Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Journal of Human Sciences / Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi

Public relations practitioners are obliged to facilitate the dialogue between the organization and public. Dialogue plays an important role in sports clubs because the gathering of people from different perspectives and opinions formed by fan groups for a common goal is based on dialogue and tolerance. Public relations theories have important applications for sports clubs to improve their relations with their fan groups. Linking the relational results to the public relations process can contribute to a better understanding of the mission and vision of sports clubs by fan groups and to measure their support. Within the scope of the research, it was aimed to determine the effective strategies necessary for sports clubs to increase the number of fans and their support. In this context, as a result of the research conducted on 176 sports fans, it has been found out that public relations strategies (control mutuality, trust, satisfaction) are the pioneers of fans loyalty. Also, public relations perceptions were found to be a determining factor in supporting behaviors towards sports clubs. Sports fans define their relationship with sports organizations as a communal relationship based on one-sided support rather than an exchange based on mutual benefits. As a result of the research, some suggestions are made for sports clubs to improve the quality of their relations with their supporters’ groups.
ePubWU Institutional Repository

This paper studies the gap in wealth between male and female single households using 2010 Household Finance and Consumption Survey data for eight European countries. In the raw data, a large gap emerges at the upper end of the unconditional distribution. While OLS estimates show no difference in average net wealth levels, quantile regressions at the 95th percentile yield mixed evidence for the gender wealth gap in different specifications. Labour market characteristics and participation in asset and debt categories largely explain the differences between male and female single households. The gender gap in net wealth is driven by gaps in gross wealth and its components, but is attenuated in four countries by gender gaps in (collateralized) debt. In the full specification, the unexplained gap in gross wealth amounts to 27% in Slovakia, 33% in France, 44% in Austria, 45% in Germany, and 48% in Greece. JEL Classifications: D31; J16; E21
Characterising and identifying galaxy protoclusters

We study the characteristics of galaxy protoclusters using the latest L-GALAXIES semi-analytic model. Searching for protoclusters on a scale of ∼10 cMpc gives an excellent compromise between the completeness and purity of their galaxy populations, leads to high distinction from the field in overdensity space, and allows accurate determination of the descendant cluster mass. This scale is valid over a range of redshifts and selection criteria. We present a procedure for estimating, given a measured galaxy overdensity, the protocluster probability and its descendant cluster mass for a range of modelling assumptions, particularly taking into account the shape of the measurement aperture. This procedure produces lower protocluster probabilities compared to previous estimates using fixed size apertures. The relationship between active galactic nucleus (AGN) and protoclusters is also investigated and shows significant evolution with redshift; at z ∼ 2, the fraction of protoclusters traced by AGN is high, but the fraction of all AGNs in protoclusters is low, whereas atz ≥ 5 the fraction of protoclusters containing AGN is low, but most AGNs are in protoclusters. We also find indirect evidence for the emergence of a passive sequence in protoclusters at z ∼ 2, and note that a significant fraction of all galaxies reside in protoclusters at z ≥ 2, particularly the most massive.
Effect of uniaxial stress on the large-signal electromechanical properties of electrostrictive and piezoelectric lead magnesium niobate lead titanate ceramics

The electromechanical performance characteristics of electrostrictive 0.9 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.1 PbTiO3 and piezoelectric 0.7 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.3 PbTiO3 ceramics have been investigated under uniaxial stress (σ). The results demonstrate that the large-signal electromechanical properties of electrostrictive ceramics are decreased with increasing σ, whereas those of the piezoelectric are increased but accompanied by significantly increased hysteretic losses.
The covariance structure of conditional maximum likelihood estimates

In this paper we consider conditional maximum likelihood (cml) estimates for item parameters in the Rasch model under random subject parameters. We give a simple approximation for the asymptotic covariance matrix of the cml-estimates. The approximation is stated as a limit theorem when the number of item parameters goes to infinity. The results contain precise mathematical information on the order of approximation. The results enable the analysis of the covariance structure of cml-estimates when the number of items is large. Let us give a rough picture. The covariance matrix has a dominating main diagonal containing the asymptotic variances of the estimators. These variances are almost equal to the efficient variances under ml-estimation when the distribution of the subject parameter is known. Apart from very small numbers n of item parameters the variances are almost not affected by the number n. The covariances are more or less negligible when the number of item parameters is large. Although this picture intuitively is not surprising it has to be established in precise mathematical terms. This has been done in the present paper. The paper is based on previous results [5] of the author concerning conditional distributions of non-identical replications of Bernoulli trials. The mathematical background are Edgeworth expansions for the central limit theorem. These previous results are the basis of approximations for the Fisher information matrices of cmlestimates. The main results of the present paper are concerned with the approximation of the covariance matrices. Numerical illustrations of the results and numerical experiments based on the results are presented in Strasser, [6]. ∗Institute for Statistics and Mathematics, WU, Vienna
How Arithmetic Generates the Logic of Quantum Experiments

As opposed to the classical logic of true and false, viewed as an axiomatised theory, ordinary arithmetic conveys the three logical values: provable, negatable and logically independent. This research proposes the hypothesis that Axioms of Arithmetic are the fundamental foundation running arithmetical processes in Nature, upon which physical processes rest. And goes on to show, in detail, that under these axioms, quantum mathematics derives and initiates logical independence, agreeing with indeterminacy in quantum experiments. Supporting arguments begin by explaining logical independence in arithmetic, in particular, independence of the square root of minus one. The method traces all sources of information entering arithmetic, needed to write mathematics of the free particle. Wave packets, prior to measurement, are found to be the only part of theory logically independent of axioms; the rest of theory is logically dependent. Ingress of logical independence is via uncaused, unprevented self-reference, sustaining the wave packet, but implying unitarity. Quantum mathematics based on axiomatised arithmetic is established as foundation for the 3-valued logic of Hans Reichenbach, which reconciles quantum theory with experimental anomalies such as the Einstein, Podolsky & Rosen paradox.
Setting the Stage for Cosmic Chronometers. I. Assessing the Impact of Young Stellar Populations on Hubble Parameter Measurements

The expansion history of the universe can be constrained in a cosmology-independent way by measuring the differential age evolution of cosmic chronometers. This yields a measurement of the Hubble parameter H(z) as a function of redshift. The most reliable cosmic chronometers known so far are extremely massive and passively evolving galaxies. Age-dating these galaxies is, however, a difficult task, and even a small contribution of an underlying young stellar population could, in principle, affect the age estimate and its cosmological interpretation. We present several spectral indicators to detect, quantify, and constrain such contamination in old galaxies and study how their combination can be used to maximize the purity of cosmic chronometers selection. In particular, we analyze the Ca ii H/K ratio, the presence (or absence) of Hα and [O ii] emission lines, higher-order Balmer absorption lines, and UV flux; each indicator is especially sensitive to a particular age range, allowing us to detect young components ranging between 10 Myr and 1 Gyr. The combination of these indicators minimizes the contamination to a level below 1% in the case of ideal data. More importantly, it offers a way to control the systematic error on H(z) as a function of the contamination by young stellar populations. We show that for our previous measurements of the Hubble parameter, the possible bias induced by the presence of a younger component is well below the current errors. We envision that these indicators will be instrumental in paving the road for a robust and reliable dating of the old population and its cosmological interpretation.
ASPECTS REGARDING THE IMMUNITY OF THE LABORATORY MOUSE AFTER CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF " IMUNITATE CU 7 CIUPERCI"

Natural products are used to prevent and treat large series of affections because of their curative and immunity stimulating proprieties. The study herein focused on the effects of natural product „Imunitate cu 7 ciuperci” produced by Fares Romania, on the immunity of laboratory mice. After a chronic administration of this product for three months, the weight of all animals was determined: for the blood collected from the control group and the experimental group, the total number of leucocytes/mm³ was determined, and, on blood smears, so was the leukocyte formula. After sampling and staining, the blood smears ware examined with the optical microscope; on the blood smears was determined the number of figurative elements of blood: lymphocytes, neutrophiles, eosinophiles, monocytes and basophiles. Weight control data showed that the product does not induce weight gain. Data processing does not evidence significant differences in the total number of leucocytes/mm³ between the two mice groups; as about the leukocyte types, significant differences were found only in the case of eosinophyles. These results do not plead for an immunity stimulating effect on the laboratory mice, which means that more tests are necessary.
The Performance of a Hybrid Rocket With Swirling GOx Injection

Abstract : With the developed HTPB curing process a 10-Kg thrust hybrid rocket was built and passed several static firing tests here in ASTRC. The motor was designed similar to the classical one with an aft-mixing chamber. The purpose of preset study is then to develop the enhancement mechanism for oxidizer and fuel vapor mixing and flame holding to assess the necessity of aft-mixing chamber that is usually employed in a classical hybrid rocket design.
Who are the big spenders at a motorcycle event

Africa Bike Week, considered South Africa’s premier biking event, attracts large numbers of bikers, especially Harley-Davidson bikers, and bike enthusiasts from across the country. This study investigated these visitors and their spending behaviour. As background to the study, we provide a broad survey of the literature on socio-demographic and behavioural determinants of spending. Motorcycle tourism has received international research attention, especially in the US, but to date has been neglected in South Africa. Our study helps to fill this gap, particularly as regards biker and spectator characteristics. We found that more behavioural than socio-demographic variables influenced spending at this event. Visitors’ motorcycle behaviour and group composition had a significant effect on higher spending. The analysis identified three new determinants of spending: the travel motives lifestyle, event attractiveness and event novelty. Event organisers can use this information to increase spending and enhance the economic impact of motorcycle tourism in South Africa.
Observations on DeCecio and Nelson "An Estimated DSGE Model for the United Kingdom"

The paper by DeCecio and Nelson (DCN) considers the estimation of the parameters of a DSGE model for the U.K. that is virtually the same as that which Christiano, Eichenbaum and Evans (CEE) estimated for the US. The CEE model is much larger than existing academic DSGE models of the U.K. such as Lubik and Schorfheide (2005). It is not as large as the BEQM model of the Bank of England which has both DSGE elements and data imposed dynamics, although, as the latter is to be used for policy, there is a much greater imperative to match the data than found in most academic work. There are a few other DSGE models that have been applied to the UK e.g. Leitemo (2006) but, in general, these are often used to examine some particular question and are also rather restricted in their mode of operation. Often they use a standard open-economy New Keynesian model rather than a straight DSGE model like CEE. Moreover, the authors are often not that familiar with the UK context and data, whereas the current authors are experts in this area, and it certainly shows in their discussion of alternative data sources. So, given the paucity of studies, any new one would be welcome. Now as the Chinese proverb says a journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step. What we have here is more than single step but well short of a thousand miles. Reading it one longed for a fully eshed-out model along the lines of Smets and Wouterswork on the US and the Euro area ( which is very
Relationship between the weight of reindeer calves in autumn and their mother's age and weight in the previous spring

Age and weight in dams aged less than 5 years old together explain 29% of variation in calves' weight in autumn. Each alone explains 22%. In dams aged 5 to 12 years, weight alone explains 22% while age alone explains only 0.4%. Weight followed by age does not significantly improve the fit in these. The implication of this regarding selection strategy is that the aim should be to ensure that the female populationof a herd should include that smallest possible proportion of 1 to 4 year olds. This age structure can be achieved by slaughtering as many calves (0.5 yr) and young females (1.5 yr) as possible. The lifespan of female recruits and the mean age of the female population of the herd are thus increased. This will also result in an increase in the mean weight of the female population, given that animals aged 5 to 10 years are heavier than 2 to 4 years olds. Reinkalvenes hostvekt relatert til modrenes varvekt og alder. Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: For modre yngre enn 5 ar forklarer vekten og alderen sammen 29% av variasjonen i kalvenes hostvekt. Alene forklarer hver 22%. Fra 5 til 12 ar forklarer vekten alene 19% mens alderen alene bare forklarer 0,4%. Her gir alder etter vekt ikke signifikant tillegg til forklaringen. For utvalgsstrategien har dette som konsekvns at aldersklassene ett til fire ar skal utgjore en minst mulig andel av hunndyrflokken samlet. Denne aldersstrukturen nar man ved a konsentrere hovedslakteuttaket til kalve- og ungsimleargangene (= 1/2 og 1 1/2 ar). Omlopstiden forlenges og gjennomsnittsalderen heves derved innen simleflokken. Ved at aldersklassene mellom fem og ti ar er tyngre enn aldersklassene to til fire ar, leder dette ogsa til en hevning av gjennomsnittsvekten innen simleflokken. Poronvasojen syksypainon riippuvuus ema n kevat-painosta ja iasta. Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Alle 5-vuotiaiden vaatimien paino ja ika yhdessa selittavat 29% vasan syksypainon vaihtelusta. Kumpikin selittaa erikseen 22%. 5-12 vuoden ikaisilla vaatimilla paino selittaa yksistaan 19%, mutta ika vain 0,4%. Ian riippuvuus painosta ei selittanyt tata merkisevasti. Valinnan kannalta on tarkeaa, etta lau-massa om pienin mahdollinen maara 1-4 - vuotiaita naarasporoja tama ikajakautuma saavutetaan teuresta-malla syksylla mahdollisimman paljon vasoja (0,5 - vuotiaita) ja nuoria naaraita 1,5 - vuotiaita). Naaraiden elinika pitenee ja keski-ika laumassa kasvaa. Tama lisaa myos naaraiden keskipainoa, silla 5-10 vuotiaat naaraat ovat painavampia kuin 2-4 - vuoitaat.
Optomechanical self-structuring in cold atomic gases

The rapidly developing field of optomechanics aims at the combined control of optical and mechanical (solid-state or atomic) modes. In particular, laser cooled atoms have been used to exploit optomechanical coupling for self-organization in a variety of schemes where the accessible length scales are constrained by a combination of pump modes and those associated to a second imposed axis, typically a cavity axis. Here, we consider a system with many spatial degrees of freedom around a single distinguished axis, in which two symmetries - rotations and translations in the plane orthogonal to the pump axis - are spontaneously broken. We observe the simultaneous spatial structuring of the density of a cold atomic cloud and an optical pump beam. The resulting patterns have hexagonal symmetry. The experiment demonstrates the manipulation of matter by opto-mechanical self-assembly with adjustable length scales and can be potentially extended to quantum degenerate gases.
The Influences of Hedonic and Experiential Marketing on Consumer Perceptions of Quality and Value: An Evaluation of Internet Website Appeals

Both thinking and feeling decision making modes that are conceived as independent systems are involved in this article and are examined for website consumption. Specifically, this article attempted to develop a comprehensive model to identify the interrelationship among hedonic and utilitarian website characteristics, consumer's experiential and cognitive perceptions, perceived experiential value and quality, and purchasing intention. This article picks up 40 websites which include 20 cosmetics and 20 hotel websites. Participants were randomly assigned to link and read one of the 40 websites, and then were asked to fill in a questionnaire on Internet. Finally, 422 usable questionnaires were collected, 224 from cosmetics and 198 from hotel Websites. In order to assess the hypothesized relationships, the structural equation model (SEM) was employed using AMOS 4.0 to investigate the relationship among research variables. Additionally, cluster analysis by K-means method was adopted to divide the participants into four groups based on two levels of utilitarian website environment and two levels of hedonic website environment. ANOVA was used to evaluate the differences on each research variables among these four groups. According to the results of SEM, it is suggested that the level of hedonic characteristics of website significantly and positively impacts experiential perception and experiential value, and the level of experiential perception also significantly influences on experiential value. On the other hand, website with utilitarian characteristics will impact a customer's cognitive perception toward websites/products, which in turn influences the perception of website/product quality. In addition, perceived quality was also significantly related to experiential value. Purchasing intention was influenced by experiential value and perceived quality. According to the results of ANOVA, respondents perceiving high utilitarian/high hedonic websites tend to perceive significant higher scores on experiential perceptions, cognitive perception, experiential value, and perceived quality, than respondents perceiving low utilitarian/low hedonic websites. Respondents perceiving high utilitarian/low hedonic website environment tend to perceive significantly higher scores only on cognitive perception and perceived quality.
Inflation constraints for classes of f(R) models

In this paper, we explore the equivalence between two theories, namely [Formula: see text] and scalar–tensor theories of gravity. We use this equivalence to explore several [Formula: see text] toy models focusing on the inflation epoch of the early universe. The study is done based on the definition of the scalar field in terms of the first derivative of [Formula: see text] model. We have applied the slow-roll approximations during inflationary parameters consideration. The comparison of the numerically computed inflationary parameters with the observations is done. We have inspected that some of the [Formula: see text] models produce numerical values of [Formula: see text] that are in the same range as the suggested values from observations. But for the case of the tensor-to-scalar ratio [Formula: see text], we realized that some of the considered [Formula: see text] models suffer to produce a value which is in agreement with the observed values for different considered space parameter.
This School's Gone Downhill: Racial Change and Perceived School Quality among Whites

Racial segregation in schools and neighborhoods in the United States is stark and persistent. The results of this research provide clues as to why it may be so enduring. We find that as predominantly white schools in the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area experience increases in black representation of up to seven percentage points during a four- to five-year period, white neighborhood residents are more likely to perceive that the quality of their schools has declined, despite the current conditions of the schools and in spite of changes in school characteristics. Our results are more consistent with racial threat theory than contact theory because they suggest that white residents may initially be threatened by racial change and judge declining school quality according to the racial change itself. As a consequence, white families may flee these integrating schools and neighborhoods, further contributing to school and neighborhood segregation.
The link between monetary policy and banks lending behaviour: The ghanaian case

Purpose – The study examines whether bank lending is constrained by monetary policy in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach –The study uses panel cross sectional data covering the period from 1998 to 2004 from the database of Bank of Ghana, ISSER and International Financial Statistics of IMF. The bank loan is represented by freely allocated bank loan which is presumably more sensitive to changes in monetary policy. Changes in money supply and central bank’ prime rate is a proxy of monetary policy. Findings – The study reveals that Ghanaian banks lending behaviours are affected significantly by the country’s economic activities and changes in money supply. The results of this study also support previous studies that the central bank’s prime rate and inflation rate negatively but statistically insignificantly affect banks lending. With the firm level characteristics, the study reveals that bank size and liquidity significantly influence banks’ ability to extend credit when demanded. Originality/value – The main value of this study is the identification of the monetary policy factors that influence bank lending behaviour in Ghana.