Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Analog Regime and Stage of Oocyte Maturity for Induced Ovulation of Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

This study addresses rapid methods to identify mature channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, females for induced spawning with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) and common carp pituitary extract (CPE) and the effects of stage of maturity, hormone dose, season, and cannulation before hormone injection. Hormonal intervention is the most effective method for inducing maturation and spawning in channel catfish × blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, hybrids. A total of 80 mature channel catfish were staged for maturity based on secondary sexual characteristics and 20–30 oocytes cannulated to ascertain their maturation stage based on the position of gonadal vesicle. Twenty females were randomly assigned to one of the four hormone regimes (priming + resolving dose): CPE 2 + 8 mg/kg (CPEC); LHRHa 20 + 40 µg/kg (LHRHaL); LHRHa 20 + 60 µg/kg (LHRHaM); and LHRHa 20 + 80 µg/kg (LHRHaH) and a fifth treatment consisted of 20 females selected based on apparent maturity as evidenced by external appearance were injected with CPE, 2 + 8 mg/kg without cannulation (CPEO). Two trials were conducted in early part of the spawning season and two trials in peak season. External methods to identify maturity correlated (r = 0.63) with that of “germinal vesicle position” method to identify the stage of maturity in females. Mean percent of females that ovulated, hatched, and fry produced per kg body weight did not differ (P > 0.05) among the five hormone treatments. The mean percent females that ovulated was higher (P 0.05) with that of non-cannulated catfish. The mean egg quality of hormone-induced females and percent of females ovulated in response to hormone treatment established a weak but significant linear relationship (Y = 3.85 + 0.008 × ovulation, r2 = 0.39, P < 0.05).
Obesity and the time of appearance of spontaneous mammary carcinoma in C3H mice.

Summary 1.Virgin C3H female mice made obese experimentally with toxic doses of gold thioglucose show an earlier appearance of spontaneous mammary carcinomas than do control mice of normal weights. 2.The average time of appearance of spontaneous tumors in the obese mice was 246 days, compared to 303 days in the nonobese mice. 3.Animals injected with gold which did not become obese showed the same time of appearance of tumors as did the untreated mice.
Partial Migration of Fishes as Exemplified by the Estuarine-Dependent White Perch

Abstract Partial migration defines the phenomenon of coexisting groups exhibiting migratory and resident behavior within the same population. In avian ecology, partial migration is a fundamental behavior that underlies the evolution of migration in general. Among fish taxa, the terminology and theory associated with partial migration has predominantly been used to describe salmon ecophenotypes, but the behavior is more widespread. Here, we ecophenotypes, but the behavior is more widespread. Here, we document partial migration for the estuarine-dependent white perch (Morone americana), in the Patuxent River estuary (Chesapeake Bay, Maryland), wherein a portion of the population resides in freshwater natal habitats and another portion migrates down-estuary into brackish water (salinities>3) habitats. Life-time migration histories were examined using otolith strontium:calcium profile analysis. Alternative life history tactics, initiated during the juvenile period in response to individual physiological condi.
Evidence for the involvement of the proximal copy of the MAGEA9 gene in Xq28-linked CNV67 specific to spermatogenic failure†

Abstract Spermatogenic failure characterized by impaired sperm production is a commonmultifactorial disease with molecular and cytogenetic causes for its extreme phenotype that include azoospermia and severe oliogzoospermia. Recently, a high-resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization analysis of the X chromosome and a subsequent cohort study revealed three X-linked microdeletions (CNV64, CNV67, and CNV69) that were associated with decreased sperm production in a mixed group that included Spanish and Italian males. To confirm their spermatogenic effect, we examined the hemizygous deletions and copy dosage of the MAGE family member A9 (MAGEA9) gene,which is a potential X-linked candidate for the CNV67-related spermatogenic phenotype, to investigate their associationwith spermatogenic failure in 1722 Hanmales from southwest China. The individuals in this group consisted of 884 patients with idiopathic azoospermia/oliogzoospermia and 838 controls with normozoospermia. Our results showed that both CNV64 and CNV69 were more common in patients than in controls. Similar to that reported previously, the CNV67 was also identified as being specific to spermatogenic failure in our population, although it was rare. More importantly, the paralog ratio tests and sequence family variant analyses provided evidence that the CNV67 might cause a partial deletion of the proximal copy of the MAGEA9 and suggests that CNV67-related spermatogenic failure may be attributed to the functional defect of the Cancer/ Testis gene. Our findings highlight the potential of the Xq-linked CNV67 to serve as a novel detection target in the etiological diagnosis of spermatogenic failure and male infertility, although its pathogenic mechanism remains to be elucidated. Summary Sentence Xq28-linked CNV67 may cause partial deletion of the proximal copy of the MAGEA9 gene, which provides a potential explanation for the specific effect of the microdeletion to spermatogenic failure.
Use of lipid-lowering agents, indication bias, and the risk of dementia in community-dwelling elderly people.

BACKGROUND Recent reports suggest a possibly protective effect for statins in patients with Alzheimer disease. This association could be due to indication bias, i.e., people who elect to take lipid-lowering agents (LLAs) may be healthier than those who do not, so that it may be these other health factors that explain their lower risk of dementia. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between the use of LLAs and dementia, adjusting for other markers of health, and to investigate factors associated with LLA use. DESIGN A cohort study of LLA use and a case-control study of dementia in relation to LLA use, in a secondary analysis of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. SETTING A nationally representative population-based survey of Canadians 65 years and older. PARTICIPANTS To examine features associated with statin use, we evaluated data on 2305 people for whom health information, drug use, and cognitive status were known. To examine the relationship between LLA use and dementia, we selected incident cases of dementia (n = 492, of whom 326 had Alzheimer disease) that occurred between the first and second waves of the study. Control subjects were 823 persons examined during the first and second phases of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging who had no cognitive impairment. RESULTS Use of LLAs was significantly (P<.001) more common in younger (65-79 years) than in older (> or = 80 years) people. It was not associated with other factors indicating a healthy lifestyle, but was associated with a history of smoking and hypertension. Use of statins and other LLAs reduced the risk of Alzheimer disease in subjects younger than 80 years, an effect that persisted after adjustment for sex, educational level, and self-rated health (odds ratio, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.88). There was no significant effect in subjects 80 years and older. CONCLUSIONS While the possibility of indication bias in the original observations cannot be excluded, it was not demonstrated in LLA use in this study. Lipid-lowering agent use was associated with a lower risk of dementia, and specifically of Alzheimer disease, in those younger than 80 years. Further research is warranted.
Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the ileum—a rare cause of intussusception

A case of ‘inflammatory fibroid polyp’ in the terminal ileum is described. It occurred in a 38-year-old female and was associated with an ileo-ileal intussusception presenting as an acute intestinal obstruction. The macroscopic and microscopic features of this rare lesion are illustrated. It would appear to be an entity which may have been confused in the past with the haemangiopericytoma.
Morphological Inflection Generation with Multi-space Variational Encoder-Decoders

This paper describes the CMU submission to shared task 1 of SIGMORPHON 2017. The system is based on the multi-space variational encoder-decoder (MSVED) method of Zhou and Neubig (2017), which employs both continuous and discrete latent variables for the variational encoder-decoder and is trained in a semi-supervised fashion. We discuss some language-speciﬁc errors and present result analysis.
Histological effects of oral administration of nutmeg on the kidneys of adult Wister rats

Aims: The effects of oral administration of nutmeg commonly used as spice in various dishes, as components of teas and soft drinks or mixed in milk and alcohol on the kidneys of adult Wistar rats were carefully studied. Material and Methods: Rats of both sexes (n = 24), with average weight of 220g were randomly assigned into two treatments (A & B) of (n=16) and Control (c) (n=8) groups. The rats in the treatment groups (A & B) received 0.1g (500mg/kg body weight) and 0.2g (1000mg/kg body weight) of nutmeg thoroughly mixed with the feeds respectively on a daily basis for forty-two days. The control group (c) received equal amount of feeds daily without nutmeg added for forty-two days. The growers’ mash feeds was obtained from Edo Feeds and Flour Mill Limited, Ewu, Edo state, Nigeria and the rats were given water liberally. The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on the forty-third day of the experiment. The kidneys were carefully dissected out and quickly fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde for routine histological study after hematoxylin and eosin method. Result: The histological findings in the treated sections of the kidneys showed distortion of the renal cortical structures, vacuolations appearing in the stroma and some degree of cellular necrosis, with degenerative and atrophic changes when compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that oral administration of nutmeg may have some deleterious effects on the kidneys of adult Wistar rats at higher doses and by extension may affect its excretory and other metabolic functions. It is recommended that caution should therefore be advocated in the intake of this product and further studies be carried out to examine these findings.
Study of Safety and Effectiveness of Traditional Surgery Along With Conservative Interventions in the Treatment of Varicose Veins

Background and Objectives: To assess the safety and effectiveness of traditional surgery with conservative interventions in the treatment of varicose veins. Methods a consecutive series of 31 patients (35 limbs) who came to surgical opd with a provisional diagnosis of primary varicose veins was taken up for traditional surgery (long saphenous vein stripping with or without,short saphenous vein stripping, along with surgery for incompetent perforators) with conservative interventions. Results: in our study men were affected more than women, none of the patients had any major post -operative complications, minor complications occurred in 37% of cases. After 2 year follow up none of them had any recurrences. Conclusions: traditional surgeryalong with conservative interventionsis still safe, effective and economical ,when done by or under surgeons experienced in varicose veins surgery. Further Postoperative conservative interventions might help in prevention of recurrences,
The CXCR3 Targeting Chemokine CXCL11 Has Potent Antitumor Activity In Vivo Involving Attraction of CD8+ T Lymphocytes But Not Inhibition of Angiogenesis

The IFN-γ-inducible and CXCR3-targeting human CXC chemokines CXCL9 (Mig) and CXCL10 (IP10) have potent antitumor activity through attraction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and inhibition of angiogenesis. The more recently identified CXCR3-targeting chemokine CXCL11 (I-TAC/IP9) proved to be a more potent chemokine than CXCL9 and CXCL10 in vitro, both in chemotaxis assays with CXCR3+ T lymphocytes and in calcium mobilization experiments. However, its antitumor activity in vivo has not been shown so far. To investigate this, mice were challenged with EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells, genetically modified to produce murine CXCL11. Tumor growth curves showed complete rejection of CXCL11-producing tumors but not of control tumors. Tumor infiltrate analysis by flow cytometry showed a clear correlation between rejection of CXCL11-producing tumors and an increase of tumor-infiltrating CD8+CXCR3+ as well as CD8+CXCR3- T lymphocytes. In vivo CD8 T-cell depletion completely abrogated the antitumor effect. No difference in angiogenesis between control and CXCL11-producing tumors was observed. In survivors, rechallenge experiments with wild-type tumor cells suggested development of protective antitumor immunity involving tumor-specific IFN-γ production by CD8+ T lymphocytes. These experiments show, for the first time, antitumor activity of CXCL11 in vivo, which warrants exploration for its potential role in anticancer immunotherapy.
Socioeconomic position indicators and periodontitis: examining the evidence.

Disparities in the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease are associated with socioeconomic factors, such as education and income, and have been recognized since the1960s. Epidemiologic reports have consistently shown that i) periodontal disease is inversely related to education and income after controlling for age and gender, and ii) differences in education and income explain mode if not all of the observed disparities in periodontal disease between blacks and whites. Although race/ethnicity has been the main focus of differences in periodontal diseases in the U.S., disparities in socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators (i.e., education, income, poverty-income ratio) have remained pervasive in the U.S. over the years. SEP indicators, as used in the epidemiologic literature, allocate assignment of socioeconomic measures as a proxy for one's place, position and power in society. Thus, understanding these disparities in periodontal health status may provide insight and context more generally into why racial/ethnic disparities persist. In this paper, we review recent prevalence estimates of periodontitis, according to SEP indicators, and critically assess the importance of SEP factors in periodontal epidemiolgy. The majority of the data available for review comes from the U.S. However, data from other countries is included where available. Specifically, we aim to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used SEP indicators in studying periodontal disease; summarize existing evidence on the association between SEP indicators and periodontitis; discuss the analytical issues associated with SEP indicators; and finally, discuss and present, future and alternative research directions on examining the association between SEP indicators and periodontitis.
Algorithms and Visualization for solutions of nonlinear Elliptic equations

In this paper, we compute and visualize solutions of several major types of semilinear elliptic boundary value problems with a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition in 2D. We present the mountain–pass algorithm (MPA), the scaling iterative algorithm (SIA), the monotone iteration and the direct iteration algorithms (MIA and DIA). Semilinear elliptic equations are well known to be rich in their multiplicity of solutions. Many such physically significant solutions are also known to lack stability and, thus, are elusive to capture numerically. We will compute and visualize the profiles of such multiple solutions, thereby exhibiting the geometrical effects of the domains on the multiplicity. Special emphasis is placed on SIA and MPA, by which multiple unstable solutions are computed. The domains include the disk, symmetric or nonsymmetric annuli, dumbbells, and dumbbells with cavities. The nonlinear partial differential equations include the Lane–Emden equation, Chandrasekhar's equation, Henon's equation, a singularly perturbed equation, and equations with sublinear growth. Relevant numerical data of solutions are listed as possible benchmarks for other researchers. Commentaries from the existing literature concerning solution behavior will be made, wherever appropriate. Some further theoretical properties of the solutions obtained from visualization will also be presented.
Promoter hypermethylation correlates with the Hsulf‐1 silencing in human breast and gastric cancer

The HSulf‐1 gene is an important factor that modulates the sulfation status of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in the extracellular matrix, resulting in disturbance of HSPG‐related signal transduction pathways. Recently, HSulf‐1 has been reported to be down‐regulated in several human cancers. In this study, we first cloned and characterized the 5′ promoter region of the HSulf‐1 gene (around 400 bp) that contained high basal promoter activity. We also found that this functional promoter region was hypermethylated in a number of human cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we found that hypermethylation in this promoter region correlated with the down‐regulation of the HSulf‐1 expression in human breast and gastric cancer cell lines and tissue samples. These results suggest that the promoter hypermethylation may be one of the mechanisms of the HSulf‐1 gene silencing in human breast and gastric cancers. Finally, we demonstrated that the HSulf‐1 promoter was more frequently (p < 0.05) methylated in cell‐free DNA extracted from serum samples of human breast and gastric cancer patients than that of healthy people (76.2%, 55.0% and 19.0%, respectively), indicating that detection of the HSulf‐1 promoter methylation in serum samples may have clinical implications in early detection and diagnosis of human breast and gastric cancers. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human leukocyte antigens and immunoglobulin allotypes in head and neck cancer patients with and without multiple primary tumors

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and immunoglobulin (Ig) allotypes were examined in 98 patients with single head and neck cancers, and in 51 patients with multiple primary tumors. Immunoglobulin allotype Km (1) was present in 4% of patients with multiple primary tumors versus 21% in patients with a single head and neck cancer. The frequency of HLA‐B8, HLA‐DR3, and HLA‐DQW2 in patients with multiple primary tumors and of HLA‐B8, and HLA‐B45 in patients with a single head and neck cancer increased significantly as compared with the control population. Those data suggest genetic influences—next to environmental factors—on the pathogenesis of multiple primary tumors in head and neck squamous cancer. It might be worthwhile to use HLA typing and Ig allotyping in the selection of patients in whom aggressive screening for second tumors is mandatory.
Parents’ Participation in Their Child’s Schooling

The present study set out to survey Finnish parents’ participation in their child’s schooling and related experiences. The subjects were a nationally representative group of academically and vocationally educated fathers and mothers (N = 391) who had a child on the fifth grade. A great majority of the parents reported that they attended the parent evenings and saw them in a positive light. Most parents helped their child in her/his schoolwork, though some of them were doubtful of their own competence for it. The choice of schools, which was considered mainly by urban parents and academically educated parents, seemed to introduce a new private element into parental participation without changing the existing communal forms of participation.
Systemic neutrophil priming by lipid mediators in post-shock mesenteric lymph exists across species.

BACKGROUND Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML) has been linked with neutrophil (PMN) priming, endothelial cell (EC) activation, and acute lung injury (ALI) in rodent models. We have previously identified the lipid fraction of PHSML as containing the causative agent(s). Due to the lesson learned from the rodent gut bacterial translocation experience, we sought to confirm this phenomenon using a large animal model; hypothesizing that lymph collected from the porcine gut following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) would cause PMN priming. METHODS Mesenteric lymph was collected from adult pigs before, during, and for 2 hours after non-lethal hemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure = 30 mm Hg x 45 minutes). Whole lymph and the extracted lipid fractions of the lymph were then added to isolated human and porcine PMNs and superoxide production was measured by cytochrome C reduction. RESULTS Hemorrhagic shock profoundly affected mesenteric lymph flow from baseline (pre-shock) flow rates of 75.63 +/- 8.86 mL/hr to 49.38 +/- 5.76 mL/hr during shock and increasing to 253.38 +/- 27.62 mL/hr after 2 hours of resuscitation. Human PMNs exposed to both whole lymph (PHSML) and its extracted lipids (PHSML Lipid) collected 2 hours after shock exhibited more than a two-fold increase in superoxide release upon activation compared with pre-shock samples: PHSML- 6.27 +/- 0.83 versus 2.56 +/- 0.60 nmolO2(-)/ 3.75 cells/mL/min, respectively (p = 0.007), PHSML Lipid- 4.93 +/- 0.34 versus 2.49 +/- 0.11 nmolO2(-)/ 3.75 cells/mL/min (p < 0.001). Similarly, porcine PMNs exhibited close to a two-fold activation when exposed to the lymph and lipid fraction: PHSML- 4.51 +/- 0.42 versus 1.06 +/- 0.28 nmolO2(-)/ 3.75 cells/mL/min (p = 0.008), PHSML Lipid-4.80 +/- 0.81 versus 1.55 +/- 0.23 nmolO2(-)/ 3.75 cells/mL/min (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Mesenteric lymphatics serve as the conduit for inflammatory mediators elaborated by the post-ischemic gut in both small and large animal models. Further, the causal agent(s) exist in the lipid fraction of the lymph and are active on both human and animal PMNs.
Aggregation of vascular risk factors and risk of incident Alzheimer disease

Background: The prevalence of Alzheimer disease (AD) is increasing in the elderly, and vascular risk factors may increase its risk. Objective: To explore the association of the aggregation of vascular risk factors with AD. Methods: The authors followed 1,138 individuals without dementia at baseline (mean age 76.2) for a mean of 5.5 years. The presence of vascular risk factors was related to incident possible and probable AD. Results: Four risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and current smoking) were associated with a higher risk of AD (p < 0.10) when analyzed individually. The risk of AD increased with the number of risk factors (diabetes + hypertension + heart disease + current smoking). The adjusted hazards ratio of probable AD for the presence of three or more risk factors was 3.4 (95% CI: 1.8, 6.3; p for trend < 0.0001) compared with no risk factors. Diabetes and current smoking were the strongest risk factors in isolation or in clusters, but hypertension and heart disease were also related to a higher risk of AD when clustered with diabetes, smoking, or each other. Conclusions: The risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) increased with the number of vascular risk factors. Diabetes and current smoking were the strongest risk factors, but clusters including hypertension and heart disease also increased the risk of AD. These associations are unlikely to be explained by misclassification of the outcome, given strong associations when only probable AD is considered.