Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of schools principals through distributed leadership: case study of two public spanish schools

Experience has shown that the attitude of the person assuming the management functions in the school is a key and decisive element in the quality of the change processes in the school. Of these ideas is born, the concept of (DL). METHOD. The research design as a qualitative study by a case study. The main objective is to understand the four dimensions of DL and the actions of the Principal through representative cases of two public schools. The techniques used to collect information were documentary analysis, questionnaires, in-depth structured interviews, and observation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The results found are very broad and correspond to the two schools. This research presents the results of the LD, which refers to the responses given by two Principals, of the four dimensions (DL Practices, Shared Decisions, Mission, Vision and Professional Development). The conclusions are extensive and will be explained in the development of communication. Key-words: Dimensions of distributed leadership; Case study; Distributed leadership; Spanish schools, Principals.
Urine NGAL is useful in the clinical evaluation of renal function in the early course of acute pancreatitis.

INTRODUCTION Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a serious early complications in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) that signifcantly increases mortality rates compared to patients without AKI. The early diagnosis of AKI during its treatable phases and implementation of appropriate treatment protocols can improve outcomes for this group of patients. A promising biomarker for AKI is neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). AIM This study evaluated the diagnostic value of NGAL concentrations in serum and in urine for patients developing AKI as an early complication of AP compared to AP patients without AKI. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group composed of 65 patients (34 men and 31 women) with a mean age of 62.2 ± 16 years with AP and hospitalized in the Surgery Department of the Direct Hospital in Sucha Beskidzka, Poland between January and December 2014. Serum NGAL (sNGAL) levels were measured with the BioVendor ELISA kit, and urine NGAL (uNGAL) with the Abbott ARCHITECT Analyzer. RESULTS In the early phase of AP, 11 patients (17%) developed AKI, including 10 patients with stage 1 and one with stage 2. AKI was associated with more severe AP, higher BISAP scores, the need for more intensive treatment, longer hospital stays and higher mortality. Both serum and urine NGAL concentrations were signifcantly higher in patients with AKI throughout the study and signifcantly predicted AKI in simple and multiple logistic regression adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities. Serum and urine NGAL concentrations were signifcantly correlated with levels of serum urea, creatinine, urine albumin, and the maximum change in serum creatinine. Serum and urine NGAL levels also correlated positively with direct neutrophil counts and CRP concentrations throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of NGAL levels, particularly in urine, is simple, easy to interpret, routinely available, and clinically useful in the assessment of dynamic changes in kidney function for patients with AP.
Self-administered questionnaire compared with interview to assess past-year physical activity.

PURPOSE The Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ) is a physical activity questionnaire shown to be both valid and reliable and was initially designed to be interviewer-administered. After translation and adaptation into French, the objective of the study was to compare past-year physical activity data obtained by self-administration of this questionnaire and by interviewer-administration. METHODS 84 subjects (22 men, 62 women, age 36-63 yr) enrolled in an ongoing prospective study in France (the SUpplementation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants or SU.VI.MAX study) completed both versions of the questionnaire in a randomized order with a mean (SD) delay of 7.9 (5.8) d between the two modes. Past-year leisure and occupational physical activity were expressed as both h x wk(-1) and MET-h x wk(-1) of activity, and television watching was expressed as h x d(-1). Analysis of variance on ranks was used to compare activity variables obtained by self-administration and interview. Agreement was assessed by nonparametric intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS A significant effect of the mode of administration was found only for past-year leisure physical activity with lower values reported in self-administered conditions compared with interview. However, a high level of concordance between the two modes of administration was observed for all variables as shown by the intraclass correlation coefficients: 0.90 for leisure physical activity (h x wk(-1)), 0.82 for occupational activity (h x wk(-1)), 0.83 for total (leisure and occupational combined) physical activity (h x wk(-1)), and 0.97 for television viewing (h x d(-1)). CONCLUSIONS The agreement between the two modes of administration of the questionnaire suggests that the self-administered version of the MAQ is a valuable tool to assess past-year physical activity and inactivity in self-administered conditions. This instrument could be used in large-scale population studies investigating the relationships between physical activity and health outcomes.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with chimeric monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Twenty patients with active RA were treated with 20 mg/kg of anti-TNF alpha in an open phase I/II trial lasting 8 weeks. RESULTS The treatment was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events. Significant improvements were seen in the Ritchie Articular Index, which fell from a median of 28 at study entry to a median of 6 by week 6 (P < 0.001), the swollen joint count, which fell from 18 to 5 (P < 0.001) over the same period, and in the other major clinical assessments. Serum C-reactive protein levels fell from a median of 39.5 mg/liter at study entry to 8 mg/liter at week 6 (P < 0.001), and significant decreases were also seen in serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 levels. CONCLUSION Treatment with anti-TNF alpha was safe and well tolerated and resulted in significant clinical and laboratory improvements. These preliminary results support the hypothesis that TNF alpha is an important regulator in RA, and suggest that it may be a useful new therapeutic target in this disease.
Prospective study of clinical predictors of suicidal acts after a major depressive episode in patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE The authors investigated the predictive potential of a stress-diathesis model for suicidal behavior based on correlates of past suicidal acts. In this model, suicidal acts are precipitated by stressors such as life events or a major depressive episode in the setting of a propensity for acting on suicidal urges. This diathesis is expressed as the tendency to develop more pessimism in response to a stressor and/or the presence of aggressive/impulsive traits. The predictive potential of the diathesis was tested by determining whether clinical correlates of past suicidal behavior predict suicidal acts during a 2-year follow-up of patients with a major depressive episode. METHOD Patients with DSM-III-R major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder (N=308) were assessed at presentation for treatment of a major depressive episode. Potential predictors of suicidal acts in the 2 years after study enrollment were identified on the basis of an association with previous suicidal behavior and were tested by using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. In addition, pessimism and aggression/impulsivity factors were generated, and their predictive ability was tested by using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS The three most powerful predictors of future suicidal acts were a history of suicide attempt, subjective rating of the severity of depression, and cigarette smoking, each of which had an additive effect on future risk. The pessimism and aggression/impulsivity factors both predicted suicidal acts, and each factor showed an additive effect. CONCLUSIONS In addition to obtaining a history of suicidal behavior, clinicians may find it useful to assess patients' current level of pessimism, aggressive/impulsive traits, and comorbidity with substance use disorders, including nicotine-related disorders, to help identify patients at risk for suicidal behavior after major depression. Interventions such as aggressive pharmacotherapeutic prophylaxis to prevent relapse or recurrence of depressive symptoms may protect such at-risk individuals from future suicidal behavior.
Structural Origins of l(+)-Tartrate Inhibition of Human Prostatic Acid Phosphatase*

Acid phosphatase activity in the blood serum is usually separated into tartrate-resistant and tartrate-refractory, which is reported as the prostatic acid phosphatase level. Human prostatic acid phosphatase crystals soaked inN-propyl-l-tartramate were used to collect x-ray diffraction data to 2.9 Å resolution under cryogenic conditions. Positive difference electron density, corresponding to the inhibitor, was found. The quality of the electron density maps clearly shows the orientation of the carboxylate and N-propyl-substituted amide groups. The hydroxyl group attached to C3 forms two crucial hydrogen bonds with Arg-79 and His-257. Previous crystallographic studies compiled on the tartrate-rat prostatic acid phosphatase binary complex (Lindqvist, Y., Schneider, G., and Vihko, P. (1993)J. Biol. Chem. 268, 20744–20746) erroneously positioned d-tartrate into the active site. Modeling studies have shown that the C3 hydroxyl group on thed(−)-stereoisomer of tartrate, which does not significantly inhibit prostatic acid phosphatase, does not form strong hydrogen bonds with Arg-79 or His-257. The structure of human prostatic acid phosphatase, noncovalently bound inN-propyl-l-tartramate, is used to develop inhibitors with higher specificity and potency thanl(+)-tartrate.
Lymphangitis-associated rickettsiosis, a new rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia sibirica mongolotimonae: seven new cases and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND Rickettsia sibirica mongolotimonae has been found in Hyalomma ticks in Inner Mongolia (in China) and Niger and in humans in France and South Africa. To date, only 3 cases of human infection have been reported. METHODS Patients received a diagnosis of R. sibirica mongolotimonae infection on the basis of culture and/or PCR results plus serological test results. RESULTS From January 2000 to June 2004, R. sibirica mongolotimonae infection was diagnosed in 7 patients. In 3 patients, the bacterium was cultivated from the inoculation eschar. The other 4 patients had cases that were diagnosed with use of PCR of samples obtained from the eschar (2 patients) or blood (2 patients), plus specific Western blot before (2 patients) and after (2 patients) cross-adsorption. The clinical presentation included fever (temperature, >38.5 degrees C), a maculopapular rash, and > or =1 inoculation eschar in 6 patients, enlarged regional lymph nodes in 4 patients, and lymphangitis in 3 patients. On the basis of the study of 9 cases, R. sibirica mongolotimonae infection differed from other tick-borne rickettsioses in the Mediterranean area in the following ways: it involved a specific incidence in the spring, the presence of 2 eschars in 2 (22%) of the patients, the presence of a draining lymph node in 5 (55%) of the patients, and lymphangitis expanding from the inoculation eschar to the draining node in 4 (44%) of the patients. The most recent patient in our series received a clinical diagnosis on the basis of such findings. All patients recovered without any sequelae. CONCLUSIONS We propose that this new rickettsiosis be named "lymphangitis-associated rickettsiosis. " Lymphangitis-associated rickettsiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tick-borne rickettsioses in Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Distal extension mandibular removable partial denture with implant support

This case report describes the fabrication of a distal extension removable partial denture (RPD) of a 65-year-old man with implant support. Loss of fibroelasticity of the peripheral tissues and reduced mandibular vestibular sulcular depth due to a previous surgical resection and radiotherapy at the right side were the main clinical factors that created difficulty for denture retention and stability. The fabrication of a mandibular RPD supported by anterior teeth and two bilaterally placed implants in the molar area to convert from Kennedy Class 1 design to Kennedy Class 3 implant-bounded RPD is reported. Retention and stability of the denture were improved with implant support on the distal extension site of the RPD. The common clinical problems about distally extended RPDs are lack of retention and stability due to the movement around the rotational axis. Dental implant placement to the distal edentulous site minimizes the potential dislodgement of the RPD is popular. Implant-supported RPD can be suggested as an advantageous and cost-effective treatment option for the partially edentulous patients.
The relationship between stress and acute anterior uveitis.

PURPOSE To examine the relationship between stress and anterior uveitis using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire (SRRQ). METHODS Patients attending eye casualty with acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and suitable controls were asked to complete the GHQ and the SRRQ. A follow-up postal survey, using the same questionnaires, was repeated at least 3 months later amongst AAU patients only. Scores for the GHQ and SRRQ at initial presentation and at follow-up were compared for different groups. RESULTS Over 12 months, 42 patients and 25 controls participated in the first stage of this study. Patients with AAU had higher GHQ scores than controls (mean 6.8 versus 3.2, p = 0.01). A total of 25 patients responded to the follow-up postal survey. At follow-up, 13 had experienced resolution and 12 had recurrence. In the group with resolution, there was a significant fall in GHQ scores (mean 6.1 versus 1.5, p = 0.0044). Patients with recurrence had higher GHQ scores than those with resolution (mean 6.8 versus 1.5, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Using the GHQ reveals a clear relationship between stress and the recurrence of AAU in susceptible individuals.
COEXISTENCE OF THE SOCIAL TYPES: GENETIC POPULATION STRUCTURE IN THE ANT FORMICA EXSECTA

Abstract The ant Formica exsecta has two types of colonies that exist in sympatry but usually as separate subpopulations: colonies with simple social organization and single queens (M type) or colonial networks with multiple queens (P type). We used both nuclear (DNA microsatellites) and mitochondrial markers to study the transition between the social types, and the contribution of males and females in gene flow within and between the types. Our results showed that the social types had different spatial genetic structures. The M subpopulations formed a fairly uniform population, whereas the P subpopulations were, on average, more differentiated from each other than from the nearby M subpopulations and could have been locally established from the M-type colonies, followed by philopatric behavior and restricted emigration of females. Thus, the relationship between the two social types resembles that of source (M type) and sink (P type) populations. The comparison of mitochondrial (ΦST) and nuclear (FST) differentiation indicates that the dispersal rate of males is four to five times larger than that of females both among the P-type subpopulations and between the social types. Our results suggest that evolution toward complex social organization can have an important effect on genetic population structure through changes in dispersal behavior associated with different sociogenetic organizations.
Response Rates to Medical Treatments and Long-term Clinical Outcomes of Nonsurgical Patients With Intestinal Behçet Disease

Background The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of medical treatments and to identify factors to predict clinical outcome of intestinal Behçet disease (BD) during medical treatment. Methods We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of 93 patients who were diagnosed and medically treated with intestinal BD at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea from 1992 to 2007. A therapeutic response was evaluated 8 weeks after the initiation of medical treatment, and cumulative recurrence and surgery rates were also assessed during long-term follow-up. Results The initial remission rate at 8 weeks after treatment was 66.7%. During the follow-up period, cumulative recurrence rates for intestinal BD were 24.9% at 2 years and 43.0% at 5 years. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with apparent gastrointestinal symptoms at their initial presentation, volcano-type and deep intestinal ulcers, and those who failed to achieve complete remission during the initial treatment. Cumulative rates for surgery were 6.7% at 2 years and 15.1% at 5 years. The typical type of ulcers was the only predictive factor for the likelihood of surgery. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that a considerable number of patients experience disease relapse during follow-up despite a high-remission rate after medical treatment for intestinal BD. Careful observation and intensive treatment should be carried out, especially in patients without complete remission after initial treatment, with deep and volcano-shaped ulcers, or with apparent gastrointestinal symptoms at the time of diagnosis.
Nasal nitric oxide measurements to screen children for primary ciliary dyskinesia.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the usefulness of exhaled and nasal nitric oxide (NO) measurements to detect primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) in children. DESIGN AND METHODS The study population consisted of 34 children with symptoms suggestive of PCD who were previously referred to our pediatric university respiratory disease clinic for a diagnostic workup including analysis of ciliary structure and function by respiratory mucosal biopsy. PCD was diagnosed in 17 of the 34 children according to the ciliary biopsy results. Measurements of nasal and exhaled NO were performed according to European Respiratory Society and American Thoracic Society guidelines in the patients with and without biopsy-proven PCD, and also in 24 healthy age-matched subjects. RESULTS Nasal NO was significantly lower in those children with proven PCD (geometric mean; 13.7 parts per billion [ppb]), compared to those who had negative biopsy results (132.7 ppb) and healthy control subjects (223.7 ppb). The measurement of nasal NO in our study population showed, below a cut-off level of < 105 ppb, a specificity of 88% for PCD, and positive predictive value of 89%. Nasal NO above a cut-off level of 105 ppb excluded PCD with a 100% certainty. The lower levels of exhaled NO in patients with PCD did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION The measurement of nasal NO appears to be a useful tool to screen children for PCD and to exclude this disease in those with high nasal NO levels.
Capacity, Willingness, and Sovereign Default Risk: Reassuring the Market in Times of Crisis

Preserving the trust of bond markets is crucial for the world's many indebted countries, but it is still unclear when and how national or international actors can contribute to this goal. We present a set of arguments addressing this question and test them on the case of the eurozone debt crisis. Distinguishing between actors' capacity and willingness to avoid defaults, we argue that the crisis was marked by a lack of capacity at the national level, and limited or uncertain willingness at the European level. Accordingly, we find that Europeanâ€ level efforts to reassure markets had considerably stronger effects than similar efforts at the national level. Furthermore, national efforts appear to have mattered the least in countries with the least capacity. These findings are based on a comprehensive new dataset of political events and relevant news, and they hold across a number of robustness checks and placebo tests.
How do housing and labour markets affect individual homelessness?

Abstract We examine the impact of housing and labour market conditions on individual risks of homelessness. Our innovation is a focus on homelessness entries, although findings from jointly estimated homelessness entry and exit probit equations are reported. Risky behaviours and life experiences such as regular use of drugs, the experience of violence and biographies of acute disadvantage lead to a higher risk of becoming homeless. Public housing is a strong protective factor. We find clear evidence that for certain subgroups it is being the ‘wrong person in the wrong place’ that matters most when considering risks of entering homelessness. Indigenous Australians, for example, are no more likely to become homeless than other vulnerable groups holding housing and labour market conditions constant. However, tighter housing markets and weaker labour markets expose Indigenous Australians to significantly higher risks of entering homelessness.
Review of somatic symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder

Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with both (1) ‘ill-defined’ or ‘medically unexplained’ somatic syndromes, e.g. unexplained dizziness, tinnitus and blurry vision, and syndromes that can be classified as somatoform disorders (DSM-IV-TR); and (2) a range of medical conditions, with a preponderance of cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, neurological, and gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, chronic pain, sleep disorders and other immune-mediated disorders in various studies. Frequently reported medical co-morbidities with PTSD across various studies include cardiovascular disease, especially hypertension, and immune-mediated disorders. PTSD is associated with limbic instability and alterations in both the hypothalamic– pituitary–adrenal and sympatho-adrenal medullary axes, which affect neuroendocrine and immune functions, have central nervous system effects resulting in pseudo-neurological symptoms and disorders of sleep–wake regulation, and result in autonomic nervous system dysregulation. Hypervigilance, a central feature of PTSD, can lead to ‘local sleep’ or regional arousal states, when the patient is partially asleep and partially awake, and manifests as complex motor and/or verbal behaviours in a partially conscious state. The few studies of the effects of standard PTSD treatments (medications, CBT) on PTSD-associated somatic syndromes report a reduction in the severity of ill-defined and autonomically mediated somatic symptoms, self-reported physical health problems, and some chronic pain syndromes.