Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local oscillator requirements and noise performance of a cryogenic 360 GHz Schottky diode subharmonic mixer

Improving the cryogenic performance of subharmonic Schottky mixers in terms of minimum noise and LO power is of high relevance for a large number of space missions. In this work we carry out a theoretical and experimental analysis of a 360 GHz subharmonic mixer at 77 K in order to improve our understanding of cryogenic mixers and provide a procedure to reduce the LO power required by these receivers. By using a physics based model of the diode it will be shown that the increase on the LO power reported in the literature for cryogenic subharmonic mixers is related to the increase of the mismatch of the LO source, and that this effect can be taken into account in the design stage by using proper physics based diode models.
Eddington-limited Accretion in z ∼ 2 WISE-selected Hot, Dust-obscured Galaxies

Hot, dust-obscured galaxies, or “Hot DOGs,” are a rare, dusty, hyperluminous galaxy population discovered by the WISE mission. Predominantly at redshifts 2–3, they include the most luminous known galaxies in the universe. Their high luminosities likely come from accretion onto highly obscured supermassive black holes (SMBHs). We have conducted a pilot survey to measure the SMBH masses of five Hot DOGs via broad Hα emission lines, using Keck/MOSFIRE and Gemini/FLAMINGOS-2. We detect broad Hα emission in all five Hot DOGs. We find substantial corresponding SMBH masses for these Hot DOGs ( ), and their derived Eddington ratios are close to unity. These Hot DOGs are the most luminous active galactic nuclei for their BH masses, suggesting that they are accreting at the maximum rates for their BHs. A similar property is found for known quasars. Our results are consistent with scenarios in which Hot DOGs represent a transitional, high-accretion phase between obscured and unobscured quasars. Hot DOGs may mark a special evolutionary stage before the red quasar and optical quasar phases, and they may be present at other cosmic epochs.
Household Evacuation Decision Making and the Benefits of Improved Hurricane Forecasting: Developing a Framework for Assessment

Hurricane warnings are the primary sources of information that enable the public to assess the risk and develop responses to threats from hurricanes. These warnings have significantly reduced the number of hurricane-related fatalities in the last several decades. Further investment in the science and implementation of the warning system is a primary mission of the National Weather Service and its partners. It is important that the weather community understand the public’s preferences and values for such investments; yet, there is little empirical information on the use of forecasts in evacuation decision making, the economic value of current forecasts, or the potential use or value for improvements in hurricane forecasts. Such information is needed to evaluate whether improved forecast provision and dissemination offer more benefit to society than alternative public investments. Fundamental aspects of households’ perceptions of hurricane forecasts and warnings and their potential uses of and values for improved hurricane forecast information are examined. The study was designed in part to examine the viability of survey research methods for exploring evacuation decision making and for eliciting values for improved hurricane forecasts and warnings. First, aspects that affect households’ stated likelihood of evacuation are explored, because informing such decisions is one of the primary purposes of hurricane forecasts and warnings. Then, stated-choice valuation methods are used to analyze choices between potential forecast-improvement programs and the accuracy of existing forecasts. From this, the willingness to pay (WTP) for improved forecasts is derived from survey respondents.
Does Exchange Rate Risk Matter for Welfare?

Volatility in exchange rates is a prominent feature of open economies, a fact which has motivated elaborate attempts in many countries at exchange rate management. This paper analyzes quantitatively the welfare effects of exchange rate risk in a general two-country environment. It finds that the effects of uncertainty tend to be small for the types of simplified cases considered in past literature. But it identifies other cases, not considered previously, in which these effects can be significantly larger. These include habit persistence, where agents are more sensitive to risk, and also incomplete asset market structures which allow for asymmetries between countries. The latter case suggests that countries which are hosts to an international reserve currency, such as the U.S. or members of the euro zone, may accrue
Sterols and Oxysterols Occurrence and Analysis in By-product Feed Fats and Animal Tissues

Abstract The ingredients of animal feed formulation, especially the fatty sources, play a significant role in the production of high-quality food of animal origin. Industrial fat by-products are a major source of feeding fats in Europe. The main objectives of the project were firstly to assess feed fats and oils for their composition and content of sterols (cholesterol and phytosterols) and oxysterols, and secondly to assess the levels of cholesterol and oxycholesterols of chicken and rabbit tissues after feeding with especially formulated feeds containing trans fatty acids and oxidized lipids. The lack of standardized analytical procedure prompted the evaluation of an in-house purification method by comparing it with a number of commonly used methods for the analysis of oxysterols. The saponification and transesterification steps showed rather comparable results. A two-dimensional capillary GC column with different stationary phases (a 35% phenyl column coupled to an apolar 5% phenyl column) was used for better resolution of a large number of oxysterols. This new system improved the separation efficiency and reduced the analytical time for a wide range of oxysterols. The satisfactory purification method and the reliable separation of oxysterols facilitated the qualitative and quantitative assessment of sterols and oxysterols in samples of by-products from chemical and physical refining. A large variation in the levels of sterols and oxysterols was observed in the fat by-products from chemical and physical refining processes for edible fats and oils. The observed variations in the contents and composition of sterols and oxysterols were mainly due to the origins, production facility and different processing conditions of the by-product samples. The highly oxidized lipid and trans fatty acid feeds significantly increased the contents of cholesterol and oxycholesterols in edible parts, e.g. the muscles and livers of chickens and rabbits (0.01< p ! 0.05). Hence, the consumption of products from animals fed with higher levels of trans fatty acids and oxidized lipid feeds may contribute to higher ingestion of cholesterol and oxycholesterols by humans. Keywords: Animal tissues, chicken, cholesterol, fat by-products, feed fats, oxycholesterols, oxyphytosterols, phytosterols, rabbit, two-dimensional capillary GC Author’s address: S. J. Kumari. A. Ubhayasekera, SLU, Department of Food Science, P.O. Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden E-mail: Kumari.Ubhayasekera@lmv.slu. se
Regression Analysis of Bond Parameters between Corroded Rebar and Concrete Based on Reported Test Data

Reinforcement corrosion is a major cause of degradation in reinforced concrete structures. The fragile rust layer and cracking and spalling of the cover caused by splitting stress due to rust expansion can alter bond behaviors significantly. Despite extensive experimental tests, no stochastic model has yet incorporated randomness into the bond parameters model. This paper gathered published experimental data on the bond-slip parameters of pull-out specimens and beam-end specimens. Regression analysis was carried out to identify the best fit of bond strength and the corresponding slip value in the context of different corrosion levels from the recollected test results. An F-test confirmed the regression effect to be significant. Residual data were also analyzed and found to be well described by a normal distribution. Crack width data of the tested specimens were also collected. A regression analysis of the bond strength and maximum crack width was carried out given the comparative simplicity of measuring crack width versus rebar area loss. Results indicate that maximum crack width can also be used to predict bond strength degradation with similar variation magnitude.
Translational Upregulation of Cellular Oxidative 1 Phosphorylation mRNAs During Vaccinia Virus-induced Host Shutoff 2

Ribosome Profiling Reveals Translational Upregulation of Cellular Oxidative 1 Phosphorylation mRNAs During Vaccinia Virus-induced Host Shutoff 2 Aimei Dai*, Shuai Cao*, Pragyesh Dhungel*, Yizhao Luan, Yizhi Liu, Zhi Xie#, 3 Zhilong Yang# 4 5 1. State Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology and 6 Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 7 500040, China 8 2. Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA 9 10 Running title: Translational response to VACV infection 11 12 # To whom correspondence should be addressed. Zhilong Yang, Email: zyang@ksu.edu or 13 Zhi Xie, Email: xiezhi@gmail.com 14 * Equal contribution. These authors contribute equally to this work and should be regarded 15 as joint first authors. 16 Current address: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat17 sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China. 18 19 20 Word counts 21 Abstract: 234 22 Text: 5635 23 24 25 26 27 JVI Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 21 December 2016 J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.01858-16 Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Metadata of the chapter that will be visualized online Chapter Title Digital Games and Second Language Learning

As interactive, multimodal, immersive, and extremely popular environments, digital games have received increasing interest from educators in recent years for their potential to enhance the language learning experience, both inside and outside the classroom. Review studies from general education have confirmed that “playing computer games is linked to a range of perceptual, cognitive, behavioral, affective and motivational impacts and outcomes” (Connolly et al. Computers & Education 59(2):661–686, 2012) although this depends on the subject matter (Young et al. Review of Educational Research 82(1):61–89, 2012). Early studies in the area of language acquisition have demonstrated positive effects of game play on motivation, willingness to communicate, language socialization, and a range of other factors involved in the language learning process. As a relatively new field, however, there are significant gaps in the available literature, and many worthwhile areas remain yet to be explored. In this article, I will describe how research into digital games relates to earlier research on game-based learning, primarily with younger learners, before discussing the key areas in which studies have been carried out and their most important findings. The following sections discuss some of the challenges faced by the field and suggest future directions for research and development in this field.
Stochastic Nested Variance Reduced Gradient Descent for Nonconvex Optimization

We study finite-sum nonconvex optimization problems, where the objective function is an average of $n$ nonconvex functions. We propose a new stochastic gradient descent algorithm based on nested variance reduction. Compared with conventional stochastic variance reduced gradient (SVRG) algorithm that uses two reference points to construct a semi-stochastic gradient with diminishing variance in each epoch, our algorithm uses $K+1$ nested reference points to build an semi-stochastic gradient to further reduce its variance in each epoch. For smooth functions, the proposed algorithm converges to an approximate first order stationary point (i.e., $\|\nabla F(\xb)\|_2\leq \epsilon$) within $\tO(n\land \epsilon^{-2}+\epsilon^{-3}\land n^{1/2}\epsilon^{-2})$\footnote{$\tO(\cdot)$ hides the logarithmic factors} number of stochastic gradient evaluations, where $n$ is the number of component functions, and $\epsilon$ is the optimization error. This improves the best known gradient complexity of SVRG $O(n+n^{2/3}\epsilon^{-2})$ and the best gradient complexity of SCSG $O(\epsilon^{-5/3}\land n^{2/3}\epsilon^{-2})$. For gradient dominated functions, our algorithm achieves $\tO(n\land \tau\epsilon^{-1}+\tau\cdot (n^{1/2}\land (\tau\epsilon^{-1})^{1/2})$ gradient complexity, which again beats the existing best gradient complexity $\tO(n\land \tau\epsilon^{-1}+\tau\cdot (n^{1/2}\land (\tau\epsilon^{-1})^{2/3})$ achieved by SCSG. Thorough experimental results on different nonconvex optimization problems back up our theory.
Sequential Temporal Discrimination in Humans and Mice

Previous studies showed that humans and mice can maximize their rewards in two alternative temporal discrimination tasks by incorporating exogenous probabilities and endogenous timing uncertainty into their decisions. The current study investigated if the probabilistic relations modulated the temporal discrimination performance in scenarios with more than two temporal options. In order to address this question, we tested humans (Experiment 1) and mice (Experiment 2) in the dual-switch task, which required subjects to discriminate three time intervals (short, medium, and long durations) in a sequential fashion. The latencies of switches from short to medium and from medium to long option were the main units of analysis. The results revealed that the timing of switches between the first two options (short-to-medium) were sensitive to probabilistic information in both humans and mice. However, mice but not humans adapted the timing of their subsequent switches between the last two options (medium-to-long) based on the probabilistic information associated with these latter options. These results point at a suboptimal tendency in the temporal decisions of humans with multiple options.
Rodents and Restionaceae : sex-specific plant-animal interactions in dioecious plants

Differing plant canopy structures between the sexes of the dioecious Cannomois congesta (Restionaceae) were found to be the result of a destructive seed acquisition strategy used by the four-striped mouse (Rhabdomys). Mature, reproductive culms on female plants were felled down (mid way down the culm) in large numbers by Rhabdomys in order for it to access the seeds held terminally on culms. In 2014, an estimated 15% of mature, living culms were felled from females during September-November, leading to significant seed losses. Male plants were largely unaffected due to their lack of seeds. Seeds acquired through culm-felling by Rhabdomys were all eaten shortly after their discovery, leading to significant seed mortality each year. Sex-specific culm-felling pressure over a number of years has resulted in female C. congesta canopies being dominated by felled, culm-stumps (half culms) and male canopies being dominated by senescent culms. When measured in 2014, females were found to have a mean of 81% of their total culms (ever produced) felled (ratio increases over time), while males had roughly the same proportion of senescent culms. The proportion of living culms was 11% lower in females. Culm diameter was similar between sexes, however females had larger basal diameters on average leading to a higher number of total culms. The effects of culm-felling on female C. congesta canopy structure could have implications for many different interlinking plant processes, leading to differences in overall functionality and fitness between C. congesta sexes. The loss of seeds presents a significant challenge for myrmecochory as seeds predated upon by Rhabdomys did not make it to the ground, thus excluding ants from the competition for these seeds. This was added to the pressure from Rhabdomys for seeds that did manage to fall to the ground. These findings provide the rationale to further investigate the effects of such a sex-specific phenomenon and its incidence in other species.
An Analysis of Women’s Leadership Styles: How They Shape Subordinate Perceptions of Female Leaders

Past empirical data has shown that women in leadership positions, who demonstrate leadership styles that diverge from societally prescribed gender roles, tend to be perceived as “unlikable” (Eagly, Makhijani & Klonsky, 1992; Williams & Tiedens, 2016). Although this phenomenon is well documented in the research on women and leadership, studies reported mixed results on which factors, such as leadership style, affect the likability of women in leadership (Eagly & Karau, 2002; Elsesser & Lever, 2011; Kaiser & Wallace, 2016). The current paper will examine which styles of leadership, if any, create a gender bias against female leaders and how much leadership style influences subordinate perceptions, negative and positive, of female leaders.
Effect of CuO Nanoparticle Concentration on R134a/Lubricant Pool Boiling Heat Transfer With Extensive Analysis

This paper quantifies the influence of copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticle concentration on the boiling performance of R134a/polyolester mixtures on a roughened, horizontal flat surface. Nanofluids are liquids that contain dispersed nano-size particles. Two lubricant based nanofluids (nanolubricants) were made with a synthetic polyolester and 30 nm diameter CuO particles to a 4 % and a 2 % volume fraction, respectively. As reported in a previous study for the 4 % volume fraction nanolubricant, a 0.5 % nanolubricant mass fraction with R134a resulted in a heat transfer enhancement relative to the heat transfer of pure R134a/polyolester (99.5/0.5) of between 50 % and 275 %. The same study had shown that increasing the mass fraction of the 4 % volume fraction nanolubricant resulted in smaller, but significant, boiling heat transfer enhancements. The present study shows that use of a nanolubricant with half the concentration of CuO nanoparticles (2 % by volume) resulted in either no improvement or boiling heat transfer degradations with respect to the R134a/polyolester mixtures without nanoparticles. Consequently, significant refrigerant/lubricant boiling heat transfer enhancements are possible with nanoparticles; however, the nanoparticle concentration is an important determining factor. Further research with nanolubricants and refrigerants are required to establish a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that control nanofluid heat transfer.
Therapeutic potential of d-δ-tocotrienol rich fraction on excisional skin wounds in diabetic rats

In diabetes wound healing is delayed due to hyperglycemia, infections and oxidative stress [1]. Hyperglycemia is known to causes increased production of free radicals and insufficiencies in the antioxidant system [2]. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) is secreted in the inflammatory phase of wound healing by neutrophils and macrophages [3]. Both non-enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E) and enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., SOD, GPX, PRDX, and catalase) are involved in the fine tuning of ROS level [4]. And an optimal ROS level is distinctive for each step of wound healing [5].
Challenges in Management of Electronic Records in Private Radio Corporation Libraries in Kaduna State *

This study investigated the challenges in management of electronic records in private radio corporation libraries in Kaduna State. The objective of the study is to determine the types of electronic records available in the libraries and the challenges faced by the libraries in managing these electronic records. Qualitative research methodology was used for the study; interview was the instruments used for data collection. Four (4) private radio corporation libraries were purposively selected including four (4) private radio corporation administrative staff and five (5) private radio corporation libraries staff making a total of nine (9) staff as the sample size. The findings of the study showed that there were different types of electronic records, which include electronic programmes, electronic events, electronic news, electronic music and electronic mail. Technology obsolesces and inadequate trained electronic record managers are found to be the major challenges common to the libraries studied. Among the recommendations made include the need for the corporations to move with the technological trend, as this will help to eliminate the challenges they faced in managing electronic records in their different libraries especially the issue of technology obsolesce and employing qualify staff to manage the electronic records.
Transformational Leadership Behaviors of High School Students’ According to Leisure Preferences and Participation Type

This paper aimed to investigate the transformational leadership behavior of high school students according to leisurepreferences and participation type. 226 high school students attending Bursa Atatürk High School participated in thestudy voluntarily. In the study, to collect data transformational and transactional leadership scale developed byBaşoğlu (2013a) was revised and used. The construct validity of the scale assessed by confirmatory & explanatoryfactor analyzes. To investigate the differences between the participants' transformational leadership behavior KruskalWallis and Mann Whitney U nonparametric tests used. As a result, this study showed that students who chosephysical activities and who actively involved in leisure activities showed more transformational leadership than theother students.
The Impact of Visible and Non-visible Attributes on Group Potency and E # ectiveness Expectations Vesa PELTOKORPI

This study examines the impact of visible and non-visible attributes on group potency and e#ectiveness expectations in temporary small groups. It was hypothesized that diversity in visible and non-visible attributes have a negative impact through psychological safety/trust and interpersonal communication on group potency and group outcome expectations. It was further assumed that diversity in non-visible than visible attributes has a more negative impact on group processes and outcome expectations. The hypotheses, tested with 139 students in 46 groups, provide support for most hypotheses, indicating that diversity has an overall negative impact on group processes and outcome expectations.
Exploring the Antecedents of Job Crafting: A Conditional Process Analysis

In this paper we investigate whether the relationship between leader and members (Leader-Member Exchange, LMX), a key element of work organization, constitutes a relevant antecedent for job crafting. We also investigate whether role breadth self-efficacy mediates such relationship. Then, we look at organizational-level policies, and explore whether human resource initiatives aimed at exposing employees to developmental experiences may influence both the direct relation between LMX and job crafting and the above mentioned mediated relation. Results of a conditional process analysis (a mediated moderation model) with a sample of 172 store level workers indicate that LMX has a positive influence on job crafting. Results also show that developmental experiences moderates the positive direct relationship of LMX on most job crafting behaviors. Moreover, we also found that developmental experiences moderate the positive indirect effect of LMX on some job crafting behaviors via role breadth self-efficacy. These direct and indirect effects of LMX are stronger when developmental experiences are lower. Managerial implications and directions for future research are discussed.