Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Successful use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog for the treatment of tertiary hypogonadism (GnRH deficiency) in a 5-year-old Belgian Blue bull

A bull was referred for a progressive oligoasthenotheratozoospermia that resulted in a unsuitable seminal quality for the cryopreservation. Breeding soundness evaluation results suggested gonadal dysfunction. Because of the lack of normal ranges for these hormones in the bull, in this study, the hypogonadism and the site of the dysfunction (hypothalamus) were diagnosed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test. The evaluation of pituitary and testicular responsiveness by a GnRH stimulating test revealed a responsiveness of the pituitary and testis, thus a secondary hypogonadism (hypothalamic hypogonadism) was postulated and a therapeutic approach based on the subcutaneous administration of GnRH analog was attempted. An increase in semen volume, concentration and sperm characteristics were detected 9 weeks after the start of the treatment, corroborating the hypothalamic origin of the disease and the useful of the GnRH therapy.
Fractures of the Distal Humeral Metaphyseal-Diaphyseal Junction in Children

Background: To our knowledge, there is no report in the English-language literature of metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction fractures of the distal humerus in children. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with this uncommon fracture. Methods: Between 1998 and 2004, 422 displaced supracondylar humerus fractures underwent operative reduction and fixation at our institution. A retrospective review of medical records and radiographs revealed that 14 (3.3%) of these fractures occurred at the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction just proximal to the olecranon fossa. In 8 patients, the fracture line was oblique (group A), and in 6 patients, the fracture line was transverse (group B). Results: Average age at the time of fracture was 4.9 years (range, 1.5-10 years). All patients were treated by closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation and had at least 1-year follow-up. In group A, operative time for reduction and fixation was significantly increased in comparison to the 408 remaining supracondylar humerus fractures. However, the clinical course in group A was uncomplicated, and no loss of fixation at follow-up was noted. The operative time in group B was even longer. These fractures were more problematic as loss of fixation occurred in 5 of the 6 patients, 4 occurring in the sagittal plane. In addition, multiple complications arose in group B including reoperation, cubitus varus, pin migration, and prolonged loss of motion. Conclusion: Metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction fractures of the distal humerus in children are rare but can be problematic. The transverse fracture pattern requires additional attention in the operating room with optimal pin fixation. Close postoperative follow-up is necessary. The oblique fracture pattern, while requiring increased time in the operating room for reduction and fixation, is typically stable with the usual fixation used for supracondylar humerus fractures. In summary, metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction fractures of the distal humerus are uncommon elbow fractures in children that should be differentiated from the more common supracondylar humerus fracture for optimal outcomes. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic level 4 (case series).
Der Einfluß physikalischer und chemischer Faktoren auf den Haemolysegrad menschlichen Blutes bei Gasdispersion (Prinzip bubble oxygenator)*

In einer früheren Mitteilung wurde über Blutveränderungen, speziell Haemolyse berichtet, wie sie bei Dispersion von Sauerstoff durch Blut — ein Prinzip, welches beim sogenannten Dispersionsoxygenator im Rahmen eines künstlichen HerzLungensystems Anwendung findet — auftreten. Dabei war eine lineare Beziehung zwischen Dispersionszeit bzw. -volumen und freiem Plasmahaemoglobin festzustellen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit soll über weitere Untersuchungen mit Gasgemischen und chemischen Substanzen berichtet werden, die üblicherweise bei Operationen mit extracorporalem Kreislauf verwendet werden müssen.
Exogenous bacterial osteomyelitis in 52 dogs: a retrospective study of etiology and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile (2000–2013)

Background: Most clinical cases of osteomyelitis in dogs involve infectious agents, especially bacteria and fungi. The characterization of these microorganisms may aid in the prevention and treatment of disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively microbiological cultures and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile of isolates from 52 cases of bacterial osteomyelitis in long bones of dogs over 2000–2013. In 78% of the cases injuries were caused by a motor vehicle accident, but there were a few cases of dog bites (17%) and ascending infection due to pododermatitis (5%). Animals and methods: The isolated microorganisms were identified based on conventional phenotypic methods. In vitro disk diffusion test was performed using 30 different antimicrobials. Results: The isolates were obtained from femur (28%), humerus (16%), tibia (31%), and radius/ulna (25%). Among 52 cases, culture was positive in 88% of cases. Thirteen genus of different species of microorganisms were isolated. The most common microorganisms isolated were Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli followed by Streptococcus spp. , enteric bacteria, Corynebacterium sp. and anaerobic bacteria. In 42% of cases cultures were mixed. The most effective drugs against isolated bacteria were amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (79%) followed by ceftriaxone (69%). High-resistance rates were documented against azithromycin (80%), penicillin (59%), and clindamycin (59%). Conclusions: The present study highlights diverse etiologic agents in cases of infectious bacterial osteomyelitis, with predominance of Staphylococcus genus, and reinforces the importance of obtaining cultures and susceptibility profiles given the high rates of antimicrobial resistance.
Modeling the influence of cyclodextrins on oral absorption of low solubility drugs: II. Experimental validation

A model was developed for predicting the influence of cyclodextrins (CDs) delivered as a physical mixture with drug on oral absorption. CDs are cyclic oligosaccharides which form inclusion complexes with many drugs and are often used as solubilizing agents. The purpose of this work is to compare the simulation predictions with in vitro as well as in vivo experimental results to test the model's ability to capture the influence of CD on key processes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract environment. Dissolution and absorption kinetics of low solubility drugs (Naproxen and Nifedipine) were tested in the presence and absence of CD in a simulated gastrointestinal environment. Model predictions were also compared with in vivo experimental results (Glibenclamide and Carbamazepine) from the literature to demonstrate the model's ability to predict oral bioavailability. Comparisons of simulation and experimental results indicate that a model incorporating the influence of CD (delivered as a physical mixture) on dissolution kinetics and binding of neutral drug can predict trends in the influence of CD on bioavailability. Overall, a minimal effect of CD dosed as a physical mixture was observed and predicted. Modeling may aid in enabling rational design of CD containing formulations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 421–430. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact on health services utilization in a replication study of two self-management programmes for osteoarthritis of the knee and hip

Aim As part of a replication study after the randomized controlled trial (RCTs) in the Netherlands, the impact was assessed on health services utilization and expenditure of two self-management programmes for older adults with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and hip. Background Evidence-based patient education and exercise programmes, developed and tested in RCTs, are often insufficiently diffused among practitioners and primary healthcare providers and tend to have a modest reach in the population. Large-scale adoption in primary healthcare can be improved if programmes are feasible and effective in real life. Methods The programmes were conducted in real-life conditions by primary healthcare providers (local health centres, home-care providers, physical therapy centres). Pre-test/post-test data were collected for consultation of the general practitioner (GP), medical specialist, physical therapist, and for the use of OA medication, as well as for the expenditure for physical therapy and OA medication. Findings In total, 20 Knee and 20 Hip programmes were carried out by 18 providers. The Knee programmes were attended by 204 participants and the Hip programmes by 169 participants. Physical therapy and use of OA medication for both programmes and consultation of the medical specialist for the Hip programme decreased. No effect was observed for consultations of the GP. Expenditure for physical therapy and use of OA medication could not be assessed, due to difficulties to obtain sufficient reliable data from participating health insurers. Both programmes produced similar outcomes in real-life conditions compared to their RCTs. The implications are discussed as to accurate data collection on OA expenditure, future cost-utility and cost-effectiveness studies, and the large-scale implementation of the programmes in the Dutch primary healthcare system.
Triple light chain antibodies: Factors that influence its formation in cell culture

THIOMABs are recombinant antibodies engineered with reactive cysteines, which can be covalently conjugated to drugs of interest to generate targeted therapeutics. During the analysis of THIOMABs secreted by stably transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, we discovered the existence of a new species—Triple Light Chain Antibody (3LC). This 3LC species is the product of a disulfide bond formed between an extra light chain and one of the engineered cysteines on the THIOMAB. We characterized the 3LC by size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry, and microchip electrophoresis. We also investigated the potential causes of 3LC formation during cell culture, focusing on the effects of free light chain (LC) polypeptide concentration, THIOMAB amino acid sequence, and glutathione (GSH) production. In studies covering 12 THIOMABs produced by 66 stable cell lines, increased free LC polypeptide expression—evaluated as the ratio of mRNA encoding for LC to the mRNA encoding for heavy chain (HC)—correlated with increased 3LC levels. The amino acid sequence of the THIOMAB molecule also impacted its susceptibility to 3LC formation: hydrophilic LC polypeptides showed elevated 3LC levels. Finally, increased GSH production—evaluated as the ratio of the cell‐specific production rate of GSH (qGSH) to the cell‐specific production rate of THIOMAB (qp)—corresponded to decreased 3LC levels. In time‐lapse studies, changes in extracellular 3LC levels during cell culture corresponded to changes in mRNA LC/HC ratio and qGSH/qp ratio. In summary, we found that cell lines with low mRNA LC/HC ratio and high qGSH/qp ratio yielded the lowest levels of 3LC. These findings provide us with factors to consider in selecting a cell line to produce THIOMABs with minimal levels of the 3LC impurity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010. 105: 748–760. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sharing Clinical Trial Results With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients

Background Results from clinical trials are generally not shared with participants unless they are thought to affect their future medical care. Few institutional review boards require that participants receive results of the research. Research in this area has largely focused on life-threatening medical conditions, and little is known about sharing clinical trial results in other populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the experience of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who had participated in a clinical trial and the best method for sharing clinical trial results. Methods The participants were adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis from a randomized clinical trial comparing 2 spinal implants. Patients, and their parents, were surveyed by mail before (May 2005) and after (January 2008) receiving the results of the study. The first survey focused on clinical trial experience, satisfaction with surgery, and eliciting the preferred method for receiving clinical trial results. The second survey examined patient and parent reactions to the trial results letter. Results Of 126 families who were mailed the pretrial results survey, 68% (86/126) of patients and 59% (74/126) of parents responded. Ninety-eight percent (84/86) of respondent patients and 96% (71/74) of respondent parents wanted to receive the results of the trial. Eighty-seven percent (75/86) of respondent patients and 86% (63/74) of respondent parents said the trial was a positive experience. Thirty-seven percent (32/86) of patients and 31% (23/74) of parents responded to the posttrial results survey, 25% (32/126) and 18% (23/126) of total trial participants, respectively. Sixty-three percent (20/32) of respondent patients and 70% (16/23) of respondent parents also felt that receiving the trial results by letter, with a telephone number for any questions, was the best way to receive the information. Seventy-two percent (23/32) of respondent patients and 70% (16/23) of respondent parents said they would participate in a future clinical trial. Conclusions Participating patients and parents want to know the results of research studies. Researchers should plan to inform patients by informing them of this option during the informed consent process. Levels of Evidence Cross-sectional survey.
Health Inequalities Associated with Post-Stroke Visual Impairment in the United Kingdom and Ireland: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to report on the health inequalities facing stroke survivors with visual impairments as described in the current literature. A systemic review of the literature was conducted to investigate the potential health inequalities facing stroke survivors with subsequent visual impairments. A quality-of-evidence and risk-of-bias assessment was conducted for each of the included articles using the appropriate tool dependent on the type of article. Only four articles discussed health inequalities affecting stroke survivors with visual impairment specifically. A further 23 articles identified health inequalities after stroke, and 38 reported on health inequalities within the visually impaired UK or Irish population. Stroke survivors with visual impairment face inconsistency in eye care provision nationally, along with variability in the assessment and management of visual disorders. The subgroups identified as most at risk were females; black ethnicity; lower socioeconomic status; older age; and those with lower education attainment. The issue of inconsistent service provision for this population must be addressed in future research. Further research must be conducted in order to firmly establish whether or not stroke survivors are at risk of the aforementioned sociodemographic and economic inequalities.
Mothers' Beliefs About Causes of Kwashiorkor and the Nutritional Status of their Children in the Volta Region of Ghana

The relationship between mothers' belieft about causes of kwashiorkor and their children's nutritional status were examined among mothers of children aged 13 - 45 months and categorised as well nourished (n-49) and those suffering from kwashiorkor (n-46) in the Volta Region of Ghana. Using a semi-structured questionnaire the women were interviewed on their knowledge of the symptoms of kwashiorkor and what they believed causes kwashiorkor. The results strongly suggest that there is a relationship between mothers' beliefs about causes of kwashiorkor and the nutritional status of their children.
Cell damage evaluation of thermal inkjet printed Chinese hamster ovary cells

Thermal inkjet printing technology has been applied successfully to cell printing. However, there are concerns that printing process may cause cell damages or death. We conducted a comprehensive study of thermal inkjet printed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by evaluating cell viability and apoptosis, and possible cell membrane damages. Additionally, we studied the cell concentration of bio‐ink and found optimum printing of concentrations around 8 million cells per mL. Printed cell viability was 89% and only 3.5% apoptotic cells were observed after printing. Transient pores were developed in the cell membrane of printed cells. Cells were able to repair these pores within 2 h after printing. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) DNA plasmids were delivered to CHO‐S cells by co‐printing. The transfection efficiency is above 30%. We conclude that thermal inkjet printing technology can be used for precise cell seeding with minor effects and damages to the printed mammalian cells. The printing process causes transient pores in cell membranes, a process which has promising applications for gene and macroparticles delivery to induce the biocompatibility or growth of engineered tissues. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 963–969. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive function after pre-eclampsia: an explorative study

Background. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia relate to cerebral damage. Memory and concentration problems are frequently reported after these pregnancy-related vascular complications. We tested the hypothesis that in formerly pre-eclamptic women cognitive functioning is impaired as compared with healthy parous controls. Methods. Women with a recent history of pre-term pre-eclampsia (PPE; n = 47), term pre-eclampsia (TPE; N = 18), pre-term birth (PBI; n = 32) or an uneventful pregnancy (UPR; n = 72) completed a set of questionnaires, measuring cognitive problems, PTSD, depression, anxiety and fatigue. In addition, in PPE and UPR participants we tested neuropsychological performance. Results. PBI is related to higher levels of post-traumatic distress symptoms, which in turn diminished the neuropsychological test performance of PPE women. Nonetheless, women in the PPE and TPE groups did not report more cognitive problems than women in the PBI and UPR groups, but PPE raised the need for psychosocial cared. Conclusions. Cognitive complaints are common amongst young mothers. When tested, only those with psychological co-morbidity have neuropsychological impairment.
A culturally sensitive study of premenstrual and menstrual symptoms among Chinese women

This is a two-part study of perimenstrual symptomatology in Chinese women. We developed and validated the Chinese Questionnaire of Perimenstrual Symptoms (CQ-PERI-MS), which was adapted from the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, and used this instrument to assess the prevalence and nature of perimenstrual symptoms among Chinese women in Hong Kong. The initial CQ-PERI-MS was first administered to a sample of 538 menstruating Chinese women in Hong Kong together with measures of anxiety, depression and neuroticism. Psychometric analyses rendered a 32-item CQ-PERI-MS which demonstrated good reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and factorial validity. Four factors were yielded, namely, Dysphoria, Somatic distress, Cognitive problems and Arousal. The CQ-PERI-MS was then administered to a separate sample of 339 menstruating Chinese women in Hong Kong for further examination of validity as well as pattern of perimenstrual symptoms. It was found that perimenstrual symptoms were common, with 18.6% and 34.2% of the participants reporting 10 or more premenstrual and menstrual symptoms, respectively. Both premenstrual and menstrual distress were characterised by a combination of emotional and somatic symptoms. Contrary to previous preconceptions, perimenstrual symptoms are commonly experienced by Chinese women, with both overlapping and distinct features when compared with patterns in the West.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis

laparoscopic surgery. Our study was based on the questionnaire tool provided by the Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine. The results correlated with the survey conducted by Volckmann et al. using the same questionnaire in the United States. We found that risk of complications was considered the most important single independent factor for the choice of the surgical approach. Provided that NOTES is provided in the training, the majority of surgeons will adopt NOTES as the preferred approach if there is evidence showing improved outcomes. Despite the enthusiasm in learning NOTES, only 25% of surgeons will choose NOTES for themselves if they require an operation, which is similar to Volckmann’s study. This shows that the views on NOTES do not have much difference among surgeons from different countries. In conclusion, the development of NOTES is both a patient-driven and surgeon-driven process. Accurate and scientific data should be provided to the general public and operators before wide application of this new surgical approach. Proper training programs should be offered to young surgeons who are willing to be devoted to the field before practicing on human patients. Informed consent with thorough understanding of the procedure and its potential risks is a must to avoid unnecessary malpractice claims.
Co‐encapsulation of anti‐BCR‐ABL siRNA and imatinib mesylate in transferrin receptor‐targeted sterically stabilized liposomes for chronic myeloid leukemia treatment

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is triggered by the BCR‐ABL oncogene. Imatinib is the first‐line treatment of CML; however imatinib resistance and intolerance have been detected in many patients. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are required. The present work aimed at the development and application of transferrin receptor (TrfR) targeted liposomes co‐encapsulating anti‐BCR‐ABL siRNA and imatinib at different molar ratios. The encapsulation yields and drug loading of each molecule was evaluated. Anti‐leukemia activity of the developed formulations co‐encapsulating siRNA and imatinib and of the combination of Trf‐liposomes carrying siRNA and free imatinib under two different treatment schedules of pre‐sensitization was assessed. The results obtained demonstrate that the presence of imatinib significantly decreases the encapsulation yields of siRNA, whereas imatinib encapsulation yields are increased by the presence of siRNA. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrate that the formulations co‐encapsulating siRNA and imatinib promote a 3.84‐fold reduction on the imatinib IC50 (from 3.49 to 0.91 µM), whereas a 8.71‐fold reduction was observed for the pre‐sensitization protocols (from 42.7 to 4.9 nM). It was also observed that the formulations with higher siRNA to imatinib molar ratios promote higher cell toxicity. Thus, the present work describes a novel triple targeting strategy with one single system: cellular targeting (through the targeting ligand, transferrin) and molecular targeting at the BCR‐ABL mRNA and Bcr‐Abl protein level. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 884–893. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.