Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Problematic uses of ICTs among young people in their personal and school life

Studies on ICT use in education usually focus on ICT’s contribution to training processes. However, scarce research has concentrated on the problematic use of ICT among young people in the school context, and most of it approaches the problem from a psychopathological perspective. The purpose of this paper, in contrast, is to analyse problematic ICT use among young people in their personal and school setting. The methodology involved applying a questionnaire to a sample of 1,052 youths aged between 12 and 18 years old. The study starts with a univariate and bivariate descriptive analysis. Subsequently, three Poisson regression models were developed to evaluate the contribution of several predictor variables to the three types of problematic uses identified in their sphere, learning processes and classroom relationships. Results show a relationship between problematic ICT use in personal and school settings, with older youths who use smartphones (the) most likely to engage in this type of behaviour. The use of mobile technology largely explains the problematic behaviour in the use of ICT among young people in personal and school contexts, which justifies the need to promote actions contributing to more responsible use of this type of technology in all areas of their personal, school and social life. Los estudios sobre el uso de las TIC en educación suelen analizar su contribución a los procesos formativos. Son escasas las investigaciones centradas en los usos problemáticos de las TIC que realizan los jóvenes en el contexto escolar y, la mayoría, lo abordan desde una perspectiva psicopatológica. El propósito del presente artículo es analizar los usos problemáticos de las TIC entre jóvenes en su ámbito personal y escolar. La metodología consistió en la aplicación de un cuestionario a 1.052 jóvenes de entre 12 y 18 años. El estudio se inicia con un análisis univariante y bivariante. Posteriormente, se desarrollan tres modelos de regresión de Poisson para valorar la contribución de diversas variables predictoras sobre tres tipos de usos problemáticos identificados en: el ámbito personal, los procesos de aprendizaje y las relaciones de aula. Los resultados muestran una relación entre los usos problemáticos en el ámbito personal y escolar, siendo los chicos de mayor edad y que utilizan intensivamente los «smartphones» los que más probabilidades tienen de incurrir en este tipo de comportamientos. El uso de la tecnología móvil explica en gran medida las conductas inadecuadas en el uso de las TIC en los ámbitos personal y escolar entre los jóvenes, lo que justifica la necesidad de promover actuaciones que contribuyan a un uso más responsable de este tipo de tecnología en todos los ámbitos de su vida personal, escolar y social.
Training and Development for a Successful Tourism Industry in Newfoundland:A Literature Review

This project involves a review of the literature on training and development, tourism training, and rural tourism. The aim is to identify information that may contribute to a successful tourism industry in Newfoundland, Canada. A set of considerations is provided for the purpose of understanding training and development needs in a rural context. The literature review aims to interpret previous research in order to condense it into practical and accessible information for tourism professionals and policy makers in the province. Findings suggest that cooperation among stakeholders is critical to the success of the rural tourism industry.
Dark matter halo merger histories beyond cold dark matter – I. Methods and application to warm dark matter

We describe a methodology to accurately compute halo mass functions, progenitor mass functions, merger rates and merger trees in non-cold dark matter universes using a self-consistent treatment of the generalized extended Press–Schechter formalism. Our approach permits rapid exploration of the subhalo population of galactic haloes in dark matter models with a variety of different particle properties or universes with rolling, truncated or more complicated power spectra. We make detailed comparisons of analytically derived mass functions and merger histories with recent warm dark matter cosmological N-body simulations, and find excellent agreement. We show that once the accretion of smoothly distributed matter is accounted for, coarse-grained statistics such as the mass accretion history of haloes can be almost indistinguishable between cold and warm dark matter cases. However, the halo mass function and progenitor mass functions differ significantly, with the warm dark matter cases being strongly suppressed below the free-streaming scale of the dark matter. We demonstrate the importance of using the correct solution for the excursion set barrier first-crossing distribution in warm dark matter – if the solution for a flat barrier is used instead, the truncation of the halo mass function is much slower, leading to an overestimate of the number of low-mass haloes.
Relevance of methodological choices for accounting of land use change carbon fluxes

Accounting for carbon fluxes from land use and land cover change (LULCC) generally requires choosing from multiple options of how to attribute the fluxes to regions and to LULCC activities. Applying a newly developed and spatially explicit bookkeeping model BLUE (bookkeeping of land use emissions), we quantify LULCC fluxes and attribute them to land use activities and countries by a range of different accounting methods. We present results with respect to a Kyoto Protocol‐like “commitment” accounting period, using land use emissions of 2008–2012 as an example scenario. We assess the effect of accounting methods that vary (1) the temporal evolution of carbon stocks, (2) the state of the carbon stocks at the beginning of the period, (3) the temporal attribution of carbon fluxes during the period, and (4) treatment of LULCC fluxes that occurred prior to the beginning of the period. We show that the methodological choices result in grossly different estimates of carbon fluxes for the different attribution definitions.
The Circum-Galactic Medium of Massive Spirals. II. Probing the Nature of Hot Gaseous Halo around the Most Massive Isolated Spiral Galaxies

We present the analysis of the XMM-Newton data of the Circum-Galactic Medium of MASsive Spirals (CGM-MASS) sample of six extremely massive spiral galaxies in the local universe. All the CGM-MASS galaxies have diffuse X-ray emission from hot gas detected above the background extending from the galactic center. This doubles the existing detection of such extended hot CGM around massive spiral galaxies. The radial soft X-ray intensity profile of hot gas can be fitted with a β-function, with the slope typically in the range of . This range, as well as those β values measured for other massive spiral galaxies, including the Milky Way (MW), are in general consistent with X-ray luminous elliptical galaxies of similar hot gas luminosity and temperature, and with those predicted from a hydrostatic-isothermal gaseous halo. Hot gas in such a massive spiral galaxy tends to have temperature comparable to its virial value, indicating the importance of gravitational heating. This is in contrast to lower mass galaxies, where hot gas temperature tends to be systematically higher than the virial one. The ratio of the radiative cooling to free fall timescales of hot gas is much larger than the critical value of ∼10 throughout the entire halos of all the CGM-MASS galaxies, indicating the inefficiency of gas cooling and precipitation in the CGM. The hot CGM in these massive spiral galaxies is thus most likely in a hydrostatic state, with the feedback material mixed with the CGM, instead of escaping out of the halo or falling back to the disk. We also homogenize and compare the halo X-ray luminosity measured for the CGM-MASS galaxies and other galaxy samples and discuss the “missing” galactic feedback detected in these massive spiral galaxies.
Safety Evaluation of Turbo-Roundabouts Using Floating Car Data and Video Observation

Roundabouts are one of the safest types of intersections. However, the needs to meet the requirements of operation, capacity, traffic organization and surrounding development lead to a variety of design solutions. One of such alternatives are turbo-roundabouts, which simplify drivers’ decision making, limit lane changing in the roundabout, and induce low driving speed thanks to raised lane dividers. However, in spite of their generally positive reception, the safety impact of turbo-roundabouts has not been sufficiently studied. Given the low number of existing turbo-roundabouts and the statistical rarity of accident occurrence, the prevalent previously conducted studies applied only simple before-after designs or relied on traffic conflicts in micro-simulations. Nevertheless, the presence of raised lane dividers is acknowledged as an important feature of well performing and safe turboroundabouts. Following the previous Polish studies, the primary objective of the present study is to develop a reliable and valid surrogate safety measure based on field data, which will circumvent the limitations of accident data or microsimulations. The secondary objective will be to use the surrogate safety measure to assess and compare the safety levels of Polish turbo-roundabout samples with and without raised lane dividers. The surrogate safety measure is based on speed and lane behaviour. Speed was obtained from video observations and floating car data, which enable the construction of representative speed profiles. Lane behaviour data were gathered from video observations. The collection of the data allowed for a relative validation of the method by comparing the safety performance of turbo-roundabouts with and without raised lane dividers. In the end, the surrogate measure was applied for evaluation of safety levels and will also enhance the existing accident prediction models, combining traffic volumes, trajectory geometry and speeds. The final models can help quantify the safety impact of different turboroundabout solutions.
Self-consistent site-dependent DFT+
U
 study of stoichiometric and defective 
SrMnO3

We propose a self-consistent site-dependent Hubbard U approach for density functional theory (DFT)+U calculations of defects in complex transition metal oxides, using Hubbard parameters computed via linear response theory. The formation of a defect locally perturbs the chemical environment of Hubbard sites in its vicinity, resulting in different Hubbard U parameters for different sites. Using oxygen vacancies in SrMnO3 as a model system, we investigate the dependence of U on the chemical environment and study its influence on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of defective bulk and strained thin-film structures. Our results show that a self-consistent U improves the description of stoichiometric bulk SrMnO3 with respect to generalized gradient approximation (GGA) or GGA+U calculations using an empirical U. For defective systems, U changes as a function of the distance of the Hubbard site from the defect, its oxidation state, and the magnetic phase of the bulk structure. Taking into account this dependence, in turn, affects the computed defect formation energies and the predicted strain- and/or defect-induced magnetic phase transitions, especially when occupied localized states appear in the band gap of the material upon defect creation.
Literature in Foreign Language Education Programs: A New Perspective

Many of the studies on the subject of literature as an essential part of the English education programs in Arab universities has concentrated on only professors’ views and attitudes to these courses. By contrast, the following article describes a qualitative investigation on how former students and presently in-service English teachers felt about studying English literature during their university years. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with six English-major graduates who teach EFL at high and secondary schools in Misurata. Libya. The study has revealed that participants were not positive about literature courses as they maintain that these courses have contributed little to their language development and teaching careers. They have narrated several factors which limited benefiting from these courses. Some of these factors are the teaching and learning practices in the language classroom, the difficulty and oddness of vocabulary and structures of literature texts and the lack of skills in English. Based on the interviews, reflections and implications of these barriers are made.
Radiographic Outcome and Adjacent Segment Evaluation Two Years after Cervical Disc Replacement with the BagueraÂ®C Prosthesis as Treatment of Degenerative Cervical Disc Disease

Introduction: In many cases, cervical arthroplasty can avoid adjacent segment degeneration, by preserving the mobility of the operated level. In this paper, we present and analyze the radiological results of a cohort of patients who underwent cervical disc arthroplasty, with the Baguera®C cervical disc prosthesis. Material and methods: 99 patients and a total of 123 prostheses were included in a retrospective analysis of radiographic images, based on a registry type data collection, with a two-year follow-up (FU). The radiological data was independently assessed for the range of motion, disc angle, disc height at the operated level and at the adjacent level, and for heterotopic ossifications (HO). Results: At the operated level, the range of motion (ROM) decreased from 10.2° preoperatively to 8.7° (nonsignificant) after two years in the one level total disc replacement (TDR) group, from 9.8° to 9.1° (non-significant) in the two levels TDR group. The motion of the upper FSU changed from 10.6° preoperatively to 13.5° after two years in the one level TDR group, from 11.6° to 10.9° in the two levels group. The disc height at the level of the operated FSU changed from 4 mm preoperatively to 7.1 mm after six weeks and 6.5 mm after two years for the one level TDR. The disc height at the level above the highest operated FSU changed from 4.24 mm preoperatively to 4 mm after six weeks and 4.2 mm after two years for the one level TDR, from 4.5 mm to 5.4 mm (6W) and 5.3 mm (2Y) for the two levels TDR. No heterotopic ossification was observed in 46% of the patients. HO was observed, respectively 20.1% grade I, 14.5% grade II, 13.7% grade III and 5.6% grade IV. HO restricting mobility (grades III and IV) were seen in 19.3%. The prostheses were mobile in 80.6% after two years. Conclusion: Cervical arthroplasty using the Baguera®C prosthesis, demonstrated cervical mobility preservation in 80.6% of the patients, an HO rate of 54%, mostly grade I and II, no signs of subsidence and no signs of degeneration or kyphosis of the adjacent disc. This motion preserving surgical treatment, either used alone or in combination with segmental fusion, shows encouraging results in term of adjacent level disease protection and appears, therefore, as safe and effective.
The IceCube Collaboration

The AMANDA-II data collected during the period 2000–2003 have been analysed in a search for a diffuse flux of high-energy extra-terrestrial muon neutrinos from the sum of all sources in the Universe. With no excess events seen, an upper limit of Eν × dNν/dEν< 7.4×10−8 GeV cm−2 s−1 sr−1was obtained. The sensitivity of the diffuse analysis of IceCube 9 string for 137 days of data is calculated to be Eν × dNν/dEν< 1.3× 10−7 GeV cm−2 s−1 sr−1. No excess events are observed, which confirms the AMANDA-II upper limit.
2 Simulations of Deformation Processes in Energetic Materials

The sensitivity of energetic materials has been studied extensively for more than half a century, both experimentally and numerically, due to its importance for reliable functioning of a munition and avoidance or mitigation of accidents (Bowden & Yoffe, 1952). While the shock initiation of an explosive under nominal conditions is relatively well understood from an engineering perspective, our understanding of initiation due to unintended stimuli (weak shock or fragment impact, fire, damaged explosive charge) is far less complete. As an example, one cannot exclude the ignition of an explosive due to mechanical deformation, potentially leading to lowor even high-order explosion/detonation as a consequence of mechanical stimuli with strain rates and pressures well below the shock sensitivity threshold. During the last two decades there has been an increased interest in the scientific community in understanding initiation sensitivity of energetic materials to weak insults. A relationship between energy dissipation and rate of plastic deformation has been developed for crystalline energetic materials (Coffey & Sharma, 1999). Chemical reactions are initiated in crystalline solids when a crystal-specific threshold energy is exceeded. In this sense, initiation is linked to the rate of plastic deformation. However, practical energetic materials are usually heterogeneous composites comprised of one or more kinds of energetic crystals (the filler, for which the mass fraction can exceed 90%) bound together with a binder matrix that often consists of several different polymer, plasticizer, and stabilizer materials. Clearly, the mechanical behavior of these polymer-bonded (plastic-bonded) explosives (PBXs) is far more complicated than for neat crystals of high explosive. It is necessary in realistic constitutive modeling of energetic compositions to incorporate features reflecting the complex, multiphase, multiscale structural, dynamical, and chemical properties; see, for example, Bennett et al., 1998, and Conley & Benson, 1999. The goal in constitutive modeling is to bridge the particulate nature at the mesoscale to the mechanical properties at the macroscale. The macroscale deformations applied to PBX composites in experiments are generally not the same as the local deformation fields in a component crystal within the composite. This has been demonstrated using grain-resolved mesoscale simulations wherein the individual grains and binder phases in a PBX are resolved within a continuum simulation framework.
Pharmacological and Clinical Importance of Integrin Antagonists in Treatment of Cancer

Integrins are heterodimeric molecules that are composed of 18 α-subunits and 8 β-subunits. They exist in 24 distinctive shapes based on combination of these sub-units and are mainly responsible for the adhesion of extracellular matrix (ECM) and immunoglobulin family molecules. Integrins mediate adhesion of epithelial cells to the basement membrane and also help in the migration, proliferation and survival of tumor cells. Studies also reveal that certain integrins act as markers for tumor cells and they also assist in both tumor progression and apoptosis. Studies reveal that unligated integrins in association with caspase 8 result in inhibition of ECM adhesion might result and integrin mediated death (IMD) on the other hand integrins in association with oncogenes or receptor tyrosine kinases can result in enhanced tumorigenesis. Among several types of integrins, αvβ3 and α5β1 have gained importance in anti-angiogenesis studies. Hence the role of antiangiogenesis antagonists has come into light. These include a variety of monoclonal antibodies and peptides. Each one of them has their own mechanism of action and antiangiogenesis activity. Current review aims at studying the phase 1 and 2 trails of these antagonists for anti-angiogenic function.
On the "Bruhat graph" of a Coxeter system

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Future emissions from Canadian boreal forest fires

New estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from Canadian forest fires were calculated based on a revised model for fuel consumption, using both the fire fuel load and the Drought Code of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. This model was applied to future climate scenarios of 2×CO2 and 3×CO2 environments using the Canadian Global Climate Model. Total forest floor fuel consumption for six boreal ecozones was estimated at 60, 80, and 117 Tg dry biomass for the 1×CO2, 2×CO2, and 3×CO2 scenarios, respectively. These ecozones cover the boreal and taiga regions and account for about 86% of the total fire consumption for Canada. Almost all of the increase in fuel consumption for future climates is caused by an increase in the area burned. The effect of more severe fuel consumption density (kilograms of fuel consumed per square metre) is relatively small, ranging from 0% to 18%, depending on the ecozone. The emissions of greenhouse gases from all Canadian fires are estimated to increase from about 162 T.
Gender Differences in Goal Orientation between High School Students in Physical Education Classes

Within kinesiology activities, concerning Nicholls’s Achievement Goal Theory, we distinguish between “task” goal orientation/ involvement and “ego” goal orientation/ involvement, according to which students evaluated their own competence. The main aim of this study was to determine if gender differences exist among high school students in task and ego orientation. The sample included 211 high school students, males and females, between 14 and 17 years of age (N=211, Nf =80, Nm=131). Individual differences in goal orientation of students have been assessed by the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire – TEOSQ (Duda et al., 1995, adapted for a Croatian population sample by Barić in 2001). The basic descriptive indicators were calculated, and the t-test was applied to test gender differences in goal orientation. The results showed that there were gender differences in ego orientation. Although males were more ego-oriented than girls (t=3.9; p=0.00), the results showed that both male and female students were dominantly task-oriented. In conclusion, high school students have a desirable goal orientation that directs them to learn new skills, to achieve personal development and to complete all the given tasks.
Role of Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Asthma and Confounding Factors.

Background: It has been found that activated eosinophils play an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.Objective: To clarify the validity of serum Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP) as parameter in assessment of asthma since it reflects the pulmonary inflammation in bronchial asthma. Patients and Methods: Serum ECP was determined in 139 asthmatic patients by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and compared to control . Results: Serum ECP was very highly significant higher (P<0.00001) in asthmatic patients than in control. There was no overlap between the lower asthmatic limit and higher limit of the control group. In addition, the ECP variation between asthmatic and control was correlated to variations in FEV1 percent predicted (P<0.0001) between both groups. There was an association between serum ECP levels and asthma severity and pattern. A cut – off of 20 μg/l for serum ECP was with sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 88% in detection asthma cases. The area under curve was found to be 0.805, meaning that determination of serum ECP was with a predictive value in detection of asthmatic cases.Conclusion: Serum ECP level may help in discrimination between asthmatic and non asthmatic individuals, also between symptomatic and asymptomatic asthmatic individuals. The residence does not influence serum ECP in our asthmatic patients.