Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on Morbidity Profile among Elderly Population in Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh.

Background: The elderly are one of the most vulnerable and high risk groups in terms of health and their health seeking behavior is crucial in any society. Objectives: The study aims to assess the morbidity profile among the elderly population aged 60 years and above. Material and Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was done in Visakhapatnam district. Rural & urban areas were selected by means of simple random sampling. 17,415 population was screened from 3,383 households in both rural and urban areas to identify 1200 elderly aged 60 and above were examined clinically with pretested questionnaire. Results: Among the elderly population aged 60 years and above, 64% have morbidity. Diseases of Musculoskeletal System (39%) followed by diseases of Circulatory system (21%) and diseases of Eye and adnexa (20%) were most commonly seen among study population. Joint pains (41%), defective vision (34%), polyuria (12%) and defective hearing (7%) were most common presenting complaints. The most common history of previous illness was hypertension (12%) and diabetes mellitus (6%) in both rural and urban areas. 40% of elderly individuals presented with Anemia. 25% of the study population has more than one disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of morbidity among elderly aged 60 years and above was 64%. 25% of the study population has more than one disease. Hence special clinics for elderly need to be organized and integrated services should be provided.
Quantification of Coronary Plaque by 64-slice Computed Tomography: A Comparison with Quantitative Intracoronary Ultrasound

Background:Noninvasive assessment of coronary atherosclerotic plaque may be useful for risk stratification and treatment of atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods:We studied 47 patients to investigate the accuracy of coronary plaque volume measurement acquired with 64-slice multislice computed tomography (MSCT), using newly developed quantification software, when compared with quantitative intracoronary ultrasound (QCU). Quantitative MSCT coronary angiography (QMSCT-CA) was performed to determine plaque volume for a matched region of interest (regional plaque burden) and in significant plaque defined as a plaque with ≥50% area obstruction in QCU, and compared with QCU. Dataset with image blurring and heavy calcification were excluded from analysis. Results:In 100 comparable regions of interest, regional plaque burden was highly correlated (coefficient r = 0.96; P < 0.001) between QCU and QMSCT-CA, but QMSCT-CA overestimated the plaque burden by a mean difference of 7 ± 33 mm3 (P = 0.03). In 76 significant plaques detected within the regions of interest, plaque volume determined by QMSCT-CA was highly correlated (r = 0.98; P < 0.001) with a slight underestimation of 2 ± 17 mm3 (P = not significant) when compared with QCU. Calcified and mixed plaque volume was slightly overestimated by 4 ± 19 mm3 (P = ns) and noncalcified plaque volume was significantly underestimated by 9 ± 11 mm3 (P < 0.001) with QMSCT-CA. Overall, the limits of agreement for plaque burden/volume measurement between QCU and QMSCT-CA were relatively large. Reproducibility for the measurements of regional plaque burden with QMSCT-CA was good, with a mean intraobserver and interobserver variability of 0% ± 16% and 4% ± 24%, respectively. Conclusions:Quantification of coronary plaque within selected proximal or middle coronary segments without image blurring and heavy calcification with 64-slice CT was moderately accurate with respect to intravascular ultrasound and demonstrated good reproducibility. Further improvement in CT resolution is required for more reliable measurement of coronary plaques using quantification software.
Diversity and prevalence of PorA types in Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B in the United States, 1992-1998.

Two hundred eighty-one sporadic Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B isolates, collected through active laboratory-based surveillance, were selected to be analyzed by PorA variable region (VR) typing to determine the prevalence of PorA types in the United States. A substantial number of distinct VR types were identified, 31 in VR1 and 41 in VR2. A total of 73 different PorA types were found, and 76. 7% of these types comprise nonprototype sequences in VR1, VR2, or both. The most prevalent PorA types were P1.7,16-20 (previously P1.7, 16i), P1.22,14, P1.22-1,14 (previously P1.22a,14), P1.7,16, P1.7-1,1 (previously P1.7d,1), P1.19,15, and P1.17,16-3 (previously P1.B,16d). No correlation was observed between the PorA types and geographic origin of the isolates. These data may aid in the design of an efficacious outer membrane protein-based vaccine by identifying the most appropriate PorA types for vaccine formulation. Studies are needed to fully evaluate the extent of cross-protection in humans among the variants and prototypes in each PorA VR family.
Ontogenetic changes in the scaling of cellular respiration with respect to size among sunflower seedlings

The respiration rates R (oxygen uptake per min) and body mass M (mg per individual) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings were measured for populations raised in the dark (scotomorphogenesis) and for plants subsequently grown in white light (photomorphogenesis) to determine the allometric (scaling) relationship for R vs. M. Based on ordinary least squares and reduced major axis regression protocols, cellular respiration rates were found to increase non-linearly as a 'broken-stick' curve of increasing M. During germination, the scaling was ca. 7.5-fold higher than after the emergence of the cotyledons from the seed coat, which can be attributed to the hypoxic conditions of the enclosed embryo. During seedling development, R was found to scale roughly as the 3/7 power of body mass (i.e., R ~ M −3/7), regardless of whether plants were grown in the dark or subsequently in white light. The numerical value of 3/7 statistically significantly differs from that reported across field- or laboratory-grown plants (i.e., R ~ M −1.0). It also differs from the expectations of recent allometric theory (i.e., R ~ M −0.75 - 1.0). This difference is interpreted to be the result of species-specific tissue-compositions that affect the volume fractions of metabolically active and less activ cells. These findings, which are supported by cytological and ultrastructural observations (i.e., scanning- and transmission electron micrographs), draw attention to the need to measure R of developing plants in a tissue- or organ-specific context.
How I Treat How I treat Burkitt lymphoma in adults

BG is a 40-year-oldmanwith pastmedical history significant for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypertension who presented with hemoptysis. After receiving antibiotics for presumed sinusitis, he was started on prednisone with worsening bleeding. Subsequent laryngoscopic evaluation revealed a nasopharyngeal mass (4.8 3 2.2 cm on magnetic resonance imaging). On biopsy, the histologic appearance and immunophenotype (CD20 and CD10 positive, bcl-2 negative) were consistent with Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed t(8;14). Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) revealed additional sites of disease in the liver and bone. Bone marrow biopsy showed 25% involvement. He had no fevers but complained of nondrenching sweats and 10-pound weight loss. Laboratory studies were notable for normal creatinine and complete blood count. Uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were elevated at 9.1 mg/dL and 538 U/L, respectively.
Athletes and doping: e V ects of drugs on the respiratory system

terbutaline salmeterol, fenoterol D. Diuretics Acetazolamide, bumetanide, chlorthalidone, etacrynic acid, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, mannitol, spironolactone, triamterene E. Peptide and glycoprotein hormones Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), corticotropin (ACTH), growth hormone (hGH) (somatotropin), erythropoietin (EPO) Prohibited methods A. Blood doping Pharmaceutical, chemical and physical manipulation Probenecid,
Hemin Based Biomimetic Oxidative Degradation of Acid Orange 7

Degradation of dyes is an important environmental issue. In order to avoid the carcinogenic risks in anaerobic-aerobic biological process for wastewater containing azo dyes, a hemin based biomimetic oxidative degradation of azo dyes was developed. Acid orange 7 (AO7) was selected as the model for azo dye and the high efficient degradation was achieved in hemin/H2O2 system at pH 11.0. Degradation could be described by a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The order of dependence on H2O2 concentration was significantly larger than that of hemin. Coexisting anions sulphate and chloride had little effect on the degradation, but reductive sulphite dramatically inhibited the degradation. The protic solvent 2-prophanol obviously promoted the degradation. Azo chromogenic group was destroyed quickly and some smaller intermediates formed. Active species oxoferryl porphyrin p-cation radical +PFeIV=O generated from heterolytic cleavage of O-O in H2O2 catalyzed by hemin play the main roles in degradation and reaction pathways were proposed.
Results of a randomised, controlled, multicentre study of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation.

In 54 patients with malignant lymphoma, haematopoietic recovery after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was compared between patients randomised to receive 10 or 30 micrograms/kg/day of r-metHuG-CSF (filgrastim) or no growth factor. After standard high-dose chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, etoposide and BCNU (CVB regimen for patients with Hodgkin's disease) or BCNU, etoposide, cytosine arabinoside and melphalan (BEAM regimen for patients suffering from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) followed by autologous BMT, r-metHuG-CSF was administered by continuous intravenous infusion from the first day after autologous BMT until neutrophil recovery. When the r-metHuG-CSF groups were compared with the control group the major findings were: the median time to reach an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > or = 0.5 x 10(9)/L was 20 days in the control group and 12 and 14 days, respectively, in the r-metHuG-CSF groups (P = 0.0004). The duration of neutropenia (ANC < 0.5 x 10(9)/L) was reduced from 27 days in the control group to 11 and 13 days in the r-metHuG-CSF groups (P = 0.0001). In addition, fewer days of febrile neutropenia were observed in the r-metHuG-CSF groups (5 and 6 days) than in the control group (10 days; P = 0.036). No significant effects of r-metHuG-CSF administration on the number of days with fever, the use of intravenous antibiotics and hospitalisation were detected. R-metHuG-CSF was well tolerated without any serious side-effects. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adipose Tissue Compartments, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Risk in the Context of Depression

The neurobiological and behavioral underpinnings linking mental disorders, in particular, major depressive disorder (MDD), with cardiovascular disorders are a matter of debate. Recent research focuses on visceral (intra-abdominal and epicardial) adipose tissue and inflammation and their impact on the development of cardiometabolic disorders. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue is defined as an endocrine active fat compartment surrounding inner organs and is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a risk factor for the later development of cardiovascular disorders. Epicardial (pericardial) adipose tissue is a fat compartment surrounding the heart with close proximity to the arteries supporting the heart. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is an important source of inflammatory mediators that, in concert with other risk factors, plays a leading role in cardiovascular diseases. In conjunction with the behavioral (physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle), psychological (adherence problems), and hormonal (dysfunction of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis with subsequent hypercortisolism) alterations frequently accompanying MDD, an enhanced risk for cardiovascular disorders results.
Stereoselective e ects of the enantiomers of a new local anaesthetic , IQB-9302 , on a human cardiac potassium channel ( Kv 1 . 5 )

1 The N-substituent of IQB-9302 has the same number of carbons as bupivacaine, but it exhibits a dierent spatial localization (n-butyl vs cyclopropylmethyl). Thus, the study of the eects of IQB9302 enantiomers on hKv1.5 channels will lead to a better knowledge of the determinants of stereoselective block. 2 The eects of the IQB-9302 enantiomers were studied on hKv1.5 channels stably expressed in Ltk cells using the whole-cell con®guration of the patch-clamp technique. Drug molecular modelling was performed using Hyperchem software. 3 Block induced by IQB-9302 was stereoselective with the R(+) enantiomer being 3.2-fold more potent than the S(7) one (KD of 17.8+0.5 mM vs 58.6+4.0 mM). 4 S(7)and R(+)IQB-9302 induced-block was timeand voltage-dependent consistent with an electrical distance from the cytoplasmic side of 0.173+0.022 (n=12) and 0.181+0.018 (n=10), respectively. 5 Potency of block of pipecoloxylidide local anaesthetics was linearly related to the length between the cationic tertiary amine and the end of the substituent. 6 Molecular modelling shows that only when S(7) and R(+) enantiomers are superimposed by their aromatic ring, their N-substituents are in opposite directions, which can explain the stereospeci®c block induced by bupivacaine and IQB-9302 with hKv1.5 channels. 7 These results suggest that: (a) IQB-9302 enantiomers block the open state of hKv1.5 channels, and (b) the length of the N-substituent in these local anaesthetics and not its volume determines the potency and degree of their stereoselective hKv1.5 channel block. British Journal of Pharmacology (2001) 132, 385 ± 392
Excretion and measurement of estradiol and progesterone metabolites in the feces and urine of female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)

The first objective of the present study was to determine the metabolic form and rate of excretion of ovarian hormone metabolites in the urine and feces of female squirrel monkeys injected with radiolabeled progesterone (Po) and estradiol. The major portion of the urinary metabolites of both hormones was excreted within 16–24 hr post‐injection. Estrogen and Po isotopes in feces exhibited an excretion peak at 16 hr post‐injection. The majority of recovered radiolabel of both hormones was excreted in feces. Chromatographic separation of fecal extractions indicated that the major estrogen metabolites in feces are in the free as opposed to the conjugated form. The radioactivity and immunoreactivity for estrone and estradiol (E1 and E2, respectively) in eluates of fecal samples subjected to celite co‐chromatography indicated that both free E1 and E2 exist as excretion products in the feces of female squirrel monkeys. The major radioactive peaks for Po metabolites showed peaks in the elution profile at or very near the Po standard, and corresponded with the celite co‐chromatography elution profile of Po standard when subjected to enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The second objective was to validate the application of EIA systems to measure fecal metabolites. Reproductive events of one female squirrel monkey across one annual reproductive cycle are described using the endocrine profile generated from fecal steroid assays. Examination of this profile confirmed that longitudinal fecal sampling and steroid hormone metabolite measurement in feces was not only feasible and practical, but accurately detected known reproductive events as well. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gradients of Rac1 nanoclusters support spatial patterns of Rac1 signaling

The dynamics of the cytoskeleton and cell shape relies on the coordinated activation of RhoGTPase molecular switches. Among them, Rac1 participates to the orchestration in space and time of actin branching and protrusion/retraction cycles of the lamellipodia at the cell front during mesenchymal migration. Biosensor imaging has revealed a graded concentration of active GTP-loaded Rac1 in protruding regions of the cell. Here, using single molecule imaging and super-resolution microscopy, we reveal an additional supramolecular organization of Rac1. We find that, similarly to H-Ras, Rac1 partitions and is immobilized into nanoclusters of 50-100 molecules each. These nanoclusters assemble due to the interaction of the polybasic tail of Rac1 with the phosphoinositide lipids PIP2 and PIP3. The additional interactions with GEFs, GAPs, downstream effectors, and possibly other partners are responsible for an enrichment of Rac1 nanoclusters in protruding regions of the cell. Using optogenetics and micropatterning tools, we find that activation of Rac1 leads to its immobilization in nanoclusters and that the local level of Rac1 activity matches the local density of nanoclusters. Altogether, our results show that subcellular patterns of Rac1 activity are supported by gradients of signaling nanodomains of heterogeneous molecular composition, which presumably act as discrete signaling platforms. This finding implies that graded distributions of nanoclusters might encode spatial information. Significance statement The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is a highly organized surface where hundreds of incoming signals are transduced to the intracellular space. How cells encode faithfully this myriad of signals is a fundamental question. Here we show that Rac1, a critical membrane-bound protein involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, forms small aggregates together with other regulating proteins. These supramolecular assemblies, called nanoclusters, are the “quantal” units of signaling. By increasing the local concentration, nanoclusters set thresholds for downstream signaling and ensure the fidelity of information transduction. We found that Rac1 nanoclusters are distributed as spatial gradients matching the patterns of Rac1 activity. We propose that cells can encode positional information through distributed signaling quanta, hereby ensuring spatial fidelity.
Efficacy and Safety of Lenalidomide in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: Lenalidomide has emerged as an important treatment for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, its role in the management of MM is still controversial and requires further clarification. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of lenalidomide for MM using a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched the electronic databases including: PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials. Seven randomized clinical trials were identified, which included a total of 2357 patients with MM who received lenalidomide-containing, noncontaining lenalidomide regimens or placebo as induction therapy or maintenance therapy. The outcomes included overall response (OR) rate, complete response (CR) rate, 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate, 3-year overall survival (OS) rate, and different types of treatment-related adverse events. We calculated the risk ratios (RRs) as well as their 95% confidence intervals of these outcomes and pooled the results using RevMan 5.2 software. Results: For patients with previously untreated MM, OR rate and CR rate was significantly higher in lenalidomide-containing group than the control group. For relapsed or refractory MM patients, lenalidomide-containing regimens significantly improved the OR rate, CR rate, 3-year PFS rate and 3-year OS rate. With regard to MM patients after autologous stem cell transplantation, lenalidomide maintenance therapy significantly improved 3-year PFS rate but did not result in improved 3-year OS rate. In terms of toxicities, lenalidomide therapy has a higher rate of Grade 3–4 grade cytopenias, infection, deep-vein thrombosis, and diarrhea. Furthermore, the incidence of second primary malignancies was significantly higher in the lenalidomide group. Conclusions: The lenalidomide-containing regimens as induction therapy clearly increased response rates and improved intervals of survival with acceptable toxicity rates for patients with MM. However, when physicians choose to use the lenalidomide as maintenance therapy, whether the benefits outweigh the risks should be taken into account.
Morphometrics and inertial properties in the body segments of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Inertial characteristics and dimensions of the body and body segments form an integral part of a biomechanical analysis of motion. In primate studies, however, segment inertial parameters of non‐human hominoids are scarce and often obtained using varying techniques. Therefore, the principal aim of this study was to expand the existing chimpanzee inertial property data set using a non‐invasive measuring technique. We also considered age‐ and sex‐related differences within our sample. By means of a geometric model based on Crompton et al. (1996 ; Am J Phys Anthropol 99, 547–570) we generated inertial properties using external segment length and diameter measurements of 53 anaesthetized chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We report absolute inertial parameters for immature and mature subjects and for males and females separately. Proportional data were computed to allow the comparison between age classes and sex classes. In addition, we calculated whole limb inertial properties and we discuss their potential biomechanical consequences. We found no significant differences between the age classes in the proportional data except for hand and foot measures where juveniles exhibit relatively longer and heavier distal segments than adults. Furthermore, most sex‐related differences can be directly attributed to the higher absolute segment masses in male chimpanzees resulting in higher moments of inertia. Additionally, males tend to have longer upper limbs than females. However, regarding proportional data we discuss the general inertial properties of the chimpanzee. The described segment inertial parameters of males and females, and of the two age classes, represent a valuable data set ready for use in a range of biomechanical locomotor models. These models offer great potential for improving our understanding of early hominin locomotor patterns.
Leaf Dimorphism in Aquatic Angiosperms: Significance of Turgor Pressure and Cell Expansion

Depending on environmental conditions, the aquatic angiosperm Callitriche heterophylia can develop two different leaf types with distinctive morphological characteristics. Cellular turgor pressure seems to act as the biophysical mechanism responsible for the selection of leaf form in control conditions designed to mimic the natural habitat of this plant. The experimental induction of leaf form involves the ability of various treatments to mediate cell expansion through their effects on turgor pressure or wall extensibility.
Modulation Performance of Three-Section Integrated MOPAs for Pseudorandom Lidar

The suitability of a three-section master oscillator power amplifier for pseudorandom lidar is investigated by means of the experimental characterization and analysis of its emission characteristics under modulation. The proposed architecture consists of a distributed feedback laser, a modulation section, and a tapered semiconductor optical amplifier. The modulation section acts as an absorber or amplifier when driven at zero or positive bias. Under pseudorandom modulation at 25 Mb/s, a high optical modulation amplitude and extinction ratio were achieved. The characterization of the emission spectra under modulation revealed typical features of frequency modulation due to the carrier-induced refractive index changes.