Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Psychometric Study of the Prevalence of DSM‐IV Personality Disorders Among Office–Based Methadone Maintenance Patients

Using the DSM‐IV criteria for personality disorders, prevalence rates for these disorders were evaluated among methadone maintenance patients, with a psychometric test—the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI‐III). We found that 77% of patients met the study criteria for at least one personality disorder. Of those who had a personality disorder, 20% had two personality disorders, 14% had three personality disorders, and 6% had four personality disorders. Rates of specific personality disorders are reported. Consistencies and divergence from existing research literature are noted. It is suggested that future research compare psychometrically based self‐report questionnaires to a structured clinical interview format, within the same clinical population.
Case Report of Chronic Pancreatitis in aPatient with Celiac Disease and Extra-Intestinal Manifestations of Celiac Disease : Report of a Case and a Literature Review *

Celiac disease is characterized by both inflammation of the small intestine and villous atrophy. It is triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Celiac diseases frequently manifest themselves in a diverse variety of extra intestinal symptoms which are well-documented. There is now evidence of the association of pancreaticobiliary diseases in patients with celiac disease, and it has been reported that celiac disease is associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis and pancreatic insufficiency. In the last 30 years, celiac cases exhibiting extra-intestinal symptoms were not well understood and no clear association with pancreaticobiliary diseases had yet been established. A young female with chronic pancreatitis was referred to our clinic for endoscopic therapy. Her past medical history was of an acute recurrent pancreatitis of a couple of years’ duration, and had been diagnosed with celiac disease. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed severe chronic pancreatitis, with total villous atrophy and flat-shaped duodenal mucosa. The patient was then treated with a combination of gluten-free diet and pancreatic enzymes, with this approach patient showed a dramatic improvement in her symptoms and soon started tolerating the GFD. The patient is free of abdominal pain and has had significant weight gain. In this brief review we reported this and present a literature review.
Center for Financial Markets and Policy The Power of Shareholder Votes: Evidence from Director Elections *

In the U.S., votes in director elections are advisory but are often used by shareholders to express dissent. We examine whether these non-binding votes have consequences for directors and report affirmative evidence. Directors facing dissent are more likely to depart boards, especially if they are not lead directors or chairs of important committees. Directors facing dissent who do not leave are moved to less prominent positions in boards. These effects are more pronounced in firms with greater ownership by institutional investors who pose exit threats. Finally, we find evidence that directors facing dissent face reduced opportunities in the market for directors, consistent with the Fama and Jensen (1983) view of the disciplining role of the market for directors. We show that contrary to popular belief, shareholder votes have power and result in negative consequences for directors. We also find that the effects of dissent votes go beyond those of proxy advisor recommendations.
Understanding the course of cognitive deficits over the onset of psychosis

ABSTRACT FROM: Bora E, Murray RM. Meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in ultra-high risk to psychosis and first episode psychosis: do the cognitive deficits progress over, or after, the onset of psychosis? Schizophrenia Bulletin 2014;40:744–55. People with a first-episode of psychosis (FEP) show cognitive impairments relative to healthy controls that are present at the onset of psychotic disorder.1 Individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis tend to show cognitive performance intermediate to FEP and healthy controls, suggesting there may be deterioration in cognitive ability over the transition to psychotic disorder. The only way to truly determine deterioration in cognition is through longitudinal within-subject studies. A relatively large number of studies of FEP suggest no deterioration is evident in the first few years postpsychosis onset.2 Longitudinal UHR studies show similar results, but these often have small sample sizes.3 ,4 Bora and Murray performed a meta-analysis …
Why Do Managers Undertake Acquisitions? An Analysis of Internal and External Rewards for Acquisitiveness

We study the effect of a firm's acquisitions on the subsequent career of its chief executive officer (CEO) by examining a sample of executives who undertook large acquisitions between 1986 and 1988. We find that acquirers do not have significantly different compensation growth from executives who did not undertake acquisitions. Further, we find the effect of acquisitions on compensation does not depend on whether the acquisition increased shareholder wealth, nor on whether the acquisition was diversifying. We do find a benefit to acquisitions, however, because CEOs who completed acquisitions are significantly more likely to gain outside directorships than those who did not complete acquisitions. Our results do not support the argument that CEOs have an incentive to pursue acquisitions in order to increase their own compensation, but lend support to the argument that CEOs have an incentive to pursue acquisitions to increase their prestige and standing in the business community. Copyright 1998 by Oxford University Press.
Cyclic-Service Systems with Probabilistically-Limited Service

An asymmetric cyclic-service system with a probabilistically limited (PL) service policy is analyzed. In such a service policy, the maximum number of customers served at a queue during a server visit is determined by a probability which is independent of system states. Exhaustive, limited-k, and Bernoulli services are special cases of the PL policy. Customer service times and changeover times have general distribution. A numerical technique based on discrete Fourier transforms is proposed to solve for the queue-length distributions. Thus, the waiting and response-time distribution are obtained. A set of numerical examples is presented to validate the approach. >
A Comparison of Mamdani and Sugeno Fuzzy Inference Systems for Traffic Flow Prediction

Information on the future state of traffic flow provides a solid foundation for the efficient implementation of traffic control and guidance. The prediction approaches based on fuzzy logic theory is of great interests, because the rule-based inference is similar to the way humans process casual relations and fuzzy linguistic variables provide a natural way to deal with uncertainties. This paper presents a comparative study on a set of widely used Mamdani and Sugeno fuzzy inference systems in the application on the short-term prediction for traffic flow based on the historical recordings. To fulfill the comparison, a series of experiments was designed and performed to evaluate prediction performance for each fuzzy inference system in terms of model complexity, execution time, noise resistance, performance consistency, missing data, and multi-step-ahead predictability. Before discussing the primary results, a description on the fuzzy inference systems, evaluation factors and criteria was given. The analyses on the experimental results led to several findings which can be referenced when choosing a FIS for traffic flow prediction based on historical recordings.
Analysis of gender difference on entrepreneurial self-efficacy in Kenya: case of small and medium entrepreneurs in Githurai trading centre, Nairobi

Proceeding on the basis of performance differences between male and female owned enterprises, the research analyzed the gender difference on entrepreneurial self-efficacy among Small and Medium Entrepreneurs at Githurai Trading Center, Nairobi Kenya. Descriptive survey design was adopted using structured questionnaires that were administered to a sample size of 150 respondents. Descriptive statistics and chi-Square statistical analysis methods used. Data from research indicate that men report significantly higher levels of entrepreneurial self-efficacy than women. The factors that determine gender differences on entrepreneurial self-efficacy among Small and Medium Entrepreneurs included believe in accomplishing difficult tasks; believe in important outcomes; believe in success overcoming of challenges confidence in effective performance in different tasks. Findings show that variances in entrepreneur’s competences reflect on gender differences in entrepreneurial self-efficacy explain the performance differences between male and female owned firms as males who believe they can obtain important business outcomes also recorded higher growth margin than their female counterparts. Since self-efficacy is closely related to self-beliefs about personal capabilities and the need to be motivated to act, entrepreneurs must perceive themselves as capable and have the positive attitude to succeed, female entrepreneurs are recommended to focus on improving their self-belief, belief in ability to influence achievement of goals, which are important achievement of enhanced entrepreneurship actions. Variations in marketing and management competences between males and females calls for the female entrepreneur to adopt strategic business skills improvement programs.
Control mechanisms for physiological hypertrophy of pregnancy.

BACKGROUND Pregnancy represents an excellent model of acute physiological hypertrophy and atrophy secondary to a transient hemodynamic load. This investigation examined the effects of pregnancy on ventricular mechanics using load-independent indexes of contractility to test the hypothesis that the cardiac trophic response functions as a servomechanism with wall stress as the feedback variable. METHODS AND RESULTS Serial studies were performed in 33 women at six time periods during and shortly after normal gestation. Changes in ventricular dimension, wall thickness, and left ventricular mass were parallel to changes in body size. Fractional shortening and velocity of shortening progressively diminished during pregnancy, with a nadir at the first postpartum examination, despite a progressive fall in afterload. Cardiac index rose rapidly in early gestation and remained elevated throughout pregnancy. Peak wall stress was elevated in early gestation coincident with the rapid rise in cardiac index due to elevated volume before compensatory rise in mass. With compensatory hypertrophy, peak wall stress normalized by midgestation. The change in left ventricular mass was closely related to peak wall stress but correlated poorly with mean, total, and end-systolic wall stress. CONCLUSIONS Normal pregnancy is associated with a reversible fall in contractility. Systolic function is preserved throughout most of pregnancy by a fall in afterload but decreases near term and early postpartum because of decreased contractility and diminished preload. Left ventricular hypertrophy and atrophy are temporally related to changes in hemodynamic load. The response is consistent with a tightly coupled servomechanism transduced by peak wall stress with a 1- to 4-week compensatory response time.
The origin of CEOs and its influence on microfinance performance and risk-taking

This study examines the relationships between the origin of chief executive officers (CEOs), and the performance and risk-taking levels of their companies. It is based on a sample of 353 microfinance institutions (MFIs) from 76 countries, with data covering the period 1996-2011. We use return on assets and operational costs as performance metrics, and the standard deviation of return on assets and operational costs as measures of risk. The results suggest that MFIs with an internally-recruited CEO achieve a significantly higher performance than MFIs with an externally-recruited CEO. More specifically, MFIs with an ‘insider CEO’ have a positive association with return on assets, but a negative association with operational costs. Moreover, internally-recruited CEOs appear to be associated with a lower level of risk. We believe that these results are important and have clear policy implications, in particular for an industry with such a thin labour market for CEOs and lack of managerial capacity. Our findings are consistent with the view that insider CEOs have firm-specific skills, experience and network resources that result in an enhanced MFIs performance and low-risk.
Self-medication of mental health problems: new evidence from a national survey.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between past 30-day use of alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs and past year unmet need for and use of mental health care. DATA SOURCE A subsample of 18,849 respondents from the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse and the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Subjects were between the ages of 18 and 65 years and had least one past year mental disorder symptom and no past year substance dependency. STUDY DESIGN Logistic regressions of past 30-day substance use on past 12-month unmet need for mental health care and past 12-month use of mental health services controlling for clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Predicted probabilities and corresponding standard errors are reported. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Use of illicit drugs other than marijuana increased with unmet need for mental health care (4.4 versus 3.2 percent, p=.046) but was not reduced with mental health-care use. Heavy alcohol use was not associated with increased unmet need for mental health care, but was higher among individuals with no mental health care use (4.4 percent versus 2.7 percent, p<.001). By contrast, marijuana use did not appear associated with either unmet need or mental health care use. CONCLUSIONS Substance use varies with past year unmet need for mental health care and mental health care use in ways consistent with the self-medication hypothesis. Results suggest that timely screening and treatment of mental health problems may prevent the development of substance-use disorders among those with mental disorders. Further research should identify subgroups of individuals for whom timely and appropriate mental health treatment would prevent the development of substance-use disorders.
Repeated Retention Testing Effects Do Not Generalize to a Contextual Interference Protocol

Three experiments examined repeated retention testing effects in a contextual interference (CI) protocol. Retention was assessed at 10 min and 24 hr following acquisition or at just 24-hr for the one-test conditions. Experiments 1 and 2 used speeded-response key-pressing tasks. Dependent measures were total time and errors. Experiment 3 used sequential-timing tasks. Dependent measures were absolute error and absolute constant error. Results revealed CI effects in each experiment. Repeated retention testing effects were not found in Experiments 1 and 3. Experiment 2 revealed superior performance by the two-test condition compared to the one-test condition. This result was qualified by possible practice effects during the 10-min test. It was concluded that repeated retention testing does not present problems for most studies of CI.
Pharmacokinetics of quercetin absorption from apples and onions in healthy humans.

A high-throughput method for the extraction and analysis of quercetin in human plasma using 96-well SPE and LC-(ESI)MS/MS (7 min/run) is described. Quercetin exists as a range of glycosides in foods. The dominant types of quercetin glycosides vary depending on genetics (i.e., species and cultivar). Dietary sources include onions and apples (i.e., the peel). Herein the quercetin glycoside composition was determined in a composite standard of dried apple peel and in onion powder. The predominant forms of quercetin in apple peel include quercetin O-arabinoside, 3-O-galactoside, 3-O-glucoside, and 3-O-rhamnoside. In the onion powder, quercetin occurred as the quercetin 3,4'-O-glucoside and 4'-O-glucoside. Pharmacokinetics relating to absorption (C(max), t(max), and AUC(0-24 h)) and elimination (k(el) and t(1/2)) were compared after the consumption of apple peel powder (AP), onion powder (OP), or a mixture of the apple peel and onion powder enriched applesauce (MP) by healthy volunteers (eight females and eight males). The enriched applesauce delivered ∼100 mg of quercetin aglycone equivalents. Consumption of the OP resulted in C(max) = 273.2 ± 93.7 ng/mL, t(max) = 2.0 ± 1.7 h, and t(1/2) = 14.8 ± 4.8 h, whereas the AP resulted in C(max) = 63.8 ± 22.4 ng/mL, t(max) = 2.9 ± 2.0 h, and t(1/2) = 65.4 ± 80.0 h. The MP resulted in an intermediate response with C(max) = 136.5 ± 45.8 ng/mL, t(max) = 2.4 ± 1.5 h, and t(1/2) = 18.7 ± 6.8 h. Consumption of the OP led to faster absorption, higher concentration, and greater bioavailability as compared to the AP. No significant gender-related differences were observed in the absorption of quercetin, whereas significant gender-related differences in the elimination half-time (t(1/2)) were observed.
Talent Retention in Metal Manufacturing Companies in India

The metal manufacturing sector is the industry where either ferrous or nonferrous metal is produced in high quantum to cater to an expanding market. These industries are typically located in remote areas, far from cities to minimize the effects of pollution in nearby living areas. With the support of the ‘Make in India' drive, India is on the way to becoming the hub for hi-tech manufacturing sectors, attracting global companies to set up manufacturing plants in India and consequently boosting the demand for talented workforce in the manufacturing sector. Due to the limited availability of talents, retaining talented employees have become increasingly challenging across all sectors. It has always been a challenge to retain talents in the manufacturing sector, particularly in metal manufacturing. Varieties of options are available for the talents in the present competitive market, e.g. e-commerce, software, financial sectors, etc. This study explores the gaps to retain talents in the metal sector. Case studies of three remotely-located metal manufacturing companies in India were selected and analyzed. Through a series of personal interviews, it is determined that the location of the company, compensation packages along with their township amenities are the most common factors in retaining talents.
The Musical Representation: Meaning, Ontology, and Emotion

How human musical experience emerges from the audition of organized tones is a riddle of long standing. In The Musical Representation, Charles Nussbaum offers a philosophical naturalist's solution. Nussbaum founds his naturalistic theory of musical representation on the collusion between the physics of sound and the organization of the human mind-brain. He argues that important varieties of experience afforded by Western tonal art music since 1650 arise through the feeling of tone, the sense of movement in musical space, cognition, emotional arousal, and the engagement, by way of specific emotional responses, of deeply rooted human ideals. Construing the art music of the modern West as representational, as a symbolic system that carries extramusical content, Nussbaum attempts to make normative principles of musical representation explicit and bring them into reflective equilibrium with the intuitions of competent listeners. The human mind-brain, writes Nussbaum, is a living record of its evolutionary history; relatively recent cognitive acquisitions derive from older representational functions of which we are hardly aware. Consideration of musical art can help bring to light the more ancient cognitive functions that underlie modern human cognition.
The myosin start‐of‐power stroke state and how actin binding drives the power stroke

We propose that on binding to actin at the start of the power stroke the myosin cross‐bridge takes on the rigor configuration at the actin interface. Starting from the prepower stroke state, this can be achieved by a small movement (16° rotation) of the lower 50K domain without twisting the central β‐sheet or opening switch‐1 or switch‐2. The movement of the lower 50K domain puts a strain on the W‐helix. This strain tries to twist the β‐sheet, which could drive the power stroke. This would provide a coupling between actin binding and the execution of the power stroke. During the power stroke the β‐sheet twists, moving the P‐loop away from switch‐2, which opens the nucleotide binding pocket and separates ADP from Pi. The power stroke is different from the recovery stroke because the upper and lower 50K domains are tethered in the rigor configuration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ghrelin receptor as a novel imaging target for prostatic neoplasms

Ghrelin is a natural growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) that is co‐expressed with its receptor GHSR in human prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Imaging probes that target receptors for ghrelin may delineate PCas from benign disease. The specificity of a novel ghrelin‐imaging probe for PCa over normal tissue or benign disease was assessed.
Locally Kernel-based Nonlinear Regression for Face Recognition

The variation of facial appearance due to the viewpoint or pose obviously degrades the accuracy of any face recognition systems. One solution is generating the virtual frontal view from any given non-frontal view to obtain a virtual gallery/probe face. As the state-of-the-art face recognition algorithm, linear regression computes a reconstruction matrix from the images of each subject and then approximates the probe face image by using the reconstruction matrix, but the performance of this linear algorithm is limited due to the nonlinear structure of the face images which is caused by variations in illumination, expression, pose and occlusion. Following this idea, in this paper, we propose an efficient and novel locally kernel-based nonlinear regression (LKNR) method, which generates the virtual frontal view from a given non-frontal face image. Because of the high (even infinite) dimensionality of the nonlinear transformation functions, it is infeasible to directly calculate the corresponding reconstruction matrix and therefore is unable to approximate explicitly the probe image. So, with the help of kernel functions, we overcome to this mentioned problem by embedding the nonlinear regression in the stage of computing the reconstruction matrix from the non-frontal input face and non-frontal face database. The comparison of the proposed method with locally linear regression (LLR) and eigen light-field (ELF) methods is also provided in terms of the face recognition accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms two other methods in terms of robustness and visual effects.