Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marika Lamoreaux Collectivism in Cultural Products − − Measuring Culture Outside the Head : A Meta-Analysis of Individualism

s and preparing references and tables. We thank Steve Heine and Fang Fang Chen for commenting on an early draft. Please address correspondence to Beth Morling, Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716; e-mail: morling@udel.edu. PSPR, Vol. 12 No. 3, August 2008 199-221 DOI: 10.1177/1088868308318260 © 2008 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc. Although cultural psychology is the study of how sociocultural environments and psychological processes coconstruct each other, the field has traditionally emphasized measures of the psychological over the sociocultural. Here, the authors call attention to a growing trend of measuring the sociocultural environment. They present a quantitative review of studies that measure cultural differences in “cultural products”: tangible, public representations of culture such as advertising or popular texts. They found that cultural products that come from Western cultures (mostly the United States) are more individualistic, and less collectivistic, than cultural products that come from collectivistic cultures (including Korea, Japan, China, and Mexico). The effect sizes for cultural products were larger than self-report effect sizes for this dimension (reported in Oyserman, Coon, & Kemmelmeier, 2002). In addition to presenting this evidence, the authors highlight the importance of studying the dynamic relationships between sociocultural environ-
Hidden Markov model of atomic quantum jump dynamics in an optically probed cavity

Sec. III we present a summary of the general Bayesian method applied in the paper and of the formalism needed to provide the atomic state based on both past and future measurements. In Sec. IV we discuss how system parameters such as atomic transition probabilities and optical signal distributions can be efficiently determined in the HMM framework. In Sec. V we apply our formalism to experimental data, and we show that the atomic state and model parameters are indeed more decisively determined by the full time analysis. In Sec. VI we conclude with a discussion of the results and some further perspectives.
A Case Against Closure

Este artigo examina a objecao ao fechamento [dedutivo] que surge no contexto de certos paradoxos epistemicos, paradoxos cuja conclusao e que a crenca justificada pode ser inconsistente. E universalmente aceito que, se essa conclusao e correta, o fechamento deve ser rejeitado, para que se evite a crenca justificada em enunciados contraditorios (P, ~P). Mas, mesmo que os argumentos desses paradoxos – o paradoxo da falibilidade (do prefacio) e o paradoxo da loteria – sejam mal-sucedidos, eles, ainda assim, sugerem a existencia de evidencia independente para uma objecao mais direta contra o fechamento. O exame do argumento da falibilidade revela uma exigencia de modestia epistemica que viola o fechamento a partir de multiplas premissas. A reflexao sobre o paradoxo da loteria nos confronta com um dilema em que cada alternativa fornece um contra-exemplo ao fechamento a partir de uma unica premissa. Seja ou nao possivel a inconsistencia racional, ha uma objecao contra o fechamento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Fechamento dedutivo. Falibilidade. Paradoxo da Loteria. Paradoxo do Prefacio. Justificacao. Inconsistencia. ABSTRACT This paper examines the case against closure that arises in the context of certain epistemic paradoxes, paradoxes whose conclusion is that it is possible for justified belief to be inconsistent. It is generally agreed that if this conclusion is correct, closure must be rejected in order to avoid justified belief in contradictory statements (P, ~P). But even if the arguments of these paradoxes – the fallibility (preface) paradox and the lottery paradox – are unsuccessful, they nonetheless suggest independent grounds for a more direct case against closure. Examination of the fallibility argument reveals a requirement of epistemic modesty that violates multiple premise closure. Reflection on the lottery paradox presents us with a dilemma in which each alternative provides a counterexample to single premise closure. Whether or not rational inconsistency is possible, there is a case against closure. KEY WORDS – Closure. Fallibility. Lottery paradox. Preface paradox. Justification. Inconsistency.
I think I can’t, I think I can’t: associations between parental pessimism, child affect and children’s well‐being

The present study was designed to examine the relations between parental pessimism and peer relations and health in preschool children and to examine the role that child positive and negative affect played within this relationship. Thirty‐seven mothers and their children (mean age = 48.1 months) volunteered from local preschools and daycares within a mid‐sized Atlantic Canadian city. Mothers completed the Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale—Revised, as well as the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and a brief demographic questionnaire. Teachers completed the Preschool Play Behaviour Scale. Results revealed significant correlations between parental pessimism and child affectivity and social play, and between child affectivity and various types of play behavior. Significant interactions were also found between parental pessimism and child affectivity in the prediction of social play behavior. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of parental attitudes to a child’s social and physical well‐being.
T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of GABA , glutamate , and glutamine reveals altered concentrations in schizophrenia patients and healthy siblingsGABA and glutamate in schizophrenia patients and siblings

Background: The NMDA-receptor hypofunction model of schizophrenia predicts dysfunction in both glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission. We addressed this hypothesis by measuring γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and Glx (Gln+Glu) concentrations in vivo in patients with schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) at 7 Tesla (7T), which allows separation of metabolites that would otherwise overlap at lower field strengths. In addition, we investigated whether altered levels of GABA, Glu, Gln, and Glx reflect genetic vulnerability towards schizophrenia by including healthy first-degree relatives. Methods: 21 chronic, medicated schizophrenia patients, 23 healthy first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, and 24 healthy non-relatives underwent 1 H-MRS at 7T. Glu, Gln, and GABA were measured cortically and subcortically in bilateral basal ganglia and occipital cortex. Results: Individuals with schizophrenia had reduced cortical GABA, compared with healthy relatives and the combined sample of healthy relatives and healthy non-relatives, suggesting that altered GABAergic systems in schizophrenia are associated with either disease state or medication effects. On the other hand, reduced cortical Glu relative to healthy controls was observed in schizophrenia patients and the combined sample of healthy relatives and schizophrenia patients, suggesting that altered glutamatergic metabolite levels are associated with illness liability. No group differences were found in the basal ganglia. Conclusions: Combined, these findings are consistent with alterations in GABAergic and glutamatergic systems in schizophrenia and provide novel insights into these systems in healthy relatives.
A Bermuda Triangle? Balancing Protection, Participation and Proof in Criminal Proceedings affecting Child Victims and Witnesses

Since the adoption of the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child in 1989, the right to participation has been recognised internationally as one of the general principles of children's legal status. It adds a new dimension to the existing and already problematic balance between the protection of the child victim and witness on the one hand and the fairness of the criminal proceedings on the other. In this article, we focus on the position of the child victim and witness in criminal proceedings and the complexity of the different roles he or she plays in this specific legal context, especially in child abuse cases: the child victim and witness that needs to be protected, the child as a vital source of information to the judicial authorities and the child as a person under the age of eighteen who has the right to participate. After having explored the meaning of the right to participate and its consequences for the way criminal proceedings should be conducted, we will address the position of the child witness in Europe and the United States of America. The rules and regulations regarding child witnesses in these two regions are based on different premises as do their assumptions on how to acquire the most reliable testimony. This article aims to clarify these premises in order to define the biggest challenges regarding the implementation of the right to participation of child victims and witnesses in criminal proceedings.
Long-term adverse effects of cancer treatment: Susceptibility and intervention strategies

Het aantal lange termijn overlevenden na kankerbehandeling neemt toe. Kankerbehandelingen kunnen bestaan uit chirurgie, radiotherapie en/of systemische therapie en kunnen bijwerkingen veroorzaken. Bijwerkingen zoals hart- en vaatziekten of hormonale stoornissen die vaak op lange termijn optreden, kunnen de overleving negatief beinvloeden en de gezondheid schaden. Het is daarom belangrijk om deze bijwerkingen zo vroeg mogelijk te signaleren en indien mogelijk te voorkomen of te behandelen. Voorspellende markers of risicoprofielen waarmee patienten met een verhoogd risico op lange termijn bijwerkingen kunnen worden geidentificeerd, kunnen hierbij van grote waarde zijn. Toekomstig onderzoek zou zich moeten richten op de ontstaanswijze hiervan, zodat passende maatregelen in een vroeg stadium kunnen worden getroffen. Leefstijl speelt een belangrijke rol in de ontstaanswijze van bepaalde kankersoorten en bij de kans op het ontstaan van lange termijn bijwerkingen na kankerbehandelingen. Verandering van leefstijl heeft mogelijk een positief effect hierop en gezonde leefstijl moet in de volle breedte van het zorgstelsel worden gepropageerd. Daarnaast moet toekomstig onderzoek bij kankerpatienten op dit terrein zich focussen op therapietrouw, de invloed van intensiteit van fysieke training, dieetmaatregelen en optimale organisatie van leefstijlinterventies. Hierbij moet de patient met een eenvoudig nazorgplan centraal staan en zelf de regie hebben over het proces. Tenslotte moeten huisartsen meer betrokken zijn bij zorg voor kankeroverlevenden, de zorg ten aanzien van lange termijn bijwerkingen en leefstijladvies na kankerbehandeling. Een eerste stap zou bijvoorbeeld de ontwikkeling zijn van een huisartsenrichtlijn over zorg na kankerbehandeling.
GLOBALIZATION VERSUS SEGREGATION-BUSINESS CYCLES SYNCHRONIZATION IN EUROPE

Globalization and business cycles are equally elusive economic phenomena; hence they represent a continuous research possibility and a source of possible inquiries due to their complex nature. The aim of the paper is to explain the synchronization of business cycles using the relationship between the growth rate of the GDP and FDI, considered as percentage of the GDP. The results show that there is no unique European business cycle, but two cores between which countries migrate and stress out the importance of the FDI channel in business cycle transmission. The future research directions will employ fuzzy cluster techniques, used on a larger sample.
Childhood urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria : Risk factors and empiric therapy Running title : Childhood urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria

Background: This study aims to explore risk factors of childhood urinary tract infections (UTIs) associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria (ESBL positive UTI) and to evaluate antimicrobial resistance as well as empiric treatment of childhood UTIs. Methods: The records of children who had positive urine culture results between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2012 were evaluated. Patients having positive urine culture results for ESBL-producing bacteria were defined as ESBL positive group whereas patients of same gender and similar age having positive urine culture results for non-ESBL-producing bacteria were defined as ESBL negative group. Each patient from ESBL positive group was matched with two patients from ESBL negative group. Results: ESBL positive and negative groups consisted of 154 and 308 patients respectively. There were potential risk factors for ESBL positive UTI (p<0.05), namely presence of underlying diseases, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), hospitalization, use of any antibiotic and history of infection in the last 3 months. Logistic regression analysis revealed that CIC, hospitalization and history of infection in the last 3 months were risk factors. In our study, out of 462 patients, 324 patients had empiric therapy. Empiric therapies were inappropriate in 90.3% of the ESBL positive group and in 4.5% of the ESBL negative group. Resistance to nitrofurantoin was similar among groups (5.1% vs. 1.2%, p=0.072), resistance to amikacin was low in ESBL positive group (2.6%) and there was no resistance in ESBL negative group. Conclusions: CIC, hospitalization and history of infection in the last 3 months should be considered as risk factors for ESBL positive UTI. Ampicillin plus amikacin combination should be taken into consideration for the empiric therapy of patients with acute pyelonephritis who have the risk factors for ESBL positive UTI. Nitrofurantoin seems to be a logical choice for the empiric therapy of cystitis. A cc ep te d A rt ic le This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Stroke-International Stroke Thrombolysis Register Stroke Thrombolysis : Results From the Safe Implementation of Treatments in An Uncommon Complication of − − Remote or Extraischemic Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Michael V. Mazya, Niaz Ahmed, Gary A. Ford, Carsten Hobohm, Robert Mikulik, A. Paiva Stroke-International Stroke Thrombolysis Register Stroke Thrombolysis: Results From the Safe Implementation of Treatments in An Uncommon Complication of −− Remote or Extraischemic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Print ISSN: 0039-2499. Online ISSN: 1524-4628 Copyright © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Stroke doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114. 004923 2014;45:1657-1663; originally published online May 1, 2014; Stroke. http://stroke.ahajournals. org/content/45/6/1657 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
A Strategy for Integrating Robot Design Competitions into Courses in Order to Maximize Learning Experience and Promote Intellectual Development

D esign competitions are becoming increasingly common , especially in the field of mobile robots. The sponsorship of such competitions ranges from local clubs of enthusiasts to large professional organizations , such as the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), which sponsors the annual AAAI Mobile Robot Competition and Exhibition as part of their annual conference. Awards for competitions vary from certificates of merit to significant prize money; for example, the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems (AUVS) Annual Ground Robotics Competition awards $5,000 to its first-place winner, $3,000 to the second place, and $2,000 to the third place. The Colorado School of Mines (CSM) has been a leader in fostering the intellectual development of its students through design activities [4]. One outcome of this emphasis has been the incorporation of national design competitions directly into the classwork of its " Introduction to Robotics and Computer Vision " (junior/se-nior level), " Advanced Robotics and Computer Vision " (graduate level), and " Field Session " (computer science design practicum) courses offered by the Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences. The intent of these efforts is to improve students' design competence and intellectual maturity by taking advantage of the opportunities afforded by robot competitions. This article reviews experiences associated with these courses and their design teams over a five-year period. The design teams met the objectives of each course while earning one first-place and four third-place awards plus $5,000 in prizes as well as producing seven papers. Based on these positive experiences, I encourage others to integrate competitions into classes and offer recommendations on how to facilitate the process. Although the focus of this article is specific to classroom education, it is expected that these observations will also provide insight into the incorporation of design competitions into the general educational experience. A competition can reinforce key concepts of a course and bring reality to an AI robotics project, while producing a viable entry. Other teaching opportunities not covered in class, such a budgeting, improving communication skills, etc., are not discussed in this article. The article begins by contrasting the objectives of competitions versus educational experiences. The conclusion is that certain portions of competitions can be an important tool for fostering intellectual maturity, as defined by the Perry Model [3]. Next, a classification of the major international robot competitions is presented. Background information on the courses is presented next as well as how that …
Increasing Super Pop VR TM Users ’ Intrinsic Motivation by Improving the Game ’ s Aesthetics

During physical therapy intervention protocols, it’s important to consider the individual’s intrinsic motivation to perform in-home recommended exercises. Physical therapy exercises can become tedious thus limiting the individual’s progress. Not only have researchers developed serious gaming systems to increase user motivation, but they have also worked on the design aesthetics since results have shown positive effects on the users’ performance for attractive models. As such, we improved the aesthetics of a previously developed serious game called Super Pop VR. Namely, we improved the game graphics, added new game features, and allowed for more game options to provide users the opportunity to tailor their own experience. The conducted user studies show that participants rank the version of the game with the improved aesthetics higher in terms of the amount of interest/enjoyment it generates, thus allowing for an increase in intrinsic motivation when interacting with the system.
A COMPARATIVE LIGHT‐ AND ELECTRON‐MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF MICROSPOROGENESIS IN MALE‐FERTILE AND CYTOPLASMIC MALE‐STERILE SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS)

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in sunflower anthers is compared with its normal (N) line by using light and electron microscopy. Degeneration and disintegration of CMS tapetum and microspore tetrads occur after meiosis II, resulting in sterility. At the onset of meiosis, the CMS tapetum enlarges radially and shows signs of disorganization of organelles and walls. The developing CMS meiocytes and tetrads of microspores do not show these abnormalities when compared with their N counterparts. The CMS microspore tetrads remain viable until a rudimentary exine forms around each microspore. At this time, the radially enlarged tapetum disintegrates, followed by disintegration of the tetrads. In N-line microsporogenesis, a peripheral, dense tapetum is present at the tetrad stage, and as each locule enlarges, free spaces occur around the tetrads. After a rudimentary exine with associated spines and colpi is formed around each microspore, the callose holding each tetrad together dissolves, freeing the microspores for further development. Eventually the binucleate tapetum becomes plasmodial, persisting until the vacuolate pollen stage.
Striking dynamics of II-VI microcavity polaritons after linearly polarized excitation

Laboratoire de Spectrometrie Physique (CNRS UMR5588), Universite Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France Received 8 June 2005, revised 28 June 2005, accepted 28 June 2005 Published online 10 November 2005 PACS 71.36. +c, 78.47. +p, 78.55. Et We present a detailed study of the polariton spin dynamics in a II-VI microcavity after linearly polarized excitation. We have found that the vertically polarized (i.e. TE) emission is systematically larger than the horizontally polarized one (i.e. TM) for both, vertically and horizontally polarized excitation. Further-more, a persistent difference between the two components of the emission is observed, leading to a net and constant (within the duration of the emission) linear polarization degree. Additionally, we have ob-served marked oscillations of the linear polarization degree once the excitation power is raised above the polariton-polariton stimulated scattering threshold.
Evidence On Implementing A Balanced Scorecard System At The Port Authority Of Valencia

This paper examines the implementation of a strategic management system at the Port Authority of Valencia, a government body managing and controlling the ports of Valencia, Sagunto and Gandia in Spain. The methodology used is a case study, a method that has grown increasingly popular in this field of research. The analysis of this implementation process has included a study on the design and implementation of the balanced scorecard model, as well as research on how a strategy map was drawn, performance measurement software applied and a strategy management process implemented in the organization. This research provides further knowledge of the changes that an organization undergoes to implement a strategic management system.
Prevention of Preterm Birth in Triplets : An Evaluation of 17 Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate

Objective—To assess whether 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate reduces the rate of preterm birth in women carrying triplets. Methods—We performed this randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled trial in 14 centers. Healthy women with triplets were randomized to weekly intramuscular injections of either 250 mg of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate or matching placebo, starting at 16-20 weeks and ending at delivery or 35 weeks of gestation. The primary study outcome was delivery or fetal loss prior to 35 weeks. Results—One hundred thirty-four women were randomized, 71 to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and 63 to placebo; none were lost to followup. Baseline demographic data were similar in the two groups. The proportion of women experiencing the primary outcome (a composite of delivery or fetal loss prior to 35 0/7 weeks) was similar in the two treatment groups : 83% of pregnancies in the 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate group and 84% in the placebo group, relative risk (RR) 1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9 to1.1. The lack of benefit of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate was evident regardless of the conception method or whether a gestational age cut off for delivery was set at 32 or 28 weeks. Conclusion—Treatment with 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate did not reduce the rate of preterm birth in women with triplet gestation.