Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Participatory Watershed Development in India: Can it Sustain Rural Livelihoods?

The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of policy interventions through watershed development (WD) on the livelihoods of the rural communities. This is done by assessing the programme in the context of a sustainable rural livelihoods framework, that is, looking at its impact on the five types of capital assets and strategies required for the means of living. The article also examines the vulnerability and stability of these capital assets, as well as analysing which people participate in the programme and enhance their livelihoods through sharing its benefits. In the light of the analysis, it is argued that watershed development holds the potential for enhanced livelihood security even in geo-climatic conditions where the watershed cannot bring direct irrigation benefits on a large scale. In such fragile environments, however, watershed development is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for sustaining rural livelihoods. While the focus of watershed development is primarily on strengthening the ecological base such as water bodies (including traditional tanks), grazing lands and wastelands, it should be complemented with other programmes which focus on landless poor households in order to make it pro-poor. In the context of low rainfall regions where improvement in irrigation facilities is slow, agriculture alone cannot support the communities. Policies and programmes should aim at creating an environment for diverse livelihood activities, which are the choice of the household rather than distress activities.
Barriers to Health Services Perceived by People Living With HIV and Their Families

Introducction: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that destroys the body's T cells. Its advanced stage is the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), since its onset, it has been extensively studied because of an associated burden of morbidity and also to understand the access barriers to diagnostic tests and the required treatment. Objective: To understand the barriers to access health services as perceived by adults living with HIV and their families in the city of Medellín (Colombia). Methodology: A qualitative investigation by using historical-hermeneutical approach was carried out, involving 23 participants (seropositive patients and their relatives). The information was collected through semi-structured interviews, later codified and analyzed based on Strauss and Corbin's Grounded Theory. Results: In this study, the access barriers to health services as perceived by adults living with HIV and their families are represented in administrative constraints, affecting economic and interpersonal relationships as well as social nature that materialize the impact of the social stigmas created around the virus on the mental health of seropositive person and their closest affective environment. Conclusion: The stigma surrounding HIV leads seropositive people and their families to perceive it as a barrier to accessing cultural services, which demands greater intervention efforts by health authorities than other types of barriers in health systems.
The banking crisis with interbank market freeze

This paper studies banking crises characterized by interbank market freeze, fire sale and contagion in a model with collateralized interbank loans. We examine the role of interbank market in spreading and amplifying crises by distinguishing three sources of liquidity risks, i.e., panic-induced run, foreign sovereign debt crisis and gambling behavior. Our results underline that ex-post insufficient bank capital and/or liquidity reserves could lead the interbank market to malfunction. However, implementing more restrictive regulations to reinforce banks' resilience to shocks could hamper their role as financial intermediary and may have perverse effects on their gambling behaviors. Therefore, the crisis management by a government even without monetary sovereignty is crucial in ensuring the well-functioning of the interbank market and hence the stability of the banking system, and it is effective as long as the scale of bailout is credible in the sense of not compromising the government's solvency.
Process and Product: Creating Stories with Deaf Students.

This article describes the implementation of one element of an adapted language arts curriculum for Deaf students in a bilingual (American Sign Language and English) educational setting. It examines the implementation of writing workshops in three elementary classrooms in a school for Deaf students. The typical steps of preparing/planning, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing were carried out by all students in both languages to create stories and produce final products in both videotaped American Sign Language and written English. The effective practice of writing workshop was adapted to meet the learning needs of Deaf students by including visual processing, meaning-based teaching strategies, and bilingual methods. By having opportunities to create and revise stories in their first language (ASL), students experienced an increased sense of ownership of their work and developed some of the metalinguistic skills that are essential to becoming effective writers.
Determination of antioxidant activities of dried kacangma (Leonurus sibiricus) extract in three bioassay systems

Kacangma (Leonurus sibiricus L.) is a potential medicinal and culinary herb of Sarawak and its biological activities have not been fully studied. Antioxidantactivities of ethanol and aqueous extracts of dried kacangma were studied under three bioassay systems, namely, auto-oxidation of linoleic acid lipid system(LP), xanthine oxidase superoxide scavenging activity (XOD) and 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH). Based on the antioxidantactivity range, antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was high in LP system(72%), moderate in XOD system (70%) and low in DPPH system (49%). On the other hand, antioxidant activity of aqueous extract was found high in all three bioassays with mean percentages of 73, 76 and 78% for LP, XOD and DPPH respectively. Thus, the results indicated that extraction using water was more efficient than ethanol in extracting antioxidant compounds from dried kacangma. Keywords: Leonurus sibiricus; antioxidant activity; extraction; radical scavenging; xanthine oxidase superoxide
Numerical modeling of reverse fault rupture propagation through clayey embankments

This paper presents results of a thorough study on the phenomenon of rupture propagation of reverse faults from the bedrock foundation through homogeneous clayey embankments, mainly at the end of construction, with complementary analyses for the steady state seepage through the embankment. The study is performed by means of numerical analyses with a nonlinear Finite Element Method, verified beforehand through simulating fault propagations in an existing horizontal soil layer experiment. Multiple cases considering three slopes & three clayey soils for the embankment and five fault dip angles, activated in several locations of base of the embankment, are analyzed. The results show that ruptures in the embankment follow optimal paths to reach the surface and their near-surface directions are predictable with respect to corresponding theories of classical soil mechanics. Various types of rupture in the embankment are produced; on the basis of the rupture types, the embankment base is divided into three distinguishable zones, which can be used for interpretation of fault ruptures behavior. The effects of materials and slope of the embankment, fault dip angle, and fault’s point of application in the bedrock-soil interface on the rupture paths are studied in depth.
The Relationship Between Right-Wing Authoritarianism & Support for Military Action Among Millennial Voters

This thesis examined the relationship between Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Militarism among millennial students at John Jay College. Previous studies have already suggested a relationship between RWA, heightened perceived individual or communal threat, and aggressive attitudes – especially towards outsiders. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to gauge the level of authoritarianism and that was endorsed by each subject and these RWA factor scores were contrasted between participants who endorsed Militarism as a viable U.S. foreign policy tactic and those who did not. Consistent with our hypothesis, results suggest that individuals who supported militarism as a viable means to solving international conflicts also scored higher on RWA. However, our results point out a divergence from the core construct of authoritarianism, where by its relevance as a form of governance (which was estimated in this study) may be unrelated to endorsement of conservative values concerning sex, religion and other personal freedoms. The implications for the drivers underlying support of U.S. military interventions worldwide among millennials are discussed.
Growth rate, condition, and shell shape of Mytilus galloprovincialis: responses to wave exposure

Growth rates, condition indices and shell shapes of Mytilus galloprovincialis, an inva- sive alien mussel that has colonised the west coast of South Africa, were measured at a series of sites with different wave exposure regimes in 2 regions 500 km apart. Wave action at the sites was deter- mined by maximum wave-force dynamometers. M. galloprovincialis grew faster and had higher con- dition values on exposed than on sheltered shores, probably due to higher food availability at sites with greater water flow. Growth rates and condition values, however, declined at sites experiencing extreme wave action. This resulted in a polynomial relationship between the growth coefficient K, and wave force. Mussels grew slower in the southern region, where food concentrations are lower. The shells of M. galloprovincialis tended to be lower and narrower at exposed sites, perhaps reduc- ing the effect of hydrodynamic forces. Mussel shells were thickest on sheltered and extremely exposed shores. The results are discussed in the context of the impact that M. galloprovincialis is likely to have on indigenous species. Because M. galloprovincialis is scarce and slow-growing at sheltered sites, its competitive effects there are likely to be minimal, whereas on exposed sites its density, growth and condition are highest and its effects will peak, diminishing again at extremely exposed sites.
Special Education Teacher Retention and Attrition

The lack of qualified special education teachers threatens the quality of education that students with disabilities receive. Attrition plays a part in the teacher shortage problem, and efforts to improve retention must be informed by an understanding of the factors that contribute to attrition. Specifically, the author provides a thematic analysis of studies investigating factors that contribute to special education teacher attrition and retention. She addresses four major themes: teacher characteristics and personal factors, teacher qualifications, work environments, and teachers' affective reactions to work. Following this thematic review, a critique of definitional, conceptual, and methodological approaches used to study special education attrition is provided, as are priorities for future research.
Representation stability for the cohomology of the pure string motion groups

The cohomology of the pure string motion group PSigma_n admits a natural action by the hyperoctahedral group W_n. Church and Farb conjectured that for each k > 0, the sequence of degree k rational cohomology groups of PSigma_n is uniformly representation stable with respect to the induced action by W_n, that is, the description of the groups' decompositions into irreducible W_n representations stabilizes for n >> k. We use a characterization of the cohomology groups given by Jensen, McCammond, and Meier to prove this conjecture. Using a transfer argument, we further deduce that the rational cohomology groups of the string motion group vanish in positive degree. We also prove that the subgroup of orientation-preserving string motions, also known as the braid-permutation group, is rationally cohomologically stable in the classical sense.
THE EVOLUTION OF X-RAY CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES

■ Abstract Considerable progress has been made over the past decade in the study of the evolutionary trends of the population of galaxy clusters in the Universe. In this review we focus on observations in the X-ray band. X-ray surveys with the ROSAT satellite, supplemented by follow-up studies with ASCA and Beppo-SAX, have allowed an assessment of the evolution of the space density of clusters out to z 1 and the evolution of the physical properties of the intracluster medium out to z 0.5. With the advent of Chandra and Newton-XMM and their unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution, these studies have been extended beyond redshift unity and have revealed the complexity of the thermodynamical structure of clusters. The properties of the intracluster gas are significantly affected by nongravitational processes including star formation and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) activity. Convincing evidence has emerged for modest evolution of both the bulk of the X-ray cluster population and their thermodynamical properties since redshift unity. Such an observational scenario is consistent with hierarchical models of structure formation in a flat low-density
Growth and gastrointestinal indices in Nile tilapia fed with different diets

The adequate diet of Nile tilapia in their growth early stages is fundamental to the success of culture subsequent stages. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the Nile tilapia growth fed with different diets, and to morphometrically characterized the gastrointestinal tract of this species. The treatments consisted of three diets: (D1) natural food, (D2), commercial feed and (D3) commercial feed + natural food. In the qualitative phytoplankton analysis, there was greater representation of the genus Chlorella, while zooplankton community analysis revealed greater number of Brachionus rotifer. Growth and survival in D2 and D3 did not reveal differences (p > 0.05), while in D1, the results were significantly lower (p < 0.05). The gastro-somatic and entero-somatic indices, and the intestinal quotient revealed higher values when only natural food was available. Nile tilapia reached best zootechnical performance when commercial feed was included in the diet. The intake of natural and/or artificial food is related to the growth and development of the gastrointestinal indices, emphasizing that these indicators can be altered by the type of feeding.
THE INFORMATION-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC : A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN IN MAKULULU-KABWE by CHEWE MUMBA

v DEDICATION.vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.vii LIST OF TABLES.xii LIST OF FIGURES.xiii LIST OF ACRONYMS.xiv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.1 1.0 Overview.1 1.1 Background of the Study.1 1.2 Maternal Information among Women in Zambia.3 1.3 Importance of Maternal information.5 1.5 Maternal Health problems women face when pregnant.7 1.6 Statement of the problem.8 1.6. 1 Objectives.9
ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS ACTIVITY OF CRUDE ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF MANGROVE RHIZOSPHERE FUNGI, TRICHODERMA SPP.

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in the developing countries including India. Increase in multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively multi-drug resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, there is an insistent need to search for new alternatives to combat this problem. Marine microbes are a source of novel compounds that can be harnessed for their antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity. The main aim of this study was to find out the anti-mycobacterial activity of crude extract of the rhizosphere soil fungus Trichoderma spp. against virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Totally four Trichoderma spp. were processed for crude extraction and screened for their anti-mycobacterial activity by both conventional and radiometric assay. The isolates were screened based on the maximum day of inhibition. Maximum inhibition was exhibited by 5mg/ml of all the fungal crude extract followed by 2mg/m, 1mg/ml and finally 0.5 mg/ml. The crude extract of Trichoderma harzianum showed negative growth up to maximum inhibition days in 5mg/ml and 2mg/ml, whereas Trichoderma viridae, Trichoderma inhamatum and Trichoderma harzianum (2) showing maximum inhibition only at 5mg/ml. The research study revealed that the four fungal crude extracts showed good anti-mycobacterial activity against virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Therefore, these crude extracts can be used as a potential source of antituberculosis agents to develop new drug molecules. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 4, 1798-1806. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 *Corresponding Author M. Kalaiselvam Centre for Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu. Article Received on 18 Feb 2017, Revised on 10 March 2017, Accepted on 01 April 2017 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20174-8369
Disability and the professional accountant: insights from oral histories

Purpose - This paper aims to explore the intersection of disability and accounting employment. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses oral history accounts of 12 disabled accountants. The authors investigate narrators' experiences of being disabled people and professional accountants, identify the barriers they encounter in professional employment, and how they (re)negotiate professional work. Findings - The narrators' accounts are complex and diverse. The narratives record a discourse of success, offset by the consistent identification of social and environmental barriers relating to limited opportunities, resources, and support. Originality/value - The paper develops the limited research on the relationship between disability and the accounting profession, expands the limited literature on disabled professionals' experience of work, provides voice for disabled accountants, adds to the limited oral histories available within accounting, and augments the accumulated literature considering the accounting profession and minorities.
Widely Tunable Quantum-Dot Source Around 3 μm

We propose a widely tunable parametric source in the 3 μm range, based on intracavity spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) of a quantum-dot (QD) laser emitting at 1.55 μm into signal and idler modes around 3.11 μm. To compensate for material dis- persion, we engineer the laser structure to emit in a higher-order transverse mode of the waveguide. The width of the latter is used as a degree of freedom to reach phase matching in narrow, deeply etched ridges, where the in-plane confinement of the QDs avoids non-radiative sidewall electron-hole recombination. Since this design depends critically on the knowledge of the refractive index of In 1−x Ga x As y P 1−y lattice matched to InP at wavelengths where no data are available in the literature, we have accurately determined them as a function of wavelength (λ = 1.55, 2.12 and 3 μm) and arsenic molar fraction (y = 0.55, 0.7 and 0.72) with a precision of ±4 × 10 −3 . A pair of dichroic dielectric mirrors on the waveguide facets is shown to result in a continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator (OPO), with a threshold around 60 mW. Emission is tunable over hundreds of nanometers and expected to achieve mW levels.
The strategic business value of internet usage in Small to Medium-sized Enterprises

In an increasingly global world, both information and information technology are of great significance to organization of all sizes. Businesses both large and small need information to succeed in today's rapidly changing environment, they need to be able to process data and use information effectively when conducting their day-to-day operations. The choice of SMEs as the main context of this paper is not arbitrary. It is chosen because of SMEs make significant contribution to most economies of the World. SMEs are extremely important to many countries. In some countries this group of organisations provide the foundation for the entire economy; their contribution to the economy cannot be over emphasised. Given the strategic importance of the SME sector to growth and job creation and the large base of Internet users, the success of SMEs gaining business leverage from the Internet is critical to the future of global economies. It is argued that SMEs stand to benefit significantly from the opportunities that Internet can offer to businesses. Therefore, the use of the Internet is widely seen as critical for the competitiveness of SMEs in the emerging global market.
Knowledge, Perceptions and Practices on Antiretroviral Therapy in Farming Communities in Ghana: A Study of HIV Positive Women

Low levels of knowledge of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and Prevention of Mother-To-Child-Trans mission (MTCT) among persons living with HIV present an unwanted window for transmission within the general population. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of HIV positive wo men on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and Prevention of Mother-To-Ch ild-Transmission (MTCT). The study surveyed 211 HIV positive wo men fro m A RT centres in two districts in Ashanti region of Ghana. Data was collected through interviews using structured questionnaires and focus group discussion using interview guides. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that about 15% of the wo men exh ibited no knowledge about the possibility of transmission of HIV fro m mother to child whilst 36% had no knowledge on the mode of MTCT of HIV. Those who had knowledge of MTCT indicated that this could be intrauterine (88%), delivery (69%) and through breastfeeding (82 %). Mothers with inco mprehensive knowledge on ART were 2.5 t imes more likely to defau lt A RT (OR=2.5, p=0.002). Co mprehensive knowledge was positively influenced by high education level (OR=1.9; p =0.003). Social marketing campaigns should be developed and targeted at improving wo men literacy on their health issues and getting more wo men to test for HIV in order to incorporate them into PMTCT programmes. Further research however needs to be conducted to ascertain the facility and community based factors that influence the women's knowledge on ART and PMTCT.
Development of smallholder dairying in Eastern Africa with particular reference to Kenya

Large increases in demand for milk and dairy products projected for the next 25 years represent exciting market opportunities for smallholders in eastern Africa. With the exception of Kenya, traditional cattle production systems based on indigenous breeds dominate milk production in the region, yet they contribute relatively little to marketed production, mainly because of poor access to major urban markets. Kenya, which has over 85% of the dairy cattle population, dominates dairy production and marketing in the region. Its per capita milk availability is four to seven times higher than the other countries in the region. The widespread adoption of dairy cattle in Kenya was stimulated by several interacting factors: the conducive policy and institutional environments provided by successive Governments; the presence of significant dairy populations (owned by settler farmers); a sub-tropical geography suitable for dairy cattle; and, smallholder communities who kept cattle and who had milk as an important part of their diet.