Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Describing the problem-solving strategies of expert image interpreters using graphical knowledge elicitation methods

Developing insights from remote sensing data requires a human-in-the-loop. The earliest examples are of air photo interpretation experts working with minimal tools. Today, experts in image interpretation rely heavily on the use of computer displays to assist them in insight generation. The goal of this current research is to develop a method for systematically describing the problem-solving tasks completed by experts when faced with the challenge of mapping land cover changes from remote sensing imagery. Knowledge elicitation (KE) methods are used to derive the interpretation processes of experts. Two KE methods, self-constructed external representation (SER) and think-aloud protocol (TAP), are used to develop a descriptive model of expert image analysis. A set of cognitive tasks are identified using qualitative coding of the SER, TAP, and reflection interviews. From these codes, a generalized interpretation model is generated to reflect the use of TimeSync, a visual interpretation tool, for land cover change mapping. Two findings emerge from this work. First, the use of SER and TAP in conjunction with qualitative coding is a useful means for generating the general interpretation model. Second, the interpretation of land cover change from remote sensing imagery consists of several cognitive subtasks that support a process of identification and signification process. The main contribution of this work is toward the development of a useful framework for using graphical KE methods in the context of visual work.
Network setup time analysis of mobile multi-hop packet radio networks under virtual circuit and TDMA policies

The time required to establish a mobile packet radio network using virtual circuit switching and time division multiple access (TDMA) policies is studied. A tool is developed to determine the network setup time in terms of the channel bandwidth allocated to establish and maintain the network. These results are combined with network capacity results to analyze the tradeoff between the capacity and setup time of the network. Also analyzed are the virtual circuit setup time statistics. The effects of mobility are considered. Since these results are not in closed form, numerical results are included. <<ETX>>
Ανάπτυξη νέου μοντέλου ιεραρχικής συσταδοποίησης

Η ιeραρχική συσταδοποίηση eίναι μια από τις πιο αποτeλeσματικeς λύσeις στο πρόβλημα της συσταδοποίησης δίοτι παρέχeι οργάνωση πολλαπλών eπιπέδων στα δeδομένα. Τα τeλeυταία χρόνια, η έρeυνα που γίνeται σe αλγορίθμους ιeραρχικής συσταδοποίησης, προκαλeί μeγάλο eνδιαφέρον, λόγω των απαιτήσeων των σύγχρονων eφαρμογών. Προτeίνουμe ένα νέο μοντέλο ιeραρχικής συσταδοποίησης, που ονομάζeται Hierarchical Stochastic Clustering (HSC), το οποίο δρά σe δύο στάδια. Στο πρώτο στάδιο, βρίσκeι μια πρωταρχική ιeαραχία από διαμeρίσeις σe ένα σύνολο δeδομένων. Στο δeύτeρο στάδιο, τροφοδοτeί eναν αλγόριθμο συσταδοποίησης μe καθέμια από τις συστάδeς που ανήκουν στην πιό λeπτομeρή διαμέριση, προκeιμένου να eξαχθeί το τeλικό αποτέλeσμα. Η μeθοδολογία που ακολουθήσαμe βασίζeται στην έρeυνα \textit{Stochastic Data Clustering} των Meyer και Weissel αλλά και στην θeωρία \textit{Variable Aggregation} των Simon και Ando. Η πeιραματική αξιολόγηση δeίχνeι πως το μοντέλο μας χτίζeι μια ποιοτική ιeραρχία και βeλτιώνeι σταθeρά τον αλγόριθμο που δρα στο δeύτeρο στάδιο, όχι μόνο υπολογιστικά αλλά και ποιοτικά. Αυτό το αποτέλeσμα υπαγορeύeι ότι η μέθοδος HSC eίναι μια ιδανική λύση σe προβλήματα συσταδοποίησης μeγάλου όγκου δeδομένων.
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretiminde Yerel, Kültürel Miras Öğelerinin Kullanımına İlişkin Öğretmen Adayı Görüşleri

Bu arastirmada Sosyal Bilgiler Ogretiminde yerel, kulturel miras ogelerinin kullanimina iliskin ogretmen adayi gorusleri belirlenmistir. Mugla Sitki Kocman Universitesindeki Sosyal Bilgiler ve Sinif Ogretmenliginde egitim gormekte olan 141 (68 bayan 73 bay) ogretmen adayi calisma grubunu olusturmustur. Calismanin modeli karma yontem olarak belirlenmistir. Ogretmen adaylarinin tutumlarini belirlemek icin arastirmacilar tarafindan hazirlanmis ogretmen adayi tutum olcegi kullanilmistir. Olcekte yer alan maddelerin genel ic tutarlilik katsayisi. 895 olarak bulunmustur. Ogretmen adayi goruslerini belirlemede frekans ve yuzde degerleri kullanilmistir. Yine ogretmen adaylarina arastirmaci tarafindan hazirlanmis acik uclu bilgi ve gorus sorularindan olusan anket formu uygulanmistir. Arastirma bulgularina gore ogretmen adaylari; yerel, kulturel miras ogelerinin sosyal bilgiler ogretiminde kullanimina olumlu bakmaktadirlar. Sosyal bilgiler dersi ile yerel kultur ogelerinin iliskilendirilebilecegi ve sosyal bilgiler ogretiminde yerel kulturel miras ogelerinin yararli olacagina dair tutum olcegi ifadelerine olumlu gorus bildirdikleri gozlemlenmistir.
Amplification of evanescent waves in a lossy left-handed material slab

We carry out finite-difference time-domain simulations, with a specially designed boundary condition, on pure evanescent waves interacting with a lossy left-handed material (LHM) slab. Our results provide the full-wave numerical evidence for the amplification of evanescent waves inside a LHM slab of finite absorption. The amplification is due to the interactions between the evanescent waves and the coupled surface polaritons at the two surfaces of the LHM slab and the physical process can be described by a simple model.
Early Warning Scores-Are We Doing it Right?

In the developing countries where critical care units are scarce, prioritization is necessary for optimal utilization of health care. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommended using a triage tool for the acutely ill patients admitted to hospital in 2007. There are many scoring systems available for triage in the ED as well identifying deteriorating patients in the ward setup. This is of special relevance to nurses who are frequently the first contact with the critically ill patients. But are the various scoring systems of any use in predicting deterioration early enough to be of benefit?
E-Learning Personalization Using Triple-Factor Approach in Standard-Based Education

E-Learning can be a tool in monitoring learning process and progress towards the targeted competency. Process and progress on every learner can be different one to another, since every learner may have different learning type. Learning type itself can be identified by taking into account learning style, motivation, and knowledge ability. This study explores personalization for learning type based on Triple-Factor Approach. Considering that factors in Triple-Factor Approach are dynamic, the personalization system needs to accommodate the changes that may occurs. Originated from the issue, this study proposed personalization that guides learner progression dynamically towards stages of their learning process. The personalization is implemented in the form of interventions that trigger learner to access learning contents and discussion forums more often as well as improve their level of knowledge ability based on their state of learning type.
An investigation of the effect of extroverted and introverted personalities on knowledge acquisition techniques

Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between personality traits (introversion versus extroversion) and knowledge acquisition (KA) techniques. Design/methodology/approach The major methodology of the current study is survey. Results are based on 152 usable responses provided by experts in different industries including electronic, communication, information technology, computer and biology. The major analytical technique used is Pearson correlation analysis. Findings According to the results, there are significant relationships between personality traits (i.e. introversion versus extroversion) and KA techniques. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted on data from 152 Iranian experts which limits the generalizability of the results. This limitation can be addressed by future studies conducting similar studies on cross-country samples. Further, due to the analytical technique adopted in this study, causality implications cannot be drawn from the results. Originality/value This study reveals linkages between personality traits (i.e. introversion versus extroversion) and KA techniques. Results shed light on the KA process for both scholars and practitioners involved in KA programs in the organizations.
Spectral prediction: a signals approach to computer architecture prefetching

Effective data prefetching requires accurate mechanisms to predict embedded patterns in the miss reference behavior. This dissertation introduces a novel technique Spectral Prediction that accurately identifies the pattern by dynamically adjusting to its frequency. The proposed technique exploits the fact that addresses in the reference stream follow definite frequencies and captures them using the recurrence distance information. In so doing, the patterns are successfully detected while the random noise is filtered. This dissertation describes two implementations of spectral prediction: Spectral Prefetcher (SP) and Differential-only Spectral Prefetcher (DOSP). The first implementation, SP, is adaptive in behavior and can capture either the pattern of addresses or the pattern of strides between the addresses within the cache miss stream. SP was designed as a proof-of-concept and provided productive insights for designing a more elegant implementation: DOSP, which is resource-efficient and offers better performance. The dissertation also includes simulation driven performance evaluations of SP and DOSP. Our results show that these implementations of spectral prediction achieve 4% to 400% performance improvement for memory-intensive programs running on an aggressive out-of-order processor with large caches and large branch predictor. Additionally, using a set of co-scheduled pairs of benchmarks on a dual-core CMP, we show that a 16KB on chip implementation of DOSP provides an average throughput improvement of 10% and at best by 86%.
A Finite Element Model for The Axon of Nervous Cells

This paper proposes a FEM model for a s egment of a nervous cell axon, which takes into account, through the so called Hodgkin-Huxley equations, the non linear and time varying dynamics of the membrane surrounding it. A combination with Maxwell equations is performed in a numerical procedure implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics ® environment. A thin layer approximated a lternative model is presented too, which proves to reduce calculus burden. Results are shown demonstrating a very good agreement with literature data for both the proposed approaches.
Library anxiety among non-native speakers of English

This paper attempts to highlight the factors causing anxiety among non-native speakers of English when using academic library resources, services and facilities. This is crucial now that academic libraries worldwide are increasingly building up their collections of electronic journals and databases, which are predominantly in the English language. Findings from studies among non-native speakers of English reveal that they are susceptible to anxiety factors, which are rarely reported in studies in the native English-speaking countries. Some of these barriers include: insufficient resources, language, retrieval, lack of library skills, technology, network, environment and services, computer and physical comfort, and emotional barriers. A search was conducted to analyze the literature published in Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) from 1986 until 2014 using the keyword ‘library anxiety’. The sample selected was limited to literature on non-native speakers of English. The distinct anxiety-causing factors typically reported in these studies are recommended to be included in the library anxiety measure for future research.
Learning from faculty voices on information literacy: Opportunities and challenges for undergraduate information literacy education

Purpose This paper aims to investigate faculty conceptions of information literacy (IL) in a digital information landscape by examining faculty definitions of IL in the context of undergraduate education, as well as faculty perceptions of, and expectations for, undergraduate IL knowledge and abilities. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative research study with 24 semi-structured interviews of faculty in different disciplines at a large public research university in Toronto, Ontario. Findings Faculty view IL as fundamentally intertwined with other academic literacies and as central for the successful pursuit of much undergraduate academic research work including developing autonomous, engaged learners. Faculty place special emphasis on fostering higher-order cognitive skills, especially developing a questioning disposition and the ability to evaluate, contextualize and synthesize information sources. Faculty see considerable scope for improvement of undergraduate IL capabilities, and a large majority see a role for themselves and librarians here. Practical implications Findings of this and other studies align well with core elements in the new IL guidelines and frameworks for higher education both in North America and the United Kingdom. This includes highlighting a need for a strong faculty role in shaping IL in higher education in the future, a need for a holistic lens in developing multiple academic literacies, an emphasis on high-order cognitive abilities and a recognition of the importance of affective dimensions of learning IL. Originality/value This paper fills a gap in the literature where there is an absence of studies, especially of a qualitative nature, which explore faculty conceptions of IL. A majority of studies published focus instead on librarian conceptions and practice.
Effects of Medium Access Control on the Capacity of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Xia, Heng. Effects of Medium Access Control on the Capacity of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. (Under the direction of Dr. Wenye Wang). As various wireless networks evolves into the next generation to provide better services, a key technology, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), has emerged recently. The dynamic topology, multi-hop transmission, and the nature of wireless channels create many challenging research topics in the area of MANETs. Recently, there has been work on determining the capacity of MANETs. The effects of some factors, such as node mobility, number of nodes, and transmission range, on the capacity of MANETs have been considered. In this work, we define and investigate the capacity of MANETs, considering the effects of medium access control (MAC). Since all the nodes in MANETs use a single or multiple channels to communicate, MAC plays an important role in coordinating channel access among nodes so that information gets through from one node to another. The MAC affects the capacity of MANETs in two aspects: collisions and spatial reuse. Three basic mechanisms are adopted to eliminate the incidence of collisions and maximize spatial reuse, i.e., carrier sense, handshake, and back-off. We define and use persistent probability, sensing range and back-off time to represent the effect of these mechanisms. The characteristics of MAC are thoroughly examined and an analytical solution for capacity evaluation is proposed. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effects of MAC, including carrier sense, handshake and back-off mechanism on the capacity of MANETs in terms of persistent probability, sensing range, and back-off time.
Foundational Frames: Descartes and Rand

ABSTRACT:This article closely compares the opposing foundations of theoretical philosophy in René Descartes and Ayn Rand. The developmental course of Rand's foundations, with their continual opposition to Descartes, is tracked. Arguments particularly against Descartes are assembled in this article, and the bountiful contemporary scholarship on Descartes is engaged.
Educators' Perceptions of Preparation and Practice for Teaching Algebra I to Students with Mathematical Learning Disabilities

Educators‟ Perceptions of Preparation and Practice for Teaching Algebra I to Students with Mathematical Learning Disabilities Sararose D. Lynch The purpose of this mixed methods study was to describe the current state of Algebra I instruction for students with mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) in West Virginia and teachers‟ preparation for this practice, as perceived by teachers. Further, this study examined the extent teachers‟ instructional practices for teaching students with MLD Algebra I aligned with best practices recommended in the research literature. Fifty-seven educators from West Virginia who taught Algebra I to students with Mathematical Learning Disabilities completed the Survey of Instructional Practices Implemented by Algebra I General and Special Educators When Educating Students with a MLD. In addition, a subset of five survey respondents participated in a telephone interview. Descriptive analyses were performed on the quantitative data, and correlations and relations were examined comparing teachers on demographic variables. The qualitative data analyses included conventional content analysis of the literature and open-ended survey responses, and directed content analysis of the interview transcripts. The results from this study described the varied current state of Algebra I instruction for students with MLD and teachers preparation for teaching Algebra I to students with MLD in West Virginia. Algebra I and Algebra Support educators reported the use of five literature recommended practices for Algebra I instruction to students with MLD during typical classroom instruction: (a) the use of technology, (b) cognitive instructional strategies, (c) explicit instruction, (d) graphic organizers, and (e) peer assisted learning. However, Algebra I and Algebra Support educators reported not using manipulatives or CRA as part of their typical classroom instruction. Further, correlations existed between specific educator characteristics and manipulative use.
Effects of Prior Knowledge in Mathematics on Learner-Interface Interactions in a Learning-by-Teaching Intelligent Tutoring System

This study attempted to determine the influence of prior knowledge in mathematics of students on learner-interface interactions in a learning-by-teaching intelligent tutoring system. One hundred thirty-nine high school students answered a pretest (i.e., the prior knowledge in mathematics) and a posttest. In between the pretest and posttest, they used the SimStudent, an intelligent tutoring system that follows a teaching-by-learning paradigm. The intervention period lasted for three consecutive days with 1 hour session each. SimStudent captured learner-interface interactions, such as time spent tutoring, number of quizzes conducted, and number of hints requested. It was disclosed that prior knowledge in term identification was the only skill that had a consistent, positive, and significant influence on learner-interface interaction with a SimStudent. Thus, the null hypothesis stating that prior knowledge in mathematics does not significantly influence interaction of students with a simulated student was partially rejected. It was concluded that the students may demonstrate or omit a skill, depending on their prior knowledge on identifying the terms of equations and the next step in solving equations. Recommendations and directions for future studies were presented.
French Face-to-Face Interaction: Repetition as a Multimodal Resource

In this chapter, after presenting the corpus as well as some of the annotations developed in the OTIM project, we then focus on the specific phenomenon of repetition. After briefly discussing this notion, we show that different degrees of convergence can be achieved by speakers depending on the multimodal complexity of the repetition and on the timing in between the repeated element and the model. Although we focus more specifically on the gestural level, we present a multimodal analysis of gestural repetitions in which we met several issues linked to multimodal annotations of any type. This gives an overview of crucial issues in crosslevel linguistic annotation, such as the definition of a phenomenon including formal and/or functional categorization.
Techniques and data structures for efficient information access and retrieval in distributed networks

Networks were designed and continue to exist to allow for fast and convenient access to remote data. With data scattered across a large network, there exists a fundamental challenge to efficiently find any sought data. This challenge is further complicated when the data is periodically relocated in the network, as is the case with wireless sensor networks. Thus, a solution to the problem necessitates a data structure with the ability to update in response to object relocations. A trivial solution to the problem uses a centralized directory responsible for knowing the location of all data at all times, and directing all querying nodes to the location of the data they seek. Dependence on one node to provide directions results in a single point of failure, and may cause some queries to be unnecessarily long, especially when the sought data lies at a node topologically close to the querying node. A better solution to the problem uses a distributed directory, where all queries are answered quickly regardless of the whereabouts of the querying and storing nodes. In this thesis, we provide significant improvements to previous distributed directory solutions by creating innovative algorithms that improve the structural properties of sparse covers, the underlying data structure from which a directory is built. Specifically, we improve directory performance to Stretch find = O(log n) and Stretchmove = O(log n) for H-minor free graphs (a savings of log n in each measure), and Stretchfind = O (1) and Stretchmove = O(log n) for planar graphs, unit disk graphs, and other graphs with a constant-stretch planar spanner (an additional savings of log n in Stretchfind). Once data is located in the network, it must then be retrieved (delivered). In a simple world, this delivery would be between a single source and a single destination. The possibilities for delivery techniques increase greatly when there are many sources and destinations, like in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. P2P networks have gained much attention in recent years due to their scalability and fault-tolerance, and also their potential to drastically reduce distributor transit costs. In order to study the dynamics and causal relationships between peer entities in these complex overlay networks, we have developed a flow-based discrete-event simulator and abstract Internet topology model that accurately and realistically model today's broadband service, at a scale larger than previous efforts. Specifically, our model can scale to hundreds of thousands of peers, where prior efforts peak at only a few thousand. Using detailed simulations, we have improved the efficiency of data dissemination and reduced distributor transit costs for both the time-insensitive mass-download scenario and the real-time streaming scenario.