Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Fires and Health at Birth

Abstract Fire has long served as a tool in agriculture, but the practice's link with economic activity has made its health consequences difficult to study. Drawing on data from satellite-based fire detection systems, air monitors, and vital records in Brazil, we study how in utero exposure to smoke from sugarcane harvest fires affects health at birth. Exploiting daily changes in fire location and wind direction for identification, we find that late-pregnancy smoke exposure decreases birthweight, gestational length, and in utero survival. Fires less associated with smoke exposure predict improved health, highlighting the importance of disentangling pollution from its economic correlates.
Pancreatic splenosis mimicking neuroendocrine tumors: microhistological diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration.

CONTEXT Pancreatic splenosis is a benign condition which can mimic a pancreatic neoplasm. OBJECTIVE To describe the role of the endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of pancreatic nodules suspicious for pancreatic splenosis. METHOD From 1997 to 2011, patients with pancreatic solid tumors suspicious for splenosis by computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging were referred to EUS-FNA. Those cases with pancreatic splenosis confirmed by EUS-FNA or surgery were included. Endosonographic findings and clinicopathologic features were also analysed. RESULTS A total of 2,060 patients with pancreatic solid tumors underwent EUS-FNA. Fourteen (0.6%) cases with pancreatic splenosis were found. After applying exclusion criteria, 11 patients were selected. Most patients were male (7), young (mean age: 42 years) and asymptomatic (8). Endoscopic ultrasound imaging alone suspected pancreatic splenosis in 6 cases, and neuroendocrine tumors in 5 cases. Pancreatic splenosis was found most commonly in the tail, was round, hypoechoic, with homogeneous pattern, regular borders, and with scintigraphy negative for somatostatin receptors. The average diameter of these nodules identified by endoscopic ultrasound was 2.15 cm. Microhistology obtained by EUS-FNA confirmed the diagnosis in 9/10 patients. CONCLUSION Pancreatic splenosis can be diagnosed by EUS-FNA. Microhistology prevents unnecessary surgeries, and reassures asymptomatic patients with hypoechoic, homogeneous, and well circumscribed pancreatic nodules.
The Two Thrombospondin Type I Repeat Domains of the Heparin-binding Growth-associated Molecule Bind to Heparin/Heparan Sulfate and Regulate Neurite Extension and Plasticity in Hippocampal Neurons*

HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule, also designated as pleiotrophin) and midkine form a two-member family of extracellular matrix proteins that bind tightly to sulfated carbohydrate structures such as heparan sulfate. These proteins are used by developing neurons as extracellular cues in axonal growth and guidance. HB-GAM was recently reported to enhance differentiation of neural stem cells. Based on the solution structure of HB-GAM, we have recently shown that HB-GAM consists of two β-sheet domains flanked by flexible lysine-rich N- and C-terminal tails with no apparent structure. These domains are homologous to thrombospondin type I repeats present in numerous extracellular proteins that interact with the cell surface. Our findings showed that the two β-sheet domains fold independently. We showed that the domains (but not the lysine-rich tails) in HB-GAM are required and sufficient for interaction with hippocampal neurons. The individual domains bind heparan sulfate weakly and fail to produce significant biological effects in neurite outgrowth and long term potentiation assays. The amino acids in the linker region joining the two domains may be replaced with glycines with no effect on protein function. These results suggest a co-operative action of the two β-sheet domains in the biologically relevant interaction with neuron surface heparan sulfate.
Battlefield-like stress following simulated combat and suppression of attention bias to threat

Background Acute stress disorder involves prominent symptoms of threat avoidance. Preliminary cross-sectional data suggest that such threat-avoidance symptoms may also manifest cognitively, as attentional threat avoidance. Confirming these findings in a longitudinal study might provide insights on risk prediction and anxiety prevention in traumatic exposures. Method Attention-threat bias and post-traumatic symptoms were assessed in soldiers at two points in time: early in basic training and 23 weeks later, during advanced combat training. Based on random assignment, the timing of the repeat assessment occurred in one of two schedules: for a combat simulation group, the repeat assessment occurred immediately following a battlefield simulation exercise, and for a control group, the assessment occurred shortly before this exercise. Results Both groups showed no threat-related attention bias at initial assessments. Following acute stress, the combat simulation group exhibited a shift in attention away from threat whereas the control group showed no change in attention bias. Stronger threat avoidance in the combat simulation group correlated with severity of post-traumatic symptoms. Such an association was not found in the control group. Conclusions Acute stress may lead some individuals to shift their attention away from threats, perhaps to minimize stress exposure. This acute attention response may come at a psychological cost, given that it correlates with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Further research is needed to determine how these associations relate to full-blown PTSD in soldier and civilian populations.
Probing highly confined optical fields in the focal region of a high NA parabolic mirror with subwavelength spatial resolution

Parabolic mirrors with a high numerical aperture can be conveniently used to produce highly confined optical fields in the focal region. Furthermore, these fields can have interesting polarization behaviour due to the high numerical aperture. In particular, if the mirror is illuminated with a size matched radially polarized or azimuthally polarized doughnut mode, the electric field has in the focal region almost exclusively a longitudinal or a transverse polarization component. Such field distributions are interesting for applications in confocal or near‐field optical microscopy. Here we present experimental results where we have probed some of these field distributions by raster scanning a fine gold tip in nanometer steps through the focal region and detecting the scattered light intensity. The measured intensity patterns are compared with corresponding vector‐field calculations.
Dividend Policy Decisions in India: Standalone Versus Business Group-Affiliated Firms

This study examines the determinants of two important dividend policy decisions specifically the dividend payment decision and the dividend payout level decision of 781 sample Indian firms enlisted on National Stock Exchange (NSE) over the period, 1995–2015, comparing the business group-affiliated firms with the standalone firms. In term of characteristics, the business group-affiliated firms are larger, more profitable and more levered than the standalone firms. The empirical results suggest that the dividend policy decisions of business group-affiliated firms differ significantly from that of the standalone firms. In the case of standalone firms, the firms with high investment opportunities, high financial leverage and high business risk are less likely to pay dividends, and their dividend payout levels are lower. On the other hand, the firms affiliated with business groups are more likely to pay dividends, and their dividend payout levels are higher even when they have high investment opportunities, high financial leverage and high business risk. Overall, the findings suggest that although the business groups are able to create internal capital markets (ICMs) and shield their member firms from market imperfections, they may suffer from other information asymmetry problems.
Design Optimization of a Digital Sun Sensor for Use With Parametric Processing

In this paper, we use genetic algorithms (GAs) as a heuristic for optimizing the illumination pattern for a single-axis digital sun sensor. Previous work has demonstrated that parametric algorithms can be used to provide better estimates of sun position than conventional centroiding techniques. The performance of these algorithms depends, in part, on the illumination pattern on the detector. Using a linear-phase superresolution technique that is combined with GA, we alter the number, shape, and placement of illuminating features. The GA estimator discovered high-fitness solutions that offer threefold to fivefold improvements over the baseline sensor design. We contend that these multiple peak patterns can greatly improve the performance of the sun sensor when they are coupled with parametric methods for sun position estimation. The optimal illumination pattern can be implemented, at minimal cost, by fabricating a replacement aperture mask.
Structure of the human deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) gene: identification of the nucleotide substitution that generates its classical genetic polymorphism

The objectives of this study were to elucidate the structural organization of the gene for human deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) and to identify the mutation site underlying its classical genetic polymorphism. In order to determine the organization of this gene, we utilized a combination of direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplification of human genomic DNA and isolation of the overlapping clones from a cosmid human genomic library. Restriction endonuclease mapping, Southern blotting and DNA sequencing showed that the DNase I gene was approximately 3·2 kilobases long, it comprised 9 (I‐IX) exons separated by eight introns and its complete sequence was determined. The first exon contained only the non‐translated sequences of mRNA. In addition to several putative regulatory elements, TATA‐like and CAAT‐like sequences were observed in the region upstream of the translation initiation codon. These results provide information that will help to understand the expression and regulation of DNase I. The isoelectric focusing patterns of human DNase I showed that it exhibits classical genetic polymorphism (Kishi et al. 1989, 1990). A comparison of the entire translated sequences of the DNase I gene from two pairs of individuals with common DNase I phenotypes 1 and 2 revealed only one nucleotide residue difference in exon VIII, A for phenotype 1 and G for phenotype 2, thus producing Gin and Arg amino acid substitutions respectively at position 222 from the NH2‐terminus of the mature enzyme. The predicted charge changes attributable to these amino acid substitutions are entirely consistent with the isoelectric focusing profiles of these two DNase I isozymes. We conclude that this substitution is solely responsible for the classical polymorphism of DNase I protein.
Tissue Expression of the Novel Serine Carboxypeptidase Scpep1

We previously identified a novel gene designated retinoid-inducible serine carboxypeptidase (RISC or Scpep1). Here we characterize a polyclonal antibody raised to Scpep1 and assess its localization in mouse cells and tissues. Western blot analysis revealed an immunospecific ∼35-kDa protein corresponding to endogenous Scpep1. This protein is smaller than the predicted ∼51-kDa, suggesting that Scpep1 is proteolytically cleaved to a mature enzyme. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrate Scpep1 expression in embryonic heart and vasculature as well as in adult aortic smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Scpep1 displays a broad expression pattern in adult tissues with detectable levels in epithelia of digestive tract and urinary bladder, islet of Langerhans, type II alveolar cells and macrophages of lung, macrophage-like cells of lymph nodes and spleen, Leydig cells of testis, and nerve fibers in brain and ganglia. Consistent with previous mRNA studies in kidney, Scpep1 protein is restricted to proximal convoluted tubular epithelium (PCT). Immunoelectron microscopy shows enriched Scpep1 within lysosomes of the PCT, and immunofluorescence microscopy colocalizes Scpep1 with lysosomal-associated membrane protein-2. These results suggest that Scpep1 is a widely distributed lysosomal protease requiring proteolytic cleavage for activity. The highly specific Scpep1 antibody characterized herein provides a necessary reagent for elucidating Scpep1 function.
On the nucleation of dust in oxygen-rich stellar outflows

Understanding the nature of dust condensation in the outflow from oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch stars is a continuing problem. A kinetic model has been developed to describe the formation of gas-phase precursors from Ca, Mg, Fe, SiO and TiO in an outflow cooling from 1500 to 1000 K. Electronic structure calculations are used to identify efficient reaction pathways that lead to the formation of metal titanates and silicates. The molecular properties of the stationary points on the relevant potential energy surfaces are then used in a multi-well master equation solver to calculate pertinent rate coefficients. The outflow model couples an explicit treatment of gas-phase chemistry to a volume-conserving particle growth model. CaTiO3 is shown to be the overwhelming contributor to the formation of condensation nuclei (CN), with less than 0.01 per cent provided by CaSiO3, (TiO2)2 and FeTiO3. Magnesium species make a negligible contribution. Defining CN as particles with radii greater than 2 nm, the model shows that for stellar mass loss rates above 3×10−5 M⊙ yr−1, more than 10−13 CN per H nucleus will be produced when the outflow temperature is still well above 1000 K. This is sufficient to explain the observed number density of grains in circumstellar dust shells.
Impact of delivered tidal volume on the occurrence of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants during positive pressure ventilation in the delivery room

Background and objectives Delivery of inadvertent high tidal volume (VT) during positive pressure ventilation (PPV) in the delivery room is common. High VT delivery during PPV has been associated with haemodynamic brain injury in animal models. We examined if VT delivery during PPV at birth is associated with brain injury in preterm infants <29 weeks’ gestation. Methods A flow-sensor was placed between the mask and the ventilation device. VT values were compared with recently described reference ranges for VT in spontaneously breathing preterm infants at birth. Infants were divided into two groups: VT<6 mL/kg or VT>6 mL/kg (normal and high VT, respectively). Brain injury (eg, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH)) was assessed using routine ultrasound imaging within the first days after birth. Results A total of 165 preterm infants were included, 124 (75%) had high VT and 41 (25%) normal VT. The mean (SD) gestational age and birth weight in high and normal VT group was similar, 26 (2) and 26 (1) weeks, 858 (251) g and 915 (250) g, respectively. IVH in the high VT group was diagnosed in 63 (51%) infants compared with 5 (13%) infants in the normal VT group (P=0.008). Severe IVH (grade III or IV) developed in 33/124 (27%) infants in the high VT group and 2/41 (6%) in the normal VT group (P=0.01). Conclusions High VT delivery during mask PPV at birth was associated with brain injury. Strategies to limit VT delivery during mask PPV should be used to prevent high VT delivery.
Validation of the Accuracy of a Transport Ventilator Utilizing a Pediatric Animal Model

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate 2 transport ventilators utilizing both a test lung and a pediatric animal model. Methods Two transport ventilators were utilized for evaluations. A test lung or intubated, sedated pigs (n = 9) with healthy and injured lungs were ventilated using control and support modes. A test lung was used to evaluate alarm responsiveness, FIO2 accuracy, oxygen consumption, and duration of battery power. Pigs were utilized to evaluate the exhalation valve, ventilator response, volume accuracy, and noninvasive functionality. Respiratory mechanics were determined using a forced oscillation technique, and airway flow and pressure waveforms were acquired utilizing a pneumotachograph. Results For both ventilators, FIO2 accuracy was within 10% error. On an E cylinder of oxygen, the EMV+ operated for 3 hours 48 minutes and the LTV 1200 for 1 hour 4 minutes. On battery power, the LTV 1200 ventilated for 6 hours 51 minutes and the EMV+ for 12 hours 8 minutes. Ventilator response time was less (36%), and delta pressure was greater (38%) for the EMV+ utilizing noninvasive ventilation. The percent error for displayed volume was less than 10% for the EMV+. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrate that there are differences between the 2 ventilators in regard to oxygen consumption, duration of battery power, and volume accuracy. Clinicians should be aware of these differences to optimize the choice and use of both ventilators depending on clinical need/setting.
ABSENCE OF SEPTAL Q WAVES: An Important Predictor of Significant Coronary Artery Disease and Mainly Proximal Stenosis of the Left Anterior Descending Artery.

AIMS Data concerning the correlation between the absence of septal q waves and significant stenosis of proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery shows conflicting results. This retrospective study was conducted to show that absence of septal q waves in leads V5-V6 could be of value in predicting significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and mainly significant proximal LAD coronary artery stenosis. METHODS Our study included 500 consecutive patients who had coronary angiography, retrospectively chosen, excluding patients with acute coronary syndromes, and patients with abnormal ECGs (abnormal QRS duration, pathological q waves and hemiblocks). ECG and angiography films were reviewed. For the 2x2 tables analysis, a chi-square test was used. RESULTS Of the 500 patients, 386 had significant CAD defined as 70% luminal stenosis, and 260 had no septal q wave. Of the 386 patients with significant CAD, 233 (60%) did not have septal q waves. Of 260 who did not have septal q wave, 192 (73%) had significant stenosis of proximal LAD. Statistical analysis shows that significant CAD correlates with the absence of septal q waves, with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 76%, and that stenosis of proximal LAD could be predicted by absence of septal q waves in leads V5-V6 with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 74%. CONCLUSION The absence of septal q waves in leads V5-V6 on the ECG correlates with the presence of significant CAD and is of highly predictive value in those with significant stenosis of proximal LAD (p < 0.0001).
Nawacita Sebagai Strategi Khusus Jokowi Periode Oktober 2014-20 Oktober 2015

idea of Bung Karno about Trisakti is enlarged by Jokowi as the superior strategy; sovereign in 12 programs of political field, self-reliant in 16 programs of economics and personality in 3 programs of culture, by taking into account the contemporary context, hence, it is prioritized 9 (nine) main programs or Nawacita --- as the instruments of operational strategies to become a bigger Indonesia. The content ideas of Nawacita is the economics equity for infrastructure developments as for development dialectics. It is equal to political developments since Old Era, New Era, and Reformation Era. By using qualitative method, political development strategies approaches, and the theory of National interest, hence, it is clearly seen that the political sovereignty created political equity in solving the labors issue and businessman --- to assure the protection of labors and business for the businessman to give their capital investments in domestic due to create liberal economics system and the ideological paradox. Consequently, the economic independence is needed: infrastructure developments as the connector of each island in some areas as the process of central development equity both physical and mental development. As for cultural personality: to bring back the basic philosophy of Pancasila as the guide of the nation’s development path and character. Keywords: Political developments, Trisakti, & Nawacita Gagasan Trisakti Bung Karno, diperluas Jokowi sebagai strategi khusus, yakni berdaulat dalam bidang politik 12 program, berdikari dalam ekonomi 16 program dan berkepribadian dalam budaya 3 program, dengan mempertimbangkan konteks kekinian, maka, diprioritaskan 9 (sembilan) program utama atau Nawacita --- sebagai instrumen langkah-langkah taktis operasional jalan perubahan menuju Indonesia yang lebih besar. Isi gagasan Nawacita adalah pemerataan ekonomi untuk pembangunan infrastruktur sebagai dialektika pembangunan. Hal tersebut selaras dengan pembangunan politik semenjak Orde Lama, Orde Baru, Orde Reformasi. Lewat metode kualitatif dan pendekatan strategi pembangunan politik, serta teori tentang kepentingan nasional, maka, tampak dengan jelas betapa kedaulatan politik melahirkan politik keseimbangan dalam mengatasi masalah buruh dan pengusaha --- untuk memberikan kepastian perlindungan buruh dan kepastian usaha bagi pengusaha menanamkan investasi modalnya di dalam negeri sehingga menimbulkan sistem ekonomi lebih liberal dan terjadi paradoks ideologisasi. Untuk itu, maka, diperlukan kemandirian Ekonomi: pembangunan infrastruktur sebagai penghubung antar pulau-pulau di daerah sebagai proses pemerataan pembangunan pusat dan daerah yang Indonesiasentris baik pembangunan fisik maupun pembangunan mental, sedang pada Kepribadian Budaya: Mengembalikan filosofi dasar atau falsafah dasar kita Pancasila sebagai penuntun jalan pembangunan bangsa dan pembangunan karakter.
No-Reflow Phenomenon: Maintaining Vascular Integrity

The no-reflow phenomenon relates to the inability to reperfuse regions of the myocardium after ischemia, despite removal of the large epicardial coronary artery occlusion. The mechanism involves microvascular obstruction. In experimental studies, using markers for flow (thioflavin S, carbon black, microspheres), perfusion defects associated with no-reflow demonstrated ultrastructural evidence of localized endothelial swelling and blebs that appeared to obstruct flow. In humans no-reflow is more complicated due to the microemboli of atherosclerotic debris and thrombi generated by percutaneous coronary intervention. The no-reflow zone expands during the first few hours of reperfusion suggesting an element of reperfusion injury. In animal models, extensive no-reflow was associated with worse infarct expansion. The phenomenon of no-reflow following reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction in humans has been demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging, echo contrast agents, thallium, technecium-99m-labeled albumin microspheres, Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) scores, and myocardial blush grade. Patients exhibiting no-reflow following reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction have greater left ventricular dilation and remodeling, more congestive heart failure, shock, and reduced survival. Certain vasodilators (adenosine, nitroprusside, nicorandil, and calcium blockers) are used acutely in the catheterization laboratory and appear to improve no-reflow, but systematic studies on therapy for no-reflow are needed. There is now clinical evidence that no-reflow is a strong predictor of long-term mortality that is independent of and beyond that provided by infarct size. Identifying and treating no-reflow may have important benefits including enhancing delivery of nutrients and cells required for healing and reducing infarct expansion and ventricular remodeling, which ultimately may reduce congestive heart failure and mortality.