Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus.

Artic char (Salvelinus alpinus) is a relative newcomer to the aquaculture industry and first impressions were that this would be a highly successful freshwater species because of its ready acceptance by the consumer, the anticipated high price predicted for it relative to its closest competitor, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and the fact that it was easy to culture. A recent review of the potential for Arctic-char culture in Norway by Heggberget et al. (1994) reports that pre-smolt char grew better than Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) and almost as fast as pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Most of the early culture efforts on char involved defining the growth characteristics of various char strains, such as the Canadian strains Nauyuk and Labrador and the Norwegian strains Sunndalsora, Hammerfest and Svalbard. Common features of the results from these studies were variation in size, early sexual maturation or precociousness of a component of all char populations and the reduced ability of char to absorb pigments. This meant that frequent grading was required and cultured char did not have the deep-red appearance of wild char. Nevertheless, there has been a steady effort in several parts of the northern hemisphere to understand nutritional requirements of char, using the rainbow-trout model. Arctic char has the most northern distribution of all freshwater fish species and is widespread in the Arctic and subarctic regions of North America, Europe and Asia (Johnson, 1980). Slow-growing populations are restricted to land-locked systems, while the faster-growing and larger char feed in the marine environment during the open-water period. Char occur as monospecies in many Arctic lakes and also coexist with other freshwater species, such as lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). In some
An alternative interpretation of the Cayman trough evolution from a reidentification of magnetic anomalies

Magnetic data were collected during the Wilkes (1973) and Seacarib II (1987) cruises to the Cayman trough. A new interpretation of magnetic data is carried out. An isochron pattern is drawn up from our anomaly identifications. An early Eocene age (49 Ma, Ypresian) for Cayman trough opening is proposed instead of the late Oligocene or middle Eocene ages suggested by previous studies. Our plate tectonic reconstruction is simpler and fits the on-land geology (Jamaica and Cuba) and the tectonics. Our reconstruction shows a southward propagation of the spreading centre between magnetic anomalies 8 and 6 (26 and 20 Ma). The trough width increases by 30 km in this period. The southward propagation of the Cayman spreading centre from the Middle Oligocene to the Early Miocene induced the development of the restraining bend of the Swan Islands, the formation of a 1 km high scarp on the eastern trace of the Cayman trough transform fault (Walton fault) and the formation of a pull-apart basin (Hendrix pull-apart). Magnetic anomalies and magnetization maps give information about the deformation and the rocks. The proposed evolutionary model of the Cayman trough from the inception of seafloor spreading to the present configuration is presented in relation to the tectonic escape of the northern boundary of the Caribbean plate from the Maastrichtian to the Present.
Toxicity of three pesticides on larval instars of Osmia cornuta: preliminary results

The effects of three pesticides on the preimaginal development of Osmia cornuta (Latreille) were investigated. All three pesticides are considered harmless to adult bees: two of them, Stroby ® (a.i. kresoxim-methyl) and Cuprocaffaro/WG ® (a.i. copper oxychloride) are fungicides, and one, Tecomag® (Quassia amara extract), is an insecticide. Eggs/larvae of O. cornuta, provided with their maternal provision, were placed inside gelatine capsules. The following groups, each of them exposed to a different treatment, were established: 30 eggs/larvae, the maternal provision being added with 1 µl Stroby® at field dose (14 g/hl); 29 eggs/larvae, the maternal provision being added with 1 µl Cuprocaffaro/WG ® at field dose (100 g/hl); 29 eggs/larvae, the maternal provision being added with 1 µl Tecomag ® at field dose (400 cc/hl); 30 eggs/larvae, the maternal provision being added with 1 µl of deionised water (untreated control); 20 eggs/larvae were left on their maternal provision and transferred in gelatine capsules, thus acting as non-manipulated control. The toxic impact of the three pesticides has been evaluated by recording and comparing the final mortality in each group, i.e. percent larvae that did not finish cocoon spinning. Tecomag ® showed the most toxic effect (82.8% final mortality), followed by copper oxychloride (44.8% mortality). The final mortality of eggs/larvae treated with Stroby® (13.3%) did not differ significantly from the one recorded for both the untreated and the non-manipulated controls (10.0% and 9.9%, respectively). Stroby may thus be considered harmless to O. cornuta larvae. No manipulation damage was evidenced, being the mortality of the non-manipulated control group identical to the water-treated control.
Potential of GLMM in modelling invasive spread.

Utilization of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) in invasion biology has increased exponentially during the last 5-10 years. GLMM are useful tools that can handle data with various distributions as well as s patial or temporal dependence which are involved in many study designs. We review the c urrent state-of-the-art of GLMM with special focus on applications in invasion biol ogy. This review covers all steps of data analysis with GLMM. We address frequently encountered practical problems, such as failure of convergence, and put some emphasis on validation of model assumptions. Further, we point towards possibilities of analysin g zero-heavy data using combined GLMM. More detailed insight into practical applicat ions of GLMM is provided in three worked examples in the supplementary material. Regarding applications of GLMM in invasion biology, a literature analysis showed that random effects are mostly used to account for non-independence of observations due to study design, but rarely for estimation of random variation. There may be some potential in using random-effect estimation more consciously, like in some recent st udies of genetic variation of invasive species. Often, invasion biologists have to deal wi th count data or proportions. In such cases, several methods of parameter estimation are available, but their suitability depends on characteristics of the data at hand and, hence, they should be chosen carefully. Also repeated measures are common in invasion biology. In GLMM frameworks, the auto-correlation of such data can b e modelled by structured co-variance matrices. This opportunity, however, has seldom bee n used.
Redefining the global populations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae based on pathogenic, molecular and phenotypic characteristics

Knowing the population structure of a pathogen is fundamental for developing reliable phytosanitary legislation, detection techniques, and control strategies based on the actual aggressiveness and distribution of the pathogen. Currently, four populations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) have been described: Psa 1, Psa 2, Psa 3 and Psa 4. However, diagnostic assays specific for Psa populations do not detect Psa 4, the less virulent (LV) strains isolated in New Zealand. Similarly, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of housekeeping genes, or broad Psa strain genome comparisons, revealed that Psa 4-LV strains clustered separately from other Psa populations. In order to examine whether the placement of Psa 4 in the pathovar actinidiae was appropriate, various tests were carried out. It was shown that the Psa 4-LV strains induced leaf and shoot wilting in Prunus cerasus, extensive necrotic lesions in Capsicum annuum fruits, and no significant symptoms in Actinidia deliciosa. Moreover, repetitive-sequence PCR fingerprinting, type III secretion system effector protein genes detection and colony morphology clearly indicated the distinctiveness of Psa 4-LV strains from the other three Psa populations. Rep-PCR molecular typing revealed a high similarity of the Psa 4-LV strains with members of Pseudomonas avellanae species. The Psa 4-LV strains, most probably, belong to a new, still unnamed pathovar. It was concluded that the Psa 4-LV strains isolated in New Zealand do not belong to the pathovar actinidiae, and, consequently, three Psa populations pathogenic to Actinidia spp. should currently include Psa 1, Psa 2 and Psa 3.
Sripetchdanond and Leeva r of human enamel opposing olithic zirconia , glass ceramic , and posite resin : An in vitro study anond , DDSa

Material and methods. Twenty-four test specimens (antagonists), 6 each of monolithic zirconia, glass ceramic, composite resin, and enamel, were prepared into cylindrical rods. Enamel specimens were prepared from 24 extracted human permanent molar teeth. Enamel specimens were abraded against each type of antagonist with a pin-on-disk wear tester under a constant load of 25 N at 20 rpm for 4800 cycles. The maximum depth of wear (Dmax), mean depth of wear (Da), and mean surface roughness (Ra) of the enamel specimens were measured with a profilometer. All data were statistically analyzed by 1-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey test (a1⁄4.05). A paired t test was used to compare the Ra of enamel at baseline and after testing. The wear of both the enamel and antagonists was evaluated qualitatively with scanning electron microscopic images.
Industrial Management & Data Systems

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the economic feasibility of a three-echelon Halal Meat Supply Chain (HMSC) network that is monitored by a proposed radio frequency identification (RFID)-based management system for enhancing the integrity traceability of Halal meat products and to maximize the average integrity number of Halal meat products, maximize the return of investment (ROI), maximize the capacity utilization of facilities and minimize the total investment cost of the proposed RFID-monitoring system. The location-allocation problem of facilities needs also to be resolved in conjunction with the quantity flow of Halal meat products from farms to abattoirs and from abattoirs to retailers. Design/methodology/approach – First, a deterministic multi-objective mixed integer linear programming model was developed and used for optimizing the proposed RFID-based HMSC network toward a comprised solution based on four conflicting objectives as described above. Second, a stochastic programming model was developed and used for examining the impact on the number of Halal meat products by altering the value of integrity percentage. The ε -constraint approach and the modified weighted sum approach were proposed for acquisition of non-inferior solutions obtained from the developed models. Furthermore, the Max-Min approach was used for selecting the best solution among them. Findings – The research outcome shows the applicability of the developed models using a real case study. Based on the computational results, a reasonable ROI can be achievable by implementing RFID into the HMSC network. Research limitations/implications – This work addresses interesting avenues for further research on exploring the HMSC network design under different types of uncertainties and transportation means. Also, environmentalism has been becoming increasingly a significant global problem in the present century. Thus, the presented model could be extended to include the environmental aspects as an objective function. Practical implications – The model can be utilized for food supply chain designers. Also, it could be applied to realistic problems in the field of supply chain management.
Length- weight relationships, condition factor (K) and relative condition factor (Kn) of Sparids, Dentex congoensis (Maul, 1954) and Dentex angolensis (Maul and Poll, 1953), in Nigerian coastal water

Length-weight relationship and condition factors were estimated for Dentex congoensis and Dentex angolensis of the family sparidae trawled from Nigeria Coastal water in 2009. A total number of 534 specimens ranging from 7.2 – 3.0 cm in total length and 5.4 – 489.8 g in weight were analyzed. The lengthweight relationship is shown by the following equations: LogW –1.610 + 2.791logL (Dentex congoensis) and LogW = -1.558 + 2.776logL (D angolensis). The two species studied exhibited negative allometric growth (b < 3) with the mean b = 2.78 at p < 0.001. The correlation coefficient (R) values were 0.91 (Dentex congoensis) and 0.98 (D angolensis). The condition factor (K) and relative condition factor (Kn) were determined for each species separately. The condition factor (K) obtained for Dentex congoensis and Dentex angolensis were between 0.86 – 8.04 with mean value of 2.48 ± 0.58 and between 2.06 – 6.13 with mean value of 2.79 ± 0.42 respectively. The relative condition factor (Kn) values were 1.28 ±1.09 (Dentex congoensis) and 1.66 ± 2.44 (Dentex anoglensis). The maximum ‘Kn’ values were recorded during the length at first maturity and there was a general decreased in relative condition factor (Kn) with increase length for the two species.
THE ANALYSIS OF COMPANY CHARACTERISTIC INFLUENCE TOWARD CSR DISCLOSURE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED IN JSX

This paper investigates the influence of company characteristic toward Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure. The research is using the proxy of management ownership, leverage, size, profitability and company profile as the variable of company characteristic, while the CSR disclosure, unlike the previous researches, is proxied by dummy score from the companiesâ€™ mandatory disclosure based on the items of Public Environmental Reporting Initiative (PERI) and Global Reporting Initiative Social Performance (GRISP) issued by Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Our research found that simultaneously, company characteristics significantly influence CSR disclosure. Whereas based on the partial test, amongst the characteristics observed, only company profile which significantly influences CSR disclosure. The result indicates that legitimacy from the society is the big concern of companies and therefore drives the actions of companies. However, the disclosure presumably depends on the awareness of the management toward social and environmental prosperity because the pressure from investors and market is still weak. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, management ownership, leverage, size, profitability, company profile
Original Article Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of the Crude Extracts of Endophytic Fungus, Alternaria sp. from the Medicinal Plant Euphorbia hirta (L)

Endophytic fungi are a noble and consistent source of unique natural amalgams with a high level of biodiversity and may also yield several compounds of pharmaceutical significance, which is currently attracting scientific surveys worldwide. Every plant in the world is reservoir of much number of endophytes. In nature, plants seem to be in a close interface with endophytic fungi. Euphorbia hirta (L) is known to possess medicinal properties. Only a few plants have been studied for their endophyte biodiversity and their potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. There is a need to understand the biodiversity of endophytic fungi and their potential of producing novel compounds of medicinal importance. Our study revealed potential antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of endophytic fungi isolated from fresh leaves of Euphorbia hirta. A total of six endophytic fungi were isolated on PDA medium and cultural characteristics of the obtained isolates were studied. The crude extracts of six endophytic fungi obtained were screened for antibacterial activity against E. coli, Pseudomonas sp1, Pseudomonas sp2, S.typhi, Bacillus sp, and S.aureus by using three different solvents such as methanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform by disc diffusion method. Amongst all the endophytic fungi, VDPS-3 crude extract from ethyl acetate showed encouraging results with good zone of inhibition compared to the other two solvents, so further it was subjected for the phytochemical analysis and this was identified as Alternaria sp. Phytochemical analysis of VDPS-3 revealed that the culture filtrate contains alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycoside and tannins with a rich source of wide range of bioactive compounds which evaluates not only their clinical potential but also their use in various other industries. © 2015 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
nhancing consumer – brand relationships on restaurant Facebook fan ages : Maximizing consumer benefits and increasing active articipation

Facebook has been widely recognized as a popular contemporary trend in marketing. Using a Facebook fan page can help a firm successfully establish and maintain positive consumer–brand relationships by offering special benefits to members who “like” the fan page on their Facebook accounts. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between four benefit components (functional benefits, social–psychological benefits, hedonic benefits, and monetary benefits) obtained by fan page members rand commitment and members’ community participation, brand trust, and brand commitment. The results of data analysis revealed that fan page members are more likely to visit restaurant Facebook fan pages when they obtain social–psychological and hedonic benefits from their interactions on the pages. Because members can develop strong trust and commitment toward restaurant brands through active participation on Facebook fan pages, this study provides a practical foundation for future research investigating Facebook as a marketing tool and suggests brand management strategies for use in online communities.
Job satisfaction, flexible employment and job security among Turkish service sector workers

This article examines the association between job satisfaction, flexible employment and job security among Turkish service sector workers. Data come from a survey of workers in banking and related sectors’ call centres, frontline five-star hotel staff and airline cabin crews (N = 407). Results show that flexible employment involving fixed-term contract, paid and unpaid overtime, on-call work and mismatched contract and hours are not associated with job satisfaction. Perceived job security is positively associated with job satisfaction. The study provides evidence that the perception of job security rather than flexible employment is an important contributor to job satisfaction for Turkish workers in the sample.
ATTITUDES TOWARD AND EMOTIONS RELATED TO WOMEN AS MANAGERS: A REPLICATION AND BEYOND

This research replicates and extends the investigation of attitudes toward women as managers. The experimental group based upon a simulated business game environment and the control group based upon the real life experience were used to investigate three questions. How do male and female subjects perceive women as managers in the workplace? How do male and female subjects perceive the issue of women in management emotionally? How do male and female subjects view the paternity leave program? Results of the study indicate that perceptions about the first question are still widely apart between male and female subjects. Women, however, have stronger emotions attached to the underlying issue. Parental leave is hardly considered to be an issue at all.
Study in Finland Vitamin D Status and the Risk of Lung Cancer : A Cohort

Experimental data support the suppressing effect of vitamin D on lung carcinogenesis, but epidemiologic evidence is limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level is associated with the risk of lung cancer in a prospective cohort study in Finland. 25(OH)D levels were measured by RIA from serum collected at baseline (1978-1980) from 6,937 men and women. During a maximum follow-up of 24 years, 122 lung cancers were identified. After adjustment for potential confounders, no overall significant association between vitamin D and lung cancer risk was observed [relative risk (RR) for the highest versus lowest tertile, 0.72; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.43-1.19; P trend = 0.22]. There was a statistically significant interaction between vitamin D and sex (P = 0.02) and age (P = 0.02): serum 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with lung cancer incidence for women (RR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.59; Ptrend < 0.001) and younger participants (RR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13-0.90; P trend = 0.04) but not for men (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.591.82; Ptrend = 0.81) or older individuals (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.50-1.70; P trend = 0.79). In conclusion, although there was no overall association between vitamin D and lung cancer risk, women and young participants with a higher level of vitamin Dwere observed to have a lower lung cancer risk. Although experimental data support the suppressing effect of vitamin D on the development of lung cancer, large epidemiologic studies from different populations with repeated measurements of vitamin D are warranted to confirm this finding. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3274–8)
The ecology of marine microbenthos III. The reproductive potential of ciliates

Abstract Growth rates of populations of 9 benthic marine ciliate species were measured in pure cultures at different temperatures. All species had a maximal growth rate above 20°C which is above the average temperature in their natural environment. Several species multiplied at 4°C and one species also at 0°C, and it is suggested that all species are able to multiply at temperatures between 0 and 4°C at very slow rates after long periods of adaptation. At 20°C generation times varied between 2.4 hours (Uronema marina) and 46 hours (Condylostoma patulum) corresponding to intrinsic rates of natural increase (r, per day): 6.65–0.36 and finite rates of increase (λ per day): ca. 1000-1.4. The maximal reproductive rate of ciliates was found to be correlated with cell size. It was found that T = k × v0.44, where T is generation time and v is the average body volume. The reproductive rates of ciliates are compared with values of r for small metazoans (based on the literature or estimated from published data on fe.
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Egyptian chronic hepatitis C patients treated with Pegylated interferon and Ribavirin

Background:Hepatitis C is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality and represents a major public health problem in Egypt and worldwide. INF therapy is the most popular treatment for HCV. INF has many side effects most of them still under study. The development of thyroid dysfunction during IFN and Ribavirin combination therapy has been reported. Aim:The aim of this study is to assess the Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Egyptian chronic hepatitis C patient treated with pegylated interferon and Ribavirin Materials & Methods:The study was conducted in cooperation between Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University and Internal Medicine Department, out patients' clinic of National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute (NHTMRI) in the period from January 2009 to June 2010. The current study included 200 patients who fulfilled the predesigned inclusion criteria. TSH was done pre treatment, every 3 months during treatment and 3 months following termination of treatment also were done for all cases. Also, FT3 and FT4 were done if there is abnormal TSH. Results: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated INF and Ribavirin reaching 19% in this study.