Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual variations in energy expenditure and intake

Introduction Our interest in this subject arises from a desire for information on individual variation in energy requirements, on the proportion of a population needing more and the proportion needing fewer calories than any stated estimate of its average energy requirements. We should like to be able to compare an array of intakes of energy of individuals with a corresponding array of their energy requirements and so to determine what proportion, if any, of the population might be at risk. Variations between individuals are to be expected and are known to exist: for example, wide variations in energy intake between individual adults were found in the prewar surveys of Widdowson (1936) on men and of Widdowson & McCance (1936) on women. Widdowson (1947) also found great variation in the energy intake of children and she discussed possible causes. Rose & Williams (1961) have shown wide variations in the calorie intakes of male students of the same weight and, apparently, similar activity. Nevertheless, lack of knowledge on the precise extent of variation between individuals makes it necessary to use mean requirements, with their obvious limitations, in assessing the adequacy of diets. In discussing this unfortunate necessity, Orr & Leitch ( I 937-8) reminded their readers that requirements ‘are average values so that in practice, especially when individual requirements have to be considered, a margin must be allowed’. Recently, Sukhatme (1961) has drawn attention to the limitations of using average requirements, particularly for assessing inadequate diets or estimating the extent of world food shortage. In the early studies on energy needs it was usual to measure dietary intake, to consider it in relation to the occupation and other characteristics of the individuals concerned and so to arrive at an estimate of need. For example, Greenwood & Thompson (1917-18) considered the energy yield of daily diets and estimates of the cost of certain activities in determining the needs of the ‘average man’ for an ‘average’ day’s work. Another way of tackling the problem is to measure energy expenditure, and attempts have been made to do it by various means. One way is to sum the energy needed for basal metabolism, the extra energy needed for daily activities and an allowance for the specific dynamic action of foods (cf. Orr & Leitch, 1937-8). Another way is to record the time spent by individuals on each and all the separate
Bis(2,6-dimethylpyridinium) tetrabromidozincate(II)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, (C7H10N)2[ZnBr4], the coordination geometry of the anion is approximately tetrahedral and a twofold rotation axis passes through the Zn atom. The Zn—Br bond lengths range from 2.400 (2) to 2.408 (3) Å and the Br—Zn—Br angles range from 108.14 (6) to 115.15 (15)°. In the crystal structure, the [ZnBr4]2− anion is connected to two cations through N—H⋯Br and H2C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, forming two-dimensional cation–anion–cation layers normal to the b axis. No significant Br⋯Br interactions [the shortest being 4.423 (4) Å] are observed in the structure.
Scandium and chromium in the strontium filament in the Homunculus of η Carinae

We continue a systematic study of chemical abundances of the Strontium Filament found in the ejecta of eta Carinae. To this end we interpret the emission spectrum of Sc II and Cr II using multilevel non-LTE models of these systems. Since the atomic data for these ions was previously unavailable, we carry out ab initio calculations of radiative transition rates and electron impact excitation rate coefficients. The observed spectrum is emitted from a mostly neutral region with electron density of the order of 10(exp 7) cm (exp -3) and a temperature between 6000 and 7000 K. These conditions are consistent with our previous diagnostics from [Ni II], [Ti II], amd [Sr II]. The observed spectrum indicates an abundance of Sc relative Ni that more than 40 times the solar values, while the Cr/Ni abundance ratio is roughly solar. Various scenarios of depletion and dust destruction are suggested to explain such abnormal abundances.
Estimation of conditionality of pork sensory quality by using multivariate analysis

The aim of the work was analysis of conditionality of the raw pork meat sensory quality defined in coherence with its technological quality and carcass meatiness with employment of multivariate statistic analysis. The research was executed on material taken from 50 hogs originated from crossing of PLW x PL and Naima sows with hybrids P76-PenArLan boars. All animals were slaughtered at 100 kg body weight. Content of meat was estimated by using of CGM apparatus. The samples were collected from Longissimus lumborum muscle and next pH in 45 minutes and 24 post mortem as well as drip loss were measured. Sensory quality of raw meat was evaluated in 48 h and 96 h after slaughter. Intensity and homogeneity of meat colour, marbling, drip loss and acceptability were also evaluated. The results were elaborated by using principal component and cluster analysis. The studied group of fatteners was characterized by high meatiness (56% of meat in carcass) and good meat quality (lack of faulty meat). Principal component analysis showed that approximately 64-71% of variability was explained by 3 or 4 main component related to marbling, acceptability, ultimate pH, slaughter weight. pH1 and meatiness. The cluster analysis by applying the Ward method gave a possibility singling out three homogeneous groups. Received results indicated strong dependence of acceptability of meat from its marbling and relationship with drip loss and pH changes getting after slaughter in meat.
Crystal chemistry and microstructures of plutonic biotite

Transmission electron microscope and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies were carried out on biotite from the Valle del Cervo plutonic body (northweslern Italy) with the aim of characteizing their structures and microstructures and also of establishing possible relationships between polytypism and crystal chemistry. The crystals, from the same lithologic complex, do not present significant chemical variations. On the other hand, they contain many diflerent polytypic sequences, such as lM and 2Mr, which represent the most common polytypes, 3T and disordered and long-period stacking sequences, which often coexist in the same crystal. Four-, five-, six-, seven-, eight-, nine-, 13-, l4-, and 2llayer polytypes, often interrupted by stacking faults, were also observed. No relationship was found between polytypic sequences and chemistry, whereas the observed microstructures seem to be related to the petrological environment. The microstructural study facilitated the interpretation of difference-Fourier maps obtained from structure refinements of biotite from the same rock samples. The crystal-chemical study of two biotite samples, IM (space group C2/m) and 2M, (space group C2/c), from the same rock sample and with very similar chemical composition did not reveal any substantial differences in the mean bond lengths, whereas the octahedral and tetrahedral distortion parameters are higher in 2M, than in lM. Both polytypes exhibit Ml mean bond lengths greater than M2 mean bond lengths, suggesting partial cation ordering, whereas no tetrahedral cation ordering can be detected in the 2M, polytype.
Monocyte‐derived dendritic cells do not proliferate and are not susceptible to retroviral transduction

Dendritic cells may be generated ex vivo from CD34+ progenitor cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Initial reports suggested that monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) arise from a proliferating precursor and several groups subsequently reported successful retroviral transduction of these cells, again implying that cell division occurs. As this is of importance in the development of immunotherapy protocols, we investigated whether monocytes proliferate as they differentiate into MoDCs and also their susceptibility to retroviral transduction. During MoDC differentiation, there was a 51 ± 12% reduction in cell number, 98% of cells were in G0/G1, no DNA synthesis was detectable and the cell cycle regulatory proteins pRb and p130 were in the hypophosphorylated forms observed in non‐cycling cells. As expected from these results, MoDCs were refractory to transduction with a GALV1 pseudotyped Moloney murine leukaemia virus (MoMLV)‐based retroviral vector. In contrast, generation of DCs from purified CD34 progenitors was accompanied by rapid entry into the cell cycle and a 41.1‐fold cell expansion at the end of 14 d culture.
Assessment of Beef Cattle Production and Marketing Practice in Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia

A cross sectional study was conducted with the objectives to assessing beef cattle production and trading system in eastern Oromia. Structured questionnaire and a onetime observation were conducted on 50 producers and 40 traders a total of 90 beef cattle producers and traders, which were, include purposively in the study using random sampling techniques to generate set data. Based on the result of survey made the producers kept cattle for multiple purposes, on average age of 6-9 years. Most farmers sold animals in near by village market. Major constraints for producers were feed shortage, animal health and lack of improve breeds. Traders transported mixed cattle in irrespective of ages, breeds, and sex to their destination which was on average 118.5±19 km via vehicle. Harar breed had high demand in local market while Boran was used for export purpose. The perception of traders on factors affecting the quality of beef indicated that beating, feed shortage, and agroecology were important being ranked 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd respectively. From this study, it was concluded that quality of beef produced in study areas was relatively older. Resulted tough beef source. It is recommended that strategy should be developed to encourage premium payment for young cattle marketing that is not exposed to draft service and develop strategy to breed improvement to overcome stock decreases. Keywords : Beef, Cattle age, Feed resource, Perceptions DOI : 10.7176/FSQM/85-04 Publication date :March 31 st 2019
What do we know about practitioners' approach to business valuation? A survey-based review

4 Introduction . 6 1. Methodological procedures of the study . 8 2. Overview of the business valuation practitioners’ surveys . 11 2.1. Temporal and geographical distribution of surveys . 11 2.2. Research questions covered. 15 3. Results . 19 3.1. Valuation techniques used by practitioners . 19 3.1. 1. Most popular business valuation techniques . 19 3.1. 2. Differences in valuation approaches on developed and emerging markets . 25 3.2. Sources of financial information . 26 3.3. Valuation inputs and time horizons . 28 3.4. Unanswered research questions . 29 Conclusions and discussion . 31 References . 34 Appendices . 39
Simultaneous Videoradiography and Computerized Pharyngeal Manometry — Videomanometry

To obtain more information about muscle function in patients with dysphagia, simultaneous barium swallow and computerized pharyngeal manometry with solid-state pressure transducers was employed for the evaluation of the pharynx and the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) in 30 consecutive patients. The manometry catheter was positioned under fluoroscopic control, providing localized measurements of the intraluminal pressures in the pharynx. Sixteen patients had a normal barium swallow. In 5 (31%) of these the manometry disclosed PES dysfunction, i.e. increased resting pressures between swallows in 3 patients (mean 120 ± 13 mm Hg), and increased contraction pressures during peristalsis in 2 (mean 297 ± 21 mm Hg). Barium swallow and manometry are complementary: the former reflecting transport through the pharynx and penetration to the airways, the latter the intraluminal pressures created by the pharyngeal wall. The combination of barium swallow and manometry gives information about pressure in relation to bolus transport, which may elucidate pharyngeal dysfunction.
A Comparison of Forgetting for Conscious and Automatic Memory Processes in Word Fragment Completion Tasks

Differential forgetting rates have been used as one argument for separable memory systems for implicit and explicit memory. In a previous study (McBride & Dosher, 1997), however, stem completion performance showed similar forgetting rates for both implicit and explicit instructions. The current study evaluated forgetting for implicit and explicit word-fragment completion. In Experiment 1, forgetting rates were compared for implicit and explicit task performance. Forgetting rates did not differ significantly between the two tasks. In Experiment 2, conscious and automatic memory estimates derived from multinomial models for process dissociation were compared. Forgetting rates for conscious and automatic memory processes did not differ significantly when estimated by a Jacoby equation-based model or by a guessing-elaborated model. Results indicate that forgetting is similar for conscious and automatic memory processes when measured with a fragment completion task for delays up to 45 min.
Contribution à la caractérisation des performances des problèmes conjoints de détection et d'estimation

Un grand nombre d'applications concretes (Radar, Sonar, Telecoms. . . ) requierent une etape de detection dont l'effet principal est de restreindre l'ensemble des observations disponibles pour l'estimation des parametres inconnus. Par consequent, nous etablissons l'expression des bornes inferieures de l'Erreur Quadratique Moyenne (EQM) conditionnees par un test d'hypothese binaire au moyen d'une approche didactique generale. Pour valider l'interet de cette demarche, nous montrons egalement a l'aide d'une application fondamentale, que le probleme de la precision de prediction de l'EQM vraie par une borne inferieure a faible RSB, peut provenir d'une formulation incorrecte de la borne inferieure ne prenant pas en compte la vraie problematique, a savoir les problemes conjoints de detection-estimation.
Prevalence and Pattern of Soil Transmitted Helminths (Sths) among Primary School Children at Nnewi, Nnewi- North Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria

Soil Transmitted Helminths (STHs) are of great Public Health importance. The present study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of STHs among Primary School Children at Nnewi, Nnewi North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. 250 school children aged 1-12 Original Research Article Ukibe et al.; ARRB, 28(1): 1-6, 2018; Article no.ARRB. 42195 2 years were randomly recruited from 5 major primary schools at Nnewi between January and June 2017. 95 (38%) were males while 155 (62%) were females. Stool samples were collected using universal sterile containers and examined microscopically using saline floatation method. Out of the 250 pupils examined, 105 (42%) were positive for at least one STH. 40 (42.1%) of the males examined were positive while 65 (41.9%) of the females were positive. There was no significant difference between sexes (P > 0.05). Children aged 1-5 years had the highest prevalence (62.2%), followed by those aged 6-8 years (33.3). Children aged 9-12 years had the least prevalence. Prevalence was significantly different between the different age groups (P < 0.05). Among the STHs isolated, Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent (22%), followed by Hookworm (14%). The least prevalent was Trichuris trichiura (6%). No case of mixed infection was detected. The study concludes that STHs are of immense public Health importance in primary School children at Nnewi and efforts should be intensified to promote health education, personal hygiene and sanitation and regular deworming of school children.
Analysis of The Influence of The Board of Commissioners, Directors, Audit Committee and External Audit Effectiveness On The Level of Mandatory and Voluntary Disclosure

Abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of the effectiveness of the board of commissioners, directors, audit committees and external audit (audit costs, the size of the Public Accounting Firm and the audit opinion) on the level of mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The study uses a sample of 142 non-financial public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011 and 2012. The result of the study concludes that the size of the public accounting firm has a significant negative effect on the level of mandatory disclosure, while the effectiveness of the board of commissioners and directors positively influence mandatory disclosure. The effectiveness of the directors and audit committee also positively influence the level of voluntary disclosure, whereas external audit does not influence the level of voluntary disclosure. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh efektivitas dewan komisaris, direksi, komite audit dan audit eksternal (biaya audit, ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik dan opini audit) pada tingkat pengungkapan wajib dan sukarela. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel dari 142 perusahaan publik non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2011 dan 2012. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa ukuran kantor akuntan publik memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap tingkat pengungkapan wajib, sementara efektivitas dewan komisaris dan direksi berpengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan wajib. Efektivitas direksi dan komite audit juga secara positif mempengaruhi tingkat pengungkapan sukarela, sedangkan audit eksternal tidak mempengaruhi tingkat pengungkapan sukarela.
KIR3DL2 Binds to HLA-B27 Dimers and Free H Chains More Strongly than Other HLA Class I and Promotes the Expansion of T Cells in Ankylosing Spondylitis

The human leukocyte Ag HLA-B27 (B27) is strongly associated with the spondyloarthritides. B27 can be expressed at the cell surface of APC as both classical β2-microglobulin–associated B27 and B27 free H chain forms (FHC), including disulfide-bonded H chain homodimers (termed B272). B27 FHC forms, but not classical B27, bind to KIR3DL2. HLA-A3, which is not associated with spondyloarthritis (SpA), is also a ligand for KIR3DL2. In this study, we show that B272 and B27 FHC bind more strongly to KIR3DL2 than other HLA-class I, including HLA-A3. B272 tetramers bound KIR3DL2-transfected cells more strongly than HLA-A3. KIR3DL2Fc bound to HLA-B27–transfected cells more strongly than to cells transfected with other HLA-class I. KIR3DL2Fc pulled down multimeric, dimeric, and monomeric FHC from HLA-B27–expressing cell lines. Binding to B272 and B27 FHC stimulated greater KIR3DL2 phosphorylation than HLA-A3. B272 and B27 FHC stimulated KIR3DL2CD3ε-transduced T cell IL-2 production to a greater extent than control HLA-class I. KIR3DL2 binding to B27 inhibited NK IFN-γ secretion and promoted greater survival of KIR3DL2+ CD4 T and NK cells than binding to other HLA-class I. KIR3DL2+ T cells from B27+ SpA patients proliferated more in response to Ag presented by syngeneic APC than the same T cell subset from healthy and disease controls. Our results suggest that expansion of KIR3DL2-expressing leukocytes observed in B27+ SpA may be explained by the stronger interaction of KIR3DL2 with B27 FHC.
Spray-congealed formulations of sulfaethidole (SETD) and waxes for prolonged-release medication. Effect of modifiers.

An investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of the addition of certain substances—viz., low molecular weight polyethylene, ethylcellulose 20 cps. , and glyceryl ester of hydrogenated rosin, to carnauba wax, hydrogenated castor oil, and synthetic wax-like ester, on the in vitro dissolution patterns of spray-congealed particles of sulfaethidole (SETD) and wax-modifier combinations. The pneumatically atomized and congealed particles of the drug-wax-modifier suspensions were observed to possess log-normal particle-size distributions. These were characteristic for a particular wax. The addition of low molecular weight polyethylene was observed to increase the particle size significantly for all three wax formulations. The in vitro dissolution patterns appear to be second order, being functions of the effective surface area and the weight of drug available for dissolution. The dissolution patterns of SETD from the three wax formulations were observed to be characteristic for each wax and dissolution medium. The addition of low molecular weight polyethylene was observed to retard the dissolution rates of SETD from hydrogenated castor oil and synthetic wax-like ester formulations. The addition of ethylcellulose tended to increase the dissolution rate from carnauba wax and synthetic wax-like ester formulations. The addition of glyceryl ester of hydrogenated rosin tended to decrease the dissolution rate of the drug from carnauba wax and hydrogenated castor oil formulations.
Mpn491, a secreted nuclease of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, plays a critical role in evading killing by neutrophil extracellular traps

Neutrophils play an important role in antimicrobial defense as the first line of innate immune system. Recently, the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been identified as a killing mechanism of neutrophils against invading microbes. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a causative agent of respiratory infection, has been shown to be resistant to in vitro killing by neutrophils, suggesting that the bacterium might circumvent bactericidal activity of NETs. In this study, we investigated whether M. pneumoniae possesses resistance mechanisms against the NETs‐mediated killing of neutrophils and found that the bacterium degrades the NETs induced upon M. pneumoniae infection. The NETs‐degrading ability of M. pneumoniae required the production of a secreted nuclease, Mpn491, capable of using Mg2+ as a cofactor for its hydrolytic activity. Moreover, the inactivation of the nuclease resulted in increased susceptibility of M. pneumoniae to the NETs‐mediated killing of neutrophils. The results suggest that M. pneumoniae employs Mpn491 as a means for evading the killing mechanism of neutrophils.
Assessment of Myocardium at Risk with Computerized Vectorcardiography and Technetium-99m-Sestamibi-Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography during Coronary Angioplasty

Objective - To compare the myocardium at risk (MAR) as estimated by computerized vectorcardiography (cVCG) with MAR determined by Tc-99m-sestamibi-SPECT using coronary angioplasty as the model for transient transmural ischemia in humans. Methods and results - In 37 patients with stable angina pectoris, cVCG was recorded continuously during coronary angioplasty. The scintigraphic defect was quantified using an automated software program (CEqual). The ST vector magnitude (ST-VM) and the ST change vector magnitude (STC-VM) correlated well with MAR estimated by scintigraphy, ST-VM ( r = 0.71, p < 0.001) and STC-VM ( r = 0.84, p < 0.001). All patients with STC-VM <50 w V during occlusion had defects of less than 10% of the left ventricle. Conclusion - 1) ST-VM and STC-VM give a reasonable useful estimate of MAR size during transient coronary occlusion. 2) STC-VM <50 w V is a reliable limit to identify patients with MAR size less than 10%. 3) ST-VM does not add information to STC-VM with respect to detection of ischemia. 4) The existence of collateral vessels has great impact on both ST-vector changes and scintigraphic imaging of myocardial ischemia.