Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Cardiovascular Response to Short-Radius Centrifugation With and Without Ergometer Exercise

Artificial gravity (AG) has often been proposed as an integrated multi-system countermeasure to physiological deconditioning associated with extended exposure to reduced gravity levels, particularly if combined with exercise. Twelve subjects underwent short-radius centrifugation along with bicycle ergometry to quantify the short-term cardiovascular response to AG and exercise across three AG levels (0 G or no rotation, 1 G, and 1.4 G; referenced to the subject’s feet and measured in the centripetal direction) and three exercise intensities (25, 50, and 100 W). Continuous cardiovascular measurements were collected during the centrifugation sessions using a non-invasive monitoring system. The cardiovascular responses were more prominent at higher levels of AG and exercise intensity. In particular, cardiac output, stroke volume, pulse pressure, and heart rate significantly increased with both AG level (in most of exercise group combinations, showing averaged increments across exercise conditions of 1.4 L/min/g, 7.6 mL/g, 5.22 mmHg/g, and 2.0 bpm/g, respectively), and workload intensity (averaged increments across AG conditions of 0.09 L/min/W, 0.17 mL/W, 0.22 mmHg/W, and 0.74 bpm/W respectively). These results suggest that the addition of AG to exercise can provide a greater cardiovascular benefit than exercise alone. Hierarchical regression models were fitted to the experimental data to determine dose-response curves of all cardiovascular variables as a function of AG-level and exercise intensity during short-radius centrifugation. These results can inform future studies, decisions, and trade-offs toward potential implementation of AG as a space countermeasure.
Habituation, Taming, Social Dominance Assertions, and “Freedom of the Woods”

Author(s): Geist, Valerius | Abstract: Habituation of wildlife, deliberate or accidental, can be a useful tool in research, a profitable tourist attraction, a serious nuisance, and even a mortal danger. It is the first stage of an animal gaining familiarity with humans and is always a state of unconsummated interest by the animal in us. The next stage following habituation, taming, is always initiated by a habituated animal, which thereby continues gaining information about us. In some carnivores this may be an attack to test for edibility. Even tame animals may continue to explore humans by addressing us in their species-specific sign language as if we were social companions of their own species. In my work with free-living but tame bighorn sheep, females began to treat me as a super-female, while males addressed me with dominance displays and attacked me. Since the sign language of different species of mammals may be unintelligible to us, it has led to “unpredictable” fatal attacks in zoological gardens and national parks. In reality, species that are testing us for dominance will signal the intention to attack redundantly and long before it happens. Inability to read the body language, coupled with ignorance of a species’ biology can have fatal consequences. Exemplary is a large and rather safe tourist industry that has developed around habituated and tame bears in North America, while some persons have lived with tamed black and grizzly bears for decades. Negative conditioning to habitat can lead to deliberate or inadvertent population crashes. The survival of large predators may depend on systematic conditioning to avoid humans. Cannibalism among predators involves larger stalking smaller, with predators made wary of being stalked. It is proposed that by targeting stimuli to which large carnivores cannot habituate, such as the sounds of stalking or the bold behavior of armed humans, they can be systematically conditioned to avoid humans. Inefficient and enduring hunting does that, generating a “Freedom of the Woods” – that is, safety for all outdoor users.
Ethnic and Age Disparities in Outcomes among Liver Transplant Waitlist Candidates

Background Despite the increasing prevalence of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) in older adults, there is no consensus to determine suitability for liver transplantation (LT) in the elderly. Disparities in LT access exist, with a disproportionately lower percentage of African Americans (AA) receiving LT. Understanding LT waitlist (WL) outcomes in older adults, specifically AA, will identify opportunities to improve LT access for this vulnerable population. Methods All adult, liver-only white and AA LT WL candidates (1/1/03-10/1/14) were identified in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Age and race categories were defined as younger (age <60) white, younger AA, older (age ≥60) white, and older AA. Outcomes were delisting, transplantation, and WL mortality (supplemented by the Social Security Death Master File and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services). To account for underlying age and race differences in LT and WL mortality, outcomes were modeled using Fine and Gray competing risks. Results Among 93,458 candidates, 58.1% underwent LT, 14.9% died on the WL, and 20.2% were delisted. Among those delisted, 8.0% were later relisted, and 35.6% died. Outcomes did not differ for younger AA compared with younger whites. However, both older whites (sHR 1.05,95%CI 1.01-1.08) and older AA (sHR 1.13,95%CI 1.03-1.25) were more likely than younger whites to be delisted and to die after delisting (sHR 1.34,95%CI 1.27-1.42 and sHR 1.42,95%CI 1.23-1.63 respectively)(Table). Older whites (sHR 1.16,95%CI 1.12-1.22) were also more likely to die while listed than younger whites. Older AA had no increased risk of WL mortality but were less likely to undergo LT (sHR 0.92, 95%CI 0.86-0.97). Table. No title available. Conclusion Independent of race, older LT candidates were more likely than younger whites to be delisted and to die after delisting. Older whites had higher WL mortality, while older AA were less likely to undergo LT. Our findings support the need for interventions to ensure medical suitability for LT among older adults and to address disparities in LT access for older AA. National Institutes of Health- National Research Service Award, through Grant Award Number T32 DK007545.
Monument Recognition Using Deep Neural Networks

In this paper, we have classified the famous Indian Monuments across the Golden Quadrilateral. A well-known Deep Learning architectural model has been adopted to provide on-time and striking accuracies for classifying the images. A deep learning library has been used for all the training computations on the classifier for the dataset generated using a web crawler. The concept of Transfer learning has been used to prune the computational load. The last layer of the architecture is retrained as per the training set. Once the model is fully trained, the model is tested on a few arbitrary images to determine the test accuracy of the model.
Bias-contingent attention bias modification and attention control training in treatment of PTSD: a randomized control trial

Abstract Background Randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing attention control training (ACT) and attention bias modification (ABM) in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have shown mixed results. The current RCT extends the extant literature by comparing the efficacy of ACT and a novel bias-contingent-ABM (BC-ABM), in which direction of training is contingent upon the direction of pre-treatment attention bias (AB), in a sample of civilian patients with PTSD. Methods Fifty treatment-seeking civilian patients with PTSD were randomly assigned to either ACT or BC-ABM. Clinician and self-report measures of PTSD and depression, as well as AB and attention bias variability (ABV), were acquired pre- and post-treatment. Results ACT yielded greater reductions in PTSD and depressive symptoms on both clinician-rated and self-reported measures compared with BC-ABM. The BC-ABM condition successfully shifted ABs in the intended training direction. In the ACT group, there was no significant change in ABV or AB from pre- to post-treatment. Conclusions The current RCT extends previous results in being the first to apply ABM that is contingent upon AB at pre-treatment. This personalized BC-ABM approach is associated with significant reductions in symptoms. However, ACT produces even greater reductions, thereby emerging as a promising treatment for PTSD.
VV-Net: Voxel VAE Net With Group Convolutions for Point Cloud Segmentation

We present a novel algorithm for point cloud segmentation.Our approach transforms unstructured point clouds into regular voxel grids, and further uses a kernel-based interpolated variational autoencoder (VAE) architecture to encode the local geometry within each voxel.Traditionally, the voxel representation only comprises Boolean occupancy information, which fails to capture the sparsely distributed points within voxels in a compact manner. In order to handle sparse distributions of points, we further employ radial basis functions (RBF) to compute a local, continuous representation within each voxel. Our approach results in a good volumetric representation that effectively tackles noisy point cloud datasets and is more robust for learning. Moreover, we further introduce group equivariant CNN to 3D, by defining the convolution operator on a symmetry group acting on $\mathbb{Z}^3$ and its isomorphic sets. This improves the expressive capacity without increasing parameters, leading to more robust segmentation results.We highlight the performance on standard benchmarks and show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms on the ShapeNet and S3DIS datasets.
Fabrication and Characterization of Flexible Spray-Coated Antennas

This paper investigates the potential of using spray coating as a methodology for flexible antenna fabrication. The methodology has advantages compared with other antenna-printing techniques, such as screen-printing and gravure printing (more flexibility in design), or inkjet printing (faster production). The methodology is demonstrated using two different types of folded dipole antennas that are designed to operate in the ultra-high frequency radio-frequency identification (UHF RFID) band. Both antennas show good agreement between simulation and measurement of the spray-coated samples in terms of power reflection coefficient and gain. The two folded dipoles, with and without ground plane, show comparable performance in terms of gain, as similar antennas found in literature. The folded dipole on a ground plane is more stable near conductive surfaces and on the human body. Given these results, we conclude that spray coating is a good technique for printing small to medium sized batches of antennas.
Effect of restoration technique on resistance to fracture of endodontically treated anterior teeth with flared root canals

This study was designed to compare the impact of post and core systems on resistance to fracture of endodontically treated anterior teeth with flared root canals and to assess their fracture pattern. Sixty central incisors were cut horizontally 2 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). After root canal therapy, teeth were assigned into 6 groups (n=10 each) based on a post system and used as follows: Group C, non-flared root received size #1 glass fiber posts (Control); Group AP, flared root restored with anatomical post; Group RC, flared root restored with size #1 fiber post and cemented with thick layer of resin cement; Group CR, flared root restored with size #1 and reinforced with composite resin; Group CM, cast post-core; Group CP, CAD/CAM polymer-infiltrated ceramic post and core. Following post cementation, core build-up and crown insertion, the specimens were thermo-cycled up to 10,000 cycles (5C/55C; 30 seconds dwell time, 6 seconds transition time) and then statically loaded at 1 mm/minute crosshead speed using a universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc test (α=0.05) were used for data analysis. Group C recorded significantly higher resistance to fracture values [(826.9±39.1) N] followed by group CP [(793.8±55.6) N] while group RC yielded the lowest fracture resistance values [(586.7±51.4) N]. The resistance to fracture of wide root canals can be enhanced by using one-piece CAM/CAM post and core as an alternative to the use of either glass fiber post, relined with composite resin increasing the thickness of luting cement or the use of cast post and core system. However, this was an in vitro investigation and further in vivo studies are necessary.
Moment Generating Function of Uncertain Variable

Within the framework of uncertainty theory, this paper focuses on the moment generating function of an uncertain variable, which is a useful mathematical analytic tool to deal with uncertain variable. Furthermore, as an extension of moment generating function, Laplace transform of any nonnegative uncertain variable is discussed and some results between Laplace transform and uncertainty distribution function are obtained.
The role of optical coherence tomography in the evaluation of compressive optic neuropathies

Purpose of review Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging tool routinely used in ophthalmology that provides cross-sectional images of the retina. Compression of the anterior visual pathways results in progressive thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) and this review will highlight the utility of OCT in evaluating patients with this condition. Recent findings The RNFL and macular GCC have been found to highly correlate with visual function in patients with compressive optic neuropathies. Preoperative RNFL and macular GCC thickness have emerged as the most reliable and consistent prognostic factors for visual recovery after surgery. Patients with an otherwise normal neuroophthalmic examination, including automated perimetry, may have macular GCC or RNFL thinning as the only manifestation of compression, enabling compressive optic neuropathies to be diagnosed at an earlier stage and managed accordingly. Summary Recent findings indicate that OCT is an important tool in the evaluation of patients with compressive optic neuropathies, particularly for prognosis in patients with visual field defects and diagnosis in patients with preserved or mildly reduced visual function. Anatomical changes detected by OCT may precede visual loss and allow for earlier diagnosis and presumably better visual outcomes.
Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease

BACKGROUND It is unclear whether supplementation with vitamin D reduces the risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease, and data from randomized trials are limited. METHODS We conducted a nationwide, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, with a two‐by‐two factorial design, of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) at a dose of 2000 IU per day and marine n‐3 (also called omega‐3) fatty acids at a dose of 1 g per day for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease among men 50 years of age or older and women 55 years of age or older in the United States. Primary end points were invasive cancer of any type and major cardiovascular events (a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes). Secondary end points included site‐specific cancers, death from cancer, and additional cardiovascular events. This article reports the results of the comparison of vitamin D with placebo. RESULTS A total of 25,871 participants, including 5106 black participants, underwent randomization. Supplementation with vitamin D was not associated with a lower risk of either of the primary end points. During a median follow‐up of 5.3 years, cancer was diagnosed in 1617 participants (793 in the vitamin D group and 824 in the placebo group; hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88 to 1.06; P=0.47). A major cardiovascular event occurred in 805 participants (396 in the vitamin D group and 409 in the placebo group; hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.12; P=0.69). In the analyses of secondary end points, the hazard ratios were as follows: for death from cancer (341 deaths), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.67 to 1.02); for breast cancer, 1.02 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.31); for prostate cancer, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.07); for colorectal cancer, 1.09 (95% CI, 0.73 to 1.62); for the expanded composite end point of major cardiovascular events plus coronary revascularization, 0.96 (95% CI, 0.86 to 1.08); for myocardial infarction, 0.96 (95% CI, 0.78 to 1.19); for stroke, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.20); and for death from cardiovascular causes, 1.11 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.40). In the analysis of death from any cause (978 deaths), the hazard ratio was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.12). No excess risks of hypercalcemia or other adverse events were identified. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with vitamin D did not result in a lower incidence of invasive cancer or cardiovascular events than placebo. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; VITAL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01169259.)
Smart Backpack

Despite their simplicity, bags have been fundamental for the development of human civilization, as they allow people to easily collect loose materials and to transport goods from one place to another. In this era of smart systems, this vital product needs to be technologically advanced. Smart means intelligent, the bag will be intelligent enough to carry out various features for everyday use. Usually, a lot of efforts have been taken to make this product attractive but hardly any efforts to make it a smart product. This smart backpack is an innovative idea with many interesting features. It is an auto-travelling bag with obstacle detection system which travels by itself with the help of an object counter to cover a certain distance as per the user's choice. It also has an integrated charging system to charge mobile phones. This bag also comes with a led safety system which protects users travelling in low light regions. All in all, this is one bag that aims to satisfy all basic human needs. Furthermore, it is a combination of various systems in a bag which helps to increase the user's safety and makes it user friendly.
Physiological Parameters Variation Based on the Sensory Stimuli used by a Robot in a News Reading Task

Enabling robots to determine how physiological parameters vary in relation to the profile of an individual can lead to a better adaptation of the behavior of the robot to the needs of the individual it interacts with. This paper investigates how physiological parameters (i.e., blinking, galvanic skin response (GSR), facial temperature variation) vary in a news reading task, based on various types of stimuli (i.e., auditory and visual) that TIAGo robot uses to present the news. The results from a within participant study with 11 participants are reported. We also consider the impact of personality and the user sensory profile (based on Adult and Adolescent Sensory Profile (AASP)) for the physiological parameters variation. Our results show that blinking is the main physiological parameter that varies in the non-stressing task of news reading.
A Deep Neural Architecture for Image Super Resolution

A machine learning model using a deep convolutional neural network architecture has been proposed in this paper. The model takes an LR image and generates the HR image by performing both upscaling and enhancement within itself. Such a network architecture has not been attempted before with this intention. The output of the network is analyzed and the results have been compared with the standard works in this area. The results seem to be distinctive concluding that the proposed architecture is better than the other methods in this area.
A phase I/II study of bexarotene with carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background Rexinoids demonstrate anti-proliferative differentiation-inducing activity in multiple cancer types, including NSCLC. Prior studies have shown promising results when combining rexinoids with chemotherapy. This phase I/II study evaluates the tolerability and activity of a rexinoid, bexarotene, combined with weekly paclitaxel and monthly carboplatin. Methods Patients with confirmed advanced stage IIIB or IV NSCLC and adequate organ function were enrolled. They were scheduled to receive carboplatin (AUC =6) and 3 doses of weekly paclitaxel (100 mg/m2) every 4 weeks. Oral bexarotene was administered daily at two doses: 300 and 400 mg/m2/day. Results Thirty-three patients were enrolled. Fourteen received 300 mg/m2/day and 19 received 400 mg/m2/day of bexarotene. Hematologic toxicity included grade 3 neutropenia in 7 patients. Hyperlipidemia was a major non-hematologic toxicity which was medically managed. The recommended phase II dose of bexarotene was 400 mg/m2/day. Response rate was 35%. Median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 8.3 months with 1-year survival of 43%. Median OS for the 300 mg/m2 dose of bexarotene was 6.6 versus 9.8 months for the 400 mg/m2 dose (HR, 0.73; Log rank P=0.37). Patients who experienced hypertriglyceridemia had a median OS of 9.8 months compared to 4.9 months for those who did not (HR, 0.69; Log rank P=0.33). Conclusions The 43% 1-year survival for patients receiving bexarotene with weekly paclitaxel and monthly carboplatin is encouraging. With the availability of new classes of agents for lung cancer, further evaluation of this regimen in unselected patients is not warranted. Our study confirms prior subgroup analyses showing a significant correlation between bexarotene-induced hypertriglyceridemia and survival. Further research is needed to identify molecular biomarkers to identify this subset of patients and to explore rexinoids in other combinations, especially with immunotherapy.
"Why Did You Do That?" Explainable Intelligent Robots

As autonomous intelligent systems become more widespread, society is beginning to ask: “What are the machines up to? ”. Various forms of artiﬁcial intelligence control our latest cars, load balance components of our power grids, dictate much of the movement in our stock markets and help doctors diagnose and treat our ailments. As they become increasingly able to learn and model more complex phenomena, so the ability of human users to understand the reasoning behind their decisions often decreases. It becomes very difﬁcult to ensure that the robot will perform properly and that it is possible to correct errors. In this paper, we outline a variety of techniques for generating the underlying knowledge required for explainable artiﬁ-cial intelligence, ranging from early work in expert systems through to systems based on Behavioural Cloning. These are techniques that may be used to build intelligent robots that explain their decisions and justify their actions. We will then illustrate how decision trees are particularly well suited to generating these kinds of explanations. We will also discuss how additional explanations can be obtained, beyond simply the structure of the tree, based on knowledge of how the training data was generated. Finally, we will illustrate these capabilities in the context of a robot learning to drive over rough terrain in both simulation and in reality.