Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of present day and glacial surface conditions on the Antarctic Oscillation/Southern Annular Mode

Based upon coupled climate simulations driven by present day and glacial boundary conditions, we demonstrate that the internal variability associated with the pronounced south polar climate anomalies that characterized the glacial climate regime was largely confined to the winter season. In particular, the intensity and spatial structure of the Antarctic Oscillation/Southern Annular Mode is found to display a strong seasonal cycle. In the summer season, we demonstrate that this mode of internal climate variability is extremely robust in response to a change from modern to glacial conditions in that it seems not to depend upon the latitudinal position of the baroclinic zone nor on the strength of the mean atmospheric zonal circulation. In winter, however, and under glacial conditions, this mode is characterized by a significantly modified atmospheric circulation that differs dramatically in terms of its internal variability from that characteristic of modern conditions
Exploring Conjoint Analysis that Uses Video Descriptions in Entrepreneurship Research Context

Often the development of methodologies have enabled scholars to get more accurate results or to answer totally new questions. Therefore, improving methodologies or exploring new ones can be argued to be equally important as research itself. Conjoint analysis have been successfully used in entrepreneurship research for many decades, but every research in the field has been done using verbal descriptions which can be seen to lower their validity. Making the decision task as realistic as possible is one of the main goals in conjoint analysis and in many cases the most realistic way of representing stimulus is video descriptions. However, this opportunity has never been explored in entrepreneurship research. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the usability of conjoint analysis that uses video descriptions in entrepreneurship research context. To enable this an example experiment is created where the validation process of the descriptions is identified as the biggest hindrance for using the method. A pilot study with a convenience sample is then used to analyze the validation process of the video descriptions. The results indicate that it is possible to use conjoint analysis that uses video descriptions in entrepreneurship research context. In the future this method can be particularly an asset in investment decision making research. However, as this is the first attempt to harness conjoint analysis that uses video descriptions for the benefit of the entrepreneurship community many questions about the usability of this method goes still unanswered.
Capture by fear revisited: An electrophysiological investigation

The present study, using a cueing paradigm, reexamined the claim of an attentional bias towards fearful faces. In Experiment 1, participants searched a target display for a letter in a specific colour. This target display was preceded by a noninformative cue display, which contained coloured boxes (one in the target colour and one in the distractor colour) or emotional faces (one fearful face and one neutral face). Each cue could appear in the same location as the target (validly cued) or different (invalidly cued). To determine whether the cues captured attention, we used an electrophysiological measure of spatial attention known as the N2pc effect. The target colour cue produced a substantial N2pc effect and a robust cue validity effect on behavioural data, indicating capture by stimuli that match what participants are looking for. However, neither effect was present for the task-irrelevant fearful face cue. These findings suggest that negative stimuli (such as fearful facial expressions) do not generally have the inherent power to capture spatial attention against our will. Experiment 2 showed that these same fearful faces could capture attention when fearful expressions became task relevant. Thus, the critical determinant of capture appears to be task relevance, rather than perceived threat.
Fiscal Policy Spillovers in the Euro Area: Where are they? CEPS Working Document No. 176, November 2001

What impact would a fiscal expansion in Germany have on the rest of the euro area? It has been generally suggested that it could go in either of two opposite directions, depending on the relative strength of two effects: the direct trade linkage and the financial market repercussions. A review of the results from four major macroeconomic models shows that the cross-country spillover effects of fiscal policy are indeed of uncertain sign and magnitude. Different models give quite different results if used in standardised simulations in terms of the sign, magnitude and time profile of the impact of a fiscal expansion in one member country (e.g. Germany) on other euro area countries. Fewer results are available concerning the potential spillover effects of structural policies, but they are similar to the ones concerning a budgetary stimulus: the magnitude of the spillover is small and varies across countries and over time.
Synchronous and longitudinal effects of employee commitment on intellectual, social and affective engagement

The aim of this research is to examine if there are any synchronous or longitudinal effects of employee commitment on employee engagement. The former is measured as a whole construct using affective, continuous and normative dimensions of commitment introduced by Allen and Mayer (1990), while the latter is assessed by intellectual, social and affective dimensions of employee engagement suggested by Soane et al. (2012). The rationale behind conducting this research is twofold. First, to fill the gap resulted from paucity of research conducted to examine the effects of employee commitment on employee engagement. Second, to overcome the most common limitation cited in many prior studies, namely the cross-sectional research design by performing a longitudinal research. The questionnaire used in this research is built by adopting items form prior literature. Then, it was administered over a two-time period to employees working in a large Jordanian hospitality setting located in Amman, the capital of Jordan. Two waves of data collection process have been achieved with a lag time of 12 months, that is, from August 2016 to August 2017. The number of returned questionnaires in the first measurement period is 487 (97.4%), while the number of returned questionnaires in the second measurement period is 473 (94.6%). The research hypotheses focus on the presence of synchronous or longitudinal effects of employee commitment, as well as intellectual, social, and affective dimensions of employee engagement. The results indicate that employee commitment significantly as well as simultaneously affects employees’ intellectual engagement, while significantly and longitudinally affects their social and affective engagement. These findings contribute to the organizational behavior literature by showing that employee commitment does not only enhance employees’ immediate absorption in methods that could be used to improve the work, but also it builds up strong relationships among them and with their organization’s values and environment. Additionally, it boosts their emotional attachment to job tasks over time. Therefore, it is recommended that academic researchers along with practitioners should look at changes in employee attitudes that might occur in the future.
Leading markers of risk culture in organization

Among the many assumptions about taking-risk widely embraced but rarely tested is the notion that large companies risk culture are less averse to risk than risk culture in the SMEs sector. Taking a multivariate markers of organizational culture, this study seeks to identify and to explain differences between theoretical and empirical aspects of risk culture. The concept of risk culture pertains to perceptions risks and promote risk-taking in organizations. I accept the assumption that organizational culture markers (indicated mainly based on research and opinion large companies) depends on the company size. Using questionnaire data from a variety of SMEs organizations, I find that there is considerable variance in theoretical and practical risk culture markers. I postulate that culture influences corporate risk-taking according organizational size. The primary purpose of this research is to contribute to the understanding of the risk culture markers in micro small and medium size enterprises. The research questions explore the differentiation between risk culture markers indicates in academic literature and markers indicates in empirical research. Theoretical considerations is supplemented by a results of the study in 269 Polish SMEs. Additional aim of this study is, at least partially, fill a gap on the organizational culture and risk management in SMEs.
Determination of educational efficiency and students’ involvement in the flipped biology classroom in primary school

The Flipped Classroom (FC) is a teaching approach in which students gain the first-exposure learning with online materials outside the classroom, and then, in the classroom, they focus on interactive or engaging exercises. Despite its considerable publicity, the studies focused on the FC in primary education are deficient. The aim of this research is to determine efficiency and students’ involvement in the flipped Biology classroom in primary school, compared to the conventional classroom (CC) approach. Educational efficiency and students’ involvement are measured by combining the values of the students’ performance and mental effort on the test. Each task in the test was followed by the 5-point Likert scale for evaluation of invested mental effort. The total sample of this research included 112 students, aged from 12 to 13. The results show that the FC approach contributes to the reduction of the students’ mental effort and an increase in the students’ performance. On the basis of calculated efficiency and students’ involvement of applied teaching approaches, it was concluded that the FC represents a feasible and efficient approach to Biology primary education
Application of the precision levelling method to evaluate the vertical movements within eastern part of the Elbe Fault System (SW Poland, Western Sudetes)

The eastern part of the Elbe Fault System covers an area of the Bohemian Massif located between the middle Odra faults in the north, and the system jumps to the south of the Elbe edging the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin on the orientation of NW-SE to WNW-ESE. The Sudetic horst is located in the middle part of this area, and within it there are distinguishable, smaller tectonic forms that arise after the Cretaceous-Paleogene inversion. In this part of the Western Sudetes, the Nysa Klodzka Graben is clearly marked, and surrounding it, horst formations: Bardo Mountains, Zlote Mountains, Śnieznik Massif, Orlickie and Bystrzyckie Mountains. In this part of the Sudetes there are many more complementary faults with directions of NNW-SSE or NNE-SSW. The lack of correlative deposits makes difficult to identify stages of the Nysa Klodzka Graben tectonic development. However, it is estimated that since the Miocene until today, displacement between the bottom of the graben, and the surface of the Śnieznik Massif peak had an amplitude about of 1000-1200 m. On the basis of indirect evidence, it can be assumed that since the late Miocene to the present, the northern border of the graben has increased by about 50 m and the southern, by about 15 m. Numerous gorges and places of an occurring lattice system of river valleys indicates that this area is still little changed as a result of tectonic movements. Weak seismicity of the area is recorded in the historical documents, and now recorded by the seismic stations. Satellite measurement campaigns (GNSS) conducted in this area during the last 20 years confirm the trend of vertical movement points. They also point to the diversity (velocity and directions) of horizontal displacements (Kaplon et al., 2014). Attempts to determine the scale of the vertical displacements in repeated precision levelling lines confirm the relative displacement occurring between the bottom of the Nysa Klodzka Graben and its metamorphic frame, and also indicate weak tectonic movements that occur within the graben bottom. ARTICLE INFO
Distinguishing flavor nonuniversal colorons from Z′ bosons at the LHC

Author(s): Chivukula, RS; Ittisamai, P; Simmons, EH | Abstract: © 2015 American Physical Society. Electrically neutral massive color-singlet and color-octet vector bosons, which are often predicted in theories beyond the Standard Model, have the potential to be discovered as dijet resonances at the LHC. A color-singlet resonance that has leptophobic couplings needs further investigation to be distinguished from a color-octet one. In previous work, we introduced a method for discriminating between the two kinds of resonances when their couplings are flavor universal, using measurements of the dijet resonance mass, total decay width, and production cross section. Here, we describe an extension of that method to cover a more general scenario, in which the vector resonances could have flavor-nonuniversal couplings; essentially, we incorporate measurements of the heavy-flavor decays of the resonance into the method. We present our analysis in a model-independent manner for a dijet resonance with mass 2.5-6.0 TeV at the LHC with s=14TeV and integrated luminosities of 30, 100, 300, and 1000fb-1 and show that the measurements of the heavy-flavor decays should allow conclusive identification of the vector boson. Note that our method is generally applicable even for a Z' boson with non-Standard invisible decays. We include an Appendix of results for various resonance couplings and masses to illustrate how well each observable must be measured to distinguish colorons from Z's.
Water-to-air transfer of perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates in a sea spray simulator

Environmental context Perfluorinated alkyl acids are found in the remotest parts of the world, but it is still not known how they get there. By using a laboratory sea spray simulator, it is shown that these compounds are efficiently transferred from water to air. This indicates that perfluorinated alkyl acids could be transported long distances as a result of breaking waves ejecting them into the atmosphere. Abstract One hypothesis for the origin of perfluorinated alkyl acids, their salts and conjugate bases (here collectively termed PFAAs) in the atmosphere is transfer from the surface ocean by sea spray, the mechanistic explanation being that the surface active properties of PFAAs result in their enrichment on the surface of bursting bubbles. The water-to-air transfer of C6–C14 perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) and C6, C8 and C10 perfluorosulfonates (PFSAs) was studied in a laboratory scale sea spray simulator containing tap water spiked with PFCAs and PFSAs. The sequestration of the PFAAs out of bulk water and to the air–water surface was shown to increase exponentially with the length of the perfluorinated alkyl chain. Volatilisation of the PFAAs from an aqueous solution in the absence of spray resulted in less than 1 % transfer to the atmosphere during the experiment. In the presence of spray the transfer rate from water to air increased by up to 1360 times. The enhancement was dependent on the PFAA chain length, with the C6 carboxylate showing an enhancement of a factor of 37, the C7 carboxylate an enhancement of 320, whereas for all remaining PFAAs the enhancement exceeded 450 with the exception of the C14 carboxylate (106).
Impact of Candidate Selection Systems on Election Results: Evidence from Taiwan before and after the Change in Electoral Systems

Abstract A central challenge for scholars of party politics is to explain parties' electoral success or failure. Campaign strategies, candidate personalities, electoral systems, parties' issue emphasis and policy positions all receive extensive coverage in the literature. One variable that has been neglected is the role of nomination systems in election results. This is surprising considering how politicians often blame candidate selection failures for disappointing electoral outcomes and then reform nomination mechanisms in the hope of improving future election prospects. In this study I examine the relationship between nomination systems and electoral results in Taiwan before and after the change in electoral systems. I show that candidate selection methods have played an important role in shaping Taiwan's party system under the old and new electoral systems.
Entrepreneurial knowledge, personal attitudes, and entrepreneurship intentions among South African Enactus students

This paper investigates how action-based entrepreneurship training influences entrepreneurial knowledge and personal attitudes, which in turn reportedly develop individuals’ entrepreneurship intentions. A cohort of students who had undergone social entrepreneurship training under the auspices of Enactus South Africa was studied to determine the relationship between these three key variables associated with entrepreneurship tendencies. The study, in particular, addresses the question of whether practical entrepreneurship training bears any consequences on developing students’ personal attitudes, entrepreneurship knowledge, and entrepreneurship intentions. Stratified sampling techniques were utilized to collect data from 355 Enactus South Africa students from the constituent 27 colleges and universities that make up Enactus South Africa. While findings of the study indicated that both entrepreneurial knowledge and personal attitudes have significant influence on entrepreneurship intentions, personal attitudes were observed as having a greater influence on the former. Furthermore, high levels of entrepreneurship knowledge were observed to impact on favorable attitudes towards entrepreneurship.
Studying the relation between organizational justice and organizational commitment among the librarians of Khouzestan province ministry of science academic libraries

This research is designed to study the relation between organizational justice and organizational commitment among the librarians working in the academic libraries of Khouzestan province universities of ministry of science. The statistic population includes all the managers and librarian employees working in the selected libraries in the year 2013 (160 persons), among whom 133 persons have been asked to fill the 1993 Moorman’s survey of organizational justice and 1990 Meyer’s survey of organizational commitment. This is a correlational type study, carried out with a descriptive method. To analyze the relation between the variables, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple-regression tests were used. In the end, among different factors of organizational justice, only the obtained mean of procedural justice was measured less than the average. And, the overall mean of organizational justice was measured just a little short of the average. Among different factors and elements of organizational commitment (affective, normative, continuance) the obtained results of continuance commitment is quite low. Yet, the overall mean of organizational commitment is higher than the average. There is a significant and positive relation between organizational justice and organizational commitment. Finally, among different factors of organizational justice, interactional justice can be more relied upon to assess the organizational commitment of the staff working in the studied libraries. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Обычная таблица"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
Influence of vector interaction and Polyakov loop dynamics on inhomogeneous chiral symmetry breaking phases

We investigate the role of the isoscalar-vector interaction and the dynamics of the Polyakov loop on inhomogeneous phases in the phase diagram of the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Thereby we concentrate on inhomogeneous phases with a one-dimensional modulation, explicitly domain-wall solitons and, for comparison, the chiral spiral. While the inclusion of the Polyakov loop merely leads to quantitative changes compared to the original Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, the inclusion of a repulsive vector-channel interaction has significant qualitative effects: Whereas for homogeneous phases the first-order phase transition gets weakened and eventually turns into a second-order transition or a crossover, the domain of inhomogeneous phases is less affected. In particular the location of the Lifshitz point in terms of temperature and density is not modified. Consequently, the critical point disappears from the phase diagram and only a Lifshitz point (showing a different critical behavior) remains. In particular, susceptibilities remain finite.
Some aspects of social interaction during feeding in Sepia officinalis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) hatched and reared in the laboratory

Deux groupes de 4 individus de Sepia officinalis, et 4 exemplaires isoles ont ete eleves de la naissance a la maturite sexuelle durant 7 mois. Les Seiches ont ete observees pendant qu'elles se nourrissaient en vue de constater si elles developpent un comportement interactif, specialement un comportement hierarchique. Les variables suivantes ont ete relevees: 1. temps necessaire a une Seiche pour attaquer une proie; 2. nombre de proies capturees; 3. rang de capture d'une proie par individu; 4. changements eventuels de la repartition des couleurs pendant la nutrition. Les exemplaires eleves en groupes attaquent leurs proies environ trois fois plus vite et ingerent davantage de proies (plus de 2 fois plus) que les Seiches elevees separement
Measurement of Commercial Bank Efficiency in Ethiopia: an Application to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

This research was conducted to measure the relative technical, cost, revenue and profit efficiency of the Ethiopian Commercial Banks, using banks level data of 18 commercial banks for the period covered 2005 to 2016. The study used financial data of the banks extracted from the audited annual financial reports and data from the international banking data base (Orbis Data Base). Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) have been used, with the inputs and outputs of the banks selected following the intermediation approach. The result shows that among four banks namely Commercial bank of Ethiopia, Adis International bank, Zemen bank & Enat bank are the most efficient banks in terms of Technical Efficiency, and are found to be on the DEA frontier under both input & output orientations. Under Cost Efficiency, the giant Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Adis International Bank and Debub Global Bank are found to be the most efficient ones, and on the DEA frontier. Finally, the research finding shows that Commercial Bank of Ethiopia and Adis International Bank are 100% efficient compared to other participants under both revenue & profit efficiency, followed by Zemen Bank. Keywords : Cost Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Ethiopia Banking, Measurement of Efficiency, Profit efficiency, Technical Efficiency