Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endometrial gland surface density and hyperaemia of the endometrium during early pregnancy in the mare.

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY The morphology and surface density of endometrial glands responsible for the nutrition of the placenta requires further study employing computer assisted morphometric analysis. OBJECTIVES To analyse changes in the morphology and surface density of endometrial glands situated adjacent to, and remote from, the conceptus during the first 30 days of gestation. METHODS Endometrial biopsies were recovered, under videoendoscopic control, from both nonpregnant and pregnant mares 12 days after ovulation, as well as from pregnant mares on Days 16, 20, 25 and 30 of gestation. One biopsy was taken at the base of the nongravid uterine horn and the other from beneath the conceptus at the base of the gravid horn. The samples were evaluated by computer assisted morphometric analysis to determine the surface area per unit volume (Sv) of endometrial glands in the stratum spongiosum. RESULTS No differences in morphology or density of the glands were discernable between pregnant and nonpregnant mares on Day 12 day after ovulation. On Day 16, however, the glands beneath the conceptus appeared to be at a significantly lower density than the clearly more tortuous glands at the base of the nongravid horn. Between Days 20 and 30 of gestation the endometrium in direct contact with the conceptus was visibly more reddened and hyperaemic than elsewhere in the uterus. However, the Sv of glands beneath the conceptus had now increased again so they appeared similar to those in the nongravid horn, due mainly to a reduction in the level of stromal oedema in the former. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE The embryo-maternal interactions that are vital during early pregnancy to suppress the cyclical luteolytic cascade and support nidation of the conceptus, were characterised here with local endometrial hyperaemia, histotroph production and a decrease in endometrial gland Sv at the commencement of the stationary phase. Both the components secreted by the endometrial glands and the factors liberated by the conceptus during early pregnancy need further investigation.
Effects of cyanamide and acetaldehyde accumulation on the locomotor stimulant and sedative effects of ethanol in mice

Ethanol administration induces both locomotor stimulant and sedative effects depending upon blood ethanol concentrations. Recent studies in rats and mice suggest that acetaldehyde, the first product of ethanol metabolism, might be involved in the expression of both the stimulant and the sedative effects of ethanol. A number of studies have used the drug cyanamide in an attempt to clarify the role of acetaldehyde in the behavioral effects of ethanol. The results of such studies are, however, difficult to interpret because cyanamide is an inhibitor of the enzymes catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, two enzymes with opposite effects on brain acetaldehyde concentrations. This study was aimed at clarifying the effects of cyanamide on ethanol-induced locomotor stimulant and sedative effects in Swiss mice. The locomotor stimulant effects of ethanol were measured in standard activity boxes, whereas the sedative effects of ethanol were quantified using the loss of righting reflex procedure. Cyanamide prevented the locomotor stimulant effects of 2 g/kg ethanol, although this was mainly due to a potentiation of the inhibitory effects of ethanol as evidenced by a prolongation of ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex. Additionally, 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, prevented these effects of cyanamide. It is concluded that in vivo the effects of cyanamide are predominantly due to the inhibition of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, rather than to its effects on catalase.
Self-similar Accretion Flows with Convection

We consider height-integrated equations of an advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF), assuming that there is no mass outflow. We include convection through a mixing-length formalism. We seek self-similar solutions in which the rotational velocity and sound speed scale as R-1/2, where R is the radius, and consider two limiting prescriptions for the transport of angular momentum by convection. In one limit, the transport occurs down the angular velocity gradient, so convection moves angular momentum outward. In the other, the transport is down the specific angular momentum gradient, so convection moves angular momentum inward. We also consider general prescriptions that lie in between the two limits. When convection moves angular momentum outward, we recover the usual self-similar solution for ADAFs in which the mass density scales as ρ ∝ R-3/2. When convection moves angular momentum inward, the result depends on the viscosity coefficient α. If α > αcrit1 ~ 0.05, we once again find the standard ADAF solution. For α < αcrit2 ~ αcrit1, however, we find a nonaccreting solution in which ρ ∝ R-1/2. We refer to this as a "convective envelope" solution or a "convection-dominated accretion flow. " Two-dimensional numerical simulations of ADAFs with values of α ≲ 0.03 have been reported by several authors. The simulated ADAFs exhibit convection. By virtue of their axisymmetry, convection in these simulations moves angular momentum inward, as we confirm by computing the Reynolds stress. The simulations give ρ ∝ R-1/2, in good agreement with the convective envelope solution. The R-1/2 density profile is not a consequence of mass outflow. The relevance of these axisymmetric low-α simulations to real accretion flows is uncertain.
Evaluation of proximal femoral nail-antirotation and cemented, bipolar hemiarthroplasty with calcar replacement in treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in terms of mortality and morbidity ratios.

OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess the mortality and morbidity rates of patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures who were performed proximal femoral nail-antirotation (PFNA) or cemented, bipolar hemiarthroplasty with calcar replacement. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 127 patients (42 males, 85 females; mean age 79.2 years; range 55 to 98 years) who were treated due to proximal femoral fracture between January 2008 and January 2011 were compared retrospectively in terms of intraoperative mortality, total mortality, and monthly distribution of mortality rates. Of these 127 patients, 92 (28 males, 64 females; mean age 80.24 years; range 55 to 94 years) who were alive, who achieved at least a 12-month follow-up, and could walk and fulfil daily activities in preoperative period were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups as PFNA group (n=34) and cemented, bipolar hemiarthroplasty with calcar replacement group (hemiarthroplasty group; n=58). Both groups were compared in terms of duration of operation, requirement for intraoperative blood transfusion, duration of hospital stay, functional outcomes, quality of life, complication and revision rates, and costs of operation. RESULTS Patients in both groups had the same type of fracture. Bone mineral densitometry results and the type and risk of anesthesia of both groups were similar. No significant difference was detected between two groups in terms of intraoperative mortality, total mortality, and monthly distribution of mortality rates (p>0.05). Mean durations of operation were 54.85 minutes (range 40-110 minutes) and 74.66 minutes (range 55-120 minutes) in the PFNA and hemiarthroplasty groups, respectively. Mean durations of hospital stay were 5.91 days (range 5-12 days) and 9.41 days (range 6-16 days) in the PFNA and hemiarthroplasty groups, respectively. In the PFNA group, durations of operation and hospital stay were shorter and functional results were superior (p<0.05). Requirement for blood transfusion was lower in the PFNA group. CONCLUSION Both PFNA and cemented, bipolar hemiarthroplasty with calcar replacement are good techniques in treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures. Internal fixation may be more appropriate for elderly patients due to shorter duration of operation and lower risk of reoperation.
"Whose Second Life Is This?" How Avatar-Based Racial Cues Shape Ethno-Racial Minorities' Perception of Virtual Worlds

Research on social identity contingencies suggests that situational cues, such as a numerical representation of social identities in a given social environment, can trigger identity-associated threat for individuals whose social identity is marginalized. Given that popular virtual worlds (e.g., Second Life [SL]) are often criticized for White-avatar dominance or White bias, we examined the psychological effects of the alleged White dominance in avatar-based virtual worlds by conducting two experiments in which participants read fictitious profiles of SL resident avatars. White and non-White participants were randomly assigned to view either a set of White-dominant avatar profiles or a set of racially diverse ones. After reading the profiles, participants had an opportunity to customize avatars using the SL interface. The findings of Experiment 1 (n=59) revealed that non-White participants exposed to the White-dominant avatar profiles, when compared with those exposed to the racially diverse profiles, reported significantly lower levels of sense of belonging and intention to participate in SL. Experiment 2 (n=64) demonstrated that non-White participants exposed to the White-dominant avatar profiles gave significantly higher estimation of the White user population within SL; the data also showed that exposure to the White-dominant avatar profiles resulted in a greater sense of limitation on skin customization among non-White participants than among White participants. The present research suggests that ethno-racial minorities, when exposed to avatar-based cues that signal White dominance, may perceive the virtual world as identity threatening, thereby feeling psychologically disconnected and detached from it. Implications regarding racial/ethnic diversity in virtual worlds are discussed.
Distance Based Feature Detection on 3D Point Sets

We propose a distance based algorithm for implicit feature detection on 3D point sets. Instead of directly determining whether a point belongs to a feature of the 3D point set or not, we ﬁrst compute the distance between the point and its nearest feature. The obtained distance function is ﬁltered, removing noise and outliers, and the features of the point set are computed as the zero set of the ﬁltered function. Initial tests show that the proposed method is robust and can deal with amount of noise usually expected in a point set.
Cross-competition in Editing of Chloroplast RNA Transcripts in Vitro Implicates Sharing of Trans-factors between Different C Targets*♦

C→U plant organellar RNA editing is required for the translation of evolutionarily conserved and functional proteins. 28 different C targets of RNA editing have been identified in maize chloroplasts, and hundreds of Cs are edited in mitochondria. Mutant analysis in Arabidopsis has indicated that absence of a single site-specific recognition protein can result in loss of editing of a single C target, raising the possibility that each C target requires a recognition protein. Here we show that transcripts encompassing two editing sites, ZMrpoB C467 and ZMrps14 C80, can compete editing activity from each other in vitro despite limited sequence similarity. The signal causing competition overlaps a 5′-cis element required for editing efficiency. A single five-nucleotide mutation spanning the region from –20 to –16 relative to the edited C of rpoB C467 is sufficient to eliminate its substrate editing as well as its ability to compete editing activity from rps14 C80 substrates. A corresponding mutation in an rps14 C80 competitor likewise eliminated its ability to compete editing activity from rpoB C467 substrates. Taken together, our results indicate that the RNA sequences mediating both editing efficiency and cross-competition are highly similar and that a common protein is involved in their editing. Sharing of trans-factors can facilitate editing of the large number of different C targets in plant organelles so that a different protein factor would not be required for every editing site.
Effect of different feeds on larval development and survival of ornamental koi carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae in laboratory condition

The experiment was conducted for 56-day with a view to observe the effects of different feeds on larval development and survival of 3 day-old ornamental koi carp Cyprinus carpio larvae in fiber glass aquaria to develop rearing technique for promoting its aquaculture and for promoting the aquarium business. There were three treatments, each having two replications, stocked with 30 larvae having an initial length and weight of 2.31 ± 0.10 mm and weight of 0.005 ± 0.01 g respectively, in a glass aquaria of size 30 × 10 × 6 inch3 . Three different feeds i.e. crushed pellet feed, mixed diet i.e. 50% pellet + 50% chopped tubificid worms and live chopped tubificid worms, having different protein levels were administered to compare their suitability as food for the rearing of C. carpio larvae. The larvae fed with chopped tubificid worms showed significantly better results in terms of length and weight gain, percent length and weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR %) compared to the rest two treatments. The highest survival rate 56.66 ± 2.29% was shown by the chopped tubificid worms fed larvae which was significantly higher than those of crushed pellet feed and mixed diet respectively. Water quality parameters were monitored throughout the experimental periods. On the basis of larval development and survival rate, it could be suggested the live chopped tubificid worms is suitable for the culture of ornamental koi carp C. carpio larvae.
High rates of chlamydia in patients referred for termination of pregnancy: treatment, contact tracing, and implications for screening.

AIMS To determine the rate of chlamydia and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and to describe treatment and factors associated with chlamydia in patients presenting for a termination of pregnancy (TOP). METHODS A retrospective audit of patients attending one of two TOP clinics from 1 February 2003. (Clinic A, n=500; Clinic B, n=501). Age, ethnicity, marital status, previous pregnancies, contraception, STIs, and treatment were recorded. RESULTS Ten percent of patients tested positive for an STI. Chlamydia was most commonly detected, in 7.7% of all patients. Higher rates of chlamydia were observed at clinic B (10.2% vs 5.2%, p=0.005) and in under 25 year olds (11.2% vs 3.6%, p<0.001). Rates of chlamydia in Pacific women were 18.6%, in Maori 12.9%, in Asian 7.3% and 4.4% in New Zealand European women. All patients testing positive for chlamydia were treated prior to TOP but only 41% of partners were treated. Other infections detected included 18 cases of human papillomavirus (HPV), three cases of trichomoniasis, one case of gonorrhoea, and one case of syphilis. CONCLUSIONS There is a high rate of chlamydia in women presenting for TOP, particularly in under 25 year olds, Pacific, and Maori women. There is an immediate need for policymakers to respond to this increasing burden of chlamydia by instigating targeted education, guidelines, and mandatory chlamydia screening and contact tracing for pregnant women.
Mental health of two communities of Japanese‐Brazilians: A comparative study in Japan and in Brazil

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the mental health status of Japanese‐Brazilians living in Kiyoharadai, Japan and compare the findings with the Japanese‐Brazilians living in Bauru, Brazil. A comparative community‐based mental health survey was conducted from November 1997 to April 1999 on a randomly selected sample of Brazilians of Japanese descent living in Bauru, Brazil (n = 213) and on the entire Brazilian community of Kiyoharadai, Utsunomiya, Japan (n = 158), using the self‐reporting questionnaire (SRQ‐20). Analysis was done by χ2, Fisher and multiple logistic regression. Scores indicating probable cases of minor psychiatric disorders, were found in 3.2% of the community in Bauru city and 17.8% (OR = 7.01) of the community in Kiyoharadai. The sociodemographic data indicated that those with high SRQ‐20 scores were most likely to be female (OR = 2.98), smokers (OR = 2.76), and those whose former occupation was student when living in Brazil (OR = 9.57). The mental health status of the Japanese‐Brazilians living in Kiyoharadai, Japan is significantly worse than that of the community living in Bauru, Brazil, particularly among women, smokers and those who were students when living in Brazil. Further research concerning the mental health of this community is necessary and assistance provided.
Socialization Turning Points: An Examination of Change in Organizational Identification.

This report identifies a gap between theory and research which plagues two areas of organizational inquiry, describes a method through which these concerns may be addressed, and describes a study which employed this method. Specifically, recent conceptualizations of organizational socialization and organizational identification view individuals as active participants in their relationships with organizations. Yet, research in both areas has over‐emphasized the organization's perspective and under‐emphasized the individual's. Turning point analysis is a method through which researchers may nisten” to participants’ points of view. It was used in a study reported here in order to help round out the relevant bodies of research. Retrospective interviewing was used to reconstruct the history and process of individuals’ socialization experiences over an eight‐month period. Fifteen types of turning points were identified. The results derived from turning point analysis are compared with conceptualizations of soci.
Elucidation of a protein signature discriminating six common types of adenocarcinoma

Pathologists are commonly facing the problem of attempting to identify the site of origin of a metastatic cancer when no primary tumor has been identified, yet few markers have been identified to date. Multitumor classifiers based on microarray based RNA expression have recently been described. Here we describe the first approximation of a tumor classifier based entirely on protein expression quantified by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). The 2DE was used to analyze the proteomic expression pattern of 77 similarly appearing (using histomorphology) adenocarcinomas encompassing 6 types or sites of origin: ovary, colon, kidney, breast, lung and stomach. Discriminating sets of proteins were identified and used to train an artificial neural network (ANN). A leave‐one‐out cross validation (LOOCV) method was used to test the ability of the constructed network to predict the single held out sample from each iteration with a maximum predictive accuracy of 87% and an average predictive accuracy of 82% over the range of proteins chosen for its construction. These findings demonstrate the use of proteomics to construct a highly accurate ANN‐based classifier for the detection of an individual tumor type, as well as distinguishing between 6 common tumor types in an unknown primary diagnosis setting. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congruence of BOLD Response across Intertemporal Choice Conditions: Fictive and Real Money Gains and Losses

Intertemporal choice is predicated on the valuation of commodities with respect to delay until their receipt. Subjective value of a future outcome decreases, or is discounted, as a function of that delay (Bickel and Johnson, 2003). Although behavioral studies suggest no difference between the devaluation of real and fictive outcomes, no neuroimaging studies have investigated potential differences in the underlying deliberative process. Here, we compare behavioral and neural correlates of intertemporal valuation of real and hypothetical monetary gains as well as hypothetical losses, which have been posited to involve different mechanisms. Behavioral and neuroimaging sessions were conducted in which participants made intertemporal choice decisions in a gains condition using both real and hypothetical $100 money and in a loss condition using a fictive $100 money. Within-subject comparison of behavioral data revealed no significant difference between levels of discounting across the three conditions. Random-effects analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of each of the three discounting conditions independently revealed significant signal change in limbic (anterior cingulate, striatum, posterior cingulate) and executive functioning areas (lateral prefrontal cortex), whereas a repeated-measures ANOVA failed to detect differences in signal change across the three discounting conditions after correcting for multiple comparisons. These data support a concordance between real and hypothetical conditions from delay-discounting studies and further suggest a congruence of the fMRI blood oxygen level-dependent signal across brain regions associated with the deliberative process of different forms of intertemporal choice.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT, WORK ENGAGEMENT AND AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT

The study examined the impact of perceived organizational support and work engagement on affective commitment of employees. Responses to a survey of 102 employees from the petrochemical industry were used to test the study hypotheses. Multiple Regression Analyses revealed that employee’s perception of organizational support and their dedication towards their work contributes significantly to their affective commitment. It was also found that engagement mediated the relationship between perceived organizational support and affective commitment.
Union formation in fragile families

In this article, we use data from a new longitudinal survey—the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study—to examine union formation among unmarried parents who have just had a child together. We used multinomial logistic regression to estimate the effects of economic, cultural/interpersonal, and other factors on whether (relative to having no romantic relationship) parents are romantically involved and living apart, cohabiting, or married to each other about one year after the child’s birth. Net of other factors (including baseline relationship status), women’s education and men’s earnings encourage marriage. Cultural and interpersonal factors also have strong effects: women’s trust of men, both parents’ positive attitudes toward marriage, and both parents’ assessment of the supportiveness in their relationship encourage marriage. Supportiveness also encourages cohabitation, while fathers having a problem with alcohol or drugs and reporting higher conflict in the relationship discourage cohabitation. Fathers’ physical violence deters couples’ remaining in romantic nonresident relationships.
Fat oxidation during whole body exercise appears to be a good example of regulation by the interaction of physiological systems

A hallmark of metabolism during aerobic exercise such as walking, running or bicycling is a reduction in the absolute rate of fat oxidation when the intensity exceeds moderate levels (e.g. above approximately 60–75% maximal oxygen uptake). Running and bicycling are termed ‘whole body’ type exercise as they can recruit a large amount of skeletal muscle, involving both legs, several joints and numerous muscles while also triggering a strong neuroendocrine response, particularly when the intensity is high. This response includes a reduced rate of blood flow to each kilogram of exercising muscle, due presumably to central cardiovascular limitations (Andersen & Saltin, 1985) that restrict oxygen and plasma fatty acid delivery to muscle.