Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct Aeroacoustic Simulation with Volume Penalization Method

Flow and acoustic fields around a circular cylinder and a cascade of flat plates are clarified by direct simulations with a volume penalization method, which is a useful method to predict flow and acoustic fields around a complex geometry in a flow. The predicted results are compared with our experimental results or those of literatures. It is also clarified that the acoustic resonance occurs between the plates for a cascade of flat plates. The phase-averaged predicted flow fields present that the vortices shed from neighboring plates is synchronized in an anti-phase mode. As a result, the intense standing waves are generated between plates.
NIINA SIMONEN DISCRETIZATION IN SUBGROUP DISCOVERY

NIINA SIMONEN: Discretization in Subgroup Discovery Tampere University of Technology Master of Science thesis, 53 pages, 13 Appendix pages May 2016 Master’s Degree Programme in Information Technology Major: Computer Science Examiners: Prof. Tapio Elomaa, M.Sc. (Tech) Juho Lauri
Young technology ventures in Europe: aspects of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation

The constructs of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation have been researched over the last decade. Critics increasingly demand the simultaneous testing of several orientations. An online single-industry study investigated the constructs on a factor, dimensional and full measurement level as well as clarified the interconstruct relation. Using reviewed measures from the works of Kohli et al. (1993), as well as Covin and Slevin (1986; 1991) and Lumpkin and Dess (1996), a total of 282 wireless application developers in Europe and Israel were surveyed. It can be concluded that entrepreneurial orientation is a multidimensional construct comprising four distinct constructs: Proactiveness, Risk Taking, Competitive Aggressiveness, and Innovativeness of the Company. Market orientation was found to be a unidimensional construct comprising five distinct dimensions: Intelligence Generation on Macro Environment, Intelligence Generation on Micro Environment, Intelligence Generation on Customers, Intelligence Dissemination and Responsiveness.
An Optimization Framework for Combining the Petroleum Replenishment Problem with the Optimal Bidding in Combinatorial Auctions

This paper addresses a periodic petroleum station replenishment problem (PPSRP) that aims to plan the delivery of petroleum products to a set of geographically dispatched stations. It is assumed that each station is characterized by its weekly demand and by its frequency of service. The main objective of the delivery process is to minimize the total travelled distance by the available trucks over an extended planning horizon. The problem configuration is described through a set of trucks with several compartments each and a set of stations with demands and prefixed delivery frequencies. Given such input data, the minimization of the total distance is subject to assignment and routing constraints that express the capacity limitations of each truck's compartment in terms of the frequency and the pathways' restrictions. In this paper, we develop and solve the full space mathematical formulation for the PPSRP with application to the Omani context. Our ultimate aim is to include such a model into an integrated framework having the objective of advising petroleum distribution companies on how to prepare bids in case of participation in combinatorial auctions of the transportation procurement.
Ties to the Past in Organization Research: A Comparative Analysis of Retrospective Methods

This paper addresses a traditionally neglected area of management and organizational studies—retrospective research. It identifies, describes and analyses four positions on retrospective research: Controlling the Past, in which attempts are made to maximize accurate recall or to reveal potential sources of error or bias; Interpreting the Past, in which understanding of the present is informed by the construction of past reality; Co-opting the Past, in which causal explanations link the past and the present; and Representing the Past, which involves the problematization of time and research on time. These positions are compared in terms of, for example, method, philosophy, examplars and potential contribution. Finally, implications are drawn for the practice of retrospective research in management and organization studies.
Audit partner tenure, audit firm tenure, and discretionary accruals: Does long auditor tenure impair earnings quality?

Mandatory audit partner rotation has been adopted in certain countries while audit firm rotation is still being debated in many places. Most of the extant research on the relation between auditor tenure and earnings quality provides evidence at the audit firm level. However, since audit firm tenure is correlated with partner tenure and audit firm rotation is more costly than partner rotation, it is important to know whether earnings quality is related to audit firm tenure, partner tenure, or both. We investigate this issue using a sample of Taiwanese companies for which the audit report must be signed by two partners with their names disclosed in the report. Using performance adjusted discretionary accruals as a proxy for earnings quality, we find that the absolute and positive values of discretionary accruals decrease significantly with partner tenure. After controlling for partner tenure, we find that absolute discretionary accruals decrease significantly with audit firm tenure. Our findings are not consistent with the arguments that earnings quality decreases with extended audit partner tenure and that audit firm rotation in addition to partner rotation would improve earnings quality. Our results are robust to alternative ways of measuring partner tenure under the dual signature system. However, since the audit reports do not disclose which partner is responsible for maintaining the auditor-client relationship, measurement errors in partner tenure remain an issue that cannot be fully addressed in the context of our study.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE BIRTH SPACING AMONG RURAL PREGNANT WOMEN IN SALIN TOWNSHIP, MYANMAR

Maternal and child mortality remains a major health problem in Myanmar, especially in rural area. An adequate birth interval is considered as a positive factor in mothers and their children’s health, and improves the chances of mother and their children survival. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the birth spacing among rural pregnant women in Salin Township, Myanmar. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 425 pregnant women who had at least one child, came to the rural health center in Salin Township, Magway Region, Myanmar in 2012. Data was collected by using semi-structured questionnaire. The descriptive statistics was used to explain birth spacing interval, and other factors. The chi-square and multiple logistic regressions were used to determine the association between birth spacing interval and independent factors. Only 34.8 percent of respondents had good birth spacing (≥24months). Most of respondents (78.4%) were in the age group between 20-35 years. The results from multiple logistic regression show that age at marriage of the respondents ( p-value = 0.021), knowledge of the birth spacing ( p-value = 0.003) and getting information from the midwives ( p-value = 0.025) showed a statistically significant with the birth spacing interval. Therefore, reproductive health promotion programs focusing on the birth spacing should be expanded up to the rural communities and the encouragement and motivation should be done to the midwives.
RISK FACTORS FOR PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS AMONG GEZIRA STATE-CENTRAL OF SUDAN

The aim of this study is to assess the risk factors for prostate cancer among Sudanese patients treated in National Cancer Institute (NCI), Gezira University, Wadmedani, Sudan. The study was performed on 268 prostate cancer patients, age ranging between 45-98 years. Similar number of 268 persons (age and sex matched) was used as control group . The study period was from May-2006 to December-2009. Data was collected from patients using a questionnaire which was filled in order to obtain information regarding: age, residence, tribe, education levels, occupation, marital status, stage of disease, family history and habits . The body mass index (BMI) was determined by anthropometrics measurements (weight and height). Prostate cancer is the commonest cancer among male patients treated in the NCI. The mean age of patients was 72.2±9.25. Most of patients (73.9%) were over 66-years. Family history is positive in 18 (6.7%) of the patients. Rural inhabitants were 79.8% of all cases. The disease is equally distributed among different tribes. The illiteracy among cases is 39.1%. The commonest occupation was farming (60.1%). Majority (90.7%) of the patients were married. Most cases (85.4%) presented with stage ІІІ and ІV. 73% of the patients had one or more of unhealthy habits (smoking, snuff and alcohol). the BMI was high in 6.9% of the patients. Risk factors for prostate cancer in the study area, which may appear to have a high significant effect, were: the age, education level, occupation, unhealthy habits and the
Firm credit in the euro area: a tale of three crises

Using survey data from 2009 to 2011, we analyse the effects of the recent euro area economic, financial and private debt crisis on the supply of and demand for bank finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). At the country level, we identify three distinct aspects of the recent crisis in the euro area affecting firm credit through different channels. Controlling for country fixed effects, the impact of a weak real economy on firm credit operates both by reducing firms’ demand for bank financing and by lenders increasing loan rejections and tightening terms and conditions on credit allocated. On the other hand, financial conditions have no significant effect on demand, but they do affect credit supply as we find that financial tensions worsen the chances of obtaining credit and its terms and conditions. We interpret this as evidence of a bank balance sheet channel negatively impacting credit provision. We find that private sector indebtedness has important effects on SMEs’ credit access and its terms and conditions.
Evaluation of different improved upland rice varieties for low soil nitrogen adaptability

Scarcity of nitrogen fertilizer is a major constraint to rice production particularly in developing countries. Low soil fertility prevalent in farmer’s fields has led to low rice yields and the ever escalating fertilizer prices have made this important input unaffordable to most smallholder farmers who have limited resources for purchasing the required inputs. The Mwea Upland rice (MWUR) varieties were bred under low fertilizer input environment while other authors have indicated that the New Rice for Africa (NERICA) gives high yields under low input conditions. There is therefore need to identify the superior rice varieties that are adaptable to low nitrogen levels. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different rates of nitrogen fertilizer on improved upland rice varieties and identify the low input adaptable varieties. Field studies were conducted at Alupe in Western Kenya under rainfed upland conditions between August 2012 and April 2013. The experiment layout was split plot factorial in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. The main plot treatments were four rates of nitrogen fertilizer levels which were; 0 (control), 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 applied as calcium ammonium nitrate (26% N) in two equal splits; 21 days after sowing (DAS) and at panicle initiation (46 DAS). Sub-plots consisted of Original Research Article Sikuku et al; IJPSS, 5(1): 40-49, 2015; Article no.IJPSS. 2015.058 41 four MWUR varieties namely MWUR 1, MWUR 2, MWUR 3, MWUR 4; and four NERICA varieties namely NERICA 1, NERICA 4, NERICA 10 and NERICA 11. The parameters measured included plant height, tiller number, filled grain ratio percentage and yield components. In the study, nitrogen treatment showed significant effect on plant growth and the measured parameters increased significantly with increase in nitrogen level. MWUR varieties studied were more adaptable to low nitrogen conditions as compared to NERICA varieties. The NERICA varieties recorded higher yield at high nitrogen levels as compared to MWUR varieties. However, NERICA 4 gave higher yield as compared to other NERICA varieties regardless of the nitrogen level. Results from our study suggest that MWUR 1 and 2 and NERICA 4 were more tolerant to low nitrogen as compared to MWUR 3 and 4 and NERICA 1, 10 and 11, because of higher height, more tiller number, higher filled grain ratio percentage and higher yield component as compared to the other studied varieties and may be suitable for soils low in nitrogen.
An Integrative Approach to Examining the Trophic Ecology of a Common Benthic Fish in the High Arctic

Shorthorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) are a common fish in the Arctic that congregate in large numbers in nearshore areas during open water periods, yet little is known about their role in arctic food webs relative to other common consumers like Arctic Cod (Boreogadus saida). This study made use of stable isotope and stomach content analysis as well as acoustic telemetry to examine prey selection, diet specialization, trophic position/coupling, and movement patterns. The influence of Arctic Cod presence was also examined. Results indicate that Sculpin trophic ecology changes with total length and prey availability. Distinct movement patterns were identified that potentially represent different foraging behaviours. Sculpin changed movement patterns in the presence of high abundances of Cod, and two Cod were found in Sculpin stomachs. However, data suggests that Shorthorn Sculpin trophic ecology and movement patterns are more heavily influenced by other prey and changes in abiotic variables.
Filling in the Quasar Redshift Gap at z ∼ 5.5. II. A Complete Survey of Luminous Quasars in the Post-reionization Universe

We present the final results from our survey of luminous z ∼ 5.5 quasars. This is the first systematic quasar survey focusing on quasars at z ∼ 5.5, during the post-reionization epoch. It has been challenging to select quasars at 5.3 < z < 5.7 using conventional color selections, due to their similar optical colors to those of late-type stars, especially M dwarfs. We developed a new selection technique for z ∼ 5.5 quasars based on optical, near-infrared (IR), and mid-IR photometry, using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), PanSTARR1 (PS1), the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Surveys–Large Area Survey, the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey, the VISTA Hemisphere Survey, and the Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer, covering ∼11,000 deg2 of high galactic latitude sky. In this paper, we present the discovery of 15 new quasars at 5.22 ≤ z ≤ 5.78. Together with results from Yang et al., our survey provides a complete, flux-limited sample of 31 quasars at 5.3 ≤ z ≤ 5.7. We measure the quasar spatial density at z ∼ 5.5 and M1450 < −26.2. Our result is consistent with the rapid decline of the quasar spatial density from z = 5 to 6, with k = −0.66 ± 0.05 (ρ(z) ∝ 10kz). In addition, we present a new survey using optical colors only from the full PS1 area for luminous quasars at z = 5.0–5.5, which is beyond the SDSS footprint, and report the preliminary results from this survey, including 51 new quasars discovered at 4.61 ≤ z ≤ 5.71.
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Information Sciences and Technology INTERNATIONALIZATION OF MOBILE NETWORK OPERATORS: INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE, REGIONAL EFFECTS AND COUNTRY FACTORS A Dissertation in Information Sciences and Technology by

iii LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . x 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 PROBLEM MOTIVATION . 1 1.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION AND SCOPE . 2 1.3 RESEARCH MERIT . 4 2. LITERATURE REVIEW . 5 2.1 THEORIES OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE FIRM . 5 2.2 INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE . 8 2.2.1 Regulative component . 9 2.2.2 Normative component . 10 2.2.3 Cognitive component . 11 2.2.4 Culture: normative or cognitive? 12 2.3 ROLE OF REGIONAL EXPERIENCE . 12 2.4 COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS . 13 2.5 INTERNATIONALIZATION IN FIXED AND MOBILE TELECOM . 14 2.6 INSTITUTIONAL AND REGIONAL FACTORS IN MOBILE TELECOM . 15 2.7 SUMMARY . 16 3. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK . 17 3.1 GENERIC AND INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE . 17 3.2 FRAMEWORK OF MNO INTERNATIONALIZATION . 19 3.3 HYPOTHESES . 21 3.3.1 Generic and industry-specific institutional distance . 21 3.3.2 Role of regional experience and regional factors . 22 3.3.3 Influence of other factors on MNO entry . 23
Inclusive community leisure services: responsibilities of key players.

The purpose of this study was to identify the inclusive practices employed and barriers encountered by key players in Minnesota's community leisure service agencies that were actively serving people with disabilities in inclusive programs. By identifying "recommended professional practices" for inclusive services, the specific roles and strategies implemented by key players and barriers they encountered could be observed first-hand. In order to analyze the nature and extent of inclusive programming in relation to agency key player roles, 13 agencies were selected for on-site interviews. The following key players were interviewed at each of those agencies: (1) administrator; (2) supervisor; (3) program instructor; (4) volunteer or trainer advocate; and (5) consumer (Le., individual with a disability and/or his/her parent/care provider). Networking with others and collaborative program planning (i.e., agency staff work closely with consumers in designing programs) were the most prevalently cited organizational recommended professional practices across key players.
Variation in Symbiodinium communities in juvenile Briareum asbestinum (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) over temporal and spatial scales

Despite the importance of cnidarian−algal symbioses for the reef ecosystem, little is known of the pattern of symbiont acquisition in juvenile octocorals and how this varies across time and environment. To study this, aposymbiotic larvae from the common Caribbean gorgonian Briareum asbestinum were placed in distinct habitats in the middle Florida Keys, and the establishment of the symbiosis was monitored yearly during 1999−2002. Although Symbiodinium B184 (type based on length variation in domain V of chloroplast large subunit [23S]-ribosomal gene) dominated juvenile B. asbestinum for up to 12 mo, other symbiont types within Clades A, B, C and D co-occurred with B184 at varying frequencies across years and sites. The occurrence of some symbiont types (B184 and B224) did not differ between habitats or years monitored, while other symbiont types (A194, B220 and C180) varied significantly in prevalence depending on year and site. The diversity of symbiont types initially acquired by young juveniles was not simply a subset of the symbiont types found in nearby host cnidarians, suggesting that the source of infecting symbionts was not solely local host populations. Experimental manipulations demonstrated that symbionts continued to enter the host for several months until a single symbiont type dominated within the juvenile octocorals after 3 mo. Although some symbiont types varied significantly across habitats, the pattern of infection did not reflect a given habitat. Instead, aside from Symbiodinium B184 and B224, initial symbiont acquisition appeared random in B. asbestinum recruits.
Making a Pronoun: Fake Indexicals as Windows into the Properties of Pronouns

This article argues that natural languages have two binding strategies that create two types of bound variable pronouns. Pronouns of the first type, which include local fake indexicals, reflexives, relative pronouns, and PRO, may be born with a defective feature set. They can acquire the features they are missing (if any) from verbal functional heads carrying standard -operators that bind them. Pronouns of the second type, which include long-distance fake indexicals, are born fully specified and receive their interpretations via context-shifting -operators (Cable 2005). Both binding strategies are freely available and not subject to syntactic constraints. Local anaphora emerges under the assumption that feature transmission and morphophonological spell-out are limited to small windows of operation, possibly the phases of Chomsky 2001. If pronouns can be born underspecified, we need an account of what the possible initial features of a pronoun can be and how it acquires the features it may be missing. The article develops such an account by deriving a space of possible paradigms for referential and bound variable pronouns from the semantics of pronominal features. The result is a theory of pronouns that predicts the typology and individual characteristics of both referential and bound variable pronouns.
Interleukin (IL)-8 and growth related oncogene-α in severe endotoxemia and the effects of a tumor necrosis factor-α/IL-1β inhibitor on these chemokines

Abstract FR167653 inhibits the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, powerful inducers of CXC chemokines IL-8 and growth related oncogene (GRO)-α. The production of IL-8 and GRO-α was investigated and the effects of FR167653 were examined in a rabbit model of endotoxin shock. Male New Zealand rabbits were given endotoxin at a dose sufficient to induce DIC. Three groups of rabbits received FR167653 at different doses. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and GRO-α levels were measured, several pathologic features were evaluated, and the results were compared with those obtained in control rabbits, which received only endotoxin. Endotoxin increased serum levels of IL-8 and GRO-α, which were associated with hypotension, renal dysfunction, and mortality, peaking at 4 h. FR167653 improved mortality, an event that was associated with decreased levels of not only TNF-α and IL-1β but also IL-8 and GRO-α. TNF-α peaked at 2 h, at a time point before IL-8 and GRO-α reached their peak, and the TNF-α level was tightly correlated with that of IL-8 and GRO-α. Altogether, these data suggest the possible involvement of IL-8 and GRO-α in endotoxin shock, and FR167653 may foster a beneficial outcome in part by modulating the chemokines level by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-1β.
Cross Tropopause Transport of Water by Mid-Latitude Deep Convective Storms: A Review

Recent observational and numerical modeling studies of the mechanisms which transport moisture to the stratosphere by deep convective storms at mid-latitudes are reviewed. Observational evidence of the cross-tropopause transport of moisture by thunderstorms includes satellite, aircraft and ground-based data. The primary satellite evidence is taken from both conventional satellite of thunderstorm images and CloudSat vertical cloud cross-section images. The conventional satellite images show cirrus plumes above the anvil tops of some of the convective storms where the anvils are already at the tropopause level. The CloudSat image shows an indication of penetration of cirrus plume into the stratosphere. The aircraft observations consist of earlier observations of the ”jumping cirrus” phenomenon reported by Fujita and recent detection of ice particles in the stratospheric air associated with deep convective storms. The ground-based observations are video camera records of the jumping cirrus phenomenon occurring at the top of thunderstorm cells. Numerical model studies of the penetrative deep convective storms were performed utilizing a three-dimensional cloud dynamical model to simulate a typical severe storm which occurred in the US Midwest region on 2 August 1981. Model results indicate two physical mechanisms that cause water to be injected into the stratosphere from the storm: (1) the jumping cirrus mechanism which is caused by the gravity wave breaking at the cloud top, and (2) an instability caused by turbulent mixing in the outer shell of the overshooting dome. Implications of the penetrative convection on global processes and a brief future outlook are discussed.