Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Biomedical Resources in Bi-LSTM for Drug-Drug Interaction Extraction

The discovery of drug–drug interaction (DDI) is not only critical in understanding the mechanism of medicine, but also aids in preventing medical error and controlling healthcare costs. When physicians or pharmacists prescribe multiple drugs simultaneously to a single patient, DDI can be a crucial piece of information to keep the patient from experiencing adverse reactions or any other potential physical harm. Therefore, it is necessary to extract DDI for human healthcare and medicinal safety. Researchers have studied this using the literature mining methods. Recently, biomedical resources have been applied successfully in literature mining tasks, such as machine reading. Because biomedical resources contain a large amount of valuable information, we attempt to leverage this resource to provide professional knowledge in the procedure of DDI extraction. We propose a new bidirectional long–short-term memory (LSTM) network-based method, namely, biomedical resource LSTM (BR-LSTM), which combines biomedical resource with lexical information and entity position information together to extract DDI from the biomedical literature. We conducted experiments on the SemEval 2013 task 9.2 data set to evaluate our method. BR-LSTM outperforms the other state-of-the-art methods and achieves a competitive F-score of 0.7115.
A Continuously Tunable Unequal Power Divider With Wide Tuning Range of Dividing Ratio

In this letter, a dividing ratio continuously tunable power divider with a wide tuning range is presented. A pair of tunable shunt stub is utilized to achieve different power dividing ratios and good input matching performance. By varying the loaded capacitance of the tunable stubs, a continuous tuning range from 1:1 to arbitrary dividing ratio can be achieved theoretically. For demonstration, a prototype circuit with the dividing ratio from 1:2 to 1:100 is designed and fabricated. Good agreement can be observed between the measured results and simulated results.
Antitumor activity of glycoalkaloid solamargine against murine melanoma in C57BL/6 mice

Moringa oleifera commonly called Moringa, is a valuable tree whose fruits, roots and leaves have been advocated for traditional, medicinal and industrial uses. The phytochemical and nutritional properties of the dried leaf powder of M. oleifera used as nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, functional foods or a source of vegetable in meal preparation were investigated in this study to scientifically provide an empirical evidence for its use and benefits. Using standard phytochemical screening procedures the phytochemicals identified were tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and reducing sugars. The physico-chemical analysis using standard official methods and gas chromatography revealed the following nutrients; proteins (24.31%), carbohydrate (55.97%), ashes (11.50%), crude fiber (10.28%), total fat (9.22%), moisture (6.12 %), caloric value (404.10 Kcal/100g) and saturated fatty acids (3.77 %), unsaturated fatty acids (5.45 %), monounsaturated fatty acids (0.87 %), polyunsaturated fatty acids (4.58 %) and Trans fatty acid (0.00 %) for fatty acid profile. Using acid hydrolysis and ion-exchange chromatography, the amino acid analysis report showed the presence of essential and semi essential amino acids in varying amounts with a total of 27.16 nmol at 570nm and proline was 1.432 nmol at 440nm. These findings have far reaching nutritional importance in the healthcare system of this country and will help to address undernutrition in acost effective manner. Thus, the use of M. oleifera leaves as nutrients should be encouraged and sustained in this and other countries.
Demographic factors as determinants of e-governance adoption: A field study in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of demographic factors as determinants of citizens’ perceptions toward two dimensions of e-governance, namely: e-openness and e-participation. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was administered to collect data from three locations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Demographic data were analyzed to test two dimensions, namely: e-openness and e-participation of e-governance underpinning five demographic variables. More specifically t-test and the Scheffe method of multiple comparisons were conducted on a sample of 1,500 respondents to measure the significance of gender, age, educational level, nationality and type of employment in relation to the aforementioned dimensions of e-governance. Findings – Findings indicate that, with the exception of nationality, all other demographic variables including gender, age, education and type of employment clearly explain differences among the respondents of e-governance. Furthermore, our findings.
Adatom diffusion at GaN (0001) and (0001̄) surfaces

The diffusion of Ga and N adatoms has been studied for the technologically relevant wurtzite (0001) and (0001) surfaces employing density-functional theory. Our calculations reveal a very different diffusivity for Ga and N adatoms on the equilibrium surfaces: While Ga is very mobile at typical growth temperatures, the diffusion of N is by orders of magnitude slower. These results give a very detailed insight of how and under which growth conditions N adatoms can be stabilized and efficiently incorporated at the surface. We further find that the presence of excess N strongly increases the Ga diffusion barrier and discuss the consequences for the growth of GaN.
Hunting the Ethereum Smart Contract: Color-inspired Inspection of Potential Attacks

Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies are gaining unprecedented popularity and understanding. Meanwhile, Ethereum is gaining a significant popularity in the blockchain community, mainly due to the fact that it is designed in a way that enables developers to write smart contract and decentralized applications (Dapps). This new paradigm of applications opens the door to many possibilities and opportunities. However, the security of Ethereum smart contracts has not received much attention; several Ethereum smart contracts malfunctioning have recently been reported. Unlike many previous works that have applied static and dynamic analyses to find bugs in smart contracts, we do not attempt to define and extract any features; instead we focus on reducing the expert's labor costs. We first present a new in-depth analysis of potential attacks methodology and then translate the bytecode of solidity into RGB color code. After that, we transform them to a fixed-sized encoded image. Finally, the encoded image is fed to convolutional neural network (CNN) for automatic feature extraction and learning, detecting compiler bugs of Ethereum smart contract.
Reliability-oriented multipath communication for internet-based cyber-physical systems

The Internet represents a cost-effective solution to realize the communications for Cyber-physical Systems (CPSs) that span large geographical areas. However, the reliability of today's Internet is inadequate to support, for example, smart grid applications with reliability requirements of 99–99.9999%. Therefore, the Reliable Multipath Communication for Internet-based CPSs (RC4CPS) approach was proposed. Unlike previous works, it supports such demanding applications. Nevertheless, it still lacks a protocol implementation to utilize it. Existing multipath protocols for the Internet such as Multipath TCP cannot be utilized directly for such applications. This is due to a number of reasons including the throughput-oriented nature of the protocols. In this paper, RC4CPS is integrated into the Parallel Redundancy Protocol for IP Networks (iPRP) to develop an easy-to-deploy reliability-oriented multipath protocol for Internet-based CPSs. The resulting protocol, called iPRP-RC4CPS, extends the original iPRP implementation to be used in the Internet and provides a dynamic multipath selection to cope with the varying nature of Internet paths. The obtained results show that iPRP-RC4CPS maintained 100% reliability during the evaluation interval.
The Role of Epigenetics in the Etiology of Obesity: A Review

Obesity is highly prevalent in developed countries and contributes to a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality. Increased adiposity is often accompanied by comorbidities such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, low-grade inflammation, immune disorders, endocrine complications, and sleep apnea, which may require specific dietary and pharmacological interventions. The current obesity epidemic requires a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which genetic and epigenetic factors interact to determine metabolic characteristics. Epigenetic studies are dynamic; tags with reversible potential can be influenced by genetics and environment attributing phenotypic variations. There are large knowledge gaps regarding how human epigenetic changes are related to obesity and its consequences. Therefore, the present study elucidates the role of epigenetics in the etiology of obesity. Recent studies suggest that the epigenetic regulation of gene expression (DNA methylation and histone modifications) could be a major contributor to the variation of susceptibility to diseases such as obesity. The identification of genes that determine obesity susceptibility can provide information on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying body weight regulation, food intake control and fat distribution, which in turn can lead to new approaches to treatment and prevention of obesity.
Joint Sub-Carrier and Transmission Power Allocation for MTC under Power-Domain NOMA

Machine-type communications (MTC) is an important standardized technology in the fifth generation (5G) cellular networks, where a vast number of MTC devices communicate on the limited band. Due to the large number of MTC devices in MTC systems, the traditional OMA method seems very weak to provide enough connection for MTC devices. Thus a joint subcarriers and power allocation problem using power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is formulated to allow multiple MTC devices to share the same subcarrier in this paper. And the problem is decomposed into two sub-problems so that it can be easy to solve. And two algorithms are proposed for these sub-problems to maximize the number of successfully connected MTC devices. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme can effectively improve the access opportunity of MTC devices compared to the existing schemes.
Cross validation for locally stationary processes

We propose an adaptive bandwidth selector via cross validation for local M-estimators in locally stationary processes. We prove asymptotic optimality of the procedure under mild conditions on the underlying parameter curves. The results are applicable to a wide range of locally stationary processes such linear and nonlinear processes. A simulation study shows that the method works fairly well also in misspecified situations.
Clinical and Immunological Effects of a Reduced Daily Dose of Stavudine among Antiretroviral Naïve HIV-infected Individuals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Randomized, Controlled Study

Objectives: To compare the immunological and clinical effects of a further reduction of stavudine dose to 30 mg once-daily with that of a standard zidovudine containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen in a prospective, open-label randomized controlled study. Methods: Naive HIV infected patients were equally randomized to receive either stavudine 30 mg once-daily or a standard dose zidovudine containing regimen. CD4+ T-cell counts, Haemoglobin (Hb), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Body Mass Index (BMI), WHO stage and patients’ morbidity at baseline, three and six months were determined. Changes between baseline and three as well as six months follow-up were compared within-and between-groups. Results: Five hundred and twenty patients aged ≥ 18 years were included. Males were 159 (30.6%), with the mean (SD) age of 39 (9) years. Within group comparison indicated that there were statistically significant increases in mean CD4+ cell counts, BMI, and Hb (p<0.0001) at 3 and 6 months from the values at baseline in both groups, but there were not significantly different between groups. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of occurrence of opportunistic infections (OIs) however, there was significant decrease of OIs for subsequent follow up time points compared to baseline status. The overall median adherence rate was 94% (IQR 94%, 98%) in both groups, but patients in the stavudine group had better adherence compared to those in the zidovudine group, p<0.0001. Additionally, liver damage at 6 months, as indicated by elevated ALT, was more likely with the zidovudine based regimen, p <0.0001. There was no statistically significant difference in ALT elevations between the groups at 3 months. Conclusion: The immunological and clinical outcomes following a regimen employing a reduced dose of stavudine to 30 mg once-daily were similar to those of a standard zidovudine-based antiretroviral regimen.
FATHER'S ROLES ON THE EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING PRACTICE

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is the best way feed infant aged 0-6 months. Various factors influence breastfeeding practice, include father’s role factors. This study aimed to describe father’s roles and its association to breastfeeding practices. Method: Method used in this study was survey with cross sectional approach. The sample were 80 couples who had 0-6 month aged baby lived in the service area of Ngesrep subdistrict in February 2012 using pusposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed descriptively using chi-square statistical test. Result: The result showed among mothers with exclusive breastfeeding practice, about 80% father did support their wife. Father’s role were significantly associated to exclusive breastfeeding practices ( =0.0001). It was also influenced by medical support ( =0.042), grand mother and peer support ( =0.0001), and non-working mothers ( =0.049). Conclusion: Fathers who did role supporting mothers to practice exclusive breastfeeding, improve its success. However, medical support, grand mother and peer support, and mother’s occupation are confounding variable for this. Keywords : exclusive breastfeeding, father, father’s role
Concomitant prevalence of diabetes and tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients in Enugu, Nigeria

The present study was aimed at establishing the prevalence of concomitant occurrences of tuberculosis and hyperglycemia in HIV/AIDS patients in Nigeria. Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Tuberculosis and Diabetes mellitus are individually one of the top ten causes of mortality all over the world. Two hundred HIV/AIDS patients were selected randomly from the HIV clinic in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined using glucose oxidase method. Patients had their sputum samples screened for three consecutive times for the presence of tubercle bacilli using the Ziehl Nelson staining technique. Fifty non-HIV/AIDS subjects served as a matched control (25 males and 25 females). Of the 200 patients screened, 93 (46.5%) were males and 107 (53.5%) were females. Twelve (6%) patients had hyperglycemia, and 75 (37.5%) patients had tuberculosis. Amongst patients concomitantly affected by hyperglycemia and tuberculosis, persons between 41-50 years and 20-30 years had the highest and lowest prevalence respectively. Gender prevalence was not significantly different. Simultaneous occurrences of hyperglycemia and TB in the HIV/AIDS patients was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The duration of administration of antiretroviral had no significant effect on the fasting blood glucose levels of HIV/AIDS patients but had a significant effect on the prevalence of TB in these patients.
Online, rapid and portable microcantilever biosensors for food safety monitoring

The microand nano-technologies coupled with a deep knowledge of organic/inorganic interfaces guarantee an exceptional sensitivity and specificity of the sensor, while the lab-on-a-chip platform reduces assay times and limits sampling and/or sample preparation, providing compact and portable objects. Therefore, the development of innovative biosensors such as antibody-immobilized microcantilevers can overcome the evident limits of nowadays technologies, such as time consuming, expensiveness, difficult automation, low sensitivity, accuracy and precision for quantitative methods. The present study proposes two device designs for the detection of food pathogens, exploiting an antibody-immobilized microcantilever biosensors, a novel class of mass detectors. For the first one, we integrated the mechanical sensors on a microfluidic platform (lab-on-a-chip) to perform online analysis, directly in liquid environment. We showed that our portable biosensors could easily detect the presence of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in concentration 10 cfu/mL in just 40 minutes, without any enrichment and/or sample preparation. To increase the mass sensitivity of our analysis, we also fabricated microstructures optimized for vibrating in vacuum environment. Using a dip-and-dry technique, we showed that, in such configuration, the experimental limit of detection is as low as 10 cfu/mL. Due to the extremely small volumes needed, our biosensors operating in vacuum have the potentiality of detecting the presence or absence of a single cell.
The spectral-element method in seismology

We present the main properties of the spectral-element method, which is well suited for numerical calculations of synthetic seismograms for three-dimensional Earth models. The technique is based upon a weak formulation of the equations of motion and combines the flexibility of a finite-element method with the accuracy of a pseudospectral method. The mesh is composed of hexahedral elements and honors the main discontinuities in the Earth model. The displacement vector is expressed in each element in terms of high-degree Lagrange interpolants, and integrals are computed based upon Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre quadrature, which leads to an exactly diagonal mass matrix and therefore drastically simplifies the algorithm. We use a fluid-solid coupling formulation that does not require iterations at the core-mantle or inner-core boundaries. The method is efficiently implemented on parallel computers with distributed memory based upon a message-passing methodology. We present two large-scale simulations for a realistic three-dimensional Earth model computed on the Japanese Earth Simulator at periods of 5 s and longer.
Surgical treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: After 15 years of practice

Aims: We evaluated the surgical treatment of severe acute pancreatitis by analyzing the surgical methods and clinical outcomes during a 15-year period in our Department of Surgery with the goal of improving our performance. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between clinical factors and mortality in these patients. Methods: The study included the medical records of patients diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis (Atlanta 2012 classification) who were surgically treated between 2000 and 2014 (15 years) in the Department of Cirurgia 1, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu in Portugal. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS® Version 22 IBM® software. Results: A total of 39 patients were included, mostly men with an average age of 58.7 years. The most prevalent etiology was gallstones (41% of cases). The following variables showed an independent relationship with mortality: age, length of stay, Ranson
Sources of methane to an Arctic lake in Alaska: An isotopic investigation

Sources of dissolved methane (CH4) at Toolik Lake, Alaska, include both diffusion from lake sediments and groundwater entering the lake from its perimeter. Here we use hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in water (H2O), carbon and hydrogen isotopes in CH4, and carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to calculate the relative importance of lake sediment and groundwater discharge as sources of dissolved CH4 to Toolik Lake. We also resolve the relative importance of the source contribution spatially within the lake and determine the processes controlling CH4 concentrations in groundwater surrounding the lake. Our findings, from a mixing model based on isotopes in CH4, suggest that groundwater is a more important source of CH4 at the perimeter of the lake where the water‐to‐air flux is high. Additionally, we find on the local scale that high groundwater methane concentrations may be better linked to areas around the lake where rain is the dominant source of water to the active layer, indicating that changes in precipitation and active layer thaw depth will impact methane concentrations in the active layer and, ultimately, the groundwater associated flux to Toolik Lake.
Preliminary Observations on the Behavior and Ecology of the Peruvian Night Monkey (Aotus Miconax: Primates) in a Remnant Cloud Forest Patch, North Eastern Peru

The Peruvian night monkey (Aotus miconax) is endemic to the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern Peru. We present preliminary behavioral data on A. miconax collected during 12 months of surveys on a single group living in a 1.4 ha forest fragment near the Centro Poblado La Esperanza, Amazonas Department. Follows were conducted for five nights each month around full moon. The group used 1.23 ha as their home range. Night ranges were between 0.16 and 0.63 ha. Activity budgets were 32 % feeding, 53 % travelling and 13 % resting. Average night path length was 823 m and average travel speed was 117 m/h. The study group has one of the smallest home ranges recorded for a night monkey group, probably the result of its isolated habitat. These results represent the first behavioral data on this species but results are limited by small sample sizes. A. miconax remains one of the least studied of all primates and is threatened by continued expansion of human populations and hunting.
Effect of Methylphenidate for Apathy on Visual Attention Scanning Behavior: a Pilot Study

Background The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the potential of eye-tracking technology in monitoring symptoms and predicting outcomes in apathetic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients treated with methylphenidate (MTP). Methods Neuropsychological tests and eye-tracking measurements were completed at baseline and following at least four weeks of treatment with MTP (5–10 mg BID). Eye-movements were measured while patients viewed novel and social stimuli. Cognition, behavior, and apathy were assessed using the Standardized Mini-Mental State Exam (sMMSE), Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), respectively. Results Nine patients were included in the analysis (age: median=75, interquartile range=8; sMMSE: median=22, interquartile range=14). Spearman correlations showed that improvement on the AES was associated with increased visual attention towards novel stimuli (ρ7=−0.809, p=.008). Additionally, lower baseline attention towards social images was associated with improvement on the AES (ρ7=0.905, p=.001). Conclusions Eye-tracking techniques can be developed as an objective and nonverbal method of monitoring symptoms and treatment outcomes in AD patients.
Teaching Nash Equilibrium and Dominance: A Classroom Experiment on the Beauty Contest

Abstract: The authors' aim in this article was to show how the use of classroom experiments may be a good pedagogical tool to teach the Nash equilibrium (NE) concept. The basic game is a version of the beauty contest game (BCG), a simple guessing game in which repetition lets students react to other players' choices and converge iteratively to the equilibrium solution. The authors perform this experiment with undergraduate students with no previous training in game theory. After four rounds, they observe a clear decreasing tendency in the average submitted number in all groups. Thus, the findings show that by playing a repeated BCG, students quickly learn how to reach the NE solution.