Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mother-Child Emotional Availability Mediating the Effects of Maternal Psychological Well-being and Child's Cognitive Competence on Child Behavior Problems

Recent intervention studies document that mother-child dyads with higher levels of Emotional Availability (EA) report fewer child behavior problems than dyads with lower EA. This study examines possible mechanisms that lead to this result by looking at the parent-child micro-system as a whole, with multi-dimensional relationships that include individual differences in the child's cognitive level, parental stress and parent-child interaction. A total 67 children ( to years of age) and their mothers were videotaped during 30-min play interactions. Interactions were coded using the Emotional Availability (EA) Scales (Biringen, Robinson, & Emde, 1998). Mothers completed Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, Child Behavior Checklist/ - 5, and the Ages Stages Questionnaire. The findings showed that mothers with higher levels of parenting stress were more likely to be intrusive, hostile, insensitive, and had a tendency to do less structuring in play. The children of stressed and depressed mothers demonstrated less involvement and responsiveness towards their mothers. Children who have higher dyadic EA scores experienced fewer externalizing and internalizing problems. SEM analyses results showed a mediation effect of EA on the association between maternal psychological well-being and child behavior problems. Fewer deficits in child communication skills and problem solving skills that were related with lower parenting stress and depression were associated with higher maternal non-intrusiveness. Higher non-intrusiveness was related to less internalizing and externalizing problems that indicated the indirect effect of child cognitive competence. Possible interpretations and implications of the study findings are discussed.
CONFRONTING EGO THREATS WITH REAPPRAISAL VERSUS RUMINATION A Thesis by RYAN CASKEY

Confronting Ego Threats with Reappraisal versus Rumination. (May 2009) Ryan Caskey, B.A., University of Arizona Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Brandon Schmeichel Two experiments compared the effects of two cognitive responses (i.e., rumination and cognitive reappraisal) individuals may adopt when confronted with a threat to self-regard. In Study 1, participants received negative feedback about their social skills and then rated the credibility of the source of the criticism. In Study 2, participants received negative feedback and then were given the opportunity to enhance the self on an unrelated task. Compared to reappraising the negative feedback, ruminating about the feedback led to poorer evaluations of the source of negative feedback and increased self-enhancement, respectively. These findings suggest that, compared to rumination, cognitive reappraisal helps to minimize defensive responses to
Litter and Root Manipulations Provide Insights into Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Stability

Understanding controls on C stored in soil organic matter (SOM) is of critical importance to models of biospheric C sequestration. Although ecosystem C models assume a strong relationship between plant litter inputs and soil C accumulation, there is little experimental evidence to support this assumption. The Detritus Input and Removal Treatments (DIRT) experiment at Harvard Forest was designed to assess how rates and sources of plant litter inputs control the accumulation and dynamics of organic matter in soils across decadal time scales. Carbon and SOM quantity and quality were measured in O horizon and mineral soil in five treatments: control, double litter, no litter, no roots, and no inputs. After 20 yr of manipulation, doubling litter inputs did not increase bulk soil C or N content, light or heavy fraction pools of C, or measures of labile C. However, the activities of two key enzymes (b-glucosidase and phosphomonoesterase) increased 30% with litter additions. Exclusion of either aboveground litter or root inputs resulted in sharp declines in O-horizon C and N but smaller decreases in total mineral soil C and N. However, decreases in light fraction C and soil respiration were significant in removal treatments. Litter exclusion resulted in an 18% decline in total profile mineral soil C, whereas root exclusion resulted in a 9% decline, indicating the importance of aboveground inputs to long-term C pools. Soil C pools in this forest do not respond linearly or immediately to aboveground or belowground litter inputs, and thus efforts to sequester C by managing productivity and associated litter inputs will probably not result in increased C storage in short time frames. Abbreviations: DL, double litter; NI, no inputs; NL, no litter; NR, no roots; OA-less; plots with the O and A horizons removed and replaced with mineral soil; SOM, soil organic matter.
An Influence of Polymer-Alkaline and Nanoparticles as Chemical Additives on the Immiscible Displacement and Phase Relative Permeability

In this study, a chemical additive made by a combin ation of polymer, alkaline, and silica nano particles is used to control the oil recovery and r elative permeability curves. Various parameters including the type and concentration of polymer, al kaline, and nanosilica particles have been studied. To evaluate the efficiency of these additives, we p erformed unsteady state displacement experiments under the JBN method and determined the pressure gradient across the core samples. The experimental observations emphasized that by using the appropriate chemical additives the relative permeability of the phases is changed towards highe r oil relative permeability values, which results i n the oil recovery. The results of this study can imp rove the chemical flooding for heavy oil recovery.
Evaluation of the new ESR network software for the retrieval of direct sun products from CIMEL CE318 and PREDE POM01 sun-sky radiometers

Abstract. The European Skynet Radiometers network (EuroSkyRad or ESR) has been recently established as a research network of European PREDE sun-sky radiometers. Moreover, ESR is federated with SKYNET, an international network of PREDE sun-sky radiometers mostly present in East Asia. In contrast to SKYNET, the European network also integrates users of the CIMEL CE318 sky–sun photometer. Keeping instrumental duality in mind, a set of open source algorithms has been developed consisting of two modules for (1) the retrieval of direct sun products (aerosol optical depth, wavelength exponent and water vapor) from the sun extinction measurements; and (2) the inversion of the sky radiance to derive other aerosol optical properties such as size distribution, single scattering albedo or refractive index. In this study we evaluate the ESR direct sun products in comparison with the AERosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) products. Specifically, we have applied the ESR algorithm to a CIMEL CE318 and PREDE POM simultaneously for a 4-yr database measured at the Burjassot site (Valencia, Spain), and compared the resultant products with the AERONET direct sun measurements obtained with the same CIMEL CE318 sky–sun photometer. The comparison shows that aerosol optical depth differences are mostly within the nominal uncertainty of 0.003 for a standard calibration instrument, and fall within the nominal AERONET uncertainty of 0.01–0.02 for a field instrument in the spectral range 340 to 1020 nm. In the cases of the Angstrom exponent and the columnar water vapor, the differences are lower than 0.02 and 0.15 cm, respectively. Therefore, we present an open source code program that can be used with both CIMEL and PREDE sky radiometers and whose results are equivalent to AERONET and SKYNET retrievals.
Comparison of the efficiency of mesoporous silicas as absorbents for removing naphthalene from contaminated water

Mesoporous silicas MCM-48 and SBA-15 were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Adsorption capacity of two mesoporous silica for removing naphthalene from waste water was determined. The results indicate that under similar conditions, SBA-15 had a better adsorption capacity than MCM-48. In this context, SBA-15 was modified using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and the effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, solution pH and concentration of naphthalene was investigated in batch adsorption systems. Solution pH appeared to be a key factor affecting the adsorption of naphthalene by NH2-SBA-15. The adsorption experiments revealed that a higher percentage of up to 79.3% of naphthalene was adsorbed in highly acidic media (pH of 2). The equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and nonlinear regression analysis. This revealed that based on the correlation coefficient ( R 2 = 0.979) the Langmuir model provided the best fit to the results. The adsorption kinetic was determined using the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic models. Of the kinetics models tested, the pseudo-first-order equation provided the best fit to the results ( R 2 = 0.991) of the absorption of naphthalene by the adsorbent.
Academic staff knowledge sharing intentions and university innovation capability

Knowledge is originated from the intelligence of individuals and is visible in the tasks, systems, procedures, norm and customs and is really difficult to imitate. Knowledge economy has changed the theme of innovation management. Knowledge sharing not only reduces the cost of the production or service, but also contributes to the success of the organization because knowledge sharing helps in avoiding the mistakes and develops the ability to innovate. There exist a gap in the studies that address the knowledge sharing practices. Knowledge sharing has been found to become a beneficial for different organizations especially for the development of solutions through innovations. This study has, therefore, been conducted to find out the factors that influence academic staff's knowledge sharing intentions which develop the university’s capabilities towards innovation. In order to check the factors that determine the behaviour of knowledge sharing among the academic staff, different theoretical models have been discussed that explain the individual's behaviour. On the basis of literature, 'trust' from social capital theory along with subjective norms and attitude from theory of reasoned action were used as factors influencing the knowledge sharing intentions. The data was collected by using a semi structured questionnaire. The model used for evaluation was structural equation model (SEM) and data has been analysed by using LISREL 8.70 software. The results obtained from the analysis of the data confirmed that the intensity of knowledge sharing behaviours has a positive influence on the innovative capabilities of the university. Key words: Knowledge sharing, self efficacy, innovation.
Differential effects of a systematic vocabulary intervention on adolescent language minority students with varying levels of English proficiency

The purpose of this study was to understand the reading performance of subgroups of language minority students and examine whether a research-based academic vocabulary intervention, Word Generation, has differential effects on these students’ academic vocabulary knowledge. Thirteen middle schools, propensity-score matched based on their achievement and demographic data, were randomly assigned to either treatment (n = 3,539) or control (n = 2,630) conditions. Students in both conditions were classified as either English-only (EO) or language minority students. The language minority students were further grouped as either being initially fluent English proficient (IFEP), redesignated fluent English proficient (RFEP), or limited English proficient (LEP). Multivariate analysis of variance and hierarchical linear models revealed three important findings. First, while LEP students’ scores on reading measures were significantly below those of the EO students, RFEP students’ scores were comparable to EO students’ scores. In addition, IFEP students’ scores were higher than those of the EO students. Second, there were variations within the RFEP students when they were disaggregated by time since redesignation; RFEP students’ reading scores were positively correlated with time since redesignation. Third, the treatment effect emerged only as an interaction with RFEP status. This study suggests that the benefits of a research-based intervention may vary according to students’ level of English proficiency.
Long-Run Relationship between Exports and Imports of Pakistan

The present study investigates dynamic relationship between exports and imports of Pakistan by using fiscal year data from1948-49 to 2012-13. ARDL co-integration technique has been employed to estimate the relationship and from empirical results, it is concluded that exports and imports are indeed co-integrated or in other words, long run equilibrium relationship does exist between exports and imports of Pakistan. It is further concluded that Pakistan is not violating its international budget constraints. VECM estimation also confirms that exports and imports are co-integrated and coefficient of error correction term indicates that in case of any departure from equilibrium exports adjust back at the speed of 17.147 percent of its last year disequilibrium value and it takes 5.832 years to fade away any impact caused by short term trade imbalances. Results obtained by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) test indicate that bi-directional causal relationship also exists between exports and imports of Pakistan. Findings of the current study has very important implications for policy makers to design such macroeconomic policies that can lead to establish long run equilibrium relationship between exports and imports adjusting short term trade deficit shocks to avoid violation of international budget constraints.
Histogram based Hierarchical Data Representation for Microarray Classification

A general framework for microarray classification classification relying on histogram based hierarchical clustering is proposed in this work. It produces precise and reliable classifiers based on a two-step approach. In the first step, the feature set is enhanced by histogram based features corresponding to each cluster produced via hierarchical clustering, where a parameter (maximum number of dominant genes) can be tuned based on the dataset characteristics. In the second step, a reliable classifier is built from a wrapper feature selection process called Improved Sequential Floating Forward Selection (IFFS) to properly choose a small feature set for the classification task. Considering the sample scarcity in the microarray datasets, a reliability parameter has been considered to improve the feature selection process along with classification error rate. Different combinations of error rate and reliability has been used as the scoring rule. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) classifiers have been used for this work and the performances has been compared. The potential of the proposed framework has been evaluated with three publicly available datasets : colon, lymphoma and leukaemia. The experimental results have confirmed the usefulness of the histogram based hierarchical clustering and the new representative feature generation algorithm. A gene level analysis has revealed that the best features selected by the feature selection algorithm has only very few basic constituent genes involved. The comparative results showed that the proposed framework can compete with state of the art alternatives. keywords: Microarray classification, histogram, metagenes, dominant genes, hierarchical clustering, EMD, feature selection, LDA, KNN, wrapper.
Non-Local Meets Global: An Integrated Paradigm for Hyperspectral Denoising

Non-local low-rank tensor approximation has been developed as a state-of-the-art method for hyperspectral image (HSI) denoising. Unfortunately, while their denoising performance benefits little from more spectral bands, the running time of these methods significantly increases. In this paper, we claim that the HSI lies in a global spectral low-rank subspace, and the spectral subspaces of each full band patch groups should lie in this global low-rank subspace. This motivates us to propose a unified spatial-spectral paradigm for HSI denoising. As the new model is hard to optimize, An efficient algorithm motivated by alternating minimization is developed. This is done by first learning a low-dimensional orthogonal basis and the related reduced image from the noisy HSI. Then, the non-local low-rank denoising and iterative regularization are developed to refine the reduced image and orthogonal basis, respectively. Finally, the experiments on synthetic and both real datasets demonstrate the superiority against the
Properties of selected soils from the sub-Arctic region of Labrador, Canada

A total of 212 soil profiles were described and assessed for physical and chemical properties during July 2006 as part of an Ecological Land Classification study along the Churchill River in central Labrador. Two major soil types were found in the study area along the Churchill River: Podzols and Organic soils. Podzolic soils covered approximately 60% and Organic soils occurred in 24% of the study area. Approximately 15% of the study area was classified as rock and other unconsolidated material. Summary results and a sub−set of the following soil units (from 10 soil profiles) are presented here and were distin− guished according to the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC) (Soil Classifica− tion Working Group 1998): Orthic Humo−Ferric Podzol, Placic Ferro−Humic Podzol, Gleyed Humo−Ferric Podzol, Sombric Humo−Ferric Podzol, Gleyed Regosol and Orthic Luvic Gleysol. The basic properties of the soil units identified above included: (i) morpho− logical descriptions of soil profiles with differentiated horizons; (ii) field−texture tests were used to determine classes and physical properties of sands, silts, loams and occurrence of mottles; and (iii) a range of soil chemical composition of different horizons (e.g., pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and select metal concentrations) which indicated no anthropogenic contamination above background concentrations in the area.
Framework for Management of Post-Conflict Waste in Libya

An important aspect of the Libyan conflict since the 2011 Arab Spring is the generation and management of huge volumes of construction and demolition (C&D) type waste, arising from conflict-related damage to the built environment. Estimates put the amount of Post-Conflict Waste (PCW) at about 82 million tonnes, much of which comprises potentially useful materials that could be reused or further processed and used in construction and other sectors of the economy. This paper presents and discusses the challenges that affect the use, reuse and recycling of such materials. To validate findings from literature, a pilot questionnaire survey of 70 professionals working in the waste management sector was carried out to identify the barriers constraining sustainable management of solid waste stream in three major Libyan cities. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0. Based on the identified barriers, a framework for sustainable management of post-conflict waste arising in Libya has been designed in line with the medium-term infrastructure development objectives of the Libyan government. The paper recommends an urgent revision of applicable legislation and the formulation of new ones to address identified gaps in sustainable waste management. It is envisaged that results from this study will help underpin post-conflict sustainable development goals in Libya.
Relationship between Financial Leverage and Financial Performance: Evidence from Fuel & Energy Sector of Pakistan

Fuel and energy sector serves as the backbone of the economy. The segment provides support, not only for the economic development of the country by showing positive trends towards the sectoral growth, but also serves as a steering wheel for the growth of manufacturing, trading and service sector. It provides significant inputs for production, trade and service. A general concept prevails that the financial leverage is helpful to enhance the financial performance of the companies. For measuring the impact of financial leverage on the financial health of the companies, it is essential to know whether a positive relationship exists between the financial leverage and financial performance or not? So, this study is intended to test the hypothesis and to measure a relationship between the financial leverage and the financial performance of the fuel and energy sector in Pakistan. The paper also examines the generalization that firms with higher profitability may choose high leverage by using various statistical tools. The findings of the study show a positive relationship between the financial leverage and the financial performance of the companies by accepting the alternate hypothesis H 1 and Ho is rejected. The results of the study confirm that the firms having higher profitability may improve their financial performance by having high levels of financial leverage. The study provides evidence by evaluating different facts. It reveals that the players of the fuel and energy in Pakistan can improve at their financial performance by employing the financial leverage and can arrive at a sustainable future growth by making vital decisions about the choice of their optimal capital structure. Key Words: Financial leverage, Firms’ Performance, Key Indicators- Financial Ratios, Fuel and Energy Sector in Pakistan
Full Aperture CO2 Laser Process to Improve Laser Damage Resistance of Fused Silica Optical Surface

An improved method is presented to scan the full-aperture optical surface rapidly by using galvanometer steering mirrors. In contrast to the previous studies, the scanning velocity is faster by several orders of magnitude. The velocity is chosen to allow little thermodeposition thus providing small and uniform residual stress. An appropriate power density is set to obtain a lower processing temperature. The proper parameters can help to prevent optical surface from fracturing during operation at high laser flux. S-on-1 damage test results show that the damage threshold of scanned area is approximately 40% higher than that of untreated area.
Latin American Cycles: Has Anything Changed After the Great Recession?

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the evolution of growth cycles and business cycles in Latin America from 1980 to 2013 by using monthly industrial production. Focusing on both synchronization and other cyclical features, we find evidence of significant cyclical links between the countries of the region, which seem to be highly integrated in this period. Notably, we find that the Great Recession did not lead to any significant impact on the preexisting Latin American cyclical linkages.
She Said, She Said: Differential Interpersonal Similarities Predict Unique Linguistic Mimicry in Online Word of Mouth

This research examines the antecedents, causes, and consequences of linguistic mimicry, which assesses how closely individuals match others’ word use. We examine mimicry of linguistic style (how things are said) and content (what is said) in online word of mouth (WOM). To our knowledge, this research provides the first demonstration of unique linguistic mimicry, where consumers engaging in online WOM differentially mimic other posters’ word use. Two experiments and one study using field data show that when consumers are personally similar to an individual who has previously posted (e.g., same gender), they mimic this individual’s positive emotion and social word use. When consumers are similar in status to an individual who has previously posted (e.g., same forum ranking), they mimic this individual’s cognitive and descriptive word use. This differential mimicry is driven by affiliation versus achievement goals, respectively, and affects consumers’ engagement in online WOM in terms of posting incidence and volume.