Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Florida’s Bright Futures Scholarship Program on High School Performance and College Enrollment

NASFAA JOURNAL OF STUDENT FINANCIAL AID Florida’s Bright Futures program is one of the nation’s largest merit-based scholarship initiatives. This study used high school transcript and college enrollment data to examine the program’s impact on high school course-taking patterns, school grades, college entrance exam scores, and rates of college attendance over time. The study indicates that the program has contributed to educational improvements by encouraging high school students to take academically challenging courses and attend college in the state, with low-income and minority students showing the largest improvements.
A further review of inhalation studies with cigarette smoke and lung cancer in experimental animals, including transgenic mice

Context: The lack of an effective animal model for pulmonary carcinogenesis in smokers is a continuing problem for researchers trying to design Potentially Reduced Risk Products for those smokers who are either unwilling or unable to quit smoking. The major failing of inhalation assays with cigarette smoke in laboratory animals is that these assays produce only small percentages of animals with pulmonary tumors (e.g. adenomas, with the occasional adenocarcinoma), as opposed to the highly invasive carcinomas (e.g. small cell and squamous cell) seen in smokers. Objective: To update previous reviews on animal models, and to add different types of transgenic (Tg) mice to the review. Methods: Reviews were made of articles retrieved from PubMed and elsewhere. Results: The addition of Tg mice to the arsenal of tests used for the evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of cigarettes did not result in any better understanding of the inability of such testing to reflect the epidemiological evidence for lung cancer in smokers. Conclusion: As in previous reviews on the subject, the best assay providing support for the epidemiology data is still the 5-month whole-body exposure of male A/J mice to a combination of mainstream/sidestream smoke, followed by a 4-month recovery.
Novel Feeding Mechanism to Stimulate Triple Radiating Modes in Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna

This paper examines a triple band cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) with three different radiating modes, i.e., HEM<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathrm { {11\delta }}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, TM<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathrm { {01\delta }}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and HEM<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathrm { {12\delta }}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Excitation of all these radiating modes simultaneously, in CDRA, is the most challenging task, which have been accomplished by using composite feeding structure [combination of vertical strip and psi-shaped (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\psi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) microstrip line]. Out of three radiating mode, two hybrid modes (i.e., HEM<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathrm { {11\delta }}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and HEM<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathrm { {12\delta }}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) radiate in broadside direction, while remaining one (TM<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathrm { {01\delta }}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) creates monopole like radiation pattern. Diversified radiation patterns make the proposedCDRA suitable for different wireless applications. Simulated outcomes of the proposed antenna design have been practically confirmed with the help of archetype of proposed antenna. The proposed CDRA is working in three different frequency bands: 2.5–3.02, 3.76–3.86, and 4.38–4.72 GHz. The proposed radiator is quite suitable for WiMAX (2.5 GHz) and vehicular applications.
Financial advice and asset allocation of individual investors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences in KiwiSaver portfolio composition between investors who receive financial advice and those who do not. Design/methodology/approach – Using proprietary data which contain information of 405,107 individual KiwiSaver accounts, this paper examines who receives advice, compares the asset allocations of advised accounts with non-advised accounts, explores the relation of asset allocation with demographic characteristics and compares differences in returns between advised and non-advised investors. Findings – Three key findings are presented in this paper. First, female investors, relatively older investors and investors with higher levels of funds under management (invested wealth) are more likely to receive financial advice. Second, advised investors hold more equity assets. Third, differences in performance between advised and non-advised accounts are marginal. Research limitations/implications – Panel data are not used, which prohibit investi.
European nature conservation legislation and spatial planning: For better or for worse?

Abstract The implementation of the Birds and Habitats directives has been problematic in many member states of the EU. In the Netherlands, many decision-making processes have ended in judicial intervention. This paper analyses the problematic implementation of both directives in the Netherlands. It shows that nature conservation legislation has gained importance in decision-making processes, but that this does not automatically mean that nature conservation goals have been achieved. Because of the emphasis that is placed on the procedural aspects of decision making, the costs involved have increased, while the substantial goals of the European Birds and Habitats directives are fading into the background.
An Advanced ECC Dynamic ID-Based Remote Mutual Authentication Scheme for Cloud Computing

"Cloud" is a common metaphor for an Internet accessible infrastructure which is hidden from users. Cloud Computing makes data truly mobile and a user can simply access a chosen cloud with any internet accessible device. Miller(1986) and Koblitz (1987) proposed an Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC) based mechanism to provide an authentication mechanism for a user can access remote server secretly. Recently, ECC based remote authentication scheme has been used for cloud Internet and remote devices. For instance, Yang and Change proposed an ID-based remote mutual authentication with key agreement scheme for remote devices on Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem in 2009. However, in this paper, we found that their scheme still is vulnerable to insider attack and impersonation attack. Therefore, we proposed an ECC dynamic ID-Based remote mutual authentication scheme for remote devices to solve the issues. Furthermore, we analyzed our scheme to show that our scheme is more secured to authenticate users and remote servers for cloud computing.
Where's the Fine Print? Advertising and the Mortgage Market Crisis

Current conditions in the U.S. mortgage industry provide a rich context for exploring the positioning and information used in advertisements for mortgage products. This article examines television, radio, and print advertising messages employed to promote prime and subprime mortgage products. An analysis of these advertising messages reveals marked differences in the marketing for prime and subprime mortgage offers. Prime mortgage market advertisements tended to emphasize ‘the American dream of homeownership’ and low rates, and often provide detailed loan terms. On the other hand, subprime loan advertisements were based on fear appeals, emphasizing debt problems and encouraging consumers to rely on the lender/broker for help. These important differences in the information available to consumers for various mortgage products may have exacerbated industry information asymmetries and contributed to the current mortgage crisis.
Thrombophilia: An Update

This issue of Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis is dedicated to inherited thrombophilia. The various clinical manifestations and implications for testing are discussed in different articles. Furthermore, animal models that are being used to study thrombophilia are discussed. Thrombophilia is defined as a disorder associated with an increased tendency to venous thromboembolism (VTE). Thrombophilia can be acquired (such as in patients with cancer) or congenital, in which case a defect in the coagulation system is inherited. The term thrombophilia was introduced as aMeSH (Medical Subject Headings) term in 1998, and using this as a search term in the PubMed database at present yields more than 16,500 publications, of which the vast majority is related to inherited forms of this condition. This introduction provides a short overview of thrombophilia, with an emphasis on topics that will not be covered in the reviews in this issue. The first case of inherited thrombophilia was described in 1965 by Egeberg in a publication on a Norwegian family with a remarkable tendency to develop venous thrombosis, which was shown to be due to a deficiency of the physiologic anticoagulant antithrombin. Since then, various forms of inherited thrombophilia have been identified and in a large number of clinical studies, the relative and absolute risk for VTE of each of these thrombophilic conditions has been studied. It is important to emphasize that thrombophilia is diagnosed on clinical grounds. Major criteria are listed in Table 1. The most common features are recurrent VTE, a family history of thrombosis, thrombosis at an unusual location, and thrombosis at young age, but it should be realized that the majority of patients with thrombophilia will have their first manifestation of thrombosis at a later age. In most patients with inherited thrombophilia, the tendency to VTE is mild to moderate and can be controlled easily with antithrombotic agents. Defects leading to inherited thrombophilia may also cause clinical manifestations other than thrombosis, such as skin necrosis in patients with a protein C deficiency who are treated with vitamin K antagonists, or neonatal purpura fulminans in homozygous protein C deficiency (Fig. 1). In addition, many thrombophilic disorders are associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, and the hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome of pregnancy.
Subsidiary Knowledge Development in Knowledge-Intensive Business Services: A Configuration Approach

The international marketing literature has suggested that the characteristics of the subsidiary–headquarters relationship play an important role in subsidiary knowledge development within the field of multinational corporations. However, few studies have examined the association between the subsidiary–headquarters relationship and the subsidiary strategic role and its effects on subsidiary knowledge development. In this article, the authors first examine the effect of four subsidiary–headquarters relational characteristics (socialization mechanisms, autonomy, shared values, and internal embeddedness) on subsidiary knowledge development. Then, building on configuration theory, the authors employ two perspectives of fit (moderation and profile deviation) to investigate the impact of fit between strategy and relational characteristics and examine their effects on subsidiary knowledge development. Using data from 184 U.K. foreign-owned subsidiaries operating in the knowledge-intensive business services sector, the authors confirm that internal embeddedness, socialization mechanisms, and autonomy are positively related to subsidiary knowledge development. Furthermore, the findings support the moderation and profile deviation perspectives and indicate that aligning the subsidiary's strategic role with relational characteristics can lead to superior knowledge development.
Performance measurement model and academic staff: A survey at selected Universities in South Africa and abroad

This study explores academic staff’s perception of performance measurement at selected universities in the USA, UK, Australia, Nigeria and universities in South Africa. The primary objective of this article is “to develop a conceptual model which can be applied to South African universities in developing educational policy” based on empirical evidence. It explores the scholarship of performance management and questions if lectures’ performance can be measured using the seven performance dimensions pointed out in the literature review. The author also argued for the importance of performance management in enhancing the effectiveness of lecturers in their work. The author avers that, following a thorough literature review, it could be logically concluded that a mixed or integrated model of performance measurement can be used to evaluate both competencies and performance outputs of lecturers. Furthermore, the statistical analysis on perspectives of lecturers from selected universities in the United Kingdom, United States, Nigeria, Australia and South Africa, confirmed that lectures’ performance can be measured. The basis of this measurement can be the seven performance dimensions, namely knowledge; student-teacher relations; organisational skills; communication skills; subject relevance, assessment procedure and utility of assignments. The said dimensions attracted a Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of above 0.70.
Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Serogroup C Meningococci in England in the Postvaccination Era

ABSTRACT The United Kingdom introduced meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC) vaccines in 1999, resulting in substantial declines in serogroup C disease and carriage. Here, we measured the age-specific prevalence of serum bactericidal antibodies (SBA) to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations to serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y in 2,673 serum samples collected in England between 2000 and 2004. We compared the seroprevalence of SBA titers of ≥8 in the postvaccination era with results from an earlier prevaccination study conducted using the same methods. We found that the percentages of individuals with protective SBA titers were higher in 2000 to 2004 in all of the age groups targeted for MCC vaccination. In the postvaccine era, the prevalence of protective titers was high (75%) in children who had recently been offered routine immunization, but this fell to 36% more than 18 months after scheduled immunization. In the cohorts targeted in the catch-up campaign, the percentage achieving SBA titers of ≥8 was higher in children offered the vaccine at ages 5 to 17 years than in children offered the vaccine at ages 1 to 4 years. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) IgG for serogroup C followed a similar pattern, corresponding to the age at and time since scheduled MCC vaccination. Serogroup-specific IgG GMCs for W-135 and Y were low and showed little variation by age. Serogroup A IgG GMCs were higher, possibly reflecting exposure to cross-reacting antigens. Although the incidence of serogroup C disease remains low due to persisting herd effects, population antibody levels to serogroup C meningococci should be monitored so that potentially susceptible age groups can be identified should herd immunity wane.
Grincamycins I – K, Cytotoxic Angucycline Glycosides Derived from Marine-Derived Actinomycete Streptomyces lusitanus SCSIO LR32

Abstract Three new angucycline glycosides, designated grincamycin I (1), J (2), and K (3), together with the known congener A-7884 (4), were isolated from marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces lusitanus SCSIO LR32. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectral data analysis. Compounds 2 and 4 exhibited antitumor activity against human cancer cells MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-231, NCI-H460, HCT-116 and HepG2, and human normal breast epithelial cell MCF10A with IC50 values ranging from 0.4 to 6.9 µM. In addition, A-7884 (4) demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus with an MIC value of 1.95 µg/mL.
Repair of chronic anorectal fistulae using commercial fibrin sealant.

HYPOTHESIS Commercially produced fibrin sealant can be used to completely close both simple and complex fistulae in ano. METHODS A 29-patient prospective nonrandomized clinical trial was performed. In the operating room, the patient underwent an examination with anesthesia and the primary and secondary fistula tract openings were attempted to be identified. The fistula tract was curetted and fibrin sealant was injected into the secondary fistula tract opening until fibrin sealant was seen coming from the primary opening. A petroleum jelly gauze was then applied over the secondary opening and the patient was sent home. Follow-up visits were scheduled for 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year later. RESULTS Twenty-nine consecutive patients received fibrin sealant injections for their fistulae in ano, with a mean follow-up of 6 months. Two patients had a history of Crohn disease (regional enteritis) and 2 patients had human immunodeficiency virus infection. Overall, 17 (68%) of 25 patients have had successful closure of their fistula with 4 patients lost to follow-up. Two patients required reinjection with fibrin sealant, and neither of these subsequently had closure. One of the 2 patients with Crohn disease had closure, as well as 1 human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. In addition, there has been no evidence of incontinence or complications related to the use of fibrin sealant in this procedure. CONCLUSIONS Initial results in the treatment of chronic anorectal fistulae using commercial fibrin sealant are optimistic, but require further support through longer follow-up data. Fibrin sealant treatment of anorectal fistulae offers a unique mode of management which is safe, simple, and easy for the surgeon to perform. By using fibrin sealant, the patient avoids the risk of fecal incontinence and the discomfort of prolonged wound healing that may be associated with fistulotomy.
Diagnosing Asset Pricing Models Using the Distribution of Asset Returns

This paper develops a set of diagnostic tests which can shed light on why a particular model is failing and indicate what steps might be taken to make the model consistent with asset returns. Theoretical bounds on the moments of a stochastic discount factor are derived as a function of the moments of observed asset -returns. Particular attention is paid to restrictions on moments other than the variance. These bounds can also be used to measure the information about the distribution of the discount factor contained in the moments of various asset returns. As an application of this methodology, bounds on the discount factor are estimated using size-based portfolios, and the results are used to analyze the small firm effect. Empirical results indicate, for the period 1926-1975, that moments of the returns of small firms contain information about the discount factor that is not contained in the moments of the returns of large firms and/or a proxy of the aggregate wealth portfolio. However, this difference disappears when more recent data is included. ONE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL problems in finance is determining how future revenue streams are discounted to yield the value of an asset. In the absence of arbitrage opportunities, there is a single stochastic discount factor which can be used to value future revenue. This can be seen in the relationship between the price of a security, qt, and the payoff of that security at some
The Optimal Time to License a Biotech “Lemon”

Genetically modified (GM) wheat is an example of an irreversible technology that will cause environmental and market externalities. The optimal time to license this irreversible technology is examined using real options theory. Given the likely spread of the GM wheat genetics in the environment, the decision to license and adopt GM wheat will increase future herbicide costs for both adopters and nonadopters. Also, without the ability to segregate GM and non-GM varieties, the market price of wheat is reduced for all producers. This creates a licensing dilemma due to the "lemon" characteristics of the new technology. (JEL "Q18", "D62") Copyright 2003 Western Economic Association International.
Adverse Selection and Large Trade Volume: The Implications for Market Efficiency

Abstract This paper examines the adverse selection problem that arises from the repeated trades of informed traders. We develop a model of trading that incorporates the interaction of expectations, prices, and volume. We then examine how trading volume affects the speed of price adjustment to information, and demonstrate how this price effect differs across markets. Our results suggest that the efficiency of price adjustment to new information may differ dramatically depending on security market structure, even when there is endogenous entry of informed traders. We illustrate these price adjustment properties by developing a simulation of our theoretical model.
Image Schemas and Conceptual Dependency Primitives: A Comparison

A major challenge in natural language understanding research in artificial intelligence (AI) has been and still is the grounding of symbols in a representation that allows for rich semantic interpretation, inference, and deduction. Across cognitive linguistics and other disciplines, a number of principled methods for meaning representation of natural language have been proposed that aim to emulate capacities of human cognition. However, little cross-fertilization among those methods has taken place. A joint effort of human-level meaning representation from AI research and from cognitive linguistics holds the potential of contributing new insights to this profound challenge. To this end, this paper presents a first comparison of image schemas to an AI meaning representation system called Conceptual Dependency (CD). Restricting our study to the domain of physical and spatial conceptual primitives, we find connections and mappings from a set of action primitives in CD to a remarkably similar set of image schemas. We also discuss important implications of this connection, from formalizing image schemas to improving meaning representation systems in AI.
Post-Green Revolution Agro-entrepreneurship among Capitalist Farmers in Indian Punjab and Andhra Pradesh

Indian agriculture has undergone substantial changes due to the phenomenon of Green Revolution of the 1960s and the 1970s resulting in accumulation of agrarian surpluses in many regions. This article examines the conversion of such surpluses into commercial and industrial capital in terms of agro-entrepreneurship and diversification among commercial farmers of the Green Revolution era within specific contexts of the states of Punjab and Andhra Pradesh. It compares and contrasts the nature of this agro-entrepreneurship between the two states in terms of patterns of mobility and social and cultural factors and their significance in understanding the rural social change from a business history perspective. The article infers, from this experience, implications for understanding processes and hurdles in transition from agriculture to agribusiness for such rural entrepreneurs.
Measuring State Legislative Professionalism: The Squire Index Revisited

In this article, I revisit a widely used measure of legislative professionalism that I developed over a decade ago (Squire 1992a). I argue that professionalism has different implications for legislators than for legislatures and that the concept is distinct from careerism. I then discuss the mechanics of compiling the measure, its reliability and validity, and potential criticism of the measure. Finally, I provide scores on the measure for 1979, 1986, 1996, and 2003, as well as scores for 1979 and 2003 for a revised measure that is theoretically appropriate for use in dynamic analyses.