Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep-water seed populations for red tide blooms in the Gulf of Mexico

Populations of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis that remain near the benthos in deep shelf water in the Gulf of Mexico could be the source for toxic bloom occurrences near shore. A biophysical dynamic simulation model and migrating drifters were used to assess whether such 'seed populations' could persist in nature. The vertical migration responses of plankton to an exclusively benthic nutrient source and light limitation would result in near-benthic behavioral trapping of a slowly growing population in conditions found on the West Florida Shelf (WFS). The model in- dicated that for a 50 m deep bottom, a 2-m-thick layer of ≥2 µmol NO3 - /NO2 - fluxing from the benthos was the minimum needed to permit growth for dark- adapted K. brevis in an oligotrophic water column. Growth rates depended more on the duration of expo- sure to nutrients than on concentration; a 1-m-thick nutrient layer sustained minimum growth levels inde- pendently of the nutrient distri bution at depths ≤40 m. Field experiments using Autonomous Behaving La- grangian Explorer drifters (ABLEs) that exhibited bio- mimetic vertical migration responses to the external environment demonstrated a benthically-oriented movement pattern in response to natural light and cues correlated with elevated near-benthic nutrients. Aver- age measurements of nutrients and light from the bot- tom 2 m of the water column in a potential bloom- forming region of the WFS were higher than the model-generated requirements for growth, suggesting that coastal nutrient distributions could support a ben- thic population offshore. Under upwelling conditions, such populations could be advected inshore to frontal convergence zones and form toxic 'red tide' blooms.
An Examination of the Benefits of Factor Investing in U.K. Stock Returns

This study uses the Bayesian approach of Wang (1998) to examine the benefits of factor investing in U.K. stock returns in the presence of market frictions. My study finds that factor investing provides significant performance benefits when the benchmark investment universe is the market index, even in the presence of market frictions such as portfolio constraints and trading costs. However when the benchmark investment universe includes industry portfolios, market frictions, such as no short selling constraints and trading costs, tends to eliminate the benefits of factor investing. Imposing less restrictive portfolio constraints, factor investing can generate significant performance for investors with higher risk aversion levels.
A Study of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Adolescent and Young Girls in a Tertiary Care Hospital, GIMSR, Visakhapatnam

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common condition in the reproductive age group, previously associated with obesity & high body mass index. It is now seen in significant numbers in the adolescents & younger age group. Materials & Methods: The study is a retrospective cross sectional study conducted in Radiodiagnosis Department, GIMSR, from July 2017 – 2018 in 510 female patients reported with chief complaints of irregular periods/oligomenorrhoea/ amenorrhoea for USG evaluation for PCOS diagnosis based on Rotterdam criteria. Results: Out of 510 patients, 428 (83.9%) were diagnosed with PCOS based on ultrasound criteria. Based on their age among 428 (83.9%) patients, they were grouped into young girls 213 (50%), adolescents 122 (28%) & adults 93 (22%). Within the young age group, the prevalence rate was high in students 113 (53%). Among adolescents, college students 122 (100%) showed highest PCOS. Among the adult age group, high PCOS was identified in professionals 44 (47%). It was also found that, the PCOS prevalence rate in student group was higher in adolescents 78 (50%) with normal BMI. Conclusion: There is an upward trend in the presence of polycystic ovaries in adolescent & younger females who are non-obese and even under obese. This group mostly constitutes school students, students pursuing professional courses & young professionals. The trend could be attributed to the increased mental stress and sedentary lifestyle in this population, which could be important contributory factor in addition to the biochemical changes.
Growth and phenological stages of Búlida apricot trees in south-east Spain

The authors are grateful to JP Perez-Abellan, M Garcia, and J Soto for their assistance. The study was supported by CICYT (HID1999-951; AGL2000-0387- C05-04) grant to the authors. A. Perez-Pastor was a recipient of a research fellowship from the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain.
Principal competencies and the achievement of national education standard in Indonesia

This research aims to investigate the level of principal competencies among principals in the Southern Province of Sulawesi, Indonesia and determine if possible model could be built to show the relationship between principal competencies and the achievement of Indonesian Education Standard. There were 154 respondents of the senior assistant teachers from 40 State Secondary Schools (SMA) in the Southern Province of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results of descriptive data analysis demonstrated that the competency level of school principals and the level of national education standard of Indonesia were scored at high level. Using these results, further analysis was done using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and the results showed that there were significant relationships between the competency levels of school principals and the achievement of the national education standard of Indonesia (SNP).
Cicindis horni Bruch (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Cicindini): The Fairy Shrimp Hunting Beetle, its way of life on the Salinas Grandes of Argentina

Discovery of a large population of the rare and poorly known carabid beetle Cicindis horni Bruch on the Salinas Grandes of C rdoba Province, Argentina provided an opportunity to record aspects of its behavior and life history, and to test several hypotheses previously made about it way of life. This highly unusual species was known in the literature from the description of only two museum specimens and its phylogenetic relationships ambiguous. Adults spend the night in search of food or mates swimming on the water surface of alkaline water bodies. Mid-tibial natatorial setae, tarsal setal fringes, ventral vestiture, and genal/pronotal planing surfaces plus decumbent and very sharply pointed mandibles are specific adaptations that permit adults of this species to behave as swimming superspecialist predators. Therefore, there have been four independent invasions of the aquatic habitat by adephagan Coleoptera. Populations of C. horni Bruch are probably limited by the extent of the great salt flats of Argentina (550,000 hectares) located in north-central Argentina and are further limited edaphically within the overall geographic range.
The Impacts and Efficacy of Social Networks as Part of eLearning in English Department, Petra Christian University

In association with teaching profession, in this digital world, the use of internet as the part of teaching process as well as classroom activities has been extremely used in many majors and universities. The use of internet can give many benefits especially in language learning. Here internet provides supplemental language activities which can provide students with additional practice in specific areas of language learning. These include reading tests and comprehension questions, grammar exercises, cloze tests, vocabulary exercises, and so forth. This is known well as eLearning. Along with this fast changing world, English Department, Petra Christian University, tries to follow this changing world especially on the teaching process with using eLearning in its class activities. Lecturers who have had orientation in using internet tools give web based projects or assignments on different topics which necessitate students holding online discussions with their peers through Blogs created by their teachers or in most famous social networking, facebook. This paper particularly wants to explore the impacts of the discussion application in facebook to support students’ class activities in the writing classes. It particularly wants to explore whether the use of social networks gives them some benefits, and whether it is effective.
A comparison of hispine beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) associated with three orders of monocot host plants in lowland Panama

The feeding traces in fossil ginger leaves and the conserved phylogenetic relationships seen today in certain clades of hispine beetles on their monocot hosts point towards a long and intimate plant-insect evolutionary relationship. Studies in the 1970s and 1980s documented the rich fauna of rolled-leaf hispine beetles and their association with the Neotropical monocot family Heliconiaceae in Central America. In this report, the taxonomic breadth of these early studies is expanded to include species in the families, Marantaceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae and Costaceae, all with species occurring sympatrically with the Heliconiaceae in lowland Panama. Additionally, the analysis is widened to include open-leaf scraping and internal leaf-mining clades of hispoid Cassidinae. The censuses add more than 5080 Cassidinae herbivore occurrence records on both open and unfurled new leaf rolls of 4600 individual plants. Cluster analysis reveals that while many Hispinae species tend to group with plant species in only one of the three monocot orders, 9 of 16 Hispinae species on Zingiberales hosts were recorded in substantial numbers on both the Heliconiaceae and the Marantaceae, indicating an underlying pattern of feeding flexibility at the host plant family level.
The curriculum and citizenship education in the context of inequality: Seeking a praxis of hope

In South Africa, more than most countries, the meaning of citizenship and related rights has faced severe contestation centred on categories such as race, class and nation. Close to two decades after the first democratic elections, notions of citizenship in South Africa represent a complex dynamic involving a combination of one or another of these social constructs, as they relate at different times to changing social, political and economic imperatives. In this article we explain that analyses of citizenship education in South Africa have traversed different phases over the last two decades and discuss some of the research on how ideas and values around citizenship are translated into classroom practice. We then examine notions about citizenship and social justice in the shadow of the xenophobic or Afrophobic attacks of 2008/2009 and in the light of the present rise in racial tensions within and across communities in South Africa. Our conclusion highlights the paradox that, despite the normative framework of the Constitution, policies and the curriculum, structural inequalities in society will continue to thwart attempts at social cohesion. Keywords: citizenship education, South Africa, social justice, rights, inequality, political mobilisation, identity, civic praxis, critical pedagogy, ethics, hope.
An Investigation of Differences and Changes in L2 Writing Anxiety between Blended and Conventional English Language Learning Context

This study investigated the influence of blended vs. conventional writing environments and L2 proficiency on cognitive, somatic, and behavioral components of L2 English writing anxiety. Second language anxiety was measured using Cheng’s (2004) Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (L2WAI) which measures cognitive, somatic, and behavioral components of L2 writing anxiety. Students were separated into a blended learning group that completed writing assignments through online forums and a conventional pen-and-paper group that completed writing assignments by hand. Students in both groups were required to write 200-300 words per task as well as provide feedback to two other students for each task. Students in the blended learning group provided feedback through the course learning management system while those in the conventional group provided feedback in class. Behavioral anxiety was found to be the highest for both groups followed by somatic and then cognitive. Post-L2WAI results found that blended learning students reported increases in behavioral anxiety while conventional pen-and-paper ones had increases in somatic anxiety. No decreases in anxiety were observed. A positive linear relationship was found when comparing L2 writing anxiety and L2 proficiency. Qualitative data from open-ended survey items provided better understanding to student perceptions of L2 writing anxiety. Research findings provide support for pedagogical recommendations to mitigate L2 writing anxiety.
Board Changes and the Director Labor Market: The Case of Mergers

We examine the stability and composition of acquirer boards around mergers and the director characteristics associated with selection for the post-merger board. Our results indicate that the post-merger board changes substantially and variation is significantly different from both non-merger years and non-merging firms. Adjustments reflect firms upgrading skills associated with executive and merger experience and bargaining between targets and acquirers, rather than agency motives. Conversely, director selection at non-merging firms is driven by general skills and diversity. Our analyses provide insight into the dynamic nature of board structure and characteristics valued in the director labor market.
OF ELECTRON TRANSPORT PROPERTIES IN BULK InGaAs

A Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport in In0.53Ga0. 47As and InAs is performed in order to extract the main kinetic parameters: mean valley population, effective mass, drift velocity, mean energy, ohmic and differential mobility. Most of these quantities are crucial for the development of macroscopic numerical models. Moreover, for some calculated quantities, analytical interpolation equations are given in order to achieve easy implementation in numerical codes. A comparison between our Monte Carlo calculation and several experimental and theoretical calculations is also carried out in order to validate the results.
On Erdős–Ko–Rado for Random Hypergraphs II

Denote by ${\mathcal H}_k$(n, p) the random k-graph in which each k-subset of {1,. ,n} is present with probability p, independent of other choices. More or less answering a question of Balogh, Bohman and Mubayi, we show: there is a fixed ε > 0 such that if n = 2k + 1 and p > 1 - ε, then w.h. p. (that is, with probability tending to 1 as k → ∞), ${\mathcal H}_k$(n, p) has the ‘Erdős–Ko–Rado property’. We also mention a similar random version of Sperner's theorem.
Peach palm core collection in Brazilian Amazonia

The Peach palm Active Germplasm Bank has abundant genetic diversity in its holdings. Because it is a live collection, maintenance, characterization and evaluation are expensive, restricting its use. One way to promote more efficient use is to create a Core Collection, a set of accessions with at least 70% of the genetic diversity of the full collection with minimal repetition. The available geographic, molecular marker (RAPD) and morphometric information was systematized and the populations were stratified into wild and domesticated. The Core Collection consists of 10% of the entire collection: 31 accessions of landraces, 5 accessions of non-designated populations and 4 accessions of wild populations. The Core has 92% of the molecular polymorphism and 95% of the heterozygosity of the full collection, with minimal divergence between them by molecular variance. The Core is already receiving priority maintenance, which will contribute to long term conservation.
Out of Africa: Human Capital Consequences of in Utero Conditions

This paper investigates the effects of environmental conditions during pregnancy on later life outcomes using quasi-experimental variation created by the immigration of Ethiopian Jews to Israel in May 24th 1991. Children in utero prior to immigration faced dramatic differences in medical care technologies, prenatal conditions, and prenatal care at the move from Ethiopia to Israel. One of the major differences was adequacy of micronutrient supplements, particularly iodine, iron and folic acid. We find that children exposed in an earlier stage of the pregnancy to better environmental conditions in utero have two decades later higher educational attainment (lower repetition and dropout rates and higher Baccalaureate rate) and higher education quality (achieve a higher proficiency level in their Baccalaureate diploma). The average treatment effect we estimate is driven mainly by a strong effect on girls. We find however, no effect on birth weight or mortality for girls.
Public Spending On Health Care and Health Outcomes: Cross-Country Comparison

This study aims to analyze the effect of government spending on healthcare on health outcomes with cross-national comparison. We run crosssectional regressions to estimate the strength of association between child and infant mortality rate and public health expenditures in worldwide sample. We find statistically significant and robust results by various specifications. We found government health spending as a share of GDP is negatively associated with lower level of under-5 mortality by elasticities of from -0.17 to -0.22. The elasticity is -0.20 for infant mortality. When government spending as a share total health expenditures is used as estimator, elasticities are -0.33 for under-5 mortality and -0.23 and -. 0.32 for infant mortality. We also found significant and negative coefficient a number of socio-political determinants such as the law and order, education level, population as well as income level as a main determinant. Compared to previous studies, we found the income level to be slightly less significant and the public health spending to be slightly more significant empirically.
Developing Student-Writers’ Self-efficacy Beliefs

Based on Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura 1986) research in academic writing and self-efficacy has shown that there is a relationship between students’ performance and their belief in their writing abilities (Matoti and Shumba 2011, Shah et al. 2011, Prat-Sala and Redford 2012). Using questionnaires, interviews and an assessed written task, this study seeks to contribute to this research by exploring the relationship between writing proficiency and self-efficacy beliefs of undergraduate students taking an Advanced Writing Skills course. The aims of the study were to find out a) what the writing proficiency self-ratings of students doing the Advanced Writing Skills course are like b) their writing self-efficacy beliefs c) what they perceive to be problems related to their writing skills and d) whether there is any relationship between performance level of the students and their self-efficacy beliefs. An analysis of the results reveals that although students’ self-rating was high, their efficacy beliefs were moderate. The results of the present study also reveal that there was no relationship between students’ essay writing performance and their self-efficacy beliefs in the context of this study. This article argues that although self-efficacy beliefs need not be high for students to be motivated to perform better, boosting these beliefs can add to students’ tools for developing their writing competence.
Reconstructing the time history of the air‐sea CO2 disequilibrium and its rate of change in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic, 1972–1989

This study determines the temporal changes of wintertime surface ocean partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2SW) in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic (esNA) (50–64°N; 32–10°W) by using data of carbon‐system parameters and chlorofluorocarbon‐12 acquired in 1993. Wintertime pCO2SW and its temporal trend from early 1970s through to the late 1980s were reconstructed through the application of a back‐calculation method that isolates surface variations which have been transmitted to the ocean interior during the formation of Subpolar Mode Water. Our computations suggest a pCO2SW growth rate (3 μatm/yr) which is twice as large as that of atmospheric pCO2, 1.47 μatm/yr. The sensitivity of the estimated pCO2SW growth rate to remineralization ratios as well as to the CFC‐12‐derived ages is discussed. Cooling and northward advection of surface water equilibrated with the increasing atmospheric CO2 is suggested as the process responsible for the excessive pCO2SW growth rate.
Constructing a seasonal carbon balance for a forest ecosystem

Process based models of carbon dynamics in temperate forest ecosystems are often limited by inadequate data and/or model structures dealing with whole canopy physiology of mature trees, carbon allocation below-ground, and phenology and control of growth processes (carbon allocation). However, forest simulation models are useful tools for scaling up and integrating diverse field measurements, and evaluating complex hypotheses. As an example of this approach, we compared the pattern of carbon exchange of a pine forest in north Florida (USA) with the tropospheric CO2 concentration (measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, USA) over 2 yr. Daily ecosystem carbon gain and loss were largely in phase. Seasonal net ecosystem fluxes were smaller than observed for forests at higher latitudes and were poorly col-related with dev~ations in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.
Fathers' childcare and parental leave policies: Evidence from Western European Countries and Canada

The study at hand pursues the following question: How are national parental leave arrangements related to fathers' participation in and time used for childcare? To answer this question, we merge data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) with national parental leave characteristics. Specifically, we are using 30 surveys from eight industrialised countries from 1971 to 2005. Applying a selection model, we are estimating fathers' participation in childcare and the minutes per day spent on childcare. We control for the following parental leave characteristics: duration of leave, amount of benefits and the number of weeks reserved for the father. The main results are that duration of parental leave, exclusive weeks for the father and any benefit compared to no benefit have a positive impact on fathers' childcare participation. Parental leave weeks reserved for the father and parental leave benefits affect fathers' minutes of childcare positively. It is concluded that parental leave characteristics have effects on fathers' childcare participation and time spent on childcare, but that parental leave policies have to be evaluated within the framework of each country's family policy package.
Factors Influencing Student Engagement

The purpose of this study was to assess and outline major factors influencing student engagement in the middle school context. In order to contribute to the existing body of research and to benefit students by outlining the particular aspects of learning experience that are related to engagement, a case study has been carried out, which sought to analyze the students’ schooling experience as a source of valuable data. Qualitative methods of data collection were applied during the study. The survey, focus-group interview, and observations allowed classifying the factors influencing the levels of engagement among the study participants into five major clusters: 1) communication, collaboration, active involvement into learning activities, and enriching educational experiences; 2) interactions between students and teachers; 3) levels of academic challenge; 4) supporting classroom environment; and 5) supporting family environment. These clusters unite factors that were found to produce the greatest influence on students’ eagerness to participate in in-class activities and on students’ perception of the importance of education, as well as desire to succeed academically.