Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Servikal Smear Tarama Programımızda Sınırlılık/Yetersizlik Oranları ve Nedenleri (1322 Olgu)

Objectives: Cervical cancer mortality has decreased 75% over five decades, largely attributable to the introduction of Papanicolau (Pap) smear screening in 1940s. Although cervical smear interpretation is highly successful, reliability of the cytological diagnosis depends on the technique of provider, accuracy of selection of the sampling site and of application of the technique. Materials and Methods: In the present study 1322 smears which were diagnosed according to Bethesda system in Firat University Medical Faculty Pathology Department were evaluated to determine limited adequacy and inadequacy rates and reason retrospectively. Results: Of the total 1322 Pap smears, 844 (63.8%) were adequate, 383 (29%) partially adequate and 95 (7.2%) were inadequate. The most frequent reason was the absence of endocervical/metaplastic cells (n:159, 41.5%) in cases with limited adequacy and obscuring inflammation (n:37, 38.9%) in inadequate cases. Epithelial cell abnormality was detected in 30 smears (2.2%). Consistent with the previous findings epithelial cell abnormality was higher in the presence of endocervical/metaplastic cell (n:25, 83.3%). Conclusion: The designation of the adequate/inadequate specimen collection reasons, especially absence of endocervical/metaplastic cell may help the physician to re-evaluate the specimen collection techniques and increase in smear quality. In addition the education of Pap smear taking staff, application of suitable technique and increament of expertise will be solution to increase adequacy ratio. ©2006, Firat Universitesi, Tip Fakultesi
Loss of ARPC1B impairs cytotoxic T lymphocyte maintenance and cytolytic activity

CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) rely on rapid reorganization of the branched F-actin network to drive the polarized secretion of lytic granules, initiating target cell death during the adaptive immune response. Branched F-actin is generated by the nucleation factor actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex. Patients with mutations in the actin-related protein complex 1B (ARPC1B) subunit of Arp2/3 show combined immunodeficiency, with symptoms of immune dysregulation, including recurrent viral infections and reduced CD8+ T cell count. Here, we show that loss of ARPC1B led to loss of CTL cytotoxicity, with the defect arising at 2 different levels. First, ARPC1B is required for lamellipodia formation, cell migration, and actin reorganization across the immune synapse. Second, we found that ARPC1B is indispensable for the maintenance of TCR, CD8, and GLUT1 membrane proteins at the plasma membrane of CTLs, as recycling via the retromer and WASH complexes was impaired in the absence of ARPC1B. Loss of TCR, CD8, and GLUT1 gave rise to defects in T cell signaling and proliferation upon antigen stimulation of ARPC1B-deficient CTLs, leading to a progressive loss of CD8+ T cells. This triggered an activation-induced immunodeficiency of CTL activity in ARPC1B-deficient patients, which could explain the susceptibility to severe and prolonged viral infections.
Relationship Between Speech Recognition in Quiet and Noise and Fitting Parameters, Impedances and ECAP Thresholds in Adult Cochlear Implant Users

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify parameters which are related to speech recognition in quiet and in noise of cochlear implant (CI) users. These parameters may be important to improve current fitting practices. Design: Adult CI users who visited the Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, for their annual follow-up between January 2015 and December 2017 were retrospectively identified. After applying inclusion criteria, the final study population consisted of 138 postlingually deaf adult Cochlear CI users. Prediction models were built with speech recognition in quiet and in noise as the outcome measures, and aided sound field thresholds, and parameters related to fitting (i.e., T and C levels, dynamic range [DR]), evoked compound action potential thresholds and impedances as the independent variables. A total of 33 parameters were considered. Separate analyses were performed for postlingually deafened CI users with late onset (LO) and CI users with early onset (EO) of severe hearing impairment. Results: Speech recognition in quiet was not significantly different between the LO and EO groups. Speech recognition in noise was better for the LO group compared with the EO group. For CI users in the LO group, mean aided thresholds, mean electrical DR, and measures to express the impedance profile across the electrode array were identified as predictors of speech recognition in quiet and in noise. For CI users in the EO group, the mean T level appeared to be a significant predictor in the models for speech recognition in quiet and in noise, such that CI users with elevated T levels had worse speech recognition in quiet and in noise. Conclusions: Significant parameters related to speech recognition in quiet and in noise were identified: aided thresholds, electrical DR, T levels, and impedance profiles. The results of this study are consistent with previous study findings and may guide audiologists in their fitting practices to improve the performance of CI users. The best performance was found for CI users with aided thresholds around the target level of 25 dB HL, and an electrical DR between 40 and 60 CL. However, adjustments of T and/or C levels to obtain aided thresholds around the target level and the preferred DR may not always be acceptable for individual CI users. Finally, clinicians should pay attention to profiles of impedances other than a flat profile with mild variations.
Lower Circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acid Concentrations Among Vegetarians are Associated with Changes in Gut Microbial Composition and Function.

SCOPE Vegetarian diets confer health benefits to many cardiometabolic diseases, while whether and how gut microbiota in vegetarians contributes to host metabolism remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to explore the possible links between the gut microbiota and circulating gut microbiota-host co-metabolites among vegetarians and omnivores. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected fecal and serum samples from 36 adults following a vegan, a lacto-ovo vegetarian, or an omnivorous diet. A 16S rRNA gene, metagenome, metatranscriptome, and metabolome integrated multi-omics approach was adopted to profile fecal microbial composition and functionality and circulating gut microbiota-host co-metabolites. 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing suggested a significant difference in gut microbial composition between the two vegetarian groups and the omnivorous group, at the family, genus, and species level. Metabolomic analysis revealed that circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) - valine, leucine and isoleucine, were significantly lower in the two vegetarian groups than those in the omnivorous group. In line with the lower concentrations of BCAAs, metatranscriptomic analysis showed that the gut microbial pathway for the degradation of BCAAs was significantly upregulated among vegetarians compared with the omnivores. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that gut microbiota plays an important role in the modulation of circulating BCAAs among vegetarians. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Reproductive Bet-Hedging and Existence in Vernal Pools as Components of Hydra Life History

Despite the fact that Hydra has been studied for more than 200 years, we know surprisingly little about its life history. We show that Hydra vulgaris embryos hatch sporadically over a period ranging from a few days to nine months. We also report, for what seems to be the first time, the presence of Hydra in a vernal pool. Phylogenetic analysis and sexual crossing show that this Hydra is a member of the cosmopolitan Vulgaris clade and is not reproductively isolated from other members of the clade. Our findings lead us to hypothesize that Hydra evolved in an unstable freshwater habitat in which survival required that its life cycle include the use of a bet-hedging reproductive strategy and the formation of an embryo that is desiccation resistant and that can remain dormant for long periods of time.
The diagnostic accuracy of the faecal immunochemical test for colorectal cancer in risk-stratified symptomatic patients.

INTRODUCTION The faecal immunochemical test detects blood in the faeces, reporting faecal haemoglobin quantitatively in micrograms of haemoglobin per gram of faeces. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of using the faecal immunochemical test as a rule-out test in symptomatic patients at low and high risk of colorectal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between November 2016 and October 2017, consecutive symptomatic patients within a multicultural part of London were recruited to perform a faecal immunochemical test prior to colonoscopy. Analysis was performed on the HM-JACKarc analyser. RESULTS Faecal immunochemical test samples were returned by 298 patients who underwent colonoscopy. There was no significant variation in faecal haemoglobin levels by age, sex, ethnicity or deprivation. The overall detection rate for colorectal cancer was 100% at 2 µg/g and 92% at 10 µg/g. If a faecal haemoglobin threshold for investigation of 2 µg/g (ie detectable) or 10 µg/g had been employed, the number of colonoscopies would have been reduced by 70% and 84%, respectively, in all symptomatic patients. For low-risk patients, the sensitivity of the faecal immunochemical test for colorectal cancer at both thresholds of 2 µg/g or 10 µg/g remained 100%, with the number of colonoscopies reduced by 80% and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSION This study shows that the faecal immunochemical test is a promising technology that detected colorectal cancer in all high- or low-risk symptomatic patients in our cohort at a threshold of detectable faecal haemoglobin. Data from adequately powered cohort studies will elucidate the true diagnostic accuracy of the test and the rate and patterns of undetected colorectal cancer.
GamCog: A measurement instrument for miscognitions related to gamblification, gambling, and video gaming.

"Gamblification" is a rapidly emerging form of media convergence between the more chance-based activity of gambling and the more skill-based activity of (video) gaming, for example in the competitive video gaming known as esports. The marriage of video gaming and gambling has been theorized as bringing about new forms of gambling-related cognitive processes in individuals and affecting the ways in which they approach and evaluate gambling situations. As such, a pertinent research problem is whether existing measurement instruments designed to identify gambling related cognitions can be employed in this new context and population, and if not, how they can be adapted. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the psychometric properties of Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS) and a series of items developed following a review of existing literature. We employ 3 separate data sets gathered from video game players who also gamble (N = 442; 391; and 335). The results indicate that the GRCS is not a robust measure to use for video game players who gamble; the new GamCog measure was, therefore, developed to address this gap. The study implies that the most significant cognitive differences between video game players and the wider population are the ways in which concepts of skill and luck are perceived, potentially due to the sense of personal agency engendered by video games. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Nanotoxicology of Metal Wear Particles in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Review of Current Concepts

Metal-on-metal (M-M) joint replacement has raised concerns about the long-term effects of metal wear debris and corrosion products. This review summarizes the current concepts in biological reactivity to metal wear particles, ions, and corrosion products. Attention is focused on Co-Cr-Mo alloy since it is the most diffused and discussed material in arthroplasty. (Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics 2010; 8: 1-6)
Helicobacter pylori Seropositivity in Children With Asthma

Helicobacter pylori Seropositivity in Children With Asthma ________________________________________ Parsa Yousefichaijan 1 ; Ghasem Mosayebi 2 ; Mojtaba Sharafkhah 3, * ; Manijeh Kahbazi 4 ; Phaezeh Heydarbagi 3 ; and Mohammad Rafiei 5 1 Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran 2 Department of Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran 3 Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran 4 Department of Pediatric, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran 5 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran Abstract Background: Some studies have reported an association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization and the occurrence of asthma or other allergies. However, data are inconsistent, and few studies have been performed in children. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate H. pylori seropositivity in children with and without asthma. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed with 208 children aged 5- to 12-years-old (104 asthmatic subjects in the case group and 104 healthy individuals in the control group) who had been referred to the pediatric clinic of Amir Kabir hospital in Arak, Iran. H. pylori seropositivity was compared between the two groups according to the serum level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against the H. pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) protein, which was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The H. pylori serology test was positive in 13 (12.5%) asthmatic subjects and 18 (17.3%) healthy subjects. This difference was not significant (P = 0.54). Duration of asthma in the serology-positive children (3.61 ± 1.5 years) was significantly higher than that of the serology-negative children (2.16 ± 1.33 years) (P = 0.0001). No significant correlations were found between H. pyloriseropositivity and age (P = 0.95), gender (P = 0.7), severity of asthma (P = 0.54), control of the asthma (P = 0.23), or pulmonary function test (PFT) results (P = 0.23). Conclusions: The results showed no association between childhood asthma and H. pylori seropositivity. However, due to the lack of studies, especially in children, and controversial results of the clinical studies, further studies are recommended. Keywords: Asthma; Child; Helicobacter pylori
Magnitude and predictors of normal-weight central obesity– the AWI-Gen study findings

ABSTRACT Background: Normal-weight central obesity is associated with higher mortality than general obesity as defined by body mass index, particularly in the absence of central fat distribution. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the magnitude and predictors of normal-weight central obesity in an urban informal settlement setting in Kenya. Methods: We used data from the AWI-Gen study, a cross-sectional survey targeting randomly selected consenting adults between the ages of 40–60 in two urban informal settlements of Nairobi between 2014 and 2016. Central obesity was determined using waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, visceral fat thickness, and subcutaneous fat thickness. General obesity was determined using body mass index (BMI). Results: About 20.0% of participants in the study had general obesity. The prevalence of central obesity as measured by waist circumference was 52.0%, by waist-to-hip ratio was 53.5%, by visceral fat thickness was 32.4% and by subcutaneous fat thickness was 49.2%. The prevalence of normal-weight central obesity in the study population was highest when measured by waist to hip ratio (38.1%) and lowest when measured by visceral fat thickness (18.1%). Factors associated with normal-weight central obesity as assesses by waist circumference were being female, of older age, and in full-time employment. Older age was associated with normal-weight central obesity as assessed by waist to hip ratio. Conclusion: The findings highlight a significant prevalence of normal-weight central obesity among adults in a poor urban setting in Kenya, pointing to women as a key target group for focused interventions. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish whether there is a link between normal-weight central obesity and mortality in such settings as has been found in other settings.
Smoking among Malay Upper Secondary School Students in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Introduction: In developing countries, around 1.1 billion smokers are present, which represent 70% of the world's smokers. Over 50% of them are living in Asia. Smokingrelated mortality although it is preventable, unfortunately it is a significant cause of death in Malaysia. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of smoking and reasons to start smoking among upper secondary school students in Shah Alam Selangor. Methods: Study population were selected from form 4 and 5 students, age ranging from 15 to 17 years old. This was a cross sectional study carried out at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia over a six-month period Results: Out of 210 students selected for the study, 18 were smokers giving a prevalence of 8.6%. Chi square analysis showed a significant association between gender and smoking ( p- value < 0.001). Conclusion: The finding of this study has highlighted the need for complete and integrated strategy to prevent teenage smoking.
Effectiveness of Health Instructions on Reducing anxiety levels and claustrophobia among female adolescents undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Over 80 million MRI procedures are now performed each year worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a frequently used imaging technique not only for diagnostic purposes but also in research settings. Adolescent girls report a greater number of worries, more separation anxiety, and higher levels of generalized anxiety. Claustrophobia is common during MR scanning because of the enclosed nature of cylindrical whole-body MR scanners. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of health instructions on anxiety levels and claustrophobia among female adolescents undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A quasi- experimental research design was used. This study was conducted in waiting area at El Menofyia University Hospital. Four tools used to collect data; Socio-Demographic sheet, of Patient Knowledge Assessment sheet, claustrophobia Assessment sheet, and State– Trait Anxiety Inventory sheet. Relatively near half of the female patients in the sample (44%) their age ranged between 16≤18 years. 88% of adolescent patients had unsatisfactory knowledge in pretest regarding preparation before MRI exam as compared to only 4% in post test. There was highly statistically significant difference among levels of anxiety from pre test and post test. Conclusion; Some female patients who are undergoing magnetic resonance imaging examination cannot terminate the procedure due to producing anxiety and claustrophobia, so health instructions for those is very necessary, which has an effect on lowering anxiety and claustrophobia related to magnetic resonance imaging examination. Recommendations: The researchers suggested conduction of a designed program for patients who cannot terminate the procedure successfully and reappointed for another examination, Patient meeting with psychologist before MRI, Establishing enjoyable posters and pamphlets into the MRI waiting room, Teach the female adolescents' methods of coping therapeutically with claustrophobia and anxiety, Presences of relative with female adolescents during preparation for MRI, Create methods of communications with staff nursing during MRI.
How Common Is Cyberbullying Among Adults? Exploring Gender, Ethnic, and Age Differences in the Prevalence of Cyberbullying

Previous research on cyberbullying has almost entirely focused on examining its prevalence among teens and young adults leaving it unclear how prevalent it is within the wider population. The present study used a New Zealand (NZ) national sample (N = 20,849) to examine gender, age, and ethnic differences in the experiences of cyberbullying victimization. On average, nearly 14.9 percent of respondents stated that they have ever been a target of cyberbullying before, with 2.2 percent respondents reporting such experiences within the past month. While young adults (18-25 years) experienced the highest levels of cyberbullying during both time frames (lifetime and past month), the prevalence of cyberbullying was lower among older age cohorts, with the lowest rate among the 66+ age group. Reports of cyberbullying slightly varied among men and women, with women overall reporting slightly greater levels of having ever experienced cyberbullying than men; however, this significant difference did not carry into reports of cyberbullying over the past month. On average, participants identifying as European reported lower levels of cyberbullying than Māori and Pacific Nations participants during both time frames, with Asian participants falling in the middle. Taken together, these findings provide a nuanced understanding of the prevalence of cyberbullying in a large national sample of NZ adults.
Late Activation of the Vastus Medialis in Determining the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Soccer Players.

CONTEXT Activation time of the quadriceps is important in determining injury risk in professional soccer players. OBJECTIVE To compare the activation time of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles during a movement that puts stress on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) to assess the risk of ACL injury. DESIGN Case series. SETTING University laboratory for movement analysis. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty (10 males and 10 females) professional soccer players. INTERVENTION(S) An inertial sensor and 4 electrodes positioned on the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles were used for the surface electromyography. The athlete resting on 1 leg dropped, from a 32-cm-high platform, on the suspended foot (testing leg), without jumping or lowering his center of gravity and maintaining single-leg landing for 5 seconds. Using a software, it is possible to calculate the activation time of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris, and semimembranosus muscles before ground contact. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES To evaluate the activation times of the rectus femoris, VM, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus muscles before ground contact in comparison with the range of normality calculated by the manufacturer. RESULTS All male soccer players demonstrated a low risk related to the correct activation of all the examined muscles, while female soccer players demonstrated delayed activation of the VM. CONCLUSIONS Delayed activation of the VM registered in females determines an increase in anterior shear force, which is an important risk factor for incurring an ACL injury. This testing protocol becomes adequate for the screening of high-risk athletes and for targeting interventions to specific imbalances that may increase injury risk.