Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collaborative calibration of the U. S. National and the College of American Pathologists reference preparations for specific serum proteins.

Under the auspices of the Ad Hoc Committee on Reference Preparations for Serum Proteins of the Standards Committee of the College of American Pathologists (CAP), and the Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 24 collaborators, including many experts from commercial firms that furnish the reagents and working curve calibrators actually used by most clinical laboratories in the United States, have cooperated to assign reliable values of mass and international units to 12 analytes in two freeze-dried reference preparations: The U. S. National Reference Preparation for Human Serum Proteins and the CAP Reference Preparation for Serum Proteins. The analytes estimated were: albumin, a-1-acid glycoprotein, α -1-antitrypsin, α -2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, C3, C4, IgG, IgA, IgM. haptoglobin, and transferrin. Individual collaborators used single radial immunodiffusion, electroimmunodiffusion (rocket assay) rate nephelometry, end-point nephelometry, immunofluorometric assay, and enzyme immunoassay. No method-associated bias was observed in this study, but different collaborators who used the same “local” calibrator with different methods obtained results that were in closer agreement. Overall, the average among collaborator coefficient of variation of the estimated analyte concentrations was 15.9% for concentrations derived from “local” calibrators and 8.9% for concentrations that related to use of a common calibrator. The mean estimates (mass and international units) of this study provide the most practical current consensus estimates of the “true” values for these analytes in these preparations. Consequently, these mean estimates were assigned to these two generally available preparations which now can be used to provide an accuracy base to unify interlaboratory results.
HTR2A: Association and expression studies in neuropsychiatric genetics

Over the last decade the gene encoding 5‐hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A (HTR2A) has been implicated as a functional candidate in many neuropsychiatric phenotypes including: schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), affective disorders, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, suicide and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different studies have tested for genetic association (case‐control and family‐based studies), protein expression (receptor binding assays), transcriptional expression (mRNA assays) and allelic expression. In this review we examine and summarize these findings in various neuropsychiatric phenotypes.
An Approach to Determining Intracranial Pressure Variability Capable of Predicting Decreased Intracranial Adaptive Capacity in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury

Nurses caring for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with intracranial hypertension (ICH) recognize that patients whose intracranial adaptive capacity is reduced are susceptible to periods of disproportionate increase in intracranial pressure (DIICP) in response to a variety of stimuli. It is possible that DIICP signals potential secondary brain damage due to sustained or intermittent ICH. However, there are few clinically accessible intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement parameters that allow nurses and other critical care clinicians to identify patients at risk of DIICP. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are specific minute-to-minute trends in ICP variability during the first 48 hr of monitoring that might accurately predict DIICP in patients with severe TBI. A total of 38 patients with severe TBI were sampled from the data set of a randomized controlled trial testing bedside monitoring displays and cerebral perfusion pressure management in individuals with TBI or sub-arachnoid hemorrhage. The investigators retrospectively examined the rates of change (slope) in mean, standard deviation, and variance of ICP on a 1-min basis for 30 consecutive min prior to a specified DIICP event. There was a significantly increasing linear and quadratic slope in mean ICP prior to the development of DIICP, compared with the comparison data set (p < .05). It is feasible to display moving averages in modern bedside monitoring. Such an arrangement may be useful to provide visual displays that provide immediate clinically relevant information regarding the patients with decreased adaptive capacity and therefore increased risk of DIICP.
An effective approach for treating unresectable hepatoblastoma in infants and children: Pre-operative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

The objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of pre-operative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for unresectable hepatoblastoma in infants and children. A total of 24 patients (14 males and 10 females) with unresectable hepatoblastoma, aged between 26 days and 41 months, were treated with pre-operative TACE between March 2007 and March 2011. All cases were confirmed by computed tomography (CT) and liver tumor biopsy prior to TACE. Arteriography was performed and the chemoembolization mixture (pirarubicin and cisplatin emulsified in lipiodol) was injected, followed by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The procedure was performed one to four times depending on the patient’s response. There was a significant reduction in tumor volume associated with decreased α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels following TACE. Tumor volumes decreased by between 46.1 and 90.2%, with a mean value of 72%. The AFP levels fell by between 63.8 and 99.9%, with a mean value of 95.7%. A total of 22 cases underwent subsequent safe complete surgical resection and the remaining two patients accepted a partial resection. To evaluate the toxicity of TACE, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine (Cr) and creatine kinase (CK) levels of the patients were measured to assess liver, renal and cardiac function, respectively. The results showed that no marked chemotherapeutic agent-induced toxicity occurred during TACE. It may be concluded that TACE is an effective and feasible pre-operative therapeutic approach for treating unresectable hepatoblastoma and that it may improve the resectability of bulky liver tumors.
Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV Infection Related to Perceived HIV/AIDS Threat Since Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Availability in Men Who Have Sex With Men

Objective: Concerns have been expressed regarding increase in risky sex because of the availability of antiretroviral treatments in Western countries. Goal: The goal of this longitudinal study was to investigate the association between highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)- and postexposure prophylaxis-related beliefs and the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and new HIV infections in men who have sex with men (MSM). Study: Data on the incidence of STDs and new HIV infection, and the level of agreement with different HAART- and PEP-related beliefs from 151 HIV-negative MSM were compiled. Results: Of all MSM, 65.6% tested negative for any STDs and 7 men HIV seroconverted. Perceiving less HIV/AIDS threat since HAART availability and younger age were significantly associated with a higher incidence of STDs. Perceiving less need for safe sex since HAART availability was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of HIV seroconversion. Conclusions: The results support the assumption that there is an association between the incidence of STDs and a decreased perception of HIV/AIDS threat resulting from HAART availability. Less perceived need for safe sex since HAART availability was associated with HIV seroconversion.
Renal Sympathetic Denervation for Treatment of Resistant Hypertension: A Systematic Review

Catheter‐based renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) is a novel technique that is being investigated as treatment for resistant hypertension. To systematically evaluate the existing literature on the safety and efficacy of RSD in persons with resistant hypertension, online searches of Medline and the Cochrane Library Database (up to June 2012) were performed. Randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and conference proceedings published in English language were included. Nineteen studies (N=683 persons) were included. Follow‐up duration ranged from 1 to 24 months. All studies reported significant reductions in systolic and diastolic pressures. Maximal reduction of blood pressure ranged from 18 mm Hg to 36 mm Hg (systolic) and 9 mm Hg to 15 mm Hg (diastolic). Sustained benefit of blood pressure reduction at 12 months was seen in 5 studies. No worsening of renal function was reported and there were few procedure‐related adverse events such as pseudoaneurysm formation, hypotension, and bradycardia. Data from short‐term studies suggest that RSD is a safe and effective therapeutic option in carefully selected patients with resistant hypertension. Long‐term studies with large patient populations are needed to study whether this benefit is sustained with a demonstrable difference in cardiovascular disease event rates.
Can The Crowd Identify Misinformation Objectively?: The Effects of Judgment Scale and Assessor's Background

Truthfulness judgments are a fundamental step in the process of fighting misinformation, as they are crucial to train and evaluate classifiers that automatically distinguish true and false statements. Usually such judgments are made by experts, like journalists for political statements or medical doctors for medical statements. In this paper, we follow a different approach and rely on (non-expert) crowd workers. This of course leads to the following research question: Can crowdsourcing be reliably used to assess the truthfulness of information and to create large-scale labeled collections for information credibility systems? To address this issue, we present the results of an extensive study based on crowdsourcing: we collect thousands of truthfulness assessments over two datasets, and we compare expert judgments with crowd judgments, expressed on scales with various granularity levels. We also measure the political bias and the cognitive background of the workers, and quantify their effect on the reliability of the data provided by the crowd.
The breast imaging reporting and data system: positive predictive value of mammographic features and final assessment categories.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to assess the positive predictive value of mammographic features and final assessment categories described in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) for lesions on which biopsies have been performed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We prospectively evaluated 492 impalpable mammographically detected lesions on which surgical biopsy (as opposed to percutaneous biopsy) was performed. Each lesion was classified according to BI-RADS descriptors for masses (margins and shape) and calcifications (morphology and distribution) and was categorized by the BI-RADS final assessment categories as category 3 ("probably benign"), category 4 ("suspicious abnormality"), or category 5 ("highly suggestive of malignancy"). Mammographic and pathologic findings were reviewed. RESULTS Carcinoma was present in 225 (46%) of 492 lesions. For the 492 lesions subject to biopsy, BI-RADS final assessment categories were category 3 in eight lesions (2%), category 4 in 355 (72%), and category 5 in 129 (26%). The features with highest positive predictive value for carcinoma were spiculated margins (81%), irregular shape (73%), linear calcification morphology (81%), and segmental or linear calcification distribution (74% and 68%, respectively). Carcinoma was present in 105 (81%) of 129 category 5 lesions compared with 120 (34%) of 355 category 4 lesions (p < .001). The frequency of carcinoma was higher in category 5 than in category 4 lesions for all mammographic lesion types and all interpreting radiologists. CONCLUSION The standardized terminology of the BI-RADS lexicon allows quantification of the likelihood of carcinoma in an impalpable breast lesion. The features with highest positive predictive value--spiculated margins, irregular shape, linear morphology, and segmental or linear distribution--warrant designation of a lesion as category 5.
Supermarkets and Michoacan Guava Farmers in Mexico

This paper analyzes the participation of small farmers in the fresh fruit and vegetable supply systems of supermarkets in Mexico, using the case of small-scale guava farmers in the state of Michoacan. Three findings emerge. (1) The most important determinant of access of these farmers to more modern markets is their territorial (spatial) context and the way in which those territories interact with different markets, followed by fixed capital assets. Farm size, education and participation in organizations are not significant determinants. (2) Farmers working in the more modern markets compared to those in the traditional markets, are labor-constrained and overuse chemical inputs to a lesser extent. (3) Farmers that have accessed the more modern market channels, have substantially higher net income per hectare. Policies and projects aimed at promoting the inclusion in more modern markets of small-scale farmers such as those producing guava in Michoacan, must act on the territorial dimension of the problem of inclusion/exclusion, and not restrict themselves to actions aimed at improving the supply chains or the capacities of the households or their farms and organizations.
Type C Botulism in Dairy Cattle from Feed Contaminated with a Dead Cat

Four hundred twenty-seven of 441 adult Holstein dairy cattle from a 1,200-cow dairy died over a 1-week period during early spring 1998. Affected animals were from 4 late lactation pens, one of which included the bull string. Signs included weakness, recumbency, watery diarrhea, and death. Eighty animals from the 4 pens were dead approximately 8 hours after the first ill cows were noted. Affected cows would collapse on stimulation and extend all 4 limbs with moderate rigidity. Several lacked lingual tonus and had abdominal breathing patterns. The animals had been fed a load of total mixed ration that included a rotten bale of oat hay containing a dead cat. No common toxicants were identified, and pathologic examination revealed no consistent lesions. Testing of tissue from the cat carcass found in the feed sample using mouse protection bioassay identified the presence of type C botulinum toxin. Samples of feed, tissue from affected animals, cat tissue from feed, milk, and serum were also tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for type C botulinum. Two samples of rumen contents were tested and found to be positive for botulism by ELISA, and 1 of 3 liver samples had a weak positive finding. No botulinum toxin was found in milk or sera using the ELISA.
Evidence‐based urology in practice: likelihood ratios

You are a general urologist seeing a 48-yearold man with acute onset of severe right flank pain associated with nausea but no emesis; the patient reports no fevers. He otherwise has no significant comorbidities, has no known allergies, and takes no medications. On examination he is afebrile with otherwise normal vital signs, and reports increased pain when you apply pressure to his right costovertebral angle, but his abdomen is otherwise benign. His serum creatinine level is 0.9 mg/dL, and his white blood cell count is 10.5. Suspecting urinary lithiasis as the source of his symptoms, you recommend CT of his abdomen and pelvis. However, he is very concerned about the amount of radiation exposure from CT, and asks if there is another test that could be used which would involve less radiation.
Analysis of the Short-Term Response in the Drain Current of a-IGZO TFT to Light Pulses

In this letter, the response in the drain current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_\text{D})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide thin-film transistors under positive-bias illumination stress is measured with respect to time in less than 5 s under light pulses with altering frequencies and duty ratios. The curves of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_\text{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> under the light pulses are affected by the different defect-reacting rates under illumination and in the dark. By taking the derivative of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_\text{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the trend of the change in the number of defects becomes clear. The total behavior of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_\text{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in response to light pulses can be fairly predicted by the integral of the derivative terms with a correction factor of charge trapping.
Hey1, a Mediator of Notch Signaling, Is an Androgen Receptor Corepressor

ABSTRACT Hey1 is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix-Orange family of transcriptional repressors that mediate Notch signaling. Here we show that transcription from androgen-dependent target genes is inhibited by Hey1 and that expression of a constitutively active form of Notch is capable of repressing transactivation by the endogenous androgen receptor (AR). Our results indicate that Hey1 functions as a corepressor for AF1 in the AR, providing a mechanism for cross talk between Notch and androgen-signaling pathways. Hey1 colocalizes with AR in the epithelia of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, where it is found in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. In marked contrast, we demonstrate that Hey1 is excluded from the nucleus in most human prostate cancers, raising the possibility that an abnormal Hey1 subcellular distribution may have a role in the aberrant hormonal responses observed in prostate cancer.
Heel‐Skin Microvascular Blood Perfusion Responses to Sustained Pressure Loading and Unloading

Objective: Sustained heel pressure during surgery and during acute and longterm care residence can cause heel blood flow deprivation sufficient to cause pressure ulcers. Because little is known about the amount and distribution of heel blood perfusion changes under these conditions, the aim of this study was to characterize the main features of these changes.
Student experiences on taking electronic exams at the University of Helsinki

: Various forms of electronic exams have been provided at the University of Helsinki for years, but all in small scale; the mainstream is still to take a lecture hall exam written with pen on paper. Two pilot projects – the online exam pilot at the faculty of social sciences and the electronic examining project – provide electronic exam opportunities for teachers and students. This case study is based on student experiences on electronic examining in the pilot projects, collected by electronic questionnaires. The results indicate that online and electronic exam room exams may lower stress related to examining, promote deep learning, provide flexibility in studies as part of busy life and thus promote to shorter graduation times and increase the quality of learning.
R ACBAR : The Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver

We describe the Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (Acbar); a multifrequency millimeter-wave receiver designed for observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect in clusters of galaxies. The Acbar focal plane consists of a 16-pixel, background-limited, 240 mK bolometer array that can be configured to observe simultaneously at 150, 220, 280, and 350 GHz. With 4 − 5 FWHM beams and a 3 azimuth chop, Acbar is sensitive to a wide range of angular scales. Acbar was installed on the 2 m Viper telescope at the South Pole in January 2001. We describe the design of the instrument and its performance during the 2001 and 2002 observing seasons. Subject headings: cosmic microwave background – instrumentation, observations Department of Physics, Math, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 Current address: Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, LASR-132, Chicago, IL 60637: mcrunyan@grizelda.uchicago. edu Department of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, CF24 3YB Wales, UK European Space Agency, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125 Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Department of Astronomy, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Cross-borehole resistivity tomography of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice

Abstract As an inhomogeneous mixture of pure ice, brine, air and solid salts the physical properties of sea ice depend on its highly temperature-dependent microstructure. Understanding the microstructure and the way it responds to variations in temperature and salinity is crucial in developing an improved understanding of the interaction between sea ice and the environment. However, measurements monitoring the internal structure of sea ice are difficult to obtain without disturbing its natural state. We have recently developed an application of cross-borehole d.c. resistivity tomography to make in situ measurements that resolve the anisotropic resistivity structure of first-year sea ice. We present results from measurements made in 2008 off Barrow, Alaska, and in 2009 off Ross Island, Antarctica. the sea ice in these two regions forms in different environments: at Barrow, relatively quiescent conditions typically lead to a predominance of columnar ice, while more turbulent conditions and underwater ice formation in McMurdo Sound tend to produce a larger component of frazil or platelet ice. Interpretation of the resistivity measurements carried out in association with temperature and salinity data collected simultaneously allows both observation of the temporal evolution of the ice structure and, in the case of the Antarctic measurements, the identification of different ice types.
Reduction in purchases of sugar-sweetened beverages among low-income Black adolescents after exposure to caloric information.

OBJECTIVES We examined the effect of an intervention to provide caloric information about sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) on the number of SSB purchases. METHODS We used a case-crossover design with 4 corner stores located in low-income, predominately Black neighborhoods in Baltimore, Maryland. The intervention randomly posted 1 of 3 signs with the following caloric information: (1) absolute caloric count, (2) percentage of total recommended daily intake, and (3) physical activity equivalent. We collected data for 1600 beverage sales by Black adolescents, aged 12-18 years, including 400 during a baseline period and 400 for each of the 3 caloric condition interventions. RESULTS Providing Black adolescents with any caloric information significantly reduced the odds of SSB purchases relative to the baseline (odds ratio [OR] = 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36, 0.89). When examining the 3 caloric conditions separately, the significant effect was observed when caloric information was provided as a physical activity equivalent (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.85). CONCLUSIONS Providing easily understandable caloric information--particularly a physical activity equivalent--may reduce calorie intake from SSBs among low-income, Black adolescents.
INDUCTION OF T LYMPHOCYTES FROM PRECURSOR CELLS IN VITRO BY A PRODUCT OF THE THYMUS

A product of mouse thymus induces cells found in the spleen and bone marrow of nu/nu mice (which lack a thymus), and in 14-day embryonic mouse liver, to differentiate in vitro into T lymphocytes (defined as cells bearing TL and Thy-1 antigens). Thus the in vitro T lymphocyte induction mechanism acts on a cell that is antecedent to any thymus-mediated process.