Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Status, role, and resource explanations for age patterns in psychological distress.

Using data from the 1996 and 1998 General Social Surveys, we explore the relationships among age, age-linked personal and social qualities, and two measures of psychological distress: depression (1996) and generalized distress (1998). Our study has three aims: (1) to replicate the u-shaped age-distress relationship in two recent U.S. data sets, (2) to confirm and elaborate on the mediators of the parabolic association, and (3) to explore the possible suppressor effects. In 1996, depression decreases from young adulthood into midlife and increases among the oldest-old. Less education, lower control, and widowhood contribute to old-age upturn; however, fewer time demands and greater financial satisfaction suppress the upward curve. Conversely, greater control, less shame, and greater religious attendance contribute to the decline through midlife; however, poorer health in midlife suppress that decline. Age patterns in distress are similar in the 1998 sample. Greater satisfaction with finances and fewer religious doubts contribute to the downward slope; however, declining levels of health suppress that downturn. Less education and retired status contribute to the old-age upturn. In sum, personal and social conditions have opposing influences on the parabolic relationship between age and distress.
Olanzapine in the treatment of dopaminomimetic psychosis in patients with Parkinson's disease

We studied the effect of olanzapine (1 to 15 mg/d) in 15 nondemented parkinsonian patients with drug-induced psychosis. Psychotic symptoms decreased significantly during treatment, and there was no worsening of extrapyramidal symptoms. These results suggest that olanzapine is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for drug-induced psychosis in nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease. NEUROLOGY 1996;47: 1085-1087
Diagnosing malignant pleural effusions: how do we compare?

INTRODUCTION Accurate and prompt diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is important as patients with suspected MPE often wait for many days before the diagnosis is secure. AIMS (1) To evaluate the diagnostic yield of pleural fluid cytology for patients admitted to Middlemore Hospital (MMH) in Auckland, New Zealand with MPE between 31 May 2010-1 June 2011. (2) To document the waiting time for cytology results to be made available and whether this contributed to length of stay. (3) To evaluate whether the volume of pleural fluid analysed contributed to diagnostic yield. METHODS A retrospective audit of pleural fluid cytology results on 36 consecutive patients admitted to MMH with a pleural effusion which was subsequently proven to be due to malignancy. Data was obtained from hospital medical records and Web Eclair databases. RESULTS 54.8% (17/31) of patients had positive pleural fluid cytology. Initial pleural fluid cytology was positive in 16 (51.6%). Only 4/15 patients with negative pleural fluid cytology had a repeat aspiration (1 was positive). Median cytology turnaround time was 6.72 days, range 2.23-43.06 days. Average length of stay (ALOS) was 7.78 days, range 1.11-20.8 days. Cytology turnaround times seem shorter for inpatients and when a diagnosis of cancer is unknown but the ALOS is longer if patients have negative initial cytology and when a diagnosis of cancer is uncertain. Samples >50mL appear to have a higher diagnostic yield compared to samples less than and equal to 50mL but this was not statistically significant (77.8% to 41.2%, p=0.08). CONCLUSION Diagnostic yield from pleural fluid cytology at our hospital is comparable with other documented studies. ALOS appears to be influenced by a negative initial pleural fluid cytology and the uncertainty of diagnosis of cancer, not cytology turnaround time. The results suggest a more efficient diagnostic and treatment algorithm could be considered with emphasis on Day Stay investigation and treatment.
Proprioceptive coordination of movement sequences: role of velocity and position information.

1. Recent studies have shown that the CNS uses proprioceptive information to coordinate multijoint movement sequences; proprioceptive input related to the kinematics of one joint rotation in a movement sequence can be used to trigger a subsequent joint rotation. In this paper we adopt a broad definition of "proprioception," which includes all somatosensory information related to joint posture and kinematics. This paper addresses how the CNS uses proprioceptive information related to the velocity and position of joints to coordinate multijoint movement sequences. 2. Normal human subjects sat at an experimental apparatus and performed a movement sequence with the right arm without visual feedback. The apparatus passively rotated the right elbow horizontally in the extension direction with either a constant velocity trajectory or an unpredictable velocity trajectory. The subjects' task was to open briskly the right hand when the elbow passed through a prescribed target position, similar to backhand throwing in the horizontal plane. The randomization of elbow velocities and the absence of visual information was used to discourage subjects from using any information other than proprioceptive input to perform the task. 3. Our results indicate that the CNS is able to extract the necessary kinematic information from proprioceptive input to trigger the hand opening at the correct elbow position. We estimated the minimal sensory conduction and processing delay to be 150 ms, and on the basis of this estimate, we predicted the expected performance with different degrees of reduced proprioceptive information. These predictions were compared with the subjects' actual performances, revealing that the CNS was using proprioceptive input related to joint velocity in this motor task. To determine whether position information was also being used, we examined the subjects' performances with unpredictable velocity trajectories. The results from experiments with unpredictable velocity trajectories indicate that the CNS extracts proprioceptive information related to both the velocity and the angular position of the joint to trigger the hand movement in this movement sequence. 4. To determine the generality of proprioceptive triggering in movement sequences, we estimated the minimal movement duration with which proprioceptive information can be used as well as the amount of learning required to use proprioceptive input to perform the task. The temporal limits for proprioceptive processing in this movement task were established by determining the minimal movement time during which the task could be performed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Nasalance Change after Sinonasal Surgery: Analysis of Voice after Septoturbinoplasty and Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Background Changes in nasalance caused by resonance change after endonasal surgeries have been reported in prior studies. In clinical practice, although patients often complain of a nasal voice just after surgery, their voices recover over time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term nasalance changes before and after endonasal surgery. Methods Patients who underwent sinonasal surgery at Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital between March 2009 and July 2011 were included in this study. We classified the subjects into three groups according to the surgeries they underwent: group 1, the septoturbinoplasty group; group 2, the endoscopic sinus surgery group; and group 3, the septoturbinoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery group. We checked acoustic profiles, Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain (GRBAS) scores, and nasalance using a nasometer before and after the sinonasal surgery. Results When considering multidimensional voice program results, no observed parameters showed statistically meaningful changes before or after the operation in all three groups. GRBAS scales in all patients changed less than two scales postoperatively. Nasalance increased at 1 month after the operation in all groups. However, it returned to original levels with time: 3 months in group 2 and 6 months in groups 1 and 3. Conclusion Sinonasal surgery can change the acoustic characteristics of the vocal tract and produce a significant increase in nasality in the early phase. However, after proper healing of the nasal cavity, nasality was observed to become similar to the preoperative level. Therefore, patients, especially voice professionals, do not need to be wary of voice changes after sinonasal surgery.
Prehypertension and Its Determinants in Apparently Healthy Young Adults.

INTRODUCTION High incidence of prehypertension is reported in medical undergraduates. Prehypertension may progress to hypertension and eventually cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, identifying the risk factors of hypertension in prehypertensive state may aid in effective control of blood pressure. AIM To find whether clustering of known risk factors of hypertension or certain individual risk factors alone affect blood pressure in young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study done in 84 apparently healthy medical students of either sex aged between 18-23 years. It included students with at least one known risk factor of hypertension. Blood pressure levels of 120 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg were defined as prehypertension. The risk factors considered were male gender, family history of cardiovascular disease, sedentary life, general and central obesity, sleep quality, perceived stress and dietary pattern. Clustering of risk factors was assessed based on collective scoring system in which each risk factor was scored appropriately. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired t, Chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. The p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between total risk factor score and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.266, p = 0.015). Among the risk factors, frequency of males with systolic and diastolic prehypertension was higher compared to females (p <0.0001,= 0.022 respectively). Body mass index was higher in systolic and diastolic prehypertensives compared to normotensives (p <0.001, 0.002, respectively). Waist circumference was higher in systolic and diastolic prehypertensives compared to normotensives (p< 0.0001). CONCLUSION In apparently healthy young adults, male gender and obesity are the major risk factors of elevated blood pressure.
SEARCH FOR PROMPT NEUTRINO EMISSION FROM GAMMA-RAY BURSTS WITH ICECUBE

We present constraints derived from a search of four years of IceCube data for a prompt neutrino flux from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). A single low-significance neutrino, compatible with the atmospheric neutrino background, was found in coincidence with one of the 506 observed bursts. Although GRBs have been proposed as candidate sources for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, our limits on the neutrino flux disfavor much of the parameter space for the latest models. We also find that no more than ∼1% of the recently observed astrophysical neutrino flux consists of prompt emission from GRBs that are potentially observable by existing satellites.
Associations of Total and High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older Persons: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Background— Adiponectin shows opposite associations with adverse outcomes in healthy middle-aged populations (lower risk) and cohorts with prevalent cardiovascular disease, heart failure, or advanced age (higher risk). Methods and Results— In a population-based study of older adults, we examined the relationships of total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin with mortality among subgroups defined by baseline cardiovascular status: No cardiovascular disease, heart failure, or atrial fibrillation (group 1); cardiovascular disease but no heart failure/atrial fibrillation (group 2); and heart failure/atrial fibrillation (group 3). We found significant differences in the associations with all-cause mortality across the groups. The association in group 1 was U-shaped; increasing levels of total adiponectin up to 12.4 mg/L were associated with lower mortality after adjustment for confounders (hazard ratio=0.81 per 1 SD [95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.95]), but above this cut point, higher levels conferred greater risk (hazard ratio=1.19 [95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.27]). Further adjustment for diabetes mellitus or insulin resistance, protection against which has been proposed to mediate the beneficial relationships of adiponectin with outcome, attenuated the association in the lower range. There was no significant association in group 2, but in group 3, total adiponectin showed a direct adjusted association. Additional adjustment for putative metabolic/inflammatory intermediates suggested a direct association for group 2, and magnified the one for group 3 (hazard ratio=1.31 [1.15–1.50]). Results were similar for high-molecular-weight adiponectin and for cardiovascular mortality. Conclusions— Adiponectin exhibits distinct associations with mortality in elders, which shift from U-shaped to flat to direct with greater baseline cardiovascular dysfunction but become more consistently adverse after accounting for metabolic/inflammatory factors presumed to be favorably regulated by the adipokine. These findings advance understanding of the adiponectin paradox as it relates to older adults.
Low‐level laser therapy for traumatic brain injury in mice increases brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptogenesis

Transcranial low‐level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) is a new non‐invasive approach to treating a range of brain disorders including traumatic brain injury (TBI). We (and others) have shown that applying near‐infrared light to the head of animals that have suffered TBI produces improvement in neurological functioning, lessens the size of the brain lesion, reduces neuroinflammation, and stimulates the formation of new neurons. In the present study we used a controlled cortical impact TBI in mice and treated the mice either once (4 h post‐TBI, 1‐laser), or three daily applications (3‐laser) with 810 nm CW laser 36 J/cm2 at 50 mW/cm2. Similar to previous studies, the neurological severity score improved in laser‐treated mice compared to untreated TBI mice at day 14 and continued to further improve at days 21 and 28 with 3‐laser being better than 1‐laser. Mice were sacrificed at days 7 and 28 and brains removed for immunofluorescence analysis. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was significantly upregulated by laser treatment in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ) but not in the perilesional cortex (lesion) at day 7 but not at day 28. Synapsin‐1 (a marker for synaptogenesis, the formation of new connections between existing neurons) was significantly upregulated in lesion and SVZ but not DG, at 28 days but not 7 days. The data suggest that the benefit of LLLT to the brain is partly mediated by stimulation of BDNF production, which may in turn encourage synaptogenesis. Moreover the pleiotropic benefits of BDNF in the brain suggest LLLT may have wider applications to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Neurological Severity Score (NSS) for TBI mice
On the nature of emotion.

This essay has tried to make three points. First, humans are capable of a large number of affect states (the exact number is not yet known), each marked by a distinct profile of physiology, cognition, and behavior, and each requiring a distinct name. Second, a distinction should be made among acute emotions, chronic moods, and temperamental vulnerabilities to a particular emotion state. Finally, research on human affects will profit from a return to, and a reinterpretation of, Freud's suggestion of unconscious affect states. Such inquiry would provide a corrective to the current reliance on the verbal reports of phenomenal states on questionnaires or in interviews as either the only, or the primary, index of an emotion. Continued use of this strategy will limit analyses to a small number of heterogeneous states that happen to have a popular English name and will retard discovery of the larger number of affect states that are of significance for human function. Discovery of these states will require use of new sources of evidence to supplement popular ones, including facial and postural expressions, muscle tension, EEG, vagal tone, heart-rate changes, blood pressure, GSR, facial temperature, and blood or saliva indexes of norepinephrine, opioids, and cortisol. When the cosmologist James Peebles was asked to guess the exact numerical answers to a series of astronomical puzzles, like the age of the universe or of a distant star, he replied, "If someone gave me on a tablet of clay the answer and the numbers, I would be disappointed. I would throw it away because the great discoveries are not going to be a final number, but the method you come to apply to learn that number. "
Title Mental wellbeing amongst younger and older migrant workers in comparison to their urban counterparts in Guangzhou city , China : a cross-sectional study

Background: There has been a dramatic increase in internal migrant workers in China over recent decades, and there is a recent concern of poor mental health particularly amongst younger or “new generation” migrants who were born in 1980 or later. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangzhou city between May and July in 2012. Mental wellbeing was measured using the World Health Organization Five-item Well-Being Index Scale and the 36 Item Short Form Health Survey mental health scale. Linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the differences between migrant workers and their urban counterparts and between younger and older migrants. Results: Migrant workers (n = 914) showed a small but significant advantage in mental wellbeing compared to their urban counterparts (n = 814). There was some evidence for age modification effect (p for interaction = 0.055-0.095); better mental wellbeing in migrants than urbanites were mainly seen in the older compared to the younger group, and the difference attenuated somewhat after controlling for income satisfaction. Older migrants showed better mental health than younger migrants. Factors that were independently associated with poor mental health in migrants included being male, longer working hours, and income dissatisfaction, whilst older age, factory job, high income, and increased use of social support resources were associated with reduced risk. Conclusions: Efforts to promote mental health amongst migrant workers may be usefully targeted on younger migrants and include measures aimed to improve working conditions, strengthen the social support network, and address age-specific needs.
Plasminogen Activators t-PA, u-PA and Its Inhibitor (PAI) in Normal Males and Females

Summary We determined the plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity and their antigen levels including urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) in 33 male and 27 female normal subjects. Males had mean t-PA activity of 0.50 iu/ml which was significantly lower (p <0.01) than the females 0.64 iu/ml. Males had higher (p <0.001) mean PAI activity (15.5 AU/ml) as compared to females 10.3 AU/ml. The respective mean levels of t-PA and PAI antigen were significantly higher (p <0.01) in males (8.1 ng/ml and 17.6 ng/ml) than in females (6.2 ng/ml and 12.1 ng/ml). The mean u-PA level in males was 1.54 ng/ml which was significantly higher (p <0.01) than in females with 1.02 ng/ml. In post-venous occlusion studies, females had a greater mean response of 8.6 fold in t-PA activity as compared to males with a mean of 4.5 fold increase. The mean t-PA antigen response in males was 2.0 fold increase as compared to 2.6 fold increase in the females. No significant responses were seen in both sexes in either PAI activity or antigen levels when compared with the resting state. In zymography studies, free t-PA, its inhibitor complexes and u-PA were demonstrated in the euglobulin fractions of stored plasma. This study demonstrates that significant differences in t-PA, u-PA and PAI exist between male and female subjects which should be taken into account when determining their levels in clinical conditions.
Transcription mediated by NFAT is highly inducible in effector CD4+ T helper 2 (Th2) cells but not in Th1 cells

Transcriptional factors of the NFAT family play an important role in regulating the expression of several cytokine genes during the immune response, such as the genes for interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-4, among others. Upon antigen stimulation, precursor CD4+ T helper (pTh) cells proliferate and differentiate into two populations of effector cells (eTh1 and eTh2), each one expressing a specific pattern of cytokines that distinguishes them from their precursors. eTh2 cells are the major source of IL-4, while gamma interferon is produced by eTh1 cells. Here we have used reporter transgenic mice to show that DNA binding and transcriptional activities of NFAT are transiently induced during the differentiation of pTh cells into either eTh1 or eTh2 cells to mediate the expression of IL-2 as a common growth factor in both pathways. However, although NFAT DNA binding is similarly induced in both eTh1 and eTh2 cells upon antigen stimulation, only the NFAT complexes present in eTh2 cells are able to mediate high-level transcription, and relatively little NFAT transcriptional activity was induced in eTh1 cells. In contrast to activated pTh cells, neither eTh1 nor eTh2 cells produced significant IL-2 upon stimulation, but the high levels of NFAT transcriptional activities directly correlate with the IL-4 production induced in response to antigen stimulation in eTh2 cells. These data suggest that activated NFAT is involved in the effector function of eTh2 cells and that the failure of eTh1 cells to produce IL-4 in response to an antigen is due, at least partially, to a failure to induce high-level transcription of the IL-4 gene by NFAT. Regulation of NFAT could be therefore a critical element in the polarization to eTh1 or eTh2.
Value-Based Utility for Jitter Management

A variety of scheduling algorithms and management frameworks have been proposed to provide more than just best-effort service offered by the Internet protocol. A new framework, value-based utility (VBU), uses the perceived knowledge of the state and degree of user satisfaction in managing router resources and functions. VBU has been shown to effectively manage packet loss and delay in times of high demand and low resource availability. This paper attempts to apply VBU to jitter management by enhancing on an existing scheduling algorithm, Jitter-EDD
Review of Effective Middle School Bullying Prevention Programs : Helping School Counselors Utilize Effective Bullying Prevention Program Components and Outcome Measures

Professional school counselors recognize the need for all students to attend schools in a safe, orderly, and caring environment. To promote this type of environment, comprehensive school counseling programs include antibullying/harassment and violence prevention programs along with comprehensive conflict-resolution programs to foster a positive school climate. (American School Counselor Association [ASCA], 2011, para. 1)
Temozolomide and oral VP‐16 for children and young adults with recurrent or treatment‐induced malignant gliomas

Children and young adults with recurrent or treatment‐induced malignant gliomas have limited responses to temozolomide or oral VP‐16 when either is administered as a single agent. We postulated that a combination of these two drugs for patients with recurrent or treatment‐induced malignant gliomas might result in better and more prolonged responses. A retrospective analysis was performed on patients treated with the combination of temozolomide and VP‐16.