Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental control of nitrate and ammonium uptake by phytoplankton in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean

: At one equatorial fixed position occupied 4 times in 1 yr, 31 in sltu uptake experiments were performed with nitrate or ammonium in parallel with carbon fixation incubations. When NO; concentration exceeds 0.1 pmole in seawater, nitrate uptake is strongly related to the chlorophyll a abundance. Carbon fixation is also related to chlorophyll a. Hence, chlorophyll a would be the best index to predict both new and total production. From 5 to 25 O/o of the phytoplankton nitrogen needs would be satisfied by nitrate uptake according to the chlorophyll abundance. Specific nitrate uptake rate is correlated to both l~ght and temperature, but there is no significant relation between nitrate uptake and NO; concentration, which suggests no nitrate Imitation when ambient NO; exceeds about 0.2 pmole. In the mixed layer without detectable nitrate, results suggest only low nitrate assimilation. For high "N enrichment, the maximum nitrate uptake rate was 0.0016 mmole m-3 h-' on average in such waters. Total nitrate uptake rate in the photic zone ranges from 1 to 5 mmole m-' d-' Specific ammonium uptake rate is closely coupled to tracer addition. However, it is generally maximum in subsurface and decreases downwards for a flxed ''N enrichment. Size fractionation experiments suggest that the < 3 pm phytoplankton have a preference for ammonium, and the larger ones a preference for nitrate. Previous studies have shown that the > 3 pm organisms are only relatively numerous in the chlorophyll maximum whereas picoplankton predominates in the mixed layer but also in nitrate rich waters. Consequently, in this region ammonium would be the principal source of nitrogen for natural assemblages of phytoplankton within the whole euphotic layer.
Transcriptomics Comparisons of Mac-T cells Versus Mammary Tissue during Late Pregnancy and Peak Lactation

Epithelial cell cultures, including immortalized cells, have been used extensively to help answer basic questions of mammary gland physiology under normal or diseased conditions. The usefulness of using cell culture depends on the degree of identify compared to the in vivo mammary epithelium. Our objective was to compare the transcriptome by means of microarray and qPCR of immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cells (Mac-T) cultivated in plastic (i.e., 2 dimensional system) vs. mammary tissue obtained during late-pregnancy (-30 DIM) and peak lactation (+60 DIM). Functional analysis of microarray data was performed using enrichment analysis tools and the Dynamic Impact Approach (DIA). Overall, between 37% (vs. +60 DIM) and 44% (vs. -30 DIM) of the measured annotated genes were deemed as differentially expressed (DEG) between Mac-T cells and mammary tissue. These data, together with the bioinformatics results of the genes non-differentially expressed, indicated a larger overall similarity between Mac-T cells and lactating than non-lactating mammary tissue. However, Mac-T cells had a lower expression measured by qPCR of genes involved in milk synthesis compared to mammary tissue. The functional analysis of DEG further supported the poor lactation phenotype of Mac-T cells compared with mammary tissue. The bioinformatics analyses of DEG suggested that Mac-T cells cultivated on plastic had greater reliance on glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids for production of energy, greater cell-to-cell interactions, and more prone to react to inflammatory mediators relative to mammary tissue. Despites these differences, data suggest that Mac-T cells might be adequate for studying milk protein regulation. For studies of milk fat regulation Mac-T cells might be not as sensitive as the mammary tissue, particularly for its lower expression of PPARG and lower induction of PPARγ- and LXR-related pathways. Overall, this study revealed a marked difference in the transcriptome signatures between mammary tissue and Mac-T cells cultivated on plastic.
A new application of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation approach to boundary condition uncertainty

The conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) approach was mainly used to investigate the effects of the uncertainties in initial condition and model parameters on model results. This study presents a new application of the CNOP approach to the investigation of the effects of boundary condition uncertainty. Specifically, we first give the general formulation of the CNOP approach for uncertainties of initial and boundary conditions and model parameters. The method is then applied to analyze the effects of nutrient perturbations at the bottom boundary of the water column on the modeled deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) using an ocean ecosystem model. The results show that nutrient perturbations at the bottom boundary have significant impacts on the modeled DCM. Interestingly, the approach also reveals that nonlinear processes play important roles in the evolution of phytoplankton perturbations caused by nutrient perturbations at the bottom boundary. This implies that the CNOP approach is useful for investigating the effects of boundary condition uncertainty.
The Effectiveness Of National Root Crop Research Institute (Nrcri) Selected Technologies In Poverty Alleviation Among Rural Households In Abia State, Nigeria

This study evaluated the effectiveness of National Root Crop Research Institute (NRCRI) selected technologies in poverty alleviation among rural households in Abia state, Nigeria. Purposive and multi-stage sampling techniques were used in selection of Umuahia agricultural zone which is the host zone to NRCRI and sixty (60) rural farmers from the study area were selected. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics, poverty gap analysis, and one sample Z-test and ANOVA. The result shows that farmers identified; yam of mini sett ( =2.07) as an improved yam technology; provision of improved technology of cocoyam ( =4.23), provision of improved technology of sweet potatoes ( =6.52), advisory services on other improved technologies ( =8.32), agro-processing improvement services ( =10.77) and advisory service on stem cutting and planting pattern ( =0.62) were the various technologies provided by NRCRI. NRCRI technologies were effective in reducing the cost of purchasing root and tuber crops ( =3.2); producing disease resistance, early maturing and large yield root and tuber crops ( =3.4) were effective means to alleviate poverty by NRCRI. The study further, shows that improved cassava varieties TMS ( =2.7) and NR ( =2.6) were adopted by farmers and improved varieties yam; Dioscorea rotundata ( =3.0) was adopted. The results of the one sample z-test showed that there were significant difference between the mean scores response of the respondents on the various questions raised on the NRCRI technologies effectiveness in alleviating poverty were significant at 1% respectively . The result showed that the mean score on the level of adoption of improved variety TMS in the study were 1.00±. 000 b and 1.30±. 070 b was at the same level of adoption while, mean scores NR were 1.15±. 154 a , 2.11±. 048 a and 3.00±. 000 a respectively and the Duncan multiple range test used as mean separation technique show that there is a significant difference (F-ratio 3.295) among the level of adoption. The various technologies developed and disseminated should be sustained and more farmers should encouraged to adopt the disseminated technologies, since the poverty incidence was high and Government should construct roads to link farms in other to enable farmers transport their produce.
The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Self-Reported Sleep Quality

Objectives: A growing body of evidence suggests that the microbiome plays an important role in mental health. Few studies have examined how probiotic supplementation affects sleep quality. The current study investigated the impact of probiotics on self-reported sleep quality and the role of anxiety in moderating this relationship. The study also assessed the role of vagal tone in mediating probiotic-induced improvements in self-reported sleep quality. Methods: Forty-three undergraduates at the University of Kansas participated in a two-week study assessing the effect of probiotic supplementation on psychological and physiological processes. A sleep diary was collected daily. Measures of sleep, anxiety, and vagal tone were collected at baseline and post-intervention. Indices of sleep quality were analyzed using multilevel growth modeling. The moderating effects of treatment condition and initial anxiety were examined. The meditating effect of vagal tone was also assessed. Results: Initial level of anxiety was found to moderate the effect of probiotic supplementation on sleep onset latency (SOL) and sleep efficiency. In participants without elevated anxiety, probiotic supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in SOL and a significant increase in sleep efficiency over the course of the two-week trial. The effectiveness of probiotic supplementation increased as anxiety decreased. Probiotic supplementation had no effect on SOL and sleep efficiency in participants with elevated levels of anxiety. No association was found between treatment condition and number of awakenings or minutes awake after sleep onset. Finally, change in vagal tone was not found to mediate change in sleep quality.
Humeral Shaft Metastases: An Alternative Method of Reconstruction afterSurgical Resection

Aim: To retrospectively review our patients with metastasis of diaphyseal humerus by surgical resection and reconstruction with cement, titanium mesh and plate. Methods: Between April 2008 and December 2012 we treated 6 consecutive patients with humeral metastasis, 4 females and 2 males, with a mean age of 72 years (range 60-78 years) and a mean follow up of 14 months (range 1.3-47.2 months). Results: We observed one major complication and all patients died of disease. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society functional score at the time of final follow up was 26.8. Limb salvage surgery for malignant tumors of diaphyseal humerus is an operative challenge, where the surgeon has to preserve elbow and hand functions and retain shoulder stability with as much function as possible. Diaphyseal resection allows disease local control, which alleviate tumor-related pain also preserving the shoulder and elbow function. Conclusions: Treatment with cemented-plate and mesh provided a cheap and reliable option for diaphyseal humerus reconstruction after tumour resection.
Poor Performance on Single-Legged Hop Tests Associated With Development of Posttraumatic Knee Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Background: The risk for knee osteoarthritis (OA) is substantially increased after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Tools are needed to identify characteristics of patients after ACL injury who are most at risk for posttraumatic OA. Purpose: To determine whether clinical measures of knee function after ACL injury are associated with the development of radiographic knee OA 5 years after injury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 76 athletes (mean age, 28.7 ± 11.3 years; 35.5% female) with ACL injury were included. Clinical measures of knee function (quadriceps strength, single-legged hop tests, patient-reported outcomes) were assessed after initial impairment resolution (baseline), after 10 additional preoperative or nonoperative rehabilitation sessions (posttraining), and 6 months after ACL reconstruction or nonoperative rehabilitation. Posterior-anterior bent-knee radiographs were completed at 5 years and graded in the medial compartment by use of the Kellgren-Lawrence system. Logistic regression models were used at each of the 3 time points to determine the ability of clinical measures to predict knee OA at 5 years. Results: Of the 76 patients, 9 (11.8%) had knee OA at 5 years. After adjustment for ACL reconstruction compared with nonoperative management, ipsilateral second ACL injuries, and the presence of contralateral knee OA, clinical measures of knee function at posttraining (6-m timed hop, Knee Outcomes Survey–Activities of Daily Living Scale) explained the most variance in posttraumatic OA development at 5 years (P = .006; ▵R 2, 27.5%). The 6-m hop test was the only significant posttraining predictor of OA at 5 years (P = .023; patients without OA, 96.6% ± 5.4%; patients with OA, 84.9% ± 14.1%). Similar significant group differences in hop scores and subjective knee function were present at baseline. No significant group differences in clinical measures existed at 6 months after ACL reconstruction or nonoperative rehabilitation. Conclusion: Poor performance in single-legged hop tests early after ACL injury but not after reconstruction or nonoperative rehabilitation is associated with the development of radiographic posttraumatic knee OA 5 years after injury. Clinical measures of knee function were most predictive of subsequent OA development following an extended period of rehabilitation early after ACL injury.
A Systematic Review of the Effective Factors in Father’s Adaptation

Background: A father’s adaptation will facilitate the transition into fatherhood and strengthen the bonding and attachment between the father and his children. Objectives: The aim of this review article determined the eﬀective factors in the father’s adaptation. Methods: The present study has been developed based on the PRISMA checklist. We conducted this review using Persian databases (Magiran, Iran Medex, Iran Doc, SID and Google Scholar) for Persian relevant literature and English databases (ISI Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, HMIC, Child Data, NCJRS, HSRProj, IBSS) for English relevant literature. To search in each electronic database, the following terms were used: “Father”, “Paternal Behaviors”, “Behavior”, “Paternal”, “Father-Child Relationship”, “Father-Child Re-lation”, “Adaptation”, “Care”, and “Child”. Two reviewers assessed the quality of the included studies. Inclusion criteria included: focused on fatherhood and father’s adaptation, they were scientiﬁc papers with the quantitative or qualitative method, providing appropriate and suitable information about eﬀective factors on the father’s adaptation of healthy children, and published in a sci-entiﬁcandhigh-qualityscholarlyjournal. AllrelevantliteraturethatwaspublishedbetweenAugust1990andSeptember2017were included. Results: The21studieswereincludedinthecurrentsystematicreviewfromaninitialsearchof 87records. Theresultscanbedivided into3generalgroupsof eﬀectivefactorsinthefather’sadaptation,including: paternalfactors,childfactors,andhealthcareservice factors. Conclusion: Findings of this study showed a wide range of eﬀective factors such as age, occupation, educational level, satisfaction withmarriage,antenataleducationclasses,careproviderssupport,andchildgenderinfather’sadaptation. Itisrecommendedthat future researches should be focused toward need-based interventions to improve father’s adaptation.
Gender Differences within the Firm

ABSTRACT We document gender differences in the booking of business air travel among similar workers within a firm. Women pay consistently less per ticket than men after accounting for a large set of covariates. A large proportion of the lower fares paid are explained by women booking earlier. We find that gender differences increase with age but find no deviation from this trend during the childbearing years. We also find that country-level gender differences in reciprocity are associated with the documented gender differences. The documented gender differences have important monetary implications for firms and suggest an important role for workers’ morale.
A survey on VV&A of large-scale simulations

Purpose Simulation is a well-known technique for using computers to imitate or simulate the operations of various kinds of real-world facilities or processes. The facility or process of interest is usually called a system, and to study it scientifically, we often have to make a set of assumptions about how it works. These assumptions, which usually take the form of mathematical or logical relationships, constitute a model that is used to gain some understanding of how the corresponding system behaves, and the quality of these understandings essentially depends on the credibility of given assumptions or models, known as VV&A (verification, validation and accreditation). The main purpose of this paper is to present an in-depth theoretical review and analysis for the application of VV&A in large-scale simulations. Design/methodology/approach After summarizing the VV&A of related research studies, the standards, frameworks, techniques, methods and tools have been discussed according to the characteristics of large-scale simulations (such as crowd network simulations). Findings The contributions of this paper will be useful for both academics and practitioners for formulating VV&A in large-scale simulations (such as crowd network simulations). Originality/value This paper will help researchers to provide support of a recommendation for formulating VV&A in large-scale simulations (such as crowd network simulations).
Non-perturbative Massive Solutions in Gravitational Higgs Mechanism

We construct exact non-perturbative massive solutions in the gravitational Higgs mechanism. They confirm the conclusions of arXiv:1102.4991, which are based on non-perturbative Hamiltonian analysis for the rel- evant metric degrees of freedom, that while perturbatively unitarity may not be evident, no negative norm state is present in the full nonlinear theory. The non-perturbative massive solutions do not appear to exhibit instabil- ities and describe vacuum configurations which are periodic in time, including purely longitudinal solutions with isotropic periodically expanding and contracting spatial dimensions, "cosmological strings" with only one peri- odically expanding and contracting spatial dimension, and also purely non-longitudinal ("traceless") periodically expanding and contracting solutions with constant spatial volume. As an aside we also discuss massive solutions in New Massive Gravity. While such solutions are present in the linearized theory, we argue that already at the next-to-linear (quadratic) order in the equations of motion (and, more generally, for weak-field configurations) there are no massive solutions.
Leveraging marketing capabilities into competitive advantage and export performance

Purpose – By using the dynamic capabilities (DC) theory and the theory of competitive advantage, the purpose of this paper is to develop a framework to investigate the role of marketing capabilities on the firm’s export performance. Specifically, this framework depicts the consequences of marketing capabilities and focuses on the relationships among marketing capabilities, competitive advantage, and export performance. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conduct a meta-analysis of the literature on marketing capabilities and use multivariate analyses to test the framework. Findings – The study revealed that competitive advantage has an important mediating role in the relationship between marketing capabilities and export performance. Specifically, the authors found that two types of competitive advantage (i.e. low-cost advantage and differentiation advantage) positively mediate the effect of marketing capabilities on export performance. Originality/value – Although research on marketing capabilities.
A review of threshold time series models in finance

Since the pioneering work by Tong (1978, 1983), threshold time series modelling and its applications have become increasingly important for research in economics and finance. A number of books and a vast number of research papers published in this area have been motivated by Tong’s threshold models. The goal of this paper is to give a through review on the development of the family of threshold time series model in finance and to provide a streamlined approach to financial time series analysis. It covers threshold modeling, nonlinearity tests, statistical inference, diagnostic checking, and model selection, as well as applications of the threshold autoregressive model and its generalizations in finance.
Scrambling speed of random quantum circuits

Random transformations are typically good at “scrambling” information. Specifically, in the quantum setting, scrambling usually refers to the process of mapping most initial pure product states under a unitary transformation to states which are macroscopically entangled, in the sense of being close to completely mixed on most subsystems containing a fraction fn of all n particles for some constant f . While the term scrambling is used in the context of the black hole information paradox, scrambling is related to problems involving decoupling in general, and to the question of how large isolated many-body systems reach local thermal equilibrium under their own unitary dynamics. Here, we study the speed at which various notions of scrambling/decoupling occur in a simplified but natural model of random two-particle interactions: random quantum circuits. For a circuit representing the dynamics generated by a local Hamiltonian, the depth of the circuit corresponds to time. Thus, we consider the depth of these circuits and we are typically interested in what can be done in a depth that is sublinear or even logarithmic in the size of the system. We resolve an outstanding conjecture raised in the context of the black hole information paradox with respect to the depth at which a typical quantum circuit generates an entanglement assisted encoding against the erasure channel. In addition, we prove that typical quantum circuits of poly(logn) depth satisfy a stronger notion of scrambling and can be used to encode n qubits into n qubits so that up to n errors can be corrected, for some constants; > 0.
Some A priori estimates for the homogeneous Landau equation with soft potentials

This paper deals with the derivation of some \'a priori estimates for the homogeneous Landau equation with soft potentials. Using the coercivity of the Landau operator for soft potentials, we prove a global estimate of weak solutions in $L^2$ space without any smallness assumption on the initial data for $ -2 < \gamma <0$. For the stronger case $ -3 \leq \gamma \leq -2$, which covers in particular the Coulomb case, we get such a global estimate, but in some weighted $L^2$ space and under a smallness assumption on initial data.
Do 5-Month-Old Infants Possess an Evolved Detection Mechanism for Snakes, Sharks, and Rodents?

ABSTRACT The 4 experiments reported here used the preferential looking and habituation paradigms to examine whether 5-month-olds possess a perceptual template for snakes, sharks, and rodents. It was predicted that if infants possess such a template, then they would attend preferentially to schematic images of these nonhuman animal stimuli relative to scrambled versions of the same stimuli. The results revealed that infants looked longer at a schematic snake than at 2 scrambled versions of the image and generalized from real snakes to the schematic image. The experiments also demonstrated that 5-month-olds showed no preferential looking for schematic sharks or schematic rodents relative to scrambled versions of those images. These data add to the growing support for the view that humans, like many nonhuman animals, possess an evolved fear mechanism for detecting threats that were recurrent across evolutionary time.