Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic Hybrid Cavity-Channel Structure for Tunable Narrow-Band Optical Absorption

A hybrid plasmonic structure consisting of adjacent U-shaped cavities separated by a nanochannel is proposed for tunable and narrow-band selection of light. The hybrid cavity-channel structure achieves absorption resonance with a bandwidth, defined as the full-width at half-maximum, of 1.5 nm and tunable property in the near-infrared and infrared regions. The hybrid structure resonance originates in the coupling of horizontal surface plasmon mode of the U-cavity with channel mode, which sustains stationary-surface-plasmons in the channel with antinodes at the channel entrances enabling light concentration and nodes at the channel exits enabling light confinement. As a result of the coupling, a sharp and strong absorption resonance is readily adjustable by varying the geometrical parameters of the U-cavity while keeping the channel parameters unchanged.
Barriers to ultrasound training in critical care medicine fellowships: A survey of program directors

Objective:Ultrasonography is an effective tool for making quick diagnoses and guiding therapeutic procedures. National organizations have advocated increasing the use of critical care ultrasonography. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of teaching of critical care ultrasonography in fellowship programs. In addition, we hoped to identify barriers to establishment of ultrasound training programs. Design:All pulmonary/critical care and critical care medicine (CCM) program directors in the United States were invited to participate in an online survey. We asked respondents for demographic information about their programs and perceived barriers to training, as well as current training opportunities for their fellows in five aspects of critical care ultrasonography. A five-point Likert scale was used for survey answers. Setting:Web-based survey. Subjects:Pulmonary/critical care and CCM program directors in the United States. Interventions:Web-based survey. Measurements and Main Results:Ninety (66%) of 136 program directors responded. Ultrasonography training was offered by fellowship programs in the following areas: vascular access (98%), lung and pleural (74%), cardiac (55%), vascular diagnostic (33%), and abdominal (37%). Ninety-two percent of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that ultrasound training is useful, and 80% were interested in getting their fellows trained. Forty-one percent indicated that they lacked sufficient faculty trained in ultrasound use. Eighty-four percent agreed or strongly agreed that fellow turnover was an impediment to training. Forty-eight percent believed that cardiac echocardiography required a long training time. Conclusions:Although ultrasound training in vascular access was nearly universal, training in other aspects of ultrasound was less prevalent. We identified several barriers, including fellow turnover, insufficient faculty training, and perceived length of time required for echocardiography training.
Do Investment Opportunities reduce managers ’ motivation to inflate earnings ? Evidence from European financially constrained firms

In this study we examine whether investment opportunities affect financial reporting decisions. In particular, we hypothesize and test whether financially constrained companies are more prone to bloat their earnings and whether high investment opportunities could reduce managers’ motivation to inflate earnings. We analyze a large sample of European firms during 2005-2007 and find that there is an inflating tendency widespread among financially constrained companies but the tendency is reversed for those with higher growth potential. Moreover, we find that companies that used accounting discretion to create hidden reserves, with larger income-decreasing discretionary accruals, invest more than those with smaller accruals, both positive and negative. This results suggest that managers of financially constrained companies, before undertaking an investment project, have a lower incentive to bloat earnings, and, instead, could use discretion to create reserves ex ante in order to report satisfying investment results ex post, preventing to “ratchet-up” the expectations of future earnings and getting away from negative surprises. We also find that, for constrained firms, income-decreasing earnings management ex-ante is associated with a lower likelihood of under-investments ex-post.
Annotation: the analysis of variance and the analysis of causes.

explicitly the chief programmatic fallacy committed by those who argue so strongly for the importance of heritability measures for human traits. The fallacy is that a knowledge of the heritability of some trait in a population provides an index of the efficacy of environmental or clinical intervention in altering the trait either in individuals or in the population as a whole. This fallacy, sometimes propagated even by geneticists, who should know better, arises from the confusion between the technical meaning of heritablility and the everyday meaning of the word. A trait can have a heritability of 1.0 in a population at some time, yet this could be completely altered in the future by a simple environmental change. If this were not the case, ‘inborn errors of metabolism’ would be forever incurable, which is patently untrue. But the misunderstanding about the relationship between heritability and phenotypic plasticity is not simply the result of an ignorance of genetics on the part of psychologists and electronic engineers. It arises from the entire system of analysis of causes through linear models, embodied in the analysis of variance and covariance and in path analysis. It is indeed ironic that while Morton and his colleagues dispute the erroneous programmatic conclusions that are drawn from the analysis of human phenotypic variation, they nevertheless rely heavily for their analytic techniques on the very linear models that are responsible for the confusion. I would like to look rather closely at the problem of the analysis of causes in human genetics and to try to understand how the underlying model of this analysis moulds our view of the real world. I will begin by saying some very obvious and elementary things about causes, but I will come thereby to some very annoying conclusions.
β-Hairpin Loop of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 1 (eIF1) Mediates 40 S Ribosome Binding to Regulate Initiator tRNAMet Recruitment and Accuracy of AUG Selection in Vivo * ♦

Background: Start codon selection requires eIF1 dissociation from its 40 S-binding site. Results: eIF1 residues in β-hairpin loop-1 and helix α1 make functionally critical contacts with the 40 S subunit. Conclusion: Direct 40 S contacts of eIF1 regulate the rate of Met-tRNAi recruitment and block non-AUG recognition. Significance: eIF1's direct contacts with the 40 S subunit are crucial for AUG recognition in vivo. Recognition of the translation initiation codon is thought to require dissociation of eIF1 from the 40 S ribosomal subunit, enabling irreversible GTP hydrolysis (Pi release) by the eIF2·GTP·Met-tRNAi ternary complex (TC), rearrangement of the 40 S subunit to a closed conformation incompatible with scanning, and stable binding of Met-tRNAi to the P site. The crystal structure of a Tetrahymena 40 S·eIF1 complex revealed several basic amino acids in eIF1 contacting 18 S rRNA, and we tested the prediction that their counterparts in yeast eIF1 are required to prevent premature eIF1 dissociation from scanning ribosomes at non-AUG triplets. Supporting this idea, substituting Lys-60 in helix α1, or either Lys-37 or Arg-33 in β-hairpin loop-1, impairs binding of yeast eIF1 to 40 S·eIF1A complexes in vitro, and it confers increased initiation at UUG codons (Sui− phenotype) or lethality, in a manner suppressed by overexpressing the mutant proteins or by an eIF1A mutation (17–21) known to impede eIF1 dissociation in vitro. The eIF1 Sui− mutations also derepress translation of GCN4 mRNA, indicating impaired ternary complex loading, and this Gcd− phenotype is likewise suppressed by eIF1 overexpression or the 17–21 mutation. These findings indicate that direct contacts of eIF1 with 18 S rRNA seen in the Tetrahymena 40 S·eIF1 complex are crucial in yeast to stabilize the open conformation of the 40 S subunit and are required for rapid TC loading and ribosomal scanning and to impede rearrangement to the closed complex at non-AUG codons. Finally, we implicate the unstructured N-terminal tail of eIF1 in blocking rearrangement to the closed conformation in the scanning preinitiation complex.
Model of Entrepreneurial Corporate Education and Prospects of Professional Development of Managers in Ukraine

The prognostic substantiation of the formation of professional development systems for managers was carried out; scientific and methodological recommendations were developed for improving the training, retraining and advanced training of managers in Ukraine; the main directions of the formation of a full-fledged entrepreneurial corporate education system, within the framework of which effective professional development of managers is possible, were defined; the possibility of further improving the training and development of managers to achieve real compliance of their training with the evolutionary requirements for the level of professional competence was substantiated; the necessity of appropriate regulatory support, which would contribute to the professional development of managers throughout their lives, was substantiated.
[Diagnostic value of BRCA1 and p16 gene methylation in sporadic breast cancer].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Aberrant DNA methylation has the potential of being a tumor marker. This study was to evaluate the methylation statuses of BRCA1 and p16 gene promoter in tumor tissue and serum of breast cancer patients, and explore their diagnostic value. METHODS The methylation statuses of BRCA1 and p16 genes in 63 specimens of sporadic breast cancer and corresponding serum samples were detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The serum level of CA15-3 was detected by immunofluorescent method. RESULTS The methylation rates of BRCA1 and p16 were 34.9% and 28.6% in tumor tissues, and were 31.7% and 25.4% in corresponding serum samples; the methylation rate of BRCA1 and/or p16 was 60.3% in tumor tissues, and was 54.0% in serum samples. The methylation rate of BRCA1 and/or p16 was related with tumor histological type, lymph node metastases and living area of patients (P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of CA15-3 as a diagnostic index for breast cancer were 47.6% and 93.1%; while the sensitivity and specificity of gene methylation and CA15-3 detection in combination were 84.1% and 93.1%. Univariate analysis showed that the methylation of BRCA1 and/or p16, tumor type and living area of patients were related to tumor recurrence with relative risk of 14.0, 6.7 and 5.14 (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that only the methylation of BRCA1 and/or p16 and tumor type were related to tumor recurrence with relative risk of 6.7 and 5.1 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Detecting the methylation of BRCA1 and p16 gene together with CA15-3 is helpful for specific diagnosis of breast cancer, and has a predictive value for tumor recurrence.
Synthesis of Discipline-Based Education Research in Physics.

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FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON RANGIFERINE BRUCELLOSIS IN ALASKAN CARNIVORES

Antibodies against rangiferine brucellosis, Brucella suis type 4, are commonly found in the serum of various domestic and wild Alaskan carnivores which feed on caribou, Rangifer tarandus granti, in arctic Alaska. Sled dogs from five native villages on the range of the Arctic caribou herd, but not from two villages on the range of the Porcupine caribou herd, are commonly infected. Wolves (Canis lupus) and red foxes (Vulpes fulva) are less commonly infected. About 90% of the grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) associated with the Arctic caribou herd and 30% of those associated with the Porcupine caribou herd show serologic signs of exposure to Brucella, presumably the enzootic strain present in Alaska caribou. This is the first evidence of natural Brucella infection in bears. It is concluded that infection of predators by enzootic strains of Brucella present in prey species (e.g., ruminants) is common to many areas of the world. Evidence from the literature and unpublished experimental data suggest that such infections may interfere with reproduction in wild species, but additional study is needed to clearly resolve this question.
Mouse Endometrium Temporal and Spatial Expression mRNA and MicroRNA Associated With Embryo Implantation

Embryo implantation is a dynamic physiological process involving morphological and molecular changes in the endometrium during the pre-receptivity, receptivity, and implantation phases. A comprehensive analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) profiles during implantation will likely provide new clues to elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing embryo implantation. We characterized the mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes using next generation sequencing (NGS) of the endometrium 1 day postcoitum (dpc) and 4dpc and the implantation site (IMS) and inter-implantation (IIM) site of the endometrium on 5dpc. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed on selected miRNAs and their predicted target mRNAs to validate their negatively correlated expression. Statistical analysis of the data based on Gene Ontology (GO) group annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrated that the genes with significant expression at the IIM site were primarily involved in glucose, protein, and lipoprotein metabolism to provide energy for embryo implantation, while the genes identified at the IMS were involved in RNA functions to produce proteins in support of embryo development and trophoblast invasion. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interactions between cells and the ECM was the most remarkable event during implantation. The miRNA-mRNA interaction network unraveled the regulatory relationship between miRNAs and mRNAs. Hub miRNAs (mmu-miR-96 and mmu-miR-200b) were identified to target B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Kruppel-like factor 13 (Klf13), and Progesterone receptor (PGR), which are associated with the preparation of the receptive condition or the maintenance of early pregnancy.
Deposited in DRO : 04 June 2015 Version of attached le : Peer-review status of attached

Publisher's copyright statement: c © 2015 The Authors. Acta Pædiatrica published by John Wiley Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Pædiatrica. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
[Study of the expression of heat shock protein 47 and its correlation to collagen].

OBJECTIVE To study the expression of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) and its correlation to collagen deposition in pathological scar tissues. METHODS The tissues of normal skin (10 cases), hypertrophic scar (19 cases), and keloid (16 cases) were obtained. The expression of HSP47 was detected by immunohistochemistry method. The collagen fiber content was detected by Sirius red staining and polarization microscopy method. RESULTS Compared with normal skin tissues (Mean IOD 13 050.17 +/- 4 789.41), the expression of HSP47 in hypertrophic scar (Mean IOD 521 159.50 +/- 272 994.13) and keloid tissues (Mean IOD 407 440.30 +/- 295 780.63) was significantly high (P < 0.01). And there was a direct correlation between the expression of HSP47 and the total collagen fiber content (r = 0.386, P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION The HSP47 is highly expressed in pathological scar tissues and it may play an important role in the collagen deposition of pathological scar tissues.
Division-Free Multiquantization Scheme for Modern Video Codecs

The current trend of digital convergence leads to the need of the video encoder/decoder (codec) that should support multiple video standards on a single platform as it is expensive to use dedicated video codec chip for each standard. The paper presents a high performance circuit shared architecture that can perform the quantization of five popular video codecs such as H.264/AVC, AVS, VC-1, MPEG-2/4, and JPEG. The proposed quantizer architecture is completely division-free as the division operation is replaced by shift and addition operations for all the standards. The design is implemented on FPGA and later synthesized in CMOS 0.18 µm technology. The results show that the proposed design satisfies the requirement of all five codecs with a maximum decoding capability of 60 fps at 187MHz on Xilinx FPGA platform for 1080 p HD video.
Mobile payments in India: the privacy factor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand Indian consumers’ intention to use mobile payments by examining their adoption readiness (AR) in the larger context of their technology readiness (TR) and their privacy concerns (PCs). Design/methodology/approach A four-city, three language, paper and pencil survey yielded a sample of 600 respondents from India. Data were analyzed using structural equations modeling. Findings This study finds that AR positively mediates the relationship between TR and intention to adopt (IA) mobile payments. More importantly, PCs negatively moderate the relationship between AR and IA. Research limitations/implications Results will vary depending on country and other variables outside the scope of this study such as perceived risk, trust, etc. The sample was large but mainly comprised males, between 18 and 35 years of age. Practical implications The cash shortage due to a recent demonetization move in India had spurred mobile payment adoption but usage and retention remained low. Many other banking self-service technologies had not been successful and digitization was critical for easing payments and potentially paving the way for mobile banking. However, using mobile phones for financial transactions raises PCs that attenuate the positive impact of AR. Also, understanding overall attitudes with TR is important in a rapidly digitizing country with relatively novice users. Social implications Adoption of mobile payment technology can help address social and economic challenges in India, such as financial inclusion, corruption and tax evasion. Given the increasing awareness of privacy issues in India, mobile payment adoption, which already faces acquisition and retention challenges, will likely to face greater resistance in the future. Originality/value The findings add to the literature on emerging markets and marketing of technology products by identifying the critical role of privacy in the adoption of financial technology services. Moreover, the authors demonstrate that given the rapid introduction of technology in India, consumers’ overarching TR has to be considered along with AR for mobile payments. Thus, the authors offer a tripartite, customer–technology–transaction view of the mobile payment adoption process in India.
'By a Silken Thread': Regional Banking Integration and Credit Reallocation during Japan’s Lost Decade

During Japan’s ‘Lost Decade’, reallocation of credit through the internal capital markets of country-wide banks mitigated the real effects from the bank liqudity shock in prefectures with many bank-dependent SMEs. We document that the regional fragmentation of banking markets in Japan goes back to the institutions set up for silk export finance in the late 19th century. Using silk as an instrument for modern-day regional banking integration, we find even stronger evidence of credit reallocation than in our baseline OLS-specifications. The sign of this OLS-bias is consistent with the underlying heterogeneity in bank-firm matches implied by the theory.
A nonparametric fiducial interval for the Youden index in multi‐state diagnostic settings

The Youden index is a commonly employed metric to characterize the performance of a diagnostic test at its optimal point. For tests with three or more outcome classes, the Youden index has been extended; however, there are limited methods to compute a confidence interval (CI) about its value. Often, outcome classes are assumed to be normally distributed, which facilitates computational formulas for the CI bounds; however, many scenarios exist for which these assumptions cannot be made. In addition, many of these existing CI methods do not work well for small sample sizes. We propose a method to compute a nonparametric interval about the Youden index utilizing the fiducial argument. This fiducial interval ensures that CI coverage is met regardless of sample size, underlying distributional assumptions, or use of a complex classifier for diagnosis. Two alternate fiducial intervals are also considered. A simulation was conducted, which demonstrates the coverage and interval length for the proposed methods. Comparisons were made using no distributional assumptions on the outcome classes and for when outcomes were assumed to be normally distributed. In general, coverage probability was consistently met, and interval length was reasonable. The proposed fiducial method was also demonstrated in data examining biomarkers in subjects to predict diagnostic stages ranging from normal kidney function to chronic allograph nephropathy. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.