Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of senior management in opportunity formation: Direct involvement or reactive selection?

Research Summary: Much research suggests that entrepreneurial opportunities in established firms result from bottom‐up initiative in a diverse workforce, senior management's main role in the entrepreneurial process is to select among opportunities generated in the bottom‐up process, and it should refrain from directly getting involved in this process. We develop an alternative and more active view of the role of senior management in the opportunity formation process in which senior management intervenes in the entrepreneurial process to resolve coordination and collaboration problems across initiatives and decide on resource allocation. We proffer rival hypotheses concerning the effect of such senior management involvement in the entrepreneurial process. Specifically, we hypothesize that the positive relations between bottom‐up initiative/employee diversity and opportunity formation are positively (negatively) moderated by such direct involvement by senior management. We examine these ideas using two matched data sources: a double‐respondent survey of CEOs and HR managers and employer–employee register data. We find support for the view that senior management involvement positively moderates the relations between bottom‐up processes/diversity and opportunity formation. Managerial Summary: What are the processes through which entrepreneurial opportunities emerge in established companies? Research has pointed to diversity and bottom‐up initiative, but our understanding is limited with respect to what senior managers should do to optimally promote entrepreneurship in such companies. In one view, senior management should keep a distance and limit their involvement to picking the best opportunities out of those they are presented with in the bottom‐up process. In contrast, we argue that given bottom‐up initiative in the context of a diverse workforce, senior management should play a more direct role in the entrepreneurial process. The reason is that senior‐management involvement at early stages of the opportunity formation process is required to handle the management challenges arising from diversity and bottom‐up initiative. Overall, our study suggests that firms that wish to seize the potential benefits (in terms of entrepreneurial opportunities) of having a more diverse workforce and more bottom‐up initiative need senior managers that directly engage in the entrepreneurial process.
A Generalised Seizure Prediction with Convolutional Neural Networks for Intracranial and Scalp Electroencephalogram Data Analysis

Seizure prediction has attracted a growing attention as one of the most challenging predictive data analysis efforts in order to improve the life of patients living with drug-resistant epilepsy and tonic seizures. Many outstanding works have been reporting great results in providing a sensible indirect (warning systems) or direct (interactive neural-stimulation) control over refractory seizures, some of which achieved high performance. However, many works put heavily handcraft feature extraction and/or carefully tailored feature engineering to each patient to achieve very high sensitivity and low false prediction rate for a particular dataset. This limits the benefit of their approaches if a different dataset is used. In this paper we apply Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on different intracranial and scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) datasets and proposed a generalized retrospective and patient-specific seizure prediction method. We use Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) on 30-second EEG windows with 50% overlapping to extract information in both frequency and time domains. A standardization step is then applied on STFT components across the whole frequency range to prevent high frequencies features being influenced by those at lower frequencies. A convolutional neural network model is used for both feature extraction and classification to separate preictal segments from interictal ones. The proposed approach achieves sensitivity of 81.4%, 81.2%, 82.3% and false prediction rate (FPR) of 0.06/h, 0.16/h, 0.22/h on Freiburg Hospital intracranial EEG (iEEG) dataset, Children's Hospital of Boston-MIT scalp EEG (sEEG) dataset, and Kaggle American Epilepsy Society Seizure Prediction Challenge's dataset, respectively. Our prediction method is also statistically better than an unspecific random predictor for most of patients in all three datasets.
Immunohistochemical localization of calbindins (28K and 9K) in the tissues of the baboon Papio ursinus

An indirect immunoperoxidase procedure was used to detect the presence of calbindin‐D28K and calbindin‐D9K in the cerebellum, kidney, and duodenum of the baboon Papio ursinus. Antibodies to chick calbinding‐D28K and to both rat and mouse calbindin‐D9K were used. The cerebellum and kidney were shown to contain calbindin‐D28K; the doudenum contained calbindin‐D9K. In the cerebellum, positive staining was found in the Purkinje cells only; in the kidney, positive staining was found in the distal convoluted tubules, connecting tubules, and collecting tubules, extending deep into the medullary regions of the kidney. Staining in the duodenum was confined to the enterocytes of the villi, with no stain present in the crypt regions or goblet cells. Thus the baboon, a primate, contains the larger of the calbindins in both the cerebellum and kidney as does the human and monkey, but its distribution in the kidney is more generalized than that found in humans. The molecular weight of calbindin‐D9K was found to be similar to that found in other animals. However, the calbindin‐D28K from the baboon tissues appears to be slightly smaller than the protein found in other animals and may therefore be of similar size to the human calbindin‐D28K (Mr 26,000).
Does Feedback Design Matter? A Neurofeedback Study Comparing Immersive Virtual Reality and Traditional Training Screens in Elderly

Neurofeedback (NF) is a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) application, in which the brain activity is fed back to the user in real-time enabling voluntary brain control. In this context, the significance of the feedback design is mainly unexplored. Highly immersive feedback scenarios using virtual reality (VR) technique are available. However, their effects on subjective user experience as well as on objective outcome measures remain open. In the present article, we discuss the general pros and cons of using VR as feedback modality in BCI applications. Furthermore, we report on the results of an empirical study, in which the effects of traditional two-dimensional and three-dimensional VR based feedback scenarios on NF training performance and user experience in healthy older individuals and neurologic patients were compared. In conclusion, we suggest indications and contraindications of immersive VR feedback designs in BCI applications. Our results show that findings in healthy individuals are not always transferable to patient populations having an impact on serious game and feedback design.
Ashworth Scales are unreliable for the assessment of muscle spasticity

Ashworth Scales are the most widely used tests to assess the severity of muscle spasticity. These scales offer qualitative and subjective information; consequently, there are issues concerning validity and reliability. This article presents the results of a study comparing interrater reliability of the original and of the modified Ashworth Scales for measuring muscle spasticity in elbow flexors. Fifteen patients with hemiplegia (nine men and six women) with a median age of 52 years (interquartile range, 28–64) participated in this study. Two physiotherapists rated the muscle tone of elbow flexors according to ratings criteria of the Ashworth and the modified Ashworth Scales. Kappa values for the original Ashworth and the modified Ashworth Scales were 0.17 (SE = 0.21; p = 0.41) and 0.21 (SE = 0.12; p = 0.08), respectively. The scales showed similar levels of reliability (χ2 = 0.0285, df = 1, p = 0.7). The Ashworth Scales are not reliable for the assessment of muscle spasticity. In the absence of interrater reliability, the validity of the measurements may also be questioned.
Genetic and Cytological Analyses of the Natural Variation of Seed Number per Pod in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Seed number is one of the key traits related to plant evolution/domestication and crop improvement/breeding. In rapeseed germplasm, the seed number per pod (SNPP) shows a very wide variation from several to nearly 30; however, the underlying causations/mechanisms for this variation are poorly known. In the current study, the genetic and cytological bases for the natural variation of SNPP in rapeseed was firstly and systematically investigated using the representative four high-SNPP and five low-SNPP lines. The results of self- or cross-pollination experiment between the high- and low-SNPP lines showed that the natural variation of SNPP was mainly controlled by maternal effect (mean = 0.79), followed by paternal effect (mean = 0.21). Analysis of the data using diploid seed embryo–cytoplasmic–maternal model further showed that the maternal genotype, embryo, and cytoplasm effects, respectively, explained 47.6, 35.2, and 7.5% of the genetic variance. In addition, the analysis of combining ability showed that for the SNPP of hybrid F1 was mainly determined by the general combining ability of parents (63.0%), followed by special combining ability of parental combination (37.0%). More importantly, the cytological observation showed that the SNPP difference between the high- and low-SNPP lines was attributable to the accumulative differences in its components. Of which, the number of ovules, the proportion of fertile ovules, the proportion of fertile ovules to be fertilized, and the proportion of fertilized ovules to develop into seeds accounted for 30.7, 18.2, 7.1, and 43.9%, respectively. The accordant results of both genetic and cytological analyses provide solid evidences and systematic insights to further understand the mechanisms underlying the natural variation of SNPP, which will facilitate the development of high-yield cultivars in rapeseed.
Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on nerve regeneration in early diabetes

Nerve regeneration in diabetes is essential for reversal of neuropathy as well as the recovery of nerves from injury due to acute nerve compression and entrapment. Endoneural hypoxia due to hyperglycemia‐induced blood flow reductions is observed early in the course of diabetes, and the resultant ischemia plays a role in the diminished neural regeneration. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is capable of producing tissue hyperoxia by raising oxygen tensions in ischemic tissues, and was shown to be beneficial in the reversal of experimental ischemic neuropathy. In this study, an experimental diabetes model was used to evaluate the functional and histomorphological effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on early diabetic nerve regeneration. Our results indicate that there is significant histomorphological impairment of nerve regeneration, even in very early stages of diabetes. However, no beneficial effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy could be demonstrated at this stage. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Religious beliefs and the promotion of socially responsible entrepreneurship in the Indian agribusiness industry

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between religious beliefs and socially responsible investment in the Indian agricultural industry. Design/methodology/approach Owners of small agribusiness firms from India were interviewed regarding their perceptions of religious beliefs and socially responsible investment in the agricultural industry. Findings The survey indicates that while religious beliefs and internal financing sources increase perceived socially responsible investment, the higher cost of debt capital decreases perceived socially responsible investment in the Indian agricultural industry. The higher level of internal financing sources, however, decreases the perceived cost of debt capital which may increase socially responsible investment in the Indian agricultural industry. Research limitations/implications This is a co-relational study that investigated the association between religious beliefs and socially responsible investment. There is not necessarily a causal relationship between the two. The findings of this study may only be generalized to firms similar to those that were included in this research. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on the factors that increase socially responsible investment in the agricultural industry. The study also provides critical policy recommendations to minimize managerial implications. The findings may be useful for financial managers, agribusiness owners (farmers), investors, agribusiness management consultants, and other stakeholders.
Unique glycoprotein-proteoglycan complex defined by monoclonal antibody on human melanoma cells.

A monoclonal antibody, 9.2. 27, with a high specificity for human melanoma cell surfaces has been utilized for biosynthetic studies in M21 human melanoma cells to define a unique antigenic complex consisting of a 250-kilodalton N-linked glycoprotein and a high molecular weight proteoglycan component larger than 400 kilodaltons. The 250-kilodalton glycoprotein has endoglycosidase H-sensitive precursors and shows a lower apparent molecular weight after treatment with neuraminidase. The biosynthesis of the proteoglycan component is inhibited by exposure of M21 cells to the monovalent ionophore monensin, this component can be labeled biosynthetically with 35SO4, is sensitive to beta-elimination in dilute base, and is degraded by both chondroitinase AC and ABC lyases, suggesting that it is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. These data demonstrate that the antigenic determinant recognized by monoclonal antibody 9.2. 27 is located on a glycoprotein-proteoglycan complex which may have unique implications for the interaction of glycoconjugates at the human melanoma tumor cell surface.
INCIDENCE OF DAIRY COW MASTITIS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN SODO TOWN AND ITS SURROUNDINGS , WOLAITA ZONE , ETHIOPIA

A longitudinal observational study on the incidence of mastitis in smallholder dairy cows in Sodo town and its surroundings, Ethiopia was conducted during the period from October 2015 to March 2016 with the aim of estimating incidence of mastitis in smallholder dairy cows, investigating potential risk factors associated with mastitis, and isolating mastitis-causing bacteria in milk of smallholder dairy cows. All the sixty-seven lactating cows from the nine smallholder dairy farms were registered for the follow up study. The incidence of mastitis at cow and quarter levels was followed up for six months. On top of that, a questionnaire survey on smallholder dairy cow management and milking procedure was performed at the farms where the study animals resided. The results of this study revealed 50.7 % (n = 34/67) prevalence of mastitis at cow and 29.1 % (n = 78/234) at quarter levels. The total incidence risk was found to be 60.6 % (n = 20/33). Based on bacteriological examination, 90.8 % of the collected samples (n = 59/65) were found to be mastitis bacteria positive. Pathogenic bacteria belonging to five genera were involved in causing mastitis. Among these isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant mastitis pathogen (n = 23/65, 39 %) found in the study area followed by Streptococci species (n = 12/65, 20.3 %), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci species (n = 11/65, 18.6 %), Escherichia coli (n = 8/65, 13.6 %), and Bacillus species (n = 3/65, 5.0 %). The least mastitis pathogen isolated was Corynebacterium spp. (n = 2/65, 3.4 %). The influence of 22 potential risk factors on the incidence of mastitis was also investigated. Among others, late lactation stage, low daily milk yield, male milkers, dry cow therapy only at last milking of lactation were elicited to be highly risky for mastitis. On the other hand, milkers’ work experience, herd size, teat distance from the ground, and milkers’ skill of finding milk clots appeared to be not risky for the incidence of mastitis whereas, age greater than or equal to eight year, parity above or equal to six, and milk yield less than three liters per day were significantly associated with the prevalence of mastitis (p < 0.01. p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Although not significant, owners as milkers and late lactation stage had higher influence on the prevalence of mastitis (p = 0.058 and p = 0.147, respectively). In conclusion, the relatively high incidence of mastitis in the study area can be responsible for serious impact on the economy of smallholder dairy farmers mainly by reducing the quantity and quality of milk yield and undermining fertility of the dairy cows. Thus, continuous education of the smallholder dairy farmers is needed for better mastitis control programs.
Study on the properties of gallium antimonide surface passivatied with S2Cl2 solution

The surface optical and chemical properties of gallium antimonide (GaSb) surfaces after dichloride disulfide (S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>) and ammonium sulfide ((NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S) treatments were compared. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is used to study the GaSb surfaces passivated by S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> comparing to (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S solution, meanwhile, quantitative comparison using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrates that S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> passivation dramatically improves the stability against reoxidation in air compared with the (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S solution. We found that S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> method is quite effective for removing oxides of GaSb surface, besides, PL intensity of S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>-passivated sample was higher than (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S-passivated sample, and stability of S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>-passivated sample was also more sustained. Overall, S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> provides to be superior passivation for III-V compound semiconductor material promising for high-speed and optoelectronic device applications.
Repeated coagulation testing in children

Summary Background Mild bleeding disorders (BD) such as von Willebrand disease (VWD) type I are often difficult to diagnose because of inconclusive laboratory results. Our study examines the diagnostic value of repeated testing. Patients, methods Prospective study on 200 children. Extensive laboratory testing was done twice and a standardized history was taken. Results 165 patients completed the study (median age 5.6 years). Main reason for referral was aPTT prolongation (n = 109). The initial diagnosis was upheld in 74/165 (44.8%) children. Of 18 patients rated normal, 8 had to be reclassified as possible VWD later. Ten patients were diagnosed VWD I. In 36 patients possible VWD was found, 13 of these had normal results at the second visit while in 6 VWD became more likely. The main diagnosis was lupus-anticoagulant (n=79), normalizing in 24. A total of 88 children underwent surgery during the study period. Conclusion Our study shows frequent changes in the diagnosis and highlights the limitations of single laboratory tests in detecting mild BD. Clinical and laboratory abnormalities have to be followed and tests must be repeated in unclear cases. Normal values at one point do not exclude a BD.
Risk Factors for Candidaemia in a Malaysian Tertiary Hospital

Candidaemia carries high morbidity and mortality, but its conventional diagnosis is time consuming and insensitive. Clinical risk factors may identify suitable candidates for prophylactic or pre-emptive antifungal therapy and may be modified or controlled to prevent candidaemia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the independent risk factors for candidaemia. The study was a retrospective, case-control study involving 54 patients with candidaemia and 54 patients without candidaemia as controls. The patient’s data were collected from the medical records and the risk factors for candidaemia were analyzed in both groups. Candida species isolated from blood were C. tropicalis (n=19, 35.2%), C. albicans (n=18, 33.3%), C. parapsilosis (n=11, 20.4%) and one isolate each (1.9%) of C. famata, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. melibiosica, C. pelliculosa and C. sake. Multivariate analysis showed that renal insufficiency, prior antibacterial therapy, prior antifungal therapy, steroid therapy and urinary catheterization were independent risk factors for candidaemia. Central venous catheter, prolonged hospital stay, intensive care unit stay, mechanical ventilation, surgery and parenteral nutrition occurred more commonly among the candidaemia group but were not independently significant. Controlling, limiting or modifying these risk factors may reduce the incidence of candidaemia.
Kinetic surface roughening. I. The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in the weak-coupling regime.

The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation for surface growth is analyzed in the regime where the nonlinear coupling constant is small. We present detailed calculations for the mean-square surface width in terms of the bare parameters of the equation. For surface dimension d\ensuremath{\le}2, this quantity is shown to obey crossover scaling. The case d=2 is marked by an exponentially slow crossover associated with the marginally unstable character of the linear theory. For dg2 a renormalization-group analysis in the one-loop approximation yields a logarithmic scaling form at the roughening transition between smooth and rough growth phases. The crossover behavior on either side of this transition is discussed.
The frequency of appearance of transverse (Harris) lines in the tibia in relationship to age at death

Background : The investigations of Harris lines (HLs) carried out for almost 80 years now have contributed to the understanding of the essence of individual growth and development processes and have enriched the knowledge of the human organism's ontogenetic reaction to adverse environmental factors. Aim : An attempt was made to find a relationship between the influence of adverse living conditions (expressed with the presence of HLs) and an individual's age at death. Materials and methods : The bone material (233 adult individuals; 120 male and 113 female skeletons) was collected at the medieval burial ground in Cedynia, Poland. Recommended methods were used to determine the individuals' sex and age. Results : A statistical relationship was found between the frequency of HLs and the length of the individuals' adult lives. The results obtained justify the conclusion that the individuals who lived a shorter life were exposed to greater pressure from unfavourable environmental conditions (measured with the absolute number of HLs) in the period of growth and development. Conclusions : Therefore, one can presume that the individuals who died in the maturus age were more resistant to adverse living conditions or their reaction to those conditions was weaker and hence they lived longer.
Paediatric Bipolar Disorder – Are Attachment and Trauma Factors Considered?

Keywords” for ["attachment theory" or "attachment security" or "attachment insecurity" or "avoidant attachment" or “secure attachment” or "insecure attachment" or "ambivalent attachment" or "disorganised attachment" or “reactive attachment” or “resistant attachment” or "attachment disorganisation" or "developmental psychology" or "developmental trauma disorder" or "developmental neurobiology" or “developmental psychopathology” or Bowlby] resulting in 4,583 publications from 1995 to 13 June 2010. To aid specificity the above terms were searched in “Title” field only, to give a sample of 746 publications.