Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Linguistic Complexity in Professional and Citizen Media

Structural linguistic characteristics are an important aspect of written communication. Previous research shows that linguistic complexity plays an important role in how people process information. With increasing popularity and readership of citizen journalism, questions of how structurally different this medium is from its professional counterparts and how this difference potentially affects readers become salient. Using automated content analysis methods, the present study investigates the differences in linguistic complexity across various citizen and professional journalism outlets. The analysis shows that the patterns of presenting political information across various media are different. These findings have direct implications for various branches of communication and journalism studies such as the knowledge gap hypothesis, language expectancy theory, and credibility research.
The Emotionality of Sonic Events : Testing the Geneva Emotional Music Scale (GEMS) for Popular and Electroacoustic Music

In the present study the Geneva Emotional Music Scale (GEMS-25) and its German offshoot, the GEMS-28-G were tested for measurement invariance across different types of musical stimuli. Additionally, the comparability of scores across the different language versions was checked. While alternative scales are often based on general dimensional or categorical emotion theories and are thus "stimulus-neutral", the domain-specific likert-type emotion scale GEMS is designed to especially capture the emotions evoked when listening to music. Within the study, an online survey was administered (n = 245) using a stimuli set of 20 excerpts from musical pieces. By analyzing the data with structural equation modeling (SEM), we tried to verify the reliability of the scales in terms of measurement invariance towards popular/classic music as well as towards the genre of electroacoustic music, employing the latter as an extreme case of a "non-conventional musical style". We subsequently also tested for measurement invariance across languages. Concerning music styles, measurement invariance of the original GEMS-25 was achieved only at the "configural level", while the GEMS-28-G could reach at least "weak factorial invariance". This demonstrates that only for the German version the contextual meaning of the construct remains constant across different musical genres with a reasonable fit. Nevertheless, researchers should be cautious when comparing GEMS factor scores achieved with very heterogenic musical styles in future studies, regardless in which language.
The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO): overview of pilot measurements on ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gases, and aerosols

Abstract. The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, and more pervasive change is expected to occur in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to establish long-term measurement sites that provide a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric conditions and that will be operated over coming decades to monitor change in the Amazon region, as human perturbations increase in the future. The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been set up in a pristine rain forest region in the central Amazon Basin, about 150 km northeast of the city of Manaus. Two 80 m towers have been operated at the site since 2012, and a 325 m tower is nearing completion in mid-2015. An ecological survey including a biodiversity assessment has been conducted in the forest region surrounding the site. Measurements of micrometeorological and atmospheric chemical variables were initiated in 2012, and their range has continued to broaden over the last few years. The meteorological and micrometeorological measurements include temperature and wind profiles, precipitation, water and energy fluxes, turbulence components, soil temperature profiles and soil heat fluxes, radiation fluxes, and visibility. A tree has been instrumented to measure stem profiles of temperature, light intensity, and water content in cryptogamic covers. The trace gas measurements comprise continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone at five to eight different heights, complemented by a variety of additional species measured during intensive campaigns (e.g., VOC, NO, NO2, and OH reactivity). Aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical measurements are being made above the canopy as well as in the canopy space. They include aerosol light scattering and absorption, fluorescence, number and volume size distributions, chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, and hygroscopicity. In this paper, we discuss the scientific context of the ATTO observatory and present an overview of results from ecological, meteorological, and chemical pilot studies at the ATTO site.
Assessment of the effect of wastewater quantity and quality, and sludge parameters on predictive abilities of non-linear models for activated sludge settleability predictions

This paper discusses the possibility of applying the three “black-box” methods to sludge settleability predictions. Additionally, the impact of the load of biogenic compounds and parameters of activated sludge on predictive abilities of the devised mathematical models is analysed in the paper. To conduct analyses we relied on the results of measurements of wastewater quantity and quality, and of the bioreactor operational parameters, taken on continuous basis at the Sitkówka-Nowiny treatment plant in 2012-16. The analyses conducted for the study indicate that the lowest values of errors in activated sludge settleability predictions for the wastewater treatment plant of concern were obtained for input data on the load of biogenic compounds at the inflow, microorganism culture environment, and activated sludge concentration.
Repatriation Taxes, Internal Agency Conflicts, and Subsidiary-level Investment Efficiency

Using a global sample of multinational corporations (MNCs) and their foreign subsidiaries, we find that repatriation taxes impair subsidiary-level investment efficiency. Consistent with internal agency conflicts between the central management of the MNC and the manager of the foreign subsidiary being the driver, we show that this effect is concentrated in subsidiaries with high information asymmetry and in subsidiaries that are weakly monitored. Quasi-natural experiments in the U.K. and Japan establish a causal relationship for our findings and suggest that a repeal of repatriation taxes increases subsidiary-level investment efficiency while reducing the level of investment. Our paper provides timely empirical evidence to inform expectations for the effects of a recent change to the U.S. international tax law that eliminated repatriation taxes from most of the future foreign earnings of U.S. MNCs. JEL Classifications: H21; H25; F23; G31. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
DISCOVERY OF LOW-METALLICITY STARS IN THE CENTRAL PARSEC OF THE MILKY WAY

We present a metallicity analysis of 83 late-type giants within the central 1 pc of the Milky Way. K-band spectroscopy of these stars was obtained with the medium spectral resolution integral-field spectrograph NIFS on Gemini North using laser-guided star adaptive optics. Using spectral template fitting with the MARCS synthetic spectral grid, we find that there is a large variation in the metallicity, with stars ranging from [M/H] < −1.0 to above solar metallicity. About 6% of the stars have [M/H] < −0.5. This result is in contrast to previous observations with smaller samples that show stars at the Galactic center having approximately solar metallicity with only small variations. Our current measurement uncertainties are dominated by systematics in the model, especially at [M/H] > 0, where there are stellar lines not represented in the model. However, the conclusion that there are low-metallicity stars, as well as large variations in metallicity, is robust. The metallicity may be an indicator of the origin of these stars. The low-metallicity population is consistent with that of globular clusters in the Milky Way, but their small fraction likely means that globular cluster infall is not the dominant mechanism for forming the Milky Way nuclear star cluster. The majority of stars are at or above solar metallicity, which suggests they were formed closer to the Galactic center or from the disk. In addition, our results indicate that it will be important for star formation history analyses using red giants at the Galactic center to consider the effect of varying metallicity.
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL TAKEOVER AND SELL-OFF ANNOUNCEMENTS: ABNORMAL RETURNS DIFFER BY INDUSTRY

We begin with the hypothesis that shareholder-wealth effects of corporate transactions differ depending on (a) the specific industry, (b) whether they are horizontal or vertical, and (c) whether they are integrations (takeovers) or disintegrations (partial sell-offs). A standard event study analysis for cumulative abnormal returns based on the market model is conducted for 309 data-points from 227 transaction announcements. We find that abnormal returns indeed do significantly depend on the transaction profile (horizontal vs. vertical and integration vs. disintegration) and industry. One main result is the observation that the capital market shows distinctive preferences for either an integration or disintegration strategy for vertical as well as for horizontal transactions. The specific pattern of this preference differs according to industry.
Age Structure and Mortality of Walleyes in Kansas Reservoirs: Use of Mortality Caps to Establish Realistic Management Objectives

Abstract Age structure, total annual mortality, and mortality caps (maximum mortality thresholds established by managers) were investigated for walleye Sander vitreus (formerly Stizostedion vitreum) populations sampled from eight Kansas reservoirs during 1991–1999. We assessed age structure by examining the relative frequency of different ages in the population; total annual mortality of age-2 and older walleyes was estimated by use of a weighted catch curve. To evaluate the utility of mortality caps, we modeled threshold values of mortality by varying growth rates and management objectives. Estimated mortality thresholds were then compared with observed growth and mortality rates. The maximum age of walleyes varied from 5 to 11 years across reservoirs. Age structure was dominated (≥72%) by walleyes age 3 and younger in all reservoirs, corresponding to ages that were not yet vulnerable to harvest. Total annual mortality rates varied from 40.7% to 59.5% across reservoirs and averaged 51.1% overall (SE = 2.
On the ichnofossil Treptichnus pedum: inferences from the Nagaur Sandstone, Marwar Supergroup, India

their distribution in space and time (Seilacher 2007). They not only document the lifestyle of the producers but also help in the interpretation of the associated environments. In the absence of geochronological data, certain trace/ body fossils are critical for determining the age of fossilbearing litho units, as well as depositional environment and palaeoecology. The Precambrian–Cambrian boundary and its Global Standard Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) have been established at the base of the trace fossil Treptichnus pedum zone at Fortune Head, Newfoundland (Narbonne et al. 1987, Brasier et al. 1994, Landing 1994). Previously known as Phycodes pedum (Seilacher, 1955), the First Appearance Datum (FAD) of Treptichnus pedum is accepted as the index fossil representing the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary and has been reported from several Precambrian–Cambrian transitional successions worldwide (Seilacher 2007, Buatois 2018). Formed possibly by priapulid worms (Vannier et al. 2010), T. pedum is essentially a branching, feeding burrow structure resulting from systematic probing and backfilling. Priapulids are basically considered as endobenthic predators (Vannier et al. 2010), suggesting that T. pedum may indicate the presence of predation behaviour at the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary. Morphologically these worm burrows are subdivided into modular segments, resembling buds on a twig, which follow a straight, sinusoidal or coiled course. They arguably represent the first record of complex metazoan behaviour at the onset of the Cambrian (Grotzinger et al. 1995, Jensen et al. 2006, Mángano et al. 2012). The burrowing method gradually became more complex, i.e. from horizontal to vertical in nature during this period as the priapulids probed deeper into the sediment in various ways. Such patterns distinguish it from other ordinary burrows, i.e. subhorizontal burrows produced in the sub-surface (Vannier et al. 2010). The Nagaur Group, as exposed at the Dulmera section (Fig. 1A, B), is well known for its trace fossil content (Kumar & Pandey 2008, 2010; Sharma & Pandey 2011; Srivastava 2012a, b; Singh et al. 2013, 2014a; Ahmad & Kumar, 2014; Pandey et al. 2014). Except a solitary claim by Singh et al. (2013), no convincing body fossil has yet been documented to date. Due to limited exposure of the Nagaur Sandstone, the FAD for the earlier reported T. pedum could not be assigned to any specific stratum at the Dulmera section (Srivastava 2012a). Futhermore, as previously pointed out with respect to Indian sections
Evaluating the Critical Success Factors of Industrialised Building System Implementation in Nigeria: The Stakeholders’ Perception

Globally, the adoption of Industrialised building system (IBS) has been acknowledged as a panacea for housing delivery performance. However, in most developing nations, especially Nigeria, its successful adoption is confronted with myriad of factors that are differently perceived by stakeholders resulting in poor performance and low uptake. The focus of this study is, therefore, to identify and evaluate those inhibiting factors as perceived by key construction stakeholders in the Nigerian construction industry. Initially, sixty-four (64) factors were identified through literature and structured interview. After which, a panel of experts, through Delphi method, considered forty-seven (47) of the factors contextual to IBS performance in Nigeria. 210 (70%) multidisciplinary construction professionals responded to the 300 administered questionnaires anchored on a Likert scale of I-5, (1-least significant to 5-Most Significant). Mean score approach was employed for data analysis. All the success factors were perceived to be critical. However, while forty (40) factors were perceived to excise high influence, seven (7) factors were found to moderately influence IBS performance. The five (5) critical success factors (CSFs) based on mean score (MS) are; Clear and precise goals (3.986), knowledge & skills (3.976), planning & control (3.948), top management support (3.938), and transportation (3.924). Having the knowledge of factors critical to IBS performance will assist key stakeholders' in their decision-making towards achieving effective project delivery.
Spiritual Capital in Modern Organizations

Modern firms succeed and fail primarily on the strength of their stores and use of various types of capital, such as financial, social, human, physical, etc. In light of a resurgence of interest in the spiritual element ever present in all organizations, we add spiritual capital to the lexicon of organizational assets. Our goals in this paper are three-fold. First, we introduce and explore spiritual capital as an organizational asset. Second, we explore the organizational design issues that lead to a lack of spiritual capital in modern organizations. Third, we consider for illustration purposes the example of strongly community-oriented organizations that exhibit high levels of spiritual capital. Specifically regarding spiritual capital, it is defined in this paper as assets, both tangible and intangible, that emanate from the spirit of an organization’s managers, employees, staff and volunteers, and that impact the spiritual condition of all organizational participants (internal and external). Spiritual capital is understood in this paper to consist of five elements – spiritual sensitivity, spiritual leadership, spiritual survival, spiritual outreach, and spiritual motivation. Further, in order to understand better the implications of spiritual capital, we consider possible organizational and individual outcomes associated with high levels of spiritual capital.
Constraining asymmetric dark matter through observations of compact stars

We put constraints on asymmetric dark matter candidates with spin-dependent interactions based on the simple existence of white dwarfs and neutron stars in globular clusters. For a wide range of the parameters (WIMP mass and WIMP-nucleon cross section), WIMPs can be trapped in progenitors in large numbers and once the original star collapses to a white dwarf or a neutron star, these WIMPs might self-gravitate and eventually collapse forming a mini-black hole that eventually destroys the star. We impose constraints competitive to direct dark matter search experiments, for WIMPs with masses down to the TeV scale.
COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL OF CIPC FOR SPROUT INHIBITION IN POTATOES UNDER HEAP STOARGE

Fogging of CIPC @ 40 ml/tonne of potatoes significantly reduced sprouting, suppressed sprout growth and reduced total storage losses in potatoes up to 90 days under heap storage (19-30oC, 50-88% RH). Single spray application of CIPC also remained equally effective. Findings have great significance as the farmers can store their produce for short-term with negligible sprouting to get remunerative prices.
CARBONATED SERPENTINITE (LISTWANITE) AT ATLIN, BRITISH COLUMBIA: A GEOLOGICAL ANALOGUE TO CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION

Listwanite, a carbonate-altered serpentinite commonly associated with gold and mercury mineralization, also represents a natural analogue to CO2 sequestration via in situ carbonation of minerals. The reaction pathways and permeability structure controlling listwanite formation are preserved and exposed at Atlin, British Columbia, where listwanite extends tens of meters into surrounding wallrock. The overall mineralogical transformation is the same as that being considered for industrial sequestration of CO2. In nature, this reaction proceeds via subreactions that are fossilized as spatially distinct zones. Serpentine + olivine + brucite reacted with CO2 to form serpentine + magnesite, then magnesite + talc, and finally magnesite + quartz. These mineralogical transformations are achieved isochemically, except for the volatile species H2O and CO2. Although the first stage of the reaction only accounts for about 5‐15% of the carbonation potential of serpentinite, it is very widespread, and therefore may have sequestered a significant portion of the total bound CO2. Moreover, within intact bedrock, the progress of the magnesite + talc reaction generates fracture permeability, which appears to have locally enhanced reaction. The first two reactions combined account for about half of the carbonation potential for serpentinite and have a small associated increase in the volume of solids, which limits porosity loss. They thus hold the greatest promise for in situ mineral carbonation. The carbonation reactions are controlled by the activity of CO2 in the fluid phase. Proponents of industrial mineral-carbonation processes therefore may seek to control the composition of the input gas to preferentially drive carbonation reactions that minimize porosity loss and maximize permeability generation. Magnetite was progressively destroyed during carbonation, which allowed magnetic susceptibility to be used as a proxy for carbonation-reaction progress. It facilitated the mapping of the permeability structure of these systems and delineated subtle variations in reaction progress that might otherwise have gone unnoticed in the field.
Entrapment of Avidin in Sol-Gel Derived Silica Glasses

Avidin has been entrapped within silica matrices under ambient processing conditions. Properties of the entrapped avidin including stability and its binding with biotin have been investigated by measuring changes in fluorescence. The relative rates of binding to biotin in a range of organically modified silicate were used to compare diffusion properties within gels and their suitability for entrapment of biosensor reagents. Results showed that none of the sol-gel processing conditions used in this study denatured the biomolecules, with the silicate-entrapped generally avidin having better stability towards denaturing conditions than in solution. The avidin retains its binding ability even as the gels aged. Addition of specific organically modified silanes to sol-gel derived materials resulted in a slight improvement in stability and greater accessibility of avidin to external reagents.
Frequency behavior of saturated nonlinear function series based on opamps

En el diseno de circuitos caoticos con multiples enrollamientos basado en dispositivos activos, el comportamiento de las funciones no lineales es representado por aproximaciones lineales a trozos (PWL). Sin embargo, aunque modelos PWL son faciles de construir, estos no incluyen ninguna informacion relacionada con los parametros de desempeno de los dispositivos activos a ser usados. Este es un serio inconveniente, ya que modelos PWL introducen un nivel de inexactitud en un analisis numerico el cual llega a ser mas evidente cuando las simulaciones numericas son comparadas con resultados experimentales. Estas diferencias son mas pronunciadas cuando las formas de onda caoticas a ser generadas son empujadas a operar en alta frecuencia. Este articulo introduce resultados experimentales sobre el comportamiento en frecuencia de la funcion no lineal llamada serie de funciones saturadas las cuales son disenadas con amplificadores operacionales. Los nuevos resultados son clave no solamente en la sintesis automatica de atractores caoticos y en los esquemas de sincronizacion usados en los sistemas de comunicacion basados en caos, pero tambien en las metricas usadas para evaluar la complejidad de un sistema caotico. Un modelo analitico para caracterizar el comportamiento de la funcion no lineal es derivado y este es mas exacto que el modelo PWL. Los resultados teoricos son validados con resultados experimentales a traves del uso de dispositivos comerciales