Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drug abuse among street children

In The Gambia like all nations, drug abuse is seen as a social and health problem that has many serious implications for the physical, social, psychological and intellectual development of the victims more especially, the children. Therefore, it continues to be a concern to families, community leaders, educators, social workers, health care professionals, academics, government and its development partners. Though there some studies on drug abuse, there is none on children and drug abuse focusing on the street children the most vulnerable category. Street children are hypothesized to be more at risk of any epidemic including drug abuse. This study sought to determine the risk and prevalence of drug abuse among street children focusing on those in the car parks. The research was focused on six critical areas: level of knowledge of drug abuse, perception towards it, level of knowledge of the causes of it in the community and among street children, level of knowledge of negative impacts of it, level of knowledge of the preventive methods; and level of knowledge of the support services and treatments needed by victims. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from thirty five participants (i.e. one driver and six casual apprentices from each of the five car parks) were interviewed. The data was presented and analysed using tables and percentage. The findings revealed among other things, that there is high level of awareness of drug abuse but the feelings towards it is mixed. Like other children, street children are abusing drugs mainly due to peer influence with the ultimate objective of getting high to relief stress, group recognition, trusted by peers, etc. Similarly, participants are highly aware of the negative impacts encompassing fighting, stealing, mental illness, etc. To finance the behaviour, victims are engaged in all types of dangerous antisocial behaviour including romantic ones exposing them to a range of diseases including STIs and HIV/AIDS. Marijuana is the most commonly abused drug. Though in the minority, some have started experimenting cocaine/coke, hashish; and heroin. While participants have good knowledge of the critical methods to fight drug abuse, the support services needed by victims, victims are mostly reluctant to seek the services not only because they are hard to find but fear societal stigmatization, exclusion and discrimination and professionals’ maltreatments.
Prevalence and Health Impact of Violence Among High School Youth in Vlora City

Mathews Journal of Case Reports Prevalence and Health Impact of Violence Among High School Youth in Vlora City Rezarta Lalo1*, Fatjona Kamberi2, Kenedia Lalo3 1Department of Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Vlore “Ismail Qemali”, Vlore Albania. 2Research Center for Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Vlore “Ismail Qemali”, Vlore Albania. 3Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Faculty of Medicine Tirana Albania. Corresponding Author: Rezarta Lalo, Department of Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Vlore “Ismail Qemali”, Vlore Albania, Email: rezarta_lalo@yahoo.com
Prolactin and insulin estimates in pregnancy with glucose intolerance

Objective: To show the relation of prolactin with the incidence of glucose intolerance in pregnancy. Methodology: This study was carried out on thirty Sudanese pregnant ladies suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus, 30 ones with impaired glucose tolerance and 30 control ones with normal glucose tolerance. All subjects overnight fasted before the test. A fasting blood sample was drawn at 6.00 a.m. Thereafter, 75g oral glucose dissolved in 200 cc water was given for each, waiting for two hours and then another blood sample was drawn. Fasting and 2-h, after 75g glucose load, plasma glucose concentrations (FBS and 2h-BS) were estimated by glucose oxidase method. The concentrations of serum insulin in the fasting sample (0 min.) and in the 2 hour after 75g glucose load sample (120 min.) were measured with a specific immunoradiometric assay. The concentrations of serum prolactin (120 min.) were measured with a specific radioimmunoassay. Results: There were no significant differences among levels of fasting serum insulin of the three studied groups (p>0.05) while, the mean level of 2h- serum insulin of the GDM group was significantly lower than that of the IGT and control groups (p 0.05) although the control group recorded the highest mean level of serum prolactin. Conclusion: Prolactin increases progressively as pregnancy advances, reaching a peak in the third trimester when many pregnant ladies may develop gestational diabetes due to the state of insulin resistance which may occur although there is no evidence that prolactin may be directly incorporated with the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance in pregnancy. A decline in insulin secretion may lead to a decline in prolactin since insulin stimulates both acute secretion and de novo synthesis of decidual prolactin.
Level of Professional Commitment and Associated Factors among Nurses Working In Jimma Zone Public Hospitals; Jimma South West Ethiopia, 2018

Background: Nursing profession is a highly stressful profession and nurses are susceptible to the development of burnout; mainly because of the nature and the emotional demands of their profession. Commitment to one’s profession has not been studied as extensively as organizational commitment and it has been comparatively neglected. Effective human resources are the major factor of continuity, success, and realization of the goals of health care organizations. However, the extent of level of professional commitment and associated factors among nurses is not well known in Ethiopia in general; particularly in Jimma zone. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess level of professional commitment and associated factors among nurses working at Hospitals in Jimma zone.
Image Sequence Stabilization Scheme Using FIR Filtering

This paper proposes a new image sequence stabilization (ISS) scheme based on filtering of absolute frame positions. The proposed ISS scheme removes undesired motion effects in real-time, while preserving desired gross camera displacements. The well-known finite impulse response (FIR) filter is adopted for filtering. The proposed ISS scheme provides a filtered position and velocity with fine inherent properties. It is demonstrated that the filtered position is not affected by the constant velocity. It is also shown that the filtered velocity is separated from the position. Via numerical simulations, the performance of the proposed scheme is shown to be superior to the existing Kalman filtering scheme.
Maximizing the Usage of Technology-Enhanced Teaching and Learning of Science and Mathematics in English Program in the Malaysian Secondary Schools System

This research is attempting to examine the effectiveness in the application of ICT (information and communication technology) and standardize courseware in ETeMS (English for Teaching Mathematics and Science) or PPSMI (Pengajaran and Pembelajaran Sains and Matematic dalam Bahasa Inggeris) in English program in the Malaysian secondary school system. Five dimensions of secondary school (type of school, demographic, leadership quality, teaching and learning culture, and teachers' personal and working experience) were examined to determine the maximizing usage of TEC (technology-enhanced classroom) in the learning program. In general, there is a significant difference among factors stated above with maximizing usage of TEC in teaching and learning of science and mathematics in English program. The learning culture is also closely related. In addition, the school and teaching staff are another two essential factors found to be the strong fundamental of maximizing the usage of technology in TEC teaching and learning with towering quality. This study represents an addition to the extant literature on maximizing the usage of technology-enhanced teaching and learning towards the excellence of education in the secondary school system. The maximizing usage of TEC teaching and learning environment within the secondary school system is pivotal towards achieving high quality human capital and improving the efficiency and integrity of technology-enhanced learning of science and mathematics in English program. This study provides further groundwork to assist existing education managers to improve work quality and deliver the maximizing usage of TEC teaching and learning towards the excellence in secondary education.
Comparison of Metal Artifact Reduction for Orthopedic Implants versus Standard Filtered Back Projection: Value of Postoperative CT after Hip Replacement

Prosthetic hip replacement surgery is a relatively safe procedure, but there are post-operative complications. Even though complication rates are low, there are many total hip implant treatments, so radiologists commonly encounter CT images of patients with hip replacement surgery and periprosthetic complications in daily practice (1-4). On CT, metallic hip prostheses can cause severe artifacts, limiting evaluation of anatomic structures near the metal, impair diagnostic confidence, and potentially prevent detection of complications. There are standard metal artifact reduction techniques applied to image acquisition and reconstruction (5). But artifacts exist, particularly in presence of large amounts of metallic hardware, such as total joint arthroplasties. Currently, the most commonly used CT image reconstruction algorithm is filtered back projection. Standard filtered back projection (SFBP) is an analytic reconstruction algorithm that asComparison of Metal Artifact Reduction for Orthopedic Implants versus Standard Filtered Back Projection: Value of Postoperative CT after Hip Replacement 정형외과 임플란트용 금속 인공물 감소법 적용 CT 영상과 표준 여과 후 역투영적용 CT 영상의 비교: 고관절치환술 환자의 수술 후 CT 영상의 가치
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP INTENSITY , DURATION , FREQUENCY OF DISAGGREGATED DAILY RAINFALL IN SOUTHERN RIO GRANDE DO SUL , BRAZIL

The intensity, duration, and frequency relationship (IDF) of rainfall occurrence may be done through continuous records of pluviographs or daily pluviometer values . The objective of this study was to estimate the intensity-duration-frequency relationships of precipitation, using the method of daily rainfall disaggregation, at weather stations located to the southern half of the state of Rio Grande do Sul; comparing them with those obtained by rain gauge records, in places considered homogeneous from the meteorological point of view. The IDF equation parameters were estimated from daily rainfall disaggregation data, using the method of nonlinear optimization. To validate the equations confidence indices and efficiency and the "t" Student test, among maximum intensity values obtained from the disaggregated daily rainfall durations of 10; 30; 60 min and 6; 12 and 24 h and those extracted from existing IDF equations. For all studied stations and return periods, the trust index values were regarded as "optimal", i.e., greater than 0.85. The maximal intensity of rainfall obtained by daily rainfall disaggregation have similarity with those obtained by relations IDF standards. Thus, the method constitutes a feasible alternative in obtaining the IDF relationships.
Aerosol-induced changes in the vertical structure of precipitation: a perspective of TRMM precipitation radar

Abstract. Our knowledge is still poor regarding the response of the precipitation vertical structure to aerosols, partly due to the ignorance of precipitation occurring at different spatial scales. A total of 6 years of collocated ground-based PM10 and satellite-based (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM) radar data, along with ERA-Interim reanalysis, are used in this study to investigate the aerosol effects on three localized rain regimes (shallow, stratiform, and convective rain) over the Pearl River Delta region of China. A subjective analysis method is proposed to discriminate between the localized and synoptic-scale precipitations based on weather composite charts where daily averaged wind field at 850 hPa is overlaid with the geopotential height at 500 hPa. In general, average rain rate tends to be greater under polluted conditions than under clean conditions. But such potential aerosol effects are regime dependent: as the atmosphere becomes slightly polluted (PM10≤38 µg m−3), the top 1 % radar reflectivity (Z) for all regimes initially increases, followed by continued increases and weak decreases for convective and stratiform/shallow rain regimes, respectively. As the atmosphere becomes much more polluted, such regime dependences of aerosol effects are more significant. From a perspective of the vertical Z structure, comparisons between polluted conditions (days with the highest third of PM10 concentration) and clean conditions (days with the lowest third of PM10 concentration) show that the convective rain regime exhibits a deeper and stronger Z pattern, whereas a much shallower and weaker Z pattern is observed for stratiform and shallow precipitation regimes. In particular, the top height of the 30 dBZ rain echo increases by ∼29 % (∼1.27 km) for the convective regime, but decreases by ∼10.8 % (∼0.47 km) for the stratiform regime. However, no noticeable changes are observed for the shallow precipitation regime. Impacts of meteorological factors are further studied on both rain top height (RTH) and the center of gravity of Z, including vertical velocity, vertical wind shear, convection available potential energy, and vertically integrated moisture flux divergence (MFD). The possible invigoration effect on convective precipitation seems dependent on wind shear, in good agreement with previous findings. Overall, the observed dependence of the precipitation vertical structure on ground-based PM10 supports the notion of aerosol invigoration or suppression effect on cold or warm rain and adds new insights into the nature of the complex interactions between aerosol and various localized precipitation regimes.
Chapter 8 : Primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Although non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a frequent cancer worldwide, primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare presentation, with an incidence of less than 0.5 per 100,000 persons-years in the western world. In the vast majority of cases, it has the histology of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and is a hardly curable disease with high relapse risk. Therapeutic options are limited by blood-brain barrier penetration of drugs and because of its low-incidence high-grade evidence from large studies is lacking, current management being based on reports on rather small cohorts. The current standard first-line treatment for PCNSL consists of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) in combination with a variety of drugs and consolidation whole-brain radiotherapy, the latter being progressively replaced by chemotherapy. For patients relapsing after first-line treatment, intensive chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support is a feasible and relatively safe salvage therapy. In the present chapter, we briefly discuss primary central nervous system lymphoma management and review current therapeutic options and evidence-based recommendations. We discuss the role of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and new prospects to avoid this side effect-ridden approach. Also, we will look at new therapeutic approaches currently under investigation, including immunotherapy.
A Study on Assessment of Adverse Drug Reactions in Patients with Tuberculosis in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

© 2018 Javedh Shareef et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License -NonCommercialShareAlikeUnported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/). *Corresponding Author Javedh Shareef, Department of Pharmacy Practice, N G S M Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paneer, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. E-mail: javedh.shareef @ gmail.com A Study on Assessment of Adverse Drug Reactions in Patients with Tuberculosis in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
How can an ISP merge with a CDN?

As delivering contents has become the dominant usage of Internet, the efficient content distribution is being one of the hottest research areas in network community. In future network, it is anticipated that network entities such as routers will be equipped with in-network storage due to the trend of ever-decreasing storage cost. In this paper, we propose a novel content delivery architecture called Internet Service Provider (ISP) centric Content Delivery (iCODE) by which an ISP can provide content delivery services as well. iCODE can provide efficient content delivery services since an ISP can cache the contents in routers with storage modules considering traffic engineering and the locality of the content requests. Compared with CDN and P2P systems, iCODE can offer reduced delivery latency by placing the contents closer to end hosts, and incentives to ISPs by reducing inter-ISP traffic and allowing traffic engineering. We also discuss the technical and business issues to realize the iCODE architecture.
Novel Regulatory Mechanism of Canonical Wnt Signaling by Dopamine D2 Receptor through Direct Interaction with β-Catenin

Classical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and canonical Wnt pathways were believed to use distinct signaling pathways. However, recent studies have shown that these two pathways interact each other by sharing several intermediate signaling components. Recent in vivo studies showed that antipsychotic drugs, which block dopamine D2-like receptors, increase the cellular levels of downstream signaling components of canonical Wnt pathways, such as dishevelled (Dvl), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and β-catenin. These results suggest that some functional interactions might exist between Wnt pathway and D2-like receptors. In this study, we show that among five different dopamine receptor subtypes, D2 receptor (D2R) selectively inhibited the Wnt signaling, which was measured by lymphoid enhancing factor-1 (LEF-1)-dependent transcriptional activities. D2R-mediated inhibition of Wnt signaling was agonist- and G protein-independent and did not require receptor phosphorylation or endocytosis. D2R inhibited the LEF-1-dependent transcriptional activities, and this inhibitory activity was not affected by the inhibition of GSK-3β, suggesting that D2R inhibited the Wnt signaling by acting on the downstream of GSK3β. D2R directly interacted with β-catenin through the second and third loops, leading to a reduction of β-catenin distribution in the nucleus, resulting in an inhibition of LEF-1-dependent transcription. This is a novel mechanism for the regulation of canonical Wnt signaling by GPCRs, in which receptor proteins recruit β-catenin from cytosol to the plasma membrane, resulting in the decrement of the β-catenin/LEF-1-dependent transcription in the nucleus.
From catastrophe to complexity: a novel model of integrative central neural regulation of effort and fatigue during exercise in humans: summary and conclusions

It is hypothesised that physical activity is controlled by a central governor in the brain and that the human body functions as a complex system during exercise. Using feed forward control in response to afferent feedback from different physiological systems, the extent of skeletal muscle recruitment is controlled as part of a continuously altering pacing strategy, with the sensation of fatigue being the conscious interpretation of these homoeostatic, central governor control mechanisms.
Mining for misconfigured machines in grid systems

Grid systems are proving increasingly useful for managing the batch computing jobs of organizations. One well-known example is Intel, whose internally developed NetBatch system manages tens of thousands of machines. The size, heterogeneity, and complexity of grid systems make them very difficult, however, to configure. This often results in misconfigured machines, which may adversely affect the entire system.We investigate a distributed data mining approach for detection of misconfigured machines. Our Grid Monitoring System (GMS) non-intrusively collects data from all sources (log files, system services, etc.) available throughout the grid system. It converts raw data to semantically meaningful data and stores this data on the machine it was obtained from, limiting incurred overhead and allowing scalability. Afterwards, when analysis is requested, a distributed outliers detection algorithm is employed to identify misconfigured machines. The algorithm itself is implemented as a recursive workflow of grid jobs. It is especially suited to grid systems, in which the machines might be unavailable most of the time and often fail altogether.
Evaluation of risk prediction updates from commercial genome-wide scans

Purpose: Commercial internet-based companies offer genome-wide scans to predict the risk of common diseases and personalize nutrition and lifestyle recommendations. These risk estimates are updated with every new gene discovery.Methods: To assess the benefits of updating risk information in commercial genome-wide scans, we compared type 2 diabetes risk predictions based on TCF7L2 alone, 18 polymorphisms alone, and 18 polymorphisms plus age, sex, and body mass index. Analyses were performed using data from the Rotterdam study, a prospective, population-based study among individuals aged 55 years and older. Data were available from 5297 participants.Results: The actual prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the study population was 20%. Predicted risks were below average for carriers of the TCF7L2 CC genotype (predicted risk 17.6%) and above average for the CT and TT genotypes (20.8% and 28.0%). Adding the other 17 polymorphisms caused 34% of participants to be reclassified (i.e., switched between below and above average): 24% of the CC carriers changed to increased risk, 52% and 6% of the CT and TT carriers changed to decreased risk. Including information on age, sex, and body mass index caused 29% to change categories (27%, 31%, and 19% for CC, CT, and TT carriers, respectively). In total, 39% of participants changed categories once when risk factors were updated, and 11% changed twice, i.e., back to their initial risk category.Conclusion: Updating risk factors may produce contradictory information about an individual's risk status over time, which is undesirable if lifestyle and nutritional recommendations vary accordingly.
Cognitive Lifetime Drinking History in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Some Cases May Be Alcohol Related

OBJECTIVES:We aimed to determine the prevalence of significant alcohol intake in previously diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) patients.METHODS:We measured current and total lifetime alcohol intake (TLAI) in biopsy-proven NAFL patients using the cognitive lifetime drinking history (CLDH), a computerized questionnaire. One nurse administered the CLDH without physician presence. Physicians took alcohol histories prior to any knowledge of this study. Advanced and nonadvanced fibrosis patients were tested. A single pathologist (ST) scored all biopsies (inflammation 0–6; fibrosis 0–4). RESULTS:Twenty-three patients (11 men) were studied. Thirteen had bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. [mean age: 52.3 yr (range 28–69); mean body mass index (BMI): 37 kg/m2 (range 27–48.6)]. All but three had hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and/or hypertension. Mean TLAI was 60.2 kg (range 0.17–471.7), but three patients were above 100 kg (threshold for cirrhosis risk) at 305.5, 336.7, and 471.7. These three had inflammation/fibrosis scores of 3/3, 3/0, and 5/2, respectively. Those with >100 kg tended to have higher serum AST and inflammation score. Prior physician-obtained alcohol history determined ≤20 g/day for all patients and did not mention TLAI in any. CLDH confirmed ≤20 g/day current alcohol intake in 21 of 23 patients, but intakes were 30.2 g/day and 41.2 g/day in two.CONCLUSIONS:Some NAFL patients may have alcohol fatty liver disease instead. Routine physician interviews obtain less accurate alcohol histories compared to CLDH. The clinical significance of past alcohol intake and methods of measuring alcohol ingestion in fatty liver patients deserves further investigation.