Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The problems of translating medical terms from English into Arabic

Abstract This study tackles the problems of translating medical terms from English into Arabic a. It uses an evaluative approach to investigate and discuss the problems and intricacies of translating medical terms from English into Arabic. The purpose of the study is to display the difficulties of translating medical terms and how they were tackled by postgraduate students who are competent in medical translation and professional Arabic translators who work in the medical field. The study adopts a qualitative-quantitative approach. It focuses on different types of medical terms, excluding pharmacy-related terms. In order to find out and identify the real difficulties behind translating medical terms and how they could be approached by experienced translators, the researcher utilized a questionnaire test that included a set of English medical terms to be translated into Arabic by students who were doing a PhD in translation. The same questionnaire was also given to a group of professional Arabic translators. As medical terms are the key components of medical texts, the questionnaire included forty-five diversified English medical terms taken from different medical reports, namely National Health Service (NHS) leaflets and flyers and World Health Organization (WHO) reports for 2007 and 2008. The official Arabic translations of these documents were used to assess the translations given by the subjects in comparison to and contrast with some medical dictionaries and reliable medical websites. The population of the study included 54 postgraduate students (doing PhDs in Arabic translation) in Libyan (the researcher’s origin country) and UK universities and 12 Arabic translators working in UK hospitals and clinics. The results from the data analysis showed that the translation of the medical terms posed real difficulties and challenges for the students and inexperienced professional translators although the experienced professional translators found them comparatively straightforward. Hence, the result highlights the problems of translating medical terms from English into Arabic and the importance of training to work in the medical field as a translator. Also, the study concluded that literal translation, the heavy use of transliteration, inconsistency, the students’ lack of sufficient experience and practice in medical translation, and lack of up-to date English-Arabic medical dictionaries are factors that have given rise to problems in medical translation. Also, the study showed that almost no professional translators use CAT tools or MT to help them translate the medical terms.
Blast injury to the human skeleton : recognition, identification and differentiation using morphological and statistical approaches

Anthropologists are increasingly called upon to assess trauma to the skeleton and contextualising the nature of this trauma. Blast injury is a type of trauma which is increasingly seen in a variety of contexts, such as terrorism, human rights violations, combat and accidents. The purpose of this study was to examine blast injury in the human skeleton and apply robust multivariate statistical methods, alongside morphological methods, to identify blast trauma based on the distribution of injury in the skeleton. The objectives of the study were to identify patterns in a sample of cases from mass graves in Bosnia and to determine differences between the blast injury cases and gunshot wound cases which can identify indicators of blast injury for future use. This was done using Pearson‘s χ2, cluster analysis and multiple correspondence analysis. Secondly, the identified indicators were applied to two methods of binary logistic regression model to test prediction of the presence or absence of blast injury in the sample, as well as assessing the results of the two methods. Lastly, the results of these analyses were subsequently compared with clinical literature to identify similarities and differences which can aid anthropologists in determining presence of blast injury in large assemblages. This also served to address the specific argument that the injuries seen in the Bosnia sample are combat related, as claimed in court proceedings in ongoing cases at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. It was found that cluster analysis was not useful for the sample examined in the research, however multiple correspondence analysis permitted graphical differentiation between the blast injury and gunshot cases, identifying variables which contributed to the variance and could be used as indicators of blast injury. Binary logistic regression was employed to test the significant contribution of these variables to a model predicting the presence of blast injury in a sample. It was found that presence of trauma to the right shoulder girdle, left forearm, vertebrae, right pelvis and left femur could indicate the presence of blast injury in an assemblage, with correct average classification in 74.86% of cases. The prevalence of trauma in the Bosnia sample was compared with examples from terrorist incidents and combat situations to identify similarities and differences between these and found that there significant differences in the prevalence of trauma in the Bosnia sample. This highlights that this sample does not resemble any combat patterns of injury, answering the question posed in ICTY court proceedings. This work contributes new knowledge to anthropology on the identification and differentiation of blast injury in assemblages as well as demonstrating the use of multivariate statistical methods for trauma analysis. These results can be applied to anthropological investigation of historical contexts as well the modern investigations which will require knowledge of blast injury currently and in the future.
Long-term effects of vitamin C supplementation on glomerular changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background: Deficiency of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid; AA) may induce renal glomular dysfunction in diabetes. Few data are available for the role of continuous upplementation of AA on glomerular dysfunction and pathologyinduced during diabetes. Objective: To investigate long-term effects of AA supplementation on glomerular changes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (180-220 g) by injection of STZ (55 mg/kg bw, iv). The rats were divided into controls (CON), AA-supplemented controls (CON-AA), diabetic (STZ) and AA-supplemented diabetic rats (STZ-AA). AA (1 g/L) was continuously supplemented to the rats for 4, 8, 16 and 24 weeks. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), renal vascular resistance (RVR) malondialdehyde (MDA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels were measured in the renal cortex. Glomerular morphology was examined histologically. Renal hypertrophic index was calculated using kidney-to-body weight ratio (KW/BW). Results: Decreases in GFR and ERPF were ameliorated at week 16 and deteriorated at week 24 after AA supplementation in STZ-AA rats. High blood glucose concentration was attenuated only at week 16. MAD and TGF-β1 levels in renal cortex decreased significantly in STZ-AA rats at week 16 but not at week 24. The number of abnormal glomeruli and KW/BW decreased significantly at week 16 in STZ-AA rats. Conclusion: Long-term supplementation of AA may ameliorate the glomerular changes induced by diabetes.
Defining alcohol and other drug treatment and workforce.

In 2009 the Victorian Department of Health commissioned Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre to undertake a review, to identify the essential treatment components of a specialist alcohol and other drug treatment service system and the workforce required to deliver these treatment components. This information would be used to identify directions regarding proportional investment. An Expert Panel was convened, which comprised leaders from Australia, Northern Europe, and North America. The Expert Panel took part in a series of consultations to inform the project. Additional methods comprised reviews of the research literature, analysis of patterns of alcohol and drug use and treatment received among clients in Victoria, a sector workshop, and analysis of information on State and Commonwealth Government investment in specialist alcohol and other drug treatment. Major findings 1. Treatment components There are four essential treatment components: Pharmacotherapies ~ including the establishment of a small number of specialist clinics to counter vulnerabilities of the current system: Withdrawal ~ residential and non-residential elements which must be provided as part of a regime of treatment; Behavioural therapies ~ including indicated prevention, brief intervention, individual counselling, group counselling, family therapy, and day programs; Residential rehabilitation ~ comprising therapeutic community and modified therapeutic community treatment elements. For each of these treatment components and elements a target group has been defined, a definition of treatment provided and associated therapeutic techniques described and common drugs of concern listed.
Use of a Rapid Test Kit and Elisa for Detection of Ns1 Antigen and IgM Antibody in Suspected Dengue Fever

Incidence of dengue infection has been increasing since last few years. Diagnosis of dengue mainly depends upon detection of NS1 antigen, IgM antibodies or a rising titre of IgG antibodies in patients’ blood by ELISA. This study was undertaken to evaluate a rapid test kit for detection of NS1 antigen and anti-dengue IgM antibodies in suspected dengue fever taking NS1 ELISA and MAC ELISA as reference standard. A total number of 1102 serum samples collected from patients having fever for 5 days or less were tested with NS1 ELISA and 1548 serum samples from patients with fever for more than 5 days were subjected for MAC-ELISA. All samples were tested by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit that detects NS1 antigen, IgM and IgG antibodies. The RDT kit showed a sensitivity and specificity of 95.97% and 99.43% respectively for NS1 antigen detection and 93.90 and 99.53% for IgM.
Yoga in Deutschland - Ergebnisse einer national repräsentativen Umfrage

Hintergrund: Yoga wird weltweit vermehrt als therapeutische und präventive Methode angewandt. Ziel dieser national repräsentativen Umfrage war die Erhebung der Lebenszeit- und Punktprävalenz für Yoga-Praxis in Deutschland und die Erfragung der Gründe für die Inanspruchnahme von Yoga sowie der damit einhergehenden wahrgenommenen Veränderungen. Methoden: Von August bis September 2014 wurde eine national repräsentative Stichprobe von 2041 Personen ab 14 Jahren bezüglich derzeitiger und früherer Yoga-Praxis interviewt. Unterschiede zwischen soziodemografischen Subgruppen wurden mittels Chi-Quadrat-Tests analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die Lebenszeitprävalenz für die Yoga-Praxis lag bei 15,1%, die Punkt-Prävalenz bei 3,3%. Höhere Prävalenz war assoziiert mit weiblichem Geschlecht (p < 0,001), höherem Bildungsabschluss (p < 0,001), Berufstätigkeit (p = 0,047) und Wohnen in Großstädten (p < 0,001). Die durchschnittliche Dauer der Yoga-Praxis betrug 48,2 Monate, 61,7% der Befragten praktizierten mindestens einmal wöchentlich. Wichtigste Gründe, Yoga zu praktizieren, waren Verbesserungen des körperlichen (62,8%) und geistigen Befindens (56,9%) sowie der körperlichen (54,4%) und geistigen Leistungsfähigkeit (50,0%). Positive Veränderungen durch die Yoga-Praxis berichteten 89,7%, insbesondere größere Ausgeglichenheit (58,8%). Weitere 16,1% der aktuell nicht praktizierenden Befragten konnten sich vorstellen, in den nächsten 12 Monaten mit Yoga zu beginnen. Schlussfolgerung: Geschätzte 15,7 Millionen Menschen in Deutschland praktizieren aktuell Yoga oder sind daran interessiert, mit Yoga zu beginnen; darunter am häufigsten vertreten sind Frauen, Großstädter sowie Personen mit höherem Bildungsabschluss und Berufstätige. Fast 90% der Praktizierenden berichten positive Veränderungen durch die Yoga-Praxis.
An Inclusive Rural Post Secondary Education Program for Students with Intellectual Disabilities

Post secondary education is a life long dream for many students with and without intellectual disabilities. This dream is particularly difficult to attain for students with intellectual disabilities living in rural and remote communities with little access to social, academic, or employment opportunities. This article describes the philosophy, program features, and emerging benefits to students attending one rural post secondary education program in Vermont. Examples of how students with intellectual disabilities engage in inclusive academic, social, and employment experiences in college are provided. Examples illustrative of students with intellectual disabilities living in rural Vermont are provided. Emerging data from an ongoing evaluation are shared. Implications and suggestions for replication for students, educators, parents, and higher education personnel from other rural areas are offered.
The Role of RsmA in the Regulation of Swarming Motility in Serratia marcescens

Swarming motility is a multicellular phenomenon comprising population migration across surfaces by specially differentiated cells. In Serratia marcescens, a network exists in which the flhDC flagellar regulatory master operon, temperature, nutrient status, and quorum sensing all contribute to the regulation of swarming motility. In this study, the rsmA (repressor of secondary metabolites) gene (hereafter rsmASm) was cloned from S. marcescens. The presence of multicopy, plasmid-encoded rsmASm expressed from its native promoter in S. marcescens inhibits swarming. Synthesis of N-acylhomoserine lactones, presumably by the product of smaI (a luxI homolog isolated from S. marcescens), was also inhibited. Knockout of rsmASm on the S. marcescens chromosome shortens the time before swarming motility begins after inoculation to an agar surface. A single copy of the chromosomal PrsmASm::luxAB reporter of rsmASmtranscription was constructed. Using this reporter, the roles of the flhDC flagellar regulatory master operon, temperature and autoregulation in the control of rsmASm expression were determined. Our findings indicate that RsmASm is a component of the complex regulatory network that controls swarming.
Families, health & illness : perspectives on coping and intervention

This book explores the intricate relationships between health, illness and families and the nurse's integral role in this. Designed to help the nurse understand the development of families' varied responses to the stress of illness, the book presents practical interventions needed to prevent and decrease stress during illness. It explores the importance, viability, benefits and implementation of family-oriented interventions in the promotion of healing and treatment of both physical and mental health problems. The authors stress the need to better understand the critical ways in which family relationships influence such behaviour.
The quality of life of men with advanced prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy and their partners

The Quality of Life of Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Their Partners by Gail E. Newth Chair: Laurel L. Northouse BACKGROUND: Advanced prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) have been shown to experience a large number of physiological and psychological sequelae; however, few studies have examined how these sequelae affect the patients’ and their partners’ quality of life (QOL). PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were: 1) to describe and compare patients’ and partners’ levels of self-efficacy, symptom distress, communication, appraisal, coping and QOL and 2) to determine if specific antecedent factors (self-efficacy, symptom distress, communication, their partners’ QOL), and mediators (appraisal of illness/caregiving, active and avoidant coping) explain a significant amount of variance in the QOL of advanced prostate cancer patients treated with ADT and their partners. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: The study was guided by a stress-coping model. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of data obtained from two randomized clinical trials. The study sample consisted of 75 patient-partner dyads. Data were obtained using standardized measures with acceptable reliabilities. Independent t tests were used to assess differences between patients and partners scores on major study variables. Bootstrapping was used to assess for mediator effects and structural equation modeling was used to assess the
A Focus on Nurse Wellness Time for Action

The perceptions of staff wellness by Registered Nurses (RNs), Registered Psychiatric Nurses (RPNs) and Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) employed in acute care in a southern Alberta hospital were investigated. From a total of372 staff nurses, 75 nurses were randomly selected to complete a 129 question survey questionnaire. 45 nurses completed the questionnaire. Respondents reported experiencing a wide variety of stress-related symptoms including headaches, sleep disturbances, tiredness, frustration, moodiness and anxiety. Other findings from the study identified stressors in the workplace, sources of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction, and concerns about recognition and empowerment The greatest stressors at work identified by respondents included no control over workload, feeling undervalued, inadequate staffing, highly demanding patients/family, work overload, and coworkers who don't make an equal contribution at work. The majority of respondents were satisfied with their jobs, the hospital as a place of work, and the quality of care provided to patients. However, sources of job dissatisfaction included pay and benefits (for LPNs), the gap in communication with administration, lack of support for continuing education, and poor promotional aspects. A discrepancy was also identified by the respondents in the importance of recognition from the different levels of management and the actual frequency of recognition. Recommendations to improve staff wellness, according to the respondents, included recognition programs, reducing workload, exercise facilities, improved communication with management, support groups and increased educational support. tit Acknowledgement I would like to thank all of the nursing staff who participated in this study. The time and effort taken to complete the surveys was greatly appreciated. A special thank-you to David Townsend whose wisdom and encouragement guided me, initially as a new student to the program, and continued throughout the program, culminating with this thesis. Thanks also to Kerry Bernes, Gerald McConaghy and Dr. Wedel for then* input and feedback. To my husband, Kevin, thanks for always being so understanding and supportive of my educational pursuits. You always had the confidence in me that I did not always have in myself. I am very appreciative of the support shown by all my family and friends.
Activation du Récepteur Minéralocorticoïde vasculaire et néphrotoxicité de la ciclosporine

La ciclosporine est un traitement immunosuppresseur tres utilise : elle inhibe l'activation des lymphocytes T via la calcineurine. Sa nephrotoxicite limite son utilisation : la ciclosporine induit une augmentation de la vasoconstriction ainsi qu'une augmentation de la reponse des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires (CMLV) aux agents vasoactifs. Le recepteur mineralocorticoide (RM), au-dela de ses effets sur la reabsorption sodee, agit sur le tonus vasculaire en modulant la reponse des cellules (endotheliales et musculaires lisses) vasculaires aux agents vasoactifs. Notre hypothese etait que le RM pouvait participer a l'action vasoconstrictrice de la ciclosporine ; son inactivation pourrait limiter la nephrotoxicite de la ciclosporine. Deux modeles de souris ont ete invalides genetiquement pour le RM : dans les cellules endotheliales et les CMLV (KO-RM CMLV). Seules les souris KO-RM CMLV etaient protegees contre la nephrotoxicite de la ciclosporine. Ces effets impliquent une action sur le tonus vasculaire renal. L'antagonisme pharmacologique du RM (par le canrenoate) administre per os confere la meme protection. En revanche, la nephrotoxicite induite par le tacrolimus (une autre anticalcineurine) n'est pas prevenue par l'antagonisme du RM. Utiliser un antagoniste selectif du RM (l'eplerenone) pourrait prevenir la nephrotoxicite de la ciclosporine. Nous avons prouve sa bonne tolerance en association a la ciclosporine chez les patients transplantes et insuffisants renaux chroniques. Une kaliemie superieure a 4,35mmol/L a l'initiation indique un sur-risque de developper une hyperkaliemie. L'efficacite reste a demontrer au cours d'un essai prospectif et randomise.
The Widening Gap: Why America's Working Families Are in Jeopardy and What Can Be Done about It.

This hard-hitting book draws on the first systematic national research on how the need to meet family obligations is affecting working Americans of all social classes and ethnic groups. What happens when kids get sick? When an elderly parent is hospitalized? How do poor families cope with work-family demands? Jody Heymann's research points to a widening gap between working families and the health and development of children. Outdated labor policy and practice must be brought into the twenty-first century, argues Heymann. To do less is to abandon the precepts of equal opportunity on which America is founded.
Cardiovascular risk reduction in insulin resistant states

Introduction: Insulin resistance is the hall mark of a number of pathological conditions and is thought to play a major role in the cardiovascular risk associated with them. This thesis critically evaluates two insulin resistant conditions polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) where there are many unresolved issues. During the course of these studies, the effect of weight loss and medications in modifying cardiovascular risk in these conditions was evaluated. Methods: The first studies focused on a randomised open labelled parallel study of metformin and rimonabant in obese patients with PCOS. Subsquently, an extension to this study was undertaken where patients who were on rimonabant were changed over to metformin, whereas those on metformin were continued on metformin for another 3 months. As part of this study the effect of rimonabant and metformin on incretin hormones in patients with PCOS was studied. The next studies focused on a randomised double blind placebo controlled study on the pleotrophic effect of atorvastatin in patients with PCOS. Subsequent metformin therapy after atorvastatin treatment was undertaken. This study led to the investigation of the effect of simvastatin and atorvastatin on biological variation of lipids in patients with T2DM that has got implications in treating to lipid targets. A corollary to this study was whether the biological variation of LDL calculated using Friedewald formula differed from that of direct LDL.