Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model Selection with Piecewise Regular Gauges

Regularization plays a pivotal role when facing the challenge of solving ill-posed inverse problems, where the number of observations is smaller than the ambient dimension of the object to be estimated. A line of recent work has studied regularization models with various types of low-dimensional structures. In such settings, the general approach is to solve a regularized optimization problem, which combines a data fidelity term and some regularization penalty that promotes the assumed low-dimensional/simple structure. This paper provides a general framework to capture this low-dimensional structure through what we coin piecewise regular gauges. These are convex, non-negative, closed, bounded and positively homogenous functions that will promote objects living on low-dimensional subspaces. This class of regularizers encompasses many popular examples such as the L^1 norm, L^1-L^2 norm (group sparsity), nuclear norm, as well as several others including the L^inf norm. We will show that the set of piecewise regular gauges is closed under addition and pre-composition by a linear operator, which allows to cover mixed regularization (e.g. sparse+low-rank), and the so-called analysis-type priors (e.g. total variation, fused Lasso, trace Lasso, bounded polyhedral gauges). Our main result presents a unified sharp analysis of exact and robust recovery of the low-dimensional subspace model associated to the object to recover from partial measurements. This analysis is illustrated on a number of special and previously studied cases.
Cognitive performance and complaints of cognitive impairment in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) complain that they have difficulties with concentration and memory but studies to date have not found consistent objective evidence of performance deficits. Two groups of CFS patients, depressed and non-depressed, and healthy controls, were asked about concentration problems in general and specifically when reading. CFS subjects were more likely than controls to report that they had concentration problems when reading, that they needed to re-read text and that they failed to take in what they were reading. Subjects then performed a task in which their reading behaviour and text recall was measured. While all CFS subjects complained of general cognitive failures and of difficulties with reading, only depressed CFS subjects recalled significantly less of the text than controls. Severity of complaints about reading problems was not related to amount of text recalled, but was related to severity of depressed mood. However, subjects were able to evaluate accurately their ability to remember the text immediately after reading it and before being tested for recall. Additionally, subjects performed a paired-associate learning task on which no significant differences between the subject groups was found. It is concluded that deficits in cognitive functioning in CFS patients are more likely to be found on naturalistic than on laboratory tasks.
Fitness in Contemporary Dance: A Systematic Review

It has been suggested that dancers are less fit compared to other athletes. However, the majority of studies make their arguments based on data deriving mainly from ballet. Therefore, the aim of the current review was to investigate: a) aerobic and anaerobic fitness, muscular strength and body composition characteristics in contemporary dancers of different levels, and b) whether supplementary exercise interventions, in addition to normal dance training, further improves contemporary dance performance. Three databases (Medline, Cochrane and the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health research database) were searched to identify publications regarding the main fitness components of contemporary professional and student dancers. At a professional level, it appears that contemporary dancers demonstrate higher maximal oxygen uptake and higher scores in muscular endurance than ballet dancers. However, contemporary dance students are equally fit compared to their ballet counterparts and their body composition is also very similar. Only two studies have investigated the effects of supplementary exercise training on aspects of dance performance. Further research is needed in order to confirm preliminary data, which suggest that the implementation of additional fitness training is beneficial for contemporary dance students to achieve a better performance outcome.
Modelling the effect of condensed-phase diffusion on the homogeneous nucleation of ice in supercooled water

Abstract. In-situ studies of low temperature cirrus clouds have found unexpectedly low ice crystal numbers and consistently high supersaturations, which suggest that our understanding of the freezing mechanisms under these conditions are incomplete. Computational models typically use homogeneous nucleation to predict the ice nucleated in supercooled water. However, the existence of ultra-viscous organic aerosol in the upper troposphere has offered alternative ice nucleation pathways, which have been observed in laboratory studies. The possible effects of aerosol viscosity on cloud micro-physical properties have traditionally been interpreted from simple model simulations of an individual aerosol particle based on equilibration timescales. In this study, to gain insight into the formation of ice in low temperature cirrus clouds, we have developed the first cloud parcel model with bin micro-physics to simulate condensed phase diffusion through each individual aerosol particle. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the complex relationship between the rate of ice formation and the viscosity of secondary organic aerosol, driven by two competing effects – which cannot be explained using existing modelling approaches. The first is inhibition of homogeneous ice nucleation below 200 K, due to restricted particle growth and low water volume. The second occurs at temperatures between 200 K and 220 K, where water molecules are slightly more mobile and a layer of water condenses on the outside of the particle, causing an increase in the number of frozen aerosol particles. Our new model provides a basis to better understand and simulate cirrus cloud formation on a larger scale, addressing a major source of uncertainty in climate modelling through the representation of cloud processes.
The development and validation of the Body Image Dimensional Assessment (BIDA)

AIM: To validate a silhouette-based scale, the Body Image Dimensional Assessment (BIDA), an instrument for the screening of body dissatisfaction in large samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five-hundred ninety-two both gender non-clinical participants and 57 patients with eating disorders (ED) were administered the BIDA and the Body Dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (BD-EDI2). The BIDA consists of only 4 items to answer with reference to a series of four silhouettes not age- nor gender-related using a numeric scale that allows the quantification of the degree of Body Dissatisfaction, Sexual Body Dissatisfaction, Comparative Body Dissatisfaction and the calculation of the final Body Dissatisfaction Index (BDI). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The study has shown that the BIDA has good reliability and validity as well as high predictive capability at a threshold BDI≥30 (sensitivity =83.3% and specificity =92.1%). By virtue of the rapid timing of administration, the BIDA can be a useful screening instrument of body dissatisfaction in non clinical populations to detect people at risk for ED and a follow-up instrument in clinical setting.
DIFFERENTIAL EMISSION MEASURE ANALYSIS OF A POLAR CORONAL HOLE DURING THE SOLAR MINIMUM IN 2007

We have performed a differential emission measure (DEM) analysis for a polar coronal hole observed during solar minimum in 2007. Five observations are analyzed spanning the coronal hole from the central meridian to the boundary with the quiet-Sun corona. The observed heights ranged from 1.05 to 1.20 R☉. The analysis shows that the plasma is not strictly isothermal anywhere, but rather has a high-temperature component that extends up to log T(K) = 6.2–6.3. The size and importance of this component depend on location, and its evolving magnitude with height marks the boundary between the coronal hole and the quiet corona, where it becomes dominant. The DEM of the coronal hole plasma below log T(K) = 6.0 decreases faster with height than that of the high-temperature component. We discuss the possible nature of the high-temperature component. Our results highlight the potential limitations of isothermal analyses. Such methods actually measure a DEM-weighted average temperature and as a result can infer artificial temperature gradients. Assuming the gas is isothermal along the line of sight can also yield incorrect electron densities. By revealing structures along the line of sight, a DEM analysis can also be used to more reliably interpret electron temperature and density measurements.
17β -estradiol Hormone and Interleukin 1-beta Change Related to Menopause in the Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis

The depletion of 17β-estradiol-2 (17β-E2) is one of the factors that cause the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in females in the case of menopause. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the change in 17β-E2 levels and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) is associated with menopause in RA women and whether there is a relationship between them. 96 RA women were divided into three groups as follows: Group 1 (women of reproductive age) – 30, Group 2 (premenopausal women) – 32 (menstrual or normal menstrual period without menstruation for a period of not >6 months, and Group 3 (postmenopausal women) – 34 women in menopause (menopause for at least 12 months). Serum levels of 17β-E2, IL-1β, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that a change in concentration of 17β-E2 resulted in excessive production of IL-1β in women during reproductive age, premenopausal, and postmenopausal compared to female control. Furthermore, there is a highly inverse correlation between IL-1β and 17β-E2 in the serum of pre- and post-menopausal RA women. On the other hand, the study showed a positive correlation between IL-1β and sex hormones 17β-E2 in women of reproductive age who suffer from RA. Moreover, the study confirmed that the most risk factor is 17β-E2. The study showed that a lack of 17β-2 concentration after menopause causes an increased concentration of IL-1β and this, in turn, stimulates the development of RA disease during menopause. Menopause-associated 17β-E2 deficiency plays the major role in the pathogenesis of RA.
The surface‐located YopN protein is involved in calcium signal transduction in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

The low‐calcium response (Icr) is strongly conserved among the pathogenic Yersinia species and is observed when the pathogen is grown at 37°C in Ca2+‐depleted medium. This response is characterized by a general metabolic downshift and by a specific induction of virulence‐plasmid‐encoded yop genes. Regulation of yop expression is exerted at transcriptional level by a temperature‐regulated activator and by Ca2+‐regulated negative elements. The yopN gene was shown to encode a protein (formerly also designated Yop4b) which is surface‐located when Yersmia is grown at 37°C. yopN was found to be part of an operon that is induced during the low‐calcium response. Insertional inactivation of the yopN gene resulted in derepressed transcription of yop genes. A hybrid plasmid containing the yopN gene under the control of the tac promoter fully restored the wild‐type phenotype of the yopN mutant. Thus the surface‐located YopN somehow senses the calcium concentration and transmits a signal to shut off yop transcription when the calcium concentration is high.
Tumor size determines the efficacy of percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma

This study was aimed at defining the therapeutic value of percutaneous ethanol injection in patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma less than 4 cm. Ultrasound‐guided ethanol injection was performed in 24 cirrhotic patients (9 Child A, 10 Child B and 5 Child C), with hepatocellular carcinoma not suitable for surgical treatment. Its efficacy was assessed by repeated ultrasound, computed tomography and tumor biopsy during a follow‐up ranging between 4 and 41 mo. Ethanol injection did not achieve a complete tumor necrosis in five cases after a minimum of 12 injections. Seven of the remaining 19 cases, with initial success, have shown recurrence during follow‐up, thus resulting in 50% success rate, which was significantly related to baseline tumor size. The six patients with nodules less than 2 cm achieved a complete response, whereas this was recorded in 2 of the 7 with tumor size between 2 and 3 cm, and in only 1 of the 11 cases between 3 and 4 cm. The 1‐ and 2‐yr survival of Child's A and B patients was 87% and 70%, respectively.
Left face matching bias: Right hemisphere dominance or scanning habits?

A large body of work report a leftward bias in face processing. However, it is not clear whether this leftward bias purely reflects the dominance of the right hemisphere or is influenced by scanning habits developed by reading directions. Here, we report two experiments examining how well native readers of right to left Arabic scripts (Egyptians) could match (for identity) a target face that appeared with a companion to a line-up of 10 faces. There was a significant advantage for matching faces that appeared on the left. However, Experiment 2 found that the magnitude of this left face matching bias was almost three times weaker than the magnitude of the leftward bias shown by native readers of left to right English scripts (British). Accordingly, we suggest that the right hemisphere dominance for face processing underlies the leftward face perception bias, but with the interaction of scanning habits.
Monopolistic competition with outside goods

The Chamberlinian monopolistically competitive equilibrium has been explored and extended in a number of recent papers. These analyses have paid only cursory attention to the existence of an industry outside the Chamberlinian group. In this article I analyze a model of spatial competition in which a second commodity is explicitly treated. In this two-industry economy, a zero-profit equilibrium with symmetrically located firms may exhibit rather strange properties. First, demand curves are kinked, although firms make "Nash" conjectures. If equilibrium lies at the kink, the effects of parameter changes are perverse. In the short run, prices are rigid in the face of small cost changes. In the long run, increases in costs lower equilibrium prices. Increases in market size raise prices. The welfare properties are also perverse at a kinked equilibrium.
Enhanced Detection with Bimodal Sonar Displays

Signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) required to detect narrow-band signals in white noise were compared for bimodal and single-modality sonar displays at two levels of signal uncertainty and two degrees of spatial compatibility between the auditory and visual displays. In bimodal test conditions the auditory and visual signals were equated in detectability for each subject. An adaptive, two-alternative, forced-choice procedure was used to maintain a constant percentage of correct responses. The decrement in performance with increased signal uncertainty was significantly greater for visual than for auditory displays, suggesting that auditory displays offer advantages for real-world sonar operations. Bimodal displays produced a reliable advantage in SNR required for detection over single-modality displays. Increased compatibility between the visual and auditory displays did not increase the advantage of bimodal presentation, nor did increased signal uncertainty. It was concluded that bimodal displays enhance operators' perceptual sensitivity. The magnitude of the enhancement was consistent with optimal integration of information in the two modalities.
Current issues in the management of paediatric viral hepatitis

Viral hepatitis poses important problems for children. In preschoolers, hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection frequently causes acute liver failure. Vaccinating toddlers against HAV in countries with high endemicity is expected to decrease mortality. HAV vaccine demonstrates efficacy (comparable to immunoglobulin) as post‐exposure prophylaxis. A recently developed vaccine against hepatitis E virus (HEV) may benefit fetal health, because pregnant women are most prone to acute liver failure as a result of HEV. Hepatitis B vaccine continues to demonstrate value and versatility for preventing serious liver disease. With chronic infection, undetectable levels of serum HBV DNA complement e‐seroconversion as the preferred outcome measure; suppressed viral load correlates with long‐term complications better than HBeAg status. Among Taiwanese children, low pretreatment HBV DNA (<2 × 108 copies/ml) strongly predicted response to interferon‐α. Future paediatric studies must incorporate HBV DNA levels. The rationale for routine treatment of immunotolerant hepatitis B during childhood remains uncertain. Any treatment of chronic hepatitis B in childhood requires consideration of the risks and benefits. Childhood hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results mainly from mother‐to‐infant transmission. Babies of HCV‐infected women should be tested for serum HCV RNA at 1 month of age. If negative, confirmatory anti‐HCV antibody testing may be performed between 12 and 15 months of age. Children with chronic hepatitis C may develop progressive fibrosis/cirrhosis, particularly in the setting of obesity and insulin resistance. Treatment of children chronically infected with genotype 2 or 3 is highly successful: combination therapy of pegylated interferon‐α and ribavirin is well tolerated and superior to pegylated interferon‐α alone.
Characterization of TFETs made using a Low-Temperature process and innovative TFETs architectures for 3D integration

This thesis presents a study of FDSOI Tunnel FETs (TFETs) from planar to trigate/nanowire structures. For the first time we report functional “Low-Temperature” (LT) TFETs fabricated with low-thermal budget (630°C) process flow, specifically designed for top tier devices in 3D sequential integration. “Dual IDVDS” method confirms that these devices are real TFETs and not Schottky FETs. Electrical characterization shows that LT TFETs performance is comparable with “High-Temperature” (HT) TFETs (1050°C). However, LT TFETs exhibit ON-current enhancement, OFF-current degradation and VTH shift with respect to HT TFETs that cannot be explained via BTBT mechanism. Charge pumping measurements reveal a higher defect density at the top silicon/oxide interface for geometries with narrow widths in LT than HT TFETs. In addition, low-frequency noise analyses shed some light on the nature of these defects. In LT TFETs, we determined a non-uniform distribution of defects at the top surface and also at the tunneling junction that causes trap-assisted tunneling (TAT). TAT is responsible of the current generation that degrades the subthreshold swing. This indicates the tight requirements for quality epitaxy growth and junction optimization in TFETs. Finally, we proposed novel TFET architectures. TCAD study shows that the extension of the source into the body region provides vertical BTBT and a larger tunneling surface. Ultra-thin heavily doped boron layers could allow the possibility to obtain simultaneously a good ON-current and sub-thermal subthreshold slope in TFETs.
A tale of two cohorts: The identification and impact of student engagement in a South Australian high school

School completion is a major factor that contributes to student success at school. It has been reported that young people who do not complete secondary schooling are at higher risk of underemployment, incarceration, and decreased wellbeing for the remainder of their lives. The main factors that contribute to student drop-out and non-completion are academic failure, low attendance, socio-economic status, cultural heritage and identity, and behavioural difficulties including delinquency. Student engagement is a high priority for most schools and is often cited in the Vision and Mission objectives to ensure that students general wellbeing is paramount and can therefore have short and long term gains both at school and beyond. Feeling well, happy and engaged in school life can improve a student’s academic achievement, social and emotional engagement through attendance and participation, and overall values and attitudes to life and learning. This study investigated two cohorts, the 2016 and 2017 graduates, throughout their schooling at one College in South Australia. Student grades, attendance data, ‘attitude’ grade as determined by their teachers, and multiple wellbeing surveys were analysed to determine perceived levels of engagement. The data reported quite different final completion results for each cohort. It was found that neither the academic achievement or the attitude grades indicated any significant difference in engagement; but the attendance data suggested that the cohort who had the lower school completion were more consistently behaviourally engaged. The results suggest that schools should focus on how to specifically identify engagement levels in their students before assuming that it is a primary factor in a specific cohort’s success. However, due to the limitations of this study, further research is needed to develop tools and methodologies that can better measure the identification of student engagement to happen.