Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide association analysis of clinical vs. nonclinical origin provides insights into Saccharomyces cerevisiae pathogenesis

Because domesticated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains have been used to produce fermented food and beverages for centuries without apparent health implications, S. cerevisiae has always been considered a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) microorganism. However, the number of reported mucosal and systemic S. cerevisiae infections in the human population has increased and fatal infections have occurred even in relatively healthy individuals. In order to gain insight into the pathogenesis of S. cerevisiae and improve our understanding of the emergence of fungal pathogens, we performed a population‐based genome‐wide environmental association analysis of clinical vs. nonclinical origin in S. cerevisiae. Using tiling array‐based, high‐density genotypes of 44 clinical and 44 nonclinical S. cerevisiae strains from diverse geographical origins and source substrates, we identified several genetic loci associated with clinical background in S. cerevisiae. Associated polymorphisms within the coding sequences of VRP1, KIC1, SBE22 and PDR5, and the 5′ upstream region of YGR146C indicate the importance of pseudohyphal formation, robust cell wall maintenance and cellular detoxification for S. cerevisiae pathogenesis, and constitute good candidates for follow‐up verification of virulence and virulence‐related factors underlying the pathogenicity of S. cerevisiae.
Spatial Decay Bounds in Time Dependent Pipe Flow of an Incompressible Viscous Fluid

In this paper, the authors investigate the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid in a semi-infinite cylindrical pipe. If the net entrance flow is nonzero, then the fluid velocity will not tend to zero as the distance from the entrance end tends to infinity when the fluid adheres at the cylinder wall and the fluid is initially at rest. Assuming that the entrance velocity data are small enough and that the fluid flow converges to a laminar flow as the distance down the pipe tends to infinity, it is shown that the convergence in energy measure is at least exponential.
Gender differences in melanoma awareness and detection practices between middle-aged and older men with melanoma and their female spouses.

ulcer. Respondents with diabetes demonstrated a high rate of correct knowledge and attitudes regarding lower extremity skin care. Correct response rates exceeded 70% for all questions in these categories except for 2 items: twothirds of Latinos with diabetes felt they should soak their feet, and one-third agreed or strongly agreed that “It is too difficult to check my own feet” (Table 1). Correct practices did not fare as well as correct knowledge and attitudes. Only half of Latino respondents with diabetes reported that they inspected their feet every day for the last 7 days. Fewer than half reported daily inspection of their shoes. Only 60% stated that they washed their feet and dried between their toes daily during the previous week (Table 2). The number of years since diagnosis of diabetes was not correlated with any knowledge, attitude, or practice. Weak correlations existed between respondent characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and lower-extremity skin-care practices. The Cronbach for the survey as a whole was 0.74 (knowledge, 0.73; attitudes, 0.75; and practices, 0.80). Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.60 to 0.81. The survey took 5 to 10 minutes to complete.
Sedimentation rate in infected and uninfected total hip arthroplasty.

Deep infection around a total hip replacement can be disastrous. Hunter and Dandy,6 in a review of several papers, report an incidence of around 1%. The diagnosis of infection can be difficult, especially as organisms are not always grown from an obviously infected hip; nearly all patients are given antibiotics in an attempt to avert a revision ~ p e r a t i o n . ~ Although there will always be cases in which the presence of infection is doubtful, it is important to try to differentiate between aseptic mechanical loosening and that associated with infection. The sedimentation rate in patients with a proved infection is raised above normal. Some a u t h o r ~ ~ . ~ have suggested that it returns t o normal on removal or successful exchange of the prosthesis. Wroblewski’ followed the sedimentation rates of patients who had uncomplicated total hip arthroplasties for up to eight years with the intention of showing that methylmethacrylate had no effect on sedimentation rate. Carlsson,’ in comparing the postoperative sedimentation rates in patients with successful and infected total hip arthroplasties, suggested that the sedimentation rate in successful total hip arthroplasties returned to normal within three to six months after operation.
2 SocialImpact : Bring Order to Online Underground Social Dynamics

Existing research on net-centric attacks has focused on the detection of attack events on network side and the removal of rogue programs from client side. However, such approaches largely overlook the way on how attack tools and unwanted programs are developed and distributed. Recent studies in underground economy reveal that suspicious attackers heavily utilize online social networks to form special interest groups and distribute malicious code. Consequently, examining social dynamics, as a novel way to complement existing research efforts, is imperative to systematically identify attackers and tactically cope with net-centric threats. In this paper, we seek a way to understand and analyze social dynamics relevant to net-centric attacks and propose a suite of measures called SocialImpact for systematically discovering and mining adversarial evidence. We also demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of our approach by implementing a proof-of-concept prototype Cassandra with a case study on real-world data archived from the Internet.
Use of illicit drugs and erectile dysfunction medications and subsequent HIV infection among gay men in Sydney, Australia.

INTRODUCTION Use of illicit drugs and oral erectile dysfunction medications (OEM) have been associated with risk behavior among gay men. AIM To determine the effects of illicit drugs and OEM as risk factors for HIV seroconversion in a community-based cohort of HIV-negative homosexually active men in Sydney, Australia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Drug use in the previous 6 months and at the most recent sexual encounter; Most recent occasions of unprotected and protected anal intercourse; HIV-positive diagnosis. METHODS From June 2001 to June 2007, participants were followed up with 6-monthly detailed behavioral interviews and annual testing for HIV. Detailed information about sexual, drug-using and other behavior was collected. RESULTS Among 1,427 participants enrolled, 53 HIV seroconverters were identified by June 2007. At baseline, 62.7% reported using illicit drugs in the previous 6 months, including 10.7% who reported at least weekly use. Illicit drug use was associated with unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners (P < 0.001). Use of illicit drugs was associated with increased risk of HIV infection at a univariate level, and this risk increased with greater frequency of use. This was also true of the use of OEM. Use of each type of illicit drug was included in multivariate analysis, and after controlling for sexual risk behaviors, only use of OEM remained significantly predictive of HIV infection (Hazard ratios [HR] = 1.75, CI = 1.31-2.33, P < 0.001), although amyl nitrite was of borderline significance (HR = 1.26, CI = 0.98-1.62, P = 0.074). CONCLUSION The association between drug use and increased risk of HIV infection was strongest for drugs used specifically to enhance sexual pleasure, particularly OEM. The risk of infection was substantially increased when both OEM and methamphetamine were used. Within more "adventurous" gay community subcultures, the interconnectedness of sexual behavior and drug use may be key to understanding HIV risk and is an appropriate priority in HIV-prevention efforts in this population.
Effects of Upstream Diversion of Colorado River Water on the Estuarine Bivalve Mollusc Mulinia coloradoensis

Abstract: The Colorado River of the United States and Mexico is extensively dammed and diverted; only a fraction of its previous flow still reaches its estuary. How has the lack of freshwater inflow affected the estuary's biota? Because no prediversion studies are available for comparison, we examined the composition and geochemistry of subfossil shells dating from before the Colorado's diversion. The bivalve mollusc Mulinia coloradoensis was once the most abundant species of clam inhabiting the Colorado Delta. Today, however, only a small population survives near the mouth of the river. The relative abundance of empty shells of this species decreases with increasing distance from the mouth of the Colorado River, indicating that M. coloradoensis was dependent on the flow of the river. The δ18O values in shells of subfossil M. coloradoensis are significantly more negative than δ18O values in live‐collected shells of Chione fluctifraga, the most common bivalve living on the delta today. This indicates that M. coloradoensis lived in water lower in salinity than is now typical of the delta. The decline in abundance of M. coloradoensis is most likely due to the post–1930 decrease in flow of Colorado River water to its estuary. Paleontological and geochemical analyses of subfossils can provide environmental baselines for communities that existed prior to human alteration of the habitat.
Disjunct distributions during glacial and interglacial periods in mountain butterflies: Erebia epiphron as an example

Over several decades, the distribution patterns and evolution of alpine disjunct species has become an increasingly discussed subject. Large scale genetic analysis has allowed the resolution of the past range changes and intraspecific evolution of many species, in Europe especially of Mediterranean origin. However, the phylogeographic structures of species with arctic–alpine disjunct distribution patterns are relatively poorly studied. The existing phylogeographic analysis (mostly of alpine plant species) supports disjunct distributions during glacial as well as post‐glacial periods for a number of species. However, several questions still remain unresolved and we therefore analysed the Mountain Ringlet Erebia epiphron as a model for such alpine disjunct species. We found strong differentiation into five different lineages supporting five differentiation centres: (i) the eastern Pyrenees, (ii) the mountain ranges between the central Pyrenees and south‐western Alps, (iii, iv) two areas along the southern Alps margin and (v) the northern Alps margin. We propose that these patterns evolved due to the humidity requirements of this species, which did not allow survival in the dry glacial steppes, but along the margins of the wetter glaciated high mountain ranges.
Spawning biomass reference points for exploited marine fishes, incorporating taxonomic and body size information

Surplus production represents the processes that affect sustainable fishery harvest and is central to the ecology and management of marine fishes. Taxonomy and life history influence the ratio of spawning biomass at maximum sustain- able yield to average unfished spawning biomass (SBMSY/SB0), and estimating this ratio for individual stocks is notoriously difficult. We use a database of published landings data and stock assessment biomass estimates and determine that process errors predominate in this data set by fitting a state-space model to data from each stock individually. We then fit multi- species process-error models while treating SBMSY/SB0 as a random effect that varies by taxonomic order and maximum length. The estimated SBMSY/SB0 = 0.40 for all 147 stocks is intermediate between the values assumed by the Fox and the Schaefer models, although Clupeiformes and Perciformes have lower and Gadiformes and Scorpaeniformes have higher SBMSY/SB0 values. Model selection supports the hypothesis that large-bodied fishes for a given taxonomic order have rela- tively higher SBMSY/SB0. Results can be used to define reference points for data-poor fisheries or as input in emerging as- sessment methods. Resume : La production excedentaire represente les processus qui ont une incidence sur la recolte de poissons durable et est un element cle de l'ecologie et de la gestion des poissons marins. La taxonomie et le cycle biologique influencent le rap- port entre la biomasse feconde correspondant au rendement maximum durable et la biomasse feconde non exploitee moyenne (SBMSY/SB0), l'estimation de ce rapport pour des stocks donnes etant particulierement difficile. Nous utilisons une base de donnees sur les debarquements publiees et des estimations de la biomasse reposant sur des evaluations des stocks et determinons, en ajustant un modele d'espace d'etats aux donnees pour chaque stock pris individuellement, que les erreurs de traitement dominent dans cette base de donnees. Nous ajustons ensuite des modeles multi-especes d'erreur de traitement en traitant le rapport SBMSY/SB0 comme s'il s'agissait d'un effet aleatoire qui varie selon l'ordre taxonomique et la longueur maximum. La valeur de SBMSY/SB0 = 0,40 estimee pour les 147 stocks est intermediaire entre les valeurs implicites dans les modeles de Fox et de Schaefer, bien que les SBMSY/SB0 des Clupeiformes et les Perciformes soient plus faibles et ceux des Gadiformes et des Scorpaeniformes, plus grands. La selection de modele appuie l'hypothese voulant que les poissons a grands corps d'un ordre taxonomique donne presentent un SBMSY/SB0 relativement plus eleve. Ces resultats peuvent servir a definir des points de reference pour les peches pour lesquelles peu de donnees sont disponibles ou comme intrants pour de nouvelles methodes d'evaluation. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Microplastics in Seawater: Recommendations from the Marine Strategy Framework Directive Implementation Process

Microplastic litter is a pervasive pollutant present in marine systems across the globe. The legacy of microplastics pollution in the marine environment today may remain for years to come due to the persistence of these materials. Microplastics are emerging contaminants of potential concern and as yet there are few recognised approaches for monitoring. In 2008, the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) included microplastics as an aspect to be measured. Here we outline the approach as discussed by the European Union expert group on marine litter, the technical Subgroup on Marine litter (TSG-ML), with a focus on the implementation of monitoring microplastics in seawater in European seas. It is concluded that harmonization and coherence is needed to achieve reliable monitoring.
Ultrasound measurement of abdominal muscles during clinical isometric endurance tests in women with and without low back pain

ABSTRACT Purpose: The present study investigated group differences between the thickness changes of the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) muscles, during performance of the isometric supine chest raise and the supine double leg-straight leg raise tests in women with and without low back pain (LBP). Method: Twenty women with LBP and 20 women without LBP participated in this case-control study. The thickness of the right TrA, IO, and EO muscles was measured using B-mode ultrasound (US) at rest, immediately at the beginning of performing the tests and when participants in both groups self-reported fatigue. The percentage of change in thickness of the abdominal muscles from rest to the initiation and fatigue stages of both tests was measured. Results: The results indicate a statistically significant difference in the pattern of changes in deep (TrA) and superficial (EO) abdominal muscles thickness at the fatigue stage of the supine double straight-leg raise (SDSLR) test between groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups for the abdominal muscles thicknesses change at rest or during stages of the clinical isometric endurance tests (P > 0.05). Conclusions: An altered activation pattern in the deep (TrA) and superficial (EO) muscles of LBP participants during fatigue stage of the SDSLR test as compared to controls indicates motor control dysfunction in the LBP group. Comparison of the activity of TrA and EO muscles during fatigue stage of SDSLR test can be used to assess alterations in motor control of abdominal muscles.
Distribution of cholinergic vasomotor nerves to the parametrial arteries of some laboratory and domestic animals.

Summary. The histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing nerves has been determined in the parametrial arterial supplies of dog, cat, rat, rabbit, sheep, pig and cow. The main uterine arteries of dog and pig contained a plexus of nerves which stained for AChE and which were closely applied to the surface of the media. This plexus was absent from the secondary arterial branches. In contrast, the equivalent arteries of rat, cat, rabbit, sheep and cow were devoid of an AChE-positive nerve plexus. In the light of other evidence, it is suggested that the uterine hyper-aemia of pregnancy in dog and pig may be partly due to the action of cholinergic vasodilator nerves. Such a mechanism is unlikely to be involved in the other species examined.
Does social embeddedness influence union formation choices among the Turkish and Moroccan second generation in the Netherlands

So far, most studies have examined the role of peers in school achievement, language acquisition and ethnic identity of second-generation migrants.This paper contributes to the literature first of all by studying how non-family networks influence union formation decisions of the second generation. Secondly, making a distinction between types of contact adds a new perspective to the study of network influence on union formation whereby strong ties consist of close friends and weak ties of acquaintances. Thirdly, comparing the relative importance of non-co-ethnic networks among men and women of two ethnic groups that share broad cultural and social similarities reveals the importance of these networks for different origin groups. Finally, studying multiple aspects of union formation enables a better assessment of the importance of social embeddedness into non-co-ethnic networks for choices in the family domain. In this paper, four aspects of union formation are covered, namely the timing of first union, timing of the first marriage, the type of union that is chosen and the ethnic origin of the partner.
FAP-1 Association with Fas (Apo-1) Inhibits Fas Expression on the Cell Surface

ABSTRACT As revealed by intracellular pools of nonactive Fas (Apo-1), export of Fas to the cell surface is often impaired in human tumors, thereby inactivating Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that association with Fas-associated phosphatase 1 (FAP-1) attenuates Fas export to the cell surface. Forced expression of FAP-1 reduces cell surface Fas levels and increases the intracellular pool of Fas within the cytoskeleton network. Conversely, expression of dominant-negative forms of FAP-1, or inhibition of FAP-1 expression by short interfering RNA, efficiently up-regulates surface expression of Fas. Inhibition of Fas surface expression by FAP-1 depends on its association with the C terminus of Fas. Mutation within amino acid 275 results in decreased association with FAP-1 and greater export of Fas to the cell surface in melanomas, normal fibroblasts, or Fas null cells. Identifying the role of FAP-1 in binding to, and consequently inhibition of, Fas export to the cell surface provides novel insight into the mechanism underlying the regulation of Fas trafficking, which is commonly impaired in advanced tumors with FAP-1 overexpression.
Comparison of the oral health status and salivary flow rate of asthmatic patients with those of nonasthmatic adults – results of a pilot study

The oral health status and stimulated salivary flow rate of 33 adult asthmatic outpatients were compared with those of 33 nonasthmatic controls. The groups were matched by age and sex, and an adjustment for education was made in the statistical analysis. In the oral examination, a small difference in the prevalence of caries was observed when the sums of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMPT) were compared. The mean (SD) crude DMFT score was 20.1 (.5.8) in the asthma group and 18.4 (7.6) in the control group. A statistically significant difference was seen in the amount of periodontal inflammation and in the stimulated salivary flow rate between the groups. The mean (SD) crude periodontal status index (PSI) was 52.7% (23.8%) in the asthmatics and 37.1% (20.4%) in the controls. TTie 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the difference in adjusted means of PSI ranged from 0.1% to 21.9% (P=0.05). In the stimulated salivary flow rate, crude mean values were 1.0 (0.5) ml/min and 1.3 (0.5) ml/min. respectively, and the 95% CI for the difference was from 0.05 ml/min to 0.57 ml/min (P=0.01). Mucosal lesions in the oral cavity were found in 15 asthmatics (45%) and in eight controls (24%). In conclusion, the results of this study support the hypothesis that adult asthmatics have a higher risk of oral diseases than nonasthmatic subjects.
Husserl, perception, and temporal awareness

The interest of modern philosophers in the nature of perception has been motivated by this question: Does our perceptual experience provide rational justification of our empirical beliefs? The same question motivated Husserl's study of perception, and he answered it in the affirmative.This book clarifies Husserl's notion of perceptual experience as "immediate" or "direct" with respect to its purported object, and outlines his theory of evidence. In particular, it focuses on Husserl's account of our perceptual experience of time, an aspect of perception rarely noted in', recent philosophical literature, yet which must be taken into consideration if an adequate account of perception is to be provided. Perhaps equally important, there is a new wave of work in phenomenology (and intentionality), reflecting a synthesis of phenomenological and analytic philosophy, Miller's book is an important contribution to that "new wave," and has a significant bearing on contemporary issues in cognitive science.A Bradford Book.
Hypertensive eye ground changes. Prevalence, relation to blood pressure and prognostic importance. The study of men born in 1913.

ABSTRACT. As part of a prospective population study of cardiovascular disease, ophthalmoscopic examination was performed in 855 randomly selected 50-year-old men in 1963. The examination was repeated four years later, in 1967. On both occasions haemorrhages, exudates and papillary aedema were rarely seen. Attenuating arterioles, focal narrowing, crossing phenomena and broadened light reflex were all related to BP but attenuating arterioles and/or focal narrowing discriminated BP best. Isolated broadened reflex and/or crossing phenomena were not related to BP. The change in BP over four and ten years was the same in those who had and those who did not have hypertensive eye ground changes at the initial examination, indicating that eye ground changes do not precede hypertension. Mortality data and the morbidity in myocardial infarction and stroke were followed up until 1975. The importance of the separate eye ground variables for these mortality and morbidity end-points was analyzed, taking into account the importance of BP, serum cholesterol and smoking. Focal narrowings were of importance for mortality, regardless of its cause, for stroke and for death from malignancy. Crossing phenomena were of importance for mortality, regardless of cause, for fatal coronary heert disease, for stroke and for deaths other than cardiovascular and cancer deaths. The eye ground variables are thus of differing importance for different end-points. Grouping them as in Keith and Wagener's or other classification systems, means a loss of information and should be avoided.