Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative productivity and profitability of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) based intercropping systems under protective irrigation on vertisol

An experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani during rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18. Sixteen intercropping treatments including sole crops were tested in randomized block design. Safflower crop and intercrops viz., sorghum, wheat, chickpea, lentil and linseed were tested in 1:3 and 2:4 row proportions in replacement series. Safflower variety PBNS-12, sorghum variety Parbhani Moti, wheat variety Trimbak, chickpea variety Akash, lentil variety JL-3 and linseed variety PKVNL-260 were used. Pooled results revealed that safflower + chickpea (2:4) intercropping system recorded highest Safflower Equivalent Yield (2214 kg ha-1) followed by sole chickpea (2144 kg ha-1), sole safflower(2125 kg ha-1) and safflower + chickpea (1:3) intercropping system (2099 kg ha-1). Gross Monetary Returns, Net Monetary Returns and B: C ratio followed the similar trend. It can be concluded that safflower + chickpea (2:4) intercropping system is beneficial among all safflower based intercropping systems under protective irrigation on vertisol followed by sole chickpea, sole safflower and safflower + chickpea (1:3) intercropping system.
Progression from Feature-Specific Brain Activity to Hippocampal Binding during Episodic Encoding

The hallmark of episodic memory is recollecting multiple perceptual details tied to a specific spatial-temporal context. To remember an event, it is therefore necessary to integrate such details into a coherent representation during initial encoding. Here we tested how the brain encodes and binds multiple, distinct kinds of features in parallel, and how this process evolves over time during the event itself. The hallmark of episodic memory is recollecting multiple perceptual details tied to a specific spatial-temporal context. To remember an event, it is therefore necessary to integrate such details into a coherent representation during initial encoding. Here we tested how the brain encodes and binds multiple, distinct kinds of features in parallel, and how this process evolves over time during the event itself. We analyzed data from 27 human subjects (16 females, 11 males) who learned a series of objects uniquely associated with a color, a panoramic scene location, and an emotional sound while fMRI data were collected. By modeling how brain activity relates to memory for upcoming or just-viewed information, we were able to test how the neural signatures of individual features as well as the integrated event changed over the course of encoding. We observed a striking dissociation between early and late encoding processes: left inferior frontal and visuo-perceptual signals at the onset of an event tracked the amount of detail subsequently recalled and were dissociable based on distinct remembered features. In contrast, memory-related brain activity shifted to the left hippocampus toward the end of an event, which was particularly sensitive to binding item color and sound associations with spatial information. These results provide evidence of early, simultaneous feature-specific neural responses during episodic encoding that predict later remembering and suggest that the hippocampus integrates these features into a coherent experience at an event transition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding and remembering complex experiences are crucial for many socio-cognitive abilities, including being able to navigate our environment, predict the future, and share experiences with others. Probing the neural mechanisms by which features become bound into meaningful episodes is a vital part of understanding how we view and reconstruct the rich detail of our environment. By testing memory for multimodal events, our findings show a functional dissociation between early encoding processes that engage lateral frontal and sensory regions to successfully encode event features, and later encoding processes that recruit hippocampus to bind these features together. These results highlight the importance of considering the temporal dynamics of encoding processes supporting multimodal event representations.
The impact of demonetization on Indian firms’ performance: does company’s age make a difference?

The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of demonetization on Indian firm’s quarterly financial performance before and after demonetization period (March-December, 2017), and to find out if companies’ age helps to face financial disruption. Four variables, which are net sales, total income, net profit after tax, and earnings per share, were taken as proxies for analyzing the quarterly financial performance of 2,892 companies listed on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), National Stock Exchange (NSE), and Calcutta Stock Exchange (CSE). Nonparametric test, particularly Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Rank Test and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, were applied in analyzing the data. Results reveal that there is a statistically significant difference between the financial performance before and after demonetization at 5% level of significance. It was also found that the decrease/increase in the financial performance of all the firms was affected by the demonetization process, irrespective of their ages. The findings could be useful for financial managers and financial consultants, as they would be able to focus on the issues that matter most at the time of financial disruption.
Pupil diameter encodes the idiosyncratic, cognitive complexity of belief updating

Pupils tend to dilate in response to surprising events, but whether these responses are primarily stimulus driven or instead reflect a more nuanced relationship between pupil-linked arousal systems and cognitive expectations is not known. Using an auditory adaptive decision-making task, we show that evoked pupil diameter is modulated more strongly by violations of learned, top-down expectations than by changes in low-level stimulus properties. We further show that both baseline and evoked pupil diameter is modulated by the degree to which individual subjects use these violations to update their subsequent expectations, as reflected in the complexity of their updating strategy. Together these results demonstrate a central role for cognitive processing in how arousal systems respond to new inputs and, via our complexity-based analyses, provide a unified framework for understanding these effects in terms of both inference processes aimed to reduce belief uncertainty and more traditional notions of mental effort.
Molecular tagging of photoperiod responsive flowering in Indian bean
[Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet]
Vinita Ramtekey*, Arpit Bhuriya, Dipendra Ayer, Vipulkumar Parekh, Kaushal Modha, Bhushan Kale,
Gopal Vadodariya and Ritesh Patel
(

Photoperiod responsive flowering and growth habit might have played a key role in domestication of lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) and currently shifting its cultivation from intercropping to monoculture. Most of the landraces of lablab bean exhibit photoperiod sensitivity in flowering and indeterminate growth habit. A cross was made between GNIB21 and GP189 which are phenotypic extremes for photoperiod responsive flowering. The F1 hybrid exhibited dominant traits like indeterminate growth habit and photosensitive flowering endowed from male parent. Segregation pattern of 3:1 in F2 generation indicated monogenic recessive nature of photoperiod insensitive flowering. Bulk segregant analysis in F2 population revealed association of PvTFLy1, a locus governing determinate growth habit in lablab bean, with photoperiod responsive flowering where an amplicon of 300 bp was observed in photo sensitive GP189 while it was absent in photo insensitive variety GNIB21. Significant ÷2 test indicated coupling phase of linkage between PvTFLY1 and photoperiod responsive flowering. Linkage analysis placed PvTFLY1 at the distance of 19.23 cM from the locus governing photoperiod responsive flowering. The linkage between growth habit and photoperiod responsive flowering in common bean, soybean and Indian bean suggest that these traits may be governed by mutation or deletion of E3 (or GmPhyA3) and Dt1 homologs in Indian bean. Information available on characterized genes for photoperiod responsive flowering and determinate growth habit from common bean, soybean and other related legumes may be utilized for isolation, characterization, mapping and molecular dissection of genes involved in regulation of photoperiod responsive flowering in Indian bean.
Promoting Tuber Formation In Vitro with Benzyl Amino Purine and Paclobutrazol at Different Concentrations

A common problem related to the production of potatoes in Indonesia is the use of poor quality seed sources and declining seeds. Plant tissue culture is one of the best methods used for the provision of quality seeds. This study aims to establish the best combination of BAP concentration and the concentration of paclobutrazol in spurring the growth of cuttings and initiation of potato tubers in vitro.This research was conducted in November 2017 until June 2018 at Agronomy Laboratory of Biotechnology Division and Plant Culture Network of Agriculture Faculty of Bengkulu University. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consist of 18 combination of BAP treatment and Paclobutrazol was repeated 6 times. The concentration of BAP used was 0 mg / l, 5 mg / l, 10 mg / l and the concentration of Paclobutrazol 0 mg / l; 2.5 mg / l; 5 mg / l; 7.5 mg / l; 10 mg / l; 12.5 mg / l. The data of the research were analyzed by F test of 5% level and if there were different between treatments followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test of5% level. The results showed that the combination of BAP and Paclobutrazol concentration had significant effect on all observed variables. Treatment of 5 mg / l BAP and 7.5 mg / l Paclobutrazol is the best medium in inducing potato micro tube as indicated by the fastest tuber formation time, highest percentage of productive crops, largest number of tubers per bottle, number of tubers per productive plant, tuber diameter the largest and highest wet weight of tuber per bottle. Keywords : in vitro, BAP, paclobutrazol, Potato
Y DESAROLLO SOCIAL millenium 3 5 Millenium , 2 ( 5 ) , 35-42

Introduction: One out of two packages of medicines sold in Europe is a non-prescription medicinal product. Research on consumer decisions in terms of health has traditionally been explained based on the Health Belief Model. However, no research we are aware of has investigated the purchasing of drugs with an aim of improving health. Objectives: Test the suitability of the Health Belief Model in the explanation of the purchase intention of over-the-counter diet drugs to improve a health problem, particularly weight. Methods: A quantitative transversal design was used. An online self-reported questionnaire was administered to a sample of 193 subjects. Results: Results show a significant influence of all the dimensions of the health belief model on the purchase intention of overthe-counter diet drugs. However, the relationship between barriers to taking action and the intention to purchase was reversed to that predicted. Conclusions: Results suggest that the health belief model is suitable for the explanation of the individuals ́ intention to purchase over-the-counter diet drugs. Key findings will allow the pharmaceutical industry to design communication strategies based on deep consumer knowledge. Future research may deepen into variables such as the influence of word-of-mouth in health-oriented behavior, as well as consumer’s confidence in the properties of the products that allegedly help to adjust weight.
A stable isotopic study of the diet of Potamonautes sidneyi (Brachyura: Potamonautidae) in two coastal lakes of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa

Potamonautes sidneyi Rathbun 1904, is a dominant freshwater crab in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Recent flood events in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park have allowed a substantial range expansion of this species, including previously hypersaline and desiccated areas. A stable isotope study was conducted to examine the feeding habits of the populations from Lake Sibaya and Mpophomeni Stream, two contrasting sites in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park. Juveniles from Mpophomeni Stream were more depleted in δ 13 C and more enriched in δ 15 N compared to adults, indicating a more carnivorous diet and higher trophic position. A general shift in diet was observed at both sites, with consumption of aquatic invertebrates and sedimentary organic matter more prevalent in the wet summer months, while greater proportions of detritus and microphytobenthos were consumed in autumn/winter. No significant difference was observed between adults from the two sites despite the abiotic variations. The species appears to play a complex role in the trophic web, by acting as an intermediate consumer facilitating the flow of nutrients across levels and by breaking down decomposing organic matter, allowing for rapid recycling of nutrients within its ecosystem. Keywords : diet, trophic role, stable isotopes, freshwater, brachyurans, opportunistic feeders
Geographic distribution of epiphytic bromeliads of the Una region, northeastern Brazil.

Many Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest plant and animal species are geographically restricted to Southern Bahia and Northern Espirito Santo States. We investigated the geographic distribution of epiphytic bromeliads in the lowland forest of the Una region (15° 17' 34' S - 39° 04' 30'' W) in Southern Bahia. Specifically, we addressed the following questions: i) what is the extent of each species distribution? ; and ii) are the Bromeliaceae subfamilies distributed differently from one another? Almost half of the 40 species (47.5%) occur exclusively in the Southern Bahia-Northern Espirito Santo region and are herein referred as endemic species. The highest percentage of the 15 species of Tillandsioideae (46.7%) occur throughout the South American Continent and most of the 25 species of Bromelioideae (68.0%) are mainly represented by endemic species. The Una region has almost two times more species than a forested area located 40 km west, suggesting marked increases in diversity in over relatively short distances. The endemism data around Una indicates that species are geographically distributed over an area spanning approximately six to seven degrees in latitude and longitude. This result contrasts with the geographic distribution of Andean epiphytes, mainly represented by Tillandsioideae, that have large geographical distributions. Larger-scale analyses and standardized methods are necessary to verify whether the narrow geographical distribution of most epiphytic bromeliads in the Una region is consistent across different forest types of the Atlantic Rainforest.
La alfalfa como reservorio de enemigos naturales

La alfalfa es un cultivo tradicional en la cuenca del Ebro, cuya peculiar forma de aprovechamiento le confiere una estabilidad temporal y espacial como habitat relativamente mayor que la de otros habitats agricolas con los que este cultivo coexiste en las alternativas extensivas de regadio. Este hecho ha sido estudiado en otras zonas del mundo, donde se asigna a la alfalfa un cierto papel como reservorio de enemigos naturales. Debido al aumento de tratamientos fitosanitarios registrados en los ultimos anos en este cultivo, este papel podria estar en peligro en los ecosistemas agricolas de la zona. Ante la falta de informacion sobre la fauna de enemigos naturales de los cultivos de alfalfa en Espana y, concretamente, en la zona de la cuenca del Ebro, esta tesis pretende identificar las principales familias y especies de insectos depredadores, tanto de los cultivos como de sus margenes, y valorar el papel de ambos habitats como refugio, especialmente en la epoca invernal, para la posterior colonizacion de cultivos anuales. La recogida de muestras con aspirador D-vac y trampas de gravedad durante los tres primeros anos desde el establecimiento del cultivo nos han permitido identificar 201 especies pertenecientes a las familias Anthocoridae, Nabidae, Lygeidae (subfamilia Geocorinae), Miridae, Staphylinidae, Carabidae, Coccinellidae, Syrphidae, Chrysopidae y Hemerobiidae. Los estudios de similitud en la composicion de especies y dominancia ha revelado que los cultivos de alfalfa y sus margenes tienen una composicion especifica muy similar y que difieren fundamentalmente en lo que respecta a la dominacion de determinadas especies dentro de cada familia. Los margenes, en los que, en general se encontro un mayor numero de especies, muestran un grado de diversidad (indice de Shannon) menor que los cultivos, debido, fundamentalmente, a la menor uniformidad de distribucion de los individuos presentes entre las distintas e
Discoloration of dough for oriental noodles

Discoloration (as measured by CIE Lab L * values) was highly correlated with protein and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). In a cultivar, the discoloration is more affected by protein than by PPO. Across cultivars that vary widely in protein, discoloration is affected more by cultivar-governed PPO than by protein. The protein content of a flour affects the water activity of a dough, which in turn influences the discoloration of noodle dough. Out of five compounds added to noodle doughs, only ascorbic acid at the 500 ppm level (alone or combined with storage under vacuum) effectively retarded discoloration. The effectiveness varied among three types of noodles (udon, Cantonese, and instant)
Categorical Effects in the Perception of Colour： Behavioral Evidence in Hue Search Method

CP (categorical perception) of colour is demonstrated by faster and/or more accurate discrimination of pair of stimuli that cross a category boundary (across-category), than two stimuli from the same category (within-category), even when the stimulus differences between the pairs of stimuli are equal. Despite a plethora of behavioural research exploring the origin and nature of colour CP, all the evidence for the CP of colour was derived from Roman script readers and as, to date, no studies of colour CP have been conducted on right-to-left readers in support of this theory. However, the influence of reading habits to perception has been shown in several studies (e.g., Eviatar, 1995, 1997; Farid & Grainger, 1996; Prunet, Beland, & Adrissi, 2000; Berent, 2002; Schwalm, Eviatar, Golan, & Blumenfeld, 2003). It is not entirely clear how to predict the effect of habitual reading direction on CP of colour, but it was worth exploring to test the generality of CP of colour across variation of cultures and habitual reading directions. Two experiments (target detection task and grid search task) have been conducted to investigate the colour CP, by testing participants from language, their reading direction is from right-to-left as in Arabic. Forty participants (20 men and 20 women) took part in this study. All spoke Arabic as their first language and most were undergraduate students at King Saud University. Their ages ranged from 18 to 30 years with a mean of 24.3 years (SD = 5.29). The result indicated that the reaction times in the between-categories condition were much faster than those in the within-category condition; this suggested that CP of colour was unaffected by the habitual reading directions. So that Arabic samples performed similarly as Roman script readers and the pattern of colour CP has been replicated, but this time, it has also been shown that the effect is independent of habitual reading direction.
Effects of two types of sprinklers and height in the irrigation of sugar beet with a centre pivot

The main objective of this paper is to analyse the effects of sprinkler type and height above the ground on soil water uniformity (CUs) and sugar beet yield. Irrigation was performed with a centre pivot operating under field conditions with two types of sprinklers, one with a stationary plate (SPS) and the other with a moving plate (MPS), at two heights (1 and 2.5 m). The average coefficient of uniformity (CU) of water application of individual irrigation events with SPS ranged from 74 to 81%, compared to nearly 90% from MPS. The value of the cumulative coefficient of uniformity for the set of irrigation events (CUa) for all sprinkler-height combinations exceeded 90%, a value similar to that obtained for CU S . Results do not show a clear advantage in the final crop response by using sprinklers with MPS or SPS. However, MPS, and especially those located at 1 m in height with a spacing of 1.5 m, have higher water application uniformity, achieving higher yield and yield indexes, as well as higher water use efficiency. The final yield of sugar beet was more influenced by the amount of soil water available for the crop than the small differences in soil water uniformity obtained with the centre pivot.
Response of CH4 and CO2 fluxes to simulated nitrogen deposition in a boreal forest in the Northeastern China

It is not clearly understand that the effects of changes in nitrogen (N) deposition on soil carbon (C) fluxes in boreal forests. Moreover, little is known about how the temporal pattern (daytime and nighttime) has impacted on soil carbon fluxes. To investigate these effects, 12 plots (20 m×20 m) were established in boreal forests in May 2012. Four NH4NO3 treatments (three replicates) were applied. The CH4 uptake and CO2 emission rates were measured daily and soil properties were simultaneously observed. The results showed that N deposition tended to restrain soil CH4 uptake but significantly promoted soil CO2 emission (except TH). There were significant difference in soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes between daytime and nighttime. In addition, N deposition had significantly impacted on soil properties. These results suggest that a longer study period is needed to verify effects of increasing N deposition on soil C fluxes and soil properties.
Health, Academic Achievement and School-Based Interventions

There is a statistically significant relationship between health and academic achievement. Research evidence shows that children who are healthy are at a low risk for school prob lems than students who are unhealthy. Students with good health tend to perform better in school than those with poor health. Problems that emanate from poor health include a higher probability of school failure, poor levels of concentration, grade retention and dropout. However, health is a complex and elusive concept and its definition is often shrouded by assumptions and limitations. Therefore, the relationship between health and student achievement is often complex. The concept of health has been evolving over time, cutting across multiple disciplines. Of late, there has been a focus on achieving not only health but total well-being. Schools have been challenged to promote student health by providing favourable environments, policies, support services and information-based interventions. Schools should develop integrated health interventions because of their proven effectiveness in promoting healthy lifestyles among students. This chapter criti - cally examines the concept of health and establishes the connection between health and achievement. The chapter also proposes health interventions that are effective in influ - encing academic achievement.