Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The intersection of personal and professional lives for male and female diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons in 2015.

OBJECTIVE To characterize objective and subjective elements of the personal lives of American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) diplomates and identify elements of personal life associated with professional life or career success. SAMPLE 836 ACVS diplomates. PROCEDURES An 81-item questionnaire was sent to 1,450 diplomates in 2015 via email and conducted by means of an online platform. Responses were analyzed to summarize trends and identify associations among selected variables. RESULTS Men were more likely than women to be married or in a domestic partnership (88% vs 68%, respectively) and to have children (77% vs 47%). Among women but not men, respondents in large animal practice were less likely than were those in small animal practice to be represented in these categories. Women had children later in their career than did men and indicated that their stage of training played an important role in family planning. Respondents with children worked significantly fewer hours than did those without children, with a greater reduction in hours for women versus men (6.0 vs 3.1 hours, respectively). Women were more likely to require external childcare services than were men. Women were more likely to report that having children had negatively impacted their professional lives. No negative associations between measures of professional success (eg, advancement or personal income) and parenthood were identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Family demographics differed between male and female ACVS diplomates, yet no objective impact on career success was identified. Work-life balance may play an important role in recruitment, retention, and job satisfaction of veterinary surgeons.
Motivations and Expectations for Pursuing Graduate Education in Mathematics and Science Education

Abstract The aim of this study was to reveal the reasons behind the decisions of individuals for pursuing graduate education in mathematics and science education. In this paper, candidates were investigated in terms of their explanations for the necessities of graduate education, their motivational factors for pursuing higher education and their expectations from it. Being qualitative in nature this study was a case study and the case being examined was graduate candidates’ motivations for and expectations from graduate education. The sample consisted of 49 graduate candidates (teachers and recent college graduates) applying to a university in Turkey. Among the results of the study were that graduate candidates’ explanations for necessities for graduate education were mainly gathered under themes of academic development, professional development and social development; that the same themes were also found in their expectations from graduate education; that motivations were consisted of internal and external motivation factors; and that motivations generally caused academic expectations, especially ISCSR and PAS.
Relationships between Thermoplastic Type and Properties of Polymer-Triticale Boards

This study examined the effects of selected types of thermoplastics on the physical and mechanical properties of polymer-triticale boards. The investigated thermoplastics differed in their type (polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS)), form (granulate, agglomerate) and origin (native, recycled). The resulting five-ply boards contained layers made from different materials (straw or pine wood) and featured different moisture contents (2%, 25%, and 7% for the face, middle, and core layers, respectively). Thermoplastics were added only to two external layers, where they substituted 30% of straw particles. This study demonstrated that, irrespective of their type, thermoplastics added to the face layers most favorably reduced the hydrophobic properties of the boards, i.e., thickness, swelling, and V100, by nearly 20%. The bending strength and modulus of elasticity were about 10% lower in the experimental boards than in the reference ones, but still within the limits set out in standard for P7 boards (20 N/mm2 according to EN 312).
Disinfectant Efficacy: Understanding the Expectations and How to Design Effective Studies That Include Leveraging Multi-Site Data to Drive an Efficient Program

For manufacturers of both sterile and nonsterile pharmaceuticals, there is an expectation that the manufacturing process is performed in a manner that prevents extraneous contamination so that the products are provided in a safe, integral, pure, and unadulterated form. As part of that process, cleaning and disinfection are an absolute necessity. Although cleaning and disinfection support control of microbial contamination through preventive and corrective action, specific compendia methods do not currently exist. The intent of this paper is to provide a general guidance on how to perform disinfectant efficacy validation and implementation. This includes how to make sure the concepts are understood, how to interpret facility data and utilize it to demonstrate control awareness for your facilities, and how to leverage the data to reduce redundancies in validation or verification. This paper represents the thoughts and best practices of the authoring team and their respective companies and provides an efficient way to qualify disinfectants without impacting the quality of the study. If you choose to follow the recommendations in this paper, you must ensure that the appropriate rationale is sound and the scientific data is documented. It is the belief of the authoring team that only then will this approach meet regulatory requirements.
THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF MUMPS VIRUS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSULIN DEPENDANT DIABETES MELLITUS

Mumps is an acute viral illness associated with different types of complications, Pancreatitis is one of infrequent mumps complications followed by diabets mellitus type one in few cases. The present study was designed to determine whether a relationshipe exposure to mumps by natural infection or vaccination with MMRvaccine and diabetes type one. Seventy two patients with Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus exposed to mumps by vaccinor natural infection compared with 18 (healthy) age and sex matched control were included in this study . Blood samples were taken for investigation of Glutamic acid decarboxylasw antibody (GADA), Islet cell antibody (ICA) and Mumps IgG Antibody by using ELISA and immunoflorescent technique. Islet cell antibody was detected in 13 (18.1%) patients 6 (8.3%) males and 7 (9.7%) females. GADA was detected in 45 patients (64.5%) 24 males (33.3%) and 21 (29.2%) females. Mumps IgG Antibody was found in 21 (29.2%) of patients
Identification of SERPINE1 as a Regulator of Glioblastoma Cell Dispersal with Transcriptome Profiling

High mortality rates of glioblastoma (GBM) patients are partly attributed to the invasive behavior of tumor cells that exhibit extensive infiltration into adjacent brain tissue, leading to rapid, inevitable, and therapy-resistant recurrence. In this study, we analyzed transcriptome of motile (dispersive) and non-motile (core) GBM cells using an in vitro spheroid dispersal model and identified SERPINE1 as a modulator of GBM cell dispersal. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of SERPINE1 reduced spheroid dispersal and cell adhesion by regulating cell-substrate adhesion. We examined TGFβ as a potential upstream regulator of SERPINE1 expression. We also assessed the significance of SERPINE1 in GBM growth and invasion using TCGA glioma datasets and a patient-derived orthotopic GBM model. SERPINE1 expression was associated with poor prognosis and mesenchymal GBM in patients. SERPINE1 knock-down in primary GBM cells suppressed tumor growth and invasiveness in the brain. Together, our results indicate that SERPINE1 is a key player in GBM dispersal and provide insights for future anti-invasive therapy design.
Influenza viruses that require 10 genomic segments as antiviral therapeutics

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) encode their genome across eight, negative sense RNA segments. During viral assembly, the failure to package all eight segments, or packaging a mutated segment, renders the resulting virion incompletely infectious. It is known that the accumulation of these defective particles can limit viral disease by interfering with the spread of fully infectious particles. In order to harness this phenomenon therapeutically, we defined which viral packaging signals were amenable to duplication and developed a viral genetic platform which produced replication competent IAVs that require up to two additional artificial genome segments for full infectivity. The modified and artificial genome segments propagated by this approach are capable of acting as “decoy” segments that, when packaged by coinfecting wild-type viruses, lead to the production of non-infectious viral particles. Although IAVs which require 10 genomic segments for full infectivity are able to replicate themselves and spread in vivo, their genomic modifications render them avirulent in mice. Administration of these viruses, both prophylactically and therapeutically, was able to rescue animals from a lethal influenza virus challenge. Together, our results show that replicating IAVs designed to propagate and spread defective genomic segments represent a potent anti-influenza biological therapy that can target the conserved process of particle assembly to limit viral disease.
Pharmacological Targeting of BET Bromodomains Inhibits Lens Fibrosis via Downregulation of MYC Expression.

Purpose Lens fibrosis involves aberrant growth, migration, and transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs). In this study, we investigated the role of the bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitor in lens fibrotic disorder to identify drug-based therapies. Methods Rat lens explants, rabbit primary lens epithelial cells (rLECs), human lens explants and human SRA01/04 cells were treated with TGFβ2 in the presence or absence of the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 or the MYC inhibitor 10058-F4. Proliferation was determined by MTS assay. Cell migration was measured by wound healing and transwell assays. The expression levels of fibronectin (FN), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin, and phosphorylated downstream Smads were analyzed by Western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunocytochemical experiments. Transcriptome analysis was conducted to explore the molecular mechanism. Results Blockage of BET bromodomains with JQ1 significantly suppressed rLECs proliferation by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, JQ1 attenuated TGFβ2-dependent upregulation of mesenchymal gene expression and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 during the progression of EMT, whereas E-cadherin expression was preserved. JQ1 repressed MYC expression, which was dose- and time-dependently upregulated by TGFβ2. Inhibiting MYC with either the small-molecule inhibitor 10058-F4 or genetic knockdown phenocopied the effects of JQ1 treatment. MYC overexpression partially reversed the JQ1-regulated EMT-related alteration of gene expression. Both JQ1 and 10058-F4 blocked the expression of TGFβ receptor II and integrin αv in rLECs and abolished TGFβ2-induced opacification and subcapsular plaque formation in rat lens explants. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the antifibrotic role of JQ1 in maintaining the epithelial characteristics of LECs and blocking TGFβ2-induced EMT, possibly by downregulating MYC, thereby providing new avenues for treating lens fibrosis.
Deformity and disability index in patients of leprosy in Larkana region

Objective To find out deformity and disability index in patient of leprosy in Larkana region to provide them regular health education to prevent deformities and disabilities. Patients and method: This was a descriptive observational study carried out at Leprosy Unit Cum Health Education Cell, Chandka Medical College & Hospital, Larkana, Sindh. Hundred diagnosed cases of leprosy with deformities were included in the study, confirmation of diagnosis was based on positive skin smears (bacillay index). Results Out of hundred observed cases of leprosy, deformities and disabilities were found in 55 (55%) patients comprising 40 (40%) males and 15 (15%) females of 22 to 75 years of age. The body parts affected in the cases were hands 21%, feet 20% and eyes 14%. The multibacillary (MB) patients had grade II deformities as compared with paucibacillary (PB) patients. Conclusion The study showed that mostly patients developed deformities and disabilities due to lack of health education, delay in diagnosis and treatment. Rehabilitation, good health and education to patients, their family, friends and community are key to prevention strategy.
Chitosan Ameliorates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Mice by Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function and Improving Microflora

Ulcerative colitis (UC) has been identified as one of the inflammatory diseases. Intestinal mucosal barrier function and microflora play major roles in UC. Modified-chitosan products have been consumed as effective and safe drugs to treat UC. The present work aimed to investigate the effect of chitosan (CS) on intestinal microflora and intestinal barrier function in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. KM (Kunming) mice received water/CS (250, 150 mg/kg) for 5 days, and then received 3% DSS for 5 days to induce UC. Subsequently, CS (250, 150 mg/kg) was administered daily for 5 days. Clinical signs, body weight, colon length, and histological changes were recorded. Alterations of intestinal microflora were analyzed by PCR-DGGE, expressions of TNF-α and tight junction proteins were detected by Western blotting. CS showed a significant effect against UC by the increased body weight and colon length, decreased DAI (disease activity index) and histological injury scores, and alleviated histopathological changes. CS reduced the expression of TNF-α, promoted the expressions of tight junction proteins such as claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 to maintain the intestinal mucosal barrier function for attenuating UC in mice. Furthermore, Parabacteroides, Blautia, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella were dominant organisms in the intestinal tract. Blautia and Lactobacillus decreased with DSS treatment, but increased obviously with CS treatment. This is the first time that the effect of original CS against UC in mice has been reported and it is through promoting dominant intestinal microflora such as Blautia, mitigating intestinal microflora dysbiosis, and regulating the expressions of TNF-α, claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1. CS can be developed as an effective food and health care product for the prevention and treatment of UC.
Posterior foraminotomy versus anterior decompression and fusion in patients with cervical degenerative disc disease with radiculopathy: up to 5 years of outcome from the national Swedish Spine Register.

OBJECTIVE The long-term efficacy of posterior foraminotomy compared with anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) for the treatment of degenerative disc disease with radiculopathy has not been previously investigated in a population-based cohort. METHODS All patients in the national Swedish Spine Register (Swespine) from January 1, 2006, until November 15, 2017, with cervical degenerative disc disease and radiculopathy were assessed. Using propensity score matching, patients treated with posterior foraminotomy were compared with those undergoing ACDF. The primary outcome measure was the Neck Disability Index (NDI), a patient-reported outcome score ranging from 0% to 100%, with higher scores indicating greater disability. A minimal clinically important difference was defined as > 15%. Secondary outcomes were assessed with additional patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). RESULTS A total of 4368 patients (2136/2232 women/men) met the inclusion criteria. Posterior foraminotomy was performed in 647 patients, and 3721 patients underwent ACDF. After meticulous propensity score matching, 570 patients with a mean age of 54 years remained in each group. Both groups had substantial decreases in their NDI scores; however, after 5 years, the difference was not significant (2.3%, 95% CI -4.1% to 8.4%; p = 0.48) between the groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in EQ-5D or visual analog scale (VAS) for neck and arm scores. The secondary surgeries on the index level due to restenosis were more frequent in the foraminotomy group (6/100 patients vs 1/100), but on the adjacent segments there was no difference between groups (2/100). CONCLUSIONS In patients with cervical degenerative disc disease and radiculopathy, both groups demonstrated clinical improvements at the 5-year follow-up that were comparable and did not achieve a clinically important difference from one another, even though the reoperation rate favored the ACDF group. This study design obtains population-based results, which are generalizable.
Speech-language pathology

Case reports rose to popularity around the same time as the creation of periodical journals, and are the greatest source of evidence to support the majority of clinical practices in speech-language pathology. There has been an overwhelming increase in publications of case reports in the last decade at the international level. Even when their contributions to evidence-based practices are called into question, case reports continue to be an essential part of science and contribute in a significant way to the formulation of hypotheses that can lead to more complex studies.
Stable Full Inkjet-Printed Solid-State Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode.

With a growing demand for the availability of inexpensive, simple and rapid prototyped devices, the prospect of miniaturization of the reference electrodes using printing techniques becomes promising. A stable and reusable full inkjet-printed solid-state reference electrode (IPRE) was developed. The reference electrode was fully produced by consecutive inkjet printing of several layers. Ag ink was printed and chlorinated by NaClO printing forming a Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrode. Then, a surface protection by printing a Cl- saturated polyvinyl butyral membrane finally gave a reference electrode that demonstrated an outstanding performance comparable to commercial ones. This full inkjet printing fabrication strategy will improve the viability of producing low-cost miniaturized reference electrodes with interest in many electrochemical sensor dependent areas.
The patient with acute lung injury (ALI)

Lee Kuan Yew, a 68-year-old gentleman who weighs 75 kg, was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following intubation in the Accident and Emergency (A&E) department for acute respiratory failure. He had been unwell for four days with shortness of breath, pleuritic pain, fever and rigours and presented to the A&E with tachypnoea, followed by dyspnoea and progressive hypoxaemia and hypercarbia. Physical examination revealed focal findings of consolidation. His past medical history was unremarkable, but he smoked 30 cigarettes per day for the past 40 years. Three days following his admission to the ICU, Lee Kuan Yew remains sedated, intubated and mechanically ventilated. Assessment findings can be seen in Table 1.1.
Retrospective study of some factors influencing delivery of low birth weight babies in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

A retrospective and cross-sectional study of low birth weight (LBW) incidence in Ibadan, Nigeria, was conducted covering the period 1995 - 2005. LBW is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as birth weight less than 2500 g. It is a serious threat to survival in both perinatal and neonatal periods, and to normal physical and mental development in the post natal period. The study was aimed at gaining understanding on the determinants of LBW in the study area. Data were generated from two randomly selected urban hospitals and three rural maternity centres, where a total of 7,012 cases of LBW deliveries with fairly complete antenatal records were extracted. The data were analyzed using SPSS package. The overall incidence of LBW from the study was 16.8%. LBW incidence was higher among females than male babies (P < 0.005). Mean birth weight for males was 1.74±0.55 kg, and 1.66±0.54 kg for females. A correlation analysis showed that maternal age, parity and height significantly influenced birth weight (P < 0.005). A regression model further showed the percentage contribution of sex of baby (r2 = 0.43), maternal height (r2 = 0.41) maternal age (r2 = 0.27) and parity (r2 = 0.09) to observed LBW incidence. Adolescent nutrition and reproductive health behaviours, maternal malnutrition for improved pregnancy outcomes and reversal of negative implications of LBW incidence in Nigeria, must be effectively addressed. Key words: Low birth weight, prematurity, maternal parity, perinatal and neonatal periods.
A Low-Cost, Multi-Sensor System to Monitor Temporary Stream Dynamics in Mountainous Headwater Catchments

While temporary streams account for more than half of the global discharge, high spatiotemporal resolution data on the three main hydrological states (dry streambed, standing water, and flowing water) of temporary stream remains sparse. This study presents a low-cost, multi-sensor system to monitor the hydrological state of temporary streams in mountainous headwaters. The monitoring system consists of an Arduino microcontroller board combined with an SD-card data logger shield, and four sensors: an electrical resistance (ER) sensor, temperature sensor, float switch sensor, and flow sensor. The monitoring system was tested in a small mountainous headwater catchment, where it was installed on multiple locations in the stream network, during two field seasons (2016 and 2017). Time-lapse cameras were installed at all monitoring system locations to evaluate the sensor performance. The field tests showed that the monitoring system was power efficient (running for nine months on four AA batteries at a five-minute logging interval) and able to reliably log data (<1% failed data logs). Of the sensors, the ER sensor (99.9% correct state data and 90.9% correctly timed state changes) and flow sensor (99.9% correct state data and 90.5% correctly timed state changes) performed best (2017 performance results). A setup of the monitoring system with these sensors can provide long-term, high spatiotemporal resolution data on the hydrological state of temporary streams, which will help to improve our understanding of the hydrological functioning of these important systems.