Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Willingness to communicate in english as a second language as a stable trait or context-influenced variable: Case studies of Iranian Migrants to New Zealand

Whether Willingness to Communicate (WTC) is a permanent trait or is modified by situational context has previously been investigated in various studies (e.g. Cao and Philp, 2006; Kang, 2005; MacIntyre and Legatto, 2011). However, most research into WTC has been quantitative or conducted in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or Study Abroad situation in countries such as Canada, Japan, Korea and China. This article reports on the qualitative component of an exploratory mixed methods study in a New Zealand (NZ) university with participants who are permanent migrants from Iran. These students completed a questionnaire and participated in further in-depth semi-structured interviews. The article provides an overview of previous research into WTC and motivation in Iran and NZ as the context for these three case studies. In this study, six factors, both trait and situational, were identified as having an effect on these students' WTC in both countries: self-perceived competence; personality; anxiety; motivation and the importance of English; and the learning context. Finally, this article discusses the contribution of this study to the WTC field of research, identifying the implications of these results for teachers of English in the ESL (English as a Second Language or migrant) context and possible avenues for future research.
Hierarchical Comprehensive Context Modeling for Chinese Text Classification

The Chinese text classification task is challenging compared to tasks based on other languages such as English due to the characteristics of the Chinese text itself. In recent years, some popular methods based on deep learning have been used for text classification, such as the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the long short-term memory (LSTM) network. However, some problems are still encountered when classifying Chinese text. For example, important but obscure context information in Chinese text is not easily extracted. To improve the effect of Chinese text classification, we propose a novel classification model in this paper named the hierarchical comprehensive context modeling network (HCCMN) that can extract more comprehensive context. Our approach aims to extract contextual information and integrate it with the original input and then extract hierarchically more context, spatial information and high-weight local features from the integrated results. In addition, our method can remember long-term historical obscure information. Since Chinese radiology texts are complicated and difficult to obtain, we collected a Chinese radiology medical text dataset (CIRTEXT) containing more than 56,000 real-world data samples to verify the effect of this work. We conducted experiments on four datasets and showed that our HCCMN performs at state-of-the-art levels on three selected evaluation metrics compared to baselines. We present promising results showing that our hierarchical context modeling network extracts useful context from Chinese text more effectively and comprehensively.
Ecophysiological responses to the effect of annual management on an endemic viviparous fish in central plateau of México

Studies on the biological aspects of fish typically focus on species that currently have commercial value, causing species that lack such market value to be ignored. This is the case of several freshwater fish, specifically of several members of the Goodeidae family. In the State of Queretaro there are several species of this family characterized for being viviparous and having distinctive sexual dimorphism that may have commercial potential. The subject of this study is Girardinichthys multiradiatus, a viviparous fish endemic to the upper-half of the Lerma River basin. The lack of knowledge regarding its biology and ecology has prevented the development of guidelines to manage its habitat and to preserve its population. The objective was to determine the ecophysiological responses of G. multiradiatus to its environmental management. From the sampling (24 hours every two months) population structure and dynamics were analyzed throughout a hydrological cycle using meristic data (standard length). Trophic and ecophysiological responses to fluctuations in environmental factors were also identified. Although the mexcalpique is a polytrophic species, results show that it prefers feeding on Diptera or Cladocera, while detritus is the third substance frequently found in their stomachs. Environmentally, the water regime is responsible for fluctuations in the population dynamics of the species, while temperature changes are the most influence its energy balance. These results can guide efforts to conserve this species and its habitat.
Not Just Right Experiences in Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

193 COPYRIGHT 2017 BY PSI CHI, THE INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY IN PSYCHOLOGY (VOL. 22, NO. 3/ISSN 2325-7342) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD is characterized in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to diminish feelings of anxiety or distress. Although the specific content of obsessions and compulsions can vary across individuals, several replicable symptom dimensions have been identified including cleaning (e.g., contamination, obsessions with cleaning compulsions), symmetry (e.g., obsessions about symmetry with counting, repeating, and ordering compulsions), and taboo thoughts (e.g., aggressive or sexual obsessions and compulsions relating to acts viewed as “forbidden” or “wrong”; Mataix-Cols, Rosario-Campos, & Leckman, 2005). The disorder was reclassified as an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder (OCRD) in the newest edition of the DSM, alongside hoarding disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder), and excoriation (skin-picking disorder). Research efforts examining the underlying mechanisms of OCD have revealed two distinct motivational domains for compulsions: harm avoidance and incompleteness (Summerfeldt, 2004). Compulsions motivated by harm avoidance are typically enacted upon to reduce anxiety associated with safety concerns or feared consequences of anticipated and potentially harmful events (Salkovskis, 1991). For example, individuals with OCD may check their stoves multiple times in order to prevent the start of a fire or wash their hands repeatedly to ensure they do not contract physical illness. However, compulsions driven by a sense of incompleteness are intended to prevent or alleviate uncomfortable internal sensations associated with one’s immediate environment feeling flawed or imperfect in some way (Rasmussen & Eisen, 1992). This “not just right experience” (NJRE), which is defined in the context of this article as a discomfort experienced when there is a discrepancy between one’s desired and current sensory state, can be experienced across a range of sensory phenomena including sight (“this doesn’t look right”), touch
IFRS Adoption and Management Earnings Forecasts of Australian IPOs

We provide new evidence on the role of management earnings forecasts disclosed in Australian IPOs prospectuses. In particular, our study examines the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on IPO earnings forecasts. We find that the introduction of IFRS is characterised with higher forecast errors relative to the previous AGAAP period. The magnitude of the forecast errors is associated with firm-size, forecast horizon, and industry classification. Contrary to prior studies the level of earnings forecasts accuracy has historically improved. This is attributed to management continuous efforts to identify potential level of future earnings. The results are robust to variations in the measurement of information environment quality, forecast horizon and sample composition.
Pre-term birth and asthma is associated with hypomineralized second primary molars in pre-schoolers: A population-based study.

BACKGROUND Hypomineralized second primary molar (HSPM) is a developmental enamel defect that represents a caries-risk factor. There are few studies about HSPM epidemiology in representative populations. AIM To determine the prevalence and factors associated with HSPM in pre-schoolers. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional population-based study of 5-year-old pre-schoolers from Teresina, Brazil. The sample was randomly selected and stratified by geographic region of the city, type of school (public and private), and sex of the pre-schoolers (n = 811). Sociodemographic status and pre-, peri-, and post-natal conditions were collected by structured questionnaires. Two calibrated examiners diagnosed HSPM using the criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry for molar-incisor hypomineralization. Severity, colour, location, and extent of lesions were also evaluated. Descriptive analysis of the data and a Poisson regression analysis were performed (P < .05). RESULTS The prevalence of HSPM was 14.9. Demarcated opacities (75.6%) and white/cream colour were the most prevalent (71.4%). Pre-term pre-schoolers had 66% (PR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.07-2.58), and those who reported asthma in the first year of life had 69% (PR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.01-2.85) higher prevalence of HSPM. CONCLUSIONS Pre-term birth and reported asthma in the first year of life were associated with HSPM. The prevalence of HSPM in pre-schoolers aged 5 years old in Teresina was high.
Toward a Teaching Software Application for Crashing the Schedule: SPE Beta v.1

The calculation of the minimum duration of a schedule (crashing the schedule), and identifying various milestones (durations) along the way, requires identifying the best order for reducing durations of the individual tasks. This paper continues a discussion that was introduced in April 2010 by Brunnhoeffer & Celik at the Associated Schools of Construction Annual Conference, in Boston, MA. It is the goal of this paper to introduce Schedule Path Explorer Beta version 1.0 (SPE Beta v.1) as an initial step toward developing a crashing software program to be used mainly by instructors and students but also by professionals to improve the understanding of how to crash a schedule. The SPE that is introduced in this paper is a response to the issue of automatically identifying all the paths on a given network problem. Identifying the activities on each of the paths makes it possible for students to build spreadsheets and track the changes in critical or noncritical status, as the duration of certain activities are reduced based on their associated costs. This paper also introduces the future development concepts for the SPE program toward a complete teaching software program, which can be utilized in the scheduling and project management courses offered in higher education institutions.
Green LED as an Effective Light Source for Curing Acrylate-Based Dental Resins in Combination with Irgacure 784

Low intensity green light emitting diodes (LED) were shown to be an effective light source to induce the photopolymerization of an acrylate-based photocurable dental restorative resin mixture of bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), in combination with fluorinated diaryl titanocene (Irgacure 784). Dental matrices were prepared by the LED light source at different intensities. The mechanical properties, such as Vickers microhardness, compressive strength, diametric tensile strength, flexural strength, and -modulus of the created samples, were investigated. The kinetics of the photopolymerization was followed by Raman spectroscopy and conversion values were determined. It was found that, despite its narrow-emission range centered at a wavelength of 531 nm, the green LED light source is suitable for the preparation of dental matrices with good mechanical properties and high conversion values.
Hidden noise in immunologic parameters might explain rapid progression in early-onset periodontitis

To investigate in datasets of immunologic parameters from early-onset and late-onset periodontitis patients (EOP and LOP), the existence of hidden random fluctuations (anomalies or noise), which may be the source for increased frequencies and longer periods of exacerbation, resulting in rapid progression in EOP. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on a dataset of 28 immunologic parameters and serum IgG titers against periodontal pathogens derived from 68 EOP and 43 LOP patients. After excluding the PCA parameters that explain the majority of variance in the datasets, i.e. the overall aberrant immune function, the remaining parameters of the residual subspace were analyzed by computing their sample entropy to detect possible anomalies. The performance of entropy anomaly detection was tested by using unsupervised clustering based on a log-likelihood distance yielding parameters with anomalies. An aggregate local outlier factor score (LOF) was used for a supervised classification of EOP and LOP. Entropy values on data for neutrophil chemotaxis, CD4, CD8, CD20 counts and serum IgG titer against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans indicated the existence of possible anomalies. Unsupervised clustering confirmed that the above parameters are possible sources of anomalies. LOF presented 94% sensitivity and 83% specificity in identifying EOP (87% sensitivity and 83% specificity in 10-fold cross-validation). Any generalization of the result should be performed with caution due to a relatively high false positive rate (17%). Random fluctuations in immunologic parameters from a sample of EOP and LOP patients were detected, suggesting that their existence may cause more frequently periods of disease activity, where the aberrant immune response in EOP patients result in the phenotype “rapid progression”.
Serum Bioavailable, Rather Than Total, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D Levels Are Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Survival

Free and bioavailable 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) are emerging measurements of vitamin D status. It remains unclear whether circulating free or bioavailable 25OHD are relevant to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that bioavailable 25OHD may be a better serum biomarker of vitamin D status than total 25OHD on the association with HCC survival.
Effect of virtual reality method and multimedia system on burn patients’ pain during dressing

1 Hossein Ebrahimi1, Hossein Namdar1, Mohammad Ghahramanpour1, Mansour Ghafourifard2, Saeed Musavi3 1Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 2Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 3Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Effect of virtual multimedia system on burn patients’ pain Effect of virtual reality method and multimedia system on burn patients’ pain during dressing
Influence of Spirituality and Religion on Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Adult HIV/AIDS Patients in Calabar, Nigeria

The emergence of a chronic medical illness such as Human Immune Deficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) may be the time when people turn to the Sacred through spirituality and religion. HIV is a chronic illness that requires strict adherence to medication regimens that may be influenced by spirituality/religion. This study was aimed at finding the association between spirituality/religion and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in adult HIV/AIDS patients. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of 370 patients. Adherence was measured using an adapted adult AIDS clinical trial group (AACTG) and visual analogue scale (VAS) tools. Spirituality was assessed using Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spirituality Expanded (FACIT-Sp-Ex) scale, religiosity with Duke University Religion index (DUREL), and religious coping with Brief Religious Coping (RCOPE) scale. Adherence rates were 86.2 and 43.8% using AACTG and VAS tools, respectively. Statistical significant correlation was found between spirituality and adherence to HAART (r 5 0.265; p 5 0.00). Also, significant correlation was found between positive religious coping and adherence (r 5 0.15, p 5 0.003). Odds ratio indicated that female respondents were 1.6 times more likely to be adherent, compared with males. Similarly, every unit rise in spirituality score yielded a 1.3 times increased likelihood of adherence to HAART on multiple logistic regression of adherence to HAART with relevant predictors. Both spirituality and positive religious coping have positive influence on optimal adherence. Therefore, the training of health care personnel to assess and provide spiritual care and involvement of chaplains/religious leaders is advocated for improved adherence.
The Importance of Development for Comparative Primatology

It is a truism to say that primates develop, but it is also important to acknowledge that development occurs across many domains, including motor behavior, socioemotional behavior, communication, and cognition. In this review, we focus on those aspects of development that impact social cognition outcomes in infancy. Triadic engagements, such as those of joint attention, cooperation, and intentional communication, develop in the first year of life in chimpanzees and humans. Joint attention, for example, occurs when infants coordinate their attention to a social partner while also attending to an object or event. Hominoids are strongly influenced by experiences during early development, especially experiences that are foundational for these coordinated triadic engagements. Purported species differences in triadic engagements are highlighted in current evolutionary theories of primate social cognition, but conclusions about species differences are unfounded when development is ignored. Developmental experien.
A STUDY ON BABESIOSIS IN CALVES AT LIVESTOCK EXPERIMENTAL STATION QADIRABAD AND ADJACENT AREAS, SAHIWAL (PAKISTAN)

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and chemotherapy of babesiosis in crossbred cow calves at the Livestock Experimental Station Qadirabad, District Sahiwal, Pakistan. The effect of babesiosis on different blood parameters was also studied. Among 415 crossbred cow calves examined, 30 calves were found positive, showing 7.2% prevalence. For chemotherapeutic trials, 30 infected calves and 10 healthy ones were divided into 4 groups viz. A, B, C and D with 10 animals in each group. The animals of group A and B were treated with diminazene aceturate (Fa-try-banil, Prix, Pharma, Pakistan) and imidocarb dipropionate (Imizol, ICI, Pakistan) @ 3.5 mg/kg BW 1M and 1ml/1 00 kg BW 1M, respectively. Animals of group C and D served as positive control and negative control, respectively. The efficacy of diminazene aceturate and imidocarb dipropionate was 90% and 100%, respectively. Haematological studies revealed a significant decrease in haemoglobin concentration and total erythrocyte count in Babesia positive animals as compared to negative control. From the results it was concluded that imidocarb dipropionate is a drug cif choice to treat babesiosis in crossbred cow calves followed by diminazene aceturate.
Gravity Survey along the Mizuho Traverse Routes, East Antarctica: SEAL Seismic Exploration in 1999-2000

A gravity survey was conducted along the Mizuho traverse routes in austral summer of 1999-2000 by the 41st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-41). The main purpose of the survey was to obtain detail gravity anomaly along the traverse routes, where deep seismic exploration was simultaneously conducted in order to obtain a fine crustal structure of the Mizuho Plateau. By using SCINTREX (CG-3M) gravity meter, the survey was carried out at 160 sites with about 1 km interval in a distance of 190 km from S16 to Z20 on the traverse routes. Free-air and Bouguer anomalies were calculated using precise locations by GPS measurements, by taking into account an effect of the thick icesheet. The furrowed negative Free-air anomalies are identified around H192, where middle points of the whole traverse routes. Two bedrock elevation models derived both by seismic refraction analyses and radio-echo sounding might correspond to the bottom and the top of a mixture layer composed from ice-moraine rocks over the bedrock surface. Thickness of the crust estimated by Bouguer anomalies is 0.5 - 1 km larger toward inland at the terminal point of Z20 along the profile.
Financial restatements and corporate governance among Malaysian listed companies

Purpose - This paper seeks to examine the effects of Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance on the nature of financial restatements in Malaysia and whether corporate governance characteristics are associated with financial restatements. Design/methodology/approach - Data for this paper are obtained from annual reports that had been restated for the period of 2002-2005 with firm-years being the unit of observation. A control group comprising non-restating firms is formed using match-pair procedures where restated and non-restated firms are matched by size, industry, exchange board classification, and financial year end. The data are subsequently analyzed using a Findings - The results show that the primary reason for misstating the accounts is to inflate earnings. The nomination committee of the firms that restated is found to be less independent with higher managerial ownership. The logistic regression analysis indicates that the extent of ownership by outside blockholders deters firms from misstating accounts. Surprisingly, audit committee independence is associated with the likelihood of financial misstatement. Financial restatements, nevertheless, are not found to be associated with board independence, managerial ownership, and CEO duality. Finally, the results show that firms with high level of debts are more likely to commit in financial misstatement. Practical implications - The research is significant as it provides evidence on the role of corporate governance, especially the independence of the nomination committee and extent of ownership by outside blockholders in Malaysia. It shows that outside blockholders is effective in disciplining managers so that the accounts so prepared are not misleading. The move in 2007 by the Malaysian Government to require companies audit committee to be composed of only independent and non-executive directors, as well as requiring audit committee members to be financially literate, should be seen as important in ensuring the effectiveness of the audit committee. Originality/value - This research is considered as the first study which examines the effects of corporate governance variables on the incidents of financial restatements in a developing country. The findings of this paper would be useful for policy makers in evaluating the importance of corporate governance in emerging countries, specifically on the issue of quality financial reporting.