Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ca2+-Dependent Activation of Rho and Rho Kinase in Membrane Depolarization–Induced and Receptor Stimulation–Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction

Abstract— Ca2+ sensitization of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction involves Rho-dependent and Rho-kinase–dependent suppression of myosin phosphatase activity. We previously demonstrated that excitatory agonists in fact induce activation of RhoA in VSM. In this study, we demonstrate a novel Ca2+-dependent mechanism for activating RhoA in rabbit aortic VSM. High KCl-induced membrane depolarization as well as noradrenalin stimulation induced similar extents of sustained contraction in rabbit VSM. Both stimuli also induced similar extents of time-dependent, sustained increases in the amount of an active GTP-bound form of RhoA. Consistent with this, the Rho kinase inhibitors HA1077 and Y27632 inhibited both contraction and the 20-kDa myosin light chain phosphorylation induced by KCl as well as noradrenalin, with similar dose-response relations. Either removal of extracellular Ca2+ or the addition of a dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonist totally abolished KCl-induced Rho stimulation and contraction. The calmodulin inhibitor W7 suppressed KCl-induced Rho activation and contraction. Ionomycin mimicked W7-sensitive Rho activation. The expression of dominant-negative N19RhoA suppressed Ca2+-induced Thr695 phosphorylation of the 110-kDa regulatory subunit of myosin phosphatase and phosphorylation of myosin light chain in VSM cells. Finally, either the combination of extracellular Ca2+ removal and depletion of the intracellular Ca2+ store or the addition of W7 greatly reduced noradrenalin-induced and the thromboxane A2 analogue–induced Rho stimulation and contraction. Taken together, these results indicate the existence of the thus-far unrecognized Ca2+-dependent Rho stimulation mechanism in VSM. Excitatory receptor agonists are suggested to use this pathway for simulating Rho.
Obstetric characteristics in different racial groups

Summary. A detailed analysis of 2632 consecutive pregnancies in white, black and Asian women, who were delivered during the period 1978 to 1980, found significant differences between the three ethnic groups. Asian primiparae had the longest first and second stages of labour, with the highest incidence of prolonged latent phase (14%) and primary dysfunctional labour (30%). Black primiparae and multiparae had the highest incidence of secondary arrest in the first stage of labour (10% and 4% respectively) and of primary dysfunctional labour, with the greatest recourse to emergency caesarean section (13% and 4% respectively). The mean birthweight for singletons born between 37 and 42 weeks was 3.37 kg for white babies, 3.25 kg for black babies and 3.14 kg for Asian babies. There was no racial difference in perinatal mortality or morbidity in this survey.
Performance Evaluation of feature selection methods for Mobile devices

Machine Learning deals with programming computers that learn from experience. The field of Machine learning is a popular research area in Computer Science. These techniques are helpful in different fields of Computer Science, Mobile Computing, Bioinformatics, Digital Forensic, Agriculture and Text Classification. Machine learning classification algorithms are used in Pattern Recognition, Text Categorization, Mobile message classification, Mobile Image tagging applications, Mobile music interaction, Mobile learning. An optimized Naive Bayes classifier is used for this work . In this work performance evaluation of three feature selection methods with optimized Naive Bayes is performed on mobile device. Correlation based method, Gain Ratio method and Information Gain method methods were used in this work. The three methods are evaluated for performance measures of Accuracy, Precision, True Positive Rate, F- Measure, Recall, Mathew‟s Correlation Coefficient and Receiver Operating Characteristics.
Pressure Induced Metastable Amorphization of BAs: Evidence for a Kinetically Frustrated Phase Transformation.

A transformation from the zinc blende (zb) to an amorphous crystal structure was observed at 125 GPa, just slightly above the calculated equilibrium transition pressure to the rock salt phase [Phys. Rev. B 36, 6058 (1987)]. This is the first evidence that pressure induced amorphization in [ital AB] compounds is a kinetically frustrated process. The amorphous state persisted on further loading to 165 GPa, and throughout downloading to 0 GPa. The Birch coefficients of the equation of state for the zb phase were determined to be [ital B][sub 0]=148[plus minus]6 GPa and [ital B][sub 0][sup [prime]]=3.9[plus minus]0.3, in good agreement with theoretical calculations.
Competing Top-Down Processes in Visual Selection: Evidence That Selection by Location Is Stronger Than Selection by Color

The purpose of this study was to examine whether color and position information are functionally equivalent when observers are asked to select simultaneously on both dimensions. Observers were asked to report a letter of a given color from a given region of a briefly flashed letter array, then to report any additional letters they could recall from the stimulus set. Of the additional letters, more location letters were reported than were same-color or neutral letters. The results suggested that position information has priority over color information in top-down-guided visual selection.
The time‐course of action and recovery of rocuronium 0.3 mg·kg−1 in infants and children during halothane anaesthesia measured with acceleromyography

This study compares the time‐course of action of neuromuscular paralysis after 0.3 mg·kg−1 of rocuronium during nitrous oxide–halothane anaesthesia in children of three different age groups. With appropriate approval and informed consent from the parents, 51 children, ASA I–II, scheduled for elective surgery requiring muscle relaxation, were studied. The children were assigned to three groups according to age: group 1, 0–6 months; group 2, 6–24 months; and group 3, > 24 months of age. Induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation were performed under halothane anaesthesia. Acceleromyography of the thumb was recorded after supramaximal transcutaneous ulnar nerve stimulation using train‐of‐four (TOF) stimulation. Rocuronium 0.3 mg·kg−1 was given as a rapid i.v. bolus prior to surgical incision. The onset time (time to max effect) and the maximal depth of the block, the time to recovery of the first twitch (T1) to 25% and 75% of its baseline, the recovery index (RI), and the time to recovery of the TOF ratio to 70% after the end of injection of rocuronium were all measured. The mean (SD) age of the children in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 3.1 (1.6), 12.6 (3.7), and 63 (46) months, respectively. The onset time of rocuronium was 47 (12), 83 (42) and 94 (12) s, respectively, in groups 1, 2, and 3 (P < 0.05 group 1 vs. 2 and 3). One hundred percent block was achieved in 18/19 patients in group 1, 12/14 in group 2 and 6/18 in group 3. The times to 25% and 75% recovery of T1 and the time for recovery of the TOF ratio to 70% were all significantly longer in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3. Group 1 and 2 showed no significant differences in recovery times. The RI was significantly prolonged in group 1 versus 3. The authors conclude that rocuronium 0.3 mg·kg−1 during halothane anaesthesia causes more neuromuscular depression and has a longer duration of action in infants than in children older than 2 years.
Congruence of Counselor Self-Disclosure and Perceived Effectiveness

Abstract Sixty-seven college students rated a counselor on expertness, trustworthiness, and attractiveness based on reading 1 of 2 randomly assigned session transcripts. The desire to choose the depicted counselor was also measured. In both transcripts, the counselor self-disclosed his or her use of prayer. A single-client statement varied across the 2 transcripts such that one contained a congruent counselor self-disclosure (counselor disclosure after client disclosure) and the other included an incongruent self-disclosure (counselor disclosure without client disclosure). A potential covariate, religiosity, was examined but did not draw significant variance. Participants in the congruent group reported a more favorable total perception, a higher attractiveness perception, and a greater desire to choose the counselor than did participants in the incongruent group. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
A floorplanning method with topological constraint manipulation

In this paper, we propose a heuristic floorplanning method. It is based on tentative insertion of constraints, that intentionally produces redundant constraints to make it possible to search in a wide range of solution space. The proposed method reduces the total area of blocks with the removal and insertion of constraints on the critical path in both horizontal and vertical constraint graphs. Experimental results showed that the quality of solutions of the proposed method is good and even for the large number of blocks, the proposed method keeps a high quality of solution. <<ETX>>
Oncologic reliability of nipple-sparing mastectomy for selected patients with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) is the current surgical alternative to conventional techniques, when mastectomy is required. This less invasive procedure safeguards the integrity of the nipple areola complex (NAC), whose removal is recognized as a factor that exacerbates the patient's feeling of mutilation, however ensuring oncological radicality for women with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS From January 2003 to January 2011, 77 patients underwent Nipple Sparing Mastectomy (NSM). Patients were carefully selected according to specific criteria. When requested, postoperative radiotherapy on the residual glandular tissue was performed within 6 months of surgery. Patients were on close clinical and instrumental follow-up every 4 months for 2 years and every 6 months for the remaining 3 years. RESULTS Of the 77 patients who underwent NSM, 10 suffering from bilateral cancer were subjected to bilateral procedure, for a total of 87 performed procedures. Furthermore, in the same group, 13 NSMs were carried out for preventive purposes. The average diameter of resected tumors was 13.5 mm, with a range of 2 to 25 mm. During the follow-up (range 23-115 months, mean 50.33 months) 2 locoregional recurrences in the NAC were observed, identified through instrumental check, and surgically treated by NAC removal after 33 and 37 months respectively. CONCLUSION According to the litterature data and confirmed by our experience, we consider NSM as an oncologically safe technique that, in the respect of inclusion criteria may be performed in any patient with indication to mastectomy. A careful selection of patients by a multidisciplinary team according to strict criteria is the key in determining feasibility as well as oncological safety and should lead the general acceptance and widespread use of such surgical technique.
Durable Alteration of the Colonic Microbiota by the Administration of Donor Fecal Flora

Goals To determine whether fecal bacteriotherapy results in a durable beneficial change in the colonic microbiota of patients with flora-related disorders. Background Earlier studies have implicated the colonic microbiota in a number of conditions. Administration of a fecal suspension from a healthy individual to an ill individual (fecal bacteriotherapy) can cure Clostridium difficile infection and potentially other diseases. Oral probiotics do not work in this condition, yet there has been no study to determine whether fecal bacteriotherapy results in prolonged implantation. Study Fecal samples were collected from 10 patients undergoing fecal bacteriotherapy. Patients completed an antibiotic schedule and bowel lavage before the infusion of healthy donor feces. Using a molecular approach, the bacterial populations in patient fecal samples were followed from pretreatment to 24 weeks post-initial infusion and compared with the initial infused donor fecal suspension. Results At intervals of 4, 8, and 24 weeks after the procedure, the bacterial populations in the patients' fecal samples consisted predominantly of bacteria derived from the healthy donor samples. Comparisons of similarity at 4, 8, and 24 week samples to the donor-infused sample were made and each recipient's baseline sample was statistically significant with Friedman test. Conclusions This study demonstrates a durable beneficial change in the patients' bacterial populations of the colon to represent those of the healthy donor's microbiota. Manipulation of the colonic microbiota to improve its protective and beneficial role represents a promising field of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of gastrointestinal conditions.
Gemcitabine upregulates ABCG2/BCRP and modulates the intracellular pharmacokinetic profiles of bioluminescence in pancreatic cancer cells

A lack of methods capable of exploring real-time intracellular drug deposition has since limited the investigation of gemcitabine-induced multidrug resistance in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, resistance induced by D-luciferin, a substrate of the breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2/BCRP), has recently attracted clinical attention, but further investigation has been limited. Herein, the intracellular pharmacokinetic behavior of D-luciferin was investigated in pancreatic cancer cell lines in real time by using bioluminescence imaging. To achieve this feat, BxPC3luc and Panc1luc pancreatic cancer cells overexpressing firefly luciferase were treated with gemcitabine in a dose and time gradient manner in vitro. The intracellular pharmacokinetic profiles of each group were then determined through the acquisition of bioluminescent signal intensity of D-luciferin in cells. Simultaneously, key pharmacokinetic parameters including area under the curve, elimination rate constant (K), and mean resident time were calculated according to the noncompartment model. ABCG2 protein levels following gemcitabine treatment were detected through western blot, and gemcitabine showed no significant effect on luciferase activity over dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a control (P>0.05). However, gemcitabine significantly increased K values while suppressing area under the curve and mean resident time compared with DMSO (P<0.05) and increased ABCG2 expression over DMSO-treated cells. In addition, gemcitabine increased the elimination rate of the ABCG2 substrate, D-luciferin, and decreased D-luciferin accumulation in BxPC3luc and Panc1luc cells in a dose–response manner. Advances made herein illustrate the versatility of the in-vitro bioluminescent model and its capability to observe the onset of chemoresistance in real time.
Gender Differences in Emotional Reactivity of Depressed and At-Risk Preschoolers: Implications for Gender Specific Manifestations of Preschool Depression

We investigated whether differences in positive and negative emotional reactivity could be found in depressed preschoolers and preschoolers at risk for later internalizing symptoms relative to nondepressed/low risk comparison groups. Observational measures of emotional reactivity, used to derive a score of the balance between anger and sadness, were obtained and analyzed in independent samples. One study utilized cross-sectional data from preschoolers (M age = 4.6 years) with a current depressive syndrome and two nondepressed comparison groups. The other study utilized longitudinal data that assessed emotional reactivity at preschool age (M age = 4.5 years) and later mental health symptoms during the transition to primary school, allowing a retrospective determination of risk. Depressed and at-risk boys displayed more anger than sadness in contrast to girls in the same groups and in contrast to no disorder/low-risk controls. This finding was detected in depressed and “at risk for internalizing” boys who were not comorbid for externalizing problems.
eview he impact of cognitive training and mental stimulation on cognitive nd everyday functioning of healthy older adults : A systematic review nd meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the impact of cognitive training and general mental stimulation on the cognitive and everyday functioning of older adults without known cognitive impairment. We examine transfer and maintenance of intervention effects, and the impact of training in group versus individual settings. Thirty-one randomised controlled trials were included, with 1806 participants in cognitive training groups and 386 in general mental stimulation groups. Meta-analysis results revealed that compared to active controls, cognitive training improved performance on measures of executive function (working memory, p = 0.04; processing speed, p < 0.0001) and composite measures of cognitive function (p = 0.001). Compared to no intervention, cognitive training improved performance on measures of memory (face-name recall, p = 0.02; immediate recall, p = 0.02; paired associates, p = 0.001) and subjective cognitive function (p = 0.01). The impact of cognitive training on everyday functioning ognitive functioning ealthy older adults is largely under investigated. More research is required to determine if general mental stimulation can benefit cognitive and everyday functioning. Transfer and maintenance of intervention effects are most commonly reported when training is adaptive, with at least ten intervention sessions and a long-term follow-up. Memory and subjective cognitive performance might be improved by training in group versus individual settings. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Using complex lexical types to model the polysemy of collective nouns within the Generative Lexicon

This paper proposes a formal treatment of collective nouns (e.g. police, orchestra, and forest) drawing on the rich lexical typing of the Generative Lexicon. Collectives can be alternatively interpreted as collections in the sense of Link (1983), or as individuals, depending on contextual factors. They are therefore polysemous. Their semantics includes a meronymic (part/whole) relation which may or may not be accessible, depending on which interpretation they receive. The polysemy of collectives will be modelled using dot objects nominal types (dot objects being the Cartesian product of simple lexical types within a hierarchical lexicon) and qualia roles, capturing the constraints observed on their meronymic structure and complex lexical typing.
Three‐dimensional high‐resolution dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR angiography of the pelvis and lower extremities with use of a phased array coil and subtraction: Diagnostic accuracy

In this study, our purpose was to compare the high‐resolution contrast‐material‐enhanced three‐dimensional subtraction MR angiography with conventional angiography for occlusive disease in the pelvic and lower extremity arteries. A three‐dimensional fast‐imaging with steady precession (FISP) sequence with a 256 × 512 matrix was obtained on 1.5T MR unit using a phased array coil. Twenty patients with arteriosclerotic obstructive disease underwent subtraction dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR angiography. In 15 patients, three regions (pelvis, upper knee, and lower knee) were sequentially obtained after repeated injection of gadolinium‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA). In the other five patients, one region was imaged (total of 50 examinations); a maximum‐intensity projection (MIP) algorithm was used for subtracted images. All patients also underwent conventional angiography. Angiographic images were divided into several anatomical segments. Three blinded radiologists independently graded a total of 50 anatomic segments with stenotic or obstructive diseases and 90 segments without disease. Subtracted images allowed resolution of small branch vessels in all examinations, although misregistration was seen in eight examinations of five patients. All arteries larger than 1 mm in diameter were visualized on subtracted images. For detection of significant stenosis (>50%), MR angiography had 96% sensitivity and 83% specificity. The correlation coefficient of degree of agreement between MR angiography and conventional angiography was . 92. Stenotic vessels tended to be overestimated. We conclude that high‐resolution dynamic contrast‐enhanced three‐dimensional MR angiography is capable of depicting small vessel anatomy of the pelvis and lower extremities. Sequential MR angiography of different regions was feasible by repeated injection of Gd‐DTPA and subtraction. This technique is highly sensitive in detecting lesions, but stenosis tended to be overestimated.
Rural Income Generating Activities in Developing Countries: Re-assessing the Evidence

This paper contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of developing country rural labour markets by re-evaluating the available evidence on the levels and composition of income sources adopted by rural households in order to understand the relationship between the various economic activities taking place in rural areas and their implications for economic growth and poverty reduction. This is achieved in two parts: First, the paper introduces the Rural Income Generating Activities (RIGA) database, a newly constructed FAO repository of household survey data, income measures and cross-country comparable indicators. Second, using the RIGA database, the paper undertakes a descriptive analysis of the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors of the rural economy, assessing the importance of rural non-farm activities within the complex income strategies adopted by rural households in developing countries and their relationship to poverty and inequality.
Bilayer Graphene Tunneling FET for Sub-0.2 V Digital CMOS Logic Applications

We propose a bilayer graphene (BLG) tunneling field-effect-transistor (TFET) suitable for digital CMOS logic circuits. The ultimate performance limit of this structure is evaluated by solving the quantum transport equations in nonequilibrium Green's function framework. A bandgap opening is induced in BLG using both vertical electric field and top-bottom asymmetric chemical doping. To overcome the limitations of nonabrupt p-i-n junctions using practical process methods, source/drain regions are created using work-function engineered metal-graphene contacts. We evaluate the performance of BLG-TFET by taking doping gradient due to contact induced doping into account. Our BLG-TFET exhibits a subthreshold slope as low as 35 mV/dec, and ION/IOFF as high as 2910 for a supply voltage of 0.2 V. The proposed BLG-TFET shows promise for ultralow-power applications, particularly in low to medium speed applications.