Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Analysis And Mineralogical Composition Of Enugu Coal In Nigeria For Potential Utilization

The abundance of coal in certain regions of Nigeria had been described as an alternative energy solution. The potential information obtained from the physicochemical and mineralogical characterization of coal samples in such regions has enabled scientist and government to make well informed decisions. Coal samples were obtained from Okpara Mine in Enugu state Nigeria and subjected to proximate, ultimate and mineralogical analyses. The results showed that the coal had uneven particle distribution with higher content of fixed carbon and lower amount of hydrogen and volatile matter. The mineral analyses showed that the coal was rich in silicon and aluminum. The rank was bituminous coal that can be utilized for power generation, steel industry, glass manufacturing and thermite process.
Sequential Fractionation Patterns of Soil Phosphorus Collected from Different Land Use Systems of Dire Inchine District, West Shawa Zone, Ethiopia

This study investigated the sequential fractionation of different forms of P from surface soils (0-20cm) of forest, grazing and cultivated lands in the Dire Inchini District located in West Showa Zone of western Oromia, Ethiopia. The concentration of extractable (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al and Fe) ions of the three land use types were measured in laboratory by using acid ammonium oxalate method in the dark at pH 3 and measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic absorption spectrophotometer (ICP-AAS) and fractionation of the different forms of P were determined using the modified Hedley fractionation experiment in which the soils were equilibrated with solutions of different extractants and measured by using Spectrophotometer. Results of the present study indicated that, most of the P forms in soils of each land use type comprised a higher proportion of inorganic P and ranged from (51 to 72%) with smaller percentage of organic P forms ranging from (28 to 49%). Land use changes from forest and grazing lands to cultivated land increased the contents of basic extractable (Ca , Mg and K ) ions and decreased the contents of extractable Al and Fe ions resulting in lower contents 2+ 2+ +
Historic milestones in the management of lower limb varicose veins

Żylaki to schorzenie znane i opisywane od ponad 3500 lat. Przez wieki stosowano rozne sposoby ich leczenia. Wiele z tych metod ewoluowalo i stosuje sie je w nowej formie do dziś. Podstawowe znaczenie w chirurgii zylakow zyly odpiszczelowej wielkiej mialy przeciecie jej ujścia (krosektomia) oraz usuniecie pnia zyly (stripping) cześciowe lub na calej jej dlugości. W leczeniu zachowawczym obok farmakoterapii najwazniejsza okazala sie kompresjoterapia. Waznym osiągnieciem jest rowniez metoda skleroterapii powstala po wynalezieniu strzykawki, polegająca na iniekcji środka chemicznego. Zabiegi chirurgiczne dokonywane na zyle odpiszczelowej nadal wiązą sie z duzą liczbą nawrotow. Podejrzewa sie, iz dostepne obecnie metody obliteracji pnia zyly (radioablacja, laseroterapia czy skleroterapia pianką) poprawią wyniki odlegle oraz zmniejszą miejscowy uraz tkanek i pozwolą uzyskac lepszy efekt kosmetyczny. W dyskusjach na temat metody referencyjnej powinno sie uwzgledniac rowniez wiedze o historycznych aspektach leczenia choroby zylakowej, zwlaszcza w setną rocznice ogloszenia przez Babcocka metody operacji stosowanej powszechnie do dzisiaj.
Adult attachment styles and mental well-being in relation to romantic relationship satisfaction

The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between anxiety and avoidant attachment styles, mental well-being and romantic relationship satisfaction. A betweensubjects cross-sectional correlational design was utilised. Attachment orientations were measured with the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) Scale; mental wellbeing was measured with the WEMWBS (Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale); and relationship satisfaction was measured with the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS). 118 students (50.5% female and 49.5% male), recruited through opportunity sampling, participated. Attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction, while increased well-being was positively correlated with it. The theoretical and practical implications of the results contribute towards the effort for global improvement in affective human relationship functioning.
Effects of Preemptive Epidural Infusion on Cytokine Response and Postoperative Pain in Pediatric Patients

Abs tract Aim: Changes in the metabolic, endocrine, and immune systems caused by surgical trauma and pain are associated with increased concentrations of the biological mediators such as cytokines. Preemptive epidural analgesia may affect pain caused by surgical trauma and the corresponding neurohumoral response induced by the neuromediators. This study investigated the effects of preemptive epidural analgesia on postoperative pain and cytokine levels. Methods: A total of 60 children undergoing urological surgery were randomly assigned to either the preemptive epidural analgesia (Preempt EA, n=31) group or the postoperative epidural analgesia (Postop EA, n=29) group. Epidural infusion was started before the surgical incision in Preempt EA group and after the peritoneal closure in the Postop EA group. Blood samples were collected preoperatively (before anesthesia induction), 1 h and 24 h after surgery. Plasma TNF-α and IL-2 levels were measured by ELISA. Postoperative pain was assessed using the FACES pain scale, and postoperative analgesia was evaluated 1 h and 24 h after surgery. Results: Although TNF-α levels were increased 1 h and 24 h after surgery compared to preoperative levels in both groups, the levels were significantly higher in the Postop EA group. IL-2 levels were significantly higher at both postoperative time points in the Preempt EA group than in the Postop EA group. There were no significant differences in pain scores between the groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that preemptive epidural analgesia may attenuate the proinflammatory response but has no effect on pain intensity. (The Me di cal Bul le tin of Ha se ki 2013; 51: 162-7)
Analysis of Vegetation Structure Causing Top-Dying In Mangrove Forest Trees in the Sundarbans in Bangladesh

Sundarbans is the largest, biologically richest, and most extensive mangrove forest in the world (Christensen, 1984; Seidensticker and Hai, 1983; Hussain and Karim, 1994). Heritiera fomes (Sundri) is the predominant tree species, supporting about 65% of the total merchantable timber (Chaffey et al., 1985, and Siddiqi, 2001). A unknown and serious-killer disease (top dying) of H. fomes in Sundarbans is affecting millions of the trees. An inventory by Chaffey et al., (1985) revealed that there were about 45.2 million top dying trees in the Sundarbans of which 20 million had more than 50% of their crown affected by top dying. The loss of H. fomes will have a major impact on the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, which leads to economic losses. The vegetation structure was assessed in terms of tree height, bole diameter, species present, and regeneration status; and the intensity of top-dying within the plots was recorded on a rank scale. Most of the elements studied had no significant correlation with the top dying of Heritiera fomes. Of the hypotheses previously put forward to explain top-dying, the present results do not support enhanced salinity as the cause. It is likely that several of the above-mentioned environmental factors interact with each other to induce top dying in Sundri. However, the present results have showed that Sn, Exchangeable K, soil pH, Pb , Zn and Ni could be directly linked with top-dying of Heritiera fomes (Sundri) in Sundarbans, probably particularly by weakening the vigour of the trees and allowing other factors such as pathological agents to attack the plants.
DOPPLER MONITORING OF FIVE K2 TRANSITING PLANETARY SYSTEMS

In an effort to measure the masses of planets discovered by the NASA K2 mission, we have conducted precise Doppler observations of five stars with transiting planets. We present the results of a joint analysis of these new data and previously published Doppler data. The first star, an M dwarf known as K2-3 or EPIC 201367065, has three transiting planets (“b,” with radius “c,” and “d,” ). Our analysis leads to the mass constraints: and Mc < 4.2 M⊕ (95% confidence). The mass of planet d is poorly constrained because its orbital period is close to the stellar rotation period, making it difficult to disentangle the planetary signal from spurious Doppler shifts due to stellar activity. The second star, a G dwarf known as K2-19 or EPIC 201505350, has two planets (“b,” 7.7 R⊕; and “c,” 4.9 R⊕) in a 3:2 mean-motion resonance, as well as a shorter-period planet (“d,” 1.1 R⊕). We find Mb = , Mc = and Md < 14.0 M⊕ (95% conf.). The third star, a G dwarf known as K2-24 or EPIC 203771098, hosts two transiting planets (“b,” 5.7 R⊕; and “c,” 7.8 R⊕) with orbital periods in a nearly 2:1 ratio. We find Mb = and Mc = . The fourth star, a G dwarf known as EPIC 204129699, hosts a hot Jupiter for which we measured the mass to be . The fifth star, a G dwarf known as EPIC 205071984, contains three transiting planets (“b,” 5.4 R⊕; “c,” 3.5 R⊕; and “d,” 3.8 R⊕), the outer two of which have a nearly 2:1 period ratio. We find Mb = , Mc < (95% conf.) and Md < 35 M⊕ (95% conf.).
Structural and functional brain organization underlying spontaneous and deliberate mind-wandering

3 Abstract (Englisch) . 5Englisch) . 5 Eidesstaatliche Versicherung . 7 Ausführliche Anteilserklärung an der erfolgten Publikation. 8 Auszug aus der Journal Summary List (ISI Web of Knowledge). 9 Der Dissertation zugrunde liegende wissenschaftliche Publikation . 10 Lebenslauf . 20 Publikationsliste. 23 Danksagung . 24
Trace element intake via soil ingestion in pronghorns and in black-tailed jackrabbits.

Soil ingestion ratios were estimated for 2 primuy herbivore species utilizing a sagebrush ecosystem in southeastern Idaho to determine the relative lmportence of soil and vegetation p8tbways in trece element ingestion end to make predictions of the hnportance of these pethwoys for toxic end radioactive elemental intake. The mean (z end 9596 CI) soil intake rates for pronghorns (Antilocqwa amaicana) end b&k-teiled jsckrebbits (Zepus cal~ornkus) were 48.7 (45.C52.7) end 9.7 (9.0-10.6) g/day, respectively, with seesorrel peeks occurring in spring (Much-May) end in fell (August-October). We did not determine whether soil intake resulted from direct soil ingestion or soii 8ttechment to ingested forge. Soil comprised 5.4% and 6.3% respectively, of the pronghorn end jackrabbit totei dry metter intake. Relating trace element concentrations in soil end vegetation to the deiiy soil end forage intake rates permitted en estimate of the importence of these 2 ingestion pethweys. For both pronghom end jockrabbits, the estimated percentege of elemental intake attributable to soil was 75% (Na, Fe, V, end F) end lO-SO% (Mn, Cr, Mg, Ni, K end Zn).
Effects of Two-Dimensional Noncommutative Theories on Bound States Schrödinger Diatomic Molecules under New Modified Kratzer-Type Interactions

In this work, an analytical expression for the nonrelativistic energy spectrum of some diatomic molecules was obtained through the Bopp’s shift method in the noncommutative (NC) two-dimensional real space-phase symmetries (NC: 2D-RSP) with a new modified Kratzer-type potential (NMKP) in the framework of two infinitesimal parameters and due to (space-phase) noncommutativity, by means of the solution of the noncommutative Schrödinger equation. The perturbation property of the spin-orbital Hamiltonian operator and new Zeeman effect of two-dimensional system are investigated. We have shown that, the new energy of diatomic molecule is the sum of ordinary energy of modified Kratzer-type potential, in commutative space, and new additive terms due to the contribution of the additive part of the NMKP. We have shown also that, the group symmetry of (NC: 2D-RSP) reduce to new sub-group symmetry of NC two-dimensional real space (NC: 2D-RSP) under new modified Kratzer-type interactions.
The effects of infaunal biodiversity on biogeochemistry of coastal marine sediments

We tested the role of benthic infaunal functional diversity in regulating the biogeochemistry of nearshore sediments using laboratory microcosms. Single and multispecies assemblages of deposit‐feeding polychaetes (Clymenella torquata, Spio setosa, and Leitoscoloplos fragilis) were used, and fluxes of oxygen and phosphate, as well as profiles of oxygen and pH in the sediment pore water, were measured. Significant differences in flux rates were found among treatments that were unrelated to polychaete abundance or biomass alone. Multispecies assemblages had lower flux rates of both oxygen and phosphate than rates calculated from the single‐species treatments. Depth integrated oxygen and pH profiles also showed significant differences between multispecies assemblages and selected single‐species treatments. These differences were most likely from species‐specific feeding and burrowing behavior and species‐related interactions. Coefficients of variance for both oxygen and pH were highest for microcosms with no polychaetes and lowest for the assemblages, indicating a dampening effect of multispecies assemblages on porewater heterogeneity. When oxygen flux data was incorporated into a model of oxygen dynamics in Long Island Sound, results indicated that shifts in the benthic community composition could change sediment oxygen consumption rates sufficiently to disrupt the balance between the physical supply of oxygenated water and biological oxygen demand. The results of this study confirm the importance of benthic functional biodiversity to nearshore sedimentary processes and suggest that losses of functional diversity can have significant effects on ecosystem function.
Gestion de l'impact et de la fatigue neuromusculaire en trail running

Bien que constitue anatomiquement et physiologiquement pour la course d’endurance, l’Homme est considerablement exposes a diverses blessures musculo-squelettiques liees a la repetition de contraintes mecaniques. Le coureur de trail running par exemple est soumis a de nombreux impacts ainsi qu’a une fatigue et des dommages musculaires severes. Ces chocs repetitifs et dommages musculaires reduiraient la tolerance du coureur face aux contraintes mecaniques le poussant ainsi a alterer sa cinematique de course. Par consequent, minimiser les dommages musculo-squelettiques serait determinant pour la performance en trail running. Des evidences montrent que la pose de pied altere la localisation et l’intensite des contraintes appliquees au systeme musculo-squelettique. L’objectif de ce travail de these a ete d’etudier l’influence du pattern de pose de pied sur l’impact et la fatigue neuromusculaire en trail running. Les phases de descente ont ete tout particulierement etudiees du fait qu’elles sont les plus traumatisantes. En effet, ce travail de these a mis en evidence qu’en situation de trail running, l’intensite de l’impact augmente lorsque la pente diminue, et que la fatigue neuromusculaire peripherique est aussi severe a la suite d’une descente isolee qu’apres un ultra-trail de plusieurs heures. En etudiant l’influence de la pose de pied adoptee au cours d’une descente en situation de trail running, il a ete observe qu’attaquer le sol par l’avant du pied augmentait la fatigue neuromusculaire aux extenseurs du genou. Cependant, une importante variabilite dans les patterns de pose de pied adoptes au cours de la descente a ete associee a une baisse de la fatigue neuromusculaire aux extenseurs du genou et flechisseurs plantaires. L’influence de la pose de pied sur l’intensite du choc et le contenu vibratoire le long des axes axial et transversal a egalement ete demontree : adopter une attaque talon diminue la severite du choc axial mais reduit l’intensite du choc transversal. La principale conclusion est qu’aucun pattern de course ne saurait etre universellement recommande du fait que « changer de pose de pied » est synonyme de « changer la localisation et la magnitude des contraintes appliquees au systeme musculo-squelettique ». En ce sens, alterner entre differents patterns de course serait une strategie efficiente en trail running
Computational modeling of spanwise flexibility effects on flapping wing aerodynamics

The implications of spanwise flexibility on flapping wing aerodynamics are investigated numerically for a rectangular wing in pure heave. A computational framework for fluidstructural interactions has been developed based on a direct coupling procedure between (i) a pressure-based finite-volume fluid flow solver based on the Navier-Stokes equations, and (ii) a quasi-3D finite element structural dynamics solver based on a geometrically nonlinear composite beam-like and linear plate-like formulations. The computational results are first correlated with available experimental data. It is shown that two key factors associated with spanwise wing deformation affect thrust generation, namely, in-phase motion between the wing tip and root, and the increased effective angle of attack of the deformed wing. If the wing motions resulting from both prescribed motion and deformation are correlated, the increased effective angle of attack at the tip could enhance the aerodynamic performance. If the flexibility is too high, then the wing tip and root could move in inconsistent directions, resulting in deteriorated aerodynamic performance.
INTESTINAL PARASITES IN THE CANTABRIAN CAPERCAILLIE TETRAO UROGALLUS CANTABRICUS : A COPROLOGICAL STUDY

SUMMARY. ‐Intestinal parasites in the Cantabrian Capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus cantabricus: a coprological study. The intestinal parasites of the Cantabrian Capercaillie were Estudied by counting the eggs of parasitic species found in 154 faecal samples from 34 localities in the Cantabrian mountains. Prevalence was 58% for Eimeria sp. and 25% for Capillaria sp. ; however, both intensity and mean intensity of these parasites were very low if compared to other populations of Tetraonidae. Other parasites were infrequent and, specifically, we found no cestodes which are characteristic parasites of the genus Tetrao (Raillietina sp. and Davainea sp.). We conclude that it is unlikely that intestinal parasites cause the decline of Capercaillie populations in the studied localities of the Cantabrian range.
Understanding Sino-Zambia Trade Relations: Trends, Determinants and Policy Implications

In the recent past, Sub-Saharan Africa recorded impressive economic growth. Many of these countries, including Zambia, benefited from external environments, such as China’s growing demand of African raw commodities coinciding with rising commodity prices. This saw unprecedented increase in both trade and investment between China and Africa. In this context, Sino-Zambia bilateral relations have deepened, especially after 2000. It is from this context of increasing Sino-Zambia/Africa trade relations and the controversy surrounding China’s engagements in Africa that this paper tried to understand Sino-Zambia Trade Relations by examining the trends and determinants of Zambia’s trade with China and the Policy implications thereof. To achieve this, the traditional augmented Gravity Model of International Trade and selected Trade Indicators such as Trade Intensity Index, Terms of Trade and Trade Potentials were used for the analysis covering 15 countries over a period of 15 years (2000-2014) on panel data. The results indicate that Sino-Zambia bilateral trade is significantly determined by Zambia’s GDP, population and the stock of investment as well as China’s GDP per capita and the stock of investment. The results also indicated that, when China is regressed together with the other partners, using the fixed effects estimation method, only partner GDP and population determine Zambia’s bilateral trade. FDI stock, RTA and PTA also showed significant and positive coefficients in influencing Zambia’s trade while border and language were found to have a negative influence on Zambia’s trade, signifying trade barriers. Further, the analysis revealed that Sino-Zambia relations have been growing rapidly, both in scope and importance as evidenced by high Trade Intensity Index and Trade Potential; and that Sino-Zambia bilateral trade relations follow Sino-African trade relations. The paper recommends urgent investments in infrastructure development, especially transport and communications and power generation as well as the formulation of consistent and appropriate policies aimed at reducing trade barriers while promoting an export led diversification agenda. The paper further recommends further detailed studies on the economic impact of Zambia’s trade with China on the Zambian Economy and on how to promote Zambia’s agricultural trade with China.
Effect of oxidized soybean oils on oxidative status and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oxidized soybean oils on the growth performance, metabolic oxidative status and intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old female broiler chickens were assigned to four dietary treatments with six replicates (cages) of 10 birds each. The dietary treatments comprised of a basal diet supplemented with 4% of: nonoxidized (fresh) soybean oil (control treatment, SNX); lowly-oxidized soybean oil (SLX) (oil heated for 10h at 200°C); moderately-oxidized soybean oil (SMX) (oil heated for 18h at 200°C); or highly-oxidized soybean oil (SHX) (oil heated for 30h at 200°C). Diets and water were offered ad libitum. The experiment was lasted 21d.The growth performance of broilers, determined from 1 to 14 d and from 1 to 21 d of age, was not affected by the dietary treatments (p>0.05). Broilers fed oxidized soybean oils presented higher corticosterone serum levels compared with those fed non-oxidized oil (p<0.05). Higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels onday14 and 21 (p<0.05), and lower total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and totalsuperoxide dismutase (T-SOD) values on day 21were obtained in the liver of broiler fed oxidized oils relative to those fed the non-oxidized oil (p<0.05). Broilers fed the highly-oxidized soybean oil had higher (p<0.05) MDA levels in the jejunum on day 21 compared with those fed non-oxidized soybean oil. Chickens fed moderatelyand highlyoxidized soybean oil presented lower (p<0.05) T-SOD activity inileal mucosa compared with those fed non-oxidized soybean oil. Ileal mRNA expression of claudin-1 tended to be down regulated by the dietary addition of oxidized oils (p=0.056). The mRNA expression of interleukin-22 (IL-22) of broilers fed moderately-oxidized and highlyoxidized soybean oil was higher (p<0.05), and the mRNA expression of occludin and catalase was lower (p<0.05) than those fed nonoxidized soybean oil. However, the morphology of the jejunal and ileal mucosa was not influenced (p>0.05) by the dietary oxidized oil treatments. It was concluded that oxidized oils may cause oxidative stress by reducing intestinal and liver antioxidant capacity; increase intestinal permeability by reducing mRNA expression levels of tightjunction proteins claudin-1 and occludin; and cause inflammation by increasing mRNA expression level of the inflammation-related factor IL-22.