Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabolizable Amino Acid Requirements of Feedlot Calves

One hundred ninety-two crossbred steers (229 kg) were used to evaluate the influence of metabolizable amino acid intake on growth performance and health during the initial 42-d receiving period. Treatments consisted of four levels of metabolizable lysine (23, 24, 25 and 26 g/kg diet DM). Morbidity averaged 36%, and was not affected (P > 0.20) by treatments. No steers died during the study. Increasing the metabolizable lysine supply increased DMI, ADG, gain efficiency, and dietary NE (linear effect, P < 0.01). Metabolizable amino acid supply of the basal diet was determined using 6 steers (214 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum. Metabolizable amino acid supply of the diet was in close agreement with expected (R2 = 0.99; P < 0.0001) based on NRC (2000) [12] Level 1 model. The metabolizable amino acid supplies for treatments in Trial 1 were estimated by adding tabular metabolizable amino acid values for the respective supplemental proteins (cottonseed meal and fish meal) to the observed metabolizable amino acid supply of the basal diet. Treatment effects on metabolizable lysine supply explained 99% of the variation (P < 0.01) in ADG, and 91% of the variation in observed versus expected dietary NE. The biological value for the intestinal chyme was determined based on chemical score technique, using bovine tissue as the reference protein. Accordingly, methionine and lysine were closely co-limiting amino acids having ratios of 77% and 79%, respectively. We conclude that current NRC standards reliably predict both requirements and supplies of metabolizable amino acids for feedlot calves. Diet formulations that do not meet the metabolizable amino acid requirements may depress both ADG and the partial efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for maintenance and gain.
Rationality and Forecasting Accuracy of Exchange Rate Expectations: Evidence from Survey-Based Forecasts

We examine rationality, forecasting accuracy, and economic value of the survey-based exchange rate forecasts for 10 developed and 23 developing countries at the 3-, 12-, and 24-month horizons. Using the data from two surveys for the period from 2004 to 2012, we find strong evidence that the forecasts for developing countries are biased at all forecast horizons. For developed countries, forecasts are strongly biased at the 3-month horizon, the bias decreases at the 12-month horizon, and increases again at the 24-month horizon. Based on the magnitude of the forecast errors and the direction of change, long-term forecasts are more accurate than short-term forecasts. Economic evaluation of the forecasts indicates that the forecasters are successful at generating positive economic profits, and economic gains of the forecasts for developed countries improve with the forecast horizon.
Modeling Natural Attenuation with Source Control at a Chlorinated Solvents Dry Cleaner Site

A ground water flow and solute transport model was developed for a site contaminated with chlorinated solvents to simulate the site remediation activities that included natural attenuation and source control. MODFLOW was used to model the flow field, and RT3D was employed to simulate the sequential decay reactions involving perchloroethene, trichloroethene, dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride (VC). Predictive simulations were completed for two conditions: natural attenuation alone and source excavation followed by natural attenuation. Results demonstrated the feasibility of site remediation for both conditions with the latter one occurring in a shorter time frame. A detailed sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the uncertainty in model predictions. The most sensitive model parameters (i.e., initial contaminant concentrations, reaction rate constants, and source release rates) were perturbed and combined to form a number of parameter sets for use in the predictive simulations. The maximum plume length, the maximum plume concentration, and the persistence time for the noncompliance plume area were assessed to identify the possible failure scenarios and the most likely future plume configuration. Results indicated that further VC plume expansion or migration beyond site boundaries is unlikely.
PLUG AND PLAY IN CONTROL LOOP DESIGN

Most modern control systems have libraries of building blocks for control loops. A high functionality and a high degree of flexibility can often be achieved. Unfortunately, it requires quite a lot of knowledge in control loop design and in the function of the participating building blocks to construct and maintain the control loops. In this paper a standardized interface for the signals between the building blocks is presented. It is shown that control loops can be configured and maintained with less detailed knowledge and a more reliable result with this interface.
Molecular distributions and stable carbon isotopic compositions of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in aerosols from Sapporo, Japan: Implications for photochemical aging during long‐range atmospheric transport

[1] Molecular and stable carbon isotopic (δ13C value) compositions of dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids, and dicarbonyls in aerosol samples (i.e., total suspended particles) collected in Sapporo, northern Japan during spring and summer were determined to better understand the photochemical aging of organic aerosols during long-range transport from East Asia and Siberia. Their molecular distributions were characterized by the predominance of oxalic acid (C2) followed by malonic (C3) or occasionally succinic (C4) acids. Concentrations of total diacids ranged from 106–787 ng m−3 with ketoacids (13–81 ng m−3) and dicarbonyls (2.6–28 ng m−3) being less abundant. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) comprised 23–69% of aerosol organic carbon (OC). OC to elemental carbon (EC) ratios were high (3.6–19, mean: 8.7). The ratios of C3/C4 and WSOC/OC did not show significant diurnal changes, suggesting that the Sapporo aerosols were not seriously affected by local photochemical processes and instead they were already aged. δ13C values of the dominant diacids (C2 − C4) ranged from −14.0 to −25.3‰. Largest δ13C values (−14.0 to −22.4‰, mean: −18.8‰) were obtained for C2, whereas smallest values (−25.1 to −31.4‰, mean: −28.1‰) were for azelaic acid (C9). In general, δ13C values of C2 − C4 diacids became less negative with aerosol aging (i.e., WSOC/OC), presumably due to isotopic fractionation during photochemical degradation of diacids. By comparing the δ13C values of diacids in the Sapporo aerosols with different air mass source regions, we suggest that although initial δ13C values of diacids depend on their precursor sources, the enrichment in 13C can be ascribed to aerosol photochemical aging.
Anisotropic models and angular moments methods for the Compton scattering

This paper is devoted to the derivation of models for the Compton scattering. These models generalize the Kompaneets equation [KOM57] to anisotropic distributions. The P 1 angular method is applied, leading to a system of nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations. We show that there is a limit regime in which this P 1 model exhibits new solutions, in comparison with the Bose condensate result of Caﬂish and Levermore [CL86] for the Kompaneets equation.
Surveying Reflectors-White Paper Characteristics and Influences

This paper presents an overview of the different factors regarding surveying reflectors that should be considered by the surveyor in order to ensure the highest quality surveys. First, the properties and differences between round prisms and 360°reflectors are explained. We will discuss the assembly of the reflectors and why they have different reflector constants. As well, we discuss the typical applications for each of the reflectors. Secondly we’ll show which properties have an influence on angle and distance measurements, e.g. the Anti-reflex coating. And last, we will point out what influences remain in the hands of the surveyor, relying on how well setup the survey instrument is and the use of a high quality tribrach and tripod.
Set approximation by lemniscates and the spectrum of an operator on an interpolation space.

containing set, for the spectrum of the operator on the interpolation space in terms of the spectra of the operator on the given two spaces. This upper bound is the best possible one that depends only on the given two spectra. Theorem 6.10 shows that the upper bound can be improved if more is known about the operator. In ? 7 we give an example, 7.3, to show that the bound in Theorem 6.7 need not be attained. The example also shows that Theorem 6.10 is stronger than Theorem 6.7. 2, 3 and 4 are mainly lemmas and definitions needed in the later sections; Theorem 2.7, which is a generalization of the three lines theorem due to Calderon, will be an important tool. A similar-type generalization of the three lines theorem is given in Lemma 5.3, which may also be of independent interest. In ? 2 we give the definition of analytic interpolation, which was first introduced by A. P. Calderon at the conference on functional analysis in the memory of S. Banach, in Warsaw, 1960; we also state several of the relevant properties of analytic interpolation. In ? 3 we introduce the notion of a RIS, which is essentially the way in which two commutative Banach algebras must be related so that their structure spaces interpolate in the natural manner. We also obtain some basic properties of a RIS which are needed later. In order to obtain our main theorem it seems to be necessary to compare analytic interpolation with what we call direct interpolation, which we define in ? 4. The theorem of ? 4 contains results which are of use in ? 5. This theorem would be elementary except for the fact that the proof requires Calderon's generalized three lines theorem mentioned above.
Laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry of vacuum UV photo-processed methanol ice

Context. Methanol in the interstellar medium mainly forms upon sequential hydrogenation of solid CO. With typical abundances of up to 15% (with respect to water) it is an important constituent of interstellar ices where it is considered as a precursor in the formation of large and complex organic molecules (COMs), e.g. upon vacuum UV (VUV) photo-processing or exposure to cosmic rays. Aims. This study aims at detecting novel complex organic molecules formed during the VUV photo-processing of methanol ice in the laboratory using a technique more sensitive than regular surface diagnostic tools. In addition, the formation kinetics of the main photo-products of methanol are unravelled for an astronomically relevant temperature (20 K) and radiation dose. Methods. The VUV photo-processing of CH 3 OH ice is studied by applying laser desorption post-ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDPI TOF-MS), and analysed by combining molecule-specific fragmentation and desorption features. Results. The mass spectra correspond to fragment ions originating from a number of previously recorded molecules and from new COMs, such as the series (CO) x H y + , with x = 3 and y x −1, to which prebiotic glycerin belongs. The formation of these large COMs has not been reported in earlier photolysis studies and suggests that such complex species may form in the solid state under interstellar conditions.
Virtue and risk culture in finance Prepared

This paper suggests that devastating, but avoidable, organizational failures in the financial sector are often not so much a consequence of business risks but of an absence of business virtues in leadership cultures. The current focus on the importance of risk culture in good risk management practices seems to recognise this, but we suggest that the approaches to culture are often inadequate in two important respects. Firstly, they tend to fall back into a reductionist and mechanistic treatment of governance, without adequate appreciation of the firm as a ‘complex adaptive system’ needing to be addressed holistically with a conscious concern for its social purpose and the value of entrepreneurial activity. Secondly, its cultural model fails to distinguish the descriptive from the normative. It consequentially has no basis for the diagnosis of dysfunction, and the promotion of more ethical behavior resulting in the piling up of regulations that can constrain both good and bad behaviors We suggest a virtue ethics framework that that supports aspiration to the virtues –particularly the justice and integrity that are missing from many organizational cultures. – while recognising the need for restorative justice because mistakes are inevitable.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE GROWTH OF FIRMS: A VALUE ADDED ONSIDERATION

This paper concentrates on growth; one of the important aspects of firm behavior, in the Malaysian manufacturing sector between 2000 and 2006. It attempts to analyze the effects of information technology on firms’ growth in this period among 185 firms. By employing dynamic panel data and generalized method of moments (GMM), this work shows that information technology expenditure displays a positive effect on the growth of firms in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. The results also show that besides this factor, some elements, such as minimum efficient scale, productivity, technology, sunk cost, and capitallabor ratio have an effect on firms’ growth. The findings show that information technology expenditure could not be an effective tool for enhancing growth for firms that are under a certain level of productivity.
A simple approach to maximum intractable likelihood estimation

Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) can be viewed as an analytic approximation of an intractable likelihood coupled with an elementary simulation step. Such a view, combined with a suitable instrumental prior distribution permits maximum-likelihood (or maximum-a-posteriori) inference to be conducted, approximately, using essentially the same techniques. An elementary approach to this problem which simply obtains a nonparametric approximation of the likelihood surface which is then maximised is developed here and the convergence of this class of algorithms is characterised theoretically. The use of non-sufficient summary statistics in this context is considered. Applying the proposed method to four problems demonstrates good performance. The proposed approach provides an alternative for approximating the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) in complex scenarios.
Emotional Intelligence and Human Resource Management: The Case of Municipal Sports Organizations

Indoor sports facilities of the municipal sports organizations managed by persons that are sports managers, physical education teachers and others holding degrees by the human resource or business management department.This study’s aim is to assess the psychometric properties of the Wrong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) in these managers.Ninety-nine directors of the indoor sports facilities of the East Attica municipal sports organizationwere randomly selected to participate in the study. All the subjects rated in the items of the questionnaire were validated in Greek by Kafetsios and Zampetakis. Exploratory factor analysis of the data confirmed the four factors of the scale as: 1. «Self emotion appraisal», 2. «Others’ emotion appraisal», 3. «Use of emotion» and4. «Regulation of emotion»and he Cronbach’s alpha of the scale was 0.82, while the internal consistency of each factor revealed the coefficients from 0.70 to 0.75. Further studies with larger samples of the sports managers employed in the municipal sports organization are needed to confirm the results of the present study.
Efficient Construction of Approximate Ad-Hoc ML models Through Materialization and Reuse

Machine learning has become an essential toolkit for complex analytic processing. Data is typically stored in large data warehouses with multiple dimension hierarchies. Often, data used for building an ML model are aligned on OLAP hierarchies such as location or time. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of efficiently constructing approximate ML models for new queries from previously constructed ML models by leveraging the concepts of model materialization and reuse . For example, is it possible to construct an approximate ML model for data from the year 2017 if one already has ML models for each of its quarters? We propose algorithms that can support a wide variety of ML models such as generalized linear models for classification along with K-Means and Gaussian Mixture models for clustering. We propose a cost based optimization framework that identifies appropriate ML models to combine at query time and conduct extensive experiments on real-world and synthetic datasets. Our results indicate that our framework can support analytic queries on ML models, with superior performance, achieving dramatic speedups of several orders in magnitude on very large datasets.
A review on

Stroke is a common worldwide health problem and a crucial contributor to gained disability. The abilities of people, who are subjected to stroke, to live independently are significantly affected since affected upper limbs ’ functions are essential for our daily life. This review article focuses on emerging trends in BCI-controlled rehabilitation techniques based on EMG, EEG, or EGM + EEG signals in the last few years. Working on developing rehabilitation robotics, is considered a wealthy scientific area for researchers in the last period. There is a significant advantage that the human acquires from the interaction between the machine and his body, rehabilitation for a patient ’ s limb is very important to get the body limb recovery, and this is what is provided mostly by applying robotic devices.
Characterization of ferredoxin and flavodoxin as markers of iron limitation in marine phytoplankton

Under conditions of iron stress, many organisms replace the common iron-sulfur redox protein ferredoxin with flavodoxin, a functionally equivalent, non-iron-containing protein. These 2 proteins have been proposed to be indicators of iron nutritional status in marine phytoplankton, but little is known of their expression and regulation. This study characterized their expression by: testing 17 marine phytoplankton isolates from 4 different algal classes for their ability to induce flavodoxin under iron limitation, determining the effect of ecologically relevant limiting factors (other than iron) on flavodoxin expression using the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii as a model organism, and examining, in detail, the relationship between iron availability and relative ferredoxin/flavodoxin abundance again using T weissflogii as a model. In the organisms examined, the most common response (1 of 17 isolates ) to iron limitation was induction of flavodoxin and suppression of ferredoxin expression. The remaining 5 isolates, largely of coastal origin, were never observed to produce flavodoxin. These 5 non-inducing organisms have been shown to have high intrinsic Fe requirements for growth and should therefore not present a problem for field measurements of ferredoxin and flavodoxin in iron-poor areas. Expression of flavodoxin in T. weissflogii was found to be specific to iron limitation, and was not induced by nitrate, phosphate, silicate, zinc or light deficiency. The prevalence of the flavodoxin response and its insensitivity to other limiting factors support its use as an indicator of the presence of iron limitation. Iron regulation of relative ferredoxin and flavodoxin abundance (the Fd index) and iron availability was examined in greater detail by measuring the Fd index in T. weissflogii grown over a range of limiting iron concentrations. The relationship between Fd index and growth rate (a proxy for iron availability) is composed of 2 distinct regions. In the first region, at low growth rates, ferredoxin is un<letectable and the Fd index is uniformly zero. In the second region, at moderate-to-fast growth rates, ferredoxin and flavodoxin co-occur in the cells. This implies that flavodoxin substitution is not a simple 'on-or-off' response. Flavodoxin expression is also very sensitive to iron limitation, occurring even at fast growth rates (80 to 90% μ max ). When the 2 proteins co-occurred in cells, their relative abundance (the Fd index) tended to increase along with increasing iron availability. Thus, variation in the Fd index has the potential to indicate spatial and temporal changes in the severity of iron stress in the phytoplankton community.
Standardization of propagation and agro techniques in Ginkgo biloba L. - A medicinally important plant

Due to the high medicinal value and high demand of its herbal products globally, it has been exploited indiscriminately and facing high risk of extinction. An efficient and sustainable protocol has been developed for its propagation by semi hard stem cuttings and by seeds also. Some growth hormones have been used in different concentrations. The highest sprouting (%) was recorded in the Catchin acid at 10 mg/l (96.67%) and lowest in Tanic acid 2.5 mg/l (24.0%). The statistically significant rooting (%) and root length/plant in 2nd year was recorded in IBA 250 mg/l (85.33%). In IBA + Phloroglucinol, 250+10 mg/l, and Salicyclic acid 25 mg/l, (7.33) and average root length/plant were recorded in IBA 250 mg/l, (13.67cm). In NAA 250 mg/l (14.67cm). The statistically significant seed germination (%) in IBA 250 mg/l (85.74%) and NAA in 500 mg/l (84.73%) was also comparable. (FYM doses viz, 15, 30, 45 & 60 t/ha with control) were recorded in monthly interval from 2005 to 2013 statistically analyzed on a yearly basis. The purpose of FYM x Spacing trial was to study the potential of leaf production for commercial use. In 2009 to 2013, FYM 30 t/ha produced highest quantity of leaves.
Phototactic responses of four marine dinoflagellates with different types of eyespot and chloroplast

Great structural variety is seen in the eyespot of dinoflagellates, a structure involved in phototaxis. Although there are several works on the phototactic responses in some species of dinoflagellates, none of the dinoflagellates used in these studies possessed an eyespot and, therefore, we have no knowledge of the relationship between eyespot type and phototactic response. In this study, we determined wavelength dependency curves for phototaxis in four marine dinoflagellates that possess a different type of either eyespot or chloroplast. These include: (i) a dinoflagellate possessing a peridinin‐containing ohioroplast with an eyespot (Scrippsiella hexapraecingula Horiguchi et Chihara); (ii) a dinoflagellate containing a diatom endosymbiont and with the type B eyespot sensu Dodge (1984; (Peridinium foli‐aceum (Stein) Biecheler); (iii) a dinoflagellate with peri‐dinin‐containing chloroplasts, but lacking an eyespot (Atexandrium hiranoi Kita et Fukuyo); and (iv) a dinoflagellate with fucoxanthin, 19′‐hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin and 19′‐butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, but lacking an eyespot (Gymnodinium mikimotoi Miyabe et Kominami ex Oda), Regardless of the eyespot or the chloroplast type, all four dinoflagellates showed similar wavelength dependency curves for phototaxis, with sensitivity between 380 and 520 nm, the highest peak at approximately 440 or 460 nm and smaller peaks or shoulders at 400–420 nm and 480–500 nm. Substantial peaks have also been noted in the ultraviolet range (260–280 nm). The ultrastructural study of the eye‐spot of Scrippsiella hexapraecingula revealed that the eyespot consists of two layers of lipid globules and probably acts as a quarter‐wave stack antenna.
Sentence Classification for Investment Rules Detection

In the last years, compliance requirements for the banking sector have greatly augmented, making the current compliance processes difficult to maintain. Any process that allows to accelerate the identification and implementation of compliance requirements can help address this issues. The contributions of the paper are twofold: we propose a new NLP task that is the investment rule detection, and a group of methods identify them. We show that the proposed methods are highly performing and fast, thus can be deployed in production.