Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the in vitro transforming activities of human papillomavirus types.

The association of certain human papillomavirus (HPV) types with the majority of human cervical carcinomas suggests a role for the virus in the development of this type of cancer. In this paper, we have examined the transforming properties of several HPV types where the early region genes of the virus are under the control of a strong heterologous promoter and show that major differences exist between the HPV types in their ability to transform primary rat kidney epithelial cells in conjunction with an activated ras oncogene. Those HPV types most commonly found in carcinomas–types 16, 18, 31 and 33–are capable of co‐operating with ras to transform primary cells, but those types most commonly found in benign lesions–types 6 and 11–are not. We further demonstrate that the E7 gene of HPV16 by itself is sufficient to co‐operate with activated ras to produce transformed cells which are tumorigenic in immunocompetent animals.
A Randomized Prospective Placebo-Controlled Study of Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate vs. Metoclopramide in the Management of Acute Migraine Attacks in the Emergency Department

The objective of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to determine the effectiveness of intravenous magnesium sulphate and intravenous metoclopramide in the treatment of acute migraine attacks in the Emergency Department when compared with placebo. Adult patients who presented to the Emergency Department with a headache that met International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for acute migraine were infused with either 10 mg of intravenous metoclopramide, 2 g of intravenous magnesium sulphate or normal saline over 10 min. At 0, 15, and 30 min, patients were asked to rate their pain on a standard visual analogue scale. At 30 min, patients were asked in a standard manner about the need for rescue medication. Adverse affects were also recorded. Patients were followed up by telephone within 24 h for any recurrence after discharge. The primary endpoint of the study was the difference in pain relief between the groups at 30 min. Of the 120 patients who met IHS criteria, seven were excluded from the study due to insufficient data. The number of patients, gender, age and initial visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were comparable between groups. Each group experienced more than a 25-mm improvement in VAS score at 30 min. However, there was no significant difference detected in the mean changes in VAS scores for pain. The rescue medication requirement was higher in the placebo group. The recurrence rate in 24 h was similar between the groups. Although patients receiving placebo required rescue medication more than the others, metoclopramide and magnesium have an analgesic effect similar to placebo in migraine attacks.
A comparative study on the growth rate of the thymus and suprarenal glands of human fetuses at different gestational weeks-a graphical analysis

Objective: The present study was conducted to find out a relationship of the growth rate of fetuses, thymus, suprarenal glands (both left and right), thymus weight/body weight ratios and suprarenal glands weight/body weight ratios of human fetuses at different gestational weeks. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 89 (eighty nine) fetuses of different gestational ages ranging from 9 to 40 weeks obtained from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Regional Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Imphal, India. The gross morphological parameters such as weights of fetus, thymus, suprarenal glands (both left and right) and corresponding organs weight/body weight ratios were noted. Their mean  SD values were calculated and measured. The data were statistically and graphically analyzed. Results: The thymus growth rate from 14 to 40 weeks was found increasing faster as compared to that of left and right suprarenal glands. The growth rate of left suprarenal gland from 22 weeks onwards was also found increasing at a faster rate than that of right suprarenal gland. There was almost a similar gradual growth rate from 22 to 40 week for both left and right suprarenal glands, with the left suprarenal gland increasing at slightly faster rate as compared to right suprarenal gland. Conclusion: There was a gradual growth rate from 22 to 40 week for both left and right suprarenal glands, with the left suprarenal gland increasing at slightly faster rate when compared to right suprarenal gland. There was a gradual increase in thymus weight/body weight ratio from 20 to 30 gestational weeks and then the ratios remained almost constant upto 40 week and in case of suprerenal weight/body weight ratio, there was a gradual decrease from 22 to 30 week and then became almost constant after 30 weeks. The findings had corroborated and substantiated with the previous findings of different workers and at the same time also contrasted partially as well as moderately with the findings of previous workers.
Trends in Opportunistic Infections in the Pre–and Post–Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Eras Among HIV-Infected Children in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study, 1986–2004

OBJECTIVE. We sought to determine the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the incidence and prevalence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected children. METHODS. Children born from 1986 to 1998 were monitored until 2004 in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study, sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We determined the pre–highly active antiretroviral therapy and post–highly active antiretroviral therapy (before and after January 1, 1997, respectively) incidence rates of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children and characterized the temporal decreases in percentages of CD4+ cells and the mortality rates among patients with and those without incident opportunistic infections. RESULTS. The overall opportunistic infection incidence declined from 14.4 to 1.1 cases per 100 patient-years; statistically significant reductions were seen in the incidence of the most common opportunistic infections, including Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (5.8 vs 0.3 cases per 100 patient-years), recurrent bacterial infections (4.7 vs 0.2 cases per 100 patient-years), extraocular cytomegalovirus infection (1.4 vs 0.1 cases per 100 patient-years), and disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (1.3 vs 0.2 cases per 100 patient-years). Kaplan-Meier analysis of time from birth to the first opportunistic infection illustrated more-rapid acquisition of opportunistic infections by HIV-infected children born in the pre–highly active antiretroviral therapy era than by those born later. In the first 3 years of life, there was a faster decline in the percentage of CD4+ cells among children with opportunistic infections. The mortality rate was significantly higher among children with opportunistic infections. CONCLUSIONS. Reduction in the incidence of opportunistic infections and prolongation of the time to the first opportunistic infection were noted during the post–highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Children who experienced opportunistic infections had higher mortality rates than did those who did not. Younger children (<3 years) who experienced opportunistic infections had faster declines in percentages of CD4+ T cells.
The integral method to calculate the power states in electrical circuits

Some remarks on the power states calculation in the electrical circuits have been described. The new equation for Illovici's reactive power has been proposed. Based on Illovici's concept of the reactive power, Emanuel's, Erlicki's and Czarnecki's observation concerning the reactive power properties, the new term of power based on equiformity of voltage and current waveforms has been introduced. The two steps of non-active power reduction or elimination has been also proposed.
Traffic-aware ACB scheme for massive access in machine-to-machine networks

Supporting massive access of machine-type devices in a short period is a critical challenge in machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. We in this paper propose a traffic-aware Access Class Barring (ACB) scheme to improve the scalability of M2M networks. Unlike traditional ACB scheme, our proposed scheme aim at dynamically regulating the parameter of access probability, called barring factor, based on network load, thus accommodating much more M2M devices as well as lowering the access delay. To achieve this goal, we first develop a Markov-Chain based traffic-load estimation scheme according to the collision status. Then, we propose a spectrum of functions to control the barring factor varying with the estimated traffic load. Also provided is a set of simulations results, demonstrating that our proposed traffic-aware scheme significantly outperforms the traditional ACB scheme in terms of not only access success probability, but also average access delay.
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-induced human endometrial stromal cell decidualization through extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Smad activation in vitro: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma acts as a negative regulator of TGF-beta1.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Smad pathway and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma in cultured human endometrial stromal cells. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Infertility center of a tertiary university hospital. MATERIAL(S): Human endometrial tissues obtained by hysterectomy from patients with conditions other than endometrial diseases. INTERVENTION(S) Endometrial stromal cells were cultured under normal laboratory conditions. TGF-beta1, rosiglitazone (PPARgamma agonist), and PD98059 (ERK inhibitor) were added to endometrial stromal cell culture according to experimental purposes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cell count, PRL expression, Smad and ERK phosphorylation, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release. RESULT(S) TGF-beta1 inhibited cellular proliferation and induced the expressions of COX-2, PGE(2), and PRL of cultured human endometrial stromal cells. These effects may be mediated by Smad and ERK phosphorylation. Treatment with rosiglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, reversed the TGF-beta1 effect by antagonizing the activation of ERK and Smad that was induced by TGF-beta1. CONCLUSION(S) PPARgamma plays a negative role by directly acting on Smad and ERK phosphorylation in human endometrial cell decidualization that is induced by TGF-beta1 in vitro.
Gender identity disorder and anorexia nervosa in male monozygotic twins.

OBJECTIVE Male identical twins with gender identity disorder (GID) in childhood and anorexia nervosa (AN) are presented. Etiologic aspects and the relationship among gender identity, sexual orientation, body dissatisfaction, and AN are discussed. METHOD Case reports and a review of the literature are reported. RESULTS In childhood, both twins showed an atypical gender behavior. Whereas one of the twins later developed a transsexual gender identity and asked for sex reassignment, the other developed a male identity but his appearance and clothing are effeminate. According to their biologic sex, they are concordant in regard to their homosexual orientation. In adolescence, both developed AN. Monozygotism was proved by DNA analysis. DISCUSSION GID in childhood could be at least partly hereditary, whereas the development of the later phenotype of the gender identification is more determined by environmental factors. GID might be a risk factor for the development of AN.
Isoflurane rescue therapy for bronchospasm reduces intracranial pressure in a patient with traumatic brain injury

Abstract Primary objective: To assess the unusual use of a volatile anaesthetic for treatment of life-threatening bronchospasm in a patient with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research design: Case report. Methods and procedures: This study presents a previously healthy 30-year-old man with severe TBI and bronchospasm-induced acute hypercapnia. He was treated with inhaled isoflurane in combination with monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Results: Three-day-long isoflurane treatment resolved drug-refractory bronchospasm, decreased airway pressure and improved gas exchange, even at a low end-tidal concentration (0.3–0.5 vol%). Although rCBF was increased by 18 ml min–1 100 g–1 during isoflurane treatment, there was a significant decrease in ICP (21 (SD = 3) mmHg, 9 (SD = 5) mmHg, 2 (SD = 3) mmHg; during pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment, respectively; p < 0.001). Improved autoregulation due to lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide, restoration of carbon dioxide reactivity, isoflurane-induced regional differences in rCBF and improved microcirculation may have been responsible for the prompt and long-lasting normalization of ICP. The patient had no TBI-related disability at 6 months post-injury. Conclusions: Isoflurane at a low dose can be an effective and safe treatment option for drug-refractory bronchospasm in a patient with traumatic intracranial hypertension, provided that multimodality neuromonitoring is used.
The impact of fetal, maternal and external factors on prediction of the day of delivery by the use of ultrasound

In a non‐selected population comprising 15 241 women, an evaluation was performed of the impact of fetal, maternal and external factors on the ultrasonic measurement of the biparietal diameter (BPD) and the day of delivery. The 7824 women who constituted the study population had singleton pregnancies and reliable menstrual histories, and they delivered spontaneously after 37 weeks. Multiple linear regression analysis was used. There was a difference in the size of the BPD at the ultrasound scan related to the gender, parity, maternal age, gestational age according to the last menstrual period and the experience of the operators. There was a total difference of ± 1 day in the day of delivery as determined by ultrasound and the factors above. The effect on the day of delivery is explained by the differences in the BPD. An effect of gender on gestational length was present as well, which partly compensated for the difference in the BPD. In conclusion the accuracy of prediction of the day of delivery by ultrasound is influenced by the gender, parity, maternal age and the experience of the operator, but these differences are small and of no clinical importance. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Judges ’ Attitude Towards Scientific Evidence

Stephen Breyer, a judge of the US Supreme Court, wrote some fifteen years ago: »Scientific issues permeate the law (.). The law must seek decisions that fall within the boundaries of scientifically sound knowledge and approximately reflect the scientific state of the art (.). I believe that in this age of science we must build legal foundations that are sound in science as well as in law. Scientists have offered their help. We in the legal community should accept that offer, and we are in the process of doing so. The result, in my view, will further not only the interests of truth but also those of justice. « (Breyer, 1998: 537−538)
The effect of varying stimulus phase between frequency and amplitude modulation on auditory steady-state responses in neonates

Abstract Objective: To compare auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) to air-conducted amplitude, frequency, and mixed modulated stimuli (AM, FM, and MM, respectively) in neonates. Design: Multiple ASSRs to AM, FM, and MM to 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz tones modulated between 0.078 and 0.092 kHz were recorded and compared. MM phase settings across the cycle at 45° intervals were used and optimum phase settings were predicted using a sinusoidal model. Study sample: Twenty neonates with click ABR thresholds of ≤ 40 dB nHL. Results: ASSR amplitudes were significantly larger to AM than FM stimuli. MM phase setting had a significant effect on amplitude at 1, 2, and 4 kHz but not 0.5 kHz. MM phase settings (± 95% confidence intervals) of 276° (± 9.5°) and 270° (± 19.1°) were predicted for 1 and 2 kHz, respectively. The 0.5 and 4 kHz data were not sufficient to model any effect of phase. MM and AM response latencies increased with decreasing carrier frequency. Some MM response latencies were significantly different from AM response latencies, however no consistent trend was apparent. Test times were significantly affected by phase setting. Conclusions: MM phase settings have a significant effect on ASSR response amplitude and latencies in neonates.
The Carbon Dioxide Absorption Capacity of Amsorb® is Half That of Soda Lime

A new CO2 absorbent, Amsorb® (A), which does not contain monovalent bases, is ideal because it does not degrade volatile anesthetics to either Compound A (from sevoflurane) or carbon monoxide (from desflurane, enflurane, or isoflurane). The CO2 absorption capacity of A, however, has not been investigated under clinical conditions. In this study, we compared the longevity (time to exhaustion) and CO2 absorption capacity (the volume of CO2 absorbed before CO2 rebreathing occurs) of A under low-flow anesthesia (1 L/min) with those of two soda lime absorbents—Medisorb® (M) and Sodasorb® (S)—by using a 750-mL ADU canister and a 1350-mL Aestiva 3000 canister. In the study with the ADU canister, the longevity of A was 213 ± 71 min, significantly less than those of M (445 ± 125;P < 0.01) and S (503 ± 89;P < 0.001). The CO2 absorption capacity (L/100 g absorbent) of A was 5.5 ± 1.2, significantly less than those of M (10.7 ± 1.7) and S (12.1 ± 1.8;P < 0.001). In the study with the Aestiva 3000 canister, the longevity of A was 218 ± 61 min, significantly less than those of M (538 ± 136) and S (528 ± 103;P < 0.001). The CO2 absorption capacity (L/100 g absorbent) of A was 7.6 ± 1.6, significantly less than those of M (14.4 ± 1.8) and S (14.8 ± 2.3;P < 0.001). These results indicate that the CO2 absorption capacity of A is half that of M or S and that the difference in the CO2 absorption capacity between A and M or S is almost constant, regardless of the canister design.
Rhythmic versus phonemic interference in delayed auditory feedback.

PURPOSE Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) of a speaker's voice disturbs normal speech production. Various traditional theories assume that the content of the delayed feedback signal interferes with the actual production of a particular speech unit (phonemic content hypothesis). The displaced rhythm hypothesis as an alternative explanation suggests that speech disturbances arise from a disruptive rhythm that is produced by the delayed speech signal. The present experimental study directly contrasted the role of rhythm and speech content in a DAF task using speech units as stimuli. METHOD One hundred fifty-one participants read aloud 4 different sequences of double syllables that varied in phonemic content and rhythm while auditory feedback was either nondelayed or delayed by 200 or 400 ms. RESULTS In line with previous studies, the authors found a peak of disturbances at a delay of about 200 ms, independent of speech rate. More important, the present results clearly support the displaced rhythm hypothesis. A speech rate dependency of this effect was also found. CONCLUSION Rhythm seems to be a significant criterion of speech monitoring, and hence a mismatch between spoken words and auditory feedback realized by DAF induces obvious speech problems on rhythmic level regardless of phonemic discrepancy at the same time.
Prevalence and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage inpatients in a tertiary care hospital's chest clinic in Turkey.

AIM We aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for nasal methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA/MRSA) carriage among patients admitted to a chest clinic of a tertiary care hospital in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nasal samples were taken from anterior nares were cultured in CHROMagar S. aureus plates, MRSA was determined by disc diffusion method (cefoxitin 30 μg) according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and CHROMagar MRSA plates. A questionnaire was applied to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants and risk factors for carriage. Fisher's exact test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. A P < 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. RESULTS This is a cross-sectional study covering all the patients (n = 431) admitted to Kayseri Training and Research Hospital's Chest Clinic from January 1st to 31st 2014. Of all these patients 55 (12.8%) were nasal S. aureus carriers. MRSA positivity was in five among these patients. In multivariate analysis, being under 65 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-3.3), and having prosthesis (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.6-13.9) were found as risk factors for MSSA colonization. CONCLUSION The prevalence of nasal carriage of MSSA was low in our study population. The only risk factors playing role in carriage were found as being under the age of 65 and having prosthesis.
Resveratrol synergistically augments anti-tumor effect of 5-FU in vitro and in vivo by increasing S-phase arrest and tumor apoptosis

Many studies have shown that natural dietary agents, in combination with chemical agents, can improve the therapeutic response of cancers to chemotherapy and reduce the associated side-effects. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of anticancer effects for the combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and resveratrol (Res). In these studies, we employed the cancer cell lines TE-1 and A431 and an animal model of skin cancer. The presented results provide the first evidence that Res can enhance the anti-tumor potency of 5-FU by inducing S-phase arrest. The combination of Res and 5-FU demonstrates synergistic efficacy, causing tumor regression in a two-stage model of mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by DMBA and TPA. There was clear evidence of Res augmenting the growth inhibitory effect of 5-FU on the TE-1 and A431 cancer cells in vitro. In the in vivo studies, the tumor regression rate in the combination group increased significantly after four weeks of treatment (P < 0.01). The combination of 5-FU and Res significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells and the level of activated caspase-3, cleaved PARP and p53 proteins as well as increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In conclusion, the 5-FU/Res combination enabled a more effective inhibition of cell growth and the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells than 5-FU alone. The results of this study suggest that chemotherapy using natural dietary agents with chemical agents represents a superior cancer treatment option.