Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adjustment of equations to predict the metabolizable energy of corn for meat type quails

A determinacao da energia metabolizavel (EM) de alimentos utilizados em dietas para codornas de corte, por meio de ensaios de metabolismo, demanda tempo, infraestrutura e recursos financeiros, o que torna interessante o desenvolvimento de equacoes de predicao da EM baseadas na composicao proximal dos alimentos.Objetivou-se com este trabalho ajustar equacoes de predicao dos valores de EM do milho para codornas de corte.Foi determinada a composicao quimica de 12 diferentes cultivares de milho e realizado um ensaio de metabolismo, com estas cultivares, para determinacao da EM aparente (EMA) e EMA corrigida para balanco de nitrogenio (EMAn). De posse da composicao quimica, e dos valores de EMA e EMAn, convertidos para a materia seca, procedeu-se com o ajuste das equacoes de predicao.O ajuste inicial dos modelos de regressao linear simples e multipla, dos dados de EMA e EMAn, foi realizado utilizando-se os valores de proteina bruta (PB), extrato etereo (EE), fibras em detergentes neutro (FDN) e acido (FDA), materia mineral (MM), calcio (Ca) e fosforo (P) como regressoras (modelo completo). Para o ajustamento das equacoes de predicao, dos valores de EMA e EMAn, foi utilizado o procedimento de regressao linear simples e multipla, por meio da tecnica de eliminacao indireta (Backward). Houve ajustamento de 10 equacoes de predicao da EM do milho, sendo 5 para EMA e 5 para EMAn, cujos valores de R² variaram de 0,20 a 0,75 e de 0,21 a 0,78, respectivamente.Em todas as equacoes ajustadas observou-se correlacao negativa para a materia mineral, o que pode estar associado ao seu efeito diluente da energia bruta contida nos milhos.Conclui-se que as equacoes que apresentaram melhor ajustamento foram EMA = 5605,46 - 385,074PB + 111,648EE + 48,1133FDN + 303,924FDA - 929,931MM (R² = 0,75) e EMAn = 5878,16 - 403,937PB + 81,9618EE + 41,8954FDN + 303,506FDA - 901,621MM (R² = 0,78).
Estudo das alterações relacionadas com a idade na pele humana, utilizando métodos de histo-morfometria e autofluorescência

FUNDAMENTOS: O processo de envelhecimento tecidual e evidente nas modificacoes visiveis na pele, resultando em importantes implicacoes psicologicas para o individuo e crescente interesse cientifico. OBJETIVOS: O presente trabalho objetivou analisar as alteracoes da pele normal com o envelhecimento mediante estrategias de histomorfometria e autofluorescencia. METODOS: Foram coletadas amostras de pele do abdomen de 18 cadaveres, incluindo cinco individuos jovens (menos de 20 anos), sete individuos com idade intermediaria (20-60 anos) e seis individuos idosos (mais de 60 anos). Foram feitos cortes histologicos em parafina seguidos de coloracao pela Hematoxilina-Eosina (H&E) e pelo tricromio de Van Gieson-elastina. Avaliaram-se a espessura da epiderme e derme, e a superficie de contato epidermo-dermica. Investigaram-se ainda as modificacoes qualitativas do aparelho colageno-elastico, considerando sua disposicao espacial na derme. Especimes corados em H&E tambem foram utilizados para autofluorescencia. RESULTADOS: A espessura da epiderme e derme do grupo idoso foi significativamente diminuida (p<0,05) em relacao aos demais grupos. Os grupos idoso e intermediario exibiram acentuada reducao na superficie de contato epiderme-derme (p<0,05). Detectaram-se a perda da distribuicao em rede das fibras elasticas com sua progressiva fragmentacao, alteracoes da compactacao do colageno e espessamento da membrana basal com o envelhecimento. CONCLUSAO: O envelhecimento leva a reducao da espessura da derme e epiderme, bem como ao aplanamento da juncao dermo-epidermica. As mudancas da pele ao longo da vida nem sempre seguem um perfil linear, mostrando drasticas alteracoes nas ultimas decadas de vida. O metodo de autofluorescencia mostrou-se um instrumento valioso no estudo da complexa relacao espacial das fibras elasticas e colagenas.
The latest Villafranchian - early Galerian small dogs of the Mediterranean area

Abstract. This paper reports some preliminary results of the study of the latest Villafran­ chian early and middle Galerian (latest Early Pleistocene and Middle Pleistocene) small sized fossil dogs from several European localities at Mediterranean latitudes and in Israel. The systematic position of these dogs is still doubtful, and they are therefore provisionally referred to Canis cf. arnensis or Canis aff. arnensis (advanced form). This latter dog probably represents a new species, for the definition of which we await further compa­ risons with the northern species. At present we do not exclude the possibility that at the transition Early-Middle Pleistocene, at least two different phyletic lineages were present, both paralleling wolf morphologies; one in the Mediterranean region, represented by Canis arnensis, the second in north and central Eurasia, represented by Canis etruscus, which gave rise to Canis mosbachensis. At the end of the Middle Pleistocene Canis lupus dispersed in Eurasia.
Manipulating basic characteristics of the Rapid Automatized Naming task in search for its most reliable connections to reading performance

Introduction. Connections between Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) task performance and reading are well documented. Primary empirical studies and meta-analyses established and described associations between specific RAN subtasks and reading outcomes. The cognitive nature of these associations, however, remains largely underexplored. This study attempts to address the issue by explicitly manipulating some critical characteristics of the RAN task (stimuli types, combinations, and familiarity) and conditions of its administration (attention demand) in search for factors that affect RAN performance and underlie its connections to reading competencies. Method. Ten modified RAN subtasks were created by manipulating type and familiarity of the stimuli, size of the stimuli source set, and demand to attention (cognitive controlled processing), involved in RAN performance. Measures of ballistic and efficiency-based automaticity, attention control, and reading rate were collected and analyzed using, ANOVA – with respect to performance on modified RAN subtasks, and correlational and multiple regression analyses – to address interrelations among major independent variables and their connections to reading rate. Results. The study found differential sensitivity of the RAN performance to the explored experimental manipulations. Specifically, significant main effects on naming speed were observed for stimuli type, stimuli familiarity and attention demand. RAN performance on most of the modified subtasks (seven out of ten) was significantly correlated with the measure of attention control, whereas only one correlation between RAN and measures of automaticity was statistically significant. Findings of multiple regression analyses confirmed this pattern of results. Attention factor explained substantially larger portion of variance in performance on modified RAN than both indices of automaticity combined. Reading rate was significantly correlated with bigram-based RAN (supposedly reflecting practice), and its correlations with other modified subtasks were higher for the elevated attention demand conditions, in one case exceeding significance level. Discussion. Understanding the cognitive nature of RAN is important for informing instructional practice of what reading skills might require special attention. This study explored specific conditions to which RAN performance may be especially sensitive. Modified RAN subtasks were markedly influenced by experimental manipulations, especially with regard to attention demand, indicating that attention, more than automaticity, could be a factor underlying naming speed as a predictor of reading.
GMM estimation of panel data models with time-varying slope coefficients

ABSTRACT A difference/system generalized method of moments (GMM) model that imposes time-constant coefficients is common in empirical studies using panel data. However, a rejection by the Sargan–Hansen test is sometimes a serious concern for researchers. We highlight the fact that the Sargan–Hansen test for GMM estimators applied to panel data is a joint test of valid orthogonality conditions and coefficient stability over time. A possible reason for a rejection is therefore that the slope coefficients vary over time. One solution is to estimate an empirical model in which the coefficients are time specific. We apply this solution to the system GMM estimator of simple nondynamic Cobb–Douglas production functions for a selection of Swedish industries and find that relaxing the assumption of constant slope coefficients results in more satisfactory outcomes of the Sargan–Hansen test.
Vegetation of Ironbark Nature Reserve and Bornhardtia Voluntary Conservation Agreement , Northern Tablelands , New South Wales

The vegetation of Ironbark Nature Reserve (1603 ha) and Bornhardtia Voluntary Conservation Agreement (704 ha), 75 km north west of Armidale, 30 km north east of Barraba (30°19’S, 150°53’E) in the Barraba Shire, in the Northern Tablelands Bioregion NSW, is described. Eleven communities are defined based on flexible UPGMA analysis of coverabundance scores of all vascular plant taxa. These communities are mapped based on ground truthing, air photo interpretation and substrate. All communities are simple in structure being primarily of woodlands or shrublands. Communities described are: (1) Eucalyptus macrorhyncha (Red Stringybark) – Eucalyptus blakelyi (Red Gum) Woodlands, (2) Eucalyptus caleyi (Caley’s Ironbark) – Eucalyptus andrewsii (Western New England Blackbutt) Woodlands, (3) Eucalyptus prava (Orange Gum) – Eucalyptus andrewsii (Western New England Blackbutt) Woodlands, (4) Eucalyptus dealbata (Tumbledown Gum) – Eucalyptus caleyi (Caley’s Ironbark) Woodlands, (5) Eucalyptus prava (Orange Gum) – Eucalyptus blakelyi (Red Gum) Woodlands, (6) Eucalyptus quinniorum (Quinn’s Gum) – Eucalyptus prava (Orange Gum) Forests, (7) Angophora floribunda (Rough-barked Apple) – Eucalyptus blakelyi (Red Gum) Woodlands, (8) Casuarina cunninghamiana (River Oak) – Eucalyptus blakelyi (Red Gum) – Angophora floribunda (Apple) Forests, (9) Calytrix tetragona (Fringe Myrtle) – Ozothamnus obcordatus (Daisy Bush) Open Shrublands, (10) Homoranthus bornhardtiensis Open Shrublands and (11) Leptospermum polygalifolium (Tea-tree) Wetland. All communities described here are inadequately represented in the conservation network with one (White-Box – YellowBox – Blakely’s Red Gum Woodland) listed as endangered on the NSW TSC Act. Both conservation areas and neighbouring parcels of land contain extensive areas of little disturbed high quality ‘old growth’. 38 species are of conservation significance of which one is listed as Vulnerable and one Endangered on the NSW TSC Act. The broader remnant is under increasing pressure for clearing for grazing production and the combined area of both reserves is considered to be inadequate to protect the significant features of the local region. Cunninghamia (2003) 8(1): 93–110
Polaronic contributions to oxidation and hole conductivity in acceptor-doped BaZrO3

Acceptor-doped perovskite oxides like BaZrO3 are showing great potential as materials for renewable energy technologies where hydrogen acts an energy carrier, such as solid oxide fuel cells and hydrogen separation membranes. While ionic transport in these materials has been investigated intensively, the electronic counterpart has received much less attention and further exploration in this field is required. Here, we use density functional theory (DFT) to study hole polarons and their impact on hole conductivity in Y-doped BaZrO3. Three different approaches have been used to remedy the self-interaction error of local and semilocal exchange-correlation functionals: DFT + U, pSIC-DFT, and hybrid functionals. Self-trapped holes are found to be energetically favorable by about -0.1 eV and the presence of yttrium results in further stabilization. Polaron migration is predicted to occur through intraoctahedral transfer and polaron rotational processes, which are associated with adiabatic barriers of about 0.1 eV. However, the rather small energies associated with polaron formation and migration suggest that the hole becomes delocalized and bandlike at elevated temperatures. These results together with an endothermic oxidation reaction [A. Lindman, P. Erhart, and G. Wahnstrom, Phys. Rev. B 91, 245114 (2015)] yield a picture that is consistent with experimental data for the hole conductivity. The results we present here provide new insight into hole transport in acceptor-doped BaZrO3 and similar materials, which will be of value in the future development of sustainable technologies.
How the Foster Care System Impacts Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 3 INTRODUCTION . 4 LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 Defining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy . 7 History of CBT and Significance . 7 Efficacy of TF-CBT in the General Population . 13 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Foster Care . 17 Foster Parent Situation . 18 Incidence of Maltreatment in Foster Children . 21 Significance of the Study in the Fields of Psychology and Social Work . 22 REFLECTIONS ON CLINICAL WORK . 24 DISCUSSION . 45 CONCLUSION . 49 References . 52 HOW FOSTER CARE SYSTEM IMPACTS COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
Effect of pollination mode on progeny of Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense : Implications for conservation and breeding

Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense, a perennial grass native to Africa, is adapted to a wide range of soil and climatic conditions with potential to be used as forage in tropical and semi-arid regions around the world. Our objective was to understand how the pollination mode affects viable seed production and further survival of the progeny. We evaluated self- and open-pollinated progenies from different accessions by measuring the seed production of the parents and their germination performance, germination rate and seedling survival. Parents and progeny were also fingerprinted with Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). Progeny produced through open-pollination resulted in significantly more filled seeds and superior seedling survival than self-pollination. These results indicate that accessions studied here rely heavily on cross-pollination, whereas the contribution of self-pollinated offspring to the population is likely to be low. SSR profiles showed that, on average, 85% of the progeny (arising from cross-pollination) possessed paternal specific markers and 100% of them were genetically different from the maternal genotype. All plants examined had 4x = 36 chromosomes. Overall, our findings indicate that var. makarikariense is able to generate highly polymorphic progeny through segregation and recombination. This study provides reference information for the formulation of appropriate strategies for pasture germplasm management, conservation and development of breeding programs.
Constraints on water transport posed by xylem embolism: implications for drought and frost resistance in woody plants

The vulnerability of Larrea tridentata to freezinginduced xylem embolism was studied in a Chihuahuan desert population (central New Mexico, USA). In the field we measured wood, air and soil temperatures, soil and leaf water potentials, and native embolism in roots and branches. These measurements were combined with anatomical studies and laboratory experiments in which an insulated chamber attached to a temperature bath was used to freeze stem and root samples under controlled conditions. We compared our results with the measurements by Pockman & Sperry (1997) in a Sonoran desert population of L. tridentata. The comparison showed that although the Chihuahuan population was slightly more resistant to freezing-induced xylem embolism, the impact of freezing was also greater in this population because of the much lower temperatures. This result agrees with the observation of ca. 50% stem mortality in the population studied, and suggests that low temperatures contribute to limit the present distribution of L. tridentata in central New Mexico. Within plants, stems were more limited by freezing than roots, as opposed to what happens with drought-induced embolism. Our laboratory experiments corroborated the findings by Pockman & Sperry (1997) regarding the existence of a relationship between minimum freezing temperature and % embolism. The correlation observed between the area of the low temperature exotherms produced during the freezing treatments and the resulting % embolism strongly suggested that the freezing of water inside parenchyma cells was associated with the occurrence of xylem embolism. This finding adds to the existing evidence supporting an active role of living cells in long-distance water transport. 2. Freezing-induced xylem embolism in Larrea tridentata 28
Photochemical aging of aerosol particles in different air masses arriving at Baengnyeong Island, Korea

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles are a serious health risk, especially in regions like East Asia. We investigated the photochemical aging of ambient aerosols using a potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor at Baengnyeong Island in the Yellow Sea during 4–12 August 2011. The size distributions and chemical compositions of aerosol particles were measured alternately every 6 min from the ambient air or through the highly oxidizing environment of a potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor. Particle size and chemical composition were measured by using the combination of a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). Inside the PAM reactor, O3 and OH levels were equivalent to 4.6 days of integrated OH exposure at typical atmospheric conditions. Two types of air masses were distinguished on the basis of the chemical composition and the degree of aging: air transported from China, which was more aged with a higher sulfate concentration and O : C ratio, and the air transported across the Korean Peninsula, which was less aged with more organics than sulfate and a lower O : C ratio. For both episodes, the particulate sulfate mass concentration increased in the 200–400 nm size range when sampled through the PAM reactor. A decrease in organics was responsible for the loss of mass concentration in 100–200 nm particles when sampled through the PAM reactor for the organics-dominated episode. This loss was especially evident for the m∕z 43 component, which represents less oxidized organics. The m∕z 44 component, which represents further oxidized organics, increased with a shift toward larger sizes for both episodes. It is not possible to quantify the maximum possible organic mass concentration for either episode because only one OH exposure of 4.6 days was used, but it is clear that SO2 was a primary precursor of secondary aerosol in northeast Asia, especially during long-range transport from China. In addition, inorganic nitrate evaporated in the PAM reactor as sulfate was added to the particles. These results suggest that the chemical composition of aerosols and their degree of photochemical aging, particularly for organics, are also crucial in determining aerosol mass concentrations.
Penalization versus Goldenshluger-Lepski strategies in warped bases regression

This paper deals with the problem of estimating a regression function f , in a random design framework. We build and study two adaptive estimators based on model selection, applied with warped bases. We start with a collection of finite dimensional linear spaces, spanned by orthonormal bases. Instead of expanding directly the target function f on these bases, we rather consider the expansion of h = f ∘ G -1 , where G is the cumulative distribution function of the design, following Kerkyacharian and Picard [Bernoulli 10 (2004) 1053–1105]. The data-driven selection of the (best) space is done with two strategies: we use both a penalization version of a “warped contrast”, and a model selection device in the spirit of Goldenshluger and Lepski [Ann. Stat. 39 (2011) 1608–1632]. We propose by these methods two functions, ĥ l (l = 1, 2), easier to compute than least-squares estimators. We establish nonasymptotic mean-squared integrated risk bounds for the resulting estimators, if G is known, or (l = 1,2) otherwise, where Ĝ is the empirical distribution function. We study also adaptive properties, in case the regression function belongs to a Besov or Sobolev space, and compare the theoretical and practical performances of the two selection rules.
The Effects of Biotelemetry Transmitter Presence and Attachment Procedures on Fish Physiology and Behavior

Biotelemetry—the process of conveying data from a transmitter-attached animal to a data collection site—has received increasing awareness from fisheries researchers. Prior to biotelemetry data collection, it is imperative that researchers are aware of and understand the possible effects that transmitter presence and attachment procedures may have on ‘normal’ fish behavior and physiology. To allow successful transmitter attachment, numerous methods to anesthetize the study fish, with varied impact and effectiveness, may be employed. Following anesthetization, three standard methods of transmitter attachment have been developed—external attachment, intragastric insertion, and surgical implantation. Although each method has advantages and disadvantages, their success largely depends on factors such as the species, environment, fish and transmitter size, and duration of the telemetry study. Additionally, each method of attachment can affect experimental fish physiology and behavior in varying ways. After describing each of the transmitter attachment procedures, we review the effects of transmitter presence and attachment procedure on fish physiology and behavior, with special focus on implications to aquaculture and fisheries related studies.
One-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam lasers on a flexible substrate

We demonstrate a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity laser composed of hybrid PhC mirrors on a suspended nanobeam (NB) with very small device footprint of 8.5 × 0.57 μm2. The 0th-order mode lasing action with low threshold of 280 μW is observed. Via the optical glue stamping process, the devices are directly transferred onto a flexible polypropylene substrate. Single mode lasing action with effective threshold of 17 μW is achieved. The robust lasing properties of the device with different bending radii R from ∞ to 2.5 mm are obtained. Via finite-element method, we also theoretically address that the lasing wavelength is almost invariant when R > 1.0 mm. This flexible 1D PhC NB laser will be a good candidate for efficient nanolaser in future flexible photonic integrated circuits with ultrahigh component density.