Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conceptual metaphor theory and teaching English as a foreign language: A study on body part terms

Similarities and differences across languages can be observed in terms of the use of body part terms (BPTs) to express states, actions, emotions, and thoughts. This study primarily compared five best-selling English books with their Turkish translations and identified in both sets of books (a) the distribution of the literal and non-literal uses of BPTs, (b) the similarities and differences between the BPT-containing metaphorical linguistic expressions (MLEs), and (c) the similarities and differences between the conceptual metaphors (CMs) underlying the BPT-containing MLEs. Secondly, in relation to the content analysis of the corpus, Turkish speakers’ understandings of a dead metaphor were studied. The results reveal that although there are overlapping uses of BPTs in the MLEs in both sets of books and there are similar CMs underlying the BPT-containing MLEs, Turkish translations include more non-literal uses of BPTs than the original English versions. Shifts in BPTs when translated into Turkish are also observed. As for the dead metaphor various scenarios concerning the etymological origin of the dead metaphor were expressed by the Turkish participants. The differences identified in the translation corpus indicate that English BPT-containing MLEs and CMs underlying them should be among the criteria in the selection and design of the materials to teach English lexicon, and that a crosslinguistic perspective would be useful while teaching the English MLEs to the learners of English as a foreign language.
Effect of Dietary Formic and Propionic Acids Mixture on Limiting Salmonella pullorum in Layer Chicks

This investigation was conducted to study the effect of dietary formic acid (FA) and propionic acid (PA) mixture on inhibitory effect of Salmonella pullorum in layer chicks. Nine groups of one day-old layer chicks in addition to positive and negative controls, were fed with acids treated feed containing mixture of different acids concentrations, from 0.5% and 0.5% up to 1.5% and 1.5% FA and PA, respectively. Positive and negative controls were fed untreated feed. Groups except the negative control were challenged orally on day three with 10 4 cfu/ml S. pullorum. Cloacal swabs were taken at three successive days and at 7, 14 and 21 days of challenge. After 1, 2 and 3 weeks after challenge, 4 chicks from each group were sacrificed and crop and cecal contents were examined for S. pullorum and pH. The numbers of S. pullorum positive culture from the excretion of all treated groups except groups treated with mixture of 0.5% and 0.5%, 1% and 0.5%, 0.5% and 1% FA and PA decreased significantly (p<0.05) as compared with the positive control. The mortality rates of all treated groups except the group treated with 0.5% FA and 0.5% PA were decreased significantly (p<0.05) as compared with the positive control. The treatment significantly (p<0.05) lowered the pH of the crop and cecal contents in all groups except the group treated with 0.5% FA and 0.5% PA as compared with the control. Also, the treatment significantly (p<0.05) lowered the pH of the crop and cecal contents in all groups after three weeks of treatment compared to the first and second weeks. The treatments significantly (p<0.05) lowered the frequency of S. pullorum recovery from crop and cecal contents in six groups treated with 1.5 and 0.5, 1 and 1, 1.5 and 1, 0.5 and 1.5, 1 and 1.5, 1.5% and 1.5% FA and PA respectively. These results indicate that addition of FA and PA mixture in a total concentration of 2 % or more to the diet of newly hatched infected layer chicks significantly decreases the crop and cecal colonization by S. pullorum and significantly decreases S. pullorum fecal excretion and reduced the chick mortality rate. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 1 : 77-82)
Foraging behavior and diet of the Helmeted Manakin

I studied the foraging behavior and diet of the Helmeted Manakin (Antilophia galeata) in the gallery forests in the cerrado (savanna) region of central Brazil. Observations of 21 color-marked birds were made from April 1988 to March 1989 on a 2.5-ha study plot in a gallery forest. They showed that Helmeted Manakins are highly frugivorous (85.7% of foraging observations were on fruits; all stomach contents analyzed had fruits while arthropods were present in only 24.5%; and 96.2% of the fecal masses collected under a nest had fruits while 6 1.5% had arthropods); and take fruit mostly (46.5% of the observations) while in flight (sallies). Helmeted Manakins ate fruits of 17 species of 12 families of plants, as well as arthropods such as Araneae, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. One to six Helmeted Manakins attended 63.6% of the mixed-species flocks observed. Green birds (females and immature males) foraged at lower heights (6.5 * 4.6 m) than adult and subadult males, which foraged at a height (8.2 f 4.4 m) closer to where they sang (10.2 + 3.8 m) or called (8.4 f 4.8 m). The Helmeted Manakin showed similarities to other manakins in the diet and foraging tactics used, even though it may not be promiscuous (Marini and Cavalcanti, in prep.) and has an unique geographical distribution among dichromatic manakins.
Adaptation to Rising Population Density: Voices from Rural Kenya

This study provides empirical evidence on the link between population density and agricultural intensification and other strategies that rural communities use to adapt to increasing population density. The qualitative data used in this study were collected through Focus group discussions (FGDs) among experienced community members who provided historical accounts on the dynamics of rural communities and transitions in agriculture that can be linked to scarcity of land associated with population density growth. The results generated by this study offer some insights on the link between population density growth and agricultural development. The study finds evidence of a Boserupian type of agricultural transformation in rural Kenya. Rural communities mainly responded to scarcity of land through agricultural intensification, migration and off farm diversification. Unsustainable land fragmentation, decline in agricultural outputs and incomes and deterioration in soil quality were cited as key phenomena accompanying the strategies adopted in response to population density growth. From the results we draw some policy implications that can provide insights to policy makers to guide sustainable agricultural development in the densely populated areas which include reversal of land fragmentation, improved market access, proper use of fertilizers and land policies that encourage migration into scarcely populated areas.
Digestibility and Feed Intake of Menz Sheep Fed Natural Pasture Hay Supplemented with Ameja (Hypericum quartinanum) Leaf and Noug (Guizotia abyssinica) Seed Cake

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of different proportion of Ameja (Hypericum quartinanum) leaf (AL) and Noug (Guizotia abyssinica) seed cake (NSC) on digestibility and feed intake of Menz sheep. Twenty five yearling male Menz lambs were divided based on their initial body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to treatments. Treatments were natural pasture hay (NPH) ad libitum + 150 g/day oats grain alone (T1) or with 344 g/day AL (T2), 230 g/day AL + 50 g/day NSC (T3), 112 g/day AL + 100 g/day NSC (T4) and 150 g/day NSC (T5). The supplements from AL and NSC were on iso-nitrogenous basis. The crude protein (CP) content of NPH, NSC, AL and oat grain was 6.5, 35.6, 15.1 and 9.8%, respectively. Total dry matter (DM) intake was greater for T3, T4, and T5 as compared to T1. There was significant difference among treatments in CP intake and its digestibility differed (P < 0.001) among the treatments but not for DM and other nutrients. Thus it is advisable to use Noug seed cake alone or Ameja/Noug seed cake combination at 67:33 proportion as protein supplement, whenever Noug seed cake is available. However, when Noug seed cake is unavailable or expensive, Ameja leaf can be used as a sole protein supplement. Keywords : Menz Sheep, Intake, Digestibility, Ameja, Noug, Crud protein.
CLOVE OIL AS ANESTHETIC FOR GUPPY

The present study evaluated different concentrations of clove oil for anesthesia of guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Adult female, male and juveniles fish were used to assess the influence of the anesthesia. The animals were individually submitted to the following clove oil concentrations: 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg L-1. The induction, recovery stages and mortality 96 hours after the experiment were evaluated. All fish exposed to experimental concentrations reached the final stage of anesthesia. Adult female and male and juveniles guppies respond differently to anesthesia induction by clove oil. Thus, it is recommended the use of clove oil on concentrations of 125 mg L-1 for adult males and from 75 mg L-1 to 150 mg L-1 for adult females and juveniles animals.
Executive coaching in diversity from the systems psychodynamic perspective : original research

Orientation: The researcher applied role analysis from the systems psychodynamic perspective to executives in state departments to improve their awareness of the unconscious diversity dynamics that affect their roles. Research purpose: The purpose of this research was to describe the application of systems psychodynamic role analysis and to determine its trustworthiness in assisting executives to work effectively with conscious and unconscious diversity dynamics in their organisations. Motivation for the study: Executives generally struggle to understand the deeper meaning of diversity behaviour that manifests inside and around them, leading to conflict. Without understanding the unconscious meaning of the behaviour, organisations founder easily. Awareness of below-the-surface behaviour leads to insight and taking responsibility for diversity-related behaviours. Research design, approach and method: The researcher coached six executives in South African state departments over a period of 10 months. The coaching addressed and analysed the executives' organisational roles. She analysed the data using discourse analysis. Main findings: Themes relating to the diversity dynamics of gender, race, ethnicity, authority, disability, language, age, de-authorisation of diversity work and the coaching process emerged. The coaching assisted the executives to gain insights into below-the-surface diversity dynamics, to address diversity in a sustained manner and to take up their organisational roles more effectively. Practical / managerial implications: Coached executives will have a more objective and dynamic experience of diversity issues that manifest in organisations, between colleagues and within themselves. Contribution / value-add: Executive coaching from a systems psychodynamic perspective displays trustworthiness in improving participants' diversity awareness, especially with regard to gender, race, ethnicity and authorisation.
DETERMINANTS OF EXTERNAL AUDITORS CHOICE IN NIGERIAN QUOTED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

This paper investigates the determinants factors affecting auditors choice in quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. This study utilized both primary data and secondary data. The primary data were collected through the administration of structured questionnaire, while the secondary data were sourced from annual accounts and reports of sampled companies. The questionnaire on the determinants of the choice of auditors used by Oxera, (2006) was adopted for the study. 500 copies of the questionnaire were administered to respondents who were purposively selected shareholders of the quoted manufacturing companies in south western part of Nigeria. 308 copies of the questionnaire were returned and analyzed. The analysis revealed that response rate was 62%. Purposive sampling technique was adopted because it enables the researchers to identify and utilize knowledgeable shareholders in the process of selecting external auditors (include: members of audit committee, Managing Director, finance director and company secretary). Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Logistic Regression Analysis method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the two most important factors influencing the company’s choice of auditors are international coverage and long-term relationship with current auditors. Collectively, the findings have important implications for audit markets in emerging economies in which the sustainability of manufacturing firms is crucial to overall economic development.
Response of Different Doses of Nitrogen on Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in Lamjung District

The study was carried out to examine the optimum dose of Nitrogen on Broccoli in Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus during Sept, 2015- Jan, 2016. Six treatment Viz. 50, 100,150,200, 250, 300 kg/ha of Nitrogen with same level of P and k (160:100 kg/ha) and FYM (20 t/ha) were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Effect of treatments on plant height, leaf area and head weight plant-1, yield ha-1 were significant and other parameters (leaf number, SPAD reading, plant spreading) were not affected by the treatments. Treatment that received 300 kg N ha-1 gave the maximum yield ha-1 (14.77 ton) which was followed by treatment that received 250 kg N ha-1 (10.60 ton), 200 kg N ha-1 (8.11 ton), 150 kg N ha-1 (7.432 ton), 100 kg N ha-1 (5.96 ton) and 50 kg ha-1 (4.24 ton). Treatments 250 kg N ha-1, 200 kg N ha-1, 150 kg N ha-1 and 100 kg N ha-1 were statistically at par while 50 kg produced the least yield ha-1. Application of 300 kg N ha-1 gave the higher result with respect to plant height (17.75 cm), leaf area (699.32 cm2), leaf number (7.77), SPAD reading (68.71), plant spreading (70.21 cm), compared to other treatments while minimum result obtained from application of 50 kg N ha-1. Hence, we can conclude that the total head production increased with increased N Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 270-273
Pedobarography of the coper and non-coper ACL-deficient knee subjects during single and double leg stance

Introduction: Biomechanical studies have frequently shown a close relationship between the knee and ankle joint movements. ACL-deficiency may change the foot pressure pattern of the ACL-deficient knee subjects. The current study aimed to investigate the pattern of the foot pressure in coper and non-coper ACL-deficient knee subjects during standing on one and both feet. Methods and Materials: This case-control study was conducted on 12 coper and 12 non-coper ACL-deficient knee subjects and 25 age-sex matched healthy subjects. The subjects were tested barefoot during single and bilateral standing on the platform of a Zebris pedobarograph tool. The outcome measures included the measurements of the pressures of each part of the foot during the tests. Results: The results showed a significantly decreased total pressure only between the non-coper and control groups during double leg stance test. In terms of the forefoot pressure, a significant increased pressure was shown only in the non-coper ACL-deficient knee subjects during both single and double leg stance tests ( P 0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed marked changes following ACL-deficiency mainlyin non-coper ACL-deficient knee subjects. The increased forefoot pressure in non-coper ACL-deficient knee subjects was probably due to the forwarded line of gravity in these patients aligned with their base of support to keep their knees more stable. Further studies are needed to verify the differences between the male and female ACL-deficient knee subjects. Keywords: Coper/non-coper ACL-deficient knee subjects; Stability; Pedobarograph; Foot pressure system; Postural control
AtriplaTM – HIV therapy in one pill

Correspondence: Johannes Bogner Medizinische Poliklinik der LMU München, Department of infectious diseases Pettenkoferstrasse 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany Tel +49 89 51603598 Email johannes.bogner@med. uni-muenchen.de Abstract: In July 2006 Atripla was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), combining the active ingredients of one NNRTI and two NRTIs. Atripla is the fi rst “one-pilldaily” regimen licensed for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in patients older than 18 years. H was licensed in Europe in December 2007 Atripla contains efavirenz 600 mg, emtricitabine 200 mg, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg. It therefore combines 3 compounds which have been widely used before and which were recommended for initial therapy due to their potency, tolerability, and safety profi le. Effi cacy and safety data of efavirenz, tenofovir DF, and emtricitabine are reviewed and compared with other antiretroviral drugs, which are used as initial therapy for treatment-naive patient.
USE OF ELECTROLYZED WATER IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION

The paper deals with the possibility to use the properties of electrolyzed water to disinfect breeding halls and to water animals. The aim of the research was to find out whether elektrolyzed water used for desinfication of breedings hall and watering of animals influences selected indicators of the meat quality. Electrolyzed water is produced in a patent-protected device Envirolyte that produces biocide solution using potable water with added NaCl. The technology of production guarantees the product is entirely ecological, biologically fully degradable, non-toxic that can replace traditional chemical agents. Possibilities of disinfection using this solution have been verified directly in stables at the interval of 20, 40, 60 min. after application. Staphylococci and streptococci and enterococci were inactive always after 60 minutes of effect. There was significant decrease in the number of total number of microorganisms. Further, the solution of electrolyzed water was used to water poultry; and the affect on some of the properties of poultry meat, changes in pH, colour and loss of water (dripping) in particular, was observed. Testing was carried out under working conditions in two breeding halls at a time and the technology of electrolyzed water to disinfect premises and to water chickens was used in one
The Development of a LMS Decision Making Model: Evaluating the Importance of Non-Financial Measures in LMS Decision Making at Universities

This research examined how managers in universities incorporate non-financial measures in their Learning Management System (LMS) decision-making processes. A LMS decision-making model which includes six multi-dimensional perspectives, incorporating financial and non-financial criteria and indicators, was developed and evaluated. The outcome of this study is a LMS decision-making model developed as a tool to support a more effective evaluation of Information Technology (IT) alternatives. Results also indicate that there was substantial support for using a multi-dimensional decision making model among IT decision makers at universities, and that they believed that non-financial measures are important and should be considered in a LMS decision making process.
On the generalized cost - demand elasticity of intermodal container transport

Elasticities for freight transport in the context of mode choice are hardly available for markets in which intermodal container transport competes with truck only transport. These elasticities are expected to be different, however, from values found in the literature for traditional freight transport, as trucking is a complement to rail or inland waterway transport when used for pre- or post-haulage, but a substitute to these modes when used from the origin to the final destination. This paper presents direct and cross (generalized) cost elasticities for road and rail transport demand for continental intermodal container transport and constitutes an attempt to compare the elasticities for intermodal transport with those for general freight transport. We first look into the sensitivity of elasticities to the total length of the haul and to pre- and post-haulage distances by road using a stylized, theoretical model. The assumption about pre- and post-haulage distances in mode choice appears to be important, as elasticities for road transport in the context of intermodal transport chains can be half of the values currently used in a conventional mode choice situation without access or egress by road. Next we provide empirical values for the market of container transport using a European multimodal network model. The absolute values of the estimated elasticities follow a double trend when the cost for trucking is modified: they increase with the distance between the origin and the destination, but decrease with the length of pre- or post-haulage. In all cases, the values are estimated to be inelastic. Overall, the “complement” component of the computed elasticities for rail-road transport is estimated to be approximately 20% of the total impact.
Why Market Returns Favor Democrats in the White House?

This study attempts to explain why the equity market earns greater returns for bearing risk when a Democrat is President in the USA versus a Republican. We look at data from 1929 through 2012. The data show that the value weighted return minus the corresponding period’s risk free rate is 10.83% when a Democrat is President, versus a corresponding return of -1.20% under Republican Presidents. We see the two basic macroeconomic arguments that should affect market value between the two parties: differences in risk free interest rates and differences in economic growth. On average the Democrats follow a policy of low interest rates. The rate of return on short term T-bills averages 4.55% under the GOP and a 2.48% under Democrats. Further, the Democrats overall economic policies create a higher average real growth rate with a 4.8% average versus only 1.8% under Republican administrations. These together do not explain the differences in equity market returns. Using a basic OLS approach with annual value weighted market returns minus the corresponding risk free rate as the dependent variable, neither interest rates nor real economic growth are significant in explaining returns though the party in power is significant.