Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salinity Stress Affects Assimilate Metabolism at the Gene-expression Level during Fruit Development and Improves Fruit Quality in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Irrigation with moderate salinity stress in a hydroponic system improves the inner and outer fruit quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill. ‘House Momotaro’). We investigated the effects of 50 mM NaCl in a hydroponic solution on the levels of various metabolites, including soluble sugars, amino acids, and organic acids, and on the expression levels of salinity-responsive genes during fruit development. Under salinity, Brix (%), surface color density, and flesh firmness of the fruit were significantly enhanced, whereas fruit enlargement was suppressed. Salinity stress strongly promoted the accumulation of sucrose, citrate, malate, and glutamate, and slightly promoted glucose and γ-amino butyric acid in red fruit. At the transcriptional level, up-regulation of ethylene-synthetic 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase and down-regulation of photosynthetic chlorophyll a/b binding protein Cab-1B occurred earlier in stressed fruit than in control fruit. Additionally, the carotenoid-biosynthesis regulatory gene, Phytoene synthase 1, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were up-regulated under moderate salinity in the red stage. The expression profiles of these genes in stress-treated fruit were consistent with the changes in fruit quality, including earlier ripening and a deeper red color. Furthermore, the up-regulation of PEPCK suggested that gluconeogenesis is involved in the accumulation of sugars in salinity-stressed fruit.
Aluminum‐Doped Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals with Stable Blue Photoluminescence Used for Display Backlight

Bright and stable blue emitters with narrow full‐width at half‐maxima are particularly desirable for applications in television displays and related technologies. Here, this study shows that doping aluminum (Al3+) ion into CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) using AlBr3 can afford lead‐halide perovskites NCs with stable blue photoluminescence. First, theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that the extended band gap and quantum confinement effect of elongated shape give rise to the desirable blueshifted emission. Second, the aluminum ion incorporation path is rationalized qualitatively by invoking fundamental considerations about binding relations in AlBr3 and its dimer. Finally, the absence of anion‐exchange effect is corroborated when green CsPbBr3 and blue Al:CsPbBr3 NCs are mixed. Combinations of the above two NCs with red‐emitting CdSe@ZnS NCs result in UV‐pumped white light‐emitting diodes (LED) with an National Television System Committee (NTSC) value of 116% and ITU‐R Recommendation B.T. 2020 (Rec. 2020) of 87%. The color coordinates of the white LED are optimized at (0.32, 0.34) in CIE 1931. The results suggest that low‐cost, earth‐abundant, solution‐processable Al‐doped perovskite NCs can be promising candidate materials for blue down‐conversion layer in backlit displays.
Physical properties of ambient and laboratory‐generated secondary organic aerosol

The size and thickness of organic aerosol particles collected by impaction in five field campaigns were compared to those of laboratory‐generated secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy was used to measure the total carbon absorbance (TCA) by individual particles as a function of their projection areas on the substrate. Particles with higher viscosity/surface tension can be identified by a steeper slope on a plot of TCA versus size because they flatten less upon impaction. The slopes of the ambient data are statistically similar indicating a small range of average viscosities/surface tensions across five field campaigns. Steeper slopes were observed for the plots corresponding to ambient particles, while smaller slopes were indicative of the laboratory‐generated SOA. This comparison indicates that ambient organic particles have higher viscosities/surface tensions than those typically generated in laboratory SOA studies.
Enhanced vascular permeability induced in mice by larch arabinogalactan.

Larch arabinogalactan AG(Lch) enhances vascular permeability when injected into normal mice. Increased vascular permeability is demonstrated by a marked blueing of the ears (BE) which follows the intravenous administration of AG(Lch) and Evans's blue dye. BE can be inhibited by D-galactose, derivatives of D-galactose, and oligosaccharides which contain D-galactose. The stereochemical specificity of inhibition, the specificity of desensitization of mice to AG(Lch) by repeated injections of this polysaccharide and the rapid elimination of [3H]AG(Lch) from the circulation, suggest that AG(Lch) may produce its biological effects by interacting with natural antibody. In vitro oxidation of the terminal non-reducing galactose residues of AG(Lch) by galactose oxidase completely destroys the ear blueing capacity of AG(Lch). BE induced by AG(Lch) in mice resembles anaphylactoid oedema elicited by dextran in rats in that it can be inhibited by the administration of (a) an anti-serotonin drug (UML 491), and (b) a hyperglycaemic inducing agent (alloxan). As in the dextran system in rats, a strain of mice has been found which does not react to AG(Lch).
0 M ay 2 01 9 EIGENVALUE STATISTICS FOR SCHRÖDINGER OPERATORS WITH RANDOM POINT INTERACTIONS ON R

Abstract. We prove that the local eigenvalue statistics at energy E in the localization regime for Schrödinger operators with random point interactions on R, for d = 1, 2, 3, is a Poisson point process with the intensity measure given by the density of states at E times the Lebesgue measure. This is one of the first examples of Poisson eigenvalue statistics for the localization regime of multi-dimensional random Schrödinger operators in the continuum. The special structure of resolvent of Schrödinger operators with point interactions facilitates the proof of the Minami estimate for these models.
Learning to Work : Trajectories and Discourses Aprendiendo a trabajar : trayectorias y discursos

“Work-based learning” is positively valued by young people as a form of professional specialization and a rapid transition to the labor market. But the economic crisis has changed the trajectories of labour. Trajectories have been segmented. Today, a broad period of uncertainty in employment is accepted as normal, as well as a form of successive approximation to job stability. This study has been based on the statistical data of the MCVL and in five discussion groups with young people from 16 to 34 years.
1 THS / P 5-12 Sub-grid-scale Effects on Short-wave Instability in Magnetized Hall-MHD Plasma

Aiming to clarify effects of short-wave modes on nonlinear e volution/saturation of the ballooning instability in the Large Helical Device, fully three-dimen sional simulations of the single-fluid MHD and the Hall MHD equations are carried out. A moderate parallel heat conductivity plays an important role both in the two kinds of simulations. In the single-fluid MHD simulat ions, the parallel heat conduction effectively suppresses short-wave ballooning modes but it turns out tha t he suppression is insufficient in comparison to an experimental result. In the Hall MHD simulations, the p arallel heat conduction triggers a rapid growth of the parallel flow and enhance nonlinear couplings. A compa rison between single-fluid and the Hall MHD simulations reveals that the Hall MHD model does not nece ssarily improve the saturated pressure profile, and that we may need a further extension of the model. W also find by a comparison between two Hall MHD simulations with different numerical resolutions that sub-grid-scales of the Hall term should be modeled to mimic an inverse energy transfer in the wave numbe r space.
Serial somatosensory and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in monitoring of acute supratentorial mass lesions.

OBJECTIVE To determine the relevance of serial evoked potentials (brainstem auditory evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials) and clinical parameters (pupillary response and intracranial pressure) in patients with acute supratentorial mass lesions. DESIGN Prospective case series of comatose patients with acute supratentorial mass lesions. SETTING Neurocritical care unit of a tertiary care center. PATIENTS Thirty consecutive patients with the following study inclusion criteria: a) clinical and computed tomography evidence of an acute supratentorial mass lesion; b) implantation of an intracranial pressure monitoring device; and c) a persistent comatose state during the observation period. INTERVENTIONS Brainstem auditory evoked potentials, somatosensory evoked potentials, intracranial pressure, and pupillary responses were recorded at the time of three particular events: a) immediately after implantation of an epidural intracranial pressure monitoring device; b) during intracranial pressure therapy; and c) at termination of intracranial pressure therapy. Evoked potential results were ranked into three categories: a) normal on both sides; b) abnormal or absent on one side; and c) evoked potentials on both sides abnormal or absent. Spearman's rank correlation was performed to analyze serial recordings. Cross tables were generated to determine the prognostic value of evoked potentials and clinical parameters. Fisher's exact test was applied to calculate statistical significance. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Intracranial pressure values correlated with pupillary responses and brainstem auditory evoked potentials during and at the termination of intracranial pressure therapy. Pupillary findings correlated with brainstem auditory evoked potentials only at the time of termination of intracranial pressure therapy. There was no correlation between somatosensory evoked potentials and clinical parameters. Pupillary responses indicated a good or poor recovery during and at the termination of intracranial pressure therapy. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and intracranial pressure values distinguished between good and poor outcome only at termination of intracranial pressure therapy. Somatosensory evoked potential results did not predict outcome. CONCLUSIONS Shortly after manifestation of supratentorial mass lesions, the results of evoked potentials and clinical parameters indicate increased intracranial pressure and incipient transtentorial herniation but do not predict sequelae. Our results indicate that after institution of effective therapy, pupillary abnormalities and brainstem auditory evoked potentials serve as valuable prognostic predictors. In contrast, somatosensory evoked potentials reflect neither therapeutic efficacy nor outcome in our patient population.
LEARNING TO TEACH THROUGH REFLECTIVE PRACTICE

The paper explores how student teachers learn to be reflective classroom practitioners by understanding the meaning they attach to the term ‘reflective practice’, and subsequently how they put that meaning into practice in a teacher education programme. The two dimensions of reflective practice being investigated are: student teachers’ interpretation of reflective practice, and their individual experience of being a reflective practitioner based on this unique understanding. In teaching, the reflective practitioner model encourages student teachers to integrate themselves in the real world of practice by being aware of and reflecting on their own values, beliefs, thoughts and actions in making classroom decisions, and in engaging and dealing with the complexities that the real world of classroom poses rather than applying the educational knowledge and theories they learned unquestionably. Although there are well-established literature that supports the rationale for the reflective practitioner model in teacher education, there are also debates about the lack of understanding of this notion which affects how student teachers engage in reflective practice. Interview data suggest that student teachers’ perceived importance of reflective practice is influenced by the varied opportunities provided to them. Their experience in making situational judgements and depth of reflection are manifested as a result of critical interaction with various stakeholders. The understanding of reflective practice is important for educators and curriculum designers in general to develop effective reflective practitioners in a teacher education programme.
Load Characteristic Influence on Power Oscillation Damping

The increasing share of renewables in the electric grid may have a negative impact on the system stability to which conventional control methods are insufficient. The report focuses on the stability of low frequency inter-area modes. Along the development of renewables, power electronics are more frequently used between the actual load and the grid. Hence the characteristics of the loads is undergoing a change as well. This report investigates how different load characteristics influence the damping in the grids. The investigation is performed by a simulation experiment where a model consisting of two AC-grids interconnected via an HVDC-link is implemented in two simulation software programs, PSCAD and Simulink. The HVDC-link has an implemented active power oscillation damping control to improve the damping of the overall system. The report also review which software that is most suitable for the given investigation. It is shown that active power loads contributes to the damping best if they are modelled as constant impedance loads and less for constant power loads. Reactive loads with inductive behaviour contributes to the damping best if they are modelled as constant power loads and contributes least if they are constant impedance loads. The evidence suggest that the damping provided by the loads is uncorrelated with the damping provided by the HVDC-link. The simulation software that suited the author’s preference best was Simulink. These results contribute to the understanding of how loads influence the system damping and can be used in future studies, where it is interesting to know if the load damping is over or underestimated.
Residual capacity of earthquake damaged buildings

Seismic behavior of damaged buildings may be expressed as a function of their REsidual Capacity (REC), that is a measure of seismic capacity reduced due to damage; the diminishing of REC after an earthquake is representative of Performance Loss PL. This paper deals with the problem of assessing building’s REC for existing under-designed Reinforced Concrete (R.C.) buildings that are typically found in European Mediterranean regions. REC is evaluated based on pushover curves obtained for the structure in different damage state configurations, where building’s behavior is simulated with a suitable modification of plastic hinges for damaged elements. Moreover, a simplified approach for REC assessment, that may be useful for a preliminary evaluation of possible damage dependent PL, is proposed.
Estimation of Crustal Deformation and Magnitude of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake Using Strong Ground Motion Records

The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (Mw 9.0) is the greatest earthquake in Japan. Analysis of GPS network, such as GEONET by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, has revealed the crustal deformation distribution due to the earthquake. On the other hand, the permanent displacement due to the earthquake can be estimated from the displacement waveform, which is calculated by integrating the acceleration waveform observed by strong ground motion seismograph. This method could be used complementary with GPS analysis. In this study, we calculated the permanent displacement distribution due to the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake and estimated its moment magnitude using relation between permanent displacements and hypocentre distances. The result suggests that quick estimation of unsaturated magnitude can be realized by calculating displacement waveforms using strong ground motion records at extremely large earthquake.
Using crowdsourcing in building a morphosyntactically annotated and lemmatized silver standard corpus of Croatian

This paper describes the creation of a morphosyntactically tagged and lemmatized silver standard corpus by using crowdsourcing. A data set containing 50.322 tokens compiled from the Croatian web corpus hrWaC was annotated using TreeTagger and HunPos taggers trained on the SETimes.HR corpus. Tokens that the tools annotated differently were passed on to the crowd. The crowd looked through contested nouns, verbs and adjectives, while experts checked and corrected those that the crowd decided were incorrect, along with the remaining parts of speech the two taggers did not agree on. The evaluation of the crowdsourcing yielded a single worker’s accuracy to be ∼90%, and that of the majority answer of three workers to be ∼97%. While intrinsic evaluation of the resource by calculating accuracy of morphosyntactic tags showed an improvement of 8%, extrinsic evaluation of the corrected corpus on the task of morphosyntactic tagging produced an accuracy increase of little over 1%. The results point to the conclusion that the use of crowdsourcing in creating and improving language resources is indeed useful, but in the case of using the improved resource for enhancing morphosyntactic tagging, given the amount of already available gold corpus data, accuracy should be improved by developing a lexicon. Uporaba mnoienja pri izdelavi oblikoskladenjsko oznaenega in lematiziranega korpusa hrvaine kot srebrnega standarda V prispevku opišemo postopek izdelave oblikoskladenjsko označenega in lematiziranega korpusa hrvaščine z uporabo množičenja. Podatkovna množica, ki vsebuje 50.322 pojavnic, je bila vzorčena iz hrvaškega korpusa spletnih besedil hrWaC in oznaena z označevalnikoma TreeTagger in HunPos, ki sta se naučila modela jezika iz korpusa SETimes.HR. Pojavnice, ki sta jih programa označila različno, so bile z uporabo platforme za množičenje ffzgMnoštvo posredovane množici anotatorjev, ki so izmed obeh izbrali pravilno oznako. Množica je pregledala sporne samostalnike, glagole in pridevnike, medtem ko so eksperti pregledali in popravili tiste oznake, za katere se je množica odločila, da so napačne pri obeh označevalnikih, kot tudi preostale besedne vrste. Evalvacija množičenja je pokazala, da je natančnost posameznega anotatorja v povprečju ∼90%, večinska odločitev treh anotatorjev pa ∼97%. Medtem ko je intrinzina evalvacija vira z izraunom natančnosti oblikoskladenjskih oznak pokazala izboljšanje za 8%, je ekstrinzična evalvacija popravljenega korpusa pri nalogi oblikoskladenjskega označevanja povečala natančnost označevanja za malo več kot 1%. Rezultati kažejo, da je uporaba množičenja za izdelavo in izboljšanje jezikovnih virov koristna, vendar pa ne za izboljšanje oblikoskladenjskega označevanja, kjer bi bilo, glede na količino že dostopnih korpusnih podatkov kot zlatega standarda, moči bolje usmeriti v izdelavo leksikona.
Lymphocyte subpopulations in the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood in multiple sclerosis

Subpopulations of lymphocytes in the CSF and peripheral blood were studied in 30 patients with MS, 16 with other neurologcial diseases (OND) and 15 control subjects without any neurological abnormalities. In patients with relapse of MS, the absolute numbers of total lymphocytes, alpha‐naphthyl acid esterase (ANAE) positive, E‐rosette forming and bearing the “avid”FcIgG receptor lymphocytes were significantly increased in the CSF as compared with stable or slowly progressive MS patients, patients with other OND and control subjects.
SUBRETINAL DRUSENOID DEPOSITS IN NON-NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: Morphology, Prevalence, Topography, and Biogenesis Model

Purpose: To characterize the morphology, prevalence, and topography of subretinal drusenoid deposits, a candidate histological correlate of reticular pseudodrusen, with reference to basal linear deposit (BlinD), a specific lesion of age-related macular degeneration, and to propose a biogenesis model for both lesion. Methods: Donor eyes with median death-to-preservation of 2:40 hours were postfixed in osmium tannic acid paraphenylenediamine and prepared for macula-wide high-resolution digital sections. Annotated thicknesses of 21 chorioretinal layers were determined at standard locations in sections through the fovea and the superior perifovea. Results: In 22 eyes of 20 white donors (83.1 ± 7.7 years), SDD appeared as isolated or confluent drusenoid dollops punctuated by tufts of retinal pigment epithelium apical processes and associated with photoreceptor perturbation. Subretinal drusenoid deposits and BlinD were detected in 85 and 90% of non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration donors, respectively. Subretinal drusenoid deposit was thick (median, 9.4 &mgr;m) and more abundant in the perifovea than in the fovea (P < 0.0001). BlinD was thin (median, 2.1 &mgr;m) and more abundant in the fovea than in the perifovea (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Subretinal drusenoid deposits and BlinD prevalence in age-related macular degeneration eyes are high. Subretinal drusenoid deposits organized morphology, topography, and impact on surrounding photoreceptors imply specific processes of biogenesis. Contrasting topographies of subretinal drusenoid deposits and BlinD suggest relationships with differentiable aspects of rod and cone physiology, respectively. A 2-lesion 2-compartment biogenesis model incorporating outer retinal lipid homeostasis is presented.
Growth factors and early mesoderm morphogenesis: Insights from the sea urchin embryo

The early morphogenesis of the mesoderm is critically important in establishing the body plan of the embryo. Recent research has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this process, and growth factor signaling pathways have emerged as key regulators of the directional movements of mesoderm cells during gastrulation. In this review, we undertake a comparative analysis of the various essential functions of growth factor signaling pathways in regulating early mesoderm morphogenesis, with an emphasis on recent advances in the sea urchin embryo. We focus on the roles of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways in the migration of primary mesenchyme cells and the formation of the embryonic endoskeleton. We compare the functions of VEGF and FGF in sea urchins with the roles that these and other growth factors play in regulating mesoderm migration during gastrulation in Drosophila and vertebrates. genesis 52:158–172. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
INVESTIGATION OF GEOGRID REINFORCED SOIL WITH LARGE SCALE “ELEMENT” TESTING

The compound behavior of geogrid reinforced soil is very complex as two completely different materials are combined. Interaction mechanisms between geogrid and soil, e.g. surface friction and particle interlocking contribute to tensile and confining effects in the composite material. To investigate the complex stress-strain behavior of geogrid reinforced soil and to account for the large size of geogrid apertures, a highly sophisticated apparatus with innovative instrumentation has been developed at RWTH Aachen University. It allows to carry out large scale biaxial compression tests under a constant confining pressure. The stress-strain behavior of the specimens tested proves the well-known increase in strength of the reinforced soil compared with those of the unreinforced soil. A transparent glass side wall of the laboratory stand allows to obtain the particle deformation and rotations with the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method. The kinematic behavior of the tests is linked to the observed stress-strain behavior.