Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Diet and Exercise on Intestinal Integrity and Microbial Diversity in Mice

Background The gut microbiota is now known to play an important role contributing to inflammatory-based chronic diseases. This study examined intestinal integrity/inflammation and the gut microbial communities in sedentary and exercising mice presented with a normal or high-fat diet. Methods Thirty-six, 6-week old C57BL/6NTac male mice were fed a normal or high-fat diet for 12-weeks and randomly assigned to exercise or sedentary groups. After 12 weeks animals were sacrificed and duodenum/ileum tissues were fixed for immunohistochemistry for occludin, E-cadherin, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The bacterial communities were assayed in fecal samples using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Results Lean sedentary (LS) mice presented normal histologic villi while obese sedentary (OS) mice had similar villi height with more than twice the width of the LS animals. Both lean (LX) and obese exercise (OX) mice duodenum and ileum were histologically normal. COX-2 expression was the greatest in the OS group, followed by LS, LX and OX. The TRFLP and pyrosequencing indicated that members of the Clostridiales order were predominant in all diet groups. Specific phylotypes were observed with exercise, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzi, Clostridium spp. , and Allobaculum spp. Conclusion These data suggest that exercise has a strong influence on gut integrity and host microbiome which points to the necessity for more mechanistic studies of the interactions between specific bacteria in the gut and its host.
Junk Food Consumption and Knowledge about its Ill Effects among Teenagers: A Descriptive Study

Background: Adolescents comprise approximately one-fifth of the world’s population and most of them (84%) live in the developing countries. Adolescents are at risk for nutritional problem both from a physiological and a psychological standpoint. Junk food consumption and obesity in childhood is emerging as a global epidemic. There are numerous psychological, physical and economic consequences of childhood obesity. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of junk food consumption and knowledge of adolescents regarding its ill effects and also factors contributing towards this public health concern 1. Methods: 208 students from four English medium schools in Pune District of Maharashtra (India) were selected by purposive random sampling and students from class VII to XI were selected by disproportionate random sampling for the study. Data was collected using structured questionnaire. Result: Out of 66.8% who consumed junk food, 50% of teenagers consumed junk food 3-5 times and1-3 bottles of aerated drinks per week. 46.15% teenagers had average knowledge about ill effects of junk food. Conclusion: The general awareness of teenagers regarding ill effects of junk food is relatively average or good, but the problem lies in the fact that they do not translate this knowledge in to good food behavior. There are various factors which lure the young adult to consume junk food which invites attention from parents, school authorities and legislative bodies.
Obtained in Brazil Isolates Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mutations in Isoniazid-Resistant Screening and Characterization of

10.1128/AAC.48. 9.3373-3381.2004. 2004, 48(9):3373. DOI: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. and Mario H. Hirata Lourdes Shikama, Elsa M. Mamizuka, Rosario D. C. Hirata Forestiero, Clarice Q. F. Leite, Daisy N. Sato, Maria de Morlock, Patricia Barco, Leticia Cecon, Francisco Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso, Robert C. Cooksey, Glenn P. Obtained in Brazil Isolates Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mutations in Isoniazid-Resistant Screening and Characterization of
Practical Criteria for Scheduling CPU-Bound Jobs in Mobile Devices at the Edge

The ubiquity of mobile devices, their strong computational capabilities -frequently underused by the owners- and their close relationship to IoT environments, make them valuable providers of computing power at the edge, i.e. as an aid to deal with remote computing servers high-delay communication. Then, researchers have proposed to take advantage of the connection regularity of groups of mobile devices to fixed wireless networking infrastructures, e.g., access points, to scavenge mobile computing resources. However, among the key concerns to achieve such exploitation in an efficient way is providing new scheduling criteria for computations able to deal with the challenges posed by mobile devices finite energy sources. The value of considering battery-related parameters for ranking devices capabilities against not using them has been hardly investigated in the literature. Then, in this paper, we analyze several job scheduling criteria and provide statistical evidence that support our findings. The experiments are performed via a simulation software that employs energy consumption traces derived from real mobile devices, hence practical utility is ensured.
A Comparative Study of Extremely Low-Resource Transliteration of the World’s Languages

Transliteration from low-resource languages is difficult, in large part due to the small amounts of data available for training transliteration systems. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of several translation methods in the task of transliterating around 1000 Bible names from 591 languages into English. In this extremely low-resource task, we found that a phrase-based MT system performs much better than other methods, including a g2p system and a neural MT system. However, by combining the data and training a single neural system, we discovered significant gains over single-language systems. We release the output from each system for comparative analysis.
Studies on Prevalence of Trichinellosis in Pigs and Wild Animals

Trichinellosis is a meat-borne parasitic zoonosis with wide host range, transmitted via consumption of meat infested with Trichinella larvae. Pigs play an important role in transmission of trichinellosis to human beings. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of trichinellosis in domestic pigs and wild animals. Of the 432 pig diaphragmatic tissues screened at slaughter, three carcasses were found to harbour Trichinella larvae (prevalence rate = 0.69%). Detailed literature survey revealed two reports of Trichinella infection in domestic pigs from India and it is for the third occasion, the pork samples revealed Trichinella leading to third report of trichinellosis in domestic pigs in India. However, none of the wild animal samples examined in the present survey revealed any Trichinella larvae.
Chronotype influences response to antidepressant chronotherapeutics in bipolar patients

ABSTRACT Patient diurnal mood fluctuation, sleep characteristics and factors affecting sleep homeostasis predict antidepressant response to the combination of total sleep deprivation and light therapy (TSD + LT). In order to study if chronotype could influence response to TSD+LT, we considered 194 bipolar depressed patients. Severity of depression was rated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; perceived mood levels were assessed by a self-administered 10-cm visual analogue scale and chronotype was assessed using the Mornigness-Eveningness Questionnaire. More than 60% of patients resulted responders to treatment with chronotype influencing the antidepressant response with evening type subjects showing higher response rates.
N T ] 4 M ay 2 01 8 SEQUENTIAL PERIODS OF THE CRYSTALLINE FROBENIUS

There is a notion of p-adic period coming from the crystalline Frobenius automorphism of the de Rham cohomology of an algebraic variety. In this paper, we consider sequences of p-adic periods, one for each prime. We study the sequences using motivic periods, and we formulate an analogue of the Grothendieck period conjecture.
A Model Study of Gravity Waves over Hurricane Humberto (2001)

Abstract Atmospheric gravity waves are known to influence global circulations. Understanding these waves and their sources help to develop parameterizations that include their effects in climate and weather forecasting models. Deep convection is believed to be a major source for these waves and hurricanes may be particularly intense sources. Simulations of Hurricane Humberto (2001) are studied using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU–NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5). Humberto is simulated at both tropical storm and hurricane stages. Fourier transform and wavelet analysis are employed to investigate wave characteristics and their behavior in the lower stratosphere. The Fourier analysis gives a regional view of storm affects, whereas wavelet analysis gives a local picture of isolated events. Analysis of the movement of convective sources and local winds gives further insight into the mechanisms that can cause gravity waves. Convectively generated grav.
Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in Tackling Cyber Crimes

As we are living in an interconnected online world, most of our everyday communications and commercial activities now take place via the Internet. Since cyber infrastructure is highly vulnerable to attacks, the threats in cyber space move at the speed of light. With the speed of cyber activity and high volume of data used, the protection of cyber space cannot be handled by any physical device or by human intervention alone. It needs considerable automation to detect threats and to make intelligent real-time decisions. It is difficult to develop software with conventional algorithms to effectively protect against the dynamically evolving attacks. It can be tackled by applying bio inspired computing methods of artificial intelligence to the software. The purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities of artificial intelligence in addressing the cybercrime issues.
A survival analysis of the last great European plagues: The case of Nonantola (Northern Italy) in 1630

This paper develops the first survival analysis of a large-scale mortality crisis caused by plague. For the time-to-event analyses we used the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Our case study is the town of Nonantola during the 1630 plague, which was probably the worst to affect Italy since the Black Death. Individual risk of death did not depend on sex, grew with age (peaking at ages 40–60 and then declining), was not affected by socio-economic status, and was positively associated with household size. We discuss these findings in light of the historical–demographic and palaeo-demographic literature on medieval and early modern plagues. Our results are compatible with the debated idea that ancient plague was able to spread directly from human to human. Our methods could be replicated in other studies of European plagues to nuance and integrate the findings of recent palaeo-biological and palaeo-demographic research on plague.
Corporate venture capital and the nature of innovation

ABSTRACT This paper investigates a model where two corporate venture capital firms (CVCs) decide whether to finance a new venture stand-alone or together, called syndication. The CVCs obtain a cash flow if the venture succeeds. In addition, the venture has a positive or negative effect on an asset (e.g. a product or a process) of the CVCs parental companies. This effect may differ among the parental companies. I show that the CVC faced with the weaker positive effect becomes the stand-alone investor only if the cash flow is low. Otherwise, in equilibrium, there are only syndicates or stand-alone investments of the CVC with the stronger positive effect. However, if one CVC faces a positive effect on its parental company's asset whereby the opponent faces a negative effect, then a syndicate is still possible. The model generates empirical predictions for syndicates consisting of several CVCs.
Title Developmental effects of two different copper oxide nanomaterials in sea urchin ( Lytechinus pictus ) embryos Permalink

Copper oxide nanomaterials (nano-CuOs) are widely used and can be inadvertently introduced into estuarine and marine environments. We analyzed the effects of different nano-CuOs (a synthesized and a less-pure commercial form), as well as ionic copper (CuSO4) on embryo development in the white sea urchin, a well-known marine model. After 96 h of development with both nano-CuO exposures, we did not detect significant oxidative damage to proteins but did detect decreases in total antioxidant capacity. We show that the physicochemical characteristics of the two nano-CuOs play an essential role in their toxicities. Both nano-CuOs were internalized by embryos and their differential dissolution was the most important toxicological parameter. The synthesized nano-CuO showed greater toxicity (EC501⁄4 450 ppb of copper) and had increased dissolution (2.5% by weight over 96 h) as compared with the lesspure commercial nano-CuO (EC501⁄4 5395 ppb of copper, 0.73% dissolution by weight over 96 h). Copper caused specific developmental abnormalities in sea urchin embryos including disruption of the aboral-oral axis as a result in changes to the redox environment caused by dissolution of internalized nano-CuO. Abnormal skeleton formation also occurred.
Chitinase genes (CHIAs) provide genomic footprints of a post-Cretaceous dietary radiation in placental mammals

Mammal genomes retain remnants of chitinase genes, pointing to dietary shifts in the wake of the K/Pg mass extinction. The end-Cretaceous extinction led to a massive faunal turnover, with placental mammals radiating in the wake of nonavian dinosaurs. Fossils indicate that Cretaceous stem placentals were generally insectivorous, whereas their earliest Cenozoic descendants occupied a variety of dietary niches. It is hypothesized that this dietary radiation resulted from the opening of niche space, following the extinction of dinosaurian carnivores and herbivores. We provide the first genomic evidence for the occurrence and timing of this dietary radiation in placental mammals. By comparing the genomes of 107 placental mammals, we robustly infer that chitinase genes (CHIAs), encoding enzymes capable of digesting insect exoskeletal chitin, were present as five functional copies in the ancestor of all placental mammals, and the number of functional CHIAs in the genomes of extant species positively correlates with the percentage of invertebrates in their diets. The diverse repertoire of CHIAs in early placental mammals corroborates fossil evidence of insectivory in Cretaceous eutherians, with descendant lineages repeatedly losing CHIAs beginning at the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary as they radiated into noninsectivorous niches. Furthermore, the timing of gene loss suggests that interordinal diversification of placental mammals in the Cretaceous predates the dietary radiation in the early Cenozoic, helping to reconcile a long-standing debate between molecular timetrees and the fossil record. Our results demonstrate that placental mammal genomes, including humans, retain a molecular record of the post-K/Pg placental adaptive radiation in the form of numerous chitinase pseudogenes.
Convolutional neural networks for an automatic classification of prostate tissue slides with high-grade Gleason score

The Gleason grading system was developed for assessing prostate histopathology slides. It is correlated to the outcome and incidence of relapse in prostate cancer. Although this grading is part of a standard protocol performed by pathologists, visual inspection of whole slide images (WSIs) has an inherent subjectivity when evaluated by different pathologists. Computer aided pathology has been proposed to generate an objective and reproducible assessment that can help pathologists in their evaluation of new tissue samples. Deep convolutional neural networks are a promising approach for the automatic classification of histopathology images and can hierarchically learn subtle visual features from the data. However, a large number of manual annotations from pathologists are commonly required to obtain sufficient statistical generalization when training new models that can evaluate the daily generated large amounts of pathology data. A fully automatic approach that detects prostatectomy WSIs with high–grade Gleason score is proposed. We evaluate the performance of various deep learning architectures training them with patches extracted from automatically generated regions–of–interest rather than from manually segmented ones. Relevant parameters for training the deep learning model such as size and number of patches as well as the inclusion or not of data augmentation are compared between the tested deep learning architectures. 235 prostate tissue WSIs with their pathology report from the publicly available TCGA data set were used. An accuracy of 78% was obtained in a balanced set of 46 unseen test images with different Gleason grades in a 2–class decision: high vs. low Gleason grade. Grades 7–8, which represent the boundary decision of the proposed task, were particularly well classified. The method is scalable to larger data sets with straightforward re–training of the model to include data from multiple sources, scanners and acquisition techniques. Automatically generated heatmaps for theWSIs could be useful for improving the selection of patches when training networks for big data sets and to guide the visual inspection of these images.
Employing Fusion of Learned and Handcrafted Features for Unconstrained Ear Recognition

We present an unconstrained ear recognition framework that outperforms state-of-the-art systems in different publicly available image databases. To this end, we developed CNN-based solutions for ear normalization and description, we used well-known handcrafted descriptors, and we fused learned and handcrafted features to improve recognition. We designed a two-stage landmark detector that successfully worked under untrained scenarios. We used the results generated to perform a geometric image normalization that boosted the performance of all evaluated descriptors. Our CNN descriptor outperformed other CNN-based works in the literature, specially in more difficult scenarios. The fusion of learned and handcrafted matchers appears to be complementary as it achieved the best performance in all experiments. The obtained results outperformed all other reported results for the UERC challenge, which contains the most difficult database nowadays.
Norms of online expressions of emotion: Comparing Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp

The main aim of this study was to examine the norms of expressing emotions on social media. Specifically, the perceived appropriateness (i.e. injunctive norms) of expressing six discrete emotions (i.e. sadness, anger, disappointment, worry, joy, and pride) was investigated across four different social media platforms. Drawing on data collected in March 2016 among 1201 young Dutch users (15–25 years), we found that positive expressions were generally perceived as more appropriate than negative expressions across all platforms. In line with the objective of the study, some platform differences were found. The expression of negative emotions was rated as most appropriate for WhatsApp, followed by Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. For positive emotion expression, perceived appropriateness was highest for WhatsApp, followed by Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. Additionally, some gender differences were found, while age showed little variations. Overall, the results contribute to a more informed understanding of emotion expression online.
siRNA Silencing EZH 2 Reverses Cisplatin-resistance of Human Non-small Cell Lung and Gastric Cancer Cells

Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor and currently the cancer causing the highest mortality worldwide (Gadgeel et al., 2013). Among which, the vast majority of lung cancer is human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for approximately 85% of the total number (Hensing et al., 2014). Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cancer in the world (Shi et al., 2014) and its prevalence ranks the second in China (Zhang et al., 2010). Chemotherapy is the main treatment method for these 2 types of cancers either as neoadjuvant therapy (i.e. pre-operative treatment), as adjuvant therapy (i.e. postoperative treatment), or as palliative therapy for patients with inoperable advanced cancers. Platinum drugs are an important class of chemotherapeutic drugs for cancers, among which, cisplatin is one of the most representative drugs (Hato et al., 2014). However, lung cancer tends to develop resistance to cisplatin during chemotherapy, leading to treatment failure. In contrast, gastric cancer is often insensitive to cisplatin at the beginning of treatment. In the past 2 decades, targeted therapy has made great
Political Integration and National Parliaments in Europe

Does political integration challenge democracy by undermining the impact of national parliaments and parliamentary elections on policy making? This question has given rise to an expansive body of literature on the role of national parliaments in the world’s most advanced project of political integration, the European Union. This paper reviews what we have learned from this literature, focussing on how European integration affects and is affected by (1) parliamentary influence on legislation and (2) parliamentary links to citizens. While we have an increasingly sophisticated understanding of a variety of mutual effects regarding the first question, we observe few effects between European integration and parliamentary links to citizens.
Molecular biomarkers in urothelial bladder cancer

Bladder cancers are a mixture of heterogeneous cell populations, and numerous factors are likely to be involved in dictating their recurrence, progression, and the patient's survival. For any candidate prognostic marker to have considerable clinical relevance, it must add some predictive capacity beyond that offered by the conventional clinical and pathological parameters. None of the biomarkers reported to date have shown sufficient sensitivity and specificity for detecting the whole spectrum of bladder cancer diseases in routine clinical practice. The limitations of established prognostic markers requires us to identify better molecular parameters that could be of interest in predicting the prognosis of bladder cancer patients, in particular, the high‐risk patient groups that are at risk of progression and recurrence. Recent progress in epigenetic modification and gene silencing opened a new avenue for the identification of epigenetic markers, which appears to be more useful for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Although epigenetic markers also have limitations, the combined epigenetic marker approach may increase sensitivity and reliability. The epigenetic silencing of tumor‐suppressor genes is interesting from a clinical standpoint because of the possibility of reversing epigenetic changes and restoring gene function in a cell. In addition, microarray technology provides us with additional tools for the analysis of global gene‐expression analysis of tumor samples. Future microarray analyses are likely to reveal particular gene‐expression signatures that predict the likelihood of bladder cancer progression and recurrence, as well as a patient's survival and responsiveness to different anticancer therapies, with great specificity and sensitivity. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 646–652)