Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chlorophyllb-containing oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes: Oxychlorobacteria (Prochlorophytes)

The major ultrastructural and pigment characteristics of three chlorophyllb-containing photosynthetic prokaryote genera,Prochloron, Prochlorothrix, andProchlorococcus, are summarized. Aspects of their ecology are reviewed, as are also the major findings of comparisons among the three genera, and between them and the cyanobacteria, based on analyses of nucleotide sequences. The information summarized is discussed to assess how closely the three genera are related and whether they form a natural taxonomic grouping within the cyanobacteria. It is concluded that, although much of the evidence points to substantial differences among the three genera, the convenience of keeping them together as a group, namely, Oxychlorobacteria (formerly Prochlorophyta), outweighs certain inconsistencies revealed by analysis of a range of objective criteria. Current views on the possible significance of the group to considerations of the evolution of green chloroplasts are also presented.
“ The Pope Has a New Baby ! ” Fake News Detection Using Deep Learning

The objective of this project is to build a classifier that can predict whether a piece of news is fake based only its content, thereby approaching the problem from a purely NLP perspective. An important part of the goal is to compare and report the results from multiple different model implementations, and present an analysis of the findings. Several architectures are explored, and a novel design that incorporates an attention-like mechanism in a Convolutional Network is investigated.
Influenza-Induced Inflammation Drives Pneumococcal Otitis Media

ABSTRACT Influenza A virus (IAV) predisposes individuals to secondary infections with the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus). Infections may manifest as pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, or otitis media (OM). It remains controversial as to whether secondary pneumococcal disease is due to the induction of an aberrant immune response or IAV-induced immunosuppression. Moreover, as the majority of studies have been performed in the context of pneumococcal pneumonia, it remains unclear how far these findings can be extrapolated to other pneumococcal disease phenotypes such as OM. Here, we used an infant mouse model, human middle ear epithelial cells, and a series of reverse-engineered influenza viruses to investigate how IAV promotes bacterial OM. Our data suggest that the influenza virus HA facilitates disease by inducing a proinflammatory response in the middle ear cavity in a replication-dependent manner. Importantly, our findings suggest that it is the inflammatory response to IAV infection that mediates pneumococcal replication. This study thus provides the first evidence that inflammation drives pneumococcal replication in the middle ear cavity, which may have important implications for the treatment of pneumococcal OM.
The Roles of Subdivisions of Human Insula in Emotion Perception and Auditory Processing

Previous studies have shown insular activations involving sensory, motor, and affective processing. However, the functional roles of subdivisions within the human insula are still not well understood. In the present study, we used intracranial electroencephalography and electrical cortical stimulation to investigate the causal roles of subdivisions of the insula in auditory emotion perception in epilepsy patients implanted with depth electrodes in this brain region. The posterior and the anterior subdivisions of the human insula, identified based on structural and functional analyses, showed distinct response properties to auditory emotional stimuli. The posterior insula showed auditory responses that resemble those observed in Heschl's gyrus, whereas the anterior insula (AI) responded to the emotional contents of the auditory stimuli in a similar way as observed in the amygdala. Furthermore, the degree of the differentiation between various emotion types increased from the posterior to the AI. Our findings suggest different roles played by the two regions of the human insula and a transformation from sensory to affective representations in auditory modality along the posterior-to-anterior axis in the human insula.
Effect of Element Size on Stereoscopic Apparent Motion

Spatial displacement limits in stereoscopic (cyclopean) apparent motion were measured from sequentially presented two-frame random-depth configurations. Each depth configuration was defined by stereoscopically near or far elements of various sizes. The limits were compared with those in luminance-defined apparent motion. The subject's task was 2-alternative forced-choice of the perceived motion direction of the sequentially presented two-frame random-dot stereograms. The spatial displacement limit below which correct motion perception arose with stereoscopic configurations was larger in proportion to increases in size of elements. The values were almost consistent with those measured by luminance-defined configurations with the same element sizes. This result suggests that the strategy for discrimination of motion direction of random configurations is similar in both stereoscopic and luminance-defined apparent motion.
Time to relapse predicts post-relapse survival in recurrent osteosarcoma : a meta-analysis

Background: Relapse in osteosarcoma is associated with very poor prognosis. The prognostic value of time to relapse in recurrent osteosarcomas remains controversial. Hence, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of relapse-free interval (RFI) on post-relapse survival (PRS). Methods: From inception to November 2015, we searched for cohort studies using the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO and Science Direct. Eligible studies should provide the number of patients with a short and long RFI (24-months as a cutoff usually) and their corresponding 5-year PRS. The pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to assess the impact of RFI on PRS. Results: A total of 11 studies published between 2003 and 2014 were found to be in accordance with our inclusion criteria. 1692 cases of recurrent osteosarcomas were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Approximately 60% relapses occur early, usually within 24 months. The primary meta-analysis indicated that recurrent patients with a short RFI had a worse PRS (n=11, RR=2.63, 95% CI: 2.17 to 3.21, P<0.001). By subgroup analyses, we further found that 24-months was a common and alternative cutoff value (n=7, RR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.84 to 3.06, P<0.001). No significant differences were obtained after stratified by age range, sample size, and geographic region. And a complete surgical remission (CR) of primary tumor correlated with a higher probability of a long RFI (subgroup difference: P=0.01). Conclusion: The findings of our meta-analysis suggest that late relapses fares a better PRS in recurrent osteosarcomas. We recommend 24-months as a clinically alternative cutoff value and long-term follow-up. Complete surgical resection, if feasible, may be prerequisite for late relapse.
Qualitative evaluation of a problem-solving intervention for informal hospice caregivers

Background: Informal hospice caregivers may experience compromised well-being as a result of significant stress. Although quite limited, problem-solving interventions with this population have garnered empirical support for improved caregiver well-being. Aim: Researchers sought to answer the following question: which specific intervention processes impacted informal hospice caregivers who participated in a problem-solving intervention? Design: Researchers conducted a thematic analysis of open-ended exit interviews with informal hospice caregivers who had participated in a structured problem-solving intervention. Setting/participants: Participants were friends and family members who provided unpaid care for a home hospice patient receiving services from one of two hospice agencies located in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Results: During their participation in the problem-solving intervention, caregivers actively reflected on caregiving, structured problem-solving efforts, partnered with interventionists, resolved problems, and gained confidence and control. Conclusions: The study findings provide much needed depth to the field’s understanding of problem-solving interventions for informal hospice caregivers and can be used to enhance existing support services.
Small intracerebral hemorrhages have a low spot sign prevalence and are less likely to expand

Background Hematoma expansion is a major predictor of morbidity and mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Both baseline hematoma volume and the CT-angiogram (CTA) spot sign predict hematoma expansion. Because the CTA spot sign may represent foci of active hemorrhage, we hypothesized that patients with smaller baseline hematoma volumes are less likely to be spot sign positive, and therefore less likely to expand. Aim We sought to validate our prior finding that small hematomas are unlikely to expand, and to determine the relationship between baseline hematoma volume, spot sign status, and risk of hematoma expansion. Methods Data were from the prospective PREDICT ICH study. Patients presenting within 6 h of symptom onset with completed baseline CT, CTA, and follow-up CT were included. Baseline hematoma volume was categorized a priori (<3 mL, 3–10 mL, 10–20 mL, >20 mL). The primary outcome was significant hematoma expansion (≥6 mL, ≥12.5 mL or ≥33%) and secondary outcomes were early neurological worsening, good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0–3), and mortality at 90 days. Results Among 315 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, baseline hematoma volume category predicted absolute hematoma expansion (p < 0.001), spot sign prevalence (p < 0.001), early neurologic worsening (p = 0.002), clinical outcome (p < 0.001), and mortality (p < 0.001). Very small hematomas (<3 mL) were unlikely to be spot positive (7.7%), unlikely to expand (2.6%), and were associated with a 73% chance of good clinical outcome. Spot sign appeared to be most predictive of expansion in the 3–10 mL baseline hematoma volume category. Conclusion Very small hematomas are unlikely to expand and have a low spot sign prevalence. Hemostatic therapy trials may be best targeted at hemorrhages >3 mL in volume.
Improved ant colony-based multi-constrained QoS energy-saving routing and throughput optimization in wireless Ad-hoc networ k s

In order to establish a route supporting multi-constrained quality of service (QoS), increase network throughput and reduce network energy consumption, an improved ant colony-based multi-constrained QoS energy-saving routing algorithm (IAMQER) is proposed. The ant colony algorithm, as one of the available heuristic algorithms, is used to find the optimal route from source node to destination node. The proposed IAMQER algorithm, which is based on the analysis of local node information such as node queue length, node forwarding number of data packets and node residual energy, balances the relationship between the network throughput and the energy consumption, thus improving the performance of network in multi-constrained QoS routing. Simulation results show that this IAMQER algorithm can find the QoS route that reduce average energy consumption and improves network packet delivery ratio under the end-to-end delay and packet loss ratio constraints.
' s personal copy Detection and identification of plasma progesterone metabolites in the female Florida manatee ( Trichechus manatus latirostris ) using GC / MS / MS

Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) have relatively low peripheral concentrations of progesterone (P4). The objective of this study was to determine if these relatively low P4 concentrations are associated with a high ratio of progestin metabolites and to document metabolite concentrations from individual blood samples obtained from manatees during diestrus or pregnancy. Metabolites known to exist in elephants—terrestrial manatee relatives—were targeted. These included 5a-reduced progestins (5a-pregnane-3,20-dione [5a-DHP] and 3a-hydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one [5a-P3-OH]) and 17a-hydroxyprogesterone (17a-OHP), which occurs in Asian elephants. An additional, inactive metabolite, 20a-hydroxyprogesterone (20a-OHP), indicative of P4 overproduction, was also targeted. Progesterone itself was the predominant progestin detected in pregnant and nonpregnant manatee plasma (n = 10) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with tandem quadrupole detectors (GC/MS/MS). Progesterone concentrations in pregnant females varied from early (moderate to high) through mid and late (low) pregnancy. Progesterone concentrations ranged from low to high in nonpregnant, nonlactating females. The most commonly detected metabolite was 5a-P3-OH (n = 7), which occurred in pregnant (lower limit of detection [LLOD] to high) and nonpregnant (trace to high) females. The 5a-DHP metabolite was also detected in pregnant (LLOD to moderate) and nonpregnant (low) females. The 17a-OHP metabolite was not detected in any tested female. The 20a-OHP metabolite was detected in one nonpregnant, nonlactating, captive female (LLOD). Metabolites were most prevalent during early pregnancy, concurrent with maximum P4 concentrations. Based on their concentrations in peripheral circulation, we inferred that these metabolites may have, opposite to elephants, a limited physiologic role during luteal, pregnant, and nonpregnant phases in the manatee. # 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ampR Gene Mutations That Greatly Increase Class C β-Lactamase Activity in Enterobacter cloacae

ABSTRACT The ampC and ampR genes ofEnterobacter cloacae GN7471 were cloned into pMW218 to yield pKU403. Four mutant plasmids derived from pKU403 (pKU404, pKU405, pKU406, and pKU407) were isolated in an AmpD mutant ofEscherichia coli ML4953 by selection with ceftazidime or aztreonam. The β-lactamase activities expressed by pKU404, pKU405, pKU406, and pKU407 were about 450, 75, 160, and 160 times higher, respectively, than that expressed by the original plasmid, pKU403. These mutant plasmids all carried point mutations in theampR gene. In pKU404 and pKU405, Asp-135 was changed to Asn and Val, respectively. In both pKU406 and pKU407, Arg-86 was changed to Cys. The ease of selection of AmpR mutations at a frequency of about 10−6 in this study strongly suggests that derepressed strains, such as AmpD or AmpR mutants, could frequently emerge in the clinical setting.
Series expansions for the percolation probability of a generalized Domany - Kinzel cellular automaton

Series expansions have been derived for the percolation probability of a generalized Domany - Kinzel cellular automaton with two equivalent absorbing states. The analysis of the series generally yields estimates of the critical exponent , consistent with earlier Monte Carlo studies thus confirming that the model belongs to the same universality class as branching annihilating random walks with an even number of offspring. There is evidence to suggest that when the probability of spreading from two active sites becomes small a new critical behaviour emerges.
The Nursing Leadership Institute program evaluation: a critique

A theory-driven program evaluation was conducted for a nursing leadership program, as a collaborative project between university faculty, the nurses’ union, the provincial Ministry of Health, and its chief nursing officers. A collaborative logic model process was used to engage stakeholders, and mixed methods approaches were used to answer evaluation questions. Despite demonstrated, successful outcomes, the leadership program was not supported with continued funding. This paper examines what happened during the evaluation process: What factors failed to sustain this program?
Atypical Fibroxanthoma in the Setting of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other Non‐Hodgkin Lymphomas

BACKGROUND Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare cutaneous malignancy of older adults. Little is known about the behavior of AFX in the setting of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). OBJECTIVE To further understand the development, characteristics, and behavior of AFX in the setting of concomitant CLL and other types of NHL. METHODS AND MATERIALS Study approval was obtained from the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board. The master diagnosis index was queried from January 1, 1980, through December 31, 2008, to identify patients with AFX and CLL or other types of NHL. A retrospective chart review was conducted. RESULTS Ten patients were identified with AFX and NHL. These patients did not show a greater risk of recurrence, metastasis, or death than that found in previous case reports. Of these 10 patients, four had AFX and CLL. The outcomes of these patients were no different from those of patients with AFX and other types of lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS AFX did not demonstrate aggressive features such as recurrence or metastasis in patients with concomitant CLL or other NHL. More studies are needed to definitively characterize the behavior of AFX in this patient population. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Carcinogens in the nose and throat: nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Kenya.

Following the report by Todd (1921), subsequent studies (Digby et al. 1930, Digby et al. 1941, Digby 1951, Hu & Yang 1959) showed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) to be common in Chinese. Muir (1971) estimated incidence rates for Chinese as 10-20 per 100 000 population annually for males and 5-10 for females, and Ho (1967) has reported an annual incidence of 25.2 per 100 000 for males and 12.4 for females in Hong Kong. Within China the incidence of this disease appears to relate to latitude and these high rates apply only to the South China provinces of Kwantung, Kwangsi and Fukien. Reports from Central and North China indicate that this disease is less prevalent in these areas (Clifford 1970a). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is rare in the mongoloid peoples of Korea and Japan who are descendants of peoples migrating from the mainland of Asia, mainly Manchuria. For centuries Chinese from South China have migrated and settled throughout the countries of South-east Asia and the Americas. Intermarriage has occurred with the original native inhabitants of these countries. In some instances it has been possible to compare the incidence of NPC in population groups of pure Chinese, mixed Chinese/indigenous, and indigenous stock. In areas such as Singapore, Malaya, Thailand and Indonesia the highest incidences occur in the pure Chinese groups, with rates comparable to but lower than those noted in South China. The lowest rates occur in indigenous native populations and intermediate levels in those with an admixture of Chinese blood (Muir 1971). This association has suggested that the disease may be genetically determined, but this needs reappraisal. Cancer arising as the result of the exposure of a racial group or section of the population to common environmental carcinogens may erroneously be ascribed to an inherited genetic susceptibility. Neither have significant external environmental factors been found affecting these population groups, perhaps because attention has been concentrated almost entirely on the search for carcinogenic inhalants. However, the importance of environmental factors is indicated by analyses of cases by birth in Hawaii, Australia and California which have shown a significantly lower incidence in those Chinese born outside China than in those born in China (reviewed by Clifford 1970a). NPC is rare in the caucasian peoples of Europe, India and America. In populations of European origin the relative frequency of this disease is about 0.3% in males and 0.2% in females. In India and Ceylon this cancer occurs as 0.5% of all cancers. Muir estimates the incidence in occidental countries as less than 1 per 100 000. The occurrence of NPC in Africa has only recently been recognized, though the oldest known pathological specimens are derived from
Gender differences in the frequency and treatment of behavior problems in Parkinson's disease. SAGE Study Group. Systematic Assessment and Geriatric drug use via Epidemiology.

OBJECTIVE To determine gender differences in the prevalence, survival rates, and management of noncognitive behavioral problems of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in nursing homes (NH). METHODS We performed an observational study on 24,402 residents with PD using the Systematic Assessment and Geriatric drug use via Epidemiology (SAGE) database collected from the Minimum Data Set on a cross-section of over 400,000 NH residents in five US states. Gender differences in behavior were used to predict differences in pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies using logistic regression. Similar analyses were done to evaluate gender differences in 1-year survival rates among patients with PD with and without behavioral problems. RESULTS 36% of men and 33% of women exhibited behavioral problems. Wandering, verbal and physical abusiveness, and inappropriate behavior tended to be more common in men, especially among PD residents with severe cognitive impairment. Hallucinations and delusions were equally prevalent between genders and depressive symptoms were more common in women. Regardless of behavioral manifestation, men were more likely to receive antipsychotic drugs, whereas women were more likely to receive antidepressants. This gender difference in treatment was also widest among the severely demented group. Although women lived longer, no difference in survival curves were noted between PD residents with and without behavioral problems. CONCLUSION Gender appears to play an important role in determining the frequency and treatment of behavioral problems of NH residents with PD.
The Relative Motor Blocking Potencies of Bupivacaine and Levobupivacaine in Labor

Minimum local analgesic concentrations (MLAC) have been used to determine the epidural analgesic potencies of bupivacaine and its levo- counterpart. There are no reports of the motor blocking potencies of these drugs. In this study we sought to determine the motor block MLAC of both drugs and determine the relative potency ratio. Sixty ASA physical status I–II parturients were randomized. The first woman in each group received 0.25% wt/vol. Up-down sequential allocation was used to determine subsequent concentrations at a testing interval of 0.025% wt/vol. Effective motor block was defined as a Bromage score <4 within 30 min. The up-down sequences were analyzed with the Dixon and Massey method and probit regression. Two-sided P < 0.05 defined significance. The motor block MLAC for bupivacaine was 0.27% wt/vol (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25–0.30) and for levobupivacaine was 0.31% wt/vol (95% CI, 0.29–0.34) (P = 0.024), with a levobupivacaine/bupivacaine potency ratio of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.77–0.98). This is the first study to estimate the motor-blocking potency ratio of bupivacaine and levobupivacaine in labor. This study demonstrates that the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine is less potent at motor block than the racemate.
Maximum Matching in the Online Batch-arrival Model

Consider a two-stage matching problem, where edges of an input graph are revealed in two stages (batches) and in each stage we have to immediately and irrevocably extend our matching using the edges from that stage. The natural greedy algorithm is half competitive. Even though there is a huge literature on online matching in adversarial vertex arrival model, no positive results were previously known in adversarial edge arrival model. For two-stage bipartite matching problem, we show that the optimal competitive ratio is exactly 2/3 in both the fractional and the randomized-integral models. Furthermore, our algorithm for fractional bipartite matching is instance optimal, i.e., it achieves the best competitive ratio for any given first stage graph. We also study natural extensions of this problem to general graphs and to s stages and present randomized-integral algorithms with competitive ratio ½ + 2−O(s). Our algorithms use a novel Instance-Optimal-LP and combine graph decomposition techniques with online primal-dual analysis.