Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Southwest Monsoon and the Relation to Fire Occurrence

In southeastern Arizona, a decline in climatological fire starts occurs in early July. This pattern is not as characteristically precipitous elsewhere in the southwestern United States (U.S.). The decline coincides with the arrival of the Southwest Monsoon, a seasonal climate feature impacting a large area of the southwestern U.S. Changes in atmospheric conditions resulting in conjunction with the monsoon could be some of the key mitigating factors. However, determining the extent of the monsoon’s role in fire occurrence has not been well quantified or documented in either the climate or fire communities. In addition to the complicated characteristics of the monsoon, one of the chief problematic issues in investigating the firemonsoon relationship is the interannual variability of both fire occurrence and the monsoon itself. The monsoon attributes of onset, strength and duration are not yet at a high degree of reliable predictability, in part because the monsoon’s mechanisms are not fully understood (e.g., Mitchell et al 2002). The ‘official’ definition of the onset from the Phoenix National Weather Service Forecast Office (NWSFO) in Phoenix, Arizona is a dew point of 55 degrees or higher for 3 consecutive days (http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/Phoenix/general/55degree/ index.html). There are other definitions, though unofficial, using atmospheric and non-atmospheric variables. Higgins et al. (1997) developed a gridded precipitation index for most of Arizona and western New Mexico using +0.5 mm precipitation per day for 3 consecutive days as the onset. A recent study by Mitchell et al. (2002) has quantitatively related seasurface temperatures in the Gulf of California to the onset, amount, and regional extent of monsoonal rainfall. A non-disputable outcome of a well-developed monsoon is an increase in atmospheric moisture for most areas of the southwestern U.S. Given the topographical and elevational differences, the degree of increase will vary from one area to the next. The climatological increase in atmospheric moisture for southeastern Arizona is graphically displayed in the time series shown in Figure 1. Superimposed with the dew point climatology is the corresponding fire start (both human and lightning caused) time series. The curves imply an inverse relationship between dew point and fire occurrence starting around July 7th. This date is the average onset as defined by Phoenix NWSFO. These intriguing curves lead to the question: Is there a relationship between decreasing fires and increasing moisture associated with the onset of the Southwest Monsoon? A superficial glance at these synchronized climatologies would certainly suggest this could be true, but individual years’ fire and dew point patterns often reveal an inconsistency to this climatological pattern. Undoubtedly, the interannual variability of these two variables will complicate the comprehensive picture.
A REVIEW ON SARACA INDICA PLANT

Saraca indica is an important indigenous plant with lots of traditional importance belonging to the family caesalpinaceae. These are the wo nderful herb that claims to cure several diseases according to ayurvedic medicine. It mainly contains glycosides, tannin, saponin, flavonoids, and sterol. It posseses various activities such as analgesic, antipyretic, fungitoxic, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, larvicidal activity, antim icrobial activity, CNS depressant activity, Antiulcer activity, anti - inflammatory activity etc. This review contains pharmacognostic study of various parts of plant, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of various parts of plant. Keywo rd: Glycosides, larvicidal, Tannin.
Fungi Isolated from Spoiled Bean Sprouts in Japan

The morphology of 18 and seven species of fungi isolated from spoiled bean sprouts of Vigna spp. and soybean in Japan were respectively described, and DNA barcode markers of most isolates were sequenced to confirm the morphological identification. Fifteen and five species were isolated for the first time from Vigna spp. and soybean sprouts, including their ingredient grains, respectively. Globisporangium ultimum var. ultimum was newly recorded from the mung bean and most isolated fungi seemed to originate from the grains. Approximately 70% of isolates are recognized as plant pathogens and at least 14 species are known to be seed-borne. Inoculation experiments with representative strains of each species are needed to estimate the risks to bean sprout production and crop protection. Some strains of Fusarium graminearum isolated from the soybean were already reported as producing high concentrations of deoxynivalenol. Aspergillus flavus, which was found in mung bean sprouts, is a well-known aflatoxin producer. The ingredient grains should be imported after complete sterilization to avoid hazards; not only to bean sprout production but to human health. The effects of previously used sterilization techniques should be re-examined with the strains of various fungi isolated in this study to make them more practical. Discipline: Food Additional key words: black matpe, fungal carrier, identification, mung bean, soybean
Online Social Media and Political Awareness in Authoritarian Regimes

Do online social media undermine authoritarianism? The conditions under which online social networks can increase public awareness of electoral fraud in non-democracies are examined in this article and it is argued that a given online social network will only increase political awareness if it is first politicized by elites. Survey data from the 2011 Russian parliamentary elections show that usage of Twitter and Facebook, which were politicized by opposition elites, significantly increased respondents’ perceptions of electoral fraud, while usage of Russia's domestic social networking platforms, VKontakte and Odnoklassniki, which were not politicized by opposition activists, had no effect on perceptions of fraud. This study elucidates the causes of post-election protest by uncovering a mechanism through which knowledge of electoral fraud spreads.
Governing policy evaluation? Towards a new typology

As policy evaluation matures, thoughts are turning to its governance. However, few scholars have combined insights from the evaluation and governance literatures to shed new light on this matter. In order to address this important gap, this article develops a new typology of ways to comprehend and perhaps ultimately govern ex-post policy evaluation activities. The article then explores its validity in the context of climate policy evaluation activities, a vibrant policy area in which the demand for and practices of evaluation have grown fast, particularly in Europe. The analysis reveals that the typology usefully guides new thinking, but also highlights important gaps in our empirical knowledge of the various modes of governing policy evaluation. The article identifies a need for a new research agenda that simultaneously develops a fuller understanding of these evaluation practices and the options for governing them.
Title Quadratic alternating direction implicit iteration for the fastsolution of algebraic Riccati equations

Algebraic Riccati equations (AREs) spread over many branches of signal processing and system design problems. Solution of large scale AREs, however, can be computationally prohibitive. This paper introduces a novel second order extension to the alternating direction implicit (ADI) iteration, called quadratic ADI or QADI, for the efficient solution of an ARE. QADI is simple to code and exhibits fast convergence. A Cholesky factor variant of QADI, called CFQADI, further accelerates computation by exploiting low rank matrices commonly found in physical system modeling. Application examples show remarkable efficiency and scalability of the QADI algorithms over conventional ARE solvers.
Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies

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Physicochemical properties of peels of plum and nectarine 'Nacional' and grape 'Rubi'

This work aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and nutritional properties of peels of plum ‘Nacional’, nectarine ‘Nacional’ and grape ‘Rubi’, in order to disclose the importance of consuming fruits without removing their peels. Therefore, the evaluated fruits were acquired in local commerce in Maringa. Once taken to the laboratory, the fruits were washed, peeled and their fresh peel wasanalyzed as for moisture, ashes, total titratable acidity, proteins, vitamin C, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, anthocyanins and color characterization. It has been observed that all studied peels had relevant physicochemical composition; however, the quantity of analyzed compounds was different in each case. Given the obtained characterization, the fresh fruit peels analyzed in this work can be considered as good sources of compounds that are indispensable to healthy feeding habits, thus, their consumption should be stimulated.
Molecular and cellular pharmacology 2-Methoxyestradiol binding of GPR 30 down-regulates angiotensin AT 1 receptor

Controlling angiotensin AT1 receptor function has been shown to be protective for many pathophysiological disorders. Although estrogen metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) can down-regulate angiotensin AT1 receptor expression independently of nuclear receptors, no specific cellular targets have been identified. This study was focused on identification and validation of a cellular target responsible for 2ME2-mediated angiotensin AT1 receptor down-regulation in a continuously passaged rat liver epithelial cell line. Cell membranes were isolated and used to determine 2ME2 specific binding. Cell membranes exposed to [H]2ME2 showed specific saturable binding, which was found to be pertussis toxin (PTx) sensitive. Under similar conditions, G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) agonist (G1) and antagonist (G15) inhibited 2ME2 specific binding. In these cells GPR30 was found localized to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. In intact cells, G1 down-regulated angiotensin AT1 receptor expression and this effect was reversed by G15. Furthermore, 2ME2 mediated activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) followed by ERK1/2 phosphorylation, an essential signaling step in angiotensin AT1 receptor down-regulation, was abrogated by G15, suggesting that this signal is GPR30 dependent. Additionally, EGF was found to independently down-regulate angiotensin AT1 receptor in an ERK1/2dependent manner. In summary, our results demonstrate for the first time that 2ME2 down-regulation of angiotensin AT1 receptor is dependent on ER membrane-associated GRP30. Moreover, this effect is facilitated by GPR30 dependent transactivation of EGFR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. This study provides further understanding of the physiological significance of 2ME2 and its role in modulating angiotensin AT1 receptor expression. & 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Hugo Who? G. F. Arnold's Alternative Early Approach to Psychology and Law

Hugo Munsterberg is widely regarded as the founder of the discipline of psychology and law, and the publication of his book On the Witness Stand (1908) is considered the signal event in its founding. However, numerous other researchers were conducting and publishing research on psycholegal topics in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and at least one other book on psychology and law--G. F. Arnold's Psychology Applied to Legal Evidence and Other Constructions of Law (1906)--appeared prior to the publication of Munsterberg's work. The present paper contrasts these two seminal publications, focussing on their relevance to the 'basic-versus-applied' debate in contemporary eyewitness memory research and exploring reasons why Munsterberg has been so influential while Arnold has been largely ignored. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
knowledge from the Encyclopédie to Web 2 . 0 Renvois of the past , present and future : hyperlinks and the structuring of

This article provides a ‘long history’ of the renvois, an 18thcentury antecedent of hyperlinked text featured prominently in Denis Diderot’s Encyclopédie (1791). It describes the emergence of renvois in the encyclopedias of early modern Europe, traces its expansion over the course of the 20th century through the work of such pioneers as Vannevar Bush,Ted Nelson and Tim BernersLee, and looks forward to the potential of renvois as a key component of the semantic web and the growing use of folksonomies online.The article reveals how the use of renvois – both in the 18th century and today – leads to unsettling juxtapositions, contradictions and unexpected meanings, allowing readers to relinquish their position as passive receivers of preorganized information, to subvert traditional knowledge structures and hierarchies, and to become active and integral participants in the production of knowledge.
Child Neuropsychology : A Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence

Higher Order Factor Structure of the WISC-IV in a Clinical Neuropsychological Sample Doug Bodin a , Dustin A. Pardini b , Thomas G. Burns c & Abigail B. Stevens c a Department of Psychology , Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio, USA b University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA c Department of Neuropsychology , Children's Healthcare of Atlanta , Atlanta, Georgia, USA Published online: 18 Aug 2009.
Giulia Escobar Inhibits Breast Cancer Progression Delivery α Genetic Engineering of Hematopoiesis for Targeted IFN -

, 217ra3 (2014); 6 Sci Transl Med et al. Giulia Escobar Inhibits Breast Cancer Progression Delivery α Genetic Engineering of Hematopoiesis for Targeted IFNEditor's Summary autologous model of breast cancer, effectively reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. repopulate NSG mice. What's more, these cells inhibit tumor progression and experimental metastasis in an is expressed in the less differentiated cells. However, here, the HSCs engraft and α repopulation is inhibited if IFNdifferentiated monocytes. They then tested their cells in human hematochimeric mice. HSC engraftment and expression to α transgene into HSCs, but restrict IFNα macrophages. The authors developed a way to insert an IFNinto tumor-infiltrating α attempt to overcome this immunosuppression by introducing IFNet al. Now, Escobar one way to modulate the immune response in the tumor microenvironment. tumor immunity, but systemic toxicity has limited their use. Genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment. Type I interferons (IFNs) have been shown to promote Tumor immunotherapy is a promising new strategy for cancer treatment but is somewhat limited by the Toasting Tumor Immunotherapy
2 Hypertension February 2018 Physiological and Pathological Regulation of Adrenal Cell Aldosterone Production

Aldosterone, the primary mineralocorticoid, is synthesized in the outer zone of the adrenal cortex called the zona glomerulosa (ZG). The production of aldosterone is tightly regulated by angiotensin II (Ang II) and circulating potassium levels. Physiologically, aldosterone plays a key role in the maintenance of intravascular volume and blood pressure through sodium retention in the kidney. Excess aldosterone causes hypertension and induces cardiovascular complications. The autonomous secretion of aldosterone, independent of Ang II and sodium status, is known as primary aldosteronism (PA). PA is the most common cause of endocrine-related hypertension with a prevalence of 5% to 10% in hypertensive population and ≈20% in resistant hypertension. Because of the increased risk for cardiovascular complications in patients with PA, early detection of the disease and targeted treatment is recommended. The molecular pathogenesis of PA was largely unknown until recently. The development of specific antibodies against aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), which is required for the final steps of aldosterone production, has allowed the detection of aldosterone-producing cells in resected adrenals. Using these antibodies, non-neoplastic foci of CYP11B2expressing cells called aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCC) have been identified in adrenal tissues adjacent to aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) and in normal human adrenal glands without tumor or hyperplasia. Studies have shown that APCC are a common occurrence in normal human adrenals. Because circulating renin and Ang II levels are suppressed in patients with PA, the observation of APCC adjacent to APA suggested that APCC may represent a source of autonomous and renin-independent aldosterone secretion, perhaps even a precursor to APA. Over the past 6 years, somatic and germline mutations that cause inappropriate aldosterone production have been identified in patients with PA. Most of the mutations cause increased intracellular calcium (Ca) levels, resulting in activated CYP11B2 transcription and elevation of aldosterone production. These somatic mutations have also been observed in APCC in normal adrenal glands. Recent histopathologic studies demonstrated that older age is associated with greater adrenal APCC content and a concomitant biochemical phenotype that supports progressive autonomous aldosteronism. These findings provide a possible link between age-related histological changes in adrenal CYP11B2 expression and age-related physiological changes in aldosterone secretion. In this review, we cover recent topics on physiology and dysregulation of aldosterone production and discuss potential age-related effects on the aldosterone and adrenal physiology.
C Body composition and bone mineral density after ovarian hormone

Received Oct From the Di University of C of Endocrinol University of C ment of Biost Medical Camp University of W.M. K. , J.M. A.S. conducte W.M. K. , K.L. K.M. G. , and W K.M. G. , M.E. Funding/suppo Health grants HD073063, an Financial disc Address corre Colorado Ans Avenue, Auro Objective: Suppression of ovarian hormones in premenopausal women on gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHAG) therapy can cause fat mass (FM) gain and fat-free mass (FFM) loss. Whether this is specifically caused by a decline in serum estradiol (E2) is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effects of GnRHAG with placebo (PL) or E2 add-back therapy on FM, FFM, and bone mineral density (BMD). Our exploratory aim was to evaluate the effects of resistance exercise training on body composition during the drug intervention. Methods: Seventy healthy premenopausal women underwent 5 months of GnRHAG therapy and were randomized to receive transdermal E2 (GnRHAG + E2, n = 35) or PL (GnRHAG + PL, n = 35) add-back therapy. As part of our exploratory aim to evaluate whether exercise can minimize the effects of hormone suppression, some women within each drug arm were randomized to undergo a resistance exercise program (GnRHAG + E2 + Ex, n = 12; GnRHAG + PL + Ex, n = 12). Results: The groups did not differ in mean (SD) age (36 [8] and 35 [9] y) or mean (SD) body mass index (both 28 [6] kg/m). FFM declined in response to GnRHAG + PL (mean, 0.6 kg; 95% CI, 1.0 to 0.3) but not in response to GnRHAG + E2 (mean, 0.3 kg; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.8) or GnRHAG + PL + Ex (mean, 0.1 kg; 95% CI, 0.6 to 0.7). Although FM did not change in either group, visceral fat area increased in response to GnRHAG + PL but not in response to GnRHAG + E2. GnRHAG + PL induced a decrease in BMD at the lumbar spine and proximal femur that was prevented by E2. Preliminary data suggest that exercise may have favorable effects on FM, FFM, and hip BMD. Conclusions: Suppression of ovarian E2 results in loss of bone and FFM and expansion of abdominal adipose depots. Failure of hormone suppression to increase total FM conflicts with previous studies of the effects of GnRHAG. Further research is necessary to understand the role of estrogen in energy balance regulation and fat distribution.
Party Funding: Back to Square One (and a Half), or Every Cloud Has a Silver Lining?

Introduction On 30 th October 2007, Sir Hayden Phillips announced that the inter-party talks on party funding, which had been established following his report in March of the same year, had been suspended. At the time, it appeared that barring another party funding ‘episode’, the attempt to broker consensus on broad reform in party funding had failed. In effect, it meant that we were effectively back to the position that had existed prior to the ‘loans for peerages’ episode in 2006 on the vexed question of party funding reform. True, there had been some change (initiated by the government in the immediate wake of the ‘loans for peerages’ stories) and in the Queen’s speech at the commencement of the current session, there was an indication that legislation in this field may be pursued. But the shape of proposals was unclear, and any reforms were unlikely to be as comprehensive as those proposed by the Phillips report. However, in late November 2007, it emerged that Labour had been receipt of over £600,000 in donations via intermediaries. If this were proven, it would be a clear breach of the Political Parties, Elections & Referendums Act 2000 (PPERA). The initial consequence was the swift resignation of Labour’s General Secretary and within days, the Electoral Commission had passed the matter over to the Police. At the time of writing (early December 2007), the outcome of that investigation is not known, but in the light of this episode, the Prime Minister has indicated that further reforms in party funding will take place. If reforms do go through, the unfortunate cloud of November 2007 may have a silver lining for those seeking reform. If the government fails to introduce reform, we will effectively be back to square one.