Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Long-term Application of Chemical Fertilizer on the Quality of Summer Maize

The study on the effect of fertilization on the quality of maize grain was conducted based on continue application of fertilizer for 26 and 36 years in gleyic cambisols. The amounts of protein, starch, fat and amino acid were determined and the amino acid was analyzed by cluster analysis. The results showed: Long-term fertilization 26 years showed that N2K and N2P processing protein content as high as 9.01, 9.01%, lowest comparing CK treatment is 5.52%; all fertilizer treatments reduced the summer maize starch content, including N2PK deal with relatively high starch content is 57.55%; N2K processing crude fat content as high as 5.95%; N2P processing total amino acids and essential amino acid content is the highest, 8.13 and 3.22%, respectively. Long-term fertilization 36 years (2013) summer maize grain each nutrition indicators in line with 26 years change rule.
Determinants of entrepreneurial propensity of Nigerian undergraduates: an empirical assessment

The specific factors that influence the entrepreneurial inclination of students were studied with a view to designing appropriate policies on entrepreneurship within tertiary institutions. The sample for the study consisted of 7,560 students from a total of 25 tertiary institutions with 83% response rate. While we found that entrepreneurial interest among Nigerian students is quite high, the expression of this interest in practice is rather low. The main factors found to significantly explain entrepreneurial interest are parents‟ educational qualifications, family entrepreneurial history, family socio-demographics, students‟ entrepreneurial experience, and students‟ socio-demographics. Of the fourteen variables identified as being central in encouraging students‟ entrepreneurial interests, only five can be defined as necessary, though but not sufficient, conditions to stimulate interest: gender, number of children by father, position among mother's children, father's monthly income and entrepreneurial education. This has policy implications both for government and the institutions. The study is the first of its magnitude in Nigeria and provides baseline information for researchers and policy makers who need to better understand the dynamics of entrepreneurship among Nigerian youth.
``Quill'' writing with ultrashort light pulses in transparent materials

A remarkable phenomenon in ultrafast laser processing of transparent materials, in particular, silica glass, manifested as a change in material modification by reversing the writing direction is observed. The effect resembles writing with a quill pen and is interpreted in terms of anisotropic trapping of electron plasma by a tilted front of the ultrashort laser pulse along the writing direction.
$\alpha$-Time Fractional Brownian Motion: PDE Connections and Local Times

For $0<\alpha \leq 2$ and $0<H<1$, an $\alpha$-time fractional Brownian motion is an iterated process $Z = \{Z(t)=W(Y(t)), t \ge 0\}$ obtained by taking a fractional Brownian motion $\{W(t), t\in \RR{R} \}$ with Hurst index $0<H<1$ and replacing the time parameter with a strictly $\alpha$-stable L\'evy process $\{Y(t), t\geq 0 \}$ in $\RR{R}$ independent of $\{W(t), t \in \R\}$. It is shown that such processes have natural connections to partial differential equations and, when $Y$ is a stable subordinator, can arise as scaling limit of randomly indexed random walks. The existence, joint continuity and sharp H\"older conditions in the set variable of the local times of a $d$-dimensional $\alpha$-time fractional Brownian motion $X = \{X(t), t \in \R_+$\} defined by $ X(t)=\big(X_{1}(t),. , X_{d}(t) \big), $ where $t\geq 0$ and $X_{1},. , X_{d}$ are independent copies of $Z$, are investigated. Our methods rely on the strong local ' nondeterminism of fractional Brownian motion.
An Analysis of Technology Acceptance Model, Learning Management System Attributes, E-satisfaction, and E-Retention

This paper discusses on an analysis of Technology Acceptance Model of Learning Management System for an ODL university in Malaysia towards the e-satisfaction and e-retention of the students. The factors being used to measure the satisfaction and retention of students are perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, enjoyment, design features, security and privacy, and internet connection. The result of the study indicated that for the LMS factors, the Internet connection and security and privacy have a significance positive influence on e-satisfaction. Although the design feature of LMS was demonstrated to have little influence on e-satisfaction, this factor may have influence on specific type of e-learning system. In contrast, only Internet connection has a significance positive influence on e-retention, while the design features and the security and privacy are shown to have less influence on e-retention.
Nonlinear evolution of torsional Alfvén waves

Aims. We study the efficiency of the energy transfer to shorter scales in the field-aligned direction – the parallel nonlinear cascade – that accompanies the propagation of torsional Alfven waves along open magnetic fields in the solar and stellar coronae, and compare it with the same effects for the shear Alfven wave. The evolution of the torsional Alfven wave is caused by the back reaction of nonlinearly induced compressive perturbations on the Alfven wave. Methods. The evolution of upwardly propagating torsional Alfven waves is considered in terms of the second-order thin flux-tube approximation in a straight untwisted and non-rotating magnetic flux-tube. The Cohen-Kulsrud equation for weakly nonlinear torsional waves is derived. In the model, the effect of the cubic nonlinearity on the propagation of long-wavelength axisymmetric torsional waves is compared with the similar effect that accompanies the propagation of plane linearly-polarised (shear) Alfven waves of small amplitude. Results. The solution to the Cohen-Kulsrud type equation for torsional waves shows that their evolution is independent of the plasma-β, which is in contrast to the shear Alfven wave. In a finite-β plasma, the nonlinear evolution of torsional Alfven waves is slower and the parallel nonlinear cascade is less efficient than those of shear Alfven waves. These results have important implications for the analysis of possible heating of the plasma and its acceleration in the upper layers of solar and stellar coronae. In particular, one-dimensional models of coronal heating and wave acceleration, which use shear Alfven waves instead of torsional Alfven waves, over-estimate the efficiency of these processes
Effectiveness of Attention Rehabilitation on Decreasing Selective Attention Deficits in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. Department of Neurology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 5. Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Uncovering contextual biases in human decision-making. A multivariate analysis approach for patterns of functional magnetic resonance imaging data and event-related potentials

Decision-making is a fundamental aspect of human cognition and behaviour. Every day, we make a multitude of decisions, ranging from rather simple perceptual choices to complex financial decisions. The underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms appear to directly deploy external information, gathered by our senses, as well as internal information, such as preferences and beliefs. Ideally, this results in well-informed decisions and successful goal-directed behaviour. In reality, however, we are often faced with decision situations in which we do not have clear preferences, or access to all information. In these situations, contextual factors appear to have a strong influence on decision-makers. This work highlights recent research supporting the hypothesis that contextual information can exert significant biases on a variety of decision processes outside decision-makers’ awareness. These studies further exemplify a content-based cognitive neuroscience approach to human decision-making research, building on multivariate analysis techniques for brain imaging data to directly predict the content of decision outcomes and other decision-related variables from brain activity.
Simulating actuator energy consumption for trajectory optimisation

This work aims to construct a high-speed simulation tool which is used to quantify the dynamic actuator power consumption of an aircraft in flight, for use within trajectory optimisation packages. The purpose is to evaluate the energy penalties of the flight control actuation system as an aircraft manoeuvre along any arbitrary trajectory. The advantage is that the approximations include major transient properties which previous steady state techniques could not capture. The output can be used to provide feedback to a trajectory optimisation process to help it compute the aircraft level optimality of any given flight path. The tool features a six degree of freedom dynamic model of an aircraft which is combined with low frequency functional electro-mechanical actuator models in order to estimate the major transient power demands. The actuator models interact with the aircraft using an aerodynamic load estimator which generates load forces on the actuators that vary as a function of flight condition and control surface demands. A total energy control system is applied for longitudinal control and a total heading control system is implemented to manage the lateral motion. The outer loop is closed using a simple waypoint following guidance system with turn anticipation and variable turn radius control. To test the model, a simple trajectory analysis is undertaken which quantifies a heading change executed with four different turn rates. The tool shows that the actuation system requires 12.8 times more electrical energy when performing a 90° turn with a radius of 400 m compared to 1000 m. A second test is performed to verify the model’s ability to track a longer trajectory under windy conditions.
Enumeration and Identification of Main Fungal Isolates and Evaluation of Fermentation's Degree of Ivorian Raw Cocoa Beans

In Cote d'Ivoire cocoa production was dominated by smallholders and since the liberalization of the cocoa producing chain in 1999 Ivorian raw cocoa bean quality did not cease to lower and the causes are unspecified. The quality of raw cocoa beans is widely dependent on processing technologies for preventing the formation of unfermented or partly fermented beans and the development of fungi during storage. The target of this work was to evaluate the fermentation's degree of Ivorian raw cocoa and to compare the level of mould contamination and current fungal profiles of raw cocoa collected from three producing regions. A total of 90 raw cocoa beans samples was purchased and was analysed for the fermentation degree, enumeration and identification of fungi isolated. Moisture content and percentages of mouldy beans reached maximum values in black and clustered beans samples. Differences in each mould counts of cocoa beans in accordance with their physical appearance have been detected between cocoa producing areas selected. Black beans and clustered samples were infested by most fungi belonging to Aspergillus genus. Samples of both beans have been considered as poorer quality raw cocoa than brown beans samples. Six species of moulds belonging to four genera were isolated from all cocoa samples tested i.e. Absidia corymbifera, Rhizopus oryzea, Aspergillus tubingensis, A. tamarii, A. llavus, Penicillium chrysogenum. Early all species of fungi recovered in the present work can be considered as storage fungi. All cocoa samples collected from Alepe were contaminated by all identified fungal isolates. Fungal species belonging to Aspergillus genus were recorded in more of cocoa samples from Alepe than Soubre and Duekoue demonstrating that raw cocoa was poorly stored at Alepe.
Warrior Dreams: The Martial Arts and the American Imagination

Acknowledgements Preface Introduction Warrior Dreams Form and Function: Martial Systems in Cross-Cultural Perspective The Asian Martial Arts: Just So and Just-So Stories Martial Skills, Marginality and Moral Force: Mythic Dimensions in the Image of the American Warrior Tradition, Adaptation, and Elaboration: The American Dojo Mystery and Mastery: The Added Dimension in the Martial Arts The Search for a Center Wave People Glossary Bibliography Index
The Relationship between Accounting Numbers and Returns in the Baltic Stock Markets

This paper analyses the relationship between accounting data and market price returns in the stock markets of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Given the different informational environment and accounting practices from those of developed markets, and relatively thinly traded Baltic stocks, the paper aims to evaluate the relevance of accounting numbers for investors in their investment decisions. It investigates both the contemporaneous one-period return-earnings relation and leading period returns in regression model of the main and secondary list securities (totalling 99 companies) over a 5-year period (1995-2000). Leading period returns in regression model are used order to reduce downward bias in the earnings response coefficient when prices lead earnings, meaning that information reflected in the markets expectations and thus in prices is richer than that in the past series of earnings. Transitory earnings, the other common cause of low returns-earnings association, are analysed as well. I look at the effects of transitory earnings by accounting for the asymmetry in relation to losses and also for the non-linearity of the returns-earnings regression.
The Physicochemical and Microbiological Qualities of Pegagan Duck Meat Preserved with Different Concentrations of Liquid Smoke and Storage Period

The aim of this research was to investigate the quality of physicochemistry and microbiology of Pegagan duck meat preserved with various concentrations of liquid smoke and storage time. This study used a complete randomized design (CRD) with a 4x2 factorial pattern. The first factor was the concentration of liquid smoke solution consisted of 4 levels, namely 2; 4; 6, and 8% (v/v). The second factor was the storage time which includes 2 levels ie 12 and 24 hours. The replication used was 4 times. The observed variables were physical quality of meat (water holding capacity, cooking loss, and tenderness), chemical quality (moisture content, protein content, and fat content), and microbiological quality (total microbes, pH, acid total, and total phenol). The data were processed by analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that there was a significant interaction (P<0.05) between liquid smoke concentration and storage time to water holding capacity, cooking loss, tenderness, fat content, total phenol, total microbial, total acid, and pH in Pegagan duck meat but did not show a significant interaction with other variables. It could be concluded that the optimum liquid smoke concentration was 4% and the optimal storage time was 12 hours.
Influence of Non-genetic Factors Weight and Carcass Traits in Indigenous Matebele Goat

The objective of the present study was to establish the non-genetic factors which affect slaughter weight and carcass traits. A mixed classification model containing the effects of year of slaughter, age at slaughter, month of slaughter and sex was used for identification of non-genetic factors. The slaughter weight and carcass traits data were analyzed using the General Linear Models (GLM) procedure of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) (1996) to establish the significance of the non-genetic factors. The effects of year of slaughter had a significant influence on slaughter weight and all carcass traits analyzed in the present study. The year of slaughter also influenced the size of the prime cuts such as hind barrel and front barrel within the 1992 to 1999 period of study. The dressing percentage averaged 58.40 ± 2.76 kg which was slightly constant within different year of slaughter. Age at slaughter had a significant (p<0.01) difference on slaughter weight and most carcass traits with the exception of edible meat offals as a percentage of hot carcass mass. Sex significantly affects slaughter weight and most carcass traits except for edible meat offal as a percentage of hot carcass mass and empty gastro-intestinal tracts. There was variation in performance of slaughter weight and carcass traits due to year of slaughter, month of slaughter, age of slaughter and sex.
HOT AND COLD GALACTIC GAS IN THE NGC 2563 GALAXY GROUP

The role of environmentally induced gas stripping in driving galaxy evolution in groups remains poorly understood. Here we present extensive Chandra and Very Large Array mosaic observations of the hot and cold interstellar medium within the members of the nearby, X-ray bright NGC 2563 group, a prime target for studies of the role of gas stripping and interactions in relatively small host halos. Our observations cover nearly all group members within a projected radius of 1.15 Mpc (∼1.4 Rvir) of the group center, down to a limiting X-ray luminosity and H i mass of 3 × 1039 erg s−1 and 2 × 108 M☉, respectively. The X-ray data are consistent with efficient ram pressure stripping of the hot gas halos of early-type galaxies near the group core, but no X-ray tails are seen and the limited statistics preclude strong conclusions. The H i results suggest moderate H i mass loss from the group members when compared to similar field galaxies. Six of the 20 H i-detected group members show H i evidence of ongoing interactions with other galaxies or with the intragroup medium. Suggestive evidence is further seen for galaxies with close neighbors in position–velocity space to show relatively low H i content, consistent with tidal removal of H i. The results thus indicate removal of both hot and cold gas from the group members via a combination of ram pressure stripping and tidal interactions. We also find that 16 of the 20 H i detections occur on one side of the group, reflecting an unusual morphological segregation whose origin remains unclear.
Meat quality of the Longissimus muscle of bulls and steers (1/2 Nellore vs 1/2 Simmental) finished in feedlot.

The experiment was carried out to evaluate performance, carcass characteristics, chemical composition and fatty acid composition of bulls and steers (1/2 Nellore vs 1/2 Simmental) fi nished in feedlot. From 8 to 20 months the animals were raised conventionally. At 20 month of age 16 bulls were randomly selected of which 8 were surgically castrated. At 32 months of age the animals were transferred into a feedlot system with individual pens of 10 m2. Both groups of animals were slaughtered at 35 months of age. The bulls were heavier initially and displayed higher fi nal weight, higher average daily gain and hot carcass weight than steers, bulls also had higher moisture content, crude protein and cholesterol and lower total fat content than steers. The ratios of PUFA to SFA and of n-6 to n-3 in bulls were higher than in steers.
Slip correlations on a creeping fault

Using a quasi‐static three dimensional fault model which accounts for long range elastic interactions, we examine the influence of spatial heterogeneities of frictional strength on the slip distribution along a creeping fault. Slip fluctuates spatially because of pinning on local asperities. We show that three regimes of slip correlations exist. The first regime results in a uniform slip as in an homogeneous medium. On the contrary, slip in the second regime highly fluctuates and is controlled by heterogeneities of frictional strength. The third regime is intermediate and develops areas of high slip that are much bigger than the local asperity size (self‐affine properties of the slip distribution). This particular regime illustrates the possible misinterpretation of low frequency slip data (e.g. interferometric and GPS data) in terms of structural or compositional properties along the fault.
The Healthcare System in Saudi Arabia and its Challenges: The Case of Diabetes Care Pathway

The advances of Information Technology (IT) play an important role globally in improving quality and capacity of healthcare sector. IT helps the health professions in managing resources and increasing productivity effectively. Although the conversion from paper to electronic patient records (EPR) conveys many benefits for both caregivers and caretakers, but also has brought many challenges in different aspects. Hospitals have implemented EPR to different degrees. They have used a set of standards in order to insure that data is accurately and consistently processed. Even though, the standardization of how data are captured, exchanged and used includes a set of complications that should be discovered to provide better health data quality for patients with multiple healthcare providers. Therefore, through an analysis of the EPR systems utilization in Saudi Arabia and the diabetes care pathway, three factors have been determined. These factors affect the workflow of the implementation and utilization of health information system (HIS) in terms of capturing, sharing and using its data efficiently.
Hidden molecular outflow in the LIRG Zw 049.057

Context. Feedback in the form of mass outflows driven by star formation or active galactic nuclei is a key component of galaxy evolution. The luminous infrared galaxy Zw 049.057 harbours a compact obscured nucleus with a possible far-infrared signature of outflowing molecular gas. Due to the high optical depths at far-infrared wavelengths, however, the interpretation of the outflow signature is uncertain. At millimeter and radio wavelengths, the radiation is better able to penetrate the large columns of gas and dust responsible for the obscuration. Aims. We aim to investigate the molecular gas distribution and kinematics in the nucleus of Zw 049.057 in order to confirm and locate the molecular outflow, with the ultimate goal to understand how the nuclear activity affects the host galaxy. Methods. We used high angular resolution observations from the Submillimeter Array (SMA), the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to image the CO J = 2-1 and J = 6-5 emission, the 690 GHz continuum, the radio centimeter continuum, and absorptions by rotationally excited OH. Results. The CO line profiles exhibit wings extending ~ 300 km s -1 beyond the systemic velocity. At centimeter wavelengths, we find a compact (~ 40 pc) continuum component in the nucleus, with weaker emission extending several 100 pc approximately along the major and minor axes of the galaxy. In the OH absorption lines toward the compact continuum, wings extending to a similar velocity as for the CO are only seen on the blue side of the profile. The weak centimeter continuum emission along the minor axis is aligned with a highly collimated, jet-like dust feature previously seen in near-infrared images of the galaxy. Comparison of the apparent optical depths in the OH lines indicate that the excitation conditions in Zw 049.057 differ from those within other OH megamaser galaxies. Conclusions. We interpret the wings in the spectral lines as signatures of a nuclear molecular outflow. A relation between this outflow and the minor axis radio feature is possible, although further studies are required to investigate this possible association and understand the connection between the outflow and the nuclear activity. Finally, we suggest that the differing OH excitation conditions are further evidence that Zw 049.057 is in a transition phase between megamaser and kilomaser activity.