Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hospitalizações entre crianças e adolescentes no território de abrangência de um serviço de Atenção Primária à saúde

The hospitalization of a child, in addition to bringing about major family distress, is a costly event for the health system. Besides, it can often be avoided on an outpatient care basis. The aim of this study was to identify the percentage of hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive (ACS) conditions, i.e. those for which effective and timely care can avoid hospital admission. We investigated 3.329 hospitalizations of patients under 19 years of age, occurred between 2001 and 2004 in four hospitals of the Brazilian Health System (SUS), the main references for a population of areas astricted to a primary care service (PCS). The hospitalizations in this population were identified using the hospital information system of the GHC (Grupo Hospitalar Conceicao). Univariate and multivariate analysis were employed to verify associations between independent variables and the occurrence of admissions for ACS conditions. A hospitalization rate of 2.9% was found for the studied age group. Respiratory system disorders were the leading cause of admission (36%), followed by perinatal diseases (14%), infectious and parasitic diseases (10%), disorders of the digestive system (9%), and external causes (6%). Readmission accounted for 16% of the total admissions. The hospitalization rate for ACS conditions was 35.6%, ranging from 25% to 43% across the Health Care Centers of the PCS. The variables associated with higher occurrence of hospitalizations for this reason were: age between 1 and 4 years (p<0.01); having gone straight to the hospital because the Unit was closed (p=0.04); and having gone straight to the hospital due to the severity of the case (p=0.03). The study points to the need for a better monitoring of hospitalizations for ACS conditions - occurring more frequently in the winter months and involving children from 1 to 9 years of age for being more vulnerable to respiratory diseases - and of the number of readmissions, which did not decrease over the last four years.
Hepatoprotective effect of tualang honey supplementation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Summary: Hepatic dysfunction such as elevations of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase is associated with diabetes. We investigated the hepatoprotective effect of Malaysian tualang honey in streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg; ip)-induced diabetic rats by measuring serum AST, ALT and ALP activities. Non-diabetic and diabetic rats were administered distilled water or tualang honey orally for four weeks. Serum AST, ALP and ALT activities were significantly (p < 0.01) elevated in diabetic control rats. Tualang honey significantly (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) reduced AST, ALT and ALP activities in diabetic rats. These results suggest that tualang honey may produce hepatoprotective effect in diabetic rats. Industrial relevance: Natural products are generally recognized for their enriched chemical and bioactive constituents which are the main contributors of their biological activities or therapeutic effects. This study provides evidence for hepatoprotective effect of tualang honey in diabetic rats. Considering the increasing prevalence of liver related disorders, most of which are secondary effects of exogenously ingested/administered substances, these results suggest that tualang honey may be effective in the treatment of hepatic damage or perhaps co-administered with other therapeutic agents to minimize their side effects.
OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS FROM LUBARTÓW INCLUDING NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

The percentage of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity problem is higher inPolandthan in other European countries, and for this reason, this group ought to be covered by educational actions in order for them to cause changes in their current lifestyle. The aim of the study was to present the scale of overweight and obesity, and knowledge of the principles of nutrition, dietary behaviors and physical activity in daily life of middle school students from Lubartow. The study was conducted on a group of 100 Lubartow students in grades I-III, aged 13-15 years. The applied method of research was diagnostic survey and authorial interview questionnaire was the main tool. 11.3% of researched girls were found to be overweight and obesity was confirmed for 7.5% of all respondents. Most overweight boys and boys with obesity were 15 years of age. Respondents declared knowledge of the principles of nutrition, more frequently girls with abnormal body weight than boys. Youngsters tend to eat what they like, wile they rarely draw attention to the fact whether the product is healthy. Five meals a day were consumed by a total of 30% of students and 44.0% of the students always ate breakfast. It has been shown that 59.1% of adolescents with abnormal body weight were dissatisfied with their performance. Based on the results the following conclusions were drawn up: 1 Obesity occurs in 7.50% of girls and 8.50% of boys of the middle school in Lubartow. 2 Youth knows the principles of nutrition, but does not always select the healthy products, eats inappropriately, eats snacks between meals. 3 Middle school students rarely eat vegetables, fruits and dairy products. 4 Hereditary phenomenon of obesity was observed in subjects with abnormal body weight. 5 Youth is not physically active, they spend their free time in a passive way. 6 Overweight / obesity determine a negative social assessment by peers.
Detection of Silent Ischemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions and constitutes a major public health problem. Diabetes mellitus affects an estimated 171 million people worldwide in 2000 and this number is projected to double to 366 million by 2030 (Wild et al., 2004). Silent myocardial ischemia is common in diabetic patients and may delay or mask the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, particularly in its early stages.
Older people, food and satisfaction with life

Dietary intake and nutritional status not only play a major role in the overall quality of health of older people but also have impact on their satisfaction with life (Sahyoun, 1999, Vailas et al., 1998). Silverman et al. (2002) argue that the type of food eaten and the social cultural context all make significant contributions to older people’s satisfaction with their quality of life. Investigating satisfaction with food-related life of older people has high significance for several reasons. Firstly, food and energy intake tend to decrease with ageing for a number of both physiological and practical reasons including reduced activity (immobility), reduced muscle tissue, a lower resting metabolic rate and smaller meals (Macintosch et al., 2000; Prinsley & Sandstead, 1990). This reduced energy intake, also known as “anorexia of aging”, is a potential health risk because, although food intake is reduced with age, the need for most nutrients does not decrease with age. Secondly, ageing affects the ability to taste and smell. Also seniors are less sensitive to all the basic tastes and particularly smells. Both the ability to detect tastes and smells and their intensity declines with age and it has been suggested (Rolls, 1999; Westenhoefer, 2005) that sensory losses accompanying aging may even be partly responsible for the reduced intake of foods (see chapter XXX). Further as people get older their living circumstances may alter. For example, as people retire their level of income may reduce and their social network may also diminish. As health fails, access to shops and amenities may become a problem. As people loose their living companions due to death of spouse or children leaving home, cooking arrangements may change. All these factors compound as people get older, affecting older people’s relationship with food and in turn their satisfaction with food-related life. By identifying which factors are important and what can be altered, it may be possible to increase older people’s satisfaction with food and in turn contribute to a better quality of life. This chapter looks at food related satisfaction with life of older people, identifying some of the determinants and barriers to satisfaction with food related quality of life, and discusses
DO STUDENTS AT JERASH UNIVERSITY USE NEW TECHNOLOGIES

This study aimed to identify that whether students at Jerash University are using new technologies or no. To achieve this goal, qualitative analysis face to face interviews were conducted with s selected sample. The sample of the study consisted of (35) students who were randomly chosen from the faculty of educational science in the academic year 2010-2011. The semi structured interview was developed in order to obtain profound knowledge and more details. The results of the study showed that students at Jerash University use new technology moderately for educational research purposes. The results of the study also revealed data show, personal computer, laptops, interactive boards and internet were broadly used. Finally, the study recommended that the necessity to update technologies at Jerash University and holding some training courses could improve the using of new technologies by the students.
Strategies for Aging Well

AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ARE A RESULT OF THE SINGULAR AND INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AS WELL AS NORMAL TIME EFFECTS, DISUSE OR PHYSICAL INACTIVITY, AND DISEASE. ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR AGING WELL, EXTENDING LIFE EXPECTANCY AND QUALITY OF LIFE, IS TO ADOPT AND MAINTAIN A REGULAR EXERCISE PROGRAM THAT INCLUDES AEROBIC EXERCISE, RESISTANCE TRAINING WITH POWER TRAINING INCORPORATED, FLEXIBILITY EXERCISES, AND BALANCE TRAINING. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES AGING DEMOGRAPHICS, DEFINITIONS AND THEORIES, AND RECENT RESEARCH RELATED TO EXERCISE NEEDED TO MAINTAIN OR IMPROVE MUSCULAR FITNESS, FUNCTION, AND QUALITY OF LIFE WITH AGING.
Targeting the mTOR signalling pathway for prevention and therapy of tuberous sclerosis in mouse models

Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterised by the development of benign tumours in multiple organs. It is caused by mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 tumour suppressor gene, leading to hyperactivation of mTOR signalling in affected tissues. Rapamycin and its analogues are mTOR inhibitors and have been used to treat tuberous sclerosis in both pre-clinical and clinical trials. However, tumours usually relapse after drug withdrawal. The aims of this project were to identify novel agents and strategies for prevention and therapy of tuberous sclerosis using mouse models. First T2 weighted MRI was evaluated for assessment of renal lesions in Tsc1+/- and Tsc2+/- mouse models. MRI identified all types of Tsc-associated renal lesions in both Tsc mouse models. The smallest detectable lesions were <0.1 mm3. Eighty five percent of all renal lesions detected in a first scan at 12 months of age were re-identified in a second scan 2 months later. Between the two scans, MRI revealed a significant increase in the total number and volume of lesions in 9 untreated mice. Compared to histological analysis, MRI detected most cysts and papillary tumours (64%) but only a minority of solid tumours (30%). Metformin is a mild inhibitor of mTOR. The therapeutic effect of metformin on renal lesions in Tsc1+/- mice was investigated using T2 weighted MRI and histological analysis. Metformin treatment for 9 months had no significant effect on renal lesions in these mice. Finally, the preventive effects on renal lesions in Tsc2+/- mice of rapamycin, metformin or both agents in combination were assessed using histological analysis. Treatment started from one month of age and continued for 7 to 9 months. Rapamycin or rapamycin plus metformin but not metformin alone effectively blocked the development of renal lesions including cysts, adenomas and carcinomas through the inhibition of mTOR signalling. These findings suggest that mTOR inhibition may be an effective strategy for preventing emergence of disease manifestations in tuberous sclerosis.
Comparison of clonidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing caesarian section

Background Fentanyl and clonidine both prolong sensory and motor block of spinal anaesthesia and duration of postoperative analgesia when used as an adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine. Lack of studies that directly compare them regarding their efficacy prompted us to compare both drugs as an adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing caesarian section . Methods and Material In a prospective, randomized, study forty parturients between 18 to 35 years of age, of ASA grade I or II, awaiting caesarian section were randomly distributed into two equal groups. Patients were given 2.0 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% with either 60μg of clonidine or 25μg of fentanyl intrathecally. Duration of effective analgesia (primary outcome measure ), onset peak and duration of sensory and motor blockade, level of sedation, maternal haemodynamic parameters and foetal parameters (secondary outcome measures)were compared. Results Both groups were comparable with respect to demographic profile, onset, peak and duration of sensory and motor block and overall haemodynamic stability. Duration of analgesia was significantly higher in bupivacaine with clonidine 60μg group (BC60 group) than in bupivacaine with fentanyl 25μg group (BF25 group). Sedation was more prevalent in BC60 group. Conclusion Intrathecal addition of 25μg fentanyl to bupivacaine provides good analgesia with less sedation and is a better option when sedation is not desirable. However intrathecal addition of 60μg clonidine to bupivacaine provides longer duration of postoperative analgesia than 25μg of fentanyl and is a preferred option when sedation is acceptable or required. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/slja.v22i1. 6158
Grabb's Encyclopedia of Flaps

Still the most comprehensive reference available on surgical flaps, this classic two volume text has combine content from three previous volumes into two and remains your go-to source for practical, authoritative guidance on achieving the best possible outcomes for your patients. The thoroughly revised 4th Edition features an all-new, full-color format that greatly enhances its visual appeal and usefulness in your everyday practice. Dozens of internationally recognized experts describe every clinical proven flap option available for repairing both routine and unusual problems, lavishly illustrated with clinical photographs and diagrams of anatomy, blood supply, flap design, and operative procedures. Extensively indexed and organized by anatomic region, chapters follow a logical format that clearly presents all the information you need to know: indications, anatomy, blood supply, surgical techniques, complications, safeguards to keep in mind, and advantages and disadvantages of each flap. This comprehensive, clinically relevant information allows you to select the best flaps for safe, predictable, and aesthetically desirable results for every patient. Key Features * The most current, complete, and relevant reference available to date in the fast-changing field of plastic and reconstructive surgery. * A new full-color design throughout, with redrawn illustrations, color figures, and vibrant clinical photographs, enhances the clinical usefulness of the text. *Thirty three new chapters cover recent developments in the field, includingsupraclavicular artery island flap, fat grafting for breast reconstruction revision, , split gluteal muscle flap for autoprosthesis buttock augmentation, flaps, and . *Updated content on innovative perforator flaps that have led to more versatile flap designs in nearly all areas of the body, with the added benefit of limiting donor site morbidity and expanded applications of "propeller" flaps. * Chapters on less commonly used flaps moved online to preserve the encyclopedic scope of the reference, yet also maintain a manageable size in the print edition. *Clinically useful editorial comments throughout that reflect the four editors' more than 100 years of collective experience.Now with the print edition, enjoy the bundled interactive eBook edition, which can be downloaded to your tablet and smartphone or accessed online and includes features like:*Complete content with enhanced navigation*Powerful search tools and smart navigation cross-links that pull results from content in the book, your notes, and even the web*Cross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigation*Highlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the text* Ability to take and share notes with friends and colleagues*Quick reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use
A Critical Analysis of Diet Diversity among Infants and Young Children Aged 6-24 Months

Infancy is referred from birth to approximately 2 years of age. Young children are typically referred to infants at first year of life. Optimal feeding practices for infants and young children are necessary for nutritional status, growth, development and health. Breast milk is an important component for growth and development by providing required nutrients that serve the unique needs of the human infants such as poly unsaturated fatty acids, certain milk proteins and iron in readily absorbable form. It also contains immunological and bioactive substances, which is absent from commercial infant formulas, which also confer protection from bacterial and viral infection and aids in gut adaptation and development of infants (WHO/UNICEF, 1998).
Relating information needs to the cancer experience: 1. Information as a key coping strategy.

: Information-seeking behaviour is a strategy that many people use as a means of coping with, and reducing stress, throughout their cancer experience. The importance of providing information to people with cancer and many of the problems encountered with its provision have been well documented. Individuals frequently express dissatisfaction with the information given to them and experience difficulty in retaining and processing information. Lack of information may well lead to increased problems with anxiety and coping. This paper reviews and explores the literature associated with the information needs of people with cancer and the use of information as a coping strategy. The review forms part of a phenomenological study, conducted to explore the important issues for people with cancer that arose out of their cancer experience. Much of the literature discusses information-giving from the viewpoint of healthcare professionals rather than from the viewpoint of users and concentrates solely on information needs relating to the disease and its medical treatment. There is scant reference to the need for information on other issues such as available financial and community resources, or coping strategies.
USING OF SOME DIFFERENT ACIDS IN DE-BITTERING OF GREEN OLIVES

The efficacy of different debittering treatments on table picual olive characteristics was evaluated. The treatments included : soaking in acetic acid solutions (1, 0.5 and 0.25 N), soaking in hydrochloric acid solutions (1, 0.5 and 0.25 N) and soaking in lactic acid solutions (1, 0.5 and 0.25 N), in comparison with lye and traditional treatments. The obtained results demonstrated obviously that, all acid treatments (acetic, hydrochloric and lactic) had noticeable effects on polyphenol removing when compared with traditional and lye treatments. The highest effect was recorded for 1N hydrochloric acid treatment, which removed about 69.9 % of total polyphenols in end product, leading that to improve the sensory parameters of end product. On the other hand, using of these acids in debittering of table olive does not need any washing process like lye treatment, leading that to safe large quantities of clean water.
Nutritional assessment of the critically ill patient

Abstract Nutritional status screening, assessment and monitoring is essential in the critically ill patient to reduce morbidity and mortality and to decrease hospitalisation costs. We in South Africa should establish where we are in terms of hospital-acquired malnutrition, perform a gap analysis and define a strategy to correct our shortcomings. We need to set a mission and vision for where we want to be. Elements to be addressed will include promoting a greater awareness of the negative consequences of existing and acquired malnutrition in the critically ill patient introducing an appropriate screening tool(s) based on our local patient demographics and financial resources, and sensitise the relevant role players. Adequate nutrition is a vital part of successful treatment, and should be sold as such.
Range of movement of the great toe in men

1. The range of variation in the movements at the metatarso-phalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the big toe in fifty males has been investigated by means of lateral radiographs. 2. In the "neutral" position the proximal phalanx is dorsiflexed on the metatarsal and the distal phalanx dorsiflexed on the proximal. Sometimes the distal phalanx is plantar flexed on the proximal but this is not associated with any obvious abnormality of function. 3. There is a wide variation between individuals in the amount of movement found at these joints. 4. At the metatarso-phalangeal joint dorsiflexion is much more free than plantar flexion. The opposite is the case at the interphalangeal joint. 5. There is no significant difference between the right and left sides. Only in plantar flexion at both joints are there significant reductions in the range of movement in older age groups. These reductions are not functionally important. 6. There is an inverse relationship between active and passive dorsiflexion: the greater the range of active dorsiflexion, the less is the range of additional passive dorsiflexion. 7. In lateral radiographs the head of the metatarsal is always rounded.
A comparison of the cough and standing urethral pressure profile in the diagnosis of stress incontinence

Controversy over the accuracy of the urethral pressure profile (UPP) and its role in the diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is unresolved. Different UPP methods and techniques have been introduced. In this study, we examined 78 female patients with mixed symptoms of stress and urge incontinence. Each had a history, physical examination, cystoscopy, and urodynamic assessment, which consisted of a cystometrogram (CMG), UPP (supine and standing), and “cough profile” by the Brown and Wickham (BW) method and also UPP (supine) and “cough profile” with the microtip transducer (MTT). The final diagnosis in 38 patients was SUI (group I) and in 40 patients, no SUI (group II). The maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) supine and standing was significantly lower in group I, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the transmission index (TI) of the “cough profile. ” MUCP standing showed the least overlap between the two groups, and with a cutoff point at 40 cm H2O, the overall diagnostic accuracy was 69%, with 39% sensitivity and 98% specificity. By combining MUCP supine and standing and using cutoff points at 40 cm H2O and 35 cm H2O, respectively, the overall diagnostic accuracy was 72%, with 47% sensitivity and 95% specificity. We believe that the UPP is a useful ancillary tool in the assessment of complicated cases of urinary incontinence in the female.