Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coalescing-Branching Random Walks on Graphs

We study a distributed randomized information propagation mechanism in networks we call the coalescing-branching random walk (cobra walk, for short). A cobra walk is a generalization of the well-studied “standard” random walk, and is useful in modeling and understanding the Susceptible-Infected- Susceptible (SIS)-type of epidemic processes in networks. It can also be helpful in performing light-weight information dissemination in resource-constrained networks. A cobra walk is parameterized by a branching factor k. The process starts from an arbitrary vertex, which is labeled active for step 1. In each step of a cobra walk, each active vertex chooses k random neighbors to become active for the next step (“branching”). A vertex is active for step t + 1 only if it is chosen by an active vertex in step t (“coalescing”). This results in a stochastic process in the underlying network with properties that are quite different from both the standard random walk (which is equivalent to the cobra walk with branching factor 1) as well as other gossip-based rumor spreading mechanisms. We focus on the cover time of the cobra walk, which is the number of steps for the walk to reach all the vertices, and derive almost-tight bounds for various graph classes. We show an O(log 2n) high probability bound for the cover time of cobra walks on expanders, if either the expansion factor or the branching factor is sufficiently large; we also obtain an O(log n) high probability bound for the partial cover time, which is the number of steps needed for the walk to reach at least a constant fraction of the vertices. We also show that the cover time of the cobra walk is, with high probability, O(nlog n) on any n-vertex tree for k ≥ 2, Õ(n1/d) on a d-dimensional grid for k ≥ 2, and O(log n) on the complete graph.
The cytokines of the immune system : the role of cytokines in disease related to immune response

The Cytokines of the Immune System catalogs cytokines and links them to physiology and pathology, providing a welcome and hugely timely tool for scientists in all related fields. In cataloguing cytokines, it lists their potential for therapeutic use, links them to disease treatments needing further research and development, and shows their utility for learning about the immune system. This book offers a new approach in the study of cytokines by combining detailed guidebook-style cytokine description, disease linking, and presentation of immunologic roles. * Supplies new ideas for basic and clinical research* Provides cytokine descriptions in a guidebook-style, cataloging the origins, structures, functions, receptors, disease-linkage, and therapeutic potentials* Offers a textbook-style view on the immune system with the immunologic role of each cytokine
On the Computational Precision of Finite Element Algorithms in Slope Stability Problems

Although the finite element method (FEM) has been used extensively to analyse the slope stability problems, the computational precision and definition of failure are still two main key concepts of finite element algorithms that attract the attention of researchers. In this paper, the modified Euler algorithm and the explicit modified Euler algorithm with stress corrections are used to analyse two dimensional (2D) slope stability problems with the associated flow rule, based on the shear strength reduction method. The rounded hyperbolic Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) yield surface is applied. Effects of the element type and various definitions of failure on the computational precision of 2D slope stability problems are evaluated. Conclusions can be drawn that the modified Euler scheme is applicable when the factor of safety (FOS) is small; however, the explicit modified Euler algorithm with stress corrections is more precise if the factor of safety is relatively large. The fully integrated quadrilateral isoparametric element is better than the triangular element in terms of the precision. With respect to the definition of failure, the displacement mutation of the characteristic point combining with the continuums of the plastic zone can be regarded as a reliable definition of failure and can be widely used to perform and analyse numerical simulations of slope stability problems.
Latrine Availability and Associated Factors among Religious Institutions in Northern Ethiopia, 2018

Background Religious institutions found in the community not only uphold belief and cultural values but can also act as a force for positive change and development. Improved sanitation and hygiene are crucial in these institutions to decrease preventable infections due to unsanitary conditions. However, there are no studies among religious institutions on availability of latrines. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess latrine availability and associated factors among religious institutions in the Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Method An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in the Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia. Multistage sampling was used to sample 385 religious institutions. Data were collected using a pretested, structured questionnaire and observation checklist. Logistic regression was fitted, and an odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) with p value less than 0.05 was used to determine the predictors of latrine availability. Analysis was carried out using the SPSS 20TM software package. Results In this study, latrine availability was 32.8%. It was significantly affected by currently saved money towards having a latrine (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.25, 0.42]), any messages seen, heard, or received on sanitation and hygiene (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI [0.38, 0.51]), and the place where messages were seen, heard, or received (AOR: 2.95, 95% CI [1.11, 5.55]). Conclusion Latrine availability was very low when compared to the national target of 100% among religious institutions and was affected by the currently saved money towards having a latrine, any messages seen, heard, or received on sanitation and hygiene, and the place where the messages were received. Information regarding latrine availability should be provided to the community visiting religious institutions through available channels and promotion of practical models.
Relationship between emergency hospital admissions and air pollution (PM10) in children under ten years old

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of the principal urban pollutants (PM10, O3, SO2, NO2, and NOx) on daily emergency hospital admissions of children less than ten years of age in Madrid. The data series of daily emergency hospital admissions examined for this study covered the period of January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2000 (n=1,292). Causes of emergency hospital admissions were grouped into the following categories: total organic disease causes (ICD-9: 1-799), circulatory diseases admissions (ICD-9: 390-459) and admissions due to respiratory system diseases (ICD-9: 460-519). Poisson Regression Models were used to quantify the qualitative associations detected between such admissions and air pollutants. Meteorological variables (daily temperature, relative humidity and pressure) and other variables such as influenza epidemics and grass concentrations were used as controlling variables. In addition, trends and periodicities were considered to act as controls for possible confounding factors. The main result obtained was the detected relationship (p 50 µg/m 3 and emergency hospital admissions, mostly due to respiratory causes. Significant associations also appeared for NOx due to respiratory causes but not for the rest of the considered pollutants (NO2, SO2 and O3).
Daisuke Nakamura1,2 · Makoto Yoshimitsu2 · Tomohisa Tabuchi1,2 · Naosuke Arima1,2 · Maiko Hayashida1,2 · Hirosaka Inoue1,2 · Kakushi Matsushita1,2 · Tadashi Matsumoto1 · Naomichi Arima2 · Kenji Ishitsuka2

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a peripheral T-cell neoplasm associated with the human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-1); prognosis still remains very poor. We retrospectively reviewed the treatment of 198 patients with acute-, lymphomaand unfavorable chronic-type ATL (aggressive ATL) diagnosed from 2005 to 2014 in a hospital located in an area of Japan in which HTLV-1 is highly endemic. One-hundred forty-three, and 35 patients were treated using OPEC/ MPEC and VCAP-AMP-VECP, respectively. OPEC/MPEC was mainly used until around 2010, and gradually switched to VCAP-AMP-VECP, especially for younger patients. The 2-year overall survival for patients treated by VCAP-AMP-VECP was significantly higher than that using OPEC/MPEC for patients < 70 years old (y.o.), but not for patients ≥ 70 y.o. A less intensive chemotherapy OPEC/MPEC could be performed without reducing dose intensity, even in elderly patients, and its therapeutic outcome is not inferior to that of VCAP-AMP-VECP. It is difficult to draw definite conclusion from this small retrospective study; however, OPEC/MPEC may represent an alternative option for elderly patients with aggressive ATL.
International Profiles of Health Care Systems: Australia, Canada, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Japan, Iceland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States

This publication presents overviews of the health care systems of Australia, Canada, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Japan, Iceland, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. Each overview covers health insurance, public and private financing, health system organization, quality of care, health disparities, efficiency and integration, care coordination, use of health information technology, use of evidence-based practice, cost containment, and recent reforms and innovations. In addition, summary tables provide data on a number of key health system characteristics and performance indicators, including overall health care spending, hospital spending and utilization, health care access, patient safety, care coordination, chronic care management, disease prevention, capacity for quality improvement, and public views.
The role and mechanisms of angiotensin II in regulating the natriuretic peptide gene expression in response to cardiac overload

Heart responds to pathological hemodynamic stress by increasing cardiac myocyte size, reprogramming gene expression and enhancing contractile protein synthesis. Neurohumoral factors mediate hypertrophic adaptation either directly via specific receptors or indirectly by increasing blood pressure and cardiac load. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene expression during cardiac overload. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of Ang II in regulating cardiac gene expression were studied. Hemodynamic stress was produced by Ang II or nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-Larginine methyl ester (L-NAME) administration in conscious rats. Despite hypertension and increased left ventricular ANP and BNP mRNA levels, L-NAME administration for 8 weeks did not induce left ventricular hypertrophy. Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonism decreased significantly L-NAME-induced hypertension and ventricular ANP gene expression. Ang II-induced cardiac overload produced significant increase in ventricular ANP and BNP mRNA levels at 12 and 72 h, respectively. To study whether the factors synthesized by adrenals modulate the response of Ang II, the effects of adrenalectomy were studied. In Ang II-treated rats, adrenalectomy either abolished or blunted the early activation of ANP and BNP gene expression, respectively. Ang II infusion for 2 weeks increased cardiac mass and blood pressure measured by telemetry, and produced changes in diastolic function detected by echocardiography. By using direct plasmid DNA injections into the rat myocardium, BNP promoter activity was observed to increase at 2 h and remain up-regulated up to 2 weeks of Ang II infusion, except at 12 h. BNP mRNA levels increased at 2 h but decreased to basal levels after 72 h. Mutation of GATA elements of the BNP promoter and DNA binding assays revealed that GATA4 mediates the Ang II-responsiveness of the BNP gene. These results indicate that Ang II plays an important role in regulating natriuretic peptide gene expression during cardiac overload. ANP and BNP gene expression in the rat heart is modulated by the adrenal factors during Ang II-stimulated hemodynamic stress and the AT1 receptor antagonism in NO-deficient hypertension. Moreover, ventricular BNP gene expression in Ang II-induced hypertension in vivo is controlled by posttranscriptional mechanisms and GATA elements.
composition of human skeletal muscle. Effect of training on enzyme activity and fiber

You might find this additional info useful.This article has been cited by€29 other HighWire-hosted articles: http://jap.physiology. org/content/34/1/107.citation#cited-by Updated information and services including high resolution figures, can be found at: http://jap.physiology. org/content/34/1/107.citation. fullAdditional material and information about Journal of Applied Physiology can be found at: http://www.the-aps.org/publications/japplThis information is current as of June 4, 2013.
Translation Research for Chronic Disease

Diabetes is a prototypical chronic disease that imposes a large public health burden (1). Although basic and clinical research has provided efficacious treatments, the quality of care for people with diabetes remains suboptimal (2,3). We wanted to explore the reasons why the existence of efficacious treatments has not reduced the burden of diabetes. In this article, we briefly review the burden of diabetes, the extensive availability of proven treatments, and the inadequate implementation of such treatments. We then argue that efficacy or mechanism research, which is aimed at understanding the causes of disease and the efficacy (proof under ideal conditions) of treatments, cannot ameliorate the burden of chronic disease without more concomitant translation research to change and improve clinical practice at the population level. We then describe translation research and its key elements in the context of other models of research, in particular as an extension of effectiveness research, and contrast translation research with the more widely practiced mechanism research.
A Model of User Acceptance of Learning Management Systems

Digital technologies are revolutionizing the practices of teaching and learning at colleges and universities all around the world. With the emergence of internet and web technologies, tertiary institutions are increasingly exploring the potential use of e-learning technologies to cater for the ever growing demands of flexible teaching needs in distance education. The teaching institutions are making significant efforts in e-learning development and investing significantly in associated information technology infrastructure with the expectation of high return on their investment. However, in spite of this effort and investment the teachers and faculty do not always use the technology as expected and more often e-learning systems continue to be underutilised. This research investigates the factors that influence or inhibit the adoption of e-learning systems in the universities, institutes of technology and polytechnics in New Zealand. A cross section of teaching staff from different tertiary institutions was surveyed to ascertain their views on adopting learning management systems (LMS) in their teaching process. The survey questionnaire is based on factors that are being advocated by well known practitioners and academics, which were identified through a literature review. The study reveals three key groups of factors: individual, system and organisational, affecting the adoption of e-learning systems in the tertiary institutions. The report introduces a theoretical framework for user acceptance of e-learning systems and presents a detailed analysis for factors relating to: (a) individual characteristics (b) individual perceptions (c) LMS system characteristics (d) external system characteristics (e) organisational support and (f) organisational characteristics. The results show that whilst individual factors have significant contribution to the LMS adoption, the system and organisational factors are most crucial for user acceptance in elearning systems. The users ranked that release time for staff, the ease of use of LMS, perceived usefulness of LMS, training and support to develop online content and the reliability of information and communication technology infrastructure are the five most essential factors for staff uptake in e-learning systems.
General practitioners' opinion of a new psychiatry of old age service

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the reaction of local general practitioners to a new psychiatry of old age service 10 months following its inception. Method: An anonymous questionnaire was sent to all GPs in the catchment area of the Service. Questions asked the opinion of GPs on structure and process of the Service, and also asked for suggestions as to how the Service could patients did not have any reservations about being seen by a psychiatrist, but 72% of rural GPs felt the location of the service base (in the city) was a problem. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that GPs are reasonably satisfied with the initial service offered by the new specialty. Future service developments must address issues highlighted such as access to the service for patients living outside the city, improving the inpatient facilities for patients with a functional mental illness, and improving communication with GPs.
Bootstrapped Graph Diffusions

Graph-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms predict labels for all nodes based on provided labels of a small set of seed nodes. Classic methods capture the graph structure through some underlying diffusion process that propagates through the graph edges. Spectral diffusion, which includes personalized page rank and label propagation, propagates through random walks. Social diffusion propagates through shortest paths. These diffusions are linear in the sense of not distinguishing between contributions of few "strong" relations or many "weak" relations. Recent methods such as node embeddings and graph convolutional networks (GCN) attained significant gains in quality for SSL tasks. These methods vary on how the graph structure, seed label information, and other features are used, but do share a common thread of nonlinearity that suppresses weak relations and reenforces stronger ones. Aiming for quality gain with more scalable methods, we revisit classic linear diffusion methods and place them in a self-training framework. The resulting bootstrapped diffusions are nonlinear in that they re-enforce stronger relations, as with the more complex methods. Surprisingly, we observe that SSL with bootstrapped diffusions not only significantly improves over the respective non-bootstrapped baselines but also outperform state-of-the-art SSL methods. Moreover, since the self-training wrapper retains the scalability of the base method, we obtain both higher quality and better scalability.
Joins via Geometric Resolutions

We present a simple geometric framework for the relational join. Using this framework, we design an algorithm that achieves the fractional hypertree-width bound, which generalizes classical and recent worst-case algorithmic results on computing joins. In addition, we use our framework and the same algorithm to show a series of what are colloquially known as beyond worst-case results. The framework allows us to prove results for data stored in BTrees, multidimensional data structures, and even multiple indices per table. A key idea in our framework is formalizing the inference one does with an index as a type of geometric resolution, transforming the algorithmic problem of computing joins to a geometric problem. Our notion of geometric resolution can be viewed as a geometric analog of logical resolution. In addition to the geometry and logic connections, our algorithm can also be thought of as backtracking search with memoization.
. O R I G I N A L P A P E R.r . Surgical Patients' Perceptions of the Care Provided by Student Nurses

Objectives: For understanding the importance of the qualified n ursing,the feedbacks, given by the patients, are significant for the student nurses,who have just be gan to recognize nursing. The aim of this study, to determine surgical patients’ perceptions of the care provided by the student nurses. Methods: This descriptive study was performed in Trakya Uni versity Research and application Center, General surgery wards, between December 14, 2009 and January 28, 2010, with 169 patients. Data were collected via “Personel Information Form” and “Patient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing (PPHEN)” and were evaluated via frequency, percentage, t-test, varian ce and correlations analysis. Results: The average age of patients was 47.58±11.62, 50.9% of patients was female and PPHEN score was 67.94±7.90. There was no significant correlation be tween PPHEN score and demographic feaures. Satisfaction of the nursing care was high among the patients wit h low educational status. No relation between PPHEN score and chronic illness, surgical experience, preoperat ive education, mobilization was detected. Conclusion: Patients were satisfied with nursing care given by students who take care of them. Lowered expectations related to the low educational status increase the satisfaction with the nursing care. It is recommended to provide the students with more time with the patients and that the student nurses shoul d be more active in the personal care of the surgical pa tients and encouraged to communicate with them.
Perspectives on Imitation: From Neuroscience to Social Science

Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.
Mobile Devices and Investment Apps: The Effects of Information Release, Push Notification and the Fear of Missing Out

We examine how information dissemination via mobile device applications (apps) affects nonprofessional investors' judgments. In response to the prevalence of mobile device use, the media ungroups content into smaller pieces to accommodate users, and apps use push notifications to highlight this content. These changes increase users' ability to access investment information in real time, leaving some investors feeling as if they are missing out if they are not continuously connected. We validate a scale to capture investors' fear of missing out on investment information (I-FoMO) and document that I-FoMO is distinct from traditional FoMO that occurs in social settings. Then, using an experiment, we find that receiving ungrouped content via a mobile device has a greater effect on investment allocations in the presence, rather than absence, of push notifications. Further, we find that these results hold for higher, but not for lower, I-FoMO investors. JEL Classifications: G23; M41; M48; M49. Data Availability: Contact the authors.