Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the information flow: partners of women with breast cancer, patients, and healthcare professionals.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To explore the information flow between partners of women with breast cancer and patients and between partners and healthcare professionals (HCPs). DESIGN Descriptive. SETTING Community-based. SAMPLE 109 partners of women with breast cancer. METHODS Subjects completed a 30-item, self-administered questionnaire that was designed to identify the informational flow between them and their information providers. Subjects also completed the Miller Behavioral Style Scale to determine the informational coping styles of individuals under threat. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLE Informational flow between partners and patients and partners and HCPs. FINDINGS The majority of partners received information from patients and were satisfied with the amount of time they spent discussing breast cancer topics. Few partners thought that patients avoided giving them information. A significant association existed between the informational coping styles of partners and the communication flow between partners and patients. The majority of partners sought information from other sources. In addition, the majority of partners accompanied patients to their medical consultations and received information from HCPs. The communication flow among partners, patients, and HCPs largely depended on the amount of communication desired by the woman with breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new evidence on the information flow and communication patterns between partners and patients and between partners and HCPs. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Partners may have informational needs that are not met by patients. Therefore, nurses need to provide them with information to help satisfy their needs. In addition, nurses can help satisfy the informational needs of partners by encouraging good two-way communication and informational exchange between partners and patients.
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: Case report with review on role of imaging in diagnosis

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a locally aggressive benign vascular neoplasm, composed of vasogenic and myofibroblastic elements, accounts for 0.05-0.5% of all the head and neck neoplasms. There are very few case reports of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma involving the oral cavity; we report a case involving both the maxilla and mandible in a 17-year-old patient who reported with a large firm swelling on right side of face with recurrent epistaxis and headache. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed a large lobulated enhancing soft tissue mass, which was hypointense on T1-weighted image and heterogeneously hyperintense on T2-weighted image causing expansion of pterygopalatine fossa and sphenopalatine foramen with extension into the sphenoid sinus, ethmoid air cells, right nasal cavity, right infratemporal fossa and right maxillary sinus with remodeling of right zygomatic arch and part of body and ramus of mandible. It was supplied by the right external carotid artery. Patient was referred to the department of neurosurgery for further management. The diagnosis at an early stage is important because it is associated with high risk of morbidity, but advances in imaging, and surgical methods of treatment have changed the sites associated with high risk of morbidity.
Intervention Within Days for Some Orbital Floor Fractures: The White‐Eyed Blowout

Summary: Management of blowout fractures involving the orbital floor has been controversial over the past several decades. One school of thought recommends conservative treatment for 4 to 6 months while another recommends a 'wait and watch' period of 2 weeks before intervention. The authors have encountered a group of patients with such fractures, commonly children (less than 16 years of age), who have sustained a blow to the periocular area, yet have marked motility restrictions in up and down gaze, minimal soft tissue signs of trauma, lack of enophthalmos, and very minimal evidence of floor disruption on radiologic exam. A 2-week waiting period has been found to be of little benefit in these persons and possibly harmful to their motility. We advocate surgery within the first few days after injury as it may help to avoid permanent motility restriction. The authors have termed this entity 'the white-eyed blowout fracture.
Identification and Levels of Airborne Fungi in Portuguese Primary Schools

Several studies found associations between exposure to airborne fungi and allergy, infection, or irritation. This study aimed to characterize airborne fungi populations present in public primary schools in Porto, Portugal, during winter through quantification and identification procedures. Fungal concentration levels and identification were obtained in a total of 73 classrooms. The AirIdeal portable air sampler was used in combination with chloramphenicol malt extract agar. Results showed a wide range of indoor fungi levels, with indoor concentrations higher than outdoors. The most prevalent fungi found indoors were Penicillium sp. (>70%) and Cladosporium sp. As evidence indicates that indoor fungal exposures plays a role in asthma clinical status, these results may contribute to (1) promoting and implementing public health prevention programs and (2) formulating recommendations aimed at providing healthier school environments.
Concurrent occurrence of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands with small cell carcinoma of the liver: A rare case report

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a clinically deceptive and histologically specific malignancy of salivary gland origin. It is the most common minor salivary gland malignancy. Small cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of undifferentiated malignant neuroendocrine tumor reported rarely in the liver. Though there are many reported cases of SCC involving liver and ACC of minor salivary glands, the review of literature does not show any reports of concomitant occurrence of these two tumors. We describe a rare case of ACC of the oral cavity and its coexistence with a SCC involving liver, identified and confirmed by histological, and immunohistochemical observations. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an ACC of the oral cavity and SCC of liver occurring concomitantly in the same patient.
The Nature of Declarative and Nondeclarative Knowledge for Implicit and Explicit Learning

Abstract Using traditional implicit and explicit artificial-grammar learning tasks, the author investigated the similarities and differences between the acquisition of declarative knowledge under implicit and explicit learning conditions and the functions of the declarative knowledge during testing. Results suggested that declarative knowledge was not predictive of or required for implicit learning but was related to consistency in implicit learning performance. In contrast, declarative knowledge was predictive of and required for explicit learning and was related to consistency in performance. For explicit learning, the declarative knowledge functioned as a guide for other behavior. In contrast, for implicit learning, the declarative knowledge did not serve as a guide for behavior but was instead a post hoc description of the most commonly seen stimuli.
Detection of Platelet Antibodies by a Newly Developed Mixed Agglutination with Platelets

Abstract. We have developed a mixed passive haemagglutination test for the detection of platelet antibodies. This test is essentially a combination of a modified test of mixed agglutination and reversed passive haemagglutination. Using this test, platelet allo‐antibodies (HLA antibodies and non‐HLA antibodies) were found to be detected with very high sensitivity in the sera of pregnant women and transfused patients. The platelet crossmatch test was performed for patients who had to receive massive platelet transfusion. There was a good correlation between the result of the crossmatch and clinical platelet recovery.
Intraindividual cognitive variability before and after sports-related concussion.

OBJECTIVE Inconsistent performance is associated with cognitive dysfunction in a number of clinical populations. However, intraindividual cognitive variability in healthy individuals is poorly understood. Inconsistency poses a challenge to clinicians when interpreting change over time. This study examined intraindividual cognitive variability within a sample of college athletes tested at baseline and postconcussion. METHOD Athletes (n = 71) and control participants (n = 42) were tested with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery at baseline and postconcussion (athletes) or one month later (controls). A subset of indices with high internal consistency was used to calculate overall performance and performance variability. A k-means cluster analysis of baseline and postconcussion performance variability examined heterogeneity within the sample. RESULTS In the athlete sample, performance variability was significantly greater than zero, and was negatively correlated with overall performance at both time points (p < .001). Wechsler Test of Adult Reading Full Scale IQ estimate was significantly correlated with overall performance (p < .01), but not with performance variability. Cluster analysis revealed low-variability (n = 46) and high-variability (n = 25) cluster groups. Whereas the low-variability cluster group exhibited a pattern of performance similar to that of control participants, membership in the high-variability cluster group was associated with postconcussion cognitive dysfunction. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that normative cognitive performance in college athletes is characterized by significant intraindividual variation across tests. Cross-test intraindividual variability may impart clinically meaningful information, as higher levels of variability were related to poorer overall performance and postconcussion cognitive dysfunction.
KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIORS RELATED TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN MALAWI

Background: There are limited data on knowledge and behaviors related to COVID-19, and on the adoption of preventive behaviors, in sub-Saharan countries. Methods: Between April 25th and May 23rd, we contacted 793 individuals aged 18 and older, who previously participated in studies conducted in the Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in Karonga District, Malawi. During an interview by mobile phone, we ascertained sources of information about COVID-19 and we evaluated knowledge of respondents about the transmission and course of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. We also asked them to evaluate their own risk of infection and severe illness. Finally, we inquired about the preventive measures they had adopted in response to the pandemic. We describe patterns of knowledge and behaviors among survey respondents, by area of residence (rural vs. urban). Results: We interviewed 630 respondents (79.5% response rate) which included 260 men and 370 women. Four hundred and eighty-nine respondents resided in rural areas (77.6%) and 141 resided in urban areas (22.4%). Only one respondent had never heard of COVID-19. Respondents reported on average 4 distinct sources of information about COVID-19. Misconceptions about the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and about the course and severity of COVID-19, were common. For example, two thirds of respondents believed that everyone with COVID-19 would eventually become severely ill. Increased hand washing and avoiding crowds were the most reported strategies to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Use of face masks was more common among urban residents (22.5%) than among rural residents (5.0%). Conclusion: Despite widespread access to information about the COVID-19 pandemic, gaps in knowledge about COVID-19 persist in this population. The adoption of preventive strategies remains limited, possibly due to limited perceived risk of infection among a large fraction of the population.
Knowledge, attitudes, and fear of COVID-19 during the Rapid Rise Period in Bangladesh

Objectives: To determine the level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) related to COVID-19 preventive health habits and perception of Fear towards COVID-19 in subjects living in Bangladesh. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional survey of (n= 2157) male and female subjects, 13-90 years of age, living in Bangladesh. Methods: Ethical Approval and Trial registration were obtained prior to the commencement of the study. Subjects who volunteered to participate and signed the informed consent were enrolled in the study and completed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCS). Results: Twenty-eight percent (28.69%) of subjects reported one or more COVID-19 symptoms and 21.4% of subjects reported one or more comorbidities. Knowledge scores were slightly higher in males (8.75, SD 1.58) than females (8.66, SD 1.70). Knowledge was significantly correlated with age (p<.005), an education level (p<.001), Attitude (p<.001), and urban location (p<.001). Knowledge scores showed an inverse correlation with Fear scores (p<.001). Eighty-three percent (83.7%) of subjects with COVID-19 symptoms reported wearing a mask in public and 75.4% of subjects reported staying away from crowded places. Subjects with one or more symptoms reported higher Fear compared to subjects without (18.73, SD 4.6; 18.45, SD 5.1). Conclusions: Overall, Bangladeshis reported a high prevalence of self-isolation, positive preventive health behaviors related to COVID-19, and moderate to high fear levels. Higher Knowledge and Practice were found in males, higher education levels, older age, and urban location. Fear of COVID-19 was more prevalent in female and elderly subjects. Positive Attitude was reported for the majority of subjects, reflecting the belief that COVID-19 was controllable and containable.
Possible Loss of GABAergic Inhibition in Mice With Induced Adenomyosis and Treatment With Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Attenuates the Loss With Improved Hyperalgesia

We have previously reported that induction of adenomyosis in mice results in progressive hyperalgesia, uterine hyperactivity, and elevated plasma corticosterone levels and that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) treatment dose dependently suppressed myometrial infiltration and improved generalized hyperalgesia. In this study, we examined whether adenomyosis induced in mice results in the loss of GABAergic inhibition as manifested by the diminished glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65-expressing neurons in the brainstem nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) that could correlate with heightened hyperalgesia. We also evaluated whether EGCG treatment would reverse these changes and also improve the expression of some proteins known to be involved in adenomyosis. Adenomyosis was induced in 28 female ICR mice and additional 12 were used as blank controls, as reported previously. At the 16th week, all mice with induced adenomyosis received low- or high-dose EGCG treatment or untreated. Mice without adenomyosis received no treatment. After 3 weeks of treatment, their uterine horns and brains were harvested. The right uterine horn was used for immunohistochemistry analysis and for counting the number of macrophages infiltrating into the ectopic endometrium. The brainstem NRM sections were subjected to immunofluorescence staining for GAD65. We found that mice with induced adenomyosis had significantly diminished GAD65-expressing neurons, concomitant with heightened hyperalgesia. Treatment with EGCG increased these neurons in conjunction with improved hyperalgesia, reduced the expression of p-p65, cycloxygenase 2, oxytocin receptor, collagen I and IV, and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 in ectopic endometrium or myometrium, reduced the number of macrophages infiltrating into the ectopic endometrium while elevated the expression of progesterone receptor isoform B. Thus, adenomyosis-induced pain resembles neuropathic pain in that there is a remarkable central plasticity.
Introduction to and spread of COVID-19 in care homes in Norfolk, UK

BACKGROUND: Residential care homes for the elderly have been important settings for transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 disease. METHODS: We undertook a secondary analysis of a dataset about 248 care homes in the county of Norfolk, eastern England. The dataset recorded categories of staff (nurses, care workers and non-care workers), their status (available, absent due to leave or sickness and extra staff needed to address the coronavirus pandemic) in the period 6 April -6 May 2020. Counts of residents (if any) at each care home with COVID-19 were also available, as well as descriptions of access by the home to personal protection equipment (PPE: gloves, masks, eye protection, aprons and Sanitiser). PPE access was categorised as (most to least) green, amber or red. We undertook two stage modelling, first for any detection of COVID-19 in the homes, and a second model to relate any increases in case counts after introduction to staffing or PPE levels. RESULTS: We found that the counts of non-care workers had strongest relationships (and only link significant at p < 0.05) to any introduction of SARS-CoV-2 to the homes. After a home had at least one detected case, higher staff levels and more severe PPE shortages were most linked to higher case counts (p < 0.05) during the monitoring period. CONCLUSION: Better managing aspects of staff interaction with residents and some working practices should help reduce ingression to and spread of COVID-19 within residential homes for the elderly.
Bioactive Compounds from a Gorgonian Coral Echinomuricea sp. (Plexauridae)

A new labdane-type diterpenoid, echinolabdane A (1), and a new sterol, 6-epi-yonarasterol B (2), were isolated from a gorgonian coral identified as Echinomuricea sp. The structures of metabolites 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Echinolabdane A (1) possesses a novel tetracyclic skeleton with an oxepane ring jointed to an α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactone ring by a hemiketal moiety, and this compound is the first labdane-type diterpenoid to be obtained from marine organisms belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. 6-epi-Yonarasterol B (2) is the first steroid derivative to be isolated from gorgonian coral belonging to the genus Echinomuricea, and this compound displayed significant inhibitory effects on the generation of superoxide anions and the release of elastase by human neutrophils.
Tenckhoff Catheter Salvage by Closed Stiff-Wire Manipulation without Fluoroscopic Control

Objective To describe the results of Tenckhoff catheter salvage by a modified, closed, stiff-wire manipulation technique without the use of general anesthesia or fluoroscopy, and compare this with previously described techniques. Design Retrospective study in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) over a 41-month period. Setting Renal unit in an inner city hospital. Patients Eighteen patients using CAPD who had 22 episodes of outflow failure due to radiologically confirmed malposition of straight two-cuff Tenckhoff catheters. Interventions Closed stiff-wire manipulation of malpositioned Tenckhoff catheter without the use of general anesthesia or fluoroscopy. Main Outcome Measures Initial success rate of manipulation, catheter and technique (CAPD) survival, and procedure-related complications. Results Catheter manipulation was technically successful in 21 of 22 cases. An additional six episodes of malposition occurred ranging from 2 to 630 days after the primary manipulation (median 7 days). A second manipulation was carried out in four cases that resulted in long-term success in two. Three patients were forced to discontinue CAPD for reasons other than catheter malposition, and the overall success rate at 1 month (patient successfully performing CAPD) was 59.1% (±0.1 %). No major complications were experienced during the procedure and no episodes of peritonitis occurred. Conclusion The technique described is relatively straightforward, does not require fluoroscopy or general anesthetic, and its success is comparable to previously reported methods of Tenckhoff catheter salvage. We would recommend this technique of catheter salvage in patients with Tenckhoff catheter malposition in whom conservative treatment has failed.
Platelet‐derived growth factor induces chemotaxis of neuroepithelial stem cells

The ability of differentiating cells to migrate within the developing central nervous system (CNS) depends on extrinsic guidance signals, some of which are growth factors. In this study we have investigated the chemotactic response of cultured stem cells from the embryonic rat cortex to platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF). Nestin‐positive stem cells from the developing CNS can be maintained and expanded in vitro under serum‐free conditions in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Northern blot analysis of PDGF receptor expression revealed both α‐ and β‐receptors on bFGF‐treated neural stem cells. Both PDGF‐AA and PDGF‐BB readily induced directed migration of cultured neuroepithelial cells as measured in a microchemotaxis assay. Blocking of the migratory response was achieved by incubation with PDGF isoform‐specific antibodies. More than 90% of the migrating cells were nestin‐positive and incorporation of BrdU was also seen suggesting the cells to be immature and not yet committed to a specific cell lineage. These findings suggest a role for PDGF in cell migration in the developing cortex. J. Neurosci. Res. 53:521–530, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RNase E‐based degradosome modulates polyadenylation of mRNAs after Rho‐independent transcription terminators in Escherichia coli

Here we demonstrate that the RNase E‐based degradosome is required for poly(A) polymerase I (PAP I)‐dependent polyadenylation after Rho‐independent transcription terminators for both mono‐ and polycistronic transcripts. Disruption of degradosome assembly in mutants lacking the polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) binding domain led to a significant increase in the level of PNPase synthesized polynucleotide tails in the rpsJ and rpsM polycistronic transcripts and the lpp monocistronic transcript. The polynucleotide tails were mostly located within the coding sequences in the degradosome mutants compared to the wild type control where the majority of the PAP I synthesized poly(A) tails were after the Rho‐independent transcription terminators. For the Rho terminated metNIQ operon, the tails for all three mRNAs were predominately polynucleotide and were located within the coding sequences in both wild type and degradosome mutant strains. Furthermore, by employing a pnp‐R100D point mutant that encodes a catalytically inactive PNPase protein that still forms intact degradosomes, we show that a catalytically active PNPase is required for normal mRNA polyadenylation by PAP I. Our data suggest that polyadenylation requires a functional degradosome to maintain an equilibrium between free PNPase and the PAP I polyadenylation complex.
Generation of Secondary Particles From Subnanosecond Laser Irradiation of Targets at Intensities of $10^{16}~{\rm W}~{\rm cm}^{-2}$

Emission of several tens of mA/cm<sup>2</sup> currents carried by MeV-protons is reported for plasmas produced by a beam of the 3-TW kJ-class Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS) focused onto foil targets of various thicknesses. The maximum proton energy of 4.2 MeV is observed at a modest irradiance (Iλ<sup>2</sup> ~ 2×10<sup>16</sup> W cm<sup>-2</sup>μm<sup>2</sup>). According to the maximum ion energy scaling EM ~ (Iλ<sup>2</sup>)<sup>0.4</sup> found for picosecond lasers such a value should be reached at Iλ<sup>2</sup> ~ 3×10<sup>18</sup> W cm<sup>-2</sup> μm<sup>2</sup>. Enhancement of the maximum proton energy can be explained by nonlinear interaction of the PALS laser beam with the generated plasma. Nonlinear effects also result in enhancement in the yield of fusion neutrons from CD<sub>2</sub> plasma. The obtained yield of 4×10<sup>5</sup> DD-neutrons per laser energy is comparable to those obtained by the use of ps- and fs-lasers irradiating targets with Iλ<sup>2</sup> ~ 10<sup>19</sup> W cm<sup>-2</sup> μm<sup>2</sup>.