Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochemical constraints on the origin of the mid-Palaeozoic diabases from the Holy Cross Mts. and Upper Silesia, southeastern Poland

A geochemical study of Palaeozoic diabase dykes and sills from the Holy Cross Mts. and Upper Silesian Block (southeastern Poland) has revealed that these diabases are most probably derived from fractional crystallization of three distinct primary melts. All diabases are relatively evolved subalkaline tholeiites with low mg-numbers that vary between 50.7 and 60.5. Their mantle normalised incompatible element patterns are intermediate between that of enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB) and ocean island basalt (OIB). The compositional differences within the diabases are interpreted in terms of slightly variable degrees of partial melting of their mantle sources combined with variable degrees of subsequent gabbro fractionation in high-level magma chambers. Some incompatible element ratios (e.g. Zr/Nb, Y/Nb) in the diabases and Nd isotope data from the cogenetic diorites seem to be consistent with mixing of partial melts from both enriched lithospheric and depleted asthenospheric mantle sources. Both Upper Silesian and Holy Cross diabases show strong chemical similarity to the continental flood basalts (CFB), which are associated with extensional tectonics. The Bardo diabase, located in the northern part of the Malopolska Block, can be hypothetically linked to the detachment of this unit from the Baltica margin and subsequent displacement to its final position between the late Ludlovian and Emsian, whereas the Milejowice-Janowice diabase (Łysogory Unit) possibly relates to the extension of the Baltica passive margin during the Late Silurian, in the final stage of its collision with East Avalonia.
Extracts of Jatropha curcas L. exhibit significant insecticidal and grain protectant effects against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Phytochemical composition of leaf extracts as well as biological effects of juice, leaf extracts and seed oil of Jatropha curcas against Sitophilus zeamis were examined. The study also investigated the inhibition of oviposition, progeny production and grain damage, insecticidal effects and mammalian toxicity of the extracts. Compared to other phytochemicals, the concentration of saponin and cardiac glycoside were higher in the leaf extract. All extracts of J. curcas (0 – 100 ppm) investigated showed a dose-dependent inhibition of ovisposition, progeny production and promote significant (P < 0.001) insect mortality. Grains pre-treated with seed oil produced the highest result for all the parameters. The seed oil (100 ppm) produced 93% (P < 0.001) protection against grain damage by Sitophilus zeamis. Observable physical deformities were observed in rats administered with graded doses of the seed oil as opposed to other extracts. Administration of a single dose of the extracts produced significant (P < 0.01) elevation of serum level of alanine (ALT) and aspartic (AST) transaminases and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in rats. Key words: Jatropha curcas, Sitophilus zeamis, biopesticide, botanical insecticide, phytochemicals, antifeedant.
Patterns of Labour Market Entry

Youth labour market integration differs considerably across European countries. There are marked cross-national differences not only in terms of youth unemployment, but also in terms of the quality of the jobs in which young people are employed. This article explains cross-national patterns of labour market entry among school-leavers in 11 European countries. It is hypothesized that national differences in employment protection legislation and the vocational specificity of the education system, in addition to the structural effect of macro-economic conditions, attribute to the observed cross-national variation in youth labour market integration. On the basis of the European Union LFS 2000 ad hoc module on school-to-work transitions, the speed, the quality and the stability of the labour market entry process are analysed. The results indicate that national institutional differences regarding employment protection legislation and the vocational specificity of the education system do indeed affect cross-national differences in labour market entry patterns. However, the impact of both institutional features varies considerably by level of education.
Steepening mass profiles, dark matter and environment of X-ray bright elliptical galaxies

We use a new non-parametric Bayesian approach to obtain the most probable mass distributions and circular velocity curves along with their confidence ranges, given deprojected density and temperature profiles of the hot gas surrounding X-ray bright elliptical galaxies. For a sample of six X-ray bright ellipticals, we find that all circular velocity curves are rising in the outer parts due to a combination of a rising temperature profile and a logarithmic pressure gradient that increases in magnitude. Therefore at large radii, mass density profiles rise more steeply than isothermal profiles, implying that we are probing the more massive group-sized haloes in which these galaxies are embedded. Comparing the circular velocity curves we obtain from X-rays to those obtained from dynamical models, we find that the former are often lower in the central � 10 kpc. This is probably due to a combination of: i) Non-thermal contributions of up to � 35% in the pressure (with stronger effects in NGC 4486), ii) multiple-temperature components in the hot gas, iii) incomplete kinematic spatial coverage in the dynamical models, and iv) mass profiles that are insufficiently general in the dynamical modelling. Complementing the total mass information from the Xrays with photometry and stellar population models to infer the dark matter content, we find evidence for massive dark matter haloes with dark matter mass fractions of � 35–80% at 2Re, rising to a maximum of 80–90% at the outermost radii. We also find that the six galaxies follow a Tully-Fisher relation with slope � 4 and that their circular velocities at 1Re correlate strongly with the velocity dispersion of the local environment. As a result, the galaxy luminosity at 1Re also correlates with the velocity dispersion of the environment. These relations suggest a close link between the properties of central X-ray bright elliptical galaxies and their environments.
What Makes a High-Growth Firm? A Probit Analysis Using Spanish Firm-Level Data

Many studies have established that a small number of firms, known as fast-growth firms or Gazelles, create most of the new jobs. In spite of the importance of this topic from a policy-point of view, most of those studies are descriptive and limited to a comparison of the characteristics of the high-growth group with respect to a control group of firms. This paper, on the other hand, performs a multivariate analysis of the determinants of the fast growth of Spanish firms controlling for the possible endogeneity of some variables. We use for that purpose a firm-level database with information for about 200,000 Spanish firms per year between 1996 and 2003. We find that being a start-up increases the probability of fast growth by more than 30 percentage points, conditioned on having survived over the period. Firms with initial higher relative wages and debt ratio, up to a certain point, also experience higher chances of fast growth. Hence, as it was established elsewhere, better access to finance and to human capital are key to increase the number and growth of Gazelles. We also find that high-growth firm sustain their expansion with relatively more debt and fixed-term contracts than the rest of the firms in the sample.
Participation in Export Markets and Plant Productivity in Los Angeles, 1987-1997

This paper investigates the relationship between plant productivity and export market participation in the greater Los Angeles area using unpublished plant-level data from the US Census Bureau’s Longitudinal Research Database. Two key questions are examined: (i) do plants that export learn in foreign markets and become more efficient and/or (ii) do more efficient plants self-select into export markets. Analytical results support previous claims that more productive plants tend to self-select into export markets. Little support is found for the learning-by-exporting argument.
HOMEOMORPHIC MEASURES IN THE HILBERT CUBE

A Borel probability measure μ in the Hubert cube is homeomorphic to the usual product measure if and only if it is positive for nonempty open sets and zero for points. The transformation can be effected by a homeomorphism equal to the identity on any prescribed μ-null Z-set. Several extension, approximation, and embedding theorems are obtained as applications.
Impact Of A Diet And Nutrition Related Education Package On The Awareness And Practices Of School Children Of Chandigarh

Adolescence, is a period of rapid growth and personal development. The growth and development of adolescents depends to a large extent on their nutrition. The complex myriad of physiological as well as psychological changes, accompanied by rapid growth and increase in physical activity, create special nutritional needs that are higher during adolescence than at any other time in life. Failure to consume adequate diet at this time can potentially retard physical growth, intellectual capacity and delay sexual maturation 1 .
Lipschitz Changes of Variables between Perturbations of Log-concave Measures

Extending a result of Caffarelli, we provide global Lipschitz changes of variables between compactly supported perturbations of log-concave measures. The result is based on a combination of ideas from optimal transportation theory and a new Pogorelov-type estimate. In the case of radially symmetric measures, Lipschitz changes of variables are obtained for a much broader class of perturbations.
Sphingolipid metabolism products: potential new players in the pathogenesis of bortezomib-induced neuropathic pain.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is one of the major dose-limiting adverse events of widely used drugs in both the oncologic and hematologic setting (1). Among its cardinal symptoms, neuropathic pain is frequently present (2). In particular, the incidence of bortezomib-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (BIPN) and neuropathic pain ranges from 14–45% and 5–39%, respectively, in myeloma multiple patients.
The people's attitudes towards global environmental phenomena: a case study

This study addresses the awareness and attitudes of Uruguayans towards global environmental phenomena, with particular emphasis on climate change. The environmental and climatic changes most clearly sensed by people, the main sources of information for the public on these subjects and the perception of the effectiveness of individual action in facing the adverse effects of these phenomena are assessed. This analysis is intended to contribute to the design of communication and public awareness strategies, either for the dissemination of specific subjects or for the communication of more general policies. Thus, assessing the possibility of improving communication capabilities and public outreach is deemed more relevant than evaluating whether public knowledge is or is not correct. The communication of appropriate information in order to correct wrong perceptions could be included, eventually, as part of the the effort to improve public outreach. The results of the study demonstrate the great weight of radio and television as sources of information on environmental changes. They also point out the increasing role of educational institutions in the dissemination of knowledge about this issue, confirm that the confidence in the effectiveness of individual action is strongly related to the access to information, and suggest that the local milieu may be especially irnportant for stimulating people's awareness and action on these subjects.
Consumption smoothing in Latin America: an empirical assessment of present value models

The study aims to assess the empirical adherence of the permanent income theory and the consumption smoothing view in Latin America. Two present value models are considered, one describing household behavior and the other open economy macroeconomics. Following the methodology developed in Campbell and Schiller (1987), Bivariate Vector Autoregressions are estimated for the saving ratio and the real growth rate of income concerning the household behavior model and for the current account and the change in national cash ‡ow regarding the open economy model. The countries in the sample are considered separately in the estimation process (individual system estimation) as well as jointly (joint system estimation). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SURE) estimates of the coe¢cients are generated. Wald Tests are then conducted to verify if the VAR coe¢cient estimates are in conformity with those predicted by the theory. While the empirical results are sensitive to the estimation method and discount factors used, there is only weak evidence in favor of the permanent income theory and consumption smoothing view in the group of countries analyzed.
Simulating the growth and distribution of planktic foraminifer using an ecophysiological multi-species model

F. Lombard, L. Labeyrie, E. Michel, L. Bopp, E. Cortijo, S. Retailleau, H. Howa, and F. Jorissen LSCE/IPSL, laboratoire CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, UMR 8212, LSCE-Vallée, Bât. 12, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France Laboratory of Recent and Fossil Bio-Indicators (BIAF), Angers University, UPRES EA 2644, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Oceanography Section, Kavalergården 6, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark now at: Université de la Méditerranée, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Biogéochimique, LOPB – UMR 6535 Campus de Luminy, Case 901, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
Outsiders and Executive-Legislative Conflict in Latin America

Abstract One of the most significant developments in Latin American democracies since the beginning of the Third Wave of democratization is the rise to power of political outsiders. However, the study of the political consequences of this phenomenon has been neglected. This article begins to fill that gap by examining whether the rise of outsiders in the region increases the level of executive-legislative confrontation. Using an original database of political outsiders in Latin America, it reports a series of logistic regressions showing that the risk of executive-legislative conflict significantly increases when the president is an outsider. The likelihood of institutional paralysis increases when an independent gets elected, due to the legislative body's lack of support for the president and the outsider's lack of political skills. The risk of an executive's attempted dissolution of Congress is also much higher when the president is an outsider.
Extractive Separation of Al(III) and Ni(II) by Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phosphoric Acid -Kerosene System from Aqueous Fluoride Medium

In the study of the extractive separation of Al(III) and Ni(II) by di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid D2EHPA- kerosene from aqueous fluoride medium, about 94% Al(III) and 2% Ni(II) were extracted with 0.3 M D2EHPA (pH 2.1 and temperature 30±1 °C). Extraction of Ni(II) decreased with increasing extractant concentration. D2EHPA-kerosene- fluoride system showed better extraction of Al(III) with higher extractant concentration and aqueous pH and vice versa for the extraction of Ni(II). The maximum separation factor (β~1380) was obtained for Al(III) at 20 °C and decreased to (β~732) at 60 °C. The separation of Al(III) from Ni(II) was favoured at normal temperature. Extraction followed the order Al(III) >>>Ni(II). About 99% stripping of Al(III) was attained from the loaded 0.20 M D2EHPA. Much faster extraction of Al(III) compared to Ni(II) and preferential loading were shown by D2EHPA-kerosene in the presence of fluoride ion in the aqueous phase. Separation of Al(III) was the most outstanding from Ni-Al-F-complex solution.
Predictive Current Control for Multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters Based on a Deadbeat Solution

Finite-set predictive current control (FS-PCC) is advantageous for power converters due to its high dynamic performance and has received increasing interest in multilevel inverters. Among multilevel inverter topologies, the cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter is popular and mature in the industry. However, a main drawback of FS-PCC is its large computational burden, especially for the application of CHB inverters. In this paper, an FS-PCC method based on a deadbeat solution for three-phase zero-common-mode-voltage CHB inverters is proposed. In the proposed method, an inverse model of the load is utilized to calculate the reference voltage based on the reference current. In addition, a cost function is directly expressed in the terms of the voltage errors. An optimal control actuation is selected by minimizing the cost function. In the proposed method, only three instead of all of the control actuations are used for the calculations in one sampling period. This leads to a significant reduction in computations. The proposed method is tested on a three-phase 5-level CHB inverter. Simulation and experimental results show a very similar and comparable control performance from the proposed method compared with the traditional FS-PCC method which evaluates the cost function for all of the control actuations.
Phylogenetic beta diversity of native and alien species in European urban floras

Aim Human activities have weakened biogeographical barriers to dispersal, increasing the rate of introduction of alien plants. However, their impact on beta diversity and floristic homogenization is poorly understood. Our goal is to compare the phylogenetic beta diversity of native species with that of two groups of alien species, archaeophytes and neophytes (introduced before and afterad 1500, respectively), across European urban floras to explore how biological invasions affect phylogenetic turnover at a continental scale. Location Twenty European cities located in six countries between 49 and 53° N latitude in continental Europe and the British Isles. Methods To compare the phylogenetic beta diversity of native and alien species we use the average phylogenetic dissimilarity of individual floras from their group centroid in multivariate space. Differences in phylogenetic beta diversity among different species groups are then assessed using a randomization test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions. Results Across European urban floras, and when contrasted with natives, archaeophytes are usually associated with lower levels of phylogenetic beta diversity while neophytes tend to increase phylogenetic differentiation. Main conclusions While archaeophytes tend to promote limited homogenization in phylogenetic beta diversity, because of their diverse geographical origin together with short residence times in the invaded regions, neophytes are not promoting biotic homogenization of urban floras across Europe. Therefore, in spite of the increasing rate of alien invasion, an intense phylogenetic homogenization of urban cities is not to be expected soon.
Comparative developmental toxicity of planar polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in chickens, American kestrels, and common terns

The effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, PCB 126 (3,3′,4,4′,5‐pentaCB) and PCB 77 (3,3′4,4′‐tetraCB), were examined in chicken (Gallus gallus), American kestrel (Falco sparverius), and common tern (Sterna hirundo) embryos through hatching, following air cell injections on day 4. PCB 126 caused malformations and edema in chickens starting at 0.3 ppb, in kestrels at 2.3 to 23 ppb, but in terns only at levels affecting hatching success (44 ppb). Extent of edema was most severe in chickens and least in terns. Defects of the beak were common in all species but with crossed beak most prevalent in terns. Effects on embryo growth were most apparent for PCB 126 in chickens and kestrels. The approximate 50% lethal dose (LD50) for PCB 126 in chickens was 0.4 ppb, in kestrels was 65 ppb, and in terns was 104 ppb. The approximate LD50 for PCB 77 in chickens was 2.6 ppb and in kestrels was 316 ppb. Induction of cytochrome P450 associated monooxygenase activity (ethoxyresorufin‐O‐dealkylase activity) by PCB 126 in chick embryo liver was about 800 times more responsive than in tern and at least 1,000 times more responsive than in kestrel. High concentrations of PCB 126 found in bald eagle eggs are nearly 20‐fold higher than the lowest toxic concentration tested in kestrels. Concentrations of PCB 126 causing low‐level toxic effects in common tern eggs are comparable to highest levels in common terns and Forster's terns in the field, suggesting additional involvement of other compounds in the Great Lakes.
The e ff ect of physical condition and shoalmate familiarity on proliferation of alarm substance cells in the epidermis of fathead minnows

Ostariophysan fishes have specialized epidermal alarm substance cells (ASCs). In this study, a metabolic cost to the production and maintenance of these cells was demonstrated. Fathead minnows Pimephales promelas were maintained on high or low food rations and, to test for the effect of social context on the number of ASCs, they were held with either zero or two shoalmates. Shoalmates were familiar (from the focal fish’s shoal), or unfamiliar (from a shoal separated by 1 km from the focal fish’s shoal). After 16 days, epidermal thickness, number of mucus cells and number of ASCs were all significantly greater for minnows on the high ration than for those on the low ration. Within the high ration group, physical condition was positively correlated with epidermal thickness and ASC number. The shoalmate treatment had no measurable effect on the epidermis. It was concluded that food availability determines investment into ASCs, inferring a trade-off between the cost of ASCs and the fitness benefits they accrue. 1997 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
Radial distribution of non-structural carbohydrates in Malaysian teak

Non-structural carbohydrates are primary compounds whose distribution in the wood affects its properties. During the two last decades, a high variability of natural durability of plantation teak wood properties has been found with consequences for industry and consumers. In order to further investigate chemical traits for natural durability in Malaysian teak, we studied the radial distribution of main non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) from the sapwood to the inner heartwood. NSC were analysed by thin layer chromatography coupled to an enzymatic method. The main NSC were starch, glucose, fructose and sucrose. Stachyose and raffinose were also detected. Starch was the major NSC while sucrose was the less abundant. NSC were highly accumulated in sapwood and decreased drastically in heartwood. In our sampling, NSC distribution patterns were the same between trees but were different on a quantitative point of view. Our results suggested that NSC were stored as reserve materials in the sapwood and then were used in the sapwoodheartwood boundary for metabolic activities during heartwood formation process. Their involvement in heartwood formation was discussed. Keywords: Tectona grandis, sapwood, heartwood, non-structural carbohydrates, starch.
Comparison of turbulence models for the computational fluid dynamics simulation of wind turbine wakes in the atmospheric boundary layer

An elliptic computational fluid dynamics wake model based on the actuator disk concept is used to simulate a wind turbine, approximated by a disk upon which a distribution of forces, defined as axial momentum sources, is applied on an incoming non-uniform shear flow. The rotor is supposed to be uniformly loaded with the exerted forces estimated as a function of the incident wind speed, thrust coefficient and rotor diameter. The model is assessed in terms of wind speed deficit and added turbulence intensity for different turbulence models and is validated from experimental measurements of the Sexbierum wind turbine experiment.