Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Planning Model in Designing an Oral Health Strategy.

BACKGROUND Although the poor oral health of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) constitutes a significant health disparity in the United States, few interventions to date have produced lasting results. Moreover, there is minimal application of planning models to inform and design a theory-based strategy that has the potential to be effective and sustainable in this population. METHODS The PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model is being used to design and evaluate an oral health strategy for adults with IDD. The PRECEDE component involves assessing social, epidemiological, behavioral, environmental, educational, and ecological factors that informed the development of an intervention with underlying social cognitive theory assumptions. The PROCEED component consists of pilot-testing and evaluating the implementation of the strategy, its impact on mediators and outcomes of the population under study. RESULTS A The PRECEDE assessment and strategy design results are presented including a conceptual framework and oral health strategy that are linked to social cognitive theory and Health Action Process Approach. We have developed a strategy consisting of a planned actions, capacity building, environmental adaptations, and caregiver reinforcement within group homes. The strategy is designed to increase caregiver self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and behavioral capability, and also to create environmental influences that will lead to improved self-care behavior of the adult with IDD. It is anticipated that this strategy will improve the oral health and quality of life, including respiratory health, of individuals with IDD. The planned PROCEED component of the planning model includes a description of an in-process pilot study to refine the oral health strategy, along with a future randomized controlled clinical trial to demonstrate its effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS The application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model presented here demonstrates the feasibility of this planning model for developing and evaluating interventions for adults within the IDD population.
Investigation of Mitochondrial Transmission in Selected Matings between Homokaryons from Commercial and Wild-Collected Isolates of Agaricus bisporus (= Agaricus brunnescens)

Ten heterokaryons of Agaricus bisporus (= Agaricus brunnescens) were shown to carry four different mitochondrial (mt) genotypes by analysis of mt restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Fifteen homokaryons derived from these strains were used to investigate mt inheritance in A. bisporus. One hundred eighty-nine pairings were performed in 25 different combinations. Pairings in 15 different combinations produced heterokaryons on the basis of nuclear RFLP analyses and/or fruiting trials. The mt genotype of each new intraspecies hybrid was examined by using mt RFLPs as genetic markers. Our results suggest the following. (i) Recombination between the mt genomes was not a common event. (ii) From most individual pairings, all heterokaryons carried the same mt genotype. (iii) Heterokaryons carrying either of the two possible mt genotypes were observed in certain crosses after modification of the pairing procedure. A biparental transmission pattern was demonstrated for some crosses, but there appears to be a preference for one of the mt genotypes to predominate in any specific pairing.
Psychosocial interventions as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE To summarize the evidence and make treatment recommendations regarding the use of psychosocial interventions as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder. METHODS We reviewed published outcome studies since 1975 identified in MEDLINE and PsychLIT searches. RESULTS Available studies are initial and of highly variable methodological rigour. Evidence is most robust for the efficacy of psychoeducation and family therapy, and these received the highest level of recommendation as interventions. Group therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and behavioural family management therapy are supported by weaker evidence and received a lower-level treatment recommendation. Availability of only a single interpersonal and social rhythms therapy trial limited the confidence of the recommendation for this intervention. CONCLUSIONS Controlled trials are needed to replicate early outcome studies and guide treatment recommendations. Accumulated evidence of favourable psychosocial intervention outcomes supports, with variable confidence, their use as adjuncts to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
A Prototyping Virtual Socket System-On-Platform Architecture with a Novel ACQPPS Motion Estimator for H.264 Video Encoding Applications

H.264 delivers the streaming video in high quality for various applications. The coding tools involved in H.264, however, make its video codec implementation very complicated, raising the need for algorithm optimization, and hardware acceleration. In this paper, a novel adaptive crossed quarter polar pattern search (ACQPPS) algorithm is proposed to realize an enhanced inter prediction for H.264. Moreover, an efficient prototyping system-on-platform architecture is also presented, which can be utilized for a realization of H.264 baseline profile encoder with the support of integrated ACQPPS motion estimator and related video IP accelerators. The implementation results show that ACQPPS motion estimator can achieve very high estimated image quality comparable to that from the full search method, in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), while keeping the complexity at an extremely low level. With the integrated IP accelerators and optimized techniques, the proposed system-on-platform architecture sufficiently supports the H.264 real-time encoding with the low cost.
Experimental Modal Analysis on a Rotating Fan Using Tracking‐CSLDV

Continuous Scan Laser Doppler Vibrometry (CSLDV) modifies the traditional mode of operation of a vibrometer by sweeping the laser measurement point continuously over the structure while measuring, enabling one to measure spatially detailed mode shapes quickly and minimizing the inconsistencies that can arise if the structure or test conditions change with time. When a periodic scan path is employed, one can decompose the measurement into the response that would have been measured at each point traversed by the laser and obtain the structure’s mode shapes and natural frequencies using conventional modal analysis software. In this paper, continuous‐scan vibrometry is performed on a rotating fan, using computer controlled mirrors to track the rotating fan blades while simultaneously sweeping the measurement point over the blades. This has the potential to circumvent the difficulty of attaching contact sensors such as strain gauges, which might modify the structure and invalidate the results. In this work, im.
Protein G-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-MPB70 antibodies in bovine tuberculosis

MPB70 is a highly species specific protein which is secreted from Mycobacterium bovis during culture. To investigate whether antibodies against MPB70 can be used as an indicator of infection with M. bovis, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed, based on the use of biotinylated protein G, to provide a common indicator for antibody formation in different species. During experimental infection with M. bovis in cattle, a characteristic pattern of anti-MPB70 antibody production was observed with an initial flat plateau followed by a marked rise 18 to 20 weeks after infection. Skin testing with bovine tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD), which was shown to contain antibody-reactive MPB70, was a potent stimulator of antibody production in infected animals. In experimentally infected cattle, we observed an inverse relationship between antibody activity and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test reactions. In natural M. bovis infections, skin testing with PPD was also a potent stimulator of anti-MPB70 formation. Comparison between the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to MPB70 and that for antibodies to the widely cross-reacting M. bovis BCG antigen 85B in animals with M. bovis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections showed that formation of antibody to MPB70 was highly specific for infection with M. bovis. The use of an MPB70-containing PPD preparation for skin testing followed by this anti-MPB70 assay is a highly specific indicator of M. bovis infection. Adjustment of the test conditions is expected to provide an increased sensitivity of the procedure for the diagnosis of natural M. bovis infections.
Call and recall for cervical cancer screening in a developing country: A randomised field trial

A randomised field trial was used to assess Mexican women's response to a mailed invitation for a Papanicolaou test. A sample of 4,802 women, 20 to 64 years old, chosen at random from the Mexican Social Security Institute Register were randomly assigned to an intervention and to a control group. A letter of invitation and a reminder were sent to the intervention group. A letter was also sent to the control group at the end of the follow‐up period (8.5 weeks) in order to compare the response among women who received a letter in both groups. Cumulative incidence and incidence rates were used to determine the response and the speed of response, respectively. The response among women who had received the letter was 33.5% (efficacy) in the intervention group, while 5.9% (p<0.001) in the control group attended a Papanicolaou test. For the total of women invited, the response was 20.1% (effectiveness) and 3.3% (p<0.001), respectively. The response was greater in rural areas (rural vs. urban/suburban; p = 0.002) and eldest women (50–64 vs. 20–49; p = 0.02). The response rate was 7 times grater in the intervention than in the control group (RR = 7.1; 95% CI 5.4–9.4; p < 0.001). A mailed invitation to have a Papanicolaou test substantially increases attendance by women who receive it. A mailed reminder improves results. This strategy could be implemented in addition to the ones already in use, mainly among rural and elderly women. Int. J. Cancer 87:869–873, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implant survival and marginal bone loss at turned and oxidized implants in periodontitis-susceptible smokers and never-smokers: a retrospective, clinical, radiographic case-control study.

BACKGROUND Little is known about the long-term outcome of oxidized surface oral implants, especially in periodontitis-susceptible smokers. The aim of this study is to determine implant survival and marginal bone loss at turned and oxidized implants in smokers and never-smokers with periodontitis. METHODS Forty smokers and 40 never-smokers with experience of advanced periodontal disease, treated with implants 5 years previously, are included in this study. Groups were matched for sex, oral hygiene, and implant distribution, and patients were subgrouped by implant surface type (turned or oxidized). RESULTS The overall implant survival rate was 96.9% in never-smokers and 89.6% in smokers. Compared with oxidized implants, turned implants failed more frequently in smokers. In smokers, mean (standard error of the mean) marginal bone loss at 5 years was 1.54 (0.21) mm at turned and 1.16 (0.24) mm at oxidized implants. In never-smokers, significantly greater bone loss was found at oxidized implants, 1.26 (0.15) mm, than at turned implants, 0.84 (0.14) mm. Oxidized implants demonstrated similar bone loss for both groups. Turned implants lost significantly more bone in smokers. Compared with never-smokers, the smokers' likelihood ratio for implant failure was 4.68, 6.40 for turned and 0.00 for oxidized implants. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study underscore the need for prevention and cessation of smoking. Turned implants failed more frequently and lost more marginal bone in smokers. In contrast, oxidized implants showed similar failure rates and bone loss in smokers and never-smokers. Turned implants displayed less bone loss than oxidized implants in never-smokers. Oxidized surface implants are more suitable for patients susceptible to periodontitis who smoke.
The Equivalence of Strict Liability and Negligence Rule: A Trompe L'oeil Perspective

This paper analyzes the difficulties of comparing the respective effectiveness of two among the most important liability regimes in tort law: rule of negligence and strict liability. Starting from the standard Shavellian unilateral accident scheme, I show that matching up liability regime on their capacity to provide the highest level of safety is ineffective. This demonstration lies on two components. The first one gathers some results drawn from literature that introduces uncertainty. The second one takes into consideration the beliefs of agents and their aversion to ambiguity. The model applies uncertainty to the level of maximum damage. This demonstration reinforces the previous result. Hence, both regimes apply on specific tort question and comparing their individual efficiency needs to call for other components as the transaction costs associated to the burden of evidence, the fairness between victims and injurers, etc.
Fulminant pertussis: A multi‐center study with new insights into the clinico‐pathological mechanisms

Pertussis carries a high risk of mortality in very young infants. The mechanism of refractory cardio‐respiratory failure is complex and not clearly delineated. We aimed to examine the clinico‐pathological features and suggest how they may be related to outcome, by multi‐center review of clinical records and post‐mortem findings of 10 patients with fulminant pertussis (FP). All cases were less than 8 weeks of age, and required ventilation for worsening respiratory symptoms and inotropic support for severe hemodynamic compromise. All died or underwent extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) within 1 week. All had increased leukocyte counts (from 54 to 132 × 109/L) with prominent neutrophilia in 9/10. The post‐mortem demonstrated necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis with extensive areas of necrosis of the alveolar epithelium. Hyaline membranes were present in those cases with viral co‐infection. Pulmonary blood vessels were filled with leukocytes without well‐organized thrombi. Immunodepletion of the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes was a common feature. Other organisms were isolated as follows; 2/10 cases Para influenza type 3, 2/10 Moraxella catarrhalis, 1/10 each with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a coliform organism, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Haemophilus influenzae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and candida tropicalis. We postulate that severe hypoxemia and intractable cardiac failure may be due to the effects of pertussis toxin, necrotizing bronchiolitis, extensive damage to the alveolar epithelium, tenacious airway secretions, and possibly leukostasis with activation of the immunological cascade, all contributing to increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Cellular apoptosis appeared to underlay much of these changes. The secondary immuno‐compromise may facilitate co‐infection. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:970–980. ©2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Progesterone Release by Ovarian Granulosa Cells of Hens after Experimental Lead and Molybdenum Administrations in vitro

The general objective of this in vitro study was to examine the secretory activity of ovarian granulosa cells of hens after lead (Pb) and molybdenum (Mo) administrations. In this study the effect of various doses of Pb and Mo on the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and progesterone (P ) release by ovarian granulosa 4 cells was demonstrated. Ovarian granulosa cells were incubated with lead acetate/ammonium molybdate- group A 0.09 mg/mL, group B 0.17 mg/mL, group C 0.33 mg/mL and the control group without Pb and Mo administrations for 18 h. The IGF-I and progesterone release by granulosa cells of hens was assessed by RIA. It was demonstrated that isolated ovarian cells were able to survive in culture and release hormones IGF-I and P after experimental Pb and Mo administrations. Our observations demonstrated that the secretory 4 activities of granulosa cells of hens were dependent on Pb and Mo doses. Lower Pb concentrations (0.09 mg/mL and 0.17 mg/mL) induced IGF-I release but higher dose (0.33 mg/mL) stimulated P release by 4 ovarian granulosa cells of hens. Higher Mo concentration (0.33 mg/mL) reduced of IGF-I release while doses 0.17 mg/mL and 0.33 mg/mL stimulated P release by ovarian cells of hens. These findings contribute to our 4 knowledge of the effect of lead and molybdenum on ovarian function of hens.
Auditory temporal processing deficits in patients with insular stroke

Objective: To assess central auditory function in a series of patients with stroke of the insula and adjacent areas. Methods: The authors recruited eight patients with stroke affecting the insula and adjacent areas and eight neurologically normal controls (matched to the patients for age, sex, handedness, and hearing thresholds). The lesion spared the adjacent auditory areas in three patients and included other auditory structures in five cases. The authors conducted pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry and a central auditory test battery, which included the dichotic digits, and three temporal tests, the duration pattern, frequency pattern, and gaps in noise tests. They collected information from the hospital notes on symptoms at presentation and neuropsychological assessment data during the acute phase. Results: The central auditory tests gave normal results in all controls. The temporal tests gave abnormal results in all three cases in which other auditory areas were spared, as well as in the other five cases. Results of the gaps in noise test were abnormal contralaterally to the lesion in three and bilaterally in five cases. The central auditory deficits did not cosegregate with the presence of cognitive impairment during the acute stage. Conclusion: Insular lesions may affect central auditory function and, in particular, temporal resolution and sequencing, consistent with neuroimaging studies.
The extracellular space in red and white muscles of the rat.

The inulin space of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscle (SOL) of both Wistar-King and Sprague-Dawley rats was determined. The inulin space of EDLs is in general smaller than that of SOLs in both strains. However, a great variation of the space values was observed for both kinds of muscles; the variability of the space was related to a variation in the muscle weight. It has been found that the dimension of the space is linearly related to the reciprocal of the weight in both kinds of muscles and that in the Wistar-King rats the magnitudes of the space (y) in both muscles are expressed by one and the same function, y=659.80/x+2.67, (x, muscle weight). The dry-to-wet-weight ratio was not significantly different between two kinds of muscles of varying weights in both strains of rats.
Assessing the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the tollbooths of a highway toll station via direct and indirect approaches.

The present study was set out to assess the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in three types of tollbooths at a highway toll station via direct and indirect approaches. Direct sampling results show that no significant difference could be found in the PAH homologue distributions for samples collected from the car lane/ticket-payment and car lane/cash-payment tollbooths, but both were significantly different from that for the bus/ truck lane tollbooth. The above results could be due to the former two types of tollbooths that were designed for the same type of traffic (i.e., cars and vans), but the latter was designed for a different type of traffic (i.e., buses and trucks). For any given type of tollbooth, the total-PAH content (C(Total-PAHs)) found during the day shift (= 9,370-15,500 ng/m3) were not significantly different from that found during the night shift (= 9,550-14,900 ng/m3), but both were significantly higher than that found during the late-night shift (= 5,560-11,100 ng/m3). During any given work shift we found C(Total-PAH5) for the three types of tollbooths as the following: bus/truck lane (= 11,100-15,500 ng/m3) > car lane/ticket-payment (= 7,260-13,500 ng/m3) > car lane/ cash-payment (= 5,560-9,550 ng/m3). After conducting multivariate regression analyses, we found that none of the three environmental factors (i.e., wind speed,temperature, and relative humidity), except for the vehicle flow rate (Q(Vehicle)) had a significant effect on C(Total-PAHs) for any given type of tollbooth. Considering directly measuring PAH contents was labor-consuming and costly, and the above results suggest the possibility of using Q(Vehicle) to predict C(Total-PAHs) for any given type of tollbooth. After conducting simple linear regression analyses, we found that (1) all resultant regression coefficients were found with positive values indicating that an increase in the Q(Vehicle) would lead to an increase in the C(Total-PHHs). (2) from the magnitude of the resultant regression coefficients indicating that an increase in C(Total-PAHs) caused by per unit Q(Vehicle) for the three types of tollbooths were the following: bus/truck lane > car lane/cash-payment > car lane/ticket-payment, and (3) the resultant R2 values fell to the 0.54-0.75 range indicating that the variations in C(Total-PAHs) could be explained well by Q(Vehicle) for the three types of tollbooths. It is concluded that measuring Q(Vehicle) can be regarded as an effective indirect method for estimating PAH contents in various types of tollbooths.
VALIDATED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF ENALAPRIL MALEATE IN PURE AND DOSAGE FORMS Original Article

Objective: Simple, sensitive, precise, reproducible and validated visible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE) drug, namely enalapril maleate (ENP) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methods: The methods are based on the formation of yellow colored ion-pair complexes between enalapril with two sulphonphthalein acid dyes, bromocresol purple (BCP) and bromophenol blue (BPB) at pH 2.8 and 3.0 using BCP and BPB, respectively followed by their extraction with chloroform. Several parameters such as pH, buffer type, reagent volume, sequence of addition and effect of extracting solvent were optimized to achieve high sensitivity, stability, low blank reading and reproducible results. Results: The absorbance is measured at 408 and 414 nm using BCP and BPB reagents, respectively. The stoichiometric ratio of the formed ion-pair complexes was found to be 1:1 (drug: reagent) for both methods as deduced by Job's method of continuous variation. Under the optimum reaction conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9993-0.9996) were found between the absorbance's and the concentrations of enalapril over the concentration ranges of 2.0–24 μg ml-1 and 2.0–28 μg ml-1 with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.39 and 0.45 μg ml-1, using BCP and BPB methods, respectively. Various analytical parameters have been evaluated and the results have been validated by statistical data. Conclusion: The proposed methods were validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and successfully applied to the determination of enalapril in pure and Dosage forms. Statistical comparison of the results obtained by applying the proposed methods with those of the official method revealed good agreement and proved that there were no significant difference in the accuracy and precision between the results.