Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH AND REVIEWS: JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Opportunistic Intestinal Parasites in HIV Infected Individuals and Its Correlation with the CD4 Counts.

The association between intestinal parasitic infections and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is well documented. These infections are often correlated with the CD4+T cell counts of the individuals. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in HIV seropositive patients was compared with CD4 counts 500 cells/µl. During one and a half years period, a total of 220 HIV seropositive patients were included in the study. One hundred and nineteen HIV seropositive patients were with CD4 counts 500 cells/µl. The stool samples from these patients were examined for enteric parasites using saline and iodine mounts. Modified Z-N staining was carried out for enteric coccidian parasites and Modified trichrome stain for the microsporidia. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 41.36%. Enteric parasitic infections with CD4 counts 500 cells/µl included E.histolytica 10.71% and Cryptosposidium spp. 17.86%. Microsporidia were only present in those patients having CD4 counts <200 cells/µl. Continuous monitoring of CD4 counts in HIV seropositive patients is necessary to look for intestinal parasites in stool samples of these patients.
Tonic accommodation: a review. II. Accommodative adaptation and clinical aspects

Part I of this review considered basic aspects of tonic accommodation (TA). i.e. the accommodative response observed under degraded stimulus conditions. Part II considers accommodative adaptation, i.e. the apparent change in TA following periods of sustained fixation, and clinical aspects of both baseline TA and accommodative adaptation. It is suggested that the apparent post‐task shift in TA reflects the slow rate of decay of the stimulus‐mediated adaptive accommodative response, while the actual level of tonic innervation to the ciliary muscle remains relatively constant. The clinical implications of both TA and accommodative adaptation are discussed with regard to night, space and instrument myopia and refractive error development, notably nearwork‐induced myopia. It is concluded that the evidence for any association between this form of myopia and either TA or accommodative adaptation is equivocal, and furthermore it seems likely that TA plays only a minor role in influencing the closed‐loop steady‐state accommodative response.
Molecular epidemiology of human rotavirus infection in children in Hong Kong

Rotavirus was identified in 256 (28.5%) of 899 hospitalized children with diarrhea during a 12-month period in Hong Kong. Fourteen electropherotypes were identified, and the appearance of each occurred in a sequential manner during the study period. One patient was shown to be mixedly infected with two prevalent electropherotypes. Sequential stool specimens from another case showed the appearance of an extra RNA band during the course of the diarrheal episode.
Influence of prior ventilatory experience on the estimation of breathlessness during exercise.

1. The intensity of breathlessness was measured during exercise in nine normal subjects using a modified Borg scale to examine the effect of prior experience of breathlessness on subsequent estimates of breathlessness. 2. Each subject performed four exercise tests, each of which consisted of two identical runs of workload incrementation (run 1 and run 2). An inspiratory resistive load of 3.8 cmH2O s-1 l-1 was applied during the appropriate run of the exercise test to examine the effect of (a) prior experience of 'loaded' breathing on breathlessness estimation during 'unloaded' breathing, and (b) prior experience of 'unloaded' breathing on breathlessness estimation during 'loaded' breathing. Run 1 was the conditioning run: run 2 was the run in which the effect of conditioning was measured. 3. There was a good correlation between breathlessness and minute ventilation during both 'unloaded' breathing (median r = 0.93) and 'loaded' breathing (median r = 0.95). 4. The slope of the Borg score/minute ventilation relationship was greater during 'loaded' breathing than during 'unloaded' breathing (P less than 0.01). There was no difference in mean Borg score between 'unloaded' and 'loaded' breathing. 5. After a period of 'loaded' breathing during run 1, estimated breathlessness was significantly reduced during ensuing 'unloaded' breathing in run 2 (P less than 0.01) compared with the exercise test in which 'unloaded' breathing was experienced throughout both run 1 and run 2. 6. After a period of 'unloaded' breathing in run 1, estimated breathlessness was significantly increased during ensuing 'loaded' breathing in run 2 (P less than 0.01) compared with the exercise test in which the inspiratory load had already been experienced in run 1. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Familial Mediterranean Fever Related Spondyloarthritis

DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.3083 Received: 14.11. 2014 Accepted: 09.12. 2014 Printed: 01.04. 2014 J Clin Anal Med 2014;5(suppl 2): 191-3 Corresponding Author: Pınar Eroğlu, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye. GSM: +905055670317 E-Mail: pinarkucukeroglu@yahoo.com. tr Özet Ailesel Akdeniz Ateşi (AAA) febril serozit atakları ile karakterize bir otozomal resesif hastalıktır. En sık görülen semptom abdominal ve ikincisi artiküler ataktır. Eklem tutulumu genellikle alt ekstremitelerde akut monoartrit ve kronik monooligoartrit olarak görülmektedir. AAA olan hastalarda spondiloartrit nadiren görülmektedir. Burada biz seronegative spondiloartrit ilişkili AAA olan bir vakayı sunuyoruz.
Utilisation d'informations géométriques pour l'analyse statistique des données d'IRM fonctionnelle. (ntroduction of geometrical features for the statistical analysis of functional MRI data)

L'imagerie par resonance magnetique fonctionnelle (IRMf) est une modalite recente permettant de mesurer in vivo l'activite neuronale chez le sujet sain ou le patient et d'etudier le lien entre la structure et la fonction cerebrale. Nous nous sommes interesses a l'utilisation de l'information de l'anatomie cerebrale pour l'analyse des donnees fonctionnelles. Ainsi, nous avons reconsidere l'analyse classique typiquement realisee voxel par voxel avec lissage spatial pour proposer un modele de representation des donnees reposant sur une parcellisation anatomo-fonctionnelle du cortex. Cette representation permet de reduire la dimension des donnees en un nombre restreint d'elements pertinents du point de vue des neurosciences. Nous presentons des exemples d'utilisation de cette approche de parcellisation fondee sur l'anatomie seulement dans un premier temps. Une etude de detection d'activations par modele lineaire met en evidence une sensibilite accrue comparee a une approche voxel par voxel. Nous presentons egalement deux autres applications utilisant des parcellisations, concernant la selection de modele regional et les etudes de connectivite fonctionnelle. Cette description permet en outre de proposer une solution au probleme de l'analyse d'un groupe de sujets qui peuvent presenter une forte variabilite anatomique et fonctionnelle. Pour s'affranchir du delicat probleme de mise en correspondance des differents sujets, nous avons presente une parcellisation regroupant entre les sujets les regions homogenes du point de vue a la fois anatomique et fonctionnel. L'application de cette methode sur un protocole fonctionnel montre sa robustesse pour les analyses multi-sujets.
Vaccines against Coxiellosis and Q Fever Development of a Chloroform:Methanol Residue Subunit of Phase I Coxiella burnetii for the Immunization of Animals

We have demonstrated the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the WC and CMR vaccines in guinea pigs. Vaccination of guinea pigs with either WC or CMR protects animals against challenge with virulent C. burnetii. A total of 2 micrograms of either WC or CMR vaccine was a significant priming dose. A total of 20 micrograms gave complete protection against lethal challenge. Detection of antibodies to phase II cells by microaglutination, after vaccination with either WC or CMR and before lethal challenge, correlated with the ability of guinea pigs to mount a protective immune response. The PD50 values for WC and CMR vaccines, administered as a single dose, were 0.3 and 1.4 micrograms per animal, respectively. In contrast, the PD50 values for the WC and CMR vaccines, administered as two doses, were 0.83 and 0.72 micrograms per animal, respectively. Although the PD50 values for the two vaccines are similar, the CMR vaccine is preferred over the WC vaccine because it induces significantly fewer adverse reactions, and repeat injections can be given. Unvaccinated guinea pigs do not clear infectious microorganisms after challenge infection. Vaccination before challenge infection reduces the infectious load of C. burnetti in the blood and in various organs of the animals. When vaccinated animals were challenge infected and treated with rifampicin, the microorganisms were not eliminated from various organs. However, the combination of vaccination, challenge, and rifampicin treatment is effective in reducing the number of infectious microorganisms in some of these sites. We have demonstrated the safety and immunogenicity of the CMR vaccine in sheep and goats. Animals that were seropositive for one or more antigens developed significant levels of antibodies to alternate antigens, but no adverse reactions were observed at the site of s.c. injection of the CMR vaccine. This demonstrates that seropositive animals can be successfully immunized with this vaccine. These results also indicate that a long-term vaccination program using the CMR vaccine has the potential for producing animals with significant antibody titers to C. burnetii and perhaps lifelong immunity. The goal of a Q fever vaccination program is to produce immunized animals that are able to clear completely the infectious microorganisms. The appropriate vaccination schedule to render adult animals and their offspring "Q fever-free" should now be thoroughly investigated.
The laboratory biology of the sand fly Lutzomyia anthophora (Diptera: Psychodidae).

Laboratory investigations on the biology of the sand fly Lutzomyia anthophora are presented with data on the following: development rates for immatures at 20, 24, 28, and 32 °C, adult longevity, the effect of sugar feeding, fecundity, mating, and feeding behavior. Results are based on 15 generations of L. anthophora reared in the laboratory.
Response to: ‘What should we tell medical students and residents about euthanasia and assisted suicide?’

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 47(3) response to terminating the offending agent. While initial studies suggested an incidence of EPSE equivalent to that for subjects on placebo an increasing body of evidence suggests that these risks may be substantially higher (Hall et al., 2009). While aripiprazole appears to have reactivated tardive dyskinesia in this case, there is a growing body of other evidence that suggests aripiprazole itself can induce tardive dyskinesia (Peña, 2011). This case contributes to the accruing evidence that supportsthe conclusion that atypical antipsy chotic medications, including aripiprazole, can cause tardive dyskinesia. Clini cians can ill afford to relax their vigilance in monitoring clients for the emergence of movement disorders, even when they are being prescribed agents such as aripiprazole, that have been marketed as being relatively benign with regard to EPSE. This is especially important as most patients with tardive dyskinesia may be unaware of their abnormal movements, and are therefore unlikely to point these out themselves until they have become quite obvious. Although in our case the movement disorder remitted spontaneously, tardive dyskinesia can often be difficult to treat and contribute significantly to social stigma.
Reproductive hormonal responses to maximal exercise in endurance-trained men with low resting testosterone levels.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the changes from rest and in response to a maximal exercise bout for select reproductive hormones between age matched groups of endurance trained (ET; distance runners) men with low resting testosterone and untrained (UT) men. Both ET and UT men completed two evaluation sessions: (a) resting hormonal profiling, and (b) a maximal treadmill exercise test to exhaustion. Serial blood samples were taken for four hours at each of the evaluation sessions. Resting and exercise hormonal concentrations were plotted and the area under the response curve (AUC) measured. Percentage change in AUC values were also calculated and compared (exercise vs. resting AUC values). Resting testosterone (16.6 +/- 2.4 vs. 23.9 +/- 3.1 nmol x 1(-1)) and prolactin (3.3 +/- 1.4 vs. 6.0 +/- 2.0 micrograms x 1(-1)) concentrations in the ET men were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in the UT men. All other resting hormonal levels did not differ between the groups (p > 0.05). Exercise produced a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the ET men for testosterone, LH, and prolactin AUC values, when compared to resting values. In the UT men the only significant change was a reduction (p < 0.05) in the exercise LH AUC versus the resting AUC value. AUC percentage change values showed between-group differences (p < 0.05) for testosterone, LH and prolactin. The level of change in each of these hormones was found to be greater in the ET than UT group (approximately 20 to 75%). The hormonal changes of the UT men were viewed as "control--reference" responses within a functioning hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular regulatory axis; therefore, it was concluded that the ET men displayed an "atypical" response to exercise to that of UT men relative to this axis.
Update on the status of Lyme borreliosis in British Columbia, Canada.

Clinical Infectious Diseases 1995;21:704 ? 1995 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1058-4838/95/2103 -0050$02.00 feri. Furthermore, all isolates were also positive for the OspA gene by PCR. DNA sequences for the 16S rRNA gene for 16 axenic cultures matched those of B. burgdorferi sequences stored in GenBank (Bethesda, MD). These results were validated by Dr. John F. Anderson (The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut) and Dr. Steve Sviat (Zoonosis Branch, Division of Vector-Bore Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], Ft. Collins, Colorado). The B. burgdorferi isolates from British Columbia have been deposited in the culture collection at the CDC in Ft. Collins. The PAGEprotein profile and DNA sequence for the 16S rRNA gene of one isolate, which was possibly a mutant or a new species, differed markedly from those of B. burgdorferi. Lyme borreliosis has been made a reportable disease in British Columbia.
Economy is not sacrificed in ultramarathon runners.

to the editor: It was recently ([8][1]) stated that several factors might explain that ultramarathon performance would rely to a higher fraction of Vo2max (F) sustained at the expense of running energy cost (Cr) compared with shorter distances. So the “sacrificed” economy would be lower in
Solid Gastric Emptying after Highly Selective Vagotomy and Pyloroplasty in Patients with Obstructing Duodenal Ulcer

Before being superseded by medical management, highly selective vagotomy (HSV) without drainage was the procedure of choice for uncomplicated duodenal ulcer. It is also justified for complications, including perforation and bleeding in selected cases. This prospective study evaluated the effects of HSV plus drainage on solid gastric emptying in 20 patients with chronic duodenal ulcer and pyloric stenosis. Patients were treated with HSV plus pyloroplasty (Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty in five patients, Finney pyloroplasty in six patients and Jaboulay gastroduodenostomy in nine patients) and underwent solid-phase gastric emptying scintigraphic studies pre-operatively and 2 months and 6 months post-operatively. Results were compared with those from 10 controls. No significant differences were observed between the different types of pyloroplasty, although emptying was slightly faster in the gastroduodenostomy group. Gastric emptying returned to normal by 6 months post-operatively. In conclusion, HSV plus pyloroplasty is effective and can be used for the relief of stenosis in selected cases of duodenal ulcer.
Long‐Term Pulmonary Sequelae in Low Birthweight Infants with and without Respiratory Distress Syndrome

T h e survival rate of low birthweight (LBW) infants is steadily increasing. T h e majority of children w h o survive idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) appear t o have normal pulmonary function when they are old enough to be tested reliably ( l ) , and there are only a few reports of low birthweight per se affecting pulmonary function at early school age (2, 3, 4). Increased non-specific airway responsiveness at school age has been described in rather small groups of prematurely born children (4, 5 ) but not in cohorts. The aim here was t o re-evaluate the long-term effects of low birthweight on pulmonary function tests and its relationship t o the prevalence of non-specific airway hyperreactivity.
Body image and prosthesis satisfaction in the lower limb amputee

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between prosthesis satisfaction and body image in lower limb prosthesis users, and the gendered variations within these relationships. Method: A total of 44 valid responses were obtained to an internet survey regarding prosthesis satisfaction, body image and phantom pain. Spearman Rho correlations were calculated for these three domains. Results: Moderate to high negative correlations were observed between body image disturbance and prosthesis satisfaction. These were consistent across genders. Other relationships were also revealed, including positive correlations between prosthesis satisfaction with hours of use and negative correlations between prosthesis satisfaction and pain experience, although strong differences between genders were observed for these. The length of time for which respondents had had their prosthesis bore little relation to other variables. Conclusion: The present research is instructive of the close relationship between body image and prosthesis satisfaction, as well as gender variations in these relationships, in lower-limb prosthesis users. These findings have implications for targeted service provision in prosthetic rehabilitation.
Using Wavelet Transform for Speed Fluctuation Analysis During Manikin Carry with Fins

Background : Wavelet analysis has been used to locate speed variation changes in swimmers, but this elaborated technique was not so far tested in lifesavers carrying a manikin and using one upper limb and fins for propulsion. Objective : Our purpose was to examine the feasibility of using the wavelet analysis to locate time-points of speed variation changes in a manikin carry lifesaving race using stiff and fiber fins. Method : Fourteen male lifesavers with a mean age of 20.79±4.93 years performed two 25 m all-out manikin carry swimming races using one upper limb and stiff or fiber fins for propulsion. Speed was recorded with a speedometer and its variation was analysed using a wavelet transform analysis. Video recordings were used to measure stroke rate and stroke length within each race. Results : Wavelet analysis detected, for some lifesavers, one (stiff: 10.50±1.29 vs. fiber: 9.75±0.50 s; p>0.05) and, for other lifesavers, two time-points (stiff: 6.75±0.96 and 11.50±1.29; fiber: 7.00±1.41 and 12.00±1.83 s; p>0.05) of speed variation changes. Mean speed was no different with fin types (stiff: 1.38±0.06 vs. fiber: 1.42±0.09 m∙s-1; p>0.05), as well as average, maximum and minimum speed. Stroke rate, stroke length and stroke index did not change within each race. Conclusion : Wavelet analysis was effective in detecting one and two time-points of speed variation changes within a short duration manikin carry race independently of the type of fins used. Fiber and stiff fins showed similar biomechanical and speed variations within race changes.
What's in a name? An experimental study of patients' views of the impact and function of a diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine patients' views about the relative impact and function of lay and medical diagnoses for stomach and throat problems. METHODS A questionnaire survey was carried out among 900 consecutive patients attending nine general practices across England. A total of 740 questionnaires were completed (response rate: 82.2%). Each participant rated a series of statements describing the impact upon the patient and the function for the doctor following both a stomach and a throat problem case scenario involving either a lay (stomach upset/sore throat) or medical (gastroenteritis/tonsillitis) label. RESULTS The results showed consistent differences between the lay and medical labels for both stomach and throat problems in terms of their impact upon the patient and their function for the doctor. In particular, the medical labels were rated as beneficial for the patient in terms of validating the sick role and improving their confidence in the doctor. In contrast, the lay labels resulted in a greater sense of ownership of the problem which could be associated with unwanted responsibility and blame. In addition, the medical labels were seen to provide the doctor with a greater sense of professionalism, as giving them a clearer role in the consultation and to imply less blame on the part of the patient. 'Stomach upset' was also seen as a more pragmatic label than 'gastroenteritis'. CONCLUSION Although much current prescriptive literature in general practice advocates the use of lay language in the consultation as a means to promote better doctor-patient partnerships, the issue of diagnosis is more complex than this. Patients attribute greater benefits to the use of medical labels for themselves and state that such medical labels are of greater benefit to the doctor.
1 Bone Mineral Quality

The main function of bone is to promote locomotion and protection of vital organs. Bone is also an important mineral ions reservoir, essential to maintain phosphocalcic homeostasis. Bone mineral is a calcium phosphate named “apatite”, which form naturally in the Earth’s crust (Wopenka & Pasteris 2005). Compared to others minerals, apatite is more “tolerant” and is very accommodating to chemical substitutions. This ability to easily absorb ions confers to bone a detoxification property, with some ions normally absent of bone and which are captured by bone mineral. But the substitutions in bone mineral change the structure of apatite, conferring to bone several properties such as solubility, morphology, hardness, strain etc. Thanks to those remarkable properties, bone has the ability to continually adapt to changes to its mechanical environment (Bouxsein 2005). Bone is an anisotropic composite material tissue, and highly hierarchical viscoelastic (Bouxsein 2005). When a load is applied to bone, this produces energy, and as this energy can not be destroy, the bone has to absorbed it (Seeman & Delmas 2006). The elastic properties of bone allow to absorb this energy by deforming reversibly. But if the load exceeds the ability of the bone to carry this load, it can deform permanently by plastic deformation (Fig.1). This produces microcracks allowing
Calcium requirement for activation of intact aortic smooth muscle

1. Elevation of [K+]e induced a contraction of rabbit aorta. If 10 m M‐La3+ was applied to rabbit aortae prior to [K+]e elevation no contraction occurred. When 10 m M‐La3+ was applied simultaneously with, or at short time periods after, elevation of [K+]e graded contractions were obtained whose magnitudes were higher if La3+ was added at a later stage.