Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of deep learning to detect personalized spatial-frequency abnormalities in EEGs of children with ADHD

Objective. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurobehavioral disorders. Studies have tried to find the neural correlations of ADHD with electroencephalography (EEG). Due to the heterogeneity in the ADHD population, a multivariate EEG profile is useful, and the detection of a personalized abnormality in EEG is urgently needed. Deep learning algorithms, especially convolutional neural network (CNN), have made tremendous progress recently, and are expected to solve the problem. Approach. We adopted CNN techniques and a visualization technique named gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) for detecting a personalized spatial-frequency abnormality in EEGs of ADHD children. A total of 50 children with ADHD (nine girls, mean age: 10.44 ± 0.75) and 57 controls who were matched for age and handedness were recruited. The power spectrum density of EEGs was used as input. We presented an intuitive form of representing multichannel EEG data that is trainable to CNN models. Personalized abnormalities were derived from ADHD children and were compared to the distributions of relative powers in different frequency bands. Main results. We demonstrated that applying CNN techniques to ADHD identification is feasible, with an accuracy of 90.29% ± 0.58%. There were major differences in personalized spatial-frequency abnormalities between individuals affected by ADHD. The abnormalities were consistent with the power distributions in both group- and individual- level. Significance. This study provided a novel method for detecting personalized spatial-frequency abnormalities of children with ADHD at a precise spatial-frequency resolution. We proposed a new form of representation of multichannel EEG data that is compatible with mainstream CNN architectures. We ensured that CNN models were interpretable and reliable relating to clinical practice by visualizing the decision-making process. We expect that detection of personalized abnormalities using deep learning techniques can facilitate the identification of potential neural pathways and the planning of targeted treatments for children with ADHD.
Multiple Source Domain Adaptation with Adversarial Learning

While domain adaptation has been actively researched in recent years, most theoretical results and algorithms focus on the single-source-single-target adaptation setting. Naive application of such algorithms on multiple source domain adaptation problem may lead to suboptimal solutions. As a step toward bridging the gap, we propose a new generalization bound for domain adaptation when there are multiple source domains with labeled instances and one target domain with unlabeled instances. Compared with existing bounds, the new bound does not require expert knowledge about the target distribution, nor the optimal combination rule for multisource domains. Interestingly, our theory also leads to an efficient learning strategy using adversarial neural networks: we show how to interpret it as learning feature representations that are invariant to the multiple domain shifts while still being discriminative for the learning task. To this end, we propose two models, both of which we call multisource domain adversarial networks (MDANs): the first model optimizes directly our bound, while the second model is a smoothed approximation of the first one, leading to a more data-efficient and task-adaptive model. The optimization tasks of both models are minimax saddle point problems that can be optimized by adversarial training. To demonstrate the effectiveness of MDANs, we conduct extensive experiments showing superior adaptation performance on three real-world datasets: sentiment analysis, digit classification, and vehicle counting.
Trade-off Theory vs . the Pecking Order Hypothesis : Evidence from Japan

This paper investigates the explanatory power of th e two predominant theories in the area of capital structure, the trade-off theory and the pec king order hypothesis, in accounting for financial policy decisions of Japanese corporations. This is achieved through the use of a “horse race” test sim ilar to the one utilized in the seminal papers of ShyamSunder and Myers (1999) and Frank and Goyal (2004). This is the first paper to take into consid eration the effect of monetary conditions and finan ci l constraints on the performance of these two theorie s. The data set used includes 1528 public and 2143 companies and covers the turbulent period of 1980-2 007, thus using 60,037 data points. Our findings show that economic conditions affect the performanc e of the two models. The pecking order hypothesis works best during the high growth period of the 198 0s while the trade-off theory is the best performer during the stagnant growth period of the 1990s and the subsequent credit crunch. Our results also show that the explanatory power of these two theories va ries for different groups of firms. The trade-off theory works best for companies with low levels of leverage while the pecking order hypothesis performs best for private companies and companies w ith high levels of leverage.
A case report of cyclic thrombocytopenia with statistically significant neutrophil oscillations

Background: Cyclic thrombocytopenia (CT) is a hematological condition characterized by severe thrombocytopenia alternating with thrombocytosis. Understanding the features of platelet count oscillations, the involvement of other cell lines, and response to thrombopoietin (TPO) stimulation will help clinicians better manage this challenging disorder. Case presentation: We describe the clinical and laboratory features of four patients with cyclical thrombocytopenia. We used Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis to determine the existence of statistically significant periodicity of platelet count oscillations and to investigate possible cycling in other cell lines. One patient was found to have concomitant, statistically significant neutrophil cycling with the same period as the platelets, a feature that to our knowledge has never been reported before in the literature on CT. We also describe platelet count responses to treatment with TPO receptor agonists in three patients. ∗Corresponding author; Gabriel provencher langlois@brown.edu
Empirical Distributions of DFT-Domain Speech Coefﬁcients Based on Estimated Speech Variances

—We present a novel way to estimate the empirical distribution of clean speech spectral coefﬁcients. Rather than computing the histogram of clean speech within a certain signal-to-noise ratio interval, we normalize the spectral coefﬁcients on the square-root of the spectral variance estimated via recursive averaging, the decision-directed approach or temporal cepstrum smoothing. We show that estimated distributions depend signiﬁcantly on the used spectral variance estimator. Further, if the speech spectral variance is estimated in noisy conditions, the resulting histograms exhibit heavier tails as compared to clean conditions. The cepstral variance estimation approach is shown to result in less heavy tails as compared to the decision-directed approach.
Application of Central Corneal Thickness for the Diagnosis of Canine Glaucoma

Glaucoma is second most disease causing vision loss in dogs. Retinal ganglion cell death caused by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and it leading to irreversible vision loss in dogs and humans. Early detection and regularly monitoring of glaucomatous dog is essential to maintain vision for a long time. Currently, detection and monitoring of glaucoma mainly rely on measurement of IOP by tonometers in dogs. Since introduction of the ultrasonic pachymeter, correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and glaucoma is widely investigated in humans. CCT is known to the most potent predictor of conversion of ocular hypertension into glaucoma in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. Although, central and peripheral thickness of the cornea was already investigated,
A HIGH RESOLUTION EUROPEAN CLOUD CLIMATOLOGY FROM 15 YEARS OF NOAA / AVHRR DATA

A European Cloud Climatology (ECC) based on NOAA/AVHRR data has been generated at DLR, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IPA) and the German Remote Sensing Data Centre (DFD). Currently, the dataset covers the period from 1989-2003. Total cloud cover is provided, as well as the coverage of low-level, medium-level, high-level and thin clouds for entire Europe (34N 72N, 11W 32E). An important characteristic of the ECC is its high spatial resolution of 0.01 x 0.0125 (~ 1.1 x 1.1 km) in latitude and longitude, respectively. This high resolution allows the direct comparison with surface observations on the one hand, while the covered area is large enough to evaluate global circulation models (GCMs) on the other hand. The cloud products are derived by our AVHRR Processing scheme Over cLouds, Land, and Ocean (APOLLO) including a careful quality control. The scientific analysis of ECC time series is accompanied by the comparison with ISCCP data and with synoptic surface observations in selected regions. Comparisons to available MSG data are performed to analyse deviations in cloud detection caused by the different viewing geometries. The first application of the ECC is the validation of the GCM ECHAM4.L39/CHEM. In this context the cloud cover diagnosed by the model is faced to the corresponding ECC products.
Genetic Variability and Antiphytoviral Activity of Wild and Inbred Genotypes of Silybum marianum Varieties

Wild and inbred genotypes of Silybum marianum were assessed for five quantitative characters, silymarin production and its potent antiviral activities. Purple, white and wild varieties as well as their genotypes showed significant genetic variations in all characters except for the number of main branches/plant. Correlation coefficients showed highly significant values in all varieties while significant regression values were computed for plant height and total branches each with head flowers, in addition to seed yield with total branches in all. Six silymarin components were detected showing high variation among varieties and genotypes. Purple genotype P34 and white W9 were the best genotypes as they presented the maximum mean value for all studied characters and the highest silymarin content (30.20 and 62.85 mg/g, respectively). The seed methanolic extract of all genotypes had an inhibitory effect on Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) infectivity. The extract reduced ToMV infection with different percentages: 80% for wild, 71.4, 69.6, 68 for white genotypes (W9, W2 and W13), and 60, 58.4 and 46.4, for purple genotypes (P34, P22 and P28). All silymarin constituents had a highly significant negative correlation with the number of local lesions. However, both in vivo and in vitro tests showed the inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract on virus infectivity. However, ToMV post-inoculation rubbing with the methanolic extract reduced ToMV infectivity more effectively than ToMV pre-inoculation. However, the wild S. marianum extract more effectively reduced ToMV infectivity in vivo than in vitro. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Wear particle-induced interleukin-34 expression contributed to osteoclastogenesis and involved in aseptic loosening

Purpose: This study explored the expression of interleukin-34 (IL-34) on the peri-implant membranes of patients with aseptic loosening and whether its expression is induced by wear particles, and moreover whether IL-34 could contribute to osteoclastogenesis. Methods: IL-34 was detected in the periprosthetic membranes of patients with aseptic loosening by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and its expression was studied by qPCR and ELISA in human fibroblasts after stimulation by TiAl6V4 particles (TiPs), CoCrMo metal particles (CoPs), and treatment with inhibitors of intracellular pathways. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed to determine the formation of osteoclasts after bone marrow macrophages treated with IL-34 or M-CSF in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). Results: IL-34 was expressed in periimplant membranes of patients with aseptic loosening. The expression was stimulated by wear particles via the JNK and p44/42 MAPK signaling pathways in vitro. Furthermore, the administration of IL-34 and RANKL was able to increase osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Conclusions: Our results reveal that IL-34 is involved in the pathological process of particle-induced aseptic loosening and may be a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
Independent Human Health and Environmental Hazard Assessments of Dispersant Chemicals in Australia , produced by NICNAS and CSIRO

The Australian National Plan for Maritime Environmental Emergencies has had a longstanding dispersant response strategy that is transparent, fit for purpose and effective, and safe to use for people and the environment. At all stages of dispersant management: acceptance and purchase; storage and transport; and application in spill, the National Plan requires transparency. These requirements, results and processes are all published on the AMSA website. To ensure that Australia has suitable information to undertake all these steps, AMSA has always sought the best independent advice it could find. Most recently AMSA addressed questions of human health hazards and environmental hazards.
Valence band structure calculations of strained Ge 1 − x Sn x quantum well pFETs

The dependence of valence band structures of Ge1−xSnx with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 on Sn content, biaxial strain, and substrate orientation is calculated using the nonlocal empirical pseudopotential method. The first valence subband structure in p-type Ge cap/fully strained Ge1−xSnx quantum well/Ge (001) and (111) inversion layers are theoretically studied using the 6×6 k·p model. A wavefunction coupling of a Ge cap with respect to a strained Ge1−xSnx quantum well, which is influenced by the cap thickness, valence band offset, and confined effective mass, changes the energy dispersion relation in the two-dimensional kspace. The increase in Sn content and the decrease in cap thickness increase the hole population in the strained Ge1−xSnx quantum well to reduce the transport effective mass at the zone center in the Ge/strained Ge1−xSnx/Ge inversion layers. ar X iv :1 70 3. 01 81 2v 1 [ ph ys ic s. co m pph ] 6 M ar 2 01 7
Incidence and determinants of mortality among adult HIV infected patients on second-line antiretroviral treatment in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a retrospective follow up study

Introduction Mortality of adult patients who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is higher in low-income than in high-income countries. After the failure of standard first-line treatment, patients switch to second-line regimens. However, there are limited data about the outcome of patients after switching to a second-line regimen in the study area. This study aimed to measure the rate of mortality and its determinants among HIV patients on second-line ART regimens. Methods Multicenter institution based retrospective follow up study was conducted among 1192 adult patients who started second-line ART between 2008 and 2016 in eight selected hospitals of Amhara region. Patients who started second-line treatment after the failure of first-line treatment were included. Patient medical records, registration books, and computer database were used to collect the data. Time to death after a switch to second-line ART was the primary outcome of interest. Cox proportional hazard model was fitted to identify determinant factors of mortality. Results Among 1192 patients who were on second-line ART, 136 (11.4%) died with 3,157 person-years of follow up. Over the study period, the mortality rate was 4.33 per 100 person-years. Not taking isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR): 6.6; 95% CI: 2.9, 15.0), did not make modification on second-line regimen (AHR: 4.4; 95% CI: 2.8, 6.8), poor clinical adherence (AHR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.4, 4.5), functional status of bedridden (AHR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.5, 4.8), and having attained a tertiary level of education (AHR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.8) were independent determinants of mortality. Conclusion The incidence rate of mortality was high and most of the deaths occurred within 12 months after switching to second-line ART. Higher mortality among adult HIV-infected patients was associated with poor adherence, no formal education, not taking IPT, being bedridden at the time of the switch, and not modifying second-line treatment. Improving treatment adherence of patients by providing consistent adherence counseling, providing INH prophylaxis and monitoring patient's regimen more closely during the first twelve months after switch could decrease mortality of HIV patients on a second-line regimen.
WanderRep : A reporting Tool for Caregivers of Wandering Persons with Dementia

Wandering behaviour is regarded as one of the most difficult to manage for Caregivers of Persons with Dementia. It also results in a lot of stress and burden for all caregivers involved, since this behaviour can result in injuries and getting lost. In this research we are proposing a tool which utilizes the currently available Smart Mobile Technologies to focus on the patients’ wandering patterns whilst identifying any possible dangers pertaining to the patient. A number of findings have been collected from this research tool, through a number of studies with both formal and informal caregivers and patients at the St. Vincent de Paul Elderly Nursing Home. These findings primarily relate to: (1) The benefits which caregivers perceive when being alerted of danger relating to their patients and (2) the need for further understanding this research area through the collected data. Caregivers are also given the opportunity to give their feedback on a patient’s exposure to danger, thus creating a cooperative environment between caregivers of the same patient. Preliminary tests have shown how this system achieves an 89 % specificity to danger rate, which defines the statistical performance of a binary classification test, together with showing how caregivers find this system as a positive way of reducing their burden when caring for wandering patients.
A subtidal porcellanid crab, Petrolisthes militaris (Heller, 1862) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), from the Persian Gulf, Iran

The family Porcellanidae is a group of crab-shaped anomurans and there are a series of studies on this group in the Persian Gulf. The first report of porcellanid crabs from the Persian Gulf was by Heller (1861); who referred incidentally to two species of this group in a discussion of Crustacea of the Red Sea. Nobili (1905) published preliminary diagnoses of new species of decapod crustaceans from the Persian Gulf and provided a complete account of them, including eight species of Porcellanidae, published in the following year (Nobili, 1906). Haig (1966) recorded 12 porcellanid species from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea based on the collection of the Danish Expedition (1937–38). Apel (2001) reviewed the previous records of decapod crustaceans from the Persian Gulf and its adjacent waters, and listed 19 porcellanid species including an unnamed species. Naderloo and Türkay (2012) subsequently reported 11 porcellanids from the littoral and shallow sublittoral zones of the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf and for the first time recorded Polyonyx loimicola (Sankolli, 1965) from this area. Most recently, Ng et al. (2012) described Raphidopus persicus from the Persian Gulf and referred the records of R. indicus Henderson, 1893 by Haig (1966) and Apel (2001) to those of their new species. Naderloo and Türkay’s (2012) material of R. indicus is also most probably referred to R. persicus instead, based on the armature on the carpus of the cheliped. Thus, 20 species – Short Communication
Supplementation of Exogenous Enzyme to Laying Hens Diets Containing Heat Treated Sheep Manure : Effects on Performance and Egg Quality

A seventy-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the performance and egg quality of laying hen fed heat treated sheep manure (HSM) based diets supplemented with Roxazyme G enzyme. Seven experimental layer diets were formulated with oven-dried HSM such that diets 2, 4 and 6 contained 5%, 10% and 15% HSM without enzyme supplementation respectively. Diets 3, 5 and 7 contained 5%, 10% and 15% HSM supplemented with 100mg Roxazyme enzyme per kilogram weight of feed respectively. Diet 1 (control) contained 0% sheep manure. Two hundred and fifty-two (252) 35 weeks old (Black Nera Strain) birds were divided into seven groups of thirty-six birds each and randomly assigned to the seven dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment was replicated three times with twelve birds/replicate. Results showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in weight gain, feed conversion ratio and egg quality characteristics of laying hens fed HSM diets (with or without enzyme) but for percentage yolk and egg yolk colour where significant (P<0.05) differences existed. Hen day egg and total egg production significantly decreased with increase in HSM inclusion. However, enzyme supplementation significantly (P<0.05) enhanced hen-day and total egg production. Supplementation of HSM diets with exogenous enzyme significantly (P<0.05) reduced the feed intake of the birds at all levels of HSM inclusion. The results also indicated that laying hens could tolerate up to 10% unsupplemented HSM diets without any deleterious effects on weight gain, hen day, and total egg production, thus making HSM a potential feed stuff for laying hens. It’s utilization at up to 15% dietary level in laying hens diets is achievable with enzyme supplementation.
Prevalence of maternal passive smoking and its impact on pregnancy following implementation of an anti-smoking legislation in Shanghai , China : a cross-sectional study

Background: To investigate the prevalence of maternal passive smoking during pregnancy in Shanghai following the implementation of an indoor places anti-smoking legislation, and to assess the impact of maternal passive smoking on the occurrence of pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among pregnant women at the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, China. A selfadministered questionnaire, distributed to women within 24 hours of delivery, was used to obtain demographic information and identify potential confounders. Information on pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes was extracted from medical records. Logistic regression and linear regression models were used to estimate the risk of pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes. Results: A total of 1063 women were included in this study. The prevalence of maternal passive smoking was 34.81%. Majority of passive smokers (77.38%) lived with family members consumed less than 5 cigarettes per day totally. We were unable to show any statistically significant correlation between passive smoking and pregnancy complications or neonatal outcomes. Conclusions: In Shanghai, the prevalence of maternal passive smoking decreased following the implementation of an indoor places anti-smoking legislation. Based on the present prevalence, no significant effects on pregnancy complications or neonatal outcomes were observed in short term.