Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender effects on the post-facilitation performance of two dioecious Juniperus species

Summary 1. Plant facilitation usually changes to competition as plants age. In dioecious plants, females should be affected more negatively than males by stressful conditions because of the greater costs of female reproduction. 2. We investigated the gender effects on the post-facilitation performance of adult plants of two dioecious Juniperus species from the high mountains of eastern Spain: J. sabina L. acts as a nurse plant for J. communis L. We compared physiological (water potential, carbon isotope discrimination and nitrogen concentration), vegetative (shoot growth) and reproductive (number of male flowers, and number of fruits and seeds) characters of associated and non-associated plants of both species, to test the hypothesis that this association represents a more stressful condition for females than for males because of the greater costs of female reproduction. 3. Despite their close phylogenetic relatedness, both species showed a distinct performance pattern after the facilitation phase. Association with the nurse plant reduced the growth and reproductive capacity of both genders in J. communis , the facilitated species. In contrast, the association with J. communis did not affect the fitness of the nurse plant, J. sabina , although in accordance with our hypothesis a gender effect was found on several physiological parameters. Thus J. sabina- associated females had a more negative water potential and carbon isotope discrimination than the associated males, but there were no differences between genders when growing in isolation. 4. The consequences of the post-facilitation interaction between the two long-lived woody Juniperus species are asymmetrical: harmful for the facilitated species, but harmless for the nurse. 5. Gender had also asymmetrical consequences on some functional traits of the nurse ‐ but not the facilitated ‐ species.
Contributions for Dendritic and Regulatory Cells Overlap between Alloimmunity and Autoimmunity in the Rat and Human : Evidence for Important

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Chain relations of reduced distribution functions and their associated correlation functions

For a closed system, the integration (trace in the quantum case) over one particle of a reduced distribution function is related to the reduced distribution function of one lower order. The particular details of this “chain” relation depend sensitively on the detailed manner in which the reduced distribution functions are defined, specifically their normalization. Correlation functions are defined in terms of reduced distribution functions, which fixes the normalization of the correlation functions and, provided they exist, their associated chain relations. Chain relations for the correlation functions are shown to exist for normalizations of generic type but not for normalizations of specific type. The normalization requirement is shown, in general, to prevent the direct association of correlation functions with physical clusters, which is commonly assumed in the literature. These relations are illustrated for an ideal gas of monomers and dimers. The effect of taking the thermodynamic limit on the chain relations for this system is discussed. This illustrates how the thermodynamic limit generally destroys the chain relations.
How Science Classroom Teaching Styles May Influence Interest Scores of Different Boredom Types

Our study deals with the application of a quantitative boredom item battery for testing the trait-boredom variable within science lessons of different classroom situations. 298 5th graders participated in this study. We monitored “mental underload”, “unused learning time” and “mental overload” by extracting four boredom types by cluster analysis which we subsequently labelled “optimally challenged”, “moderately challenged”, “reluctant” and “bored”. Our data identified 23% of our sample group as being bored during science instruction. Therefore we applied an innovative, alternative teaching style (in this case a student-centred, hands-on instruction). While H ighest scores in interest and lowest ones in this new instruction generally were showed those boredom types which are associated with satisfied with science classroom situations . O ur data identified 23% of our sample group as being bored during science instruction even when an innovative, alternative teaching style (in this case a student-centred, hands-on instruction) was applied. We conclude the knowledge about the described factors may substantially support science teachers to optimize their classroom efforts and to serve their students’ individual needs in science lessons.
Assessment of Backpacks Parameters and Postural Structure Disturbances Association among Iranian Children

Background: Postural structure abnormalities have been highly prevalent among children in primary school children.The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the backpacks weight and method of carrying with postural structure disturbances in primary school children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 472 primary school children in Karaj-Iran. Study investigators, assessed stature structure disturbances of head, neck, and spinal cord based on the New York scoring protocol. Ergonomic data of backpacks such as type of bag, weight of students' bags, the method of carrying bag, feeling pain when carrying the backpack, the mean time for carrying the backpack from school to home, was evaluated Results: In this study 97.2% of students carried backpacks as the school bags and only 1.9% carried their bags correctly. The mean time for carrying backpacks was associated with the increased risk for posture disorder including forward head (p<0.001), crookneck (p = 0.006), scoliosis (p = 0.006), lordosis (p = 0.006), and kyphosis (p<0.001). Also, the risk for all disturbances was significantly higher in those students who carried their bags themselves than others used services. Kyphosis was significantly more prevalent in students having backpacks weighted higher than 10% of their body weight (odds ration [OR] = 2.50, 95%confidence interval[CI]: 1.61-4.10, p < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the results the postural structure disturbances was partially high among primary school children and were closely associated with some ergonomic parameters such as weight and type of backpack.
Profiling Disadvantaged Undergraduate Students in Higher Education

Abstract The focus of this paper is the academic progress of university students who come from disadvantaged schools. While research has been conducted on students’ academic progress at higher education institutions, previous studies were generic in that they treated students as a homogenous group. This study differentiates different groups of students using the quintile system and links this to their academic progress.This study was conducted within the sustainable livelihoods approach and sought to explore three aspects of the population under study: namely, livelihood assets, context, and outcomes both before attending university and during their studies. It measured pre-university assets (such as school quintile) against pre-university outcomes (such as matric scores) and then applied these to university outcomes such as grade point average (GPA) and time to graduation. The results show that low quintile students have much lower average matric scores, achieve amuch lower GPA of just 50% and lower, have a much higher dropout rate (of more than 51%) and take longer to achieve a degree (four to seven years for three-year degrees and five to seven years for four-year degrees) than high quintile students.
Structure of Schrödinger’s Nucleon: Elastic Form-Factors and Radii

The Galilei invariant model of the nucleon as a system of three point particles, whose dynamics is governed by Schrodinger equation, after six Hamiltonian parameters fitting, predicts magnetic momenta, masses and charge radii of the proton and neutron with experimental precision. Now this model is applied in order to investigate nucleon charge, mass and magnetism distributions. The obtained electric and magnetic form factors at low values of momentum transfer are in satisfactory agreement with experimental information. The model predicts that neutron is a more compact system than proton.
Propagation of Currents on a Humanoid Phantom with Skin-Imitating Sheets Mixed with a Normal Saline Solution to Determine the Effect of Embedded Modules

In recent years, further basic research is required for phantoms with artificial skin and bodily fluid/gelatin mixtures containing normal saline solution (NSS). The phantom used in this study mainly consisted of silicon rubber and had small amounts of other chemical substances. The phantom possessed the stature of an average middle-aged to elderly Japanese man. This humanoid phantom, along with other similar ones, has been used in experiments conducted by the communications industry to measure electromagnetic wave streams and diffusion from common cellular phones. In this work, we measured the propagation and diffusion of alternating currents on and within the phantom over measurement frequencies ranging from 5 Hz to 1 MHz. We also partially wrapped the phantom with skin-imitating gel sheets. Finally, we mixed NSS with the gel sheets, and, by analyzing the data obtained, elucidated the effect of common electric currents from medical machines (e.g., low-frequency therapy equipment) on a common pacemaker and other embedded electrical modules. We suggest practical information and advice for further improvements for the physically challenged and the elderly. Our device holds promise for researchers and developers of phantoms and robots used as virtual physical simulators, which can be combined with existing computational simulation software.
The Impact of Mozart Music on Translator Students' Performance and its Relationship with Students' Extraversion or Introversion Personality Traits

The present research aimed to investigate the effect of background Mozart Classical music on translator students' performance. In this study, the researchers focused not only on the relationship between music and translation but also on the relationship between music and personality traits. The main question this study tried to answer was whether using background music might enhance students' translation scores. To answer this question, 32 students from Islamic Azad University of Quchan, Iran, participated in this study. They were selected out of 40 students, employing Nelson proficiency test and were randomly assigned to two groups. The participants in experimental group were asked to translate three texts accompanied by background music, but the subjects in the control group were asked to translate the same texts without background music during three sessions. Students’ translations were scored based on Kim's (2009) meaning-oriented translation assessment model. Statistical analyses were applied for qualitative data and an interview was designed for the qualitative research question. Researchers concluded that there was a significant difference between the translation scores of the experimental and control groups. The former outperformed the latter group on the translation task.
Evaluating Ecosystem-Based Reference Points for Atlantic Menhaden

AbstractImplementation of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) for forage fish requires methods to evaluate tradeoffs associated with competing management objectives that focus on supporting fishery yields or providing food for predators. We developed an Ecopath with Ecosim ecosystem model of the U.S. Northwest Atlantic continental shelf (NWACS) for the period 1982–2013 to inform an EAFM for Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus. The model (with 61 trophic groups and 8 fishing fleets) was parameterized and fitted to time series using data from stock assessments, surveys, and literature. Fifty-year simulations evaluated how Atlantic Menhaden fishing mortality rates (F) influenced different ecosystem indicators, including population biomasses, fishery yields, prey-to-predator ratios, and the proportion of trophic groups that were positively or negatively affected. We quantified tradeoffs associated with a range of alternative ecosystem-based reference points for Atlantic Menhaden F and bioma.
LINKING MINDS THROUGH JOINT ATTENTION: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

Joint attention is the shared focus of two or more people on the same thing. Do they know that others are attending to the same object entirely through sensory cues, such as observing the direction of others’ gazes, or does joint attention also involve a kind of mental resonance ? Parapsychological investigations have shown a small but significant effect of mental intention at a distance when remote participants were looking at similar objects. This study investigated a more straightforward kind of joint attention, with participants looking directly at the same object. In this investigation the participants worked in pairs. They were separated by a wall in such a way that they could not see each other, but both could see a target object such as an apple. Tests consisted of 20 trials, each lasting about 10 seconds. One of the participants (the ‘looker’) either looked at the object, or did not look, in a random sequence, and the other participant (the ‘guesser’) had to guess whether or not the other person was looking at the object. Altogether there were 310 tests with 6,200 trials. The total number of hits was 3,255 (52.5%), significantly above the chance level of 50% (p = 0.00003). In 155 of the tests the hit rate was above chance, and in 109 below chance. The higher number of positive than negative tests was significant at the p = 0.003 level. There was no significant effect of trial-by-trial feedback. As in research on the sense of being stared at, there was a response bias in favour of guessing that the other person was looking, but this bias could not explain the positive results. The data suggest that the guessers were picking up unidentified influences from the lookers.
Existence and behavior of the radial limits of a bounded capillary surface at a corner

Consider a bounded capillary surface defined on a twodimensional region Ω that has a corner point at 0, with opening angle 2a. If the contact angle is bounded away from 0 and π, then the radial limits exist as 0 is approached from any direction in Ω. If the contact angle approaches limiting values as 0 is approached along each portion of the boundary, then there exist "fans" of directions adjacent to the two tangent directions at 0 in which the radial limits are constant. Other properties of the radial limit function are given and these results are used to show continuity of the solution up to 0 under certain conditions. For a convex corner, the solution is continuous up to 0 when the limiting angles 7Q", 7^ satisfy fa" - 7o" - 7όΊ < 2α and 2a + \*y£ - 7^ < π.
Taxes, Financial Markets and the Great Moderation

Recent studies have shown that there was a noticeable decline in the US corporate sector business cycle volatility from roughly the mid-1980s until the start of the recent financial crisis in 2007. This fact came to be known as the Great Moderation. During the same period, tax rates on US corporate distributions fell roughly from 43% to 17% as a result of the changes in the US income tax system that took place in the early 1980s. Motivated by these, we investigate the effects of dividend tax cuts on macroeconomic volatility. We develop a model in which firms finance investment through external equity and internal funds, and face costs of reducing labor input. Dividend taxes reduce the amount of external equity that new firms raise, so they start small and grow over time by using internal funds to a greater extent. Such financially constrained firms respond more to the business cycle shocks since they are less affected by labor reduction costs because of their growing labor demand on their life cycle. Contrarily, old and large firms respond less to business cycle shocks since they have completed their growth process, and are therefore more affected by labor reduction costs. Lower dividend taxes induce firms to issue more external equity and become financially unconstrained in a shorter amount of time, so there are fewer small, volatile firms, and therefore lower volatility in macroeconomic indicators.
Optimising the Catalyst Load for Microwave Susceptible Catalysed Dpf

The Wall-Flow Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) represent the best technology available to reduce Particulate Matter (PM or soot) emissions under EU standards: but they need a periodic regeneration. In the last years there has been a growing interest in using MW energy for DPF regeneration because of its instantaneous and selective heating process, which depends on the material dielectric properties. In a previous work presented at the PRES11 Conference, we showed that the simultaneous use of a Microwave applicator and a specifically catalysed DPF with 15 %wt of active species, allows to significatively reduce the energy and the time required for the filter regeneration. Starting by these very promising results, we continued to study in order to further improve the performances of the catalyzed DPF in terms of catalytic activity, in order to try to further lower the regeneration temperature, reducing so the energy required to ignite the combustion of the accumulated soot. In our work we want also verify the activity of the catalyzed DPF towards the NOx present in the diesel exhausts and verify the feasibility of this technology by assessing the energy balance of the entire process, in order to compare it to the regeneration technologies actually employed.
An experimental study on the flexural behavior of FRP RC beams and a comparison of the ultimate moment capacity with ACI

As it is known, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars are typically quite different from those of steel bars and they depend mainly on both matrix and fibers type, as well as on their volume fraction; although generally, FRP bars have lower weight, lower modulus of elasticity, but higher strength than steel. In the other hand, FRP has disadvantages, for instance: no yielding before brittle rupture and low transverse strength. In this research, we have investigated flexural behavior in reinforced concrete beams with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) and have analyzed the different kinds of failure, ultimate moment capacity, deflection, load of first crack, how to create and expand cracks, tensile and compressive strains created on beam and position of neutral axis (NA) during loading for different ratios of bars on 10 laboratorial specimens. Using high strength concrete instead of normal concrete and increasing the effective depth over the breadth on flexural behavior of concrete beams with GFRP had been studied. Results taken from the experimental tests have been compared with ACI 440 and they show that deflections, width of cracks and the cracks’ extent are further used toward the usual RC beams. High strength concrete instead of normal concrete is the ascended load of the first crack and it created more cracks, but with less width of crack. It is recommended that the selected ratio of effective depth over breadth (d/b) is slightly larger than 2. In addition, it can be said that the amount of the balanced bar provided by ACI 400 is not an exact criteria to determine the type of failure, and it is only in cases where the ratio of bars are lower than the balanced mode that ruptures occur in reinforcement area.
The Existing Policy and Institutional Framework for Promoting Youth Enterprise Development in Zambia 1

The protracted and deep-rooted economic crisis that has affected nearly every country in Sub – Saharan Africa (SSA), including Zambia, has had a profoundly negative impact on the well – being of the entire population in the region. However, young people aged 25 and below (the youth) growing up in the midst of the crisis have been particularly affected. Economic opportunities in the formal sector of the economy have contracted sharply. This situation has compelled unemployed young people, especially out of school youth, to venture into enterprise activities in what is generally referred to as ‘the urban informal sector’ which many African governments are now encouraging and promoting as a way of creating employment and other opportunities for young people. However, a review of existing literature indicates that no detailed study of youth enterprise activities in the urban informal sector has been conducted in Africa in general and Zambia in particular. The tendency has been to subsume the youth into the general adult population, or to generalise the enterprise activities undertaken by young people in the informal sector (Bennell, 2000; Mkandawire, 1996). This has resulted in the lack of an adequate understanding of the specific forms of informal enterprise activities that out of school youth undertake and the extent to which informal enterprises generate sufficient means for youth to produce ‘independent’ livelihoods. In particular, it means that the degree to which existing institutions meet the needs of youth enterprises is presently not known.
ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA AND ELEVATED TROPONIN: WHAT IS THEIR SIGNIFICANCE? CLINICAL REVIEW

Acute pulmonary edema (APE) is a clinical condition characterized by severe acute respiratory distress, frequently accompanied by crackling lung sounds and sudoresis. One classification system divides APE into cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic adult respiratory distress syndrome – ARDS. This study reviews cardiogenic APE, which is the most severe clinical presentation of heart failure (ADHF), and its relationship with the increase of troponin along with other factors such as abnormalities in the electrocardiogram (ECG) that may be mistaken for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Atypical symptoms could occur in the presentation of ACS in 8,4% of cases, as has been shown in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE): dyspnea (49%), sudoresis (26%), nauseas or vomiting (24%) and syncope (19%). The CK-MB enzyme was replaced by cardiac troponin (cTn) as the chosen marker of myocardial necrosis in the diagnosis of AMI in the late 90s. The cTn is a marker of cardiac damage, not just cardiac ischemia, and this may pose questions as whether there is a myocardium infarction or not. The positive results of a cTn should be interpreted considering the clinical signs of myocardial ischemia. The challenge remains and further studies are needed to aid in accurate diagnosis of both conditions (APE and ACS) as well as cases in which one results from the other because the role of coronary artery disease in acute heart failure has not been well studied in clinical trials.