Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Economic crisis and the new housing transitions of young people in Spain

This article explores the factors involved in young people's housing transitions in Spain which are typically characterised by late emancipation. The paper incorporates a comparative analysis of the housing transitions of young people in Spain with those of young people in other European countries and using longitudinal data it considers the particular impacts of the recent economic crisis. Most studies have linked late emancipation of Spanish youths to factors such as their employment status, difficulties accessing housing, the economic situation, social welfare policy, youth policy and a protective family culture. In particular, the main drivers of change highlighted in the literature are economic factors (education, employment status, housing, public policy and resources) and on the other hand, cultural factors such as attitudes towards home ownership and forming new households. However, there is very little research analysing the effects that the economic crisis has had on youth housing transitions in Spain. The objective of this paper is to provide insights on the effects the economic crisis is having on the housing market and on youth housing transitions in Spain. This is a complex issue; hence, the paper draws upon multiple data sources. The main conclusion is that the economic crisis has begun to change youth housing transitions in Spain.
Reliability of the clinical examination: how close is "close enough"?

It is has been said that close only counts in a game of horseshoes. The reason being, of course, that when playing horseshoes you get points for having the shoe closest to the stake even if it isn't touching. In reality, this saying is true for many psychomotor activities. For example, a baseball pitch only counts as a strike if it is within the strike zone, a thrown dart counts as a bull's-eye only if it hits somewhere within the red center, and a field goal in football is only worth 3 points if it passes between the uprights. In each of these tasks, there is a certain margin of error that is acceptable, and the margin of error for each has been operationally defined. Likewise, the clinical examination, which is comprised of the history and physical examination, consists of psychomotor tasks that are performed on a regular basis by all practicing clinicians. The ultimate goal, of course, is to accurately establish a diagnosis, direct the choice of intervention, and establish a prognosis. The practical qu.
Identification of the human Mnk2 gene (MKNK2) through protein interaction with estrogen receptor beta.

We have identified and characterized the human Mnk2 gene (HGMW-approved gene symbol MKNK2) through a yeast two-hybrid screen in which the Mnk2 protein interacted with the ligand-binding domain of estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta). Human Mnk2 is homologous to murine Mnk2 ( approximately 94% identical) and human Mnk1 (71% identical), both of which encode MAP kinase interacting kinases that are phosphorylated and activated by ERK1 and 2. This report presents a thorough genomic sequence analysis revealing that the human Mnk2 gene has two C-terminal splice variants, designated here as Mnk2a and Mnk2b. These two isoforms are identical over the first 385 amino acids of the coding sequence and differ only in the final exon which encodes an additional 80 residues for Mnk2a and 29 residues for Mnk2b. A more detailed biological analysis in yeast showed that the Mnk2 interaction was selective for ERbeta as opposed to ERalpha and that the interaction was specific to Mnk2b as opposed to Mnk2a or Mnk1. This pattern was reproduced in a mammalian two-hybrid system using a completely different set of fusion partners; and in both yeast and mammalian systems, the addition of estradiol decreased the interaction. While it remains unknown whether ERbeta is a substrate of Mnk2, the interaction of these two proteins is reminiscent of ERalpha and ribosomal S6 kinase (p90-RSK), another MAP kinase-regulated kinase homologous to Mnk2 that is known to phosphorylate ERalpha.
Do NiTi instruments show defects before separation? Defects caused by torsional fatigue in hand and rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments which lead to failure during clinical use.

AIMS Visual and microscopic evaluation of defects caused by torsional fatigue in hand and rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-six NiTi greater taper instruments which were routinely used for root canal treatment only in anterior teeth were selected for the study. The files taken include ProTaper for hand use, ProTaper Rotary files and Endowave rotary files. After every use, the files were observed visually and microscopically (Stereomicroscope at 10×) to evaluate the defects caused by torsional fatigue. Scoring was given according to a new classification formulated which gives an indication of the severity of the defect or damage. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data was statistically analyzed using KruskallWallis and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Number of files showing defects were more under stereomicroscope than visual examination. But, the difference in the evaluation methods was not statistically significant. The different types of defects observed were bent instrument, straightening/stretching of twist contour and partial reverse twisting. Endowave files showed maximum number of defects followed by ProTaper for hand use and least in ProTaper Rotary. CONCLUSION Visible defects due to torsional fatigue do occur in NiTi instruments after clinical use. Both visual and microscopic examinations were efficient in detecting defects caused due to torsional fatigue. This study emphasizes that all files should be observed for any visible defects before and after every instrumentation cycle to minimize the risk of instrument separation and failure of endodontic therapy.
Determinants of inter-tribal conflicts in Gadamoji division, Marsabit county, Kenya

Degree Programme: MASTER OF ARTS IN PROJECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT [1] Student Names: DIDA GALM Student Registration Number: L50/61100/2010 Share: Facebook [2] Twitter [3] Google Plus [4] Yahoo [5] LinkedIn [6] Digg [7] Delicious [8] Conflicts refers to presence of restrained communication or lack of peace or state of interaction between two or more parties of more parties of a given society or group of societies. A conflict usually involves people or it could also involve people and other animals. Conflicts can also be state of human interaction where there is disharmony. Conflicts has series of elements which include causes, actors and outcome which in most cases can be fatal and losses of different levels depending on the scale of it. The purpose of this study is to bring out the determinants of constant tribal conflict in Marsabit County.Five research objectives were formulated to guide the study. Research objective one sought to determine the extent to which the availability of small arms have influenced tribal conflict in Marsabit Research objective two sought to establish the social cultural practices which have also influenced the constant tribal conflict in the County. Research objective three sought to assess the extent to which political factors have led to the tribal conflict in Marsabit County. Research objective four aimed at determining the extent to which competition over pasture and water points have influenced the tribal conflict in the County while research objective five sought to determine the actors of tribal conflicts in the County.The study used the descriptive survey design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The target population for this study included the community elders, religious leaders, youth leaders, Government,officials,women leaders,politicians,school head teachers and the Non Governmental Organization heads in the area of study.The findings concluded that the availability of small arms greatly influenced the tribal conflict in the region. It was also concluded that social cultural practices like cattle rustling, revenges and initiation rites also fuelled the tribal conflicts in the area of the study. The political incitation was also pointed out by the respondents as a strong ingredient and catalyst to the tribal conflicts determinant in the region. As always expected in every human settlement, the competitions over the limited resources of pastureland and water points by the pastoralists was also indicated by the respondents as unquestionable factors behind the tribal conflicts under the study. Worth noting also, the respondents identified politicians, herdsmen, youths and business people as foremen and women who formed actors of the tribal conflicts.The recommendations included various actions to be taken by the Government, the community elders, the community professionals, the women representatives and all other stakeholders of development in provision of conducive environment for the inter tribal peace forums in order to reduce case of tribal conflicts in the greater Marsabit region.
Development of a Training Model for Small Animal Thoracocentesis and Chest Tube Thoracostomy

Training veterinary students to perform emergency procedures, such as thoracocentesis and chest tube thoracostomy, poses challenges in terms of providing adequate hands-on experience without compromising animal welfare. A small animal thoracocentesis and chest tube thoracostomy model has been developed, that allows repetitive practice in a safe, standardised environment. The model has been incorporated into a clinical skills laboratory, where students work through computerised case studies in small groups, performing thoracocentesis or chest tube thoracostomy where indicated during the case. Student feedback indicated a high degree of satisfaction with the model and the laboratory experience, high perceived value of the case studies in improving learning, and increased confidence to perform the procedures under supervision. This model can replace the use of live animals while students are practising these procedures, improving their technique, and learning the appropriate safeguards used to prevent injuries such as pulmonary trauma.
Suppression of in vitro murine T cell proliferation by human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells is dependent mainly on cyclooxygenase-2 expression

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of human origin have been frequently applied to experimental animal models to evaluate their immunomodulatory functions. MSCs are known to be activated by cytokines from T cells, predominantly by interferon-γ (IFN-γ), in conjunction with other cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukin-1β. Because IFN-γ is not cross-reactive between human and mouse species, the manner in which human MSCs administered in experimental animals are activated and stimulated to function has been questioned. In the present study, we established MSCs from human adipose tissue. They successfully suppressed the proliferation of not only human peripheral blood mononuclear cells but also mouse splenic T cells. When these human MSCs were stimulated with a culture supernatant of mouse T cells or recombinant murine TNF-α, they expressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), but not indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. The dominant role of COX-2 in suppressing mouse T cell proliferation was validated by the addition of COX-2 inhibitor in the co-culture, wherein the suppressed proliferation was almost completely recovered. In conclusion, human MSCs in a murine environment were activated, at least in part, by TNF-α and mainly used COX-2 as a tool for the suppression of in vitro T cell proliferation. These results should be considered when interpreting results for human MSCs in experimental animals.
Variation in the Interleukin-6 Gene Is Associated with Impaired Cognitive Development in Children Born Prematurely: A Preliminary Study

The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 may be neurocytopathogenic, and elevated levels are associated with impaired neurological outcome among children born prematurely. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. The rare C (rather than G) variant at position –572 in the IL-6 gene is associated with an increased IL-6 synthetic response. If IL-6 mediates cerebral injury, we would anticipate the –572 C allele to be associated with impaired childhood development. We have examined this hypothesis, studying 113 Caucasian children born at ≤32 wk gestation. Cognitive and motor functions were assessed using the Griffiths Developmental Scales at 2 y and British Ability Scales (2nd Ed.) and the ABC Movement Score at 51/2 y. Performance (median, interquartile range) in all three scales was worse in the 10 carriers of the C allele than for those with GG genotype: Griffiths Developmental Quotient: C allele, 92.4 (89.9–96.6) versus CG 100.9 (96.7–104.8), p = 0.002; General Cognitive Ability: C allele, 88.0 (80.3–102.8) versus GG 103.0 (92.0–112.0), p = 0.037; Movement ABC score: C allele 8.3 (6.6–20.3) versus GG 4.0 (1.0–9.5), p = 0.081. The presence of the rare (≥1) IL-6 -572 C-allele (CC+GC genotypes) is associated with impaired cognitive development among children born before 32 wk gestation. These data support a role for IL-6 in the genesis of neurologic impairment in such children.
Depression scores and associated factors in pregnant and non-pregnant women: A community-based study in Turkey

The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare the depression scores of pregnant and non-pregnant women, and to identify the factors associated with depression scores in the two groups. This community-based study was conducted in a primary health care center catchment area in Ankara (population: 17,838) in January 2003. At the beginning of the study, the trimesters of all pregnant women (n = 66) were determined and as a control group (n = 138), two non-pregnant women matched for age and parity characteristics living in the same area were selected for each pregnant woman. Each participant completed a questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). One-way ANOVA, univariate correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were used in statistical evaluation. Depression scores of pregnant and non-pregnant women, and women at different trimesters of pregnancy were similar. Using a cut-off score ≥ 18 on the BDI, 26.5% of non-pregnant women, 27.3% of pregnant women, 25.0% of pregnant women in their first and second trimester, and 30.0% of third trimester pregnant women were found to be depressive. According to multiple linear regression analysis, age, age at marriage, and the number of people living in the home were associated with depression in both groups. Depression scores were similar in pregnant women and non-pregnant controls. There were different associations between depression score and the study groups' characteristics.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and C/EBPα Synergistically Activate Key Metabolic Adipocyte Genes by Assisted Loading

ABSTRACT Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) are key activators of adipogenesis. They mutually induce the expression of each other and have been reported to cooperate in activation of a few adipocyte genes. Recently, genome-wide profiling revealed a high degree of overlap between PPARγ and C/EBPα binding in adipocytes, suggesting that cooperativeness could be mediated through common binding sites. To directly investigate the interplay between PPARγ and C/EBPα at shared binding sites, we established a fibroblastic model system in which PPARγ and C/EBPα can be independently expressed. Using RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that coexpression of PPARγ and C/EBPα leads to synergistic activation of many key metabolic adipocyte genes. This is associated with extensive C/EBPα-mediated reprogramming of PPARγ binding and vice versa in the vicinity of these genes, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with deep sequencing. Our results indicate that this is at least partly mediated by assisted loading involving chromatin remodeling directed by the leading factor. In conclusion, we report a novel mechanism by which the key adipogenic transcription factors, PPARγ and C/EBPα, cooperate in activation of the adipocyte gene program.
Why did I get chronic fatigue syndrome?

Objectives. To explore causal attributions among women with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Design. Qualitative study where data from individual semi-structured interviews were analysed according to Malterud's systematic text condensation. Setting. Bergen, Norway. Subjects. A purposeful sample of eight women aged 25–55, recruited among members of a self-help organization. Main outcome measures. Accounts of causal attribution for CFS among the informants, focusing on gender. Results. The participants agreed that their way of living could have increased the vulnerability of their resistance resources. Pressure they put upon themselves, workload burdens without subsequent relaxation, emotional conflicts, or preparing for assumed problem-solving were mentioned as gendered dimensions. They presented different explanations regarding potential triggers encountering their fragile immune systems, most often a virus infection. The participants thought women might have a weaker immune system than men, or that CFS was caused by a virus that women are more likely to catch. In their experience, their symptoms were activated when people put pressure on them, such that they might be nervous as to whether they could live up to the demands of their surroundings, and in the case of emotional strain related to family and work. Conclusion. More studies are needed exploring hypotheses concerning the complex interplay between molecular predispositions and more or less gendered lifestyle issues in CFS. Doctors need to challenge their strong beliefs regarding medically unexplained conditions, where facts still remain unresolved. Recognizing this, the doctor may provide realistic support and advice, and contribute to the establishment of common ground for understanding and managing the condition.
IMPLEMENTASI PSAK 109 PADA ORGANISASI PENGELOLA ZAKAT DAN INFAK/SEDEKAH DI KOTA SEMARANG

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sikap amil dan norma subyektif amil terhadap minat mengimplementasikan praktik akuntansi zakat dan Infak/sedekah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah organisasi pengelola zakat di Kota Semarang. Metode pemilihan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan metode quota sampling sehingga diperoleh 32 amil sebagai responden. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriftif dan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap amil tidak berpengaruh terhadap minat mengimplementasikan praktik akuntansi zakat dan infak/sedekah. Sedangkan norma subyektif amil berpengaruh terhadap minat mengimplementasikan praktik akuntansi zakat dan infak/sedekah. IAI harus lebih giat mensosialisaikan PSAK 109 akuntansi zakat dan infak/sedekah. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of attitude and subjective norm toward the practice of accounting zakah and infaq/alms. The population of this study is organization of management zakah and infaq/alms in Semarang. Sampling methode in this research with quota sampling there are 32 amil’s us respondent. The analyzing data using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The result of this study shows that attitude not influence amil zakat and infaq/alms interest in implements the practice of accounting zakah and infaq/alms. meanwhile the subjective norm toward influencing amil zakah and infaq/alms’s interest in implements the practice of accounting zakah and infaq/alms. IAI more active in socializing PSAK 109 accounting of zakah and infaq/alms.
Serum soluble vascular adhesion protein‐1 is a valuable prognostic marker in gastric cancer

Vascular adhesion protein‐1 (VAP‐1) regulates leukocyte tissue infiltration. Elevated serum soluble VAP‐1 (sVAP‐1) levels occur in certain diseases having an inflammatory component. We previously showed in colorectal cancer that sVAP‐1 expression is significantly higher relative to controls, and this decreased expression is associated with poor prognosis and lymph node and liver metastasis. However, sVAP‐1 expression has not been described for gastric cancer. This study determines the relationship between preoperative serum sVAP‐1 levels and clinicopathological features and prognosis in gastric cancer.
Germline INI1 mutation in a patient with a central nervous system atypical teratoid tumor and renal rhabdoid tumor

We describe a four‐month‐old child who presented with an atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the brain and subsequently developed a renal rhabdoid tumor. Distinct histologic features, immunophenotypic profiles, and deletions of chromosome 22 were supportive of two primary tumors. An identical mutation in exon 7 of the INI1 rhabdoid tumor suppressor gene was identified in both tumors, as well as in normal kidney tissue. We propose that this germline INI1 mutation predisposed the child to the development of both malignancies. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that rhabdoid tumors in all sites have a common genetic etiology. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 28:31–37, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of exercise intensity on body composition, weight loss, and dietary composition in women.

OBJECTIVE There is controversy over whether exercise and/or exercise intensity has an effect on total caloric intake or diet composition. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of exercise intensity without dietary manipulation on body composition and/or weight loss and to determine whether exercise intensity affected total caloric intake or diet composition in normal weight young women. METHODS Fifteen women aged 18 to 34 years with a maximal oxygen consumption average or below on the Palo Alto norms served as subjects. Subjects were randomly assigned to: 1) low heart rate intensity exercise group (LI, N = 7) which exercised 40 to 45 minutes approximately four times weekly at a mean heart rate of 132 beats per minute (bpm); 2) high heart rate intensity group (HI, N = 8) which exercised 40 to 45 minutes approximately four times weekly at a mean HR of 163 bpm. All subjects were given a maximal exercise test prior to and during weeks eight, 12 and 16. The first 4 weeks served as a control period, followed by approximately 11 weeks of exercise. Each subject recorded her dietary intake for 1 complete week, including a weekend, during weeks 2, 6, 10 and 14 of the study. RESULTS VO2 max increased (p < .05) in HI (29 +/- 6 ml/kg/minute to 38 +/- 7) but did not change in LI (36 +/- 5 to 38 +/- 7). Percent fat decreased in HI (p < .05) (27 +/- 7 to 22 +/- 4) but was unchanged in LI (22 +/- 6 to 21 +/- 6). The weekly intake of total kcal, carbohydrate, protein and fat did change significantly for either group. The weekly intake of saturated fat declined significantly (p < .05) in HI (21.2 +/- 5.8 g to 14.9 +/- 5.5 g); their weekly intake of cholesterol also decreased (p < .05) between months 2 to 3 (249 +/- 109 mg to 159 +/- 58 mg). No other differences in dietary intake between groups were found. CONCLUSION High heart rate intensity exercise training without dietary manipulation resulted in a decrease in body fat, but not weight change, as well as a decrease in the intake of saturated fat and cholesterol in normal weight young women. These changes were not observed after low heart rate intensity training.