Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny of the critically endangered North American spinymussels (Unionidae: Elliptio and Pleurobema)

Lateral spines are uncommon among freshwater bivalves. The North American freshwater mussel fauna includes three taxa that exhibit spines: Elliptio spinosa, Elliptio steinstansana, and Pleurobema collina. All three taxa are endemic to the Southeastern US, and critically endangered. Currently, these species are recognized in two genera and are a source of taxonomic confusion within the unionid tribe Pleurobemini (Elliptio and Pleurobema). Because freshwater mussels exhibit phenotypically plastic shell morphology, morphologically-based diagnoses are problematic. I sequenced two mtDNA gene fragments and a fragment of the nuclear ITS-1 locus from >70 spinymussel specimens. Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions suggest that the spinymussels do not comprise a monophyletic group. Elliptio steinstansana is sister to P. collina and these taxa form a monophyletic clade that possibly diverged from its nearest ancestor in the late Miocene. Additionally, E. spinosa forms a monophyletic clade that diverged from members of the core Elliptio lineage in the mid Pliocene, >1.5 million years before multiple radiations within the Elliptio clade. Furthermore, E. spinosa is divergent from the other spinymussels, suggesting that spines have evolved separately in two distinct bivalve lineages endemic to this region. These findings suggest a need to revise the taxonomy of this highly imperiled mussel group.
The incidence of nursing students’ perceived stress and burnout levels at a private university in California

Background and objective: Historically, there has been a paucity of research regarding stress and burnout in nursing students. However, during the past five years research focusing on the predictors associated with stress and burnout has been conducted. Continued research contributions to the nursing education literature are necessary due to the current 70% nursing burnout rate. The aim of this study was to explore undergraduate and graduate nursing students’ perceived stress and burnout in order to design a future intervention study.Methods: Pollock’s Nursing Adaptation Model served as a conceptual framework. Correlational descriptive non-interventional survey design was used to gather data from consented participants (N = 217). The Perceived Stress Scale and Maslach’s Burnout Inventory were provided. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple comparison t-tests (Tukey’s adjustment). Results: Students who spent more time per week on homework and studying for exams tended to be more stressed and cynical. Students enrolled in graduate level courses tended to be more cynical and exhausted. Undergraduate students demonstrated a stronger sense of professional efficacy. Students who spent less than five hours studying for exams per week reported more exhaustion, suggesting external factors may be influential. Certain recreational activities were found to be related to stress, cynicism and exhaustion levels, suggesting students with a recreational outlet may be better able to cope. Significant associations between students’ hours spent on academic work and family circumstances may provide an explanation of academic pressures.Conclusions: Our findings highlight nursing students having significantly higher stress and cynicism levels associated with the amount of homework and study hours for exams per week. Furthermore, students studying less reported being more exhausted. Collaboratively, nurse educators and students are wise to develop healthy interventions to enhance students’ health and learning. Reportedly, healthcare providers are experiencing burnout and unhealthy stress-coping behaviors. Educators are in a position to role model and educate healthy lifestyle choices.
Fremont mandarin: Fruit with a long shelf life for the fresh fruit market

The goals of the present study were to identify resistant mandarin varieties with potential for the fresh fruit market that could enable an extension of the harvesting season and to develop appropriate methods to maintain fruit quality for longer storage periods. Fremont mandarin fruits were harvested at optimum maturity and stored with and without wax coating under different storage conditions: ambient (21 ± 2°C and 60 ± 5% relative humidity (R.H.)) and under refrigeration (8 ± 2°C and 90 ± 5% R.H.). Fruit physicochemical characteristics and acceptability and purchase intention, which were assessed through sensory analysis, were evaluated weekly. Mass loss was higher for fruits stored at ambient temperature. The soluble solids concentrations of fruits stored under refrigeration remained similar to the values measured at harvest. Fruits stored under refrigeration exhibited slightly higher gloss and color than fruits stored at ambient temperature. Wax-coated fruits exhibited lower mass loss and higher gloss and color than uncoated fruits. Similar results were observed for the sensory analysis: wax-coated fruits stored under refrigeration were better rated by panelists until the final evaluation (day 35 after the beginning of storage). Purchase intention was higher for fruits stored under refrigeration than at ambient temperature. It is concluded that uncoated fruits stored at ambient temperature exhibit a tendency to lose quality, which confirms the need for refrigeration and wax coating for post-harvest preservation of fresh citrus fruits. However, the physicochemical and sensory qualities of Fremont mandarins stored under refrigeration for 30 to 35 days are accepted by consumers. Key words: Citrus spp. , preservation, refrigerated storage, sensory analysis, post-harvest.
New perspectives on the synoptic development of the severe October 1992 Nome storm

Understanding the characteristics of storms that impact the Alaska region is of importance to emergency planning. The 5–7 October 1992 storm was a severe event which cost Nome, a town in Alaska, $6 million dollars. We will explore its characteristics with the aid of two established cyclone tracking schemes: the NOAA CPC current operational algorithm and the University of Melbourne algorithm. Manual tracking was performed as a control. The essential features are captured by both algorithms, but they differ in the genesis and lysis location. The NOAA algorithm broke the storm into two separate events. Synoptic development of the storm was influenced by a blocking high that affected how the tracking algorithms handled the event. A synoptic re‐examination of this storm is presented in terms of the depth, Laplacian and radius of the system. These new results present a fresh perspective on the intensity and longevity of this dramatic storm.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior Role in Mediating the Effect of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance: Studies in PT Bank Syariah Mandiri Malang East Java

This study aimed to determine Organizational Citizenship behavior (OCB) role to mediate effect of transformational leadership and job satisfaction on employee performance. This Study is conducted at Bank Syariah Mandiri in Malang. Populations are 155 full time employees of Bank Syariah Mandiri in Malang. The research samples are 61 employees, selected by proportional random sampling. Data are collected directly from respondents with questionnaire. It is an explanatory research. Data analysis technique used is Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA). Results prove transformational leadership does not affect on OCB, OCB affects directly on employee performance, transformational leadership affects directly on employee performance, job satisfaction affects directly on employee performance, OCB does not mediate the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance, OCB mediates effect of job satisfaction on employee performance. Based on these results, it can be interpreted that transformational leadership, job satisfaction and OCB is valuable component of an organization. This component can become a core competency to improve organizational performance. It is a source of organizational competitive advantage to face rapid business environment change.
Response of some Iranian wheat genotypes to anther culture system

The response of five Iranian wheat cultivars and four segregating F3 wheat lines was investigated in anther culture system for haploid plantlet regeneration. Anthers were plated onto P4 induction medium and cold and gamma irradiation were also applied to study their effect on initiation of calli and regeneration of plantlets. Significant differences were found between genotypes. Most of the segregating lines showed high response to anther culture than cultivars. The high calli and plantlets production in segregating lines may be attributed to heterosis effect. Gamma irradiation in wheat anther culture does not promote anther culture response. The results showed significant difference between genotypes and gamma irradiation. The line of F32005 with 4 Gy dose (without cold pretreatment) produced the highest amount of calli (52%) per 100 anthers inoculated, whereas Red-Bofgi genotype (with cold treatment and 4 Gy dose) produced the lowest percentage of calli (0.25%). The results indicated that both the androgenic response and regeneration ability were greatly genotype dependent. It could be concluded that genotypic response to anther culture is vital.
Moose damage in National Forest Inventories (1986-2008) in Finland

The occurrence of moose damage was studied using data from three National Forest Inventories (NFIs) accomplished between 1986 and 2008 in Finland. The combined data included a total of 97 390 young stands. The proportion of moose damage increased from 3.6% to 8.6% between the 8th NFI (1986–1994) and the 10th NFI (2004–2008). The majority (75%) of the damage occurred in Scots pine-dominated stands. The proportion of damage was higher in aspen-dominated stands than in stands dominated by any other tree species. The tree species mixture also had a clear effect on the occurrence of damage. Pure Scots pine stands had less damage than mixed Scots pine stands, and moose damage decreased linearly with the increasing proportion of Scots pine. Stands on mineral soil had more frequent moose damage than stands on peatlands. The fertility class of the site had no straightforward effect on the damage frequency. Artificially regenerated stands had more damage than naturally regenerated stands. Accomplished soil preparation measures and the need for thinning or clearing operations increased moose damage. High proportions of moose damage in young stands were found around the country. In the 10th NFI, the largest concentration of damage was found in southwestern Finland. Our study shows the temporal and spatial changes in the occurrence of moose damage and pinpoints some important silvicultural factors affecting the relative risk of young stands over a large geographical area.
On the consistency of twisted generalized Weyl algebras

A twisted generalized Weyl algebra A of degree n depends on a base algebra R, n commuting automorphisms s_i of R, n central elements t_i of R and on some additional scalar parameters. In a paper by V.Mazorchuk and L.Turowska (1999) it is claimed that certain consistency conditions for s_i and t_i are sufficient for the algebra to be nontrivial. However, in this paper we give an example which shows that this is false. We also correct the statement by finding a new set of consistency conditions and prove that the old and new conditions together are necessary and sufficient for the base algebra R to map injectively into A. In particular they are sufficient for the algebra A to be nontrivial. We speculate that these consistency relations may play a role in other areas of mathematics, analogous to the role played by the Yang-Baxter equation in the theory of integrable systems.
Primeness and sums of tangles

We consider knots and links obtained by summing a rational tangle and a prime tangle. For a given prime tangle, we show that there are at most three rational tangles that will induce a composite or splittable link. In fact, we show that there is at most one rational tangle that will give a splittable link. These results extend Scharlemann's work.
Low temperature mechanical dissipation of an ion-beam sputtered silica film

Thermal noise arising from mechanical dissipation in oxide mirror coatings is an important limit to the sensitivity of future gravitational wave detectors, optical atomic clocks and other precision measurement systems. Here, we present measurements of the temperature dependence of the mechanical dissipation of an ion-beam sputtered silica film between 10 and 300 K. A dissipation peak was observed at 20 K and the low temperature dissipation was found to have significantly different characteristics than observed for bulk silica and silica films deposited by alternative techniques. These results are important for better understanding the underlying mechanisms of mechanical dissipation, and thus thermal noise, in the most commonly-used reflective coatings for precision measurements.
Light Panels Based on Expanded Perlite, Application as Adsorbers and Insulator against Rapid Evaporation in Subsaharien Countries

Our project concentrates on manufacture of light panels based on available natural materials (expanded perlite, sawdust and refuse of wood, vegetable coal.) mixed with a natural resin not toxic (resin of the pine). The manufacturing process permits to carry out panel’s low thickness and in various colors which give an aesthetic aspect for waste water treatment plants while preventing the emanation of the nauseous odors coming from the anaerobic metabolism of the organic matter present in the liquid effluents. Panels are also a suitable solution against rapid evaporation of stored rain fed water into lakes and dams. The particularities of these panels are especially: Lower density than water’s one, provide big capacity of adsorption for the organic gas matter, composite material acts like filter in which organic gases are photo oxidized with dioxide titanium involved in the composite material and these composite materials are insulators of basins against solar heating and consequently fast evaporation.
Exploring the Potential Distinction Between Continuous Traumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Stress in an East African Refugee Sample

Posttraumatic stress (PTS) indicates a continuous stress response that persists though threats to life had been experienced in the past. However, threats to life are frequently ongoing. For these contexts, the concept of continuous traumatic stress (CTS) has been put forward. Based on structured clinical interviews with Congolese refugees (N = 226), this study investigated the CTS concept and whether it can be distinguished from PTS. We found that current exposure to violence correlated positively with concerns about its recurrence in the CTS group (r = .46). An ANCOVA indicated that higher intrusion symptom severity in the PTS group (no symptom reduction under safe conditions) was explained by higher lifetime trauma exposure (η2 = .125). In contexts of continuous trauma exposure, symptom-like responses may be regarded as appropriate responses to realistic danger. In these contexts, the possibility that symptom changes are a response to real threats should be considered to avoid overestimation of PTSD prevalences.
Crown architecture and its role in species interactions in mixed boreal forests

The species specific growth patterns make plastic crown architecture respond in different manner to different environments modifying their influence to neighbours. The main aims of this thesis were to separate the effect of neighbour species identity from the abundance, size and proximity of the neighbours in between-tree competition and to link crown architecture with hydraulic architecture by identifying the associated within-tree variation of crown traits. The empirical part of the work was based on digitising three-dimensional (3D) crown architecture and measuring xylem anatomy. Digitising allowed the development of crown architecture models for Betula pendula (Roth.) and Pinus sylvestris (L.). The models were further applied to simulate light transmission in mixed stands. Crown architecture of the studied species responded to increased competition intensity primarily by reducing branch number and size. Proportional biomass distribution to foliage and main branches over the stem increased in young B. pendula with increasing competition intensity, whereas Pinus sylvestris used the opposite strategy. In addition to competition intensity, crown architecture of the studied species showed plastic responses to the species identity of neighbouring trees. Lower overall growth but added height growth indicating stronger competition was found in mixtures of B. pendula and Pinus sylvestris when a tree was surrounded by interspecific neighbours compared to trees surrounded by intraspecific neighbours. Both species-specific effects on resource gradients and nonresource signals remain plausible explanations for this result: B. pendula transmitted more light than Pinus sylvestris at simulated dense stands. Hydraulic architecture was shown to be interlinked with crown architecture as the conduit diameter varied as a function of tree compartment, branching hierarchy, leaf area and distance from the apex. The results suggest that the use of detailed tree structure models and species-specific competition analysis is useful in predicting and understanding growth in mixed boreal stands.
Determinants of drink-driving and association between drink-driving and road traffic fatalities in Ghana

Damsere-Derry, J., Afukaar, F. , Palk, G. , & King, M. (2014). Determinants of drink-driving and association between drink-driving and road traffic fatalities in Ghana. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3 (2), 135-141. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i2. 135 Aims: The objective is to establish determinants of drink-driving and its association with traffic crashes in Ghana. Methods: A multivariable logistic regression was used to establish significant determinants of drink-driving, and a bivariate logistic regression to establish the association between drink-driving and road traffic crashes in Ghana. Results: In total, 2,736 motorists were randomly stopped for breath testing, of whom 8.7% tested positive for alcohol. Among the total participants, 5.5% exceeded the legal BAC limit of 0.08%. Formal education is associated with a reduced likelihood of drink-driving compared with drivers without formal education. The propensity to drink-drive is 1.8 times higher among illiterate drivers than it is among drivers with basic education. Young adult drivers also recorded elevated likelihoods for driving under alcohol impairment, compared with adult drivers. The odds of drink-driving among truck drivers is OR = 1.81 (95% CI = 1.16 to 2.82) and two-wheeler riders is OR = 1.41 (95% CI = 0.47 to 4.28) compared with car drivers. Contrary to general perception, commercial car drivers have a significant reduced likelihood of 41%, OR = 0.59 (95% CI = 0.38 to 0.92) compared with private car drivers. Bivariate analysis conducted showed a significant association between the proportion of drivers exceeding the legal BAC limit and road traffic fatalities ( p < 0.001). The model predicts that a 1% increase in the proportion of drivers exceeding the legal BAC will be associated with a 4% increase in road traffic fatalities (95% CI = 3% to 5%) and vice versa. Conclusions: A positive and significant association between roadside alcohol prevalence and road traffic fatality has been established. Scaling up roadside breath tests, determining standard drink (e.g., any drink which contains about 10 grams of absolute alcohol) and disseminating this information to the populace, and formulating policies targeting youth (such as increasing minimum legal drinking age and reducing the legal BAC limit for youth and novice drivers) might reduce drink-driving related crashes in Ghana.
Isolation and Characterization of Antitumor Alkaloid from Poppy Capsules (Papaver somniferum)

Noscapine, a phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid derived from opium, has been used in the treatment of various cancer types. Its low-toxicity profile has increased attention to this alkaloid. With regard to increasing demand for this compound, we developed a new method for isolation of noscapine from dried capsules of Papaver somniferum. Noscapine was successfully isolated from poppy capsules for the first time and the purity of the isolated compound was determined to be over 99.59% by HPLC analysis. The structure of noscapine was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and HR-ESI-MS methods.
Cuntz Algebra States Defined by Implementers of Endomorphisms of the CAR Algebra

Abstract We investigate representations of the Cuntz algebra ${{\mathcal{O}}_{2}}$ on antisymmetric Fock space ${{F}_{a}}({{\mathcal{K}}_{1}})$ defined by isometric implementers of certain quasi-free endomorphisms of the CAR algebra in pure quasi-free states $\varphi {{P}_{1}}$ . We pay special attention to the vector states on ${{\mathcal{O}}_{2}}$ corresponding to these representations and the Fock vacuum, for which we obtain explicit formulae. Restricting these states to the gauge-invariant subalgebra ${{\mathcal{F}}_{2}}$ , we find that for natural choices of implementers, they are again pure quasi-free and are, in fact, essentially the states $\varphi {{P}_{1}}$ . We proceed to consider the case for an arbitrary pair of implementers, and deduce that these Cuntz algebra representations are irreducible, as are their restrictions to ${{\mathcal{F}}_{2}}$ . The endomorphisms of $B\left( {{F}_{a}}({{\mathcal{K}}_{1}}) \right)$ associated with these representations of ${{\mathcal{O}}_{2}}$ are also considered.
Numerical simulation of superheated jets using an Eulerian method.

Flash boiling is the rapid phase change of a pressurised fluid that emerges in ambient conditions below its vapourpressure. Flashing can occur either inside or outside the nozzle depending on the local pressure and geometry and the bubble formation leads to interfacial interactions that eventually influence the emerging spray. Lagrangian methods which exist in literature to simulate the flash atomisation and inter-phase heat transfer employ many sim- plifying assumptions. Typically, sub-models used for the break-up, collisions and evaporation introduce an extensive empiricism that might result in unrealistic predictions for cases like flashing. In this study, a fully Eulerian approach is selected employing the Σ − Y model proposed by Vallet and Borghi. The model tracks liquid structures of any shape and computes the spray characteristics comprising a modified version for the transport equation of the sur- face density. The main goal of this study is to investigate the performance of this model in flash boiling liquids using the Homogeneous Relaxation Model (HRM) developed by Downar-Zapolski, a model capable of capturing the heat transfer under sudden depressurisation conditions accounting for the non-equilibrium vapour generation. The model in this present study considers that the instantaneous quality would relax to the equilibrium value over a given timescale which is calculated using the flow field values. A segregated approach linking the HRM and Σ − Y is implemented in a compressible formulation in an attempt to quantify the effects of flash boiling in the spray dynamics. The developed model is naturally implemented in RANS in a dedicated solver HRMSonicELSAFoam. Results from simulations of two-phase jets of different subcooled fluids through sharp-edged orifices show that the proposed approach can accurately simulate the primary atomisation and give reliable predictions for the droplet sizes and distribution. Strong effects of the flashing and turbulent mixing on the jet are demonstrated. The model istested for turbulent flows within small nozzles and was developed within the open source code OpenFOAM. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017. 4667