Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibodies of Human Milk within the First Week of Birth

IgA, IgM and IgG values of breast milk had higher significantly within first 12 hrs with increasing the time of lactation and then dropped markedly with other day’s advantages. The mean values with SD were 36.53 ± 6.72, 14.05 ± 2.78 and 0.88 ± 0.42 g/L at 0-12 hrs parturition, respectively; while at 7th day, being 4.23 ± 0.61, 0.37 ± 0.03 and 0.13 ± 0.07 g/L in order. In addition, the total amino acids levels of human milk immunoglobulins (Igs) took the same trend in these times.
Charge-State-Resolved Ion Energy Distribution Functions of Cathodic Vacuum Arcs: A Study Involving the Plasma Potential and Biased Plasmas

There are divergent results in the literature on the(in)dependence of the ion velocity distribution functions on the ioncharge states. Apparently, most time-of-flight methods of measurementsindicate independence whereas most measurements with electrostaticanalyzers state the opposite. It is shown here that this grouping iscoincidental with investigations of pulsed and continuous arcs. Allresults can be consolidated by taking ion-neutral interaction intoaccount, especially charge exchange collisions with the metal neutralsproduced by the arc itself. The velocity distribution functions areindependent of charge state when produced at cathode spots but becomecharge-state dependent when the plasma interacts withneutrals.
What if we voted on the weights of a multidimensional well-being index? An illustration with Flemish data

There is a widespread consensus that well-being is a multidimensional notion. To quantify multidimensional well-being, information on the relative weights of the different dimensions is essential. There is, however, considerable disagreement in the literature on the most appropriate weighting scheme to use. Making use of a recent data set for Flanders, we calculate and compare various common weighting schemes, which are uniformly applied to all individuals. We find that a policymaker would identify different groups of individuals as being worst off depending on the scheme that is chosen. In order to compare and evaluate the weighting schemes, we simulate the support each scheme would get in a voting procedure. Weighting schemes that obtain higher support reflect better the priorities of the respondents and suffer less from the problem of paternalism that is inherent to any common weighting scheme.
Influence of Consumers’ Perceived Brand Innovativeness on Customer-Brand Identification and Brand Loyalty

In the current state of the business environment, an organisation considered innovativeness as one of the most valuable assets. The paradigm shift is to understand that innovation is viewed not only from the technological innovation but the innovative capability of the firm such as marketing, manufacturing process, or design innovativeness. This study focuses on consumer perceived brand innovativeness (CPBI) on brand identification and loyalty. Given rapid changes and the excess of new product availability, the influence on consumer loyalty might not be the same factors as found in the past studies. Therefore, the focus of this study is to examine the impact of predictors on loyalty behaviour. The current study develops a conceptual framework and reviews the literature on the role of brand innovativeness, brand identification and loyalty. Specifically, the focus is towards luxury cosmetic brands in Malaysia that were understudied. Hopefully, the study of brand innovativeness as an extrinsic information cue will assist marketers in understanding consumers better and enables an appropriate response to their needs.
R&D Investment and Endogenous Growth: A SVAR Approach

We develop the barebones of a highly stylized theoretical endogenous growth model for analyzing the impact of R&D investment on long run growth. We use this framework to identify a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model on GDP growth, inflation and R&D investment, along with the (exogenous) flows of global knowledge, for the period 1970-2006 for the six more developed economies plus Spain. Besides, we also study the impact of private and public R&D on economic activity and prices or whether public R&D investment crowds out private one. Overall, we find that R&D shocks have a positive impact on economic activity, but a heterogeneous effect on prices. Moreover, public R&D disturbances tend to crowd out private R&D investment, except in the less innovative economies. And finally, demand shocks tend to have a negative impact on private R&D spending in the short- to medium-run.
Production-Oriented Approach and Its Implications for the Cultivation of Critical Thinking Skills in College English Instruction in Mainland China

Absence of critical thinking skills is perceived to be a growing problem among many university students. The production-oriented approach, an initiative to college English instruction reform in mainland China, may offer a better solution to this problem. To cultivate critical thinking skills under this approach, reforms have to be implemented in teaching objectives, teaching materials, teaching approaches and assessment.
- Economic and Ecological Effects of Diameter-Limit and BDq Management Regimes: Simulation Results for Northern Hardwoods

The long-term financial and ecological effects of diameter-limit regimes and basal-areadiameter-q-ratio (BDq) regimes were compared by simulation in the case of northern hardwood forests. Varying the cutting cycle between 10 and 20 years had little effect on returns or stand structure. A 28-cm diameter-limit cut gave the highest production and financial returns, and the highest species diversity, but considerably lower size diversity. A 38-cm diameter-limit cut and a heavy BDq selection harvest gave high returns, while maintaining high levels of diversity. On lands of equal site quality, Michigan’s stands were more productive than Wisconsin’s. The results suggest that it is possible to manage northern hardwood stands sustainably with diameter-limit cuts, combined with removal of poorly performing understory trees. Adjusting the diameter limit gave rise to stands similar in productivity and structure to those obtained by BDq cutting regimes. Given their simplicity of implementation and monitoring, more attention should be given to diameter-limit cutting regimes, with attendant stand improvement measures, as a practical means for uneven-aged management of northern hardwoods.
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors from Monascus-Fermented Rice

Seven compounds were isolated from Monascus-fermented rice by column chromatography with silica gel and semiprep HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. All compounds displayed HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory potential, among them compound 7 exhibited strong inhibition with IC50 value comparable with lovastatin. In this study, two compounds (1 and 2) were obtained from natural source for the first time.
Development and implementation of a national service learning experience with baccalaureate nursing students: Supporting development of cultural awareness

This case study report provides an overview of a pilot program comprised of the concept and the value of service learning, a discussion of the development process and implementation, and shares the experiences of both the baccalaureate nursing students and faculty. This pilot program provided the opportunity for students to embody the values of the mission of the university which is centered on the development of thoughtful and responsible citizens. The department of nursing mission is congruent with this pursuit. Both missions reinforce the importance of providing students with varied opportunities to make socially significant contributions. This pilot supported the students’ journey in incorporating related program outcomes of social justice with diverse population as a caring nursing professional. Providing care to residents in a culturally and geographically different location within the United States promoted a deeper understanding of cultural awareness and sensitivity and development of nursing identity. This case study discusses the implementation of the pilot which included student orientation, direct care at a mobile health clinic, and post clinic debriefings. Student feedback and faculty evaluation verified this was a positive and valuable service learning opportunity, which resulted in the decision to continue a national service learning experience annually.
The Personality Characteristics of an Entrepreneur and Their Effects on the Performance of a New Business Venture

The purpose of this study is to examine the personality characteristics of an entrepreneur and their effects on the performance of a business venture. The thesis also aims to explain how the personality characteristics of an entrepreneur differ from those of a non-entrepreneur. The research paper consisted of a literature review that built up the theoretical framework for the study. The theoretical framework was collected from a vast amount of academic sources concentrating on entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial personality. The literature review concluded in two hypotheses: (1) The characteristics of an entrepreneur differ from the characteristics of a non-entrepreneur and (2) The characteristics of an entrepreneur influence the performance of a business venture. The two hypotheses were analyzed with the assistance of the findings of the literature review and a number of previous studies related to the topic. The results of these studies combined with the theoretical framework collected in the literature review resulted in the conclusion that both of the hypotheses were true. Therefore, the main conclusion of the research paper was that the performance of a new business venture is affected by the personality characteristics of the entrepreneur. cognition) and the business’ financial performance. Their findings provide evidence that human capital in an important resource endowment and the owners and managers The the
A study of variations in the branching pattern of popliteal artery and its clinical perspective

Background: Popliteal artery is the continuation of femoral artery which is the main and prime arterial supply to the knee, leg and foot. Variations of popliteal artery have been the subject of repeated study as exposure of this artery is required in both emergency and elective vascular procedures. Knowledge of the anatomical variations in the branching of popliteal artery is important, because damage to artery and its branches can lead to limb disability or life threatening haemorrhage. Methods: A total of 40 popliteal arteries were studied by dissection method. Specimens were collected from the cadavers which were available in the department of anatomy, JSS medical college, Mysore, India. Results: The origin, course and termination of the popliteal artery in all the 40 specimens were normal. Regarding the branching pattern of genicular arteries, there was a common stem of origin for superior medial genicular artery (SMGA), middle genicular artery (MGA), superior lateral genicular artery (SLGA) in 2 specimens (5%). Conclusions: Popliteal artery is the commonly approached site for above and below knee bypass grafts. It is also frequently injured during penetrating and blunt trauma involving lower extremity. Although prevalence of the variations was less in our study, the awareness of possible variations will be beneficial to angiographers and to vascular surgeons and orthopaedic surgeons.
Organic matter mineralization and trace element post-depositional redistribution in Western Siberia thermokarst lake sediments

Abstract. This study reports the very first results on high-resolution sampling of sediments and their porewaters from three thermokarst (thaw) lakes representing different stages of ecosystem development located within the Nadym-Pur interfluve of the Western Siberia plain. Up to present time, the lake sediments of this and other permafrost-affected regions remain unexplored regarding their biogeochemical behavior. The aim of this study was to (i) document the early diagenesic processes in order to assess their impact on the organic carbon stored in the underlying permafrost, and (ii) characterize the post-depositional redistribution of trace elements and their impact on the water column. The estimated organic carbon (OC) stock in thermokarst lake sediments of 14 ± 2 kg m−2 is low compared to that reported for peat soils from the same region and denotes intense organic matter (OM) mineralization. Mineralization of OM in the thermokarst lake sediments proceeds under anoxic conditions in all the three lakes. In the course of the lake development, a shift in mineralization pathways from nitrate and sulfate to Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides as the main terminal electron acceptors in the early diagenetic reactions was suggested. This shift was likely promoted by the diagenetic consumption of nitrate and sulfate and their gradual depletion in the water column due to progressively decreasing frozen peat lixiviation occurring at the lake's borders. Trace elements were mobilized from host phases (OM and Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides) and partly sequestered in the sediment in the form of authigenic Fe-sulfides. Arsenic and Sb cycling was also closely linked to that of OM and Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides. Shallow diagenetic enrichment of particulate Sb was observed in the less mature stages. As a result of authigenic sulfide precipitation, the sediments of the early stage of ecosystem development were a sink for water column Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Sb. In contrast, at all stages of ecosystem development, the sediments were a source of dissolved Co, Ni and As to the water column. However, the concentrations of these trace elements remained low in the bottom waters, indicating that sorption processes on Fe-bounding particles and/or large-size organo-mineral colloids could mitigate the impact of post-depositional redistribution of toxic elements on the water column.
Antibacterial activity of some plant extracts against clinical pathogen

Seven plant extracts (Plantago mediastepposa, Quercusc infectoria, Punic granatum, Thymus lcotschyana, Ginger officeinals, Rhus angustifolia and Cinnamon) were collected from different regions of Kurdistan region of Iraq. These plants’ extracts were dissolved in absolute ethanol and distillate water, after which they were assayed in vitro as an antibacterial activity against 2 Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and 3 Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsilla pneumonia) using agar dilution methods. The minimum inhibition zone of the Punic granatum ethanol extracts was 0.2 mg/ml for all microorganisms tested. Klebsilla pneumonia was the most sensitive bacterial strain to Quercusc infectoria and Rhus angustifolia ethanol extracts. Among both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested with MIC of 0.2 mg/ml, the minimum inhibition zone of Ginger officeinals D.W. extracts was 0.2 mg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsilla pneumonia. The most sensitive bacterial strain to Thymus lcotschyana and Plantago mediastepposa D.W. extracts was S. aureus and E. coli.
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) field infestation by the bruchids (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in the northern Senegal: preliminary biological and ecological data.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess, firstly, the effects of distance between the maturing cowpea field and attics storage and secondly the degree of varietal resistance to bruchid infestation Methodology and Results: This study was carried out in the northern Senegal. Three cowpea varieties were used: the Mame Fama, the Baye Ngagne and the Ndiaga Aw. For each cowpea variety, two distances between cowpea fields and cowpea store were considered: one cowpea field situated closer and another one farther from cowpea store. Three cowpea samples were collected and then the level of infestation was calculated. The cowpea pods were preserved in the laboratory to identify the emerging species. Results showed that there was a significant effect of field distances to cowpea store on the eggs laid by weevils (P = 0.02). The number of eggs laid also varied with the cowpea variety. Insects preferred laying their eggs more on the Baye Ngagne cowpea variety than the others. But, the highest rate for emerging species is found on the Mame Fama cowpea variety. The main emerging species identified were Bruchidius atroilineatus (Pic) and Callosobruchus maculatus (F). Conclusion and application: This preliminary study proved that the level of cowpea infestation in the field varied with the proximity of the field to store and cowpea varieties. The Ndiaga Aw cowpea variety was the most resistant one or the least preferred by weevils. Therefore, it is necessary to widely extend this study to more cowpea fields and more cowpea varieties in order to identify some cowpea varieties which will be more resistant to bruchids than others, and make them accessible for cultivators who face many problems for the conservation of their cowpea crops.
The Rise of Streaming Music and Implications for Music Production

Abstract In this paper, we model the potential for streaming music, a non-durable product, to upend and displace durable music sales. As the popularity of streaming music increases producers will adjust their production to focus on the non-durable channel. We identify conditions under which the changes in music delivery will encourage musicians to release fewer songs, but at a higher quality, leading to market deepening and increased engagement. This change will complete the unbundling process in music production making the traditional bundled album of little importance. This tendency toward unbundling for individual musicians depends on a robust bundle from a delivery platform to provide value for consumer subscriptions. Beyond a model of consumer utility and producer profit, we analyze the most played songs of the large streaming music platform, Spotify, and compare those results to traditional album sales using Nielsen data.
Pattern of susceptibility to measles in Italy

On the basis of seroprevalence and incidence data we describe the distribution of individuals susceptible and immune to measles in Italy in 1996-97. In regions where vaccination coverage was at least 70%, approximately 10% of 3-year-old children were susceptible to measles, whereas 40% were in this category in regions with lower vaccination coverage. Seroprevalence among children older than 4 years was similar for the two groups of regions; in the age group 20-39 years it was approximately 95%. During 1990-96 in the regions with lower vaccination coverage the incidence was highest among children aged 4-6 years, and the median age of cases was 7 years; in the regions with higher vaccination coverage, however, the incidence remained at around 5% for the age group 4-16 years, and the overall median age was 10 years. These data confirm the partial reduction in measles incidence in Italy, although transmission has still not been interrupted. The size and geographical distribution of the current pool of susceptible individuals can be expected to present an obstacle to measles elimination if appropriate vaccination strategies, such as catch-up campaigns, are not adopted.
The Role of Sport Involvement and General Self-Worth in the Interplay between Body Dissatisfaction, Worry, and School Disaffection in Preadolescent Boys and Girls

While in recent years there has been increasing research on body dissatisfaction in preadolescence and a small body of research on worry in association with eating disorders, less is known about their effects on school disaffection. Therefore, the current study examined possible gender-specific relations between body dissatisfaction, worry, and school disaffection. To identify possible strategies of intervention and prevention, sport involvement and general self-worth were tested as mediators. Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test for the mediating role of sport involvement and general self-worth in the association between body dissatisfaction, worry, and school disaffection in a sample of 4th, 5th, and 6th grade students (; ) in elementary schools in Berlin, Germany. The results suggest that promoting feelings of general self-worth could be an effective starting point in decreasing the association between body dissatisfaction, worry, and school disaffection, in both boys and girls. Conversely, sport involvement was identified as a mediating factor for boys only.
Nesting Activity and Behavior of Osmia cornifrons (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Elucidated Using Videography

Osmia cornifrons Radoszkowski (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) is utilized as an alternate pollinator to Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in early-season fruit crops. This study was conducted to investigate nesting activities and associated behaviors of O. cornifrons. Osmia cornifrons nesting activity was recorded by using a digital video recorder with infrared cameras. Nesting behavior of ten female O. cornifrons was observed, and the number of nesting trips per hour was recorded. Trends in daily activity were determined with regression analysis, and chi square analysis was used to determine if O. cornifrons spent a greater amount of time performing certain activities. The percentage of time required to gather nesting resources and complete nest construction activities was recorded from the video footage. Results of this study showed that pollen gathering was the most time-consuming gathering activity, requiring min per cell and cell provisioning was the most time-consuming intranest activity, requiring 28.9 min ± 3.97 min. We also found that O. cornifrons activity was correlated with time of day, temperature, and precipitation. Various nesting behaviors, including cell provisioning and partitioning, oviposition, grooming, resting and sleeping, nest-searching, and repairing behaviors, are described in this paper.
Governing Health Risk by Buying Behaviour

This article considers the role of conditional cash transfers as a mechanism of governing health risk by buying behaviour change in sexual practice. Conditional cash transfers have come to be identified as a potential solution to the problem of HIV prevention, and as such look likely to be applied throughout countries with high prevalence rates in sub-Saharan Africa. The article considers the implications of two pilot studies in Tanzania and Malawi for governing the risk of HIV infection. It outlines the problem of behaviour change and individual rationality, the potential of conditional cash transfers as a relatively inexpensive programme with high outcomes, and some of the limitations and implications of these initiatives for individual bodies, rationality and global health governance. The article makes the argument that conditional cash transfers should be met with caution and that governing health risk by buying behaviour represents the intersection of bio-political control with neo-liberal forms of economic incentive through financial gain. The balancing of long-term health needs with short-term financial gain induces will to change behaviour, the problem being the sustainability of such change in the absence of financial gain and the long-term consequences of constructing behaviour.
Reduced Bers boundaries of Teichmüller spaces

We consider a quotient space of the Bers boundary of Teichm\"{u}ller space, which we call the reduced Bers boundary, by collapsing each quasi-conformal deformation space into a point. This reduced Bers boundary turns out to be independent of the basepoint, and the action of the mapping class group on the Teichm\"{u}ller space extends continuously to this boundary. We show that every auto-homeomorphism on the reduced Bers boundary comes from an extended mapping class. We also give a way to determine the limit in the reduced Bers boundary up to some ambiguity for parabolic curves for a given sequence in the Teichm\"{u}ller space, by generalising the Thurston compactification.