Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pseudotheory proliferation is damaging the organizational sciences

Summary In recent years, there has been an increasing emphasis on the role of theory in organizational behavior (OB) research. Authors are strongly encouraged to develop “theory” in their manuscripts and to make “theoretical contributions. ” This trend is in stark contrast to the process used in other fields of science. Our counterparts in those fields follow the scientific method and define theory as a concise and elegant hypothesis that has survived extensive empirical testing. Rather than being based on extensive empirical research, many of OB's theories are based on a limited number of primary studies (at best) or speculation and conjecture (at worst). OB researchers are discouraged from testing other researchers' theories or replicating previously published work. Consequently, many OB theories do not meet the criteria for a true scientific theory. We propose that OB researchers should re-embrace the scientific method and focus on creating a body of empirical research that could be used in the future to establish true scientific theories (through extensive hypothesis testing, empirical research, and conceptual replications) rather than concocting pseudotheories. Research in the personnel selection subfield of OB provides a reasonable exemplar of this model, yet it has been derided of late for being too atheoretical. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The value of repetitive sequences in chloroplast DNA for phylogeographic inference: A comment on Vachon & Freeland 2011

In a recent Technical Advance article, Vachon and Freeland (2011, Molecular Ecology Resources, 11, 279‐285.) evaluate the utility of repetitive and non‐repetitive variation in the chloroplast genome for phylogeographic inference, using variation in Phragmites australis as an example. While we agree that repetitive and nonrepetitive regions evolve at different rates and homoplasy can impact results, we disagree with the conclusion that repetitive regions are inappropriate for large‐scale phylogeographic studies. Here we describe limitations to the study dataset and analysis, and provide an alternative viewpoint on the utility of repetitive regions for phylogeographic studies.
THE DEEPEST HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE COLOR–MAGNITUDE DIAGRAM OF M32. EVIDENCE FOR INTERMEDIATE-AGE POPULATIONS

We present the deepest optical color–magnitude diagram (CMD) to date of the local elliptical galaxy M32. We have obtained F435W and F555W photometries based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys/High-Resolution Channel images for a region 110″ from the center of M32 (F1) and a background field (F2) about 320″ away from M32 center. Due to the high resolution of our Nyquist-sampled images, the small photometric errors, and the depth of our data (the CMD of M32 goes as deep as F435W ∼ 28.5 at 50% completeness level), we obtain the most detailed resolved photometric study of M32 yet. Deconvolution of HST images proves to be superior than other standard methods to derive stellar photometry on extremely crowded HST images, as its photometric errors are ∼2× smaller than other methods tried. The location of the strong red clump in the CMD suggests a mean age between 8 and 10 Gyr for [Fe/H] = −0.2 dex in M32. We detect for the first time a red giant branch bump and an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) bump in M32 which, together with the red clump, allow us to constrain the age and metallicity of the dominant population in this region of M32. These features indicate that the mean age of M32's population at ∼2′ from its center is between 5 and 10 Gyr. We see evidence of an intermediate-age population in M32 mainly due to the presence of AGB stars rising to MF555W ∼ −2.0. Our detection of a blue component of stars (blue plume) may indicate for the first time the presence of a young stellar population, with ages of the order of 0.5 Gyr, in our M32 field. However, it is likely that the brighter stars of this blue plume belong to the disk of M31 rather than to M32. The fainter stars populating the blue plume indicate the presence of stars not younger than 1 Gyr and/or BSSs in M32. The CMD of M32 displays a wide color distribution of red giant branch stars indicating an intrinsic spread in metallicity with a peak at [Fe/H] ∼ −0.2. There is not a noticeable presence of blue horizontal branch stars, suggesting that an ancient population with [Fe/H] < −1.3 does not significantly contribute to the light or mass of M32 in our observed fields. M32's dominant population of 8–10 Gyr implies a formation redshift of 1 ≲ zf ≲ 2, precisely when observations of the specific star formation rates and models of “downsizing” imply galaxies of M32's mass ought to be forming their stars. Our CMD therefore provides a “ground truth” of downsizing scenarios at z = 0. Our background field data represent the deepest optical observations yet of the inner disk and bulge of M31. Its CMD exhibits a broad color spread of red giant stars indicative of its metallicity range with a peak at [Fe/H] ∼ −0.4 dex, slightly more metal-poor than M32 in our fields. The observed blue plume consists of stars as young as 0.3 Gyr, in agreement with previous works on the disk of M31. The detection of bright AGB stars reveals the presence of intermediate-age population in M31, which is, however, less significant than that in M32 at our field's location.
A method for subclassifying the interdigital patterns: a comparative study of the palmar configurations.

A method for subtyping the interdigital patterns is introduced, which is based upon the direction of the main line terminations as well as the presence of accessory triradii. The palmar patterns of several population samples from our files representing the Caucasians, Negroes, Miconesians and New Guinean groups are evaluted in terms of the introduced calssification and the results demonstrate a number of differences between the major racial groups. In additin, the thenar/I and hypothenar patterns are subtyped according to the classifications of Cummins and Midlo. These data also indicate the inadequacy of the general open/arch, vestige, loop, whorl identification of the plamar patterns. It is hoped that more data will be studied along these lines for establishment of more accurate frequencies among the various racial groups.
Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy With Sensorineural Deafness and Early-Onset Dementia

Article abstract-We report a kindred with autosomal dominantly inherited sensory neuropathy associated with sensorineural hearing loss and early-onset dementia. This kindred provides further evidence of the clinical variability among kindreds with hereditary sensory neuropathy, suggesting genetic heterogeneity. NEUROLOGY 1995;45: 560-562
Comparison of 6-min walk test distance and cardiopulmonary exercise test performance in children with pulmonary hypertension

Objective To assess the relationship between 6-min walk test (6MWT) distance and variables of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Design Retrospective study. Setting Tertiary hospital. Patients Children with PAH. Interventions CPETs and 6MWTs. Main outcome measures Correlations between variables of CPET and 6MWT distance. Results 41 exercise studies were included: 15 in children with idiopathic PAH (mean age 13.0±3.0 years; 9 female), 18 in children with PAH associated with congenital heart disease (age 14.8±2.8 years; 7 female) and 8 in children with Eisenmenger syndrome (age 11.8±2.9 years; 4 female). All underwent a CPET and 6MWT. Peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) and 6MWT distance were reduced to 31.5±12.2% and 47.7±16.7% of the predicted value, respectively (p<0.0001 for both). pVO2 and oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold showed correlation with 6MWT distance (r=0.49; p=0.001 and r=0.40, p=0.01, respectively), while an inverse correlation was found between measures of ventilatory efficiency (eg, VE/VCO2) at anaerobic threshold and 6MWT distance (r=−0.43; p=0.005). There was a significant linear relationship between pVO2 and 6MWT up to a distance of 300 m, with the 6MWT distance accounting for 71% of the variation in pVO2 but there was hardly any association when the 6MWT distance was >300 m. Conclusions The 6MWT reflects maximal exercise capacity in patients with a 6MWT distance below 300 m. A CPET should therefore be considered as a complimentary test in children with an exercise tolerance above this threshold. These findings may have implications for assessing response to drug therapy and for consideration as an end point in future PAH trials.
Modeling Quantum Efficiency of Ultraviolet 6H–SiC Photodiodes

The quantum efficiency of p-n junction 6H-SiC ultraviolet (UV) photodiodes has been theoretically modeled for the doping concentration range of 1014 -1020cm-3. The calculations take into account the contribution from the depletion region and the doping dependence of charge carrier transport characteristics. Data on optical and physical properties of 6H-SiC that determine the charge carrier transport and bandgap energy are collected and analyzed. The highest average external efficiency of up to 76%, through a working wavelength range of 200-400 nm, can be achieved at lower dopings that result in a fully depleted top active photoabsorbing layer. This is different from the current technology of commercial higher doped SiC UV photodetectors. The detectivity is shown to be conformal to the quantum efficiency in response to the design variations. The temperature dependence of the device does not change the design tradeoffs that depend on the electrical characteristics. The model presented can be extended to elevated temperatures when optical data become available at these temperatures.
Pension Reforms in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe: From Post-Socialist Transition to the Global Financial Crisis

1. Introduction 2. Studying Pensions in Post-Socialist Countries: A Theoretical Framework 3. Croatia: Authoritarian Rule, Systemic Shifts and Neoliberal Policies 4. Hungary: The Negative Effects of Political Budget Cycles 5. Poland: How to Radically Rewrite the Social Contract 6. Slovenia: Neocorporatist Constraints and the Postponement of Reforms 7. Comparative Politics of Reform: Legislation, Implementation and Sustainability 8. Conclusions: Findings and the Future of Reforms
Bayesian accelerated failure time model for space-time dependency in a geographically augmented survival model

In this paper, we extend the spatially explicit survival model for small area cancer data by allowing dependency between space and time and using accelerated failure time models. Spatial dependency is modeled directly in the definition of the survival, density, and hazard functions. The models are developed in the context of county level aggregated data. Two cases are considered: the first assumes that the spatial and temporal distributions are independent; the second allows for dependency between the spatial and temporal components. We apply the models to prostate cancer data from the Louisiana SEER cancer registry.
Dichlorido{2-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyliminomethyl]phenolato}zinc(II) monohydrate

In the title mononuclear zinc(II) complex, [ZnCl2(C14H20N2O)]·H2O, the ZnII atom is four-coordinated by the phenolate O and imine N atoms of the Schiff base ligand and by two Cl atoms in a tetrahedral geometry. In the crystal structure, O—H⋯Cl, O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the water molecules bridge adjacent complexes into a ladder-like structure running along the c axis.
Childcare Patterns and Issues for Families of Preschool Children With Disabilities

A longitudinal investigation of childcare for children with developmental disabilities (N = 89) was conducted, with in-person assessments at 12, 15, 30, and 45 months of age, and phone interviews with mothers at 14, 29, 37, and 44 months. When compared with typically developing children from another sample, and with census data, the participants entered childcare at an older age and for fewer hours; they were more likely to be in “informal” (father, relative, in-home nonrelative) care; and they were less likely to transition into more formal care (childcare center, childcare home) with increasing age. Finding good-quality care, the cost of care, distance/transportation issues, and integration with other services/special needs received the highest ratings for childcare issues. Children who were not in childcare had lower adaptive behavior scores if their mothers cited their child's special needs as an issue in keeping them out of care, compared with children whose mothers did not indicate that special needs were an issue. These 2 groups did not differ in their diagnoses, mental, or motor development scores. Results are discussed in the context of family leave policies and welfare work exemptions, and the need for high-quality caregiving options.
Normal human fibroblasts produce membrane-bound and soluble isoforms of FGFR-1.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are polypeptide mitogens for a wide variety of cell types and are involved in other processes such as angiogenesis and cell differentiation. FGFs mediate their biological responses by activating high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors. Currently, there are four human fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genes. To investigate the mechanisms by which alpha FGF and beta FGF may mediate mitogenic signal transduction in human skin-derived fibroblasts, we analyzed these cells for the presence of high-affinity FGFRs. We show that normal human dermal fibroblasts express a single high-affinity FGFR gene, FGFR-1. Cloning and sequencing of two distinct FGFR-1 cDNAs suggested that normal human dermal fibroblasts express a membrane-bound and a putatively secreted form of FGFR-1. We show that normal human dermal fibroblasts produce two FGFR-1 proteins, one of which exists in conditioned media. The mRNA for the putatively secreted form of FGFR-1 appears to be down-regulated by serum treatment of the cells.
Development and Validation of Electronic Health Record-based Triggers to Detect Delays in Follow-up of Abnormal Lung Imaging Findings.

Purpose To develop an electronic health record (EHR)-based trigger algorithm to identify delays in follow-up of patients with imaging results that are suggestive of lung cancer and to validate this trigger on retrospective data. Materials and Methods The local institutional review board approved the study. A "trigger" algorithm was developed to automate the detection of delays in diagnostic evaluation of chest computed tomographic (CT) images and conventional radiographs that were electronically flagged by reviewing radiologists as being "suspicious for malignancy. " The trigger algorithm was developed through literature review and expert input. It included patients who were alive and 40-70 years old, and it excluded instances in which appropriate timely follow-up (defined as occurring within 30 days) was detected (eg, pulmonary visit) or when follow-up was unnecessary (eg, in patients with a terminal illness). The algorithm was iteratively applied to a retrospective test cohort in an EHR data warehouse at a large Veterans Affairs facility, and manual record reviews were used to validate each individual criterion. The final algorithm aimed at detecting an absence of timely follow-up was retrospectively applied to an independent validation cohort to determine the positive predictive value (PPV). Trigger performance, time to follow-up, reasons for lack of follow-up, and cancer outcomes were analyzed and reported by using descriptive statistics. Results The trigger algorithm was retrospectively applied to the records of 89 168 patients seen between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2009. Of 538 records with an imaging report that was flagged as suspicious for malignancy, 131 were identified by the trigger as being high risk for delayed diagnostic evaluation. Manual chart reviews confirmed a true absence of follow-up in 75 cases (trigger PPV of 57.3% for detecting evaluation delays), of which four received a diagnosis of primary lung cancer within the subsequent 2 years. Conclusion EHR-based triggers can be used to identify patients with suspicious imaging findings in whom follow-up diagnostic evaluation was delayed. (©) RSNA, 2015.
Relative importance of temporal envelope and fine structure in lexical-tone perception.

The relative importance of temporal envelope and fine structure in speech and music perception was investigated by Smith et al. [Nature (London) 416, 87–90 (2002)] using “auditory chimera” in which the envelope from one sound was paired with the fine structure of another. Smith et al. found that, when 4 to 16 frequency bands were used, recognition of English speech was dominated by the envelope, whereas recognition of melody was dominated by the fine structure. In the present study, Mandarin Chinese monosyllables were divided into 4, 8, or 16 frequency bands and the fine structure and envelope of one tone pattern were exchanged with those of another tone pattern of the same monosyllable. Five normal-hearing native Mandarin Chinese speakers completed a four-alternative forced-choice tone-identification task. In the vast majority of trials, subjects based their identification of the monosyllables on the fine structure rather than the envelope. Thus, the relative importance of envelope and fine structure for lexical-tone perception resembled that for melody recognition rather than that for English speech recognition. Delivering fine-structure information in cochlear implant stimulation could be particularly beneficial for lexical-tone perception.
Expression Profiling Methods Used In Drug Abuse Research

A variety of analytical methodologies to investigate gene expression patterns in cells or tissues have been developed. For screening purposes, a large number of target mRNAs have to be interrogated simultaneously. These requirements have been met more or less comprehensively by Differential Display (DD) RT‐PCR, Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH), Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE), and DNA chips. The ultimate goal to cover any gene transcript potentially expressed by a given cell is on the way to be achieved by microbead arrays and by Affymetrix gene chips. Once targets of interest are identified, techniques employing low degrees of multiplexing, such as RNAse protection assays or some bead‐based techniques (Luminex) eventually provide extremely fast results on the diagnostic level. With the aid of powerful computer programs, expression profiling technologies have opened intriguing new insights into the complex world of gene regulation. These new techniques have also been applied in drug abuse research recently and some examples of such approaches are described.
The “Steroid Dementia Syndrome”: A Possible Model of Human Glucocorticoid Neurotoxicity

Glucocorticoid medications cause neurotoxicity in animals under certain circumstances, but it is not known if this occurs in humans. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy with no prior psychiatric history and no prior exposure to glucocorticoid medication who received a single 5-week course of glucocorticoids for an acute asthma flare. Beginning during steroid treatment, and persisting for over 3 years after stopping treatment, he showed a significant decline from his pre-morbid academic performance and estimated IQ, verified by longitudinally administered testing and school records. Neuropsychological tests that are sensitive to glucocorticoid-induced cognitive impairments revealed global cognitive deficits consistent with primary hippocampal and prefrontal cortical dysfunction. The patient has a fraternal twin brother, who had previously achieved academic milestones in parallel with him; the patient began falling behind his twin in academic, developmental and social areas shortly after the steroid treatment. In the 3 years since stopping steroid medication, the patient has shown gradual but possibly incomplete resolution of his cognitive deficits. Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed 38 months after steroid exposure revealed no gross abnormalities, but the patient's hippocampal volume was 19.5% smaller than that of his twin, despite the patient having a larger overall intracranial volume. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, performed at the same time, suggested subtly decreased activity in the left posterior frontal and left parietal lobes. This case, along with others reported in the literature, suggests that certain individuals develop a “steroid dementia syndrome” after glucocorticoid treatment. Although this syndrome is uncommon, it is consistent with evolving theories of the neurotoxic or neuroendangering potential of glucocorticoids in some situations.
Gene expression profiling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by a markedly heterogeneous clinical course and response to therapy that is not appreciated with standard histopathologic and immunophenotypic evaluations. Analysis of global gene expression using DNA microarrays has the potential to improve the classification of lymphomas. Molecular profiling may allow the description of specific disease subtypes with similar clinical behavior and outcome. In addition, gene expression profiling has led to the discovery of new putative genes and a better understanding of aberrant signaling pathways. These insights may lead to the discovery of new targeted therapies. This review describes the progress that has been made in our understanding of DLBCL as a result of gene expression profiling.
Comparative gene expression analyses reveal heterochrony for Sox9 expression in the cranial neural crest during marsupial development

Compared to placental mammals, marsupials have short gestation period, and their neonates are relatively immature. Despite these features, marsupial neonates must travel from the birth canal to the teat, suckle and digest milk to complete development. Thus, certain organs and tissues of marsupial neonates, such as forelimbs to crawl and jaw elements to suckle, must develop early. Previous reports showed that cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, as the source of ectomesenchyme of jaw elements, are generated significantly early in gray short‐tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) compared to other amniote models, such as mouse. In this study, we examined the expression of genes known to be important for neural crest formation, such as BMP2/BMP4 (neural crest inducer), Pax7 (neural border specifier), Snail1 and Sox9/Sox10 (neural crest specifier) in Monodelphis domestica, and compared the expression patterns with those in mouse, chicken, and gecko embryos. Among those genes, the expression of Sox9 was turned on early and broadly in the premigratory CNC cells, and persisted in the ectomesenchyme of the cranial anlagen in opossum embryos. In contrast, Sox9 expression diminished in the CNC cells of other animals at the early phase of migration. Comparison of the onset of Pax7 and Sox9 expression revealed that Sox9 expression in the prospective CNC was earlier and broader than Pax7 expression in opossum, suggesting that the sequence of border specification and neural crest specification is altered. This study provides the first clue for understanding the molecular basis for the heterochronic development of the CNC cells and jaw elements in marsupials.