Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive comment on “ Processes determining the marine alkalinity and carbonate saturation distributions ” by B . R

posite tracer, one that also “highlights” river alkalinity plumes. However, the general philosophy of developing tracers is normally to subtract off as many confounding influences as possible so as to get to a variable that (ideally) traces the activity of just one biogeochemical process, or if not just one then as few as possible. The more competing influences (multiple processes) that impact on a tracer, the harder it is to deconvolve them in order to use the tracer to assess the rate of just one, and in general the less useful the tracer is. For the topic of this paper, it is less useful to have a tracer that is influenced by both carbonate cycling at sea and carbonate cycling on land (via rivers), because variation in the tracer cannot then be attributed unambiguously to either one or the other. This can be seen in, for instance, in lines 210-214. On line 3 the word “highlights” should be replaced with something more appropriate (e.g. “is also affected by”); likewise “preserves” should be changed to “is altered by” or similar wording on line 98.
MDM 2 – MDM 4 molecular interaction investigated by atomic force spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance

and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). International Journal of Nanomedicine 2016:11 4221–4229 International Journal of Nanomedicine Dovepress
reply to 2 nd review : Sensitivity estimations for cloud droplet formation in the vicinity of the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch ( 3580 m asl )

In the previous review, I have called for a major revision of the paper, pointing out: 1. Limited reproducibility due to lack of access to software and data the study is based on, as well as due to the lack of sufficient detail in the description of simulation input parameters. 2. Lack of proper context even though the paper subject has been widely studied in the literature, the initial version of the manuscript lacked references to previous studies. 3. Paper composition flaws in the initial version of the manuscript. 4. Ambiguities in the description of the methodology that I tried to highlight by asking some specific questions.
How Urban Segregation Distorts Chinese Migrants’ Consumption?

This paper provides a new explanation for China’s low consumption-to-GDP ratio by highlighting the constraints of the “household registration system” (Hukou) on China’s household consumption. Our baseline results show that the consumption of migrants is 16–20% lower than that of local urban residents. We further find evidence suggesting that, caused by Hukou restrictions, migrants save more for precautionary purposes, have lower expectation of permanent income, and consume much less durable goods because of high mobility. Moreover, we have found no evidence that the consumption heterogeneity can be explained by migration effects, culture, or other forms of household heterogeneity. As both the number and income level of migrants are rising quickly, the constraining effects of Hukou on household consumption is increasing.
Theoretical calculation of half-metallic ferromagnetism in Al1-xVxN compound

Using the first-principles in the framework of density functional theory, the structural properties, electronic structure, and magnetism of V-doped aluminum nitride (AlN) were investigated. The calculations were carried out using the method based on pseudopotential, employed exactly as implemented in Quantum ESPRESSO code. For (x = 6.25%) Al0.9375V0. 0625N and (x = 12.5%) Al0.875V0. 125N concentrations, a half-metallic behavior with 100% carrier spin polarization of the conduction carriers in the ground state was found. The calculations showed that the substitution of a V atom at the Al site (Al0.9375V0.0625N compound) introduces a magnetic moment of 2.0 μB, while two V atom substitutions (Al0.875V0.125N compound) introduce a magnetic moment of 4.0 μB. These magnetic properties came from hybridization and polarization of states V-3d and their first neighboring Al-2p and first neighboring N-2p atoms. The calculated magnetic properties indicate that V-doped AlN compound can potentially be used in diluted magnetic semiconductors or as spin injectors. Key words: Aluminum nitride (AlN), first-principles calculations, magnetic ordering.
The influence of drip or furrow irrigation on yield and quality of Burley tobacco under saline conditions.

Irrigation methods are critical to alleviate salinity problems in Mediterranean areas, where saline waters are frequently used to irrigate crops. Field experiments were conducted on Burley tobacco ('Nicotiana tabacum' L.) cv. C104 in Southern Italy for two years to compare drip versus furrow irrigation, in which waters of increasing salinity were used. Two irrigation methods (drip and furrow) and six irrigation treatments [rainfed control (RC), and fully-irrigated with water having an electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0.5 (normal water, NW), 2.5 (saline water, SW1), 5 (SW2), 10 (SW3), and 15 dS m-1 (SW4)] were factorially combined. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE, kg ha-1 mm-1), soil salt accumulation and soil moisture were measured for each treatment combination. Over the growing season the electrical conductivity of soil (ECe) across the 0.6 m soil's top profile increased with increasing salinity of the irrigation water but more in drip- than furrow-irrigated plots [0.177 and 0.105 dS m-1 ECe (dS m-1 ECw)-1, respectively, averaged over years]. Salinity of the irrigation water did not affect yield of cured leaves in the SW2 - SW4 range. Nevertheless, in the same range quality of cured product was generally depressed due to increases in leaf Cl- and decreases of filling power (cm3 g-1) of cut tobacco. Overall, furrow irrigation significantly produced greater yield, mean cured leaves weight and IWUE as compared with drip irrigation (1.7 vs. 1.5 Mg ha-1, 5.8 vs. 5.2 g, 5.9 vs. 5.4 kg ha-1 mm-1). The drip-irrigation proved to be superior over conventional furrow irrigation for tobacco cultivation under open-field conditions.
BSTETRICS statewide initiative to reduce inappropriate cheduled births at 360 / 7 – 386 / 7 weeks ’ gestation

TUDY DESIGN: Twenty Ohio maternity hospitals collected baseline data or 60 days and then selected locally appropriate Institute for Healthcare Imrovement Breakthrough Series interventions to reduce the incidence of cheduled births. Deidentified birth data were analyzed centrally. Rates of cheduled births without a documented indication, birth certificate data, nd implementation issues were shared regularly among sites. K
Measuring the Impacts of E-Learning on Students’ Achievement in Learning Process: An Experience from Tanzanian Public Universities

This paper is located within the 21 st century global debates about the impact of e-learning as one of the ICT on students’ achievements in teaching and learning process in universities. From the perspectives of Tanzania, this paper provides a model for measuring the impact of e-learning on students’ achievements in universities. The rationale for the investigation stems from the notion that despite the hundreds impact studies, the impacts of e-learning on student’s achievements remain difficult to measure and open too much reasonable debate. This raised contradiction and elusive findings on the conclusion based on the impacts of e-learning systems on student’s achievement. A Mixed method research methodology involving survey and interviews was employed in the collection of data for building the model. Multiple regressions technique was used to analyze the hypothesized relationships conceptualized in the research model. The model was built and validated using structural equation modeling and Delphi technique respectively. Measuring e-learning impact on student’s achievements, indicators such as student engagement, student cognitive, performance expectancy, student control, student satisfaction, continue using, student motivation, student self-esteem, student confidence on e-learning system have positive significance relationship with students’ achievement. The model has the potential to policy makers, universities and other stakeholder to understand the impacts of e-learning after implementation in order to justify the total investment based on that technology. The novelty of this research lies in the extension of the findings in literature with constructs such as frequency use and intention to use e-learning in learning context. KeywordsE-learning, learning process, impacts of E-learning, Tanzania Universities, Public Universities
Sandy shore ecosystems and the threats facing them: some predictions for the year 2025

Pollution, mining, disruption of sand transport and tourism development widely affect sandy shores, and these systems may be subject to increased erosion in future, yet there have been few attempts to review them. The present review focuses largely on ocean sandy beaches, providing an introduction to much of the relevant literature, and predicting possible states of the system by 2025. Sandy shores are dynamic harsh environments, the action of waves and tides largely determining species diversity, biomass and community structure. There is an interchange of sand, biological matter and other materials between dunes, intertidal beaches and surf zones. Storms and associated erosion present the most substantial universal hazard to the fauna. Human-related perturbations vary from beach to beach; however, structures or activities that impede natural sand transport or alter the sand budget commonly lead to severe erosion, often of a permanent nature. Many beaches also suffer intermittent or chronic pollution, and direct human interference includes off-road vehicles, mining, trampling, bait collecting, beach cleaning and ecotourism. These interferences typically have a negative impact on the system. Identified long-term trends include chronic beach erosion, often largely due to natural causes, as well as increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation and changes related to global warming. It is not expected that predicted temperature changes will have dramatic effects on the world's beaches by 2025, but the expected rise in sea level, if coupled with an increase in the frequency and/or intensity of storms, as predicted for some regions, is likely to lead to escalating erosion and consequent loss of habitat. It is suggested that increased UV radiation is unlikely to have significant effects. Increases in coastal human populations and tourism, thus increasing pressure on the shore, while serious, may be largely offset in developed and developing countries by better management resulting from greater understanding of the factors governing sandy-shore systems and better communication with beach managers and developers. Beach nourishment is likely to become more widely practised. However, the continuing hardening of surfaces in and above the dunes is bound to be damaging. Human pressures in many underdeveloped countries show no signs of being mitigated by conservation measures; it is likely that their sandy shores will continue to deteriorate during the first quarter of this century. A long-term trend that cannot be ignored is the excessive amount of nitrogen entering the sea, particularly affecting beaches in estuaries and sheltered lagoons. The data presently available and the uncertainty of a number of predictions do not permit of quantitative assessment or modelling of the state of the world's sandy shores by the year 2025, but some tentative, qualitative predictions are offered.
Political Advertising in NigeriaÃ¢ÂÂs 2015 Presidential Election

This study, ‘Influence of political advertising in Nigeria’s 2015 Presidential election in Lagos state’ examined the role political advertising played in the said election. The research questions of the study are: did political advertising messages alone influence voting decision of the electorates in the 2015 Presidential election? What other factors, besides political advertising, influenced voting decision in the 2015 Presidential election? What were voters’ perceived intentions of political advertising messages in the 2015 Presidential election? What was the behavior of voters towards political advertising messages in the 2015 Presidential election? Information processing theory of William McGuire was used as the theoretical framework. Survey research method was applied and questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. Multistage sampling method was adopted and 400 copies of the instrument were distributed in five randomly selected local government areas of Lagos state. However, 396 were returned and four were deemed invalid. Therefore, 392 copies of the questionnaires, representing 98%, were analyzed. The outcome showed that for almost half of the respondents (49%), political advertising was the sole factor that influenced their voting choice. For those who noted that this was not the case, other factors accounted for their choice, and three of these factors led the pack: ethnic considerations, religious beliefs and other considerations. The result also indicates that contrary to what analysis of political advertising studies showed during the said election, voters’ perception of political advertising tilted towards the notion that it was intended to be issue-based rather than manipulative. In general, political advertising was more of a reinforcing stimulus as it acted more to affirm voters’ already held positions than as an agent of voting behavior change.
Stress and anxiety of Irish based firefighters and their coping mechanisms

Anxiety and stress are both subjective experiences. An individual’s ability to cope with stressful situations will be determined by the individual’s perception of stress and their individual coping mechanisms. Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) is used by the Irish Fire Services to manage stressful events. Age and longitude of service may influence a firefighters resistance to stress and anxiety levels. The objectives of this research are; to explore if there is a difference in age, longitude and coping mechanisms on stress and anxiety levels, and to determine is problem focused solving is predominantly used as a coping mechanism amongst respondents. Qualitative questions explore Psychological Debriefing/ defusing after a stressful experience and aspects of CISM Fire Fighters currently engage in. Method: A mixed method questionnaire based on CISS and DASS21 is being provided to participants from a full time urban based station providing EMS, and five retained stations. Participants were recruited through cross sectional convenience sampling. Results: A moderate positive correlation between stress and avoidance and a weak positive correlation between stress and social diversion was found. There was a significant association in stress and avoidance distraction and also in stress and emotion orientated coping. Research also found no difference in age and longitude of service and the coping mechanism. Problemfocused coping is the predominant coping mechanism used for Irish based firefighters. Thematic analysis results are also provided. Discussion: Review of findings, limitations of research and implications are discussed.
The Impact of Human Resource Management and Work Climate on Organizational Performance

This paper examines relationships between human resource management (HRM), work climate, and organizational performance in the branch network of a retail bank. It extends previous research on group-level climate-performance and HRM-performance relationships and examines how climate and HRM function as joint antecedents of business unit performance. Significant correlations are found between work climate, human resource practices, and business performance. The results show that the correlations between climate and performance cannot be explained by their common dependence on HRM factors, and that the data are consistent with a mediation model in which the effects of HRM practices on business performance are partially mediated by work climate.
Room for interpretation : A qualitative analysis of the Swedish and Danish physical education curricula

In school physical education (PE), there seems to be a lack of information on what pupils should learn. Curricula do not seem to define teaching aims clearly. As a result, it will leave room for teachers to interpret how and what they want to teach. Since, focus on health has increased a new view of looking at health has developed. This view means that through individual exercise a slender and slim shaped body will be achieved and maintained. This view of looking at health is called healthism. The purpose of this thesis is to see how health and PE are represented in the Danish and Swedish PE curricula in upper secondary schools – as in defined and hidden meanings. As an insight, this information is important for teachers as they will see what sort of hidden information the curriculum carries and how this might affect their teaching. The three key foci that will be explored, through critical discourse analysis are health, physical education and the body. The result has shown firstly, that there is a relationship between the body, health and physical education in the curricula. Secondly, this leaves room to believe that teaching will be based on the view of the healthism. The main conclusion is that there is lack of information in both the Danish and Swedish curricula about what pupils should learn. However, how the body, health and physical education are related to each other differ: In the Danish curriculum it seems that PE is connected to lifestyle, while in the Swedish curriculum, lifestyle is connected to health. This leaves room for teachers to interpret what the curricula says and will in turn give different teaching outcomes.
Establishment of efficient in vitro culture protocol for wheat land races of Pakistan

The reliability of the production and presence of disease resistance especially rust has sparked a renewed interest in improving landraces and exploiting these in wheat variety development programs. In vitro culture is a pre-requisite for most of the tools of biotechnology. In this context, three Pakistani wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) land races viz., LLR-13, LLR-15 and LLR-16, having leaf rust resistance were assessed for in vitro plant regeneration response. Immature embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for callogenesis and MS + zeatin riboside (1.0 mg/L) medium for regeneration of these calli. All three land races produced callus on all 2,4-D concentrations; higher doses (8 mg/L) being the most effective for callus fresh weight. However, there was a strong carry over effect of 2,4-D on regeneration capacity. Calli induced at 2 mg/L of 2,4-D showed the highest regeneration frequency for LLR-16, LLR-13 and calli of LLR-15 induced on 4mg/L were more regenerative. Overall, LLR-16 produced the maximum regenerants. Rooted plantlets were transferred to glasshouse for further evaluation. Key words: Leaf rust, immature embryos, wheat land races, regeneration, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium.
A DIRECT LINKAGE BETWEEN AGN OUTFLOWS IN THE NARROW-LINE REGIONS AND THE X-RAY EMISSION FROM THE ACCRETION DISKS

The origin of outflow in the narrow-line region (NLR) of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) is studied in this paper by focusing on the relationship between the [O iii]λ5007 line profile and the hard-X-ray (in a bandpass of 2–10 keV) emission from the central super-massive black hole (SMBH) in type-I AGNs. A sample of 47 local X-ray selected type-I AGNs at z < 0.2 ? > is extracted from the 2XMMi/SDSS-DR7 catalog, which was originally cross-matched by Pineau et al. The X-ray luminosities in an energy band from 2 to 10 keV of these luminous AGNs range from 1042 to 10 44 erg s − 1 ? > . A joint spectral analysis is performed on their optical and X-ray spectra, in which the [O iii] line profile is modeled by a sum of several Gaussian functions to quantify its deviation from a pure Gaussian function. The statistics allow us to identify a moderate correlation with a significance level of 2. 78σ: luminous AGNs with stronger [O iii] blue asymmetry tend to have steeper hard-X-ray spectra. By identifying the role of L / L Edd ? > on the correlation at a 2–3σ significance level in both direct and indirect ways, we argue that the photon index versus the asymmetry correlation provides evidence that the AGN’s outflow commonly observed in its NLR is related to the accretion process occurring around the central SMBH, which favors the wind/radiation model as the origin of the outflow in luminous AGNs.
Knowledge Management – a Neglected Dimension in Discourse on Safety Management and Safety Culture – Evidence from Estonia

The current study proposes a model for a positive safety culture with a knowledge management dimension and tests this on a sample of 1757 employees from Estonian SMEs in different branches of industry, using the factor analysis. Despite conceptual and empirical justification, researchers have not consistently included concepts of knowledge management in safety culture studies. This paper explores the possibility of using Knowledge Management in the Occupational Health and Safety Management System. The paper reports on an empirical examination of the relationship between safety climate and safety culture through a knowledge management dimension with a special focus on the management of safety knowledge. The results of this study indicate that a safety climate has impact on the three dimensions of safety culture, namely psychological, behavioral and organizational aspects of safety culture. This paper supplements Cooper’s Reciprocal Model of Safety Culture with Knowledge Management System Dimensions. Several specific features of knowledge management, such as communication, personal competence and responsibility, were found to influence the relationship between a safety climate and a safety culture. Thus, an effective assessment tool for the evaluation of knowledge management dimensions of safety culture could be proposed based on the results of this study.
Supersonic Jet Texturing of Yarns

Almost all aspects of textile production increasingly feature the application of fluid jets and this paper reviews some of these in connection with the specific field of synthetic filament processing, for example the mingling or interlacing of false-twist textured yarns and the hot fluid texturing process for carpet pile yarns. Particular attention is then given to the texturing of filaments by cold air jets operating at supersonic speeds in view of the two authors' considerable advancements of knowledge in this growirtgly significant field of application for the man-made fibres.