Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of demagnetization faults in surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors with symmetric windings

This paper analyzes a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor with symmetric winding configuration running under demagnetization fault. The analysis is based on 2D FEM simulations which includes rotor magnet skewed effects. Two types of demagnetization are analyzed; uniform and local demagnetization. It is proposed the use of zero-sequence voltage component for fault diagnosis purposes. Simulations and experimental results show the suitability of the method.
The Role of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1B in Integrin Signaling*

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key negative regulator of insulin and leptin signaling and a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other associated metabolic syndromes. Because PTP1B regulates multiple signal pathways and it can both enhance and antagonize a cellular event, it is important to establish the physiological relevance of PTP1B in these processes. In this study, we utilize potent and selective PTP1B inhibitors to delineate the role of PTP1B in integrin signaling. We show that down-regulation of PTP1B activity with small molecule inhibitors suppresses cell spreading and migration to fibronectin, increases Tyr527 phosphorylation in Src, and decreases phosphorylation of FAK, p130Cas, and ERK1/2. In addition, PTP1B “substrate-trapping” mutants bind Tyr527-phosphorylated Src and protect it from dephosphorylation by endogenous PTP1B. These results establish that PTP1B promotes integrin-mediated responses in fibroblasts by dephosphorylating the inhibitory pTyr527 and thereby activating the Src kinase. We also show that PTP1B forms a complex with Src and p130Cas, and that the proline-rich motif PPRPPK (residues 309–314) in PTP1B is essential for the complex formation. We suggest that the specificity of PTP1B for Src pTyr527 is mediated by protein-protein interactions involving the docking protein p130Cas with both Src and PTP1B in addition to the interactions between the PTP1B active site and the pTyr527 motif.
Reaction of calcium phosphate cements with different amounts of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous.

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) with different amounts of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) (TTCP/DCPA molar ratio from 0.25 to 2.00) were prepared to further understand the setting reaction and the factors that could influence the properties of CPCs. Quantitative X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier transform IR spectra, and diametral tensile strength of the set mass were measured along with pH measurements of the CPC suspension. Calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (d-HAP) with a calcium to phosphate molar ratio of approximately 1.5 was formed initially in the CPC setting consisting of an equimolar mixture of TTCP and DCPA. This gradually transformed into stoichiometric HA (s-HA) with increasing incubation time. The s-HA was formed in the initial stage when the CPC contained an excess amount of TTCP. In contrast, maturation to s-HAP was slow when the CPC contained excess amounts of DCPA. The highest mechanical strength of set CPC was associated with an equimolar mixture of TTCP and DCPA, and the mechanical strength decreased as the TTCP/DCPA molar ratio deviated from 1.00. We concluded, therefore, that the setting reaction and the nature of the resulting set mass are dependent on the molar ratios of TTCP and DCPA.
MARKET IMPLICATION OF PREDISC10SURE INFORMATION: SIZE AND EXCHANGE EFFECTS

Differential market reactions to earnings announcements can, inter alia, be ascribed to the extent to which such announcements entail surprise (i.e., "unexpected" information); the greater the predisclosure information, the less the surprise element in earnings announcements. Since there is no direct measure of predisclosure information, the literature has utilized two different proxies: (i) firm size-the "size effect" (Atiase [1980; 1985]) and (ii) exchange listing-the "exchange effect" (Grant [1980]). Atiase [1980] argues that private predisclosure information production and dissemination are an increasing function of firm size (capitalization). If so, the amount of "unexpected" information conveyed to the market by actual earnings reports should be inversely related to firm size, other things equal. Empirical evidence in Atiase [1985] supports this hypothesis. Grant [1980] found that, for OTC firms, the average price revaluation associated with annual earnings announcements is significantly higher in the report week relative to both nonannouncement
Labour Market Segregation and the Gender-Based Division of Labour

The article is based on the argument that labour market segregation is an important factor contributing to women’s inequality in the labour market. Therefore, any equal opportunities policy has to be combined with a policy to reduce segregation. But up to now segregation has been extremely persistent, as is shown in a short empirical overview of segregation in the Austrian labour market. It is argued that the roots of this phenomenon lie in the assignment of men and women to the market area and the reproduction area according to the breadwinner model. Labour market segregation by sex can be seen as a transformation and continuation of the asymmetrical gender relation in the family to the labour market. Most of the mechanisms and processes that occur every day in the labour market work together to preserve sex segregation. Strategies to reduce segregation should look at these historical roots of segregation and at the connection with the overall gender division of labour. Different perspectives on a reduction of labour market segregation are presented.
Greenhouse Gas Intensity in Canada: A Look at Historical Trends

L’un des principaux éléments sur lequel s’appuie la récente politique gouvernementale en matière de gaz à effets de serre (GES) est la réduction de l’intensité des émissions de GES. Dans cet article, nous examinons ce projet à la lumière des tendances observées entre 1990 et 2002, et en décomposant les variations d’intensité, grâce à un indice chaîne de Divisia, en effets de composition et en effets techniques. Nos résultats montrent que cette politique obligerait l’industrie à changer ses façons de faire, puisqu’elle devrait effectuer des réductions d’intensité comme jamais auparavant. Notre analyse suggère également qu’il serait difficile d’atteindre ces objectifs uniquement grâce à des progrès technologiques.
Brief motivational interview and educational brochure in emergency room settings for adolescents and young adults with alcohol-related problems: a randomized single-blind clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of brief motivational interviewing and an educational brochure when delivered in emergency room to reduce alcohol abuse and related problems among adolescents and young adults. METHOD A randomized single-blind clinical trial with a three-month follow-up was carried out at three emergency rooms from October 2004 to November 2005; subjects assessed were 16-25 years old treated for alcohol related events up to 6 hours after consumption. Socio-demographic data, quantity, frequency and negative consequences of alcohol consumption, motivation to change habits and future risk perception were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed on subjects who completed follow-up (completers). ANCOVA model was used to analyze the difference between the intervention groups with statistical significance level α = 5% and confidence interval (CI) of 95%. RESULTS 186 subjects formed the initial sample, being 175 included and randomized to the educational brochure group (n = 88) or motivational interviewing group (n = 87). Follow-up assessment was performed in 85.2% of the sample. No significant difference between groups was observed. However, significant reductions (p < 0.01) in related problems and alcohol abuse were found in both groups. CONCLUSION In this sample a reduction of alcohol use and related problems was observed. Preliminary data indicate that controlled clinical trials with motivational interviewing, educational brochure and nonintervention should be of future interest among Brazilian adolescent populations.
The impact of Investors in people: a case study of a hospital trust

This article reports on case study research conducted in a hospital trust and explores the impact that the Investors in People award had on employees. Investors in People is widely seen as the principal mechanism for increasing workforce skills within a voluntarist system as well as supporting ‘good’ employment policies. Yet in this case study, as elsewhere, most of the ‘soft’ HR initiatives had existed prior to accreditation and the internal marketing of corporate value statements was met with both amnesia and cynicism. More worrying, training activity was focused on ‘business need’, which was defined in the narrowest sense, with the result that some employees had fewer opportunities for individual development. Motivation and commitment levels were high, staff were enthusiastic about their work and many actively engaged in training and development. But this owed little to Investors in People, and its impact here raises questions about its influence on skill levels more broadly.
Respiratory Protection Programs for Firefighters: A Survey of Practices for the State of Kentucky

Objective. Firefighters play a crucial role as first responders in a variety of situations that can expose them to respiratory hazards. To ensure their safety and health, fire departments should have a respiratory protection program in place for all firefighters. A survey of Kentucky fire departments was conducted to assess their respiratory protection practices, barriers to program implementation, and medical evaluation programs. Method. A 21-question survey assessing respiratory practices during the previous 12 months was mailed to all Kentucky fire departments. Results. A 62% survey response rate was achieved, with 116 of Kentucky's 120 counties returning at least one survey. All respondents indicated they were utilizing some type of respiratory protection, but only 37% indicated they had a written respiratory protection program. Compensation status and department sizes were found to be significant variables (p<0.01) in determining if a fire department had a written respiratory protection program. Lack of funding (48%) and lack of understanding (39%) were cited as the greatest barriers to program implementation. Only 51% indicated they require their firefighters to receive a fit testing of their respirator, and 23% indicated they had a health-care provider who reviewed medical questionnaires or provided medical evaluations. Conclusion. This survey indicates that many Kentucky fire departments are not meeting the legal and voluntary respiratory protection standards and guidelines, and demonstrates the need for improved education and funding to ensure that firefighters are adequately protected from respiratory hazards. This is particularly applicable to small rural volunteer departments, which had the greatest gap in compliance.
An Econometric Analysis of the Costs of Sequestering Carbon in Forests

The Kyoto Protocol and the U.S. Climate Change Plan recognize afforestation as a potential means of reducing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. To examine the cost-effectiveness of afforestation, we use econometric land use models to estimate the marginal costs of carbon sequestration in Maine, South Carolina, and Wisconsin. Our findings include the following: (a) earlier studies of afforestation programs tend to underestimate carbon sequestration costs, (b) afforestation still appears to be a relatively low-cost approach to reducing CO 2 concentrations, (c) Wisconsin offers the lowest-cost opportunties for carbon sequestration, and (d) projected population changes have the largest effect on costs in South Carolina. Copyright 1999, Oxford University Press.
Cash Holdings, Corporate Governance Structure and Firm Valuation

Firms with higher board independence, smaller boards, and lower expected managerial entrenchment, have lower cash holdings. We find that the positive association between cash holdings and managerial entrenchment is mitigated by stronger board structures. Specifically, in firms with higher expected managerial entrenchment, those with higher proportion of outside director on the board and smaller board size have lower cash holdings. We also find that firm value is negatively associated with cash levels. The negative association between firm value and cash holdings is more pronounced in firms with (i) lower proportion of outside directors, (ii) larger boards and (iii) higher expected managerial entrenchment. For firms with both high cash holdings and high expected managerial entrenchment, investors additionally discount the valuation of firms with lower proportion of outside directors and those with larger boards.
Technical Note---Delegating Pricing Responsibility to the Salesforce

In this paper, we use an agency theory framework to address the issue of delegating pricing responsibility to the salesperson. In this analysis, it is shown that delegating the pricing responsibility to the salesperson is as profitable as centralization when the salesperson and the sales manager have identical information about the selling environment; but delegation may be more profitable when the saleperson's information is superior to that of the sales manager's. It is also argued that this characteristic is typical of market conditions where we observe delegation of such responsibility in cases identified by Weinberg Weinberg, C. B. 1975. An optimal commission plan for salesman's control over price. Management Sci.21 8, April 937--943. and Stephenson, Cron and Frazier Stephenson, P. R. , W. L. Cron, G. Frazier. 1979. Delegating pricing authority to the salesforce: The effects on sales and profit performance. J. Marketing43 April 21--28.
Board Compensation and Firm Performance: The Role of 'Independent' Board Members

This paper examines the link between firm performance, board structure and top executive pay. We use a panel of firms from the Portuguese Stock Market, where the institutional context differs markedly from the U.K. and U.S., but is very similar to most other European countries. The standard organizational structure is a single-tier board, which includes the CEO as well as executive and non-executive members. The results confirm a large effect of firm size on top executive compensation. However there is no relationship between the board remuneration and company performance. We examine whether the governance structure of companies is relevant in influencing top executive pay. Specifically, we consider the role of non-executive board members as mediators of the management and shareholders relationship. Our results suggest that firms with more non-executive board members pay higher wages to their executives. Furthermore, we find that firms with zero non-executive board members actually have less agency problems, and have a better alignment of shareholders' and managers' interests. These results cast some doubts on the effectiveness of independent board members incentive systems, and on their stated monitoring role.
Obesity, diabetes and survival in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Abstract Increased body mass index (BMI) confers a survival advantage in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Diabetic (diabetes mellitus (DM)) patients undergoing MHD have worse survival. There are limited studies examining the effect of obesity on the risk of death among MHD patients with diabetes. Ninety-eight MHD patients were studied for median follow-up time of 33 months. Patients were classified according to the presence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) or DM. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox regression was used to evaluate the effect of obesity on time to death. Effect modification and mediation analysis were also performed. Mean age was 49 ± 13 years, 66% were male, 48% were obese and 34% were diabetic. Mortality rates (per 100 person-years) were: 3.4 for non-diabetic obese, 8.6 for non-diabetic non-obese, 14.3 for diabetic non-obese and 18.1 for diabetic obese patients. Log-rank comparing diabetic obese versus non-diabetic obese was significant (p = 0.007). Diabetes was associated with an increased risk of mortality after adjustment for potential mediators. Effect modification of obesity in the mortality risk was different between patients with and without diabetes. With adjustment for adipokines, a greater effect modification by diabetes was observed; whereas, adjustment for inflammatory marker did not influence the effect modification. Diabetic obese MHD patients have increased mortality risk compared to non-diabetic obese. Obesity does not offer survival benefits in diabetic obese MHD patients and potentially may have detrimental effects. Larger studies evaluating the effect of adipokines and obesity in outcomes in the diabetic MHD population need to be undertaken.
On the Relation between Organisational Practices and New Technologies: The Role of (Time-Based) Competition

This article studies some aspects of organisation choice while explicitly accounting for the fact that firms compete on the product market. Firms compete by introducing drastic innovations, while organisation choice results from a tradeoff between productive efficiency and reactivity. We show that the adoption of information technologies and the choice of reactive organisations are complements via an industry-level equilibrium effect. This view contrasts with the existing literature which emphasises the existence of similar complementarities at the firm level. Consistently with our model, we find that industry-level, rather than firm-level, diffusion of information technologies explains firms' organisational practices.
The January Effect: Still There after All These Years

The year-end disturbance in the prices of small stocks that has come to be known as the January effect is arguably the most celebrated of the many stock market anomalies discovered during the past two decades. If this anomaly is exploitable and if the stock market is reasonably efficient, one would expect that opportunity would have been priced away by now. Evidence indicates, however, that the January effect is still going strong 17 years after its discovery. The magnitude of the effect has not changed significantly, and no significant trend portends its eventual disappearance. Because the anomaly can be inexpensively exploited, its persistence has implications for the theory of efficient markets and for the persistence of anomalies in general.
German aid and trade versus Namibian GDP and labour productivity

This paper examines the effects of German foreign aid to, and net trade with, Namibia on Namibia's recent (1985-95) economic performance. The analysis suggests significant benefits for Namibia from trade with and assistance from Germany. However, domestic capital is found to determine Namibian economic growth more than net trade with Germany and German foreign aid to Namibia, while the effect of German capital tends be larger than that of German aid. A need for direct foreign investment from Germany to Namibia is inferred. Two types of further investigations are required: a joint determination of economic growth, aid, trade and capital formation, and a disaggregation of German aid to Namibia with an analysis of its individual impacts compared with similar effects of aid from other donors.
Comminuted Fracture-Dislocations of the Elbow Treated With an AO Wrist Fusion Plate

Comminuted fracture-dislocations of the elbow are complex injuries that can result in significant postoperative loss of motion. Rigid anatomic fixation with early range of motion is the required treatment. Because of the local anatomy of the proximal ulna, it often is difficult to achieve a rigid fixation construct. A fixation technique of a dorsally applied AO limited contact-dynamic compression wrist fusion plate contoured to fit the anatomy of the proximal ulna is presented. Advantages of the AO wrist fusion plate in comminuted olecranon fractures include the ease of contouring, a low profile, and the use of variable screw hole sizing to achieve stable fixation. The hybrid design allows for rigid 3.5-mm plate fixation distally while providing low profile 2.7-mm plate fixation over the subcutaneous olecranon. The technical and biomechanical features of this plate make it an ideal alternative for fixation of these complex injuries.
Comparison of Progressive Addition Lenses by Direct Measurement of Surface Shape

Purpose To compare the optical properties of five state-of-the-art progressive addition lenses (PALs) by direct physical measurement of surface shape. Methods Five contemporary freeform PALs (Varilux Comfort Enhanced, Varilux Physio Enhanced, Hoya Lifestyle, Shamir Autograph, and Zeiss Individual) with plano distance power and a +2.00-diopter add were measured with a coordinate measuring machine. The front and back surface heights were physically measured, and the optical properties of each surface, and their combination, were calculated with custom MATLAB routines. Surface shape was described as the sum of Zernike polynomials. Progressive addition lenses were represented as contour plots of spherical equivalent power, cylindrical power, and higher order aberrations (HOAs). Maximum power rate, minimum 1.00-DC corridor width, percentage of lens area with less than 1.00 DC, and root mean square of HOAs were also compared. Results Comfort Enhanced and Physio Enhanced have freeform front surfaces, Shamir Autograph and Zeiss Individual have freeform back surfaces, and Hoya Lifestyle has freeform properties on both surfaces. However, the overall optical properties are similar, regardless of the lens design. The maximum power rate is between 0.08 and 0.12 diopters per millimeter and the minimum corridor width is between 8 and 11 mm. For a 40-mm lens diameter, the percentage of lens area with less than 1.00 DC is between 64 and 76%. The third-order Zernike terms are the dominant high-order terms in HOAs (78 to 93% of overall shape variance). Higher order aberrations are higher along the corridor area and around the near zone. The maximum root mean square of HOAs based on a 4.5-mm pupil size around the corridor area is between 0.05 and 0.06 µm. Conclusions This nonoptical method using a coordinate measuring machine can be used to evaluate a PAL by surface height measurements, with the optical properties directly related to its front and back surface designs.
Which Types of Aid Have the Most Impact

The paper uses an aid disaggregation approach to examine the impact of different types of aid on the fiscal sector of the aid-recipient country. It uses time-series data on different types of aid (project aid, programme aid, technical assistance and food aid) for Uganda, an important aid recipient in recent years, to estimate a model of fiscal response in the presence of aid which combines aid disaggregation and endogenous aid. The empirical findings clearly suggest the importance of the above approach for delving deeper into aid effectiveness issues since different aid categories have different effects on key fiscal variables—an impact that could not be revealed if a single figure for aid was employed. More precisely, project aid and food aid appear to cause a reduction in public investment whereas programme aid and technical assistance are positively related to public investment. The same applies for government consumption. A negligible impact on government tax and non-tax revenues, and a strong displacement of government borrowing are also found.