Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of job burnout on the performance of the employees of the Justice Department (Case study: Employees of the Justice Department of Alborz Province)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of job burnout on the performance of the employees of the Justice Department (Case study: Employees of the Justice Department of Alborz Province). The research method is a descriptive-analytic type that is based on the structural equation model. The community consists of 728 administrative and judicial employees in the province of Alborz, which includes eight groups with different population ratios.For example, 252 of them were selected randomly by stratified random sampling. The measurement tool in this study is a questionnaire. To assess the appropriateness of its validity and reliability, it was measured. The questionnaire had the necessary content validity and also to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha method was used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.923, therefore, the validity of this instrument was confirmed.The results of the structural equation analysis on the proposed model showed that the model has a good and acceptable fit and showed that job burnout has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the employees of the Justice Department.
Quantifying the Impact of Compromised Items in CAT

If a few test items should become compromised, their impact on test scores would not be constant across different computerized adaptive testing (CAT) programs. Each CAT program is unique in a wide range of factors, such as the complexity of test specification, the characteristics of CAT item banks, item selection algorithm, item exposure control, item response theory model, pretest strategy, and scoring method. All of these factors interact with the impact of compromised items on test scores. As a result, evaluating the impact of compromised items in a CAT program is a challenging task. The current study approached the problem from a unique perspective and used a new method of simulation to quantify the impact of compromised items on the Graduate Management Admission Test® (GMAT®) CAT. Although the results are specific to the GMAT CAT program, the simulation method employed applies to any CAT program. Acknowledgment Presentation of this paper at the 2009 Conference on Computerized Adaptive Testing was supported in part with funds from GMAC . Copyright © 2009 by the Author All rights reserved. Permission is granted for non-commercial use. Citation Guo, F. (2009). Quantifying the impact of compromised items in CAT. In D. J. Weiss (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2009 GMAC Conference on Computerized Adaptive Testing. Retrieved [date] from www.psych.umn.edu/psylabs/CATCentral/ Author Contact Fanmin Guo, 1600 Tysons Boulevard, #1400, McLean, VA 22102, U.S.A. Email: fguo@gmac.com
EXPLOITATION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY AMONG WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR TOLERANCE TO PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY STRESS

Forty six wheat genotypes from different origins were tested at stress (25 μM P) and adequate (250 μM P) levels of phosphorus (P) developed in a modified Johnson's nutrient solution. Response of wheat genotypes for tolerance to P deficiency stress was measured at two growth stages in terms of growth, P uptake, and P utilization efficiency. Substantial differences in shoot and root growth were observed among genotypes at both stress and adequate P levels in the growth medium. Reduction in shoot biomass due to P deficiency varied from >50% to 27%. Similarly P concentration in shoot and root, P uptake, specific absorption rate of P, and P utilization efficiency varied significantly at both levels of applied P. A significant negative correlation between P stress factor and root dry weight (r = −0.396**), shoot P uptake (r = −0.451**), and specific absorption rate of P (r = −0.281**, P < 0.01) suggested that the genotypes with greater root biomass, higher P uptake potentials in shoots, and absorption rate of P were generally more tolerant to P deficiency in the growth medium. Wheat genotypes were grouped according to the ranking order of investigated plant characteristics and shoot dry matter yield per unit of P absorbed. Genotypes Inqlab-91, SARC-II, SARC-IV, Chakwal-86, 90627, 89626, and Parvaz-94 were P efficient, while genotypes Pak-81, Pato, 88042, 88163, 89295, 4072, 89313, and 91109 were P inefficient. All other genotypes were intermediate in P use efficiency.
Role of Hyaluronic Acid in the Homeostasis and Therapeutics of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis

The aim of this study was to perform a literature review regarding the role of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the homeostasis and therapeutics of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA). The TMJ has characteristics that give it special adaptat ion nd recovery abilities, where HA plays a fundamental role in helping to maintain joint homeostasis, which is affected in pathologic al pr cesses like OA. OA is a chronic degenerative multi-factor disease that can affect all the components of the synovial joints, causing d egradation of the articular cartilage, extracellular matrix and breakage in the HA molecules. HA is a non-branched linear polysaccharide w ith viscosupplementation, anti-inflammatory, lubrication and pain relief effects; it also activates the intrinsic repair processes of th cartilage and normalizes the endogenous production of HA by the synoviocytes. In recent years, the therapeutic use of HA has shown eviden ce that supports its application in TMJ OA, improving viscosupplementation capacity, acting at the cellular and molecular levels, reducing various inflammatory mediators and improving the reparative characteristics. Its use has been studied in animal models and in h umans. However, no consensus has been reached in terms of concentrations, dose, application frequency or molecular weight to be used.
A Benefit-Cost Analysis of Ten Street Tree Species in Modesto, California, U.S.

Tree work records for ten species were analyzed to estimate average annual management costs by dbh class for six activity areas. Average annual benefits were calculated by dbh class for each species with computer modeling. Average annual net benefits per tree were greatest for London plane (Platanus acerifolia) ($178.57), hackberry (Celtis sinensis) ($148.42), and Modesto ash (Fraxinus velutina 'Modesto') ($126.16) and least for pear (Pyrus calleryana cvs.) ($33.65), pistache (Pistacia chinensis) ($64.98), and camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) ($71.36). Benefit­cost ratios (BCRs) were greatest for plane (24.3:1), ginkgo (7.4:1), and camphor (7.3:1). Species with the lowest BCRs were sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) (2.4:1), pear (2.6:1), and pistache (3.3:1). Aging of sweetgum and Modesto ash will result in reduced net benefits because BCRs decreased once trees reached the 46 cm dbh class. Uses of benefit ­cost data to increase future net benefits are discussed.
The Impact of Proximity to Wet Markets and Supermarkets on Household Dietary Diversity in Nanjing City, China

This study investigated the influence of the proximity to wet markets and supermarkets on urban household dietary diversity in Nanjing. Based on the data collected through a citywide survey in 2015 and the map data of wet markets and supermarkets, the Poisson regression model was deployed to examine the correlations between geographical proximity to supermarkets and wet markets and household dietary diversity. The result shows that the coefficients for the distance to the nearest wet market are not statistically significant. Although the coefficients for the distance to nearest supermarket are statistically significant, they were too minor to reach a practical importance. We argue, however, that the insignificant correlations reflect exactly the high physical accessibility to food outlets and the extensive spatially dense food supply network constituted by wet markets, supermarkets and small food stores in Nanjing, due in part to the food infrastructure development planning in Nanjing that has ensured relatively equal and convenient access to wet markets or supermarkets for all households. Our findings are verified by the survey data that more than 90% of households purchased fresh food items within their neighborhoods or in walking distance. In addition to the densely distributed food outlets, various other factors contributed to the non-significant influence of the distance to the nearest wet market and supermarket, in particular, the numerous small food stores within or close to residential communities, the prevalence of three-generation extended household structure and the high household income.
The Economics of Farm Fragmentation: Evidence from Ghana and Rwanda

Farm fragmentation, in which a household operates more than one separate parcel of land, is a common phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa. Concerned by the perceived costs of fragmented as opposed to consolidated holdings, several countries have implemented land consolidation programs. But these interventions overlook the benefits that land fragmentation can offer farmers in managing risk, in overcoming seasonal labor bottlenecks, and in better matching soil types with necessary food crops. This article uses household data from Ghana and Rwanda to discuss the incidence and causes of fragmentation. It then formally tests the relation between fragmentation and land productivity and risk reduction. The conclusion is that consolidation programs are unlikely to lead to significant increases in land productivity and may actually make farmers worse off. Policymakers should focus instead on reducing the root causes of fragmentation: inefficiencies in land, labor, credit, and food markets.
Does Customer Trust Play a Mediating Role between Salesperson Competence and Performance

The questions of what competence constitutes in salesperson performance and why it does matter are important issue of marketing and sales management. This study examined the importance of competence in a salesperson’s performance and the mechanism underlying the relationship between competence and performance. We used multiple sources to collect data from 165 sales agents working in a life insurance company and 338 customers at two time points. The results demonstrated that the mediation of the effect of social and professional competence on objective salesperson performance differed depending on affective trust and cognitive trust.
Buccal bone loss after immediate implantation can be reduced by the flapless approach

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the buccal bone remodeling after immediate implantation with flap or flapless approach. Material and Methods The mandibular bilateral premolars of 3 dogs were extracted and immediately three implants were placed in both hemi-arches of each dog. Randomly, one hemi-arch was treated with the flapless approach, while in the contra lateral hemi-arch tooth extractions and implant placement were done after mucoperiosteal flap elevation. Non-submerged healing of 12 weeks was provided for both groups. Histomorphometric analysis was done to compare buccal and lingual bone height loss, bone density and bone-to-implant contact in the groups. Fluorescence analysis was performed to investigate the dynamic of bone remodeling in the different groups. Results There was a significant association between the surgical flap and the extent of bone resorption around immediate implants. The loss of buccal bone height was significantly lower in the flapless group when compared to the flap group (0.98 mm x 2.14 mm, respectively, p<0.05). The coronal and apical buccal bone densities of the flap group were significantly higher when compared to the lingual components, showing anatomical differences between the bone plates. Fluorescence analysis showed no major differences in bone healing between the flap and flapless groups, supporting that the higher loss of buccal bone height is linked to the anatomic characteristics of this plate and to the negative influence of the detachment of the periosteum in immediate implant therapy. Conclusion The flapless approach for immediate post-extraction implants reduces the buccal bone height loss.
Apology strategies in Jordanian Arabic

Most apology studies in the Jordanian context have investigated apologies based on a corpus of elicited data. Rarely have apologies been observed in the natural data; nor have the contextual factors that obligated these apologies been considered. This study is based on a corpus of 1100 naturally occurring apology events, collected through an ethnographic observation. Semi-structured interview was also used to examine the influence of contextual factors (social status, social distance, and severity of offence) on the choice of apology strategies. The respondents for this study were selected via convenient sampling. The naturally occurring apologies were coded using a modified version of the apology strategy typology outlined by Olshtain and Cohen (1983). There are series of findings that are worth noting; the first is that, acknowledging responsibility was the most common apology strategy in Jordanian Arabic. Second, acknowledging responsibility and swearing by God’s name, formed the most frequent combination of apology strategies in this language. Third, another strategy that was high on the percentage of occurrence and deserving discussion was the non-apology strategies. Fourth, the selections of apology strategies were influenced by social status more than the degree of the severity of the offence or the social distance. Last but not least, new culture-specific apology strategies were detected in the corpus and elaborated in the paper. The findings of the study will assist material developers in preparing for resource books or modules for teaching and training of language and cultural awareness. The findings can also be used to raise the awareness about the sociocultural rules that govern the use of language functions.
Structural change and the Kuznets hypothesis

This study takes a fresh look at how the structural changes within developing economies lead to an inverted U relationship between income per capita and income inequality. In lower income countries, economic growth raises income inequality because the gains of growth are restricted to a small group of households due to the urban-rural, formal-informal divides and existing skill gaps. In the latter phases of development, the labor markets become more homogenous; labor becomes mainly medium/higher-skilled and moves towards the urban formal sector. Thereafter, the benefits of economic growth spread to the wider population, and the income Gini coefficient declines. This paper first theoretically discusses how these changes are mediated by a) urbanization; b) changes in the level of informality; and c) changes in education inequality. The paper then tests the validity of the Kuznets hypothesis using panel data techniques and a cross-country dataset. The results show that an inverted U relationship between income per capita and income inequality only exists in the developing economies. The empirical findings also support the claim that income per capita affects income inequality through sectoral shares and informal employment. However, the evidence is weaker on income per capita's influence through education inequality.
A STATISTICAL APPEARANCE MODEL BASED ON INTENSITY QUANTILES

We present a novel histogram based approach for statistically characterizing the appearance of deformable models. In deformable model segmentation, appearance models measure the likelihood of an object given a target image. To determine this likelihood we compute pixel intensity quantiles of object-relative image regions from a weighted 3D image volume near the object boundary. We use a Gaussian model to statistically characterize the variation of quantiles understood in Euclidean space via the Mallows distance. The probability of intensities from gas and bone tissue are separately modeled to leverage a priori information on their expected distributions. The method is illustrated and evaluated in a segmentation study on CT images of the human left kidney. Results show improvement over a profile based appearance model and that the global maximum of the MAP estimate gives clinically acceptable segmentations in almost all of the cases studied.
Processing Factors of Several Pesticides and Degradation Products in Carrots by Household and Industrial Processing

To quantify the effect of household and industrial processing on the pesticide residues, carrots (Daucus carota) were sprayed during cultivation with three fungicides (boscalid, difenoconazole and tebuconazole), two insecticides (chlorpyrifos and dimethoate) and one herbicide (linuron). The most concentrated formulations were applied pursuant to Good Agricultural Practices, to ensure sufficiently high levels of residues, The subsequent processing conditions were established to correspond as close as possible to the actual conditions that are normally used in industrial practice. The effects of household and industrial processing on the levels of the six pesticide residues and eight associated degradation products were quantified. The washing step allowed decreasing the concentration of residues for all pesticides up to ~ 90%. It was the most effective step to remove pesticide residues from carrots. The second process, peeling, results in a reduction comparable to washing. The blanching step, combining heat with a large quantity of water, enhanced the elimination of residues (maximum 50%). After cutting and washing, the residual concentrations were below 5 ppb. However it was observed that the level of pesticide residues was not reduced by microwave cooking. The pesticide residues remaining after previous processing, except difenoconazole, were decreased by sterilization. The cumulative processes allowed the elimination of minimum 90% of pesticide residues. Degradation products, investigated in this study, were not detected.
Review Paper on Mutation Breeding as Applied in Groundnut (Arachis Hypogea L.) Improvement

Groundnut or peanut is one among the five extensively grown oil crops of Ethiopia where it is grown and utilized for extracting cooking oil, and also for confectionary under rain fed condition. As a legume, groundnut improves soil by fixing nitrogen biologically without consuming non-renewable energies and without disturbing agro-ecological balance. Aflatoxin is one of the major problems in groundnut, which hinders not only the domestic consumption but also export of groundnut since the international regulation for minimum standards for aflatoxin contamination is becoming stringent. To reduce the harmful effect of Aflatoxin and meeting other agronomic and breeding objectives, mutation breeding is an important breeding strategy. The objective of this review paper was to refer the works done so far to improve the groundnut varieties through mutation breeding. Mutation breeding relies on the implementation of either physical or chemical agents in order to create variability in the population of interest through the process called mutagenesis. Mutagenesis is the process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed in a stable manner. Mutagenesis can be physical (the use of physical agents) or chemical (the use of chemical agents) to create variability. Development of high-yielding peanut mutants through chemical mutagenesis such as Flower injection of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), Seed treatment with chemical mutagens such as sodium azide (NaN3) was resulted in yield increment over untreated local varieties. Physical mutagens include electromagnetic radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays and UV light and particle radiation such as fast and thermal neutrons, s and alfa particles were also used in ground nut improvement.
From 'bored' to screen: the use of the interactive whiteboard for literacy in six primary classrooms in England

In recent years, interactive white boards (IWBs) have been introduced into many primary classrooms in England. This enquiry examines the ways in which they are being used in the context of literacy teaching, in six primary classrooms in the south-west. Drawing on the perspectives of teachers and pupils, this report reflects on the impact of IWB use on the teaching and learning of literacy. It concludes that, while IWB use appears to have some general effects, such as supporting a more cross-curricular approach to literacy and raising the level of student engagement, their use is not identical in all classrooms. In the classrooms studied, IWBs are used in various ways, according to teachers’ technical expertise and experience. To help more teachers towards effective use of the IWB, it is suggested that, rather than the ‘top-down’ commercial or professional models of transmission training, teachers need a ‘bottom-up’ approach, that is more practitioner focused.
Improved behaviour of concrete-filled- Steel-tube columns with external confinement

In high-strength concrete columns, because of the heavy demand of confining steel to restore the column ductility, it is more efficient to provide the confinement in the form of steel tube to form concrete-filled-steel-tube (CFST) column. Comparing with the transverse steel, CFST columns provide a stronger and more uniform confining pressure to the concrete core, and reduce the steel congestion problem for better concrete placing quality. However, a major shortcoming of CFST columns is the imperfect steel-concrete interface bonding at the elastic stage as steel dilates more than concrete in compression. This adversely affects the confinement of the steel tube and decrease the elastic modulus. To resolve the problem, it is proposed in this study to use external steel confinement in the forms of rings and ties to restrict the dilation of steel tube. For verification, a series of uni-axial compression test was performed on some CFST columns to study the effectiveness of external confinement. From the results, it was found that: (1) Both rings and ties improved the stiffness of the CFST columns; (2) The rings improve significantly the axial strength of the CFST columns while the ties did not improve the axial strength; (3) All externally confined CFST columns can reach a strain of at least 20% before failure occurs.
DETECTION OF STX1, STX2, EAE, ESPB AND HLY GENES IN AVIAN PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI BY MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of selected virulence genes in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). We examined 12 APEC isolates which belonged to the most common serotypes in Iran. All 12 isolates were tested for the presence of stx1, stx2, eae, espB and hly genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in two protocols. In the first protocol the isolates were tested with EC and with hly primers, and in the second protocol the isolates were examined with eae, stx1, stx2 and espB primers. Seventy five percent (9) of the isolates carried only stx2 gene sequence and just one isolate had both stx1 and stx2 genes. Furthermore, 2 isolates (16.66 %) possessed eae sequence and 3 isolates carried espB (25%). The hly gene was not detected in any of the isolates. The findings of this study indicated that the Stx2 may be widespread among APEC in Iran. J.Vet. Res. 62,2:37-42,2007.
X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY OF THE PHASE AND MORPHOLOGY CHANGES IN YTTRIUM COMPOUND NANOPARTICLES

In the present experimental study, the precipitation of basic yttrium nitrate from aqueous solutions allowed the optimization of conditions for the preparation of loosely aggregated Y2(OH)5NO3 1.5H2O, the thermal decomposition of which, under controlled annealing, permitted the synthesis of yttria nanoparticles with desirable microstructure. The latter material can be widely used to manufacture yttria optical ceramics. Y2(OH)5NO3 1.5H2O thermolysis occurs via the formation of a metastable hexagonal Y2O3-based phase (a = 8:04, c = 12:37 ˚ A).