Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The profile of inflammatory cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid around healthy osseointegrated implants.

OBJECTIVE Regardless of gingival health and subgingival microbiology, production of cytokines within peri-implant tissues may be different from that of teeth. The objective of this study was to describe the peri-implant levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subgingival microbiology in clinically healthy sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were obtained from 28 clinically healthy implants and 26 teeth selected from 24 individuals. Microbial composition was determined by selective anaerobic culture techniques. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were quantified by flow cytometry analysis of GCF. The concentration of cytokines between implants and teeth were compared with the independent t-test. RESULTS The concentration of cytokines was higher in GCF from healthy implants than in teeth. The profile of cytokines was characteristic of an innate immune response. A more frequent detection of periodontopathic bacteria was observed in teeth than implants. Cultivable levels of periodontopathic bacteria were similar between implants and teeth. CONCLUSIONS Despite gingival tissue health and scarce plaque accumulation, the profile of inflammatory cytokines in implant crevicular fluid was distinctive of an innate immune response and in higher concentration than in teeth. Other than bacterial stimulus, intrinsic factors related to implants may account for more cytokine production than teeth.
Development of a neurotechnological system for relieving phantom limb pain using transverse intrafascicular electrodes (TIME)

Abstract Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a chronic condition that develops in the majority of amputees. The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood, and thus, no treatment is fully effective. Based on recent studies, we hypothesize that electrical stimulation of afferent nerves might alleviate PLP by giving sensory input to the patient if nerve fibers can be activated selectively. The critical component in this scheme is the implantable electrode structure. We present a review of a novel electrode concept to distribute highly selective electrode contacts over the complete cross section of a peripheral nerve to create a distributed activation of small nerve fiber ensembles at the fascicular level, the transverse intrafascicular multichannel nerve electrode (TIME). The acute and chronic implantations in a small animal model exhibited a good surface and structural biocompatibility as well as excellent selectivity. Implantation studies on large animal models that are closer to human nerve size and anatomical complexity have also been conducted. They proved implant stability and the ability to selectively activate nerve fascicles in a limited proximity to the implant. These encouraging results have opened the way forward for human clinical trials in amputees to investigate the effect of selective electrical stimulation on PLP.
Self-association of human and porcine relaxin as assessed by analytical ultracentrifugation and circular dichroism.

The self-association properties of recombinant DNA derived human relaxin, and porcine relaxin isolated from porcine ovaries, have been studied by sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation and circular dichroism (CD). The human relaxin ultracentrifuge data were adequately defined by a monomer-dimer self-association model with an association constant of approximately 6 x 10(5) M-1, whereas porcine relaxin was essentially monomeric in solution. An approximate 5-fold increase in weight fraction of human relaxin monomer elicited by dilution of the protein resulted in no change in the far-UV CD spectrum at 220 nm. In contrast, after the same increase in weight fraction of monomer, the near-UV circular dichroism spectra for human relaxin exhibited a significant decrease in the amplitude for the CD bands near 277 and 284 nm. These CD bands, which may be assigned to the lone tyrosine in human relaxin, are superimposed on a broad envelope that is probably due to the three disulfide chromophores. Although both the human and porcine proteins contain two tryptophan residues, the near-UV CD spectra exhibit only a broad shoulder near 295 nm rather than the strong CD bands often found for tryptophan. Moreover, there is little change in this broad band after dilution of human relaxin to concentrations that resulted in a 4-fold increase in monomer weight fraction. These data suggest that dissociation of the human relaxin dimer to monomer is not accompanied by large overall changes in secondary structure or alteration in the average tryptophan environment, whereas there is a significant change in the tyrosine environment. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chylothorax after oesophagectomy

Sir I read the recent article by Dr Murray (Br J Sury 1991; 78: 777-81) with great interest but am left with some uncertainty as far as randomization is concerned. We are often told that to randomize by odd and even hospital number is not strictly correct. But hospital numbers are randomly allocated on a ‘first come first served’ basis, and it is also entirely random whether patients with the disease process of interest acquire odd or even numbers. Take as a contrast randomization in blocks, much used by statisticians in large national studies. This is where equal numbers in the groups of interest are distributed between centres to overcome problems from surgeon-related variability or the differences in levels of skill between different centres. Let N be the number of patients in each block and let us consider the comparison of three drugs or surgical procedures, A, B, and C. For simplicity, suppose N = 6 , although of course it is usual for blocks to be somewhat larger than this. Then there is an equal chance that the first draw will be A, B, or C ; but the second and subsequent draws will not be random. If A is drawn first, then at the second draw the probability of drawing the other A will be one in five compared with two in five for either B or C. By the last draw the outcome is completely determined. It can be seen that, far from the possible subtle and, in my view, unbelievable, rationalizations brought to bear against randomization by hospital number, randomization as recommended by statisticians is far from random! Let us even consider the more usual but now less widely used method of employing random numbers to assign decisions on sealed cards. After making a choice by opening the card the only way of strictly maintaining the randomization is to reseal the card and re-enter it into the general pool. In my experience this is never done; the used card is discarded. But this has effects similar to the ones described above on later randomizations: if A is chosen then the subsequent freedom for A to be chosen is restricted by one, such restrictions not being in force for B or C. The effect can be made more obvious if, for example, A is by chance chosen four or five times in a row; the loss of freedom within the remaining cards at the next or subsequent draws is clear. Hospital number, on the other hand, is so simple to use that compelling statistical arguments should be available before we should accept that its use is unacceptable.
Analysis of functional image analysis contest (FIAC) data with brainvoyager QX: From single‐subject to cortically aligned group general linear model analysis and self‐organizing group independent component analysis

The Functional Image Analysis Contest (FIAC) 2005 dataset was analyzed using BrainVoyager QX. First, we performed a standard analysis of the functional and anatomical data that includes preprocessing, spatial normalization into Talairach space, hypothesis‐driven statistics (one‐ and two‐factorial, single‐subject and group‐level random effects, General Linear Model [GLM]) of the block‐ and event‐related paradigms. Strong sentence and weak speaker group‐level effects were detected in temporal and frontal regions. Following this standard analysis, we performed single‐subject and group‐level (Talairach‐based) Independent Component Analysis (ICA) that highlights the presence of functionally connected clusters in temporal and frontal regions for sentence processing, besides revealing other networks related to auditory stimulation or to the default state of the brain. Finally, we applied a high‐resolution cortical alignment method to improve the spatial correspondence across brains and re‐run the random effects group GLM as well as the group‐level ICA in this space. Using spatially and temporally unsmoothed data, this cortex‐based analysis revealed comparable results but with a set of spatially more confined group clusters and more differential group region of interest time courses. Hum. Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystallographic and Solution Studies of an Activation Loop Mutant of the Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

The tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor is subject to autoinhibition in the unphosphorylated basal state via steric interactions involving the activation loop. A mutation in the activation loop designed to relieve autoinhibition, Asp-1161 → Ala, substantially increases the ability of the unphosphorylated kinase to bind ATP. The crystal structure of this mutant in complex with an ATP analog has been determined at 2.4-Å resolution. The structure shows that the active site is unobstructed, but the end of the activation loop is disordered and therefore the binding site for peptide substrates is not fully formed. In addition, Phe-1151 of the protein kinase-conserved DFG motif, at the beginning of the activation loop, hinders closure of the catalytic cleft and proper positioning of α-helix C for catalysis. These results, together with viscometric kinetic measurements, suggest that peptide substrate binding induces a reconfiguration of the unphosphorylated activation loop prior to the catalytic step. The crystallographic and solution studies provide new insights into the mechanism by which the activation loop controls phosphoryl transfer as catalyzed by the insulin receptor.
Involvement of filamentous actin in setting the threshold for degranulation in mast cells

Previous studies using cytochalasins and latrunculin B, inhibitors of actin polymerization, showed that filamentous (F)‐actin had a negative regulatory role in Fcϵ receptor I (FcϵRI) signaling. How F‐actin is involved in regulating the activation of mast cells is unknown. In this study we investigated the role of F‐actin in mast cell activation induced by aggregation of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored proteins Thy‐1 and TEC‐21, and compared it to activation via FcϵRI. Pretreatment of rat basophilic leukemia cells with latrunculin B inhibited the Thy‐1‐induced actin polymerization and elevated the Thy‐1‐mediated secretory and calcium responses. Inhibition of actin polymerization followed by Thy‐1 aggregation resulted in an increased tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk, phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ), Gab2 and linker for activation of T cells (LAT) adapters, and some other signaling molecules. Enzymatic activities of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, PLCγ, and phosphatase SHP‐2 were also up‐regulated, but tyrosine phosphorylation of ezrin was inhibited. Similar changes were observed in FcϵRI‐activated cells. Significant changes in intracellular distribution, tyrosine phosphorylation, and/or enzymatic activities of signaling molecules occurred in latrunculin‐pretreated cells before cell triggering. The combined data suggest that actin polymerization is critical for setting the thresholds for mast cell signaling via aggregation of both FcϵRI and GPI‐anchored proteins.
Coryneform bacteria from plant galls induced by nematodes of the subfamily Anguininae

Summary. New associations are reported of coryneform bacteria with the gall-forming nematodes, Anguina agropyri, Heteroanguina grarninophila, Mesoanguina picridis and Subanguina radicicola. Bacteria isolated were identified as Aureobacteriurn sp. , Curtobacteriurn sp. and Rathayibacter sp. in accordance with the properties of the strains and bacterial classification. Three strains obtained from stem galls of Elytrigia repens and leaf galls of Calamagrostis neglecta could not be assigned to known genera. The taxonomic position of these threestrains has to be determined. Bacteria-nematode associations appear to be more wide-spread among anguinids then has been previously described.
76 T dwarfs from the UKIDSS LAS : benchmarks, kinematics and an updated space density

We report the discovery of 76 new T dwarfs from the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) Large Area Survey (LAS). Near-infrared broad- and narrow-band photometry and spectroscopy are presented for the new objects, along with Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and warm-Spitzer photometry. Proper motions for 128 UKIDSS T dwarfs are presented from a new two epoch LAS proper motion catalogue. We use these motions to identify two new benchmark systems: LHS 6176AB, a T8p+M4 pair and HD 118865AB, a T5.5+F8 pair. Using age constraints from the primaries and evolutionary models to constrain the radii, we have estimated their physical properties from their bolometric luminosity. We compare the colours and properties of known benchmark T dwarfs to the latest model atmospheres and draw two principal conclusions. First, it appears that the H - [4.5] and J - W2 colours are more sensitive to metallicity than has previously been recognized, such that differences in metallicity may dominate over differences in T-eff when considering relative properties of cool objects using these colours. Secondly, the previously noted apparent dominance of young objects in the late-T dwarf sample is no longer apparent when using the new model grids and the expanded sample of late-T dwarfs and benchmarks. This is supported by the apparently similar distribution of late-T dwarfs and earlier type T dwarfs on reduced proper motion diagrams that we present. Finally, we present updated space densities for the late-T dwarfs, and compare our values to simulation predictions and those from WISE.
Structure and genetic variability in Nellore (Bos indicus) cattle by pedigree analysis

Parameters based on the probability of gene origin were used to describe the genetic variability in strains of Nellore and polled Nellore (Bos indicus) cattle that participated in the Program for Genetic Improvement of the Nellore Breed (Programa de Melhoramento Genetico da Raca Nelore). The effective number of founders was 87.2 for Nellore and 107.9 for polled Nellore, while the number of ancestors was 59.8 for Nellore and 61.5 for polled Nellore and the remaining genomes were 39.4 for Nellore and 34.5 for polled Nellore cattle. The results indicate an intense use (by artificial insemination) of some sires and the absence of subdivisions in the population. The family structure in the two breeds was mainly caused by the genetic contribution of the same sires and only mating preferences for descendants of some founders are recorded in either breed. The results suggest that genetic variability needs monitoring in order to avoid the compromise of genetic improvement in economically important traits in the breeding program.
Net lactate uptake during progressive steady-level contractions in canine skeletal muscle.

The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in net lactate uptake (L) by skeletal muscle with a constant elevated blood lactate concentration during steady-level contractions of increasing intensity. The gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle group was isolated in situ in 11 anesthetized dogs. An infusion of lactate/lactic acid at a pH of 3.5-3.7 established a blood lactate concentration of approximately 9 mM while maintaining normal blood gas/pH status. L was measured during three consecutive 30-min periods during which the muscles 1) rested, 2) contracted at 1 Hz, and 3) contracted at 4 Hz. L was always positive, indicating net uptake throughout the lactate/lactic acid infusion. Steady-level O2 uptake averaged 10.9 +/- 2.2 ml.kg-1.min-1 (0.49 +/- 0.10 mmol.kg-1.min-1) at rest, 39.3 +/- 2.1 (1.75 +/- 0.09) at 1 Hz, and 127.8 +/- 9.2 (5.70 +/- 0.41) at 4 Hz. Steady-level L increased with the metabolic rate from 0.113 +/- 0.058 mmol.kg-1.min-1 at rest to 0.329 +/- 0.026 at 1 Hz and 0.715 +/- 0.108 at 4 Hz. The increase in L from rest to 1 Hz was accomplished mainly by an increase in arteriovenous lactate difference, whereas the increase from 1 to 4 Hz was entirely due to a large increase in blood flow. These results support the idea that skeletal muscle is not simply a producer of lactate but can be a significant consumer of lactate even during contractions with a large elevation in metabolic rate.
Knowledge Community - Moving Beyond Conventional Learning Management Systems

In this paper, we present a platform called Knowledge Community (K-Comm) which provides a higher level of engagement for student learning on the web. This platform is a knowledge-based social network which allows users to contribute and seek information. Users can ask questions or answer questions asked by other members. K-Comm also captures user profile, and based on a user’s participation, identifies his/her area of interest and expertise. The platform is built around the philosophy that each individual is an expert in their own area and has the potential to share and contribute. K-Comm is driven by community effort and being a social network, students are more willing to participate; but unlike other social networks, K-Comm does not distract, instead, it encourages knowledge sharing and contribution.
Gender difference in allergic airway remodelling and immunoglobulin production in mouse model of asthma

Epidemiological studies have shown that the prevalence of adult asthma and severe asthma is higher in women. It has also been reported that female mice are more susceptible than males to the development of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The influence of gender difference in the pathogenesis of severe asthma, especially airway remodelling in an animal model, has been studied rarely. We investigated gender difference in the development of airway remodelling using a long‐term antigen‐challenged mouse asthma model.
Reduction of Stratospheric Ozone by Nitrogen Oxide Catalysts from Supersonic Transport Exhaust

Although a great deal of attention has been given to the role of water vapor from supersonic transport (SST) exhaust in the stratosphere, oxides of nitrogen from SST exhaust pose a much greater threat to the ozone shield than does an increase in water. The projected increase in stratospheric oxides of nitrogen could reduce the ozone shield by about a factor of 2, thus permitting the harsh radiation below 300 nanometers to permeate the lower atmosphere.
Congenital infections with Trypanosoma cruzi or Toxoplasma gondii are associated with decreased serum concentrations of interferon-c and interleukin-18 but increased concentrations of interleukin-10

Abstract Little is known about the immune responses of newborns with congenital Chagas disease (CCD) or congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) but they probably differ to those seen in adults with Chagas disease or toxoplasmosis, leading to differences in pathology. The concentrations of interleukin-18 (IL-18), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the sera of infants with CCD or CT were determined and compared with those in the sera of uninfected controls (born to mothers who were seropositive or seronegative for Trypanosoma cruzi). The infants with CCD or CT were found to have lower IL-18 and IFN-γ concentrations but higher IL-10 concentrations than the uninfected controls. The IL-18 and IFN-γ concentrations were also significantly lower in the infants with CCD than in those with CT. Although the infants with symptomatic CT had significantly higher serum concentrations of IL-18 than those with asymptomatic infection with Toxoplasma, the infants with symptomatic CCD had similar serum concentrations of IL-18 to the infants with asymptomatic Tr. cruzi infection. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-10 contributes to the suppression of pro-inflammatory immune responses and therefore, perhaps, to clinically overt CCD and CT.
Mathematical Modeling of Electrostatic MEMS with Tailored Dielectric Properties

The "pull-in" or "snap-down" instability in electrostatically actuated microelec- tromechanical systems (MEMS) presents a ubiquitous challenge in MEMS technology of great im- portance. In this instability, when applied voltages are increased beyond a critical value, there is no longer a steady-state configuration of the device where mechanical members remain separate. This severely restricts the range of stable operation of many devices. In an attempt to reduce the effects of this instability, researchers have suggested spatially tailoring the dielectric properties of MEMS devices. Here, a mathematical model of an idealized electrostatically actuated MEMS device is constructed and analyzed for the purpose of investigating this possibility. The pull-in instability is characterized in terms of the bifurcation diagram for the mathematical model. Variations in this bifurcation diagram for various dielectric profiles are studied, yielding insight into how this technique may be used to increase the stable range of operation of electrostatically actuated MEMS devices.
Membrane currents elicited by angiotensin II in astrocytes from the rat corpus callosum

The corpus callosum (CC) is the main white matter tract in the brain. It consists primarily of axons and glial cells. In the present work, membrane currents generated by angiotensin II (Ang II) in cultured astrocytes from the CC of newborn and 3‐week‐old rats were studied using the whole‐cell voltage‐clamp technique. After 4 days of culture, ∼90% of cells were positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), indicating their astrocyte lineage. Ang II elicited inward currents in ∼20% of cells and outward currents in ∼4% of cells from the CC for newborn or 3‐week‐old rats. The main effect of Ang II on astrocytes from the newborn rat CC was a reduction of membrane conductance, by blocking of delayed rectifier K+ currents in 96% of cells. However, no common action of Ang II was observed in cells from 3‐week‐old rat CC because the responses were quite variable, suggesting the participation of other ion currents. The partial agonist of AT2 receptors, CGP‐42112A, exerted effects on Ang II responses, whereas the AT1 antagonist ZD7155 did not, suggesting that Ang II responses in CC astrocytes are predominantly mediated by activation of AT2 receptors. This study is the first to show electrical responses generated by AT2 receptors in glial cells from the rat central nervous system, and may help gain a better understanding of the functions of Ang II receptors in astrocytes from the rat CC in particular and of glial cells in general. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.