Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple compartments with different metabolic characteristics are involved in biosynthesis of intracellular and released glutamine and citrate in astrocytes

The metabolism of glucose and lactate was investigated in cultured mouse cerebellar astrocytes, a culture preparation consisting of a homogeneous population of cells, by incubating the cells in a medium containing either [U‐13C]glucose or [U‐13C]lactate in combination with unlabeled lactate and glucose, respectively. After the incubation, cell extracts and media were analyzed by GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) for labeling patterns in aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine, as well as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle constituents citrate and fumarate. Triple labeling of extracellular citrate exceeded that of double labeling from [U‐13C]glucose. This was not the case when lactate was the labeled precursor. These results indicate that pyruvate carboxylation in biosynthesis of releasable citrate was less prominent from lactate compared with glucose. As observed in the case of extracellular citrate, triple labeling of intracellular aspartate was higher than double labeling when [U‐13C]glucose was the precursor, but not with [U‐13C]lactate as precursor. The pattern of labeling in citrate was different intra‐ and extracellularly and the extent of labeling extracellularly was 10 times higher using [U‐13C]glucose compared with [U‐13C]lactate. However, the intracellular citrate labeling from [U‐13C]glucose only exceeded that originating from labeled lactate by a factor of two. This is in contrast to the labeling pattern obtained for glutamine, since intracellularly this was equally prominent using [U‐13C]glucose and [U‐13C]lactate as substrates. Moreover, extracellularly the labeling was only slightly higher when using [U‐13C]glucose compared with [U‐13C]lactate. Intracellular glutamate and extracellular glutamine exhibited similar incorporation patterns with regard to double compared with triple labeling and the extent of incorporation of label from [U‐13C]lactate compared with [U‐13C]glucose. It should be noted that the main intracellular pools of citrate and glutamine were compartmentalized; i.e., releasable citrate and glutamine exhibited a labeling pattern distinctly different from that of their intracellular pools. Moreover, carboxylation of pyruvate using glucose as the precursor was more important for biosynthesis of releasable glutamine and citrate, compared with their intracellular pools. Based on the results a model of multiple compartments is suggested. The compartments differ with regard to utilization of lactate and glucose, synthetic pathways for TCA cycle intermediates and amino acids, particularly citrate and glutamine, as well as the contents of different metabolites. GLIA 35:246–252, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Scope for Fiscal Policy: A Case Study of Thailand

This article is concerned with the application of fiscal policy instruments in stabilisation policy. Theoretical and practical considerations suggest that the scope for fiscal policy may be limited, but analysis of the actual performance of Thailand shows that an active use has been made of it. Compared with advanced economies, the role of automatic stabilisers is relatively small; discretionary fiscal policy interventions have been more important. Particularly in the years after the Asian financial crisis fiscal policy has been actively used, first, under IMF programmes, to reduce aggregate demand, and later to stimulate the economy. The article focuses on the application of fiscal policy instruments, not on the impact of fiscal policy interventions on the real economy.
Time-varying control laws with guaranteed persistence for a class of multi-species chemostats

We study classical families of chemostat models with an arbitrary number of species competing for a single limiting substrate. For families of models, we present some obstructions to the existence of asymptotically stabilizable periodic trajectories. For other families of growth rates, we design a dilution rate and input substrate time-varying feedback controllers so that a positive trajectory of the chemostat model becomes globally asymptotically stable. That way, the control laws ensure persistence of all the species. A local version of this result is given in the case where only the substrate concentration is available by measurement.
Intensive working memory training: A single case experimental design in a patient following hypoxic brain damage

Abstract Background: Recent reports suggest that intensive, progressive training on working memory tasks can lead to generalized cognitive gains. Case study: A patient, following hypoxic brain damage, showed significant difficulties in working memory and time-perception. This study examined the impact and specificity of any benefits resulting from automated working memory training (AWMT) in comparison with the effects of an equivalent programme that emphasized automated novel problem-solving (APST) which served as an active control. Following initial assessment, the patient trained for 4 weeks (20 days), 20–30 minutes a day on the APST tasks before repeating key outcome measures. He then trained for an identical period on AWMT. Results: There were no cognitive gains apparent following APST. Furthermore, there were no disproportionate gains on digit span following AWMT. AWMT was, however, associated with improvement in time-perception that had previously been resistant to rehabilitation. In line with previous reports, AWMT was also followed by gains on a measure of planning. Conclusion: The results provide encouraging evidence that AWMT may have generalized benefits in the context of impaired WM capacity following brain injury.
Progressing the Sustainability Debate: A Knowledge Management Approach to Sustainable Tourism Planning

The concept of sustainable development has been a key focus of academic research since the early 1990s. However, both the public and private tourism sectors have been criticised for their progress in applying the concept; with some authors noting that sustainability principles are not put into practice. The application of sustainable development concepts is a prime example of the difficulties associated with diffusing the body of knowledge generated through academic research to the tourism industry. Therefore, a study was undertaken to examine the transfer of academic knowledge regarding sustainability to tourism public sector practice. A two-phase qualitative research process was undertaken involving in-depth interviews with tourism destination stakeholders from five case study destinations in Queensland, Australia. The research results show that the vast body of knowledge on the topic has not been diffused effectively to the destination level where it is actually needed by those who plan and manage tourism activity. A knowledge management approach is suggested as being necessary to bridge this knowledge-practice gap.
Current practices in building project contract price forecasting in the UK

Purpose – The selection and use of the most appropriate building project contract price forecasting model contribute to the provision of strategic advice that clients can use to make value‐for‐money business decisions. This work seeks to provide a snapshot of current practice in model selection by practitioners based in large‐sized quantity surveying, project management and multi‐disciplinary practices based in the UK.Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative research design was used to capture data from a sample of 300 such organisations in 2004. An initial and follow‐up administration of the postal survey generated an overall response of 54 per cent.Findings – The findings of the study revealed that the traditional types of forecasting model continue to be in widespread use irrespective of organisational type. Lifecycle cost models and in‐house knowledge‐based systems were also found to be in use, but not on such a widespread scale. Newly developed models such as artificial neural nets, fuzzy logic n.
How Analysts Process Information: Technical and Financial Disclosures in the Microprocessor Industry

Abstract Following Bradshaw (‘Analyst information processing, financial regulation, and academic research’ [2009], and Analysts' forecasts: What do we know after decades of work? [2011]), this paper examines how analysts process information, particularly in an information environment characterised by multiple and potentially complementary information sources. The setting is the microprocessor industry, one in which technical information is particularly significant and complex to digest. Based on 3837 analyst earnings-forecast revisions, issued by 134 analysts, we examine quantitatively the speed, magnitude, and information content of the reactions of individual analysts and subgroups of analysts to both periodic and timely technical disclosures, and as a complement to periodic financial disclosure. We find that analysts are much slower to react to timely technical disclosures than they are to periodic financial disclosures. We find also that technical and financial disclosures complement each other. Furthermore, we find that there is a ‘hierarchy’ of analysts in this particular industry, as evidenced through the strength of reaction to timely technical disclosures. Finally, we find that lower speed in reacting to timely technical disclosures and a higher intensity in the use of timely technical disclosure (in conjunction with periodic financial disclosure) result in greater accuracy, and that more experienced analysts tend to be less accurate. We suggest that the findings may have implications for other industries such as Bio-Tech Pharma.
Benchmarking the student experience: The offshore campus experience

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look at the role of the student experience questionnaire in collecting students' perceptions of their experiences in studying at an offshore campus of an Australian University, compared with the experiences of the University's students in Australia. In particular, it seeks to highlight the difference in perceptions of students resulting, for example, from the size of the campus versus the size of other campuses and the whole institution.Design/methodology/approach – The case study is based on a student learning experience questionnaire utilised by a large research‐intensive Australian tertiary institution (with two overseas campuses). The results of the questionnaire are compared between one overseas campus and the whole institution. The case study looks at the experiences of the overseas campus compared with the Australian experience. Although the case study is situated within one institution, there are aspects and lessons that are applicable to other institution.
Development of microglia in the quail optic tectum

The development of microglia in the quail optic tectum from embryonic day 6 to adulthood was studied by using the QH1 monoclonal antibody. In youngest tecta, microglial cells were scarcely present, but their number rose in subsequent stages. A clear pattern of microglial cell distribution was observable in embryos of 9–16 days. (1) Round cells appeared close to the ventricular layer. (2) Large numbers of ameboid and round labeled cells were seen in the stratum album centrale during development. A gradient of cell density was observable in this layer, as fewer labeled cells appeared in medial regions of the tectum than in lateral regions. (3) Maturing ramified cells were found in layers external to the stratum album centrale, where they increased in number and in branching complexity during development. In adult tecta, almost all microglial cells were of the mature ramified type and were distributed homogeneously in the different tectal layers, although in some layers they had particular morphological features.
Capacity of Content-Centric Hybrid Wireless Networks

In this paper, we investigate the capacity scaling laws of content-centric hybrid wireless networks, where users aim to retrieve content stored in the network rather than to maintain source-destination communication. A total of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nodes that have limited storage capacities are assumed to be independently and uniformly distributed in the square area. The storage at in each node is used to cache contents according to proposed caching schemes. A total of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-base stations are regularly placed and act as relays during the content retrieving process. Two different content access schemes are considered: 1) homogeneous content access scheme, where each content is requested and cached with equal probability; and 2) heterogenous content access scheme, where the cached probability of each content is different and the requested contents follow a Zipf content popularity distribution. We present the closed form capacity formulae for the two different content access schemes in order sense, respectively. We also discuss the impact of the number of nodes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the number of base stations <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the storage capacities of nodes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, cached probability of content <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$q_{j}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and content popularity distribution <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p_{j}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on the capacity scaling. The capacity can be improved by increasing the storage capacities of nodes and adding base stations in the networks under homogeneous content access scheme. Under the heterogeneous content access scheme, increasing the cached probability of content and adding the base stations in the networks can effectively improve the capacity. We also present the capacity under different exponent of content popularity distribution. Finally, we compare our results with previous work, which appear as special cases of our work.
A cell-type-specific requirement for IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in Fas-induced apoptosis

Apoptosis is a highly regulated process of cell suicide that occurs during development, host defense, and pathophysiology. The transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), known to be involved in the activation of innate immune responses, recently has been shown to be critical for DNA damage-induced apoptosis and tumor suppression. Here, we report on a cell-type-specific role of IRF5 in promoting apoptosis upon signaling through the death receptor Fas (CD95/APO-1/TNFRSF6). In particular, we show that mice deficient in the Irf5 gene are resistant to hepatic apoptosis and lethality in response to the in vivo administration of a Fas-activating monoclonal antibody, and that IRF5 is involved in a stage of Fas signaling that precedes the activation of caspase 8 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In addition to hepatocytes, IRF5 is also required for apoptosis in dendritic cells activated by hypomethylated CpG but not in thymocytes and embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. Thus, these findings reveal a cell-type-specific function for IRF5 in the complex regulatory mechanism of death-receptor-induced apoptosis.
Owner characteristics and health of SMEs in Pakistan

Purpose – A major frustration for most policy researchers in the small to medium‐sized enterprise (SME) area is the virtual non‐existence of scientific data on this sector in the country. This paper aims to provide some data.Design/methodology/approach – A survey of 651 SMEs from the manufacturing sector of Pakistan was conducted in 2003 and statistical analysis was carried out to analyze the data. This paper focuses on the relationship between the health indicators namely, sales/employee, increase/decrease in sales, and investment plans and the different personal characteristics of the owner/entrepreneur.Findings – This analysis suggests that education, generation setting up the business, and number of partners have a significant relationship with the health of SMEs. Health of the firm is also dependent on owner habits like watching television, reading newspapers and using computers for office work. Other factors like caste of the owner and occupation of the owner's relatives were also analyzed, but no s.
Does Accessibility To Different Sources Of Financial Capital Affect Competitive Advantage And Sustained Competitive Advantages? Evidence From A Highly Regulated Chinese Market

We investigate whetheraccess to different financial capital sources offers competitive advantages inChina's highly regulated market. To identify sources and analyze financialcapital relationships that affect competitive advantages, we study 6750firm-year observations from 2000-2009. Firms gain competitive advantages whenthey can access internal and external financing in equities, bonds andequity-financed capital. Financial industry reforms benefit large private andgovernment-owned firms. Regional institutional developments help to accesssources of external financial capital. Implications include the need tomobilize external financial resources for small and private firms and furtherreform security regulations to ensure fair competition and sustainability.
Local path control for an autonomous vehicle

A control system for an autonomous robot cart designed to operate in well-structured environments such as offices and factories is described. The onboard navigation system comprises a reference-state generator, an error-feedback controller, and cart-location sensing using odometry. There is a convenient separation between the path guidance and control logic. Under normal operating conditions, the controller ensures that the errors between the measured and reference states are small. These errors only exceed set limits if the cart is malfunctioning. Major hardware failures can be detected in this way and failsafe procedures invoked. Results on the control system performance derived from a computer simulation of the cart and its operating environment, and from an experimental cart, indicate that the system can provide reliable, accurate, and safe operation. <<ETX>>
Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline

Background and aim: This Guideline is an official statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). It addresses the choice amongst regimens available for cleansing the colon in preparation for colonoscopy. Methods: This Guideline is based on a targeted literature search to evaluate the evidence supporting the use of bowel preparation for colonoscopy. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was adopted to define the strength of recommendation and the quality of evidence. Results: The main recommendations are as follows. (1) The ESGE recommends a low-fiber diet on the day preceding colonoscopy (weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence). (2) The ESGE recommends a split regimen of 4 L of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution (or a same-day regimen in the case of afternoon colonoscopy) for routine bowel preparation. A split regimen (or same-day regimen in the case of afternoon colonoscopy) of 2 L PEG plus ascorbate or of sodium picosulphate plus magnesium citrate may be valid alternatives, in particular for elective outpatient colonoscopy (strong recommendation, high quality evidence). In patients with renal failure, PEG is the only recommended bowel preparation. The delay between the last dose of bowel preparation and colonoscopy should be minimized and no longer than 4 hours (strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence). (3) The ESGE advises against the routine use of sodium phosphate for bowel preparation because of safety concerns (strong recommendation, low quality evidence).
An econometric approach between human development and poverty in North Eastern Region of India

An understanding the linkage between human development and poverty in general and economic development in particular is very imperative in emerging economies in the globe. The objective of this paper is to study the regional variation and causality between human development and poverty in the north-east India. The major finding of this paper is that there exists significant regional variation between human development and poverty in the north eastern states of India. While human development is substantially high in Mizoram and Manipur, it is low in other states. On the contrary, poverty is very low in Mizoram and Manipur, while it is considerably high in other states. The estimated results confirmed that human development (and its individual indicators) has a significant role to alleviate poverty in the north east India.
The Stability of the Small Nucleolar Ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) Assembly Protein Pih1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Modulated by Its C Terminus*

Background: Pih1 is an unstable protein and forms an R2TP complex with Rvb1, Rvb2, and Tah1. Results: Pih1 contains two intrinsically disordered regions that mediate different protein-protein interactions within R2TP complex. Conclusion: Pih1 contains an N-terminal Rvb1/Rvb2-binding domain and a C-terminal regulatory domain. Significance: The study provides important insights into the mechanism of intrinsically disordered proteins in protein complex formation. Pih1 is an unstable protein and a subunit of the R2TP complex that, in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also contains the helicases Rvb1, Rvb2, and the Hsp90 cofactor Tah1. Pih1 and the R2TP complex are required for the box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) assembly and ribosomal RNA processing. Purified Pih1 tends to aggregate in vitro. Molecular chaperone Hsp90 and its cochaperone Tah1 are required for the stability of Pih1 in vivo. We had shown earlier that the C terminus of Pih1 destabilizes the protein and that the C terminus of Tah1 binds to the Pih1 C terminus to form a stable complex. Here, we analyzed the secondary structure of the Pih1 C terminus and identified two intrinsically disordered regions and five hydrophobic clusters. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that one predicted intrinsically disordered region IDR2 is involved in Tah1 binding, and that the C terminus of Pih1 contains multiple destabilization or degron elements. Additionally, the Pih1 N-terminal domain, Pih11–230, was found to be able to complement the physiological role of full-length Pih1 at 37 °C. Pih11–230 as well as a shorter Pih1 N-terminal fragment Pih11–195 is able to bind Rvb1/Rvb2 heterocomplex. However, the sequence between the two disordered regions in Pih1 significantly enhances the Pih1 N-terminal domain binding to Rvb1/Rvb2. Based on these data, a model of protein-protein interactions within the R2TP complex is proposed.
Information Problems and Company Behaviour vis‐à‐vis Continuous Management Training

The purpose of this study is to examine the degree and type of information the company holds on training, and to what extent the lack‐of‐information firms suffer in two senses, information on managerial resources and information on training supply, tends to condition their behavior vis‐à‐vis management training. Data from more than 300 Spanish companies with 50 or more workers are used to examine the connection between information asymmetries and company behavior in relation to continuous management training. The empirical study revealed that company readiness to engage in continuous management training appears to be significantly conditioned by all variables related to the existence of information on managers and training supply. Based on these results, underinvestment in managerial training would be associated with those cases in which information is unavailable or not distributed uniformly and transparently. This study contributes to the existing training literature by providing a novel link between information asymmetries (firm managers; firm training offerings) and their ability to influence training investment rates. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.