Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thinking About Industrial Revolutions in Systems Theory - Moving Towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution

A sense of stagnation has been spreading over globally, causing political frictions, discrimination, poverty, gender issues, economic disparity, and so on. It is important for the government, politicians, policymakers, and researchers to show positive visions for our society. There are, however, some signs of the future, such as the advent of the fourth industrial revolution. This study addresses how our society co-evolves with the fourth industrial revolution by analyzing the transformation and adaptation mechanisms of the past industrial revolutions. The applied method is social systems theory, which consists of world system and innovation system. Results show that the self-organizing systems of past industrial revolutions were generated by a strong desire, ideologies, and a national interest in overtaking hegemony. Nowadays, however, no single country has sufficient power to direct global leadership. Thus, in the era of the fourth industrial revolution, the world system tends to be multipolar in its approach to dealing with globalization and collective security. Regional powers will likely lead the fourth industrial revolution under each system. Conversely, this study suggests that good financial and educational investments promote qualified innovation ecosystems. Open science and education for technology will accelerate information technologies because they will cultivate capacity development among people who were unable to receive enough education. They are undeveloped for human capital. These will generate dynamic forces to stimulate self-organizing functions within the social system.
Pyruvate-dependent diauxic growth of Rhodospirillum rubrum in light

When Rhodospirillum rubrum mutant C was first exposed to radiant energy after long-term anaerobic dark growth, the cells often exhibited a diauxic growth response. This happened with pyruvate in the medium and when cultures were exposed to a less-than-growth-saturating white light intensity of about 6,460 lx. Under the growth-saturating light condition, mutant C photometabolized and growth was not affected by Na hypophosphite, an inhibitor of pyruvate fermentation. In lower intensity light, in which diauxie occurred, initial (phase I) growth occurred by fermentation of Na pyruvate and was sensitive to Na hypophosphite inhibition. Once pyruvate was depleted, phase I growth stopped, the bacteriochlorophyll content of the cells began to increase from about 3 nmol/mg of protein, and growth finally resumed phototrophically (phase II). The lag period and phase II growth were influenced by radiant energy. By changing the white light intensity from 2,150 to 753 lx between experiments, the duration of both the lag period and the generation time of cells in phase II growth increased. Diauxic growth was pyruvate dependent. It occurred with pyruvate even if malate, a photometabolizable substrate, was added to the growth medium. Moreover, the biphasic growth response was reversible. It was observed not only with R. rubrum mutant C grown cells photosynthetically, but also when other strains of R. rubrum were placed in pyruvate medium under lowered light conditions. Only R. rubrum S1 did not exhibit the typical pyruvate-dependent diauxic growth response.
Snow cover monitoring in alpine regions with COSMO-SkyMed images by using a multitemporal approach and depolarization ratio

The multi-temporal technique for the detection of wet snow, based on the different response of snow and no-snow area was applied to COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) images acquired over South Tyrol (Northern Italy) during the first year of activity in the project “SNOX — snow cover and glacier monitoring in alpine areas with COSMO-SkyMed X-band data” funded by the Italian Space Agency. A standard threshold value of −3 dB and a less restrictive threshold of −2.3 dB are compared for an improved distinction of the snow and no-snow distributions. The application of these two different thresholds determines a variation of snow cover area (SCA) between 2% and 8%. Furthermore, it has been proved that the choice of the reference image for the no-snow areas is critical and can determine a variability in the resulting SCA up to 10%. The depolarization factor, σ0VH/σ0VV, is also exploited to evaluate its contribution to the identification of snow covered areas. Preliminary results indicate that the contribution of the depolarization factor to the SCA detection is very limited.
Flipped Classroom from Computer Science Instructors' Perspectives: A proposed Model

Technology embedded in higher education institutes needs to be accepted by both learners and instructors to obtain high educational quality and to achieve a successful experience for users. A literature review of the current studies applying a flipped classroom model shows that students were the focus of most of the researchers' interest in investigating the impact of employing the flipped classroom model in computer science education. Therefore, the lack of studies concerning with instructors' acceptance motivates this study to explore instructors' intentions to adopt a flipped classroom model. This paper proposes a model to be used by computer science instructors to evaluate their acceptance of flipped classroom education instead of the traditional classroom. The model will be validated using a research instrument included in the appendix. A literature review shows a lack in studies applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model in understanding the acceptance of flipped classroom, in particular from computer science perspectives. Thus, this paper proposes to extend the UTAUT in order to explore factors that influence computer science instructors' intention to adopt flipped classroom in their courses.
Reliability analysis for the design of a multi-layer flexible board

The methodology for reliability analysis on the flexible electronics needs to be studied, both in the aspects of simulation and experimental tests. There appears to be very little work in the open literature on the reliability analysis of flexible electronics. In this article, we discuss FEM simulation in mechanical reliability analysis for the design of polyimide based multi-layer flexible printed wire boards. The reliability of the solder joints used to mount packages onto the flexible board under thermal cycling and drop test has been examined. An approximate simulation based approach has been developed to predict the equivalent material property of the multi-layer flexible board. The histogram feature in Adobe Photoshop has been introduced to evaluate the Cu percentage in a signal layer according to the drawing of the signal layer. Simplified FEA model has been built and a number of basic deformation modes have been simulated to retrieve the equivalent material property of a multi-layer flexible board. This approach has been verified by experimental measurement. In addition, it has been pointed out that for a multi-layer flexible board, it is not appropriate to just use the values of volume percentage of the components in a board as the weighting factors to evaluate the equivalent material property parameters of the board. The thermomechanical analysis has been conducted based on the industrial standard formula for solder fatigue life prediction relevant to the conventional PWB and package assembly. The simulation results are compared with experimental test data. The failure mechanism predicted by simulation is consistent with that observed in experimental tests. However, the simulation results of the solder fatigue life are about 1.8 times the test data. Further study is needed on extending or adjusting the conventional formula for solder fatigue life prediction so that it could be used in the case of multi-layer flexible board. The submodeling technique has been used in LS-DYNA to conduct strain and stress analysis on the critical solder during the board level drop test. Simulation results show that the solder shall fail first at the interface to the PWB side during the drop test. The effect of the change of the board thickness on the reliability of the solder joints has been investigated. It has been shown that the thinner the board, the smaller the peak values of the Von Mise stress and peeling strain at both the package and PWB sides of the solder joint interfaces. In addition, the correlation of the peeling strain on the critical solder with the bending strain on PWB near the critical solder has been examined. It has been shown that for a specific PWB platform, the more the bending strain on the board, and the more the peeling strain on the solder during drop test. Based on this study, the solder and/or PWB reliability could be efficiently evaluated by the combination of simulation and experimental measurements. The methods discussed in this article shall be useful in conducting reliability analysis of a general multilayer flexible board.
Perspectives of the public on reducing population salt intake in Ireland

Abstract Objective As countries struggle to meet the set targets for population salt intake, there have been calls for more regulated approaches to reducing dietary salt intake. However, little is known about how the public perceives various salt reduction policies; an important line of investigation given that the implementation and success of these policies often depend on public sentiment. We investigated the attitudes and beliefs of consumers towards salt reduction and their support for thirteen different government-led salt reduction policies. Design A cross-sectional online survey measured participants’ knowledge, beliefs and attitudes in relation to salt reduction. Setting The survey was carried out with participants from the Republic of Ireland. Subjects Five hundred and one participants recruited via a market research agency completed the survey. Results We found that the vast majority of participants supported eleven of the government-led salt reduction policies, which included measures such as education, labelling and salt restriction in foods (both voluntary and regulated, across a range of settings). The two proposed fiscal policies (subsidising low-salt foods and taxing high-salt foods) received less support in comparison, with the majority of participants opposed to a tax on high-salt foods. A series of multiple regressions revealed that individual attitudes and beliefs related to health and salt were stronger predictors of support than sociodemographic factors, lifestyle or knowledge. Conclusions The study provides an important evidence base from which policy makers may draw when making decisions on future policy steps to help achieve national salt targets.
Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities: Systematic Literature Network Analysis

The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) has recently gained increasing attention in the smart cities context. Given the relevance of this topic, the aim of this paper is to conduct a literature review to investigate the role of AI in the different sectors of smart cities. The methodology used in this study combines the systematic literature review in order to identify the most relevant studies, and the citation network analysis to unfold the dynamics of the field under study. The results of this research show not only the importance of this technology that plays a key role in several applications within a smart city but also the challenges that it brings to cities and to citizens.
A Randomized Controlled Intervention With Fish Oil Versus Sunflower Oil From 9 to 18 Months of Age: Exploring Changes in Growth and Skinfold Thicknesses

n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA), from fish oil (FO), in rodents have been shown to reduce adipogenesis. Evidence of an effect on adipose tissue mass in humans is limited, and no studies have specifically aimed to elucidate this in infancy. To explore whether n-3 LCPUFA intake affects adipose tissue growth, we randomly allocated 154 healthy infants to daily supplementation with FO or sunflower oil (SO) from 9 to 18 mo of age and measured z-score changes in various anthropometric assessments of body size and skinfold thicknesses and plasma adipokine concentrations. Among the 133 completing infants, erythrocyte n-3 PUFA increased more in those receiving FO than in infants receiving SO [12.2 ± 0.7 (mean ± SE) versus 2.0 ± 0.4 fatty acid percentage (FA%), p < 0.001] with a concomitant larger decrease in n-6 PUFA (−8.9 ± 0.7 versus −0.9 ± 0.6 FA%, p < 0.001). We found no association between FO consumption relative to SO consumption and any of the anthropometric measures related to the size of the fat mass, but infants in the FO group had a lower skinfold ratio (triceps/subscapular) at 18 mo than those in SO group (p = 0.02). Our findings do not support the hypothesis that dietary n-3 LCPUFA is important for infant fat mass, but future studies testing this specifically are warranted.
Simultaneous loss of E‐cadherin and catenins in invasive lobular breast cancer and lobular carcinoma in situ

Loss of expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule E‐cadherin frequently occurs in invasive lobular breast carcinomas as a result of mutational inactivation. Expression patterns of E‐cadherin and the molecules comprising the cytoplasmic complex of adherens junctions, α‐, β‐ and γ‐catenin, were studied in a series of 38 lobular breast carcinomas with known E‐cadherin mutation status. The effect of loss of E‐cadherin by mutational inactivation (or other mechanisms) on the expression of catenins was investigated. Complete loss of plasma membrane‐associated E‐cadherin expression was observed in 32 out of 38 invasive lobular carcinomas, for which in 21 cases a mutation was found in the extracellular domain of E‐cadherin. In total, 15 frameshift mutations of small deletions or insertions, ranging from 1 to 41 bp, three non‐sense mutations, and three splice mutations were identified. Mutations were scattered over the whole coding region and no hot spots could be detected. In all cases, simultaneous loss of E‐cadherin and α‐ and β‐catenin expression was found; in 50 per cent of these cases, additional loss of γ‐catenin was observed. In six invasive lobular carcinomas, expression of both E‐cadherin and catenins was retained. In none of these carcinomas was an E‐cadherin mutation detected. Lobular carcinoma in situ adjacent to invasive lobular carcinoma showed simultaneous loss of E‐cadherin and catenins in all the cases studied—remarkably, also, in four cases positive for E‐cadherin and catenin expression in the invasive component. These results indicate that simultaneous loss of E‐cadherin and α‐, β‐ and γ‐catenin may be an important step in the formation of lobular carcinoma in situ, as a precursor of invasive lobular breast cancer. Events additional to E‐cadherin inactivation must be involved in the transition of lobular carcinoma in situ to invasive lobular carcinoma. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amplitudes and Energy Fluxes of Simulated Decayless Kink Oscillations

Recent observations with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument on the SDO spacecraft have revealed the existence of decayless coronal kink oscillations. These transverse oscillations are not connected to any external phenomena like flares or coronal mass ejections, and show significantly lower amplitudes than the externally excited decaying oscillations. Numerical studies have managed to reproduce such decayless oscillations in the form of footpoint driven standing waves in coronal loops, and to treat them as a possible mechanism for wave heating of the solar corona. Our aim is to investigate the correlation between the observed amplitudes of the oscillations and input the energy flux from different drivers. We perform 3D MHD simulations in single, straight, density-enhanced coronal flux tubes for different drivers, in the presence of gravity. Synthetic images at different spectral lines are constructed with the use of the FoMo code. The development of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability leads to mixing of plasma between the flux tube and the hot corona. Once the KHI is fully developed, the amplitudes of the decayless oscillations show only a weak correlation with the driver strength. We find that low amplitude decayless kink oscillations may correspond to significant energy fluxes of the order of the radiative losses for the Quiet Sun. A clear correlation between the input energy flux and the observed amplitudes from our synthetic imaging data cannot be established. Stronger drivers lead to higher vales of the line width estimated energy fluxes. Finally, estimations of the energy fluxes by spectroscopic data are affected by the LOS angle, favoring combined analysis of imaging and spectroscopic data for single oscillating loops.
Corticotectal Projections From the Premotor or Primary Motor Cortex After Cortical Lesion or Parkinsonian Symptoms in Adult Macaque Monkeys: A Pilot Tracing Study

The corticotectal projections, together with the corticobulbar (corticoreticular) projections, work in parallel with the corticospinal tract (CST) to influence motoneurons in the spinal cord both directly and indirectly via the brainstem descending pathways. The tectospinal tract (TST) originates in the deep layers of the superior colliculus. In the present study, we analyzed the corticotectal projections from two motor cortical areas, namely the premotor cortex (PM) and the primary motor cortex (M1) in eight macaque monkeys subjected to either a cortical lesion of the hand area in M1 (n = 4) or Parkinson’s disease-like symptoms PD (n = 4). A subgroup of monkeys with cortical lesion was subjected to anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment whereas all PD monkeys were transplanted with Autologous Neural Cell Ecosystems (ANCEs). The anterograde tracer BDA was used to label the axonal boutons both en passant and terminaux in the ipsilateral superior colliculus. Individual axonal boutons were charted in the different layers of the superior colliculus. In intact animals, we previously observed that corticotectal projections were denser when originating from PM than from M1. In the present M1 lesioned monkeys, as compared to intact ones the corticotectal projection originating from PM was decreased when treated with anti-Nogo-A antibody but not in untreated monkeys. In PD-like symptoms’ monkeys, on the other hand, there was no consistent change affecting the corticotectal projection as compared to intact monkeys. The present pilot study overall suggests that the corticotectal projection is less affected by M1 lesion or PD symptoms than the corticoreticular projection previously reported in the same animals.
Abnormal Mitochondria Organization and Oxidative Activity in the Palate Muscles of Long-Term Snorers with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Background: Histopathological alterations and a reduced number of capillaries have been observed in the palate muscles of snorers with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). These changes may create a substrate for decreased microcirculation, impaired aerobic metabolism and muscle dysfunction and contribute to upper airway obstruction during sleep. Objectives: The aim was to analyze mitochondria distribution and oxidative enzyme activity in relation to capillary supply in the palate muscles of patients with a history of long-term snoring and OSAS. Methods: Palatopharyngeus (PP) and uvula (UV) muscle samples were obtained from 8 patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty due to habitual snoring and OSAS. The muscles were analyzed with enzyme- and immunohistochemistry and morphometry. Results: Abnormalities in the internal organization of mitochondria and oxidative activity were observed in 39 ± 15% of the fibers in the PP and 4 ± 3% in the UV, but not in control samples. The majority of these fibers had a lobulated contour and trabecular internal organization of mitochondria. The number of capillaries around abnormal fibers (PP 0.9 ± 0.3, UV 0.4 ± 0.1) was lower than in fibers of a normal appearance in both patients (PP 1.4 ± 0.6, UV 1.2 ± 0.3) and references (PP 2.7 ± 0.7, UV 1.9 ± 0.9) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Abnormal mitochondrial distribution, a low capillary supply and signs of impaired oxidative activity suggest that muscle dysfunction of the palate muscles in long-term snorers may contribute to the upper airway obstruction during sleep. The cause of these abnormalities remains unclear, but local muscle and nerve trauma due to vibration and stretch is a possible etiology.
Linear Waves in Partially Ionized Plasmas in Ionization Non-equilibrium

We aim to investigate the properties of linear Alfv\'en and slow magnetoacoustic waves in a partially ionised plasma in ionisation non-equilibrium. The propagation characteristics of these waves are studied within the framework of a two-fluid plasma in terms of the collisional strength between heavy particles for different degrees of ionisation. In the ionisation non-equilibrium state the rates of ionisation and recombinations are not equal. For analytical progress we assume a background that is ionisation equilibrium, the non-equilibrium is driven by perturbations in the system, {\bf therefore, non-equilibrium effects are related to the perturbed state of the plasma}. Using simple analytical methods, we show that ionisation non-equilibrium can provide an additional coupling between ions and neutrals (implicitly a secondary damping mechanism in the collisionless limit) and this process is able to keep the neutrals in the system even in the collisionless limit. Due to the coupling between different species waves become dispersive. The present study improves our understanding of the complexity of dynamical processes partially ionised plasma in the lower solar atmosphere and solar prominences. Our results clearly show that the problem of partial ionisation and non-equilibrium ionisation introduce new aspects of plasma dynamics with consequences on the evolution waves and their dissipation.
Full Dimensional Potential Energy Function and Calculation of State-Specific Properties of the CO+N2 Inelastic Processes Within an Open Molecular Science Cloud Perspective

A full dimensional Potential Energy Surface (PES) of the CO + N2 system has been generated by extending an approach already reported in the literature and applied to N2-N2 (Cappelletti et al., 2008), CO2-CO2 (Bartolomei et al., 2012), and CO2-N2 (Lombardi et al., 2016b) systems. The generation procedure leverages at the same time experimental measurements and high-level ab initio electronic structure calculations. The procedure adopts an analytic formulation of the PES accounting for the dependence of the electrostatic and non-electrostatic components of the intermolecular interaction on the deformation of the monomers. In particular, the CO and N2 molecular multipole moments and electronic polarizabilities, the basic physical properties controlling the behavior at intermediate and long-range distances of the interaction components, were made to depend on relevant internal coordinates. The formulated PES exhibits substantial advantages when used for structural and dynamical calculations. This makes it also well suited for reuse in Open Molecular Science Cloud services.