Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parental Involvement and the Black–White Discipline Gap: The Role of Parental Social and Cultural Capital in American Schools

Discipline disproportionality is the overuse of exclusionary discipline, such as suspension and expulsion, on Black students in American schools. This study adds to the literature by examining how parental involvement affects racial disparities in disciplinary outcomes in in-school suspension and by theoretically analyzing how parents’ social and cultural capital affect student disciplinary outcomes. The study uses Hayes’s dimensions of parental involvement as potential moderators between race and exclusionary discipline: achievement values, home-based involvement, and school-based involvement. Using base year data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 (n = 15,362), a logistic regression model examines the three parental involvement dimensions as moderators of race and suspension. Two of the three dimensions significantly moderate the relationship between race and suspension. Both moderators are associated with a higher rate of discipline disproportionality. The analysis suggests that even while Black parents act as “adept managers” of capital, schools are still marginalizing the nondominant forms of capital that Black parents have.
Diode laser application in soft tissue oral surgery.

INTRODUCTION Diode laser with wavelengths ranging from 810 to 980 nm in a continuous or pulsed mode was used as a possible instrument for soft tissue surgery in the oral cavity. DISCUSSION Diode laser is one of laser systems in which photons are produced by electric current with wavelengths of 810, 940 and 980nm. The application of diode laser in soft tissue oral surgery has been evaluated from a safety point of view, for facial pigmentation and vascular lesions and in oral surgery excision; for example frenectomy, epulis fissuratum and fibroma. The advantages of laser application are that it provides relatively bloodless surgical and post surgical courses with minimal swelling and scarring. We used diode laser for excisional biopsy of pyogenic granuloma and gingival pigmentation. CONCLUSION The diode laser can be used as a modality for oral soft tissue surgery.
DNA Immunization by Plasmodium falciparum Liver-Stage Antigen 3 Induces Protection againstPlasmodium yoelii Sporozoite Challenge

ABSTRACT DNA-based immunization of mice by Plasmodium falciparumliver-stage antigen 3 (PfLSA3), a novel highly conserved P. falciparum preerythrocytic antigen, was evaluated. Animals developed a dominant Th1 immune response (high gamma interferon T-cell responses and predominance of immunoglobulin G2a) to each of three recombinant proteins spanning the molecule. We have exploited the immunological cross-reactivity of PfLSA3 with its putative homologue on sporozoites of the rodent parasite Plasmodium yoelii, and we show for the first time that responses induced by PfLSA3 in mice significantly protect against a heterologous challenge by P. yoelii sporozoites. These results support a significant effect of DNA-induced immune responses on preerythrocytic stages.
Lead and Conduct Problems: A Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis examined the association between conduct problems and lead exposure. Nineteen studies on 8,561 children and adolescents were included. The average r across all 19 studies was . 19 (p < .001), which is considered a medium effect size. Studies that assessed lead exposure using hair element analysis yielded considerably larger effect sizes than those that assessed lead exposure using blood, tooth, or bone lead levels. Excluding the 3 hair analysis studies, the average r was . 15 (p < .001). The age of the participants did not significantly moderate the relation between lead exposure and conduct problems. Overall, the relation between lead exposure and conduct problems was strikingly similar in magnitude to the relation between lead exposure and decreased IQ.
Strategic Control Over Extent and Timing of Distractor-Based Response Activation

In choice reaction time (RT) tasks, performance is often influenced by the presence of nominally irrelevant stimuli, referred to as distractors. Recent research provided evidence that distractor processing can be adjusted to the utility of the distractors: Distractors predictive of the upcoming target/response were more attended to and also elicited stronger motor responses. In an event-related potential (ERP) study, we investigated whether not only the extent of distractor processing (as suggested by these previous results), but also the timing of distractor-based response activation is subject to strategic control. In a temporal flanker task, in which a distractor stimulus preceded the target, we manipulated distractor utility (i.e., by varying the proportion of congruent distractor–target combinations, 75% vs. 25%) as well as the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between distractors and targets (350 ms vs. 1,000 ms) in different blocks of trials. The distractor-locked lateralized readiness potential (LRP) was overall larger in blocks with a high proportion of congruent trials indicating stronger distractor-based response activation when distractor utility was high. Of importance, the LRPs occurred overall later when the SOA was long. This suggests that distractor-based response activation can be postponed and thus adjusted to the temporal factors of the context. Modulations of early visual potentials (P1 and N1) indicate that this postponement of motor activation is related to both sensory-perceptual downgrading of distractor stimuli and reduced activation of task-relevant stimulus–response transformation processes at the time of distractor perception.
The immediate effect of vaginal and caesarean delivery on anal sphincter measurements

Objective This study evaluated the effects of vaginal and caesarean delivery on internal and external anal sphincter muscle thickness using translabial ultrasonography (TL-US). Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled nulliparous women who either had vaginal or caesarean deliveries. The thickness of the hypoechoic internal anal sphincter (IAS) and hyperechoic external anal sphincter (EAS) at the 12, 3, 6, and 9 o’clock positions at the distal level were measured before delivery and within 24–48 h after delivery. Results A total 105 consecutive women were enrolled in the study: 60 in the vaginal delivery group and 45 in the caesarean delivery group. The IAS muscle thickness at the 12 o’clock position in the vaginal delivery group was significantly thicker before compared with after delivery (mean ± SD: 2.31 ± 0.74 mm versus 1.81 ± 0.64 mm, respectively). The EAS muscle thickness at the 12 o’clock position in the vaginal delivery group was significantly thicker before compared with after delivery (mean ± SD: 2.42 ± 0.64 mm versus 1.97 ± 0.85, respectively). Conclusions There was significant muscle thinning of both the IAS and EAS at the 12 o’clock position after vaginal delivery, but not after caesarean delivery.
Evaluation of a new universal primer for ceramics and alloys.

PURPOSE To evaluate in vitro the effect of using a universal primer on the resin bond strength to ceramics (silicate and zirconia) and two noble alloys for metal-ceramic restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disk-like specimens made of four dental restoration materials (silicate ceramic, zirconia ceramic, gold-based alloy and palladium-based alloy) were ground with abrasive paper, prepared for bonding (silicate ceramic: etching with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 60 s; the other materials: air abrasion with 50-µm Al2O3 at 2.5 bar) and ultrasonically cleaned in 96% isopropanol. Eight specimens of each material were primed with a universal primer, 8 specimens were primed with a well-established material-specific method (silicate ceramic: silanization; zirconia ceramic: phosphate monomer-containing primer; alloys: sulfuric monomer-containing primer). Plexiglas tubes filled with a composite resin were bonded to the specimens using an alignment apparatus and a composite luting resin. After storage in 37°C tap water for three days, or 167 days with additional thermocycling, tensile bond strength (TBS) was measured in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min. RESULTS After 167 days of storage, median TBS values for each material were (well-established method/universal primer) 40 MPa/37 MPa (silicate ceramic), 41 MPa/41 MPa (zirconia ceramic), 20 MPa/17 MPa (gold-based alloy), and 20 MPa/19 MPa (palladium-based alloy). Statistical analysis revealed no statistically significant differences among control groups and test groups. CONCLUSION The universal primer seems to be a promising alternative compared to using three different primers for alloys, silicate and zirconia ceramics.
Can we predict daily adherence to warfarin?: Results from the International Normalized Ratio Adherence and Genetics (IN-RANGE) Study.

BACKGROUND Warfarin is the primary therapy to prevent stroke and venous thromboembolism. Significant periods of nonadherence frequently go unreported by patients and undetected by providers. Currently, no comprehensive screening tool exists to help providers assess the risk of nonadherence at the time of initiation of warfarin therapy. METHODS This article reports on a prospective cohort study of adults initiating warfarin therapy at two anticoagulation clinics (university- and Veterans Affairs-affiliated). Nonadherence, defined by failure to record a correct daily pill bottle opening, was measured daily by electronic pill cap monitoring. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to develop a point system to predict daily nonadherence to warfarin. RESULTS We followed 114 subjects for a median of 141 days. Median nonadherence of the participants was 14.4% (interquartile range [IQR], 5.8-33.8). A point system, based on nine demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors, distinguished those demonstrating low vs high levels of nonadherence: four points or fewer, median nonadherence 5.8% (IQR, 2.3-14.1); five points, 9.1% (IQR, 5.9-28.6); six points, 14.5% (IQR, 7.1-24.1); seven points, 14.7% (IQR, 7.0-34.7); and eight points or more, 29.3% (IQR, 15.5-41.9). The model produces a c-statistic of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.61-0.71), suggesting modest discriminating ability to predict day-level warfarin nonadherence. CONCLUSIONS Poor adherence to warfarin is common. A screening tool based on nine demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors, if further validated in other patient populations, may help to identify groups of patients at lower risk for nonadherence so that intensified efforts at increased monitoring and intervention can be focused on higher-risk patients.
High contribution of Pelagibacterales to bacterial community composition and activity in spring blooms off Kerguelen Island (Southern Ocean)

The ecology of Pelagibacterales (SAR11 clade), the most abundant bacterial group in the ocean, has been intensively studied in temperate and tropical ocean regions, but the distribution patterns of this clade remains largely unexplored in the Southern Ocean. Through amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes, we assessed the contribution of Pelagibacterales to bacterial community composition in the naturally iron fertilized region off Kerguelen Island (Southern Ocean). We investigated the upper 300 m water column at seven sites located in early spring phytoplankton blooms and at one site in HNLC waters. Despite pronounced vertical patterns of the bacterioplankton assemblages, the SAR11 clade had high relative abundances at all depths and sites, averaging 40% (±15%) of the total community relative abundance. Micro-autoradiography combined with CARD-FISH further revealed that the SAR11 clade contributed substantially (45-60% in surface waters) to bacterial biomass production (as determined by 3H leucine incorporation). A clear niche partitioning of the further resolved SAR11 subclades was observed with depth layers, but differences among sites were detectable for only a few subclades. Our study provides novel observations of the distribution and contribution to the marine carbon cycle of the SAR11 clade in the cold waters of the Southern Ocean.
Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in rural communities of Himachal Pradesh.

PURPOSE There is no community based study of prevalence of hypertension from Himachal Pradesh, so we undertook this study. METHODS AND RESULTS Population based survey was done in three villages of Himachal Pradesh of different Districts. Total 1092 adults of > or =18 years of age were examined. 507 (46.42%) were males and 573 (52.47%) were females. 392 (35.89%) were found to have hypertension (39.8% in males and 33.15% in females). 267 had their blood pressure in pre-hypertensive range (24.45%). Only 433 (39.6%) had their blood pressure in normal range. 84 (21.98%) of 392 hypertensive persons were aware of their hypertensive status and only 17 of these 84 (20.23%) had their blood pressure under control. CONCLUSION Prevalence of hypertension was higher than the national average. Only one fifth of hypertensive persons were aware of their disease and only fifth of these had their blood pressure under control.
Ligand‐Independent Degradation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Involves Receptor Ubiquitylation and Hgs, an Adaptor Whose Ubiquitin‐Interacting Motif Targets Ubiquitylation by Nedd4

Ligand‐dependent endocytosis of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) involves recruitment of a ubiquitin ligase, and sorting of ubiquitylated receptors to lysosomal degradation. By studying Hgs, a mammalian homolog of a yeast vacuolar‐sorting adaptor, we provide information on the less understood, ligand‐independent pathway of receptor endocytosis and degradation. Constitutive endocytosis involves receptor ubiquitylation and translocation to Hgs‐containing endosomes. Whereas the lipid‐binding motif of Hgs is necessary for receptor endocytosis, the ubiquitin‐interacting motif negatively regulates receptor degradation. We demonstrate that the ubiquitin‐interacting motif is endowed with two functions: it binds ubiquitylated proteins and it targets self‐ubiquitylation by recruiting Nedd4, an ubiquitin ligase previously implicated in endocytosis. Based upon the dual function of the ubiquitin‐interacting motif and its wide occurrence in endocytic adaptors, we propose a ubiquitin‐interacting motif network that relays ubiquitylated membrane receptors to lysosomal degradation through successive budding events.
Mechanistic insights into the more potent effect of KP-54 compared to KP-10 in vivo

Kisspeptins regulate the mammalian reproductive axis by stimulating release of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH). Different length kisspeptins (KP) are found of 54, 14, 13 or 10 amino-acids which share a common C-terminal 10-amino acid sequence. KP-54 and KP-10 have been widely used to stimulate the reproductive axis but data suggest that KP-54 and KP-10 are not equally effective at eliciting reproductive hormone secretion after peripheral delivery. To confirm this, we analysed the effect of systemic administration of KP-54 or KP-10 on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion into the bloodstream of male mice. Plasma LH measurements 10 min or 2 hours after kisspeptin injection showed that KP-54 can sustain LH release far longer than KP-10, suggesting a differential mode of action of the two peptides. To investigate the mechanism for this, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics of the two peptides in vivo and their potential to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). We found that KP-54 has a half-life of ~32 min in the bloodstream, while KP-10 has a half-life of ~4 min. To compensate for this difference in half-life, we repeated injections of KP-10 every 10 min over 1 hr but failed to reproduce the sustained rise in LH observed after a single KP-54 injection, suggesting that the failure of KP-10 to sustain LH release may not just be related to peptide clearance. We tested the ability of peripherally administered KP-54 and KP-10 to activate c-FOS in GnRH neurons behind the blood brain barrier (BBB) and found that only KP-54 could do this. These data are consistent with KP-54 being able to cross the BBB and suggest that KP10 may be less able to do so.
Nutritional and hormonal regulation of lipogenic-enzyme gene expression in rat liver.

The first step in the pathway of long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis is mediated by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA. The second step is the conversion of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to long-chain fatty acids by the multifunctional enzyme fatty acid synthase in the presence of NADPH, the synthesis of which is catalyzed by malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. It is well known that the cellular content of these lipogenic enzymes varies greatly under different nutritional, hormonal and genetic conditions. Extensive studies on the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase have demonstrated that its catalytic activity is modulated by a number of metabolites and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the enzyme. A number of studies on the regulation of lipogenic enzyme levels have already been reviewed [1–8]. Moreover, the regulation of lipogenic-enzyme gene expression has recently been investigated and some information on lipogenic-enzyme gene expression is available [9–43]. Goodridge [15] has written an interesting review on hormonal regulation of the genes for malic enzyme and fatty acid synthase in avian liver.
Asthma Disease Management-Evidence-Based Medicine Must Be Dynamic

It seems reasonable for physicians and clinical pharmacists to protest, at least quietly, evidence-based medicine (EBM) for its potential to become cookbook medicine. At another level, EBM cannot be cookbook medicine because unlike recipes for cooking, the evidence in EBM is constantly changing. Perhaps, therein lies the critical distinction and the absolute need to view EBM as dynamic and continually changing as new evidence becomes available, is challenged, and survives scrutiny. In this issue of JMCP, Heaton et al. challenge the value of leukotriene modifiers (LM) in disease management of asthma. Based upon the 3 clinical outcomes of emergency room visits, hospitalizations for asthma, and the use of oral prednisone (�steroid burst�) to indicate exacerbation of asthma, these authors concluded that LM use was not more effective than nonuse. Worse than no improvement in these 3 clinical outcomes, LM users appeared to have more ER visits, a higher rate of hospitalization, and a higher rate of use of oral prednisone bursts. Heaton et al. calculated that LM use added $1.63 per patient per month (PPPM) in costs (in 2002 dollars) for these 3 clinical outcomes compared with LM nonusers diagnosed with asthma.
Detection of the eaeA Gene in Escherichia coli from chickens by Polymerase Chain Reaction

The aim of this study was to isolate Escherichia coli from chickens and to determine the presence of the eaeA gene, a virulence factor detected in E. coli, in the isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Different chicken organs were inoculated onto blood agar and biochemical tests were performed on the suspicious isolates. E. coli was isolated from 48% (48/100) of the samples. DNA was extracted from these isolates and was amplified by PCR, using a pair of primers derived from the eaeA (virulence) gene. In the agarose gel examination of PCR products, 48% (48/100) of the isolates were determined to have this virulence factor.
Essential oils – prospective candidates for antifungal treatment?

ABSTRACT A rise in mortality due to fungal infections in immunocompromised population has been observed lately. The possibility of having no effective antifungal agent in the future is worrisome owing to the rapidly developing resistance of pathogenic fungi to the currently available antifungal agents. Therefore, we are in dire need of coming up with newer strategies that involve reliable agents for the treatment of fungal diseases. Essential oils are known for their anti-microbial properties. They are hydrophobic secondary metabolites in plants and are multi-component in nature. The review herein discusses the antifungal potential of various essential oils investigated in different studies against four pathogenic fungi, namely Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus and Fusarium, which are known to be the common cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients. Of note, the oils of Melaleuca, Cymbopogon, Cinnamomum and Thymus genera have been found to have a remarkable antifungal activity against these pathogenic fungi.
The Efficacy of Prophylactic Ondansetron, Droperidol, Perphenazine, and Metoclopramide in the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting After Major Gynecologic Surgery

The prophylactic antiemetic efficacy of intravenous (IV) ondansetron, droperidol, perphenazine, and metoclopramide was evaluated in a prospective, doubleblind study of 360 ASA physical status I-III patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). Subjects were randomized to receive IV, one of ondansetron 4 mg, droperidol 1.25 mg, perphenazine 5 mg, metoclopramide 10 mg, or placebo prior to induction of anesthesia. Hypotension immediately after administration of metoclopramide was observed in two patients and four patients given ondansetron developed profound systolic hypotension at induction of anesthesia. Twenty-two percent of patients receiving droperidol became sedated. Postoperatively, patients developing severe nausea, retching, or vomiting, defined as severe emetic sequelae (SES), were deemed to have failed antiemetic prophylaxis and received antiemetic rescue. A significantly larger number of patients who received IV ondansetron (63%), droperidol (76%), and perphenazine (70%) were free of SES when compared to placebo (43%); P < 0.05. Metoclopramide was ineffective. Although ondansetron, droperidol, and perphenazine were effective in providing antiemetic prophylaxis, only IV perphenazine was free of side effects. Hence, we conclude that perphenazine is the best choice for antiemetic prophylaxis after TAH. (Anesth Analg 1995;81:139-43)
"Undifferentiated" neoplasms of the sinonasal region: differential diagnosis based on clinical, light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features.

Sinonasal neoplasms and neoplasm-like proliferations composed of light microscopically poorly differentiated or undifferentiated, small- to medium-sized cells cause considerable diagnostic confusion. Lesions in this category include lymphoepithelioma (undifferentiated carcinoma), olfactory neuroblastoma, small-cell undifferentiated (oat cell) carcinoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, malignant melanoma, pituitary adenoma, lymphoid hyperplasia, malignant lymphoma, plasmacytoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, rhabdomyosarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, small cell osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. Many of these lesions can be definitively diagnosed based on light microscopic features alone, but, in some instances, additional techniques such as immunohistochemistry are of value. The authors review the pertinent clinicopathologic features of the above lesions, with emphasis on light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of particular utility in differential diagnosis.
Review of energy routers applied for the energy internet integrating renewable energy

A technical review of energy routers applied in the future energy internet is carried out in this paper. The energy router (E-router) as a critical equipment of the energy internet can better solve changes of the power dispatching and management caused by a variety of distributed renewable energy sources accessing to low-voltage distribution networks. Basic design considerations and components of the E-router in terms of power conversions, energy management and communication are summarized in details. This paper classifies the E-router according to different applications and further analyzes the function structures and the implementation of different types of the E-router, which shows key components/technologies are solid state transformers, multiport-converters and time-division multiplex transmission respectively.