Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of the trochlear nucleus in quail and comparative study of the trochlear nucleus, nerve, and innervation of the superior oblique muscle in quail, chick, and duck

The present study was undertaken to examine the development of the trochlear nucleus in quail and to compare the mature trochlear nucleus, nerve, and their sole target of innervation, the superior oblique muscle, in quail, chick, and duck. Study of the trochlear nucleus in quail from embryonic day 5 through hatching shows a maximum of 1,248 neurons on embryonic day 10 followed by spontaneous degeneration of 40% of the neurons between days 10 and 16. Previous studies have shown that although the initial and final number of neurons is different in chick and duck, the magnitude of trochlear cell loss in both species is about 40%. This study shows the average number of neurons in the nucleus of quail, chick, and duck, 2 weeks post‐hatching, to be 658, 743 and 1,459, respectively. Fiber counts in the trochlear nerve from electron micrograph montages at the same period indicated a ratio of about 1:1 between neurons and axons. While a majority of the fibers in these nerves are myelinated, an average of 3–6% of the fibers are unmyelinated. The nucleus in the quail not only contains the smallest number of neurons but it also innervates the smallest muscle in terms of total number of muscle cells and endplates. However, the opposite relationship does not hold true. The nucleus in duck contains the largest number of neurons, yet the largest number of muscle cells and endplates were found in the chick. The ratios between the neurons and muscle cells as well as between neurons and endplates are about the same in quail and duck. These ratios are much higher in the chick, reflecting the relatively small neuron pool destined for a relatively large target. In spite of variations in the number of neurons, muscle fibers, and endplates the average number of endplates per muscle fiber is relatively constant among the three species.
Simultaneous functional photoacoustic microscopy and electrocorticography reveal the impact of rtPA on dynamic neurovascular functions after cerebral ischemia

The advance of thrombolytic therapy has been hampered by the lack of optimization of the therapy during the hyperacute phase of focal ischemia. Here, we investigate neurovascular dynamics using a custom-designed hybrid electrocorticography (ECoG)-functional photoacoustic microscopy (fPAM) imaging system during the hyperacute phase (first 6 h) of photothrombotic ischemia (PTI) in male Wistar rats following recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA)-mediated thrombolysis. We reported, for the first time, the changes in neural activity and cerebral hemodynamic responses following rtPA infusion at different time points post PTI. Interestingly, very early administration of rtPA (< 1 h post PTI) resulted in only partial recovery of neurovascular dynamics (specifically, neural activity recovered to 71 ± 3.5% of baseline and hemodynamics to only 52 ± 2.6% of baseline) and late administration of rtPA (> 4 h post PTI) resulted in the deterioration of neurovascular function. A therapeutic window between 1 and 3 h post PTI was found to improve recovery of neurovascular function (i.e. significant restoration of neural activity to 93 ± 4.2% of baseline and hemodynamics to 81 ± 2.1% of baseline, respectively). The novel combination of fPAM and ECoG enables direct mapping of neurovascular dynamics and serves as a platform to evaluate potential interventions for stroke.
"Universidade produtiva" e trabalho docente flexibilizado

Este trabalho vai buscar se aproximar do quefazer diario dos professores/trabalhadores universitarios e das questoes que os afligem atualmente. Ele busca entender os processos vividos por estes docentes no contexto de reordenacao das praticas do magisterio superior segundo a logica mercantil caracteristica das politicas neoliberais que vem se disseminando pelo planeta desde o final do seculo XX. Toma como objeto especifico professores da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e constroi suas analises a partir de entrevistas, observacoes e analises de comunicacoes eletronicas. A partir destas diferentes aproximacoes do trabalho docente na UERJ, discute-se a nova logica laboral que se consolida nas atividades academicas das quais os proprios professores sao artifices fundamentais.
Up‐regulation of PK11195 binding in areas of axonal degeneration coincides with early microglial activation in mouse brain

Increased binding of the peripheral benzodiazepine binding site (PBBS) ligand [3H]PK11195 in the central nervous system of patients suffering from acute and chronic neuropathology has been associated with reactive microgliosis. However, it remains uncertain which stages of microglial activation occur in conjunction with the increased [3H]PK11195 binding. We used quantitative autoradiography for [3H]PK11195 and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for PBBS mRNA and markers of early and late microglial activation to investigate the time‐course of cellular responses in the hippocampus of mice with degeneration of the entorhinal‐hippocampal perforant path. The axonal lesion evoked an increase in the Bmax for [3H]PK11195 in hippocampus which peaked at 2 days post‐lesion, remained elevated at day 5 and began to decline at 10 days post‐lesion. These changes occurred in the absence of significant changes in affinity in vitro. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of isolated hippocampi using exon‐specific primers indicated the presence of several splice variants of PBBS mRNA, which appeared to be affected differentially by the lesion. The changes in PBBS mRNA and CD11b mRNA levels correlated with the Bmax for [3H]PK11195 during 10 days post‐lesion, suggesting that microglial activation couples with increases in mRNA levels for these markers. In addition, the onset of changes in PBBS mRNA levels coincided with the significantly elevated tumor necrosis factor mRNA levels present during early microglial activation at 2 days post‐lesion. We conclude that up‐regulation of [3H]PK11195 binding and PBBS mRNA levels coincided with early microglial activation, characterized by concomitantly increased microglial tumor necrosis factor mRNA levels, and persisted throughout the period with reactive microgliosis.
Ribonucleotides Covalently Linked to Deoxyribonucleic Acid in T4 Bacteriophage

Bacteriophage T4 was grown in the presence of labeled uridine. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the phage was shown to contain covalently attached ribonucleotides. The label appears not to be internal in the DNA strands. Presumably, it is at the ends of the DNA strands and this may be related to DNA initiation.
Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: an American College of Chest Physicians Delphi consensus statement.

OBJECTIVE Provide explicit expert-based consensus recommendations for the management of adults with primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothoraces in an emergency department and inpatient hospital setting. The use of opinion was made explicit by employing a structured questionnaire, appropriateness scores, and consensus scores with a Delphi technique. The guideline was designed to be relevant to physicians who make management decisions for the care of patients with pneumothorax. OPTIONS Decisions for observation, chest tube placement, surgical interventions, and radiographic imaging. OUTCOMES Effectiveness of pneumothorax resolution, duration of and patient tolerance of care, and pneumothorax recurrence. EVIDENCE Literature review from 1967 to January 1999 and Delphi questionnaire submitted in three iterations to a multidisciplinary physician panel. VALUES The guideline development group determined by consensus the relevant outcomes to be considered in developing the Delphi questionnaire. BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS The type and magnitude of benefits, harms, and costs expected for patients from guideline implementation. RECOMMENDATIONS Management decisions vary between patients with primary or secondary pneumothoraces, with observation of small pneumothoraces being appropriate only for primary pneumothoraces. The level of consensus varies regarding the specific interventions indicated, but agreement exists for the general principles of care. VALIDATION Recommendations were peer reviewed by physician experts and were reviewed by the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) Health and Science Policy Committee. IMPLEMENTATION The guideline recommendations will be published in printed and electronic form with distribution of synopses for patients and health care providers. Contents of the guideline will be incorporated into continuing medical education programs. SPONSORS The ACCP.
Drug use and experience in an urban college population.

Report of a pilot effort to determine the prevalence of certain drug usage (without medical prescription) among seniors in a New York City college. About 7% admitted to some degree of drug experience, but only about 1% could be classified as frequent users. Marijuana was by far the focal “popular” drug in campus use.
Founder succession in small businesses

xi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 The Problem . 1 Purpose of the Research . 4 Research Questions . 6 Operational Definitions . 7 Importance of the Research . 8 Limitations of the Research . 9 Summary . 10 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 11 General Succession Research . 11 Successor Origins.14 Firm Size and Succession Rate . 17 Precursors to Succession . 18 Industry and Environmental Factors . 24 Contingencies for Succession Success . 25 Succession Planning.26 Consequences of Succession (Non-market Related) . 28 Sport Team Performance . 31 Business Performance . 33 Frequency of Succession.35 Matching Successors to Organizational Needs . 37 Family Succession . 37 Founder Studies . 38 Founders are Different From Other CEOs . 42 Why Replace the Founder . 44 Various Succession Models . 46
Proteomic analysis of human prostate cancer †

Proteomics is a promising approach in the identification of proteins and biochemical pathways involved in tumorigenesis. In an effort to discover such proteins and pathways that are deregulated in prostate tumorigenesis, cellular proteomes of matched normal prostate epithelial cells and high‐grade prostate cancer cells were analyzed by tissue microdissection, two‐dimensional electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Forty protein alterations were detected in the tumors; however, the majority of these changes were not shared among the 12 neoplasms. In contrast, parallel cDNA microarray analysis identified a number of common gene expression changes. The marked heterogeneity of the observed protein alterations may have significance with regard to tumor biology and research strategies for molecular profiling analyses of human prostate cancer. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ovulation suppression for endometriosis.

BACKGROUND Although the etiology of endometriosis is unknown, several theories exist, the most popular of which is retrograde menstruation. As endometriosis can only be diagnosed by laparoscopy, neither the incidence (annual occurrence) nor the prevalence (proportion of the population affected) of endometriosis is known. The association between endometriosis and infertility isn't clear in Stage I (minimal) and Stage II (mild) endometriosis. Endometriosis appears to be an estrogen dependent condition. At the time of menopause, most endometriosis becomes quiescent. This hormonal dependency prompted researchers to seek agents which would suppress ovarian activity. OBJECTIVES To determine effectiveness of a) ovulation suppression with danazol, medroxy progesterone acetate, gestrinone, combined oral contraceptive pills and GnRH analogues versus placebo or no treatment and b) any of the above agents versus danazol, for the treatment of endometriosis explained infertility in terms of clinical pregnancy rate. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Subfertility Review Group specialised register of controlled trials was searched. SELECTION CRITERIA Four RCTs with five treatment arms compared an ovulation suppression agent with placebo or no treatment. Eight trials were identified comparing a suppressive agent with danazol. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS DATA EXTRACTION A diverse search strategy was employed, including hand-search of 43 core journals from 1966 to the present, bibliographies of relevant trials, MEDLINE database, abstracts from North American and European meetings and contact with authors of relevant papers. Relevant data were extracted independently by two reviewers using the standardised data extraction sheet. Validity was assessed in terms of method of randomisation, completeness of follow-up, presence or absence of crossover and co-intervention. DATA SYNTHESIS 2x2 tables were generated for all relevant outcomes. Odds ratios were generated using the Peto modified Mantel-Haenszel technique. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using x2. MAIN RESULTS The common odds ratio for pregnancy following ovulation suppression versus placebo or no treatment was 0.83 (95% CI 0.5-1.39). These data were statistically homogeneous although clinical heterogeneity was present. Their consistency in showing no treatment benefit suggests that this group of interventions is ineffective. Common odds ratio for pregnancy following all agents versus danazol was 1.20 (95% CI 0. 85-1.68). Again these data were homogeneous and suggest no significant treatment benefit in terms of pregnancy rate. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Given the significant period of amenorrhea associated with ovulation suppression, the lack of treatment benefit demonstrated and the adverse effects commonly associated with these treatments, ovulation suppression cannot be recommended as a standard therapy for endometriosis-associated infertility.
REPRESSION AND INHIBITION OF INDOLE-SYNTHESIZING ACTIVITY IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA

Lester, Gabriel (Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Shrewsbury, Mass.). Repression and inhibition of indole-synthesizing activity in Neurospora crassa. J. Bacteriol. 82:215–223. 1961. —The possibility of repression and feedback inhibition as regulating mechanisms for the synthesis of tryptophan by Neurospora crassa has been examined in a tryptophan auxotroph which accumulates indole (and indole-glycerol). Indole-synthesizing activity was determined with germinated conidia suspended in medium lacking tryptophan. This activity was almost absent from cells cultured on germination medium containing more than 1.0 μmole l-tryptophan per ml, and increased with decreasing concentrations of l-tryptophan. A similar depression of the formation of indole synthesizing activity was caused by 6-methyl- and d-tryptophan, and less effectively by 5-methyltryptophan; 4-methyltryptophan was slightly stimulatory. Preformed indole synthesizing activity was inhibited by l-tryptophan, 4- and 6-methyltryptophan, and to a lesser extent by 5-methyltryptophan; d-tryptophan had no effect in this respect. The inhibition of preformed activity was partially reversed by anthranilic acid, which is a precursor of indole. However, anthranilic acid did not increase indole synthesis by cells wherein the formation of indole-synthesizing activity had been depressed by culture in the presence of high concentrations of l- or d-tryptophan. These observations indicate that regulation of tryptophan synthesis in N. crassa might result from the action of tryptophan as a repressor and as a feedback inhibitor. The relation of these results to other regulatory systems is discussed.
Factors affecting the adoption of E-Commerce by New Technology Based Firms in the UK: the role of the Entrepreneurial Founding Team

This study contributes to the existing literature of IT/E-Commerce adoption both theoretically and empirically. Theoretically by combining the Resource Based Theory and the ‘Technology, Environment, Organization’ framework, while at the same time considering the Entrepreneurship and Human Capital theories in order to provide a theoretical base for the inclusion and measurement of the capabilities of all members of an Entrepreneurial Founding Team and to investigate the effect that they have on EC adoption. Empirically by considering the actual adoption of EC by 412 high-tech firms in the UK at the end of 2005 removing therefore self-reporting bias, while also investigating those factors that differentiate between non-adopting firms and basic adopters and those that distinguish between basic and enhanced adopters.
Le tremblement de terre d'El Asnam du 10 octobre 1980 : étude des répliques. Algérie

Le seisme d'El Asnam du 10 octobre 1980 a fait l'objet de plusieurs publications et de communications au Congres de Strasbourg (E.U.G.) du 13 au 16 avril 1981 et au Congres d'Alger du 15 et 16.juin 1981 qui lui a ete entierement consacre. Dans ce memoire, nous presentons les resultats obtenus a partir de l'analyse de 500 repliques et de plus de 80 solutions focales individuelles. Ces seismes qui se sont produits dans la region d'El Asnam entre le 15 octobre et le 16 novembre 1980 ont ete inscrits pour la plupart (93 %) par plus de 10 stations sismologiques (le nombre total d'enregistreurs etant de 25). Avant d'aborder l'etude des repliques (variation spatio-temporelle de la sismicite, chapitre VI ; mecanismes au foyer, chapitre VII), nous faisons une presentation de la geodynamique en Mediterranee ainsi que de la sismicite historique de l'Algerie (chapitre 1). Le seisme d'El Asnam du 9 septembre 1954 est egalement etudie dans ce chapitre (1). Les deuxieme et troisieme chapitres sont consacres a l'etude du seisme du 10 octobre 1980 ; localisation (localisation telesismique, relocalisation), mecanisme au foyer, repartition spatiale des repliques principales calculees par le C.S. E.M. et l'U.S.G.S. (chapitre II), etude macrosismique, deformations de surface (chapitre III). L'intervention sur le terrain (faite le lendemain du tremblement de terre) est decrite dans le chapitre IV. Nous exposons dans le chapitre V la methode de localisation des foyers des repliques ainsi que les problemes inherents a cette methode. Plusieurs tests sont effectues pour le choix du modele de vitesse, et nous discutons la precision des resultats obtenus. Enfin, nous etudions en detail la repartition spatio-temporelle de la sismicite (chapitre VI), ainsi que les relations qui peuvent exister entre les solutions focales obtenues et la sismicite, les ruptures de surface, les etudes de neotectonique (chapitre VII). En annexe (annexe 1), nous presentons les resultats de trois campagnes de microsismicite effectuees en Algerie (El Asnam, Setif, Blida) en novembre et decembre 1979, soit un an avant le tremblement de terre du 10 octobre 1980.
Multiple Scattering Calculations of Bonding and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Manganese Oxides

We present near edge X-ray absorption spectra of manganese oxides at the Mn L2,3, Mn K, and O K edges to investigate the relative sensitivity of the edges to bonding and structure. Collectively, the spectra probe local electronic structure and intermediate range crystal structure. Spin independent full multiple scattering calculations of the Mn K edge give good agreement with data above threshold and qualitatively reproduce the prepeak that is observed for each compound. We show that the apparent prepeak for MnO is not due to p-d hybridization at the Mn atom (in accordance with symmetry principles) or quadrupolar transitions but originates from multiple scattering within the fifth shell. We present spin dependent multiple scattering calculations of the O K edge and show that this edge allows for a more direct description of the 3d states than either the Mn L edge or K edge prepeak, which are complicated by multiplet effects.
Ab initio and semi-empirical van der Waals study of graphene–boron nitride interaction from a molecular point of view

We have performed a systematic semi-empirical and ab initio van der Waals study to investigate the bonding mechanism of benzene (C6H6), triazine (C3N3H3) and borazine (B3N3H6) adsorbed on graphene and a single boron nitride (BN) sheet. The two semi-empirical approaches used to include the van der Waals (vdW) interactions in our density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the strength of the molecule–surface interaction corresponds to a strong physisorption with no net charge transfer between the molecules and the corresponding substrates. This observation is strengthened by the use of first-principles non-local correlation vdW-DF functionals which provide a sound physical basis to include vdW interactions in DFT calculations. In particular we have employed two flavors of vdW-DF functionals which enabled us to determine the role of the non-local correlation effects in the molecule–surface bonding mechanism which cannot be assessed by using only semi-empirical vdW methods. Our study also reveals that the strength of the molecule–surface interaction can be influenced by the electronegativity of the B, C and N atoms.
Cerebral Laterality In Turner Syndrome: A Critical Review Of The Literature

Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder in females characterized by the complete or partial absence of one X chromosome. Its most consistent physical features include short stature and ovarian dysgenesis. TS individuals demonstrate a characteristic neurocognitive profile involving weaknesses in visuospatial processing. The hypothesis of defective right hemisphere specialization has been offered to explain the visuospatial deficits in TS. In contrast, an alternative explanation proposes a more uniform dysfunction of the left and right hemispheres, based on findings of symmetrical abnormalities. This article presents an overview of the two hypotheses, along with relevant findings on hemispheric specialization with respect to TS. The impact of the genetic and hormonal mechanisms on the neurocognitive profile of TS is also discussed and directions for further empirical research are identified.
Exhaustive QSPR Studies of a Large Diverse Set of Ionic Liquids: How Accurately Can We Predict Melting Points?

Several popular machine learning methods--Associative Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), k Nearest Neighbors (kNN), modified version of the partial least-squares analysis (PLSM), backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MLR)--implemented in ISIDA, NASAWIN, and VCCLAB software have been used to perform QSPR modeling of melting point of structurally diverse data set of 717 bromides of nitrogen-containing organic cations (FULL) including 126 pyridinium bromides (PYR), 384 imidazolium and benzoimidazolium bromides (IMZ), and 207 quaternary ammonium bromides (QUAT). Several types of descriptors were tested: E-state indices, counts of atoms determined for E-state atom types, molecular descriptors generated by the DRAGON program, and different types of substructural molecular fragments. Predictive ability of the models was analyzed using a 5-fold external cross-validation procedure in which every compound in the parent set was included in one of five test sets. Among the 16 types of developed structure--melting point models, nonlinear SVM, ASNN, and BPNN techniques demonstrate slightly better performance over other methods. For the full set, the accuracy of predictions does not significantly change as a function of the type of descriptors. For other sets, the performance of descriptors varies as a function of method and data set used. The root-mean squared error (RMSE) of prediction calculated on independent test sets is in the range of 37.5-46.4 degrees C (FULL), 26.2-34.8 degrees C (PYR), 38.8-45.9 degrees C (IMZ), and 34.2-49.3 degrees C (QUAT). The moderate accuracy of predictions can be related to the quality of the experimental data used for obtaining the models as well as to difficulties to take into account the structural features of ionic liquids in the solid state (polymorphic effects, eutectics, glass formation).