Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
İLKÖĞRETİM OKULU SOSYAL BİLGİLER DERSİ TARİH KONULARININ ÖĞRETİMİNDE HİKAYE ANLATIM YÖNTEMİNİN ETKİLİLİĞİ

Ilkogretim 6. ve 7. sinif Sosyal Bilgiler dersi tarih konularinin islenmesinde hikâye anlatim yontemi ile duz anlatim yonteminin ogrencilerin erisileri uzerindeki etkisini olcmenin amaclandigi bu arastirmada, asagidaki sorulara cevap aranmistir. Hikâye anlatim yontemi, ilkogretim 6. ve 7. sinif Sosyal Bilgiler dersi tarih konularinin ogretilmesinde geleneksel yonteme gore; a. Bilgi Duzeyinde, b. Kavrama Duzeyinde, c. Toplam ogrenci erisilerinde daha basarili midir? Arastirmada bu sorulara cevap bulabilmek icin once, yurtici ve yurtdisi ilgili yayin ve arastirmalar taranmistir. Elde edilen bulgular isiginda ilkogretim 6. ve 7. siniflarda Sosyal Bilgiler dersinden birer tarih unitesi secilmis, bu unitelere gore iki farkli test gelistirilmistir. Ilgili testler once on test olarak secilen deney gruplarina verilmistir. M.E. B. Sosyal Bilgiler Programina uygun olarak 6. ve 7. siniflarda birer unitede hikâye anlatim yontemi ve geleneksel yonteme gore uygulama yapildiktan sonra yine her iki sinifin subelerine son testler verilmistir. Kirsehir ili Prof. Dr. Erol Gungor ilkogretim Okulu 6/B (30), 6/C (30), 7/B (30), 7/F (30) olmak uzere toplam 120 ogrenci uzerinde yapilan arastirmanin sonucu olan bu calismada istatiksel islemler, uygulanan olcme araclarinin gecerli ve guvenilir oldugunu ortaya koymustur. Arastirma sonucunda, hikâye anlatim yonteminin ilkogretim 6. ve 7. sinif Sosyal Bilgiler dersi tarih konularinda; bilgi, kavrama duzeyleri ile toplam ogrenci erisilerinde daha basarili oldugu bulgulanmistir.
The influence of action requirements on action-centered selective attention

We have a number of internal mechanisms that are used to effectively handle incoming information in order for proper functioning to occur. Selective attention is defined as " those mechanisms that enable complex perceptual information to be constrained to control specific actions" (Tipper, Lortie and Baylis, 1992 p. 891). A means of studying this selectivity is to have a person select and act on a target object in the presence of distractor objects a situation often encountered in our daily interaction with the immediate environment. Tipper et al. (1992) have employed such methods to develop an action-centered model of selective attention, attempting to explain the interaction between objects in the environment and goal-directed action. In previous research examining predictions from an action-centered model of selective attention, the primary focus has been on how reaching movements to selected target objects are affected by the presence and spatial location of distractor objects. The purpose of the present experiments was to investigate the manner in which object and response selection are influenced by the nature of the required action and interaction with objects within a person's perceptual-motor workspace. Experiment One revealed that selective response preparation and execution was unaffected by manipulation of the engagement properties of the target and distractor objects. Experiment Two investigated how the end goal of the actions afforded by target and distractor objects might emphasize the action requirements and therefore influence the action. Despite a robust distractor effect, the engagement properties of target and distractor objects did not interact to influence action. Taken together, the present results suggest that a distractor object's action requirement is not a crucial determinant of its potential influence on attention and action. T A B L E OF CONTENTS Page Abstract i i Table of
The Effects of Guided Imagery on the Immune System: A Critical Review

The research on the effect of guided imagery (GI) on immune system is reviewed and, accordingly, a direction for future research is proposed. Studies suggest that: GI can reduce stress and elevate the immune system; cell-specific imagery affects corresponding WBCs, neutrophils, or lymphocytes; decreases in WBC count occur in the initial stages of GI and relaxation due to fluctuations in WBC production or margination; and changes in WBC count or adherence occur earlier in medical patients. Directions for further investigations: Definition of the ideal WBC count; the effects of long-term practice of GI; and influence of cell-specific imagery on WBCs.
Towards a computational prediction of nanoparticle pharmacokinetics and distribution

A number of nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery platforms are in varying stages of drug development. While, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling has become a well-established tool for conventional medicines from preclinical to post-licensing environments, its application for nanomedicines is in its infancy. Part of the reason for this is that the fundamental mechanisms that underpin drug-handling within the body are not as well understood for nanoparticles. A number of recent initiatives aim to further develop PBPK modelling for nanomedicine applications but more fundamental knowledge of the relevant anatomical, physiological and pharmacological processes influencing distribution is required for robust computational prediction.
Neomycin, a New Antibiotic Active against Streptomycin-Resistant Bacteria, including Tuberculosis Organisms.

Science, a weekly journal founded in 1880, is published each Friday by the American Association for the Advancement of Science at the Business Press, 10 McGovern Ave., Lancaster, Pa. Editorial and Advertising Offices, 1515 Massachusetts Ave., N.W. , Washington 5, D. C. Telephone. Executive 6060. Cable address, SCIMAG, Washington, D. C. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Lancaster. Pa. , January 13, 1948, under the Act of March 3. 1879. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate postage provided for in the Act of February 28, 1925, embodied in Paragraph 4, Sec. 538, P.L. and R. , authorized January 13, 1948.
Maximum-Likelihood Methods for Processing Signals From Gamma-Ray Detectors

In any gamma-ray detector, each event produces electrical signals on one or more circuit elements. From these signals, we may wish to determine the presence of an interaction; whether multiple interactions occurred; the spatial coordinates in two or three dimensions of at least the primary interaction; or the total energy deposited in that interaction. We may also want to compute listmode probabilities for tomographic reconstruction. Maximum-likelihood methods provide a rigorous and in some senses optimal approach to extracting this information, and the associated Fisher information matrix provides a way of quantifying and optimizing the information conveyed by the detector. This paper will review the principles of likelihood methods as applied to gamma-ray detectors and illustrate their power with recent results from the Center for Gamma-ray Imaging.
Mucous adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder

HI'. unexpected finding of adenocarcinoma T in a bladder biopsy is contusing to both the pathologist and the urologist. It raises a number of questions as to the diRerentia1 diagnosis, clinical course, frequency, gross and microscopic characteristics, histogenesis, and prognosis of this lesion. Since it has not been possible for any single investigator to study pcrsonally a sufficiently large number oT cases of this kind, almost all of thcse questions remain unanswered. The Eladder Tumor Registry at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology has offered the opportunity to study and review sixty-three cases received prior to 1951 and diagnosed as mucous adenocarcinoma of the bladder. Nineteen of these cases were deleted irom this study: four, because the adenocarcinomas were secondary and only clinically simulated primary vesical tumors; and fifteen, because clinical or pathological information was insufficient to confirm the primary site, although the evidence in most cases indicated that they probably were primary bladder tumors. It is the purpose of this prcsentation to report the clinicopathological details of the remaining k'orty-four, to discuss the differential diagnosis of this tumor, and to assess the evidence concerning its histogenesis.
Infectious Virion Capture by HIV-1 gp120-Specific IgG from RV144 Vaccinees

ABSTRACT The detailed examination of the antibody repertoire from RV144 provides a unique template for understanding potentially protective antibody functions. Some potential immune correlates of protection were untested in the correlates analyses due to inherent assay limitations, as well as the need to keep the correlates analysis focused on a limited number of endpoints to achieve statistical power. In an RV144 pilot study, we determined that RV144 vaccination elicited antibodies that could bind infectious virions (including the vaccine strains HIV-1 CM244 and HIV-1 MN and an HIV-1 strain expressing transmitted/founder Env, B.WITO.c). Among vaccinees with the highest IgG binding antibody profile, the majority (78%) captured the infectious vaccine strain virus (CM244), while a smaller proportion of vaccinees (26%) captured HIV-1 transmitted/founder Env virus. We demonstrated that vaccine-elicited HIV-1 gp120 antibodies of multiple specificities (V3, V2, conformational C1, and gp120 conformational) mediated capture of infectious virions. Although capture of infectious HIV-1 correlated with other humoral immune responses, the extent of variation between these humoral responses and virion capture indicates that virion capture antibodies occupy unique immunological space.
An epizootic of Rift Valley fever in Egypt in 1977

A disease causing increased mortality and abortion in domestic animals during a 1977 epizootic in Egypt was identified as Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus. The epizootic included extensive human involvement reflected clinically as either an acute febrile, ocular, encephalitic, or fatal haemorrhagic form of RVF disease. The virus was again isolated from humans and animals during a second RVF epizootic in the summer of 1978.
In-vivo evidence of nephrotoxicity and altered hepatic function in rats following administration of diglycolic acid, a metabolite of diethylene glycol

Abstract Context: Diglycolic acid (DGA) is one of the two primary metabolites of diethylene glycol (DEG). DEG is an industrial solvent that has been implicated in mass poisonings resulting from product misuse in the United States and worldwide, with the hallmark toxicity being acute kidney injury, hepatotoxicity, encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Our laboratory has generated in-vitro evidence suggesting that DGA is the metabolite responsible for the proximal tubule necrosis and decreased kidney function observed following DEG ingestion. Furthermore, we have shown that DGA specifically accumulates in kidney tissues (100× higher than peak blood concentrations) following DEG administration. Objective: To examine renal and hepatic accumulation and dysfunction following direct administration of DGA in-vivo. We hypothesize that administration of DGA will result in renal and hepatic DGA accumulation, as well as proximal tubular necrosis and liver injury. Materials and methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups dosed with 0, 100 or 300 mg/kg DGA via single oral gavage. Urine was collected every 6–12 h and blood, kidneys and liver were removed upon sacrifice at 48 h post-dosing for analysis. Results: DGA accumulated significantly in both kidney and liver tissue only at 300 mg DGA/kg. DGA concentrations in the kidneys and liver correlated with renal and hepatic injury, respectively. Histopathological and clinical chemistry analysis revealed that DGA-treated animals exhibited moderate liver fatty accumulation and marked renal injury, again only at 300 mg/kg. Discussion: DGA-induced kidney injury demonstrated a steep dose response threshold, where severe damage occurred only in animals given 300 mg/kg DGA, while no toxicity was observed at 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: These results provide evidence for in-vivo toxicity following direct administration of DGA, a metabolite of DEG. The steep dose–response threshold for toxicity suggests mechanistically that there is likely a saturable step that results in DGA accumulation in target organs.
Major birth defects in very low birth weight infants in the Vermont Oxford Network.

OBJECTIVE To study the frequency and types of major birth defects in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and their impact on mortality and resource use. STUDY DESIGN Analysis of data from the Vermont Oxford Network Database from 1994 and 1995 on infants with birth weights of 501 to 1500 g. Major birth defects were reported from a list of 40 defined major defects or if they were considered lethal or life-threatening. Mortality and length of stay were determined. RESULTS Major birth defects were present in 823 (4.3%) of 19,228 VLBW infants from 147 hospitals. The most common categories were chromosomal anomalies (20%); named syndromes, sequences, and associations (19%); and gastrointestinal (14%), cardiovascular (11%), and nervous system (10%) anomalies. Infants with major birth defects had a higher mortality rate (58% vs 13%, P <.001) and a higher rate of major surgery (29% vs 5%, P <.001) than infants without such defects. Infants with major birth defects accounted for 16.3% of deaths and 18.9% of major surgical procedures but only for 2.9% of total hospital days. CONCLUSIONS Major birth defects accounted for 16% of all deaths in VLBW infants. However, they accounted for a low proportion of total hospital days.
A novel algorithm for the parallel arc fault identification in DC aircraft power plants

Arc faults are phenomena associated to unwanted electric discharge between two or more conductors. Since energy related to an arc may fuse the conducting material, very often an arc is responsible for a fire. This condition is very critical in aerospace environment, where a fire may produce catastrophic effects. For this reason, many efforts have been produced in order to develop a reliable method for arc detection. The main problem in facing this aim is represented by the intermittent and random nature of an arc in an aircraft, due to the effects of the in-flight vibrations. A continuous monitoring of the electric system is mandatory, and a smart measurement system is also required. In particular, different identification methods have been proposed, based on Kalman filter, neural network, fuzzy logic, etc., that usually require a complex learning activity which could be not exhaustive. In this paper a novel approach to the arc identification is presented, that is based on the evaluation of two physical parameters: rate of concurrency of current spikes and their specific energy. By combining these two parameters is possible to detect the arc and estimate its severity. The method has been tested using a standardized emulation system under different conditions and the experimental results clearly show its effectiveness.
The Effect of Disease-associated Mutations on the Folding Pathway of Human Prion Protein*

Propagation of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is believed to involve the conversion of cellular prion protein, PrPC, into a misfolded oligomeric form, PrPSc. An important step toward understanding the mechanism of this conversion is to elucidate the folding pathway(s) of the prion protein. We reported recently (Apetri, A. C., and Surewicz, W. K. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 44589-44592) that the folding of wild-type prion protein can best be described by a three-state sequential model involving a partially folded intermediate. Here we have performed kinetic stopped-flow studies for a number of recombinant prion protein variants carrying mutations associated with familial forms of prion disease. Analysis of kinetic data clearly demonstrates the presence of partially structured intermediates on the refolding pathway of each PrP variant studied. In each case, the partially folded state is at least one order of magnitude more populated than the fully unfolded state. The present study also reveals that, for the majority of PrP variants tested, mutations linked to familial prion diseases result in a pronounced increase in the thermodynamic stability, and thus the population, of the folding intermediate. These data strongly suggest that partially structured intermediates of PrP may play a crucial role in prion protein conversion, serving as direct precursors of the pathogenic PrPSc isoform.
Aktiivinen yleisö? Tutkimus yleisön asenteista sisällön tuottamista ja jakelua sekä verkossa osallistumista kohtaan

Verkko ja sosiaalinen media ovat muuttaneet mediasisaltojen tuotantoon, jakeluun ja kuluttamiseen liittyvia asetelmia. Naiden muutosten myota mediayleisoa on kuvattu entista aktiivisemmaksi. Muutoksesta kertovat tutkimukset ja tilastot keskittyvat yleisesti tarkastelemaan verkon ja sosiaalisen median kayttotapoja ja yleison toimintaa. Tassa artikkelissa nakokulmana on yleison asenteiden tutkimus, eli miten yleiso arvottaa omaa rooliaan aktiivisina osallistujina. Tavoitteena on tarkastella erityisesti yleison asennoitumista sisallon tuottamista ja jakelua kohtaan verkossa. Tutkimusaineistona on laaja survey-aineisto suomalaisista verkon kayttajista. Analyysimenetelmana kaytetaan tilastollisia menetelmia (faktorianalyysi, summamuuttajat ja ristiintaulukoinnit). Tulosten mukaan yleiso asennoituu varauksellisesti aktiiviseen osallistumiseen ja haluaa olla nakymattomissa. Tuloksia tulkitaan artikkelissa myos sosiaalisten representaatioiden kautta. Asenteiden perusteella muotoillaan kolme mediayleisoa kuvaavaa representaatiota: perinteisen mediayleison, aktiivisen kansalaisen ja digielajan representaatio. Tutkimuksen paallimmaisin havainto on, etta asenteellisella tasolla yleiso suhtautuu itseensa perinteisena mediayleisona.
THE LARGE-SCALE BIAS OF DARK MATTER HALOS: NUMERICAL CALIBRATION AND MODEL TESTS

We measure the clustering of dark matter halos in a large set of collisionless cosmological simulations of the flat ΛCDM cosmology. Halos are identified using the spherical overdensity algorithm, which finds the mass around isolated peaks in the density field such that the mean density is Δ times the background. We calibrate fitting functions for the large-scale bias that are adaptable to any value of Δ we examine. We find a ∼6% scatter about our best-fit bias relation. Our fitting functions couple to the halo mass functions of Tinker et al. such that the bias of all dark matter is normalized to unity. We demonstrate that the bias of massive, rare halos is higher than that predicted in the modified ellipsoidal collapse model of Sheth et al. and approaches the predictions of the spherical collapse model for the rarest halos. Halo bias results based on friends-of-friends halos identified with linking length 0.2 are systematically lower than for halos with the canonical Δ = 200 overdensity by ∼10%. In contrast to our previous results on the mass function, we find that the universal bias function evolves very weakly with redshift, if at all. We use our numerical results, both for the mass function and the bias relation, to test the peak-background split model for halo bias. We find that the peak-background split achieves a reasonable agreement with the numerical results, but ∼20% residuals remain, both at high and low masses.
Evaluation of 793/B-like and Mass-like vaccine strain kinetics in experimental and field conditions by real-time RT-PCR quantification

ABSTRACT Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a great economic burden both for productive losses and costs of the control strategies. Many different vaccination protocols are applied in the same region and even in consecutive cycles on the same farm in order to find the perfect balance between costs and benefits. In Northern Italy, the usual second vaccination is more and more often moved up to the chick's first d of life. The second strain administration together with the common Mass priming by spray at the hatchery allows saving money and time and reducing animal stress. The present work compared the different vaccine strains (Mass‐like or B48, and 1/96) kinetics both in field conditions and in a 21‐day‐long experimental trial in broilers, monitoring the viral replication by upper respiratory tract swabbing and vaccine specific real time reverse transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) quantification. In both field and experimental conditions, titers for all the vaccines showed an increasing trend in the first 2 wk and then a decrease, though still remaining detectable during the whole monitored period. IBV field strain and avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) presence also was also investigated by RT‐PCR and sequencing, and by multiplex real‐time RT‐PCR, respectively, revealing a consistency in the pathogen introduction timing at around 30 d, in correspondence with the vaccine titer's main decrease. These findings suggest the need for an accurate knowledge of live vaccine kinetics, whose replication can compete with the other pathogen one, providing additional protection to be added to what is conferred by the adaptive immune response.
Terrestrial Gamma-ray flash intensity distribution

The most probable source lightning discharges associated with TGFs detected by the RHESSI satellite are determined from WWLLN data. Of the 972 TGFs considered, matches were found for 93 events. For these the causative lightning was found to occur at distances between 51 and 769 km, with a mean distance of 314 km. The average delay between the matched WWLLN events and the corresponding TGFs was found to be Δt = −0.773 s, indicating that the TGFs preceded the lightning peak power. The distribution of matched TGFs indicates that WWLLN is more likely to identify lightning strokes associated with weaker TGFs.
Influence of Maternal Dietary Zn Intake on Expression of Diabetes-Induced Teratogenicity in Rats

Diabetic rat pregnancies are characterized by altered maternal and fetal Zn metabolism and a higher frequency of fetal malformations. In this study, the effect of varying maternal dietary Zn on pregnancy and fetal outcome and on maternal and fetal trace element status were investigated. Starting on day 0 of gestation, streptozocin-induced diabetic andondiabetic control rats were fed a low-Zn diet (4.5 (μg/g diet), an adequate-Zn diet (24.5 μg/g diet), or a high-Zn diet (500 μg/g diet) throughout gestation. Fetuses were taken by cesarean section on gestation day 20. Fetuses from diabetic dams were smaller, weighed less, and had less calcified skeletons and more malformations than fetuses from control dams. In the controls, maternal dietary Zn had a minor effect on fetal malformation frequency. In contrast, in the diabetic animals, the low-Zn diet had a strong teratogenic effect. In diabetic dams, the adequate- and high-Zn diets improved fetal length and weight more than it did in fetuses from nondiabetic dams. However, supplemental dietary Zn during diabetic pregnancy did not further improve malformation frequencies. Liver and kidney Zn, Cu, and metallothionein concentrations were higher in diabetic dams than in control dams. In contrast, liver Zn, Cu, and metallothionein concentrations in fetuses of diabetic dams were lower than in fetuses from control dams, regardless of maternal dietary Zn intake. These results show that diabetes during pregnancy can amplify the teratogenic effects of a mild maternal Zn deficiency. The results also suggest that the diabetic condition alters Zn and Cu transport across diabetic placentas and/or alters Zn and Cu retention of fetuses from diabetic versus control dams, despite differing levels of maternal dietary Zn intake.