Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High variability of nitrosamine metabolism among individuals: Role of cytochromes P450 2A6 and 2E1 in the dealkylation of N‐nitrosodimethylamine and N‐nitrosodiethylamine in mice and humans

We undertook this study to answer several questions regarding nitrosamine metabolism. Kinetics of nitrosamine metabolism showed the involvement of at least two enzymes in the dealkylation of N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in mouse liver microsomes. Coumarin inhibited both reactions competitively. On the other hand, microsomal coumarin 7‐hydroxylase was inhibited by NDMA (Ki 2.7 mM) and NDEA (Ki 0.013 mM). The big difference in the Ki values suggests a higher affinity of NDEA than NDMA to Cyp2a‐5 (mouse cytochrome P450coh). A specific antibody against Cyp2a‐5 inhibited more of the microsomal NDEA (up to 90%) than NDMA (up to 40%) dealkylation. The converse was true with anti‐Cyp2e‐1 antibody. These results suggest that the primary substrate for Cyp2a‐5 is NDEA and for Cyp2e‐1, NDMA. Western blot analysis of human liver microsomes showed a great interindividual variation in the amounts of CYP2A6 (human cytochrome P450coh) and CYP2E1. Also, courmarin 7‐hydroxylation and nitrosamine dealkylation varied greatly among individuals. A high correlation (r = 0.93, P < 0.001) was found between NDEA and coumarin metabolism. Both activities were associated with CYP2A6. On the other hand, little or no correlation was found between microsomal CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 or between CYP2E1 and NDEA dealkylation. Immunoinhibition of human microsomal NDEA metabolism by CYP2a‐5 antibody varied greatly among individuals (10–90%), suggesting, as in the case of mice, that NDEA is metabolized primarily by CYP2A6, at least in some individuals. Taken together the data suggest that (1) the metabolic activation of nitrosamines in humans varies greatly among individuals; (2) different nitrosamines may partially be metabolized by different cytochrome P450 isozymes; and (3) because of similarities between nitrosamine metabolism in mice and humans, inbred strains of mice would be relevant experimental models for studying nitrosamine activation.
THE ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS CHINESE PRODUCTS IN MANADO

Product is one of the marketing tools, and something that marketers offer to market, which the target is to meet the consumer needs and wants. China becomes one of the largest countries that produced many products. Many of the Chinese products enter the market almost around the world. This research is conduct in Manado, North Sulawesi. The objectives of this research are to analyze consumer perception towards Chinese products, partially and simultaneously. This research is the causal type of research where it will investigate the influence of elements on consumer perception. Use multiple regression models to answer the research problem. The population in this study is a consumers of Chinese products, whereas samples taken by each respondent 100 respondents. The hypothesis testing, this research conduct a conclusion of there is a significant influence of Country of Origin, Product Quality, Product Type, and Price Sensitivity simultaneously and there is a significant influence of Product Type and Price Sensitivity partially on Consumer Perception. This study reveals that price sensitivity is a mental decision that made by the consumer has a strong influence factor in order to buy a product, when consumer go for purchasing, they prefer to purchase a product with affordable price. Keywords: consumer perception, product type, price sensitivity.
Nutrient Intake and Factors Influencing Eating Behaviors in Older Migrant Women Living in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT This study examines nutrient intake and factors influencing eating behaviors in a sample of 76 migrant older women (≥ 60 years) living in the UK. Nutrient intake was assessed using a 24-hr recall enhanced by an in-depth probing dietary interview. Median energy intake was significantly lower than the UK RNIs (5,125.4 v. 7,301.1 kJ/d, p < .001). Main nutrients of concern were retinol, vitamin D, magnesium, potassium, copper, selenium, and monounsaturated fatty acids. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a subsample (n = 46) and analyzed using thematic analysis. Although women were knowledgeable about what constitutes a healthy diet, factors such as the presence and awareness of obesity and noncommunicable diseases, changes to household roles, and dietary restrictions related to religious beliefs were identified key influences on participants’ dietary intake. Strategies targeting this population need to promote not only a healthy energy balance, but also dietary adequacy to optimize nutrient intake.
Relevance of heart rate as a prognostic factor in patients with acute myocardial infarction: insights from the GISSI-2 study.

AIMS It is as yet undefined whether simple indexes of autonomic balance such as heart rate (HR) may play a role in risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to quantify the prognostic significance of HR from the surface ECG obtained both at entry and at discharge, in a large population of patients all treated with fibrinolysis during the acute phase and having confirmed acute MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Surface ECGs obtained at entry and at discharge in patients with confirmed MI enrolled in the GISSI-2 study, a large multicentre trial of different thrombolytic agents, were retrieved. Heart rhythm was evaluated and HR was measured; these data were then added to the main database of GISSI-2 allowing a complete evaluation of the prognostic significance of HR. Patients not in sinus rhythm or with grade 2-3 atrioventricular block were excluded. The prognostic significance of HR (cut-offs predefined at 60, 80, 100 beats.min-1) at entry for in-hospital mortality and at discharge for 6-month mortality was evaluated in the general population and in predefined subgroups. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the independent prognostic value of HR. A total of 8915 patients (more than 70% of the original population) were suitable for the analysis. There was a progressive increase in mortality with increasing HR in the general population (from 7.1% for HR < 60 beats.min-1) to 23.4% for HR > 100 beats.min-1) and in the predefined subgroups. Multivariate analysis showed that HR exerted an independent prognostic significance. Data for analysis of HR at discharge were available for 7831 patients. Consistent with the data observed at entry, a progressive increase of 6-month mortality with increasing HR was present in the general population (from 0.8% for HR < 60 beats.min-1) to 14.3% for HR > 100 beats.min-1) and for the different predefined subgroups. Multivariate analysis confirmed the independent prognostic significance of HR. There was no relation between HR and the incidence of fatal and non-fatal reinfarction. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that HR values from a standard 12-lead ECG independently predict mortality in patients with acute MI during the in-hospital phase and after discharge. This simple index appears very useful for risk stratification in clinical practice.
The Effects of Corporate Governance on Bank Performance: Evidence from the Arabian Peninsula

Whereas banks operate under different management, board of directors, ownership structures, and government regulations, there is no specific optimal corporate governance model that may be applied to all banks. This study investigates the effect of internal corporate governance mechanisms such as board structure, ownership structure, and audit function as well as other variables such as bank size and bank age on bank financial performance. The sample of the study comprises of both conventional and Islamic banks operating in the seven Arabian Peninsula countries, namely Yemen and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. Regression analysis (OLS) is used to test the aforementioned effect. The results of this study reveal that there is a significant relationship between corporate governance and bank profitability. Board meetings and bank age have positive and significant effects on ROE. Meanwhile, board independence and bank size have negative and significant effects on ROA. In addition, while bank age and board committees have positive effects on Profit Margin, ownership concentration has a negative effect on this profitability measure. These results are consistent with previous studies. However, the literature indicate that the correlation between corporate governance and bank performance is still not clearly established and that impact of corporate governance on bank financial performance in developing countries is still relatively limited.
Screening strategy using sequential serum D-dimer assay for the detection and prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective brain tumor surgery

Abstract Objective. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a life-threatening complication in neurosurgical patients. This study retrospectively analyzed the effectiveness and safety of a screening strategy for the detection and prevention of VTE in patients undergoing elective brain tumor surgery. Patients. A total of 419 consecutive patients who underwent brain tumor surgery during 5 years were enrolled. At the midpoint of the study period, screening for VTE was introduced based on measurement of serum D-dimer level on the day after surgery and then once or twice every week. Anticoagulant therapy was started after the diagnosis of VTE. The two groups with (228 patients) and without (191 patients) screening were compared. Results. Most of the demographic and clinical characteristics were relatively well balanced in the groups. VTE was diagnosed in 23 (5.5%) patients overall; the rate was higher in the screening group (7.0%) than in the non-screening group (3.7%). Although the rate of VTE-related adverse events was lower in the screening group (1.3% vs. 2.6%), the rate of hemorrhagic complications was higher (2.2% vs. 0.5%). Multivariate analysis indicated that malignant histology and preoperative paresis were independent risk factors for the diagnosis of VTE. Conclusions. Many VTE patients may not exhibit signs or symptoms, so screening using surrogate markers for VTE (D-dimer) may be useful in the early detection of asymptomatic VTE. However, most distal, deep venous thrombosis in isolation is not life-threatening, so the added efficacy of anticoagulant agents at this stage has to be weighed against the risks of hemorrhagic complications, especially in the early postoperative period.
Active adults recall their physical activity differently to less active adults: test-retest reliability and validity of a physical activity survey.

ISSUE ADDRESSED This paper determined the test-retest reliability and criterion validity of a modified version of the Active Australia Survey (AAS) and whether these properties varied across participants' activity levels. METHODS Participants (n=63) responded to repeat administrations of the AAS and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. Analyses used Spearman's rho (rs,) or weighted kappa (κ) and Bland-Altman methods. Variation in mean difference and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) across average levels of activity were tested by linear regression. RESULTS Reliability correlations (rs; 95% confidence intervals (CI)) for minutes per week ranged from 0.40 (0.16, 0.59) to 0.80 (0.68, 0.87). For days per week, the agreement (κ; 95% CI) between administrations ranged from 0.43 (0.34, 0.73) to 0.83 (0.61, 0.93). There was a small mean difference between administrations (-8.46 moderate-vigorous minutes per week); 95% LOA widened as participants' average activity levels increased. Validity correlations (rs; 95% CI) for minutes per week ranged from 0.50 (0.28, 0.66) to 0.61 (0.43, 0.75). For days per week, the agreement (κ; 95% CI) ranged from 0.35 (0.10, 0.50) to 0.61 (0.29, 0.87). The mean difference between the AAS and accelerometer and 95% LOA both varied with participants' activity levels. CONCLUSIONS The reliability and validity of the modified AAS were better than those of previously published versions, but varied according to participants' activity levels. So what? In this study, participants who engaged in more activity had more measurement error than less active participants. This proportionality will have important implications for cross-sectional and intervention studies. This phenomenon needs to be examined for other self-reported physical activity measures.
Resident Use of the Internet, E-Mail, and Personal Electronics in the Care of Surgical Patients

Background: The use of smartphones, e-mail, and the Internet has affected virtually all areas of patient care. Current university and hospital policies concerning the use of devices may be incongruent with day-to-day patient care. Purpose: The goal was to assess the current usage patterns of the Internet, e-mail, and personal electronics for clinical purposes by surgical residents as well as their communication habits and preferences. Also assessed was residents’ knowledge regarding the institutional policies surrounding these issues. Methods: Surgical residents (n = 294) at a large teaching institution were surveyed regarding their knowledge of university policies as well as daily use of various communication technologies. Communication preferences were determined using theoretical clinical scenarios. Results: Our survey with a response rate of 54.7% (n = 161) revealed that 93.8% of participants indicated daily Internet use for clinical duties. Most respondents (72%) were either completely unaware of the existence of guidelines for its use or aware but had no familiarity with their content. Use of e-mail for clinical duties was common (85%), and 74% of the respondents rated e-mail as “very important” or “extremely important” for patient care. Everyone who responded had a mobile phone with 98.7% being “smartphones,” which the majority (82.9%) stated was “very important” or “extremely important” for patient care. Text messaging was the primary communication method for 57.8% of respondents. The traditional paging system was the primary communication method for only 1.3% of respondents and the preferred method for none. Conclusions: Daily use of technology is the norm among residents; however, knowledge of university guidelines was exceedingly low. Residents need better education regarding current guidelines. Current guidelines do not reflect current clinical practice. Hospitals should consider abandoning the traditional paging system and consider facilitating better use of residents’ mobile phones.
Obstetric complications and risk for conversion to psychosis among individuals at high clinical risk

Aim: Examining risk factors among high‐risk populations stands to inform treatment and to elucidate our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Despite substantial evidence implicating the incidence of obstetric complications (OCs) as a risk factor for schizophrenia, little is known about the relationship between OCs and risk for conversion among high‐risk individuals.
An empirical study of the information content and insider trading around open market share repurchase announcements

This paper employs a conditional event study to analyze managers' motives to announce a share repurchase while at the same time exploring the factors that drive a firm's abnormal announcement return. We find that firms that have more free cash flow and less debt are more likely to initiate a repurchase. We also document that the market reacts more positively to announcements made by firms that exhibit poor pre-announcement stock price performance as well as firms that seek to buy back a higher percentage of shares. We do not find any significant positive correlation between managers' private information and unexplained abnormal returns, which suggests that the market's discovery of insiders' private information has already been incorporated into abnormal returns, or that the announcement return may be explained entirely by public information as predicted by the agency hypothesis. This study also provides complementary evidence on the information content of open market repurchases by analyzing insider trading activities around the repurchase announcements. We show that in general, insiders in repurchasing firms tend to decrease their selling activity and increase their buying activity before repurchase announcements. After the announcement, the differences in insider trading activity between repurchasing firms and non-repurchasing firms are largely insignificant
Differences in utilization of asthma drugs between two neighbouring Swedish provinces: relation to treatment in individuals with airway disease

Abstract. Objective. To assess the extent to which drugs were used by individuals found to have asthma in a population survey. To assess the relative influence of the proportion of patients treated and doses reported on the sales of drugs. To study if observed differences in sales of asthma drugs between the county of Jämtland (with high sales) and Gävleborg (with lower sales) correlated to a difference in the control of the disease.
Can't Get No Reproduction: Leading Researchers Discuss the Problem of Irreproducible Results.

In recent years, there has been an upswing in both retractions of scientific papers and failures to reproduce published results. Ruth Williams asks researchers what is going on and what can be done. Back in the days when I was a bench scientist, I remember feeling happiest not when I had made a new discovery but when someone else repeated it. Until that point, I would have creeping doubts that perhaps I had done something wrong or missed something important. When someone independently reproduced my results, it meant I could relax. I am perhaps a little prone to worry, but luckily, my anxieties had a scientific basis. Like my colleagues, I knew that any eureka moment would be just the start of a potential scientific story and that the plot would go nowhere until the initial results were confirmed. Reproducibility in science is as important as any new hypothesis or discovery. Indeed, the three are inextricably linked like spokes on a wheel propelling science forward, and it is reproducibility that prevents that wheel from meandering down irrelevant paths. It is disquieting then that the results presented in a large number of scientific papers seem to be irreproducible. In the August 28th issue of Science , a report by the Open Science Collaboration—a contingent of the nonprofit Center for Open Science—revealed that of 100 published psychology experiments the group attempted to replicate, just one third to one half were successfully reproduced.1 Similarly, attempts by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to confirm published preclinical data have failed more often than not. Biotechnology company Amgen, for example, succeeded in replicating the results of just 6 of 53 (11%) selected high-impact papers, whereas pharmaceutical giant Bayer HealthCare was only able to reproduce findings of ≈25% of research papers.2 Furthermore, these failed replication attempts …
Infrared gold alloy brazing on titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy surfaces and its application to removable prosthodontics.

PURPOSE This study investigated the area size of the flow of a gold braze alloy on commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates, and elemental composition at the interface was determined. In the second part of this study, the tensile strengths of titanium plates brazed using a gold alloy were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chips of Type IV gold alloy and silver braze alloys were melted onto commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V surfaces in a dental infrared radiation unit. Flow area of each braze alloy was measured using a digital image analyzer. Tensile specimens (n = 5) were also prepared by infrared brazing using the braze alloys. Five specimens for each combination of the two titanium plates and the two braze alloys were subjected to tensile loading using a Universal testing machine. Electronprobe microanalysis of x-rays at cross-section of the brazed joints to determine elemental composition across the interface, as well as scanning electron microscopic observation at the fracture surfaces, were also conducted. RESULTS The braze alloys flowed well and spread over the Ti and Ti-6Al-4V plates. Braze alloy type significantly influenced flow, and the gold alloy flowed less on the titanium materials. The mean tensile strengths of Ti and Ti-6Al-4V plates brazed using the gold braze alloy were 219 MPa and 417 MPa, respectively. The fracture surfaces of Ti-6Al-4V specimens with the gold braze alloy exhibited typical ductile behavior. Ti with the same braze alloy showed brittle surfaces. A greater concentration of Cu was found at the Ti with gold braze interface. CONCLUSION The flow and the tensile strength of the gold alloy coating on titanium surface by means of an infrared brazing is adequate for dental use.
Invisible Man

Social exclusion results in lowered satisfaction of basic needs and shapes behavior in subsequent social situations. We investigated participants’ immediate behavioral response during exclusion from an interaction that consisted of establishing eye contact. A newly developed eye-tracker-based “looking game” was employed; participants exchanged looks with two virtual partners in an exchange where the player who had just been looked at chose whom to look at next. While some participants received as many looks as the virtual players (included), others were ignored after two initial looks (excluded). Excluded participants reported lower basic need satisfaction, lower evaluation of the interaction, and devaluated their interaction partners more than included participants, demonstrating that people are sensitive to epistemic ostracism. In line with William’s need-threat model, eye-tracking results revealed that excluded participants did not withdraw from the unfavorable interaction, but increased the number of looks to the player who could potentially reintegrate them.
Site(s) and ionic basis of α‐autoinhibition and facilitation of [3H]noradrenaline secretion in guinea‐pig vas deferens

1. Mechanisms controlling the secretion of [3H]noradrenaline from the noradrenergic nerves of guinea‐pig isolated vas deferens, prelabelled by incubation with [3H]noradrenaline, were studied using (a) different modes of (extramural or transmural) electrical nerve stimulation (a total of 300 shocks of varying strength, and a duration of 2 msec) at 1‐30 Hz, or (b) depolarizing concentrations of K+ (60‐110 m m).