Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Substitution of Ser for Arg-443 in the Regulatory Domain of Human Housekeeping (GLUD1) Glutamate Dehydrogenase Virtually Abolishes Basal Activity and Markedly Alters the Activation of the Enzyme by ADP and l-Leucine*

Human glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) exists inGLUD1 (housekeeping) and in GLUD2-specified (brain-specific) isoforms, which differ markedly in their basal activity and allosteric regulation. To determine the structural basis of these functional differences, we mutagenized the GLUD1GDH at four residues that differ from those of the GLUD2isoenzyme. Functional analyses revealed that substitution of Ser for Arg-443 (but not substitution of Thr for Ser-331, Leu for Met-370, or Leu for Met-415) virtually abolished basal activity and totally abrogated the activation of the enzyme by l-leucine (1–10 mm) in the absence of other effectors. However, when ADP (0.025–0.1 mm) was present in the reaction mixture,l-leucine (0.3–6.0 mm) activated the mutant enzyme up to >2,000%. The R443S mutant was much less sensitive to ADP (SC50 = 383.9 ± 14.6 μm) than theGLUD1 GDH (SC50 = 31.7 ± 4.2 μm; p < 0.001); however, at 1 mm ADP the V max for the mutant (136.67 μmol min−1 mg−1) was comparable with that of the GLUD1 GDH (152.95 μmol min−1 mg−1). Varying the composition and the pH of the reaction buffer differentially affected the mutant and the wild-type GDH. Arg-443 lies in the “antenna” structure, in a helix that undergoes major conformational changes during catalysis and is involved in intersubunit communication. Its replacement by Ser is sufficient to impair both the catalytic and the allosteric function of human GDH.
Molecular typing for detection of high‐risk human papillomavirus is a useful tool for distinguishing primary bladder carcinoma from secondary involvement of uterine cervical carcinoma in the urinary bladder

For patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder and uterine cervix, distinguishing between metastasis and a second primary carcinoma has significant prognostic and therapeutic implications. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) in cervical carcinoma with secondary involvement of the bladder and primary bladder carcinoma, in order to explore whether the detection of HR‐HPV could help to differentiate between the two.
Multiple biomarkers responses in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, after acute exposure to a fungicide propiconazole

In this study, the toxic effects of propiconazole (PCZ), a triazole fungicide present in aquatic environment, were studied in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, by acute toxicity test with the concentration of 5.04 mg/L (96 h LC50). Morphological indices, hematological parameters, liver xenobiotic‐metabolizing response, and tissue antioxidant status were evaluated. Compared with the control group, fish exposed to PCZ showed significantly higher Leuko, PCV, MCHC, and hepatic EROD, and significantly lower MCV. CF and HSI were not significantly different among groups. SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR activities increased significantly in liver of experimental groups, but decreased significantly in gill. In general, antioxidant enzyme activity in intestine was less evident than in liver. Oxidative stress indices (levels of LPO and CP) were significantly higher in gill. Additionally, through chemometrics of all parameters measured in this study, two groups with 67.29% of total accumulated variance were distinguished. In short, the physiological and biochemical responses in different tissues of fish indicated that PCZ‐induced the stressful environmental conditions. But according to PCZ residual status in the natural environment, more long‐term experiments at lower concentrations will be necessary in the future. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013.
Near-infrared spectroscopy as a hemodynamic monitor in critical illness

Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy has moved from a research tool to a widely used clinical monitor in the critically ill pediatric patient over the last decade. The physiological and clinical evidence supporting this technology in practice is reviewed here. Methodology: A search of MEDLINE and PubMed was conducted to find validation studies, controlled trials, and other reports of near-infrared spectroscopy use in children and adults in the clinical setting. Guidelines published by the American Heart Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation were reviewed including further review of references cited. Results: The biophysical properties of near-infrared spectroscopy devices allow measurement of capillary-venous oxyhemoglobin saturation in tissues a few centimeters beneath the surface sensor with validated accuracy in neonates, infants, and small patients. The biologic basis for the relationship of capillary-venous oxyhemoglobin saturation to cerebral injury has been described in animal and human studies. Normal ranges for cerebral and somatic capillary-venous oxyhemoglobin saturation have been described for normal newborns and infants and children with congenital heart disease and other disease states. The capillary-venous oxyhemoglobin saturation from both cerebral and somatic regions has been used to estimate mixed venous saturation and to predict biochemical shock, multiorgan dysfunction, and mortality in different populations. The relationship of cerebral capillary-venous oxyhemoglobin saturation to neuroimaging and functional assessment of outcome is limited but ongoing. Although there are numerous conflicting reports in small populations, expert opinion would suggest that special use may exist for near-infrared spectroscopy in patients with complex circulatory anatomy, with extremes of physiology, and in whom extended noninvasive monitoring is useful. Conclusions: Class II, level B evidence supports the conclusion that near-infrared spectroscopy offers a favorable risk-benefit profile and can be effective and beneficial as a hemodynamic monitor for the care of critically patients.
Pathologies and Pathological Mechanisms for White Matter Hyperintensities in Depression

Abstract: Signal hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are increased in the white matter (WMH) and deep gray matter in dementia and depression and may have similar pathologies. However, no previous study has examined WMH in subjects with major depression. We carried out in vitro MRI on brain tissue from elderly subjects who had suffered major depression and elderly control subjects to identify and rate WMH. The tissue was subsequently prepared for histopathological analysis using a number of conventional and immunohistochemical stains, and the WMH were examined to identify their underlying pathological causes. Cerebral microvessels were also assessed and the findings compared with assessments of atheromatous disease in these subjects. PVH were found to be due to one of three causes: dilated perivascular spaces (with and without ischemia in the perivascular area), oligemic demyelination, and ischemic demyelination. DWMH also showed three types of causes: dilated perivascular spaces (with and without ischemia in the perivascular area), oligemic demyelination, and ischemic demyelination. Cerebral microvascular disease only contributed to a few of the lesions and atheromatous disease did not show associations with WMH in these subjects. These findings are similar to previous reports in other diseases and demonstrate WMH in elderly depression to be a manifestation of cerebrovascular disease. However, since large vessel and small vessel disease were not associated with WMH, our findings suggest hypotensive disease might be an important and unrecognized mechanism underlying WMH in late‐life depression.
The Karyotypes of Calicophoron microbothrium and Carmyerius gregarius from Egyptian ruminants

Abstract The karyotypes of the two amphistomes Calicophoron microbothrium Fischoeder, 1901 and Carmyerius gregarius (Looss, 1896), Stiles & Goldberger, 1910 from Egyptian ruminants were studied using the air drying technique. The two species have similar number of chromosomes (n = 9), but differ in chromosome morphology. All the chromosomes of C. microbothrium are subtelocentric, except the first and the fifth are metacentric, whereas the chromosomes of C. gregarius are submetacentric, subtelocentric and acrocentric. Some cells in the two species showed tetraploidy. The results are discussed in terms of the phylogenetic relationship of different amphistomes.
Enhancement of ketorolac tromethamine permeability through rat skin using penetration enhancers: An ex-vivo study

Introduction: Ketorolac tromethamine (KT), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, when given orally causes gastrointestinal disturbances. Its transdermal drug delivery may reduce such side effects associated with them. The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the efficiency of various penetration enhancers for improved permeation of KT through the skin. Materials and Methods: A concentration of 1 mg/mL of the drug solution with enhancers was used to evaluate diffusion through the rat skin using a Franz diffusion cell assembly. 20 different penetration enhancers were selected for this study. Results: Saturated fatty acids like stearic and palmitic acid were found to increase the permeation rate of the drug to a great extent whereas unsaturated fatty acid viz. oleic acid exhibited maximum permeation. Increase in permeability efficiency of various penetration enhancers was observed in the following order: Oleic acid > stearic acid > palmitic acid > isopropyl myristate > tween 80 > span 80 > span 40 > span 20 > l-limonene > l-menthol > fenchone > α-pinene > urea > dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) > triton X-100 > tween 20 > dimethyl formamide > acetone > control > citric acid > ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid and citric acid had no effect on permeation rate. Conclusion: The results revealed that the permeation of KT through the skin can maximally be enhanced using oleic acid-an unsaturated fatty acid.
The impact of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) virus‐like particle vaccine in European women aged 16 to 24

Background Quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV types 6/11/16/18) L1 VLP vaccine is highly effective in preventing HPV 6/11/16/18‐related cervical and external genital disease. Herein, we evaluated the impact of the quadrivalent HPV 6/11/16/18 L1 VLP vaccine on prevention of HPV‐associated cervico‐genital lesions in a broad population of sexually active European women.
Business Start-Ups: Hope for Future Regional Development in Germany?

This article discusses the role of start-up entrepreneurship for regional growth and development in Germany. Entrepreneurship in general can be a key factor for technology-based regional development, in particular. However, not every region provides the necessary entrepreneurial framework conditions. According to Maryann Feldman, there is clear evidence that entrepreneurship is a predominantly "regional event. " Regional factors affect entrepreneurial activity in German regions, too, and the regional environment influences the prospects of start-ups (their growth and survival rates). A short introduction is followed by a description of the regional distribution of entrepreneurial activities in Germany based largely on pooled data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Then the determinants of start-up activity and success are discussed, with particular focus on regional determinants. The following section addresses the relationship between entrepreneurial activities and regional economic growth. Finally, options for policy-makers at the national, regional and local levels are discussed in the light of the great popularity entrepreneurship policies have enjoyed in Germany for some years.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Attenuates the Influence of Amyloid on Cognition

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine cross-sectionally whether higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) might favorably modify amyloid-β (Aβ)-related decrements in cognition in a cohort of late-middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sixty-nine enrollees in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention participated in this study. They completed a comprehensive neuropsychological exam, underwent 11C Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)-PET imaging, and performed a graded treadmill exercise test to volitional exhaustion. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) during the exercise test was used as the index of CRF. Forty-five participants also underwent lumbar puncture for collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, from which Aβ42 was immunoassayed. Covariate-adjusted regression analyses were used to test whether the association between Aβ and cognition was modified by CRF. There were significant VO2peak*PiB-PET interactions for Immediate Memory (p=.041) and Verbal Learning & Memory (p=.025). There were also significant VO2peak*CSF Aβ42 interactions for Immediate Memory (p<.001) and Verbal Learning & Memory (p<.001). Specifically, in the context of high Aβ burden, that is, increased PiB-PET binding or reduced CSF Aβ42, individuals with higher CRF exhibited significantly better cognition compared with individuals with lower CRF. In a late-middle-aged, at-risk cohort, higher CRF is associated with a diminution of Aβ-related effects on cognition. These findings suggest that exercise might play an important role in the prevention of AD. (JINS, 2015, 21, 841–850)
Prevalence of various respiratory viruses in the middle ear during acute otitis media.

BACKGROUND Vaccines against respiratory viruses may be able to reduce the frequency of acute otitis media. Although the role of respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media is well established, the relative importance of various viruses is unknown. METHODS We determined the prevalence of various respiratory viruses in the middle-ear fluid in 456 children (age, two months to seven years) with acute otitis media. At enrollment and after two to five days of antibiotic therapy, specimens of middle-ear fluid and nasal-wash specimens were obtained for viral and bacterial cultures and the detection of viral antigens. The viral cause of the infections was also assessed by serologic studies of serum samples obtained during the acute illness and convalescence. RESULTS A specific viral cause of the respiratory tract infections was identified in 186 of the 456 children (41 percent). Respiratory syncytial virus was the most common virus identified in middle-ear fluid: it was detected in the middle-ear fluid of 48 of the 65 children (74 percent) infected by this virus (P< or =0.04 for the comparison with any other virus). Parainfluenza viruses (15 of 29 children [52 percent]) and influenzaviruses (10 of 24 children [42 percent]) were detected in the middle-ear fluid significantly more often than enteroviruses (3 of 27 children [11 percent]) or adenoviruses (1 of 23 children [4 percent]) (P< or =0.01 for all comparisons). CONCLUSION Respiratory syncytial virus is the principal virus invading the middle ear during acute otitis media. An effective vaccine against upper respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus may reduce the incidence of acute otitis media in children.
Assessing the impact of different workplace flexibilities on workplace stress in the presence of varying degrees of job control

ABSTRACT We apply probit and propensity score matching to 1667 respondents from the 2008 National Survey of the Changing Workforce to quantify how workers’ self-reported stress levels vary under two different workplace flexibilities and varying degrees of job control. The first workplace flexibility considered is the ability to easily take time off for personal and family matters; the second is the option of a compressed work week. Our findings suggest that the first flexibility correlates with lower stress reports regardless of job control level. The second flexibility, however, correlates with lower stress levels only for workers with low levels of job control. This suggests that a compressed work week does not reduce stress for workers that already have high levels of job control. The more general conclusion is that some flexibilities are substitutes for job control whereas other are not, assuming the larger goal is the reduction of workplace stress and the various maladies exacerbated by stress.
Measuring Proactive and Reactive Criminal Thinking With the PICTS

Research studies have determined that proactive or instrumental aggression correlates with positive outcome expectancies for violence, whereas reactive aggression correlates with hostile attribution biases. It was hypothesized that the Problem Avoidance factor scale of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) would serve as an effective proxy for reactive criminal thinking and that the PICTS Self-Assertion/Deception factor scale would serve as an effective proxy for proactive criminal thinking. These two factor scales were subsequently correlated with positive outcome expectancies for crime (n = 313) and a three-item index of hostile attribution bias (n = 164) in a sample of male medium security prison inmates. As expected, the Problem Avoidance scale successfully predicted future hostile attribution biases but not positive outcome expectancies for crime, whereas the Self-Assertion/Deception scale successfully predicted future positive outcome expectancies for crime but not hostile attribution biases.
The public's and doctors' perceived role in participation in setting health care priorities in Greece.

INTRODUCTION The Greek public is currently not represented at any level of the healthcare system's organisational structure. This study aimed to investigate the opinions of Greek citizens as well as doctors regarding their representation in priority setting and to compare these two groups' preferences when prioritising competing resources. METHODS A sample of 300 citizens and 100 doctors were asked by means of a standardised questionnaire: (a) whether their views should inform healthcare decisions; (b) to rank in terms of importance other groups that should participate in the process; and (c) to allocate competing resources to a series of alternative prevention programmes, medical procedures or across different population groups. RESULTS As many as 83% of the citizens stated that their opinions should inform decisions regarding prevention and population-group programmes, while a slightly lower 70% believed their opinions should also be heard regarding medical procedures. However, when asked to rank six different population groups in terms of their importance, the public ranked their role quite low. Generally, doctors and patients, and their families were ranked highest, while politicians were ranked last by both groups. Regarding allocation of funds, a remarkable consensus was observed between doctors and the public. CONCLUSION This study documents for the first time in Greece the clear preference for active involvement of both the public and healthcare professionals in the process of priority setting and resource allocation. There is great urgency in complementing these findings with qualitative research methods, such as in-depth interviews and discussions with focus groups, so that a more democratic, participative and transparent process for healthcare priority setting can be initiated, based on the actual needs and health problems of the public.
Rural/urban differences in barriers to and burden of care for children with special health care needs.

PURPOSE To examine the barriers and difficulties experienced by rural families of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) in caring for their children. METHODS The National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs was used to examine rural-urban differences in types of providers used, reasons CSHCN had unmet health care needs, insurance and financial difficulties encountered, and the family burden of providing the child's medical care. We present both unadjusted and adjusted results to allow consideration of the causes of rural-urban differences. FINDINGS Rural CSHCN are less likely to be seen by a pediatrician than urban children. They are more likely to have unmet health care needs due to transportation difficulties or because care was not available in the area; there were minimal other differences in barriers to care. Families of rural CSHCN are more likely to report financial difficulties associated with their children's medical needs and more likely to provide care at home for their children. CONCLUSIONS Examining results from both unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios shows that the burden of care for families of rural CSHCN stems both from socioeconomic differences and health system differences. Policies aimed at achieving equity for rural children will require focusing on both individual factors and the health care infrastructure, including increasing insurance coverage to lessen financial difficulties and addressing the availability of providers in rural areas.
Reaction in situ found in the synthesis of a series of lanthanide sulfate complexes and investigation on their structure, spectra and catalytic activity

A series of lanthanide sulfates coordination complexes, Ln2(SO4)3(H2O)8 (Ln = Pr (1), Nd (2), Tb (3), Sm (4), Dy (5), Gd (7), Ho (8)), and EuK(SO4)2 (6), were constructed by the reaction in situ of lanthanide ions (Ln3+) with flexible dodecanedioic acid and rigid aromatic 5-sulfosalicylic acid under hydrothermal conditions. All of them were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures and coordination modes of metal centers and sulfate ions, as well as the novel reaction mechanism and different conditions of lanthanide ions and 5-sulfosalicylic acid to form the series of lanthanide sulfate complexes, were discussed in detail. Solid-state properties for these crystalline materials, such as thermal stability and powder X-ray diffraction have been investigated. Additionally, the photoluminescent characterizations of the complexes 3, 4, 5 and 6, and the catalytic properties of all the complexes about cyclohexane being oxidized into cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol were investigated and compared.
The photosynthetic plasticity of crassulacean acid metabolism: an evolutionary innovation for sustainable productivity in a changing world.

SUMMARY The photosynthetic specialization of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) has evolved many times in response to selective pressures imposed by water limitation. Integration of circadian and metabolite control over nocturnal C₄ and daytime C₃ carboxylation processes in CAM plants provides plasticity for optimizing carbon gain and water use by extending or curtailing the period of net CO₂ uptake over any 24-h period. Photosynthetic plasticity underpins the ecological diversity of CAM species and contributes to the potential for high biomass production in water-limited habitats. Perceived evolutionary constraints on the dynamic range of CO₂ acquisition strategies in CAM species can be reconciled with functional anatomical requirements and the metabolic costs of maintaining the enzymatic machinery required for C₃ and C₄ carboxylation processes. Succulence is highlighted as a key trait for maximizing biomass productivity in water-limited habitats by serving to buffer water availability, by maximizing the magnitude of nocturnal CO₂ uptake and by extending the duration of C₄ carboxylation beyond the night period. Examples are discussed where an understanding of the diverse metabolic and ecological manifestations of CAM can be exploited for the sustainable productivity of economically and ecologically important species.