Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conflict of Interest: The Attitude of Iranian Physicians Involved in Breast Cancer Management

Background: Evidence on physicians' attitude toward conflict of interest is scant on a global scale and almost non-existent in a regional/national scale. This investigation is a pioneer to evaluate this issue in the Middle East and Iran.Methods: We invited physicians of different (sub)specialties/educational levels who were engaged in breast cancer management to take an online 13-question survey regarding their attitude toward different statements on conflict of interest. The responses were then collected and analyzed.Results: The questionnaire was returned by 91 out of 157 recipients (response rate = 57.9%). Based on the answers, advertisement by pharmaceutical sales representatives in academia was considered inappropriate (63.8%) and influential on clinical practice (80.2%). It was the belief of 59.4% of participants that local practice norms defined whether or not to accept travel grants. According to these norms, they might have accepted paid travels (53.9%), but not financial offers (72.2%). It was acceptable to deliver (74.8%) or attend (68.9%) a speech when a financial/scientific relationship with industrial companies existed and 93.4% believed that the disclosure and transparency rules should be respected in such situations. Physician-industry financial contracts were generally unfavorable (60.5%), especially when it came to prescribing a drug among other equally effective choices (71.1%). The majority of respondents (92.3%) stated that they would choose the best approach for the patients regardless of possible prejudgments on conflict of interest.Conclusion: The observed variation in physicians' standpoints highlights the necessity for more comprehensive training and implementation of rigorous protocols regarding conflict of interest.
EFL Teachers’ Levels of Reflective Teaching and their Conceptions of Teaching and Learning

While most teacher educators and researchers have highlighted the importance of applying a reflective teaching approach and identifying Conceptions of Teaching and Learning (CTL), providing opportunities to achieve these goals is ignored by syllabus designers and teachers. The current study is an attempt to focus on the relation between EFL teachers’ reflective levels and CTL. To collect the required data a sample of 30 EFL teachers (15males and 15 females) was chosen randomly to participate in the study. The data were collected via classroom observation and TLCQ questionnaire. Then the data were analyzed by SPSS software through descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, percentage, Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The analysis of the data revealed that EFL teachers are at the medium level of practicing reflective teaching. Also EFL teachers’ CTL are approximately in the middle of being teacher-centered and learner-centered with tendencies towards learner-centered conception. In addition, the more reflective the teachers, the more learner-centered they are. The outcomes of the study could facilitates and fosters teachers’ practice in the classroom for the purpose of professional development in effective teaching; therefore, teacher education programs and methodology courses can take advantage of reflective teaching approach for preparing more reflective and learner-centered teachers which will finally lead to the improvement of educational system of teaching EFL.
The use of quantile trees in the prediction of the diameter distribution of a stand

This study deals with the prediction of the basal area diameter distribution of a stand without using a complete sample of diameters from the target stand. Traditionally, this problem has been solved by either the parameter recovery method or the parameter prediction method. This study uses the parameter prediction method and the percentile based diameter distribution with a recent development that makes it possible to improve these predictions by using sample order statistics. A sample order statistic is a tree whose diameter and rank at the plot are known, and is referred to in this paper as a quantile tree. This study tested 13 different strategies for selection of the quantile trees from among the trees of horizontal point sample plots, and compared them with respect to RMSE and the bias of four criterion variables in a dataset of 512 stands. The sample minimum was found to be the most promising alternative with respect to RMSE, even though it introduced a rather large amount of bias in the criterion variables. Other good and less biased alternatives are the second and third smallest trees and the tree closest to the plot centre. The use of minimum is recommended for practical inventories because its rank is probably easiest to determine correctly in the field.
Entrepreneurial orientation of sport coaches in Gauteng Province, South Africa

There is general consensus among entrepreneurship scholars that entrepreneurial orientation is associated with entrepreneurial activity. However, it is equally acknowledged that entrepreneurial processes are a consequence of many contextual factors. This study was carried out to explore the entrepreneurial orientation of sport coaches while arguing that sport coaches should approach their careers from an entrepreneurial angle given the uncertain and demanding conditions under which they perform their duties. A questionnaire was administered to 200 professional South African sport coaches. Frequencies were used to describe the demographic profile of the respondents and exploratory factor analysis was used to explain the entrepreneurial orientation of the coaches. Six factors, namely creativity, open-mindedness, determination, self-starter, risk taker, and discipline regarding the entrepreneurial orientation of coaches were identified. Notwithstanding the multi-dimensional nature of entrepreneurial orientation, the findings indicate that the sport coaches to a certain extent are entrepreneurially oriented. From the current research it was encouraging to note that the entrepreneurial orientation of sport coaches appears to be positive. It was therefore concluded that there is a need to create a favourable environment that will enhance the likelihood of sport coaches to engage in entrepreneurial activities.
Assessment of clinical pharmacist intervention to improve compliance and health care outcomes of tuberculosis patients

Tuberculosis is defined as "highly contagious infection caused by the bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Symptoms are usually associated with a persistent cough lasting for two or more weeks with thick mucus, which may be bloody, breathlessness, unusual weight loss, lack of appetite, night sweating, fever, fatigue. Patient education helps to assist the patient, in identifying and preventing the Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) and help them in using their medication appropriately. Patient education is important in Indian setup because many patients are illiterate and comes from low socio-economic background. The prime reasons identified for prognosis are inadequate education to patients, poor adherence to the medications. The nine months prospective study was conducted and enrolled patients were randomly divided in to two groups i.e. Intervention and Control groups. Out of 120 patients enrolled, 114 patients completed the study. Among 114 patients 81 (71.06%) were males and 33 (28.94%) were females. Comparatively the knowledge and drug adherence score of the Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) patients of intervention group shows more improvement from baseline to I and II Follow ups which is statistically significant than the control group. Sputum examination outcomes: out of 114 patients, 46 (80.71%) were had turned sputum positive to negative in Intervention group, 25 (43.86%) were had turned sputum positive to negative in control group. The study concludes that pharmacist provided patient education found to have significant influence on patients compliance and health care outcomes.
Analysis of Maritime piracy and Armed Robbery in the Gulf of Guinea Maritime Domain

The Gulf of Guinea in the past 14 years witnessed serious challenges of maritime piracy and armed robbery attacks. The paper analyzed maritime piracy and armed robbery in the Gulf of Guinea region from 2002 to 2015. Time series data of 14 years on the reported piracy and armed robbery attacks in the 15 Gulf of Guinea countries and nine coastal zones of Nigeria were obtained from International Maritime Bureau annual reports. Trend analysis model and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data. It was found that there was significant variation in piracy and armed robbery attacks among the Gulf of Guinea countries, the greatest of attacks occurred in Nigeria. There was also a significant variation in piracy attacks among the coastal zones of Nigeria with attacks in Lagos ports and anchorages being highest within the period. There exists decreasing trend of attacks within the
Corporate Governance in Family Businesses: The Role of the Non-Executive and Independent Directors

The paper investigates the challenges faced by Non-Executive and Independent Directors in ensuring that good corporate governance practices are adhered to in non-listed Ghanaian family business at all times using non-listed family business in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The findings revealed that the presence of non-executive and independent directors had no significant effect on the performance of non-listed family businesses in Ghana since they were dormant in most of the roles expected to be discharged by them and active in only few responsibilities or roles. It is also discovered that the boards of non-listed family businesses meet only when there is a problem to solve and not regularly. The owner-manager-chief executive office-board chairman, makes all decisions and ensures its implementation. The results draw the attention of policy makers to the position of non-executive and independent directors in family businesses given the enormous positive contribution they play to the economic development of the nations and their contributions to the society in general.
GEOCHEMISTRY, TECTONO-MAGMATIC DISCRIMINATION AND RADIOLARIAN AGES OF BASIC EXTRUSIVES WITHIN THE IZMIR-ANKARA SUTURE BELT (NW TURKEY): TIME CONSTRAINTS FOR THE NEOTETHYAN EVOLUTION

The Dagkuplu Melange in the Central Sakarya Valley represents the northernmost outcrops of the Izmir-Ankara Suture Belt in northwest Anatolia. In addition to blocks and slivers of serpentinite, gabbro, blueschist, neritic and pelagic limestones, it includes blocks of basic volcanic rocks associated with radiolarian cherts, pelagic carbonates and mudstones. The preliminary geochemical data revealed the existence of a variety of basaltic rocks with magma types ranging in composition of MORB, IAT, OIB and CAB, in the melange. The age of the radiolarian assemblage from a tectonic block of chert-mudstone alternation associated with OIB-type basalts within the melange is assigned to early Berriasian - early Hauterivian, based on the co-occurrence of radiolarian taxa as Angulobracchia sp. cf. A. (? ) portmanni, Godia nodocentrum, Pantanellium masirahense, Thanarla brouweri, Pseudoeucyrtis hanni, Svinitzium mizutanii, Mirifusus dianae s.l. , Tethysetta boesii. Another block of chert-mudstone alternation associated with MORB-type basalts includes the following Cenomanian radiolarian fauna: Thanarla pulchra, Novixitus mclaughlini, Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala, Pseudodictyomitra tiara, Stichomitra communis. New findings from the Central Sakarya area combined with previous data of the authors reveal that the Izmir-Ankara Ocean started to open already in the Late Triassic. The formation of OIB-type intra-plate seamounts within the Izmir-Ankara Ocean began in late Bathonian and persisted until early Aptian. The the intra-oceanic subduction and the generation of supra-subduction-type volcanism started in early Santonian and the spreading-ridge of the Izmir-Ankara Ocean plate was not subducted until the Cenomanian.
The effect of season and production systems on qualitative and quantitative properties of milk produced in dairy farms of Yazd province

Received: May 2013, Accepted: November 2013 Background: Since milk is considered as one of the most common foods in human life, this research aimed to evaluate the quality of milk produced in traditional and industrial dairy farms of Yazd province in 2007. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, six farms were selected in the cities Sadoogh, Yazd and Mehriz and sampling was performed in each of them bimonthly throughout one year. The samples were taken directly from udder, storage tanks (industrial farms) and containers (traditional farms) and were immediately sent to laboratory stored in ice. Total cell count was determined by bacterial culture test. Protein and fat percent, specific gravity (g/cm 3) and freezing point (oC) were also measured. Results: The results showed a significant increase in total cell count of samples at the time of shipment compared to those taken from udder (P<0.001). The total count in autumn and traditional farms was significantly higher than those in spring and industrial farms (P<0.01). Fat and protein percent, specific gravity and freezing point of milk showed the lowest and the highest significant values in summer and winter, respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the low quality of milk in summertime could be improved by good management and implementing of proper feeding programs in dairy farms. It is possible to decrease microbial load to an acceptable level, particularly in traditional farms, by extension of new and efficient methods to farmers for disinfection and proper washing and drying of teat and mammary glands, tools and equipments used in milking along with immediate cooling of milk after milking.
Toward accurate modelling of the non-linear matter bispectrum: standard perturbation theory and transients from initial conditions

Accurate modeling of nonlinearities in the galaxy bispectrum, the Fourier transform of the galaxy three-point correlation function, is essential to fully exploit it as a cosmological probe. In this paper, we present numerical and theoretical challenges in modeling the nonlinear bispectrum. First, we test the robustness of the matter bispectrum measured from N-body simulations using different initial conditions generators. We run a suite of N-body simulations using the Zel'dovich approximation and second-order Lagrangian perturbation theory (2LPT) at different starting redshifts, and find that transients from initial decaying modes systematically reduce the nonlinearities in the matter bispectrum. To achieve 1% accuracy in the matter bispectrum for $z\le3$ on scales $k<1$ $h$/Mpc, 2LPT initial conditions generator with initial redshift of $z\gtrsim100$ is required. We then compare various analytical formulas and empirical fitting functions for modeling the nonlinear matter bispectrum, and discuss the regimes for which each is valid. We find that the next-to-leading order (one-loop) correction from standard perturbation theory matches with N-body results on quasi-linear scales for $z\ge1$. We find that the fitting formula in Gil-Mar\'{\i}n et al. (2012) accurately predicts the matter bispectrum for $z\le1$ on a wide range of scales, but at higher redshifts, the fitting formula given in Scoccimarro & Couchman (2001) gives the best agreement with measurements from N-body simulations.
PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF OUTCOME OF DEPRESSED SKULL FRACTURE AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Background: Many changes and improvements have taken place in the management of patients with head injury in the past 20 years. The introduction of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) training program, which started in 1980, helped in better understanding of management of trauma patient. By preventing injury, limiting trauma, and treating early, we can achieve good outcome in patients with head injury. Aims and Objectives: To study the various associated intracranial injury with depressed skull fracture (DSF) and to establish a plan of management of DSF. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was undertaken on 50 patients with DFS visiting Department of Surgery at Sir Sayajirao General Hospital and Medical College, Baroda, from January 2010 to March 2012. The patients selected for this study belonged to all age groups and had clinically palpable DSF. The CT scan showed DFS. The principles of management were conservative as well as operative, depending on the type of fracture. Results: Out of 50 patients, 32% were aged between 21 and 30 years; 94% were men and 6% were women. Vehicular accidents were the cause in 30 (60%) patients, whereas 8 (16%) patients witnessed assault. Extradural hematoma was reported in two (11.11%) patients. Of 42 cases of mild head injury, 29 were managed conservatively and 13 were operated. Six cases had severe head injury; three were operated; and three were treated conservatively. Conclusion: Early definitive diagnosis and management of skull fracture decrease morbidity and mortality as well as help achieving
Minimal Supersolutions of Convex BSDEs

We study the nonlinear operator of mapping the terminal value $\xi$ to the corresponding minimal supersolution of a backward stochastic differential equation with the generator being monotone in $y$, convex in $z$, jointly lower semicontinuous and bounded below by an affine function of the control variable $z$. We show existence, uniqueness, monotone convergence, Fatou's lemma and lower semicontinuity of this operator. We provide a comparison principle for minimal supersolutions of BSDEs.
Examining phonological awareness in deaf children who are learning to read in a transparent orthography: evidence from Greek*

This paper investigates the development of phonological awareness in Greek deaf children. A battery of phonological awareness tasks that assessed syllable, rhyme and phoneme awareness was administered to one group of deaf preschoolers (n = 13, CA = 5;9), one group of deaf children in primary school (n = 11, CA = 7;8) and two hearing comparison groups. The results showed that deaf preschoolers did not have phonological awareness at any linguistic level. After an average of 21 months of literacy instruction, deaf children had developed syllable awareness.
Investigation on Maximum Available Reach for Different Modulation Formats in WDM-PON Systems

Abstract Considering the growing demand for broadband of access networks, in the present paper we investigate various modulation formats as a way of increasing the performance of optical transmission systems. Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) on-off keying, return-to-zero (RZ) OOK, carrier suppressed RZ (CSRZ) OOK, duobinary (DB), NRZ differential phase shift keying (NRZDPSK), RZ-DPSK and CSRZ-DPSK formats are compared using the maximal achievable reach with bit error rate less than 10−9 as a criterion. Simulations are performed by using OptSim software tool. It is shown that using the transmission system without dispersion compensation the best results are shown by duobinary and CSRZ-OOK modulation formats, but with the system using dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) the longest transmission distance is achieved by RZ-DPSK modulation format. By investigating the influence of channel spacing for best-performed modulation formats, network reach decrease for transmission systems with DCF fiber has been observed due to channel crosstalk.
Discoloration in poplar tree and production of sprouts after harvest

Poplar is distributed widely throughout the world. There are about 30 natural species. Taxonomically poplars are divided into six groups. Poplar tree can be 200-300 years old. Normally two sets of 19 chromosomes are present in the nucleus of Poplar, while the size of genome is remarkably small. Poplar is a fast growing species. Poplar species are deciduous and semi evergreen and are distributed widely on the northern hemisphere. Poplars have various ecological habitats. They can grow in pure stands or mixed with other hardwood and conifer species. Poplars are also used in short rotation forestry for production of biomass for bio energy, fiber and environmental services. The short rotation forestry in Sweden is based on Salix but in this study the focus is on poplar. Discoloration occurs normally in the core wood for most poplar species. Present thesis is made in order to study the distribution of the discoloration for poplars. In the study 36 poplar trees from three provinces in Sweden (Lat. 56-60˚ N.) were measured. Discs were collected at different percentages of different stem height. The objective of work was to observe the relationship of discoloration with diameter and height of poplar tree. Besides these 36 sample trees, a clear felled poplar stand at Valsatra in Uppsala Municipality was studied. Diameter and discoloration on 110 stumps were measured. In the third part the measurements of shootings of poplar species in Valsatra are shown. The discoloration in stems was directly proportional with the height of the tree. The percentage of discoloration in a stem decreased with increasing tree height.
ACE I/D (Rs1799752), MTHFR C677T (Rs1801133), and CCR5 D32 (Rs333) Genes and their Association with Hypertension and Diabetic Nephropathy in Urban Areas of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Mexico

Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a procoagulant state because it is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence in thrombotic markers that lead to hypercoagulability and its association with hypertension and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Objective: To determine the association of molecular markers: (insertion/deletion) of the ACE gene Rs1799752, CCR5 D32 Rs333, and MTHFR C677T Rs1801133 with hypertension and DN in T2DM patients of urban areas in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Mexico. Materials and methods: A total of 521 samples of diabetic patients were collected: 132 from Costa Rica, 192 from Nicaragua, and 197 from Mexico. Results: A high prevalence of ACE genotype D/D (p < 0.001) and CCR5 (p < 0.001) in T2DM patients from the three different countries was found. The CCR5 D32/D32 genotype was seen in the population of Costa Rica. The prevalence of hypertension was 57.7% and nephropathy was 34% in overall T2DM patients. A statistical association was found; ACE polymorphism has significance with cardiovascular disease (CVD) p = 0.02, CCR5 D32 with dyslipidemia (p = 0.008), and hypertension (p = 0.022). Conclusion: It is important to know the role of ACE and CCR5 molecular markers and their possible association with the development of microvascular complications in our populations.
Zircon record of the plutonic-volcanic connection and protracted rhyolite melt evolution

The potential petrogenetic link between a crystal-poor rhyolite (the Rhyolite Canyon Tuff) and its associated subvolcanic intrusion and crystal-rich post-caldera lavas from Turkey Creek, Arizona (USA), is examined using zircon chemical abrasion–thermal ionization mass spectrometry U-Pb geochronology and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry trace element analyses. U-Pb ages indicate that zircon growth within the rhyolite and the dacite-monzonite porphyry magmas was coeval over ∼300 k.y. prior to the large eruptive event. Trends in zircon trace elements (Hf, Y/Dy, Sm/Yb, Eu/Eu*) through time in the dacitic-monzonitic units and rhyolite reflect melt evolution dominated by crystal fractionation. Importantly, the Y/Dy ratio in zircons in both units remains mostly similar for the first ∼150 k.y. of the system’s evolution, but the dominant population in the rhyolitic unit diverges from that of the dacite-monzonite porphyry ∼150 k.y. before eruption. We interpret this divergence in trace element composition to record the assembly time of the melt-rich cap within its intermediate mush zone in the upper crustal reservoir. These results are consistent with (1) a connection between plutonic and volcanic realms in the upper crust, (2) a protracted time scale for constructing an intermediate mush large enough to hold 500 km 3 of rhyolite, and (3) the prolonged extraction of that melt prior to eruption.