Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type Ia supernova diversity: white dwarf central density as a secondary parameter in three-dimensional delayed detonation models

Delayed detonations of Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarfs (WDs) have been very successful in explaining the spectra, light curves, and the width-luminosity relation of spectroscopically normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The ignition of the thermonuclear deflagration flame at the end of the convective carbon “simmering” phase in the core of the WD is still not well understood and much about the ignition kernel distribution remains unknown. Furthermore, the central density at the time of ignition depends on the still uncertain screened carbon fusion reaction rates, the accretion history and cooling time of the progenitor, and the composition. We present the results of twelve high-resolution three-dimensional delayed detonation SN Ia explosion simulations that employ a new criterion to trigger the deflagration to detonation transition (DDT). The simulations fall into into three ignition categories: relatively bright SNe with 5 ignition kernels and a weak deflagration phase (three different central densities), relatively dim SNe with 1600 ignition kernels and a strong deflagration phase (three different central densities) and intermediate SNe with 200 ignition kernels (six different central densities). All simulations trigger our DDT criterion and the resulting delayed detonations unbind the star. We find a trend of increasing iron group element (IGE) production with increasing central density for all three categories. The total 56 Ni yield, however, remains more or less constant, even though increased electron captures at high density result in a decreasing 56 Ni mass fraction of the IGE material. We attribute this to an approximate balance of 56 Ni producing and destroying effects. The deflagrations that were ignited at higher density initially have a faster growth rate of subgrid-scale turbulence. Hence, the effective flame speed increases faster, which triggers the DDT criterion earlier, at a time when the central density of the expanded star is higher. This leads to an overall increase of IGE production, which off-sets the percental reduction of 56 Ni due to neutronization.
A CATALOG OF 1.5273 μm DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS BASED ON APOGEE HOT TELLURIC CALIBRATORS

High resolution stellar spectroscopic surveys provide massive amounts of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) measurements. Data can be used to study the distribution of the DIB carriers and those environmental conditions that favor their formation. In parallel, recent studies have also proved that DIBs extracted from stellar spectra constitute new tools for building the 3D structure of the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM). The amount of details on the structure depends directly on the quantity of available lines of sight. Therefore there is a need to construct databases of high-quality DIB measurements as large as possible. We aim at providing the community with a catalog of high-quality measurements of the 1.5273 μm DIB toward a large fraction of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) hot stars observed to correct for the telluric absorption and not used for ISM studies so far. This catalog would complement the extensive database recently extracted from the APOGEE observations and used for 3D ISM mapping. We devised a method to fit the stellar continuum of the hot calibration stars and extracted the DIB from the normalized spectrum. Severe selection criteria based on the absorption characteristics are applied to the results. In particular limiting constraints on the DIB widths and Doppler shifts are deduced from the H i 21 cm measurements, following a new technique of decomposition of the emission spectra. From ∼16,000 available hot telluric spectra we have extracted ∼6700 DIB measurements and their associated uncertainties. The statistical properties of the extracted absorptions are examined and our selection criteria are shown to provide a robust dataset. The resulting catalog contains the DIB total equivalent widths, central wavelengths and widths. We briefly illustrate its potential use for the stellar and interstellar communities.
Amelioration of drought stress in black matpe bean (Vigna mungo L.) by foliar application of potassiu

Growth, physiological and biochemical activities of black matpe bean grown in pot cultures were evaluated to recognize the ameliorative role of potassium against the deleterious effects of water deficit. Black matpe plants were subjected to four levels of water stress (400 ml, 200 ml, 100 ml and 50 ml). The control plants were supplied with 500 ml of water at regular intervals. Potassium was applied in form of 200 ppm KCl and KNO3. Plants were under observation starting from 25 upto 55 days of plant growth at 10-day interval for each treatment. Water deficit stress reduced biomass, leaf area and RWC and provoked oxidative stress in plants as confirmed by considerable increase in electrolyte leakage, proline and reducing sugar content. Foliar application of KCl and KNO3 improved all these attributes under water stress. The ameliorative effect might be maintained through decrease in proline and increase in reducing sugar content. Increased reducing sugar content in K treated plants may have a significant role in osmotic adjustment.
YOUNG STAR CLUSTERS IN THE OUTER DISKS OF LITTLE THINGS DWARF IRREGULAR GALAXIES

We examine FUV images of the LITTLE THINGS sample of nearby dwarf irregular (dIrr) and Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies to identify distinct young regions in their far outer disks. We use these data, obtained with the Galaxy Evolution Explorer satellite, to determine the furthest radius at which in situ star formation can currently be identified. The FUV knots are found at distances from the center of the galaxies of 1–8 disk scale lengths and have ages of ≤ 20 Myr and masses of 20 M ☉ to 1 × 105M ☉ . The presence of young clusters and OB associations in the outer disks of dwarf galaxies shows that dIrrs do have star formation taking place there in spite of the extreme nature of the environment. Most regions are found where the H i surface density is ∼1 M ☉ pc−2, though both the H i and dispersed old stars go out much further. This limiting density suggests a cutoff in the ability to form distinct OB associations and perhaps even stars. We compare the star formation rates in the FUV regions to the average rates expected at their radii and beyond from the observed gas, using the conventional correlation for gas-rich regions. The localized rates are typically 10% of the expected average rates for the outer disks. Either star formation in dIrrs at surface densities < 1 M ⊙ pc−2 occurs without forming distinct associations, or the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation over-predicts the rate beyond this point. In the latter case, the stellar disks in the far-outer parts of dIrrs result from scattering of stars from the inner disk.
CENTRAL STELLAR MASS DEFICITS IN THE BULGES OF LOCAL LENTICULAR GALAXIES, AND THE CONNECTION WITH COMPACT z ∼ 1.5 GALAXIES

We have used the full radial extent of images from the Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 to extract surface brightness profiles from a sample of six, local lenticular galaxy candidates. We have modeled these profiles using a core-Sérsic bulge plus an exponential disk model. Our fast rotating lenticular disk galaxies with bulge magnitudes MV ≲ −21.30 mag have central stellar deficits, suggesting that these bulges may have formed from “dry” merger events involving supermassive black holes (BHs) while their surrounding disk was subsequently built up, perhaps via cold gas accretion scenarios. The central stellar mass deficits Mdef are roughly 0.5–2 MBH (BH mass), rather than ∼10–20 MBH as claimed from some past studies, which is in accord with core-Sérsic model mass deficit measurements in elliptical galaxies. Furthermore, these bulges have Sérsic indices n ∼3, half-light radii Re < 2 kpc and masses >1011 M☉, and therefore appear to be descendants of the compact galaxies reported at z ∼ 1.5–2. Past studies which have searched for these local counterparts by using single-component galaxy models to provide the z ∼ 0 size comparisons have overlooked these dense, compact, and massive bulges in today's early-type disk galaxies. This evolutionary scenario not only accounts for what are today generally old bulges—which must be present in z ∼ 1.5 images—residing in what are generally young disks, but it eliminates the uncomfortable suggestion of a factor of three to five growth in size for the compact, z ∼ 1.5 galaxies that are known to possess infant disks.
Calysto

Automatically detecting bugs in programs has been a long-held goal in software engineering. Many techniques exist, trading-off varying levels of automation, thoroughness of coverage of program behavior, precision of analysis, and scalability to large code bases. This paper presents the Calysto static checker, which achieves an unprecedented combination of precision and scalability in a completely automatic extended static checker. Calysto is interprocedurally path-sensitive, fully context-sensitive, and bit-accurate in modeling data operations - comparable coverage and precision to very expensive formal analyses - yet scales comparably to the leading, less precise, static-analysis-based tool for similar properties. Using Calysto, we have discovered dozens of bugs, completely automatically, in hundreds of thousands of lines of production, open-source applications, with a very low rate of false error reports. This paper presents the design decisions, algorithms, and optimizations behind Calysto's performance.
Pair Production in Rotating Electric Fields

We explore Schwinger pair production in rotating time-dependent electric fields using the real-time Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner formalism. We determine the time evolution of the Wigner function as well as asymptotic particle distributions neglecting backreactions on the electric field. Whereas qualitative features can be understood in terms of effective Keldysh parameters, the field rotation leaves characteristic imprints in the momentum distribution that can be interpreted in terms of interference and multiphoton effects. These phenomena may seed characteristic features of QED cascades created in the antinodes of a high-intensity standing wave laser field.
Scalable and Secure Sharing of Personal Health Records in Cloud Computing using Attribute-Based Encryption

Personal Health Records (PHRs) should remain the lifelong property of patients, who should be able to show them conveniently and securely to selected caregivers and institutions. In this paper, we present My PHR Machines, a cloud-based PHR system taking a radically new architectural solution to health record portability. In My PHR Machines, health-related data and the application software to view and/or analyze it are separately deployed in the PHR system. After uploading their medical data to My PHR Machines, patients can access them again from remote virtual machines that contain the right software to visualize and analyze them without any need for conversion. Patients can share their remote virtual machine session with selected caregivers, who will need only a Web browser to access the pre-loaded fragments of their lifelong PHR. We discuss a prototype of My PHR Machines applied to two use cases, i.e., radiology image sharing and personalized medicine.
Rate constants and equilibrium constants for thiol-disulfide interchange reactions involving oxidized glutathione

The rate of reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH) by thiolate anions (RS-) follows a Br/nsted relation in pK"s of the conjugate thiols (RSH):pnu" - 0.5. This value is similar to that for reduction of Ellman's re- agent: 0nu" = 0.4-0.5. Analysis of a number of rate and equilibrium data, taken both from this work and from the literature. indicates that rate constants, k, for a range of thiolate-disulfide interchange reactions are correlated well by equations of the formlogk=C*0nu.p Kunu"*0"pK""*0re pKule(nuc=nucleo phile.c=central, andlg=leavinggro upsulfur):eq36-3 8 give representative values of the Br/nsted coefficients. The values of these Br/nsted coefficients are not sharply defined by the available experimental data. although eq 36-38 provide useful kinetic models for rates of thiolate-disulfide interchange reac- tions. The uncertainty in these parameters is such that their detailed mechanistic interpretation is not worthwhile. but their qualitative interpretation-that all three sulfur atoms experience a significant effective negative charge in the transition state, but that the charge is concentrated on the terminal sulfurs-is justified. Equilibrium constants for reduction oiCSSG using a,cr-dithiols have been measured. The reducing potential of the dithiol is strongly influenced by the size of the cyclic disulfide formed on its oxidation: the most strongly reducing dithiols are those which can form six-membered cyclic disulfides. Separate equilibrium constants for thiolateanion-di sulfide interchange (Ks-) and for thiol-disulfide interchange (KsH) have been esti- mated from literature data: Ks- is roughly proportionalto 2ApK. is the difference between the pKus of the two thiols involved in the interchange. The contributions of thiol pKu values to the observed equilibrium constants for reduction of GSSG with a,co-dithiols appear to be much smaller than those ascribable to the influence of structure on intramolecular ring forma- tion. These equilibrium and rate constants are helpful in choosing dithiols for use as antioxidants in solutions containing pro- teins: dithiothreitol (DTT), 1.3-dimercapto-2-propanol (DMP), and 2-mercaptoethanol have especially useful properties. 201 I
Effect of 3D-transition metal doping concentration on electronic structure and magnetic properties of Γ-graphyne

Abstract The effect of 3D-transition metal doping concentration on electronic structure and magnetic properties of γ-graphyne are investigated by density functional theory. We have investigated the metal doped concentration as 0.926%, 1.852%, and 2.778%. The results show that the electronic and magnetic properties of γ-graphyne are tuned by the adatoms. The local magnetic moments of V and Fe are 1.841 and 2.089 μB, respectively, when single transition metal atom is adsorbed on the considering cell. What’s more, single V and Fe functionalization of γ-graphyne are half-metallic with 100% spin polarization at the Fermi level and can act as spin filters. The energy band gap and magnetism of the decorated γ-graphyne will change with the different doping concentration. These results are potentially useful for spintronic applications and the development of magnetic nanostructures.
A metabolomic study of Asian and American Ginseng based on RRLC-QTOF/MS methods

Abstract In order to understand the significant differences in activities and effects between Asian ginseng (ASG) and American ginseng (AMG), it is important to study the correlation between chemical structures and biological activities in the two types of herbs. However, more attention has been paid to the analysis of ginsenosides in previous reports distinguishing between ASG and AMG. There are some other bioactive compounds besides ginsenosides, however, few studies have focused on a systematic comparison of these types of compounds. Two metabolomic methods were developed in this study by qualitative data acquisition using normal phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (NPLC-MS) and reverse phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS) respectively, in combination with principal component analysis (PCA). Results show that both NPLC-MS and RPLC-MS-based metabolomic methods are feasible in composition profiling, biomarker screening as well as in discrimination of ASG and AMG. 17 ginsenosides were identified as analytical markers in RPLC-MS-based metabolomic method. In comparison, using NPLC-MS-based method, 5 ginsonosides, two amino acids as well as 1 oligosaccharide were identified as analytical markers. Therefore, RPLC-MS-based metabolomic method exhibits better profiling in ginsenosides, while NPLC-MS-based metabolomic method offers the advantage that multiple active ingredients can be determined simultaneously. The two methods are both helpful in identification of biomarker as well as in discrimination of American ginsengs from Asian ginsengs. Graphical Abstract
Protective and treatment effect of garlic extract on biochemical changes induced by pesticides in rats

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible protective and treatment influence of garlic extract supplementation to improve hepato-renal functions and antioxidant system against lambadacyhalothrin and thiodicarb pesticides intoxicated rats have been evaluated. This study was carried out on seventy male rats randomly divided into seven equal groups. Blood samples and liver tissues specimens were collected from all animal groups and used for determination of (SOD, CAT and GSH) in liver tissues. Also serum ALT, AST, GGT, albumin, total protein, creatinine and urea were also determined. The obtained results revealed that thiodicarb and lambada-cyhalothrin induced a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities in liver tissue. Also depletion in serum albumin, total protein. Moreover, administration of thiodicarb and lambada-cyhalothrin exhibited increase in serum ALT, AST, GGT activities, creatinine and urea concentration. While administration of garlic extract to pesticides intoxicated rats showed a significant increase in GSH, CAT, SOD, Total protein and Albumin and markedly decrease in ALT,AST and GGT activity , creatinine and urea concentration. This study provides in vivo evidence that garlic constitutes a powerful antioxidant property that was able to improve the adverse biochemical changes induced by carbamates and pyrethroids compounds in rats that are widely used in our country. This protective effect of garlic extract dampen the toxicity of thiodicarb and lambada-cyhalothrin intoxicated rats; therefore might be due to its powerful antioxidant activity.
The use of lightweight concrete piles for deep foundation on soft soils

Small scale physical modelling have been dominated by enhanced gravity modelling with centrifuge equipments. However due to its high cost and capital intensive, attempts were made to find another method with normal gravity simulation. This study was focused on clay soil dealing with finding a suitable representation to soil model. In line with the problem currently faced to reduce the cost of pile foundation in soft soil, the test case of pile loading tests (PLT) was chosen for investigation in normal gravity scaled modelling, full scale testing as well as in numerical modelling. Normal Concrete Pile (NCP), Palm Oil Concrete Pile (POCP) and Foamed Concrete Pile (FCP) were observed in Pile Loading Test (PLT) to study the feasibility of using light weight concrete piles (LCP) for deep foundations on soft soil. The PLT of various pile weights in normal gravity small scale model was previously conducted to represent the behavior of NCP, POCP and FCP. The results show that the FCP (26 kN) has about 30 % higher capacity than NCP (20 kN). This is due to the lower unit weight and stiffness of the pile. The results of ultimate capacity of each pile type were also in good agreement to the pile model, indicating that the attempt to set up normal gravity small scale modeling was satisfactory. To obtain the stresses along the pile, the piles in full scale prototype were also tested under dynamic loading. The compression stresses and tensile stresses measured from PDA test were under tolerable limit of their strength (the compression stress and compression strength of FCP were 10.4 MPa and 15 MPa and for POCP were 4.8 MPa and 25 MPa respectively. Whereas the tensile stress and tensile strength of FCP were 1.2 MPa and 1.2 MPa and for POCP were 10.4 MPa and 15 MPa respectively). As with normal piles these piles also experienced severe stresses, without any crack or damage during transportation, handling and driving. This leads to the conclusion that the use of LCPs as pile foundation of particular structures in soft soils is feasible.
Synthesis and Potentiometric Titrations of Some New 4-(Benzylideneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one Derivatives in Non-Aqueous Media

The synthesis of 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-[4-(dimethylamino)benzylideneamino]-4,5-dihydro-1 H -1,2,4-triazol-5-ones ( 3 ) from the reactions of 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1 H -1,2,4-triazol-5-ones ( 2 ) with 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde is described. The newly synthesized 3 type compounds were titrated potentiometrically with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in three non-aqueous solvents, including acetonitrile, isopropyl alcohol and N , N -dimethylformamide. The half-neutralization potential values and the corresponding p K a values were determined for all cases. Thus, the effects of solvents and molecular structure upon acidity were investigated. In addition, N -acetyl derivatives of 3 type compounds were also obtained. The new synthesized compounds in the study were fully characterized.
The Limited Gains From Complex Tariffs

This paper uses an equilibrium model of multipart nonlinear pricing to determine the magnitude of foregone profits due to the implementation of simple tariff options. I then use the available information from a cross-section of independent cellular telephone markets to study how these foregone profits vary with markets' observable characteristics. Results show that commercialization costs effectively limit the number of tariff options offered to consumers. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that firms should only offer a few tariff options if their commercialization and product development costs are non-negligible. More importantly this evidence favors the use of two-part tariffs and other simple pricing strategies in theoretical modeling in order to overcome the analytical difficulties of the existing general models of nonlinear pricing and thus responds to the many open questions in the area of nonlinear pricing.
Salicylanilides and Their Derivates as Perspective Anti-tuberculosis Drugs: Synthetic Routes and Biological Evaluations

Abstract: Salicylanilides are a well-known family of pharmacological compounds, which are under renewed investigation because of the discovery of novel interesting biological activities and mechanisms of action over the last decade. This comprehensive mini-review de-scribes the biological and pharmacological properties of salicylanilides, their activity against atypical and multi-drug resist ant mycobacte-rial strains, and synthetic routes for their preparation. In particular, this review focuses on the synthesis and biological properties of sali-cylanilides and O -substituted derivates reported between 2000 and 2010, which have displayed the highest antituberculosis or antifungal activity. Keywords: Anti-MDR tuberculotics, anti-tuberculotic agents, hydroxybenzamides, salicylan ilides, salicylanilide derivates. 1. INTRODUCTION Salicylanilides ( N -substituted hydroxy benzamides) are well-known organic pharmacological compounds with numerous bio-logical activities, which were initially investigated for their antimi-crobial [1] and antifungal activities [2], as well as their usefulness as topical antimycotics and antiplaque agents [3]. Salicylanilides have also found use as molluscicidal [4] or anthelmintic agents [5] in human and veterinary practise. The most successful of these, 5,2´-dichloro-4´-nitrosalicylanilide (Niclosamide), is a member of a group of common molluscicides [6] with anthelmintic properties, and is also effective in the treatment of diphyllobothriasis and hy-menolepiasis [7]. Closantel is another broad-spectrum anthelmintic salicylanilide, which has been used as an anti-trematode, anti-nematode and anti-arthropod, in combination with benzimidazole anthelmintics such as Mebendazole [8]. Rafoxanide is highly active against