Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Reconciliation of Time Series. Movement Preservation vs. a Data Based Procedure.

Most of the data obtained by statistical agencies have to be adjusted, corrected or somehow processed by statisticians in order to arrive at useful, consistent and publishable values. When temporally and contemporaneously aggregated series are known, temporal (e.g., between quarterly and annual data) and contemporaneous (between the quarterly aggregate and the sum of its component series) discrepancies can be eliminated using various reconciliation procedures. In this paper we consider (i) an extension of the univariate benchmarking approach by Denton (1971), founded on a well known movement preservation principle, and (ii) a data-based benchmarking procedure (Guerrero and Nieto, 1999) which exploits the autoregressive features of the preliminary series to be adjusted. In order to evaluate their performance in practical situations, both procedures are applied to simulated and real world data.
Cassava starch content and its relationship with rainfall

According to the statistics in the AGRONET database (2013 ), more than 50% of the national area and production of cassava occurs in the departments in the North Coast of Colombia. The departments included in this study, Cordoba and Sucre (Figure 1), have the second and fourth highest sown area of this crop, respectively, at the national level. Figure 1 Location of the study region: Cordoba and Sucre departments.
Increases in aerosol concentrations over eastern China due to the decadal‐scale weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon

China has been experiencing increased concentrations of aerosols, commonly attributed to the large increases in emissions associated with the rapid economic development. We show by using a chemical transport model driven by the assimilated meteorological fields that the observed decadal‐scale weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon also contributed to the increases in aerosols in China. We find that the simulated aerosol concentrations have strong negative correlations with the strength of the East Asian Summer monsoon. Accounting for sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, and organic carbon aerosols, the summer surface‐layer PM2.5 concentration averaged over eastern China (110°–125°E, 20°–45°N) can be 17.7% higher in the weakest monsoon years than in the strongest monsoon years. The weakening of the East Asian Summer monsoon increases aerosol concentrations mainly by the changes in atmospheric circulation (the convergence of air pollutants) in eastern China.
Anti-Patterns for Automatic Program Repairs

Automated program repair has been a heated topic in software engineering. In recent years, we have witnessed many successful applications such as Genprog, SPR, RSRepair, etc. Given a bug and its test suite, which includes both passed test cases and failed test cases, these tools aim to automatically generate a patch that fixes the bug without developers’ efforts. All these tools adopt a “Generate-and-Validate” approach, which assumes a tool-generated patch to be correct as long as it passes all its test cases. However, if test suites are of poor quality that cannot cover all the situations, incorrect tool-generated patches might pass all their test cases and be regarded as correct patches. We call such patches that are incorrect but can pass whose test suites as overfitted patches. In order to investigate the reasons why overfitted patches are generated and to reduce overfitted patches, we perform a deep analysis on the patches composed by developers, and the patches (i.e., the correct and the overfitted patches) that are generated by Genprog and SPR. In this thesis, we propose two orthogonal approaches to filter out overfitted patches: 1) To preserve correct tool-generated patches and filter out only overfitted patches, we propose some patterns, named anti-patterns, that can efficiently distinguish correct patches against overfitted patches. We select nine bugs from the Genprog benchmark data set to evaluate the anti-patterns. By embedding the anti-patterns into SPR and filtering out overfitted patches, on average, developers can review 44.7% less tool-generated patches to reach correct patches. Meanwhile, by filtering out overfitted patches at runtime, the anti-patterns speed up SPR’s efficiency by 1.34 times on average. 2) We leverage machine learning techniques with meaningful features to predict the correctness of tool-generated patches. Our results show that the machine learning approach cannot preserve correct patches well. In other words, machine learning techniques would mis-classify correct patches as overfitted patches and filter them out. Thus, we believe the machine learning approach requires significant future work, e.g., more representative features and effective classification algorithms, to be useful in practice. These two orthogonal approaches provide automatic program repair tools with valuable guidance on how to avoid generating overfitted patches.
TESTING LASER-BASED SENSORS FOR CONTINUOUS, IN-SITU MONITORING OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN THE COLORADO RIVER, GRAND CANYON, ARIZONA

Overview: The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) was established in 1995, following completion of a major environmental impact statement on operations of Glen Canyon Dam (DOI, 1995). The GCMRC supports the Glen Canyon Dam adaptive management program (AMP) by providing research and monitoring information on a variety of resources associated with the Colorado River ecosystem within Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Grand Canyon National Park. Resources of special concern include native fishes, cultural and recreational resources, as well as fine-grained sediment deposits located along channel margins of the river. Owing to the ecosystem’s supply-limited sediment- transport behavior (Rubin et al., 1998; Topping et al., 2000a), intensive monitoring of fine sediment below Glen Canyon Dam is an AMP requirement for environmental management of the Colorado River ecosystem. One objective of the GCMRC’s monitoring program is measurement of the ecosystem’s monthly sand mass balance between influx from tributaries and efflux downstream in the main channel. Daily or near-daily measurement of suspended-sand concentration and grain-size using standard suspendedsediment sampling methods is currently required to estimate monthly sand flux between the dam and upper Lake Mead. The current program is logistically complicated, costly and provides limited spatial and temporal resolution. In-situ, laser-based sensors are being investigated as one alternative method for measuring sand export to Lake Mead.
FIELD EFFICACY OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM ISOLATES AND THEIR IMPACT ON CROP GROWTH, NUTRIENT CONTENT AND PRODUCTION OF SOYBEAN IN VERTISOL

A field experiment was conducted at research station, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during 2009-10 to test the efficacy of B. japonicum under field conditions and evaluates their impact on crop growth of soybean in vertisol. The said experiment was the field testing part of research which was conducted during 2002-2007. The efficacy of 36 isolates were tested and also compared with the USDA isolates, FUI (Fertilized uninoculated control) and UFUI (Unfertilized un inoculated control) in field condition. Results revealed that the maximum seed germination were observed with R11 isolate (48 and 65%) followed by R35 (46 and 63%) at 4 th and 5 th DAS. Similarly nodule number (66 plant-1), nodule ODW (0.36 g plant-1), nodule N (3.72%), grain yield (3350 kg ha-1) and total N uptake (429 kg ha -1 ) were recorded significantly superior over FUI. Only eight isolates could increase N content of plants at 45 days over FUI while phosphorus and potassium content were significantly higher only with R11 (3.78, 0.085, 0.59 % NPK respectively) fallowed by R 35 (3.70, 0.082, 0.58% NPK respectively) over FUI. Rest of the isolates except BR11, R12, R16, R17, R21 and R35 were statistically at par to FUI toward their promise for seed yield.
Structural Equation Model for Analyzing the Impact of Business Environment on Firm's Growth

The progress of any firm and the wealth it accumulates depends upon the business environment in which the firm functions. Firms of all kinds are strongly influenced by the business environment that they experience and a good business environment ensures their prosperity. In this paper, we have conducted a survey of the manufacturing firms in three different commercial strong Libyan cities to determine the influence of the business environment on the growth of the sales of the firms located in these three Libyan cities. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) method is used in this paper and the empirical variables are calculated for the purpose of the study. These results point to a strong correlation between the growth of the firm’s sales and the prevailing factors of corruption, crime, financing, infrastructure, business regulations and human capital. However, the research does not indicate any kind of relationship between the level of competition faced by the firm and its sales growth. To improve the Libyan business environment, it is necessary to frame effective policies and to enforce the Anti Corruption Law and also to finish the red-tape and bureaucratic hurdles. A legal system would have to be developed which provides sufficient finance for the businesses and a proper system of rules for the financial markets would also have to be developed.
Harmful effects of endosulfan treatment on cyanobacterial distribution and some macromolecules of soybean plant

In a trial to evaluate the impact of one of the commonly used insecticides in Egypt, a plot area cultivated with soybean was sprayed with endosulfan. Some of the biochemical criteria of the treated soybean and the biodiversity and biochemical activity of its companion cyanobacteria were compared with those of the untreated ones. The results revealed that endosulfan application caused inhibition in the attendance and biodiversity of the soil cyanobacteria found in the rhizosphere of the treated soybean, specially the filamentous species. The treated soil showed a highly significant inhibition in their ARA (acetylene-reducing activity) and exopolysaccharides. The biochemical analysis showed a high significant decrease in all the carbohydrate fractions as well as DNA and RNA contents of the treated soybean plants compared with the untreated ones. However, the total soluble proteins significantly Increased, indicating some defense pattern against the lethal effects of endosulfan. From the results, it could be concluded that application of endosulfan has a significant potential to change ecosystems and soil biological processes and could potentially reduce future farm productivity and cause harmful impact to agriculture.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SHORT DURATION HYPERSONIC TEST FACILITY AT UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL

[Abstract]: This paper describes the development of a short duration hypersonic test facility at the College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN). The facility is the first of its kind in Malaysia. The facility will allow various researches to be done in the field of high speed supersonic and hypersonic flows. It is designed so that it can be used as a free piston tunnel, shock tube and shock tunnel. The maximum mach number obtainable depends on the type of the driver and driven gases. It is shown that a mach number of 4 can be achieved if CO2 is used as the driven gas and Helium is used as the driver gas with diaphragm pressure ratio of 74.76. Experimental measurements were performed with the facility working as shock tube. The barrel temperature was measured using in-house developed fast response surface junction E-type thermocouple while the pressure was measured using fast response quartz pressure transducer. The pressure and temperature results clearly show the formation of shock wave and its reflection causing the pressure and temperature to increase rapidly.
Experimental Evidence on Tax Compliance and Voluntary Public Good Provision

Existing experimental literature on tax compliance and crowding-out examines either the incentive to evade tax or the incentive to give, but not both. This paper provides an experimental examination of the behavior of tax evasion and voluntary contributions when both publicly and privately provided public goods are present. The experimental evidence suggests that the privately provided public good is a substitute for the publicly provided public good, but the converse does not hold, and that the level of compliance may be underestimated, ceteris paribus, if private contributions are not taken into account.
Description of the Colonization of a Gnotobiotic Tomato Rhizosphere by Pseudomonas fluorescens Biocontrol Strain WCS365, Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

To study colonization of the tomato root system, we previously have described a gnotobiotic quartz sand system, in which seedlings inoculated with one or two bacterial strains were allowed to grow. Here we present a scanning electron microscope description of the colonization of the tomato root system by Pseudomonas fluorescens biocontrol strain WCS365, with emphasis on spatial-temporal colonization patterns, based on an improved scanning electron microscopy procedure. Upon inoculation of the germinated seed, proliferation on the seed coat was observed for 2 to 3 days. Within 1 to 3 days, micro-colonies developed, mainly at the root base. Most micro-colonies were localized in junctions between epidermal root cells, whereas others were found in indented parts of the epidermal surface. Downward to the root tip, only single bacterial cells were found. Colonization progressed down the root, initially as single cells. A semi-transparent film appeared to enclose the root surface and micro-colonies present on the root. After 7 days, micro-colonies had developed at positions where only single cells were observed previously and distribution of the bacteria along the root varied from ≈10 6 CFU per cm of root near the root base to ≈10 2 to 10 3 CFU per cm of root near the root tip. Similar colonization patterns were found for the P. fluorescens biocontrol strains CHA0 and F113, and P. putida strain WCS358, as well as for four species that have repeatedly been isolated from tomato roots from a commercial tomato field near Granada, Spain. In contrast, four Rhizobium strains and one Acinetobacter radioresistens strain showed poor colonization and micro-colonies were not observed. Based on the described data, we present a model for colonization of the deeper root parts after seed inoculation by P. fluorescens biocontrol strains, in which single cells occasionally establish on a deeper root section where they sometimes develop into micro-colonies. We hypothesize that microcolonies are the sites where the intracellular N-acyl-Lhomoserine lactone concentration is sufficiently high to cause maximal production of biocontrol factors such as antibiotics and exoenzymes and that micro-colonies explain the relatively high conjugation frequency observed between pseudomonads in the rhizosphere. Additional keywords: microbiological control, rhizosphere colonization.
Factors associated with accessing professional help for psychological distress in midlife Australian women

Background: Given the high prevalence of mental health problems in midlife women it is important to understand the factors that motivate and inhibit seeking professional help. Aim: To identify factors associated with and barriers to seeking professional help for psychological distress amongst midlife Australian women. Method: Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered using semi-structured telephone interviews in NSW Australia. Results: Seeking help from a GP was associated with poorer mental (p = 0.002) and physical health scores (p = 0.005). But in contrast seeking help from a mental health professional was associated with being out of paid employment (p = 0.035), being mostly able to talk about one's deepest problems (p = 0.015), being dissatisfied with family relationships (p = 0.008), and feeling understood by family/friends (p = 0.002). The barriers to seek help for these women were thinking they should cope alone (64%); thinking the problem would get better by itself (43%); embarrassment (35%); believing no help available (34%); not knowing where to go for help (30%); and fear of what others might think (28%). Qualitative data also highlighted attitudinal barriers to help-seeking. Conclusions: Although level of need predicted GP contacts, attitudinal factors were more important in contacts with mental health services. These attitudinal barriers need to be addressed to enable midlife women to more easily seek and access mental health care when needed. Declaration of interest: There are no known conflicts of interest.
Ethnicity and obesity: evidence of implicit work performance stereotypes in Sweden

Using the Implicit Association Test, we investigate whether employers and students possess implicit and explicit negative attitudes and implicit performance stereotypes toward Arab-Muslim men relative to native Swedish men. We also examine if employers and students have implicit and explicit performance stereotypes toward obese individuals relative to people of normal weight. The results demonstrate that employers and students both implicitly and explicitly associate Arab-Muslim men with less work performance. Also, they have more implicit negative attitudes toward this ethnic group. Obese individuals are both implicitly and explicitly associated with less work performance compared with normal-weight individuals.
Corrosion ofWC-VC-Co Hardmetal in Neutral Chloride ContainingMedia

1 Council for Scienti�c and Industrial Research �CSIR�,Materials Science andManufacturing, P�O� Box 3�5, Pretoria 0001, SouthAfrica DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, and School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Wits 2050, South Africa Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana 4 School of Research, Enterprise and Innovation, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, Manchester M1 5GD, UK 5 School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, Manchester M1 5GD, UK 6 School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag X3, Wits 2050, South Africa
Comparative preliminary phytochemical and biological investigations on Andrographis paniculata (Nees) and Aristolochia indica (Linn)

Foremost objective of the present research was Phytochemical and biological activity investigations of methanolic extract of Aristolochia indica (Linn.) (Aerial part) and leaves of Andrographis paniculata (Nees). The identifications of phytochemical carried out by following standard chemical procedure. Anti-oxidant activity screening was performed by free radical scavenging method, anti-bacterial activity by disc diffusion method and cytotoxic activity by brine shrimp lethal bioassay. The results showed the plant extract contains many phytochemical compounds. Methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) showed strong antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. On the other hand, Aristolochia indica Linn showed moderate cytotoxic activity and mild antioxidant. The present study Andrographis paniculata (Nees) showed strong anti oxidant and cytotoxic activity suggests future higher research study. The plant available in Bangladesh and could be prominent source of medically important natural compound.
Reproductive biology of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.): breeding system analysis

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) represents a non-native, invasive weed that dominates many regions across North America. While many research efforts are aimed at controlling the growth and spread of this plant, relatively little is known about its breeding system. This study provides evidence that leafy spurge is self-compatible, with selfed plants producing roughly half as many seeds as outcrossed plants. Unpollinated flowers failed to set seed and thus preliminary tests for apomixis were negative. However, microscopic examination of pollinated flowers revealed that pollen tubes did not appear to enter ovules in either selfed or outcrossed flowers. Therefore, leafy spurge exhibits structural evidence that suggests pseudogamy may play a role in the reproductive strategies of this invasive weed.
Antibacterial, antifungal and phytotoxic activities of Luffa cylindrica and Momordica charantia

Plants are important for their medicinal value because they contain numerous compounds with therapeutic value. Keeping in mind this aspect, traditionally important plants, Luffa cylindrica and Momordica charantia, were screened for antibacterial, antifungal and phytotoxic activities. The n-hexane fraction of L. cylindrical exhibited good (64%) and crude methanolic extract, moderate (58%) antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Butanol (BuOH) fraction presented moderate activity (58%) against S. flexenari. The crude methanolic extract and chloroform fraction (CHCl3) of M. charantia showed good (60 and 64%) antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, B. subtilis, respectively. The BuOH fraction of L. cylindrica showed significant antifungal activity against Fusarium solani(85%) and Trichophyton longifusus (80%). The crude methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) presented good linear growth inhibition against Microsporum canis (70%). The crude methanolic extract of M. charantia showed good antifungal activity againstAspergillus flavus (70%), T. longifusus (70%). The n-hexane fraction displayed excellent linear growth inhibition against T. longifusus (85%), EtOAc fraction against A. flavus (80%) and BuOH fraction against Candida glaberata (80%). The EtOAc fraction of L. cylindricadisplayed moderate growth regulation of 41.66% against Lemna minor L at 1000 µg/ml, whereas at 100 and 10 µg/ml the aqueous fraction displayed growth promoting activity of 5.55 and 16.66%, respectively. The crude methanolic extract and CHCl3 fraction of M. charantia displayed low growth regulation of 22.22% at 1000 µg/ml, whereas at 100 and 10 µg/ml the aqueous fraction displayed growth promoting activity of 11.11 and 27.77%, respectively. Key words: Luffa cylindrica and Momordica charantia, antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic.
The Model of Educational Reconstruction: Students’ Conceptual Knowledge on Solid State Chemistry Domain

Solid state chemistry (SSC) concept is abstract yet makes it difficult for students. Considering students’ and scientist conception in designing a learning sequence, it is important to make scientific knowledge to be comprehensible for students. Model of Educational Reconstruction (MER) was adopted to define learning in order to develop students’ Conceptual Knowledge (CK) of the SSC concept. A sequence of learning activities was designed based on the MER. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of MER in developing students’ CK. One group pre- and post-test experimental design employed in this study. CK on SSC structured essay test consisting of 26 items were developed to measure students’ CK before and after their involvement in learning. Paired sample t-tests were employed and the results showed significant differences in the overall domain-knowledge (p < .001). In detail, students’ CK categorized into complete (C), incomplete (IC), misconception (M), incorrect (I), and no answer (NA). After the intervention, the number of students that answered correctly increased (57,4% complete and 21% incomplete). This study showed that MER was an effective learning design to develop students’ conceptual knowledge of chemistry concepts.