Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Utilization of Standardized Nursing Language among Nurses in Jos University Teaching Hospital Plateau State, Nigeria

Standardized Nursing Language is an emerging concept which marks the dawn of a new era in nursing practice. NANDA-I, NIC and NOC (NNN) are three in one Standardized language incorporated within the nursing process. Standardization of nursing terminologies enhances better communication within and across health professionals, thus making nursing visible. The study therefore, aimed at determining the knowledge and utilization of Standardized Nursing Language (NANDA-I, NIC and NOC) and to identify barriers to their use among nurses in Jos University Teaching Hospital Plateau state, Nigeria. The study was a nonexperimental descriptive survey, in which questionnaire was used to gather relevant data from a stratified randomly selected 230 professional nurses in the teaching hospital but 220 were retrieved which represented 95.7% response rate. Data was presented in frequency tables and percentages. Hypotheses were tested using Chi-square. The findings revealed that majority (73.2%) of the respondents had knowledge about SNL especially NANDA-I (82.7%). However, most of the respondents did not know about NIC and NOC (54.5%). Similarly, Most of the respondents (55.9%) utilizes SNLs in their institution especially NANDA-I diagnoses (74.5%), with majority (57%) having adequate levels of utilization of NANDAI,while most of them were not using NIC and NOC in Nursing documentation. Nurses in Jos University Teaching Hospital, generally have adequate knowledge about NANDA-I but have inadequate knowledge about NIC and NOC. They also adequately use NANDA-I but have inadequate usage of NIC and NOC in nursing documentation, for reasons such as inadequate manpower, lack of appropriate equipment, inadequate knowledge etc. Furthermore, chi – square analysis (X2) shows that there is significant relationship between knowledge and utilization of SNLs among nurses in JUTH. Therefore, the need for more awareness on SNL and how to apply them to clinical practice among nurses in the hospital is recommended.
Identification of two distinct fire regimes in Southern California: implications for economic impact and future change

The area burned by Southern California wildfires has increased in recent decades, with implications for human health, infrastructure, and ecosystem management. Meteorology and fuel structure are universally recognized controllers of wildfire, but their relative importance, and hence the efficacy of abatement and suppression efforts, remains controversial. Southern California’s wildfires can be partitioned by meteorology: fires typically occur either during Santa Ana winds (SA fires) in October through April, or warm and dry periods in June through September (non-SA fires). Previous work has not quantitatively distinguished between these fire regimes when assessing economic impacts or climate change influence. Here we separate five decades of fire perimeters into those coinciding with and without SA winds. The two fire types contributed almost equally to burned area, yet SA fires were responsible for 80% of cumulative 1990–2009 economic losses ($3.1 Billion). The damage disparity was driven by fire characteristics: SA fires spread three times faster, occurred closer to urban areas, and burned into areas with greater housing values. Non-SA fires were comparatively more sensitive to age-dependent fuels, often occurred in higher elevation forests, lasted for extended periods, and accounted for 70% of total suppression costs. An improved distinction of fire type has implications for future projections and management. The area burned in non-SA fires is projected to increase 77% (±43%) by the mid-21st century with warmer and drier summers, and the SA area burned is projected to increase 64% (±76%), underscoring the need to evaluate the allocation and effectiveness of suppression investments.
EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA OIL IN CYCLOSPORINE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS

Objective: The main objective of our study is to see the hepatoprotective effect of Nigella sativa in Cyclosporine induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: the effect of Nigella sativa on cyclosporine induced hepatotoxicity was studied in albino rats. The animals were divided into 3 groups with 6 rats in each group. Group I served as vehicle control, Group II animals were given Cyclosporine 25mg/Kg body weight orally for 21 days and Group III were given Cyclosporine 25mg/Kg + Nigella sativa 1ml/Kg body weight orally for 21 days. The blood samples were collected for liver enzymes estimation before and after the experiment. The animals were sacrificed on 22 nd day and liver was subjected to histopathological examination. Results: Cyclosporine provoked hepatotoxicity was evident from increase of hepatic enzyme levels and histopathological changes. Addition of Nigella sativa has resulted in the decrease of elevated hepatic enzyme levels and improvement in histopathological changes in liver. Conclusion: The present study showed that Nigella sativa oil has protective effect on Cyclosporine induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.
The Impact of Climate Change on Livestock Management in Africa: A Structural Ricardian Analysis

This paper develops the structural Ricardian method, a new approach to modeling agricultural performance using cross-sectional evidence, and uses the method to study animal husbandry in Africa. The model is intended to estimate the structure beneath Ricardian results in order to understand how farmers change their behavior in response to climate. A survey of over 5,000 livestock farmers in 10 countries reveals that the selection of species, the net income per animal, and the number of animals are all highly dependent on climate. As climate warms, net income across all animals will fall, especially across beef cattle. The fall in net income causes African farmers to reduce the number of animals on their farms. The fall in relative revenues also causes them to shift away from beef cattle and toward sheep and goats. All farmers will lose income but the most vulnerable farms are large African farms that currently specialize in beef cattle. Small livestock and large livestock farms respond to climates differently. Small farms are diversified, relying on dairy cattle, goats, sheep, and chickens. Large farms specialize in dairy and beef cattle. Estimating a separate multinomial logit selection model for small and large farms reveals that the two types of farm choose species differently and specifically have different climate response functions. The regressions of the number of animals also reveal that large farms are more responsive to climate. The results indicate that warming will be harmful to commercial livestock owners, especially cattle owners. Owners of commercial livestock farms have few alternatives either in crops or other animal species. In contrast, small livestock farms are better able to adapt to warming or precipitation increases by switching to heat tolerant animals or crops. Livestock operations will be a safety valve for small farmers if warming or drought causes their crops to fail.
Egg production of Austropandalus grayi (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) from the Magellan region, South America*

3) of A. grayi were low when compared to values reported from other pandalids. Clutch size increased with maternal size, however, the size of recentlyspawned eggs was not linked to female size. Although the egg mass volume remained almost stable during the incubation period, females lost on average 51.1% of their initially-laid embryos; however, this loss was more than compensated by an 88.4% increase of the egg volume during embryogenesis. Mean reproductive output was relatively low (0.133) and not related to maternal size. The RO-data of A. grayi and other pandalids seem to indicate an increasing energy allocation for reproduction towards higher latitudes, a trend which would be contrary to the results of studies with other crustaceans. Water was the predominant constituent of the chemical composition of developing embryos and increased from 62.2% to 70.2% during the incubation period. At the same time, organic matter declined and mineral content augmented. Generally, our results are in agreement with previous findings with regard to the chemical composition of developing decapod embryos.
Preprint ISSN 2198-5855 Stochastic unfolding and homogenization

The notion of periodic two-scale convergence and the method of periodic unfolding are prominent and useful tools in multiscale modeling and analysis of PDEs with rapidly oscillating periodic coe cients. In this paper we are interested in the theory of stochastic homogenization for continuum mechanical models in form of PDEs with random coe cients, describing random heterogeneous materials. The notion of periodic two-scale convergence has been extended in di erent ways to the stochastic case. In this work we introduce a stochastic unfolding method that features many similarities to periodic unfolding. In particular it allows to characterize the notion of stochastic two-scale convergence in the mean by mere convergence in an extended space. We illustrate the method on the (classical) example of stochastic homogenization of convex integral functionals, and prove a stochastic homogenization result for an non-convex evolution equation of Allen-Cahn type. Moreover, we discuss the relation of stochastic unfolding to previously introduced notions of (quenched and mean) stochastic two-scale convergence. The method descibed in the present paper extends to the continuum setting the notion of discrete stochastic unfolding, as recently introduced by the second and third author in the context of discrete-to-continuum transition.
The Impact of Public Funding on Creative Processes in Australia: Three Case Studies of Visual Artists

Artistic practices are subjected to numerous situational factors that simultaneously hinder and/or enable future artistic activity: public funding is positioned in this research as one such situational factor. This article explores the immediate impacts public funding has on the artistically creative processes of the funded art project using three case studies of Australian-based visual artists Kelly Doley, Agatha Gothe-Snape and Nigel Helyer. Each of these artists has recently received new work grants from the Australia Council for the Arts. Notions relating to definitions of creativity are explored. We conclude that while public funding can impact on the creative process of the funded projects, the (in)ability to access funding does not necessarily impact on the motivations to continuing practicing art.
Does Radio Advertisement Influence Sale of Herbal Products in Ghana? Evidence from Ho Municipality

Radio as a medium of advertising is very popular among marketers of fast moving consumer goods because it can reach wider audience in both rural and urban areas. In recent times, the popularity of radio as an ideal medium of advertising is gaining ground among herbal medicine producers apparently for commercial gains. This study aimed at analyzing the effect of radio advertising on the sale of herbal products with specific reference to the Ho Municipality. Convenience sampling technique was used to sample the respondents. In all, data had been collected from a sample of 50 respondents comprising ten (10) herbal retail shop operators and forty (40) final consumers of herbal products. Interview guides were used to collect data from the management of herbal retail shops and questionnaires were used to collect data from the consumers of herbal products. Analytical tools used include descriptive statistics and correlation. The study revealed that the majority of consumers got to know of the products through radio advertisement. Also, empirical data analysis suggests that 60.7% of the sales of herbal products could be attributed to advertising. In view of the above findings, further studies may be directed towards identifying other factors that influence the sale of herbal products within the municipality.
Seismic anisotropy in the lower mantle: A comparison of waveform splitting of SKS and SKKS

We have carried out a global investigation on seismic anisotropy in the lower mantle by comparing the waveform splitting of SKS and SKKS found at the same seismogram. The two shear waves have very similar ray paths in the upper mantle but different ones in the lower mantle. We collected a total of 104 SKS+SKKS waveform data recorded at 76 stations. The SKS+SKKS data are first matched with a single anisotropic model (2 parameters: the fast polarization direction ϕ and delay time δt) and two independent anisotropic models (4 parameters). We then applied an F‐test to examine whether the 4‐parameter models are better than the 2‐parameter ones based on error improvement. We found that the data from most of the stations can be explained by the simple 2‐parameter models. While this observation provides compelling evidence that the vast part of the lower mantle below ∼1000 km (including the D” region) is transversely isotropic, it is still arguable that the uppermost lower mantle and the transition may partly contribute the SKS/SKKS splittings. We also found that the 4‐parameter models provide a better fitting to the SKS and SKKS splitting at 8 stations, suggesting the existence of transverse anisotropy or anomalous dipping structures in some part of the lower mantle.
Inactivation of two strains of Escherichia coli inoculated into whole and skim milk by ultrahigh-pressure homogenisation

L'inactivation par homogeneisation a tres haute pression (UHPH) d'Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 et d'Escherichia coli O157:H7 CCUG 44857 inoculees au lait entier et au lait ecreme a ete etudiee. Des echantillons de lait entier ou ecreme UHT ont ete inocules avec des souches a une concentration approximative de 7,0 Log 10 (cfu·mL -1 ) et ont ensuite ete mis sous pression dans une machine de UHPH composee de deux pistons, le premier avec un systeme de soupape homogeneisant a 300 MPa, le second avec une soupape a 30 MPa. Les temperatures initiales du lait etaient de 6 °C et 20 °C. Le comptage des microorganismes vivants et ceux ayant subi des dommages a ete fait 2 heures apres le traitement UHPH et au 3 e , 6 e , et 9 e jours de conservation a 4 °C. La nature du lait a influence significativement (P < 0,05) le degre d'inactivation atteint pour les deux souches d' E. coli, et de maniere plus importante dans le lait entier pour une temperature de 20 °C. Le niveau d'inactivation etait similaire pour E. coli ATCC 10536 et E. coli O157:H7 CCUG 44857, atteignant respectivement les valeurs letales de 4,30 et 3,94 Log 10 cfu·mL -1 a une temperature initiale de 20 °C. Aucun dommage subletal n'a ete detecte sur les souches apres les traitements. L'evolution des microorganismes vivants durant la conservation a 4 °C etait similaire dans le lait entier et le lait ecreme. La souche E. coli O157:H7 CCUG 44857 a montre une tendance a la baisse de 0,3 unites logarithmiques et des differences significatives entre le 1 er jour et le 9 e jour de conservation.
Perturbative approach to covariance matrix of the matter power spectrum

Author(s): Mohammed, I; Seljak, U; Vlah, Z | Abstract: © 2016 The Authors. We evaluate the covariance matrix of the matter power spectrum using perturbation theory up to dominant terms at 1-loop order and compare it to numerical simulations.We decompose the covariance matrix into the disconnected (Gaussian) part, trispectrum from the modes outside the survey (supersample variance) and trispectrum from the modes inside the survey, and show how the different components contribute to the overall covariance matrix. We find the agreement with the simulations is at a 10 per cent level up to k ~ 1 h Mpc-1. We show that all the connected components are dominated by the large-scale modes (k l 0.1 h Mpc-1), regardless of the value of the wave vectors k, k' of the covariance matrix, suggesting that one must be careful in applying the jackknife or bootstrap methods to the covariance matrix. We perform an eigenmode decomposition of the connected part of the covariance matrix, showing that at higher k, it is dominated by a single eigenmode. The full covariance matrix can be approximated as the disconnected part only, with the connected part being treated as an external nuisance parameter with a known scale dependence, and a known prior on its variance for a given survey volume. Finally, we provide a prescription for how to evaluate the covariance matrix from small box simulations without the need to simulate large volumes.
Role of Osmolytes and Antioxidant Enzymes for Drought Tolerance in Wheat

Plants are vital to life as their presence maintains ecosystem on this living globe. Environ­ mental stresses trigger multiple responses initiated by plant cells to save plant life, from altered gene expression up to changes in cellular metabolism to regulate plant growth rates, which lead to better crop yield. The production of different osmoprotectants like proline, glycine-betaine (GB), trehalose, and antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dis ­ mutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase has shown a promising role to keep away cells from immediate cellular damage. Root-to-shoot ratio was enhanced in the drought-affected genotypes, while osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes take up the role to overcome drought situation in wheat germplasm. PEG­induced protocol was used to find out the production of osmolytes (proline, glycine-betaine, and trehalose) and anti ­ oxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and APX) biochemically. The levels of antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes were enhanced significantly in all germplasms indicating the defensive measures of plant cells in drought situation. DNA fingerprinting results have shown that the different wheat germplasms have an association with the levels of osmoprotectants and antioxidant enzymes during drought stress. can main­ tain cell turgor. PEG induced severe stress in the selected wheat germplasm, and root­to­shoot ratio was enhanced in the drought-affected germplasm. The levels of antioxidant enzymes were enhanced significantly in all genotypes while glycine-betaine, proline, and trehalose have shown association and positive effects during drought stress. The safety and survival of the plants depends on the coordination of these vital osmoprotectants with antioxidant enzymes.
TRADITIONAL MARKET OR MODERN RETAIL

Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate consumer attitude toward traditional market and retail modern. Survey was deployed to gather data using self administered questionnaire. Respondents are Gunadarma University staffs. SEM was deployed to analyze data collected as we dealt with latent variables. Result shows on gender, the correlation between attitude towards the important of shopping location and products are different between sexes for fish and chicken. Meanwhile, there is no significant difference between male and female respondents on the importance of shopping location decision for meat and vegetable products. Without regards to gender moderation effect, respondents are more preferable to shop in Traditional market than in modern retail. On Education level, it was found differences among respondents on the important of shopping location-products relationship, except chicken product. Among education levels it shows that traditional market is more preferable than modern retail in buying chicken, fish, meat, and vegetables products. Keywords: traditional market, modern retail, consumer decision, shopping location, shopping attitude
The Chemistry of a Dry Cloud: The Effects of Radiation and Turbulence

Abstract The combined effect of ultraviolet radiation and turbulent mixing on chemistry in a cloud-topped boundary layer is investigated. The authors study a flow driven by longwave radiative cooling at cloud top. They consider a chemical cycle that is composed of a first-order reaction whose photodissociation rate depends on the cloud properties and time and a second-order chemical reaction between an abundant entrained reactant and a species with an initial concentration in the boundary layer. This turbulent reacting flow is represented numerically by means of a large eddy simulation. The simulation does not take evaporative cooling and aqueous-phase chemistry into account; that is, the authors simulate a dry smoke cloud. The vertical concentration profiles of the reactants not in excess clearly show the appearance of gradients due to the chemical sources and sinks in the cloud. Moreover, the vertical-flux profiles depart from a linear profile. Fluxes that, in the absence of chemistry, are directed upwa.
Evaluation of some biological activities of Euglena gracilis biomass produced by a fed-batch culture with some crop fertilizers

The feasibility of growing Euglena gracilis in some crop fertilizers was investigated and some biological activities of the produced biomass were evaluated. A fed-batch mixotrophic culture was done in an airlift photobioreactor operated at an aeration rate of 0.2 vvm. A final biomass concentration of 2.6 gL-1 obtained with NPK15:15:15 after 96 h of cultivation was significantly lower than the 5.7 gL-1 obtained with BGII medium under the same culture condition. There was no significant effect of supplementing conventional rat feeds with Euglena biomass or captopril (an antihypertensive drug) on the body weight of the rats. However, supplementation with Euglena biomass had significant (P<0.05) effects on some biological activities such as, inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), hypocholesterolaemic activity and increase in red blood count (P<0.05). Analysis of the dried algal biomass showed a protein content of 33.327%, fat content of 16.4%, poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of 51.33 mgKOH/g, and vitamin E content of 171.3 mg/100 g. Key words: Mixotrophic, angiotensin converting enzyme, hypocholesterolaemic activity, photobioreactor.
Magnetic Polarizability for Two Circular Apertures in Parallel Conducting Planes

The behavior of the magnetic polarizability for two circular apertures in parallel conducting planes is investigated. The scattered potentials are expressed in terms of discrete and continuous modes based on the eigenfunction expansion and Hankel-transform. The boundary conditions are used to derive a set of simultaneous equations for the discrete modal coefficients. A fast convergent series representation for the magnetic polarizability is presented. The magnetic polarizability is calculated to illustrate the behavior of a magnetostatic potential penetration into apertures in terms of aperture geometry.