Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hepatic dendritic cell subsets in the mouse

The CD11c+ cell population in the non‐parenchymal cell population of the mouse liver contains dendritic cells (DC), NK cells, B cells and T cells. In the hepatic CD11c+ DC population from immunocompetent or immunodeficient [recombinase‐activating gene‐1 (RAG1)–/–] C57BL/6 mice (rigorously depleted of T cells, B cells and NK cells), we identified a B220+ CD11cint subset of ‘plasmacytoid’ DC, and a B220– CD11c+ DC subset. The latter DC population could be subdivided into a major, immature (CD40lo CD80lo CD86lo MHC class IIlo) CD11cint subset, and a minor, mature (CD40hi CD80hi CD86hi MHC class IIhi) CD11chi subset. Stimulated B220+ but not B220– DC produced type I interferon. NKT cell activation in vivo increased the number of liver B220– DC three‐ to fourfold within 18 h post‐injection, and up‐regulated their surface expression of activation marker, while it contracted the B220+ DC population. Early in virus infection, the hepatic B220+ DC subset expanded, and both, the B220+ as well as B220– DC populations in the liver matured. In vitro, B220– but not B220+ DC primed CD4+ or CD8+T cells. Expression of distinct marker profiles and functions, and distinct early reaction to activation signals hence identify two distinct B220+ and B220– subsets in CD11c+ DC populations freshly isolated from the mouse liver.
Improved differentiation of benign and malignant lymphadenopathy in patients with cutaneous melanoma by contrast-enhanced color Doppler sonography.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether administration of a D-galactose-based signal enhancer is useful in color Doppler sonography (CDS) for better detection of vascularity patterns, which may help to differentiate malignant from benign lymph nodes in patients with cutaneous melanomas. DESIGN Comparison of B-mode sonography, native CDS, and signal-enhanced CDS. SETTING Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. PATIENTS Twenty examinations in 19 patients (median age, 60 years; 10 men) who presented with echo-poor structures suggestive of lymphadenopathy in B-mode sonography during follow-up for cutaneous melanomas. INTERVENTIONS Histopathologic and follow-up examinations; documentation by color prints. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frequency of detection and description of different lymph node vascularity patterns in signal-enhanced CDS. RESULTS Signal-enhanced CDS revealed additional information about vascularization of lymph node metastases, reactive lymph nodes, hematomas, and seromas, which was helpful for the differential diagnosis in 15 of 20 examinations. For lymph node metastases, signal enhancement facilitated the detection of accessory peripheral vessels in most investigations. Concerning reactive lymph nodes, hilar vessels in part with branching to the lymph node periphery could be identified only after application of the contrast enhancer in most patients. Quantitative variables could not be measured in all cases and did not help to differentiate between malignant and reactive lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS Administration of a D-galactose-based signal enhancer for CDS in patients with cutaneous melanomas can help to differentiate malignant from reactive lymph nodes, hematomas, or seromas. However, these promising results require confirmation in a prospective multicenter study.
Basic fibroblast growth factor modulates the expression of glycophorin A and c‐kit and inhibits erythroid differentiation in K562 cells

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is produced by bone marrow stromal cells as well as by normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells. In this study, we examine the direct effects of bFGF on erythroid differentiation in K562 cells in order to determine whether bFGF can promote the expression of a primitive phenotype. Low levels of bFGF inhibited erythroid differentiation as evidenced by decreased expression of glycophorin A and increased expression of c‐kit. bFGF also increased both the numbers and the sizes of colonies of K562 cells in soft agar assays. The addition of TGF‐β to these cells induced erythroid differentiation which resulted in an increase in glycophorin A and a decrease in c‐kit. The simultaneous addition of bFGF and TGF‐β to K562 cells prevented both the TGF‐β‐mediated increase in glycophorin A expression and the decrease in c‐kit expression associated with erythroid differentiation. bFGF antagonised the TGF‐β‐mediated promotion of erythroid differentiation in K562 cells in a dose dependent manner and these two cytokines counteracted each other on an approximately molar basis. These results indicate that bFGF alone increases expression of c‐kit and promotes a primitive phenotype in K562 cells. In addition, bFGF counteracts the effects of differentiation‐inducing cytokines, such as TGF‐β, on hematopoietic cells. It is therefore possible that enhanced production of bFGF by leukemic cells could contribute to their neoplastic phenotype by opposing the effects of negative regulators or cytokines that induce differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 83–91, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Économie informelle et les politiques d’emploi en Algérie : quel impact ?

Cette these porte principalement sur l’impact des politiques d’emploi sur l’economie informelle en Algerie. Dans le premier chapitre, nous tentons de faire le point sur les problemes de definitions et de mesures quantitatives de l’economie informelle en essayant d’etablir un cadre d’analyse standardise permettant de reduire les conflits methodologiques. Dans le deuxieme et le troisieme chapitre, nous estimons le poids reel du secteur informel et de l’emploi informel sur le marche du travail. Nous decrivons aussi les personnes qui travaillent de maniere informelle. Dans le quatrieme chapitre nous etudions leurs motivations et les raisons d’etre de ce type d’emploi. C'est-a-dire nous chercherons a savoir s’ils relevent d’un processus d’exclusion sociale ou bien d’un choix delibere. Nous nous interrogeons aussi sur l’heterogeneite de ces emplois. Dans les deux derniers chapitres nous cherchons a savoir dans quelle mesure les politiques d’emploi en Algerie ont contribue a la reduction de l’economie informelle et le chomage en Algerie respectivement. A la lumiere des resultats obtenus precedemment mais aussi sur la base d’autres experiences, nous testons des mesures de politique economique. Pour realiser cette analyse, nous exploitons les micro-donnees des enquetes emplois aupres des menages menees par l’Office National des Statistiques (ONS) entre 1997 et 2013.
How does interoceptive awareness interact with the subjective experience of emotion? An fMRI Study

Recent studies in cognitive neuroscience have suggested that the integration of information about the internal bodily state and the external environment is crucial for the experience of emotion. Extensive overlap between the neural mechanisms underlying the subjective emotion and those involved in interoception (perception of that which is arising from inside the body) has been identified. However, the mechanisms of interaction between the neural substrates of interoception and emotional experience remain unclear. We examined the common and distinct features of the neural activity underlying evaluation of emotional and bodily state using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The right anterior insular cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) were identified as commonly activated areas. As both of these areas are considered critical for interoceptive awareness, these results suggest that attending to the bodily state underlies awareness of one's emotional state. Uniquely activated areas involved in the evaluation of emotional state included the temporal pole, posterior and anterior cingulate cortex, medial frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Also the precuneus was functionally associated with activity of the right anterior insular cortex and VMPFC when evaluating emotional state. Our findings indicate that activation in these areas and the precuneus are functionally associated for accessing interoceptive information and underpinning subjective experience of the emotional state. Thus, awareness of one's own emotional state appears to involve the integration of interoceptive information with an interpretation of the current situation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effect of Firm Life Cycle on the Relationship between R&D Expenditures and Future Performance, Earnings Uncertainty, and Sustainable Growth

R&D investment can reduce costs through efficient production technology, which has a positive (+) impact on future performance. On the other hand, R&D investment has uncertainty due to characteristics such as time lag, high cost and non-appropriability. We examine whether the effects of R&D expenditures on future performance and earnings uncertainty are different according to firm life cycle, which reflects the differences in the environment, circumstances, and strategy of the firm. Investors assess sustainable growth potential of the enterprise in the capital market, reflecting the future performance and the uncertainty of the firm. This implies that R&D investment can affect the capital market through investors’ future expectations for sustainable growth of the company. We also examine the differential effects of R&D expenditures on market response by the firm life cycle. The test results show that firm life cycle differentially affects the relation between R&D expenditures and future performance and uncertainty. Further, the market response varies over the firm life cycle. Our results provide suggestions that R&D investments should be made properly considering the environment and circumstances of the firm. The finding that R&D expenditures differently affect future performance, uncertainty, and sustainable growth potential according to the firm life cycle is expected to help managers make decisions about R&D investment.
Factors associated with physiotherapists' interest in cardiorespiratory continuing education using computer-assisted learning: a survey.

PURPOSE To determine factors associated with Canadian physiotherapists' interest in undertaking continuing education in various cardiorespiratory content areas and their willingness to complete a portion of study within each of these content areas via computer-assisted learning (CAL). METHODS In a six-page mailed questionnaire, 1,426 potential participants were asked to indicate their interest in 11 cardiorespiratory content areas, their continuing-education preferences, and their access and willingness to do continuing education by CAL. Demographic data were also collected from respondents. RESULTS Respondents included 285 physiotherapists from cardiorespiratory interest groups (CRGs) and 447 from the licensing bodies' sample (overall response rate = 56%). Physiotherapists in public employment and practice areas other than orthopaedics had increased interest in all cardiorespiratory content areas except Exercise Physiology. Membership in a CRG increased their likelihood to be willing to learn the cardiorespiratory content area via CAL. CONCLUSIONS In developing content and determining the accessibility of cardiorespiratory continuing education, educators should consider the type of employer and area of practice of interested attendees as well as the lack of willingness to use CAL by those not involved in CRGs.
Sectoral risk assessment with particular emphasis on export enterprises in Poland

The article presents a methodological framework for the analysis of sectoral risk and an evaluation of the financial condition on sectors level. In addition, the hypothesis was verified that the financial constraints of enterprises affect decisions making by prospective exporters and sales in foreign markets. The empirical analysis was based on the individual data from different sources (from the years 2005 to 2016), which are: balance sheet and profit and loss account (Statistical Office), financial and behavioural data. The evaluation consists of two parts. The first part presents the financial strength depending on the net value of enterprises. The financial strength defines the financial capacity of enterprise. The second part presents Probability of Default (PD) model. The statistical model is built on logistic regression model, and produces an estimate of the annual PD of the assessed company. Based on the results of the evaluation of the risk associated with the financial condition of enterprises, it was found that SMEs faced a higher risk. The lowest risk of bankruptcy was observed in the pharmaceutical industry and the highest risk of bankruptcy – in the mining sector. Exporters were characterised by better financial equipment.
Twin versus singleton pregnancy and preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes.

PURPOSE The primary purpose of this study was to compare the latency period between preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM) and delivery in twin versus singleton pregnancies. The secondary purpose was to compare the neonatal outcome of these two groups. METHODS A retrospective case control study was performed on 33 consecutive bichorionic twin pregnancies with gestational age 20 to 36 weeks admitted to the Antwerp University Hospital with PPROM from 1995 to 2000. These were matched with singletons experiencing PPROM at the same gestational age. Groups were compared for smoking behaviour, whether conception was spontaneous or with artificial reproductive technology, dilation at the moment of PPROM, latency period between PPROM and delivery, the use of tocolytics, antibiotics, corticosteroids, cervicovaginal culture results and neonatal morbidity and mortality. RESULTS The latency period was significantly shorter in twins (median 19 versus median 47 hours; p = 0.01) and significantly more twins were born within 48 hours after rupture of the membranes (74.2% versus 51.5%; p = 0.01). This is due to a difference in the group with gestational age 30 or less weeks, after gestational age 30 weeks no significant difference exists. No other differences were noted between groups. CONCLUSION No clinically relevant differences for the perinatal outcome after PPROM in twin versus singletons can be noted, but delivery is more likely to result within 48 hours after PPROM in cases of a twin pregnancy.
Birth anthropometric measures, body mass index and allergic diseases in a birth cohort study (BAMSE)

Objective: We aimed to assess increased birth weight or birth length in relation to allergic diseases at 4 years of age, taking body mass index (BMI) at age 4 as a covariate in the adjustment. Methods: The parents of a large prospective birth cohort answered questionnaires on environmental factors and allergic symptoms when their children were 2 months and 1, 2 and 4 years old. Perinatal data on weight and length at birth were received from the child care health centres. The children were clinically examined at 4 years of age and height and weight recorded. Blood was drawn for analysis of specific IgE antibodies to common inhalant allergens. Risk associations between birth anthropometric measures and wheeze, allergic diseases or sensitisation were estimated in multivariate logistic regression analyses (n = 2869). Results: There were no clear overall associations between birth weight and allergic diseases at 4 years of age. Birth length ⩾90th percentile was inversely associated with any wheeze at age 4 (adjusted OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.92) but was significantly associated only with late-onset wheeze (adjusted OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.77). No such associations were seen for persistent or transient wheeze, eczema, rhinitis or allergic sensitisation. Transient wheeze during the first 2 years of age tended to be associated with increased BMI at age 4. Conclusion: Increased birth weight was not associated with wheeze or allergic disease. Increased birth length may play a protective role in late-onset wheeze in early childhood.
AEPE: An area and power efficient RRAM crossbar-based accelerator for deep CNNs

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have shown great accuracy on object recognition and classification tasks. Deep CNNs are computation intensive algorithms, hence many customized RRAM crossbar-based accelerators are proposed to meet the computing demands in deep CNNs, but the area costs and the power consumption are still great challenges for RRAM crossbar-based accelerators. In this work, we propose an area and power efficient RRAM crossbar-based accelerator for deep CNNs. It improves the area efficiency by reducing the area costs of the on-chip buffer and the on-chip network. The power efficiency is improved by reducing the number of used digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and balancing the tradeoff between the accuracy of deep CNNs and power costs of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The experimental results show that the proposed accelerator improve the power efficiency by 2.71× and the area efficiency by 2.41× over the state-of-the-art RRAM crossbar-based accelerator, and the accuracy loss is less than 0.5%.
Stochastic equilibrium, the Phillips curve and Keynesian economics

I uncover serious problems with the benchmark New Keynesian Phillips curve linearized around its non-stochastic zero inflation steady state when the underlying model features a subset of prices that stay rigid over multiple periods, as in the popular Calvo model. I am able to demonstrate that the dynamics of approximations taken at the non-stochastic steady state are non-hyperbolic. This means that approximations taken at this point do not represent a valid description of the dynamics of the underlying model at any other point in the state space. This allows me to overturn results such as the ’Divine Coincidence’ that equates welfare under price rigidity with the level prevailing under price dispersion. I introduce a dynamic stochastic concept of equilibrium that can be applied to New Keynesian models and offers a natural point to take approximations to analyze business cycle dynamics. It is methodologically interesting as it is a notion of general equilibrium that does not correspond to partial equilibrium. Keywords: Macroeconomics, Mathematical Economics, Random Dynamical Systems, General Equilibrium, Monetary Policy JEL Classification: C6, D5, E1, E3, E5 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 37Axx, 37Bxx, 37Cxx, 37Dxx, 37Gxx, 37Hxx.
Outcome of patients with ischemic-like cholangiopathy with secondary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation

Abstract Background and aims. Sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SC-CIP) with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a cholestatic liver disease with a rapid progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatic failure. Data on outcome of these patients after liver transplantation (LT) are sparse. Patients and methods. Eleven patients (46 ± 12 years; mean labMELD-score: 27 ± 7) with SC-CIP underwent LT. Six patients had severe polytrauma with multiple bone fractures, sepsis and ARDS. Five non-traumatic patients acquired SC-CIP during long-term intensive-care-unit stays due to sepsis and ARDS. Time to diagnosis, the microbiologic results and the survival rates after LT were evaluated. Results. SC-CIP was diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) within 3 ± 1 months after manifestation of cholestasis and histologically confirmed in explanted livers. The predominant microorganisms isolated in bile were: Enterococcus and Candida albicans. Mean follow-up after LT was 28 ± 20 months. One female patient (non-traumatic) died due to sepsis 26 days after LT. All other patients left the hospital alive, but two (non-traumatic) patients died from sepsis, and one (traumatic) patient died in a hemorrhagic shock, thereafter. Seven of 11 patients (5 with polytrauma) are still alive and have a good quality of life. The survival of the SC-CIP patients after LT was comparable with that of patients transplanted due to alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Conclusion. SC-CIP develops rapidly within several months. Enterococcus and C. albicans were the main isolated microorganisms in the bile. Sepsis was the main cause of death after LT. Overall, SC-CIP is a good indication for LT in selected patients.
Are depot antipsychotics more coercive than tablets?

Some clinicians consider depot antipsychotics to be stigmatising, coercive and unacceptable to patients. This cross-sectional study investigated patients’ perspectives of coercion for depot and oral antipsychotics. In all, 72 participants with chronic mental illness on voluntary maintenance antipsychotic medication were interviewed for their views on oral and depot medication and experiences of coercion. The MacArthur Admission Experience (short form) was adapted to explore coercion regarding medication. Mean total coercion levels were higher for those on depot (depot: mean 4.39; oral: 2.80, P = 0.027), as were perceived coercion (2.52 vs 1.73, P = 0.041) and negative pressures subscales (1.17 vs 0.33, P = 0.009). No significant differences were found for the ‘voice’ subscale and affective reactions. Specifically, more participants on depot felt that people try to force them to take medication (30% vs 2%, P< 0.001). Depots were perceived as more coercive than oral antipsychotics. Greater perceived coercion may explain why some consider depots to be a more stigmatising form of treatment. Although forced medication is sometimes required, the experience of coercion should be minimised by giving patients a fair say in treatment decisions, regardless of formulation.
Trade and Environment revisited: Assessing the Effects of International Technology Spillovers

This papers extends the GTAP-E model to include endogenous technical change. Input augmenting technical change, which in the current GTAP-E version is exogenous, is modified so as to reflect the empirical evidence on international technology spillovers. The empirical evidence support the existence of a positive relationship between capital and energy technical change and imports in capital goods. Using a modified version of the GTAP-E model with technical change, this paper revisits the relationship between trade and the environment when trade is also related to growth through technical change. The first part of the paper develops a simple toy model, with 2 countries producing 2 goods to illustrate how international technology spillovers affect production structure. The second part extends this analysis to a fully-fledged computable general equilibrium models, calibrated on real world data. The major finding are that international technology spillovers play an important role in determining the effects trade liberalization can have on the environment. When spillovers have a positive effect on energy productivity, they tend to reduce the rate of carbon leakage. This result emerges from both the toy model and the GTAP-E model. Results are robust to sensitivity analysis on parameter values.
Cryogenic Kink Effect in InP pHEMTs: A Pulsed Measurements Study

We present a study based on pulsed measurement results of the kink effect observed on the I-V output characteristics in InGaAs/InAlAs/InP pseudomorphic high-electron mobility transistors (InP pHEMTs) at cryogenic temperatures. Pulsed measurements were performed at 300 and 10 K. Gate and drain lags were observed at both temperatures with a strong increase upon cooling for the drain lag. To study the influence of surface traps in the kink, pulsed measurements of devices passivated by either atomic layer deposited Al2O3 or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited Si3N4 were compared with no significant differences at 10 K. The influence on the kink effect from the buffer was studied by comparing pulsed measurement data from an InP pHEMT with measurements on a GaAs metamorphic HEMT (GaAs mHEMT). For the GaAs mHEMT, an increase of the drain lag at 10 K was observed when compared with the InP pHEMT. Contrary to the InP HEMT, for the GaAs mHEMT the 0.1 μs pulses were short enough to eliminate the kink when using a quiescent point with VDS = 0. The quality of the pinchoff was sensitive to pulse length and quiescent point for the InP pHEMT but not for the GaAs mHEMT.