Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social and economic aspects of environmental protection measures for environmental safety

There is an environmental assessment of construction projects in the Russian Federation. The results of this assessment can reduce the risks posed by projects which are already implemented. Current trends in the development of environmental safety in the assessment should be aimed at improving the level of environmental protection during construction. The environmental assessment of the construction in the region should take into account the optimal conditions for preventing the damage to the population, both during construction and throughout the entire life cycle of the designed facility. The environmental problem of finding the optimal mutual location of objects should take into account a large number of factors that determine the cost of construction of a specific type of objects in a given territory, the cost of organizing infrastructure and the improvement of a given territory. It is necessary to formulate a criterion for the optimal location of objects, taking into account the current environmental situation and to predict the costs of environmental restoration, for example, socially significant costs of restoring people's health. The use of calculations contributes to reducing the environmental burden of the region, improving the quality of life of the population, rational use of territories and resources, which in general will affect its favorable development. The favorable development of all regions, with its natural features, provides prospective well-being of the country as a whole. Keywords—environmental safety; environmental costs; ecology in construction; construction organization; economics in ecology; environmental protection measures; environmental assessment; mathematical modeling in ecology
Adoption of CSR and Sustainability Reporting Standards: Economic Analysis and Review

This study provides an economic analysis of the determinants and consequences of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability reporting. To frame our analysis, we consider a widespread mandatory adoption of CSR reporting standards in the United States. The study focuses on the economic effects of standards for disclosure and reporting, not on the effects of CSR activities and policies themselves. It draws on an extensive review of the relevant academic (CSR and non-CSR) literatures in accounting, economics, finance, and management. Based on a discussion of the fundamental economic forces at play and the key features and determinants of (voluntary) CSR reporting, we derive and evaluate possible economic consequences, including capital-market effects for select stakeholders as well as potential firm responses and real effects in firm behavior. We also highlight issues related to the implementation and enforcement of CSR reporting standards. Our analysis yields a number of insights that are relevant to the current debate on CSR and sustainability reporting and provides scholars with avenues for future research.
Smoking Cessation Education Needs as Reported by Current Smokers, Former Smokers, and Nurses

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in the importance of selected smoking cessation information to current smokers, former smokers, and nurses in the Appalachian population. There were no instruments found in the literature to assess the perceptions of educational content for smoking cessation, therefore, a Smoking Cessation Education (SCE) survey was developed to measure the perceptions. The conceptual framework for this study was based on the Health Belief Model developed by psychologists Drs. Godfrey M. Hochbaum, S. Stephen Kegeles, Howard Leventhal, and Irwin M. Rosenstock. Design: The SCE is a ten question survey scored using a five point Likert type scale. Data for the survey was collected within the month of March 2004. Method: Data was collected from twenty three current smokers, twenty former smokers, and twenty nurses from a major medical center in southern West Virginia. Each subject received the Smoking Cessation Education survey, as well as written instructions on how to complete the instrument, a demographic form, and a consent form. Findings: The results of this study found the topic of health risks to children with the highest percentage of very important responses among all three groups (91%, n=57). Ninety percent of nurses (n=18) rated risks of smoking and health risks to children of smokers as very important. Ninety five percent of former smokers (n=19) and eighty seven percent of current smokers (n=20) also rated health risks to children of smokers as very important. Conclusion: This study indicated the topic of health risks to children of smokers as a very important educational topic for nurses and other health care providers to influence smoking cessation. Continuing research is needed to discover and assess other methods for smoking cessation. Smoking Cessation Education iv Table of
PENGARUH STRUKTUR CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN AUDIT TENURE TERHADAP INTEGRITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the influence of corporate governance structure and audit tenure on the integrity of financial statements. Population ofthis research is manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange starting from 2015-2017. The sample selection used purposive sampling method and retrieved 66 companies. In this research, analysis data used multiple regression method.The results show that the corporate governance structure, consisted of independent commissioners, managerial ownership and audit committees had positive and significant influence on the integrity of financial statements, but institusional ownership had no influence. Meanwhile, audite tenure had negative and significant influence on integrity of financialstatements.
Working after hours, sharing availability expectations, and interrupting yourself: Extending perspectives on ICT-related concepts in research

Zusammenfassung This dissertation investigates Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and their role for recovery, well-being, and performance at work. The three empirical studies compiled in this dissertation investigate the influence of ICT work-related use at work and at home, as well as supervisors’ expectations regarding extended availability. The three main goals of the dissertation were to explore alternative ways of understanding ICT-related concepts, to identify additional factors that change their impact and the way they can be managed, and to implement methodological research designs that allow for an appropriate and thorough investigation of our research questions. The first study examines the temporal relationship between workrelated ICT use and detachment from work with a cross-lagged panel diary study. The second study focuses on supervisors’ expectations regarding availability and concludes that explicitly sharing expectations is beneficial for subordinates. The third study differentiates between internal and external interruptions on a conceptual level and based on this, investigates their different impact on task performance in two laboratory experiments. Die hier vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit dem Einfluss von Informationsund Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) auf die Erholung, das Wohlbefinden und die Arbeitsleistung von Wissensarbeitern. Die Arbeit setzt sich aus drei empirischen Studien zusammen, die den Einfluss von arbeitsbezogener IKT-Nutzung bei der Arbeit und am Feierabend, sowie die Erwartungen von Führungskräften, dass Mitarbeiter durch IKT erreichbar bleiben, untersuchen. Eines der zentralen Ziele der Dissertation ist, die herkömmlichen Perspektiven auf IKT um alternative Prozesse oder Sichtweisen zu ergänzen. Darüber hinaus werden zusätzliche Faktoren identifiziert, die den Einfluss von IKT verändern. Weiterhin werden in den drei Studien Forschungsmethoden eingesetzt, mit denen die gestellten Forschungsfragen adäquat und gründlich bearbeitet werden können. Die erste Studie ermittelt
Premarital sexual attitudes and experiences in university students

Although premarital sex is common in many western societies, it is quite limited particularly in eastern societies. We aimed of in this study; on premarital sexual attitudes/ behaviors and related factors in University students. Among our subjects, we found that premarital masturbation rates among women and men were 26.47% and 83.60% respectively. We also found that the rates of having coitus with another person were 5.88% in women, and 39.92% in men. We found showed that premarital sexual attitudes and behaviors were more liberal than those in societies living within traditional Islamic culture, and more conservative than those in developed societies. Because of increase in premarital sexual experiences, in unwanted pregnancy rates and sexually transmitted diseases, sexual education and studies facilitating the access to sources of information are needed to prevent these problems from affecting youth psychologically and physiologically.
Identification with Stigmatised Groups: Does Group Identification Lead to Poor Self-Esteem?

Aims: If an individual receives a diagnosis, this can identify them as a member of a stigmatised group. The aim of this paper is to review the relevant literature in order to address three main questions about group identification. 1) When an individual is identified by others as being a member of a stigmatised group, do they tend to identify themselves as a member of that group? 2) What is the relationship between identification with a stigmatised group and self-evaluation? 3) Is this relationship different for mental health and learning disabilities diagnoses? Method: The academic literature was searched using PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase, Medline and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed articles that explore the relationship between group identification, self-stigma and self-evaluation in the two diagnosed groups: mental health problems and learning disabilities. Results: Sixty-eight studies were identified by systematic search, 13 met criteria for this review. Eight papers focused on mental health and five focused on learning disabilities. Conclusions: There was variation in quality of methodology used, so conclusions are tentative. People tended to identify with their group but variation in level of group identification was found. Identification with the mental health problems group seemed to impact negatively on self-evaluation when the group had little value to the group member and group membership did not aid coping with stigma; if the group was valued and coping resources increased, self-evaluation could be protected. Ingroup, downward comparison to protect self-evaluation was present in both groups, but was more of a focus in the learning disabilities literature; there were no reports of the learning disabilities group being valued by its members. Implications for future research are discussed, including the study of other diagnoses such as Autism Spectrum Condition.
In vitro processing of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells to enhance delivery in liver disease

Currently the only effective treatment for end stage liver disease is transplantation together with immune-modulating drugs. Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been shown to suppress inflammation, potentiate regeneration and act as vectors for gene therapy. Thus, MSC infusions offer an attractive potential therapy for treating liver disease. However a number of obstacles exist in MSC delivery before they can be used therapeutically. Although MSC can migrate to sites of injury after in vivo administration, their engraftment within the liver is often poor, potentially limiting their therapeutic action. I have shown that detaching MSC from culture using non-enzymatic methods is superior in retaining surface chemokine receptor expression. Furthermore, I have shown that these receptors are functional in migration and attachment assays both in vitro and in vivo in carbon-tetrachloride induced liver injury. TGFβ1 stimulated MSC were able to further enhance engraftment via up-regulation of surface CXCR3. Additionally the potent immunosuppressive properties of MSC, mediated via Prostaglandin E2, were enhanced after TGFβ1 stimulation. Thus my studies demonstrate that manipulation of MSC through careful choice of detachment methods and exogenous cytokine stimulation can improve their engraftment in injured liver and their immunosuppressive properties with implications for improving the efficacy of MSC therapy.
eHealth literacy 2.0 of patients with rheumatic diseases

Background : Health 2.0 offers various opportunities to facilitate self-management of patients with a rheumatic disease. However, a sufficient level of eHealth literacy is necessary to be able to take full advantage of the possibilities. Previous research focused on skills necessary for the use of Health 1.0. Insight in skills related to the use of Health 2.0 is still lacking. Objective : The aim of this study is to provide insight into the level of eHealth literacy of patients with rheumatic diseases and the problems they experience when using Health 2.0. Methods : A scenario-based performance test was conducted by 16 patients with rheumatic diseases. The test consisted of ten tasks with five applications in a patient portal, a patient support discussion board and a health care rating website. Participants were asked to think aloud and screen activity was recorded. The participants were interviewed after completing their tasks. Completion, performance, required time and encountered problems were measured and coded by two independent researchers. All actions and problems of patients were coded and categorized bottom-up in main and sub categories. Results : Most patients could complete more than half of the tasks; however many participants possessed insufficient skills to take full advantage of all possibilities of Health 2.0. A large diversity in eHealth literacy skills was observed. However, all patients encountered multiple problems in the following categories of skills: operating the computer and Internet, orienting and navigating on the web, searching for health information and applications and evaluating relevance and reliability. Additionally, two new categories, essential for Health 2.0, were included: adding personal health content and protecting privacy. Conclusions : Although Health 2.0 is promising for self-management, a number of patients with rheumatic diseases is not able to take full advantage of Health 2.0. Instruction and guidance are essential to optimize the use of Health 2.0 applications. These instructions could be given in a course or in the applications themselves and should focus on evaluating relevance and reliability, adding personal health content and protecting privacy. The results of this study may help to extend existing eHealth literacy scales to be able to measure the level of eHealth literacy for the use of Health 2.0. The results also provide directions for future research about predictors of eHealth literacy.
Patterns of undeclared students' major declarations

The current state o f where General Studies (undeclared) students at Montana State University (approximately one-third o f the entering, freshmen class each fall semester) declared their initial, specified majors, and what their patterns o f major declaration were after leaving General Studies was unknown. The purpose of this quantitative, descriptive study was to describe in which Colleges and curricula these students declared majors, and the semesters o f declaration and credits completed at the time of declaration. Also, what students had stated as considered majors their first semester was reviewed for similarities to their declared majors, or to determine if students considering majors not available at MSU were more likely to remain undeclared or exit the University. Two sources of information were used in this study: students’ academic transcripts and their responses to a firstsemester survey asking what majors they were considering. A total o f 248 students from the study population (N = 449) declared majors over the four semesters o f the study. They declared majors in a variety o f curricula in the University’s seven Colleges, but the Colleges o f Education, Health and Human Development, Arts and Architecture, and Letters and Science received the majority of students. Over 90% of the students declared a major as continuing freshmen or sophomores (less than 46 credits), and an equal percentage persisted in their initial, specified major over the study period. The majority declared a major similar to one considered their first semester, and whether or not MSU offered a major they were considering did not have a large effect upon attrition or remaining undeclared. Finally, this population o f undeclared students was retained at a level similar to the overall retention rate o f MSU’s entering freshmen from that Fall. The results suggest these students have diverse academic interests, as exhibited by their major declarations in curricula across the campus, and declaring a specified major is important to them since more than 90% did so while they were either freshmen or first semester sophomores. Even though undeclared, the majority do have an idea of what area o f study they will pursue and they persist at rates similar to students who enter the University in declared majors. The importance of understanding the major declarations and patterns of this large and diverse group of students is critical for effective resource planning and management o f the University.
Does Audit Fees and Non-Audit Fees Matters in Audit Quality?

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of audit fees and non-audit fees on audit quality of the Public Listed Companies in Malaysia. The research is timely as recently, and many business cases have been exploded after an unqualified audit report issued on the financial statement of the company. The quantitative research approach and secondary data utilized for this study. Further, this study employs a cross−sectional which the data collected from 201 listed company on Bursa Malaysia for the financial year ending in 2017. The results reveal that non-audit fees (NAF) and audit fees (AF) have influenced the audit quality (AQ). The finding of this study conducive to auditing literature by enhancing the knowledge of audit scholars and able to assist policy maker such as the Malaysia Institute of Accountants (MIA) in developing new strategy or policies that can enhance the AQ.
Review on Characteristics of Dairy Value Chain: Way Forward to Design Viable Strategies for Upgrading in Ethiopia

Ethiopia is endowed with diverse and large livestock populations resides in suitable environmental condition. The aim of this review is to review characteristics of dairy value chains as a way forward to design viable strategies for upgrading of the Ethiopian dairy sector. Dairy production systems are classified as small scale, peri-urban and urban based on climate, production intensity, land holding and integration with crop productions. Moreover, considering market orientations, scale of operation and production intensity, it is classified as traditional smallholder, private state far, and urban and peri-urban systems. Ethiopian value chain is characterized by both formal and informal channels and exist complex. From the total amount of milk produced nationally only 5% of it is marketed. In Ethiopia, the dairy sector has an immense role in securing household income and job creations. Understanding the value chain definitely starts with consumer demand and continues with different levels of production, processing and marketing. For describing all activities, actors, relationship among different levels of the chain and connections between producers and intermediaries the designing value chain map is found vital. There are various challenges that restrain the dairy sector to express to its potential. There is limited contribution from the scholars with regard to dairy value chains and designing viable strategies for upgrading. Therefore, it is found difficult to realize, formulate and implement desirable intervention measures to upgrade the dairy value chain development actions. Hence it is vital to go with construction of viable strategies for upgrading existing value chain systems.
The Benefits and Challenges of Registered Apprenticeship: The Sponsors' Perspective

This report analyzes a survey of a nationally representative sample of sponsors of registered apprenticeship programs. Commissioned by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor, the survey includes questions about how sponsors (mainly employers) view their registered apprenticeship programs. The study analyzes these survey responses on the value, benefits, and drawbacks of registered apprenticeship, its integration with the workforce investment systems, apprentice completion and reasons for non-completion, and suggestions for possible improvement. In general, sponsors report highly positive attitudes about registered apprenticeship as a system for training their workforce.
Radiofrequency Lesions of the Dorsal Root Ganglion in the Treatment of Spinal Pain

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Asset Substitution Incentives and Uncertain Tax Choices

The equity holders of a firm typically control investment choices but enjoy limited liability, since the value of equity is the firm’s value in excess of the value of debt and other fixed claims. The asset substitution problem allows equity holders to expropriate value from other claimants by shifting downside risk from failed projects. To do so, equity holders substitute riskier investments for those with less risk. In the context of tax choices, firms pursue uncertain tax projects to reduce their current or future tax payments. Given the negative consequences of tax uncertainty documented by prior studies, understanding why firms pursue more uncertain tax projects is important for both internal and external stakeholders. In this study, I construct a model of the firm that highlights how asset substitution incentives influence the adoption of uncertain tax projects. I confirm the inferences from this model empirically to illustrate when firms are more likely to prefer more uncertain tax projects due to the investment distortion created by asset substitution incentives. Specifically, I find that firms in financial distress, firms with high growth potential, and loss firms adopt more uncertain tax projects than other firms. These results provide relevant insight for debt holders, regulators, and enforcement bodies.