Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From goal motivation to goal progress: the mediating role of coping in the Self-Concordance Model

Abstract The present studies examined the mediating role of self-regulatory mechanisms in the relationship between goal motivation and goal progress in the Self-Concordance Model. First, a systematic review, using meta-analytical path analysis, supported the mediating role of effort and action planning in the positive association between autonomous goal motivation and goal progress. Second, results from two additional empirical studies, using structural equation modeling, lent credence to the mediating role of coping in the relationship between goal motivation and goal progress of university students. Autonomous goal motivation was positively associated with task-oriented coping, which predicted greater goal progress during midterm exams (Study 1, N=702) and at the end of the semester in a different sample (Study 2, N=167). Controlled goal motivation was associated with greater disengagement-oriented coping (Study 1 and Study 2) and lesser use of task-oriented coping (Study 2), which reduced goal progress. These results held up after controlling for perceived stress (Study 2). Our findings highlight the importance of coping in the “inception-to-attainment” goal process because autonomous goal motivation indirectly rather than directly predicts goal progress of university students through their usage of task-oriented coping.
Improved radial basis function network for the heteroscedasticity noises

The paper presents an improved radial basis function network to degrade the influence of the heteroscedasticity noises in the training data. A general purpose learning algorithm is regarded as the statistical nonlinear regression model which is assumed the constant noise level. However, the heteroscedasticity noises always exist in the real data. The transformation based least trimmed squares-support vector regression radial basis function network (LTS-SVR RBFN) employs the Box-Cox transformation and the LTS-SVR to address this problem. From the experiment results, it is evident that our proposed method can be used in a more realistic data.
Receptor-Mediated Activation of Heterotrimeric G-Proteins in Living Cells

Receptor-mediated activation of heterotrimeric GTP–binding proteins (G-proteins) was visualized in living Dictyostelium discoideum cells by monitoring fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between α- and β- subunits fused to cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins. The G-protein heterotrimer rapidly dissociated and reassociated upon addition and removal of chemoattractant. During continuous stimulation, G-protein activation reached a dose-dependent steady-state level. Even though physiological responses subsided, the activation did not decline. Thus, adaptation occurs at another point in the signaling pathway, and occupied receptors, whether or not they are phosphorylated, catalyze the G-protein cycle. Construction of similar energy-transfer pairs of mammalian G-proteins should enable direct in situ mechanistic studies and applications such as drug screening and identifying ligands of newly found G-protein–coupled receptors.
Monte Carlo study of the liquid CdTe surface.

On etudie l'interface liquide-vapeur de CdTe par la technique Monte Carlo. Les interactions interatoniques sont modelisees par une combinaison de potentiels a deux corps et a trois corps en utilisant la forme proposee par Stillinger et Weker, mais avec les parametres ajustes aux energies d'atomisation du volume, des constantes de reseau, et des temperatures de fusion. La tension de surface est calculee par une evaluation de Monte Carlo directe de l'energie libre necessaire pour creer la surface. On observe que la region de la surface est riche en Cd
Fluoxetine-Resistance Genes in Caenorhabditis elegans Function in the Intestine and May Act in Drug Transport

Fluoxetine (Prozac) is one of the most widely prescribed pharmaceuticals, yet important aspects of its mechanism of action remain unknown. We previously reported that fluoxetine and related antidepressants induce nose muscle contraction of C. elegans. We also reported the identification and initial characterization of mutations in seven C. elegans genes that cause defects in this response (Nrf, nose resistant to fluoxetine). Here we present genetic evidence that the known nrf genes can be divided into two subgroups that confer sensitivity to fluoxetine-induced nose contraction by distinct pathways. Using both tissue-specific promoters and genetic mosaic analysis, we show that a gene from one of these classes, nrf-6, functions in the intestine to confer fluoxetine sensitivity. Finally, we molecularly identify nrf-5, another gene in the same class. The NRF-5 protein is homologous to a family of secreted lipid-binding proteins with broad ligand specificity. NRF-5 is expressed in the intestine and is likely secreted into the pseudocoelomic fluid, where it could function to transport fluoxetine. One model that explains these findings is that NRF-5 binds fluoxetine and influences its presentation or availability to in vivo targets.
Three Homologous Subunits Form a High Affinity Peptide-gated Ion Channel in Hydra*

Recently, three ion channel subunits of the degenerin (DEG)/epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) gene family have been cloned from the freshwater polyp Hydra magnipapillata, the Hydra Na+ channels (HyNaCs) 2–4. Two of them, HyNaC2 and HyNaC3, co-assemble to form an ion channel that is gated by the neuropeptides Hydra-RFamides I and II. The HyNaC2/3 channel is so far the only cloned ionotropic receptor from cnidarians and, together with the related ionotropic receptor FMRFamide-activated Na+ channel (FaNaC) from snails, the only known peptide-gated ionotropic receptor. The HyNaC2/3 channel has pore properties, like a low Na+ selectivity and a low amiloride affinity, that are different from other channels of the DEG/ENaC gene family, suggesting that a component of the native Hydra channel might still be lacking. Here, we report the cloning of a new ion channel subunit from Hydra, HyNaC5. The new subunit is closely related to HyNaC2 and -3 and co-localizes with HyNaC2 and -3 to the base of the tentacles. Coexpression in Xenopus oocytes of HyNaC5 with HyNaC2 and -3 largely increases current amplitude after peptide stimulation and affinity of the channel to Hydra-RFamides I and II. Moreover, the HyNaC2/3/5 channel has altered pore properties and amiloride affinity, more similarly to other DEG/ENaC channels. Collectively, our results suggest that the three homologous subunits HyNaC2, -3, and -5 form a peptide-gated ion channel in Hydra that could contribute to fast synaptic transmission.
The influence of the nasal mucosa and the carotid rete upon hypothalamic temperature in sheep

1. In chronically‐prepared sheep, intracranial temperatures were measured in the cavernous sinus among the vessels of the carotid rete and at the circle of Willis extravascularly, and in the preoptic area and in other brain stem regions. Extracranial temperatures were measured intravascularly in the carotid or internal maxillary arteries and on the nasal mucosa and the skin of the ear.
Mobile applications in tourism: the future of the tourism industry?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology with psychological constructs, namely, perceived playfulness, mobile innovativeness in information technology and perceived expressiveness (PEX) to examine on the consumers’ intention to adopt mobile applications (m-apps) as another mean in purchasing tourism-related product and services via their mobile devices. The study also included gender as moderating variable. Design/methodology/approach Partial least square-structural equation modeling approach was adopted to test the research framework using 474 valid respondents. Findings The results demonstrated that only performance expectancy and PEX are non-significant with the intention to adopt. In addition, gender was found to have a moderating effect between social influence and intention. Practical implications The study has several useful implications for researchers, m-apps developers, travel-related organizations and even government agencies when rendering m-apps services and disseminating information to their potential consumers. Originality/value The study contributes to the growing literature on m-apps in tourism from a developing country’s perspectives.
Qualidade de sistema de saúde pública: uma compreensão sistêmica no sul do Brasil

Resumo Este artigo aborda um estudo prospectivo sobre as ações de melhoria da qualidade do sistema de saúde pública do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), com o objetivo de identificar lacunas que impeçam o adequado funcionamento desse sistema e propor ações para alavancar seu desempenho, por meio da abordagem do Pensamento Sistêmico e Análise de Cenários. Quanto aos procedimentos de coleta e análise, foram utilizadas a coleta de dados secundários em bancos de dados de acesso público e a análise por julgamento em dinâmica de grupo multidisciplinar e por modelagem. Como resultado do trabalho, obteve-se a construção de um mapa, o qual evidencia os atores e as relações desse sistema dinâmico, possibilitando a identificação de possíveis cenários, pontos de alavancagem (como ações preventivas; investimento em saúde; infraestrutura: saneamento e segurança; conscientização da sociedade e capacitação dos profissionais de saúde) e a sugestão de estratégias classificadas nas perspectivas do governo (analisar as necessidades de investimentos na área de saúde e saneamento básico; adequar legislação; fomentar o desenvolvimento tecnológico das indústrias de bens para saúde); do Sistema de Saúde Público-Privados (entender a relação sistêmica; integrar as partes e atores; focar em ações primárias); da Educação (integrar a escola com os problemas da sociedade; melhorar a capacitação); das organizações de saúde (mapear as principais doenças incidentes; analisar a efetividade dos tratamentos; planejar ações preventivas; buscar inovação; focar no cliente) para auxiliar na melhoria de qualidade do sistema de saúde pública do RS.
Segregation of micron‐scale membrane sub‐domains in live murine sperm

Lipid rafts, membrane sub‐domains enriched in sterols and sphingolipids, are controversial because demonstrations of rafts have often utilized fixed cells. We showed in living sperm that the ganglioside GM1 localized to a micron‐scale membrane sub‐domain in the plasma membrane overlying the acrosome. We investigated four models proposed for membrane sub‐domain maintenance. GM1 segregation was maintained in live sperm incubated under non‐capacitating conditions, and after sterol efflux, a membrane alteration necessary for capacitation. The complete lack of GM1 diffusion to the post‐acrosomal plasma membrane (PAPM) in live cells argued against the transient confinement zone model. However, within seconds after cessation of sperm motility, GM1 dramatically redistributed several microns from the acrosomal sub‐domain to the post‐acrosomal, non‐raft sub‐domain. This redistribution was not accompanied by movement of sterols, and was induced by the pentameric cholera toxin subunit B (CTB). These data argued against a lipid–lipid interaction model for sub‐domain maintenance. Although impossible to rule out a lipid shell model definitively, mice lacking caveolin‐1 maintained segregation of both sterols and GM1, arguing against a role for lipid shells surrounding caveolin‐1 in sub‐domain maintenance. Scanning electron microscopy of sperm freeze‐dried without fixation identified cytoskeletal structures at the sub‐domain boundary. Although drugs used to disrupt actin and intermediate filaments had no effect on the segregation of GM1, we found that disulfide‐bonded proteins played a significant role in sub‐domain segregation. Together, these data provide an example of membrane sub‐domains extreme in terms of size and stability of lipid segregation, and implicate a protein‐based membrane compartmentation mechanism. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Graft and patient outcomes of zero‐human leucocyte‐antigen‐mismatched deceased and live donor kidney transplant recipients

Greater compatibility of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles between kidney donors and recipients may lead to improved graft outcomes. This study aimed to compare the incidence of acute rejection and graft failure in zero‐HLA‐mismatched recipients of living‐related (LD) and deceased donor (DD) kidney transplants. Using data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, we compared the risk of any acute rejection and biopsy‐proven acute rejection (BPAR) and graft failure in recipients of zero‐HLA‐mismatched kidneys between LD and DD using logistic and Cox regression models. Of the 931 zero‐HLA‐mismatched recipients transplanted between 1990 and 2012, 19 (2.0%) received kidneys from monozygotic/dizygotic twins (twin), 500 (53.7%) from nontwin LD and 412 (44.3%) from DD. Twin kidney transplant recipients did not experience rejection. Compared to DD transplant recipients, the risk of any acute rejection (adjusted odds ratio 0.52, 95%CI 0.34–0.79, P = 0.002) and overall graft failure (adjusted hazard ratio 0.55, 95%CI 0.41–0.73, P < 0.001) was significantly lower in LD recipients independent of initial immunosuppression, but not for BPAR (adjusted odds ratio 0.52, 95%CI 0.16–1.64, P = 0.263). Zero‐HLA‐mismatched DD kidney transplant recipients have a significantly higher risk of any acute rejection episodes and graft loss compared to zero‐HLA‐mismatched LD kidney transplant recipients. A cautious and careful approach in reducing immunosuppression appears to be warranted in this group of transplant recipients.
Changes in overactive bladder symptoms after discontinuation of successful 3-month treatment with an antimuscarinic agent: a prospective trial.

PURPOSE We measured changes in overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms after the discontinuation of successful 3-month treatment with an antimuscarinic agent and the pretreatment factors that contributed to re-treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 68 women who reported improvement in OAB symptoms after 4 weeks of treatment with 20 mg propiverine hydrochloride daily were prospectively enrolled in a protocol consisting of 8 more weeks of medication and a 4-week discontinuation period. Frequency-volume charts were assessed before treatment, after 12 weeks of therapy and 4 weeks after discontinuation along with a questionnaire assessing satisfaction with treatment and desire for further treatment. The Indevus Urgency Severity Score was used to quantify the degree of urgency and changes during treatment. Changes in frequency, nocturia, and urgency score at 12 and 16 weeks were evaluated. Pretreatment factors leading to re-treatment were determined, including patient characteristics, voiding symptom parameters and urodynamic indexes. RESULTS OAB symptoms at 16 weeks (4 weeks after the cessation of antimuscarinic medication) were improved compared with baseline but worse than after 12 weeks. At baseline, and 12 and 16 weeks mean daily frequency was 11.2, 7.3 and 8.3, mean nocturia frequency was 1.6, 0.4 and 0.8, and the urgency score was 1.7, 0.6 and 1.2, respectively. The re-treatment rate was 35.3%. Patients in the re-treatment group were significantly older (58.8 vs 47.3 years, p <0.001) and had higher initial urgency scores (1.9 vs 1.6, p = 0.034) than those requiring no further treatment. Of 23 patients who underwent a urodynamic study those without detrusor overactivity (DO) maintained significant improvement regarding frequency after cessation of medication, whereas those with DO did not, although their frequency was improved compared with baseline (p = 0.02). The re-treatment rate was higher in patients with DO but the difference was not statistically significant (60.9% vs 39.1%, p = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS Of patients 35% sought re-treatment 1 month after the discontinuation of antimuscarinic therapy. Patients older than 55 years or those with severe urgency may more frequently receive re-treatment and patients with DO may experience more rapid symptom recurrence after medication discontinuation.
Cuing Consumerism

Correlational evidence indicates that materialistic individuals experience relatively low levels of well-being. Across four experiments, we found that situational cuing can also trigger materialistic mind-sets, with similarly negative personal and social consequences. Merely viewing desirable consumer goods resulted in increases in materialistic concerns and led to heightened negative affect and reduced social involvement (Experiment 1). Framing a computer task as a “Consumer Reaction Study” led to a stronger automatic bias toward values reflecting self-enhancement, compared with framing the same task as a “Citizen Reaction Study” (Experiment 2). Consumer cues also increased competitiveness (Experiment 3) and selfishness in a water-conservation dilemma (Experiment 4). Thus, the costs of materialism are not localized only in particularly materialistic people, but can also be found in individuals who happen to be exposed to environmental cues that activate consumerism—cues that are commonplace in contemporary society.
Evaluation of milk compositional variables on coagulation properties using partial least squares

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of numerous milk compositional factors on milk coagulation properties using Partial Least Squares (PLS). Milk from herds of Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cattle was collected across the year and blended (n=55), to maximise variation in composition and coagulation. The milk was analysed for casein, protein, fat, titratable acidity, lactose, Ca2+, urea content, micelles size, fat globule size, somatic cell count and pH. Milk coagulation properties were defined as coagulation time, curd firmness and curd firmness rate measured by a controlled strain rheometer. The models derived from PLS had higher predictive power than previous models demonstrating the value of measuring more milk components. In addition to the well-established relationships with casein and protein levels, CMS and fat globule size were found to have as strong impact on all of the three models. The study also found a positive impact of fat on milk coagulation properties and a strong relationship between lactose and curd firmness, and urea and curd firmness rate, all of which warrant further investigation due to current lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanism. These findings demonstrate the importance of using a wider range of milk compositional variables for the prediction of the milk coagulation properties, and hence as indicators of milk suitability for cheese making.
The study of parameter structural estimation of first price auction based on the case of risk aversion

As a parameter structural estimation used in many fields, improved MLE (maximum likelihood estimation) only applies to the case of risk neutrality, which cannot explain agents' behavior well. This paper generalizes the method to the risk aversion case when there exists two kinds of bid numbers, and gives a simple estimation procedure. Monte Carlo simulation experiment with four different risk aversion parameters including risk neutral case is used to verify the feasibility of the estimation procedure. The experimental results suggests that the estimation procedure can do a reasonable job in estimating the structural parameters of the first-price sealed-bid auction for risk aversion as well as risk neutrality cases, which provides an new idea for the application of the improved MLE.
Corporate Governance Strukturen zur Lösung von Koordinations- und Anreizproblemen bei Auftreten spezifischer Investitionsprobleme

Bereits seit Beginn des letzten Jahrhunderts wird in der betriebswirtschaftlichen Fachliteratur die Frage nach der adaquaten Ausgestaltung von Mechanismen zur Unternehmenssteuerung nachgedacht. Schon von Schmalenbach (1909) und Hirshleifer (1956) wurde die Frage diskutiert, ob das Unternehmen eher zentral durch Vorgaben der Unternehmensfuhrung oder dezentral durch Entscheidungen einzelner Unternehmensbereiche gesteuert werden sollte. Im von Schmalenbach (1909) und Hirshleifer (1956) untersuchten Modellrahmen wurde dabei jedoch die Aquivalenz von zentraler Planung uber Mengenvorgaben und dezentraler Steuerung uber Verrechnungspreise gezeigt. Dieses Dilemma der pretialen Lenkung konnte auch durch agency-theoretische Analysen, welche auf diesen neoklassischen Untersuchungen aufbauen, nicht adaquat gelost werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht erneut dieses Dilemma der pretialen Lenkung in einer Welt unvollstandiger Vertrage. Dabei wird auf dem schon von Baldenius und Reichelstein (1998) und Baldenius u. a. (1999) adaptierten Modellrahmen aufgebaut. Es wird gezeigt, dass eine zentrale Mengenplanung im Vergleich zu einer dezentralen Steuerung mit Verrechnungspreisen uberlegen ist, wenn eine hinreichend positive Korrelation zwischen Kosten- und Erlosentwicklung besteht. Das bisher in der Diskussion vernachlassigte Verhaltnis der Markte, auf denen das Unternehmen agiert, ruckt damit in den Mittelpunkt der Uberlegungen. Neben dieser grundlegenden Fragestellung soll dem Missstand Rechnung getragen werden, dass es in der aktuellen Verrechnungspreisliteratur an einer Ubersicht uber die gangigen in Theorie und Praxis betrachteten Transferpreismechanismen mangelt. Dazu werden die gebrauchlichsten Verfahren an einen einheitlichen Modellrahmen angepasst, untersucht und miteinander verglichen. Schon vorhandene Vergleiche in der Literatur werden dabei berucksichtigt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Entscheidung, welcher Steuerungsmechanismus implementiert werden sollte, im Spannungsfeld zwischen optimaler Informationsverarbeitung und akkurater Investitionsanreize getroffen werden muss.
Subcutaneously administered apomorphine

Article Abstract— Apomorphine is a non-narcotic morphine derivative that acts as a potent dopaminergic agonist. Its high first-pass hepatic metabolism prevents effectiveness by the oral route; instead, subcutaneous injection is the usual route, and intranasal, sublingual, rectal, and iontophoretic transdermal delivery has been investigated for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The rate of uptake after subcutaneous injection is influenced by factors such as location, temperature, depth of injection, and body fat. Studies have shown the latency of onset to clinical effect after s.c. injection ranged from 7.3 to 14 minutes. Cerebrospinal fluid Tmaxlags behind plasma Tmax by 10 to 20 minutes. Considerable intersubject variability is found with pharmacokinetic variables; in some studies there are five- to tenfold differences in Cmaxand area-under-the-concentration-time-curve seen in PD patients. Apomorphine metabolism occurs through several enzymatic pathways, including N-demethylation, sulfation, glucuronidation, and catechol-O-methyltransferase as well as by nonenzymatic oxidation. The complexities of apomorphine uptake, distribution, and clearance probably contribute to its variability of clinical actions.