Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOLUBILITY LIMITS OF ERBIUM IN PARTIALLY DISORDERED CRYSTALS LANGANITE

The development of new efficient photovoltaic cells for solar energy conversion is an important challenge nowadays. One of the approaches of this problem is to increase the efficiency of silicon photovoltaic cells by conversion of the solar radiation emitted around 1.5 μm in radiation situated in the spectral range around 1 μm, that can be converted efficiently in electric energy [1]. This spectral conversion can be made by upconversion processes in Er ions, which have an intense absorption band around 1.5 μm (transition I15/2 → I13/2) and can emit efficiently around 1 μm (transition I11/2 → I15/2). The efficiency of Er for this task can be enhanced by the broadening of its absorption bands; this will cause an increase of the absorbed solar energy emitted in the large band around 1.5 μm and may also cause an increase of the rates of upconversion processes that accomplish the spectral conversion. For the broadening of the absorption spectra of Er, partially disordered crystals can be used as its hosts. Langanite (La3Ga5.5Nb0.5O14 – LGN) and langatate (La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 – LGT) are such crystals.
Weighing up Thailand ’ s benefits from global value chains

As an export-oriented economy, Thailand is often faced with the question whether international trade yields real and sustainable benefits to its citizens, over and beyond what is reflected in its GDP figures. This paper attempts to answer that question, using the trade in value added (TiVA) approach to overcome the shortcomings of trade statistics. From a global perspective, we find that, since the early 2000s, the centre of global value chains (GVCs) has shifted from the G3 to China. From 2005 onwards, China emerged as a key player in GVCs, effectively replacing Japan as one of the top three centres for GVCs and even surpassing the United States in this ranking by 2011. Nevertheless, in terms of value added flows, China remains on the receiving end, while the United States maintains its status as the dominant exporter of value added. In Thailand’s case, we find that most manufacturing sectors lie towards the end of GVCs, and therefore export figures are likely to be large, even on a net basis. This is an ongoing concern for Thailand, given that the growing bilateral trade surplus continues to put upward pressure on the domestic currency. On the domestic front, we also document the diminishing benefit from backward participation, as labourreplacement automation penetrates into more sectors, not least in the electronics sector, where its impact is already apparent.
CHARACTERIZATION OF 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE3 GENE FROM Hevea brasiliensis AND ITS EXPRESSION RESPONSES BY TISSUE TYPE DURING DROUGHT STRESS

In higher plants, the first committed step in controlling abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, 9-CisEpoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase (NCED) is an important rate-limiting enzyme. It plays a major role in plant response to drought stress in stomatal aperture regulation. In this study, the 1,785bp full-length cDNA (designated as HbNCED3) , has an open reading frame of 595 encoded amino acids. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that HbNCED3 shares more than 80% similarity with NCED3 from Manihot esculenta and Jatropha curcas. The quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used for detecting the transcription level of HbNCED3 gene after withholding water for 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 days. The NCED3 gene was expressed in all tested tissues with different response patterns. The HbNCED3 expression level in root increased sharply during the early stages of drought stress. The continuous accumulation of ABA in leaves was caused mainly by increased transcription of HbNCED3 in the root. This suggested the HbNCED3 may play a role in the molecular drought stress of rubber tree and would serve as a guide for future follow‐up research on drought stress mechanism in Hevea.
The Effect of Teacher Gender on Students of Differing Ability: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment

Gender dynamics may play an important role in the determination of student outcomes in education. To date, the study of student/teacher gender dynamics has focused mostly on average effects. Exploiting random assignment of students to teachers in a field experiment, I study heterogeneity in the impact of teacher gender on the math and reading test scores for primary school students of differing ability. I find that assignment to a female teacher is generally positive for male students while having no significant effect for female students. In addition, I find very little heterogeneity in the effect of teacher gender on the ability axis, suggesting that average effect estimates do not mask significant heterogeneity. My results are consistent with differential teacher behavior based on gender stereotypes, and somewhat inconsistent with differential student behavior based on gender stereotypes.
Primäre pulmonale Hypertonie und mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis bei HIV-Infektion

Bei einer 24jahrigen Patientin traten 4 Jahre nach Diagnose einer HIV-Infektion eine Belastungsdyspnoe und periphere Odeme auf. Sie hatte mehrere Jahre Drogen konsumiert und eine Hepatitis A und B durchgemacht. Die HIV-Infektion war bisher asymptomatisch geblieben. Klinisch, rontgenologisch und echokardiographisch zeigte sich eine rechtsventrikulare Herzinsuffizienz, als deren Ursache eine pulmonale Hypertonie diagnostiziert wurde, die nicht auf Lungenembolien oder eine andere bekannte Atiologie zuruckzufuhren war. 9 Monate nach der Diagnose starb die Patientin plotzlich an Herzversagen. Die Obduktion ergab eine primare pulmonale Hypertonie mit pathognomonischer plexogener pulmonaler Arteriopathie, die zu einem Cor pulmonale mit Uberbelastungsmyokarditis gefuhrt hatte. Obwohl klinisch keine Niereninsuffizienz bestand, wurden eine mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis und eine nicht-destruierende interstitielle Nephritis nachgewiesen. - Neben den klassischen AIDS-assoziierten Krankheiten konnen auch seltenere, auf noch ungeklarte Weise mit der HIV-Infektion verbundene Syndrome die Prognose dieser Patienten bestimmen. Four years after an HIV infection and without any preceding illness characteristic of AIDS, a 24-year-old woman developed dyspnoea on exertion and peripheral oedema. She had for several years been an intravenous drug addict and contracted hepatitis A and B. There were no symptoms of the HIV infection. Clinical, radiological and echocardiographic examination demonstrated right ventricular failure caused by pulmonary hypertension not due to pulmonary embolism or another known aetiology. The patient died suddenly 9 months after the diagnosis from heart failure. Autopsy established primary pulmonary hypertension with pathognomonic plexogenic pulmonary arterial disease which had led to cor pulmonale with overload myocarditis. Although there had been no clinical signs of renal failure, there was histological evidence of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and non-destructive interstitial nephritis. This case demonstrates that, in addition to the typical AIDS-associated diseases, other rarer syndromes may, in uncertain ways but connected with the HIV infection, decide the prognosis of such patients.
Occupational Health Program about Prevention and Control of Health Hazards among Bakery Workers in Assuit City-Egypt

Back ground: The bakery business can be enjoyable and rewarding profession, but the bakery process generates diverse risks on exposed workers. Most of these hazards are preventable. Aim of the study: to evaluate impact of occupational health program about prevention and control of health hazards among bakery workers at Assuit city. Subjects and Methods: A quiz -experimental research design was utilized in this study. The study was conducted at (5) East and (5)West bakeries at Assuit city Sample: The total number of bakeries at Assuit city about 89bakeries. It included (11%) from total number of bakeries. Systematic random sample was used for selecting the study bakeries. Convenient sample was used for workers. The total number was 87 workers :. Two tools were used in this study; the first tool was a structure interview questionnaire sheet about Socio-demographic characteristics and worker's knowledge about occupational hazards, prevention and control. The second tool was observational checklist was used to evaluate safety measures of bakeries workers. Results: It was clear that 40.2 % of the studied workers aged < 25 years. Also 98.9% of workers had unsatisfactory knowledge in pre test. It improved in post test . Conclusion: The workers had unsatisfactory knowledge and practice in pre test . It improved in post test . Recommendations: First aid facilities and personal protective devices should be available in all bakeries.
Dividend , Taxes , and Agency Costs

The Norwegian tax reform in 2006 increased the dividend tax rate from 0% to 28% for individuals, but not for companies. We find that the average payout ratio drops from 41% before this shock to 16% afterwards, and that indirect ownership through tax-exempt holding companies quadruples. Operating companies with higher potential agency conflicts pay higher dividends and are more often owned by holding companies. This evidence suggests that taxes strongly reduce dividends, that tax costs are actively traded off against agency costs, and that indirect ownership may allow for a dividend policy that reduces agency costs at minimal tax costs.
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction Techniques and Their Application in Neural Networks Student :

This project aims to study nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithms and the extent to which they can improve classification. In other words, will we be able to classify input data reliably after we have reduced its dimensionality? Will the rate of successful classifications drop? or it is possible to have the best of both worlds and even improve the classification rate? In this project, we consider different feature extraction algorithms and investigate their performance in classification tasks using Support Vector Machines (SVMs) as the classifier. We consider supervised and unsupervised feature extraction methods. In the unsupervised approach studied in this work, the goal is to extract a few features while maintaining the ability to reconstruct the original data with high enough quality. In the supervised approach, we extract those features that enable us to achieve better performance in the classification task. Thus, although we might lose the ability to reconstruct the data from the features, we potentially achieve better classification rates.
he effect of market orientation , entrepreneurial orientation and uman capital on positional advantage : Evidence from the restaurant ndustry

Resource-based theory (RBT), or the resource-based view (RBV) f the firm, is one of the most widely accepted theories of mangement (Kellermanns et al., 2016; Nyberg et al., 2014). The RBV egards the internal resources and capabilities of a firm as valuble and therefore sources of competitive advantage (Barney, 991; Wernerfelt, 1984). Resources are the factors owned or conrolled by the firm and capabilities are the firm’s capacity to eploy those resources (Amit and Schoemaker, 1993). The RBV ssumes that organizational resources are composed of tangible nd intangible assets that a firm uses to develop and implement trategies aimed at improving efficiency and effectiveness (Barney, 991). Organizational theorists have argued that physical, human, nd organizational resources can enable the achievement of susainable competitive advantage and help improve performance Barney, 1991; Lonial and Carter, 2015). In this light, intangible rganizational resources and capabilities such as entrepreneurial rientation (EO), market orientation (MO), and human capital (HC), f effectively exploited, should facilitate the development of cometitive advantage (Hult and Ketchen, 2001; Lonial and Carter, 015) and thereby improve performance. It has long been argued that analysis of individual components r single resources is not sufficient as resource combinations are ore likely to explain performance (Newbert, 2008; Kraaijenbrink t al., 2010). It has also been claimed that the process by which these apabilities influence performance is more complex than might e revealed by the univariate examination of a direct, linear link etween each and performance (e.g. Lonial and Carter, 2015; Hult nd Ketchen, 2001). Scholars further contend that the link between rganizational resources and performance may be incomplete,
The Macroeconomics of Commodity Boom in Africa Alemayehu Geda & Addis Yimer [ Type the document subtitle ] The Macroeconomics of African Commodity Boom and Its Implications for Macro Policy

The recent surge in commodity price has led to a growth in export earning and excellent performance in economic growth of Africa. Global commodity price are however characterize by volatility. The dependence on primary commodities and the nature of their prices entail both short term macroeconomic challenges and long term growth and development concerns. The study examined these macroeconomic issues, the available African evidence and their macro policy implications in Africa. The long term implications of the terms of trade of primary commodities, the volatility of their price and the implications of that for growth and industrialization aspiration of Africa are also discussed at length. Generally, there is relatively robust evidence that following a commodity boom there is a real exchange rate appreciation in natural-resource rich countries. In addition, the African evidence also shows a sharp rise in government spending following a booming commodity trade. The evidence on the shrinking of the manufacturing sector is generally mixed; however, the African evidence seems to be strong. The finding has implication for the need to have the capacity for macroeconomic management and strategic approach to avoid de-industrialization and ensure sustainable growth in Africa. JEL Classification: E62, F14, F43 H50 E62 , N57, O11
SGLT2 Protein Expression Is Increased in Human Diabetic Nephropathy

There is very limited human renal sodium gradient-dependent glucose transporter protein (SGLT2) mRNA and protein expression data reported in the literature. The first aim of this study was to determine SGLT2 mRNA and protein levels in human and animal models of diabetic nephropathy. We have found that the expression of SGLT2 mRNA and protein is increased in renal biopsies from human subjects with diabetic nephropathy. This is in contrast to db-db mice that had no changes in renal SGLT2 protein expression. Furthermore, the effect of SGLT2 inhibition on renal lipid content and inflammation is not known. The second aim of this study was to determine the potential mechanisms of beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibition in the progression of diabetic renal disease. We treated db/db mice with a selective SGLT2 inhibitor JNJ 39933673. We found that SGLT2 inhibition caused marked decreases in systolic blood pressure, kidney weight/body weight ratio, urinary albumin, and urinary thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances. SGLT2 inhibition prevented renal lipid accumulation via inhibition of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein-β, pyruvate kinase L, SCD-1, and DGAT1, key transcriptional factors and enzymes that mediate fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis. SGLT2 inhibition also prevented inflammation via inhibition of CD68 macrophage accumulation and expression of p65, TLR4, MCP-1, and osteopontin. These effects were associated with reduced mesangial expansion, accumulation of the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and type IV collagen, and loss of podocyte markers WT1 and synaptopodin, as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. In summary, our study showed that SGLT2 inhibition modulates renal lipid metabolism and inflammation and prevents the development of nephropathy in db/db mice.
Closing the tap : How school enrollment is affected when conditional cash transfer payments break off

This paper explores how conditional cash transfer programs influence students’ schooling decisions when program payments stop in the middle of their school career. To that end, I examine Mexico’s Progresa, which only covered students until the end of middle school (at age 15) in its early years. The experimental setup permits to study the program’s impact on the probability to continue with high school after middle school. However, despite initial randomization, the program itself has likely rendered the respective samples of middle school graduates in the treatment and the control group incomparable. To account for this, I employ a newly developed semiparametric technique that uses a combination of machine learning methods in conjunction with doubly-robust estimation. I find that exposure to Progresa during middle school reduced the probability to transfer to high school by 7.5 to 12.5 percentage points. Possible explanations for this effect include parents’ loss aversion, motivation crowding, anchoring, and classroom peer effects. JEL Classication: I22, I25, O15, J24, D04, D91, C52.
ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF CEFADROXIL IN HEALTHY BROILER CHICKENS

The pharmacokinetic parameters of cefadroxil (20 mg/kg bwt) were studied following single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administrations in healthy broiler chickens. Following a single IV injection of cefadroxil at a dose of 20 mg/kg bwt in healthy chickens, cefadroxil could be detected therapeutically for 24 h. The serum concentration–time curve of cefadroxil following IV injection showed that, the drug obeyed a two compartments open model and the elimination half-life (t0.5β) was 4.85 h, volume of distribution (Vdss) was 629 ml/kg and total body clearance (CLtot) of cefadroxil was 0.185 L/h/kg). Following a single PO administration of 20 mg cefadroxil /kg bwt in healthy chickens, the peak serum concentration (Cmax) was 15.59 μg/ml was achieved at a maximum time (Tmax) of 1.47 h. The oral bioavailability of cefadroxil in healthy chickens was 77.18%.
Is reaching 90 / 90 / 90 enough to end AIDS ? Lessons from Amsterdam

Purpose of review Although cities present opportunities for infectious pathogens such as HIV to spread, public health infrastructure within these cities also provides opportunities to design effective approaches to eliminate transmission of these pathogens. The HIV Transmission Elimination AMsterdam (H-TEAM) Initiative, a consortium of relevant stakeholders involved in HIV prevention and care, designed an integrated approach to curb the HIV epidemic in Amsterdam, including providing preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), increasing awareness of acute HIV infection, offering same-day test and treat, and improving indicator disease-driven HIV testing.
How well do deep neural networks trained on object recognition characterize the mouse visual system

Recent work on modeling neural responses in the primate visual system has benefited from deep neural networks trained on large-scale object recognition, and found a hierarchical correspondence between layers of the artificial neural network and brain areas along the ventral visual stream. However, we neither know whether such task-optimized networks enable equally good models of the rodent visual system, nor if a similar hierarchical correspondence exists. Here, we address these questions in the mouse visual system by extracting features at several layers of a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on ImageNet to predict the responses of thousands of neurons in four visual areas (V1, LM, AL, RL) to natural images. We found that the CNN features outperform classical subunit energy models, but found no evidence for an order of the areas we recorded via a correspondence to the hierarchy of CNN layers. Moreover, the same CNN but with random weights provided an equivalently useful feature space for predicting neural responses. Our results suggest that object recognition as a high-level task does not provide more discriminative features to characterize the mouse visual system than a random network. Unlike in the primate, training on ethologically relevant visually guided behaviors – beyond static object recognition – may be needed to unveil the functional organization of the mouse visual cortex.
CURRENT TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE USE OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE PHILIPPINE LIVESTOCK IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMA REVIEW

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a biotechnological tool used to achieve pregnancy in procedures such as artificial insemination, multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), in vitro maturation and fertilization (IVM/IVF), ovum pick up (OPU), cryopreservation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), sperm sexing, interspecies hybridization, transgenesis, and cloning. The successful use of ART and the different concerns associated with its application in humans have been extensively considered. Similarly, the application of ART in livestock production in developed countries has resulted in improved income and productivity. The Philippines, being a developing country, has to rely mainly on agriculture production to meet the increasing food demand of its 100 million population. To address food sufficiency and security concerns, the government has embraced the current biotechnological trend in food production, which includes research and development of ART to make it available in the livestock industry. The application of ART in the local livestock genetic improvement program could gradually speed up traditional and timeconsuming breeding programs that will produce desired superior breeds in a shorter period with more reliable and promising outcomes. This paper reviews the current trends and developments in the use of ART and its application in the local livestock improvement program.
Effort estimation with story points and COSMIC function points - an industry case study

In Agile software projects developed using the Scrum process, Story Points are often used to estimate project effort. Story Points allow comparison of estimated effort with actual effort, but do not provide a size of the software developed and, therefore, do not allow determination of the productivity achieved on a project nor comparison of performance across projects and across organizations. In contrast to Story Points, international standards on functional size measurement, such as ISO 19761 (COSMIC Function Points), provide explicit measurement of software size for both estimation and benchmarking purposes. This study reports on the performance of estimation models built using Story Points and COSMIC Function Points and shows that, for the organization in which the data was collected, the use of COSMIC Function Points leads to estimation models with much smaller variances. The study also demonstrates that the use of COSMIC Function Points allows objective comparison of productivity across tasks within a Scrum environment.
Improving Multi-stage Object Detection via Iterative Proposal Refinement

For object detection tasks, multi-stage detection frameworks have achieved excellent detection performance (e.g., Cascade R-CNN) compared to those one and two-stage frameworks (e.g., FPN). In this work, we introduce an LSTM-based proposal reﬁnement module that iteratively reﬁnes proposed bounding boxes. This module can naturally be integrated with different frameworks. And the number of iterative steps is ﬂexible and can differ between training and testing stages. In this work, we focus on improving the widely used two-stage frameworks by replacing the original bounding box regression head with our proposed module. To verify the efﬁcacy of our method, we perform extensive experiments on PASCAL VOC and MS COCO benchmarks with both ResNet-50 and ResNet-101 backbones. The results show that by having our LSTM based module it achieves signiﬁcantly higher mAP than the vanilla R-FCN and FPN on both benchmarks. Meanwhile, it outperforms the existing state-of-the-art method Cascade R-CNN especially under high IoU thresholds.