Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of pulpal temperature rise during light curing of 6 bonding agents from different generations, using light emitting diode and quartz-tungsten-halogen units: An in-vitro simulation

Background: Application of bonding agents (BA) into deep cavities and light curing them might increase pulpal temperature and threaten its health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate temperature rise of pulp by light curing six BA using two different light curing units (LCU), through a dent in wall of 0.5 mm. Materials and Methods: This in vitro experiment was carried out on 96 slices of the same number of human third molars (6 BAs × 2 LCUs × 8 specimens in each group). There were 6 groups of BAs: N Bond, G-Bond, OptiBond XTR, Clearfil SE, Adper Single Bond 2 and V Bond. Each group of BA (n = 16) had two subgroups of light emitting diode (LED) and quartz-tungsten-halogen light cure units (n = 8). Each of these 16 specimens were subjected to light emitting for 20 s, once without any BAs (control) and later when a BA was applied to surface of disk. Temperature rises in 140 s were evaluated. Their mean temperature change in first 20 s were calculated and analyzed using two-way repeated-measures and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey (α = 0.05). Furthermore rate of temperature increase was calculated for each material and LCU. Results: Minimum and maximum temperature rises in all subgroups were 1.7 and 2.8°C, respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that both of adhesive and LCU types had significant effect on temperature rise after application of adhesives. Tukey post-hoc analysis showed Clearfil SE showed significantly higher temperature rise in comparison with Adper Single bond 2 (P = 0.047) and N Bond (P = 0.038). Temperature rose in a linear fashion during first 30-40 s and after that it was non-linear. Conclusion: 20 s of light curing seems safe for pulpal health (with critical threshold of 5.5°C). However, in longer durations and especially when using LED units, the process should be broken to two sessions.
A longitudinal study of cortical changes and their cognitive correlates in patients followed up after first-episode psychosis

Background Loss of cortical volume in frontotemporal regions occurs in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and longitudinal studies have reported progressive brain volume changes at different stages of the disease, even if cognitive deficits remain stable over time. We investigated cortical changes in patients over the 2 years following their FEP and their associations with clinical and cognitive measures. Method Twenty-seven patients after their FEP (20 with schizophrenia, seven with schizo-affective disorder) and 25 healthy controls matched for age and gender participated in this study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on a 1.5-T scanner both at baseline and after 2 years. Area and thickness of the cortex were measured using surface-based morphometry (SBM). Patients also underwent neuropsychological testing at these two time points. Results Progressive cortical thinning in the superior and inferior frontal and, to a lesser extent, superior temporal cortex was observed in patients. Cortical area remained constant. Cortical thinning was associated with duration of treatment at a trend level and was predicted by baseline measures of IQ and working memory. Cortical thinning occurred in the absence of clinical or cognitive deterioration. Conclusions The clinical implications of these cortical changes remain uncertain, but patients with less cognitive reserve may be more vulnerable to developing cortical abnormalities when exposed to medication or other disease-related biological factors.
Effects of single-visit full-mouth ultrasonic debridement versus quadrant-wise ultrasonic debridement.

BACKGROUND The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to determine the effects of single-visit full-mouth ultrasonic debridement versus quadrant-wise therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-six subjects with chronic periodontitis, were randomly allocated to three groups--quadrant-wise ultrasonic debridement, single-visit full-mouth ultrasonic debridement with povidone iodine and single-visit full-mouth ultrasonic debridement with water. Whole-mouth plaque, bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth and attachment level were recorded before treatment and 1, 3 and 6 months post-treatment. Plaque and saliva samples were collected for microbiological analysis. RESULTS After treatment, all groups showed significant improvement in clinical parameters. Full-mouth treatments resulted in similar improvements in full-mouth mean plaque percentage, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level as conventional therapy. When data were analysed based on pocket depth and tooth type, there was no difference between groups in probing depth reduction or attachment gains. The full-mouth groups demonstrated greater reduction in BOP% and number of pockets > or =5 mm and the total treatment time was significantly shorter. The detection frequencies of periodontal pathogens in plaque and saliva showed slight changes with no difference between groups. CONCLUSION Single-visit full-mouth mechanical debridement may have limited additional benefits over quadrant-wise therapy in the treatment of periodontitis, but can be completed in a shorter time.
Relationship between maternal and neonatal levels of antibodies to 48 kDa SSB(La), 52 kDa SSA(Ro), and 60 kDa SSA(Ro) in pregnancies complicated by congenital heart block.

OBJECTIVE Since there is suggestive but, to date, indirect evidence that maternal anti-SSA(Ro) and SSB(La) antibodies are pathogenic in congenital heart block (CHB), we explored the hypothesis that binding to fetal tissues would result in selective depletion of autoantibodies from the neonatal circulation. METHODS Maternal and umbilical cord levels of anti-48 kDa SSB(La), anti-52 kDa SSA(Ro) and anti-60 kDa SSA(Ro) antibodies were measured by ELISA and immunoprecipitation at parturition in 15 pregnancies complicated by CHB. A control group consisted of 13 pregnancies in which the mother was known to have antibodies to either SSA(Ro) and/or SSB(La) and the children did not have CHB. RESULTS The ratios of maternal to cord serum levels of anti-48 SSB(La), anti-52 SSA(Ro) and anti-60 kDa SSA(Ro) antibodies ranged from 0.71 to 2.38 in both affected and unaffected pregnancies. The mean ratio obtained for each of the 3 autoantibodies was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Moreover these ratios did not significantly differ from the mean ratios obtained for total IgG levels in either group. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that maternal antibodies to all components of the SSA(Ro) SSB(La) system are efficiently transported across the placenta and are not selectively depleted in the circulation of neonates with CHB.
Effects of escitalopram on markers of bone turnover: a randomized clinical trial.

CONTEXT Recent observational studies have suggested that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is associated with an increased fracture risk and an accelerated bone loss, although conflicting results have been reported. Furthermore, because many of these studies have been performed in depressed women, confounding by indication may influence these findings. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors affect bone metabolism Design: This was a randomized controlled trial. SETTING The study was conducted in four US clinical sites. PARTICIPANTS Healthy peri- and postmenopausal women participated in the study. INTERVENTION The intervention was escitalopram (10-20 mg/d) for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum carboxyterminal collagen crosslinks (CTX) and serum amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) were measured. RESULTS One hundred forty-one peri- or postmenopausal nondepressed women (mean age 53.7 y, SD 4.1) had baseline and 8-week follow-up samples available for analysis and were included in the study (69 escitalopram, 72 placebo). The groups were balanced across a broad range of baseline characteristics, including age, race, body mass index, smoking status, and mood symptoms. The between-group differences in the change in CTX and P1NP from baseline to week 8 were compared by a repeated-measures linear regression model adjusted for race, clinical center, and baseline measurement. Treatment with escitalopram reduced serum P1NP by 1.02 ng/mL on average [95% confidence interval (CI) -5.17, 3.12] compared with a reduction of 1.88 ng/mL (95% CI -4.82, 1.06) in the placebo group (P = .65). Similarly, serum CTX decreased 0.02 ng/mL on average (95% CI -0.05, 0.01) in the escitalopram group compared with 0.00 ng/mL (95% CI -0.02, 0.02) in the placebo group (P = .24). The results were similar when the analysis was restricted to those women whose adherence to study medication was 70% or greater. CONCLUSIONS Although the study was limited to 8 weeks, these results suggest that escitalopram does not significantly alter bone metabolism in the short term.
Banking Industry Dynamics and Size-Dependent Capital Regulation

This paper presents a general equilibrium model with a dynamic banking sector to characterize optimal size-dependent bank capital regulation (CR). Bank leverage choices are subject to the risk-return trade-off: high leverage increases expected return on capital, but also increases return variance and bank failure risk. Financial frictions imply that bank leverage choices are socially inefficient, providing scope for a welfare-enhancing CR that imposes a cap on bank leverage. The optimal CR is tighter relative to the pre-crisis benchmark. Optimal CR is also bank specific, and tighter for large banks than for small banks. This is for three reasons. First, allowing small banks to take more leverage enables them to potentially grow faster, leading to a growth effect. Second, although more leverage by small banks results in a higher exit rate, these exits are by the less efficient banks, leading to a cleansing effect. Third, failures are more costly among large banks, because these are more efficient in equilibrium and intermediate more capital. Therefore, tighter regulation for large banks renders them less prone to failure, leading to a stabilization effect. In terms of industry dynamics, tighter CR results in a smaller bank exit rate and a larger equilibrium mass of better capitalized banks, even though physical capital stock and wages are lower. The calibrated model rationalizes various steady state moments of the US banking industry, and provides general support for the Basel III GSIB framework.
An approach to efficacy screening of mouthrinses: studies on a group of French products (I). Staining and antimicrobial properties in vitro.

There is a large and increasing number of oral hygiene products available to the general public. As such, it is difficult to demonstrate efficacy for all in long-term home-use studies. The aim of this project was to determine whether screening studies could position the activity and efficacy of a number of antiseptic mouthrinses, available in France, by comparison with an established product. This study reports the experiments in vitro. The products under test were, 4 containing chlorhexidine (Eludril, Hibident, Parodex and Prexidine) with Hibident considered the positive control, one containing cetylpyridinium chloride (Alodont) and one containing hexetidine (Hextril). The 1st study determined the antibacterial profile of the chlorhexidine products against a panel of oral bacteria using an agar dilution method. The 2nd study recorded, by optical density, the propensity of all products to induce tea staining on clear acrylic specimens. The maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) of the chlorhexidine products against the test organisms, once adjusted for initial concentration differences, were essentially similar. One exception was Eludril which had an increased MID against Capnocytophaga sputigena, an organism normally less sensitive to chlorhexidine. Hibident and Prexidine produced expected levels of tea staining; that produced by Parodex was lower than the expected. Staining by Eludril was little different than water controls suggesting markedly reduced availability of chlorhexidine in this product. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Does Country-Specific Globalization Impact Private Loan Contracts?

In this study I investigate the impact that operating in specific foreign countries has on the bank loan contracts of multinational companies. While previous research has shown that increased firm globalization leads to a lower cost of bank debt, I find that this relationship is attenuated when firms operate in countries with certain institutional attributes. Using income levels, creditor rights, and property rights as institutional indices, I test the association of country-level factors with the priced and non-priced components of bank loan contracts. I find that globalized firms operating in low income countries, countries with weak creditor rights, or countries with weak property rights do not receive the same positive debt contracting features as do firms operating in high income countries, countries with strong creditor rights, or countries with strong property rights.
Investigation of basic physics of non-Foster negative capacitance in time domain

Possible application of non-Foster elements such as negative capacitors and negative inductors in broadband matching of small antennas has been a subject of many research studies for a number of years. Unfortunately, due to serious stability problems, there have been a very few practical examples of real-world engineering implementations. Recent examples of inclusion of negative capacitors into metamaterial structures have renewed research interests in non-Foster elements. At the same time, it has been shown that the physical interpretation of operation of negative capacitors and inductors, which is extremely important for stability analysis, is still not completely clear. This paper attempts to explain some basic physical issues of a negative capacitor by time-domain measurements on the low-frequency laboratory prototype.
Renormalization-group estimates of transport coefficients in the advection of a passive scalar by incompressible turbulence.

Abstract : The advection of a passive scalar by incompressible turbulence is considered using recursive renormalization group procedures in the differential subgrid shell thickness limit. It is shown explicitly that the higher order nonlinearities induced by the recursive renormalization group procedure preserve Galilean invariance. Differential equations, valid for the entire resolvable wavenumber k range, are determined for the eddy viscosity and eddy diffusivity coefficients and it is shown that higher order nonlinearities do not contribute as k right arrow 0, but have an essential role as k right arrow kc, the cutoff wavenumber separating the resolvable scales from the subgrid scales. The recursive renormalization transport coefficients and the associated eddy Prandtl number are in good agreement with the k-dependent transport coefficients derived from closure theories and experiments. RNG, Passive scalar, Transport coefficients.
Is preeclampsia associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery if labor is induced?

Objective. To determine whether preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery if labor is induced. Methods. This retrospective cohort study of 3505 women ≥24 weeks gestation with singleton pregnancies undergoing labor induction compares cesarean delivery rates between preeclamptics and non-preeclamptics. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to control for potential confounders including unfavorable cervix (Bishop score ≤5), method of labor induction, maternal age, parity, gestational age, race/ethnicity, epidural use, medical insurance, and marital status. Results. Among term nulliparous women undergoing labor induction, preeclamptics had a higher cesarean delivery rate then non-preeclamptics (81/267, 30% vs. 363/1568, 23%; p = 0.011), as did preeclamptic compared with non-preeclamptic women who were term and multiparous (10/64, 16% vs. 55/900, 6%, p = 0.003). Preterm preeclamptics also had more cesarean deliveries compared with non-preeclamptics among nulliparous (48/164, 29% vs. 16/245, 7%; p < 0.001) and multiparous (13/72, 18% vs. 18/225, 8%; p = 0.015) women. In multivariable analysis, preeclampsia still conferred an increased risk of cesarean delivery if labor was induced (adjusted odd ratio = 1.90, 95% CI 1.45–2.48). Conclusion. Women with preeclampsia undergoing labor induction had higher cesarean delivery rates compared with non-preeclamptics regardless of parity or gestational age. However, the majority of women with preeclampsia still had successful vaginal deliveries.
ADENOVIRUS INFECTION IN PEDIATRIC SMALL BOWEL TRANSPLANTATION RECIPIENTS

Background. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of adenoviral infection in pediatric small bowel transplantation (SBT) recipients, examine risk factors for progression to histologic disease, and examine the impact of adenovirus on outcome. Methods. Beginning in July 2000, all SBT recipients had viral cultures for adenovirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) obtained routinely during graft biopsies. The medical records were retrospectively reviewed for frequency and site of viral culture, types and doses of immunosuppressive drugs, episodes of rejection, histology of allograft biopsies, and other infections. Adenoviral isolates were typed by polymerase chain reaction and type‐specific neutralization assays. Results. All 14 SBT recipients who met enrollment criteria had evidence of adenoviral infection (intestinal graft, 13; liver graft, 1). Eight of 14 developed histologic disease with identifiable adenoviral intranuclear inclusions. In contrast, CMV enteritis was identified in only one patient, who subsequently also developed adenoviral disease. No other viruses were detected. Adenoviral cultures were first positive within 30 days of transplant in nine. Patients with histologic disease were more likely than those without to have received intensive corticosteroid therapy (P<0.007), had virus isolated from more than one site (P=0.03), and had persistent positive cultures (P<0.01). Conclusions. Adenovirus was commonly isolated from children undergoing intestinal transplantation. Progression to disease may be associated with more intensive immunosuppressive therapy and inability to clear virus.
Perspective from the heart: The potential of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) are self‐renewing cells with the potential to differentiate into a variety of human cells. They hold great promise for regenerative medicine and serve as useful in vitro models for studying human biology. For the past few years, there is vast interest in applying these cells to advance cardiovascular medicine. Human cardiomyocytes can be readily generated from hPSC and they have been characterized extensively with regards to molecular and functional properties. They have been transplanted into animal models of cardiovascular diseases and also shown to be potentially useful reagents for drug discovery. Yet, despite great progress in this field, significant technical hurdles remain before these cells could be used clinically or for pharmaceutical research and development. Further research using novel approaches will be required to overcome these bottlenecks. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 39–46, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antecedents and consequences of perceived risk in Internet shopping in China and France : a cross-cultural approach

The perceived risks associated with online shopping have a critical effect on consumer decision making. In addition, cultural values provide a good theoretical basis for understanding perceived risk. Given the rapid globalization of online shopping, an understanding of the reasons why perceived risk vary in different cultures regarding online shopping should be crucial. The research question furnishing the main impetus for this study is: What are the significant differences in the effect of several determinants of perceived risk of online clothing shopping depending on cultural differences between China and France? Structural equation models with the maximum likelihood estimation method are employed to test all the hypothesized relationships. The research puts forth some findings. First, it is interesting to note that both the Chinese and French respondents perceive low levels of non-personal and personal risk regarding their online clothing purchases, but the Chinese respondents perceive higher non-personal risk than the French respondents and higher personal risk than the French respondents. The second key finding is that privacy concerns, security protection, and reputation have different effects on both consumer perception of non-personal risk and personal risk depending on cultural differences. Reputation is more valued in collectivist cultures (China), while privacy concerns and security protection are more valued in individualist cultures (France). Additionally, for both the Chinese and French samples, non-personal perceived risk significantly effects intention to repurchase. We found personal perceived risk has a significant effect only on Chinese consumer intention to repurchase.
Assessing the Validity of the Accelerometry Technique for Estimating the Energy Expenditure of Diving Double-Crested Cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus

Over the past few years, acceleration-data loggers have been used to provide calibrated proxies of energy expenditure: the accelerometry technique. Relationships between rate of oxygen consumption and a derivation of acceleration data termed “overall dynamic body acceleration” (ODBA) have now been generated for a range of species, including birds, mammals, and amphibians. In this study, we examine the utility of the accelerometry technique for estimating the energy expended by double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus to undertake a dive cycle (i.e., a dive and the subsequent pause at the surface before another dive). The results show that ODBA does not calibrate with energy expenditure in diving cormorants, where energy expenditure is calculated from measures of oxygen uptake during surface periods between dives. The possible explanations include reasons why energy expenditure may not relate to ODBA but also reasons why oxygen uptake between dives may not accurately represent energy expenditure during a dive cycle.
Corporate Default Risk and Loan Pricing Behaviour in China

This paper studies banks’ loan pricing behaviour in mainland China from 2003-2013 by applying panel regressions to firm-level loan data and estimated default likelihood for listed companies. We find that, with the progress of market-oriented financial reforms, banks generally require compensation for their exposure to borrowers’ default risks. More so if the borrower is a non-state-owned enterprise (non-SOE), mainly due to the pricing behaviour of the Big Four banks. On the other hand, bank lending rates are less sensitive to the default risks of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Our results also reveal that banks priced in firm default risks before 2008 financial crisis, but not necessarily after the crisis. As for industries, we find that, after the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, the real estate sector and other government-supported industries tended to enjoy better terms on loan pricing in terms of default risks. We believe the main reason is that government stimulus policies tilted towards those industries that played crucial roles in China’s economic growth.