Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of emergency departments by elder patients: a five-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE To compare the use of emergency medical care by elders in the United States in 1995 with that previously described for 1990. METHODS A computerized billing database of 88 EDs in 21 states was retrospectively reviewed for 1995, comparing elder and nonelder patients, estimating national use of emergency medical services by elders, and comparing the 1995 data with previously published results for 1990. RESULTS From 1990 to 1995, the number of ED visits in the United States increased from 92 million to 100 million. The number of visits made by patients aged 65 years or older increased from 13,639,400 (15%) to 15,666,300 (15.7%), but this increase did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.17). The admission rate for elder ED patients increased from 32% to 46% over the five-year interval (p<0.01). This represents more than 7 million hospital admissions for elder patients in 1995. The rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission for elders decreased from 7% to 6% over the five-year interval (p = 0.56), compared with 1.3% for nonelder patients for both years. Thirty percent of elder ED patients arrived by ambulance in 1990, compared with 33% in 1995 (p = 0.02). Based on 1995 data, elders comprised 39% of patients arriving by ambulance [odds ratio (OR) 4.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.71 to 4.79], 43% of all admissions (OR 6.59, 95% CI = 6.54 to 6.64), and 47% of ICU admissions (OR 5.00, 95% CI = 4.91 to 5.09). The comparable ORs in 1990 were 4.4, 5.6, and 5.5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS From 1990 to 1995, the overall number of ED visits increased. The rate of increase was somewhat greater for elder patients. The use of ambulance services also disproportionately grew among elder patients, as did the rate of hospital admission. The overall rate of ICU admission was stable, but actually fell modestly for elder patients. Of these changes, only the increase in the rate of hospital admission for elders reached statistical significance.
Multiple time scales in brain function ( a ) Perception , action and cognition

We discuss the importance of timing in brain function: how temporal dynamics of the world has left its traces in the brain during evolution and how we can monitor the dynamics of the human brain with non-invasive measurements. Accurate timing is important for the interplay of neurons, neuronal circuitries, brain areas and human individuals. In the human brain, multiple temporal integration windows are hierarchically organized, with temporal scales ranging from microseconds to tens and hundreds of milliseconds for perceptual, motor and cognitive functions, and up to minutes, hours and even months for hormonal and mood changes. Accurate timing is impaired in several brain diseases. From the current repertoire of non-invasive brain imaging methods, only magnetoencephalography (MEG) and scalp electroencephalography (EEG) provide millisecond time-resolution; our focus in this paper is on MEG. Since the introduction of high-density whole-scalp MEG/EEG coverage in the 1990s, the instrumentation has not changed drastically; yet, novel data analyses are advancing the field rapidly by shifting the focus from the mere pinpointing of activity hotspots to seeking stimulusor task-specific information and to characterizing functional networks. During the next decades, we can expect increased spatial resolution and accuracy of the time-resolved brain imaging and better understanding of brain function, especially its temporal constraints, with the development of novel instrumentation and finer-grained, physiologically inspired generative models of local and network activity. Merging both spatial and temporal information with increasing accuracy and carrying out recordings in naturalistic conditions, including social interaction, will bring much new information about human brain function.
Implicit opinion analysis: Extraction and polarity labelling

Opinion words are crucial information for sentiment analysis. In some text, however, opinion words are absent or highly ambiguous. The resulting implicit opinions are more difficult to extract and label than explicit ones. In this paper, cutting‐edge machine‐learning approaches – deep neural network and word‐embedding – are adopted for implicit opinion mining at the snippet and clause levels. Hotel reviews written in Chinese are collected and annotated as the experimental data set. Results show the convolutional neural network models not only outperform traditional support vector machine models, but also capture hidden knowledge within the raw text. The strength of word‐embedding is also analyzed.
Genetic Tracing Shows Segregation of Taste Neuronal Circuitries for Bitter and Sweet

The recent discovery of mammalian bitter, sweet, and umami taste receptors indicates how the different taste qualities are encoded at the periphery. However, taste representations in the brain remain elusive. We used a genetic approach to visualize the neuronal circuitries of bitter and sweet tastes in mice to gain insight into how taste recognition is accomplished in the brain. By selectively expressing a transsynaptic tracer in either bitter- or sweet and/or umami-responsive taste receptor cells, and by comparing the locations of the tracer-labeled neurons in the brain, our data revealed the potential neuronal bases that underlie discrimination of bitter versus sweet.
Percutaneous ultrasound-guided arterial angiography for transarterial coil placement in anesthetized and standing horses.

OBJECTIVE To (1) describe ultrasound-guided percutaneous introduction of a transarterial angiographic catheter into the common carotid artery (CCA); (2) investigate the feasibility of using angiography of the carotid arteries in the guttural pouch region and assess transarterial coil (TAC) placement into the internal carotid artery (ICA). STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS Healthy Standardbred horses (n = 6), aged 5-8 years. METHODS Six horses had ultrasound-guided percutaneous CCA catheterization and angiography under general anesthesia. Catheterization sites were ultrasonographically evaluated postoperatively. Ten weeks later using the same horses sedated and standing, the same procedure was combined with placement of a TAC in the ICA. RESULTS Agitated contrast ultrasonography confirmed successful catheterization of the CCA. Needle puncture and introducer-set penetration of the CCA were the main technical difficulties. Radiography and fluoroscopy confirmed successful angiography and TAC placement. Mild hematoma formation was recorded in 4 of 12 procedures. CONCLUSION Angiography and TCA placement in the ICA can be safely performed using a percutaneous approach to the CCA under ultrasound guidance, in standing or anesthetized horses. This approach might be used for TAC embolization procedure; however, technical difficulties and hematoma formation can impair the procedure.
Sleep problems in out-patient of primary care unit.

OBJECTIVE The prevalence and factors associated with sleep problems among out-patients of the Family Medicine Department in Ramathibodi Hospital were evaluated and their management was assessed. MATERIAL AND METHOD Descriptive study, out-patients in family medicine clinic (n = 512) were selected by stratified random sampling. Sleep problems during the previous month were assessed by using questionnaires. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was assessed by Epworth sleepiness scale. The medical records of 45 patients with habitual insomnia during the previous 6 months were retrieved to study its management. The data were analyzed by Chi-square, Odds ratio, 95% Confident Interval and binary logistic regression. RESULTS Half of the subjects (50.4%) had chronic diseases. Age range was 20-78 years old and 69.9% were female. Insomnia distributed almost equally in all age groups. Approximately 57.9% and 19.5% of the subjects reported insomnia and sleepiness. One fourth of the participants (24.7%) had snored and this was more often in men than women (OR 1.7). Anxiety score, female, and perception of their illness and disease were strong factors associated with insomnia. Most of them (71.1%) did not consult their doctors despite having habitual insomnia. From medical records reviewed, only one fourth of them (28.9% and 26.7%) were recorded about the insomnia and the prescriptions. CONCLUSION More than half of the out-patients in primary care had sleep problems, especially insomnia, and excessive daytime sleepiness, but few of them consulted their doctors. This problem should not be overlooked Psychological problems and anxiety with their illness were associated with insomnia. Therefore, exploring and understanding their problems are important issues to manage and render advice for their quality sleep.
The characteristics of various men's tennis doubles scoring systems

In recent times a range of best of five and best of three sets tennis scoring systems has been used for elite men’s doubles events. These scoring system structures include advantage sets, tie-break sets, match tie-breaks, tie-break games, advantage games and no-ad games. Several tournament organizers, tennis administrators, players and ATP Tour representatives are interested in comparing the characteristics of these various scoring systems. These characteristics include such things as the likelihood of each pair winning, and the mean, the variance, and the ‘tails’ of the distribution of the number of points played under the various systems. In this paper these characteristics and the distribution of the number of points in a match are determined for these various doubles scoring systems at parameter values that are relevant for elite men’s doubles. Advantage games and no-ad games, both approved alternatives within the rules of tennis, are considered, as is the ‘50-40’ game.
Ericksonian Hypnosis: A Review Of the Empirical Data

and valid clinical tool used by a wide variety of health care professionals. Since the 18 century, hypnosis has been practiced in varying styles and approach, from Anton Mesmer's use of his own perceived animal magnetism, to Sigmund Freud's authoritarian and directive style, to that of Milton Erickson's flexible and utilitarian approach. As practiced by Freud and others in the last century, hypnosis was used as a treatment modality for symptom removal or relief. As Kirsch, Lynn, Rhue (1) indicated, hypnosis, in its current use, is practiced not as an exclusive treatment modality but rather as an adjunct to some other form of psychotherapy. An important question prior to considering the specific claims of Ericksonian hypnotherapy is whether hypnosis as a clinical intervention enhances the effectiveness of treatment. Kirsch et al (2) concluded that the effect of adding hypnosis to psychotherapy is substantial, and was found to be particularly useful in the treatment of obesity, especially at long-term follow-up intervals where the effect of losing weight remained. Thus, in the most general of statements, hypnosis as an ancillary form of treatment is effective. Given these data, two basic questions become relevant: (1) How effective is a given approach to hypnosis as compared to other approaches? ; and (2) What elements within a given approach are central to its effectiveness? The Influence of Milton Erickson
Exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma-associated LOXL1 variations are not involved in pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma

Purpose Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LOXL1 gene have been implicated in exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG). We have shown that these SNPs are not associated with the primary glaucomas such as primary open-angle (POAG) glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). To further establish the specificity of LOXL1 SNPs for XFS and XFG, we determined whether these SNPs were involved in pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) and pigmentary glaucoma (PG). Methods Three SNPs of LOXL1 (rs1048661, rs3825942, and rs2165241) were screened in a cohort of 78 unrelated and clinically well characterized glaucoma cases comprising of PG (n=44) and PDS (n=34) patients as well as 108 ethnically matched normal controls of Caucasian origin. The criteria for diagnosis of PDS/PG were Krukenberg spindle, hyperpigmentation of the trabecular meshwork, and wide open angle. Transillumination defects were detected by infrared pupillography, and the presence of a Zentmayer ring was considered as a confirmatory sign. All three SNPs were genotyped in cases and controls by resequencing the genomic region of LOXL1 harboring these variants and were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction digestions. Haplotypes were generated from the genotype data, and the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis were done with Haploview software that uses the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Results The LOXL1 SNPs showed no significant association with PDS or PG. There was no significant difference in the frequencies of the risk alleles of rs1048661 (‘G’ allele; p=0.309), rs3825942 (‘G’ allele’ p=0.461), and rs2165241 (‘T’ allele; p=0.432) between PG/PDS cases and controls. Similarly, there was no involvement of the XFS/XFG-associated haplotypes, ‘G-G’ (p=0.643; [OR=1.08, 95%CI, 0.59–1.97]) and ‘T-G’ (p=0.266; [OR=1.35, 95%CI, 0.70–2.60]), with the PDS/PG phenotypes. The risk haplotype ‘G-G’ was observed in ~55% of the normal controls. Conclusions There was no involvement of the LOXL1 SNPs in patients with PDS and PG. The results further indicate that the associations of these SNPs are specific to XFS/XFG.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage in patients ⩾75 years: clinical course, treatment and outcome

Background: The number of elderly patients being admitted with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has been increasing. Treatment of the aneurysm may be offset by the higher rate of surgical or endovascular complications. Aim: To study the clinical condition at onset, complications during clinical course, treatment and outcome in a consecutive series of elderly patients. Methods: Patients who were ⩾75 years at the onset of SAH were selected from the databases of two hospitals. Data on clinical condition at onset (poor condition defined as World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) Scale IV and V), clinical course, treatment and outcome were extracted. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were carried out to identify predictors for in-hospital death and poor outcome, defined as death or dependency. Results: The data of 170 patients were retrieved, of whom 25 (15%) patients were independent at discharge; none of these patients had been admitted in a poor condition. Poor clinical condition on admission (odds ratio (OR) 7.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.7 to 17) and recurrent haemorrhage (OR 7.5; 95% CI 2.5 to 23) were the strongest predictors for in-hospital death. Recurrent haemorrhage was the strongest predictor for poor outcome in the subset of patients who were admitted in good clinical condition. In all, 10 of 47 (21%) patients were independent at discharge after neurosurgical clipping (n = 34) or endovascular coiling (n = 13). Conclusion: Elderly patients with SAH have a poor prognosis. The effect of the initial haemorrhage is the most common reason for poor outcome. For patients who are admitted in good clinical condition, the most important complication leading to poor outcome is recurrent haemorrhage. Treatment of the aneurysm in patients ⩾75 years is feasible, may improve the outcome and should be strongly considered in patients who are admitted in a good condition.
What do education students value in primary mathematics curriculum

In this paper the priorities that second year education students hold for primary mathematics content and student learning are presented. Data were collected from students who participated in a tutorial task that was used to engage students in discussion about primary mathematics curriculum. The data were collected annually for four years. Reflections about the mathematics subjects in the course are made within the context of current research and mathematics curriculum policy. Inferences are drawn about education students’ beliefs.
One-year outcomes of left main coronary artery stenting in patients with cardiogenic shock.

BACKGROUND The high in-hospital mortality of patients with cardiogenic shock is being reduced thanks to coronary interventions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of angioplasty and stenting in patients with cardiogenic shock caused by left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease. METHODS A group of 71 consecutive patients managed for LMCA disease in an emergency setting (38 patients in cardiogenic shock and 33 without shock symptoms) were followed up clinically and angiographically for one year. Periprocedural and late mortality was assessed as well as the incidence of restenosis and coronary re-interventions. RESULTS There were 17 deaths in the study population (23.9%). One-year survival in the subgroup with cardiogenic shock was 57.9% (22 patients) with 15 periprocedural deaths and 1 death 3 months after the procedure. Restenosis and associated target lesion revascularization were documented in 5 patients (29.4%) with and 4 patients (16.0%) without cardiogenic shock. Multivariate analysis revealed the following independent predictors of cardiogenic shock in patients undergoing emergency LMCA angioplasty: STEMI as the reason for intervention (OR 14.1; 95% CI 3.71-53.7; p < 0.0002) and a small minimal lumen diameter before the procedure (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.2-0.93; p < 0.04). The only independent predictor of the death in patients with cardiogenic shock was a small minimal lumen diameter after the procedure (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.1-0.99, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High mortality was observed in the study population, especially in the subgroup with cardiogenic shock. Most deaths were periprocedural. Because of the high rate of restenosis, periodical angiographic follow-up is necessary, preferably twice in the first 6 months after stent implantation. (Cardiol J 2007; 14: 67-75).
A Constructive Proof of Coherence for Symmetric Monoidal Categories Using Rewriting

A symmetric monoidal category is a category equipped with an associative and commutative (binary) product and an object which is the unit for the product. In fact, those properties only hold up to natural isomorphisms which satisfy some coherence conditions. The coherence theorem asserts the commutativity of all linear diagrams involving the left and right unitors, the associator and the braiding. We prove the coherence for symmetric monoidal categories using a homotopical method based on rewriting. For that scope, we detail the con vergence proof of Lafont's string diagram rewriting system which presents the isomorphisms of these theories.
Efficacy, safety and the routine use of first generation SADs in paediatric practice

We read Montague and Halloran’s response [1] to our letter in Anaesthesia [2] regarding abandonment of 1st generation supraglottic airway devices (SADs). It is interesting that both this and a previous letter of response [3] relate to paediatric practice. We agree with much of what Montague and Holloran write, but were surprised after their balanced arguments that they did not conclude that 2nd generation devices are superior, as we have in our practice. Montague and Holloran point out that much of the SAD literature focuses on oropharyngeal leak pressure as a marker of superiority between SADs. We agree that this is problematic. As we have pointed out elsewhere [4], a major problem with much of current SAD airway research is that small studies are powered to explore differences in efficacy (airway seal, first-time insertion success), while most of the clinical decisions around whether to use a SAD or a tracheal tube, or indeed which SAD to use, are based around safety. Unless studies are large enough to collect data on important safety outcomes such as overall failure rates, complications and aspiration, it is likely that clinicians will need to extrapolate beyond the evidence derived from randomised controlled trials. In this regard, database studies [5] and registries [6] may well provide better evidence to support safety-based studies. Regarding choice of SAD by paediatric anaesthetists, the survey that Montague and Holloran quote reported that 82% of the surveyed paediatric anaesthetists would use a 1st generation SAD routinely [7]. They also reported the reasons why these anaesthetists used the device they did 50% used ‘what they were given’ and 16% factored in cost. Only 11% reported using ‘evidence from research’ in choosing their SAD: a rather disappointing statistic. Montague and Holloran argue for ‘continued use of the classic LMA in paediatric anaesthesia, with 2nd generation SAD use being an essential skill to master but being the default device only for the welltrained’. We would suggest that the current evidence shows many devices are effective, meaning that our choice should be the safest for our patients. Second generation devices are (by definition [8]) designed to reduce the risk of aspiration, and current evidence reports them to have higher efficacy and performance features that make displacement and aspiration less likely. There is, therefore, a logical argument for routine training in and use of 2nd generation SADs in paediatric (and adult) practice. Working in a district general hospital, we anaesthetise both adults and children, and are able to use lessons learned in adult airway management to improve paediatric airway management. Second generation SADs are now considered by many to be superior to first generation devices in adult anaesthesia, being included in the most recent Difficult Airway Society (DAS) guidelines [9], and we feel that use of such airways in paediatric practice, following appropriate training, would contribute to improved safety.
Use of a vascular reconstruction device to salvage acute ischemic occlusions refractory to traditional endovascular recanalization methods.

OBJECT Acute revascularization has been associated with improved stroke outcomes. The Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism (PROACT II) trial achieved recanalization rates of 66%. The Multi Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia (Multi MERCI) trial achieved recanalization in 70% of patients. However, these interventional tools are not always successful. The Enterprise vascular reconstruction device was recently introduced for treatment of cerebral aneurysms previously untreatable with endovascular techniques. The authors evaluated a multicenter experience using this stent as a salvage revascularization tool for acute stroke treatment. METHODS Four medical centers participated in a retrospective review of endovascularly treated patients with acute stroke for cases treated with the Enterprise stent after routine interventions had been unsuccessful. Data collected included preprocedure information, intraprocedure findings, and outcomes. RESULTS Twenty patients with acute stroke (mean age 61.6 +/- 22 years) were treated with the Enterprise stent. Ten patients received intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator before catheter intervention, without improvement. Intraarterial interventions attempted unsuccessfully before Enterprise deployment included the Merci retriever (12 patients), angioplasty (7 patients), glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitor administration (12 patients), intraarterial nitroglycerin (1 patient), Wingspan stent deployment (3 patients), and Xpert stent deployment (1 patient). The mean preintervention National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 17 +/- 6 (median 17). All patients presented with a Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score of 0 or 1. Revascularization was achieved in all patients (75% with a TIMI score of 3, 25% with a TIMI score of 2). Improvement (> or = 4 points on the NIHSS) was documented in 75% of patients. Mean NIHSS improvement from intervention to discharge was 8 +/- 7 points (median 9 points). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data suggest a potential benefit to the use of the Enterprise stent when routine intervention methods fail.