Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Television and Children What do I need to know about children and TV ?

What do I need to know about children and TV? Television (TV) has its good side. It can be entertaining and educational, and can open up new worlds for kids, giving them a chance to travel the globe, learn about different cultures, and gain exposure to ideas they may never encounter in their own community. Shows with a prosocial message can have a positive effect on kids' behavior; programs with positive role models can influence viewers to make positive lifestyle changes. However, the reverse can also be true: Kids are likely to learn things from TV that parents don't want them to learn. TV can affect kids' health, behavior and family life in negative ways.
Actions of Pinacidil at a Reduced Potassium Concentration: A Direct Cardiac Effect Possibly Involving the ATP‐Dependent Potassium Channel

We investigated the effects of the ATP-dependent K+ channel antagonist glyburide and the ATP-dependent K+ channel agonist pinacidil in a Langendorff-perfused rabbit isolated heart subjected to a period of global hypoxia. A class III antiarrhythmic drug, E-4031, also was studied in this model. These studies aimed to define the mechanism of action of putative profibrillatory actions of pinacidil and the mechanism for the antifibril-latory effect of the class III antiarrhythmic drug, E-4031, in the hypoxic heart. After stabilization and determination of baseline functional parameters under normoxic perfusion conditions (95% O2/5% CO2), hearts were subjected to global hypoxia by switching to a 95% N2/5% CO2 saturated perfusion medium for a period of 12 min. After the hypoxic period, normoxia was re-established by switching to the oxygen-carbon dioxide saturated buffer medium for a period of 40 min. The oxygen tension of the perfusion buffer was reduced from approximately 400 mm Hg to below 50 mm Hg during the hypoxic period. All hearts subjected to hypoxia had reduced function: the left ventricular developed pressure and ±dPldt were reduced significantly. Myocardial tissue ATP concentrations were reduced (>50%) in hearts subjected to hypoxia. Under conditions of hypoxic/reoxygenation and in the presence of a low (2.5 mM) potassium concentration ([K+]0), pinacidil (1.25 μM) facilitated the induction of ventricular fibrillation (80% fibrillation in the presence of pinacidil vs. 20% in the absence of pinacidil). Glyburide (10 μM) and E-4031 (1 and 10 μM) significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation associated with pinacidil (20% fibrillation in the presence of hypoxia, pinacidil, and glyburide or 10 μM E-4031). Opening of the ATP-dependent K + channel by pinacidil under normoxia and low K + also facilitated the induction of ventricular fibrillation (60% ventricular fibrillation). Pinacidil failed to induce ventricular fibrillation under either normoxic or conditions of hypoxic/reoxygenation when the [K + ]0 was increased to 5.1 mM. The results of this study demonstrate that K + channel activators facilitate the induction of ventricular fibrillation under both normoxic conditions and conditions of hypoxic/reoxygenation when the perfusion buffer K+ concentration is reduced.
Field experiments on the control of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus by Toxorhynchites rutilus rutilus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Production of adult Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes was monitored for 76 days in automobile tires, plastic buckets, and paint cans, to which 1 or 2 first-instar larvae of Toxorhynchites rutilus rutilus were added ca. every 10 days. The containers were located on residential blocks within a substandard urban area of New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. The regular addition to the containers of 1 or 2 predator larvae resulted in an average control of prey emergence of 65 and 82%, respectively. The data indicated that while substantial mortality among the predators occurred, due to cannibalism or other natural factors, the overall control obtained for both treatment levels was 74%. Cannibalism among predators appeared to play a minor role in determining the degree of control obtained.
Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in Tanzania

AIMS To assess changes in incidence of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma over a 22 year period in Tanzania and to analyse possible reasons for change. METHODS Retrospective analysis of records from a Tanzanian pathology department serving north and central Tanzania from 1976 to 1997; medical record analysis of cases of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma presenting in the last 2 years of the study. RESULTS There was a sharp rise in the incidence of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in the last 3 years of the study (1995–7). The mean age of patients presenting with the condition over the full period was 44.7 years (95% confidence interval 42.4–46.9 years). In the final 2 years of the study the mean length of history on presentation was 3.1 months (2.1–4.0 months). Several patients had a previous history of chronic conjunctival disease such as allergic conjunctivitis and trachoma; one had had a conjunctival papilloma excised previously. Only five patients had been tested for HIV status, but of these four were positive. CONCLUSION Tanzania is experiencing an epidemic of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma similar to that seen in other African countries. Often the tumours are aggressive and occur in patients of relatively young age. The epidemic appears to be related to HIV infection, on a background of ultraviolet light exposure. Previous chronic conjunctival disease and exposure to human papillomavirus may also have a role.
Pretreatment cognitive deficits and treatment effects on attention in childhood absence epilepsy

Objective: To determine the neurocognitive deficits associated with newly diagnosed untreated childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), develop a model describing the factorial structure of items measuring academic achievement and 3 neuropsychological constructs, and determine short-term differential neuropsychological effects on attention among ethosuximide, valproic acid, and lamotrigine. Methods: Subjects with newly diagnosed CAE entering a double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial had neuropsychological testing including assessments of general intellectual functioning, attention, memory, executive function, and achievement. Attention was reassessed at the week 16–20 visit. Results: At study entry, 36% of the cohort exhibited attention deficits despite otherwise intact neurocognitive functioning. Structural equation modeling of baseline neuropsychological data revealed a direct sequential effect among attention, memory, executive function, and academic achievement. At the week 16–20 visit, attention deficits persisted even if seizure freedom was attained. More subjects receiving valproic acid (49%) had attention deficits than subjects receiving ethosuximide (32%) or lamotrigine (24%) (p = 0.0006). Parental assessment did not reliably detect attention deficits before or after treatment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Children with CAE have a high rate of pretreatment attentional deficits that persist despite seizure freedom. Rates are disproportionately higher for valproic acid treatment compared with ethosuximide or lamotrigine. Parents do not recognize these attentional deficits. These deficits present a threat to academic achievement. Vigilant cognitive and behavioral assessment of these children is warranted. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class I evidence that valproic acid is associated with more significant attentional dysfunction than ethosuximide or lamotrigine in children with newly diagnosed CAE.
Who does what to whom? Gender and domestic violence perpetrators in English police records

The article discusses findings from first study in Europe to track domestic violence cases over six years through the criminal justice system and compare cases involving male and female perpetrators. Ninety-six cases involving men and women recorded by the police in England as intimate domestic violence perpetrators were tracked to provide detailed narratives and progression of cases, establishing samples with a single male or female perpetrator or where both partners were recorded as perpetrators. Domestic violence involves a pattern of abusive behaviour over time and the in-depth longitudinal approach allowed similarities and differences in violent and abusive behaviours used by men and women, as recorded by the police, to be explored. Gender differences were found relating to the nature of cases, forms of violence recorded, frequency of incidents and levels of arrest.
Therapeutic agents for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor-α antagonists

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disabling autoimmune disease; unless adequately controlled, patients have a poor long-term prognosis. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonists have provided relief for many RA patients; however, despite their efficacy, some patients do not respond or fail to maintain initial response. In the UK, patients with an inadequate response to TNF-α antagonists have limited options, as the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) currently only recommend switching to an alternative TNF-α antagonists if discontinuation occurs due to safety during the first 6 months of treatment. The EU has approved three biological agents, rituximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab, for patients with RA with an inadequate response to TNF-α antagonists. Objective: This review examines the clinical experience with two therapies targeting key immune cells involved in RA – rituximab (lyses B-cells), and abatacept (T-cell co-stimulation modulator) – specifically focusing on patients with an inadequate response to TNF-α blockade. Methods: Phase II/III clinical trials and original studies were identified using Medline and Pubmed; articles assessing the efficacy and/or safety of rituximab or abatacept in patients with RA refractory to TNF-α blockade were reviewed. Conclusions: Clinical data for rituximab and abatacept demonstrate that both reduce disease activity in TNF-α antagonist inadequate responders, suggesting that agents with alternative mechanisms of action, such as those targeting key immune cells, may be useful in this patient population.
Birth and weaning weight of kids from different Boer goat crosses

Crossbreeding in Indonesian goat has been a common practice to improve genetic quality by mating the local does with exotic goat to produce offspring. The offspring, kids, are expected to have higher production performance compared to its parents, but robust towards tropical environment especially the available feed resources. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to characterize the production performance of offspring resulted from Boer crossed with different doe breeds. Birth and weaning weight (adjusted for 77 days of age) data were collected from kid records and their pedigree that born (n = 4,042) between January 2012 – June 2015 in CV. Kambing Burja, East Java, Indonesia. In this study, purebred Boer bucks (n = 23) were mated to three distinct doe breeds: pure Boer (n = 161), local Jawarandu (n = 700) and Boer × Jawarandu cross (Boerja, n = 501) to produce offspring. To analyze effect of weight data, linear model was built using breed (doe), year, and kid sex as fixed effects. According to the linear model, year gave effect to birth and weaning weight. Results showed all those fixed factors were significantly (P<0.01) affecting to birth and weaning weight. Boer offspring shows heaviest birth (3.16±0.60 kg, 2.99±0.63 kg and 2.84±0.58 kg; respectively) and weaning weight (15.02±3.94 kg, 13.67±3.87 kg and 13.48±3.70 kg; respectively); compared to both Boerja and Jawarandu. Moreover, sex also gave significant effect where male was heavier than female. It is concluded goat production performance in this study was affected by the factors of breed, year and sex. To achieve better performance in goat crossbred, breed, composition became a factor that need to be considered.
Reduced PFC emissions and gas consumption using a c-C/sub 4/F/sub 8/-based PECVD chamber clean chemistry

Perfluorocompounds (PFCs) used in semiconductor manufacturing are potential contributors to greenhouse gas-driven climate change. PFCs emitted from plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) chamber cleans can be a significant portion of the total PFC emissions for a typical semiconductor fabrication facility. Previous work adopting octafluorocyclobutane (c-C/sub 4/F/sub 8/) clean chemistries to reduce gas consumption and PFC emissions have been reported on applied materials and novellus PECVD tools. In this study, c-C/sub 4/F/sub 8/ was evaluated as an alternative chamber clean gas on Mattson ASPEN II PECVD tools. A statistical design of experiment (DOE) methodology and tool emission analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry were used to develop a low gas consumption and low PFC emission process. This c-C/sub 4/F/sub 8/ process reduced the clean gas consumption by 65% and PFC emission by 78%, compared to our current C/sub 2/F/sub 6/ clean with no impact on deposited film properties or process repeatability.
The distribution of lipoprotein lipase in tissues of the domestic fowl and the effects of feeding and starving.

Synopsis Lipoprotein lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.3) has been detected and assayed in heart muscle and adipose tissue of immature male, immature female and egg laying female domestic fowl. The levels of the enzyme in heart muscle were similar in the three classes of birds studied, but the level of the enzyme in the adipose tissue of immature birds was much higher than in that of laying hens. On starving for 22 h or 72 h the level of the enzyme increased in both heart muscle and adipose tissue of immature males. The enzyme could not be detected in liver tissue or ovary tissue from laying hens. Tissue levels of lipoprotein lipase are not a sensitive index of the state of lipid metabolism in the domestic fowl.
Multilingual education: Teachers'beliefs and language use in the classroom

En estos tiempos en que la investigacion sobre educacion multilingue pone a prueba las creencias monolingues que siguen persistiendo en la ensenanza y aprendizaje de lenguas en contextos multilingues, esta tesis analiza las creencias de los profesores de lenguas en relacion a la ensenanza de lenguas asi como su uso de las lenguas y el de sus alumnos en el aula. El objetivo de esta tesis es estudiar hasta que punto esta extendido un enfoque multilingue en el contexto educativo multilingue del Pais Vasco y si hay una base pedagogica para su implementacion o extension. En este estudio han participado profesores y alumnos de educacion primaria y secundaria de distintas areas sociolinguisticas del Pais Vasco. Se recogieron datos cualitativos y cuantitativos por medio de cuestionarios, entrevistas, observaciones y redacciones escritas. Los resultados demuestran que las creencias sobre la separacion de lenguas esta muy extendida y esto contradice el uso de lenguas que tanto los profesores como los alumnos hacen en el aula multilingue. Los resultados tambien indican que no hay un enfoque multilingue implementado pero el estudio de las redacciones de los alumnos indica que si hay una base pedagogica para la implementacion y extension de un enfoque multilingue.
Critical Literacy: Conflicts, Challenges, Adaptations and Transformation?

This case study explored how the involvement of two ESL instructors in critical literacy research, including master’s thesis, made them experience different challenges, ideological conflicts and successes. One of them was teaching ESL in secondary classes when she carried out her thesis about critical literacy. She also cooperated with the researcher in a critical literacy study after she had finished data collection for her thesis. The other participant taught ESL in elementary classes and is currently teaching at universities. The study, which took place in Lebanon, revealed how the varied ideological positions, views and contexts of the two instructors made them go through different transformations. The data suggests that involving teachers and masters’ students in critical literacy research constitutes and important platform to train them in the various complex dimensions of critical literacy, particularly in settings where this approach faces significant resistance.
Therapeutic modulators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR): a patent review (2008–present)

Introduction: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. The three known subtypes PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ have different tissue distribution and play a key role as regulators of glucose and lipid homeostasis as well as in cell proliferation, differentiation and inflammatory responses. They have gained a lot of interest as pharmaceutical targets over the last years and with the antidiabetic thiazolidindiones (TZDs) and the hypolipidemic fibrates, two classes of drugs had entered the market. Early observations of severe adverse events changed the situation in the recent past. Areas covered: Herein the authors summarize recent (2008–present) patent applications concerning PPAR ligands claimed for the use in metabolic disorders as well as patents indicating new applications for modulators of the PPAR subtypes. Expert opinion: Looking at the recent patent activity regarding novel compounds, there have not been real innovations. As major applications for therapeutic PPAR ligands cancer therapy, skin-related disorders and systemic anti-inflammatory therapies might arise in the mid-term future. The known PPAR targeting drugs might see a repurposing for novel indications.
Evaluation of phosphorylated insulin like growth factor binding protein-1 and sonographically measured cervical length for prediction of preterm birth in threatened preterm labor: a clinical approach

Background and Objectives: Measurement of cervical length using Transvaginal Sonography (TVS) is commonly used to identify those patients of threatened preterm labor who are likely to deliver. Biochemical markers in cervical secretions namely fetal fibronectin and Phosphorylated Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Protien-1 (phIGFBP-1) have also been used to improve predictability. This study evaluated bedside kit test for phIGFBP-1 and cervical length measurement by TVS, individually and in combination, for prediction of preterm birth in patients with threatened preterm labor.
The first year at medical school: some findings and student perceptions

Summary. This paper will first summarize briefly some results from parallel studies of first‐year medical students at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland and University of Houston, Texas, USA. These findings have been presented more fully elsewhere ( Surtees & Miller 1990 ; Miller & Surtees 1991 ; Miller & Lloyd 1991 ; Miller 1994 ) and here the emphasis will be on the Edinburgh results. Following this, some new material will be set down, reflecting the Edinburgh students' comments to the interviewers about their courses.
Band tail absorption saturation in CdWO4 with 100 fs laser pulses

The decay kinetics of the excitonic emission of CdWO4 scintillators was studied under excitation by powerful 100 fs laser pulses in the band tail (Urbach) absorption region. A special imaging technique possessing both spatial and temporal resolution provided a unique insight into the Förster dipole–dipole interaction of self-trapped excitons, which is the main cause of the nonlinear quenching of luminescence in this material. In addition, the saturation of phonon-assisted excitonic absorption due to extremely short excitation pulses was discovered. A model describing the evolution of electronic excitations in the conditions of absorption saturation was developed and an earlier model of decay kinetics based on the Förster interaction was extended to include the saturation effect. Compared to the previous studies, a more accurate calculation yields 3.7 nm as the Förster interaction radius. It was shown that exciton–exciton interaction is the main source of scintillation nonproportionality in CdWO4. A quantitative description using a new model of nonproportionality was presented, making use of the corrected value of the Förster radius.
Social Network Analysis Methodologies for the Evaluation of Cluster Development Programs

Cluster development programs (CDPs) have been adopted widely in many countries worldwide. Many such programs aim to promote economic development by forming and strengthening inter-organizational networks. Despite their widespread diffusion, we know very little about CDP outputs or the impact CDPs have on host regions and their populations. Evaluation studies are beginning to appear, but the overall concern is that a distinct evaluation concept and method with a focus on CDPs is not yet available. The objective of this paper is to address this limitation, by proposing a novel methodological approach in the evaluation of CDPs based on the application of concepts and methods of social network analysis (SNA).
The putative oncoprotein DEK, part of a chimera protein associated with acute myeloid leukaemia, is an autoantigen in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

The 45‐kD autoantigen associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) has been isolated from HeLa cell nuclei and purified about 2500‐fold to near homogeneity in a five‐step chromatographic procedure. Purification of the antigen was monitored by immunoblot assays using a nearly monospecific anti‐45‐kD serum from a child with JRA. Tryptic peptide mapping and partial amino acid sequencing of the purified 45‐kD antigen demonstrated its identity with the DEK protein. DEK is a 43‐kD protein of unknown function expressed by the putative oncogene dek located on chromosome 6. As a result of a (6;9) translocation associated with a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia a chimeric protein containing most of DEK amino acids at the N‐terminus is found in leukaemic cells (von Linden et al., Mol Cell Biol. 1992; 12: 1687–97). The 43‐kD DEK was detected by immunoblotting with serum from a patient with JRA in a variety of rat tissues, and was most abundant in the spleen and in bone marrow.
α‐Methylacyl‐CoA racemase – an ‘obscure’ metabolic enzyme takes centre stage

Branched‐chain lipids are important components of the human diet and are used as drug molecules, e.g. ibuprofen. Owing to the presence of methyl groups on their carbon chains, they cannot be metabolized in mitochondria, and instead are processed and degraded in peroxisomes. Several different oxidative degradation pathways for these lipids are known, including α‐oxidation, β‐oxidation, and ω‐oxidation. Dietary branched‐chain lipids (especially phytanic acid) have attracted much attention in recent years, due to their link with prostate, breast, colon and other cancers as well as their role in neurological disease. A central role in all the metabolic pathways is played by α‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR), which regulates metabolism of these lipids and drugs. AMACR catalyses the chiral inversion of a diverse number of 2‐methyl acids (as their CoA esters), and regulates the entry of branched‐chain lipids into the peroxisomal and mitochondrial β‐oxidation pathways. This review brings together advances in the different disciplines, and considers new research in both the metabolism of branched‐chain lipids and their role in cancer, with particular emphasis on the crucial role played by AMACR. These recent advances enable new preventative and treatment strategies for cancer.