Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capturing change : a review of the implementation of Restorative Approaches and its outcomes within a local authority in North East England.

In 2007-08 Durham County Council successfully secured funding from the Dedicated Schools Grant (DSG) to support the implementation of Restorative Approaches in two secondary schools over a three year period. The long term overarching aims of the Restorative Approaches project are inextricably linked to positive learning outcomes and achievement delivered through: promoting mutually respectful relationships; building community cohesion; developing resilient and self-regulating learners; promoting positive learning environments; and removing the causal factors leading to non-attendance, conflict and misbehaviour. Having explored a range of approaches, the work of Dr Belinda Hopkins, which offers an educative and skills based approach, was deemed most appropriate in terms of delivering the vision and aims of the project. Following a rigorous evaluation of the implementation of Restorative Approaches in the two project schools, positive changes were found in pupils’ and teachers’ ability to understand and communicate better with one another, in school ethos and behaviour, and in pupils’ attitudes towards teaching and learning resulting in higher levels of participation and engagement.
Introduction of DNA into chick embryos by in ovo electroporation.

Gene transfer by in ovo electroporation has been applied to the study of developmental biology, especially to central nervous system (CNS) development. Plasmids are injected into the neural tube of stage 10 chick embryos, and a 25-V 25-msec square pulse is applied five times. Since DNA moves toward the anode, the cathode side of the neural tube is transfected, and the cathode side is used as the control. Expression of translation product of the introduced DNA is observed 2 h after electroporation, peaks around 20 h after electroporation and then weakens. Expression is transient when plasmids are used as expression vectors, but they are very suitable for studying early developmental events (e.g., gene expression cascades or interactions). Misexpression of Pax-5 is shown as an example.
[Monitoring renal microcirculation perfusion alteration with contrast-enhanced ultrasound during cardiopulmonary bypass].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the monitoring of renal microcirculation perfusion alteration with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS Renal microcirculation perfusion before and during CPB was assessed by CEU. Time-intensity curve (TIC) were derived from three region of interest (ROI) using QLAB post-analysis software. Parameters such as TIC curve wash in slope (A), area under curve (AUC), peak intensity (DPI) as well as time to peak intensity (TTP) were then calculated. RESULTS Contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed a significant reduction (or elongation) of perfusion parameter (A, AUC, DPI, TTP) in all three regions (superficial cortex, deep cortex and medulla) during cardiopulmonary bypass in comparison with normal cardiac cycle. CONCLUSION Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has a dramatic impact on renal microcirculation in pediatric patients which manifest as global reduction in renal perfusion as well as significant region perfusion difference. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) could detect the renal microcirculation alteration during CPB.
Salivary cortisol as a predictor of socioemotional adjustment during kindergarten: a prospective study.

This study, based on a sample of 172 children, examined the relation between average afternoon salivary cortisol levels measured at home at age 4.5 years and socioemotional adjustment a year and a half later, as reported by mothers, fathers, and teachers. Cortisol levels were hypothesized to be positively associated with withdrawal-type behaviors (e.g., internalizing, social wariness) and inversely related to approach-type behaviors, both negative and positive (e.g., externalizing, school engagement). Higher cortisol levels at age 4.5 predicted more internalizing behavior and social wariness as reported by teachers and mothers, although child gender moderated the relation between cortisol and mother report measures. An inverse relation was found between boys' cortisol levels and father report of externalizing behavior. A marginal inverse relation was found between child cortisol levels and teacher report of school engagement. Behavior assessed concurrently with cortisol collection did not account for the prospective relations observed,suggesting that cortisol adds uniquely to an understanding of behavioral development.
The role of late/slow replication of the FRA16D in common fragile site induction

The FRA16D, at 16q23, spans the WWOX gene and is one of the most highly expressed common fragile sites observed when DNA replication is perturbed by aphidicolin. Several lines of evidence suggest that fragile sites are regions of DNA that are unusually sensitive to interference during replication. We have determined that the FRA16D alleles replicate in a synchronous fashion and that replication of these sequences occurs primarily in late S phase extending into G2 phase. Exposure to aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase α, results in a modest increase in cells with replication of FRA16D sequences in early S phase. This may represent initiation of replication in early S phase coupled with slow replication progression, or, alternatively, these cells may have passed through mitosis, entered the G1‐S phase of the next cell cycle, and initiated replication/repair. Our results support a model in which common fragile sites are sequences that may initiate replication in early‐mid S phase but are slow to complete replication, and the chromosomal breaks and gaps observed in metaphase cells result from unreplicated DNA. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marketing Activities, Strategic Competition, and Firm Value

This study extends prior literature on the effect of marketing activities on firm value by investigating whether the nature of strategic competition affects financial outcomes differentially. Using the competitive strategy measure (CSM), we show that marketing spending is beneficial (detrimental) to firm value when the firm is in strategic substitutes (complements) and the efficacy is a decreasing function of the degree of the industry competition. The relative competitive position of a firm in the industry — whether it is a leader or a follower — matters in the quality and size of the effect of marketing spending. By bifurcating the nature of strategic competition into strategic substitutes and complements, we disentangle the dichotomous effects of marketing activities on firm value.
Giving respondents “time to think” reduces response randomness in repeated discrete choice tasks

Quantifying the monetary value of ecosystem services provided by coastal and marine resources can help policy makers assess the trade-offs and synergies inherent in ecosystem -based management of marine and coastal environments, thus increasing the social efficiency of decision-making processes. As shown by the valuation literature, the number of coastal and marine management settings where valuation researchers have attempted to make a contribution is rising fast. However, this rise in research activity has not been matched by the increase in the use of economic valuation (EV) in the actual management of coastal and marine resources. This raises an interesting question: is EV responding to the needs of policy makers? This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the knowledg e base regarding the economic values for coastal and marine ecosystems. It then discusses how to improve the uptake of ES valuation research by focussing on two core issues which are thought to be essential for more effective communication with the policy community.
Job burnout and engagement among teachers - Worklife areas and personality traits as predictors of relationships with work.

INTRODUCTION The main goal of the present study was to analyze the burnout syndrome due to selected personality traits (based on the Cloninger's psychobiological personality model and positive and negative affectivity) and the degree of mismatch between teachers and their work environment (described in terms of the Model of Worklife Areas). The 2nd goal was to determine if the participants could be classified into different burnout profile groups (clusters) based on their burnout dimension (exhaustion, cynicism and efficacy) scores and whether those groups differed significantly with regard to their personality traits and levels of mismatch between them and the workplace. MATERIAL AND METHODS Individual and contextual factors responsible for burnout were analyzed in a group of 205 Polish teachers who completed a set of questionnaires: Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Scale, Areas of Worklife Scale, Temperament and Character Inventory, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. RESULTS The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that teachers' efficacy is determined only by personality factors, while exhaustion and cynicism are determined by both individual and organizational variables. The cluster analysis revealed 3 groups (burnout, engaged, ineffective) that varied in the level of all burnout dimensions. Teachers experiencing burnout perceived a higher level of mismatch between themselves and the work environment, compared to the engaged teachers demonstrating better alignment. The engaged teachers were lower on negative affectivity and higher on self-directedness as compared to the burnout group. CONCLUSIONS The study provided insight into the role of individual factors in the development of teacher burnout and engagement. Negative affectivity could be considered as a predisposing risk factor and self-directedness as a protective factor for burnout.
Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: current practice in Canadian intensive care units.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current use of strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and to identify interventions to target for quality-improvement initiatives. DESIGN Cross-sectional national survey. SETTING Canadian intensive care units (ICUs) with at least 8 beds. PATIENTS Seven hundred and two patients in 66 ICUs in 10 provinces in Canada. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The Canadian Critical Care Trials Group recently developed VAP prevention guidelines. Before these guidelines were disseminated, we documented the extent to which these recommendations were followed in practice by using 3 methods: survey of ICU directors, prospective observation of patients on one day, and retrospective review of patient charts for a 12-day period. According to ICU directors, ventilator circuits were changed only for new patients or if the circuit was soiled in 7 of 66 ICUs (10%), heat and moisture exchangers were used routinely in 53 of 66 ICUs (80%), and closed-suction catheter systems were used in 58 of 66 ICUs (88%). Neither subglottic secretion drainage tubes nor prophylactic antibiotics for VAP were used at all. Of the entire cohort of 702 patients, the average degree of elevation of the head of the bed was 29.9 degrees (range, 0 degrees -90 degrees ) and 22 of 702 (3.1%) were observed to be on a kinetic bed. Of the 459 patients receiving any form of mechanical ventilation, 56 (12.2%) were receiving noninvasive or mask ventilation, 262 (57.1%) were orally intubated, 9 (1.9%) were nasally intubated, and 132 (28.8%) had received a tracheostomy. Of the 423 patients who received nutrition support, 373 (88.2%) received enteral nutrition. Small bowel feeding tubes were used during 16.4% of study days on enteral feeds and sucralfate was prescribed for 1.7% of study days. CONCLUSIONS Significant opportunities exist to improve VAP prevention practices in Canada. These strategies include decreasing the frequency of ventilator circuit changes, and increasing the use of non-invasive ventilation, subglottic secretion drainage endotracheal tubes, kinetic bed therapy, small bowel feedings, and elevation of the head of the bed.
[Effectiveness of forgiveness therapy on resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality of wives of alcoholics].

PURPOSE In this study the effects of forgiveness therapy on the resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality of wives of men suffering from alcohol abuse was examined. METHODS The study design was a quasi-experimental design. Forgiveness therapy was conducted once a week for 12 weeks. Data were obtained from March 2012 to December 2013. Participants were chosen from women in two Alcohol Counseling Centers. Of the 29 participants, 16 were assigned to the experimental group and 13 to the control group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, χ(2)-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS There were statistically significantly differences for resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality between the experimental and control groups. Forgiveness therapy improved the resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<.05). In follow-up tests, the experimental group had a statistically significantly increase only in self-esteem. CONCLUSION This study results show that forgiveness therapy is effective in improving resilience, self-esteem, and spirituality in wives of men suffering from alcohol abuse. Therefore, forgiveness therapy can be considered a useful nursing intervention to promote improvements in emotional stability and provide pain relief for these wives.
Resistance training for strength: effect of number of sets and contraction speed.

PURPOSE To compare effects on strength in the early phase of resistance training with one or three sets and fast or slow speeds. METHODS A total of 115 healthy, untrained subjects were randomized to a control group or one of four training groups: one set fast (approximately 140 degrees.s(-1)), three sets fast, one set slow (approximately 50 degrees.s(-1)), or three sets slow. All subjects attended training 3 x wk(-1) for 6 wk. Subjects in the training groups performed unilateral elbow flexion contractions with a target six- to eight-repetition maximum load. Control subjects sat at the training bench but did not train. One repetition maximum strength, arm circumference, and biceps skinfold thickness were measured before and after training. RESULTS One slow set increased strength by 25% (95% CI 13-36%, P < 0.001). Three sets of training produced greater increases in strength than one set (difference = 23% of initial strength, 95% CI 12-34%, P < 0.001) and fast training resulted in a greater increase in strength than slow training (difference = 11%, 95% CI 0.2-23%, P = 0.046). The interaction between sets and speed was negative (-15%) and of borderline significance (P = 0.052), suggesting there is a benefit of training with three sets or fast speeds, but there is not an additive benefit of training with both. CONCLUSIONS Three sets of exercise produce twice the strength increase of one set in the early phase of resistance training. Training fast produces greater strength increases than training slow; however, there does not appear to be any additional benefit of training with both three sets and fast contractions.
Dietary fiber and the short‐chain fatty acid acetate promote resolution of neutrophilic inflammation in a model of gout in mice

Gout is a disease characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints. Continuous gout episodes may lead to unresolved inflammatory responses and tissue damage. We investigated the effects of a high‐fiber diet and acetate, a short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) resulting from the metabolism of fiber by gut microbiota, on the inflammatory response in an experimental model of gout in mice. Injection of MSU crystals into the knee joint of mice induced neutrophil influx and inflammatory hypernociception. The onset of inflammatory response induced by MSU crystals was not altered in animals given a high‐fiber diet, but the high‐fiber diet induced faster resolution of the inflammatory response. Similar results were obtained in animals given the SCFA acetate. Acetate was effective, even when given after injection of MSU crystals at the peak of the inflammatory response and induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis of neutrophils that accounted for the resolution of inflammation. Resolution of neutrophilic inflammation was associated with decreased NF‐κB activity and enhanced production of anti‐inflammatory mediators, including IL‐10, TGF‐β, and annexin A1. Acetate treatment or intake of a high‐fiber diet enhanced efferocytosis, an effect also observed in vitro with neutrophils treated with acetate. In conclusion, a high‐fiber diet or one of its metabolic products, acetate, controls the inflammatory response to MSU crystals by favoring the resolution of the inflammatory response. Our studies suggest that what we eat plays a determinant role in our capacity to fine tune the inflammatory response. Introduction
A relative power table for nested matched case-control studies.

OBJECTIVE: To calculate relative powers for nested case-control studies for different values of both relative risk and numbers of controls per case, given a fixed number of cases available for analysis. METHODS: Algebraic and numerical methods. RESULTS: In nested case-control studies, statistical power is a function of relative risk, rarity of exposure, number of case-control sets, and the number of controls per case. CONCLUSION: The dictum that sufficient power will be obtained in a nested case-control study by selecting only four controls per case cannot be sustained. Appropriate numbers need to be calculated for specific studies.
MR imaging features of small solid pseudopapillary tumors: retrospective differentiation from other small solid pancreatic tumors.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the MRI features of small solid pseudopapillary tumors useful for differentiating these tumors from other small solid pancreatic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five patients (18 men, 27 women; mean age, 59 ± 11.7 years) with 45 solid pancreatic tumors smaller than 3 cm in diameter registered from 2000 to 2009 were included. Twenty-two of the tumors were adenocarcinomas, 12 were endocrine tumors, and 11 were solid pseudopapillary tumors. Two radiologists analyzed the MR images for morphologic features, signal intensity of the lesion on unenhanced images, and dynamic enhancement pattern. The contrast-to-noise ratio between the lesion and the pancreas was calculated on T1- and T2-weighted images and on dynamic images. RESULTS Solid pseudopapillary tumors commonly had the following features: completely well-defined margin (82%), pure solid consistency (82%), low signal intensity on unenhanced T1-weighted images (100%), high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (100%), a strong predominance among women (91%), and early heterogeneous and slowly progressive enhancement (100%). The solid pseudopapillary tumors rarely had a capsule or hemorrhage. A characteristic qualitative feature of solid pseudopapillary tumors that was significantly different from the other two tumor types was very high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (p < 0.01). Quantitative analysis showed that the solid pseudopapillary tumors had a lower contrast-to-noise ratio (-16.82 ± 5.84) on T1-weighted images and a higher contrast-to-noise ratio (37.35 ± 33.59) on T2-weighted images than did the other two tumor types (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Small solid pseudopapillary tumors were predominantly seen as completely well-demarcated pure solid tumors in middle-aged women. They had lower signal intensity on T1-weighted images and higher signal intensity on T2-weighted images than did the other two tumor types and had early heterogeneous and progressive enhancement.
Dementia‐related restlessness: relationship to characteristics of persons with dementia and family caregivers

Dementia‐related restlessness is commonly endorsed by caregivers but not well understood. This study examines differences in characteristics (demographics, cognitive status, physical function, pain, and mood) of persons with dementia whose caregivers endorse restlessness versus those who do not. We also examine the relationship of restlessness to caregiver well‐being including burden, upset with behaviors, mastery, and depressive symptomatology.
Control of cancer chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

With increasingly effective cancer chemotherapy, the control of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting has become more important. These unpleasant side effects can be so severe that patients delay or stop potentially curative therapy. Phenothiazines and butyrophenones have been the mainstays of most antiemetic therapy but unfortunately have only partially controlled nausea and vomiting. Recently, renewed interest in the control of nausea and vomiting has led to the introduction of additional classes of agents. Cannabinoids appear to be superior to phenothiazines as antiemetics, but must be given in doses that also cause central nervous system side effects. Metoclopramide, given in high doses (1.0–3.0 mg/kg) has proven to be a major advance in the control of nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin. Glucocorticoids may be useful, particularly when combined with other agents. There has been recent recognition of the importance of anticipatory nausea and vomiting, and attempts to control this through behavioral modification techniques have met with some success.
Genetic Analysis of Complex Interactions Among Components of the Mitochondrial Import Motor and Translocon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A highly conserved, Hsp70-based, import motor, which is associated with the translocase on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane, is critical for protein translocation into the matrix. Hsp70 is tethered to the translocon via interaction with Tim44. Pam18, the J-protein co-chaperone, and Pam16, a structurally related protein with which Pam18 forms a heterodimer, are also critical components of the motor. Their N termini are important for the heterodimer’s translocon association, with Pam18’s and Pam16’s N termini interacting in the intermembrane space and the matrix, respectively. Here, using the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we report the identification of an N-terminal segment of Tim44, important for association of Pam16 with the translocon. We also report that higher amounts of Pam17, a nonessential motor component, are found associated with the translocon in both PAM16 and TIM44 mutants that affect their interaction with one another. These TIM44 and PAM16 mutations are also synthetically lethal with a deletion of PAM17. In contrast, a deletion of PAM17 has little, or no genetic interaction with a PAM18 mutation that affects translocon association of the Pam16:Pam18 heterodimer, suggesting a second role for the Pam16:Tim44 interaction. A similar pattern of genetic interactions and enhanced Pam17 translocon association was observed in the absence of the C terminus of Tim17, a core component of the translocon. We suggest the Pam16:Tim44 interaction may play two roles: (1) tethering the Pam16:Pam18 heterodimer to the translocon and (2) positioning the import motor for efficient engagement with the translocating polypeptide along with Tim17 and Pam17.