Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing a Model to Measure Shopping Center Attractiveness in Tourism Regions (Case: Kish Island)

The importance of commercial centers as a major driver of tourism has been widely acknowledged in theoretical studies of tourism marketing. This study combines quantitative and qualitative approaches to determine the effective measures on the attractiveness of commercial centers as one of the effective dimensions on the attractiveness of tourism areas and the research data have been collected and analyzed in two main phases. The first phase by conducting qualitative exploratory research through semistructured interviews with active managers in the urban planning and tourism area of Kish Island and analyzing the content of the responses presented confirmed that the attractiveness of commercial marketing could be considered as one of the criteria determining the attractiveness of the tourist areas. In the second phase of the study, in two separate studies, with the participation of tourists from Kish Island, with the aim of identifying the criteria affecting the attractiveness of commercial shopping centers in terms of buyers based on confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis methods as well as structural equation modeling (SEM), a five-dimensional model tangible factors, store space, product, sellers, and convenience shopping is designed.
Microcystin-LR Induced Immunotoxicity in Mammals

Microcystins are toxic molecules produced by cyanobacterial blooms due to water eutrophication. Exposure to microcystins is a global health problem because of its association with various other pathological effects and people all over the world are exposed to microcystins on a regular basis. Evidence shows that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) may adversely affect the immune system, but its specific effects on immune functions are lacking. In the present review, immunotoxicological effects associated with MC-LR in animals, humans, and in vitro models have been reported. Overall, the data shows that chronic exposure to MC-LR has the potential to impair vital immune responses which could lead to increased risk of various diseases including cancers. Studies in animal and in vitro models have provided some pivotal understanding into the potential mechanisms of MC-LR related immunotoxicity suggesting that further investigation, particularly in humans, is required to better understand the relationship between development of disease and the MC-LR exposure.
Common Peroneal Nerve Neuropraxia After Arthroscopic Inside-Out Lateral Meniscus Repair

Common peroneal nerve injury caused by suture entrapment is a complication of arthroscopic inside-out lateral meniscus repair. In the literature, the treatment of this complication has been described as immediate reexploration. We present a case of recovery after late neurolysis performed 7 months postoperatively for a common peroneal nerve neuropraxia. In addition to describing return of function after late exploration, we discuss the management and prevention of this complication.
The ways of improvement special physical training of high-qualified women volleyball players in competitive period of annual macrocycle

Urpose: to evaluate the influence of creating the program of training process in the competition period of the annual macro cycles on the level of special physical training of women volleyball players. Material and methods: women volleyball players of high qualification participated in the experiment (n=14, age 20-22 years). An assessment of the level of special physical fitness of volleyball players was conducted. It is used author’s program. Results: features of the functional dependence of the level of general physical preparedness with the separate components of the special physical preparedness of volleyball players are established. The peculiarities of dynamics of indicators of athletes’ special physical training in the competition period are determined. The strongest correlation relationship was the level of general physical fitness with: the level of general and hopping endurance; the level of development of jumping; special dexterity; special endurance; speed and strength of hands. As part of corrective modules, the training load of aerobic-anaerobic direction was increased. The main means of compound character training are: complex-coordinated and technical actions in combination with the accuracy of transmission; response to moving object; locking; attacking strikes. Conclusions: application of the experimental program of training process construction helps to maintain high level of basic indicators of athletes’ special physical fitness during the competitive season. The experimental program involved the redistribution of training loads of aerobic and anaerobic-aerobic orientation within the framework of correcting modules.
Overcoming Resource Constraints: The Role of Creative Resourcing and Equity Crowdfunding in Financing Entrepreneurial Ventures

This dissertation extends current knowledge about how entrepreneurs overcome resource constraints, without relying extensively on capital from “traditional” equity investors. In particular, I build on research on creative resourcing (i.e., bricolage, bootstrapping) and on literature on equity crowdfunding, to investigate (1) how do bricolage and bootstrapping affect firm-level outcomes, (2) How do top management team (TMT) attributes influence the reliance of firms on bricolage and bootstrapping, and (3) How do crowd investors (i.e. investors in equity crowdfunding) identify high-quality opportunities to invest in. The findings from the first two studies show that bootstrapping and bricolage are prevalent resourcing behaviors in small and medium-sized enterprises, and that these behaviors differentially affect firm outcomes. More specifically, bricolage enables firms to balance exploration and exploitation, and positively effects firm performance, whereas bootstrapping has a negative effect on firm performance. I also found supporting evidence that the socio-cognitive attributes of the TMTs fundamentally shape the willingness and ability of these teams to engage in bricolage and bootstrapping. The findings from the third study in my dissertation support the contention that crowd investors use heuristics (i.e. mental shortcuts aimed at reducing the effort required for a task), when evaluating investment opportunities. Most importantly, several heuristics, such as the disconfirmation and selectivity heuristics, help investors identify the more promising investment opportunities. These findings have important practical implications for investors, but also for entrepreneurs that can improve the way they interact with their (potential) investors.
Characterization of Murine Sphingosine-1-phosphate Phosphohydrolase*

In the present study we have characterized mammalian sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase (SPP1), an enzyme that specifically dephosphorylates sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and which differs from previously described lipid phosphate phosphohydrolases. Based on sequence homology to murine SPP1, we cloned the human homolog. Transfection of human embryonic kidney 293 and Chinese hamster ovary cells with murine or human SPP1 resulted in marked increases in SPP1 activity in membrane fractions that were used to examine its enzymological properties. Unlike other known type 2 lipid phosphate phosphohydrolases (LPPs), but similar to the yeast orthologs, mammalian SPP1s are highly specific toward long chain sphingoid base phosphates and degrade S1P, dihydro-S1P, and phyto-S1P. SPP1 exhibited apparent Michaelis-Menten kinetics with S1P as substrate with an apparent Km of 38.5 μmand optimum activity at pH 7.5. Similar to other LPPs, SPP1 activity was also independent of any cation requirements, including Mg2+, and was not inhibited by EDTA but was markedly inhibited by NaF and Zn2+. However, SPP1 has some significantly different enzymological properties than the LPPs: the aliphatic cation propanolol, which is an effective inhibitor of type 1 phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activities and is only modestly effective as an inhibitor of LPPs, is a potent inhibitor of SPP1; the activity was partially sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide but not to the thioreactive compound iodoacetamide; and importantly, low concentrations of Triton X-100 and other non-ionic detergents were strongly inhibitory. Thus, in agreement with Cluster analysis which shows that outside of the consensus motif there is very little homology between SPP1s and the other type 2 lipid phosphohydrolases, SPP1s are significantly different and divergent from the mammalian LPPs.
Looking for the Cat and Seeing the Dog: Using Visual Search to Study Semantic Knowledge in Children

Semantic knowledge influences various higher-order cognitive processes; therefore, it is important to understand how it changes with development. The Match-to-Sample task is perhaps the most common paradigm for studying changes in semantic knowledge over development, yet this paradigm has a number of limitations. Here we provide initial evidence validating a Visual Search paradigm as a measure of semantic knowledge in preschoolers, and discuss the potential of this paradigm to address the limitations posed by the Match-toSample task to study semantic knowledge development.
Acromegaly from ectopic growth hormone‐releasing hormone secretion by a malignant carcinoid tumor. Successful treatment with long‐acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995

A 26‐year‐old man with acromegaly secondary to ectopic growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) secretion by a metastatic carcinoid tumor is the subject of this study. He previously failed to respond to conventional therapeutic modalities (partial hypophysectomy, pituitary irradiation, high‐dose bromocriptine and a combination of streptozotocin and 5‐fluorouracil) and was treated with long‐acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995 (Sandoz, East Hanover, NJ). Growth hormone and somatomedin C concentrations became normal, and GHRH‐LI (GHRH‐like immunoreactivity) was suppressed by more than 60%. The growth hormone response to exogenous GHRH 1–40 was stopped and growth hormone rise to thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was significantly attenuated. A significant shrinkage of the pituitary gland was observed. Similarly, the size of the metastatic carcinoid lesions decreased dramatically and was accompanied by a normalization of liver function. After almost 2 years of SMS 201–995 therapy, the patient was well and had no clinical signs of acromegaly. Thus, SMS 201–995 appears to be a remarkably effective agent for treatment of acromegaly secondary to ectopic GHRH secretion.
A Bayesian Network to Ease Knowledge Acquisition of Causal Dependence in CREAM: Application of Recursive Noisy‐OR Gates

Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM) is a common Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) method of second generation. In this paper, to improve the capabilities of CREAM, we propose a probabilistic method based on Bayesian Network (BN) to determine control mode and quantify Human Error Probability (HEP). The BN development process is described in a four‐phase methodology including (i) definition of the nodes and their states; (ii) building the graphical structure; (iii) quantification of BN through assessment of the Conditional Probability Tables (CPT) values and (iv) model validation. Intractability of knowledge acquisition of large CPTs is the most significant limitation of existing BN model of CREAM. So, the main contribution of this paper lies in its application of Recursive Noisy‐OR (RN‐OR) gate to treat large CPTs assessment and ease knowledge acquisition. RN‐OR allows combination of dependent Common Performance Conditions (CPCs). Finally, a quantitative HEP analysis is applied to enable more precise estimation of HEP through a probabilistic approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The disadvantages of winning an election

After an election, the winner has to decide what to do in front of popular initiatives or policy proposals coming from different sources. We analyze the problem that an incumbent faces during the legislature when deciding how to react to them. This paper shows the disadvantages that the incumbent has won together with the election. We also analyze the decision of the incumbent when facing his reelection, and we show under which conditions the advantages that the incumbent obtains can overcome the initial disadvantages.
Effects of Raman scattering and frequency chirping on soliton-effect pulse compression.

The effects of initial frequency chirp and Raman scattering on soliton-effect pulse compression are investigated. We show that Raman scattering causes a significant degradation in the compression of high-order soliton pulses. A 24% reduction is found in the compression ratio of soliton pulses of 1-ps width and order N = 15. We also show that positive chirp enhances the compression and the breakup of high-order soliton pulses, whereas negative chirp degrades the compression and retards the breakup of those pulses. These effects become more pronounced as the soliton order is increased.
Effect of the Dome on the Collisional Neutral Gas Flow in the Demo Divertor

This paper presents the analyses of the dome effect on the pumping efficiency and screening of the neutrals for the European DEMO ITER-like divertor configuration of 2015. The effect of the dome on neutral compression in the private flux region is assessed by using the DIVGAS code based on the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. The numerical analysis includes the calculation of neutral density, temperature, and pressure in the divertor plenum and the overall conductance of the subdivertor structure, which consequently affects the estimation of the effective pumping speed. It is quantified how the presence of the dome impedes the reflux of neutrals toward the plasma. In addition, due to the intermolecular interactions, the dome does not strongly influence the macroscopic quantities near the pumping duct. A strong reflux of neutrals in the domeless case, as it was previously found in the free molecular flow case, is confirmed to be present also in the case of a collisional flow.
A Revised Factor Structure for the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale

Background: Symptom reports play a critical role in the assessment and management of concussions. Symptoms are often conceptualized as factors comprising several related symptoms (eg, somatic factor = headache, nausea, vomiting). Previous research examining the factor structure of the 22-item Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) has been limited to small samples and has not adequately evaluated factor loadings at both baseline and postconcussion for male and female athletes at the high school and collegiate levels. Purpose: To examine the factor structure of the 22-item PCSS in independent samples of high school and collegiate athletes reported at baseline and postconcussion, and to evaluate sex and age differences in the resulting baseline and postconcussion symptom factor scores. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Exploratory factor analytic (EFA) methods were applied to 2 separate samples of athletes who completed the PCSS at baseline (n = 30,455) and 1 to 7 days after a sport-related concussion (n = 1438). The baseline sample (mean ± standard deviation) was 15.74 ± 1.78 years, with a range of 13 to 22 years, and the postconcussion sample was 17.14 ± 2.25 years, with a range of 13 to 24 years. Results: A 4-factor solution accounting for 49.1% of the variance at baseline included a cognitive-sensory, sleep-arousal, vestibular-somatic, and affective factor structure. A 4-factor solution that included cognitive-fatigue-migraine, affective, somatic, and sleep was revealed for the postconcussion EFA. High school athletes reported higher baseline levels of the cognitive-sensory and vestibular-somatic symptom factors and lower levels of the sleep-arousal factor than college athletes. Female participants reported higher symptoms on all postconcussion factors than male participants. Conclusion: The current findings reveal different symptom factors at baseline and postinjury and several age and sex differences on the symptom factors. At postconcussion, symptoms aggregated into a global concussion factor including cognitive, fatigue, and migraine symptoms. Symptoms reported at baseline are not the same as those reported after injury. The presence of a global postconcussion symptom comprising the fatigue factor highlights the importance of physical and cognitive rest during the first week after a concussion. Although headache was the most commonly reported symptom, it was not the greatest contributor to the global postconcussion symptom factor.
Ontogeny of rapid tolerance to the hypnotic effects of ethanol.

BACKGROUND Alcohol use typically begins during adolescence. Little is known regarding the antecedents and impact of this early alcohol use, although age-related changes in the neural systems modulating alcohol sensitivity could contribute to the propensity of adolescents to consume alcohol. We have previously observed a marked ontogenetic decline in acute tolerance to ethanol (EtOH), with preweanling pups exhibiting the most acute tolerance (Silveri and Spear, 1998). The objective of this study was to assess whether rapid tolerance shows a similar ontogenetic profile. METHODS In Experiment I of the present study, female and male Sprague-Dawley preweanling rats at postnatal day (P) 16 or young adults at P56 were examined. On Day 1, preweanlings were pretreated with saline, 1.5, 3.5, or 5.0 g/kg EtOH and adults were pretreated with saline or 3.5 g/kg EtOH. This was followed by challenge with 3.5 g/kg EtOH and assessment of ethanol-induced sleep time on Day 2. In Experiment II, adolescents at P36 were pretreated with saline, 3.5, or 5.0 g/kg EtOH on Day 1 before Day 2 assessment of sleep time after 3.5 g/kg EtOH. Upon awakening, animals were killed and whole brains removed and analyzed for brain alcohol levels (BrALs). RESULTS Rapid tolerance was observed in P36 and P56 animals, with EtOH-pretreated animals exhibiting significantly shorter sleep times than age-matched animals treated with saline. In contrast, no evidence for rapid tolerance was seen after any pretreatment dose at P16. Interestingly, although EtOH-pretreated adults woke at higher BrALs than saline-treated adults, this pattern was not evident in the adolescents, which suggests that at this age, metabolic tolerance may play a prominent role in the expression of rapid tolerance. Thus, it seems as though the ability to develop rapid tolerance to EtOH hypnosis emerges during adolescence and continues into adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Together with previous findings that adolescent animals also display substantial acute tolerance to alcohol (Silveri and Spear, 1998), the propensity of adolescents for developing these two forms of tolerance may have important implications for the increased voluntary consumption of alcohol at this age relative to other ages.
Meta-analysis of 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2A receptor polymorphisms and migraine susceptibility

Epidemiologic studies have investigated the association of polymorphisms in 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2A receptor (5HT2A) gene and migraine susceptibility, but the results of those studies are inconclusive. To obtain a more systematic estimation of the association, we conducted a comprehensive search to examine all the eligible studies of 5HT2A polymorphisms and migraine risk. The odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine the strength of the association. Publication bias was analyzed by Begg's funnel plots. Seven eligible studies regarding 5HT2A T102C and A-1438G polymorphisms with 721 cases and 713 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significant associations were found between 5HT2A T102C (for T vs. C: OR = 1.029, 95% CI = 0.870–1.217, p = 0.739; for TT vs. CC: OR = 1.083, 95% CI = 0.760–1.544, p = 0.657; for TT + TC vs. CC: OR = 1.066, 95% CI = 0.802–1.416, p = 0.662; for TT vs. TC + CC: OR = 1.017, 95% CI = 0.774–1.336, p = 0.904) or A-1438G (for T vs. C: OR = 0.996, 95% CI = 0.726–1.365, p = 0.979; for TT vs. CC: OR = 0.983, 95% CI = 0.511–1.891, p = 0.960; for TT + TC vs. CC: OR = 1.118, 95% CI = 0.654–1.910, p = 0.684; for TT vs. TC + CC: OR = 0.890, 95% CI = 0.528–1.499, p = 0.661) polymorphisms and migraine risk. The further subgroup analysis by ethnicity, assay and disease type also found no significant association using four genetic models. Meanwhile, the publication bias analysis suggests that there is no publication bias in these studies. In conclusion, our current meta-analysis implies that 5HT2A T102C and A-1438G polymorphisms may be not risk factors in the pathogenesis of migraine.
Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of Lobelia pyramidalis Wall

The essential oil of Lobelia pyramidalis was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. A total of 21 constituents comprising 77.88 % of the total oil were identified. Perilla ketone constituted 25.61 % of the oil followed by camphorquinone (12.16 %), dibutyl phthalate (10.66 %) and allyl nonanoate (8.47 %). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated using the disc diffusion method and the microdilution technique. The results showed that the oil exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity.
Cocoa Production and Export in Ghana

The objective of this paper is to analyse the production and export of Cocoa in Ghana. Concerns about declining output and export of cocoa in Ghana has prompted the necessity of this study. Given the significance of Ghana as the principal producer and exporter of cocoa and a major source of foreign earnings in the country, it is imperative to analyze the production and export trend of the industry. This study review cocoa production and export in Ghana over a 21 year period spanning from 1995 to 2016. Time series data were employed and these were collected from FOA database and other secondary sources from Literatures and books to process the data. We assessed the country’s production and export trend by using both empirical and descriptive approaches which were checked by multivariate statistical analysis. The results suggest that total cocoa production and export in Ghana both witnessed an average year-over- year increase of 5.3% and 5.7% respectively. In spite of these improvements observed, there is potential for further improvement and this can be achieved through government support to the subsector.
Expression and association of CD44v6 with prognosis in T2-3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

AIM To investigate the expression of CD44v6 in stage T2-3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its prognostic significance. METHODS The expression of CD44v6 in a series of 227 ESCC specimens was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). A reproducible semiquantitative method which took both staining percentage and intensity into account was applied for IHC scoring, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to select the cut-off score for high or low IHC reactivity. Then, the correlations of CD44v6 expression with clinicopathological features of patients and its prognostic relevance were determined. RESULTS In the present study, the proportion of low CD44v6 expression was found significantly lower in Grade 3 of ESCC, than that of Grade 1 and Grade 2 of ESCC. There are no significant correlations between CD44v6 expression and other clinicopathological parameters including gender, age, tumor size, tumor location, depth of invasion and pathological stage. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that up-regulated expression of CD44v6 indicated a poorer post-operative survival for ESCC patients of stage T2-3N0M0 (P=0.009), especially for those with T2 lesions (P=0.044) or with stage IIB diseases (P=0.005). Multivariate analysis also confirmed that CD44v6 expression [relative risk, 1.639; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.142-2.354, P=0.007] and depth of invasion (relative risk, 1.487; 95% CI: 1.063-2.080, P=0.020) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS Elevated CD44v6 expression may be an adverse prognostic indicator for patients with stage T2-3N0M0 ESCC, especially for those with T2 lesions or stage IIB diseases.