Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vehicle for modernization in trouble. How the eurozone crisis have changed cohesion policy

In the years 2010–2015, the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) experienced serious economic and political problems that seemed to threaten its very existence, and that naturally led to significant institutional transformations and triggered changes in management methods. The eurozone crisis affected the entire European Union, influencing both its formal and informal functioning. Scholars point out e.g. to an increase of intergovernmental management during the crisis, and to the strengthened role of the largest member states (Bickerton et. al., 2015; Fabbrini, 2015; Hodson, 2011; Puetter, 2012; Dinan, 2012; Chang, 2012). Another important change was widening the mandate of the European Commission (EC), albeit without increasing its political autonomy in relations with intergovernmental institutions (Copeland and James, 2014). In addition the political role of the European Parliament (EP) clearly weakened during the crisis (Fasone, 2014). Processes of differentiated integration also gained more momentum: that tendency can be seen in the ever-growing chasm between the eurozone and the rest of the EU – a division that is often referred to as “two-speed Europe”. The main question that this article purports to answer is whether the said crisis and the related political and institutional changes affected the cohesion policy, the main instrument of socio-economic modernization in less developed countries and regions of the EU. This question is all the more compelling, if one takes into account the fact that the common currency crisis coincided with the period of preparation of guidelines and regulations for the cohesion policy for the next budget cycle (starting after 2013). It also coincided with the process of negotiations of the next multiannual financial framework for the EU (for years 2014–2020). The methodology of this study is based on an assessment of extant EU sources and documents coming from member states, a survey of literature on the subject and interviews with more than a dozen decision makers in the EU and in different member states. The decision makers selected for in-depth interviews can offer a privileged insider’s view, as they have observed (often over the course of many years) the behindthe-scenes processes that shaped the cohesion policy and influenced its implementation. The interviewees are current and former employees of the EU Council, the European Commission and the European Parliament, or they worked for the national
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ECONOMIC POLICY REFORM

The recent wave of democratization in developing countries and in formerly communist ones has sparked renewed interest in the relation between politics and economic adjustment. Adjustment programs, however well designed in a technical economic sense, are often politically difficult to launch and, once launched, to keep afloat. Success in implementing an adjustment program may depend on a government's skill in generating political support and holding off the opposition. This article explores the politics of economic reform, drawing on country studies by political scientists and country specialists, the growing theoretical literature by economists, and the findings of a World Bank research project on the political economy of adjustment in new democracies. The article examines three broad clusters of variables: institutional characteristics of the political system, apsects of the internal and external economy, and the design of the reform program. It also considers the relevance of political analysis for policy makers and for international financial institutions.
Density contrast matters for drop fragmentation thresholds at low Ohnesorge number

We address numerically the deformation and fragmentation dynamics of a single liquid drop subject to impulsive acceleration by a unidirectional gas stream. The density ratio between the liquid and gaseous phases is varied in the $10-2000$ range and comparisons are made with recent drop breakup experiments. We show for low Ohnesorge numbers that the liquid-gas density contrast significantly modifies the critical Weber number for the transition between bursting and stripping fragmentation regimes, on the one hand, and for drop fragmentation, on the other hand. We suggest a simple theoretical argument to predict the transitional Weber number as a function of the density contrast and show that the stabilising influence of small contrasts can be explained by inertial effects in the nonlinear coupling between drop stretching and centroid acceleration.
The haloes and environments of nearby galaxies (HERON) – I. Imaging, sample characteristics, and envelope diameters

We use a dedicated 0.7-m telescope to image the haloes of 119 galaxies in the Local Volume to μr ∼ 28–30 mag arcsec−2. The sample is primarily from the Two Micron All Sky Survey Large Galaxy Atlas (Jarrett et al. 2003) and extended to include nearby dwarf galaxies and more distant giant ellipticals, and spans fully the galaxy colour–magnitude diagram including the blue cloud and red sequence. We present an initial overview, including deep images of our galaxies. Our observations reproduce previously reported low surface brightness structures, including extended plumes in M 51, and a newly discovered tidally extended dwarf galaxy in NGC 7331. Low surface brightness structures, or ‘envelopes’, exceeding 50 kpc in diameter are found mostly in galaxies with MV < −20.5, and classic interaction signatures are infrequent. Defining a halo diameter at the surface brightness 28 mag arcsec−2, we find that halo diameter is correlated with total galaxy luminosity. Extended signatures of interaction are found throughout the galaxy colour–magnitude diagram without preference for the red or blue sequences, or the green valley. Large envelopes may be found throughout the colour–magnitude diagram with some preference for the bright end of the red sequence. Spiral and S0 galaxies have broadly similar sizes, but ellipticals extend to notably greater diameters, reaching 150 kpc. We propose that the extended envelopes of disc galaxies are dominated by an extension of the disc population rather than by a classical Population II halo.
Frequency shifts due to Stark effects on a rubidium two-photon transition

The $5S_{1/2}\rightarrow 5D_{5/2}$ two-photon transition in Rb is of interest for the development of a compact optical atomic clock. Here we present a rigorous calculation of the 778.1~nm ac-Stark shift ($2.30(4) \times10^{-13}$(mW/mm$^2$)$^{-1}$) that is in good agreement with our measured value of $2.5(2) \times10^{-13}$(mW/mm$^2$)$^{-1}$. We include a calculation of the temperature-dependent blackbody radiation shift, we predict that the clock could be operated either with zero net BBR shift ($T=495.9(27)$~K) or with zero first-order sensitivity ($T=368.1(14)$~K). Also described is the calculation of the dc-Stark shift of 5.5(1)$\times 10^{-15}$/(V/cm$^2$) as well as clock sensitivities to optical alignment variations in both a cat's eye and flat mirror retro-reflector. Finally, we characterize these Stark effects discussing mitigation techniques necessary to reduce final clock instabilities.
Computational Phenotype Discovery via Probabilistic Independence

Computational Phenotype Discovery research has taken various pragmatic approaches to disentangling phenotypes from the episodic observations in Electronic Health Records. In this work, we use transformation into continuous, longitudinal curves to abstract away the sparse irregularity of the data, and we introduce probabilistic independence as a guiding principle for disentangling phenotypes into patterns that may more closely match true pathophysiologic mechanisms. We use the identification of liver disease patterns that presage development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma as a proof-of-concept demonstration.
Antidermatophytic activity of Apamarga-Mulaka Seeds specific to Sidhma (Pityriasis versicolor) in children - A clinical study

Background: Apamarga (Achyranthes aspera Linn.) and Mulaka (Raphenus sativus Linn.) drugs are being used by Ayurveda to cure the Sidhma (~Pityriasis versicolor) for many centuries in children. Objective: To assess the comparative effect of 10% glycerin preparation-Apamarga and Mulaka Seeds’ dried water extract and-1% clotrimazole lotion in Sidhma (Pityriasis versicolor) disease affected children, aged from 1-16 years irrespective to sex. Material & Method: A total of 40 cases, of both sex of Sidhma (Pityriasis versicolor) were taken and randomly allocated, irrespective to severity of disease, into – a trial group -A (n=20) and another control group-B (n=20) based on the 10% glycerin based trial drug Apamarga-Mulaka Seeds dried water extract and control drug-1% clotrimazole lotion applied over the skin lesion, respectively, for 42 days. Skin lesion characteristics of both groups were observed at first, second, third and fourth follow up. Observation and Results: The analysis of gathered data in respect to types and distribution of rashes, color of rashes, size of rashes, itching and scaling of Pityriasis versicolor lesions in children shows statistically significant (<0.001) effect in trial group when compared to the control group drug on 1st & subsequent follow up. During the study period, no adverse effect was noted. Conclusion: Early & significant effect of the trial drug suggests its safer and effective use in treatment of Sidhma (Pityriasis versicolor). Keyword: Apamarga, Mulaka, Aqueous extract, Pityriasis versicolor, Sidhma.
Optimal Symplectic Connections on Holomorphic Submersions

The main result of this paper gives a new construction of extremal Kähler metrics on the total space of certain holomorphic submersions, giving a vast generalisation and unification of results of Hong, Fine and others. The principal new ingredient is a novel geometric partial differential equation on such fibrations, which we call the optimal symplectic connection equation.
Iron deficiency and febrile seizures: a retrospective analysis

Background: Febrile seizures (FS) are the commonest cause of seizures in children, with 2-5% of neurologically healthy children experiencing at least 1 episode. Iron deficiency is reported to be one of the most prevalent nutritional problems in the world today, especially in developing countries, with an estimated 46%-66% people affected. Our study is an attempt to clarify the relation between iron deficiency and first febrile seizure.Methods: The present study was a case control study carried from December 2016 till June 2018 in a tertiary care hospital at Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. The study was done after obtaining approval from Institutional ethical Committee.Results: 77 cases and equal number of controls were included. Males were most commonly affected (>50%) as compared to females in both groups. Highest number of cases and controls were in the age group 0.5 to 1 year group, followed by 1-2 and 2-3 years group. Upper respiratory tract infection was most common etiological factor. Anemia (Hb<11 gm/dl) was seen in in 84% of the cases and 65% of the controls. Serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was reduced in cases as compared to controls and this difference was highly statistically significant.Conclusions: Iron deficiency is a modifiable risk factor for first episode of febrile seizures in Indian children of age group 6 months to 5 years its early detection and timely correction may be an important determinant for prevention of febrile seizure in children.
Problems encountered by ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs: A comparative analysis in three major Canadian cities

Despite growing interest in the difficulties encountered by ethnic entrepreneurs, very little research has as yet been done on the subject. This paper is an attempt to fill the gap. A total of 151 Chinese entrepreneurs from Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver were surveyed for the research. The results show that ethnic businesses tend to face the same problems as other businesses. On the face of things, this does not appear to justify the development of support programs specifically for ethnic entrepreneurs. However, given the unique social and business dynamics that exist within the ethnic communities studied, it is reasonable to suggest that, to be effective, entrepreneurship support programs should be directed through the networks of those communities. Such a strategy would require a partnership between the public authorities and the communities in question, including monitoring systems to ensure that resources are allocated more effectively and that appropriate adjustments are made. 1 This research was made possible by a research grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). All figures in the text are in Canadian dollars. Problems encountered by ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs: A comparative analysis in three major Canadian cities
HD 965: An extremely peculiar A star with an extremely long rotation period

Context. One of the keys to understanding the origin of Ap stars and their significance in the general context of stellar astrophysics is by considering the most extreme properties displayed by some of them. For this reason, HD 965 is particularly interesting as it combines some of the most pronounced chemical peculiarities with one of the longest rotation periods known. Aims. We characterise the variations of the magnetic field of the Ap star HD 965 and derive constraints about its structure. Methods. We combined published measurements of the mean longitudinal field ⟨Bz⟩ of HD 965 with new determinations of this field moment from circular spectropolarimetry obtained at the 6-m telescope BTA of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. For the mean magnetic field modulus ⟨B⟩, literature data were complemented by the analysis of ESO archive spectra. Results. We present the first determination of the rotation period of HD 965, Prot = (16.5 ± 0.5) yr. The star HD 965 is only the third Ap star with a period longer than ten years for which magnetic field measurements have been obtained over more than a full cycle. The variation curve of ⟨Bz⟩ is well approximated by a cosine wave. Furthermore, ⟨B⟩ does not show any significant variation. The observed behaviour of these field moments is well represented by a simple model consisting of the superposition of collinear dipole, quadrupole, and octupole. The distribution of neodymium over the surface of HD 965 is highly non-uniform. The element appears concentrated around the magnetic poles, especially the negative one. Conclusions. The shape of the longitudinal magnetic variation curve of HD 965 indicates that its magnetic field is essentially symmetric about an axis passing through the centre of the star. Overall, HD 965 appears similar to the bulk of the long-period Ap stars, as far as its magnetic field is concerned.
Detection of metal-rich, cool-warm gas in the outskirts of galaxy clusters

We present an ultraviolet quasar absorption line analysis of metal lines associated with three strong intervening H i absorbers (with $N(\rm {{H}\,{\small I}})$ > 1016.5 cm−2) detected in the outskirts of Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect-selected galaxy clusters (zcl ∼ 0.4–0.5), within clustocentric impact parameters of ρcl ∼ (1.6–4.7)r500. Discovered in a recent set of targeted far-UV HST/COS spectroscopic observations, these absorbers have among the highest H i column densities ever observed in the outskirts of galaxy clusters, and are also rich in metal absorption lines. Photoionization models yield single phase solutions for the three absorbers with gas densities of nH ∼ 10−3–10−4 cm−3 and metallicities of [X/H] > −1.0 (from one-tenth solar to near-solar). The widths of detected absorption lines suggest gas temperatures of T ∼ 104 K. The inferred densities (temperatures) are significantly higher (lower) compared to the X-ray emitting intracluster medium in cluster cores. The absorbers are tracing a cool phase of the intracluster gas in the cluster outskirts, either associated with gas stripped from cluster galaxies via outflows, tidal streams or ram-pressure forces, or denser regions within the intracluster medium that were uniformly chemically enriched from an earlier epoch of enhanced supernova and Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) feedback.
Conditional probability in Renyi spaces

In 1933 Kolmogorov constructed a general theory that defines the modern concept of conditional probability. In 1955 Renyi fomulated a new axiomatic theory for probability motivated by the need to include unbounded measures. This note introduces a general concept of conditional probability in Renyi spaces. Keywords: Measure theory; conditional probability space; conditional expectation
Characterisation of a Welding procedure Based on Monitoring of Welding variables

The welding parameters are key components of the welding procedure. Accurate measurement and recording of these data are equally important during weldability tests and during development of the Welding Procedure Specification (WPS). Consistent implementation of these parameters depends on the quality of the welding equipment and test equipment, and accurate data collection in the welding procedure. This paper presents some data on the characterization of welding procedures based on statistical analysis of welding data (current and voltage).
Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Bis-astraphloxin

This dissertation aims to demonstrate that photoluminescence spectroscopy could be an efficient technique of functionalized carbon nanotube detection and imaging. The advances in nanotechnology and the potential growth in carbon nanotubes production, in which if control mechanisms not in place for safely disposing off nanotubes, these nanotubes could pose as an environmental pollutant, due to the severe, persistent and bio-accumulative nature of these compounds. Therefore, the need for this scientific research is timely in case of some technological disaster. Besides, the study on interaction of carbon nanotubes with various organic materials provide a new knowledge and opportunities for potential application of the nanotubes.
Supporting the development of persistence: strategies for teachers of first year undergraduate students

The first year of university study has a major impact on later participation and performance. Transitioning to university from school or other contexts requires first year students to become selfdirected learners, entering an environment with minimal constraints and expectations of selfmotivation and individual effort. In 1991, Costa named the habits of mind, suggesting that demonstration of these habits will enhance the academic success of learners. This research project aimed to identify teaching and learning strategies with potential to assist first year university students to persist at a task. Persistence is one of Costa's (1991) habits, and it supports one of the Seven Principles of Good Practice in Undergraduate Education, recently adopted by Central Queensland University. This paper outlines data gathered from two participating tutors of first year teacher education students at a Queensland regional campus. Participant journals and individual interviews were the data sources. Analysis revealed that student persistence can be developed and enhanced through teaching and learning strategies focusing on reflection on learning, shared experiences, and positive feedback, even though different pedagogical approaches were adopted. Specifically, one tutor addressed the habit of persistence explicitly, the other did not, yet both groups of students showed evidence of having persisted at their tasks.
Assessing Dual Language Learners with Primary Language Impairments: Developing an assessment approach

line on any combination of assessment tools. In addition, results showed that TD DLLs outperformed DLLs with PLI on language processing tasks, but fell below monolingual standard scores. Correlation analysis showed that performance was impacted by internal/external factors. While best practice calls for assessment of DLLs in both/all the languages in which they function, a combination of indirect and carefully selected direct assessment tasks may support SLPs to correctly distinguish TD DLLs from DLLs with PLI. This approach may have the potential to minimize the disadvantage of minimal or reduced exposure to English in the assessment process of DLLs while providing a practical and evidence based solution for speech language pathologists.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Üstün Yetenekliler Eğitimine İlişkin Tutum ve Öz-yeterliklerinin İncelenmesi

Bu calismanin amaci, ustun yetenekli ogrencilerin tanilanmasinda, aday gosterme surecinde gorev alan sinif ogretmenlerinin, ustun yetenekliler egitimine iliskin oz - yeterliklerinin ve tutumlarinin belirlenmesidir. Tarama modelinde yapilan bu calismada, Diyarbakir Ilinde 2014 - 2015 ogretim yilinda kume ornekleme metoduna gore belirlen 19 ilkokul orneklem olarak alinmistir. Bu okullarin 2.3. 4.siniflarinda gorev yapan 222 sinif ogretmenine ulasilmistir. Ustun Yetenekliler Egitimine Iliskin Oz - yeterlik Olcegi (UYEOO) ve Ustun Yeteneklilerin Egitimine Iliskin Ogretmen Tutum Olcegi (UYETO) ile alinan veriler, SPSS 18 pr ograminda degerlendirilmistir. Elde edilen bulgular isiginda sinif ogretmenlerin ustun yeteneklilerin egitimine iliskin tutum puan ortalamalarinin orta duzeyin ustunde oldugu ( 𝑋 =3.80) ve cinsiyete gore farklilasmadigi gorulmustur (p>.05). Ayrica, sinif ogretmenlerin ustun yeteneklilerin egitimine iliskin oz - yeterlik puan ortalamalarinin orta duzeyin ustunde oldugu ( 𝑋 =3.43), sinif ogretmenlerinin ustun yeteneklilerin egitimine iliskin oz - yeterlik puanlari ile yalnizca ustun yeteneklilere iliskin tutum olcegi alt boyutu olan ustun yeteneklilerin ihtiyaclari ve destek boyutunda bir iliski bulundugu belirlenmistir (r=.15).
Host galaxies of high-redshift extremely red and obscured quasars

We present Hubble Space Telescope 1.4–1.6 $\mu$m images of the hosts of 10 extremely red quasars (ERQs) and six type 2 quasar candidates at z = 2–3. ERQs, whose bolometric luminosities range between 1047 and 1048 erg s−1, show spectroscopic signs of powerful ionized winds, whereas type 2 quasar candidates are less luminous and show only mild outflows. After performing careful subtraction of the quasar light, we clearly detect almost all host galaxies. The median rest-frame B-band luminosity of the ERQ hosts in our sample is $10^{11.2}\, \mathrm{L}_{\odot }$, or ∼4L* at this redshift. Two of the 10 hosts of ERQs are in ongoing mergers. The hosts of the type 2 quasar candidates are 0.6 dex less luminous, with 2/6 in likely ongoing mergers. Intriguingly, despite some signs of interaction and presence of low-mass companions, our objects do not show nearly as much major merger activity as do high-redshift radio-loud galaxies and quasars. In the absence of an overt connection to major ongoing gas-rich merger activity, our observations are consistent with a model in which the near-Eddington accretion and strong feedback of ERQs are associated with relatively late stages of mergers resulting in early-type remnants. These results are in some tension with theoretical expectations of galaxy formation models, in which rapid black hole growth occurs within a short time of a major merger. Type 2 quasar candidates are less luminous, so they may instead be powered by internal galactic processes.