Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Degenerative collagenous plaques of the hands and acrokeratoelastoidosis: pathogenesis and relationship with knuckle pads

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Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in lobular granulomatous panniculitis (erythema induratum-nodular vasculitis).

OBJECTIVE To determine, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, if Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA is present in the skin biopsy specimens of lobular granulomatous panniculitis. DESIGN A retrospective descriptive study. SETTING A university-based hospital. PATIENTS From the 65 patients included in the study, we examined 72 paraffin-embedded skin biopsy specimens with a histologic diagnosis of erythema induratum or nodular vasculitis. The biopsy specimens were from the histopathological archives of the Departments of Dermatology and Pathology of the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain, from 1976 to 1994. Twenty-two biopsy specimens were excluded from the final analysis because we could not amplify the internal control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Detection of a 123-base pair fragment of the IS6110 insertion sequence specific for M tuberculosis complex. RESULTS The results of PCR amplification were positive for M tuberculosis complex DNA in 77% of the skin biopsy specimens. No significant difference could be detected with respect to the age of the patients, ulceration of the nodules, reactivity to purified protein derivative, abnormal results of a chest x-ray examination, personal and family history of tuberculosis, and PCR results. The presence and degree of necrosis on histologic examination were significantly higher in the PCR-positive group (P = .04). None of the following variables were associated with PCR results: presence of vasculitis, degree of granulomatous infiltrates, number of giant cells, and presence of well-organized granulomas. CONCLUSIONS The DNA of M tuberculosis can be detected in a considerable number of skin biopsy specimens of lobular granulomatous panniculitis. None of the clinical and histologic variables evaluated could accurately predict the results of PCR amplification.
Sensitization and symptoms associated with soybean exposure in processing plants in South Africa.

BACKGROUND Following the results of a previous study that highlighted the potential for significant levels of dust exposure in South African soybean processing plants, a clinical investigation was undertaken to study the respiratory health of workers in this industry. METHODS Workers from three soybean-processing plants were studied with a respiratory questionnaire and estimation of atopy and specific soybean IgE. RESULTS A total of 144 of the 181 (79.6% participation rate) plant employees completed the questionnaire and 136 (75.1%) gave blood samples for analysis of specific IgE. There was a significant association between work-related chest tightness (OR 4.0 [95% CI 1.3-12.6]), work-related nasal symptoms (OR 4.3 [95% CI 1.3-14.6]) and cough or chest tightness after handling soybean (OR 3.6 [95% CI 1.1-11.6]) and soybean sensitization. There was a significant association between current exposure to dust during soybean off-loading and "flu-like" illness (OR 2.7 [95% CI 1.0-7.2]), and cough or chest tightness after such work (OR 7.4 [95% CI 2.4-23.6]). The strongest predictor of work related nasal symptoms was sensitization to soybean, the latter strongly predicted by the presence of atopy (OR 34.7 [95% CI 6.6-182.5]). CONCLUSIONS Exposure and sensitization to soybean were associated with the presence of work related symptoms, including flu-like symptoms, cough, chest tightness, and nasal symptoms. The aetiology of these symptoms and more particularly the best intervention strategies require more detailed investigation.
Type Prediction in Noisy RDF Knowledge Bases Using Hierarchical Multilabel Classification with Graph and Latent Features

Semantic Web knowledge bases, in particular large cross-domain data, are often noisy, incorrect, and incomplete with respect to type information. This incompleteness can be reduced, as previous work shows, with automatic type prediction methods. Most knowledge bases contain an ontology defining a type hierarchy, and, in general, entities are allowed to have multiple types (classes of an instance assigned with the rdf:type relation). In this paper, we exploit these characteristics and formulate the type prediction problem as hierarchical multi classification, where the labels are types. We evaluate different sets of features, including entity embeddings, which can be extracted from the knowledge graph exclusively. We propose SLCN, a modification of the local classifier per node approach, which performs feature selection, instance sampling, and class balancing for each local classifier with the objective of improving scalability. Furthermore, we explore different variants of creating features for the classi.
Statin therapy with ezetimibe or niacin in high-risk patients.

The use of statin therapy to reduce levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in patients who are at high risk for vascular events results in a 30 to 40% reduction in the rate of clinical events.1 However, many patients continue to be at risk. This residual risk has resulted in the search for additional therapeutic approaches. One approach is the further reduction of the LDL cholesterol level through treatment with higher doses of statins or through the addition of the cholesterol-absorption inhibitor ezetimibe. However, to date, only high-dose statin therapy has shown a clear clinical benefit beyond a moderate reduction .
Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder by U.S. psychiatrists.

OBJECTIVE To examine the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by a nationally representative sample of psychiatrists. METHOD The authors analyzed physician-reported data from the 1997 and 1999 American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education Practice Research Network (PRN) Study of Psychiatric Patients and Treatments to describe demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of OCD (per DSM-IV and clinical features). On the basis of published studies, serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) doses were predefined as low, intermediate, or high. RESULTS Sixty-five percent of patients received an SRI, but only 39.4% of the sample patients received an SRI at a dose thought to be most effective for OCD or were having their dose titrated. A total of 7.5% of patients in the sample received cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with or without medication treatment. Prescription of benzodiazepines or antipsychotics was common, often in the absence of an SRI. Patients receiving CBT had on average the highest scores on the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. No other demographic or treatment characteristics were associated with the type of treatment received by the patients. CONCLUSION Despite important advances in the efficacy of pharmacologic and psychological treatments for OCD, psychiatric care of OCD continues to be an area with substantial opportunity for quality improvement.
Formation of Protoplasts from Resting Spores

Coat-stripped spores suspended in hypertonic solutions and supplied with two essential cations can be converted into viable protoplasts by lysozyme digestion of both cortex and germ cell wall. Calcium ions are necessary to prevent membrane rupture, and magnesium ions are necessary for changes indicative of hydration of the core, particularily the nuclear mass. Since remnant spore coat covered such protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis and the germ cell wall of B. cereus spores is not lysozyme digestible, coatless spores of B. megaterium KM were more useful for these studies. Lysozyme digestion in cation-free environment produced a peculiar semi-refractile spore core free of a cortex but prone to rapid hydration and lytic changes on the addition of cations. Strontium could replace Ca2+ but Mn2+ could not replace Mg2+ in these digestions. When added to the spores, dipicolinic acid and other chelates appeared to compete with the membrane for the calcium needed for stabilization during lysozyme conversion to protoplasts. It is argued that calcium could function to stabilize the inner membrane anionic groups over the anhydrous dipicolinic acid-containing core of resting spores.
Phenological and morphological responses of the Mediterranean coral Astroides calycularis to environmental conditions

Studies of intraspecific variation in the presence of different environmental features are essential in improving the knowledge of species population dynamics and structure. Sea surface temperature (SST) plays a fundamental role on the fertilization period of scleractinian corals. Astroides calycularis is an azooxanthellate scleractinian coral commonly found in shallow rocky habitats of the southwestern Mediterranean Sea. This study compares the fertilization period of the coral between two distant localities with different sea surface temperatures; one in the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula (average SST 20.4±1.8oC), and the other in the southwestern coasts of Italy (average SST 21.5±1.9oC). Colony morphology varied between localities, the former having “massive” morphology with densely
Secondary Atmospheric Photooxidation Products: Evidence for Biogenic and Anthropogenic Sources

[1] Measurements of the biogenic hydrocarbons isoprene and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO), their first-, second-, and third-generation photooxidation products methacrolein (MACR), methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), acetone, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal (2-HMPR), glycolaldehyde, hydroxyacetone, methylglyoxal, and glyoxal, and carbon monoxide (CO), were obtained above a ponderosa pine plantation, near the Blodgett Forest Research Station, California on 15–19 August and 11–15 September 2000. Diurnal cycles for all the compounds were similar, with maximum mixing ratios in the afternoon and minimum mixing ratios in the early morning. The diurnal cycles of the second-generation isoprene photooxidation products were similar to their precursors, while changes in 2-HMPR, a compound unique to MBO photooxidation, lagged behind corresponding changes in MBO. These observations are consistent with transport of isoprene and its photooxidation products from a strong source several hours upwind, and a predominantly local source of MBO with in situ photochemical production of 2-HMPR. Glycolaldehyde and hydroxyacetone mixing ratios exceeded the mixing ratios of their biogenic precursors on days with high CO, and were generally correlated more strongly with CO than with their biogenic precursors. The agreement between measured product ratios and ratios predicted by a box model improved when anthropogenic precursors were added to the model. Quantification of the source apportionment demonstrated that photooxidation of anthropogenic precursors contributed significantly to the mixing ratios of glycolaldehyde and hydroxyacetone measured in this rural environment. More research into the photochemistry and yields of multifunctional carbonyl compounds from hydrocarbon photooxidation is needed in order for models to accurately predict their role in tropospheric chemistry.
OCCURRENCE OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES AND FACTORS THAT ENHANCE POPULATION BUILD-UP IN CEREAL-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN UGANDA

Plant parasitic nematodes remain a major challenge to crop production that has hitherto received minmum research attention in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper gives the diversity of nematode genera and species associated with cereal crops and indicates the possibility of nemadode population build up due to production intensification especially in soils with high sand content. Twenty-two nematode species from 10 genera of plant parasitic nematodes were recovered in root samples collected from 5 cereal crops (barley, maize, millet, sorghum and wheat) collected from 293 sites in five major cereal growing areas of Uganda (230 maize samples, 18 millet samples, 21 sorghum samples, 18 wheat samples and 6 barley samples), grown singly or as intercrops. Of these, 12 nematode species were encountered in maize roots, namely Aphelenchoides arachides, Aphelenchoides eltaybi, Ditylenchus spp, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Meloidogyne spp. , Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Pratylenchus zeae, Scutellonema brachyurus, Scutellonema paralabiatum, Scutellonema clathricaudatum and Rotylenchulus borealis. Based on populations of the nematode species recovered, four distinct nematode groupings were observed: those that were widespread and abundant (Pratylenchus zeae and P. brachyurus); those that were widespread but less abundant (Scutellonema spp., Meloidogyne spp., Rotylenchulus spp. and Helicotylenchus spp.); those that were localized but very abundant (Pratylenchus goodeyi), and those that were localized but less abundant (Aphelenchoides spp. and Ditylenchus spp.). Intensified maize cropping systems with/without noncereal rotations increased risk of Pratylenchus zeae, Scutellonema spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. infection of maize.
Dexamethasone and salbutamol in the treatment of acute wheezing in infants.

Thirty-two infants, aged 1 to 12 months, hospitalized with acute wheezing, were studied. They were randomly divided into four treatment groups of eight patients each. The treatments were intramuscular dexamethasone or placebo (double-blind), and salbutamol (oral and inhaled), or none (open), in all four possible combinations. The study was carried out as a randomized block design with eight blocks of four infants each, matched by age and clinical score. Average daily improvements, as reflected by changes in the clinical score and length of hospital stay, was essentially the same for infants treated with placebo, salbutamol alone, and dexamethasone alone. However, combined salbutamol-dexamethasone treatment resulted in more than twice the rate of improvement of the other treatments. The difference was statistically highly significant (P less than .01). Furthermore, the response of this combined treatment was observed within 24 hours; none of the ten infants in whom there was no significant improvement within 48 hours and neither of the two patients who developed respiratory failure received the combined salbutamol-dexamethasone treatment. A potentiating effect of corticosteroids on the beta-adrenergic responsiveness is a possible explanation for the advantage of this combined treatment in the management of acute wheezing in infancy.
The effects of rat mesenchymal stem cells on injury progression in a rat model.

OBJECTIVES Burns are common injuries that can result in significant scarring, leading to poor function and disfigurement. Unlike mechanical injuries, burns often progress both in depth and in size over the first few days after injury, possibly due to inflammation and oxidative stress. A major gap in the field of burns is the lack of an effective therapy that reduces burn injury progression. Because stem cells have been shown to improve healing in several injury models, the authors hypothesized that species-specific mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would reduce injury progression in a rat comb-burn model. METHODS Using a brass comb preheated to 100°C, the authors created four rectangular burns, separated by three unburned interspaces on both sides of the backs of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The interspaces represented the ischemic zones surrounding the central necrotic core. In an attempt to reduce burn injury progression, 20 rats were randomized to tail vein injections of 1 mL of rat-specific MSCs, 10(6) cells/mL (n = 10), or normal saline (n = 10), 60 minutes after injury. RESULTS While the authors were unable to identify any quantum dot (Q-dot)-labeled MSCs in the injured skin, at 7 days the mean percentage of the unburned interspaces that became necrotic in the MSC group was significantly less than in the control group (80% vs. 100%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Intravenous injection of rat MSCs reduced burn injury progression in a rat comb-burn model.
Mucormycosis of the stomach in a patient with multiple trauma

ric analysis of the bone marrow aspirate showed the presence of 22% of lymphoid T-cells (CD2 ⁄ CD3 ⁄ CD5+ CD7-) expressing the a ⁄ b TCR. The patient was treated with polychemotherapy, but died of disease five months after diagnosis. Our report indicates that the association of a T-cell lymphoma with a salivary gland-type Warthin’s tumour does exist, although extremely rare. This may be explained by the overall low incidence of T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases, and in particular of (nodal) peripheral T-cell lymphoma, NOS (<5% of all lymphoma cases). Thus, T-cell lymphomas have to be considered in the spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders that may be associated with a Warthin’s tumour in the same site. The presence of a Warthin’s tumour in a lymph node biopsy may be misleading and represent a pitfall; a careful evaluation of the histomorphological and immunohistological features of the lymphoid tissue is always required. The substantial absence of lymphoid follicles with germinal centres and the effacement of the lymph node architecture due to a T-cell proliferation should lead the pathologist to consider the diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma, in spite of the coexistence of a Warthin’s tumour in the same lymph node biopsy. Molecular analysis of the TCR gene status should always be performed in order to support a diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma and rule out the possibility of a paracortical ⁄ diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia.
Glucose sensing by MondoA:Mlx complexes: A role for hexokinases and direct regulation of thioredoxin-interacting protein expression

Glucose is a fundamental metabolite, yet how cells sense and respond to changes in extracellular glucose concentration is not completely understood. We recently reported that the MondoA:Mlx dimeric transcription factor directly regulates glycolysis. In this article, we consider whether MondoA:Mlx complexes have a broader role in sensing and responding to glucose status. In their latent state, MondoA:Mlx complexes localize to the outer mitochondrial membrane, yet shuttle between the mitochondria and the nucleus. We show that MondoA:Mlx complexes accumulate in the nucleus in response to glucose and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). Furthermore, nuclear localization of MondoA:Mlx depends on the enzymatic activity of hexokinases. These enzymes catalyze conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), which is the first step in the glycolytic pathway. Together, these findings suggest that MondoA:Mlx monitors intracellular G6P concentration and translocates to the nucleus when levels of this key metabolite increase. Transcriptional profiling experiments demonstrate that MondoA is required for >75% of the 2-DG-induced transcription signature. We identify thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as a direct and glucose-regulated MondoA:Mlx transcriptional target. Furthermore, MondoA:Mlx complexes, via their regulation of TXNIP, are potent negative regulators of glucose uptake. These studies suggest a key role for MondoA:Mlx complexes in the adaptive transcriptional response to changes in extracellular glucose concentration and peripheral glucose uptake.
Can We Predict Recovery From Severe Acute Kidney Injury with Biomarkers?

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Glycemic Response to Wheat Products: Reduced Response to Pasta but No Effect of Fiber

The blood glucose response to feeding 50-g carbohydrate portions of white and wholemeal bread and white spaghetti was studied in a group of nine diabetic subjects. Blood glucose rises after white and wholemeal bread were identical, but the response after spaghetti was markedly reduced. These results emphasize that food form rather than fiber may be important in determining the glycemic response and that pasta may be a useful source of carbohydrate in the diabetic diet.