Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIF-1 Dimerization Inhibitor Acriflavine Enhances Antitumor Activity of Sunitinib in Breast Cancer Model

Antiangiogenic therapy is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. However, antiangiogenic therapy can induce intratumor hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) expression, which slows cancer progression. In our present study, we found that antiangiogenic therapy with sunitinib plus HIF-1 dimerization inhibitor acriflavine retarded tumor growth in a murine model of breast cancer. The combination of sunitinib with acriflavine significantly decreased vascular endothelial growth factor and TGF-β expression and reduced tumor vasculature followed by increased intratumor necrosis and apoptosis. Moreover, decreased accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the spleen was observed after the combinational therapy. In conclusion, the combination of HIF-1 inhibition and antiangiogenic therapy may represent a novel strategy for cancer patients.
Sheep blowfly strike risk and management in Great Britain: a survey of current practice

Abstract The methods used for the control of sheep blowfly strike (ovine cutaneous myiasis) and the farm management factors associated with strike prevalence were examined using data from questionnaire survey returns provided by 966 sheep farmers in Great Britain, based on the period between March 2003 and February 2004. Overall, 91% of participants treated prophylactically with insecticides against blowfly strike; 39% treated twice and 11% treated more than three times in the year. Insect growth regulators (IGRs) were the most commonly chosen product (40%), especially the IGR cyromazine. Only 12% of farmers opted to dip their sheep in organophosphate insecticide against fly strike and 2% of farmers reported applying inappropriate products against strike to their sheep, such as ivermectin or ‘drenches’. Farmers worming their ewes more often were 0.8 times less likely to report blowfly strike, but those who wormed their lambs more often were 1.2 times more likely to report strike. Pure‐breed flocks were 0.7 times less likely to record an outbreak of blowfly strike than cross‐breed flocks. Strike was less likely in ewe flocks grazed at higher altitude; however, this relationship with altitude was not seen in lambs. The results show that insecticides remain the primary tool used by almost all farmers to prevent strike and that the type of insecticides used and means of application have altered dramatically over the past 15 years. However, the prevalence of strike has remained almost unchanged over this period. Clearly careful attention to the type and timing of insecticide application, in association with a detailed understanding of the husbandry factors that predispose sheep to higher strike risk, is essential to allow the optimal management of strike problems.
The Roles of Value, Satisfaction, and Commitment in the Effect of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty in Hong Kong–Style Tea Restaurants

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the roles of perceived value, customer satisfaction, and affective commitment as they mediate the effect of service quality on customer loyalty at Hong Kong–style tea restaurants, which are quick-service restaurants with a fusion menu of Western and Asian foods. Based on the analysis of data collected from 382 customers of these tea restaurants, the study found the following relationships: (1) service quality positively influences perceived value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty; (2) perceived value is a mediator of the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction; (3) customer satisfaction positively influences affective commitment and customer loyalty; and (4) affective commitment is a mediator of the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Contrary to expectations, however, perceived value does not have a significant effect on customer loyalty for these restaurants. This study highlights the role of affective commitment in the study of service quality, and also is one of the few that addresses Asian restaurants because it demonstrates the moderating effects of culture in the relationships between Hong Kong–style tea restaurants and their customers.
Can Motherhood Earnings Losses Be Ever Regained? Evidence From Canada

This study examines earnings losses associated with motherhood using longitudinal administrative Canadian data. Contrary to the endogenous motherhood hypothesis, the author found no dips in earnings for women during their prechildbirth years. Although the results show that earnings losses incurred by mothers in the year of childbirth and the year thereafter were substantial, it was found that these earnings losses declined over the postchildbirth years, and for mothers who returned to their prechildbirth employers, the earnings recovery process was rapid, indicating that firm-specific human capital might play an important role.
The Creation and Resolution of Market Uncertainty: The Impact of Information Releases on Implied Volatility

Abstract We model and examine the impact of information releases on market uncertainty as measured by the implied standard deviation (ISD) from option markets. Distinguishing between scheduled and unscheduled announcements, we hypothesize that since the timing, although not the content, of scheduled announcements is known a priori, the pre-release ISD will impound the anticipated impact of important releases on price volatility and that the ISD will normally decline post-release as this uncertainty is resolved. Conversely, we hypothesize that the unexpected high volatility caused by major unscheduled releases will cause market participants to adjust upward their estimates of likely volatility over the remaining life of the option resulting in an increase in the ISD. Our evidence supports both hypotheses. The ISDs that we consider are from the T-Bond, Eurodollar, and Deutschemark options markets. We examine scheduled macroeconomic news releases such as the employment report and the PPI. We also find that the observed tendency for the ISD to fall on Fridays and rise on Mondays is due to the weekday pattern of scheduled news releases.
Integrated Coastal Zone Management: four entrenched illusions

The considerable efforts undertaken on all continents to carry out field experiments and refine the concept of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) have resulted in its adoption as the key paradigm for the sustainable development of coastal areas. Having reached a first phase of maturity, ICZM should now be challenged by critical assessments if it is to advance both theoretically and operationally. In this perspective, our paper highlights four deep-rooted illusions: the illusion that round table discussions can solve any problem, the coastal manager myth, the community illusion and the positivist illusion. It is argued that these illusions result from unproved conceptual over-simplifications and lead to a naive conception of action that often impedes ICZM implementation.
Performance Pay, Risk Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

We present a model in which workers with greater ability and greater risk tolerance move into performance pay jobs to capture rents and contrast it with the classic agency model. Estimates from the German Socio-Economic Panel confirm testable implications drawn from our model. First, before controlling for earnings, workers in performance pay jobs have higher job satisfaction, a proxy for on-the-job utility. Second, after controlling for earnings, workers in jobs with performance pay have the same job satisfaction as those not in such jobs. Third, those workers in performance pay jobs who have greater risk tolerance routinely report greater job satisfaction. While these findings support models in which workers capture rent, they would not be suggested by the classic agency model.
CoST: Contrastive Learning of Disentangled Seasonal-Trend Representations for Time Series Forecasting

Deep learning has been actively studied for time series forecasting, and the mainstream paradigm is based on the end-to-end training of neural network architectures, ranging from classical LSTM/RNNs to more recent TCNs and Transformers. Motivated by the recent success of representation learning in computer vision and natural language processing, we argue that a more promising paradigm for time series forecasting, is to first learn disentangled feature representations, followed by a simple regression fine-tuning step -- we justify such a paradigm from a causal perspective. Following this principle, we propose a new time series representation learning framework for time series forecasting named CoST, which applies contrastive learning methods to learn disentangled seasonal-trend representations. CoST comprises both time domain and frequency domain contrastive losses to learn discriminative trend and seasonal representations, respectively. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets show that CoST consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by a considerable margin, achieving a 21.3% improvement in MSE on multivariate benchmarks. It is also robust to various choices of backbone encoders, as well as downstream regressors. Code is available at https://github.com/salesforce/CoST.
Transmitted/Founder and Chronic HIV-1 Envelope Proteins Are Distinguished by Differential Utilization of CCR5

ABSTRACT Infection by HIV-1 most often results from the successful transmission and propagation of a single virus variant, termed the transmitted/founder (T/F) virus. Here, we compared the attachment and entry properties of envelope (Env) glycoproteins from T/F and chronic control (CC) viruses. Using a panel of 40 T/F and 47 CC Envs, all derived by single genome amplification, we found that 52% of clade C and B CC Envs exhibited partial resistance to the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc (MVC) on cells expressing high levels of CCR5, while only 15% of T/F Envs exhibited this same property. Moreover, subtle differences in the magnitude with which MVC inhibited infection on cells expressing low levels of CCR5, including primary CD4+ T cells, were highly predictive of MVC resistance when CCR5 expression levels were high. These results are consistent with previous observations showing a greater sensitivity of T/F Envs to MVC inhibition on cells expressing very high levels of CCR5 and indicate that CC Envs are often capable of recognizing MVC-bound CCR5, albeit inefficiently on cells expressing physiologic levels of CCR5. When CCR5 expression levels are high, this phenotype becomes readily detectable. The utilization of drug-bound CCR5 conformations by many CC Envs was seen with other CCR5 antagonists, with replication-competent viruses, and did not obviously correlate with other phenotypic traits. The striking ability of clade C and B CC Envs to use MVC-bound CCR5 relative to T/F Envs argues that the more promiscuous use of CCR5 by these Env proteins is selected against at the level of virus transmission and is selected for during chronic infection.
Spatial Dynamics of the Housing Market: An Interurban Perspective

A major unproven hypothesis in housing economics is that regional ripple effects are caused by household migration between regions. This paper examines household migration and price ripples at the level of local housing markets driven partly by the fact that such migration linkages are likely to be more pronounced between local, rather than regional, housing markets. Following a review of regional housing market studies, several hypotheses linking the existence of lead-lag relationships and cointegration with the scale of migratory linkages between local housing market areas (LHMAs) are proposed. Using private housing transactions data for Strathclyde, a sub-region of Scotland, the paper identifies two clusters of LHMAs that differ in terms of their migratory linkages with Glasgow, the hypothesised leading housing market of the sub-region. Tests for lead-lag relationships and cointegration confirm the link between migration and house price changes.
Inherited Selective Intestinal Cobalamin Malabsorption and Cobalamin Deficiency in Dogs

ABSTRACT: Inherited selective intestinal malabsorption of cobalamin (Cbl) was observed in a family of giant schnauzer dogs. Family studies and breeding experiments demonstrated simple autosomal recessive inheritance of this disease. Affected puppies exhibited chronic inappetence and failure to thrive beginning between 6 and 12 wk of age. Neutropenia with hypersegmentation, anemia with anisocytosis and poikilocytosis, and megaloblastic changes of the bone marrow were present. Serum Cbl concentrations were low, and methylmalonic atiduria and homocysteinemia were present. Parenteral, but not oral, cyanocobalamin administration rapidly eliminated all signs of Cbl deficiency except for low serum Cbl concentrations. Cbl malabsorption in affected dogs was documented by oral administration of [57Co]cyanocobalamin with or without simultaneous oral administration of intrinsic factor or normal dog gastric juice. Quantitation and function studies of intrinsic factor and transcobalamin-II from affected dogs revealed no abnormality. Other gastrointestinal functions and ileal morphology were normal, indicating a selective defect of Cbl absorption at the level of the ileal enterocyte. Immunoelectron microscopy of ileal biopsies showed that the receptor for intrinsic factor-Cbl complex was absent from the apical brush border microvillus pits of affected dogs. This canine disorder resembles inherited selective intestinal Cbl malabsorption (Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome) in humans, and is a spontaneously occurring animal model of early onset Cbl deficiency.
La efectividad de la inversión en infraestructuras públicas: una panorámica para la economía española y sus regiones

In this work we go through the economic literature that has quanti- fied in the last years the macroeconomic effects of public infrastructures at the regional level. The paper offers, from the point of view of the authors, a review of the most significant contributions to the production function and cost function ap- proaches. In the analysis we put the emphasis on results obtained for the Spanish economy. Likewise, the conclusions are entirely devoted to extract recommenda- tions, that should be taken in mind, when designing public investment policies of infrastructure endowment in Spain.
Global Water Pollution and Human Health

Water quality issues are a major challenge that humanity is facing in the twenty-first century. Here, we review the main groups of aquatic contaminants, their effects on human health, and approaches to mitigate pollution of freshwater resources. Emphasis is placed on chemical pollution, particularly on inorganic and organic micropollutants including toxic metals and metalloids as well as a large variety of synthetic organic chemicals. Some aspects of waterborne diseases and the urgent need for improved sanitation in developing countries are also discussed. The review addresses current scientific advances to cope with the great diversity of pollutants. It is organized along the different temporal and spatial scales of global water pollution. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have affected water systems on a global scale for more than five decades; during that time geogenic pollutants, mining operations, and hazardous waste sites have been the most relevant sources of long-term regional and local water pollution. Agricultural chemicals and wastewater sources exert shorter-term effects on regional to local scales.
Five "Gs": Lessons from World Trade for Governing Global Climate Change

In taking the first steps toward a global climate regime, leading nations can learn from the experience of how the global trading regime built confidence in a self-regulating system. The GATT/WTO system built on a small group of states who, through a general agreement, were able to gear up domestic action over a generation. The advantages of this approach are that it does not pose a direct challenge to national sovereignty. Instead, it coordinates the work of states in a way that respects a diversity of local governance, and has a greater chance of getting buy-in from the key players. The challenges of such an approach are that it does not guarantee fast domestic action, that many smaller states will feel left out of the process, and that the transition into the system for many of these states may be difficult. Lastly, as with the trade regime, it must overcome the biggest challenge for global governance in today’s world: how to graduate nations when they emerge from being developing nations into industrialized ones. 1 Managing Director, Brookings Institution. The author is indebted to comments from Scott Barrett, Colin Bradford, Lael Brainard, Daniel Drezner, Stuart Eizenstat, Lauren Fine, Warwick McKibbin Carlos Pascual, Nigel Purvis, David Sandalow, and Strobe Talbott. William Antholis Five “Gs” 2
ICRP Publication 131: Stem cell biology with respect to carcinogenesis aspects of radiological protection

Current knowledge of stem cell characteristics, maintenance and renewal, evolution with age, location in ‘niches’, and radiosensitivity to acute and protracted exposures is reviewed regarding haematopoietic tissue, mammary gland, thyroid, digestive tract, lung, skin, and bone. The identity of the target cells for carcinogenesis continues to point to the more primitive and mostly quiescent stem cell population (able to accumulate the protracted sequence of mutations necessary to result in malignancy), and, in a few tissues, to daughter progenitor cells. Several biological processes could contribute to the protection of stem cells from mutation accumulation: (1) accurate DNA repair; (2) rapid induced death of injured stem cells; (3) retention of the intact parental strand during divisions in some tissues so that mutations are passed to the daughter differentiating cells; and (4) stem cell competition, whereby undamaged stem cells outcompete damaged stem cells for residence in the vital niche. DNA repair mainly operates within a few days of irradiation, while stem cell replications and competition require weeks or many months depending on the tissue type. This foundation is used to provide a biological insight to protection issues including the linear-non-threshold and relative risk models, differences in cancer risk between tissues, dose-rate effects, and changes in the risk of radiation carcinogenesis by age at exposure and attained age.
Challenging the “Asian Pacific American” Rubric: Social Constructions of Ethnic Identity Among Samoan Youth in Hawaii

ABSTRACT In recent years, a number of Asian American scholars have attempted to incorporate Pacifititle Islanders into the Asian American rubric by coining the term “Asian Pacific American. ” Using qualitative interview data, this paper suggests that by including Pacific Islanders into Asian American Studies, Asian American scholars have glossed over unique concerns pertinent to Pacific Islander communities. Specifically, this paper examines the identity constructions of Samoan adolescents that serve to perpetuate marginalization in the population, in order to illustrate the distinct differences between Pacific Island and Asian American youth. The article recommends that Pacific Islander communities be referenced independently under a more appropriate rubric identified by the population itself.
Deer Density and the Abundance of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)

Abstract The abundance of Ixodes scapularis Say (Ixodes dammini Spielman, Clifford, Piesman & Corwin), the vector tick of the Lyme disease spirochete and other human pathogens, is related to the presence of its primary reproductive stage host, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman). However, this relationship has not been quantified in terms that would guide wildlife management in areas in which the public is, or is likely to become, exposed to infected ticks. In this study, deer density and tick abundance were measured in an emergent area for Lyme disease at three spatial scales using estimation methods appropriate for each. Simple linear regression was used to relate (1) the number of ticks found on deer at tagging stations in southern Maine to harvest-derived estimates of the density of deer within the towns in which they were killed, (2) tick densities estimated from fall flagging counts to deer densities estimated from pellet group counts made within multiple transects distributed through 5.2-km2 study sites, and (3) tick counts to pellet group counts within the individual transects. At the broadest scale, ticks on deer decreased with elevation and distance from the coast and increased with deer density, although deer and tick presence were only weakly related. Among the 5.2-km2 study sites and within individual transects, tick abundance related more strongly to deer pellet group counts. Few ticks were collected at deer densities <7/km2.
Website Service Quality and Shopping Website Stickiness: The Mediating Effect of Website Involvement

Website service quality has been considered to be important to increase users’ stickiness toward website in online shopping context. However, the underlying mechanism through which website service quality can influence shopping website stickiness remains unclear. In this study, the concept of website involvement was introduced to explain why people tend to favor sticking a shopping website. Also, four dimensions of website service quality (i.e. recovery, reliability, personalization, and responsiveness) were identified from existing related literature to influence consumers’ website involvement. Unlike prior studies, the “Stimulus-OrganismResponse” model and an integrated framework combining the transactional view and the relational view of consumer-website interaction were used to test the relationship among website service quality, website involvement (cognitive involvement and affective involvement), and website stickiness. Empirical result shows that website service quality has no significant direct impact on website stickiness. However, it has significantly positive effects on both cognitive involvement and affective involvement, which in turn significantly correlate to website stickiness, indicating that website involvement plays full mediating role in the relation between website service quality and website stickiness. The results also indicate that consumer affective involvement strongly influences their cognitive involvement toward a shopping website.
Evaluating the Effects of Place-Marketing Campaigns on Interregional Migration in Sweden

During the last few years, Swedish municipalities have become increasingly engaged in competition to attract in-migrants. An important element of these efforts has been the use of place-marketing campaigns and promotion. Very little is known, however, about these attempts in terms of the number of municipalities involved, economic efforts, ways of marketing, target groups, etc. Furthermore, and more importantly, as for place-marketing studies in general, there have been few attempts at evaluation. The author's purpose is to provide an overview and to evaluate the effects of place-marketing efforts made by municipalities in Sweden to attract in-migrants. The empirical material is based largely on survey responses from 220 municipalities, and provides data for a general overview as well as for the evaluative approaches employed in the study. Among other findings, the results suggest that, although this kind of marketing has definitely become more important over the last few years, there is little evidence of any significant effects on interregional migration flows.