Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of mandibular stability after SSRO with surgery-first approach versus conventional ortho-first approach

Abstract Methods: Postoperative mandibular stability in the surgery-first (SF) approach and ortho-first (OF) approach in orthognathic surgery was retrospectively assessed using the lateral cephalo X-P in 38 patients with skeletal Angle Class III malocclusion who underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Results: The postoperative mandibular relapse of the two groups observed from T1 (2 weeks after the surgery) to T2 (for the OF group, a year after surgery; for the SF group, the day orthodontic treatment was completed) was compared. The mean (SD) horizontal relapse at pogonion was 0.86 (0.92) mm in the forward direction in the SF group and 0.90 (1.09) mm in the forward direction in the OF group. No significant difference was found in the amount of horizontal movement between the two groups. On the other hand, the mean (SD) vertical relapse at pogonion was 1.59 (2.91) mm in the downward direction in the SF group and 0.14 (1.30) mm in the upward direction in the OF group, showing a significant difference in the amount of movement between the two groups. The degree of completion of the occlusion at T2 in the SF group was compared with that in the OF group by measuring OB, OJ, L1-occlusal plane angle, and interincisal angle. No significant difference was found between the two groups and the post-treatment occlusion was clinically favourable. Conclusion: Although the SF approach has several advantages for patients, the method of operation and fixation should be selected carefully to maintain postoperative mandibular stability.
A SURVEY OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA, SEVOFLURANE SEDATION AND INTRAVENOUS SEDATION IN CHUNGNAM DENTAL CLINIC FOR THE DISABLED

General anesthesia or sedation is an essential for a successful dental treatment for the disabled. The aim of this study is to assess the patients who had dental management under general anesthesia or sedation at Chungnam dental clinic for the disabled, who received dental treatment under general anesthesia, sevoflurane sedation and intravenous sedation from January, 2011 to September 2012. Of the 426 patients studied, 389 patients received dental care under general anesthesia, 20 patients received dental care under sevoflurane sedation and 17 patients received dental care under intravenous sedation. The Rate of general anesthesia was higher than that of sevoflurane sedation, intravenous sedation. Sevoflurane sedation is a useful method for short time treatment such as traumatic pediatric patients. Intravenous sedation is an option for patients who had anxiety and fear such as dentally disabled patients. Sevoflurane or intravenous sedation not only gradually reduces the use of general anesthesia but also useful methods themselves for the dentally disabled.
Fluctuation: does blood pressure variability matter?

Effective drug treatment of hypertension for the prevention of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease passed its 50th anniversary 2 years ago.1 Until recently, the most consistent observation among trials had been that stroke risk was directly related to the fall in blood pressure on treatment.2 Older trials established the value of antihypertensive drug treatment and generally recruited disease-free participants at their outset. Recent trials have focused on less healthy participants. Recruitment has been extended to those with a prior stroke, recent myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, chronic renal disease (with or without diabetes mellitus), heart failure, and combined high-risk states and the elderly (old-old). The benefit of antihypertensive drug treatment is still related to the reduction in blood pressure.3 Differences between drug classes have been found in some but not all trials; the differences are generally small, even if statistically significant. Antihypertensive drug treatment is effective in reducing risk for those with a higher disease burden, but risk is never lowered to levels equal to those who have lower pressure without antihypertensive drug treatment and lack prior cardiovascular disease. The hands of the cardiovascular clock may slow, but they never stop or reverse. It is a challenge to unmask traits that might account for the limited effectiveness of antihypertensive drug treatment in its present form. Article see p 569 In a retrospective look at blood pressure patterns in several stroke trials and the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Blood Pressure Lowering (ASCOT BP) …
Self-Reported Skin Morbidities and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study

Background: Impaired dermatological health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been observed in hospital-based studies, but little is known on a population-based level. Objective: To investigate self-reported dermatological HRQoL in the general population. Methods: Hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, pimples, hand rash or atopic eczema were identified using questionnaires in a 15,177 person population sample. A nested case-control study of 180 cases and 259 controls was made using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Skindex-29 and EQ-5D. Results: Cases had higher scores in DLQI and Skindex-29 and a lower score in EQ-5D, suggesting lower HRQoL. Adjusting for age and sex, the differences in Skindex-29 and DLQI were significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Persons with self-reported skin morbidity had lower HRQoL than the general population. The impairment is not as significant as in studies of hospital-based cases, but considering the high prevalence of skin diseases it may still represent a significant burden of disease on society in aggregate.
Simultaneous whole-body PET/MR imaging in comparison to PET/CT in pediatric oncology: initial results.

PURPOSE To compare positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and PET/computed tomography (CT) for lesion detection and interpretation, quantification of fluorine 18 ((18)F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, and accuracy of MR-based PET attenuation correction in pediatric patients with solid tumors. Materials and Methods This prospective study had local ethics committee and German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices approval. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and legal guardians. Twenty whole-body (18)F-FDG PET/CT and (18)F-FDG PET/MR examinations were performed in 18 pediatric patients (median age, 14 years; range, 11-17 years). (18)F-FDG PET/CT and (18)F-FDG PET/MR data were acquired sequentially on the same day for all patients. PET standardized uptake values (SUVs) were quantified with volume of interest measurements in lesions and healthy tissues. MR-based PET attenuation correction was compared with CT-derived attenuation maps (µ-maps). Lesion detection was assessed with separate reading of PET/CT and PET/MR data. Estimates of radiation dose were derived from the applied doses of (18)F-FDG and CT protocol parameters. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed to report correlation coefficients and relative deviations for comparison of SUVs, rates of lesion detection, and percentage reductions in radiation dose. RESULTS PET SUVs showed strong correlations between PET of PET/CT (PETCT) and PET of PET/MR (PETMR) (r > 0.85 for most tissues). Apart from drawbacks of MR-based PET attenuation correction in osseous structures and lungs, similar SUVs were found on PET images corrected with CT-based µ-maps (13.1% deviation of SUVs for bone marrow and <5% deviation for other tissues). Lesion detection rate with PET/MR imaging was equivalent to that with PET/CT (61 areas of focal uptake on PETMR images vs 62 areas on PETCT images). Advantages of PET/MR were observed especially in soft-tissue regions. Furthermore, PET/MR offered significant dose reduction (73%) compared with PET/CT. CONCLUSION Pediatric oncologic PET/MR is technically feasible, showing satisfactory performance for PET quantification with SUVs similar to those of PET/CT. Compared with PET/CT, PET/MR demonstrates equivalent lesion detection rates while offering markedly reduced radiation exposure. Thus, PET/MR is a promising modality for the clinical work-up of pediatric malignancies. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Development of a high-throughput ELISA assay for platelet function testing using platelet-rich plasma or whole blood

Summary Platelets play an essential role in the development of cardiovascular diseases and are the target of several agents that can inhibit their function. Despite the existence of a wide array of techniques to study platelet function, an assay to evaluate several platelet signalling pathways in a high-throughput fashion, combined with minimal blood volume and handling is still needed. We have developed a sensitive assay in the form of a sandwich ELISA where monoclonal antibodies against P-selectin or αIIbβ3 and GPIbα were used to capture and detect platelets, respectively, in the presence of five different agonists [ADP, TRAP (thrombin receptor agonist), U46619 (thromboxane A2 analogue), collagen-related-peptide, and arachidonic acid]. Binding of platelets to the antibodies increased dose-dependently with the concentration of either agonist, while binding of ADP-activated platelets was abrogated when inhibitors of platelet activation were concomitantly added. The test showed good sample reproducibility in 15 healthy donors with conserved platelet response to agonists throughout the assay. Healthy subjects could be identified as normal-, hypo- or hyper-responders for each agonist, which for most cases (73%) was confirmed upon retesting. Finally, we demonstrated that the platelet ELISA assay can not only be used in platelet-rich plasma but also in whole blood; it now awaits large scale studies to assess its full screening and diagnostic values.
Attentional Capture by Salient Distractors during Visual Search Is Determined by Temporal Task Demands

The question whether attentional capture by salient but task-irrelevant visual stimuli is triggered in a bottom–up fashion or depends on top–down task settings is still unresolved. Strong support for bottom–up capture was obtained in the additional singleton task, in which search arrays were visible until response onset. Equally strong evidence for top–down control of attentional capture was obtained in spatial cueing experiments in which display durations were very brief. To demonstrate the critical role of temporal task demands on salience-driven attentional capture, we measured ERP indicators of capture by task-irrelevant color singletons in search arrays that could also contain a shape target. In Experiment 1, all displays were visible until response onset. In Experiment 2, display duration was limited to 200 msec. With long display durations, color singleton distractors elicited an N2pc component that was followed by a late Pd component, suggesting that they triggered attentional capture, which was later replaced by location-specific inhibition. When search arrays were visible for only 200 msec, the distractor-elicited N2pc was eliminated and was replaced by a Pd component in the same time range, indicative of rapid suppression of capture. Results show that attentional capture by salient distractors can be inhibited for short-duration search displays, in which it would interfere with target processing. They demonstrate that salience-driven capture is not a purely bottom–up phenomenon but is subject to top–down control.
Obtaining Required Data via Delphi Expert Opinion Surveys and Target Groups Surveys for Calculation of Financial Losses Resulted from Brucellosis and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Alternative Brucellosis Control Strategies in Turkey (1)

Summary This study aimed obtaining the data via Delphi Expert Opinion Surveys (DEOS) and Targeted Group Surveys (TGS) required for calculation of financial losses caused by Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in infected animals and humans and also required for performing cost-benefit analysis for different brucellosis control strategies in Turkey. DEOS performed in two rounds with 58 specialist veterinarians and medical doctors. TGS performed in one round with 18 livestock enterprises and 25 patients that has officially approved infection diagnosis. As a result of this study, it was determined that DEOS and TGS are extremely beneficial to obtain required data for financial and economical analysis of brucellosis that are not exist in literature and reports of authorized organizations or there are suspects on their credibility.
In vivo studies on the function of cardiac β-adrenoceptors in man

The original Lands classification considered cardiac β-adrenoceptors to be predominantly β1 in type and to respond to both noradrenaline and adrenaline. Radioligand binding studies subsequently identified substantial numbers of β2-adrenoceptors in cardiac tissue. Studies in man employing intensive exercise, isoprenaline testing and a variety of selective and non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonists would now suggest that under certain circumstances these receptors may be functionally active. Severe exercise, as a sympathetic stimulus, is associated with high circulating noradrenaline concentrations, and appears to produce tachycardia predominantly by cardiac β1-adrenoceptor activity. In contrast, isoprenaline testing increases heart rate by a number of mechanisms: it stimulates β1-adrenoceptor activity in the sinoatrial node; it may result in reflex vagal withdrawal; and it appears to stimulate cardiac β2-adrenoceptors directly. In addition, isoprenaline also facilitates noradrenaline release by presynaptic β2-adrenoceptors. Thus the effects of isoprenaline would appear to mimic stress in man with the subsequent release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla and its complex interaction directly and indirectly with both cardiac β1 and β2-adrenoceptors. These differing circumstances may also influence the relative efficacy of fa-selective and non-selective β1-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists.
Disability, depression and somatization in a low back pain population

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in a primary care setting population and examine its association with the symptoms of depression and somatization. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, utilising a survey carried out in primary health care clinics (PHCs) in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE). A multistage stratified sampling design was used and a representative sample of 1304 UAE nationals aged 18–65 years who attended PHC clinics for any reason were included and 1103 (84.5%) subjects agreed to participate and responded to the questionnaire during a period from June 2001 to January 2002. A specially designed questionnaire with three parts was used for the data collection: socio-demographic information of the studied subjects, modified version of the Roland-Morris scale for evaluating back-related functional disability and SCL-90 R for depression and somatization subscales was used to assess depressive and somatic symptoms. Results: Of the total number of subjects surveyed (1103), 586 (53.1%) were men and 517 (46.9%) women. The mean age was 34.9 ± 13.4 years for men and 33.5 ± 11.8 years for women. The prevalence of LBP in the studied subjects was 64.7% (95% CI, 60.7–68.5] with 46.7% among men and 53.3% among women. There were a significant differences between the subjects with LBP and without LBP with respect to gender (P < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001), occupational status (P < 0.001) and living environment (P = 0.016). Functional disability was higher in patients with LBP. Young patients in aged 15–34 years, patients with preparatory/secondary educational level and students showed higher depressive symptoms. A similar pattern was found in patients with somatic symptoms. Factor analysis revealed a strong association between depression and somatization in LBP patients. Conclusions: Functional disability was higher in with LBP. Furthermore, symptoms of depression and somatization are prevalent among LBP patients.
Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) Trial

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), accounting for two thirds of patient deaths. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, hyperglycemia and multiple other factors associated with T2DM such as obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation play significant roles in cardiovascular disease risk.1 Patients with diabetes mellitus have derived less benefit from multiple preventive and interventional advances. Indeed, in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) trial, angioplasty appeared to provide very little benefit for patients with diabetes mellitus,2 a finding supported by a meta-analysis of randomized interventional trials,3 although modern revascularization techniques with the use of drug-eluting stents were not yet widely utilized. Therefore, the questions addressed in the BARI 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial are of particular importance in determining optimal treatments to prevent mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM and stable ischemic heart disease. Both prompt revascularization compared with intensive medical therapy alone or with delayed revascularization, and insulin-sensitization compared with insulin-provisional therapeutic strategies were evaluated in 2368 patients over 5 years with the use of a 2×2 randomized factorial trial design.4 With recognition of the cardiovascular benefits of optimal management of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes mellitus,5 the BARI 2D study was performed with guideline-driven targets for lipids, blood pressure, and aspirin use. First, in a comparison of prompt revascularization with intensive medical therapy alone or with delayed revascularization, similar survival (88.3% versus 87.8%; P =0.97) and freedom from cardiovascular event rates (77.2% versus 75.9%; P =0.70) were demonstrated. However, a high proportion (42%) of subjects initially randomized to medical intervention received delayed revascularization. These findings extend those of the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial, in which an …
Reasons for Device Use Among Caregivers of the Frail Elderly

While the effectiveness of assistive devices has been demonstrated, few clinicians have reported on the relationship of caregiving to assistive device use among the elderly. This pilot study explored the reasons for device use when a caregiver is present and compared the reasons for device use by female caregivers versus male caregivers. Reasons for device use stated by caregivers of elders who have many assistive devices that address physical impairments (physical devices) were compared to caregivers for those with fewer devices. Thirty caregivers from the Consumer Assessments Study (CAS) of the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Aging (RERC-Aging) at the State University of New York at Buffalo were the sample pool for this portion of the study. Results suggest that interaction between caregivers and care recipients might negatively influence device use. Conversely, if devices were perceived useful by both caregivers and care recipients, this was strongly related to device use. A difference was found between male and female caregivers regarding the value of the time and attention they gave care recipients during everyday tasks. When responses of caregivers who used fewer devices were compared to those who used more, the areas of difference were knowledge of devices and the care recipients' need for devices.
Pulmonary functional imaging: qualitative comparison of Fourier decomposition MR imaging with SPECT/CT in porcine lung.

PURPOSE To compare unenhanced lung ventilation-weighted (VW) and perfusion-weighted (QW) imaging based on Fourier decomposition (FD) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with the clinical reference standard single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) in an animal experiment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by the local animal care committee. Lung ventilation and perfusion was assessed in seven anesthetized pigs by using a 1.5-T MR imager and SPECT/CT. For time-resolved FD MR imaging, sets of lung images were acquired by using an untriggered two-dimensional balanced steady-state free precession sequence (repetition time, 1.9 msec; echo time, 0.8 msec; acquisition time per image, 118 msec; acquisition rate, 3.33 images per second; flip angle, 75°; section thickness, 12 mm; matrix, 128 × 128). Breathing displacement was corrected with nonrigid image registration. Parenchymal signal intensity was analyzed pixelwise with FD to separate periodic changes of proton density induced by respiration and periodic changes of blood flow. Spectral lines representing respiratory and cardiac frequencies were integrated to calculate VW and QW images. Ventilation and perfusion SPECT was performed after inhalation of dispersed technetium 99m ((99m)Tc) and injection of (99m)Tc-labeled macroaggregated albumin. FD MR imaging and SPECT data were independently analyzed by two physicians in consensus. A regional statistical analysis of homogeneity and pathologic signal changes was performed. RESULTS Images acquired in healthy animals by using FD MR imaging and SPECT showed a homogeneous distribution of VW and QW imaging and pulmonary ventilation and perfusion, respectively. The gravitation-dependent signal distribution of ventilation and perfusion in all animals was similarly observed at FD MR imaging and SPECT. Incidental ventilation and perfusion defects were identically visualized by using both modalities. CONCLUSION This animal experiment demonstrated qualitative agreement in the assessment of regional lung ventilation and perfusion between contrast media-free and radiation-free FD MR imaging and conventional SPECT/CT.