Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vocal Outcome after Endoscopic Cordectomies for Tis and T1 Glottic Carcinomas

A cohort of 101 patients with previously untreated glottic cancer (15 Tis, 66 T1a, and 20 T1b) who underwent endoscopic CO2 laser excision between January 1995 and December 1997 was prospectively analyzed. The depth and extension of the excision were graded according to the European Laryngological Society Classification including 5 types of cordectomy. All patients were subsequently examined every 2 months for a period ranging from 30 to 66 months (mean, 48 months). The rates of 5-year overall survival, disease-free survival, ultimate local control with laser alone, and laryngeal preservation were 85%, 87%, 93%, and 95%, respectively. Sixty-nine patients underwent, at least 1 year after surgery, videolaryngostroboscopy combined with perceptual and objective evaluation of the voice, and spirometry. Acoustic parameters were compared with those obtained in a matched control group by Kruskal-Wallis test. No statistically significant difference was found (p > .05) between patients submitted to subepithelial (type I) and subligamental (type II) cordectomies and controls.
Energetic Characteristics of the New Transthyretin Variant A25T May Explain Its Atypical Central Nervous System Pathology

Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein that must misfold to form amyloid fibrils. Misfolding includes rate-limiting tetramer dissociation, followed by fast tertiary structural changes that enable aggregation. Amyloidogenesis of wild-type (WT) TTR causes a late-onset cardiac disease called senile systemic amyloidosis. The aggregation of one of > 80 TTR variants leads to familial amyloidosis encompassing a collection of disorders characterized by peripheral neuropathy and/or cardiomyopathy. Prominent central nervous system (CNS) impairment is rare in TTR amyloidosis. Herein, we identify a new A25T TTR variant in a Japanese patient who presented with CNS amyloidosis at age 42 and peripheral neuropathy at age 44. The A25T variant is the most destabilized and fastest dissociating TTR tetramer published to date, yet, surprising, disease onset is in the fifth decade. Quantification of A25T TTR in the serum of this heterozygote reveals low levels relative to WT, suggesting that protein concentration influences disease phenotype. Another recently characterized TTR CNS variant (D18G TTR) exhibits strictly analogous characteristics, suggesting that instability coupled with low serum concentrations is the signature of CNS pathology and protects against early-onset systemic amyloidosis. The low A25T serum concentration may be explained either by impaired secretion from the liver or by increased clearance, both scenarios consistent with A25T's low kinetic and thermodynamic stability. Liver transplantation is the only known treatment for familial amyloid polyneuropathy. This is a form of gene therapy that removes the variant protein from serum preventing systemic amyloidosis. Unfortunately, the choroid plexus would have to be resected to remove A25T from the CSF—the source of the CNS TTR amyloid. Herein we demonstrate that small-molecule tetramer stabilizers represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to inhibit A25T misfolding and CNS amyloidosis. Specifically, 2-[(3,5-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzoic acid is an excellent inhibitor of A25T TTR amyloidosis in vitro.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIOVASCULAR REFLEXES ORIGINATING FROM 5‐HT3 RECEPTORS IN THE HEART AND LUNGS OF UNANAESTHETIZED RABBITS

1. When phenylbiguanide (1‐PBG) (6.25–400 μg) was injected into the left atrium, right atrium or pulmonary artery of unanaesthetized rabbits it caused dose‐dependent falls of heart rate and arterial pressure, and short‐lived hypopnoea or apnoea. The threshold dose was 50–100 μg. Maximal falls of heart rate (86–108 beats/min) and arterial pressure (33–35 mmHg) occurred at a dose of 200 μg. The latency between injection and onset of the bradycardia was 2.2–2.6 s and did not depend on the route. Cardiac output fell transiently with heart rate, but at the time of the maximal fall of arterial pressure it had returned to normal. All effects were abolished by intrapericardial procaine. The haemodynamic effects were exaggerated by sino‐aortic barodenervation. Intrapericardial 1‐PBG (200–400 μg) was without effect. Injection of 1‐PBG (>50–100 μg) into the aortic arch caused a variable increase in heart rate and arterial pressure.
Covalently‐linked hyaluronan promotes bone formation around Ti implants in a rabbit model

The goal of this study was the in vivo evaluation of nanoporous titanium (Ti) implants bearing a covalently linked surface hyaluronan (HA) layer. Implant surface topography and surface chemistry were previously evaluated by scanning electron micorscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results showed that the surface modification process did not affect surface topography, yielding a homogeneously HA‐coated nanotextured implant surface. In vivo evaluation of implants in both cortical and trabecular bone of rabbit femurs showed a significant improvement of both bone‐to‐implant contact and bone ingrowth at HA‐bearing implant interfaces at 4 weeks. The improvement in osteointegration rate was particularly evident in the marrow‐rich trabecular bone (bone‐to‐implant contact: control 22.5%; HA‐coated 69.0%, p < 0.01). Mechanical testing (push‐out test) and evaluation of interfacial bone microhardness confirmed a faster bone maturation around HA‐coated implants (Bone Maturation Index: control 79.1%; HA‐coated 90.6%, p < 0.05). Suggestions based on the biochemical role of HA are presented to account for the observed behavior. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 657–663, 2009
EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHERS’ TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

The main aim of this research was to find out the effectiveness of teachers’ transformational leadership styles on students’ academic achievement. The objectives of the study were: to evaluate opinions of public and private sector college teachers about transformational leadership style, to assess difference of views about idealized influence, to judge difference of views about inspirational motivation, to appraise difference of views about intellectual stimulation, to consider difference of views about individual consideration and to compare relationship between teachers’ transformational leadership style and students’ academic achievement. The study involves the descriptive research methodology by using the standardized test ‘Multifactor Leadership Questionnaires’ (MLQ 5x-short) 3rd * Lecturer, Department of Education, IMCG Postgraduate, Islamabad, Pakistan edition developed by Bruce and Bernard (1994) to collect information. This questionnaire consists of two parts: the Self Rating Form, where leader/teacher rate themselves as leaders, and the Rater Form, where follower/student rates their leaders/teachers. Data was collected through personal visits to the sample comprising 605 students and 600 teachers of secondary classes in both public and private colleges. Analysis of data revealed no significant difference of opinion among public and private sector college teachers about transformational leadership style except their views on the intellectual stimulation and individual consideration. Similarly strong association was not found between the transformational leadership styles of teachers and students’ academic achievement. This means teachers of private sector colleges have awareness about ** Assistant Professor, Department of Education, NUML Islamabad, Pakistan Nighat & Sufiana 2 development of creative and critical thinking abilities of their students. The study recommends a need to create awareness among teachers in both sectors about how to perform according to set standards of the organization and to develop students’ personalities.
The RNA-Binding Protein Elavl1/HuR Is Essential for Placental Branching Morphogenesis and Embryonic Development

ABSTRACT HuR is an RNA-binding protein implicated in a diverse array of pathophysiological processes due to its effects on the posttranscriptional regulation of AU- and U-rich mRNAs. Here we reveal HuR's requirement in embryonic development through its genetic ablation. Obligatory HuR-null embryos exhibited a stage retardation phenotype and failed to survive beyond midgestation. By means of conditional transgenesis, we restricted HuR's mutation in either embryonic or endothelial compartments to demonstrate that embryonic lethality is consequent to defects in extraembryonic placenta. HuR's absence impaired the invagination of allantoic capillaries into the chorionic trophoblast layer and the differentiation of syncytiotrophoblast cells that control the morphogenesis and vascularization of the placental labyrinth and fetal support. HuR-null embryos rescued from these placental defects proceeded to subsequent developmental stages but displayed defects in skeletal ossification, fusions in limb elements, and asplenia. By coupling gene expression measurements, data meta-analysis, and HuR-RNA association assays, we identified transcription and growth factor mRNAs controlled by HuR, primarily at the posttranscriptional level, to guide morphogenesis, specification, and patterning. Collectively, our data demonstrate the dominant role of HuR in organizing gene expression programs guiding placental labyrinth morphogenesis, skeletal specification patterns, and splenic ontogeny.
Trust and privacy: How trust affects individuals' willingness to disclose personal information

Even though people regularly express concern about sharing personal information online and fear a loss of privacy, their behavior seldom matches their opinions - A phenomenon called Privacy Paradox and researched for over 20 years. Several influencing factors have been identified. A central one of these is trust, which strongly impacts the relationship between general concerns and actual behavior. This study investigates the impact of trust on the decision to disclose sensitive information online and examines the antecedents of that trust, focusing on the disposition to trust using a computerized laboratory experiment. Results indicate that dispositional trust determines the level of trust placed in the recipient of private data, especially when the person is unfamiliar with this recipient. This knowledge can be useful for business and politics in the design of marketing strategies and consumer protection policies. The study furthermore provides valuable insights on the relatedness between trust measures, which are discussed.
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Three Types of Shyness in Chinese Children and the Relation to Effortful Control

Two studies were conducted to further differentiate 3 forms of shyness previously identified in Chinese children—shyness toward strangers, anxious shyness, and regulated shyness—by examining the relation of the 3 forms of shyness to children’s inhibited behavior, physiological reactivity (measured by heart period [HP]), and effortful control. In Study 1 (N 237; M age 9.17 years), the authors examined the 3 forms of shyness in relation to children’s inhibited behavior and HP assessed in 3 conditions: at baseline, during a stranger encounter, and in a card-sorting task with social evaluative cues. Results of confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a 3-factor model of shyness. Shyness toward strangers was associated with children’s inhibition (positively) and HP (negatively) in the stranger encounter and children’s HP (negatively) in the card-sorting session, whereas anxious shyness was related to children’s inhibition (positively) and HP (negatively) in the card-sorting session. Regulated shyness was not associated with children’s inhibition in any session but was negatively related to HP in the stranger encounter session. In Study 2 (N 208; M age 6.57 years), the authors examined children’s shyness toward strangers and effortful control at age 6 years in relation to anxious and regulated shyness 2 years later. Results showed shyness toward strangers was related to regulated shyness among children with high or moderate effortful control, and shyness toward strangers was related to anxious shyness among children with low or moderate effortful control. Findings support a multidimensional view of shyness in Chinese children.
The shifting boundaries of global staffing: integrating global talent management, alternative forms of international assignments and non-employees into the discussion

Abstract Global staffing has been a key theme in research in IHRM for a number of decades. Our review confirms that it continues to be an important contemporary area of research in IHRM. In the current paper, we review three key contemporary issues in global staffing research, namely, the emergence of global talent management and potentially a more strategic approach to global mobility, specifically changing patterns of global mobility, and the emergence of the non-employees as key alternatives in the global staffing literature. The paper also charts a future research agenda in each of these areas.
Why are American Workers Getting Poorer? Estimating the Impact of Trade and Offshoring Using the CPS

Previous studies typically find small or insignificant effects of globalization on US workers. We argue that much of the impact on wages has been missed because globalization has led workers to move from higher paid manufacturing jobs to lower paid service jobs. To show this, we link industry-level data on trade and offshoring with individual-level worker data from the Current Population Surveys. Previous research focused on industry-level exposure to globalization, which we show has no significant impact on worker wages. Our new measure of occupational exposure to globalization shows significant effects of globalization on wages. Offshoring to low wage countries is associated with wage declines for US workers, and the workers most affected are those performing routine tasks. Import competition is associated with wage declines, while exports are associated with wage increases. We present evidence that globalization has led to the reallocation of workers away from higher wage manufacturing jobs into other sectors and other occupations. We estimate that occupation switching due to trade led to real wage losses of 12 to 17 percent.
Comparability of telephone and face-to-face interviews in assessing axis I and II disorders.

OBJECTIVE The present study examined the comparability of data obtained by telephone and face-to-face interviews for diagnosing axis I and II disorders. METHOD Sixty young adults from the community were interviewed face-to-face and over the telephone regarding axis I disorders; another 60 subjects were interviewed twice regarding axis II disorders. The order of interviews was counterbalanced, and subjects with a history of disorder were oversampled. Agreement between telephone and face-to-face interviews was contrasted with interrater values, which were obtained by having a second interviewer rate a recording of the original interview. RESULTS Interrater reliability was excellent. Agreement between telephone and face-to-face assessment was excellent for anxiety disorders and very good for major depressive disorder and alcohol and substance use disorders; agreement was problematic, however, for adjustment disorder with depressed mood. Strong support was shown for the validity of the axis II telephone assessment format. Small but consistent trends were noted for lower rates of psychopathology reported in the second interview. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in which telephone and face-to-face assessments of axis I and II psychopathology were conducted with the same subjects assigned to conditions in a counterbalanced manner. The present findings provide qualified justification for the use of telephone interviews to collect axis I and II data. The apparent concerns do not appear sufficient to override the economic and logistic advantages of telephone interviewing.
Developmental patterns of bilateral asymmetry in ancestral puebloans

Producing and maintaining a bilaterally symmetric phenotype throughout the lifespan is energetically demanding. Over the course of an individual's life, various intrinsic and external stressors impact the growth trajectory. These perturbations can compromise the allocation of energetic resources to processes that maintain developmental precision, potentially resulting in bilateral asymmetry (BA). Because different stressors are present during the lifespan, BA is a valuable tool for examining the unique factors impacting symmetrical growth and development. This study examines BA in paired long bones across a developmental skeletal series.
Calibration of Aboveground Forest Carbon Stock Models for Major Tropical Forests in Central Sumatra Using Airborne LiDAR and Field Measurement Data

Despite substantial policy attention, tropical forests in Southeast Asian region are releasing large amount of carbon to the atmosphere due to accelerating deforestation. Accurately determining forest statistics and characterizing aboveground forest carbon stocks (AFCSs) are always challenging in the region. In order to develop more accurate estimates of AFCS, the present study collected airborne LiDAR and field measurements data and calibrated AFCS models to estimate carbon stock in the tropical forests in central Sumatra. The study region consists of natural forests, including peat swamp, dry moist, regrowth, and mangrove, and plantation forests, including rubber, acacia, oil palm, and coconut. To cover the different forest types, 60 field plots of 1 ha in size were inventoried. Eight transects crossing these field plots were acquired to calibrate the LiDAR to AFCS models. The AFCS values for the field plots ranged from 4 to 161 Mg ha-1. General models were fitted without considering forest types, whereas a specific model was fitted for each specific forest type. Five alternative general models with different LiDAR metrics were calibrated with model performance expressed as R2 ranging from 0.73 to 0.87 and root-meansquare error (RMSE) values ranging from 17.4 to 25.0 Mg ha-1 . Seven forest-specific AFCS models were calibrated for different forest types, with R2 values ranging from 0.72 to 0.97 and RMSE values ranging from 1.4 to 10.7 Mg ha-1. The performance of each model was cross-validated by iteratively removing one data point. While forest-specific models provide better AFCS estimates, the general models are still useful when forest types are ambiguous.
Production of adeno‐associated viral vectors in insect cells using triple infection: Optimization of baculovirus concentration ratios

The production of viral vectors or virus‐like particles for gene therapy or vaccinations using the baculovirus expression system is gaining in popularity. Recently, reports of a viral vector based on adeno‐associated virus (AAV) produced in insect cells using the baculovirus expression vector system have been published. This system requires the triple infection of cells with baculovirus vectors containing the AAV gene for replication proteins (BacRep), the AAV gene for structural proteins (BacCap), and the AAV vector genome (BacITR). A statistical approach was used to investigate the multiplicities of infection of the three baculoviruses and the results were extended to the production of AAVs containing various transgenes. Highest AAV yields were obtained when BacRep and BacCap, the baculovirus vectors containing genes that code for proteins necessary for the formation of the AAV vector, were added in equal amounts at high multiplicities of infection. These combinations also resulted in the closest ratios of infectious to total AAV particles produced. Overexpression of the AAV structural proteins led to the production of empty AAV capsids, which is believed to overload the cellular machinery, preventing proper encapsidation of the AAV vector transgene, and decreased the viability of the insect cells. Delaying the input of BacCap, to reduce the amount of capsids produced, resulted in lower infectious AAV titers then when all three baculoviruses were put into the system at the same time. The amount of BacITR added to the system can be less than the other two without loss of AAV yield. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of organic modifiers on solute retention and electrokinetic migrations in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

Influences of seven organic modifiers, including urea, methanol (MeOH), dioxane (DIO), tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile (ACN), 1‐propanol (1‐PrOH) and 2‐propanol (2‐PrOH), on the solute retention and the electrokinetic migrations in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) are investigated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelle as pseudostationary phase. It is observed that in the limited concentration ranges used in the MEKC systems the effect of organic modifier concentration on the retention can be described by the equation logk'=logk'w—SC for most binary aqueous‐organic buffer, but deviations from this retention equation are observed at ACN and particularly THF as organic modifiers. With parameter S as a measure of the elutropic strength, the elutropic strength of the organic modifiers is found to follow a general order urea
Comparative Neurovirulence and Tissue Tropism of Wild-type and Attenuated Strains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Administered by Aerosol in C3H/HeN and BALB/c Mice

To assess the potential for aerosol administration of vaccines for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE), we compared the neurovirulence and tissue tropism of the wild-type Trinidad donkey (TrD) strain to those of the attenuated TC83 and V3526 strains of VEE in mice. Six to 8-week-old female C3H/HeN and BALB/c mice were aerosol exposed to one of the three VEE strains. Three mice of each strain were euthanatized at different times and their tissues were processed and stained using hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. All three viral strains infected the brains of mice and induced encephalitis. TrD spread caudally from the olfactory bulbs to all regions of the brain, caused widespread necrotizing panencephalitis by day 5, and resulted in 100% mortality (geometric mean = 7 days) in both mouse strains. By comparison, TC83 relatively spared the caudal regions of the brain but still caused 100% mortality in the C3H/HeN mice (geometric mean = 12 days), yet it did not kill any BALB/c mice. V3526 infectivity of the brain was the most limited, mainly affecting the neocortex and diencephalon. This virus was not lethal in either mouse strain. The TrD strain also infected the olfactory neuroepithelium, local lymphoid tissues, teeth, and vomeronasal organs, whereas the affinity of TC83 and V3526 outside the brain was essentially limited to the olfactory neuroepithelium. Attenuated VEE strains administered to mice by aerosol have restricted tissue tropism as compared with wild-type virus; however, even attenuated strains can infect the brain and induce encephalitis.