Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IGM CONSTRAINTS FROM THE SDSS-III/BOSS DR9 Lyα FOREST TRANSMISSION PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION

The Lyα forest transmission probability distribution function (PDF) is an established probe of the intergalactic medium (IGM) astrophysics, especially the temperature–density relationship of the IGM. We measure the transmission PDF from 3393 Baryon Oscillations Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) quasars from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 9, and compare with mock spectra that include careful modeling of the noise, continuum, and astrophysical uncertainties. The BOSS transmission PDFs, measured at 〈z〉 = [2.3, 2.6, 3.0], are compared with PDFs created from mock spectra drawn from a suite of hydrodynamical simulations that sample the IGM temperature–density relationship, γ, and temperature at mean density, T0, where T(Δ) = T0Δγ − 1. We find that a significant population of partial Lyman-limit systems (LLSs) with a column-density distribution slope of βpLLS ∼ − 2 are required to explain the data at the low-transmission end of transmission PDF, while uncertainties in the mean Lyα forest transmission affect the high-transmission end. After modeling the LLSs and marginalizing over mean transmission uncertainties, we find that γ = 1.6 best describes the data over our entire redshift range, although constraints on T0 are affected by systematic uncertainties. Within our model framework, isothermal or inverted temperature–density relationships (γ ⩽ 1) are disfavored at a significance of over 4σ, although this could be somewhat weakened by cosmological and astrophysical uncertainties that we did not model.
The Recessive Attitude of EMU Policies: Reflections on the Italian Experience, 1998–2008

The EMU assigns a very marginal role to economic policy and relies on the leading idea that, if prices are kept constant, there will be an automatic convergence towards long-run equilibrium income. These beliefs represent the theoretical underpinnings of fiscal and monetary policy strategies in Europe. In order to highlight the weakness of these foundations, the paper evaluates empirically the effects of public expenditure and interest rate setting on equilibrium income in Italy from 1998 to 2008. The analysis supports the conclusions that government spending has a positive impact on national income while inflation targeting has a negative impact. Moreover the empirical evidence shows that a high level of debt does not produce negative effects on GDP. Finally, at a time of financial crisis, these results appear to be reinforced for fiscal policy, but weakened for monetary policy. The paper draws the conclusion that the EMU’s rigid rules for both fiscal and monetary policy have recessive attitudes, and limit the use of instruments to deal with high levels of unemployment, definitely undermining the future existence of the single-currency area.
Effects and Mechanisms of Tapering in Maximizing Muscular Strength

ABSTRACT TAPERING FOR MAXIMAL STRENGTH REQUIRES REDUCTIONS IN TRAINING LOAD TO RECOVER FROM THE FATIGUE OF TRAINING. IT IS PERFORMED BEFORE IMPORTANT COMPETITIONS TO ALLOW OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE AT SPECIFIC EVENTS. REDUCTIONS IN TRAINING VOLUME, WITH MAINTAINED OR SMALL INCREASES IN TRAINING INTENSITY, SEEM MOST EFFECTIVE FOR IMPROVING MUSCULAR STRENGTH. TRAINING CESSATION MAY ALSO PLAY A ROLE, WITH LESS THAN 1 WEEK BEING OPTIMAL FOR PERFORMANCE MAINTENANCE, AND 2–4 DAYS APPEARING TO BE OPTIMAL FOR ENHANCED MAXIMAL MUSCULAR STRENGTH. IMPROVED PERFORMANCE MAY BE RELATED TO MORE COMPLETE MUSCLE RECOVERY, GREATER NEURAL ACTIVATION, AND AN ENHANCED ANABOLIC ENVIRONMENT.
Trunk abnormalities in adolescence : a school health care based epidemiological cohort study

textabstractThe rationale for the studies presented in this thesis was the whish to answer the question whether an extra scoliosis screening should be added to the two periodical medical examinations during adolescence. It was decided to use data collected in a prospective follow-up study conducted since 1984 to answer the following subquestions: 1. What is the prevalence of trunk abnormalities, including scoliosis and Scheuermann's disease? 2. What is the incidence of trunk abnormalities? 3. What ace the determinants of trunk abnormalities? 4. Are the current frequency of periodical medical examinations during adolescence, and the applied method of examining posture and back, adequate for early detection of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? 5. Is it feasible to have scoliosis screening performed by school nurses? 6. What happens in the period between referral for scoliosis by the school physician and the onset of observation or treatment by the orthopedic surgeon?
Behavioral Specialization During the Neolithic—An Evolutionary Model

The emergence of agriculture and complex societies during the Near-Eastern Neolithic opened a new era in human evolution. Food production seriously affected the ecological environment, and societies answered this with large-scale division of labour and specialisation. In this paper we study this transition with an individual based model framework. Our model captures the connections between the appearance of agriculture, social division of labour, and behavioural diversity. Our two main settings represent different habitats: In the pre-Neolithic habitat resources fluctuate in time and there is no large-scale food storage. In the Neolithic habitat active food production results in economic surplus. We consider a sexually reproducing social group, where individuals solve different tasks for survival. We assume that the task solving effectiveness has a genetic basis, but also improves with experience and learning. Since tasks can require more or less different skills, there is a trade-off between the genetic affinities for different tasks. Individuals are born with inherited task choice strategies that they can improve by imitating more successful peers. We have shown that for the Neolithic case both phenotypic (task choice strategy) and genetic specialisation is possible, if scarcer goods are more valuable. As the number of tasks increase, specialisation evolves only in a much larger group. Although phenotypic specialisation is often present, genetic specialisation requires strong assortativity both during imitation and mate choice. Our model shows that if economic surplus becomes available, behavioural specialisation and large-scale division of labour is likely to appear.
A FAST ALGORITHM FOR MULTI-PATTERN SEARCHING

A new algorithm to search for multiple patterns at the same time is presented. The algorithm is faster than previous algorithms and can support a very large number — tens of thousands — of patterns. Several applications of the multi-pattern matching problem are discussed. We argue that, in addition to previous applications that required such search, multi-pattern matching can be used in lieu of indexed or sorted data in some applications involving small to medium size datasets. Its advantage, of course, is that no additional search structure is needed.
Ampulla of Vater carcinoma: Molecular landscape and clinical implications

Ampulla of Vater is a peculiar anatomical structure, characterized by the crossroad of three distinct epithelia: Intestinal, ductal pancreatic and biliary. Adenocarcinomas arising in this area represent an opportunity to understand the comparative biology of all periampullary malignancies. These neoplasms can exhibit intestinal, pancreaticobiliary or mixed features, whereas the subclassification based on morphology and immunohistochemical features failed in demonstrating a robust prognostic reliability. In the last few years, the molecular landscape of this tumor entity has been uncovered, identifying alterations that may serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. In this review, the histological and genetic characteristics of ampullary carcinomas are discussed, taking into account the main clinical and therapeutic implications related to this tumor type as well.
Running head : Establishing the Attention-Distractibility trait Establishing the Attention-Distractibility trait

149 Introduction and discussion (including footnotes): 1982 Methods and results: 2497 Address correspondence to: Sophie Forster, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QH T: +44 (0)1273 876654 F: +44 (0)1273 678058 Email: s.forster@sussex.ac. uk
Crop Diversification, Economic Performance and Household Behaviour Evidence from Vietnam

This study examines economic performances and household’s behaviours in multiple crops farming in Vietnam. Smallholder farming systems in Vietnam is being transformed by integration between cash cropping and main food cropping operations. This transformation into diversified farming systems can affect the economies of scope, technical efficiency, and performances of farms. By using the approach of input distance function, we find the first evidence of both scale and scope economies that have important economic performance implications. There is an existence of substantial technical inefficiency in multiple crops farming, which implies that there may be opportunities to expand crop outputs by eliminating technical inefficiency. Enhancing education and further land reforms are main technical efficiency shifters. We also find the complementarity evidence between family labour and other inputs, except hired labour. Thus, policies that lead to more incentives to invest in crop faming activities should focus on the reduction of input costs.
A Study of medication administration errors in a tertiary care hospital

Medication administration errors account for 34% of all medication errors and identified as one of the important reasons for patients' morbidity and mortality. NPSA statistics show that 59.3% of medication errors occur during the administration stage. Thus, identifying and resolving the administration errors will improve the patient care and decreases the health care costs. National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP) taxonomy was used to analyses the frequency, types, severity and factors responsible for medication administration errors. The findings of the study reveal that the frequency of medication administration errors is 15.34%, omission errors (33.02%), improper dose (17.43%) and wrong time (12.84%) errors were the major types of errors occurred and the majority administration errors belonged to category C (112), B (46) and D (35). Frequent interruptions and distractions, lack of communication between health care professionals, performance deficit and work stress on duty nurses are identified as major factors responsible for administration errors.
Microembolism during Foam Sclerotherapy of Varicose Veins

To the Editor: Chronic venous insufficiency is a common disease in adulthood. One recently developed therapy for varicose veins is foam sclerotherapy.1 We used foam sclerotherapy in a 51-year-old man and a 33-year-old woman who had symptomatic varicose great saphenous veins and were otherwise healthy. Immediately after the initiation of treatment, transient scotomas developed in the man, and a migraine attack in the woman. On the basis of these observations, we decided to monitor by echocardiography the foam distribution during foam sclerotherapy in 33 consecutive patients with chronic venous insufficiency. The treatment in each patient was carried out according to European consensus guidelines.2 Briefly, patients received a single injection of 5 ml of 1% polidocanol foam (air-to-liquid ratio, 4:1). The foam was injected with the patient’s leg slightly elevated, while the saphenofemoral junction was manually compressed until full vasospasm occurred and blood-flow velocity in the great saphenous vein decreased to zero. In all patients studied, we detected foam microemboli in both the right atrium and ventricle between 45 seconds and 15 minutes after foam injection (Fig. 1A). In five patients, microembolism was also detectable in the left atrium and ventricle (Fig. 1B); however, neurologic signs did not develop in any of them. Careful echocardiographic examination of these five patients showed a right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale. Because the neurologic symptoms observed in the two index patients could have reflected adverse effects of foam sclerotherapy due to a rightto-left shunt, we subsequently examined both patients by echocardiography and detected a patent foramen ovale in each. These findings suggest that foam-induced microembolism is a common phenomenon during foam sclerotherapy. The prevalence of patent foramen ovale, which can be a source of paradoxical embolism, is approximately 26% in the general population.3 Still, serious neurologic symptoms after foam sclerotherapy, which include scotomas, migraine, and stroke, occur in only 2% or less of patients.4,5 Thus, the findings in our cohort are in line with previous reports. Although the overall number of neurologic adverse effects during foam sclerotherapy might be underestimated, it appears that neurologic complications develop in relatively few patients with right-to-left shunts and foam microembolism. Nevertheless, we suggest that caution be exercised when foam sclerotherapy is performed in patients with a known patent foramen ovale and that patients with overt neurologic symptoms undergo an additional echocardiographic examination for the presence of a patent foramen ovale. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate and confirm our observations.
Attributed Network Embedding for Incomplete Structure Information

An attributed network enriches a pure network by encoding a part of widely accessible node auxiliary information into node attributes. Learning vector representation of each node a.k. a. Network Embedding (NE) for such an attributed network by considering both structure and attribute information has recently attracted considerable attention, since each node embedding is simply a unified low-dimension vector representation that makes downstream tasks e.g. link prediction more efficient and much easier to realize. Most of previous works have not considered the significant case of a network with incomplete structure information, which however, would often appear in our real-world scenarios e.g. the abnormal users in a social network who intentionally hide their friendships. And different networks obviously have different levels of incomplete structure information, which imposes more challenges to balance two sources of information. To tackle that, we propose a robust NE method called Attributed Biased Random Walks (ABRW) to employ attribute information for compensating incomplete structure information by using transition matrices. The experiments of link prediction and node classification tasks on real-world datasets confirm the robustness and effectiveness of our method to the different levels of the incomplete structure information.
EVALUATION OF HEARING IMPAIRED STUDENT'S READING COMPREHENSION WITH THE CLOZE PROCEDURE

Different evaluation methods are applied in order to determine and develop the skills used for reading comprehension. Cloze is a informal evaluation method which is used to determine students’ current reading knowledge, to develop their focusing skills on contextual cues and to enhance critical reading. Cloze involve evaluating readers’ prior knowledge on the subject matter, their comprehension of information provided in the text, linguistic knowledge, and thinking skills. Through this method, students try to determine systematically omitted words in a passage by either guessing or inferring. Evaluations demonstrate to what extent students grasped the passage or followed the text. Besides, they encourage students to think about the words to include in a sentence or passage for a better meaning construction. It has two important aims: To determine the levels of reading passages given to students and to determine the strategies of using contextual cues to infer meaning. Cloze method could be used in both individual and group works. As a result of evaluations conducted after the application, teachers can determine the activities to improve reading comprehension Hearing impaired children, who are less proficient than their peers in terms of language because of this impairment, follow the same reading processes and use the same reading skills and strategies. In order to improve and evaluate these skills in reading instruction of hearing impaired children, cloze method is used. This study investigates hearing impaired children’s reading comprehension through cloze method, states the advantages and limitations of the method and provides examples of cloze evaluation examples conducted with hearing impaired children. Kewords: Deaf, Hearing-Impaired Education, Reading Comprehension, Cloze Procedure
Hubungan Pengasuhan Orangtua dengan Motivasi Berprestasi Siswa yang Berasal dari Keluarga Miskin di Kota Padang

Achievement motivation can encourage students to learn. In achieving success requires the support of parents. Poverty makes some parents from poor families have little time to guide the children. Consequently, parenting is not going well. This research aims to describe the relationship of parenting and achievement motivation of students who come from poor families. This research is quantitative descriptive with correlation metod. The population in this study are all students of SMP Negeri which in category BSM receiver in Padang. Total sample of 170 students, selected by cluster random sampling technique. Data was collected using Likert scale model measurements. Analysis of data using statistical techniques of correlation with the data collected in interval form Then analyzed using percentages. Testing the hypothesis by using the Pearson product moment correlation. The findings of this study are: (1) parenting students who come from poor families in Padang are in good enough category. (2) achievement motivation of students who come from poor families in Padang in low category. (3) There are significant positive relationship between parenting and achievement motivation of students who come from poor families. This result meant that better the care of the parents, the higher achievement motivation of student. Counselor in cooperation with school personnel and parents to encourage students increase achievement motivation.
Data And Computer Communications 10Th Edition

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Proteomic Analysis of Biomphalaria glabrata Hemocytes During in vitro Encapsulation of Schistosoma mansoni Sporocysts

Circulating hemocytes of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata, a major intermediate host for the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni, represent the primary immune effector cells comprising the host's internal defense system. Within hours of miracidial entry into resistant B. glabrata strains, hemocytes infiltrate around developing sporocysts forming multi-layered cellular capsules that results in larval death, typically within 24–48 h post-infection. Using an in vitro model of hemocyte-sporocyst encapsulation that recapitulates in vivo events, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis on the responses of hemocytes from inbred B. glabrata strains during the encapsulation of S. mansoni primary sporocysts. This was accomplished by a combination of Laser-capture microdissection (LCM) to isolate sections of hemocyte capsules both in the presence and absence of sporocysts, in conjunction with mass spectrometric analyses to establish protein expression profiles. Comparison of susceptible NMRI snail hemocytes in the presence and absence of sporocysts revealed a dramatic downregulation of proteins in during larval encapsulation, especially those involved in protein/CHO metabolism, immune-related, redox and signaling pathways. One of 4 upregulated proteins was arginase, competitor of nitric oxide synthetase and inhibitor of larval-killing NO production. By contrast, when compared to control capsules, sporocyst-encapsulating hemocytes of resistant BS-90 B. glabrata exhibited a more balanced profile with enhanced expression of shared proteins involved in protein synthesis/processing, immunity, and redox, and unique expression of anti-microbial/anti-parasite proteins. A final comparison of NMRI and BS-90 host hemocyte responses to co-cultured sporocysts demonstrated a decrease or downregulation of 77% of shared proteins by NMRI cells during encapsulation compared to those of the BS-90 strain, including lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, thioredoxin reductase 1 and hemoglobins 1 and 2. Overall, using this in vitro model, results of our proteomic analyses demonstrate striking differences in proteins expressed by susceptible NMRI and resistant BS-90 snail hemocytes to S. mansoni sporocysts during active encapsulation, with NMRI hemocytes exhibiting extensive downregulation of protein expression and a lower level of constitutively expressed immune-relevant proteins (e.g., FREP2) compared to BS-90. Our data suggest that snail strain differences in hemocyte protein expression during the encapsulation process account for observed differences in their cytotoxic capacity to interact with and kill sporocysts.
Long-term outcome following bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia

Abstract Background: Bilateral lateral rectus recession is the most common surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia in children. Success rates in previous studies differ because longer follow-up periods may change success rate as the eyes drift out with time. Initial overcorrection was thought to be appropriate management, but the preferred initial postoperative deviation has not been well quantified. Objective: To study long-term outcomes (≥3 years) of bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia and to evaluate factors influencing long-term success. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study reviews patients with intermittent exotropia who underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession with a minimum follow up of 3 years. Long-term motor outcome was classified as good (within 8 prism diopters (PD) of esodeviation and 10 PD of exodeviation), acceptable (exodeviation 11-20 PD), and poor (esotropia >8 PD or exotropia >20 PD). Stereoacuity testing pre- and postoperatively was used to evaluate sensory outcome. Correlation between long-term outcome and various pre- and postoperative factors were analyzed. Results: A total of 59 patients met the selective inclusion criteria. The mean age at time of surgery was 7.1 years with a mean follow-up time of 4.5 years. At the time of the last visit, 69% (41 patients) had good outcomes, 24% (14 patients) had acceptable outcomes, and 7% (4 patients) had poor outcomes. Initial postoperative ocular deviation significantly correlated with long-term outcome (P < 0.05). Mean initial postoperative ocular deviation of patients with good outcome was esodeviation 12.7 PD (range ortho to esodeviation 25 PD). In 45 patients whose stereoacuity could be assessed, 58% (26 patients) had stereoacuity improvement. Conclusion: Good long-term motor outcome can be achieved in 69% of patients following bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia. Initial postoperative ocular deviation correlated with long-term motor success.