Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiphysics Design and Optimization of High-Speed Permanent-Magnet Electrical Machines for Air Blower Applications

In this paper, a high-speed permanent-magnet (PM) electrical machine is designed for centrifugal air blower application with consideration of the multiphysics constraints, including the mechanical strength, rotor dynamics, mechanical losses, and thermal field. In order to minimize the probabilities of mechanical failure and to realize the compact structure, the length and the outer diameter of rotor from mechanical point of view are designed and optimized. The optimization of sleeve thickness is performed by an accurate finite-element modeling which the interference is equivalent to the contact pressure. The optimization of rotor strength is based on the length-diameter ratio curve by using the finite-element method, which is followed behind the optimization of sleeve thickness. An assessment of machine cooling design from thermal point of view is performed by using the computational fluid dynamics modeling. Finally, in order to verify the accuracy of theoretical analysis, the prototype is fabricated with consideration of all critical values of the design parameters, and measured on the test bench.
Assessment of Anthropogenic Activities on Water Quality of Benin River

Assessment of water quality was conducted from June to December, 2011 in five stations along the stretch of the Benin River between Ajimele and Koko town in attempt to assess and determine the source of anthropogenic activities affecting the river. Twentyfour parameters have been monitored on 5 sampling stations on a monthly-day-trip. Inter station comparisons and locations of significant differences were carried out using parametric ANOVA and Duncan multiple range tests. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Water Quality Index (WQI) were used to establish relationship among water quality parameters and determine the water quality status. First six components of PCA accounted for 90.96% of observed variations and showed similarity between the sampling stations indicating different anthropogenic activities and pollution levels of sampled sites. Factors identified as responsible for variability in the sampling stations are organic pollution, industrial effluent, soil erosion, nutrient loading and human activities, especially in station 4 and 5. WQI for sampling stations 1 and 3 was very poor for drinking (201 - 300) and stations 2, 4 and 5 was unsuitable (> 301) for human consumptions. In the final analysis, this investigation presents the usefulness of PCA and WQI in assessing complex datasets of surface water quality and as well as a call to action for the state and federal ministry of environment to take this issue of water quality degradation in Benin River into consideration, by reducing organic pollution and effluent discharge into the river. An intense and continuous water quality monitoring is highly recommended. © JASEM Keywords : Organic pollution, Industrial effluent, Water Quality Index (WQI), Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
Virulence Factors of Escherichia coliIsolates From Patients with Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Neuropathic Bladders Due to Spinal Cord and Brain Injuries

ABSTRACT Chronic bacteriuria is a common occurrence among spinal-cord injury patients and others with neuropathic bladders. If bacteria are present in the urinary tract, the patient may develop symptoms of infection or remain asymptomatic. We have compared virulence properties of 28Escherichia coli isolates from patients with symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTI) and 29 E. coli isolates from patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). Bacteria from patients with symptomatic UTI were more likely to be hemolytic than isolates from patients with ABU (P = 0.05) or fecal isolates obtained from healthy volunteers (P < 0.001). Bacteria from patients with symptomatic UTI were also more likely than strains isolated from patients with ABU (P = 0.08) or fecal strains (P < 0.001) to exhibitd-mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human erythrocytes. The results suggest that E. coli isolates from nonimmunocompromised patients who require intermittent catheterization and who develop symptomatic UTI may be distinguished from bacteria recovered from patients who remain asymptomatic and possibly from normal fecal E. coli.
Study of Abdominal Injury: An Analysis of 50 Cases

Abdominal injury is an important aspect of trauma because of difficulty in diagnosis and its lethal potential if not properly treated. Fifty cases of abdominal injury admitted in the surgical wards of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital over 2 years have been studied here. All the patients underwent laparotomy for their management. The age range of the patient was 14 to 70 years and most commonly involved age group was 21 to 30 years. Male to female ratio was 15.6:1. The incidence of penetrating injury predominated (64%) over non-penetrating injury and majority had stab injuries. Road traffic accident predominated in blunt injury. Small gut injury outnumbered all other injuries in both groups. Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom. Most of the patient arrived in the hospital within 24 hours. Considering clinical presentations and results of investigations, decision for laparotomy was taken with prior resuscitation.
Combined clopidogrel–aspirin treatment for high risk TIA or minor stroke does not increase cerebral microbleeds

Abstract Objectives: To study whether Clopidogrel–Aspirin combined treatment for high risk transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke results in increased number of lesions associated with anti-thrombotic cerebral haemorrhage or cerebral micro-bleeds (CMB) than aspirin alone treatment. Methods: The patients recruited in CHANCE test in our hospital participated in this study. We made a comparison between treatments Aspirin–Clopidogrel combined group and the Aspirin alone group in the numbers of CMB and subsequent cerebral haemorrhages. In addition, we analysed the association between the increased numbers of CMB and subsequent intracerebral haemorrhages. All 129 patients with high risk TIA with microbleeds or minor stroke within 24 hours after the onset (average age 65.9 ± 9.3, 48.7% were male patients) were divided randomly into two groups: (1) 67 patients were given combination therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin (clopidogrel at an initial dose of 300 mg, then 75 mg per day for 90 days, plus aspirin at a dose of 75 mg per day for the first 21 days);(2) the rest patients were given aspirin treatment (75 mg per day for 90 days). All participants received open-label aspirin at a clinician-determined dose of 75–300 mg on the first day. Results: The CMB were found in 52.7% of all patients in both groups. There was no siginificant difference between the Aspirin group and the Aspirin–clopidogrel treated group, though the latter showed some slight increase in CMB (Odds ratios (OR) = 1.16, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.54–2.47, P = 0.71). But the numbers of CMB were remarkably associated with the number of primary existing CMB (OR = 6.46, 95%CI 2.57–16.23, P < 0.001), especially that of primary existing CMB ≥ 3.In addition, the increasing numbers of CMB associated with primary CMB lesions, which located in corticosubcortical area (CSC) (OR = 4.69, 95%CI 1.51–14.53, P = 0.007). Conclusions: For the treatment of high-risk TIA or minor stroke patients, the clopidogrel–aspirin treatment did not increase the number of CMB than Aspirin alone. It appears that the extent of CMB was associated with the extent of existing CMB occurred in previous stroke, which was mostly located in cortical, subcortical zone.
Estrogenic regulation of cytoplasmic receptor populations in estrogen-responsive tissues of the rat.

Female castrate rats were sacrificed at intervals following a single intraperitoneal injection of either 1, 5 or 10 µg of 17β-estradiol. Maximal depletion of cytoplasmic receptors occurred in uterus, anterior pituitary and hypothalamus at 1 hr. By 10 hr postinjection, tissue cytosols had regained greater than 50% of initial receptor capacities. The replenishment process was synchronous in all three tissues. Concomitant administration of 10 µg of 17β-estradiol and 1 mg of cycloheximide inhibited replenishment, but did not alter initial depletion; this response was not attributable to a direct effect of cycloheximide on the depletion-replenishment process. Intact and 2-week hypophysectomized rats had levels of receptor comparable to female castrate animals. Depletion following 17β-estradiol was similar, but significantly greater 15-hr replenishment was observed as compared to castrate. Administration of 17α-estradiol only slightly depleted receptor levels, but did result in the cycloheximide-sensitive appea.
The Origin and Distribution of Cortical Granules in Human Oocytes with Reference to Golgi, Nucleolar, and Microfilament Activity a

The origin and distribution of cortical granules were investigated in human preovulatory oocytes at various phases of maturation. Twenty-five oocytes obtained from unstimulated small antral follicles and from stimulated large antral and mature follicles were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Ovarian stimulation in women was accomplished by administering Clomid followed by hMG or hCG or both. Small antral follicle oocytes were dissected from ovarian biopsies, while the other oocytes were recovered by laparoscopy. Some oocytes were allowed to mature in Ham's F-10 or Whittingham's T-6 media before routine fixation in glutaraldehyde/osmium. Cortical granules originate from typical, hypertrophic Golgi complexes during early maturation and continue till its completion. Evidently there are two waves of cortical granule synthesis, the first more prolific than the second. The first occurred in small antral follicle oocytes, when there was a peak in Golgi activity, and the second was observed at the germinal vesicle stage, particularly at the onset of resumption of meiosis. Golgi complexes became progressively scarce as oocytes completed first maturation. Golgi membranes were also involved in the formation of lysosomes. A well-defined band of microfilaments was detected in small antral follicle oocytes which seemed to prevent the cortical granules, organized in a single layer, from migrating to the periphery. This band gradually became disorganized at the germinal vesicle stage as oocytes resumed meiosis, when cortical granules were apparently migrating to the surface. Metaphase I and mature oocytes had one to three discontinuous layers of cortical granules beneath the oolemma. The general organization of oocytes was also investigated and the roles of the nucleolus and endoplasmic reticulum in relation to Golgi activity and cell secretion were discussed.
Mucinous carcinoma of the breast: MRI features of pure and mixed forms with histopathologic correlation.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the MRI features of the pure and mixed forms of mucinous carcinoma of the breast and the histopathologic correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen pure and three mixed mucinous tumors of the breast were examined with T2-weighted MRI and triple-phase dynamic MRI. MR images were reviewed for evaluation of the signal intensity and enhancement patterns of tumors and for correlation with the histopathologic findings. RESULTS The presence of very high signal intensity on T2-weighted images was a common feature of pure and mixed mucinous tumors. Fourteen pure tumors and one mixed tumor had very high signal intensity, and three pure and two mixed tumors had very high signal intensity and isointensity on T2-weighted images. The enhancement pattern during the early phase varied with the cellularity of pure tumors and with the distribution of nonmucinous components in mixed tumors. Hypocellular pure mucinous tumors had a typical pattern of gradual enhancement. CONCLUSION Hypercellular pure mucinous tumors exhibit strong early enhancement and may be difficult to differentiate from mixed mucinous tumors. The distinction between the pure and mixed forms of mucinous carcinoma is important because mixed mucinous carcinoma more frequently undergoes lymph node metastasis and has a poorer prognosis than does pure mucinous carcinoma.
Attenuated High‐Dose Cytosine Arabinoside in the Treatment of the Elderly Patient with Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Pilot Study

Seventeen elderly patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (EP-ANLL) were treated with cytarabine, either 1.5 g/m2 or 2.0 g/m2 q 12 h for 4 days [attenuated high-dose ARA-C (HDARAC)]. One complete and one partial response was seen in 15 evaluable cases. Toxicity, evaluated in all 17 patients, was severe, with 47% showing a variety of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group grade 3, 4, or 5 toxicities. Forty-one percent of all patients died within 33 days of initiating treatment. We conclude that attenuated HDARAC is ineffective in inducing remission and is very toxic in the EP-ANLL.
Proton-Detected Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of a Zinc Diffusion Facilitator Protein in Native Nanodiscs.

The structure, dynamics, and function of membrane proteins are intimately linked to the properties of the membrane environment in which the proteins are embedded. For structural and biophysical characterization, membrane proteins generally need to be extracted from the membrane and reconstituted in a suitable membrane-mimicking environment. Ensuring functional and structural integrity in these environments is often a major concern. The styrene/maleic acid co-polymer has recently been shown to be able to extract lipid/membrane protein patches directly from native membranes to form nanosize discoidal proteolipid particles, also referred to as native nanodiscs. In this work, we show that high-resolution solid-state NMR spectra can be obtained from an integral membrane protein in native nanodiscs, as exemplified by the 2×34 kDa bacterial cation diffusion facilitator CzcD.
Video Spectroscopy of Vacuum Arcs During Transition Between Different High-Current Anode Modes

This paper presents spectroscopic results of high-current anode phenomena in a vacuum arc discharge between CuCr electrodes. AC (alternative current) 50-Hz and 10-ms pulsed dc (direct current) are applied as interrupting current. Time and space resolved optical emission spectroscopy (video spectroscopy) is used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution of different atomic and ionic copper lines. During the transition from low-current mode to different high-current modes, including footpoint, anode spot, and intense arc mode, the intensity of Cu I, Cu II, and Cu III line radiation is examined near the anode, the cathode, and in the interelectrode gap. The results show that during the formation of anode spot and intense mode the intensity and the distribution of all lines change noticeably in the different spectral regions. In fact, higher ionization states represent the arc dynamics behavior during transition to high-current anode modes. Significant differences have been found, for example, in the spatial structure of Cu II and Cu III lines in the anode spot mode. The results for Cu I lines indicate an active role of atoms together with the ions in different charge states in high-current anode modes. The impact of threshold current and transferred charge of the formation of high-current anode modes in case of ac and pulsed dc is also investigated regarding the intensity of copper lines near the anode.
Clinical implications of Schwann cell biology

The neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are derived from the neural crest and are a diverse family of cells. They consist of myelinating Schwann cells, non‐myelinating Schwann cells, satellite cells, and perisynaptic Schwann cells. Due to their prominent role in the formation of myelin, myelinating Schwann cells are the best recognised of these cells. However, Schwann cells and the other neuroglia of the PNS have many functions that are independent of myelination and contribute significantly to the functioning of the peripheral nerve in both health and disease. Here we discuss the contribution of PNS neuroglial cells to clinical deficit in neurodegenerative disease, peripheral neuropathy, and pain.
Vehicle Ownership and Economic Development

The purpose of this study is to develop a model to predict the number of vehicles owned in consideration of recent circumstances of emerging countries. In the previous studies, prediction models have been developed from different viewpoints such as energy issue. However, recent growth of the number of vehicles owned in the emerging countries has been more rapid than the predictions. On the other hand, big city in those emerging countries introduced the traffic restriction to prevent aerial pollution from the latter half of 2000s. In this paper, an attempt is made to develop a prediction model based on GDP, income gap and historical transition. Using statistical data of 47 countries from 1952 to 2014, the applicability of the proposed model is verified.
Optical dielectric function of silver

Using broadband spectroscopic ellipsometry, the authors determine the complex valued dielectric function of silver films from 0.05 eV (\ensuremath{\lambda}=25 \ensuremath{\mu}) to 4.14 eV (\ensuremath{\lambda} = 300 nm) with a statistical uncertainty of less than 1%. While several previous similar measurements exist, they span considerably shorter energy ranges and report partially inconsistent results. In view of the wide-ranging applications of silver in nanophotonics, plasmonics and optical metamaterials, we anticipate this paper to become a standard reference for many scientists and engineers.
The Effect of Information Satisfaction and Relational Benefit on Consumers' Online Shopping Site Commitments

Among the potential determinants of consumersâ€™ commitments to online shopping site are information features of the Web site, because online shopping consumers have to base their judgment solely on the product or service information presented on the site. When consumers are satisfied with such information features and perceive clear benefits from their relationships with the site, we can expect them to be more committed to the site. In this study, we investigate the relationship between such determinants and consumersâ€™ commitments to an online shopping site. Results of the online survey with 1,278 Korean customers of online bookstores and ticketing services indicate that information satisfaction and relational benefit are highly predictable of consumersâ€™ commitments to an online shopping site. In addition, we found that information satisfaction is affected most by product information quality, while relational benefit is strongly related to service information quality. These results seem to reflect the consumersâ€™ different perceptual weights to different information contents of the Web sites in forming their Web site perceptions.
A comparison of outcomes between concurrent chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy alone in cancer of the uterine cervix: a single institutional experience.

PURPOSE To compare failure patterns and evaluate prognostic factors related to survival rates after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or radiotherapy (RT) alone in cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 1996 to December 2006, 218 patients with cervical cancer (FIGO Stage IB2 - III) treated with CCRT or RT alone as primary treatments were included, retrospectively. One-hundred eight patients were treated with CCRT and 110 with RT alone. RESULTS There was no significant difference in failure patterns between the treatment groups, but distant metastasis was the predominant pattern in both groups. The frequent metastatic sites were supraclavicular lymph node, lung, and brain. Treatment group, diabetes, and FIGO Stage were found to be significant for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), and initial hemoglobin level for DFS. CONCLUSION Distant metastasis is the predominant failure pattern and diabetes is one of the independent prognostic factors to survival rates in this study.
Is There An Eating Disorder in the Obese?

Because so much effort has been expended on answering this question in the past, any conference on eating disorders would be incomplete without a discussion of eating behavior in the obese. The question addressed in the title immediately requires some clarification. First, much of the controversy surrounding this question may turn on the criteria for obesity. The literature on the problem frequently lumps all obese together and therefore individuals classified as “obese” could range from as little as 20% overweight to those who are morbidly obese. Tables of obesity and overweight are based on both actuarial standards for desirable weights in relation to longevity and on extremes of distributions of indices of body fatness. ’ We shall not draw fine distinctions among the various overweight groups used in the studies cited below, but it is important to note that future work should pay closer attention to the magnitude of overweight and distributions of body fat within the individual than has been paid in the past. Second, an eating disorder will be a variable of eating behavior that is observed to lie outside the “normal” range of such variables among individuals who are not overweight or obese. Once again the criterion for “normal controls” has been variable. In work reported below from our laboratory we have chosen as controls subjects whose desirable weight for height ranges between 5 and + 15% of the values suggested in the Fogarty conference of 1973. * Third, it must be recognized that eating behavior in both obese and nonobese people has been studied in a variety of situations with a variety of methods. Consequently, the answer to the question rests on the logical assumption that any positive demonstration of a difference between obese and nonobese persons constitutes an affirmative answer to the question, and that negative results can be regarded as examples of conditions that were inadequate for such a demonstration. Nevertheless, it is instructive to review both the positive and negative evidence, because an extraction of the essential conditions for appearance of a critical difference will help us to identify the appropriate behavioral “cofactors. ”