Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon and nitrogen stocks of an Arenosol under irrigated fruit orchards in semiarid Brazil

O acumulo de materia orgânica beneficia a produtividade do solo e reduz a concentracao do carbono atmosferico. Entretanto, pouco e sabido a respeito do acumulo de C e N em solos arenosos cultivados com culturas perenes irrigadas em regioes semi-aridas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do cultivo de fruteiras irrigadas nos estoques de C e N de um Neossolo Quartzarenico em Paraipaba, CE. Foram coletadas amostras na linha e na entrelinha de pomares irrigados de banana, caju, manga, sapoti, goiaba e graviola. Em areas adjacentes sob vegetacao de Caatinga hipoxerofila e apos dois anos de desmatamento foram coletadas amostras adicionais. As profundidades de amostragem foram: 0 a 0.1, 0.1 a 0.2 e 0.2 a 0.4 m. Os teores de C e N no solo foram mais altos na camada superficial (0 a 0.1 m). Nao houve efeito da profundidade de amostragem sobre a densidade do solo. Os estoques de C e N na area com vegetacao de Caatinga na camada de 0 a 0.4 m foram de 27,6 and 2,4 Mg ha-1, respectivamente. A retirada da vegetacao natural e o cultivo das fruteiras levaram a reducoes de 5 a 23% e 4 a 21% nos estoques de C e N do solo, respectivamente. As culturas do sapoti e da graviola contribuiram para o aumento dos estoques de C e N apos a retirada da vegetacao natural. As culturas da goiaba, graviola, manga e sapoti contribuiram para a melhoria do indice de estratificacao deste solo.
Three Aeruginosins and a Microviridin from a Bloom Assembly of Microcystis spp. Collected from a Fishpond Near Kibbutz Lehavot HaBashan, Israel.

Aerugonosins LH650A (-)-(Ia), LH650B (-)-(Ib), LH606 (-)-(II), and microviridin LH1667 (+)-(III) are isolated and evaluated towards their serine protease inhibitory properties against trypsin and chymotrypsin.
Desempenho e composição da carcaça de cordeiros deslanados terminados em confinamento com diferentes dietas

This study was performed with the objective of assessing the effects of feed and genotype on the quantitative characteristics of carcasses of lambs finished in a feedlot and estimate gross margins. Eighteen lambs of each genotype were used: Morada Nova, Santa Ines and cross-breed Dorper × Santa Ines. Feeds with low and high energetic levels consisted of 2.5 Mcal ME/kg DM and 2.94 Mcal ME/kg DM, respectively. A randomized complete design was used, with a 3 × 2 factorial scheme. The diets influenced daily weight gain, empty body weight, body score, feed efficiency and feedlot days, whilst the genotype promoted differences in all the variables studied. The caloric density of the diets influenced the biological hot and cold carcass yields, and the latter two were influenced by genotype. The more energetic diet (2.94 Mcal EM/kgDM) resulted in higher absolute weights of neck, shoulder, rib, loin and leg, but, in relative values, lambs fed with different energetic levels did not differ for these characteristics, regardless of the energetic level of the diet. The percentage yield of the cuts was influenced by the genotypes, except for the neck. The weights of all the cuts were influenced by genotypes. The treatment with the highest energy level resulted in the largest gross margin.
Interconnectivity between the amygdaloid complex and the amygdalostriatal transition area: A PHA‐L study in rat

The amygdala orchestrates the formation of behavioral responses to emotionally arousing stimuli. Many of these responses are initiated by the central nucleus, which converges information from other amygdaloid nuclei. Recently, we observed substantial projections from the amygdala to the amygdalostriatal transition area, which is located dorsal to the central nucleus. These projections led us to question whether the amygdalostriatal transition area has a role in the initiation of behavioral responses in emotionally arousing circumstances. To explore this anatomically, we traced the interconnections between the amygdalostriatal transition area and the amygdaloid complex using the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin. The lateral (the medial division and the caudal portion of the dorsolateral division) and the accessory basal nuclei (the parvicellular division) provide moderate‐to‐heavy projections to the amygdalostriatal transition area. Projections back to the amygdala are light and are composed of thin, faintly stained varicose fibers that resemble the labeling of cholinergic terminals. The extra‐amygdaloid outputs of the amygdalostriatal transition area are sparse and include moderate projections to the caudoventral globus pallidus, the ansa lenticularis, and the substantia nigra pars lateralis. These data suggest that the amygdalostriatal transition area is one of the major targets for projections originating in the lateral and accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala. Via these pathways, emotionally significant stimuli can evoke behavioral responses that are different from those initiated via projections from the amygdala to the central nucleus. One such candidate response is the orienting response (i.e., saccadic eye movements and head direction) in a pathway that includes a projection from the lateral/accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala to the amygdalostriatal transition area, and from there to the substantia nigra, pars lateralis. J. Comp. Neurol. 431:39–58, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A New Species Of Freshwater Anomuran Crab Of The Genus Aegla Leach, 1821 (Crustacea : Decapoda : Aeglidae) From The Nahuelbuta Coastal Range, Chile

Aegla occidentalis, a new species of the family Aeglidae, is described from the Tucapel River basin, on the western slope of the Nahuelbuta Coastal Range, in Chile. Morphologically, the new species closely resembles A. laevis (Latreille) from Central Chile but differs in having the apex of the carpal lobe of the chelipeds topped by two to four blunt scales mixed with a group of short, stout setae, the dorsum of the palmar crest slightly, if at all, concave, and the distal half of the subligulate rostrum not distorted. The morphological similarity between A. occidentalis and A. laevis contrasts with the high degree of genetic divergence between these two taxa, based on mtDNA sequence analysis. Our molecular results show A. occidentalis and Aegla bahamondei Jara to be sister species, with a 1.4%-1.6% average pairwise sequence divergence, compared with 5.9%-7.4% between A. occidentalis and A. laevis.
Comparative profiling of the mammalian mitochondrial proteome: multiple aconitase-2 isoforms includi

The activity of mitochondria induces, as a byproduct, a variety of post-translational modifications in associated proteins, which have functional downstream consequences for processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, and plasticity; e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce N-formyl-kynurenine from oxidized tryptophans in certain mitochondrial proteins which are localized in close spatial proximity to their source. This type of fast molecular changes has profound influence on cell death and survival with implications in a number of pathologies. The quantitative and differential analysis of bovine heart mitochondria by four 2D-PAGE methods, including 2D-PAGE with high-resolution IEF as first dimension, revealed that due to limited resolution, those methods employing blue native-, tricine-urea-, and 16-BAC-PAGE as the first dimension are less applicable for the differential quantitative analysis of redundant protein spots which might give insight into post-translational modifications that are relevant .
Efeito de diferentes fontes protéicas sobre desempenho, composição corporal e morfologia intestinal em leitões

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dried skim milk (LDP) in weaning diets containing different levels of high-protein soybean meal (PCS), for piglets weaned at 21 days of age. Five diets were compared, from weaning to 14 days post-weaning: T1 - basal diet, soybean meal (FS) as the main protein source; T2 and T4 - replacement of 30 and 50%, respectively, FS from basal diet by PCS; T3 and T5 - replacement of 30 and 50%, of FS from basal diet by PCS and 20% by LDP, respectively. The partial replacement of FS by PCS or LDP did not affect the performance neither the body composition or deposition tissues ratios of piglets in anyone of the evaluated period. The mucous membrane height and villus height at 14 days post-weaning were not affected by the protein source of the diet, but crypt depth was reduced by PCS, regardless of diet supplementation with LDP. The protein source did not affect performance neither body composition of piglets, but PCS provided a reduction of morphologic changes of the intestinal mucous membrane, signed by the reduction of the crypt depth.
Endosomal Escape of Polymeric Gene Delivery Complexes Is Not Always Enhanced by Polymers Buffering at Low pH

One of the crucial steps in gene delivery with cationic polymers is the escape of the polymer/DNA complexes (“polyplexes”) from the endosome. A possible way to enhance endosomal escape is the use of cationic polymers with a pKa around or slightly below physiological pH (“proton sponge”). We synthesized a new polymer with two tertiary amine groups in each monomeric unit {poly(2-methyl-acrylic acid 2-[(2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl)-methyl-amino]-ethyl ester), abbreviated as pDAMA}. One pKa of the monomer is approximately 9, providing cationic charge at physiological pH, and thus DNA binding properties, the other is approximately 5 and provides endosomal buffering capacity. Using dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements, it was shown that pDAMA is able to condense DNA in small particles with a surface charge depending on the polymer/DNA ratio. pDAMA has a substantial lower toxicity than other polymeric transfectants, but in vitro, the transfection activity of the pDAMA-based polyplexes was very lo.
Comparison and evaluation of two catalytic migration approaches for the design of windowing-oriented register file structures

The authors give an overview of catalytic migration methodology for processor design in conditions typical of GaAs technology (small chips and large ratio of off-chip to on-chip delays), concentrating on the application of catalytic migration approaches to register file design. Two original approaches for the design of small register files are presented, analyzed, and compared with previous approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of these new approaches to register file design are discussed, and the conditions under which they work better than previous approaches are outlined. Design tradeoffs are examined in an analytic study. <<ETX>>
Compartmentalization of T cell responses following respiratory infection with Bordetella pertussis: hyporesponsiveness of lung T cells is associated with modulated expression of the co‐stimulatory molecule CD28

We have used a murine respiratory challenge model to examine the local T cell responses in the lung during infection with Bordetella pertussis. T cells from lung parenchyma and airways of naive and infected mice were refractory to both antigen and mitogen stimulation in the presence of lung macrophages. Furthermore irradiated mononuclear cells from the lungs suppressed antigen and mitogen‐induced proliferation, but not IFN‐γ production, by splenic T cells. Removal of macrophages and stimulation of purified lung T cells in the presence of irradiated splenic antigen‐presenting cells fully restored the response to mitogen. However, T cells purified from the lung during the acute phase of infection with B. pertussisfailed to proliferate or produce detectable levels of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5 or IFN‐γ in response to purified bacterial antigens. In contrast, splenic T cells from these animals produced high levels of IL‐ 2 and IFN‐γ and proliferated strongly to a range of bacterial components. Phenotypic analy sis of bronchoalveolar lavage cells during the course of infection revealed transient infiltra tion of neutrophils, followed by macrophages, CD4+ T cells and smaller numbers of CD8+ T cells and γ δ+ T cells. Cell surface expression of B7 on infiltrating macrophages and CTLA‐4 on T cells did not change significantly during infection. However, expression of the CD28 co‐ stimulatory molecule was profoundly reduced on lung T cells during the acute phase of infection. In contrast, lung T cells from mice primed by B. pertussisinfection or vaccination were resistant to CD28 down‐regulation. These results suggest compartmentalization of T cell responses between the lung and the periphery during B. pertussisinfection and that B. pertussismay have immunomodulatory properties on local T cell populations in the lungs of naive mice.
Redesign of Artificial Globins: Effects of Residue Replacements at Hydrophobic Sites on the Structural Properties†

Artificial sequences of the 153 amino acids have been designed to fit the main-chain framework of the sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) structure based on a knowledge-based 3D-1D compatibility method. The previously designed artificial globin (DG1) folded into a monomeric, compact, highly helical and globular form with overall dimensions similar to those of the target structure, but it lacked structural uniqueness at the side-chain level [Isogai, Y. , Ota, M. , Fujisawa, T. , Izuno, H. , Mukai, M. , Nakamura, H. , Iizuka, T. , and Nishikawa, K. (1999) Biochemistry 38, 7431−7443]. In this study, we redesigned hydrophobic sites of DG1 to improve the structural specificity. Several Leu and Met residues in DG1 were replaced with β-branched amino acids, Ile and Val, referring to the 3D profile of DG1 to produce three redesigned globins, DG2−4. These residue replacements resulted in no significant changes of their compactness and α-helical contents in the absence of denaturant, whereas they significantly affected the depende.
A molecular basis for Smad specificity

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and activins are members of the TGFβ superfamily of growth factors, a crucial group of regulators of induction and patterning of embryonic germ layers in metazoa. In early Xenopus embryos, activin, Vg1, and nodal are potent inducers of dorsal mesoderm, whereas BMPs can ventralize mesoderm, repress neural fate, and induce blood differentiation. These characteristic responses rely on ligand‐specific signaling pathways, encompassing transmembrane kinase receptors and signal transducers belonging to the Smad family. The overexpression in Xenopus embryos of BMP‐activated Smad1 and of activin/Vg1/nodal‐activated Smad2 is sufficient to specifically recapitulate ligand responses. In a search for determinants of a Smad specificity code, we have identified two small regions within the conserved carboxyl‐domain that are necessary and sufficient for specific Smad action. Swapping both residue clusters (C1 and C2) between Smad1 and Smad2 completely switches Smad effects in vivo. Thus, Smad1 with swapped Smad2 clusters responds specifically to BMP but elicits an activin response, while a Smad2 protein containing the Smad1 clusters is activated by activin and elicits a BMP response. Furthermore, association between Smads and FAST‐1, a mediator of mesoderm induction by activin, is dependent upon the presence of the Smad2 C1 sequence. Finally, the Smad1‐specific antagonist Smad6 can inhibit a Smad2 molecule harboring Smad1 C1 and C2 sequences. Thus, the C1 and C2 regions of Smads specify the association between Smads and pathway‐specific partners, such as FAST‐1 and Smad6, and account for activin‐ and BMP‐ specific responses in vertebrate embryogenesis. Dev Dyn 1999;214:269–277. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Taxonomy, genetic differentiation and Holarctic biogeography of Paranoplocephala spp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) in collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx; Arvicolinae)

The present study reviews the taxonomy of anoplocephalid cestodes of collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx spp.) and describes the patterns of cestode biogeography in the Holarctic region. The morphological differentiation of cestode species is augmented with a genetic differentiation based on three independent markers. We show that collared lemmings are parasitized by five host-specific species of Paranoplocephala, three of which are described here as new: P. arctica (Rausch, 1952), P. alternata sp. nov., P. serrata Haukisalmi & Henttonen, 2000, P. nordenskioeldi sp. nov. and P. krebsi sp. nov. The redescription of P. arctica shows that the original description of this species is composite. Paranoplocephala alternata, P. serrata and P. nordenskioeldi are shown to have a Holarctic distribution, whereas P. arctica and P. krebsi are restricted to the Nearctic region, including Wrangel Island. It is suggested that the Holarctic species colonized North America concomitantly with their hosts and that the appearance of the Nearctic species is connected with the subsequent divergence of collared lemmings in North America. Geographical distribution and sequence data for the first transcribed spacer (ITS1) of nuclear rDNA show that P. alternata and P. arctica are sister taxa and that the latter species probably diverged from P. alternata in eastern Beringia. Other phylogenetic relationships among cestode species remained largely unsettled.
Validation of Scales and Otoliths for Estimating Age of Rainbow Trout from Southern Appalachian Streams

Abstract Annuli counts from scales and otoliths are commonly used to estimate the age of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in southern Appalachian streams. However, validation of annuli counts from these two structures for rainbow trout has not been reported. Oxytetracycline (OTC) injections (50 mg OTC/kg fish) were used to mark otoliths of visible-implant-tagged rainbow trout in a mark–recapture study. The validation of scales for age estimation was performed by comparing the number of annuli on scales of individual rainbow trout at capture with those collected 12–15 months later upon recapture. Scale accuracy declined from 72% for age-2 fish to 0% for age-4 fish. In contrast, and regardless of age, all fish formed an additional annulus outside the OTC mark on otoliths. We conclude that annuli counts from otoliths will provide accurate age estimates for rainbow trout in the southern Appalachians. The use of otoliths and consequential sacrifice of fish may not be an option in some cases. However, annuli c.
Scheduling based on earliness and tardiness criteria in assembly job shops

In this research, the following four scheduling problems have been studied; (1) single machine problem with earliness cost minimization, (2) single machine problem with the sum of the weighted earliness and weighted tardiness cost minimization, (3) assembly job shop problem with earliness cost minimization, and (4) assembly job shop problem with the sum of weighted earliness and weighted tardiness cost minimization. Four mathematical models based on these four scheduling problems were developed in an effort to obtain optimal solutions. Six heuristic algorithms have been developed to solve the problems. The performances of the heuristic algorithms were demonstrated on some sample test problems. Quality of solutions and CPU time of solutions were the factors of interest. Several properties of optimal solutions for the single machine scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing the weighted earliness penalty have been identified In the research. Algorithms I, III, V, and VI were developed based on these identified properties while the algorithms II and IV were developed based on the tabu search concept. Algorithms I and 11 were developed to solve the first case (1) problem. The results indicate that these two algorithms are able to produce solutions close to optimal in small size problems. The results also show that algorithm I is relatively better than algorithm 11 in large size problem. Algorithms III and IV were developed to solve the second case (2) problem. Both algorithms obtained a small average deviation solutions (i.e. less than 2%) from optimal in small size test problems. For all problems tested, the algorithm IV is the best algorithm for solving the eariiness/tardiness problems compared to algorithm III and the Ow & Morton algorithm. Algorithm V was developed to solve the third case (3) problem. It obtained an average deviation solutions less than 1% from the optimal. Algorithm VI was developed to solve the fourth case (4) problem. Algorithm VI obtained an average deviation solutions of 2.53% from the optimal.
Effects of 50 Hz EMF exposure on micronucleus formation and apoptosis in transformed and nontransformed human cell lines

Effects of applying extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) for different durations (24, 48, and 72 h) and different field intensities (0.1-1.0 mT) on micronucleus (MN) formation and induction of apoptosis were examined in a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCL II) and in a human amniotic fluid cell line (AFC). A statistically significant increase of MN frequency and of induction of apoptosis in SCL II cells after 48-h and 72-h continuous exposure to 50 Hz magnetic field (MF) (0.8 and 1.0 mT) was found. However, exposure of AFC cells to EMF of different intensities and for different exposure times showed no statistically significant differences when compared with controls. These results demonstrate that different human cell types respond differently to EMF. Dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and genotoxic effects, resulting in increased micronucleus formation, could be demonstrated in the transformed cell line, whereas the nontransformed cell line did not show statistically significant effects. These findings suggest that EMF could be a promotor but not an initiator of carcinogenic effects.
Bias‐corrected short‐range ensemble forecasts of near surface variables

A multimodel short‐range ensemble forecasting system created as part of a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration program on improved high temperature forecasting during the summer of 2003 is evaluated. Results from this short‐range ensemble system indicate that using the past complete 12 days of forecasts to bias correct today's forecast yields ensemble mean forecasts of 2‐m temperature, 2‐m dewpoint temperature, and 10‐m wind speed that are competitive with or better than those available from any of the model output statistics presently generated operationally in the United States. However, the bias‐corrected ensemble system provides more than just the ensemble mean forecast. Probabilities produced by this system are skilful and reliable, and have been found to be valuable when evaluated in a cost‐loss model. The ensemble appears to provide better guidance for more unlikely events, such as very warm temperatures, that likely have the greatest economic significance. Industries that are sensitive to the weather, such as power companies, transportation and agriculture, may benefit from the probability information provided. Thus, it is possible to develop post‐processing for short‐range ensemble forecasting systems that is competitive with or better than traditional post‐processing techniques, thereby allowing the rapid production of useful and accurate guidance forecasts of many near surface variables. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society