Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of systolic [Ca2+]i and cellular Ca2+ flux balance in rat ventricular myocytes by SR Ca2+, L‐type Ca2+ current and diastolic [Ca2+]i

The force–frequency response is an important physiological mechanism regulating cardiac output changes and is accompanied in vivo by β‐adrenergic stimulation. We sought to determine the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content and L‐type current (ICa‐L) in the frequency response of the systolic Ca2+ transient alone and during β‐adrenergic stimulation. Experiments (on single rat ventricular myocytes) were designed to be as physiological as possible. Under current clamp stimulation SR Ca2+ content increased in line with stimulation frequency (1–8 Hz) but the systolic Ca2+ transient was maximal at 6 Hz. Under voltage clamp, increasing frequency decreased both systolic Ca2+ transient and ICa‐L. Normalizing peak ICa‐L by altering the test potential decreased the Ca2+ transient amplitude less than an equivalent reduction achieved through changes in frequency. This suggests that, in addition to SR Ca2+ content and ICa‐L, another factor, possibly refractoriness of Ca2+ release from the SR contributes. Under current clamp, β‐adrenergic stimulation (isoprenaline, 30 nm) increased both the Ca2+ transient and the SR Ca2+ content and removed the dependence of both on frequency. In voltage clamp experiments, β‐adrenergic stimulation still increased SR Ca2+ content yet there was an inverse relation between frequency and Ca2+ transient amplitude and ICa‐L. Diastolic [Ca2+]i increased with stimulation frequency and this contributed substantially (69.3 ± 6% at 8 Hz) to the total Ca2+ efflux from the cell. We conclude that Ca2+ flux balance is maintained by the combination of increased efflux due to elevated diastolic [Ca2+]i and a decrease of influx on ICa‐L on each pulse.
Analytical Drain Current Model for Organic Thin-Film Transistors at Different Temperatures Considering Both Deep and Tail Trap States

Surface-potential-based drain current model is presented for organic thin-film transistors considering both exponential deep and tail trap states densities. The model is derived on the basis of the assumption that the trapped carrier concentration dominates Poisson's equation. An analytical drain current expression is obtained. The expression is valid in both subthreshold and above-threshold regimes. The calculated results are verified by available experimental data at different temperatures.
Earnings Management: An Advantage or Disadvantage?

"Objective – The purpose of this research is to examine the consequences of accrual based earnings management and real earnings management on future operating performance. The firms studied engage in accrual-based earnings management with discretionary accrual measures using the modified Jones model and some of the following real earnings management activities, (1) Sales manipulation that accelerates the timing of sales through increased price discounts or cutting prices to boost sales in the current period; and/or (2) cutting of discretionary expenditures to increase income in the current period. Furthermore, the study examines the extent to which discretionary accrual and real earnings management affects subsequent operating performance (as measured by both return on assets and operating cash flows). Methodology/Technique – The sample manufacturing firms that engage in financial statement were listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2014. The hypothesis testing method used in this research is multiple regression linear. Findings – The results suggest that accrual-based earnings management, with discretionary accrual measures, and real earnings management through sales manipulation and discretionary expenditures are positively associated with return on assets after one and two years. Meanwhile, accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management through sales manipulation enhances subsequent operating cash flows. However, real earnings management through discretionary expenditures does not influence operating cash flows. Novelty – This research contributes to the existing literature on the subsequent impact of accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management"
Halitosis: Variations in Mouth and Total Breath Odor Intensity Resulting from Prophylaxis and Antisepsis

THE work reported here was undertaken to secure general information concerning the intensity of odors commonly appearing on the breath, to determine the relative proportions originating in the mouth and that carried by expired air, to examine odor-intensity variation as affected by mouth hygiene and use of an antiseptic rinse,* and to make a brief study of certain habits and mouth conditions that can lead to relatively intense breath odors. In addition, data will be presented concerning the putrefaction rate of saliva in vitro and in vivo. No data will be offered concerning physiological conditions -that may be related to odor development. No subjects were included in the clinical groups who hadobvious or recognizable pathological conditions. All subjects were considered as normal in regard to breath odor. The clinical groups used were drawn from a pool comprising individuals of both sexes and ages, ranging from 18 to 60 years. The economic status ineluded unskilled hourly rate workers, mechanics, machine operators, inspectors, foremen, all types and ranks of office personnel, executives, and laboratory personnel of various types. A special group, to be mentioned later, comprised university students of various ages. Odor evaluations were made by application of the osmoscope, cross-checking frequently by use of the nose. Two operators cooperated constantly on odor evaluation to minimize the hazard of fatigue or the possibility of unrecognized loss of odor perception. Certain applications of the osmoscope to the evaluation of the mouth and breath odors have been reported by Fosdick. ' The instrument used here was that devised by Fair and Wells2 for the evaluation of odor in potable water with a single modification, an oval rubber mouthpiece, adapting it to oral application. A glass tube through this provided for air passage. Instrument readings given in the accompanying data have the significance shown in Table I. It has been proposed that these values be expressed in terms
Reproductive Performance Definition in Dairy Cattle: Affective Factors

The reproductive performance of a dairy herd has a significant effect on the profitability of that herd. Common measures of reproductive performance are days to first service, days to conception, calving interval, services per conception, conception rate, estrus detection rate, and pregnancy rate. Most cow operations would benefit economically by reducing the number of operational days, decreasing culling rates due to non-pregnant females, and shortening their calving interval. Several factors influence reproductive performance, but none require more visual attention than heat or estrus detection
Distribution and movement of Caenorhabditis elegans on a thermal gradient

SUMMARY To analyze thermal responses of Caenorhabditis elegans in detail, distribution of a worm population and movement of individual worms were examined on a linear, reproducible and broad temperature gradient. Assay methods were improved compared with those reported previously to ensure good motility and dispersion of worms. Well-fed, wild-type worms distributed over a wide temperature range of up to 10°C, and, within this range, worms migrated in both directions of the gradient at similar frequencies without any specific response to the growth temperature in most cases. By contrast, worms migrated down the gradient if put in a region warmer than the warm boundary of distribution. The distribution range changed depending on the growth temperature and starvation, but active avoidance of a starvation temperature was not detected. These findings contradict previous hypotheses of taxis or migration to the growth temperature in association with food and instead indicate avoidance of a warm temperature. Our results favor a model for thermal response of C. elegans that postulates a single drive based on warm sensation rather than downward and upward drives in the physiological temperature range. Mutants in ttx-3, tax-2, tax-4 or egl-4 genes showed abnormal thermal responses, suggesting that these genes are involved in warm avoidance. Laser ablation and gene expression studies suggest that AFD neurons are not important, and tax-4 expression in neurons other than AFD is required, for warm avoidance.
Reduced glenohumeral rotation, external rotation weakness and scapular dyskinesis are risk factors for shoulder injuries among elite male handball players: a prospective cohort study

Aim To determine whether rotator cuff strength, glenohumeral joint range of motion and scapular control are associated with shoulder injuries among elite male handball players. Methods A total of 206 players in the Norwegian elite handball league for men were tested prior to the 2011–2012 season. Measures included: (1) glenohumeral internal and external rotation range of motion, (2) isometric internal rotation, external rotation and abduction strength and (3) assessment of scapular dyskinesis. Players were followed prospectively for the entire regular season (30 weeks), with shoulder problems registered bi-weekly using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire. A cumulative severity score was calculated for each player based on their questionnaire responses. This was used as the outcome measure in risk factor analyses. Results The average prevalence of shoulder problems throughout the season was 28% (95% CI 25% to 31%). The prevalence of substantial shoulder problems, defined as those leading to moderate or severe reductions in handball participation or performance, or to time loss, was 12% (95% CI 11% to 13%). Significant associations were found between obvious scapular dyskinesis (OR 8.41, 95% CI 1.47 to 48.1, p<0.05), total rotational motion (OR 0.77 per 5° change, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.995, p<0.05) and external rotation strength (OR 0.71 per 10 Nm change, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.99, p<0.05) and shoulder injury. Conclusions Injury prevention programmes should incorporate interventions aimed at improving glenohumeral rotational range of motion, external rotation strength and scapular control.
Identification and measurement of indicators of drought vulnerability among wheat farmers in Mashhad County, Iran

The identification of drought vulnerability indicators is an essential step for planning about drought mitigation management. So, this study is to identify and measure drought vulnerability indicators (economic, social and technical) among wheat farmers in Mashhad County, Iran. Delphi technique was used based on experts’ concuss to determine vulnerability indicators. For measuring vulnerability formula of Me-Bar & Valdes was applied. Findings revealed that with respect to economic parameter, farmers had the highest vulnerability in indicators such as insuring crops (Pi= 2.890), land ownership type (Pi= 2.845), access to governmental and bank credits (loans) (Pi= 2.818). With respect to social parameter, farmers had the highest vulnerability in indicators such as education level (Pi= 2.970), dependency to government (Pi= 2.742) and collaborative farming activities (Pi= 2.587). Furthermore, farmers were most vulnerable in technical indicators such as irrigation method (Pi= 3.183), cultivation method (traditional/ mechanized) (Pi= 3.001) and weeds, pests and diseases control (Pi= 2.916). Totally, comparing three economic, social and technical parameters, farmers were more vulnerable in technical parameter. Results of this study may have some implication for reconsidering priority of government supporting credits allocation and planning for agricultural extension-education programs in same regions.
The Role of Information Asymmetry in FinancingEarly Stage Ventures

The objective of this thesis is to identify the effects of Information Asymmetry on the innovation funding process within the Brainport region, which is done through qualitative research. In order to reach the thesis objective, this research question was posed: “To what extent does Information Asymmetry affect the innovation funding process in the Brainport region, how can adverse selection and moral hazard be mitigated? ” It was concluded that Information Asymmetry does have its effects on the innovation funding process in the Brainport region. As my qualitative research clarifies, the investors within the Brainport region try to reduce their information gap between themselves and the entrepreneur of the start-up they want to invest in. The investors achieve this by demanding different kinds of information to make a thought-out investment decision.
Distinguishing between level and impact of rumination as predictors of depressive symptoms: An experience sampling study

Rumination—repetitively thinking about one's emotional state, its causes and consequences—exacerbates negative mood and plays an important role in the aetiology and maintenance of depression. Yet, it is unclear whether increased vulnerability to depression is associated with simply how much a person ruminates, or the short-term impact rumination has on a person's negative mood. In the current study, we distinguish between the level versus the impact of rumination, and we examine how each uniquely predicts changes in depressive symptoms over time in an undergraduate sample. Using experience sampling, we assessed students’ (N = 101) subjective experiences of positive and negative affect and their use of rumination and distraction in daily life for seven days. Participants also reported their depressive symptoms before and after the experience sampling. Increases in depressive symptoms over the week were predicted by how much people ruminated, but not by its impact on negative mood.
Coastal Sustainable Development Studies in Latvia: Integrated Local Social-Ecological Systems Governance

Importance of sustainable coastal governance also in the Baltic sea region has been widely recognised and since such governance has to have integrative nature that requires horizontal cross-sectorial integration as well as involvement of all governance levels and subsequently organisation of vertical integration among the levels. Besides some succesfull local cases around Europe, mainly special outside projects based, there is to be recognized that the municipal integrated sustainable coastal governance has not been yet neither well and widely locally developed in practice nor sufficiently researched field in order to permit necessary design of adequate policy innovations. Practical development and local realisation of the municipal integrated coastal governance often encounters obstacles of the basic nature, e.g. because there are not sufficiently understood and applied cross- and trans-disciplinary approaches – studies and governance of the coastal territories as the complex social-ecological systems (SES). For understanding the process and structure of coastal governance, application of system thinking and system dynamics methods are to be emphasized as well. The paper demonstrates adaptation of coastal nature studies based System Analysis Framework (SAF) methodology for its application to coastal governance studies and general municipal governance system adjusting and upgrading towards coastal issues, what could be seen as the new step for SAF further planned developments. As the part of the EU BONUS programme BaltCoast project, the authors performed, including main stakeholders participation elements, the issue identification step, system definition and also a conceptual model building steps of the SAF methodology application in the particular, local governance innovations rich, case study territory – Salacgriva municipality in Latvia. Coastal governance problems in Latvia are especially relevant for rural coastal municipalities with limited administrative capacities and long and low populated coastline territories. The next SAF application steps will include development of coastal governance system scenarios using a systems modelling tool and the design and testing of complementary set of governance instruments as science-policy interface, that shall support sustainable use of coastal resources in the interests of coastal nature and culture protection, and local socio-economic development. Keywords: coastal governance and resources, social-ecological system, stakeholders, system analysis framework. JEL CODES: Q, Q5, Q56, Q58 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.15181/rfds.v21i1. 1411
The influence of approach and avoidance motor actions on food intake

Two experiments explored the effect of arm positions of approach and avoidance on food intake. In Experiment 1, arm extension, an expression of avoidance behavior, led to smaller food intake than arm flexion, an expression of approach behavior. In Experiment 2, this effect was found only for a delicious drink (i.e. orange juice), but not for a neutral drink (lukewarm water). Different theoretical accounts for explaining the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can cyber risk management insurance mitigate healthcare providers’ intentions to resist electronic medical records?

ABSTRACT Purpose: A recent exploratory study investigated healthcare providers’ EMR resistance behaviors. Findings revealed that cyber-attack, was a major contributor to resistance. This phenomenon did not go unnoticed; by the end of 2016, the hospital purchased a cyber-risk management insurance policy. In this study, the same hospital is revisited to evaluate the policy’s impact on intentions to resist the EMR. The purpose of this research is to empirically test a proposed conceptual model. Using integrated concepts from the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Information Security Policy Compliance Theory, and the aggregated Revealed Causal Map (RCM) of EMR Resistance. Methodology: Survey data were gathered from 237 healthcare providers at the hospital. The relationships proposed in the conceptual model were tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings: The findings of this study indicate that having the cyber-risk insurance policy at the hospital has helped in mitigating healthcare providers’ intentions to resist the EMR system. Additionally, it confirms the qualitative findings of the RCM of EMR resistance. Originality and value: This study provides a robust conceptual and empirically tested model and validated instruments for examining impacts of having a cyber-risk management policy at the hospital on healthcare providers’ intentions to resist the EMR system.
Formal networking and performance in South Africa's ICT industry

i DECLARATION . iii DEDICATION . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Purpose of the study . 1 1.2 Background of the study . 2 1.3 South Africa’s ICT industry . 6 1.4 Problem statement . 7 1.4. 1 Main problem . 7 1.4. 2 Sub-problems . 8 1.5 Significance of the study . 9 1.6 Delimitations of the study. 10 1.7 Definition of terms . 10 1.8 Assumptions . 12 1.9 Structure and outline of the report . 12 2 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW. 14 2.
Aesthetic and Functional Outcome of Zygomatic Fractures Fixation Comparison With Resorbable Versus Titanium Plates

ObjectiveThe study compares resorbable versus titanium fixation systems for their aesthetic and functional outcome in the treatment of zygomatic fractures. MethodsTwenty-seven patients who required operative reduction and internal fixation for zygomatic fractures were studied in the period from April 2007 to March 2008. Fourteen patients who had fixation with resorbable plate/screws (group A) were compared with 13 patients fixed with titanium plates/screws (group B). The aesthetic outcome was evaluated by an overall self-satisfaction score at 2, 4, and 6 weeks and then at 6 months and 1 year postoperative interval, and the degree of displacement from computed tomographic facial bones were compared preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. The functional outcome was evaluated by a self-satisfaction scoring system and maximum mouth opening during the same time intervals. ResultsThe outcome showed that the 2 groups were matched in age, sex ratio, fracture severity, total displacement with 5 sutures, and aesthetic scores preoperatively (P > 0.05). The subjective evaluation by patients for functional satisfaction and overall satisfaction all showed lower satisfaction of absorbable group when compared to titanium group within a postoperative 4-week period, but the satisfaction was similar for both groups after 4 weeks. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups at each measured time period. Postoperative total displacement and aesthetic score demonstrated great improvement in fracture reduction and long-term stability in both groups. ConclusionThere is no significant difference in the outcome between resorbable and titanium plates/screws in fixation of zygomatic fractures. These findings together with the advantages of biodegradable fixation validate its use in fixing these fractures with minimal morbidity.
Consumer perceptions toward sugar content of fruit juice products in a developing country

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to determine consumer perceptions toward sugar content of fruit juice (FJ) products in South Africa amid the current sugar tax debate. The paper also ascertains how and if consumption patterns and socio-demographic factors are associated with consumer perceptions toward FJ sugar content. A cross-sectional study was conducted via structured self-administered questionnaires, which were disseminated on a face-to-face basis. Over 7600 consumers aged 16–66+ years in suburbs, townships, and informal settlements were surveyed in South Africa. The data were analyzed through the application of a generalized linear model. Half of the respondents agreed that FJ products were high in sugar. Furthermore, several consumption and socio-demographic factors had a varied influence on consumers’ perceptions toward FJ products. This study provides marketers and retailers with new insight regarding the marketing of FJ products in a developing country amid the sugar tax debate.
Impact of Product Innovation on Organisational Performance (A Survey of Nestle Nigeria Plc)

This study was designed to investigate the impact of product innovation on organizational performance. The data was collected from the production department, research and development department, sales department, marketing department, and quality and control department, which have been involving greatly in product innovation process. A total of 340 copies of useable questionnaires were completed.The results of the study were interpreted using SPSS package for the analysis of some appropriate statistical methods such as regression and correlation. The findings show that the impact of product innovation on organisational performance was higher in the company when consumers perceive product innovation as stronger, more favourable and more unique. Creativity/quality of the innovation process exerts a positive influence on product and organisational performance. The study has supported previous studies on product innovation and performance especially in developing economies such as Nigeria, Malaysia, Ghana, and among others. Therefore, it was recommended that creative/quality innovations should be maintained continuously to develop appropriate product continually and increase the organisational performance. Keywords: Product Innovation, Organisational Performance, Market Share, Profitability