Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computerization, labor productivity and employment: impacts across industries vary with technological level

Technical progress notably through computerization raises concerns about the future of labor. In parallel, productivity became sluggish in many developed countries and computers are everywhere but not in all productivity statistics, especially not among non IT producing manufacturing industries in the United States (Acemoglu, Autor, Dorn, Hanson, and Price, 2014). To observe whether job losses and missing labor productivity gains from computerization are localized in the same part of the manufacturing sector, this paper delves into targeted disaggregated focuses in France between 1994 and 2007. As computers can be used as complements or substitutes for labor depending on the (non-) routine nature of tasks, we concentrate on low-tech vs. mid/high tech industries and on high-skilled vs. low-skilled workers. Our main results are the following. Contrary to the United States, labor productivity is not driven to a large extent by IT-producing industries. Yet, for the whole IT-using manufacturing sector, computerization is associated with positive but fragile effects on labor productivity, and to unambiguous declines in employment. Actually, a labor saving effect of computerization is massively concentrated among industries relying on low production technology. For mid/high-tech IT-using industries, evidence is less straightforward on labor productivity. Among them, computerization is not associated to job cuts whatever the job type, and is related to a rise in the share of high-skilled workers. In the end, computerization could go in hand in hand with economy wide structural changes, with strong productivity improvements in declining sectors and labor deepening in rising ones.
Determinants of thymotropism in Kaplan radiation leukemia virus and nucleotide sequence of its envelope region

Radiation leukemia viruses (RadLVs) are a group of murine leukemia viruses which are induced by radiation and cause T-cell leukemia. Viral clones isolated from the BL/VL3 lymphoid cell line derived from a thymoma show variable tropism and leukemogenic potential. We have constructed chimeric viruses by in vitro recombination between two viruses, a RadLV that is thymotropic and an endogenous ecotropic virus that is nonthymotropic. We show here that, in contrast to thymotropism determinants identified previously, which lie in the long terminal repeat (LTR), it is the envelope region that is responsible for the thymotropism of BL/VL3 RadLV. The nonthymotropic virus which we have rendered thymotropic by transfer of the env region of RadLV in the present study has been shown previously to become thymotropic when the LTR of another thymotropic virus is inserted in its genome. Thus, the LTR and envelope gene may be involved in complementary action to lead to thymotropism.
PENGARUH KARAKTER EKSEKUTIF, KARAKTERISTIK PERUSAHAAN DAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh karakter eksekutif, karakteristik perusahaan yang diproksikan dengan leverage dan capital intensity, dan corporate governance yang diproksikan dengan kepemilikan manajerial, kepemilikan institusional, komisaris independen, komite audit dan kualitas audit terhadap tax avoidance. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan properti dan real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2010-2013. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan tahunan perusahaan properti dan real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi logistik yang dilakukan dengan bantuan SPSS versi 15.00 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel karakter eksekutif dan corporate governance tidak berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance, sedangkan variabel karakteristik perusahaan terbukti berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance. Kata kunci: Tax Avoidance, Karakter Eksekutif, Karakteristik Perusahaan, Corporate Governance
Hands off my Brand! The Financial Consequences of Protecting Brands through Trademark Infringement Lawsuits

Well-known brands are frequently imitated, misused, or tampered with. Firms facing these threats routinely turn to the legal system and file trademark infringement lawsuits in an attempt to prevent revenue losses and brand equity dilution. In this article, the authors address the largely unexplored issue of brand protection. First, they categorize all major types of trademark infringement. Second, using signaling and prospect theories, they present a conceptual model that outlines the financial consequences of defending a brand in court. The authors test the predictions of this framework using a large sample of trademark infringement lawsuits and find that although investors react negatively in the short term to firms’ filing and even to firms’ winning such cases, the long-term performance of firms that successfully leverage the legal system to protect their brands is positive.
Towards Matched Pairs of Porphyrin–ReI/99mTcI Conjugates that Combine Photodynamic Activity with Fluorescence and Radio Imaging

We recently prepared two novel water soluble porphyrins bearing a single peripheral chelator, either diethylenetriamine (1) or bipyridyl (2), tethered to one meso position. The preparation of their conjugates with a fac‐{99mTc(CO)3}+ fragment and the potential of these resulting conjugates as fluorescence and radio imaging tools were also described. In this work, we focused on the corresponding non‐radioactive analogues that bear the fac‐{Re(CO)3}+ fragment (diethylenetriamine 3 and bipyridyl 4). We report on the uptake, in vitro PDT activity, and cellular localization of ReI conjugates 3 and 4 in comparison to the parent porphyrins 1 and 2. Compounds 1–4 have modest or negligible cytotoxicity in the dark against HeLa human cervical cancer cells but become remarkably cytotoxic after exposure to moderate doses of red visible light (590–700 nm). This phototoxicity was found to be directly proportional to the total light dose. Although the four compounds show distinct uptake patterns, they have comparable PDT activity. Confocal fluorescence measurements showed that porphyrin 1 and its ReI conjugate 3 have different cellular localization patterns in HeLa cells.
Crossing the Work/Life Boundary with ICT: Moderating Effect of ICT Perception on the Relationship between Cross-domain ICT Use and Work/Life Conflict

Abstract Information and communication technology (ICT) enables employees to seamlessly traverse work and life domains, and thus impacts employee work/life interactions. Employers today are mindful of employee work/life interactions as an important element in employee wellbeing. With ICT being an integral element of today’s workplace, the ICT implications on work/life interactions have great relevance for the employers and policymakers. Literature on ICT and work/life interactions have focused on the Western and/or developed countries. Considering the rapid adaptation of ICTs in developing countries, it is important to understand whether the effect of ICT use on work/life interactions is universal. This study examined the impact of cross-domain ICT use on individual work/life conflict using a sample of professionals/ managers from Sri Lanka. Next, the cognitive dissonance theory was used to examine whether individuals’ perception towards ICTs (positive or negative) has a moderating impact on the aforementioned relationship. The findings validated the literature by demonstrating that cross-domain ICT use positively relates to work/life conflict even in the Sri Lankan context. Next, the results empirically demonstrated that individuals with negative perception towards ICT tend to experience a stronger relationship between work ICT use beyond times and work-to-life conflict. The theoretical contribution together with the implications for employers, human resource practitioners and individuals are also discussed.
Brain activation underlying threat detection to targets of different races

The current study examined blood oxygen level-dependent signal underlying racial differences in threat detection. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants determined whether pictures of Black or White individuals held weapons. They were instructed to make shoot responses when the picture showed armed individuals but don’t shoot responses to unarmed individuals, with the cost of not shooting armed individuals being greater than that of shooting unarmed individuals. Participants were faster to shoot armed Blacks than Whites, but faster in making don’t shoot responses to unarmed Whites than Blacks. Brain activity differed to armed versus unarmed targets depending on target race, suggesting different mechanisms underlying threat versus safety decisions. Anterior cingulate cortex was preferentially engaged for unarmed Whites than Blacks. Parietal and visual cortical regions exhibited greater activity for armed Blacks than Whites. Seed-based functional connectivity of the amygdala revealed greater coherence with parietal and visual cortices for armed Blacks than Whites. Furthermore, greater implicit Black-danger associations were associated with increased amygdala activation to armed Blacks, compared to armed Whites. Our results suggest that different neural mechanisms may underlie racial differences in responses to armed versus unarmed targets.
Wake-up receiver operating at 433 MHz

Sensor nodes often have to work for a long time with a single battery. A change of the power source is sometimes not possible or involves effort and costs. If the node needs to be accessible for communication at any point of time it must have a radio in permanent receive state. This depletes the battery in a few days. The contradiction between long lifetime and permanent accessibility can be solved by using a separate wake-up receiver on the node. In this work we present a sensor node with included wake-up receiver working in the 433MHz ISM band. Our solution consumes 2.8 μA of current in sleep state while still maintaining a realtime behaviour. The low current consumption is achieved by modulating a 125 kHz wake-up signal on the 433MHz carrier in the sender. In the receiving node a passive demodulation circuit extracts the wake-up signal and feeds it to an 125 kHz low frequency receiver IC. An additional 16 bit address coding is used for an selective wake-up of nodes.
Values add value: An online tool enhances postgraduate evidence-based practice learning

Background: To better prepare practitioners for the complex world of clinical decision-making, teaching evidence-based practice needs to move beyond its focus on skills and knowledge to give students an experience and understanding of applying evidence in practice. Aim: To explore whether incorporating an online values-based tool enhanced learning in a post graduate epidemiology course. Methods: Having completed a critical appraisal of an epidemiological study, students were asked to then respond to a case scenario, using the analytical frameworks of the Values-Exchange, a software tool that highlights ethical domains in decision-making. The student experience of the Values-Exchange was evaluated using focus groups. Sessions were audiotaped and transcribed. In total, 613 responses were analysed by two independent coders to identify emergent themes. Results: Three main themes emerged: (1) the Values-Exchange exposed students to new concepts and ideas relating to healthcare decision-making; (2) the diversity of other student values broadened their perspectives and (3) the experience brought reality to what it means to apply evidence in practice. Conclusion: Adding an online values-based tool to clinical epidemiology teaching was highly valued by students and enabled new understandings of empirical evidence and its application in practice.
Study of mutation and misfolding of Cu-Zn SOD1 protein

The main objective of this work is to determine the mechanism for misfolding and aggregation as a result of mutations in Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase1. The quantum mechanical approach is beneficial for investigating the early stages of mutation, misfolding, and loss of protection of the native structures involved in the neuro-degeneration disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. All the structures were optimized using density functional theory (B3LYP) with 6–31G* and LANL2DZ basis sets. The binding energies of the metal ions with their associated residues in the active site loop and metal binding loop have been investigated for native and metal-bound mutated structures. The metal ion affinity (MIA) was computed for all the structures. The binding energy and MIA in gas phase reveal the nature of interaction of active site residues with the metal cations. The electronic effect prevailing between the side chains of the residues in the active site governing the intermolecular interactions is given by the polarizability studies. The role of the bridging residue His 63 in the active site of the protein in the native and metal-bound mutated structures have been studied using ONIOM method to reveal the changes that takes place in the structural parameters during mutation. The molecular dynamics simulation is used to explore different dynamic properties of active site in native and metal-bound mutated structures. The structural information provided by the molecular dynamics simulation illustrates the structural consequences in the mutated structures.
Addition of low-dose ketamine to midazolam and low-dose bupivacaine improves hemodynamics and postoperative analgesia during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section

Background and Aims: Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section (CS) is associated with an incidence of hypotension of 60-94%. This study hypothesizes that intrathecal combination of low-dose ketamine, midazolam, and low-dose bupivacaine improves hemodynamics and postoperative analgesia compared with fentanyl and low-dose bupivacaine during CS. Material and Methods: Fifty parturients undergoing elective CS were randomized equally to receive ketamine (10 mg), midazolam (2 mg) and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (8 mg) in group ketamine-midazolam-bupivacaine (KMB) or fentanyl (25 μg) and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (8 mg) in group fentanyl-bupivacaine (FB). Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation, sensorimotor block characteristics, pain-free period, side-effects including: hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, sedation, pruritus, respiratory depression and dissociative manifestations, Apgar score at 1 and 5 min, and patients' satisfaction visual analog scores (VAS) were recorded. Patients in group KMB were followed for 6 months in order to assess any neurological disorder. Results: Group KMB showed higher sensory level (P = 0.006), rapid sensory (P = 0.001) and motor (P = 0.005) onsets, prolonged sensory (P = 0.008) and motor (P = 0.002) blocks, and prolonged pain free period (P = 0.002). Ketamine-midazolam stabilized HR and MAP, and significantly reduced incidence of hypotension (P = 0.002), bradycardia (P = 0.013) and vomiting (P = 0.019). Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min were comparable in both groups (P = 0.699 and 0.646 respectively). Patients' satisfaction VAS scores were significantly higher in group KMB (P = 0.001). No patients in KMB group showed dissociative or neurotoxic manifestations. Conclusion: Intrathecal low-dose ketamine combined with midazolam and low-dose bupivacaine stabilizes hemodynamics and prolongs postoperative analgesia without significant side-effects in parturients undergoing CS.
The influence of selected pathological states on the somatostatin-like immunoreactive (SOM-LI) endocrine cells in the mucosal layer of the porcine descending colon

This study reports on changes in the number of somatostatin-like immunoreactive (SOM-LI) endocrine cells in the porcine descending colon, caused by chemically driven inflammation, axotomy and proliferative enteropathy (PE). The distribution pattern of SOM-LI endocrine cells has been studied using the routine single-labelling immunofluorescence technique. Semi-quantitative evaluation of the number of the SOM-immunostained endocrine cells within the mucosal layer of the porcine descending colon has been based on counting of all endocrine cells immunoreactive to SOM per unit area (0,1 mm2). Under physiological conditions the number of SOM-LI endocrine cells has been shown to constitute 3,30±0,22. All applied pathological processes resulted in changes in the SOM-like immunoreactivity, which varied in particular processes studied. The number of SOM-LI endocrine cells increased to 6,28±0,31 and 4,43±0,35 during chemically driven inflammation and proliferative enteropathy, respectively, and decreased to 1,17%±0,16 after axotomy. The obtained results suggest that SOM-LI endocrine cells may participate in various pathological states within porcine descending colon and their functions probably depend on the type of pathological factor.
The Effect of Managerial Ability on a Firms Dividend Policy: Evidence from Korea

This study examined the effect of managerial ability on a firm’s dividend policy. In addition, this study investigated how the type of manager and their different risk characteristicsrepresented in this study by professional CEOs and owner CEOs-affect the relationship between managerial ability and the firm’s dividend policy. We used 4,593 firm-year observations from the KOSPI for the period 2003–2013, lending our findings considerable power. The results showed that managerial ability was significantly positively associated with a firm’s dividend policy, as proxied by the propensity for dividend payments. Moreover, the positive relationship between managerial ability and dividend payments was particularly pronounced in firms with professional CEOs. These results suggest that professional CEOs strengthen the positive effect of managerial ability on increased dividend payments.
THE RESPONSE OF SHIPBUILDING ACTIVITIES TO FREIGHT MARKET

Maritime transport has different economic characteristics than most other markets. These features cause continuous cyclical movements on the market and cause some businesses to eradicate from the market due to making the wrong decisions. Apart from the changes in the demand side, the short-term inelasticity of the supply side contributes much to these cycles. The reason is that the shipbuilding process lasts for 1-3 years, and the effects of the ordering decision taken today are reflected in the market when the construction process is over. In this respect, since the main factor influencing the investment decision is income, it is certain that there is a delayed relationship between the freight rates and the completed ship tonnage. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the current literature by empirically testing this delayed relationship, which is already established in theory. The Baltic Dry Index (BDI), which is based on freight rates, is used as a representative of freight revenue. Data used in the study are annual observations covering the years 1985 and 2017. Correlation, regression and cross-correlation methods were used to determine the relationship between freight revenue and completed tonnage. As a result of the study, it was found that the completed tonnage reacted change in the income after 2 years and there was a positive relationship between the variables.
In vitro assessment of a novel, hypothermically stored amniotic membrane for use in a chronic wound environment

Chronic wounds require extensive healing time and place patients at risk of infection and amputation. Recently, a fresh hypothermically stored amniotic membrane (HSAM) was developed and has subsequently shown promise in its ability to effectively heal chronic wounds. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of action that contribute to wound‐healing responses observed with HSAM. A proteomic analysis was conducted on HSAM, measuring 25 growth factors specific to wound healing within the grafts. The rate of release of these cytokines from HSAMs was also measured. To model the effect of these cytokines and their role in wound healing, proliferation and migration assays with human fibroblasts and keratinocytes were conducted, along with tube formation assays measuring angiogenesis using media conditioned from HSAM. Additionally, the cell–matrix interactions between fibroblasts and HSAM were investigated. Conditioned media from HSAM significantly increased both fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation and migration and induced more robust tube formation in angiogenesis assays. Fibroblasts cultured on HSAMs were found to migrate into and deposit matrix molecules within the HSAM graft. These collective results suggest that HSAM positively affects various critical pathways in chronic wound healing, lending further support to promising qualitative results seen clinically and providing further validation for ongoing clinical trials.
Digital Library and Intellectual Issues—Issues in Copyright and Intellectual Property

The study aims at identifying the concept of digital library, it also tries to shed the light on the most significant intellectual issues by presenting its definition, development, functions (selection and acquisition of information resources from the web, sources indexing, communication and management of intellectual property rights, production of electronic resources and its availability, and digital resources maintaining), characteristics, and the purpose of turning into digital library, passed by the proposed stages of digital library transition, Types of Intellectual Property (Copyright, Patents, Trademarks, Commercial Secrets), it also discusses copyrights and intellectual property, the problems and challenges of digital library, and finally the future of digital library. Many researchers agree that the main objective of the digital library is to accomplish all the functions of the traditional library, but in the form of electronic digital libraries which are only an extension for jobs that are performed and the resources that are accessible in digital library. The study concluded that digital libraries emerged as an obligatory result of revolution of the third millennium which is called the communications revolution, as libraries are able to prove that they are able to stand and cope with all the modern technology, where there is no conflict between the new and modern trends in libraries issue, but it also benefits from both of them concerning their evolution instruments in service for beneficiaries in every time and place.