Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of the Smith Normal Form to the Structure of Lattice Rules

Two independent approaches to the theory of the lattice rule have been exploited at length in the literature. One is based on the generator matrix A of the lattice $\Lambda $ whose elements provide the abscissas of Q. The other, based on the t-cycle form $Q(\Lambda )f$ of Sloan and Lyness [Math. Comput. , 52 (1989), pp. 81–94], leads to a canonical form for Q. In this paper, a close connection between these approaches is demonstrated. This connection reflects the close relation between the Kronecker decomposition theorem for Abelian groups and the Smith normal form of an integer matrix. It is shown that the invariants of the canonical form of $Q(\Lambda )f$ coincide with the elements of the Smith normal form of $B = (A^T )^{ - 1} $, the reciprocal lattice generator matrix. This fact may be used to provide a straightforward solution to the previously intransigent problem of identifying and removing a repetition in the general t-cycle form.
Effects of Current Exercise and Diet on Late-Life Cognitive Health of Former College Football Players

Abstract Objective: To determine the relative influence of current exercise and diet on the late-life cognitive health of former Division I collision-sport collegiate athletes (ie, football players) compared with noncollision–sport athletes and non-athletes. Methods: Graduates (n = 400) of a Midwestern university (average age, 64.09 years; standard deviation, 13.32) completed a self-report survey to assess current demographics/physical characteristics, exercise, diet, cognitive difficulties, and physical and mental health. Results: Former football players reported more cognitive difficulties, as well as worse physical and mental health than controls. Among former football players, greater intake of total and saturated fat and cholesterol and lower overall diet quality were significantly correlated with cognitive difficulties; current dietary intake was not associated with cognitive health for the noncollision–sport athletes or nonathletes. Hierarchical regressions predicting cognitive difficulties indicated that income was positively associated with fewer cognitive difficulties and predicted 8% of the variance; status as a former football player predicted an additional 2% of the variance; and the interaction between being a football player and total dietary fat intake significantly predicted an additional 6% of the total variance (total model predicted 16% of variance). Greater intake of dietary fat was associated with increased cognitive difficulties, but only in the former football players, and not in the controls. Prior participation in football was associated with worse physical and mental health, while more frequent vigorous exercise was associated with higher physical and mental health ratings. Conclusion: Former football players reported more late-life cognitive difficulties and worse physical and mental health than former noncollision–sport athletes and nonathletes. A novel finding of the present study is that current dietary fat was associated with more cognitive difficulties, but only in the former football players. These results suggest the need for educational interventions to encourage healthy dietary habits to promote the long-term cognitive health of collision-sport athletes.
Cognitive Control in Russian–German Bilinguals

Bilingual speakers are faced with the problem to keep their languages apart, but do so with interindividually varying success. Cognitive control abilities might be an important factor to explain such interindividual differences. Here we compare two late, balanced and highly proficient bilingual groups (mean age 24 years, L1 Russian, L2 German) which were established according to their language control abilities on a bilingual picture-naming task. One group had difficulties to remain in the instructed target language and switched unintentionally to the non-target language (“switchers”), whereas the other group rarely switched unintentionally (“non-switchers”). This group-specific behavior could not be explained by language background, socio-cultural, or demographic variables. Rather, the non-switchers also demonstrated a faster and better performance on four cognitive control tests (Tower of Hanoi, Ruff Figural Fluency Test, Divided Attention, Go/Nogo). Here, we focus on two additional executive function tasks, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Flanker task requiring conflict monitoring and conflict resolution. Non-switchers outperformed switchers with regard to speed and accuracy, and were better at finding and applying the correct rules in the WCST. Similarly, in the Flanker task non-switchers performed faster and better on conflict trials and had a higher correction rate following an error. Event-related potential recordings furthermore revealed a smaller error-related negativity in the non-switchers, taken as evidence for a more efficient self-monitoring system. We conclude that bilingual language performance, in particular switching behavior, is related to performance on cognitive control tasks. Better cognitive control, including conflict monitoring, results in decreased unintentional switching.
Identification of rational approximate models in H/sup /spl infin// using generalized orthonormal basis

Robust identification with FIR models fails to be successful when the number of coefficients to be estimated becomes large, caused by lightly damped modes of the plant or poles very close to the unit circle. The paper presents a two-stage algorithm to obtain a low-order approximate model in frequency domain in a generalized orthonormal basis with guaranteed H/sup /spl infin// error bound for deterministic linear time-invariant stable systems, the first stage being an L/sup /spl infin// rational approximation and the second nonlinear step being an H/sup /spl infin// rational approximation.
Silent Obstruction after Extracorporeal Piezoelectric Lithotripsy

Extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy (EPL) is frequently used to treat renal calculi. We are presenting a case that developed silent ureteric obstruction following three sessions of EPL of 4,000 shocks each. The obstruction was silent and asymptomatic, and was detected 6 weeks later on a routine follow-up renogram. The obstruction was due to an impacted stone fragment in the lower ureter. After release of the obstruction, the kidney function did not return to pre-therapy levels due to irreversible damage. This case demonstrates the importance of doing renograms before and within a few days after shock therapy for renal stones.
Early prediction of tumor recurrence after curative resection of gastric carcinoma by measuring soluble E‐cadherin

Currently, to the authors' knowledge, there is no serum marker to predict disease recurrence after patients undergo curative resection for gastric carcinoma. Previous reports have indicated that serum levels of soluble E‐cadherin had prognostic value in these patients. The objective of the current study was to determine whether soluble E‐cadherin levels could predict disease recurrence in patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent curative surgery.
An IR-Drop Aware Test Pattern Generator for Scan-Based At-Speed Testing

The excessive circuit switching activity during scan-based at-speed testing has been known to cause yield loss because it degrades the circuit performance and can cause a good device to fail the test. In this paper, we propose an IR-drop aware test pattern generator to produce high-quality at-speed test patterns. The idea is to manage the switching activity distribution of the generated test patterns so that the resulting IR-drop profiles match the user-specified ones. To improve the efficiency of the IR-drop matching process, the maximum-implication random-fill (MIR-fill) based IR-drop matching technique is developed. Simulation results show that the proposed test pattern generator achieves 20 times speedup compared to the previous work and also delivers significant IR-drop cost reduction.
Single-cell analysis of signal transduction in CD4 T cells stimulated by antigen in vivo

Flow cytometry was used to study signaling events in individual CD4 T cells after antigen recognition in the body. Phosphorylation of c-jun and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was detected within minutes in all antigen-specific CD4 T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues after injection of peptide antigen into the bloodstream. The remarkable rapidity of this response correlated with the finding that most naive T cells are in constant contact with dendritic antigen-presenting cells. Contrary to predictions from in vitro experiments, antigen-induced c-jun and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation did not depend on CD28 signals and was insensitive to inhibition by cyclosporin A. Our results highlight the efficiency of the in vivo immune response and underscore the need to verify which signaling pathways identified in vitro actually operate under physiological conditions.
Particle Size and Particle Percentage Effect of AZ 61 / SiCp Magnesium Matrix Micro-and NanoComposites on Their Mechanical Properties Due to Extrusion and Subsequent Annealing

Magnesium metal matrix composites (Mg MMCs) possess relatively more favorable mechanical properties than Mg alloys because they add reinforcements, such as small particles, short fibers, or continuous fibers, into the matrix. This study investigated the influence of adding different sizes and percentages of silicon carbide particles (SiCp) for manufacturing AZ61/SiCp Mg alloy composite extrusion plates on the mechanical properties of SiCp. We also examined the impact and discussed the evolution of microstructures, changes of material strength, ductility, formability, and other mechanical properties caused by a subsequent annealing treatment after plate extrusion. The results showed that the mechanical properties of plates can be improved by adding reinforcement particles. The effects of grain refinement were as follows: the smaller the size of the reinforcement particles, the greater the enhancement of mechanical properties. Among them, the AZ61/1 wt % SiCp/50 nm MMC plate had relatively excellent mechanical properties. Specifically, the ultimate tensile strength, yielding strength, ductility, hardness, and grain size of the plate were 331 MPa, 136.4 MPa, 43.1%, 62 HV, and 3.3 μm, respectively. Compared with SiCp-free Mg MMC plates, these properties of the AZ61/1 wt % SiCp/50 nm MMC plate were enhanced (or refined) by 6.4%, 3.4%, 83.4%, 2%, and 13.2%, respectively; by contrast, formability decreased by 9.1%.
Role of collateral flow on cerebral hemodynamics in patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of collateral blood flow via the anterior and posterior communicating arteries (ACoA and PCoA) and via the ophthalmic artery (OphA) on cerebral hemodynamics, metabolism, and border zone infarcts in 57 patients with unilateral symptomatic occlusions of the internal carotid artery. Collateral flow via the ACoA and PCoA was determined with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and collateral flow via the OphA with transcranial Doppler (TCD). Volume flow was studied with MRA, metabolism with 1H MR spectroscopy, CO2 reactivity with TCD, and the incidence of border zone infarcts with MRI. Compared with controls, patients had deteriorated volume flow, metabolism, and CO2 reactivity. No differences were found between patients with and patients without collateral flow through the ACoA and/or PCoA, or between patients with or without collateral flow via the OphA. Patients without collateral flow via any of these collaterals had decreased volume flow in the middle cerebral artery, decreased N‐acetylaspartate/choline, and increased lactate/ N‐acetylaspartate, compared with the other patients. Patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion have deteriorated cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism. Different collateral flow patterns via the ACoA, PCoA, or OphA have no effect on the hemodynamic and metabolic parameters, as long as one of these pathways is present.
Abdominal and digestive system associations of familial Mediterranean fever

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary epidosic febrile syndrome that is expressed by acute spells of fever, painful manifestations in the abdomen, chest and joints, and slow development of nephropathic amyloidosis. Despite the recent cloning of the FMF gene (MEFV) and the identification of about 40 disease-related mutations, the diagnosis is still clinically dependent, and the pathogenesis and most of the clinical heterogeneity remain to be explained.Because episodic abdominal pain affects 95% of FMF patients, most of them are seen by gastroenterologists and undergo complete or partial abdominal imaging before the diagnosis is made. Focusing on recent advances in FMF, this article reviews both common and infrequent manifestations that a gastroenterologist may encounter during workups of FMF patients. These include episodic abdominal pain, paralytic or mechanical ileus, constipation, diarrhea, ascites, malabsorption, bowel infarction, and bleeding, arising directly from FMF or secondary to FMF common associations such as amyloidosis, vasculitides, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or colchicine side effects. This article will help the gastroenterologist to cope with most clinical situations related to the abdominal and alimentary tract in patients with FMF.
p63 Suppresses Non-epidermal Lineage Markers in a Bone Morphogenetic Protein-dependent Manner via Repression of Smad7*

p63, a p53 family member, plays an essential role in epidermal development by regulating its transcriptional program. Here we report a previously uncovered role of p63 in controlling bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, which is required for maintaining low expression levels of several non-epidermal genes. p63 represses transcription of the inhibitory Smad7 and activates Bmp7, thereby sustaining BMP signaling. In the absence of p63, compromised BMP signaling leads to inappropriate non-epidermal gene expression in postnatal mouse keratinocytes and in embryonic epidermis. Reactivation of BMP signaling by Smad7 knockdown and/or, to a lesser extent, by BMP treatment suppresses expression of non-epidermal genes in the absence of p63. Canonical BMP/Smad signaling is essential for control of non-epidermal genes as use of a specific inhibitor, or simultaneous knockdown of Smad1 and Smad5 counteract suppression of non-epidermal genes. Our data indicate that p63 prevents ectopic expression of non-epidermal genes by a mechanism involving Smad7 repression and, to a lesser extent, Bmp7 induction, with consequent enhancement of BMP/Smad signaling.
Aluminum-, Calcium- and Titanium-rich Oxide Stardust in Ordinary Chondrite Meteorites

We report O-, Al-Mg-, K-, Ca-, and Ti-isotopic data for a total of 96 presolar oxide grains found in residues of several unequilibrated ordinary chondrite meteorites. Identified grain types include Al2O3, MgAl2O4, hibonite (CaAl12O19), and Ti oxide. This work greatly increases the presolar hibonite database, and is the first report of presolar Ti oxide. O-isotopic compositions of the grains span previously observed ranges and indicate an origin in red giant and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars of low mass (<2.5 M☉) for most grains. Cool bottom processing in the parent AGB stars is required to explain isotopic compositions of many grains. Potassium-41 enrichments in hibonite grains are attributable to in situ decay of now-extinct 41Ca. Inferred initial 41Ca/40Ca ratios are in good agreement with model predictions for low-mass AGB star envelopes, provided that ionization suppresses 41Ca decay. Stable Mg and Ca isotopic ratios of most of the hibonite grains reflect primarily the initial compositions of the parent stars and are generally consistent with expectations for Galactic chemical evolution, but require some local interstellar chemical inhomogeneity. Very high 17O/16O or 25Mg/24Mg ratios suggest an origin for some grains in binary star systems where mass transfer from an evolved companion has altered the parent star compositions. A supernova origin for the hitherto enigmatic 18O-rich Group 4 grains is strongly supported by multielement isotopic data for two grains. The Group 4 data are consistent with an origin in a single supernova in which variable amounts of material from the deep 16O-rich interior mixed with a unique end-member mixture of the outer layers. The Ti oxide grains primarily formed in low-mass AGB stars. They are smaller and rarer than presolar Al2O3, reflecting the lower abundance of Ti than Al in AGB envelopes.
Use of Artificial Intelligence to Predict the Accuracy of Pre- Tender Building Cost Estimate Dr. Ajibade

Pre-tender estimates are susceptible to inaccuracies (biases) because they are often prepared within a limited timeframe, and with limited information about project scope. Inaccurate estimation of project uncertainties is the underlying cause of project cost overruns in construction. Typically, cost engineers and quantity surveyors would add contingency reserve to a pretender estimate in order to account for any unforeseen cost that may arise between the date of the estimate and the projected completion date of the project. The traditional 10% rule of thumb for estimating contingency is subjective based on experience and expert judgment, and are often inadequate. In the research reported in this paper, we propose that learning algorithms trained to use the known characteristic of completed projects could allow quantitative and objective estimation of the inaccuracies in pretender building cost estimates of new projects. The study assumes that the accuracy in the initial estimate (bias) of a completed project is the difference between the actual project completion costs minus the pre-tender cost forecast expressed as a percentage of the actual project completion costs. A threelayer ANN model of feedforward type with one output node was constructed and trained to generalise nine characteristics of 100 completed projects and the cost data from those projects. The nine input variables of the model are project size (measured by number of storeys and gross floor area), principal structural material, procurement route, project type, location, sector, estimating method, and estimated sum. Estimate accuracy (bias) was used as the output variable. The prediction power stands at 73% correlation coefficient, 3% of Mean Absolute Error and 0.2% Mean Squared Error. It was found that in more than 73% of the test cases the predicted estimate bias did not differ by more than 8.2% from the expected (Maximum Absolute Error). This means that amount of estimate bias predicted by the ANN are similar to what actually occurred. The trained ANN model can be used as a decision making tool by cost advisors when forecasting building cost at the pretender stage. The model can be queried with the characteristics of a new project in order to quickly predict the error in the estimate of the new project. The predicted error represents the additional contingency reserve that must be set aside for the project in order to cater for possible cost overruns. The model can also be extended to forecast the likely cost of a project.
A Retrospective Study of Success, Failure, and Time Needed to Perform Awake Intubation

Background:Awake intubation is the standard of care for management of the anticipated difficult airway. The performance of awake intubation may be perceived as complex and time-consuming, potentially leading clinicians to avoid this technique of airway management. This retrospective review of awake intubations at a large academic medical center was performed to determine the average time taken to perform awake intubation, its effects on hemodynamics, and the incidence and characteristics of complications and failure. Methods:Anesthetic records from 2007 to 2014 were queried for the performance of an awake intubation. Of the 1,085 awake intubations included for analysis, 1,055 involved the use of a flexible bronchoscope. Each awake intubation case was propensity matched with two controls (1:2 ratio), with similar comorbidities and intubations performed after the induction of anesthesia (n = 2,170). The time from entry into the operating room until intubation was compared between groups. The anesthetic records of all patients undergoing awake intubation were also reviewed for failure and complications. Results:The median time to intubation for patients intubated post induction was 16.0 min (interquartile range: 13 to 22) from entrance into the operating room. The median time to intubation for awake patients was 24.0 min (interquartile range: 19 to 31). The complication rate was 1.6% (17 of 1,085 cases). The most frequent complications observed were mucous plug, endotracheal tube cuff leak, and inadvertent extubation. The failure rate for attempted awake intubation was 1% (n = 10). Conclusions:Awake intubations have a high rate of success and low rate of serious complications and failure. Awake intubations can be performed safely and rapidly.
Comparison of direct-drive and geared generator concepts for wind turbines

The objective of this paper is to compare five different generator systems for wind turbines, namely the electrically-excited and the permanent-magnet excited direct-drive generator system, the permanent-magnet and the doubly-fed induction generator system with single-stage gearbox and the doubly-fed induction generator system with three-stage gearbox. The comparison is based on cost and annual energy yield for a given wind climate. The doubly-fed induction generator with single-stage gearbox seems the most attractive in terms of energy yield divided by cost. The doubly-fed induction generator with three-stage gearbox is a cheap solution using standard components. The permanent-magnet direct-drive generator has the highest energy yield, but although it is cheaper than the electrically-excited direct-drive generator, it is more expensive than the generator systems with gearbox
Antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms at a general hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE To determine susceptibility patterns of microorganisms to antibiotics in a large general hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS Clinical samples received in the laboratory were processed according to standard methods. Susceptibility to antibiotics was done using a disk diffusion technique. RESULTS Five hundred and fifty-one samples from urine, wound, reproductive tract and other body fluids were analysed. The most frequently isolated pathogens (n=586) were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Most of the organisms were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, perfloxacin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone and azithromycin but were resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and penicillin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was multi-resistant. The susceptibility pattern obtained at this hospital is similar to what obtains in teaching hospitals in Nigeria. CONCLUSION Microorganisms isolated at this hospital are more sensitive to newer antibiotics.