Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autobiographical memory: A proposal for mnemic stimulation in elderly
 individuals

The objective of this study was to document the autobiographical memory intervention process for elderly individuals developed by Serrano, Latorre, and Montañes (2005) and to verify the impact on cognition, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life. The study design was a quasi-experimental research approach with preand post-intervention evaluations, where ten individuals of both sexes, divided into a control group (CG = 5) and an experimental group (EG = 5) were investigated. There were no gains in cognition, depression, anxiety, and quality of life scores. However, the application of the designed protocol for each group allowed elderly individuals to interact and socialize in an environment capable of favoring autobiographical recall. It is suggested, however, that professionals, when applying the script, have the necessary flexibility for a possible extension in the number of elderly individuals, time and sessions.
The Influence of Attachment Styles and Personality Organization on Emotional Functioning After Childhood Trauma

Background: Current literature suggests a tenuous link among childhood trauma, personality organization, adult attachment, and emotional functioning in various psychiatric disorders. However, empirical research focusing on the interaction of these concepts is sparse. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the influence of personality organization and attachment dimensions on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and emotional functioning in adult life. To assess emotional functioning, we adopted the Affective Neuroscience model of primary emotions, comprising SEEKING, FEAR, ANGER, SADNESS, CARE, and PLAY. Methods: The total sample consisted of 616 nonclinical adults (Age: M = 30; SD = 9.53; 61.9% female). Path analysis was applied to investigate interactions among childhood trauma, personality organization, adult attachment, and primary emotion dispositions. Results: The findings suggest that childhood trauma significantly predicted deficits in personality organization and insecure attachment (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, a reduced level of personality organization was significantly associated with increased ANGER (p < 0.001), whereas adult attachment substantially predicted primary emotion dispositions in general. Moreover, the results indicate significant mediational effects of personality organization and attachment dimensions on the relationship between childhood trauma and primary emotions (p < 0.01). The final model was able to explain 48% of the variance in SADNESS, 38% in PLAY, 35% in FEAR, 28% in CARE, 14% in ANGER, and 13% in SEEKING. Discussion: The findings contribute to the understanding of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and impaired emotional functioning in adult life. Furthermore, the importance of personality organization and attachment dimensions for emotion regulation is underlined. Consequently, the treatment of patients with childhood trauma should focus on facilitating the development of more secure attachment patterns and increased personality functioning to improve overall emotional functioning.
TATA KELOLA KORPORASI DALAM MENDETEKSI KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki fenomena corporate governance dalam mendeteksi kecurangan laporan keuangan. Pendeteksian kecurangan diukur dengan model Beneish. Pengukuran model ini dengan menggunakan M-score. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 694 dengan perusahaan manufaktur periode 2011-2015. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling. Untuk menguji hipotesis digunakan analisis regresi logistik dengan model moderasi. Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah kepemilikan asing, kepemilikan domestik, dan kepemilikan publik berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap fraud financial statement. Sedangkan firm size memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan fraud financial statement. Dan Firm size sebagai variabel moderasi semakin memperkuat antara kepemilikan asing, kepemilikan domestik, dan kepemilikan publik terhadap fraud financial statement.
The effect of radical right fringe parties on main parties in Central and Eastern Europe: Empirical evidence from manifesto data

Do radical right fringe parties affect main parties in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)? Using data from the Manifesto Project, we analyze the relationship between radical right fringe parties’ and main parties’ policy programs regarding sociocultural issues in six post-communist countries of CEE. Even though radical right fringe parties have participated in government in several of these countries, and in Hungary a fringe party has become the country’s second largest party, our analysis shows that the sociocultural issues in radical right fringe party manifestos do not systematically relate to the changes in main party manifestos regarding those issues. Even if some of the main parties in our study might often agree with the radical right fringe parties, our analysis shows that the latter do not directly influence the policy priorities of the main parties.
Does farm animals experience emotions and feelings?

In recent years, there has been a great increase in the interest of "emotion" and how it can be studied and translated from animals. Emotions arise when the brain receives an external stimulus, while the feeling is a response to emotion and concerns how the individual feels before that emotion. Emotional states do not exist to be locked within an individual. Emotions are expressed in some way and have great importance for the welfare of animals, especially within the farm animal production chains. T he affective side of emotions is more difficult to be studied, however, it takes an effort to evaluate what is observable, registrable and measurable: behavioral and physiological measures that may indicate positive and negative emotional states. It is possible to use behavioral and even physiological information to analyze the feeling and, especially, the immediate emotion that triggers it in animals. T he aim of this article is to review the concepts and researches on emotions and feelings in farm animals that may be related to the expression of emotions. https://130486de-9855-fdf4-52f0d8dea89c53bf.filesusr. com/ugd/13b738_d4a02b2177034b8d9155a153736e67f8. pdf Qeios, CC-BY 4.0 · Article, March 8, 2020 Qeios ID: 5E0L6W · https://doi.org/10.32388/5E0L6W 1/1
Does Audit Committee Reduce Earnings Management in Banks? Evidence from Tunisian Context

In the business world, financial information disseminated by companies reveals an undeniable importance, and this is an unavoidable necessity for any decision- making of the various stakeholders (investors, lenders, customers, employees, public authorities, etc.). This study aims to determine the nature of the impact of the introduction of an audit committee on the financial reporting quality, in particular the earnings management, in the banking context. Through the static panel method and a sample of all Tunisian commercial banks, over a period from 2001 to 2014, the study shows, surprisingly, that the audit committee is a catalyst for earnings management.
Need for closure effect on collective action intentions and behavior toward immigrants in Italy: The mediation of binding foundations and political conservatism

Why are people (de)motivated to mobilize in favor of immigrants? Addressing this question, we investigated the role of individuals' epistemic motivation (i.e., need for closure) in influencing the process of becoming motivated to participate in collective action in favor of immigrants in Italy. Specifically, the mediational role of binding moral foundations and political conservatism in explaining the relationship between need for closure and collective action in favor of immigrants was examined in three studies. It was hypothesized that a heightened need for closure would be indirectly and negatively associated with collective action in favor of immigrants, sequentially mediated first through binding moral foundations and then political conservatism. We found support for this prediction when either dispositional measure (Study 1 and Study 2) or an experimental induction (Study 3) of need for closure were used, and when both collective action intentions (Study 1 and Study 3) and behavior (Study 2) were assessed. The results suggest that need for closure constitutes a powerful motivational force that leads individuals to engage in uncertainty-reducing evaluations and actions. We discuss these results regarding how they are related with previous work and their implications for research and practice.
OPTIMAL CAPITAL POLICY WITH IRREVERSIBLE INVESTMENT

Abstract : The paper analyzes investment policy for a firm which cannot disinvest faster than its capital depreciates. The model discussed assumes that there is a single capital good and that the firm's profit is a time-varying function of the size of the capital stock. Using methods of mathematical control theory it is shown that the optimal policy consists of alternating regimes in which positive gross investment is or is not undertaken; prices are derived which can be used as a guide to correct policies. These results are contrasted with the case where disinvestment is allowed (that is, where capital goods can be bought or sold by the firm at a fixed price). An alogrithm for finding the intervals where investment will take place is presented.
The effect of monetary policy on monthly and quarterly stock market returns: cross-country evidence and sensitivity analyses

Several studies report an empirical link between changes in monetary policy and short- as well as long-run stock market performance in the United States. Such findings are germane both to the study of market anomalies and to monetary policy transmission mechanisms. Previous univariate time-series results on long-run data, which use the discount rate as the main policy indicator, seem robust to alternative specifications of stock price returns given data on 16 countries from 1956 through 2000. However, out-of-sample tests indicate that the relation has largely decreased over time. Also, panel regressions, which notably include cross-sectional variance and therefore are particularly relevant to market participants, suggest that the relation is less sturdy, and consideration of excess as opposed to raw equity price returns in time-series regressions indicates no relation. Finally, alternative measures of central bank policy suggest a weaker and a diminished correlation between monetary policy changes and long-run stock market performance.
Opening dialogue : understanding the dynamics of language and learning in the English classroom

"Opening Dialogue: Understanding the Dynamics of Language and Learning in the English Classroom" promises to reorient our thinking about how younger adolescents and their teachers, talking together, compose shared understandings that contribute to individual students' learning. Presenting a new conceptual framework, Nystrand and his colleagues argue that people learn not merely by being spoken (or written) to, but by participating in communicative exchanges. Dozens of schools and thousands of students participated in the study reported here, under the auspices of the National Centre on Effective Secondary Schools. Its audience will include graduate education courses in language, literature, and literacy, teaching methods, quantitative research, teacher research, and educational psychology, as well as researchers, teachers and policymakers.
The Implementation of Project-based Learning and Guided Inquiry to Improve Science Process Skills and Student Cognitive Learning Outcomes

The aim of this research is to analyze the student’s science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes in implementing project-based learning and guided inquiry. The design used is quasiexperimental design. Sampling technique is matching pretest-posttest comparison group design. Data are analyzed using t-test and N-Gain. The result shows that it is statically differences between project-based learning and guided inquiry toward students’ science process skills (sig. 0.022 < 0.05) and cognitive learning outcomes (sig. 0.013 < 0.05). Project-based learning is more effective than a guided inquiry to increase the student’s science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes. Based on this research result, the teacher should be implemented the project-based learning to improve student’s science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes.
The impact of work incentives benefits counseling on employment outcomes of transition-age youth receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits

BACKGROUND: Work incentive benefits counseling has been shown to be a promising practice in vocational rehabilitation and has had a demonstrated impact on positive employment outcomes for adults with disabilities (Wilhelm & McCormick 2013). OBJECTIVE: In this study, the Wisconsin Promoting the Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE) demonstration project implemented a new model of work incentive benefits counseling targeting transition-age youth receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits including their families. METHODS: PROMISE youth and families received work incentive benefits counseling through a consultative approach and impact on employment outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Preliminary results indicate that youth who received work incentives benefits counseling (N = 535) had significantly higher work activity and explored a greater number of job opportunities, than youth who did not receive benefits counseling (N = 476). Additionally, 81% of PROMISE treatment youth with earnings above the Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) level had met with a benefits specialist at least once. CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the growing evidence demonstrating that work incentives benefits counseling positively influences employment and earnings outcomes for low-income transition-age youth with disabilities. Youth and families preferred the consultation approach, providing information as needed and meeting families where they
Self-Control: Determinants, Life Outcomes and Intergenerational Implications

This paper studies self-control in a nationally representative sample. Using the wellestablished Tangney scale to measure trait self-control, we find that people's age as well as the political and economic institutions they are exposed to have an economically meaningful impact on their level of self-control. A higher degree of self-control is, in turn, associated with better health, educational and labor market outcomes as well as greater financial and overall well-being. Parents' self-control is linked to reduced behavioral problems among their children. Importantly, we demonstrate that self-control is a key behavioral economic construct which adds significant explanatory power beyond other more commonly studied personality traits and economic preference parameters. Our results suggest that self-control is potentially a good target for intervention policies.
Synonym Selection as a Strategy of Stress Clash Avoidance

In this paper we argue that (near) synonymy can result in syntactic specialization, and we test the hypothesis that one major factor underlying such fixation may be rhythmic in nature. Thus, the analysis extends the study of the preference for alternating stressed and unstressed syllables (Schlüter, 2005) to lexical choices. We investigate the syntactic distribution of the (near-)synonymous adjective pairs rich vs. wealthy, fast/quick vs. rapid, glad vs. happy and shut vs. closed, showing that the monosyllabic members – or the one with a short syllable as opposed to a long syllable – tend to be underrepresented in prenominal position. Our hypothesis is that, due to the pervasiveness of initial stress in English nouns, monosyllabic adjectives tend to be avoided in prenominal position if they can be replaced by disyllabic equivalents. By extension, in the absence of such equivalents, other kinds of temporal spacing between stresses, such as long instead of short syllables, can satisfy the rhythmic requirement. Drawing on large historical as well as present-day corpora covering the 19th and 20th centuries (mainly COHA and COCA), we portray some relatively stable asymmetrical diachronic and synchronic distributions of these synonym pairs and triplets across attributive and predicative uses. The analysis will also point to potentially interacting factors, such as concomitant semantic specialization resulting from this syntactic fixation and the status of (fixed) collocations. The latter will be analysed in more diachronic depth on the basis of EEBO.
Social Exclusion and Mental Wellbeing in Older Romanians

In Romania, inequalities in health and wellbeing between younger and older Romanians are substantial, and an important reason for inequalities may be the higher risk of social exclusion among older adults. After the fall of Communism in 1989, the many transformations in economic structures and welfare regimes contributed to enhanced levels of social exclusion, in particular among the older generations. Social exclusion is a multidimensional problem with substantial effects on the mental wellbeing of people. The present study examines age differences in mental wellbeing and evaluates to what extent differences can be explained by age and social exclusion, while controlling for a number of potential confounders. Data are from the fourth wave (2016) of the European Quality of Life Survey. Data for Romania include 1004 people aged between 18 and 85 years old, of which 726 are included in the analyses (only complete cases). In the study sample, 259 were 55 years or older. Mental wellbeing was measured with The World Health Organization Wellbeing Index (WHO-5 scale), and social exclusion was measured in four domains: social relations, material resources, services and the neighbourhood. The results show that older Romanians have a statistically significant lower mental wellbeing than younger generations in Romania. All domains of social exclusion were associated with lower levels of mental wellbeing. These effects remained statistically significant after controlling for partner status, chronic diseases, having children, and level of education. Improving mental wellbeing of older Romanians would greatly benefit from increasing social inclusion by means of social transfers provided by the government, improving the neighbourhood and access to services, and providing facilities to enhance the social network.
Instruments for measuring cognitive reserve: A systematic review

The Cognitive Reserve (CR) construct seeks to explain the brain’s ability of compensate for degeneration caused by age or neuropathology. However, standardized measures of CR are incipient. Through a systematic review, this study aimed to investigate the instruments in the form of scales and questionnaires used as objective measures of CR, through the measurement of multiple variables related to activities conducted throughout the lifetime. The search for articles was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, PsycINFO, VHL and Cochrane databases. Seven studies were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The existence of five scales/questionnaires that measure CR was verified. The instruments present a short duration, however, they vary in the items/variables measured, there being a lack of in-depth studies with large and diversified samples. Further studies are needed to improve the validity evidence and to conduct cross-cultural adaptations of the CR scale/questionnaires.
Assistance to laparoscopic surgery through comanipulation

Traditional laparoscopic surgery brings advantages to patients but poses challenges to surgeons. The introduction of robots into surgical procedures overcomes some of the difficulties. In this work, we use the concept of comanipulation, where a 7-joint serial robotic arm serves as a comanipulator and generates force fields to assist surgeons.In order to implement functions like instrument gravity compensation, identifying real-time trocar position with respect to robot base is a prerequisite. Instead of obtaining trocar information from the registration step, we propose a robust trocar detection and localization algorithm based on least square method. Both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments validate its efficiency.Considering the characteristics of laparoscopic surgery, i.e., relatively large workspace and flexible operating objects, viscous fields are employed. To better adapt to different motion, we use a variable viscosity controller. However, this controller encounters an instability problem, which is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. A solution of adding a first order low pass filter is proposed to slow down the variation of the viscosity coefficient, whose efficiency is evidenced by a point-to-point targeting experiment.With real-time trocar position known, the “lever model”, a formula describing therelationship of the velocities and forces of different instrument points, can be established. This allows implementing viscosity controller without using noisy signals at the center points of instrument handle and tip. Another point-to-point movement experiment is conducted to compare the features of the controller influence on human motion behaviors.
Age Related Changes During Adulthood in Cognitive Processes Reliant on the Pre-Frontal Cortex: Attention, Inhibitory Control, Working Memory and Relational Processing

The frontal lobe hypothesis of ageing proposes that cognitive functions associated with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are more susceptible to age-related changes than those supported by other brain regions (e.g., Dempster, 1992; West, 1996). Age-related declines previously demonstrated in working memory (e.g., Bopp & Verhaeghen, 2005), inhibitory control (Dempster, 1992), executive attention (e.g., West, 2004) and fluid intelligence (Horn & Cattell, 1967), have been linked to changes in PFC functioning. Relational processing also depends on the integrity of the PFC (e.g., Christoff et al., 2001), but research on age-related declines in relational processing is limited (Andrews & Todd, 2008; Viskontas, Holyoak, & Knowlton, 2005; Viskontas, Morrison, Holyoak, Hummel, & Knowlton, 2004). Unlike previous research which tended to focus on a single construct, the current research investigated age-related changes in executive attention, inhibitory control, working memory and relational processing. Distinctions within three constructs were also of interest. Three aspects of inhibitory control (response inhibition, task-set switching and inhibition in memory retrieval) were examined. Relational processing was examined in four tasks, three of which involved items at two or more levels of complexity. Working memory was examined using simple span and complex span tasks. The test battery of 16 tasks assessed these constructs as well as speed of processing, crystallized and fluid intelligence, and frontal functioning (Tower of London). It was administered to a sample of 125 normally ageing adults who ranged in age from 18 years to 92 years with all age decades represented.
Regional Patterns in the Law of One Price: The Roles of Geography vs. Currencies

We find evidence that the law of one price (LOOP) holds more nearly for country pairs that are within geographic regions than for country pairs that are not. These findings are established using disaggregated consumer price data from 23 countries (including data from eight North American cities). We find that failures of LOOP are closely related to nominal exchange rate variability, suggesting a link to sticky nominal prices. We also find that distance can explain failures of LOOP, suggesting the failures arise from imperfect market integration. However, these two sources do not explain all of the failure of LOOP. We speculate that integrated marketing and distribution systems within regions cause LOOP to hold more nearly intraregionally. We present a formal model of marketing and distribution to illustrate this hypothesis.