Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic prostatitis: MR imaging and 1H MR spectroscopic imaging findings--initial observations.

PURPOSE To determine whether chronic prostatitis affects three-dimensional proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging in evaluation of disease in the peripheral zone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Combined MR imaging and three-dimensional MR spectroscopic imaging data were examined retrospectively in 12 patients with radical prostatectomy specimens that contained regions of chronic prostatitis larger than 6 mm in the peripheral zone. The 6-mm restriction was based on MR spectroscopic imaging spatial resolution of 6.25 mm. Transverse T2-weighted MR images were reviewed for changes in signal intensity (SI): normal, suspicious for cancer (nodular focal low SI), or indeterminate (focal low SI that was not nodular or contour deforming or diffuse low SI). At MR spectroscopic imaging, proton spectra were considered suspicious for cancer if the ratio of choline plus creatine to citrate was more than 2 SDs above normal mean peripheral zone values. RESULTS In the 12 patients, mean pretreatment prostate-specific antigen level was 5.77 +/- 2.07 (SD), and median biopsy Gleason score for the gland was 6. At MR imaging in the area of histopathologically confirmed chronic prostatitis, seven of 12 patients had focal low SI that was not nodular (contour deforming) over a region in and around the pathologically defined focus of chronic prostatitis. MR imaging in one patient showed diffuse low SI that correlated with a diffuse area of chronic prostatitis at pathologic examination. MR imaging in another patient showed nodular focal low SI that was suspicious for cancer and corresponded to a focus of chronic prostatitis at pathologic examination. The remaining three patients had no MR imaging abnormality in the region of chronic prostatitis. In the pathologically identified regions of chronic prostatitis, MR spectroscopic imaging data in nine of 12 patients demonstrated elevated choline peak and reduced or no citrate, findings that mimic those of cancer. In two patients, the spectra were normal, and in the remaining patient, the spectra were nondiagnostic. CONCLUSION At MR spectroscopic imaging, pathologically confirmed chronic prostatitis may demonstrate metabolic abnormality that leads to false-positive diagnosis of cancer. The most common MR imaging finding in chronic prostatitis was focal low SI that was not specific for cancer. In one patient, the MR imaging diagnosis of cancer could not be excluded.
Étude de la dispersion modale de polarisation dans les systèmes régénérés optiquement

Avec l'augmentation continue du debit par canal, les effets de deformation des impulsions sont de plus en plus critiques, comme peut l'etre la dispersion modale de polarisation (PMD) pour un debit de 40 Gbit/s dans les reseaux de fibre optique actuels. Les reseaux tout optiques du futur integreront des fonctions de conversion de longueur d'onde et de regeneration tout optique au niveau des noeuds de commutation. Dans ce memoire, nous etudions plus particulierement la capacite des regenerateurs optiques a combattre la PMD. Si leur e cacite est averee, ils constitueront tout naturellement des compensateurs de PMD distribues dans le reseau. Apres une introduction aux systemes de telecommunications par fibre optique et au phenomene de dispersion modale de polarisation, nous presentons les techniques de regeneration du signal. Nous proposons une methode originale pour caracteriser un regenerateur optique vis-a-vis de la PMD et en deduire la probabilite de coupure d'une liaison avec un regenerateur d'une part, et sa place optimale au sein de la liaison d'autre part. Les regenerateurs 2R peuvent etre classes en deux categories : les regenerateurs de type I traitent les impulsions sans leur donner de forme particuliere tandis que les regenerateurs de type II donnent une forme bien specifique aux impulsions. L'etude numerique de la capacite d'un regenerateur de type I a combattre la PMD en un passage unique met en evidence l'inutilite d'un regenerateur place directement devant le recepteur. Seul un regenerateur deporte au sein de la ligne de transmission permet de compenser la PMD dans une certaine mesure, et son e cacite est maximale s'il est place pratiquement au milieu de la liaison. La technique de regeneration par elargissement spectral et fltrage decale constitue un bon exemple de regenerateur de type II. Par son principe meme, ce type de regenerateur permet une compensation naturelle de la PMD. Mais son etude approfondie theorique et experimentale demontre son inefficacite pour combattre la PMD en un passage. Ces travaux se concluent par l'etude de l'impact de la PMD sur les techniques de recuperation d'horloge electriques ou optiques, element cle de tout regenerateur 3R et de tout recepteur. Les techniques electroniques simples ne peuvent etre employees en raison du creusement du spectre electrique induit par la PMD et du decalage temporel horloge-donnees cree. Aussi l'utilisation de techniques de recuperation d'horloge tout optiques permet de circonvenir ces deux limitations. En particulier, les lasers auto-pulsants constituent des composants tres prometteurs pour realiser une recuperation d'horloge optique en presence de PMD. Enfin leur utilisation dans un regenerateur 3R original permet de demontrer la faisabilite d'une compensation de la PMD par un regenerateur 3R tout optique a architecture simple.
Childhood development of fear of failure motivation.

Abstract : Mothers of high and low fear of failure (FF) Ss completed a modified Winterbottom questionnaire. The results indicated that: (1) mothers of high FF Ss expected independence and achievement behaviors earlier than mothers of low FF Ss; (2) mothers of high FF Ss were neutral following satisfactory behavior and mothers of low FF Ss rewarding; (3) Ss whose mothers were neutral following satisfactory behavior and punishing following unsatisfactory behavior had higher FF motivation than Ss whose mothers were rewarding and neutral respectively. It was concluded that only (2) and (3) contribute to the differential development of FF and HS (hope of success) achievement motivation. (Author)
The effects of BA and BA+GA4+7 on the main shoot growth dynamics and the feather formation in two-year-old 'knip-boom' apple trees.

Production of two-year-old ‘knip-boom’ apple trees requires usage of plant growth regulators in order to induce formation of a sufficient number of quality feathers. This paper investigates the effects of benzyladenine (BA) and combinations of BA and gibberellins 4+7 (GA4+7) on the shoot growth rate and the feather formation on the ‘knip-boom’ Jonagold, Golden Delicious and Granny Smith cultivars. Our findings indicate that BA spraying temporarily slows the main shoot growth, as it can negatively affect the tree height. On the other hand, GA4+7 application has a stimulating effect on the main shoot growth and eliminates these negative effects of BA. Finally, compared to the treatment with BA only, BA+GA4+7 application enhances feathering in Granny Smith cultivar.
Cereal Non-Starch Polysaccharides in Pig Diets Influence on Digestion Site, Gut Environment and Microbial Populations

Hogberg, A. 2003. Cereal non-starch polysaccharides in pig diets. Influence on digestion site, gut environment and microbial populations. Doctoral thesis. ISSN 1401-6249, ISBN 91-576-6437-4 This thesis is based on three different studies comprising the weaning and the growing period, aiming at monitoring the influence of cereal non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and dietary enzyme supplementation on gastro-intestinal processes in pigs. The diets were based on cereals and cereal by-products, and composed to contain different amounts of total as well as soluble NSP. Results from these studies have shown that with increased NSP content, the reduction in digestibility of organic matter (OM) was twice as high in the small intestine than in the total tract, both in newly weaned piglets and growing pigs. An increased proportion of insoluble NSP decreased the digestibility of OM and fibre components in the small intestine of the newly weaned piglets and in the total tract of growing pigs. The gut environment, as described by content and proportions of organic acids (OA) and pH, as well as total microbial populations and coliform diversity, was altered by NSP content and solubility, whereas enzyme supplementation influenced the distribution of OA in the small intestine. PVTC-cannulation did not influence the coliform flora, and results obtained from PVTC-cannulated pigs were concluded to reflect true intestinal conditions. In conclusion, these results indicate that the dietary content of total and soluble NSP influence gastro-intestinal processes such as digestion site, gut environment and microbial populations in different ways in newly weaned piglets and in growing pigs. Therefore, NSP constitute an important tool with possibilities to influence gut health in pigs, and may therefore offer prospects to optimise the feed for pigs of different
The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: Direct constraints on blue galaxy intrinsic alignments at intermediate redshifts

Correlations between the intrinsic shapes of galaxy pairs, and between the intrinsic shapes of galaxies and the large-scale density field, may be induced by tidal fields. These correlations, which have been detected at low redshifts (z < 0.35) for bright red galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and for which upper limits exist for blue galaxies at z similar to 0.1, provide a window into galaxy formation and evolution, and are also an important contaminant for current and future weak lensing surveys. Measurements of these alignments at intermediate redshifts (z similar to 0.6) that are more relevant for cosmic shear observations are very important for understanding the origin and redshift evolution of these alignments, and for minimizing their impact on weak lensing measurements. We present the first such intermediate-redshift measurement for blue galaxies, using galaxy shape measurements from SDSS and spectroscopic redshifts from the WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey. Our null detection allows us to place upper limits on the contamination of weak lensing measurements by blue galaxy intrinsic alignments that, for the first time, do not require significant model-dependent extrapolation from the z similar to 0.1 SDSS observations. Also, combining the SDSS and WiggleZ constraints gives us a long redshift baseline with which to constrain intrinsic alignment models and contamination of the cosmic shear power spectrum. Assuming that the alignments can be explained by linear alignment with the smoothed local density field, we find that a measurement of Sigma(8) in a blue-galaxy dominated, CFHTLS-like survey would be contaminated by at most +0.02(-0.03) (95 per cent confidence level, SDSS and WiggleZ) or +/- 0.03 (WiggleZ alone) due to intrinsic alignments. We also allow additional power-law redshift evolution of the intrinsic alignments, due to (for example) effects like interactions and mergers that are not included in the linear alignment model, and find that our constraints on cosmic shear contamination are not significantly weakened if the power-law index is less than similar to 2. The WiggleZ sample (unlike SDSS) has a long enough redshift baseline that the data can rule out the possibility of very strong additional evolution.
Population Status Assessment and Restoration Modeling of White Abalone Haliotis sorenseni in California

ABSTRACT White abalone Haliotis sorenseni was listed as endangered in 2001 because of severe declines throughout southern California due to overfishing. Populations continue to decline despite the closure of the fishery in 1996. There has been little to no evidence of recruitment in southern California from population surveys and in artificial reefs targeting white abalone recruitment since the listing of the species. A 13-y time series of white abalone abundance in prime habitat, surveyed with a remote-operated vehicle, was used in a population viability analysis to quantify: (1) the population decline and (2) the time to reach a quasi-extinction threshold. The annual decline in the population is 12%, which is comparable to adult natural mortality rates for abalone species. The quasi-extinction threshold of 1,000 individuals is met within 15 y. These results confirm that the white abalone populations in southern California are at high risk of extinction, and highlight the importance of active stocking and restoration for the species. To inform restoration, a deterministic density-dependent size-based matrix model was developed to investigate different stocking scenarios, incorporating an innovative method for modeling low populations by setting the reproductive term as a function of adult density to mimic a reproductive Allee effect. A minimum density of 0.14 abalone/m2 of stocked juveniles led to a maximum population growth rate (λ) of more than or equal to 1 for the model population within 10 y but that recovery was poor (mean λ15–20 ≤ 1.0) over time if the level of juvenile stocking was less than 0.23 abalone/m2 in the model population. The innovative approach of incorporating adult density into the reproductive term in the model quantitatively shows how low population densities can impact threatened and endangered species, and may be widely used for other species. These results can not only help guide stocking strategies but also allow for the quantitative evaluation of white abalone under the guidance of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, suggesting that white abalone should be considered Critically Endangered.
Aldosterone and Epithelial Na Channels Mice carrying ubiquitin-specific protease 2 ( Usp 2 ) gene inactivation maintain normal sodium balance and blood pressure

Daniel Pouly, Anne Debonneville, Dorothée Ruffieux-Daidié, Marc Maillard, Hugues Abriel, Johannes Loffing, and Olivier Staub Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Nephrology, Centre Universitaire Hospitalier Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Effects of laser Therapy on Morselized Bone Allograft Incorporation Laser Therapy and Bone Grafts Incorporation

Objective: To assess the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on morselized bone allograft incorporation. Material and Methods: Four rabbits were used as bone tissue donors. Morselized bone allografts and autografts were placed into the calvaria of 20 rabbits divided across four groups: two LLLT groups (allograft, autograft and blood clot) and two non-irradiated control groups (allograft, autograft and blood clot). Animals were euthanized at 35 days (n = 10) or 70 days (n = 10). LLLT consisted of spot laser irradiation (GaAlAs diode laser, λ = 830 nm, energy density 4 J/cm2) over four points on the skull, for a total of 16 J/cm2 per session and a total treatment dose of 128 J/cm2. Results: At 70 days, animals in the allograft + LLLT group had statistically significant differences in bone remodeling (p = 0.008) and vascularization (p = 0.032) as compared with the allograft control group. There were no statistically significant differences in bone incorporation in the allograft + LLLT and auto graft control groups. Conclusion: Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a qualitatively and quantitatively positive effect of LLLT on the speed of osteogenesis after morselized bone allograft placement.
Broadband CPW-Fed Circularly Polarized Square Slot Antenna With Three Inverted-L-Shape Grounded Strips

A new form CPW-fed broadband circularly polarized square slot antenna (CPSSA) with three inverted-L-shape grounded strips around the corners of the slot is proposed and fabricated. In comparison to the previous CPSSA structures, the axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth of the antenna is increased, which is two times wider than the previous proposed design. By embedding the L-shape strip to the ground plane and using the vertical stub to the feed line, very good axial-ratio bandwidth is obtained. The measured impedance bandwidth and AR of the realized CPSS antenna with optimized parameters is from 2 to 7 GHz (3.5:1, 110%) for VSWR ≤ 2 and 2-5 GHz (2.5:1; 85%) for AR ≤ 3 dB respectively. Throughout this letter, the improvement process of the AR and S11 properties is completely presented and discussed.
Consensual Nonmonogamy: Psychological Well-Being and Relationship Quality Correlates

Consensually nonmonogamous relationships are those in which all partners explicitly agree that each partner may have romantic or sexual relationships with others (Conley, Ziegler, Moors, Matsick, & Valentine, 2013). In this article, research examining the associations between consensual nonmonogamy, psychological well-being, and relationship quality is reviewed. Specifically, three types of consensual nonmonogamy are examined: swinging, open relationships (including sexually open marriage and gay open relationships), and polyamory. Swinging refers to when a couple practices extradyadic sex with members of another couple; open relationships are relationships in which partners agree that they can have extradyadic sex; and polyamory is the practice of, belief in, or willingness to engage in consensual nonmonogamy, typically in long-term and/or loving relationships. General trends in the research reviewed suggest that consensual nonmonogamists have similar psychological well-being and relationship quality as monogamists. Methodological challenges in research on consensual nonmonogamy and directions for future research are discussed.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex Delays Contralateral Endogenous Saccades

The contributions of the superior prefrontal cortex (SPFC) and the superior parietal lobule (SPL) in generating voluntary endogenous and reflexive visually guided saccades were investigated using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Subjects made choice saccades to the left or right visual field in response to a central arrowhead (endogenous go signal) or a peripheral asterisk (exogenous go signal) that were presented along with a single TMS pulse at varying temporal intervals. TMS over the SPFC increased latencies for saccades made in response to an endogenous go signal toward the contralateral hemifield. No effects were observed when the go signal was exogenous and TMS was over the SPFC or when TMS was over the SPL for either saccade type. The delayed contralateral endogenous saccades observed in this study are likely a consequence of disruption in the normal operations of the human frontal eye field.
Compensation for spectacle lenses involves changes in proteoglycan synthesis in both the sclera and choroid.

PURPOSE It has been demonstrated that chick eye growth compensates for defocus imposed by spectacle lenses: the eye elongates in response to hyperopic defocus imposed by negative lenses and slows its elongation in response to myopic defocus imposed by positive lenses. We ask whether the synthesis of scleral extracellular matrix, specifically glycosaminoglycans, changes in parallel with the changes in ocular elongation. In addition, there is a choroidal component to compensation for spectacle lenses; the choroid thickens in response to myopic defocus and thins in response to hyperopic defocus. We ask whether choroidal glycosaminoglycan synthesis changes in parallel with changes in choroidal thickness. METHODS Chicks wore either a +15 diopter (D) or -15 D spectacle lens over one eye, or they wore one lens of each power over each eye for 5 days. At the end of this period, we measured refractive errors and ocular dimensions by refractometry and A-scan ultrasonography, respectively. Pieces of the scleras and choroids from these eyes were put into culture and the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans was assessed by measuring the incorporation of radioactive inorganic sulfur. RESULTS We here report that the compensatory modulation of the length of the eye involves changes in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in the sclera, with synthesis increasing in eyes wearing -15 D spectacles lenses and decreasing in eyes wearing +15 D lenses. In addition, changes in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in the choroid are correlated with changes in choroidal thickness: eyes wearing +15 D lenses develop thicker choroids and these choroids synthesize more glycosaminoglycans than choroids from eyes wearing -15 D lenses. CONCLUSIONS Changes in scleral glycosaminoglycan synthesis accompany lens-induced changes in the length of the eye. Furthermore, changes in the thickness of the choroid are also associated with changes in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. These results are consistent with the regulation of the growth of the eye being bidirectional, and with the retina being able to sense the sign of defocus.
Active fault diagnosis using moving horizon input design

This article considers the design of an input signal for improving the diagnosability of faults from process measurements. Previous work has focused on open-loop input design. In particular, deterministic methods are available for computing an input that guarantees fault diagnosis within a specified time horizon, whenever such an input exists. Here, two closed-loop approaches are considered that use feedback in order to reduce the length and/or cost of the required input, while maintaining this guarantee. The first method uses an existing open-loop input design method within a receding horizon framework. The second method approximates the first by an explicit feedback law in order to reduce online computations.
Genetic Polymorphism in Heterogeneous Environments: The Age of Genomics

The selective mechanisms for maintaining polymorphism in natural populations has been the subject of theory, experiments, and review over the past half century. Advances in molecular genetic techniques have provided new insight into many examples of balancing selection. In addition, new theoretical developments demonstrate how diversifying selection over environments may maintain polymorphism. Tests for balancing selection in the current generation, the recent past, and the distant past provide a comprehensive approach for evaluating selective impacts. In particular, sequencedbased tests provide new ways to evaluate the long-term impact of selection on particular genes and the overall genome in natural populations. Overall, there appear to be many loci exhibiting the signal of adaptive directional selection from genomic scans, but the present evidence suggests that the proportion of loci where polymorphism is maintained by environmental heterogeneity is low. However, as more molecular genetic details become available, more examples of polymorphism maintained by selection in heterogeneous environments may be found.