Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yap is regulated by phosphorylation at the G2/M transition

Yap is a small protein that acts as a co-activator of transcription. It has been shown to interact with many and diverse transcription factors and as a result of these promiscuous interactions, Yap has been described to have a role in many cellular events, including apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. For this reason, it is described to have a role both in tumor suppression and transformation. However, the function of Yap in the regulation of the cell cycle has not been investigated so far. Here we demonstrate that Yap is phosphorylated at the G2/M, both in physiologic mitotic cells and in cells arrested in mitosis by microtubules-targeting drugs. We show that Yap is not recruited onto the chromatin during mitosis and does not localize to any mitotic organelles. In addition, we have noticed that de-phosphorylation of Yap occurs before the entry into G1. These data give an indication that Yap may have a role in the exit from mitosis, and place a solid foundation for characterizing the function(s) of Yap during this event.
Label-free biochips for rapid detection of soybean allergen Glym Bd 30K (P34) in foods

Purpose: To develop an innovative method for detection of soybean allergen, Gly m Bd 30K (P34) in foods using a biosensor based on high spatial imaging ellipsometer. Methods: Two monoclonal antibodies, 2D1 and 5F9, each known to have specific bioactivity against P34 allergen, were selected and separately immobilized as ligands on silicon wafer surface to allow capture of the P34 allergen. The resultant changes on the wafer surface were viewed directly as images in gray scale. Results: Images indicated that these two antibodies detected the presence of P34 allergen in soybean extract with sensitivity of 1 mg/L and a detection time of about 15 min. For the detection of P34 allergen in foods, results from biochip detection were consistent with those obtained using ELISA detection. Conclusion: These results show that the biochip may be an effective analytical tool for food allergen detection. Keywords: Soybean Allergen, Gly m Bd 30K, Biochip, Detection, Foods
The Capital Structure Choice of European Firms: The Role of Financial System and Institutional Setting

Recent international financial research finds that a firm’s capital structure is not only influenced by firm- and industry-specific determinants, but also by country-specific factors. Starting from the last decade’s studies on the country effect and addressing some areas of potential development in empirical testing, we test, on a sample of seven apparently similar European countries and more than 800,000 variously sized firms (from the BACH-ESD database) over a ten year period (2000-2009), the direct effects of country characteristics on leverage, as well as their mediating role on the effects of firm- and industry-specific determinants, by using a simultaneous equation model (SEM) never used before by any scholar in this field. The emerging empirical evidence: i) highlights the relevance of many institutional, financial, and macroeconomic country characteristics; ii) confirms the better ability of banks in selecting, monitoring, and financing small and risky firms; iii) shows that the demand-side perspective can better explain some counter-intuitive effects of some determinants on leverage.
TEMPRANO DE Phaseolus vulgaris L . Effect of salt stress on seed germination and seedlings growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L

1 Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas (IBP), Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Carretera a Camajuaní km 5.5, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba. CP 54 830. 2 Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Carretera a Camajuaní km 5.5, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba. 3 Planetary Science Laboratory. Department of Physics, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Carretera a Camajuaní km 5.5, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba.
Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Increased Temperature on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes: Evidence from Field Experiments

Climate change could alter terrestrial ecosystems, which are important sources and sinks of the potent green-house gases (GHGs) nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), in ways that either stimulate or decrease the magnitude and duration of global warming. Using manipulative field experiments, we assessed how N2O and CH4 soil fluxes responded to a rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and to increased air temperature. Nitrous oxide and CH4 responses varied greatly among studied ecosystems. Elevated CO2 often stimulated N2O emissions in fertilized systems and CH4 emissions in wetlands, peatlands, and rice paddy fields; both effects were stronger in clayey soils than in sandy upland soils. Elevated temperature, however, impacted N2O and CH4 emissions inconsistently. Thus, the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on N2O and CH4 emissions may further enhance global warming, but it remains unclear whether increased temperature generates positive or negative feedbacks on these GHGs in terrestri.
A screen for Benzo(a)pyrene in Fish Samples From Crude Oil Polluted Environments

Several studies have shown that exposure to Benzo(a)pyrene increases the risk of cancer. In this study several fish samples from Niger the Delta region of Nigeria were screened for the presence of Benzo(a)pyrene. The study was carried out using Gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometry detector. Benzo(a)pyrenes in the samples were identified through both retention time match with authentic standards and simultaneous maximization of several major ions from GC/MS data. Perylene-d12 was used as the internal standard for quantitation. Concentration of benzo(a)pyrene in the samples ranged from 1.47 to 10.53 µg/kg which is more than WHO recommended maximum allowable concentration. Therefore this study concludes that the population is at an elevated risk of cancer of occurrence.
Contrasted hydrothermal activity along the South‐East Indian Ridge (130°E–140°E): From crustal to ultramafic circulation

Using a combined approach of seafloor mapping, MAPR and CTD survey, we report evidence for active hydrothermal venting along the 130°‐140°E section of the poorly‐known South‐East Indian Ridge (SEIR) from the Australia‐Antarctic Discordance (AAD) to the George V Fracture Zone (FZ). Along the latter, we report Eh and CH4 anomalies in the water column above a serpentinite massif, which unambiguously testify for ultramafic‐related fluid flow. This is the first time that such circulation is observed on an intermediate‐spreading ridge. The ridge axis itself is characterized by numerous off‐axis volcanoes, suggesting a high magma supply. The water column survey indicates the presence of at least ten distinct hydrothermal plumes along the axis. The CH4:Mn ratios of the plumes vary from 0.37 to 0.65 denoting different underlying processes, from typical basalt‐hosted to ultramafic‐hosted high‐temperature hydrothermal circulation. Our data suggest that the change of mantle temperature along the SEIR not only regulates the magma supply, but also the hydrothermal activity. The distribution of hydrothermal plumes from a ridge segment to another implies secondary controls such as the presence of fractures and faults along the axis or in the axial discontinuities. We conclude from these results that hydrothermal activity along the SEIR is controlled by magmatic processes at the regional scale and by the tectonics at the segment scale, which influences the type of hydrothermal circulation and leads to various chemical compositions. Such variety may impact global biogeochemical cycles, especially in the Southern Ocean where hydrothermal venting might be the only source of nutrients.
Sensitivity of various methods (CMT, CE and Indicator Paper) of subclinical cattle’s mastitis diagnostic in some dairy cows breeding in east of Algeria

The aim of present work is to look for the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows of different regions in eastern Algerian ; the prevalence of subclinical mastitis has called for three non-specific methods and by bacteriological analysis. On all teats are 416 ; the first non-specific test is Californiamastitis test (CMT) indicating polymorphonuclear witness infection of the udder. The second test indicates presence of ions (Na Cl) in milk and carries the appellation of the electrical conductivity of milk (EC) and the last test is the one that revealed the pH of milk while using papier pH containing pH indicator and changes color to green or blue if the udder is infected. It is the first component of the study; the second component is to get the bacteriological status of each udder and passing to the study of the sensitivity and specificity of non specifics tests . the present study gave values of mastitis prevalence between 6.7 to 64.7% of cows and 10 to 20% of udders tested by (CMT, pH papers and EC), with an infection rate of 9% of districts and 17% of cows. Bacteriological examination of positive areas showed the prevalence of the following pathogens : 6 species of Staph – Saprophyticus= 15%, 6 species staph – epidermidis=15%, 4 species staph – cohnii=10%, 9 Staph +=22.5%, 2 Micrococcus. Spp=5%, 4 E.Coli=10%, 2 speciesof klebsielle =5%,2Proteus vulgaris=5%, 2Citrobacter freundeii=5%, 1 Streptococcus spp=2.5%, 1Streptococcus uberis=2.5%. et 5% others specie of bacterias. for specificity and sensitivity we have these values r : CMT = 71% and 77%;. For pH paper had values of 15% and 60% . in latter puts the EC with values of 13% and 67% respectively. So the CMT remains the most accessible and reliable tset
Regulation, Credit Risk Transfer, and Bank Lending

We integrate Basel II (and III) regulations into the industrial organization approach to banking and analyze lending behavior and risk sensitivity of a risk-neutral bank. The bank is exposed to credit risk and may use credit default swaps (CDS) for hedging purposes. Regulation is found to induce the risk-neutral bank to behave in a more risk-sensitive way: Compared to a situation without regulation the optimal volume of loans decreases more as the riskiness of loans increases. CDS trading is found to interact with the former effect when regulation accepts CDS as an instrument to mitigate credit risk. Under the Substitution Approach in Basel II (and III) a risk-neutral bank will over-, fully or under-hedge its total exposure to credit risk conditional on the CDS price being downward biased, unbiased or upward biased. This interaction promotes the intention of the Basel II (and III) regulations to “strengthen the soundness and stability of banks”, since capital adequacy regulation without accounting for the risk-mitigating effect of CDS trading would stimulate a risk-neutral bank to take more extreme positions in the CDS market.
Viscoelastic deformation of lunar impact basins: Implications for heterogeneity in the deep crustal paleo‐thermal state and radioactive element concentration

Diverse geological characteristics found for the three major lunar provinces (i.e., the Feldspathic Highlands Terrane (FHT), the South Pole‐Aitken Terrane (SPAT), and the Procerallum KREEP Terrane (PKT)) strongly suggest their distinctly different thermal histories. Quantitative differences among these provinces in their early thermal histories and crustal radioactive element concentrations, however, are highly unknown. One of the few observables that retain a record of the ancient lunar thermal structure is the viscoelastic state of impact basins. This study investigates the long‐term evolution of basin structures using global lunar gravity field data obtained by Kaguya tracking and derives constraints for (1) the paleo‐thermal state of impact basins and for (2) crustal column‐averaged radioactive element concentrations for each province. Our calculation results indicate that impact basins in the central anorthositic region of the FHT (i.e., the FHT‐An) require a very cold interior ( dT ∕ dr ≤ 20 K km − 1 on the surface). This result strongly suggests that the deep portion of the thick farside highlands crust is highly depleted in radioactive elements (Th ≤ 0.5 ppm), indicating that the Th‐rich SPA basin floor crust is clearly different from the lower crust underneath the FHT‐An and cannot be accounted for by simple exposure of the lower crust. Our analysis also indicates that the observed basin structure allows as high as ∼ 6 ppm of column‐averaged Th concentration in the crust inside the PKT. These results indicate that radioactive element concentrations deep in the crust probably vary greatly region by region, similarly to those observed on the surface.
Impact of Family and Student Factors on Student Attitude Towards Reading in Governmental and Non-Governmental High School of Debre Birhan City

Reading is the identification of the symbols and the association of appropriate meaning with them. It requires identification and comprehension. Comprehension skills help the learner to understand the meaning of words in isolation and in context. The purpose of this research is to determine the reading attitudes and Impact of Family and Students Factors on Students Attitude towards Reading of grade 9 th and 10 th high school students in Governmental and Non-Governmental High School of Debre Birhan City. Totally 247 students from two high schools is chosen according to random sampling method. In order to answer the research questions in the study, “the Attitude Scale towards Reading “was used. For the statistical analyses SPSS 20 was applied. In this study, 48.2 percent of high school students have negative reading attitude whereas the remaining 51.8 percent of the students have positive reading attitude with average reading attitude of the sample respondent 59. The chi-square test of independence indicates gender, place of coming, grade level, both mother and father education level and participation of the student in group discussion have statistically significant association with reading attitude of students (p-value <0.05). From the binary logistic regression high school students’ reading attitudes differs significantly by student age, studding schedule, place of coming, attending in class and group discussion, Education level of both parents, weather condition of the city, grade level and Average financial income but not by gender, school type and economic status of the family.
Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblages and Biotopes in a Coastal Lake: The Case Study of Lake Varano (Southern Italy)

The benthic foraminiferal assemblages in Lake Varano (southern Italy) have been investigated in detail. Statistical analyses en- able us to recognize two main biotopes and five sub-biotopes that reflect different ecological and environmental conditions. The assemblag- es mainly seem to be influenced by the hydrological (namely salinity) and sediment conditions in the lake. These biotopes are characterized by specific sub-assemblages and variations in relative species' abundances. The Outer Lake Biotope is affected by marine influence and is dominated by the foraminiferal species: Ammonia beccarii, Ammonia parkinsoniana and Aubignyna perlucida, which are more common in open water environments. In contrast, the Inner-Marginal Lake Biotope reflects more restricted conditions where low salinity values and sand are associated with high numbers of miliolids. These two main biotopes are thus subjected to different degrees of confinement and water residence times, both of which are related to the water exchange time of the lake with the Adriatic Sea. In addition five sub-biotopes (Intermediate Marine, Mixing, "Urban", Marginal, and Innermost) represented by particular foraminiferal assemblages are identified that characterize particular sub-environments. These sub-biotopes are, to some extent, separated by salinity gradients as well as the grain-size and the organic matter of sediments.
Observed relationships between extreme sub‐daily precipitation, surface temperature, and relative humidity

Expected changes to future extreme precipitation remain a key uncertainty associated with anthropogenic climate change. Recently, extreme precipitation has been proposed to scale with the precipitable water content in the atmosphere, which assuming relative humidity stays constant, will increase at a rate of ∼6.8%/°C as indicated by the Clausius‐Clapeyron (C‐C) relationship. We examine this scaling empirically using data from 137 long‐record pluviograph and temperature gauges across Australia. We find that scaling rates are consistent with the C‐C relationship for surface temperatures up to between 20°C and 26°C and for precipitation durations up to 30 minutes, implying that such scaling applies only for individual storm systems. At greater temperatures negative scaling is observed. Consideration of relative humidity data shows a pronounced decrease in the maximum relative humidity for land surface temperatures greater than 26°C, indicating that moisture availability becomes the dominant driver of how extreme precipitation scales at higher temperatures.
Effect of dietary supplement ( cevas ) on the chemical composition of wild fish Brycon falcatus Müller & Troschel, 1844 in the Teles Pires river basin

In the Teles Pires River watershed, one of the most common techniques currently used by fishermen to catch fish is to provide a food supplement commonly known as “ cevas ”. The purpose of this study was to compare the chemical composition of fillets from Brycon falcatus that were caught in both the presence and absence of cevas . The fish were sampled monthly and captured in the following conditions: the Tapaiuna River without cevas , the Teles Pires River with one ceva /100 m, the Celeste River with one ceva /500 m, the Verde River with one ceva /1000 m and the Cristalino River (control area). Subsequent to capture, the fish were euthanized and preserved on ice to determine their water, ash, crude protein and fat contents. Fillets of fish from the control area exhibited a lower level of crude protein (17.81%) compared with that of fish from the other rivers, which did not differ amongst one other. The fillets of fish from the river with the greatest density of cevas (1/100 m) exhibited a higher fat content (3.63%) than that of fish from the control area (1.51%). Thus, the cevas changed the chemical composition of B. falcatus fillets.
The Impact of Learning HIV Status on Marital Stability and Sexual Behavior within Marriage in Malawi

This paper assesses how knowledge of HIV/AIDS status is used among married individuals in ways that protect against HIV/AIDS risk. Utilizing a randomized experiment administered as part of the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health, we use two stage least squares probit models to estimate the effect that learning HIV status has on later chances of divorce, the number of sexual partners and the use of condoms within marriage. We find that knowledge of HIV status does not affect chances of divorce for either HIV negative or HIV positive respondents. Among HIV positive respondents, we observe increased condom use with spouses, as well as fewer sexual partners in the year of follow-up. HIV negative women also increase condom use with spouses after learning HIV negative status. These results imply an active response to learning HIV status that evokes protective behavior against future risk of HIV/AIDS for respondents and their spouses.
Resistance to Bemisia tabaci biotype B of Solanum pimpinellifolium is associated with higher densities of type IV glandular trichomes and acylsugar accumulation

Advances in tomato breeding for pest resistance have been achieved via gene introgression from wild Solanum (section Lycopersicon) species (Solanaceae). Ninety‐nine F3 families derived from an interspecific cross using as parental lines Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘LAM‐148' (susceptible standard) and Solanum pimpinellifolium L. ‘TO‐937‐15’ (multiple pest resistance accession with type IV glandular trichomes and acylsugar accumulation) were evaluated for their resistance against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype B in free‐choice and no‐choice tests for oviposition and adult colonization. The parental lines and eight F3 families with contrasting levels of resistance against the whitefly were selected and investigated in additional assays, which included the estimation of trichome densities and foliar acylsugar levels. The F3 families BTR‐302 and BTR‐331 exhibited low amounts of eggs of whitefly and transgressive segregation for type IV glandular trichome density with values greater than that of TO‐937‐15 plants. However, the tested families did not surpass the total foliar acylsugar content found in TO‐937‐15. BTR‐331 exhibited low colonization in the free‐choice test and it was the least preferred F3 family in the no‐choice test. The higher resistance levels of BTR‐331 were associated with a positive combination of higher type IV trichome density and higher acylsugar levels. Some F3 families displayed reduced fruit set due to the presence of flowers with style exertion of the antheridial‐cone. Fruit weight at harvest stage of the selected families (from 4.9 to 14.5 g) was lower than that of LAM‐148 (139.5 g) but higher than that of TO‐937‐15 plants (1.3 g). Therefore, although difficult to reach due to the simultaneous segregation of many polygenic traits, the combination of high B. tabaci resistance levels with superior horticultural traits is feasible. These results confirm TO‐937‐15 as a source of biotype B resistance. From the breeding standpoint, the genetic similarity between S. lycopersicum and S. pimpinellifolium would allow a more efficient resistance introgression by facilitating recombination and minimizing the potentially undesirable linkage drag associated with this trait.
An Examination of Jordanian College-Level Students' Use of Reading Strategies in Reading Arabic (L1) and English (L2)

This study aimed at examining the extent to which Jordanian college-level students Practice the reading strategies in reading Arabic (L1) and English (L2). The sample of the study consisted of (918) Yarmouk University students enrolled in the two courses of (Arabic 100 and English 100A) for the second semester of the academic year 2004/2005. To achieve the purpose of the study, the Reading Strategies Questionnaire (RSQ) was adopted by the researchers. The students’ responses to the (RSQ) were analyzed to examine the extent to which they use the reading strategies, and an independent t-test was conducted to test whether there were any significant differences between their use of the strategies in reading Arabic and in reading English. The results of the study revealed that there were disparities in the students’ use of the reading strategies, and that there were statistically significant differences in favor of using the whole-, pre-, and while-reading strategies in reading English, and in favor of using the post-reading strategies in reading Arabic. Finally, implications and recommendations for educators, instructors and researchers were suggested.