Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital or Print? A Comparison of Preschoolers’ Comprehension, Vocabulary, and Engagement From a Print Book and an e-Book

Increasingly, children are engaging in early literacy experiences through digital devices. This raises questions about how electronic reading compares to print reading. To assess this, we randomly assigned 200 children (3–5 years) to be read the same book (1) with auto-narration on a tablet or 2) by a researcher from a print book. Reading was recorded and coded for behavioral and emotional engagement and vocalizations. Children were also tested on their story comprehension and vocabulary. Children had slightly higher posttest scores in the print condition. Older children and females also scored higher. There was an interaction between weekly tablet use and book platform. Children were equally engaged with the e-book and print book, but vocalized more about the device in the e-book condition. Findings suggest that e-books offer many of the same, but not all, of the educational affordance as print books. Additionally, novelty might be important in supporting comprehension.
A prototype analysis of New Zealand adolescents’ conceptualizations of wellbeing

This research investigated New Zealand adolescents’ (aged 11 to 13, N = 361) perceptions of wellbeing from a prototype perspective. Specifically, three studies examined what constitutes and promotes wellbeing, whether adolescents’ perspectives are aligned with adults’ conceptualizations and academic models of wellbeing, whether socioeconomic status influences adolescents’ conceptualization, and whether wellbeing is prototypically organized. Results showed that wellbeing is prototypically organized as some components are more central to the concept of wellbeing and others more peripheral. Contrary to lay adults’ conceptualizations and popular wellbeing models, adolescents consider enjoyment/having fun, feeling safe, and being kind/helpful as central components of wellbeing, and sense of satisfaction as a peripheral component of wellbeing. Furthermore, low socio-economic status adolescents consider comfort/being wealthy, being focused, good physical health, good values, and success/achievements as more central for wellbeing than high-socioeconomic status adolescents. Consistent with the current literature, positive family relationships, positive friendships, and physical activity/sport were the most frequently reported pathways to wellbeing among adolescents. Overall, researchers and practitioners should consider adolescents’ understanding of wellbeing in the development of wellbeing assessments and interventions.
How the Law “Keeps the Money in the Family”: Lessons at the Intersection of Elder Care and Inheritance Disputes in Israel

This Article offers a qualitative examination of the ways in which Israeli legal actors reflect and construct cultural understandings of the relationship between inheritance and elder care in cases in which the deceased has bequeathed property to a caregiver. This Article demonstrates that Israeli courts and lawyers reinforce and promote a cultural schema of family as a pristine domain of unconditional love, albeit one that has been emptied of the daily responsibilities of fulfilling the basic physical needs of elderly kin. Such a cultural schema diminishes the traditional parameters of family responsibility in order to adapt to present circumstances of elder care, while continuing to privilege the custom of keeping money in the family. Hence, this article reveals how inheritance law supports and enhances class reproduction through the institution of the family.
Diagnosing bottlenecks in development-stage field experiments: Troubleshooting and finding opportunities for improvement

Randomized trials of social programs yield internally valid estimates of causal impacts on key outcomes. While estimates of gross impact serve as useful summaries, program developers require deeper information to drive improvement efforts, especially when no impact is observed. The first main goal of this work is to present a seven-stage diagnostic method for assessing process bottlenecks in experiments. Designed for programs still in development, the troubleshooting sequence uses mixed methods to assess where in a program’s logic model the process is compromised. It includes post-experimental methods that are built into the design, to account for impact variation and test where effects are intensifying or diminishing. The second main purpose of this work is to demonstrate one such method in detail. The approach tests the relationship between fidelity of program implementation and impact. First, levels of achieved fidelity in the treatment group are modeled in terms of informative baseline covariates. The model is then used to index fidelity in both conditions. Informed only by pre-randomization characteristics of individuals, the model-based fidelity scores are unbiased by endogeneity, and allow assessment of whether impacts on key outcomes vary by levels of fidelity. Results can help program developers focus improvement efforts. We illustrate the seven-step diagnostic process through a randomized trial of the Internet-Based Reading Apprenticeship Improving Science Education (iRAISE) program. Eighty-two high school science teachers and 1468 students were randomly assigned to a literacy program or control. There was no overall impact on achievement. Applying the diagnostic process revealed this was not due to a weak program contrast between conditions, or an inadequate assessment; rather, lower-than-expected impact was likely due to weaker than intended implementation.
Working Memory, Language, Reading and Behavior: The Importance of Laterality, Symbolism and Default Networks

The present review draws attention to the importance of working memory, not just for cognitive development, but also for language-related reading skills. The classical work of Patricia Goldman-Rakic drew attention to the advent of language in human development in allowing the efficient use of symbolic ‘goals’ to be held in working memory throughout the processes of goal achievement (sometimes over long periods of time). The role of a switching mechanism between cognitive, language and default circuits allows the recruitment of salient emotional and/or memory information during the process of goal completion. When these systems malfunction, the often-described comorbidities between conditions such as ADHD, language and learning disability, and behavior problems may be observed. At a developmental level, the capacity for symbolic representation in working memory is likely to be important for early orthographic and later comprehension in reading ability. More recent work has drawn attention to a specific role for selective cerebellar working memory selective areas such as lobules V11b/V111a in supporting parallel cortico-cerebellar visual working memory networks, a new specific role for cerebellar/cortical connections.
Examination of the factorial structure of the positive youth development Program Quality Competency Questionnaire using responses from youth development professionals across the U.S.

Abstract This study established a research instrument, Program Quality Competency Questionnaire (PQCQ), to measure the perceptions of youth development professionals about program theory, program management, child/youth development, and social ecological theory. The structural validity and reliability of the developing instrument was determined using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factory analysis. The results showed that the exploratory factor analysis yielded a 42-item, 6 factor solution, which was validated by the confirmatory factor analysis conducted. The model had a very good fit to the data, its factor structure was good, and its coefficients of reliability ranged from fair (>.8) to exemplary (>.90). In addition, no excessive multicollinearity was present in the data. There was evidence to claim that the internal structure of the developing instrument was valid and highly reliable.
Reading Habits, Socioeconomic Conditions, Occupational Aspiration and Academic Achievement in Vietnamese Junior High School Students

Reading practices play an important role in the learning process of students. Especially in a fast-changing world where knowledge about nature and society is in a constant state of flux, book reading helps students foster skills such as thinking, valuing, adaptability and creativity for sustainable development. This research study used a dataset of 1676 observations of junior high school students from Northern Vietnam to explore students’ academic achievement and its association with their reading passion, family socio economic condition, parental education and occupational aspiration. The empirical results show that higher grades in STEM-related subjects are predicted by reading interest (βReadbook = 0.425, p < 0.0001), with students who love reading books achieve higher score than those who take no interest in books. Remarkably, the education level of the mother strongly enhances academic performance, with β = 0.721 (p < 0.0001) in cases of mother having a university diploma or higher. Students coming from wealthy families are more likely to buy books whereas borrowing from the library is the main source of books for students who grow up in not-rich families. However, even among wealthy families, investment into buying books still rely more on personal interest, despite the aforementioned educational benefits of book reading, as evidenced by an over 7 percentage point disparity between the likelihood of purchasing books among wealthy-family students who took an interest in reading (45%) versus students of the same background who did not like to read (38.7%). The results present implications for education policy making with a vision towards United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality Education.
The Relationship between Life Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction among Social Workers in Bursa

The present study examines the relationship between job and life satisfaction among social workers in Bursa, Turkey. The survey was administered with a representative number of social workers in Bursa (N=101). To determine an association between the demographic characteristics of social workers’ life satisfaction and job satisfaction, we performed a correlation analysis and confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS and AMOS, respectively. Results from the confirmatory factor analysis showed that there is a positive relationship between social workers’ life satisfaction and job satisfaction, such that (r = 0.39). Third model, GFI = 0.90 and CFI = 0.90, and the model shows a good fit. Limitations and directions for research are discussed.
Personality Resources as a Mediator of the Relationship between Antecedents of Stress and Pre-Competitive Anxiety

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper was to study the mediator effect of personal resources in synergies between the antecedents of stress (the perceived readiness for the competition and the perceived complexity of the goal) and pre-competition anxiety in swimmers. Methods:We conducted a confirmatory and mediator analysis in the context of structural equation modeling to study the data of a cross-sectional survey of male swimmers (n = 98; M = 18.28 years; SD = 1.33). Results: Testing of the model of personality resources showed that the four indicators – self-efficacy, self-control, optimism and grit – constitute a single factor. As a result of the mediatory analysis, the partial indirect effect of personality resources on the state of pre-competition anxiety of swimmers was obtained. Conclusions: It is established, that personality resources (self-efficacy, self-control, optimism and grit) have a systemic organization and form an integral factor at the level of empirical indicators. They partially mediate the influence of competitive stress factors on the level of situational anxiety, contributing thereby to its reduction in athletes.
Can software improve marker accuracy at detecting contract cheating? A pilot study of the Turnitin authorship investigate alpha

Abstract Contract cheating happens when students outsource their assessed work to a third party. One approach that has been suggested for improving contract cheating detection is comparing students’ assignment submissions with their previous work, the rationale being that changes in style may indicate a piece of work has been written by somebody else. This approach is time consuming, but recent advances in machine learning and natural language processing suggest that it may be well suited to computerization. We trialed an early alpha version of Turnitin’s Authorship Investigate tool, which compares students’ submissions against their previous work. Twenty-four experienced markers from five units of study were asked to make decisions about the presence of contract cheating in bundles of 20 student assignments, which included 14 legitimate assignments and six purchased from contract cheating sites. We asked markers to determine if each assignment was contract cheating, then provided them with an Authorship Investigate report and let them change their decision. Marker accuracy at detecting contract cheating increased significantly, from 48% to 59% after using the report, with no significant difference in false positives. These findings suggest that software may be an effective component of institutional strategies to address contract cheating.
Kontrol diri dengan tingkat agresivitas remaja yang memiliki orang tua TNI atau POLRI

Aggressive behavior in adolescents can be minimized and reduced by using self-control. Self-control is needed for every individual, especially adolescents. Age and family’s environment are the factors that underlie a person can control himself. The aims of this research are to knowing the relationship between self-control and the level of aggressiveness in adolescents who have TNI or POLRI parents. This research using quantitative correlational approarch with the data collections using quota sampling technique, the subjects of this research were aged 13 until 17 years old who have TNI or POLRI parents. The instrument of this research using self control scale from Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone theory, and also using aggressive scale from Baron. The results of this study showed that there was a significant negative relationship between self-control and the level of aggressiveness in adolescents who have TNI or POLRI parents. It means, the increasing of self-control possessed by adolescents, the level of aggressiveness will be decreases, in another hand the decreasing of self-control that teenager has, the level of aggressiveness will be increases.
The Expectations of Adulting: Developing Soft Skills through Active Learning Classrooms

The technologically enhanced classroom assists students in developing their interpersonal, or soft skills, and helps them strengthen needed competencies as they move into their careers. This may be particularly helpful for millennial students, who have grown up interacting with others electronically, via text message, Instagram, and the like. Once on campus, students must adapt to increasing expectations of adulthood: along with becoming more responsible and independent critical thinkers, they must also be able to speak effectively with others face-to-face and to negotiate relationships in groups, skills that they often noticeably lack.
The Influence of Incidental Tokenism on Private Evaluations of Stereotype-Typifying Products

Findings from five studies demonstrate that being an incidental token member in a transient group (e.g., a woman in a group of mostly men in a store line) lowers individuals’ private evaluations of products that typify the negative stereotypes of the tokenized identity. Incidental tokenism activates negative stereotypes associated with the tokenized identity, which subsequently leads to a desire to disassociate specifically from identity-linked products that typify those stereotypes as opposed to all identity-linked products in general. Consistent with this theorizing, similar results emerge when negative stereotypes are activated directly, and the effect is attenuated when tokenized individuals are self-affirmed. These results demonstrate the largely unexamined consequences of being a token group member on private evaluations (vs. public behavior) in subjective, preference-based (vs. objective, performance-based) domains.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Contraceptive Practices among Young People from the Youth Listening Center of the Burkinabè’s Family Well-Being Association in Bobo-Dioulasso City

Objective: To study the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding contraception among young people in the Burkinabe’s family well-being association for youth listening center in Bobo-Dioulasso city. Methods: This was a survey of 635 clients in the youth listening’s center of Bobo-Dioulasso city, Burkina Faso. These clients were gradually included by random choice from January 15 to April 15, 2018. The data were collected by self-administered written questionnaire under the supervision of an investigator and after a free and informed verbal agreement of the participant. The analysis was done using the software Epi info version 7.1. 1.0. Results: The average age of the respondents was 20.62 years. Female respondents were more numerous, 508 (80%). Contraceptive methods were known by 98.12% of respondents and 61.42% said they were always using them. Two-thirds of clients (67%) cited at least two benefits of contraceptive methods which were correct. Condoms were the best-known method (92.60%) and also the most used (92.56%). But emergency contraception was known by 30.71% of participants. Young people who were already sexually active accounted for 73.54% of the sample with a mean age at their first sexual intercourse of 18.42 years. Conclusion: The majority of respondents knew contraceptive methods. However, risky sexual behaviors and misconceptions about contraception remain. The setting up of family planning services within schools and the teaching of a reproductive health module in all secondary schools will contribute to improve their sexual and reproductive health.
A technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) sssessment of pre-service EFL teachers learning to teach English as a foreign language

The aim of the present paper is to measure the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) of pre-service EFL teachers learning to teach English as a foreign language (EFL). In order to collect data, a survey, designed and validated by Baser et al. (2016), was used. The survey consists of five sections which are technological knowledge (TK), content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and a fifth section that combines TCK, TPK, and TPACK items. This survey intends to assess pre-service EFL teachers’ subject-specific competencies in pedagogies and technologies. The present study is quantitative in nature. It was conducted with 77 pre-service EFL teachers. The results indicate that pre-service EFL teachers have a satisfactory level of competence in technological pedagogical content knowledge; yet, there are also some areas in which they need development.
The Dynamics of Racial Resentment across the 50 US States

Although many scholars who study the role of racial animus in Americans’ political attitudes and policy preferences do so to help us understand national-level politics, (racialized) policy is largely shaped at the state level. States are laboratories of policy innovation whose experiments can exacerbate or ameliorate racial inequality. In this article, we develop state-level scores of racial resentment. By using linear multilevel regression and poststratification weighting techniques and by linking nationally representative survey data with US Census data, we create time-varying, dynamic state-level estimates of racial resentment from 1988 to 2016. These measures enable us to explore the extent to which subnational levels of racial attitudes fluctuate over time and to provide a comparative analysis of state-level racial resentment scores across space and time. We find that states’ levels of racial animus change slowly, with some exhibiting increases over time while others do just the opposite. Southern states’ reputation for having the highest levels of racial resentment has been challenged by states across various regions of the United States. Many states had their lowest levels of symbolic racism decades ago, contrary to the traditional American narrative of racial progress.
Overconfidence and Contracts : An Experiment

We study whether overconfidence affects the choice over contracts in a real-effort task by using three different measures of overconfidence: miscalibration, illusion of control, and overplacement. We find that overplacement, which is the only measure related to the task, has a significant effect on the choice over contracts. Our design also allows us to observe overconfidence measures at different moments of time. We find that more (less) overconfident subjects remain as more less) overconfident over time.
Cross-language effects of phonological and orthographic similarity in cognate word recognition

This study investigated the extent to which phonological and orthographic overlap between the two languages of bilinguals predicts word processing abilities in their dominant and non-dominant languages. Forty-four English-dominant L1 English-L2 Spanish speakers and Spanish-dominant Spanish heritage speakers performed a lexical decision task while reading words in English and Spanish. We calculated orthographic and phonological similarity of cognate and noncognate words using the Levenshtein distance measure. Results showed that both bilingual groups benefited from orthographic similarity when reading Spanish and English words, whereas a facilitative effect was restricted to Spanish words that shared phonology across languages. These findings suggest a different contribution of phonological and orthographic similarity in bilingual word recognition, independently of language dominance.
Evaluating the legal assumptions of Victoria’s Sex Offender Registration Act 2004 from a psychological perspective

The Sex Offender Registration Act 2004 was introduced in Victoria to decrease recidivism and aid in future investigations and prosecutions. This article reviews literature to evaluate four assumptions inherent to the Act: (a) sexual offenders are more dangerous than non-sexual offenders; (b) sexual offenders who target children are more dangerous than those who target adults; (c) recidivism risk can be accurately assessed for sexual offenders who target adults; and (d) the Act is a useful tool for investigations and prosecutions. The findings suggest that there is little evidence that supports the assumptions. Further, given the relatively narrow scope of the Act, it is unlikely to have a positive impact on the safety of the community.