Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Konsumsi Rokok Berdasarkan Karakteristik Individu di Indonesia

This study analyzes the correlation of smoking behavior and general health status of respondents and explores individual characteristics as determinant of individual becoming a smoker in Indonesia. This study utilizes data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) on 2000 and 2007. Correlation analyzes and probit regression are the main estimation strategy in this study. There is negative correlation between smoking behavior and general health status of respondents. This finding implies that smokers tend to report their general health status are not good. From the probit regression for IFLS data in 2000 and 2007, it is found there is inverse relationship between smoking behavior and educational level. This imply that individual with primary educational level tend to be smoker with higher probability than individual with higher educational level. Corresponding with income level and housing status, this study finds that smoking behavior in Indonesia related with individual with lower income level.
Political Connections and Earnings Quality: Evidence from India

This paper investigates the association between political connections and earnings quality in Indian companies. Recent corporate scandals (e.g., 2G mobile phone licences, coal block allocations, iron ore and granite mining licences) have underlined the political connectedness of Indian business entities. The increasing role of the private corporate sector in the economy in the wake of the economic liberalization has strengthened the traditional links between business organizations and the political system. The involvement of politicians in business and of business organizations in politics, the participation of senior civil servants in political and business-related activities and the dependence of political parties on donations from business organizations for funding elections have contributed to the importance of political connections in business. We find that connected firms have lower earnings quality than non-connected firms and are more likely to engage Big Four auditors.
The broad socioeconomic benefits of vaccination

Evaluating vaccination programs according to their broad socioeconomic benefits, beyond their health benefits, will help to address the twin problems of vaccine underutilization and weak incentives for vaccine innovation. Evaluating vaccination programs according to their broad socioeconomic benefits, beyond their health benefits, will help to address the twin problems of vaccine underutilization and weak incentives for vaccine innovation.
Body Mass Index among Women with Proved or Suspected Breast Cancer Attending National Center for Early Detection , Medical City Campus

High body mass index (BMI) has been associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. We aimed to study the association between breast cancer and BMI according to staging by Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) among Iraqi women (pre and post menopause) attending the Center for Early Detection, Baghdad. Patients and Methods:A cross sectional study in which BMI and BIRADS of all women ‘with breast mass proved to be malignant or highly suspicious by BIRADS’ attending the Breast Cancer Clinic during the period from first of September 2011 to end of May 2012were studied. Results:Among the 114 women included in the current study,49.6 % were less than 50 years old, 86.7% were married, 51.8% reached menopause,51.5%of the married had1-4children, 83.9 % of those with children breast fed their babies and the duration was > 2 years in 57.8%. Family history of breast cancer was positive in 59.7%. Only 18.4% were with normal weight, 81.6% were obese and overweight and higher percentages of BIRADS 5 and 6 were among overweight (75.6 %) and obese (94.2 %). Conclusion:Overweight and obesity was obvious among females presented with breast mass that proved to be malignant. Key wards: BMI, Breast cancer, BIRAD
Predictors of Perceived Multicultural Competence Among Neuropsychological Trainees

Predictors of Perceived Multicultural Competence Among Neuropsychological Trainees Hannah K. Greenbaum Multicultural competence is necessary to provide psychological services to an increasingly diverse population (Sue, 2001). It is established that multicultural competence is important for training in psychology (Bodin et al., 2014; Diaz-Santos & Hill, 2016). Despite increased interest in recent years, multicultural competence in neuropsychology has not progressed in parallel with the focus of multiculturalism in psychology broadly (Rivera Mindt, Byrd, Saez, & Manly, 2010). Little is known about multicultural assessment, and it is not yet known what factors in training contribute to perceived multicultural competence in neuropsychological trainees (ElbulokCharape, Rabin, Spadaccini, & Barr, 2014). The primary purpose of this quantitative descriptive study was to examine several variables, alone or in various combination (age, training level, racial identity development phases, and multicultural training) that may contribute to perceived multicultural competence. Following completion of a self-report survey, data were analyzed from 97 neuropsychology trainees in doctoral, internship, or postdoctoral programs. Results of correlation analyses indicated that age, training level, racial identity developmental phases, and multicultural training were statistically significantly related to multicultural competence. Results of the primary analysis (hierarchical multiple regression) indicated that, after controlling for social desirability, age, training level, and racial identity development phases, multicultural training was a statistically significant predictor of perceived Total Multicultural Competence and Multicultural Knowledge. Findings indicated that models comprised of social desirability, age, training level, racial identity development phases, and multicultural training had a statistically significant effect on Total Multicultural Competence, Multicultural Knowledge, and Multicultural Awareness. Implications for training and future research are offered.
The deterioration of muscle mass and radiodensity is prognostic of poor survival in stage I–III colorectal cancer: a population‐based cohort study (C‐SCANS)

Muscle abnormalities such as low muscle mass and low muscle radiodensity are well known risk factors for unfavourable cancer prognosis. However, little is known in regard to the degree and impact of longitudinal changes in muscle mass and radiodensity within the context of cancer. Here, we explore the relationship between muscle wasting and mortality in a large population‐based study of patients with non‐metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).
Comparing Dead Reckoning Algorithms for Distributed Car Simulations

Dead reckoning is an important technique used in distributed virtual environments (DVEs) to mitigate the bandwidth consumption of frequent state updates and the negative effects of network latency. This paper proposes a novel dead reckoning approach for common DVE applications such as multiplayer online games. Unlike traditional dead reckoning approaches that estimate the movements of remote entities with pure kinematic models, the new approach performs extrapolations with the considerations of environmental factors and human behaviours. We have performed experiments, based on a distributed car simulator, to compare the the new approach with representative existing dead reckoning approaches. The results show that the new approach gives more accurate predictions with an acceptable overhead.
Maintenance of sperm production in bucks during a third year of short photoperiodic cycles.

We have previously shown that reproductive seasonality of bucks was prevented for 2 consecutive years by short photoperiodic cycles. To determine the effect of the length of treatment time on bucks subjected to the same photoperiod conditions, experiments were continued for a third consecutive year on 3 groups of 6 Alpine and Saanen bucks. The control group was kept under natural photoperiodic conditions, while the experimental groups were exposed alternately to 1 month of long days and 1 month of short days (group 2M) or to 2 months of long days and 2 months of short days (group, 4M). Prolactin profiles indicated that bucks from both experimental groups responded adequately to rapid photoperiod changes as their plasma prolactin levels were significantly higher in long days (mean +/- SEM; 2M: 61.1 +/- 15.9 ng/ml; 4M: 102.2 +/- 13.5 ng/ml) than in short days (2M: 35.3 +/- 8.2 ng/ml; 4M: 46.1 +/- 9.0 ng/ml). Testosterone secretion was also dependent on day length (P < 0.0001), since testosterone concentrations of experimental animals were higher during long days (2M: 7.0 +/- 0.7 ng/ml; 4M: 10.2 +/- 1.1 ng/ml) than during short days (2M: 4.3 +/- 0.4 ng/ml; 4M: 5.0 +/- 0.9 ng/ml). Furthermore, controls displayed a high level of sexual behavior (always higher than 10%) and the proportion of bucks unable to ejaculate was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than the experimental animals (2M: 25.6%; 4M: 28.1%). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Betting on Blockchain Consensus with Fantomette

Blockchain-based consensus protocols present the opportunity to develop new protocols, due to their novel requirements of open participation and explicit incentivization of participants. To address the first requirement, it is necessary to consider the leader election inherent in consensus protocols, which can be difficult to scale to a large and untrusted set of participants. To address the second, it is important to consider ways to provide incentivization without relying on the resource-intensive proofs-of-work used in Bitcoin. In this paper, we propose a secure leader election protocol, Caucus; we next fit this protocol into a broader blockchain-based consensus protocol, Fantomette, that provides game-theoretic guarantees in addition to traditional blockchain security properties. Fantomette is the first proof-of-stake protocol to give formal game-theoretic proofs of security in the presence of non-rational players.
Public Spending Efficiency in the OECD

In many OECD countries changes in demography and health conditions are putting pressure on public finance. To prevent further expansion of government spending as a percentage of GDP, public spending efficiency will need to be raised. This paper uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess the efficiency of welfare spending in a sample of OECD countries around 2012, focussing on health care, secondary education and general public services. The DEA model has a two input-one output structure, with at least one of the variables representing a composite indicator controlling for country-specific factors (socio-economic environment and life-style factors, for example). We find wide dispersion in efficiency measures across OECD countries and provide possible quantified improvements for both output and input efficiency.
Plecoptera of the Ohio River: Community Composition and Species Phenologies of Nymphs Collected Near Cincinnati, Ohio

Community composition of the nymphal stoneflies of the Ohio River was determined by sampling with artificial substrates at 5-week intervals from January-December, 1979, near Cincinnati, Ohio. Seven species were collected from this large river. Isoperla bilineata, Perlesta placida, and especially Taeniopteryx burksi were abundant at certain times of the year. Determinations of nymphal maturity, using body length measurements and wing development, coupled with the presence/absence of the various species in the samples, indicated that P. placida has a very short growth and maturation period. Taeniopteryx burksi and P. placida exhibited extended diapause periods in their life cycles. A comparison of the present-day stonefly composition in an Ohio River that has been modified by the placement of high-level dams, with that of the plecopteran composition in the early 1930s (low-level dams in place), showed no marked changes in community composition. Since the low-level dam navigation system was completed in the late 1920s, either the stonefly fauna has remained comparatively unaffected by damming, or any marked faunal changes had already taken place by the early 1930s as a consequence of the placement of the low-level dams. OHIO J. SCI. 87 (1): 41-45, 1987
Spatial Attention, Motor Intention, and Bayesian Cue Predictability in the Human Brain

Predictions about upcoming events influence how we perceive and respond to our environment. There is increasing evidence that predictions may be generated based upon previous observations following Bayesian principles, but little is known about the underlying cortical mechanisms and their specificity for different cognitive subsystems. The present study aimed at identifying common and distinct neural signatures of predictive processing in the spatial attentional and motor intentional system. Twenty-three female and male healthy human volunteers performed two probabilistic cueing tasks with either spatial or motor cues while lying in the fMRI scanner. In these tasks, the percentage of cue validity changed unpredictably over time. Trialwise estimates of cue predictability were derived from a Bayesian observer model of behavioral responses. These estimates were included as parametric regressors for analyzing the BOLD time series. Parametric effects of cue predictability in valid and invalid trials were considered to reflect belief updating by precision-weighted prediction errors. The brain areas exhibiting predictability-dependent effects dissociated between the spatial attention and motor intention task, with the right temporoparietal cortex being involved during spatial attention and the left angular gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex during motor intention. Connectivity analyses revealed that all three areas showed predictability-dependent coupling with the right hippocampus. These results suggest that precision-weighted prediction errors of stimulus locations and motor responses are encoded in distinct brain regions, but that crosstalk with the hippocampus may be necessary to integrate new trialwise outcomes in both cognitive systems. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The brain is able to infer the environments' statistical structure and responds strongly to expectancy violations. In the spatial attentional domain, it has been shown that parts of the attentional networks are sensitive to the predictability of stimuli. It remains unknown, however, whether these effects are ubiquitous or if they are specific for different cognitive systems. The present study compared the influence of model-derived cue predictability on brain activity in the spatial attentional and motor intentional system. We identified areas with distinct predictability-dependent activation for spatial attention and motor intention, but also common connectivity changes of these regions with the hippocampus. These findings provide novel insights into the generality and specificity of predictive processing signatures in the human brain.
The Bocconi boys go to Brussels: Italian economic ideas, professional networks and European austerity

ABSTRACT This article shows how a specific set of Italian economic ideas, which were first formulated in the first half of the twentieth century and later espoused by a network of economists from Bocconi University, Milan, came to play an important role in shaping European policy responses to the Great Recession and establishing the doctrine of ‘expansionary austerity. ' It argues that two factors – the formalization of these ideas in the language of mainstream economics and the establishment of professional networks that operated across a host of linked ecologies – contributed to their influence. The result was a ‘boomerang effect’, or a transfer of economic ideas from the European periphery to centers of policy-making power and back again. This phenomenon is understudied in the existing political economy literature, which tends to assume that ideational traffic is one-way, with ideas originating in centers of power and travelling from there to the periphery.
ContextNet: Exploring Context and Detail for Semantic Segmentation in Real-time

Modern deep learning architectures produce highly accurate results on many challenging semantic segmentation datasets. State-of-the-art methods are, however, not directly transferable to real-time applications or embedded devices, since naive adaptation of such systems to reduce computational cost (speed, memory and energy) causes a significant drop in accuracy. We propose ContextNet, a new deep neural network architecture which builds on factorized convolution, network compression and pyramid representation to produce competitive semantic segmentation in real-time with low memory requirement. ContextNet combines a deep network branch at low resolution that captures global context information efficiently with a shallow branch that focuses on high-resolution segmentation details. We analyse our network in a thorough ablation study and present results on the Cityscapes dataset, achieving 66.1% accuracy at 18.3 frames per second at full (1024x2048) resolution (41.9 fps with pipelined computations for streamed data).
Comment on Titcomb et al.'s ‘Interacting effects of wildlife loss and climate on ticks and tick-borne disease'

Understanding the impact of anthropogenic disturbances such as defaunation and climate change on vector-borne disease risk is critically important. Titcomb et al. [1] experimentally tested the interactive effects of these perturbations on tick-borne disease risk within long-term, size-selective, large-herbivore exclosures, replicated across a precipitation gradient in East Africa. They found that the abundance of adult ticks increased with increasing degrees of wildlife exclusion (from exclusion of only mega-herbivores to exclusion of all herbivores greater than or equal to 5 kg) and that this effect was stronger in more arid sites. Tick-borne pathogen prevalence remained unchanged. Based on these results, the authors conclude that loss of large wildlife species and climate change increase tick-borne disease risk by increasing the densities of adult ticks. However, given that adult ticks of the collected species all depend on large wildlife as final host, this conclusion is both counterintuitive and in contrast to earlier studies that conclude that ticks disappear when their specific, final host species are lost [2–4]. Here, we offer an alternative interpretation of their data. We argue that the apparent increase in tick abundance in these exclosures may actually reflect prolonged questing activity of adult ticks that fail to find a host. Given the absence of a final host, reproduction and hence local recruitment of ticks should be minimal at best. When large wildlife are progressively excluded, the continued presence of ticks inside the exclosures will therefore increasingly depend on rodents and other small mammals that move across fences and import immature ticks from the surrounding area [5]. Once inside, these immature ticks moult into adults, which require larger wildlife as final hosts. When the latter are absent, the adult ticks will continue …
Motivational Issues for Teachers in Higher Education: A Critical Case of IUB

Purpose –The aim of this research is to explore various issues of motivation for the teachers in higher education institutions. Design / Methodology- This is an exploratory research where survey has been conducted in a well known public sector university; primary data has been collected through questionnaire and in depth face to face interviews. Findings- Findings have shown that although compensation and benefits are important factors in competitive market environment but some intangibles motivators like job design, work environment, feedback, recognition and empowerment or decision making participation are also the potential factors for motivating teachers in higher education. Contribution- This study can play a vital role in compelling the higher education authorities to ponder over the motivational issues of teachers in universities. The case studied in this research can prove to be an effectual case for other world wide universities where teachers are facing alike issues.
Natural emissions of chlorine‐containing gases: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory

Although there are many chlorine-containing trace gases in the atmosphere, only those with atmospheric lifetimes of 2 years or fewer appear to have significant natural sources. The most abundant of these gases are methyl chloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, perchloroethylene, and trichloroethylene. Methyl chloride represents about 540 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) Cl, while the others together amount to about 120 pptv Cl. For methyl chloride and chloroform, both oceanic and land-based natural emissions have been identified. For the other gases, there is evidence of oceanic emissions, but the roles of the soils and land are not known and have not been studied. The global annual emission rates from the oceans are estimated to be 460 Gg Cl/yr for CH3Cl, 320 Gg Cl/yr for CHCl3, 160 Gg Cl/yr for CH2Cl2, and about 20 Gg Cl/yr for each of C2HCl3, and C2Cl4. Land-based emissions are estimated to be 100 Gg Cl/yr for CH3Cl and 200 Gg Cl/yr for CHCl3. These results suggest that the oceans account for about 12% of the global annual emissions of methyl chloride, although until now oceans were thought to be the major source. For chloroform, natural emissions from the oceans and lands appear to be the major sources. For further research, the complete database compiled for this work is available from the archive, which includes a monthly emissions inventory on a 1° × 1° latitude-longitude grid for oceanic emissions of methyl chloride.
Comparative outcome of Thai pediatric osteosarcoma treated with two protocols: the role of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) in a single institute experience.

BACKGROUND High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is recognized as an efficient component of therapy against pediatric osteosarcoma in combination with other drugs such as cisplatin (CDP), carboplatin (CBDCA), doxorubicin (ADM), etoposide (VP-16) and ifosfamide (IFO). OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the HD-MTX/CDP/DOX/VP-16/IFO [MTX(+)] protocol comparable to CDP/ADM/CBDCA/IFO [MTX(-)] for treating childhood osteosarcoma at Ramathibodi Hospital (1999-2014). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of osteosarcoma patients aged less than 18 years treated with two chemotherapeutic regimens between 1999 and 2014. A total of 45 patients received the MTX(-) and 21 the MTX(+) protocol. RESULTS Overall limb-salvage and amputation rate were 12.9% and 77.7%, respectively. Kaplan- Meier analysis results for 3-year disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) regardless of treatment regimens were 43.4±6.0% and 53.2±6.1% respectively. The 3-year DFS and OS were improved significantly with the MTX(+) protocol compared to MTX(-) protocol (p=0.010 and p=0.009, log rank test) [69.8±10.5%, 79.8±9.1% for MTX(+) and 31.1±6.9%, 42.2±7.4% for MTX(-) protocol, respectively]. Patients with metastatic osteosarcoma treated with the MTX(+) protocol had statistically significant higher 3-year DFS and OS than those treated with the MTX(-) protocol (66.7±13.6% and 15.0±8.0% for 3-year DFS, p=0.010, 73.3±13.2% and 20±8.9% for 3-year OS, p=0.006, respectively). The independent risk factors for having inferior 3-year DFS and OS were poor histological response (tumor necrosis <90%) and treatment with the MTX(-) protocol. The multivariate analysis identified only the treatment with the MTX(-) protocol as an independent predictor of inferior OS with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.53 (95% confidence interval of 1.2-10.41, p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the tolerability, feasibility and efficacy of the HDMTX-based regimen improving the survival rate in pediatric osteosarcoma cases, in line with reports from developed countries.