Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of CP violation observables and parameters for the decays B±→DK*±

We study the decay B--> DK*- using a sample of 379x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-> BB events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B factory. We perform a Gronau-London-Wyler analysis where the D meson decays into either a CP-even (CP+) eigenstate (K+K-, pi(+)pi(-)), CP-odd (CP-) eigenstate (K-S(0)pi(0), K-S(0)phi, K-S(0)omega) or a non-CP state (K-pi(+)). We also analyze D meson decays into K+pi(-) from a Cabibbo-favored D-0 decay or doubly suppressed D-0 decay [Atwood-Dunietz-Soni (ADS) analysis]. We measure observables that are sensitive to the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle gamma: the partial-rate charge asymmetries A(CP +/-), the ratios R-CP +/- of the B-decay branching fractions in CP +/- and non-CP decay, the ratio R-ADS of the charge-averaged branching fractions, and the charge asymmetry A(ADS) of the ADS decays: A(CP+)=0.09 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.06, A(CP-)=-0.23 +/- 0.21 +/- 0.07, RCP+=2.17 +/- 0.35 +/- 0.09, RCP-=1.03 +/- 0.27 +/- 0.13, R-ADS=0.066 +/- 0.031 +/- 0.010, and A(ADS)=-0.34 +/- 0.43 +/- 0.16, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Combining all the measurements and using a frequentist approach yields the magnitude of the ratio between the Cabibbo-suppressed and favored amplitudes, r(B)=0.31 with a one (two) sigma confidence level interval of [0.24, 0.38] ([0.17, 0.43]). The value r(B)=0 is excluded at the 3.3 sigma level. A similar analysis excludes values of gamma in the intervals [0, 7]degrees, [55, 111]degrees, and [175, 180]degrees ([85, 99]degrees) at the one (two) sigma confidence level.
Risk factors associated with atypical root resorption of the maxillary primary central incisors.

Maxillary occlusal radiographs of 233 children between 42 and 60 months old were examined for the presence or absence of atypical root resorption (ARR). In addition, the dental records of these children were examined to determine if an association existed between ARR, oral habits, documented trauma and overjet. Thirty-three (14.2%) of the patients had radiographic evidence of ARR of either maxillary primary incisor. Children with a positive history of both trauma to the incisors and oral habits had a statistically higher prevalence of ARR than those without either finding (P = .03). ARR was more prevalent as overjet increased, independent of trauma, and oral habits (P = .03). Furthermore, as the number of risk factors (large overjet, documented trauma, and oral habits) increased, the likelihood of developing ARR also increased.
The Problem of the Second Performer: Building a Community Around an Augmented Piano

Abstract The design of a digital musical instrument is often informed by the needs of the first performance or composition. Following the initial performances, the designer frequently confronts the question of how to build a larger community of performers and composers around the instrument. Later musicians are likely to approach the instrument on different terms than those involved in the design process, so design decisions that promote a successful first performance will not necessarily translate to broader uptake. This article addresses the process of bringing an existing instrument to a wider musical community, including how musician feedback can be used to refine the instrument's design without compromising its identity. As a case study, the article presents the magnetic resonator piano, an electronically augmented acoustic grand piano that uses electromagnets to induce vibrations in the strings. After initial compositions and performances using the instrument, feedback from composers and performers guided refinements to the design, laying the groundwork for a collaborative project in which six composers wrote pieces for the instrument. The pieces exhibited a striking diversity of style and technique, including instrumental techniques never considered by the designer. The project, which culminated in two concert performances, demonstrates how a new instrument can acquire a community of musicians beyond those initially involved.
Competing expectations: the case of hydrogen storage technologies

The development of a wide range of hydrogen technologies is linked to the promise of hydrogen as a sustainable energy carrier and the beginning of the end of the fossil fuel era. These promising technologies, however, have to compete among each other in terms of visibility and credibility. The paper introduces and discusses the notion of competing expectations. To trace the competition between three on-board storage technologies, 263 articles on ‘hydrogen’ and ‘storage’ are analysed with the help of Stephen Toulmin's scheme of argumentation. The paper concludes with a characterisation of the ‘expectations’ phase of competing technologies.
An Intravascular Lymphoma with Extravascular Tendencies

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVL) is rare and characterized by selective growth of neoplastic cells within the lumina of small blood vessels. We present the case of a 69-year-old woman who died of a widespread IVL with extravascular involvement of the lymph nodes, liver, bladder, and adrenal gland. This report discusses the unique features of IVL with concurrent extravascular components.
Protection of echinacoside against acute lung injury caused by oleic acid in rats

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) manifests as non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, respiratory distress and refractory hypoxemia, which is caused by increased permeability of damaged pulmonary capillary endothelia. ARDS is the ultimate stage clinical syndrome of ALI [1] and the leading cause of death in intensive care units with a very high mortality rate of 40% or more [2]. The common predisposing causes of ALI/ARDS are trauma, aspiration and sepsis, which can trigger a series of pathologic events including aggregation and activation of neutrophils, release of proteases and lipid mediators, production of free radicals and cytokines, finally leading to occurrence of ALI/ARDS [3]. However, there are no specific pharmacologic intervention for prevention and treatment by now [4]. The present strategies and future perspectives of the treatment for ALI/ARDS, focus on the ventilatory, pharmacological and cell therapies [5–7]: (1) improving ventilation, such as lung protective mechanical ventilation, positive end expiratory pressure ventilation, inverse ratio ventilation and high frequency ventilation; (2) drug therapy, such as inhaled nitric oxide, aerosolized prostacyclin, surfactant, antiinflammatory drugs and antioxidants; and (3)cell and cell-based gene therapy, such as endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and embryonic stem (ES) cells. The markedly high mortality of ARDS indicates that the key mechanism of the pathogenesis is not very clear. Thus, future studies should focus on newer forms of therapy and early phase of the pathogenesis of the disease. OA-induced ALI is a well-known model of chemical ARDS and extensive studies on it have been made for decades [8]. Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in this model in recent several studies [9,10]. The reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-dependent pathway from activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and endothelial cells was considered to contribute much to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in OA-induced ALI [11]. One of the mechanisms of OA-induced ALI is that the intravenous administration of OA can induce neutrophil activation through aggregation and attachment to endothelial cells [12]. Then the activated neutrophils may generate much free radicals including ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [13]. The free radicals may cause tissue injury directly, such as lipid peroxidation, destroying of construction integrity and disfunction of the biomembranes. Moreover, the free radicals can serve as signals to activate both neutrophils and endothelial cells in a positive feedback
Influenza A Virus Infection and Nucleotide Sequencing in HIV-Infected Children: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits noncommercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Brief Report
Estudios sobre las decisiones de retiro, la sostenibilidad del sistema de pensiones en España y la viabilidad financiera del Sistema Nacional de Dependencia

En este estudio abordamos varias decisiones que toman los individuos en los momentos inmediatamente anteriores y posteriores al retiro y sus implicaciones para la sostenibilidad del sistema de pensiones y la viabilidad del Sistema Nacional de Dependencia. A partir de las Encuestas Continuas de Presupuestos Familiares, las Encuestas de Poblacion Activa, la Encuesta de Deficiencias y Estado de Salud, las Encuestas de Apoyo a los Mayores, las Encuestas de Salud o los datos espanoles del Panel de Hogares de la Union Europea se abordan cuestiones de indudable relevancia y necesidad que se van a derivar de los actuales y previsibles cambios sociales y economicos propios de nuestras sociedades. En concreto, aspectos sobre las decisiones que se toman en los ultimos anos de vida activa y tambien en los anos de la jubilacion estan llamados a sufrir importantes modificaciones, y su conocimiento puede facilitar el normal y optimo desarrollo de los procesos vitales, politicos y sociales que tengan como fin el asegurar un bienestar maximo para todos.
Effects of age and type of picture on visuospatial working memory assessed with a computerized jigsaw-puzzle task

ABSTRACT We investigated the effect of age and color in a computerized version of the jigsaw-puzzle task. In Experiment 1, young and older adults were presented with puzzles in color and black-and-white line drawings, varying in difficulty from 4 to 9 pieces. Older adults performed the task better with the black-and-white stimuli and younger adults performed better with the color ones. In Experiment 2, new older and young adults identified the same fragmented pictures as fast and accurately as possible. The older group identified the black-and-white stimuli faster than those presented in color, while the younger adults identified both similarly. In Experiment 3A, new older and young groups performed the puzzle task with the same color pictures and their monochrome versions. In Experiment 3B, participants performed a speeded identification task with the two sets. The findings of these experiments showed that older adults have a memory not a perceptual difficulty.
Evaluation of thoracic limb loads, elbow movement, and morphology in dogs before and after arthroscopic management of unilateral medial coronoid process disease.

OBJECTIVE To (1) evaluate thoracic limb loads and symmetry, and elbow function and morphology, before and after arthroscopic treatment of unilateral medial coronoid process disease (MCPD), and (2) determine if functional variables correlate with morphologic findings. STUDY DESIGN Prospective case series. ANIMALS Dogs (n = 14) with thoracic limb lameness. METHODS Dogs were included when unilateral MCPD was confirmed as the cause of lameness. Kinetic analysis of both thoracic limbs, along with kinematic analysis and goniometry of both elbows were carried out before, and 60, 120, and 180 days after partial coronoidectomy by arthroscopy. Radiography and computed tomography of both elbows were performed before and 180 days after arthroscopy. RESULTS A nonsignificant (P = .11) increase in the peak vertical loads (PFz), and a significant (P = .022) increase in the vertical impulse (iFz) applied by the affected limb were seen. Symmetry indices improved, with significant differences between sessions (PFz: P = .019; iFz: P = .003). Kinematic variables showed no significant differences, between sessions or when comparing both elbows within sessions. Goniometry revealed no significant differences between sessions, but some significant differences were identified when comparing both elbows within sessions. Osteophytosis and degree of lameness showed no correlation, before (rs = -0.077; P = .79) or after arthroscopy (rs = 0.27; P = .35). CONCLUSIONS Kinetic variables improved after arthroscopy, without full restoration of function. Kinematic variables did not change significantly. Osteoarthritis and goniometric measurements in the affected joint worsened. Functional variables did not correlate with morphologic findings.
Compliance between clinical and genetic diagnosis of choroidal hypoplasia in 103 Norwegian Border Collie puppies

OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency of the nonhomologous end-joining factor 1 (NHEJ1) mutation and the compliance between clinical and genetic diagnosis of choroidal hypoplasia (CH) in a group of Norwegian Border Collies. ANIMALS STUDIED Border collie puppies in the age from 5 to 8 weeks. MATERIAL AND METHODS Puppies included in the study had a complete ophthalmological examination. All findings were recorded, and an ECVO scheme form was issued for each puppy. DNA samples were achieved from buccal swabs. Genetic typing was performed for the 7.8-kb deletion in the gene encoding NHEJ1. Dogs with none, one, or two copies of the mutated allele were classified as free, carriers, and affected, respectively. RESULTS 103 Border Collie puppies from 16 litters, 52 females and 51 males, were included in the study. Ages ranged from 5.1 to 8.9 weeks. One puppy had clinical findings consistent with CH and optic nerve coloboma compatible with the diagnosis Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA). Findings on ophthalmological examination of the remaining puppies were within normal limits. On genetic testing, 85 puppies were clear of the mutation in the NHEJ1 gene, 17 puppies were carriers, and one puppy was genetically affected. CONCLUSIONS A good compliance between the clinical diagnosis and the genetic test results was found in all of the puppies examined. The allele frequency of the mutation was 6.3%.
Comprehensive Study on the Bias-Dependent Equivalent-Circuit Elements Affected by PECVD SiN Passivation in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

In this paper, a comprehensive study on the effect of plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposited SiN surface passivation on the bias-dependent small-signal equivalent-circuit elements is carried out for AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors on a high-resistivity silicon substrate. The direct-current and small-signal performance of the device was found to be improved by surface passivation. The small-signal equivalent-circuit parameters at various gate and drain biases were extracted, and the physical mechanisms of their bias-dependent behaviors before and after passivation are discussed in detail.
Wine routes in Spain: A case study

Spain is a country with an enormous wine-growing tradition and with a huge tourist industry, although it has not made the importance of wine tourism profi table. Th us, it was not until 2000 that diff erent offi cial wine routes seemed to appear, with the main objective, amongst others, being to help develop rural areas where wine production is of crucial importance and to off er alternatives to traditional sun and beach tourism. In this paper, we will present an analysis of wine tourism in Spain based on the premise that wine (and regional cuisine) may be, and very frequently is, the main reason for visiting a certain area. To investigate this, we will present the results of an empirical study carried out in one of the offi cial wine routes of Andalusia, a Spanish region where sun and beach tourism and cultural tourism represent a highly signifi cant part of tourist activity. We have analysed how this tourist route is bringing about signifi cant socioeconomic changes to the geographical area. To achieve this aim, we have conducted a survey of the companies involved in the wine route in order to ascertain their opinions on the impact and infl uence of the route. Th e main results of the study demonstrate the need to consolidate the development of such routes through collaboration between public institutions, ensuring the participation of all the diff erent social actors involved.
Butyrolactone I Reversibly Inhibits Meiotic Maturation of Bovine Oocytes,Without Influencing Chromosome Condensation Activity1

Abstract In this study, butyrolactone I (BL I), a potent and specific inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, was shown to block germinal vesicle (GV) breakdown (GVBD) in bovine oocytes in a concentration-dependent manner; GVBD was almost totally inhibited over the course of 24–48 h of culture when 100 μM BL I was included in tissue culture medium 199 containing either polyvinyl alcohol or BSA. Correlated with this inhibition was the failure of either p34cdc2 kinase or mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase to become activated, and it was unlikely that BL I directly inhibited MAP kinase, since 100 μM BL I did not inhibit MAP kinase activity present in extracts obtained from metaphase II-arrested bovine eggs that possess high levels of MAP kinase activity. Nevertheless, the formation of highly condensed bivalents was observed in 78% of the BL I-treated GV-intact oocytes. This result suggests that chromosome condensation during first meiosis in bovine oocytes does not require the activity of either p34cdc2 kinase or MAP kinase. Treatment of BL I-arrested oocytes with okadaic acid (OA) did not result in either the activation of p34cdc2 kinase or MAP kinase, or inducement of GVBD. The BL I-induced block of GVBD for 24 h was reversible, and a subsequent 24-h culture resulted in 90% of oocytes reaching metaphase II with emission of the first polar body. Correlated with the progression to and arrest at metaphase II was the full activation of both p34cdc2 and MAP kinases. The reversibility after 48 h of culture in BL I was partially decreased when compared to that achieved after an initial 24-h culture. Fertilization in vitro of these eggs resulted in a high incidence of both sperm penetration and pronucleus formation (88% and 70%, respectively).
Hostility and cardiovascular reactivity to stress in women and men.

&NA; The relationship of Cook Medley hostility scores (Ho) to blood pressure and heart rate reactivity was examined in 56 women and 56 men. Stress was elicited by an unsolvable anagram task that was described as easily solvable. Both men and women scoring high on Ho had greater blood pressure responses to the task. Those scoring high on Ho also reported more anger in response to the tasks, but anger was not associated with blood pressure reactivity. It was concluded that situations evoking suspiciousness and mistrust rather than anger may be necessary to elicit increased blood pressure reactivity among high Ho subjects.
Salivation to the Sight and Thought of Food: A New Measure of Appetite*

&NA; Salivary response to the sight of food was studied to determine its value as a quantitative and objective measure of appetite. Salivation was measured by a simple technique using cotton dental rolls, before and during exposure to familiar foods. Increases in salivation occurred regularly when subjects looked at or thought of palatable food. The amount of salivation varied significantly and meaningfully with manipulated deprivation and palatability, and was correlated with subjects' ratings of hunger (r = 0.75) and appeal of the food stimuli (r = 0.46), indicating that the measure reflects appetite by several criteria. Salivary responses to food stimuli were found to be attenuated when subjects did not expect to eat the food. This method, because it employs an involuntary response, should prove a useful addition to other indices of hunger in studies of food regulation.
The hydrophilic-coated inflatable penile prosthesis: 1-year experience.

INTRODUCTION Penile prosthesis infections are a devastating complication for both patient and surgeon. Efforts to reduce the risk of infection from these elective procedures are a major focus of research and development by the major prosthesis companies. The Titan inflatable penile prosthesis (Mentor Corporation, Santa Barbara, CA) is coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a hydrophilic substance that reduces bacterial adherence and absorbs and elutes the antibiotics the device is immersed in intraoperatively. The Titan device was introduced to the American market in September 2002. This study reports the 1-year experience in the U.S. with the Titan and compares infection rates with the noncoated Alpha-1 IPP made by Mentor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two thousand three hundred and fifty-seven Titan prostheses were implanted in the U.S. from September 2002 to August 2003, compared with the 482 noncoated Alpha-1 IPPs implanted over the same time period. Infection rates were compared, along with bacterial culture data. All data were collected from Mentor's internal database, as generated from the FDA's mandatory reporting of explanted medical devices, and available on the internet. RESULTS The infection rate for the coated Titan IPP was 1.06% (25/2,357). During the same time period, the infection rate for the Alpha-1 noncoated prosthesis was 2.07% (10/482). Staphylococcus species predominated in both groups (9/25 Titan, 6/10 Alpha-1). CONCLUSIONS At 1 year of follow-up, the data demonstrate that the hydrophilic coating on the Titan IPP confers a significant advantage in reducing the rate of infection over the noncoated device. Long-term follow-up on this first year database is needed before this innovation is accepted as the standard of care for prosthetic surgery. Nevertheless, the theoretical reduction in bacterial adhesion conferred by the hydrophilic PVP surface and the ability to choose which antibiotic the device is immersed in intraoperatively gives the implanting surgeon distinct advantages with this new product.
Injuries among competitive snowboarders at the national elite level.

BACKGROUND Little is known about injury risk or the pattern of injuries among competitive snowboarders. PURPOSE To describe the incidence and pattern of injuries among female and male snowboard athletes at the highest national level. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS This study consists of 2 parts: prospective registration of injuries at snowboarding national cup events and the national championships during the 2002 season, as well as a retrospective interview of the participants during the national championships in March 2002. All injuries that resulted in missed participation were recorded. Exposure was recorded as the number of runs in all disciplines. RESULTS In the prospective study, the competition incidence was 4.0 +/- 0.7 injuries per 1000 runs (n = 32 injuries). Back (22%), knee (16%), and hand/wrist injuries (9%) were the most common. The incidence for the different disciplines was 14.2 +/- 5.3 per 1000 runs for big jump, 6.1 +/- 1.8 for snowboardcross, 3.1 +/- 0.9 for halfpipe, and 1.9 +/- 1.9 for giant slalom. The retrospective interview (n = 163 athletes, 83% response) revealed 84 acute time-loss injuries during the season; knee (16%), back (13%), head (13%), and hand/wrist injuries (12%) were the 4 most common injury types. The overall competition incidence was 3.4 +/- 0.6 injuries per 1000 runs (6.6 +/- 3.0 for big jump, 5.8 +/- 1.7 for snowboardcross, 2.1 +/- 0.7 for halfpipe, and 6.6 +/- 4.7 for giant slalom). No injury was recorded in parallel slalom in either study. CONCLUSION The incidence of injuries is high among competitive snowboarders at the elite national level. The injury pattern is different from the panorama seen among less experienced athletes, with fewer wrist injuries and more knee injuries.