Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Geochemical Study of Acid Mine Water from a Pyrite Mine , North Wales

This paper presents the results of a geochemical study of acid mine waters and related precipitates, sampled at the Cae Coch disused pyrite (FeS 2) mine in Gwynedd, North Wales. The programme aimed to investigate the concentration of selected trace elements, including rare-earth elements, uranium and thorium in solution, and their interaction with iron-bearing minerals. All mine waters analysed are iron-rich and are associated with a variety of precipitates including goethite (a-FeOOH) and X-ray amorphous iron oxyhydroxides. The groundwater samples can be divided into two groups; those of approximately neutral pH that represent rapid infiltration of meteoric water into the mine and those of low pH which have developed as a result of pyrite oxidation. Extensive goethite deposits, precipitated from the acid mine drainage, con1ain high concentrations of many trace elements. Drips through the mine roof, however, have precipitated stalactites of amorphous iron oxyhydroxide which have higher concentrations of barium, lead, nickel and uranium. Gypsum forms extensive efflorescence on drier surfaces and was found to be preferentially enriched in light rare-earth elements, in contrast to the amorphous iron oxyhydroxide which is preferentially enriched in heavy rare-earths. The relative ability of the goethite and X-ray amorphous iron oxyhydroxide precipitates in removing toxic trace elements from solution within an acid mine drainage environment is discussed.
IN VITRO ANTIMITOTIC , ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND GC-MS STUDIES ON THE METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI , PENICILLIUM SPECIES OF TABEBUIA ARGENTEA BUR & K . SCH

The present research was aimed to identify the metabolites in the methanolic extract of endophytic fungi, Penicillium species of Tabebuia argentea and evaluated the extract, in order to emphasize their in vitro cytotoxic activities. The Penicillium species extract was evaluated for cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity and we identified the phytochemicals present in the extract by a GC-MS method. The actively growing onion root cells were inhibited by arresting the cells at various stages of cell cycles. The growth of yeast was also inhibited by inducing necrosis. 18 different phytochemicals were identified in the extract of Penicillium species by GC-MS and few of these compounds have significance in anticancer activity. Hence, the endophyte, Penicillium species contains very potent phytochemicals depicting a strong cytotoxic activity. Further research is needed to extract the active molecules and to verify their potential anticancer activity.
Immunophenotype Characterization for Swine Selected Line, Which is Resistant for the Mycoplasma Pneumonia

Mycoplasma Pneumonia of swine (MPS) decreases the daily growth of pigs, and, co-infection with a virus sometimes causes severe pneumonia. Genetic selection of pigs resistant to the pulmonary MPS lesion might solve the economic loss due to MPS in animal production. Here, we examined the immunophenotype of Landrace line (Miyagino L2), genetically selected to reduce the incidence of pulmonary MPS lesion for 5 generations in Miyagi Prefecture Animal Industry Experiment Station. Although this line is expected to be resistant to the pulmonary MPS lesion, the biological characteristics of its immune function are not clear. We investigated details of the immunorelated phenotype of Miyagino L2 at the hematological and molecular biological level, including cytokine expression, and compared the results with that of non-genetically selected Landrace. Miyagino L2 showed decreased antigen-specific IgG and IgM production and increased CD8-positive T-cell population, and high levels of cortisol concentration, suggesting that the MPS-resistant phenotype is associated these immunological differences. Additionally, T-cell CD4 expression was highly correlated with the MPS expected breeding value. Although the detailed mechanisms underlying this high correlation remain unknown, our result suggested that the genetic selection of the expression level of CD4 might be useful to improve MPS resistance in pig production.
The Drift of Stream Insects

The drift of stream insects and other invertebrates refers to their down­ stream transport in stream currents. While stream invertebrates are adapted by various means for maintaining their position in running waters, it is to be expected that the occasional individual will lose its altachmeIt or orien­ tation to its substrate and drift downstream. However, it IS only"within the last 20 years that observations have been made of large number§-of aquatic insects in the drift. The quantities have been large enough to bring into question the stream's productive capacity to withstand such a high rate of attrition and the possible necessity for an upstream return of some kind. Furthermore, it has interested many ecologists that the drift usually occurs in some type of diel periodicity. and that probably d�adian rhythms are involved. It should be emphasized at the beginning that a "drif�--fauna," as distinct from the bottom fauna, does not exist and is, in fact, an inappropriate term. Drifting is merely a temporary event in the life of many members of the bottom fauna or other substrate-oriented populations. Among the earliest studies on invertebrate drift were those of Needham in 1928 (84), who was primarily concerned with the drift of terrestrial in­ sects that fell onto the stream surface, as a fish food source. But, in captur­ ing these organisms with a net stretched across a small stream, he also col­ lected drifting aquatic forms. Several other investigations on drift were completed in the next two decades, leading to the conclusion that a continu­ ous drift of invertebrates must be considered a natural feature of streams (18, 19, 50, 59). Subsequent investigations, both in the United States and Europe, revealed the presence of large quantities of invertebrates in the drift (5, 42). But the contribution having perhaps the greatest impact in stimulating interest and research into the subject was published in 1954 by Miiller on the drift in north Swedish streams (74). In this work, Miiller also reported large quantities, even in a very small stream, and made obser­ vations on the qualitative relationships among drift, the bottom fauna, and
CSF and Neuropsychological Correlates of Visual Hallucination in Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Objective: To identify clinical features of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) least likely associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology, and to determine whether it is associated with a unique neuropsychological profile. Methods: Clinical records of 98 patients given the diagnosis of DLB at a specialty cognitive and behavioral neurology clinic in a tertiary referral center were retrospectively reviewed for core, suggestive, and supportive features of DLB as well as demographic variables, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's biomarkers, and longitudinal neuropsychological analyses. Results: Core, suggestive, and supportive features were common in this cohort, with 69% and 39% of patients assigned the diagnosis of probable DLB and possible DLB fulfilling consensus criteria for probable DLB. 26 of 98 clinically diagnosed DLB patients had CSF Alzheimer's biomarker analysis, and visual hallucination was the only feature not associated with CSF suggestive of Alzheimer's disease. 42 of 98 patients had longitudinal neuropsychological analyses, and patients with visual hallucinations had worse baseline executive functions but slower longitudinal decline in executive functions than patients without visual hallucinations. Conclusion: Visual hallucination in clinically diagnosed DLB is associated with CSF biomarkers consistent with a non-AD disorder and a unique longitudinal neuropsychological profile. DLB patients with visual hallucinations can be considered a unique DLB endophenotype for future biomarker discovery and validation.
Correction to ``Asian aerosols in North America: Frequency and concentration of fine dust''

[1] Using an elemental signature for Asian dust derived from events in April 1998, we probed a long-term set of routine aerosol samples to develop the first empirical assessment of the frequency and intensity of dust transport from Asia to midlatitude North America. Our data reveal a pattern of consistent, frequent transport that contradicts the episodic characterization derived from short-term studies and anecdotal reports. We find that fine (<2.5 mm) Asian dust is a regular component of the troposphere over the eastern Pacific and western North America and is common, at least in spring, across North America. Typical Asian fine dust concentrations (24-hour average) are between 0.2 and 1 mg/m and only very rarely exceed 5 mg/m. Our data also indicate that Asian dust is concentrated in an altitude zone ranging from about 500 to 3000 m MSL, consistent with isentropic transport processes previously observed in the western Pacific.
Form-Focused Instruction in Communicative Language Teaching: Implications for Grammar Textbooks

This article examines a number of adult ESL grammar textbooks via an author designed checklist to analyze how well they incorporate the findings from research in communicative language teaching (CLT) and in form1ocused instruction (FFI). It concludes that although a few textbooks incorporate some of the research findings in CLT and FFI, they are not necessarily those chosen by the teaching institutions.
The influence of trematode infection on the hemocyte composition in planorbarius corneus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)

Hemocytes are the main effector elements of gastropod anti-trematode defence reactions.Elucidation of morphological and functional characteristics of hemocytes allows for betterunderstanding of gastropod resistance mechanisms. Hemocyte composition of Planorbarius corneus revealed types of cells: granulocytes and hyalinocytes, which differ in granularity, nucleus-tocytoplasm ratio and spreading compatibility. Flow-cytometric analysis suggested the presence of these cell types in the hemolymph of P. corneus and showed the differences ingranulocyte/hyalinocytes ratio in non-infected snails and snails infected with different trematodes - Cotylurus sp. , Notocotylus sp. , Plagiorchis sp. and Echinostoma sp. It was also shown that in snails with large shell diameter (34 - 37 mm), the ratio of cell types in the hemolymph is clearly biased in favour of granulocytes.
Analysis of turbulent mixing in two-phase flows

This study focuses on the evaporation and mixing process in turbulent two-phase flows with a direct resolution of the flow near the interface. A first approach, using a passive scalar to represent the evaporation and mixing process in a two-phase dense turbulent flow, has been developed and applied in a homogeneous isotropic turbulence over a large range of liquid volume fractions. This model is restricted to low vaporization rates, thus the interface is barely a ff cted by the evaporation process. A statistical analysis of the vapor field is performed. Obtained results suggest that the beta PDF, frequently used in combustion modeling, are not adequate to represent the state of scalar mixing when interfaces are taken into account. A spectral analysis of the velocity and the scalar field is carried out simultaneously in both phases as well as in each phase separately. A procedure using the liquid volume fraction field is employed to separate the contribution of each phase. The evaporation process does not a ff ct the spectrum shape of the scalar, but it has a direct influence on the energy level of the scalar.
Fully-Automatic Camera-Based Pulse-Oximetry During Sleep

Current routines for the monitoring of sleep require many sensors attached to the patient during a nocturnal observational study, limiting mobility and causing stress and discomfort. Cameras have shown promise in the remote monitoring of pulse rate, respiration and oxygen saturation, which potentially allows a reduction in the number of sensors. Applying these techniques in a sleep setting is challenging, as it is unknown upfront which portion of the skin will be visible, there is no unique skin-color outside the visible range, and the pulsatility is low in infrared. We present a fully-automatic living tissue detection method to enable continuous monitoring of pulse rate and oxygen saturation during sleep. The system is validated on a dataset where various typical sleep scenarios have been simulated. Results show the proposed method to outperform the current state-of-the-art, especially for the estimation of oxygen saturation.
An Empirical Study on the Role of Vocabulary Knowledge in EFL Listening Comprehension

Existing literature supports the positive effects of vocabulary teaching on students’ comprehensive English proficiency. However, there have been some imperfections in the research process such as the research framework being somewhat narrow and the statistical instruments being a little conservative, which makes it difficult to form differentiated instructional strategies aimed at different levels of students. Therefore, this paper, based on mature vocabulary testing instruments, incorporates vocabulary breadth, depth, listening comprehension into one study framework and conducts an empirical study by innovatively using quantile regression models, so as to analyse the relationship between the two vocabulary dimentions and listening conprehension at different levels of students. The study results show that both vocabulary breadth and depth influenced listening scores significantly, but the overall effect of vocabulary depth was significantly greater than that of vocabulary breadth; at three levels of listening scores, the enhancing effects of vocabulary breadth showed a gradual increasing trend, while the influence of vocabulary depth shows no significant increase.This study will offer important pedagogical implications to English vocabulary teaching strategies in EFL classes.
Effects of Carbonation on Mechanical Properties and Durability of Concrete Using Accelerated Testing Method

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of carbonation on mechanical properties and durability of concrete. Ordinary portland concretes (OPC) with water/cement ratios of 0.58 and 0.48 and self-compacting concretes (SCC) with water/binder ratios of 0.40 and 0.36 were used in this study. Compressive strength test, splitting strength test, electrical resistivity test, rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), open circuit potential method and alternative current (AC) impedance method were performed to estimate the properties of concrete. Test results showed that carbonation may compensate some concrete properties such as compressive strength, splitting strength, electrical resistivity and chloride ion penetration. However, corrosion test results showed that carbonation increases corrosion rate of reinforcing steel.
Higher-order exceptional point in a cavity magnonics system

We propose to realize the pseudo-Hermiticity in a cavity magnonics system consisting of the Kittel modes in two small yttrium-iron-garnet spheres coupled to a microwave cavity mode. The effective gain of the cavity can be achieved using the coherent perfect absorption of the two input fields fed into the cavity. With certain constraints of the parameters, the Hamiltonian of the system has the pseudo-Hermiticity and its eigenvalues can be either all real or one real and other two constituting a complex-conjugate pair. By varying the coupling strengths between the two Kittel modes and the cavity mode, we find the existence of the third-order exceptional point in the parameter space, in addition to the usual second-order exceptional point existing in the system with parity-time symmetry. Also, we show that these exceptional points can be demonstrated by measuring the output spectrum of the cavity.
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) and social support

Despite the growth in research examining the use of computer-mediated communication (CMC) for exchanging social support, there remains much to learn about the support-related implications of CMC. An experiment was conducted to examine the influence of the reduced social cues associated with CMC on the outcomes of supportive interaction. Participants discussed a stressor with a confederate either face-to-face or via CMC and received informational or emotional support. Although they received the exact same support messages, participants in the CMC condition reported significantly greater worry and uncertainty discrepancy following the interaction than participants in the face-to-face condition. A main effect was also found for support message type. Consistent with the optimal matching model, informational support led to more beneficial outcomes than emotional support in response to the (controllable) stressor experienced by participants.
Improved SST‐Precipitation Intraseasonal Relationships in the ECMWF Coupled Climate Reanalysis

The European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has produced the ocean‐atmosphere coupled reanalysis for the twentieth century, CERA‐20C, following on from the similar but atmosphere‐only reanalysis ERA‐20C. Here we demonstrate the capability of CERA‐20C in producing more physically consistent ocean and atmosphere boundary conditions, by focusing on sea surface temperature (SST)‐precipitation intraseasonal relationships. CERA‐20C reproduces well the observed SST‐precipitation correlations, while these relationships are poorly represented in ERA‐20C, with the greatest discrepancies in the early 1900s. The improved relationships in CERA‐20C are due to intraseasonal improvements in SST that are not present in the external HadISST2 product. In CERA‐20C, SST‐precipitation relationships are slightly weaker in the 1900s than in the 2000s, mainly due to differences in the assimilated observation density. We also find that the coupled model initialized from CERA‐20C in the 2000s realistically simulates these relationships, while relaxing SST toward HadISST2 tends to damp these relationships. CERA‐20C has improved mean and variance in precipitation over ERA‐20C, but these are mostly due to improvements in the atmospheric model and not due to coupled feedbacks.
First results from an airborne GPS radio occultation system for atmospheric profiling

Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) from low Earth‐orbiting satellites has increased the quantity of high‐vertical resolution atmospheric profiles, especially over oceans, and has significantly improved global weather forecasting. A new system, the Global Navigation Satellite Systems Instrument System for Multistatic and Occultation Sensing (GISMOS), has been developed for RO sounding from aircraft. GISMOS also provides high‐vertical resolution profiles that are insensitive to clouds and precipitation, and in addition, provides greater control on the sampling location, useful for targeted regional studies. The feasibility of the system is demonstrated with a flight carried out during development of an Atlantic tropical storm. The data have been evaluated through a comparison with dropsonde data. The new airborne RO system will effectively increase by more than 50% the number of profiles available for studying the evolution of tropical storms during this campaign and could potentially be deployed on commercial aircraft in the future.
Value Relevance of Investment Properties’ Fair Value and Board Characteristics in Malaysian Real Estate Investment Trusts

Prior studies in Malaysia indicate that fair value of investment properties are not value relevant in various industries. Unlike those industries, Malaysian Real Estate Investment Trusts (MREITs) is a capital-intensive industry where the investment properties made up the majority of the MREITs total assets. Furthermore this industry is subjected to stringent monitoring by the Security Commission (SC) which requires MREITs to adopt the fair value model and revalue their investment properties for at least once in every three years. Therefore, results from previous studies cannot be generalized to this industry. Hence, this study investigates whether fair value on investment properties is value relevant in the MREIT industry. Besides, it also examines the effect of board characteristics on the share prices of MREITs. Secondary data was obtained from the annual reports of twelve listed MREITs on Bursa Malaysia from 2006 to 2011 and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that the information on the fair value on investment property (as presented in balance sheet) is significantly related to the share price of MREITs. However, the changes in fair value (revaluation surplus), as presented in income statement is not significantly related to the share price. The findings suggest that fair value of investment properties is useful for investors to make their investment decisions. This study also found a positive and significant association between board independence and share prices of MREITs. It indicates that MREITs with more independent directors are better monitored and hence increase the share prices. This study adds to the limited literature on MREITs. The results indicate that investors do value the fair value information provided by MREITs and support the fair value accounting in REITs. The findings of this study could be used by regulators in improving the future revaluation guidelines for the REIT industry.
Parabolic Jets from the Spinning Black Hole in M87

The M87 jet is extensively examined by utilizing general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, as well as the steady axisymmetric force-free electrodynamic (FFE) solution. Quasi-steady funnel jets are obtained in GRMHD simulations up to the scale of ∼100 gravitational radii (rg) for various black hole (BH) spins. As is known, the funnel edge is approximately determined by the following equipartitions: (i) the magnetic and rest-mass energy densities and (ii) the gas and magnetic pressures. Our numerical results give an additional factor that they follow the outermost parabolic streamline of the FFE solution, which is anchored to the event horizon on the equatorial plane. We also show that the matter-dominated, nonrelativistic corona/wind plays a dynamical role in shaping the funnel jet into the parabolic geometry. We confirm a quantitative overlap between the outermost parabolic streamline of the FFE jet and the edge of the jet sheath in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations at ∼(101–105)rg, suggesting that the M87 jet is likely powered by the spinning BH. Our GRMHD simulations also indicate a lateral stratification of the bulk acceleration (i.e., the spine-sheath structure), as well as an emergence of knotty superluminal features. The spin characterizes the location of the jet stagnation surface inside the funnel. We suggest that the limb-brightened feature could be associated with the nature of the BH-driven jet, if the Doppler beaming is a dominant factor. Our findings can be examined with (sub)millimeter VLBI observations, giving a clue for the origin of the M87 jet.