Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of an exercise programme on physical function in patients discharged from hospital following critical illness: a randomised controlled trial (the REVIVE trial)

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of a 6-week exercise programme in patients discharged home following critical illness compared with standard care. Design Multicentre prospective phase II randomised controlled trial, with blinded outcome assessment after hospital discharge, following the 6-week intervention and at 6 months. Participants 60 patients (30 per group) aged ≥18 years, mechanically ventilated >96 hours, and not in other rehabilitation, that is, cardiac or pulmonary rehabilitation programmes. Participants in the intervention group completed an individually tailored (personalised) exercise programme. Outcome measures Primary outcome measure was SF-36 physical functioning following the intervention. Secondary outcomes included a range of performance-based and patient-reported measures. Results Improvements in the primary outcome did not differ significantly between groups (mean difference (95% CI) 3.0 (−2.2 to 8.2), p=0.26). The intervention group showed significant improvement compared with the control group (mean difference (95% CI)) in SF-36 role physical (6.6 (0.73 to 12.5), p=0.03); incremental shuttle walk test (83.1 m (8.3 to 157.9), p=0.03); functional limitations profile (−4.8 (−8.7 to −0.9), p=0.02); self-efficacy to exercise (2.2 (0.8 to 3.7), p=0.01) and readiness to exercise (1.3 (0.8 to 1.9), p<0.001). These improvements were not sustained at 6 months except readiness to exercise. Improvements in all other secondary outcome measures were not significant. Conclusions There was no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome measure of self-reported physical function following this 6-week exercise programme. Secondary outcome results will help inform future studies. Trial registration number NCT01463579. (results), https://clinicaltrials.gov/
Organisational change and capability reconfiguration in information technology innovation

This paper examines the dynamics of change resulting from organisations' attempts to modernise by implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software, a highly complex and integrative software system. Change is an observable difference in an organisation's mode of operation and manner of shaping its environment. Some organisations treat innovations in Information Technology (IT) as a continuous incremental effort to adapt to change while other organisations embark in revolutionary change as a result of implementing IT. This study compares the differences in change mechanisms and their relationship to the performance of the new technology. Faced with the challenge of adapting to technological advances, capabilities within the organisation must be reconfigured for the organisation to realise desired competitive advantages.
New insight into tantalum pentoxide Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitors: Leakage current modeling, self-heating, reliability assessment and industrial applications

In this study, conduction asymmetry is analyzed using asymmetric stacks in order to appreciate the cathode role. Then original test structures are used to highlight fringe leakage and to model asymmetry in a pure Ta2O5 capacitor for both surface and peripheral currents. Finally, the impact of peripheral on self-heating and consequently on reliability parameters is deeply investigated. Important information are then provided regarding intrinsic MIM characteristics, process optimization, reliability methodology and design rules.
Investigating the Impact of IT Ambidexterity on Digital Innovation Capability

Digital innovation is characterized by generativity, in which digital technologies act upon other technologies, products, services, or processes to generate innovations. Because of generativity, digital innovation should be understood as involving multiple events that could be associated with changes in the process and outcome of IS and business activities. Drawing upon Swanson’s (1994) tri -core model of IS innovation, this study argues that digital innovation could entail innovative IS activities in the functional IS, business administration, and business technology areas. Since these areas rely differently upon innovative digital technologies, this study suggests that organizations should pursue IT exploitation and IT exploration simultaneously in order to improve digital innovation capability.
Sumatriptan: Economic Evidence for Its Use in the Treatment of Migraine, the Canadian Comparative Economic Analysis

The objective of this study was to evaluate economic and health effects of sumatriptan relative to customary therapy in Canada. The relationship between treatment and functionality was established based on analysis of existing data from a multinational study. A Monte Carlo model was developed to simulate 1 year for each of customary therapy and six sumatriptan formulations. Costs are expressed in 1998 Canadian dollars. Sumatriptan is expected to reduce the time spent with migraine symptoms and resulting time lost. Under customary therapy, the annual cost of lost time is estimated at £908 ($1973). With sumatriptan, these costs ranged from £406 ($882) with subcutaneous sumatriptan to £577 ($1254) with nasal sumatriptan 10 mg, saving £331–502 ($719–1091) in the annual cost of time lost. All these benefits are expected to be obtained at an additional drug cost ranging from £869 ($1889) for subcutaneous sumatriptan to £278 ($605) for sumatriptan suppository. The cost of sumatriptan treatment is significantly offset by a substantial reduction of costs associated with time lost due to migraine symptoms.
Geographic and Temporal Trends of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects Screening for Two Clinical Trials in North America and Western Europe

Abstract Purpose: To determine the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-1-infected subjects who were screened for two clinical trials by geographic region and time. Methods: Studies M03-613 and M05-730 screened ARV-naïve subjects in 2004 and 2005–2006, respectively. Screening drug resistance genotype assays were performed using population sequencing, and prevalence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) was assessed at 39 amino acid positions in HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) and compared between geographic regions and calendar years. Results: In 913 subjects, the prevalence of DRMs was higher in North America than in Western Europe, including any DRM (13.6% vs. 6.8%, p < .001), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) DRMs (7.3% vs. 3.2%, p = .006), protease inhibitor (PI) DRMs (3.6% vs. 0.8%, p = .004), and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) DRMs (6.1% vs. 3.8%, p = ns). The prevalence of TDR to NNRTIs was higher compared to PIs within each region (p = .031 for North America, and p = .011 for Western Europe). Logistic regression analysis suggested a higher prevalence of DRMs in 2005–2006 compared to 2004 for NNRTIs (p = .03) and, to a lesser extent, for PIs (p = .07). Conclusion: TDR to NNRTIs was more frequent than to PIs in both geographic regions, increased over time, and was highest in North America.
Genomic Epidemiology of Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Pneumococci with Nonvaccine Serotypes Causing Invasive Disease in the United States

ABSTRACT Conjugate vaccination against seven pneumococcal serotypes (PCV7) reduced disease prevalence due to antibiotic-resistant strains throughout the 2000s. However, diseases caused by resistant nonvaccine type (NVT) strains increased. Some of these emerging strains were derived from vaccine types (VT) that had changed their capsule by recombination. The introduction of a vaccine targeting 13 serotypes (PCV13) in 2010 has led to concern that this scenario will repeat itself. We generated high-quality draft genomes from 265 isolates of NVT pneumococci not susceptible to penicillin (PNSP) in 2009 and compared them with the genomes of 581 isolates from 2012 to 2013 collected by the Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Of the seven sequence clusters (SCs) identified, three SCs fell into a single lineage associated with serogroup 23, which had an origin in 1908 as dated by coalescent analysis and included isolates with a divergent 23B capsule locus. Three other SCs represented relatively deep-branching lineages associated with serotypes 35B, 15A, and 15BC. In all cases, the resistant clones originated prior to 2010, indicating that PNSP are at present dominated by descendants of NVT clones present before vaccination. With one exception (15BC/ST3280), these SCs were related to clones identified by the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network (PMEN). We conclude that postvaccine diversity in NVT PNSP between 2009 and 2013 was driven mainly by the persistence of preexisting strains rather than through de novo adaptation, with few cases of serotype switching. Future surveillance is essential for documenting the long-term dynamics and resistance of NVT PNSP.
Characterising the expression and function of CCL28 and its corresponding receptor, CCR10, in RA pathogenesis

Objective This study was conducted to determine the expression pattern, regulation and function of CCL28 and CCR10 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Methods Expression of CCL28 and CCR10 was assessed in RA compared with other arthritis synovial tissues (STs) or fluids (SFs) by histology or ELISA. The factors modulating CCL28 and CCR10 expression were identified in RA myeloid and endothelial cells by ELISA, FACS and Western blotting. The mechanism by which CCL28 ligation promotes RA angiogenesis was examined in control and CCR10-knockdown endothelial cell chemotaxis and capillary formation. Results CCL28 and/or CCR10 expression levels were accentuated in STs and SFs of patients with joint disease compared with normal controls and they were predominately coexpressed in RA myeloid and endothelial cells. We show that protein expression of CCL28 and CCR10 was modulated by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and toll-like receptor 4 ligation in RA monocytes and endothelial cells and by interleukin (IL)-6 stimulation in RA macrophages. Neutralisation of CCL28 in RA SF or blockade of CCR10 on human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) significantly reduced SF-induced endothelial migration and capillary formation, demonstrating that ligation of joint CCL28 to endothelial CCR10+ cells is involved in RA angiogenesis. We discovered that angiogenesis driven by ligation of CCL28 to CCR10 is linked to the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) cascade, as CCR10-knockdown cells exhibit dysfunctional CCL28-induced ERK signalling, chemotaxis and capillary formation. Conclusions The overexpression of CCL28 and CCR10 in RA ST and their contribution to EPC migration into RA joints support the CCL28/CCR10 cascade as a potential therapeutic target for RA.
The effects of fear conditioning on cerebellar LTP and LTD

Long‐term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) at parallel fibre–Purkinje cell synapses have been described in vitro in the cerebellar cortex, but the physiological roles of these two forms of plasticity have not been well defined. Here we show that, in cerebellar slices taken from rats that had undergone fear conditioning, there was a significant occlusion of electrically induced LTP at parallel fibre–Purkinje cell synapses. This effect was long‐lasting and related to associative processes, as LTP was not occluded in unpaired animals. Notably, in conditioned animals the LTP‐inducing protocol produced LTD in some cells instead of LTP. Conversely, synaptic depression induced by conjunctive stimulation of parallel fibers and climbing fibres was impaired in tissue taken immediately following aversive stimulation in both paired and unpaired subjects. This effect was not, however, long‐lasting as the incidence and extent of LTD returned to normal levels 24 h after behavioural testing. These findings suggest that LTP takes part in the mechanisms underlying aversive associative memories in the cerebellum.
SUN Regulates Vegetative and Reproductive Organ Shape by Changing Cell Division Patterns1[C][W][OA]

One of the major genes controlling the elongated fruit shape of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is SUN. In this study, we explored the roles of SUN in vegetative and reproductive development using near isogenic lines (NILs) that differ at the sun locus, and SUN overexpressors in both the wild species LA1589 (Solanum pimpinellifolium) and the cultivar Sun1642 background. Our results demonstrate that SUN controls tomato shape through redistribution of mass that is mediated by increased cell division in the longitudinal and decreased cell division in the transverse direction of the fruit. The expression of SUN is positively correlated with slender phenotypes in cotyledon, leaflet, and floral organs, an elongated ovary, and negatively correlated with seed weight. Overexpression of SUN leads to more extreme phenotypes than those shown in the NILs and include thinner leaf rachises and stems, twisted leaf rachises, increased serrations of the leaflets, and dramatically increased elongation at the proximal end of the ovary and fruit. In situ hybridizations of the NILs showed that SUN is expressed throughout the ovary and young fruit, particularly in the vascular tissues and placenta surface, and in the ovules and developing seed. The phenotypic effects resulting from high expression of SUN suggest that the gene is involved in several plant developmental processes.
Increased apoptosis of periprostatic adipose tissue in VDR null mice

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the steroid/retinoid receptor superfamily of nuclear receptors that controls mineral ion homeostatis and has potential tumor‐suppressive functions for various cancer types, specifically prostate cancer. A VDR ablated transgenic animal model (VDDRII, vitamin D‐dependent rickets type II) has been developed and the animals typically have various diseases including, hypocalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, rickets, osteomalacia, and alopecia. This transgenic mouse system provides us with a model to decipher the influences of the VDR on prostatic growth and function. VDRs are abundant both in prostatic epithelial and stromal cells, and vitamin D signaling can be studied in this model. Although, there were no gross differences between the prostate tissue of the experimental and control groups, VDR null mice showed fat necrosis and individual cell apoptosis in the periprostatic adipose tissue. This indicates a possible role of VDR in the signaling pathways resulting the prostate. This may be particularly attractive for VDR targets for the inhibition of cancer progression using VD3 and its analogs as potential chemo‐preventive agents. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contemporary aspects of discrete peak-detection algorithms. II. The paradigm of the luteinizing hormone pulse signal in women.

I. Introduction ALONG-STANDING axiom in endocrine physiology is that normal reproductive function requires a highly coordinated interplay of events both within and among the components of the gonadal axis. Central to this axis are the gonadotropes, pituitary cells that synthesize and release the gonadotropins, LH and FSH. Of pivotal importance is the recognition that these trophic hormones, which are responsible for stimulating both the production of gonadal hormones and gametogenesis, are themselves secreted in a pulsatile fashion. Such pulsatile gonadotropin release reflects the integration of signals of both neural and gonadal origin that impinge upon the gonadotropes (Fig. 1). Indeed, the frequency with which the gonadotropins are released is believed in general to reflect the frequency with which quanta of GnRH are discharged by the hypothalamus, transported through the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal circulation, and interact with appropriate receptors on responsive gonadotropes (1–6). The synthesis.
Business process re-engineering in the public sector: A study of staff perceptions and critical success factors

Investigates the perceptions of staff in regard to critical success factors (CSFs) for successful BPR implementation in the public sector. The research methodology involved semi‐structured interviews and staff surveys within a large public sector organisation. The results of the study show that many of the key CSFs identified for BPR in the private sector are equally relevant to the success of BPR in the public domain. The factors deemed most important for successful BPR in the public sector included items such as: top management support, commitment and understanding of BPR; communication; empowerment; and alleviation of downsizing fears. Also identifies a number of unique characteristics of public sector organisations which have a bearing on the application of BPR. These include: the existence of many intricate overlapping processes with multiple stakeholders; the existence of a professional workforce; and the existence of defined internal organisational boundaries.
Manifestations of Hyperprolactinoma and its Management by Bromocriptine and Cabergoline@@@أعراض ارتفاع هرمون الحليب وعلاجه

This is a prospective study analyzing gender differences in the presentation of hyperprolactinemia as well as the efficacy and tolerance to cabergoline and bromocriptine. Thirty-six patients (23 women, 13 men) were recruited and divided into two groups; Group One received bromocriptine and Group Two received cabergoline for three months. The prolactin level was measured before and after treatment in both groups. Galactorrhea and infertility were more common symptoms in women; however, 100% of men with micro or macroprolactinoma had libido disturbances. The prolactin level was higher in men than in women whether they exhibited macro (7640 ± 80 vs. 6230 ± 71ng/mL) or microprolactinomas (6167 ± 895 vs. 5998 ± 775 ng/mL). The prolactin level was significantly higher in women with non-tumor hyperprolactinemia (3390 ± 164 vs. 1279 ± 53, p = 0.038). The mean serum prolactin level was significantly decreased in both groups whether they received bromocriptine or cabergoline (5790 ± 370 vs. 2725 ± 124 ng/mL; p = 0.001). The prolactin reduction was more prominent in the cabergoline group whether in men or women, than in the bromocriptine group at the end of the three months of treatment (5791 ± 723 vs. 1725 ± 318 ng/mL; p = 0.001).
Coping as a Mediator and Moderator Between Intimate Partner Violence and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression

This study examines the role of coping as both a moderator and a mediator of the association between intimate partner violence and women's mental health. A sample of 298 women who had suffered physical aggression completed measures of physical and psychological abuse, coping responses, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Tests of moderation consistently indicated that coping responses did not moderate the impact of intimate partner violence on symptoms of anxiety and depression, whereas tests of mediation demonstrated that disengagement coping mediated the impact of psychological abuse on distress. Thus, findings support the hypothesis that coping responses are influenced by violence itself and underline the dysfunctional nature of disengagement coping among victims.
Study of factors that may predispose domestic cats to road traffic accidents: part 1

Between March 2000 and February 2001, six veterinary practices in Cambridgeshire collected data on 117 owned cats which they had examined after a road accident. For one week every month during the same year, the practices distributed questionnaires to the owners of cats which had been examined for reasons other than a road accident, and the data from these cats were checked to ensure that they were representative of the practice records, which were compared with a survey of the owned cat population for age and sex. From this population, the cats that were allowed outdoors and had never been in a road accident were chosen as controls, and compared with the cats that had been in a road accident for age, sex, pedigree status and coat colour. The cats that had been in a road accident differed from the control population with respect to age, sex and pedigree status; for every one-year increase in age, the odds of a road accident decreased by 16 per cent; the odds for males (entire and neutered) being in a road accident were 1.9 times the odds for females (entire and neutered), and the odds for pedigree cats were 0.29 those for non-pedigree cats.
The significance of trisomy 8 in de novo acute myeloid leukaemia: the accompanying chromosome aberrations determine the prognosis

Trisomy 8 is the most frequent numerical chromosome aberration in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It occurs either as the sole anomaly or together with other clonal chromosome aberrations. We investigated whether accompanying chromosome anomalies influence the clinical outcome in patients with trisomy 8 and de novo AML. Since 1986, in 713 AML cases treated according to the protocols of the German AMLCG trials, chromosome analyses have been successfully performed. The overall incidence of trisomy 8 was 7.6%. Complete clinical follow‐up data were available for 51 patients who were divided into three different categories: group 1: trisomy 8 as the sole cytogenetic anomaly (n = 20); group 2: trisomy 8 in addition to favourable chromosome aberrations (t(8;21)(q22;q22), t(15;17)(q22;q21), inv(16)(p13q22)) (n = 10); and group 3: trisomy 8 accompanied by other anomalies, in most cases of complex type (n = 21). Complete remission (CR) rates were 70%, 90% and 67% for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Event‐free survival (EFS) at 3 years differed significantly between patients with trisomy 8 only (37.5%), patients with trisomy 8 in combination with favourable aberrations (55.0%) and patients with trisomy 8 and other accompanying anomalies, mostly complex chromosome aberrations (9.0%) (group 1 v group 2: P = 0.12; group 1 v group 3: P = 0.005; group 2 v group 3: P = 0.05). In this study patients with +8 as the sole cytogenetic anomaly had an intermediate prognosis, patients with +8 in addition to favourable chromosome aberrations maintained a good clinical outcome, and patients with +8 in combination with other abnormalities showed the worst prognosis.
Ability of an avirulent mutant of Vibrio cholerae to colonize in the infant mouse upper bowel

Vibrio cholerae strain 3083 (biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa) and Texas Star-SR (SR), a mutant derived from 3083 that produces the B (binding) but not the A (toxic) subunit of choleragen, were compared in their abilities to: (i) associate with the infant mouse upper bowel; (ii) survive and multiple there; and (iii) induce diarrhea. Vibrios labeled with 35SO4 were used to determine association with the upper bowel and ability to multiply. The parental strain associated significantly better than SR, although viable mutant cells were found in the infant mouse intestine 16 to 18 h after challenge. Addition of exogenous toxin enhanced the rate at which labeled SR (but not 3083) was cleared, further suggesting that SR associates less well with the upper bowel. Both SR and 3083 multiplied in the upper bowel but, due perhaps to slight net killing during the first 3 h and its more rapid rate of clearance, SR achieved a population size only 10% that of 3083 by 8 h postchallenge. Strain 3083 elicited diarrhea in infant mice but SR did not, even after 10 successive passages through the infant mouse intestine. Strain SR was slightly temperature sensitive at 37 and 40 degrees C. Its potential use as a live vaccine is discussed.