Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitude and Perception of Intimate Partner Violence among Women in Military and Civilian Communities in Abuja Nigeria

This was a descriptive comparative study of attitude towards intimate partner violence (IPV) involving 260 female intimate partners of military and civilian men in Abuja, Nigeria. More civilian respondents than the military believed in total submission of a wife to her husband’s views (p = 0.000), frowned at wife beating (p = 0.000), supported sexual assertiveness by women (p = 0.006) and believed that a wife should satisfy her partner sexually, (p = 0.000). More military respondents than civilians preferred family matters to be kept confidential (p = 0.000). Addressing IPV requires immediate and long term commitment and strategies to the attitude of both the women and their husbands.
RELIABILITY OF THE SELF-REPORT QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS

Questionnaire for the assessment of the level of physical activity and leisure-time activities of pupils of the final four years of primary school. Methods: The survey was carried out on a sample of 847 grade 5 - 8 primary school pupils (413 girls and 434 boys) aged 11 - 15. The questionnaire collecting information on how pupils spent their free time in the previous 7 days was administered to pupils during the homeroom period. The pupils were instructed on how to fill out the questionnaire upon which they filled the questionnaire. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, the test-retest method was used on 69 randomly selected subjects (32 boys and 37 girls). The test was conducted by administering the questionnaire to the selected subjects twice within a 15-day period. Results: The results obtained using the test-retest method showed a stable reliability of the questionnaire, ranging from r =0.71 to r =0.81 of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The Cronbach's alpha values were relatively satisfactory for this type of questionnaire at α =0.70, while the 95% confidence interval ranged from 0.67 to 0.73. The interclass correlation coefficient was also relatively high at 0.7. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the criterion-related reliability between the weekly frequency of the activities and the estimated time spent on particular activities over the seven-day period. In the first measurement the correlation for kinesiological activities was r =0.82, and for non-kinesiological activities the measured correlation was r =0.75. The correlation was slightly lower in the second measurement, but it was still statistically significant. For kinesiological activities it was r =0.71 and the correlation coefficient for non-kinesiological activities was r =0.63. Conclusion: Reliability of the designed questionnaire is very high and it can be used to collect reliable information on how pupils in the final four years of primary school spend their leisure time. This type of questionnaire should be further developed before it can be used in epidemiological studies aimed at obtaining relevant leisure-time indicators for school children.
Economic Freedom and Economic Crisis

In this paper, I explore the politically contested association between the degree of capitalism, captured by measures of economic freedom, and the risk and characteristics of economic crisis. After offering some brief theoretical considerations, I estimate the effects of economic freedom on crisis risk in the post-Cold War period 1993-2010. I further estimate the effects on the duration, peak-to-trough GDP ratios and recovery times of 212 crises across 175 countries within this period. Estimates suggest that economic freedom is robustly associated with smaller peak-to-trough ratios and shorter recovery time. These effects are driven by regulatory components of the economic freedom index.
Different responses of northern and southern high latitude ionospheric convection to IMF rotations: a case study based on SuperDARN observations

Abstract. We use SuperDARN data to study high-latitude ionospheric convection over a three hour period (starting at 22:00 UT on 2 January 2003), during which the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) flipped between two states, one with B y >>| B z | and one with B z >0, both with negative B x . We find, as expected from previous works, that day side ionospheric convection is controlled by the IMF in both hemispheres. For strongly northward IMF, we observed signatures of two reverse cells, both in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), due to lobe reconnection. On one occasion, we also observed in the NH two viscous cells at the sides of the reverse cell pair. For duskward IMF, we observed in the NH a large dusk clockwise cell, accompanied by a smaller dawn cell, and the signature of a corresponding pattern in the SH. On two occasions, a three cell pattern, composed of a large clockwise cell and two viscous cells, was observed in the NH. As regards the timings of the NH and SH convection reconfigurations, we find that the convection reconfiguration from a positive B z dominated to a positive B y dominated pattern occurred almost simultaneously (i.e. within a few minutes) in the two hemispheres. On the contrary, the reconfiguration from a B y dominated to a northward IMF pattern started in the NH 8–13 min earlier than in the SH. We suggest that part of such a delay can be due to the following mechanism: as IMF B x
Influence of different concentration of heavy metals on the seed germination and growth of tomato

Some heavy metals in higher doses may cause metabolic disorders and growth inhibition for most of the plant species. This study was performed in order to evaluate two tomato varieties (Barakat and Local tomato) response to ordinary Heavy Metals (Fe, Pb and Cu) in northern of Iran. Five doses (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1%) of lead acetate, cupric carbonate and ferric chloride were investigated. The experiment was conducted under 12±2h photoperiodic laboratory condition in a laboratory germinator. Results showed that the reaction of varieties to different heavy metal compounds and those doses is varied and Barakat variety has greater resistance in more indices. Also, heavy metals kind and different doses of these compounds affected the germination and some growth indices. In this experiment the highest inhibition on shoot length 2.66 cm, root/ shoot ratio 0.87, moisture content 0.31 g, fresh weight 0.32 g and dry weight 0.059 g were obtained from Fe compound, however; had not significance different with other heavy metal compounds in case of root length 3.39 cm and coefficient of germination velocity 0.27% (P≤0.05). Also, dose of 1% appeared highest undesirable effect on all evaluated indexes.
A Comprehensive Study on the Effect of Roasting and Frying on Fatty Acids Profiles and Antioxidant Capacity of Almonds, Pine, Cashew, and Pistachio

The aim is to evaluate the effects of frying and roasting on nuts. Frying and roasting were performed according to the local Jordanian home-made cuisine, and the nuts under experiment were raw almonds, pine, cashew, and pistachio. Nuts samples were roasted at 110°C for 16 minutes and fried at 175°C for 2.5 minutes. The results show that both roasting and frying of nuts did not affect the flavonoids content except for roasted pistachios where significant rise of flavonoids content was detected. Total phenolic content showed no significant differences except for pine nuts in which it increased significantly in both roasting and frying. Oxidative stability, presented by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), was significantly different in all nuts except for pistachio nuts that have shown no differences. Fatty acids profile, presented by saturated fatty acids (SFA), oleic acid (OL), and essential fatty acids (EFA), was affected significantly by roasting and frying, especially for SFA in almonds and pine nuts and α-linoleic acid (ALA) contents of pine. In conclusion, the effects of roasting and frying on the aforementioned nuts species were positive for fatty acids profile and antioxidants activity.
Contrastive Studies of Pun in Figures of Speech

Contrastive Studies of Pun in Figures of Speech. Pun as a figure of speech uses a word or phrase to get two meanings: literal meaning and connotation meaning so as to achieve humorous or sarcastic sense. There are many similarities between English and Chinese but in many ways they are different, while people always subconsciously consider them as equal and use them in any occasions. To solve these problems, this thesis solves them through the contrastive study of English and Chinese rhetorical figure-pun. By analyzing and comparing English and Chinese puns in some typical sentences and dialogues through semantic, pragmatic, cultural perspectives, partial tone, forms, meanings and so on. This thesis show that pun between English and Chinese exists lots of similarities and differences from different perspectives. Through all the endeavors done in this thesis, a better understanding of both languages and cultures, and smoother translation would be obtained. Whats more, people can use puns in English and Chinese languages properly so as to eliminate unnecessary misunderstandings when communicating with others.
Bayesian Model Averaging in Vector Autoregressive Processes with an Investigation of Stability of the US Great Ratios and Risk of a Liquidity Trap in the USA , UK and Japan . Econometric Institute Report EI 2007-11

A Bayesian model averaging procedure is presented within the class of vector autoregressive (VAR) processes and applied to two empirical issues. First, stability of the Great Ratios in U.S. macro-economic time series is investigated, together with the presence and e¤ects of permanent shocks. Measures on manifolds are employed in order to elicit uniform priors on subspaces de ned by particular structural features of linear VARs. Second, the VAR model is extended to include a smooth transition function in a (monetary) equation and stochastic volatility in the disturbances. The risk of a liquidity trap in the USA, UK and Japan is evaluated, together with the expected cost of a policy adjustment of central banks. Posterior probabilities of di¤erent models are evaluated using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques.
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Acquisition versus Greenfield Investment versus Export in an International Oligopoly with Heterogeneous Firms Ben Ferrett WP 2012-03

Foreign-owned rms exhibit widely-documented productivity advantages over domestic rms. Building on this stylized fact, we model the relationships between FDI ows and productivity di¤erences across rms within an international oligopoly. Industrial structure is determined endogenously, and both green eldand acquisition-FDI are allowed for. The technology gap between rms interacts with localized spillovers to determine green eld-FDI incentives and with within- rm technology transfer to determine the pro tability of acquisition-FDI. Green eldand acquisition-FDI also a¤ect the profitability of entry into the industry di¤erently. We contrast our results with the insights of Dunnings well-known OLI framework on the causes of FDI ows. Keywords: acquisition-FDI; green eld-FDI; technology transfer; spillovers; foreign-owned rms productivity advantages. JEL classi cations: F23; L13; O33. Ben Ferrett School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK. E-mail: b.e. ferrett@lboro.ac. uk
A Novel Solution for Biogas Applications in Poultry Industry: CLAMBS approach

Chicken manure has high solid and high ammonia content which dictates the dilution of feed material with huge amount of freshwater in order to minimize ammonia toxicity, if it is to be digested alone. In this study, a novel approach is presented to significantly minimize fresh water need for biogas application and to eliminate the construction of costly digestate storage tanks. For this purpose, membrane process which allows recycling of digestate after ammonia removal was integrated to the conventional biogas system. Therefore, the selection of proper membranes for the removal of ammonia from digestate was carried out by testing six different types of Nano Filtration (NF) membranes (NF270, NF245, NF200, NF90, NF-NF, NP010) and three different types of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes (BW30, SW30, X20) in cross flow microfiltration experiments. The performance of the membranes was tested by monitoring parameters such as pH, conductivity, COD, TN, NO2-N, NO3-N, TP in the permeate under various operating conditions. NF90 (83%) and X20 (92%) type membranes were found to be most effective for the removal of TN from the digestate. Moreover, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal efficiency reached up to 99% for both NF90 and X20 membrane.
A RADIO TELEMETRY STUDY OF MOVEMENT IN THE GIANT TASMANIAN FRESHWATER CRAYFISH, ASTACOPSIS GOULDI.

The movements of eight adult Tasmanian giant crayfish, Astacopsis gouldi, (carapace lengths: 120-191 mm) were recorded using radio telemetry. Transmitters were attached to the animals' carapaces and their positions were fixed at least daily. Tracking durations varied from 14-144 days, depending on the life span of the transmitters. All animals showed substantial periods of inactivity, lasting from 1 to 10 days; in one animal, inactivity appeared to be related to brooding. Activity was not strongly nocturnal, and when active, the animals moved large distances. One animal covered 700m in a single night, and the stream lengths over which animals were active during the 5-month study ranged from 90-2200m. Animals often returned to the same refuge after excursions.
Development of Breast Tissue Phantoms for Enhanced Terahertz Imaging Utilizing Microdiamond and Nano-Onion Particles

This thesis presents the work performed to develop tissue phantoms and a contrast agent that will be used in future research of terahertz time-domain imaging of breast tumor margins. Since an excised breast tumor can contain healthy fibrous and fatty tissues along with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), three phantom materials were developed. Solid phantom materials were made by using TX151 to solidify water in order to tune the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the fibrous tissue phantom and IDC phantom to the properties of freshly excised breast tissue. Various amounts of olive oil were added to the water prior to solidification to achieve these properties. As the fat tissue phantom required too much olive oil, a commercially available material was found that match the optical properties of fresh breast tissue. Both the refractive index and the absorption coefficient of the three phantoms were verified through the use of timedomain terahertz spectroscopy performed on the pulsed terahertz system at the University of Arkansas. The proposed terahertz contrast agent was chosen from a group of carbon-based particles which included high pressure, high temperature synthetic diamond particles and onion-like carbon (OLC). To test the contrast agent, polyethylene tablets containing a known concentration of these particles were characterized using the time-domain terahertz spectroscopy. Two sizes of OLC (100-200nm) and five sizes of diamond particles (1-150um) were tested to determine the effects of varying particles sizes. Additionally, diamond particles with three types of treatments (pristine, irradiated and irradiated-annealed) were tested to determine what effects, if any, the treatments had. The particles effeteness as a contrast agent in lossy phantom tissue was tested by incorporating them into IDC phantoms. The results show that the 100nm OLC had potential as a terahertz contrast agent in breast cancer.
The Effects of Cropping Systems on Avian Communities in Cacao and Banana Agro‐Forestry Systems of Talamanca, Costa Rica

Multispecies agro‐forestry is generally lauded for providing ecosystem services, especially in tropical environments. Avian communities contribute to services such as biodiversity and pest management. Characterizing and evaluating avian community composition in similar cropping systems will help optimize management for ecosystem services. We examined the relationship between cropping system vegetation and avian communities in four shaded agro‐forestry systems common to the Limón province of Costa Rica: abandoned and managed systems of cacao, cacao with banana, and banana. During two field seasons, we detected 2605 birds from 106 species and identified 2791 trees and shrubs from 62 morphospecies. We compared vegetation and avian species richness across systems with mixed‐effects linear models. Canopy, understory, and groundcover vegetation differed among agro‐forestry systems. More ground‐ and understory‐foraging forest species were detected in agro‐forestry systems lacking banana, whereas richness of agricultural generalist species was highest in systems with banana. Richness of understory‐ and ground‐foraging species correlated with understory tree species richness and leaf litter. Our results indicate that shaded cacao and banana systems can have similar canopy‐foraging species richness that includes both agricultural and woodland generalist species, but that interspersing banana with cacao can adversely influence understory forest bird community composition. Agro‐forests with diverse understory vegetation support more understory‐foraging bird species that have proven valuable in pest management.
Exoplanetary Atmospheric Characterization Using Polarimetry and Other Radiative Transfer Modeling Problems

This thesis deals with a pair of current problems with the remote sensing of planetary atmospheres. First is the modeling of polarization of scattered light from the atmospheres of exoplanets. With the first such observations becoming possible in the last year, there is a need to understand what these measurements actually mean. To that end, we developed families of radiative transfer models that simulate polarized phase curves for different atmospheric scenarios on hot Jupiters. These models were then used in the interpretation of scattered light from HD 189733b and WASP 12b, two hot Jupiter exoplanets, to determine their albedos and gauge what type of scattering particles might be present in their atmospheres. The last part of this half deals with observing oceans on distant Earth-like exoplanets using polarization from glint off the water surface. Though this measurement is not possible with current telescopes, but it may become accessible in the next decade with a slew of high powered ground and space telescopes in the pipeline. The second half of the thesis is devoted to the development of a fast radiative transfer model. The goal of this model is to be able to process the massive amounts of data coming in from Earth observing satellites such as GOSAT and OCO-2 in a timely and accurate manner. We refined the principal component analysis based fast radiative transfer model to be accurate enough to retrieve carbon dioxide concentrations to the part per million accuracy that is necessary to track spatial and temporal changes in this important greenhouse gas.
Methodology for Numerical Modeling the Performance of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

The aerodynamics of the Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) is characterized by its pronounced unsteadiness, mainly due to the constantly changing angular position of their blades during the machine operation. This is the main reason for the constant changes in the values of the relative velocity of the air flow acting on the rotor blades and the Reynolds number. The complex unsteady flow through the rotor of a VAWT at the majority of the cases is impossible to be investigated with the classical aerodynamic models like the streamtube and the vortex models [1, 2]. This problem can be avoided by using a numerical modeling approach – Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The CFD modeling allows the precise modeling of the flow (vortex structures, three-dimensional effect, strut influence etc.). The conduction of a CFD modeling provides data about the flow such as, velocity fields, pressure, temperature etc. Also it allows us to visualize these results by using multicolor fields, isolines/surfaces, visualizing the flow trajectories by uncontentious lines or vector fields. The results acquired from a CFD modeling can be compared to those obtained by experimental study in an aerodynamic channel, thus leading to significant reduction in the expenses for experimental investigations. CFD modeling is considerably computational expensive approach. Even when investigating a relatively simple problem the hardware and computational time demands are high. Furthermore the accuracy of the results is hard to be evaluated in the absence or scarce of experimental data related to the studied problems.
CARDIFF SCHOOL OF SPORT!

Background: It is known that excessive inversion and plantar flexion are the main cause for lateral ankle sprains; these injuries are the highest occurrences within netball players. Various injury prevention programmes have been conducted in netball, although these have been unsuccessful. Studies have found ankle stability and proprioception to be inhibited following an injury; the rehabilitation process is essential to overcome this. Balance training is an important element to help improve stability, proprioception and neuromuscular control at the ankle. It can be seen that, through rehabilitation, ankle stability can be restored; therefore it could be argued that improving ankle stability earlier, could prevent an injury occurring. Aim: The main focus of this study was to investigate whether ankle stability has a greater improvement by performing prehabilitation barefoot, compared to wearing athletic trainers. Methods: Twenty participants, injury free, from Cardiff Metropolitan University Netball teams volunteered to take part in this study. Ethical approval and informed consent was obtained prior to the study. Initial data collected from the subjects included height, weight, age and limb length. The star excursion balance test was conducted in week one, to gather a baseline measure of ankle stability in all subjects. The participants were then split into two groups; the control group wore trainers, and the experimental group were barefoot. All volunteers took part in the same prehabilitation programme for six weeks; the only difference being the footwear conditions. In week eight, following the six week programme, all participants completed post testing in order to collect comparative data; post testing followed the same procedure as in week one. Data analysis was then conducted to investigate differences between the participants pre and post data, and also to research differences between the control group and experimental group. Results: Firstly, the baseline data for each participant was evaluated to ensure there was no significant differences before training was implemented. Following data analysis, it could be seen that the prehabilitation programme was effective by improving all participants ankle stability. Further investigation then showed that the experimental group (barefoot) had a greater overall percentage improvement than the control group (trainers). Each participants’ results were then calculated relative to leg length; using this data, the same data analysis was conducted. These results mimicked the previous results, where data was not normalised to leg length. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that subjects who participated in prehabilitation barefoot, had greater improvements in stability. Overall, highlighting that in order to reduce the risk of ankle injuries, ankle stability and proprioception are best enhanced by barefoot activity. It would now be useful for this