Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context-Specific Drinking Risks Among Young People.

BACKGROUND Limited research suggests the context in which drinking occurs may contribute to specific alcohol-related consequences. Therefore the aims are to (i) determine whether the use of drinking contexts affects risks for several drinking consequences among young people in the general population and (ii) assess the degree to which additional risks are associated with greater levels of drinking in those contexts. METHODS A New Zealand survey of 16- to 29-year-olds asked about context-specific drinking and incidence of alcohol-related consequences grouped as follows: total, alcohol-related disorderly behavior, symptoms of dependence, effects of heavier drinking, and felt effects the next day. A context-specific dose-response model separated the effects of frequency (i.e., how often someone consumes 1 drink in each context) and context-specific quantity (i.e., the count of each successive drink consumed above the first), and these were estimated as predictors of consequences. Demographic covariates were included. RESULTS Exposure (number of visits): Increased exposure to drinking at bars/nightclubs, even at a very low level of consumption, that is, 1 drink, was independently related to the experience of greater consequences, including alcohol-related disorderly behavior. Risks for alcohol-related consequences were more strongly related to exposure to bars/nightclubs than they were to heavier drinking in that context. Greater use of private motor vehicles and outdoor public places was also associated with greater consequences (independently of the heavier drinking in these contexts). Quantity: Risk of consequences associated with others' home, restaurants, and own home depended primarily on quantity consumed. CONCLUSIONS Bars/nightclubs are inherently risky contexts for drinking by young people and improved controls are required. Drinking at others' home, private motor vehicles, and outdoor public places were also associated with consequences; prevention efforts increasing the price and reducing the availability of takeaway alcohol should work to reduce consequences at these contexts. Innovative context-specific interventions may be useful.
Identification of loci associated with putative recurrence genes in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Following an earlier study linking monosomy 9 with recurrence of transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the urinary bladder, 109 primary and recurrent TCCs (from 47 patients) were examined to explore genetic alterations at chromosome 9 associated with recurrence. Patient DNA was microdissected and extracted from archival tissue sections and analysed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at three regions on chromosome 9 where tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) are known to reside (INK 4A, DBC1, and TSC1). Patients were categorized into two groups, non‐recurrent TCC (NR, n=18) and recurrent TCC (REC, n=29). It was noted that 12% of NR tumours, compared with 54% of REC primary tumours (p=0.01), had LOH at all informative markers spanning the TSC1 region. The risk of recurrence was significantly higher in patients with deleted TSC1 than in those who retained the TSC1 region (p=0.035). Levels of LOH at DBC1 or INK 4A were not significantly different in NR tumours than in REC primary tumours and recurrence‐free survival was not affected by loss of either of these genes. Loss of all informative markers spanning chromosome 9 was observed in 0% of NR tumours compared with 25% of REC primary tumours (p=0.04). The probability of recurrence was also significantly increased in patients who had LOH at all informative markers spanning chromosome 9 (p=0.016), confirming earlier fluorescence in situ hybridization results. This study provides further evidence that recurrence in bladder cancer is a distinct event, with underlying molecular causes. It also identifies the TSC1 locus as a candidate for a TSG, which drives recurrence in a proportion of TCC patients. Loss of all informative markers, including those residing in the TSC1 region, spanning chromosome 9 was also linked to recurrence. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of hormonal contraceptives on blood pressure, urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate.

AIM In short-term studies, hormonal contraceptives (HC) have been suggested to induce a rise in blood pressure (BP) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE), while the effect of HC in renal function (GFR) is still under debate. Data on long-term and withdrawal effects of HC use on these outcomes are, however, not available. We therefore studied whether the start and cessation of HC induce changes in BP, UAE and GFR. METHODS We used data from the PREVEND Study, a prospective cohort of subjects aged 28-75 years. Eligible were women aged < or = 45 years with complete clinical and pharmacy data on baseline and follow-up screening (4 years later). Multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of HC on BP, UAE and GFR in those who started (n = 73), stopped (n = 117) or continued (n = 183) with those who never used HC (n = 286) as the reference group. RESULTS BP increased among starters and fell in stoppers. These changes compared with never-users were statistically significant, even after adjustment for relevant variables. UAE increased by 14.2% in starters (P = 0.074) and fell by 10.6% in stoppers (P = 0.021), while GFR fell by 6.3% in starters (P < 0.001) and did not change in stoppers. The effects of stopping HC on UAE and GFR were significantly different compared with changes among never-users, even after adjustment for other variables (P = 0.023 and 0.036, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The start of HC was independently associated with worsening of BP, UAE and GFR, while stopping HC use resulted in an improvement. These data suggest that long-term HC use (aged 28-45 years) may be deleterious from the cardiovascular and renal point of view, but stopping may result in correction of these effects.
A Human Neutralizing Antibody against a Conformational Epitope Shared by Oligomeric Sars S1 Protein

An antibody phage-display library was constructed from the B cells of convalescent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients and screened using inactivated SARS coronavirus (CoV) virions as antigens. More than 80 positive clones were isolated from the library and one of them, scFv H12, was extensively characterized. scFv H12 bound to SARS-CoV with high affinity (equilibrium dissociation constant, Kd=73.5 nM), and neutralized SARS virions in vitro. The facts that scFv H12 bound to the SARS-S1 protein under non-reducing conditions and that it did not bind to monomeric S1 protein under reducing conditions strongly suggest that scFv H12 recognizes a conformational epitope shared by oligomeric S1 proteins. This study should aid in the manufacture of neutralizing antibody, provide a better understanding the immunological characteristics of SARS protein and facilitate the design of a SARS vaccine.
Alleviation of Drought Stress by Seed Priming in Tall Wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv.)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the role of hydro and osmopriming on improvement of germination parameters of Tall Wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum) under simulated drought stress by PEG. Germination was delayed by drought stress in primed and nonprimed seeds. With increasing the osmotic potential, all of the investigated traits began to decrease. Seeds were able to germinate at 0, −0.4 and −0.8 MPa concentrations of PEG but dearth seed germination was observed at −1.2 MPa. Osmopriming increased germination parameters under drought stress rather than hydropriming treatment. Finally, Tall Wheatgrass did have positive reaction in both priming treatments on germination parameters especially at lowest osmotic potentials (-1.2 MPa).
Pseudomembranous and obstructive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis – optimal diagnostic strategy and outcome

Pseudomembranous and obstructive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis (PMATB/OATB) are still considered to be refractory to therapy and to have a fatal outcome. To evaluate the optimal diagnostic strategy and to describe factors affecting the outcome of PMATB and OATB. Retrospective analysis of four new cases of PMATB and OATB combined with 16 previously reported cases over a 10‐year period (1995–2004). Among the four new cases reported and the 16 published cases, four patients survived their infection. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the group of ventilated patients [94% (15 of 16 patients)] than in the group of non‐ventilated patients [25% (1 of 4 patients), P < 0.05, Fisher's exact test]. In all 20 patients, diagnosis was established by bronchoscopy. Culture examination of mucous plugs was positive in 8 of 10, culture of the tracheobronchial aspirate was positive in 8 of 12, and bronchoalveolar lavage was diagnostic in 7 of 13 patients. All bronchoscopic techniques were complementary in improving the yield of bronchoscopy. However, microscopy of mucous plugs and/or necrotic material was the best diagnostic modality [positive in 94% (17 of 18 patients)]. Prognosis of PMATB and OATB remains poor. Microscopy of respiratory specimens is the most sensitive tool to confirm the diagnosis. The characteristic appearance of the disease makes it possible to start antifungal therapy immediately.
IgE-dependent expression of mRNA for IL-4 and IL-5 in human lung mast cells.

By using the reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and in situ hybridization we have studied the expression of mRNA for IL-5 and IL-4 in human lung mast cells induced by cross-linkage of high affinity Fc epsilon Rs. Lung mast cells were purified using affinity magnetic selection with mAb YB5.B8 against c-kit to achieve a final mast cell purity > 93%. Purified mast cells were precultured with stem cell factor (SCF) (10 ng/ml) and myeloma IgE (3 micrograms/ml) for 16 h before challenge with anti-IgE (1 or 10 micrograms/ml). IgE-dependent activation of lung mast cells caused expression of IL-5 mRNA, which was evident by 2 h and persisted for up to 48-72 h in all of 12 experiments, whereas IL-4 mRNA expression was of a shorter duration and was demonstrable in 6 of 13 experiments. We confirmed that mast cells, and not T cells, were the source of these cytokine messages by using reverse transcriptase-PCR in cell preparations containing known numbers of mast cells and T cells, in situ hybridization in enriched mast cell preparations, and double in situ hybridization-immunocytochemical staining. IL-5 mRNA expression did not require the pretreatment of cells with SCF, whereas expression of IL-4 mRNA seemed to require both anti-IgE and SCF. The strength of IL-5 mRNA signal was related to anti-IgE concentration. Immunoreactive IL-5 was detectable 8 h after anti-IgE challenge, and 10(6) mast cells generated a mean of 731 +/- 400 pg of IL-5 into the supernatant during 48-h culture, but no IL-4 product was detectable. These findings demonstrate the capacity of human lung mast cells to transcribe IL-4 and IL-5 after IgE-dependent activation and to synthesize and release immunoreactive IL-5.
Quality and Safety Conditions of Flocked Oats (Avena Sativa L.) Stored in Bags

Oats (Avena sativa L.) have reached the healthy food market worldwide due to its special nutrients composition and fiber high quality. Therefore, quality & safety control is a must, both during the storage and commercialization stages. The current study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics (flakes size/variation %, pH, moisture content-mc, water activity-aw), living organisms (insects & mites / mycoflora fungi load& genera identification), mycotoxins(ochratoxin A – OTA / zearalenone – ZON / aflatoxins – AFLs / esterigmatocistin – EST)andthe storage conditions of flocked oats stored inbags.Regarding the oats physicochemical characteristics, flakes particle size varied, however most of the samples present size uniformityand only one sample had high percentage of residue. That indicates high insects and other living organisms activity (consumption / proliferation) of oats starch and other nutrients. The analysis through 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) in Berlin, Germany, October 7-11, 2018 Julius-Kühn-Archiv 463 61 stereomicroscope showed intense presence of insects and mites. Samples were seen also sheltering those living organisms (27%), which are not allowed by regulation (no soils, parasites and larvae presence). As expected, mc (10.8-13.2%) and/or aw (0.61-0.90) varied, however they kept on the safer levels (< 13% / 0.90) insects/mites and fungi growth wise. With respect to pH, it varied from4.1to 5.85, indicating some rancidity/fermentation reactions taking place, thus changes in organoleptic parameters. The total fungi load ranged from 3x102 to 1.29x105 CFU/g, withAspergillus and Rhizopusthe genera more identified. Only one sample was toxin contaminated (OTA 80 μg/kg). Insects are known vectors of fungal spores and can spread their hyphae on their dead/live skeleton, apart from mites that can trigger allergies in humans and animals. Therefore, current data demonstrate that despite the storage conditions control application, living organisms can occur in flocked oats (stored in bags) and it is necessary to apply decontamination methods to control/prevent their proliferation.
Agronomic performance and protein content of Pereskia aculeata Mill . using organic chicken manure fertilizer

Pereskia aculeata Mill is a rustic and perennial plant, developing well in various types of soil, both in the shade and in the sun. It is a plant with high nutritional potential indicated as an alternative food. The current study aimed to evaluate yield and protein content of Pereskia aculeata Mill. under different levels of organic chicken manure fertilizer. A completely randomized design was conducted with five treatments and four replicates. Replications consisted of two experimental plots that contained ‘ora-pro-nobis’ plant. The treatments referred to different levels of organic chicken manure fertilizer, such as T1_control (soil + 0 kg m -2 of chicken manure); T2_(soil + 2 kg m -2 of chicken manure); T3_(soil + 4 kg m -2 of chicken manure); T4_(soil + 6 kg m -2 of chicken manure); T5_(soil + 8 kg m -2 of chicken manure). The following traits were evaluated: shoot length (cm); total leaf area; leaf number; root length (cm); root volume (mL); root dry mass (g); shoot fresh mass (g); shoot dry mass (g) and crude protein content (g 100g -1 ). Results indicated significant increase in yield and protein content of Pereskia aculeata (12.21 g 100g -1 ) by enhancing the levels of chicken manure. Therefore, a recommendation of 3.5 kg m -2 of chicken manure can be made on soils of average fertility using in organic farming systems under similar conditions to this experiment.
Planetary sciences and exploration : An Indian perspective

Studies of cosmic ray records in meteorites and lunar samples in the nineteen sixties mark the beginning of research in planetary sciences in India. These studies led to very significant results that include discovery of ancient solar flare records in meteorites and constancy of solar and galactic cosmic ray fluxes over long (million year) time scales. Several research groups in India studied fossil records of nuclear track, noble gas, nitrogen, trace element and radioactivity in returned Apollo and Luna samples to understand both the nature of long-term solar wind, solar energetic particle and galactic cosmic ray fluxes as well as chemistry of lunar rocks and soils and their evolution on the lunar surface. The identification of meteorites of martian origin has also led to studies of such meteorites to understand the evolution of martian atmosphere over time. Analysis of diagnostic trace elements in samples of Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary and chronology of Deccan volcanism supported asteroid impact as the cause of extinction of life ∼65 million years ago. Studies of impact craters records in the Indian shield have also been pursued and led to the identification of new impact structures. The realization that some primitive meteorites host refractory oxides and silicates that are some of the first solids to form in the solar system has opened a new window to study the events and time scales leading to the origin and early evolution of the solar system. Meticulous studies of isotope records in early solar system solids using secondary ion and noble gas mass spectrometry techniques, primarily done at the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad led to the identification of fossil records of short-lived nuclides of stellar origin in early solar system solids. Studies of these records provided a chronological framework for the origin and early evolution of the solar system, led to the identification of the short-lived nuclide Al as the heat source for early melting of planetesimals and bolstered the proposal for a supernova triggered origin of our solar system. Studies of planetary astronomy carried out in India have also led to significant results that include the discovery of the rings of Uranus and of new asteroids. Observations of cometary dust and emission of X-rays from planets as well as analytical modelling of martian ionosphere and aerosols and cometary atmosphere have also yielded important results. A new chapter in planetary science research in India was scripted with the successful launch of Chandrayaan-1 on 22 October, 2008. The data obtained by instruments onboard Chandrayaan-1 has already yielded significant new results and the Chandrayaan-2 mission is being planned with a targeted launch in 2012. Future planetary exploration plans are being formulated with Mars and comets/asteroids as plausible targets. This review provides a brief outline of planetary research activities in India from the very beginning, a broad outline of important contributions made during the last two decades and a future perspective, including those for planetary exploration.
Biodiversity of manglicolous fungi on selected plants in the Godavari and Krishna deltas , East coast of India

The examination of decaying mangrove materials belonging to 9 host plant species collected from Godavari and Krishna deltas (Andhra Pradesh), east coast of India from August, 1993 to November, 1995 resulted in the identification of88 fungi. These include 65 Ascomycetes (74%), one Basidiomycete and 22 Mitosporic fungi (25%) (including 6 Coelomycetes and 16 Hyphomycetes). Among the 9 plants examined, maximum number of species (64) were recorded from Rhizophora apicu/ata, followed by Avicennia officinalis (55), A. marina (45), Excoecaria agallocha (12), Aegiceras cornicu/atum, Ceriops decandra, Lumnitzera racemosa (8 each), Sonneratia apeta/a (5), Acanthus ilicifolius (2). Verruculina enalia was recorded on all the host plants examined. Hypoxy/on sp. , Lu/worthia sp. , Trichoc/adium achrasporum were recorded on 6 out of 9 host species. Lophiostoma mangrovei, Lu/worthia grandispora, Ha/orosellinia oceanica and Hysterium sp. were recorded in 5 out of 9 host plants. Others were recorded on anyone or up to 4 host plants.
Perceptions of the role of the community psychiatric nurse.

AIM This small-scale study explores the self-perceived differences between the contributions of community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) and other members of a multidisciplinary community mental health team for older people. METHOD Four CPNs and five other professionals completed questionnaires consisting of a series of open-ended questions (initially designed for a semistructured interview) in order to collect qualitative responses. The questionnaires were analysed on a thematic basis. RESULTS CPNs' skills seemed to be recognised and valued by their multidisciplinary colleagues. However, the CPNs did not always appear to appreciate this, while the attributes identified by CPNs were not always the same as those identified by their colleagues. There did not appear to be any consensus among the CPNs yet their colleagues seemed to feel the CPN role was reasonably clear. CONCLUSION This study suggests the CPN role involves taking a relationship-based, person-centred approach in which adaptability and flexibility are key characteristics. The results are largely consistent with other findings and demonstrate the need to nurture the contributions made by CPNs as autonomous practitioners in multidisciplinary settings providing care for older people with dementia.
Study on Mass Composition of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays by Telescope Array

Results from the TA mass composition studies are reviewed. From the analysis of longitudinal development of air showers using the fluorescence detector data we obtained 〈Xmax〉, the average depth of shower maxima, as a function of energy. This is the best estimator for cosmic ray composition because of its strong dependence on primary mass. The data provided by the surface detectors for the ground-level information of showers are also used to improve the FD shower reconstruction accuracy. The obtained Xmax data are compared with expectations from particular composition models, pure proton and iron. The TA data prefers a protondominant composition in the energy range log10(E/eV) = 18.3∼ 19.5.
EVALUATING LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED BUILDING SETTLEMENTS

Significant settlement and damage may occur due to liquefaction of soils beneath shallowfounded buildings. Liquefaction-induced settlement of buildings on shallow foundations requires evaluation of shear-induced, volumetric-induced, and ejecta-induced ground settlement mechanisms. There are simplified procedures available for estimating volumetric-induced settlement, which are largely due to post-liquefaction one-dimensional reconsolidation settlement for free-field conditions. However, there are few well-established simplified procedures for estimating shear-induced building settlement due to liquefaction. Nonlinear dynamic soilstructure interaction (SSI) effective stress analyses can capture this mechanism. It is the basis for a recently developed procedure for estimating the shear-induced component of liquefactioninduced building settlement. The liquefaction-induced building settlement (LBS) index characterizes the cyclic shear strain potential of the soils underlying the structure. The simplified procedure is applied to several field case histories and shown to provide estimates of liquefaction-induced building settlement consistent with those observed. 1Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710 (email: jonbray@berkeley.edu) 2Graduate Student Researcher, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 947201710 Bray, J.D. , Macedo, J. Evaluating liquefaction-induced building settlements. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. 2018. Evaluating Liquefaction -Induced Building Settlements J. D. Bray1 and J. Macedo2