Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of UK student counselling services: an analysis using the CORE System

ABSTRACT Despite concern surrounding the mental health of students, brought about by the government's policy of widening participation and increasing demands upon students, the effectiveness of student counselling has been a neglected research area. This study examines data from seven UK student counselling services using the CORE System in the routine evaluation of their services. Results indicate that counselling is effective, with 70% (service range 67% to 83%) of clients with outcome measures available showing reliable improvement on the CORE-OM from pre- to post-therapy. However, students who complete a course of counselling show significantly greater improvement, according to practitioner pre- and post-therapy severity ratings of depression and anxiety, than those clients who drop out or have an unplanned therapy ending (effect size 1.03, 0.85, respectively). The stage at which students drop out of therapy is important, with those students dropping out of therapy before the third session being the most vulnerable. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Complementary feeding practices and dietary intake among children 12-23 months in Mwingi district, Kenya

A cross-sectional study was carried out among 280 children (12-23 months), Mwingi district, Kenya. Complementary foods were introduced at age 2.5 ± 1.7 months and the mean duration of breastfeeding was 10.5 ± 4.1 months. An unfortified maize porridge was the main complementary food. At least 60% of the children in all the dietary diversity terciles consumed starchy staples and oils in the preceding 24 hr. The mean dietary diversity score was 4.9 ± 1.3 and 4.3 ± 1.0 out of a possible score of 14 and 8 as suggested by FAO, respectively. Dietary diversity was limited in animal products. Deficits in dietary energy, iron and zinc were found due to early introduction of complementary foods and low consumption of food rich in iron. Establishing local solutions to increase dietary diversity and promote use of foods rich in iron and proteins to improve available complementary diets are needed.
Risperidone and quetiapine-related arthralgia.

vating the hormone system (eg, renin and aldosterone), and (3) a type I and/or type IV allergic response to antipsychotic. The hypothesis of an antipsychotic-related vasodilation seemed to be more plausible because a recent cross-sectional study has shown a significant change in vascular compliance in 63 psychiatric patients on risperidone or quetiapine compared to a control group composed of 111 nonpsychiatric subjects who did not take any antipsychotic. Given that paliperidone is the 9hydroxy metabolite of risperidone, it is likely that these 2 drugs share common pathogenic pathways causing the edema. One possibility is that the compounds they share induce the edematous event. These compounds include the paliperidone itself and its associated metabolites resulting from a benzisoxazole scission or N-dealkylation metabolic pathway, and the common inactive ingredients that make up risperidone and paliperidone, such as titanium dioxide, propylene glycol, and ionic compounds containing sodium. It would be interesting to study the pathogenic role of these compounds because some of them are not well studied and some are categorized as drug additives that have been used to formulate several other antipsychotics (eg, olanzapine and quetiapine) that have been known to induce peripheral edema. In summary, this report alerts physicians to the potential development of peripheral edema in patients being prescribed paliperidone. Several patient characteristics and many other antipsychotics may be linked to this adverse effect. Therefore, close monitoring might be needed when initiating antipsychotic treatment. A multicenter study using a central database, including follow-up data, should be performed to systematically study peripheral edema in patients treated with antipsychotics.
Head and Neck Cancer Stem Cells: The Effect of HPV

Objective: To determine the relative sensitivity to cisplatin of cancer stem cells (CSC) and if behavior and proportion of CSC in cell lines is affected by HPV. We determined the effect of HPV oncogenes on the tumorigenicity of naturally infected, HPV-negative, and viral oncogene transduced human HNSCC cells in mice. Method: Using naturally infected HPV+ and HPV– cell lines, we isolated CSC by flow cytometry with ALDH. Chemoresistence was determined using colony formation assays. Two HPV– cell lines underwent lentiviral transduction of E6/E7. Native and E6/E7 transduced cells were compared for lung colonization after tail vein injection in NOD/SCID mice. Results: HPV+ CSCs were more resistant to cisplatin than non-CSCs. There were no differences in chemoresistance between HPV+ and HPV– cells. HPV– cells yielded low colony formation after cell sorting across all groups. However, after transduction with E6/E7, increased colony formation was observed in both CSC and non-CSC for these same cells. Results from tail vein injections yielded no differences in development of lung lesions between E6/E7 transduced cells vs non-E6/E7 cells. Conclusion: CSC are more resistant to cisplatin than non-CSC. Chemotherapy may shrink tumor bulk by eliminating non-CSC, but CSC have inherent mechanisms that allow evasion. HPV does not affect CSC in the face of therapy, suggesting that other factors, possibly immune regulated, explain the observed better outcomes in HPV+ cancer patients.
Relationship Between Symptomatic Improvement and Overall Illness Severity in Patients With Schizophrenia

Background Whether improvement on ratings of global illness severity is differentially associated with improvement in specific symptom domains in patients with schizophrenia is not well understood. The present study examined the independent relationships between improvement in specific symptom clusters and change in global impressions of illness severity. Methods This study included 589 patients with chronic schizophrenia who were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of antipsychotic treatment. Both clinicians and patients completed the Clinical Global Impressions–Severity of Illness Scale (CGI-S). Symptom severity was assessed using factor scores derived from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Results Change in illness severity ratings made by the clinician and those made by the patient demonstrated moderate overlap. Nearly half of the patients were evaluated as clinically improved during the 6-month period, as rated by the clinician, with less than a third of patients experiencing a reduction in illness severity as determined by both the clinician and themselves. Improvements in clinician-rated CGI-S scores were most strongly associated with reduction in positive symptom severity. In contrast, change in patient-rated CGI-S scores was not linked to reduction in positive symptoms but rather to improvement in depressive and anxiety symptoms. This latter finding remained in a subsample of patients with relatively preserved insight into illness, suggesting that lack of insight cannot account for these findings. Finally, reduction in positive symptoms beyond 2 to 3 points was found to be clinically meaningful. Conclusions In conclusion, change in overall illness severity, as determined by clinicians, is not necessarily interchangeable with patients’ view of improvement of their own clinical status. Moreover, changes in the 2 evaluations of illness severity are associated with changes in different symptom domains.
Antidepressant Effects of Open Label Treatment With Coenzyme Q10 in Geriatric Bipolar Depression

Although bipolar disorder (BD) often presents in young adulthood, most individuals experience recurrent mood episodes, psychosocial deficits and high utilization of health services that persist into later life.1 Bipolar depression represents the predominant and least successfully treated phase of this illness. Individuals with BD spend more time ill with depressive symptoms than with manic/hypomanic or with cycling/mixed symptoms,2-4 and the proportion of time spent in depressive episodes to time spent in manic episodes increases with age. The few medications (quetiapine, lurasidone, olanzapine-fluoxetine) FDA-approved for treatment of bipolar depression were studied in predominantly middle-adult-aged cohorts. The clinical management of bipolar disorder in later life is also complicated by medical co-morbidity, cognitive impairment and polypharmacy.5 Furthermore, the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie bipolar depression may change with age and resistance to current treatments is high.6,7 Over the past decade there has been increasing evidence8 that implicates alterations in bioenergetic metabolism and enhanced oxidative stress in the neurobiology of bipolar disorder.9 Although the degree of mitochondrial dysfunction does not produce a substantial systemic metabolic disorder, it is likely sufficient to impact the CNS, as the brain requires twenty-fold the energy production of the rest of the body.9 Furthermore, the efficiency of mitochondrial energy production declines with age, an effect seen both in CNS and peripheral tissue. Successful treatment strategies for late life bipolar disorder may depend on developing novel ways to address reduced mitochondrial ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is present in the phospholipid bilayers of mitochondria,10 shuttling electrons within the mitochondrial electron transport chain to generate ATP and serving as a potent antioxidant.11 CoQ10has been studied as a treatment for disorders implicating mitochondrial impairment, including congestive heart failure, diabetes, and degenerative neurological conditions.12-15 We now present the results from an open-label study of CoQ10 (added to existing treatment at a dosage of 800 mg/day for 4 weeks) for the treatment of older adults with a current episode of bipolar depression. We hypothesized that CoQ10 would reduce depressive symptoms as measured by the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).
Comparison of Site-Based Versus Central Ratings in a Study of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

AbstractLack of standardization across sites and raters, poor interrater reliability, and possible scoring bias affecting the primary outcome measure contribute to a high failure rate in anxiety trials. Remote centralized raters who are blinded to protocol inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as visit number may standardize assessments across raters and eliminate scoring bias, decreasing placebo response and thereby increasing signal detection. The purpose of the primary study was to test the safety and efficacy of an anxiolytic in a double-blind, placebo-controlled (no active comparator), multicenter trial. However, there was an additional prospective objective to explore site ratings compared with remote centralized ratings in the cohort of subjects on placebo. Site raters assessed subjects 6 times over an 8-week period. The primary outcome measure was the week 8 site-rated Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A). Remote centralized raters by telephone independently rated these subjects on the HAM-A at baseline and week 6. Of the 122 subjects selected by site raters and therefore randomized, remote centralized raters would have admitted 59 (48%) and excluded 63 (52%), based on their HAM-A ratings. The mean change from baseline in HAM-A total score in the placebo group admitted to the study by site raters was 9.3, significantly higher than the 5.9 point mean change on placebo as measured by the remote centralized raters.The data are consistent with the potential for qualification bias at baseline when rated by sites. The results make a strong case for using strategies to ensure that baseline scoring is truly independent of the pressure to enroll.
Informal math coaching by instant messaging: Two case studies of how university students coach K-12 students

The aim of this study is to describe and explore how instant messaging (IM) can be used to support informal math coaching. We have studied two projects where university students use IM to coach K-12 students in mathematics. The coaches were interviewed with a focus on how informal coaching works by examining coaching challenges, how coaching can be organized, whether coaching should be anonymous or personal, which tools can be used and how informal math coaching supports learning. Research shows that generating and answering questions are important in the process of understanding and learning, which means that both the students and the coaches can learn math through this type of project. The coaches perceive informal math coaching as complementing online math forums. For students to learn effectively, the coaches need to be able to interpret the students' competence level in order to coach on a level that is within their development zone. It seems particularly challenging to coach at the right level when using IM and, therefore, it is important to establish a personal relationship with the students.
Improvement of Glycemic Control Using Methylphenidate Treatment of Apathy: A Preliminary Report

To the Editor: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a psychologically and behaviorally demanding chronic illness. Although usually guided by a health professional, patients with DM conduct 95% of their own disease management. DMassociated self-management requires controlled dietary intake, regular exercise, adherence to a medication regimen, regular glucose monitoring, and effective collaboration with healthcare providers for optimal outcomes. Poor glycemic control is linked to microvascular complications such as blindness, renal disease, and lower limb amputations, so it is crucial to identify factors that lead to suboptimal diabetes management. The presence of comorbid mental illness, such as depression, is linked to poor glycemic control. It has been established that individuals with DM have a high prevalence of apathy, a syndrome of profound loss of motivation distinct from depression. Individuals with DM with apathy were found to have a higher body mass index (BMI) and be less likely to adhere to an exercise plan or their prescribed insulin regimen than those without apathy. After adjustment for covariates, the mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was 0.66% greater for apathetic than nonapathetic individuals. Others have also linked apathy with poor follow-up and adherence in people with DM. No study has examined the effect of treatment of apathy on glycemic control.
Bile proteome in health and disease.

The study of bile proteins could improve the understanding of physiological processes involved in the regulation of the hepato-biliary system. Researchers have tried for years to investigate the bile proteome but, until recently, only a few tens of proteins were known. The advent of proteomics, availing of large-scale analytical devices paired with potent bioinformatic resources, lately allowed the identification of thousands of proteins in bile. Nevertheless, the knowledge of their role in the hepato-biliary system still represents almost a "blank page in the book of physiology. " In this review, we first guide the reader through the historical phases of the analysis of bile protein content, emphasizing the recent progresses achieved through the use of proteomic techniques. Thereafter, we deeply explore the involvement of bile proteins in health and disease, with a particular focus on the discovery of biomarkers for biliary tract malignancies.
Predictors of Nonhospitalization and Functional Response in Clozapine Treatment: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study

Background Clozapine remains the only evidence-based treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, and prediction of clozapine response is important in developing stratified treatment. We studied potential predictors of clozapine response, applying functional assessments as well as service use. Procedures We performed a nationwide cohort study among all individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia in Denmark after 1995 (age, ≥18 years) who initiated clozapine treatment between 2004 and 2011 with a Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF-F) score registered at clozapine initiation. During up to 2-year follow-up, clinical response was defined as (a) no further hospitalization with schizophrenia or (b) improvement in GAF-F score (moderate improvement: increase, ≥10; substantial improvement: increase, ≥20; and GAF-F, ≥50). We performed Cox regression analysis and report adjusted hazard rate ratios (HRRs; 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]). Results Among 502 clozapine users with a registered GAF-F score, 232 (46.2%) remained out of hospital, 96 (19.1%) achieved moderate functional improvement, and 29 (5.8%) substantial functional improvement. Of all potential predictors, voluntary status at clozapine initiation showed borderline statistical significance with nonhospitalization (HRR, 1.61; 95% CI, 0.97–2.67). Regarding functional improvement, living with a partner was the strongest predictor with an almost threefold increased HRR (2.78; 95% CI, 1.07–7.23). Female sex was only nonsignificantly associated with functional improvement, whereas the chance of substantial improvement decreased by 15% (HRR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72–1.00) for each year delay in clozapine initiation among females. Conclusions Living with a partner was the strongest predictor of functioning after clozapine initiation in this study. Although potentially indicating better premorbid functioning, this finding stresses the need and importance of social support during the course of the treatment independent of clinical factors.
Diagnosing Delirium in Older Hospitalized Adults with Dementia: Adapting the Confusion Assessment Method to International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Diagnostic Criteria

To compare performance characteristics of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) algorithm for screening and delirium diagnosis with criteria for delirium from the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) in high‐risk individuals.
Modelling Facebook usage among university students in Thailand: the role of emotional attachment in an extended technology acceptance model

The aim of this study is to examine the factors that influenced the use of Facebook among university students. Using an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) with emotional attachment (EA) as an external variable, a sample of 498 students from a public-funded Thailand university were surveyed on their responses to five variables hypothesized to predict their actual use of Facebook. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling and the results showed that perceived usefulness (PU), attitude towards technology use (ATU), and EA had direct and significant influences on actual use, while perceived ease of use (PEU) was an indirect determinant of Facebook use. EA has direct and significant influences on all core variables in the TAM: PU; PEU; ATU; and actual use. Together, the PU, ATU, and EA explained 35.1% of the variance in students' usage of Facebook. Relatively, the variation in ATU and PU accounted by their determinants amounted to 55.5% and 50.2%, respectively.
Prevención cardiovascular : ¿siempre demasiado tarde?

Este ano dedicamos nuestra seccion «Puesta al Dia» al tema «Prevencion cardiovascular». Mediante 8 articulos de revision cuidadosamente seleccionados, encomendados a expertos de reconocido prestigio internacional, intentaremos revisar en profundidad los aspectos mas importantes de este tema de permanente actualidad (tabla 1). Nuestro proposito es conseguir una actualizacion seria, rigurosa y critica —cuestionando los conceptos que no tienen una adecuada base cientifica— sobre los efectos beneficiosos de la prevencion cardiovascular en todas sus facetas. A continuacion repasaremos este tema a la luz de la informacion proporcionada por diversos estudios recientemente publicados en REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA.
The benefits of a challenge: student motivation and flow experience in tablet-PC-game-based learning

Advances in technology have led to continuous innovation in teaching and learning methods. For instance, the use of tablet PCs (TPCs) in classroom instruction has been shown to be effective in attracting and motivating students' interest and increasing their desire to participate in learning activities. In this paper, we used a TPCs game – an iPad app called Motion Math: Hungry Fish – to help young students learn to theoretically understand and practically implement the mathematical concepts of addition and subtraction. Based on findings from a pilot study, we categorized the game's 18 levels of difficulty into “challenging” (experimental group) and “matching” (control group) games. We aimed to investigate whether challenging games were more able than matching games to improve the students' motivation, flow experience, self-efficacy for technology, self-efficacy for science, feelings about the TPC game, and satisfaction with the learning approach. The findings showed that the students in the experimental group achieved better flow experience, learning performance, and satisfaction.
The effect of azathioprine (Imuran) on the cell cycle of promonocytes and the production of monocytes in the bone marrow.

: The present communication concerns the effect of azathioprine on the mitotic activity of promonocytes and the production of monocytes. In vitro and in vivo labeling with [3H]thymidine showed that during azathioprine treatment the promonocytes synthesize DNA and that, contrary to expectation, the labeling index increases. Cytospectrophotometric determination of the Feulgen-DNA content of the promonocytes during azathioprine treatment showed an increase in the percentage of tetraploid promonocytes, and determination of the various phases of the cell cycle showed significantly increased DNA synthesis and cell cycle times as compared with the normal steady state. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that azathioprine arrests the cell cycle of the promonocytes late in the DNA synthesis phase or in the postsynthesis (G2) phase and mitosis does not occur. This timing of the effect of azathioprine had not been previously observed. The diminished mitotic activity of the promonocytes during azathioprine treatment depressed monocyte production. During treatment with 3 mg/kg azathioprine the cell cycle time of the promonocytes was on the average 5.5 h longer than in the normal steady state and the rate of monocyte production was reduced by 70%. During an acute inflammatory reaction too, monocyte production is affected by azathioprine. In animals not treated with azathioprine but with an acute inflammation the cell cycle time becomes shorter and the monocyte production increases, but animals treated with (3 mg/kg) azathioprine do not show this effect. The kinetics of the monocyte also changes under the low dosage of azathioprine. As consequence of the diminished production of monocytes, far fewer (about 50%) monocytes enter and leave the circulation than during the normal steady state. During an acute inflammatory reaction the numbers in transit through the circulation are slightly augmented but remain considerably lower than in nonazathioprine-trehat of animals not treated with azathioprine.