Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
C60 Rotation in the Solid State: Dynamics of a Faceted Spherical Top

The rotational dynamics of C60 in the solid state have been investigated with carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The relaxation rate due to chemical shift anisotropy (1/9T1CSA1) was precisely measured from the magnetic field dependence of T1, allowing the molecular reorientational correlation time, τ, to be determined. At 283 kelvin, τ = 9.1 picoseconds; with the assumption of diffusional reorientation this implies a rotational diffusion constant D = 1.8 x 1010 per second. This reorientation time is only three times as long as the calculated τ for free rotation and is shorter than the value measured for C60 in solution (15.5 picoseconds). Below 260 kelvin a second phase with a much longer reorientation time was observed, consistent with recent reports of an orientational phase transition in solid C60. In both phases τ showed Arrhenius behavior, with apparent activation energies of 1.4 and 4.2 kilocalories per mole for the high-temperature (rotator) and low-temperature (ratchet) phases, respectively. The results parallel those found for adamantane.
24 Application of Embryonic Stem Cells in Parkinson ’ s Disease

The nervous system is a stimulating target for regenerative medicine. Parkinson’s disease (PD), which afflicts over a 1 million people in the US, is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration and death of midbrain neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), resulting in tremors at rest, an inability to initiate or complete routine movements, muscle rigidity, postural instability, and lack of facial expression. Although the etiology of idiopathic PD is not known, several predisposing factors for the dopaminergic depletion associated with the disease have been suggested, including programmed cell death, viral infection, and environmental toxins. DA neurons, in the substantia nigra pars compacta, play a prominent role in the control of many brain functions, such as voluntary movements and many behavioral processes (Maxwell & Li, 2005). These neurons can be identified via the expression of some specific transcription factors, including Engrailed 1 (EN1), PITX3, NURR1, and LMX1b, which are also very important in the development of DA neurons (Smidt et al., 2003).
Individual Factors in Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy after Stroke

Objectives. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has been shown to be effective in chronic stroke patients. It is worthwhile to investigate the influence of individual factors for two reasons: to find out whether they influence outcome and to see whether they support the theory underlying CIMT. Methods. Agroupof26 patients were treated with CIMT and followed over 6 months. In total, 14 individual factors were identified. Patients were assessed with 6 tests, including 2 commonly used after stroke (Frenchay Arm Test, 9 Hole Peg Test). Results. There were individual differences, but as a group, patients improved after therapy. There were no individual factors that influenced improvement in more than one test. Conclusions. CIMT is an effective therapy in patients with moderate impairment after stroke, also in tests commonly used in stroke rehabilitation. Factors that could have expected to make a difference on the basis of the theory behind CIMT (e.g., time since stroke, previous therapy, sensory deficit) did not influence results. Patients with hemorrhagic lesions and those with a high level of performance (Motor Activity Log > 2.5) profit as well. Pairwise therapy is as effective as individual therapy.
Molecular basis for the action of a dietary flavonoid revealed by the comprehensive identification of apigenin human targets

Significance The beneficial health effects of dietary phytochemicals make them promising candidates for treatment and prevention of multiple diseases. However, cellular targets for dietary components remain largely unknown. By combining phage display with high-throughput sequencing, we identified 160 human targets of apigenin, a flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables. The apigenin targets include hnRNPA2, a factor associated with numerous cellular malignancies and involved in mRNA metabolism/splicing. We show that, by inhibiting hnRNPA2 dimerization, apigenin affects the alternative splicing of key mRNAs. These findings provide a perspective on how dietary phytochemicals function and what distinguishes their action from pharmaceutical drugs. Flavonoids constitute the largest class of dietary phytochemicals, adding essential health value to our diet, and are emerging as key nutraceuticals. Cellular targets for dietary phytochemicals remain largely unknown, posing significant challenges for the regulation of dietary supplements and the understanding of how nutraceuticals provide health value. Here, we describe the identification of human cellular targets of apigenin, a flavonoid abundantly present in fruits and vegetables, using an innovative high-throughput approach that combines phage display with second generation sequencing. The 160 identified high-confidence candidate apigenin targets are significantly enriched in three main functional categories: GTPase activation, membrane transport, and mRNA metabolism/alternative splicing. This last category includes the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 (hnRNPA2), a factor involved in splicing regulation, mRNA stability, and mRNA transport. Apigenin binds to the C-terminal glycine-rich domain of hnRNPA2, preventing hnRNPA2 from forming homodimers, and therefore, it perturbs the alternative splicing of several human hnRNPA2 targets. Our results provide a framework to understand how dietary phytochemicals exert their actions by binding to many functionally diverse cellular targets. In turn, some of them may modulate the activity of a large number of downstream genes, which is exemplified here by the effects of apigenin on the alternative splicing activity of hnRNPA2. Hence, in contrast to small-molecule pharmaceuticals designed for defined target specificity, dietary phytochemicals affect a large number of cellular targets with varied affinities that, combined, result in their recognized health benefits.
Novobiocin and coumermycin A1 inhibit viral replication and the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 from the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice

Herpes simplex virus type 1 was reactivated from the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice in a quantitative and time-dependent manner. Novobiocin and coumermycin A1 reversibly inhibited the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1. They did not inhibit viral replication in permissive cells (CV-1) but did inhibit replication in cells of neuronal origin (C1300) and acutely infected trigeminal ganglia.
Advantages and disadvantages of three‐dimensional computed tomography intraoperative localization for functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Intraoperative three‐dimensional computed tomography (3‐D CT) localization has been available for use during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for several years, although relatively few otolaryngologists operate in conjunction with this technology. Proponents of intraoperative localization believe that operating with stereotaxis enhances surgical precision and reduces complications. A 1‐year review was conducted at the University of Pennsylvania from January 1994 through January 1995. During this period 5% of sinus operations were performed in conjunction with intraoperative localization. The advantages and disadvantages of using intraoperative localization were evaluated for each case. Also examined were type and indication for surgery, anesthesia used, added time, and cost. Overall, intraoperative localization was found to be helpful when anatomy was distorted or obscured. However, selecting patients who may have benefited from localization was often not possible using preoperative data. Ideally, localization should be available for all FESS. Criteria are outlined which will need to be met prior to localization becoming a significant aspect of FESS.
Genetics, environment and cognitive abilities: review and work in progress towards a genome scan for quantitative trait locus associations using DNA pooling.

BACKGROUND Multivariate genetic research indicates that genetic effects on diverse cognitive abilities are general rather than specific or modular. General cognitive ability (g), a key factor in learning and memory, is among the most heritable behavioural traits. AIMS To give a brief overview of quantitative genetic research on g and to describe initial results from a programme of research that aims to identify genes responsible for the substantial heritability of general cognitive ability. METHOD The research uses a new technique called DNA pooling, which combines DNA from individuals within a group and makes it feasible to screen thousands of DNA markers for a systematic scan of the genome for associations between DNA markers and g. Two independent samples of children with very high g scores and two control samples of children with average g scores were compared in a systematic scan of 147 markers on chromosome 4 and 66 markers on chromosome 22. RESULTS Three replicated associations on chromosome 4 were identified using DNA pooling and confirmed using individual genotyping. CONCLUSIONS These first results of the application of DNA pooling in systematic analysis of allelic association are encouraging.
Student Variables that Predict Retention: Recent Research and New Developments

This article reviews recent research related to the study of college student retention, specifically examining research related to individual student demographic characteristics. The increasing diversity of undergraduate college students requires a new, thorough examination of those student variables previously understood to predict retention. The retention literature focuses on research conducted after 1990 and emphasizes the changing demographics in higher education. Research related to a relatively new variable —the merit-index—also is reviewed, revealing potentially promising, but currently mixed results.
Goal orientation and well-being in college athletes: The importance of athletic social connectedness

ABSTRACT The present study examined the ability of an interpersonal construct called athletic connectedness to mediate the relationship between task and ego goal orientations and well-being. We operationalised athletic social connectedness as a sense of social belonging and sense of connection with teammates. We hypothesised that athletic social connectedness would be positively associated with task goals, negatively associated with ego goals, and would at least partially mediate the relationship between achievement goals and well-being. We administered questionnaires to female (N = 106; mean age = 20.47, SD = 1.12) and male (N = 100; mean age = 20.95, SD = 1.21) NCAA Division III college athletes. We tested our hypothesised model using structural equation modelling, which included testing a measurement model that specified four latent variables and then comparing the estimates generated by our hypothesised model with our data. We also tested three alternative models and found our hypothesised model to fit best. As predicted, there were significant indirect effects of task and ego motivation on well-being through athletic connectedness, demonstrating formal evidence of mediation. The r2 coefficient indicated that the model explained 30% of the variance in well-being, a moderate effect size (Cohen, 1988). Discussion focuses on the importance of considering interpersonal constructs as a way to improve our understanding of relationship between task and ego goal orientations to well-being in athletes.
Wake generated downstream of a vertical axis tidal turbine

Characterising the physics involved in the wake developed downstream of vertical axis tidal stream turbines (VATTs) is a cornerstone towards understanding turbine-to- turbine interactions and thus optimise their deployment in ar- rays. The flow field developed around these devices is not exempt of complexity accentuated by complex blade-vortex interactions occurring within the blades swept perimeter. This publication analyses the flow characteristics of the near-wake behind a three- bladed VATT rotating at different rotational speeds using a highly accurate computational approach. Results of mean velocities and turbulent kinetic energy are validated with experiments and compared to other RANS-based numerical results. A great match with the experimental data is achieved outlining the suitability of the proposed numerical approach to represent the complex flow around VATTs. Results evidence that at low tip speed ratios the flow passes through the turbine rotor without major obstruction of the blades. Meanwhile, at higher speeds there is a minimum incident flow entraining within the rotor swept perimeter which induces the generation of the Magnus effect. The outcomes encourage to extend the applicability of the presented method to the future design of VATT arrays enhancing inter-turbine interaction and thus maximising power generation.
Enteric fever--a changing sensitivity pattern, clinical profile and outcome.

With the changing pattern of bacterial infection and their sensitivity trends, pediatricians throughout the world are facing a challenging problem in day to day practice(l). The recent upsurge in multidrug resistant S. typhi infection, has made the treatment of enteric fever a difficult and controversial problem(l,2). The second line therapy suggested for drug resistant typhoid fever has also proven ineffective in managing such cases in recent past(2-6). A lot of work has already been done on MDRST infection. However, our study is based on large data of positive cases of S. typhi with changing sensitivity patterns. ' Material and Methods
Validity of a clinical model to predict influenza in patients presenting with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection in primary care.

BACKGROUND Valid clinical predictors of influenza in patients presenting with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) symptoms would provide adequate patient information and reassurance. AIM Assessing the validity of an existing diagnostic model (Flu Score) to detect influenza in LRTI patients. DESIGN AND SETTING A European diagnostic study recruited 1801 adult primary care patients with LRTI-like symptoms existing ≤7 days between October and April 2007-2010. METHOD History and physical examination findings were recorded and nasopharyngeal swabs taken. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for influenza A/B was performed as reference test. Diagnostic accuracy of the Flu Score (1× onset <48 hours + 2× myalgia + 1× chills or sweats + 2× fever and cough) was expressed as area under the curve (AUC), calibration slopes and likelihood ratios (LRs). RESULTS A total of 273 patients (15%) had influenza on PCR. The AUC of the Flu Score during winter months was 0.66 [95% CI (95% confidence internal) 0.63-0.70]. During peak influenza season, both influenza prevalence (24%) and AUC were higher [0.71 (95% CI 0.66-0.76], but calibration remained poor. The Flu Score assigned 64% of the patients as 'low-risk' (10% had influenza, LR - 0.6). About 12% were classified as 'high risk' of whom 32% had influenza (LR + 2.7). During peak influenza season, 60% and 14% of patients were classified as low and high risk, respectively, with influenza prevalences being 14% (LR - 0.5) and 50% (LR + 3.2). CONCLUSION The Flu-Score attributes a small subgroup of patients with a high influenza risk (prevalence 32%). However, clinical usefulness is limited because this group is small and the association between predicted and observed risks is poor. Considerable diagnostic imprecision remains when it comes to differentiating those with influenza on clinical grounds from the many other causes of LRTI in primary care. New point of care tests are required that accurately, rapidly and cost effectively detect influenza in patients with respiratory tract symptoms in primary care.
CLN3 protein regulates lysosomal pH and alters intracellular processing of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta protein precursor and cathepsin D in human cells.

Maintenance of the appropriate pH in the intracellular vacuolar compartments is essential for normal cell function. Here, we report that CLN3 protein, which is associated with the juvenile form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), participates in lysosomal pH homeostasis in human cells. We show that CLN3 protein increases lysosomal pH in cultured human embryonal kidney cells, whereas inhibition of CLN3 protein synthesis by antisense approach acidifies lysosomal compartments. These changes in lysosomal pH are sufficient to exert a significant biological effect and modify intracellular processing of amyloid-beta protein precursor and cathepsin D, model proteins whose metabolism is influenced by the pH of acidic organelles. Mutant CLN3 protein (R334C) that is associated with the classical JNCL phenotype was devoid of biological activities of wild-type CLN3 protein. These data suggest that the pathogenesis of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is associated with altered acidification of lysosomal compartments. Furthermore, our study indicates that CLN3 protein affects metabolism of proteins essential for cell functions, such as amyloid-beta protein precursor, implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
Factors Affecting Adjuvant Therapy in Stage III Pancreatic Cancer—Analysis of the National Cancer Database

Background: Adjuvant therapy after curative resection is associated with survival benefit in stage III pancreatic cancer. We analyzed the factors affecting the outcome of adjuvant therapy in stage III pancreatic cancer and compared overall survival with different modalities of adjuvant treatment. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with stage III pancreatic cancer listed in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) who were diagnosed between 2004 and 2012. Patients were stratified based on adjuvant therapy they received. Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox regression analysis were performed. Results: We analyzed a cohort included 1731 patients who were recipients of adjuvant therapy for stage III pancreatic cancer within the limits of our database. Patients who received adjuvant chemoradiation had the longest postdiagnosis survival time, followed by patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, and finally patients who received no adjuvant therapy. On multivariate analysis, advancing age and patients with Medicaid had worse survival, whereas Spanish origin and lower Charlson comorbidity score had better survival. Conclusions: Our study is the largest trial using the NCDB addressing the effects of adjuvant therapy specifically in stage III pancreatic cancer. Within the limits of our study, survival benefit with adjuvant therapy was more apparent with longer duration from date of diagnosis.
Siderophore production: A unique quality of pathogenic Klebsiella pneumonia to survive in low iron concentration

Klebsiella pneumonia is the second most causing agent of urinary tract bacterial infection among human beings. Its ability to grow and to produce siderophores is dependent on the iron content and the type of carbon sources in the culture medium. This study has aimed to find out the unique properties of siderophore production by Klebsiella species in fluctuating iron concentrations. The study was carried out on 252 urine samples collected from UTI patients at Doon (PG) Paramedical College and Teaching Hospital, Dehradun, India. All urine samples were tested microbiologically using standard procedure and biochemical panel tests were performed to identify and to isolate Klebsiella pneumonia from colonies obtained on differential media plate used for urine culture and the result was interpreted according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guide line to confirm the Klebsiella pneumonia . Then CAS siderophore detection method was applied to quantify the siderophore production in various iron concentration supplied to culture medium. A total of 47 patients out of 252 UTI patients were found to be infected by Klebsiella pneumonia . Women were more prone to be UTI infected by Klebsiella pneumonia in comparison to men (14.89% men, 85.1% women). Most of the UTI patients infected by Klebsiella pneumonia were in the age group of 50-79 years (53.19%) which was followed by 20-49 years (23.40%) and 80-99 years (14.89%) respectively. Least people having age below 19 years old were prone to be urinary tract infected by Klebsiella pneumonia . In the same way, siderophore production was found to be increased significantly when there was no iron in the culture medium and its production was decreased gradually with increase in iron concentration up to 200mg/L in the culture medium. Siderophore is an important metabolite product for pathogenic Klebsiella pneumonia to survive and cause pathogenicity in low iron concentration medium. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(1): 130-138
Opinion on a request from the European Commission related to the prolongation of prohibition of the placing on the market of genetically modified oilseed rape event GT 73 for import , processing and feed uses in

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA GMO Panel) evaluated the documentation provided by Austria to support the prolongation of the safeguard clause measure prohibiting the placing on the market of the genetically modified oilseed rape event GT73 for import, processing and feed uses in Austria. The EFSA GMO Panel assessed whether the submitted documentation comprised new scientific information that would change or invalidate the conclusions of its previous risk assessments on oilseed rape GT73. The EFSA GMO Panel also considered the relevance of the concerns raised by Austria in the light of the most recent data published in the scientific literature. The authorised uses of oilseed rape GT73 exclude cultivation, but data on gene flow, persistence and invasiveness derived from cultivation were considered as a worst case, representing conditions where exposure and potential impact are expected to be the highest, to assess possible environmental impacts resulting from seed import spills. In the documentation provided by Austria and in the scientific literature, the EFSA GMO Panel could not identify new scientific evidence that indicates that the import and processing of oilseed rape GT73 for feed uses in the EU pose a significant and imminent risk to the environment. In conclusion, the EFSA GMO Panel considers that, based on the documentation supplied by Austria and a review of recent scientific literature, there is no specific scientific evidence in terms of risk to the environment that would support the notification of a safeguard clause measure under Article 23 of Directive 2001/18/EC nor its prolongation, and that would invalidate its previous risk assessments of oilseed rape GT73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa. 2012.2876 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-75281 Published Version Originally published at: Arpaia, Salvatore; Birch, Andrew N E; Chesson, Andrew; du Jardin, Patrick; Gatham, Achim; Gropp, Jürgen; Herman, Lieve; Hoen-Sorteberg, Hilde-Gunn; Jones, Huw; Kiss, Jozsef; Kleter, Gijs; Lagiou, Pagona; Messéan, Antoine; Naegeli, Hanspeter; Nielsen, Kaare Magne; Ovesna, Jaroslava; Perry, Joe; Rostoks, Nils; Tebbe, Christoph (2012). Scientific Opinion on a request from the European Commission related to the prolongation of prohibition of the placing on the market of genetically modified oilseed rape event GT73 for import, processing and feed uses in Austria. EFSA Journal, 10(9):2876. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa. 2012.2876