Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between self‐reported childhood behavioral inhibition and lifetime anxiety disorders in a clinical sample

To examine the association between an early inhibited temperament and lifetime anxiety disorders, we studied a sample of patients with major depression who were not selected on the basis of comorbid axis I anxiety disorders. One‐hundred eighty‐nine adults (range=17–68 years) referred to a tertiary depression unit underwent structured diagnostic interviews for depression and anxiety and completed two self‐report measures of behavioral inhibition, the retrospective measure of behavioural inhibition (RMBI) [Gladstone and Parker, 2005] and the adult measure of behavioural inhibition (AMBI) [Gladstone and Parker, 2005]. Patients' scores were classified into “low,” “moderate,” or “high” inhibition. While groups did not differ in terms of depression severity, there were differences across groups in clinically diagnosed nonmelancholic status and age of onset of first episode. Those reporting a high degree of childhood inhibition were significantly more likely to qualify for a diagnosis of social phobia, and this association was independent of their scores on the AMBI. Findings are discussed in light of the existing risk‐factor literature and support the hypothesis that an early inhibited temperament may be a significant precursor to later anxiety, especially social anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety 22:103–113, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alternative bacterial two-component small heat shock protein systems

Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones that prevent the aggregation of nonnative proteins. The sHsps investigated to date mostly form large, oligomeric complexes. The typical bacterial scenario seemed to be a two-component sHsps system of two homologous sHsps, such as the Escherichia coli sHsps IbpA and IbpB. With a view to expand our knowledge on bacterial sHsps, we analyzed the sHsp system of the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, which is resistant against various stress conditions. D. radiodurans encodes two sHsps, termed Hsp17.7 and Hsp20.2. Surprisingly, Hsp17.7 forms only chaperone active dimers, although its crystal structure reveals the typical α-crystallin fold. In contrast, Hsp20.2 is predominantly a 36mer that dissociates into smaller oligomeric assemblies that bind substrate proteins stably. Whereas Hsp20.2 cooperates with the ATP-dependent bacterial chaperones in their refolding, Hsp17.7 keeps substrates in a refolding-competent state by transient interactions. In summary, we show that these two sHsps are strikingly different in their quaternary structures and chaperone properties, defining a second type of bacterial two-component sHsp system.
Characterizing Dust Attenuation in Local Star-forming Galaxies: Near-infrared Reddening and Normalization

We characterize the near-infrared dust attenuation for a sample of ∼5500 local ( ) star-forming galaxies and obtain an estimate of their average total-to-selective attenuation . We utilize data from the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope and the Two-Micron All Sky Survey, which is combined with previously measured UV–optical data for these galaxies. The average attenuation curve is slightly lower in the far-ultraviolet than in local starburst galaxies by roughly 15% but appears similar at longer wavelengths with a total-to-selective normalization of . Under the assumption of energy balance, the total attenuated energy inferred from this curve is found to be broadly consistent with the observed infrared dust emission ( ) in a small sample of local galaxies for which far-infrared measurements are available. However, the significant scatter in this quantity among the sample may reflect large variations in the attenuation properties of individual galaxies. We also derive the attenuation curve for subpopulations of the main sample, separated according to mean stellar population age (via ), specific star formation rate, stellar mass, and metallicity, and find that they show only tentative trends with low significance, at least over the range that is probed by our sample. These results indicate that a single curve is reasonable for applications seeking to broadly characterize large samples of galaxies in the local universe, while applications to individual galaxies would yield large uncertainties and is not recommended.
Comparitive sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction diagnosis of psittacine beak and feather disease on feather samples, cloacal swabs and blood from budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulates, Shaw 18005)

A longitudinal study was performed in order to investigate virus excretion and viraemia during a clinical outbreak of the psittacine beak and feather disease in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Viral nucleic acid was detected in feathers, cloacal swabs and blood samples. Overall, beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) DNA was detected most commonly in feather samples, followed by cloacal swabs, and least frequently from blood samples. In most cases the viraemia was short lived and correlated with clinical signs, such as feather abnormalities. Sequence analysis of the polymerase chain reaction fragment amplified from the replication-associated gene (ORF V1) indicated a close relationship with other BFDV isolates. Overall the highest level of nucleotide identity was found with the ORF V1 of another budgerigar isolate. Our results suggest that feather samples and cloacal swabs should be taken for polymerase chain reaction diagnosis to determine the presence of BFDV in an aviary, but that detection in these samples may not correlate well with psittacine beak and feather disease.
HhaI and HpaII DNA methyltransferases bind DNA mismatches, methylate uracil and block DNA repair.

The hydrolytic deamination of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to thymine (T) is believed to be responsible for the high mutability of the CpG dinucleotide in DNA. We have shown a possible alternate mechanism for mutagenesis at CpG in which HpaII DNA-(cytosine-5) methyltransferase (M.HpaII) can enzymatically deaminate cytosine (C) to uracil (U) in DNA [Shen, J.-C. , Rideout, W.M. , III and Jones, P.A. , Cell, 71, 1073-1080, (1992)]. Both the hydrolytic deamination of 5-mC and enzymatic deamination of C create premutagenic DNA mismatches (G:U and G:T) with the guanine (G) originally paired to the normal C. Surprisingly, we found that DNA-(cytosine-5) methyltransferases have higher affinities for these DNA mismatches than for their normal G:C targets and are capable of transferring a methyl group to the 5-position of U, creating T at low efficiencies. This binding by methyltransferase to mismatches at the recognition site prevented repair of G:U mismatches by uracil DNA glycosylase in vitro.
Targeted Disruption of Stat 3 Signaling Inhibits Tumor Growth and Brain Metastases by Caveolin-1 Upregulation

Departments of Neurosurgery, Pathology, Neuro-Oncology, and Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Women’s Cancer Section, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; and Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
Identification and Characterization of an Ecl1-Family Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We found that YGR146C of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a functional homolog of Ecl1 that is involved in the chronological lifespan of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. When YGR146C is overexpressed, it extends the viability of wild-type S. cerevisiae cells after entry into the stationary phase, as in the case of Ecl1. We propose that Ecl1 family proteins are novel regulatory factors involved in chronological lifespan among yeasts.
Use of Tobacco and Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis in Teenagers

The Study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Use of tobacco & its associated products & Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis among teenagers. It was conducted on 750 school going teenagers of Dehradun city. Results of the study showed that 34.1% of the study subjects used tobacco & its associated products & among them 14.2% of Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis cases were identified. Association between type of tobacco product & occurrence of Oral sub Mucous Fibrosis was also found. Tobacco & its associated products have been identified as a high risk for occurrence of the precancerous condition (Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis). Essential steps must be instituted to decelerate this rapidly evolving epidemic of Tobacco/Areca nut use & thus Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis & Oral cancer.
The diffuse intimal thickening of the human aorta with aging.

As a preliminary to studies on arteriosclerosis of the aorta, it was essential for us to establish the normal structure of the vessel. The lesions of arteriosclerosis are generally regarded as being focal. ' Preceding these focal lesions there is, however, a diffuse thickening, occurring in the intima, which increases with age and is more marked in the lower than in the upper aorta. These changes were well described by Jores.2 Some investigators3 have stated that this diffuse thickening is more prominent in the dorsal than in the ventral part of the vessel. A sex difference in the incidence of this lesion has been shown to exist in coronary arteries,4 but Prior5 did not collect enough material to draw a definite conclusion regarding a similar sex difference in the aorta. It is important to bear these changes in mind because they pre-exist the superimposed focal arteriosclerotic lesions. The aim of the present study is to investigate the structure and development of the diffuse intimal thickening of the aorta in order to achieve a better understanding of the superimposed focal arteriosclerotic lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS
The epidemiology of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: geographical variation and clinical associations

Aims/Background Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a potentially blinding condition. Obtaining an accurate estimate of RRD incidence in the population is essential in understanding the healthcare burden related to this disorder. Methods A systematic review of all population-based epidemiology studies of RRD published between January 1970 and January 2009 from Medline database searches was performed. Results RRD incidence demonstrates significant geographical variation and its incidence has been reported to be between 6.3 and 17.9 per 100 000 population. For studies with a sample size >300 the median annual incidence per 100 000 population was 10.5 (IQR 8.1–13.2) and the mean proportion of bilateral RRD was 7.26%. Overall, the mean prevalence of lattice degeneration was 45.7±20.3% and myopia was 47.28±12.59%. Conclusions Estimates of RRD incidence have varied threefold, but inclusion criteria and other design features have differed across studies making direct comparisons difficult. The overall incidence of RRD is not yet well established: more incidence studies of adequate methodology are needed to explore temporal changes in incidence. RRD incidence varies with ethnicity and is strongly associated with increasing age, myopia and certain vitreo-retinal degenerations. Due to changes in cataract surgery trends, the proportion of pseudophakic RRD presenting to specialised centres appears to be increasing.
Determinants of adoption of Mobile Healthcare Service

The purpose of this research is to discuss the determinants influencing users' intention of Mobile Healthcare Service (MHS) by integrating Health Belief Model, Technology Acceptance Model and innovativeness. Structural Equation Modelling is used for data analysis. The results reveal the user's attitude is most critical on their intention, followed by Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease-of-Use, external cues to actions, and innovativeness. This means that it is essential for medical institutions to strengthen users' attitude by advocating the system's benefits and operating convenience. This research also provides MHS industry references for designing comprehensive services and enhancing existing ones to gain competitive advantage.
The Caenorhabditis elegans lev‐8 gene encodes a novel type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α subunit

We have cloned Caenorhabditis elegans lev‐8 and demonstrated that it encodes a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit (previously designated ACR‐13), which has functional roles in body wall and uterine muscles as part of a levamisole‐sensitive receptor. LEV‐8 is an α subunit and is the first to be described from the ACR‐8‐like group, a new class of nAChR with atypical acetylcholine‐binding site (loop C) and channel‐lining motifs. A single base pair change in the first intron of lev‐8 in lev‐8(x15) mutants leads to alternative splicing and the introduction of a premature stop codon. lev‐8(x15) worms are partially resistant to levamisole‐induced egg laying and paralysis, phenotypes rescued by expression of the wild‐type gene. lev‐8(x15) worms also show reduced rates of pharyngeal pumping. Electrophysiological recordings from body wall muscle show that currents recorded in response to levamisole have reduced amplitude in lev‐8(x15) compared with wild‐type animals. Consistent with these phenotypic observations, green fluorescent protein fused to LEV‐8 is expressed in body wall and uterine muscle, motor neurons and epithelial‐derived socket cells. Thus, LEV‐8 is a levamisole receptor subunit and exhibits the most diverse expression pattern of any invertebrate nAChR subunit studied to date.
Computerized Tomography in Cerebral‐palsied Children

Of a total of 160 patients with cerebral palsy, 80 were studied by computerized tomography. In the congenital group, abnormal studies were found in two of the 12 patients with diplegia, 16 of the 18 with hemiplegia, 14 of the 18 with quadriplegia and five of the seven with atonic diplegia. 18 of the 21 patients with acquired disease had abnormal CT scans.
EFFECT OF COOLING RATES AND CRYSTALLIZATION TEMPERATURE ON CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS OF COCONUT OIL

It has been shown experimentally by many researchers that cooling rate and crystallization temperature affect the rate of crystal formation. In this study, crystallization kinetics of coconut oil was measured by monitoring the solid fraction of the oil using pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (pNMR). Four levels of cooling rate and crytallization temperature were studied. Parameters of crystallization kinetics are quantified by applying two different models namely Avrami model and Gompertz model. Avrami model was used to explain the mechanism of nucleation (Avrami index), crystallization rate constant and crystallization half-time, while Gompertz model was used to explain the induction time, maximum increase rate in crystallization and crystal polymorphic occurrence. Crystallization was done by heating the oil at a temperature of 70 °C for 10 minutes prior to rapid cooling to 29 °C. Then, rate of cooling from 29 °C to the crystallization temperature (critical cooling rate) was set below 2 °C/minutes. During the process, the oil was stirred at 15 rpm. Solid fraction was measured periodically since the crystallization temperature was reached until maximum solid fraction was achieved. The results showed that Avrami and Gompertz models are able to quantitatively describe coconut oil crystallization kinetics. Lower critical cooling rate decreases Avrami index, crystallization half time and induction time but increases crystallization rate constant and maximum increase rate in crystallization. Crystallization temperature has positive correlation with the crystallization rate contstant and Avrami index but has negative correlation with induction time and maximum increase rate in crystallization. 1) The article has been submitted for publication at Journal of Food Science and Technology Critical cooling rates and crystallization temperatures only effected on the thermodynamics and crystallization kinetics of coconut oil but not on its polymorphic occurrence.
Comparison of Emergency Department Visits for Complications of Gastrostomy Versus Gastrojejunostomy Tubes in Children

Objectives This study aims to evaluate frequency, type, and cost of gastrostomy tube (GT) versus gastrojejunostomy tube (GJT) complications in children presenting to the emergency department (ED). Methods Patients were selected by electronic health record search for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and procedure codes for GTs and GJTs/jejunostomy tubes. All children aged less than 18 years with GTs or GJTs placed during a 5-year period (2007–2012) at the University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital were identified for retrospective review. Comparisons were made on demographic data, number and type of complications, and interventions performed for ED visits, which were abstracted from the electronic health record. Cost data were abstracted from the financial data system. Results A total of 161 GT and GJT patients were identified; 31 children had 43 ED visits for complications. Ages ranged from 1 month to 17 years; median, 12 months; mean, 5.4 years; 25 (58%) were male, and 18 female (42%). Complications occurred in 15 GT (48.4%) and 16 GJT (51.6%) patients. The most common ED presenting complication was dislodgement, which occurred in 14 GTs (67%) and 18 GJTs (82%), followed by clogging 6 GTs (29%) and 1 GJTs (4.5%). Those presenting to the ED with GJT complications had higher mean overall charge (US $1987.00 vs US $913.10, P = 0.05). Conclusions Although GTs and GJTs had similar rates of complications and ED visits, GJT complications were more likely to result in hospital admission and intervention by radiology, require specialist involvement, and have a higher cost charged to the patient.
Dynorphin‐immunoreactive terminals in the rat nucleus accumbens: Cellular sites for modulation of target neurons and interactions with catecholamine afferents

Dynorphin facilitates conditioned place aversion and reduces locomotor activity through mechanisms potentially involving direct activation of target neurons or release of catecholamines from afferents in the nucleus accumbens. We examined the ultrastructural substrates underlying these actions by combining immunoperoxidase labeling for dynorphin 1–8 and immunogold silver labeling for the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The two markers were simultaneously visualized in single coronal sections through the rat nucleus accumbens. By light microscopy, dynorphin immunoreactivity was seen as patches of immunoreactive varicosities throughout all rostrocaudal levels of the nucleus accumbens. The dynorphin‐immunoreactive terminals identified by electron microscopy ranged from 0.2 to 1.5 μm in cross‐sectional diameter, contained numerous small (30–40 nm) clear vesicles, as well as one or more large (80–100 nm) dense core vesicles. From the dynorphin‐immunoreactive terminals quantitatively examined in single sections, 74% (173/370) showed symmetric synaptic junctions mainly with large unlabeled dendrites. Of the dynorphin‐immunoreactive terminals forming identifiable synapses, approximately 30% contacted more than one dendritic target. In addition, single dendrites frequently received convergent input from more than one dynorphin‐labeled terminal. Irrespective of their dendritic associations, dynorphin‐immunoreactive terminals also frequently showed close appositions with other axons and terminals; these included unlabeled (41%), TH‐labeled (10%) or dynorphin‐labeled axons (14%). In contrast to dynorphin‐immunoreactive terminals, TH‐labeled terminals formed primarily symmetric synapses with small dendrites and spines or lacked recognizable specializations in the plane of section analyzed. In some cases, single dendrites were postsynaptic to both dynorphin and TH‐immunoreactive terminals. We conclude that dynorphin‐immunoreactive terminals potently modulate, and most likely inhibit, target neurons in both subregions of the rat nucleus accumbens. This modulatory action could attenuate or potentiate incoming catecholamine signals on more distal dendrites of the accumbens neurons. The findings also suggest potential sites for presynaptic modulatory interactions involving dynorphin and catecholamine or other transmitters in apposed terminals.
Banting lecture 2001: dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in the etiology of type 2 diabetes.

Readers of this journal do not need to be reminded of the explosive increase in obesity/type 2 diabetes syndromes and their attendant staggering public health costs that are currently afflicting developed countries. Because of this alarming development and what it portends for the future if left unchecked, the American Diabetes Association, together with its counterparts around the world, as well as the World Health Organization, are faced with the daunting challenge of finding answers to two huge questions. First, what is the pathophysiological basis for these disorders? Second, why is their rate of appearance accelerating so rapidly at this particular juncture of human history, and what, if anything, can we do to intervene? The primary focus of this lecture will be on the first of these issues. I want to emphasize at the outset that I do not plan to dwell exclusively on our own studies in this area. Instead, I shall try to incorporate recent developments from a variety of other laboratories working in the field. Although these will of necessity have to be highly selective, I hope that collectively they will illustrate how we have come to a relatively new and exciting way of thinking about the etiology of type 2 diabetes. It has been said in literary circles that James Joyce’s Ulysses is probably the most frequently opened and least read book that has ever been published. In a similar vein, I sometimes think that the question of what causes type 2 diabetes might be one of the most frequently asked and least satisfactorily answered in the history of diabetes research. This is not meant to be an arrogant statement, nor indeed does it imply that I have a magical solution to the question at hand. Rather, it simply reflects the fact that at the dawn of …
Stress reactivity in bipolar patients and its relation to prior history of disorder.

OBJECTIVE Two questions were posed: Does stress precipitate episodes of bipolar I disorder, and does sensitivity to stress differ in episodes later in the course of illness compared to early ones? METHOD Fifty-two patients with bipolar I disorder were followed longitudinally for up to 2 years; clinical course was monitored, and interview assessments of life events were made every 3 months. RESULTS The patients who had episodes of illness during follow-up had experienced significantly more severe stressors and more total stress in the preceding 6 months, and more total stress in the preceding 3 months, than those without episodes. Inconsistent with Post's stress "sensitization" hypothesis, patients with more prior episodes were more likely to have episodes following major stressors, and they relapsed more rapidly. CONCLUSIONS Stressors may precipitate episodes of bipolar illness, especially for patients with more prior episodes. Different versions of the stress sensitization model remain to be tested.