Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gait analysis using Gravity-Center Fluctuation of the sole at walking based on Self-Organizing Map

It is important to evaluate the condition of a walk in rehabilitation. In this paper, we focus on Gravity-Center Fluctuation (GCF) of the sole, and analyze the gait motion using Self-Organizing Map (SOM). First, it is clear that the shape of the GCF that is obtained by developed measurement system includes the feature of the gait motion. Secondly, the relation between the shape of GCF and the gait motion is considered by the SOM. Next, we described that the stride width and the walking velocity are predicted. Finally, it is investigated that the position where new test data is arranged on the map is according to prediction. As a consequence, it is shown that the gait motion is able to be analyzed and estimated by the method based on the SOM.
Lubricin is a product of megakaryocyte stimulating factor gene expression by human synovial fibroblasts.

OBJECTIVE The boundary lubricating ability of human synovial fluid has been attributed to lubricin, a mucinous glycoprotein. We investigated the primary structure of lubricin and its cellular origin. METHODS Lubricin was purified from pooled synovial fluid aliquots with normal lubricating activity obtained from patients with osteoarthritis. Lubricating ability of lubricin was assayed in a friction apparatus that oscillates natural latex against a ring of polished glass. Native and lubricin deglycosylated with O-glycosidase DS and NANase III were trypsinized and sequenced by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Sequence results were compared to known structures in GenBank. Sequence data from strong matches were used in creating cDNA primers for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with RNA from human synovial fibroblasts obtained intraoperatively. RESULTS Purified lubricin possesses an apparent molecular weight of 280 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Deglycosylation decreased the apparent molecular weight on SDS-PAGE to 120 kDa. Sequences specific for megakaryocyte stimulating factor precursor (MSF) were identified in GenBank. A 100% match was observed for exons 6 though 9 of MSF. Lubricin/MSF reduced the coefficient of friction (m) in the latex:glass bearing from 0.131 to 0.047. MSF is 1404 amino acids in size with multiple functional domains similar to vitronectin. The reported structure of MSF contains a centrally located mucin (exon 6) with 76 repeats of the degenerate motif of KEPAPTT, the presumed site of extensive O-linked glycosylation. RT-PCR with primers complementary for Pro214- Ala307 in exon 6 and RNA from human synovial fibroblasts produced the predicted product size of 280 bp. CONCLUSION Lubricin is secreted by synovial fibroblasts via expression of the MSF gene. Lubricin is constructed of MSF exons 6 through 9 but the presence of other exons cannot be excluded. Lubricin/MSF is the only lubricating component in the final lubricating fraction of human synovial fluid.
Exploring the Role of Children’s Dreams in Psychoanalytic Practice Today

AIM The aim of this research study was to investigate the role of children's dreams in the practice of child psychoanalysis today, and to explore contemporary psychoanalytic understanding of children's dreams. METHODOLOGY This pilot study consisted of two stages. The first involved a document analysis of published articles in The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, making a comparison between those of the early 1950s and the 1990s, in order to see in what way the discourse around children's dreams within the psychoanalytic literature has changed over time. The second stage, based on questionnaires and in-depth interviews, attempted to understand in more detail the way contemporary child analysts, working in the Anna Freudian tradition, think about dreams and use them in their clinical practice. RESULTS Results suggest that there has been a decreased focus on dreams in a clinical context over time, and that this may partly be a consequence of changing theoretical models and changes in training. When work with dreams does take place, it appears that child analysts have
Dialogue Act Recognition via CRF-Attentive Structured Network

Dialogue Act Recognition (DAR) is a challenging problem in dialogue interpretation, which aims to associate semantic labels to utterances and characterize the speaker's intention. Currently, many existing approaches formulate the DAR problem ranging from multi-classification to structured prediction, which suffer from handcrafted feature extensions and attentive contextual dependencies. In this paper, we tackle the problem of DAR from the viewpoint of extending richer Conditional Random Field (CRF) structured dependencies without abandoning end-to-end training. We incorporate hierarchical semantic inference with memory mechanism on the utterance modeling at multiple levels. We then utilize the structured attention network on the linear-chain CRF to dynamically separate the utterances into cliques. The extensive experiments on two primary benchmark datasets Switchboard Dialogue Act (SWDA) and Meeting Recorder Dialogue Act (MRDA) datasets show that our method achieves better performance than other state-of-the-art solutions to the problem.
The Reformation of the Landscape: Religion, Identity, and Memory in Early Modern Britain and Ireland

Introduction 1. Loca Sacra: Religion and the Landscape before the Reformation 2. Idols in the Landscape: The Impact of Protestant Reform 3. Britannia Sancta: Catholicism, Counter Reformation and the Landscape 4. The Religious Regeneration of the Landscape: Ritual, Rehabilitation and Renewal 5. God's Great Book in Folio: Providence, Science and the Natural Environment 6. Therapeutic Waters: Religion, Medicine and the Landscape 7. Invented Traditions: Legend, Custom, and Memory Conclusion Bibliography of Primary Sources
Hormonal contraceptive use and risk of HIV-1 disease progression

Background:For HIV-1-infected women, hormonal contraception prevents unintended pregnancy, excess maternal morbidity, and vertical HIV-1 transmission. Hormonal contraceptives are widely used but their effects on HIV-1 disease progression are unclear. Methods:In a prospective study among 2269 chronically HIV-1-infected women from seven countries in eastern and southern Africa and with enrollment CD4 cell counts at least 250 cells/&mgr;l, we compared rates of HIV-1 disease progression among those using and not using hormonal contraception (i.e. oral or injectable methods). The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of CD4 decline to less than 200 cells/&mgr;l, initiation of antiretroviral therapy, or death. Results:Three hundred and seventy-two women experienced HIV-1 disease progression during 3242 years of follow-up (incidence rate = 11.5 events per 100 person-years). Rates of HIV-1 disease progression among women who were currently using and not using hormonal contraception were 8.54 and 12.31 per 100 person-years, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.56–0.98, P = 0.04). Rates were 8.58 and 8.39 per 100 person-years for the subsets using injectable and oral contraception (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.72, P = 0.04 for injectable users and adjusted hazard ratio = 0.83, P = 0.5 for oral users compared to women not using hormonal contraception). Sensitivity analyses assessing enrollment or cumulative contraceptive use during the study demonstrated risk estimates closer to 1.0 with no evidence for accelerated disease progression. Conclusion:Among African women with chronic HIV-1 infection, use of hormonal contraception was not associated with deleterious consequences for HIV-1 disease progression.
HIGHLIGHTED TOPIC Regulation of Protein Metabolism in Exercise and Recovery Maximal lengthening contractions induce different signaling responses in the type I and type II fibers of human skeletal muscle

Tannerstedt J, Apró W, Blomstrand E. Maximal lengthening contractions induce different signaling responses in the type I and type II fibers of human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 106: 1412–1418, 2009. First published December 26, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91243. 2008. — The molecular mechanisms by which resistance exercise enlarges muscle mass, particularly the mass of fast-twitch type II fibers, are likely to involve enhanced phosphorylation/activation of key enzymes regulating protein synthesis. The hypothesis is that resistance exercise influences the phosphorylation of such key signaling proteins to a greater extent in type II than in type I fibers. Six recreationally active male subjects performed four sets of six maximal lengthening contractions with one leg. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and immediately after exercise and following 1 and 2 h of recovery. Samples were freeze-dried, and individual muscle fibers were dissected out and identified as type I or type II after staining for myosin ATPase. Phosphorylation of p70 on Thr and S6 in type II fibers was increased three-to fourfold and sixto ninefold (P 0.05), respectively, 1 and 2 h after exercise, whereas phosphorylation in type I fibers remained unchanged. Phosphorylation of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was unaltered in both fiber types, whereas that of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) was attenuated 20–45% (P 0.05) in type II fibers during recovery. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was elevated sixto sevenfold (P 0.05) immediately after exercise, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation was increased threeto fourfold (P 0.05) for as long as 1 h after exercise in both types of fibers, although the level was markedly higher in type II fibers (P 0.05). In conclusion, the elevation of p70 and the reduction of eEF2 phosphorylation in the type II fibers following resistance exercise suggest stimulation of protein synthesis, which may contribute to a more pronounced enlargement of these fibers. Our findings also suggest that p70 is activated, at least in part, via pathways not involving Akt-mTOR and MAPK.
Demonstration of Wafer Scale Fabrication of 3-D Stacked Transmitter and Receiver Modules for Optical Interconnects

Optical interconnects can offer small footprint, high bandwidth density and high data rates compared with electrical wires. In this paper, we demonstrate how we use lithographic processes to stack and interconnect opto-electronic ICs on top of their electronic counter-parts with metallic interconnects spanning more than 200 μm height difference. This process is demonstrated for a partial wafer including first demonstration of using the same process for the creation of micro lenses on top of optical emitters. We further report on testing of the fabricated 3-D stacked transmitter and receiver ICs and show open eye-patterns for transmitter and receiver ICs as well as high uniformity and no sensitivity penalty for the transmitter ICs when compared to a commercial device. Finally we use thermal simulation to show that with proper heat sinking of the CMOS IC the opto-electronic ICs will operate at a reasonable 40°C which is well within their operation margin.
Contextual Recommendation of Relevant Program Elements in an Interactive Feature Location Process

When performing feature location tasks, developers often need to explore a large number of program elements by following a variety of clues (such as program element location, dependency, and content). As there are often complex relationships among program elements, it is likely that some relevant program elements are omitted, especially when the implementations for a feature or concern scatter across several source files. In this paper, we propose an approach for recommending potentially relevant program elements in an interactive feature location process. The two characteristics of our approach are: considering ongoing user context (i.e., confirmed or negated elements) in an interactive manner; performing an example-based reasoning to determine relevance of program elements. Based on an initial set of program elements confirmed by developers, our approach recommends additional program elements in an iterative process, in which developers can confirm relevant results, negate irrelevant results, and obtain an updated recommendation list. We have implemented our approach as an Eclipse plug-in called RecFL and conducted an experimental study. The results show that the participants using RecFL achieved a much better performance in their feature location tasks than the participants not using RecFL. The participants using RecFL also felt it easier to accomplish their feature location tasks with the support of RecFL.
NADPH oxidase-mediated triggering of inflammasome activation in mouse podocytes and glomeruli during hyperhomocysteinemia.

AIM Our previous studies have shown that NOD-like receptor protein (NALP3) inflammasome activation is importantly involved in podocyte dysfunction and glomerular sclerosis induced by hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcys). The present study was designed to test whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-mediated redox signaling contributes to homocysteine (Hcys)-induced activation of NALP3 inflammasomes, an intracellular inflammatory machinery in podocytes in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In vitro confocal microscopy and size-exclusion chromatography revealed that upon NADPH oxidase inhibition by gp91(phox) siRNA, gp91ds-tat peptide, diphenyleneiodonium, or apocynin, aggregation of inflammasome proteins NALP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and caspase-1 was significantly attenuated in mouse podocytes. This NADPH oxidase inhibition also resulted in diminished Hcys-induced inflammasome activation, evidenced by reduced caspase-1 activity and interleukin-1β production. Similar findings were observed in vivo where gp91(phox-/-) mice and mice receiving a gp91ds-tat treatment exhibited markedly reduced inflammasome formation and activation. Further, in vivo NADPH oxidase inhibition protected the glomeruli and podocytes from hHcys-induced injury as shown by attenuated proteinuria, albuminuria, and glomerular sclerotic changes. This might be attributed to the fact that gp91(phox-/-) and gp91ds-tat-treated mice had abolished infiltration of macrophages and T-cells into the glomeruli during hHcys. INNOVATION Our study for the first time links NADPH oxidase to the formation and activation of NALP3 inflammasomes in podocytes. CONCLUSION Hcys-induced NADPH oxidase activation is importantly involved in the switching on of NALP3 inflammasomes within podocytes, which leads to the downstream recruitment of immune cells, ultimately resulting in glomerular injury and sclerosis.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION Value-Based Assessment of New Medical Technologies : Towards a Robust Methodological Framework for the Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis in the Context of Health Technology Assessment

In recent years, multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) has emerged as a likely alternative to address shortcomings in health technology assessment (HTA) by offering a more holistic perspective to value assessment and acting as an alternative priority setting tool. In this paper, we argue that MCDA needs to subscribe to robust methodological processes related to the selection of objectives, criteria and attributes in order to be meaningful in the context of healthcare decision making and fulfil its role in value-based assessment (VBA). We propose a methodological process, based on multi-attribute value theory (MAVT) methods comprising five distinct phases, outline the stages involved in each phase and discuss their relevance in the HTA process. Importantly, criteria and attributes need to satisfy a set of desired properties, otherwise the outcome of the analysis can produce spurious results and misleading recommendations. Assuming the methodological process we propose is adhered to, the application of MCDA presents three very distinct advantages to decision makers in the context of HTA and VBA: first, it acts as an instrument for eliciting preferences on the performance of alternative options across a wider set of explicit criteria, leading to a more complete assessment of value; second, it allows the elicitation of preferences across the criteria themselves to reflect differences in their relative importance; and, third, the entire process of preference elicitation can be informed by direct stakeholder engagement, and can therefore reflect their own preferences. All features are fully transparent and facilitate decision making. Key Points for Decision Makers Multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) has emerged as a likely alternative approach to economic evaluation in the context of health technology assessment (HTA). However, there is no sufficient methodological guidance on how to design, conduct and implement MCDA as part of HTA, including how to select criteria appropriately. An MCDA-based methodological framework in the context of HTA could be divided into the phases of problem structuring, model building, model assessment, model appraisal, and action plans. For the analysis to be robust and for decision recommendations to be ultimately meaningful, criteria and attributes should adhere to a number of properties. The resulting MCDA index score could act as a more encompassing measure of value given that multiple benefit dimensions are incorporated. Consideration of purchasing costs could be used to derive the different options’ incremental cost value ratio (ICVR) and contribute to priority setting and resource allocation.
Patient-centered mental health care for female veterans.

OBJECTIVE Mental health services for women vary widely across the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system, without consensus on the need for, or organization of, specialized services for women. Understanding women's needs and priorities is essential to guide the implementation of patient-centered behavioral health services. METHODS In a cross-sectional, multisite survey of female veterans using primary care, potential stakeholders were identified for VHA mental health services by assessing perceived or observed need for mental health services. These stakeholders (N=484) ranked priorities for mental health care among a wide range of possible services. The investigators then quantified the importance of having designated women's mental health services for each of the mental health services that emerged as key priorities. RESULTS Treatment for depression, pain management, coping with chronic general medical conditions, sleep problems, weight management, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) emerged as women's key priorities. Having mental health services specialized for women was rated as extremely important to substantial proportions of women for each of the six prioritized services. Preference for primary care colocation was strongly associated with higher importance ratings for designated women's mental health services. For specific types of services, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, PTSD symptoms, and psychiatric comorbidity were also associated with higher importance ratings for designated women's services. CONCLUSIONS Female veterans are a diverse population whose needs and preferences for mental health services vary along demographic and clinical factors. These stakeholder perspectives can help prioritize structural and clinical aspects of designated women's mental health care in the VHA.
Unilateral Degloving Injury and Partial Fracture of the Arytenoid Cartilage

Unilateral Degloving Injury and Partial Fracture of the Arytenoid Cartilage Otolaryngology– Head and Neck Surgery 2014, Vol. 150(4) 707–708 American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation 2014 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0194599814520688 http://otojournal.org Hirotaka Hara, MD, PhD, Kazuma Sugahara, MD, PhD, and Hiroshi Yamashita, MD, PhD
Stereotactic radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations after Onyx embolization: a case-control study.

OBJECT Onyx, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer mixed in a dimethyl sulfoxide solvent, is currently one of the most widely used liquid materials for embolization of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The goal of this study was to define the risks and benefits of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients who have previously undergone partial AVM embolization with Onyx. METHODS Among a consecutive series of 199 patients who underwent SRS between January 2007 and December 2012 at the University of Virginia, 25 patients had Onyx embolization prior to SRS (the embolization group). To analyze the obliteration rates and complications, 50 patients who underwent SRS without prior embolization (the no-embolization group) were matched by propensity score method. The matched variables included age, sex, nidus volume before SRS, margin dose, Spetzler-Martin grade, Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale score, and median imaging follow-up period. RESULTS After Onyx embolization, 18 AVMs were reduced in size. Total obliteration was achieved in 6 cases (24%) at a median of 27.5 months after SRS. In the no-embolization group, total obliteration was achieved in 20 patients (40%) at a median of 22.4 months after SRS. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated obliteration rates of 17.7% and 34.1% in the embolization group at 2 and 4 years, respectively. In the no-embolization group, the corresponding obliteration rates were 27.0% and 55.9%. The between-groups difference in obliteration rates after SRS did not achieve statistical significance. The difference in complications, including adverse radiation effects, hemorrhage episodes, seizure control, and patient mortality also did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Onyx embolization can effectively reduce the size of many AVMs. This case-control study did not show any statistically significant difference in the rates of embolization or complications after SRS in patients who had previously undergone Onyx embolization and those who had not.
Clinical Epidemiology of Major Nontraditional Risk Factors in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

♦ Background End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a situation with a cardiovascular (CV) risk profile of almost unique severity. While traditional risk factors dominate the scene in the general population, in chronic kidney disease (CKD), nontraditional risk factors play an increasingly important role, being perhaps dominant in ESRD patients. ♦ Objective We review the role inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP)], hyperhomocysteinemia, high plasma norepinephrine, and accumulation of the endogenous inhibitor of the nitric oxide synthase asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in the high all-cause and CV mortality of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). ♦ Results The association between CRP and clinical outcomes in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) was examined in six studies totaling 692 subjects. The largest of these studies in Caucasians indicates that the independent risk of CV events in patients in the top CRP quartile is about five times higher than in the bottom quartile. Seven prospective studies, including over 1000 hemodialysis and 176 CAPD patients, reported both positive and negative associations between homocysteine and mortality and/or CV events. Because homocysteine circulates bound to albumin, negative associations — rather than negating the vasculotoxicity of homocysteine — most likely reflect the very deleterious effects of malnutrition. Plasma norepinephrine is higher in CAPD than in hemodialysis patients, and multivariate analyses suggest the difference quantitatively entails a 16% higher risk of incident CV events. Likewise, ADMA is more elevated in CAPD patients and such an elevation corresponds to a 15% increase in risk. ♦ Conclusion Nontraditional risk factors are far more prevalent in ESRD patients than in the general population. ADMA and norepinephrine may play a greater role in CV risk in CAPD than in hemodialysis patients.