Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Essays on Human Capital and Executive Compensation

The contemporary executive career looks different from the “company man” era of post World War II. At that time, executives rose almost exclusively within a single firm, learning the business over many loyal years of service. Since the 1970s, firms have progressively relied more on external markets for filling its leadership ranks. As a result, the value of executives has become increasingly defined by capabilities portable across organizational settings. External markets have less information about executive abilities compared to incumbent employers, which strengthens the influence of externally observable signals of quality on executive career opportunities and compensation. Across three studies, this dissertation empirically explores how external markets value executive human capital attributes. In particular, this work focuses on how external markets differ from incumbent employers and explores implications for executives building their careers across multiple organizations.
Pupils’ views on school work and school from 7 to 16 years

ABSTRACT In this paper results are reported from a longitudinal study of the same pupils’ perspectives on school and school work from 7 to 16 years. It reports on changes and stability over time in pupil views, ethnic and sex differences, and associations between pupil views and their school attainments. Pupils were from inner‐city, largely working‐class, areas. The sample comprised British black (of Afro‐Caribbean origin) and white pupils. They were interviewed at 7, 11 and 16 years (n = 133, 175, 108, respectively). Topics covered included general attitudes on the value of and interest in school, maths and reading/English, and keeping up with and understanding school work. There was little support for strong claims about growing disaffection toward school. Pupils explained their academic progress largely in terms of internal factors over which they had control, such as effort. There was an ethnic difference at 16 years with white pupils less positive than black children about school and their own attain.
Use of Expandable Metallic Biliary Stents in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer

AIM:To compare the efficacy of metal versus plastic stents for biliary strictures in patients with surgically resectable pancreatic cancer.METHODS:The medical records at MD Anderson Caner Center from September 2001 to May 2004 were reviewed. Fifty-five patients were identified to have either a metal biliary stent (13 patients, group A) or a plastic biliary stent (42 patients, group B) and subsequently went to surgery. These two groups were compared with regards to number of stents placed prior to surgery, time period between the last stent and surgery, and operative and postoperative complications.RESULTS:Of the 13 patients in group A, 12 had pancreaticoduodenectomy performed and one had exploration only due to the peritoneal metastatses discovered at the time of surgery. Of the 12 patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy, 10 had pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 1 intraductal papillary mucinous tumor, and 1 ampullary cancer. Only 2 patients required an additional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after initial metal stent placement until surgery. The average time between last stent placement and surgery was 106.5 days. Of the 42 patients in group B, 35 had pancreaticoduodenectomy and 7 had either palliative surgery or exploration due to metastatic diseases discovered at the time of surgery. Of the 35 patients, 27 had pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 5 ampullary cancer, 1 neuroendocrine tumor, 1 microcystic adenoma, and 1 autoimmune pancreatitis. Sixteen patients (38%) in group B required 3 or more ERCPs with plastic stents prior to surgery. The average time between last stent placement and surgery was 56.4 days. Preoperative chemoradiation was given to all 13 patients in group A and 31 of 42 patients in group B. There were no stent-related intra- or postoperative complications in both groups. Two of 13 patients (15%) with metal stents versus 39 of 42 patients (93%) with plastic stents, however, developed either cholangitis or cholestasis due to stent occlusion while waiting for surgery.CONCLUSIONS:Contrary to the belief that metal stents are contraindicated for patients with surgically resectable pancreatic cancer, our study demonstrated that metal stents provided a longer patency rate, fewer ERCP sessions, and fewer episodes of cholangitis without adding any intra- or postoperative complications. Therefore, metal stents should be considered for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, especially if surgery is not immediately planned as more patients are now receiving preoperative chemoradiation.
[Study on the association of polymorphisms in homocysteine metabolism related enzymes with deep venous thrombosis].

OBJECTIVE To explore the significance of gene mutation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, methionine synthase (MS) 2756 AG and cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) 844ins68 in the development of deep venous thrombosis. METHODS One hundred and three cases of deep venous thrombosis (DVT group) and 250 healthy subjects (control group) were recruited in the study. The polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T, MS A2756G and CBS 844ins68 were detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). RESULTS The prevalences of TT genotypes of MTHFR (C677T) between DVT group and normal control group had significant difference (27.2% vs 17.2%, P< 0.05), the prevalence of AG genotypes of MS A2756G in the DVT group was less than that in the control group (9.7% vs 19.2%, P< 0.05). The prevalence of 677T-2756A haplotype in the DVT group was higher than that in the control group (P< 0.05), the prevalence of 677C-2756A haplotype in the DVT group was less than that in the control group (P< 0.05). There were no significant differences in the prevalences of CBS 844ins68 mutation. CONCLUSION The homozygote of MTHFR C677T (TT) may be a risk factor of DVT. MS A2756 G(AG) genotypes may reduce the development of DVT. The 677T-2756A haplotype may be a risk factor of DVT. The 677C-2756A haplotype may be a protective factor of DVT. The prevalence of gene mutation of CBS 844ins68 might vary with different ethnic group or geographic regions.
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Pediatric Cancer Patients: Long-term Neurological Outcomes

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon but recognized complication of treatment for leukemia. Our goal was to determine the long-term neurocognitive outcomes in childhood cancer survivors who had CVST during therapy. Nine patients were identified from an institutional database. All had experienced CVST in the setting of L-asparaginase therapy in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Four patients completed neuropsychological evaluation. Their neurological examinations were normal. Neuropsychological testing showed that the participants performed well, with average to above-average scores on cognitive and behavioral testing. Three exhibited difficulties on a visual-motor integration task and 1 had difficulty with fine-motor dexterity, nonverbal memory, emotional control, shifting attention, and anxiety. Overall, by patient and parent report, the survivors had few problems. CVST is a known complication associated with treatment for leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, most commonly observed if asparaginase is used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Although subtle difficulties were noted in survivors on neuropsychological testing, survivors themselves were not aware of the deficits. Further evaluation of leukemia survivors with a history of CVST is needed to assess for deficits and to understand whether further intervention is necessary.
Global crisis, Turkey and the regulation of economic crisis

The Turkish economy has been crisis-prone since the establishment of the Republic in1923. The various policies that resulted from the series of crises following the 1929 world economic recession have not only shaped the country’s integration into the global economy, but have also determined the specificities adopted by the accumulation regimes. The impact of the current global crisis on Turkey, and the government’s reaction to it, need to be analysed in relationship to the existing accumulation regime shaped by the country’s history. Thus, while this article is concerned with Turkey’s reactions to the current global crisis, it contends that policies from 2008 onwards show a degree of continuity with the policies already in place to cope with the problems generated by the 1994 and 2001 crises experienced in the country. The internationalisation of the Turkish economy, the relationship between core and periphery within the country, and the shifting relations of production and labour relations have all informed the AKP’s response.
Performance Management, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment1

A number of investigations have focused on aspects of human resource management policy and their impact on employees. The study reported here examines the extent to which the main elements of performance management systems are associated with positive employee attitudes. Questionnaire measures of performance management variables and of employee attitudes were obtained from 860 staff in nine organizations, all of which had been ascertained to be operating performance management systems. The findings indicate that most elements of performance management did contribute to positive employee attitudes, and that between them they accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in measures of organizational commitment and (especially) job satisfaction. Some differences in the data from public and private-sector organizations were found.
An Anatomy of Commodity Futures Risk Premia

We identify two types of risk premia in commodity futures returns: spot premia related to the risk in the underlying commodity, and term premia related to changes in the basis. Sorting on forecasting variables such as the futures basis, return momentum, volatility, inflation, hedging pressure, and liquidity results in sizable spot premia between 5% and 14% per annum and term premia between 1% and 3% per annum. We show that a single factor, the high-minus-low portfolio from basis sorts, explains the cross-section of spot premia. Two additional basis factors are needed to explain the term premia.
Management accounting and corporate management: insights into multinational hotel companies

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to provide insights into the links between managerial accounting, as a tool for monitoring and governing multinational hotel companies, and corporate management approaches.Design/methodology/approach – The paper builds upon an extensive survey of general managers previously published by the authors, followed up with interviews and an in‐depth analysis of different management scenarios in the context of multinational hotel companies.Findings – This paper's findings suggest that “management by values” appears to be particularly adapted to multinational hotel companies, because of their organisation features, i.e. a network spread in different environments, and partially shapes the management accounting choices of performance indicators at various levels in the organisation.Research limitations/implications – The limitations of this research would depend on the limited amount of data collected, i.e. 13 interviews, of which eight are analysed, if there were any attempt to ge.
The important effect of employee's emotion management ability on his/her service behaviour in the international tourist hotel

The main purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the employee's emotion management and service behaviour by analysing employees in the international tourist hotel, which involves high degrees of emotional labour that is more complex than in other industries. According to the empirical evidence, the ability of self-emotional appraisal and other's emotional appraisal become the important factors for in-role cooperative service behaviour and extra-role service behaviour. The practices can regard emotion management as the hint to predict applicant's future service behaviour, and take it as a tool to choose staff with good service performance.
Export-Led Growth in Transition Economies: The Role of Industrial Structure, Productivity Growth Differentials and Cross-Sectoral Subsidies

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the interrelation between industrial structure, productivity growth imbalances and cross-sectoral subsidies when it comes to determining economic growth and shaping a country’s transition trajectory. The theoretical framework is a two-sector supply side model of a small open economy with endogenous industrial structure and cross-sectoral subsidies. First we show how a larger productivity growth differential impacts positively on growth when sector sizes are exogenous. By incorporating differences in industrial structure we distinguish between industrial regimes with 'high growth and low inflation' and 'low growth and high inflation' respectively. Second, we endogenize sector sizes by relating the industrial structure to the productivity growth differential. The condition for when a higher productivity growth differential impacts positively on growth is now related to the sector size elasticity. Distinguishing between a diverging and a converging productivity growth differential and highlighting an economy’s structural flexibility allows us a more refined assessment regarding which industrial structures are most friendly to growth. By pinpointing how the industrial structure matters for an economy’s ability to take advantage of the incentives for structural shifts, the paper highlights the context specific nature of an economy’s transition trajectory.
Hierarchical reduction method for analysis and decomposition of Petri nets

A hierarchical reduction method for Petri nets is proposed. After a brief survey on the existing methods of Petri net reduction, concepts such as reducible subnet, degree of subnet, and macronode are defined. The subnets are partially ordered by the degree of subnet, and thus the reducible subnets can be reduced into the macronodes. A reduced net can be obtained without changing the properties (for example, liveness and boundedness). A sequence of reduction results in a hierarchy of reduced Petri nets that allow easy verification and hierarchical decomposition of the system.
The significance and performance of Singapore REITs in a mixed-asset portfolio

Purpose – REITs have taken on increased significance in Asia in recent years, with Singapore REITs (S-REITs) becoming an important property investment vehicle since 2002. The purpose of this paper is to assess the significance, risk-adjusted performance and portfolio diversification benefits of S-REITs in a mixed-asset portfolio context in Singapore over 2003-2013. The post-GFC recovery of S-REITs is also assessed. Design/methodology/approach – Using monthly total returns, the risk-adjusted performance and portfolio diversification benefits of S-REITs over 2003-2013 is assessed, with efficient frontiers and asset allocation diagrams used to assess the role of S-REITs in a mixed-asset portfolio. Sub-period analyses are conducted to assess the post-GFC recovery of S-REITs. Findings – S-REITs delivered strong risk-adjusted returns, being the best-performed asset class, but with little portfolio diversification benefit over 2003-2013. Whilst taking on reduced risk, but with less portfolio diversification bene.
Genome fingerprinting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa indicates colonization of cystic fibrosis siblings with closely related strains

The epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection at a cystic fibrosis (CF) center was monitored over a 3-year period. A total of 835 isolates from 72 unrelated patients and 22 siblings with CF were analyzed by genome fingerprinting and serotyping, bacteriophage typing, and pyocin typing. For genome fingerprinting, bacterial chromosomes were digested with one of the restriction endonucleases SpeI, DraI, XbaI, SspI, and NheI, which cut only rarely, and subsequently separated by field inversion gel electrophoresis. The physical genome analysis allowed us to classify P. aeruginosa strains in terms of DNA relatedness. Related strains differed by fewer than six DraI bands in the fingerprint, whereas unrelated strains differed by more than 20 DraI bands. All unrelated CF patients were colonized with different strains. The absence of a nosocomial spread of organisms at the CF center was attributed to the strict hygiene measures observed at the hospital. CF siblings were harboring either identical or closely related strains; transmission within the family is thought to be the most likely cause.
Information and communication technologies in rural hotels

There is a consensus about the beneficial effects of the applications of information and communication technologies (ICT) in several business contexts. Rural tourism companies have embraced these technological advances that have made a positive contribution to their quick expansion in recent years. Nevertheless, some technologies have received scarce attention from rural accommodation managers. The aim of this paper is to generate a conceptual framework on ICT development in the tourism market and, in particular, in rural accommodations. Thus, we aim at providing an overview of the main technological developments applied in this sector, analysing the level of ICT implementation in Spanish rural accommodation and identifying the opportunities and challenges for the sector regarding the use of these technologies.
The Year-End Trading Activities of Institutional Investors: Evidence from Daily Trades

At year-end, some allege that institutional investors try to mislead investors by placing trades that inflate performance (portfolio pumping) or distort reported holdings (window dressing). We contribute direct tests using daily institutional trades and find that year-end price inflation derives from a lack of institutional selling rather than institutional buying. In fact, institutional buying declines at year-end. Consistent with pumping, institutions tend to buy stocks in which they already have large positions. We find no evidence of window dressing, as institutions are not more likely to buy high-past return stocks or sell low-past return stocks at year- or quarter-end.
Investment in Tertiary Education: Main Determinants and Implications for Policy

Many OECD countries are aiming to reform their tertiary education (TE) systems. This work explores the determinants of the investment in TE, with a focus on institutional setting of TE systems and private incentives to undertake years of schooling beyond upper-secondary degree level. For this purpose the article first develops estimates of three main drivers of graduation patterns, namely institutional arrangements of TE supply, availability of funding for TE students and private returns to tertiary studies. Second, the article empirically assesses how these three factors affect graduation ratios. Based on this analysis, the article then discusses policy-levers of TE investment and explores possible routes of reform for TE systems in OECD countries. The main findings are as follows: graduation ratios increase with private returns to TE as well with the autonomy and accountability of the supply of education. Lack or insufficient financial help to tertiary students negatively affects graduation ratios. There is a number of policy-levers to stimulate investment in TE. They include policies affecting labour market premia, the degree of flexibility of TE provision and the availability of funding for students. (JEL codes: I21, I22, I28, J24)
Visitors’ Perceptions of Tourism Impacts

Tourism on islands, as elsewhere, can have positive and negative economic, environmental, and sociocultural impacts. Previous research has focused on residents’ perceptions of these impacts with little emphasis on those of the visitor, resulting in a lack of theorizing and empirical investigation into how visitors perceive and evaluate their impacts. Based on the premise that a better understanding of the visitor perspective can underpin the proactive management of some tourism impacts, this study uses Social Exchange Theory to explore visitors’ perceptions of tourism impacts on two Australian islands. Overall, visitors recognized that tourism activity increases impacts and evaluated these as mostly positive for the island communities. While visitors were aware of a range of positive and negative impacts, they judged their own impact to be more positive than that of tourism collectively. The findings point to how research can be used to underpin visitor-focused management and mitigation strategies of island destinations.
The Winner-Take-All Society

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Internationalisation of firms and their innovation and productivity†

This paper examines the links between the internationalisation of firms and their innovation and productivity performance using data from Ireland over the period 2004–2008. Our econometric results indicate that, relative to firms that served the domestic market only, firms with international activities were more likely to invest in innovation, they were more likely to be successful in terms of innovation output, and they had a higher labour productivity. In line with the most recent literature on international trade with heterogeneous firms, our empirical evidence shows that, among firms with international activities, labour productivity was higher in foreign affiliates in comparison to domestic exporters.
Environmental performance and competitive advantage in Canada's paper industry

A new environmental performance model is developed, explained and subsequently applied to a study of the Canadian recycled paper industry. The strategic position of the industry is explored as it takes the progressive steps needed to improve its environmental performance and competitive advantage in response to this rising regulatory agenda. Three policy options facing the Canadian pulp and paper industry are examined: the status quo, process technology innovation and product development. The strategic position of the industry is also examined using measurement of stance, attitude, government response, values, planning horizon and environmental integration. The supplier-consumer relationship, capital-technology and locational factors are also used to further discuss the links between competitive advantage and environmental performance. From this discussion, conclusions are drawn on competitive environmentalism: ethics and profit are compatible; newsprint mills must improve their locational, technology and market actions; the industry must proactively seek out environmental market and stakeholder opportunities and; further management research is needed to demonstrate the links between environmental performance, innovation and competitiveness.