Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who Should Finance Childcare? Multilevel Analysis of 24 Countries

This paper examines how the individual and country-level factors affect the childcare financing attitudes, particularly the effect of socialization in a particular welfare regime. This area of research is fraught with methodological and conceptual issues, including the over-reliance on Esping-Andersen’s regime typology. Therefore, the authors also investigate whether a more family-policy-nuanced categorization of welfare regimes better accounts for the cross-country variations in childcare attitudes. Using the 2012 ISSP data, the authors conducted the multilevel analysis of 24 European countries, and while the effect of most predictors is generally consistent with the previous research, this study’s most important finding is that the alternative Leitner’s “Varieties of Familialism” typology better accounts for the cross-national variations in childcare attitudes than the classical Esping-Anderson's typology. This speaks of the importance of a programmatic approach in the welfare state attitudes analysis which links the public support for specific social programs to its unique characteristics.
Amelioration of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by anti-macrophage migration inhibitory factor antibody in mice.

BACKGROUND & AIMS We investigated the effects of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) antibodies in experimental colitis-induced dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and examined whether plasma levels of MIF were elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were fed 4% DSS in their drinking water for up to 7 days with and without administration of an anti-MIF antibody every 2 days. The severity of inflammation in the cecum and colon was assessed by clinical signs and histologic scoring. Tissue levels of MIF, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-4, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 messenger RNA (mRNA) were measured. The effects of anti-MIF antibody on chronic colitis induced by TNBS was assessed in BALB/c mice. Plasma MIF concentrations were assayed in patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and healthy controls. RESULTS During DSS-induced colitis, colonic MIF mRNA expression was increased. Clinical signs and histopathologic features were significantly improved in animals given anti-MIF antibody. DSS-induced up-regulation of colonic TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were significantly suppressed in animals given the anti-MIF antibody. Colonic IL-4 was decreased during DSS but restored to baseline by the anti-MIF antibody. The anti-MIF antibody prevented MMP-13 up-regulation by DSS and ameliorated TNBS colitis. Plasma MIF was elevated in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that anti-MIF antibodies reduce the severity of experimental colitis and limit the up-regulation of Th1-type cytokines. Anti-MIF antibodies are of potential therapeutic use in IBD.
Evaluation of morphologic and cytomorphometric changes in oral mucosa in Type II diabetes mellitus – An exfoliative cytology study

Background: It is well known that disease process of diabetes mellitus has effects on various tissues of the body. Diabetes mellitus adversely affect the morphology of oral mucosa, which may compromise tissue functions to favor the occurrence of oral infections and oral neoplasia. These effects can be studied at cellular level using oral, buccal exfoliative cytology. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the alteration in the morphology and cytomorphometry of exfoliated buccal mucosal cells of Type II diabetes using exfoliative cytology. Materials and Methods: Oral cytological smears were made from 20 Type II diabetes patients and 20 healthy individuals. The smears were stained with papanicolaou (PAP) stain. Evaluation of cells for morphologic and cytomorphometric changes were done using research microscope. Results: Specific qualitative and quantitative changes were observed in the study group. There was a strong r109elation between diabetes and cytomorphometric parameters. Conclusion: Cellular alterations (cytomorphometrical and morphological) observed in diabetic patients were related to glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Cellular alterations in oral exfoliated cells can be used as one of the investigative tool which can assist in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
Summary of Cases of Adventitial Cystic Disease of the Popliteal Artery

Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery is explored. The results of correspondence with authors reporting this condition are elaborated upon. This has provided an opportunity to discuss the history of the condition, the findings in 115 cases which have come to the attention of the Correspondence Office dealing with this entity, and the results of treatment. A discussion of the suspected etiology of the condition is presented. The condition remains one of unknown etiology which can be treated by cyst evacuation or aspiration when the popliteal artery is patent and which is best treated by arterial reconstruction when the artery is occluded. The results of such treatment are good but are dependent upon technical excellence of the operative procedure.
Molray--a web interface between O and the POV-Ray ray tracer.

A publicly available web-based interface is presented for producing high-quality ray-traced images and movies from the molecular-modelling program O [Jones et al. (1991), Acta Cryst. A47, 110-119]. The interface allows the user to select O-plot files and set parameters to create standard input files for the popular ray-tracing renderer POV-Ray, which can then produce publication-quality still images or simple movies. To ensure ease of use, we have made this service available to the O user community via the World Wide Web. The public Molray server is available at http://xray.bmc. uu.se/molray.
Trauma-Informed Juvenile Justice Systems: A Systematic Review of Definitions and Core Components

Objective: The U.S. Department of Justice has called for the creation of trauma-informed juvenile justice systems in order to combat the negative impact of trauma on youth offenders and frontline staff. Definitions of trauma-informed care have been proposed for various service systems, yet there is not currently a widely accepted definition for juvenile justice. The current systematic review examined published definitions of a trauma-informed juvenile justice system in an effort to identify the most commonly named core elements and specific interventions or policies. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted in 10 databases to identify publications that defined trauma-informed care or recommended specific practices or policies for the juvenile justice system. Results: We reviewed 950 unique records, of which 10 met criteria for inclusion. The 10 publications included 71 different recommended interventions or policies that reflected 10 core domains of trauma-informed practice. We found 8 specific practice or policy recommendations with relative consensus, including staff training on trauma and trauma-specific treatment, while most recommendations were included in 2 or less definitions. Conclusion: The extant literature offers relative consensus around the core domains of a trauma-informed juvenile justice system, but much less agreement on the specific practices and policies. A logical next step is a review of the empirical research to determine which practices or policies produce positive impacts on outcomes for youth, staff, and the broader agency environment, which will help refine the core definitional elements that comprise a unified theory of trauma-informed practice for juvenile justice.
The Quality in Australian Health Care Study

A review of the medical records of over 14 000 admissions to 28 hospitals in New South Wales and South Australia revealed that 16.6% of these admissions were associated with an “adverse event”, which resulted in disability or a longer hospital stay for the patient and was caused by health care management; 51% of the adverse events were considered preventable. In 77.1% the disability had resolved within 12 months, but in 13.7% the disability was permanent and in 4.9% the patient died.
Quantitative studies of the discharge fields of single cells in cat striate cortex.

The configuration and width of on‐ and off‐response zones in the discharge field of single cells in cat striate cortex was analysed by quantitative methods. The responses across on‐ and off‐zones were plotted for 321 cells with a stationary optimum oriented light slit. The cells fell into two completely distinct subgroups with respect to the degree of overlap between adjacent on‐ and off‐zones. The simple cells had a mean overlap of 16.8%, the complex cells 94.5%. For simple cells the ratio between the maximum off‐ and maximum on‐response in the discharge field was bimodal, showing that two distinct subgroups termed on‐ and off‐dominant cells could be distinguished. For the complex cells the corresponding frequency distribution was unimodal. The maximum response on the two regions adjacent to the most responsive discharge zone (the dominant zone) differed markedly for most simple cells, and only a very few cells had discharge fields approximating an ideal even symmetric field. The frequency distribution of the ratio between the maximum response in the two regions was unimodal showing that odd and even symmetric fields did not form distinct subgroups of simple cells. The number of different discharge zones in simple cells varied from one to five. The zones were arranged as alternating on‐ and off‐zones across the discharge field. The maximum response in the subzones decreased with increasing sequential distance from the dominant zone, so the response pattern across each side of the discharge field resembled a damped wave‐form pattern. All the complex cells had one on‐ and off‐zone which overlapped. The mean width of the subregions in the simple cell discharge field and the mean distance between the response maxima in the subzones increased in the same proportion with increasing eccentricity. The paracentral fields were therefore like magnified central fields. The average width of the whole discharge field was not significantly different for the simple and the complex cells at the various eccentricities.
The effect of implant thread design on stress distribution in anisotropic bone with different osseointegration conditions: a finite element analysis.

PURPOSE Whereas bone is anisotropic, nearly all previous mechanical analyses of implants assumed bone as an isotropic material. Another means to simplify a simulation of the biomechanics of the implant-bone interface is the assumption of complete or no osseointegration; in clinical reality, an implant never achieves 100% contact with the surrounding bone. This study evaluated different thread profiles while not taking into account these two common simplifications. This study sought to (1) investigate the effects of various implant thread designs on stress distribution in the peri-implant bone, (2) appraise previous efforts in this area, and (3) find an optimum basic thread-form design. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through finite element analysis, four different basic commercial thread-form configurations for a solid screw-type implant were modeled: buttress, reverse buttress, V, and square. Bone was assumed to be transversely isotropic, and various degrees of osseointegration were simulated. RESULTS Simulations showed that von Mises stresses were more distributed in the mesiodistal direction. Additionally, maximum stresses were concentrated at the cervical cortical bone region and the first thread. Moreover, in most of the models, von Mises stresses gradually increased in the supporting structure when the degree of osseointegration increased. CONCLUSION The use of different thread designs and various osseointegration conditions did not affect the stress distribution patterns in the supporting bone. In this study, square threads showed the most favorable results according to the predicted values of von Mises equivalent stress, pressure, different shear stresses, and micromotion.
Risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV‐positive subjects in Uganda

Background:Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is associated epidemiologically with HIV infection and with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8 or KSHV). Both KS and HIV infection are common in Uganda. We conducted a case-control study of 458 HIV-seropositive Ugandan adults with KS and 568 HIV-seropositive subjects without KS to examine risk factors for HIV-associated KS. Methods:We recruited newly diagnosed adult KS cases from five hospitals in Kampala, Uganda and controls from a large referral clinic for HIV infection at Mulago Hospital. All cases and controls were counselled and tested for HIV and answered an interviewer-administered questionnaire about their home, socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle and sexual behaviour before they became ill. Only HIV-seropositive subjects were included in the analysis. Results:There were 295 males and 163 females with KS and 227 male and 341 female controls. Age distribution was similar but there was a higher proportion of cases (45%) than controls (29%) residing in rural regions of Uganda. KS cases were more likely than controls to have a higher level of education (x2 for trend, 4.8; P 5 0.03), to have occupations associated with affluence [x2 for heterogeneity, 17.3 on 5 degrees of freedom (df); P 5 0.004] and to come from larger settlements [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for settlements of > 1000 versus 10–99 houses, 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–3.0]. Cases were more likely than controls to have high household income (x2 for trend, 32.6; P< 0.001) and other markers of urban or rural wealth such as owning several cows (x2 for trend, 9.5; P 5 0.002). Cases were more likely to travel away from home (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1–2.3) and more likely to have spent increasing time in contact with water (x2 for trend, 12.3; P< 0.001). Few indices of sexual behaviour were related to risk of KS, including reported number of sexual partners. Cases were more likely than controls to be married to one rather than several spouses (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2–2.2) and to have reported a history of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2–2.3). Conclusions:Among HIV-infected subjects, KS cases are characterized by better education and greater affluence, compared with controls. Urban address, travel away from home, exposure to water, monogamous marriage and self-reported STD were also more frequent among KS cases than controls. The higher socio-economic status of persons with HIV and KS may be a marker for enhanced exposure to a possibly sexually transmitted agent, or for a delayed exposure to a childhood infection. The risk posed by exposure to water among KS cases requires further study.
Severe Pancreatitis and Fatty Liver Progressing to Cirrhosis Associated with Coxsackie B4 Infection in a Three Year Old with Alpha‐1‐Antitrypsin Deficiency

ABSTRACT. A 3‐year‐old girl in whom severe acute pancreatitis was associated with evidence of Coxsackie B4 virus infection was alpha‐1‐antitrypsin deficient. Lack of this modulator of proteolysis may have been responsible for her severe course. Fatty liver at presentation progressed to cirrhosis in the ensuing 18 months.
[IgA antibody detection and PCR as first options in the diagnosis of perinatal HIV-1 infection].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and IgA-specific immunoblot assays as ancillary methods to diagnose human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) perinatal infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comparative study was conducted between February and October 2001 at the Human Retrovirus Research Unit of Mexico's National University. Ninety infected and 153 non-infected children were included in the study. Viral cultures were the gold standard tests. Standardized PCR for a conserved region of the gag gene and HIV-specific IgA antibody using ELISA and immunoblot were used. Statistical analysis of results was performed with SPSS 10.0. RESULTS IgA ELISA sensitivity and specificity were 61.1% and 90.8%, respectively. Immunoblot had a sensitivity of 82.2% and a specificity of 95.4%. PCR had an overall sensitivity of 98.3% and a specificity of 100% with only one false negative result. If both assays were run, the sensitivity increased to 100% and the specificity to 96%. CONCLUSIONS A very high sensitivity and specificity is reached when using together PCR and IgA immunoblot; these assays are useful for perinatal diagnosis of HIV-1.
Quercetin reverses experimental cirrhosis by immunomodulation of the proinflammatory and profibrotic processes

The ability of quercetin to reverse an established cirrhosis has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of this flavonoid in reversing experimental cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was induced by intraperitoneal administration of TAA (200 mg/kg of body weight) three times per week for 8 weeks or by intraperitoneal petrolatum‐CCl4 (400 mg/kg of body weight) administration three times per week for 8 weeks. To determine the capacity of quercetin to prevent liver fibrosis, the flavonoid (50 mg/kg of body weight, p.o.) was administered daily to rats during the CCl4 or TAA treatment. To evaluate the ability of quercetin to reverse the previously induced cirrhosis, we first treated rats with CCl4 for 8 weeks, as previously described and then the flavonoid was administered for four more weeks. We found that the liver anti‐inflammatory and antinecrotic effects of quercetin are associated with its antioxidant properties, to the ability of the flavonoid to block NF‐κB activation and in consequence to reduce cytokine IL‐1. The ability of quercetin to reverse fibrosis may be associated with the capacity of the flavonoid to decrease TGF‐β levels, hepatic stellate cell activation, and to promote degradation of the ECM by increasing metalloproteinases. The main conclusion is that quercetin, in addition to its liver protective activity against TAA chronic intoxication, is also capable of reversing a well‐stablished cirrhosis by blocking the prooxidant processes and by downregulating the inflammatory and profibrotic responses.
Direct Transient Stability Assessment with Excitation Control

The authors extended the applicability of the transient energy function method by incorporating the exciter effects in the energy of a multimachine power system during the first swing transient. The generator was represented by the two-axis model and the exciter was represented by one gain, one time constant, and one limiter. In this study they compute the parameters of the extended transient energy function, which assumes a constant average internal EMF. The critical value of this transient energy is determined. A procedure for its use in transient stability assessment has been developed and successfully applied to fault disturbances in two test networks. >
Tear of the peroneus longus tendon: MR imaging features in nine patients.

PURPOSE To determine the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features that characterize tear of the peroneus longus tendon at the midfoot. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records and MR images in nine patients with a tear of the middle segment of the peroneus longus tendon were retrospectively reviewed. All nine patients had undergone routine ankle MR imaging; three had undergone additional oblique coronal MR imaging. Surgical proof of a tear was available for three patients. RESULTS Partial tear was present in four patients, and complete tear was present in five. Partial tears were characterized by heterogeneous signal intensity and thickening of the tendon. Complete tears were characterized by discontinuity of the tendon. Additional findings included fluid in the tendon sheath (n = 6), marrow edema of the lateral calcaneal wall (n = 3), enlarged peroneal tubercle (n = 3), and tear of the peroneus brevis tendon (n = 2). The extent of the tear was better assessed with oblique coronal MR images. CONCLUSION The characteristic MR imaging appearance of complete or partial tear of the middle portion of the peroneus longus tendon includes foci of increased signal intensity in the distal tendon, morphologic alterations, and/or discontinuity of tendon. Bone marrow edema along the lateral calcaneal wall may be suggestive of the diagnosis. Additional oblique coronal midfoot MR images may help in assessment of the extent of the tear.
Multichannels Strategy Implementation: The Role of Channel Alignment Capabilities

A firm's distribution channels represent a key portfolio of resources that can be leveraged for competitive advantage. One approach to this portfolio that has become increasingly important in recent years is multichannel distribution (MCD). While this strategy has important benefits in terms of market coverage and firm performance, the use of multiple channels seriously affects downstream channel roles such as service delivery, as the financial rewards to channel members and the services they offer are separated. A channel member who offers poor or no service can free-ride on the services offered to the same customer from a different channel. We draw on agency theory to explain these negative consequences. Additionally, the resource-based view of the firm along with capabilities theory provides two key means of alleviating these consequences: channel tracking capabilities and reward alignment capabilities. The study, conducted in an industry facing serious MCD issues (the outdoor sporting goods industry), used key informant data matched to secondary data. Our results show that managers can reap the performance rewards of MCD strategies while minimizing its negative consequences. In particular, monitoring practices such as frequent site visits and phone contact with customers develop the firm's channel tracking capabilities, allowing managers to better monitor downstream activities. This becomes particularly important as the complexity from having multiple channels increases. Likewise, reward alignment capabilities such as retail price maintenance agreements and cooperative advertising enable the manager to minimize conflict among channel participants by ensuring sufficient profitability for all channel members.
Concurrent Validity of the Personality Assessment Inventory Alcohol Problems (ALC) Scale in a College Student Sample

The concurrent validity of the Alcohol Problems scale (ALC) was investigated in a college student sample (N = 200). The relationships between the ALC and associated features of alcohol problems (e.g., consumption patterns, expectancies, maladaptive coping, and stress) were examined. The validity of the ALC for identifying clinically significant alcohol problems (assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) was also examined. The ALC was related to the associated features and was a valid indicator of alcohol problems. T scores of 80, 85, and 90 had superior hit rates for alcohol abuse; and scores of 80, 85, and 90 had superior hit rates for alcohol dependence.