of current scientific knowledge of digital behaviour change interventions for sustainable food consumption practices. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist for how to conduct systematic reviews, we searched multiple databases for papers containing terms related to food, sustainability and digital behaviour change interventions. Only studies where the digital interventions were actually implemented and evaluated from a behaviour change perspective were included, resulting in 15 primary studies in the final review. The quality of the studies was evaluated from a behaviour change perspective, and the approaches used were categorised using two intervention frameworks, the Behaviour Change Wheel and the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1. The results show that all of the included studies had major quality issues when evaluated from a behaviour change perspective. This means that we could not find any evidence regarding whether the digital behaviour change interventions examined worked or not. Most studies further lacked theoretical grounding or a clear approach to how or why they should be effective for behaviour change for more sustainable food consumption practices. Our main recommendation for future research in the field is to expand from the current exploratory phase to conducting scientifically rigorous studies of higher quality, more thoroughly grounded in behaviour change theory and methods. Furthermore, based on our study, we suggest changes to the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1.
AIS Electronic

Over the last decade, a growing number of organizations have started to apply various data-driven computational techniques and algorithmic technologies to manage their workforce. The fundamental objective of these technologies, known as People Analytics, is to enable more effective, objective, and rational decision-making about people. High expectations surround such technologies, as they can drive competitive advantage and innovation through better utilization of human talent. However, the application of algorithms to manage people (rather than supply chains or business processes) entails multiple ethical and practical complexities. In this short paper, we seek to unpack the main assumptions that underlie the use of People Analytics to portray a nuanced and critical picture of its possible ramifications. Based on this critical examination, we outline a research agenda that identifies multiple avenues for future IS research into People Analytics.
A model of the cell nucleus for DNA damage calculations

Abstract Aims: Development of a computer model of genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the human cell nucleus for DNA damage and repair calculations. The model comprises the human genomic DNA, chromosomal domains, and loops attached to factories. Material and methods: A model of canonical B-DNA was used to build the nucleosomes and the 30-nanometer solenoidal chromatin. In turn the chromatin was used to form the loops of factories in chromosome domains. The entire human genome was placed in a spherical nucleus of 10 micrometers diameter. To test the new target model, tracks of protons and alpha-particles were generated using Monte Carlo track structure codes PITS99 (Positive Ion Track Structure) and KURBUC. Damage sites induced in the genome were located and classified according to type and complexity. Results: The three-dimensional structure of the genome starting with a canonical B-DNA model, nucleosomes, and chromatin loops in chromosomal domains are presented. The model was used to obtain frequencies of DNA damage induced by protons and alpha-particles by direct energy deposition, including single- and double-strand breaks, base damage, and clustered lesions. Conclusions: This three-dimensional model of the genome is the first such model using the full human genome for the next generation of more comprehensive modelling of DNA damage and repair. The model combines simple geometrical structures at the level of domains and factories with potentially full detail at the level of atoms in particular genes, allowing damage patterns in the latter to be simulated.
A Galvanically Isolated DC–DC Converter Based on Current-Reuse Hybrid-Coupled Oscillators

This brief presents a fully integrated dc-dc converter consisting of only two CMOS chips, which are a power oscillator with an integrated transformer and a full-bridge rectifier. A thick inter-metal oxide layer guarantees a galvanic isolation rating as high as 5 kV. A current-reuse hybrid-coupled oscillator is proposed, which is based on a three-winding tapped isolation transformer and improves both output power and silicon area occupation with respect to previous works. The converter is operated at 5-V power supply and is able to deliver up to 300-mW dc power at 10-V output voltage while exhibiting a power density and a power efficiency of 36 mW/mm2 and 24%, respectively.
Effects of electric field on histopathological study, electrical properties and enzymes function of liver of albino rats

The present work was undertaken in order to investigate the effects of electric field (EF) of strength 50Hz-3KV/m on the histopathology, dielectric properties and liver function tests in albino rats. Fifty male albino rats were equally divided into three groups namely A, B, and C. Animals of group A used as control group which didn't receive any treatment . Animals of group B was divided into two subgroups namely B1 and B2 which were discretely exposed to 50HZ, 3KV/m electric field for a period of 15 day (8 hours/day, 5day/week). Group B2 animals were left to survive and housed at normal environmental conditions similar to control group A for a period of 15 day post exposed. Animals of group C are divided into two subgroups namely C1 and C2 were discretely exposed to the electric field for a period of 30 day (8 hours/day, 5day/week). Group C2 animals were left to survive and housed at normal environmental conditions similar to control group A for a period of 15 day post exposed. At the end of this period, blood and tissues samples were collected from all groups for experimental investigations. The dielectric constant (έ), electrical conductivity (σ) was measured in frequency range 42Hz-5MHz to investigate any changes in liver structure through studding histopathological examination. Also, the liver function was studied through analysis of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvie transaminase (GPT) and total protein (TP) after exposure to electric field this biochemical parameters have been evaluated in the blood serum of rats. The obtained results show high significant changes in the value of έ and σ of liver tissues for all groups exposed to EF as compared with control group. The levels of GOT and GPT were increased up to four times their values during the period of exposure to EF. These variations were recovered during two week after stopping exposure but they did not return to its original control values before exposure. On microscopic level; liver histological observations in liver cells which revealed some alterations including hepatic tissue with two portal tracts showing mild florous expansion and a dilated central vein, also ghosts of hepatocytes denoting necrotic changes also shows hepatic tissue with dilated central veins engorged with blood and splitting out to adjacent hepatocytes.
The diet of Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758 in relation to prey availability near its altitudinal limit

The diet of Rana temporaria (Linnaeus, 1758) was studied in the Gran Paradiso National Park, at and above the local timberline, up to the upper limit of its altitudinal distribution. A total of 128 adult frogs (length range: 3.7-9.0 cm) were captured from 2010 to 2012. Stomach content from 46 individuals was obtained by stomach flushing, of which 66% of the stomachs were empty. The diet composition was compared with the composition of the ground-dwelling invertebrate community, sampled by pitfall trapping. The number of prey items in the stomachs was lower at higher altitude and during the breeding season, when most of the stomachs were empty. R. temporaria feeds on a large number of taxa (in order of abundance: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Opiliones, Araneae, Lepidoptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Orthoptera, Acarina and Chilopoda), including a single observation of cannibalism on a freshly metamorphosed frog. There is a strong similarity between prey composition and availability. Therefore, near its altitudinal limit, Rana temporaria shows a generalist and slightly selective predatory behavior.
Depth image matching for underwater vehicle navigation

This paper presents a map-based navigation for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) that aims to enhance the localisation without external aid. Bathymetric profiles given by a multibeam echosounder are matched to a reference depth map (RDM). The RDM is an existing chart or is constructed from an AUV survey at high altitude. The echosounder data obtained close to the bottom are integrated in a local depth map (LDM). The matching algorithm uses contour-like points extracted after image smoothing. Differential attributes allow us to identify possible rough matches that initialise the iterative position and orientation estimator. The paper presents new results of the study started in 1994. Major improvements concern image smoothing, estimator initialisation, and in-line evaluation of statistical parameters, making completely automated position estimation possible. First results on real bathymetric data are presented.
The doctor-patient relationship and malpractice. Lessons from plaintiff depositions.

BACKGROUND The current literature does not provide an answer to the question, "What prompts patients to sue doctors or hospitals? " Not all adverse outcomes result in suits, and threatened suits do not always involve adverse outcomes. The exploration of other factors has been hampered by the lack of a methodology to contact plaintiffs and elicit their views about their experience in delivered health care. This study employed the transcripts of discovery depositions of plaintiffs as a source of insight into the issues that prompted individuals to file a malpractice claim. METHODS This study is a descriptive series review of a convenience sample of 45 plaintiffs' depositions selected randomly from 67 depositions made available from settled malpractice suits filed between 1985 and 1987 against a large metropolitan medical center. Information extracted from each deposition included the alleged injury; the presence of the question, "Why are you suing? " and, if present, the answer; the presence of problematic relationship issues between providers and patients and/or families and, if present, the discourse supporting it; the presence of the question, "Did a health professional suggest maloccurrence? " and, if yes, who. Using a process of consensual validation, relationship issues were organized into groups of more generalized categories suggested by the data. Answers to the questions, "Why are you suing? " and "Who suggested maloccurrence? " are described. RESULTS Problematic relationship issues were identified in 71% of the depositions with an interrater reliability of 93.3%. Four themes emerged from the descriptive review of the 3787 pages of transcript: deserting the patient (32%), devaluing patient and/or family views (29%), delivering information poorly (26%), and failing to understand the patient and/or family perspective (13%). Thirty-one plaintiffs were asked if health professionals suggested maloccurrence. Fifty-four percent (n = 17) responded affirmatively. The postoutcome-consulting specialist was named in 71% (n = 12) of the depositions in which maloccurrence was allegedly suggested. CONCLUSIONS In our sample, the decision to litigate was often associated with a perceived lack of caring and/or collaboration in the delivery of health care. The issues identified included perceived unavailability, discounting patient and/or family concerns, poor delivery of information, and lack of understanding the patient and/or family perspective. Particular attention should be paid to the postadverse-event consultant-patient interaction.
Consideration for the treatment of mass casualties based on pathology of the fatalities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Sirs: We have reviewed the autopsy materials ‘Pathology of atomic bomb casualties’ (Leibow et al. 1949) and ‘Medical effects of the atomic bomb in Japan’ (Oughterson and Warren 1956). To some degree the cause of death to the casualties of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was similar to the cause of death from any massive explosion associated with blast injuries, heat (burns), and trauma from collapsing buildings, etc. As it has been well established, the effect of radiation, however, triggered a whole
MEMBRANE PROTEIN of Nicotiana benthamiana Contributes to Potyvirus Movement and Transports to Plasmodesmata via the Early Secretory Pathway and the Actomyosin System 1 [ OPEN ]

Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection (C.G., Q.-Q.C., X.-D.L., A.-L.M., R.G., J.-L.L., Y.-P.T.), and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Annually High Yield and High Efficiency Production of Wheat and Corn (C.G., X.-D.L.), Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China; and College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China (J.-L.L.)
The G 2-phase Decatenation Checkpoint Is Defective in Werner Syndrome Cells 1 , 2

It has been proposed that cells monitor chromatid catenation status after DNA replication and inhibit progression into mitosis until chromatids are correctly decatenated by topoisomerase II (TopoII). Studies in yeast have suggested that TopoII may interact with RecQ helicases during this process. Using ICRF187, a TopoII catalytic inhibitor that prevents chromatid decatenation without producing DNA strand breaks, we demonstrated that cells deficient of WRN, a human RecQ helicase, displayed a defect in decatenation checkpoint activation, which was corrected by ectopic expression of wild-type WRN. We also provide evidence that BRCA1 is phosphorylated in an ATR-dependent manner in response to decatenation checkpoint activation and that this phosphorylation is not detectable in Werner syndrome cells. Furthermore, ICRF187 treatment resulted in coimmunoprecipitation of WRN and TopoII. Finally, we demonstrated that override of the decatenation checkpoint resulted in enhanced chromosomal damage and apoptosis only in the absence of WRN, but not in normal cells. Our findings suggest that WRN plays a role in the activation of G2 decatenation checkpoint and that the abortive function of this pathway itself does not appear to be sufficient to cause genomic instability but rather predisposes to genomic instability and apoptotic cell death in the absence of other “caretaker” genes, such as WRN.
Sequences homologous to 5' splice sites are required for the inhibitory activity of papillomavirus late 3' untranslated regions

Expression of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) late genes is limited to terminally differentiated keratinocytes in an infected epithelium. We have previously shown that although the BPV-1 late polyadenylation site is functional in nonpermissive cells, a 53-nucleotide (nt) fragment of the late 3' untranslated region acts posttranscriptionally to reduce polyadenylated cytoplasmic RNA levels. This 53-nt fragment does not appear to function by destabilizing polyadenylated cytoplasmic RNA (P. A. Furth and C. C. Baker, J. Virol. 65:5806-5812, 1991). In this study, we used site-directed mutagenesis and deletion analysis to demonstrate that the sequence AAG/GUAAGU, which is identical to the consensus 5' splice site sequence, was both necessary and sufficient for the inhibitory activity of the 53-nt fragment. Furthermore, base pairing between the 5' end of the U1 small nuclear RNA and this 5' splice site-like sequence was shown to be required for the inhibitory activity in vivo. We have also further mapped the human papillomavirus type 16 late 3' inhibitory element (I. M. Kennedy, J. K. Haddow, and J. B. Clements, J. Virol. 65:2093-2097, 1991) to a 51-nt region containing four overlapping sequence motifs with partial homology to 5' splice sites. Mutation of each of these motifs demonstrated that only one of these motifs is required for the inhibitory activity. However, the presence of the other motifs may contribute to the full inhibitory activity of the element. No BPV-1 or human papillomavirus type 16 mRNAs which are spliced by using the potential 5' splice sites present in the viral late 3' untranslated regions have been identified. This suggests that the primary function of these 5' splice site-like sequences is the inhibition of late gene expression. The most likely mechanism of action of these elements is reduction of polyadenylation efficiency, perhaps through interference with 3'-terminal exon definition.
Questioning and reading goals: information-seeking questions asked on scientific texts read under different task conditions.

BACKGROUND A number of studies report that few questions are asked in classrooms and that many of them are shallow questions. AIMS This study investigates the way in which reading goals determine questioning on scientific texts. Reading goals were manipulated through two different tasks: reading for understanding versus reading to solve a problem. SAMPLE A total of 183 university students. METHODS In the first and third questioning experiments, the participants read two short texts. Students in one condition were instructed to understand the texts, whereas in the alternative condition they had to read texts to solve a problem. Students were instructed to write down any questions they might have about the texts. The questions were categorized according to the type of underlying obstacle: associative, explanatory, or predictive. The second experiment used a think-aloud methodology to identify the mental representations generated by the students. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The two questioning experiments show that the questions asked depend on the reading goals. Significantly more explanation questions were asked in the understanding condition than in the problem-solving condition. Also, the two conditions were found to have a different influence on the generation of association and explanation questions. Very few prediction questions were asked in either condition. The think-aloud experiment revealed that the mental representations attempted by readers under the two conditions were indeed different. In conclusion, the experiments showed that, given a certain textual input, readers' questions depend on the reading goals associated with tasks.
Energy Efficient Allocation of Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Centers

Rapid growth of the demand for computational power has led to the creation of large-scale data centers. They consume enormous amounts of electrical power resulting in high operational costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, modern Cloud computing environments have to provide high Quality of Service (QoS) for their customers resulting in the necessity to deal with power-performance trade-off. We propose an efficient resource management policy for virtualized Cloud data centers. The objective is to continuously consolidate VMs leveraging live migration and switch off idle nodes to minimize power consumption, while providing required Quality of Service. We present evaluation results showing that dynamic reallocation of VMs brings substantial energy savings, thus justifying further development of the proposed policy.
Role of intracellular calcium in the spermicidal action of 2‘,4’‐dichlorobenzamil, a novel contact spermicide

The Na+‐Ca2+ exchanger and Ca2+‐ATPase pumps reported to be present on the sperm membrane are responsible for maintaining the intracellular Ca2+ concentration that is involved in regulation of sperm function. We have investigated the role of intracellular Ca2+ in the presence of 2′,4′‐dichlorobenzamil hydrochloride (benzamil), a Na+‐Ca2+ exchange inhibitor, on human sperm motility. The mechanism of the complementary spermicidal action produced by a combination of benzamil and propranolol on human spermatozoa has been investigated also. When administered alone benzamil and propranolol produced a dose‐ and time‐dependent decrease in motility of sperm in ejaculated semen and spermatozoa separated from semen. A combination of benzamil and propranolol exhibited a complementary spermicidal action, thereby resulting in dose reduction of both drugs for obtaining total immotility within 1 min of administration. An increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level was found to contribute to the spermicidal activity. Inhibition of the Na+‐Ca2+ exchange system on sperm membrane by benzamil and membrane stabilization by propranolol resulted in accumulation of Ca2+ inside the sperm cells. When the two drugs were used in combination the time required for the total loss of motility of spermatozoa was significantly reduced due to a similar mechanism of action of both drugs.
How Loved Ones Express Grief After the Death of a Child by Sharing Photographs on Facebook

Abstract Photographs offer a way to preserve the bond to a deceased child, and encourage those who grieve to create stories to share with others. The aim of this study is to capture the thoughts that loved ones want to express when posting photos and captions on a Facebook. The research data was collected from a discussion board on Facebook and consisted of 229 photographs and their captions. The loved ones of a deceased child shared photographs and captions to express their emotions about the grieving process, their adjustment to loss, and the importance of memories and thoughts aroused by special days.
Monitoring the Long-Term Degradation Behavior of Biomimetic Bioadhesive Using Wireless Magnetoelastic Sensor

The degradation behavior of a tissue adhesive is critical to its ability to repair a wound while minimizing prolonged inflammatory response. Traditional degradation tests can be expensive to perform, as they require large numbers of samples. The potential for using magnetoelastic resonant sensors to track bioadhesive degradation behavior was investigated. Specifically, biomimetic poly (ethylene glycol)- (PEG-) based adhesive was coated onto magnetoelastic (ME) sensor strips. Adhesive-coated samples were submerged in solutions buffered at multiple pH levels (5.7, 7.4 and 10.0) at body temperature (37 °C) and the degradation behavior of the adhesive was tracked wirelessly by monitoring the changes in the resonant amplitude of the sensors for over 80 days. Adhesive incubated at pH 7.4 degraded over 75 days, which matched previously published data for bulk degradation behavior of the adhesive while utilizing significantly less material (~103 times lower). Adhesive incubated at pH 10.0 degraded within 25 days while samples incubated at pH 5.7 did not completely degrade even after 80 days of incubation. As expected, the rate of degradation increased with increasing pH as the rate of ester bond hydrolysis is higher under basic conditions. As a result of requiring a significantly lower amount of samples compared to traditional methods, the ME sensing technology is highly attractive for fully characterizing the degradation behavior of tissue adhesives in a wide range of physiological conditions.