Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel Data Envelopment Analysis model for solving supplier selection problems with undesirable outputs and lack of inputs

Supplier evaluation and selection problems are inherently multi-criteria decision problems. Numerous analytical techniques ranging from simple weighted scoring to complex mathematical programming approaches have been proposed to solve these problems. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been used to evaluate suppliers’ performance when there are multiple inputs and outputs in the supplier selection problem. The DEA determines the relative efficiencies of multiple suppliers. These relative efficiencies are then used to provide benchmarking data for reducing the number of suppliers. The DEA models used for supplier selection require numerical data for all the inputs and outputs for all the suppliers. However, this information may not be readily available in real-world problems. In this paper, we propose a novel DEA model that addresses this gap in the supplier evaluation literature. The proposed model can measure suppliers’ efficiency in problems exhibiting: the presence of undesirable outputs; the lack of input variables and the presence of zero or negative values in the data set. We also present a case study at Saipa, Iran’s second-largest car maker, to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework and exhibit the efficacy of the procedures and algorithms.
Valuing damage and losses in cultural assets after a disaster: concept paper and research options

This paper is a first conceptual discussion and proposal to formalize the inclusion of the valuation of cultural assets after a disaster. Over the last recent years ECLAC has, in several instances, attempted at valuating cultural assets damage and losses as incurred in the wake of disasters. The paper discusses first the existing debate on the valuation of cultural goods and services, describes the characteristics of cultural assets and their market and non-market values. It proceeds then to describe some valuation methods that have been applied to cultural assets in other contexts, including the quasi-valuation method, and describes the process of damage assessment. It concludes by summarizing the possibility of applying one or several of these methods as part of the well established ECLAC disaster impact assessment methodology1 and advances some recommendations and areas for turture research. The paper also includes an example of application of contingent valuation method in a particular case (Fes Medina in Morocco).
Mapping of Traffic-Related Air Pollution Using GIS Techniques in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria

Spatial and temporal characteristics of traffic related air pollutants (CO, NO, NO2 and SO2) in Ijebu-ode, Nigeria were determined using replicate portable gas detectors (Land Duo Multi Gas Monitor) at selected road junctions, motor garages and markets. Mapping of different concentration of air pollutants was carried out using kriging type of interpolation method in GIS environment. Concentration of CO ranges from 4.8 ppm at Erinlu/Molipa Roundabout to 137ppm on Sagamu/Ore Expressway. Concentrations of NO2 range from 100-662 ppb with overall average value (OAV) of 299.8 ppb, while concentration of nitrogen oxide (NO) ranges between 67-302 ppb and OAV of 166.23 ppb. SO2 had concentration ranging between 38-245 ppb and an OAV of 139.07 ppb all of which are above standard ambient air quality standards. AQI indicated very unhealthy air quality in most areas which calls for the need to establish and strengthen the health-based standard for air pollutants.
Basement structure of the Hontomín CO 2 storage site (Spain) determined by integration of microgravity and 3-D seismic data

Abstract. A multidisciplinary study has been carried out in Hontomin (Spain) to determine the basement structural setting, its geometry and the geometry of the sedimentary succession of an area aimed to be the first Spanish pilot plant for CO2 storage. An integration of coincident 3-D seismic results, borehole data and unpublished microgravity data were used to reproduce the deep structure and topography of the basement and to quantify the thickness of the Triassic Keuper evaporites. The subsurface structure is characterized by a half-graben setting filled with Keuper evaporites (up to 2000 m thick), forming an extensional forced fold. All data sets clearly identify two main fault systems, compartmentalizing the main structural domain into three differentiated blocks. These faults have been interpreted to be reactivated normal faults that have led to the formation of the Hontomin dome.
Disentangling distance decay of similarity from richness gradients: response to Soininen et al. 2007

Although great effort has been devoted to the descrip-tion of richness patterns (see, as most recent examples,Svenning and Skov 2007, Montoya et al. 2007, Reyjolet al. 2007, Whittaker et al. 2007), much less literatureon large scale beta diversity patterns is available (but seeQian et al. 2005). In a recent contribution, Soininenet al. (2007) performed an interesting meta-analysissearching for relationships between different predictorsand the decay of similarity with geographic distanceacross a wide range of organisms, ecosystems andgeographical gradients. Though the aim, objectivesand conceptual background of this paper are veryinteresting, ecologists should be aware of strong draw-back in their analytical framework that could poten-tially invalidate their major conclusions. One of theirmost remarkable results is the finding of a fasterdistance decay of similarity at higher latitudes, contra-dicting all current data and disagreeing Rapoport’s rule,which predicts a positive correlation between speciesrange size and latitude. I show here how the resultmay be produced by the confusing effect of richnessgradients combined with the selection of a simila-rity measure inappropriate for the hypothesis tested.Soininen et al. (2007) sought to describe beta diversitypatterns based on Sorensen similarity measure, which isknown to be strongly biased by richness patterns (Koleffet al. 2003). Soininen et al. (2007: p. 8) acknowledgedthat this characteristic of the Sorensen metric could be aproblem for the interpretation of their results whendiscussing the relation between similarity decay andlatitude. In fact, there is a problem in all their testsinvolving variables covariating with richness (as trophicposition or body weight, for example), because richnessgradients distort turnover patterns if the similaritymeasure (Sorensen in this case) incorporates differencesin richness as differences in composition. The solutionwould be to select a measure of beta diversity notinfluenced by richness differences.
Influence of General Anesthesia on Impulsivity and Learning Ability-Experimental Study

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of anesthesia on rats’ ability of learning and over their impulsivity. Material and Methods: We studied eight Wistar adult male rats, test and drug naive subjects. Animals were separated in two groups, group A and B with four members each. Group A included the anesthetized animals. The combination of ketamine, xylazine and piplophen in 2ml/kg body weight dosage was used and testing was done 24 hours after anesthesia. Group B was taken as control. The study was conducted using the ”Delay discounting” apparatus. Experiments assessing impulsive behavior were conducted using automated operant chambers, equipped with two nose-poke holes (holes where pellets of food were released). Rat’s answer was considered touching the nose-poke hole. One answer was rewarded with pellets of food of 45 mg each (small reward), while another hole released five pellets of 45 mg each (high reward). Both types of rewards were presented immediately after rat’s answer and were followed for a period of 25 seconds timeout. During the training phase, rats were placed in operant chambers 30 minutes per day, 5 consecutive days. The growing percent of preference for greater reward indicates learning. For the testing phase the procedure was similar, but a delay was introduced before the release of the big reward. During this phase, the preference for higher reward was indicative for non-impulsive behaviour. Results: The results didn’t show significant statistically differences between the two groups. Conclusions: Anesthesia had no effect on learning ability nor on impulsivity.
Necesidades cardiovasculares y metabólicas del fútbol sala: análisis de la competición

El futbol sala es un deporte colectivo, de colaboracion-oposicion, con una solicitacion energetica de tipo mixto intermitente (aerobica-anaerobica), una solicitacion muscular general dinamica alta y una solicitacion estatica baja-moderada. Se identifica con un tipo de esfuerzo fraccionado e intervalico con pausas de recuperacion incompletas activas y pasivas de duracion variable. El corazon, debido a las caracteristicas de este deporte es probablemente el organo que mas se solicita durante su practica, teniendo que realizar un gran trabajo cardiovascular El futbol sala esta teniendo una gran repercusion social en nuestro pais (actualmente existen 1.500.000 fichas federativas) pero las investigaciones sobre el mismo siguen siendo nulas o muy escasas. Nos planteamos la realizacion de un estudio cardiovascular y analisis de las necesidades energeticas que se produce con su practica regular En el estudio han participado 3 equipos, formando una muestra total de 33 jugadores: 14 profesionales y 19 no profesionales. Se registro la frecuencia cardiaca aproximadamente en unos 150 partidos. Todos ellos realizaron una prueba maxima de esfuerzo (Course-Navette) para determinar su frecuencia cardiaca maxima real (FCMR), su consumo maximo de oxigeno y su capacidad de recuperacion. Entre las conclusiones destacar que: El futbol sala tiene un componente anaerobico muy elevado y requiere una adaptacion cardiovascular entre el 85-90 % de la frecuencia cardiaca maxima individual. La practica del futbol sala requiere un adecuado VO2max y una buena capacidad de recuperacion. El jugador de futbol sala necesita una gran potencia y capacidad anaerobica alactica y una rapida regeneracion de los fosfagenos. Debe ser capaz de tener una buena tolerancia para soportar niveles medio-altos de acido lactico.
Accretion disc dynamos opened up by external magnetic fields

We show that a relatively weak poloidal external magnetic field, imposed in the outer parts of a Keplerian accretion disc, can open magnetic lines of a much stronger magnetic field generated by the dynamo in the inner disc. The resulting magnetic configuration can be favourable for launching a centrifugally driven wind. Even for a relatively weak external magnetic field (with energy density in excess of about only 10% of the thermal energy density at the outer disc radius) the geometry of the poloidal field in the disc neigbourhood is almost independent of the dynamo action, and is determined by the external field. The radial profile of the poloidal magnetic field on the disc surface is similar to that in the self-similar solution of Blandford & Payne (\cite{BP82}). We conclude that poloidal fields resulting from dynamo action can be important for launching a magneto-centrifugally driven outflow in accretion discs that occur in weakly magnetized environments, i.e. where an external field is too weak to be important. However, even a relatively weak external field can be wound up by the differential rotation to give a much stronger azimuthal field, and so modify dynamo action in the disc.
Feto-maternal outcomes in obstructed labor in Suhul General Hospital, North Ethiopia

Ethiopia is one of the countries with the highest maternal mortality rates, obstructed labor and its complications being the leading causes of maternal deaths in the country. This study was aimed at assessing feto-maternal outcomes in obstructed labor in Suhul General Hospital, North Ethiopia. Institution based cross-sectional study was carried out from May 1 to August 31, 2014 in Suhul General Hospital. All mothers who had given birth in the hospital during the study period were included in the study. Data were collected by using a pre tested structured questionnaire and checklists, entered into Epi Info version 7.1. 2.0 and finally transported in to SPSS version 20 software package for analysis. A total of 660 mothers had given birth in the hospital during the study period out of which 44(6.7%) were diagnosed as obstructed labor cases. More than 89% of the mothers with obstructed labor and about 93% of the babies born to them had developed at least one complication. Eighteen (40.9%) of the babies were stillbirths or had died immediately after delivery. Postpartum hemorrhaged and puerperal sepsis 25(56.8%) each and uterine rupture 11(25%) were the main maternal complications among the mothers with obstructed labor. Cesarean birth (68%), hysterectomy (20%), destructive delivery (7%) and repair of the ruptured uterus with bilateral tubal ligation in 5% were interventions done for the mothers with obstructed labor. Inaccessibility of vehicle road and time the women stayed at health centers before they were referred to the hospital have shown association with poor maternal outcomes in Fisher’s Exact test. Prevalence of obstructed labor in Suhul general hospital is high with high rate of maternal and fetal complications. Improving vehicle road accessibility and giving training for health centers delivery case teams on when to refer laboring mother to the hospitals is needed in order to decease proportion of Obstructed labor and it sequels. Key words: Obstructed labor, Ethiopia, low income country, maternal mortality.
An analytic solution for gust-aerofoil interaction noise including effects of geometry

An analytic solution is obtained for the sound generated by gust-aerofoil interaction for aerofoils with thickness, camber and angle of attack. The model is based on the linearization of the Euler equations about a steady subsonic flow, and is an extension of previous work which considered restrictive aerofoil geometries. Only high-frequency incident gusts are considered. The aerofoil thickness, camber and angle of attack are such that the steady flow past the aerofoil is seen as a small perturbation to uniform flow. The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to identify regions around the aerofoil where different processes govern the generation or propagation of sound. Key local regions at the leading and trailing edges of the aerofoil determine the generation of noise whilst transition regions along the rigid aerofoil surface, and outer regions away from the surface play key roles in the propagation of sound. The effects of varying thickness and camber angle are discussed, along with the effects of varying the radius of the leading edge.
Rapid expansion and potential range of the invasive kelp Undaria pinnatifida in the Southwest Atlantic.

Coastal Patagonia, often regarded as a pristine area of the world, has been invaded by non-indigenous species that are rapidly modifying local ecosystems. One of the most conspicuous invaders is the kelp Undaria pinnatifida. First recorded near the city of Puerto Madryn (Argentina, 42.75°S) in 1992, Undaria’s range has expanded more than five degrees of latitude to the south during the last 15 years. By 2007 it was first detected north of Valdes Peninsula (a natural barrier to dispersal), beginning its northward expansion, and between 2007 and 2011 spread along the coasts of San Jose and San Matias gulfs at an average rate of ~50 km yr -1 . A small population was detected in Mar del Plata (Argentina, 38.04°S) in 2011, more than three degrees of latitude to the north, suggesting a new human-mediated inoculation. A thermal tolerance window is hypothesized based on experimental information and remotely sensed sea-surface temperature (SST) at the latitudinal range limits of U. pinnatifida populations worldwide. The window is defined by average SSTs ranging between -0.6 °C and 16.8 °C in the coldest month, and between 13°C and 28°C in the warmest month. Using climatologic satellite SST from several locations, a potential latitudinal thermal range extending between Puerto Deseado (Argentina, 47.75°S) and Cape Torres (Brazil; 29.35°S) is predicted. Salinity and substrate quality however constrain suitable habitat in the Southwest Atlantic to discrete stretches of coastline, suggesting that the northern potential boundary would be around La Coronilla (33.90°S), on the Uruguayan coast.
Entire solutions of the KPP equation

This paper deals with the solutions defined for all time of the KPP equation ut = uxx+ f(u); 0 0, f 0 (1) 0i n(0; 1), and f 0 (s) f 0 (0) in [0; 1]. This equation admits infinitely many traveling-wave-type solutions, increasing or decreasing in x . I t also admits solutions that depend only on t. In this paper, we build four other manifolds of solutions: One is 5-dimensional, one is 4-dimensional, and two are 3-dimensional. Some of these new solutions are obtained by considering two traveling waves that come from both sides of the real axis and mix. Furthermore, the traveling-wave solutions are on the boundary of these four manifolds. c 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CALIPSO lidar calibration at 1064 nm: version 4 algorithm

Abstract. Radiometric calibration of space-based elastic backscatter lidars is accomplished by comparing the measured backscatter signals to theoretically expected signals computed for some well-characterized calibration target. For any given system and wavelength, the choice of calibration target is dictated by several considerations, including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and target availability. This paper describes the newly implemented procedures used to calibrate the 1064 nm measurements acquired by CALIOP (i.e., the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization), the two-wavelength (532 and 1064 nm) elastic backscatter lidar currently flying on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission. CALIOP's 532 nm channel is accurately calibrated by normalizing the molecular backscatter from the uppermost aerosol-free altitudes of the CALIOP measurement region to molecular model data obtained from NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office. However, because CALIOP's SNR for molecular backscatter measurements is prohibitively lower at 1064 nm than at 532 nm, the direct high-altitude molecular normalization method is not a viable option at 1064 nm. Instead, CALIOP's 1064 nm channel is calibrated relative to the 532 nm channel using the backscatter from a carefully selected subset of cirrus cloud measurements. In this paper we deliver a full account of the revised 1064 nm calibration algorithms implemented for the version 4.1 (V4) release of the CALIPSO lidar data products, with particular emphases on the physical basis for the selection of “calibration quality” cirrus clouds and on the new averaging scheme required to characterize intra-orbit calibration variability. The V4 procedures introduce latitudinally varying changes in the 1064 nm calibration coefficients of 25 % or more, relative to previous data releases, and are shown to substantially improve the accuracy of the V4 1064 nm attenuated backscatter coefficients. By evaluating calibration coefficients derived using both water clouds and ocean surfaces as alternate calibration targets, and through comparisons to independent, collocated measurements made by airborne high spectral resolution lidar, we conclude that the CALIOP V4 1064 nm calibration coefficients are accurate to within 3 %.
The global land shortwave cryosphere radiative effect during the MODIS era

Abstract. The shortwave cryosphere radiative effect (CrRE) is the instantaneous influence of snow and ice cover on Earth's top-of-atmosphere (TOA) solar energy budget. Here, we apply measurements from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), combined with microwave retrievals of snow presence and radiative kernels produced from four different models, to derive CrRE over global land during 2001–2013. We estimate global annual-mean land CrRE during this period of −2.6 W m−2, with variations from −2.2 to −3.0 W m−2 resulting from use of different kernels and variations of −2.4 to −2.6 W m−2 resulting from different algorithmic determinations of snow presence and surface albedo. Slightly more than half of the global land CrRE originates from perennial snow on Antarctica, whereas the majority of the northern hemispheric effect originates from seasonal snow. Consequently, the northern hemispheric land CrRE peaks at −6.0 W m−2 in April, whereas the southern hemispheric effect more closely follows the austral insolation cycle, peaking at −9.0 W m−2 in December. Mountain glaciers resolved in 0.05° MODIS data contribute about −0.037 W m−2 (1.4 %) of the global effect, with the majority (94 %) of this contribution originating from the Himalayas. Interannual trends in the global annual-mean land CrRE are not statistically significant during the MODIS era, but trends are positive (less negative) over large areas of northern Asia, especially during spring, and slightly negative over Antarctica, possibly due to increased snowfall. During a common overlap period of 2001–2008, our MODIS estimates of the northern hemispheric land CrRE are about 18 % smaller (less negative) than previous estimates derived from coarse-resolution AVHRR data, though interannual variations are well correlated (r = 0.78), indicating that these data are useful in determining longer-term trends in land CrRE.
Explicit and parametrised representation of under ice shelf seas in a z* coordinate ocean model NEMO 3.6

Ice shelf/ocean interactions are a major source of fresh water on the Antarctic continental shelf and have a strong impact on ocean properties, ocean circulation and sea ice. However, climate models based on the ocean/sea ice model NEMO currently do not include these interactions in any detail. The capability of explicitly simulating the circulation beneath ice shelves is introduced in the non-linear free surface model NEMO. Its implementation into the NEMO framework and its assessment in an idealised and realistic circum-Antarctic configuration is described in this study. Compared with the current prescription of ice shelf melting (i.e. at the surface) inclusion of open sub-ice-shelf leads to a decrease sea ice thickness along the coast, a weakening of the ocean stratification on the shelf, a decrease in salinity of HSSW on the Ross and Weddell Sea shelves and an increase in the strength of the gyres that circulate within the over-deepened basins on the West Antarctic continental shelf. Mimicking the under ice shelf seas overturning circulation by introducing the meltwater over the depth range of the ice shelf base, rather than at the surface is also tested. It yields similar improvements in the simulated ocean properties and circulation over the Antarctic continental shelf than the explicit ice shelf cavity representation. With the ice shelf cavities opened, the widely-used “3 equations” ice shelf melting formulation enables an interactive computation of melting that has been assessed. Comparison with observational estimates of ice shelf melting indicates realistic results for most ice shelves. However, melting rates for Amery, Getz and George VI ice shelves are considerably overestimated.
Multiple Institutional Logics in Health Care: ‘Productive Ward: Releasing Time to Care’

Health care organizations are often confronted with multiple institutional logics. In this study, a longitudinal case study method was used to gain insights into the adoption decision-making and implementation process of an apparently hybrid innovative practice when multiple logics are present. The case study focuses on the adoption and implementation of ‘Productive Ward: Releasing Time to Care’ in a Dutch hospital. This is a quality improvement programme developed by the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom. The results show that institutional logics complicate the adoption and implementation process.