Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of PAF-induced platelet aggregation by WEB 2086 'in-vitro', an antagonist to the receptor for platelet-activating factor, in bovine.

The sensitivity of bovine platelet aggregation in response to PAF stimulation and the ability of WEB 2086 (a thieno-triazolodiazepine) to inhibit response to PAF-induced platelet aggregation were investigated in the blood from five healthy male Belgian Blue calves. The recorded response to PAF showed a plateau which was dependent on the PAF concentration. Platelet aggregation induced by PAF consists of two mechanisms: reversible and irreversible aggregations which are accompanied by the release of platelet granule contents. Reversible aggregation occurred above (2 . 10(-9) mol/l) PAF, and irreversible aggregation occurred above (2 . 10(-7) mol/l) PAF. Addition of WEB 2086 to bovine platelets in vitro induced a rightward shift in the dose-response curve to PAF. WEB 2086 inhibited PAF-induced aggregation in a competitive reversible manner (pA2 = 7.61). The results of our study show that PAF induces platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and that addition of WEB 2086 to bovine platelets in vitro inhibits PAF-induced Platelet Aggregation.
Reuse of Explanted, Resterilized Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators

BACKGROUND Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) often have clinically useful battery life remaining when explanted because of upgrades, infection, or patient death. OBJECTIVE To show that explanted ICDs can be resterilized and reused. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Multicenter ICD acquisition and single-center ICD reimplantation. PATIENTS Indigent persons in India who had class I indications for cardiac resynchronization therapy with an ICD and were unable to afford such a device. MEASUREMENTS Device longevity after reimplantation, device-related complications, number of appropriate therapies, patient clinical characteristics, and deaths. RESULTS Eighty-one consecutive consenting patients (mean age, 52.6 years; 66 male patients) received 106 explanted devices. Twenty-two patients received a second device and 3 patients received a third device after the prior one reached replacement voltage. Mean time to ICD replacement was 1287.4 days. Follow-up data were available for 75 of 81 (92.6%) patients. Mean follow-up duration for all devices was 824.9 days. No infectious complications occurred; 1 lead dislodgement and 1 lead fracture required repeated surgery. Appropriate therapy (shocks or antitachycardia pacing) was delivered by 64 of 106 (60.4%) devices in 44 of 81 (54.3%) patients. Nine of 81 (11.1%) patients died; mean time from implantation to death was 771.3 days. LIMITATIONS This is a retrospective report of a single-center experience with a modest number of patients and devices. Follow-up data were missing for 6 patients. No records were kept of the number of devices obtained through postmortem versus antemortem explantation or whether explantation was due to infection or upgrade. Complete data were not available on exact battery voltage at the time of reimplantation, left ventricular ejection fraction, or number of inappropriate shocks. A control group was not possible. CONCLUSION Explanted ICDs with 3 or more years of estimated remaining battery life can be reused after they are cleaned and resterilized. These devices functioned normally and delivered life-saving therapies, without an increased risk for complications. These preliminary data deserve further validation and, if confirmed, could have important societal and economic implications. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE None.
Attitude of patients with HIV infection towards organ transplant between HIV patients. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey

This study examined the HIV patients’ attitudes towards the practice of organ transplant between HIV patients using a cross-sectional survey design. In total, 206 patients participated with a mean age of 42 (±8.8) years. The majority (70%) were black African and women (54%), and 83% described themselves as heterosexual. Most participants (n = 171, 83%) were on treatment, and 159 (93%) had viral load less than 40 copies/ml. Mean duration of illness and mean duration of treatment were 77 (±42.7) and 68 (±41) months, respectively. Of all participants, 128 (62%) reported that they would consider donating either any organ or a specific organ/s to an HIV patient, 33 (16%) would not consider it and 45 (22%) were unsure about donating their organs. Furthermore, 113 (55%) participants would consider receiving an organ from an HIV patient, 37 (18%) would not consider it, and 56 (27%) were unsure. Ninety-eight participants (42%) reported that they would consider both donating and receiving an organ. Multinomial logistic regression analysis found that significantly more Black African than Caucasian participants were unsure about organ donation (p = 0.011, OR = 3.887). Participants with longer duration of infection were significantly less likely to consider receiving an organ from an HIV patient (p = 0.036, OR = 1.297). Overall, the study findings indicated that the majority of participants were in favour of organ transplant between HIV patients. Use of HIV-infected donors could potentially reduce current organ waiting list among HIV patients.
Bacteriological survey of acute appendicitis in children

A bacteriological study of 110 emergency appendicectomies is reported. In two‐thirds of these the appendix was inflamed or gangrenous, and in 45 cases positive cultures were obtained from swabs taken at operation. Bacteroides were found frequently in these swabs and also in those taken from wound infections. Although this study is too small to draw any definite conclusions, it is felt that bacteroides should be considered an important pathogen in appendicitis and should be taken into account in the few ill patients where antibiotic treatment is contemplated. It was also noted that swabs taken from the surface of the appendix itself were more often positive than those from the peritoneal cavity, and this difference appears to be significant.
DO TAX STRUCTURES AFFECT INDONESIA ECONOMIC GROWTH?

This paper investigates how changes in the tax structure may affect Indonesia’s long-run economic growth. * The growth effects of the mix of income taxes and consumption taxes are examined using a set of panel growth regressions, which account for indicators of the tax structure, as well as both the accumulation of physical capital and human capital. The results suggest that income taxes may not exert a statistically significant impact on long-run growth, while consumption taxes may have a positive and statistically significant impact. These results, however, are not robust to changes in the regression’s specifications. Hence, although previous studies predict that the mix of direct and indirect taxes may be an important determinant of long-run growth, this paper provides evidence that, in practice, this mix is unlikely to have an impact on the long-run economic growth of Indonesia. It is therefore suggested that policy makers could instead focus their attentions on directing tax reform in Indonesia toward improving tax administration and the equity of the tax system.
Handheld Computer Use in a Family Medicine Clerkship

Purpose The objectives of this study were to track students’ use of medical and nonmedical personal digital assistant (PDA) software and to obtain students’ ratings of the usefulness of PDAs in a family medicine clerkship. Method During the academic year 2001–02, third-year clerkship students at the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine were loaned PDAs equipped with company-installed software, such as a date book and address book. Additional software was installed (Griffith's 5 Minute Clinical Consult®, ePocrates qRx®, ePocrates qID®, iSilo®, HanDBase®, MedCalc®, and Application Usage®). Pre- and postorientation questionnaires and a post-rotation evaluation measured students’ comfort level, the perceived usefulness, and ratings of programs on their PDA. Application Usage tracked the number of minutes and times students used each software program. Results Eighty-five students completed the study. They rated ePocrates qRx and Griffith's 5 Minute Clinical Consult the most useful medical software programs. PDAs were rated as “almost always” enhancing the clerkship experience. Students reported the PDA altered the way they accessed clinical information and that every few days it helped them understand a clinical discussion. Experience with computer technology was correlated with PDA use. Conclusions This study objectively demonstrates clerkship students’ use of PDA resources. Students’ use mirrors their assessment of the value of the software. Although PDAs and software programs can be an expense, it is a worthwhile educational resource as evaluated by the medical student.
Aspects of Mental Health in Adolescents and Female Prisoners in Present-Day Iran

Avhandlingen undersoker den mentala halsan hos dels a) ungdomar i Iran, dels b) dodsdomda kvinnliga fangar i Iran. Den mentala halsan bland ungdomarna jamfordes ytterligare med motsvarande data fran ungdomar i samma alder (13-15 ar) i Osterbotten, insamlade i samband . med den s.k. Ungdomsenkaten i Osterbotten. De iranska ungdomarna var till antalet 1001, de finska var 2205. Det visade sig att det forekom stora skillnader betraffande den mentala halsan i de bada landerna, framforallt betraffande konsskillnader. Det ar allmant kant att i vasterlanderna mar tonarsflickor betydligt samre an tonarspojkar. De far signifikant hogre poang pa t.ex. depression och angest; sa ar fallet ocksa Finland och i Osterbotten. I Iran visade det sig att sa inte var fallet. I Iran forekom ingen konsskillnad betraffande poang for depression och angest. Detta visar att den konsskillnad som anses ”normal” i vastvarlden i sjalva verket ar kulturbunden, och inte ett uttryck for en allmanmansklig utveckling. I Iran led ocksa pojkarna mer av skolburnout an flickorna, medan det i Finland ar helt tvartom. Undersokningen av den mentala halsan hos dodsdomda kvinnliga fangar i Iran ar den forsta i detta slag i hela varlden; ingen liknande har nagonsin gjorts. Det var fraga om sammanlagt 35 dodsdomda kvinnliga fangar, som i regel fatt sin dom pga. mord pa sina akta man. De jamfordes med en kontrollgrupp bestaende av 35 ”normala” kvinnor i samma alder, fran samma ort. Som forvantat led de i hogre grad av angest, depression och aggression. De hade ocksa mindre socialt stod. Det var ocksa vanligare hos dem med en familjehistoria omfattande missbruk och suicidalitet.
A metabolic model of the biological phosphorus removal process: II. Validation during start‐up conditions

A metabolic model of the biological phosphorus removal process has been developed and validated previously for complex conversions during the process under anaerobic and aerobic conditions at different growth rates in sequencing batch reactors in steady state. For additional validation of the metabolic model, the model was applied to the dynamic conditions which occur during the start‐up phase of the biological P removal in the presence and absence of non‐polyP heterotrophic microorganisms. In a laboratory scale sequencing batch reactor, experiments were performed to examine the enrichment of the population with polyphosphate organisms during the start‐up and the subsequent shift from non‐polyP, heterotrophic organisms to polyP organisms in the sludge. The effect of different influent loading patterns for acetate and phosphate was studied. In these experiments, the maximal growth rate of the polyP organisms and the behavior of the internal storage compounds could be derived. The metabolic model was capable of describing the experimental results, without the need to adjust the kinetic or stoichiometric parameters obtained under steady state conditions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Pada Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Manajemen Laba Sebagai Variabel Moderasi

The study aims to determine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure on firm value and to determine earnings management moderate the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure on firm value. Agency theory used in this research as the grand theory. The population in this study are companies listed in the Business Index 27 in 2014–2016, which are listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sample in this study was taken using purposive sampling technique. The analysis technique used in this study is moderated regression analysis technique. The results show that Corporate Social Responsibility has negative and significant effect on firm value. In addition earnings management has no significant effect on Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure on firm value. Theoretical implication shows that these results are in line with the signaling theory but contradictory with agency theory. On the other hand, practical implications of this research can be taken into consideration for potential investors and investors in making decisions by looking at CSR information which disclosed by the company. Keywords: CSR, earnings management, firm value
Sociopsychological Aspects of Butterfly Souvenir Purchasing Behavior at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in Indonesia

Utilizing butterflies in souvenirs escalates their exploitation, which occurs even with protected species. Visitors affect both tourism sustainability and butterfly populations. Thus, parks must establish visitor management practices to secure tourism, including butterfly-trading activities to provide social and economic benefits, while still maintaining butterfly populations and environmental sustainability. This research examined the relationships between visitors’ motivations, environmental attitudes (deontological status, legal compliance, and political activism), and preference regarding butterfly souvenirs. Data were collected using an on-site survey of 455 respondents at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in Indonesia and analyzed using factor analysis, correlation, and logistic regression. Results showed that visitors’ motivations were divided into four categories: challenge and freedom, nature appreciation, social relationships, and escape from routine. Visitors showed high deontological status, legal compliance, and political activist attitudes, valued the attributes of butterfly souvenirs highly, and strongly preferred souvenirs with authenticity value. Significant correlations existed among motivation, attitude, and preference for butterfly souvenir attributes. Logistic regression results revealed that with more frequent visits, better souvenir quality, and higher education levels, the possibility of visitors purchasing butterfly souvenirs increased. Prior knowledge regarding regulations prohibiting protected butterfly trading diminished this possibility. This study further discusses how visitors’ sociopsychological information can be used to minimize negative impacts caused by overtourism.
Circulating nitric oxide metabolites and cardiovascular changes in the turtle Trachemys scripta during normoxia, anoxia and reoxygenation

SUMMARY Turtles of the genus Trachemys show a remarkable ability to survive prolonged anoxia. This is achieved by a strong metabolic depression, redistribution of blood flow and high levels of antioxidant defence. To understand whether nitric oxide (NO), a major regulator of vasodilatation and oxygen consumption, may be involved in the adaptive response of Trachemys to anoxia, we measured NO metabolites (nitrite, S-nitroso, Fe-nitrosyl and N-nitroso compounds) in the plasma and red blood cells of venous and arterial blood of Trachemys scripta turtles during normoxia and after anoxia (3 h) and reoxygenation (30 min) at 21°C, while monitoring blood oxygen content and circulatory parameters. Anoxia caused complete blood oxygen depletion, decrease in heart rate and arterial pressure, and increase in venous pressure, which may enhance heart filling and improve cardiac contractility. Nitrite was present at high, micromolar levels in normoxic blood, as in some other anoxia-tolerant species, without significant arterial–venous differences. Normoxic levels of erythrocyte S-nitroso compounds were within the range found for other vertebrates, despite very high measured thiol content. Fe-nitrosyl and N-nitroso compounds were present at high micromolar levels under normoxia and increased further after anoxia and reoxygenation, suggesting NO generation from nitrite catalysed by deoxygenated haemoglobin, which in turtle had a higher nitrite reductase activity than in hypoxia-intolerant species. Taken together, these data indicate constitutively high circulating levels of NO metabolites and significant increases in blood NO after anoxia and reoxygenation that may contribute to the complex physiological response in the extreme anoxia tolerance of Trachemys turtles.
The impact of different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment regimens on reducing burden for caregivers and patients with wet age-related macular degeneration in a single-center real-world Japanese setting

Objective To describe the burden associated with different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment strategies for wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) in a real-word setting in Japan. Methods Single-center, cross-sectional survey of caregivers of patients with wAMD performed in a hospital in Mito-City, a rural area in Japan. Caregiver burden was evaluated using the Burden Index of Caregivers (BIC-11), and depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Retrospective medical chart review was conducted to monitor resource use and visual acuity outcomes in patients. The productivity loss of caregivers accompanying patients on hospital visits was estimated using the human capital method. Results Seventy-one patient-caregiver pairs were included. Most caregivers were female (74.6%), spouse/partner (54.9%), employed (46.5%), and the primary caregiver (85.9%). Patients received anti-VEGF treatment as follows: treat-and-extend (T&E; n = 42), switch (from as-needed [PRN] to T&E; n = 18), PRN (n = 10), and other (n = 1). Caregiver-related burden (total BIC-11 scores) were 4.29 (T&E) 4.60 (PRN), and 5.33 (switch) (p = NS). The mean number of hospital visits was lower with T&E than PRN (7.88 vs. 14.0 [p = 0.00674] in year 1 and 5.68 vs. 9.0 in year 2). For patients who switched from PRN to T&E, the mean number of hospital visits decreased from 13.21 to 7.43 (p<0.0001) in the first year after switch. The productivity loss associated with accompanying patients to the hospital was lower for caregivers of patients receiving T&E than PRN (mean differences: 74,456.04 JPY [p = 0.00284] in year 1 and 40843.14 JPY in year 2), and was also reduced for caregivers of patients who switched from PRN to T&E. Conclusion wAMD treatment with anti-VEGF agents via T&E reduced hospital visits compared with PRN, where associated monitoring visits are necessary to provide good patient outcomes. T&E was associated with a reduction trend in caregiver burden, including time and costs.
Falling threshold for treatment of borderline elevated thyrotropin levels-balancing benefits and risks: evidence from a large community-based study.

IMPORTANCE Rates of thyroid hormone prescribing in the United States and the United Kingdom have increased substantially. If some of the increase is due to lowering the thyrotropin threshold for treatment, this may result in less benefit and greater harm. OBJECTIVE To define trends in thyrotropin levels at the initiation of levothyroxine sodium therapy and the risk of developing a suppressed thyrotropin level following treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND EXPOSURE: Retrospective cohort study using data from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Among 52,298 individuals who received a prescription for levothyroxine between January 1, 2001, and October 30, 2009, we extracted data about the thyrotropin level before levothyroxine therapy initiation, clinical symptoms, and thyrotropin levels up to 5 years after levothyroxine was initiated. We excluded persons who had a history of hyperthyroidism, pituitary disease, or thyroid surgery; those who were taking thyroid-altering medication or if the levothyroxine prescription was related to pregnancy; and those who did not have a thyrotropin level measured within 3 months before the initiation of levothyroxine. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The median thyrotropin level at the time of the index levothyroxine prescription, the odds of initiation of levothyroxine therapy at thyrotropin levels of 10.0 mIU/L or less, and the age-stratified odds of developing a low or suppressed thyrotropin level after levothyroxine therapy. RESULTS Between 2001 and 2009, the median thyrotropin level at the initiation of levothyroxine therapy fell from 8.7 to 7.9 mIU/L. The odds ratio for prescribing levothyroxine at thyrotropin levels of 10.0 mIU/L or less in 2009 compared with 2001 (adjusted for changes in population demographics) was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.19-1.42; P < .001). Older individuals and individuals with cardiac risk factors had higher odds of initiation of levothyroxine therapy with a thyrotropin level 10.0 mIU/L or less. At 5 years after levothyroxine initiation, 5.8% of individuals had a thyrotropin level of <0.1 mIU/L. Individuals with depression or tiredness at baseline had increased odds of developing a suppressed thyrotropin level, whereas individuals with cardiac risk factors (eg, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and raised lipid levels) did not. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE We observed a trend toward levothyroxine treatment of more marginal degrees of hypothyroidism and a substantial risk of developing a suppressed thyrotropin level following therapy. Large-scale prospective studies are required to assess the risk-benefit ratio of current practice.
Identifying patients at risk for medication mismanagement: using cognitive screens to predict a patient's accuracy in filling a pillbox.

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between four cognitive screens (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE], Mini-Cog, Medication Transfer Screen [MTS], and Medi-Cog [Mini-Cog + MTS]) and pillbox concordance. DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional pilot study. SETTING Primary care federal health care system. PARTICIPANTS English literate inpatients not previously diagnosed or treated for dementia and without physical handicap preventing use of a pillbox. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Correlation between cognitive screens and prospective pill-count scores (PPCS). INTERVENTIONS Mini-Cog, MTS, and MMSE screening was followed by a 28-compartment pillbox skills assessment. A passing PPCS was defined as correctly loading 80% of the medications in the pillbox. A PPCS of <80% identified patients for pillbox-organization education or supportive intervention. Variables associated with total and passing PPCS were analyzed by multivariate linear and logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS Fifty-three patients discharged on >1 medication completed all screenings. Other than cognitive screening, only age was associated with total and passing PPCS. After adjustment for age, Medi-Cog had the highest correlation with total PPCS [r2=0.53; P<0.001), whereas Mini-Cog was the single cognitive assessment that remained significantly associated with a passing PPCS (r2=0.23; P=0.023). Age-adjusted models, including MMSE, had relatively poor association with total PPCS (r2=0.23; P=0.046) and no association with passing PPCS (r2=0.15; P=0.46). The Medi-Cog exhibited modest highest overall sensitivity (72%) and specificity (61%) to detect a passing PPCS. CONCLUSION MMSE is a relatively poor measure of the ability of patients to fill a pillbox. The Medi-Cog and Mini-Cog may have value for assessing pillbox concordance for patients who load their own pillboxes.