Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling the contribution of CO2 emissions from fuel used on total CO2 emissions at power generation in Indonesia

For electricity production, humans use fossil fuels, such as coal, fuel oil, diesel oil, and gas. The use of these fuels is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO2) gases. In this paper, we have proposed the model of CO2 emissions from the fuel used to total CO2, in electricity production in Indonesia. Modelling is done by using multiple linear regression, while the parameter estimation is done by using ordinary least square method (OLS). The data used are CO2 emissions in million tonnes of greenhouse gas generations for the period of 2000-2015. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the contribution of CO2 emissions from the fuel used, to total CO2 emissions in electricity production significantly follows the multiple linear regression model. The total of CO2 emission prediction by using estimated model estimator, yields mean absolute error (MAPE) of 0.01026323. These concludes that the prediction data is very close to the actual data.
Ideas and perspectives: Emerging contours of a dynamic exogenous
kerogen cycle

Abstract. Growing evidence points to the dynamic role that kerogen is playing on Earth's surface in controlling atmospheric chemistry over geologic time. Although quantitative constraints on the weathering of kerogen remain loose, its changing weathering behavior modulated by the activity of glaciers suggest that this largest pool of reduced carbon on Earth may have played a key part in atmospheric CO2 variability across recent glacial-interglacial times and beyond. This work enunciates the possibility of kerogen oxidation as a major driver of atmospheric CO2 increase in the wake of glacial episodes. This hypothesis of centennial and millennial-timescale-relevance for this chemical weathering pathway is substantiated by several lines of independent evidence synthesized in this contribution including the timing of CO2 increase, CO2 isotopic composition (13C and 14C), seawater osmium record, kerogen oxidation kinetics, observations of kerogen reburial, and modeling results. The author hypothesizes that the deglaciation of kerogen-rich lithologies in western Canada contributed majorly to the characteristic deglacial increase in atmospheric CO2, which reached an inflection point ≤ 300 years after the Laurentide Ice Sheet retreated into the kerogen-poor Canadian Shield. To quantitatively constrain the contribution of kerogen oxidation to CO2 rise at glacial terminations, systematic studies on CO2 fluxes emanating from the weathering of different lithologies, oxidation kinetics of kerogen along glacial chronosequences, and high-resolution temporal changes in the aerial extent of glacially exposed lithological units are needed.
USING SOME OILS OF MEDICAL PLANTS IN DIETS OF RABBITS UNDER HOT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

A completely random design of this experiment was conducted to evaluate rocket and onion oils or mixture of these oils in diets of NZW rabbits under climate summer conditions on their productive and reproductive performance traits. Digestibility coefficients and nutritive values, milk yield, some blood serum constitute and economic efficiency, semen characteristics of buck and their offspring performance were estimated. A total number of 48 NZW rabbit does (6 months old) and 12 bucks (6 month old) with nearly similar weights were divided at random into four groups (12 does and 3 bucks in each). Rabbits were fed either basal diets as control diet (G1) or control diet supplemented with either 1 g/kg diet of rocket oil (G2), onion oil (G3) or mixture of these oils (G4). The experiment prolonged during the hot summer conditions started in May to July, 2009. The experimental diet was isonitrogenous (CP=18.5%) and isocaloric (about 2401 kcal/kg DE). Results showed that percentages of total unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic were higher in onion oil than in rocket oil. The percentage of erucic fatty acid was higher in rocket oil than in onion oil. Does fed G2 diet recorded the highest (P<0.05) values of feed intake, final body ,weight, gain, conception rate, number of parturition, litter size, litter weight, litter weight gain at birth and at weaning. Digestibility coefficient of CP and EE and nutritive value expressed as DCP were the highest (P<0.05) with rabbits fed the rocket oil diet. Average daily milk yield during different lactation weeks and feed conversion ratio to milk production were the highest (P<0.05) for does fed rocket oil diet. However, does fed onion oil diet showed the highest (P<0.05) milk contents at most lactation weeks. Weight at weaning, weight gain and relative growth rate of bunnies were the highest (P<0.05) for does fed rocket oil diet. Mortality rate at birth and during the suckling period was the lowest (P<0.05) for bunnies of does fed onion oil diet. Does received rocket oil diet recorded the lowest (P ≤ 0.05) values of blood serum cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) followed by 268 SHEHATA et al. those fed mixture of rocket oil and onion oil. However, control group recorded the highest value. Most physical semen characteristics, including sperm cell concentration, and percentages of motility and dead spermatozoa were the best (P<0.05) for the buck rabbits fed rocket oil diet . Does received rocket oil diet recorded the highest net return and economic efficiency followed by those fed diet supplemented with onion oil or rocket oil plus onion oil. Results of the experiment showed that addition of 1 g rocket oil /kg diet was more effective than other treatments for improving productive and reproductive performance traits, digestibility coefficients and nutritive values, milk yield of NZW doe and buck rabbits under hot climate of summer season in Egypt.
Neolithic population crash in northwest Europe associated with agricultural crisis

Abstract The focus of this paper is the Neolithic of northwest Europe, where a rapid growth in population between ~5950 and ~5550 cal yr BP is followed by a decline that lasted until ~4950 cal yr BP. The timing of the increase in population density correlates with the local appearance of farming and is attributed to the advantageous effects of agriculture. However, the subsequent population decline has yet to be satisfactorily explained. One possible explanation is the reduction in yields in Neolithic cereal-based agriculture due to worsening climatic conditions. The suggestion of a correlation between Neolithic climate deterioration, agricultural productivity, and a decrease in population requires testing for northwestern Europe. Data for our analyses were collected during the Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe project. We assess the correlation between agricultural productivity and population densities in the Neolithic of northwest Europe by examining the changing frequencies of crop and weed taxa before, during and after the population “boom and bust. ” We show that the period of population decline is coincidental with a decrease in cereal production linked to a shift towards less fertile soils.
Effect of pipes installation by modified machine for subsurface drip irrigation system on maize crop yield costs

The machine of pipes installation of subsurface drip irrigation systems was tested and studied at the Abu-Ghalib farms production (private farm), El-Giza Governorate, Egypt, in growing summer season 2017. The goal of this research was to study the technical and economical evaluation of the installation subsurface pipes for drip irrigation system by Manual method (M) as control, Semi-Mechanical method (SM), and Quad-Raw Machine method (QRM) using different lateral spacing. The QRM method of installation is powered by tractor, the SM method consists of three steps: firstly, the drill plow is drilled under the soil using the tractor, then the pipes are extended in the holes by the labors, and the M method of installation is by labors only for all steps for installation subsurface drip irrigation at different lateral spacing (0.6, 1.0, and 1.4 m) on cost analysis for maize crop production. Production costs of corn crop in US Dollar ($), results showed that net profits were higher by using sub-surface drip system with SM method exceeded 10% for the drip surface irrigation system M method. Value of the net income of the economic unit of irrigation water used ($ m -3 ) was the highest with using drip sub-surface irrigation SM method and QRM method compared to the surface drip system by 50% and 51% under both. Value of the net income from the physical unit of irrigation water used (kg m -3 ) were increased by 6.6% and 5.2% with subsurface drip irrigation SM method, QRM method relative to surface drip irrigation system QRM. Authors recommend using sub-surface drip irrigation designs (SM method and QRM method) using different lateral spacing machine installation because it had improved the maize yield and stover production, net profit, and the physical income.
Contrasting seasonality of storm rainfall and flood runoff in the UK and some implications for rainfall-runoff methods of flood estimation

Using data from 520 gauging stations in Britain and gridded rainfall datasets, the seasonality of storm rainfall and flood runoff is compared and mapped. Annual maximum (AMAX) daily rainfall occurs predominantly in summer, but AMAX floods occur most frequently in winter. Seasonal occurrences of annual daily rainfall and flood maxima differ by more than 50% in dry lowland catchments. The differences diminish with increasing catchment wetness, increase with rainfalls shorter than daily duration and are shown to depend primarily on catchment wetness, as illustrated by variations in mean annual rainfall. Over the whole dataset, only 34% of AMAX daily flood events are matched to daily rainfall annual maxima (and only 20% for 6-hour rainfall maxima). The discontinuity between rainfall maxima and flooding is explained by the consideration of coincident soil moisture storage. The results have serious implications for rainfall-runoff methods of flood risk estimation in the UK where estimation is based on a depth–duration–frequency model of rainfall highly biased to summer. It is concluded that inadequate treatment of the seasonality of rainfall and soil moisture seriously reduces the reliability of event-based flood estimation in Britain.
Prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths in slaughtered cattle in Walungu Territory, South Kivu Province, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

An abattoir cross sectional survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic helminths in slaughtered cattle at Kankinda and Mugogo Municipal abattoirs located in Walungu territory, South Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Using qualitative and quantitative coprological examination, 200 fecal samples were tested. Gastrointestinal helminths’ eggs were detected in only 148 samples tested giving an overall prevalence of 74%. The most diversity class was nematodes with four species, followed by trematode and cestode with two species in each, both representing species abundances of 44.4%, 22.2% and 22.2% respectively and only one protozoan species was identified (11.1%). However, the prevalence of helminths in relation to sex and age group revealed no statistical difference at P value >0.05. The exotic breed presented the highest infection rate of 72.5% (OR=4.6, 95% CI: 1.9–11.1; p =0.0004) compared to the local breed. Similarly high prevalence of helminthes was found in slaughtered cattle from local farms 90.6% (OR=4.1; 95% CI: 1.9–9.5; p =0.0001) compared to cattle imported from Rwanda. The prevalent helminthes species identified were Eimeria bovis (74%), followed by Schistosoma bovis (41%); Hymenolepis diminuta (39%); Toxocara vitulorum (32.5%) and the least species observed were Fasciola gigantica (18%); Strongyloides papillosus (11.5%); Trichonstrongylus sp (7%); Haemonchus spp (6.5%); and Moniezia spp (6%). These findings reflect a growing burden of gastrointestinal parasite infections at abattoir level. Therefore, a proper management, improved hygiene and regular deworming practices should be institutionalized for prevention and control of parasitic infections in livestock.
Species diversity and distribution of mud crab in Marudu Bay mangrove forest reserve, Sabah, Malaysia

Sabah has extensive mangrove forests surrounded by oceanic waters which provide suitable habitat for many species of animals including mud crabs (Scylla spp.). This study was conducted to obtain information on the species composition, distribution and catch per unit effort in Marudu Bay, Sabah. Samplings were done monthly in five mangrove areas along the river channels in Marudu Bay (06Â°33â€™N; 114Â°44â€™E) from October 2012 to September 2013 using collapsible baited crab traps. From a total of 1859 mud crab specimens caught in Marudu Bay, three species were identified. Scylla tranquebarica was the dominant species forming 78% of the total followed by S. paramamosain 13% and S. olivacea 8%. The number of males (n=1224) was higher compared to females (n=635) with an average sex ratio male : female of 1.0:0.5. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) showed an average value of 0.55 trap-1 day-1 and revealed a declining trend throughout the sampling. S. tranquebarica was widely distributed in all the rivers surveyed, however, it mostly occurred in near the lower reaches of the river near the areas open to the sea where average water salinity ranged from 12.98 to 14.28 ppt and the environment favoured the growth of Rhizophora sp. Other species, S. paramamosain and S. olivacea, were mostly found in upstream areas covered generally by Nypa sp. and where average water salinity varied from 6.93 to 7.50 ppt. The information on the species composition, distribution and CPUE of the mud crabs in Marudu Bay can be useful for mud crab fisheries resources management in Sabah.
Late Cretaceous Chemical Remagnetization of the Paleozoic Carbonates from the Undeformed Foreland of the Western Canadian Cordillera

Viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) recently acquired in the Earth's magnetic field provides a compass to recover in-situ orientation of unoriented core material. This method was used to date a late chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) in Paleozoic carbonate rocks (Devonian to Mississippian) from the foreland of the western Canadian Cordillera. The paleomagnetic data showed three distinct components: (1) a low-temperature component, which is commonly removed at temperatures below 180C and is assumed to be induced by drilling; (2) a medium-temperature component, which is commonly removed below 250–400C, with a steep normal polarity direction; and (3) a high-temperature component, which is isolated above 250–400C. In the foothills, high-temperature magnetizations always have steep reverse polarities, whereas in the Interior Plains, both normal and reverse polarities with more scattered inclinations are observed. The agreement between theoretical and laboratory blocking temperatures supports the interpretation that the medium-temperature component has recorded Earth's magnetic field over the normal polarity Brunhes epoch as a VRM. The same approach for the high-temperature component led to the interpretation that the high unblocking temperatures indicate a CRM event that affected the Paleozoic carbonates long after deposition. This component is equivalent to the A component observed by Enkin et al. (2000) in exposed strata. By correcting declination values using the medium-temperature component, the direction of the high-temperature component in the Interior Plains is D = 330.4, I = 74.3, k = 84, 95 = 3.4, N = 22 specimens, and in the foothills, it is D = 331.3, I = 82.4, k = 30, 95 = 8.1N = 12 specimens, corresponding to pole position consistent with the Late Cretaceous section of the North American apparent polar wander path.
Marcadores moleculares em cncer de mama preditivos de metstases axilares

OBJETIVO: Avaliar e relacionar fatores morfologicos e moleculares de câncer de mama preditivos de metastases em linfonodos axilares. METODOS: Selecionamos 123 casos de carcinomas mamarios invasores subdivididos em tres grupos de acordo com o status axilar (pacientes com macrometastases, com micrometastases e linfonodo-negativas). Avaliamos e correlacionamos a presenca de metastases axilares com fatores morfologicos (tamanho do tumor, tipo e grau histologicos, invasao linfatica e sanguinea em lâminas coradas pela hematoxilina e eosina) e moleculares do tumor primario (receptores de estrogeno e progesterona, Ki67, p53, E-caderina, Her2, e invasao linfatica e sanguinea em lâminas coradas pela imunoistoquimica, para D2-40 e CD31). RESULTADOS: A ocorrencia de metastases axilares esteve positivamente relacionada a embolizacao neoplasica em vasos linfaticos em lâminas coradas pela hematoxilina e eosina (HE), quando analisamos os casos com metastases e sem metastases (p=0,04), e, quando eles eram analisados em tres subgrupos (p=0,002). Tambem identificamos relacao positiva e estatisticamente significativa entre a presenca de metastases axilares e invasao de vasos sanguineos em lâminas coradas pelo CD31 (p=0,02). As demais variaveis moleculares e morfologicas nao mostraram relacao estatisticamente significativa com a presenca de metastases. CONCLUSAO: A invasao neoplasica em vasos linfaticos e sanguineos identificadas em cortes histologicos corados pela HE e por marcadores imunoistoquimicos relaciona-se positivamente com a ocorrencia de metastases, e e preditivo de metastases em linfonodos axilares em câncer de mama.
The impact of inter‐flood duration on non‐cohesive sediment bed stability

Limited field and flume data suggests that both uniform and graded beds appear to progressively stabilize when subjected to inter‐flood flows as characterized by the absence of active bedload transport. Previous work has shown that the degree of bed stabilization scales with duration of inter‐flood flow, however, the sensitivity of this response to bed surface grain size distribution has not been explored. This article presents the first detailed comparison of the dependence of graded bed stability on inter‐flood flow duration. Sixty discrete experiments, including repetitions, were undertaken using three grain size distributions of identical D50 (4.8 mm); near‐uniform (σg = 1.13), unimodal (σg = 1.63) and bimodal (σg = 2.08). Each bed was conditioned for between 0 (benchmark) and 960 minutes by an antecedent shear stress below the entrainment threshold of the bed (τ*c50). The degree of bed stabilization was determined by measuring changes to critical entrainment thresholds and bedload flux characteristics.
PEMETAAN KAPASITAS DUKUNG TANAH KELURAHAN LEMPUING KOTA BENGKULU

Lempuing is one area in the coastal city of Bengkulu with predominantly sandy soil consistency. This study aims to map the soil bearing capacity of sand Village Lempuing based on data sondir. To achieve these objectives, data collection sondir test at some point spread in the city of Bengkulu Lempuing. Once the data is collected sondir required, further soil bearing capacity calculations for the two types of foundation, the foundation palms (shallow foundation) and pile foundation (the foundation). Capacity analysis results show that the depth of the foundation (Df) ? 1 m, license bearing capacity (qa) for the foundation of the palm of the width (B) 0.6m generate value qa ? 1,2 kg / cm2. Meanwhile, the bearing capacity of pile foundation at 6m depth ranging between 35-130 tons. Overall analysis results are displayed in the form of maps of soil bearing capacity. Distribution of value in the map shows that the farther from the coastline, the bearing capacity of the ground at the same depth becomes greater its value.
Consumers' acceptability of iodine-biofortified tomato in Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria

Higher exposure rate to certain chemicals found in processed foods that reduce iodine absorption and a depletion in the amount of iodine found in soil have been reported to be detrimental to health. This study seeks to examine the consumers' acceptability and willingness to pay a price premium for iodine-enriched tomatoes in Abeokuta, southwest, Nigeria. Primary data were used to collect a sample of 300 respondents. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) under double bounded dichotomous choice approach. The use of dichotomous choice (DC) method in explaining the willingness to pay (WTP) in contingent valuation studies is a common method in Economics. Research has shown that double-bounded Dichotomous Choice methods provide statistically superior outcomes than single bounded methods, given appropriate sampling design. Results from the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents revealed a mean age of 42 years and are mainly (83%) in their economic active age (<50 years), 69% male respondents, 63% were married and 53% of the respondents had prior knowledge of iodine-biofortified tomato. It was also revealed that 58% of the respondent are willing to accept and pay a premium for iodine-biofortified tomato. Although, the proportion of the respondents who were willing to pay generally decreases with increases in price. It is concluded that age, level of education, income, prior knowledge and bid price were the significant factors influencing respondents' willingness to pay a price premium for iodine-biofortified tomato in the study area. Keywords: acceptability, contingent valuation method, iodine-biofortified tomato, price premium
Climate change research trends in Tanzania: A bibliometric analysis

Research enhances the efforts to address climate change through improved understanding of the causes, effects and likely impacts as well as formulation of climate change policies and strategies for adaptation and mitigation measures. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to assess research trends on climate change in Tanzania for the period between 2006 and 2016. Data were extracted using the Publish or Perish programme which uses Google Scholar to retrieve the number of publications, citation counts and related metrics. The study findings show that there were 319 scholarly publications for the 10-year period, giving an average of about 32 publications per year. As the rate of growth of publications increased, the corresponding doubling time decreased. Journal articles were the dominant (56.1%) type of publications. Areas with relatively higher number of articles were “climate change adaptation” (25.2%), “climate change impacts/implications” (23.3%) and “climate variability” (13.8%). Many (68.9%) publications were multiple-authored and the degree of collaboration among scholars was 0.69. The top 10 ranked scholars contributed nearly one third (31%) of the publications. These results suggest that research productivity in the area of climate change in Tanzania is generally low compared to other countries in the world. Concerted efforts are therefore necessary to foster the research on climate change in Tanzania. Key words: Bibliometrics, climate change, research, publications, Tanzania.