Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cancer mortality following radium treatment for uterine bleeding.

Cancer mortality in relation to radiation dose was evaluated among 4153 women treated with intrauterine radium (226Ra) capsules for benign gynecologic bleeding disorders between 1925 and 1965. Average follow up was 26.5 years (maximum = 59.9 years). Overall, 2763 deaths were observed versus 2687 expected based on U.S. mortality rates [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 1.03]. Deaths due to cancer, however, were increased (SMR = 1.30), especially cancers of organs close to the radiation source. For organs receiving greater than 5 Gy, excess mortality of 100 to 110% was noted for cancers of the uterus and bladder 10 or more years following irradiation, while a deficit was seen for cancer of the cervix, one of the few malignancies not previously shown to be caused by ionizing radiation. Part of the excess of uterine cancer, however, may have been due to the underlying gynecologic disorders being treated. Among cancers of organs receiving average or local doses of 1 to 4 Gy, excesses of 30 to 100% were found for leukemia and cancers of the colon and genital organs other than uterus; no excess was seen for rectal or bone cancer. Among organs typically receiving 0.1 to 0.3 Gy, a deficit was recorded for cancers of the liver, gall bladder, and bile ducts combined, death due to stomach cancer occurred at close to the expected rate, a 30% excess was noted for kidney cancer (based on eight deaths), and there was a 60% excess of pancreatic cancer among 10-year survivors, but little evidence of dose-response. Estimates of the excess relative risk per Gray were 0.006 for uterus, 0.4 for other genital organs, 0.5 for colon, 0.2 for bladder, and 1.9 for leukemia. Contrary to findings for other populations treated by pelvic irradiation, a deficit of breast cancer was not observed (SMR = 1.0). Dose to the ovaries (median, 2.3 Gy) may have been insufficient to protect against breast cancer. For organs receiving greater than 1 Gy, cancer mortality remained elevated for more than 30 years, supporting the notion that radiation damage persists for many years after exposure.
Speech-in-noise perception is linked to rhythm production skills in adult percussionists and non-musicians

ABSTRACT Speech rhythms guide perception, especially in noise. We recently revealed that percussionists outperform non-musicians in speech-in-noise perception, with better speech-in-noise perception associated with better rhythm discrimination across a range of rhythmic expertise. Here, we consider rhythm production skills, specifically drumming to a beat (metronome or music) and to sequences (metrical or jittered patterns), as well as speech-in-noise perception in adult percussionists and non-musicians. Given the absence of a regular beat in speech, we hypothesise that processing of sequences is more important for speech-in-noise perception than the ability to entrain to a regular beat. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that the sequence-based drumming measures predict speech-in-noise perception, above and beyond hearing thresholds and IQ, whereas the beat-based measures do not. Outcomes suggest temporal patterns may help disambiguate speech under degraded listening conditions, extending theoretical considerations about speech rhythm to the everyday challenge of listening in noise.
Evaluation of healing with use of an internal matrix to repair furcation perforations.

AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate healing responses following repair of furcation perforations, with and without an internal matrix. Two matrix materials, HAPSET (65% non-resorbable hydroxyapatite and 35% plaster of paris) and hydroxyapatite were compared. METHODOLOGY Four adult female baboons (Papio anubis) served as experimental models. Furcation perforations were made in the molar and premolar teeth, which were then randomly assigned to one of the five groups, according to the method of perforation repair: 1 Experimental group 1 (16 teeth): The matrix material was HAPSET and the sealing material, amalgam. 2 Experimental group 2 (16 teeth): The matrix material was hydroxyapatite and the sealing material, amalgam. 3 Experimental group 3 (16 teeth): No matrix was placed. The sealing material was amalgam. 4 Positive control group (16 teeth): The perforation was not sealed. 5 Negative control group (16 teeth): No perforation was made. The animals were sacrificed at 1 week and 1, 3 and 7 months. Specimens were prepared for examination with light microscopy. RESULTS The data revealed that when amalgam was used alone without a matrix, there was marked extrusion of the material into the underlying bone with an associated severe inflammatory response, which continued throughout the observational period. When an internal matrix was used, there was an initial acute inflammatory response that diminished with time such that at 7 months, 75% of these specimens were free of inflammation. There was no difference in the tissue response to the different matrix materials. HAPSET and hydroxyapatite underwent connective tissue encapsulation in the early stages followed by new bone deposition in direct contact with the materials. CONCLUSIONS Within this animal model healing responses are better when an internal matrix, whether HAPSET or hydroxyapatite, is used in the repair of furcation perforations.
Visual Discrimination of Number without Counting

Observers in this study judged which of two fields contained the greater number of spots. Spots had difference-of-Gaussian luminance profiles and could differ in contrast polarity or were of uniform luminance and could differ in size. Weber fractions for all observers except one varied little except when spots varied in size. It is suggested that the results of this and previous studies might be explained by the existence of neurons tuned for number.
Late relapse of adrenocortical carcinoma in Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome. Clinical, endocrinological and genetic aspects

We report on a girl with an unusual Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and hemihypertrophy, who developed an adrenocortical carcinoma with atypical clinical behaviour. At 4 y of age the girls was admitted to hospital with cushingoid features, virilization, increased excretion of steroids and low serum ACTH. A right‐sided adrenocortical carcinoma was removed. At age 12.5 y the cushingoid features reappeared together with a tumour in the left thigh. A CT scan of the thorax and abdomen revealed pulmonary metastasis only. Corticosteroid excretion was increased and serum ACTH level suppressed. The femoral and the pulmonary metastases were removed and histology showed adrenocortical carcinoma. Excretion of corticosteroids subsequently normalized. Meningeal and pulmonary metastases with similar histologies appeared one year later with normal hormone values. Twenty‐two months after the recurrence the girl died of an intracranial metastasis. Southern blot analysis of the LIT1 transcript in the KvLQT1 gene in the BWS region on chromosome 11p15 revealed hypomethylation of the maternal allele.
Improvements of the transformer insulation XY model including effect of contamination

Dielectric Frequency Response, DFR (also known as Frequency Domain Spectroscopy, FDS), was introduced more than 20 years ago and has been thoroughly evaluated and proven in a number of research projects and field tests with good results. DFR data in combination with mathematical modeling of the oil-paper insulation is proven as an excellent tool for understanding insulation properties e.g. moisture content in cellulose insulation and temperature dependence of the insulation system. The model used to describe the insulation system inside transformers and bushings is called an XY-model. The model works well for most transformers but there are sometimes measurements showing an irregular response and not the expected shape for oil-paper insulation. In those cases, the moisture analysis becomes more difficult and sometimes almost impossible. One example is “frequency hump” phenomena sometimes observed in DFR measurements. A model of the internal creep currents from e.g. contamination has been developed and by applying it in moisture assessment software, better interpretation is obtained. Simulations are complemented with measurements on an actual XY-cell with a conductive layer on the surface of the insulation. Results support the simulation model.
Body-image dissatisfaction in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Background: The difference in the perception between the perceived silhouette and the desired silhouette has been defined as body image dissatisfaction (BID). Objective: To review the type of methods for measuring BID, the frequency of BID among children and adolescents. Method: We searched studies through electronic databases (PubMed, Scielo and EBSCOhost), from cross-sectional studies published in English or Spanish. Eligible studies assessing BID in children and adolescents published in Spanish and English, from April 2010 to April 2015. Age, sex, weight and method or scale used to evaluate the BID and the self- perception of body weight were assessed. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, and included children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years. Nine types of measurement methods of BID were found. In most of the studies, temporal stability and validity test were performed. In BID studies where frequency was reported, ranged from 44% to 83% for overweight or obese and 1.7% a 37% for underweight. In some studies, BID was associated with age and was more frequent among girls. BID was also present in thin boys. Conclusion: BID was more frequent among girls and was positively associated with BMI. Despite the variety of methods used, the results are consistent.
Membranes of mammary gland. 8. Isolation and composition of nuclei and nuclear membrane from bovine mammary gland.

Abstract Nuclei were isolated from lactating bovine mammary tissue homogenates by sedimentation through dense sucrose solutions. Marker enzyme and morphological analyses revealed a high degree of purity and morphological integrity. Nuclear membranes were released from nuclei by deoxyribonuclease digestion and extraction with buffered salt solution and were recovered by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Total lipids, phospholipids, sterols, ribonucleic acid, and sialic acid were concentrated in nuclear membrane on a protein basis. Deoxyribonucleic acid was low in the final nuclear membrane fraction. Approximately 51 to 58% of the total phospholipid and 7 to 8% of the total protein in nuclei were recovered in the nuclear membrane fraction. In terms of lipid composition and phospholipid distribution, nuclear membranes closely resembled rough endoplasmic reticulum.
A combinatorial approach to identify calpain cleavage sites in the Machado-Joseph disease protein ataxin-3

Ataxin-3, the disease protein in Machado-Joseph disease, is known to be proteolytically modified by various enzymes including two major families of proteases, caspases and calpains. This processing results in the generation of toxic fragments of the polyglutamine-expanded protein. Although various approaches were undertaken to identify cleavage sites within ataxin-3 and to evaluate the impact of fragments on the molecular pathogenesis of Machado-Joseph disease, calpain-mediated cleavage of the disease protein and the localization of cleavage sites remained unclear. Here, we report on the first precise localization of calpain cleavage sites in ataxin-3 and on the characterization of the resulting breakdown products. After confirming the occurrence of calpain-derived fragmentation of ataxin-3 in patient-derived cell lines and post-mortem brain tissue, we combined in silico prediction tools, western blot analysis, mass spectrometry, and peptide overlay assays to identify calpain cleavage sites. We found that ataxin-3 is primarily cleaved at two sites, namely at amino acid positions D208 and S256 and mutating amino acids at both cleavage sites to tryptophan nearly abolished ataxin-3 fragmentation. Furthermore, analysis of calpain cleavage-derived fragments showed distinct aggregation propensities and toxicities of C-terminal polyglutamine-containing breakdown products. Our data elucidate the important role of ataxin-3 proteolysis in the pathogenesis of Machado-Joseph disease and further emphasize the relevance of targeting this disease pathway as a treatment strategy in neurodegenerative disorders.
Strategies for complete plastid genome sequencing

Plastid sequencing is an essential tool in the study of plant evolution. This high‐copy organelle is one of the most technically accessible regions of the genome, and its sequence conservation makes it a valuable region for comparative genome evolution, phylogenetic analysis and population studies. Here, we discuss recent innovations and approaches for de novo plastid assembly that harness genomic tools. We focus on technical developments including low‐cost sequence library preparation approaches for genome skimming, enrichment via hybrid baits and methylation‐sensitive capture, sequence platforms with higher read outputs and longer read lengths, and automated tools for assembly. These developments allow for a much more streamlined assembly than via conventional short‐range PCR. Although newer methods make complete plastid sequencing possible for any land plant or green alga, there are still challenges for producing finished plastomes particularly from herbarium material or from structurally divergent plastids such as those of parasitic plants.
8 Diversity and Decoding in Non-Ideal Conditions

Nowadays, there are many products that provide personal wireless services to users who are on the move. Multiple antenna diversity is usually required to make a wireless link more reliable. User terminals have to be small enough to consume and emit low power. As a result, antennas cannot be spaced far apart enough to have independent and diverse branches for the received signals. Another issue affecting diversity gain is the unbalanced branches due to different locations or different polarizations of the antennas. The average signal power received from those unbalanced branches is different. Both the branch correlation and power imbalance degrade the benefits of diversity reception. Therefore, it is very important to investigate such effects before applying diversity reception to practical mobile or wireless radio systems. There have been a significant numbers of theoretical researches reported in the area of diversity systems and combining techniques. Some papers considered diversity systems with the correlated branches as in the references. The problems of correlated and unbalanced branches are addressed in (Dietze et al., 2002) and (Mallik et al., 2002) for the two-branch diversity system and for the Rayleigh fading channel. This chapter will address both the effects of branch correlation and power imbalance for generic L branches diversity system. The diagonalization transformation is used in the performance analysis for diversity reception with the correlated Rayleigh-fading signals in (Fang et al., 2000)-(Chang & McLane, 1997). Here, the diagonalization transformer is introduced as a linear transformer implemented before the diversity branches are being combined, which can transform the correlated and balanced branches to the uncorrelated and unbalanced ones, and vice versa. A real world simulation system is included in the chapter, which has the extended result of the paper (Vasana & McLane, 2004). Most analyses assume that the fading signal components are correlated in diversity branches but the noise components are independent in the branches. However, the external noise and interference that come with the fading signals are correlated. Plus, the coupling of diversity branches has the same effect on both signal and noise components. Some paper assumes that the dominant noise and interference have the same correlation distribution as the fading signals (Chang & McLane, 1997). This chapter assumes a generic case, in which the noise components are correlated with a correlation equal or smaller than the correlation between signal components. If the transmitted signal is u(t), the received signal from the kth branch can be expressed as:
Collapsing and non-collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in kidney transplants.

BACKGROUND The aetiological and clinical associations of collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (cFSGS) following kidney transplantation (KTx) are poorly described. In this study, post-transplant cFSGS and non-collapsing FSGS (ncFSGS) were compared in recent KTx recipients. Evidence for intragraft viral infection was sought. METHODS Twenty-nine cases of post-KTx FSGS were identified and classified as cFSGS (n = 10) or ncFSGS (n = 19). Biopsies were scored using Banff '97 criteria and subjected to in situ hybridization (ISH) for parvovirus B19 (pvB19), simian virus 40 (SV40) and BK virus (BKV). RESULTS cFSGS and ncFSGS patients were comparable for age, gender, weight, delayed function, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matching, acute rejection and median time to diagnosis. Deceased donor source was more common among cFSGS cases (70 vs 32%, P = 0.05). FSGS was recurrent in 2/10 cFSGS cases compared with 8/19 ncFSGS (P = NS). cFSGS was associated with more proteinuria (11.9 vs 7.2 g/day, P = 0.05) and higher serum creatinine (4.2 vs 1.9 mg/dl, P = 0.0001) at diagnosis. Plasmapheresis was used in two out of 10 cFSGS and seven out of 19 ncFSGS cases with treatment response in 0 of two and three of seven, respectively. Graft loss was more rapid with cFSGS compared with ncFSGS (P = 0.02). Histologically, cFSGS was associated with more severe chronic vascular abnormalities. All biopsies were negative for pvB19, SV40 and BKV by ISH. CONCLUSIONS cFSGS following KTx presents with higher proteinuria, diminished renal function, more severe vascular disease and higher rate of graft loss compared with the non-collapsing form. There was no evidence for infection by pvB19 or polyomaviruses.
Air quality trends in Europe over the past decade: a first multi-model assessment

We discuss the capability of current state-of-the-art chemistry and transport models to reproduce air quality trends and inter annual variability. Documenting these strengths and weaknesses on the basis of historical simulations is essential before the models are used to investigate future air quality projections. To achieve this, a coordinated modelling exercise was performed in the framework of the CityZEN European Project. It involved six regional and global chemistry-transport models (Bolchem, Chimere, Emep, Eurad, OsloCTM2 and Mozart) simulating air quality over the past decade in the Western European anthropogenic emissions hotspots. Comparisons between models and observations allow assessing the skills of the models to capture the trends in basic atmospheric constituents (NO2, O3, and PM10). We find that the trends of primary constituents are well reproduced (except in some countries - owing to their sensitivity to the emission inventory) although capturing the more moderate trends of secondary species such as O3 is more challenging. Apart from the long term trend, the modelled monthly variability is consistent with the observations but the year-to-year variability is generally underestimated. A comparison of simulations where anthropogenic emissions are kept constant is also investigated. We find that the magnitude of the emission-driven trend exceeds the natural variability for primary compounds. We can thus conclude that emission management strategies have had a significant impact over the past 10 yr, hence supporting further emission reductions strategies.
Measuring quantity, frequency, and volume of drinking.

This paper is based on the first sessions of the same name that were held on May 12,1997 at the International Workshop on Consumption Measures and Models for Use in Policy Development, Bethesda, MD. The session chair was Jurgen Rehm; presenters were Susan Bondy, Deborah Dawson, Kaye Fillmore, Thomas Greenfield, Deborah Ha-sin, Jurgen Rehm, Anders Romelsjo, and John Searles; and discussants were Eckart Kuhlhorn and Linda Sobell.
Shared Decision Making in Antipsychotic Management

The similar efficacies of currently available antipsychotic medications (other than clozapine) make them appropriate for preference-sensitive care; therefore, prescribing these medications is amenable to shared decision-making. In this conceptual article, we describe the current state of antipsychotic prescribing based on a review of the literature from recent landmark studies and updated prescribing guidelines. Recent literature and guidelines on schizophrenia treatment in the United States do not reveal strong endorsement of the idea of shared decision-making. We suggest methods for incorporating shared decision-making into antipsychotic prescribing in the future, with an emphasis on the use of information technology.
IL-15 Expression at Human Endometrium and Decidua

Abstract A large number of natural killer (NK) cells appear in human uterine mucosa during the secretory phase and first trimester pregnancy. We investigated the expression of interleukin (IL)-15, a possible stimulator for these NK cells, in human endometrium and first trimester decidua. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed that IL-15 mRNA expression was stronger during the secretory phase and first trimester pregnancy than during the proliferative phase. Immunohistochemistry revealed that immunoreactivity for anti-IL-15 was higher during the secretory phase than it was during the proliferative phase. This was prominent in the perivascular stromal cells around invading spiral arteries during the mid- to late-secretory phase. In first trimester decidua, endothelial cells were also stained as strongly as stromal cells. A membrane-bound IL-15 molecule was detected on the surface of first trimester decidual cells by flow cytometry. Progesterone stimulated the release of soluble IL-15 in the supernatant of cultured decidual cells. These results suggest that IL-15 expression in human uterine mucosa corresponds to the fluctuation of uterine NK cells and that its production is hormonally controlled, especially by progesterone.
Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae: Analysis of Outcome in Relation to Pretreatment Indicators

OBJECTIVE:The outcome of treatment for a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula is unpredictable. In this study, we reviewed the outcome of patients treated for this condition, in relation to pretreatment indicators. METHODS:We reviewed the records of 37 consecutive patients treated either surgically or endovascularly in our department between 1989 and 2002. RESULTS:At follow-up, 78% of the patients reported improvement. Those with motor symptoms had the best outcome: improvement was achieved in more than 60% of the patients, amounting to 1 or 2 points on the Aminoff scale. Sensory disorders improved in 43% of cases, pain in 61%, and sphincter impairment in only 37%. Patients with a fistula in the lower thoracic region did better than those with fistulae in other locations. CONCLUSION:The clinical state before treatment is certainly relevant in predicting outcome. Age and duration of the symptoms before treatment have no direct relation to the chances of improvement with treatment, particularly when motor improvement is considered. The modality of onset of symptoms and location of the fistula play significant roles, also: a fistula in the lower thoracic segment was associated with more severe symptoms but tended to improve more (83%, P = 0.04) after treatment. Midthoracic and lumbar fistulae showed a lower incidence of improvement (<50%).