Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the effects of galacto-oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota of healthy adults receiving amoxicillin treatment

In the present double-blind, randomised, parallel intervention study, the effects of the intake of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on the gut microbiota of twelve healthy adult subjects (aged 18–45 years with a normal BMI (18–25 kg/m2)) receiving amoxicillin (AMX) treatment were determined. All the subjects were treated with AMX (375 mg; three times per d) for 5 d and given either GOS (n 6) or placebo (maltodextrin, n 6) (2·5 g; three times per d) during and 7 d after AMX treatment. Faecal samples were collected twice before starting the treatment and on days 2, 5, 8, 12, 19 and 26. Due to AMX treatment, a decrease in the abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. , an overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae, and a disruption of the metabolic activity of the microbiota (increase in succinate, monosaccharide and oligosaccharide levels in the faecal samples) were observed in both groups (P< 0·05). Positive effects of GOS intake were observed on the levels of bifidobacteria, although not found to be significant. Data revealed that the levels of bifidobacteria were higher upon GOS intake than upon placebo intake, especially after AMX treatment. The activity of bifidobacteria and subsequent cross-feeding activity of the microbiota upon GOS intake compared with those upon placebo intake were reflected by the significant increase in butyrate levels (P< 0·05) in the faecal samples after AMX treatment. Despite the small number of subjects, our findings confirm previous results obtained in vitro, namely that GOS intake supports the recovery of the beneficial bifidobacteria and, indirectly, the production of butyrate after AMX treatment.
Increased angiotensin‐converting enzyme and type 1 angiotensin receptors in cortical vasculature and tubulointerstitium of chronically rejected human kidney allografts

SUMMARY: Chronic rejection of human renal allografts after transplantation is characterized by interstitial infiltration, arteriosclerosis and glomerulosclerosis in the grafts. Apart from tissue HLA compatibility, angiotensin II (AII) may be implicated in accelerating the processes of chronic rejection. In the present study, the cellular distribution of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and type 1 AII (AT1) receptors was mapped and compared in non‐rejected human kidneys (n = 8) and chronically rejected renal allografts (n = 9) using complementary immunohistochemistry and quantitative in vitro autoradiography. Chronically rejected allografts showed typical histopathological characteristics of tissue rejection, including concentric intimal thickening of intrarenal arteries, extensive or focal glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy and severe tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In rejected allografts, total ACE binding in the cortex was decreased to 46% of that in non‐rejected kidneys (P < 0.01), whereas AT1 receptor binding in the glomeruli and the inner stripe of the outer medulla was maintained. However, ACE and AT1 receptor binding were increased in the cortical tubulointerstitium of chronically rejected allografts. In non‐rejected kidneys, strong ACE immunostaining occurred in proximal tubules and vascular endothelium, whereas AT1 receptors occurred in vascular smooth muscle cells, as expected. In rejected allografts, intense ACE and AT1 receptor immunostaining were detected not only in the same sites as those non‐rejected kidneys, but also in cortical tubulointerstitium between atrophied tubules and surrounding the glomeruli. AT1 receptors were markedly up‐regulated in vascular smooth muscle cells of thickened atherosclerotic vessels. These results provide novel morphological evidence that increased expression and/or altered distribution of ACE and AT1 receptors in cortical tubulointerstitium and in the neointima of intrarenal arteries may play an important role in the progression of chronic rejection of human renal allografts after transplantation.
Minimally invasive surgery for pediatric trauma-a multicenter review.

INTRODUCTION The published experience with minimally invasive techniques to treat injured children is currently small. In this multicenter case series, we aimed to characterize the contemporary role of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in pediatric trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval at six pediatric regional trauma centers in the United States, a retrospective review was conducted on children who have undergone thoracoscopy or laparoscopy for the management of trauma over the past 13 years. RESULTS There were 200 patients with a mean age of 9.6 ± 4.2 years, and 73% were male. Laparoscopy was performed for 187 (94%) and thoracoscopy for 8 (4%), whereas 5 (2%) patients had both, for a total of 205 MIS procedures. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 36% (n=73). Median operative time was 77 (range, 16-369) minutes. Of the 132 procedures completed without conversion, 81 (61%) were diagnostic, whereas the remaining were therapeutic, including the repair of bowel injuries (n=20), distal pancreatectomy (n=5), splenectomy (n=2), repair of traumatic abdominal wall hernias (n=2), evacuation of hemothorax (n=3), and other thoracoscopic or laparoscopic interventions (n=19). Procedures that required conversion were most commonly for bowel injury (n=56). Patients with peritonitis were most likely to require conversion to an open procedure (77.4%). Mean time to a regular diet was 4.2 ± 8.6 days, and mean hospital stay was 6.3 ± 6.5 days. Postoperative complications occurred in 19 patients, long-term sequelae in 10 patients, and permanent disability in 2 patients. There were no deaths or missed injuries. CONCLUSIONS In the stable pediatric trauma patient, laparoscopy and thoracoscopy can be performed safely and effectively for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Discordant grading of aortic stenosis severity: which are the best cut-point values of aortic valve area and gradient to predict outcomes?

stratiﬁcation AS by CPX-RF is to GL-recommend ETT-RF. While CPX requires additional technology, its ability to predict mortality more accurately CPX might be prefered over standard ETT. Purpose: LV hypertrophy occurs in response to pressure overload associated with aortic stenosis (AS). LVH has been linked to occurrence of adverse events. However the impact of LV remodeling patterns (concentric vs. eccentric) on out- comes of AS remained unclear. The aim of this study was to examine prognostic value of LV pattern on mortality in AS patients. Methods: 669 patients with AS (54% severe) and LVEF > 50% were included. LV mass was calculated withthe ASEformula and was indexed to 2.7 power of height (LVMi). Relative wallthickness (RWT) ratio was calculated. According to LVMiand RWT, patients were classiﬁed into 4 LV patterns: normal, concentric remodeling (CR), concentric hypertrophy (CH) and eccentric hypertrophy (EH). Results: 122 (18%) had normal pattern, 156 (23%) had CR, 319 (48%) had CH and 72 (11%) had EH. Eight-year survival was 49% in patients with CH compared to 62% in CR or EH, and 71% in normal pattern (p < 0.0001). After adjustment for age, hypertension, coronary disease, diabetes, renal failure, and AS severity, there was a trend (p=0.09) for association between CH and mortality. There was an interaction (p=0.05) between LV pattern and gender with respect to impact on mortality: CH was associated with worse outcome in women (p < 0.0001, ﬁg) but not in men. Even after adjustment, CH (HR=1.62, p=0.01) was an independent predictor of death in women. Further adjustment for AVR provided similar results. determine the optimal cut-point values of AVA to outcomes in thisstudy. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)curves were analyzed to determine the overall accuracy (area under the curve, AUC)and optimal cut-point values (i.e. the best balance between sensitivity and speciﬁcity) of MG, peak aortic jet velocity (Vpeak), and AVA to predict aortic valve replacement (AVR) and mortality at 1-year and 2-year follow-up. a mean follow-up 5.6 3.8 deceased, AVR, 824 a composite end-point of AVR or death. The AUCs best cut-point values for prediction of AVR at 1- and 2-yr were for Vpeak: m/s, m/s; for point AVA: AUC=0.83, cut-point analysis of the composite of AVR or death results: AUCs cut-point AVR endpoint. The analysis of mortality AVA not Vpeak) signiﬁcant predictor for endpoint: 1-yr
Probing the Mucoadhesive Interactions Between Porcine Gastric Mucin and Some Water-Soluble Polymers.

This study investigates the structural features of porcine gastric mucin (PGM) in aqueous dispersions and its interactions with water-soluble polymers (poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), poly(ethylene oxide), and poly(ethylene glycol)) using isothermal titration calorimetry, turbidimetric titration, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. It is established that PAA (450 kDa) and PMAA (100 kDa) exhibit strong specific interactions with PGM causing further aggregation of its particles, while PAA (2 kDa), poly(ethylene oxide) (1 000 kDa), and poly(ethylene glycol) (10 kDa) do not show any detectable effects on mucin. Sonication of mucin dispersions prior to their mixing with PAA (450 kDa) and PMAA (100 kDa) leads to more pronounced intensity of interactions.
Advances in Biology of Skin. Vol IV: The Sebaceous Glands

Annually, since 1959, Montagna has edited a symposium held each January at Brown University. The 1962 conference on the biology of the sebaceous glands was perhaps the best to date. The book demands of the reader a strong interest in the fundamental biology of the skin but neither exceptional scientific training nor personal experience with research. While many of the papers in this collection have been heard in meetings elsewhere or are in part already published, nevertheless the information is collected in a complete, concise, and up-to-date form. Quite properly, references to clinical problems are few. The present volume offers detailed discussions of such difficult topics as the embryology, ultramicroscopy, and comparative anatomy of the follicular sebaceous glands. Two chapters on the free and ectopic sebaceous glands collect an impressive amount of recondite information and provide 137 references. Particularly valuable are the summaries of current knowledge of the surface lipids
Managing demand and capacity within child and adolescent mental health services: an evaluation of the Choice and Partnership Approach

This study evaluated the implementation of the Choice and Partnership Approach (CAPA), a clinical system designed to improve the management of demand and capacity within child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). The study aimed to investigate how CAPA had been implemented within CAMHS in England, to explore the experiences of staff working within teams who had implemented the system, and to determine the benefits and challenges of implementing CAPA in practice.The evaluation was conducted in three phases: an initial screening survey was sent out to all CAMHS teams in England; a follow‐up questionnaire was then sent to all teams implementing CAPA; and interviews and focus groups were then conducted with 62 service managers, clinicians and admin staff within six CAMHS teams who had implemented the system. A total of 213 screening questionnaires were completed, and 97 teams were identified as implementing CAPA; 57 of these teams completed follow‐up questionnaires.The results showed that, if well managed and implemented, demand and capacity models such as CAPA appear to provide teams with structured, formal planning mechanisms. However, if implemented poorly and without adequate management, then these models could contribute to confusion and overworking amongst staff. This investigation found the presence of facilitative management to be absolutely crucial for successful implementation of models of demand and capacity.
Re-annotation, improved large-scale assembly and establishment of a catalogue of noncoding loci for the genome of the model brown alga Ectocarpus.

The genome of the filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus was the first to be completely sequenced from within the brown algal group and has served as a key reference genome both for this lineage and for the stramenopiles. We present a complete structural and functional reannotation of the Ectocarpus genome. The large-scale assembly of the Ectocarpus genome was significantly improved and genome-wide gene re-annotation using extensive RNA-seq data improved the structure of 11 108 existing protein-coding genes and added 2030 new loci. A genome-wide analysis of splicing isoforms identified an average of 1.6 transcripts per locus. A large number of previously undescribed noncoding genes were identified and annotated, including 717 loci that produce long noncoding RNAs. Conservation of lncRNAs between Ectocarpus and another brown alga, the kelp Saccharina japonica, suggests that at least a proportion of these loci serve a function. Finally, a large collection of single nucleotide polymorphism-based markers was developed for genetic analyses. These resources are available through an updated and improved genome database. This study significantly improves the utility of the Ectocarpus genome as a high-quality reference for the study of many important aspects of brown algal biology and as a reference for genomic analyses across the stramenopiles.
Limited Hiatal Dissection Without Fundoplication Results in Comparable Symptomatic Outcomes to Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy with Anterior Fundoplication.

BACKGROUND Previous randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that partial fundoplication following Heller myotomy results in less pathologic acid exposure to the esophagus when compared to myotomy without fundoplication. Recent studies have questioned the necessity of a fundoplication, especially when a limited hiatal dissection (LHD) is performed and the angle of His is preserved. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective review of prospectively maintained data. All patients underwent primary Heller myotomy for achalasia over a 30-month period. In select patients, an LHD was performed anteriorly. Symptomatic outcomes were assessed up to 2 years postoperation using the Achalasia Severity Questionnaire (ASQ), Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI), and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL). RESULTS A total of 31 patients underwent Heller myotomy during the study interval. The majority of patients underwent Heller myotomy with full hiatal dissection (FHD) (21, 68%). Intraoperative mucosal perforations occurred in 3 (14%) patients undergoing FHD. Patient demographics, surgery details, and baseline symptomatic outcomes did not differ significantly preoperatively. At greater than 1 year postoperation, there was no significant difference between the groups for ASQ, GERD-HRQL, and GIGLI (P = .76, .78, and .33, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Heller myotomy with LHD and no fundoplication and Heller myotomy with FHD and partial fundoplication result in similar GERD-related quality of life outcomes. Further studies (including pH studies) are necessary to determine if fundoplication is a necessary step in selected patients in whom an LHD is possible.
Evaluating condylar position in different skeletal malocclusion patterns: A cephalometric study

Context: The cranial base and variations in its morphology affect the anterior-posterior positioning of jaws causing changes in the glenoid fossa and condylar position. Aims: To evaluate the condylar position in patients with different skeletal sagittal malocclusion patterns. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 112 subjects (both males and females) were categorized into three classes (Class I, Class II, Class III) based on their ANB angulation and studied for N-S-Ar (saddle angle), S-Ar-Go (articular angle), S-Ar (posterior cranial base length). Statistical Analysis: Shapiro-Wilk test was done to check for normality of the distribution of values. Groups were evaluated using parametric tests (one-way ANOVA). Significance for all tests was predetermined as P < 0.05. Results: N-S-Ar and S-Ar-Go and also S-Ar did not vary significantly in all the three classes. N-S-Ar and S-Ar-Go angles have shown a significant negative correlation in all the three classes. Conclusions: There is no significant difference in condylar position in different skeletal malocclusion patterns. N-S-Ar and S-Ar-Go angles show a negative correlation in any skeletal malocclusion pattern.
The PREMM(1,2,6) model predicts risk of MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 germline mutations based on cancer history.

BACKGROUND & AIMS We developed and validated a model to estimate the risks of mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 based on personal and family history of cancer. METHODS Data were analyzed from 4539 probands tested for mutations in MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6. A multivariable polytomous logistic regression model (PREMM(1,2,6)) was developed to predict the overall risk of MMR gene mutations and the risk of mutation in each of the 3 genes. The discriminative ability of the model was validated in 1827 population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. RESULTS Twelve percent of the original cohort carried pathogenic mutations (204 in MLH1, 250 in MSH2, and 71 in MSH6). The PREMM(1,2,6) model incorporated the following factors from the probands and first- and second-degree relatives (odds ratio; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]): male sex (1.9; 1.5-2.4), a CRC (4.3; 3.3-5.6), multiple CRCs (13.7; 8.5-22), endometrial cancer (6.1; 4.6-8.2), and extracolonic cancers (3.3; 2.4-4.6). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.82-0.91) for MLH1 mutation carriers, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83-0.92) for MSH2, and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.69-0.93) for MSH6; in validation, they were 0.88 for the overall cohort (95% CI, 0.86-0.90) and the population-based cases (95% CI, 0.83-0.92). CONCLUSIONS We developed the PREMM(1,2,6) model, which incorporates information on cancer history from probands and their relatives to estimate an individual's risk of mutations in the MMR genes MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6. This Web-based decision making tool can be used to assess risk of hereditary CRC and guide clinical management.
The Centre for Young People's Mental Health: Blending Epidemiology and Developmental Psychiatry

proposed c l i ~ c a l model fur the Centre for Young People’s Mental Health (CYPMH). It was developed by the Implementation Gmup for the CYPMH, and via discussion and elaborahun wth staff in each of the existing services. The contnbuhons of Ms Helen Szoke, Dr George Pattun, Professor Glen Bowes, Professor Bob Adler, Professor Peter F‘helan, Professor Bruce Smgh, Dr John Pattenon, Ms lennlfer Wilhams, MI Andrew Shpp, MI John Hedhtch and Mr Michael Clarke to the evolutmn of this service model are sincerely acknowledged.
Is there an association of vitamin B12 status with neurological function in older people? A systematic review

Low vitamin B12 status is common in older people; however, its public health significance in terms of neurological manifestations remains unclear. The present systematic review evaluated the association of vitamin B12 status with neurological function and clinically relevant neurological outcomes in adults aged 50+ years. A systematic search of nine bibliographic databases (up to March 2013) identified twelve published articles describing two longitudinal and ten cross-sectional analyses. The included study populations ranged in size (n 28–2287) and mean/median age (range 65–81 years). Studies reported various neurological outcomes: nerve function; clinically measured signs and symptoms of nerve function; self-reported neurological symptoms. Studies were assessed for risk of bias, and results were synthesised qualitatively. Among the general population groups of older people, one longitudinal study reported no association, and four of seven cross-sectional studies reported limited evidence of an association of vitamin B12 status with some, but not all, neurological outcomes. Among groups with clinical and/or biochemical evidence of low vitamin B12 status, one longitudinal study reported an association of vitamin B12 status with some, but not all, neurological outcomes and three cross-sectional analyses reported no association. Overall, there is limited evidence from observational studies to suggest an association of vitamin B12 status with neurological function in older people. The heterogeneity and quality of the evidence base preclude more definitive conclusions, and further high-quality research is needed to better inform understanding of public health significance in terms of neurological function of vitamin B12 status in older people.
A pyrosequencing study in twins shows that gastrointestinal microbial profiles vary with inflammatory bowel disease phenotypes.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota is thought to have an important role in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Interindividual variation and an inability to detect less abundant bacteria have made it difficult to correlate specific bacteria with disease. METHODS We used 454 pyrotag sequencing to determine the compositions of microbial communities in feces samples collected from a cohort of 40 twin pairs who were concordant or discordant for CD or UC, and in mucosal samples from a subset of the cohort. The cohort primarily comprised patients who were in remission, but also some with active disease. RESULTS The profiles of the microbial community differed with disease phenotypes; relative amounts of bacterial populations correlated with IBD phenotypes. The microbial compositions of individuals with CD differed from those of healthy individuals, but were similar between healthy individuals and individuals with UC. Profiles from individuals with CD that predominantly involved the ileum differed from those with CD that predominantly involved the colon; several bacterial populations increased or decreased with disease type. Changes specific to patients with ileal CD included the disappearance of core bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, and increased amounts of Enterobacteriaceae and Ruminococcus gnavus. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial populations differ in abundance among individuals with different phenotypes of CD. Specific species of bacteria are associated with ileal CD; further studies should investigate their role in pathogenesis.