Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relación entre consultas a urgencias por enfermedad respiratoria y contaminación atmosférica en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua

Objective. To assess the relationship of ≤10 μm particles (PM 10 ) and atmospheric ozone concentrations, with the daily number of emergency visits due to asthma and acute respiratory diseases, among children aged under 15, living in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. Material and methods. Between 1998 and 1999, an ecologic study was conducted. Atmospheric data were obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), from eight monitoring stations located in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, and El Paso,
Benchmarking Safe Exploration in Deep Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents need to explore their environments in order to learn optimal policies by trial and error. In many environments, safety is a critical concern and certain errors are unacceptable: for example, robotics systems that interact with humans should never cause injury to the humans while exploring. While it is currently typical to train RL agents mostly or entirely in simulation, where safety concerns are minimal, we anticipate that challenges in simulating the complexities of the real world (such as human-AI interactions) will cause a shift towards training RL agents directly in the real world, where safety concerns are paramount. Consequently we take the position that safe exploration should be viewed as a critical focus area for RL research, and in this work we make three contributions to advance the study of safe exploration. First, building on a wide range of prior work on safe reinforcement learning, we propose to standardize constrained RL as the main formalism for safe exploration. Second, we present the Safety Gym benchmark suite, a new slate of high-dimensional continuous control environments for measuring research progress on constrained RL. Finally, we benchmark several constrained deep RL algorithms on Safety Gym environments to establish baselines that future work can build on.
Occult hepatitis C virus infection in a re-transplanted patient with liver failure of unknown etiology

Summary A new clinical scenario called Occult Hepatitis C Virus infection has been recently described (HCV-Oc); it can only be characterized by molecular analysis, due that serological marker by ELISA are not detected. The aim of the present study was to identify the Hepatitis C Virus infection in a patient re-transplanted by hepatic failure of unknown etiology. For this, RNA obtained from different sources (Liver tissue, serum, plasma and buffy coat) was assessed by a RT-PCR protocol that specifi cally targeted the HCV 5’UTR, showing the presence of HCV genome just in liver tissue explants. When viral sequences were analyzed, the strains belonged to HCV genotype 1a. Our study corresponds to the fi rst report in the world of HCV-Oc due to HCV genotype 1a, in liver retransplantation context. We recommend having in mind this new clinical scenario into the differential diagnosis of patients with cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and/or hepatic failure of unknown etiology.
The sedimentary record of wet and dry eolian systems in the Cretaceous of Southeast Brazil: stratigraphic and paleogeographic significance

Sedimentologic and stratigraphic studies of paleo-deserts from the Brazilian Cretaceous are of great potential to understand the paleoclimate and paleogeography of Gondwana during its final rifting stage. Herein, we describe and discuss two depositional units characterized by two distinct eolian systems that are bounded by a long-lived unconformity. The Lower Unit (Barremian/Aptian) encompasses a wet eolian system composed of dune, interdunes, and ephemeral alluvial deposits. A continuous paleosol horizon in the upper part of the Lower Unit records dune stabilization and end of eolian accumulation, in a period of climate amelioration possibly in the late Aptian. The stratigraphic gap proposed for the unconformity (Cenomanian to Coniacian) coincides with the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum. The Upper Unit (Santonian? / Campanian) comprises dune fields of a dry eolian system capped by the Mata da Corda volcanic rocks. Cross stratification dip directions from both eolian systems shows transport towards SSW. Paleo-winds coming from the northeast quadrant reveal that the continental breakup and drifting had little influence on the surface winds in this Gondwana sector. The Upper Cretaceous paleo-winds are coherent with global paleo-circulation models, based on a high-pressure cell over the South Atlantic proto-ocean, favoring desertification in the inner portion of the southwestern Gondwana.
Coherent Modeling of the Risk in Mortality Projections: A Semi-Parametric Approach∗

Unlike conventional approaches to modeling mortality risk, this paper considers uncertainties in mortality projections rather than uncertainties in realized mortality rates. Specifically, we conduct our analysis on a time series of mortality forecasts generated based on a rolling window of annual mortality data and a fixed forecasting methodology. We find that one to two factors are capable of capturing the great majority of all the variation in the data, and that the shape of these factors is very similar across different forecasting methodologies and populations. Relying on a semi-parametric representation that encompasses all self-consistent models with transitions parameterized by Normal-Distributed random vectors, we identify and estimate suitable models for the dynamic evolution of mortality forecasts. Example applications show that resulting error estimates are considerably different from conventional approaches. Hence, the resulting models present coherent, parsimonious, and tractable workhorses in situations where the appraisal of risks within mortality projections is important.
STUDYING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TINNITUS IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO NOISE IN THE ICF FRAMEWORK

Tinnitus has been increasingly prevalent among workers exposed to occupational noise and is evolving as a major occupational health concern in recent times. Its impact is not only subjective but also psychosocial in nature. Present study analyses the functional impairment, activity limitation and participation restriction caused due to tinnitus in workers exposed to occupational noise in (WHO) ICF framework. 42 male adults (age between 35 to 55 years) working in noisy environments underwent routine audiologic and tinnitus assessment and responded to Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (mapped to the ICF domains). Tinnitus reported was predominantly bilateral (61.9%), ringing (42.9%) or buzzing (21.4%) type with low frequency (≤1kHz) (42.9%) and moderate intensity (within 30dBSL) (42.9%), sporadic in nature (52.3%) occurring more than once in a day (90.4%). Subjects working in high continuous noise (above LAeq8hrs 90dBA) and high intensity impulse noise sites (above Lmax 105dB) exhibited greater tinnitus severity. There was moderate positive correlation [rs (8)=0.571, p<0.0005] between scores of Body Functions (BF) and Activities and Participation (AP). Domain specific results showed ‘mental function’, ‘domestic life’ and ‘general tasks’ to be more severely affected with high mean scores. Younger age group participants showed poorer scores in domains of AP than their older counterparts. However low gamma score of 0.013 indicated no variation in overall tinnitus severity scores across the two age groups. Results suggests tinnitus in workers exposed to noise do affect their functioning abilities in daily activities. Abbreviation: WHO: World Health Organisation ICF: International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health
Interpolation and Extrapolation

We define Lorentz-Zygmund spaces, generalized Lorentz-Zygmund spaces, slowly varying functions, and Lorentz-Karamata spaces. To get an interpolation characterization of Lorentz-Karamata spaces, we examine the Kand the J-method of real interpolation with function parameters in quasi-Banach spaces. In particular, we study the Kalugina class BK and prove the Equivalence Theorem and the Reiteration Theorem with function parameters. Finally, we define the ∆ and Σ method of extrapolation and achieve an extrapolation characterization that allows us, in particular, to characterize generalized Lorentz-Zygmund spaces by Lorentz spaces.
Cost-Utility Analysis of Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum versus Fasciectomy for Dupuytren ́S Contracture

Original Research Article Objective: The main aim of this cohort study was to determine which option is more cost-effectiveness for treatment of Dupuytren ́s contracture (DC); partial fasciectomy (FSC) or a single administration of collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum (CCH), with a six months follow-up thereafter. Material and Methods: The cohort study prospective compared FSC patients (n= 48) and CCH patients (n= 43). Incremental cost-utility ratios (ICUR) was calculated based on a case-control study (CCH vs. FSC) and extrapolated to a life-time horizon, adjusted by age and sex. We performed a deterministic, probabilistic (bootstrapping method) and structural sensitivity analysis to validate our results. Results: The effectiveness observed in patients who underwent FSC was 87.5% and 67.4% for those who received a CCH infiltration, with similar complications (18%). The average cost per patient in the CCH group was of 1168.19€ (CI95%: 1131.63 to 1204.74€) and 1420.19€ (CI95%: 1411.41 to 1428.97€) for FSC group. The most influential variable is the acquisition cost of CCH. If threshold decision is 20000 or 30000€/QALY, the probability to choose CCH versus FSC at finish follow-up is over 50%. Conclusions: We conclude that one CCH injection is a costeffectiveness alternative in the treatment of DC in comparison to FSC.
Studies on Induced Chemical Mutagenesis in Bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

Mutation breeding in crop plants is an effective approach in improvement of crop having narrow genetic base such as Bhendi or okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). The main objective of the present study is to determine the effect of different concentration of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and diethyl sulphate (DES) (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.00%). The observations were recorded in M1 and M2 generations on different morphology and yield characteristics. The morphology and yield characters such as days of first flower, root length, shoot length, seedling survival, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, seed yield per plant, fresh weight per plant, dry weight per plant, and 100 seed weight. Effects of EMS and DES treatment were observed in M1 generation gradually reduced in all parameters except days to first flower to increase concentration of treatment. In M2 populations, the significant increase of grain yields and yield components of Bhendi were observed. Potential high yielding mutants were identified in progenies of treated seeds.
Dose-response relationship between a supplemented microbial phytase and utilisation of phosphorus from a maize/soybean meal-based diet in pekin ducks Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung zwischen der Supplementierung einer mikrobiellen Phytase und der Verwertung von Phosphor aus einer Mais/Soja-basierten Mischu

In cereals and legume seeds up to two third of total phosphorus (P) are present in the form of phytic acid and its salts (Eeckhout and De Paepe, 1994). Similar like in pigs and other poultry species, this part is hardly available to ducks in case that no phytase is contained in the diet, causing an overall low efficiency of utilisation of P in plant-based diets (Farrell et al., 1993; Rodehutscord et al., 2003). Consequently, diets are commonly supplemented with inorganic P salts to meet the duck’s requirement for available P. It is well-known, that the supplementation of microbially produced phytases can substantially improve the availability of plant P to pigs and poultry, first demonstrated by Nelson et al. (1968). Since some phytase preparations got approval, they are widely used in diets for broilers, laying hens, and turkeys, and their efficiency has often been documented (e.g. Schöner et al., 1993; Ravindran et al., 1995; Oloffs et al., 2000). Since the increase in availability of plant P allows for saving inorganic phosphates in feed compounding, the P output by the animals and the amount of P spread with manure can be reduced. Furthermore, the ban of meat and bone meals from feeding pigs and poultry in the EU made substantial amounts of phosphates inevitably disappearing from the food chain (Rodehutscord et al., 2002). This gap could easily be filled by increased use of inorganic phosphates, but this is a very critical point from the view of responsible resource management as it depends on limited rock phosphate stores (Mengel, 1997). The use of phytase as feed additive in duck diets is currently not approved in the European Union. It can be assumed, however, that phytase works with similar efficiency in ducks like in other growing poultry species and that similar benefit can be expected regarding the efficiency of P utilisation and, consequently, the excretion of P under intensive production systems. Although some studies have already been conducted with phytase in ducks, these did not comprise more than two supplementary levels between 750 and 1500 U/kg (Farrell et al., 1993; Farrell and Martin, 1998; Martin et al., 1998; Orban et al., 1999). Dose-response relationships have not been established so far and efficiency values cannot be generated, particularly at low supplementary levels. As this is the basis for future inclusion of phytase in diet compounding, we conducted this experiment to describe such relationship.
Cost Shielding in Executive Bonus Plans

Executive bonus plans often incorporate performance measures that exclude particular costs—a practice we refer to as “cost shielding. ” Based on an agency theoretic framework, we predict that boards use cost shielding to (i) mitigate managerial myopia and (ii) encourage newer executives to disregard sunk costs associated with prior executives’ actions. Consistent with our first prediction, we find evidence that boards use cost shielding to deter myopic underinvestment in intangibles and encourage managers to take advantage of growth opportunities. Consistent with our second prediction, we find that boards tend to shield newly hired executives from costs arising from prior executives’ decisions, and this cost shielding diminishes over the course of executives’ tenure. Collectively, our results provide insight into the purpose of bonus plans and are consistent with the notion that boards deliberately choose performance metrics that alleviate agency conflicts.
A unique temperate rocky coastal hydrothermal vent system (Whakaari–White Island, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand): constraints for ocean acidification studies

In situ effects of ocean acidification are increasingly studied at submarine CO2 vents. Here we present a preliminary investigation into the water chemistry and biology of cool temperate CO2 vents near Whakaari–White Island, New Zealand. Water samples were collected inside three vent shafts, within vents at a distance of 2m from the shaft and at control sites. Vent samples contained both seawater pH on the total scale (pHT) and carbonate saturation states that were severely reduced, creating conditions as predicted for beyond the year 2100. Vent samples showed lower salinities, higher temperatures and greater nutrient concentrations. Sulfide levels were elevated and mercury levels were at concentrations considered toxic at all vent and control sites, but stable organic and inorganic ligands were present, as deduced from Cu speciation data, potentially mediating harmful effects on local organisms. The biological investigations focused on phytoplankton, zooplankton and macroalgae. Interestingly, we found lower abundances but higher diversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton at sites in the direct vicinity of Whakaari. Follow-up studies will need a combination of methods and approaches to attribute observations to specific drivers. The Whakaari vents represent a unique ecosystem with considerable biogeochemical complexity, which, like many other vent systems globally, require care in their use as a model of ‘future oceans’.
Trajectory Generation and Control for Quadrotor Grasping and Perching

When quadrotors are placed in real world environments, it will be desirable to perch or land as well as grasp objects reliably and in a timely manner. This paper explores and demonstrates a variety of methods that can be used for such planning and control. The differential flatness of a quadrotor is leveraged to enable planning in a simplified state space, which allows for algebraic and numerical methods for generating optimal trajectories. Additionally, three different controllers, including a non-linear controller on SE(3), will be discussed. The results of simulated controllers and real trajectories are presented.
Hardware API for Lightweight Cryptography ⋆

In this paper, we define the Lightweight Cryptography (LWC) Hardware Application Programming Interface (API) for the implementations of lightweight authenticated ciphers, hash functions, and cores combining both functionalities. In particular, our API is intended to meet the requirements of all candidates submitted to the NIST Lightweight Cryptography standardization process. The major parts of our specification include minimum compliance criteria, interface, communication protocol, and timing characteristics supported by the LWC core. All of these criteria have been defined with the goals of guaranteeing (a) compatibility among implementations of the same algorithm by different designers, and (b) fair benchmarking of hardware cores implementing an authenticated cipher, a hash function, or both functionalities. Since 2016, a similar API has been successfully used to implement and benchmark all candidates qualified to Rounds 2 and 3 of the CAESAR competition for authenticated ciphers.
The Effect of Human Resources Management on Employees Retention in IBM Corporation

The study investigates HRM practices and their effect on employee retention in the International Business Machine (IBM) Corporations. Organizational success and growth depend on retaining key employees; however, nowadays, organizations are facing a notable challenge in retaining staff (Haider et al., 2015). The research used IBM? s human resources management secondary data consists of 1470 sample size. Established the study? s independent and dependent variables, the reliability coefficient of 0.899 and the model? s adjusted r-square of 91% (p
Body donation in India: a review -

The study of anatomy is inseparable from cadaveric dissection. However scarcity of cadavers is felt all over the world. Body donation is the preferred and major source of cadavers worldwide. It is defined as an informed and free act of giving one’s whole body after death for medical education and research. This article gives a brief review of history of body donation. It reveals the details about who can donate and who can accept the body along with procedure followed to donate body in India. It discusses the donors’ attitude behind body donation and factors preventing people from body donation. It deals with approach of various religions towards body donation. It discusses some important ways to overcome the scarcity of bodies in India and the world.
Effect of seed size and plant growth on nodulation and nodule development in lima bean

Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) cultivars vary widely in their growth habit and seed size. Preliminary experiments indicated that a large-seeded pole cultivar (King of the Garden) formed many more nodules than a small-seeded bush cultivar (Henderson). The relative importance of seed size and shoot mass in determining nodule number and mass was assessed in five lima bean cultivars differing in seed size and growth habit. Between cultivars, significant positive correlations between initial seed mass, plant weight and nodule number and mass were observed during the first four weeks after planting. Comparisons within cultivars indicated a strong correlation between nodule mass and shoot dry weight. The influence of plant morphology on nodule formation and mass was secondary to the effects of seed and shoot mass. As plants matured, the increase in nodule mass paralleled the increase in plant mass, while nodule number was relatively stable after day 18. These results suggest that the highly regulated process of nodule formation was under the influence of seed derived factors, while the continued accumulation of nodule tissue was related to shoot growth. Abbreviations: D A P days after planting, D W dry weight, F W fresh weight, K O G cultivar King of the Garden.
Regular Free Length Functions on Lyndon’s Free Z[t]-group F Z[t]

Let F = F (X) be a free group with basis X and Z[t] be the ring of integer polynomials in t. In this paper we represent elements of Lyndon’s free Z[t]-group FZ[t] by infinite words defined as functions w : [1, fw] → X±1 over closed intervals [1, fw] = {a ∈ Z[t] | 1 6 a 6 fw} in the additive group of Z[t], viewed as an ordered abelian group. This naturally provides a regular free Lyndon length function L : w → fw on FZ[t] with values in Z[t]. It follows that every finitely generated fully residually free group has a free length function with values in a free abelian group Zn of finite rank with the lexicographic order. This technique allows one to solve various algorithmic problems for FZ[t] using the standard Nielsen cancellation argument for the length function L : FZ[t] → Z[t].
Family violence: tools for the orthopaedic surgeon.

Nineteen patients, five years or more following nerve suture, were examined by an exacting two-point discrimination test and by a sensory-nerve-conduction-velocity study. The conduction velocity, which normally correlates well with the diameter of nerve fibers did not correlate with the two-point discrimination test. Patients with very slow conduction times, hence small diameter neurons, often had nearly normal clinical return of sensation. Sutured nerves required greater electrical stimulus compared with control nerves before reaching maximum amplitude on the evoked potential. The clinical results, as measured in the two-point discrimination test, depended on whether the patient was a child or an adult at the time of suture. These findings show that sensory-nerve-conduction velocity cannot be used to quantitate clinical results in studies in experimental animals. They further suggest that the adaptability of the young patient's central nervous system explains, at least in part, their better clinical results.
Secret Symmetries of Type IIB Superstring Theory on AdS3 x S3 x M4

We establish features of so-called Yangian secret symmetries for AdS3 type IIB superstring backgrounds thus verifying the persistence of such symmetries to this new instance of the AdS/CFT correspondence. Specifically, we find two a priori different classes of secret symmetry generators. One class of generators, anticipated from the previous literature, is more naturally embedded in the algebra governing the integrable scattering problem. The other class of generators is more elusive, and somewhat closer in its form to its higher-dimensional AdS5 counterpart. All of these symmetries respect left-right crossing. In addition, by considering the interplay between left and right representations, we gain a new perspective on the AdS5 case. We also study the RT T -realisation of the Yangian in AdS3 backgrounds thus establishing a new incarnation of the Beisert–de Leeuw construction.