Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Robust Data Driven Approach to Quantifying Common-Cause Failure in Power Networks

The standard alpha-factor model for common cause failure assumes symmetry, in that all components must have identical failure rates. In this paper, we generalise the alpha-factor model to deal with asymmetry, in order to apply the model to power networks, which are typically asymmetric. For parameter estimation, we propose a set of conjugate Dirichlet-Gamma priors, and we discuss how posterior bounds can be obtained. Finally, we demonstrate our methodology on a simple yet realistic example.
Graphemic parsing and the basic orthographic syllable structure

In two experiments, whether people use an orthographic syllable structure based on phonology when reading multi-syllabic words or a structure based on an orthographic scheme first proposed by Taft (1979, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, 21–39) was investigated. This was done by presenting words disrupted by a space based on the particular structures being investigated and examining the extent that the spaces affected responses. Results from the first experiment showed that participants were slower to process words when consonant clusters were disrupted by a space compared to when the space occurred after the consonants and before a vowel. This occurred even though the space that did not disrupt the consonants caused the words to be segmented in a way that was not congruent with either of the orthographic structures being examined. Participants also appeared to display a weak preference for processing words as syllabic units, phonologically defined. The second experiment provided further evidence that people use an orthographic syllable structure based on phonological syllables and not just orthographic regularities. It is argued that these results are best interpreted in terms of a graphemic parsing process that uses two stages, one which is sensitive to consonant and vowel status but not syllable boundaries and a second which is sensitive to syllable boundaries initially derived from phonology.
Representing National Culture, Values and Identity in the Brazilian Television Mini-series

The telenovela is a significant indicator of social and cultural representation on Brazilian nightly television. In this context, however, representations of Brazil are not entirely limited to the telenovela, but incorporate other devices that represent a broader spectrum of Brazil’s diverse societies and cultures. In this article, I discuss how the Brazilian television mini-series provides such a unique and unacknowledged ambit, reflecting discernible continuities and changes in Brazilian national cultures, values and identities. The concept of hybridity forms a theoretical framework for the following discussions. Methodologically, I relate data from textual, press and interview analyses to the research question and discuss how this reveals additional discourses of representation. As a result, the mini-series, rather than implicitly mirroring the production and viewing characteristics of the telenovela, explicitly engages with pedagogical devices such as imagination, perception and (un)familiarity, greatly expanding Brazilian television’s social-cultural representations of Brazil.
Assessment of seasonal fl u immunization status among adult patients visiting al-Sharaee Primary Health Care Center in Makkah al-Mokarramah Mulham

Background: On the basis of epidemiologic data and worldwide experiences on influenza vaccination, both seasonal and H1N1 vaccinations are recommended for anyone 6 months of age or older who is at risk of becoming ill or of transmitting the viruses to others. Overall, the rates and seriousness of a possible complication of influenza vaccination are much smaller than the risk of serious complications and mortality from influenza infection. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of seasonal flu immunization status as well as factors associated with its acceptance among adult Saudi patients visiting the general clinic at al-Sharaee Primary Health Care Center in Makkah. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytic study conducted among 200 adult Saudi patients visiting the general clinic at al-Sharaee Primary Health Care Center in Makkah in June 2013. Data were collected from participants themselves in the presence of the researcher using a predesigned questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of dependent variable (seasonal flu immunization status) and independent variables (age, gender, educational level, marital status, job status, home/living, barriers hindering factors (fear of injection, side effects, being busy, fear of infection, desire to avoid medication, belief the vaccine was not effective, safety issue, inadequate policies, and because there was no obligation from Ministry of Health). Results: A total of 200 adult Saudi patients (100 men and 100 women) visiting the general clinic at al-Sharaee Primary Health Care Center in Makkah were recruited to explore their seasonal flu immunization status. Overall, the age of the participants ranged between 18 and 66 with a mean of 33.96±10.88 years. Only 18.5% of the participants had a history of receiving seasonal influenza vaccine. The majority of the participants claimed that they were at risk of getting flu infection (72.5%). Main sources of information were Ministry of Health (54.0%) and mass media (53.0%). Of the participants, 23% men and 14% women gave information about the history of seasonal flu vaccination with no statistically significant difference. Regarding reasons for seasonal flu vaccine refusal, concern about the vaccine’s side effects was the most reported response from both genders (76.6% men and 57.0%women), and overall it was 66.3%. Believing that the vaccine is not safe was the second reported response from both genders (45.5% men and 33.7% of women), and overall it was 39.3%. The difference between men and women was statistically significant (p o 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, seasonal flu vaccination rate was low although majority of participants claimed that they were at risk of flu infection. Most of the participants believed that the vaccine was not safe. However, it was determined that reasons to refuse were mostly the vaccine’s side effects and not believing in the vaccine’s protectiveness.
Economic Dispatch Algorithm as Combinatorial Optimization Problems

This paper presents a novel approach to economic dispatch (ED) with nonconvex fuel cost function as combinatorial optimization problems (COP) while most of the conventional researches have been developed as function optimization problems (FOP). One nonconvex fuel cost function can be divided into several convex fuel cost functions, and each convex function can be regarded as a generation type (G-type). In that case, ED with nonconvex fuel cost function can be considered as COP finding the best case among all feasible combinations of G-types. In this paper, a genetic algorithm is applied to solve the COP, and the function method is used to calculate ED for the fitness function of GA. The function method is reviewed briefly and the GA procedure for COP is explained in detail. This paper deals with two kinds of ED problems, namely ED with multiple fuel units (EDMF) and ED with prohibited operating zones (EDPOZ). The proposed method is tested for all the ED problems, and the test results show an improvement in solution cost compared to the results obtained from conventional algorithms.
Design and Dynamic Equivalent Modeling of Double-Layer Hoop Deployable Antenna

This study proposes deployable units driven by elastic hinges and a double-layer hoop deployable antenna composed of these units. A rational modeling method based on the energy equivalence principle is presented to develop an equivalent model of the double-layer hoop antenna in accordance with the structural characteristics of the antenna. The equivalent beam models of the rods with elastic hinges are proposed. The relationship of geometrical and material parameters is established considering the strain energy and the kinetic energy of the periodic unit, which are the same as those of the equivalent beam in the same displacement field. The equivalent model of the antenna is obtained by assembling several equivalent beam models in the circumferential direction. The precision of the equivalent model of the antenna is acceptable as found by comparing the modal analysis results obtained through equivalent model calculation, finite element simulation, and modal test.
An ICT Approach for Implementing Emerging Technologies for Teaching and Learning in Low Resource Communities: Lessons Learnt from Namibia

The growth of technology is clearly evident in all nations, although its benefits in some sectors are more visible than in others. It is clear that ICTs could be used to improve service deliveries, but there are several current challenges and fears among low resource community dwellers. In this workshop paper, emerging technologies in education which include an interactive mobile learning application and new electronic reading devices for Namibian Schools are discussed. The paper explains how each of the studies was conducted and lays out the findings from each of the studies. Our major aim is to design an ICT approach that could be used in Namibia to implement emerging technologies within the Namibian education system. We focus on exploring the current state and challenges that ICT service providers might be faced with in implementing new approaches in Namibia’s education system. We intend to engage other ICT researchers to design a new ICT model which could be used in introducing emerging ICTs in low resource areas. A case study qualitative approach was used. This was supported by data collection methods such as interviews and focus groups, as well as by data analysis paradigms such as Grounded Theory. Results from the studies showed negative results which may hamper implementation of the new technologies in Namibian schools. For example, implementing e-readers in Namibian schools, the Namibian education stakeholders were supportive of the idea but sceptical of its current viability. They appreciate the potential benefits that the e-readers could provide, but mentioned that a lot has to be done first in terms of establishing the supporting ICT infrastructure. We concluded that there is lack of a guiding approach that could be followed in implementing emerging technologies in low resource areas. This workshop paper provides the findings from the engaged participants and lessons learnt from the studies. The focus of this paper is to outline the views of education stakeholders in Namibia on the implementation of new ICTs.
The use of beam and fiber splitters in quantum random number generators based on vacuum fluctuations

Quantum random number generators based on vacuum fluctuations produce truly random numbers that can be used for applications are requiring a high degree of randomness. A beam splitter with two inputs and two outputs is normally used in these systems. In this paper, mathematical descriptions were obtained for the use of such beam splitter and fiber Y-splitter in quantum random number generation systems with homodyne detection. We derived equations which allowed us to estimate the impact of the scheme parameters’ imperfection upon measurement results. We also obtained mathematical expressions, demonstrating the equivalence of quantum descriptions for a Y-splitter and a beam splitter with two inputs.
A Computer-Based Readability Analysis of Consumer Materials on the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Website

Purpose: The authors of this article examined the readability of audiology- and speech- language pathology-related consumer materials on the website of the American-Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and reported their findings rela- tive to the reading grade-level guidelines recommend- ed by health literacy experts. Method: A search was conducted on the ASHA web- site to find online audiology- and speech-language pathology-related content for consumers. The website listed consumer resources under a home page link titled "Information For: The Public. " The readability of each document resource was determined using a Win- dows-based software: Readability Calculations version 7.5 (Micro Power and Light, 2008). Two hundred and twenty-five documents were loaded into the software for analysis. The documents were ordered alphabeti- cally with Flesch Reading Ease (FRE; Flesch, 1948)
Chapter 2 Cognitive and Neural Aspects of Face Processing

Faces represent the stimuli we rely on the most for social interaction. They inform us about the identity, mood, gender, age, attractiveness, race and approachability of a person. This is remarkable if we think that all faces share the same composition of internal features (i.e., two eyes above the nose and a mouth) and 3D structure. Thus, faces are unique in terms of the richness of social signals they convey, and the reason why face perception has played a central role for social interaction in a wide range of species for millions of years. Given its importance, face processing has also become one of the most prominent areas of research in cognitive science of the last 50 years, and a large number of behavioural, neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the developmental, cognitive and neural bases of face perception. In this chapter we start our voyage towards the understanding of the features of human face recognition and we will learn about the most significant results on the cognitive and neural aspects of this fascinating topic. In particular, we start by analyzing this ability in normal subjects that do not show any sign of neurologic, psychiatric or neuropsychological disorder. Since it is important to know the normal features of a specific cognitive domain before we can start to comprehend the deficits, we will begin to address prosopagnosia, the disorder in face recognition, only in the next chapter. Hopefully, after reading this chapter you would be able to answer important questions like: “Do faces represent a “special” category of stimuli for our visual system? ”, “How does face processing take place? ”, “Which is the neural underpinning of face processing? ”, “What is the speed of face processing? ” and again, “Are face processing skills heritable? ” Chapter 2 Cognitive and Neural Aspects of Face Processing
THE STATE OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT , 2001 – 2002 : WILL THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM KEEP ITS COOL , OR IS EL NIÑO LOOMING ?

This report summarizes physical and biological conditions in the California Current System (CCS), from Oregon to Baja California, in 2001 and 2002. The principal sources of the observations described here are the CalCOFI (California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations), IMECOCAL (Investigaciones Mexicanas de la Corriente de California), and U.S. GLOBECLTOP (Global Ecosystems Long-term Observation Program) programs. Large-scale atmospheric and oceanic conditions in the Pacific point to a fourth consecutive La Niña-like year. This has contributed to generally stronger than normal upwelling and uncharacteristically cool waters in much of the CCS, a pattern that has persisted since late 1998. Biological productivity has been generally higher as well, particularly off Oregon. Within the observed interannual fluctuations of recent years, these conditions suggest a generally elevated production
Effects of Bt Cotton in India During the First Five Years of Adoption

While previous research has analyzed the impacts of Bt cotton in India, most available studies are based on one or two years of data only. We analyze the technology’s performance over the first five years of adoption, using panel data with three rounds of observations. On average, Bt adopting farmers realize pesticide reductions of about 40%, and yield advantages of 30-40%. Profit gains are in a magnitude of US $60 per acre. These benefits have been sustainable over time. Farmers’ satisfaction is reflected in a high willingness to pay for Bt seeds. Nonetheless, in 2006 Indian state governments decided to establish price caps at levels much lower than what companies had charged before. This intervention has further increased farmers’ profits, but the impact on aggregate Bt adoption was relatively small. Price controls might have negative long-term implications, as they can severely hamper private sector incentives to invest in new technologies.
Adverse selection, liquidity, and market breakdown

This paper studies the interaction between adverse selection, liquidity risk and beliefs about systemic risk in determining market liquidity, asset prices and welfare. Even a small amount of adverse selection in the asset market can lead to fire-sale pricing and possibly to a market breakdown if it is accompanied by a flight-to-liquidity, a misassessment of systemic risk, or uncertainty about asset values. The ability to trade based on private information improves welfare if adverse selection does not lead to a market breakdown. Informed trading allows financial institutions to reduce idiosyncratic risks, but it exacerbates their exposure to systemic risk. Further, I show that in a market equilibrium, financial institutions overinvest into risky illiquid assets (relative to the constrained efficient allocation), which creates systemic externalities. Also, I explore possible policy responses and discuss their effectiveness.
The Effect of Moderate-intensity Technical Training and Resistance Training on Selected Hematological Parameters of Elite Wrestlers

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an eight-week moderate-intensity technical and resistance training on selected hematological parameters. Twenty male wrestlers participated in the study voluntarily. Participants trained six days a week after being divided into technical and resistance training groups. The first group was applied a technical training (TT) program, at 60-75% intensity of heart rate (HR) and lasting 75-90 minutes. The other group (resistance training) applied the resistance training (RT) program for the first four weeks at %60 of 1TM load, for the next four weeks at %70 of 1TM load. Blood samples were collected from participants before the training period and after 24 hours following the last training session. RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT values were analyzed to determine hematological parameters from blood samples. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program. According to the results, between values before and after the training period, there was significant difference in RBC and HGB levels, while there was no significant difference in HCT and PLT levels in the TT group. Between values before and after the training period, there was no significant difference in RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT levels in RT group. As a result, it was found that eight-week technical training was more efficient significantly than resistance training (p <0.05). However, when these results were examined in practical terms, it was determined that the differences between before and after technical training programs had a low effect size.
Landuse and soil degradation in the southern Maya lowlands, from Pre-Classic to Post-Classic times: The case of La Joyanca (Petén, Guatemala)

This work focuses on the impact of Maya agriculture on soil degradation. In site and out site studies in the area of the city of La Joyanca (NW Petén) show that “Maya clays” do not constitute a homogeneous unit, but represent a complex sedimentary record. A high resolution analysis leads us to document changes in rates and practices evolving in time in relation with major socio-political and economic changes. It is possible to highlight extensive agricultural practices between Early Pre-classical to Late Pre-classical times. Intensification occurs in relation with reduction of the fallow duration during Pre-classic to Classic periods. The consequences of these changes on soil erosion are discussed. However, it does not seem that the agronomic potential of the soils was significantly degraded before the end of the Classic period.
AMMONIACAL THIOSULPHATE LEACHING OF A COPPER-RICH GOLD ORE

In this current study, the extraction of gold from a high grade copper-rich gold ore by copperassisted ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching was studied by adopting Taguchi L9, (3) experimental design approach. The effects of concentration of thiosulphate, (10-500 mM S2O3), copper (0-25 mM Cu), and ammonia (5-1000 mM NH3) on the extent of gold extraction were investigated at three levels. Statistical analysis of data was performed based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Cyanide leaching of the ore resulted in a gold extraction of only 22% while gold extractions as high as ~62% were achieved by ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching. The concentrations of thiosulphate (S2O3) and ammonia (NH3) were identified to be statistically significant factors affecting the extraction of gold, while the effect of addition of copper (Cu) is insignificant. This could be linked with the ready dissolution of copper (i.e. 100%) during ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching. Although ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching appears to be more effective than cyanide leaching for gold extraction, it also suffers from high thiosulphate consumption.
How Do We Explain ‛Autistic Traits’ in European Upper Palaeolithic Art?

Abstract Traits in Upper Palaeolithic art which are also seen in the work of talented artists with autism, including most obviously an exceptional realism, remain to be explained. However any association between the famously evocative animal depictions created in the European Upper Palaeolithic and what is commonly seen as a ‘disorder’ has always been contentious. Debate over these similarities has been heated, with explanations ranging from famous works of Upper Palaeolithic art having been created by individuals with autism spectrum conditions, to being influenced by such individuals, to being a product of the use of psychotropic drugs. Here we argue that ‘autistic traits’ in art, such as extreme realism, have been created by individuals with a cognitive extreme of local processing bias, or detail focus. The significance of local processing bias, which is found both as a feature of autism spectrum conditions and in artists with exceptional talent at realistic depiction who aren’t autistic, has implications for our understanding of Upper Palaeolithic society in general, as well as of the roles played by individuals with autism spectrum conditions.
Resolution of an important discrepancy between remote and in-situ measurements of tropospheric BrO during Antarctic enhancements

Tropospheric BrO was measured by a ground-based remote-sensing spectrometer at Halley in Antarctica, and BrO was measured by remote-sensing spectrometers in space using similar spectral regions and Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy 5 (DOAS) analyses. Near-surface BrO was simultaneously measured at Halley by Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (CIMS), and in an earlier year near-surface BrO was measured at Halley over a long path by a DOAS spectrometer. During enhancement episodes, total amounts of tropospheric BrO from the ground-based remotesensor were similar to those from space, but if we assume that the BrO was confined 10 to the boundary layer they were very much larger than values measured by either near-surface technique. This large apparent discrepancy can be resolved if substantial amounts of BrO were in the free troposphere during most enhancement episodes. Amounts observed by the ground-based remote sensor at different elevation angles, and their formal inversions to vertical profiles, also show that much of the BrO was of15 ten in the free troposphere. This is consistent with the � 5 day lifetime of Bry, from the enhanced BrO observed during some Antarctic blizzards, and from aircraft measurements of BrO well above the surface in the Arctic.