Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Researching possibilities in marketing

Contrasts prospecting research with in‐depth qualitative research and statistical survey research. Presents a simple model – in mathematical terms, and as a numerical table – to relate the size of a sample to its power in terms of exploring the diversity of possibilities in a market. One implication of this model is that effective prospecting samples tend to be larger than those that are often taken for qualitative research: smaller samples may be surprisingly likely to exclude important possibilities and underestimate the degree of diversity in a population. By implication, qualitative researchers will often benefit from an initial prospecting survey of the market in which they are conducting in‐depth research.
Burnout and health of primary school educators in the North West Province

The aim of this research was to use the Job Demands-Resources model as a theoretical framework to test a structural model which included job characteristics, burnout, and ill-health for primary school educators in the North West Province. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Stratified random samples (n = 646) were taken of primary school educators in the North West Province. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, the Job Characteristics Inventory, and the Health sub-scale of an Organisational Stress Screening Evaluation Tool (ASSET) were administered. Structural equation modelling showed that job demands and a lack of job resources contributed to ill-health through burnout, indicating that burnout mediated between job characteristics and ill-health.
Increase in cigarette smoking and decline of anti-smoking counselling among Chinese physicians: 1987–1996

Four hundred and ninety-three Chinese physicians were surveyed in 1996 on their cigarette smoking patterns, frequency and methods of anti-smoking counselling in Wuhan, capital city of Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China. It was found that 61.3% of the male and 12.2% of the female physicians were current cigarette smokers, an increase of 20.4% for males and 149.0% for females in comparison with findings among physicians in the same city in 1987. Also, about one-third (30.2%) of the smokers reported a daily consumption of 20 cigarettes or more, showing a 23% increase. In addition, two-thirds (68.6%) of the physicians counselled their patients about cigarette smoking in the past year, representing a 25% decrease. In the 1987 sample, physicians’ age and cigarette smoking status predicted the frequency of their anti-smoking counselling. In the present sample, these two variables are no longer associated with physicians’ counselling frequency. Unchanged over the 9 years are the strong associations between physicians’ counselling frequency and whether they perceived themselves as the most influential people in helping patients quit smoking, and whether they perceived their past counselling experiences as successful. In conclusion, the findings of the present study have provided valuable information on Chinese physicians’ cigarette smoking patterns and their anti-smoking counselling practices. The dramatic increase in cigarette smokers among Chinese physicians, especially female physicians, in the past 9 years is alarming. The trend seems to be that more physicians are cigarette smokers now than 9 years ago, and fewer care to counsel their patients about cigarette smoking. These critical changes have raised new themes regarding future anti-smoking strategies in China. Increase in cigarette smoking and decline of anti-smoking counselling among Chinese physicians: 1987–1996*
Reduced graphene oxide wrapped Cu2O supported on C3N4: An efficient visible light responsive semiconductor photocatalyst

Herein, Cu2O spheres were prepared and encapsulated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The Cu2O–rGO–C3N4 composite covered the whole solar spectrum with significant absorption intensity. rGO wrapped Cu2O loading caused a red shift in the absorption with respect to considering the absorption of bare C3N4. The photoluminescence study confirms that rGO exploited as an electron transport layer at the interface of Cu2O and C3N4 heterojunction. Utmost, ∼2 fold synergistic effect was achieved with Cu2O–rGO–C3N4 for the photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in comparison with Cu2O–rGO and C3N4. The Cu2O–rGO–C3N4 photocatalyst was reused for four times without loss in its activity.
Latency reduction in online multiplayer games using detour routing

Long network latency negatively impacts the performance of online multiplayer games. In this thesis, we propose a novel approach to reduce the network latency in online gaming. Our approach employs application level detour routing in which game-state update messages between two players can be forwarded through other intermediate relay nodes in order to reduce network latency. We present results from an extensive measurement study to show the potential benefits of detour routing in online games. We also present the design of a complete system to achieve the potential, which is called Indirect Relay System (IRS). The experimental and simulation results show that IRS: (i) significantly reduces end-toend round-trip times (RTTs) among players, (ii) increases number of peers a player can connect to and maintain good gaming quality, (iii) imposes negligible network and processing overheads, and (iv) improves gaming quality and player performance.
Surface Treatment Prior to Cementation of Y-TZP Based Ceramics

The longevity of an indirect restoration is closely related to the retention quality. High retention is important to maintaining integrity of the cement at the margin (prevention of micro leakage) [11], and increasing the fracture/fatigue resistance [11,12]. A 3 years follow-up of zirconia single crowns related that 7% of all Y-TZP crowns placed in the posterior region de bonded [13]. This draw back may suggest that promoting a durable bond between the Y-TZP and tooth structure is still challenging the adhesive dentistry.
Wide-field imaging of NGC 4365's globular cluster system: The third subpopulation revisited

Analysis of the globular cluster (GC) system of the giant elliptical (E3) galaxy NGC 4365, from eight Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys pointings and a wide-field Subaru/Suprime-Cam image, is presented. Using magnitude, colour and size criteria, we obtain a catalogue of GC candidates. We also measure the photometric properties of the galaxy starlight, including a new measure of the effective radius. We determine the lower limit on the number of GCs to be and show that the GC system extends beyond 134 kpc (9.5 galaxy effective radii). We revisit the question of whether NGC 4365 has a bimodal or trimodal GC colour distribution and find support for three distinct GC colour subpopulations (i.e. blue, green and red). Sersic profile fits to the radial surface density of each subpopulation reveal that the blue GCs are more extended than either the red or the green GCs. The median half-light radii for GCs in the blue, green and red subpopulations are , and pc, respectively. The estimated subpopulation ellipticities are , and for the blue, green and red GCs, respectively, where alignment with the photometric position angle of the galaxy () is assumed. A Kolmogorov–Smirnov test on the mass functions shows a 98 per cent probability that all three subpopulations are distinct from one another. We also find radial gradients of GC size and colour (metallicity) and a blue tilt. The properties, including surface density profile, position angle, ellipticity and radial colour gradient, of the red GC subpopulation are very similar to the properties of NGC 4365’s starlight. This result supports the hypothesis that red GCs are formed along with the bulk of the diffuse starlight in the galaxy. NGC 4365 has a kinematically distinct core and a significant misalignment between the photometric and kinematic major-axes. We discuss the possibility that these kinematic features are related to the presence of the distinct third GC subpopulation. We briefly discuss implications for the formation of NGC 4365, finding that major-merger, multiphase-collapse and accretion formation scenarios could all account for the existence of the third GC subpopulation.
Innovative Nitrogen and Carbon Removal

The aerobic systems have been the most widely biological treatment used for municipal and industrial wastewater but show serious problem with sludge sedimentation, high energy demand and microbial inhibition. On the other hand, the anaerobic digestion (AD) of wastewater is considered the best alternative to remove the organic compounds and to recover energy via methane production. Nevertheless, AD has a problem: the treatment of industrial wastewater with high organic nitrogen content reaches high free ammonia (NH 3 ) concentrations due to the protein degradation. NH 3 inhibits the metha‐ nogenic process and is toxic to the environment, and then, it must be removed before its final disposition. Several physicochemical processes have been evaluated for the recov ‐ ery or/and treatment of ammonium from wastewater. The most frequent treatments are gas stripping and magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation. These methods are effective, but they are very expensive compared to biological treatments. Moreover, these techniques usually require more power consumption than the biological process. The technologies based on partial nitrification and Anammox (PN‐A) are the ones with better performance. Thus, this chapter mainly focuses on biological processes based on AD, denitrification and PN‐A for the removal of carbon and nitrogen from industrial waste ‐ water with recovery of energy and water.
Hepatic mRNA expression of histone (H3): an early predictor of tumorgenic changes in chronic hepatitis C

Introduction: Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) persists in most infected individuals and can lead to the development of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Histones are numerous DNA-binding proteins that control the level of DNA condensation and play a critical role in the dynamic changes that occur during the cell cycle. The aim of this study is to assess the changes of histone 3 (H3) mRNA cell cycle gene expression as early predictor of tumorgenic changes in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Material and methods: The study was conducted on liver biopsies from fifty patients with CHC and HCC. Ten normal liver biopsies taken during surgical cholecystectomy served as controls. Histone H3 mRNA expression was evaluated in formalin- fixed and paraffin-embedded liver tissue sections by in situ hybridization. Results: Out of the fifty cases, 20 cases were diagnosed as CHC, 10 cases with HCV-induced liver cirrhosis and 20 cases as HCC on top of HCV. Hepatic expression of histone H3 was higher in CHC or HCC patients than in control group. The cytoplasmic expression of H3 was higher in HCC and cirrhotic liver disease, while the nuclear expression of H3 was more prominent in CHC especially lower scores of necro-inflammatory activity and fibrosis. Conclusions: It could be concluded that alterations of hepatic expression of histone H3 mRNA quantitatively (increased expression) and qualitatively (nuclearcytoplasmic shift) may be used for early prediction of tumorgenic changes in CHC.
Study of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) quality for feeding ruminants using in vitro and in vivo methods

AbStr Act : Nutrient digestibility and parameters of nutritive value for ruminants of two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated by means of an in vivo balance trial performed by the regres - sion method on two groups of heifers with an increasing proportion of grain in DM (from 6 to 46%). Sulamit and Rapsodia, chosen on the basis of the in vitro test from a set of 25 cultivars (grown in 2002-2004) reached significant differences in DM fermentability in vitro (by 43.7-78.6 ml/g DM, P < 0.05). In vivo digestibility of crude protein, nitrogen-free extract, organic matter, parameters of N retention, energy concentrations (metabolisable energy, net energy for lactation and for fattening) and parameters in the PDI system (especially PDIE) increased along with the grain proportion in the diet. At the comparable proportion of grain in the ration the positive differences were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) for Sulamit than Rapsodia.
Household Saving Behaviour and Credit Constraints in the Euro Area

We study the role of household saving behaviour, of individual motives for saving and that of perceived liquidity constraints in 15 Euro Area countries. The empirical analysis is based on the Household Finance and Consumption Survey, a new harmonized data set collecting detailed information on wealth holdings, consumption and income at the household level. Since the data is from 2010-2011, strong conclusions as regards the present are difficult to draw. This is because the crisis may have affected the data, especially in countries that were severely hit. Nevertheless we find evidence of some degree of homogeneity across countries with respect to saving preferences and the relative importance of different motives for saving. In addition, credit constraints are more heterogeneous across geographic regions and perceived to be binding for specific groups of respondents. Households living in Mediterranean countries report to be more subject to binding liquidity constraints than households living in Continental Europe. Household characteristics and institutional macroeconomic variables are significant and economically important determinants of household saving preferences and credit constraints.
Evaluation of Different Modelling Methods Used for Erosion Prediction

In this paper, the three methods of modeling erosion in pipe components due to sand production with oil and gas are investigated by the mean of comparison of results obtained from Salama model, DIM model, and DPM model, the three models selected to represent empirical, semi-empirical, and CFD methods, respectively. The DPM model was assumed as a benchmark based on which Salama model and DIM model were investigated. The results obtained from the DIM model agree fairly with those obtained from the DPM model whereas Salama model highly overestimates the DPM model. Based on the comparison, Salama model was modified to increase its accuracy, from one hand, and to extend it to application to oil, from the other hand.
Effects of Wood Ash Biomass Application on Growth Indices and Chlorophyll Content of Maize and Lima bean Intercrop

Wood ash generated from wood industries have enormous potential which can be utilized due to its properties which influences soil chemistry and fertility status of tropical acidic soils. Field experiments were conducted on an acidic sandy loam alfisol to investigate the effects of wood ash on the growth indices and chlorophyll content of maize and lima beans intercrop during the late and early seasons of 2014 and 2015 at Akure in the rainforest zone of southwestern Nigeria. The treatments were 100% sole maize with ash, 100% sole maize without ash, 75% maize + 25% lima beans with ash, 75% + 25% lima beans without ash, 50% maize + 50% lima beans with ash, 50% maize + 50% lima beans without ash, 25% maize + 75% lima beans with ash and 25% maize + 75% lima beans without ash. Wood ash was applied at 2.4kg/plot. Wood ash increased chlorophyll content in all amended treatments except in amended 25:75% maize-lima beans intercrop and 25:75% maize –lima beans intercrop without ash, however 75:25% maize-lima beans amended with wood ash significantly (P≥0.05) recorded the highest chlorophyll content. Growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, leaf length, stem diameter, number of flowers, number of pods, weight of plant and total biomass of amended maize-lima beans intercrop were significantly (P≥0.05) increased by wood ash application. Based on experimental findings, 25:75% maize-lima beans intercrop and 75%:25% maize-lima beans intercrop amended with wood ash was concluded to be more recommendable in the study area.
Effect of ethylene on physiological changes during ripening of mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cv. Kesar

The mango fruit Cv. Kesar were exposed to ethylene gas (100 ppm) for 12, 18 and 24h in fruit ripening chamber (29.4-31.9oC. with 65-84 % R.H.) and the untreated fruit was kept at ambient temperature (26-30oC with 54-62% R.H.). The fruits were then removed from the ripening chamber at the end of exposure period, packed in corrugated fibreboard boxes and then kept at ambient condition to study the ripening behaviour. In ethephon dip treatments, the mango fruits were treated with ethephon at the concentration of 500,750 and 1000 ppm for five minutes, drained, packed in corrugated fibreboard boxes and then kept at ambient condition. It was found that mango Cv. Kesar exposed to the ethylene gas in the ripening chamber and ethephon dip treatment triggered the ripening process. It was observed that mango fruits Cv. Kesar ripened by exposing them to 100 ppm ethylene gas in ripening chamber for 18 hrs and storage at ambient condition recorded the maximum shelf life of 6 days and showed better results in respect of high overall acceptability score of 8.77. Similarly, mango fruits Cv. Kesar ripened by ethephon dip treatment of 750 ppm for 5 minutes and storage at ambient condition recorded the maximum shelf life of 8 days and showed better results in respect of high overall acceptability score of 8.66, respectively. The cost of ripening chamber for 800 kg fruits on per day interest and ethylene gas was considered for calculating the cost of ripening. The cost was found to be Rs 0.69 per kg.
On the Probability and Spatial Distribution of Ocean Surface Currents

AbstractInsights into the probability distribution of ocean currents are important for various applications such as the chance to encounter extreme events, which may affect, for example, marine construction, and for estimating the energy that can be extracted from the ocean. In addition, for devising better parameterizations for submesoscale mixing, which present climate models cannot resolve, one should understand the velocity distribution and its relation to the various forcing of surface ocean circulation. Here, the authors investigate the probability distribution of surface currents from the Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba measured by high-frequency radar. Their results show that the distribution of ocean current speeds can be approximated by a Weibull distribution. Moreover, the authors demonstrate the existence of spatial variations of the scale and shape parameters of the Weibull distribution over a relatively small region of only a few kilometers. They use a simple surface Ekman layer model to investigate thi.
Macrolepiota aberdarense, a new edible mushroom from Kenya

A new Macrolepiota species from the Aberdare Forest in Kenya is described and illustrated. The larger basidiomata with yellow brownish to brownish granular squamules, distinct umbo, larger basidia and smaller ellipsoid basidiospores form remarkable features that separate this species from previously published members belonging to the genus Macrolepiota. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS-rDNA sequences further supported this distinction.
The Effects of Transactional and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment in Hotels: The Mediating Effect of Trust

This study examined the causal relationship among transactional leadership and transformational leadership as well as dimensions of trust and organizational commitment, and confirmed cognitive trust and affective trust play mediators between leadership and organizational commitment from Taiwan’s hotel employees’ perceptive. Results showed that transformational leadership had positive influences on cognitive and affective trust. Transactional leadership had negative effect on cognitive trust. Cognitive trust had positive effect on continuance commitment. Affective trust had positive influences on normative and affective commitment. Cognitive trust played a full mediator between transformational leadership and continuance commitment. Affective trust played a partial mediator between transformational leadership and normative commitment as well as between transformational leadership and affective commitment.
Danish University Colleges Vitamin D status and its determinants during autumn in children at northern latitudes: a cross-sectional analysis from the OPUS School Meal Study

Sufficient summer/autumn vitamin D status appears important to mitigate winter nadirs at northern latitudes. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate autumn vitamin D status and its determinants in 782 Danish 8–11-year-old children (55°N) using baseline data from the Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet (OPUS) School Meal Study, a large randomised controlled trial. Blood samples and demographic and behavioural data, including 7-d dietary recordings, objectively measured physical activity, and time spent outdoors during school hours, were collected during September–November. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was 60·8 (SD 18·7) nmol/l. Serum 25(OH)D levels ≤50 nmol/l were found in 28·4% of the children and 2·4% had concentrations <25 nmol/l. Upon multivariate adjustment, increasing age (per year) (β −2·9; 95 % CI −5·1, −0·7 nmol/l), female sex (β −3·3; 95 % CI −5·9, −0·7 nmol/l), sampling in October (β −5·2; 95 % CI −10·1, −0·4 nmol/l) and November (β −13·3; 95% CI −17·7, −9·1), and non-white ethnicity (β −5·7; 95% CI −11·1, −0·3 nmol/l) were negatively associated with 25(OH)D (all P<0·05). Likewise, immigrant/descendant background was negatively associated with 25(OH)D, particularly in females (β −16·3; 95 % CI −21·9, −10·7) (P< 0·001) (Pinteraction= 0·003). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (min/d) (β 0·06; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·12), outdoor walking during school hours (min/week) (β 0·4; 95% CI 0·1, 0·6) and intake of vitamin D-containing supplements ≥3 d/week (β 8·7; 95 % CI 6·4, 11·0) were positively associated with 25(OH)D (all P<0·05). The high proportion of children with vitamin D status below the recommended sufficiency level of 50 nmol/l raises concern as levels expectedly drop further during winter months. Frequent intake of vitamin D supplements was strongly associated with status. MVPA and outdoor activity during school hours should be investigated further in interventions to improve autumn vitamin D status in children at northern latitudes.
Do Property Rights Institutions Matter at the Local Level? Evidence from Madagascar

Abstract While several cross-country studies have demonstrated that property rights institutions are crucial for economic growth, empirical evidence of this relationship within countries is limited. This article analyses the link between property rights institutions and development at a local level with two rounds of a unique dataset covering almost all of Madagascar at a level akin to counties in the United States. We find robust evidence that property rights institutions in the form of formal land titles do matter for the emergence of large firms at very low administrative levels. We also find evidence that growth in enterprise development strengthens formal property rights, supporting the notion that the causality between institutions and growth runs both ways even at a low administrative level.