Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study the influence of whole sonicated Staphylococcus aureus antigens on septic arthritis in rabbits infected with these microorganism

In order to know the influence of whole sonicated S.aureus antigens (WSSAgs) on S.aureus septic arthritis, 15, white local rabbits, both sex, their weights ranged between 1.251. 50 Kg ,were randomly divided into 3 equal groups and treated as follow: 1-the 1 ST group was immunized with 0.5 ml of WSSAgs (3.3mg/ml protein concentration), two doses,14 days interval, at 28 days post-immunized . skin test was done by used soluble sonicatated S. aureus antigens and at day 30,Ab titers was recorded ,then the Vt and 2 nd groups were challenged with 0.5ml of bacterial suspension containing 1X1OCFU/ml ,intra synovial. the 3 group was inoculated with 0.5 ml of sterile normal saline and served as control negative group. All animals were sacrificed at 30 days post- challenge, sample from knee joint were taken for bacterial isolation and pathological examination. The results showed that WSSAgs elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses against S.aureus infection . severe swelling of the knee joint was noticed in the 2 group as well as the animals unable to use their legs. heavy bacterial isolation from infected joints was recorded in the 2 nd group with severe histopathological lesions in the infected joints characterized by suppurative inflammation of the perchondral area with inflammatory reaction, necrosis and erosion of the articular cartilage and these changes were extended to subchondral bone trabeculae and bone marrow lead to suppurative inflammaion and necrosis of the bone trabeculae . while there was no clinical signs and no bacterial isolation reported in immunized infected animals as well as no clear pathological changes t noticed in joints of immunized- infected animals.
Sleep habits, circadian preferences and substance use in a Mexican population: the use of the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi)

ABSTRACT This study aimed to validate the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi) in Mexico, analyzing the factor structure and sleep habits, combined with the proposal of cutoff values for the scales, and to assess the relationship with substance use. We applied the questionnaires through an online survey to a total sample of 510 Mexicans, aged 18–77 years (M = 27.79, SD = 10.24). The MESSi showed an acceptable fit and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were good to satisfactory in the Mexican sample in every subscale: Morning Affect (MA, α = 0.90), Eveningness (EV, α = 0.88), Distinctness (DI, α = 0.80). In order to obtain a better interpretation of the MESSi subscales, we decided to propose cutoff points corresponding to the 25th–75th percentile. The categories were depicted as strong trait presence, intermediate trait presence and weak trait presence. When applying the cutoff points for the MESSi sub-scales, with Morning Affect (MA), strong-types went to bed and woke up earlier and had more sleep than weak-types during weekdays and weekends and reported less social jetlag. For Eveningness (EV), strong-types went to bed and woke up later than weak-types on weekdays and weekends. Also, strong-types had a shorter time in bed during weekdays but not on weekends and reported more social jetlag. Lastly, with Distinctness (DI), the results reported that those with a strong-type showed greater amplitude on weekdays and weekends. Furthermore, the MESSi scale found that evening people consumed more alcohol and tobacco. Our study supported the validity and reliability of the MESSi in a Mexican population and the relationship between eveningness and substance consumption. Furthermore, the proposed cutoff scores for the MESSi sub-scales add a novel approach for the measurement and interpretation of the scale.
Clinical manifestations of non-typhoid Salmonella bacteremia in southern Taiwan

Abstract Purpose: This study is conducted to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with bacteremia caused by non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS). Methods: Patients with bacteremia caused by NTS during the period 2010 to 2014 were identified from a computerized database of a regional hospital in southern Taiwan. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of the 85 patients with NTS bacteremia were identified and 66% of them were classified as elderly patient with age ≥ 65 years. In addition to 30 (35.3%) cases of primary bacteremia, the most common source of secondary infection is acute gastroenteritis (n = 29, 34.1%). Group B was the most common NTS serogroup, followed by group D and C. More than 75% of the cases of NTS bacteremia developed in patients with immunocompromised conditions, which was defined as the patient had any one of the following conditions – cancer, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, connective tissue diseases, HIV infections, and receiving immunosuppressant or steroid. Clinical outcomes, including rate of ICU admission, acute respiratory failure, and mortality were 21.2%, 14.1%, and 11.8%, respectively. In-hospital mortality was significantly associated with shock as the initial presentation (odds ratio, 5.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.31-20.97). 94-98% of clinical isolates were susceptible to third-generation cephalosporin, but ciprofloxacin resistant rate was 17.6%. Conclusions: NTS bacteremia is not uncommon, especially in immunocompromised and elderly patients, and shock as the initial presentation is significant risk factors for mortality of patients with NTS bacteremia. Third-generation cephalosporin remains good in vitro activity against NTS.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: accurate diagnosis and early treatment

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) poses the greatest diagnostic challenge in the general context of interstitial lung diseases and, in particular, regarding interstitial pneumonias. (1-4) That is due to the clinical, imaging and histological overlapping with other chronic fibrosing pneumonias in which the pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) may occur, as in the case of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis or connective tissue diseases. (1,4) A Fleischner Society document(5) defines the imaging diagnosis of IPF in cases with the presence of typical UIP and advocates the same diagnosis in cases of probable UIP only when there is no clinical indicator regarding environmental exposure or autoimmunity that would suggest the presence of another chronic fibrosing pneumonia. In such cases, the diagnostic work-up should proceed with the performance of a pulmonary biopsy. (5) The rigor of that evaluation protocol aligns the document(5) with international guidelines published in 2011,(1) which also recommend a more interventional strategy involving BAL and surgical lung biopsy in cases of probable UIP. Within the investigation of differential diagnosis of IPF, as is shown in this issue of the JBP,(6) researching the family context is highly relevant because that type of fibrosis tends to have a different evolution and therapeutic response profile, so any family relationship should always be documented in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease.
Fiber stiffness, pore size and adhesion control migratory phenotype of MDA-MB-231 cells in collagen gels

Cancer cell migration is influenced by cellular phenotype and behavior as well as by the mechanical and chemical properties of the environment. Furthermore, many cancer cells show plasticity of their phenotype and adapt it to the properties of the environment. Here, we study the influence of fiber stiffness, confinement, and adhesion properties on cancer cell migration in porous collagen gels. Collagen gels with soft fibers abrogate migration and promote a round, non-invasive phenotype. Stiffer collagen fibers are inherently more adhesive and lead to the existence of an adhesive phenotype and in general confined migration due to adhesion. Addition of TGF-β lowers adhesion, eliminates the adhesive phenotype and increases the amount of highly motile amoeboid phenotypes. Highest migration speeds and longest displacements are achieved in stiff collagen fibers in pores of about cell size by amoeboid phenotypes. This elucidates the influence of the mechanical properties of collagen gels on phenotype and subsequently migration and shows that stiff fibers, cell sized pores, and low adhesion, are optimal conditions for an amoeboid phenotype and efficient migration.
Exploiting Correlations between Protein Abundance and the Functional Status of saeRS and sarA To Identify Virulence Factors of Potential Importance in the Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis

We used a murine model of postsurgical osteomyelitis (OM) to evaluate the relative virulence of the Staphylococcus aureus strain LAC and five isogenic variants that differ in the functional status of saeRS and sarA relative to each other. LAC and a variant in which saeRS activity is increased (saeC) were comparably virulent to each other, while ΔsaeRS, ΔsarA, ΔsaeRS/ΔsarA, and saeC/ΔsarA mutants were all attenuated to a comparable degree. Phenotypic comparisons including a mass-based proteomics approach that allowed us to assess the number and abundance of full-length proteins suggested that mutation of saeRS attenuates virulence in our OM model owing primarily to the decreased production of S. aureus virulence factors, while mutation of sarA does so owing to protease-mediated degradation of these same virulence factors. This was confirmed by demonstrating that eliminating protease production restored virulence to a greater extent in a LAC sarA mutant than in the isogenic saeRS mutant. Irrespective of the mechanism involved, mutation of saeRS or sarA was shown to result in reduced accumulation of virulence factors of potential importance. Thus, using our proteomics approach we correlated the abundance of specific proteins with virulence in these six strains and identified 14 proteins that were present in a significantly increased amount (log2 ≥ 5.0) in both virulent strains by comparison to all four attenuated strains. We examined biofilm formation and virulence in our OM model using a LAC mutant unable to produce one of these 14 proteins, specifically staphylocoagulase. The results confirmed that mutation of coa limits biofilm formation and, to a lesser extent, virulence in our OM model, although in both cases the limitation was reduced by comparison to the isogenic sarA mutant.
Immunisation of children and its correlates in rural Uttar Pradesh.

According to National Health Policy the child immunization program in India should by 1990 protect 85% of children below age 3 by DPT vaccine and 70% and 80% of infants by polio and BCG vaccines respectively. This study discusses the level of protection in the rural areas of Uttar Pradesh state where relatively higher infant and early childhood morbidity and mortality are seen and to understand associated factors including the role of the Primary Health Center (PHC). 1256 mothers who had given birth in the past year responded on a pre-structured interview schedule during the period November 1984 to February 1985. Levels of protection were very poor. 66.5% of children were covered by none of the 3 services 16.0% by 1 10.4% by 2 and only 7.1% by all 3. DPT coverage was highest at 23.7% followed by polio at 22.7% and BCG at 11.6%. Non-acceptance of immunization facilities was primarily because they were not told about it (73.3%) or they did not consider it necessary (19.2%). The proportion of those who were not approached by a health worker did not show any significant association with distance from the PHC. However 53.0% of children living within 3 kms of the PHC were unprotected compared to 68.7% of those living beyond 5 kms of the PHC. Of mothers who had received ante-natal consultation only 45.8% of their children were unprotected compared to 72.9% of mothers who did not. Muslim children were somewhat less likely than Hindu children to be covered; among Hindus protection was higher among the higher caste. The influence of the fathers education level was not seen until above the junior high school level; the mothers influence however was seen at the simple literacy level. 70.2% of children of illiterate mothers were unprotected while only 29.2% of those with high school education or above were unprotected. Significant correlations were also seen in immunization coverage and fathers occupation the housing situation of the family and family status.
WCPSS OUTCOMES SUMMARY FOR 2003-04, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON ACHIEVEMENT GAP STATUS

The Wake County Public School System (WCPSS) has seen positive changes in patterns of achievement and dropout rates over the past several years overall and by subgroup. The most positive one-year subgroup changes related to dropout rates for Black students and Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) for minority, low-income, and limited English proficient (LEP) students. However, many achievement gaps remain, and the system continues to work towards optimal achievement for all students and closing achievement gaps. Each of the sections that follow cites key findings from reports either already produced by the Evaluation and Research Department (E&R) or preliminary data from reports in progress.
Differences in kinematics and driver performance in elite female and male golfers

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare swing kinematic differences between women and men and investigate which variables predict clubhead speed (CHS) and carry distance (CD) whilst accounting for individual variation. Methods: Swing kinematics and driver performance data were collected on 20 (10 women) elite golfers (HCP 0.7 ± 1.4). We used Bayesian T-test for between sex comparison of swing kinematics and Bayesian Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to produce general linear models for CHS and carry distance for elite female and male golfers separately. Results: There was strong evidence that the driver performance variables CHS and CD were decreased in women compared to men, and two kinematic variables; time to arm peak speed downswing and angular wrist peak speed were slower in women. The ANCOVAs identified very strong to overwhelming evidence that participant as a fixed factor was a determinant of CHS for both women and men but was not a determinant of CD. Conclusion: when looking to enhance driver performance among high-level golfers, coaches should be aware that variables that determine CHS and CD differ among women and men and if the aim is to improve CHS coaches should not forget the importance of individual swing characteristics.
Patients’ ideas, concerns, expectations and satisfaction in primary health care – a questionnaire study of patients and health care professionals’ perspectives

Abstract Objective: Explore the perceptions of patients and health care professionals about patients’ ideas, concerns, expectations (ICE), and satisfaction in consultations with general practitioners (GPs), district nurses (DNs) and physiotherapists (PTs). Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire study of participants in planned consultations. Setting: Five primary health care centers and two rehabilitation centers in Stockholm, Sweden. Subjects: Pairs of patients and GPs (n = 156), patients and DNs (n = 73), and patients and PTs (n = 69). Main outcome measures: Multiple-choice questions about patients’ ICE and satisfaction. Results: Approximately 75% of patients and GPs reported that patients’ thoughts and explanations about their symptoms emerged during the consultation. For patient-DN pairs, the figure was 60%, and for patient-PT pairs, 80%. A majority of patients reported not having concerns and anxiety about the investigation/treatment, whereas health care professionals thought patients were more concerned. One-third of patients consulting GPs and PTs expected to receive a reason/explanation for their symptoms. Figures were lower for the DNs. About 70% of patients were satisfied with the consultation. Conclusions: Most patients expressed their ideas, a minority had concerns, and a minority expected an explanation of their illness. Patients and health care professionals rated patient satisfaction high, but health care professionals tended to believe patients were less satisfied than patients reported they were. Key points Patient surveys show that important aspects of patient-centeredness remain weak in Swedish primary health care; for example, shared decision-making. In this study of planned consultations, few patients expected to receive an explanation of their symptoms, but most were satisfied with the consultation. Health care professionals thought patients’ experiences were more negative than they were. This discrepancy was observed in responses to questions about patients’ concerns, expectations and satisfaction.
Awareness of Practice and Comparison with Best Evidence in Surgical Site Infection Prevention in Colorectal Surgery

Background: The use of mechanical bowel preparation and prophylaxis with oral antimicrobial agents can prevent surgical site infection (SSI) in colorectal surgical procedures, but routine adoption of these and other practices by surgeons has been limited. The aim of this study was to determine the actual practice and surgeon beliefs about preventative measures in elective colorectal operations and to compare them with established recommendations. Methods: Web-based survey was sent to colorectal surgeons assessing knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding the use of preventative measures for SSI. Results: Of 355 surgeons, 33% had no feedback of SSI rate; 60% believed in evidence for normothermia, wound edge protection, and use of alcohol solution, and reported use of these strategies. There was a discrepancy in the assumed evidence and use of hyperoxia, glove replacement after anastomosis, surgical tools replacement, and saline surgical site lavage. Most of respondents believe that oral antibiotic prophylaxis diminishes infection, but is indicated only by one third of them. Few surgeons believe in MBP, but many actually use it. Most surgeons believe that there is a discrepancy between published guidelines and actual clinical practice. As proper means to implement guidelines, checklists, standardized orders, surveillance, feedback of SSI rates, and educational programs are rated most highly by surgeons, but few of these are in place at their institutions. Conclusions: Gaps in the translation of evidence into practice remain in the prevention of SSI in colorectal surgical procedures. Several areas for improvement have been identified. Specific implementation strategies should be addressed in colorectal units.
Fanconi-BRCA pathway mutations in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

BRCA2 (also known as FANCD1) is a core component of the Fanconi pathway and suppresses transformation of immature T-cells in mice. However, the contribution of Fanconi-BRCA pathway deficiency to human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remains undefined. We identified point mutations in 9 (23%) of 40 human T-ALL cases analyzed, with variant allele fractions consistent with heterozygous mutations early in tumor evolution. Two of these mutations were present in remission bone marrow specimens, suggesting germline alterations. BRCA2 was the most commonly mutated gene. The identified Fanconi-BRCA mutations encode hypomorphic or null alleles, as evidenced by their inability to fully rescue Fanconi-deficient cells from chromosome breakage, cytotoxicity and/or G2/M arrest upon treatment with DNA cross-linking agents. Disabling the tumor suppressor activity of the Fanconi-BRCA pathway is generally thought to require biallelic gene mutations. However, all mutations identified were monoallelic, and most cases appeared to retain expression of the wild-type allele. Using isogenic T-ALL cells, we found that BRCA2 haploinsufficiency induces selective hypersensitivity to ATR inhibition, in vitro and in vivo. These findings implicate Fanconi-BRCA pathway haploinsufficiency in the molecular pathogenesis of T-ALL, and provide a therapeutic rationale for inhibition of ATR or other druggable effectors of homologous recombination.
Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage: diagnosis and initial management: summary of updated NICE guidance

### What you need to know Miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy have an adverse effect on the quality of life of many women, with early pregnancy loss accounting for over 50 000 hospital admissions in the UK annually.1 Ectopic pregnancy (where the pregnancy implants outside the endometrial cavity, most commonly within the fallopian tube) occurs in approximately 11 per 1000 pregnancies.2 Unfortunately, women still die during early pregnancy, with four maternal deaths reported in the UK between 2013 and 2015.3 However, the case fatality rate has decreased over recent years,2 suggesting that earlier diagnosis and treatment has made an impact. Accurate diagnosis and effective management of early pregnancy loss is therefore vital to avoid women dying unnecessarily, and to reduce the incidence of associated physical and psychological morbidity. This article summarises the updated recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) on the diagnosis and management of tubal ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage in early pregnancy (up to 13 completed weeks of pregnancy). 4 In addition to these updated recommendations, the guideline also contains recommendations on providing …
DBF: Dynamic Belief Fusion for Combining Multiple Object Detectors

In this article, we propose a novel and highly practical score-level fusion approach called <italic>dynamic belief fusion</italic> (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$DBF$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="lee-ieq1-2952847.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>) that directly integrates inference scores of individual detections from multiple object detection methods. To effectively integrate the individual outputs of multiple detectors, the level of ambiguity in each detection score is estimated using a confidence model built on a precision-recall relationship of the corresponding detector. For each detector output, DBF then calculates the probabilities of three hypotheses (<italic>target</italic>, <italic>non-target</italic>, and <italic>intermediate state</italic> (<italic>target</italic> or <italic>non-target</italic>)) based on the confidence level of the detection score conditioned on the prior confidence model of individual detectors, which is referred to as <italic>basic probability assignment</italic>. The probability distributions over three hypotheses of all the detectors are optimally fused via the <italic>Dempster’s combination rule</italic>. Experiments on the ARL, PASCAL VOC 07, and 12 datasets show that the detection accuracy of the DBF is significantly higher than any of the baseline fusion approaches as well as individual detectors used for the fusion.