Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gingival crevicular fluid from smokers and non-smokers with gingivitis and chronic periodontal disease

The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of smokers (light and heavy) and non-smokers with gingivitis (G) and chronic periodontal disease (CPD). Forty-five patients were selected: 15 heavy smokers whose daily tobacco consumption was more than 10 cigarettes/day (HS), 15 light smokers whose daily tobacco consumption was fewer than 10 cigarettes/day (LS), and 15 non-smokers who had never smoked tobacco (NS). Clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL)) were recorded for all groups. Each group was separated in both sites: G and CPD, and GCF samples were collected, and analyzed for PGE2 content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated that the non-smoking group had higher PI (88.53±17.08%) and BOP (82.80±17.14%) scores than the two smoking groups. PD, GR and CAL scores did not differ significantly among the three groups. Statistically significance differences in GCF-PGE2 were found among G versus CPD sites (P≤0.05) for the three groups. This study confirms that heavy and light smokers have less BOP and GCF-PGE2 levels than non-smokers and that the GCF-PGE2 was higher to CPD sites when compared with G sites. Key words: Periodontal disease, gingival crevicular fluid, smoker, prostaglandin E2.
THE HOT INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM OF THE INTERACTING GALAXY NGC 4490

We present an analysis of the hot interstellar medium (ISM) in the spiral galaxy NGC 4490, which is interacting with the irregular galaxy NGC 4485, using ∼100 ks of Chandra ACIS-S observations. The high angular resolution of Chandra enables us to remove discrete sources and perform spatially resolved spectroscopy for the star-forming regions and associated outflows, allowing us to look at how the physical properties of the hot ISM such as temperature, hydrogen column density, and metal abundances vary throughout these galaxies. We find temperatures of >0.41 keV and 0.85+0.59−0.12 keV, electron densities of >1. 87η−1/2 × 10−3 cm−3 and 0.21+0.03−0. 04η−1/2 × 10−3 cm−3, and hot gas masses of >1. 1η1/2 × 107 M☉ and ∼3. 7η1/2 × 107 M☉ in the plane and halo of NGC 4490, respectively, where η is the filling factor of the hot gas. The abundance ratios of Ne, Mg, and Si with respect to Fe are found to be consistent with those predicted by theoretical models of type II supernovae (SNe). The thermal energy in the hot ISM is ∼5% of the total mechanical energy input from SNe, so it is likely that the hot ISM has been enriched and heated by type II SNe. The X-ray emission is anticorrelated with the Hα and mid-infrared emission, suggesting that the hot gas is bounded by filaments of cooler ionized hydrogen mixed with warm dust.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLANT DENSITIES ON THE YIELD AND SOME SILAGE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF GIANT KING GRASS (Pennisetum hybridum) UNDER MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to determine the adaptability of giant king grass ( Pennisetum hybridum ) under Mediterranean climate conditions, and also to determine whether proper plant densities could improve growth and yield. Study site was located at Bornova, Turkey (38°27.236 N, 27°13.576 E and 20 m). Treatment consisted of four densities of plant population (D 1 :57,143; D 2 :28,571; D 3 :19,048 and D 4 :14,286 plant ha -1 ) with three replicates per treatment in a randomized block design. Setts were planted in mid June of 2010 and allowed to grow for 4 full growing seasons. Average result of four years indicated that there were significant effects of plant densities on the dry matter yield and other yield characteristics of giant king grass but not on silage pH. It was recommended that the production of giant king grass using D 2 (70x50 cm) was the most successful planting density regarding the dry matter (32.6 t ha -1 ) and crude protein yield to the regions with Mediterranean-type climates under irrigation . Key words: G iant king grass, plant density, dry matter yield, silage quality.
‘It's People's Whole Lives’: Gender, Class and the Emotion Work of User Involvement in Mental Health Services

The concept of emotion work has been widely applied to the study of service work. Yet its use in understanding the social dynamics of user involvement in public services remains under explored. Drawing on a study of user involvement in mental health service development, I show its utility for understanding this social and political realm. The article discusses findings from a critical discursive and contextual emotional labour perspective, taking into account organizational and institutional factors as well as social structural dimensions of gender and social class. It shows how discourses on emotion, constructed through articulation of personal experiences of service usage both reflected and constructed the ideological and structural positionings of women service users, while emotional discourse — displays of anger in user involvement forums — worked to constitute traditionally male and ideologically masculine elements of the field, as well as the working-class identities of some participants. These forms of emotion work, and the ways in which they elicited further emotion management from service users and workers alike, are located in relation to the rules of engagement of user involvement and the bureaucratic institutional forms within which this took place. The article concludes that the emotion work of user involvement ultimately helped to reproduce the dominant institutional and social order, including its gender and class dimensions. Implications for policies and practices of user involvement in mental health services are provided.
Correlation and path coefficient analysis of agronomic and quality traits in a bioenergy crop, sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

Sweet sorghum is considered one of the best sources of bioethanol due to its higher total reducing sugar content, which ferments completely to produce ethanol coupled with its adaptation to the changing climate. A study was carried out in Ethiopia, during the 2015/16 crop season, to determine the extent of phenotypic and genotypic relationships among 13 agronomic traits and six quality components of 28 sweet sorghum genotypes. Panicle weight and width, dry matter yield, thousand kernel weight and harvest index had significant positive correlation with grain yield and exerted favourable direct effects both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Ethanol yield was also correlated with juice yield, sugar yield and fresh stalk yield. Therefore, these yield and quality components are suggested to receive due attention during sweet sorghum varietal selection. Moreover, days to maturity had negative correlation and imposed negative direct effect on grain yield, which may indicate the possibility to select high yielding, early maturing dual purpose varieties for dry environments where terminal drought is rampant. The studied genotypes were grouped into three clusters according to their D2 values, worthy of future breeding work considering the special merits in each cluster depending on the objectives of the breeding program. Some of the genotypes excelled as one of the two commercial sugarcane varieties used as controls for some quality traits. Therefore, considering their less water requirement, faster production cycle, and additional advantage of grain production over sugarcane, sweet sorghum stalks can serve as alternatives to sugarcane for use as feedstock in drier areas of the world under the changing climate. Key words: Bioethanol, correlation, juice, path-coefficient, sweet sorghum.
Influence of Informal Solid Waste Management on Livelihoods of Urban Solid Waste Collectors: A Case Study of Nakuru Municipality, Kenya

The study focused on how the urban waste collectors in Nakuru Municipality earn their livelihood through turning waste into wealth by deriving income from solid waste. The objective of this study was to examine how solid waste management contributes to the livelihoods of the waste collectors using the sustainable livelihoods approach. In the study, 192 respondents were interviewed using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data was analysed using the descriptive and inferential statistics computed by the Statistical Package for the Social Scientists (SPSS). The study found that the waste collectors earn an income from waste management and these livelihoods are earned in occupational conditions that are unsafe and injurious to them. The study recommends that the informal sector be recognised as stakeholders within the municipality in solid waste management and since the sector is concerned with attainment of livelihoods, the occupational health hazards should be minimised by adhering to safety precautions.
The Central Limit Theorem for Subsequences in Probabilistic Number Theory

Abstract Let ${{\left( {{n}_{k}} \right)}_{k\ge 1}}$ be an increasing sequence of positive integers, and let $f\left( x \right)$ be a real function satisfying 1 $$f\left( x+1 \right)=f\left( x \right),\int\limits_{0}^{1}{f\left( x \right)}dx=0,\text{Va}{{\text{r}}_{\left[ 0,1 \right]}}f<\infty $$ If ${{\lim }_{k\to \infty }}\frac{{{n}_{k+1}}}{{{n}_{k}}}=\infty $ the distribution of 2 $$\frac{\sum\nolimits_{k=1}^{N}{f\left( {{n}_{k}}x \right)}}{\sqrt{N}}$$ converges to a Gaussian distribution. In the case $$1<\underset{k\to \infty }{\mathop{\lim \inf }}\,\,\frac{{{n}_{k+1}}}{{{n}_{k}}},\,\,\underset{k\to \infty }{\mathop{\text{lim}\,\text{sup}}}\,\,\frac{{{n}_{k+1}}}{{{n}_{k}}}<\infty$$ there is a complex interplay between the analytic properties of the function $f$ , the number-theoretic properties of ${{\left( {{n}_{k}} \right)}_{k\ge 1}}$ , and the limit distribution of (2). In this paper we prove that any sequence ${{\left( {{n}_{k}} \right)}_{k\ge 1}}$ satisfying $\lim {{\sup }_{k\to \infty }}{{n}_{k+1}}/{{n}_{k}}=1$ contains a nontrivial subsequence ${{\left( {{m}_{k}} \right)}_{k\ge 1}}$ such that for any function satisfying (1) the distribution of $$\frac{\sum\nolimits_{k=1}^{N}{f\left( {{m}_{k}}x \right)}}{\sqrt{N}}$$ converges to a Gaussian distribution. This result is best possible: for any $\varepsilon >0$ there exists a sequence ${{\left( {{n}_{k}} \right)}_{k\ge 1}}$ satisfying lim $\underset{k\to \infty }{\mathop{\sup }}\,\frac{{{n}_{k+1}}}{{{n}_{k}}}\le 1+\varepsilon$ such that for every nontrivial subsequence ${{\left( {{m}_{k}} \right)}_{k\ge 1}}$ of ${{\left( {{n}_{k}} \right)}_{k\ge 1}}$ the distribution of (2) does not converge to a Gaussian distribution for some $f$ . Our result can be viewed as a Ramsey type result: a sufficiently dense increasing integer sequence contains a subsequence having a certain requested number-theoretic property.
Grass allometry and estimation of above-ground biomass in tropical alpine tussock grasslands

The puna/paramo grasslands span across the highest altitudes of the tropical Andes, and their ecosystem dynamics are still poorly understood. In this study we examined the above-ground biomass and developed species specific and multispecies power-law allometric equations for four tussock grass species in Peruvian high altitude grasslands, considering maximum height (hmax), elliptical crown area and elliptical basal area. Although these predictors are commonly used among allometric literature, they have not previously been used for estimating puna grassland biomass. Total above-ground biomass was estimated to be of 6.7? ±? 0.2 Mg ha-1 (3.35? ±? 0.1 Mg C ha-1). All allometric relationships fitted to similar power-law models, with basal area and crown area as the most influential predictors, although the fit improved when tussock maximum height was included in the model. Multispecies allometries gave better fits than the other species-specific equations, but the best equation should be used depending on the species composition of the target grassland. These allometric equations provide an useful approach for measuring above-ground biomass and productivity in high-altitude Andean grasslands, where destructive sampling can be challenging and difficult because of the remoteness of the area. These equations can be also applicable for establishing above-ground reference levels before the adoption of carbon compensation mechanisms or grassland management policies, as well as for measuring the impact of land use changes in Andean ecosystems.
The State of the Art in Research into the Condition Monitoring of Industrial Machinery

Machinery is adopted for a variety of functions, ranging from simple fans to complex ships. One of the fundamental challenges currently faced in a wide range of industries is how to identify faults in machinery before reached a critical level, so as to avoid system degradation, malfunction, and catastrophic failure. The condition monitoring of machines has long been accepted as a most effective solution in avoiding sudden shutdown and for detecting and preventing failures in complex systems. This paper describes the basic concepts of condition monitoring, and introduces the necessary background information about the various condition monitoring technologies used for different types of machines. Also, it discusses the potential benefits through utilizing the artificial intelligence techniques, such as artificial neural networks (ANN), fuzzy logic system (FLS), genetic algorithm (GA), and support vector machine (SVM), in developing robust condition monitoring systems to address issues of fault detection and diagnosis. Finally, rapid developments in electronics technology have opened new aspect in building monitoring systems using embedded devices. Therefore, in the last section of this paper the principles of embedded systems and their application in condition monitoring are further elaborated.
The inversion theorem and Plancherel’s theorem in a Banach space

l Introduction* Let G be a locally compact abelian group with Haar measure μ, and let X be a complex Banach space and C be the set of complex numbers. A classic theorem due to Plancherel ([8], [10]) states that the Fourier transform maps LX{G, C) Π L2(G, C) 1 onto a dense subset of L2(G, C) (G is the dual group of G and has Haar measure m) in such a way that 1 a{g)β{g)μ(dg)=\^ά(i)β(y)m{di) for all JG ^ JG
Switching in Twitter’s Hashtagged Exchanges

Networks have a remarkable ability to bring people together in communities, both online and offline, but such community building is not the only possible result of network use. This article examines the case of a tagging network on Twitter, the online social networking service characterized by short messages. Although Twitter has many social features that foster interaction between users, the use of hashtags to signal the topic of a message exists outside of the site’s primary social structures, creating a unique writing environment. This article analyzes a hashtagged exchange surrounding the 2009 health care debate in the United States, examining the social features of this exchange and how participants used it to communicate about that debate. While traditional social features were certainly present within the exchange, they were not prominent or common; rather, users engaged the network properties of this exchange to make connections with other networks, drawing on a form of network power called switching. The analysis focuses on how the Twitter network’s structural features affect communication between users.
Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea more Prevalent than Central Sleep Apnea in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure? A Retrospective Study

Central sleep apnea (CSA) rather than obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is widely believed to be the dominant form of sleep apnea (SA) in patients with heart failure (HF). Hitherto, no study has characterized sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in Indian subjects with heart failure and evaluated its impact on severity of HF, which this study attempts to do. A retrospective data-analysis was done in 65 consecutive patients with stable mild-to-moderate HF referred for evaluation on the basis of fatigue and excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) regarded by the institute’s cardiologists. Patients with ejection fraction (EF) 30). HF was arbitrarily classified as mild (EF:<35%) moderate (EF:35-45%) and severe (EF:45-55%). OSA emerged as the exclusive form of SA (95.4%; n=65) and was more severe in males. Patients with more severe HF tended to be less obese, and interestingly to have less severe OSA. In contrast to Western literature, OSA seems to be by far the most prevalent form of sleep apnea in Indian subjects with HF. HF mortality is known to be high in underweight individuals yet, persons with severe HF are often less obese and partly by reason of a lower BMI, appear to be relatively protected against severe OSA and severe nocturnal hypoxemia. This study thus raises important and intriguing questions which merit further enquiry.
AN ENHANCED VOLUME INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD AND AUGMENTED EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE ALGORITHM FOR LOW FREQUENCY PROBLEMS BY LIN SUN DISSERTATION

Two techniques based on integral equation methods are addressed. Firstly, a novel volume integral equation method is proposed to characterize the scattering properties of dielectric objects involving inhomogeneous and anisotropic permittivity and permeability. Two algorithms are available: conventional method of moments and reciprocity preserving method. Both of them are applied to both the permittivity and permeability terms. Curl-conforming edge elements are used to model the electric field distributions. Integration by parts is applied to deal with the singularities at the boundary introduced by the discontinuities of the material properties. Duffy’s method formulations are derived for all the surface and volume singular integrations. Moreover, the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is utilized to accelerate the matrix vector product process for large problems. Representative numerical results are shown to be excellent. Secondly, the present equivalence principle algorithm (EPA) is augmented by introducing charge densities as extra unknowns. This helps to separate the vector potential term and scalar potential term and avoid the imbalance at low frequencies. The current continuity constraint is enforced in both the scattering operator and translation operator. These further form a new augmented EPA equation system. With this technique, the low-frequency breakdown of EPA is removed. The augmented system serves not only as a stable low-frequency method, but also as a substitute over the whole frequency band. The new scheme is verified by numerical examples.
Institutions, Credit rationing and housing development

One of the basic principles that allow a smooth operation of the markets is the equilibrium between supply and demand. According to this principle, when demand exceeds supply, the price mechanism will try to bring the system back into equilibrium. When this thinking is applied to the housing market, it leads to the conclusion that any inequality in housing supply or demand is transitory. Nonetheless, the fact that a considerable share of the population live in precarious homes for generations seems to speak against the virtues of market mechanisms in the resolution of housing disequilibria. Stiglitz and Weiss (1981) argue that in the face of asymmetric information, under some conditions the equilibrium of the credit market can be marked by rationing. Asymmetric information â€“ working through the effects of adverse selection and of incentive â€“ has impacts on the return function of bank loans, which leads to interest rates used in housing loans to be different from those that balance supply and demand for credit, causing credit rationing. Literature of the New Institutional Economics (NIE) in turn points out the fact that institutions can reduce the degree of uncertainty by lessening the effects of asymmetric information. Regarding the housing market, the degree of property rights, as well as the mortgage institution which acts as a contract enforcement tool, provide the credit market with information on the quality of the borrower and thus broaden the social scope of this market. The purpose of this article is to understand how the equilibrium in the housing market is influenced by credit rationing and to what extend institutional development affects this scarcity and the interest rates of housing loans. The model developed in this article, which combines the tradition of dynamic models of housing investment with the premises of the New Institutional Economics and the considerations of Stiglitz and Weiss (1981) and (1992) on rationing in the credit market, allows us to identify the role of institutions on housing development.
Expression, divergence and evolution of the caleosin gene family in Brassica rapa

Caleosins (CLO) are oil body-associated proteins encoded by a small gene family. To investigate the expression, functional diversity and evolutionary modes of CLO genes, we isolated and integrally analyzed in silico a total of 11 CLO genes from Brassica rapa. According to phylogeny and sequence analyses, 11 BrCLO genes were classified into 3 groups, and each group shared highly conserved sequence features. Syntenic analysis revealed that all members of the BrCLO gene family distributed on 7 chromosomes were expanded mainly by segmental duplications. Evolutionary analysis showed that CLO proteins were controlled by purifying selection in B. rapa. Interestingly, functional divergence studies indicated that site-specific relaxed functional constraints were present between the different clusters of caleosins. Expression pattern suggested that 6 BrCLO genes were potentially associated with oil body formation. Our findings provide valuable clues for an investigation of the evolutionary history and cellular functions of the CLO gene family in plants.
Considering Language Convergence in Ontario: An Examination of Variation in Hearst French

French speakers are rare in Ontario, Canada; only 2.6 percent of the population speaks French at home. However, several isolated French-speaking areas exist. While linguistic research in the province increases, little focus has been given to northern Ontario. This study will examine variation in the French of Hearst, Ontario, through the lens of previous Ontarian French studies in order to apply new evidence to some previous sociolinguistic theories of language convergence. Analysis of transcripts from a corpus of interviews with 34 local Francophones is expected to further the understanding of the relationship between French and English in Ontario. This study attempts to incorporate new data of Ontario French into the previous literature in order to increase our understanding of language contact in Ontario as well as in other areas of the world. I will begin this paper with an introduction to the necessary definitions and (§2) a discussion of the issues scholars have encountered in the study of language contact and its effects. Following will be (§3) an introduction to the community of Hearst, Ontario, from which the study draws its data, and (§4) a description of the specific instances of variation found in the French of Ontario and the methods used to analyze them. Then (§5) I will consider the results and discuss the possible sociolinguistic factors that may account for the variation in question. I will conclude this paper with (§6) a recapitulation of the study and suggestions for future research.
Variation in seed weight and its effects on germination in Pastinaca sativa L-(Umbelliferae)

The article was published in American Journal of Botany, 71:6 (1984), pp. 795-802. http://www.jstor. org/stable/pdfplus/2443470.pdf Author Posting. Copyrightc Botanical Society of America 1984. This article is posted here by permission of thepublisher for personal use, not for redistribution.This paper is posted at Iowa Research Online.http://ir.uiowa. edu/biology pubs/2