Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal stabilization of collagen in skin and decalcified bone

The state of collagen molecules in the fibres of tail tendon, skin and demineralized bone has been investigated in situ using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Hydroxyproline analysis and tissue digestion with bacterial collagenase and trypsin were used to confirm that the common cause of all the DSC endotherms was collagen denaturation. This occurred within a narrow temperature range in tendons, but over a wide temperature range in demineralized bone and old skin and demonstrated that in tendon and demineralized bone at least the same type I collagen molecule exists in different thermal states. Hypothesizing that this might be caused by different degrees of confinement within the fibre lattice, experiments were performed to measure the effect of changing the lattice dimensions by extracting the collagen into dilute solution with pepsin, swelling the lattice in acetic acid, and contracting the lattice by dehydration. A theoretical analysis was undertaken to predict the effect of dehydration. Results were consistent with the hypothesis, demonstrating that collagen molecules within the natural fibres of bone and old skin are located at different intermolecular spacings, revealing differences between molecules in the magnitude of either the attractive or repulsive forces controlling their separation. One potential cause of such variation is known differences in covalent cross-linking.
A large-scale galaxy structure at z = 2.02 associated with the radio galaxy MRC 0156-252

We present the spectroscopic confirmation of a structure of galaxies surrounding the radio galaxy MRC 0156-252 at z = 2.02. The structure was initially discovered as an overdensity of both near-infrared selected z > 1.6 and mid-infrared selected z > 1.2 galaxy candidates. We used the VLT/FORS2 multi-object spectrograph to target ∼80 high-redshift galaxy candidates, and obtain robust spectroscopic redshifts for more than half the targets. The majority of the confirmed sources are star-forming galaxies at z > 1.5. In addition to the radio galaxy, two of its close-by companions (<6 �� ) also show AGN signatures. Ten sources, including the radio galaxy, lie within | z − 2.020 | <0.015 (i.e., velocity offsets <1500 km s −1 ) and within projected 2 Mpc comoving of the radio galaxy. Additional evidence suggests not only that the galaxy structure associated with MRC 0156-252 is a forming galaxy cluster but also that this structure is most probably embedded in a larger-scale structure.
İngilizce Dil Öğretim Yöntemi Olarak İletişimsel Yaklaşım: Van Atatürk Anadolu Lisesi Örneği

Bu arastirma, Turkiye’de Orta Ogretim Kurumlarinda Ingilizce ogretim yontemi olarak kullanilan Iletisimsel Yaklasimin hedeflenen dil becerilerini gerceklestirmede ne kadar etkili oldugunu arastirmak amaciyla yapilmistir. Calisma, Van ili Ataturk Anadolu Lisesi 10, 11 ve 12. sinif ogrencilerini kapsamaktadir. Arastirma surecinin basinda, ogrencilerin Ingilizce duzeylerini olcmek icin bir seviye sinavi yapildi. Elde edilen sonuclarin Iletisimsel Dil Ogretimine dayali Orta Ogretim Kurumlari Genel Liseler Ingilizce Ogretim Programinda hedeflenen kazanimlarla ortusmedigi saptandi. Dil egitimi alan kisilerin cogunlukla daha once calisilan ve sikca kullanilan gundelik kaliplasmis ifadeleri soyleyebildikleri; uretkenlige dayali, daha once denemedikleri yapilari ve degim ozelligi tasiyan ifadeleri soyleyemedikleri veya soylemekten cekindikleri sonucuna varildi. Ayrica, mevcut alan yazindaki diger calismalarla, konu hakkindaki farkli goruslere de yer verilerek calismanin sonunda, iletisimsel yaklasim acisindan elde edilen olumsuz sonuclarin olasi nedenleri uzerinde duruldu ve birtakim onerilerde bulunuldu. Bu arastirma, iletisimsel dil ogretim modelinin Van Ataturk Anadolu Lisesinde hedeflenen dil becerilerini karsilamakta etkisiz kaldigini ortaya koymaktadir. Anahtar Sozcukler: iletisimsel dil ogretim metodu , iletisimsel yaklasim , turkiye’de yabanci dil ogretimi
Interactive comment on “ Re-construction of global solar radiation time series from 1933 to 2013 at the Izaña Atmospheric Observatory ” by R

The paper presents the development of a time series of global horizontal solar irradiance, for the period 1933-2013, by combining two types of data obtained at the Izaña Observatory. On the one hand, for the most recent years (after 2005), the authors use the high quality solar irradiance data measured by pyranometers belonging to global networks such as BSRN. For the period 1992-2005, pyranometer measurements are also used, but they must be previously checked and calibrated. A radiative transfer model (LibRadtran) is also used as a supporting tool for this process. On the other hand, for the years previous to 1991, sunshine duration measurements taken by a Campbell-Stokes heliograph are used as a proxy for solar irradiance. In this sense,
On-chip tapered transmission line transformer based on coplanar waveguide

A traditional tapered transmission line transformer (TLT) is implemented in a commercial 0.13 μm digital complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology to raise the short pulse amplitude which is generated on-chip. The transformer, based on 20 coplanar waveguides whose impedances are gradually increased from 50 ohm to 93 ohm, is analyzed through Cadence™ Spectre schematic and post-layout simulations. The pulse generator and the linear tapered transmission line transformer are fabricated in the same technology, the test results show that after the transformer the amplitude of the output pulse generated on-chip is successfully enlarged from 0.18V to 0.24V when the input DC voltage is 1.6V
suPAR – a future risk marker

In the current issue of Journal of Internal Medicine, Huttunen and colleagues investigate suPARas a predictor of disease severity and mortality in patients with bacteraemia. Plasma samples were obtained from 132 patients following a bacteria-positive blood culture: 1–4 days after hospitalization, after 13– 18 daysandafterpatient recovery.During30 daysof follow-up, 18 patients died. The cut-off level with the highest sensitivity and specificity with regard to the ability of suPAR to predict mortality was found to be 11 ng mL. Fifteen (36%) of the 42 patients with suPAR levels above 11 ng mL died within 1 month of follow-up, compared to only 3 ⁄90 patients (3%) with suPAR levels below 11 ng mL. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that this translates into an odds ratio of 16.1 (95% confidence interval: 4.3– 59.9), and the odds ratio remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders. It is interesting that a simple suPAR measurement had a similar or better ability to predict mortality compared to the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, a sepsis mortality risk algorithm including multiple laboratoryandclinicalmeasures.
Elektronik Tablolama ve Dinamik Geometri Yazılımını Kullanarak Çalışma Yapraklarının Geliştirilmesi

Bu calismada, matematik dersinde birinci dereceden bir bilinmeyenli denklemleri kullanarak problem cozme, simetri, koordinat sistemi ve dogru grafikleri konularinda elektronik tablolama ve dinamik geometri yaziliminin kullanildigi calisma yapraklarindan ornekler verilmistir.
Detecting gastrointestinal hypoperfusion during cardiac tamponade in pigs: a role for nitric oxide tonometry?

OBJECTIVE To evaluate different techniques and regional approaches for detecting critical reductions in gastrointestinal (GI) perfusion. DESIGN Laboratory, animal, controlled study. SETTING University animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS Thirteen anesthetized, ventilated, juvenile domestic pigs. INTERVENTIONS Dextran was infused into the pericardial sac to achieve cardiac tamponade that reduced cardiac output to 25% of baseline value. Hemodynamics were invasively monitored, and blood gases were sampled in the systemic and portal circulations. Tonometers were placed in the corpus of the stomach and in the jejunum, 50 cm aboral to the ligament of Treitz. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We measured cardiac output, portal venous blood flow, mesenteric oxygen delivery and consumption, systemic and portal venous blood gases and acid-base balance, stomach and jejunal transepithelial potential difference, stomach and jejunal intramucosal pH, arterial plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine, and jejunal, intraluminal nitric oxide. One hour of cardiac tamponade decreased mesenteric oxygen delivery and consumption in a linear fashion and resulted in mesenteric acidosis, as evidenced by decreases in pH, standard bicarbonate, oxygen saturation, and PO2 and increases in PCO2. The potential difference in the jejunum decreased earlier than in the stomach, whereas stomach intramucosal pH decreased before jejunal intramucosal pH. Intraluminal nitric oxide in the jejunum was markedly reduced soon after cardiac tamponade. This reduction was accompanied by an increase in arterial plasma concentrations of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine. Investigated variables were unchanged in control animals. CONCLUSIONS Both intramucosal pH and potential difference measurements may be used to detect critical reduction in GI perfusion. Regional and temporal differences may reduce the accuracy of these methods. Jejunal tonometry can yield an early nitric oxide measurement that indicates mesenteric low-flow conditions. Jejunal tonometry also yields quantitative information about this modulator of hemodynamic and mucosal barrier function, information that is relevant to GI failure during shock.
Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease: oesophageal impedance versus pH monitoring

Gastro‐oesophageal reflux occurs frequently during the first months of life. Infants receive frequent milk feeds, and because milk is a potent buffer of gastric acidity, oesophageal impedance should detect more reflux than pH recording. Indeed, impedance has the advantage over pH monitoring of being independent of pH, and as a consequence, of being better adapted to measure reflux during postprandial periods when reflux is buffered and to detect symptoms associated with non‐acid or weakly acid reflux episodes. Numerous episodes are detected by one of these techniques (pH monitoring or impedance) in children. Most studies using the impedance technique consider very small numbers of patients, and there are few reports linking data from diagnostic impedance procedures to clinical outcome in symptomatic patients. Data suggesting that impedance does offer a clear‐cut benefit in paediatric clinical practice are missing. The high cost of the material and the investment in time necessary for interpretation of the recording, remains a handicap. It is mandatory, despite ethical difficulties, to obtain normal ranges for intraluminal impedance monitoring.
Effect of Chronic Infusion of Synthetic Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF 8-33) in Conscious Two-Kidney, One-Clip Hypertensive Rats

Abstract Conscious two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats were chronically infused during 7 days with synthetic ANF (8-33) (1 yg/ hr/rat) by means of osmotic minipumps. The initial blood pressure of 183 ± 4 mmHg gradually decreased to 116 ± 5 mmHg the last 2 days of infusion. Pressure diuresis returned to normal and pressure natriuresis was attenuated. PRA was significantly lower (1.81 ± 0.41 AI ng/ml/hr) than in not treated hypertensive rats (8.56 ± 3.75 AI ng/ml/hr). A partial regression in cardiac hypertrophy was observed in the treated group. We suggest that the hypotensive response to ANF may be mainly due to vasodilatation, but the possibility that the decrease in PRA may play a partial role in lowering blood pressure, cannot be excluded.
Functional and Structural Topography of Horizontal Inhibitory Connections in Cat Visual Cortex

The functional organization of long‐horizontal inhibitory connections was studied in cat visual cortical area 17, using a combination of electrophysiological recording and anatomical tracing in the same tissue. Orientation maps were obtained by recording multiunit activity from layer III at regular intervals (100–300μm) in a region of ‐1.3 mm2 of cortex at a depth corresponding to the location of the basket cell axons reconstructed later. Before the physiological mapping, the neuronal tracer biocytin had been iontophoretically injected at one functionally characterized site. On the basis of light microscopic features a total of five biocytin‐labelled large basket axons, BC1 ‐ BC5, were reconstructed from series of horizontal sections of two cats. The parent somata and dendritic fields of three axons (BC1, BC4 and BC5) could also be reconstructed. The axonal field of basket cell BC1 had an overall lateral spread of 1.8 mm. The axons of basket cells BC4 and BC5 spanned a distance of 3.05 and 2.85 mm, respectively. The distribution pattern of histologically reconstructed recording sites and of five labelled basket cell axons were directly compared in the same sections. The results show that a single large basket cell provides input to regions representing the whole range of orientations, i.e. iso‐orientation (±30°), oblique orientation (±[30–60]°) and cross‐orientation (±[60–90]°) to that at the basket cell's soma. Furthermore, the differential effect mediated by the same large basket cell at sites of different orientation preference was numerically estimated for two basket cells (BC4 and BC5) whose preferred orientations could be determined on the basis of recording sites adjacent to their parent somata. We counted the number of axonal terminals of these basket cells at iso‐, oblique‐ and cross‐orientation sites and found no significant difference in the average density of terminals at sites of either orientation preference. The functional topography of large basket cell axons indicates that the same basket cell can mediate iso‐, oblique‐ and cross‐orientation inhibition at different sites. Hence, we assume that large basket cells serve a complex physiological role depending on the location of target cells in the orientation map.
Distribution System Planning With Incorporating DG Reactive Capability and System Uncertainties

Distributed generation (DG) systems are considered an integral part in future distribution system planning. The active and reactive power injections from DG units, typically installed close to the load centers, are seen as a cost-effective solution for distribution system voltage support, energy saving, and reliability improvement. This paper proposes a novel distribution system expansion planning strategy encompassing renewable DG systems with schedulable and intermittent power generation patterns. The reactive capability limits of different renewable DG systems covering wind, solar photovoltaic, and biomass-based generation units are included in the planning model and the system uncertainties such as load demand, wind speed, and solar radiation are also accounted using probabilistic models. The problem of distribution system planning with renewable DG is formulated as constrained mixed integer nonlinear programming, wherein the total cost will be minimized with optimal allocation of various renewable DG systems. A solution algorithm integrating TRIBE particle swarm optimization (TRIBE PSO) and ordinal optimization (OO) is developed to effectively obtain optimal and near-optimal solutions for system planners. TRIBE PSO, OO, and the proposed algorithm are applied to a practical test system and results are compared and presented.
Presence of Acylated Homoserine Lactones (AHLs) and AHL-Producing Bacteria in Meat and Potential Role of AHL in Spoilage of Meat

ABSTRACT Quorum-sensing (QS) signals (N-acyl homoserine lactones [AHLs]) were extracted and detected from five commercially produced vacuum-packed meat samples. Ninety-six AHL-producing bacteria were isolated, and 92 were identified as Enterobacteriaceae. Hafnia alvei was the most commonly identified AHL-producing bacterium. Thin-layer chromatographic profiles of supernatants from six H. alvei isolates and of extracts from spoiling meat revealed that the major AHL species had an Rf value and shape similar to N-3-oxo-hexanoyl homoserine lactone (OHHL). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) (high-resolution MS) analysis confirmed the presence of OHHL in pure cultures of H. alvei. Vacuum-packed meat spoiled at the same rate when inoculated with the H. alvei wild type compared to a corresponding AHL-lacking mutant. Addition of specific QS inhibitors to the AHL-producing H. alvei inoculated in meat or to naturally contaminated meat did not influence the spoilage of vacuum-packed meat. An extracellular protein of approximately 20 kDa produced by the H. alvei wild-type was not produced by the AHL-negative mutant but was restored in the mutant when complemented by OHHL, thus indicating that AHLs do have a regulatory role in H. alvei. Coinoculation of H. alvei wild-type with an AHL-deficient Serratia proteamaculans B5a, in which protease secretion is QS regulated, caused spoilage of liquid milk. By contrast, coinoculation of AHL-negative strains of H. alvei and S. proteamaculans B5a did not cause spoilage. In conclusion, AHL and AHL-producing bacteria are present in vacuum-packed meat during storage and spoilage, but AHL does not appear to influence the spoilage of this particular type of conserved meat. Our data indicate that AHL-producing H. alvei may induce food quality-relevant phenotypes in other bacterial species in the same environment. H. alvei may thus influence spoilage of food products in which Enterobacteriaceae participate in the spoilage process.
The value of electron microscope studies in diagnosing malignant change in ulcerative colitis

Ultrastructural and histological appearances were studied in normal rectal and colonic mucosa, in the mucosa immediately adjacent to neoplasms (transitional mucosa), in neoplasms themselves, and in ulcerative colitis to try to determine whether any changes found in colitis might be recognized as premalignant. Two of the ulcerative colitis specimens showed histological evidence of premalignant change and these changes were reflected at the ultrastructural level. No electron microscopical premalignant changes were found which could not more easily be detected by simple histology, and it is concluded that attempts to detect premalignant changes in ulcerative colitis using electron microscopical techniques are likely to be unrewarding.
Development of amino acid receptors in frontal cortex from girls with Rett syndrome

To determine whether a disorder of excitatory neurotransmission plays a role in the pathophysiology of Rett syndrome (RS), N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA), adenosine monophosphate acid (AMPA), kainate, and metabotropic types of glutamate receptors were labeled autoradiographically in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) from 9 RS patients and 10 female controls. The results showed a trend for the densities of NMDA, AMPA, gamma‐aminobutyric acid, and metabotropic glutamate receptors to be higher in younger patients than in controls and for densities in older patients to fall below those of controls. The age‐related changes in SFG NMDA receptor density may be correlated with the shift from psychomotor regression and seizures in younger stage II/III RS girls to the less epileptic plateau stage in older girls. Ann Neurol 1999;45:541–545
Staging Laparoscopy and Its Indications in Pancreatic Cancer Patients

Background: Laparoscopy has become a popular and widespread surgical technique. An important goal in the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer is to avoid any unnecessary procedure. Laparoscopy has been suggested as a routine tool for staging in order to prevent unnecessary laparotomies in these patients. Methods: In this article we present our experience regarding the value of laparoscopic staging and review the literature on this topic. Results and Conclusion: A direct and conclusive comparison of the controversial literature is difficult because of different study designs. Inconsistent use of high-quality CT scans significantly affects the results. However, recent studies reveal that not more than 14% of the patients benefit from diagnostic laparoscopy when a state-of-the-art CT scan has been performed previously. Therefore, we conclude that routine diagnostic laparoscopy is not justified in all patients with pancreatic cancer. Rather, selective use is appropriate, especially in patients in whom ascites is an indirect sign of peritoneal metastases, or if liver metastases cannot be surely excluded preoperatively. This approach is cost-effective and limits diagnostic laparoscopy to a subgroup of patients in whom a laparotomy can be avoided.
Disparities in receipt of adjuvant radiation therapy after breast‐conserving surgery among the cancer‐reporting regions of California

Incidence and mortality of breast cancer vary according to demographic factors such as age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and geographic region. This study assesses the variation of these factors in the use of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) among 8 regions of California.
‘We Are Mothers First’: Localocentric Articulation of Sex Worker Identity as a Key in HIV/AIDS Communication

The connection between identity and health communication has been amply documented in communication research. How an individual frames oneself with respect to and in conjunction with one's interpersonal relationships and material and communicative structures shapes one's identity. This in turn shapes how one enacts the self, given the relationships and available contexts one is embedded in, all of which have a significant influence on how one communicates about and negotiates health and illness. This study reports the results of an ethnographic field study conducted during two periods—June and August 2007 and July and August 2009, which examined, chiefly through interviews of 46 participants, how members of a community of sex workers in Kalighat, in the city of Kolkata in India, communicatively constructed their selves with respect to their prevalent cultural indices and available structures, and how enunciations and enactments of sex worker selves as “mothers first” influenced localized patterns of HIV/AIDS communication and related work practices. Sex worker narratives suggested that mainstream assumptions and identity labels that depict sex workers as incapable mothers and the concurrent HIV/AIDS practices sex workers are asked to adopt need to be questioned and transformed to effect positive changes in health and HIV/AIDS negotiation practices among members of this marginalized community.
New Developments in Electroconvulsive Therapy and Magnetic Seizure Therapy

ABSTRACT New findings regarding the mechanisms of action of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have led to novel developments in treatment technique to further improve this highly effective treatment for major depression. These new approaches include novel electrode placements, optimization of electrical stimulus parameters, and new methods for inducing more targeted seizures (eg, magnetic seizure therapy [MST]). MST is the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation to induce a seizure. Magnetic fields pass through tissue unimpeded, providing more control over the site and extent of stimulation than can be achieved with ECT. This enhanced control represents a means of focusing the treatment on target cortical structures thought to be essential to antidepressant response and reducing spread to medial temporal regions implicated in the cognitive side effects of ECT. MST is at an early stage of development. Preliminary results suggest that MST may have some advantages over ECT in terms of subjective side effects and acute cognitive functioning. Studies designed to address the antidepressant efficacy of MST are underway. As with all attempts to improve convulsive therapy technique, the clinical value of MST will need to be established through controlled clinical trials. This article reviews the experience to date with MST, and places this work in the broader context of other means of optimizing convulsive therapy in the treatment of depression.