Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of population variability on the accuracy of detection probability estimates

Observar una fraccion constante de la poblacion a traves del tiempo, lugares, o especies es una tarea dificil de realizar, de modo que, la cuantificacion de este porcentaje (i.e., la probabilidad de deteccion) es una tarea importante en estudios poblacionales. A traves del uso de simulaciones, se evaluo el efecto de la variabilidad en parametros poblacionales en la exactitud de estimadores de probabilidad de deteccion. Estos resultados muestran de forma consistente como diferentes metodologias de muestreo y estimadores, sobrepredicen la probabilidad de deteccion. Comparaciones entre estimadores y metodos de muestreo mostraron diferencias significativas entre ellos (i.e., estimadores que toman en cuenta la heterogeneidad en parametros poblacionales producen predicciones mas precisas). El tamano poblacional fue el factor que mas influyo en la incertidumbre y la precision de las predicciones. Nuestros resultados muestran la necesidad de incluir caracteristicas de la poblacion (ya sea como una funcion de correccion o factores en un modelo de observacion) al estimar las probabilidades de deteccion. El estudio concluye sugiriendo dos metodos para el uso de caracteristicas de la poblacion para estimar las probabilidades de deteccion.
Plausible Deniability Over Broadcast Channels

In this paper, we introduce the notion of plausible deniability in an information theoretic framework. We consider a scenario where an entity that eavesdrops through a broadcast channel summons one of the parties in a communication protocol to reveal their message (or signal vector). It is desirable that the summoned party has enough freedom to produce a fake output that is likely plausible given the eavesdropper’s observation. We examine three variants of this problem—message deniability, transmitter deniability, and receiver deniability. In the first setting, the message sender is summoned to produce the sent message. Similarly, in the second and third settings, the transmitter and the receiver are required to produce the transmitted codeword and the received vector, respectively. For each of these settings, we examine the maximum communication rate that allows a given minimum rate of plausible fake outputs. First, for the message deniability problem, we fully characterize the capacity region for general broadcast channels. Next, for the transmitter deniability problem, we give an achievable region for general broadcast channels by fully characterizing the set of rate pairs’ achievable using deterministic coding schemes. Finally, for the receiver deniability problem, we give an achievable rate region for physically degraded broadcast channels.
Multilevel Predictors of Continued Adherence to Breast Cancer Screening Among Women Ages 50-74 Years in a Screening Population.

BACKGROUND U.S. women of ages 50-74 years are recommended to receive screening mammography at least biennially. Our objective was to evaluate multilevel predictors of nonadherence among screened women, as these are not well known. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort study was conducted among women of ages 50-74 years with a screening mammogram in 2011 with a negative finding (Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System 1 or 2) within Population-based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens (PROSPR) consortium research centers. We evaluated the association between woman-level factors, radiology facility, and PROSPR research center, and nonadherence to breast cancer screening guidelines, defined as not receiving breast imaging within 27 months of an index screening mammogram. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Nonadherence to guideline-recommended screening interval was 15.5% among 51,241 women with a screening mammogram. Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander women, women of other races, heavier women, and women of ages 50-59 years had a greater odds of nonadherence. There was no association with ZIP code median income. Nonadherence varied by research center and radiology facility (variance = 0.10, standard error = 0.03). Adjusted radiology facility nonadherence rates ranged from 10.0% to 26.5%. One research center evaluated radiology facility communication practices for screening reminders and scheduling, but these were not associated with nonadherence. CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer screening interval nonadherence rates in screened women varied across radiology facilities even after adjustment for woman-level characteristics and research center. Future studies should investigate other characteristics of facilities, practices, and health systems to determine factors integral to increasing continued adherence to breast cancer screening.
Constraints and changes: A survey of abstract argumentation dynamics

This paper addresses the issue of the dynamic enforcement of a constraint in an argumentation system. The system consists in (1) an argumentation framework, made up, notably, of a set of arguments and of an attack relation, (2) an evaluation semantics, and (3) the evaluation result, computed from (1) and (2). An agent may want another agent to consider a new attack, or to have a given argument accepted, or even to relax the definition of the semantics. A constraint on any of the three components is thus defined, and it has to be enforced in the system. The enforcement may result in changes on components of the system. The paper surveys existing approaches for the dynamic enforcement of a constraint and its consequences, and reveals challenging enforcement cases that remain to be investigated.
A Compact Dual-Band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for WLAN Applications

In this paper, a dual-band MIMO antenna for WLAN applications is presented. The overall size of the proposed antenna is very compact as only $11\times 32\text{mm}^{2}$, The antenna element consists of a L-shaped driven strips on the top and an inverted L-shaped slots on the ground. A decoupling slot is also introduced between two antenna elements to improve the isolation. The simulated results are studied and the measured results show that the −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 2.2–2.48 GHz and 5.45–5.9 GHz for WLAN are obtained and high isolation of more than 20 dB at the entire operating bands is achieved. Furthermore, the measured radiation performances and envelope correlation coefficient also demonstrate that the proposed antenna could be a good candidate for WLAN systems.
Exercise in Pregnancy: How Safe Is It?

The role of exercise in pregnancy (EIP) is widely debated. Pregnancy produces marked changes of several physiologic variables of the mother. Regular EIP limits the increase in O2 requirement and produces an increase in the absolute anaerobic threshold, which persists for up to 36 weeks. Exercise in pregnancy reduces the incidence of muscle cramps, lower limb edema, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Increased knee cruciate ligament laxity does not normally produce any instability. Exercise in pregnancy reduces the increase in baseline maternal heart rate that occurs in pregnancy. Heart rate and stroke volume increase more markedly with exercise in pregnant women than in nonpregnant controls. Noradrenalin response to EIP is lower than in nonpregnant controls. Blood glucose levels decrease more promptly and to lower values with exercise in pregnant women than in nonpregnant controls. Glucose tolerance normally decreases in pregnancy, but increases during EIP. Regular EIP improves glucose tolerance in diabetic mothers and reduces total maternal weight gain and subcutaneous fat deposition toward the lower end of the normal range. Regular EIP produces higher plasma endorphin levels during labor and better pain tolerance than in sedentary controls. Women who undertake regular EIP have a lower incidence of 3rd- and 4th-degree vaginal tears. Children of exercising mothers have similar birth-weights as children of sedentary mothers, and mental performance at age 5 is higher. If there are no specific obstetric or medical contraindications, fit pregnant women can safely maintain the same level of fitness during pregnancy, although exercise schedules may have to be reduced.
Predicting clinical course in major depressive disorder: The association between DM‐TRD score and symptom severity over time in 1115 outpatients

The Dutch Measure for Quantification of Treatment Resistance in Depression (DM‐TRD) is a promising prediction tool for major depressive disorder (MDD) based on variables associated with treatment outcome. The objective of our study was to examine the association between the DM‐TRD and clinical course in a large cohort of MDD outpatients receiving treatment as usual. Furthermore, we examined whether the addition of an item measuring the presence of childhood adversity improved this association.
Measuring the impact of app inventor for android and studio-based learning in an introductory computer science course for non-majors

A reexamination of the traditional instruction of introductory computer science (CS) courses is becoming a necessity. Introductory CS courses tend to have high attrition rates and low success rates. In many universities, the CS department suffered from low enrollment for several years compared to other majors. Multiple studies have linked these phenomena with low student motivation, specifically with respect to attitudes towards overtly mathematics-oriented assignments and lecture-oriented pedagogy. Students' criticisms were directed at the major for its lack of creativity, relevance, and interest. This study implemented an experimental introductory CS course for non-CS majors focusing on two pedagogic factors: (1) the use of a visual blocks programming language known as App Inventor for Android (AIA) and (2) the adoption of SBL as the main teaching methodology. Participants included 30 undergraduates enrolled in two introductory CS courses; the experimental course (CS116) and a traditional lecture oriented CS course. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was implemented in both courses at several stages. Statistically significant differences were found in the Control of Learning Beliefs, Help Seeking, and Intrinsic Motivation scales, were CS116's participants scored higher rates. In CS116, entry and exit interviews were conducted as well as a mind maps analysis. Their results showed a positive response to the pedagogic factors, positive attitudes towards CS, and an improvement in the understanding of CS. The majority of participants did very well and showed creativity with not one student failing the course. They found the experimental course to cultivate collaboration, creativity, and motivation to learn. The experimental approach was found have a positive effect on students' motivation, achievement, and attitude towards CS.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Measures in the Elderly: Reliability, Smallest Detectable Change and the Potential Influence of Lifestyle Habits

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to evaluate cortical function and corticospinal pathway in normal and pathological aging. Yet, the metrologic properties of TMS-related measurements is still limited in the aging population. Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to document the reliability and smallest detectable change of TMS measurements among community-dwelling seniors. A secondary objective was to test if TMS measurements differ between elders based on lifestyle, medical and socio-demographic factors. Methods: Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by single-pulse TMS were recorded in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) in 26 elderly individuals (mean age = 70 ± 3.8 years). Resting motor threshold (rMT), MEP amplitudes and contralateral silent period (cSP) were measured on two separate occasions (1-week interval), and the standard error of the measurement (SEMeas), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and smallest detectable change in an individual (SDCindv) were calculated. Lifestyle, medical and socio-demographic factors were collected using questionnaires. TMS-related outcomes were compared using independent sample t-test based on the presence of chronic health diseases, chronic medication intake, obesity, history of smoking, physical activity levels, gender, and level of education. Results: rMT and cSP measures were the most reliable outcomes, with the lowest SEMeas and highest ICCs, whereas MEP amplitude-related measures were less reliable. SDCindv levels were generally high, even for rMT (7.29 %MSO) and cSP (43.16–50.84 ms) measures. Although not systematically significant, results pointed toward a higher corticospinal excitability in elderly individuals who were regularly active, who had no chronic medical conditions and who did not take any medication. Conclusion: Even though SDCindv levels were relatively high, these results show that rMT and cSP are the most reliable outcomes to investigate age-related changes in the corticomotor system and suggest that the influence of factors such as lifestyle habits and medications on TMS measures should be investigated further.
Outcome of fracture of distal end of radius in adults treated by open reduction and internal fixation witth buttress plate

INTRODUCTION: Fracture of the distal radius is one of the most common skeletal injury treated by orthopaedic surgeons. Fractures of the distal end of the radius continue to pose a therapeutic challenge. Some of these fractures are caused by high energy trauma, resulting in intra-articular involvement and comminution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of surgical management of distal radial fractures in adults using Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with buttress plate and screws. METHODS: This is a clinical study done on 32 patients with displaced, comminuted, intra-articular fractures of distal end of radius of whom 15(46.9%) were female and 17(53.1%) were males, with an average age of 39.37yrs (range 20-69 years). The patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation by buttress plate and screws was done in all patients within 5-7 days of initial trauma with both the dorsal and volar appoarch. The aim was to restore the radio-carpal, radio-ulnar joint congruity and to regain radial length. The fractures were approached according to the direction of the displaced fragment. Follow up and assessment at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, final evaluation was performed at 6 months using demerit-point system of Gartland and Werley. RESULTS: In our study the most common mode of injury causing distal end radius fractures was Road traffic accident (RTA) 40.6%, followed by fall on outstretched hand with incidence of 25%. In our series 6 patients had excellent results accounting for 18.7%, 15 patients had good results accounting for 46.8%, 6 patients has fair results accounting for 18.7% and 5 patients had poor results accounting for 15.6% according to Gartland and Werley system. The complications were: 3 patients had malunion and 8 patients had restricted wrist movements, stiffness and 7 patients had finger stiffness CONCLUSION: As per our results, excellent to good results were found in 65.6% of patients. So we conclude that this procedure is acceptable and it can be used as an alternative to other procedures in treating comminuted intra-articular fractures of distal radius.
Caesarean Section at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital Revisited

Context: Regular auditing of caesarean sections is necessary to establish trend, review indications, associated complications and proffer possible solutions to improve outcome. Objective: To audit caesarean sections done over a 5-year period from January 1996 to December 2000 and to compare such with those from the same hospital 20 years ago. Materials and Methods: A review of the clinical records of all mothers who had caesarean sections from January 1996 – December 2000 was made. Data on the indications, and on maternal and fetal outcome were extracted and analysed. Results: The caesarean section (CS) rate was 22.2%. Dystocia (28.2%) was the commonest indications for CS. There were a total of 351 (39.3%) patients with complications, with anaemia being the commonest form of morbidity. Eight CS-related deaths were recorded – Maternal Mortality Ratio: 7.8 per 1000. The perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) was 128.3 per 1000 births. Being unbooked was associated with poor maternal and fetal outcome. Compared with 20 years ago, there was an increase in the CS rate from 10.1% to 23%. The indications remained essentially the same. There was a lowering of the maternal morbidity rate from 54.1 to 39.3%, but an increase in the PNMR from 88 to 128.3 per 1000 births. Conclusion: The CS rate has more than doubled in the two decades since the last audit. Booking of high-risk cases in tertiary institutions and early referral of complicated cases to these institutions should be encouraged. The neonatal care services should be improved to cope with complications in neonates. Key Words: Caesarean Section, Maternal Morbidity, Perinatal Audit [Trop J Obstet Gynaecol, 2003, 20: 63-66]
Electrocardiography vs. Auscultation to Assess Heart Rate During Cardiac Arrest With Pulseless Electrical Activity in Newborn Infants

Background: In 2015, the neonatal resuscitation guidelines incorporated the use of electrocardiography (ECG) to monitor heart rate of newborns. However, previous studies have indicated that cardiac arrest with pulseless electrical activity rhythm (PEA) may occur in the delivery room, rendering this method problematic. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of ECG and auscultation to assess heart rate during PEA. Methods: A total of 45 piglets (age 1–3 days, weight 1.7–2.3 kg) were exposed to 30 min normocapnic alveolar hypoxia followed by asphyxia until asystole, achieved by disconnecting the ventilator and clamping the endotracheal tube. During asphyxia, heart rate (HR) was assess using auscultation, ECG, and carotid blood flow (CBF). At the time of asystole (defined as zero CBF) HR auscultated using a neonatal/infant stethoscope was compared to ECG traces. Results: The median (IQR) duration of asphyxia was 325 (200–491) s. In 8 (18%) piglets, CBF, ECG, and auscultation identified asystole. In 22 (49%) piglets no CBF and no audible heart sounds, were observed, while ECG displayed a HR ranging from 17 to 75/min. Fifteen (33%) piglets remained bradycardic (defined as HR of < 100/min) after 10 min of asphyxia, which was identified by CBF, ECG, and auscultation. The overall accuracy of ECG and auscultation in the detection of HR were 51 and 80%, respectively (p = 0.004). Conclusion: In cases with PEA ECG is not superior in correctly identifying HR in newborn piglets.
Numerical simulation on rolling characteristics of canard-controlled rockets with a free-spinning tail

Rolling characteristics of the canard-controlled rocket with a free-spinning tail are researched based on 3-dimensional Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations. The slide mesh technology of computational fluid dynamics is used to numerically simulate the flow field when tails rotate relative to the rocket body and research the varying pattern of roll moment coefficients of the whole rocket, tail, and canard with Mach number. The comparison between the computation results and a part of experimental data shows that the simulation method is accurate. The convergence criterion during the numerical simulation is put forward; the induced rotation speed of the free-spinning tail and the roll moment coefficient of the rocket under this rotation in actual flight when the canard deflects by 10∘ for roll control are obtained and the reason for the free-spinning tail being able to eliminate roll coupling is analyzed. The research provides a reference for the configuration design of canard-controlled rockets with a free-spinning tail and the numerical simulation of their aerodynamic characteristics.
In vitro removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by lactic acid bacteria

The current study aimed to investigate the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) in removing four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) namely, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benz(a)anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Chr) and benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) from contaminated phosphate buffer saline (PBS).
Simplified maximum likelihood classification for hyperspectral data in cluster space

In this paper, a simplified maximum likelihood classification method is applied to cluster-space hyperspectral data analysis. A principal components (PC) transformation is firstly used for data de-correlation, followed by cluster-space representation where information classes are associated with spectral clusters automatically. The simplified maximum likelihood classification treats the transformed data independent of the PC features, allowing the second-degree statistics of each cluster to be taken into account with reduced requirement on the number of training samples. Pixel labelling is undertaken by a combined decision based on its membership of belonging to defined clusters and the clusters' membership of belonging to information classes.
R2CNN++: Multi-Dimensional Attention Based Rotation Invariant Detector with Robust Anchor Strategy

Object detection plays a vital role in natural scene and aerial scene and is full of challenges. Although many advanced algorithms have succeeded in the natural scene, the progress in the aerial scene has been slow due to the complexity of the aerial image and the large degree of freedom of remote sensing objects in scale, orientation, and density. In this paper, a novel multi-category rotation detector is proposed, which can efficiently detect small objects, arbitrary direction objects, and dense objects in complex remote sensing images. Specifically, the proposed model adopts a targeted feature fusion strategy called inception fusion network, which fully considers factors such as feature fusion, anchor sampling, and receptive field to improve the ability to handle small objects. Then we combine the pixel attention network and the channel attention network to weaken the noise information and highlight the objects feature. Finally, the rotational object detection algorithm is realized by redefining the rotating bounding box. Experiments on public datasets including DOTA, NWPU VHR-10 demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. The code and models will be available at https://github.com/DetectionTeamUCAS/R2CNN-Plus-Plus_Tensorflow.
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Reduction in First Responders Resulting From an Individualized Lifestyle and Blood Test Program

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that a lifestyle program would improve risk factors linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in first responders. Methods: A 1-year cluster-randomized controlled clinical trial in 10 cities. Participants were 175 first responders, with increased waist circumference and/or low levels of large (&agr;1) high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. The intervention group received personalized online tools and access to telephonic coaching sessions. Results: At 1 year the intervention significantly reduced body weight (P = 0.004) and waist circumference (P = 0.002), increased &agr;1 HDL (P = 0.01), and decreased triglyceride (P = 0.005) and insulin concentrations (P = 0.03). Program adherence was associated with weight loss (P = 0.0005) and increases in &agr;1 HDL (P = 0.03). Conclusions: In first responders, a personalized lifestyle intervention significantly improved CVD risk factors in proportion to program adherence. Changes in large HDL particles were more sensitive indicators of lifestyle changes than HDL-cholesterol measurement. Clinical Trial Registration Number: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03322046