Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of rectal biopsy for the diagnosis of Kufs disease: a controlled study and review of the literature

Rectal biopsy is usually performed for in vivo diagnosis of Kufs disease (KD). We evaluated the usefulness of rectal biopsy in the diagnosis of such condition by comparing ultrastructural data of patients with suspicion of KD with those of control subjects. Furthermore, we reviewed literature data concerning the value of such a diagnostic procedure in the diagnosis of KD.
EFNS task force: the use of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of dementia

The European Federation of the Neurological Societies (EFNS) guidelines on the use of neuroimaging in the diagnosis and management of dementia are designed to revise and expand previous EFNS recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to provide an overview of the evidence for the use of neuroimaging techniques in non‐AD dementias, as well as general recommendations that apply to all types of dementia in clinical practice.
Risperidone Effects in Treatment-Resistant Adolescents: Preliminary Case Reports

ABSTRACT Many children and adolescents with a variety of chronic psychiatric disorders receive long-term therapy with antipsychotic medications. Clinical case reports are presented of seven such adolescents, aged 11–17 years, who were treated with risperidone. All but one patient had prior unsuccessful treatments with various psychotropic medications. The use of risperidone seemed effective in six of the seven adolescents in a dose range of 1–4 mg daily, with a significant therapeutic response appearing in 1 to 3 weeks. The length of risperidone treatment ranged from 3 to 15 months. Some sedation/drowsiness was observed in two patients at the maximum recommended adult dose (6 mg/day), but this was resolved by a reduction in the daily dosage. There were no other significant adverse effects, including extrapyramidal reactions. Two adolescents received concomitant medication, including d-amphetamine and clomipramine. Risperidone appeared to be effective in relieving a variety of symptoms across a range of di.
College students coping with interpersonal stress: Examining a control-based model of coping

ABSTRACT Objective: The ways that college students cope with stress, particularly interpersonal stress, may be a critical factor in determining which students are at risk for impairing mental health disorders. Using a control-based model of coping, the present study examined associations between interpersonal stress, coping strategies, and symptoms. Participants: A total of 135 undergraduate students from 2 universities. Methods: Interpersonal stress, coping strategies, depression, anxiety, and somatization were assessed via self-report. Results: Students reporting more interpersonal stress reported more depression, anxiety, and somatization, and they reported less use of engagement coping strategies and greater use of disengagement coping strategies. Engagement coping strategies accounted for a significant portion of the association between interpersonal stress and mental health symptoms. Unexpectedly, coping strategies did not moderate the association between stress and mental health symptoms. Conclusion: Interventions designed to improve students' coping strategies may be an effective way to reduce mental health problems on college campuses.
Promoting healthy transition to college through mindfulness training with first-year college students: Pilot randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Objective: Given the importance of developmental transitions on young adults' lives and the high rates of mental health issues among U.S. college students, first-year college students can be particularly vulnerable to stress and adversity. This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness and feasibility of mindfulness training aiming to promote first-year college students' health and wellbeing. Participants: 109 freshmen were recruited from residential halls (50% Caucasian, 66% female). Data collection was completed in November 2014. Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted utilizing the Learning to BREATHE (L2B) program, a universal mindfulness program adapted to match the developmental tasks of college transition. Results: Participation in the pilot intervention was associated with significant increase in students' life satisfaction, and significant decrease in depression and anxiety. Marginally significant decrease was found for sleep issues and alcohol consequences. Conclusions: Mindfulness-based programs may be an effective strategy to enhance a healthy transition into college.
University student perceptions about the motives for and consequences of nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD)

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of the current study was to increase qualitative understanding of student motives for and consequences associated with nonmedical use of prescription drugs. Participants: Sixty-one students participated in eight focus groups between April and November 2013. Methods: Students described prescription drugs commonly used for nonmedical reasons, as well as the motives for and consequences associated with their use. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Students reported stimulants as the most commonly used prescription drug for nonmedical reasons, least expensive, and easiest to obtain on campus, followed by benzodiazepines. Opioids were less commonly used, more expensive, and difficult to acquire. Motives and consequences varied by prescription drug class. Conclusions: Our qualitative findings extend previous research by suggesting differences in students' perceived motives for using and consequences associated with the different classes of prescription drugs. These findings provide implications for the development of preventive interventions.
Comparing measures of general and abdominal adiposity as predictors of blood pressure in college students

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare anthropometric measures of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) as predictors of blood pressure in college students. Participants: Students (N = 116) were recruited from November 2012 to May 2014 at an urban university and rural community colleges. Methods: Students underwent a brief physical examination during which anthropometric measures were obtained and blood pressure was measured. Covariates were measured using self-reported questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions were used for the data analysis. Results: All anthropometric measures were predictive of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). WC was the strongest predictor of SBP (β = .582, p < .01) explaining an additional 3–4% of the variance than BMI, WHtR, or SAD. The measures were similar in predicting DBP. WC predicted SBP independent of BMI. Conclusions: Clinicians should consider using WC to assess the risk for hypertension in college students.
A double‐blind and controlled study on the influence of the vehicle on the skin susceptibility to stinging from lactic acid

For patients with skin diseases, the process of treating the skin with topical medications adds to the burden of having the disease. Inconvenient skin reactions can make the treatment troublesome and lower the compliance. Moreover, epidemiological surveys indicate that 50% or more of female consumers believe they have sensitive skin. In the present study, the influence of the vehicle on the adverse skin reaction to lactic acid was judged by the test subjects after application of the test formulations to the facial skin.
Service seeking experiences of college-aged sexual and intimate partner violence victims with a mental health and/or behavioral disability

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine mental health service experiences following sexual violence (SV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among college women with a disability. Participants: College women (n = 27, ages 19 to 24) with a disability who experienced at least one SV/IPV occurrence; interviewed July/August 2016. Methods: Qualitative study using in-depth interviews, with thematic analysis. Results: Women tended to wait several months (or did not seek care at all) following SV/IPV, because they downplayed their experience (e.g., not wanting to label an experience as “rape”). Those seeking services primarily did so because of escalating mental health concerns. Among service seekers, women were satisfied when professionals validated their experiences/concerns; and were dissatisfied when faced with extended wait time for care and/or professionals unskilled with SV/IPV and mental health. However, women still sought care following negative experiences. Conclusions: Improved access to integrated care for SV/IPV and mental health, along with skilled professionals, is essential.
Interleukin-18 is associated with the severity of atopic dermatitis

ABSTRACT Background Interleukin (IL)-18 acts as both a Th1 and Th2 cytokine, but its association with allergic diseases remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to measured plasma IL-18 and serum IgE levels in atopic children to evaluate how IL-18 is associated with allergic diseases. Methods The plasma IL-18 and serum IgE levels in 51 atopic children, 28 healthy control children and 14 healthy control adults were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The 5' end of the IL-18 gene of 48 atopic children and 20 healthy control children was sequenced. Results The plasma IL-18 level was significantly elevated in children with bronchial asthma and/or atopic dermatitis. Plasma IL-18 levels in the moderate or severe atopic dermatitis group were significantly higher than those in either the control group or the mild atopic dermatitis group. There was a positive correlation between plasma IL-18 and serum IgE levels. Three allelic combinations of polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene promoter region were observed. There was no significant difference in the plasma IL-18 levels between groups carrying these genotypes. However, bronchial asthma patients had significantly higher frequencies of the − 137 G/G genotype than did control children. Conclusions The plasma IL-18 level was elevated, particularly in patients with atopic dermatitis. As the clinical severity of atopic dermatitis increased, the plasma IL-18 level also tended to increase. These findings suggest that IL-18 may be associated with the severity of atopic dermatitis.
Cessation related perceptions and behavior of former and current smokeless tobacco users.

Four hundred fourteen former and 73 current users of smokeless tobacco were questioned about their experiences in giving up smokeless tobacco. Their responses were compared with those of 463 ex-smokers to determine whether former smokeless tobacco users differed from former smokers in using specific cessation techniques. Of the smokeless tobacco users, 77% were interested in quitting, but only 7% wanted to quit "now. " Seven percent of the daily users reported that a college-based health or fitness professional had advised them to quit. Former smokeless tobacco users were significantly more likely than former smokers to report that smoking cigarettes was related to their efforts to give up smokeless tobacco than former smokers were to report using smokeless tobacco as a strategy to stop smoking, Former smokeless tobacco users were also significantly more likely than former smokers to report current tobacco use. Smokeless tobacco cessation programs based on the transtheoretical approach to behavior change are recommended.
Psychometric Properties of the Revised Facts on Suicide Quiz in Austrian Medical and Psychology Undergraduates

Psychometric properties and demographic correlates of a German form of R. W. Hubbard and J. L. McIntosh's (1992) Revised Facts on Suicide Quiz (RFOS), an inventory for assessing overall knowledge about suicide, were investigated in a sample of 1,093 Austrian medical and psychology students. Internal consistency of the RFOS was weak, as were many of the item-total correlations, indicating a fair amount of item-content heterogeneity. Demographic variables (sex, age, field of study, and study level) were significant predictors of RFOS scores and item responses. On the whole, women, advanced, older, and medical students outperformed men, junior, younger, and psychology students. Various directions for further inquiry are discussed.
Effective prevention of stress‐induced sweating and axillary malodour formation in teenagers

Emotional sweating and malodour production represent a relevant challenge to today’s antiperspirant (AP) and deodorant products as stress in everyday life increases continuously. The aim of this study was to investigate stress‐induced sweating in teenagers who are known to experience various stressful situations, e.g. exams at school or job interviews. To induce emotional sweating in 20 female and 20 male adolescents (16–18 years of age), we applied the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), considered today to be the most reliable and standardized stress protocol. In this study, we demonstrate that the TSST induces high amounts of sweat and strong axillary malodour in the tested age group. Notably, male teenagers showed significantly higher stress‐induced odour scores than female subjects, although no gender differences were detected concerning other physiological stress markers. Testing of a novel deodorant/AP product developed to specifically address the needs of adolescent consumers revealed excellent deodorant and AP efficacy under the challenging conditions of the TSST.
Creating a Memory Book: Undergraduate Student Experiences With End-of-Life Interviews

This article examines the impact of interviewing at the end of life and the creation of a legacy document on student interviewers. As part of an undergraduate class on death and dying, 36 students interviewed hospice patients, creating a hard cover memory book. An analysis of semistructured interviews with all of the students following completion of the project yielded three themes: greater appreciation for life, connection to my own family, and service and legacy. The importance of experiential approaches in death education was presented. Future research examining the emotional impact of these interviews on students was suggested.
Validation of the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale–Short Form in a Bereaved Sample

The Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) is an assessment of meaning made of stress that has been used successfully with bereaved individuals and other vulnerable populations. Drawing upon information from 741 bereaved respondents, the present study tests the validity of the ISLES–Short Form (ISLES-SF), which is a 6-item version of the original 16-item measure. Tests of concurrent and incremental validity yielded highly similar patterns of results for the full ISLES and ISLES-SF, supporting the use of this briefer version of the scale. Results also highlighted the unique association (controlling for demographics, circumstances of the death, and prolonged grief symptoms) between greater meaning made of loss and higher levels of mental and physical health. These findings add to a growing body of literature that supports theoretical models that view meaning-making as a crucial determinant of adjustment to loss among many grievers.
Infrared spectroscopic studies of sodium dodecyl sulphate permeation and interaction with stratum corneum lipids in skin

The barrier function of skin is primarily provided by the lamellar lipid matrix of the stratum corneum (SC), which has been shown in previous infrared (IR) and related studies to consist predominantly of ordered lipids packed in orthorhombic and hexagonal domains. In the current work, we investigate the effects of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), on SC lipid packing and phase behaviour, using FT‐IR spectroscopy. The use of acyl chain perdeuterated SDS allows unequivocal spectroscopic detection of both endogenous lipid and exogenous material in intact tissue. IR spectra were acquired as a function of temperature from isolated human SC exposed to SDS for various incubation periods at 34°C. SDS is found to enter the SC and is observed to be in a more ordered state in the SC than in solution, indicating that the SDS interacts with the ordered SC lipids. The results reveal that SDS reduces the amount of orthorhombic phase in the SC and increases the amount of hexagonally packed lipid at physiologically relevant temperatures. In addition, a small decrease in the lipid Tm (acyl chain melting temperature) is observed. Furthermore, these SDS‐induced changes were found to be strongly dependent on the time of exposure.
Nurses’ Experiences in Caring for Elderly Inpatients in a Medical Center

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nurses who care for elderly patients in an acute care hospital. Methods: Data were collected using one on one interviews and analyzed using a phenomenological approach. The participants were twelve nurses who worked on the wards of a medical center, B city, Korea. Results: Six themes were identified: ‘Work pressure’, ‘Needs for hospital infrastructure for elderly inpatients’, ‘Ambivalence toward elders', 'Needs for professional nursing practice in care for elderly patients’, 'Angry with irresponsible family caregivers’, and ‘Feels worth in caring for elders’. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate a need to expand the number of gerontological nursing personnel and the construction of a hospital infrastructure that would improve the quality of care for elderly patients. More studies are needed to explore the experiences of hospitalized elderly patients and their families.
Changing trends in Uropathogens and their Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern

In order to monitor changes in the etiologic bacterial agents and as well as antimicrobial resistance of urinary pathogens between five years period and over several years, urinary culture and sensitivity result of patients attending the outpatient departments of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in 2003 and in 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. In 2003 and 2008, 668 and 715 cultures respectively were reviewed. The frequency of Escherichia coli dropped significantly in the outpatient clinics from 60.02% to 51.75%. The frequency of Klebsiella spp increased considerably. The frequency of Enterobacter spp. Enterococci spp and Acenatobacter collectively increased from 25.15 to 31.04 (p<0.0001). A significant rise in the resistance of Escherichia coli to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin (p<0.0001) was documented. Urinary pathogens also demonstrated increased resistance to Nalidixic acid and Cefotaxime. In contrast Amoxycillin, Cephradine (p<0.0001), Cotrimoxazole (p<0.0001), Mecilinam (p<0.0001), Ceftriaxone (p<0.0001). Nitrofurantoin, Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Amikacin and Netilmicin showed consistent sensitivity. Ciprofloxacin showed increase in resistance against Enterococci and Klebsiella. The changing etiologic agents of urinary tract infections and the increasing resistance of organisms clearly dictate regular monitoring and modification of empirical therapy are required. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2010; 03 (02): 9-12
An investigation of the oral pathologies occurring in bulimia nervosa

This study investigated oral pathologies associated with bulimia nervosa and examined the relationship between these pathologies and the bulimic's binge eating, vomiting, and postvomiting oral hygiene. Results revealed a greater prevalence of enamel erosion, dental caries, dentin hypersensitivity, parotid dysfunction, and xerostomia in the bulimic group when compared with a nonbulimic control group. Enamel erosion was related to the duration of vomiting behavior. After 6 months the majority of bulimics exhibited erosion, which increased in severity with time. Tap water rinsing appeared to enhance erosion and cannot be recommended as a postvomiting hygiene practice. Since oral pathology may be the only detectable sign of bulimia nervosa, the information provided by this study facilitates the identification of bulimic patients and provides guidelines for evaluation of oral pathology in bulimia nervosa.
A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Suicidal Disclosures and Attitudes in Austrian and Turkish University Students

The prevalence of suicidal behavior and the nature of attitudes toward suicide differ in Austria and Turkey. To see if there were differences in disclosure, 351 Turkish and 310 Austrian students answered questions about disclosing suicidal thoughts. More Austrian than Turkish students reported suicidal ideation and believed that suicidal people disclose their plans, but suicidal disclosures were equally common in the two groups. Compared to Austria, suicidal disclosures in Turkey met with more positive social reactions that may facilitate a successful social support process. These findings imply that prevention efforts should reduce the stigma around suicidal disclosures.
Responding to a suicidal friend or family member: A qualitative study of college students

ABSTRACT The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how college students have responded, at any point in their lifetime, to a suicidal friend or family member. College students completed an online survey in which they described, in their own words, what they have done when a friend or family member disclosed being suicidal. These responses included providing social support, information, telling someone, and crisis support. Future studies are needed to determine how common these responses are, identify factors that predict certain responses, and examine the impact responding to a suicidal person can have on college student wellbeing.
Effect of a legal prime on clinician’s assessment of suicide risk

ABSTRACT The present study evaluates how liability influences mental health clinicians’ assessment of suicide risk. In this online vignette-based experiment, clinicians (N = 268) were either primed with a legal standard prior to a case vignette or presented the case vignette alone. Clinicians then rated the patient’s likelihood of suicide and need for hospitalization. Results indicated that trainees provided significantly lower ratings of suicide risk following presentation of the legal standard, but this was not associated with hospitalization endorsement. Results have training and legal implications for improving the accuracy of suicide risk assessment in both trainees and licensed professionals.