Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Creativity as Blind Variation and Selective Retention : Is the Creative Process Darwinian ?

Darwinism provides not only a theory of biological evolution but also supplies a more generic process applicable to many phenomena in the behavioral sciences. Among these applications is the blind-variation and selective-retention model of creativity proposed by Campbell (1960). Research over the past 4 decades lends even more sup port to Campbell’s model. This support is indicated by reviewing the experimental, psychometric, and historiometric literature on creativity. Then 4 major objections to the Darwinian model are examined (sociocultural determinism, individual volition, human rationality, and domain expertise). The article concludes by speculating whether the Darwinian model may actually subsume all alternative theories of creativity as special cases of the larger framework.
Modeling of the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields based on realistic maps of field-aligned currents

[1] A new approach for modeling the global distribution of ionospheric electric potentials utilizing high-precision maps of FACs derived from measurements by the Orsted and Champ satellites as input to a comprehensive numerical scheme is presented. The boundary conditions provide a correct treatment of the asymmetry of conductivity and sources of electric potential between the northern and southern hemispheres. On the basis of numerical simulation the basic convection patterns developed simultaneously in both hemispheres for equinox and summer/winter solstices are obtained. A rather complicated dependence of the convection patterns on season linked with the sign of IMF BY is found. In particular, the combinations of BY > 0/summer and BY 0/winter. The model predicts that the summer cross-polar potentials are smaller than the winter potentials. The value of the ratio depends on the combination of season/IMF BY sign. The ratio is found to be greater for the combination of BY > 0/southern summer and BY 0/northern summer under northward IMF conditions. At middle latitudes the main features of the MLT-profile of the westward and equatorward electric field components are reproduced. The model predicts that during solstice the equatorward component of the midlatitude electric field is negative at all local times for BY 0 . Citation: Lukianova, R. , and F. Christiansen (2006), Modeling of the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields based on realistic maps of field-aligned currents, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A03213, doi:10.1029/2005JA011465.
The role of cultural value dimensions in relational demography

The Malaysian public sector has undergone various transformations since the Independence. From its custodial role in the newly independent country, the public sector had changed and taken an active role in the country’s economic development. However, since 1980s onwards, the philosophy and techniques of New Public Management (NPM) have been implemented in Malaysia.This again transformed the public sector from being an engine of economic growth to become a facilitator to the private sector and service provider to the public. In line with NPM’s underlying belief of the superiority of businesslike practices, various contemporary management practices and philosophy were implemented in the Malaysian public sector. The implantation of private sector practices in the public sector was enhanced with the introduction a performance measurement system which utilises the use of key performance indicators in 2005. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine and analyse the current improvement programme within the wider public sector reform programmes in Malaysia. The issues and consequences of using key performance indicators in the public sector are discussed. To understand further the reasons and the push for reform, contextual descriptions of the various phases of public sector reform in Malaysia are also discussed in this paper.
Tracking the attenuation and nonbreaking dissipation of swells using altimeters

A method for systematically tracking swells across oceanic basins is developed by taking advantage of high-quality data from space-borne altimeters and wave model output. The evolution of swells is observed over large distances based on 202 swell events with periods ranging from 12 to 18 s. An empirical attenuation rate of swell energy of about 4 × 10−7 m−1 is estimated using these observations, and the nonbreaking energy dissipation rates of swells far away from their generating areas are also estimated using a point source model. The resulting acceptance range of nonbreaking dissipation rates is −2.5 to 5.0 × 10−7 m−1, which corresponds to a dissipation e-folding scales of at least 2000 km for steep swells, to almost infinite for small-amplitude swells. These resulting rates are consistent with previous studies using in-situ and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations. The frequency dispersion and angular spreading effects during swell propagation are discussed by comparing the results with other studies, demonstrating that they are the two dominant processes for swell height attenuation, especially in the near field. The resulting dissipation rates from these observations can be used as a reference for ocean engineering and wave modeling, and for related studies such as air-sea and wind-wave-turbulence interactions.
Effect of an Anti-Supine Shirt for Treatment of Supine-related Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Background and Objective: To evaluate the effects of a t-shirt designed to prevent patients from sleeping supine (anti-supine shirt) on the frequency of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep (apnea-hypopnea index) in patients with supine-related obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: Twenty-seven consecutive patients found to have supine-related obstructive sleep apnea on a diagnostic polysomnogram were prescribed an anti-supine shirt and then underwent a follow up polysomnogram while wearing this shirt. We then compared the amount of supine sleep time and apnea-hypopnea index between the baseline and follow-up polysomnograms. Results: A comparison between the baseline and follow-up polysomnograms revealed that there was no significant difference in total sleep time (from 297.2 ± 76.5 to 289.8 ± 101.6 min, p=0.654), but there was a significant reduction in the amount of supine sleep time while wearing the anti-supine shirt (from 149.2 ± 82.9 to 21.3 ± 52.9 min, p<0.001). This was accompanied by a 55% reduction in the total apnea-hypopnea index (from 23.8 ± 8.0 to 10.7 ± 14.7, p<0.001) Conclusions: The anti-snore shirt reduced the severity of supine-related obstructive sleep apnea by reducing the amount of time spent sleeping supine.
Survey of pickup ion signatures in the vicinity of Titan using CAPS/IMS

Pickup ion detection at Titan is challenging because ion cyclotron waves are rarely detected in the vicinity of the moon. In this work, signatures left by freshly produced pickup heavy ions (m/q ∼ 16 to m/q ∼ 28) as detected in the plasma data by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer/Ion Mass Spectrometer (CAPS/IMS) instrument on board Cassini are analyzed. In order to discern whether these correspond to ions of exospheric origin, one of the flybys during which the reported signatures were observed is investigated in detail. For this purpose, ion composition data from time‐of‐flight measurements and test particle simulations to constrain the ions' origin are used. After being validated, the detection method is applied to all the flybys for which the CAPS/IMS instrument gathered valid data, constraining the region around the moon where the signatures are observed. The results reveal an escape region located in the anti‐Saturn direction as expected from the nominal corotation electric field direction. These findings provide new constraints for the area of freshly produced pickup ion escape, giving an approximate escape rate of 3.3−2+3×1023 ions· s−1.
Biomass, growth, and diet of fish in forest lakes affected by alkaline mining water in NW Russia

Waste water from the mining industry has altered the water chemistry of naturally oligotrophic lakes in the Kostomuksha area of NW Russia, resulting in high alkalinity and high concentrations of certain anions. Two such lakes, Poppalijarvi and Kento, and one reference lake, Upper Kuito, were sampled for fish using multimesh gillnets in three successive years, 2000-2002. The total CPUE (g gillnet -1 night -1 ) was 2.5 times higher in the affected lakes than in the reference lake. Perch and roach, the predominant species, grew well in all the lakes presumably due to an abundant supply of high quality macroinvertebrate food in their benthic habitats. The proportion of large piscivorous perch was notably high, especially in Lake Kento, probably as a result of low fishing pressure and the abundance of fish prey. Although detailed studies have revealed differences in the structure and function of fish gills and liver between the affected lakes and the reference lake, the environment in Lake Poppalijarvi and Lake Kento enables fast growth of the fish and promotes the existence of a high fish biomass.
Effect of Long-Term Formalin Preservation on Bending Properties and Fracture Toughness of Bovine Compact Bone

To precisely determine the mechanical properties of a bone, the effects of the preservation method on its mechanical properties need to be minimized. It seems likely that prolonged exposure to formalin (formaldehyde solution) will have some affect the mechanical properties of bone. This study investigated the effect of the formalin fixation method on the bending properties and fracture toughness of bovine cortical bone after short-term and relatively long-term preservation. To determine the elements and the quantities eluted from bone into formalin solution (the preservation medium), qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES). Formalin fixation augments the bending stiffness of the cortical bone while diminishing its fracture toughness. As the bending strength diminishes concurrently with removal of Ca 2þ , this implies that inorganic components of bone contribute to its bending strength.
Electrophoretic deposition of Ba 0.77 Ca 0.23 TiO 3 nanopowders

Ba0.77Ca0. 23TiO3 (BCT23) nanometric powders, synthesized by the modified Pechini method, were used as precursor to produce thick films (50–130m) employing the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. The BCT23 powder presented a single crystalline phase with an average particle size and a crystallite size of ∼60 nm and ∼20 nm, respectively, when calcined at 800 ◦C/2 h. BCT23 thick films were deposited on platinum substrates starting from different suspensions prepared by dispersion of the powder into: isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or a mixture of acetylacetone (Acac) and ethanol (EtOH) (1:1, volumetric ratio). A milling process was used to deagglomerate the powders in order to increase the suspension stability and improving the deposition. Dense and crack free thick films with uniform microstructure were obtained after sintering at 1300 ◦ C/2 h from Acac + EtOH solution.
Dividend Policy and Behavior in Emerging Markets: To Pay or Not to Pay

From the investor's point of view, returns on their investment are split into two parts: capital gains and dividends. In part, corporate management determines the nature of that split when it decides on a corporate dividend policy. In developed countries, the decision between paying dividends and retaining earnings has been taken very seriously by both investors and managements, and has been the subject of considerable research by economists. As a result, a fairly detailed, if incomplete, picture of dividend policy is available for the major developed countries. This paper carries the dividend debate into the emerging markets. It shows that dividend policy in those markets is often very different from the norms that have been accepted in developed countries. One major difference is that emerging market firms place more emphasis on dividend payout ratios than they do on the level of dividends paid. As a result, dividend payments tend to be more volatile in emerging markets than in developed countries, a factor that investors need to be aware of when investing in these markets. Another point that emerges is that, as these markets develop and open to international capital, dividend policy increases in importance, even if it is not altered in character. Managers are more concerned about their dividend policy now than they were in the past. And this concern is augmented by the role of the government in many of these countries, which acts as a protector of both minority shareholders and creditors by imposing constraints on dividend policy.
Clinical Significance of Leukemia Stem Cells Immunophenotype Expression in Patients with Acute Leukemia

Background Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are thought to originate either from normal HSCs or from more differentiated progenitor cells that have acquired malignant features. LSCs possess self-renewal capacity but are relatively quiescent compared to more mature progenitors cells. Objectives To detect LSCs immunophenotype of patients with acute leukemia, and to explore the relationship between the expression of LSCs immunophenotype and the prognosis of acute leukemia. Methods 86 patients with initial acute leukemia were studied. Using flow cytometry, the expression of LSCs immunophenotype (CD34 + /CD38 - /CD96 + , referred to as CD96 + and CD34 + /CD38 - /CD123 + , referred to as CD123 + ) in the patients were detected. Results 29 cases (33.7%) expressed CD96; and 35 cases (40.7%) expressed CD123; Only 48.3% of the patients with CD96 expression acquired CR or PR within two courses of chemotherapy,which was 71.9% in the patients without CD96 expression. Only 51.4% of the patients with CD123 expression acquired CR or PR within two courses of chemotherapy,which was 72.5% in the patients without CD123 expression. The patients with CD96 or CD123 expression had a high rate of hyper- leukocytes and more cases with chromosomal cytogenetics of poor prognosis. The survival rate with CD96 and CD123 expression was shorter. Conclusions Both CD96 and CD123 were markers of LSCs, CD96 might be more specific. Patients with expression of LSCs immunophenotype especially with the expression of CD96 had a lower rate of remission, shorter survival time and poor prognosis. (Mingfeng Zhao, Haibo Zhu, Rajbhandary Sajin, Xia Xiao, Qi Deng. Clinical Significance of Leukemia Stem Cells Immunophenotype Expression in Patients with Acute Leukemia. Life Sci J 2013; 10(2): 2543-2548). (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com 353
Effects of supplementary feeding on the body condition and breeding success of released pheasants

The breeding success of released pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) is poor compared with wild ones in Great Britain. Many factors have been cited as possible causes of poor breeding success, including reduced hen condition in the nesting season. The aims of this study were to determine whether reduced body condition due to an inadequate diet contributes to poor breeding success of released pheasants and to demonstrate experimentally the impact of supplementary feeding on their body condition and breeding success. A series of 6 studies of food availability, diet, body condition and breeding success of pheasants was conducted in Britain between 1994 and 2000 to study these
Theorem on the differentiation of a composite function with a vector argument

The paper provides a theorem on the differentiation of a composite function with a vector argument. The theorem shows how the partial derivative of the total derivative of the composite function can be expressed through the total derivative of the partial derivative of the composite function. The proof of the theorem is based on Mishkov’s formula, which is the generalization of the well-known Faa di Bruno’s formula for a composite function with a vector argument.
Democratization and Civil Liberties: The Role of Violence During the Transition

This paper investigates the role of violent civil conflicts during the process of democratization for the quality of emerging democracies, and in particular, the protection of civil (political and economic) liberties. A simple theory in which different groups may engage in violent conflict in order to become the ruler predicts a crucial role of the democratization scenario. A peaceful democratization leads to democracies with a high degree of civil liberties, reflecting a social contract according to which all groups are politically represented and the rulers deliberately abstain from wasteful rent extraction. A transition to democracy under a violent conflict is less likely to lead to a system with a high degree of civil liberties. Empirical evidence from the third wave of democratization based on a difference-in-difference methodology supports the theoretical predictions. The findings suggest that violent conflicts during the democratic transition have persistent negative effects on the quality of the emerging democracies.
The effect of ginger supplement on oxidative stress induced by overweight extrinsic exertion and overweight

Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 22 overweight female students of were randomly divided into two groups, complementary (n=12) and placebo (n=10). Supplement group took 2 g of ginger supplement powder daily for two weeks. The exercise protocol included two exhaustive eccentric exercises (negative slope on a treadmill, one session before and one session after two weeks of supplementation) with an initial speed of 4 mph and the initial slope of negative 2% percent. To measure levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) Blood samples were taken in 4 stages: before and immediately after training in two periods before and after the ginger consumption. To analyze data, t-test and analysis of covariance with Between-group factor was used.
Effects of some factors on growth of lambs and the determination of growth curve models

he aims were to identify the body weight of the several age groups in Norduz lambs and its correlations between these traits were to determine the best non-linear growth curve models for the growth performance of the Norduz sheep breed. A total of 91 male and female of Norduz lambs were evaluated under extensive system conditions. The least square means for weights at birth and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195 and 210 days of age periods were 4.51±0.56, 9.28±0.25, 11.14±0.29, 14.99±0.37, 18.21±0.43, 22.54±0.54, 22.33±0.25, 23.59±0.54, 25.58±0.55, 28.07±0.58, 29.45±0.60, 29.98±0.84, 32.44±0.61, 32.03±0.59 and 31.45±0.57 kg, respectively. There were differences in favor of lambs of four-year old dams at 15 days of age and also lambs born single at 90 days of age for the body weight. The effect of weight of dam at birth, 30, 45, 60 days of age was significant (P< 0.05-P<0.01) and the birth weight in lambs importantly effected the weights at 15, 30, and 45 days of age. All correlations between the body weights of several age periods were significant as statistical (P<0.01). As for the growth models, distinguished models were compared using the coefficient of determination and mean square error for both sexes. As a result, we concluded that von Bertalanffy model were the best model in comparison with the other models for biological growth curves in Norduz male and female lambs.
Investigating the Link between Climate for Innovation and Diffusion Outcomes in Architecture and Engineering Design Organisations

Innovation is widely recognised as a driving force for a firm's economic growth. Generally, innovation can come to an organisation by means of adoption or generation. Either way, the process of innovation diffusion is involved. Diffusion is a process by which an innovation is disseminated through communication channels among members of a social system over time. In this regard, social influence, in terms of organisational climate, is conceived of as a critical innovation enabler. This paper thus focuses on studying the impacts of a facet-specific climate namely "climate for innovation" on innovation diffusion outcomes in architecture and engineering design (AED) firms. This paper argues that there are three main factors forming climate for innovation: organisation culture, leadership and team climate. Despite the existing literature within the context of construction highlighting the importance of such factors, empirical studies addressing their impacts on firm-level innovation diffusion and business performance are sparse. To overcome this deficiency, a conceptual model was developed to be used for empirical investigation. This paper details the theoretical development of such a model and outlines a research method and plan of future research activities.
APPLICATION OF A GTN DAMAGE MODEL TO PREDICT THE FRACTURE OF METALLIC SHEETS SUBJECTED TO DEEP-DRAWING

In this paper, an anisotropic formulation of the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) damage model is used for simulating the deep-drawing of a rectangular box made from an AA6016-T4 metallic sheet. The model is implemented as a VUMAT routine in the ABAQUS/Explicit finite-element code. The material parameters involved in the constitutive relationships are determined by means of an identification procedure that combines the response surface methodology (RSM) and the simulation of a uniaxial tensile test. In order to assess the predictive performances of the GTN model, different levels of the blank-holding force are assumed in the finite-element analysis of the deep-drawing process. The comparison between the numerical results and experimental data shows not only a good accuracy of the fracture predictions, but also the capability of the GTN model to provide a realistic description of the material response during the whole forming process.
Quantity surveyors perceptions of the role and capability of tertiary education in New Zealand

Although in the past there have been various pathways into the Quantity Surveying profession in New Zealand, the most common route currently is through a Diploma or Degree in Quantity Surveying or Construction Economics. Tertiary courses seek to instil the fundamental skills and knowledge that are needed within the Quantity Surveying profession, which are then developed throughout an individual’s career. However, the adequacy of education for the profession is frequently questioned by practitioners, and there is ongoing debate about the role of tertiary courses and their ability to deliver successful graduates. In order to assess Quantity Surveyors’ perceptions of the role and capability of tertiary education in New Zealand, an online survey was carried out with the support of the New Zealand Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NZIQS). Of the 75 practising QSs who participated in the survey, the majority believed that the role of tertiary education is to focus on the basic technical abilities needed within the Quantity Surveying profession, leaving more advanced skills and knowledge to be developed once graduates are employed in the industry. Overall, respondents considered that existing tertiary courses adequately provide the education needed to start in the Quantity Surveying profession, although a common recurring theme was the need for greater collaboration between tertiary providers, industry and professional institutions to determine what is taught. Views offered regarding the importance of various skills and types of knowledge required were often contradictory, indicating that consensus on the role and function of tertiary education for the profession is not so easily obtained.