Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of Enamel White Spot Lesions

Dental caries is a highly prevalent multifactorial disease and isa major public health problem. A goal of modern dentistry is tomanage enamel white spot lesions noninvasively and effectivelyan attempt to prevent disease progression and improveesthetics, strength and function. The progression of caries hasbeen tried to be curbed at initial stage only but for that only useof fluoride application was suggested but with recent developmentsin dental materials other remineralization options as well asnoninvasive masking procedure can be performed to attain bestresult. This article reviews all the materials and techniquesmentioned in the literature to manage the world’s most commondisease in its initial stage only.
Customer Engagement Behaviour in Social Media Advertising: Antecedents and Consequences

With the rapid growth and development of social network services, companies have largely increased their advertising budgets for social media advertising. Social media advertising has attracted a great deal of attention among marketers and re-searchers. However, very few works of research have focused on social media ad-vertising and have only concentrated on measuring clicking effects. This study es-tablished a model to analyze customers’ engagement in social media advertising, the relationship among the antecedents of social media advertising engagement, the en-gagement behaviours in social media advertising, and the consequences of social media advertising. This study conducted an online survey among 502 valid Internet users. Partial least squares regression was used to analyze the relationship among the antecedents and consequences of user engagement in social media advertising. Fi-nally, based on the findings, discussions and conclusions will be provided regarding further research and practices. Keywords: Social Media Marketing, Social Media Advertising, Customer Engage-ment Behaviour To cite this document: I Ping Chiang, Shih Hui Lo, and Ling-Hui Wang, "Customer Engagement Behaviour in Social Media Advertising: Antecedents and Consequences", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.13, No.3, pp. 193-216, 2017. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi. org/10.7903/cmr.17673
An In-Depth Evaluation of Micro-Surfacing Treatment

Micro-surfacing since its formal introduction in 1980 has proved to be the number one treatment option for maintenance and preservation of pavements. This paper reviews the design and equipment practice, construction process, benefits, limitations and worldwide state of the practice of micro-surfacing. Two implemented project examples are also included to corroborate why micro-surfacing is a better preservation maintenance strategy. The general consensus from the literature is that micro-surfacing is a cost effective and eco-friendly treatment but more research needs to be done to validate and quantify the less environmental impacts and energy usage it offers unlike other treatments. Suggestions like standardization of the mixture design and whether rolling of the micro-surfacing surface adds value are future research topics that will greatly improve its effectiveness. It is my hope that through this review, more developing countries under strict budgetary constraints can take up this practice and enjoy the many benefits that micro-surfacing offers.
The Effect Of Corporate Governance Mechanisms On The Valuation Of Comprehensive Income Reporting In Nigeria

This study investigates the influence of corporate governance mechanisms on the valuation of other comprehensive income in Nigeria. The sample of this study consists of 327 firm-year observations comprising of 117 firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period of 2010 to 2014. The findings reveal that there is a positive influence of corporate governance mechanism on the investors’ pricing of other comprehensive income. Findings show that for firms with weak governance mechanisms, other comprehensive income is value relevant, but is more significantly priced for strong governance firms. This study finds a similar result when other comprehensive income interact with individual elements of corporate governance factor. Therefore, corporate governance mitigates reliability concerns associated with fair value earnings, agency cost will be minimised and investors are more likely to view other comprehensive income as more value relevant. It is therefore recommended that reporting entities should pursue best corporate governance practices in order to enhance investors’ confidence in the reliability of other comprehensive income.
Internet Financial Reporting of Public Institutions and E-Government as a Medium of Good Governance in Indonesia

Objective - Transparency of financial reporting can be achieved through various media including the internet and is an important factor of good governance. The use of internet in government has been regulated to encourage the government to build and develop websites to present information to the public. This research analyzes the factors that influence the government's internet financial reporting (IFR) through e-government. Methodology/Technique - The factors tested in this research are: size, leverage, capital expenditure, and audit opinion of the Republic Indonesia Audit Board (BPK). The population of this research is 25 ministries registered on the e-government ranking index (PeGI) between 2013 and 2015. Path analysis using the SPSS 21 application program is used. Findings - The results show that size, capital expenditure and audit opinion of BPK affected the use of IFR through e-government, whereas leverage did not affect the use of IFR through e-government. Novelty – These findings indicate that e-government is an important mediating factor in disclosing financial reports on the internet as a medium of good governance for public institutions in Indonesia. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Internet Financial Reporting; Size; Leverage; Capital Expenditure; Audit opinion; E-government. JEL Classification: M40, M41, M49.
Performance and internationalization effects of the use of ICT in diversified companies

The relationship between Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and business performance has been a topic of great importance for academics from different areas for several decades. In this sense, this study analyzes the impact of the use of ICT on the diversification strategy of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). From a sample of 95 companies in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, it is evident that diversified companies show a higher level of use of ICTs and that this resource affects positively the degree of international diversification and business performance. For the descriptive and correlational statistical analysis of the variables, the SPSS software version 21 was used
Annotated bibliography for public risk communication on warnings for public protective actions response and public education

This paper describes the evacuation of the population of Cancun, Mexico during Hurricane Gilbert, and identifies some of the correlates of their evacuation behavior. The information was collected during a post-disaster visit conducted one week after impact (September 13, 1988) and as part of a survey a year later of a random sample of 431 persons 18 years and older who resided in Cancun at the time of the disaster. One-fourth of the respondents evacuated. The majority of the evacuees found shelter in the homes of friends, neighbors, and relatives and were gone from their homes a week or less. Socio-demographic variables such as the number of persons in the household, gender, age, and marital status were not very useful predictors of evacuation behavior. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) and higher numbers of family contacts did not increase the probability of evacuation. The findings underscore the importance of calculations of risk for understanding evacuation behavior. The environmental context and physical characteristics of residences are significant variables impacting on the perceptions of risk and on subsequent evacuation behavior.
Satanic Conflict and the Plot of Matthew

Recent gospel studies have capitalized on the advance in scholarship of narrative criticism. Conversely, gospel studies have suffered from a general lack of appreciation for and application of first-century demonology in Judaism. A combination of these two critical tools sheds great light not only on the plot of Matthew but also on the understanding of selected problem passages. The success of this approach makes Satanic Conflict and the Plot of Matthew an indispensable method of gospel criticism.
Bone marrow transplantation for β‐thalassaemia major: the UK experience in two paediatric centres

Summary. Stem cell transplantation (SCT) remains the only cure for thalassaemia major. Recent advances in medical treatment make it even more important that accurate information is available regarding outcome of SCT in relevant patient populations in order to guide informed decisions regarding the most appropriate treatment for individual thalassaemia patients. We report the results of 55 consecutive first related allogeneic bone marrow transplants (BMT) for children with β‐thalassaemia major performed in two UK paediatric centres over 10 years. Between February 1991 and February 2001, 55 children underwent 57 allogeneic BMT. The median age at BMT was 6·4 years and the majority of patients (73%) originated from the Indian subcontinent. Using the Pesaro risk classification, 17 patients were class 1, 27 were class 2 and 11 were class 3. Actuarial overall survival and thalassaemia‐free survival at 8 years were 94·5% (95% CI 85·1–98·1) and 81·8% (95% CI 69·7–89·8) respectively. Despite the majority of patients being in class 2 or 3, transplant‐related mortality was low (5·4%). The principal complication was graft rejection accompanied by autologous reconstitution that occurred in 13·2% of transplants. Following modification of the conditioning regimen in 1993, the rejection rate fell to 4·6% and remained low. Acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) of grade II–IV occurred in 31% and chronic GVHD in 14·5%. These data compare favourably with survival with medical treatment for thalassaemia major and suggest that allogeneic BMT remains an important treatment option for children with β‐thalassaemia major, particularly when compliance with iron chelation is poor.
xial shrinkage-stress depends upon both-factor and composite mass avid

Objectives. To measure and then mathematically model polymerization stress-dependence upon systematic variations of C-factor (bonded/unbonded area ratio) for the Bioman instrument [1], recording stress by free cantilever-beam deflection; compliance 1.5 m/MPa. Methods. A light-cured resin-composite (RZD103; Ivoclar) with 57% (v/v) 450 nm filler was studied. Facing surfaces: glass slab and steel rod-end, constituting the Bioman test chamber, being perpendicular to the measured axial stress-direction, were varied: (a) with roddiameters ( ), from 1 to 10 mm in 1 mm increments (with 0.8 mm gap height); and then (b) with gap heights (h) in 16 steps from 0.05 to 1.50 mm (with = 10 mm). For each h and combination, giving C-factors ranging from 0.6 to 100, shrinkage-stress was recorded for 1 h from start of 40 s irradiation at 600 mW cm−2 for photo-polymerization at 23 ◦C (n = 3). Shrinkagestress (S ) was plotted directly as functions of h, , and C and also per unit composite mass, (S g−1). ANOVA and Tukey’s statistics were applied. Results. Series A—diameter variation; with C-factor increasing from 0.6 to 6, gave an exact exponential decrease in S from 45 to 8 MPa. Series B—height variation; with C-factor increasing from 3 to 100, gave increasing S from 1 to 8 MPa. Since composite mass played an equally dominant role, plots of stress-variations per unit composite mass, (S g−1) separated these effects, confirming progressive off-axial stress-relief with increasing h. Significance. (i) Values of h = 0.8 and = 10 mm, recommended [1] for Bioman use, were confirmed as appropriate. Every lab instrument for measuring S necessarily embodies specific C-factors and compliance values in the instrument design. (ii) Configuration (C) factor is recognized as an important parameter affecting manifestation of shrinkage-stress within restorative cavities and luting gaps. However, the restorative mass must equally be considered when translating shrinkage-science into specific clinical recommendations.
Documenting Pain as the Fifth Vital Sign: A Feasibility Study in an Oncology Ward in Sarawak, Malaysia

Background: Monitoring acute postoperative pain as the fifth vital sign is currently practiced in many developed countries. In Sarawak, pain is an important symptom as 70% of cancer patients present with advanced disease. As the existing validated pain assessment tools were found to be difficult to use, we studied the feasibility of modifying the use of a pain assessment tool, consisting of the short form of the Brief Pain Inventory and the Wong-Baker Faces Scale. Method: This tool was used to document pain in all 169 patients who were admitted for pain control to the oncology ward between July 2000 and June 2001. Nurses were trained in the use of the modified scale before the start of the study. Results: The method was easy to use, and the mean number of days to reduce pain was found to be 3.1 days (SD: 2.9; median: 2 days; range: 1–31 days). At discharge, none in the group with initially mild pain had pain, and the severity of pain for 98% of patients with moderate pain and 61% with severe pain was downgraded to mild pain. Conclusion: The staff found that the tool allowed continuous pain assessment in an objective manner.
Analysis and design of quasi-optical multipliers using lumped element (LE)-FDTD method

The MM and subMM wave frequency ranges are becoming widely used in a number of communications, radar and remote sensing applications. In these frequency ranges the use of guiding structures can he quite inefficient and single high power sources are difficult to produce. One possible solution to these problems is the use of quasi-optical circuits. One of the problems of quasi-optical circuits is the difficulty of their design. This arises from the fact that they often have many active devices embedded in radiating structures and hence pose great problems for conventional circuit simulators. Quasi-optical circuits thus require a global simulation tool that can simulate all parts of the circuit, including active, passive and radiating elements. A promising method is the lumped element finite difference time domain (LE-FDTD) method. This approach allows for the incorporation of lumped element models including passive, active and non-linear devices directly into the traditional FDTD grid structure. The method is used in this paper to investigate the analysis and design of quasi-optical multipliers using diodes mounted in slot antennas. The conventional approach to slot multiplier design is to place the diode centrally in the slot, however, using LE-FDTD the diode can be offset in the slot to add an extra degree of freedom to the design process. It is felt that by placing the diode towards the end of the slot, in the low impedance region of the slot, improvements in performance may be possible.
Activités spécifiques du cortex cingulaire antérieur et du cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral et interactions lors de l’adaptation des comportements

Agir de facon optimale dans un environnement incertain necessite d'evaluer et de comparer les couts et benefices des differentes alternatives. Cela implique aussi de reguler et de controler le comportement de facon flexible pour optimiser les periodes de recherche de gains ou de ressources et les periodes d'exploitation des acquis. Une des hypotheses actuelles sur les mecanismes neurobiologiques impliques, propose que cortex cingulaire anterieur (CCA), associe a l’evaluation de l’action, et cortex prefrontal dorsolateral (CPFdl), associe au controle cognitif, interagiraient pour reguler le comportement. Les travaux realises au cours de cette these ont permis de preciser le role joue par le CCA dans la detection et l’evaluation des performances ainsi que ses interactions avec le CPFdl au sein d'une boucle du controle cognitif. Menes grâce a des enregistrements electrophysiologiques chez le singe en comportement, ils apportent des precisions sur la sequence d’activation du CCA et du CPFdl dans la bande de frequences gamma lors de l'adaptation du comportement. L’etude des potentiels de champs locaux de ces deux regions amenent a poser des hypotheses sur les mecanismes oscillatoires sous-jacents et notamment sur le role des communications basses frequences entre le CCA et le CPFdl et leur implication differentielle entre recherche et exploitation.
The Social Relations–Physical Health Connection: A Comparison of Elderly Samples from the United States and Japan

Cross-national comparison of the social relations–physical health association in the elderly can broaden our understanding of the implications of social relationships in this age group. Using representative cross-sectional samples of adults aged 60–93 years from metropolitan areas in the United States and Japan (n = 1005), we used analysis of variance to examine between-country differences in the association of illness with measures of network structure, social support, and negative relations. One significant between-country difference in this association was found: in Japan only, ill women reported more available financial help from their child than did non-ill women (p < .05). Ill women in both countries reported less sick care available from their spouse than did ill men (p < .05) and more negative relations with their child than did non-ill women (p < .05). These results suggest the primacy of gender, rather than cultural context, in shaping the association between social relations and health.
Inter-Linkage between Credit Source and Marketing Pattern of Farm Produce

The present study has been undertaken in three agro-economic zones of Punjab to examine the linkages between the credit source and marketing pattern of farm produce. Multistage random sampling technique was used for the selection of 90 farmers. Inter-linkages between the source of credit and marketing pattern refer to the inter-linkage between farmers and moneylender indulged in trading activities. Majority of the sampled farmers i.e. 65 per cent were found trapped in linked transactions. Participation of medium farmers in linked credit contracts was found to be higher i.e. 72.22 per cent as compared to large (57.14%) and small farmers (51.72%). Credit-input-product inter-linkage emerged as dominant type in the study area i.e. 33.33 per cent followed by credit-product type (31.11 per cent). m It was concluded that there were inter-linkage between the source of credit and marketing pattern of farm produce among the sampled farmers. m Participation of medium farmers in linked credit contracts was found to be higher due to large size of marketable surplus.
Psychobiological Differences in Childhood Stress Response. II. Cardiovascular Markers of Vulnerability

A fuller understanding of the distribution of morbidity in childhood may be achieved through the study of individual differences in stress susceptibility. The importance of person-environment transactions has been appreciated in the psychological domain, but only recently have individual differences in children's psychobiological responsivity to the environment become the focus of systematic study. Current work on individual differences in children's biobehavioral stress response is illustrated by reviewing current research on two aspects of cardiovascular regulation: cardiovascular reactivity and cardiac vagal tone. Both show promise of being stable individual traits emerging early in childhood, and both have correlates with children's patterns of health, behavior, and development. Consideration of individual differences in children's physiological responsivity can enrich our understanding of the meaning and adaptive significance of childhood behavior. J Dev Behav Pediatr 11:140–150, 1990. Index terms: children, health, cardiovascular, vulnerability.
Platelet activation can occur by shear stress alone in the PFA-100 platelet analyser

The PFA-100 platelet function analyser simulates high-shear platelet function; however, the relative importance of the high shear rates alone has not been examined in this system. Normal blood was analysed by the PFA-100 using modified cartridges that contained a blank membrane lacking the usual platelet agonists (collagen/epinephrine or collagen/ADP) thus isolating the effects of shear stress alone. We found evidence of platelet activation with significant increases in platelet–leucocyte aggregates. There was no significant change in surface CD62P nor PAC-1 expression. A degree of platelet activation occurs in the PFA-100 due to shear stress alone.
Nanostructured Detector Technology for Optical Sensing Applications

Optical sensing technology is critical for defense and commercial applications including optical communication. Advances in optoelectronics materials in the UV, Visible and Infrared, using nanostructures, and use of novel materials such as CNT and Graphene have opened doors for new approaches to apply device design methodology that are expected to offer enhanced performance and low cost optical sensors in a wide range of applications.
Fractures of the femoral head: what are the reasons for poor outcome?

BACKGROUND In this article, we aimed to discuss treatment strategies in fracture of the femoral head, which is a very rare injury. METHODS We reviewed five patients (six fractures) who admitted to our emergency department due to femoral head fracture between March 2006 and December 2007. Functional outcomes of the patients who were treated operatively and nonoperatively were compared. RESULTS Half of the fractures were treated nonoperatively and half of them surgically. We observed a rate of 50% excellent to good results. Avascular necrosis developed in a patient with bilateral injury. The functional results were poor for this patient. Early posttraumatic arthritis was observed in a patient who was treated surgically; this patient had moderate results. CONCLUSION We should aim at anatomic reduction of the fragments with minimum soft tissue injury. The best approach should be chosen for excellent view of the fragments. We should not forget that half of these patients will have a poor outcome despite all treatment strategies.