Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Total hip replacement the ideal joint for failed osteosynthesis of hip fractures

Introduction: Most proximal femoral fractures are successfully treated with internal fixation but a failed surgery can be very distressing for the patient due to pain and disability. For the treating surgeon it can be a challenge to perform salvage operations. Management of failed internal fixation of proximal hip fractures includes revision osteosynthesis or conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA). Total hip arthroplasty is generally accepted as the most successful salvage procedure for failure of these fixation devices. Conversion of failed hip surgeries to THA is indicated where the bone quality is poor, head is damaged due to previous internal fixation, poor bone stock, or limb shortening. Total hip arthroplasty in these patients may be difficult because of presence of previous implant, poor bone stock, scarred tissues and increased risk of infection. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the short-term followup of functional results of 31 uncemented total hip replacement surgeries for failed osteosynthesis of hip fractures prospectively. Materials and Methods: We had done 31 porous-coated uncemented total hip replacement surgeries in 29 patients for a variety of indications. The patients were reviewed regularly at 1 month interval for first 3 months, then at 6 months, 1 year and periodically thereafter for every 6 months. At the end of this study the patients were called back for review. Patients were reassessed clinically using the Harris hip score. Xrays of the hip were taken and were compared with the initial x-rays for signs of loosening, migration, wear and implant failure. Results: All patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically preoperatively and at various followup periods. In our study, 15 hips showed excellent results, 10 hips showed good results, 3 hips showed fair results and 3 hips showed poor results. In a study performed by Kim YH et al, Seventy-five hips (65%) were excellent, 11 (9%) were good, and 30 (39%) were poor. Conclusion: The uncemented total hip arthroplasty is the best choice of surgery for failed reconstructive surgeries of the proximal femur in individuals with good bone quality. As this is only a short term study, further follow-up and evaluation is essential to come out with a definitive conclusion.
LACTATE CONCENTRATION IN GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLERS BEFORE AND AFTER FINAL MATCHES

The aim of the study was to determine and compare blood lactate levels by the round in which the senior wrestler ended the match in an official national Greco-roman wrestling competition. Materials and method: Study was conducted on 20 male wrestlers, finalists of national competition of Serbia. They were divided into three groups according to the round in which the athlete won the match; G1=8, G2=6 and G3=6. Lactate assessment was provided at two points; after warm-up, and three minutes after final match ended. The two-way ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD statistic were used in order to compare differences between the 3 groups (wrestling who won after the first, second or third round). The level of statistical significant was set at 0.05 Results of lactate values reported between the 3 groups of wrestlers after the warm-up was similar, whereas, after the match, wrestlers who won after the third round showed significantly higher lactate levels compared to athletes who won after the first (7,45 mmol/L; p<0,001) or second round (4,48 mmol/L; p=0,014). Lactates values of wrestlers that won after the first or second round were close to significance (2,97 mmol/L; p=0,06). Conclusion wrestlers that won their match after the third round accumulated higher lactate levels compared to those who won after the first or second round, indicating that these athletes seem to be trained to work at high intensity.
Detecting herbicide-resistant Apera spica-venti with a chlorophyll fluorescence agar test

Linn A.I., Košnarová P., Soukup J., Gerhards R. (2018): Detecting herbicide-resistant Apera spica-venti with a chlorophyll fluorescence agar test. Plant Soil Environ. , 64: 386–392. Reliable tests on herbicide resistance are important for resistance management. Despite well-established greenhouse bioassays, faster and in-season screening methods would aid in more efficient resistance detection. The feasibility of a chlorophyll fluorescence agar-based test on herbicide resistance in Apera spica-venti L. was investigated. Herbicide resistant and sensitive A. spica-venti seedlings were transplanted into agar containing pinoxaden and pyroxsulam herbicides. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was determined 48 h and 72 h after the transplantation to agar, respectively. The Fv/Fm values decreased with increasing herbicide concentration. Dose-response curves and respective ED50 values (herbicide concentration leading to 50% decrease of the Fv/Fm value) were calculated. However, each experiment repetition exhibited different sensitivities of the populations for both herbicides. In certain cases, resistant populations demonstrated similar Fv/Fm values as sensitive populations. Contrary to the findings in Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. , discrimination of sensitive and resistant A. spica-venti populations was not feasible. An increased importance of the assessment time due to the herbicide concentrations calibrated for fast responses was assumed in this study.
KNOWLEDGE OF DIABETIC PATIENTS ABOUT DIABETES AT THE PRIMARY STAGE IN ESKISEHIR, TURKEY

Objective: To define the demographic characteristics of diabetes patients receiving care at the primary stage to establish the number of diabetics with complications. Methodology: Patients who were referred to Eskisehir central village clinics in Turkey were included in the study. A survey was conducted via face-to-face interviews. Four hundred ninety five diabetic patients were referred to the polyclinic within the study period. Results: Majority of the patients had a positive family history, hypertension and obesity. Only 14.5% of the patients were able to check their plasma glucose levels by themselves. None of the patients had HbA1c level results in their follow-up files. In addition, they were unaware of what HbA1c signifies or what it entails. 21.9% of the diabetics developed a complication. Increases in age, positive family history, long duration of diabetes were responsible for the presence of complications. Conclusions: Though the diabetics were attentive to their own controls but very few were able to check their blood sugar levels by themselves at home. Education of diabetics is extremely important to achieve desired blood glucose levels thus ensuring good control and prevent complications.
Customer loyalty and influencing factors : a correlation analysis

The study investigates the relationship between corporate image, trust, switching cost and customer loyalty in the context of a developing country-Bangladesh. Co-relational analyses were employed to test these impacts utilizing a sample of 200 customers. The results show that corporate image, trust and switching cost are all positively related with repurchase intention. Moreover, it has revealed the fact that, there are not only relationships between these independent and dependent variables, but they are also statistically highly significant.
Searching for new meanings of self-regulated learning in e-Learning environments

This study examined the relations of self-regulation, self-efficacy and e-learning strategies in the e-learning environment. The participants were randomly selected 77 adult learners who were enrolled in one of the Korea's Digital Distance Universities. The result showed that ‘time management’ was the most significant predictor on academic achievement; only e-learning strategies significantly predicted academic achievement. In addition, the result indicated that the traditional framework of self-regulation and self-efficacy should not comprehensively deal with e-learning strategies. In summary, the current research results implies that there would be limitations in supporting self-regulation in e-learning environment if we rely on solely the models and schemes based on F2F environment such as Zimmerman & Martinez-pons’ and Pintrich & DeGroot’s.
Promotion of Reading Skills - Challenges in the Vocational Field of Construction Engineering

Up-to-date efforts to promote reading skills in vocational education have had little effect. The motivational attitude of apprentices towards reading is proving to be a challenge. It is clear that a lot of apprentices remain unaware of the importance of reading competence to their professional lives. Accordingly the consequences for effective training concepts to promote reading skills result from a systematic analysis of the professional (training) reality in the vocational field of construction engineering. In such training concepts the discrepancy between pedagogical objectives and the low value ascribed to reading skills by the trainees seems to be the key didactical challenge. Another important conclusion is the conceptual design of recipientand domain-specific promotion of reading skills.
Testing phenomenological and theoretical models of dark matter density profiles with galaxy clusters

We use the stacked gravitational lensing mass profile of four high-mass (M& 10 15 M⊙) galaxy clusters around z ≈ 0.3 from Umetsu et al. (2011) to fit density profiles of phenomeno logical (NFW, Einasto, Sersic, Stadel and Hernquist) and theoretical (non-singular Isothermal Sphere, DARKexp and Kang & He) models of the dark matter distribution. We account for largescale structure effects, including a 2-halo term in the anal ysis. We find that the Stadel model provides the best fit to the data as measured by the reduced χ 2 . It is followed by the generalized NFW profile with a free inner slope and by the Einasto profile. T he NFW model provides the best fit if we neglect the 2-halo term, in agreement with resul ts from Umetsu et al. (2011). Among the theoretical profiles, the DARKexp model with a sing le form parameter has the best performance, almost identical to that of the Stadel pro file. This may indicate a connection between this theoretical model and the phenomenology of dark matter halos, shedding light on the dynamical basis of empirical profiles which emerge fro m numerical simulations.
Good news for conservation: mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA data detect limited genetic signatures of inter-basin fish transfer in Thymallus thymallus (Salmonidae) from the Upper Drava River

In the last few decades, numerous populations of European grayling, Thymallus thymallus , have been suffering from stocking-induced genetic admixture of foreign strains into wild populations. Concordantly, genetic introgression was also reportedfor grayling stocks inhabiting the Upper Drava River, but all published genetic data based on specimens caught at least a decade ago, when stocking load was strong. Here, we applied mitochondrial control region sequencing and nuclear microsatellite genotyping to Upper Drava grayling fry collections and reference samples to update patterns and extent of human-mediated introgression. In contrast to previous data, we highlighted an almost genetic integrity of Drava grayling, evidencing limited genetic signatures of trans-basin stocking for grayling of Northern Alpine Danubian origin. Recent hybridisation was detected only twice among sixty-nine samples, while several cases of later-generation hybrids were disclosed by linking mitochondrial sequence to nuclear genetic data. The observed past, but very limited recent genetic introgression in grayling from Upper Drava seems to reflect shifting stocking trends, changing from massive introduction of trans-basin fish to more conservation-oriented strategies during the last 27 years. In a conservation context, we encourage pursuing the use of local wild grayling for supportive- and captive-breeding, but underline the need for genetic approaches in brood-stock selection programs. Finally, our integrated results from sibship reconstruction validate our strictly fry-based sampling scheme, thus offering a reasonable alternative also for other rheophilic fish species with similar life-history characteristics.
Banking on a Religious Divide: Accounting for the Success of the Netherlands' Raiffeisen Cooperatives in the Crisis of the 1920s

This article investigates the impact of the socioreligious segregation of Dutch society on the asset allocation choices of rural bankers and the withdrawal behavior of their depositors during the early 1920s. Results suggest that cooperatively-owned Raiffeisen banks for both Catholic and Protestant minority groups could limit their exposure to a debt-deflation crisis, despite operating more precarious balance sheets than banks for majorities. Business histories demonstrate how strict membership criteria and personal guarantors acted as screening and monitoring devices. Banks serving minorities functioned as club goods, managing their exposure to the crisis by exploiting the confessionalized nature of Dutch society.
Unbiasedness and market efficiency of crude oil futures markets: A revisit

Extensive researchers have been interested in testing for the joint hypothesis of unbiasedness and market efficiency of crude oil futures markets. Most of them find evidences supporting the hypothesis. However, issues of econometric tests and data constructing methods make previous conclusions unconvincing. Addressing these issues, this paper presents a rigorous test for the joint hypothesis, and a comprehensive analysis by combining both linearity and nonlinearity. Unlike most previous studies, significant serial dependence in the conditional mean of deviations between crude oil futures price and future spot price is found as evidence against the joint hypothesis. This can be well explained by existence of time-varying risk premium which implies costs for hedging in crude oil futures markets. Both linear and nonlinear serial dependence are discovered in the conditional mean of deviations. Therefore, information of past deviations should be utilized to improve the spot price forecasting inherent in futures price. We also find that overlapping data sets tend to incorrectly reject the joint hypothesis.
Why Did I Not Prepare for This? The Politics of Negotiating Fieldwork Access, Identity, and Methodology in Researching Microfinance Institutions

It has been increasingly recognized that undertaking qualitative research can pose many challenges for researchers. However, scanty literature focuses directly on the experiences of doctoral research students from developing countries studying in Western Europe and other similar geographic regions, and the challenges of doing fieldwork when they return “back home. ” In this article, I use my experiences in the process of undertaking PhD fieldwork on two donor-funded microfinance institutions located in Zambia to demonstrate that doctoral students from specific regions (Africa in particular) undertaking research in their native countries can struggle to manage and make sense of the challenges and identity issues raised in their “familiar” environments. I also present a detailed discussion of how various gatekeepers and participants facilitated access, identity alteration, and the impact of insider–outsider positionality on collected data. It is concluded that organizational “politics” and local context can have significant bearing on power relationships, identities of researchers, and methodological preferences.
Informal Financing: An Evidence of Trade-Loan Nexus Between Money Lenders and Borrowers

Using primary survey data of farmers in a major potato producing district of West Bengal state in India, this study provides theoretical and empirical perspectives that trade-loan nexus increases defaults on agricultural loans through high repayment obligations resulting from high interest rates and low income resulting from unfair trade in the local oligopoly and oligopsony markets for inputs and output, respectively. The increased defaults help the money lender to widen her market share in the rural agricultural loan market as the formal sector becomes reluctant to lend in the presence of pervasive defaults. In this study, we revisit the relationship between money lenders and farmers through the age old trade-loan nexus in the presence of formal banking sector and Government sponsored scheme to meet credit needs of farmers. These findings have crucial implications for policies aimed at financial inclusion in the emerging economies context.
A Discriminative Approach for People Detection Using Color Camera for Mobile Robot Platforms

In this paper, we explore a new algorithm to detect people with color cameras based on our modified Implicit Shape Model (ISM) implemented for grey scale thermal images. The idea of this approach is to convert a color image to a grey scale image, invert it to appear like a thermal image, and then apply the same algorithm that we used for people detection in thermal images. As the first step, we use the ISM to define the proposed centers of people locations. Then we utilize a novel method to detect people based on the density of the concentrated proposed centers by using an auto generated threshold mechanism. Our method is easy to implement and does not require complicated computations; thus resulting in a considerable increase in the speed performance and decrease in the cost of the required hardware on mobile platforms. We evaluated our system by testing it on three image sets for indoor and three for outdoor scenarios. Our system showed promising results in detecting people on images taken by different types of color cameras under difficult scenarios. This technique is used as the vision system for a rescue assist mobile robot built at Flinders University. 
The Scope of Anonymous Voluntary Bargaining Under Asymmetric Information

We present a model of anonymous collective bargaining where individuals' preferences and information may be significantly interdependent. We show that the bargaining outcome becomes independent of individuals' preferences and information as the bargaining group increases in size. As a corollary, we show that anonymous voluntary bargaining completely fails in large groups. Either the difference between the bargaining outcome and the status quo vanishes as the size of the group becomes larger, or, the bargaining becomes coercive and results in a violation of at least some individuals' rights. The result provides a rationale for the inherent difficulty of reform in the presence of asymmetric information. "There is nothing more difficult to carry out, nor more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to handle, than to initiate a new order of things. " Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince (1532)
Natural antibodies in paracoccidioidomycosis

Recent attention has been focused on the natural antibodies as a component of natural immunity and as integral part of the idiotypic network. However, their functional role in different infections has rarely been studied. This work was undertaken to investigate the presence of natural antibodies in paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). In addition, we analyzed anti-P. brasiliensis antibodies and their distribution in IgG subclasses in order to acquire better knowledge about the humoral immune response in this mycosis. Our findings show that the natural antibody response is not very much increased in PCM when compared with other parasite infections and this response is restricted to a few specificities, suggesting that P. brasiliensis moderately triggers CD5+ B cells. The anti-actin antibody was the main antibody specificity found in PCM. Specific antibodies to P. brasiliensis were mainly found in the IgG1 subclass in chronic patients of PCM.
Experiments on using hatchery-reared Trochus niloticus juveniles for stock enhancement in Vietnam

The topshell (Trochus niloticus Linnaeus, 1767) is a commercially exploited mollusc that is commonly found on Indo-Pacific coral reefs. One effective method of replenishing natural populations of trochus is artificial breeding and the release of larvae and juveniles into the wild. Artificial breeding has been successful at the Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, in Vietnam. Artificially reared trochus seeds were used for restocking, based on community management at Chao Reef (12°22’39”S; 109°18’18”E). Results on trochus growth rates at different culture densities in cages showed that appropriate densities were: 100 ind m -2 for specimens measuring 10–22 mm in shell diameter, <50 ind m -2 for individuals measuring 25–40 mm and <10 ind m -2 for individuals of 40–50 mm. The latter should be released to the reef for natural development in the wild. Suitable culture sites are coral reefs, with limited wave action, high water transparency, and availability of rubble or rocks covered with algae. Cage culture is the most effective culture method because it is easily managed and cages can protect topshells from waves, wind and predators. The preliminary results presented here are from the first study on this species in Vietnam, thus providing the basis for topshell stock enhancement in this country.
CAA Application for the Feedback Mechanism in Cavity and Jet

Cavity tone and Screech tone are generated due to the feedback between flow and acoustic wave. It is recognized that the period is determined by the time required for the flow convection in one direction, the time required for the acoustic propagation in the other direction and the time for phase shift depending on the flows and mode. But the cause of the phase shift and the phenomena of the mechanism have not been clearly explained so far. In this paper, the phenomena are calculated numerically to obtain detail information of flow and acoustic wave to explain the mechanism including the phase shift. High order high resolution scheme of optimized high order compact is used to resolve the small acoustic quantities and large flow quantities at the same time. Abrupt change in phase of pressure near corner in cavity is observed and is explained. The detail calculation is used for the time required for the feedback and phase problem. It is found that no phase shift is required if we examine the time required carefully. The phase shift is depending on the position of the acoustic source and the mode of the tone. Rossiter’s formula for the cavity tone used for quick explanation of mode from experimental data needs to be reexamined. Screech tone is also calculated with the high order high resolution scheme. The tone is due to the feedback between the flow and acoustic and the numerical results are compared with experimental data for the Mach number of mode change, which shows reasonable agreements. Even limited physical and numerical conditions in calculation because of high order high resolution scheme, the phase problem can be clearly explained for the cavity in the range of laminar cases and the mode change Mach number is reasonably predicted with the inviscid assumption for the axisymmetric supersonic jet.
Constraining the last 7 billion years of galaxy evolution: In semi-analytic models

We investigate the ability of the Croton et al. (2006) semi-analytic model to reproduce the evolution of observed galaxies across the final 7 billion years of cosmic history. Using Monte-Carlo Markov Chain techniques we explore the available parameter space to produce a model which attempts to achieve a statistically accurate fit to the observed stellar mass function at z=0 and z~0.8, as well as the local black hole-bulge relation. We find that in order to be successful we are required to push supernova feedback efficiencies to extreme limits which are, in some cases, unjustified by current observations. This leads us to the conclusion that the current model may be incomplete. Using the posterior probability distributions provided by our fitting, as well as the qualitative details of our produced stellar mass functions, we suggest that any future model improvements must act to preferentially bolster star formation efficiency in the most massive halos at high redshift.