Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Electronic Translation of the LIWC Dictionary into Dutch

LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) is a text analysis tool developed by social psychologists but now widely used outside of psychology. The tool counts words in certain categories, as defined in an accompanying (English-language) dictionary. The most recent version of the dictionary was published in 2015. We present a pipeline for the automatic translation of LIWC dictionaries into Dutch. We first make an automated translation of the LIWC 2007 version and compare it to the manually translated version of this dictionary. Then we use the pipeline to translate the LIWC 2015 dictionary. We also present the provisional Dutch LIWC 2015 dictionary that results from the pipeline. Although a number of categories require further work, the dictionary should be usable for most research purposes.
HOXA10 knockdown inhibits proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through HDAC1

Background Homeobox A10 (HOXA10) has been implicated in the development and progression of various human cancers. However, the precise biological functions of HOXA10 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been defined. Methods In this study, we examined mRNA expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of HOXA10 as well as histone deacetylase (HDAC) and protein levels by Western blot of HOXA10, HDAC1, Cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Survivin and p53 acetylation in HCC tissues and cell lines. We also assessed cell proliferation using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and analyzed cell cycle by flow cytometry. Furthermore, tumor growth of HCC cells in vivo was monitored using the nude mouse xenograft model. Finally, HDAC1 promoter activity and binding in HCC cell lines were detected by luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), respectively. Results We uncovered the elevated expression of HOXA10 in HCC tissues compared to adjacent normal liver tissues. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of HOXA10 inhibited HCC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. HOXA10 knockdown also induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis, which were accompanied with the reduced expression of Cyclin D1, PCNA and Survivin. Notably, HOXA10 knockdown enhanced p53 acetylation (Lys382), which is crucial to the activation of p53. Likewise, HOXA10 knockdown suppressed the transcription of HDAC1, a potential deacetylase for p53. In line with these observations, HDAC1 downregulation abrogated the effects of HOXA10 overexpression on proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and p53 acetylation, indicating the role of HDAC1 in mediating HOXA10 functions. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that HOXA10 knockdown inhibits proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCC cells by regulating HDAC1 transcription.
Intercomparison of biomass burning aerosol optical properties from in situ and remote-sensing instruments in ORACLES-2016

Abstract. The total effect of aerosols, both directly and on cloud properties, remains the biggest source of uncertainty in anthropogenic radiative forcing on the climate. Correct characterization of intensive aerosol optical properties, particularly in conditions where absorbing aerosol is present, is a crucial factor in quantifying these effects. The southeast Atlantic Ocean (SEA), with seasonal biomass burning smoke plumes overlying and mixing with a persistent stratocumulus cloud deck, offers an excellent natural laboratory to make the observations necessary to understand the complexities of aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions. The first field deployment of the NASA ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) campaign was conducted in September of 2016 out of Walvis Bay, Namibia. Data collected during ORACLES-2016 are used to derive aerosol properties from an unprecedented number of simultaneous measurement techniques over this region. Here, we present results from six of the eight independent instruments or instrument combinations, all applied to measure or retrieve aerosol absorption and single-scattering albedo. Most but not all of the biomass burning aerosol was located in the free troposphere, in relative humidities typically ranging up to 60 %. We present the single-scattering albedo (SSA), absorbing and total aerosol optical depth (AAOD and AOD), and absorption, scattering, and extinction Ångström exponents (AAE, SAE, and EAE, respectively) for specific case studies looking at near-coincident and near-colocated measurements from multiple instruments, and SSAs for the broader campaign average over the month-long deployment. For the case studies, we find that SSA agrees within the measurement uncertainties between multiple instruments, though, over all cases, there is no strong correlation between values reported by one instrument and another. We also find that agreement between the instruments is more robust at higher aerosol loading (AOD400>0.4). The campaign-wide average and range shows differences in the values measured by each instrument. We find the ORACLES-2016 campaign-average SSA at 500 nm (SSA500) to be between 0.85 and 0.88, depending on the instrument considered (4STAR, AirMSPI, or in situ measurements), with the interquartile ranges for all instruments between 0.83 and 0.89. This is consistent with previous September values reported over the region (between 0.84 and 0.90 for SSA at 550nm). The results suggest that the differences observed in the campaign-average values may be dominated by instrument-specific spatial sampling differences and the natural physical variability in aerosol conditions over the SEA, rather than fundamental methodological differences.
Significant climate impacts of aerosol changes driven by growth in energy use and advances in emission control technology

Abstract. Anthropogenic aerosols have increased significantly since the industrial revolution, driven largely by growth in emissions from energy use in sectors including power generation, industry, and transport. Advances in emission control technologies since around 1970, however, have partially counteracted emissions increases from the above sectors. Using the fully coupled Community Earth System Model, we quantify the effective radiative forcing (ERF) and climate response to 1970–2010 aerosol changes associated with the above two policy-relevant emission drivers. Emissions from energy-use growth generate a global mean aerosol ERF (mean ± 1 standard deviation) of -0.31±0.22 W m−2 and result in a global mean cooling (-0.35±0.17 K) and a precipitation reduction (-0.03±0.02 mm d−1). By contrast, the avoided emissions from advances in emission control technology, which benefit air quality, generate a global mean ERF of +0.21±0.23 W m−2, a global warming of +0.10±0.13 K, and global mean precipitation increase of +0.01±0.02 mm d−1. Despite the relatively small changes in global mean precipitation, these two emission drivers have profound impacts at regional scales, in particular over Asia and Europe. The total net aerosol impacts on climate are dominated by energy-use growth, from Asia in particular. However, technology advances outweigh energy-use growth over Europe and North America. Various non-linear processes are involved along the pathway from aerosol and their precursor emissions to radiative forcing and ultimately to climate responses, suggesting that the diagnosed aerosol forcing and effects must be interpreted in the context of experiment designs. Further, the temperature response per unit aerosol ERF varies significantly across many factors, including location and magnitude of emission changes, implying that ERF, and the related metrics, needs to be used very carefully for aerosols. Future aerosol-related emission pathways have large temporal and spatial uncertainties; our findings provide useful information for both assessing and interpreting such uncertainties, and they may help inform future climate change impact reduction strategies.
Copper Dissolution from Black Copper Ore under Oxidizing and Reducing Conditions

Black copper oxides are amorphous materials of copper-bearing phases of manganese. They are complex mineral compounds with difficult to recognize mineralogy and have slow dissolution kinetics in conventional hydrometallurgical processes. This study evaluates the effects of various leaching media on copper dissolution from black copper minerals. Leach of a pure black copper sample from Lomas Bayas Mine and another from a regional mine were characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Qemscan and mechanically prepared for acid leaching under standard, oxidizing and reducing conditions through the addition of oxygen, iron sulfate or sulfur dioxide, respectively. Standard and high potential leaching (770 mV (SHE)) results in a copper dissolution rate of 70% and manganese dissolution rate of 2%. The addition of potential reducing agents (FeSO4 or SO2) decreases the redox potential to 696 and 431 mV, respectively, and favors the dissolution of manganese, thus increasing the overall copper extraction rate. The addition of SO2 results in the lowest redox potential and the highest copper extraction rates of 86.2% and 75.5% for the Lomas Bayas and regional samples, respectively, which represent an increase of 15% over the copper extract rates under standard and oxidizing conditions.
Comparing extraction efficacy of different solvents to extract Acorus calamus by using HPLC

Acorus calamus L. (A. calamus) is an herbaceous perennial plant, cultivated in the wetland where the water stagnation is possible. The solvent extract of A. calamus rhizome has shown insecticidal activity against many insects. The β-asarone was the predominant bioactive compound responsible for insecticidal action. The aim of this study is to identify the efficiency of different solvent to extract βasarone from A. calamus rhizome. The extraction was done using soxhlet apparatus with a different solvent like chloroform, acetone, methanol, hexane and ethyl acetate. The amount of βasarone present in each extract was quantified with High Performance Liquid Chromatography– Photo Diode Array (HPLC-PDA). Among the solvent extract tested, the result revealed that extraction efficiency follows the order: methanol> ethyl acetate>hexane>acetone>chloroform. The βasarone was highest in methanol extract 9,80,840 μg g (98.08%). The minimum extraction efficiency was recorded in chloroform extract 88,872μg g (8.88%). The extraction efficacy was high in polar solvent like methanol followed by dipolar aprotic solvents like ethyl acetate and acetone. The less extraction efficiency was observed in non-polar solvent like chloroform.
The influence of preparation method of char supported metallic Ni catalysts on the catalytic performance for reforming of biomass tar

The char‐supported nickel catalysts prepared by wet impregnation and precipitation‐deposition methods under different nickel loadings and catalytic temperatures for catalytic reforming of rice husk tar were investigated. The influences of preparation methods on the physicochemical properties of catalysts and catalytic activity towards tar conversion and gas yield were studied. The results showed that char‐supported metallic Ni catalysts can be directly used without a reduction process because of carbon thermal reaction during calcination. The preparation method had a significant influence on the porosity and Ni dispersion of catalysts. The addition of Ni to char improved the specific surface area from 60 m2 g−1 to 346.8 m2 g−1 because of activation effect of nickel nitrate on char pore structure. The precipitation‐deposition method produced higher surface area, smaller Ni nanoparticulates with more corner and step sites, as well as more concentrated size distribution than those of wet impregnation method, leading to higher catalytic activity, in terms of high tar conversion efficiency (83%) and increasing syngas yield. The selectivity to phenols and naphthalene for precipitation‐deposited catalysts was strengthened, and the relative content of heavy tars was decreased remarkably. The increasing H2 yield and concentration were indicative of efficient conversion of macromolecular organic matters into small molecules gases. In addition, the precipitation‐deposited catalyst exhibited weaker Ni sintering after reaction. The catalytic cracking temperature of 800°C and Ni loading of 10 wt% exhibited the best catalytic effects on gas distribution and tar conversion.
Effects of Salinity on the Growth and Development of Groundnut PlANT (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The present study investigated the effects of salinity on the growth of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), variety BARI Badam-8. The plants were grown in a series of plastic pots under controlled light and temperature conditions in the growth room. Salt (NaCl) solutions of different concentrations (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM, and 250 mM) were added to the pots, with three replicates. Results showed that shoot height, number of plants, main root length and lateral root length significantly decreased with the increase of salt concentrations. Fresh weight as well as dry weight of shoots and roots also decreased with the increase of salt concentrations while leaf proline and protein concentrations increased. Overall results indicate that high salinity condition is not suitable for growing groundnut. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 1, 25-30, 2019
Reducing entrainment of sericite in fine flaky graphite flotation using polyalurninum chloride

Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was introduced as a flocculant to reduce the entrainment of sericite gangue in fine flaky graphite flotation. The dispersion and aggregation behaviours of sericite and fine flaky graphite in the absence and presence of PACl were studied by settling experiments and verified by optical microscope images. Results of batch flotation tests for artificial mixtures indicated that the addition of PACl decreased the recovery of sericite gangue and the water recovery. Zeta potential measurements, FTIR and XPS analyses revealed that PACl selectively aggregated sericite particles in terms of charge neutralization and precipitate enmeshment.
Developing Instruction Materials Based on Joyful PBL to Improve Students Mathematical Representation Ability

Solving problem either within mathematics or beyond is one of the ultimate goal students learn mathematics. It is since mathematics takes role tool as well as vehicle to develop problem solving ability. One of the supporting components to problem solving is mathematical representation ability (MRA). Nowadays, many teachers and researchers find out secondary school students are so poor in MRA. Considering the problem, this research developed instruction materials based on Joyful Problem-based learning (JPBL) to endorse eighth graders of public secondary school students grasp their MRA. The study took place in the Province of North Sumatera, Indonesia. A number of 88 students engaged as subjects. The study administered MRA test before and after implementing the instruction materials. Data is analyzed descriptively and by t-test. The result showed that the learning materials developed is effective in improving the students’ MRA. It increased significantly, though categorized mediocre. The study contributed to the existing instruction materials in pursuing MRA.
Possible Influence of Agriculture
on an Unsaturated Zone in Croatia

Soil contamination in the agricultural areas developed on open aquifer systems can be environmental problem. The subject of this study is the Cambisol soil developed in the area of the Velika Gorica well field. The aim of this research was to determine possible agricultural influence on the unsaturated zone of the Zagreb aquifer area where Cambisol soil is developed. Concentrations of potentially toxic metals (Cu, Cd and Zn) and major cations and anions (Na+, K+, NH4 +, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3 -, and SO4 2-) were determined in soil horizons. Correlations between physical and chemical soil properties, analysed ions and potentially toxic metals were made. Samples that were closer to the surface showed increased element concentrations, indicating the increased impact of agricultural activities in the research area. All analysed potentially toxic metals showed highest concentrations in residual fraction, which indicates the possible influence of agricultural activities such as usage of fertilizers, manure, sludge as soil fertilizer and fungicides, or point sources of contamination, uncontrolled, active or untended waste dumps and aerodeposition. Statistical analysis showed strong correlations between the concentrations of the studied potentially toxic metals and some soil properties such as soil texture, pH and organic matter. In addition, correlation results between nitrates and some potentially toxic metals such as Cu and Zn indicate that these elements come from the same source of contamination, in this case probably agricultural activity. Even though the influence of agricultural activities is recognized, all results show that the impact is decreasing after approximately 0.8 m depth.
Allelopathic property of Parthenin on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare).

Allelopathic effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on seed germination and seedling growth of two crops wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) was studied at the concentrations level of 0%, 1%, 5% and 10% leaf, stem, flower and root extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus. Seed germination of wheat and barley was completely inhibited at 10% of all extract of Parthenium hysterophorus especially on flower extract. The seed germination, plumule, radicle length production were reduced with increasing concentration of aqueous solution. As per this study, increasing concentration of extract of Parthenium hysterophorus has adverse effect on germination, radicle length, and plumule length. Root and shoot length of seedlings decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing concentration of parthenium. Maximum root (7.00 cm) for wheat and (5.5 cm) for barley and shoot length (6.00 cm) for both wheat and barley were obtained for control (0%) in which the value reduced to 0 cm for both of them at a higher parthenium concentration 10%, respectively. Qualitative analysis of aqueous parthenium hysterophorus leaf, root, stem and flower extract was studied for the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloid, steroid, sterols, glycosides, tannin, phenolic, compounds, flavonoid, oil, carbohydrate, protein, amino acid and were determined by testing with chemical laboratory in the presence of reagent
Fertilization of Tifton 85 with Swine Liquid Manure

The objective was to verify the possibility of supplying the nutritional requirement of Tifton 85 grass with swine liquid manure in an intensive management system. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with four treatments of swine liquid manure doses: 0, 70, 140 and 210 m3·ha-1, divided into seven applications and a treatment of mineral fertilization of 200 kg of nitrogen ha-1·year-1. Samples of the collected plant material were weighed to obtain fresh mass taken for drying and then ground for bromatological determination. The dry mass production data were obtained by dry matter accumulation during the cuts and averages were made for the variables; plant height, crude protein, NDF, ADF, neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP) and acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP). The data were subjected to variance analysis, performing regression for swine liquid manure doses and averages test (Dunnett test) to compare the doses with the mineral fertilization. Higher plant heights, dry mass production, crude protein content, neutral detergent insoluble protein content and lower neutral detergent fiber content in Tifton 85 grass were observed with mineral fertilization. In the variables, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent insoluble protein there was no difference (P = 0.05) between the mineral fertilization and the swine liquid manure doses. There was a linear increase (P = 0.05) of swine liquid manure doses only in dry matter production. Swine liquid manure doses up to 210 m3·ha-1·year-1 do not meet the entire nutritional requirement of Tifton 85 grass, recommending the evaluation of higher swine liquid manure doses or complementation with mineral fertilization.
Functional evaluation in high energy (Schatzker Type IV, V, VI) tibial plateau fractures treated by open reduction internal fixation

Introduction: Aim of the study is to find functional outcome of high energy (Schatzker type IV, V, VI) tibial plateau fracture after open reduction internal fixation and to study the complications following open reduction internal fixation. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study carried out at our institute on 50 patients having tibial plateau fractures Schatzker type IV, V, VI from November 2016 to December 2018. Results will be evaluated with respect to the frequency of side of injury, frequency of type of fracture, frequency of method of treatment, clinical results, radiological results and IKDC score. Result: IKDC subjective knee evaluation score was within 37 to 60 with mean of 53.1 at 3 months follow-up. At 6 months the IKDC subjective knee evaluation was within 40 to 67 with mean of 58.6. Conclusion: Open reduction internal fixation can restore the maximal joint stability and congruity. Although weight bearing is delayed till solid bone union is evident, patient should be encouraged to regularly carry out both passive and active range of movements of the affected knee joint for cartilage nourishment and preservation. At 6 months the IKDC subjective knee evaluation was within 40 to 67 with mean of 58.6.
Activity Coefficient of Solution Components and Salts as Special Osmolyte from Kirkwood-Buff Theoretical Perspective

Background: There has been different interpretation of kosmotropes and chaotropes without concern for the physicochemical characteristics of the macromolecule and for the link between Hofmeister phenomena with solution structure. The objectives of this research are: 1) To investigate different ways of determining activity coefficient and activity of ionic osmolyte 2), to present a common theoretical basis for the interaction between reaction mixture components and Hofmeister phenomena and 3) determine the preferential interaction parameters and the Kirkwood-Buff integrals. Methods: A major theoretical research and partly experimental. Results and Discussion: Some equations in literature gave different values of activity coefficient and activity of solution components. The preferential interaction by binding is positive with ethanol only and at its higher concentration in the presence of ideal solution of different concentration of calcium chloride. There was positive m-value with ethanol. It was negative m-value in the presence of preferentially binding species, calcium ion and ethanol as against the excluded chloride ion. There was negative and positive change of solvation preference and interaction parameter due respectively to ethanol only and a mixture of it and the salt. Conclusion: Selected equations in literature may not give the same values of activity coefficient and activity of solution components. The presence of stabilising osmolyte, salt, and ethanol may not always yield positive m-values. The sign of the change of solvation preference with either binary or ternary mixture of osmolytes and, the cognate interaction parameter, may be a better indicator of the stability of a macromolecule. The kosmotropes and chaotropes may be cationic or anionic and their deficit or otherwise around the macromolecule and consequence, depend largely on net charge on the macromolecule at a given pH.