Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Political Promotion, CEO Incentives, and the Relationship Between Pay and Performance

We examine how incentives for political promotion affect compensation policy and firm performance in Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs). In contrast to the conventional wisdom that political incentives tend to be misaligned with value maximization, we find that the likelihood that the CEO receives a political promotion is positively related to firm performance. In addition, as predicted by models of career concerns (Baker, Gibbons, and Murphy (1987)) we find that CEOs with a higher likelihood of political promotion have lower pay levels and lower sensitivity of pay to performance. Overall, the evidence suggests that competition in the political job market helps mitigate weak monetary incentives for CEOs in China. Moreover, the Chinese example suggests that state control and political connections are not necessarily inconsistent with good economic incentives.
Growth opportunities and dividend policy: Some evidence on the role of ethnicity in an emerging economy

This paper examines the association between growth opportunities and dividend payouts and moderates the relationship between growth opportunities and dividend payouts. Our sample consisted of the Malaysian top 300 public listed companies (in terms of market capitalization) for a period from 2004 to 2011. Based on a specified selection process, the sample contained 1330 firm-year observations, after excluding firms with missing data. This paper finds that growth opportunities is associated with less dividends payouts and that this relationship is weaker for Bumiputera ethnic controlled firms. Furthermore, the results show that this negative association exists only for non-Government Linked Controlled firms.
MIXED CONVECTION IN A VENTED SQUARE CAVITY WITH A HEAT CONDUCTING HORIZONTAL SOLID CIRCULAR CYLINDER

A finite element method based computational study of steady laminar mixed convection flow inside a vented square cavity with a heat conducting horizontal solid circular cylinder placed at the center of the cavity is carried out in this paper. The developed mathematical model is governed by the coupled equations of continuity, momentum and energy. The present work simulates practical systems such as cooling of electronic devices, ventilation of building etc. The effects of cylinder size and Richardson number on fluid flow and heat transfer performance are investigated. Richardson number is varied from 0.0 to 5.0 and the cylinder diameter is varied from 0.0 to 0.6. The results for the case of without cylinder are compared to those with cylinder to observe the effects cylinder on the flow and heat transfer inside the cavity. The phenomenon inside the cavity for the case of with and without cylinder is analyzed through streamline and isotherm patterns. It is found that the streamlines, isotherms, average Nusselt number at the heated surface, average temperature of the fluid in the cavity and dimensionless temperature at the cylinder center strongly depend on the Richardson number as well as the diameter of the cylinder.
Dynamics and Structure of a Field Roe Deer Population

Kałuziński J., 1982: Dynamics and structure of a field roe deer population. Acta theriol. , 27, 27: 385—408 [With 9 Tables & 10 Figs.l The purpose of these studies was to obtain data on variations in numbers, reproduction, mortality, survival and age and sex structure. The data were collected over a period of 14 years, and using them as a basis a quantitative balance was drawn up for a population living in an agrocenosis. Average density of roe deer was 7 individuals/100 ha, and the number born was 1.9 young per female. Natural mortality among young roe deer was high (56% of the number born) and distinctly influences effective production, the average value for which is 0.8 juv/female. Mortality among adult animals was on an average 21%, varying from 7—51% of the spring numbers from the preceding year. In years which prove catastrophic for the population about 50°/o of the roe deer die during the first year of life. Average length of life of an individual was 3.5 years. Females predominated over males throughout the whole study period (56:44). Game shooting refered first of all to animals from 0—7 years old from the population, and applies to 89% of males and 84% of females. Population numbers were determined by mortality among young and adult animals and by constant game shooting of about 8.1%, and apart from catastrophic years exhibits a tendency to increase. Losses due to game shooting and average natural losses were effectively replenished in the study population.
IFRS and Information Quality : Cases of CAC 40 Companies

The objective of this work is to study the quality of countable information before and after the adoption of standards IFRS. Precisely, through the exposure of the positive theory of the accountancy which insists on the importance of information of quality for the investors in order to enable them to make the adequate decisions of investments. We tested over one period being spread out of 1998 to 2008, the relation between the quality of the information measured by Proxy accruals qualityand standards IFRS in the context of the companies of CAC 40. The results obtained show that the adoption of standards IFRS makes improves quality of countable information. In particular, standards IFRS contribute improved quality information to diffuse it with the public and to increase his transparency, which makes it possible to attenuate asymmetries of information and the costs of agency.
International financial reporting standards (IFRS) disclosure and performance of Nigeria listed companies

Abstract The study investigated disclosure practices under IFRS on the performance of firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for a period of six years, from 2012 to 2017. Data were pooled from 384 firm-year observations across 64 sampled companies listed in the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE). We developed disclosure index of both IFRSs mandatory and voluntary by applying content analysis and multiple regression techniques and analyze the association of disclosure and performance of the firms expressed return on capital employed (ROCE) as a performance index. The study also examined the relationship between market-based performance, company attributes, and overall disclosure. The result indicates that the extent of overall disclosure does not associate with the financial performance of the listed Nigerian firms. The result suggests that share price, size, and audit firm size significantly and positively related to the overall disclosure of firms. The association between leverage, company age and overall disclosure index negative and insignificant. In the Nigeria context, audit firm size proved to be an important determinant of the extent of IFRSs disclosure.
Evidence on the Marketing Approaches Targeting Gay and Lesbian Consumers

Diversity is an important concept in business and marketing and is utilized in campaigns to attract consumers. This study examines the level of diversity in print media that targets the niche market of gays and lesbians. Race and gender are examined to determine if, in fact, marketers are being innovative in reaching this target market, or are we still using an old paradigm. This study, which examined over 3000 models used in gay and lesbian targeted media proves that we still use the old paradigm of white male models in the advertisements that we used in the 1960s.
Scraped Data and Sticky Prices: Frequency, Hazards, and Synchronization

This paper introduces scraped online data to study price-stickiness in developing countries. Scraped data constitute a unique source of price information in terms of detail, sampling frequency, and country availability, allowing simultaneous cross-country analyses in a variety of macroeconomic settings. Using a dataset with more than 21 million prices in four Latin American countries during a time of high inflation, from October 2007 to October 2008, I present stylized sticky-price facts and provide four main empirical results. First, countries with more frequent price changes do not have higher inflation rates. Second, there is evidence of menu costs in the bimodal distribution of the size of price changes. Third, hazard functions tend to be upward sloping, consistent with state-dependent pricing. Fourth, there is strong daily price synchronization within narrow categories, or aisles, which suggests that strategic complementarities can play an important role in price-setting decisions.
Food of Irish hares Lepus timidus hibernicus in western Connemara, Ireland

The diet of the Irish hare Lepus timidus hibernicus Bell, 1837, was investigated in western Ireland by analysis of faeces collected each month for a year from 3 areas of blanket bog, 1 of rough grassland and 1 of machair. A wide range of plant species was eaten but the main foods throughout the year were grasses and sedges on bog, and grasses at the other 2 sites, with sedges a minor food. Forbs were also important on machair, the study area where they were most plentiful. Shrubs (mainly Calluna vulgaris but Thymus praecox on machair) were an ancillary food everywhere, especially in winter, when they provided an otherwise scarce source of live tissue. Because there was no snow cover, however, shrubs did not dominate forage in winter as they do in other parts of the range of L. timidus. Seasonal variation in the diet and apparent food preferences are discussed.
How people perceive immigrants’ role in their country’s life: a comparative study of Estonia and Russia

The paper focuses on a comparative analysis of people’s attitudes towards immigrants’ role in several aspects of countries’ life depending on the individual’s socio-demographic and economic characteristics in Estonia and Russia. The empirical part of the paper relies on the European Social Survey (ESS) fifth round database. The results of the study show that the Estonian people’s attitudes towards immigrants are, on the average, better in all aspects of the country’s life – economy, culture and the country as a living place, compared to the Russian one. Both economic and non-economic factors explain the observed variation of individuals’ opinions regarding the role of immigrants in a country’s life. Ethnic minorities, religious people and people with higher income are more tolerant to immigrants in both countries. Socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender and education are valid determinants of people’s attitudes towards immigrants only in Estonia. Highly educated people have more positive attitudes towards immigrants compared to less educated people in Estonia but not in Russia. The results of the analysis therefore highlight the necessity to take different factors into account for the design of the migration and integration policies in the countries with ethnically diverse population.
Effect of Clinical Nurses Specialists intervention on rehabilitation outcomes in patients with heart failure

Introduction: Living with heart failure is serious and call for long term rehabilitation care. Rehabilitation elements for patients with Heart Failure are based on the recommendations from the European Society of Cardiology and focuses on self-care and adherence in general. The aim of this study was, therefore, to test a protocol for rehabilitation of patients after completing rehabilitation in the outpatient clinic. Method: The study design is quasi-experimental. Patients in the control group follow the conventional rehabilitation. For the patients in the intervention group an individual rehabilitation plan was prepared and followed up by telephone after 4 and 12 weeks. For all patients Health Status were measured with Short Form 36 and EQ5D. Results: One hundred and sixty-two patients are included in the study of which 137 (84.6%) consented. There were no differences in total self-care behavior between the groups at baseline and at follow-up after 4 and 12 weeks. Within the control group no changes in the self-care score from baseline to follow-up were observed. Total EQ5D scores showed no significant differences between the groups at baseline. Subgroup analyses showed a significant difference in usual activities and decrease in anxiety/depression in the intervention group with a within-group increase from 34.4 percent at baseline to 51.4 percent after 12 weeks (p = .0002). No between-groups differences at 4 weeks or 12 weeks were observed. Conclusion: No significant increase in Health Status between groups were found. Subgroup analysis showed a significant within-group decrease in development of anxiety in the intervention group from baseline to twelve weeks. There may be a correlation between the increase in self-care behavior in patients in the intervention group after 12 weeks and a reduction in anxiety.
CO2 wettability of caprocks: Implications for structural storage capacity and containment security

Structural trapping, the most important CO2 geostorage mechanism during the first decades of a sequestration project, hinges on the traditional assumption that the caprock is strongly water wet. However, this assumption has not yet been verified; and it is indeed not generally true as we demonstrate here. Instead, caprock can be weakly water wet or intermediate wet at typical storage conditions; and water wettability decreases with increasing pressure or temperature. Consequently, a lower storage capacity can be inferred for structural trapping in such cases.
Territorial behaviour and testosterone in male black redstarts (Phoenicurus ochruros)

It is thought that territorial behaviour is regulated by testosterone in male vertebrates because in many species seasonal peaks in testosterone closely match with periods of intense competition between males for territories and mating partners. However, in some species territorial behaviour is also expressed outside a breeding context and the degree to which testosterone facilitates territorial behaviour in these species is not well understood. We, therefore, studied territorial behaviour and its hormonal basis in male black redstarts – a temperate-zone songbird that defends territories during breeding and in autumn after feather moult and just before migrating to its wintering grounds. We compared the response to simulated territorial intrusions between breeding and non-breeding. Furthermore, we assessed seasonal differences in song output and structure. To determine if testosterone influences song structure we implanted males with an anti-androgen and an aromatase inhibitor to block
Development and Application of Benchmark Examples for Mode II Static Delamination Propagation and Fatigue Growth Predictions

The development of benchmark examples for static delamination propagation and cyclic delamination onset and growth prediction is presented and demonstrated for a commercial code. The example is based on a finite element model of an End-Notched Flexure (ENF) specimen. The example is independent of the analysis software used and allows the assessment of the automated delamination propagation, onset and growth prediction capabilities in commercial finite element codes based on the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). First, static benchmark examples were created for the specimen. Second, based on the static results, benchmark examples for cyclic delamination growth were created. Third, the load-displacement relationship from a propagation analysis and the benchmark results were compared, and good agreement could be achieved by selecting the appropriate input parameters. Fourth, starting from an initially straight front, the delamination was allowed to grow under cyclic loading. The number of cycles to delamination onset and the number of cycles during delamination growth for each growth increment were obtained from the automated analysis and compared to the benchmark examples. Again, good agreement between the results obtained from the growth analysis and the benchmark results could be achieved by selecting the appropriate input parameters. The benchmarking procedure proved valuable by highlighting the issues associated with choosing the input parameters of the particular implementation. Selecting the appropriate input parameters, however, was not straightforward and often required an iterative procedure. Overall the results are encouraging, but further assessment for mixed-mode delamination is required.
Bacteriological physicochemical quality of recreational water bodies: Case studies from Addis Ababa and Oromiya region Ethiopia

Waterborne diseases are common and major problem in developing countries. Considering the great importance of the safety of recreational waters, a cross-sectional study at Addis Ababa and Oromiya regional state was carried out over a three month period of time from May-July, 2008. A total of 72 water samples from two natural bathing lakes and six outdoor swimming pools were collected and analyzed for total and fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, hetrotrophic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, pH, temperature, free chlorine and turbidity. The study demonstrated that from all the samples analyzed for microbiological water qaulity 52(96.3%) were found to be positive for S. aureus, 44 (81.5%) for total coliforms, 43 (79.6%) for total bacteria count, and 38 (70.4%) for fecal coliforms. All of the samples from the swimming pools do not have the required level of chlorination (1.0 mg l-1 (100%)). Moreover, 75.9% of the pool samples passed the required turbidity level and 33.3% of samples were alkaline in pH. All of the microbial analyses of the two natural bathing lakes were within guideline limit of bathing water regulations of United Kingdom. From these results it can be concluded that, except that of the natural bathing lakes, most of the bacteriological and physicochemical parameters measured from outdoor swimming pools were not in compliance with the reference values set out by WHO guideline. This is mainly due to lack of awareness, absence of monitoring, proper disinfection and/or lack of information or control over related parameters to efficient disinfection processes. The study findings suggest that the observed problems can be minimized by promoting good hygiene education and practices for swimmers, applying a better and strict supervision, providing training and education for operators, monitoring the biological and chemical conditions through guideline development of the pool at regular intervals. Key words: Swimming pools, microbiological indicators, microbial water quality, recreational water quality.
Seasonal and spatial variations in biogenic hydrocarbon emissions from southern African savannas and woodlands

Biogenic volatile organic carbon (BVOC) emissions are an important component of the global BVOC budget, contributing more than 90%. Emissions vary with species and vegetation type; therefore to produce accurate global budgets data is required from different vegetation types. This study investigates BVOC emissions from savannas, Kalahari woodlands, Kalahari open shrublands and Mopane woodlands in southern Africa. BVOC emission samples from individual species were collected using leaf cuvettes and the BVOC concentrations were determined by GC-FID/ MS. Ten of the 14 woodland species measured were high isoprene emitters, while two showed high monoterpene emission capacities. Landscape average isoprene emission capacities were estimated to be as high as 9, 8 and 1 mg Cm (cid:1) 2 h (cid:1) 1 for savannas, woodlands and shrub lands, respectively. The monoterpene emission capacity for Mopane woodlands were estimated at almost 3 mg Cm (cid:1) 2 h (cid:1) 1 , while for other landscapes it varied between 0.04 and 3 mg Cm (cid:1) 2 h (cid:1) 1 . Isoprene and monoterpene emissions at a savanna site in South Africa showed a seasonal variation, which is more pronounced for isoprene. During the winter (June–September) estimated emissions were o 10 mg Cm (cid:1) 2 d (cid:1) 1 , with peak emissions (ranging between 20 and 80mg Cm (cid:1) 2 d (cid:1) 1 ) occurring during the summer months (December–March) when foliar density peaked. The total BVOC emission from southern African (south of the Equator) savannas was estimated to be in the range of 18–74 Tg Cyr
Central-Eastern China Persistent Heat Waves: Evaluation of the AMIP Models

AbstractLarge-scale and persistent heat waves affecting central-eastern China are investigated in 40 different simulations of sea surface temperature driven global atmospheric models. The different models are compared with results from reanalysis and ground station datasets. It is found that the dynamics of heat-wave events is well reproduced by the models. However, they tend to produce too-persistent heat-wave events (lasting more than 20 days), and several hypotheses were tested to explain this bias. The daily variability of the temperatures or the seasonal signal did not explain the persistence. However, interannual variability of the temperatures in the models, and especially the sharp transition in the mid-1990s, has a large impact on the duration of heat waves. A filtering method was applied to select the models closest to the observations in terms of events persistence. The selected models do not show a significant difference from the other models for the long-term trends. Thus, the bias on the dur.
Innovation and sectoral linkages in the agri-food system in the Valencian Community

This paper aims to analyze the innovative effort of the agri-food system (AFS) in the Valencian Autonomous Community (VC), Spain, estimating the intensity of innovation in each subsector of the AFS. The analysis distinguishes between the direct and indirect (or induced) innovation intensities incorporated by the acquisition of inputs from other subsectors produced in the VC or in the rest of Spain. The methodology employed is based on the inputoutput framework combined with data of technological innovation in enterprises. This methodology provides the novelty of been applied to a region �the VC� and not to a country as it is usually done. The results show that the weight of intersectoral flows in the total innovation effort of the AFS is significant with marked differences between primary and food industry. In most activities, embodied knowledge in inputs purchased from Spain is greater than embodied knowledge of inputs produced inside the region.