Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Becoming a teacher of RE in a world of religious diversity

The study explores the professional learning of novice teachers of Religious Education (RE) in secondary schools in England. The focus is on the impact of an enquiry‐based approach to Initial Teacher Education on the development of two cohorts (n = 35) of Post Graduate Certificate of Education Secondary RE students during a one‐year course as they work towards achieving Qualified Teacher Status; a sub‐sample are also tracked into their induction year as classroom practitioners. Their beliefs and values regarding the role of RE in the state school curriculum and the role of practice evidence, research evidence and theory in finding an approach to teaching RE are explored through an analysis of their documented enquiries and interviews. The study makes a contribution to the wider debate regarding the professional development of teachers and the role of the university in teacher education.
Strategies for internationalisation within SMEs: the key role of the owner‐manager

Based on the practical experiences of the authors through their work on a LEONARDO project, this paper focuses on the internationalisation process within small and medium sized enterprises and in particular, the key role of the attitudes and behaviour of the owner‐manager. The paper argues that the owner‐manager largely determines the behavioural characteristics of SMEs, and that in turn these behavioural characteristics are determined by the cultural orientation of the owner‐manager. To illustrate the key issues involved, a conceptual model, the internationalisation web, has been developed. This conceptual model can be used to understand the policy implications that emerge from the arguments and to extrapolate relevant policy recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of the support provided to SMEs wishing to operate in foreign markets.
Projected decreases in future marine export production: the role of the carbon flux through the upper ocean ecosystem

Abstract. Accurate projections of marine particle export production (EP) are crucial for predicting the response of the marine carbon cycle to climate change, yet models show a wide range in both global EP and their responses to climate change. This is, in part, due to EP being the net result of a series of processes, starting with net primary production (NPP) in the sunlit upper ocean, followed by the formation of particulate organic matter and the subsequent sinking and remineralisation of these particles, with each of these processes responding differently to changes in environmental conditions. Here, we compare future projections in EP over the 21st century, generated by four marine ecosystem models under the high emission scenario Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and determine the processes driving these changes. The models simulate small to modest decreases in global EP between −1 and −12 %. Models differ greatly with regard to the drivers causing these changes. Among them, the formation of particles is the most uncertain process with models not agreeing on either magnitude or the direction of change. The removal of the sinking particles by remineralisation is simulated to increase in the low and intermediate latitudes in three models, driven by either warming-induced increases in remineralisation or slower particle sinking, and show insignificant changes in the remaining model. Changes in ecosystem structure, particularly the relative role of diatoms matters as well, as diatoms produce larger and denser particles that sink faster and are partly protected from remineralisation. Also this controlling factor is afflicted with high uncertainties, particularly since the models differ already substantially with regard to both the initial (present-day) distribution of diatoms (between 11–94 % in the Southern Ocean) and the diatom contribution to particle formation (0.6–3.8 times higher than their contribution to biomass). As a consequence, changes in diatom concentration are a strong driver for EP changes in some models but of low significance in others. Observational and experimental constraints on ecosystem structure and how the fixed carbon is routed through the ecosystem to produce export production are urgently needed in order to improve current generation ecosystem models and their ability to project future changes.
Recasting Enterprise Strategy: Towards Stakeholder Research that Matters to General Managers

As well as specifying functional, business unit, and corporate levels of strategy, early strategy scholars delineated enterprise level strategy as the uppermost level of strategy. Enterprise strategy articulates how the firm engages with actors in its economic, social, and political environment to ensure long‐term corporate performance. As a growing body of evidence shows, heterogeneity in how firms identify, and engage with, their stakeholders can explain why some firms outperform their peers. However, my literature survey of more than three decades of published research reveals that enterprise strategy has stayed firmly in the shadows behind business and corporate strategy. Furthermore, many theories of firm–stakeholder relationships are normative (i.e. explain how firms should act) and do not inform strategy effectively. In this paper, I argue why enterprise strategy research is required as a cohesive body of work that connects with research in business and corporate strategy. I finish by proposing three research domains – strategic goals, organization design, and organization boundaries – that hold the potential to link stakeholder issues with mainstream concerns in strategy research and, thus, to revive a coherent research programme in enterprise level strategy.
Lafora disease in miniature Wirehaired Dachshunds

Lafora disease (LD) is an autosomal recessive late onset, progressive myoclonic epilepsy with a high prevalence in the miniature Wirehaired Dachshund. The disease is due to a mutation in the Epm2b gene which results in intracellular accumulation of abnormal glycogen (Lafora bodies). Recent breed-wide testing suggests that the carrier plus affected rate may be as high as 20%. A characteristic feature of the disease is spontaneous and reflex myoclonus; however clinical signs and disease progression are not well described. A survey was submitted to owners of MWHD which were homozygous for Epm2b mutation (breed club testing program) or had late onset reflex myoclonus and clinical diagnosis of LD. There were 27 dogs (11 male; 16 female) for analysis after young mutation-positive dogs that had yet to develop disease were excluded. Average age of onset of clinical signs was 6.94 years (3.5–12). The most common initial presenting sign was reflex and spontaneous myoclonus (77.8%). Other presenting signs included hypnic myoclonus (51.9%) and generalized seizures (40.7%). Less common presenting signs include focal seizures, “jaw smacking”, “fly catching”, “panic attacks”, impaired vision, aggression and urinary incontinence. All these clinical signs may appear, and then increase in frequency and intensity over time. The myoclonus in particular becomes more severe and more refractory to treatment. Signs that developed later in the disease include dementia (51.9%), blindness (48.1%), aggression to people (25.9%) and dogs (33.3%), deafness (29.6%) and fecal (29.6%) and urinary (37.0%) incontinence as a result of loss of house training (disinhibited type behavior). Further prospective study is needed to further characterize the canine disease and to allow more specific therapeutic strategies and to tailor therapy as the disease progresses.
A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship as Firm Behavior: A Critique and Extension

The study of firm-level entrepreneurship Is fast becoming a central Issue In the literature. Research on the topicshows Increased vitality and rigor. Recently, Covin and Slevin (1991) have suggested an Integrative model that explains the association between a company's entrepreneurial posture and Its external environment, strategy, Internal factors, and organizational performance. This article highlights several areas wherethe Covin-Slevin model should be revised and extended to better capture the nature of entrepreneurial behavior as well as Its antecedents and consequences.
Terrorist retaliation? An analysis of terrorist attacks following the targeted killing of top-tier al Qaeda leadership

One controversial counterterrorism method employed by the United States is the targeted killing of terrorist leadership. Much has been written on this topic, but little of it is based on empirical research. Building on that existing empirical work, this study examined the attacks of al Qaeda and al Qaeda-related terrorist groups before and after the targeted killing of four of its top-tier leaders (Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, Abu Ayub al-Masri, Osama bin Laden, and Anwar al-Awlaki). Using data obtained from the Global Terrorism Database, the frequency, severity, type, and success of over 300 terrorist attacks were analysed with the primary goal of determining if there was any evidence of retaliation from these terrorist groups in the two months following the killing of one of their leaders. The results of the statistical analyses gave no indication of such retaliation. There were no significant changes in the type or target of attacks, no change in the frequency of attacks, and, in one regression model, evidence that the average number of fatalities per attack actually decreased following the targeted killings.
Attitudes towards Gender Roles in Jordan

This study examined attitudes towards gender roles in Jordan, with emphasis on recent modernization efforts‘ gender role implications for the division of labor within the Jordanian family structure, women‘s economic and political participation, and social status as affected by labor policy and social legislation. Sociodemographic cohorts encompassing sex, age, education, work status, urban/rural residency, and level of support for democracy were examined, with results indicating ironic correlations between both education and gender equality and employment and gender equality, respectively. Overall, however, results indicated a strong shift in attitudes towards gender equality as a result of recent modernization efforts in Jordan.
Quantum-Wave Equation and Heisenberg Inequalities of Covariant Quantum Gravity

Key aspects of the manifestly-covariant theory of quantum gravity (Cremaschini and Tessarotto 2015–2017) are investigated. These refer, first, to the establishment of the four-scalar, manifestly-covariant evolution quantum wave equation, denoted as covariant quantum gravity (CQG) wave equation, which advances the quantum state ψ associated with a prescribed background space-time. In this paper, the CQG-wave equation is proved to follow at once by means of a Hamilton–Jacobi quantization of the classical variational tensor field g ≡ g μ ν and its conjugate momentum, referred to as (canonical) g-quantization. The same equation is also shown to be variational and to follow from a synchronous variational principle identified here with the quantum Hamilton variational principle. The corresponding quantum hydrodynamic equations are then obtained upon introducing the Madelung representation for ψ , which provides an equivalent statistical interpretation of the CQG-wave equation. Finally, the quantum state ψ is proven to fulfill generalized Heisenberg inequalities, relating the statistical measurement errors of quantum observables. These are shown to be represented in terms of the standard deviations of the metric tensor g ≡ g μ ν and its quantum conjugate momentum operator.
The Relationship between Working Capital Management and Profitability of Companies Listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange

Efficient working capital management is an integral component of the overall corporate strategy to create shareholders' wealth. This paper seeks to extend findings regarding the relationship between working capital management and profitability. A sample of 69 companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) for the period from 1998 to 2008 was selected. The results revealed a statistically significant negative relationship among profitability (as measured through gross operating profit), the cash conversion cycle (CCC), and number of days accounts receivable (AR). The results also revealed a positive and significant relationship among profitability, the number of days accounts payable (AP), and the number of days inventory (INV). The results suggested that managers could increase their company's profitability by effectively managing the CCC and its components.
Shared and Disorder-Specific Neurocomputational Mechanisms of Decision-Making in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) often share phenotypes of repetitive behaviors, possibly underpinned by abnormal decision‐making. To compare neural correlates underlying decision‐making between these disorders, brain activation of boys with ASD (N = 24), OCD (N = 20) and typically developing controls (N = 20) during gambling was compared, and computational modeling compared performance. Patients were unimpaired on number of risky decisions, but modeling showed that both patient groups had lower choice consistency and relied less on reinforcement learning compared to controls. ASD individuals had disorder‐specific choice perseverance abnormalities compared to OCD individuals. Neurofunctionally, ASD and OCD boys shared dorsolateral/inferior frontal underactivation compared to controls during decision‐making. During outcome anticipation, patients shared underactivation compared to controls in lateral inferior/orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum. During reward receipt, ASD boys had disorder‐specific enhanced activation in inferior frontal/insular regions relative to OCD boys and controls. Results showed that ASD and OCD individuals shared decision‐making strategies that differed from controls to achieve comparable performance to controls. Patients showed shared abnormalities in lateral‐(orbito)fronto‐striatal reward circuitry, but ASD boys had disorder‐specific lateral inferior frontal/insular overactivation, suggesting that shared and disorder‐specific mechanisms underpin decision‐making in these disorders. Findings provide evidence for shared neurobiological substrates that could serve as possible future biomarkers.
The Neurotoxicity of Epidural Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbits: A Light and Electron Microscopic Examination

Because hyaluronic acid (HA) has an antiinflammatory effect and prevents and/or reduces tissue adhesion, we believed it possible that epidurally-administered HA during epidural adhesiolysis procedures could alleviate pain in patients with chronic lower back pain. Therefore, we performed this pre-clinical trial evaluation of epidurally-administered HA neurotoxicity by light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) in rabbits. Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, a normal saline (NS) group (n = 10) and a HA group (n = 10). Saline (0.2 mL/kg of 0.9% solution) and the same volume of HA were injected into the epidural space. No rabbits showed any sensory-motor or behavior change during the 3-wk period, except for one rabbit in the NS group that showed decreased appetite, activity, and weight loss. By LM, two rabbits in the NS group showed abnormal findings considered to be the result of trauma and infection associated with epidural catheterization. EM findings showed no significant neurotoxic findings in either group. In conclusion, epidurally-administered HA did not cause neurotoxicity in rabbits.
C-reactive protein and risk of breast cancer.

Chronic inflammation is hypothesized to be associated with breast cancer development. However, data evaluating the association between C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, and breast cancer risk are sparse. In the Women's Health Study, 27,919 apparently healthy women aged 45 years and older who were free of cancer and cardiovascular disease had plasma CRP levels measured at baseline. During a mean of 10 years of follow-up, a total of 892 women developed invasive breast cancer. All statistical tests were two-sided. Baseline plasma CRP level was not statistically significantly associated with breast cancer risk (highest versus lowest quintile of CRP, multivariable hazard ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval = 0.71 to 1.16; P(trend) = . 19; crude incidence rates: 273 versus 305 per 100,000 person-years). Our data suggest that baseline plasma CRP levels are not associated with the increased risk of breast cancer in apparently healthy women.
The Quadruple Bottom Line and Nonprofit Housing Organizations in the United States

The work of US nonprofit housing organizations can be viewed as involving a commitment to meet the Quadruple Bottom Line—the financial demands of developing and maintaining affordable housing while serving resident groups and neighborhoods, in an environmentally responsible manner. Nonprofit organizations may be categorized into three major groups, based on their primary areas of concern—‘people’, ‘places’ and ‘projects’. This article outlines the components and approximate size of the US social housing sector and presents examples of how housing nonprofits have, both historically and currently, evolved to incorporate multiple roles. With declines in federal funding for affordable housing, nonprofits have become increasingly hybrid in their operations. Examples are given regarding how nonprofits attempt to mediate the private market; how the various components of the Quadruple Bottom Line often compete with one another; and how hybridity of the nonprofit social housing sector creates additional challenges for these groups. The final section presents policy directions for supporting nonprofits.
Analysing network partnerships

Support for the notion of networks is growing rapidly across Europe, especially in the public sector where faith in market and hierarchy is diminishing. However, the concept is still loosely interpreted and variably applied. This article unpacks the concept of network and goes on to suggest that a useful model for application to a ‘whole systems’ approach is Ken Benson's neglected framework of an ‘inter-organisational network’. It urges application of the framework to specific contexts and issues.
Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a India-Wide Randomized Policy Experiment

This paper uses political reservations for women in India to study the impact of women's leadership on policy decisions. In 1998, one third of all leadership positions of Village Councils in West Bengal were randomly selected to be reserved for a woman: in these councils only women could be elected to the position of head. Village Councils are responsible for the provision on many local public good in rural areas. Using a data set we collected on 165 Village Councils, we compare the type of public goods provided in reserved and unreserved Villages Councils. We show that women invest more in infrastructure that is directly relevant to the needs of rural women (water, fuel, and roads), while men invest more in education. Women are more likely to participate in the policy-making process if the leader of their village council is a woman.
Uncovering the Circumstances of Performance Information Use Findings from an Experiment

ABSTRACT The diffusion of quantitative measures of performance has been one of the most widespread trends in government in past decades. This trend is motivated partly by the hope that policymakers will use performance data, but we know little about the basic tendency of individuals to incorporate and use performance information. This article draws from interactive dialogue theory to argue that the connection between data and decisions will not be automatic, but will depend upon circumstances, such as the nature of the data and how they are presented. Because observational studies have limited ability to identify such circumstances, this article argues for an experimental approach that offers greater flexibility in designing theory-based treatments. A vignette experiment methodology approach is used, providing subjects with a variety of budget scenarios, varying the amount and type of information they receive, and asking them to make budget decisions. The results provide evidence that conditions of goal ambiguity, expectancy disconfirmation, and advocacy alter the potential for performance data to influence resource decisions.
Competition and Corporate Performance

Are people right to think that competition improves corporate performance? My investigations indicate first that there are some theoretical reasons for believing this hypothesis to be correct, but they are not overwhelming. Furthermore, the existing empirical evidence on this question is weak. However, the results reported here, based on an analysis of around 670 U.K. companies, do provide some support for this view. Most important, I present evidence that competition, as measured by increased numbers of competitors or by lower levels of rents, is associated with a significantly higher rate of total factor productivity growth.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM: A REVIEW OF PUBLICATIONS FROM 2005 TO 2007

The tourism and hospitality industries have widely adopted information technology (IT) to reduce costs, enhance operational efficiency, and most importantly to improve service quality and customer experience. This article offers a comprehensive review of articles that were published in 57 tourism and hospitality research journals from 2005 to 2007. Grouping the findings into the categories of consumers, technologies, and suppliers, the article sheds light on the evolution of IT applications in the tourism and hospitality industries. The article demonstrates that IT is increasingly becoming critical for the competitive operations of the tourism and hospitality organizations as well as for managing the distribution and marketing of organizations on a global scale.
Perceived Labor Productivity in Small Firms—The Effects of High–Performance Work Systems and Group Culture through Employee Retention

In small firms, high–performance work systems (HPWS) may not always yield benefits that outweigh their costs. Using a sample of 145 small enterprises (SEs) with 10–100 employees, we examine how small firms may realize mutually reinforcing effects of group culture on HPWS to increase employee retention and improve perceived labor productivity. Using a novel methodology, we find that employee retention does not mediate the effects of HPWS on perceived labor productivity, but that mediation becomes significant and increases with greater levels of group culture. This study provides insights into conditions in which HPWS can enhance SE perceived labor productivity.
(Re)Analysing the Sustainable City: Nature, Urbanisation and the Regulation of Socio-environmental Relations in the UK

The sustainable city has now become a leading paradigm of urban development throughout the world. Although the practices, discourses and ideologies associated with the sustainable city have been widely disseminated, analyses of sustainable urban development remain surprisingly anodyne. Drawing upon the insights of regulation theory, this paper attempts to develop a critical engagement with the sustainable city as a space of socio-ecological regulation. Focusing upon two examples of sustainable urban development in practice—the first, the struggle over work-place environments in Stoke-on-Trent; and the second, the reinsertion of nature into the Black Country urban region—this paper explores the regulatory geography of the sustainable city and the environmental visions and practices with which it is associated.