Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitotic Cycle in the Common Onion , Allium cepa

The common onion, Allium cepa, has in many ways become the guinea pig of cytological experimentation; Levan (1949) established what has come to be known as the "Allium test" for investigating the effects of physiological reagents and con ditions on mitosis. The importance of the mitotic process stems from the fact that it effects growth and development in organisms; in as much as it proceeds normal ly, growth and development would be normal. Hence, it should be possible to find clues to problems of abnormal growth and development from the pattern of the mitotic cycle. It would therefore be important for the pattern of the mitotic cycle to be defin ed or established for every species of economic importance; in such an exercise, the cycle in Allium could prove a useful starting point to serve for comparison or as some sort of control. In man, it may even be useful to carry the exercise further into establishing the mitotic pattern for the tissues of the various organs susceptible to cancerous and other impaired growth with the hope of stumbling on some clues to their control and cure. It thus appears that studies in the mitotic cycle of organisms could have quite a future.
The Language Experience Approach

It is very difficult for adults to recalJ what happened when they actually learned things in chilhood. They do recall more easily. however. the striking circumstances under which they were supposed to learn things the classroom seen from a certain desk. a certain teacher's awesome behaviour. the exercise books. the homework. the drills. Most people and many teachers in consequence assume those memorable circumstances to have been the cause of their learning. and become puzzled and uneasy with other less customary. and seemingly unnecessary. explanations such as the '1anguage experience" approach in learning to read. Harker undertakes to establish the validity of each of the underlying assumptions of this approach. and hence to provide a lucid rationale for it. The approach reduces the cognitive confusion that makes learning to read difficult for 50 many chi/dren (corifusion that those who are successful soon forget) and ensures that they have a purpose in reading that will render unnecessary a number of traditional but irrelevant compulsions.
Stock characteristics , investor type and market myopia 1

This paper investigates the role of stock characteristics and investor type in market myopia. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to control for endogeneity, we obtain evidence indicating that market myopia is greater among stocks that are relatively hard-to-value and hard-to-arbitrage, and find this conclusion to be robust to the choice of proxy for these characteristics. We also obtain a significantly negative relationship between institutional ownership and market myopia, due to the former acting as informed traders who exploit mispricing created by individual traders. It is important to note that the impact of their role becomes significant only when they have a sizeable share in firm ownership, as is the case of UK mutual funds and pension funds and Spanish banks.
Barriers to Physical Activity in Adolescents A Multidimensional Approach

During adolescence, physical activity (PA) decreases with potentially serious, long-term consequences for physical and mental health. Although barriers have been identified as an important PA correlate in adults, research on adolescents’ PA barriers is lacking. Thus reliable, valid scales to measure adolescents’ PA barriers are needed. We present two studies describing a broad range of PA barriers relevant to adolescents with a multidimensional approach. In Study 1, 124 adolescents (age range = 12 – 24 years) reported their most important PA barriers. Two independent coders categorized those barriers. The most frequent PA barriers were incorporated in a multidimensional questionnaire. In Study 2, 598 adolescents (age range = 13 – 21 years) completed this questionnaire and reported their current PA, intention, self-efficacy, and negative outcome expectations. Seven PA barrier dimensions (leisure activities, lack of motivation, screen-based sedentary behavior, depressed mood, physical health, school workloa.
Stabilizing Acrobot by Using Nonlinear Programming Based on Sliding Mode Controller

We design sliding mode controllers for nonlinear dynamic systems by using a nonlinear programming approach. We show that by appropriate selection of the objective function and the constraints, it is possible to obtain sliding mode controller parameters by solving a sequence of nonlinear programming problems. These parameters determine the forcing function which satisfies possibly nonlinear, even nonconvex constraints and optimize a given nonlinear objective function. We use the Modified Subgradient Algorithm for the nonconvex optimization problems encountered in computing such forcing functions. We illustrate the validity of our approach by stabilizing an under-actuated two link robot manipulator, called Acrobot, at vertically upright position.
Chapter 3 Bereavement and Substance Use Disorder

In the present chapter, we focused on the relationship between bereavement and addiction, specifically among those patients who have a diagnosis of substance use disorder. Although bereavement research has advanced greatly in recent years, there are few studies on bereavement among the drug-dependent population. The substance use disorder population often report life stories marked by painful experiences and loss. Different studies have remarked on the relationship between bereavement and substance use. Highlighting the possible relationship between the loss of a significant person and a substance use disorder could help to build a theoretical background as well as to improve the dishabituation treatment in addiction centers.
Characterization of p 40 and IL-10 in the BALF of Patients with Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

This study investigated cytokine protein levels (interleukin-12 p70 [IL-12p70], p40, and IL-10) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (n 5 59), healthy control subjects (n 5 17), and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (n 5 30). The relationship between cytokine levels and clinical course of sarcoidosis was also examined. Overall, p40 was far more abundant than IL12p70. p40 levels (pg/ml, mean 6 SEM) were significantly higher in the BALF from patients with sarcoidosis (2.97 6 3.69) than in IPF patients (0.83 6 1.57) and healthy subjects (0.78 6 1.00). Size exclusion chromatography indicated that p40 detected in BALF from sarcoidosis patients corresponded to p40 monomers or (p40)2 homodimers. Further, p40 levels were associated with (paralleled) the clinical course of sarcoidosis, with the highest levels detected in BALF from patients with persistent disease. Higher p40 levels were also found in the BALF from sarcoid patients who required corticosteroid treatment compared with patients with spontaneous regression (3.51 6 3.83 vs. 2.01 6 3.43, p 5 0.03). IL-10 concentrations paralleled p40 changes. No similar association was found for IL-12p70 levels. In conclusion, this report shows that the BALF from patients with sarcoidosis contains elevated levels of p40, (p40)2, and IL-10 protein but not of IL-12p70. The present data also suggest that BALF p40 concentrations may be indicative of the sarcoidosis clinical course.
The Benefits of Lending Relationships: Evidence from Small

This paper empirically examines how ties between a firm and its creditors affect the availability and cost of funds to the firm. We analyze data collected in a survey of small firms by the Small Business Administration. The primary benefit of building close ties with an institutional creditor is that the availability of financing increases. We find smaller effects on the price of credit. Attempts to widen the circle of relationships by borrowing from multiple lenders increases the price and reduces the availability of credit. In sum, relationships are valuable and appear to operate more through quantities rather than prices. IN A FRICTIONLESS CAPITAL MARKET, funds will always be available to firms with positive net present value investment opportunities. In practice, managers of small firms often complain of not being able to borrow enough capital at reasonable rates. Economic theorists (for example, see Stiglitz and Weiss (1981)) suggest that market frictions such as information asymmetries and agency costs may explain why capital does not always flow to firms with profitable investment opportunities. Developing on this theme, other economists (see Leland and Pyle (1977), Campbell and Kracaw (1980), Diamond (1984), Fama (1985), Haubrich (1989), and Diamond (1991)) describe how large institutional creditors can (partially) overcome these frictions by producing information about the firm and using it in their credit decisions. If scale economies exist in information production, and information is durable and not easily transferred, these theories suggest that a firm with close ties to financial institutions should have a lower cost of capital and greater
Response to the short comment written

We appreciate the comments made by Dr. Roy to ensure that the addition of small fires is based on sound science. It may be good to take a step back and outline the underlying topic for the interested reader not familiar with the difference between “mapped burned area” (on which GFED4 is based) and “small fire burned area” (used for GFED4s, where the small fire burned area is added to the mapped burned area). This, as well as a discussion of the uncertainties in both products was also outlined in the discussion section of our ESSD manuscript.
Il Mulino-Rivisteweb

This essay represents an attempt to bring the notion of materiality to the attention of economic sociologists. The point of departure is that what most people view as “the economy” consists of a mixture of objects, actions and relationships. “We are living in a material world,” as Trevor Pinch has put it. This insight, however, is missing from modern economics. Originally, economics was closely allied to materiality, as exemplified by the economic theory of antiquity. After Xenophon and Aristotle, however, the materiality of economic life has grown successively thinner in economics; and today economic theory is defined (in mainstream economics) as simply an approach and a perspective. Earlier attempts to focus economic analysis around materiality, especially in home economics, are also ignored today.
Systematic , phylogenetic and biological considerations on the genera Bathyporeia , Amphiporeia , Pontoporeia and Priscillina , with redes ~ ription of the West-Atlantic Bathyporeia species and description of a new Priscillina from Svalbard ( Crustacea , Amphipoda )

The two West-Atlantic species of Bathyporeia, B. parkeri and B. quoddyensis are re-described. They exhibit a large number of differences with East-Atlantic and Mediterranean Bathyporeia species. Cladistic analyses of morphological characters of all known Bathyporeia species indicate that the two geographic groups are sister clades. There is strong evidence that in the genus Bathyporeia the character state 'short antennae in mature males' is the plesiomorphic condition and that ' long antennae in mature males' is the apomorphic condition. Representatives of the genera Amphiporeia, Pontoporeia and Priscillina are characterised and illustrated, as a basis of comparison with Bathyporeia. These three genera are traditionally considered to be the closest relatives of Bathyporeia and grouped together in the fami ly Pontoporeiidae. The systematic position of these four alleged ' pontoporeiid ' genera is investigated in a cladistic analysis includi ng several other amphipods which are e ither morphologically similar or potentially plesiomorphic. In this analysis the monophyly of the genus Bathyporeia is supported by a very high number of synapomorphies. Bathyporeia itself forms a strongly supported clade (the Bathyporeiidae) with the genus Amphiporeia. There is no cladistic support for a sister relationship between Bathyporeia + Amphiporeia and Pontoporeia + Priscillina. The Bathyporeiidae seem to have stronger affinities with the Gammaridae sensu stricto and especially with the Pontogammaridae. The Bathyporeiidae are therefore considered as belonging to the superfami ly Gammaroidea. Cladistic analyses of morphological characters suggest loose relationships between the genera Haustorius, Pontoporeia and Priscillina. However these three genera are separated by a considerable morphological gap. The morphological isolation of the genus Priscillina justif ies the creation of a monotypic family Priscillinidae fam. nov. for it. T he superfamily Pontopore ioidea is retained for the Pontoporei idae and Priscill inidae fam. nov. The materiaJ of Priscillina used in this study includes a new species from Svalbard, which is described as Priscillina herrmanni sp. nov. Key-words: Bathyporeia, Amphiporeia, Pontoporeia, Priscillina, Bathyporeiidae, Gammaridae, Melitidae, Melphidippidae, Pontogammaridae, Pontoporeiidae, Priscill inidae fam. nov. , Amphipoda, Crustacea, taxonomy, phylogeny, cladistic, North At-
THE DISSERTATION PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY SAMANTHA SANDERSON ENTITLED LEVELS OF SELF-COMPASSION AMONG INJURED DIVISION I ATHLETES BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE

Samples collected during this study show that current DBP formation potential did not notably change from the source waters in the wells through water treatment plant and into the distribution system. Samples also reveal that current DBP concentrations and future DBP formation potential near the compliance locations in the City of Columbia system will remain close (~74 to 85 samples collected during this study show that current DBP formation potential did not risk being out of compliance with the MCL again in the future). The most prominent treatment strategy for reducing DBP concentrations being considered by the City of Columbia is a switch from free chlorine to chloramines. Testing of finished water samples from the water treatment plant suggests that chloramines will stall DBP formation at approximately one-half of the current compliance sample concentrations. Although the City is going forward with the switch to chloramines as the residual disinfectant in their distribution system, the recommendation of the MoWRRC is that the City also consider other MIEX (magnetic ion exchange) as modifications to the operation of the water treatment plant that would also effectively reduce DBP concentrations through removing precursors of DBPs in the distribution system while allowing for the switch back to free chlorine as the residual disinfectant.
THE EFFECT OF GENETIC AND NON-GENETIC FACTORS ON PRODUCTION TRAITS OF SIMMENTAL COWS

This study covered 737 controlled first calving Simmental cows with, lactations concluded within one year. All first calving animals were on the farms of individual farmers in the municipalities of Kragujevac and Mladenovac. The research included the influence of bull sires, year and season of calving on milk yield and fertility. Least squares method was used to determine the average duration of lactation of 323.74 days. For a period of 305 days, heifers produced 3701.67 kg of milk, or 3644.58 kg of 4% FCM. The average production of milk fat was 144.26 kg and milk fat content was 3.88%. The interval from calving to first insemination lasted in average 124.19 days, and the animals were first calved at the age of 789.95 days. The bull sires had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the duration of lactation, milk yield and 4% FCM, milk fat yield and content and age of cows at first calving. The duration of service period was not under significant effect (P>0.05) of bull sires. Year of calving had a significant effect (P<0.01) on the duration of lactation, production of milk, milk fat and 4% FCM. Milk fat content, service period and age at first calving did not show significant variation due to the impact of different years of calving (P>0.05). Season of calving of cows demonstrated highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the production of milk and 4% FCM, and significant (P>0.05) on the production of milk fat, however it had no effect (P>0.05) on the milk fat content, duration of lactation and service period and age at calving.
Nsf 1 / Ypl 230 w participates in transcriptional activation during non-fermentative growth and in response to salt stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Received 28 April 2008 Accepted 7 May 2008 In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fermentable carbon sources such as glucose and fructose are preferred and elicit glucose repression of genes needed to metabolize non-fermentable carbon sources such as glycerol, ethanol and acetate. Different sets of transcription factors are needed to adjust to specific carbon conditions. For example, Mig1 and Mig2 repress the transcription of gluconeogenic and respiratory genes in the presence of abundant glucose, while the transcriptional activation of these genes depends on transcription factors such as Adr1 and Cat8. Here we show that Ypl230w, which we renamed to Nsf1 (nutrient and stress factor 1), is expressed and localizes to the nucleus under non-fermentable carbon conditions to activate gene transcription. Specifically, the transcriptional activation of ACS1, CIT2 and IDH1 is shown to be partially dependent on intact NSF1. Similarly, the transcriptional activation of ENA1 is impaired in the nsf1D mutant in response to high concentrations of NaCl, implying that NSF1 is also needed for the yeast response to sodium stress. The carbonand NaCl-mediated transcriptional activation of ENA1 is dependent on Nsf1. This finding implies that the yeast response to nonfermentable carbon and salt stress is at least partially dependent on NSF1.
Comparison of Pasteuria penetrans from Meloidogyne incognita with a Related Mycelial and Endospore-forming Bacterial Parasite from Pratylenchus brachyurus

Major distinctions exist between member s of the Pasteuria penetrans group occurring on the rootlesion nematode , Pratylenchus brachyurus, and the root-knot nematode , Meloidogyne incognita. These dissimilarities include highly restricted nematode host ranges, differences in the bacterial lif e stages in relation to those of the host nematodes , and disparities in ultrastructural morphology of their mature sporangi a and endospores . The several stages of the bacterial parasit e of the root-lesion nematode (RLP) occur in all the nematode' s larval stages . The mature RLP sporangi a are rhomboidal , and average 2.40 ± 0.24 ̂ m in diameter and 2.15 ± 0.19 nm in height. The endospore s within the RLP sporangi a are ellipsoidal or almost spherical , narrowly elliptic in section, having axes averaging 1.08 ± 0.21 by 1.29 ±0.14 ^m. By contrast , the mature bacterial stages from the root-knot nematode (RKP) occur only in the adult female nematode and not in the larvae. The RKP sporangi a are cup-shaped , and average 3.42 ±0.18 ^m in diameter and 2.48 ± 0.22 pm in height. The RKP endospores , also ellipsoidal but broadl y elliptic in section, have axes averaging 1.10 ± 0.11 by 1.42 ± 0.12 nm. These several differences strongl y sugges t that these 2 member s of the P. penetrans group belong in separat e taxa. Considerabl e morphological diversity was also evident from light-microscopi c examination of member s of the P. penetrans group occurring in archival nematode material (gener a Dolichodorus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, and Xiphinemd) from the USDA Nematode Collection.
Soluble CD 40 Ligand Levels in Otherwise Healthy Subjects With Impaired Fasting Glucose

Unlike diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance, it is not clear whether the subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are at increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The CD40-CD40 ligand interaction is involved in the mechanism of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether soluble CD40L (sCD40L) as well as high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels are increased in subjects with IFG having no confounding factors for inflammation or atherosclerosis. Twenty four IFG subjects with no additional disorders and 40 appropriate healthy controls were studied. sCD40L and hsCRP levels in the IFG and control groups were similar. Blood pressures, total and LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were also similar, whereas HDL-cholesterol was lower and HOMA-IR indexes were higher in the IFG group. Though the sample size was small, the present data show that sCD40L seems not to alter in subjects with IFG suggesting that it might not be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis.
THE IMPACT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME REPORTING ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF GHANAIAN FIRMS WITH PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY

Companies listed on the Ghana Stock exchange have complied with the requirements of IAS 12 (revised) in presenting the statement of comprehensive income using the two alternative choices provided by the standard with the objective of providing information that is useful to users. EPS is a useful indicator for measuring financial performance. With the new format the issue is whether reporting comprehensive improves the financial performance of entities. The objective of this study was to find out whether there is significant difference between EPS calculated using the NI and CI. We did not find any statistically significant differences between the two figures in the case of Ghanaian companies.
ASSOCIATION FOR CONSUMER RESEARCH Harley Blow Dryers and Dove Men Body Wash: the Masculine-American Stereotype and Its Effects on Gendered Marketing

We reveal a gender asymmetry in consumers’ reactions to brand gender bending, whereby women are more accepting of masculine brands but men are less accepting of feminine brands. We further identify marketing strategies for successfully introducing of cross-gender products, particularly aimed at making men more receptive to feminine brands’ extensions. EXTENDED ABSTRACT Many traditionally gender-focused brands are now targeting both genders in their advertising and product introductions (Sandhu, 2017), a practice known as brand gender bending . Notwithstand-ing these trends, past research suggests a gender-based asymmetry when brands cross the gender divide. While women tend to accept masculine-identified brands, men are not as reciprocal for feminine brands (Morris & Cundiff, 1971). What drives this asymmetry? What are the factors that contribute to women’s acceptance of masculine brands? How can managers of feminine brands be more successful when introducing new products targeting men? The present research addresses these important questions by highlighting a masculine-American stereotype in the U.S. society, which drives identity-driven effects on women’s relationships with masculine brands. This stereotype is rooted in the notion that most societies, in-cluding the U.S., are androcentric. That is, they value masculinity over femininity (Kramer & Beutel, 2015). Furthermore, in the U.S., superior groups tend to be seen as the prototype compared to infe-rior ones (e.g., Whites vs. minority groups, Devos & Banaji, 2005). To the extent that men have more influence than women in shaping which culturally prominent objects are more widely disseminated (McCracken, 1986), we hypothesize that symbols of the male-dom-inant culture (e.g., masculine brands) should be more likely to be perceived as American symbols. Furthermore, we propose that when the American identity, which both American men and women share, is salient, women would identify more with masculine brands that are also widely perceived to be symbolic of American culture. Based on this cultural stereotype, we also identify ways to strengthen the feminine-American association for boosting male