Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Market Valuation on UK M&As

This paper investigates a sample of 434 UK mergers and acquisitions (M&As) over the 19902009 period. It combined the Baker et al. (2012) methodology and that of Rhodes-Kroph et al. (2005) to explore new insights on market (mis)valuation. It provides empirical evidence on the relation between target misvaluation and some salient aspects of M&A activity including offer prices, method of payment offer success, and market reaction. The conclusion is that misvaluation plays an important role in UK M&A activity.
Life After Crisis For Labor And Capital in the Era of Neoliberal Globalization

The aim of this paper is to discuss the outcomes of neoliberal globalization from the perspective of labor in the developing countries, with a particular emphasis on the crises that followed the substantial liberalization in capital accounts in the 1990s. Although a lot has been said about the effects of capital account liberalization on the macroeconomic performance of the economies, less attention is paid to the different effects on labor vs. capital. This paper analyses the outcomes of neoliberal globalization for labor in nine developing countries, and focuses on the episodes of crisis as part of the general class struggle where the question on who will carry the burden of adjustment is a part of the struggle. The paper describes the corner stones of the regime of growth in the neoliberal era, by analyzing the trends in growth, investment, unemployment, and labor’s share in income, and discusses the effects of the shocks generated by crises on these variables. We empirically test whether the lower wage share has had any effect on unemployment, as the neoclassical theory claims, or whether unemployment is primarily driven by the goods market conditions a la Keynes. An empirical analysis about the cyclical behaviour of labor’s share is carried on to understand whether the crises episodes change the effect of demand on distribution. Since the source of growth can also be important on how the generated output is distributed, we also discuss the effects of investment performance on labor’s share. Then we proceed with an analysis of the specific consequences of economic policy choices on distribution, in terms of exchange rate and fiscal policies. Finally we discuss the core stones of an alternative policy framework.
The influence of company characteristics and accounting regulation on information disclosed by Spanish firms

Accounting information is subject to two different influences: market pressures and pressure from regulatory bodies. This paper provides an empirical analysis of the influence of both these forces on information disclosure by Spanish firms. To test hypotheses concerning the influence of regulation, annual reports of three different years for 49 companies have been analysed. Given that new Spanish accounting rules have been in force since 1990, annual accounts of a sample of quoted companies have been analysed for the period 1989-1991. In order to consider the influence of positive accounting theory, several characteristics relating to company attributes were selected and tested empirically for the sample of 49 companies. The information disclosed by the sample companies was measured through an information index, based on a list of 50 items of information, and it was regressed on the variables related to company characteristics. The influence of regulation was analysed through a panel data analysis including time effects. The results suggest that time as a surrogate for regulation explains the level of information disclosure, although it does not influence the amount of voluntary information disclosed. However, several firm characteristics were also found to influence the level of disclosure, namely size, auditing and stock exchange.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children: its high prevalence and more extensive imaging findings.

BACKGROUND Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a distinctive clinicoradiological entity observed in a variety of clinical settings, including pediatric patients. A greater prevalence of this syndrome has been suggested in kidney transplant recipients and patients with kidney disease. Although usually considered benign and reversible, characteristics of this syndrome in pediatric patients remain obscure. The objective of the present study involved disclosing details of imaging findings, as well as the clinical course and prevalence of the syndrome in this field. METHODS We investigated kidney transplant recipients and pediatric patients with kidney disease in our institution from 1990 to 2004. For these patients, clinical course, imaging findings, blood pressure, concurrent medical illnesses, and administrative condition of calcineurin inhibitors were analyzed. RESULTS Twenty cases of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome were investigated in patients ranging in age from 1.9 to 18.3 years. In most patients, radiological abnormalities extended to the gray matter (17 of 20 patients), frontal and temporal lobes, and even the cerebellum (16 patients). Of 177 kidney transplant recipients (cyclosporine, 127 patients; tacrolimus, 50 patients), 6 patients administered cyclosporine (4.7%) and 4 patients administered tacrolimus (8.0%) developed the syndrome after transplantation. CONCLUSION Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome should be suspected in pediatric kidney transplant recipients and patients with kidney disease if they have a sudden episode of neurological symptoms, even if imaging findings are not restricted to the subcortical white matter of the occipital region.
A comparative analysis of corporate reporting on ethical issues by UK and German chemical and pharmaceutical companies

This paper reports on a study of reporting on ethical issues in the corporate annual reports of the largest UK and German chemical and pharmaceutical companies between 1985 and 1995. The study is both comparative and longitudinal in nature, examining in detail how ethical reporting practices developed differently in two Western nations. Despite the similarity in industry affiliations of the companies in the two samples, the study found substantial differences in the nature and patterns of reporting both across time and between the two countries studied. In particular, German companies reported more information and that reporting ‘matured’ to its current level at an earlier date. The paper explores some of the factors which might be thought to have caused this diversity in reporting between the two countries including: industry initiatives; extent of regulations demanding ethical responsibility; and other social and political pressures.
Effects of hospital palliative care on health, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality across intensive and non-intensive-care units: A systematic review and metaanalysis

ABSTRACT Objective: Hospital palliative care has been shown to improve quality of life and optimize hospital utilization for seriously ill patients who need intensive care. The present review examined whether hospital palliative care in intensive care (ICU) and non-ICU settings will influence hospital length of stay and in-hospital mortality. Method: A systematic search of CINAHL/EBSCO, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MEDLINE/Ovid, PubMed, and the Web of Science through 12 October 2016 identified 16 studies that examined the effects of hospital palliative care and reported on hospital length of stay and in-hospital death. Random-effects pooled odds ratios and mean differences with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Heterogeneity was measured by the I 2 test. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was utilized to assess the overall quality of the evidence. Results: Of the reviewed 932 articles found in our search, we reviewed the full text of 76 eligible articles and excluded 60 of those, which resulted in a final total of 16 studies for analysis. Five studies were duplicated with regard to outcomes. A total of 18,330 and 9,452 patients were analyzed for hospital length of stay and in-hospital mortality from 11 and 10 studies, respectively. Hospital palliative care increased mean hospital length of stay by 0.19 days (pooled mean difference = 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI 95%] = –2.22–2.61 days; p = 0.87; I 2 = 95.88%) and reduced in-hospital mortality by 34% (pooled odds ratio = 0.66; CI 95% = 0.52–0.84; p < 0.01; I 2 = 48.82%). The overall quality of evidence for both hospital length of stay and in-hospital mortality was rated as very low and low, respectively. Significance of results: Hospital palliative care was associated with a 34% reduction of in-hospital mortality but had no correlation with hospital length of stay.
Measuring Fund Strategy and Performance in Changing Economic Conditions

The use of predetermined variables to represent public information and time-variation has produced new insights about asset pricing models but the literature on mutual fund performance has not exploited these insights. This paper advocates conditional performance evaluation in which the relevant expectations are conditioned on public information variables. The authors modify several classical performance measures to this end and find that the predetermined variables are both statistically and economically significant. Conditioning on public information controls for biases in traditional market timing models and makes the average performance of the mutual funds in the authors' sample look better. Copyright 1996 by American Finance Association.
Autism and autistic epileptiform regression with occipital spikes

The electroencephalographs abnormalities seen in Landau‐Kleffner syndrome (LKS) (language deterioration) are non‐specific, and consist of a variety of epileptiform discharge patterns including continuous slow spike‐wave discharges during sleep, focal sharp waves with spikes, and centrotemporal (rolandic) spikes. Similarly, the EEG abnormalities seen in autistic epileptiform regression (language and social/behavioral deterioration) are nonspecific and overlap with those seen in LKS. By contrast, distinct epilepsy syndromes in otherwise normal children occur in the EEG‐deflned benign focal epilepsies of childhood. Occipital spikes or spike‐wave present either in the older child with visual symptoms and headache or in the younger child with autonomic symptoms followed by brief or prolonged partial motor seizures. Seven young children (five from a consecutive series of 42) presenting clinically with autism or autistic regression and possible or definite seizures, whose EEGs revealed occipital spikes or spike‐wave characteristic of the benign epilepsies, are reported. Although occipital spikes are commonly seen in young children as an age‐dependent EEG‐defined benign focal epilepsy, their high frequency in this population with cognitive difficulties suggests a possible causal relation. The effects of the epileptiform discharge on cognitive functioning presumably reflect extension into temporal and parietal lobes, rather than occipital disturbances per se.
Monetary Policy in a Changing World: Rising Role of Expectations and the Anticipation Effect

The Federal Reserve (Fed) has maintained a general trend toward increased transparency and gradualism. This paper investigates the implications of these historical developments for the anticipation of monetary policy actions and adjustment of interest rates. In a theoretical framework, we establish the Fed's ability to manipulate overnight rates via an "anticipation" effect. The anticipation effect is defined as interest rate adjustments that take place prior to a policy announcement (or prior to when the complementary open market operations associated with that policy action take place) due to market's improved ability to predict future policy actions. Our empirical results document that most market rates adjust to anticipated policy actions prior to the actual announcement. Because the market responds to policy announcements instantly, the Trading Desk does not need to act immediately after the target change and can wait until the market incorporates the new information that comes with the policy announcement.
To be strategic in the new public sector, HR must remember its operational activities

This article examines the level of operational and strategic involvement by human resource departments, the influence of HR departments, and the level of strategic integration as predictors of human resource management per-formance. Surveys from 146 senior line managers and HR executives in com-mercialized and noncommercialized public-sector agencies in Australia were the basis of organizational- and individual-level analyses. Results indicate positive relationships between the degree to which operational HR activities are transferred to line managers, HR influence, strategic integration, and the performance of the HRM function. Interestingly, no relationship was found between the level of strategic involvement by HR departments and the per-ceived performance of the function. Analysis of the individual-level data sup-ports the multiple-constituency approach to HRM, with differences in the evaluation of HRM by respondents from different job functions. The study highlights challenges faced by HR practitioners needing to be operational, to be valued strategically. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous market growth beyond functional satiation: time-series analyses of US footwear consumption, 1955-2002

Market growth is driven by product innovation. Beyond functional satiation the marginal utility of product performance and variety decreases. We argue that social comparisons underlying innovation diffusion results in consumer motivations for upward assimilation toward the behavior of better performing others, even beyond functional requirements. We distinguish consumption growth patterns driven by functional vs. assimilating motivations. These patterns are tested by time-series analyses of U.S. Footwear consumption between 1955 and 2002. The acceleration of market growth since the 1970s is statistically explained by changes in price, cross-price elasticity, and the increasing demand for innovations, according to our theoretical account of consumption motivations beyond functional satiation.
Price and volatility spillovers between exchange rates and stock indexes for the pre- and post-euro period

In this paper we explore the nature of the mean, volatility and causality transmission mechanism between stock and foreign exchange markets for the United States and some major European markets for the periods pre- and post-euro. The asymmetric volatility transmission is described by an extended Multivariate Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroskedastic (EGARCH) model. The results support the asymmetric and long-range persistence volatility spillover effect and show strong evidence of causality in the mean and variance between foreign exchange rate and stock price for both pre- and post-euro periods. However, the stock price has a more significant effect on foreign exchange rate for the two subsamples. These results are robust to the cross-correlation function test suggested by Cheung and Ng. The implication is particularly important for international portfolio managers when devising hedging and diversification strategies for their portfolios.
Understanding resistance to cell phone banking adoption through the application of the technology acceptance model (TAM)

The resistance to the adoption of cell phone banking poses a challenge to managers in banks. Previous research on the adoption of cell phone banking did not examine how the barriers to the adoption of technology influence the behaviour of clients. This article observes how the barriers of technology adoption influence perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The population of the study reported in this article consisted of 288 respondents who were non-users of cell phone banking services. The results of the assessment of the structural model demonstrated that both the value barrier and the tradition barrier had a strong negative influence on perceived usefulness. The usage barrier and the information barrier also had a strong negative influence on both perceived ease of use and the value barrier. Perceived ease of use had a strong positive influence on perceived usefulness and intention to use, while perceived usefulness had a strong positive influence on behavioural intention. Recommendations on how to improve the adoption of mobile phone banking are provided. Key words: Technology acceptance model (TAM), cell phone banking, usage barrier, value barrier, tradition barrier, information barrier.
Correlation of mixed venous and central venous oxygen saturation and its relation to cardiac index

Background and Aim: The clinical applicability of substitution of central venous oxygen saturation for mixed venous oxygen saturations in monitoring global tissue hypoxia is still a matter of controversy. Hence aim of the study is comparison of paired samples of mixed venous and central venous oxygen saturation and comparison in relation to cardiac index in varying hemodynamic conditions. Materials and Methods: Prospective clinical observation: Postoperative cardiac surgical ITU: 60 adult patients, >18 years of age of either sex: A PAC was inserted through® IJV, triple lumen catheter was inserted through® IJV. Blood samples were taken from distal tip of PAC and central venous catheters. An arterial blood sample was drawn from either radial or femoral arterial line. Measurements: Continuous cardiac output monitoring. Analysis of blood samples for hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation. Mixed venous oxygen saturations and central venous oxygen saturations were compared. The study was carried over a period of 30h in the postoperative period and samples were taken at 6h intervals. Patients were classified into three groups as follows depending on the CI: Low ( 2 ), medium (2.5-4 L/m 2 ), high (> 4 L/m2) and correlated with Svo 2 and Scvo 2 . Results: 298 Comparative sets of samples were obtained. Svo 2 was consistently lower than Scvo 2 throughout the study period. The difference was statistically significant. By using Bland - Altman plot, the mean difference between Svo 2 and Scvo 2 (Svo 2 -Scvo 2 ) was - 2.9% ± 5.14 and confidence limits are + 7.17% and - 12.97%. The co-efficient r is > 0.7 throughout the study period for all paired samples. The correlation Svo 2 and Scvo 2 with cardiac index in all the three groups were >0.7. Conclusion: Scvo 2 and Svo 2 are closely related and are interchangeable. Even though individual values differ trends in Scvo2 may be substituted for trend in Svo 2
Developing Evaluation Matrix for Critical Success Factors in Technology Forecasting

The article aims to investigate the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of technology forecasting. It also attempts to build a consensus from the previous work to develop an evaluation matrix of the same with a view to segregate these factors based on multiple perspective approach. The literature survey reveals that exiguous studies exist pertaining to the CSFs of technology forecasting, that too with a limited focus. Hence, the opportunity and need to write a research article in this domain became rather obvious. The article seeks to understand and identify the success factors of technology forecasting activities and how these factors can be put into practice to help the forecasting process. Some 44 variables contributing towards the technology forecasting success were collected and 16 critical factors were derived out of them, using intuitive judgement based on majority criterion. The analysis revealed that accuracy in forecasting followed by an understanding of the technological change, are the most critical factors in the success of technology forecasting.
Lack of Toll IL-1R8 Exacerbates Th17 Cell Responses in Fungal Infection1

TLRs contribute to the inflammatory response in fungal infections. Although inflammation is an essential component of the protective response to fungi, its dysregulation may significantly worsen fungal diseases. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Toll IL-1R8 (TIR8)/single Ig IL-1-related receptor, a member of the IL-1R family acting as a negative regulator of TLR/IL-1R signaling, affects TLR responses in fungal infections. Genetically engineered Tir8−/− mice were assessed for inflammatory and adaptive Th cell responses to Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Inflammatory pathology and susceptibility to infection were higher in Tir8−/− mice and were causally linked to the activation of the Th17 pathway. IL-1R signaling was involved in Th17 cell activation by IL-6 and TGF-β in that limited inflammatory pathology and relative absence of Th17 cell activation were observed in IL-1RI−/− mice. These data demonstrate that TIR8 is required for host resistance to fungal infections and that it functions to negatively regulate IL-1-dependent activation of inflammatory Th17 responses. TIR8 may contribute toward fine-tuning the balance between protective immunity and immunopathology in infection.
Identity, Modernity and Language Shift in Kaqchikel Maya Adolescents

The documentation of the rapid loss of the world’s languages gained momentum with Krauss’ (1992) article that estimated that half of the world’s 6,000 spoken languages will vanish in this century. He pointed out that children are not speaking 20-50% of all languages because parents abandon the minority language and speak the language of local, social prestige with their children. Moreover, Hale et al. (1992) suggested that languages spoken by a million or more people will survive only if government policies support them. This rapid language loss is due to such factors as parents shifting to the prestige language, government policies, industrialization, urbanization and education. The research reported here is concerned with language loss, language shift, and the language attitudes of adolescents in the Kaqchikel 1 Maya community of Tecpan, Guatemala. This paper presents, first, an overview of Guatemala’s national linguistic context. This is followed by a summary of language shift studies of some Kaqchikel Maya communities. An examination of the research results is given, and the paper concludes with comments on these findings. 2. The national linguistic context of Guatemala Appel and Muysken (1987) have proposed a typology of bilingualism, and described five dominant language contact situations. One of these contact situations results from colonialism, and has created societies in which the high-prestige European languages 'coexist with the native languages of the conquered peoples' (1987:5). Guatemala’s bilingualism and multilingualism represent this language contact situation; the country’s linguistic context is the direct outcome of Spanish colonialism. The Mayan languages have coexisted and still coexist with Spanish as lowprestige languages. According to the Census of 1994 (X Census), Maya, Xinca and Garifuna speakers officially make up 42.8% of Guatemala's population, and Ladinos 2 comprise the rest.