Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test generation for current testing

Current testing has been found to be useful for testing CMOS ICs because it can detect a large class of manufacturing defects. The concept of current testing is described; the classes of defects detectable by current testing and the conditions to detect a given defect are described; and a general test-vector generation algorithm for current testing is developed and applied to two examples. <<ETX>>
Exploration of autobiographical, episodic, and semantic memory : modeling of a common neural network.

for Doctor of Philosophy Thesis (2009) Hana Burianova’ Department of Psychology University of Toronto Exploration of autobiographical, episodic, and semantic memory: Modeling of a common neural network The purpose of this thesis was to delineate the neural underpinning of three types of declarative memory retrieval; autobiographical, episodic, and semantic. Autobiographical memory was defined as the conscious recollection of personally relevant events, episodic memory as the recall of stimuli presented in the laboratory, and semantic memory as the retrieval of factual information and general knowledge about the world. Young adults participated in an event-related fMRI study in which pictorial stimuli were presented as cues for retrieval. By manipulating retrieval demands, autobiographical, episodic, or semantic memories were extracted in response to the same stimulus. The objective of the subsequent analyses was threefold: firstly, to delineate regional activations common across the memory conditions, as well as neural activations unique to each memory type (“condition-specific”); secondly, to delineate a functional network common to all three memory conditions; and, thirdly, to delineate functional network(s) of brain regions that show condition-specific activity and to assess their overlap with the common functional network. The results of the first analysis showed regional activations common to all three types of memory retrieval in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus,
Going digital: implications for firm value and performance

We examine firm value and performance implications of the growing trend of nontechnology companies engaging in activities relating to digital technologies. We measure digital activities in firms based on the disclosure of digital words in the business description section of 10-Ks. Digital activities are associated with a market-to-book ratio 8%–26% higher than industry peers, and only 25% of the differences in market-to-book is explained by accounting capitalization restrictions. To control for selection bias, we implement lagged dependent variable and IV regressions, and our market-to-book findings are robust to these specifications. Portfolios formed on digital activity disclosure earn a Daniel et al. The Journal of Finance 52 (3): 1035–1058 ( 1997 )-adjusted return of 30% over a three-year horizon and a monthly alpha of 44-basis-points. On the other hand, we find weak evidence of near-term, positive improvements in fundamental performance, as we find some evidence of interim productivity increases but declines in sales growth conditional on digital activities.
Ascertaining the interaction effects among organisational citizenship behaviour, work overload and employees’ performance in the Ghanaian construction industry

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the interaction effects among organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), work overload (WO) and employees’ performance in the Ghanaian construction industry, thus identifying the thin boundary between advocating OCB and avoiding WO in attempt to increase higher employee performance. Design/methodology/approach Using a quantitative research method, three hypotheses were tested. The views of 86 project teams were elicited using a structured questionnaire, and linear regression was utilized to validate the hypotheses. Findings The study proved that OCBs positively affect employee performance in the construction industry. The results implied that increased work load on employees do not increase their productivity levels, but adversely increase the unconsiderable effects of employees’ work lives. In addition, WO played the role of homologizing moderation in the relationship between OCB and employee performance. Practical implications The findings suggest that there is a considerable effect of WO on overall employee performance in the construction industry; thus, there is a need for stakeholders to address this issue for performance improvement. Originality/value The application and investigation of these issues have dominated the banking industry but lacked in the construction industry. The current study therefore provides useful insight into the interaction effects among organizational citizenship behavior, WO and employees’ performance in the Ghanaian construction industry.
The myth of the paperless office

A composite lamp having relatively high efficacy and improved color richness and warmth. The lamp is comprised of a mercury or a metal halide lamp and a tungsten halogen lamp which are located in a common housing. The mercury or metal halide lamp is of relatively high efficacy and relatively high lumen output whereas the tungsten halogen lamp is of relatively lower efficacy and lower lumen output and is used primarily to improve the warmth and richness of the light output of the composite lamp. The tungsten halogen lamp is mounted directly beneath the mercury lamp and is physically much smaller so that only a minimal amount of the lumen output of the mercury lamp is obscured.
Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) Production by Nostoc minutum under Different Laboratory Conditions

A study of the influence of different laboratory growth conditions on the biomass and EPS production by Nostoc minutum, a diazothophic cyanobacterium locally isolated, was carried out. Two culture media were tested, with or without NaNO3 addition, and three luminous intensities: low (4530 lux), intermediate (7300 lux) and high (9860 lux). BW3 medium was better than BG11 for N. minutum growth, with maximal values of biomass concentration (4.98 DO) and the highest growth rate (0.019 h-1) at 9860 lux of light intensity. A progressive increase in culture viscosity of N. minutum cultures was observed, for stirred condition and non-diazotrophic growth in BG11 medium, together with the production of maximal EPS concentration (2.485 g/L). On the other hand, the EPS production in BW3 medium was maximal in diazotrophic conditions, both for still (1.66 g/L) and stirred (2.56 g/L) cultures. The different yields of EPS reported for each condition, results in the requirement of a species-specific optimization of the cultivation conditions for the exploitation of an efficient technology for the production of N. minutum EPS.
Early Marriage in Nepal: Prospects for Schoolgirls

Nepal has one of the highest child marriage rates in the world; the prevalence is even higher in Terai region. There has been an observable correlation between marriage and education leading to the general assumption that girls attending school are less likely to be married at an early age compared with counterparts that have either dropped out of school or have not been in school. This paper assesses the causality between school attendance and likelihood of marriage. The study relies on a qualitative assessment conducted at 5 schools in Dhanusha, a district in Province 2 of Nepal. Participants in the assessment included 60 schoolgirls from grade 9 to 10. Interviews were conducted where participants were familiarized with previous research reports on marital age and education, national statistics and legal documents on child marriages. From the outcomes of the interviews, the girls noted that their society, neighbors, senior citizens in their community, relatives and religious leaders were the primary agents of solicitations for marriage proposals to a family and that the activity began when a girl reached the age of thirteen. There was significant indication from the interviews that schoolgirls were not immune from early marriage.
A cross-cultural comparison of the processes underlying the associations between sharing of and exposure to alcohol references and drinking intentions

This study is among the first to cross-culturally compare the associations between social media use and emerging adults’ drinking behavior in an accepting (Belgium) and comparatively restricted (USA) Western drinking culture. A cross-sectional survey was administered among 770 college students (nUSA = 253, 24% male; nBelgium = 487, 34% male) aged 18–20 years. Structural equation modeling was used and demonstrated that the association between exposure to others’ alcohol-related content on social media and drinking intentions operated similarly via more positive descriptive and injunctive norms for both populations, whereas the association between self-sharing and drinking intentions operated similarly via more positive attitudes. However, only among Belgian students was sharing alcohol references also related to drinking intentions through descriptive norms. Overall, this study points to the generalizability of attitudes and social norms as mechanisms of alcohol-related social media (self-)effects among emerging adult college students across Western drinking cultures.
Capital Inflows; Macroeconomic Implications and Policy Responses

This paper examines the macroeconomic implications of, and policy responses to surges in private capital inflows across a large group of emerging and advanced economies. In particular, we identify 109 episodes of large net private capital inflows to 52 countries over 1987-2007. Episodes of large capital inflows are often associated with real exchange rate appreciations and deteriorating current account balances. More importantly, such episodes tend to be accompanied by an acceleration of GDP growth, but afterwards growth has often dropped significantly. A comprehensive assessment of various policy responses to the large inflow episodes leads to three major conclusions. First, keeping public expenditure growth steady during episodes can help limit real currency appreciation and foster better growth outcomes in their aftermath. Second, resisting nominal exchange rate appreciation through sterilized intervention is likely to be ineffective when the influx of capital is persistent. Third, tightening capital controls has not in general been associated with better outcomes.
Distance Sampling in R

Estimating the abundance and spatial distribution of animal and plant populations is essential for conservation and management. We introduce the R package Distance that implements distance sampling methods to estimate abundance. We describe how users can obtain estimates of abundance (and density) using the package as well documenting the links it provides with other more specialized R packages. We also demonstrate how Distance provides a migration pathway from previous software, thereby allowing us to deliver cutting-edge methods to the users more quickly.
Everything but the Kitchen Sink? Factors Associated With Local Economic Development Strategy Use

Rubin (1988) argued communities “shoot anything that flies and claim anything that falls” in their efforts to attract businesses. Such a perspective implies local governments will use large numbers of strategies as they try “everything but the kitchen sink” to promote job creation and private investment. Conversely, Stokan (2003) claims localities are more selective in how they approach economic development, which implies there should be wide variation in the number of development strategies used across jurisdictions. Based on original survey data from North Carolina cities and counties of all sizes, the findings provide support for both explanations. The data show localities vary considerably with respect to the number of strategies they employ. Notably, variation in strategy use is associated with certain community characteristics including government capacity and development network strength. However, the data also reveal that communities are, on average, utilizing a relatively high number of strategies, lending some credence to Rubin’s theory.
Mapping for meaning. Using concept maps to integrate clinical and basic sciences in medical education

Medical curricula are intended to help students to relate clinical and basic science knowledge. Localizing underlying basic science mechanisms allows teacher and students to focus on relevant relations with clinical phenomena. Concept maps are promising for medical education because of the potential to articulate integration of clinical and basic sciences. We examined therefore whether and to which extent integration of clinical and basic sciences is articulated in concept maps of groups of clinicians and basic scientists with different expertise levels and developed a framework of features that described integration. The concept maps of the groups of residents and basic scientists in training appeared to articulate integration to a higher extent than the concept maps of experienced clinicians and basic scientists. Clarifications for these results were found in the process of construction and the way the groups shared and communicated their knowledge. Investigation of both concept maps and the concept mapping process resulted in recommendations to improve instructions and procedure. In addition to the construction of concept maps, the usefulness of these concept maps for medical education is explored, by taking into account the views of both constructors and teachers who were not involved in the construction process.
Zarządzanie publicznymi instytucjami kultury w kontekście koncepcji corporate social responsibility (CSR). Społeczna odpowiedzialność muzeum

Streszczenie: Celem artykułu jest skonfrontowanie publicznego sektora kultury z koncepcją corporate social responsibility (CSR). Muzea publiczne z założenia traktowane są jako instytucje zaufania publicznego, w rzeczywistości nie określono jednak precyzyjnych kryteriów, które powinny spełniać jako instytucje odpowiedzialne społecznie. Dlatego w przeprowadzonym badaniu wykorzystano wybrane kategorie z obszaru CSR, analizując je w odniesieniu do rzeczywistości organizacyjnej muzeów publicznych.
Mining Boom, Labour Market Segmentation and Social Inequality in the Congolese Copperbelt

ABSTRACT The study of the impacts of new mining projects in Africa is generally set in a normative debate about their possible contribution to development, which leads to a representation of African societies as divided between beneficiaries and victims of foreign investments. Based on research in the Congolese copperbelt, this article aims to examine in more detail the inequalities generated by the recent mining boom by taking the processes of labour market segmentation as a starting point. It shows that the labour market in the mining sector has progressively been organized along three intersecting lines that divide it: the first is between employment in industrial and artisanal mining companies, the second is between jobs for mining or subcontracting companies and the third is between jobs for expatriates, Congolese skilled workers and local unskilled workers. Far from simply reflecting existing social inequalities, the labour market has been actively involved in their creation, and its control has caused growing tensions in the Congolese copperbelt region. Although largely neglected in the literature on extractive industries, processes of labour market segmentation are key to making sense of the impacts of mining investments on the shape of societies in the global South.
Who innovates with whom and why? Evidence from international collaboration in energy patenting

ABSTRACT The use of renewable and alternative energy technologies, which have the potential to reduce carbon emissions worldwide, is limited. Common environmental policy environments may encourage inventors to share the costs and risks needed to develop high quality energy technologies. In this work, I study the propensity to collaboratively innovate by examining counts of renewable energy and alternative energy patents from 1990–2013 that have multiple inventors that are located in more than one country. Results from a gravity model framework suggest that similarity in environmental regulations is an important, positive driver of collaboration in energy technologies. I find that this impact is driven by market-based environmental policies that give inventors the flexibility to seek out international partnerships. I provide evidence that market-based environmental policy similarity may encourage collaboration across geographic and cultural distances but may not encourage collaboration across technologically dissimilar nations.
Seeing with the Mind: The Relationship Between Spatial Ability and Inferring Dynamic Behaviour from Graphs

Research has shown that many individuals have difficulties solving tasks that involve a principal component of dynamic systems: accumulation. They incorrectly assume that the behavioural pattern of a stock resembles that of its flows and vice versa. This has become known as correlation heuristic reasoning.Much less is known about the underlying causes of this inability to correctly infer dynamic behaviour from graphs. We tested if two dimensions of spatial ability, spatial visualization and spatial relations, are related to selecting correct or correlation heuristic answers in tasks involving graphs over time. The analyses show that spatial visualization is positively related to performance in some systems thinking inventory tasks and is negatively related to responses that show correlation heuristic reasoning. We conclude by discussing avenues for future research into this phenomenon.
Virtual School Garden Exchange – thinking globally, gardening locally

This paper gives an overview of nine different Virtual School Garden Exchange (VSGE) projects. In VSGEs, learners from primary or secondary schools with school gardens exchange virtually on their garden experiences and related topics, using digital media like emails, photos, films, or videoconferences. In this manner, the global perspective of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) can be integrated in the school garden. ESD aims to enable children, young people, and adults to think and act in a sustainable manner. It puts people in a position to make decisions for the future and to estimate how their actions affect future generations or life elsewhere in the world. In this paper, the research procedures and main results of the preliminary study of my PhD research project are presented.
Teachers’ Pay for Performance in the Long-Run: The Dynamic Pattern of Treatment Effects on Students’ Educational and Labour Market Outcomes in Adulthood

This article examines the dynamic effects of a teachers’ pay for performance experiment on long-term outcomes at adulthood. The program led to a gradual increase in university education of the treated high school students, reaching an increase of 0.25 years of schooling by age 28–30. The effects on employment and earnings were initially negative, coinciding with a higher rate of enrolment in university, but became positive and significant with time. These gains are largely mediated by the positive effect of the program on several high school outcomes, including quantitative and qualitative gains in the high-stakes matriculation exams.
DIFFERENT USER GROUPS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THEIR ICT COMPETENCE: EVIDENCE FROM THREE COUNTRIES IN CENTRAL EUROPE

The preferences in the use of ICT at school and at home are varied among young people due to development of ICT in the 21st century environment. Educators need to pay attention to differences among groups of ICT users and their influence on teaching and the learning process. The purpose of this research was to identify the levels of ICT competence of university students and to assess differences in their use of ICT with special focus on social networks and mobile phones. The questionnaire survey at four universities in three countries was conducted to identify how university students use ICT for learning and out-of-school activities. The participants were 1348 university students. The obtained results only partially confirmed the general assumption that young people (Millennials) in contemporary society are characterized by skilled use of ICT in their everyday life. The application of cluster analysis found four different user groups according to their use of ICT in their life. Educators should be aware of the user groups’ differences among students and take them into account when planning, implementing and evaluating the teaching and learning process. Keywords: ICT competence, university students, ICT use, user groups.
Dynamics Of Heterogeneous Materials

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Who will defend democracy? Evaluating tradeoffs in candidate support among partisan donors and voters

ABSTRACT Scholars and pundits fear that the American public’s commitment to democracy is declining and that citizens are willing to embrace candidates who would trample democratic principles. We examine whether violations of those principles generate resistance from voters and/or top campaign donors and whether such resistance extends across partisan lines. In a conjoint survey experiment, we investigate how regular Americans and donor elites trade off partisanship, policy positions, and support for democratic values when choosing between hypothetical political candidates. Our findings indicate that both citizens and donors punish candidates who endorse violations of democratic principles irrespective of the candidate’s party. However, partisans react very differently to candidates who support voter identification laws that threaten access to the franchise. This polarized response is especially strong among donors. These results suggest that the public and donors may sometimes be willing to forgive transgressions against democratic norms that align with their partisan and policy preferences.
METHODS FOR COMPUTATION AND ANALYSIS OF MARKOVIAN DYNAMICS ON COMPLEX NETWORKS

A problem central to many scientific and engineering disciplines is how to deal with noisy dynamic processes that take place on networks. Examples include the ebb and flow of biochemical concentrations within cells, the firing patterns of neurons in the brain, and the spread of disease on social networks. In this thesis, we present a general formalism capable of representing many such problems by means of a master equation. Our study begins by synthesizing the literature to provide a toolkit of known mathematical and computational analysis techniques for dealing with this equation. Subsequently a novel exact numerical solution technique is developed, which can be orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art numerical solver. However, numerical solutions are only applicable to a small subset of processes on networks. Thus, many approximate solution techniques exist in the literature to deal with this problem. Unfortunately, no practical tools exist to quantitatively evaluate the quality of an approximate solution in a given system. Therefore, a statistical tool that is capable of evaluating any analytical or Monte Carlo based approximation to the master equation is developed herein. Finally, we note that larger networks