Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The TAME Project: Towards Improvement-Oriented Software Environments

Experience from a dozen years of analyzing software engineering processes and products is summarized as a set of software engineering and measurement principles that argue for software engineering process models that integrate sound planning and analysis into the construction process. In the TAME (Tailoring A Measurement Environment) project at the University of Maryland, such an improvement-oriented software engineering process model was developed that uses the goal/question/metric paradigm to integrate the constructive and analytic aspects of software development. The model provides a mechanism for formalizing the characterization and planning tasks, controlling and improving projects based on quantitative analysis, learning in a deeper and more systematic way about the software process and product, and feeding the appropriate experience back into the current and future projects. The TAME system is an instantiation of the TAME software engineering process model as an ISEE (integrated software engineering environment). The first in a series of TAME system prototypes has been developed. An assessment of experience with this first limited prototype is presented including a reassessment of its initial architecture. >
A prospective, long‐term study of Dersonality traits in patients with intractable obsessional illness treated by capsulotomy

The crux when contemplating neurosurgery for otherwise intractable mental illness is whether there is a price which the patient may have to pay, in terms of adverse personality changes, for symptom relief. In the present study of 19 patients undergoing thermo‐capsulotomy for intractable obsessional illness, personality characteristics were studied pre‐operatively, and at 1‐year and 8‐year follow‐up, using the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). Small mean score changes toward normalization were apparent on all 15 KSP scales at the 1‐year follow‐up. and significant improvements in anxiety proneness were noted at the 8‐year follow‐up. One patient who sustained a surgical complication showed deviant postoperative scores on scales related to psychopathic traits. There were no such deviant scores for the remaining subjects. The incidence of adverse personality changes following capsulotomy is low and does not increase with time. This conclusion, based on groups of patients, does not of course preclude the possibility that adverse personality changes may occur in individual patients.
Breastfeeding Peer Counseling: Policy Implications

Recent changes in federal and state welfare policies play an important role in the health and wellness discussion surrounding women and children who participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). Although federal and state welfare laws have not imposed restrictions on WIC benefits, many WIC beneficiaries are affected. While these laws restrict length of time on welfare, they do hold the potential to promote self-sufficiency for this population. The path to self-sufficiency requires a “career ladder” for those who are indigent. Minimum wage opportunities offer neither financial security nor training for the high-skilled positions that provide financial security. In addition, beneficiaries of public assistance need training, job skills, and employment preparation to navigate the job market in a technology-driven economy. Breastfeeding peer counseling may provide a model that can be useful in achieving Healthy People 2010 objectives while also accomplishing welfare-to-work objectives. Breast milk has been recognized by the Department of Health and Human Services, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Dietetic Association as the superior form of nutrition for infants through the first year of life. Unfortunately, while there have been great strides made among women who participate in WIC, their rates still lag behind the national average in the initiation and duration of breastfeeding. Peer counseling has been identified as an effective intervention in the area of breastfeeding promotion among low-income women. This intervention has been analyzed comprehensively in the context of the local and state WIC agencies. The National WIC Breastfeeding Peer Counselor Survey examined breastfeeding peer counseling in WIC from the following perspectives: (1) effectiveness, (2) quality control, (3) recruitment of peer counselors and clients, (4) specific roles of peer counselors, (5) peer counselor training curriculum, and (6) interactions across levels of organization/environment. Many of these factors form the basis for discussing how the breastfeeding peer counseling model of WIC might relate to particular welfare reform, World Health Organization (WHO), and United Nations International Children’s Emergency Funds (UNICEF) policies. The Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity and Reconciliation Act (PWORA) of 1996 brought about significant changes in the lives of many WIC beneficiaries and signaled a shift in the goals of entitlement programs for the poor. PWORA was designed to promote
METHODS FOR FINDING TEXTUAL FEATURES OF MACHINE LEARNING DEPRESSION FROM PUBLICATIONS by ZHIBO WANG Under the Direction of Dr

Depression is a common but serious mood disorder. In 2015, WHO reports about 322 million people were living with some form of depression, which is the leading cause of ill health and disability worldwide. In USA, there are approximately 14.8 million American adults (about 6.7% percent of the US population) affected by major depressive disorder. Most individuals with depression are not receiving adequate care because the symptoms are easily neglected and most people are not even aware of their mental health problems. Therefore, a depression prescreen system is greatly beneficial for people to understand their current mental health status at an early stage. Diagnosis of depressions, however, is always extremely challenging due to its complicated, many and various symptoms. Fortunately, publications have rich information about various depression symptoms. Text mining methods can discover the different depression symptoms from literature. In order to extract these depression symptoms from publications, machine learning approaches are proposed to overcome four main obstacles: (1) represent publications in a mathematical form; (2) get abstracts from publications; (3) remove the noisy publications to improve the data quality; (4) extract the textual symptoms from publications. For the first obstacle, we integrate Word2Vec with LDA by either representing publications with documenttopic distance distributions or augmenting the word-to-topic and word-to-word vectors. For the second obstacle, we calculate a document vector and its paragraph vectors by aggregating word vectors from Word2Vec. Feature vectors are calculated by clustering word vectors. Selected paragraphs are decided by the similarity of their distances to feature vectors and the document vector to feature vectors. For the third obstacle, one class SVM model is trained by vectored publications, and outlier publications are excluded by distance measurements. For the fourth obstacle, we fully evaluate the possibility of a word as a symptom according to its frequency in entire publications, and local relationship with its surrounding words in a publication. INDEX WORDS: Information retrieval, Text representation, Text mining, Document summarization, Outlier document detection, Textual feature extraction, Social network, TextRank, Word2Vec, Latent Dirichlet allocation, One-class SVM, Keyword Extraction, Depression, Textual symptoms MACHINE LEARNING METHODS FOR FINDING TEXTUAL FEATURES OF DEPRESSION FROM PUBLICATIONS
Online Learning with Automata-based Expert Sequences

We consider a general framework of online learning with expert advice where regret is defined with respect to sequences of experts accepted by a weighted automaton. Our framework covers several problems previously studied, including competing against k-shifting experts. We give a series of algorithms for this problem, including an automata-based algorithm extending weighted-majority and more efficient algorithms based on the notion of failure transitions. We further present efficient algorithms based on an approximation of the competitor automaton, in particular n-gram models obtained by minimizing the \infty-Renyi divergence, and present an extensive study of the approximation properties of such models. Finally, we also extend our algorithms and results to the framework of sleeping experts.
Odor Identification and Self-reported Olfactory Functioning in Patients with Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Olfactory dysfunction is a very early symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and olfactory dysfunction has also been found in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The goal of the present study was to compare odor identification ability and self-reported olfactory functioning in patients with different types of MCI. We included 104 elderly participants classified into two groups: patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and elderly controls (EC). Based on their performance in neuropsychological testing the study population was divided into four groups of participants based on cognitive features: amnestic MCI single domain (11), amnestic MCI multiple domain (19), non-amnestic MCI single domain (21) and non-amnestic MCI multiple domain (13), respectively. The MCI patients were compared to 40 elderly controls (EC) controls with no cognitive deficit. Comparison for odor identification revealed a significant difference between amnestic MCI multiple domain patients and the EC group. No other group comparison was significant. Statistical analyses for self-reported olfactory functioning revealed no significant group differences between any subgroup of MCI patients and the control group. Correlational analyses indicated that odor identification ability was related to cognition whereas no relationship was found for self-reported olfactory functioning. The present study showed that amnestic MCI patients with additional deficits in other cognitive domains have a specific odor identification impairment. Together with cognitive testing, olfactory testing may more accurately help predict whether or not a patient with MCI will convert to AD in the near future.
Enabling Low Contact Resistivity on n-Ge by Implantation After Ti Germanide

The process to form Ti germanide on P-implanted Ge (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {2} \times {10}^{ {19}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<sup>−3</sup>) with low contact resistivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) was developed. Sequential deposition of Ti and TiN on n-Ge without annealing leads to rectifying <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristic due to Fermi level pinning. With 600 °C annealing, Ohmic-like <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> behavior was achieved due to Ti germanide (C54 phase included) formation that depins Fermi level and makes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${1.5}\times {10}^{{{-{5}}}} ~\Omega -\text {cm}^{{{2}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and Schottky barrier height for electron (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Phi _{\text {BN}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 0.22 eV. Even for 700 °C annealing, the Ti germanide exhibits comparable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and good thermal stability without agglomeration, which is a concern of NiGe. By adopting additional P implantation after germanide, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Phi _{\text {BN}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be further improved to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${3.6}\times {10}^{{{- {6}}}}~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-cm<sup>2</sup> and 0.17 eV, respectively. The improvement is ascribed to the enhanced dopant segregation at the germanide/Ge interface that results in stronger dipoles and more significantly reduced <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Phi _{\text {BN}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The Ti germanide process paves a promising path to enable a next-generation Ge technology.
An Evaluation of Cerebral and Systemic Predictors of 18-Month Outcomes for Neonates With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) is a commonly used predictor of outcome after hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Cerebral and systemic near-infrared spectroscopy and acute kidney injury might also have prognostic value. The authors monitored neonates with aEEG, cerebral and systemic near-infrared spectroscopy during therapeutic hypothermia, assigned an acute kidney injury stage, and measured neurodevelopmental outcome. For 18 infants, cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy variables did not differentiate between those with favorable (n = 13) versus adverse (death or moderate-severe disability; n = 5) 18-month outcomes. However, systemic rSO2 variability was higher during hours 48-72 of cooling among those with favorable outcomes (.02 < P < .03). Mean aEEG amplitude during hours 24 to 48 of cooling was higher among those with good outcomes (.027 < P < .032). The aEEG lower margin was also higher during hours 12 to 48 for those with good outcomes (.014 < P < .035). Acute kidney injury did not predict outcome (P > .05). aEEG is a useful prognostic tool for outcomes after neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, but the role of near-infrared spectroscopy in the hypothermia-treated population remains uncertain.
A full discretization of the time-dependent navier-stokes equations by a two-grid scheme

We study a two-grid scheme fully discrete in time and space for solving the Navier-Stokes system. In the first step, the fully non-linear problem is discretized in space on a coarse grid with mesh-size H and time step k. In the second step, the problem is discretized in space on a fine grid with mesh-size h and the same time step, and linearized around the velocity u H computed in the first step. The two-grid strategy is motivated by the fact that under suitable assumptions, the contribution of u H to the error in the non-linear term, is measured in the L 2 norm in space and time, and thus has a higher-order than if it were measured in the H 1 norm in space. We present the following results: if h = H2 = k, then the global error of the two-grid algorithm is of the order of h , the same as would have been obtained if the non-linear problem had been solved directly on the fine grid.
NUCLEAR STAR FORMATION ACTIVITY AND BLACK HOLE ACCRETION IN NEARBY SEYFERT GALAXIES

Recent theoretical and observational works indicate the presence of a correlation between the star-formation rate (SFR) and active galactic nucleus (AGN) luminosity (and, therefore, the black hole accretion rate, ) of Seyfert galaxies. This suggests a physical connection between the gas-forming stars on kpc scales and the gas on sub-pc scales that is feeding the black hole. We compiled the largest sample of Seyfert galaxies to date with high angular resolution (∼0.″4–0.″8) mid-infrared (8–13 μm) spectroscopy. The sample includes 29 Seyfert galaxies drawn from the AGN Revised Shapley–Ames catalog. At a median distance of 33 Mpc, our data allow us to probe nuclear regions on scales of ∼65 pc (median value). We found no general evidence of suppression of the 11.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission in the vicinity of these AGN, and we used this feature as a proxy for the SFR. We detected the 11.3 μm PAH feature in the nuclear spectra of 45% of our sample. The derived nuclear SFRs are, on average, five times lower than those measured in circumnuclear regions of 600 pc in size (median value). However, the projected nuclear SFR densities (median value of 22 M☉ yr−1 kpc−2) are a factor of 20 higher than those measured on circumnuclear scales. This indicates that the SF activity per unit area in the central ∼65 pc region of Seyfert galaxies is much higher than at larger distances from their nuclei. We studied the connection between the nuclear SFR and and showed that numerical simulations reproduce our observed relation fairly well.
Eight-week histological analysis on the effect of chitosan on surgically created one-wall intrabony defects in beagle dogs.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the periodontal tissue regenerative effects of a chitosan/collagen sponge applied to preclinical one-wall intrabony defects surgically created in beagle dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS 4 x 4 mm one-wall intrabony defects were surgically created in the bilateral maxillary first and third, and the mandibular second and fourth premolars. The surgical control group received a flap operation only, while the buffer control group was treated afterwards with a phosphate-buffered saline/collagen sponge (CS) and the chitosan group was treated with a chitosan/cs. The subjects were killed 8 weeks after the operation, and a comparative histological examination was performed. RESULTS The amount of junctional epithelium migration was 2.30+/-1.24 mm in the surgical control group, 1.49+/-1.25 mm in the buffer control group, and 0.26+/-0.59 mm in the chitosan group. A significant difference was exhibited only between the surgical control and the chitosan group (p<0.05). The amount of connective tissue adhesion was 0.68+/-0.60, 1.07+/-0.91, and 0.41+/-0.42 mm in the surgical control, buffer control, and the chitosan group, respectively. The amount of cementum regeneration was 1.42+/-0.49, 1.60+/-0.41, and 3.46+/-0.78 mm in the surgical control, buffer control, and the chitosan group, respectively. A significant difference was seen between the chitosan group and the rest (p<0.01). The amount of alveolar bone regeneration was 1.00+/-0.77, 1.52+/-0.37, and 2.43+/-0.44 mm in the surgical control, buffer control, and the chitosan group, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the chitosan group and the rest (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the beneficial effect of the chitosan/cs on the one-wall intrabony defects of beagle dogs. The inhibited apical migration of epithelium and the increase in the amount of new bone and new cementum suggest the potency of chitosan in inducing periodontal tissue regeneration.
Identification and molecular analysis of glgS, a novel growth‐phase‐regulated and rpoS‐dependent gene involved in glycogen synthesis in Escherichia coli

The putative stationary‐phase sigma factor (σS) encoded by rpoS is essential for giycogen synthesis, but is not required for the transcription of glgC and glgA, which encode ADP‐glucose‐pyrophosphorylase and glycogen synthase, respectively. Using a mini‐Mu random chromosomal library and a screen for glycogen overproduction, we identified a novel gene (glgS) involved in glycogen synthesis. glgS maps at 66.6 min (3247 kb) on the chromosome and constitutes a mono‐cistronic operon. It encodes a hydrophilic and highly charged small protein, with a molecular weight of 7886, which is strongly expressed in minicells. Experiments with single‐copy chromosomal glgS:: lacZ gene fusions indicated that glgS expression is controlled by σS as well as by cAMP. Two transcriptional start sites were mapped in the upstream regulatory region of glgS. The glgS p1 transcript was absent in a cya mutant, whereas an rpoS mutant did not synthesize the glgS p2 transcript. Although glycogen synthesis is strongly stimulated by overproduction of GlgS and is inhibited by a glgS null mutation, glgS does not affect the expression of the glgCAP operon. Its potential role in the metabolic control of glycogen synthesis is discussed. Also, evidence is presented to show that the amount of glycogen accumulated in vivo in early stationary‐phase cells is mainly determined by σS‐controlled gene expression and allosteric activation of GlgC, whereas the absolute levels of expression of glgCAP as well as the intracellular concentration of cAMP are of minor importance.
Pathogenesis and Prevention of Early Pancreatic Infection in Experimental Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis

ObjectiveThe authors test antibiotic strategies aimed at either mitigating bacterial translocation from the gut or delivering antibiotics specifically concentrated by the pancreas for prevention of early secondary infection after acute necrotizing pancreatitis. BackgroundInfection currently is the principal cause of death after severe pancreatitis. The authors have shown that the risk of bacterial infection correlates directly with the degree of tissue injury in a rodent model of pancreatitis. Bacteria most likely arrive by translocation from the colon. MethodsSevere acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced in rats by a combination of low-dose controlled intraductal infusion of glycodeoxycholic acid superimposed on intravenous cerulein hyperstimulation. At 6 hours, animals were randomly allocated to five treatment groups: controls, selective gut decontamination (oral antibiotics and cefotaxime), oral antibiotics alone, cefotaxime alone, or imipenem. At 96 hours, surviving animals were killed for quantitative bacterial study of the cecum, pancreas, and kidney. ResultsThe 96-hour mortality (35%) was unaffected by any treatment regimen. Cecal gram-negative bacteria were significantly reduced only by the oral antibiotics. Pancreatic infection was significantly reduced by full-gut decontamination and by imipenem, but not by oral antibiotics or by cefotaxme alone. Renal infection was reduced by both intravenous antibiotics. ConclusionsEarly pancreatic infection after acute necrotizing pancreatitis can be reduced with a full-gut decontamination regimen or with an antibiotic concentrated by the pancreas (imipenem) but not by unconcentrated antibiotics of similar spectrum (cefotaxime) or by oral antibiotics alone. These findings suggest that 1) both direct bacterial translocation from the gut and hematogenous seeding interplay in pancreatic infection while hematogenous seeding is dominant at extrapancreatic sites and 2) imipenem may be useful in clinical pancreatitis.