Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Negative Capacitance Devices and Technologies

Conventional device scaling has been the main guiding principle of the MOS device engineering over these past years. However, this aggressive scaling would be eventually limited due to the inability to remove the heat generated by MOSFET devices. The power dissipation would be lowered significantly if FETs could be operated at lower voltages, which is in contrast with having a sufficiently high on-current. In that pursuit, it was proposed that the minimum voltage requirement could be overcome if the ordinary gate oxide could be replaced by another stack that provides an effective negative capacitance (NC). For a MOSFET, a negative capacitor in the gate stack can make the total capacitance, looking into the gate, larger than the classical MOS capacitance. Thus, to induce the same amount of charge in the channel, one would require a smaller voltage than what would be needed classically. It is well established that ferroelectric materials can provide an effective NC in a certain range of polarization. The objective of this thesis is to study the negative capacitance effect of ferroelectrics on the performance of field-effect transistors. For this purpose, various NC-FETs and NC-TFETs have been designed and characterized. First, this work proposes a matching condition between the ferroelectric’s NC and the gate intrinsic capacitance of the reference transistor to ensure the maximum enhancement due to the NC effect as well as optimizing the hysteretic behavior. Afterward, based on the proposed condition, hysteretic, low hysteresis, and non-hysteretic NC-FETs using 28 nm CMOS node planar MOSFETs and FD-SOI FETs are experimentally demonstrated. In another device structure, the impact of the ferroelectric NC on TFETs is investigated and discussed. It is validated that by combining the advantages of band-to-band tunneling as the carrier injection mechanism and the NC of ferroelectrics, it is possible to obtain steep slope energy efficient switches with improved analog and digital performances. Novel InAs/InGaAsSb/GaSb nanowire TFETs and InGaAs planar TFETs are employed as the reference transistors. The potentials of the recently proposed CMOS compatible ferroelectric, silicon-doped HfO2, as the NC booster is investigated. The results show that further engineering and advancement is required to optimize the leakage and remanent polarization of this type of ferroelectrics. This work also suggests that a ferroelectric TFET using Si:HfO2 can be considered as an energy efficient 1T memory that can be scaled down to sub-100 nm technology nodes. Overall, this Ph.D. work highlights and validates the potentials of ferroelectric field-effect transistors for both steep slope and memory applications.
Methodology : Survey of Prison Inmates , 2016

In 2016, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) conducted the Survey of Prison Inmates (SPI), a national, wideranging survey of prisoners age 18 or older who were incarcerated in state or federal correctional facilities within the United States. SPI provides national statistics on prisoner characteristics across a variety of domains, such as current offense and sentence, incident characteristics, firearm possession and sources, criminal history, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, family background, drug and alcohol use and treatment, mental and physical health and treatment, and facility programs and rules violations. SPI can also be used to track changes in these characteristics over time, describe special populations of prisoners, and identify policy-relevant changes in the state and federal prison populations. This report is a technical discussion of the survey methodology employed by BJS for the 2016 SPI.
The Cuban Experiment : Institutions and the Wealth of Nations

This paper studies the role played by socialist institutions implemented in Cuba after the 1959 Revolution in its level of income per capita. We adopt the method of synthetic control developed by Abadie and Gardeazeabal (2003). Cuba is a natural candidate for such experiment, since it was the only country in Latin America that adopted a socialist regime in the 20 th century. In the Cuban case, evidence shows that the particular institutions adopted by the Revolutionary Cuban Government in 1959 had a negative impact on the level of GDP per capita for the period between 1959 and 1974. Our estimates suggest that had Cuba not changed its institutions, its GDP per capita level would have been on yearly average 28.5% higher than the performance actually achieved during the aforementioned period. The results are robust to the tests performed.
X-ray tomography shows the varying three-dimensional morphology of gold nanoaggregates in the cellular ultrastructure

The processing of nanoparticles inside eukaryotic cells is a key step in many wanted and unwanted nano-bio-interactions. In order to understand the effects and functions of the intracellular aggregates that are formed, their properties and their interaction with the biological matrix must be characterized. High quality synchrotron soft X-ray tomography (SXT) data were obtained from cells containing gold nanoparticles that are commonly applied as tools for optical probing or drug delivery. 3D volume rendering of both cellular organelles and the nanoparticle aggregates of different sizes in the intact cells of two cell lines reveals variation in localization, size, shape and density of the intracellular gold nanoaggregates. The dependence of such variation on incubation time and cell type, as well as on the influence of pre-aggregation of primary nanoparticles is shown. The SXT results provide a detailed picture of intracellular aggregation and will improve the design of safe and efficient nanoparticle platforms for biomedical use.
Does the water to cement ratio of concrete impact the value of its critical degree of saturation?

This study examines the influence of the water to cement ratio (w/c) on the critical degree of saturation (DOSCR) of cement paste samples using length change measurements. Length change was measured using thermomechanical analysis (TMA) for cement paste samples with different degrees of saturation (DOS), ranging from 100% DOS to 0% DOS. The damage induced by a freezing and thawing cycle (FT cycle) was deduced from length change measurements. The results obtained from length change measurements were correlated with the amount of freezable water obtained from low-temperature differential scanning calorimeter (LT-DSC) tests. It was observed that samples with a DOS greater than DOSCR exhibited damage while those with a DOS less than DOSCR did not show damage. It was concluded that the DOSCR slightly increases when the w/c increases from 0.35 to 0.45. However, there was not a significant increase in DOSCR when the w/c increases from 0.45 to 0.55. However, it should be noted that freeze-thaw performance is dependent on w/c. Indeed, permeability of cementitious materials and the amount of freezable water are directly dependent on the w/c and directly affect the freeze-thaw performance of concrete.
No Place to Hide: Inadvertent Location Privacy Leaks on Twitter

Abstract There is a natural tension between the desire to share information and keep sensitive information private on online social media. Privacy seeking social media users may seek to keep their location private by avoiding the mentions of location revealing words such as points of interest (POIs), believing this to be enough. In this paper, we show that it is possible to uncover the location of a social media user’s post even when it is not geotagged and does not contain any POI information. Our proposed approach Jasoos achieves this by exploiting the shared vocabulary between users who reveal their location and those who do not. To this end, Jasoos uses a variant of the Naive Bayes algorithm to identify location revealing words or hashtags based on both temporal and atemporal perspectives. Our evaluation using tweets collected from four different states in the United States shows that Jasoos can accurately infer the locations of close to half a million tweets corresponding to more than 20,000 distinct users (i.e., more than 50% of the test users) from the four states. Our work demonstrates that location privacy leaks do occur despite due precautions by a privacy conscious user. We design and evaluate countermeasures based Jasoos to mitigate location privacy leaks.
Observation of iron ore particle flow in a mineral spiral concentrator by positron emission particle tracking (PEPT)

This thesis describes how positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) was used to obtain detailed information on ore particle behaviour within a mineral spiral concentrator.A review of literature has shown a number of experimental measurements of clear water flow in spiral concentrator. However, this review highlighted the lack of quantitative information on the particle behaviour within a dense pulp, used in the operation of this equipment. Thus, for the first time, observations of separation of minerals at the flow scale were undertaken and are reported in this thesis. The description of mineral particle flow field in the spiral concentrator was made possible by the following work. First, large mineral particles (larger than 1000 micrometer) were activated via direct activation in a MC40 cyclotron (35 mega-electron volt Helium-3 beam). Second, a new procedure was developed for subsequent breakage, sizing and selection of surface fragments of a large particle in order to obtain small activated mineral tracers (approx. 100 micrometer). This is the first time such small representative mineral tracers were produced and enabled the observation of particle behaviour in dense and opaque pulp. Considering the low amount of activity carried by these small tracers, a high performance tracking system consisting of modular positron emission detector was designed and built. Subsequently, this new modular detector assembly was compared to an established detection system and tracking error was determined for particles of different mineral composition, size, speed and activity. Finally, the modular detector system was used ￼to observe, for the first time, the characteristic flow of hematite (5260 kilogram per cubic meter) and quartz (2650 kilogram per cubic meter) particles with size ranging between 90 and 1400 micrometer within a spiral concentrator. All measurements were carried out in a mineral (iron ore) pulp consisting of 20 percent solids by mass.In this thesis, the results describing mineral particle flow fields are presented in the form of trajectories, velocities, accelerations and resultant forces on the mineral tracer particle. Of key importance is the particle behaviour within the spiral secondary flow. For quartz particle of size 300 to 355 micrometer, radial velocity magnitude within the secondary flow ranged from 0.1 metre per second in the lower inward moving layer of the flow and reached up to 0.2 meter per second in the upper outward moving layers. This information is critical for the development of more efficient spiral concentrator since ore separation is a direct result of particle behaviour in this secondary flow. The new quantitative information obtained from this work will be used for the improvement and validation of particle and fluid flow simulations, now possible thanks to the advances in computational power. %%%%Cette these presente comment la technique de tracage de particule par emission de positron (positron emission particle tracking, PEPT) a ete utilisee pour obtenir de l'information detaillee sur…
First Principles Study of Gas Molecules Adsorption on Monolayered β-SnSe

For the purpose of exploring the application of two-dimensional (2D) material in the field of gas sensors, the adsorption properties of gas molecules, CO, CO2, CH2O, O2, NO2, and SO2 on the surface of monolayered tin selenium in β phase (β-SnSe) has been researched by first principles calculation based on density functional theory (DFT). The results indicate that β-SnSe sheet presents weak physisorption for CO and CO2 molecules with small adsorption energy and charge transfers, which show that a β-SnSe sheet is not suitable for sensing CO and CO2. The adsorption behavior of CH2O molecules adsorbed on a β-SnSe monolayer is stronger than that of CO and CO2, revealing that the β-SnSe layer can be applied to detect CH2O as physical sensor. Additionally, O2, NO2, and SO2 are chemically adsorbed on a β-SnSe monolayer with moderate adsorption energy and considerable charge transfers. All related calculations reveal that β-SnSe has a potential application in detecting and catalyzing O2, NO2, and SO2 molecules.
The Video Production of Space

This article examines how video recording practices excert an influence on the ways in which an organizational phenomenon—in our case organizational space—becomes available for analysis and understanding. Building on a performative and praxeological approach, we argue that the practical and material ways of conducting video-based research have a performative effect on the object of inquiry and do not simply record it. Focusing in particular on configurations of camera angle and movement—forming what we call the Panoramic View, the American-Objective View, the Roving Point-of-View, and the Infra-Subjective View—we find that these apparatuses privilege different spatial understandings both by orienting our gaze toward different analytical elements and qualifying these elements in different ways. Our findings advance the methodological reflections on video-based research by emphasizing that while video has a number of general affordances, the research practices with which we use it matter and have an impact both on the analytical process and the researcher’s findings.
1 Equilibrium Veto Players Veto Institutions , Cabinet Formation and Institutional Change

The paper explores the conditions under which institutional veto players can be influential in parliamentary and semi-presidential systems without being subject to significant reform pressures themselves. We argue that institutions with equal formal veto power differ systematically in their “restrictiveness”, i.e., in the extent to which they constrain the processes of legislation and cabinet formation. Based on a sample of 21 advanced democracies between 1955 and 2015, we argue that a newly created index of the restrictiveness can help us to explain patterns of cabinet formation as well as constitutional reform. Based on conditional logit analyses, we show that potential coalitions that control restrictive veto institutions are more likely to form, everything else being equal, whereas the same is not true for permissive veto institutions. We also show that restrictive veto institutions are more likely to be weakened or abolished, if their restrictiveness is not neutralized through consistently high levels of compositional congruence.
High Input Impedances Voltage-mode First-order Filters with Grounded Capacitors using CCIIs

Three high input impedances voltage-mode first-order filters are presented. The first proposed circuit uses one multi-output second-generation current conveyor, two resistors and one grounded capacitor. The second proposed circuit uses two second-generation current conveyors, three resistors and one grounded capacitor. The third proposed circuit uses one multi-output second-generation current conveyor, one resistor and two grounded capacitors. First-order lowpass and allpass filters can be simultaneously obtained in the first proposed circuit. First-order lowpass, highpass and allpass filters can be simultaneously obtained in the second proposed circuit. The third proposed circuit can realize first-order allpass filter. All the proposed circuits have the advantages of high input impedances and using only grounded capacitors.
Shear behaviour of polyolefin and steel fibre-reinforced concrete

Since the first appearance of concrete, various approaches have been taken in order to improve the behaviour of the material when subjected to tensile and bending stresses. Such approaches have provided enhancements in the ductility of the composite material. One of such approaches entails the addition of fibres in the concrete bulk mass. This has been employed in everyday practice in slabs, precast tunnel linings and pipes for more than 50 years. The contribution of fibres to the mechanical properties of concrete enable, if certain requirements are complied with, a reduction or even substitution of the steel bars found in reinforced concrete. The contribution of fibres to structural design can be contemplated only if several conditions are met. Such conditions are established by certain recommendations, with the Model Code 2010 (MC2010) being the most widely accepted. MC2010 describes the residual stresses that should be borne by the fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) when performing three-point bending tests on notched specimens, assessed according to EN-14651. Shear stresses should also be taken into account in the structural design. In addition, fibres might contribute to the shear strength of the FRC. However, at the time of writing there has been little published research regarding this. This contribution seeks to improve the current state of the art concerning the behaviour of FRC with steel (SFRF) and polyolefin (PFRC) fibres subjected to fracture under mode II condition. Both fibres are considered as structural ones in several concrete national codes and regulations. In order to do so, an experimental campaign was designed based on shear push-off tests. Conventional monitoring techniques were complemented with digital image correlation (DIC) systems. DIC permitted detection of the onset and development of cracks during the tests, featuring the cracking patterns of SFRC and PFRC subjected to shear stresses. The results showed that changes in the fibre type modified the mechanical behaviour of the materials studied. Moreover, the ductility of SFRC and PFRC alike were assessed and the fracture energy obtained. The combination of the conventional measuring techniques and DIC allowed correlation of the cracking development with the mechanical behaviour during the test.
Ju l 2 01 9 Combinatorial t-designs from quadratic functions

Combinatorial t-designs have been an interesting topic in combinatorics for decades. It was recently reported that the image sets of a fixed size of certain special polynomials may constitute a t-design. Till now only a small amount of work on constructing t-designs from special polynomials has been done, and it is in general hard to determine their parameters. In this paper, we investigate this idea further by using quadratic functions over finite fields, thereby obtain infinite families of 2-designs, and explicitly determine their parameters. The obtained designs cover some earlier 2-designs as special cases. Furthermore, we confirmed Conjecture 3 in Ding and Tang (arXiv: 1903.07375, 2019).
RANS modeling of Laminar Separation Bubbles around Airfoils at Low Reynolds conditions

In this paperwe evaluate the performance of an algebraic non-local laminar separation transition triggering (LSTT) approach that controls the production of turbulence in the transitional region. The LSTT approach is coupled to the k-! and Spalart-Allmaras turbulence models and the AHD-Gleyzes transition prediction criterion. Diverse low Reynolds number flow configurations featuring laminar separation bubbles are investigated, such as flat-plate case, NACA 0012 airfoil, SD7003 airfoil and T106C turbine airfoil. The influence of chord-based Reynolds number, angle of attack and inflow turbulence level on the prediction capabilities of the LSTT approach are assessed. Good agreement with available DNS, LES and experimental data is obtained.
A new dilemma for Brazilian agribusiness: improve l ogistics or face regulatory demands from biotechnology?

This paper provides a soybean trade assessment of strict documentation requirements on traded shipments from Brazil. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impacts of segregating different grains in Brazil’s transport logistics and storage, especially genetically modified (GM) grains according to the guidelines of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) as well as developments in competitiveness in international markets. Adoption of biotechnology in the production of maize, soybeans and cotton has grown rapidly and it has occurred in parallel with a expansion of transaction cost in the regulation of the main procedures (segregation costs and identity preservation process). The growth in exports of Brazilian agricultural commodities has generated many positive effects, but at the same time has revealed the country’s logistical weaknesses. In view of the inefficient transport and storage systems, the compliance with Cartagena Protocol demands related to traceability and identity preservation possibly will harm the Brazilian competitiveness. To incorporate aspects related to the segmentation of differentiated grains, such as the cost of tests to identify the differentiated grains, the development of a model formulated as a Mixed Complementarity Problem (MCP) is proposed. The results show that the cost of transport increases the number of tests along the path and also increased the segregated storage. Therefore it implies a reduction of sales, especially oriented to foreign market and, thus a decrease in production. The system once implemented could cause a reduction in the total of Brazilian soybeans trade. In one of the scenarios proposed it was reduced by 3.9%, a total loss of US$1.60 billion (tests and storage expenses and international trade reductions). However, it is observed that transport logistics are affected by the requirements of the Cartagena Protocol. Thus, more rigid is the identification process, the greater will be the impact on sales. The demands to indentify GM affect the diffusion of technology. For special purposes and differentiated grains, bilateral contracts could be a solution.
CFD simulation of transport and reaction in cylindrical catalyst particles

iii In order to focus on the 3D intra-pellet distributions of temperature and species, diffusion and reaction were coupled to the external flow and temperature fields by userdefined code. Strong deviations from uniformity and symmetry on the temperature and species distributions existed as a result of the strong wall heat-flux into the particles Additionally, the pseudo-continuum type of packed bed model was created, which considers the simplified environment for the reacting particles. The results obtained by the diffusion reaction application in the 3D discrete packing model could not be reproduced by the conventional simplified pseudo-continuum approach, no matter which parameter values were chosen for the latter. The significance of these observations is that, under the conventional assumption of symmetric particle surroundings, the tube wall temperature and reaction rates for catalyst particles can be incorrectly evaluated and important design considerations may not be well predicted, thus, negative consequences on the plant safety and efficiency may be observed.