Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emittance measurements of the Advanced Photon Source photocathode rf gun

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) photocathode rf gun is the primary beam source for the APS Low-Energy Undulator Test Line (LEUTL) free-electron laser (FEL) experiment. In the current operating regime of LEUTL, peak current has been the dominant factor in determining FEL performance. As LEUTL's operational wavelength is reduced, however, the beam emittance will play an increasingly important role. Thus, efforts are underway to more completely characterize, control, and predict photocathode gun performance. This paper reports the results of recent emittance measurements using the APS photocathode gun, and comparison of these measurements with simulation.
Reliability and Validity of Measures for Investigating the Determinants of Health Behaviors Among Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes

Aim. Assisting women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to adopt healthy lifestyles is a priority for diabetes prevention. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate measures that can be used to assess the efficacy of behavior change interventions in this group. Method. Measures of psychosocial influences on physical activity and diet were derived from formative research and examination of established instruments. Item reduction by principal components analysis was undertaken following telephone survey administration to 160 women with recent GDM, and the internal reliability and construct validity of the derived scales were assessed. Test–retest reliability was assessed in another sample of 97 women. Results. Scales with acceptable internal reliability were developed for physical activity outcome expectancies (α = .82), perceived barriers (α = .75), encouragement (α = .76) and self-efficacy (α = .82), weight control attitudes (α = .90), and diabetes-related fear (α = .70). Construct validity in relation to physical activity participation was found for the encouragement and self-efficacy scales. The weight control attitudes scale showed construct validity in relation to fruit and vegetable intake. The test–retest reliability of most scales was moderate to good (weighted κ = 0.55-0.69). Conclusion. Reliable and valid measures relevant to the psychosocial needs of women with GDM have been developed with a multiethnic population. These will assist future evidence generation, particularly in relation to the adoption of physical activity, which has been a challenging area of lifestyle intervention to date.
Modifiers of Long-Term School Outcomes for Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Does Treatment with Stimulant Medication Make a Difference? Results from a Population-Based Study

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the significance of potential modifiers of long-term school outcomes among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), including treatment with stimulant medication. Methods: Subjects included 370 children with research-identified AD/HD from a 1976–1982 population-based birth cohort (N = 5718). In a companion study, the complete school record for each subject was reviewed to obtain information on reading achievement, absenteeism, grade retention, and school dropout. Data on type of stimulant, dose, age at initiation of treatment, and start/stop dates were collected from medical and school records, available for all subjects. Results: Treatment with stimulants was associated with decreased rates of absenteeism; longer duration of treatment was also associated with decreased absenteeism rates. There was a modest positive correlation (r = .15, p = .012) between average daily stimulant dose and last reading score. Cases treated with stimulants were 1.8 times less likely to subsequently be retained a grade (95% confidence interval: 1.01–3.2; p = .047). The proportion of school dropout was similar between treated and not treated cases (22.2% vs 25.8%, p = .54). Other potential modifiers of school outcomes (sociodemographic risk factors, presence of comorbid learning or psychiatric disorders, and receipt of special educational services) were also examined and found to be associated with poorer outcomes. Conclusions: In this birth cohort, stimulant treatment of children with AD/HD was associated with improved reading achievement, decreased school absenteeism, and decreased grade retention. This study provides support for efforts to ensure that children with AD/HD receive appropriate long-term medical treatment.
Patient satisfaction with primary health care services in Riyadh.

OBJECTIVE To assess the level of patients' satisfaction with primary health care PHC services in health centers affiliated to Riyadh Military Hospital RMH, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 PHC centers, affiliated to Riyadh Military Hospital RMH, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, over 2 months period in 2006, data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire to assess patients' overall satisfaction with PHC services and their level of satisfaction with 5 PHC domains: reception services, accessibility, continuity of care, communication, and enablement. RESULTS Seven hundred questionnaires were distributed yielding 86.6% response rate, 39.6% of our patients were 20-30 years old, 51.5% of the respondents were females, 76.4% were married and 34.5% of them showed a medical visit frequency of a minimum of 8 times per year. The domains of PHC with the highest level of reported satisfaction was enablement (70.6%). The poorest level of satisfaction was at the continuity of care (56.3%). The mean score of satisfaction with reception was 70.0%, communication 69.2%, and accessibility to care was 62.4%. The overall satisfaction level was 64.2%. Patients of older age were more satisfied with PHC services than their younger counterparts (p-value<0.001) and patients with lower education level were more satisfied (p-value<0.001). Patients' satisfaction was inversely related to their average annual visit frequency to PHC centers (p-value =0.015). There was no relation found between patients' satisfaction and their gender, marital status, occupational status, and their average monthly income. CONCLUSION The level of satisfaction with PHC services in health centers affiliated to RMH is relatively low, results identified areas in which quality improvement is required, mainly accessibility and continuity of care.
Unravelling the secrets of foetal wound healing: an insight into fracture repair in the mouse foetus and perspectives for clinical application.

This study was designed to investigate the nature of mammalian foetal fracture healing in utero. A compound 'pinch' fracture was created in the foetal mouse ulna at the end of the second trimester, prior to mineralisation, and healing observed in whole mount limbs and in histological section. Cartilaginous ends gained initial contact within a perichondrial sleeve by 24 h. Bony union was achieved within 48 h by cartilage remodelling during the phase of primary endochondral ossification in the limb, a process to which adult fracture healing aspires. The molecular response to wounding was investigated using a whole mount in situ hybridisation technique and antisense mRNA probes to three target genes (BMP-2, BMP-4 and GDF-5). These experiments failed to identify altered expression in wounded limbs compared with controls.
Novel RNA family structure of hepatitis B virus expressed in human cells, using a helper-free adenovirus vector

Ad5-HBL is a type 5 adenovirus bearing the large BglII fragment (2.8 kilobases; 87% of the total genome) of hepatitis B virus (HBV), subtype adr. Eight HBV RNAs expressed in HeLa cells infected with Ad5-HBL were mapped by the nuclease S1 technique. Three major RNAs spanning 2.4, 2.0, and 0.7 kilobases of the HBV sequences cover the coding regions of "presurface" plus surface antigen, surface antigen alone, and "X" protein, respectively. The 5' segment of an RNA which could code for core antigen (HBcAg) was also detected. All major HBV RNAs initiate from mutually exclusive 5' ends, terminate at the unique 3' end within the HBcAg coding region (except readthrough species), and have no spliced deletion, forming a novel RNA family structure. No TATA box-like sequences were found near the 5' end of these RNAs, except in the case of the 2.4-kilobase RNA. About two thirds of total HBV RNA does not terminate at the mapped 3'-end position, suggesting the termination signal is functionally inefficient. Since the potential 5' end of HBcAg mRNA was mapped at the same position as the minus-strand nick of HBV DNA previously reported, we propose a model that requires inefficient poly(A) addition to produce an RNA which serves both as HBcAg mRNA and as the putative RNA template of minus-strand DNA synthesis in the HBV life cycle.
What the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Did and Did Not Say About the Use of Methylphenidate for Attention Deficits

* Abbreviations: ADHD = : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder • MTA = : Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD The December 1999 issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry contained 2 articles1 ,2 and a commentary3 about the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; MTA). At the time of publication the findings were reported widely in the general press with varying degrees of accuracy. A common misperception has been created that it concluded that methylphenidate (Ritalin) is the sole answer for children's problems with inattentiveness and activity and that behavioral management is not particularly beneficial. This commentary reviews what the report actually did and did not say. Misunderstandings by practitioners, teachers, and insurance companies could have unfortunate consequences. 1. In describing this 14-month investigation of 579 elementary school children 7 to 9 years of age, the National Institute of Mental Health press release announced: “The MTA study has demonstrated, on average, that carefully monitored medication management with monthly follow-up, with input from teachers, is more effective than intensive behavioral treatment for ADHD. The combination of medication management and intensive behavioral treatments was also significantly superior to psychosocial … Address correspondence to William B. Carey, MD, 511 Walnut Lane, Swarthmore, PA 19081-1140. E-mail: wbcarey{at}worldnet.att. net
Endothelial cells regulate proximal tubule epithelial cell sodium transport.

BACKGROUND Proximal tubule epithelial cells are in close contact with the renal microvasculature, but the effect of endothelial cells (ECs) on proximal tubule epithelial cell (PTEC) function is not known. METHODS To determine if ECs regulate PTECs, we coincubated ECs with PTECs in a system that permitted cross-talk between the two cell types and the vectorial transport of sodium. RESULTS In the presence (but not absence) of ECs, adding bradykinin or acetylcholine increased cGMP and decreased sodium transport, as well as Na,K-ATPase in PTECs. Interleukin (IL)1B preconditioning of ECs also increased cGMP and decreased sodium transport and Na,K-ATPase in PTECs. Bradykinin, acetylcholine, and IL1B EC-dependent effects were reversed with the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor L-NNA. In the absence of ECs, the addition of NO donors to PTECs increased cGMP and decreased sodium transport and Na,K-ATPase. 8Br-cGMP also decreased PTEC sodium transport and Na,K-ATPase. CONCLUSION Endothelial cells regulate PTEC function. This effect is mediated by NO synthase-dependent up-regulation of cGMP in PTECs.
Correlation Between IL‐3 Receptor Expression and Growth Potential of Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Cells from Different Tissues

CD123 (α‐subunit of IL‐3 receptor) expression on primitive and committed human hematopoietic cells was studied by multicolor sorting and single‐cell culture. The sources of cells included fetal liver (FLV), fetal bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adult bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood. Three subsets of CD34+ cells were defined by the levels of surface CD123: CD123negative, CD123low, and CD123bright. Coexpression of lineage markers showed that a majority of CD34+CD123bright cells were myeloid and B‐lymphoid progenitors, while erythroid progenitors were mainly in the CD34+CD123negative subset. The CD34+CD123low subset contained a heterogeneous distribution of early and committed progenitor cells. Single CD34+ cells from the CD123 subsets were cultured in a cytokine cocktail of stem cell factor, interleukin 3 (IL‐3), IL‐6, GM‐CSF, erythropoietin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, and basic fibroblast growth factor. After 14 days of incubation, a higher cloning efficiency (CE) was observed in the CD34+CD123negative and CD34+CD123low fractions (37 ± 23% and 44 ± 23%, respectively) than in the CD34+CD123bright fraction (15 ± 21%). Using previously published criteria that colonies containing dispersed, translucent cells (dispersed growth pattern, DGP) were derived from primitive cells and that colonies composed solely of clusters were from committed cells, early precursors were distributed evenly in the CD34+CD123negative and CD34+CD123low subsets. When CD38 and CD90 (Thy‐1) were used for further characterization of CD34+ cells from FLV, CE increased from 37 ± 23% in CD123negative to 70 ± 19% in CD123negativeCD38− and from 44 ± 23% in CD123low to 66 ± 19% in CD123lowCD38−. No significant increase in CE or DGP progenitors was observed when CD34+ cells were sorted by CD90 and CD123. We concluded that: A) high levels of CD123 were expressed on B‐lymphoid and myeloid progenitors; B) early erythroid progenitors had little or no surface CD123, and C) primitive hematopoietic cells are characterized by CD123negative/low expression.
Analgesic techniques following thoracic surgery: a survey of United Kingdom practice

Background and objective The authors present a national survey determining the current practice of postoperative analgesia after major thoracic surgery in the United Kingdom. Methods Two hundred and forty anaesthetists from 36 thoracic centres were surveyed and the response rate was 78%. Results The commonest analgesic technique after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is paravertebral block combined with patient-controlled analgesia with morphine. In open thoracotomy procedures, although epidural analgesia was used by a majority of the respondents, paravertebral block combined with patient-controlled analgesia with morphine is gaining popularity as an alternate technique for postoperative analgesia. Conclusion The present survey demonstrates the increasing use of paravertebral block as an alternate regional anaesthetic technique to epidural analgesia after major thoracic surgery in the United Kingdom.
Secular trend of the age at menarche of Japanese girls with special regard to the secular acceleration of the age at peak height velocity.

An attempt is made to clarify the special characteristics of the secular trend of the menarchial age in Japan. The relationships with the precocious appearance of the age at peak high velocity, another exemplification of the maturity acceleration, is also reviewed. This research on menarche was conducted in 1979-1980 on 284 school girls born between 1961 and 1966. The girls were healthy, of middle socioeconomic class, and grew up and lived in Tokyo and its outskirts. A questionnaire was given to each subject who was requested to answer after referring to her diary, mother's or sister's records, or any other writing about her menarche. If none of these was available, they were asked to provide an event which occurred soon before or after the menarche. The arithmetic mean of the age at menarche was 12.40 years with a range of 9.63 to 15.44 years. In 1958 research was conducted on the menarche of 309 girls in the same school, and the mean menarchial age was reported to be 13.27 years with a range of 10.83 to 16.92 years. The rate of acceleration during these 21 years was 4.4 months/decade. Mean menarchial ages obtained in 157 studies ever reported in Japan were plotted against the year of publication. No definite tendency was apparent until a gradual change toward earlier menstruation began in about 1920. In the next 20 years the average decreased from 15.0 to 14.2 years of age. The rate of decrease during the 1920-1940 period was about 4 months/decade. Due to World War 2, a retardation of menarche began in 1941 and reached a peak of about 15.0 years of age in 1950-1952, after which the trend changed into one of rapid acceleration. It is believed that the age at peak height velocity (PHV) is highly correlated with menarche age. The correlation coefficient is reported to be 0.71 by Nicholson and Hanly (1953), 0.93 by Deming (1957) and 0.77 by the author's of this study based on the present subjects. Thus it can be reasonably assumed that the secular trend of menarche must be associated with a similar trend for PHV age.
Diversity of renal phenotypes in patients with WDR19 mutations: Two case reports

WDR19 has been reported as a causative gene of nephronophthisis‐related ciliopathies. Patients with WDR19 mutations can show various extrarenal manifestations such as skeletal disorders, Caroli disease, and retinal dystrophy, and typically display nephronophthisis as a renal phenotype. However, there is limited information on the renal phenotypes of patients with WDR19 mutations. We report two Japanese infants with Sensenbrenner syndrome caused by WDR19 mutations who demonstrated different features in renal ultrasound and histopathological results, despite several common extrarenal manifestations. Patient 1 had normal sized and hyperechogenic kidneys with several small cysts and histopathological findings compatible with infantile nephronophthisis. Renal ultrasound of Patient 2 showed enlarged kidneys with diffuse microcysts resembling those of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Her renal histopathology revealed dysplastic kidney with diffuse glomerular cysts. Genetic testing identified compound heterozygous mutations in WDR19 in both patients (Patient 1: c.953delA, c.3533G > A, Patient 2: c.2645 + 1G > T, c.3533G > A). Our patients suggest that WDR19 mutations can cause dysplastic kidney in addition to nephronophthisis pathologically. In addition, differences in pathology of the kidneys from WDR19 mutations may result in heterogeneous features in renal ultrasound findings. Renal phenotypes from WDR19 mutations may thus be more diverse than previously reported. Extrarenal manifestations and genetic testing can therefore help to diagnosis this disease more precisely.
A DSP based sampled-data iterative learning control system for brushless DC motors

A sampled-data iterative learning controller using current error learning is presented in this paper. A detailed convergence and robustness analysis of the learning system at each sampling instant is studied. It is shown that learning error converges to a residual set whose level of magnitude depends on the bounds of uncertainties and the learning gain. In general, the learning speed is faster and learning error is reduced if the learning gain is larger. This learning algorithm is then applied to the position tracking control of brushless DC motors. A digital signal processor (DSP) based control board, which combines the power of the TI TMS320F243 DSP and the flexibility of Xilinx FPGAs, is used to develop the learning system. The nice learning performance shown in the experiment results proves the validity and practicability of the proposed learning controller.
Development and application of an ELISA for detecting antibodies to Salmonella enteritidis in chicken flocks

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for the detection of IgG antibody to Salmonella enteritidis in poultry flocks. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat-extracted (HE) antigen for use in the ELISA were evaluated together with the rapid slide test (RST), microagglutination test (MT) and the microantiglobulin (MAG) test. In experimentally infected specific pathogen free chickens, good correlation was seen between all tests although, generally, the MT and MAG detected antibody earlier and titres peaked earlier than the ELISAs. The LPS antigen detected antibody earlier than the HE antigen but the latter gave higher titres in the later stages of infection. Cross reactions were seen between S enteritidis and S typhimurium in the ELISAs although homologous reactions were always much higher. Antisera to S montevideo or S senftenberg gave weak positive reactions in both S enteritidis ELISAs. Serological and bacteriological examinations of representative samples from two commercial chicken flocks were carried out. In flock A the HE-ELISA and MAG test detected antibody in nearly all birds. The LPS-ELISA detected antibody in over 60 per cent of birds, while the MT and RST detected few seropositive birds. The whole blood test using the stained S pullorum antigen on the farm detected antibody in just under 25 per cent of the birds. S enteritidis was isolated from the organs of 25 per cent of the birds. All birds in flock B were seronegative by all tests; no salmonellae were isolated from the organs of these birds.
Factors Influencing Consumers’ Intentions to Participate in a Formal E-Waste Collection System: A Case Study of Onitsha, Nigeria

Due to the increasing amount of electronic waste (e-waste) generated in Nigeria, challenges such as consumer disposal behaviors have emerged. An understanding of consumers’ intentions to participate in formal e-waste collections is key in increasing the level of participation in an e-waste collection scheme. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) creates an applicable platform for identifying the determinants of recycling intention. Based on the TPB, we develop a theoretical framework to study how influencing factors such as attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and environmental knowledge influence intentions to participate in formal e-waste collections. Additionally, we extend the research framework to examine whether the factors of infrastructure and economic incentive moderate the relationships between the influencing factors and intention. Using an empirical survey conducted in Onitsha with 384 usable questionnaire responses, we observe that attitude, subjective norm, and environmental knowledge directly influence consumers’ intentions. Statistical results also show that only the factor of infrastructure moderates the relationship between two influencing factors (attitude and subjective norm) and intention. The resulting negative coefficients of regression for the interactions indicate that the introduction of infrastructure will result in a weaker influencing ability of attitude and subjective norm on intention. Thus, the implications of this study in motivating consumers’ intentions suggest it would be beneficial for the government to provide functional and adequately managed infrastructure situated close to the community, such that it can be easily accessed by household consumers.