Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton emission of gamma-ray burst afterglows from radio to very-high energies

Synchrotron radiation from a decelerating blast-wave is a widely accepted model of optical to X-ray afterglow emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). GeV gamma-ray emission detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and the duration of which extends beyond the prompt gamma-ray emission phase, is also compatible with broad features of afterglow emission. There is, however, limitations of the simplest version of this pure electron-synchrotron model to explain high-energy photons detected late from the GRB as well as multiwavelength spectral and temporal features. We have developed a synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission model from a decelerating blast-wave and applied it, together with the synchrotron emission model, to fit multiwavelength data from a few bright GRBs detected by the Fermi-LAT. We have explored and derived constraints on the SSC model parameters from fits to the broadband spectra and light curves for the fast- and slow-cooling regimes of electrons in the blast-wave. The results are presented for the long GRB 130427A and short GRB 090510, together with predicted flux in the very-high energy (VHE, $\gtrsim 30$GeV) range for the current and upcoming ground-based Cherenkov telescopes.
Modeling the electrical impedance response of ionic polymer transducers

An analytical study is presented that investigates the electrical impedance response of the ionic polymer transducer. Experimental studies have shown that the electromechanical response of these active materials is highly dependent upon internal parameters such as neutralizing counterion, diluent, electrode treatment, as well as environmental factors such as ambient temperature. Further examination has shown that these variations are introduced predominantly through the polymer’s ability to convert voltage into charge migration. This relationship can easily be represented by the polymer’s electrical impedance as measured across the outer electrodes of the transducer. In the first half of this study an analytical model is developed which predicts the time and frequency domain characteristics of the electrical response of the ionic polymer transducer. Transport equations serve as the basis for this model, from which a series of relationships are developed to describe internal potential, internal charge dens.
The effects of cosmic rays on the formation of Milky Way-mass galaxies in a cosmological context

We investigate the impact of cosmic rays (CR) and different modes of CR transport on the properties of Milky Way-mass galaxies in cosmological magneto-hydrodynamical simulations in the context of the AURIGA project. We systematically study how advection, anisotropic diffusion and additional Alfven-wave cooling affect the galactic disc and the circum-galactic medium (CGM). Global properties such as stellar mass and star formation rate vary little between simulations with and without various CR transport physics, whereas structural properties such as disc sizes, CGM densities or temperatures can be strongly affected. In our simulations, CRs affect the accretion of gas onto galaxies by modifying the CGM flow structure. This alters the angular momentum distribution which manifests itself as a difference in stellar and gaseous disc size. The strength of this effect depends on the CR transport model: CR advection results in the most compact discs while the Alfven-wave model resembles more the AURIGA model. The advection and diffusion models exhibit large ($r\sim50$ kpc) CR pressure-dominated gas haloes causing a smoother and partly cooler CGM. The additional CR pressure smoothes small-scale density peaks and compensates for the missing thermal pressure support at lower CGM temperatures. In contrast, the Alfven-wave model is only CR pressure dominated at the disc-halo interface and only in this model the gamma-ray emission from hadronic interactions agrees with observations. In contrast to previous findings, we conclude that details of CR transport are critical for accurately predicting the impact of CR feedback on galaxy formation.
Monitoring of cognitive load and cognitive performance using wearable sensing

In recent years there is more and more evidence for a significant increase of work-related stress burden and disease in the Western civilization. If high level of work demands cumulate and recovery fails, serious mental health problems such as chronic stress or depression can occur. Monitoring of cognitive load would allow supporting the prevention of mental disorders and maintaining mental health. The first part of this thesis is directed towards paving the way for a continuous monitoring of cognitive load in daily life scenarios. Cognitive tests allow measuring the cognitive performance of a person. Basic performance measures are capacity of remembering, reaction time and attention. Conducting cognitive assessment tests throughout daily life offers opportunities to early detect changes in cognitive performance. In most studies, cognitive performance is measured with computerized tests which are not well suited to measure cognitive performance in daily life. In the second part of this thesis, a wearable reaction time test is developed in order to allow obtaining continuous measurements of cognitive performance in daily life. This thesis comprises six scientific publications that address five aims: (1) to investigate the applicability of heart rate variability (HRV) features to discriminate different levels of mental workload in a mobile setting, (2) to target individual differences in HRV responses by incorporating individual calibration measures, (3) to develop a wearable reaction time (RT) test which can be operated throughout everyday life in order to obtain a continuous measurement of speed of processing by means of RT, (4) to evaluate the feasibility of the wearable RT device with empirical studies, (5) to examine how common daily activities affect the reaction times of young and elderly subjects. In the first part of this thesis, the applicability of HRV features was investigated in a controlled experiment designed to induce three levels of mental load. According to the subjective ratings of the participants, it was shown that all participants perceived the induced load levels as intended from the experiment design. The investigated HRV features obtained from a mobile ECG logger showed significant differences between the three load levels. The knowledge gained from the controlled laboratory experiment was then transferred to an office-work setting. Since each individual’s
Effect of an addition of phytase to diets with variable zinc and low phosphorus content on performance, carcass characteristics and bone mineralization of broilers

SUMMARY A 6-week experiment with 960 unsexed one day-old broiler chicks was conducted to evaluate the effect of microbial phytase (Natuphos 500) on the performance, carcass characteristics and toe ash as a measure of bone mineralization when varying levels of zinc (Zn) and low phosphorus content in diet were used. Twelve treatments consisting of three levels of Zn (40, 60 and 160 mg / kg diet) and four levels of phytase (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 U / kg diet) in 3 x 4 factorial arrangement were used with four replicates of twenty birds each. Increase of the dietary zinc content resulted in a non-significant reduction in the body weight gain (BWG), feed consumption (FC), weights of the carcass, neck, thighs, back + breast and a significant decrease (P 0.05) have been completely corrected by inclusion of phytase to diets. The results indicate that supplementing microbial phytase to broiler diets with various levels of Zn has improved growth performances and carcass traits.
Agricultural Academy HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY ESTIMATES IN 6 X 6 HALF-DIALLEL CROSSES OF DURUM WHEAT ( TRITICUM DURUM DESF . )

AKINCI, Cuma, 2009. Heterosis and combining ability estimates in 6 x 6 half-diallel crosses of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 15: 214-221 In the study, the heterosis percentages and combining ability effects were determined for heading time (HT), thousand kernels weight (TKW) and plant yield (PY) of 6 durum wheat parents and their 15 half-diallel crosses. Two local populations (Beyaziye and Bagacak) and four cultivars (Kunduru 1149, Cakmak-79, Diyarbakir-81 and Duraking) of durum wheats were used as parents in the study. Heterosis percentages for high-parent and midparent were 2.16 % and 0.74 % for heading date; 1.64 % and 3.78 % for 1000 kernel weight; 2.24 % and 5.24 % for plant yield, respectively. The highest heterosis percentage for mid-parent was determined at the hybrids of ‘Kunduru 1149 x Diyarbakir81’ (1.10 %) for heading date; ‘Kunduru 1149 x Cakmak 79’ (12.86 %) for 1000 kernel weight; ‘Beyaziye x Duraking’ (37.67 %) combination for plant yield. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) components of variance were significant for three traits studied. The levels of heterosis and general and specific combining abilities of parental lines were sufficient to sustainable production of hybrid breeding and early selection of breeding lines.
Controlling a Random Population

Bertrand et al. introduced a model of parameterised systems, where each agent is represented by a finite state system, and studied the following control problem: for any number of agents, does there exist a controller able to bring all agents to a target state? They showed that the problem is decidable and EXPTIME-complete in the adversarial setting, and posed as an open problem the stochastic setting, where the agent is represented by a Markov decision process. In this paper, we show that the stochastic control problem is decidable. Our solution makes significant uses of well quasi orders, of the max-flow min-cut theorem, and of the theory of regular cost functions.
Riemann-Hilbert approach and soliton solutions for the higher-order dispersive nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonzero boundary conditions

In this work, the higher-order dispersive nonlinear Schrodinger equation with non-zero boundary conditions at infinity is investigated including the simple and double zeros of the scattering coefficients. We introduce a appropriate Riemann surface and uniformization variable in order to deal with the double-valued functions occurring in the process of direct scattering. Then, the direct scattering problem is analyzed involving the analyticity, symmetries and asymptotic behaviors. Moreover, for the cases of simple and double poles, we study the discrete spectrum and residual conditions, trace foumulae and theta conditions and the inverse scattering problem which is solved via the Riemann-Hilbert method. Finally, for the both cases, we construct the soliton and breather solutions under the condition of reflection-less potentials. Some interesting phenomena of the soliton and breather solutions are analyzed graphically by considering the influences of each parameters.
BABAR-CONF-07 / 035 SLAC-PUB-13080 Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy

Although the Standard Model of elementary particles is well established, strong interactions are not yet fully under control. We believe QCD is the field theory capable of describing them, but we are not yet capable, in most of the cases, to make exact predictions. Systems that include heavy quark-antiquark pairs (quarkonia) are ideal and unique laboratories to proble both the high energy regimes of QCD, where an expansion in terms of the coupling constant is possible, and the low energy regimes, where non-perturbative effects dominate. In the last years this field is experiencing a rapid expansion with a wealth of new data coming in from diverse sources: data on quarkonium formation from dedicated experiments (BES at BEPC, KEDR at VEPP-4M CLEO-c at CESR), clear samples produced by high luminosity B-factories (PEP and KEKB), and very large samples produced from gluon-gluon fusion in pp̄ annihilations at Tevatron (CDF and D0 experiments).
Electron-Hole Interference in an Inverted-Band Semiconductor Bilayer

Electron optics in the solid state promises new functionality in electronics through the possibility of realizing micrometer-sized interferometers, lenses, collimators and beam splitters that manipulate electrons instead of light. Until now, however, such functionality has been demonstrated exclusively in one-dimensional devices, such as in nanotubes, and in graphene-based devices operating with p-n junctions. In this work, we describe a novel mechanism for realizing electron optics in two dimensions. By studying a two-dimensional Fabry-Perot interferometer based on a resonant cavity formed in an InAs/GaSb double quantum well using p-n junctions, we establish that electron-hole hybridization in band-inverted systems can facilitate coherent interference. With this discovery, we expand the field of electron optics to encompass materials that exhibit band inversion and hybridization, with the promise to surpass the performance of current state-of-the-art devices.
Gamma rays from the Galactic center and the WMAP haze

Recently, an analysis of data from the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope has revealed a flux of gamma rays concentrated around the inner ~0.5 degrees of the Milky Way, with a spectrum that is sharply peaked at 2-4 GeV. If interpreted as the products of annihilating dark matter, this signal implies that the dark matter consists of particles with a mass between 7.3 and 9.2 GeV annihilating primarily to charged leptons. This mass range is very similar to that required to accommodate the signals reported by CoGeNT and DAMA/LIBRA. In addition to gamma rays, the dark matter is predicted to produce energetic electrons and positrons in the Inner Galaxy, which emit synchrotron photons as a result of their interaction with the galactic magnetic field. In this letter, we calculate the flux and spectrum of this synchrotron emission assuming that the gamma rays from the Galactic Center originate from dark matter, and compare the results to measurements from the WMAP satellite. We find that a sizable flux of hard synchrotron emission is predicted in this scenario, and that this can easily account for the observed intensity, spectrum, and morphology of the "WMAP Haze".
Mechanisms of GaN quantum dot formation during nitridation of Ga droplets

We have examined the formation mechanisms of GaN quantum dots (QDs) via annealing of Ga droplets in a nitrogen flux. We consider the temperature and substrate dependence of the size distributions of droplets and QDs, as well as the relative roles of Ga/N diffusivity and GaN nucleation rates on QD formation. We report on two competing mechanisms mediated by Ga surface diffusion, namely QD formation at or away from pre-existing Ga droplets. We discuss the relative roles of nucleation and coarsening dominant growth, as well as the polytype selection, on various substrates. The new insights provide an opportunity for tailoring QD size and polytype distributions for a wide range of III-N semiconductor QDs.
Inflaton clusters and inflaton stars

In a broad class of scenarios, inflation is followed by an extended era of matter-dominated expansion during which the inflaton condensate is nonrelativistic on subhorizon scales. During this phase density perturbations grow to the point of nonlinearity and collapse into bound structures. This epoch strongly resembles structure formation with ultra-light axion-like particles. This parallel permits us to adapt results from studies of cosmological structure formation to describe the nonlinear dynamics of this post-inflationary epoch. We show that the inflaton condensate fragments into “inflaton clusters”, analogues of axion dark matter halos in present-day cosmology. Moreover, solitonic objects or “inflaton stars” can form inside these clusters, leading to density contrasts as large as 106 in the post-inflationary universe.
Improved bounds for restricted projection families via weighted Fourier restriction

It is shown that if $A \subseteq \mathbb{R}^3$ is a Borel set of Hausdorff dimension $\dim A > 1.5$, then for a.e. ~$\theta \in [0,2\pi)$ the projection $\pi_{\theta}(A)$ of $A$ onto the 2-dimensional plane orthogonal to $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\cos \theta, \sin \theta, 1)$ satisfies $\dim \pi_{\theta}(A) \geq \min\left\{\frac{4\dim A}{9} + \frac{5}{6},2 \right\}$. This improves results of Oberlin-Oberlin, and of Orponen-Venieri, for $\dim A \in (1.5,2.4)$. Some results are also given for two possible generalisations of this problem in higher dimensions, and for families of planes in $\mathbb{R}^3$ parametrised by curves in $S^2$ with nonvanishing geodesic curvature. One of the higher dimensional generalisations is a sharp a.e. ~projection theorem $\dim \pi_v (A) = \dim A$, where $v \in S^{d-1}$, $d \geq 4$ is even, and $\pi_v$ is the projection onto the 2-dimensional plane spanned by $\left\{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(v,-1), (Av,0)\right\}$ for a linear unit vector field $A$ on the odd dimensional sphere $S^{d-1}$. The other higher dimensional generalisation gives lower bounds for dimension under projections onto $\left(\frac{\gamma(\theta)}{\sqrt{2}},\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^{\perp}$, where $\gamma$ is any smooth curve in $S^{d-1}$ such that $\det\left(\gamma, \gamma' \dotsc, \gamma^{(d-1)}\right)$ is nonvanishing.
Performance Of Some Chickpea Cultivars Under Sprinkler Irrigation Treatments In

Two field experiments were conducted in the Production and Research Station of the National Research Centre in El-Nobaria, Al- Behaira Governorate, Egypt during the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing seasons. This study aimed to investigate the performance of some chickpea cultivars namely Giza 531, Giza 3 and Giza 195 under different levels of sprinkler irrigation water, i.e. 100, 75 and 50% of reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) in sandy soil. The obtained results exhibited that in both seasons, increasing irrigation level led to significant increases in all growth and yield characters except for No. of branches/ plant. Chickpea plants produced significantly more seed total carbohydrates content when irrigation amount was increased from 924 and up to 1686 m3/ fed. / season. On the contrary, seed total protein and water use efficiency of chickpea plants increased significantly by decreasing the irrigation level (water stress). Giza 3 variety exhibited superiority in plant height and No. of leaves/ plant followed by Giza 195 in both growth seasons. However, Giza 195 showed its superiority in pods No./ plant and stem, leaves, pods, roots and total dry matter/ plant followed by Giza 3 in the two growing seasons. Giza 531 showed its superiority in most yield and quality parameters as well as WUE followed by Giza 195 and Giza 3 which gave the lowest values, however chickpea cultivar Giza 3 significantly surpassed the other two ones in plant height and number of pods/ plant.
Classifying spaces for chains of families of subgroups

This thesis concerns the study of the Bredon cohomological and geometric dimensions of a discrete group $G$ with respect to a family $\mathfrak{F}$ of subgroups of $G$. With that purpose, we focus on building finite-dimensional models for $\operatorname{E}_{\mathfrak{F}} \left( G \right)$. The cases of the family $\mathfrak{Fin}$ of finite subgroups of a group and the family $\mathfrak{VC}$ of virtually cyclic subgroups of a group have been widely studied and many tools have been developed to relate the classifying spaces for $\mathfrak{VC}$ with those for $\mathfrak{Fin}$. Given a discrete group $G$ and an ascending chain $\mathfrak{F}_0 \subseteq \mathfrak{F}_1 \subseteq \ldots \subseteq \mathfrak{F}_n \subseteq \ldots$ of families of subgroups of $G$, we provide a recursive methodology to build models for $\operatorname{E}_{\mathfrak{F}_r} \left( G \right)$ and give certain conditions under which the models obtained are finite-dimensional. We provide upper bounds for both the Bredon cohomological and geometric dimensions of $G$ with respect to the families $\left(\mathfrak{F}_r\right)_{r\in\mathbb{N}}$ utilising the classifying spaces obtained. We consider then the families $\mathfrak{H}_r$ of virtually polycyclic subgroups of Hirsch length less than or equal to $r$, for $r\in\mathbb{N}$. We apply the results obtained for chains of families of subgroups to the chain $\mathfrak{H}_0 \subseteq \mathfrak{H}_1 \subseteq \ldots$ for an arbitrary virtually polycyclic group $G$, proving that the corresponding Bredon dimensions are both bounded above by $h(G) + r$, where $h(G)$ is the Hirsch length of $G$. Finally, we give similar results for the same chain of families of subgroups and an arbitrary locally virtually polycyclic group as the ambient group, obtaining in this case the upper bound $h(G) + r + 1$.
Dipole picture and the nonrelativistic expansion

We study exclusive quarkonium production in the dipole picture at next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy, using the non-relativistic expansion for the quarkonium wavefunction. This process offers one of the best ways to obtain information about gluon distributions at small $x$, in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions and in deep inelastic scattering. The quarkonium light cone wave functions needed in the dipole picture have typically been available only at tree level, either in phenomenological models or in the nonrelativistic limit. In this paper, we discuss the compatibility of the dipole approach and the non-relativistic expansion and compute NLO relativistic corrections to the quarkonium light-cone wave function in light-cone gauge. Using these corrections we recover results for the NLO decay width of quarkonium to $e^{+}e^{-}$ and we check that the non-relativistic expansion is consistent with ERBL evolution and with B-JIMWLK evolution of the target. The results presented here will allow computing the exclusive quarkonium production rate at NLO once the one loop photon wave function with massive quarks, currently under investigation, is known.
Type A Type B 1 Type B 2 Type B 3 Type C

Results: Soft-tissue-sparing, stable-angle plate osteosynthesis with a firmly seated implant is a safe treatment of periprosthetic femoral fracture (PPFF). A correct assessment of the stability of the prosthesis is a prerequisite for the success of treatment. A loose prosthesis must be surgically revised, and a failed osteosynthesis can also necessitate revision of the prosthesis. The conservative management of PPFF is generally not indicated, as it has a high complication rate.
Computing Tight Differential Privacy Guarantees Using FFT

Differentially private (DP) machine learning has recently become popular. The privacy loss of DP algorithms is commonly reported using $(\varepsilon,\delta)$-DP. In this paper, we propose a numerical accountant for evaluating the privacy loss for algorithms with continuous one dimensional output. This accountant can be applied to the subsampled multidimensional Gaussian mechanism which underlies the popular DP stochastic gradient descent. The proposed method is based on a numerical approximation of an integral formula which gives the exact $(\varepsilon,\delta)$-values. The approximation is carried out by discretising the integral and by evaluating discrete convolutions using the fast Fourier transform algorithm. We give both theoretical error bounds and numerical error estimates for the approximation. Experimental comparisons with state-of-the-art techniques demonstrate significant improvements in bound tightness and/or computation time. Python code for the method can be found in Github (https://github.com/DPBayes/PLD-Accountant/).
Dynamical freeze-out phenomena: The case of $K^\pm, \phi$ transverse momentum spectra in collisions of Au(1.23 A GeV) + Au

We argue on a continuous (dynamical) kinetic freeze-out of $K^\pm, \phi$ observed at midrapidity in collisions Au(1.23 A GeV) + Au. The simulations by means of a transport model of BUU type point to time independent transverse momentum slope parameters after 20 fm/c. The complex interplay of expansion dynamics and strangeness production/exchange/absorption as well as elastic scatterings involved in the reaction network does not support the previous interpretation of a late freeze-out of $K^-$ due to larger cross sections.