Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ABLATION OF THE HEAT SHOCK FACTOR-1 INCREASES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HYPEROXIA-MEDIATED CELLULAR INJURY

High concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) are known to cause cellular injury and death. The heat shock response is a highly conserved cellular defense mechanism that protects cells against various environmental stressors, including hyperoxia. Herein we determined the role of heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), a major component of the heat shock response, in protecting cells against hyperoxia. Embryonic fibroblasts from HSF-1-null mutant mice (HSF-1 -/- cells) were compared to wild-type embryonic fibroblasts (HSF-1 +/+ cells) following 24 hours' exposure to room air or hyperoxia (95% O 2) . Acute survival in hyperoxia was decreased in HSF-1 -/- cells as compared to HSF-1 +/+ cells. Intracellular ATP levels were significantly lower in the HSF-1 -/- cells as compared to the HSF-1 +/+ cells exposed to hyperoxia. Isoprostane levels, a marker of membrane lipid peroxidation, were significantly higher in the HSF-1 -/- cells as compared to the HSF-1 +/+ cells exposed to hyperoxia. Restoration of HSF-1 in the HSF-1 -/- cells by stable transfection with a HSF-1 expression plasmid improved survival in hyperoxia when compared to HSF-1 -/- cells stably transfected with the empty expression vector. Hyperoxia increased activation of HSF-1 in HSF-1 +/+ cells and in HSF-1 -/- cells stably transfected with the HSF-1 expression plasmid. These data demonstrate that HSF-1 plays an important role in conferring resistance to hyperoxia in vitro.
Outcome of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis admitted to the ICU for respiratory failure.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To analyze the outcome of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and to evaluate the benefits of invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation (MV). DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS Fifteen consecutive patients with IPF referred to the ICU for ARF between January 1989 and June 1998. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Fifteen patients (mean +/- SD age, 64 +/- 10 years) were included. Eight patients had clinical, functional, and radiologic features of IPF, and the remaining seven patients also had biopsy specimen-proven IPF. The mean duration between diagnosis of IPF and admission to the ICU was 26.5 +/- 28 months. At the time of ICU admission, mean arterial blood gas levels were as follows: PaO(2)/fraction of inspired oxygen, 113 +/- 95; pH, 7.32 +/- 0.10; and PaCO(2), 55 +/- 21 mm Hg. All patients received MV; 12 patients required tracheal intubation, either at the time of ICU admission (n = 10) or after failure of noninvasive ventilation (NIV; n = 2); and 3 patients only received NIV. Three of the five patients receiving NIV died of respiratory failure. Eleven patients died in the ICU, either from hypoxemia (n = 8) or from septic shock (n = 3). Four patients were discharged alive from the ICU, and two of them died shortly thereafter. CONCLUSION The outcome of patients with IPF referred to the ICU for ARF was very poor and not improved by MV. Without a clearly identified reversible cause of ARF, these patients should not benefit from admission to the ICU.
The nuremberg doctors' trial : framing collective memory through argument

In 1946, a military tribunal constituted by the United States government put twenty-three physicians and medical support staffers from the recently defeated German Nazi regime on trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity consisting of participation in medical experiments conducted on concentration camp inmates. The trial produced sixteen convictions, seven acquittals, and the Nuremberg Code, which remains to this day a founding document in biomedical ethics. The Code does not mark a consensus, but rather an enduring controversy, in the medical field. This study examines the role of constitutive elements of argument in the framing of collective memory about the Nazi medical experiments within the specialized community of medical professionals. Findings included the core elements of the prosecution's proposed frame, points of stasis between prosecution and defense, and the tribunal's incorporation of the broad sweep of the prosecution's case with some of the defense's pleas of extreme necessity in the verdicts. From the state of human subject research ethics pre-Nuremberg to the present date, a definite break and alignment into enduring positions is discernible, which first appears at Nuremberg. The trial thus reconfigured discursive space and both opened up and channeled the possibility of deliberation on ethical matters in the global medical community. INDEX WORDS: Collective memory, Nuremberg Code, Karl Brandt, Nazi doctors, Informed consent, Argument, Constitutive Rhetoric THE NUREMBERG DOCTORS' TRIAL: FRAMING COLLECTIVE MEMORY THROUGH ARGUMENT
Mapping gay and lesbian neighborhoods using home advertisements: Change and continuity in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Statistical Area over three decades

Determining the spatial distribution of gay and lesbian households is relevant to understanding gay and lesbian identity and empowerment, and it has been a goal for geographers over the past half century. Our paper answers to calls for investigations of gay and lesbian geography beyond traditional enclaves. We use 9210 street addresses of advertised rental and for-sale properties posted between 1986 and 2012 in the gay and lesbian-oriented Dallas Voice to map historical changes in the spatial distribution of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Statistical Area’s gay and lesbian population. We show how gay and lesbian markets contrast with those of all Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Statistical Area renters and homeowners, and consider our data in light of Dallas Voice coverage of how the location of the gay and lesbian population has shifted. Among other things, we find that advertisements have come to feature properties further from gay bars, and in census tracts of higher income, education levels, and rents, but that these advertisements also have consistently featured properties in census tracts with older construction and a higher proportion of same-sex coupled households. Our findings provide evidence of dispersion from old enclaves and reclustering in new areas, suggesting both lesser attachment to traditional enclaves, and the continuing importance of proximity to each other for gay and lesbian households.
Molecular determinations of EGFR and EML4-ALK on a single slide of NSCLC tissue

Introduction Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and anti-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) agents are highly effective for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbouring specific alterations, and molecular characterisation of the tumour is needed even when limited tumour material is available. Methods 20 patients with a known epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene status were enrolled: 10 had mutated and 10 had wild type tumours. FISH analysis was performed on one cytological or histological sample to determine EML4-ALK status, after which the same cells scraped off each slide were used to evaluate the EGFR status. Results In the 10 EGFR mutated patients, molecular analysis showed the same results as those obtained before the FISH test. One patient with an EGFR mutation also showed an EML4-ALK translocation, and both FISH-positive and FISH-negative cells maintained the EGFR mutation. Conclusions EGFR mutation analysis can be performed on the same sample previously submitted to the EML4-ALK FISH procedure.
Joint height estimation and semantic labeling of monocular aerial images with CNNS

We aim to jointly estimate height and semantically label monocular aerial images. These two tasks are traditionally addressed separately in remote sensing, despite their strong correlation. Therefore, a model learning both height and classes jointly seems advantageous and so, we propose a multitask Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture with two losses: one performing semantic labeling, and another predicting normalized Digital Surface Model (nDSM) from the pixel values. Since the nDSM/height information is used only in the second loss, there is no need to have a nDSM map at test time, and the model can estimate height automatically on new images. We test our proposed method on a set of sub-decimeter resolution images and show that our model equals the performances of two separate models, but at the cost of a single one.
Genetic structure of cassava populations (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from Angola assessed through (ISSR) markers

Eighteen ISSR primers (between Simple Repeated Sequences) were used to estimate the genetic diversity of Angolan cassava populations in order to identify genetic variabilities and their potential to be used in the diversification of cassava crops in Angola. In order to do so, three populations from three Angolan provinces were analyzed (Cuanza Norte, Uige and Malanje), which totaled 40 genotypes. In total, 116 bands were amplified with 93.24% polymorphism and 6.4 markers per ISSR primer, on average. Nei’s gene diversity (H) and Shannon indices (I) applied to the analyzed accessions presented values ranging from H = 0.20 to 0.24 and I = 0.29 to 0.50 which are intermediate values. The total gene diversity (HT) was 0.3113, and it showed high heterozygosity in Manihot populations; this outcome indicated that these populations presented gene variability. ANOVA showed 10.41% total variance between populations and 89.59% within them. Molecular featuring revealed gene diversity in each of the assessed populations; there was gene structuring between populations. Key words: Gene diversity, molecular markers, gene flow, polymorphism.
Combined measurement of procalcitonin and soluble TREM-1 in the diagnosis of nosocomial sepsis

This prospective, non-interventional study was conducted in a medical adult intensive care unit to determine the usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) determinations in the diagnosis of nosocomial sepsis. Serum PCT and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sTREM-1 concentrations were measured in 50 critically ill patients suffering from nosocomial sepsis. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was diagnosed in 31 patients and extrapulmonary sepsis in 19. Increase serum PCT concentration (>0.15 ng/ml) was found in 44 (88%) patients and was higher in those suffering from a non-pulmonary sepsis. The concomitant BAL sTREM-1 determination correctly classified pulmonary (VAP) versus non-pulmonary origin in 41 out of 44 cases (93%). Even when PCT concentration remained low, sTREM-1 assessment allowed for the detection of the sepsis (VAP) in 50% of cases. Both PCT and sTREM-1 concentrations were low in only 3 patients (6%) in whom sepsis could have been missed if only diagnosed by the measurement of these 2 biomarkers. We therefore concluded that the combined measurement of serum PCT and BAL sTREM-1 concentrations could be of interest in detecting the presence of a nosocomial sepsis and in discriminating VAP versus extrapulmonary infection.
Short-Course Self-Medication of Metronidazole Leading to Acute Toxic Encephalopathy and Ataxia

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology ¦ Volume 22 ¦ Issue 4 ¦ October-December 2019 543 Sir, Metronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole, is a widely prescribed antimicrobial, believed to be generally safe and primarily used to treat infections caused by susceptible anaerobic organisms and parasites. It is a cost-effective drug with favorable pharmacokinetic properties and minor adverse effects, most commonly nausea, dry mouth, vomiting, and diarrhea. The most common neurological adverse effect is peripheral neuropathy. [1] Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy (MIE) with cerebellar toxicity is a rare but a serious adverse effect with classic findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which resolve rapidly after discontinuation of drug.
Retinal capillary blood flow in diabetic and nondiabetic women during pregnancy and postpartum period.

PURPOSE To evaluate the response of retinal capillary circulation to pregnancy in women with diabetes and to correlate microcirculatory changes with progression of retinopathy during pregnancy. METHODS A prospective follow-up study of 32 pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes and 11 nondiabetic pregnant women. Perimacular capillary blood flow measured noninvasively by retinal flowmetry in the inferior perimacular retina. Eleven nonpregnant diabetic women served as diabetic control subjects. RESULTS In diabetic women, blood flows, measured by small-box analysis, were 233 +/- 69 (mean +/- SD) arbitrary units (AU) during the first trimester, 248 +/- 55 AU during the third trimester, and 238 +/- 46 AU 3 months postpartum, compared with 204 +/- 32, 195 +/- 22, and 196 +/- 34 AU in nondiabetic pregnant women (P = 0.007 between groups). A difference of the same magnitude was evident between the two groups when the mean of the 50th (P = 0.032), 75th (P = 0.004), and 90th (P = 0.007) percentiles of the individual pixel flow values were used in point-wise analysis. In nonpregnant diabetic women, the small-box mean value was 201 +/- 36, and the mean of the 75th percentile value in point-wise analysis was 316 +/- 49. Blood flow was lower in nonpregnant than in pregnant diabetic women during the third trimester (P = 0.023 and P = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Compared with nondiabetic pregnant women, retinal capillary blood flow was higher in diabetic women during pregnancy and after delivery. Together with the hormonal and metabolic changes occurring during pregnancy, hyperdynamic retinal capillary circulation may contribute to the progression of retinopathy in pregnant diabetic women.
Second language speech production: Investigating linguistic correlates of comprehensibility and accentedness for learners at different ability levels

The current project aimed to investigate the potentially different linguistic correlates of comprehensibility (i.e., ease of understanding) and accentedness (i.e., linguistic nativelikeness) in adult second language (L2) learners’ extemporaneous speech production. Timed picture descriptions from 120 beginner, intermediate, and advanced Japanese learners of English were analyzed using native speaker global judgments based on learners’ comprehensibility and accentedness, and then submitted to segmental, prosodic, temporal, lexical, and grammatical analyses. Results showed that comprehensibility was related to all linguistic domains, and accentedness was strongly tied with pronunciation (specifically segmentals) rather than lexical and grammatical domains. In particular, linguistic correlates of L2 comprehensibility and accentedness were found to vary by learners’ proficiency levels. In terms of comprehensibility, optimal rate of speech, appropriate and rich vocabulary use, and adequate and varied prosody were important for beginner to intermediate levels, whereas segmental accuracy, good prosody, and correct grammar featured strongly for intermediate to advanced levels. For accentedness, grammatical complexity was a feature of intermediate to high-level performance, whereas segmental and prosodic variables were essential to accentedness across all levels. These findings suggest that syllabi tailored to learners’ proficiency level (beginner, intermediate, or advanced) and learning goal (comprehensibility or nativelike accent) would be advantageous for the teaching of L2 speaking.
An Energy-Efficient Mobile-Sink Path Selection Strategy for Wireless Sensor Networks

Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of using a mobile sink to reduce the energy consumption of nodes and to prevent the formation of energy holes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, these benefits are dependent on the path taken by the mobile sink, particularly in delay-sensitive applications, as all sensed data must be collected within a given time constraint. An approach proposed to address this challenge is to form a hybrid moving pattern in which a mobile-sink node only visits rendezvous points (RPs), as opposed to all nodes. Sensor nodes that are not RPs forward their sensed data via multihopping to the nearest RP. The fundamental problem then becomes computing a tour that visits all these RPs within a given delay bound. Identifying the optimal tour, however, is an NP-hard problem. To address this problem, a heuristic called weighted rendezvous planning (WRP) is proposed, whereby each sensor node is assigned a weight corresponding to its hop distance from the tour and the number of data packets that it forwards to the closest RP. WRP is validated via extensive computer simulation, and our results demonstrate that WRP enables a mobile sink to retrieve all sensed data within a given deadline while conserving the energy expenditure of sensor nodes. More specifically, WRP reduces energy consumption by 22% and increases network lifetime by 44%, as compared with existing algorithms.
CD4+ T Cell Response to Factor VIII in Hemophilia A, Acquired Hemophilia, and Healthy Subjects

Introduction In spite of the significant advances in the treatment of hemophilia over the last 30 years, the development of antibodies that neutralize the procoagulant activity of factor VIII (factor VIII inhibitors) remains a serious complication of treatment with factor VIII products. Recent prospective studies of previously untreated patients with severe hemophilia have reported the incidence of inhibitor development to be approximately 20% to 25%. 1-11 Factor VIII inhibitors may also develop in individuals without congenital factor VIII deficiency. Acquired autoimmune hemophilia occurs with an incidence of 0.2 to 1.0 per 1,000,000 per year in the general population.12,13 In both congenital and acquired hemophilia, anti-factor VIII antibody inhibitors are significant contributors to the morbidity and mortality of those affected. As such, these cases present difficult therapeutic challenges. Much work over the last decade has focused on defining the epitopes on factor VIII to which inhibitor antibodies bind. While this work has clarified some of the mechanisms by which inhibitors neutralize the procoagulant function of factor VIII, our knowledge of the factor VIII-specific CD4+ T helper cells, whose activation is crucial for the synthesis of factor VIII inhibitors, remains quite limited. This review will, first, discuss how a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the immune response to factor VIII may lead to improved methods of long-term inhibitor suppression and, perhaps, even prevention of inhibitor development. Lastly, this review will describe the work in our laboratory that has begun to characterize the CD4+ T cell response to factor VIII in patients with hemophilia and in normal subjects.
In vivo human tendon mechanical properties

1 The aim of the present study was to measure the mechanical properties of human tibialis anterior (TA) tendon in vivo. 2 Measurements were taken in five males at the neutral ankle position and involved: (a) isometric dynamometry upon increasing the voltage of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the TA muscle, (b) real‐time ultrasonography for measurements of the TA tendon origin displacement during contraction and tendon cross‐sectional area, and (c) magnetic resonance imaging for estimation of the TA tendon length and moment arm. 3 From the measured joint moments and estimated moment arms, the values of tendon force were calculated and divided by cross‐sectional area to obtain stress values. The displacements of the TA tendon origin from rest to all contraction intensities were normalized to tendon length to obtain strain values. From the data obtained, the tendon force‐displacement and stress‐strain relationships were determined and the tendon stiffness and Young's modulus were calculated. 4 Tendon force and stress increased curvilinearly as a function of displacement and strain, respectively. The tendon force and displacement at maximum isometric load were 530 N and 4·1 mm, and the corresponding stress and strain values were 25 MPa and 2·5%, respectively. The tendon stiffness and Young's modulus at maximum isometric load were 161 N mm−1 and 1·2 GPa, respectively. These results are in agreement with previous reports on in vitro testing of isolated tendons and suggest that under physiological loading the TA tendon operates within the elastic ‘toe’ region.
Testosterone maintains pituitary and serum FSH and spermatogenesis in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist-suppressed rats.

Groups of adult male rats were treated continuously for 30 days with either vehicle or the potent gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist. (N-Ac-D-Nal(2)1,D-pCl-Phe2,D-Trp3,D-hArg(Et2)6,D-Ala10 )- GnRH (RS 68439; 35 micrograms/day). In addition, groups of vehicle- and antagonist-treated rats received s.c. testosterone implants sufficient to maintain serum testosterone concentrations 3.5- to 5-fold higher than those of vehicle-treated control rats. After 30 days of antagonist treatment serum LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations were at or below the detection limits of their respective assays and pituitary FSH content and GnRH receptor binding were reduced, relative to control animals, by 77 and 98% respectively. Testis weight in antagonist-treated rats was reduced by 75% and spermatogenesis was suppressed to an extent comparable to that observed in hypophysectomized rats. Testosterone, which caused a 40% reduction in serum FSH relative to control animals, prevented the antagonist-induced fall in both serum and pituitary FSH, but not GnRH receptors, below that observed in the vehicle plus testosterone-treated group. Furthermore, spermatogenesis in the antagonist plus testosterone-treated group was indistinguishable from that observed in control animals. It is concluded that testosterone is capable of maintaining serum and pituitary FSH levels in vivo, under conditions which presumably render the pituitary insensitive to hypothalamic GnRH.
Regional distribution of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in proestrous rats: effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement.

The effects of ovariectomy and estrogen treatment on hypothalamic LHRH and pituitary and serum LH were studied in female rats. The median eminence (ME) and 13 individual hypothalamic nuclei were removed by microdissection for determination of LHRH by RIA; anterior pituitary and serum LH were also measured by specific RIA. During the morning of proestrus, the highest LHRH concentration was present in the ME with high levels also present in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and in the retrochiasmatic area. Two weeks after ovariectomy, LHRH in the ME was significantly reduced to 58% of cpntrol. Four weeks after ovariectomy, LHRH in the ME and in the arcuate nucleus was reduced to 36% and 30% of controls, respectively. This progressive reduction of LHRH after ovariectomy was accompanied by parallel mcreases in both pituitary and serum LH. Daily injections of estradiol benzoate (20 /xg/day in oil) for 2 weeks prevented these changes in ovariectomized rats. LHRH in the OVLT was unchanged by.