Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth Performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Post Larvae Fed with Vegetable Wastes and Palmolein Supplemented Formulated Feeds

The possibility for utilizing massively-available vegetable wastes as one of the feed ingredients for better growth and survival of Macrobrachium ros enbergii was checked as these wastes are good sources for antioxidants and other nutrients. Vegetable waste powder (VWP) was prepared from dried potato peel, cabbage thick outer greens, peel of carrot, beetroot and cauliflower. Â Basal ingredients (BI), such as coconut oilcake, groundnut oilcake and soybean meal (as protein sources), and rice bran and wheat bran (as carbohydrate sources) were powdered separately and taken in equal proportion. The VWP was incorporated with BI in different ratios (5%, 15% and 25%). Egg albumin and tapioca flour were used as binders. Vitamin B-complex was also mixed. The diet also contained Cod liver oil and palmolein in equal proportion as lipid sources. Palmolein, low cost oil was used to replace the high cost fish oil partially. A pinch of table salt was also added. These were subjected to pellet preparation. Feed without addition of VWP was served as control. Feeding trials were conducted for a period of 60 days on M. rosenbergii post larvae (PL). Significant increases in weight gain (WG), P Â indices of feed quality (feed intake and feed efficiency (FE) and indices of protein (protein intake, protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein conversion ratio (PCR) and protein productive value (PPV) were recorded in PL, particularly fed with 15% VWP incorporated formulated feed when compared with control (P Â However, the food conversion rate (FCR), P
Accumulation of nutrients and growth in castor bean plants

Information about nutrient uptake and accumulation by different crops during development stages allows iden­tifying periods of higher demand and an adequate fertilization management. An experiment under field condi­tions was carried out in order to evaluate macro and micronutrient accumulation in castor bean leaf tissue, as well as to identify nutrient uptake critical stages of this crop. Treatments were consisted of evaluation periods with samples collected every ten days until 160 days after emergence of crop. Castor bean plants showed higher macronutrient accumulation in descending order: N > K > Ca > S > Mg > P and the following micronutri­ents Fe > Mn > Zn > B > Cu > Mo. The highest accumulation rates of N, P and K nutrients occur from 20 to 110 days after emergence (DAE) with the highest N uptake from 30 to 40 DAE, remaining high until approximately 110 DAE. Regarding potassium, the highest uptake occurs between 40 and 50 DAE, with high uptake rates until approximately 110 DAE. The highest phosphorus uptake was between 80 and 90 DAE. The majority of macro and micronutrients were accumulated in leaves during most part of evaluation cycle.
Microbiological Quality of Surface Water Treated with Moringa oleifera Seeds or Cakes during the Storage: Case Study of Water Reservoirs of Loumbila, Ziga and Ouaga 3 Dams in Burkina Faso

Water purification with Moringa oleifera seeds has received a lot of attention because it reduces water turbidity and pathogenic microorganisms. However, it is important to define the optimum conditions of storage to preserve the treated water quality. The study aims to investigate microbial quality of water treated with Moringa oleifera seeds or cake coagulants in relation to the storage temperature and shelf life in order to define the optimum conditions of storage. A total of 45 water samples from 3 water reservoirs of Loumbila, Ziga and Ouaga 3 dams were collected in sterile glass bottles and treated in triplicate with Moringa oleifera seeds or defatted cakes coagulants. Treated water samples obtained at optimum conditions were stored at room temperature (25˚C - 30˚C) and at 4˚C. Fecal bacteria pollution indicators (Escherichia coli, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococcus) and parasites were monitored every 24 hours during three (3) days based on laboratory standard methods. Data were analyzed using the Student's t-test and XLSTAT 7.5. 2 statistical software. From the results obtained, bacterial indicators increased significantly with storage temperature (p < 0.0001) and shelf life (p < 0.0001). However, for all water samples, bacterial growth was more important in samples treated with Moringa oleifera cakes than seeds (p < 0.0001). For water samples treated with Moringa oleifera seeds and stored at room temperature, bacterial increase after 72 hours was 57 - 80, 42 - 50 and 22 - 47 CFU/100 ml for fecal coliforms, E. coli and fecal * Corresponding author.
The Comparative Effect of Top-down Processing and Bottom-up Processing through TBLT on Extrovert and Introvert EFL

This research seeks to examine the effect of two models of reading comprehension, namely top-down and bottom-up processing, on the reading comprehension of extrovert and introvert EFL learners’ reading comprehension. To do this, 120 learners out of a total number of 170 intermediate learners being educated at Iran Mehr English Language School were selected all taking a PET (Preliminary English Test) first for homogenization prior to the study. They also answered the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) which in turn categorized them into two subgroups within each reading models consisting of introverts and extroverts. All in all, there were four subgroups: 30 introverts and 30 extroverts undergoing the top-down processing treatment, and 30 introverts and 30 extroverts experiencing the bottom-up processing treatment. The aforementioned PET was administered as the post test of the study after each group was exposed to the treatment for 18 sessions in six weeks. After the instructions finished, the mean scores of all four groups on this post test were computed and a two-way ANOVA was run to test all the four hypotheses raise in this study. the results showed that while learners generally benefitted more from the bottom-up processing setting compared to the top-down processing one, the extrovert group was better off receiving top-down instruction. Furthermore, introverts outperformed extroverts in bottom-up group; yet between the two personalities subgroups in the top-down setting no difference was seen. A predictable pattern of benefitting from teaching procedures could not be drawn for introverts as in both top-down and bottom-up settings, they benefitted more than extroverts.
IS M-LEARNING THE IDEAL PLATFORM FOR THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION LEARNERS?

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Dinesh Kumar. V, Department of Anatomy, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India. E-Mail: dinesh.88560@gmail.com Introduction: Mobile based learning offer a wide spectrum of learning opportunities to improve the learning of millennial generation learners. The paradigm shift of technology-supported learning helps us to provide personalized learning environment and also promote collaborative learning. The aim of this paper is to validate the effectiveness of using WhatsApp based learning and analyse the principles of learning underlying it. Methodology: A pilot study involving 122 first year students was done to assess the effectiveness of mobile learning as curricular assistance. Their perception was then recorded and analysed statistically. Results: 50 (41%) graded 3/5 and 26 (21.3%) students graded 4/5 when asked about the usefulness of online learning in anatomy. 95 (78%) students opted WhatsApp based m-Learning as the best method for sharing the learning resources, compared to 17 (14%) students opting for E-learning. Conclusion: We suggest that mobile based learning if administered meticulously can aid learner engagement and promote collaborative learning. Future studies should validate its potentials and limitations.
Ag-Doped TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Composite Film as a Photoanode for Enhancing the Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency in DSSCs

A Ag-doped double-layer composite film with TiO2 nanoparticles (P25) as the underlayer and TiO2 nanotube (TNT) arrays with the Ag-doped nanoparticles as the overlayer was fabricated as the photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Five different concentrations of Ag-doped TNT arrays photoelectrode were compared with the pure TNT arrays composite photoelectrode. It is found that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the TNT arrays composite photoanode is gradually improved from 3.00% of the pure TNT arrays composite photoanode to 6.12% of the Ag-doped TNT arrays photoanode with the increasing of the doping concentration, reaching up to the maximum in the 0.04 mol/L AgNO3 solution, and then slightly decreased to 5.43% after continuing to increase the doping concentration. The reason is mainly that the cluster structure of the Ag nanoparticles with large surface area contributes to dye adsorption and the Surface Plasmon Resonance Effect of the Ag nanoparticles improved the photocatalytic ability of the TNT arrays film.
CONSIDERING THE CASE FOR SINGLE-SEX SCHOOLS FOR GIRLS IN SOUTH AFRICA

ABSTRACT. This article considers current international debates about single-sex schooling. It examines the reasons for the recommendation of the South African Gender Equity Task Team that single-sex schools for girls be established. It argues that the specific circumstances of schooling in South Africa, particularly the violent conditions that prevail in many schools, require that the desirability of single-sex schooling for particular constituencies continually be debated. RESUME. Cet article traite du debat international actuel sur la scolarite unisexe. Il se penche sur les motifs de la recommandation du groupe de travail sud-africain sur l'equite entre les sexes preconisant la creation d'ecoles unisexes pour filles. L'auteur de l'article soutient que les conditions propres a la scolarite en Afrique du Sud, en particulier la violence qui prevaut dans de nombreuses ecoles, commandent un debat ininterrompu sur le caractere souhaitable d'une scolarite unisexe dans certaines circonscriptions.
The Threat Is Real: Labor-Market Competition, Recession and Anti-Immigrant Sentiments in Europe

Sociological research on attitudes towards immigration has emphasized the subjective over the objective dimension of competitive threat. As a result, we still know little about the economic bases of native-immigrant competition. This paper investigates the impact of labor-market competition (LMC) on attitudes towards immigration in Europe by testing for both occupational and environmental sources of competitive threat. Drawing on recent developments in stratification research and labor economics, I distinguish between three different objective dimensions of the occupation that are expected to influence its degree of closure/exposure to competition: 1) skill specialization; 2) monitoring costs; and 3) manual dexterity intensity. Environmental effects are measured by estimating the time change in anti-immigrant sentiments before and after the first dip of the Great Recession, and by connecting this change to 1) household financial distress, 2) individual perceptions of the economy, 3) GDP contraction and 4) lagged migration inflows. Applying two-step regression techniques to a pool of the 2004/5 and the 2010/11 rounds of the European Social Survey, I find strong support for both occupational and environmental sources of competitive threat and conclude that anti-immigrant sentiments have clear economic foundations.
Commodity Price Behavior With Storage Frictions

We present a competitive storage model of commodity prices featuring frictions that introduce an element of irreversibility into storage decisions. This leads to situations in which speculators do not trade in the spot market even though total storage is positive. As a result the market value of the stored commodity which is determined in the (financial) market for ownership of firms operating storage facilities can diverge from the spot price. Such price separation leads to the existence of an endogenous convenience yield which we show equals the expected excess return on a real option embedded in each unit of the stored commodity. The outputs of our model are consistent with the stylized facts regarding commodity price distributions including serial correlation and GARCH characteristics. Samuelson's hypothesis - that forward prices are less volatile than spot prices - does not hold in general.
Correction of inconsistencies in ECMWF's operational analysis data during de-aliasing of GRACE gravity models

SUMMARY The main objective of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Atmospheric and Oceanic De-Aliasing Level-1B product (AOD1B) is the removal of high-frequency nontidal mass variations due to sub-monthly mass transport in the atmosphere and oceans. Application of AOD1B shall avoid aliasing of these high-frequency signals into monthly gravity models derived from modern gravity missions and shall help to derive consistent orbit solutions for altimetry and Satellite Laser Ranging missions. The AOD1B 6-h series of spherical harmonic coefficients up to degree and order 100 are routinely generated at the German Research Centre for Geoscience and distributed to the GRACE Science Data System and the user community. Inputs for this product are acquired from numerical weather prediction models which are regularly revised and consequently not stable in time. The latest AOD1B release 5 (RL05) is based, as all other releases, on input from ECMWF and does not resolve this problem of discontinuities present in the surface pressure and surface geopotential input data. This might contaminate the gravity field variations derived from atmospheric mass variations. In this paper we present a method to overcome this problem during future AOD1B product generation,aswellastwonewLevel-2products(GAEandGAF)that,overland,fixaposteriori the two jumps present in the already distributed Level-2 RL05 monthly gravity models which were based on AOD1B RL05. The impact of the proposed correction on the variations and long-term trend of the total mass of the atmosphere and on the ice mass balance over Antarctica and over Greenland is also illustrated. We found that the GAE/GAF-corrected trend of the global atmospheric mass over the GRACE mission lifetime significantly decreased from −0.05 to −0.02 mm yr −1 in terms of geoid height. A considerable effect (33 per cent) was also found in the quadratic term of ice mass loss over Antarctica which results in an acceleration of 3.2 Gt yr −1 yr −1 smaller than without applying this correction.
A Parallel Approach to PCA Based Malicious Activity Detection in Distributed Honeypot Data

This paper presents the R-D Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and R-D Minimum Description Length (MDL) for automatically identification of malicious activities in honeypot networks based on state of the art model order selection schemes. Model order selection (MOS) schemes are frequently applied in several signal processing applications, such as RADAR, SONAR, communications, channel modeling, medical imaging, and parameters estimation of dominant multipath components from MIMO channel measurements. The proposal of this paper is a new application for these MOS schemes, which is the identification of the malicious activity in honeypots. The proposed blind automatic techniques are efficient and need neither previous training nor knowledge of attack signatures for detecting malicious activities. In order to achieve such results an innovative approach is considered which models network traffic data as signals and noise allowing the application of signal processing methods. The model order selection schemes are adapted to process network data, showing that the R-D Modified AIC and R-D MDL solve the limitations of other schemes because they can be applied to honeypot networks composed by several computers. The performance of the proposed solution is evaluated using the Probability of Detection (PoD).
PARASITISM OF FRUIT FLIES (TEPHRITIDAE) IN FIELD, AFTER THE RELEASES OF Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (ASHMEAD) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) IN RIO GRANDE DO SUL

Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was introduced in 1994, in Northeastern Brazil, to evaluate its use in biological control programs of fruit flies. However, the effects of this specie on parasitism rates on the population of native parasitoids and fruit flies in Southern Brazil conditions are unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of releases of D. longicaudata on the parasitism rates on loquats, peach trees, strawberry guava trees, and persimmons in an experimental area in the city of Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil. In the first year of the study, fruits were collected and stored in the laboratory to obtain pupae. The flies or parasitoids that emerged were counted and identified. In the second year, adults of D. longicaudata were reared in the laboratory on Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) and larvae were released in the field (1.700 insects/ha) at each harvest time and the parasitism was evaluated in the same manner as in the first year. In the third year, the procedure was the same as the first year, without any releases. A significant increase in the rates of parasitism was recorded in the second year except in the persimmon, in which no parasitoid was recovered in any year. In the second year the number of emerged fruit flies was also lower. In the third year, no D. longicaudata were recorded and parasitism rates of parasitism were statistically similar to those found in the first year. The native parasitoids collected were Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brethes), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti), Doryctobracon brasiliensis (Szepligeti) and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck). These species were found in at least one kind of fruit even in the years after the introduction of the exotic parasitoid, indicating that it was not harmful to these species. We conclude that D. longicaudata can help to reduce the population of fruit flies in Eldorado do Sul region, in Rio Grande do Sul.
Triple oxygen isotopes indicate urbanization affects sources of nitrate in wet and dry atmospheric deposition

Abstract. Atmospheric nitrate deposition resulting from anthropogenic activities negatively affects human and environmental health. Identifying deposited nitrate that is produced locally vs. that originating from long-distance transport would help inform efforts to mitigate such impacts. However, distinguishing the relative transport distances of atmospheric nitrate in urban areas remains a major challenge since it may be produced locally and/or be transported from upwind regions. To address this uncertainty we assessed spatiotemporal variation in monthly weighted-average Δ17O and δ15N values of wet and dry nitrate deposition during one year at urban and rural sites along the western coast of the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido, downwind of the East Asian continent. Δ17O values of nitrate in wet deposition at the urban site mirrored those of wet and dry deposition at the rural site, ranging between ∼ +23 and +31 ‰ with higher values during winter and lower values in summer, which suggests the greater relative importance of oxidation of NO2 by O3 during winter and OH during summer. In contrast, Δ17O values of nitrate in dry deposition at the urban site were lower (+19 – +25 ‰) and displayed less distinct seasonal variation. Furthermore, the difference between δ15N values of nitrate in wet and dry nitrate deposition was, on average, 3 ‰ greater at the urban than rural site, and Δ17O and δ15N values were correlated for both forms of deposition at both sites with the exception of dry deposition at the urban site. These results suggest that, relative to nitrate in wet and dry deposition in rural environments and wet deposition in urban environments, nitrate in dry deposition in urban environments forms from relatively greater oxidation of NO by peroxy radicals and/or oxidation of NO2 by OH. Given greater concentrations of peroxy radicals and OH in cities, these results imply that dry nitrate deposition results from local NOx emissions more so than wet deposition, which is transported longer distances. These results illustrate the value of stable isotope data for distinguishing the transport distances and reaction pathways of atmospheric nitrate pollution.
Lottery Premium in the Taiwan Stock Market

This paper adopts the cross-sectional regression approach of Fama and MacBeth to examine the lottery premium phenomenon in Taiwan. With the inclusion of various risk measures, both systematic and unsystematic, a lottery premium, in the form of a significantly negative relationship between stock returns and a range of pre-specified critical values for stock price, is clearly documented. Moreover, the study shows that the lottery premium differs between the up and down markets, with the most noticeable presence in a beaten down market. Thus, investors are more inclined to gamble when they reach a panicked mood in a declining market than in an uprising market. Also, the premium is higher in the recent past than in the remote past. This finding further suggests that investors’ propensity to gamble has intensified over time.
Magnitude and determinants of stunting in children under-five years of age in food surplus region of Ethiopia: the case of West Gojam Zone.

Background: Child malnutrition is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Surprisingly, the highest level of stunting is found in food surplus areas of the country. Objective: To identify the determinants of stunting in food surplus areas of West Gojam Zone. Method: A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted on 622 mother-child pairs of 0-59 month old children in Mecha and Wenberma Woredas of West Gojam Zone, Northern Ethiopia between May and June 2006. The study investigated the differential impact of demographic and socio-economic factors, health related factors and dietary factors on stunting among under-five children. Both bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis (logistic regression model) were used to identify the determinants of under-five stunting. Results: The analyses revealed that 43.2 (12.0-17.6) 95% CI percent of the children under age five were suffering from chronic malnutrition, 14.8 (39.3-47.1) 95% CI percent were acutely malnourished and 49.2 (45.3-53.1) 95% CI percent were found to be under-weight. The main contributing factors for under-five stunting were found to be sex of the child, child’s age, diarrhea episode, deprivation of colostrum, duration of breastfeeding, pre-lacteal feeds, type of food, age of introduction of complementary feeding and method of feeding. Conclusion: The findings of this study led to the realization that inappropriate feeding practice is the principal risk factor which brought about nutritional deprivation among under-five children in food surplus areas of Ethiopia. Thus, the importance of appropriate feeding during infancy and childhood cannot be overstated even in food surplus areas. The high prevalence of malnutrition in the study area points out the need to revisit the impression held by many people that malnutrition is not a problem in food surplus areas. Development and implementation of preventive policies aimed at addressing child malnutrition should also consider food surplus areas of the country. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2009;23(2):98-106]