Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation in ‘Sharwil’ Avocado Maturity during the Harvest Season and Resistance to Fruit Fly Infestation

Additional index words. dry matter, maturity, oil content, Persia americana, postharvest, quality Abstract. Avocados cannot be exported from Hawaii to the continental United States without a quarantine treatment to prevent the spread of fruit flies. Research was conducted on the maturity and infestation potential of 'Sharwil' avocados to assist in development of a multicomponent systems approach for quarantine security. Changes in fruit dry matter content and oil content were determined throughout the harvest season for 'Sharwil' avocados grown at three orchard elevations over two production seasons. Also, the ability to infest fruit with Mediterranean fruit fly and oriental fruit fly was measured throughout the harvest season and during fruit ripening. Fruit quality was consistent from one year to the next, regardless of orchard elevation, however, the time of harvest within a production season impacted avocado quality. Late season fruit had higher dry matter and oil contents, were smaller in size, and had a shorter shelf life than early and midseason fruit, but fruit flavor and texture did not change throughout the season. Mean dry matter content ranged from 32% (30 Jan.) to 38% (24 Apr.) in 2007 and from 29% (8 Jan.) to 40% (29 Apr.) in 2008. Percentage of oil content ranged from 21% to 25% in 2007 and from 18% to 28% in 2008. 'Sharwil' fruit with a minimum mean oil content of 18% had 29% dry matter and acceptable sensory quality. The dry matter and oil contents of individual avocados were highly correlated (r = 0.97). Avocado was a poor fruit fly host immediately after harvest but became an increasingly favorable host as fruit ripened. Fruit fly infestation rates were similar among early, mid- and late season fruit. The results could be used to develop a maturity standard for 'Sharwil' avocados based on dry matter content at harvest, and to develop guidelines for postharvest practices of a systems approach for quarantine security.
Profiling outcomes in clients with bimodal hearing

The current study aims to profile the outcome measures of bimodal hearing in terms of speech perception in noise, pitch pattern differentiation ability and also the range of hearing disabilities across several domains using the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ). A total of 15 subjects with age range of 6 – 20 years have participated in the study. Primarily aided responses were obtained for frequencies ranging from 250Hz to 8 KHz under three conditions. Loudness scaling procedure was attempted to obtain the most comfortable level. At the level of MCL, Pitch pattern test scores and also speech perception in noise scores by using variable SNR procedure were obtained under three conditions along with SSQ questionnaire administration. The results of the speech perception in noise test reveal that subjects with bimodal stimulation have shown a mean of +4 dB SNR improvement in signal to noise ratio when compared with CI alone condition. The temporal organization capacity is also better with bimodal condition with a mean percentage of 58.4% when compared with the unimodal condition. The perceptual rating of the bimodal condition also seems to be better than the unimodal condition for each question in SSQ questionnaire. To conclude with the Outcome measures of all test procedures, the subjects with bimodal stimulation perform significantly better than Unimodal stimulation condition. Binaural hearing improves better speech perception in noise with the help of squelch effect, better localization skills with the help of ITD and ILD cues, ease of listening through binaural summation. Bimodal stimulation provides the above mentioned binaural advantages to the hearing-impaired population. This bimodal stimulation is also helpful in restricting the auditory deprivation in the non-implanted side of the individual with bilateral Severe to Profound hearing loss, which in turn will give good prognosis if the CI is done on the other ear later
The negative effect of regulatory divergence on foreign direct investment

The determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) are explored with gravity models, using a Poisson estimator and a linear estimator, both with fixed effects. The heterogeneity of product market regulations has a large and robust impact on cross-border investment: a reduction of regulatory divergence by one fifth could increase FDI by about 15%. In particular, the divergence of command and control regulations and of protection of incumbents (antitrust exemptions, entry barriers in networks and services) reduce cross-border investment. In addition, countries with higher employment protection have both less inward and less outward FDI, and there is some evidence that more complex regulatory procedures reduce inward FDI. L'effet negatif de l'heterogeneite des reglementations sur l'investissement direct etranger Les determinants de l’investissement direct etranger (IDE) sont analyses au moyen de modeles de gravite, en utilisant un estimateur de Poisson et un estimateur lineaire a effets fixes. L’heterogeneite des reglementations des marches de produits a un impact significatif et durable sur l’investissement international : une reduction d’un cinquieme des differences entre les reglementations nationales pourrait accroitre l’IDE d’environ 15 %. En particulier, les divergences entre les reglementations du type injonction et controle et entre les protections des acteurs en place (en termes de derogations au droit de la concurrence, d’obstacles a l’entree dans les industries de reseau et les secteurs de services) sont un frein a l’investissement international. En outre, les pays dotes d’une legislation plus rigoureuse sur la protection de l’emploi enregistrent a la fois moins d’IDE entrant et moins d’IDE sortant, et des elements montrent que des procedures reglementaires plus complexes reduisent l’IDE entrant.
The space between: negotiating the contours of nodal security governance through ‘Safer Communities’ in Bosnia–Herzegovina

In this article, I analyse three months of ethnographic field work conducted with the United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) ‘Safer Communities’ project in Bosnia–Herzegovina (BiH) in 2011 using an analytical framework grounded in Lendvai and Stubbs' work on ‘policy translation’. This framework suggests that the spaces which exist between different ‘security nodes’ such as ‘Safer Communities’ can be analysed as ‘contact zones’ where different actors and interests converge to shape the contours of security governance in transitional, post-conflict societies. Analysing ‘Safer Communities’ as a ‘contact zone’ provides insight into the power politics of the project and into the important role that capital and nodal proximity play in determining the translational capacities of different stakeholders. My analysis of this case study affirms the significant influence of supranational institutions like the European Commission and their ability to draw upon substantial economic capital to align the outputs of local security nodes from a distance. It also presents a nuanced account of networked security governance in which multi-lateral institutions like the UNDP can draw upon their nodal proximity and limited capital to mediate pressures for structural alignment. This latter finding is promising because it highlights a ‘nodal solution’ to the question of ‘how nodal relations could be transformed to improve governance processes and outcomes for weak actors’ in structurally weak and dependent societies like BiH.
Using Peer Assessments in Team Activities

Regardless of the path industrial technology students take upon graduation, they will be required to work effectively as part of a team. To help students develop the skills necessary for this, many industrial technology faculty incorporate team activities into their curricula. Time constraints placed on busy faculty and research supporting the positive benefits of cooperative learning 1 represent two additional reasons for incorporating cooperative group-based learning activities into classes. But, how do faculty assess student progress and assign grades when using team activities? Most who have tried have confronted the inevitable group versus individual problems. While most cooperative learning experts conclude that group activities work best when team grades are adjusted for individual performance (Kaufman, Felder, and Fuller, 2000), this is challenging to accomplish because of the difficulty in ascertaining individual ability and accomplishments within the context of group activities—particularly in larger classes. This article explores the process of using peer assessments in cooperative learning to hold students individually accountable and thereby provide fair grading to students who do the work, as well as to those who do not.
How do institutions affect corruption and the shadow economy?

This paper analyzes a simple model that captures the relationship between institutional quality, the shadow economy, and corruption. It shows that an improvement in institutional quality reduces the shadow economy and affects the corruption market. The exact relationship between corruption and institutional quality is, however, ambiguous and depends on the relative effectiveness of institutional quality in the shadow and corruption markets. The analytics also show that the shadow economy and corruption are substitutes. The predictions of the model are empirically tested and confirmed.
Filament activity and photospheric magnetic evolution related to flares

Three succcssive activations of all active-region filament were observed over a period of eight hours. Each disturbance showed distinctive characteristics and was followed by a flare of different properties. The filament had one end rooted in strong delta -sunspots. During the first activation, the filament rose up at the rooting end and detached from the delta -sunspots while its main body remained in place and separated into two twisted threads. During the second activation, only one thread a as disturbed and finally disappeared; twisted threads, however, appeared during the third activation. The evolution of photospheric magnetic fields, associated with the filament disturbances. Was characterized by squeezing and shearing of delta -sunspots, flux cancellation and emergence beneath the two ends of the filaments. Our data suggests that magnetic reconnection in the photospheric layer is the likely cause of filament destabilisation. cause of filament destabilisation.
Knowledge Sharing between Multinational Corporation’s Headquarters and Subsidiaries: the Impact of Manager’s Role, Compensation System and Cultural Differences

Knowledge sharing is a systematic process for creating, acquiring, synthesizing, learning, sharing and using knowledge to achieve organizational goals. It is also a source of competitive advantage especially for multinational companies. The objective of this paper is to discuss the impact of subsidiary manager’s role in knowledge sharing, manager’s compensation system, and the level of cultural differences between home and host country on the level of knowledge sharing between the headquarters and subsidiaries of multinational companies. A study has been conducted at a subsidiary of a large manufacturing company in Malaysia. Data were collected via self-administered survey questionnaire. The respondents consist of 100 executives and managers of the company, and all the questionnaires distributed were filled and returned back for data analysis. Findings indicate that all three factors significantly influence the level of knowledge sharing with the manager’s compensation system has the strongest impact. MNC therefore should clearly define the manager’s role in knowledge sharing and provide attractive rewards and remunerations to encourage knowledge sharing. At the same time, cultural differences should not be considered as a barrier to knowledge sharing as this study indicates that it can be a driver for effective knowledge sharing between headquarters and subsidiaries.
Price Rigidity in Slovakia: Some Facts and Causes

This paper examines the price adjustment patterns, at the store level, in a transition economy. Empirical estimates of the extent of price rigidities are provided for selected final goods and services in Slovakia, and are compared with similar estimates from selected developed economies, namely the eurozone countries and U.S. The patterns of price changes found in Slovakia are somewhat similar to what was found for the western developed economies. Survival time analysis is employed to identify the effects of various macroeconomic indicators on the price change probabilities. Results show that variables such as productivity, wages, currency value and oil prices play important roles in the price adjustment process in Slovakia.
Interacting Fock spaces and subproduct systems

We present a new more flexible definition of interacting Fock space that allows to resolve in full generality the problem of embeddability. We show that the same is not possible for regularity. We apply embeddability to classify interacting Fock spaces by squeezings. We give necessary and sufficient criteria for when an interacting Fock space has only bounded creators, giving thus rise to new classes of non-selfadjoint and selfadjoint operator algebras.
Triage Decision-Making Levels of Healthcare Professionals Working in Emergency Departments

Today, the increase in patient load has become a major problem in emergency departments (EDs) (1). Due to population increase, internal migrations, and ED applications of patients who do not have urgent complaints, a high number of patients are observed in EDs (2). This increase in patient density leads to longer waiting times for patients in the ED, delays in the treatment of patients having more serious health conditions, decrease in patient satisfaction, decrease in the quality of service, safety problems, and decrease in the productivity of healthcare professionals (3, 4). Therefore, it is necessary to select patients who need medical care more urgently in ED applications and determine patients’ medical priorities (triage) (5). Triage is the rapid selection and coding process performed at the scene and at every healthcare organization where patients or injured people are taken to determine those who require priority treatment and referrals in case of a high number of patients and injured people (6, 7). Triage can also be defined as determining priorities in care in terms of available resources and the severity of illness or injury (7). It is based on a quick diagnosis along with a brief interview, and it can be repeated at every stage until the end of treatment (8). Triage is a French word and is derived from the verb “trier,” which means to choose, select, classify, sift, separate, and distinguish. Medical triage was first applied in the Napoleonic period in France in the early 1800s for determining the priority of emergency care for patients/ injured people and providing emergency care
Modeling Climate-Fire Connections within the Great Basin and Upper Colorado River Basin, Western United States

The specific temporal patterns of antecedent conditions associated with fire occurrence in the Great Basin and Upper Colorado River Basin are poorly understood. Using 25 years of combined fire and climate data, we identified unique antecedent patterns of climate conditions prior to fires in the Great Basin and Upper Colorado River Basin. Five distinct antecedent patterns of climate related to fire were found within the region; with these antecedent patterns we were able to construct models of fire danger. The occurrence of these antecedent patterns varies both spatially and temporally, and appears to be driven by drought severity. We used a Maximum Entropy approach to model the spatial extent and strength of these fire-climate patterns, and the associated fire danger. This approach provides land managers with a practical way to assess fire danger at a relatively fine spatial scale and also gives researchers a tool for assessing future fire danger.ResumenLos patrones temporales específicos de condiciones que anteceden a la ocurrencia de fuegos en la Gran Cuenca (Great Basin) y la Alta Cuenca del Río Colorado en los EEUU han sido poco estudiados. Usando 25 años de datos combinados de clima y fuego, identificamos patrones de condiciones climáticas previas a incendios en la Gran Cuenca y la Alta Cuenca del Río Colorado. Cinco patrones precedentes del clima relacionados con incendios fueron hallados para la región. Con estos precedentes pudimos construir modelos de peligro de incendio. La ocurrencia de estos patrones precedentes variaron tanto espacial como temporalmente, y parecen estar condicionados por la severidad de la sequía. Utilizamos la aproximación de Máxima Entropía para modelar la extensión espacial y la fortaleza de esos patrones precedentes de clima-fuego y del peligro de incendios asociado. Esta aproximación provee a los gestores de recursos de una manera práctica de evaluar el peligro de incendios en una escala espacial relativamente específica, y brinda a los investigadores una herramienta para evaluar el peligro de incendios a futuro.
Assessing the Effects of People’s Misconception about Mental Retardation on Patients and Caregivers at Upper Denkyira West District of Ghana

Misconception about mental retardation seems to be widely endorsed by the general public. The aim of this research study was to assess assessing the effects of people’s misconception about mental retardation on patients and caregivers at Upper Denkyira West District of Ghana. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used integrating both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The study engaged purposive and Snowball sampling techniques to select the study population. The sample size for the study was 40 respondents consisting of heads of households in Diaso with a person who is mentally retarded within any age category and structured interview and observation were the research instrument. From the study findings, regarding respondents’ view in terms of what people think are the causes of their wards’ mental retardation, almost all the respondents consisting of 32 (80%) indicated spiritual cause, 6 (15%) respondents indicated medical cause whereas 2 (5%) respondents said physical cause. All the respondents 40 (100%) strongly agreed that they faced social stigma and discrimination and all the respondents 40 (100%) strongly agreed that they felt tired most of the time. Dealing with their expenditure on quarterly medical bills, 22(55%) respondents indicated that they spent GH 200-GH 400, 8 (20%) respondents said they spent GH 401-GH 601, 6 (15%) respondents said they spent above GH 601 whereas 4 (10%) respondents said they spent below GH 200. In terms of the mean expenditure on quarterly medical bill the mean is 2.40 with the standard deviation of . 871. It therefore showed that caring for mentally retarded persons are time consuming. The study concluded that ignorance, cultural and religious beliefs of the people caused the misconception about mental retardation and this negatively affect the parents, caregivers and the victims themselves and recommended that Ministry of health and Ghana Health Service must implement health education on mental retardation to educate the general populace, mental nurses must be integrated to the various health centers, clinic and health post in order to provide health care services to persons and parents should be referred to clinical psychologist to manage stress of care giving in such parents/caregivers. Keywords: Mental health, misconception, mental retardation, health policy
Supporting Information for: Insights into the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 on Metallic Silver Surfaces

High resolution XPS spectra were taken along with the survey scan shown in the main article. C 1s, O 1s, and Ag MNN peaks are shown here. The spectra are nearly identical between the prerun and post-run samples, with minor change in the peak intensities of the different Ag oxidation states observed in the Ag MNN spectra. This supports the idea that any changes to the surface observed before and after experimentation are mostly morphological in nature, as seen in the SEM images.
Plasma leptin as a predictor for carcass composition in growing lambs

Abstract The experiment was conducted on 30 single born Polish Merino ram lambs. At the age of 112 d, 10 ram lambs were slaughtered at 20 kg (group 1), 25 kg (group 2), and 30 kg (group 3) live weight. Plasma leptin increased between 20 and 25 kg, as well as 25 and 30 kg live weight. The differences between group 1 vs. group 3 and group 2 vs. group 3 were statistically important (P < 0.001). The lack of differences in meat content of the pelvic limb between the groups and, at the same time, the lower fat content (P < 0.001) in group 1, plus the higher fat content of the two remaining groups, are evidence of the higher fatness of carcasses in groups 2 and 3. The fat tissues except the subcutaneous fat were significantly related with the leptin concentrations at slaughter. The leptin concentration of lambs slaughtered at 30 kg live weight surpassed significantly the values noted in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.001). The correlations between leptin and body composition indicate that plasma leptin concentration at 30 kg live weight can be a predictor of body fat. The correlation of meat weight with leptin concentration has shown no statistical differences.
Winter habitat partitioning between asiatic ibex and Blue sheep in Ladakh, Northern India

Asiatic ibex Capra ibex sibrica and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur are the most abundant wild ungulates in theLadakh Region of the Indian Trans-Himalaya. Both species use rugged terrain to escape predation, and the competitiveexclusion principle suggests that the distribution of one species may be affected by the presence of the other.Ievaluatedhabitat use by these mountain ungulates in the Shun Gorge, at the eastern boundary of ibex distribution intheZangskar Mountains, Ladakh, India. I hypothesised that due to their high affinity toward cliffs as a predator escapestrategy,ibex and blue sheep overlap in their habitat use, especially in winter when they are likely to be confinedbysnow cover.Resource selection indices and chi-square statistics revealed that both ibex and blue sheep preferhabitatclose (1-50 m) to cliffs. The two species were also similar in their use of habitat in terms of slope angle,exceptthat ibex avoided gentle slopes ( 45°). Both used habitats intermsof elevation and snow cover non-selectively except that blue sheep avoided very low areas (<4000 m), andibexavoided snow-free areas. I suggest that there is high potential for competition between the two species, and thepresenceof one species may negatively influence the distributional pattern of the other.
Prudential Regulation and the “Credit Crunch”: Evidence from Japan

The underlying causes of sharp declines in bank lending during recessions in large developed economies, as exemplified by the U.S. in the early 1990s and Japan in the late 1990s, are still being debated due to the lack of any convincing identification strategy of the supply side capital-lending relationship from lending demand. Using within bank share of real estate lending in the late 1980s as an instrumental variable for bank capital, we find that Japanese banks cut back on their lending in response to a large loss of bank capital in fiscal year 1997. Copyright 2007 The Ohio State University.