Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospective assessment of pregnancy intentions using a single- versus a multi-item measure.

CONTEXT Traditional measures of pregnancy intentions that are dichotomous and retrospective do not fully capture the complexity surrounding women's plans to become pregnant. METHODS During January-June 2008, 249 women aged 15-44 awaiting pregnancy test results at family planning clinics in Pittsburgh completed a survey containing both single- and multi-item measures of pregnancy intentions. Chi-square analyses were used to assess differences between subgroups of women. RESULTS Few women were trying to become or planning for pregnancy (11% on the single-item measure; 20% on the multi-item measure), while approximately one-third of the sample were not trying to become or planning for pregnancy (31% on the single-item and 36% on the multi-item measure). The single-item measure categorized more women as ambivalent about pregnancy (58%) than did the multi-item measure (44%). Of women categorized as ambivalent by the single-item measure, 62% were also categorized as ambivalent by the multi-item measure. Overall, 68% of responses to the two measures were concordant. With both measures, women who were not planning or trying for pregnancy were more likely than those who were planning for pregnancy or who were ambivalent to indicate that they planned to have an abortion if their test was positive (27-29% vs. 0-2%). CONCLUSIONS Prospective assessment of pregnancy intention with either a single- or a multi-item measure may allow for a more nuanced assessment of pregnancy intention than current measures. The multi-item measure may reduce the number of women categorized as ambivalent and aid the development of targeted contraceptive and preconception counseling interventions.
Help or Hindrance?

Nonprofit organizations are increasingly required to be accountable to their stakeholders. There is, however, limited empirical research that examines how nonprofits are evaluated. This paper considers the emerging issue of performance measurement in nonprofit organizations by focusing on the UK nonprofit sector. The study finds that performance measurement is used primarily, and almost exclusively, to monitor and assess the use of funds. Contrary to the concepts of performance measurement and management, limited attention is given to supporting the continuous improvement of the UK third sector. The study finds that resource-intensive measurement processes, funder-focused measurement criteria, and an inconsistent use of terminology are detracting from the use of performance measurement as an improvement tool for nonprofit organizations. The paper questions the usefulness of current performance measurement practices to a sector that is characterized by scarce resources and relies on the goodwill of volunteering.
Factors Affecting Spinnability of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber Cellulose Solution for the Production of Microfiber

Cellulose microfiber (MF) formation by electrospinning is affected by several factors. In this paper, fabrication of MF from oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF), a biomass residue abundantly available at the palm oil mill, was conducted by electrospinning. The effect of OPMF-cellulose solution properties on the spinnability of the solution was determined. Extracted cellulose from OPMF was dissolved in four different formulations of ionic liquids: (i) ([EMIM]Cl), (ii) ([EMIM][Cl):DMF, (iii) ([EMIM]Cl):([C10MIM][Cl]), and (iv) ([EMIM]Cl):([C10MIM][Cl]):DMF at cellulose concentrations of 1% to 9% (w/v). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that MF formed had diameter sizes ranging from 200 to 500 nm. MF was formed only at 6% (w/v) cellulose concentration, when DMF was mixed in the solution. The results showed that cellulose concentration and viscosity played major roles in the spinnability of cellulose solution, in which too high viscosity of the cellulose solution caused failure of the electrospinning process and eventually affected the formation of MF. The characteristics of MF obtained herein suggest the potential of OPMF cellulose as a starting material for the production of MF.
The New Private Sector in the Russian Labour Market

ACCORDING TO THE DOMINANT MODEL of the transition to a market economy, the leading role in transition should be played by the new private sector as entrepreneurs seize on the new opportunities opened up by the collapse of the old system. As the engine of economic growth, the new private sector should have been the creator of new jobs and employment opportunities for those displaced from traditional state enterprises and organisations. The policy and practice of new private sector employers in the Russian labour market would in this case be a critical determinant of the
Life after loss: Parent bereavement and coping experiences after infant death in the neonatal intensive care unit

Abstract The death of an infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a profound and unexpected loss for parents that results in a complex process of coping with bereavement. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to explore parent bereavement and coping experiences after infant death in the NICU. The dual process model of coping with bereavement was used as a conceptual framework to help understand how parents cope with grief after infant death. Living with infant death was a process that resulted in major life changes and a process of oscillating among various coping strategies.
Impact of benznidazole treatment on the functional response of Trypanosoma cruzi antigen-specific CD4+CD8+ T cells in chronic Chagas disease patients

Background Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The persistence of the parasite is associated with the disease chronicity and the impairment of the cellular immune response. It has been reported that the CD4+CD8+ T cell population expands in chronic Chagas disease patients. Few studies have focused on this subset of cells, and very little is known about the impact of antiparasitic treatment on this population. Methodology Thirty-eight chronic Chagas disease patients (20 asymptomatic and 18 symptomatic) and twelve healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with soluble T. cruzi antigens to analyze the production of cytokines and cytotoxic molecules by CD4+CD8+ T cells before and after benznidazole treatment. Additionally, expression and co-expression of five inhibitory receptors in these patients after treatment were studied using a multiparameter flow cytometry technique. Principal findings The frequency of CD4+CD8+ T cells was higher in chronic Chagas disease patients compared with healthy donors. Furthermore, a higher ratio of CD4+CD8low/CD4+CD8high subpopulations was observed in chronic Chagas disease patients than in healthy donors. Additionally, CD4+CD8+ T cells from these patients expressed and co-expressed higher levels of inhibitory receptors in direct proportion to the severity of the pathology. Benznidazole treatment reduced the frequency of CD4+CD8+ T cells and decreased the ratio of CD4+CD8low/CD4+CD8high subpopulations. The co-expression level of the inhibitory receptor was reduced after treatment simultaneously with the enhancement of the multifunctional capacity of CD4+CD8+ T cells. After treatment, an increase in the frequency of T. cruzi antigen-specific CD4+CD8+ T cells expressing IL-2 and TNF-α was also observed. Conclusions CD4+CD8+ T cells could play an important role in the control of T. cruzi infection since they were able to produce effector molecules for parasite control. Benznidazole treatment partially reversed the exhaustion process caused by T. cruzi infection in these cells with an improvement in the functional response of the T. cruzi antigen-specific CD4+CD8+ T cells.
Static compression of iron-silicon alloys: Implications for silicon in the Earth's core

lower the density of iron, but significantly changes its compressibility neither in the bcc phase, nor at high pressures in the hcp phase. Upon comparison with the Preliminary Reference Earth Model, the calculated equations of state (EOS) of hcp-Fe85Si15, using the Mie-Gruneisen EOS, indicate that an outer core containing about 8-10 wt. % Si and inner core containing about 4 wt. % Si in iron would satisfy the seismological constraints. Addition of silicon into iron increases the bulk sound velocity of iron, consistent with silicon being a light element in the Earth's core. INDEX TERMS: 1015 Geochemistry: Composition of the core; 3919 Mineral Physics: Equations of state; 3924 Mineral Physics: High-pressure behavior; 3954 Mineral Physics: X ray, neutron, and electron spectroscopy and diffraction; KEYWORDS: high pressure, light elements, iron-silicon alloy, Earth's core, X-ray diffraction, equation of state
Proximal Versus Distal Continuous Adductor Canal Blocks: Does Varying Perineural Catheter Location Influence Analgesia? A Randomized, Subject-Masked, Controlled Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND: A continuous adductor canal block provides analgesia after surgical procedures of the knee. Recent neuroanatomic descriptions of the thigh and knee led us to speculate that local anesthetic deposited in the distal thigh close to the adductor hiatus would provide superior analgesia compared to a more proximal catheter location. We therefore tested the hypothesis that during a continuous adductor canal nerve block, postoperative analgesia would be improved by placing the perineural catheter tip 2–3 cm cephalad to where the femoral artery descends posteriorly to the adductor hiatus (distal location) compared to a more proximal location at the midpoint between the anterior superior iliac spine and the superior border of the patella (proximal location). METHODS: Preoperatively, subjects undergoing total knee arthroplasty received an ultrasound-guided perineural catheter inserted either in the proximal or distal location within the adductor canal in a randomized, subject-masked fashion. Subjects received a single injection of lidocaine 2% via the catheter preoperatively, followed by an infusion of ropivacaine 0.2% (8 mL/h basal, 4 mL bolus, 30 minutes lockout) for the study duration. After joint closure, the surgeon infiltrated the entire joint using 30 mL of ropivacaine (0.5%), ketorolac (30 mg), epinephrine (5 &mgr;g/mL), and tranexamic acid (2 g). The primary end point was the median level of pain as measured on a numeric rating scale (NRS) during the time period of 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM the day after surgery. RESULTS: For the primary end point, the NRS of subjects with a catheter inserted at the proximal location (n = 24) was a median (10th, 25th–75th, 90th quartiles) of 0.5 (0.0, 0.0–3.2, 5.0) vs 3.0 (0.0, 2.0–5.4, 7.8) for subjects with a catheter inserted in the distal location (n = 26; P = .011). Median and maximum NRSs were lower in the proximal group at all other time points, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. There were no clinically relevant or statistically significant differences between the treatment groups for any other secondary end point, including opioid consumption and ambulation distance. CONCLUSIONS: For continuous adductor canal blocks accompanied by intraoperative periarticular local anesthetic infiltration, analgesia the day after knee arthroplasty is improved with a catheter inserted at the level of the midpoint between the anterior superior iliac spine and the superior border of the patella compared with a more distal insertion closer to the adductor hiatus.
Moving beyond case studies: applying social network analysis to study learning-as-participation

We argue that social network analysis is a useful methodology to study and to extend scholarly knowledge on learning through legitimate peripheral participation in communities of practice. We first review work on legitimate peripheral participation and show that research on this topic currently focusses on the adoption of practices. Then we describe the theoretical and methodological foundations of social network analysis and suggest a new perspective on legitimate peripheral participation, focussing on the increasing relations of newcomers in communities of practice. We present examples of studies that use social network analysis to study legitimate peripheral participation. We conclude that social network analysis can enable us to make inferences about legitimate peripheral participation across specific settings and communities. For the future, the challenge is to advance this methodology to relate dynamically changing patterns of legitimate peripheral participation to emerging and changing epistemic practices of a community.
Well-being and performance: measurement issues for HRM research

The more recent focus on the link between HRM practice and organisational systems has been on the potential benefits of mutuality in employment relationships. The key to this notion of mutuality is the connection between worker well-being and performance. Although a common area of study for psychology, this relationship has received limited attention from HRM scholars. However, these initial endeavours have raised some concerns about measurement. First, there appears little consensus about which particular facet of well-being is most crucial to determining performance and, second, concern has been expressed over the validity of the different approaches taken to assessing performance. Our study addresses these issues by exploring the relationships between three different measures of well-being and two different measures of performance amongst a student cohort. Results show that life satisfaction shares a significant, positive relationship with objective performance ratings, while attentiveness, a facet of positive affect, shares a significant positive relationship with subjective performance. We explore the reasons why these different facets of well-being might be related to our different performance assessments and then, in giving consideration to these findings, discuss their implications for the measurement of well-being and of performance in workplace studies.
Shear Bond Strength of Two-Layered Hardwood Strips Bonded with Polyvinyl Acetate and Polyurethane Adhesives

This article deals with the effects of various parameters on the shear bond strength (SBS) of glued wood. A four-factor analysis showed that the combination of only non-densified wood pieces achieves higher shear bond strength values than densified ones. In this case, only the piece combination was a significant factor. The other factors (glue type, wood species, and number of loading cycles) had no significant effect. Although the differences were not large, a higher SBS was achieved in beech wood glued with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) glue. Glued wood consisting of the combination of densified and non-densified pieces had slightly lower SBS values. In this case, all the factors were statistically significant. Beech wood had a more significant impact on the SBS than aspen wood. The effect of the type of glue showed an opposite trend than that in the previous variant, i.e., a higher SBS was achieved with polyurethane (PUR) glue. Wood subjected to cyclic loading had slightly higher SBS values than non-cyclically loaded wood. The degree of densification had no significant effect. Glued wood composed entirely of densified pieces showed greater SBS variation between versions.
What Makes a Good Criminal Justice Professor? A Quantitative Analysis of Student Evaluation Forms

The goal of this research is to understand how students define teaching effectiveness. By using multivariate regression analysis of 8,000+ student evaluations of teaching compiled by a School of Criminal Justice at a Midwestern public university, this paper explores the relationships between individual indicators of instructor performance (e.g. clarity of the instructor, concern for student progress etc.), and overall impressions of instructor quality. Further consideration is given to factors like basic student characteristics (e.g. academic status), basic course characteristics (e.g. whether the course is a research methods class), basic instructor characteristics (e.g. instructor gender), and the expected grade in the class. Results indicate that the individual instructor performance items are the most important indicators of overall perceived quality. Other factors do matter, but their influence is statistically weaker. Interestingly, once the individual instructor performance items are controlled, the effect of perceived grade is rendered statistically insignificant.
Risks Associated With In-Vehicle Technology Use While Driving

This report reviews the recent literature on the effects of in-vehicle and portable devices on driving performance and crash risk, including what features and characteristics of these devices pose the greatest crash risk. The review focuses on in-vehicle VDUs and mobile phones, particularly the emerging, multi-function features of these technologies such as navigation/congestion systems, MP3 players and internet/email. The aim of the review is to examine what new research has been conducted in this area since 2007 and discuss what additional information (if any) this new research provides. Topics covered in the report include the effects of technology-related distraction on driver performance and crash risk, as well as the frequency of driver engagement with these technologies. Also discussed are the various strategies being employed to reduce the negative impact of in-vehicle devices on safety, including device placement, methods for interacting with systems and current international distraction policy discussions and directions. The review concludes with a discussion of key knowledge gaps.
Efficient and Expressive Keyword Search Over Encrypted Data in Cloud

Searchable encryption allows a cloud server to conduct keyword search over encrypted data on behalf of the data users without learning the underlying plaintexts. However, most existing searchable encryption schemes only support single or conjunctive keyword search, while a few other schemes that are able to perform expressive keyword search are computationally inefficient since they are built from bilinear pairings over the composite-order groups. In this paper, we propose an expressive public-key searchable encryption scheme in the prime-order groups, which allows keyword search policies (i.e., predicates, access structures) to be expressed in conjunctive, disjunctive or any monotonic Boolean formulas and achieves significant performance improvement over existing schemes. We formally define its security, and prove that it is selectively secure in the standard model. Also, we implement the proposed scheme using a rapid prototyping tool called Charm [37] , and conduct several experiments to evaluate it performance. The results demonstrate that our scheme is much more efficient than the ones built over the composite-order groups.
Report on the 11th IWSLT evaluation campaign

The paper overviews the 11th evaluation campaign organized by the IWSLT workshop. The 2014 evaluation offered multiple tracks on lecture transcription and translation based on the TED Talks corpus. In particular, this year IWSLT included three automatic speech recognition tracks, on English, German and Italian, ﬁve speech translation tracks, from English to French, English to German, German to English, English to Italian, and Italian to English, and ﬁve text translation track, also from English to French, English to German, German to English, English to Italian, and Italian to English. In addition to the ofﬁcial tracks, speech and text translation optional tracks were offered, globally involving 12 other languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese (B), Hebrew, Chinese, Polish, Persian, Slovenian, Turkish, Dutch, Romanian, Russian. Overall, 21 teams participated in the evaluation, for a total of 76 primary runs submitted. Participants were also asked to submit runs on the 2013 test set (progress test set), in order to measure the progress of systems with respect to the previous year. All runs were evaluated with objective metrics, and submissions for two of the ofﬁcial text translation tracks were also evaluated with human post-editing.
Endo-/Epicardial Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Feasibility, Outcome, and Insights Into Arrhythmia Mechanisms

Background: Until today, catheter interventional mapping and ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been limited to the right and left atrial endocardium. We report feasibility, electrophysiological findings, and clinical outcome using a combined endo-/epicardial catheter approach for mapping and ablation of AF. Methods and Results: Fifty-nine patients with permanence of pulmonary vein isolation and further symptomatic recurrences of paroxysmal AF, persistent AF, or atrial tachycardia underwent reablation using biatrial endo-/epicardial mapping and ablation. Identification of arrhythmia substrates and selection of ablation strategy were based on sinus rhythm voltage mapping. Using continuous monitoring and a 3-month blanking period, freedom from AF/atrial tachycardia ≥2 minutes was defined as primary end point. In all patients, endo-/epicardial mapping and ablation was feasible using standard technologies of catheter access, 3-dimensional mapping, and radiofrequency ablation. Epicardial mapping and ablation did not add procedural risks. Exclusively epicardial low voltage substrates were found in 14% of the patients. For the first time, novel epicardial conduction abnormalities located in the epicardial fiber network were described in human AF patients (19% of the cohort). Epicardial ablation was needed in 80% of the patients. Over 23±10 months of follow-up freedom from arrhythmia recurrences measured 73%. Conclusions: Catheter-based endo-/epicardial mapping and ablation of AF was feasible and safe. Epicardial mapping provided new insights into AF mechanisms. Epicardial ablation increased transmurality of ablation lesions. Clinical outcome in this cohort of complex AF patients was favorable, indicating potential further development of current AF treatment.
On large bending deformations of transversely isotropic rectangular elastic blocks

En In this paper we examine the classical problem of finite bending of a rectangular block of elastic material into a sector of a circular cylindrical tube in respect of compressible transversely isotropic elastic materials. More specifically, we consider the possible existence of isochoric solutions. In contrast to the corresponding problem for isotropic materials, for which such solutions do not exist for a compressible material, we determine conditions on the form of the strain-energy function for which isochoric solutions are possible. The results are illustrated for particular classes of energy function.