Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Culture And The Evolutionary Process

Thank you very much for reading culture and the evolutionary process. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this culture and the evolutionary process, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their laptop. culture and the evolutionary process is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the culture and the evolutionary process is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Extremal functions for the Moser-Trudinger inequalities on compact Riemannian manifolds

AbstractLet(M,g) be a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary, and (N,g) a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary. We will prove in this paper that the $$\begin{gathered} \sup \hfill \\ \int_M {udV_g = 0,\int_M {\left| {\nabla u} \right|^n dV_g = 1} } ^{\int_M {e^{\alpha _n \left| u \right|\frac{n}{{n - 1}}} dV_g ,} } \hfill \\ \sup \hfill \\ \int_M {\left( {\left| {\nabla u} \right|^n + \left| u \right|^n } \right)dV_g = 1} ^{\int_M {e^{\alpha _n \left| u \right|\frac{n}{{n - 1}}} dV_g ,} } \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ and $$\begin{gathered} \sup \hfill \\ u\left| {_{\partial N} = 0,} \right. \int_M {\left| {\nabla u} \right|dV_{g_N } = 1} ^{\int_N {e^{\alpha _n \left| u \right|\frac{n}{{n - 1}}} dV_{g_N } ,} } \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ can be attained. Our proof uses the blow-up analysis.
Studies on diets and population dynamics of the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne F. (Col., Anobiidae)

Aromatic spice crops such as coriander, Coriandrum sativum L. , and fennel, Foeniculum vulgare L. , are among the major seeds exported to the international market. Observations on the stores of these crops revealed differences in their susceptibility to the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Col., Anobiidae). Coriander seeds proved to be the most appropriate diet for the beetle. The population dynamics of L. serricorne (F.) was determined, showing 3 generations during the period from May to October.
Analysis of Type IIn SN 1998S: Effects of Circumstellar Interaction on Observed Spectra

We present spectral analysis of early observations of the Type IIn supernova 1998S using the general non-local thermodynamic equilibrium atmosphere code PHOENIX. We model both the underlying supernova spectrum and the overlying circumstellar interaction region and produce spectra in good agreement with observations. The early spectra are well fitted by lines produced primarily in the circumstellar region itself, and later spectra are due primarily to the supernova ejecta. Intermediate spectra are affected by both regions. A mass-loss rate of order ~ 0.0001-0.001 M☉ yr-1 is inferred for a wind speed of 100-1000 km s-1. We discuss how future self-consistent models will better clarify the underlying progenitor structure.
Improved predictions for magnetic moments and M1 decay widths of heavy hadrons

In the framework of an extended bag model the magnetic moments, M1 transition moments, and decay widths of all ground-state heavy hadrons are calculated. For the heavy baryons containing three quarks of different flavors the effect of hyperfine mixing of the states is taken into account. The additional care is taken to get more accurate theoretical estimates for the mass splittings of heavy hadrons. The use of such improved values enables one to provide more accurate predictions for the decay widths. These values of the hyperfine splittings between baryons may be also useful for the further experimental searches of new heavy hadrons. For instance, we predict $M(\Xi_{cc}^{*})=3695\pm5$ MeV. The agreement of our results for the M1 decay rates with available experimental data is good. We also present a wide comparison of the predictions obtained in our work with the results obtained using various other approaches.
Orthogonal Vertical Velocity Dispersion Distributions Produced by Bars

In barred galaxies, the contours of stellar velocity dispersions (σ) are generally expected to be oval and aligned with the orientation of bars. However, many double-barred (S2B) galaxies exhibit distinct σ peaks on the minor axis of the inner bar, which we termed “σ-humps,” while two local σ minima are present close to the ends of inner bars, i.e., “σ-hollows. ” Analysis of numerical simulations shows that -humps or hollows should play an important role in generating the observed σ-humps+hollows in low-inclination galaxies. In order to systematically investigate the properties of in barred galaxies, we apply the vertical Jeans equation to a group of well-designed three-dimensional bar+disk(+bulge) models. A vertically thin bar can lower along the bar and enhance it perpendicular to the bar, thus generating -humps+hollows. Such a result suggests that -humps+hollows can be generated by the purely dynamical response of stars in the presence of a sufficiently massive, vertically thin bar, even without an outer bar. Using self-consistent N-body simulations, we verify the existence of vertically thin bars in the nuclear-barred and S2B models that generate prominent σ-humps+hollows. Thus, the ubiquitous presence of σ-humps+hollows in S2Bs implies that inner bars are vertically thin. The addition of a bulge makes the -humps more ambiguous and thus tends to somewhat hide the -humps+hollows. We show that may be used as a kinematic diagnostic of stellar components that have different thicknesses, providing a direct perspective on the morphology and thickness of nearly face-on bars and bulges with integral field unit spectroscopy.
High-Ionization Nuclear Emission-Line Region of Seyfert Galaxies

Recently, Murayama & Taniguchi proposed that a significant part of the high-ionization nuclear emission-line region (HINER) in Seyfert nuclei arises from the inner wall of dusty tori because type 1 Seyfert nuclei (S1s) show excess HINER emission with respect to type 2 Seyfert nuclei (S2s). This means that the radiation from the HINER is anisotropic, and thus statistical properties of the HINER emission can be used to investigate the viewing angle toward dusty tori for various types of Seyfert nuclei. In order to investigate viewing angles toward narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) and intermediate types of Seyfert galaxies (i.e., type 1.5, 1.8, and 1.9 Seyfert galaxies, hereafter S1.5, S1.8, and S1.9, respectively), we apply this HINER test to them. We also apply the same test for S2s with and without the hidden broad-line region. The sample of Seyfert nuclei analyzed here consists of 124 Seyfert nuclei compiled from the literature. Our main results and suggestions are as follows: (1) The NLS1s are viewed more face-on toward dusty tori than the S2s. However, the HINER properties of the NLS1s are indistinguishable from those of the S1s. (2) The S1.5s appear to compose heterogeneous populations; e.g., (a) some of them may be seen from an intermediate viewing angle between S1s and S2s, (b) some S1.5s are basically S1s but a significant part of the broad-line region (BLR) emission is accidentally obscured by dense, clumpy gas clouds, or (c) some S1.5s are basically S2s, but a part of the BLR emission can be seen from some optically thin regions of the dusty torus. (3) The S1.8s, the S1.9s, and the objects showing either a broad Paβ line or polarized broad Balmer lines are seen from a large inclination angle, and the emission from the BLRs of such objects reaches us through optically thin parts of dusty tori. These three results support strongly the current unified model of Seyfert nuclei. Finally, (4) the line ratios of [Fe X] λ6374 to the low-ionization emission lines are rather more isotropic than those of [Fe VII] λ6087. Therefore, it is suggested that the [Fe X] λ6374 emission is not useful for investigating the viewing angle toward the dusty torus in Seyfert nuclei. The most plausible reason seems to be that the [Fe X] λ6374 emission is spatially extended, and thus its strength tends to show less viewing-angle dependence.
AN INTROSPECTIVE STUDY ON TEST-TAKING PROCESS FOR BANKED CLOZE

The present study investigates the testees' test-taking process for banked cloze, focusing on the following two aspects: the information sources and strategies. Employing simultaneous introspection and immediate retrospection, the study is conducted among 18 non-English major students. After examining their test-taking processes, a framework for analyzing testees' test-taking processes for banked cloze test is put forward. And then the researcher applies this framework to analyze the testees' protocols. Results show that regarding information sources, clause-level information accounts for the largest proportion, followed by text-level information, sentence-level information and extra-textual information, and in terms of strategies, the testees show a clear preference for bottom-up processing strategies, followed by top-down processing strategies and test-wise processing strategies. The verbal protocols have further revealed that the proficient readers seem to have a context-based reading model and they prefer to grasp the gist of the text, whereas the less proficient readers often employ word-based approaches and they are apt to identify parts of the text.
The barred inner Milky Way: dynamical models from surveys

Abstract The Milky Way is a barred galaxy whose central bulge has a box/peanut shape and consists of multiple stellar populations with different orbit distributions. This review describes dynamical and chemo-dynamical equilibrium models for the Bulge, Bar, and inner Disk based on recent survey data. Some of the highlighted results include (i) stellar mass determinations for the different Galactic components, (ii) the need for a core in the dark matter distribution, (iii) a revised pattern speed putting corotation at ~6 kpc, (iv) the strongly barred distribution of the metal-rich stars, and (v) the radially varying dynamics of the metal-poor stars which is that of a thick disk-bar outside ~1 kpc, but changes into an inner centrally concentrated component with several possible origins. On-going and future surveys will refine this picture, making the Milky Way a unique case for studying how similar galaxies form and evolve.
Design And Analysis Of Ecological Experiments

Thank you very much for downloading design and analysis of ecological experiments. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this design and analysis of ecological experiments, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their laptop. design and analysis of ecological experiments is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the design and analysis of ecological experiments is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Correlation functions and thermophysical properties of one-dimensional liquids

The properties of one-dimensional liquids are studied for several interaction potentials for which, under certain assumptions, the properties of the system admit an analytical solution. The studied potentials are the triangle-well and the ramp potential, and then we use the knowledge of these ones to study the hard-rod and the sticky-hard-rod potentials. For each one of these potentials, we study its equation of state and other thermodynamic quantities such as the compressibility factor and the internal energy. Then, we study its correlation functions, such as the radial distribution function, the structure factor and the direct correlation function. For the latter one, the approximations known as Percus--Yevick and hypernetted-chain have been compared to the analytical result. Finally, the asymptotic behaviour of the radial distribution function is studied and the Fisher--Widom line computed for the triangle-well potential.
Wing structure in the phase diagram of the Ising ferromagnet URhGe close to its tricritical point investigated by angle-resolved magnetization measurements

High-precision angle-resolved dc magnetization and magnetic torque studies were performed on a single-crystalline sample of URhGe, an orthorhombic Ising ferromagnet with the $c$ axis being the magnetization easy axis, in order to investigate the phase diagram around the ferromagnetic (FM) reorientation transition in a magnetic field near the $b$ axis. We have clearly detected first-order transition in both the magnetization and the magnetic torque at low temperatures, and determined detailed profiles of the wing structure of the three-dimensional $T$-$H_{b}$-$H_{c}$ phase diagram, where $H_{c}$ and $H_{b}$ denotes the field components along the $c$ and the $b$ axes, respectively. The quantum wing critical points are located at $\mu_0H_c\sim\pm$1.1 T and $\mu_0H_b\sim$13.5 T. Two second-order transition lines at the boundaries of the wing planes rapidly tend to approach with each other with increasing temperature up to $\sim 3$ K. Just at the zero conjugate field ($H_c=0$), however, a signature of the first-order transition can still be seen in the field derivative of the magnetization at $\sim 4$ K, indicating that the tricritical point exists in a rather high temperature region above 4 K. This feature of the wing plane structure is consistent with the theoretical expectation that three second-order transition lines merge tangentially at the triciritical point.
Perspective: Numerical Simulations of Wakes and Blade-Vortex Interaction

A method for simulating incompressible flows past airfoils and their wakes is described. Vorticity panels are used to represent the body, and vortex blobs (vortex points with their singularities removed) are used to represent the wake. The procedure can be applied to the simulation of completely attached flow past an oscillating airfoil. The rate at which vorticity is shed from the trailing edge of the airfoil into the wake is determined by simultaneously requiring the pressure along the upper and lower surface streamlines to approach the same value at the trailing edge and the circulation around both the airfoil and its wake to remain constant. The motion of the airfoils is discretized, and a vortex is shed from the trailing edge at each time step. The vortices are convected at the local velocity of fluid particles, a procedure that renders the pressure continuous in an inviscid fluid. When the vortices in the wake begin to separate they are split into more vortices, and when they begin to collect they are combined. The numerical simulation reveals that the wake, which is originally smooth, eventually coils, or wraps, around itself, primarily under the influence of the velocity it induces on itself, andmore » forms regions of relatively concentrated vorticity. Although discrete vortices are used to represent the wake, the spatial density of the vortices is so high that the computed velocity profiles across a typical region of concentrated vorticity are quite smooth. Although the computed wake evolves in an entirely inviscid model of the flowfield, these profiles appear to have a viscous core. As an application, a simulation of the interaction between vorticity in the oncoming stream and a stationary airfoil is also discussed. « less
Effect of growth temperature on luminescence and structure of self-assembled InAlAs/AlGaAs quantum dots

The effect of growth temperature on the optical properties of self-assembled In0.65Al0. 35As/Al0.35Ga0. 65As quantum dots is studied using photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectra. With the growth temperature increasing from 530 to 560 degreesC, the improvement of optical and structural quality has been observed. Furthermore, edge-emitting laser diodes with three stacked InAlAs quantum dot layers grown at different temperature are processed, respectively. For samples with quantum dots grown at 560 degreesC, the continuous wave operation is obtained up to 220 K, which is much higher than that of ones with InAlAs islands grown at 530 degreesC and that of the short-wavelength quantum-dot laser previously reported. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.
Tycho's Supernova: The View from Gaia

SN 1572 (Tycho Brahe’s supernova) clearly belongs to the Ia (thermonuclear) type. It was produced by the explosion of a white dwarf (WD) in a binary system. Its remnant has been the first of this type to be explored in search of a possible surviving companion, the mass donor that brought the WD to the point of explosion. A high peculiar motion with respect to the stars at the same location in the Galaxy, mainly due to the orbital velocity at the time of the explosion, is a basic criterion for the detection of such companions. Radial velocities from the spectra of the stars close to the geometrical center of Tycho’s supernova remnant, plus proper motions of the same stars, obtained by astrometry with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), have been used so far. In addition, a detailed chemical analysis of the atmospheres of a sample of candidate stars had been made. However, the distances to the stars remained uncertain. Now, the Second Gaia Data Release (DR2) provides unprecedented accurate distances, and new proper motions for the stars can be compared with those obtained from the HST. We consider the Galactic orbits that the candidate stars to the SN companion would have in the future. We do this to explore any kinematic peculiarity. We also locate a representative sample of candidate stars in the Toomre diagram. Using the new data, we re-evaluate the status of the candidates suggested thus far, as well as the larger sample of the stars seen in the central region of the remnant.
Modelling low-Reynolds-number effects in the turbulent air flow over water waves

In studies of the turbulent air flow over water waves it is usually assumed that the effect of viscosity near the water surface is negligible, i.e. the Reynolds number, Re = u∗λ/v, is considered to be high. However, for short waves or low wind speeds this assumption is not valid. Therefore, a second-order turbulence closure that takes into account viscous effects is used to simulate the air flow. The model shows reasonable agreement with laboratory measurements of wave-induced velocity profiles. Next, the dependence of the dimensionless energy flux from wind to waves, or growth rate, on Re is investigated. The growth rate of waves that are slow compared to the wind is found to increase strongly when Re decreases below 104, with a maximum around Re = 800. The numerical model predictions are in good agreement with analytical theories and laboratory observations. Results of the study are useful in field conditions for the short waves in the spectrum, which are particularly important for remote sensing applications.
Controlled switching of ultrafast circular polarization oscillations in spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

We demonstrate a scheme for controlled switching of polarization oscillations in spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (spin-VCSEL). Under hybrid electrical and optical pumping conditions, our VCSEL devices show polarization oscillations with frequencies far above the VCSEL's electrical modulation bandwidth. Using multiple optical pulses, we are able to excite and amplify these polarization oscillations. When specific phase and amplitude conditions for the optical excitation pulses are met, destructive interference leads to switch-off of the polarization oscillation, enabling the generation of controlled short polarization bursts.
Kinematic scaling relations of CALIFA galaxies: A dynamical mass proxy for galaxies across the Hubble sequence

We thank the support by CONACYT grant CB-285080. OV and EA acknowledge support from the PAPIIT grant IN112518. S.F. S. thank PAPIIT-DGAPA-IA101217 (UNAM) project. We would like to thank Damian Mast for his valuable job observing the CALIFA galaxies. Many thanks to Gigi Y. C. Leung from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy for providing us the stellar and dynamical masses from dynamical models for the 54 galaxies from her study. GvdV acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 724857 (Consolidator Grant ArcheoDyn).
Chandra X-Rays from the Redshift 7.54 Quasar ULAS J1342+0928

We present a 45 ks Chandra observation of the quasar ULAS J1342+0928 at z = 7.54. We detect counts from the quasar in the observed-frame energy range 0.5–7.0 keV (6σ detection), representing the most distant non-transient astronomical source identified in X-rays to date. The present data are sufficient only to infer rough constraints on the spectral parameters. We find an X-ray hardness ratio of between the 0.5–2.0 keV and 2.0–7.0 keV ranges and derive a power-law photon index of . Assuming a typical value for high-redshift quasars of Γ = 1.9, ULAS J1342+0928 has a 2–10 keV rest-frame X-ray luminosity of . Its X-ray-to-optical power-law slope is , consistent with the general trend indicating that the X-ray emission in the most bolometrically powerful quasars is weaker relative to their optical emission.
Utilizing Web 2.0 Technologies for Library Web Tutorials: An Examination of Instruction on Community College Libraries' Websites Serving Large Student Bodies

ABSTRACT This is the second part of a series on Web 2.0 tools available from community college libraries' Websites. The first article appeared in an earlier volume of this journal and it illustrated the wide variety of Web 2.0 tools on community college libraries' Websites serving large student bodies (Blummer and Kenton 2014). The research found many of these tools, especially LibGuides and YouTube videos, contained instructional content. This research focuses on the use of Web 2.0 tools to deliver library training to users in community colleges with large student bodies. The study considers the diversity of Web 2.0 tools utilized for instructional purposes. It also examines the relationship between the population ranking of the community college and the availability of these tutorials.
Gestalt psychology

The aim of psychology is first of all to describe how we think, or the flow of our consciousness, and then to sum up the facts in terms of principles, generalizations, or “laws” which “govern” our thinking. These laws must enable us to foretell what a man will think and how he will act when we know his environment and the state of his thought at any given moment, provided that no unforeseeable exercise of free will intervenes. Psychology has also to inquire whether interventions of “free will” ever do occur and, if they do, what is their nature and scope.