Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Suicide Attempters and Ideators in a Clinical Sample of Substance Users

ABSTRACT There is little research to distinguish those who attempt suicide and those who only consider suicide, and the role that substance use plays in this progression. We aim to describe clinical correlates of suicide attempters versus ideators in substance users. We examined characteristics of substance users (N = 185) that had either a suicide attempt within the last 6 months (n = 94) or were suicide ideators (n = 91). Suicide attempters displayed significant different clinical profiles to that of non-attemptors. Relative to ideators, attempters had greater scores on impulsivity, the brief psychiatric scale and more likely to be female and a recent psychostimulant user. Logistic regression revealed that male gender was associated with a decreased odds of a previous suicide attempt (OR = 0.37, p < 0.05) and greater impulsivity scores were associated with increased odds of an attempt (OR = 1.15, p < 0.05), although entering interaction terms diminished the role of impulsivity and revealed a significant interaction of alcohol use x depression. While impulsivity was a significant predictor of suicide attempt relative to depression or alcohol use alone, this reduced when considering interactions between psychological characteristics and substance use, whereby the effect of alcohol use on the likelihood of a recent suicide attempt varied at different levels of depression.
Association of Higher Daptomycin Dose (7 mg/kg or Greater) with Improved Survival in Patients with Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

Current guidelines recommend higher daptomycin doses than the daptomycin label dose of 6 mg/kg for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia; however, the evidence supporting this recommendation is from in vitro and case series studies. This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of the daptomycin label dose versus higher daptomycin doses in patients with MRSA bacteremia.
Efficacy of NVR 3-778, Alone and In Combination With Pegylated Interferon, vs Entecavir In uPA/SCID Mice With Humanized Livers and HBV Infection.

BACKGROUND & AIMS NVR3-778 is a capsid assembly modulator in clinical development. We determined the in vivo antiviral efficacy and effects on innate and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses of NVR3-778 alone or in combination with pegylated interferon alpha (peg-IFN) and compared with entecavir. METHODS We performed 2 studies, with a total of 61 uPA/SCID mice with humanized livers. Mice were infected with a hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C preparation; we waited 8 weeks for persistent infection of the human hepatocytes in livers of mice. Mice were then randomly assigned to groups (5 or 6 per group) given vehicle (control), NVR3-778, entecavir, peg-IFN, NVR3-778 + entecavir, or NVR3-778 + peg-IFN for 6 weeks. We measured levels of HB surface antigen, HB e antigen, HBV RNA, alanine aminotransferase, and human serum albumin at different time points. Livers were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry; levels of HBV DNA, covalently closed circular DNA, and HBV RNA, along with markers of ER stress and IFN response, were quantified. RESULTS Mice given NVR3-778 or entecavir alone for 6 weeks had reduced serum levels of HBV DNA compared with controls or mice given peg-IFN. The largest reduction was observed in mice given NVR3-778 + peg-IFN; in all mice in this group, the serum level of HBV DNA was below the limit of quantification. NVR3-778 and peg-IFN, but not entecavir, also reduced serum level of HBV RNA. The largest effect was obtained in the NVR3-778 + peg-IFN group, in which serum level of HBV RNA was below the limit of quantification. Levels of HB surface antigen and HB e antigen were reduced significantly in only the groups that received peg-IFN. Levels of covalently closed circular DNA did not differ significantly among groups. NVR3-778 was not associated with any significant changes in level of alanine aminotransferase, the ER stress response, or IFN-stimulated genes. CONCLUSIONS NVR3-778 has high antiviral activity in mice with humanized livers and stable HBV infection, reducing levels of serum HBV DNA and HBV RNA. Entecavir reduced levels of serum HBV DNA, but had no effect on HBV RNA. The combination of NVR3-778 and peg-IFN prevented viral replication and HBV RNA particle production to a greater extent than each compound alone or entecavir.
Food Deprivation Decreases Blood Galanin-Like Peptide and Its Rapid Entry into the Brain

Galanin-like peptide (GALP) was recently isolated from the hypothalamus, where its expression is influenced by leptin and food deprivation. Since leptin crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by a saturable transport system that is downregulated by fasting, we examined the effect of leptin and fasting on the entry of GALP into mouse brain. Multiple-time regression analysis showed that the basal influx of 125I-GALP from blood was rapid (Ki = 9.49 ± 0.72 × 10–4 ml/g·min). This influx was not affected by leptin but was significantly decreased by food deprivation for 24 or 48 h, accompanied by decreased immunoreactive plasma GALP at 48 h, but not at 24 h. By contrast, pretreatment of mice fasted for 24 h with glucose resulted in a significant increase in the blood-to-brain influx of GALP that was not accompanied by increased immunoreactive plasma GALP. HPLC showed that most of the GALP crossed the BBB in an intact form, and capillary depletion studies showed that more than 93% of the GALP crossing entered the parenchyma of the brain rather than being bound to the endothelial cells of the capillaries composing the BBB or being reversibly associated with the vasculature. Efflux of 125I-GALP occurred at the rate of the normal reabsorption of CSF, and the octanol-buffer partition coefficient showed insufficient lipophilicity to explain the fast rate of influx. When 125I-GALP was perfused in blood-free buffer, the self-inhibition characteristic of a saturable transport system was evident even though capillary gel electrophoresis showed GALP aggregating as a trimer. Capillary zone electrophoresis showed protein binding of GALP in serum, perhaps facilitating its interactions at the BBB. In particular, these studies show for the first time (1) that immunoreactive GALP is present in blood where (2) its concentrations are reduced by food deprivation, and (3) that there is a rapid blood-to-brain influx of intact GALP (4) which is decreased by fasting and (5) increased by pretreatment with glucose.
Adaptive Immune Responses following Senecavirus A Infection in Pigs

ABSTRACT Senecavirus A (SVA), an emerging picornavirus of swine, causes vesicular disease (VD) that is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in pigs. Many aspects of SVA interactions with the host and the host immune responses to infection, however, remain unknown. In the present study, humoral and cellular immune responses to SVA were evaluated following infection in pigs. We show that SVA infection elicited an early and robust virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody response, which coincided and was strongly correlated with VP2- and VP3-specific IgM responses. Notably, the neutralizing antibody (NA) responses paralleled the reduction of viremia and resolution of the disease. Analysis of the major porcine T-cell subsets revealed that during the acute/clinical phase of SVA infection (14 days postinfection [p.i.]), T-cell responses were characterized by an increased frequency of αβ T cells, especially CD4+ T cells, which were first detected by day 7 p.i. and increased in frequency until day 14 p.i. Additionally, the frequency of CD8+ and double-positive CD4+ CD8+ T cells (effector/memory T cells) expressing interferon gamma (IFN-γ) or proliferating in response to SVA antigen stimulation increased after day 10 p.i. Results presented here show that SVA elicits B- and T-cell activation early upon infection, with IgM antibody levels being correlated with early neutralizing activity against the virus and peak B- and T-cell responses paralleling clinical resolution of the disease. The work provides important insights into the immunological events that follow SVA infection in the natural host. IMPORTANCE Senecavirus A (SVA) has recently emerged in swine, causing outbreaks of vesicular disease (VD) in major swine-producing countries around the world, including the United States, Brazil, China, Thailand, and Colombia. Notably, SVA-induced disease is clinically indistinguishable from other high-consequence VDs of swine, such as FMD, swine vesicular disease, vesicular stomatitis, and vesicular exanthema of swine. Despite the clinical relevance of SVA-induced VD, many aspects of the virus infection biology remain unknown. Here, we assessed host immune responses to SVA infection. The results show that SVA infection elicits early B- and T-cell responses, with the levels of VN antibody and CD4+ T-cell responses paralleling the reduction of viremia and resolution of the disease. SVA-specific CD8+ T cells are detected later during infection. A better understanding of SVA interactions with the host immune system may allow the design and implementation of improved control strategies for this important pathogen of swine.
Epilepsy in fragile‐X‐syndrome mimicking panayiotopoulos syndrome: Description of three patients

Fragile‐X‐syndrome is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability. Epilepsy is reported to occur in 10–20% of individuals with Fragile‐X‐syndrome. A frequent seizure/electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern resembles that of benign rolandic epilepsy. We describe the clinical features, EEG findings and evolution in three patients affected by Fragile‐X‐syndrome and epilepsy mimicking Panayiotopoulos syndrome. Age at seizure onset was between 4 and about 7 years. Seizures pattern comprised a constellation of autonomic symptoms with unilateral deviation of the eyes and ictal syncope. Duration of the seizures could be brief or lengthy. Interictal EEGs revealed functional multifocal abnormalities. The evolution was benign in all patients with seizures remission before the age of 14. This observation expands the spectrum of benign epileptic phenotypes present in Fragile‐X‐syndrome and may be quite helpful in guiding anticonvulsant management and counseling families as to expectations regarding seizure remission.
Differential Regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 Gelatinases in Cultured Human Keratinocytes

Background: Among matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9 are considered to play important roles in the tissue metabolism. Objective: To study the production of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cultured keratinocytes. Methods: We examined the effect of cell passage number and cell differentiation on these enzymes by zymography and immunocytochemistry. Results: Both MMP-2 and MMP-9 gelatinases were detected in keratinocyte-conditioned media using zymography. The level of MMP-2 in the medium decreased after sequential passage, whereas MMP-9 was detected at a constant level. Treatment of keratinocytes with Ca2+, a potent stimulator for cell differentiation, induced secretion of MMP-9, which was confirmed immunocytochemically. Inversely, treatment with retinoic acid, which inhibits cell differentiation, increased the level of MMP-2. Conclusion: These results suggest that keratinocytes regulate their secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 gelatinase in distinct and independent patterns during differentiation.
Arabic validation of the tinnitus handicap inventory and the mini‐tinnitus questionnaire on 100 adult patients

J. Alarid-Coronel E. Celis-Aguilar L. Escobar-Aispuro V. Mu~ noz-Estrada Center of Research and Teaching of Health Sciences, Universidad Aut onoma de Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico Department of Otolaryngology, Center of Research and Teaching of Health Sciences, Universidad Aut onoma de Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico Department of Dermatology, Center of Research and Teaching of Health Sciences, Universidad Aut onoma de Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico
Major developments in methods addressing for whom psychotherapy may work and why

Abstract Significant progress has been achieved in the last decades in studying two central questions in psychotherapy research: what treatment works for which patient and why does treatment work. This paper delineates central developments in the methods used to study each of these questions. Through targeted examples, the paper discusses several phenomena and trends in psychotherapy research. Regarding the question of what works for whom, the discussion focuses on the progress from the search for one moderator to guide clinical decision-making to the search for a set of such moderators and their interactive effects, to best answer this question. To answer the question why treatment is effective, the paper reviews the progress from a single snapshot of a process variable to approaching causality, that is, temporal relationships, higher dependability, and closer attention to the dynamics of change in process variables. Finally, methodological developments made it possible to combine these two questions so as to better capture the richness and complexity of therapeutic work. Two central products of this integration are discussed and demonstrated through the case of the working alliance.
Effects of Hormones on Sleep

Administration of hormones to humans and animals results in specific effects on the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) and nocturnal hormone secretion. Studies with pulsatile administration of various neuropeptides in young and old normal controls and in patients with depression suggest they play a key role in sleep-endocrine regulation. Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates GH and slow wave sleep (SWS) and inhibits cortisol, whereas corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) exerts opposite effects. Changes in the GHRH:CRH ratio contribute to sleep-endocrine aberrations during normal ageing and acute depression. In addition, galanin and neuropeptide Y promote sleep, whereas, in the elderly, somatostatin impairs sleep. The rapid eye movement (REM)-nonREM cycle is modulated by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Cortisol stimulates SWS and GH, probably by feedback inhibition of CRH. Neuroactive steroids exert specific effects on the sleep EEG, which can be explained by γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor modulation.
Effect of regulating anger and sadness on decision-making

Abstract The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of reappraisal, acceptance, and rumination for regulating anger and sadness on decision-making. Participants (N = 165) were asked to recall two autobiographical events in which they felt intense anger and sadness, respectively. Participants were then instructed to reappraise, accept, ruminate, or not use any strategies to regulate their feelings of anger and sadness. Following this manipulation, risk aversion, and decision-making strategies were measured using a computer-based measure of risk-taking and a simulated real-life decision-making task. Participants who were instructed to reappraise their emotions showed the least anger and sadness, the most adaptive decision-making strategies, but the least risk aversion as compared to the participants in the other conditions. These findings suggest that emotion regulation strategies of negative affective states have an immediate effect on decision-making and risk-taking behaviors.
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis occurring after very-short-term intermittent peritoneal dialysis.

Shinji Mutoh, MD, Department of Urology, Kumamoto University Medical School, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto City, 860 (Japan) Dear Sir, We experienced a case of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) which is a serious but rare complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD). The patient who had been on hemodialysis for 12 years because of chronic renal failure, showed the symptoms and surgical findings of SEP. About l1⁄2 years before the diagnosis of SEP, the patient had been temporarily treated for 10 days with seven courses of IPD instead of hemodialysis because of tarry stool caused by relapsed duodenal ulcer. We could not elucidate the reason why peritoneal fibro-sis continued even after the cessation of IPD therapy. A 50-year-old patient who had been on hemodialysis for 12 years from August 1976, complained of nausea, vomiting and weight loss and was hospitalized in November, 1987. The patient had been operated on for duodenal ulcer in 1957 but no abnormal findings were found in the upper gastrointestinal tract. CT and ultrasonic examination showed as-cites. At colon examination by barium enema, compression narrowing was revealed 30 cm above the anus. An abdominal paracentesis showed bloody ascites but cytologic studies were negative for malignant cells. Pseudo-myxoma peritonei was suspected and laparotomy was done. Abdominal viscera stuck to each other forming a firm encapsulated bowel loop covered by thick fibrous tissue. Adheoly-sis of the bowel loop was difficult to perform and only surgical specimens were taken for histological examination. The diagnosis of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis was Fig. 1. Histologic ■ . ■■ ‘•• examination of peri· toneum extirpated by ‚ · laparotomy. Proliferation of fibroconnec-tive tissue and fibrin deposits are recognized. HE. × 70. made (fig. 1). In March 1986, about l1⁄2 years before the operation, the patient had received very-short-term IPD therapy consisting of 7 courses during 10 days because tarry stool had
An Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Simultaneous Bilateral Nephrectomy and Renal Transplantation for Polycystic Kidney Disease: A 20-Year Experience

Background Many strategies regarding timing of native nephrectomies exist for patients with symptomatic polycystic kidney disease (PCKD). Methods This is a single-center, retrospective study of 594 adults with PCKD who had renal transplants from 1994 to 2014. Three groups were analyzed: renal transplant-only recipients (tx alone), recipients of simultaneous bilateral nephrectomies and transplant (simultaneous), and recipients with pretransplant bilateral nephrectomies (pre). The primary outcome was graft survival. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications. Results Five hundred sixty-five adults with PCKD received kidney transplants (303 tx alone, 161 simultaneous, 27 pre). Ten-year posttransplant graft survival was 68.5%, 63.6%, and 65.7% for tx alone, simultaneous, and precohorts (P = 0.86). No statistically significant differences were observed in rates of postoperative ileus, deep vein thrombosis, small bowel obstruction, urinary stricture, urine leak, hernia formation, and delayed graft function. More wound complications were seen in prepatients (25.9% vs 11.1% tx alone, 5.1% simultaneous; P = 0.03), whereas simultaneous patients had a lower incidence of lymphocele (1.3% vs 11.1% pre, 10.2% tx-alone; P = 0.002). Importantly, simultaneous patients had more renal vascular thromboses (4.4% vs 1.3% tx alone, 0% pre; P = 0.04). 16.3% of renal transplant alone patients required nephrectomy at 10 years follow-up. Twenty-nine patients were referred for transplant having had nephrectomies and were ultimately not transplanted. In 4 of these patients who had data available for analysis, the mean panel-reactive antibody significantly increased after nephrectomy was performed. Conclusions Simultaneous bilateral nephrectomy can be safely performed at the time of renal transplantation, however, carries a significantly increased risk of renal vascular thrombosis.
Effectiveness of a Family-based Diabetes Self-management Educational Intervention for Chinese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in Wuhan, China

Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a family-based self-management educational intervention on self-management in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Wuhan, China. Methods A quasi-experimental design with repeated measures was employed. Chinese patients with T2DM (N = 57) and their family members were assigned to 2 groups. The intervention group (n1 = 29) received a tailored 7-session educational intervention and the control group (n2 = 28) received routine care in the community. Data were collected at pre- and postintervention and at the end of the 3-month follow-up. Descriptive analysis and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Results Participants with T2DM in the intervention group showed significance in greater reductions in A1C, body mass index, and waist circumference and significant improvements in diabetes knowledge, diabetes self-efficacy, self-care activities, and health-related quality of life compared with those in the control group. Family members in the intervention group had significant improvements in diabetes knowledge and health-related quality of life. Conclusion Study findings demonstrated that a family-based diabetes self-management intervention incorporating self-efficacy theory may help Chinese adults with T2DM in modifying their lifestyle and performing self-care activities to improve A1C management.
Muscarinic receptors 2 and 5 regulate bitter response of urethral brush cells via negative feedback

We have recently identified a cholinergic chemosensory cell in the urethral epithelium, urethral brush cell (UBC), that, upon stimulation with bitter or bacterial substances, initiates a reflex detrusor activation. Here, we elucidated cholinergic mechanisms that modulate UBC responsiveness. We analyzed muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1–5 mAChR) expression by using RT‐PCR in UBCs, recorded [Ca2+]i responses to a bitter stimulus in isolated UBCs of wild‐type and mAChR‐deficient mice, and performed cystometry in all involved strains. The bitter response of UBCs was enhanced by global cholinergic and selective M2 inhibition, diminished by positive allosteric modulation of M5, and unaffected by M1, M3, and M4 mAChR inhibitors. This effect was not observed in M2 and M5 mAChR‐deficient mice. In cystometry, M5 mAChR‐deficient mice demonstrated signs of detrusor overactivity. In conclusion, M2 and M5 mAChRs attenuate the bitter response of UBC via a cholinergic negative autocrine feedback mechanism. Cystometry suggests that dysfunction, particularly of the M5 receptor, may lead to such symptoms as bladder overactivity. —Deckmann, K. , Rafiq, A. , Erdmann, C. , Illig, C. , Durschnabel, M. , Wess, J., Weidner, W. , Bschleipfer, T. , Kummer, W. Muscarinic receptors 2 and 5 regulate bitter response of urethral brush cells via negative feedback. FASEB J. 32, 2903–2910 (2018). www.fasebj. org
M1, M3 and M5 Muscarinic Receptors Stimulate Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

We report here that the M<sub>1</sub>, M<sub>3</sub> and M<sub>5</sub> muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes that have been shown to couple to phosphoinositide hydrolysis also activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Pharmacological characterization as well as mechanistic details of the activation pathway are presented. Carbachol-induced MAPK activation was time- and concentration-dependent at all subtypes. Pharmacological characterization of the MAPK response revealed that McN-A-343 was a partial agonist at the M<sub>1</sub> and M<sub>3</sub> subtypes, and that pilocarpine was a partial agonist at the M<sub>3</sub> and M<sub>5</sub> receptors. Carbachol-mediated MAPK activation at these receptor subtypes was pertussis toxin and wortmannin insensitive. By contrast, both agents significantly inhibited carbachol-induced MAPK activation by the M<sub>2</sub> muscarinic receptor subtype. Furthermore, two independent single point mutations in the M<sub>1</sub> receptor attenuated carbachol-induced activation of MAPK. Activation of MAPK at the M<sub>1</sub>, M<sub>3</sub> and M<sub>5</sub> muscarinic receptor subtypes was not dependent on intracellular or extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>, but was partially dependent upon protein kinase C. These data suggest that activation of MAPK by M<sub>1</sub>, M<sub>3</sub> and M<sub>5</sub> muscarinic receptors involves protein kinase C-dependent and independent pathways.