Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of the Dairy Farms: A Study from Azores (Portugal)

Abstract Azores dairy represents 30% of Portuguese production. The farms are dominated by family nature and a relevant part of them are an exclusive source of the producer’s income. Nowadays, the milk production has some problems due to the falling prices of milk on the producer and the European milk quotes abolishment. This situation requires the assessment of the Azorean dairy farms efficiency as a way to rationalize the use of the factors of production for the milk production. The aim of this research is to estimate the Technical Efficiency (TE) in two different groups of farms, of which the used criteria were to earn incomes exclusively from farm (Full-Time Farmer, FTF) or to have another complementary source of income (Partial-Time Farmer, PTF). The farms database was provided by a farmers’ association and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was chosen for modelling TE estimation. The main findings show the inexistence of substantial differences in the farms performance with or without complementary sources of income (0.679 for PTF and 0.689 for FTF). However, the most efficient farms are related with the main source of income.
A three‐dimensional computer model analysis of three hypothetical biofilm detachment mechanisms

Three hypothetical mechanisms of detachment were incorporated into a three‐dimensional computer model of biofilm development. The model integrated processes of substrate utilization, substrate diffusion, growth, cell advection, and detachment in a cellular automata framework. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize each of the mechanisms with respect to four criteria: the resulting biofilm structure, the existence of a steady state, the propensity for sloughing events, and the dynamics during starvation. The three detachment mechanisms analyzed represented various physical and biological influences hypothesized to affect biofilm detachment. The first invoked the concept of fluid shear removing biomass that protrudes far above the surface and is therefore subjected to relatively large drag forces. The second pathway linked detachment to changes in the local availability of a nutrient. The third pathway simulated an erosive process in which individual cells are lost from the surface of a biofilm cell cluster. The detachment mechanisms demonstrated diverse behaviors with respect to the four analysis criteria. The height‐dependant mechanism produced flat, steady state biofilms that lacked sloughing events. Detachment based on substrate limitation produced significant sloughing events. The resulting biofilm structures included distinct, hollow clusters separated by channels. The erosion mechanism produced neither a non‐zero steady state nor sloughing events. A mechanism combining all three‐detachment mechanisms produced mushroom‐like structures. The dynamics of biofilm decay during starvation were distinct for each detachment mechanism. These results show that detachment is a critical determinant of biofilm structure and of the dynamics of biofilm accumulation and loss. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 97: 1573–1584. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
For God and For My Country: Pentecostal-charismatic Churches and the Framing of a New Political Discourse in Uganda

Publisher Rights Statement: © Bompani, B. (2015). For God and For My Country: Pentecostal-charismatic Churches and the Framing of a New Political Discourse in Uganda. In E. Chitando, & A. van Klinken (Eds.), Public Religion and Issues of Homosexuality in Contemporary Africa. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. https://www.routledge. com/PublicReligion-and-the-Politics-of-Homosexuality-in-Africa/Klinken-Chitando/p/book/9781472445513
Effects of unilateral cochlea removal on anteroventral cochlear nucleus neurons in developing gerbils

Afferent regulation of neurons in the cochlear nucleus as a function of age was investigated at the light microscope level. Unilateral cochlea removal was performed on Mongolian gerbils of three age groups: 1, 8, and 20 weeks postnatal. Animals survived for either 2 days or 2 weeks. An additional group of neonatally operated animals had a prolonged survival of 9 weeks. The number of neurons in anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) was counted, and cross‐sectional area measurements of large spherical cells in AVCN were made.
Antepartum Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Analysis from a Northern Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Background: Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) contributes significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality globally, particularly in the developing world like ours. Prevention, early detection, and prompt management cannot be overemphasized to significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Objectives: The study is aimed at determining the prevalence, etiology, sociodemographic characteristics, and the fetomaternal outcome of pregnancies complicated by APH in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Materials and Methods: A 5 years retrospective study of all pregnancies complicated by APH at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013, was conducted. Results: A total of 224 cases of APH were recorded out of the 18,273 cases admitted for delivery during the study period, giving an institutional prevalence rate of 1.2%. Two hundred and eighteen folders were retrieved and analyzed giving a retrieval rate of 97.3%. The mean gestational age at presentation was 35.3 ± 2 weeks and the most common causes were abruptio placenta and placenta previa constituting 68.3% and 30.0%, respectively. Sociodemographic characteristics associated with the occurrence of APH included age, booking status, parity, and socioeconomic status. The peak prevalence of APH was observed in the 35–39 year age group accounting for 33.0%. There were 123 live births and 92 stillbirths. The cesarean section rate was 53.5%. Major complications were intrauterine fetal deaths in 42.8%, postpartum hemorrhage in 24.2% of cases, and anemia necessitating blood transfusion in 61.5%. There were three maternal deaths all due to abruptio placentae during the study period giving a case specific fatality rate of 2%. Conclusion: The prevalence of APH in our setting is high. The major causes were abruptio placenta and placenta previa. The major fetal complication was intrauterine fetal death, and the major maternal complications were postpartum hemorrhage and anemia with consequent high blood transfusion rate. Early detection, provision of antenatal care, and emergency obstetric care services can reduce the negative effects of APH.
Impact of Organization Politics on Human Resource Management Practices and Employee Performance

Purpose- The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of nepotism & favoritism as a form of organization politics on HRM practices and employee performance. Design/Methodology- Explanatory research design was employed to determine the effect of nepotism & favoritism on HRM practices and employee performance. Primary data collection method was used among employees working in different public-sector hospitals based on their accessibility. For this study, the sample of 150 employees was used. The adapted questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Findings- The correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between favoritism, employee performance & HRM practices whereas nepotism has a significant association with employee performance but the insignificant relationship with HRM practices. The outcomes of the study unveiled a significantly negative effect of nepotism on employee performance & HRM practices while favoritism has a significantly positive effect on employee performance & HRM practices. Practical Implications- The study outcomes might help public sector hospitals HR department to incorporate some changes regarding their policies to prevent the nepotistic & favoritism practices which can lead to creating a politics in the organization in which everyone works to fulfill his or her self- interest without focusing towards organizational goals achievement.
The Driver With Dementia: A Survey of Physician Attitudes, Knowledge, and Practice

Background: One of the most difficult issues physicians must address when caring for persons with dementia is fitness to drive. The purpose of this project was to investigate the attitudes, knowledge, and practices of physicians toward drivers with dementia. Methods: A questionnaire that obtained perspectives about and experiences with drivers’ with dementia was mailed to physicians from North Carolina and South Carolina. Results: The sample was comprised of 239 physicians who worked with persons with dementia. Respondents who were aware of the Physician’s Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers, had a strong perceived role regarding driving, were older, and believed it was important to address driving were more likely to engage in driving discussions. Conclusions: Concerns associated with the driver with dementia have implications for not only patient care but also public safety. We recommend that all physicians be encouraged to address the issue and utilize existing educational materials.
A Theory of Structural Change that Can Fit the Data

We study structural change in the historical consumption expenditure of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia over more than a century. We characterize the most general class of preferences in a time-additive setting that admits aggregation of the saving decision and allows us to identify preference parameters from aggregate data. We parameterize and estimate such intertemporally aggregable (IA) preferences and discuss their properties in a dynamic general equilibrium framework with sustained growth. Our preference class is considerably more flexible than the Gorman form or PIGL, giving rise to a good fit of the non-monotonic pattern of structural change. (JEL C51, E21, L16, N10)
Continuous monitoring of prostate position using stereoscopic and monoscopic kV image guidance.

PURPOSE To demonstrate continuous kV x-ray monitoring of prostate motion using both stereoscopic and monoscopic localizations, assess the spatial accuracy of these techniques, and evaluate the dose delivered from the added image guidance. METHODS The authors implemented both stereoscopic and monoscopic fiducial localizations using a room-mounted dual oblique x-ray system. Recently developed monoscopic 3D position estimation techniques potentially overcome the issue of treatment head interference with stereoscopic imaging at certain gantry angles. To demonstrate continuous position monitoring, a gold fiducial marker was placed in an anthropomorphic phantom and placed on the Linac couch. The couch was used as a programmable translation stage. The couch was programmed with a series of patient prostate motion trajectories exemplifying five distinct categories: stable prostate, slow drift, persistent excursion, transient excursion, and high frequency excursions. The phantom and fiducial were imaged using 140 kVp, 0.63 mAs per image at 1 Hz for a 60 s monitoring period. Both stereoscopic and monoscopic 3D localization accuracies were assessed by comparison to the ground-truth obtained from the Linac log file. Imaging dose was also assessed, using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter inserts in the phantom. RESULTS Stereoscopic localization accuracy varied between 0.13 ± 0.05 and 0.33 ± 0.30 mm, depending on the motion trajectory. Monoscopic localization accuracy varied from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 1.1 ± 0.7 mm. The largest localization errors were typically observed in the left-right direction. There were significant differences in accuracy between the two monoscopic views, but which view was better varied from trajectory to trajectory. The imaging dose was measured to be between 2 and 15 μGy/mAs, depending on location in the phantom. CONCLUSIONS The authors have demonstrated the first use of monoscopic localization for a room-mounted dual x-ray system. Three-dimensional position estimation from monoscopic imaging permits continuous, uninterrupted intrafraction motion monitoring even in the presence of gantry rotation, which may block kV sources or imagers. This potentially allows for more accurate treatment delivery, by ensuring that the prostate does not deviate substantially from the initial setup position.
Progressive Entrustment to Achieve Resident Autonomy in the Operating Room: A National Qualitative Study With General Surgery Faculty and Residents

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify behaviors that faculty and residents exhibit during intraoperative interactions, which support or inhibit progressive entrustment leading to operative autonomy. Background: In the operating room, a critical balance is sought between direct faculty supervision and appropriate increase in resident autonomy with indirect faculty supervision. Little is known regarding perspectives of faculty and residents about how attendings increasingly step back and safely delegate autonomy to trainees. Understanding the context in which these decisions are made is critical to achieving a safe strategy for imparting progressive responsibility. Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken from January 2014 to February 2015. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 37 faculty and 59 residents from 14 and 41 institutions, respectively. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling from general surgery residency programs across the United States to represent a range of university, university-affiliated, and community programs, and geographic regions. Audio recordings of interviews were transcribed, iteratively analyzed, and emergent themes identified. Results: Six themes were identified as influencing progressive entrustment in the operating room: optimizing faculty intraoperative feedback; policies and regulations affecting role of resident in the operating room; flexible faculty teaching strategies; context-specific variables; leadership opportunities for resident in the case; and safe struggle for resident when appropriate. Conclusions: Perspectives of faculty and residents while overlapping were different in emphasis. Better understanding faculty–resident interactions, individual behaviors, contextual influences, and national regulations that influence intraoperative education have the potential to significantly affect progressive entrustment in training paradigms.
Improved survival in a retrospective cohort of 28 dogs with insulinoma.

OBJECTIVES To determine the survival times for a cohort of dogs with insulinoma and to describe the impact of medical therapy both in non-surgical cases and in surgical cases following relapse. METHODS A retrospective study of dogs with insulinoma is presented. The Kaplan-Meier method is used to evaluate the survival characteristics of this population. RESULTS Twenty-eight dogs were included in the study. The median survival time for all dogs was 547 days. Nineteen patients underwent partial pancreatectomy. The median survival time for this group was 785 days and for those subsequently receiving prednisolone therapy on relapse it was 1316 days. Perioperative complications are discussed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Survival times in this study exceed those in other studies published previously. In part, this is explained by an improved remission duration following surgery compared with previous reports. More striking though is the longevity of patients following institution of medical therapy. These data give strong objective support to the role of medical therapy in the management of canine insulinoma, including following relapse after surgically induced remission.
Measuring Disparities in the Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines a health disparity as a “[health] difference that occurs by gender, race or ethnicity, education or income, disability, geographic location, or sexual orientation. ” Health equity is achieved by eliminating health disparities or inequalities. Measuring health disparities is a critical first step toward reducing differences in health outcomes. To determine the methods to be used in measuring a health disparity, several decisions must be made, which include: (1) selecting a reference group for the comparison of 2 or more groups; (2) determining whether a disparity should be measured in absolute or in relative terms; (3) opting to measure health outcomes or health indicators expressed as adverse or favorable events; (4) selecting a method to monitor a disparity over time; and (5) choosing to measure a disparity as a pair-wise comparison between 2 groups or in terms of a summary measure of disparity among all groups for a particular characteristic. Different choices may lead to different conclusions about the size and direction of health disparities at a point in time and changes in disparities over time. The objective of this article is to review the methods for measuring health disparities, provide examples of their use, and make specific recommendations for measuring disparities in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Fine structure of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene

The human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene has been characterized by molecular cloning, mapping, and DNA sequencing techniques. The entire gene, which is about 44 kilobases in length, is composed of nine exon elements. The positions of the introns within the coding sequence are identical to those of the previously-characterized mouse HPRT gene, although there are significant differences between intron sizes for the two genes. HPRT minigenes have been used in a transient expression assay involving microinjection into HPRT- cells to demonstrate functional promoter activity within a 234-base-pair region upstream from the ATG codon. The promoter of this gene resembles those of other recently characterized "housekeeping" genes in that it lacks CAAT- and TATA-like sequences, but contains several copies of the sequence GGGCGG. Both RNase protection and primer extension analysis indicate that human HPRT mRNA is heterogeneous at the 5' terminus, with transcription initiation occurring at sites located congruent to 104 to congruent to 169 base pairs upstream from the ATG codon. Comparison of the mouse and human HPRT 5'-flanking sequences indicates that there are only limited stretches of conserved sequence, although there are other shared features, such as an extremely high density of potential methylation sites, that may have functional significance.
Stock market and its liquidity: Evidence from ARDL bound testing approach in the Indian context

Abstract This paper attempts to capture the relationship between stock market movements and its endogenous liquidity measures using Autoregressive Distributed-lag (ARDL) Bounds Testing Approach. We consider depth, breadth, tightness, immediacy and resiliency dimensions of market liquidity using suitable liquidity measures (proxies). Findings suggest that multidimensional liquidity measures like the volume of trade, spread, market efficiency coefficient, turnover rate, trading probability, and the stock market index are in a long-term relationship. While trading activity and market efficiency coefficient affect stock market positively, the negative impact is seen in the case of spread. The liquidity measures affect the stock market in the short run as well. We find that impact of the turnover rate on the stock market is negative in short-run but positive in the long-run. The findings are important for investors and the market participants as well who pursue loss minimization strategies. The results indicate that short-term policy interventions need not get more important than the long-term objectives of market reforms.
Reliability of power output during intermittent high-intensity cycling.

PURPOSE We determined the number of trials on consecutive days required to establish high reliability of an intermittent high-intensity cycling test in subjects unfamiliar with multiple-sprint exercise. We also examined the extent to which this reliability could be maintained for 6 d. METHODS Five untrained men performed a multiple-sprint test (10 x 7 s, with each sprint separated by 30 s) on each of four consecutive days (days 1-4), then rested for 6 d, and finally performed two additional tests on consecutive days (days 11 and 12). For statistical comparisons (analyses of variance), mean power outputs during sprints 8, 9, and 10 (MP8-10) on each test day were calculated for each of the 4th, 5th, and 6th seconds of the sprints, i.e., MP8-10(4th), MP8-10(5th), and MP8-10(6th). Peak power during each sprint was also examined. RESULTS For days 3 and 4, values for MP8-10(4th), MP8-10(5th), and MP8-10(6th) were greater than on day 1 (P < 0.05). MP8-10(6th) on day 2 was also greater than on day 1 (P < 0.05). There were no differences in MP8-10 among days 2, 3, 4, 11, and 12. Also, peak power on day 1 was lower (P < 0.05) than peak power for all other days, which were not different from one another. The coefficients of variation (CV) for MP8-10 on day 3 versus day 4 were 3.3%, 2.5%, and 2.9% for MP8-10(4th), MP8-10(5th), and MP8-10(6th), respectively. The CV for MP8-10(4th), MP8-10(5th), and MP8-10(6th) on days 4, 11, and 12 ranged from 2.1 to 3.9%, with an overall mean of 3.1%. The greatest CV for MP8-10 was 5.2% for MP8-10(6th) on days 2 versus 3 and 2 versus 4. The mean CV for peak power for all pairwise combinations of days 4, 11, and 12 was 2.8%. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, satisfactory reliability of intermittent cycling tests is achieved after two familiarization sessions identical to the tests, and that reliability can be maintained for 6 d.
Prevention of overweight in the school arena

This paper gives an overview of studies with the main purpose to intervene against obesity in children at the school arena. Through databases and Cochrane reviews, 14 studies fulfilled the criteria for inclusion. Most of the studies are American and none were performed in Scandinavia. The European studies were performed in Germany and in the United Kingdom. The studies, which had a significant effect on overweight were ‘Dance for Health’, ‘Planet Health’, ‘San Jose Study’, ‘Kiel Obesity Prevention Study’, ‘Healthy Schools’ programme, ‘El Paso Catch’, and ‘Medical College of Georgia FitKid Project’. The studies differ greatly in regards to age group, type of and length of intervention and type and amount of actions. Furthermore, the measures used to evaluate the effect differed. It seems to be important to use several measures of obesity in order to accurately detect a possible effect.
Two-layer observer-based FDI with application to NREL 5 MW wind turbine model

In this paper, a two-layer fault detection and isolation (FDI) scheme with application in wind turbines is presented. Commonly, model-based FDI concepts use a suitable mathematical model of the plant as a redundancy for on-line available data such as measurements and control outputs. In addition, the proposed two-layer concept exploits the redundancy between component and structure models at their common physical interfaces. It is shown by a illustrated example how the FDI problem can be formalized to a two-layer scheme. First, the models of both layers are proposed, a observer is derived for the component-layer and combined with the structure-layer. Applicability is shown by means of the NREL 5 MW reference wind turbine with objective of detection and isolation of parameter faults in the blade slewing bearings and blade structure.