Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic and elastic properties of a many-body model for simple oxides.

Many-body effects in the binding energy of oxides can be incorporated efficiently in empirical Hamiltonians by including terms that describe the response of the ionic charge density to the crystalline environment. It is assumed that the effect of the ionic response on interionic interactions is completely characterized by the dependence of the ionic radius on the crystal field, which in turn is given by the positions of all the ions in the system. The model is particularly suitable for oxides, where the field is necessary to stabilize the ${\mathrm{O}}^{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ion. This scheme has allowed ab initio electron-gas models to predict elasticity and phase transitions in oxides. Here we propose simple parametric expressions for the dependence of the ionic radius on the crystal field, and the dependence of the energy on the former. By parametrizing the Hamiltonian, and solving for harmonic phonon spectra without approximations, we obtain accurate volume-dependent thermodynamic properties at the experimentally accessible range of pressure and temperature. Predictions of thermoelastic properties at conditions beyond experimental capabilities are readily obtained. Of particular interest is our finding that the sensitivity of the compressibility to temperature decreases significantly at high compressions. Reduction of thermal effects at high pressures is plausible from a theoretical standpoint. However, the only physical manifestation of our prediction comes from the geophysical data on the Earth's interior. Seismic studies find that the transverse-acoustic velocity in the Earth's oxide mantle is significantly more sensitive to temperature than the longitudinal velocities. Partial melting has been suggested for reconciling this observation with the behavior of relevant minerals under laboratory conditions. Our results support the alternative conjecture, that the relative insensitivity of the longitudinal waves to temperature is a characteristic of oxygen-bearing minerals at high pressure.
Intra-familial Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Arak, Central Iran

Background: The household transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major health problem. High incidence of HBV infection is observed within the household contacts of HBV carriers. We aimed to evaluate serological markers of hepatitis B infection among family members of HBV carriers in Arak, central Iran. Methods: Data were collected from the 100 chronic HBV carriers (subjects with positive HBsAg for at least 6 months period) as index cases and 700 members of their family. Then, we checked serologic markers of hepatitis B [hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti- HBs)] using the ELISA test. Results: The prevalence rate of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc among household members was 23.3%, 20.4% and 23% respectively. Isolated anti-HBc (positive anti-HBc with negative HBsAg and anti-HBs) found in 0.4% of family members. Mothers and children with 47.6% and 17.2% had the highest and lowest rates of HBV infection, respectively (P=0.00). There was a significant difference between mothers and spouses of index case (47.6% and 29.8%) regarding HBsAg positivity (P=0.03). Conclusion: The low rate of HBV infection reported in children reveal the effective prevention of HBV transmission with the universal vaccination programs and also importance of pregnant women screening for HBV serological markers.
Management of completely displaced metaphyseal fractures of the distal radius in children.

In a prospective, randomised controlled trial, 68 children who had a completely displaced metaphyseal fracture of the distal radius were treated either by manipulation (MUA) and application of an above-elbow cast alone or by the additional insertion of a percutaneous Kirschner (K-) wire. Full radiological follow-up to union was obtained in 65 children and 56 returned for clinical evaluation three months after injury. Maintenance of reduction was significantly better in the K-wire group and fewer follow-up radiographs were required. There was no significant difference in the clinical outcome measured three months after injury. Seven of 33 patients in the MUA group had to undergo a second procedure because of an unacceptable position compared with none of the 35 in the K-wire group (chi-squared test, p < 0.01). One patient in the K-wire group required exploration for recovery of a migrated wire. We conclude that the use of a percutaneous K-wire to augment the reduction of the fracture in children who have a completely displaced metaphyseal fracture of the distal radius is a safe and reliable way of maintaining alignment of the fracture.
Analysis of the free amino acid content in pollen of nine Asteraceae species of known allergenic activity.

The study reports the free amino acid composition of the pollen of nine members of the family Asteraceae, i.e. Ageratum conyzoides L. , Blumea oxyodonta DC. , Eupatorium odoratum L. , Gnaphalium indicum L. , Mikania scandens Willd. , Parthenium hysterophorus L. , Spilanthes acmella Murr. , Vernonia cinerea (L.) Lees. and Xanthium strumarium L. by thin layer chromatography. The amino acid content was found to vary from 0.5-4.0% of the total dry weight. Fourteen amino acids were identified, among which amino-n-butyric acid, aspartic acid and proline were present in almost all pollen samples. The other major amino acids present in free form included arginine, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, ornithine, tryptophan and tyrosine.
Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series N ° 10 – 25 Money and Liquidity in Financial Markets

Money and Liquidity in Financial Markets We argue that there is a connection between the interbank market for liquidity and the broader financial markets, which has its basis in demand for liquidity by banks. Tightness in the interbank market for liquidity leads banks to engage in what we term “liquidity pull-back,” which involves selling financial assets either by banks directly or by levered investors. Empirical tests support this hypothesis. While our data covers part of the recent crisis period, our results are not driven by the crisis. Our general point is that money matters in financial markets. Different financial assets have different degrees of moneyness (liquidity) and, as a result, there are systematic cross-sectional variations in trading activity as the price of liquidity, or the level of tightness, in the interbank market fluctuates.
Sterilization of Male Dogs by Bilateral Electrocoagulation of Testicular Blood Vessels

Canine overpopulation is a worldwide problemespecially in rural areafor this reason many researches have been performed to choose the most effective and less invasive technique for sterilization of male dogs with minimal complications. This study aimed to evaluate the possible outcomes and complications following bilateral electrocoagulation of testicular blood supply, as a method of sterilization of male dogs.Sixstray male dogs were used in this work. Electrocoagulation of the testicular blood supply was induced through a prescrotal 1-2 cm incision length followed by separation of spermatic cord and exposure of testicular blood vessels. The outcomes were measured depending on clinical signs, Histopathological evaluation, ultrasonographical evaluation and testosterone level estimation. Overall results were satisfactory. Electrocoagulation of testicles was accompanied by a very short prescrotal incision with less operation time. Some difficulty was relevant during dissection and separation of testicular blood supply with mild to moderate bleeding. Some inflammatory reaction followed by marked testicular atrophy was observed. Severe coagulative necrosis of seminephrous tubules and remnants only of mature spermatozoa were found. Ultrasonographical findings revealed marked decrease in testicular dimensions with uniform hypoechoic appearance of testicular matrix. It could be concluded that bilateral Electrocoagulation was proved to be safe and effective method for dog sterilization without any complication.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Pandemic 2009/H1N1 Versus Seasonal Influenza in Children With Cancer

Background: Novel 2009/H1N1 influenza has significant impact on immunocompromised children with cancer; however, it is uncertain how it compares with seasonal influenza (SFlu) in this vulnerable population. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes for these 2 infections in children with cancer and identified risk factors for progression to lower respiratory infection (LRI) and/or death. Methods: Influenza infections confirmed by positive viral culture and/or fluorescence antigen test between January 1998 and February 2010 were identified from microbiology databases at a comprehensive cancer center. Characteristics and outcomes were compared for the 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards model were generated to identify risk factors for LRI and/or death. Results: When compared with SFlu, 2009/H1N1 cases had significantly lower acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score (median: 9 versus 14), fewer comorbidities (15% versus 46%), fewer hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (5% versus 16%), more solid tumors (45% versus 16%), higher LRI at presentation (20% versus 4%), higher rates of antiviral therapy (90% versus 48%) and higher mortality (10% versus 0%). Male gender (hazard ratio [HR]: 8.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–65.2, P = 0.042), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score > 15 (HR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.04–10.39, P = 0.027) and a 24-hour delay in initiation of antiviral treatment (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02–1.23, P = 0.015) were the most significant predictors of progression to LRI and mortality, regardless of virus strain. Conclusions: Significant differences between 2009/H1N1 and SFlu with respect to clinical presentation, management and associated outcomes were identified. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of antiviral therapy may prevent serious complications of influenza in children with cancer.
Spinal cord microglial cells and DRG satellite cells rapidly respond to transection of the rat sciatic nerve.

Transection of the rat sciatic nerve induces retrograde changes in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and in the motoneurons in the ventral grey matter of the lumbar L4-L6 spinal cord segments. In the ipsilateral dorsal grey matter and in the ipsilateral nucleus gracilis, transganglionic changes occur in the terminal fields of the centrally projecting axons of injured DRG neurons. As revealed by immunocytochemistry, the neuronal reactions were associated with a rapid proliferation and activation of microglial cells in the lumbar spinal cord as well as in the nucleus gracilis. Reactive microglial cells were detected as early as 24 h after sciatic axotomy. The microglial reaction had a maximum around day 7 postlesion and disappeared around 6 weeks after axotomy. In addition to light microscopy, activated, perineuronal microglia were identified by immuno-electron microscopy in the ventral grey matter. In the DRG, satellite cells constitutively expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens. Sciatic axotomy led to a proliferation of satellite cells and an increased expression of MHC class II molecules in particular. This satellite cell reaction started 24 h after axotomy and continued to increase gradually until about 6 weeks after the lesion. Resident macrophages, detected in the DRG interstitial tissue by their expression of monocyte/macrophage markers, also reacted to sciatic axotomy. Our data suggest that (1) sciatic axotomy leads to a rapid microglial reaction in both the ventral and dorsal grey matter of the lumbar spinal cord and in the ipsilateral nucleus gracilis; (2) the immunophenotype of activated microglia following sciatic axotomy is comparable with that observed after axotomy of cranial nerves, e.g. the facial nerve; (3) satellite cells in DRG constitutively express MHC class II molecules; and (4) sciatic axotomy leads to a rapid activation of satellite cells and interstitial macrophages in the axotomized DRG.
Geometry of actin‐membrane attachments in the smooth muscle cell: the localisations of vinculin and alpha‐actinin.

Antibodies to vinculin, a component of actin‐membrane attachment sites, revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy a parallel co‐axial array of continuous rib‐like bands on the surface of isolated vertebrate smooth muscle cells. Images of extended and shortened cells showed that these ribs remain co‐axially organised on contraction. Reference to earlier studies and labelling of thin sections indicates that the ribs correspond in position to the adhesion plaques previously described in electron microscope studies. Alpha‐actinin showed a punctate distribution consistent with its presence in the cytoplasmic dense bodies, but did not show a constant association with the vinculin‐containing ribs. It is suggested that alpha‐actinin is an intracellular actin linker and not membrane associated, as earlier supposed, and that vinculin is, as deduced by others, a mediator of actin membrane attachment. The apparent co‐association of these two proteins, noted previously, is concluded to arise from the inevitable geometrical apposition of peripheral and pre‐terminal parts of the contractile machinery with the cell membrane.
A Study of Frequency and Causes of One Month To 5-Year-Old Child Mortality and Its Affecting Factors

this study was designed with an aim to examine factors associated with these deaths in Sari. In this descriptive-analytical and retrospective study, all children from one month to 5 years old who were admitted to and died in Bu Ali Hospital during 2009 were studied. Data were collected through questionnaire and studying medical records of 1 month to 5-year-old children and then were analyzed by SPSS software.Among 2417 children aging 1 month to 5 years old, 72/2% were male and others were female, and 72/2% of infant death was for 1 month to 1-year-old children, and also the most common cause of death was due to cardiac arrest (44/4%). According to this study there was a meaningful relationship between the numbers of twins, maternal age in childbirth, and frequency of pregnancy care with the mortality rate of children under the age of 5. But there was not any meaningful relationship with other variables.Special attention to children under the age of 5, special care for high risk mothers, providing health education, and special care of mothers can play an effective role in reducing infant mortality.
Role of FSH in the control of testicular function.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) binds to the plasma membranes of Sertoli cells and, apparently, spermatogonia; the hormone may then be taken into the cytoplasm of its target cells and metabolized there. In the immature testis, binding of FSH to Sertoli cells leads to activation of adenylate cyclase, formation of cyclic AMP (cAMP), and activation of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase. There is a subsequent increase in the rates of RNA, protein, and DNA synthesis. Normal adult testis is unresponsive to FSH, one reason being the destruction of cAMP by a phosphodiesterase. After hypophysectomy of adult animals this enzyme disappears and FSH is again able to stimulate RNA and protein synthesis. Other factors contributing to the insen-sitivity of the mature testis are an FSH binding inhibitor, a protein kinase inhibitor, and in-activation of FSH.FSH increases the formation by Sertoli cells of structural proteins and an androgen-binding protein (ABP) that the Sertoli cells secrete into the extracellular fluid su.
Transactional HashMaps in the Myrrh Framework

To improve the performance of transactional programming, we propose a new class of transactional data structures and introduce a transactional version of Java's HashMap class. This specialized HashMap class enables developers to take full advantage of the atomic and isolated properties of transactions in order to support concurrent access to different parts of a map. Furthermore, the validation and conflict resolution algorithm executed as part of the commit step resolves most types of potential conflict, thus allowing all transactions that don't directly conflict to commit. By using transactions to eliminate contention, and a specialized implementation of the HashMap class to resolve conflicts at commit-time, we significantly improve the efficiency of transactional programming
Automatic tumor segmentation using convolutional neural networks

Cancer diagnosis process for brain tumor depends on computerized segmentation of tumor image which is a toughest task. A good recognized imaging system for cerebrum has been known as MR imaging which is a non-intrusive method. Brain tumor recognition from MRI picture is a prominent amongst the most difficult errands in today's medical imaging research. Magnetic Resonance Images are utilized to catch pictures of delicate tissues in human body. MRI is most proficient for the research of brain tumor recognition and classification as compared to other method. This is because of high contrast of soft tissues, high spatial resolution as well as it does not generate any baleful radiation. It is reliable and useful for fast detection and classification of brain cancer. To distinguish cerebrum tumor the key procedure should be called as picture division which is a prominent amongst the most essential and testing part of PC supported clinical indicative devices. In any case, manual segmentation is tiresome and subjected to between inter and intra-rater blunders hard to describe. Hence, precise self-loader or programmed strategies are required. In the present work, it is tried to suggest an automatic segmentation strategy exploiting Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), with little 3 × 3 filter size. The utilization of little portions permits outlining a more profound design, other than having a constructive outcome against over fitting, given the fewer amount of weights in the system. Here the upgrade of this proposed framework is to enhance the information picture quality on the off chance where that has been in lesser quality. Spatial domain methods are utilized for accomplishing this upgrade procedure. This proposed efficient image segmentation framework provides better outcomes in Convolution Neural Networks.
Rewarding reviewers – sense or sensibility? A Wiley study explained

In July 2015, Wiley surveyed over 170,000 researchers in order to explore peer reviewing experience; attitudes towards recognition and reward for reviewers; and training requirements. The survey received 2,982 usable responses (a response rate of 1.7%). Respondents from all markets indicated similar levels of review activity. However, analysis of reviewer and corresponding author data suggests that US researchers in fact bear a disproportionate burden of review, while Chinese authors publish twice as much as they review. Results show that while reviewers choose to review in order to give back to the community, there is more perceived benefit in interacting with the community of a top‐ranking journal than a low‐ranking one. The majority of peer review training received by respondents has come either in the form of journal guidelines or informally as advice from supervisors or colleagues. Seventy‐seven per cent show an interest in receiving further reviewer training. Reviewers strongly believe that reviewing is inadequately acknowledged at present and should carry more weight in their institutions' evaluation process. Respondents value recognition initiatives related to receiving feedback from the journal over monetary rewards and payment in kind. Questions raised include how to evenly expand the reviewer pool, provide training throughout the researcher career arc, and deliver consistent evaluation and recognition for reviewers.
Covered Self-expanding Metal Stents May be Preferable to Plastic Stents in the Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis-related Biliary Strictures: A Systematic Review Comparing 2 Methods of Stent Therapy in Benign Biliary Strictures

Background: Covered self-expanding metal stents (CSEMS) are being increasingly used in the endoscopic treatment of benign biliary strictures (BBS). There is no solid evidence yet to support their routine use. Goals: To evaluate feasibility, success rate, and complications of CSEMS compared with multiple plastic stents (PS) in BBS in a systematic review. Study: A systematic search of electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, and Embase) for studies published from 2000 to 2012 combined to hand-search of reference lists resulted 4977 articles. Out of 99 potentially relevant studies selected for full-text review, 12 CSEMS (376 patients) and 13 PS studies (570 patients) met the final inclusion criteria. A systematic review comparing the 2 methods was made using proportion meta-analysis. Results: A tendency to successful use of CSEMS in strictures related to chronic pancreatitis (CP) was shown: clinical success of 77% and 33% [95% confidence interval (CI), 61%-94% vs. 4%-63%, P=0.06] was achieved with CSEMS and PS at 12 months follow-up, respectively. There were no differences in the success rates of other etiologies except CP or in the early complications. In CSEMS, incidence of late adverse events was lower in CP-related strictures (3% vs. 67%, 95% CI, 0%-13% vs. 17%-99%, P=0.02). The median number of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies was lower with CSEMSs: 1.5 versus 3.9 (P=0.002). Conclusions: Improved clinical success with fewer endoscopic sessions and corresponding complication rate may be achieved with CSEMS treatment compared with PS in BBS secondary to CP. In other BBS etiologies, this systematic review remains inconclusive.
Regional Impact of an Elevated Heat Source: The Zagros Plateau of Iran

The authors propose that a heat-driven circulation from the Zagros Plateau has a significant impact on the climate of the Middle East Plain (MEP), especially summertime winds, air temperature, and aridity. This proposal is examined in numerical experiments with a regional climate model. Simulations in which the Zagros Plateau was assigned a highly reflective, “snowlike” albedo neutralized the heat-driven circulation and produced an extra summertime warming of 1°–2°C in the MEP, measured relative to a control simulation and to the records of the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis project. This effect was largest in midsummer, when heating on the plateau was greatest. Additionally, simulations with high albedo on the Zagros showed reduced subsidence and enhanced precipitation in the MEP. These sensitivities are interesting because the Zagros Plateau lies downwind of the MEP. Analysis of model results indicates that the sensitivity of the upwind subsidence region to Zagros albedo can be understood as a linear atmospheric response to plateau heating, communicated upwind by a steady heat-driven circulation that influences the thermodynamic balance of the atmosphere. This regional phenomenon adds to the large-scale subsidence patterns established by the Hadley circulation and the Asian monsoon. Observed patterns of vertical motion in the Middle East, then, are a combined product of Zagros-induced subsidence and hemispheric-scale circulations.