Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edge modes in self-gravitating disc–planet interactions

ABSTRACT We study the stability of gaps opened by a giant planet in a self-gravitating proto-planetary disc. We ﬁnd a linear instability associated with both the self-gravity of thedisc and local vortensity maxima which coincide with gap edges. For our models, theseedge modes develop and extend to twice the orbital radius of a Saturn mass planetin discs with total masses M d &0.06M ∗ where M ∗ is the central stellar mass, corre-sponding to a Toomre Q.1. 5 at twice the planet’s orbital radius. The disc models,although massive, are such that they are stable in the absence of the planet. Unlikethe previously studied local vortex forming instabilities associated with gap edges inweakly or non-self-gravitating discs with low viscosity, the edge modes we consider areglobal and exist only in suﬃciently massive discs, but for the typical viscosity valuesadopted for protoplanetary discs.It is shown through analytic modelling and linear calculations that edge modesmay be interpreted as a localised disturbance associated with a gap edge inducingactivity in the extended disc, through the launching of density waves excited throughgravitational potential perturbation at Lindblad resonances. We also perform hydro-dynamic simulations in order to investigate the evolution of edge modes in the linearand nonlinear regimes in disc-planet systems. The form and growth rates of developingunstable modes are found to be consistent with linear theory. Their dependence onviscosity and gravitational softening is also explored.We also performed a ﬁrst study of the eﬀect of edge modes on disc-planet torquesand the orbital migration of the planet. We found that if edge modes develop, thenthe average torque on the planet becomes more positive with increasing disc mass. Insimulations where the planet was allowedto migrate, although a fast type III migrationcould be seen that was similar to that seen in non self-gravitating discs, we found thatit was possible for the planet to interact gravitationallywith the spiral arms associatedwith an edge mode and that this could result in the planet being scattered outwards.Thus orbital migration is likely to be complex and non monotonic in massive discs ofthe type we consider.Keywords: planetarysystems: formation— planetarysystems: protoplanetarydisks
Jordanian Criteria for Islamic Banks Selection. Evidence from the Jordanian Banking Sector

This study aims to investigate the criteria of Islamic bank selection for Jordanian customers. In order to achieve this goal, the study tested the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the ranking of banking selection factors as perceived by customers of Islamic banks in Jordan, in order to answer the following questions: what are the criteria that Jordanian customers highly regard when choosing an Islamic bank? , and what is the ranking of importance of the criteria that affect the decision of choosing the Islamic bank in a dual-banking systems as in Jordan? Using Friedman Test the preliminary data, which were collected using a questionnaire were analyzed. The finding of this study has shown that the selection of Islamic banks seems to be primarily a mixture of all the 12 criteria that have been tested. In terms of importance, the study showed that friendly personnel, Islamic reputation and image, and product price are in the top three, in order, as expressed by the study sample, while factors like location being near home or work, convenience and environmental practice and impact seem to be the least significant factors by participants when choosing an Islamic bank. One of the most important finding of this study is that Islamic banks in Jordan cannot attract their customers by the religion aspect only; it would require Islamic banks to properly understand the needs and expectations of existing and prospective customers.
The effects of high and low altitudes on conjunctival flora in sport and work horses: a field study in the Northeast Anatolia Region of Turkey (Kars and Iğdır).

The purpose of this study was to identify the conjunctival microflora in healthy horses living at various altitudes and used for both sports as well as work activities, and determine the predispositions they may cause in terms of ocular diseases. A total of 400 eyes of 200 horses (50 sports and 50 work horses living at high altitudes, and likewise, 50 sports and 50 work horses living at low altitudes) aged 6 year (min: 5, max: 13) of English and Arabian and native breed from both sexes were clinically and ophthalmoscopically examined, and swab samples were taken from the conjunctival recesses of horses with no eye problems. After microbiological examinations, bacteria was isolated in 125 (31.2%) of the 400 swab samples, while fungi was isolated in 194 (48.5%) of the samples. It was determined that the isolated bacteria were mostly Gram-positive (71.5%) with Staphylococcus spp. being the most frequently isolated and Bacillus spp. the second-most frequently isolated. In terms of fungi isolation, Yeast were the most isolated with a rate of 39.6%, Penicillium spp. were the second-most isolated with 22.6% and Aspergillus spp. were the third-most isolated with 17.5%. The most effective antibiotics on isolated bacteria were determined as cephalosporin, oxytetracycline, lincomycin/neomycin (L/N) and ceftiofur. It was concluded that the data collected from the study, taken into consideration as reference values, could help in the creation of a more effective treatment protocol in the case of an eye infection. It was also concluded that it is necessary to carefully evaluate the bacteria and fungi that are identified in horses used for these activities, both during check-ups and with regard to creating a treatment plan when an inflammatory eye problem occurs.
Myokine secretion in cultured human skeletal muscle cells

It is well established that exercise protect againsts chronic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes (DM2), dementia and depression. It is unclear how contracting skeletal muscles mediate metabolic positive effects on health. One of the possible explanations for the health benefit of exercise can be that regular muscle contractions mediate important messengers; myokines. Experiments have shown an increased IL-6 concentration in plasma following skeletal muscle contraction. IL-6 is being released from skeletal muscle following a meal. This suggest that myokine release can also be modulated with diet. In the present study cultured human myotubes (an in vitro model for skeletal muscle) were incubated in serum-free medium with and without energy-carrying metabolites for different periods of time. The purpose was to investigate the release of peptides and proteins by cultured human myotubes and further study the effect of energycarrying metabolites on the release. The release of proteins was analyzed by the use of ELISAs and proteomic analysis performed on conditioned media from the cultured human myotubes. The inhibitor Brefeldin A was used to explore whether the release of proteins was due to secretion or leakage. The results show that cultured human myotubes release the proteins interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), and that the release perhaps can be influenced by different energy-carrying metabolites. The mean concentration of the different proteins measured in the media was generally lower when the myotubes were incubated in media containing the inhibitor Brefeldin A (BFA), indicating that the release of proteins from myotubes is due to secretion. Our studies support the theory that myotubes release proteins with hormonal functions, and that the release might be influenced by energy-carrying metabolites.
Central and Peripheral Fatigue Related to the Type of Exercise

Athletes are exposed to high-intensity loads to promote athletic performance, however without appropriate evaluation for its effects. This study investigates the effects of four types of exhaustion exercises on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Poincaré features as markers of central fatigue; Creatine Kinase (CK) and blood lactate concentrations ([LA-]b) as biomarkers of peripheral fatigue. To achieve this purpose, ten healthy volunteers were exposed to exhaustive exercise using isotonic-, isometric-, aerobic-, and anaerobic-fatigue protocols. HRV Poincaré features, standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat R-R interval variability (SD1) and standard deviation of continuous long-term R-R interval variability (SD2) variables were collected. Central fatigue was tested through the sympathetic stress index (SS) and the sympathetic and parasympathetic index (SS/SD1). Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the exercises to determine CK and [LA-]b. The SD1 decreased in each exercise protocol, while the SS and SS/SD1 increased. [LA-]b and CK increased at the end of each protocol and correlated with SD1 and SS/SD1. HRV, CK, and [LA-]b are acute markers to detect, both central and peripheral fatigue; sensitive to the type, duration, and intensity of exercise, being HRV a novel noninvasive marker, simple and useful for sports coaches and athletes.
Bacterial community survey of sediments at Naracoorte Caves, Australia

Bacterial diversity in sediments at UNESCO World Heritage listed Naracoorte Caves was surveyed as part of an investigation carried out in a larger study on assessing microbial communities in caves. Cave selection was based on tourist accessibility; Stick Tomato and Alexandra Cave (> 15000 annual visits) and Strawhaven Cave was used as control (no tourist access). Microbial analysis showed that Bacillus was the most commonly detected microbial genus by culture dependent and independent survey of tourist accessible and inaccessible areas of show (tourist accessible) and control caves
THE X-RAY FLARING PROPERTIES OF Sgr A* DURING SIX YEARS OF MONITORING WITH SWIFT

Starting in 2006, Swift has been targeting a region of ≃ 21′ × 21′ around Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) with the onboard X-Ray Telescope. The short, quasi-daily observations offer a unique view of the long-term X-ray behavior of the supermassive black hole. We report on the data obtained between 2006 February and 2011 October, which encompasses 715 observations with a total accumulated exposure time of ≃0.8 Ms. A total of six X-ray flares were detected with Swift, which all had an average 2–10 keV luminosity of LX ≃ (1 − 3) × 1035 erg s−1 (assuming a distance of 8 kpc). This more than doubles the number of such bright X-ray flares observed from Sgr A*. One of the Swift-detected flares may have been softer than the other five, which would indicate that flares of similar intensity can have different spectral properties. The Swift campaign allows us to constrain the occurrence rate of bright (LX ≳ 1035 erg s−1) X-ray flares to be ≃0.1–0.2 day−1, which is in line with previous estimates. This analysis of the occurrence rate and properties of the X-ray flares seen with Swift offers an important calibration point to assess whether the flaring behavior of Sgr A* changes as a result of its interaction with the gas cloud that is projected to make a close passage in 2013.
DO PREDATOR CHEMICAL CUES AFFECT OVIPOSITION SITE SELECTION IN NEWTS

Predation on larval stages has been reported to play an important role in structuring amphibian communities, and for this reason the choice of suitable oviposition places is likely to influence newt fitness. In this study, we assessed whether females of four newt species - marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus), alpine newt (T. alpestris), palmate newt (T. helveticus) and Boscas newt (T. boscai) - avoid chemical cues of predatory brown trout ( Salmo trutta) in selecting their oviposition site. In laboratory tests, individual females were allowed to choose their oviposition site between places with water conditioned by fish chemicals and others with unconditioned water. T. marmoratus females selected preferentially tubs without predator cues as oviposition sites, whereas the other three species did not show significant preference under these conditions. Absence of chemical recognition capabilities, strong philopatry towards oviposition site or predator avoidance based in habitat characteristics are suggested as possible causes of the lack of chemical predator avoidance detected in this experiment.
In Silico Study of Hydroxyapatite and Bioglass®: How Computational Science Sheds Light on Biomaterials

Hydroxyapatite and Bioglass® are two well-known biomaterials, belonging to the vast class of ceramic supplies, both highly biocompatible and widely applied in the biomedical field. In spite of a huge research regarding engineering applications of both inorganic materials, still many aspects of their tissue integration mechanism have not been completely cleared at a molecular level. Thus, in silico studies play a fundamental role in the prediction and analysis of the main interactions occurring at the surface of these biomaterials in contact with the biological fluid when incorporated in the living tissue (prevalently bones or teeth). Hydroxyapatite [HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] owes its relevance and use as a biomaterial since it constitutes the majority of the mineral phase of bones and tooth enamel in mammalians (Young & Brown, 1982). For sake of completeness, we mention that hydroxyapatite is also studied as an environmental adsorbent of metals and a catalyst (Matsumura & Moffat, 1996; Toulhat et al., 1996). One of the first applications of HA in biomedicine dates back to 1969, when Levitt et al. hot-pressed it in powders for biological experimentations (Levitt et al., 1969). From then on, several commercial forms of HA have appeared on the market. The material has also been utilized for preparing apatitic bioceramic, due to its bioresorbability which can be modulated changing the degree of cristallinity. There are so many examples of applications, from Mg2+-substituted hydroxyapatite (Roveri & Palazzo, 2006) to the synthesis of porous hydroxyapatite materials by colloidal processing (Tadic et al., 2004), starch consolidation (Rodriguez-Lorenzo et al., 2002), gel casting (Padilla et al., 2002) and more. Furthermore, recent applications follow a biologically inspired criterion to combine HA to a collagen matrix aiming at the improvement of mechanical properties and bioactivity (Wahl et al., 2007). However, a complete review of all the practical as well as hypothetical uses of HA in the biomaterial area is outside the scope of this Chapter. Inside the bone, a highly hierarchical collagen-mineral composite, hydroxyapatite is in the form of nano-sized mineral platelets (Currey, 1998; Fratzl et al., 2004; Weiner & Wagner, 1998) and contains carbonate ions for the 4-8 weight % (Roveri & Palazzo, 2006). In section 2.1 of this Chapter, two aspects of defects which can be encountered in a synthetic or natural HA sample will be presented. The first aspect deals with non-stoichiometric surfaces and
Effect of abscisic acid on biochemical constituents, enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidant status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under varied irrigation regimes

Abstract Economically important vegetable crop lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) of family Asteraceae was selected for the present investigation. It is being cultivated in UAE due to its commercial importance. In lettuce cultivation, the major problem is the requirement of large quantities of irrigation water. The present study was aimed to reduce the water consumption of lettuce cultivation; for that, a varied irrigation regime was used with the application of abscisic acid (ABA). The parameters studied were biochemical constituents, antioxidant potential and antioxidant enzymes’ activities in lettuce plants under drought stress and its response to ABA under stress. Drought stress caused an increase in the biochemical constituents like proline and amino acid contents when compared with control and also increased under individual ABA treatments and treatments under drought stress. The non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules like ascorbate and α-tocopherol showed significant increase under drought condition in lettuce. ABA slightly reduced these contents. The antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase showed significant increase under drought condition and ABA caused significant enhancement in these antioxidant enzymes under drought stress and also in unstressed conditions, thereby protecting the plants from the deleterious effects of drought stress. From the results of this investigation, it can be concluded that ABA in 10 mg g−1 can be used as a potential tool to minimise the drought stress effects in lettuce cultivation.
Semi-supervised Adaptation of Assistant Based Speech Recognition Models for different Approach Areas

Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) replace paper flight strips through different digital solutions. The instructed commands from an air traffic controller (ATCos) are then available in computer readable form. However, those systems require manual controller inputs, i.e. ATCos' workload increases. The Active Listening Assistant (AcListant®) project has shown that Assistant Based Speech Recognition (ABSR) is a potential solution to reduce this additional workload. However, the development of an ABSR application for a specific target-domain usually requires a large amount of manually transcribed audio data in order to achieve task-sufficient recognition accuracies. MALORCA project developed an initial basic ABSR system and semi-automatically tailored its recognition models for both Prague and Vienna approaches by machine learning from automatically transcribed audio data. Command recognition error rates were reduced from 7.9% to under 0.6% for Prague and from 18.9% to 3.2% for Vienna.
Tight closure and strong F-regularity

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Title: Correlation Between Diagnostic Yield from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Analysis and Clinicoradiological Findings in Sarcoidosis Short title: Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Sarcoidosis

Objective: The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is challenging at most times, requiring a search for lessinvasive, more reliable diagnostic methods. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis has been used in the differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis for many years with a wide sensitivity and specificity rates. The objective of the study is to investigate whether diagnostic performance of BALF analysis is altered by clinicoradiological findings of sarcoidosis patients. Material and Methods: The present study is a retrospective, single center, observational study designed in a sarcoidosis outpatient clinic in a training hospital. Patients who had undergone BAL procedure at diagnosis were included in the study. Demographics, clinical and detailed chest X-ray and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings at diagnosis were recorded. According to diagnostic performance, BALF results were Grouped as `diagnostic` and `non-diagnostic` and recorded parameters were compared between the Groups. Results: Of all the 257 patients’ BALF analysis, the mean lymphocyte ratio was 41±17.5 (5-80) and the mean CD4/CD8 was 5.5±4.7 (0.1-24.7). BALF analysis was diagnostic in 56 % (n=145). Diagnostic performance of the procedure did not correlate with any of the demographics, smoking status,
Parallel adaptive high-order CFD simulations characterising SOFIA cavity acoustics

ABSTRACT This paper presents large-scale parallel computational fluid dynamics simulations for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). SOFIA is an airborne, 2.5-m infrared telescope mounted in an open cavity in the aft fuselage of a Boeing 747SP. These simulations focus on how the unsteady flow field inside and over the cavity interferes with the optical path and mounting structure of the telescope. A temporally fourth-order accurate Runge–Kutta, and a spatially fifth-order accurate WENO-5Z scheme were used to perform implicit large eddy simulations. An immersed boundary method provides automated gridding for complex geometries and natural coupling to a block-structured Cartesian adaptive mesh refinement framework. Strong scaling studies using NASA's Pleiades supercomputer with up to 32 k CPU cores and 4 billion computational cells show excellent scaling. Dynamic load balancing based on execution time on individual adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) blocks addresses irregular numerical cost associated with blocks containing boundaries. Limits to scaling beyond 32 k cores are identified, and targeted code optimisations are discussed.
Functional anatomy of the vomeronasal complex in the embryonic development of the pig (Sus scrofa dom.)

The vomeronasal complex of 5 different aged pig embryos Sus scrofa dom. Linnaeus, 1758 with a total length (TL) of 330, 180, 75, 50 and 45 mm respectively were studied. In all cases the nasopalatal part surrounding Jacobson's organ was generally established. During the studied period of development the completion of details within the cartilaginous supporting structures were of primary interest. In the youngest embryo studied, ducts and furrows of the vomeronasal complex were blocked by fused epitheliums. Their dissolvement was completed in an embryo of 57 mm (TL). The elaborated vomeronasal complex of the oldest embryo allowed some further analyses. So it proved that all morphological peculiarities of the supporting structures, the nasopalatine ducts and the papilla palatina in pigs are an indication of their importance to a properly functioning vomeronasal complex. As pigs have no rhinarium or cleft snout of the kind found in most mammals, no philtrum communicates with the sulcus papillae palatinae and the nasopalatine ducts where Jacobson's organs merge into. Their flat snout is however provided with a dinstict ventral groove which is obviously a substitute for the missing philtrum. Generally it was possible to classify the vomeronasal complex in S. scrofa from a phylogenetic point of view. As this anatomical system in placental mammals fundamentally reveals two differing construction types, classified as either primitive or progressive S. scrofa possesses a progressively developed vomeronasal complex.
Air Pollution and the Willingness to Pay of Exposed Individuals in Downtown Medellín, Colombia

Within Colombia, Medellin holds the title of the city with the second worst air quality, and within the city, Downtown Medellin is one of the areas most affected by mobile gas emissions. Individuals that work downtown were surveyed in order to measure their willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce air pollution. Four groups are characterized according to the respondents' answers: Stated Preference (SP), Averted Costs (AV), both (SP and AV), and No WTP. Results show that age, income level, having a symptom/illness, and exposure to pollution (at different levels) are important for characterizing the respondents into these groups and have a direct effect on the probability of them stating a positive WTP.