Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ORAL IRON PROPHYLAXIS DURING PREGNANCY‐A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DIFFERENT DOSAGE REGIMENS

The effect of oral iron prophylaxis on haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) has been studied in 300 pregnant women. From the 3rd to 4th month of pregnancy and until term the women were randomly treated with 100 mg or 200 mg ferrous iron daily respectively as sustained‐release tablets (Duroferon® Duretter®) or 200 mg ferrous iron as rapidly disintegrating tablets.
Aflatoxin exposure and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan

To investigate the carcinogenic effect of environmental aflatoxin exposure, 56 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosed between 1991 and 1995 were identified and individually matched by age, sex, residence and date of recruitment to 220 healthy controls from the same large cohort in Taiwan. Blood samples were analyzed for hepatitis B and C viral markers and for aflatoxin‐albumin adducts; urine was tested for aflatoxin metabolites. We obtained information about socio‐demographic characteristics, habitual alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking and diet in a structured interview. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers had a significantly increased risk for HCC. After adjustment for HBsAg serostatus, the matched odds ratio (ORm) was significantly elevated for subjects with high levels of urinary aflatoxin metabolites. When stratified into tertiles, a dose‐response relationship with HCC was observed. The ORm for detectable aflatoxin‐albumin adducts was not significant after adjustment for HBsAg serostatus. HBsAg‐seropositive subjects with high aflatoxin exposure had a higher risk than subjects with high aflatoxin exposure only or HBsAg seropositivity only. In male HBsAg‐seropositive subjects, adjusted ORs were 2.8 (95% confidence interval [Cl] = 0.9–9.1) for detectable compared with non‐detectable aflatoxin‐albumin adducts and 5.5 (Cl = 1.3–23.4) for high compared with low urinary aflatoxin metabolite levels. Our results suggest that environmental aflatoxin exposure may enhance the hepatic carcinogenic potential of hepatitis B virus. A large‐scale study will be needed to evaluate the effect of aflatoxin exposure on HBsAg non‐carriers. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Note TERMITE ( INSECTA , ISOPTERA ) FAUNA FROM NATIONAL PARKS OF THE NORTHEAST REGION OF ARGENTINA

The knowledge of insect biodiversity in natural areas of Argentina is limited, and termites are among the understudied taxa. In order to assess the diversity of Isoptera in some protected areas of the country, termite sampling within three National Parks of the Northeast region of Argentina was developed during 1995-1999. The results presented in this paper correspond to the Chaco National Park (Province of Chaco), Iguassu National Park (Province of Misiones) and Mburucuya National Park (Province of Corrientes). Among the four termite families recorded from Argentina, the family Termitidae was the best represented at the three sampled areas. The recorded genera (15) were: Rugitermes Holmgren and Tauritermes Krishna (Kalotermitidae), Heterotermes Frogatt (Rhinotermitidae), Cornitermes Wasmann, Cortaritermes Mathews, Diversitermes Holmgren, Nasutitermes Dudley, Velocitermes Holmgren (Nasutitermitinae), Amitermes Silvestri, Microcerotermes Silvestri, Neocapritermes Holmgren, Termes Linné (Termitinae), Anoplotermes Müller, Aparatermes Fontes and Ruptitermes Mathews (Apicotermitinae) (Termitidae). None of the collected termite species was common to the three National Parks, and only four of them were detected at two of the reserves. Due to the particular assemblage of termites found at each park, these three natural protected areas could be considered important reserves for the conservation of the termite fauna from the Northeast region of Argentina.
Gender related alterations of β‐adrenoceptor mechanisms in heart failure due to arteriovenous fistula

This study was undertaken to determine gender related changes in different components of β‐adrenoceptor (β‐AR) system in response to arteriovenous fistula (AV‐shunt), which is known to produce heart failure due to volume overload. AV‐shunt was induced in male and female rats for 16 weeks by the needle technique; ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with or without estrogen were also used. Although AV‐shunt for 16 weeks produced cardiac hypertrophy in both sexes, male animals showed cardiac dysfunction whereas cardiac performance was maintained in females. Both β1‐AR and β2‐AR protein content and mRNA levels were decreased in male and increased in female hearts post‐AV‐shunt. The basal adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity was lower in the female heart; however, AC protein content and the increase in epinephrine (EPi)‐stimulated AC activity were greater in the female AV‐shunt group as compared to males. While AC V/VI and β‐arrestin 2 mRNA levels were decreased in males, mRNA level for GRK2 was increased in females post‐AV‐shunt. In contrast to intact females, AV‐shunt OVX animals showed depressed cardiac function, decreased β1‐AR, β2‐AR, and AC protein content, as well as reduced EPi‐stimulated AC activity. Treatment of OVX rats with 17‐β estradiol attenuated the AV‐shunt induced changes in β‐AR and AC protein content as well as cardiac dysfunction. These results reveal that β‐AR signal transduction system in response to AV‐shunt is downregulated in males and upregulated in females. Furthermore, estrogen appears to play an important role in the upregulation of β‐AR mechanisms and the maintenance of cardiac function in AV‐shunt females. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3080–3087, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of making-weight on cognitive performance in apprentice jockeys

Abstract Jockeys regularly engage in rapid weight-loss practices in preparation for competition. These practices are thought to impair cognitive function, although the evidence in support of this theory remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of making-weight on cognitive function in apprentice jockeys in a simulated and competitive environment. Apprentice jockeys (n = 12) reduced their body mass by 4% in 48 h in a simulated environment using weight-loss methods typically adopted in preparation for racing. Simple and choice reaction time, attention, learning and memory were assessed before and after the weight loss. A further 10 apprentice jockeys performed the cognitive function assessment in a competitive racing environment at both a self-reported “normal” and “light” body mass. Hydration status and body mass were assessed in all trials. In the simulated environment, body mass was reduced by 4.2 ± 0.3%, yet no change in cognitive function was observed. Cognitive function also remained unchanged in the competitive environment after a body mass loss of 5.7 ± 1.9%. Typical reductions in body mass in preparation for racing have no effect on cognitive function in apprentice jockeys in a simulated and competitive environment. Further research is required to investigate the physiological mechanisms preventing the adverse effects of making-weight on cognitive function in jockeys.
Targeting of Home-Delivered Meals Programs to Older Adults in the United States

ABSTRACT The Home-Delivered Meals Program (HDM) is an essential component of home-and community-based services available through the National Aging Service Network in the United States. It has the potential to help delay institutionalization and stem rising health care costs for older Americans; little is known, however, about the targeting practices used for HDM. A nationally representative telephone survey of state and local program providers showed that a variety of outreach measures were being employed, but challenges such as inadequate resources, waiting lists, rural delivery, and misconceptions about the program require resolution to ensure optimal service outcomes.
Isolation of Bacteroides fragilis from the feces of diarrheic calves and lambs

A selective medium was developed for the isolation of Bacteroides fragilis directly from ovine and bovine fecal samples. The medium (tryptose blood agar plus polymyxin B, triclosan (Irgasan), novobiocin, and nalidixic acid) permitted growth of B. fragilis and several other species of Bacteroides but inhibited growth of most other intestinal bacteria.
Retransplantation for recurrent hepatitis C

1 Primary orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for hepatitis C is performed with good results. 2 Re‐OLT in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected transplant recipients is performed mostly for indications other than recurrent disease in the short‐term after primary OLT. 3 Progressive allograft injury and loss caused by recurrent disease predict an increased need for re‐OLT for HCV recurrence in the long term. 4 Outcomes of re‐OLT for recurrent hepatitis C are equivalent to results for other indications of re‐OLT. 5 Good outcomes are obtained in selected patients when re‐OLT is performed early in the course of recurrent disease before transplant recipients become critically ill. (Liver Transpl 2002;8:S38‐S43.)
Deciphering signaling pathways in clinical tissues for personalized medicine using protein microarrays

The current transition in cancer therapy from general treatment approaches, based mainly on chemotherapy and radiotherapy, to more directed approaches that aim to inhibit specific molecular targets has brought about new challenges for pathology. In the past, classical assignment of pathology consisted of tumor diagnosis and staging for further therapy decisions; nowadays, pathologists are asked to predict possible therapeutic results by detecting and quantifying therapeutic targets in tumors such as the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The best approach to analyze such molecular targets is to provide a tumor‐specific protein expression profile prior to therapy. To further elucidate signaling networks underlying cancer development and to identify new targets, it is necessary to implement tools that allow fast, precise, cheap, and simultaneous analysis of many network components while requiring only a small amount of clinical material. Reverse phase protein microarray (RPPA) is a promising technology that meets these requirements while enabling quantitative measurement of proteins. Recently, methods for the extraction of proteins from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues have become available. In this article, we demonstrate how the use of RPPA to analyze signaling pathways from FFPE tissues may improve quantification of therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers in the near future. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 364–370, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Chromium-Doped Malayaite Pigments from Wastewater Containing Low Chromium(VI)

Abstract A malayaite pigment was synthesized with wastewater containing low chromium (Cr)(VI) by a novel liquid-phase reaction method. The effects of the particle size of the precursor and calcination temperature on the final product are examined. The result of scanning electron microscopy shows that the obtained precursor is amorphous and the particle size is approximately 250 nm. The results of X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry show that the complete transformation temperature was approximately 1050 °C. Furthermore, the Commission International de l’Eclairage laboratory shows that the red color of as-prepared pigments is more saturated with a high a* value at 34.1. This process of malayaite pigment preparation via reuse of the Cr(VI)-containing wastewater is quite simple, economical, and energy-saving for the industry, and the products have a saturated red color. There is considerable foreground for the industrial application of this work.
Empirical Research into Students' Mobile Phones and their Use for Learning

This paper reports on empirical research conducted to find out about higher education students' mobile phone ownership, and the ways in which they are using their mobiles for learning. A survey with a group of first-year students has been followed up by an in-depth study, in which three students were lent Flip Video Camcorders to capture their mobile learning activities and were interviewed to discover more about their practice. The video footage and interview data have been compiled into three rich case studies which help us to better understand students' practice and attitudes towards mobile learning. The paper focuses on the survey data and the three case studies, which were analysed using grounded theory. The outcomes of this research can inform the work of educators seeking to design effective mobile learning activities that build on existing student practice and extend mobile learning within the blend of learning activities that we offer students.
Use of recombinant factor VIIa in patients with amniotic fluid embolism.

To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Leighton et al. describing the use of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in women with amniotic fluid embolism. The authors report this as a systematic review. We are concerned, however, that the methods used have limitations that render the results seriously flawed. The authors identified only five cases from the literature using their search strategy, and identified the remaining cases through hemostasis and rFVIIa registries and data sources. They failed, however, to contact any amniotic fluid embolism registries or databases to identify cases treated with rFVIIa. The authors report that the Amniotic Fluid Embolism Register in the United Kingdom collected data on cases between 1997 and 2004, but failed to note that the United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System has been prospectively collecting information on cases through active negative surveillance since 2005. We have previously reported a national, population-based series of 60 women with amniotic fluid embolism, who delivered between February 2005 and January 2009, and note in our report that 15 of these women were managed with rFVIIa. These cases would thus more than have doubled the number of cases included in the review, adding significantly to the power and robustness of the analysis. These additional cases have the advantage of being a national, population-based cohort, identified prospectively through active, negative surveillance and thus free from selection bias, unlike case reports from the literature. In addition, we were not entirely clear why the authors of the review excluded from their comparison cohort women with amniotic fluid embolism who did not receive any surgery to control hemorrhage. This will immediately exclude from the comparison cohort the severest cases of amniotic fluid embolism: women who die very rapidly before there is time for any operative intervention to control hemorrhage. The observed increased risk of death or disability associated with rFVIIa may thus simply reflect this potentially biased selection of the comparison cohort. As we note in our analysis, only one of the 15 women treated with rFVIIa had a surgical intervention to control hemorrhage, further reinforcing our belief that to include only a comparison cohort managed with surgery for hemorrhage is inappropriate. We believe that the only robust way to advance our management of rare conditions such as amniotic fluid embolism is through prospective, population-based data collection and combined analysis of cases confirmed using an agreed case definition. For this reason, we have established the International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems to facilitate such studies. Data on women with amniotic fluid embolism are being collected prospectively in Australia, Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, and will be used in the future to address this and other management issues in detail.
Bovine granulocytopathy syndrome: neutrophil dysfunction in Holstein Friesian calves.

Summary The functions of neutrophils obtained from 3 calves affected with chronic and recurrent pneumonia, with marked neutrophilia, were examined. Their functions were compared with those of normal calves. Neutrophils from the three calves showed a markedly decreased phagocytosis, bacterial killing activity, NBT reduction activity, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and chemotactic response. These findings show that the 3 calves had defective neutrophils; the disorder was diagnosed as bovine granulocytopathy syndrome. Zusammenfassung Bovines Granulozytopathie-Syndrom: Dysfunktion der neutrophilen Granulozyten bei Holstein-Friesian-Kalbern: Es wurde die Funktion von neutrophilen Granulozyten gepruft, die von 3 Kalbern mit chronischer recurrenter Pneumonie und ausgepragter Neutrophilie stammten. Zum Vergleich wurde auch die Funktion neutrophiler Granulozyten von normalen Kalbern untersucht. Die von den drei kranken Kalbern stammenden neutrophilen Granulozyten zeigten eine herabgesetzte Phagozytose, eine verringerte Bakterien-Abtotungs-Aktivitat, eine verringerte NBT-Reduktions-Aktivitat, eine herabgesetzte Luminol-abhangige Chemohumineszenz sowie eine reduzierte chemotaktische Antwort. Nach diesen Befunden hatten die 3 Kalber defekte neutrophile Granulozyten; die Storung wurde als bovines Granulozytopathie-Syndrom diagnostiziert.
Some features of mannitol metabolism in Rhizobium japonicum.

Little is known about inducible enzyme systems in Rhizobium japonicum, although Pedrosa & Zancan (1974) have reported enzymes for arabinose metabolism and Martinez de Drets & Arias (1970) for mannitol, sorbitol, and arabitol metabolism in the fast-growing Rhizobium meliloti. The basic metabolic differences between the slow-growing species, such as R. japonicum, and the fast-growing rhizobia (Vincent, 1974; Martinez de Drets & Arias, 1972; Elkan, 1971) are not clearly understood but suggest that both physiological and genetical data obtained with either R. meliloti or R. trifolii might not be applicable to R. japonicum. Previous reports have dealt with the metabolism of glucose and gluconate by R. japonicum (Keele, Hamilton & Elkan, 1969, 1970) and indicate that the Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathway operates in this organism. The fast-growing rhizobia also possess the pentose phosphate and Embden-Meyerhof pathways (Vincent, 1974; Jordan, 1962 ; Katznelson & Zagallo, 1957). This paper reports on the enzymic basis for D-mannitol utilization in clones derived from R. japonicum 3 I I bI 10. These clones differed in symbiotic nitrogen-fixing efficiency and, in their free-living state, exhibited a clear difference in ability to utilize D-mannitol (unpublished observations).
Comparison of High School Studentsâ€™ Personality Traits in the Helping Professions and Those of General Education / Usporedba dimenzija ličnosti srednjoškolaca pomagačkog i općeg usmjerenja

AbstractThe primary aim of the research is the comparison of personality traits defined by the five factor model of male and female high school students enrolled in secondary medical schools and general education secondary schools. Since they have chosen a helping profession, the hypothesis is that female and male students of secondary medical schools will achieve higher results on the agreeableness scale with no statistically significant differences on other scales. The hypothesis is based on the results of similar research studies, which indicate that individuals prefer a type of occupation that corresponds to their personality traits. The research was carried out on a sample of 203 male and female students, 102 from secondary medical schools and 101 from general education secondary schools. Personality traits were assessed with the Croatian version of the BFQ. The questionnaire was administered anonymously in a group setting during regular school hours. The obtained results were analyzed using a simple variance analysis (ANOVA). The results confirmed the initial expectations; medical school students achieved statistically significant higher results on the agreeableness scale in relation to their general education secondary school counterparts. Key words: BFQ; five factor model; personality traits; professional interests---SažetakCilj istraživanja je usporedba dimenzija ličnosti, definiranih petofaktorskim modelom, učenica i učenika srednje medicinske škole, gimnazijalki i gimnazijalaca. S obzirom na to da su se odlučili za pomagačko zanimanje, pretpostavka je da će učenice i učenici srednje medicinske škole postizati više rezultate na ljestvici ugodnosti, dok na ostalim ljestvicama neće biti statistički značajnih razlika. Hipoteza se temelji na rezultatima sličnih istraživanja koja upućuju na to da pojedinci preferiraju tip zanimanja koji se podudara s njihovim osobinama ličnosti. Istraživanje je provedeno na ukupno 203 učenice i učenika. Njih 102 polazilo je medicinsku školu, a 101 je bio iz gimnazije. Za procjenu dimenzija ličnosti korišten je hrvatski oblik BFQ upitnika. Upitnik je primijenjen anonimno, skupno, na satu razredne nastave. Za provjeru dobivenih rezultata korištena je jednostavna analiza varijance. Rezultati su potvrdili očekivanje jer su učenice i učenici koji se obrazuju za pomagačko zanimanje imali statistički značajno više rezultate na ljestvici ugodnosti u odnosu na svoje gimnazijske vršnjake. Ključne riječi: BFQ; dimenzije ličnosti; petofaktorski model; profesionalni interesi.
Nerve conduction velocities in hyperlipidemic patients.

OBJECTIVES Metabolic disease affect all systems in the body, including the peripheral nervous system, but there is a controversy as whether to consider hyperlipidemia is a cause of peripheral neuropathy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether hyperlipidemic subjects with no clinical symptom or sign of peripheral neuropathy showed nerve conduction abnormalities or subclinical peripheral neuropathy according to the universally accepted electrophysiological criteria. METHODS The study group consisted from 29 female and 16 male patients (mean age: 47±7) while the control group consisted from 22 female and 10 male healthy volunteer subjects with a mean age of (43±9). All participants underwent an electrographic study in the classical manner described in the literature. Median and ulnar nerves in one upper, peroneal posterior tibial and sural nerves were studied in both lower extremities. RESULTS Median nerve 2nd digit-wrist segment sensory nerve conduction velocity were slow and sensory nerve action potential amplitude (SNAP) were low relative to controls. Sural nerve sensory nerve conduction velocity in the lower extremities were low relative to controls. DISCUSSION In this study the hyperlipemic group consisted from subjects with a relatively young age and with not very high serum lipid levels. Finding abnormal nerve conduction in distal sensory nerves in both upper and lower extremities in these hyperlipidemic patients made us think that; aging or uncontrolled hyperlipidemia may make these subjects susceptible to generalized peripheral neuropathy in the future. CONCLUSION Hyperlipidemia may affect nerve conduction in peripheral nerves and precede peripheral neuropathy.