Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An approximate carrier-based compact model for fully depleted surrounding-gate MOSFETs with a finite doping body

An approximate carrier-based compact model for surrounding-gate MOSFETs with a finite doping body is developed in this paper. Starting from Poisson's equation, the dopant effect is considered approximately by a superposition principle. The analytic surface potential is compared with 3D device simulation and the error is also demonstrated for different body doping. An analytic current–voltage model is derived from the Pao–Sah current equation under the gradual channel approximation and model predictions are verified by the 3D simulation results of the fully depleted SRG MOSFET devices for finite body doping concentration up to 1017 cm−3 with accepted error less 10%.
The formation site of noninterfacial misfit dislocations in InAs/GaAs quantum dots

Taking elastic anisotropy into consideration, we use a dislocation position dependent model to calculate the preferential formation site of noninterfacial 60° mixed dislocation segment in ellipsoid shaped InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) which is observed in the experiment. From the result, it is clear that the positions near the right edge of the quantum dot are the energy favorable areas for the noninterfacial 60° mixed dislocations.
From planetesimals to planets: volatile molecules

Context. Solar and extrasolar planets are the subject of numerous studies aiming to determine their chemical composition and internal structure. In the case of extrasolar planets, the composition is important as it partly governs their potential habitability. Moreover, observational determination of chemical composition of planetary atmospheres are becoming available, especially for transiting planets. Aims. The present works aims at determining the chemical composition of planets formed in stellar systems of solar chemical composition. The main objective of this work is to provide valuable theoretical data for models of planet formation and evolution, and future interpretation of chemical composition of solar and extrasolar planets. Methods. We have developed a model that computes the composition of ices in planets in different stellar systems with the use of models of ice and planetary formation. Results. We provide the chemical composition, ice/rock mass ratio and C:O molar ratio for planets in stellar systems of solar chemical composition. From an initial homogeneous composition of the nebula, we produce a wide variety of planetary chemical compositions as a function of the mass of the disk and distance to the star. The volatile species incorporated in planets are mainly composed of H2O, CO, CO2, CH3OH, and NH3. Icy or ocean planets have systematically higher values of molecular abundances compared to giant and rocky planets. Gas giant planets are depleted in highly volatile molecules such as CH4, CO, and N2 compared to icy or ocean planets. The ice/rock mass ratio in icy or ocean and gas giant planets is, respectively, equal at maximum to 1.01 ± 0.33 and 0.8 ± 0.5, and is different from the usual assumptions made in planet formation models, which suggested this ratio to be 2–3. The C:O molar ratio in the atmosphere of gas giant planets is depleted by at least 30% compared to solar value.
An Efficient Meta Heuristic Algorithm to Solve Economic Load Dispatch Problems

The Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) problems in power generation systems are to reduce the fuel cost by reducing the total cost for the generation of electric power. This paper presents an efficient Modified Firefly Algorithm (MFA), for solving ELD Problem. The main objective of the problems is to minimize the total fuel cost of the generating units having quadratic cost functions subjected to limits on generator true power output and transmission losses. The MFA is a stochastic, Meta heuristic approach based on the idealized behaviour of the flashing characteristics of fireflies. This paper presents an application of MFA to ELD for 3,6,13 and 15 generator test case systems. MFA is applied to ELD problem and compared its solution quality and computation efficiency to Genetic Algorithm (GA), Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Artificial Bee Colony optimization (ABC), Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO), Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO), Firefly Algorithm (FA) techniques. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms previous optimization methods.
Diallel analysis of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) disease, earliness, yield and fiber traits under CLCuV infestation in upland cotton

Genetic effects of CLCuV, earliness, yield, and lint traits were studied in a 6 6 F1 and F2 diallel populations of upland cotton. Hayman and Mather's genetic model (D and H) was used to determine the genetic mechanism and mode of inheritance for selected variables. The breeding material comprised one CLCuV tolerant (CIM-1100) and five CLCuV susceptible cotton cultivars (CIM-109, CIM-240, CIM-1100, FH-682, BH-36, CRIS-9), crossed in a 6 6 diallel fashion to generate thirty F1 hybrids. An additive-dominance model was adequate for lint %, CLCuV resistant and affected plants, and partially adequate for bolls plant-1 and yield in both generations. However, the data were adequate for lint index and earliness in F1 and F2 populations, respectively, and partially fit in their respective generations. Additive effects controlled all the traits except bolls plant-1 and yield that proscribed non-additively in both generations. Most of the traits showed an unequal proportion of positive (U) and negative (V) alleles in the loci (H2 < H1) and an asymmetrical distribution of genes in the parental cultivars (H2/4H1 < 0.25). Dominance effects suggested that substantial contribution of dominance was not due to heterogeneity of the loci in these parameters. Broad and narrow sense heritabilities were high for most of the traits. Dominant genes in CIM-1100 were reliable for increased CLCuV resistance, and its F1 and F2 progenies had the best performance for majority of traits. The CIM-1100 F2 populations revealed a ratio of 3:1 (CLCuV resistant:diseased plants) due to monogenic dominant nature of CLCuV resistance.
BAY 61-3606, CDKi, and Sodium Butyrate Treatments Modulate p53 Protein Level and Its Site-Specific Phosphorylation in Human Vestibular Schwannomas In Vitro

This study is done to evaluate the effect of spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BAY 61-3606), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKi), and sodium butyrate (Na-Bu) on the level and phosphorylation of p53 protein and its binding to murine double minute 2 (MDM2) homologue in human vestibular schwannomas (VS). Primary cultures of the tumor tissues were treated individually with optimum concentrations of these small molecules in vitro. The results indicate modulation of p53 protein status and its binding ability to MDM2 in treated samples as compared to the untreated control. The three individual treatments reduced the level of total p53 protein. These treatments also decreased Ser392 and Ser15 phosphorylated p53 in tumor samples of young patients and Ser315 phosphorylated p53 in old patients. Basal level of Thr55 phosphorylated p53 protein was present in all VS samples and it remained unchanged after treatments. The p53 protein from untreated VS samples showed reduced affinity to MDM2 binding in vitro and it increased significantly after treatments. The MDM2/p53 ratio increased approximately 3-fold in the treated VS tumor samples as compared to the control. The differential p53 protein phosphorylation status perhaps could play an important role in VS tumor cell death due to these treatments that we reported previously.
Four Models of the Fourth Estate: A Typology of Contemporary Chinese Journalists*

Abstract Scholarly attention has not kept pace with the rapid changes in the professional role of Chinese journalists. Instead, two older views prevail. The first, which sees Chinese journalists as “mouthpieces” of the Communist Party unchanged from the Maoist era, downplays the tremendous changes in the media since 1978. The second view, holding that they are increasingly becoming “American-style professionals,” overstates the influence of international media norms on Chinese news workers' day-to-day reality. While such communist and American-style professionals do exist in contemporary China, both are far less influential and numerous than stereotypes would suggest. Exclusive scholarly focus on these groups ignores two other more numerous and influential orientations: “advocate professionals,” those who write to influence opinion and policy, and “workaday journalists,” who work mainly for money and lack a commitment to public service. This article delineates all four types of Chinese journalist and explains why an understanding of the latter two professional orientations is critical to understanding China's media, politics and society.
Performance Optimization of Centrifugal Pump for Crude Oil Delivery

Crude oil transport is an essential task in oil and gas industries, where centrifugal pumps are extensively used. The design of a centrifugal pump involves a number of independent parameters which affect the pump performance. Altering some of the parameters within a realistic range improves pump performance and saves a significant amount of energy. The present research investigated the pump characteristics by modifying the number of blades and the exit blade-angles. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with standard k - e two-equation turbulence closure were used for steady and incompressible flow of crude oil through the pump. The experimental set-up was installed and the pump performance calculated numerically was compared with the experiments. The investigations showed that the number of blades and the exit blade-angles have a significant influence on the head, shaft power, and efficiency. The vortical flow structures, recirculation and reverse flow characteristics around the impeller were investigated to explain the flow dynamics of impeller and casing. A larger number of blades on the rotor showed dominant streamlined flow without any wake phenomena. The combined effect of the number of blades and exit blade angle has led to an increase in head and efficiency through the parametric optimization.
Further examination of the 1/N portfolio rule: a comparison against Sharpe-optimal portfolios under varying constraints

Practical trading constraints (such as asset bounds and transaction costs) are known to affect the efficient frontier of an investment portfolio. In this study, we investigate out-of-sample trading performances of tangency portfolios against the naïve 1/N policy under varying constraints. Our aim is to deliberate if such constraints are influential to the relative (individual) performances between (of) the two competing strategies. Using FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI constituent stocks of 30 companies listed, we form several portfolios with different Ns and constraint specifications. Sample period spans 2006 through 2015, in order to alleviate possible confounding affects on risk/return dynamics caused by the 1MDB financial scandal and the U.S. Federal Reserve increasing its key interest rate starting from December 2015. Performance metrics exhibit sensitivity of portfolios to the degree (variability) of constraints, specifically floor, ceiling and the consideration of trading cost. Among other valuable findings, it has been found out that in all the cases researched the simple 1/N portfolio selection rule offers superior outcome as compared to the tangency portfolios. Generally stated, the naïve policy outperforms the more sophisticated portfolio optimization model in terms of the Sharpe criterion, information ratio and maximum drawdown during the period under investigation. Relative performances remain consistent regardless of the number of stocks included in the portfolio.
A NUMERICAL STUDY OF CHAMBER SIZE AND BOUNDARY EFFECTS ON CPT TIP RESISTANCE IN NC SAND

A numerical modeling procedure was used to quantify calibration chamber size and boundary e ects for cone penetration testing in sand. In the numerical analyses, chamber diameter and boundary conditions were varied to investigate the e ects of chamber size and boundary conditions on cone tip resistance. These analyses show that, for loose sand, a chamber-tocone diameter ratio of 33 is sucient for the boundaries to have no in uence on the cone tip measurements. However, for very dense sand, the numerical analyses show that the chamberto- cone diameter ratio should be more than 100 to ensure that boundaries have no in uence on cone tip measurements. Numerical analysis indicates that, not only the sand relative density but its stress state is also a signi cant factor in in uencing the chamber size e ects. The results of the numerical analyses were compared to existing empirically based relationships. Suggestions are provided to reduce the e ects of chamber size and boundaries on cone tip resistance measurements in sand.
On the use of the total scalar potential on the numerical solution of fields problems in electromagnetics

SUMMARY The paper summarizes the formulation of a set of computer algorithms for the solution of the three-dimensional non-linear Poisson field problem. Results are presented that were obtained by applying algorithms to the analysis of two-dimensional magnetostatic fields. Scalar and vector potentials were used, and it is shown that the convenient single valued scalar potential associated with the induced sources gives severe accuracy problems in permeable regions. The results become as good as those obtained using vector potential if the scalar potential associated with the total field is used for permeable regions. The combination of two scalar potentials has a significant advantage for three-dimensional problems. The non-linear Poisson equation occurs in many areas of physics and engineering. The equation is relatively easy to solve compared to other defining equations, but for many applications the solutions must be very accurate. In magnetostatic problems, for example, the geometry of boundaries and surfaces separating differing media is often complicated and field accuracies of the order of 0.1 per cent and higher are essential. These conditions are frequently encountered in the wide range of electromagnets associated with the design of charged particle accelerators, spectrometers, detectors, focusing devices and plasma containment experiments used in physics and also in the broad spectrum of machines, transformers, etc. used in electrical engineering. Although the methods discussed in this paper are of general applicability they are looked at with particular reference to electromagnetics. Both differential and integral operator formulations have been used to solve the magnetostatic problem. Many well established programs solve the two-dimensional cases using differential formulations based directly on the defining equation usually in terms of the single component vector potentiaI. 1 - 3 These programs are capable of giving high accuracy although the position of the far field boundary can have a significant effect on the results. This latter difficulty has been overcome at the expense of increased computational cost by solving the integral form of the equations in terms of field components directly. An added advantage of this approach is that only regions containing material media (e.g., iron) are discretised. This is very useful in extending to three dimensions where the need to have a mesh of elements connecting many different regions of complex shape is seen as a limitation of the differential approach. This difficulty is avoided in programs based on integral formulations 4-6 and at the present time these provide a general technique for solving non-linear three-dimensional magnetostatic problems providing high accuracy is not required.
Study the Effect of adding PVA on Some Physical Properties of CMC Polymer as aqueous solutions

Some of physical properties of Carboxy methyl cellulose dissolves in distilled water had been studied at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% ,0.5 ,%,0.6 %,0.7% and 0.8%) gm. /ml) before and after adding (0.5, 1 ,1.5 ) gm. of PVA for all concentrations, the Rheological properties such as shear, relative reduced and Specific Viscosity are measured; the mechanical properties such as ultrasonic velocity had been measured by ultrasonic waves system at frequency 45 KHz, other mechanical properties had been calculated such as absorption coefficient of ultrasonic waves, relaxation time, relaxation amplitude, specific acoustic impedance, compressibility and bulk modules. The results show that all these properties are increasing with the increase of the polymer concentration except compressibility is decreasing with increase the concentration; results show that when adding PVA these properties are increasing except viscosity, Relaxation time and compressibility are decreasing. Results also shows that adding PVA polymer to CMC enhances the ultrasonic absorption coefficient as a result of high values after addition. Keywords: CMC solution, PVA solution, mechanical properties, rheological properties, ultrasound technique.
Unraveling the Genetic Diversity of Maize Downy Mildew in Indonesia

Varying effectiveness of metalaxyl fungicides and disease incidences caused by downy mildew to maize in several places in Indonesia led to the speculation that genetic variation of Peronosclerospora species in Indonesia exists. Hence, we employed two molecular marker systems, namely SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) and ARDRA (Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis) markers, to study the population structure and genetic diversity of downy mildew isolates collected from hotspot production areas of maize in Indonesia. Both molecular techniques grouped the isolates into three clusters with a genetic similarity between 66-98% and 58-100% for SSR and ARDRA markers, respectively. In general, SSRs yielded lower similarities among isolates compared to ARDRA. Combined analysis of data from both techniques resulted in genetic similarities of 64-98% for 31 downy mildew isolates grouped into three clusters, two clusters of Java, and one cluster of Lampung and Gorontalo isolates. This study demonstrates a close relationship between geographical location and genetic similarity of downy mildew isolates. High levels of diversity of Peronosclerospora spp. in Java could be due to two causes, due to genetic variation within P. maydis, or due to presence of further mildew species besides P. maydis in Java, which are able to infect maize. Results obtained from this research provides a good explanation for frequent breakdown of resistance in downy mildew-resistant cultivars and is essential for devising more effective strategies to reduce the impact of downy mildew in maize.
Allelopathic Studies on Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)

Declining crop yield due to weeds and their resistance to herbicides are major constraint for successful crop productions. Milk thistle ( Silybum marianum ) is common weed species in Australian cropping rotation. Allelopathic potentiality of milk thistle on different crops has been documented sporadically, but there is no literature on about ryegrass and canola. Therefore, a laboratory based allelopathic extracts bioassay was conducted. The hot water extracts was prepared from milk thistle plant parts added into water with ration of 1: 10 (plant sample: distilled water) where mixture was heated 10 minutes. After heat treatment samples was immediately sieved and centrifuged and the resulted solution was treated as 100% concentration. Separately, to get the fresh water extract plant sample was added into water (1:10) and kept 24 hours in room temperature. After 24 hours, the sample was sieved and centrifuged and collected samples result was treated 100% concentrations. To obtain 50% concentration, both hot and fresh samples were diluted with distilled water. Therefore the experiment was conducted with five different treatment concentrations (0, 50% hot water extracts, 50% fresh water extracts, 100% hot water extracts and 100% fresh water extracts). The experiment was comprised with RCBD design with three replications under control conditions. During experimental period the allelopathic effects of donor species on germination and seedling growth of ryegrass and canola was observed. Results shows, germination and seedling growth of both receiver species are inhibited by milk thistle extracts. Extracts from fresh water at 100% was more toxic to receiver species followed by 50% concentration of fresh and 100% from hot water extracts. This concentration reduced the root, shoot growth of ryegrass and canola 84.971%, 84.269% and 89.898%, 87.394%, respectively. The result also revealed that allelopathic pattern of hot water extracts was same however; it is less toxic to both receiver species. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i1. 14007 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 2 (1): 62-67, June, 2012
RESPONSES OF PROLINE, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYMES IN TWO VARIETIES OF PISUM SATIVUM L. UNDER SALT STRESS

The possible involvement of activated oxygen species in the mechanism of damage by NaCl stress was studied in leaves of two varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv. EC 33866 and Puget. The level of lipid peroxidation, enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), dihydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, 1.8.5.1) were studied. High chlorophyll stability was observed in EC 33866 varieties than Puget. Significant accumulation in the levels of Na + and Cl - was observed in Puget as the concentration of salt increased. Decrease in levels of K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ was recorded in both varieties but Puget showed more decrease as compared to EC 33866. Salt stress increased the rate of lipid peroxidation in both the varieties of pea but more decrease was observed in Puget. Salt stress induced significant increase in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. The SOD and APX increased in both varieties at all concentrations but the increase was more in EC 33866 variety than Puget. GR and DHAR were increased in both the varieties at 150 mM NaCl, however at 200 mM NaCl decline was observed. Decline of DHAR and GR was more pronounced in Puget as compared to the EC 33866 variety.
Simulation-Based Optimal Portfolio Selection Strategy—Evidence from Asian Markets

Recently portfolio optimization has become widely popular in risk management, and the common practice is to use mean-variance or Value-at-Risk (VaR), despite the VaR being incoherent risk measure because of the lack of subadditivity. This has led to the emergence of the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) approach, consequently, a gradual development of mean-CVaR portfolio optimization. To seek an optimal portfolio selection strategy and increase the robustness of the result, the paper studies the performance of portfolio optimization in Asian markets using a Monte-Carlo simulation tool, creates a variety of randomly selected portfolios that consists of Asian ADRs listed in NYSE from 2011 to 2016, and applies both optimization frameworks with different skewed fat-tailed distributions, including the Generalized Hyperbolic (GH) and skewed-T distribution. The main result shows that the Generalized Hyperbolic distribution produces the lowest risk under a given rate of return, while the skewed-T distribution creates a diversification allocation outcome similar to that of historical simulation.