Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Age Layered Population Structure for the Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem

This thesis studies the NP-hard multi-depot vehicle routing problem (MDVRP) which is an extension of the classical VRP with the exception that vehicles based at one of several depots should service every customer assigned to that depot. Finding the optimal solution to MDVRP is computationally intractable for practical sized problem sets, and various meta-heuristics including genetic algorithms have been proposed in the literature. In this work, an efficient multi-population genetic algorithm based on age layered population structures for the MDVRP is proposed. Three inter-layer transfer strategies are proposed and multi-objective fitness evaluation is compared with weighted sum approach. An empirical study comparing the proposed approach with existing genetic algorithms and other meta-heuristics is carried out using wellknown benchmark data. The performance found in terms of solution quality is very
Emotional Health of Science and Agriculture Undergraduate Students

In everyday life, emotions play a very important role in deciding the behavior of human beings and how they react in various situations. The capacity of recognizing our own feelings and those of the others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships assumes great importance in our lives. The ability to monitor feelings from moment to moment is crucial for psychological insight and self-understanding (Sowmya and Betsur, 2010). An emotionally stable person can deal with problems more effectively than an emotionally disturbed person. Emotions can be shown in different ways or feelings. Emotional characteristics like self-confidence and empathy differ from other cognitive abilities because they are International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 08 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Antecedents of dysfunctional audit behaviour among auditors in Pakistan

Over the last three decades, publicized catastrophes like Enron, WorldCom have dented credibility of the auditing profession. It must be noted that despite rigorous auditing guidelines and standards being in place, Pakistan has had its share of corporate financial scandals such as Crescent Standard Bank scandal in 2006 and Taj company in 2004. In the light of these scandals, there is a need to investigate occurrences and causes of these failures, which is still limited in terms of empirical investigation conducted in Pakistan. The current study focused on determinants of dysfunctional audit behaviour; namely under reporting of time, premature sign off and altering procedure. Therefore, this study examined the influence of time budget pressure and professional skepticism on dysfunctional audit behaviour dimensions such as under reporting of time and premature sign off. Emotional intelligence was also examined as a moderator in the effect of time budget pressure on premature sign off and under reporting of time. The sample was 314 auditors employed at the Big4 and NonBig4 firms in Pakistan. Data were collected by questionnaire survey methods. For the data analysis purpose, SPSS- version 22 was used for descriptive and inferential statistics whereas Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach using AMOS version-22 was utilized for hypothetical relationship. Findings suggest that perceived level of dysfunctional audit behaviour, and time budget pressure were higher among junior level auditors in comparison to senior auditors. The perceived level of dysfunctional audit behaviour, and time budget pressure were higher in NonBig4 in comparison to Big4 firms. Findings also showed that the perceived level of professional skepticism was higher among senior auditors as compared to junior auditors working at NonBig4 firms. Results confirmed that time budget pressure and professional skepticism are two predictors of premature sign off and under reporting of time. Emotional intelligence also moderated the relationship between the time budget pressure and premature sign off. However, the findings did not support the moderation effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship of time budget pressure and under reporting of time. This study brings practical contribution to auditing profession; particularly to the regulatory body of auditors “Institute of Chartered Accountant of Pakistan” and audit firms. Thereby, this study will be beneficial to help understand dysfunctional audit behaviour which has been understudied or overlooked in Pakistani context.
Evaluation of a mobile learning system to support correct medication use for health promotion

Recently, the applications of mobile technology integration into innovative pedagogical approaches have resulted in new opportunities and challenges. The rapid development of mobile technology encourages student participation, knowledge sharing, collaboration, and the social interaction necessary to form authentic learning communities around student-generated content anytime and anywhere. Most health education interventions remain focused on traditional lecture methods and neglect the importance of student-centered learning approaches, few studies have examined the effectiveness of mobile technology on health promotion. Therefore, this paper designed a mobile learning system for learning correct medication use and investigated students’ continuance usage intention. The findings revealed that students’ satisfaction with mobile learning was the major factor predicting continuance intention.
Metamorphosis of Public Speaking Anxiety: Student Fear Transformation Throughout the Introductory Communication Course

ABSTRACT Addressing student public speaking anxiety (PSA) through an introductory speaking course is a fundamental pedagogical touchpoint. The current study replicates and extends PSA research by seeking to understand the nature of change in PSA that students experience. Results indicate that students’ fears and anxieties regarding public speaking change before the first speech (Time 1) and after the last speech (Time 2) in the course such that almost half who reported the same fears at Time 1 and Time 2 indicated that the fear had decreased or diminished in intensity. Memory glitches were the most often cited fear at both Time 1 and Time 2. Confirming previous research, student PSA decreased over time. These findings extend previous investigations by highlighting the intensity of change experienced about specific fears identified and establishing a connection between fears and PSA. Training students in an introductory speaking course appears effective (and economical) in reducing levels of PSA. Future research should target the link between specific pedagogical tools and changes in student PSA.
Worth many sins: Al-Shabaab’s shifting relationship with Kenyan women

ABSTRACT What happens when the world’s ‘oldest profession’ interacts with history’s oldest form of war? In the Horn of Africa, a symbiotic relationship between prostitutes and terrorists has emerged, illuminating critical information about the group’s ideology and strategy. In this article, we argue that al-Shabaab’s differential treatment of Somali and other East African women reveals the group’s strategic focus on Somalia, despite its claims to be a globally focused Islamic extremist organization. Through original ethnographic fieldwork in Kenya, the authors explore al-Shabaab’s deliberate relationships with different groups of women and explain how this helps scholars better understand the group. This article suggests the next phase of scholarship on gender and terrorism, encouraging scholars not only to pay attention to the relationship between women and terrorist groups, but to also examine the nuanced relationships between different categories of women and terrorist groups.
Work Value Transmission From Parents to Children: Early Socialization and Delayed Activation

This study examines the transmission of work values from parents to children between mid-adolescence and early midlife. The authors propose that work-related values are transmitted from parents to children in two sequential and complementary processes stretched across adolescence and early adulthood. The first process of work value exposure and reception in the family context is captured by the socialization model. The second process is one of delayed value activation, long after initial socialization, when the young adult offspring engages with the demands and vicissitudes of their own emerging careers. The authors find evidence for family socialization in adolescence and also support for the delayed activation model during adulthood. Although parental values were measured more than two decades earlier, the authors find the strongest associations of parent and child values when the offspring were in their late 30s. In addition, parent–child value similarity is heightened when adult children navigate career uncertainty and change, consistent with a delayed activation process.
Guaranteed Localization of More Sources Than Sensors With Finite Snapshots in Multiple Measurement Vector Models Using Difference Co-Arrays

The Multiple Measurement Vector (MMV) problem is central to sparse signal processing, where the goal is to recover the common support of a set of unknown sparse vectors of size <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>, from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math></inline-formula> compressed measurement vectors, each of size <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M << N$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Recent advances in correlation-aware and Bayesian techniques for MMV models show promising evidence that under appropriate assumptions, it is possible to recover supports of size (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$s$</tex-math></inline-formula>) <italic>larger than the dimension (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$</tex-math></inline-formula>)</italic> of each measurement vector. However, these results are primarily asymptotic in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and cannot provide support recovery guarantees for finite <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math></inline-formula>. This paper overcomes such drawback by focusing on a broader family of correlation-aware optimization problems (which include convex problems), and establishing rigorous <italic>non-asymptotic</italic> probabilistic guarantees in the regime <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$s>M$</tex-math></inline-formula> when the measurements are collected using appropriately designed sparse sensor arrays (such as nested and coprime). Assuming the source locations obey a certain “minimum separation” condition, we develop uniform upper bounds on the estimation error that is obeyed by any algorithm belonging to this family, and utilize this bound to ensure probabilistic support recovery in the regime <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$s>M$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Our results crucially rely upon (i) the unique geometry of the difference co-array of the sparse arrays, and (ii) certain non-negativity constraints on the optimization variable. As a result of independent interest, we also show that this upper bound is tight with respect to the dimension <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Extensive numerical simulations (including phase transition plots) are presented to validate the theoretical claims.
Emotion perception in Arabic and English by Arabic/English monolinguals and Arabic-English bilinguals : a mixed methods investigation

This thesis investigates variation in the emotion perception (EP) and the perceived emotional intensity of six emotions in the Arabic and English languages for 609 participants, consisting of 205 Arabic-English bilinguals, 71 Arabic monolinguals, and 333 English monolinguals. Independent variables include the status of language (monolinguals versus bilinguals), psychological variables (trait emotional intelligence—TEI), linguistic proficiency, socio-biographical variables (age, gender, and education level), linguistic profile variables (age and contexts of L2 acquisition, frequency of language use, and residence in English-speaking countries—ESCs), in-group advantage, and bicultural identity orientations. This study adopts an acculturation perspective to explore the relationship between bicultural identities and the EP of bilinguals who live in ESCs. The stimuli used to depict the emotions were 12 short audio-visual video clips: six in Arabic and six in English. A mixed methods approach was utilised. The quantitative study was based on data obtained from web-based questionnaires that were translated into Arabic and English. The qualitative study consisted of semi-structured interviews with seven Arabic-English bilinguals about their opinions towards emotion perception in the L1 and L2 and the challenges they face in interpreting emotions. The findings showed that bilinguals outperformed monolinguals in EP in English but did not perform better than Arabic monolinguals in EP in Arabic. The bilingual group also outperformed monolingual groups at the TEI level, suggesting a significant (but small) bilingual advantage in the psychological and emotional domains. TEI, as well as linguistic proficiency scores, was significantly correlated with the EP scores of the bilinguals and English monolinguals. The socio-biographical and linguistic profile variables and bicultural identity were also linked to the EP scores. Monolinguals were able to easily identify emotions in their L1, adding evidence to the claim that language and culture play a fundamental role in emotion construction.
Delinquent Development Among Early-Onset Offenders: Identifying and Characterizing Trajectories Based on Frequency Across Types of Offending

Early-onset offending is generally recognized as a risk factor for persistent criminal behavior. However, variation in long-term delinquent development among early-onset offenders remains rather underexplored and poorly understood. We, therefore, used multitrajectory modeling to identify distinct subgroups of early-onset offenders (n = 708) based on the frequency of offending across several types of offenses up to age 25. We used multinomial regression analysis to characterize subgroups on gender, ethnicity, and childhood neighborhood characteristics. Six offender subgroups could be distinguished in our data: nonrecidivists (51%), sporadic recidivists (25%), and low-rate (8%), moderate-rate (10%), high-rate adult-peaked (3%), and high-rate adolescence-peaked recidivists (3%). Males, minorities, and children from disadvantaged neighborhoods were more likely to follow re-offending trajectories characterized by increased levels of property crime, vandalism, and violent and sexual offenses. Findings are discussed in relation to criminological theory, and recommendations are made for future life-course criminological research.
Child Maltreatment, Relationship With Father, Peer Substance Use, and Adolescent Marijuana Use

Abstract This longitudinal prospective study examined the relationship between child maltreatment as per reports to child protective services (CPS) and adolescent self-reported marijuana use, and the association between relationships with mothers and fathers and use of marijuana. The association between relationships with parents early in childhood (ages 6 to 8 years) and during adolescence with adolescent marijuana use were also probed. Another aim examined whether relationships with parents moderated the link between child maltreatment and youth marijuana use. The sample included 702 high-risk adolescents from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN), a consortium of five studies related to maltreatment. Children were recruited at age 4 or 6 years together with their primary caregiver. Some were recruited due to their risk for child maltreatment, others were already involved with CPS, and children in one site had been placed in foster care. Logistic regression analysis was performed using youth self-report of marijuana use as the criterion variable and child maltreatment and the relationships with parents as predictor variables, controlling for youths’ perceptions of peer substance use and parental monitoring, parental substance use, race/ethnicity, sex, and study site. Approximately half the youths had used marijuana. Most of them described quite positive relationships with their mothers and fathers. Participant marijuana use was associated with a poorer quality of relationship with mother during adolescence, and with peer and parental substance use. A better relationship with father, but not mother, during adolescence attenuated the connection between child maltreatment and youth marijuana use.
Visual perception of liquids: Insights from deep neural networks

Visually inferring material properties is crucial for many tasks, yet poses significant computational challenges for biological vision. Liquids and gels are particularly challenging due to their extreme variability and complex behaviour. We reasoned that measuring and modelling viscosity perception is a useful case study for identifying general principles of complex visual inferences. In recent years, artificial Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have yielded breakthroughs in challenging real-world vision tasks. However, to model human vision, the emphasis lies not on best possible performance, but on mimicking the specific pattern of successes and errors humans make. We trained a DNN to estimate the viscosity of liquids using 100.000 simulations depicting liquids with sixteen different viscosities interacting in ten different scenes (stirring, pouring, splashing, etc). We find that a shallow feedforward network trained for only 30 epochs predicts mean observer performance better than most individual observers. This is the first successful image-computable model of human viscosity perception. Further training improved accuracy, but predicted human perception less well. We analysed the network’s features using representational similarity analysis (RSA) and a range of image descriptors (e.g. optic flow, colour saturation, GIST). This revealed clusters of units sensitive to specific classes of feature. We also find a distinct population of units that are poorly explained by hand-engineered features, but which are particularly important both for physical viscosity estimation, and for the specific pattern of human responses. The final layers represent many distinct stimulus characteristics—not just viscosity, which the network was trained on. Retraining the fully-connected layer with a reduced number of units achieves practically identical performance, but results in representations focused on viscosity, suggesting that network capacity is a crucial parameter determining whether artificial or biological neural networks use distributed vs. localized representations.
Loneliness, sociability and depression in old age home elderly

Background: Increasing elderly population became a big concern to health professionals. Loneliness, lack of socialization and depression is quite frequently reported in elderly population. Lack of evidence on impact of socialization and loneliness on depression necessitate this survey. The current work focused on level of socialization, loneliness and depression among elderly residing in old age homes.Methods: The cross-sectional survey includes 100 purposively selected elderly from selected old age homes, Uttarakhand. Elderly were interviewed by using University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness scale, Geriatric depression scale (GDS) and Eysenck personality inventory (EPI) sociability subscale of extroversion. Appropriate statistics was applied to generate results.Results: Findings revealed a significant relationship of loneliness with depression (r=-0.740, p<0.01) and sociability (r=0.195, p<0.01). Similarly, sociability and depression were found dependent on each other (r=-0.354, p<0.01) in elderly.Conclusions: Elderly residing in old age homes need due attention and care to get rid of these silent psychological problems. Timely medical care and measures to improve socialization may help to anticipate mortality and morbidity and protect the vulnerable population.
Emotional experience and prosocial behavior in observers of unjust situations

Five studies tested the emotional experience and prosocial motivations in observers (i.e., third parties) of unjust situations. Studies 1 and 2 found that anger was the most dominant emotion experienced in unjust situations, and that prosocial behavior towards a victim decreased when justice had already been restored by compensation of the victim. Study 3 added that the experience of anger also decreases when justice is restored. Study 4 generalized the effects to different types of compensation. Study 5 switches to the perspective of the victim, showing a larger decrease in the most dominant emotion anger when justice was restored by means of compensation than by punishment. The implications of these findings with regard to third-party emotions and behavior in unjust situations are discussed. Keywords: injustice, emotion, prosocial, compensation, punishment, third party
Stop the Frack! Exploring the Media’s Portrayal of the Social Representation of an Anti-Fracking Protest at the Baltic Sea

ABSTRACT Public acceptance is crucial for the implementation of new energy technologies related to climate change. Supporters promote fracking as a sustainable, flexible and affordable technological revolution, while opponents point to ecological, financial, and social risks for communities. The communication activities of environmental activists play a significant role in shaping this discourse. Based on Social Representation Theory, the current paper presents the findings of a qualitative case study on the media coverage of an attempt to drill at the Baltic Sea in Germany and an environmental action group’s (EAG) subsequent protest against fracking. The findings, contextualized with personal interviews with members of the group, indicate that the loosely organized but highly networked EAG Erdöl Barth had a significant impact on the social and environmental representation in the media over time through their grassroots communication.
Learning achievement goal theory and teaching students legal problem solving

ABSTRACT This article examines achievement goal theory and how it describes student approaches to learning. It adopts the 2 × 2 achievement goal framework and examines how mastery goal achievement orientation in students fosters better quality, deep learning and leads to better outcomes. It then explores how a mastery goal achievement approach in students can be encouraged through the use of scaffolding instruction. It looks at the use of scaffolding instruction in two particular contexts: creating a supportive classroom social environment and setting classroom and assessment tasks which are appropriately challenging in the context of setting legal problem questions. It examines the empirical evidence that encouraging mastery goal achievement approaches in students using these two methods can improve their deep learning and also their results. It also gives examples of the author’s own experience of using scaffolding instruction to improve students’ results, in particular as regards teaching legal problem-solving to business school students with no prior knowledge of the law or legal problem-solving.
Teachers' and Students' Perceptions of Using L1 in the ESP Classroom: A Case of Medical English at an Applied Medical College in Saudi Arabia.

19 Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions of Using L1 in the ESP Classroom: a Case of Medical English at an Applied Medical College in Saudi Arabia Mohammad Qasim AlTarawneh* & Eyad Ahmad AlMithqal 2 ESP instructor, AlGhad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, KSA ESP instructor, AlGhad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, KSA Corresponding Author: Mohammad AlTarawneh, E-mail: mohdqasim1982@gmail.com