Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
5G Cellular User Equipment: From Theory to Practical Hardware Design

Research and development on the next generation wireless systems, namely 5G, has experienced explosive growth in recent years. In the physical layer, the massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technique and the use of high GHz frequency bands are two promising trends for adoption. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands, such as 28, 38, 64, and 71 GHz, which were previously considered not suitable for commercial cellular networks, will play an important role in 5G. Currently, most 5G research deals with the algorithms and implementations of modulation and coding schemes, new spatial signal processing technologies, new spectrum opportunities, channel modeling, 5G proof of concept systems, and other system-level enabling technologies. In this paper, we first investigate the contemporary wireless user equipment (UE) hardware design, and unveil the critical 5G UE hardware design constraints on circuits and systems. On top of the said investigation and design tradeoff analysis, a new, highly reconfigurable system architecture for 5G cellular user equipment, namely distributed phased arrays based MIMO (DPA-MIMO) is proposed. Finally, the link budget calculation and data throughput numerical results are presented for the evaluation of the proposed architecture.
FASTTRACK : The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study

Aims Many patients who receive a diagnosis of heart failure have neither a low left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction nor valve disease. Few substantial randomized controlled trials have been conducted in this population, none has focussed on patients with evidence of diastolic dysfunction and none has shown clear benefit on symptoms, morbidity, or mortality. Methods and results This was a randomized double-blind trial, comparing placebo with perindopril, 4 mg/ day in patients aged ≥ 70 years with a diagnosis of heartfailure,treated with diuretics and an echocardiogram suggesting diastolic dysfunction and excluding substantial LV systolic dysfunction or valve disease. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and unplanned heart failure related hospitalization with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. A total of 850 patients were randomized. Their mean age was 76 (SD 5) years and 55% were women. Median follow-up was 2.1 (IQR 1.5-2.8) years. Enrolment and event rates were lower than anticipated, reducing the power of the study to show a difference in the primary endpoint to 35%. Many patients withdrew from perindopril (28%) and placebo (26%) after 1 year and started taking open-label ACE-inhibitors. Overall, 107 patients assigned to placebo and 100 assigned to perindopril reached the primary endpoint (HR 0.919: 95% Cl 0.700-1.208; P= 0.545). By 1 year, reductions in the primary outcome (HR 0.692: 95% Cl 0.474-1.010; P= 0.055) and hospitalization for heart failure (HR 0.628: 95% CI 0.408-0.966; P=0.033) were observed and functional class (P < 0.030) and 6-min corridor walk distance (P = 0.011) had improved in those assigned to perindopril. Conclusion Uncertainty remains about the effects of perindopril on long-term morbidity and mortality in this clinical setting since this study had insufficient power for its primary endpoint. However, improved symptoms and exercise capacity and fewer hospitalizations for heart failure in the first year were observed on perindopril, during which most patients were on assigned therapy, suggesting that it may be of benefit in this patient population.
DaC-RAN: A data-assisted cloud radio access network for visual communications

The emergence of visual big data is a doubleedged sword to mobile communications. On one hand, the massive scale of visual data transmission brings a huge challenge to the RAN. On the other, the abundant information in visual big data may improve the spectrum efficiency and robustness of visual communications. In this article, we propose a DaC-RAN architecture for visual communications, which integrates the ideas of SDN and C-RAN. We propose to separate the control and data planes in the conventional infrastructure, and integrate a new data plane specifically designed for visual communications into the virtual base station. We demonstrate the proposed DaC-RAN architecture through a practical visual communication system based on pseudo-analog transmission and CSbased data sampling and reconstruction. The correlation information retrieved from visual big data is utilized as prior knowledge in CS decoding. Preliminary simulation evaluations show that significant gain is achieved in spectrum efficiency over the conventional method.
PNU-120596, a positive allosteric modulator of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, reverses a sub-chronic phencyclidine-induced cognitive deficit in the attentional set-shifting task in female rats

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been highlighted as a target for cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia. Adult female hooded Lister rats received sub-chronic phencyclidine (PCP) (2 mg/kg) or vehicle i.p. twice daily for 7 days, followed by 7 days’ washout. PCP-treated rats then received PNU-120596 (10 mg/kg; s.c.) or saline and were tested in the attentional set-shifting task. Sub-chronic PCP produced a significant cognitive deficit in the extra-dimensional shift (EDS) phase of the task (p < 0.001, compared with vehicle). PNU-120596 significantly improved performance of PCP-treated rats in the EDS phase of the attentional set-shifting task (p < 0.001). In conclusion, these data demonstrate that PNU-120596 improves cognitive dysfunction in our animal model of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, most likely via modulation of α7 nACh receptors.
MmWave massive-MIMO-based wireless backhaul for the 5G ultra-dense network

The ultra-dense network (UDN) has been considered as a promising candidate for future 5G networks to meet the explosive data demand. To realize UDN, a reliable, gigahertz bandwidth, and cost-effective backhaul connecting ultradense small-cell BSs and macrocell BS are prerequisite. Millimeter-wave can provide the potential gigabit-per-second traffic for wireless backhaul. Moreover, mmWave can easily be integrated with massive MIMO for improved link reliability. In this article, we discuss the feasibility of mmWave massive-MIMO-based wireless backhaul for 5G UDN, and the benefits and challenges are also addressed. In particular, we propose a digitally controlled phase shifter network (DPSN)-based hybrid precoding/combining scheme for mmWave massive MIMO, whereby the low-rank property of the mmWave massive MIMO channel matrix is leveraged to reduce the required cost and complexity of a transceiver with a negligible performance loss. One key feature of the proposed scheme is that the macrocell BS can simultaneously support multiple small-cell BSs with multiple streams for each small-cell BS, which is essentially different from conventional hybrid precoding/combining schemes, typically limited to single-user MIMO with multiple streams or multi-user MIMO with single stream for each user. Based on the proposed scheme, we further explore the fundamental issues of developing mmWave massive MIMO for wireless backhaul, and the associated challenges, insight, and prospects to enable mmWave massive-MIMO-based wireless backhaul for 5G UDN are discussed.
Morphine alters the locomotor responses to a D2/D3 dopamine receptor agonist differentially in adolescent and adult mice

The D2-like dopamine receptors mediate the emotional/aversive state during morphine withdrawal. Given age-dependent differences in the affective responses to withdrawal, this study examined whether the response to dopamine receptor agonists is altered differentially across ages following morphine administration. Adolescent and adult mice were injected with morphine (twice daily, 10–40 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline for 6 days. Subsequently, they were examined for their locomotor response to quinpirole, a D2/D3 receptor agonist, and SKF 38393, a D1 receptor agonist. Quinpirole dose-dependently reduced locomotion in drug-naïve animals. Initial suppression was also observed in morphine-treated animals, but was followed by enhanced locomotion. Notably, this enhanced locomotion was markedly greater in adolescents than adults. Quinpirole-induced hypo-locomotion is thought to be mediated by the presynaptic D2Short receptors, whereas its activating effect is mediated by postsynaptic D2Long/D3 receptors. This suggests that following morphine administration, the postsynaptic, but not the presynaptic, dopaminergic signaling is differentially modulated across ages. This locomotor supersensitivity was not observed for SKF 38393, a D1 dopamine receptor agonist. The D2/D3 receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of many mental illnesses. Thus, this study offers a potential explanation for the increased psychiatric disorder co-morbidities when drug use begins during adolescence.
Approaches to improve patient safety in healthcare organizations

90 대한의사협회지 1999년 미국의 의학한림원(Institute of Medicine)이 ‘사 람은 누구나 잘못 할 수 있다’라는 제목의 보고서를 발간한 이후[1], 전 세계적으로 환자안전의 현황을 파악하고 개선 하려는 노력이 계속되고 있다. 우리나라에서 환자안전의 현 황에 대한 대규모 조사가 수행된 바는 없으나, 일부 병원을 대상으로 수행된 연구에서 유해사례(adverse event)의 발생 확률은 8.3%와 7.2%로 나타났다[2,3]. 이는 외국에서 이루 어진 기존 연구결과들을 종합한 체계적 문헌고찰의 결과와 비슷한 수준이다[4]. 우리나라 병원의 환자안전 수준이 외 국과 비슷하다는 전제 하에 체계적 문헌고찰에 나타난 유해 사례 발생 확률, 유해사례 중 사망 확률과 예방가능성의 중 앙값(1/4분위수, 3/4분위수)인 9.2%(4.6, 12.4), 7.4%(4.7, 14.2)와 43.5%(39.4, 49.6)를 2013년 건강보험통계연보의 입원 건수(6,420,118건)에 적용하면, 입원환자 중 예방할 수 있는 유해사례로 인한 사망자수가 연간 19,013명(5,469, 56,070)에 이를 것으로 추정된다. 낮은 추정치를 보더라도 2013년 사망원인 통계연보 상의 연간 운수사고 사망자수 (6,024명)에 가까운 수준으로, 환자안전이 국민건강에 매우 중요한 문제임을 알 수 있다. 이러한 위험성은 의료인 개개인의 부주의 또는 과실을 뜻 하는 것이라기 보다는 의료를 제공하는 환경 자체의 속성에 기인하는 바가 큰 것으로 알려져 있다. 일반적으로 업무 프 로세스의 투입요소가 가변적인 경우, 프로세스가 복잡하거 나 일관성이 없는 경우, 프로세스의 단계들이 강하게 결합 되어있는 경우, 프로세스에 사람이 개입되어 있는 경우, 시 간 제한이 있는 경우, 조직문화가 수직적인 경우 등이 문제 발생 가능성을 증가시키는 고위험 프로세스로 알려져 있다 [5]. 환자를 진료하는 병원 환경이 이와 같은 특성을 많이 가 지고 있다. 병원 내에서 발생하는 유해사례의 약 반 정도가 오류와 관련이 있어, 예방할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다[4]. 환자안전에는 환자, 업무 및 기술, 의료진 개인, 팀, 작업환 경, 조직 및 경영, 제도적 요인 등이 영향을 미친다[6]. 따라 서 환자를 더 안전하게 진료하기 위해서는 정책적 및 제도적 측면의 지원, 의료제공자의 노력과 환자의 참여가 필요하다. 의료기관에서 환자안전을 효과적으로 개선하기 위해서는 개 인을 비난하거나 문책하기 보다는 프로세스나 시스템의 변 화(예: 투입요소의 안정화, 업무의 단순화 및 표준화, 프로세 스 내 업무 단계의 결합 완화, 자동화 및 전산화, 수평적 조 직문화의 형성 등)에 초점을 맞추어야 한다[7]. 이번 특집에 서는 지면의 제한으로 인하여 환자안전을 개선할 수 있는 방 법 중 의료기관평가인증기준[8]에서 강조하고 있는 정확한 환자안전 개선 활동의 접근법
IEEE 802.11ax: Challenges and Requirements for Future High Efficiency WiFi

The popularity of IEEE 802.11 based wireless local area networks (WLANs) has increased significantly in recent years because of their ability to provide increased mobility, flexibility, and ease of use, with reduced cost of installation and maintenance. This has resulted in massive WLAN deployment in geographically limited environments that encompass multiple overlapping basic service sets (OBSSs). In this article, we introduce IEEE 802.11ax, a new standard being developed by the IEEE 802.11 Working Group, which will enable efficient usage of spectrum along with an enhanced user experience. We expose advanced technological enhancements proposed to improve the efficiency within high density WLAN networks and explore the key challenges to the upcoming amendment.
A framework to avoid irrational polypharmacy in psychiatry

Many patients with psychiatric disorders do not obtain remission from available pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments. Recent studies have demonstrated that there is a role for the rational use of ‘combination therapy’ when treating patients with serious and treatment-resistant mental illnesses. When prescribing multiple medications, it is easy, however, to fall into irrational polypharmacy. We present a framework that clinicians can use to avoid the pitfall of irrational polypharmacy. When using combination therapy, clinicians should consider: (a) pharmadynamic redundancy; (b) pharmacodynamic interactions; (c) pharmacokinetic interactions; and (d) avoid inadequate dosing of medications. Clinicians should also (e) regularly reassess the need for and benefit of continued combination therapy.
Hemipelvectomia interna: relato de oito casos

A hemipelvectomia interna e um procedimento cirurgico adequado no tratamento de certos tumores de cintura pelvica. E uma alternativa terapeutica capaz de preservar o membro inferior do paciente, ao contrario das amputacoes classicas como a amputacao interilioabdominal (AIIA) e desarticulacao coxofemoral. De acordo com a classificacao de Enneking, existem quatro tipos de hemipelvectomia interna, mas, se for necessario, e possivel a associacao de diferentes tipos de resseccao em um unico procedimento. E fundamental que esta cirurgia seja indicada de forma correta para que interfira positivamente na morbimortalidade e qualidade de vida do paciente. Relatamos oito casos de hemipelvectomia interna em pacientes diagnosticados com tumores de cintura pelvica, bem como os tipos de tratamento neoadjuvantes e adjuvantes a que eles foram submetidos e o follow-up dos mesmos.
Pin site management. Towards a consensus: part 1

Abstract The first part of a two-part article reviews the literature on the orthopaedic nursing management of skeletal pin sites with a focus on reducing infection. The lack of empirical evidence is identified, and the deliberations of a consensus group meeting of UK experts are described. Summary guidelines for good practice are proposed, based on available evidence and expert opinion.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients Deemed to Require Long-Term Hospitalization in a Civil or Forensic Psychiatric Setting

This study aimed to examine the specific characteristics of inpatients deemed by their psychiatrist to require ongoing care in a civil or forensic hospital setting compared to those who could benefit from care in a residential setting. The male participants (n = 178) involved in this study came from two such hospital settings. The results show that current hospitalization in a forensic psychiatric unit and aggressive behaviors act as obstacles to being redirected toward community-based treatment. There is a need to further assess interventions targeting aggressive behaviours so as to allow a greater number of patients to access community-based care.
A Data Analytics Approach to the Cybercrime Underground Economy

Despite the rapid escalation of cyber threats, there has still been little research into the foundations of the subject or methodologies that could serve to guide information systems researchers and practitioners who deal with cybersecurity. In addition, little is known about crime-as-a-service (CaaS), a criminal business model that underpins the cybercrime underground. This research gap and the practical cybercrime problems we face have motivated us to investigate the cybercrime underground economy by taking a data analytics approach from a design science perspective. To achieve this goal, we: (1) propose a data analysis framework for analyzing the cybercrime underground; (2) propose CaaS and crimeware definitions; (3) propose an associated classification model, and (4) develop an example application to demonstrate how the proposed framework and classification model could be implemented in practice. We then use this application to investigate the cybercrime underground economy by analyzing a large data set obtained from the online hacking community. By taking a design science research approach, this paper contributes to the design artifacts, foundations, and methodologies in this area. Moreover, it provides useful practical insights to practitioners by suggesting guidelines as to how governments and organizations in all industries can prepare for attacks by the cybercrime underground.
Steganography Security: Principle and Practice

This paper focuses on several theoretical issues and principles in steganography security, and defines four security levels by analyzing the corresponding algorithm instances. In the theoretical analysis, we discuss the differences between steganography security and watermarking security. The two necessary conditions for the steganography security are obtained. Under the current technology situation, we then analyze the indistinguishability of the cover and stego-cover, and consider that the steganography security should rely on the key secrecy with algorithms open. By specifying the role of key in steganography, the necessary conditions for a secure steganography algorithm in theory are formally presented. When analyzing the security instances, we have classified the steganalysis attacks according to their variable access to the steganography system, and then defined the four security levels. The higher level security one has, the higher level attacks one can resist. We have also presented algorithm instances based on current technical conditions, and analyzed their data hiding process, security level, and practice requirements.
A Survey of Clustering With Deep Learning: From the Perspective of Network Architecture

Clustering is a fundamental problem in many data-driven application domains, and clustering performance highly depends on the quality of data representation. Hence, linear or non-linear feature transformations have been extensively used to learn a better data representation for clustering. In recent years, a lot of works focused on using deep neural networks to learn a clustering-friendly representation, resulting in a significant increase of clustering performance. In this paper, we give a systematic survey of clustering with deep learning in views of architecture. Specifically, we first introduce the preliminary knowledge for better understanding of this field. Then, a taxonomy of clustering with deep learning is proposed and some representative methods are introduced. Finally, we propose some interesting future opportunities of clustering with deep learning and give some conclusion remarks.
Liquid capillary micro/nanojets in free-jet expansion.

Perfectly steady liquid micro/nanojets can be produced by simply using a free-jet gas expansion to accelerate a coaxially flowing liquid core. Images of these jets have been obtained by electron microscopy (Figure 1a), which reveal their steadiness and beauty. We show that the spatial pressure distribution resulting at the discharge of a gas stream into a vacuum through a conveniently shaped small aperture creates huge forces per unit volume sufficient to shape and extrude a liquid nanoscale jet in an open environment: the inertia of fast gas stream downstream of the aperture creates a focusing effect after the discharge associated to the radial convergence imposed by the innerwalls of theaperture.Experiments at the small scales used can be compared with the results of full numerical simulations, which reveals the detailed structure of the momentum and energy-transfer process between liquid and gas occurring at the discharge. This work opens an untrodden way to observe nanocapillary flows; nanojets and fibers in unconfined environments are accessible to electron and soft ray probes for which confining walls would otherwise be opaque. These liquid jets can be used in, for example, hydrated injection of biomolecules into vacuum and in atomic spectroscopy. The existence and nature of this class of capillary tapering micro/nanojets (cone jets) produced by a co-flowing gas stream without confinement is reported in this work. The flow rate of these jets is sufficiently small as to permit nozzle operation within an environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) system at conditions tolerable to the microscope vacuum system. Forming a liquid jet in a free-jet gas expansion allows the entire liquid jet from exit aperture to the point of jet break-up to be imaged by secondary electrons (Figure 1a). Numerical simulation of the phenomenon (Figure 1–e) shows that the strong focusing effect observed is due to the inertial
Update: Management of Parapneumonic Effusions

Whenever a patient with a pleural effusion is evaluated, the possibility of a parapneumonic effusion should be considered. When the diaphragms cannot be completely visualized or loculated pleural fluid appears to be present, the possibility of pleural fluid should be assessed with ultrasound or lateral decubitus radiographs. If there is more than a minimal amount of pleural fluid, the fluid should be sampled to determine if there are any poor prognostic factors present (pus, positive gram stain, glucose less than 40 mg/dL, pH less than 7.20, positive culture or lactate dehydrogenase greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal for serum). The fluid is best sampled with a therapeutic thoracentesis. If the fluid recurs, a second therapeutic thoracentesis is performed if any of the poor prognostic factors were present at the first thoracentesis. If the fluid cannot be removed with the therapeutic thoracentesis, either tube thoracostomy with the instillation of fibrinolytics or thoracoscopy should be performed. If the lung does not expand with thoracoscopy, thoracotomy with decortication should be performed. Many decortications are now being done via thoracoscopy. Open drainage procedures are reserved for those patients who are too ill to undergo thoracoscopy or thoracotomy. The definitive procedure should be performed within 10 days of the patient’s initial hospitalization.
Role of melatonin, serotonin 2B, and serotonin 2C receptors in modulating the firing activity of rat dopamine neurons

Melatonin has been widely used for the management of insomnia, but is devoid of antidepressant effect in the clinic. In contrast, agomelatine which is a potent melatonin receptor agonist is an effective antidepressant. It is, however, a potent serotonin 2B (5-HT2B) and serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor antagonist as well. The present study was aimed at investigating the in vivo effects of repeated administration of melatonin (40 mg/kg/day), the 5-HT2C receptor antagonist SB 242084 (0.5 mg/kg/day), the selective 5-HT2B receptor antagonist LY 266097 (0.6 mg/kg/day) and their combination on ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA), locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE), and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonin (5-HT) firing activity. Administration of melatonin twice daily increased the number of spontaneously active DA neurons but left the firing of NE neurons unaltered. Long-term administration of melatonin and SB 242084, by themselves, had no effect on the firing rate and burst parameters of 5-HT and DA neurons. Their combination, however, enhanced only the number of spontaneously active DA neurons, while leaving the firing of 5-HT neurons unchanged. The addition of LY 266097, which by itself is devoid of effect, to the previous regimen increased for DA neurons the number of bursts per minute and the percentage of spikes occurring in bursts. In conclusion, the combination of melatonin receptor activation as well as 5-HT2C receptor blockade resulted in a disinhibition of DA neurons. When 5-HT2B receptors were also blocked, the firing and the bursting activity of DA neurons were both enhanced, thus reproducing the effect of agomelatine.