Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of Non-Evaporating Diesel Sprays

Need is always felt of some rational experimental information on fuel spray jet formation, its development and dispersion in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The latest study uses computational fluid dynamics for the modeling of engine flows. The original experimental work of the present author on non-evaporating sprays produced by a single-hole orifice type nozzle using a distribution type commercial fuel injection pump forms the basis to derive correlations for penetration rates, break up times and lengths of non-evaporating diesel sprays. The correlations derived can be used to do CFD modeling of sprays under variable conditions of injector nozzle hole diameter, fuel injection pressure and combustion chamber pressure.
An Exploratory Study of the Role of Advisory Committees in the Dynamics of Transfer to the Workplace of Knowledge Generated by Research

Knowledge transfer (KT) is of great concern in the field of Occupational health and safety (OHS). A great number of approaches reveal the complexity related to the dynamics involved in the KT process. This study looked into how advisory committees' use of strong and weak tied networks to better transfer knowledge between the scientific community and the workplace. Our exploratory research uses a case study method and our findings show a positive response to the use of advisory committees including multiple partners.
Pollution events over the East Mediterranean : Synergistic use of GOME , ground-based and sonde observations and models

The behaviour of ozone (O3) and two important precursors, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO), over the East Mediterranean in spring from 1996 to 2002 is studied in order to characterise the buildup of tropospheric O3. The vertical distribution of O3 observed over Crete during the Photochemical Activity and Solar Ultraviolet Radiation (PAUR II) campaign in May 1999 has been used for validation of satellite-derived data. Retrievals of O3 columns from measurements of backscattered radiation by Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) are compared with Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), balloon, Systeme d’Analyse par Observation Zenithale (SAOZ) and LIDAR observations. The total O3 vertical columns vary between 270 and 402DU and correlate well with changes in air circulation patterns. The total observed variability in tropospheric O3 is about 25DU. Chemical box model calculations associate the GOME-observed NO2 and HCHO tropospheric columns with a potential of daily photochemical enhancement in the tropospheric O3 columns of about 0.8–1DU over Crete and estimate the daily potential of regional photochemical buildup within upwind polluted air masses at about 2–8DU. A Langrangian analysis attributes at most 10–20DU of tropospheric O3 to stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE). The remainder is attributed to long-range transport of O3 from industrial regions in Central Europe. From 1996 to 2002, in May no significant inter-annual variation in the tropospheric NO2 and HCHO columns over Crete has been observed by GOME suggesting no detectable increase in regionally produced tropospheric O3. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Novel Weak Deduction Password Strength Meter of Chinese Websites

With the increasing situation of passwords datasets disclosure, the security of user's account faces rising risks under various kinds of password attack. To protect the security of user authentication system, password strength meter (PSM), which is used to measure user's password strength is widely accepted by Internet service institution. However, traditional PSMs in use today are rarely consider about user's cross-site vulnerable behaviors. In this paper, we first conduct a large scale of password reuse behaviors from 200 million Chinese websites' passwords. Then we propose our new weak-deduction PSM (WDPSM) that inherits the advantage of traditional probabilistic context free methods. Also, our WDPSM is good at model users' cross-site behaviors. Specifically, we perform a series of experiments to show that our weak-deduction PSM outperforms traditional PSMs in gauging weak passwords. Keywords—password strength meter; probabilistic context free grammar; weak deduction; rank correlation
Chapter 3 The Clinical Relevance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Early Breast Cancer

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered to be evading cancer cells that have been shed or actively invaded from the primary tumor into the blood circulation or lymphatic system and which may finally extravasate to found metastases. CTCs as “liquid biopsy” hold great promise to be a powerful non-invasive real-time measurable biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes and cancer treatment response. Several studies evaluated the role of CTC presence and count in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting of early breast cancer (EBC) and revealed their significant prognostic value. In this chapter, we highlight the clinical relevance of CTCs in early breast cancer (EBC) and state the urgency for further research in this field to definitely translate this marker from bench to bedside.
Analysis of the long-term dynamics of external doses of the population after the Chernobyl accident

The paper presents an analysis of the dynamics of individual doses of external exposure among the population living for almost 20 years in the territories affected by the radioactive contamination due to the Chernobyl NPP accident. The dynamics of the average effective dose of the external exposure of the inhabitants in the period of 5 to 20 years after the Chernobyl fallout is well described by processes that consider the radioactive decay of cesium radionuclides and their natural migration. The distribution of individual doses of external exposure among residents, normalized to the average dose in the settlement corresponds to a logarithmically normal law with the time-stable parameters: the geometric mean ~ 0.9 and geometric standard deviation ~ 1.5, which allows, in particular, predicting the dose for the critical group of population or for a representative person. Comparison of the mean effective doses of external exposure of the settlement residents estimated based on the results of two different measurement technologies (using TLD-method and measurements of dose rates in air in various settlement locations) indicated their good agreement for the 17 years period after the fallout. For two settlements, where measurements were performed in 2003, the relative differences in mean effective doses did not exceed 12%. It allows using the previously developed model of external exposure for dose estimation to the population residing on the territories contaminated after the Chernobyl accident.
Phenotypic characterization of Candida Albicans from clinical sources in Nairobi , Kenya

Objective: To isolate and carry out phenotypic characterization Candida species from clinical sources in NairobiKenya. Study design/setting: Laboratory Based Experiment at Mycology Laboratory, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. We studied 130 Candida s species isolated between 2000 2005. The isolates were from blood, stool, urine, CSF and swabs of patients from different health Institutions in Nairobi. Methods: Preliminary identification was done using morphological features and CHROMagar and confirmed using Analytical profile index (API 20 C aux). Results: Candida albicans were 130/150 (86.7%) whereas 13.3% were non albicans Candida and included; C. parapsilosis 4%, C. tropicalis 2.7%, C. krusei 2.7%, C. guilliemondii 1.3% and C. famata, 1.3%. Germ tube positive C. albicans were 96.1% while only 3.8% were germ tube negative. All the 130 isolates identified as C. albicans formed chlamydospores on Corn meal agar and all grew at both 37 C and 45 °C ruling out the possibility of Candida dubliniensis. Conclusion: Non albicans candida are of clinical significance and may warrant the need speciate Candida species from clinical setting and constantly monitor for fungal resistance as some Candida species are intrinsically resistant to certain antifungal drugs especially in the context of opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS.
An Attempt to Mitigation of Irrigation Water Deficit Stress in Pea (Pisum sativum, L) Plants by Phosphorus Fertilizer

This investigation was carried in order to elucidate the response of pea (cv. Master pea) to various levels of Phosphorus fertilizer, i.e 45, 60, 75 and 90 kg as P2O5 /fed. under three levels of irrigation water deficit (100% of common irrigation as control, moderate stress 75 % of common irrigation and severe stress 50 % of the common irrigation). Therefore, two field experiments were conducted in the Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University during 2015 and 2016 in winter seasons. The results indicated that vegetative growth characters (plant height, plant fresh weight, branches number, leaves fresh weight, leaves number and leaves area) per plant, leaves chemical composition (N, P, K and chlorophyll pigments), pods yield and its quality (pods weight per plant, pods number per plant, seeds fresh weight per plant, 100 seeds fresh weight, seeds dry weight yield and pods yield per fed., Vit. C and TSS) and plant water relations (leaf relative water content and leaf membrane stability index) were decreased by increasing of irrigation water deficit. On the contrast, leaves and seeds dry matter % were increased by increasing of irrigation water deficit. On the other hand, water use efficiency is not affected with irrigation water deficit. With respect to the effect of phosphorus fertilizer rates, the data show that, the mentioned attributes were increased up to 60 kg as P2O5 /fed then declined at and 75 kg as P2O5 /fed. On the other hand, 45 kg as P2O5 /fed gave the lowest values for most effective mentioned parameters. As for the interaction between irrigation water deficit and Phosphorus fertilizer rates showed that common irrigation and 60 kg as P2O5 /fed combination recorded the maximum values for more effective mentioned characters. In addition, results showed that common irrigation or moderate stress treatments with Phosphorus fertilizer rates had insignificant differences for most effective previous parameters.
THE EFFECT OF POMEGRANATE PEEL AND PISTACHIO HULLS ON PERFORMANCE AND ENTERIC METHANE EMISSIONS IN STRAW-FED LAMBS ( Ovis aries L . )

This trial was conducted to determine the effect of pomegranate peel (PP) and pistachio hulls (PH) added to wheat straw (WS) on some performance parameters and production of some greenhouse gases in female Awassi lambs (Ovis aries L.). This research was conducted in Sanliurfa province in Southeastern Turkey and it was done at Harran University Faculty of Agriculture. Fifteen lambs were used in a completely randomized design with 52 days periods (45 days of fattening performance and 7 days of gas measurements) and three treatments: control (90% concentrate + 10% WS); PP (90% concentrate + 5% PP + 5% WS); and PH (90% concentrate + 5% PH + 5% WS). Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and enteric methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) production were also measured during the last week (7 days). Performance parameters did not change with inclusion of PP and PH in the diet for 0–6 weeks. However, inclusion of PP decreased feed intake during 0–3 weeks. The CO2 emissions (as g day lamb and g kg dry matter intake) significantly increased in the PP and PH groups, but CH4 emissions did not significantly change. Total N2O (g day lamb) emissions from feces were affected by inclusion of PH in the diet. The PH supplementation showed a strong tendency for reducing N2O emissions from feces of lambs.
Title In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of an LpxC Inhibitor , CHIR-090 , Alone or Combined with Colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm

With the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative pathogens, biofilm-associated infections are increasingly harder to treat and combination therapy with colistin has become one of the most efficient therapeutic strategies. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential for the synergy of colistin combined with CHIR-090, a potent LpxC inhibitor, against in vitro and in vivo Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Four P. aeruginosa isolates with various colistin susceptibilities were chosen for evaluation. The tested isolates of P. aeruginosa exhibited MIC values ranging from 1 to 64 and 0.0625 to 0.5 g/ml for colistin and CHIR-090, respectively. Against 24-h static biofilms, minimum biofilm eradication concentration values ranged from 256 to 512 and 8 to 128 g/ml for colistin and CHIR-090, respectively. Interestingly, subinhibitory concentrations of CHIR-090 contributed to the eradication of subpopulations of P. aeruginosa with the highest colistin MIC values. The combination of colistin and CHIR090 at subinhibitory concentrations demonstrated synergistic activity both in vivo and in vitro and prevented the formation of colistin-tolerant subpopulations in in vitro biofilms. In summary, our study highlights the in vivo and in vitro synergistic activity of the colistin and CHIR-090 combination against both colistin-susceptible and -nonsusceptible P. aeruginosa biofilms. Further studies are warranted to investigate the clinical relevance of the combination of these two antimicrobials and outline the underlying mechanism for their synergistic action.
Running Head: Global Validation of the Identity Leadership Inventory Identity Leadership Going Global: Validation of the Identity Leadership Inventory (ILI) across 20 Countries

Recent theorizing applying the social identity approach to leadership proposes a fourdimensional model of identity leadership that centers on leaders’ management of a shared sense of “we” and “us”έ The present research validates a scale assessing this model — the Identity Leadership Inventory (ILI). We present results from an international project with data from all six continents and from more than 20 countries/regions with 5,290 participants. The ILI was translated (using back-translation methods) into 13 different languages (available in the Appendix) and used along with measures of other leadership constructs (i.e. LMX, transformational, and authentic leadership) as well as employee attitudes and (self-reported) behaviors — namely identification, trust in the leader, job satisfaction, innovative work behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, and burnout. Results provide consistent support for the construct, discriminant, and criterion validity of the ILI across countries. We show that the four dimensions of identity leadership are distinguishable and that they relate to important work-related attitudes and behaviors above and beyond other leadership constructs. Finally, we also validate a short form of the ILI, noting that is likely to have particular utility in applied contexts.
Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften Leipzig Anomaly freedom in Seiberg-Witten noncommutative gauge theories by

We show that noncommutative gauge theories with arbitrary compact gauge group defined by means of the Seiberg-Witten map have the same one-loop anomalies as their commutative counterparts. This is done in two steps. By explicitly calculating the μ1μ2μ3μ4 part of the renormalized effective action, we first find the would-be one-loop anomaly of the theory to all orders in the noncommutativity parameter θμν . And secondly we isolate in the would-be anomaly radiative corrections which are not BRS trivial. This gives as the only true anomaly occurring in the theory the standard Bardeen anomaly of commutative spacetime, which is set to zero by the usual anomaly cancellation condition.
Post weaning behaviour of heifer calves on pasture BRIEF COMMUNICATION : Effect of pre-weaning milk allowance on post-weaning behaviour of heifer calves on pasture

The objective of this study was to assess how pre-weaning milk allowance influences the grazing and rumination behaviour of dairy heifers on pasture after weaning. Group-housed heifer calves (n=28) were fed milk replacer at a low-allowance (LA; 10% of initial live weight), high-allowance (HA; 20% of initial live weight), and ad-libitum (ADLIB; free access) until 93 days of age. Heifers were then given access to pasture at 100 days of age, and were observed at 101, 108, 122 and 127 days of age. At 101 days of age, LA calves spent more time ruminating than HA and ADLIB calves, and spent less time grazing than HA calves (P<0.05). The time spent on each activity in subsequent weeks was the same among treatments. This indicates that any differences in foraging and rumination behaviour caused by pre-weaning milk allowance disappeared within a few weeks after weaning.
Potato purple top, Lethal wilt of oil palm, and Papaya twisted neck syndrome: Phytoplasma-associated diseases in Ecuador

Phytoplasma are wall-less bacteria limited to the phloem vessels in higher plants. Diseases associated with phytoplasma, in the past, have not been a serious problem in Ecuador. Nevertheless, and for climate change effects, their importance has been increasing suddenly. This research was focused on the detection of phytoplasma using nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), and papaya (Carica papaya L.) plants. Phytoplasma-specific PCR amplifications were generated by nested PCR in 50% samples of twisted neck syndrome in papaya, 38% potato samples showing purple top symptoms, and in all the samples showing symptoms of lethal wilt of oil palm. A continual increase in the incidence of potato purple top was observed, and there is a high risk of contamination in the southern production zones of the country. In potato, results of this study are more closely related to Candidatus Phytoplasma subgroup 16SrI.Lethal wilt continues to be a major threat to oil palm production. In papaya, members of the group 16SrXIII-E produce a disease similar as reported in this study.
J un 2 01 8 Fast Dynamic Programming on Graph Decompositions ∗

In this paper, we consider three types of graph decompositions, namely tree decompositions, branch decompositions, and clique decompositions. We improve the running time of dynamic programming algorithms on these graph decompositions for a large number of problems as a function of the treewidth, branchwidth, or cliquewidth, respectively. Such algorithms have many practical and theoretical applications. On tree decompositions of width k, we improve the running time for Dominating Set to O(3). Hereafter, we give a generalisation of this result to [ρ, σ]-domination problems with finite or cofinite ρ and σ. For these problems, we give O(s)-time algorithms. Here, s is the number of ‘states’ a vertex can have in a standard dynamic programming algorithm for such a problems. Furthermore, we give an O(2)-time algorithm for counting the number of perfect matchings in a graph, and generalise this result to O(2)-time algorithms for many clique covering, packing, and partitioning problems. On branch decompositions of width k, we give an O(3 ω 2 )-time algorithm for Dominating Set, an O(2 ω 2 )-time algorithm for counting the number of perfect matchings, and O(s ω 2 )-time algorithms for [ρ, σ]-domination problems involving s states with finite or cofinite ρ and σ. Finally, on clique decompositions of width k, we give O(4)-time algorithms for Dominating Set, Independent Dominating Set, and Total Dominating Set. The main techniques used in this paper are a generalisation of fast subset convolution, as introduced by Björklund et al., now applied in the setting of graph decompositions and augmented such that multiple states and multiple ranks can be used. In the case of branch decompositions, we combine this approach with fast matrix multiplication, as suggested by Dorn. Recently, Lokshtanov et al. have shown that some of the algorithms obtained in this paper have running times in which the base in the exponents is optimal, unless the Strong Exponential-Time Hypothesis fails.
Bread Mili : an Important Tool in a Tourism-Based Strategy for the Preservation o f the Windmills Heritage "

17le beaury oj windmil/s in t/ze hills oj t/ze region Oeste, in Portu gal, i s something mo re tlzan a trrulitionnl icon i u t/ze landscape: it is wituess oj n traditional sociery, based 011 a mm l way oj life, stil/ aliile in t/ze memories oj older genemtions. This 1iclz lze1itage is nlmost nll abandoned, nnd i ts disnppenmnce would represmt n n in·epersible impollerishment oj t/ze regionnl culture. At the same time, there is n genem[ consemus co11ceming the necessiry oj t/ze preservation oj the windmills heritnge, give11 its signiftcnnt ide11tiry 11nlue for the COlliliili/liry and also i ts potential ns towist nttmction. Howeve1; t/ze preseT'Ilntion oj t/ze windmil/s lzeritage goes far bryand tllC preservatiou oj materinllzeJitnge, since t/ze windmil/s n re co1mccted to a wide f! )~Stem oj eco11omic relatio11s: flour production, brend in a wood OliCli and al/ related nctiJiities. 11 tlzis pa per we present a case study a n evmt cnlled "B ren d Mill" -, whic/1 was lmmched on tlililiitli bnsis, in order to put 011 the n gen d n n structured set oj mensurcs to promate tiu windmil/s n t n regionnllellel, by crenting n new tourism produet the route oj the windmil/s oj the region Oeste im,ollling the locnl community, /ocal nuth01ities and tourist n gen ts. In pa mile/ with the description oj this CIIC/It, we will present n set oj mensures thnt mus t be tnken, in order to give n n m life to these benutifulwindmills. Krywords: creatille tourism, cultural identiry, authmticiry, differentiation, mm/ tourism, sustainabiliry, towist routes. Paper type: Scientiftc study
The Impact of NTMs on Trade : Evidence from Developing Countries

Non-tariff measures such as food safety and technical standards are used to achieve the non-trade objective of protecting consumers’ health and safety. On the other hand, they can also be deployed as a trade secure tool to drive a price wedge between foreign and domestic producers. This study investigates the protectionist tools of 34 developing countries food safety standards using a sample of developing countries food imported from developed and other developing countries with a specific focus on vegetables, Trunks, machinery, and tobacco. We employ theoretical framework of gravity equation by applying SGMM estimation. Our results indicate that vegetable and machinery variables are negative and statistically significant. Meaning that both variables have a negative impact on GDP, in other words, both variables are not support GDP and economic growth in the developing countries. Finally, Trunk variable is positive and statistically significant. It shows that, this variable leads to promote economic growth in the developing countries. While Tobacco is positive and statistically insignificant, meaning that this product is not play an important role in the trade sector in our sample countries.