Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation And Characterization Of Post Harvest Fungal Pathogens Of Citrus Varieties From The Domestic Markets of Rawalpindi And Islamabad

Citrus fruit health is equally important at national and international markets for attracting customers as well as receiving better prices. Post-harvest diseases of citrus minimize the fruit quality and quantity and cause heavy losses, thus it does not meet the required standard and it causes economic loss in international markets due to the considerable differences between export and local prices. Post-harvest diseases caused by bacteria, yeast and fungi develop on fruits and other plant products between harvesting and consumption. Citrus markets of Rawalpindi and Islamabad were assessed for Post-harvest fungal diseases. The studies were accomplished for the isolation and identification of fungal pathogens from the three varieties of citrus viz. Kinnow, Malta and Musami. A survey was conducted during February 2013 to evaluate the status of major post harvest diseases like stem end rot, mold, citrus canker and alternaria brown spot on citrus fruit. The study illustrated that the citrus variety Kinnow was more prone to fungal diseases than Malta and Musami. The results of the study also revealed that fruit samples were almost 3-5 days old and proper storage facilities were not available at the market. As an initial step to improve the quality of citrus and to meet its enhancing demand in the foreign and domestic markets, there is a dire need to understand the Post harvest fnugal diseases and their pathogens prevailing in the country for later management strategies. Improper packing, transport and market storage facilities can contribute towards food spoilage. The present study found that the Geotrichumcandidum, Diplodianatalensis, Penicilliumsp, Trichodermaviride, Fusarium sp. , Alternariaalternata, Aspergillusniger, Aspergilllusfumigatus, and Aspergillusochraceous were the fungal pathogens involved in sour rot, stem end rot, green mold, Trichoderma rot, Fusarium rot, black rot, and black mold rot diseases and these were major post-harvest diseases that damage the citrus fruit. As far as, it was also observed that MEA was the best media for the growth of Diplodianatalensis, and Aspergillusochraceous.
Chronic Toxicity Of High Molecular Weight Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon- Pyrene On Freshwater Cyanobacterium Anabaena Fertlissima Rao

The aim of this work was to determine the consequences of Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon – Pyrene in response to growth, pigments and metabolic study on Anabaena fertilissima Rao. Test organisms were treated at different doses and encountered LC50 (Lethal concentration at which 50% growth reduction occur) concentration separately at 1.5 mg/l, 3.0 mg/l and 6.0 mg/l respectively for Anabaena fertilissima Rao. The influence of Pyrene on growth, pigments, release of metabolites such as carbohydrates, protein, amino acid, phenols was carried out. The test doses caused a concentration dependent decrease in pigments like carotenoids and phycobilliproteins and showed more sensitivity to pyrene. Depletion of carbohydrate by 13% to 81% and proteins by 47% to 93% was encountered with rise in pyrene concentrations after 16 th day of exposure. However, phenols were found to rise by 27% to 50% with increased pyrene concentrations on the contrary, amino acids were reported to decline by 79% to 92%. This study therefore suggests high molecular weight pyrene that decreases in metabolite content and enzyme activity can be used as a signal of PAHs toxicity in cyanobacteria. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 175-183 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ije.v2i1. 9220
Synergistic Effect of Combined Antibiotics against Some Selected Multidrug Resistant Human Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Droppings in Akure, Nigeria

Antibiotic resistant bacteria pass between humans, between animals and between humans and animals in both directions, the use of antibiotics in poultry has contributed to multiple antibiotic resistant in pathogenic bacteria and use of two antibiotics might prevent the emergence of resistance to either. In this study, synergistic effect of combined antibiotics against multidrug resistant human pathogenic bacterial isolates from poultry droppings in Akure, Nigeria was examined. Collection of samples, isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out using standard microbiological method, antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by disc diffusion method and zone of inhibition was used to interpret the sensitivity test as resistant, susceptible or intermediate while combined effects of two antibiotics were investigated by macrobroth dilution and checkerboard assay methods while the synergetic effects of combined antibiotics were calculated using Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) and percentage synergistic interaction was calculated. All the ten (10) species of bacterial isolates were multidrug resistant and are less resistant to ofloxacin. The highest percentage synergistic interactions observed were Ofloxacin + Amoxicillin (90%), Ciprofloxacin + Amoxicillin (90%), Tetracycline + Amoxicillin (70%), Tetracycline + Augmentin (80%), Cotrimoxazol + Amoxicillin (50%), Cotrimoxazol + Augmentin (70%), Chloramphenicol + Amoxicillin (70%) and Chloramphenicol + Augmentin (80%). Poultry droppings is a potential source of human pathogenic bacteria, high frequency of multiple antibiotic resistance bacteria observed in this study is of great treat to man as this may cause the treatment of infection caused by these bacteria to be difficult. Combination of beta-lactam antibiotic with fluoroqunolones, tetracycline, Chloramphenicol and Cotrimoxazole was synergetic and this will reduce dose related toxicity and prevent resistance to single antibiotic.
Reactivating Spatial Stimulus Codesin a Multi-Item Simon Task

Responses are faster when they correspond spatially with the target stimulus than when they do not, even though the location of the stimuli is not task-relevant (i.e. the Simon effect). The attention-shift hypothesis proposes that these spatial codes are formed due to a shift of attention to the relevant target stimulus. In contrast, the referential-coding hypothesis supposes that spatial codes are formed in reference to an intentionally defined reference frame. It is assumed that spatial codes could be indicated by electroencephalographic components. An enhanced posterior contralateral negativity (i.e. PCN) is supposed to represent an indicator of the formation of spatial codes. In 2002, Hommel (Experiment 2) suggested that spatial codes are automatically formed, because they could be reactivated, even though relevant stimuli were absent. The current study attempted to replicate the findings of Hommel using slightly modified SCOA intervals (-1000 ms, 0 ms, 1000 ms). Additionally, electroencephalography (EEG) was applied to examine the role of attentional mechanisms (i.e. PCN). Stimulus-response correspondence (SRC) effects were obtained for each SCOA condition (i.e. Simon effect) replicating Hommel´s findings (2002, Experiment 2). Electroencephalographic results indicated a PCN, when the cue preceded or corresponded with stimuli-onset. No PCN could have been obtained, when stimuli preceded and were absent during cue-onset (i.e. reactivation). Present findings provide some evidence that both accounts (attention-shifting and referential-coding) should be combined for explaining the Simon effect.
Comparing Apples and Oranges : Teledyne / RDI StreamPro ADCP and the OTT QLiner River Discharge Measurement System

INTRODUCTION Over the past few years, acoustic Doppler current profilers have been adapted for use in shallow water applications that include both velocity and discharge measurements. A special class of these instruments includes those that are autonomous and use wireless communication. The Teledyne/RDI StreamPro ADCP and the OTT QLiner are two such instruments and we have chosen to compare them on two fundamental water resources/hydraulics applications.
PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIALITY AND MEDICINAL USES OF IPOMOEA AQUATICA FORSK: A REVIEW

It has been noteworthy from the ancient times; the human race is dependent on the use of traditional plant-based medicines as well as polyherbal preparations. And from the last few decades several research works are carried out which confirms the potentiality of these natural sources as a good source of medications. Ipomoea aquatica was among such plant having good nutraceutical applications and is commonly consumed as a vegetable and is commonly found in tropical Asia, India, Africa and Australia, etc. The plant is considered to be a good source of vitamins, minerals, plant proteins, fibers, etc. as well as the plant is supposed to have tremendous pharmacological importance. The present review aims to present a brief overview of the medicinal use as well pharmacological value of the plant. Keywords: Pharmacological activity, Phytochemistry, Potential uses, Compounds.
Prosodic Marking of Information Status in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders

When referring to an object or person, speakers select a referring expression along with an appropriate prosody. This choice is a highly context-dependent, listener-oriented aspect of language that has been reported to be difficult for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and associated mentalizing deficits [1, 2]. In a picture-based story-telling task, we investigated the encoding of a referent’s givenness, focusing on prosodic choices. When new referents were introduced (or reintroduced) into the discourse, adults with ASD were similar to typically developed adults in their pitch accent placement, but differed in their choice of accent type. On new referents, the ASD group produced accents which are less prominent and which have a non-committal nature (H*), while the control group made greater use of more prominent accents (L+H*, L*+H). Thus, selecting the appropriate pitch accent type to mark a newly introduced referent is problematic for individuals with ASD.
C:N ratio of Sediments in a sewage fed Urban Lake

C:N ratio of lake sediments provide valuable information about the source and proportions of terrestrial, phytogenic and phycogenic carbon and nitrogen. This study has been carried out in Varthur lake which is receiving sewage since many decades apart from large scale land cover changes. C:N profile of the surficial sediment layer collected in the rainy and the dry seasons revealed higher C:N values[43] due to the accumulation of autochthonous organic material mostly at the deeper portions of the lake. This also highlights N limitation in the sludge either due to uptake by micro and macro-biota or rapid volatilization, denitrification and possible leaching in water. Organic Carbon was lower towards the inlets and higher near the deeper zones. This pattern of Organic C deposition was aided by gusty winds and high flow conditions together with impacts by the land use land cover changes in the watershed. Spatial variability of C:N in surficial sediments is significant compared to its seasonal variability. This communication provides an insight to the pattern in which nutrients are distributed in the sludge/sediment and its variation across seasons and space impacted by the biotic process accompanied by the hydrodynamic changes in the lake.
The Private Universities of Bulgaria

Conclusion The use of means testing at the University of the Philippines represents a good summary example. Adrian Ziderman and Douglas Albrecht report in Financing Universities in Developing Countries (1995): “To assess financial need, the university has had to move beyond income tax returns, which often understate true ability to pay. (A)pplicants must complete a twelve-page questionnaire which asks about family assets, parental occupation and education levels, and location of residence. The questionnaire itself does not stop dishonest applicants, but home visits and harsh disciplinary actions are believed to make applicants answer questions more truthfully. Home visits verify the accuracy of most reports. Several students have been expelled from the university for giving false information. ” In sum, means testing for purposes of student financial aid in developing countries is subject to a number of serious practical difficulties that call into question its viability. It is particularly burdensome if attempted for large numbers of students or for student applicants drawn from across a large country. Therefore, the implementation of increased tuition fees in developing countries is likely to be hard to achieve in ways that are economically efficient and socially fair.
Mild Ovarian Stimulation Has Similar Live Birth Rates As Compared With Hyper Stimulation For Treatment of Poor Responding IVF Patients of Advanced Maternal Age

The number of patients with poor ovarian response (POR) for in vitro fertilization (IVF) varies from 9 to 25%, especially high in patients of advanced maternal age. Although various stimulation protocols have been developed to improve clinical outcomes in patients with POR, a typical and effective protocol remains improvement. Some physicians prefer a mild stimulation protocol, while others like hyper stimulation protocol to obtain more eggs. This study was designed to compare the efficiency of a mild stimulation protocol with hyper stimulation protocol in patients with POR, particularly focused on live birth rate after IVF. Data were collected from 30 poor responders (over 39 years old). Patients were assigned to 2 protocols at the start of ovarian stimulation: Patients in group A were treated with a hyper stimulation (GnRH-antagonist) protocol and patients in group B were treated with a mild stimulation protocol. The ovarian stimulation characteristics, gonadotropin doses, number of eggs collected, number of high quality embryos, clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates were compared between two groups. Although number of eggs, number of high quality embryos, clinical pregnancy rates were significantly higher in group A than in group B, miscarriage rate was also higher in group A than group B, which eventually resulted in a similar live birth rate (6.7%) in both groups. However, dosages of gonadotropins were smaller and stimulation days were shorter in group B than in group A. When poorly responding patients were treated for IVF, similar live birth rates were observed with mild stimulation protocol and hyper-stimulation protocol. After considering the higher dosages of gonadotropins and longer stimulation days in patients with hyper-stimulation protocol, it is suggested that poor responders may benefit with the mild stimulation protocol for IVF. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2576-2818.jfb-17-1812 Corresponding author: Wei-Hua Wang, Houston Fertility Laboratory, 2500 Fondren Rd., Suite 350, Houston TX 77063. Phone: 713-490-2528, E-mail: wangweihua11@yahoo.com Running head: Ovarian stimulation for infertility treatment
Uncertainty in fertility intentions in Britain, 1979-2007

The paper uses a time series of repeated rounds of the General Household Survey in Great Britain to study uncertainty in fertility intentions. We show that a substantial minority of women are uncertain in their expectations about future childbearing. A comparison of reported uncertainty in GHS rounds 1979-1990 with 1991-2007 reveals that the estimated level of uncertainty is influenced by question format. At the individual level, uncertainty varies largely with demographic status and life stage-age, partnership status, parity and time since previous birth. Evidence from qualitative and quantitative studies, particularly in relation to pregnancy intentions, reinforces the reality of uncertainty about reproductive prospects. We suggest that the measurement of fertility intentions needs improvement. A new theoretical approach to fertility intentions is outlined in brief.
Synthetic C18O observations of fibrous filaments: the problems of mapping from PPV to PPP

Molecular-line observations of filaments in star-forming regions have revealed the existence of elongated coherent features within the filaments; these features are termed fibres. Here we caution that, since fibres are traced in PPV space, there is no guarantee that they represent coherent features in PPP space. We illustrate this contention using simulations of the growth of a filament from a turbulent medium. Synthetic C$^{18}$O observations of the simulated filaments reveal the existence of fibres very similar to the observed ones, i.e. elongated coherent features in the resulting PPV data-cubes. Analysis of the PPP data-cubes (i.e. 3D density fields) also reveals elongated coherent features, which we term sub-filaments. Unfortunately there is very poor correspondence between the fibres and the sub-filaments in the simulations. Both fibres and sub-filaments derive from inhomogeneities in the turbulent accretion flow onto the main filament. As a consequence, fibres are often affected by line-of-sight confusion. Similarly, sub-filaments are often affected by large velocity gradients, and even velocity discontinuities. These results suggest that extreme care should be taken when using velocity coherent features to constrain the underlying substructure within a filament.
The Tip of the Iceberg: A Quantitative Framework for Estimating Trade Costs

Abstract Trade costs are often additive. Well-known examples are quotas, per unit tariffs, and, in part, transportation costs. In spite of this, we have no broad and systematic evidence of the magnitude of these costs. In this paper, we develop a new empirical framework for estimating additive trade costs from standard firm-level trade data. Our results suggest that additive barriers are on average 14%, expressed relative to the median price. The point estimates are strongly correlated with common proxies for trade costs. Using our microestimates, we show that an additive import tariff reduces welfare and trade by more than an equal-yield multiplicative tariff.
Rate of convergence and asymptotic error distribution of Euler approximation schemes for fractional diffusions

For a stochastic differential equation(SDE) driven by a fractional Brownian motion(fBm) with Hurst parameter $H>\frac{1}{2}$, it is known that the existing (naive) Euler scheme has the rate of convergence $n^{1-2H}$. Since the limit $H\rightarrow\frac{1}{2}$ of the SDE corresponds to a Stratonovich SDE driven by standard Brownian motion, and the naive Euler scheme is the extension of the classical Euler scheme for It\^{o} SDEs for $H=\frac{1}{2}$, the convergence rate of the naive Euler scheme deteriorates for $H\rightarrow\frac{1}{2}$. In this paper we introduce a new (modified Euler) approximation scheme which is closer to the classical Euler scheme for Stratonovich SDEs for $H=\frac{1}{2}$, and it has the rate of convergence $\gamma_n^{-1}$, where $\gamma_n=n^{2H-{1}/2}$ when $H \frac{3}{4}$. Furthermore, we study the asymptotic behavior of the fluctuations of the error. More precisely, if $\{X_t,0\le t\le T\}$ is the solution of a SDE driven by a fBm and if $\{X_t^n,0\le t\le T\}$ is its approximation obtained by the new modified Euler scheme, then we prove that $\gamma_n(X^n-X)$ converges stably to the solution of a linear SDE driven by a matrix-valued Brownian motion, when $H\in(\frac{1}{2},\frac{3}{4}]$. In the case $H>\frac{3}{4}$, we show the $L^p$ convergence of $n(X^n_t-X_t)$, and the limiting process is identified as the solution of a linear SDE driven by a matrix-valued Rosenblatt process. The rate of weak convergence is also deduced for this scheme. We also apply our approach to the naive Euler scheme.
Diabetes Among Haemodialysis Patients in Teaching Hospital Batticaloa, Srilanka

: Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is common in people with type-2 diabetes (T2DM). This is because T2DM is much more common than type-1 diabetes (T1DM). Diabetic kidney disease is actually the most common cause of kidney failure. Microalbuminuria or proteinuria is rarely present at the time when the diabetes is first diagnosed. By five years after the diagnosis of diabetes, about 1 in 7 people will have developed microalbuminuria. After 30 years, about 4 in 10 people will have developed microalbuminuria. Some people with microalbuminuria progress to proteinuria and kidney failure. Around one in five people needing dialysis have diabetic kidney disease.Methodology: A Prospective, observational study of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) come for dialysis to the Teaching Hospital Batticaloa SriLanka. The study was conducted from mid of September 2017 to end of November 2017. Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage of kidney disease (ESKD) in most developed countries and has driven growth in ESKD globally over recent decades. Results; Most common etiology in the present study was diabetic nephropathy (54.8%) followed by hypertensive nephropathy (30.4%) and ADPKD (2%). However, the prevalence of ESKD has been equally observed among middle and elders populations. Current approaches are not adequate because the number of patients who develop DKD or have progressive DKD continues to increase. Screening for diabetic nephropathy with early intervention is essential to delaying its progression in conjunction with providing proper glycemic control.
Computational Design of Marionettes Master-level internship , October 2018

Marionettes are puppets actuated by strings attached to different marionettes’ body parts and to rigid control plates. Thanks to the simplicity of their structure and their actuation mechanism, marionettes are relatively easy to fabricate. However the relation between the pose of a marionette and the orientation of the rigid plate, which also depends on the number, locations and lengths of the strings, is far from intuitive and mastered only by skilled marionette puppeteers the marionettists. Therefore, the use of marionettes is mostly reserved to these professionals, and marionettes are almost exclusively seen on the stage of dedicated marionette theaters. This project aims at investigating novel computational tools to help casual users to design handoperated marionettes so that they can be used for broader applications. Indeed, as physical embodiments of imaginary characters, marionettes could be exploited to facilitate the exploration of alternate choregraphies by artists, for social experiments [4], as tangible interfaces [3], for educational purposes or simply for casual entertainment. This goal brings new challenges related to the optimization of the marionette design parameters (number, locations and lengths of the strings), which typically depends on the targeted marionette performance, and to the representation of this target performance itself, which will need to be as intuitive as possible. This project is thus distinct from previous research in the field, which mostly focused on robotic marionettes with fixed design parameters and explored, in particular, the design of robotic actuation systems [1] and control policies [6]. While Murphey and Egerstedt tackled the problem of automation of marionettes plays [2], they assumed the marionettes strings locations and lengths to be known, whereas we are concerned with the design of the full system, which makes the problem more difficult, but also more interesting.