Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circumstances of Crime in Homicidal Deaths

Homicide patterns vary from country to country, influenced by many factors. In the two-year period from January 1998 to December 1999, 82 homicide victims were autopsied. The sex ratio was about three males for one female. The largest number of victims was found in the age group 21-30 years. Assaults with blunt weapons were the most common means. Acquaintances committed 34% of homicides. In contrast to males, the killing of a female by a stranger was rare. Revenge was the most common reason followed by arguments. In 40.2% of cases, the location of crime was outdoors, 37.8% were at the victim's house and in 9.7% of cases, the crime was committed at another domicile such as the offender's house, lodgings or a relative's house. In 14.7% of cases, the dead bodies were located away from the scene of crime.
The Relationship between Measures of Unprofessional Behavior during Medical School and Indices on the California Psychological Inventory

Background Research studies on physicians disciplined by state medical boards showed specific types of unprofessional behavior were predictive of later disciplinary action. Similarly, law enforcement officers who received disciplinary action scored lower on certain scales of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). Method This study used a case–control descriptive design and independent t tests to examine differences in scores on six psychological indices (CPI scales) by level of unprofessional behavior during medical school. Results Physicians who demonstrated unprofessional behavior during medical school versus those who did not scored significantly lower on four CPI scales. Results are consistent with findings in which general unprofessional behavior during medical school can be further characterized to domains of irresponsibility, lack of self-improvement, and poor initiative. Conclusions The psychological indices of the CPI scales differed by level of unprofessional behavior, which leads one to wonder whether the use of personality measures should be considered during the admissions process to medical school.
Combined liver and kidney transplantation and kidney after liver transplantation in children: Indication, postoperative outcome, and long‐term results

CLKT and sequential KALT are decided on a case‐by‐case basis in children for special indications such as ARPKD or PH1. We report on 21 children who underwent CLKT or KALT at our hospital between 1998 and 2013. Eleven children were diagnosed with PH1 and six with ARPKD. Other diagnosis were Joubert syndrome (n = 1), nephronophthisis (n = 1), CF (n = 1), and hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 1). Children (12 males, nine females) were aged 7.8 ± 6.2 yr (range, 10 months to 18 yr) at time of transplantation. Average wait time was 1.9 ± 0.9 yr (range, four months to 2.3 yr). Fifteen patients received dialysis prior to transplantation. In PH1 patients, four children received CLKT, five received KALT, and two infants have received only an LTx, whereas all six patients with ARPKD received CLKT. In patients with other indications, CLKT was performed in three cases and KALT in one girl. Cumulative 10‐yr survival of all 21 patients was 78.4%. At the time of transfer into adult care, 13 patients retained stable liver and kidney function. Regardless the underlying diagnosis, CLKT and KALT can be performed in children with good surgical outcomes and long‐term survival.
Title The Effect of Context and CS Preexposure on Acquisition of the Classically Conditioned Eyeblink Response in Rats Permalink

This work was supported by NIAAA grant AA011945 to J.E. S. and by funds from the Indiana University College of Arts and Sciences. Correspondence regarding this paper should be sent to Joseph E. Steinmetz, Dean, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Kansas, 1450 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7535 (jsteinmetz@ku.edu). The authors thank Erin Odya and Jamie Katz for technical assistance on this project. The Effect of Context and CS Preexposure on Acquisition of the Classically Conditioned Eyeblink Response in Rats
The Experiences of Older Italian Migrants With Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study

Purpose: Older Italian migrants in Australia are a vulnerable group, with high rates of type 2 diabetes and low levels of English language proficiency. The project explored the experience of living with diabetes and factors that facilitated or inhibited access to diabetes services. Method: Focus groups were conducted in Italian with 13 participants with type 2 diabetes, aged 68 to 85 years. Results: Findings indicate five main themes, including (a) the value of health, (b) the impact of diabetes, (c) making changes, (d) managing diabetes, and (e) access to information and services. Conclusion: The social context of food, presented the greatest impediment to successful diabetes self-management for this group of older Italian migrants. Participants identified a need for greater community engagement and education. Implications for Practice: A need for greater access to interpreters and information in Italian was identified. Counselling services may be necessary for this group.
The Weight Bias Internalization Scale for Youth: Validation of a Specific Tool for Assessing Internalized Weight Bias Among Treatment-Seeking German Adolescents With Overweight

Objective The study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a partly adapted, German version of the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-Y) in a sample of treatment-seeking adolescents with overweight. Methods A survey (N = 191), including measures of weight bias internalization (WBI), self-esteem, self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, and body-related locus of control, was followed by semistructured interviews (N = 10). Cronbach's α, correlation, and factor analyses were performed. Interview data were subjected to inductive content analysis. Results The WBIS-Y displayed good reliability and construct validity. WBI correlated negatively with self-esteem, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life, and positively with body mass index and external body-related locus of control. Interviewees found the scale to be comprehensive, linguistically accessible, and acceptable despite its sensitive nature. Conclusions The WBIS-Y is recommended for use both in research with adolescents and as a guide for mitigating the negative consequences of weight stigmatization in the treatment of pediatric obesity.
Anesthetic Technique and the Cytokine and Matrix Metalloproteinase Response to Primary Breast Cancer Surgery

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Surgery remains the most effective treatment. Several perioperative factors, including the surgical stress response, many anesthetics and opioids, adversely affect immune function. Regional anesthesia-analgesia attenuates perioperative immunosuppression. We tested the hypothesis that patients who receive combined propofol/paravertebral anesthesia-analgesia (propofol/paravertebral) exhibited reduced levels of protumorigenic cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and elevated levels of antitumorigenic cytokines compared with patients receiving sevoflurane anesthesia with opioid analgesia (sevoflurane/opioid). Methods: Primary breast cancer surgery patients were randomized to propofol/paravertebral (n = 15) or sevoflurane/opioid (n = 17) and preoperative and postoperative serum concentrations of 11 cytokines (interleukin 1&bgr; [IL-1&bgr;], IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, interferon &ggr;, and tumor necrosis factor &agr;) and 3 MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9) were measured. Results: Treatment groups were well balanced for age, weight, surgical procedure, and cancer pathologic diagnosis. Pain scores were lower at 1 and 2 hrs with paravertebral analgesia compared with morphine but similar at 24 hrs. Patients in the propofol/paravertebral group showed a greater percentage decrease in postoperative compared with preoperative IL-1&bgr; (median [quartiles], −26% [−15% to −52%] versus −4% [−14% to 2%], P = 0.003), a significant attenuation in elevated MMP-3 (2% [−39% to 12%] versus 29% [23%-59%], P = 0.011) and MMP-9 (26% [13%-54%] versus 74% [50%-108%], P = 0.02), and a significant increase in IL-10 (10% [5%-33%] versus −15% [20% to −2%], P = 0.001) compared with sevoflurane/opioid group. No significantly different changes in IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, interferon &ggr;, tumor necrosis factor &agr;, or MMP-1 were observed between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Propofol/paravertebral anesthesia-analgesia for breast cancer surgery alters a minority of cytokines influential in regulating perioperative cancer immunity. Further evaluation is required to determine the significance of these observations.
Effect of glycine powder air-polishing as an adjunct in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis: a pilot clinical trial.

BACKGROUND Glycine powder air-polishing (GPAP) has the potential to effectively erase biofilms and may improve the treatment efficacy of peri-implant mucositis. This pilot clinical trial evaluated the effect of GPAP as an adjunct in treating peri-implant mucositis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four subjects having at least one implant with peri-implant mucositis were randomly assigned to test (12 subjects with 17 implants) and control (12 subjects with 16 implants) groups. Following baseline assessment, all subjects received oral hygiene instruction and non-surgical debridement. In the test group, the sites with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm were additionally treated by GPAP for 5 sec. Clinical parameters were measured at 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month recall visits. RESULTS At the 3-month visit, the mean reductions in PD at site level were 0.93 ± 0.93 mm and 0.91 ± 0.98 mm in the test and control groups, respectively (P < 0.05), and no significant difference existed between two groups. Mean bleeding score was also significantly reduced in both groups after the intervention. No complications or discomfort were reported during the study. CONCLUSIONS This pilot clinical trial suggests that non-surgical mechanical debridement may effectively control peri-implant mucositis, and adjunctive GPAP treatment seems to have a limited beneficial effect as compared with mechanical debridement alone. However, further clinical trials with a large sample size are needed to confirm this preliminary observation.
Can genome array screening replace FISH as a front‐line test in multiple myeloma?

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disorder characterized by neoplastic transformation of mature B cells in the bone marrow (BM), accompanied by complex genetic changes. The disease is heterogeneous at both the clinical and genomic levels. Molecular genetics and genomic investigations have demonstrated that disease evolution is associated with an accumulation of specific aberrations, mostly genome imbalances, which not only shed light on the disease pathogenesis but also allow risk assessment and treatment monitoring. We used a catalogue version of the Agilent 8x60K oligo‐array with immuno‐magnetically isolated CD138(+) cells from BM samples of 50 patients with myeloma to evaluate the merit of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) as a diagnostic tool. We demonstrate the ability of aCGH to detect clonal imbalances to a level well below established clinically significant thresholds. aCGH, combined with target enrichment and complemented with tests for IGH rearrangements offers a cost neutral alternative to multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization screening. While we recognize the limitations of the standard version of the 8x60k array we demonstrate the value of aCGH as a first tier test in the diagnostic workup of MM. The array technology enables high‐risk disease stratification with the added benefit of providing whole genome data to assist in establishing clinically relevant predicative markers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tropical spastic paraparesis‐like illness occurring in a patient dually infected with HIV‐1 and HTLV‐II

We describe a 34-year-old man from southern Florida with a history of intravenous drug use, dually infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II), who developed a myelopathy clinically indistinguishable from HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). This myelopathy was characterized by spastic lower extremity weakness, distal paresthesias, sensory loss with a discrete thoracic level to pinprick, back pain, impotence, and sphincter disturbances. Nerve conduction studies revealed an associated mixed axonal and demyelinative neuropathy. Despite a lack of response to 10 months of zidovudine therapy, the myeloneuropathy improved dramatically 2 years after its onset in the absence of any therapeutic intervention.
Ocular effects of fenretinide, a vitamin A analog, in a chemoprevention trial of bladder cancer.

Fenretinide is a vitamin A derivative under investigation in cancer prevention trials. Because all available pharmacologic and toxicologic data were obtained from breast cancer patients, we measured plasma drug, metabolite, and vitamin A levels and studied their relationship with visual and ocular symptoms in a cohort formed mostly by male subjects belonging to a bladder cancer prevention trial. After 1 year, the mean plasma retinol levels (+/- standard deviation [SD]) were 168.2 +/- 75.8 ng/ml in 31 subjects treated with fenretinide and 594.5 +/- 168.4 ng/ml in 36 control subjects (P < .001). Plasma retinol levels were correlated inversely to drug and metabolite concentrations, which in turn were correlated inversely to the interval from last drug intake. The decline of plasma vitamin A levels accounted for a 41.7% cumulative incidence of diminished dark adaptability in the retinoid arm as compared to 6.8% in the control arm (odds ratio = 13.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.9-66.1). Although compliance as assessed by capsule count was high, three subjects originally assigned to the treatment group who proved to be noncompliers (8.8%, or 3 of 34) had no detectable plasma drug or metabolite levels. Our data confirm the specific pharmacologic and visual effects of fenretinide also in a male population and strengthen the importance of multiple blood measurements to monitor treatment compliance in prevention trials.
The Relations among Executive Functions and Users ' Perceptions toward Using Technologies to Multitask

In this research, we examined the influence of information processing abilities (i.e., executive functions) on users’ perceptions about technologies. Borrowing the literature from psychology discipline, we explained how individual’s working memory capacity (WMC), focus, and flexibility skills influence cognitive absorption, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness in the context of technologies multitasking. We also integrated a micro-level measure (n-Back task to measure WMC) and macro-level measures (self-report questionnaire) in this present study. The results revealed that individual’s information processing mechanism influences the degree of his or her cognitive absorption when he or she engages in more than one task or technology simultaneously or sequentially. An individual is likely to experience high degree of cognitive absorption if he or she is able to balance the focus and flexibility. Furthermore, we found that WMC is positively associated with perceived ease of use. Together, perceived ease of use and cognitive absorption influence perceived usefulness.
Regional Fasciocutaneous Flap Closure for Clubfoot Surgery

Skin closure after a comprehensive posteromedial–lateral release of clubfeet through a Cincinnati incision may be difficult. This is especially true for cases of severe deformity either primary or recurrent. To deal with this, certain techniques have been developed. These consist of casting the foot in an undercorrected position with subsequent serial cast changes, leaving the incision completely or partially open for closure by secondary intention, using tissue expanders, and using different flap techniques. Five patients with nine clubfoot deformities who were treated with a comprehensive posteromedial–lateral release through a Cincinnati incision and underwent fasciocutaneous flap closure since June 1998 were included in this study. These flaps allowed correction and complete wound closure at the end of surgery without any skin tension. These flaps were constructed either in a rotational or V-Y advancement manner. None of the patients had any major complications. In summary, this new fasciocutaneous flap is a simple and reliable method in cases with primary skin-closure difficulties. It does not require special equipment or a plastic surgeon.
Enlarged right-sided dimensions and fibrosis of the right ventricular insertion point on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is seen early in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease

Objectives: To describe the findings of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with connective tissue disease (CTD) and in consecutive patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) without PAH. Methods: The study comprised nine consecutive patients who were admitted for right heart catheterization (RHC) under a suspicion of CTD-PAH and 25 consecutive patients who were admitted for evaluation because of a clinical suspicion of SSc. In addition to the regular assessment, they also underwent examination by CMR. Results: CMR measurements of right ventricular (RV) volumes and function showed severe pathology in patients with CTD-PAH. Patients with SSc without PAH had similar but much less severe findings. Right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) were abnormal in all patients with CTD-PAH. In eight out of nine patients with CTD-PAH, fibrosis was seen in the RV insertion point, probably caused by increased tension, but only in one of the consecutive SSc patients. This patient was diagnosed with CTD-PAH 20 months later. Conclusions: In CTD-PAH, CMR shows severe changes in RV volumes and function, but also fibrosis in the RV insertion point. Similar abnormalities, although much less severe, may be seen at diagnosis of SSc. Further evaluation is warranted to determine whether these findings are of value in screening for early signs of PAH in SSc.
Effect of dietary fibre and protein on postprandial satiety and satiety peptides

microflora in the lower part of the GI -track, especially in the colon inducing fibre stimulated fermentation and thereby well-being of the microflora. Consequently, colonic fermentation has also received an increasing attention as a potential factor inducing fibre-related satiety, but this remains speculative (9). Insoluble dietary fibres such as cellulose, some hemicelluloses and lignins have also favourable effects on the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract serving almost exclusively as bulking agents that result in shorter faecal transit time and increased intracolonic mass. However, satiety producing effects of pure insoluble fibres remain yet largely unidentified.
Student nurses' experiences of communication in cross-cultural care encounters.

BACKGROUND Communication is a fundamental component of cross-cultural care encounters. Nurses experience communication difficulties in situations where they do not speak the same language as their patients. Communication difficulties are a major obstacle for immigrant patients and can lead to insufficient information and poor quality nursing care in contrast to the majority population. AIM To explore student nurses' experiences of communication in cross-cultural care encounters. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were undertaken a purposive sample of 10 final year students from one university in Sweden: five participants were from a Swedish background and five from an immigrant background. Interviews explored participant's experiences of communication in cross-cultural care encounters. Interviews were tape recorded, transcribed and analysed using 'framework' approach. RESULTS Four themes were identified: conceptualizing cross-cultural care encounters, difficulties in communication, communication strategies and factors influencing communication. 'Culture' was equated with country of origin. Cross-cultural care encounters involved patients from a different immigrant background to the nurse. Student nurses experienced particular difficulties communicating with patients with whom they did not share a common language. This led to care becoming mechanistic and impersonal. They were fearful of making mistakes and lacked skills and confidence in questioning patients. Various strategies were used to overcome communication barriers including the use of relatives to interpret, nonverbal communication, gestures and artefacts. Other factors which influenced communication included the student's attitude, cultural knowledge acquired through education and life experience. CONCLUSION Although student nurses seek creative ways to communicate with patients from different cultural backgrounds they lack skills and confidence in cross-cultural communication. Nursing programmes need to address this deficit to ensure that nurses are equipped with the knowledge and skills to provide quality care to patients from different cultural backgrounds.
Effects of processed cheese on human plaque pH and demineralization and remineralization.

This two-part study was undertaken to examine the effects of processed cheese on human plaque pH and de- and remineralization of enamel and root lesions in a human in situ caries model system. In the first part of the study the selected processed cheese (Kraft American Singles Processed Cheese Food) was eaten alone and followed by a 10% sucrose rinse after the acidogenicity of the plaque was demonstrated. A 10% sucrose rinse alone resulted in a mean minimum pH of 4.26. The cheese alone showed a mean minimum pF of 6.32 and cheese followed by sucrose resulted in a mean minimum pH of 6.48. The plaque pH of cheese eaten alone stayed at pH above 5.7 (the "safe for teeth" level). Cheese consumption also prevented the acid challenge when followed by sucrose. The second part of the study utilized the thin-sections of artificially created caries-like lesions on enamel and root, and sound root sections. One-month periods were used in a cross-over design to examine the effect of eating the cheese q.i. d. Polarized light microscopy was used to determine changes in the size of lesion areas. The addition of the processed cheese to the diet resulted in statistically significant reductions in enamel lesion size as well as a reduction in progression of root lesions. Lesions created on the sound root surfaces were approximately one-third the size of those created during the control period. This study indicates that processed cheese is hypoacidogenic, anti-acidogenic, and prevents demineralization as well as enhances remineralization.