Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOLUBLE METAL POOL AS AFFECTED BY SOIL ADDITION WITH ORGANIC INPUTS

The potential impact of diverse inputs of organic matter (hay, maize straw, and peat) on the mobility and bioavailability of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn was examined at laboratory scale for three soils with contrasting properties and for two moisture regimes: field capacity and saturated conditions. Soil solution was characterized for total soluble metals, dissolved soil organic carbon, and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm. Speciation analyses were performed with WHAM VI. For field capacity conditions, metal mobility increased (Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd) for all soils and treatments compared with controls and was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with dissolved organic matter (r = 0.540). Solubilization of organic matter was mostly driven by Al mobilization (r = 0.580, p < 0.05) and variations in solution pH. The bioavailable pool of metals, estimated as free ion activities, decreased with the increasing occurrence of metal–organic matter complexes, which was accompanied by an increase in solution of highly aromatic organic matter. Soil saturation generally decreased metal mobility and the ratio of metal–organo matter complexes in solution. Consistently, such effects were accompanied by a decrease in the solubilization of organic matter and lower mobilization of Al, Fe, and Mn. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1027–1032. © 2013 SETAC
CURRENT STATUS AND EVALUATION OF LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY FOR GASTRIC CANCER

Laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer was developed in Japan and has been established as a treatment for early gastric cancer thanks not only to improvements in technology and medical equipment but also to great efforts made by surgeons. With increasing numbers of surgeons performing the procedure and extending its indication to some advanced gastric cancers, it has achieved an important position in the treatment of gastric cancer together with endoscopic mucosal resection and open surgery. In clinical practice, it has been accepted as a safe, minimally invasive and radical treatment for early gastric cancer through several clinical studies and case–control studies. A large‐scale randomized controlled trial to evaluate laparoscopic gastrectomy as an acceptable procedure for early gastric cancer is being prepared. In order to extend the indication to some advanced gastric cancers, first, we need to collect more cases of laparoscopic gastrectomy for advanced cancer and start a phase II study in the experienced hospitals.
An Area‐Preserving Parametrization for Spherical Rectangles

We present an area‐preserving parametrization for spherical rectangles which is an analytical function with domain in the unit rectangle [0, 1]2 and range in a region included in the unit‐radius sphere. The parametrization preserves areas up to a constant factor and is thus very useful in the context of rendering as it allows to map random sample point sets in [0, 1]2 onto the spherical rectangle. This allows for easily incorporating stratified, quasi‐Monte Carlo or other sampling strategies in algorithms that compute scattering from planar rectangular emitters.
Prevalence and characteristics of sexual functioning among sexually experienced middle to late adolescents.

INTRODUCTION Little is known about problems in sexual functioning among young people, despite the high rates found in adult samples. It is unclear which problems are most prevalent or how common sexual distress is for young people experiencing problems. AIMS This study aims to assess the prevalence, range, and correlates of sexual problems and distress among a sample of adolescents (16-21 years). METHODS Participants (mean age 19.2) were recruited from community and area high schools. Male adolescents (n = 114) completed online the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT). Female adolescents (n = 144) completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Both completed the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) and the measures of background, relationship characteristics, and sexual histories. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Clinical cutoff scores on the IIEF, PEDT, FSFI, and FSDS were used to determine whether there was a significant sexual problem. RESULTS Adolescents reported extensive sexual experience, most in relationship contexts. Half of the sample (51.1%) reported a sexual problem; 50.0% reported clinically significant levels of distress associated with it. Similar rates of problems and distress were found among male and female adolescents. For the most part, adolescent characteristics, backgrounds, and experience were not associated with adolescents' sexual problems. CONCLUSION Sexual problems are clearly prevalent among adolescents, and distressing to many who experience them, emphasizing a strong need to develop programs to address this issue.
Prevention of spontaneous preterm birth: the role of sonographic cervical length in identifying patients who may benefit from progesterone treatment

The importance of progesterone in the maintenance of mammalian pregnancy is well established1–18. Similarly, a decline in progesterone action is believed to be central to the initiation of parturition in most mammalian species, including primates5,7,8,12–14,19,20, although the precise mechanism for this in humans has not been elucidated5,7,9,13,14,21–25. Progestogen (a term that, like progestin, includes both ‘natural’ progesterone and synthetic compounds with progesterone action)26 administration to prevent spontaneous miscarriage27–39 and preterm birth28,40–48 has been a subject of investigation for several decades. The use of progesterone in the first trimester of pregnancy to ‘support corpus luteum function’ is a well-established clinical practice27,29,30,34,35,37,39,49. Formulations of progesterone for this indication have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/ scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm) and regulatory agencies in Europe and elsewhere50.
Muscle strength in knee varus and valgus.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the lower-limb muscle strength in knee varus-valgus and its dependence on knee varus-valgus position. The hypothesis was that humans could differentially contract the medial and lateral muscles crossing the knee and generate significant moments in knee valgus-varus. METHODS The subjects sat with the knee at full extension and secured from the medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior sides. Both hips were clamped from the lateral sides. The subjects adducted (abducted) the ipsilateral hip during the knee valgus (varus) maximal voluntary contraction with EMG signals recorded from muscles crossing the knee and knee joint moments measured using a six-axis force sensor. Frontal plane tibiofemoral movement was evaluated using a fluoroscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The subjects differentially contracted the medial and lateral muscles, and fluoroscope images showed the corresponding tibiofemoral movement. The subjects showed considerable strength in knee varus and valgus. The active knee varus strength increased significantly with increasing knee valgus angle, and the valgus strength was significantly higher when the knee was in varus position (P < 0.039). Active valgus muscle strength at 5 degrees knee varus was significantly higher than the active varus strength at 5 degrees valgus (P = 0.002). The passive resistance moment increased linearly with increasing knee valgus and varus angles, and it accounted for 28% and 35% of the total (active plus passive) moment at the 5 degrees varus and 5 degrees valgus, respectively. The significant varus-valgus muscle strength demonstrated in this study may play important roles in performing various functional tasks, maintaining joint stability, and preventing potential injuries, whether the major load and motion at the knee is in the frontal plane or not.
Endocrine differentiation of gastric adenocarcinoma. The prevalence as evaluated by immunoreactive chromogranin a and its biologic significance

The prevalence of endocrine differentiation of conventional gastric adenocarcinoma was evaluated on the 212 cases (including 62 mucosal carcinomas) of consecutively resected stomach for adenocarcinoma in our hospital using anti‐chromogranin A (CGA) antibodies. CGA‐positive cells were found in 28 of 150 cases (18.7%) as an integral tumor component. In immunocytochemistry and electron microscopic examinations, we could classify these 28 cases into three groups according to the distribution patterns of CGA‐positive cells. The first group consisted of 12 cases in which scattered CGA‐positive cells were located in neoplastic glands. The second group consisted of six cases of scirrhous carcinoma in which CGA‐positive cells were separated by fibrovascular tissue. The third group consisted of ten cases in which the positive cells were present in clusters. No definite correlation was recognized between the appearance of CGA cells and histologic types of predominance. In the analysis of the hormonal substances coexpressed by CGA‐positive cells, immunoreactive serotonin (SER) was found most frequently, and somatostatin (SS), gastrin (GAS), glucagon/glicentin (GLU/GLI), and peptide‐tyrosinetyrosine (PYY) like immunoreactivities were found in a few tumor cells. CGA‐positive cells occupied limited parts of the tumors in most cases, and they were noticeably more frequent in advanced stage cases. This might explain why endocrine differentiation reflects the dysexpression of the neoplastic stem cells. Furthermore, absence of mitotic figures in this type of cell and negativity of a single colony composed exclusively of CGA cells in metastatic foci suggested that these cells are in a dormant phase and are probably postmitotic.
Management of type 2b von Willebrand disease in the neonatal period

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, affecting one in 1,000 people. Type 2b VWD is a less common subtype caused by a gain‐of‐function mutation in von Willebrand factor (VWF) that leads to the formation of large, ineffective VWF‐platelet multimers in circulation. This unique pathophysiology creates diagnostic and treatment dilemmas. There is limited information on the management of type 2b VWD in the neonatal period. This report describes the management of a neonate with type 2b VWD with an emphasis on the added benefit of concomitant platelet transfusion and factor replacement therapy over factor replacement therapy alone.
The Reliability and Validity of a Pediatric Back Outcome Measure

Objective:Young athletes not uncommonly complain of back pain. Many patient-reported outcome measures are used to evaluate back pain, but none have been designed specifically to assess young, athletic patients. The Micheli Functional Scale (MFS) was developed to measure impairment due to back pain in this population. This study examined the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the MFS used in routine clinical assessments. Design:Retrospective Cohort Study. Setting:Pediatric sports medicine specialty clinic. Interventions:Patients presenting with a chief concern of back pain over 1 year (n = 93) were enrolled in the study. Study subjects were administered the MFS and the revised Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at each visit as part of routine clinical care. Main Outcome Measures:Reliability of the MFS was assessed by calculating Cronbach alpha (&agr;). Concurrent validity was determined by measuring Spearman coefficient (rs) for the correlations between the MFS and ODI. Results:Ninety-three patients (50 female, 43 male), mean age 14.1 ± 2.3 years were enrolled and 242 clinic encounters (71 initial/171 follow-up visits) analyzed. The MFS had acceptable item reliability (&agr; = 0.786) and concurrent validity: the MFS and ODI were strongly and positively correlated [rs = 0.824 (P < 0.001)]. The MFS was comparatively more reliable and valid when used in follow-up versus initial visits. Conclusions:The MFS is a reliable and valid instrument in assessing young athletes with back pain, although the instrument has different performance characteristics on initial versus follow-up assessments. Further work is needed to refine the MFS to enhance the instrument's reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Clinical Relevance:This study provides further insight into an outcome measure of clinical use in evaluating young athletes with back pain.
Female Sexual Dysfunction in Elfayoum Governorate

Introduction: female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a complex and poorly understood condition that affects females of all ages. Female sexual dysfunction has been a cyclic rather than a linear process that emphasizes biologic, psychological, social, hormonal, and environmental factors. Female sexual dysfunction is a high prevalent disorder reaching up to 60% of females with reported higher levels in postmenopausal. Aim of the work: was to estimate prevalence of FSD and its related factors in Elfayoum city. Subject and Method: This study was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in Elfayoum city included 508 married females (above 21 years old) during the period from September 2016 to March 2017. Results: The prevalence of FSD among studied group was 61.2% versus 38.8% had normal sexual function, desire dysfunction was 42.3%, arousal dysfunction was 39.2%, lubrication dysfunction was 25%, orgasm dysfunction was 58.5%, satisfaction dysfunction was 58.1% and pain was 43.3%. There was statistically significant negative correlation between Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score and each of female and husband age, duration of marriage, and number of children. Low mean of FSFI score was found among females with irregular menstrual cycle, using contraceptive, not pregnant, mutilated and females who’s their husband had erectile or ejaculation disorders. Conclusion and recommendation: High prevalence of FSD among females in Elfayoum governorate. Many factors are found to affect FSD as FGM, each of female and husband age, duration of marriage, and number of children.
Recovery of older patients undergoing ambulatory anaesthesia with isoflurane or sevoflurane

Background: Delayed recovery of cognitive function is a well‐recognized phenomenon in older patients. The potential for the volatile anaesthetic used to contribute to alterations in postoperative cognitive function in older patients following minor surgical procedures has not been determined. We compared emergence from isoflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia in older surgical patients undergoing urological procedures of short duration. Methods: Seventy‐one patients, 60 yr of age or older, undergoing anaesthesia expected to last less than 60 min for ambulatory surgery, were randomly assigned to receive isoflurane or sevoflurane. A standardized anaesthetic protocol was used, with intravenous fentanyl 1 &mgr;g kg−1 and propofol 1.5–2.0 mg kg−1 administered to induce anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was maintained with either sevoflurane or isoflurane in 65% nitrous oxide and oxygen. Early and intermediate recovery times were recorded. The mini mental state examination and digit repetition forwards and backwards were administered at baseline, and at 1, 3 and 6 h postoperatively, to assess cognitive function. Results: There were no between‐group differences in (sevoflurane vs. isoflurane, mean ± standard error of the mean) times to removal of the laryngeal mask airway (7.7 ± 0.6 vs. 7.1 ± 0.4 min), verbal response time (10.1 ± 0.7 vs. 9.9 ± 0.7 min) and orientation (12.1 ± 0.7 vs. 12.1 ± 0.7 min). Intermediate recovery, as measured by time to readiness for discharge from the post anaesthesia care unit (44.9 ± 1.5 vs. 44.3 ± 1.5 min), was similar in the two groups. Postoperative indices of cognitive function and attention were comparably reduced at 1 h, but returned to baseline in both groups at 6 h. Conclusions: Isoflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia resulted in similar clinical and neurocognitive recovery profiles in older patients undergoing ambulatory surgical procedures of short duration.
THE MAJOR INTRINSIC LIGHT‐HARVESTING PROTEIN OF Amphidinium: CHARACTERIZATION AND RELATION TO OTHER LIGHT‐HARVESTING PROTEINS

A major light‐harvesting complex (LHC) has been obtained from thylakoids of Amphidinium carterae solubilized with digitonin or decylmaltoside and separated by sucrose‐gradient centrifugation. The digitonin‐LHC forms a dark brown band at ‐17% sucrose and the decylmaltoside LHC one at ‐7% sucrose. Excellent energy transfer is retained from chlorophyll c and carotenoid to chlorophyll a. Absorbance and fluorescence excitation spectra show the existence of two major forms of chlorophyll c, one absorbing at 634 nm and the other at 649 nm. Linear dichroism spectra show the Qy transition of both forms of chlorophyll c to be aligned at <35° to the membrane plane. On sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gels the complex resolves as a single band of 19 kDa. A partial amino acid sequence shows the N‐terminus to be unblocked but modified; there is a persistent ambiguity of Ser/Asn at residue 4 and evidence for multiple but very similar polypeptides within the 19 kDa band. The peptide has strong identity with the N‐terminal regions of LHC from Phaeodactylum and Pavlova and LHC 1 of higher plants. Antibodies to the 19 kDa peptide react weakly with LHC of brown algae, diatoms and Prymnesiophytes but not with those of higher plants or Cryptophytes.
MDA-9/Syntenin Is Essential for Factor VIIa-induced Signaling, Migration, and Metastasis in Melanoma Cells*

Background: MDA-9/syntenin and tissue factor (TF) are overexpressed in most types of human cancer. Results: Induction of MDA-9/syntenin in melanoma involves the binding of FVIIa and FX to TF on the cell surface, which initiates a signaling circuit essential for cell motility and metastasis of melanoma. Conclusion: MDA-9/syntenin is an important TF-regulated gene. Significance: Targeting TF-mediated MDA-9/syntenin may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for eliminating cancer. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-9 (MDA-9), also known as syntenin, is a novel gene that positively regulates cancer cell motility, invasion, and metastasis through distinct biochemical and signaling pathways, but how MDA-9/syntenin is regulated in response to signals with the extracellular environment and promotes tumor progression is unclear. We now demonstrate that MDA-9/syntenin is dramatically up-regulated by a combination of rFVIIa and factor F(X) in malignant melanoma. Induction of MDA-9/syntenin in melanoma was found to occur in a thrombin-independent signaling pathway and involves the PAR-1/c-Src/Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42/c-Jun N-terminal kinase axis resulting in the activation of paxillin, NF-κB, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). MDA-9/syntenin physically interacts with c-Src through its PDZ binding motif following stimulation of melanoma cells with rFVIIa and FX. We also document that induction of this signaling pathway is required for TF·FVIIa·Xa-induced cell migration, invasion, and metastasis by melanoma cells. The present finding uncovers a novel role of MDA-9/syntenin as an important TF·FVIIa·Xa/PAR-1-regulated gene that initiates a signaling circuit essential for cell motility and invasion of metastatic melanoma. In these contexts, targeting TF·FVIIa·Xa and its relevant downstream targets such as MDA-9/syntenin, may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to control the evolution of neoplastic cells.
Genetic and Epigenetic Changes of Components Affecting the WNT Pathway in Colorectal Carcinomas Stratified by Microsatellite Instability 1

An unselected series of 310 colorectal carcinomas, stratified according to microsatellite instability (MSI) and DNA ploidy, was examined for mutations and/or promoter hypermethylation of five components of the WNT signaling cascade [APC, CTNNB1 (encoding hcatenin), AXIN2, TCF4, and WISP3] and three genes indirectly affecting this pathway [CDH1 (encoding Ecadherin), PTEN, and TP53]. APC and TP53 mutations were each present more often in microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors than in those with MSI (P < .001 for both). We confirmed that the aneuploid MSS tumors frequently contained TP53 mutations (P < .001), whereas tumors with APC mutations and/or promoter hypermethylation revealed no associations to ploidy. Mutations in APC upstream of codons 1020 to 1169, encoding the h-catenin binding site, were found in 15/144 mutated tumors and these patients seemed to have poor clinical outcome (P = .096). Frameshift mutations in AXIN2, PTEN, TCF4, and WISP3 were found in 20%, 17%, 46%, and 28% of the MSI tumors, respectively. More than half of the tumors with heterozygote mutations in AXIN2 were concurrently mutated in APC. The present study showed that more than 90% of all samples had alteration in one or more of the genes investigated, adding further evidence to the vital importance of activated WNT signaling in colorectal carcinogenesis. Neoplasia (2005) 7, 99–108
The Burden of Care: The Impact of Functional Psychiatric Illness on the Patient's Family

The Burden of Care: The Impact of Functional WALLERSTEIN, J.S. &Kaux,3. B. (1976)Theeffectsof parental Psychiatric Illness on the Patient's Family divorce:experiencesof the child in later latency. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 46,256-269. SIR:This article (Fadden eta! , Journal, March 1987, 150, 285â€”292)purports to review the literature on â€œ¿ the eff ct of severe mental illness on other members of the patient's familyâ€•,but at no point mentions the word â€ ̃¿ child'. Most definitions of â€ ̃¿ family' include a reference to children, for example, â€œ¿ the household, or all those who live in one house (as parents, children, servants): parents and their children: the children aloneâ€•(Macdonald, 1972). A number of authorshave writtenabout the impact of parental psychiatric illness on children. Rutter & Quinton (1985) found that these children had a higher rate of psychiatric disturbance than a comparison group, were more likely to experience discord, and were often exposed to hostile or anxious depressed behaviour. Rodnick & Goldstein (1974) studied maternal behaviour before and after schizo phrenic breakdown and commented that even in those mothers with good premorbid functioning, the recovery of â€ ̃¿ mothering function' was delayed for as long as six months after discharge from hospital. Significant intellectual deficits have been found in children whose mothers were depressed during their first year (Cogill et a! , 1986). There is no doubt that some children are adversely affected by a parent's mental illness. Fadden et a! comment on the â€œ¿ high rates of divorce and separation in marriages where one patient [I presume they mean partner] is mentally ill. â€• Wallerstein & Kelly (1976), among others, have examined the effects of divorce on children. Again, there is no doubt that some children suffer. The link between parental psychiatric problems and emotional disturbance in children is not necess arily, or always, causative. It does exist. We must be aware that the children in families where a parent has a functional psychiatric illness are at risk.