Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On inverse protocols of Post Quantum Cryptography based on pairs of noncommutative multivariate platforms used in tandem

Non-commutative cryptography studies cryptographic primitives and systems which are based on algebraic structures like groups, semigroups and noncommutative rings. We continue to investigate inverse protocols of Non-commutative cryptography defined in terms of subsemigroups of Affine Cremona Semigroups over finite fields or arithmetic rings Zm and homomorphic images of these semigroups as possible instruments of Post Quantum Cryptography. This approach allows to construct cryptosystem which are not public keys, when protocol finish correspondents have mutually inverse transformations on affine space Kn or variety (K*)n where K is the field or arithmetic ring. The security of such inverse protocol rests on the complexity of word problem to decompose element of Affine Cremona Semigroup given in its standard form into composition of given generators. We discuss the idea of usage combinations of two cryptosystems with cipherspaces(K*)n and Kn to form a new cryptosystem with the plainspace(K*)n, ciphertextKn and nonbijective highly nonlinear encryption map.
Laboratory evaluation of density relationships of the parasitoid , Spalangia endius ( Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae ) , with two species of tephritid fruit fly pupal hosts in Thailand

Laboratory experiments were performed on the parasitoid, Spalangia endius Walker, attacking the fruit fly pupal hosts, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) and B. dorsalis (Hendel), to determine the effects of parasitoid age, pupal age and density of both parasitoids and pupae on attack rates. Spalangia endius females attack at peak rates at approximately 3 d of age. The mean numbers of host pupae attacked per female parasitoid were 8.42 ± 0.26 for B. correcta and 7.37 ± 0.38 for B. dorsalis, for parasitoids aged 1–7 d. The rate of parasitism of B. dorsalis declined to below 50% by day 7 of pupal age, but that of B. correcta remained high (> 90%). The experiments on varying host density determined that the numbers of pupae parasitized increased with host density, but the percentage parasitism declined, or was inversely density dependent. The results suggested that female S. endius exhibited a Type II functional response. The ovipositional behavior of the parasitoid on the two species of pupal hosts was random. In the experiments on variable host (or parasitoid) density, the percentage parasitism in B. correcta was significantly higher than that of B. dorsalis at all densities (paired ttests, p < 0.001). The oviposition efficiency of S. endius on B. correcta declined with parasitoid density, and can be described by the regression: A = 0.38 – 0.21 log P (F = 8.39, df = 1,10, p < 0.05, r = 0.46) where A represents the area of discovery and P is number of parasitoids searching. However, searching efficiency of S. endius on B. dorsalis was lower and relatively constant with parasitoid density: A = 0.18 (F = 1.03, df = 1,10, p = 0.33, r = 0.09). These results suggest that host and parasitoid densities play an important role in the attack rate of the parasitoid, S. endius and that it may be more effective in biological control of tephritid fruit fly, B. correcta than of B. dorsalis.
Draft 1 1 Drivers of diet patterns in a globally distributed freshwater fish species 2 3

1 1 Drivers of diet patterns in a globally distributed freshwater fish species 2 3 Javier Sánchez-Hernández1,2,3,*, Anders G. Finstad3,4, Jo Vegar Arnekleiv3, Gaute 4 Kjærstad3 and Per-Arne Amundsen2 5 6 1Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Universidade de Santiago de 7 Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España 8 2Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9 Norway 10 3Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway 11 4Aquatic Ecology Department, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), 12 Trondheim, Norway 13 14 Javier Sánchez-Hernández (javier.sanchez@usc.es) 15 Anders G. Finstad (anders.finstad@ntnu.no) 16 Jo Vegar Arnekleiv (jo.arnekleiv@ntnu.no) 17 Gaute Kjærstad (gaute.kjarstad@ntnu.no) 18 Per-Arne Amundsen (per-arne.amundsen@uit.no) 19 *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel. : +34 630 156 186; e-mail: 20 javier.sanchez@usc.es 21
Development of modular wooden buildings with focus on the Indoor Environmental Quality

During the last three decades there has been increasing concern within the scientific community about the effects of indoor air quality on health. Changes in building design devised to improve energy efficiency and has induced that modern homes and offices are frequently more airtight than older structures. Furthermore advances in construction technology have caused an extensive use of synthetic building materials. The construction process and the production of building materials not only consume the most energy they also have a big impact on the Global Warming Potential. While these improvements have led to more comfortable buildings with lower running costs, they also provide indoor environments in which contaminants are readily produced and may build up to much higher concentrations than outside. Because about 80-90% of our time is spent indoors, where we are exposed to chemical and biological contaminants and possibly carcinogens, the Indoor Environmental Quality plays an increasing role. The aim of this study was to develop building components out of sustainable natural materials for modular building concepts with regard to the Indoor Environmental Quality such as the air quality and the indoor climate, the temperature and humidity. To guarantee high Indoor Air Quality a mechanical ventilation system is part of the construction. It has to ensure a controlled air change with a minimum of dissipation of energy. Building parts were assembled to meet high energy efficiency Standards. For the construction parts wood, hemp, sheep wool and clay were used to meet the settled requirements. As a first result of this study two modular buildings were erected, in which the indoor air quality and the construction physics will be monitored in the next few years for generating valuable data.
Melatonin and a single-high dose methylprednisolone effect on the oxidant-antioxidant system in the rabbit heart tissue

: Objective: Glucocorticoids have been used in the treatment of a number of diseases due to their widely thera-peutic effects. But they have serious side effects. Although glucocorticoid therapy is an effective measure to prevent and treat many diseases in patients, it can cause adverse effects on the cardiovascular system secondary to oxidative stress. It has been suggested that melatonin is a potent antioxidant and that melatonin supplements may protect against such age-related diseases as atherosclerosis, cancer, and Alzheimer disease. In this study, we investigated whether such effects of a single high dose steroid has adverse consequences for the oxidant-antioxidant system of rabbit heart tissue and whether melatonin treatment is protective in the rabbit. For this purpose we measurument some biochemical parameters in the rabbit heart tissue. Methods: Level of malondialdehyde (MDA, a lipid peroxidation product), protein carbonyl (PC, a protein oxidation product) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured from heart tissue samples of all rabbits included in the study. Also antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase activities were measured from heart tissues. In the study, 20 rabbits were used. The rabbits were separated into three groups. Group I: Control group, group II: Methylprednisolone group, group III: Methylprednisolone plus melatonin group. Results: The results of the study; PC levels significantly decreased in methylprednisolone plus melatoninin group compared to the control group (p=0.03). PC levels decreased in methlyprednisolone group compared to the control group and higher than methlyprednisolone + melatonin group but these changes aren’t significant statistically. No statistical difference was determined by MDA, NO levels and SOD, GSH-Px, catalase activities of all groups. Conclusion: According to the results of this study we can say that administration of a single high dose methylprednisolone doesn’t increase oxidative stress Also, melatonine is a potent antioxidant agent in the heart tissue.
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF FLOW IN THE TONLE SAP BY MEANS OF A DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL

The Tonle Sap Lake, which is located in the Cambodian floodplain of the Mekong River System, plays an important role for storage and water supply in Cambodia as well as in the low land region of the Mekong River System. Every year the lake stores water in the flood season from May to October while it acts as a spillway providing water to the Mekong Delta in the dry season from November to April. In other words, the lake depth can rise by approximately 10 m and the water volume can increase 5 times during the year, showing various drying and wetting areas in the lake and its adjacent floodplains. In terms of hydrodynamic modelling, these wetting/drying areas are still challenging because of several difficulties, e.g. large CPU time, slow transition of wet-dry interface and, possibly lack of mass conservation. In this paper, we present a wetting drying algorithm with a limitation for the fluid depth and a blending parameter in order to ensure local mass conservation and rapid transition of a wet/dry interface. The technique is firstly implemented in the framework of the Second-generation Louvain-la-Neuve Ice-ocean Model (SLIM). Then, it is validated by means of the analytical Balzano 1, Balzano 3 and Thacker test cases, showing its well-balancing property. Finally, it is applied to the simulation of the flow in the Tonle Sap and its neighborhood.
Anticancer drugs utilization for initiation phase of breast and cervical cancers chemotherapies in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

Background: Selection of anticancer drugs for initiation of chemotherapy is an important determinant of whether the patient would continue the chemotherapy, switch to another agent and discontinue after the first course of chemotherapy. Therefore, it is important that attention should be given to the initiating agents, their side effects and general safety of the patients. Objectives: This study assessed the utilization of anticancer drugs at the first course of breast and cervical cancers chemotherapies over a five-year period (2012 - 2016) in Oncology unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Shika, Kaduna State. Methods: This retrospective study audited 1000 randomly selected folders (100 folders each for breast and cervical cancer per year), resulting in 500 folders each for breast and cervical cancer patients. Results: Majority (31% vs 29%) were in the age bracket of 40 to 49 years for breast and cervical cancers respectively. About 79% and 97% of the anticancer and antiemetic drugs respectively were prescribed by their generic names. The most utilized anticancer drugs for initiation of chemotherapy of 500 patients with breast or cervical cancer within the study period for breast versus cervical cancer, respectively, were Cisplatin (1140 vs 624 DUs), 5-Fluorouracil (860 vs 292 DUs) and Paclitaxel (709 vs 319 DUs). The widely utilized antiemetic agents for prevention or management of Nausea and Vomiting at the initiation of chemotherapy of 500 patients with breast or cervical cancer during the study periods for breast versus cervical cancer, respectively, were Dexamethasone (1940 vs 1260 DUs), Metoclopramide (1220 vs 320 DUs), and Ondansetron (1080 vs 300 DUs). Conclusion: Cisplatin and Dexamethasone were most utilized anticancer and antiemetic drugs respectively for initiation of chemotherapy for both breast and cervical cancers in the studied hospital. Keywords: Drug utilization, Nigeria, Breast cancer, cervical cancer, chemotherapy
Studies of the southern Gaul sigillata ceramics : the workshops of La Graufesenque and Montans ❚

Among the Gaulish workshops, the centre of La Graufesenque (Aveyron, France) was a very important workshop of terra sigillata ceramics. During the first century AD, this centre produced vast quantities of sigillata table-wares, which were sold all over the Roman Empire, mainly in Gaul, Great Britain, Germany and Spain. The excavations showed that the centre had an organisation, which can be qualified as industrial with collective firing in very big kilns. The biggest kiln to fire this type of wares was found at La Graufesenque (Vernhet, 1981). Its capacity was estimated between 10 000 and 40 000 vessels. This centre has also given the greatest number of graffitis (or potters’ logbooks). Up to now, as many as 400 graffitis have been found at La Graufesenque, whereas less than 10 have been found in other main workshops as Arezzo (Italy) or Lezoux (central Gaul). The number of pieces and the name of all the potters, who participated in the firing, are mentioned. The total number is between 20 000 and 35 000 pieces on each graffito. This is in good agreement with the estimated capacity of the big kiln. The excavations carried out at Montans correspond to a smaller scale production. The kilns were smaller and, up to now, only two graffitis have been found. This workshop also started the production of high quality sigillata, during the Tiberian period (AD 15-38), following a test period where Italian models were copied. The main diffusion was along the Atlantic coasts.
Syddansk Universitet MECP 2 Duplication Syndrome Evidence of Enhanced Oxidative Stress . A Comparison with Rett Syndrome

Rett syndrome (RTT) andMECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS) are neurodevelopmental disorders caused by alterations in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene expression. A relationship betweenMECP2 loss-of-function mutations and oxidative stress has been previously documented in RTT patients and murine models. To date, no data on oxidative stress have been reported for theMECP2 gain-of-function mutations in patients with MDS. In the present work, the pro-oxidant status and oxidative fatty acid damage in MDS was investigated (subjects n = 6) and compared to RTT (subjects n = 24) and healthy condition (subjects n = 12). Patients withMECP2 gain-of-function mutations showed increased oxidative stress marker levels (plasma non-protein bound iron, intraerythrocyte non-protein bound iron, F2-isoprostanes, and F4-neuroprostanes), as compared to healthy controls (P 0.05). Such increases were similar to those observed in RTT patients except for higher plasma F2-isoprostanes levels (P < 0.0196). Moreover, plasma levels of F2-isoprostanes were significantly correlated (P = 0.0098) with the size of the amplified region. The present work shows unique data in patients affected by MDS. For the first timeMECP2 gain-of-function mutations are indicated to be linked to an oxidative damage and related clinical symptoms overlapping with those ofMECP2 loss-of-function mutations. A finely tuned balance of MECP2 expression appears to be critical to oxidative stress homeostasis, thus shedding light on the relevance of the redox balance in the central nervous system integrity. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0150101 March 1, 2016 1 / 12 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Signorini C, De Felice C, Leoncini S, Møller RS, Zollo G, Buoni S, et al. (2016) MECP2 Duplication Syndrome: Evidence of Enhanced Oxidative Stress. A Comparison with Rett Syndrome. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0150101. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0150101 Editor: Dilek Colak, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, SAUDI ARABIA Received: September 28, 2015 Accepted: February 9, 2016 Published: March 1, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Signorini et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper. Funding: The present work was funded by the Tuscan Region (Bando Salute 2009; “Antioxidants— omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, lipoic acid— supplementation in Rett syndrome: A novel approach to therapy,” RT no. 142). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
STRESS IN SANDPILES

We investigate the stress distribution at the base of a sand pile using both analytic calculations and a three dimensional discrete element code. We consider the controversial subject of the depression in the normal stress under the highest part of a sand pile. We find that piles composed of particles with the same size do not produce a stress depression, while piles composed of layers of particles of different sizes do show a stress depression which is similar to experimental observations.
eff ec t of liquid hot w ater pretreatmen t on the chemical – struc tural altera tion and the r educed recalcitrance in poplar

Background: Hydrothermal pretreatment using liquid hot water (LHW) is capable of substantially reducing the cell wall recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass. It enhances the saccharification of polysaccharides, particularly cellulose, into glucose with relatively low capital required. Due to the close association with biomass recalcitrance, the structural change of the components of lignocellulosic materials during the pretreatment is crucial to understand pretreatment chemistry and advance the bio-economy. Although the LHW pretreatment has been extensively applied and studied, the molecular structural alteration during pretreatment and its significance to reduced recalcitrance have not been well understood. Results: We investigated the effects of LHW pretreatment with different severity factors (log R0) on the structural changes of fast-grown poplar (Populus trichocarpa). With the severity factor ranging from 3.6 to 4.2, LHW pretreatment resulted in a substantial xylan solubilization by 50–77% (w/w, dry matter). The molecular weights of the remained hemicellulose in pretreated solids also have been significantly reduced by 63–75% corresponding to LHW severity factor from 3.6 to 4.2. In addition, LHW had a considerable impact on the cellulose structure. The cellulose crystallinity increased 6–9%, whereas its degree of polymerization decreased 35–65% after pretreatment. We found that the pretreatment severity had an empirical linear correlation with the xylan solubilization (R = 0.98, r = + 0.99), hemicellulose molecular weight reduction (R = 0.97, r = − 0.96 and R = 0.93, r = − 0.98 for number-average and weightaverage degree of polymerization, respectively), and cellulose crystallinity index increase (R = 0.98, r = + 0.99). The LHW pretreatment also resulted in small changes in lignin structure such as decrease of β-O-4′ ether linkages and removal of cinnamyl alcohol end group and acetyl group, while the S/G ratio of lignin in LHW pretreated poplar residue remained no significant change compared with the untreated poplar. Conclusions: This study revealed that the solubilization of xylan, the reduction of hemicellulose molecular weights and cellulose degree of polymerization, and the cleavage of alkyl–aryl ether bonds in lignin resulted from LHW pretreatment are critical factors associated with reduced cell wall recalcitrance. The chemical–structural changes of the three major components, cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, during LHW pretreatment provide useful and fundamental information of factors governing feedstock recalcitrance during hydrothermal pretreatment.
Feedback at Test Can Reverse the Retrieval-Effort Effect

The testing effect refers to the finding that retrieving previously encoded material typically improves subsequent recall performance more on a later test than does restudying that material. Storm et al. (2014) demonstrated, however, that when feedback is provided on such a later test the testing advantage then turns to a restudying advantage on subsequent tests. The goal of the present research was to examine whether there is a similar consequence of feedback when the difficulty of initial retrieval practice is modulated. Replicating prior research, we found that on an initial delayed test, recall of to-be-learned items was better following difficult than easy practice. Critically, however, providing immediate feedback on an initial delayed test reversed this pattern. Our findings are consistent with a distribution-based interpretation of how feedback at test modifies recall performance.
Delirium Management : Practical , Evidenced-Based , Expert Recommendations for Clinical Practice

Delirium is highly prevalent in those with serious or advanced medical illnesses. It is associated with many adverse consequences, including significant patient, family, and health care provider distress. This article suggests a novel approach to delirium assessment and management and provides useful, practical guidance for clinicians based on a complete review of the existing literature and the expert clinical opinion of the authors and their colleagues, derived from over a decade of collective bedside experience. Comprehensive assessment includes careful description of observed symptoms, signs, and behaviors; and an understanding of the patient’s situation, including primary diagnosis, associated comorbidities, functional status, and prognosis. The importance of incorporating goals of care for the patient and family is discussed. The concepts of potential reversibility versus irreversible delirium and delirium subtype are proffered, with a description of how diagnostic and management strategies follow from these concepts. Pharmacological interventions that provide rapid, effective, and safe relief are presented. Employing both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions, including patient and family education, improves symptoms and relieves patient and family distress, whether the delirium is reversible or irreversible, hyperactive or hypoactive. All interventions can be provided in any setting of care, including patients’ homes.
Do State Laws Matter for Bondholders ? ♣

We examine the impact of state payout restrictions on firm credit ratings and bond yields. Using publicly traded bond data for a sample of large firms, we find that firms incorporated in states with more restrictive payout statutes (e.g., New York), have better credit ratings and significantly lower yield spreads (about 7.6%) relative to firms incorporated in less restrictive states (e.g., Delaware). These results suggest that incorporation in a more restrictive state provides a credible commitment mechanism for avoiding some of the moral hazard problems associated with long-term debt. This commitment corresponds to an economically and statistically significant difference in market yields and firm financing costs and is robust to controls for ownership, governance, debt type, Delaware versus non-Delaware incorporation, and covenant usage. Overall, our results are consistent with the notion that Delaware incorporation may have hidden costs for some firms. JEL Classification: G32, G34