Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reflections on the Revised National Curriculum for Preschool in Sweden – interviews with the heads

In Sweden a Revised National Curriculum for Preschool (Lpfö 98, revised 2010) was implemented on 1 July 2011. The purpose of the revised curriculum was to increase the quality in the Swedish preschool by stressing the scientific basis. The aim was to explore how four heads of preschool reflect on the curriculum and the quality in preschool. This article is based on focus group methodology. The questions concerned reflections on the Curriculum for Preschool, systematic quality work and the role of the heads. The results showed that the most important factors concerning the revised curriculum were competent staff, attitudes and values and systematic quality work. Important factors for quality work were competent staff, enough time for pedagogical planning and the children, and low staff turnover. Important issues concerning the role of the heads were knowledge and understanding of the mission, systematic work and goals of improvement.
Dynamics of levitated nanospheres: towards the strong coupling regime

The use of levitated nanospheres represents a new paradigm for the optomechanical cooling of a small mechanical oscillator, with the prospect of realizing quantum oscillators with unprecedentedly high quality factors. We investigate the dynamics of this system, especially in the so-called self-trapping regime, where one or more optical fields simultaneously trap and cool the mechanical oscillator. The determining characteristic of this regime is that both the mechanical frequency ωM and single-photon optomechanical coupling strength parameters g are a function of the optical field intensities, in contrast to usual set-ups where ωM and g are constant for the given system. We also measure the characteristic transverse and axial trapping frequencies of different sized silica nanospheres in a simple optical standing wave potential, for spheres of radii r = 20–500 nm, illustrating a protocol for loading single nanospheres into a standing wave optical trap that would be formed by an optical cavity. We use these data to confirm the dependence of the effective optomechanical coupling strength on sphere radius for levitated nanospheres in an optical cavity and discuss the prospects for reaching regimes of strong light–matter coupling. Theoretical semiclassical and quantum displacement noise spectra show that for larger nanospheres with a range of interesting and novel dynamical regimes can be accessed. These include simultaneous hybridization of the two optical modes with the mechanical modes and parameter regimes where the system is bistable. We show that here, in contrast to typical single-optical mode optomechanical systems, bistabilities are independent of intracavity intensity and can occur for very weak laser driving amplitudes.
EVALUTION OF A SYNTHETIC L2-L5 SPINE MODEL FOR BIOMECHANICAL TESTING

Synthetic mechanical analogs to long bones have been used for various biomechanical studies [2,3]. Pacific Research Laboratories (PRL) has recently developed synthetic spines models (L2-L5) for use in biomechanical testing. The synthetic spine models consist of polyurethane foam vertebral bodies connected with intervertebral discs, ligaments and facet capsules consisting of various polyester/urethane polymers. A synthetic L3-L4 functional spine unit was previously validated against L3-L4 human motion segments [4]. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the biomechanics between human cadaveric and synthetic spine models.
MoSeL: a general, extensible modal framework for interactive proofs in separation logic

A number of tools have been developed for carrying out separation-logic proofs mechanically using an interactive proof assistant. One of the most advanced such tools is the Iris Proof Mode (IPM) for Coq, which offers a rich set of tactics for making separation-logic proofs look and feel like ordinary Coq proofs. However, IPM is tied to a particular separation logic (namely, Iris), thus limiting its applicability. In this paper, we propose MoSeL, a general and extensible Coq framework that brings the benefits of IPM to a much larger class of separation logics. Unlike IPM, MoSeL is applicable to both affine and linear separation logics (and combinations thereof), and provides generic tactics that can be easily extended to account for the bespoke connectives of the logics with which it is instantiated. To demonstrate the effectiveness of MoSeL, we have instantiated it to provide effective tactical support for interactive and semi-automated proofs in six very different separation logics.
STRENGTH 1 Argument Strength and the Persuasiveness of Stories

Stories are a powerful means to change people’s attitudes and beliefs. The aim of the current work was to shed light on the role of argument strength (argument quality) in narrative persuasion. The present study examined the influence of strong versus weak arguments on attitudes in a low or high narrative context. Moreover, baseline attitudes, interindividual differences in working memory capacity, and recipients’ transportation were examined. Stories with strong arguments were more persuasive than stories with weak arguments. This main effect was qualified by a two-way interaction with baseline attitude, revealing that argument strength had a greater impact on individuals who initially were particularly doubtful towards the story claim. Furthermore, we identified a three-way interaction, which showed that argument strength mattered most for recipients who were deeply transported into the story world in stories that followed a typical narrative structure. These findings provide an important specification of narrative persuasion theory.
Syndicated Loans

This paper analyzes the market for syndicated loans, a hybrid of public and private debt. The market is large (over $1 trillion in 1997) and growing rapidly. While loan sales have been heavily researched, there has been little work on syndications, which differ in character from sales. We describe the syndication process and present empirical evidence that the extent to which a loan can be syndicated increases as information about the borrower becomes more transparent, as the syndicate's lead manager becomes more reputable, as the loan's maturity increases, and as the loan lacks collateral. The lead bank holds larger portions of information-problematic loans in its own portfolio. Loan syndications, like loan sales, appear to be motivated by capital regulations, but the liquidity position of the lead agent does not influence its syndication behavior. In general, our results support the hypothesis that where information is less than fully transparent, debt contracts are marketed to investors with specialized monitoring skills who rely on contract characteristics and seller reputation to resolve information asymmetry and agency problems.
DINOSSAUROS ESPINOSSAURÍDEOS DO CRETÁCEO INICIAL DO NORTE DA ÁFRICA E EUROPA: REGISTRO FOSSILÍFERO, BIOGEOGRAFIA E EXTINÇÃO

We review the fossil records of spinosaurid dinosaurs in order to discuss this group’s evolution and distribution in Europe and North Africa during the Early Cretaceous. Along with their eastern Laurasian distribution during the Cretaceous, these theropods have been found in coastal deposits of Europe and North Africa dated from the Barremian to the Cenomanian. The main occurrences of spinosaurid remains are in the deposits of northern Gondwana and western Laurasia, which suggests that these regions were very important in spinosaurid evolution prior to the Cenomanian. Later, spinosaurids were seemingly replaced in northern Gondwana by other top predator groups, including the abelisauroids.
Be well: A systems-based wellness intervention using mindfulness in the workplace – A case study

Introduction: Healthy work environments are essential in determining improved well-being of Australians. Job stress has been identified as a significant factor in psychological distress. This study evaluated the effect of introducing a systems-based workplace wellness programme using mindfulness in the workplace. Methods: The programme ‘Be Well’ was introduced as part of a systems-based approach to workplace health promotion, and evaluated using sick leave as a proxy for workplace stress, and the stress satisfaction offset score to determine the degree of change in stress and satisfaction. Results: There was significant reduction in sick leave (2014 vs. 2012) ( p p
Etiology, Biology and Treatment of Muscular Lesions

The detrimental event on a muscular level, founds one of the most recurring traumatic insults in sporting environment. The entity of the lesion can go from simple sprain, often associated with the breakage of small vessels, with appearance of pain and swelling, to complete muscular tear. The consequences for the athlete, which appear linked with the entity of the lesion, are always unpleasant and involve suspension, more or less long, of sporting activity, not to mention suitable therapy.
Frontiers in Bioscience 10, 119-134, January 1, 2005

1 Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Kosugi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; 2 Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA; 3 Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; 4 Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
High frequency electrical oscillations in cavities

If the interior of a conducting cavity (such as a capacitor or a coaxial cable) is supplied with a very high-frequency electric signal, the information between the walls propagates with an appreciable delay, due to the _niteness of the speed of light. The con_guration is typical of cavities having size larger than the wavelength of the injected signal. Such a non rare situation, in practice, may cause a break down of the performances of the device. We show that the classical Coulomb's law and Maxwell's equations do not correctly predict this behavior. Therefore, we provide an extension of the modeling equations that allows for a more reliable determination of the electromagnetic _eld during the evolution process. The main issue is that, even in vacuum (no dielectric inside the device), the fast variation of the signal produces sinks and sources in the electric _eld, giving rise to zones where the divergence is not zero. These regions are well balanced, so that their average in the domain is zero. However, this behavior escapes the usual treatment with classical electromagnetism.
Galaxies and Intergalactic Matter at Redshift z ~ 3: Overview

We present the first results from a survey of the relative spatial distributions of galaxies, intergalactic neutral hydrogen, and intergalactic metals at high redshift. We obtained high-resolution spectra of eight bright quasars (QSOs) at 3.1 < z < 4.1 and spectroscopic redshifts for 431 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at slightly lower redshifts. Comparing the locations of galaxies to the absorption lines in the QSO spectra shows that the intergalactic medium contains less neutral hydrogen than the global average within r ≲ 0.5 h-1 comoving Mpc of LBGs and more than average at slightly larger distances 1 h-1 comoving Mpc ≲ r ≲ 5 h-1 comoving Mpc. The intergalactic medium within the largest overdensities at z ~ 3, which will presumably evolve into the intracluster medium by z ~ 0, is rich in neutral hydrogen and C IV. The lack of H I absorption at small distances from LBGs appears unlikely to be produced solely by the Lyman continuum radiation they emit; it may show that the galaxies' supernova-driven winds maintain their measured outflow velocities of ~600 km s-1 for a few hundred million years and drive away nearby intergalactic gas. We present correlation functions of galaxies with Lyα forest flux decrements, with C IV systems, and with other galaxies. We describe the association of galaxies with damped Lyα systems and with intergalactic He II opacity. A strong observed correlation of galaxies with intergalactic metals supports the idea that LBG winds have enriched their surroundings.
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals Composed of Banana-Shaped Thioesters

Thermotropic liquid crystals composed of rod like molecules are known as calamitic liquid crystals. Flatten molecules of some organic compounds form discotic liquid crystals. Both kinds of compounds may exhibit nematic phase. Calamitic mesogens may also form lamellar smectic structures being so important for living systems, whereas discotic molecules make columnar mesophases. Banana-shaped (bow-shaped or bent-core) ferroelectric liquid crystals have been discovered in the last decade of the 20-th century (Noiri et al., 1996). Since then there has been a great interest in their dielectric and electrooptic properties due to potential applications (Sekine et al., 1997; Link et al., 1997; Pelzl et al., 1999). At the beginning some of the bent-core compounds were not chemically stable enough as to study them experimentally during cooling and heating runs in long lasting experiments (Wrobel et al., 2000). It came out that bent-core achiral thioesters are very stable materials showing either B1 or B2 phase (Rouillon et al., 2001; Ossowska-Chruściel, 2007, 2009). In this article we present complementary studies on B1 and B2 phases of 1,3-phenylene bis{4-[(4-alkoxybenzoyl)-sulfanyl]benzoates} (in short: nOSOR) having achiral symmetric bent-core molecules shown in Fig. 1.
Behavioural Real Estate

The behavioural approach to decision making under uncertainty combines insights from psychology and sociology into economic decision making. It steps away from the normative homo economicus and introduces a positive approach to human decision making under uncertainty. We provide an overview of the main themes in the behavioural real estate literature from the perspective of different market participants. It can be concluded that there seems to be general agreement that behavioural studies can help explain the inefficiency of real estate markets, but a large component of behavioural decision making in the property markets seems to be undiscovered.
Comment: The effect of Mie resonances on trapping in optical tweezers

An optical tweezer is a single-beam optical trap that can localize objects in three dimensions using forces exerted by a strongly focused beam of light [1]. Recently, Stilgoe et al. reported calculations of the axial trapping efficiency of optical tweezers for dielectric spheres, which emphasized the important role of Mie resonances on the stability and strength of optical traps, particularly for high-index particles [2]. These calculations are based on the Lorenz-Mie theory of light scattering by spheres [3], and so should provide exact results for all sphere sizes and compositions. This approach also is numerically efficient, and can be generalized to compute the forces and torques due to arbitrary light fields [4] on objects of arbitrary shape [5, 6]. The calculations reported in Ref. [2] were performed with the “optical tweezers toolbox” software suite [7] described in Ref. [5], which is formally correct, but relies on numerically inaccurate Hankel functions provided by Matlab R © (versions R2007a through R2008b, The MathWorks, Natick, MA). Consequently, some of the results reported in Ref. [2] are incorrect, particularly for very small spheres. The incident light field, E0, the scattered wave, Es, and the field within the sphere, Ei, are all described in Lorenz-Mie theory as expansions in vector spherical harmonics, [3]
Financial Valuation and Risk Management Working Paper No . 757 Investors ’ Attention and Stock Market Volatility

Investors’ attention to the stock market is time-varying and strongly co-moves with stock market volatility. We build a theoretical model consistent with this observation. Our model features fluctuating attention to news, and implies a quadratic relationship between investors’ attention and stock market volatility. We find empirical support for this relationship. Volatility and risk premium are counter-cyclical, and the relationship between them changes with the level of attention. Furthermore, the short-term asset—the claim to dividends in the near future—is volatile and commands a large equity premium during downturns, in line with recent empirical findings. úWe would like to thank Bernard Dumas and Julien Hugonnier for stimulating conversations and many insightful comments. We would also like to acknowledge comments from Tony Berrada, Jerome Detemple, Christian Dorion, Alexandre Jeanneret, Semyon Malamud, Michael Rockinger, and seminar participants at the Mathematical Finance Days Conference in Montréal and the Princeton-Lausanne Workshop on Quantitative Finance in Lausanne. Financial support from the Swiss Finance Institute and from NCCR FINRISK of the Swiss National Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. †Swiss Finance Institute, University of Lausanne, dandrei@unil.ch, www.danielandrei. net ‡Swiss Finance Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, michael.hasler@epfl.ch, http://people.epfl.ch/michael.hasler
The Speaker's Discretion

House rules allow the Speaker to choose any conferees he wishes, suggesting he might use conference delegations to advance partisan goals. In practice, the Speaker nearly always selects members of the bill's jurisdictional committee(s). The authors propose a theory of conferee selection that endogenizes both partisan goals and committee participation. They argue that the Speaker's incentives lead him to appoint committee members, but he anticipates cases in which they would produce an outcome unfavorable to the majority party. In these cases, the Speaker appoints other conferees in addition to those from the jurisdictional committee, thereby “packing” the delegation in favor of the majority party position. The authors derive and test hypotheses regarding when the Speaker packs conference delegations, and what delegations look like when packed. The tests support the theory.
The Zig-Zag process and super-efficient sampling for Bayesian analysis of big data

Standard MCMC methods can scale poorly to big data settings due to the need to evaluate the likelihood at each iteration. There have been a number of approximate MCMC algorithms that use sub-sampling ideas to reduce this computational burden, but with the drawback that these algorithms no longer target the true posterior distribution. We introduce a new family of Monte Carlo methods based upon a multi-dimensional version of the Zig-Zag process of (Bierkens, Roberts, 2017), a continuous time piecewise deterministic Markov process. While traditional MCMC methods are reversible by construction (a property which is known to inhibit rapid convergence) the Zig-Zag process offers a flexible non-reversible alternative which we observe to often have favourable convergence properties. We show how the Zig-Zag process can be simulated without discretisation error, and give conditions for the process to be ergodic. Most importantly, we introduce a sub-sampling version of the Zig-Zag process that is an example of an {\em exact approximate scheme}, i.e. the resulting approximate process still has the posterior as its stationary distribution. Furthermore, if we use a control-variate idea to reduce the variance of our unbiased estimator, then the Zig-Zag process can be super-efficient: after an initial pre-processing step, essentially independent samples from the posterior distribution are obtained at a computational cost which does not depend on the size of the data.
Measurement of the flux and zenith angle distribution of upward through going muons in Kamiokande II + III

The flux of upward through-going muons of minimum (mean) threshold energy > 1.6 (3.0) GeV is measured, based on a total of 372 events observed by the Kamiokande II+III detector during 2456 detector live days. The observed muon flux was (1.94+-0.10(stat.)+0.07-0.06(sys.))*10^-13 /cm^2/s/sr, which is compared to an expected value of (2.46+-0.54(theo.))*10^-13/cm^2/s/sr. The observation is in agreement with the prediction within the errors. The zenith angle dependence of the observed upward through-going muons supports the previous indication of neutrino oscillations made by Kamiokande using sub- and multi-GeV atmospheric neutrino events.
Particle filtering, beamforming and multiple signal classification for the analysis of magnetoencephalography time series: A comparison of algorithms

We present a comparison of three methods for the solution of the magnetoencephalography inverse problem. The methods are: a linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer, an algorithm implementing multiple signal classification with recursively applied projection and a particle filter for Bayesian tracking. Synthetic data with neurophysiological significance are analyzed by the three methods to recover position, orientation and amplitude of the active sources. Finally, a real data set evoked by a simple auditory stimulus is considered.
Comparison of the meteorology and surface energy balance at Storbreen and Midtdalsbreen, two glaciers in southern Norway

Abstract. We compare 5 years of meteorological records from automatic weather stations (AWSs) on Storbreen and Midtdalsbreen, two glaciers in southern Norway, located approximately 120 km apart. The records are obtained from identical AWSs with an altitude difference of 120 m and cover the period September 2001 to September 2006. Air temperature at the AWS locations is found to be highly correlated, even with the seasonal cycle removed. The most striking difference between the two sites is the difference in wind climate. Midtdalsbreen is much more under influence of the large-scale circulation with wind speeds on average a factor 1.75 higher. On Storbreen, weaker katabatic winds are dominant. The main melt season is from May to September at both locations. During the melt season, incoming and net solar radiation are larger on Midtdalsbreen, whereas incoming and net longwave radiation are larger on Storbreen, primarily caused by thicker clouds on the latter. The turbulent fluxes are a factor 1.7 larger on Midtdalsbreen, mainly due to the higher wind speeds. Inter-daily fluctuations in the surface energy fluxes are very similar at the AWS sites. On average, melt energy is a factor 1.3 larger on Midtdalsbreen, a result of both larger net radiation and larger turbulent fluxes. The relative contribution of net radiation to surface melt is larger on Storbreen (76%) than on Midtdalsbreen (66%). As winter snow depth at the two locations is comparable in most years, the larger amount of melt energy results in an earlier disappearance of the snowpack on Midtdalsbreen and 70% more ice melt than on Storbreen. We compare the relative and absolute values of the energy fluxes on Storbreen and Midtdalsbreen with reported values for glaciers at similar latitudes. Furthermore, a comparison is made with meteorological variables measured at two nearby weather stations, showing that on-site measurements are essential for an accurate calculation of the surface energy balance and melt rate.