Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CARBONATITES AND CARBONATITES AND CARBONATITES

Le clan des carbonatites est ici redefini dans le contexte d'une classification mineralogique et genetique, et subdivise en deux groupes: carbonatites primaires et residus carbothermaux. On souligne le fait que "carbonatite" est a la fois un terme petrographique applicable a un type de roche particulier, et un terme faisant reference a un groupe de roches, et applique a des roches carbonatees and silicatees genetiquement liees dans un complexe magmatique ou extrusif. On peut diviser les carbonatites primaires, en termes de classifications mineralogiques et genetiques plutot que de simples classifications modales, en un groupe de carbonatites veritablement magmatiques formees a partir de divers magmas mantelliques, i.e., carbonatites associees aux clans de melilitite, nephelinite, aillikite et kimberlite, avec ces dernieres manifestations preferablement appelees kimberlites a calcite. Chaque type de magma et les carbonatites associees seraient genetiquement distincts, et formees a des profondeurs differentes du manteau superieur selon des taux distincts de fusion partielle. Les carbonatites associees aux suites de melilitite et de nephelinite peuvent avoir une multiplicite d'origines, impliquant possiblement fusion fractionnee, cristallisation fractionnee ou immiscibilite liquide. Les kimberlites a calcite seraient des differencies tardifs a volume limite qui ne sont pas apparentees aux autres carbonatites ou a leur magmas parents. L'origine et les relations genetiques de la natrocarbonatite de Oldoinyo Lengai ne peuvent pas etre precisees sans ambiguite, quoique ces roches sont considerees comme variete distincte de carbonatite primaire. Les roches riches en carbonates associees aux divers complexes hyperalcalins potassiques ou sodiques satures ou sous-satures et derives surtout a partir du manteau lithospherique ayant subi une metasomatose, de meme que les roches enrichies en carbonates de terres rares, d'origine indeterminee, seraient plutot des residus carbothermaux que des carbonatites. Il pourrait y avoir convergence mineralogique (ou modale) entre de telles roches et les produits veritables a faible pression de carbonatites primaires enrichis en terres rares. On ne devrait pas inclure les roches riches en carbonates formees par reactions pneumatolytiques ou par anatexie de roches de la croute dans le clan des carbonatites.
Attitudes and Behavior of Turkish Consumers With Respect to Organic Foods

The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes and behavior of Turkish consumers with respect to organic foods. Data was collected from 500 consumers living in Istanbul, Turkey through a structured and undisguised questionnaire. It was found that about one fifth of the respondents either did not buy organic foods at all or bought them very infrequently. High price of organic foods seems to be the main reason for not purchasing them followed by a lack of availability whereas health of the self and/or the family is the first reason given for purchasing them. Findings related to the analyses of demographic variables revealed some statistically significant differences among different consumer groups in case of their organic food purchase frequency, their reasons for purchasing and not purchasing organic foods, and the conditions under which they would be willing to purchase organic foods more. Implications of the study for food producers/retailers, regulatory agencies, and further research are also included in the paper.
The Defence Spending-Growth Nexus In Turkey

Due to globalization the power balances change in the form of a new world. In order to continue their freedom against inner and outer threats, countries have spent some of their national income to the military defence although their nation’s loss of wealth. Recently, it has been wondered how the portion military defence spending has affected the financial growth. In this research, it will be studied on whether defence spending has a triggering effect on economical development. After dealing with the relationship of defence spending with economic growth on the frame of theory, it is concluded that there has been a two dimensional causality relation between defence spending and growth by analyzing 2006 – 2015 years data in long and short terms.
In-depth Imaging of an Iron Orebody From Quadrilatero Ferrífero Using 3D Gravity Gradient Inversion

SUMMARY We have interpreted the airborne gravity gradiometry data from Quadrilatero Ferrifero, an iron ore province in southeastern Brazil. Aiming at retrieving the geometry of the iron body, we have used a fast and novel gravity inversion method for estimating a 3D density-contrast distribution defined on a grid of prisms. This inversion approach combines robust data-fitting with an iterative procedure that does not require the solution of a large equation system. By using a systematic search algorithm, the estimated mass grows around prismatic elements called “seeds”. The interpreter specifies the locations and the associated density contrasts of the seeds. Automatically, the inversion method fits the observations and favors compact gravity sources closest to the seeds. To produce a more robust data fitting than least-squares fit, the inversion method minimizes the L1–norm of the residuals. Hence, it allows the presence of large residuals, so that outliers produced by non-targeted bodies can be handled. By using 126 seeds which were assigned density contrasts of 0.5 g.cm -3 and whose locations were based on our knowledge about the QF area, we have retrieved a continuous elongated iron body that fits the observed components of the gravity gradient. Our inversion result agrees reasonably with previous geophysical interpretations. In addition, our result honors the borehole information about the iron body
Deconstructing the Archetypal Self-Other Dichotomy in William Shakespeare’s The Tempest

Shakespeare’s The Tempest (1610-1611) is one of the controversial plays regarding whether to be placed in the purview of colonialism or anti-colonialism. The bard sketches two antithetical characters in the course of the play, Prospero and Caliban, who form the two extremes of the self against the other dichotomy. This study aims at proving Shakespeare’s proclaimed presuppositions at the realm of colonialism through his attempt to deconstruct the dichotomic discourse of colonialism via these two characters. The study also explains how the play starts with structuring two binary-oppositional spheres to lead readers eventually to question the very purpose of colonialism, which dehumanizes the colonized people. The data used in this study are generated through both primary and secondary sources of data collection, (i.e. the paly and other studies that give input to the discourse of the study). The paper moreover, focuses on Abdul R. JanMohamad’s concept of Manicheanism allegory to examine the backdrop of postcolonial view of self/other dichotomy. A critical discourse narrative technique is employed in the discussion section of the study based on the deconstruction apparatus, such as binary opposition, Manicheanism allegory and symbolism. The study also refers to Shakespeare’s symbolism of Prospero as a character who can be perceived as Columbus himself, and consequently as the representative of the colonial enterprise. At the end of the play, therefore, the language of Prospero becomes noticeably less hegemonic, as he realizes that the individuals on the island should be emancipated from his dominance. In this way, Prospero becomes the mouthpiece of Shakespeare himself, who conveys counter-colonial beliefs, such as the confusion of the biological and the cultural, and the colonizers’ claim of their superiority, over the colonized; and thus, their right to dominate.
Mapping Bank Securities across Euro Area Sectors: Comparing Funding and Exposure Networks

We present new evidence on the structure of euro area securities markets using a multilayer network approach. Layers are broken down by key instruments and maturities as well as the secured nature of the transaction. This paper utilizes a unique dataset of banking sector crossholdings of securities to map these exposures among banks and economic and financial sectors. We can compare and contrast funding and exposure networks among banks themselves and of banks, non-banks and the wider economy. The analytical approach presented here is highly relevant for the design of appropriate prudential measures, since it supports the identification of counterparty risk, concentration risk and funding risk within the interbank network and the wider macro-financial network. JEL Classification: D85, E44, G21, L14
Optimal intertemporal investment in Australian agriculture: An empirical investigation

This paper empirically investigates optimal intertemporal investment behaviour of farmers in Australia. The dynamic investment model is estimated using pooled crosssectional and time-series farm survey data spanning the period 1979-1993. The model captures intertemporal investment behaviour of farmers, including independent and instantaneous adjustment decisions. Empirical test results indicate that labour, capital, sheep numbers and cattle numbers adjust sluggishly towards their long-run equilibrium levels. Results provide empirical evidence to indicate that adjustment problem is characteristic of production in agricultural zones Australia.
Antimicrobial and toxicological screening of the aqueous stem bark extract of Zizyphus spina-christi (Linnaeus Desf)

Plant based antimicrobials represents a vast untapped source for medicines. Continued and further exploration of plants antimicrobials need to occur as it has enormous therapeutic potentials, effective in the treatment of infectious diseases while simultaneously mitigating many of the side effects that are often associated with synthetic antimicrobials. In line with this objective, the stem bark extract of Zizyphus spina-christi which has ethnomedicinal value was studied. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the stem bark extract (aqueous) was investigated using the agar plate diffusion and broth dilution methods. Laboratory isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli, were used as test organisms. The effects of gastrically administered stem bark extract of Zizyphus spina-christi was investigated in rats. Groups of rats were orally administered 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg body weight of extracts daily for 3 weeks. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation and blood collected for biochemical analysis. The stem bark (aqueous) extract demostrated activity against all tested organisms. Although there was no inhibition of C. albican at low dose but was susceptible above 600mg/ml suggesting that the extract possess antifungal activity. The extract showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 mg/ml against all the organisms except S. pyogene whose MIC was 25mg/ml. The minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract was 6.25 mg/ml for E. coli and S. pyogenes. The result of biochemical analysis showed that no significant difference existed between the treated group A (200 mg/kg) B (400 mg/kg) C (800 mg/kg) and the control group D (0.9% NaCl) for the liver enzymes; Alanine transaminase (ALT) Aspartate transaminase (AST) Alkaline phosphatase (ALK) Serum protein and albumin. Also, serum electrolyte (Na+, K+, HCO3¯, Cl¯) showed no significant difference (P> 0.05) compared with the control group. Similar results were obtained for serum, urea and creatinine levels. The result obtained indicates that the extract is neither hepatotoxic nor nephrotoxic. Key words: Antibacterial activity, Zizyphus spina-christi (aqueous) extract, phytochemical screening, Kidney function test, Liver function test, Rhamnaceae.
Comparison of the Medication History Process at Two EmergencyDepartments in a Multi-Campus Health Care System

Purpose: The results of a study comparing the accuracy of medication histories obtained by pharmacy technicians against those obtained by nurses in an emergency department setting are described. Methods: Patient census reports were reviewed to generate a list of patients who met the study criteria. A single pharmacist investigator interviewed a randomly selected subset of patients meeting the criteria. The pharmacist reviewed the medication history recorded in the electronic medical record and compared the record with information obtained from the patient or patient representative. Where discrepancies existed, the patient’s pharmacy and/or prescribing physician were queried for clarification. The discrepancies assessed include missing doses, missing frequencies, incorrect doses, incorrect frequencies, medications listed that the patient does not currently take, and medications the patient takes that were omitted from the record. The primary outcome is the number of discrepancies between nurse- and technician-obtained medication histories. Statistical significance was assessed via two-tailed t-tests. The secondary outcomes assessed include timeliness, cost of staff time involved, and physician satisfaction. Results: The total number of errors was greater among nurseobtained histories vs. technician-obtained (111 vs. 77, p=NS). Likewise the number of errors involving prescription medications was greater with nurse- vs. technician-obtained histories (83 vs. 39, p=NS). Conversely, errors involving over-the-counter products were fewer when nurses obtained the histories vs. technicians (28 vs. 38, p=NS). Conclusion: While statistical superiority was not achieved, the present study determined that technician-obtained medication histories are at least as accurate as those obtained by nurses, and take less time to complete. There is also a higher level of perceived satisfaction among providers with the technician model, particularly with regard to timeliness.
To Compare the Performance of Quanti-FERON with the Tuberculin Skin Test for Identifying Latent Tuberculosis Infection

س ي مشاه دمحم د ي رهش ي 1 ، راجاق حلاف لداع ي 2 ، لع ي راصنا اضر ي مدقم 3 ، نماث مداخ هنازرف ي 4 ، شرف ي ف د ي ناهج ضا ي 5 ، داژندمحا ماهلا 6 1 داتسا ي ب صصختم ،را ي رام ي اه ي نوفع ي و سمرگ ي ر ي ، قحت زكرم ي ب تاق ي رام ي اه ي نوفع ي و سمرگ ي ر ي ، كشزپ مولع هاگشناد ي نادهاز ناريا ، 2 تسد ي صصخت را ي ب ي رام ي اه ي نوفع ي و سمرگ ي ر ي ، قحت زكرم ي ب تاق ي رام ي اه ي نوفع ي و سمرگ ي ر ي ، كشزپ مولع هاگشناد ي نادهاز ناريا ، 3 داتسا ي ،را پا ي مد ي ژولو ي تس ، قحت زكرم ي تشادهب مولع تاق ، كشزپ مولع هاگشناد ي نادهاز ناريا ، 4 داتسا ي ژولوتاپ ،را ي تس ، دازآ هاگشناد نادهاز ناريا ، 5 ب صصختم ي رام ي اه ي نوفع ي و سمرگ ي ر ي ، هيمورا يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ناريا ، 6 يژولويمديپا يصصخت رايتسد ، يتسيز رامآ و يژولويمديپا نامتراپد ، نارهت يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد تشادهب هدكشناد ناريا ،
Evaluation of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Genotypes for Yield and Yield Stability in South Omo and West Hararghe

Sixteen pearl millet genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications during 2011 at four locations to study the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction for yield and yield related traits and identify the most stable high yielding genotypes. ANOVA of data at individual location revealed significant differences among genotypes at Jinka ,Konso,Meiso and Weioto for days to flowering, at Jinka, Konso and Meiso for days to maturity, productive tillers per plant, grain weight per head and biomass, and for panicle length at Konso, Weioto and Meiso where as harvest index and stalk weight showed significance at two Weioto and Konso, for plant height at Jinka and Konso and number of tillers per plant and thousand seed weight showed significant only at Jinka. Combined analysis of variance showed that the Genotype and location main effects and the genotype by environment interaction interaction were highly significant (P? 0.01) for grain yield and other traits, indicating differential response of genotypes across testing locations and the need for stability analysis. Weioto was the most suitable environment and gave highest mean grain yield of 3307.5231 kg/ha. The lowest yield 1491.23 Kg/ha was observed at Jinka. Genotypes SOSATC88 (8), ICMP97774 (6), MCSRC (5) and ICMV95490 (13) produced high mean yield of 2844.10, 2840.17, 2835.42 and 2725.00 kg/ha respectively. The lowest grain 2056.60kg/ha was obtained from genotype ICMV91450 (1). Five stability parameters were used to identify stable pearl millet genotypes for wide growing conditions. Based on the parameters of stability, three stable (widely adapted) and high yielding genotypes (ICMP97774 ( 6 ) MCSRC (5) , and ICMV92901 (12) were identified. They also out yield the standard check and have the mean yield above grand mean . These stable high yielding genotypes can be used for yield and verification trial with standard check to be released as widely adapted varieties. GGE biplot techniques was used identify specifically adapted genotypes. ICMV155white (4) was specifically adapted to Jinka, ICMV221 (Br) (11) to Konsso, SRCLLC4 (7) to Meisso and ICMV95490 (13) to Weioto. Keywords : Genotype by environment interaction, Stability, Pearl millet, Yield
Monetary Policy Implementation Without Averaging or Rate Corridors

Most central banks now implement monetary policy by trying to hit a target overnight interest rate using one of two types of frameworks. The first involves arrangements for depository institutions to hold a minimum account balance over a multi-day averaging period. The second uses the central bank's lending rate as a ceiling and its deposit rate as a floor for overnight interest rates. Either averaging or a rate corridor can help a central bank hit a target interest rate, but each framework can also have weaknesses in achieving that goal and, in some cases, other associated drawbacks. This paper discusses an alternative possible policy implementation regime, involving a specially designed facility for the payment of interest on a daily basis on balances held at the central bank. This new type of regime could potentially allow smooth monetary policy implementation without the problems associated with averaging or a rate corridor.
Relative role of disease and predators as drivers of decline in coral cover on the Great Barrier Reef

The Australian Institute of Marine Science monitored causes of coral mortality annually on 46 reefs throughout the GBR from 1999 to 2005 and a further 46 reefs biannually from 2006. Sampling consisted of categorising corals lesions according to signs associated with coral disease, crown-of-thorns starfish and Drupella spp. feeding activity and lesions that could not be categorized. Of those categories recorded only increases in crown-of-thorns starfish lesions were associated with subsequent declines in coral cover. Between 1999 and 2005 there was no clear evidence to suggest that disease outbreaks had a significant impact on live coral cover on survey reefs. This result is in contrast to those recorded from the Caribbean where coral disease has lead to wholesale declines in coral cover on affected reefs. The relative proportions of diseases recorded show that lesions due to white syndrome and unknown causes make up the majority of those observed. The direct causes of a majority of coral lesions remain unexplained highlighting the difficulty of classifying coral lesions based on visual signs.
Collapsed, uncollapsed, and hidden magnetic flux on the quiet Sun

Since the first applications of the Stokes V line ratio in the early 1970s and the Hanle depolarization effect in the early 1980s we have had a dualistic view of quiet-Sun magnetism: intermittent kG flux tubes surrounded by an ocean of turbulent fields with strengths of order 10-100 G. There has been the concern that this dualism could be an artefact of using two mutually almost exclusive diagnostic tools, the Zeeman and Hanle effect. We find however that the Hinode line-ratio data alone, without any reference to the Hanle effect, reveal the existence of two distinct flux populations, representing strong (collapsed) and weak (uncollapsed) flux. The collapsed population is preferentially located in the intergranular lanes, while the uncollapsed population is most visible in the bright cell interiors. From a comparison between the intrinsic field strengths, as derived from the line ratio for the collapsed population, and the corresponding flux densities, we can deduce the size distribution of the flux tubes. The majority of them are found to have sizes in the range 10-70 km. The intrinsic flux tube field strength decreases with diminishing size to become substantially smaller than kG for sizes below about 60 km. Comparison between the average of the unsigned flux density in the Hinode quiet-Sun data set and earlier constraints from the Hanle depolarization effect shows that most of the flux remains invisible at the Hinode resolution scale due to cancellation of the opposite magnetic polarities within the spatial resolution element. We have derived the cancellation function that describes how the visibility of the hidden flux improves with increased spatial resolution. It needs to be extrapolated to extremely small scales before the constraints imposed by the Hanle effect get satified, which suggests that the bulk of the hidden flux resides at scales near the end of the magnetic scale spectrum (of order 10 m).
Contamination of Cryptosporidium spp. Oocysts in Raw Vegetables Produced in Koya City, Iraq

Background: Cryptosporidium spp. is one of the most important parasitic pathogen which causes acute gastroenteritis in human. This study aimed to determine and compare the contamination rates of Cryptosporidium oocysts in some common vegetables that are cultured and consumed in Koya City, Iraq. Methods: Totally, 400 vegetable samples were collected randomly from vegetable farms in Koya city during spring and summer, 2016. The vegetables, including celery, parsley, leek, radish, and green onion were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. by Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining method. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 21). Results: The prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in parsley, celery, leek, radish, and green onion were 6.25, 7.50, 6.25, 6.25, and 6.25%, respectively, showing no significant differences (p>0.05). Also, Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in 12 out of 200 (6%) samples from spring and 14 out of 200 (7%) samples from summer, without any significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our findings highlighted that if the proper washing as well as disinfecting actions are neglected before consumption of the vegetables, consumption of raw vegetables could be potentially hazardous, inducing Cryptosporidium infection in Iraqi people. © 2018, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Time to Build and Aggregate Fluctuations

This is a student version of the program used for Finn Kydland and Edward Prescott, "Time to Build and Aggregate Fluctuations", Econometrica, vol. 50, pp. 1345-1370, Nov. 1982 Some parameter values can be entered interactively. They should be quite obvious. Note that the parameter regarding the intertemporal substitution of leisure corresponds to alpha0 in the paper. The program can also generate impulse responses. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)