Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistics of plasma sheet convection

[1] Determining the characteristics of plasma sheet convection and their response to changes in various solar wind parameters is important for understanding the energy and mass transport, as well as disturbance propagation, through geospace. We use 15 years of data obtained by Geotail, Cluster, and THEMIS to study statistically the characteristics of plasma sheet flows and the effect of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) on the convection. We find that plasma sheet convection is dominated by slow speed ( 500 km/s are directed almost purely sunward. Both IMF By and IMF Bz are observed to penetrate the plasma sheet. During southward IMF conditions, a channel of increased Bz is created in the nightside around the aberrated midnight axis. We suggest that the channel is caused by dipolarization and magnetic flux pileup related to fast flows. The nightside region of highest mean flow speed is located more duskward during dawnward IMF conditions than during duskward IMF conditions. For plasma sheet flows with speeds higher than 100 km/s, we find that the orientation of IMF (clock angle) controls the speeds, while the magnitude of the solar wind electric field plays a minor role. The increasing speed indicates that energy transfer per unit length of the nightside X line increases as IMF turns southward.
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SEDIMENT AGES AND ACCUMULATION RATES IN JAKARTA BAY DERIVED FROM DEPTH PROFILES OF UNSUPPORTED 210 Pb

Preliminary study of sediment ages and accumulation rates has been carried out in Jakarta Bay using unsupported 210 Pb. 210 Pb occurs naturally in sediments as one of the radioisotopes in the 238 U decay series. The total 210 Pb activity in sediments has two components, namely; supported and unsupported. The latter derives from dissociation of 210 Pb from 226 Ra through diffusion of the intermediate gaseous isotope 222 Rn which diffuse into the atmosphere and decay to 210 Pb. 210 Pb falling directly into seawater and deposit on the bed of the marine with sediments. 210 Pb has half-life of 22.26 years makes it well suited to dating and determining the accumulation rate of sediments laid down over the past 100 – 150 years. Two cores samples with diameter 7.5 cm were taken by scuba divers from Jakarta Bay and were analyzed of 210 Pb using -spectrometer equipped with PIPS detector. The sediment ages and range of sediment accumulation rates of core I and II are up to 169 years and (0.25 – 1.93) kg/m 2 y and up to 157 years and (0.15 – 2.68) kg/m 2 y, respectively.
The Open Access Israeli Journal of Aquaculture – Bamidgeh

Body color is an important quality and determines the value of koi. Fish are unable to fully synthesize carotenoid pigments. Therefore, carotenoid needs to be added to their diets. This study determined the effect of astacin on the growth and body color enhancement in healthy red-white ornamental carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi). Fish were fed diets containing 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 mg astacin/kg diet for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, samples of red-white, red, and white skin, head, scales, and fin ray were collected for carotenoid content analysis and visual observation. Fish weight and specific growth rate were significantly higher in fish fed the 150, 200, and 250 mg diets than in fish fed the control while the feed conversion rates in the 200 and 250 groups were significantly lower than in the control. Carotenoid deposition in the skin, head, scale, and fin ray of fish fed diets containing astacin was significantly higher than that those fed the control. In addition, a higher astacin content resulted in a brighter body color. The highest carotenoid concentration was achieved when 250 mg astacin/kg feed was added. Astacin was mainly deposited in the skin, scales, and head. The IJA appears exclusively as a peer-reviewed online open-access journal at http://www.siamb. org.il. To read papers free of charge, please register online at registration form. Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden. Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden.
Cardiovascular Drug Medication Adherence Assessed by Dried Blood Spot Analysis

The use of dried blood spot (DBS) collection cards was investigated for the detection of therapeutic drugs used in cardiovascular therapy for assessing medication adherence. A liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was developed for the determination of, bisoprolol, ramipril, and simvastatin. Whole blood spiked with target analytes was used to produce 30 μl blood spots on specimen collection cards for calibration purposes. An 8 mm disc was cut from the dried blood spot and extracted using methanol: water (70:30, v/v). The High Resolution MS detection, at the precise mass of the target drugs, was carried out in electrospray positive ion mode. The LC-HRMS method successfully identified control volunteers who were known to be either adherent or non-adherent. There were no false positives from volunteers taking other cardiovascular drugs or from volunteers receiving no medication. Potentially therefore the system would identify non–adherent patients based on the absence of the target analyte in the DBS sample provided.
Attitudinal Correlates of Some Selected Nigerian Librarians towards the Use of ICT

The explosion of information communication technology (ICT) since the beginning of the 20 th century has been rendering manual-based library system in academic, research, special and public libraries less relevant. This is because using and implementing information communication technology in the library depend largely on the librarian attitude toward the current digital age. This study examined the attitudinal correlates of some selected Nigerian Librarian towards the use and application of ICT in their various libraries. A total of 41 librarians from all the four censured automated libraries in Oyo state of Nigeria formed the study’s population. Two research questions were developed to guide the study. The results indicate that all the four out of the five variables age, gender, educational qualifications and prior knowledge of ICT significantly correlate with librarian attitude towards ICT; while the other variable ICT anxiety correlate negatively with the librarian attitude towards ICT. Findings further show that all the 5 variables significantly predict librarian’s attitude towards ICT with prior ICT experience showing the greatest predictive effect. Based on these findings, it is recommended that libraries in the developing countries should consider training those librarians who do not have knowledge of ICT in order to remove the fear and anxiety hindering them from developing good attitude towards the use of ICT in their libraries.
Corporate Governance in Alternative Investment Market (AIM) Companies: Determinants of Corporate Governance Disclosure

This study examines the relationship between company and market-related variables, and the disclosure level of voluntary corporate governance practice in the UK's Alternative Investment Market (AIM) companies. AIM is a market that has grown rapidly in the last decade, attracting companies from around the world. It has a 'lighter touch' regulatory regime which has made it more attractive for companies seeking their first listing, or companies seeking an overseas listing in a well-respected market. Using a sample of 300 financial reports and accounts of AIM companies, we carry out regression analysis which indicates that age, company size, board size and the presence of turnover (i.e. the company is active) are positively associated with the adoption, and disclosure, of recommended governance practice. Our study also reveals that more highly geared AIM companies tend to make less disclosure. Overall, our findings suggest that the internal dynamics of AIM companies exert a greater influence on voluntary corporate governance disclosures than do market-related factors. We contribute to the literature on AIM companies and corporate governance in two main ways. First, we provide evidence on the extent of disclosure of corporate governance by AIM companies, an area where research has been largely absent. Secondly, we provide some insights into which company-level and market-related variables may be significant to corporate governance disclosure. Our findings have implications not just for the UK but also for overseas companies listed on AIM, and for countries who either have, or are considering introducing, a similar market.
Spraying Effects on Goat Welfare in Hot and Humid Climate

Heat stress is one of the major factors adversely affecting animal welfare and thus economic benefits of farms. This study was designed to determine the effects of three different spraying methods on goats for reducing heat stress. Thirty goats divided into three groups for the trial (One time sprayed a day: OTS, Two times sprayed a day TTS and Non-sprayed: Control). Respiration and pulse rates, rectal and surface temperatures (from head and udder skin) were taken three times a day (08.00-09.00, 16.00-17.00 and 12.00-01.00) on hot summer days in July-2005 under Mediterranean conditions. Some behavioural aspects such as eating, ruminating, drinking, walking and resting, daily feed and water consumption were regularly measured. The results showed that rectal temperatures (p≤0.005), pulse (p≤0.054) and respiration rates (p≤0.049), udder (p≤0.041) and head temperatures (p≤0.033) in three groups were significantly different. Depending on rising air temperature, rectal, head and udder temperatures and respiration and pulse rates increased during daytime and retired to normal level at night time. TTS goats were superior to the others regarding above-mentioned physiological data. TTS goats spent more time than OTS and Control goats while eating (p≤0.02), ruminating (p≤0.04) and walking (p≤0.01) but less time while drinking (p≤0.01) and resting (p≤0.01). Significant changes between three groups were ascertained regarding feed and water consumptions. TTS goats consumed more concentrate feed (p≤0.042) and alfalfa hay (p = 0.032) than other two groups, whereas Control groups consumed more water (p≤0.012) than the others. Ultimately, the spraying has positive effects on yearling goats for alleviating heat stress and improve animal welfare.
Behavioral Loyalty and Attitudinal Loyalty: Malaysian’s Intention on Counterfeit Clothing and Footwear

Purpose: The research aim to clarify the relationship of brand loyalty: attitudinal and behavioral loyalty with the Malaysian purchase intention on pirated clothing and footwear in order to gain better understanding in developing advance countermeasure. Design/ Methodology/ Approach : A quantitative research is used to obtain the first hand information. 380 sets of personally- administrated questionnaires were distributed in Malaysia -Penang’s Batu Ferringhi Night Market. A variety of statistical analysis techniques were used. Findings: The findings suggested brand loyalty: attitudinal and behavioral have a significant relationship with the purchase intention of counterfeit products. Under the two brand loyalty concepts, the behavioral loyalty had a greater negative association with the consumer intention on counterfeit. Practical implications : The paper provided in dept knowledge about the consumers motivation on counterfeit products and the information of marketing intelligence strategy-branding which available for the marketers and genuine manufacturers in better eradicate the counterfeit activities. Research Limitations : The paper was primarily focus on the counterfeit clothing and footwear. Although the focus and sample size is adequate and accepted but the generalizability of study may be limited and cannot consider as representative collectively for the whole of Malaysia and other pirated products. Secondly, the quantitative research used had limited the further insight of other unknown variables or factors that do not included.
THE IMPACT OF TRAINING AND HEALTHCARE SERVICES OFFERED DURING HOME VISITS ON TENSION CONTROL AND LIFE BEHAVIOURS OF AGED INDIVIDUALS IN TURKEY

Early diagnosis of hypertension in vast masses and control of tension constitutes a major part of the public health studies. The aim of this study is to identify the impact of information and healthcare services provided during the home visits on the effectiveness of developing life quality and bringing in life behaviour related to health. The design of the study was single -grouped pre-test and post-test. Forty-eight individuals of 65 years of age or older who have had hypertension diagnosis for at least six months were involved in the study. A nursing initiative encompassing training-healthcare services was carried out from the first week. Patients were provided with seven-week-of training in total with 2-week intervals. Data were obtained by means of a questionnaire, blood pressure, Body Mass Index (BMI) measuring and Health Promotion Life-style Profile (HPLP)Data were analyzed by using SPSS. At the end of study, a statistically significant decrease was observed in blood pressures and BMI values while a statistically significant increase was observed in nutrition, health responsibility and stress management behaviours.
Non-random exchange; value, uncertainty and strategy in the market for popular music

Dit proefschrift stelt dat de onzekerheid omtrent waarde, en omtrent hoe die waarde vastgesteld wordt op markten, sturend is voor het economische gedrag van producenten en consumenten. In de meeste traditionele economische modellen, zoals nog op middelbare scholen onderwezen, worden consumenten en producenten vaak gerepresenteerd als louter omhulsels van consumentenpreferenties en productiefuncties; zij worden door de markt naar een optimale evenwichtsuitkomst gevoerd. In verder uitgewerkte vormen van deze modellen kunnen producenten ook allerlei vormen van strategisch gedrag vertonen, bijvoorbeeld door beslag te leggen op schaarse productiemiddelen of door samen te spannen als oligopolisten, maar hun strategisch gedrag wordt zelden of nooit in verband gebracht met het proces van waardebepaling als zodanig. En ook in deze modellen blijft de consument veelal de passieve en onderbelichte partner in het marktproces. In dit proefschrift wordt juist nader ingegaan op de betekenis van de onzekerheid omtrent waarde en omtrent de vaststelling van waarde aan de vraagzijde en de onzekerheid die hierdoor ontstaat aan de aanbodzijde. Zoals in dit proefschrift blijkt is het effectief omgaan met die onzekerheden een belangrijke determinant van strategisch handelen en het bereiken van concurrentievoordelen door producenten. Door het centraal stellen van de institutionele structuren die opgetrokken zijn ter reductie van onzekerheid omtrent waardebepaling, is getracht betere verklaringen te vinden voor de aard van de marktrelaties die totstandkomen tussen de verschillende actoren, alsmede meer inzichtelijk te maken welke oorzaken het succes of falen van bepaalde vormen van strategisch gedrag van producenten determineren.
An Empirical Study About Illegal Information Disclosure of Listed Companies

Using a paired t-test, Wilcoxon test and logistic regression analysis to analyze the 196 listed companies of illegal information disclosure in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares and matching companies in 2007-2012, this paper carries out an empirical research about the factors affecting illegal information disclosure of listed companies, finding that: Ownership concentration, the board stability, profitability, solvency and the level of development of the external market show significant negative correlation with the probability of illegal information disclosure, Managers Equity Incentives shows significant positive correlation with the probability of illegal information disclosure, while the proportion of independent directors, audit committee established or not, the degree of legal protection and audit oversight opinions don’t have significant relationship with illegal information disclosure.
The Role of cadmium in proteins glycation by glucose formation of methylglyoxal and hydrogen peroxide in vitro

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that be a source of concern for industrial workers and it was proposed in the formation of advance glycation end products (AGEs) such as methylglyoxal (MG). MG have recently attracted much attention because of their possible clinical significance in chronic and agerelated diseases. Based on previous research, methylglyoxal formation can be accelerated by metals in vitro. The role of Cd in the formation of MG and hydrogen peroxide has not been much studied. Thus, our study aims to measure the formation rate of MG and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Cd in vitro. This research was divided into 4 groups (1 control group and 3 treatment groups), than we set carbonyl compound assay, methylglyoxals assay, and hydrogen peroxide assay. For analyzing of the data, SPSS software version 17 was used and was examined by ANOVA and regression correlation test. For all outcomes, a nominal p-value of p < 0,05 was considered significant. We found that there are significant correlation between Cd exposure on the formation of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal (p < 0,05) in nonenzymatic glycation of proteins by glucose. The increased Cd level accelerate the formation of methylglyoxal and hydrogen peroxide.
Can you trust the good guys? A test of two theories of reciprocity

The strive for social esteem is an important motive for pro-social behavior. Many people want to be seen as nice. Recent theories have suggested that the valuation of such esteem depends on the audience. In this study we look at trust and trustworthiness towards people who do or do not identify themselves with typical altruistic goals. In a trust game we observe strong discrimination against those who do but no positive discrimination of those who do not. Moreover, we find that only those second movers who identify themselves with the goals discriminate between the audiences. The last two findings cannot be explained by existing theories. ∗University of Zurich, IZA, and Center for Comparative and International Studies (CIS), Email: sebastian.fehrler@pw.uzh. ch. ∗∗University of Frankfurt and IZA.
Cognitive Insight, Clinical Insight, and Reasoning in Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study in a Forensic Setting

ABSTRACT This pilot study of 20 chronically ill male inpatients with schizophrenia and a history of violence investigates the relationships between cognitive insight, clinical insight, reasoning, and symptoms in a forensic setting. The majority (75%) of the patients with schizophrenia made hasty decisions based on a small amount of information (the jumping-to-conclusion bias, JTC). In addition, the data suggested that the more information patients gather, the more clinical insight they have and the less distressed they are by their symptoms. However, neither cognitive nor clinical insight were found to be statistically significantly associated with symptoms. The Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) showed low and nonsignificant correlations with JTC bias as well as with symptoms. We discuss the potential significance of JTC bias, and clinical and cognitive insight in treatment of forensic schizophrenia patients with a history of violence.
Educational Expansion: Evidence and Interpretation

The authors document the vast expansion of schooling over the past several decades, as well as convergence in schooling measures across countries. They make the observation that poor countries today have higher average education levels than countries at the same level of economic development had in the past. They propose a simple model that suggests that these trends can be attributed to the intertemporal expansion of the world technological frontier, which enhances the demand for schooling. Their empirical analysis supports the view that educational expansion has occurred because of the increase in demand, especially in open economies, and not because of cost-reducing improvements in the education sector.
Mechanical Nanoprocessing and Nanoviscoelasticity of Surface- Modified Polycarbonate

To clarify their potential as atomic force microscope (AFM) memory media, the nanome‐ ter‐scale mechanical processing properties of untreated and fluorocarbon plasma‐treated polycarbonate samples were determined via the sliding of an AFM tip. The surface energy of the polycarbonate was reduced by the fluorocarbon plasma treatment, as well as the force necessary for processing. Nanometer‐scale precise processing of the poly‐ carbonate was realized after the fluorocarbon plasma treatment, and the interval pitch in the formation of lines, spaces, and nanometer‐scale fine dots was minimized to 60 nm with these samples. The viscoelastic properties of the fluorinated polycarbonate were evaluated using an AFM in force modulation mode. The fluorocarbon plasma treatment reduced the friction force of the polycarbonate sample and improved its wear resistance, which caused the friction durability corresponding to the reliability of data reproduction to be markedly improved. These results show that high‐density recording can be realized by nanometer‐scale processing of fluorocarbon plasma‐treated polycarbonate samples. fluorocarbon plasma treatment and to characterize and optimize the treated to improve its properties. However, are should be for tip and It has also been proposed to treat and subsequently coat ultrathin DLC film. The surface‐free energy of these modified PC specimens is thereby reduced and the interaction between the head and medium is thus decreased, which enables fine nanopro‐ cessing to be realized.
Risk Assessment of Nickel Toxicity in Rams in a Semi-Arid Region Using Soil-Plant and Blood Plasma Samples as Indicators

The present study was conducted at a livestock farm to assess whether the rams being reared therein are experiencing nickel (Ni) toxicity. To fulfill this objective, blood plasma, forage and soil samples were collected four times each after 30 days interval and analyzed through wet digestion for determining Ni concentration. The results showed a significant influence of sampling intervals on soil and forage Ni level, but a non-significant effect on blood plasma Ni. The values of soil and forage Ni in this study were higher than the critical levels for these attributes. The blood plasma Ni concentration was found to be much higher than the normal value for ruminants. Thus, toxic effects of Ni may be expected in the ruminants being reared at this farm. Soil and forage Ni levels were highly correlated, but the correlation between forage and blood plasma Ni levels was poor. Overall, blood plasma, soil and forage Ni concentrations were higher than the normal reference values. So application of fertilizer containing Ni to the soil of the farm as well as supplementation with Ni for grazing ruminants should be avoided.
Physical Aspects of the Wind-Snow Interaction in Blowing Snow

New findings and concept concerned with the interaction of the wind and snow surface are presented. When a wind velocity on a snow surface becomes strong enough a phenomenon of blowing snow begins. The threshold velocity for blowing snow depends variously on many parameters such as temperature and textures of snow; The onset of blowing snow is essentially statistical in a sense that a nucleus of fluidization must be formed before the snow is fluidized or blowing snow appears. The wind profile in blowing snow was found to be modified considerably by movements of snow particles; increase in the wind velocity was found near the snow surface where the motion of particles was maximum. This increase was attributed to the downward transfer of momentum in the horizontal direction due to saltating snow particles. Net downward force was found to act on saltating snow particles, which suggests the downward transport of momentum in the vertical direction.