Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broken Barriers: A New Take on Sepsis Pathogenesis

Recent data indicate that disruption of the microvascular endothelial barrier is a key determinant of the pathogenesis of sepsis. Despite intense research into the pathogenesis of sepsis, the current therapy for this devastating syndrome is primarily supportive and mortality remains high. The paucity of specific therapies is not for lack of effort; countless clinical trials in sepsis patients have failed despite promising preclinical data obtained from in vitro and animal models. Human sepsis is characterized by diffuse microvascular leak and tissue edema—features that have been largely ignored in animal models. Moreover, there have been no clinical trials of agents designed to prevent or treat leaky vasculature. Recent compelling evidence suggests that the breakdown in endothelial barrier function plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. In particular, these data suggest that preventing vascular leak can reduce mortality from sepsis. In this Perspective, we highlight the endothelial barrier as a new target for sepsis therapeutics, examining three potential strategies: enhancement of endothelial junctions; reinforcement of the endothelial cytoskeleton; and modulation of endothelial activation.
The Prevalence of ADHD and Comorbid Disorders in Iranian Adult Male Prison Inmates

Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of ADHD and comorbid disorders in a community sample of adult male prisoners in Iran. Method: Through stratified sampling method, 908 adult male prison inmates in Gorgan Prison were recruited on a voluntary basis. Diagnostic assessments were based on the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener and a clinical interview based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) criteria and psychiatric interview. Comorbid disorders were assessed with the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition, and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III. Results: ADHD was present in 147 participants (16.2%). Eighty-five percent of participants with ADHD reported lifetime substance abuse. They had higher rates of mood (40.8%) and anxiety (55.1%) disorders. Antisocial and borderline personality disorders were also more prevalent among offenders with ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is prevalent in offenders and it is associated with comorbid disorders. The results emphasize the necessity of treatment programs for offenders with ADHD.
Effectiveness of Computerized Working Memory Training Program in Chinese Community Settings for Children With Poor Working Memory

Objective: The purpose of the study is to further examine the effectiveness of computerized working memory intervention among Chinese population. Method: In comparing the performance of experimental group with those of control group, General Linear Model Analysis (repeated measures) was applied to neurological and behavioral measures obtained for working memory, response inhibition, and inattention and hyperactive symptoms. Results: For experimental group that received high-intensity training in school setting, there was a significant improvement in working memory reflected in neuropsychological measures as well as parent-rated behavioral measures as compared with the control group. Conclusion: Our results generally supported the effectiveness of group-based computerized training. It might be served as a cost-effective intervention in semistructured settings, with high-intensity training and minimal therapist involvement.
Dissecting the Immune Cell Mayhem That Drives Lupus Pathogenesis

Three studies suggest that rational combinatorial targeting of the pathogenic mechanisms in lupus may be a winning therapeutic strategy. The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) results from an inability of the immune system to discriminate between certain self-antigens and foreign ones. The most common treatment of SLE involves the use of immunosuppressive drugs to reduce inflammation, but these therapies have serious side effects. Three recent papers in Science Translational Medicine redirect focus on neutrophils, platelets, and interferon-α in the pathogenesis of SLE and reinforce the notion that researchers should seek to discover and devise combination therapies that target these processes.
ADHD and Hyperkinetic Disorder Symptoms in Australian Adults

Objective: ADHD and Hyperkinetic Disorder (HKD) have the same 18 symptoms, covering inattention (IA), hyperactivity (HYP), and impulsivity (IMP). This study was aimed at providing descriptive scores for the different symptom groups in these disorders and how these scores varied by age and gender, the percentages of individuals meeting the symptom thresholds for the different ADHD types and HKD, the factor structure, and gender invariance of these symptoms in adults. Method: To accomplish this, 852 adults provided self-ratings for a scale comprising the 18 ADHD/HKD symptoms. Results: The findings showed that age and gender had minimal effects on the ADHD symptoms. Also, in terms of symptom counts, 2% had HKD and 6.3% had ADHD (inattentive = 1.6%, hyperactive-impulsive = 2.7%, and combined type = 2.0%). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provided most support for the three-factor HKD model, involving separate factors for the IA, HYP, and IMP symptoms. This model showed full measurement invariance across gender. Conclusion: The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
Hemostatic changes in thyroid diseases

Abstract Several studies have reported hemostatic abnormalities, both in terms of bleeding or thrombosis, in patients with various thyroid dysfunctions. The aim of this review is to briefly discuss the relationship between thyroid disorders and hemostasis (i.e. primary hemostasis, coagulation factors and fibrinolytic system). From the analysis of the more recent literature data, it appears evident that most of the coagulation abnormalities associated with thyroid disorders are a consequence of a direct action of thyroid hormones on the synthesis of various hemostatic factors or a derangement of immune function. On the whole, these data suggest that a hypercoagulable state is present in hyperthyroid patients, while patients suffering from moderate hypothyroidism are at increased risk of thrombosis contrasting with the bleeding tendency of those presenting severe hypothyroidism.
A Pilot Trial of Mindfulness Meditation Training for ADHD in Adulthood: Impact on Core Symptoms, Executive Functioning, and Emotion Dysregulation

Objective: Mindfulness meditation training is garnering increasing empirical interest as an intervention for ADHD in adulthood, although no studies of mindfulness as a standalone treatment have included a sample composed entirely of adults with ADHD or a comparison group. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of mindfulness meditation for ADHD, executive functioning (EF), and emotion dysregulation symptoms in an adult ADHD sample. Method: Adults with ADHD were stratified by ADHD medication status and otherwise randomized into an 8-week group-based mindfulness treatment (n = 11) or waitlist group (n = 9). Results: Treatment feasibility and acceptability were positive. In addition, self-reported ADHD and EF symptoms (assessed in the laboratory and ecological momentary assessment), clinician ratings of ADHD and EF symptoms, and self-reported emotion dysregulation improved for the treatment group relative to the waitlist group over time with large effect sizes. Improvement was not observed for EF tasks. Conclusion: Findings support preliminary treatment efficacy, though require larger trials.
Working Memory Training in College Students With ADHD or LD

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of working memory (WM) training in college students with ADHD or learning disabilities (LD). Method: A total of 62 students (21 males, 41 females) were randomized to a 5-week intensive WM training program or a wait-list control group. Participants were evaluated before treatment, 3 weeks after completion, and at 2-month follow-up. The criterion measures were standardized tests of auditory-verbal and visual-spatial WM. Near transfer measures included other cognitive tasks; far transfer measures included academic tasks and behavioral rating scales. Results: Intent-to-treat analysis revealed that participants receiving WM training showed significantly greater improvements on the criterion WM measures and self-reported fewer ADHD symptoms and cognitive failures. The follow-up assessment indicated that gains in WM were maintained, as were improvements in cognitive failures. Conclusion: Computerized WM training is a feasible and possibly viable approach for enhancing WM in college students with ADHD or LD.
The Development of Comorbid Conduct Problems in Children With ADHD

Objective: We describe interactions among factors that contribute to the development of conduct problems among children with ADHD. Method: An integrative developmental psychopathology analysis combines various approaches and posits one model of how diverse risk factors operate together to contribute to the development of conduct problems among children with ADHD. Results: Substantial genetic risk increases covariation between ADHD and conduct problems. Candidate genes are associated with CNS monoaminergic neurotransmission. Subsequent neurodevelopmental impairment interferes with executive function, with impaired verbal working memory playing an important role. Parent/child bi-directional influences exacerbate the risk for conduct problems when ADHD symptoms increase the likelihood of a coercive parenting style. Parent stress in reaction to child comorbid ADHD and conduct problems, and parent attribution for the child’s conduct problem behavior, add to the potential for coercion and reduce constructive parent-child interaction that might otherwise enhance the development of verbal working memory. Conclusion: In an integrated manner, these variables increase the risk that a child with ADHD will subsequently develop conduct problems.
ADHD and Suicidal Ideation

Objective: ADHD appears to increase risk for both depression and suicidal ideation, while ADHD and depression are also associated with emotion regulation deficits. Thus, we evaluated the degree to which depression mediated the association between ADHD and suicidal ideation, as well as the degree to which emotion regulation deficits moderated the association ADHD shared with depression and suicidal ideation in a nonclinical sample. Method: Participants were undergraduate psychology students (N = 627; age: M = 20.23, SD = 1.40; 60% female; 47% European American) who completed an online assessment. Results: Results indicated that ADHD indirectly increased suicidal ideation through depression. Emotion regulation deficits of accepting negative emotions, emotional awareness, and goal-oriented behavior moderated the indirect effect of ADHD on suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Depression appears to play an important mediating role in suicidal ideation for college students with ADHD, and specific emotion regulation deficits appear to amplify the effects of ADHD on depression and suicidal ideation.
Screening for ADHD in a Sample of Egyptian Adolescent School Students

Objective: To screen for ADHD in a sample of Egyptian adolescent students, and study the distribution of different subtypes of ADHD, associated comorbidities, and sociodemographic correlates. Method: A total of 925 adolescents were randomly selected and screened by the Conners-Wells’ Adolescent Self-Report Scale–Short form (CASS:S), and potential cases were further assessed by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia–Present and Lifetime versions (K-SADS-PL). Results: A total of 87 students (9.4%) had potential ADHD diagnosis with evident preponderance in boys (13.8%, n = 58) than in girls (5.8%, n = 29) with a ratio of 2:1 (p = .000, χ2 = 17.328). The hyperactive-impulsive subtype comprised the majority of cases (54.7%, n = 41). Psychiatric comorbidity was invariably present (85.1%, n = 74). Nearly half the cases had poor academic achievement (43.7%, n = 34). Positive correlates included family history of psychiatric disorders, the order of birth, and parental disharmony. Conclusion: ADHD is prevalent in Egyptian adolescents and is associated with high psychiatric comorbidity and a pronounced effect on academic performance.
Screening for known good die (KGD) based on defect clustering: an experimental study

Die screening based on the locality of defects has long been informally practised in the industry whereby dice from wafers, or parts of the wafer, that display high defect levels are discarded. More recently this approach has been refined such that test results for neighbouring dice on the wafer are also considered in evaluating test results for a particular die. It has been shown in principle, using negative binomial statistics for defect distributions on wafers, that such an approach can much better optimize test costs and screen for low defect levels in bare dice and packaged chips. In this paper we present, for the first time, experimental test data to demonstrate the effectiveness of this new approach. Our results are based on extensive testing of 4784 dice on 23 wafers from an IBM process. We show that bare die screening based on defect clustering considerations can significantly reduce defect levels in dice that pass wafer probe tests. This approach also has the potential to screen out burn-in failures. Thus it offers new low cost strategies for delivering high quality "known- good" die (KGD) for MCM applications.
Can Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Be Distinguished From ADHD Inattention in Very Young Children? Evidence From a Sample of Korean Preschool Children

Objective: This study evaluated whether sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is separable from ADHD–inattention (IN) and uniquely associated with internalizing dimensions in preschool children in South Korea. Method: Mothers of 172 preschool children (ages 4-6 years; 52% girls) rated children’s SCT, ADHD-IN, ADHD–hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), aggression, emotional reactivity, anxiety/depression, somatic complaints, withdrawal, and sleep problems. Results: Eight of 10 SCT symptoms showed convergent and discriminant validity with ADHD-IN. ADHD-IN remained significantly positively associated with ADHD-HI, ODD, and aggressive behavior after controlling for SCT, whereas SCT was no longer positively associated with these externalizing behaviors after controlling for ADHD-IN. Both SCT and ADHD-IN were uniquely associated with greater emotionally reactivity, anxiety/depression, and withdrawal. Only SCT was uniquely associated with somatic complaints, and only ADHD-IN was uniquely associated with sleep problems. Conclusion: Findings replicate results with children and adolescents, thus expanding evidence for the validity of SCT in early development.
ErrorTracer: a fault simulation-based approach to design error diagnosis

This paper addresses the problem of locating error sources in an erroneous combinational circuit. We use a fault simulation-based technique to approximate each signal's correcting power. The correcting power of a particular signal is measured in terms of the signal's correctable set, namely, the maximum set of erroneous input vectors that can be corrected by re-synthesizing the signal. Only the signals that can correct every erroneous input vector are considered as a potential error source. Our algorithm offers three major advantages over existing methods. First, unlike symbolic approaches, it is applicable for large circuits. Secondly, it delivers more accurate results than other simulation-based approaches because it is based on a more stringent condition for identifying potential error sources. Thirdly, it can be easily generalized to identify multiple errors. Experimental results on diagnosing circuits with one and two random errors are presented to show the effectiveness and efficiency of this new approach.
Examining the Relationship Between Children’s ADHD Symptomatology and Inadequate Parenting: The Role of Household Chaos

Objective: This study examines the interrelations of parenting practices, emotional climate, and household chaos in families with children with and without ADHD. In particular, indirect pathways from children’s ADHD symptomatology to inadequate parenting and negative emotional climate via household chaos were investigated. Method: Parenting, emotional climate, and household chaos were assessed using questionnaires and a speech sample of parents of 31 children with and 53 without ADHD, aged 7 to 13 years. Results: Group differences were found for certain parenting dimensions, the parent–child relationship, critical comments, and household chaos. While we found significant indirect effects between children’s ADHD and certain parenting dimensions through household chaos, no effects were found for any aspect of emotional climate. Conclusion: Children’s ADHD symptoms translate into inadequate parenting through household chaos, which underlines the need for interventions to improve household organization skills in parents of children with ADHD.
Cache RAM inductive fault analysis with fab defect modeling

This paper describes how an inductive fault analysis (IFA) method was used in determining the expected yield and test algorithm effectiveness in SRAMs. One portion of the paper describes the process of gathering and correlating defect data from different sources to get a meaningful and accurate defect distribution. This data is used in the IFA software to weight the probability of faults occurring. With the fault data from two SRAM cells the yield of those devices is estimated and compared with actual yield. The effectiveness of certain test patterns is also evaluated based on the probable faults for those circuits.
Revolution Stalled

Drug discovery is at a near standstill for psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Drug discovery is at a near standstill for treating psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and common forms of autism. Despite high prevalence and unmet medical need, major pharmaceutical companies are deemphasizing or exiting psychiatry, thus removing significant capacity from efforts to discover new medicines. In this Commentary, I develop a view of what has gone wrong scientifically and ask what can be done to address this parlous situation.
Constructing shared-tree for group multicast with QoS constraints

Group multicast refers to the kind of multicast in which every member of a group may transmit data to the group. Several QoS-aware routing algorithms for group multicast proposed previously take into account bandwidth requirement (which is the most important QoS metric to consider for many applications) and build source-based tree for each individual group member. Per-source tree approach has some advantages over shared-tree approach but suffers the drawbacks of higher control overhead and being less scalable especially with group size. In this paper we present an algorithm which builds shared tree for group multicast and can accommodate multiple QoS requirements including bandwidth and inter-member delay. Besides the advantages of having less control overhead and better scalability, our algorithm can support dynamic membership without recomputing the whole tree. The results from simulation experiments for multicast with bandwidth reservation show that our algorithm has similar performance in terms of tree cost and bandwidth utilization compared with two other per-source tree algorithms.
Porous Coated Motion Cervical Disc Replacement: A Biomechanical, Histomorphometric, and Biologic Wear Analysis in a Caprine Model

Study Design. The biomechanical, histopathologic, and histomorphometric characteristics of cervical disc replacement were assessed in a caprine animal model. Objective. To investigate the biomechanical, porous ingrowth, and histopathologic characteristics of the Porous Coated Motion (PCM) Cervical Disc replacement (Cervitech, Inc., Rockaway, NJ). Summary of Background Data. As an alternative to anterior cervical interbody arthrodesis, an artificial cervical disc serves to replace the symptomatic degenerated disc, restore the functional biomechanical properties of the motion segment, and preserve neurologic function. Methods. There were 12 mature Nubian goats divided into 2 groups based on postoperative survival periods of 6 (n = 6) and 12 months (n = 6). Using an anterior surgical approach, a complete discectomy was performed at the C3–C4, followed by implantation of the PCM device. Functional outcomes of the disc prosthesis were based on computerized tomography (CT), multidirectional flexibility testing, undecalcified histology, histomorphometric, and immunocytochemical analyses. Results. There was no evidence of prosthesis loosening, or neurologic or vascular complications. CT showed the ability to image and assess the cervical spinal canal for the presence of compressive pathology in the area of the CoCrMo prosthesis. Multidirectional flexibility testing under axial rotation and lateral bending indicated no differences in the full range of intervertebral motion between the disc prosthesis and nonoperative controls (P > 0.05). Based on immunohistochemical and histologic analysis, there was no evidence of particulate debris, cytokines, or cellular apoptosis within the local or systemic tissues. Moreover, review of the spinal cord at the operative levels indicated no evidence of cord lesions, inflammatory reaction, wear particles, or significant pathologic changes in any treatment. Histomorphometric analysis at the metal-bone interface indicated the mean trabecular ingrowth of 40.5% ± 24.4% and 58.65% ± 28.04% for the 6 and 12-month treatments, respectively. Conclusion. To our knowledge, this serves as the first in vivo time-course study investigating the use of the PCM device for cervical arthroplasty. All 12 animals undergoing cervical disc replacement had no evidence of implant loosening, subluxation, or inflammatory reactions. PCM cervical arthroplasty permits unobstructed visualization of the spinal canal based on CT imaging. Segmental intervertebral motion was preserved under axial rotation and lateral bending loading conditions, while at the same time permitting porous osseointegration at the prosthesis-bone interface. Based on histopathologic review of all local and systemic tissues, there was no evidence of particulate wear debris, cytokines, cellular apoptosis, or significant pathologic changes in any treatment.
AlphaScreen®-Based Characterization of the Bifunctional Kinase/RNase IRE1α

Assay technologies that were originally developed for high-throughput screening (HTS) have recently proven useful in drug discovery for activities located upstream (target identification and validation) and downstream (ADMET) of HTS. Here the authors investigated and characterized the biological properties of a novel target, IRE1α, a bifunctional kinase/RNase stress sensor of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They have developed a novel assay platform using the HTS technology AlphaScreen® to monitor the dimerization/oligomerization and phosphorylation properties of the cytosolic domain of IRE1α. They show in vitro that dimerization/oligomerization of the cytosolic domain of IRE1 correlated with the autophosphorylation ability of this domain and its endoribonuclease activity toward XBP1 mRNA. Using orthogonal in vitro and cell-based approaches, the authors show that the results obtained using AlphaScreen® were biologically relevant. Preliminary characterization of assay robustness indicates that both AlphaScreen® assays should be useful in HTS for the identification of IRE1 activity modulators.