Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-Noise and High-Detectivity GaN-Based UV Photodiode With a Semi-Insulating Mg-Doped GaN Cap Layer

GaN-based ultraviolet photodiodes with a semi-insulating Mg-doped GaN cap layer were fabricated and characterized. Dark leakage current of the aforementioned photodiodes was much smaller than that of the conventional ones without the Mg-doped GaN cap layer due to a thicker and higher potential barrier and less amounts of interface states after inserting the Mg-doped GaN cap layer. The ultraviolet to visible rejection ratio is 3.44 x 103 by inserting a semi-insulating Mg-doped GaN cap layer with a -IV applied bias. In this study, we also discuss the noise characteristics. It was found that minimum noise equivalent power and maximum detectivity of our photodiode were 1.2 x 10-12 W and 9.34 x 1011 cmHz0.5 W-1, respectively.
Maternal–fetal transport kinetics of manganese in perfused human placental lobule in vitro

Abstract Objective: There have been no detailed reports relating to maternal–fetal transport kinetics of manganese, an essential trace element in the human pregnancies, and hence we have attempted to study the transport kinetics of this trace element in the human placenta in vitro. Methods: Human placentae from normal uncomplicated pregnancies were collected postpartum. Manganese chloride solution (GFS Chem Inc., Columbus, OH), 10 times the physiological concentrations, along with antipyrine (Sigma Chem Co., St. Louis, MO) as reference marker were then injected as a single bolus (100 µl) into the maternal arterial circulation of perfused placental lobules and perfusate samples collected from maternal and fetal circulations over a period of five minutes. National Culture and Tissue Collection medium, diluted with Earle’s buffered salt solution was used as the perfusate and serial perfusate samples from fetal venous perfusate collected for a period of 30 min. Concentration of manganese in perfusate samples was assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while that of antipyrine was assessed by spectrophotometry. Transport kinetics of substances studied were computed using established permeation parameters. Results: Differential transport rates of manganese and antipyrine in 12 perfusions differed significantly for 25.75, 90% efflux fractions (ANOVA test, p < 0.05), while those of 10 and 50% efflux fractions were not significantly different between the study and reference substances. Transport fraction (TF) of manganese averaged 54.9% of bolus dose in 12 perfusions, whereas that of antipyrine averaged 89% of bolus dose, representing 61.80% of reference marker TF. The difference observed in TF values of manganese and antipyrine was statistically significant (Student’s t-test, p < 0.05). Pharmacokinetic parameters such as area under the curve, clearance, absorption rate, elimination rate of manganese compared to reference marker were significantly different (ANOVA test, p < 0.05) between the study and reference substances. Conclusions: Our studies show for the first time maternal–fetal transport kinetics of manganese in human placenta in vitro. Considering the restricted transfer of this essential trace element despite its small molecular weight, we hypothesize possibility of active transport of manganese across the human placental membrane. Further studies relating to manganese placental transport in “diabetic model” placental perfusions are in progress.
Using Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for Text Segmentation

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) can be useful for semantic segmentation of large full-text documents. NMF is a universal technique that decomposes the monolithic structure of a massive dataset into different trends. In case of textual data these trends can be interpreted as topics. Thereby NMF can associate each document with topics covered in it, however, without linking topics to the certain parts of that document. In this paper, we complement this traditional NMF technique with a new goal: for a given full-text document we build a semantic map which links document’s parts with topics covered in it.
Children's stigmatization of childhood depression and ADHD: magnitude and demographic variation in a national sample.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the magnitude of stigmatizing attitudes toward peers with depression or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a national sample of children ages 8 to 18 and to examine variation in level of stigma by school location, region of the United States, grade level, race/ethnicity, or sex. METHOD Surveys were administered to 1,318 children and adolescents. Respondents were randomly assigned to depression, ADHD, or asthma conditions and were presented with a vignette about a peer with one of the conditions. Participants responded to items assessing positive and negative attributions, social distance, and family attitudes. Mean differences were tested for statistical significance and effect sizes were computed. RESULTS Respondents were more likely to make negative attributions about peers with ADHD and depression versus asthma, particularly regarding the likelihood of antisocial behavior and violence (Cohen d range 0.78-1.35, large effect sizes). Moderate effect sizes were found for preferences for social distance from peers with ADHD(d = 0.37) and depression (d = 0.45). Effects were found for perceptions of negative family attitudes toward both mental health conditions, with depression (d = 0.78) seen as even more stigmatized than ADHD (d = 0.47). The level of stigmatization was relatively constant across demographic variables, with the exception of greater stigmatization evident in Asian/Pacific Islander youths. CONCLUSIONS Across most items, both depression and ADHD were more stigmatized than asthma, with depression more stigmatized than ADHD. The perception of likelihood of violence and antisocial behavior was particularly high for both ADHD and depression, greatly exceeding the real-world association for depression.
Postprandial Diabetic Glucose Tolerance Is Normalized by Gastric Bypass Feeding as Opposed to Gastric Feeding and Is Associated With Exaggerated GLP-1 Secretion

OBJECTIVE To examine after gastric bypass the effect of peroral versus gastroduodenal feeding on glucose metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A type 2 diabetic patient was examined on 2 consecutive days 5 weeks after gastric bypass. A standard liquid meal was given on the first day into the bypassed gastric remnant and on the second day perorally. Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, incretin hormones, peptide YY, and free fatty acids were measured. RESULTS Peroral feeding reduced 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (7.8 vs. 11.1 mmol/l) and incremental area under the glucose curve (iAUC) (0.33 vs. 0.49 mmol · l−1 · min−1) compared with gastroduodenal feeding. β-Cell function (iAUCCpeptide/Glu) was more than twofold improved during peroral feeding, and the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 response increased nearly fivefold. CONCLUSIONS Improvement in postprandial glucose metabolism after gastric bypass is an immediate and direct consequence of the gastrointestinal rearrangement, associated with exaggerated GLP-1 release and independent of changes in insulin sensitivity, weight loss, and caloric restriction.
Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia

Gale proudly presents the first completely revised and updated version of this acclaimed set in 30 years. Some reviewers call Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia the best reference work on animals ever published. Others call it the legacy left to us by famed zoologist and animal lover, Bernhard Grzimek. The accolades and praise go on for the newest addition to Gale's line of reference titles. The original 13-vol. set, published in Germany in the late 1960s, is internationally renowned for its scientific reporting, coverage and illustrations, and serves as a major point of reference for researchers and students studying the animal kingdom. Thorough articles familiarize readers with animals found everywhere on the globe, detailing their life cycles, predators, food systems, overall ecology and much more. Staying true to the original scientific pedigree, Gale enlisted prominent advisors and contributors from the international scientific community to incorporate recent developments in the animal world. Our new editions of Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia are sure to serve the needs of students at every academic level.
Evidence of genetic heterogeneity in the long QT syndrome.

thee long QT syndrome (LQT) is a familial predisposition to sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias. M. Keating et al. performed linkage analysis in a large Utah family and found that th disease was closely linked to the Harvey ras-1 (H-ras-1) locus on chromosome 11. With the use of the probe pTBB-2 at the H-ras-1 oncogene, a logarithm of the likelihood ratio for linkage (lod score) of +16.44 was obtained by Keating et al. In a subsequent study, tight linkage of LQT to the H-ras-1 locus was found in six other small LQT families. The combined lod score from these two studies was +21.65 at a recombination fraction of 0. This tight linkage suggests that mutations at the H-ras-1 locus or at a closely linked locus resulted in LQT in the families studied. In view of the clinical heterogeneity and possible genetic heterogeneity in this syndrome, we analyzed a large Jewish family with a history of LQT. This family, whose origin is the island of Jerba near Tunic and whose members reside in Israel, is probably the largest family with LQT outside the United States. It comprises 131 individuals, of whom 28 have been affected. Clinical and electrocardiographic data collected overmore » 7 years were available for 92 family members and blood samples for genetic analysis were available for 74. This analysis, together with that of Keating et al., provides evidence for genetic heterogeneity in the determination of the LQT. « less
Predictive value of intraoperative electrocorticograms in resective epilepsy surgery

The preresection and postresection intraoperative electrocorticograms of 76 consecutive patients undergoing resective surgery for intractable epilepsy were analyzed to see if location, configuration, and discharge rate of epileptiform activity correlated with type and location of pathology of the resected specimens and outcome in regard to seizure control. The location of the predominant spike focus did not correlate with either type or location of pathology or with seizure outcome from temporal lobe surgery (n = 58). The presence of spontaneous or activated spikes outside the resected area did not correlate with outcome from any surgery type. Positive spikes recorded from the amygdala and anterior hippocampus (n = 37) were not associated with type or location of pathology, but bursts of fast repetitive spikes on these needle recordings tended to associate with mesiotemporal pathology (p = < 0.02) and with mesial temporal sclerosis (p = < 0.04). A preresection spike discharge rate of 1 per 4 minutes or less was associated with a poor outcome in 5 of 6 patients (p = 0.03), whereas a rate of 18 or more per minute was associated with a good outcome in 15 of 18 patients (p < 0.06). Persistence of 50% or more of the preresection epileptiform activity in the postresection electrocorticogram after temporal lobectomy correlated with poor outcome in 80% (p = < 0.03), although the absolute amount of epileptiform activity remaining in the postresection electrocorticogram did not correlate with outcome. Further studies are needed to define the role of intraoperative electrocorticograms in resective epilepsy surgery.
Schools, Pots, and Potters

and, as it seemed, fruitless discussions among their own fellows as to the most productive procedures for manipulating archeological data. At the time, I was involved in an interesting but inconclusive controversy over those eternal verities of archeology-potsherds-and the problem of their taxonomy. It seemed to me that, despite the acrimonious belaborings that raged around types, modes, varieties, systems, classes, groups, families, foci, horizon styles, and so on, there was implicit in the thought processes of the protagonists at least one basic assumption that remained usually unquestioned. This was the mathematical axiom that the whole is equivalent to the sum of its parts. Well, this was sound Euclidean geometry, and undoubtedly the Eminent Professor thought of it as a foundation stone of his scientific Bill of Rights, like that other axiom that a straight line is the shortest distance, etc. But, on second thought, wasn't that last one already obsolete in modern non-Euclidean terms? And in a "philosophical" sense, perhaps the former might not be quite eternal either. It seemed to me that some of my fellow taxonomists might have been stricturing themselves unnecessarily by a sort of auto-Procrustean procedure through their determined effort to apply to their sacred potsherds the analogy of Euclidean geometry in a situation that could more helpfully be elucidated in non-Euclidean terms, using the analogy of an Expanding Universe, in which, for purposes of minute analysis, the traditional concepts of finite categories and limited wholes could usefully be employed, but which at the same time was a kind of open-ended affair like the arms of the great spiral nebula in the constellation of Andromeda, coherently unified but diverging forever without limit. Was it really necessary or even desirable for the productive study of archeological objects and their implications to reduce every last one of them to taxonomic precision? Not so long ago James Ford made some relevant and revealing observations about that curious but instructive folk, the Gamma-Gamma (Ford 1954). Ford's study confined itself to house types, and he may not have known that the Gamma-Gamma were in fact also ceramists of great virtuosity. The center of the Gamma-Gamma pottery industry lies on the far side of the
Mindfulness meditation training for sport (MMTS) intervention: Impact of MMTS with division I female athletes

Mindfulness training has been considered an effective mode for optimizing sport performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a twelve-session, 30-minute mindfulness meditation training session for sport (MMTS) intervention. The sample included a Division I female collegiate athletes, using quantitative comparisons based on pre- and post-test ratings on the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), the Psychological Well-Being Scale and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Paired sample t-tests highlight significant increases in mindfulness scores for the intervention group (p < .01), while the comparison group score of mindfulness remained constant. Both groups remained stable in reported positive affect however the intervention group maintained stable reports of negative affect while the comparison group experienced a significant increase in Negative Affect (p < .001). Results are discussed in relation to existing theories on mindfulness and meditation
Chinese graduate students ’ perceptions of group size , efficiency and conflict in peer response

“Negative” results regarding peer responders’ behavior and attitudes reported in studies involving international ESL students have stimulated much discussion. In particular, studies conducted in Chinese settings have raised concerns about students’ apathy and reluctance to give negative feedback to or disagree with peers. This paper examines Chinese graduate students’ views on conflict and two other aspects which have not be addressed in ESL peer response research: efficiency (which is possibly an important factor in Chinese students’ receptivity to peer response) and group size in the context of a shortened peer response procedure. Three surveys were administered (after the first peer response session, after the fourth session and at the end of the course) to elicit the views of 35 graduate ESL students from China regarding group size, efficiency and conflict. Overall, the level of the students’ receptivity to the peer response activities was positive. The survey data suggest that efficiency was not a significant concern in the context of the shortened peer response procedure. Interestingly, students’ self-reports indicated a willingness to explore different opinions and disagree with each other. The students expressed a clear preference for groups of threes, apparently because avoidance of conflict is more likely to occur in dyads than in three-member groups. Taken together, the data indicate that the students’ views of group size, efficiency and conflict management were intertwined and raise the question of whether students’ behaviors and attitudes may be influenced by contextual factors and not only by cultural factors as argued in previous studies.
Simulation Training for Rural Health Practitioners : a Transformative Approach

This paper describes and analyses the transformative educational approach underpinning two courses in simulation training for rural health practitioners. The twoday courses (one in anaesthesia, and one in emergency care) have been developed and delivered by staff at the Simulation and Skills Training Centre, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria. The Centre is only one of three in Australia to offer a fullscale clinical environment using a realistic patient simulator to replicate a range of anaesthesia and emergency scenarios. It offers the only simulation courses designed specifically for rural practitioners. Since 1998, 100 rural general practitioner anaesthetists and 90 nurses have completed the Rural Anaesthesia Crisis Resource Management course. Since February 2000, 25 general practitioners and 25 nurses have completed the Rural Emergency Crisis Resource Management course. Evaluation has revealed very high levels of participant satisfaction, and substantial changes to rural practice in anaesthesia and emergency care. Aspects of the courses that have been found to promote these transformations include: preliminary site visits to the rural hospitals; small group-based learning involving teams of general practitioners and nurses from the same hospital; using a range of teaching and learning strategies based on adult learning principles (rather than a reliance on didactic teaching); using a high fidelity, simulated environment to replicate rural settings and scenarios; combining technical/medical skills training with the behavioural principles of crisis resource management; and providing ongoing professional support to rural participants.
Anaerobic degradation of oil hydrocarbons by sulfate-reducing and nitrate-reducing bacteria

Crude oil is a complex mixture mainly composed of various saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Whereas degradation of hydrocarbons by oxygen-respiring microorganisms has been known for nearly one century, utilization of hydrocarbons under anoxic conditions has been investigated only during the past ten years. The present paper summarizes investigations into the anaerobic degradability of crude oil as a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. Anaerobic growth on crude oil was observed in enrichment cultures and pure cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Several alkylbenzenes and n-alkanes were specifically consumed with concomitant reduction of sulfate to sulfide; consumed hydrocarbons together accounted for up to approximately 10% of the crude oil. Incompletely consumed alkylbenzenes exhibited an enrichment in 13 C versus 12 C. Sulfate-reduction with oil hydrocarbons may offer an explanation for ancient microbial processes in oil reservoirs where reduced sulfur species are present, and for the undesirable sulfide formation in oil production plants. Furthermore, an anaerobic consumption of alkylbenzenes and n-alkanes from crude oil in enrichment cultures and pure cultures of denitrifying bacteria could be demonstrated.
Genetically Driven Target Tissue Overexpression of CD40: A Novel Mechanism in Autoimmune Disease

The CD40 gene, an important immune regulatory gene, is also expressed and functional on nonmyeloid-derived cells, many of which are targets for tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, including β cells in type 1 diabetes, intestinal epithelial cells in Crohn’s disease, and thyroid follicular cells in Graves’ disease (GD). Whether target tissue CD40 expression plays a role in autoimmune disease etiology has yet to be determined. In this study, we show that target tissue overexpression of CD40 plays a key role in the etiology of autoimmunity. Using a murine model of GD, we demonstrated that thyroidal CD40 overexpression augmented the production of thyroid-specific Abs, resulting in more severe experimental autoimmune GD (EAGD), whereas deletion of thyroidal CD40 suppressed disease. Using transcriptome and immune–pathway analyses, we showed that in both EAGD mouse thyroids and human primary thyrocytes, CD40 mediates this effect by activating downstream cytokines and chemokines, most notably IL-6. To translate these findings into therapy, we blocked IL-6 during EAGD induction in the setting of thyroidal CD40 overexpression and showed decreased levels of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor-stimulating Abs and frequency of disease. We conclude that target tissue overexpression of CD40 plays a key role in the etiology of organ-specific autoimmune disease.
The archaeology of Fazzān: volume 4, survey and excavations at Old Jarma (ancient Garama) carried out by C.M. Daniels (1962–69) and the Fazzān Project (1997–2001)

The archaeology of Fazzān: volume 4, survey and excavations at Old Jarma (ancient Garama) carried out by C.M. Daniels (1962–69) and the Fazzān Project (1997–2001), edited by David J. Mattingly.London, The Society for Libyan Studies, and Tripoli, Department of Antiquities, 2013, xxix + 610 pp. + CD with Appendices and Catalogues, 260 pp. (hardcover), £60, ISBN 978-1-900971-18-8. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/ 0067270X.2014. 938490
Southern Hemisphere extratropical forcing : a new paradigm for El Niño-Southern Oscillation

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical forcing: a new paradigm for El Niño-Southern Oscillation Pascal Terray