Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prolonged frozen storage of partially-baked wheat bread increases in vitro slowly digestible starch after final bake

Abstract We have studied the effect of the frozen storage time of industrially produced partially-baked wheat bread on starch digestibility, as the conventional production process is substantially modified for this type of bread, and alterations in its nutritional characteristics are therefore possible. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of frozen storage on in vitro starch digestibility of partially-baked bread after final bake, with the Englyst analytical method. The rapidly digestible starch, expressed as percentage of dry matter ± 95% confidence interval, fell significantly at 63 days, from 51.9 ± 2.9 to 42.7 ± 2.9 whereas the slowly digestible starch increased over this period, from 18.8 ± 5.5 to 29.9 ± 2.7 (P < 0.05). During the frozen storage, changes occur in the composition and structure of partially-baked bread, modifying the in vitro starch digestibility, with a significant reduction in rapidly digestible starch, which is associated with a lower glycaemic response.
The evaluation of discomfort produced by multiple frequency whole-body vibration.

Abstract The discomfort produced by multiple frequency whole-body vertical vibration has been studied in three expriments. Subjects were required to adjust the level of a 10 Hz sinusoidal vibration such that it produced a degree of discomfort equivalent to that caused by a variety of multiple frequency stimuli including motions containing predominant beats and up to four sinusoidal components. The levels of the 10 Hz vibration equivalent to the complex motions were always well predicted by the root mean square of the levels of 10 Hz equivalent to the individual sinusoidal components in the complex motion. Tho equivalent discomfort of the multiple frequency motions could therefore be determined by weighting the vibration spectrum with an electronic network having a frequency response given by the manner in which discomfort due to vibration varies with vibration frequency. The possibility of inhibition occurring in the response to multiple frequency motions was investigated and it was concluded that tho com.
Neurosurgical Management in Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most complex and diverse pathologic medical conditions. Each year, approximately 100,000 patients require neurosurgical evacuation of an intracranial hematoma in the United States. It is essential, early in the clinical course, to distinguish those patients with severe TBI who require operative intervention from those who can be managed with only conservative measures. The surgical technique employed is determined primarily by the specific underlying pathology in conjunction with the patient's other comorbidities.
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN LCCL–LECTIN DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN FAMILY IN PLASMODIUM BERGHEI

Using bioinformatic, proteomic, immunofluorescence, and genetic cross methods, we have functionally characterized a family of putative parasite ligands as potential mediators of cell–cell interactions. We name these proteins the Limulus clotting factor C, Coch-5b2, and Lgl1 (LCCL)–lectin adhesive–like protein (LAP) family. We demonstrate that this family is conserved amongst Plasmodium spp. It possesses a unique arrangement of adhesive protein domains normally associated with extracellular proteins. The proteins are expressed predominantly, though not exclusively, in the mosquito stages of the life cycle. We test the hypothesis that these proteins are surface proteins with 1 member of this gene family, lap1, and provide evidence that it is expressed on the surface of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. Finally, through genetic crosses of wild-type Pblap1+ and transgenic Pblap1− parasites, we show that the null phenotype previously reported for sporozoite development in a Pblap1− mutant can be rescued within a heterokaryotic oocyst and that infectious Pblap1− sporozoites can be formed. The mutant is not rescued by coparasitization of mosquitoes with a mixture Pblap1+ and Pblap1− homokaryotic oocysts.
Miradas sobre la formación del profesorado en tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC)

La formacion de los docentes en materias como las relacionadas con las tecnologias de la informacion y comunicacion (TIC), es una variable que ha preocupado a los teoricos y practicos de la educacion desde la aparicion de estas. Es por ello, que se presenta un analisis y revision critica los aspectos teoricos - conceptuales. Su desarrollo se sustenta, en la aplicacion de una investigacion descriptiva -documental, que permite considerar los fundamentos necesarios para dar una proyeccion innovadora con respecto a las propuestas de formacion de los docentes que desde diferentes contextos se demandan, asi como se impulsa sus disenos y programas formativos.
The essay as a lens on transition to university: student and staff perceptions of essay writing

The interplay between student and teacher expectations about the requirements for successful learning in higher education (HE) can impact on successful student outcomes. This study aims to identify and understand the expectations that first year university students have towards essay production during their acculturation to HE. By examining the expectations their teachers have towards essay production the extent of the alignment between the teacher and student expectations can be investigated. Furthermore, this study tentatively explores the impact that diverse educational backgrounds have on the formation of expectations for essay production between students and teachers in UK HE. This study identifies that although there are some areas of alignment between expectations of students and teachers, there are important differences related to plagiarism, interpreting essay questions, understanding marking criteria and the availability of writing support. The greatest differences appear not so much related to different educational backgrounds, but instead with time spent in higher education.
A Picture of the Moon's Atmosphere

Atomic sodium is a useful tracer of the tenuous lunar atmosphere because of its high efficiency in scattering sunlight at the D1 (5896 angstroms) and D2 (5890 angstroms) wavelengths. In 1988, Earth-based instruments revealed the presence of sodium at a density of less than 50 atoms per cubic centimeter at lunar altitudes below 100 kilometers. Telescopic observations that are made with a coronograph technique to block out the disk of the moon allow a true picture of the circumiunar atmosphere to be obtained and show the presence of sodium out to a distance of several lunar radii. The distribution of sodium has a solar zenith angle dependence, suggesting that most of the sodium that reaches great altitudes is liberated from the moon's surface by solar photons (by heating or sputtering) or by solar wind impact, in contrast to a source driven by uniform micrometeor bombardment.
TMEM88, CCL14 and CLEC3B as prognostic biomarkers for prognosis and palindromia of human hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most mortal and prevalent cancers with increasing incidence worldwide. Elucidating genetic driver genes for prognosis and palindromia of hepatocellular carcinoma helps managing clinical decisions for patients. In this study, the high-throughput RNA sequencing data on platform IlluminaHiSeq of hepatocellular carcinoma were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas with 330 primary hepatocellular carcinoma patient samples. Stable key genes with differential expressions were identified with which Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards test in R language. Driver genes influencing the prognosis of this disease were determined using clustering analysis. Functional analysis of driver genes was performed by literature search and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Finally, the selected driver genes were verified using external dataset GSE40873. A total of 5781 stable key genes were identified, including 156 genes definitely related to prognoses of hepatocellular carcinoma. Based on the significant key genes, samples were grouped into five clusters which were further integrated into high- and low-risk classes based on clinical features. TMEM88, CCL14, and CLEC3B were selected as driver genes which clustered high-/low-risk patients successfully (generally, p = 0.0005124445). Finally, survival analysis of the high-/low-risk samples from external database illustrated significant difference with p value 0.0198. In conclusion, TMEM88, CCL14, and CLEC3B genes were stable and available in predicting the survival and palindromia time of hepatocellular carcinoma. These genes could function as potential prognostic genes contributing to improve patients’ outcomes and survival.
Factors Affecting the Disposition Effect in Tehran Stock Market

Given the significance and perceived inevitability of disposition effect and its impact on investment decisions, we investigate factors affecting the disposition effect in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Four hypotheses were developed and the data used in the study were collected through availability sampling. One-sample t-test, two-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were run to analyze the data while Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions were used to assess relationships among variables in question. The results of the analyses indicate that overconfidence and mental accounting were not significantly correlated with disposition effect. Regret aversion had a positive relationship with disposition effect while self control was negatively associated. It was also observed that there was a negative relationship between participants’ level of education and their disposition effect indicating that the higher the level of education, the less the rate of disposition effect. Furthermore, the results of the study show that males enjoy a higher level of overconfidence than females, and 20 to 30 year-old age groups displayed much overconfidence than other age groups.
Response of broilers to graded levels of microbial phytase added to maize–soyabean-meal-based diets containing three levels of non-phytate phosphorus

Male 1-d-old broilers (n 920) were given 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 U microbial pbytase/kg diet in combination with 2·0, 2·7 or 3·4 g non-phytate P (nP)/kg or 4·0, 5·1 or 5·8 g total P (tP)/kg in a 21 d trial to assess the effectiveness of phytase in a maize–soyabean-meal diet. In addition to the above twenty-one diets, a positive control P diet supplied 4·5 g nP/kg, 6·9 g tP/kg and 10 g Ca/kg. The basal diet contained 230g crude protein/kg, 8·8 g Ca/kg, 4·4 g tP/Fg and 2/0 g nP/kg. Defluorinated phosphate and limestone were used to supply P and Ca. A Ca:tP ratio of 2:l was maintained except in the positive control diet which had a ratio of 1·45: 1. Phytase additions linearly increased (P < 0·01) body-weight (SW) gain, feed intake, toe ash percentage, and apparent retention (% of intake) or total amount (g/bird) of retained Ca and P, and linearly decreased (P < 0·01) P excretion (g/kg of DM intake) at each level of nP with the magnitude of the response inversely related to the level of nP. Above-normal mortality was only observed in the group receiving 2·0 g nP/kg diet without phytase. Adding nP linearly increased (P < 0·01) BW gain, feed intake, toe ash percentage, Ca retention, total amount (g/bird) of P retained, and P excretion, and iinearly decreased (P < 0·01) apparent retention (%) of P. Derived linear and non-linear equations for BW gain and toe ash percentage at the two lower nP levels, 2·0 and 2·7 g/kg, were used to calculate P equivalency value of microbial phytase. The results show that 939 U microbial phytase is equivalent to 1 g P from defluorinated phosphate in broilers fed on maize–soyabean-meal diets. The amount of P released per 100 U phytase decreased as the total amount of phytase increased.
Assessing the efficacy of low‐level image content descriptors for computer‐based fluorescence microscopy image analysis

The increasing prevalence of automated image acquisition systems and state‐of‐the‐art information technology has enabled new types of microscopy experiments based on automatic processing of massive image data sets, and numerous methods of high‐content screening using machine vision and pattern recognition methods have been proposed. However, as a relatively young discipline, it is important to validate these methods and ensure that the machine vision and pattern recognition techniques reliably reflect the actual morphology, and can be effectively used for finding and validating scientific discoveries. In this report we show that some of the previously reported experimental results using automatic microscopy image analysis might be biased, and discuss practices and methods that can be used to obtain objective and reliable automatic analysis of microscopy images.
The Role of Energy, Nutrients, Foods, and Dietary Patterns in the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

OBJECTIVE Diet may influence the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but inconsistent findings have been reported. The purpose of this study was to synthesize evidence from observational studies on the associations between dietary factors and GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Medline and Embase were searched for articles published until January 2015. We included observational studies of reproductive-aged women that reported on associations of maternal dietary intake before or during pregnancy, including energy, nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns, with GDM. All relevant results were extracted from each article. The number of comparable studies that adjusted for confounders was insufficient to perform a meta-analysis. RESULTS The systematic review included 34 articles comprising 21 individual studies (10 prospective cohort, 6 cross-sectional, and 5 case-control). A limited number of prospective cohort studies adjusting for confounders indicated associations with a higher risk of GDM for replacing 1–5% of energy from carbohydrates with fat and for high consumption of cholesterol (≥300 mg/day), heme iron (≥1.1 mg/day), red and processed meat (increment of 1 serving/day), and eggs (≥7 per week). A dietary pattern rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and fish and low in red and processed meat, refined grains, and high-fat dairy was found to be beneficial. The current evidence is based on a limited number of studies that are heterogeneous in design, exposure, and outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS The findings support current dietary guidelines to limit consumption of foods containing saturated fat and cholesterol, such as processed meat and eggs, as part of an overall balanced diet. Further large prospective studies are warranted.
Philadelphia Chromosome-positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Elderly: Prognostic Factors and Treatment Outcome

Abstract Data on all patients diagnosed with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) aged 55 or older, seen in our institution over a 17-year period, were studied to determine the incidence and range of clinical and biological subtypes, and the outcome of different therapeutic approaches. Twenty-five Ph+ ALL cases (median age: 64 years) were diagnosed between 1986 and 2003 (28% of all B-lineage elderly ALL seen during this period). Karyotypic analysis was performed successfully in 22 cases, while 3 were only diagnosed by molecular biology analysis. All patients had B-cell lineage ALL. Co-expression of myeloid markers was observed in 20% of tested cases. One patient died before chemotherapy could be given. All other patients received "curative" treatment according to different protocols used during the period of study. Overall the complete remission (CR) rate was 76% (95% confidence interval, CI: 55-91%). Fifteen patients achieved CR after one course of chemotherapy and 4 patients after salvage therapy. Median disease-free survival (DFS) of the entire cohort was 5.6 months (95% CI: 4.5-8.4 months) and median overall survival was 10.1 months (95% CI: 7.9-13 months). In multivariate analysis, age≥70 years was of poor prognostic value for achieving CR ( p =0.05) and hyperleukocytosis at diagnosis was of poor prognostic value for overall survival ( p =0.001). Overall survival duration was not significantly influenced by achieving CR. Ph+ ALL patients did not show a significant difference in terms of outcome as compared with Philadelphia-negative ALL patients. The very poor overall outcome in elderly patients with Ph+ ALL may be significantly improved by the introduction of imatinib mesylate into current treatment regimens.
New & efficient low overheads algorithm for mobile distributed systems

Determining the global state of distributed systems is an important problem in the absence of global memory and global clocks. Several algorithms have been proposed for collecting global states in mobile distributed systms. The new algorithm uses a different approach to represent the dependencies of each process during the communication between the two processes. Although the proposed improvement is simple and easy to implement, it significantly reduce the message overhead during the communications in distributed mobile systems which is a key requirement because low bandwidth is a key issue in mobile distributed systems.
Hyaluromycin, a New Hyaluronidase Inhibitor of Polyketide Origin from Marine Streptomyces sp.

Hyaluromycin (1), a new member of the rubromycin family of antibiotics, was isolated from the culture extract of a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. as a HAase inhibitor on the basis of HAase activity screening. The structure of 1 was elucidated through the interpretation of NMR data for the compound and its 3″-O-methyl derivative in combination with an incorporation experiment with [1,2-13C2]acetate. The compound’s absolute configuration was determined by the comparison of its circular dichroism (CD) spectrum with those of other rubromycins. Hyaluromycin (1) consists of a γ-rubromycin core structure possessing a 2-amino-3-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone (C5N) unit as an amide substituent of the carboxyl function; both structural units have been reported only from actinomycetes. Hyaluromycin (1) displayed approximately 25-fold more potent hyaluronidase inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase than did glycyrrhizin, a known inhibitor of plant origin.
Confucian Values, Negative Life Events, and Rural Young Suicide with Major Depression in China

The aim of this research was to understand the characteristics of rural young suicides with major depression in China and the relationship of these events with Confucian values and negative life events. Our cases were 90 rural suicides with major depression with victims aged 15 to 34 years and living matched controls of the same gender, age (within 3 years), and county of residence. Confucian values appear to be a protective factor for men but a risk factor for women with regard to suicide with major depression. More attention should be paid to Confucian values in suicide prevention efforts.
Thermal Conductivity Characterization of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite

The main focus of this study is on thermal conductivity characterization of bamboo fiber reinforced composite by varying volume fraction, temperature and fiber angles (0 0 , 45 0 and 90 0 ). Bamboo fibers are extracted from its stem using retting and mechanical extraction procedure. These extracted fibers are used as reinforcement in polyester resin matrix for making partially green biodegradable material composite via hand lay-up technique. The thermal conductivity characterization of composites is investigated experimentally by a guarded heat flow meter method. The results show that the thermal conductivity of composite decreases with increase in fiber content and quite opposite trend was observed with respect to temperature. Moreover, the experimental results of composites at different volume fractions were compared with two different theoretical models (E-S Model and Rule of Mixture Model). Good agreement between theoretical and experimental results has been observed. On the other hand, the variation in thermal conductivity with respect to fiber orientation also showed significant effect on thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivities of bamboo fiber reinforced composite at maximum volume fractions are 0.185W/mk,0.189W/mK and 0.196W/mK for fiber angles of 0 0 , 45 0 and 90 0 respectively. The results of this study indicate that the developed composite is an insulating material. Therefore, this composite can be used in building and automotive industry to save energy by reducing rate of heat transfer.
Outcome predictors for the cognitive behavior treatment of bulimia nervosa: data from a multisite study.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to discover clinically useful predictors of attrition and outcome in the treatment of bulimia nervosa with cognitive behavior therapy. METHOD Pretreatment, course of treatment, and outcome data were gathered on 194 women meeting the DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa who were treated with 18 sessions of manual-based cognitive behavior therapy in a three-site study. Differences between dropouts and nondropouts and between recovered and nonrecovered participants were first examined descriptively, and signal detection analyses were then used to determine clinically significant cutoff points predicting attrition and abstinence. RESULTS The dropouts were characterized by more severe bulimic cognitions and greater impulsivity, but it was not possible to identify clinically useful predictors. The participants with treatment failures were characterized by poor social adjustment and a lower body mass index, presumably indicating greater dietary restriction. However, early progress in therapy best predicted outcome. Signal detection analyses revealed that poor outcome was predicted by a reduction in purging of less than 70% by treatment session 6, allowing identification of a substantial proportion of prospective failures. CONCLUSIONS A cutoff point based on reduction of purging by session 6 usefully differentiates patients who will and will not respond to cognitive behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa, potentially allowing early use of a second therapy.