Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analysis of Supplemental Educational Services in Ohio: Implications for the Reauthorization of ESEA.

The Supplemental Educational Services (SES) policy, under No Child Left Behind, requires underperforming Title I schools to offer academic tutoring to eligible students. A meta-analysis of findings from 44 external evaluations of district operated SES programs in Ohio showed that scores increased on the academic performance of at-risk students. When compared with an average annual gain in effect size from nationally normed tests, SES participants fell 0.69 standard deviations below. The subgroup analysis demonstrated greater effects in students who received services in reading and students in elementary and middle schools.
Institutions and criminality: evidence from São Paulo State

The institutional quality of a region has been pointed as one of the main determinants of its economic development in the recent literature. One potential channel relating these two variables is the criminality level because good institutions foster legal productive activities and increase the costs of illegal ones, which is central to investment decisions. Due to the lack of studies relating both variables with Brazilian dataset, the purpose of this study is to measure the effects of one aspect of institutions – its enforcement – on the criminality level of the municipalities of São Paulo State. Since criminality level is relatively high in São Paulo State in relation to other regions with similar level of economic development, it is important to understand its causes. The Instrumental Variable (IV) method has been used to estimate the relationship between institutional quality and the level of criminality to deal with the reverse causality problem. It is necessary to consider the causality problem because the level of criminality may affect income per capita, and the latter has a potential to influence institutional quality. Additionally, we have considered the spatial effects on the estimations since it is unlikely that criminality and other variables among the municipalities are spatially independent. The results of the present paper indicate that institutional quality is an important determinant of robbery rate in the municipalities of São Paulo State, even when taken into consideration the influence of many other variables that can affect it, as schooling, income inequality, poverty and criminality inertia.
Effect of Different Levels of Dried Sugar Cane Tops Inclusion on the Performance of Washera Sheep Fed Basal Diet of Grass Hay, Ethiopia

Background: Ruminants feed largely on crop resides as their basal diet. Despite their vast use as a livestock feed, crop residues are naturally of low quality and do not fulfill the nutrient requirement of animals. Thus, the deficit in the basal feed of quantity can be covered with sugar cane tops that are potential feed for better performance of animals. This study aimed with to evaluate the effect of different level of Dried Sugar Can tops inclusion on carcass characteristics and Economic Feasibility of Washera sheep fed a basal diet of grass hay. Methodology: A study was conducted at Bure Agricultural Technical Vocational Educational Training (ATVET) College using twenty yearling Washera sheep with initial body weight (BW) of 18.15 ± 1.85 (mean ± SD). The experimental design was randomized complete block design, and sheep were blocked into five blocks of four animals based on their initial BW and randomly assigned to one of the treatments within a block. Treatments were hay ad libitum+100 g/head/d CM for T1 and an additional 120 g, 240 g and 360 g SCT per head/day on dry matter basis for T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The experiment consisted 90 days of Growth trials followed by evaluation of carcass components at the end. Result: Average Daily Gain (ADG) was 21, 46, 56 and 75 g/d for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively and was highest for T4 and lowest for T1. Hot carcass weight (HCW) was 6.4, 8.2, 8.7 and 9.1 kg for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively and was greater for T4 but similar among the other three treatments. Dressing percentage on slaughter or empty body weight basis also took a similar trend like that of HCW. Net return was 63.01, 105.7, and 204.73 Birr for T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Conclusion: The supplementation has positive impact on the growth and carcass characteristic. Therefore, it was concluded that sugar cane tops could be used as part of a diet for sheep to improve animal performance where it is available.
Standard model with four generations: Selected implications for rare B and K decays

We extend our recent work and study implications of the standard model with four generations (SM4) for rare B and K decays. We again take seriously the several 2-3{sigma} anomalies seen in B, B{sub s} decays and interpret them in the context of this simple extension of the SM. SM4 is also of course of considerable interest for its potential relevance to dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking and to baryogenesis. Using experimental information from processes such as B{yields}X{sub s}{gamma}, B{sub d} and B{sub s} mixings, indirect CP-violation from K{sub L}{yields}{pi}{pi} etc. along with oblique corrections, we constrain the relevant parameter space of the SM4, and find m{sub t}{sup '} of about 400-600 GeV with a mixing angle |V{sub t}{sup '}{sub b}{sup *}V{sub t}{sup '}{sub s}| in the range of about 0.05-1.4x10{sup -2} and with an appreciable CP-odd associated phase, are favored by the current data. Given the unique role of the CP asymmetry in B{sub s}{yields}{psi}{phi} due to its gold-plated nature, correlation of that with many other interesting observables, including the semileptonic asymmetry (A{sub SL}) are studied in SM4. We also identify several processes, such as B{yields}X{sub s{nu}{nu}}, K{sub L{yields}{pi}}{sup 0{nu}{nu}} etc., that are significantly different in SM4 from the SM.more » Experimentally the very distinctive process B{sub s}{yields}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} is also discussed; the branching ratio can be larger or smaller than in SM, (3.2{yields}4.2)x10{sup -9}, by a factor of O(3). « less
Fiscal Illusions in Local Self-government Finance. Complementarity of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

This paper presents the conclusions from the qualitative and quantitative parts of the project, the aim of which was to investigate the consequences of the current system of financing local self-government in Poland in the context of a broader phenomenon, the so-called “fiscal illusion”. The first part of the research (qualitative) was based on in-depth interviews with 10 councilors of the Municipal Council of Lodz (Łódź); the second part was based on an improved questionnaire and closed-ended questions (quantitative). The questionnaire was sent by email to the councilors of seven largest cities, in terms of population, in Poland. The main results reveal little importance of local taxes and local fiscal autonomy in the eyes of the members of the council. The largest group of respondents (86%) pointed to higher shares in PIT (Personal Income Tax) and CIT (Corporate Income Tax) and higher subsidy and grants from the central budget (68%) as the most desirable method of raising revenues for the municipal budget. The 71% of the respondents were against increasing local taxation. This paper summarizes the results from the whole research project and refers to the hypotheses. The synthetic findings fully confirmed the main research hypothesis, which stated that the system of financing local government in Poland, which was based on revenues from transfers, led to the origin and perpetuation of fiscal illusion.
A Marine Radar Dataset for Multiple Extended Target Tracking

The marine radar remains one of the most extensively used sensor for maritime surveillance. Owing to improved technologies, it can nowadays be exploited to gain information about the extents of targets, since multiple measurements can be obtained from a single target. This paper introduces an open multitarget marine radarbased dataset subjected to a linear-time joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) filter for tracking extended targets using ellipsoidal approximations. A tailored version of the Multiplicative Error Model-Extended Kalman Filter* (MEM-EKF*) algorithm is used for estimating the orientations and kinematic properties of multiple targets recursively. Using the automatic identification system (AIS) information as ground truth, the positional errors are evaluated using the optimal sub pattern assignment (OSPA) metric and the performance of the algorithm for orientation estimation is rationally discussed with respect to the ground truth and dataset scenario. The dataset proposed is intended for comparing different algorithms for the purpose of multiple extended target tracking (METT).
Modeling A Micro-Nexus of Water and Energy for Smart Villages/Cities/Buildings

This paper introduces a micro-nexus of water and energy which can be considered as one of the physical infrastructures of the future building/city/village systems. For the electricity side, an alternating current (AC) power flow model integrated with battery energy storage and renewable generation is adopted. The nonlinear hydraulic characteristics in pipe networks is also considered in the proposed micro water-energy nexus (WEN) model. Integer variables are involved to represent the on/off state of pumps. Base on the proposed nexus model, a co-optimization framework of water and energy networks is developed. The overall co-optimization model is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem which is tested on a waterenergy nexus which consists of the IEEE 13-bus distribution system and a 8-node water distribution network. The simulation results demonstrate that the cost-efficiency of the co-optimization framework is higher than optimizing two systems independently.
CFD Application for Gas Turbine Combustion Simulations

The current chapter presents the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for simulating the combustion process taking place in gas turbines. The chapter is based on examples and results from a series of applications developed as part of the research performed by the authors in national and European projects. There are envisaged topics like flame stability, pollutant emission prediction, and alternative fuels in the context of aviation and industrial gas turbines, growing demands for lower fuel consumption, lower emissions, and overall sustainability of such energetic machines. Details on the available numerical models and computational tools are given along with the expectation for further developing CFD techniques in the field. The chapter includes also some comparison between theoretical, numerical, and experimental results.
Bungkil Inti Sawit Terproteksi Molases sebagai Sumber Protein pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah Jantan Muda

SUPRIYATI and B. HARYANTO. 2011. Molasses protected palm kernel cake as source of protein for young male Ettawah Grade goats. JITV 16(1): 17-24. Palm kernel cake has a relatively high protein content, however its degradability in the rumen is high resulting in loosing its function as protein source for ruminant. This experiment was aimed toinvestigate the effect of feeding molasses protected palm kernel cake (BIS-M) on growth of young male Ettawah Grade (Peranakan Etawah = PE) goat. Twenty four (24) PE goats were divided into 4 groups and allocated to respective feeding BIS-M treatments. The treatments were R0 = control (without BIS-M), R1 = 15% BIS-M, R2 = 30% BIS-M and R3 = 45% BIS-M. The concentrate was fed at 400 gh -1 d -1 for each individual in all treatment groups, while napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was offered ad libitum. The live weight of the goats were between 17-18 kg at the beginning of experiment. Feeding trial was carried out for 14 weeks consisting of 2 weeks for preliminary and 12 weeks for growth performance period. The digestibility study of the nutrient was carried out during the last 7 days of the experiment. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 6 replications. Drinking water was available at any time. Feed intake was recorded daily while the body weight was recorded every 2 weeks. The parameters of observation were feed intake, live weight gain, nutrient digestibility and feed conversion ratio. The results indicated that the dietary treatments affected the intake and digestibility of nutrients, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). The total feed dry matter intakes were 599,30; 620,74; 690,19 and 740,04 gh -1 d -1 with DM and Protein digestibility of 64.74 and 75.99; 67.47 and 73.05; 70.06 and 73.02; and 72.88 and 72.25% respectively for R0, R1, R2 and R3. The ADG were 42.06; 52.78; 61.90 and 70.24 g; with feed conversion ratio of 14.68; 10.51; 9.08; and 9.85 for R0, R1, R2 and R3. It was concluded that BISM can be used as source of protein with optimal utilization level at 30% of the concentrate.
Corporate Social Disclosures in Some Arab Countries: A Comparison Among Jordan, Bahrain and Kuwait

The objective of this study is to examine the extent of corporate social disclosures in some Arab countries, and try to relate the existing level of Total Corporate Social Disclosures (TCSD) to corporate specific characteristics and government influence. The sample of the study consists of 19 Kuwaiti companies, 17 Bahraini companies and 39 Jordanian companies for the year 2001. The ANOVA multiple comparison tests’ results revealed that the only significant differences among countries are in quantitative and monetary forms, as well as, in human resource field of TCSD. These significant differences were between Bahraini and Jordanian companies on one hand, and between Kuwaiti and Jordanian companies on the other hand, but not between companies of the two gulf states. The multiple regression results lead to two possible conclusions about corporate behavior towards its social responsibility. First, corporate size and net profit are consistent predictors of TCSD while corporate age, auditor type and industry type are not. Second, government influence in the form of legislated disclosure requirements is more effective than direct stock ownership in convincing companies to act responsibly and disclose more social information about their activities.
Predicting Misuse and Disuse of Combat Identification Systems

Two combat identification systems have been designed to reduce fratricide by providing soldiers with the ability to “interrogate” a potential target by sending a microwave or laser signal that, if returned, identifies the target as a “friend. ” Ideally, gunners will appropriately rely on these automated aids, which will reduce fratricide rates. However, past research has found that human operators underutilize (disuse) and overly rely on (misuse) automated systems (cf. Parasuraman & Riley, 1997). The purpose of this laboratory study was to simultaneously examine misuse and disuse of an automated decision-making aid at varying levels of reliability. With or without the aid of an automated system that is correct about 90%, 75%, or 60% of the time, 91 college students viewed 226 slides of Fort Sill terrain and indicated the presence or absence of camouflaged soldiers. Regardless of the reliability of the automated aid, misuse was more prevalent than disuse, F(1, 65) = 31.43, p < . 01; p = . 27 for misuse, p = . 13 for disuse. Results are interpreted within a general framework of automation use (Dzindolet, Beck, Pierce, & Dawe, 2001).
Changes in olfactory event-related potentials and behavioral measures associated with the Apolipoprotein ε4 allele a comparison of young, middle age, and older individuals

OF THE THESIS Changes in Olfactory Event-Related Potentials and Behavioral Measures Associated with the Apolipoprotein e4 Allele: A Comparison of Young, Middle Age, and Older Individuals by Krystin M. Corby Master of Arts in Psychology San Diego State University, 2010 The sense of olfaction declines with age and negatively impacts the lives of individuals. This decline can be seen in measurements of threshold, identification, and memory. Olfactory deficits beyond that of normal aging are present in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The earliest stages of neurodegeneration occur in olfactory processing areas of the brain. The Apolipoprotein (ApoE) e4 allele is a genetic risk factor for AD, and is associated with olfactory deficits. Presence of the allele is also associated with a more profound decrease in olfaction with age. This study examined differences in activation of olfactory and visual brain areas, reflected in event-related potential (ERPs) latencies and amplitudes, based on age group and ApoE e4 status. This measure was also compared to traditional olfactory behavioral tests. Latencies and amplitudes were compared across the N1, P2, N2, and P3 peaks to explore which peaks are most effective at differentiating among groups. Significant differences were found in olfactory ERPs based on age, ApoE e4 status, and their interaction. Visual ERPs were only significantly different by age. P3 was found to be the most effective peak to differentiate between ApoE e4 positives and negatives for the young and middle age groups, whereas N1 was the most effective peak for the older age group. Overall, the results suggest that olfactory ERPs may be able to detect more subtle differences due to aging and AD risk than traditional behavioral tests.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Ethiopian finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) genotypes using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

Eleusine coracana is an annual allotetraploid (2n=4x=36) that belongs to grass family, Poaceae. This research aimed to investigate level of genetic diversity of 80 accessions using ISSR markers. DNA was extracted from a bulk of three plants per accession using a modified CTAB method. Six ISSR primers amplified a total of 45 clear and reproducible bands. The total genetic diversity (H) and Shannon’s diversity information index (I) for the entire populations was 0.28 and 0.41, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance in both grouping and without grouping revealed larger genetic diversity within the populations (58.54%) than among populations (41.45%). Of the total genetic diversity, 5.88% was attributed to populations within groups, 38.33% was attributed to among groups and 55.79% was attributed to differences within populations. Both unweighted pair- group method with arithmetic average phenograms and a neighbor joining trees were constructed for the individuals and populations using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. Most individuals from all populations tended to form their own cluster, while only few of the individuals were distributed all over the tree. Generally, the result of the present study confirmed the presence of genetically diversified accessions that can be used to improve the productivity, collection, conservation and sustainable use. Key words: Eleusine coracana, gene flow, genetic diversity, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA).
Electrochemical Oxidation Mechanisms of the Antioxidants Daidzein and 7‐Hydroxy‐4‐chromone

The electrochemical behavior of antioxidants daidzein (DZ) and 7-hydroxy-4-chromone (7-OH-4-CHM) was investigated. The oxidation of DZ is irreversible, pH-dependent, and occurs in two steps, the first of 4’-OH on the B-ring and the second on the 7-OH on the A-ring. The oxidation of 7-OH-4-CHM occurs on the 7-OH on the A-ring, is irreversible, pH-dependent and proceeds in a single step. The DZ diffusion coefficient was calculated in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer to be DDZ = 8.1 � 10 � 5 cm 2 s � 1 . The detection limits of DZ and 7-OH-4-CHM was calculated as LODDZ = 0.08 mM and LOD7-OH-4-CHM = 0.13 mM.
Elemental and isotopic characterization of dissolved and particulate organic matter in a unique California upwelling system: Importance of size and composition in the export of labile material

We report the interseasonal variation in bulk elemental and stable isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) composition of dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM, POM) during a high‐resolution time series (2007–2009) on the Big Sur coast. In addition to interseasonal variations, we explore the relationships between physical size and reactivity (i.e., composition) of exportable organic matter (OM) pools, and characterize the elemental and isotopic composition of size‐fractionated POM and DOM pools within this potentially high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll (HNLC) California upwelling region. Average POM concentrations were low (< 5.2 µmol C L−1 and < 0.7 µmol N L−1), and all OM pools had low C : N ratios (DOM average = 15.0 and POM < 7.8)—indicating that this upwelling center may represent an important source of N‐rich material to offshore environments. Seasonal “excess” dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production was significant (~ 30–80 µmol L−1 DOC); however, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) production and cycling was largely decoupled from both DOC and physical processes. Overall, our results are consistent with this region representing an “HNLC upwelling system. ” The distinct bulk elemental and isotopic OM composition and seasonality vs. that of high‐productivity upwelling regions highlights the need to better understand the biogeochemical diversity of upwelling systems. Finally, we observed a quantifiable size–composition relationship across both POM and DOM size classes, perhaps representing a powerful new tool for modeling N vs. C fluxes in ocean biogeochemical cycles.
Real estate market, credit and Real Business Cycles: evidences from a DSGE model for the US economy

This paper aims to investigate the effect of real estate and credit markets on the Real Business Cycle. Specifically, we test the inclusion of housing rent for the analysis of some economic policies, for example, a change in the amount of loans granted in relation to collateral, given by Loan-to-value (LTV) parameter. In order to respond to this goal, Dynamic and Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models with characteristics of the US economy are used. As a result, it can be seen that the addition of rents highlights the effects of some shocks on economic variables, such as consumption and aggregate output. This fact is due to the introduction of the possibility of deciding between the purchase or rental of real estate and its consequences for economy. Another important finding was that the bankers’ willingness to lend becomes the second most relevant factor for the performance of the economy in the short and medium term, second only to Total Factor Productivity. Key-words: Real estate market; Rents; Real Business Cycle; DSGE. JEL Classification: E20, E32, E37.
Managerial Entrenchment, Banker Distribution, and Corporate Governance: Evidence from Japan

This paper investigates whether managerial entrenchment of controlling shareholders affects the distribution of bankers to the boards of Japanese manufacturing firms. Bankers are not likely to be appointed to firms with large corporate shareholders as controlling shareholders because large corporate shareholders have incentives to entrench managers. Moreover, in the aftermath of executive appointments of banks and large corporate shareholders, restructuring and improved performances of the appointing firms are facilitated. The results suggest that managerial entrenchment of large corporate shareholders generates the substitution of role of corporate governance between banks and large corporate shareholders.