Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knee joint mechanics and semitendinosus muscle morphology in spastic paresis

In several neurologic disorders and muscle injuries, morphological changes of the musculus semitendinosus (ST) are presumed to contribute to movement limitations around the knee. Freehand three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US), using position tracking of two-dimensional US images to reconstruct a 3D voxel array, can be used to assess muscle morphology in vivo. The aims of this study were (1) to introduce a newly developed 3D US protocol for ST and (2) provide a first comparison of morphological characteristics determined by 3D US with those measured on dissected cadaveric muscles. Morphological characteristics of ST (e.g. muscle belly length, tendon length, fascicle length and whole muscle volume and volumes of both compartments) were assessed in six cadavers using a 3D US protocol. Subsequently, ST muscles were removed from the body to measure the same morphological characteristics. Mean differences between morphological characteristics measured by 3D US and after dissection were smaller than 10%. ICCs were higher than 0.75 for all variables except for the lengths of proximal fascicles (ICC=0.58). Measurement of volume of proximal compartment by 3D US were not feasible, due to low US image quality proximally. We conclude that the presented 3D US protocol allows for reasonably accurate measurements of key morphological characteristics of ST muscle.
Histological Studies Of The Effects Of Oral Administration Of Damiana (Turnera Diffusa) On The Liver Of Mature Wistar Rats

Histological studies of the effect of oral administration of Damiana extract on the liver of mature wistar rats was carried out at the Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Kwara State between December 2002 and July 2003. This study involved the oral administration of 0.52mg Damiana extract daily on various days. The experimental animals were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C, D) of five each with the D as control. The rats in group A received 0.52mg in 1ml of Damiana extract for a day, those in group B 0.52mg Damiana extract in 1ml daily for a period of five days, while those in group C got 0.52mg/ml Damiana for ten days. The animals were sacrificed at the end of each experiment and the liver sections were obtained for routine histological investigation. Histological changes observed in the liver sections included dilatation of the central veins, cyto-architectural distortions of the hepatocytes, vacuolations, sparse and scattered sinusoids in the treated liver sections. Our results suggest that the liver functions could also have been adversely affected due to the distortion of the cyto-architecture and sparse and scattered sinusoid of the liver. It is recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating these observations be carried out. Keywords : Damiana, Histological effect, Liver, Wistar rats. Annals of Biomedical Science Vol. 2 (2) 2003: pp. 99-106
Memantine for Alcohol Dependence: An Open-label Pilot Study

BackgroundGlutamatergic function, particularly that mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence. Preclinical and human laboratory studies of memantine, an NMDA-receptor channel blocker, suggest that it may reduce alcohol consumption. MethodsWe conducted an 8-week, open-label study of memantine to examine its potential utility in promoting reduced drinking or abstinence in 20 alcohol-dependent individuals (mean age=50.1 y, 12 women). Memantine was administered orally, initially at a dosage of 5 mg/d, with weekly increases of 5 mg/d to a target dosage of 20 mg/d. Subjects also received 7 coping skills therapy sessions. ResultsMost subjects (n=16 or 80%) achieved the maximal dosage and completed treatment (n=17 or 85%). Memantine was generally well tolerated, with no serious adverse events. During the course of the study, subjects reported significantly reduced drinking days, heavy drinking days, and mean drinks/wk, and also reduced urge to drink and alcohol-related consequences (all P's<0.02). ConclusionsMemantine at a dosage of 20 mg/d is well tolerated in alcohol-dependent individuals. Because it is not possible from this study to draw a firm conclusion regarding the efficacy of memantine to reduce drinking, further evaluation of the medication as a treatment for alcohol dependence is warranted.
Trust Theory: A Socio-Cognitive and Computational Model

This book provides an introduction, discussion, and formal-based modelling of trust theory and its applications in agent-based systems This book gives an accessible explanation of the importance of trust in human interaction and, in general, in autonomous cognitive agents including autonomous technologies. The authors explain the concepts of trust, and describe a principled, general theory of trust grounded on cognitive, cultural, institutional, technical, and normative solutions. This provides a strong base for the authors discussion of role of trust in agent-based systems supporting human-computer interaction and distributed and virtual organizations or markets (multi-agent systems). Key Features: Provides an accessible introduction to trust, and its importance and applications in agent-based systems Proposes a principled, general theory of trust grounding on cognitive, cultural, institutional, technical, and normative solutions. Offers a clear, intuitive approach, and systematic integration of relevant issues Explains the dynamics of trust, and the relationship between trust and security Offers operational definitions and models directly applicable both in technical and experimental domains Includes a critical examination of trust models in economics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and AI This book will be a valuable reference for researchers and advanced students focused on information and communication technologies (computer science, artificial intelligence, organizational sciences, and knowledge management etc.), as well as Web-site and robotics designers, and for scholars working on human, social, and cultural aspects of technology. Professionals of ecommerce systems and peer-to-peer systems will also find this text of interest.
Cryptology for digital TV broadcasting

Digital TV broadcasting needs new cryptological tools for conditional access, copyright protection and image authentication. The aim of this paper is to overview the corresponding systems' features. The description of a conditional access system is given. It is shown that equitable systems need the use of a trusted third party. The design of efficient copyright protection by watermarking images and image authentication by signatures are also briefly discussed. >
Meaning and the English Verb

Acknowledgements Key to Sumbols Preface to Third Edition Introduction 1. Simple Present and Past Tenses 2. Progressive Aspect 3. The Expression of Past Time 4. The Expression of Future Time 5. The Primary Modal Auxillaries 6. Modality Continued 7. Indirect Speech 8. Mood: Theoretical and Hypothetical Meaning Further Reading Index
Correlation of high-resolution computed tomography temporal bone findings with intra-operative findings in patients with cholesteatoma

Aim: To evaluate the role of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) temporal bone in patients with active squamosal chronic otitis media (COM). Materials and Methods: Totally, 47 patients with active squamosal COM underwent preoperative HRCT temporal bone followed by surgery. Their intra-operative findings were considered as the gold standard and were compared and correlated with the radiological findings, to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of HRCT temporal bone. Results: According to the present study, HRCT was highly sensitive for detecting mastoid pneumatization, soft tissue extension, ossicular erosion, tegmen and sigmoid sinus erosion, and less sensitive for fallopian canal erosion and lateral sinus fistula. It was specific for all these parameters. Conclusion: The present study concludes that HRCT can be recommended not only in cases suspected with potential complications but also in all cases of COM to know the extent of disease, varied pneumatization, and the presence of anatomical variations, which should alert the clinician and guide in surgical approach and treatment plan.
Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis: Infrequent Human Pathogen or Public Health Threat?

People with Crohn’s disease (CD) are seven-fold more likely to have in their gut tissues the bacterium that causes a digestive-tract disease in cattle called Johne’s disease. The role this bacterium may or may not play in causing CD is a top research priority. This report points out that the cause of Crohn’s disease is unknown, and the possible role of this bacterium, which could conceivably be passed up the food chain to people, has received too little attention from the research community.
PENGARUH PIJAT PUNGGUNG MENGGUNAKAN MINYAK ESENSIAL LAVENDER TERHADAP PRODUKSI ASI PASCA BEDAH SESAR DI RSUD PANEMBAHAN SENOPATI BANTUL

PENGARUH PIJAT PUNGGUNG MENGGUNAKAN MINYAK ESENSIAL LAVENDER TERHADAP PRODUKSI ASI PASCA BEDAH SESAR DI RSUD PANEMBAHAN SENOPATI BANTUL Venny Vidayanti Dosen Program Studi S-1 Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Respati Yogyakarta ABSTRAK Pendahuluan : Ibu pasca bedah sesar dapat mengalami beberapa komplikasi pasca pembedahan antara lain nyeri, ketidaknyamanan, kelemahan, stres dan ansietas. Hambatan menyusui dini akibat proses pemulihan, rasa nyeri, kecemasan, dan hambatan mobilisasi menyebabkan penundaan Laktogenesis II. Pijat punggung menggunakan minyak esensial lavender merupakan salah satu intervensi keperawatan yang diharapkan membantu ibu post partum meningkatkan produksi ASI sehingga mampu mendukung pemberian ASI eksklusif bagi bayi baru lahir. Tujuan: Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pijat punggung menggunakan minyak esensial lavender terhadap produksi ASI pasca bedah sesar di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul . Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah ”quasi experiment with post test -only non equivalent control group design ”. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan consecutive sampling. Total sampel sebanyak 64 responden terbagi menjadi dua kelompok (pijat punggung menggunakan minyak lavender, menggunakan VCO dan kelompok kontrol). Intervensi pemijatan dilakukan mulai 24 jam pasca pembedahan dan dilakukan selama 3 hari dengan frekuensi 2 kali sehari. Analisis bivariat menggunakan chi square dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05 untuk mengetahui signifikansi hubungan kedua variabel dan menghitung rasio odds pada kedua kelompok. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kelancaran produksi ASI antara kelompok pijat punggung menggunakan minyak esensial lavender dan kelompok kontrol dengan p-value 0,007 dan OR sebesar 4,84(95%CI:1,68-13,93) Kesimpulan : Intervensi pijat punggung menggunakan minyak esensial lavender berpengaruh terhadap produksi ASI pasca bedah sesar. Ibu yang mendapatkan intervensi pijat punggung menggunakan minyak esensial lavender berpeluang mengalami kelancaran produksi ASI 4,84 kali dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Kata Kunci : Produksi ASI, Lavender, Pijat punggung, Bedah Sesar
The sexual experience and marital adjustment of genitally circumcised and infibulated females in the Sudan.

In a study conducted over a 5‐year period, the author interviewed over 300 Sudanese women and 100 Sudanese men on the sexual experience of circumcised and infibulated women. Sudanese circumcision involves excision of the clitoris, the labia minora and the inner layers of the labia majora, and fusion or infibulation of the bilateral wound. The findings of this study indicate that sexual desire, pleasure, and orgasm are experienced by the majority of women who have been subjected to this extreme sexual mutilation, in spite of their also being culturally bound to hide these experiences. These findings also seriously question the importance of the clitoris as an organ that must be stimulated in order to produce female orgasm, as is often maintained in Western sexological literature.
Shifting Standards: Experiments in Particle Physics in the Twentieth Century

In Shifting Standards, Allan Franklin provides an overview of notable experiments in particle physics. Using papers published in Physical Review, the journal of the American Physical Society, as his basis, Franklin details the experiments themselves, their data collection, the events witnessed, and the interpretation of results. From these papers, he distils the dramatic changes to particle physics experimentation from 1894 through 2009. Franklin develops a framework for his analysis, viewing each example according to exclusion and selection of data; possible experimenter bias; details of the experimental apparatus; size of the data set, apparatus, and number of authors; rates of data taking along with analysis and reduction; distinction between ideal and actual experiments; historical accounts of previous experiments; and personal comments and style. From Millikan's tabletop oil-drop experiment to the Compact Muon Solenoid apparatus measuring approximately 4,000 cubic meters (not including accelerators) and employing over 2,000 authors, Franklin's study follows the decade-by-decade evolution of scale and standards in particle physics experimentation. As he shows, where once there were only one or two collaborators, now it literally takes a village. Similar changes are seen in data collection: in 1909 Millikan's data set took 175 oil drops, of which he used 23 to determine the value of e, the charge of the electron; in contrast, the 1988-1992 E791 experiment using the Collider Detector at Fermilab, investigating the hadroproduction of charm quarks, recorded 20 billion events. As we also see, data collection took a quantum leap in the 1950s with the use of computers. Events are now recorded at rates as of a few hundred per second, and analysis rates have progressed similarly. Employing his epistemology of experimentation, Franklin deconstructs each example to view the arguments offered and the correctness of the results. Overall, he finds that despite the metamorphosis of the process, the role of experimentation has remained remarkably consistent through the years: to test theories and provide factual basis for scientific knowledge, to encourage new theories, and to reveal new phenomenon.
Nutritional Status, Nutritional Habit and Breakfast Intake in Relation to IQ among Primary School Children in Baghdad City, Iraq

2 Abstract: Nutrition for children especially during the development stage is crucial. A lot of studies have been done to observe the effects of nutrition on child cognition development but the situation in Iraq is absolutely different. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Baghdad city, Iraq to assess the nutritional status and nutritional habit of primary school children and to relate it with their Intelligence Quotient (IQ) score using standardized tools. The prevalence of malnutrition was 12.1% among Iraqi children. Nutritional status, nutritional habit and breakfast intake were significantly associated with children intelligence (p = <0.001, <0.001, <0.001) respectively. Malnutrition among children is still to be a public health issue in Iraq and it is affecting the child cognitive function and academic performance at school.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of head and neck in children

Combined systematic therapy offers the best chance of cure for children with rhabdomyosarcoma originating in the head and neck. Recommended therapy includes: 1. local excision or biopsy; 2. radiation therapy with doses of 6,000 rads/6 weeks, and 3. multi‐drug chemotherapy, i.e., vincristine sulfate, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide. Severe ocular, dental, soft tissue, and possibly bone complications may be encountered. Provision for prompt medical and nursing support must be available for possible associated morbidity. Of 19 patients treated, minimum 2‐year survival is 74%, and local control 89%. Late recurrences or complications require further follow‐up.
Improving medication adherence in older adults prescribed polypharmacy

v PUBLICATIONS.vii CHAPTER 1: General introduction . 1 1.1 Medicines use in older adults . 2 1.2 Adherence to long-term treatments . 4 1.3 Introduction to behaviour change and behaviour change interventions . 10 1.4 Interventions to improve medication adherence in older adults . 11 1.5 Developing and evaluating complex behaviour change interventions. 16 1.6 Overview of research presented in this thesis . 28 CHAPTER 2: A systematic review of theory-based adherence interventions delivered to older adults prescribed polypharmacy . 30 2.
Discontinuity in conversational speech : an investigation of some theoretical problems and their analysis

The occurrence of discontinuity in conversational speech raises a variety of theoretical problems for the study of verbal communication. According to the dominant explanatory models of language, discontinuities in the form of pauses, self-corrections, repeats, false starts, and the like are errors'of language performance. Consequently, when, inconversational speech, discontinuities do occur, it is natural that questions should arise regarding (a) why they occur and (b) given that they do occur, how speakers and hearers are able to deal with them. It is argued that no coherent answers may be offered to these questions under the prevalent conceptualization of discontinuity. As a feature of verbal performance, discontinuity has been studied primarily by researchers from the related disciplines of psychology, sociology, ethnomethodology, and discourse analysis. Although the explanatory approaches differ greatly, there is an underlying presuppositional unity to them. Whether discontinuity is studied as an indication of the speaker's cognitive processing, as a feature of social differentiation, or as an essential aspect of the speaker and hearer's ~ management of conversational interaction, it is always assumed that discontinuities occur as the result of speaker error. This assumption, in turn, is shown to be derived from an unrecognised written-language (or 'scriptist') bias in the study of verbal communication. This conceptual bias, it is argued, is a shared weakness in the otherwise differing theoretical approaches to the explanation of discontinuity in conversational speech. The theoretical discussion of the thesis is supplemented by an appendix containing a selection of transcribed examples of discontinuities compiled with the aid of a computer concordance program. These examples are used as comparative evidence throughout the central chapters of the thesis. Discontinuity in Conversational Speech: an investigation of some theoretical problems and their analysis. Talbot J. Taylor Trinity College Thesis submitted for the degree of D.Phil, in Michaelmas term, 1981.
A manual for repertory grid technique

About the Authors. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. The Basis of Repertory Grid Technique. Grids: What Are They? The Grid as Part of Personal Construct Theory. Grids: a Measure of What? Grids are about Constructs. Some Personal Construct Theory Corollaries. Different Kinds of Construct. Constructs in Transition. Conclusions. 2. Constructs And Elements. What is an Element? What is a Construct? Elements in a Grid. The Nature and Types of Constructs in a Grid. Ways of Eliciting Personal Constructs from 'Elements'. Eliciting Personal Constructs in Ways other than from 'Elements'. Eliciting Constructs from Constructs. To Elicit or to Supply Constructs? Classification of Constructs. Which are more Important in a Grid - Elements or Constructs? Constructs and Elements: the Debate. Comment. 3. Varieties Of Grid In Use Today. The Grid Form of the Role Construct Repertory Test. The Split-Half Method of Allocating Elements. A Grid Using Rankings. A Grid Using Ratings. Implications and Resistance-to-Change Grids. Resistance-to-Change Grid. A Bipolar Implications Grid. Dependency Grid. A Textual Grid. A Qualitative Grid. Comment. 4. Analyzing Grid Data. Repertory Grids. Analyzing Constructs. Analyzing Elements. Joint Representations of Constructs and Elements. Representations of Multiple Repertory Grid Data. Dependency Grids. Implications Grids. Comments. 5. Some Summary Measures Of Structure. Cognitive Complexity. Extremity and Ordination. Conflict. Element Indices. Measures of Superordinacy. Measures of Intransitivity. Implications Grids. Dependency Grids. Comment. 6. Reliability and Validity. Reliability. Conclusions. Validity. Conclusions. 7. Specific Ways Of Using Grids. The Individual and the Grid. A Decision-Making Grid. Wholly or Partially Standardized Grid Formats. Conclusions. 8. Some Uses To Which Grids Have Been Put. Grids in General. In the Clinical Setting. Working with Children. Teachers and Teaching. The Construing of Professionals. Those With Learning Difficulties. Social Relationships. Language. Dependency. The Use and Abuse of Drugs. The Family. Forensic Work. Maps, Planning and Environment. Market Research. Politics. Careers. Sport. Organizational and Business Applications. More Unusual Uses of Grids. Appendix Computer Programs and Websites. References. Author Index. Subject Index.
Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Status and Fibromyalgia

Objectives: Several biological findings reported in fibromyalgia [FMS], support a “free radicals hypothesis” justifying appropriate investigations in this condition.Methods: Plasma or erythrocytes malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls [PC], nitric oxide [NO] as well as antioxidant parameters such as vitamin A, vitamin E, thiols, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase, were assessed in 28 FMS patients [mean age 40 years] and 20 age-matched controls.Results: Protein carbonyls [P < 0.01] were significantly increased. Thiols [P < 0.01], were significantly decreased and correlated with PC [R = − 0.44, P < 0.05]. Nitric oxide [P < 0.01] was significantly decreased.Conclusions: Increased protein peroxidation, associated with thiol abnormalities and decreased plasma NO levels are demonstrated in FMS.
SYSTEM THEORETIC FORMALISMS FOR COMBINED DISCRETE-CONTINUOUS SYSTEM SIMULATION

In this paper we present an approach to combined discrete-continuous modelling which can be used to model and simulate an intelligent multi-layer control architecture as can be found in high autonomy systems. The modelling approach is based on system theoretical concepts; the three system specification formalisms-differential equation, discrete time, and the discrete event system specification formalism-have been combined to facilitate multi-formalisms modelling. Simulation concepts are based on the abstract simulator concept for discrete event simulation developed by Zeigler. Similar simulation methods have been developed to simulate modular, hierarchical discrete time and differential equation specified systems as well as multi-formalism models. Included in the paper are several examples of multi-formalism models together with the simulation results from the STIMS environment-an implementation of the modelling and simulation concepts in Interlisp-D/LOOPS.