Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability of a Systematic Database Search Strategy to Identify Publications Resulting From Pharmacy Residency Research Projects

Purpose: This study aims to develop a systematic search strategy and test its validity and reliability in terms of identifying projects published in peer-reviewed journals as reported by residency graduates through an online survey. Methods: This study was a prospective blind comparison to a reference standard. Pharmacy residency projects conducted at the study institution between 2001 and 2012 were included. A step-wise, systematic procedure containing up to 8 search strategies in PubMed and EMBASE for each project was created using the names of authors and abstract keywords. In order to further maximize sensitivity, complex phrases with multiple variations were truncated to the root word. Validity was assessed by obtaining information on publications from an online survey deployed to residency graduates. Results: The search strategy identified 13 publications (93% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 99% accuracy). Both methods identified a similar proportion achieving publication (19.7% search strategy vs 21.2% survey, P = 1.00). Reliability of the search strategy was affirmed by the perfect agreement between 2 investigators (k = 1.00). Conclusion: This systematic search strategy demonstrated a high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for identifying publications resulting from pharmacy residency projects using information available in residency conference abstracts.
Systemic Inhibition of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Limits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Neutrophil Recruitment through Both Bradykinin and Angiotensin II-Regulated Pathways1

Recruitment of neutrophils to the lung is a sentinel event in acute lung inflammation. Identifying mechanisms that regulate neutrophil recruitment to the lung may result in strategies to limit lung damage and improve clinical outcomes. Recently, the renin angiotensin system (RAS) has been shown to regulate neutrophil influx in acute inflammatory models of cardiac, neurologic, and gastrointestinal disease. As a role for the RAS in LPS-induced acute lung inflammation has not been described, we undertook this study to examine the possibility that the RAS regulates neutrophil recruitment to the lung after LPS exposure. Pretreatment of mice with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril, but not the anti-hypertensive hydralazine, decreased pulmonary neutrophil recruitment after exposure to LPS. We hypothesize that inhibition of LPS-induced neutrophil accumulation to the lung with enalapril occurred through both an increase in bradykinin, and a decrease in angiotensin II (ATII), mediated signaling. Bradykinin receptor blockade reversed the inhibitory effect of enalapril on neutrophil recruitment. Similarly, pretreatment with bradykinin receptor agonists inhibited IL-8-induced neutrophil chemotaxis and LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment to the lung. Inhibition of ATII-mediated signaling, with the ATII receptor 1a inhibitor losartan, decreased LPS-induced pulmonary neutrophil recruitment, and this was suggested to occur through decreased PAI-1 levels. LPS-induced PAI-1 levels were diminished in animals pretreated with losartan and in those deficient for the ATII receptor 1a. Taken together, these results suggest that ACE regulates LPS-induced pulmonary neutrophil recruitment via modulation of both bradykinin- and ATII-mediated pathways, each regulating neutrophil recruitment by separate, but distinct, mechanisms.
Relationships between employee readiness for organisational change, supervisor and peer relations and demography

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the relationships and predictive power of supervisor and peer relations along with demographic factors towards employee readiness for organisational change in a developing country.Design/methodology/approach – Adopting a quantitative approach, this cross sectional study applies a self‐administered survey questionnaire for data collection. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlations are obtained using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 15.0 for Windows. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) is used to test a number of hypotheses. Finally, multianalysis of variances (MANOVA) is applied to find the relationships between change readiness and demographic characteristics.Findings – The results show that supervisor and peer relations (independent variable) and the number of dependents and younger employees (independent variables) have positive and significant relationships to readiness for change. In addition, these predictors are the key determinants .
Economic burden of recurrent venous thromboembolism: analysis from a U.S. hospital perspective.

PURPOSE An analysis of resource utilization and hospital costs associated with recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) is presented. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using a large U.S. hospital database. Patients with VTE-related hospitalization events during the period January-December 2010 were identified; data collection extended for up to 12 months after the index event. Postdischarge hospital resource use and total costs were compared in cohorts of patients with and without recurrent VTE. Regression analysis was performed to compare hospital costs and length of stay (LOS) during initial and subsequent VTE encounters. RESULTS Among the study population of 43,734 patients, 4% had postdischarge VTE-related events during the data collection period. The median and mean ± S.D. times to VTE recurrence were 48 days and 98 ± 106 days, respectively. Patients with recurrent VTE had more all-cause hospitalizations than those without recurrent VTE (mean ± S.D., 1.07 ± 0.96 versus 0.15 ± 0.53; p < 0.0001), more all-cause emergency room visits (mean ± S.D., 0.31 ± 0.66 versus 0.05 ± 0.31; p < 0.0001), and greater total costs (mean ± S.D., $28,353 ± $39,624 versus $17,712 ± $33,461; p < 0.0001). Relative to initial VTE admissions, admissions for recurrent VTE were, on average, associated with a 14% longer LOS (p = 0.0002) and a 22% higher total cost (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with recurrent VTE used more hospital resources than those without recurrent VTE. Readmissions for VTE were significantly longer and more costly than index encounters.
A comparison study of multi-class sentiment classification for Chinese reviews

Most of the previous researches on sentiment analysis concentrate on the binary distinction of positive vs. negative. This paper presents the multi-class sentiment classification problem that attempt to mine the implied rating information from reviews. We use four machine learning methods and two feature selection methods to find out whether or not the multi-class sentiment classification problem is the same to the binary sentiment classification problem, and whether it is equal to the traditional multi-class classification problem. Experiments show that multi-class sentiment classification problem is difficult than that of only determining the polarity of a review and that it is different from traditional multi-class classification problem, thus traditional multi-class classification method can not be directly used to deal with this problem.
Natural production of fluorinated compounds and biotechnological prospects of the fluorinase enzyme

Abstract Fluorinated compounds are finding increasing uses in several applications. They are employed in almost all areas of modern society. These compounds are all produced by chemical synthesis and their abundance highly contrasts with fluorinated molecules of natural origin. To date, only some plants and a handful of actinomycetes species are known to produce a small number of fluorinated compounds that include fluoroacetate (FA), some ω-fluorinated fatty acids, nucleocidin, 4-fluorothreonine (4-FT), and the more recently identified (2R3S4S)-5-fluoro-2,3,4-trihydroxypentanoic acid. This largely differs from other naturally produced halogenated compounds, which totals more than 5000. The mechanisms underlying biological fluorination have been uncovered after discovering the first actinomycete species, Streptomyces cattleya, that is capable of producing FA and 4-FT, and a fluorinase has been identified as the enzyme responsible for the formation of the C–F bond. The discovery of this enzyme has opened new perspectives for the biotechnological production of fluorinated compounds and many advancements have been achieved in its application mainly as a biocatalyst for the synthesis of [18F]-labeled radiotracers for medical imaging. Natural fluorinated compounds may also be derived from abiogenic sources, such as volcanoes and rocks, though their concentrations and production mechanisms are not well known. This review provides an outlook of what is currently known about fluorinated compounds with natural origin. The paucity of these compounds and the biological mechanisms responsible for their production are addressed. Due to its relevance, special emphasis is given to the discovery, characterization and biotechnological potential of the unique fluorinase enzyme.
GIS based decision support system for precision farming of cassava in India

Precision farming is the new concept of farming where spatial and temporal variability of soil and plant characteristics are taken into account for increasing the productivity of crop plants. In India, precision farming has been recommended for horticultural crops, rice, wheat, cassava, etc. Cultivation of cassava for industrial use needs field specific nutrient management practice and experiments have been conducted in different parts of India to develop site specific nutrient management (SSNM). Geospatial technologies such as remote sensing, GIS and GPS are being used to develop precision farming technologies for different crops. A nutrient decision support system (CASSNUM) software has been developed by CTCRI for site specific nutrient management of cassava in India. Based on field experiments over large number of cassava farms in India, we have developed fertilizer calculation charts which can be used for deciding on the rate of NPK fertilizers for specific yield targets. Application of fertilizers based on actual requirement of nutrients and indigenous supply has resulted in significant increase in yield, nutrient use efficiency and economic returns to farmers. In certain situations, farmers were applying excess amounts of nutrients than is needed and SSNM recommendations could increase yield by decreasing the rate of application of certain nutrients especially potassium. Results of the on farm experiments clearly demonstrated the importance of field specific management of various inputs to break the yield barrier observed in many crops. Studies are being undertaken by the authors to further refine the GIS based nutrient decision support system for precision farming of cassava.
Rate of Recalls in Congenital Hypothyroidism Based upon a Regional Survey in Isfahan, Iran, Using Serum T4 and TSH Analyses: Comparison of Two Different Recall Methods

Aims: To evaluate and compare the recall rate in congenital hypothyroidism screening project in Isfahan, first using an approach involving measures of both TSH and T4 and then using TSH alone. Methods: From June 2002 to January 2005, serum TSH and T4 level of referred neonates were measured at 3rd to 7th day of birth through venous sampling. If neonates’ serum TSH was >20 mIU/l or T4 was <6.5 µg/dl by the first protocol, or TSH was >20 mIU/l by the second protocol, they were recalled. TSH and T4 were measured using an immunoradiometric assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Neonates with TSH > 10 and T4 < 6.5 on their second measurement were considered as congenitally hypothyroid. Results: Serum T4 and TSH of 29,425 neonates by first and 57,235 neonates by second recall approach were measured. Recall rate was higher in the first protocol (2.2% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.05). Most of the recalled neonates in the first protocol were recalled for low T4 level (p < 0.05). The prevalence of CH was 1 in 350 livebirths. Conclusion: Although the recall rate was in the acceptable range by either approach, the TSH alone protocol seems to be a more sensitive and practical approach with the least recall burden and considering the high prevalence of CH in our region merit adaptation of widespread screening for CH using TSH measurements from heel stab blood spotted on filter paper.
Natural Course of Chronic HCV and HBV Infection and Role of Alcohol in the General Population: The Dionysos Study

BACKGROUND:Population-based studies of the natural course of chronic viral liver disease that consider comorbidity factors are lacking. Using data from the Dionysos Study, we quantified the burden of chronic viral liver disease and the role of alcohol intake to morbidity and mortality in a representative sample of subjects from the general population of two communities of Northern Italy.METHODS AND FINDINGS:We followed up 139 subjects with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and 61 with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection for a median (IQR) time of 8.4 (1.0) and 8.3 (0.9) yr, respectively. Ethanol intake was evaluated using a food-frequency questionnaire, fatty liver (FL) was diagnosed by ultrasonography, and liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocarcinoma (HCC) were diagnosed by liver biopsy. Exact multivariable Poisson regression was performed to identify predictors of death. The incidence and remission rates of FL were 9.0 and 29.7 in the HCV cohort and 4.0 and 30.4 per 1,000 person-years (PY) in the HBV cohort. Progression to LC and HCC was more common in the HCV than in the HBV cohort (4.5 vs 2.0 and 2.7 vs 2.0 per 1,000 PY, respectively). Ethanol intake was an independent predictor of LC in the HCV cohort [rate ratio (RR) = 4.15 (95% CI 1.02–41.2) for every increase of 30 g/day of ethanol intake at baseline] and of death rate in both cohorts [RR = 8.53 (95% CI 1.40–24.61) and 3.56 (1.34 to 26.50) for every increase of 30 g/day of ethanol intake at baseline]. CONCLUSIONS:The morbidity and mortality rate of HBV and HCV infection in the general population is lower than that reported in secondary-care populations, blood donors, or clinical series. Ethanol intake is an independent predictor of LC in subjects with chronic HCV infection and an independent predictor of death in subjects with either HCV or HBV infection.
Membrane-type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Regulates Macrophage-dependent Elastolytic Activity and Aneurysm Formation in Vivo*

During arterial aneurysm formation, levels of the membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase, MT1-MMP, are elevated dramatically. Although MT1-MMP is expressed predominately by infiltrating macrophages, the roles played by the proteinase in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation in vivo remain undefined. Using a newly developed chimeric mouse model of AAA, we now demonstrate that macrophage-derived MT1-MMP plays a dominant role in disease progression. In wild-type mice transplanted with MT1-MMP-null marrow, aneurysm formation induced by the application of CaCl2 to the aortic surface was almost completely ablated. Macrophage infiltration into the aortic media was unaffected by MT1-MMP deletion, and AAA formation could be reconstituted when MT1-MMP+/+ macrophages, but not MT1-MMP+/+ lymphocytes, were infused into MT1-MMP-null marrow recipients. In vitro studies using macrophages isolated from either WT/MT1-MMP-/- chimeric mice, MMP-2-null mice, or MMP-9-null mice demonstrate that MT1-MMP alone plays a dominant role in macrophage-mediated elastolysis. These studies demonstrate that destruction of the elastin fiber network during AAA formation is dependent on macrophage-derived MT1-MMP, which unexpectedly serves as a direct-acting regulator of macrophage proteolytic activity.
X-ray observation of ULAS J1120+0641, the most distant quasar at z = 7.08

We aim at probing the emission mechanism of the accreting super massive black holes in the high redshift Universe. We study the X-ray spectrum of ULAS1120+0641, the highest redshift quasar detected so far at z=7.085, which has been deeply observed (340 ks) by XMM-Newton. Despite the long integration time the spectral analysis is limited by the poor statistics, with only 150 source counts being detected. We measured the spectrum in the 2-80 keV rest-frame (0.3-10 keV observed) energy band. Assuming a simple power law model we find a photon index of 2.0+/-0.3 and a luminosity of 6.7+/-0.3 10^44 erg/s in the 2-10 keV band, while the intrinsic absorbing column can be only loosely constrained (NH 6 quasar has been investigated through a deep X-ray observation. In agreement with previous studies of z~6 AGN samples, we do not find any hint of evolution in the broadband energy distribution. Indeed from our dataset ULAS 1120+0641 is indistinguishable from the population of optically bright quasar at lower redshift.
Variation in rheumatologists' and family physicians' perceptions of the indications for and outcomes of knee replacement surgery.

OBJECTIVE To assess agreement among rheumatologists and family physicians (FP) about the indications for knee replacement (KR) referral, use of nonsurgical management options, and perceived outcomes of KR, and to determine the relationship between these opinions and the number of patients seen with severe osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. METHODS 98 adult rheumatologists and a random sample of 250 FP in Ontario, Canada were surveyed. Of the practising and traceable rheumatologists and FP, 70.0 and 5.16% responded, respectively. RESULTS FP disagreed on how 28 of 32 patient factors affected their KR referral decision, while rheumatologists disagreed on 26 of these 32 factors (p = 0.03). Rheumatologists and FP consistently disagreed on the use of 8 of 10 treatments for knee OA (p = 0.37). While rheumatologists and FP reported similar KR outcomes, FP were less in agreement (p = 0.03). Clinical disagreement for the indications for KR (p < 0.0001) and KR outcomes (p < 0.0001) were greater among FP than among orthopedic surgeons who were surveyed in a prior study. Clinical disagreement about the indications for KR was greater among rheumatologists than among surgeons (p = 0.04), but there was no difference in perceived KR incomes (p = 0.18). CONCLUSION Referring physicians disagreed on the indications for KR referral an on the treatments for knee arthritis, but were in general agreement regarding KR outcomes. Clinical disagreement was greater among FP than among rheumatologists, who in turn reported more disagreement than orthopedic surgeons. Explanations for these difference in perceptions should be the focus of research, but guidelines specifically tailored for each physician specialty may be required to reduce clinical uncertainty.
Power in everyday life

Significance Although power is a fundamental part of human relations, little is known about power in daily life. We studied the everyday experience of power by surveying individuals multiple times over 3 d regarding their subjective feelings of power and positional power. Power dynamics were a common, though not constant, experience. Rather than power being concentrated among a few individuals, almost half of participants reported sometimes holding high-power positions. People’s feelings of power did not always map onto the positions they held. Most variability in power was related to people’s changing situations rather than their stable traits. Low power negatively affected mood and cognition. Contrary to negative stereotypes of powerholders, higher power was associated with greater feelings of responsibility. How does power manifest itself in everyday life? Using experience-sampling methodology, we investigated the prevalence, sources, and correlates of power in people’s natural environments. Participants experienced power-relevant situations regularly, though not frequently. High power was not restricted to a limited few: almost half of the sample reported experiencing high-power positions. Positional power and subjective feelings of power were strongly related but had unique relations with several individual difference measures and independent effects on participants’ affect, cognition, and interpersonal relations. Subjective feelings of power resulted more from within-participant situational fluctuation, such as the social roles participants held at different times, than from stable differences between people. Our data supported some theoretical predictions about power’s effects on affect, cognition, and interpersonal relations, but qualified others, particularly highlighting the role of responsibility in power’s effects. Although the power literature has focused on high power, we found stronger effects of low power than high power.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PAKISTAN ARDL Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration

The present study is designed to investigate short-run and long-run linkage between school education and economic growth in Pakistan using annual time series data on real GDP, real physical capital, inflation and general school enrollment for the period 1970-71 to 2008-09. Cointegration between school education and economic growth is found in the present study. The results of this study also confirm the existence of two way direct long-run relationship between school education and economic growth in Pakistan. A two way inverse relationship between school education and economic growth is found in short run. Macroeconomic instability due to inflation retards economic growth and school education only in the long-run. A statistical significant and inverse relationship between school education and poverty is observed only in the short-run. On the basis of the findings, this study recommends reduction in macroeconomic instability and poverty. Policy action aiming at increasing school education and accelerating economic growth is desirable.
Impact of preoperative briefings on operating room delays: a preliminary report.

HYPOTHESIS Preoperative briefings have the potential to reduce operating room (OR) delays through improved teamwork and communication. DESIGN Pre-post study. SETTING Tertiary academic center. PARTICIPANTS Surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, and other OR personnel. INTERVENTION An OR briefings program was implemented after training all OR staff in how to conduct preoperative briefings through in-service training sessions. During the preoperative briefings, the attending surgeon led OR personnel in a 2-minute discussion using a standardized format designed to familiarize caregivers with each other and the operative plan before each surgical procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The OR Briefings Assessment Tool was distributed to OR personnel at the end of each operation. Survey items questioned OR personnel about unexpected delays during each procedure and the relationship between communication breakdowns and delays. Responses were compared before and after the initiation of the preoperative briefings program. RESULTS The use of preoperative briefings was associated with a 31% reduction in unexpected delays; 36% of OR personnel reported delays in the preintervention period, and 25% reported delays in the postintervention period (P<.04). Among surgeons alone, an 82% reduction in unexpected delays was observed (P<.001). A 19% reduction in communication breakdowns leading to delays was also associated with the use of briefings (P<.006). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative briefings reduced unexpected delays in the OR by 31% and decreased the frequency of communication breakdowns that lead to delays. Preoperative briefings have the potential to increase OR efficiency and thereby improve quality of care and reduce cost.