Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-Event Transient Testing of Low Dropout PNP Series Linear Voltage Regulators

Recommendations are provided for Single Event Transient (SET) testing of low dropout (LDO) PNP series linear voltage regulators. A combination of SPICE circuit simulations and pulsed laser irradiations are used to demonstrate that the equivalent series resistance (ESR), loading conditions and regulator stability are the key elements that govern LDO regulator's SET response. Pulsed laser testing of several light-like candidates shows similar SET trends and dependences. Due to the additional circuits introduced in an LDO design, we reveal the existence of a thermal shutdown mode that can be triggered by a single event that is also load dependent.
Screening for Down syndrome using urine hCG free β‐subunit in the second trimester of pregnancy

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) free β‐subunit levels were determined in 709 control and 13 Down syndrome urine samples from the second trimester of pregnancy. Results were normalized to urine creatinine concentration and converted to multiples of the unaffected pregnancy medium (MOM). The concentration of free β‐subunit in Down syndrome cases was 3·9 MOM. Seven of 13 Down syndrome pregnancies (54 per cent) had free β‐subunit levels at or above the 95th centile of unaffected pregnancies. Urine free β‐subunit may potentially be useful as a screening test for Down syndrome. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PERSISTENCE OF INDUCED OPINION CHANGE AND RETENTION OF THE INDUCING MESSAGE CONTENTS.

Induced opinion change shows a strong positive relationship to recall of the contents of the persuasive message 1 week after receipt of the communication but tends, over time, to become functionally autonomous of recall of at least some aspects of the contents of the inducing message. Induced opinion change was found to decay rectilinearly over a 6-week period, while recall of contents showed a negatively accelerated decay trend. Opinion change and recall of the message topic were positively related 1 week after the communication, but negatively related 6 weeks later. Recall of the side taken and of the specific arguments used were positively related to opinion change both 1 week and 6 weeks after the communication. Recall of source was complexly related to opinion change. (23 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
Use of a High-Throughput Phenotypic Screening Strategy to Identify Amplifiers, a Novel Pharmacological Class of Small Molecules That Exhibit Functional Synergy with Potentiators and Correctors

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal genetic disorder caused by mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Despite recent groundbreaking approval of genotype-specific small-molecule drugs, a significant portion of CF patients still lack effective therapeutic options that address the underlying cause of the disease. Through a phenotypic high-throughput screen of approximately 54,000 small molecules, we identified a novel class of CFTR modulators called amplifiers. The identified compound, the characteristics of which are represented here by PTI-CH, selectively increases the expression of immature CFTR protein across different CFTR mutations, including F508del-CFTR, by targeting the inefficiencies of early CFTR biosynthesis. PTI-CH also augments the activity of other CFTR modulators and was found to possess novel characteristics that distinguish it from CFTR potentiator and corrector moieties. The PTI-CH–mediated increase in F508del-CFTR did not elicit cytosolic or endoplasmic reticulum–associated cellular stress responses. Based on these data, amplifiers represent a promising new class of CFTR modulators for the treatment of CF that can be used synergistically with other CFTR modulators.
Morphological and dietary differences between individuals are weakly but positively correlated within a population of threespine stickleback

Background: Many theoretical models of speciation and niche evolution assume that the ecological similarity between conspecific individuals depends on their phenotypic similarity. Thus, competition between individuals is expected to depend on their phenotypic similarity. Theoretical models often assume that this intraspecific competition function is Gaussian. Questions: Are morphological similarity and diet similarity positively correlated? If so, is this relationship non-linear? Data: Stomach contents, stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C and δ 15 N), and trophic morphology (standard length, gape width, body width, gill raker number, and gill raker length) for 265 threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from a single population from a lake in British Columbia. Analysis: We calculated the diet similarity and morphological similarity between all pairs of individuals in our sample. We examined the correlation between diet and morphological similarity, and tested whether the relationship exhibits any non-linearity. Conclusions: Similarity in trophic morphology is correlated with dietary similarity between individuals. However, both body size and trophic morphology explained remarkably small percentages of the variance in diet overlap. Also, we found no evidence of curvature in the intraspecific competition function.
The "Behind-the-knee" Test for Menstrual Tampon Irritation

Colposcopic inspection of the vagina is a routine component of the safety assessment of intravaginal products. However, colposcopic findings occur frequently in healthy women, raising questions about their relevance to intravaginal product safety. Practical disadvantages limit the utility of colposcopy for evaluating menstrual tampons, among them the presence of background microtrauma, the inability to assess effects during menstruation, and, importantly, the question of whether post-hoc assessments are sufficiently sensitive to detect small inflammatory changes. The Behind-the-knee (BTK) test is an alternative for evaluating inflammatory and tissue dryness effects of physical articles by their repeated application to the popliteal fossa under an elastic bandage. It enables concurrent parallel comparisons of experimental and control articles over time and substantially increases the sensitivity of detecting small changes in tissue inflammation. With this protocol, uncompressed experimental and control tampons yielded comparable relative and absolute erythema scores (after overnight recovery) as did colposcopic assessment of the lower genital tract 3 to 48 hours after menstrual use. Scoring erythema in the BTK test immediately after product removal increased the level of visually discernible inflammation 6-fold. In a study of commercial menstrual pads, subclinical inflammation visualized with cross-polarized light correlated with the frequency of subjective reports of discomfort during the test and discriminated the relative tolerability of the two products determined by market surveillance, providing added confidence in the predictive value of the test. We believe the BTK test to be a valuable alternative to colposcopy for assessing inflammation and dryness associated with menstrual tampons.
Structural Basis of Recognition of Pathogen-associated Molecular Patterns and Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Camel Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein*

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are involved in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The well known pathogen-associated molecular patterns include LPS from Gram-negative bacteria and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria. In this work, the crystal structures of two complexes of the short form of camel PGRP (CPGRP-S) with LPS and LTA determined at 1.7- and 2.1-Å resolutions, respectively, are reported. Both compounds were held firmly inside the complex formed with four CPGRP-S molecules designated A, B, C, and D. The binding cleft is located at the interface of molecules C and D, which is extendable to the interface of molecules A and C. The interface of molecules A and B is tightly packed, whereas that of molecules B and D forms a wide channel. The hydrophilic moieties of these compounds occupy a common region, whereas hydrophobic chains interact with distinct regions in the binding site. The binding studies showed that CPGRP-S binds to LPS and LTA with affinities of 1.6 × 10−9 and 2.4 × 10−8 m, respectively. The flow cytometric studies showed that both LPS- and LTA-induced expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 was inhibited by CPGRP-S. The results of animal studies using mouse models indicated that both LPS- and LTA-induced mortality rates decreased drastically when CPGRP-S was administered. The recognition of both LPS and LTA, their high binding affinities for CPGRP-S, the significant decrease in the production of LPS- and LTA-induced TNF-α and IL-6, and the drastic reduction in the mortality rates in mice by CPGRP-S indicate its useful properties as an antibiotic agent.
Comparison of discriminative indices for iron deficiency anemia and β thalassemia trait in a Brazilian population

Abstract To discriminate iron deficiency anemia (IDA) from β thalassemia trait (βTT), several indices obtained from modern blood count analyzers have been reported. Discrimination power of seven indices to differentiate between IDA and βTT, such as Green and King Index (GKI), RDW Index (RDWI), Srivastava Index (SRI), Mentzer Index (MI), Shine and Lal Index (SLI), Ehsani Index (EI), and Sirdah Index (SI), were evaluated. These indices were applied on 47 patients with βTT and on 289 patients with IDA, as confirmed by gold standard tests. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, efficiency, area under receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC), and Youden's Index (YI) were calculated. GKI and RDWI showed the highest reliability, as they had the largest AUCs (0.919, 0.912, respectively) and Youden's Index (70.4, 74.6, respectively). Conversely, SLI presented a less satisfactory performance (AUC = 0.786 and YI = 6.6). Data taken together suggest the superiority of GKI and RDWI to discriminate between IDA and βTT.
New dual-threshold voltage assignment technique for low-power digital circuits

In this paper, a new technique for the dual-threshold voltage assignment with more efficiency is proposed. In the proposed method, an assignment priority factor which quantifies the reduction in the subthreshold current versus the delay increase is defined and utilized to select the proper gate(s). Using the factor, the gates with more decrease in the subthreshold leakage current and less delay penalty after the assignment are given a higher priority. This leads to more high threshold voltage gates and hence, a more static power reduction. The technique is applied to the ISCAS85 benchmarks achieving up to about 25% reduction in the subthreshold leakage compared to the conventional technique.
Shake-Shake regularization

The method introduced in this paper aims at helping deep learning practitioners faced with an overfit problem. The idea is to replace, in a multi-branch network, the standard summation of parallel branches with a stochastic affine combination. Applied to 3-branch residual networks, shake-shake regularization improves on the best single shot published results on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 by reaching test errors of 2.86% and 15.85%. Experiments on architectures without skip connections or Batch Normalization show encouraging results and open the door to a large set of applications. Code is available at this https URL
Comparison of induced gamma band responses to electrocortical stimulation and functional MRI during a language task: are they redundant or complementary to assess cognitive postoperative outcome in epilepsy surgery?

The present study compared language mapping with language-induced Gamma Band Responses (GBRs) and Electro-Cortical Stimulation (ECS) and functional neuroimaging (fMRI), in patient with intracranial electrodes and evaluated the clinical relevance of GBRs to predict post-operative language outcome. Fourteen subjects with intractable epilepsy candidates for epilepsy surgery underwent intracranial EEG (iEEG) monitoring. During iEEG, conventional ECS and a language task (Lec1) involving two language processes (semantic and phonological) were performed. Thus we obtained iEEG signals, analysed in terms of GBRs (50–150 Hz) and behavioural features. In addition, a sub-group of 6 patients performed a language fMRI mapping. After surgery, the same language task (Lec1) was performed. Statistical analyses were computed: i) at every tested cortical site, language-induced GBRs were compared to language responses elicited by ECS, and fMRI results ii) post-operative outcomes of patients who underwent a resection upon cortical sites that exhibit language-induced GBRs were compared to post-operative outcomes of the other patients. Language-induced GBRs during predict ECS language interference and fMRI results with high specificity but low sensibility. Resections upon sites that showed language-related GBRs were not associated with more significant language post-operative decline. This study supports the feasibility of pre-surgical language mapping with language-induced GBRs. It supports the use of GBRs as a complementary tool of ECS and fMRI, as a screening method to perform preliminary functional maps to reduce ECS duration.
The class imbalance problem: A systematic study

In machine learning problems, differences in prior class probabilities -- or class imbalances -- have been reported to hinder the performance of some standard classifiers, such as decision trees. This paper presents a systematic study aimed at answering three different questions. First, we attempt to understand the nature of the class imbalance problem by establishing a relationship between concept complexity, size of the training set and class imbalance level. Second, we discuss several basic re-sampling or cost-modifying methods previously proposed to deal with the class imbalance problem and compare their effectiveness. The results obtained by such methods on artificial domains are linked to results in real-world domains. Finally, we investigate the assumption that the class imbalance problem does not only affect decision tree systems but also affects other classification systems such as Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines.
5-Fluorouracil alters dihydrofolate reductase pre-mRNA splicing as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been developed to determine the absolute and relative amounts of each dihydrofolate reductase RNA species present at different stages of splicing (i.e., pre-mRNA, splicing intermediate, and mRNA). The ratios of each RNA species as measured by quantitative PCR have been confirmed by S1 nuclease mapping analysis. Quantitative PCR studies reveal a concentration-dependent decrease in the levels of dihydrofolate reductase mRNA and a splicing intermediate but little change in pre-mRNA levels after long term exposure of cells to 5-fluorouracil (FUra). The observed changes correlate with the extent of FUra incorporation into RNA and with cytotoxicity. These results, together with previous data from our laboratory, provide the first direct evidence that FUra incorporation into RNA can cause inhibition of pre-mRNA splicing in vivo. Inhibition of pre-mRNA splicing is thus a likely additional mechanism by which FUra incorporation into RNA may lead to growth inhibition and cell death.
C‐Reactive Protein and Body Mass Index Independently Predict Mortality in Kidney Transplant Recipients

C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in the general population. To date, there are no prospective studies of the association between CRP and mortality or allograft loss in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). In 1995, 438 consecutive KTR were enrolled in this prospective study. Important information on demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics was collected at baseline, and CRP was measured using standard methods. Patients were then followed‐up for a median 7.8 years. Time‐to‐event analyses (univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models) were used to study the main outcomes: all‐cause mortality and kidney allograft loss, defined as the earlier of return to dialysis, re‐transplantation, or death. From univariate analyses, we found that CRP ≥0.5 mg/dL was associated with a 83% greater mortality risk compared with lower levels of this inflammatory marker [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–2.72; p = 0.003]. After multivariate adjustment, patients with a CRP ≥0.5 mg/dL had a 53% higher mortality risk compared with patients whose CRP was below that threshold (HR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.01–2.31; p = 0.04). No associations between CRP and the risk of kidney allograft loss were detected. Furthermore, we were not able to detect any effect modification between CRP and body mass index on the outcomes under study. We conclude that CRP predicts all‐cause mortality, but not allograft loss in stable KTR.
Vascular Endothelium‐Leukocyte Interaction: STICKING SHEAR FORCE IN VENULES

To determine the shear force acting on a white blood cell sticking to the endothelium of a blood vessel, the flow field about a single white blood cell in a venule was determined by high-speed motion picture photomicrography. The force acting on the white blood cell was then calculated according to the principles of fluid mechanics. In this paper, the calculation was made using an experimentally determined dimensionless shear force coefficient obtained from a kinematically and dynamically similar model. The large physical model of the hemodynamic system could be easily instrumented, and the shear force acting on the model cell and the flow field around it were measured. The data were then used to calculate a shear force coefficient. On the basis of dynamic similarity, this shear force coefficient was applied to the white blood cell in the venule. The shear force coefficient was strongly influenced by the hematocrit, so in vivo hematocrits were measured from electron micrographs. It was found that in the venules of the rabbit omentum a white blood cell sticking to the endothelial wall was subjected to a shear force in the range of 4 × 10−5 dynes to 234 × 10−5 dynes; the exact value depended on the size and motion of the white blood cell, the size of the blood vessel, the velocity of the blood flow, and the local hematocrit, which varied between 20% and 40% in venules of about 40 µm in diameter. The contact area between the white blood cell and the endothelial cell was estimated, and the shear stress was found to range between 50 dynes/cm2 and 1060 dynes/cm2. The normal stress of interaction between the white blood cell and the endothelium had a maximum value that was of the same order of magnitude as the shear stress. The accumulated relative error of the experimental procedure was about 49%. The instantaneous shear force was a random function of time because of random fluctuations of the hematocrit.
Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Musa balbisiana Corroborates Structural Heterogeneity of Inverted Repeats in Wild Progenitors of Cultivated Bananas and Plantains

First structural description of complete nucleotide sequence of M. balbisiana chloroplast genome Evolutionarily conserved IRa‐SSC expansion events in the genus Musa and Zingiberales species Existence of infrageneric fluctuations in the IRb‐SSC junction expansion among wild Musa species M. balbisiana and M. textilis share close evolutionary relationship albeit variable IRb‐SSC expansion A significant addition to a growing body of Musa genomics resources
Uso de móviles y tabletas para la evaluación de los conocimientos adquiridos: hagamos asequible la evaluación continua.

El objetivo fundamental de este proyecto ha sido aprovechar un dispositivo que posee practicamente el 100% de los alumnos y profesores (telefono inteligente), como herramienta para el aprendizaje y la evaluacion de los conocimientosLos resultados obtenidos dejan clara la utilidad de la aplicacion Socrative, bien se tengan en cuenta cada uno de los items o bien se consideren los nucleos teoricos en que se han agrupado los items de la encuesta elaborada. Si ya era patente la concordancia en la evaluacion positiva de Socrative de los tres grupos de alumnos de distintos cursos y con asignaturas y profesores diferentes durante la primera fase de este proyecto (2014), ahora en la segunda fase (2015) esa concordancia queda consolidada al anadirse otros grupos de alumnos distintos, con asignaturas y profesores diferentes.En general, los alumnos piensan que la aplicacion de movil, mas el proceso didactico implementado, les han ayudado a estar mas motivados en las clases, a mantener una relacion mas directa con el profesor, a mejorar su rendimiento en la materia y a poner en marcha un proceso mas activo por su parte, en el aprendizaje, ya que todas las medias son superiores a 3, que es el punto de corte teorico (de evaluacion positiva o negativa) de la escala.
Studies on the metabolism of 2-benzoylaminofluorene-9-C14 and 2-acetylaminofluorene-9-C14 in the rat.

1. The metabolism of 2-benzoylaminofluorene-9-C14 and 2-acetylaminofluorene-9-C14 was studied in the rat after intramuscular injection. The administered radioactivity was recovered quantitatively from the tissues and excreta. 2. Approximately 90 per cent of the radioactivity of labeled AAF was excreted in 96 hours, while only 20 per cent of the radioactivity of labeled BAF was found in the excreta. Labeled material was excreted in the urine approximately 10 times faster after injection of AAF than after administration of BAF. The data indicate that AAF is more reactive in vivo than is BAF. 3. Fractionation of the urine with ether at various pH indicated that the major portion of the radioactivity was associated with water-soluble compounds which may be conjugation products. Treatment of the urine with hot sulfuric acid decreased the quantities of water-soluble radioactivity, indicating partial hydrolysis. 4. No AF was recovered from the urine after injection of labeled BAF and only a trace after administration of labeled AAF. AF is not, therefore, considered to be a major end product of the metabolism of BAF or AAF. Since no appreciable difference in the recovery of AF after administration of BAF or AAF was found, there appears to be no relationship between the carcinogenicity of derivatives of AF and the excretion of the free amine.