Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of 10 % sodium ascorbate on Streptococcus mutans adherence to bleached bovine enamel surface

Sodium ascorbate has been suggested to modify bleaching agents’ side effects especially on composite resin bonding to dental hard tissues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 10% sodium ascorbate on Streptococcus mutans adherence to bleached enamel surfaces. Sixty enamel slabs from bovine incisors were used. After sterilization of the intact enamel surfaces with UV light, the specimens were randomly divided into the following treatment groups: (1) immersion in normal saline containing 2%NaN3; (2) bleaching of enamel surfaces with 10% carbamide peroxide; (3) bleaching of enamel surfaces with 10% carbamide peroxide followed by 10% sodium ascorbate treatment. Adherence of S. mutans to enamel surfaces was determined bacteriologically. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (P < 0.05). 10% sodium ascorbate after bleaching (Group 3) caused a significant increase in surface adherence of S. mutans compared to groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.001). Because of bacterial adherence subsequent to use of sodium ascorbate to bleached enamel caries risk may be increased.
Wave modulation of the extratropical tropopause inversion layer

Abstract. This study aims to quantify how much of the observed strength and variability in the zonal-mean extratropical tropopause inversion layer (TIL) comes from the modulation of the temperature field and its gradients around the tropopause by planetary- and synoptic-scale waves. By analyzing high-resolution observations, it also puts other TIL enhancing mechanisms into context. Using gridded Global Positioning System radio occultation (GPS-RO) temperature profiles from the COSMIC mission (2007–2013), we are able to extract the extratropical wave signal by a simplified wavenumber–frequency domain filtering method and quantify the resulting TIL enhancement. By subtracting the extratropical wave signal, we show how much of the TIL is associated with other processes, at mid- and high latitudes, for both hemispheres and all seasons. The transient and reversible modulation by planetary- and synoptic-scale waves is almost entirely responsible for the TIL in midlatitudes. This means that wave-mean flow interactions, inertia–gravity waves and the residual circulation are of minor importance for the strength and variability in the midlatitude TIL. At polar regions, the extratropical wave modulation is dominant for the TIL strength as well, but there is also a clear fingerprint from sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) and final warmings in both hemispheres. Therefore, polar vortex breakups are partially responsible for the observed polar TIL strength in winter (if SSWs occur) and spring. Also, part of the polar summer TIL strength cannot be explained by extratropical wave modulation. We suggest that our wave modulation mechanism integrates several TIL enhancing mechanisms proposed in previous literature while robustly disclosing the overall outcome of the different processes involved. By analyzing observations only, our study identifies which mechanisms dominate the extratropical TIL strength and their relative contribution. It remains to be determined, however, which roles the different planetary- and synoptic-scale wave types play within the total extratropical wave modulation of the TIL, as well as what causes the observed amplification of extratropical waves near the tropopause.
Anaesthetic potency and physiological effects of refrigerated solution of thiopentone sodium in rabbits.

Several in vitro studies have justified the use of thiopentone solutions beyond the period recommended by the manufacturer. We conducted this in vivo study to investigate the anaesthetic potency and physiological effect of refrigerated thiopentone solution. Rabbits in four groups designated A, B, C and D were anaesthetized using 25 mg/kg thiopentone solution stored for 0 (fresh solution), 3, 7 and 14 days in the refrigerator. Anaesthetic potency of the thiopentone solution was determined by monitoring the durations of anaesthesia and recovery time while its physiological effect was assessed by evaluating the changes in the heart and respiratory rates, packed cell volume and blood glucose post injections. The durations of anaesthesia and recovery time in group A were significantly (P 0.05) in blood glucose occurred at 10 min post induction while blood glucose decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 60 min post induction. Our findings showed that the potency of thiopentone solution decreased with refrigeration. Also significant drop in blood glucose of rabbits occurred post thiopentone injection. Based on these findings, we discourage the use of refrigerated solutions of thiopentone
Relations Between Appraisals and Coping Schemas: Support for the Congruence Model

According to the cognitive-relational theory of stress, cognitive appraisal mediates coping efforts. However, only a small number of studies have examined appraisal-coping relations, and interpretation of the results is clouded by conceptual and methodological difficulties. The present study was designed to overcome some of these problems and to determine whether relations between appraisal and five coping schemas were consistent with predictions from the congruence model of effective coping. Participants in the study were 185 undergraduates in search of employment. Multiple regression analyses revealed that appraisals of challenge and controllability significantly predicted strategies representative of the problem-focussed schema, whereas, threat appraisals significantly predicted emotion-focussed coping. Furthermore, the existential coping schema was positively associated with appraising the situation as uncontrollable and negatively related to threat appraisal. The preventive schema was associated with appraisals of challenge and low threat. Spiritual coping was also significantly predicted by appraised uncontrollability. The results extend evidence of appraisal-cop ing relations to a broader range of coping strategies than previously investigated. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate the heuristic value of the cognitive schema approach to coping and of the congruence model in predicting appraisalcoping relations.
Linking long-term planetary N-body simulations with periodic orbits: application to white dwarf pollution

Mounting discoveries of debris discs orbiting newly formed stars and white dwarfs (WDs) showcase the importance of modelling the long-term evolution of small bodies in exosystems. WD debris discs are, in particular, thought to form from very long-term (0.1–5.0 Gyr) instability between planets and asteroids. However, the time-consuming nature of N-body integrators which accurately simulate motion over Gyrs necessitates a judicious choice of initial conditions. The analytical tools known as periodic orbits can circumvent the guesswork. Here, we begin a comprehensive analysis directly linking periodic orbits with N-body integration outcomes with an extensive exploration of the planar circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP) with an outer planet and inner asteroid near or inside of the 2:1 mean motion resonance. We run nearly 1000 focused simulations for the entire age of the Universe (14 Gyr) with initial conditions mapped to the phase space locations surrounding the unstable and stable periodic orbits for that commensurability. In none of our simulations did the planar CRTBP architecture yield a long-time-scale (≳0.25 per cent of the age of the Universe) asteroid-star collision. The pericentre distance of asteroids which survived beyond this time-scale (≈35 Myr) varied by at most about 60 per cent. These results help affirm that collisions occur too quickly to explain WD pollution in the planar CRTBP 2:1 regime, and highlight the need for further periodic orbit studies with the eccentric and inclined TBP architectures and other significant orbital period commensurabilities.
Why monitor carbon in high‐alpine streams?

Abstract In this short communication, we report on dissolved organic and inorganic carbon concentrations from a summer stream monitoring campaign at the main hydrological catchment of the Tarfala Research Station in northern Sweden. Further, we place these unique high‐alpine observations in the context of a relevant subset of Sweden's national monitoring programme. Our analysis shows that while the monitoring programme (at least for total organic carbon) may have relatively good representativeness across a range of forest coverages, alpine/tundra environments are potentially underrepresented. As for dissolved inorganic carbon, there is currently no national monitoring in Sweden. Since the selection of stream water monitoring locations and monitored constituents at the national scale can be motivated by any number of goals (or limitations), monitoring at the Tarfala Research Station along with other research catchment sites across Fennoscandia becomes increasingly important and can offer potential complementary data necessary for improving process understanding. Research catchment sites (typically not included in national monitoring programmes) can help cover small‐scale landscape features and thus complement national monitoring thereby improving the ability to capture hot spots and hot moments of biogeochemical export. This provides a valuable baseline of current conditions in high‐alpine environments against which to gauge future changes in response to potential climatic and land cover shifts.
Geography and life history traits account for the accumulation of cryptic diversity among Indo-West Pacific coral reef fishes

: Indo-West Pacific coral reef fishes form speciose ecological communities. A biogeographically meaningful interpretation of diversity patterns in this region requires accurate inventories of species. Previous studies have suggested that biogeographic scenarios for Indo-West Pacific coral reef fishes are compromised by an unacknowledged yet substantial amount of cryptic diversity. DNA barcoding, the use of a mitochondrial gene as an internal species tag for species identification, has opened new perspectives on global biodiversity. The present study, based on the largest DNA barcode reference library produced to date for Indo-West Pacific coral reef fishes, sheds new light on the extent of cryptic diversity and its evolutionary origin. We analyzed 3174 DNA barcodes for 805 species of coral reef fishes sampled at three different locations across the Indo-West Pacific (including 538 new DNA barcodes for 270 species sampled from New Caledonia). Among the 183 species with Indo-West Pacific distribution and multiple specimens analyzed, 78 (42.6%) were represented by two or more monophyletic lineages alternatively sorted between the sampling sites in the Indian and Pacific oceans and another 73 (40%) showed evidence of phylogeographic structure. Spatial analyses pointed to a detectable impact of geographic isolation on the emergence of cryptic diversity. The significant correlation of several life history traits to the maximum intraspecific genetic distances suggests that genetic divergence among geographically isolated cryptic lineages accumulated though mutation and genetic drift.
The XXL survey XV: Evidence for dry merger driven BCG growth in XXL-100-GC X-ray clusters

The growth of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) is closely related to the properties of their host cluster. We present evidence for dry mergers as the dominant source of BCG mass growth at z less than or similar to 1 in the XXL 100 brightest cluster sample. We use the global red sequence, H alpha emission and mean star formation history to show that BCGs in the sample possess star formation levels comparable to field ellipticals of similar stellar mass and redshift. XXL 100 brightest clusters are less massive on average than those in other X-ray selected samples such as LoCuSS or HIFLUGCS. Few clusters in the sample display high central gas concentration, rendering inefficient the growth of BCGs via star formation resulting from the accretion of cool gas. Using measures of the relaxation state of their host clusters, we show that BCGs grow as relaxation proceeds. We find that the BCG stellar mass corresponds to a relatively constant fraction 1 per cent of the total cluster mass in relaxed systems. We also show that, following a cluster scale merger event, the BCG stellar mass lags behind the expected value from the M-cluster-M-BCG relation but subsequently accretes stellar mass via dry mergers as the BCG and cluster evolve towards a relaxed state.
Cellular Reorientation upon Cyclic Stretch can be due to theInstability of Focal Adhesions

Cellular reorientation upon cyclic stretch is an intriguing phenomenon, which has drawn intensive scientific attentions lately. When applying uni-axial cyclic stretches to cells on substrate, they gradually rotated themselves to almost perpendicular to the stretch direction [1]. The characteristic time of the cellular reorientation was quantified, which strongly depended on stretch amplitude and cyclic frequency. As revealed in experiments, this characteristic time decreased as the stretch amplitude increased and also decreased with increasing stretch frequency until it saturated at about 1 Hz [1]. Various models had been developed to provide an important insight into the underlying mechanism for cellular reorientation under cyclic stretch, which, however, remains elusive.
Global Financial Crisis, Ownership Change, and Corporate Governance Evolution: Firm-Level Evidence from Russia

In this paper, using panel data of industrial firms obtained from unique questionnaire surveys conducted all over the Russian Federation in 2005 and 2009, we trace structural change in corporate governance systems before and after the global financial crisis and empirically examine their determinants. We found that, during this period, Russian firms improved the quality of corporate governance across the entire industrial sector. Furthermore, our empirical evidence strongly supports a hypothesis regarding the relationship between outside ownership and board composition as well as that concerning the impact of outside directorship on the audit system. Meanwhile, our estimation results also indicate the possibility that the global financial crisis has brought about asymmetric changes, in the sense that it enhanced the independence of corporate boards, while it deteriorated the independence of the audit system, thus, partially rejecting our prediction with respect to the disciplinary effect of the crisis on the corporate governance system.
Psychotic-like experiences and poor mental health status among Japanese early teens

Epidemiological studies of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) have reported that people who had PLEs during childhood or adolescence have higher incidences of schizophrenia spectrum disorders or other psychiatric disorders later in life than people who have not had PLEs. Previous work has shown that approximately 15% of children in the city of Tsu had PLEs. In this study, we sought to confirm the prevalence of PLEs in early teens living in Nagasaki and to elucidate the associations between PLEs and other psychopathological items. To this end, we used a self-report questionnaire to sample approximately 5,000 stu- dents (aged 12-15 years) in public junior high schools. Similar to the results of previous studies, the prevalence of PLEs was 16.4%. There was a significant association between PLEs and poor mental health status, which was estimated using a 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Moreover, after controlling for confounding factors, we found a significant association between PLEs and a lack of satisfaction with family relationships and several other psychosocial problems. These results suggest that a relatively large proportion of children with PLEs have behavioral, social, or familial problems, which may facilitate future schizophrenic symptoms. ACTA MEDICA NAGASAKIENSIA 56: 35-41, 2011
Twin Screw Extrusion of Sorghum and Soya Blends: A Response Surface Analysis

Blends of sorghum and soybean flours were processed in a co-rotating twin screw extruder to prepare expanded product. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of soya level (SL), feed moisture (FM), barrel temperature (BT) and screw speed (SS) on extruder system parameters and physical properties of the extrudate. Response variables were product temperature (PT), motor torque (MT), specific mechanical energy (SME), expansion ratio (ER), bulk density (BD), hardness (H), crispness (C), water absorption index (WAI), and water solubility index (WSI). Second order polynomial models were developed to determine the responses as a function of process variables. FM , BT , and SS had a significant effect on all the responses except BT on WAI , while SL considerably affected ER , BD , H, C , and WAI . All the models were found to be statistically significant (R 2 > 0.85; insignificant lack of fit). Sorghum-soya extruded product was found to be feasible and the optimum values of processing variables were: SL : 14 per cent; FM: 14 per cent wb; BT : 129°C; and SS : 422 rpm.
Glacier ice structures influence on moraines developement (Hørbye glacier, Central Spitsbergen)

Glacier ice structures influence on moraines developement (Hørbye glacier, Central Spitsbergen) Geomorphological and basic sedimentological investigation of controlled moraine system was carried out at the ice surface and within the moraine complex zone of the Hørbye glacier (Central Spitsbergen). The Hørbye glacier creates controlled moraine chains regarding transversal fractures and longitudinal foliation. The forms parallel to the ice flow direction are represented by medial moraines, whereas transversal ones by thrustmoraines. Both arrangements are clearly visible. However, thrust and shear planes are more effective in creating forms, both on the ice surface and in the moraine complex. The longitudinal landforms are less distinct, moreover they are coarser-grained and worse rounded, in contrast to the material from shear and thrust plains which is finer and better rounded. The study area can be divided into three subzones: clean ice surface, debris covered ice fractures and moraine complex. The outer and inner sandur plain were not taken under consideration. It is suggested that present arrangement of both thrust or shear plains and longitudinal foliation controls formation of foreland relief. This hypothesis has a particular sense in understanding construction of modern sedimentary basins as well as the mechanism of terminoglacial relief formation with regend to ice structure.
Effect Of Mechanical Treatment On Softwood Kraft Fiber Properties

The aim of this work was to gain a better understanding of the changes occurring in softwood strength properties and fiber wall structure after mechanical treatment was applied to the chip/fiber matrix during kraft cooking. Mechanical treatment of fibers during industrial and laboratory production of pulp is common. In the pulp mill the pulp is mixed, pumped and shear forces are applied to the fiber at different temperatures and under different chemical conditions. The main objective of this research was to investigate the reasons for fiber strength loss and to examine the changes that really affect fiber strength. Fiber damage, changes in the fiber wall structure, reduced single softwood kraft fiber strength and fiber deformations (curl, kinks and dislocations) all affected the fiber network properties. Mechanical treatment at the end of kraft cooking conditions resulted in fiber damage such that single fiber strength was reduced. This increased with increasing treatment temperature. It was concluded that both mechanical treatment at the end of cooking and homogenisation at room temperature of kraft pulp fibers increased the number of fiber deformations. The increase in fiber deformations did not reduce single fiber strength but did affect the strength properties of the fiber network. The fiber damage induced by mechanical treatment also decreased the z-directional strength of the fiber network, which was concluded to be due to separation of the structural elements on the fiber surface layer. The separation of structural elements could enhance the irregularities on the fiber surface layer and so reduce the bonding area. The bulking of the fiber surface layer, e.g. more separated layers, might reduce the ability to resist z-directional stresses. The effect of mechanical treatment on spruce fibers was more severe than on the corresponding pine fibers. The spruce fibers developed more deformations and damage as a result of mechanical treatment. The reasons for the lower bonding and strength properties of the damaged fibers could be due to differences in the fiber wall structures of spruce and pine. Overall the results suggested that fiber damage induced by mechanical treatment during cooking changed the fiber wall pore structure in such a way that the number of links (between fibrill aggregates) in the fibril (aggregate) skeleton of the fiber wall decreased. The reduced contact in the fibril aggregate skeleton of the fiber wall (because of fewer restrictions) affected the cell wall structure so that it could no longer support stresses in the fiber network. The zero-span tensile strength of fibers was not dependent on the degree of fiber deformation, but according to the hypothesis presented above, on the 3-dimensional arrangement of the structural elements in the fiber wall. This 3-dimensional arrangement of the structural elements in the fiber wall defines the axial load bearing ability of the softwood kraft fiber. CONTENTS PREFACE LIST OF PUBLICATIONS AUTHORS CONTRIBUTION
Assisting novice researchers in utilizing the web as a platform for research: semantic approach

The access to internet has tremendously changed the way of information dissemination. The emergence of digital libraries and institutional repositories provides endless supplies of knowledge. Scholars in particular, make use of research output in the form of conference proceedings, journal and theses as references and guideline in generating new knowledge for the use of future generations. Novice researchers are the form of scholars which always drown in the ocean of information. This scholarly content resides on several heterogeneous databases that need to be integrated. Support in the early stage of study is crucial for novice researchers as it will give them some insights of where to seek for extra information based on institutions, people and research trend without having to go through tedious process of identifying this information all by themselves. Previous studies have identified support features that are useful for novice researchers among which are Relevant Literatures and Expert Detection. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to explore each of these support features and suggest state-of-the art development approach by utilizing Semantic Web technologies. The algorithms involved with each of the support features will be discussed. The result of the implementation shows significant information that can be utilized by novice researchers in accelerating research process. The evaluation of the information retrieved from the support features is elaborated. Future works in enhancing the proposed prototype are also discussed in the concluding remarks.