Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power versus strength-power jump squat training: influence on the load-power relationship.

PURPOSE The purpose of this investigation was to compare the impact of power training and strength-power training on the load-power relationship in the jump squat. METHODS Twenty-six recreationally trained male subjects were randomly assigned to either a power training group (P; N=10), a strength-power training group (SP; N=8), or a control group (C; N=8). The P group trained for 12 wk, performing seven sets of six jump squats with the optimal load for maximal power output (body mass only, no external load), whereas the SP group performed five sets of six jump squats with the optimal load for maximal power output (body mass only, no external load) and three sets of three squats with 90% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM). Work performed by the P and SP subjects was equivalent throughout the 12 wk of training. Peak power relative to body mass (PP), jump height (JH), peak force relative to body mass (PF), and peak velocity (PV) during the jump squat were examined across loads of body mass (BM) and 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg at week 0 (baseline) and after weeks 6 (midtest) and 12 (posttest). RESULTS After training, the P group significantly increased PP at BM and 20 kg, whereas the SP group significantly increased PP output across all loading conditions. Similarly, jump height was significantly increased by the P group at the lighter loads (BM, 20 kg, and 40 kg) and by the SP group at all loads. Whereas significant improvements in maximal power output and jump height at BM were observed in both P and SP groups, no difference in maximal power output or maximal jump height existed between the training groups. CONCLUSION Combined lower-body strength-power training is effective as power training for improving maximum jump height and maximum power output in the jump squat, and it is more effective than power training at producing all-around (i.e., from BM to 80 kg) improvements in the load-power relationship of the jump squat.
Pericolonic tumour deposits in colorectal cancer patients: the challenge is on‐going

Sir: We have read with great interest the review article by Nagtegaal and Quirke analysing the issue of tumour deposits (TD) in colorectal cancer (CRC). This article appeared following the recent publication of two other independent studies, both based on large population analysis, on the same subject. Therefore, we would like to comment about this issue on the basis of our experience. TD are metastatic lesions commonly encountered in routine histopathological examination of advanced CRC specimens. In some cases these lesions are associated with structures such as nerves, lymphatic vessels, venous vessels and lymphatic aggregates, which can be found near the primary tumour (Figure 1) or at some distance from it (Figure 2). In other cases, when no remnants of pre-existing structures are identifiable, one has been puzzled by the interpretation of such lesions. In these instances, subsequent tumour node metastasis (TNM) classification has indicated the size and, more recently, the shape as the criteria by which to distinguish between lymph node metastasis and venous invasion. The classification by Ueno and Mochizuki considered as TD all those metastatic occurrences not associated with lymph node involvement, including vessel invasion, perineural invasion, ‘nodular’ pattern and ‘scattering’ pattern. The above-mentioned classifications are limited, since in both TNM editions a single morphological criterion has been applied; moreover, the 3-mm rule was based on unpublished data which were subsequently not confirmed, and the form and contour can be a source of interobserver variation. In the classification by Ueno and Mochizuki, on the other Figure 1. A pericolonic tumour deposit near the primary tumour, in close relation to extramural vessels.
Lipolysis and the distribution of lipase activity in bovine milk in relation to stage of lactation and time of milking

SUMMARY The increase in levels of free fatty acids (FFA) in morning and afternoon milk after 48 h cold storage at 5 °C was determined at two stages of lactation in milk from 96 cows. Lipolysis was positively correlated to day of lactation (r = 0·6, P < 0·001), while the correlations between lipolysis and milk yield and fat content respectively were due to these factors being related to day of lactation. In afternoon milk the level of FFA increased almost three times above that in morning milk. Lipolysis was closely related to the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity associated with the cream fraction (r = 0·8, P < 0·001). Afternoon milk had higher LPL activity in the cream fraction than morning milk. Lipase activity in the cream increased with increasing stage of lactation. Cooling of milk increased LPL activity associated with the fat phase. This effect was greater in afternoon milk from late lactation than in morning milk from early lactation. When heparin was added to milk the LPL activity associated with the fat increased substantially; again, this effect was greater in afternoon milk from late lactation than in morning milk from early lactation. Lipolysis was higher in heparinized milk than in normal milk, and there was a close correlation between lipolysis and LPL activity associated with the fat (r = 0·82, P < 0·001). Characteristics of the milk fat globule influencing the attraction of LPL were found to be fundamentally important to lipolysis.
Exploring the Tourist Experience

The current study explores the central elements comprising memorable tourism experiences. It does so by adopting a sequential data collection process along three main successive travel stages: (a) pre-, (b) during, and (c) posttravel. Findings suggest that while participants vividly recalled the process of collecting and negotiating information for travel planning as well as interactions with others, what they most recalled posttravel (i.e., once their travels were over) were unique and unexpected personal experiences that differentiated their experiences from others’ experiences. The implications of such findings for the understanding of memorable tourism experiences are discussed.
Association between Genetic Polymorphisms of Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1 Gene and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study

Background: Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) is involved in chronic inflammation, which is a risk factor for prostate cancer. Association studies assessing the relationship between sequence variants of MSR1 and prostate cancer are inconsistent. We hypothesized that sequence variants of MSR1 were associated with prostate cancer risk. Methods: In a nested case-control design within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we identified 700 participants with prostate cancer diagnosed after they had provided a blood specimen in 1993 and before January 2000. Controls were 700 age-matched men without prostate cancer who had had a prostate-specific antigen test after providing a blood specimen. We genotyped three common (>5%) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that have been reported previously to be associated with risk of prostate cancer. Results: None of these MSR1 SNPs nor estimated haplotypes were associated with prostate cancer risk (P for the global test for haplotypes = 0.89). These MSR1 SNPs also did not appear to be associated with higher-grade or advanced-stage prostate cancer. Conclusion: The association between these sequence variants of MSR1 and the risk of prostate cancer was null. Further study of aggressive prostate cancer may be warranted, as we had limited power to assess these. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(4):1001–3)
Typing of Candida krusei clinical isolates by restriction endonuclease analysis and hybridization with CkF1,2 DNA probe

The use of restriction endonuclease analysis and Southern hybridization with our new CkF1,2 DNA probe, cold labeled with peroxidase, for the typing of Candida krusei isolates has been investigated. Fifty-five clinical samples isolated from forty-five patients hospitalized in eight centers, one environmental strain, and two reference strains were evaluated. Patterns were analyzed by a computer-assisted method and compared by numerical analysis. Clearer and less ambiguous patterns were obtained by restriction with endonuclease HinfI. It generated 9 to 14 (average, 11) well-separated fragments in the range of 6.5 to 2.0 kb. Both their numbers and sizes varied greatly among the strains studied. The CkF1,2 probe hybridized with one to seven fragments of HinfI patterns. A total of 48 distinct types were distinguished among the 58 strains studied. HinfI and CkF1,2 patterns showed similarities of less than 83 and 75% for unrelated strains and more than 91 and 100% for related strains, respectively. The methods showed 100% typeability, 98% reproducibility, and a discriminatory power of 1. C. krusei isolates from each patient were distinct, whether from one hospital or from different hospitals. Multiple isolates from the same patient were identical, both over time and at different anatomic sites. An endogenous origin is suggested for the colonizing and infecting isolates among the 45 patients. The CkF1,2 probe enhanced discrimination of the strains and provided a definitive comparison for strain identity. Genetic linkages between isolates were assessed at the subspecies level, and 12 clusters were delineated. A typing scheme is proposed for epidemiological studies of C. krusei.
Growth inhibition of human malignant glioma cells induced by the PI3-K-specific inhibitor.

OBJECT The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating the growth/survival signals of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway. The PI3-K/Akt pathway in PTEN-deficient tumors may be one of the key targets for anticancer therapy. The authors examined the effects of the PI3-K inhibitor 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenylchromone (LY294002) on human malignant glioma cells, and compared these effects on PTEN-deficient cells with those on PTEN-wild-type (PTEN-wt) cells. METHODS Using human malignant glioma cell lines, including the PTEN-deficient cells A172 and U87MG and the PTEN-wt cells LN18 and LN229, the effects of LY294002 on cell growth, apoptosis, and chemotherapeutic agent-induced cytotoxicity were evaluated. The LY294002 inhibited the growth of U87MG cells associated with reduced phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5,-trisphosphate and phosphorylated Akt, and also induced growth inhibition in three other cell lines. Although LY294002 caused apoptosis in all four cell lines, apoptosis seemed to contribute to only a small portion of growth inhibition induced by LY294002. There was no link between the status of PTEN and the median inhibitory concentration values for LY294002 or between the gene status and the extent of LY294002-induced apoptosis. The LY294002 significantly augmented the cytotoxicity induced by etoposide in PTEN-deficient cells, but not in PTEN-wt cells. Enhancement of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea- and cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity by LY294002 was not linked to the status of PTEN. No marked difference in the amounts of phosphorylated Akt was found between PTEN-deficient and PTEN-wt cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that PI3-K is a possible target for therapy in patients with gliomas, and PI3-K inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutic agents could be potent therapeutic modalities for patients with malignant gliomas.
Key Figure Molecular Pathways of Ferroptosis Regulation . System

Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death driven by loss of activity of the lipid repair enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and subsequent accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly lipid hydroperoxides. This form of iron-dependent cell death is genetically, biochemically, and morphologically distinct from other cell death modalities, including apoptosis, unregulated necrosis, and necroptosis. Ferroptosis is regulated by specific pathways and is involved in diverse biological contexts. Here we summarize the discovery of ferroptosis, the mechanism of ferroptosis regulation, and its increasingly appreciated relevance to both normal and pathological physiology. tible to GPX4-regulated ferroptosis.
Client-centeredness in supported employment: Specialist and supervisor perspectives

Aims. This article examines the notion of client-centeredness from the perspective of supported employment specialists and supervisors, identifying barriers and facilitators to implementation in the field. Though by definition client-centered practices give precedence to clients' wishes, in a realistic setting client-centeredness is adapted to account for negotiations among clients, specialists, employers, and mental health service agencies. Method. Qualitative interviews (n = 22) were conducted with employment specialists and supervisors to elicit facilitators and barriers to successful supported employment outcomes. Data were analyzed inductively using ATLAS.ti 5.0 software. Results. Principal factors influencing implementation of client-centeredness include (1) clients' anxieties about their interests and abilities, (2) difficulties interpreting and negotiating clients' preferences in realistic contexts, (3) quality of supervision and guidance in implementing client-centered practices and upholding morale when facing challenges in the field, and (4) managing discrepancies across resource-sharing agencies in what it means to be “client-centered”. Conclusions. These factors suggest the need for (1) focused training among employment specialists to better understand and negotiate clients' wishes, (2) more integration and communication between members of the treatment team, (3) hiring supervisors with first-hand supported employment experience, and (4) spreading awareness of the IPS model across resource-sharing agencies.
Non‐uniformly under‐sampled multi‐dimensional spectroscopic imaging in vivo: maximum entropy versus compressed sensing reconstruction

The four‐dimensional (4D) echo‐planar correlated spectroscopic imaging (EP‐COSI) sequence allows for the simultaneous acquisition of two spatial (ky, kx) and two spectral (t2, t1) dimensions in vivo in a single recording. However, its scan time is directly proportional to the number of increments in the ky and t1 dimensions, and a single scan can take 20–40 min using typical parameters, which is too long to be used for a routine clinical protocol. The present work describes efforts to accelerate EP‐COSI data acquisition by application of non‐uniform under‐sampling (NUS) to the ky–t1 plane of simulated and in vivo EP‐COSI datasets then reconstructing missing samples using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and compressed sensing (CS). Both reconstruction problems were solved using the Cambridge algorithm, which offers many workflow improvements over other l1‐norm solvers. Reconstructions of retrospectively under‐sampled simulated data demonstrate that the MaxEnt and CS reconstructions successfully restore data fidelity at signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) from 4 to 20 and 5× to 1.25× NUS. Retrospectively and prospectively 4× under‐sampled 4D EP‐COSI in vivo datasets show that both reconstruction methods successfully remove NUS artifacts; however, MaxEnt provides reconstructions equal to or better than CS. Our results show that NUS combined with iterative reconstruction can reduce 4D EP‐COSI scan times by 75% to a clinically viable 5 min in vivo, with MaxEnt being the preferred method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of Peritoneal Dialysis Technique Failure in Incident US Patients

♦ Objectives: Switching from peritoneal dialysis (PD) to hemodialysis (HD) is undesirable, because of complications from temporary vascular access, disruption of daily routine, and higher costs. Little is known about the role that social factors play in technique failure. ♦ Design, Setting, Participants, Measurements: We followed for 3 years a nationally representative cohort of US patients who initiated PD in 1996 - 1997. Technique failure was defined as any switch from PD to HD for 30 days or more. We used Cox regression to examine associations between technique failure and demographic, medical, social, and pre-dialysis factors. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). ♦ Results: We identified an inception cohort of 1587 patients undergoing PD. In multivariate analysis, female sex (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.95) was associated with lower rates of technique failure, and black race [compared with white race (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.82)] and receiving Medicaid (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.86) were associated with higher rates. Compared with patients who worked full-time, those who were retired (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.08) or disabled (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.88) had higher rates of failure. Patients with a systolic blood pressure of 140 - 160 mmHg had a higher rate of failure than did those with a pressure of 120 - 140 mmHg (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.52). Earlier referral to a nephrologist (>3 months before dialysis initiation) and the primary decision-maker for the dialysis modality (physician vs patient vs shared) were not associated with technique failure. ♦ Conclusions: This study confirms that several socio-demographic factors are associated with technique failure, emphasizing the potential importance of social and financial support in maintaining PD.
Prominent Role of α3/α6β2* nAChRs in Regulating Evoked Dopamine Release in Primate Putamen: Effect of Long-Term Nicotine Treatment

Brain dopaminergic systems are critical in motor control as evidenced by findings that their disruption results in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation plays an important role in regulating striatal dopaminergic function. Rodent studies show that short-term nicotine exposure influences stimulated striatal dopamine release with responsiveness dependent on neuronal activity. However, studies have not yet been done in nonhuman primates, nor has work been done to evaluate the effect of long-term nicotine exposure, which is relevant for therapies for chronic neurological disorders. Here, we used voltammetry to assess the role of nAChRs on evoked dopamine release from monkey putamen slices. In both ventral and dorsal putamen, α3/α6β2* nAChRs regulated ≥80% of non-burst- (single pulse) nAChR-modulated dopamine release, and α4β2* nAChRs regulated the remainder. Similar results were observed with burst-firing in ventral but not dorsal putamen, indicating that nAChR-modulated effects on release depend on the subregion and firing frequency. Next, we investigated the consequence of long-term nicotine exposure via the drinking water on nAChR-modulated responsiveness. Nicotine treatment altered both non-burst- and burst-stimulated dopamine release in ventral but not dorsal putamen. Altogether, these data support a predominant role for α3/α6β2* nAChRs in the regulation of evoked dopamine release in nonhuman primate putamen. They also show that long-term nicotine treatment selectively modifies nAChR-modulated release in distinct striatal subregions. These findings have implications for the development of treatments for addiction and neurological disorders with nAChR dysfunction.
Protein Expression of Stromelysin-2 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

BACKGROUND Some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in invasion and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, there are few studies on association between stromelysin-2 (ST-2) and invasive behavior of HNSCC. The purpose of this study was to investigate Stromelysin-2 expression by immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 81 specimens, including 61 HNSCC and 20 non neoplastic epithelium. Sections with 5 micron thickness were prepared and stained with immunohistochemistry technique. Then expression of ST-2 was evaluated according to percentage of stained cells and intensity of staining. Data were analyzed by SPSS (V.21) using Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey tests (P<0.05). RESULTS The 61 HNSCC specimens were grades I 36.1%, II 34.4% and III 29.5%. The level of ST-2 expressions were moderate (++) and intensive (+++) in 21.3% and 78.7% of tumors, respectively. The ST-2 expression level was only significant between the tumors with grade I and grade III (P=0.016). Tumors presented ST-2 expression with staining intensity of mild 6.6%, moderate 26.2% and strong 67.2%. Staining intensity of ST-2 in grade I tumors was significantly lower than grade II and grade III (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between grades II and III (P=0.99). CONCLUSIONS According to this study, the expression of ST-2 is associated with histopathological grade and tumor differentiation in HNSCCs.
Effectiveness of Treatments for Nocturnal Enuresis in a Heterogeneous Population

The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of various treatments for nocturnal enuresis in a large, diverse population of children. A retrospective cohort review of patients with nocturnal enuresis was undertaken. All patients selected treatment after a single visit that included a history, examination, and demonstration of treatments. Families were contacted 1 year later to determine what treatment they chose and whether their child still wet. Families primarily chose an alarm (31%), followed by desmopressin acetate (22%) and oxybutynin (9%). Some preferred no treatment (23%). Fifty-six percent of patients using the alarm were completely dry compared to 18% using desmopressin acetate (p&lt0.0001), 16% using oxybutynin, and 28% receiving no treatment. In a heterogeneous population 1 year after a single visit, children whose parents chose the nocturnal enuresis alarm were most likely to be completely dry.
Brain injury severity, litigation status, and self-report of postconcussive symptoms

The Postconcussive Symptom Questionnaire (PCSQ) was developed to assess the symptoms associated with the controversial diagnosis of postconcussion syndrome. We examined item endorsement on the PCSQ in two groups. The first group was made up of individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. The second group was made up of individuals meeting criteria for mild traumatic brain injury who exhibited no evidence of neurological injury. In addition, they demonstrated poor effort during neuropsychological examination. Significant differences in item endorsement were found the majority of individual items as well as on the PCSQ indices. The poor effort mild traumatic brain injury group consistently reported more symptoms with greater severity. The results raise further questions about the validity of postconcussion symptoms.
HOXB4 Overexpression Promotes Hematopoietic Development by Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a potential source of hematopoietic cells for therapeutic transplantation and can provide a model for human hematopoiesis. Culture of hESCs on murine stromal layers or in stromal‐free conditions as embryoid bodies results in low levels of hematopoietic cells. Here we demonstrate that overexpression of the transcription factor HOXB4 considerably augments hematopoietic development of hESCs. Stable HOXB4‐expressing hESC clones were generated by lipofection and could be maintained in the undifferentiated state for prolonged passages. Moreover, differentiation of hESCs as embryoid bodies in serum‐containing medium without the use of additional cytokines led to sequential expansion of first erythroid and then myeloid and monocytic progenitors from day 10 of culture. These cells retained the capacity to develop into formed blood elements during in vitro culture. Consistent with the development of committed hematopoietic cells, we observed the expression of transcription factors known to be critical for hematopoietic development. We thus demonstrate successful use of enforced gene expression to promote the differentiation of hESCs into a terminally differentiated tissue, thereby revealing an important role for HOXB4 in supporting their in vitro development along the hematopoietic pathway.