Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Household Migration and Child Educational Attainment: The Case of Uganda

In many Sub-Saharan African countries, a large number of people migrate internally or abroad because of demographic, economic and political factors. This pronounced mobility is likely to have consequences for child education, which is still a matter of concern in the region. We study this issue for Uganda, investigating whether the migration of household members affects child primary education and in what direction. Using the Uganda National Panel Survey for 2005, 2009, 2010 and 2011, we estimate conditional fixed effects logit models of school attendance and primary school completion. We find that migration of children has a significant positive impact on child school attendance rates while that of adults has a significantly negative effect, and that remittances have no influence. These findings suggest that migration of children is indeed beneficial, since it may contribute to matching the demand and supply of schooling. The absence of adults, instead, has controversial effects when children are left behind. In fact, lack of supervision and children working substituting adults in their tasks might reduce the rate of school attendance. However, the migration of neither children nor adults seem to increase the rate of primary school completion, evidence that points to the problem of the low quality of primary education in developing countries.
Modeling of Convective-Stratiform Precipitation Processes: Sensitivity to Partitioning Methods

Abstract Six different convective–stratiform separation techniques are compared and evaluated using 2D numerical simulations of a tropical and a midlatitude continental squall line. The techniques used include a texture algorithm applied to surface rainfall, a similar algorithm but with additional criteria applied to vertical velocity and cloud, a texture algorithm applied to vertical velocities below the melting layer, a simple approach that assumes a constant characteristic width for the convective region, a more sophisticated texture algorithm applied to radar reflectivities below the melting layer, and a new technique based on the premise that the fall speed of precipitation particles is large relative to air velocity in regions of stratiform precipitation. Comparisons are made in terms of rainfall, mass fluxes, apparent heating and moistening, hydrometeor contents, reflectivity and vertical-velocity contoured-frequency-with-altitude diagrams (CFAD), microphysics, and latent heating retrieval. Overall.
Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum on Palliative Cares In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ( Oscc ) Patients : An Evidence of Excellent Postoperative Support for Cancer Patients *

Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) respond to treatment modalities such as surgery and radiochemotherapy. Clinicians are, however, continuously testing other treatment combinations to see if they can improve the therapeutic results, lessen side effects or increase quality of life in cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of prescription of Ganoderma lucidum powder and/or extract on OSCC patients undergoing radiochemotherapy treatment following surgical removal of primary cancerous tissues. After surgery, G. lucidum was prescribed in three forms: G. lucidum powder capsule (500 mg/capsule), brushing teeth with dental paste (containing 0.5% extract) and drinking tea (containing 0.2% extract) thrice daily for three months. Then, the status of the OSCC patients was evaluated and compared against a placebo in terms of body weight gain, BMI, conditions of appetite, tolerability to radiotherapy, Karnofsky score and visual analog scale. Also, the levels of blood hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and globulin, AST, ALT, ALP, TNF, LPO and P53 were measured to assess the effect of this mushroom. Body weight, BMI, and the levels of Hb, creatinine, urea, glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, albumin, globulin, TNF-α, p53 were also significantly ameliorated in the G. lucidum-prescribed patients, when compared to those of the placebo-prescribed OSCCpatients. The appearance of OSCC patients, appetite, Karnofsky score, visual analog scale and tolerability to radiochemotherapy were clinically improved. Our results, thus, support that G. lucidum, which has been used for antitumor effects since ancient times, has potential benefits in the palliative form of treatment for OSCC patients.
Firm Size and Efficient Entrepreneurial Activity: A Reformulation of the Schumpeter Hypothesis

This paper examines empirically the relationship between innovative activity, as measured by the rate of return to research-and-development expenditures, and firm size using a sample of firms from the chemicals and allied products industry (SIC 28). We find that size is a prerequisite for successful innovative activity. The estimated rate of return to research and development for the smaller firms is 30 percent, while for the larger size firms it is 78 percent. Statistical tests for structural stability were used to divide the sample into these two behavioral regimes.
Co-Immobilization of Ketoreductase and Glucose Dehydrogenase

A two-enzyme system composed of immobilized ketoreductase (Hansenula polymorpha) and glucose dehydrogenase (Bacillus megaterium) was developed for the asymmetric reduction of keto esters to optically active hydroxy esters via immobilization in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel particles. The concentration of enzymes was optimized, and the final particles were used 18 times in a row in a batch mode to achieve minimal loss of activity and complete conversion of the model substrate, β-ketoester ethyl-2-methylacetoacetate. Excellent stability was also achieved using new storage conditions of PVA particles, with 80% of activity being retained after almost 10 months.
Effect of Albendazole and Mebendazole on Hydatid Cyst of Mice

In the current study, hydatid cysts from livers and lungs of camels were obtained from Tambool slaughter house and protoscoleces were separated aseptically. 36-weeks-old Swiss mice (25 - 30 gram body weight males and females) were divided into two groups of 6 each: a prophylactic group dosed with 150 ml/kg of albendazole and mebendazole was given directly after injection with 2000 protoscoleces intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days. The treated group was given a dose of 300 ml/kg of albendazole and mebendazole for 24 days with 4 days interval separated by 2 days and after 6 months of inoculation with protoscoleces, the two groups in addition to the control group were sacrificed and necropsied. The results revealed a significant difference in the development of hydatid cyst (p < 0.01). Inside the mice, small number of cysts was noticed in the group treated with albendazole and mebendazole compared to the control group, however, albendazole was highly efficacious than the mebendazole where the efficiency of albendazole reached 97% while the mebendazole efficiency rate was almost 50% which indicates that albendazole could be considered the drug of choice in the treatment of hydatid cyst.
Stated Values and Reminders of Substitute Goods: Testing for Framing Effects with Choice Modelling

Choice modelling, a non-market valuation technique, is used to explore framing issues in the context of environmental valuations. Choice modelling appears to have promise in simultaneously valuing a pool of substitute amenities and goods. Describing choices according to component attributes can also help to frame choices according to a number of trade-offs. The statistical information available helps to determine where framing effects have occurred. Three choice modelling experiments were reviewed to show that framing effects may be more widespread in non-market valuation studies than is commonly thought.
The Impact of Iodine Deficiency Eradication on Schooling: Evidence from the Introduction of Iodized Salt in Switzerland.

This paper examines the impact of salt iodization in Switzerland in the 1920s and 1930s on schooling outcomes. Iodine deficiency in utero causes mental retardation, and correcting the deficiency is expected to increase the productivity of a population by increasing its cognitive ability. The exogenous increase in cognitive ability brought about by the iodization program is also useful in the context of disentangling the effects of innate ability and education in later-life outcomes. I identify the impact of iodization in three ways: first, in a differences-in-differences framework, I exploit geographic variation in iodine deficiency, as well as the fact that the nationwide campaign to decrease iodine deficiency began in 1922. Second, I use spatial and temporal variation in the introduction of iodized salt across Swiss cantons, and examine whether the level of iodized salt sales at the time of oneâ€™s birth affected oneâ€™s educational attainment. Third, I employ a fuzzy regression discontinuity design and use jumps in sales of iodized salt across Swiss cantons to identify the effect of iodization, by comparing outcomes for those born right before and right after these sudden changes in the treatment environment. These approaches indicate that the eradication of iodine deficiency in previously deficient areas increased the schooling of the population significantly. The effects are larger for females than for males, which is consistent with medical evidence showing that women are more likely to be affected by iodine deficiency disorders than men.
Oxygen Electroreduction Catalyzed by Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots: Impacts of Nitrogen Dopants

Palladium nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQD) were synthesized by hydrothermal coreduction of palladium salts, citric acid, and urea at 160 °C for up to 12 h. Transmission electron microscopic studies showed that in the resulting PdNGQD nanocomposites, small palladium nanoparticles clustered into superstructures of 100 nm and larger. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies showed that the NGQDs contained only p-type pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen centers, and although the total concentrations of nitrogen dopants were rather consistent (ca. 10 at. %) among the series of samples, the relative abundance of pyrrolic (pyridinic) nitrogens increased (decreased) with prolonging reaction duration, suggesting thermal conversion of pyridinic nitrogens into pyrrolic ones. The binding energy of the Pd 3d electrons was found to increase accordingly, probably due to enhanced electron withdrawing by the more acidic pyrrolic nitrogens. This suggests apparent interactions between pall.
Dealing with Anxiety: Relationships among Interpersonal Attachment Style, Psychological Wellbeing and Trait Anxiety

Anxiety is a major contributor to poor quality mental health for many people in our community, and is a leading cause of presentations at medical and health clinics. Patterns of trait anxiety, or dysfunctional responding, have become ingrained in individuals’ approaches to problems they face. Research has shown that psychological wellbeing and interpersonal attachment style are both predictors of trait anxiety. However, the relationships among these variables have not been clarified. The current study sought to determine whether psychological wellbeing mediates the relationship between interpersonal attachment style and trait anxiety, and which of the six psychological wellbeing subscales would contribute most to any mediation effects. A convenience sample of 149 adult participants from South East Queensland, Australia completed a series of online questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, the Trait Anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Form Y2), the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale (PWB), and a Social Desirability Scale (SDS-17). Psychological Wellbeing was found to partially mediate the relationship between interpersonal attachment style and trait anxiety. The Positive Relations with Others subscale of the PWB was the only significant sub-scale of the PWB that significantly predicted trait anxiety. Overcoming anxiety appears to be most related in our sample to those who deal better with interpersonal relations. Targeting this aspect in treatment approaches appears most likely to lead to improved outcomes for clients.
Children's health and RF EMF exposure

The present report documents a dialogue between scientists reviewing the currently available scientific evidence with respect to the effects of RF EMF exposure on children. The focus was directed towards a transparent and comprehensible characterization of the findings and conclusions for the evaluation of the relationship between mobile phone communication and children’s health. The now available report, based on the scientific opinions of the experts as well as on a series of workshops, aims to help the public and policy makers to better understand the current state of the scientific evidence as well as implications for the risk evaluation with respect to children.
Quantitative and qualitative study of density driven CO 2 mass transfer in a vertical Hele-Shaw cell

The density driven convection phenomenon is expected to have a significant and positive role in CO2 geological storage capacity and safety. But predictions on reservoir time and space scales are difficult to validate because data are generally sparse and will only be useful for a small part of the relevant time period. Laboratory scale data are valuable to validate the numerical models. In this paper we focus on the comparison of experimental and numerical determination of CO2 mass transfer in a laboratory experiment. We developed an experimental protocol for the determination of density-driven mass transfer of CO2 in water-saturated Hele-Shaw cells with different apertures. We used a CCD camera to capture images of the initiation of density-driven convection caused by dissolution of CO2 in water and the subsequent development of convective fingers. The visualization of the phenomenon allowed consistently stopping the experiment when dissolved CO2 first reached the bottom of the cell. We determined the total mass of dissolved CO2 during the experiment using a catalytic combustion-based total carbon analyzer (TCanalyzer). This experimental procedure was repeated several times for uncertainty analysis. Thus a combination of quantitative and qualitative experimental results for the same Hele-Shaw cell configuration was obtained for validation of corresponding numerical simulation results. A numerical simulation of the phenomenon was carried out using the STOMP-WCS simulator. We found that in order to accurately simulate numerically the phenomenon occurring in the Hele-Shaw cell, existent variations in the cell apertures should be taken into account. Thus we observed a good agreement between the experimental and numerical results in terms of total dissolved CO2 mass, timescale of mass transport and morphology of the convection fingers. In addition correlations are obtained between total dissolved CO2 mass, arrival time of dissolved CO2 to bottom of the cell, and the Rayleigh number. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tooth Dimension Variations as a Gender Determinant in Permanent Maxillary Teeth

Background: Physical characteristics and the protection from the bone jaw preserve the dentition even when the bony structures of the body are destroyed. Due to this, the use of dental morphology to determine sexual dimorphism is a procedure established in anthropological and biological studies. Aim and objectives: This study aims to determine gender of an individual based on buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions of teeth and analyze if any sexual variation existed in both the dimensions of maxillary permanent teeth except second and third molars. Materials and methods: The study examined 100 individuals (50 males and 50 females) in the age group of 18-30 years. Buccolingual and Mesiodistal dimensions were measure using Yamayo Vernier Caliper (0.01mm calibration). Using SPSS version 20, Independent sample‘t’ test and step wise discriminant analysis were applied to the significant mean value and reliability of sexual variation. Results: Independent sample‘t’ test revealed that males have more mean value than females in buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions. Then to find the reliability of sexual variation step wise discriminant analysis was applied and it was found that Mesiodistal measurements are better suited than Buccolingual dimensions for sex discrimination when used independently. Conclusion: The mesiodistal dimension shows significant results marking reliable sexual dimorphism as compared to buccolingual dimension. Thus it can be concludes that both the dimensions must be taken into consideration for effective gender determination when applied in conjugation with skeletal and odontometric traits.
The USA as the ‘Demander of Last Resort’ and the Implications for China's Current Account

This paper evaluates the degree to which current account patterns are explained by the variables suggested by the literature, and reflects on possible future patterns. We start with panel regressions explaining the current account of 69 countries during 1981-2006. We identify an asymmetric effect of the US as the “demander of last resort:” a 1% increase in the lagged US imports/GDP is associated with 0.3% increase of current account surpluses of countries running surpluses, but with insignificant changes of current account deficits of countries running deficits. Overall, the panel regressions account for not more than 4/5 of the variation. We apply the regression results to assess China’s current account over the next six years, projecting a large drop in its account/GDP surpluses.
Persistence of Attempts to Reconcile a Terminated Romantic Relationship: A Partial Test of Relational Goal Pursuit Theory

Drawing on Relational Goal Pursuit Theory, we predicted that the following factors would foster persistence of attempted reconciliation following the breakup of a dating or romantic relationship: (a) the rejected partner's linking of the desired relationship with more important life goals; (b) the rejected partner's rumination about the ex-partner and the former relationship; (c) the rejected partner's belief that reconciliation attempts will be successful; and (d) the rejected partner's emotional distress regarding the failure to accomplish reconciliation. Results showed strong support for the theory, with linking, rumination, and self-efficacy being particularly predictive of persistence of reconciliation attempts.
Influence of Environmental Variables on the Diel Movements of the Greenland Shark ( Somniosus microcephalus ) in the St. Lawrence Estuary

The geographic distribution of the Greenland Shark ( Somniosus microcephalus ) extends from the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic Ocean. However, little is known about the habitat of this species, as it is generally found at great depths or in the High Arctic. In the St. Lawrence Estuary, Greenland Sharks undertake diel vertical movements into shallow water (≤ 30 m), but the reasons for these movements are unknown. To test the hypothesis that environmental variables drive the movements of this shark in the St. Lawrence Estuary, eight Greenland Sharks were tagged with acoustic telemetry transmitters during the summer of 2005. Three environmental factors, temperature, light, and tides, were associated with their movements. Movement patterns indicate a preference for deep, cold water during daylight hours and shallow, warmer water during the night. Ascending into shallow water mostly coincided with darkness and high tide. This improved understanding of the spatio-temporal distributionof the Greenland Shark will allow for assessment of the risk to these sharks from commercial fisheries, as occurs in the Greenland Halibut ( Reinhardtius hippoglossoides ) longline fishery. In addition, temperature-driven behavioural patterns may change as the thermal structure of the water column shifts due to global warming.
Metabolites from Resistant and Susceptible Pinus thunbergii after Inoculation with Pine Wood Nematode

Pine wilt disease (PWD), which is caused by pine wood nematodes (PWN), is one of the most serious forest diseases worldwide. To clarify the mechanism of resistance to PWD, we compared metabolites from resistant and susceptible Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) families after inoculation with PWN. After 2 weeks to 1 month post inoculation, the number of PWN dramatically increased in susceptible plants, but not in resistant plants. At this PWN-proliferation phase, ethyl acetate soluble fractions extracted from PWN-inoculated plants were analyzed by gas chromatogramphy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Although most compounds were qualitatively and quantitatively similar between resistant and susceptible plants, resistant plants accumulated 2.0-fold more linoleic acid (LA) than susceptible plants. On the other hand, benzoic acid (BA) was barely detected in resistant plants, but it accumulated in susceptible plants as the number of PWN increased. Susceptible plants contained greater levels of the nematicidal compounds pinosylvin and pinosylvin monomethyl ether, compared with resistant plants. These results suggested that LA is involved in the resistance reaction against PWN-proliferation, and that BA could be a good biomarker for PWD.
The relationship between muscular power and functional fitness among older adults

The purpose of the study was to determine whether functional fitness is a good predictor of average and peak muscular power among adults over the age of 65. The 30-second chair stand and 8-foot-up-and-go test were used to define functional fitness and were administered to 57 older adults. Muscular power output was measured using the Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer during 5 chair stands. Relative average and peak power were used in the analyses. An independent t-test was run on all variables to distinguish differences between men and women, and multiple regression analyses were performed to detect the relationship between the two functional fitness variables and muscular power. There were no differences between genders, and 53.5% variance in both relative average and peak power was accounted for by the functional fitness measures (p ≤ .05). Functional fitness, defined as 30-second chair stand and 8-foot-upand-go test, is a good predictor of average and peak muscular power. Keywords: functional fitness, muscular power, older adults MUSCULAR POWER & FUNCTIONAL FITNESS
RELATION BETWEEN DIVERSITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN WATERS AROUND NANRI ISLAND

Based on the investigation in waters around Nanri Island in spring and autumn of 2011, we analyzed spatial and temporal changes in species, abundance and diversity index of phytoplankton, and explored the relation between phytoplankton community structure and environment. The result showed that 106 species of phytoplankton, in 48 genera were identified, wherein diatom was the dominant species in abundance. Abundance in spring was significantly higher than that in autumn, ecological groups feature eurythermal and warm water species. Investigation showed that the heterogeneity of the marine environment of was high, and phytoplankton species diversity was low. Salinity and nutrients, as two major factors that influenced temporal and spatial variation of phytoplankton distribution abundance, were significantly correlated with phytoplankton abundance in spring. Compared to islands survey data during 1990-1991, dominant species were mainly few species, which succeed from domination of both dinoflagellate and diatom to domination of diatom.