Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The social dimention of sustainability: Towards some definitions and analysis

The lifestyle of industrialized countries and economic growth in the decades of the 1960s and 1970scaused a serious weakness in the balance between ecology, economic stability and natural security of planet(Blewitt, 2008). The concept of sustainability emerged in response to these weaknesses that resulted from poor resource management, and was universally accepted(McKenzie, 2004). The term, 'sustainable development' was defined in 1987 by The World Commission on Environment and Development as, known as the Brundtland definition, “development that meets the need of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”(WCED, 1987, p. 43). The concept of sustainable development has been interpreted in various ways with a wide range of meanings. Within the first decade of its emergence “sustainable development has been interpreted as an ecological vision”(Ahman, 2013). However, in recent decades it has become more of a multifocal agenda that strongly links environmental, social and economic notions, and reconciles the conflicts between them. In the first decade after the emergence of the notion of sustainable development in 1987, the concept of social sustainability had been neglected in comparison to environmental and economic aspects of sustainability. It was in the late 1990s that social sustainability was considered a fundamental aspect within the sustainability agenda. Thereafter it gained significant recognition. Despite the enormous amount of work which has been done in this regard in the last decades, there has been no agreement about a comprehensive definition of social sustainability to date, and this notion remains under-theorized to some extent(Ahman, 2013; Jaeger, Tabara, & Jaeger, 2011; Littig & Griebler, 2005; Weingaertner & Moberg, 2014). Hence this paper aims to provide an understanding of the meaning of social sustainability, and the influential factors associated with it.
Farming and mortality from non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: A case‐control study

A case‐control study of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and its subtypes among males was conducted using computerized mortality listings from the State of Wisconsin for the years 1968‐1976. Age, year of death, race, county of usual residence, marital status, and usual occupation were abstracted for the 774 records of male deaths due to NHL and a matched series of deaths due to other causes. The frequency of farming occupation among NHL cases was compared to the frequency among controls, and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Farming was more common among cases than among controls (OR=1.22). The association of NHL with farming occupation was greater among decedents under 65 years of age (ORequlas;1.7) than among those who were older. The younger decedents were at higher risk of reticulum‐cell sarcoma (ORequlas;2.7) than of other cell types. The strength of the association increased over the 9‐year study period. County levels of selected agricultural characteristics were used as surrogate measures of farming exposures in residence counties of farmers and were summarized by factor analysis. Major findings were of elevated risk among younger farmers for reticulum‐cell sarcoma in counties high in summary measures of general agricultural activity (ORequlas;3.2), of small grain acreage and acres treated with insecticides (ORequlas;6.6), and of wheat acreage (ORequlas;4.4). Given the limitations of the data, further investigation of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in farmers is warranted.
Biomechanical, Physiological, and Agility Performance of Soldiers Carrying Loads: A Comparison of the Modular Lightweight Load Carrying Equipment and a Lightning Packs, LLC, Prototype

Abstract : This report details a laboratory evaluation that compared a medium U.S. Army standard-issue Modular Lightweight Load-carrying Equipment (MOLLE) rucksack and a prototype energy-harvesting backpack from Lightning Packs (LP), LLC. A payload of 27.2 kg (60 lb) was placed in each pack. The total weights of the MOLLE and the LP were 30.1 kg (66.4 lb) and 34.6 kg (76.3 lb), respectively. The evaluation focused on comparing the two rucksack systems with regard to their effects on the biomechanical, physiological, and agility performance of Soldiers. The energy generation capabilities of the LP were also examined. Twelve male enlisted U.S. Army Soldiers (24.5 3.9 years; 177.4 5.8 cm; 84.3 10.2 kg) participated in this evaluation. Gait kinetics, kinematics, and metabolic responses were measured during treadmill walking at a speed of 1.34 ms-1 (3.0 mh-1) on 0 , 5 , and -5 treadmill grades, as well as at 1.61 ms-1 (3.6 mh-1) at a 0 grade. Participants also completed a maximal effort agility drill in both pack configurations. The findings indicate that carrying the LP prototype is less metabolically efficient than carrying the MOLLE. The LP also affects the biomechanics of walking differently than the MOLLE, with significant differences in forward trunk lean angle, hip angle, and sagittal plane hip moments. In terms of energy harvesting and production during walking, the current weight penalty of carrying the LP prototype overrides the benefit of the energy harvesting capability of the prototype. Recommendations are made to improve performance of future LP systems.
A Spatial Analysis of Foreign Aid and Civil Society

We use a Spatial Durbin Model to examine the relationship between civil society aid projects and measures of civil society including membership and participation in community groups and satisfaction with democracy in Nigeria and Uganda. We then study the effect of civil society aid programs on corruption, a proxy for elite capture. The spatial model allows us to estimate the effects of project spillovers that may indirectly impact non project areas. We find that civil society aid projects are associated with a decrease in the creation of community groups and attendance at community meetings in Nigeria. In Uganda, we find that civil society aid projects have a negative effect on the membership of community groups in neighboring areas. We also find that civil society projects have a positive effect on satisfaction with democracy, but they reduce satisfaction in neighbouring areas in both Nigeria and Uganda. Our corruption measures reveal that corruption has a positive direct correlation with civil society aid projects in Uganda. A number of robustness measures are used to account for selection.
Additional Evidence on the Accuracy of Analyst Forecasts Before and After Voluntary Management Earnings Forecasts

This study examines the relative accuracy of analyst earnings forecasts pre- pared both before (prior forecasts) and after (posterior forecasts) voluntary management earn- ings forecasts. The motivation for the study stems directly from recent studies which docu- ment statistically significant stock price reactions associated with management forecasts. The results of these studies suggest that management conveys new (or inside) information about earnings through its forecasts. Based on these results, one would expect that management forecasts would be more accurate than prior analyst forecasts while management and posterior analyst forecasts would be equally accurate. This paper reports results fully consis- tent with both of these predictions. These results, however, are conditional upon caveats about the estimation dates for analyst forecasts used to classify them as prior or posterior. Several previous studies have also investigated similar issues but have produced conflicting results. The tests reported here are based on larger samples than those found in previous studies. This suggests that any accuracy differences between management and analysts are of such magnitude that they can be detected only in relatively large samples.
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin-2: dose and schedules of administration in the treatment of metastatic cancer.

PURPOSE The potential for therapeutic use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), as adoptive cellular therapy has been touted for many years with some encouraging reports in patients with metastatic melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We previously described methodologies for TIL production and phenotypic characterization of TIL generated in our laboratory between 1991 and 1995 in semipermeable bags and between 1996 and 2000 in bioreactors. Patients treated in the earlier era were to have received a hybrid bolus and a 12-hour continuous infusion of interleukin (IL)-2 (total, 48 MIU), while in the latter era 4 days of interferon- alpha preceded the TIL and IL-2; which was given by a hybrid schedule that included bolus and 72- hour continuous IL-2 (total, 96 MIU). There were 55 patients, including 23 patients with melanoma, 9 patients with renal cell carcinoma, and 8 patients with colorectal cancer. There was only 1 objective tumor response, which was noted in a patient with renal cell carcinoma. The 55 patients who received these products were grouped in cohorts by treatment era, quantity of TIL received, amount of IL-2 intended, and different combinations of TIL and IL-2. RESULTS There was no difference in survival by production method (treatment era), or amount of IL-2 given with TIL, but 33 patients who received an intermediate or higher dose of TIL (mean = 54.4 x 10(9)) had a median survival of 11.8 months, compared to 6.4 months for 22 patients who received 1 low-dose TIL (mean = 6.48 x 10(9)) (p = 0.059, log rank test). The objective response rate in this heterogeneous group of patients was not encouraging. The data suggest there may be a dose/benefit relationship between the total number of TIL infused and survival.
Photooxidation technology for correlated light and electron microscopy

The combination of the capabilities of light microscopical techniques with the power of resolution of electron microscopy along with technical advances has led to a gradual decline of the gap between classical light and electron microscopy. Among the correlative techniques using the synergistic opportunities, photooxidation methods have been established as valuable tools for visualizing cell structures at both light and electron microscopic level. Fluorescent dyes are used to oxidize the substrate diaminobenzidine, which in its oxidized state forms fine granular precipitates. Stained with osmium, the diaminobenzidine precipitates are well discernible in the electron microscope, thus labelling and defining the cellular structures, which at light microscopy level are recorded by fluorescent probes. The underlying photooxidation reaction is based on the excitation of free oxygen radicals that form upon illumination of fluorochromes; this is a central step in the procedure, which mainly influences the success of the method. This article summarizes basic steps of the technology and progresses, shows efforts and elaborated pathways, and focuses on methodical solutions as to the applicability of different fluorochromes, as well as conditions for fine structural localizations of the reaction products.
Interventional Endoscopic Ultrasound in Pancreatic Diseases

During the last 15 years, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has become an important imaging procedure for diagnosis and management of pancreatic diseases. The clinical interest of EUS is now enhanced by interventional procedures. Noteworthy, fine-needle aspiration biopsy is one of the most important contributions of EUS, in particular for the investigation of patients with pancreatic cancer and cystic tumors. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration appears to be a safe and reliable technique to obtain tissue from pancreatic masses with a low risk of complications. EUS became also a therapeutic procedure, especially applied for celiac plexus neurolysis, pseudocyst drainage, and pancreaticogastrostomy. Further developments are expected by improvement of needle devices such as pancreatic pseudocyst drainage kits. In the future, EUS might be also a support for local application of new treatments of pancreatic tumors, such as gene or cellular therapy products. In this review, we discuss the current clinical applications of interventional EUS and the future development for diagnosis and management of pancreatic diseases.
Muscle Bioenergetics in Skiers: Studies Using NMR Spectroscopy

Sedentary human subjects (n = 6) and two homogeneous groups of athletes, trained for down-hill skiing (n = 5) and cross-country skiing (n = 7), were subjected to cardiorespiratory testing and to evaluation of the bioenergetics of calf muscles by means of Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The exercise consisted of successive plantar flexions performed at graded fractions of the maximal voluntary contraction force. It appears from this study that the decrease in phosphocreatine level induced by exercise at 80% of maximal voluntary contraction, was smaller in the muscles of athletes who trained for cross-country skiing, than in the muscles of down-hill skiers and control subjects. Intracellular acidosis was virtually absent in cross-country athletes. The rate of restitution of phosphocreatine, after the exercise, was higher in both groups of skiers, compared to sedentary subjects. The maximal oxygen consumption and the maximal alactic power were higher in athletes than in sedentary subjects. NMR data and mechanical measurements are used in consideration with functional systemic indexes to characterize the capabilities of skiers.
Complex Minisatellite Rearrangements Generated in the Total or Partial Absence of Rad27/hFEN1 Activity Occur in a Single Generation and Are Rad51 and Rad52 Dependent

ABSTRACT Genomes contain tandem repeat blocks that are at risk of expansion or contraction. The mechanisms of destabilization of the human minisatellite CEB1 (arrays of 36- to 43-bp repeats) were investigated in a previously developed model system, in which CEB1-0.6 (14 repeats) and CEB1-1.8 (42 repeats) alleles were inserted into the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As in human cells, CEB1 is stable in mitotically growing yeast cells but is frequently rearranged in the absence of the Rad27/hFEN1 protein involved in Okazaki fragments maturation. To gain insight into this mode of destabilization, the CEB1-1.8 and CEB1-0.6 human alleles and 47 rearrangements derived from a CEB1-1.8 progenitor in rad27Δ cells were sequenced. A high degree of polymorphism of CEB1 internal repeats was observed, attesting to a large variety of homology-driven rearrangements. Simple deletion, double deletion, and highly complex events were observed. Pedigree analysis showed that all rearrangements, even the most complex, occurred in a single generation and were inherited equally by mother and daughter cells. Finally, the rearrangement frequency was found to increase with array size, and partial complementation of the rad27Δ mutation by hFEN1 demonstrated that the production of novel CEB1 alleles is Rad52 and Rad51 dependent. Instability can be explained by an accumulation of unresolved flap structures during replication, leading to the formation of recombinogenic lesions and faulty repair, best understood by homology-dependent synthesis-strand displacement and annealing.
Police-Faith Relations: Perceptions, Experiences and Challenges

The changing landscape of police-faith relations in the UK presents challenges to policing policy and practice relating to issues of prejudice, hate crime, extremism and terrorism. Academic attention in this area has largely focussed on Muslim and Jewish communities in the context of hate crime and terrorism, yet increasing diversity and community hostility to ‘difference’ requires a broader lens through which to assess police-faith relations. This case study draws on qualitative interviews with police officers and staff, self-identified ‘faith community leaders’ and community members across Baha’i, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim, Quaker and Sikh faiths. The findings demonstrate a prevailing perception of the police as ‘uncultured’, fuelled by limited engagement with faith communities and the framing of police-faith relations as an issue of diversity associated with risk. This issue is exacerbated by systemic dominant cultures in policing which value ‘catching criminals’ and devalue the ‘soft’ skills and roles associated with building relationships across diverse groups. The ‘cultural work’ of the police in the recognition of some social identities and groups over others is shown to impact upon perceptions of procedural justice and legitimacy in policing across faith groups. The findings highlight limitations in leadership and strategy to develop police-community relationships, which specifically impacts upon faith groups at the periphery of police awareness and protection. This study shows that interrelated issues of police cultures, prejudice and faith hate crime are evident in a county where ‘diversity’ is less visible and argues for faith to become more explicit in assessments of police legitimacy beyond large, multicultural cities.
Regional Differences and Threshold Effects of Capital-Skill Complementarity in China

ABSTRACT On the framework of Chris and Viera (2005), this article studies the capital-skill complementarity and its regional differences of China, firstly. It is shown that there exists evidence in favor of capital-skill complementarity on the full sample of China. When we test its regional differences, we find no evidence in favor of capital-skill complementarity in the central and western regions, but strong evidence in the eastern region. Further study finds that, the “capital-skill complementarity” exists in the threshold effect. Thus, we argue that the original differences of capital-skill complementarity are relative to the economic development. These results reveal that the low-income region (such as the central and western regions) tends to allocate their capital to complement their abundance of unskilled labor but not skilled labor, but the middle-income region (such as the eastern region) shows just the opposite trend. In short, this article provides some new evidences for the nonlinearity of capital-skill complementarity and supports the viewpoint on “transitory phenomenon” of capital-skill complementarity.
Triacylglycerol biosynthesis and gene expression in microspore-derived cell suspension cultures of oilseed rape

developing seeds of oilseed rape is fundamental to the rational development of biotechnological strategies for The effect of sucrose concentration on triacylglycerol increasing seed oil content and manipulating oil composibiosynthesis and associated gene expression was tion. In oilseeds, the biosynthesis of TAG in developing examined in a microspore-derived cell suspension cul- seeds is catalysed by the sequential addition of fatty acyl ture of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Jet Neuf). groups to a glycerol backbone derived from sn-glycerol The triacylglycerol content of the cells increased about 3-phosphate (Stymne and Stobart, 1987; Stobart and 5-fold on a fresh weight basis when the sucrose con- Stymne, 1990). Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT; centration in the growth medium was raised from 2% EC 2.3.1.20) catalyses the acylation of sn-1, to 22% (w/v). The specific activity of microsomal 2-diacylglycerol to yield TAG (Stymne and Stobart, diacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20) and its 1987). In developing seeds of Brassica napus L. , maximum activity per unit fresh weight increased about 2.5-fold DGAT activity occurs during the rapid phase of oil and 6-fold, respectively, when sucrose concentration accumulation ( Tzen et al., 1993; Weselake et al., 1993a). was increased from 2% to 14%. mRNA encoding the The enzyme may also exert significant flux control in major oleosin also appeared to increase in abundance TAG bioassembly (Perry and Harwood, 1993a, b). The over the 2‐14% sucrose concentration range when enzymes of TAG bioassembly are associated with the RNA fractions were analysed by the reverse transcrip- endoplasmic reticulum ( ER) (Stobart et al., 1986). tion-polymerase chain reaction. The sucrose-mediated The apparently hydrophobic and labile nature of these increases in diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity and enzymes appears to have impeded progress on their oleosin mRNA indicated that the cell suspension could purification and characterization (Gibson et al., 1994; be a useful research tool for the identification of Little et al., 1994; Eccleston and Harwood, 1995; Kocsis cDNAs encoding triacylglycerol biosynthetic enzymes et al., 1996). TAG accumulates in developing seeds of B. and associated proteins. napus as small droplets, termed oil bodies, which are incapsulated by a single layer of phospholipid (Murphy,
Ecobiotherapy Rich in Firmicutes Decreases Susceptibility to Colitis in a Humanized Gnotobiotic Mouse Model

Background:Alterations in the intestinal microbiota, characterized by depletion of anti-inflammatory bacteria, such as Firmicutes, in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have prompted interest in microbiota-modulating strategies for this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of fecal and synthetic human microbial ecosystems, low or enriched in Firmicutes, on colitis susceptibility and host immune responses. Methods:The microbiota of selected healthy and UC human donors was characterized by culture method and 16S rRNA-based sequencing. Germ-free mice were colonized with fecal or a synthetic ecosystem enriched (healthy donors) or low (UC donors) in Firmicutes. Experimental colitis was induced using dextran sodium sulfate. Colon transcriptome and colon lamina propria cells were evaluated in mice postcolonization by RNA-seq and flow cytometry, respectively, and T helper (TH) 17 differentiation was assessed in vitro. Results:Mice colonized with microbiota from patients with UC low in Firmicutes had increased sensitivity to colitis compared with mice colonized with fecal or synthetic ecosystems rich in Firmicutes. Microbiota low in Firmicutes increased expression of TH17-related genes and expansion of interleukin-17A–expressing CD4+ cells in vivo. Supplementation with bacterial isolates belonging to the Firmicutes phylum abrogated the heightened TH17 responses in vitro. Conclusions:A microbiota rich in Firmicutes derived from fecal samples of a healthy human donor, or assembled synthetically, downregulated colonic inflammation and TH17 pathways in mice. The results support the use of ecobiotherapy strategies, enriched in Firmicutes, for the prevention or treatment of UC.
Multi‐slice computed tomography in the evaluation of patients with acute chest pain

Every year, a considerable number of patients present at the Emergency Department (ED) with acute chest pain complaints. In these patients, determining accurate diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains clinically challenging. In general, triage is based on the initial clinical assessment including (stress) ECG and serial serum markers measurements. While management is relatively straightforward in case of ECG changes and elevated serum markers, a considerable number of patients presents with both serum markers and ECG that are either within normal limits or inconclusive. In these patients, non‐invasive cardiac imaging has become an important tool in decision‐making. Recently, non‐invasive visualization of the coronary arteries has become possible with computed tomography (CT) techniques. Both electron beam CT (EBCT) and multi‐slice CT (MSCT) allow assessment of coronary calcium burden as a marker of coronary artery disease (CAD). More recently, non‐invasive coronary angiography can also be performed, for which MSCT in particular is increasingly used. Potentially these techniques could become useful in the clinical work‐up of patients presenting with suspected ACS. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the potential roles of calcium scoring and non‐invasive coronary angiography in patients presenting with suspected ACS.