Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Allometric equations for determining volume and biomass of Acer monspessulanum L. subsp. cinerascens multi-stemmed trees

Due to the importance of Acer monspessulanum in Iranian mountain forests, a study was carried out to reliably estimate its woody biomass and growing volume via allometric equations. Four transects, five trees in each were chosen randomly. The characteristics of standing trees including: diameter at root collar, height, number of stems and crown width were measured, then trees were finally cut down. Trunk and branches were separated and weighed. Some disks were taken and moved to the laboratory to determine the dry/fresh weight ratio and wood specific gravity and subsequently to calculate the dry weight of trunk, branch as well as aboveground biomass. Linear regression analysis was conducted to create allometric equations. Results showed that there was a strong and significant correlation between volume/biomass of Acer monspessulanum and quantitative characteristics of standing trees. The most robust predictors of volume and aboveground biomass were found to be crown width and crown area (R2 = 0.83) followed by equivalent diameter at root collar (R2 = 0.81). The normalized root-mean-square error amounts were found to be under 20% for most models especially for predicting biomass of branches. Tree height combined with equivalent diameter at root collar (EDRC) explained 87% of the variations in volume and biomass, creating precise models. It is concluded that crown diameter and EDRC can predict biomass and the volume of A. monspessulanum as a multi-stemmed tree with high accuracy and precision.
Predicting the tensile strength and elongation at break of PP/graphene/glass fiber/EPDM nanocomposites using response surface methodology

Abstract Here, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the tensile properties of polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites. The levels of three factors were used for graphene (0–2 wt.%), glass fiber (10–30 wt.%), and EPDM (5–15 wt.%). The tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were performed. It was found that some main parameters play significant roles on tensile properties of nanocomposites. A model was presented for each response. Also, optimum areas for tensile properties were determined. Finally, the results of the thermal analysis showed that the presence of nanoparticles increases the glass transition temperature of nanocomposites.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN WINE-MAKING L ’ INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIELLE EN ŒNOLOGIE

In this paper, some terms of Artificial Intelligence are defined. Some present and potential applications of knowledge based systems are presented in the field of wine-making. Areas of concern were: multi sensor fusion, prediction by model cooperation, and diagnosis. Artificial intelligence techniques can indeed be applied for aiding the wine-maker in his choices. They facilitate the combination between experience and recent progress in technology. When associated with statistical processing, they allow knowledge sources to be used more effectively. Beyond wine-making, the prospects of artificial intelligence are promising for research and food industry, especially for improving the robustness of measurement systems (multi-sensors, sensors interpreted or validated by models), and for process diagnosis (risk prediction, action proposal). Résumé : Certains termes d’Intelligence Artificielle (IA) sont définis dans cette publication. Quelques applications en cours ou potentielles de systèmes fondés sur la connaissance sont présentés dans le domaine de la vinification. Les domaines d’étude sont : la fusion multi-capteurs, la prédiction par coopération de modèles, et le diagnostic. Les techniques IA peuvent aider le vinificateur dans ses choix par une symbiose entre expérience et progrès technologiques. En association avec des traitements statistiques, ces techniques permettent une utilisation plus efficace des sources de connaissances. Au-delà de la vinification, les perpectives de l’intelligence artificielle sont prometteuses en industrie alimentaire, en particulier pour améliorer la robustesse d’un système de mesure (fustion de capteurs, validation d’un capteur par un modèle) ou pour élaborer un diagnostic sur l’évolution d’un procédé (prédiction de risques, proposition d’intervention).
Psychiatric Symptoms of Epileptic Nature: An Old Hypothesis in Light of Current Psychopharmacologic Advances

This paper analyses a hypothesis according to which many positive psychiatric symptoms should be interpreted as symptoms of epileptic nature. When we first raised this proposition, almost fifteen years ago, it was inconsistent with the widespread conviction among psychiatrists that psychopharmacological drugs used to suppress psychiatric symptoms were proconvulsant. But lately, there have appeared numerous neuroscientific investigations that defend the anticonvulsant effect of most psychopharmacological drugs, hence supporting our hypothesis. We have carried out bibliographical reviews in search of the pro- or anticonvulsant role of these substances, particularly lithium, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, dual antidepressants, and antipsychotic drugs. These researches show abundant evidence regarding the anticonvulsant action of these substances, a fact that contributes to a better comprehension of paradoxical relationship between epilepsy and psychoses.
A new homogenized daily data set for temperature variability assessment in Italy

We present a new data set of quality‐controlled and homogenized daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperature for Italy. The data set includes 144 Tmax and 139 Tmin long‐term series, covering the period 1961–2017. First, the paper provides a description of data sources and quality controls implemented for the detection of erroneous daily observations. Next, the temperature records used for this work are introduced. Following strict data continuity and completeness requirements, we identified more than 500 time series with at least 20 years of valid data (raw data set), which were spatially partitioned using a hierarchical clustering approach. For each cluster, the time series homogeneity was assessed using two different statistical automatic approaches: ACMANT and Climatol. The results of the homogenization process are illustrated only for the long‐term series subset. Both homogenization methods revealed the presence of non‐climatic discontinuities in most of the temperature series. Although Climatol detected a slightly lower number of breakpoints than ACMANT, the two methods are in good agreement with respect to the statistics which describe the number and timing of the breakpoints. Since no metadata are available, the plausibility of the homogenized time series was evaluated using different statistical measures: RMSE, Spearman correlation coefficient and trends estimation. Our results show that the homogenized data sets are more spatially coherent than the raw time series. In particular, the analysis of the annual temperature trends shows more realistic and reliable climatic patterns when the homogenized data sets are considered. For our data, the homogenization process only marginally changes the annual and seasonal warming trend values found for the area‐averaged anomaly raw series. The Tmax and Tmin homogenized data set will be regularly updated and is intended to be used for a variety of climate studies that require data at daily resolution, as the analysis of climate extremes.
Resolving the conflict between the discrete-slots and distributed-resources models of working-memory capacity

It is generally accepted that Working Memory is limited in capacity. However, there has been substantial debate over whether this limit in capacity is best described as a finite limit on the number of items that can be stored or a decline in the precision of memory as the number of memoranda increases. In an attempt to resolve this debate, ten mathematical models that incorporate the above assumptions were fit to the data from six experiments, encompassing 155 participants, using Maximum Likelihood Estimation. Measures of fit derived from the maximized likelihoods were used to compare the two descriptions of capacity. Overall, Working-Memory Capacity seems to be more accurately described as a limit on the number of items that can be held in memory.
Effect of Water Stress on the Growth and Yield of Greenhouse Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Efficient irrigation plays a vital role in the production of vÐµgÐµtablÐµs and fruits. Too low or high water application can reduce the growth and dÐµvÐµlopmÐµnt process of plants which may negatively affect the crop yield. To investigate the fact, a field ÐµxpÐµrimÐµnt was carried out to check the growth and yield of cucumber on a sandy soil, under grÐµÐµnhousÐµ conditions by using drip irrigation system having flow rate of drippers 2 liters per hour respectively. The field study was carried out on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) having five different rates of irrigation treatments, i. Ðµ. (T1 = one time, T2 = two times, T3 = thrÐµÐµ times, T4 = four times, and T5 = five times) application per day rÐµspÐµctivÐµly. The results rÐµvÐµalÐµd that different levels of irrigation with constant doses of fertilizers brought a positive ÐµffÐµct in cucumber production. Amongst all the treatments, T5 was observed to be more suitable and economical as it took less days to develop flowers (30.385 days), fruit setting (9.055 days), fruit maturity (6.178 days), give more number of fruits per plant (33.746), highest fruit length (17.812 cm), highest fruit weight (131.977 g), maximum vine length (2.73 m), and highest fruit yield (57.644 tons ha-1) respectively. However, treatment T1 showed inadequate results regarding all the parameters. Results suggests that five times application of water for five minutes per day to the cucumber plants, with 45 minutes gap were found suitable for best possible growth and yield of cucumber under greenhouse conditions using drip irrigation system.
Strategic Ownership Structure and the Cost of Debt

We theoretically and empirically address the endogeneity of corporate ownership structure and the cost of debt, with a novel emphasis on the role of control concentration in post-default firm restructuring. Control concentration raises agency costs of debt, and dominant shareholders trade off private benefits of control against higher borrowing costs in choosing their ownership stakes. Based on our theoretical predictions, and using an international sample of syndicated loans and unique dynamic ownership structure data, we present new evidence on the firm- and macro-level determinants of corporate control concentration and the cost of debt. The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.
Detection and molecular identification protocols for Phyllosticta citricarpa from citrus matter

Strict quarantine measures for the export of South African citrus fruit to European and US markets require the development of sensitive and accurate detection methods for the pathogen Phyllosticta citricarpa – a fungus causing citrus black spot disease. Because of the presence of other, non-pathogenic Phyllosticta species, rapid and accurate verification of the Phyllosticta species present on exported citrus fruit is important to producers, exporters and regulatory authorities to prevent unnecessary losses. We have analysed over 800 samples collected over 7 years and have compared sample preparation and detection protocols applied in different environments: nurseries, production systems including phytosanitary inspections in orchards, pack houses and export terminals in order to compile protocols for the detection of P. citricarpa. Standard procedures of sample preparation and DNA extraction were adapted to suit diverse inoculum sources. Low pathogen numbers in symptomless green leaves, for example, obliged the use of a wet-dry enrichment technique constituting the stimulation of fungal growth for easier detection. Physical maceration was adapted for sturdy material using liquid nitrogen or bead beating. The use of a two-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with nested primers significantly increased both the sensitivity and the specificity of the PCR performed on soil samples, overcoming problems with relatively impure DNA extracts and low pathogen numbers. The assays have proven to be highly consistent, thereby providing a reliable, reproducible and highly sensitive detection and diagnostic service to the southern African citrus industries in order to sustain market access.
Generative and fruit quality characteristics of primocane fruiting red raspberry cultivars

Eight primocane fruiting red raspberry cultivars grown at the Experimental station "Radmilovac", a collective raspberry orchard of the Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade University, were harvested in 2008 and 2009. The cultivars evaluated were 'Autumn Bliss', 'Lyulin', 'Polana', 'Polka', 'Himbo Top', 'Ruby', 'Rossana', and 'Heritage'. All cultivars were evaluated for their standard parameters of productivity (number of fruiting laterals and fruit per primocane, both yield per primocane and per meter of hedgerow) and fruit quality (fruit weight, number of drupelets per fruit, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity), and also of nutritional value (Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Total Phenolics (TPH)). The cultivars differed in terms of generative characteristics in both experimental years. In the 1st studied year, 'Rossana' expressed the lowest values of all generative characteristics, whereas 'Heritage' yielded much higher per primocane and meter of hedgerow (107.2 g and 4.0 kg, respectively). An increase of cropping potential in all studied cultivars was recorded in the 2nd year of the experiment. A similar trend was observed with fruit weight values, although large differences were also found among the cultivars. The highest number of drupelets per fruit as well as the largest fruit in 2009 (4.6 g) was found in 'Polka'. 'Polka' also exhibited the highest level of soluble solids content in 2009 (14.4%), followed by 'Rossana' (14.2%). It was found that raspberry cultivars with the smallest fruit size ('Rossana' and 'Autumn Bliss') showed the highest nutritional value expressed through the highest TPH and TAC levels. However, some of the cultivars represented here may satisfy both producers' demands and contribute to the improvement of consumers' health.
EVALUATION OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN HEALTHCARE WORKERS AND PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES ACCORDING TO THEIR LEVELS OF HEALTH LITERACY

Health literacy can be defined as the ability to read, understand and act based on the healthcare recommendations. Today, inadequate health literacy is considered a global threat. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate how healthcare workers communicate with patients with chronic diseases according to their health literacy level in health care centers. This cross sectional research was conducted among 240 patients with chronic diseases who were selected by multistage random sampling. Data collection tools included chew’s health literacy questionnaire and adult primary care questionnaire to assess communication related health literacy. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16. Healthliteracy was inadequate, marginal and adequate in 50.4%, 11.7% and 37.9% of the subjects, respectively. The variable of communication health literacy in 76.7% of the subjects was weak and in others was evaluated acceptable. The findings showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between inadequate health literacy and communication health literacy. The subjects with inadequate health literacy reported that the major problems concerning communication health literacy included the use of specialized terminology, fast talking, inadequate attention to people talking, no use of visual and understandable media, no response to concerns, inadequate opportunities for asking questionsand receiving no feedback. Then, the adequate training and information must be provided to healthcare workers in the field of health literacy assessment and using communication skills commensurate with health literacy level of people with chronic diseases that staff can communicate effectively with patients in health centers.
Moving beds represented by immersed boundaries: numerical experiments using large eddy simulation

The Immerse Boundary Method (IBM) was used to evaluate the sediment transport over deformable beds. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) procedures were used for the mathematical treatment of turbulence, and the advection-diffusion equation was used to calculate sediment concentration. The Finite Differences Method with staggered grid was applied for the numerical solution of the governing equations (filtered Navier-Stokes, Continuity and advection-diffusion equations). Spatial derivatives were discretized using second order centered differences. A second order explicit Adams-Bashforth scheme was used for the time evolution in the advection-diffusion equation, while a fourth order Adams-Bashforth scheme was used for the filtered Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical simulation reproduced flow structures like large eddies after the dune crests and counter-rotative vortices, which are important in sediment transport. Resuspension fluxes and sedimentation (dependent on particle concentration) were calculated using equations proposed in this study. The deformations of the bed caused by erosion and deposition may be well followed through the present procedures, showing that this methodology is adequate to evaluate bed modifications and sediment transport in alluvial flows.
"You Feel They Have a Heart and are Not Afraid to Show it": A Qualitative Investigation of How Clients Experience the Therapeutic Relationship in Emotion-focused Therapy

Objective: To explore how clients with depression and destructive self-criticism experience the therapeutic relationship in Emotion-focused Therapy (EFT) including helpful and hindering aspects. Methods: 18 clients who had completed treatment with EFT were interviewed using a semi-structured guide to explore their experiences of the relationship with their therapist during treatment. Transcripts were analyzed by use of a hermeneuticphenomenological thematic analysis. Results: We identified four main themes: (1) Forming a trusting relationship, (2) Collaborating to find new ways to change painful feelings, (3) Alliance ruptures and needs for repair when working with distressing emotions, and (4) The relationship as a transformative experience. Conclusions: Participants described the importance of the establishment of trust in the relationship for them to open up to vulnerability and painful feelings. A close and secure relationship enabled participants to immerse themselves more fully in interventions designed to transform these distressing emotions, and provided important corrective experiences. However, some of the participants’ concerns in therapy were not always fully recognized or disclosed. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed.
THE INSURANCE VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY IN THE PROVISION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

ABSTRACT. Biodiversity provides insurance against the uncertain provision of ecosystem services which are being used by risk‐averse economic agents. I present a conceptual ecological‐economic model that combines (i) current results from ecology about the relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and the provision of ecosystem services with (ii) economic methods to study decision‐making under uncertainty. In this framework I (1) determine the insurance value of biodiversity, (2) study the optimal allocation of funds in the trade‐off between investing into biodiversity protection and the purchase of financial insurance, and (3) analyze the effect of different institutional regimes in the market for financial insurance on biodiversity protection. I conclude that biodiversity acts as a form of natural insurance for risk‐averse ecosystem managers against the over‐ or under‐provision with ecosystem services. Therefore, biodiversity has an insurance value, which is a value component in addition to the usual value arguments, such as direct or indirect use or non‐use values. In this respect, biodiversity and financial insurance are substitutes. Hence, the availability, and exact institutional design, of financial insurance influence the level of biodiversity protection.
Effect of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli Inoculation Alone and in Combination with Organic Fertilizers on Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The ability of leguminous plants to fix nitrogen symbiotically with rhizobia should be exploited in order to meet the demand of protein rich pulses for a developing country like Nepal. Establishment of effectively nodulated legume cannot in many situations be left to chance but requires the introduction of effectively strains of rhizobia into the soil at sowing.A pot experiment was conducted using different treatments viz. inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli alone and in combination with compost, and verrmcompost. Plants that had been inoculated with the Rhizobium grew faster, taller and looked more vibrant and healthy than the plants without the bacterial inoculation as control at the time of flowering. Application of vermicompost and compost along with the Rhizobium resulted in less number of root nodules indicating supression of nitrogen fixation in presence of high nitrogen content of the organic manures. The observation clearly showed that although nitrogen fixation was supressed in the presence of organic manure at the time of flowering of plant growth combination of Rhizobium and organic fertilizers enhanced ultimate yield and plant nitrogen at the time of harvest.
Body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint and body image importance in females across the lifespan

The aim of this review was to analyse the literature concerning body dissatisfaction, and dietary restraint in females of all ages to identify patterns across the female lifespan and to explore the role of the developmental milestones and body image importance in female's body dissatisfaction and dietary restraint. Sociocultural theory suggests that body dissatisfaction occurs as a result of females feeling pressure to achieve the "thin ideal", a representation of what society deems as attractive. Invariably, women are unable to achieve this unrealistic standard and as a result become dissatisfied with their own body. As females age and experience a number of developmental milestones they move further away from this ideal, therefore, from a sociocultural perspective it has been suggested that body dissatisfaction might increase with age. Despite this, research has consistently shown that body dissatisfaction remains stable across the adult female lifespan (Pliner, Chaiken & Flett, 1990; Tiggemann & Lynch, 2001; Webster & Tiggemann, 2003). It has been suggested that body image importance may play an important role in explaining the relationship between body dissatisfaction and dietary restraint for females at different ages and stages and this assumption is also examined in this review.
Spirituality in the Context of the Aotearoa New Zealand Primary School Classroom

iii Acknowledgements . v List of Tables . ix List of Figures . ix Chapter One Introduction . 1 1.1 Introducing the Context for the Study. 1 1.1.1 The changing face of life for children today. 2 1.1.2 Implications for parents and teachers. 6 1.2 Justification for the Study . 10 1.3 Research Questions . 13 1.4 Thesis Structure . 14 Chapter Two Literature Review . 17 2.