Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Responses to Different Exposure Regimes of Kazakhstan Light Crude Oil in Livers of Male Albino Rats

— Biochemical investigations were carried out to assess the effect of different exposure regimes of Kazakhstan crude oil (KCO) on hepatic antioxidant defense system in albino rats. Contaminants were delivered under two different dosing regimes, with all treatments receiving the same total contaminant load by the end of the exposure period. Rats in regime A injected with KCO once at a dose of 6 ml/kg bw while in regime B injected multiply at a dose of 1.5 ml/kg bw on day 1, 3, 5 and 8. Antioxidant biomarkers were measured in hepatic tissue after 1, 3, 5 and 8 days. Significant induction was observed in serum aminotransferases (ALT, AST) (p<0.01) and hepatic Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) (p<0.05) in the two exposure regimes, with the majority of signiﬁcant induction occurring in regime A. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased 1-d after injection (p<0.01) but the increase was reduced time dependently thereafter while after 8-d induced again (p<0.01). Malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly induced after 3 and 5-d (p<0.05) in regime A while in regime B was not changed significantly (p>0.05) at short time after exposure. However, there was significant increase after 8-d (p<0.01). Histological examination indicates that crude oil induced pathologic changes from inflammatory cells infiltration to hemorrhage and necrosis of hepatocytes. Acute exposure to crude oil adversely affect hepatic cell so human must avoid such exposure.
Porcine Circovirus Type 2–Associated Disease: Update on Current Terminology, Clinical Manifestations, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Intervention Strategies

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)–associated disease (PCVAD) continues to be an important differential diagnosis on pig farms in the United States and worldwide. Case trend analyses indicate that the incidence of PCVAD is on the rise in the United States. Accurate diagnosis is important in order to implement appropriate intervention strategies. PCVAD can manifest as a systemic disease, as part of the respiratory disease complex, as an enteric disease, as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, or as reproductive problems. PCVAD may be only a sporadic individual animal diagnosis; however, PCVAD may also manifest as a severe herd problem accelerated and enhanced by concurrent virus or bacterial infections. This article is intended to discuss the most common disease manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and intervention strategies associated with PCVAD in North America.
The role of regional planning and management strategies in the transformation of the healthcare system

Drawing on a case study, this article questions the role of planning and management strategies in the process of transforming a regional public healthcare system that involves a number of organizations and is characterized by fluidity in its functions and division of power. It examines the efficacy of the Regional Plan for the Organization of Health Services (PROS) in reforming the mental health sector in a health and social service district in Quebec, in terms of integrated regional management of mental healthcare and activities at the local level. The regional planning procedure involves a major transformation in management of the mental health system, organizational roles and clinical and professional practices. Our assessment of PROS highlights the importance of taking into account the context of implementation and the instrumental value of planning, before judging its efficacy. To transform a complex healthcare system at the regional and local level, the study suggests a revised conception of the main roles played by planning and of the process shaping its implementation. Our study concludes in favour of developing management strategies at the operational, clinical and professional levels, and integrating them as a planning aid that allows a more corporate and matrix-based system to be set up.
A clinical classification and grading system of the cutaneous changes in onchocerciasis

Although onchocerciasis is one of the most important diseases of the skin and eye in the tropical world, to date there has been no formal consensus regarding the description and terminology of skin lesions. Furthermore, the contribution of cutaneous pathology to the morbidity and socio‐economic effects of the disease has been largely neglected. We present a clinical classification and grading system for recording the cutaneous changes of onchocerciasis, and propose that this system be used as a standard method of description to convey clinical information between workers in all endemic areas to assist local and comparative research.
Preparation of 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol from cultures of Fusarium sambucinum NRRL 13495

Filtrates of Fusarium sambucinum NRRL 13495 grown in a stagnant culture for 9 days contained up to 458 +/- 60 (mean +/- standard error; n = 3) mg of 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol per liter depending on culture conditions. Extraction with ethyl acetate, chromatography on a column of silica gel, and crystallization from mixtures of ethyl acetate and hexane provided pure material in 96% yield.
An AbrB-Like Protein Regulates the Expression of the Bidirectional Hydrogenase in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803

ABSTRACT In the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, the pentameric bidirectional Ni-Fe hydrogenase (HoxEFUYH) is the sole enzyme involved in hydrogen metabolism. Recent investigations implicated the transcription factor LexA in the regulation of the hox genes in this cyanobacterium, suggesting the factor to work as an activator. In this work, we show evidence that LexA cannot account exclusively for the regulation of the hox genes in this cyanobacterium. Therefore, we investigated which additional transcription factors interact in and may regulate the expression of the hox genes in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. By using DNA affinity assays, a transcription factor with similarity to the transition state regulator AbrB from Bacillus subtilis was isolated. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the AbrB-like protein specifically interacts with the promoter region of the hox genes as well as with its own promoter region. In addition, results obtained with two genetically modified strains of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, one with a not fully segregated inactivation mutation of the abrB-like gene and the other overexpressing the same abrB-like gene, suggest that this transcription factor functions as a regulator of hox gene expression.
Salmon Calcitonin in the Treatment of Post Herpetic Neuralgia

A 78-year-old man with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented to our pain medicine clinic for treatment of post herpetic neuralgia. Pharmacotherapy with tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, tramadol and traditional analgesics had failed, primarily due to adverse drug effects, particularly sedation, dizziness and nausea. Consequently, intravenous salmon calcitonin was administered, based on evidence of efficacy in the treatment of other neuropathic pain syndromes and its relatively benign side-effects profile. The patient reported immediate and sustained improvement in his post herpetic neuralgia for over two months, without adverse effects from the calcitonin therapy.
2 Bounds on the largest acyclic set

An acyclic set in a digraph is a set of vertices that induces an acyclic subgraph. In 2011, Harutyunyan conjectured that every planar digraph on n vertices without directed 2-cycles possesses an acyclic set of size at least 3n/5. We prove this conjecture for digraphs where every directed cycle has length at least 8. More generally, if g is the length of the shortest directed cycle, we show that there exists an acyclic set of size at least (1− 3/g)n.
Extraordinary Resistance to Insecticides Reveals Exotic Q Biotype of Bemisia tabaci in the New World

ABSTRACT A strain of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) possessing unusually high levels of resistance to a wide range of insecticides was discovered in 2004 in the course of routine resistance monitoring in Arizona. The multiply resistant insects, collected from poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) plants purchased at a retail store in Tucson, were subjected to biotype analysis in three laboratories. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of naphthyl esterases and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (780 bp) confirmed the first detection of the Q biotype of B. tabaci in the New World. This U.S. Q biotype strain, referred to as Poinsettia'04, was highly resistant to two selective insect growth regulators, pyriproxyfen and buprofezin, and to mixtures of fenpropathrin and acephate. It was also unusually low in susceptibility to the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam, relative to B biotype whiteflies. In 100 collections of whiteflies made in Arizona cotton (Gossypium spp.), vegetable, and melon (Cucumis melo L.) fields from 2001 to 2005, no Q biotypes were detected. Regions of the United States that were severely impacted by the introduction of the B biotype of B. tabaci in the 1980s would be well advised to promote measures that limit movement of the Q biotype from controlled environments into field systems and to formulate alternatives for managing this multiply-resistant biotype, in the event that it becomes more widely distributed.
Recognition of Posed and Spontaneous Dynamic Smiles in Recognition of Posed and Spontaneous Dynamic Smiles in Younger and Older Adults Younger and Older Adults

In two studies, we investigated age effects in the ability to recognize dynamic posed and spontaneous smiles. Study 1 found that both younger and older adult participants were above-chance in their ability to distinguish between posed and spontaneous younger adult smiles. Study 2 found that younger adult participant performance declined when judging a combination of both younger and older adult target smiles, while older adult participants outperformed younger adult participants in distinguishing between posed and spontaneous smiles. A synthesis of results across the two studies showed a small-to-medium age effect ( d = − 0.40) suggesting an older adult advantage when discriminating between smile types. Mixed stimuli (i
Introducing inducible fluorescent split cholesterol oxidase to mammalian cells

Cholesterol oxidase (COase) is a bacterial enzyme catalyzing the first step in the biodegradation of cholesterol. COase is an important biotechnological tool for clinical diagnostics and production of steroid drugs and insecticides. It is also used for tracking intracellular cholesterol; however, its utility is limited by the lack of an efficient temporal control of its activity. To overcome this we have developed a regulatable fragment complementation system for COase cloned from Chromobacterium sp. The enzyme was split into two moieties that were fused to FKBP (FK506-binding protein) and FRB (rapamycin-binding domain) pair and split GFP fragments. The addition of rapamycin reconstituted a fluorescent enzyme, termed split GFP-COase, the fluorescence level of which correlated with its oxidation activity. A rapid decrease of cellular cholesterol induced by intracellular expression of the split GFP-COase promoted the dissociation of a cholesterol biosensor D4H from the plasma membrane. The process was reversible as upon rapamycin removal, the split GFP-COase fluorescence was lost, and cellular cholesterol levels returned to normal. These data demonstrate that the split GFP-COase provides a novel tool to manipulate cholesterol in mammalian cells.
Influenza vaccination in 29 countries. An update to 1997.

OBJECTIVE This report updates for 1996 and 1997 our 2 earlier reports on the use of influenza vaccination in various countries. METHODS Methods for obtaining information on influenza vaccine use from 1980 to 1995 in each country are described in our earlier reports. The current report includes data for 29 countries. RESULTS Among 16 countries of Western Europe, vaccine use increased substantially in The Netherlands, Finland (1996) and in Ireland (1997). In the remaining 13 countries, vaccine use increased somewhat or remained the same. In the US, vaccine use increased steadily throughout the 1990s, reaching a level of 281 doses per 1000 population in 1997. In New Zealand, there was a substantial increase in 1997, while vaccine use remained relatively unchanged in Canada, Australia and Korea. In Japan and Singapore, little or no influenza vaccine was used. In 1997, 6 countries in Central Europe used modest amounts of influenza vaccine. Among all 29 countries, in 1997 all but 3 (the UK, Ireland and Denmark) had age-based recommendations for influenza vaccination. This changed in 1998 when the UK and Denmark recommended vaccination for persons > or = 75 years and > or = 65 years of age, respectively. Ireland is considering an age-based recommendation. Many countries provide reimbursement for influenza vaccination through national or social health insurance, at least for some recommended groups. In virtually all countries, however, many persons pay for vaccination themselves. The levels of vaccine use in different countries are not related to per capita healthcare spending. Instead, they reflect different levels of awareness of influenza as an important disease and the effectiveness of vaccination in its prevention. CONCLUSIONS Influenza vaccination has continued to increase or has stabilised in most developed countries, and vaccine is also being used in several developing countries. In spite of much progress, however, the full benefits of influenza vaccination have yet to be achieved in any country.
The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the pathogenesis of a rat model of hepatopulmonary syndrome.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The hepatopulmonary syndrome occurs when intrapulmonary vasodilatation causes impaired arterial gas exchange in liver disease. The pathogenesis is poorly understood, although nitric oxide may be involved. Common bile duct ligation in the rat is a model of the hepatopulmonary syndrome, but no studies have evaluated NO in pulmonary vasodilatation in this model. The aim of this study was to determine whether NO contributes to intrapulmonary vasodilatation after bile duct ligation. METHODS Endothelial and inducible NO synthase (NOS) levels and localization and NO activity in pulmonary artery rings were assessed after bile duct ligation. RESULTS Pulmonary endothelial NOS levels increased and alveolar vascular staining was enhanced after bile duct ligation. No change in pulmonary inducible NOS levels or localization was detected. Increased endothelial NOS levels correlated with alterations in gas exchange and were accompanied by enhanced NO activity and a blunted response to phenylephrine, reversible by NOS inhibition, in pulmonary artery rings. Portal-vein-ligated animals, which do not develop intrapulmonary vasodilatation, had no changes in pulmonary NOS production or in NO activity in pulmonary artery rings. CONCLUSIONS NO, derived from pulmonary vascular endothelial NOS, contributes to intrapulmonary vasodilation in animal hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Efficacy of low-concentration iodophors for germicidal hand washing

SUMMARY The efficacy of iodophor germicides containing different concentrations of available iodine against transient (inoculated) bacteria and the natural hand microflora was compared with chlorhexidine gluconate (2 and 4%) liquid detergent (Hibitane), non-germicidal soap and a tap water rinse. The tap water rinse was ineffective compared with all other treatments. Only 4% chlorhexidine gluconate liquid detergent and iodophor containing 0·75% available iodine were significantly better than the non-germicidal soap for reduction of transient bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens, that had been inoculated onto hands. These agents also caused a significant reduction in the number of ‘natural’ micro-organisms released from hands after a standard 15 s hand wash. The low-concentration iodophor products and the product containing 2% chlorhexidine gluconate failed to give results significantly better than the non-germicidal control soap. Baird-Parker medium and standard aerobic plate counts were highly correlated (r = 0·82), so that for studies of Gram-negative bacteria inoculated onto hands as a transient microflora, counts on Baird-Parker medium give a reasonable indication of the natural (residual) hand microflora.
Fetal and Maternal Doppler Blood Flow Parameters in Postterm Pregnancies

In this preliminary investigation, we sought evidence of increasing impedance to placental blood flow from both sides of the placenta and evidence of compromised fetal aortic blood flow in 35 human pregnancies exceeding 42 weeks' gestation. Fetal age was confirmed by biparietal diameter (BPD) measurements obtained before 21 weeks. Pourcelot's Index, calculated from Doppler sonograms recorded with a noninvasive technique from small arteries in the myometrium and from an umbilical cord artery, did not correlate with the duration of the pregnancy beyond term. However, this “resistance index” of Pourcelot was higher in the umbilical cord arteries of fetuses with a worse clinical outcome. Doppler blood cell velocity in the fetal descending aorta correlated significantly and negatively with the prolongation of gestation. Fetal aortic velocities appeared to be lower in fetuses who passed meconium before delivery. Our findings suggest that fetal compromise in prolonged pregnancy is more a fetal-placental problem than a uteroplacental problem.
A picture is worth a thousand words

By Darren J. Davis It has been said throughout time that a picture is worth a thousand words. I have used this familiar proverb numerous times in my career as a golf course superintendent, and I believe it often holds true. Over the last year, while attending Everglades Golf Course Superintendents Association board meetings, I noticed that current EGCSA President Bill Davidson printed and pinned two pictures to a bulletin board in his break room. The pictures depicted the correct and incorrect method for edging a golf-course sprinkler head. After looking at these two pictures for a few board meetings, I came to realize that, due to staff turnover or just less-than-perfect mindfulness by my existing staff, I often find myself repeating instructions or retraining crew members on similar basic tasks. I took Davidson’s idea and expanded upon it and offer my results as this issue’s “Super Tip. ” In developing a plan for this picture project I decided that I wanted to continually rotate the subject that was showcased. I also realized that the tasks/items which I would illustrate with photos could be recycled indefinitely. This led me to purchasing two Advantus “Grip-AStrip Display Rails” at Office Depot. The display rails use a patented roller system to organize items on a wall. They are like a bulletin board but with no tacks and are available in 12-, 24-, 48and 96-inch models. Depending on the quantity of pictures I wish to display I use either a 24or 48-inch display rail. The cost of a 24=inch model is $16.99, and the 48 inch model sells for $30.99. When I decide on an item that I wish to convey to my staff, I use my digital camera and gather photos that depict the situation. Sometimes I show a “right” and “wrong” photo or, for some issues, a single picture will suffice. After downloading the images to my computer, I print them on 81⁄2 by 11, 9 mil HP glossy photo paper. A 100-sheet package sells for $29.99 at Office Depot. The next step in the process is to decide on a caption for the printed photos and to translate the word or phrase into Spanish. I print the text on an Avery 8160 (1x 2-5/8-inch) address label and affix it to the photo. A 750 pack of the labels sells for $11.99. Finally, since I want to reuse the photos I insert them into Avery nonstick sheet protectors which are made of polypropylene and sold at Office Depot in packs of 25 for $5.79. To date I have used the system to remind the staff of the correct method for installing rope and stakes at Olde Florida, the desired depth on a bunker lip, tee marker placement and alignment, and to prompt staff to make sure certain items (“weed popper,” ball mark repair tool, etc.) are in their possession at all times. As you can imagine I am only limited by my imagination to the number of items that I can depict in photographs for the staff. My total cost was less than $100, and in my opinion an extremely wise investment of my club’s resources. SUPER TIP
Malaria and Typhoid Co-infection: Need to Interpret Serological Results Cautiously

This is in reference to the article “Comparative evaluation of various tests for diagnosis of concurrent Malaria and Typhoid fever in a tertiary care hospital of Northern India” published by Deepika verma et al., in the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2014, May, Vol-8(5), in which the prevalence of malaria and typhoid co-infections have been reported to be 8.5% using serological tests and 1.6% using blood culture for enteric fever and peripheral smear for Malaria [1]. We would like to add to the existing knowledge by sharing our findings using various serological and gold standard tests for Malaria and Enteric fever. This is also to highlight the epidemiological differences in both the diseases as well as confections in different regions of Northern India.
Forwarded HTTP Extension

This document defines an HTTP extension header field that allows proxy components to disclose information lost in the proxying process, for example, the originating IP address of a request or IP address of the proxy on the user-agent-facing interface. In a path of proxying components, this makes it possible to arrange it so that each subsequent component will have access to, for example, all IP addresses used in the chain of proxied HTTP requests. This document also specifies guidelines for a proxy administrator to anonymize the origin of a request.
Intra-oral distribution of black-pigmented Bacteroides species in periodontitis patients.

In this study the occurrence of black-pigmented Bacteroides on oral mucous membranes and in saliva was investigated. For this purpose untreated adult periodontitis patients were selected on the basis of clinical parameters. Bacteroides gingivalis was isolated from the subgingival area of all 8 patients. Other sites from which B. gingivalis was recovered were the tonsillar area, the gingiva and the tongue. Six of the 8 patients had B. gingivalis in saliva in numbers ranging from 6 × 106 to 20 × 106/ml. Bacteroides intermedius was also widespread through the oral cavity, including the saliva. The results show that these black-pigmented Bacteroides species do occur outside the periodontal pocket and that the intra-oral spread of these bacteria can take place via saliva.
Development of a new P–T controlling system for neutron-scattering experiments

We developed a new device involving an individual P–T controlling system for neutron-scattering experiments available at 0–10 GPa and at 77–473 K. Thanks to the thermal insulators made of zirconia and glass-fiber-reinforced plastic under the anvils, temperature only around anvils can be controllable with fast heating/cooling rate of<20 K/min, and it also allows us to use normal hydraulic oil even at low temperatures, which has much less risk of leaking compared with helium gas. The feasibility test for this system for neutron diffraction experiments for ice VIII shows that the full decompression is established without any technical difficulty, which used to be not straightforward by the previous systems.