Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Habitat area affects arthropod communities directly and indirectly through top predators

Both habitat area and predators are known to affect the diversity and composition of species that live in a locality. In addition, habitat area can influence the presence of predators, indirectly affecting the diversity of prey. Thus, habitat area may influence species diversity directly and indirectly through the presence of top predators. Here we examine the effects of habitat area and predators on the species richness and composition of a foliage living arthropod community in a fragmented complex of glades (small grassland patches within a forested matrix) in the Ozark Plateau, Missouri. We find that a top predator, the eastern collared lizard Crotaphytus collaris collaris, occurs primarily on larger glades. Glade area was positively correlated with arthropod diversity, but only after removing the effect of collared lizard presence. Moreover, collared lizards reduced overall arthropod richness, and shifted the dominance from predatory arthropods (e.g. spiders) and Orthopteran grasshoppers to Homopterans (planthoppers). This study shows the importance of accounting for variation in the presence of a top predator when studying the effect of landscape-level processes on species richness and composition.
SAGES GUIDELINES FOR THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF LAPAROSCOPIC BILIARY TRACT SURGERY

Clinical practice guidelines are intended to indicate the best available approach to medical conditions as established by systematic review of available data and expert opinion. Recommendations are not intended to be exclusive given the complexity of the health care environment. These guidelines are intended to be flexible and should be applied with consideration of the unique needs of individual patients and the evolving medical literature. These guidelines are applicable to all physicians who are appropriately credentialed and address the clinical situation in question, regardless of specialty.
Prognostic relevance of CCAs/Ph- in CML settled.

In this issue of Blood, Issa et al1 report that patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in remission after treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with clonal chromosomal aberrations (CCAs) in Philadelphia chromosome–negative (Ph−) metaphases had a significantly worse survival than similar patients without CCAs. This study is notable for the large number of patients with CCAs (n = 58) and the length of follow up (median, 7.6 years) (see figure).
Variation in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Identification and Features of Latent Classes in a College Population of Emerging Adults

Prior studies of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) suggest the existence of multiple NSSI typologies. Using data from 2,101 university students, this study employed latent class analysis to investigate NSSI typologies. Results show a good fitting 3-class solution with distinct quantitative and qualitative differences. Class 1 was composed largely of women using 1 form to engage in superficial tissue damage with moderate (< 11) lifetime incidents. Class 2 was composed predominately of men using 1 to 3 forms to engage in self-battery and light tissue damage, with low (2–10) lifetime incidents. Class 3 was composed largely of women using more than 3 self-injury forms and engaging in behaviors with the potential for a high degree of tissue damage with moderate to high numbers of lifetime incidents. All 3 classes were at elevated risk for adverse conditions when compared to no-NSSI respondents. We conclude that NSSI typologies exist and may warrant differential clinical assessment and treatment.
Understanding the Present by Examining the Past: Imprinting Effects On Supply Chain Outsourcing in a Transition Economy

Institutional transitions within emerging markets create significant challenges for effective supply chain management. This research investigates external pressures, internal strategic choices, and institutional imprinting influences on supply chain outsourcing and operational performance. Results of primary and secondary data from a sample of 769 firms in Russia demonstrate that industry competitor growth and decentralized outsourcing decision making encourage firms to outsource more supply chain activities. Interestingly, however, these influences are directly and indirectly thwarted within firms that have a strong imprint from the former Soviet centrally planned economy. Further, the positive impact on operational performance resulting from decentralized decision making and outsourcing becomes negative when firms have a strong Soviet imprint. This research underscores the significance of founding institutional imprints of emerging economies when considering supply chain decentralization and outsourcing decisions.
Founder CEOs and initial public offerings: The role of narratives, institutions and cultural context

FOUNDER CEOS AND INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS: THE ROLE OF NARRATIVES, INSTITUTIONS AND CULTURAL CONTEXT Christina Helen Tupper Old Dominion University, 2016 Chair: Dr. William Q. Judge This is a two essay dissertation which explores how founder and non-founder CEOs influence the IPO process and seeks to better understand their impact on IPO performance in a cross-national set of firms. Essay 1 addresses the question ‘how founder and non-founder CEOs’ narratives are portrayed differently in business media. ’ Using insights from the narrative paradigm and utilizing qualitative content analysis for 1,057 units of data, I find that founders and non-founders’ media narratives differ in three important ways based on the amount of personal information about founders, how founders talk about their business operations, and positive and negative name association. Essay 2 addresses the related question of ‘how does national context influence the relationship between founder CEO presence and IPO long-run performance across multiple nations? ’ Using insights from upper echelon theory and utilizing hierarchical linear modeling to analyze over 1,000 firms, I find that founder CEOs perform best in IPO firms in a national context where managerial discretion is low, uncertainty avoidance is high, and fewer firms have founders as CEO.
The Animosity Model of Foreign Product Purchase Revisited: Does It Work in Korea?

Recently, Klein, Ettenson and Morris showed that the country of origin and animosity toward a (previously or current) ‘enemy’ nation affect purchase behavior of foreign products independent of each other. To assess the generalizability of this model, an empirical test of this model was done in the context of Korea. The findings show (1) that animosity is negatively associated with willingness to buy while country of origin (i.e. favourable product quality judgements) is positively associated with willingness to buy and (2) that the animosity and country of origin relationships with purchase intention are independent of each other. Thus, it seems that the animosity model generally works in Korea. Managerial implications are also discussed briefly.
Influence estimation in sparse social networks

In this paper we are interested in the estimation of the social influence among n agents that interact in a sparse social network. In particular, we consider the classical Friedkin and Johnsen's model, where agents discuss m ≪ n independent topics, take into account the other opinions but are not completely open-minded, and persistently are influenced by their initial prejudices. By observing the initial and final opinions' profile, we propose a method based on the ℓ0/ℓ1 minimization to infer the topology of the social graph and the strength of the interconnections. Compared to the methods previously introduced in literature, our work does not assume partial knowledge on the social graph and does not consider an optimized placement of stubborn agents injecting inputs that change the terminal behavior of the opinion dynamics. Moreover, the proposed method is suitable for parallel implementation and the influence identification of each agent can be performed independently from the others. Under suitable assumptions on the distribution of the initial prejudices, we derive theoretical conditions that guarantee that the problem is well posed and sufficient requirements on the number of topics under discussion that ensure perfect recovery. Extensive simulations corroborate theoretical results and our findings.
Radiation from "extra" images acquired with abdominal and/or pelvic CT: effect of automatic tube current modulation.

PURPOSE To retrospectively determine the number and usefulness of images acquired beyond the intended anatomic area of interest with abdominal and/or pelvic computed tomography (CT) and to assess the effect of automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) on associated radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Superior and inferior levels at routine abdominal and/or pelvic CT were defined as the dome of the diaphragm and the inferior margin of the pubic symphysis, respectively. Records of 106 consecutive examinations (male-to-female ratio, 45:61; age range, 21-86 years) performed from June 1 to June 30, 2003, were reviewed to determine the number of "extra" images. Sixty-two abdominal and/or pelvic CT examinations performed concurrently with chest or thigh CT or for trauma were not included in the 106. Abdominal and/or pelvic CT was performed with either ATCM (n = 44) or manual selection of tube current (n = 62). CT parameters recorded for each extra image included tube current, peak kilovoltage, and gantry rotation time. Mean and median tube current-time products were calculated for extra images. Extra images were analyzed for pathologic findings. Statistical analysis was performed with the Student t test. RESULTS Extra images were acquired above the dome of the diaphragm in 103 (97%) of 106 examinations and below the pubic symphysis in 100 (94%) of 106. A total of 1,280 extra images were acquired in 106 examinations (mean, 12 images per examination). Nineteen additional findings were observed on extra images. With ATCM, mean tube current-time product was 74.5 and 120.6 mAs for extra images acquired above the diaphragm and below the pubic symphysis, respectively; with manual selection, mean tube current-time products were 167.5 and 168.3 mAs (P <.05). CONCLUSION Most extra images acquired at abdominal and/or pelvic CT contributed no additional information. With ATCM, the radiation dose was reduced by a mean of 56% (median, 72%) for extra images above the diaphragm and 29% (median, 36%) for images below the pubic symphysis, compared with dose levels with manual selection.
Vertical and Horizontal Agency Costs: Evidence from Public and Private Firms

We investigate agency costs due to inefficiencies that arise from vertical (i.e., ownership-versus-control) and horizontal (i.e., majority-versus-minority) agency problems. We analyze a comprehensive dataset on ownership, management, and performance that includes both "public" and "private" firms subject to largely equivalent accounting, audit, and tax obligations. Based on multiple accounting and executive compensation based measures, and our primary sample of over 42,000 public and private firms, we find that agency costs are higher in public firms relative to equivalent private firms. Among private firms, we show that agency costs are: (a) higher when firms are not managed by owners; (b) increase as firms move from simple to complicated ownership structures; (c) lower in firms with shared control of ownership; and (d) lower in firms where control is contestable. Tests that account for endogeneity also fully support all our conclusions.
Importance of Postprandial Glucose Levels as a Target for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes

Increasing evidence supports the importance of postprandial glucose (PPG) in glycemic control with regard to the development of complications in patients with diabetes. PPG plays a critical role in determining overall glycemic control, particularly in patients who are close to their glycemic goals. Data also indicate that postprandial hyperglycemia may have a greater effect on the development of cardiovascular complications compared with elevated fasting plasma glucose. Several antidiabetic agents that specifically target PPG are currently available, including glinides, glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and rapid-acting insulin analogs. A more intensive approach to managing PPG may improve the care of patients with diabetes and, ultimately, the outcome of these patients.
Sub-chronic impact of cannabinoids in street cannabis on cognition, psychotic-like symptoms and psychological well-being

Background Cannabis varies considerably in levels of its two major constituent cannabinoids – (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Recently, we found evidence that those who smoked cannabis containing detectable levels of CBD had fewer psychotic-like symptoms than those whose cannabis had no CBD. The present study aimed, first, to replicate those findings and, second, to determine whether protective effects of CBD may extend to other harms of cannabis, such as memory impairment and reduced psychological well-being. Method A total of 120 current cannabis smokers, 66 daily users and 54 recreational users were classified into groups according to whether analysis of their hair revealed the presence or absence of CBD and high versus low levels of THC. All were assessed on measures of psychosis-like symptoms, memory (prose recall; source memory) and depression/anxiety. Results Lower psychosis-like symptoms were found in those whose hair had CBD compared with those without. However, this was seen only in recreational users, who had higher levels of THC in their hair. Higher THC levels in hair were associated with increased depression and anxiety. Prose recall and source memory were poorer in daily users with high THC levels in hair while recognition memory was better in individuals with CBD present in hair. Conclusions CBD attenuates the psychotic-like effects of cannabis over time in recreational users. Higher THC negatively impacts on memory and psychological well-being. These findings raise concerns for the harms stemming from use of varieties such as ‘skunk’ (sensimillia), which lack any CBD but currently dominate the supply of cannabis in many countries.
Analytical representation of the relationship between generator design and system fault behavior

This paper presents the development and application of an analytical method for formalizing the dependence of the behavior of a large power system under fault conditions on the equivalent impedance presented by a single generator. After selecting an appropriate generator model, it is demonstrated that network-wide fault behavior can be expressed as a rational function of the equivalent impedance presented by a single generator under fault conditions. This representation simplifies the identification and depiction of constraints imposed by system configuration on the ability of a generator replacement or augmentation to affect fault behavior. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by considering the three-phase fault currents produced in a six-bus test system. In addition, the new analytical method is extended to obtain a numerical estimate of the maximum possible change in fault behavior that could result from a generator replacement or augmentation. Overall, the new approach aids in the evaluation of the suitability of generator modification or augmentation schemes.
CHILDREN'S INFORMAL COMPOSITE AND TRUNCATED PARTITIONING STRATEGIES

In this paper, we report two subsets of partitioning strategies utilised by a sample of twelve Grade 3 children when they were asked to solve sequences of partitioning problems. These strategies emerged when the children sought to make the process o.fpartitioning more efficient in terms of generating equal shares, reducing the number of steps involved in partitioning and reducing the load on working memory. Implications for instruction are drawn from the findings. In the study being reported in this paper, we investigated the partitioning strategies utilised by a purposively selected sample (Patton, 1990) of twelve Grade 3 children when they were asked to solve sequences of "realistic" partitive quotient fraction problems. Our purpose for conducting this study was to add to the literature on young children. 's partitioning strategies by not only setting out to identify new partitioning strategies but also to develop a taxonomy for classifying partitioning strategies in terms of their ability to facilitate the abstraction by young children of the partitive quotient fraction construct. In the partitive quotient fraction construct, the fraction XI refers to the quantity represented by one of the resulting shares when the quantity x i~ partitioned into y equal parts. For example, if two whole cakes are partitioned into three equal shares, then each share is two thirds of a cake. The major findings from this study are reported in Charles (1998), Charles, Nason, and Cooper (submitted), Charles, Nason, Cooper and McRobbie (submitted), and Charles, Cooper, Nason and McRobbie (in preparation). In this paper, we report on two subsets of partitioning strategies utilised by children in the study: composite and truncated strategies.
Taking the Good with the Bad–—Customer Type as a Segmentation Criterion and Differential Influencer of Sales Performance

The authors use the theory of organizing framework for sales research to demonstrate that customer organizational citizenship behavior (COCB) is a meaningful and useful customer segmentation criterion. First, they discern from open-ended responses what salespeople mean by “best,” “typical,” and “worst” customers. They then empirically demonstrate the differential influence of COCB by customer type on salespeople’s evaluations of their customers and on three aspects of sales performance—customer-involved sales performance, salesperson behavioral effectiveness, and salesperson outcome productivity. The three customer-type comparison reveals that the COCB of best and typical customers has a positive influence on all three aspects of sales performance while the COCB of worst customers has a negative influence on them. These findings have implications for customer evaluation, customer segmentation, salesperson evaluation, and sales training.
The benefits of extended liability

We characterize the optimal regulation of a firm that undertakes an environmentally risky activity. This firm (the agent)is protected by limited liability and bound by contract to a stakeholder (the principal). The level of safety care exerted by the agent is nonobservable. This level of care depends both on the degree of incompleteness of the regulatory contract and on the allocation of bargaining power between the principal and the agent. Increasing the wealth of the principal that can be seized upon an accident has no value when private transactions are regulated but might otherwise strictly improve welfare. An incomplete regulation supplemented by an ex post extended liability regime can sometime achieve the second best.
HotelTonight usage and hotel profitability

Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically evaluate the influence of a hotel’s listing on the last-minute hotel booking app, HotelTonight, and average daily rate (ADR) on the hotel’s net operating income (NOI). The study examines the mediating effect of hotel occupancy rate on the relationships between ADR and hotel app usage in terms of NOI. Design/methodology/approach The data for the study was graciously provided by Smith Travel Research, Inc. for 80 hotels located in the top Florida destinations listed on the HotelTonight app. Hierarchical multiple regression with a mediation effect was used in the study to test the mediating effect of occupancy between hotel app usage and ADR with NOI. Findings The research results show a positive association between a hotel’s HotelTonight listing and ADR in terms of its NOI. Occupancy is found to have a full mediation effect between a hotel’s usage of the mobile app and NOI. Originality/value Mobile apps that specialize in last-minute hotel bookings have proliferated in recent years by providing hotels a mobile platform to increase hotel occupancy. However, there is a dearth of studies examining the effect these apps have on a hotel’s bottom line profitability or NOI.
Interactions in nonnative and truncated forms of staphylococcal nuclease as indicated by mutational free energy changes

Several mixed disulfide variants of staphylococcal nuclease have been produced by disulfide bond formation between nuclease V23C and methane, ethane, 1‐propane, 1‐n‐butane, and 1‐n‐pentane thiols. Although CD spectroscopy shows that the native state is largely unperturbed, the stability toward urea‐induced unfolding is highly dependent on the nature of the group at this position, with the methyl disulfide protein being the most stable. The variant produced by modification with iodoacetic acid, however, gives a CD spectrum indicative of an unfolded polypeptide. Thiol‐disulfide exchange equilibrium constants between nuclease V23C and 2‐hydroxyethyl disulfide have been measured as a function of urea concentration. Because thiol‐disulfide exchange and unfolding are thermodynamically linked, the effects of a mutation (disulfide exchange) can be partitioned between various conformational states. In the case of unmodified V23C and the 2‐hydroxyethyl protein mixed disulfide, significant effects in the nonnative states of nuclease are observed.
Epidemiology of trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and co-morbid disorders in Chile

Background. In this study we examined the prevalence rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), types of trauma most often associated with PTSD, the co-morbidity of PTSD with other lifetime psychiatric disorders, which disorders preceded PTSD, and gender differences in PTSD and trauma exposure in a representative sample of Chileans. Method. The DSM-III-R PTSD and antisocial personality disorder modules from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and modules for a range of DSM-III-R diagnoses from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) were administered to a representative sample of 2390 persons aged 15 to over 64 years in three cities in Chile. Results. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 4·4% (2·5% for men and 6·2% for women). Among persons exposed to trauma, rape was most strongly associated with PTSD. Onset of PTSD significantly increased the risk of developing each of the 10 other tested disorders. Among those exposed to trauma, women were significantly more likely to develop PTSD, after controlling for assaultive violence. Conclusions. This study highlights the importance of investigating the prevalence of PTSD, patterns of co-morbidity of PTSD, and gender differences in PTSD in non-English-speaking countries.