Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution of electronic structure to the large thermoelectric power in layered cobalt oxides

With a strong help of high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy we demonstrate in this paper that the large thermoelectric power observed in the layered cobalt oxides, such as Ca3Co4O9 ,N a 0.6CoO2, and Bi2Sr2Co2O9, can be well accounted for with the Boltzmann-type metallic electrical conduction. An intense peak with 1.5‐2 eV in width was observed in the photoemission spectra with its center at 1.0 eV below the Fermi level EF in these compounds. The density of states at EF is finite but negligibly small at room temperature, because EF is located near the high-energy edge of this narrow band. We calculated thermoelectric power S using the Boltzmann transport equation with the electronic structure near EF determined by the photoemission measurement. The calculated S shows fairly good consistency with the measured value both in its magnitude and the temperature dependence.
Bicycle accidents and injuries among adult cyclists

Bicycling accidents comprised the greatest recreational source of Emergency Room visits last year, numbering over 500,000. To evaluate cycling morbidity, 492 active adult bicyclists from a metropolitan area responded to a survey to determine cycle use and accident patterns. Nearly half (46%) have been involved in an accident with the cyclists being at fault 58.7% of the time. Soft tissue injuries to the extremities predominated with 9.3% of all injuries requiring hospitalization (average, 7 days) and 22.5% missing days from work or school. Significant factors contributing to bicycle accidents in cluded rider carelessness (58.7%), cycle malfunction (14.9%), environmental factors (36.9%), turns (22.9%) and hills (13.4%), and companion riders (15%). The use of riding helmets decreased the severity of injury and hospitalization time. The education of cyclists and driv ers with the integration of bicycles into normal traffic patterns should help decrease the morbidity and mor tality.
Menopause symptoms in women infected with HIV: Prevalence and associated factors

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with menopause symptoms in HIV-infected women. Methods. A cross-sectional study of two groups of women was conducted: 96 with HIV and 155 without HIV. Women aged 40 years or older, non-users of hormone therapy in the last 6 months and native Brazilians were included. The prevalence of menopause symptoms was calculated according to the studied variables. Symptoms were grouped into six categories: vasomotor, psychological, genitourinary, weight gain, palpitations and insomnia. The generalized estimating equation model was applied to identify the factors associated with menopause symptoms in all women and for HIV-infected women only. Results. The mean (±standard deviation) age of women with and without HIV was 48.9 ± 7.4 and 51.0 ± 8.7 years (p = 0.07), respectively. The median age at menopause for HIV-infected women was 47.5 years. Menopause symptoms were more frequent in HIV-infected women, highlighting psychological and vasomotor symptoms. HIV infection was associated with menopause symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 1.65, p = 0.03), as well as age ranging from 45 to 54 years (OR = 1.77, p = 0.01), higher parity (OR = 2.38, p = 0.01) and self-perception of health as fair/poor (OR = 2.07, p < 0.01). Among HIV-infected women, the likelihood of presenting symptoms decreased in those aged 55 or older (OR = 0.16, p = 0.03) and increased in retired women (OR = 2.61, p = 0.02). Conclusion. Menopause symptoms were common in HIV-infected women. HIV infection was independently associated with menopause symptoms, whereas age and being retired were associated with the occurrence of these symptoms in HIV-infected women.
Stimulating Thinking: Cultivating Better Decisions with Groupware Through Categorization

Previous research shows that groupware improves the exchange of information within groups. However, the additional information does not often lead to better group decisions, probably because individuals fail to process the new information they receive. This study explored the use of groupware processes that required individuals in groups to categorize information, in order to induce group members to better attend to the new information received from others and to integrate it into their own individual decision-making processes. Different groupware processes had different effects on attention to and integration of information, and ultimately on decision quality. Groupware processes that provided categories to organize information and groupware processes that required the receiver of information to categorize information increased attention to information and integration of information, which led to improved individual decision quality.
Energetic aspects of methanogenic feeding webs

The degradation of organic matter by methanogenesis is the most complex and the most efficient way of transforming organic matter into an energetically useful product. This chapter deals with the complex cooperations in methanogenic microbial communities under different treatment regimes and the technological perspectives in the optimization of energy recovery from biomass treatment in the present and in the future. Energy-rich products other than methane can be produced fermentatively from biomass. A real breakthrough in the treatment of high-strength wastewaters was the development of the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) technology developed by G. Lettinga and his coworkers in Wageningen, The Netherlands, in the 1980s. Although the reason for the development of the microbial aggregates remains obscure, the UASB technology has proven to be applicable to many different types of high-load wastewaters and has conquered the market in this field nearly worldwide. All major constituents of living biomass or organic waste materials can be converted to methane plus CO2, with the only exceptions being lignin and lignocellulose. It is the energetic efficiency that makes the overall process possible at all, but it also limits its kinetic and dynamic versatility.
Late stent thrombosis: Considerations and practical advice for the use of drug‐eluting stents: A report from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions drug‐eluting stent task force

Recent analyses have suggested that implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES) is associated with a higher rate of very late stent thrombosis when compared with bare metal stents. This complication is evident with both sirolimus-eluting stents as well as polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents, but the precise magnitude of this risk and whether this applies to all patients or only a subset of those who have received DES is incompletely characterized. This alert is designed to provide the practicing interventional cardiologist with practical advice in light of this new information. It is not the purpose of this document to provide an exhaustive review of the literature on DES and the risk of stent thrombosis; however a brief summary is appropriate. While exact definitions have been variable in different trials, late stent thrombosis generally refers to stent thrombosis occurring at least 1 month following stent implantation, while very late stent thrombosis refers to events occurring more than 12 months following stent placement. Following bare metal stent implantation, stent thrombosis is rare after 2 weeks, and dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and a thienopyridine) was typically prescribed for 3–6 weeks. In contrast, sporadic reports of late stent thrombosis in patients receiving DES have occurred over the past few years. These events often (but not always) occurred in the setting of premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy. In March 2006, the BASKET-LATE trial was reported, describing a significantly greater composite occurrence of cardiac death and non-fatal myocardial infarction in patients treated with DES when compared with bare-metal stents after clopidogrel had been discontinued at 6 months [1]. Other meta-analyses of the existing DES trials also showed an increase in late events in the DES cohort although these analyses were limited by incomplete data in publications, abstracts, and Internet sources [2,3]. In October 2006, an independent patient-level meta analysis of the four pivotal randomized Cypher stent trials and the five pivotal randomized Taxus stent trials was publicly presented. These analyses demonstrated an increased rate of stent thrombosis with both sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxelJ_ID: Z7V Customer A_ID: 06-0418 Cadmus Art: CCI 21093 Date: 5-JANUARY-07 Stage: I Page: 1
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN THE ONTOGENY OF BEAK COLORATION OF GRAY-BREASTED JAYS ( APHELOCOMA ULTRAMARINA )

same clutch size distribution was found among the four nests at the WFVZ. The current taxonomic placement of the Large-footed Finch is in the monotypic genus Pezopetes, although it has been suggested to be more appropriately placed in Mupetes (Paynter and Storer 1970). The known nest and egg characteristics ofpezopetes are not inconsistent with such placement. Some species of Atlupetes lay spotted or blotched eggs, although all of the Middle American members of this genus lay unmarked white or pale blue eggs (Paynter 1978). There is not yet enough information on nest-building behavior to aid in making taxonomic decisions regarding these finches. Our observations suggest that only one sex does the nest-building in Pezopetes, although both sexes are active in defense (Wolf 1976). There is no information in the literature regarding nestbuilding behavior in Atlapetes, but only female Atlapetes torquatus incubate the eggs (Paynter 1978).
Gender differences in alcohol-related problems: controlling for drinking behaviour.

AIMS Two hypotheses were tested to explain a high prevalence of alcohol-related problems among women relative to their low prevalence of excessive drinking: (1) At a given level of drinking, women may report more problems of any type than do men. (2) At a given level of drinking, the number of problems or the severity of the reported problems may be lower among women than among men. DESIGN General population survey. SETTING Rotterdam, The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS 3537 Dutch respondents within the age range 16-69 years. MEASUREMENTS Alcohol-related problems were measured in five problem areas: psychological dependence, symptomatic drinking, social problems, health problems/accidents and frequent drunkenness/hangovers. A problem index was formed by adding up the scores in the five separate problem areas. Alcohol use was measured by the Quantity-Frequency-Variability index. FINDINGS For the same level of drinking, women were as likely as men to report alcohol-related problems except that women light drinkers were actually less likely to report problems than men. Men tended to have a greater accumulation of different types of problems within drinking categories than women. Overall problem severity, however, did not differ between men and women. The apparent excess prevalence of alcohol problems in women relative to drinking level appears to be due to presence of problems even among light drinkers and a greater preponderance of light drinkers in women than men. CONCLUSIONS The first hypothesis was rejected; drinking levels being the same, the level of alcohol problems is the same or even lower for women than for men. As hypothesized, men tend to have a greater accumulation of different kinds of problems than women. However, the severity of the reported problems does not differ between men and women.
Fibroblast Activation Protein, a Dual Specificity Serine Protease Expressed in Reactive Human Tumor Stromal Fibroblasts*

Proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components during tissue remodeling plays a pivotal role in normal and pathological processes including wound healing, inflammation, tumor invasion, and metastasis. Proteolytic enzymes in tumors may activate or release growth factors from the ECM or act directly on the ECM itself, thereby facilitating angiogenesis or tumor cell migration. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a cell surface antigen of reactive tumor stromal fibroblasts found in epithelial cancers and in granulation tissue during wound healing. It is absent from most normal adult human tissues. FAP is conserved throughout chordate evolution, with homologues in mouse and Xenopus laevis, whose expression correlates with tissue remodeling events. Using recombinant and purified natural FAP, we show that FAP has both dipeptidyl peptidase activity and a collagenolytic activity capable of degrading gelatin and type I collagen; by sequence, FAP belongs to the serine protease family rather than the matrix metalloprotease family. Mutation of the putative catalytic serine residue of FAP to alanine abolishes both enzymatic activities. Consistent with its in vivo expression pattern determined by immunohistochemistry, FAP enzyme activity was detected by an immunocapture assay in human cancerous tissues but not in matched normal tissues. This study demonstrates that FAP is present as an active cell surface-bound collagenase in epithelial tumor stroma and opens up investigation into physiological substrates of its novel, tumor-associated dipeptidyl peptidase activity.
Risk of coronary heart disease events over 15 years among older adults with depressive symptoms.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether depression status is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) events, defined as CHD death or nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (MI). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING An urban primary care practice. PARTICIPANTS Two thousand seven hundred twenty-eight adults (71.4% women, 65.5% black), age 60 years and older, who were screened for depression between 1991 and 1993. MEASUREMENTS Depressive symptom severity at baseline was assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Data regarding baseline demographic and clinical variables, as well as laboratory evidence of acute MI, were obtained from an electronic medical record system. All-cause mortality and CHD death were determined from the National Death Index through 2006. RESULTS A total of 423 (15.5%) participants reported elevated symptoms of depression (CES-D score ≥16). During the 13 to 16 years of follow-up, 1,646 (60.3%) individuals died from any cause, and 727 (26.6%) died from CHD or suffered an acute MI. Cox proportional hazards models revealed that individuals with elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to experience a CHD event, even after adjustment for demographics and comorbid health conditions (relative risk = 1.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-1.77). Depression status was also a significant predictor of all-cause mortality in adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS We report the longest prospective study to date to examine depression status as an independent risk factor for CHD among a cohort of older adults including large numbers of women and underrepresented minorities. The present findings underscore the need to consider depression as a common and modifiable risk factor for CHD events among older adults.
AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION PHENOTYPES ASSOCIATED WITH MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE HOMOZYGOUS RISK VARIANTS IN CFH AND HTRA1 GENES

Purpose: To determine age-related macular degeneration (AMD) phenotypes associated with mutually exclusive homozygotic risk variants in rs1061170 (CFH) and rs11200638 (HTRA1). Methods: Nested case–control study of 2,982 eyes (2,129 control, 809 drusen ≥125 &mgr;m, 44 advanced AMD) homozygous for CFH [TT(−/−) or CC(+/+)] and HTRA1 [GG(−/−) or AA(+/+)] were analyzed using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations specifically regards to homozygous risk variants in one but homozygous no-risk in the other gene. Results: In early AMD, [CFH+/+ HTRA1−/−] and [CFH−/− HTRA1+/+] were associated with central drusen (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 4.13 [2.97–5.73] and 3.65 [1.88–7.09], respectively). However, only [CFH+/+ HTRA1−/−] was associated with central drusen occupying ≥50% area (13.9 [2.97–64.7]). In advanced AMD, [CFH+/+ HTRA1−/−] was associated with geographic atrophy (4.04 [1.57–10.4]), whereas [CFH−/− HTRA1+/+] was associated with neovascular AMD (36.5 [8.3–160.9]). In doubly homozygous risk groups [CFH+/+ HTRA1+/+], odds ratios were multiplicative. Conclusion: Central but not peripheral drusen location was strongly associated with both [CFH+/+ HTRA1−/−] and [CFH−/− HTRA1+/+]. Only [CFH+/+ HTRA1−/−] was significantly associated with increased central drusen area.
A low-noise fixed-tuned 300-360-GHz sub-harmonic mixer using planar Schottky diodes

This letter presents the design and fabrication of a low-noise fixed-tuned 300-360-GHz sub-harmonic mixer, featuring an anti-parallel pair of planar Schottky diodes fabricated by the University of Virginia and flip-chipped onto a suspended quartz-based microstrip circuit. The mixer exhibits a double side band (DSB) equivalent noise temperature lower than 900K over 18% of bandwidth (300-360-GHz), with 2 to 4.5mW of local oscillator (LO) power. At room temperature, a minimum DSB mixer noise temperature of 700K and conversion losses of 6.3dB are measured at 330GHz.
Microsoft Word讲座（一）

Предлагается модель системы защиты информационных технологий (ИТ) с использованием сервисов безопасности. Модель выбрана на основе критериев оценки качества систем: критерия пригодности, критерия оптимальности и критерия превосходства на основе предложенной классификации угроз безопасности. Предложенная модель представляет собой совокупность сервисов безопасности, которые могут быть реализованы в среде функционирования ИТ, в самой ИТ или средствами защиты информации.
Sociodemographic and behavioural correlates of severe dental fluorosis.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with the prevalence of severe dental fluorosis in moderate- and high-fluoride areas of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. METHODS Three hundred and six adolescents (12-15 years) and 233 mothers participated in the study. The children were examined for dental fluorosis according to the Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI). The children and their mothers were subsequently interviewed. Sixty mothers had more than one participating child. In order to perform a paired parent/child analysis, a total of 73 younger siblings had to be excluded. RESULTS Among the remaining 233 children, the prevalence of severe dental fluorosis (TFI >or= 5) was 24.1% and 75.9% in the moderate- and high-fluoride areas, respectively. According to bivariate as well as multivariate analyses, a number of sociodemographic and behavioural factors were related to severe fluorosis. The odds for having severe fluorosis varied according to the fluoride concentration of the drinking water, age, consumption of tea, length of breastfeeding and method of storing water. The adjusted odds ratios ranged from 2.6 to 26.1. Breastfeeding for > 18 months and the use of clay pots for storing drinking water helped protect against severe dental fluorosis. Bivariate analyses indicated that being male and consuming fish might be associated with higher TFI scores. CONCLUSION In order to avoid dental fluorosis, low-fluoride drinking water should be provided in the relevant villages. A prolonged period of breastfeeding, the use of clay pots for storing water, and possibly a reduced intake of tea and whole fish in infants might also help to avoid severe fluorosis in children growing up in traditionally fluoride-endemic areas.
Antidepressant effect of transdermal nicotine patches in nonsmoking patients with major depression.

BACKGROUND A high frequency of cigarette smoking has been reported among individuals with major depression. In a previous study, transdermal nicotine produced short-term improvement in the mood of depressed patients. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of 4 days' administration of transdermal nicotine on mood in nonsmoking patients with major depression. METHOD The effects of nicotine patches (17.5 mg) on 12 nonmedicated outpatients with major depression (DSM-III-R) were studied for 4 continuous days. Patients had to score 18 points or more on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) (21 items) for admission into the study. The HAM-D (10 items), a visual analog scale, and a side effects scale were scored daily during the trial (baseline, 4 days of nicotine patches, and 4 days of follow-up). RESULTS Two patients dropped out of the study owing to nausea and vomiting. Results of the visual analog scale and HAM-D (10 items) showed a significant (p < .01) improvement in depression after the second day of nicotine patches. Patients relapsed 3 or 4 days after the last nicotine dose. The side effects observed were an increase in saliva production, nausea, loss of appetite, and mild insomnia. CONCLUSION Nicotine patches produced short-term improvement of depression with minor side effects. Because of nicotine's high risk to health, nicotine patches are not recommended for clinical use in depression. Analogue drugs may be developed in the future that may help improve depression without the risk of other major health problems.
Risk factors for EEG seizures in neonates treated with hypothermia: A multicenter cohort study

I was fascinated by the report by Glass et al.1 on EEG seizures in almost 50% of newborns monitored during therapeutic hypothermia. The findings indicate that the antiepileptic effects of hypothermia may be less effective than anticipated—at least using standard cooling protocols. The lack of correlation between clinical risk factors and seizures was also surprising. However, there are 2 important issues regarding continuous neonatal EEG monitoring that were not addressed in the article or accompanying editorial. First, how frequently do the recordings need …
Compliance of Hypertensive Patients with Treatment Regimen and Its Effect on Their Quality Of Life

Non adherence to high blood pressure therapy results in uncontrolled high blood pressure, poor clinical outcomes and preventable health care costs. The management of hypertensive patients aims to improve their quality of life, prevent complications, and decrease mortality through patient’s compliance to treatment regimen. This study aimed to determine the compliance of hypertensive patient with treatment regimen and its effect on their quality of life. It was conducted in the outpatient department of the Health insurance and Rural Health Unit (El-Halafy) which affiliated to Ministry of Health of in Kafr EL-Sheik governorate. Total study sample was300 hypertensive patients. Three tools were utilized to obtain the necessary data for the study as follows: Tool I: A structured interview questionnaire sheet which composed of three parts part I: socio-demographic characteristics of the patient. Part II: Health history and patients’ life style. Part III: Patient knowledge about hypertension. Tool II: Hill-bone compliance scale. Tool III: Health related quality of life scale (HRQOL). Result: About two third of the total sample from both rural and urban had fair to poor score concerning their compliance with treatment regimen. Factors that affect patients' compliance were their age, sex, level of education, employment, income and duration of disease. Regarding HRQOL, the highest proportion of the studied sample had poor score concerning their physical function, role limitation due to physical function, bodily pain, social functioning, role limitation due to emotional problem and general health perception. Recommendation: A healthy lifestyle patient education, family counseling and social support network should be strengthen in health promotion programs in order to enhance compliance of hypertensive patients with treatment regimen and to improve their quality of life.