Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Far Side of Vascular Injury

Substances historically thought to cause direct vascular injury in laboratory animals are a heterogeneous group of toxic agents with varied mechanisms of action. Morphologically, the reviewed agents can be broadly categorized into those targeting endothelial cell (ECs) and those targeting smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Anticancer drugs, immunosuppressants, and heavy metals are targeting primarily ECs while allylamine, β-aminopropionitrile, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors affect mainly SMCs. It is now recognized that the pathogenicity of some of these agents is often mediated through intermediary events, particularly vasoconstriction. There are clear similarities in the clinical and microscopic findings associated with many of these agents in animals and man, allowing the use of animal models to investigate mechanisms and pathogenesis. The molecular pathogenic mechanisms and comparative morphology in animals and humans will be reviewed.
HISTOCHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FOUR MAJOR MUSCLES OF THE HAM

Reduction of salt content in processed food is an important issue for both human nutrition and industry. Ham is composed of different muscles and the impact of salt reduction on each of them is unknown. To analyze and understand the effect of salting on the evolution of ham, it is essential to know the characteristics of muscles before applying any technological treatment. Muscles semi- membranosus, biceps femoris, rectus femoris and gluteus medius were selected on their physiological differences. These muscles were finely characterized in their structure and biochemical composition. Each muscle was then cured and cooked with two brines, which brought respectively 1.3% and 1.8% of sodium chloride in the meat. Cooking yield was determined. Significant differences were observed between muscles for physical, biochemical or histological parameters of non-cured muscles and between muscles and salt contents for cooking yield. Thus, muscle characteristics have to be taken into account in any study on the optimization of salting meat.
Validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaires IPAQ-SF and GPAQ for Cancer Survivors: Insights from a Spanish Cohort

Abstract Regular physical activity (PA) decreases mortality risk in survivors of breast and colorectal cancer. Such impacts of exercise have prompted initiatives designed both to promote and adequately monitor PA in cancer survivors. This study examines the validity of 2 widely used self-report methods for PA determination, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version (IPAQ-SF) and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Both instruments were compared with the triaxial accelerometry (Actigraph) method as an objective reference standard. Study participants were 204 cancer survivors (both sexes, aged 18–79 years). Compared with accelerometry, both questionnaires significantly overestimated PA levels (across all intensities) and underestimated physical inactivity levels. No differences were detected between the 2 questionnaires except for a shorter inactivity time estimated by GPAQ (p=0.001). The Bland and Altman method confirmed that both questionnaires overestimated all PA levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis classified IPAQ and GPAQ as fair and poor predictors, respectively, of the proportions of survivors fulfilling international PA recommendations (≥150 min·week−1 of moderate-vigorous PA). IPAQ-SF showed a higher sensitivity but lower specificity than GPAQ. Our data do not support the use of IPAQ-SF or GPAQ to determine PA or inactivity levels in cancer survivors.
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions 30 Years Later: A Study of Taiwan and the United States*

Hofstede’s (1984, 2001) work on work-related cultural dimensions has been regarded as a paradigm in the field of cross cultural studies. Specifically, his country classification on five work-related cultural values, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity-femininity, individualism-collectivism, and Confucian work dynamics, have been frequently cited by researchers in the past few decades. While his work has been used effectively, his data were collected 30 years ago and have become dated. By collecting data from one Eastern culture, Taiwan, and one Western Culture, the United States, this study has updated and re-examined Hofstede’s (1984, 2001) cultural dimensions in these two cultures. In addition, this study has extended Hofstede’s work by investigating occupational culture in the higher education setting. The results of this study suggested that work-related cultural values in a specific culture are not static and can be changed over time. When the political, societal, and economic environments change, people's cultural values also change. Thus, many cultural theories should be updated and re-evaluated periodically.
Evaluation of Client Satisfaction in a Community Health Centre: Selection of a Tool

Abstract: Community health centres (CHCs) have emerged as sites in which services based on a primary health care (PHC) model are delivered. In the evaluation of the newly established Northeast CHC in Edmonton, Alberta, client satisfaction was a significant part of the evaluation component on community participation. A reliable and valid tool was sought to measure the dimensions of client satisfaction appropriate for a CHC that is based on the principles of PHC. Using criteria established to assist the evaluators in choosing an appropriate tool, the Service Satisfaction Scale was selected because it was comprehensive, appropriate, and psychometrically acceptable. Refinement on the basis of client and provider input led to a revised client satisfaction tool that is currently being tested. The authors suggest that, congruent with the PHC model, a multimethod approach that incorporates focus groups and individual interviews should be employed in evaluation of client satisfaction to add useful information about client perspectives.
Constrained Stabilization of Bilinear Discrete-Time Systems Using Polyhedral Lyapunov Functions

In this paper, the stabilization problem of discrete-time bilinear systems by linear state-feedback control is investigated. First, conditions guaranteeing the positive invariance of polyhedral sets with respect to nonlinear systems with second order polynomial nonlinearity are established. Then these results are used for the determination of linear state-feedback unconstrained and constrained control laws making a prespecified polyhedral set a domain of attraction of the resulting closed-loop system.
On the shielding effectiveness measurements of building materials at radio communication frequencies in reverberation chambers

This paper shows measurements of the shielding effectiveness of two commonly used building materials, wood and marble. Of specific interest is the shielding effectiveness of these materials in the 900MHz and 2.4GHz regions, the operating frequencies of ZigBee, wireless personal area networks and wireless local area networks. A relatively new method for shielding effectiveness using the reverberation chamber is adopted in this paper and some shortcomings are presented. This paper aims to assist service providers in making power budget estimates.
Diagnosis, diagnosis, diagnosis: towards DSM-5

The allocation of diagnoses in psychiatry has always been controversial. Diagnoses usually indicate possible treatments, as well as determining who will receive support from health and social services. Some regard the formulation and sharing of a psychiatric diagnosis as itself therapeutic, in that psychological symptoms can be given meaning and effectively discussed with the patient (e.g., Brody & Waters, 1980). However, detractors also comment on how diagnosis can medicalize patterns of behaviour (Conrad, 2007) as well as the human condition itself (Chodoff, 2002), compound stigma (Sartorius, 2002), pre-determine which interventions are deemed appropriate, and also narrowly define the frameworks through which mental health problems might be addressed. The production of an updated diagnostic manual exposes these controversies, and this has certainly been the case in recent discussions of the forthcoming fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association. Initially, we were led to believe that there would be sweeping changes that would include an increased ‘‘dimensional’’ rather than categorical approach to disorders that would better describe phenomena that are continuous and lacking clear boundaries, and would allow clinicians a rating of severity. However, this emphasis has decreased over time. Along the way, there have been critics of the confidentiality agreements that have to be signed by the working group members (see Collier, 2010), the rush to field trials before the end of the process, and also the likelihood that sub-syndromal diagnoses will be introduced. The initial drafts of the diagnostic system are now available for public review and comment (www.dsm5.org), with the expectation of version five of the manual (known as DSM–5) being published in May 2013. It is important to stress that changes in the manual are backed up by informed opinion, complex negotiations between committee members, as well as clear research evidence, and that there is usually a force of conservatism that prevents major changes. This is clear in looking at the current release. However, even small changes can have unintended consequences. Changes to the previous version seem to have contributed to three false positive ‘‘epidemics’’ (Frances, 2010) – high rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autistic disorder, and childhood bipolar disorders. Clearly, there were other factors that also contributed, in particular drug companies marketing drugs for these diagnoses directed not only at doctors
Comparison of Iron Meteoritic Material From Ohio and Illinois Hopewellian Burial Mounds

An iron-nickel bead from Mound 9 at Havana, Illinois is distinctly different from samples from the Hopewell and Turner Mounds in Ohio. Whereas the source of the Ohio material appears to have been the Brenham, Kansas meteorite, there is no known North American meteorite having a composition closely similar to that of the Havana bead.
Comparison of high sensitive IHC, FISH, and RT-PCR direct sequencing for detection of ALK translocation in lung cancer.

7534 Background: A subset of lung cancer with ALK translocation shows remarkable sensitivity to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as crizotinib. Although its diagnosis is of crucial importance, the method has not been standardized. METHODS 345 resected lung cancer specimens and 44 biopsy specimens were used. RNA was extracted from frozen tumors or touch imprint cytologic prepareations and RT-PCR direct sequencing for EML4-ALK fusion or KRAS, EGFR gene mutations was performed. High-sensitivity immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using a mouse monoclonal antibody against ALK (clone 5A4, Santa Cruz) and the Envision Flex+ system (DAKO) in which the linker and the labeled polymer amplifies the signal of the primary antibody. Tissue microarray was created for 345 resected specimens. An ALK break-apart probe (Vysis LSI ALK Dual Color, Break Apart Rearrangement Probe, Abbott Molecular) was used for Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS In tissue microarray experiments, 12 tumors unequivocally overexpressed ALK protein (3.5%). All these 12 tumors were also positive by FISH. 8 of 12 were confirmed to have rearranged EML4-ALK by sequencing, while 4 were not. We also confirmed that these 4 did not have KIF5B-ALK or TFG-ALK by RT-PCR, indicating that overexpressed ALK with gene rearrangement in these cases might be due to ALK fusion with a novel gene (not yet confirmed). In biopsy specimens, 6 were positive by IHC and all harbored rearranged ALK by FISH. Direct sequencing revealed that all 6 harbored EML4-ALK fusion. Conversely, none of IHC negative tumors were positive for FISH or direct sequencing. In both experiments, strict mutually exclusionary relationship among ALK, EGFR and KRAS was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS IHC using commercially available ALK antibody and high sensitive visualization kit was feasible for archival samples and small biopsy specimens. It was easy and yet reliable, and thus considered as the best suitable method for screening ALK-positive tumors. [Table: see text].
Replication-defective Friend murine leukemia virus particles containing uncleaved gag polyproteins and decreased levels of envelope glycoprotein

An erythroleukemia cell clone, 7C, which failed to produce reverse transcriptase-containing virions or infectious virus, was found to produce noninfectious virus particles by gradient banding of [3H]leucine- and [3H]uridine-labeled virions. The RNA from the 7C virus was shown to consist of the normal 70S size component, which converted to 35S upon heat denaturation. In contrast, the 7C virion proteins showed multiple defects. Analysis of the virion proteins by gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the pr65 gag precursor was incorporated into the 7C virus and that the processing of this precursor was severely diminished. Polymerase proteins pr180gag-pol and pr120pol were also detected in virions, and a third possible polymerase protein, p70, was reduced in size compared to its normal counterpart, p80. Incorporation of the viral gp70 glycoprotein into particles was also reduced 10-fold, despite synthesis and incorporation of gp70 into the 7C cell membrane in normal amounts. Pulse-chase analysis of the synthesis of the viral gag and env proteins in 7C cells showed greatly reduced amounts of pr180gag-pol, pr65gag, p80gag, and p42gag, whereas pr90env, gp70, and spleen focus-forming virus-specific gp55 were synthesized and processed normally. These results suggested that at least one defect in 7C virus was impaired cleavage of gag or pol proteins or both, most likely due to a lack of the appropriate viral protease, and that this lack of cleavage might affect incorporation of gp70 into virus particles.
A Multi- $V_{\mathrm {th}}$  a-IGZO TFT Technology Using Anodization to Selectively Reduce Oxygen Vacancy Concentration in Channel Regions

A multithreshold voltage amorphous indium- gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) technology based on the anodic oxidation (anodization) technique is demonstrated. It is shown that the characteristics of the a-IGZO channel layer can be considerably tailored by the anodization treatment. As a result, the threshold voltage of the a-IGZO TFTs depends on the anodization voltage, making it possible to fabricate both depletion and enhancement mode TFTs on the same substrate. The secondary ion mass spectrometry result shows that the oxygen content is noticeably increased in the anodized a-IGZO film, suggesting that the dependence of the threshold voltage on the anodization treatment is attributed to the anodization-induced reduction of oxygen vacancy concentration in the channel region, which also leads to an alleviated Vth shift under negative bias illumination stress in the anodized devices.
Secular trends in neonatal macrosomia in Berlin: influences of potential determinants.

To investigate the trend in the prevalence of neonatal macrosomia and to evaluate the influences of potential determinants, key features of 206 308 hospital deliveries (97% of all) in Berlin in the years 1993-99, collected by the Berlin Medical Board, were analysed using SPSS 10.0. After exclusion of multiple births and preterm infants, there was a significant increase over 7 years (P < 0.01) in the prevalence of birthweights >or= 4000 g, maternal age >or= 30 years, height of >or= 165 cm, prepregnancy BMI (body mass index) >or= 26 kg/m2 and pregnancy weight gain> 16 kg, but no substantial trend in the prevalence of recognised diabetes or maternal smoking. The adjusted model (OR [95% CI]) for delivering a newborn >or= 4000 g was statistically significant for post-term delivery (2.56 [2.39, 2.75]), women aged >or= 30 years (1.06 [1.02-1.11]), >or= 165 cm tall (1.94 [1.87,2.01]), multiparae (1.98 [1.91, 2.05]), not smoking in pregnancy (2.03 [1.93, 2.14]), prepregnancy BMI >or= 26 compared with < 20 (4.01 [3.77, 4.26]), pregnancy weight gain >or= 16 kg compared with < 10 kg (3.37.[3.22, 3.53]) and for recognised diabetes (1.85.[1.69, 2.04]). It is speculated that this increase in the prevalence of neonatal macrosomia may contribute to the secular trend of overweight and obesity under affluent living conditions.
Globalization, Superstars, and Reputation: Theory & Evidence from the Wine Industry*

Abstract We develop a simple model of the effects of reputation on prices. An increasing fraction of consumers who are “naive” (less informed about quality) results in a stronger sensitivity of prices to ratings of quality. We then argue that this may be a factor in price dynamics for goods that become more widely traded as a result of globalization. We then provide some empirical analysis of these ideas using data on prices and Robert Parker's ratings of wines. Wine prices are strongly related to ratings, and even more so for higher quality wine categories. In addition, changes in Parker ratings for the same wine result in large price changes. Price elasticities with respect to ratings have risen dramatically since 1993. One plausible explanation for this is the growing globalization of the fine wine market, which increases the prevalence of naive wine consumers. (JEL Classification: D8, F1, L1, Q1)
Progressively interactive evolutionary multi-objective optimization method using generalized polynomial value functions

This paper advances and evaluates a recently proposed progressively interactive evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm. The algorithm uses preference information from the decision maker during the intermediate generations of the EMO and produces the most preferred solution on the Pareto-optimal front. The progress towards the Pareto-optimal front is made by approximating decision maker's value function. In this paper, a generalized polynomial value function has been proposed and the procedure to fit the value function to the decision maker's preference information has been described. The generality of the procedure of fitting a value function to the decision maker's preferences has been shown by using other existing value functions from the literature. The proposed generic polynomial value function has been incorporated in the PI-EMO-VF algorithm to efficiently approximate the decision maker's value function. The paper then evaluates the performance of the PI-EMO-VF algorithm on three and five objective test problems with constraints. It also evaluates the efficacy of the procedure in producing the most preferred solution when the decision maker is unable to provide perfect information, i.e., the decision maker finds certain pairs of solutions in the objective space to be incomparable. Results have been presented for three and five objective constrained test problems using the procedure.
Attention-based Wav2Text with feature transfer learning

Conventional automatic speech recognition (ASR) typically performs multi-level pattern recognition tasks that map the acoustic speech waveform into a hierarchy of speech units. But, it is widely known that information loss in the earlier stage can propagate through the later stages. After the resurgence of deep learning, interest has emerged in the possibility of developing a purely end-to-end ASR system from the raw waveform to the transcription without any predefined alignments and hand-engineered models. However, the successful attempts in end-to-end architecture still used spectral-based features, while the successful attempts in using raw waveform were still based on the hybrid deep neural network — Hidden Markov model (DNN-HMM) framework. In this paper, we construct the first end-to-end attention-based encoder-decoder model to process directly from raw speech waveform to the text transcription. We called the model as Attention-based Wav2Text. To assist the training process of the end-to-end model, we propose to utilize a feature transfer learning. Experimental results also reveal that the proposed Attention-based Wav2Text model directly with raw waveform could achieve a better result in comparison with the attentional encoder-decoder model trained on standard front-end filterbank features.
Decreased lipid synthesis in livers of mice with disrupted Site-1 protease gene

Site-1 protease (S1P) cleaves membrane-bound sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), allowing their transcription-stimulating domains to translocate to the nucleus where they activate genes governing lipid synthesis. S1P is a potential target for lipid-lowering drugs, but the effect of S1P blockade in animals is unknown. Here, we disrupt the S1P gene in mice. Homozygous germ-line disruptions of S1P were embryonically lethal. To disrupt the gene inducibly in liver, we generated mice homozygous for a floxed S1P allele and heterozygous for a transgene encoding Cre recombinase under control of the IFN-inducible MX1 promoter. When IFN was produced, 70–90% of S1P alleles in liver were inactivated, and S1P mRNA and protein were reduced. Nuclear SREBPs declined, as did mRNAs for SREBP target genes. Cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in hepatocytes declined by 75%. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mRNA declined by 50%, as did the clearance of 125I-labeled LDL from plasma, but plasma cholesterol fell, suggesting that LDL production was reduced. These data raise the possibility that S1P inhibitors may be effective lipid-lowering agents, but they suggest that nearly complete inhibition will be required.
Postinflammatory hypopigmentation

Postinflammatory hypopigmentation is a common cause of acquired hypopigmentary disorders. It can be a result of cutaneous inflammation, injury or dermatological treatment. There are also many specific conditions that present with hypopigmentation other than postinflammatory hypopigmentation. Most cases of postinflammatory hypopigmentation improve spontaneously within weeks or months if the primary cause is ceased; however, it can be permanent if there is complete destruction of melanocytes. This article reviews the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis and therapeutic options for postinflammatory hypopigmentation.
U2AF Participates in the Binding of TAP (NXF1) to mRNA*

TAP/NXF1 is a conserved mRNA export receptor serving as a link between messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) and the nuclear pore complex. The mechanism by which TAP recognizes its export substrate is unclear. We show here that TAP is added to spliced mRNP in human cells. We identified a distinct region of TAP that targets it to mRNP. Using yeast two-hybrid screens and in vitro binding studies, we found that this region coincides with a direct binding site for U2AF35, the small subunit of the splicing factor U2AF. This interaction is evolutionarily conserved across metazoa, indicating its significance. We further found in human cells that the exogenously expressed large U2AF subunit, U2AF65, accumulates in spliced mRNP, leading to the recruitment of U2AF35 and TAP. Similarly to TAP, U2AF65 stimulated directly the nuclear export and expression of an mRNA that is otherwise retained in the nucleus. Together with our finding that U2AF is continuously exported from the nucleus, these data suggest that U2AF participates in nuclear export, by facilitating TAP's addition to its mRNA substrates.