Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A REVIEW OF THE CHEMICAL AND NUTRITIVE PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED FISH SOLUBLES

ABSTRACf This paper attempts to review some of the pertinent data available on the chemical and nutritive properties of condensed fish solubles with special reference to condensed men­ haden solubles. Information concerning other kinds of fish solubles from various published sources is tabulated for comparison. The results of three analytical and three biological studies of menhaden solubles are reported. Data show that menhaden stickwater contains an average of 4.8% protein, 93.4% water, and about 1.25% lipid. The solids are concentrated abllut seven times by vacuum evap­ oration to yield condensed solubles. Data show that this product contains about 32% protein, 49% water, and 11% fat. Additional data are presented on the content of amino acids in fish solubles, which show that the indispensable amino acid tryptophan is rel­ atively low and, on the content of essential inorganic elements which are shown to be present, generally in acceptable levels. Fish solubles are shown to be rich sources of choline, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, biotin, and vitamin B 12• An experiment with broiler chicks showed that the average metabolizable energy con­ tent of 10 samples of condensed menhaden solubles from commercial plants located along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts was 2.03 kcal/g on an "as fed" basis. Average protein and fat digestibility was 89 and 57%, respectively. Further studies with broiler chicks showed that significant unidentified growth factor responses could be obtained when 5% menhaden solubles was used in diets. A significant response was obtained even when the chicks were reared in a gnotobiotic environment. 'I'his indicates that the presence of bacteria is not necessary for solubles to produce a growth response in chicks. This review attempts to discuss some of the more pertinent recent published and unpublished data available on the chemical and nutritive proper­ ties of condensed fish solubles. For many years stickwater was considered as a waste effluent and was not used in animal feeds or in other manufacturing processes. However, with the postwar surge in production of fish meal, this by-product began to be recognized for its nu­ tritional value. In the presynthetic nutrient era, condensed fish solubles was recognized as an out­ standing source of B vitamins and minerals for poultry and swine. Later, solubles was the prin
Meniscal Allograft Transplantation in the Sheep Knee

Background Early protection of articular cartilage, before degenerative changes appear on radiographs, should result in better long-term results, but scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of meniscal transplantation is lacking. Purpose To assess the chondroprotective effects of a new meniscal allograft transplantation animal model and evaluate a magnetic resonance imaging parameter, T2 mapping, in articular cartilage after meniscectomy and meniscal transplantation. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Forty-five skeletally mature sheep were placed into 3 surgical groups lateral meniscectomy (n = 24), meniscal allograft transplant (n = 17), and sham (n = 4). Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, or 12 months. Cartilage was assessed by gross inspection, magnetic resonance imaging, T2 mapping, biomechanical testing, and semiquantitative histologic analysis. Results There were no differences between the sham operation and nonoperated control limbs. Compared with control limbs, meniscectomy resulted in significant increases in cartilage degeneration by all objective criteria (P < .01). Compared with meniscectomy, meniscal allograft transplantation resulted in significant decreases in cartilage degeneration (P < .02). There were significant correlations between T2-mapping data and all other traditional outcomes measures (P < .05, r2 = 0.37-0.67). Compared with the nonoperated control limbs, allograft transplants demonstrated no significant differences at 2 months in any category, except magnetic resonance imaging data. By 4 months, nonoperated control limbs demonstrated significantly less wear compared to allograft limbs in all categories except modified Mankin scores. Conclusion This model demonstrated significant chondroprotection compared with meniscectomy but demonstrated more cartilage wear at 4 months compared to control limbs. A high degree of allograft cell viability and vascular ingrowth was seen in allograft explants. T2 mapping may provide an accurate noninvasive measure of early cartilage degeneration after meniscectomy, as well as cartilage protection after meniscal allograft transplantation. Clinical Relevance This study establishes a reliable animal model for meniscal allograft transplantation and provides evidence for the utility of T2 mapping at clinically relevant magnetic resonance imaging field strengths for evaluation of early cartilage degeneration.
A quantitative analysis of the temporal effects on automatic text classification

Automatic text classification (TC) continues to be a relevant research topic and several TC algorithms have been proposed. However, the majority of TC algorithms assume that the underlying data distribution does not change over time. In this work, we are concerned with the challenges imposed by the temporal dynamics observed in textual data sets. We provide evidence of the existence of temporal effects in three textual data sets, reflected by variations observed over time in the class distribution, in the pairwise class similarities, and in the relationships between terms and classes. We then quantify, using a series of full factorial design experiments, the impact of these effects on four well‐known TC algorithms. We show that these temporal effects affect each analyzed data set differently and that they restrict the performance of each considered TC algorithm to different extents. The reported quantitative analyses, which are the original contributions of this article, provide valuable new insights to better understand the behavior of TC algorithms when faced with nonstatic (temporal) data distributions and highlight important requirements for the proposal of more accurate classification models.
An Introduction to Banking: Liquidity Risk and Asset-Liability Management

Basel III Liquidity Regulation and Its ImplicationsMeasuring and Managing Liquidity RiskNext Generation System-Wide Liquidity Stress TestingIntroduction to Bank Credit AnalysisBank Asset and Liability ManagementManaging Elevated RiskBank Liquidity and the Global Financial CrisisFrom Basel I to Basel III: Sequencing Implementation in Developing EconomiesManaging Systemic Banking CrisesLiquidity Ratios as Monetary Policy Tools: Some Historical Lessons for Macroprudential PolicyA Quantitative Liquidity Model for BanksInternational Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital StandardsBANKINGAn Introduction to BankingBank Liquidity Creation and Financial CrisesThe Dialectics of Liquidity CrisisBank Asset and Liability ManagementAn Introduction to BankingIntroduction to Banking 3rd Edition eBook PDFLiquidity, Markets and Trading in ActionA Practitioner's Guide to Basel III and BeyondA Simple Macroprudential Liquidity BufferBasel III Liquidity Regulations and Its ImplicationsMonetary Policy ImplementationLiquidity Risk, Efficiency and New Bank Business ModelsThe Principles of BankingIntroduction to BankingAn Alternative Approach to Liquidity Risk Management of Islamic BanksEmpirical Essays on Bank Liquidity Creation and Maturity Transformation RiskHandbook of ALM in BankingIntroduction to Central BankingA Model of the Lender of Last ResortBank Risk-Taking and Competition RevisitedRisk Management in BankingAsset-Liability and Liquidity ManagementAn Introduction to BankingThe Liquidity Risk Management GuideThe Oxford Handbook of BankingBanking Crises, Liquidity, and Credit LinesThe Changing Fortunes of Central Banking
Reverse gyrase, a hallmark of the hyperthermophilic archaebacteria

Investigation of the presence of a reverse gyrase-like activity in archaebacteria revealed wide distribution of this activity in hyperthermophilic species, including methanogens and sulfur-dependent organisms. In contrast, no reverse gyrase activity was detected in mesophilic and moderately thermophilic organisms, which exhibited only an ATP-independent activity of DNA relaxation. These results suggest that the presence of reverse gyrase in archaebacteria is tightly linked to the high growth temperatures of these organisms. With respect to antigenic properties, the enzyme appeared similar among members of the genus Sulfolobus. In contrast, no close antigenic relatedness was found between the reverse gyrase of members of the order Sulfolobales and that of the other hyperthermophilic organisms.
Interpretation of the reactivity of peroxidase compound II with phenols and anilines using the Marcus equation

Abstract The catalytic cycle of heme peroxidases involves three processes: the formation of compound I, its conversion to compound II and regeneration of the native enzyme. Each of the processes consists of a reversible binding stage followed by an irreversible transformation stage. Our group has proposed a continuous, sensitive and reliable chronometric method for measuring the steady-state rate of peroxidase activity. Furthermore, we have derived an analytical expression for the steady-state rate and simplified it, taking into consideration the experimental values of the rate constants of some stages previously determined by other authors in stopped-flow assays. We determined the value of the constant for the transformation of a series of phenols and anilines by compound II, and found that it involves a deprotonation step and an electron transfer step. Study of the solvent deuterium isotope effect on the oxidation of phenol revealed the non-rate-limiting character of the deprotonation step in a proton inventory study. Usage of the Marcus equation showed that the electronic transfer step is rate-limiting in both cases, while phenols and anilines were oxidised at different rates for the same potentials. This can be attributed to the shorter electron-tunnelling distance for electron transfer to the iron ion in the phenols than in the anilines.
Tunneling in China: The Surprisingly Pervasive Use of Corporate Loans to Extract Funds from Chinese Listed Companies

This study documents the widespread use of corporate loans by controlling shareholders to extract funds from Chinese listed companies. Typically reported as Other Receivables (OREC), these loans represent a substantial portion of the reported assets of Chinese firms. We show that companies with large OREC balances experience worse future operating performance and are much more likely to become candidates for delisting. High-OREC firms have generally lower market valuations, but still earn negative risk-adjusted returns in the future. Consistent with prior studies, this form of tunneling is most severe when the block shareholder's controlling right (C) is significantly larger than her ownership right (O). Auditors appear to play a monitoring role, but absent effective regulatory enforcement action, unclean audit opinions alone seem insufficient to deter tunneling behavior.
Lymphatic mapping and focused analysis of sentinel lymph nodes upstage gastrointestinal neoplasms.

BACKGROUND Lymph node analysis is essential for staging gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms. Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy were originally described for melanoma but have not yet been investigated for most GI neoplasms. HYPOTHESES (1) Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy is feasible in GI neoplasms, (2) the sentinel node (SN) status reflects the regional node status, and (3) focused analysis of the SN improves staging accuracy. DESIGN Prospective patient series. PATIENTS AND METHODS Lymphatic mapping was performed in 65 patients with GI neoplasms by injecting 0.5 to 1 mL of isosulfan blue dye around the periphery of the neoplasm. Blue-stained SNs were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, multiple sectioning, and cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Lymphatic mapping identified at least 1 SN in 62 patients (95%). Of the 36 cases with nodal metastasis, 32 (89%) had at least 1 positive SN and 15 (42%) had nodal metastasis only in the SN. In 11 cases, tumor deposits were identified by multiple sectioning (n = 2) or immunohistochemistry (n = 9) only. In 5 cases (8%), lymphatic mapping identified aberrant lymphatic drainage that altered the extent of the lymphadenectomy. CONCLUSIONS Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy are feasible in GI neoplasms and identify aberrant lymphatic drainage. The SN status accurately reflects the regional node status. Focused analysis of the SN increases the detection of micrometastases and may improve selection of patients for adjuvant treatment.
Effective Internal Audits: How to Plan and Implement

Part 1 Introduction: an introduction to audit planning professional requirements for effective planning. Part 2 Strategic planning: long term planning for the development of a service function long term planning for the development of a professional practice such as a firm of public accountants long term planning for the development of an internal audit function implementing long term plans. Part 3 Tactical planning: evaluating future assignments - in the professional practice conducting an audit needs assessment evaluating future audit assignments - in the internal auditing function implementing tactical plans. Part 4 Operational planning: identifying work priorities allowing for exposure and risk in determining audit priorities planning to achieve comprehensive coverage without overlap. Part 5 Advanced planning: integrating strategic, tactical and operational plans applying these planning tools to business activities other than audit.
Corporate social responsibility: does inventory management matter?

Although the importance of both inventory management and social responsibility is well acknowledged in the literature related to supply chain management, studies that investigate the relationship between social responsibility and inventory management are rare. Consequently, this study took a step toward filling this knowledge gap by providing empirical evidence regarding the impact of inventory management on corporate social responsibility. The study also adds to literature by conducting research on a sample of listed firms from Egypt as a developing country, where much of the existing evidence reflects experience from developed countries. Econometric analysis demonstrated that the null hypothesis of no impact of inventory management on corporate social responsibility can be rejected. Rather, the findings provided strong evidence that inventory management positively affects corporate social responsibility. This conclusion was robust to the inclusion of a wide range of control variables and the use of more than one estimation model.
Anthelmintic efficacy of Achillea millifolium against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: in vitro and in vivo studies

Abstract Achillea millifolium Linn. , commonly called ‘Pehl-ghasa’, is used by farmers in traditional animal health care as a vermifuge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of crude aqueous extracts and crude ethanolic extracts of entire A. millifolium against the gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. The worm motility inhibition assay was used for in vitro studies and faecal egg count reduction assay was used for in vivo studies. In vitro studies revealed significant anthelmintic effects of aqueous extracts and ethanolic extracts on live Haemonchus contortus worms (P < 0.05) as evident from their paralysis and/or death at 8 h post exposure. Aqueous extracts of A. millifolium resulted in a mean worm motility inhibition of 94.44%, while ethanolic extracts resulted in mean worm motility inhibition of 88.88%. The mean mortality index of aqueous extracts was 0.95 while for ethanolic extracts it was 0.9. The lethal concentration 50 was 0.05 mg ml− 1 for aqueous extracts and 0.11 mg ml− 1 for ethanolic extracts. The in vivo anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. millifolium demonstrated a maximum (88.40%) nematode egg count reduction in sheep treated with aqueous extracts at 2 g kg− 1 body weight on day 15 after treatment. Ethanolic extracts resulted in a maximum of 76.53% reduction in faecal egg counts on day 15 after treatment with 2 g kg− 1 body weight. Thus, the aqueous extracts exhibited greater anthelmintic activity under both in vitro and in vivo conditions, and could be due to the presence of water-soluble active principle/s in A. millifolium. It is concluded that the entire plant of A. millifolium possesses significant anthelmintic activity and could be a potential alternative for treating cases of helminth infections in ruminants.
Technology Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): The Case of the Republic of Korea

This thesis investigates conditions under which the activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs) impact upon innovation performance in host-country firms. Three specific sub-questions are addressed: 1) Do MNE subsidiary characteristics influence FDI spillovers on host-country firms? 2) Does the external technological environment in individual industries influence spillover effects? 3) Do such technology spillovers follow a linear relation with the scale of FDI? Individual empirical analyses, using firm-level data extracted from two waves (2002 and 2005) of the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) in the Republic of Korea (South Korea), are used to examine these questions. The first finding is that FDI spillovers vary depending on the subsidiary? s heterogeneous role. In this regard, we build on recent theoretical contributions made by the network-based view of MNEs, distinguishing heterogeneous subsidiary roles into either competence-creating (CC) or competence-exploiting (CE). Our results show that CC subsidiaries generate negative horizontal and positive backward spillovers, but no forward spillovers. Against this, CE subsidiaries generate positive horizontal and forward spillovers and negative backward spillovers. The second finding concerns the moderating role assumed by the type of business environment in the host country during foreign entry, especially in terms of environment velocity. We build on strategic management literature that the behaviour and performance of a firm is influenced by environment velocity, finding that environment velocity affects backward (negatively) and forward spillovers (positively), but not horizontal spillovers.The third finding concerns non-linear (linear) impacts of FDI spillover across different scales of FDI in a sector, building on existing studies predicting a changing marginal effect of horizontal spillovers. We took this a step further by comparing horizontal spillovers on local rivals and vertical spillovers on local partners, either suppliers or clients.The key contributions are two-fold: firstly, this thesis proposes revising implicit assumptions in the extant literature by identifying conditions of FDI spillovers concerning subsidiary heterogeneity and business environment type, and also by confirming the non-linear effect of horizontal and backward FDI spillovers. Secondly, it provides a glimpse of FDI spillovers in a technologically capable host country in East Asia. The findings stress various implications, including the usefulness of international business theories for assessing the role of MNE activities in host economies.
Gender-Based Differences in Substrate Use During Exercise at a Self-Selected Pace

Dasilva, SG, Guidetti, L, Buzzachera, CF, Elsangedy, HM, Krinski, K, De Campos, W, Goss, FL, and Baldari, C. Gender-based differences in substrate use during exercise at a self-selected pace. J Strength Cond Res 25(9): 2544-2551, 2011—The aim of this study was to investigate gender-based differences in substrate use during exercise at a self-selected pace. Seventeen men and 17 women performed a maximal exercise test and a 20-minute bout of self-paced treadmill walking to determine carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates. Gas exchange measurements were performed throughout the tests, and stoichiometric equations were used to calculate substrate oxidation rates. For each individual, a best-fit polynomial curve was constructed using fat oxidation rate (g·min−1) vs. exercise intensity (percentage of maximal oxygen uptake, % &OV0312;o2max). Each individual curve was used to obtain the following variables: maximal fat oxidation (MFO), the peak rate of fat oxidation measured over the entire range of exercise intensities; fatmax, the exercise intensity at which the MFO was observed; and fatmax zone, range of exercise intensities with fat oxidation rates within 10% of fat oxidation rates at fatmax. Although the MFO was similar between genders, fatmax was lower in men than in women. Similarly, the “low” and “high” borders of the fatmax zone were lower in men than in women. During exercise at a self-selected pace, carbohydrate oxidation rates were greater in men than in women, despite no gender-based differences in fat oxidation rates. However, fat oxidation contribution to total energy expenditure (EE) was greater in women than in men, despite no gender-based differences in the exercise intensity. In conclusion, although both genders self-selected a similar exercise intensity, the contribution of fat oxidation to EE is greater in women than in men. Interestingly, both genders self-selected an exercise intensity that falls within the fatmax zone.
MRI-based finite element modeling of facial mimics: a case study on the paired zygomaticus major muscles

Abstract Finite element simulation of facial mimics provides objective indicators about soft tissue functions for improving diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of facial disorders. There is a lack of in vivo experimental data for model development and validation. In this study, the contribution of the paired Zygomaticus Major (ZM) muscle contraction on the facial mimics was investigated using in vivo experimental data derived from MRI. Maximal relative differences of 7.7% and 37% were noted between MRI-based measurements and numerical outcomes for ZM and skin deformation behaviors respectively. This study opens a new direction to simulate facial mimics with in vivo data.
Ownership structure, financial structure and R&D investments: Evidence from Korean firms

Understanding factors that can enhance a firm‟s innovativeness is of critical concern in management research. Prior studies in strategy and financial economics have advanced our understanding of how resource allocation into innovation is shaped in a firm, mainly from the perspectives of ownership and financial structures. However, the extant literature is incomplete, because it treats ownership and financial structures as separate determinants, even though theoretical arguments and empirical evidences suggest that they are interdependent. This study investigates the determinants of firm‟s R&D investments by bridging ownership and financial structures. Ownerships held by inside and external owners are considered for ownership structure, while financial slack and leverage ratio are considered for financial structures. Exploiting simultaneous equation modeling technique and data sample of Korean firms, I found the direct and indirect effects of different types of ownership on R&D investments. Different from previous studies, this paper showed that financial factors such as financial slack and leverage ratio that were used to be considered as determinants of R&D investments are just mediators through which ownership structure affects firm‟s strategic decision indirectly.