Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of Quiescent and Active Adult Stem Cells in Mammals

In the (Stem Cell) Zone Efforts to isolate and characterize various types of stem cells have revealed much about the molecular mechanisms of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, as well as the function of the microenvironment, or stem cell niche. Li and Clevers (p. 542) review what is known about stem cells in the hair follicle, bone marrow, and intestinal epithelium and suggest that two stem cell populations, one that is quiescent and one that is actively in the cell cycle, may coexist in these tissues in a so-called “zoned” stem cell model. Adult stem cells are crucial for physiological tissue renewal and regeneration after injury. Prevailing models assume the existence of a single quiescent population of stem cells residing in a specialized niche of a given tissue. Emerging evidence indicates that both quiescent (out of cell cycle and in a lower metabolic state) and active (in cell cycle and not able to retain DNA labels) stem cell subpopulations may coexist in several tissues, in separate yet adjoining locations. Here, we summarize these findings and propose that quiescent and active stem cell populations have separate but cooperative functional roles.
Sialomucin complex (rat Muc4) transmembrane subunit binds the differentiation marker peanut lectin in the normal rat mammary gland

Sialomucin complex (SMC, rat Muc4) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein composed of two subunits, the mucin component ASGP‐1 and the transmembrane subunit ASGP‐2. SMC/Muc4 is highly expressed on the surface of 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells at approximately 100 times the level found in the lactating mammary gland. Immunocytochemical staining of SMC/Muc4 in the developing rat mammary gland is localized to the apical membrane of the ductal epithelium. This staining pattern is similar to that for peanut lectin, a differentiation marker, which binds to cells expressing the disaccharide Thomsen–Friedenreich or TF antigen. Blotting of glycoproteins expressing the TF antigen from mammary tissues with peanut lectin detects a protein matching the migration of ASGP‐2. Analysis of immunoprecipitated SMC/Muc4 by peanut lectin blotting shows that the TF antigen is abundantly present on the ASGP‐2 subunit, hence the similarity of staining pattern with SMC/Muc4 antisera and peroxidase‐conjugated lectin in mammary tissues. The TF antigen is also present on ASGP‐2 of SMC/Muc4 produced by confluent cultures of Rama 37 rat mammary epithelial stem cells after their induction to an alveolar‐like phenotype with prolactin. These results indicate that the TF antigen is present on the ASGP‐2 transmembrane subunit of SMC/Muc4 from phenotypically normal tissues and cells, in contrast to malignant cells whose peanut lectin‐binding disaccharide is located on ASGP‐1. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Power Doppler Compared to Color‐Coded Duplex Sonography in the Assessment of the Basal Cerebral Circulation

Power–based transcranial duplex sonography (p–TDS) is a new promising ultrasound technique that generates intravascular coloc slgnols from the omplltode of the echo slgnol. The pcesentinvestigation was undertaken to determine the advantages and limitations of power Doppler in the assessment of the basal cerebral circulation compared with transcranial color–coded realtime sonography (TCCS) and contrast–enhanced transcranial color–coded real–time sonography (CE–TCCS). Thirty–eight patients without cerebrovascular diseases were examined with p–TDS and TCCS, and in 11 patients CE–TCCS studies were performed. The M1 segment could be identified in 100% by both ultrasound techniques. p–TDS visualized M2 (67/70 vs 46/70, p < 0.0001), A2 (63/70 vs 46/70, p < 0.001), and P2 (67/70 vs 44/70, p < 0.0001) segments significantly more frequently and accurately compared to TCCS. The posterior communicating artery (25170) and P3 segments (32/70) were only detectable by p–TDS and not by conventional TCCS. In comparison with CE–TCCS, p–TDS had no important advantages in the detection of intracranial vessels. In conclusion, p–TDS and CE–TCCS were superior to TCCS with regard to identification of the basal arterial circulation. Both methods permit noninvasive and reliable identification of the basal cerebral circulation.
Urokinase‐mediated posttranscriptional regulation of urokinase‐receptor expression in non small cell lung carcinoma

The urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its cellular receptor (uPAR) are involved in the proteolytic cascade required for tumor cell dissemination and metastasis, and are highly expressed in many human tumors. We have recently reported that uPA, independently of its enzymatic activity, is able to increase the expression of its own receptor in uPAR‐transfected kidney cells at a posttranscriptional level. In fact, uPA, upon binding uPAR, modulates the activity and/or the level of a mRNA‐stabilizing factor that binds the coding region of uPAR‐mRNA. We now investigate the relevance of uPA‐mediated posttranscriptional regulation of uPAR expression in non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), in which the up‐regulation of uPAR expression is a prognostic marker. We show that uPA is able to increase uPAR expression, both at protein and mRNA levels, in primary cell cultures obtained from tumor and adjacent normal lung tissues of patients affected by NSCLC, thus suggesting that the enzyme can exert its effect in lung cells. We investigated the relationship among the levels of uPA, uPAR and uPAR‐mRNA binding protein(s) in NSCLC. Lung tissue analysis of 35 NSCLC patients shows an increase of both uPA and uPAR in tumor tissues, as compared to adjacent normal tissues, in 27 patients (77%); 19 of these 27 patients also show a parallel increase of the level and/or binding activity of a cellular protein capable of binding the coding region of uPAR‐mRNA. Therefore, in tumor tissues, a strong correlation is observed among these 3 parameters, uPA, uPAR and the level and/or the activity of a uPAR‐mRNA binding protein. We then suggest that uPA regulates uPAR expression in NSCLC at a posttranscriptional level by increasing uPAR‐stability through a cellular factor that binds the coding region of uPAR‐mRNA. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fascioliasis: sonographic abnormalities of the biliary tract and evolution after treatment with triclabendazole

Summary Diagnosis of infection with the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica is usually difficult. Ultrasonography (US) might be a useful diagnostic alternative, and we assessed the value of sequential US in the diagnosis and monitoring of fascioliasis in 76 patients at baseline and for 60 days after treatment with triclabendazole. At baseline, biliary abnormalities were observed in 52 patients. Crescent‐shaped parasites were seen in 11 patients; in 2 cases parasites were spontaneously moving and in 4 patients parasites were motionless. Postprandial examination revealed parasites adhering to the gallbladder wall in a further 5 cases. In 3 further cases, gallbladder contents were mobile but did not sediment downwards after patients changed position. Non‐specific abnormalities were: impaired gallbladder contractility (n= 23), gallbladder tenderness (n= 19), debris (n= 6), calculi (n= 5), wall thickening (n= 2) and bile duct dilatation (n= 12). During day 1–7, Fasciola‐like crescents in the gallbladder or passing through the bile duct were detected in another 15 patients, impaired gallbladder contractility in 16, gallbladder tenderness in 16, and bile duct dilatation in an additional 28 patients. Thirty‐two patients with these US abnormalities experienced colic‐like abdominal pain accompanied by increased alkaline phosphatase in 25 cases. During day 30–60, abnormalities regressed completely in 45 patients; 2/6 triclabendazole failures were evident by detection of living parasites. Biliary tract abnormalities are frequently observed by US, but the detection‐rate of Fasciola hepatica is disappointingly low despite the parasite's relatively large size. US findings must therefore be interpreted together with other clinical measurements. The visualization of parasites being expelled through the dilated common bile duct allowed the causal interpretation of post‐therapeutic abdominal pain and increase of liver enzymes. When triclabendazole is given on suspicion, visualization of worm expulsion and bile duct dilatation by US may be used to confirm diagnosis.
Player-Compatible Equilibrium

Player-Compatible Equilibrium (PCE) imposes cross-player restrictions on the magnitudes of the players' "trembles" onto different strategies. These restrictions capture the idea that trembles correspond to deliberate experiments by agents who are unsure of the prevailing distribution of play. PCE selects intuitive equilibria in a number of examples where trembling-hand perfect equilibrium (Selten, 1975) and proper equilibrium (Myerson, 1978) have no bite. We show that rational learning and some near-optimal heuristics imply our compatibility restrictions in a steady-state setting.
An exact algorithm for the mixed-model level scheduling problem

The Monden Problem, also known as the Output Rate Variation Problem, is one of the original formulations for mixed-model assembly line-level scheduling problems in a just-in-time system. In this paper, we develop a new branch-and-bound procedure for the problem that uses several new and previously proposed lower and upper bounds. The algorithm also includes several dominance rules that leverage the symmetry in the problem as well as a new labelling procedure that avoids repeated exploration of previously examined partial solutions. The branching strategy exploits the capabilities of current multiprocessor computers by exploring the search tree in a parallel fashion. The algorithm has been tested on several sets of instances from the literature and is able to optimally solve problems that are double the size of those addressed by other procedures previously reported in the literature.
TILAS: A Simple Analysis Tool for Estimating Power Losses in an IGBT-Diode Pair under Hysteresis Control in Three-Phase Inverters

Several techniques for analyzing and estimating power losses in insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), diodes, MOSFETs, and other power electronics switching devices are known. Most of the approaches in the literature deal with periodic pulse width modulation (PWM) switching schemes. This paper presents a simple analysis tool to estimate these losses under aperiodic switching schemes, e.g. hysteresis. The tool aims to simplify such an analysis with two main measurements 4 the load current of a converter phase leg and the gate switching waveform of the upper IGBT of that phase. No model estimations, thermal analyses, or slow simulations are required. Consistency between results from the proposed tool and a commercially available tool designed by an IGBT manufacturer is shown. A periodic frequency is proposed to adapt available software used with periodic switching schemes to aperiodic switching schemes. Experimental tests from an inverter application are presented here.
Generation and properties of fastest transform matrices over GF(2)

Linearly Independent (LI) transforms in Galois Field (2) algebra that have fastest transform calculation have been investigated recently. It was found that there are some LI transforms having smaller computational cost than the Reed-Muller transform, which was previously known as the most efficient transform over GF(2). This paper discusses various properties of these fastest LI transforms as well as some experimental results for them using standard benchmark functions and their comparison with the generalized Reed-Muller transform.
Development and psychometric evaluation of a scale to measure impaired self-awareness of hyper- and hypokinetic movements in Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Objective: Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) can show impaired self-awareness of motor deficits (ISAm). We developed a new scale that measures ISAm severity of hyper- and hypokinetic movements in PD during medication on state and defined its psychometric criteria. Method: Included were 104 right-handed, non-depressed, non-demented patients. Concerning ISAm, 38 motor symptoms were assessed using seven tasks, which were performed and self-rated concerning presence of deficit (yes/no) by all patients. The whole procedure was videotaped. Motor symptoms were then evaluated by two independent experts, blinded for patient’s ratings, concerning presence, awareness of deficit, and severity. Exploratory principal component analysis (promax rotation) was applied to reduce items. Principal axis factoring was conducted to extract factors. Reliability was examined regarding internal consistency, split-half reliability, and interrater reliability. Validity was verified by applying two additional measures of ISAm. Results: Of the initial 38 symptoms, 15 remained, assessed in five motor tasks and merged to a total severity score. Factor analysis resulted in a four factor solution (dyskinesia, resting tremor right hand, resting tremor left hand, bradykinesia). For all subscales and the total score, measures of reliability (values 0.64–0.89) and validity (effect sizes>0.3) were satisfactory. Descriptive results showed that 66% of patients had signs of ISAm (median 2, range 0–15), with ISAm being most distinct for dyskinesia. Conclusions: We provide the first validation of a test for ISAm in PD. Using this instrument, future studies can further analyze the pathophysiology of ISAm, the psychosocial sequelae, therapeutic strategies and compliance with therapy. (JINS, 2015, 21, 1–10)
T Cell Hyporesponsiveness Induced by Oral Administration of Ovalbumin Is Associated with Impaired NFAT Nuclear Translocation and p27kip1 Degradation

Oral tolerance is an important physiological component of the immune system whereby the organism avoids dangerous reactions such as hypersensitivity to ingested food proteins and other luminal Ags which may cause tissue damage and inflammation. In addition, it has been shown in animal models and in humans that oral tolerance can be applied to controlling undesired immune responses, including autoimmune diseases, allergies, and organ transplant rejections. However, the molecular mechanisms of oral tolerance have been poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis underlying the hyporesponsiveness of orally tolerant CD4 T cells using a TCR transgenic mouse system in which oral tolerance was induced by long-term feeding with high dose Ag. We demonstrate that the hyporesponsive state of the CD4 T cells was maintained by a selective impairment in the TCR-induced calcium/NFAT signaling pathway and in the IL-2R-induced degradation of p27kip1 and cell cycle progression. Thus, physiological mucosal tolerance is revealed to be associated with a unique type of T cell hyporesponsiveness which differs from previously described anergic T cells.
Apoyo postnatal para madres de niños con síndrome de Down

Dar a luz o asistir a un parto, y recibir o dar el diagnostico postnatal de sindrome de Down no es una experiencia comoda, ni para los padres ni para la mayoria de los medicos. En este estudio, 467 madres de ninos con sindrome de Down en Espana completaron una encuesta sobre los servicios de apoyo postnatal que recibieron inmediatamente despues del diagnostico. Las madres dijeron sentirse ansiosas, asustadas, culpables, enfadadas, y en casos excepcionales, con ganas de suicidarse. Segun la mayoria de las madres, los medicos no aportaron informacion suficiente sobre el sindrome de Down, y rara vez les dieron material escrito o les aconsejaron relacionarse con grupos de apoyo organizados por padres. Poco parece haber cambiado desde 1972, y las madres ofrecen recomendaciones sobre como podria mejorarse el sistema medico espanol, con implicaciones para otros paises incluido Estados Unidos.
Treatment of the myeloproliferative disorders with 32P

Abstract: The use of radioactive phosphorus (32P) to treat the myeloproliferative disorders (chronic leukemia, polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia) began in 1939 when John H. Lawrence treated the first patient on the basis of work done in the laboratory anima that found localization of the radioisotope in the spleen, liver, bone and in leukemic cells sufficient to indicate a therapeutic potential. After World War II when 32P became widely available, it was used extensively to treat the chronic leukemias and polycythemia vera. Its use in the treatment of essential thrombocythemia began later in 1950. Today it is not widely used in the treatment of the chronic leukemia, if at all, its use in polycythemia vera appears to have decreased substantially and replaced by hydroxyurea, and its use in the management of essential thrombocythemia is not widespread. In each instance it has been replaced by a drug developed for use in cancer chemotherapy, and in some instances by interferon. It probably has wider use in polycythemia vera in the rest of Western Europe than in the UK, and there are cogent reasons to suggest that it may be the best tool for the treatment of polycythemia vera. Thus have we discarded a treatment modality that in polycythemia vera may be the best?
Omega fatty acids : a review of current knowledge

The very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (C18–C22) and n-3 Omega PUFAs are apparently widely accepted as a part of modern nutrition because of their beneficial effects on metabolism. Most significantly, the reported protective effect of the n-3 omega fatty acids in relation to cardiovascular inflammatory diseases and cancer has led people to consider these fatty acids more beneficial than other dietary supplements. Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies relating to the physical performance increasing effect in sports diets, cholesterol-reducing effect in meat technology, effects on human serum profile, the application dose and the side effects with ⁄without omega-6 PUFAs, which has left us with several crucial unanswered questions. We still do not know the correct dose of n-3 omega and the correct ratio of n-3 omega to n-6 omega or their possible contraindications when combined with drugs, other foods and herbal supplements. Another reported aspect of n-3 omega PUFAs is that they protect and even enhance the effect in medical treatment of important diseases such as Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis and cancer. These reports led to PUFAs becoming one of the most accepted and consumed food supplements. Despite this weight of evidence and the considerable current use, there is still a need for studies, which will determine whether the n-3 omega fatty acids are in fact important functional supplements with no adverse effects. This review will attempt to outline the current position of n-3 omega fatty acids in the field of clinical nutrition and healthcare and outline the studies needed to determine whether there are significant advantages in taking them as food supplement without any adverse effects.
Modelling affect regulation dynamics (MARDy) : a computational simulation of affect change

This thesis explores the process of controlled affect regulation – the deliberate control of feelings and expressions – in terms of its dynamics. The thesis takes the perspective that affect is a dynamic and controllable process, regulated towards held goals, which themselves are controllable and dynamic. It is argued that affect regulation dynamics are underexplored, as are the dynamics of the related concepts of self-regulatory capacity and affect goal adjustment. A model of affect regulation dynamics (MARDy) is presented, which integrates affect regulation, self-regulatory capacity, and affect goal adjustment, within a control theory framework. A computational simulation of the MARDy model is constructed and known trends in affect are simulated. The model further offers predictions of affect dynamics and understanding of underlying mechanisms involved. Two studies are conducted to collect data for model representation. In Study 1, affect diary data are collected from five university staff and students. Parameter values for the model are derived from determining best fitting correlations of model results with the diary data across dimensions of felt-affect, self-regulatory capacity, felt-affect goals and affect-expression goals. In Study 2, affect diary data are collected from six teaching staff at a local primary school. This study extends beyond the first, to also incorporate data for affect-expressions. The capacity for the model to represent this second data set is assessed, using the protocol from Study 1. In a third, simulated, study, the model is extended to represent a network of two individuals. Propositions regarding affect dynamics across the dyad are made and tested in simulation. Considerations are offered for dyad representation in the affect regulation literature. The proposed dynamics of affect regulation, arising from model development and the three studies described, are discussed in terms of current literature; theoretical and practical implications of model results and propositions are discussed.
Effect of Hyperacute Administration (Within 6 Hours) of Transdermal Glyceryl Trinitrate, a Nitric Oxide Donor, on Outcome After Stroke: Subgroup Analysis of the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) Trial

Background and Purpose— Nitric oxide donors are candidate treatments for acute stroke, potentially through hemodynamic, reperfusion, and neuroprotectant effects, especially if given early. Although the large Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) trial of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was neutral, a prespecified subgroup suggested that GTN improved functional outcome if administered early after stroke onset. Methods— Prospective analysis of subgroup of patients randomized into the ENOS trial within 6 hours of stroke onset. Safety and efficacy of GTN versus no GTN were assessed using data on early and late outcomes. Results— Two hundred seventy-three patients were randomized within 6 hours of ictus: mean (SD) age, 69.9 (12.7) years; men, 154 (56.4%); ischemic stroke, 208 (76.2%); Scandinavian Stroke Scale, 32.1 (11.9); and total anterior circulation syndrome, 86 (31.5%). When compared with no GTN, the first dose of GTN lowered blood pressure by 9.4/3.3 mm Hg (P<0.01, P=0.064) and shifted the modified Rankin Scale to a better outcome by day 90, adjusted common odds ratio, 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.32–0.80). Significant beneficial effects were also seen with GTN for disability (Barthel Index), quality of life (EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale), cognition (telephone Mini-Mental State Examination), and mood (Zung Depression Scale). GTN was safe to administer with less serious adverse events by day 90 (GTN 18.8% versus no GTN 34.1%) and death (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.99; P=0.047). Conclusions— In a subgroup analysis of the large ENOS trial, transdermal GTN was safe to administer and associated with improved functional outcome and fewer deaths when administered within 6 hours of stroke onset. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00989716.
Technical Note - Waiting Time in an (S - 1, S) Inventory System - Constant Service Time Case

The purpose of this note is to provide comparable results to Higa et al. Higa, I. , A. Feyerherm, A. Machado. 1975. Waiting time in an S-1, S inventory system. Opns. Res.23 674-680. for the constant resupply time case. Since resupply times are seldom as variable as exponential, the waiting-time distribution for constant resupply times is of interest, at least as a standard of comparison.