Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Studies of Candidate Oncogenes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Cancer is a set of complex genetic diseases driven by diverse genomic alterations. The genomic study of cancer has enabled the discovery of novel, targetable events in almost all cancer types and in turn, has led to the development of new, targeted cancer therapies benefiting patients; however, the recent explosion of genomic datasets has also resulted in huge lists of new oncogenic factors of unknown biological relevance, and uncertainty over how best to use the data appropriately to influence patient care. Some of the most pressing questions surround the use of statistical methods to identify actionable genomic alterations in cancer and the identification of driving oncogenes in the context of the genomic evolution of cancer cells, undergone before, during, and after prolonged treatment regimens. Few cancers are in greater need of study than non-small cell lung cancer. Lung cancer is responsible for more deaths per year than any other cancer type in both men and women and in up to half of cases of non-small cell lung cancer, no driving alteration is known. Here, we describe approaches to identify new oncogenic targets in lung squamous cell carcinoma that did not rise to the level of statistical significance using standard algorithms but nonetheless represent a promising target for therapy in patients who present with this disease, and secondary drivers that arise when lung squamous cell carcinoma is treated with prolonged exposure to targeted therapy. In addition, we examine a statistically significant alteration in lung adenocarcinoma that did not validate as a likely driver in our functional studies, despite strong computational evidence
Fear of falling and coexisting sensory difficulties as predictors of mobility decline in older women.

BACKGROUND Mobility decline, the coexistence of several sensory difficulties and fear of falling (FOF) are all common concerns in older people; however, knowledge about the combined effect of FOF and coexisting sensory difficulties on mobility is lacking. METHODS Data on self-reported FOF, difficulties in hearing, vision, balance, and walking 2 km were gathered with a structured questionnaire among 434 women aged 63-76 years at baseline and after a 3-year follow-up. Logistic regression models were used for analyses. RESULTS Every third participant reported difficulties in walking 2 km at baseline. In cross-sectional analysis, the odds ratio for difficulties in walking 2 km was higher among persons who reported FOF compared with persons without FOF and the odds increased with the increasing number of sensory difficulties. Persons who reported FOF and who had three sensory difficulties had almost fivefold odds (odds ratio = 4.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.9-11.7) for walking difficulties compared with those who reported no FOF and no sensory difficulties. Among the 290 women without walking difficulties at baseline, 54 participants developed difficulty in walking 2 km during the 3-year follow-up. Odds ratio for incident walking difficulty was 3.5 (95% confidence interval = 1.6-7.8) in participants with FOF and with 2-3 sensory difficulties compared with persons without FOF and with at most one sensory difficulty at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Older women who have several coexisting sensory difficulties combined with FOF are particularly vulnerable to mobility decline. Avoidance of walking as a result of FOF is likely to be reinforced when multiple sensory difficulties hinder reception of accurate information about the environment, resulting in accelerated decline in walking ability.
Split‐Face Study Using a 1,927‐nm Thulium Fiber Fractional Laser to Treat Photoaging and Melasma in Asian Skin

BACKGROUND Although the 1,927‐nm thulium fiber fractional laser is effective and safe for treating photoaging, clinical data regarding this modality remain limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of the 1,927‐nm thulium fiber fractional laser for treating photoaging and melasma in Asians. METHODS Twenty‐five participants received three laser treatments (at 3‐week intervals) on the half of the face with more‐severe photoaging and melasma. Independent investigators evaluated clinical improvement 2 and 6 months after the final treatment. Improvement in melasma was evaluated using the Melasma Area and Severity Index. Subjective satisfaction rates were also evaluated. Adverse events were assessed, and pain was scored using a visual analog scale (VAS). Histologic changes were observed using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Clinical improvement of photodamaged facial skin was remarkable on the treatment side. Most participants reported that their subjective satisfaction rate was greater than slight satisfaction. Downtime for healing required approximately 1 week. No severe adverse events occurred. Mean VAS score during treatment was 4.8. Collagen regeneration and melanin decrease were observed histologically. CONCLUSION The 1,927‐nm thulium fiber fractional laser is a safe, effective treatment for photoaging and melasma in Asians.
Breathing New Life into Interstitial Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Clinical heterogeneity is a hallmark of many autoimmune disorders, and clinical or subclinical pulmonary involvement is a common extraarticular feature of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) phenotype. High-resolution computed tomography reveals evidence of pulmonary abnormalities in more than half of patients with RA, and clinically significant interstitial lung disease (ILD) will develop in approximately 10% of patients.1 It is currently difficult to identify these patients and to intervene early in the clinical course of their lung disease. The application of genomewide association studies to the search for common genetic variants involved in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has produced a rich harvest .
Palmar Flexion Creases Variants among Nigerians

Line formations of the palm (palmar flexion creases) as part of field of dermatoglyphics can be used for non-invasive investigations of congenital abnormalities. Numerous studies have found correlation between line patterns, diseases and psychological conditions. The pattern of palmar flexion creases had been studied in some Caucasian and Asian populations, but not much had been written about sub-saharan Africa populations. Four hundred and thirty five palmar prints of healthy volunteered Nigerians, comprising 259 males and 166 females aged 14 and 70 years were randomly sampled. The prints were taken using the Antonuk’s ink method. Prints were examined for normal variants of flexion creases based on classification defined by Milton and Cummins. Pattern lines A, B and C were the most common patterns among Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba ethnic groups, while lines D to G patterns vary in frequency from 86% to absence of pattern G among Hausa and Igbo ethnic groups. Other variants of extra line pattern on thenar eminence, numerous criss-crossing patterns, double line A and double line B, M pattern type of lines A, B, C and D were found to be present among the ethnic groups. Simian crease pattern: 0.5% on right hand and 0.2% were found to be normal among Nigerians. Normal palmar flexion crease identification based on this study elucidates normal variants lines A to G and other uncommon but normal variants within the Nigeria population. Key words: Palmar flexion creases, ethnic groups, Nigerians
Students’ experiences of the Case-Based Teaching and Learning Approach at a school of nursing in the Western Cape, South Africa

With the increase in nursing students’ enrolments in the first year of the Bachelor of Nursing programme at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) from 150 in 2003 to 300 in 2005, casebased education (CBE) was introduced as one of the innovative teaching strategies and methods more relevant for teaching and learning in large student classes. The CBE was identified and selected as an overarching teaching strategy as it was believed that it would ensure that students were adequately prepared for nursing practice. After more than six years of CBE being implemented at the School of Nursing (SoN) at UWC, its inherent value to teaching and learning had not been established. Answers to whether nursing students, as users, value the CBE approach and whether or not CBE meets the purpose for which it was adopted were sought. This study describes the views of nursing students with regard to implementation of the case-based teaching and learning methodology in large classes to establish whether or not CBE is viewed as beneficial. Qualitative document analysis and a case study design were used. Inclusion criteria were nursing module evaluations and learning portfolios of students registered in first and second year of the Bachelor of Nursing programme at the SoN. The sample consisted of purposefully selected students’ documents. Data were analysed using Tesch’s thematic analysis method. The students had mixed views about their learning experiences, and it was noted that with time they started appreciating CBE.
Diffusion of Two Botulinum Toxins Type A on the Forehead: Double‐Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Study

BACKGROUND Different diffusion of different botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) preparations may account for differences in outcomes in cosmetic clinical practice. OBJECTIVES A double‐blind, randomized, self‐controlled study was performed to evaluate the diffusion characteristics of onabotulinumtoxinA and a Chinese type A botulinum toxin (CBTX‐A). MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy volunteers (N = 20) were recruited to receive a 0.05‐mL (2 U) injection of BoTNA at four forehead sites (medial forehead (subcutaneous (SC)) and temporal forehead (intradermal (ID))). On day 14, the Minor's iodine starch test was performed and photographs were taken for calculating the area and dimensions of anhydrotic area. RESULTS When BoNTAs were different, the anhidrosis ID area was significantly greater with CBTX‐A than onabotulinumtoxinA, the vertical dimension was significantly longer with CBTX‐A ID than onabotulinumtoxinA ID and the horizontal dimension was significantly greater with CBTX‐A ID than onabotulinumtoxinA ID. The area of anhidrosis SC was significantly greater with CBTX‐A than onabotulinumtoxinA. When injection depths were different, the mean horizontal dimension was significantly greater with onabotulinumtoxinA SC than ID. Comparing the dimension of the same BoNTA and injection method, the vertical dimension was significantly greater than the horizontal dimension. CONCLUSION OnabotulinumtoxinA diffuses less than CBTX‐A. ID injection technique may result in less diffusion than SC.
Application of Intense Pulsed Light in the Treatment of Dermatologic Disease: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved intense pulsed light (IPL) devices for the treatment of a variety of benign pigmentary and vascular lesions, but the range of disease amenable to IPL treatment continues to expand, and there are no evidence‐based clinical guidelines for its use in FDA‐approved and off‐label indications. OBJECTIVE To provide evidence‐based recommendations to guide physicians in the application of IPL for the treatment of dermatologic disease. EVIDENCE REVIEW A literature search of the CENTRAL (1991 to May 6, 2013), EMBASE (1974 to May 6, 2013), and MEDLINE in‐process and nonindexed citations and MEDLINE (1964 to present) databases was conducted. Studies that examined the role of IPL in primary dermatologic disease were identified, and multiple independent investigators extracted and synthesized data. Recommendations were based on the highest level of evidence available. FINDINGS Level 1 evidence was found for the use of IPL for the treatment of melasma, acne vulgaris, and telangiectasia. Level 2 evidence was found for the treatment of lentiginous disease, rosacea, capillary malformations, actinic keratoses, and sebaceous gland hyperplasia. Level 3 or lower evidence was found for the treatment of poikiloderma of Civatte, venous malformations, infantile hemangioma, hypertrophic scars, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and Bowen's disease. CONCLUSIONS IPL is an effective treatment modality for a growing range of dermatologic disease and in some cases may represent a treatment of choice. It is typically well tolerated. Further high‐quality studies are required.
Age, comorbidities, and AIDS predict a frailty phenotype in men who have sex with men.

BACKGROUND Adults aging with HIV infection are at risk for age-related comorbidities and syndromes, such as frailty. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression and predictors of the frailty phenotype (FP) among HIV-infected (HIV+) and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men who have sex with men. METHODS A prospective, observational cohort study was nested in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from October 2007-September 2011. FP conversion was defined as the onset of FP over two consecutive study visits. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals ([,]) for FP conversion were estimated using logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Of 10,571 completed study visits from 1,946 men who have sex with men, 12% and 9% were FP+ among HIV+ and HIV- men, respectively (p = .002). The proportion of FP+ visits increased with age regardless of HIV status, but was significantly greater in HIV+ compared to HIV- men aged 50-64 years. Of the 10,276 consecutive visit pairs contributed by participants, 5% (537) were classified as FP conversion, and 45% of the men with FP conversion had only one FP+ study visit. FP conversion was significantly associated with a history of AIDS (adjusted odds ratios = 2.26 [1.50, 3.39], but not with HIV+ alone (adjusted odds ratios = 1.26 [0.98, 1.64]). Among men who had one or more FP+ visits, 34% of HIV+ and 38% of HIV- men had less than two comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that expression of the FP can be measured in men who have sex with men with and without HIV infection and reflects multisystem dysfunction in this population; further investigations are needed to better understand clinical utility.
The prognostic value of repeated measures of lower extremity performance: should we measure more than once?

BACKGROUND Lower extremity physical performance measured at one point in time is a powerful predictor of future disability. Whether information on previous lower extremity performance adds independent information to disability prediction compared to a single measure alone is unknown. METHODS Data are from community-dwelling men and women aged greater than or equal to 65 years enrolled in the Invecchiare in Chianti study who were free of mobility and activities of daily living (ADL) disability at baseline and at 3-year follow-up (n = 891). Walking speed and Short Physical Performance Battery were examined at baseline and at the 3-year follow-up (zero-time). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between physical performance measures and incident mobility and ADL disability detected at the 6-year and 9-year follow-up. RESULTS Walking speed and Short Physical Performance Battery score assessed at the zero-time strongly predicted development of mobility and ADL disability during the subsequent 6 years independent of walking speed/Short Physical Performance Battery score 3 years prior. CONCLUSIONS Current lower extremity performance is a strong risk factor for subsequent mobility and ADL disability and is independent of performance 3 years prior, which has negligible independent prognostic value.
EXTREMITY VASCULAR TRAUMA EXPERIENCE AT CIVIL SANDAMAN TEACHING HOSPITAL & BOLAN MEDICAL COLLEGE QUETTA

To evaluate vascular trauma management mainly on clinical assessment, at less equipped set up and to find out etiological factors, early and late presentation, deferent vascular technique, site of injury, their outcome in early and late arrival and outcome of surgery in vascular injuries. A Prospective study of vascular trauma patients presented to the emergency department of civil sandaman teaching Hospital Quetta, Jellani hospital, Akram hospital, Mansoor hospital Quetta, with acute vascular injuries from august 1995 to July 2003, were assessed. The Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) was calculated for majority of individual to determine the magnitude of injury. A trauma database advised to analyzed each patients characteristics, time since the injury divided into early presentation 6hours, etiology of trauma, surgical procedure, hospital mortality, complication associated injuries and outcome was assessed. One fifty-five patients of vascular injuries were managed. The male to female ratio was 142:13 with an age range of 8 to 65 years. The time since injury ranged 2-22 hours (mean9.3). 74.8% cases sustained vascular trauma by firearm followed by stab injuries 12.2%, blunt trauma 7.7% and 5.1% by crushed injury. 63.8% were arteries, 12.9% were venous, remaining were mixed, upper limb injuries were 25.8% lower limb 60%, the remaining were abdominal or neck injuries. Arterial bleeding from the wound was the most frequent presentation found in 40%, patients followed by absent distal pulses recorded in 32% subjects, complete vascular transaction was the most common operative finding noted in 47.09% cases followed by partial tear in 39.3%. Injuries treated with end to end anastomosis in 14.8%, Vein grafts 58.5%, prosthetic graft in 2.9%, lateral suture 17%, ligation in 6.6% and primary amputation 2.5%, in 84.9% subjects had a functional limb after vascular reconstruction, wound complication was recorded in 12% individuals. 15 (9.6%) patients died within 21 hours of injuries all due to torrential hemorrhage. Conclusion Extremity vascular trauma occur because of direct or indirect trauma and may result in loss of limb or function. Early recognition and prompt surgical intervention, use of saphenous vein graft and fasciotomy contributes to a successful outcome to save life and limbs in vascular trauma patients, the emergency physician is responsible for expedient recognition of injuries and rapid, appropriate consultation while stabilizing the patient.
Effect of Patient Navigation With or Without Financial Incentives on Viral Suppression Among Hospitalized Patients With HIV Infection and Substance Use: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE Substance use is a major driver of the HIV epidemic and is associated with poor HIV care outcomes. Patient navigation (care coordination with case management) and the use of financial incentives for achieving predetermined outcomes are interventions increasingly promoted to engage patients in substance use disorders treatment and HIV care, but there is little evidence for their efficacy in improving HIV-1 viral suppression rates. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a structured patient navigation intervention with or without financial incentives to improve HIV-1 viral suppression rates among patients with elevated HIV-1 viral loads and substance use recruited as hospital inpatients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS From July 2012 through January 2014, 801 patients with HIV infection and substance use from 11 hospitals across the United States were randomly assigned to receive patient navigation alone (n = 266), patient navigation plus financial incentives (n = 271), or treatment as usual (n = 264). HIV-1 plasma viral load was measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. INTERVENTIONS Patient navigation included up to 11 sessions of care coordination with case management and motivational interviewing techniques over 6 months. Financial incentives (up to $1160) were provided for achieving targeted behaviors aimed at reducing substance use, increasing engagement in HIV care, and improving HIV outcomes. Treatment as usual was the standard practice at each hospital for linking hospitalized patients to outpatient HIV care and substance use disorders treatment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was HIV viral suppression (≤200 copies/mL) relative to viral nonsuppression or death at the 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Of 801 patients randomized, 261 (32.6%) were women (mean [SD] age, 44.6 years [10.0 years]). There were no differences in rates of HIV viral suppression versus nonsuppression or death among the 3 groups at 12 months. Eighty-five of 249 patients (34.1%) in the usual-treatment group experienced treatment success compared with 89 of 249 patients (35.7%) in the navigation-only group for a treatment difference of 1.6% (95% CI, -6.8% to 10.0%; P = .80) and compared with 98 of 254 patients (38.6%) in the navigation-plus-incentives group for a treatment difference of 4.5% (95% CI -4.0% to 12.8%; P = .68). The treatment difference between the navigation-only and the navigation-plus-incentives group was -2.8% (95% CI, -11.3% to 5.6%; P = .68). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among hospitalized patients with HIV infection and substance use, patient navigation with or without financial incentives did not have a beneficial effect on HIV viral suppression relative to nonsuppression or death at 12 months vs treatment as usual. These findings do not support these interventions in this setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01612169.
Comparison of quality of facial scars after single low‐level laser therapy and combined low‐level with high‐level (PDL 595 nm) laser therapy

The main goal of our study was to compare the quality of resulting facials scar 12 weeks after single and combined laser therapy. Forty‐one children from age 1.5 to 5 years with facial scars after injury participated in the study. Thirty‐one underwent laser therapy, 14 were treated using single low‐level laser therapy (670 nm, fluence 3–5 J/cm−2), and 17 underwent combined high‐level laser therapy with non‐ablative pulsed dye laser (PDL; 595 nm, spot size 7 mm, delay 0.45 ms or 1.5 ms, fluence 9–11 J/cm−2, cryogen spray/delay 20/30 ms) and low‐level laser therapy. The control group consisted of 10 untreated children. Before treatment and at week 4, 8, and, 12 the scars were evaluated using the POSAS questionnaire. A statistically significant improvement in scars (between ratings before treatment and 4 weeks after therapy, before treatment and 8 weeks after therapy and before treatment and 12 weeks after therapy) was observed in all parameters in both treatment groups (p < 0.0001). For the HLLT+LLLT group the most significant enhancement in the quality of scars was found for all items and at all evaluations, except pigmentation and pliability. There was no improvement observed in quality of facial scars in the control group.