Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of Summer Precipitation Simulation to Microphysics Parameterization Over Eastern China: Convection‐Permitting Regional Climate Simulation

With a six‐year (2009–2014) summer climate simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at convection‐permitting resolution (4‐km grid spacing), the effects of microphysics parameterization (MP) schemes on precipitation characteristics are investigated in this study. The convection‐permitting simulations employ three popular MP schemes, namely, Lin (single‐moment bulk MP), Weather Research and Forecasting Single‐Moment 5‐class (one‐moment and mixed‐phased MP), and Thompson (two‐moment and mixed‐phase MP) scheme. By evaluating the simulations against the CMORPH, rain gauge (Station), and ERA‐Interim data, it is found that the convection‐permitting model reproduce well the summer precipitation amount and the associated large‐scale atmospheric circulations, which are insensitive to the choice of MP schemes. The simulations with three MP schemes overestimate the precipitation amount, especially over the Yangtze‐Huaihe River Valley. The overestimations may be due to the systematic biases, and cannot be significantly reduced by using different MP schemes. Moreover, all simulations capture well the major features of precipitation diurnal variations and their transition characteristics, but they significantly overestimate the precipitation frequency while underestimate the precipitation intensity. The analysis on the microphysical hydrometeors shows that the model‐simulated precipitation amount is considerably affected by the vertical profiles of solid hydrometeors, especially the snow and graupel particles. The Thompson scheme creates more snow particles and less graupel than the other schemes, while produces the least precipitation amount that best matches the CMORPH.
Study of Water Level Variation in the Reservoir at the Ilha Solteira Dam (Brazil) Based on
 Geodesic Remote Sensing

The construction of water reservoirs for the production of electricity or human consumption is very common in Brazil due to its high availability of water. However, in the last few years, the southeastern region of the country has been undergoing a period of drought that has greatly affected electricity generation, especially in the northwestern region of the state of Sao Paulo, an area that comprises one of the largest hydroelectric complexes in the world (Ilha Solteira and Jupia). Ilha Solteira currently has a continuous-monitoring Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station. These data were used in many geoscience studies investigating the Earth’s dynamics. This study evaluates the impact of the annual variation in the water level in the reservoir at geodetic altitude provided by the GNSS. Satellite images, GNSS solutions from the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory (NGL), referred to as IGS08, and daily quota and volume estimates from the Reservoir Monitoring System managed by the National Water Agency (ANA) were used. The results indicated a reduction in the reservoir water level and volume, which represented a variation of approximately 3.5 cm at the GNSS altitude.
Adenovirus and Rotavirus Associated Diarrhoea in under 5 Children from Enugu Rural Communities, South East Nigeria

Globally, diarrhoea is the second commonest infectious cause of death in children less than 5 years old. It is estimated that more than one billion diarrhoea episodes occur every year causing up to 700,000 deaths among children younger than 5 years of age. Seventy-two percent of these deaths occur in children below two years and enteric viruses have been recognized as a major cause of childhood diarrhoea. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of enteric Adenoviruses and Rotaviruses in children with diarrhoea in rural Enugu communities of Enugu State South East Nigeria. Methods: Stool samples were collected from children less than 5 years with diarrhoea seen in any of the participating hospitals in Enugu State. Samples were collected between June 2015 and May 2017. Detection of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus antigens were performed using commercially available ELISA kit (Oxoid-ProspecT®). Demographic data of the children were also collected. Results: Of the 290 stool samples that had sufficient materials for adenovirus and rotavirus ELISA, 14 (4.8%) and 89 (30.7%) were positive for enteric adenovirus and rotavirus respectively. 3 (1%) were co-infected with adenovirus and rotavirus. Rotavirus positive cases were more among hospitalized patients while enteric adenovirus was more among outpatients. Marked peaks of rotavirus positivity were seen in January of each year but no peak was seen among adenovirus positive cases. Higher vomiting frequencies and severe dehydration were more among rotavirus positive cases compared to adenovirus positive cases (p = 0.030 and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Many diarrhoea cases among children aged <5 in the population studied were associated with enteric adenoviruses and rotavirus. This finding suggests that enteric viral agents (adenovirus and rotavirus) are important aetiologies for childhood diarrhoea in Enugu state Nigeria. Appropriate preventive, diagnostic and treatment interventions should be instituted so as to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with these viruses.
Vascularisation artérielle du pied : son importance dans les interventions de revascularisation du membre inférieur

L'etude de la vascularisation du pied a partir de 50 arteriographies per-operatoires avec artere de jambe unique, et de 50 injections cadaveriques, montre que cette vascularisation arterielle est sous la dependance : - des anastomoses sus-malleolaires, - de l'arche plantaire primaire, - des arches secondaires. L'existence de ces voies anastomotiques est essentielle pour assurer la permeabilite des pontages femoro-jambiers et la cicatrisation des lesions trophiques distales, lorsqu'une seule artere de jambe reste permeable et peut etre revascularisee.
Age at Menarche and Its Related Factors Among Students of Qaen, Eastern Iran: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Age at menarche is the key indicator of puberty in females and the reflector of populations’ health that different hereditary and environmental factors can affect it. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the age at menarche and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) and demographic factors among students of Qaen, Eastern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400, 10 - 16-year-old students of Qaen located at the East of Iran, in 2016. The participants were selected by the random multistage sampling of students in elementary and secondary schools that were eligible to participate in the study. Data collection was carried out through interviews and a checklist including demographic and menarche information as well as height and weight measurements in schools. The data were analyzed using SPSS V. 18 by Pearson’s correlation, t-test, and multiple linear regression. Results: The mean age of students was 13.86 ± 1.10 years, mean BMI was 20.38 ± 2.72 kg/m2 and the mean age at menarche was 12.78 ± 1.23 (95% CI: 12.66 - 12.90) years. There was an inverse correlation between the age at menarche and BMI (r = -0.123, P = 0.014) while the height (r = 0.195, P = 0.0001), maternal age (r = 0.223, P = 0.0001), and sleep duration (r = 0.156, P = 0.002) were directly related to age at menarche. No significant relationship existed between age at menarche and weight of students (P = 0.86). Conclusions: The mean age at menarche of students was as average as Iranian studies. Lower age at menarche was significantly correlated with higher BMI.
Modeling the Magnetopause Shadowing Loss During the June 2015 Dropout Event

Fast dropout of relativistic and ultrarelativistic electrons at both high and low L* regions were observed during the intense coronal mass ejection driven storm in June 2015. An improved radial diffusion model, using an event‐specific last closed drift shell and newly available radial diffusion coefficients (DLL), is implemented to simulate the magnetopause shadowing loss of electrons. The model captures the fast shadowing loss of electrons well at high L* regions after both interplanetary shocks, and reproduces the initial adiabatic loss of the high‐energy storage ring at low L* regions after the second strong shock. We show for the first time that using the event‐specific and K‐dependent last closed drift shell and improved DLL is critical to reproduce the observed dropout features, including the timing, location, and the butterfly electron pitch angle distribution. Future inclusion of the electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave scattering process is needed to model the observed further depletion of the storage ring.
Terminal Pleistocene lithic variability in the Western Negev (Israel): Is there any evidence for contacts with the Nile Valley?

At the end of the Pleistocene (25,000-15,000 BP), there is a shift to more arid conditions in the Negev and the Sinai corresponding to the Last Glacial Maximum. For the Nile Valley and the Levant, the lowering of the Mediterranean sea level, the expansion of the Sahara and the desiccation of some major eastern African lakes had important consequences on: (1) the general behaviour of the River Nile; (2) the landscape around the Nile Delta; and (3) sand dune mobilisation. Despite this shift to more arid conditions, there is abundant evidence for human occupation in the Egyptian Nile Valley and in the arid zone of the Southern Levant at this time. In addition, contacts between these two regions have sometimes been suggested, mainly by genetic studies, including early ‘Back-to-Africa’ dispersals. This paper focuses on the analysis of six terminal Pleistocene (ca. 25,000-15,000 BP) lithic assemblages from the western Negev Desert dunes in Israel, attributed to the Early and Middle Epipalaeolithic. The analysis relies on the chaine operatoire approach combined with attribute analysis that enables quantification of typo-technological differences. Results of this analysis allows comparisons with assemblages from the Egyptian Nile Valley analysed in the same way previously. This comparative analysis is then used to discuss hypotheses of potential technical diffusions between these two regions. Current archaeological evidence therefore does not support any contacts between populations between the Levant and the Nile Valley at the end of the Pleistocene.
Preparation of Biomass Activated Carbon Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (Nzvi) and Its Application in Decolorization of Methyl Orange from Aqueous Solution

The nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has great potential to degrade organic polluted wastewater. In this study, the nZVI particles were obtained by the pulse electrodeposition and were loaded on the biomass activated carbon (BC) for synthesizing the composite material of BC-nZVI. The composite material was characterized by SEM-EDS and XRD and was also used for the decolorization of methyl orange (MO) test. The results showed that the 97.94% removal percentage demonstrated its promise in the remediation of dye wastewater for 60 min. The rate of MO matched well with the pseudo-second-order model, and the rate-limiting step may be a chemical sorption between the MO and BC-nZVI. The removal percentage of MO can be effectively improved with higher temperature, larger BC-nZVI dosage, and lower initial concentration of MO at the pH of 7 condition.
Early Interglacial Legacy of Deglacial Climate Instability

Throughout the last glacial cycle millennial timescale variations in atmospheric CO2 occurred in parallel with perturbations in deep ocean circulation, which were themselves reflected by observable changes in surface conditions across the North Atlantic region. Here we use continuous proxy records to argue that an equivalent relationship has held throughout the last 800 kyr, that is, since before the first occurrence of Heinrich events (strictly defined). Our results highlight the importance of internal climate dynamics in amplifying external (insolation) forcing on the climate system to produce the large amplitude of glacial terminations (deglaciations) during the middle to late Pleistocene. We show that terminations are characterized by an interval of intense ice rafting followed by a subsequent and abrupt shift to anomalously warm surface conditions (with respect to the more gradually evolving background state), which we interpret to reflect an abrupt recovery of deep ocean circulation in the Atlantic. According to our synthesis, this is followed by a period of enhanced (or at least anomalous) overturning lasting thousands of years until equilibrium interglacial conditions are attained and during which atmospheric CO2 is likely to decrease. Our results therefore suggest that deglacial oscillations in ocean circulation can have a lasting influence on early interglacial climate and highlight the transient nature of atmospheric CO2 overshoots associated with the onset of some previous interglacials. Accordingly, we suggest that these intervals should be considered as a part of the deglacial process. This has implications for studies concerned with the evolution of atmospheric CO2 during interglacial periods including the Holocene.
Factors affecting canine fecal and parasitic contamination of public green spaces of Buenos Aires city, Argentina, and visitors’ perception of such contamination

Canine fecal contamination in public green areas is difficult to control. Our objectives were to assess: (i) the relationship between fecal contamination in public green spaces of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and the type of green space (boulevard/square/park), considering their area, presence/absence of control measures, and human population density in the surroundings (high or low); (ii) the perception of people of such contamination and (iii) the frequency of parasites in dog feces. In each green space (n = 26), feces were counted in thirty 25-m2 plots randomly located. The opinion survey consisted of asking people (358) what their perception of fecal contamination was, whether it bothered them and whether they thought it was hazardous to the dogs’ or people’ health. Canine fecal samples randomly collected (n = 112) were concentrated and examined microscopically. Mixed-effect generalized linear models were fitted to evaluate the effect of selected variables on fecal contamination. People’s perception of human and canine health risks were assessed by logistic regression. Canine fecal contamination was lower in squares with control measures and in parks with control measures located in densely populated areas, and higher in boulevards located in densely populated areas. The visitor’s perception was that feces were associated with dirtiness (77%) and odor (30.8%). Parasites were detected in 51.8% of fecal samples. Our results confirm that environmental control measures decrease canine fecal contamination of public green spaces, and that more than 65% of the people interviewed do not relate fecal contamination to risks to human/dog health.
Effect of moisture conservation on growth and yield of linseed under varying fertility levels.

A field experiment was conducted to effect of moisture conservation on growth and yield of linseed under varying fertility levels in rabi, 2015. The experiment was laid out in split plot design, keeping combinations of two mulch (no-mulch and locally available straw mulch) and three irrigation schedules (50% CPE, 75% CPE and 100% CPE) in main plots and three fertility levels (no nutrient, 75% RDF and 100% RDF) in sub plots. Plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation plant-1and yield attributes as well as seed yield and straw yield were recorded maximum with mulching and 100% CPE. However, among the fertility levels, 100% RDF recorded significantly higher values for all the growth parameters, yield attributes and yield followed by 75% RDF.
Meteorological Temperature and Humidity Prediction from Fourier-Statistical Analysis of Hourly Data

The temperature readings for all the 365 days and the 24 hours may be fitted through a 3 × 3 matrix (the so-called T-matrix). The mean square deviation between this fit and the actual meteorological measurements is smaller than three degrees Celsius. Four entries of this (nonsymmetric) matrix may be fixed by other means, leaving only five independent components. However, the same method applied to the humidity measurements produces a larger mean square deviation. A strong stochastical connection is found between the T-temperature matrix and the U-humidity matrix. The computer program, in C, may be used to adjust a (2M + 1) × (2m + 1) matrix simply by changing the arguments at the command line and has been tested with m and M ranging from zero to 11 (eleven) (more than 24 readings per day are necessary for larger values of m). The physical meaning of these constants is given only in the case m = M = 1. Our results have also been connected to fundamental cosmological properties: Earth’s orbit, the ecliptic angle, and the latitude of Querétaro (or whatever geographical location is chosen). A separate program calculates the angular position of the Sun as measured in the sky of Querétaro, to determine the length of the day or the mean value of the solar cosine. This work introduces several new variables which happen to be stochastically connected.
Interpolation of regularly sampled prestack seismic data with self-supervised learning

We describe a framework for interpolation of broadband, prestack seismic data using a deep learning pipeline trained in a self-supervised manner. Unlike classification or segmentation tasks, image generation with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is inherently more complex as the networks needs to learn the high dimensional distributions of broadband prestack gathers to be able to accurately reconstruct the missing traces. We highlight two main challenges specific to prestack seismic data for this task: (1) the choice of the loss function and (2) the lack of suitable training data in the form of image-label pairs to cast the problem as a supervised deep learning task. We show that a naïve implementation of standard loss measures like sample-wise L2 or L1 leads to cycle skipping issues at high frequencies and undesirable smoothness in the mid-frequency reconstruction. To resolve this, we use a perceptual loss function computed using a pretrained variational auto-encoder (VAE) that penalizes differences between the interpolated and the input gathers in the high dimensional feature space of these gathers. To account for the lack of high-quality labelled training data we use a self-supervised learning scheme where a generator network is trained to read in random noise and produce the desired super-resolution output.
A two-stage Markov chain Monte Carlo method for seismic inversion and uncertainty quantification

Bayesian methods for full-waveform inversion allow quantification of uncertainty in the solution, including determination of interval estimates and posterior distributions of the model unknowns. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods produce posterior distributions subject to fewer assumptions, such as normality, than deterministic Bayesian methods. However, MCMC is computationally a very expensive process that requires repeated solution of the wave equation for different velocity samples. Ultimately, a large proportion of these samples (often 40%–90%) is rejected. We have evaluated a two-stage MCMC algorithm that uses a coarse-grid filter to quickly reject unacceptable velocity proposals, thereby reducing the computational expense of solving the velocity inversion problem and quantifying uncertainty. Our filter stage uses operator upscaling, which provides near-perfect speedup in parallel with essentially no communication between processes and produces data that are highly correlated with those obtained from the full fine-grid solution. Four numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method. The two-stage MCMC algorithm produce the same results (i.e., posterior distributions and uncertainty information, such as medians and highest posterior density intervals) as the Metropolis-Hastings MCMC. Thus, no information needed for uncertainty quantification is compromised when replacing the one-stage MCMC with the more computationally efficient two-stage MCMC. In four representative experiments, the two-stage method reduces the time spent on rejected models by one-third to one-half, which is important because most of models tried during the course of the MCMC algorithm are rejected. Furthermore, the two-stage MCMC algorithm substantially reduced the overall time-per-trial by as much as 40%, while increasing the acceptance rate from 9% to 90%.
Voyager 2 constraints on plasmoid‐based transport at Uranus

A magnetosphere controls a planet's evolution by suppressing or enhancing atmospheric loss to space. In situ measurements of Uranus' magnetosphere from the Voyager 2 flyby in 1986 provide the only direct evidence of magnetospheric transport processes responsible for this atmospheric escape at Uranus. Analysis of high‐resolution Voyager 2 magnetic field data in Uranus' magnetotail reveals the presence of a loop‐like plasmoid filled with planetary plasma traveling away from the planet. This first plasmoid observation in an Ice Giant magnetosphere elucidates that (1) both internal and external forces play a role in Uranus' magnetospheric dynamics, (2) magnetic reconnection contributes to the circulation of plasma and magnetic flux at Uranus, and (3) plasmoids may be a dominant transport mechanism for mass loss through Uranus' magnetotail.
The effect of a prebiotic with a probiotic on symptoms and quality of life in ulcerative colitis

The medical management of ulcerative colitis in children often requires aggressive pharmacological therapy or colonic resection. We hypothesized that synbiotic therapy, consisting of B. longum R0175 and inulin would improve symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in children diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. Consenting pediatric subjects (8-18 years; n = 9) with ulcerative colitis in remission were provided synbiotic therapy, (Probiotic: Bifidobacterium longum R0175 2.0 x 10 cfu/day; Prebiotic: 15 g/day of inulin) (n = 4) or placebo (maltodextrin + ascorbic acid capsule; 15 g/day of non-resistant maltodextrin) (n = 5) for ten months in a pilot study (Phase I). After ten months, the study was unblinded and synbiotic therapy was administered to eight pediatric subjects (Phase II). In attempt to increase sample size, three adult subjects with active UC were recruited and provided the synbiotic therapy (Phase III). In all phases of the research, QOL was measured using the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ). The SIBDQ was administered at baseline and every two months. Subjects kept a daily records of symptoms (stool consistency and frequency, presence of blood and mucous, presence of abdominal pain and overall feeling). Phase I QOL scores were significantly better for those receiving the synbiotic therapy versus the placebo (p = 0.014). Severe symptoms occurred in 60% of the control subjects, where as subjects receiving synbiotic therapy did not experience severe symptoms (p = 0.032). Phase II QOL scores were significantly better post-treatment with synbiotic therapy (p=0.034). One subject (steroid dependant) was able to wean off Prednisone while receiving the synbiotic therapy; she remained in remission and was symptom free for over 26 months. In Phase III, synbiotic therapy did not induce remission in the adult subjects with active UC. No adverse effects were reported. Synbiotic therapy consisting of Bifidobacterium longum R0175 and inulin, when provided in addition to conventional treatment, appears to be a safe and effective strategy for managing pediatric ulcerative colitis in remission. Further clinical trials are warranted to confirm these preliminary results.