Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carcass and non-carcass characteristics of sheep fed with aa seed meal-based diet

The byproducts of agricultural processes have great potential as a source of low cost animal feed. In this paper we assess the potential of acai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed as a food source for sheep. Sixteen non-castrated male sheep with average initial body weight of 22 kg were randomly assigned to one of four diet treatments, using initial body weight as a covariate. The diets consisted of coastcross hay and a variable proportion of acai seed meal (0, 5, 10 and 15% - DM basis) added to feed concentrate at a ratio 60:40 (roughage:concentrate). The animals were slaughtered at the end of the experiment to measure carcass and commercial cuts dressing of each animal. No treatment effect on carcass, commercial cuts and non-carcass components dressing was detected, but significant effect on daily weight gain and shoulder dressing was observed. Acai seed meal added to the diet up to 15% in replacement with forage during dry seasons does not seem to compromise carcass and non-carcass components and is therefore a potentially valuable and low cost component of sheep feed. Key words: By-product, organs, performance, sheep, viscera.
Faster and Further Morphosyntactic Development of CLIL vs. EFL Basque-Spanish Bilinguals Learning English in High-School

A general advantage in proficiency has been repeatedly reported for learners receiving Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) when compared to learners who only receive English lessons. However, fine-grained studies addressing the aspects which make up this general advantage are still scarce. Within this context, this paper concentrates on the morphosyntactic development of two groups of (Basque-Spanish) adolescents learning English in high-school over a two-year period. One group (n= 15) received CLIL instruction and English classes while the other group (n=11) only received English classes. The results indicate a clear advantage for the CLIL group, which seems to be at a further developmental stage. Nonetheless, both groups improve over the two years and, unlike previous claims in schools, no signs of fossilization are found although inaccuracies in inflection still exist. In light of these results, the value of increasing exposure in the form of CLIL lessons in high-school is discussed.
THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-EFFICACY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIANTS OF SELF-BLAME AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v CHAPTER ONE: LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction . 1 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder . 2 Sexual Assault . 4 Self-Blame . 8 Self-Efficacy . 14 The Present Study . 16 Hypotheses . 17 CHAPTER TWO: METHOD Participants and Procedures . 19 Measures . 20 Demographic Questionnaire . 20 Life Events Checklist . 20 Measure of Self-Blaming Attributions . 21 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist . 22 Self-Efficacy: The New General Self-Efficacy Scale . 22 Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale . 23 Proposed Analyses . 23 CHAPTER THREE: RESULTS Associations Between Variables . 24
Effect of Inorganic Phosphate and Low pH on the Force-Velocity Relationof Single Skinned Skeletal Muscle Fibers Studied by Applying ParabolicFiber Length Changes

Although force-velocity (P-V) relation is important to obtain insights into kinetics of actin-myosin interaction in muscle, determination of P-V relation in skinned muscle fibers are difficult mainly due to gradual deterioration at the two cut fiber ends, which makes it impossible to obtain enough data points to construct P-V curve over the whole range of forces. In addition, determination of the maximum shortening velocity Vmax by back extrapolation of limited data points to velocity axis is ambiguous because of the steep force versus velocity relation. To overcome these difficulties, we developed a novel method to obtain continuous P-V curves over the whole range of forces from 0 to the maximum isometric force Po, by applying length changes, with time course L=-kt2, to Ca2+-activated skinned fibers, so that time derivative of length change, i.e. shortening velocity V=-dL/dt=-2kt; namely, V increased linearly with time t. By recording the resulting chane in force P, we could obtain continuous P-V curve in one shot. Using the above method, we examined effect of high inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration and low pH (6.5) on P-V relation of skinned rabbit psoas muscle fibers at 20°C and at 5°C with the following results: (1) The P-V curves obtained exhibited a distinct hump at high force region >0.5-0.6Po. The P-V curves, deviated from rectangular hyperbola with forces > ~0.2Po, did not change their shape appreciably by Pi and low pH. ; (2) Pi (30 mM) reduced Po by ~30% at 20°C and ~45% at 5°C; (3) Low pH (6.5) showed no significant effect on Vmax at both 20 and 5°C; and (4) Pi (30 mM) at low pH (6.5) reduced Po by ~43% at 20°C and ~45% at 5°C. These results are discussed in relation of other published results.
Fermentation and degradation in the rumen of dairy cows fed on diets consisting of silage from an intensively managed sward and silages from semi-natural grasslands

To assess the effect of grassland management on the ruminal digestion of silages, four lactating dairy cows, fitted with a rumen cannula, were fed diets consisting of concentrates and different grass silages. The grass silages consisted of intensively managed grass (IM) in variable proportions replaced by silages harvested from a ‘species-poor’ grassland managed to stimulate nesting of birds (SPP) or from a grassland managed to increase plant species diversity (SPR). The roughage part of the diets was composed completely of IM (100IM), or 200 g/kg (in dry matter) of IM replaced by SPP (20SPP) or 600 g/kg of IM replaced by SPP (60SPP), or SPR (60SPR). The pH in the rumen was highest on 60SPR and lowest on 100IM and 20SPP (P<0·05), whereas volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations were lowest on 60SPP and 60SPR and highest on 100IM (P<0·05). No differences in the ratio non-glucogenic: glucogenic volatile fatty acids were observed among the diets. The NH3 concentration was highest on 100IM and 20SPP and lowest on 60SPR (P<0·05), reflecting differences in CP intake. The concentration of uric acid in the urine (mg per kg metabolic body weight) was highest on 100IM (P<0·05). Rumen pool size of OM and DM did not differ among treatments, but pool size of NDF and IADF were highest on 60SPR (P<0·05). Passage rate was high on 100IM and 60SPR, but no significant differences with the other treatments were established. Also, no significant differences were observed in rates of degradation. Clearance rate of large particles was highest on 60SPP and differed significantly from 60SPR (P<0·05) only. No differences were observed in clearance rate of small particles. In conclusion, for most rumen fermentation characteristics measured in the study, no noticeably aberrant behaviour of the silages from semi-natural grassland was observed.
Experimental results and modelling of humidity control strategies for greenhouses in continental and coastal settings in the Mediterranean region. II: Modelling of strategies.

Strategies for humidity control —with and without heating— were evaluated via simulations performed with a previously developed model (see accompanying paper, this issue, part I). With heating, the best strategy combined the use of a humidity setpoint with step control of the roof window, increasing the ventilation in line with the outside temperature. Without heating, the best strategy again combined the use of a humidity setpoint with step control of the roof window, but required ventilation to be increased in line with the inside air temperature
On conjugations of circle homeomorphisms with two break points

Abstract Let fi∈C2+α(S1∖{ai,bi}), α>0,i=1,2, be circle homeomorphisms with two break points ai,bi, that is, discontinuities in the derivative Dfi, with identical irrational rotation number ρ and μ1([a1,b1])=μ2([a2,b2]), where μi are the invariant measures of fi,i=1,2. Suppose that the products of the jump ratios of Df1 and Df2do not coincide, that is, Df1 (a1 −0)/Df1 (a1 +0)⋅Df1 (b1 −0)/Df1 (b1 +0)≠Df2(a2−0)/Df2(a2+0)⋅Df2(b2−0)/Df2(b2+0) . Then the map ψ conjugating f1 and f2 is a singular function, that is, it is continuous on S1, but Dψ(x)=0 almost everywhere with respect to Lebesgue measure.
The Semiotic Structure and Semantic Composition of English Frozen Similes

In traditional rhetoric, similes form an independent category of tropes. And English frozen similes are frequently treated as a subset of idioms. This article explores English frozen similes on the basis of all the similes (221 altogether) in Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms (1998). Addressed in terms of the semiotic topic-vehicle approach are the semiotic structure of English frozen similes and their semantic compositionality. Two conclusions are drawn from this study. First, the iconic structure of English frozen similes generally involves attribution of feature(s) from the semiotic vehicle to the theme. One interesting finding in this regard is that more than half of English frozen similes attribute nonhuman features to human beings, whereas personifying similes are few and far between. Second, English frozen similes, by virtue of the interaction between the semiotic theme and vehicle, show a high degree of semantic compositionality, and their linguistic constituents display a low degree of fixedness. Thus it is questionable to subsume English frozen similes within the general category of idioms.
Origin of North American Elymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) Allotetraploids Based on Granule-bound Starch Synthase Gene Sequences

Abstract The current circumscription of Elymus based on cytogenetic analyses includes all allopolyploid Triticeae species containing the St (Pseudoroegneria) genome. In North American Elymus, the St genome is combined with H (from Hordeum) in an allotetraploid (StStHH) configuration. The goal of this study is to determine whether molecular phylogenetic analyses support existing cytogenetic data with regard to the evolutionary origin of North American Elymus. Analyses were performed using sequences from the nuclear starch synthase gene, and include multiple species of Elymus, Pseudoroegneria, and Hordeum, along with representatives of most of the other monogenomic genera in the Triticeae. The results support the hypothesis that Pseudoroegneria and Hordeum are the genome donors to the North American Elymus tetraploids. One species currently placed in Elymus (an octoploid, Elymus californicus) appears to be unrelated to the rest. The close relationships among Elymus H-genome sequences, with one exception, are consistent with a single origin of the group. The St-genome group consists of two well-defined clades, but support for the monophyly of the entire St group is weak. There are shortcomings associated with the current dependence on genome pairing data for grouping and ranking in the Triticeae, but molecular phylogenetic data suggest that, in many cases, groups delimited by cytogenetic data do in fact correspond to evolutionary lineages. Communicating Editor: John V. Freudenstein
The 'Shadow of Succession' in Family Firms

The paper analyses the relationship between succession and firm performance. Using a unique panel data set on a sample of roughly 4,000 Austrian family firms we examine empirically the impact of past succession as well as future succession plans on employment growth and investment behaviour. Analysing succession plans, we do not find a 'shadow of succession' effect. No significant difference in employment growth and investment behaviour is found between firms that plan to transfer the firm in the next ten years and those who do not. In contrast, past succession exerts a significant and positive employment growth effect which becomes stronger over time. The impact of past succession on investments is also positive but not significantly different from zero. Thus, our findings provide support for the existence of a positive employment shadow after a transfer, whereas the shadow of succession hypothesis has to be rejected prior to transition. (author's abstract)
Modelling Turbulent Heat Transfer in a Natural Convection Flow

In this paper a numerical study of a turbulent, natural convection problem is performed with a compressible Large-Eddy simulation. In a natural convection the fluid is accelerated by local density differences and a resulting pressure gradient. Directly at the heated walls the temperature distribution is determinate by increasing temperature gradients. In the centre region convective mass exchange is dominant. Density changes due to temperature differences are considered in the numerical model by a compressible coupled model. The obtained numerical results of this study are compared to an analogue experimental setup. The fluid properties profiles, e.g. temperature and velocity, show an asymmetry which is caused by the non-Boussinesq effects of the fluid. The investigated Rayleigh number of this study lies at Ra = 1.58 × 109.
A comparative study to assess the safety and efficacy of etoricoxib versus aceclofenac in osteoarthritis

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is most common form of arthritis; also referred as degenerative joint disease or “wear and tear” arthritis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are effective for pain and inflammation in OA and gained importance over conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), as causes significantly less toxicity, particularly, in gastrointestinal tract. The objective of the present research was to study the short-term comparative clinical efficacy of aceclofenac and etoricoxib in patients with osteoarthritis and to compare the safety profile of the two drugs i.e. aceclofenac and etoricoxib.Methods: The present study was a prospective, open label, parallel, intention to treat 80 patients out of 102 screened for osteoarthritis in the Department of Orthopaedics, Guru Nanak Dev Hospital attached to the Government Medical College, Amritsar. Patients were randomly divided in two groups with 40 patients each. Group A patients received Tab etoricoxib 60mg once daily and Group B patients received Tab. Aceclofenac 100mg twice daily. Patients were followed up after three weeks and at six weeks for clinical efficacy and safety.Results: Both the groups found to have significant improvement in signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis. However, aceclofenac was superior to etoricoxib in terms of change in visual analogue scale score, osteoarthritic severity index, patients’ and physicians’ global assessment while, etoricoxib was superior in terms of WOMAC osteoarthritic index and safety parameters in terms of ADR.Conclusions: Etoricoxib was better than conventional NSAIDs for the symptomatic management of osteoarthritis in terms of safety profile and clinical efficacy.
When do breakpoints give mutual fund investors a break

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe data assembled on all registered US investment companies on advisory fees using the NSAR filings and to analyze the impact of the structure of the advisory contracts on the fees paid to mutual funds advisors. This analysis is particularly relevant now that mutual funds have to explain the rationale for the choice of the advisory fees in their public filings. Design/methodology/approach – The paper summarizes data on advisory fees in the NSAR filings and uses regression analysis to examine the determinants of advisory fees. Findings – The paper summarizes salient features of the mutual fund advisory fee contracts using the NSAR database. The analysis shows that breakpoint fee schedules designed to generate savings, do not automatically translate into lower expenses for the investors. Practical implications – When determining the renewal of an advisory contract, the board of trustees of a mutual fund will then need to assess myriad factors related to the costs and profits of the fund, including the nature of the fee schedule. Regression models provide objective measures of assessing the reasonableness of advisory fees. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the evaluation of mutual funds advisory fees and highlights the usefulness of the NSAR filings. The debate is especially relevant given the additional SEC disclosure requirements.
Biogeochemical contrast between different latitudes and the effect of human activity on spatio-temporal carbon cycle change in Asian river systems

Abstract. Recent research has shown inland water may play some role in carbon cycling, although the extent of its contribution has remained uncertain due to limited amount of reliable data available. In this study, the author applied an advanced model coupling eco-hydrology and biogeochemical cycle (NICE-BGC) to regional-continental scales, which incorporates complex coupling of hydrologic-carbon cycle and interplay between inorganic and organic carbon. The author evaluates latitudinal effect and human impact on hydrologic and carbon cycles between boreal Ob River, temperate Yangtze River, and subtropical Mekong River basins in Asia by using different resolutions of river network data. The model simulated more heterogenous distributions of water and carbon flux in the finer river network data in these regions, and helped to identify some hot spots on a regional scale. Then, the model was extended to continental scale at 1° × 1° resolution with a time step of Δt = 1 day to evaluate seasonal and diurnal variations in carbon flux parameters. The model result showed there is a seasonal variability of horizontal transport and vertical fluxes among boreal, temperate, and tropical regions and among each continent, which reflects seasonal variations of biologic and hydrologic processes there. The result showed CO2 evasion increases and sediment storage decreases in nighttime, particularly clearly seen temporarily in summer in Yangtze River, which implied some hot spots and hot moments in the day-night difference of vertical fluxes in regional scale. These results emphasize the important role of Asian river systems on global carbon cycle, and the further need to improve the resolution of simulation, to implement carbon observation network, and to apply satellite data in the higher-resolution.
Evaluation of Germination Capacity of Stored Pollen of Almond and Peach

Pollen viability and its germination capability for fruit set in are almond and peach essential. To optimize the pollen culture medium of almond and peach and selection of best medium, the present study was carried out with 48 different culture media containing different compositions including diverse levels of boric acid (0 and 100mg/1), calcium nitrate (0,150and300mg/l،), magnesium sulphate (0 and200mg/l), potassium nitrate (0 and100 mg/l), sucrose (10 and15 %) and agar (1 %). Following optimization of the best medium, in order to determine the viability of stored pollens of almond and peach cultivars, three months after maintenance at 4°C,-20°C and -80°C was assessed through evaluation of their germination percentage using optimized medium. Maximum pollen germination (99.80 %) was recorded in B2M2K1C2S medium (boric acid 100 mg/l, magnesium sulphate 100 mg/l, potassium nitrate 0.0 mg/l, calcium nitrate 0.0 mg/l, sucrose 15 % and agar 1%). Lowest germination percentage (30.57 %) was found in B1K1M2C3S1 medium (boric acid 0.0 mg/l, potassium nitrate 0.0 mg/l, magnesium sulphate 100 mg/l, calcium nitrate 150 mg/l, sucrose 10 % and agar 1 %). Data recorded for pollen germination of stored pollen showed that Rabie Pollen stored at -80°C gave highest germination (90.66 %) while the lowest germination (64.00 %) was observed in Anjiri pollen stored at +4°C. The findings of the present study may help the fruit breeders and whoever is involved in pollen analysis studies.
CO 2 column-averaged volume mixing ratio derived over Tsukuba from measurements by commercial airlines

Abstract. Column-averaged volume mixing ratios of carbon dioxide (XCO2) during the period from January 2007 to May 2008 over Tsukuba, Japan, were derived using CO2 concentrations measured by Continuous CO2 Measuring Equipment (CME). The CMEs were installed on Japan Airlines Corporation (JAL) commercial airliners, which frequently fly to and from Narita Airport. It was assumed that CO2 profiles over Tsukuba and Narita are the same. CO2 profile data for 493 flights on clear-sky days were analyzed in order to calculate XCO2 with one of two ancillary datasets: "Tsukuba observational" data (rawinsonde and meteorological tower), or "global" forecast/reanalysis and climatological data (NCEP and CIRA-86). The amplitude of the seasonal variation of XCO2 using the ancillary data measured in Tsukuba (XCO2 (Tsukuba observational)) was determined by a least squares fit using a harmonic function to roughly evaluate the seasonal variation over Tsukuba. The highest and lowest values of the obtained fitted curve in 2007 for XCO2 (Tsukuba observational) were 386.4 ± 1.0 and 381.7 ± 1.0 ppm in May and September, respectively, where the errors represent 1 standard deviation of the fit residuals. The dependence of XCO2 on the type of ancillary dataset was evaluated. The average difference between XCO2 from global climatological data, XCO2 (global), and XCO2 (Tsukuba observational), i.e., the bias of XCO2 (global) based on XCO2 (Tsukuba observational), was found to be −0.621 ppm with a standard deviation of 0.682 ppm. The uncertainty of XCO2 (global) based on XCO2 (Tsukuba observational) was estimated to be 0.922 ppm. This small uncertainty relative to the GOSAT precision suggests that calculating XCO2 using data from airliners and global climatological data can be applied to the validation of GOSAT products for XCO2 over airports worldwide.
Late-Winter Habitat Use by Mule Deer, Odocoileus hemionus , in Central Interior British Columbia

In central interior British Columbia, extensive cut blocks to recover timber killed by the Mountain Pine Beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae ) could impact negatively on Mule Deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ) late-winter habitat. This study assessed the possibility of predicting the distribution of potential late-winter habitat for Mule Deer with the BC Vegetation Resources Inventory (VRI) dataset used to produce forestry maps. On the basis of literature review and roadside inventories in December 2004, I predicted that high-quality Mule Deer late-winter habitat would correspond to mature and old conifer-dominated stands with ≤ 20% deciduous species, a canopy closure ≥ 45%, tree heights ≥ 23 m, tree diameter at breast height ≥ 24 cm, and basal area ≥ 45 m 2 /ha, and would be located on < 60% slopes on south, southeast, southwest or west aspects, or on flat ground. I allocated weight values to these criteria to classify map polygons into high-, medium- and low-quality polygons, and produce predictive maps of late-winter habitat use by Mule Deer. I tested my predictive habitat rating by snowtracking along 18 km of transects in February-March 2006, and 15.6 km of transects in February 2007. I recorded 31 and 12 Mule Deer tracks in 2006 and 2007, respectively, all in high-quality polygons. The observed frequency of tracks per polygon type was significantly ( P < 0.001) different from expected. All tracks were in mature and old conifer-dominated stands including 10-60% Lodgepole Pine ( Pinus contorta ) and 10-20% Trembling Aspen ( Populus tremuloides ). This study showed that it was possible to predict the distribution of potential late-winter habitat for Mule Deer using a series of habitat criteria and the VRI dataset. The extensive harvesting of Lodgepole Pine in mixed coniferous stands will undoubtedly have a negative impact on Mule Deer late-winter habitat quality and quantity. The rating of habitat types developed in this study should be used in forest management plans to determine sites that should be protected from logging.