Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender and innovation – an introduction

Innovation has become a buzzword in policy and industry as well as scientific discourses, seen as an important element in economic development, and for solving global challenges such as financial crisis, environmental strain, diseases and poverty. Innovation is put forward as a main factor to enhance economic growth in industries, regions and nations (Lundvall, 1992; Malecki, 2002; Malerba, 2002; Verspagen, 2005), and is also suggested to be important at the firm level to recreate and maintain competitive advantage over time. The early scholarly work on innovation includes the influential analysis of Schumpeter (1934), who looked at major innovations as driving economic development. Building on his work, innovation is still often defined as new combinations of production factors in the form of production of new goods or services, introduction of new production processes, the opening of new markets to new sources of raw materials and intermediates, and re-organization of an industry. Contemporary research on innovation is broad in scope and perspectives, including innovation processes within firms, as well as in local, regional or national innovation systems of firms, institutions and governmental bodies (Fagerberg, 2005). Recently, there has been a growing interest in social innovations and innovations taking place in the public sector. The gender issues of innovation are seldom discussed. One main reason for this deficit is that innovation research seems to lack analyses of where innovation takes place and, particularly, of who participates in innovation (Fagerberg et al., 2005). There seems to be an undercommunication of the role of the innovator in innovation literature (Brännback et al., 2012). The lack of focus on individuals as actors tends to make gender invisible (Alsos et al., 2013). However, there are of course individuals within the processes, the organizations and the systems frequently discussed in innovation literature – the question is rather to illuminate the impact of gender by including it in the analyses (Thorslund and Göransson, 2006).
Morphometric and meristic analyses of horse mackerel, Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) populations along the Indian coast

Populations of Megalaspis cordyla (horse mackerel) from four areas, two each from the east (Digha and Mandapam regions in the Bay of Bengal) and west (Cochin and Mumbai regions of the Arabian Sea) coasts of the Indian peninsula were studied based on conventional morphometry and meristics. Digital photographs of individual fishes were taken to extract 20 morphometric variables. Nine meristic characters were also counted. The analysis of variance of five morphometric traits showed significant difference between the fish samples of east and west coasts and those traits were eye diameter, prepelvic length, preanal length, anal fin length and caudal peduncle depth. The four traits that revealed location-wise variations were head length, preorbital length, second dorsal fin length and anal fin length. The chi-square test of meristic traits showed significant variation between the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea populations and also between the Mandapam and Digha populations. The morphometric and meristic study clearly revealed variations in morphometric traits of fishes from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, which are definitely sufficient to separate these populations.
BOGGLE Your Brain: An Online Forum for Obstetrics and Gynaecology Graduate Medical Education in a Tertiary Maternity Hospital

Social media platforms are increasingly used in Medical Education to facilitate collaboration, interaction and discussion. In the area of graduate medical education (GME), platforms such as Twitter, Podcasts, blogs, You-tube, Skype and Wikis’ have been utilised. Outcomes relating to knowledge acquisition, professionalism and the effect of social media profiles on recruitment have been reported (Sterling et al., 2017). In this paper we describe the use of Yammer (Microsoft) to host an online forum for trainees in Obstetrics and Gynaecology to facilitate the delivery of their educational program at a tertiary teaching hospital.
Research Development of Endophytic Fungus and Defence Response Mechanism of Plant

th , 2012; revised: Oct. 22 nd , 2012; accepted: Nov. 13 th , 2012 Abstract: Plants endogenous fungi can be through diversified path to enhance plant nutrition physiological and defence functions. definition, classification of endogenous fungi and regulation relationship of endoge- nous fungi and plant defense control expounded in this paper, focus analysis for endogenous fungi important functional and characteristics of the induced defense enzymes, promote plant secondary metabolic product synthetic and enhance resist adversity, at the same time, those endogenous fungi induced plant intimate hor- mone synthesize, defense gene expression and mechanisms of signal transmission channels of defense were explore. This has clearly defined reciprocity relations of endogenous fungi and plant defense. And application prospects of endogenous fungi in agricultural production and scientific research mission in the future were advance, in order to further reveal pant defence mechanisms and improve the plants resistant to provide im- portant reference information.
Goniopolarimetric study of the revolution 29 perikrone using the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument high‐frequency radio receiver

[1] We present goniopolarimetric (also known as direction finding) results of the Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR), using the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument high-frequency radio receiver data. Tools to retrieve the characteristics of the SKR sources have been developed that allow us to measure their 3-D location and beaming angle relative to the magnetic field in the source and, thus, to deduce the location of the footprints of the active magnetic field lines. We present results from these analyses on SKR observed during the revolution 29 perikrone (25–26 September 2006) with a relatively high orbital inclination. These results provide for the first time the observed beaming angle, the invariant latitude, and the local time of the SKR sources. We provide evidence that the SKR is mainly emitted in the right-hand extraordinary (R-X) mode and marginally in the left-hand ordinary (L-O) mode. We observe the footprint of the active magnetic field lines in the ∼70° to ∼80° northern and southern latitudinal range and in the 0400 to 1600 local time range. The northern sources are observed at slightly higher latitude than southern sources. The location matches that of the UV and IR aurorae. Duskside and nightside sources are also detected.
Will unit pricing reduce domestic waste? Lessons from a contingent valuation study

This paper estimates the effect of introducing unit pricing for municipal domestic waste collection and disposal in Christchurch. The price effect is shown in a demand model estimation using data collected in a contingent valuation survey of Christchurch households conducted in 2003. The results show a small but significant price effect. Households on higher incomes exhibit a larger price effect than do those on low incomes. Private service is indicated as the most preferred option for substituting away from municipal service, followed closely by composting, compaction, and recycling. The number of households participating in substitute activities that divert waste from landfill is shown to increase.
Modelling the Effects of Corporate Taxation in the Underground Economy

This paper develops a two-sector search model of the labour market in which firms in one sector (the informal sector) evade profit taxes (underground economy). A comparative static analysis is employed to analyze the impact of corporate taxation on unemployment, occupational choice of individuals, mix of jobs, welfare of agents and the size of informal sector. The findings suggest that profit, firing and payroll taxation have the same effects on the above economic variables. However, if a certain condition does not hold, then the number of individuals searching for jobs only in the informal sector decreases with profit taxes. The above result implies that the adoption of active labour market policies, which accelerate the matching process between employers and employees, will mitigate the positive (negative) impact of taxation on the size of underground economy (wages).
Potential role of cofactor of BRCA1 in hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis

v List of Abbreviations . viii List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xii Chapter (1): Literature review . 1 1.1 Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) . 1 1.1.1 HCC Epidemiology: Incidence and Prevalence . 1 1.1.2 Risk Factors and Prevention . 1 1.1.3 Diagnosis. 2 1.1. 4 Staging Systems in HCC . 3 1.1. 5 HCC Treatment . 4 1.1. 6 HCC Molecular Pathogenesis . 5 1.2 Cofactor of BRCA1 (COBRA1) . 6 1.2.1 Negative Elongation Factor (NELF) Complex . 7 1.2.2 Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) complex . 9 1.2.3 Trefoil Factor 1 (TFF1) . 10 1.3 Cell Culture . 11 Study Objectives and Experimental Design . 12 Chapter (2): Materials and Methods . 14 2.1 Cell culture . 14 2.2 RNA extraction, quantification and cDNA synthesis . 16 2.3 RT-PCR . 16 2.4 Protein extraction and quantification . 17 2.5 Western blotting . 17 2.6 Statistical analysis . 18 Chapter (3): Results . 20 3.1 The morphology of studied cell lines . 20 3.2 Molecular analysis results . 21
Influence of Synoptic Pattern and Low‐Level Wind Speed on Intensity and Diurnal Variations of Orographic Convection in Summer Over Pearl River Delta, South China

Based on 5 years of operational Doppler radar data, the influences of atmospheric synoptic patterns and low‐level prevailing wind speed on the intensity and diurnal variations of summer orographic convection occurrence frequencies over Pearl River Delta, South China, have been investigated. Results show that the inland orographic convection and rainfall generally occurs under synoptic pattern characterized with the prevailing southwesterly wind within the lower troposphere. The summer orographic convection over the mountains in northeastern Pearl River Delta is not only controlled by the orographic thermal conditions but also the dynamic forcing with the increase of wind speed. Owing to the strong windward mechanical lifting and moisture transport associated with the strong ambient onshore winds, the number of convection occurrences characterized by a dominant diurnal afternoon peak occurs much more frequently in the high‐wind speed days. While due to the weak orographic mechanical lifting and moisture supply in the low‐wind speed days, the number of convection occurrences in the afternoon decreases considerably and two comparable peaks occur in the afternoon and early morning. The nighttime peak in the low‐wind speed days is mainly attributed to the nocturnal acceleration of the low‐level southwesterly wind associated with the inertial oscillation and the corresponded enhanced windward lifting effects.
Comment on: "Centralized Bargaining and Reorganized Work: Are they Compatible?"

Assar Lindbeck and Denis Snower investigate the effects of multitasking and teamwork on the viability of centralised bargaining. They emphasize that workers likely have private information concerning their task mix when multitasking plays a significant role in the production process. They try to show in a formal model that only a complex remuneration scheme provides incentives for workers to choose an optimal task mix and suggest that centralized wage setting cannot tackle this complexity. We show that their remuneraton scheme is either not necessary to solve the considered information problem or not implementable.
THE FLAGELLATION AND TAXONOMY OF GENERA GLUCONOBACTER AND ACETOBACTER WITH REFERENCE TO THE EXISTENCE OF INTERMEDIATE STRAINS

Fifty strains of acetic acid bacteria including closely related strains were taxonomically studied.Except for five brown pigment-producing strains, they were appropriately divided into two separate genera Gluconobacter and Acetobacter mainly in accordance with the flagellation and the oxidative behavior towards acetate and lactate. Thus the differentiation of acetic acid bacteria into two separate genera Gluconobacter and Acetobacter which was firstly proposed by ASAI was again verified. Species characterization within each genus of acetic acid bacteria was discussed and considered to be unreliable.An amendment was added to the previous publication concerning the flagellation of brown pigment-producing three strains, i, e. , G. liquefaeiens G-1 (IAM 1834), G. melanogenus AC-8 (IAM 1835) and G. melanogenus U-4 (IAM 1836). They were confirmed to be peritrichous, not polar, and therefore were excluded from genus Gluconobacter.A remarkable mutation transforming from non-acetate oxidizing strain into acetate oxidizing one during the long periods of preservation in the laboratory was presented in the case with G. liquefaciens G-1 (IAM 1834). A new finding concerning the existence of polarly flagellated, . acetate-and lactate-oxidizing brown pigment-producing strains was also presented. Accordingly we have at present two different types of brown pigment-producing and acetate- and lactate-oxidizing strains besides G. melanogenus (Beijerinck) Asai (Syn. A, melanogenus Beijerinck); one is characterized by peritrichous flagellation and the other is characterized by polar flagellation.The generic situation of those organisms was discussed and was decided temporarily as "intermediate" strains neither assignable to genus Gluconobacter nor to genus Acetobacter.Phylogenetic relationship of genera Gluconobacter and Acetobacter with reference to the "intermediate" strains was also discussed.
Hospital resilience to natural hazards: classification and performance of utilities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to: explore major and potential challenges facing healthcare facilities operation specifically those related to utility supplies; and quantify the impact of utility supplies interruption on the operation of healthcare facilities through the development of an estimation model. Design/methodology/approach – A pluralistic qualitative and quantitative research approach benefiting from an online computer program that applies the discriminant function analysis approach. Information was collected from 66 hospitals following three major earthquakes that struck northeast Japan in 2003. Findings – Analysis demonstrated that healthcare utilities face three major challenges: vulnerability of infrastructure to natural hazards; low performance of alternative sources; and lack of consideration of healthcare utility supplies in resilience codes and legislations. The study also proposed a method to estimate the impact of utility interruption of healthcare facilities. A model has been.
Business Environment in South Asia: Foreign-Owned Firms’ Perspectives

This paper studies the foreign-owned firms’ (hereinafter, FOFs) perspectives about selected indicators of business environment in four South Asian countries - Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. For the last few decades, these countries have eagerly sought to increase the inflow of foreign capital. Using the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey 2017 data, this study identifies political instability, poor infrastructure, and pervasive corruption as the three biggest obstacles that FOFs face in their business operations in these countries. The other obstacles include inadequately educated workforce, customs and trade regulations, crime, theft and disorder, tax administration, business licensing and permits, and access to finance. This study also finds that since 2007 the business environment for FOFs has improved remarkably in Bangladesh, improved slightly in India, improved modestly in Sri Lanka, but worsened noticeably in Pakistan. This study adds to our knowledge of factors that affect the dynamics of foreign capital inflow, which should be helpful in devising strategies to attract more foreign capital to developing countries.
Comparative study between proximal femoral nail and proximal femoral nail antirotation in management of unstable trochanteric fractures

Background: In the management of peri-trochanteric fractures, intramedullary (IM) devices have proven advantage over extramedullary devices. IM devices allow for stable anatomical fixation of more comminuted fractures without shortening the abductor lever arm or changing the proximal femoral anatomy. Between IM devices like proximal femoral nail (PFN) and proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA), the helical blade of latter is believed to provide stability, compression and rotational control of the fracture with higher cut out strength. The following study was undertaken in an attempt to compare these two types of Intra-medullary devices . Methods: Between January 2012 and June 2013, 50 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria, were randomized into 2 groups to undergo CRIF with either standard PFN (n=25) or PFNA (n=25). They were compared in terms of demography, per-operative variables and postoperative parameters including functional evaluation till 1year postoperatively. Results: Background demographic variables, fracture type and pre-injury ambulatory status were comparable between the groups. Operative duration of surgery, amount of blood loss and number of fluoroscopic images were significantly lower in PFNA group as compared to PFN group. Post op complications like infection, non-union, cut out/z-effect, loss of reduction, re-operation and mortality rates didn’t differ significantly between the groups. Post op functional recovery as evaluated by pain, use of walking aids and Harris hip scores were similar in both groups . Conclusions: PFNA significantly reduces the operative time, amount of blood loss and fluoroscopic imaging as compared to PFN. However PFNA offers no significant benefits over PFN in terms of post-operative functional recovery or complications .
Wave processes in determining mechanical characteristics of soils

Mechanical characteristics of soils under dynamic and static loads are determined in laboratory conditions on special devices. Dynamic loads in the devices are initiated by an impact on a soil sample. Under the impact the waves are initiated in soil; they significantly affect the stress-strain state of soil samples placed in the device. Depending on the parameters of the impact load in the device, in different sections of soil sample there arise the stress-strain states, different in quality and quantity. Mechanical characteristics of soil, determined by this stress-strain state, also differ. The effect of stress-strain state of soil on its mechanical characteristics can be estimated theoretically. The initiation of the wave process and dynamic stress-strain state in soil sample placed in the device can be theoretically examined in detail. In this regard, the wave problem is set, which corresponds to the statement of experiments on the device of dynamic loading of soil. The law of soil strain is taken as an elastic-viscoplastic one. Numerical solution of wave equations is obtained by the finite difference method. Based on the analysis of stress-strain state of soil in various sections, obtained by numerical calculations, the condition is derived under which the effect of wave processes on mechanical characteristics of soils is eliminated. This condition (formula) establishes the relationship between the wavelength, the velocity of wave propagation in soil, the thickness of the soil sample in the device and the duration of dynamic load.
Using the Internet and Computer Technologies in Learning/Teaching Process.

According to the new national curriculum innovations are in a successful outcome for the introduction of many factors, the most important things are learning environment, which includes the suitable equipment, place, space utilization, and the selection of learning resources to support teaching and learning problem solving process, by creating the best conditions for students.We are on the crossing of an age of information. This will change of the universe no less than the industrial age. Now it is more important that it would be accessible and available to everyone. Also it’s essential to teach our children construction tools of this new challenges. Teach them how to solve problems, and how to be passive consumers.In order to make suitable atmosphere for children, it’s important to take into consideration that modern technologies have the great role to this process. Furthermore in this environment, the students have opportunities to think critically and independently, to find their own ways of solving problems through research and experimentation.To solve many problems we help our new modern computer educational programs. We should mention many types of simulation software, which are the imitation of the real events. It allows the user to examine the effects on the real situation without monitoring. Moreover, the observation of the process may be repeated as many times as necessary. This is particularly important in areas in which the real experiment and its multiple repetitions is difficult and sometimes it is even impossible (for example, economics, social sciences, biology). Such software gives us chance to record everything and use them to study the new phenomenon.Nowadays, computer technology plays an important role in our lives, it helps us to solve many problems easily and quickly. But taking everything into consideration it is obvious that, we need to use computers appropriately in our everyday activities. we can definitely say: ,,he wins who owns more information’’. Keywords: ICT, Modern Technologies, Tool.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTEREST RATE AND HOUSEHOLD'S SAVINGS IN PAKISTAN

The present study is undertaken to examine the impact of interest rate, inflation rate and per capita income on household's saving in Pakistan for the period of 1981 to 2011. The study uses simple descriptive statistics to analyze the trend in household's saving. It also uses advance techniques of time series econometrics for modeling the household's saving function. It includes Granger causality test (Block erogeneity test), Johanson Co-integration, and general to specific methodology for modeling the appropriate Vector Error correction model. The applications of the techniques are based on the order of integration of time series data. It is, therefore, the reason that Augmented – Dickey Fuller test has been carried out for testing the order of integration of the time series variables, and thereby, selecting the estimation techniques for estimating parameters of the model. The careful inspection of the data reveals that all the variables are non-stationary at level, stationary at their first difference. Based on this characteristic of the data Johnson co-integration technique has been used for estimation, rather than simple OLS which is biased at the present case. The empirical results show that there exist equilibrium in long run relationship among per capita income, inflation, interest rate and household's saving. There is also significant error correction component which reveals that system reverts to its long run equilibrium in response to external shocks. These results are as per economic theory. On the basis of empirical evidence, it is suggested that inflation rate may be kept low so that real interest rate may be stimulated for accelerating rate of household's saving rate.