Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The antibacterial effect of four mouthwashes against streptococcus mutans and escherichia coli.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of several mouthwash concentrations on oral Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli. METHODS The study was conducted at Shiraz Medicine School in 2011. Serial dilutions of Chlorohexidin, Oral B and Persica and Irsha (2,4,8,16,64,128) were prepared in Muller-Hinton media. Minimum inhibitory concentration was visually determined and defined as the lowest concentration of each oral washing which inhibited > 95% growth reduction compared to the growth control well. RESULTS Chlorhexidine, Oral B and Irsha mouthwash inhibited Streptococcus mutans even with diluted concentrations. Also, Chlorhexidine and Oral B prohibited Escherichia coli with different potencies. But Persica had no antimicrobial activity against either Escherichia coli or Streptococcus mutans. CONCLUSIONS Chlorhexidine, Irsha, and Oral B mouthwashes can be used for antimicrobial effects, especially on Streptococcus mutans. This chemical activity of mouthwashes is an adjuvant for mechanical removing of plaque. However, the antimicrobial effect of Persicaremains controversial.
[Transient expression of Echinococcus granulosus Eg95 DNA vaccine and induction of immune response in mice].

OBJECTIVE To detect the in vitro expression of pcDNA3-Eg95 and to observe the immunological effect of the Eg95 DNA vaccine in mice. METHODS The eukaryotic recombinant plasmid pcDNA3-Eg95 was transfected into HeLa cells with liposome-mediated method. RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of Eg95 mRNA and Eg95 protein, respectively. The BALB/c mice were immunized by pcDNA3-Eg95. Anti-Eg95 IgG and IgG2a in murine serum were determined by ELISA. The proliferation activity of spleen T lymphocytes was tested using MTT assay. RESULTS Using RT-PCR method, the expression of Eg95 mRNA was confirmed in vitro. The results of ELISA and Western blotting showed that there was a specific Eg95 protein, which can be specifically recognized by anti-sera of Eg95-prokaryotic-expressing protein in pcDNA3-Eg95 transfected HeLa cell lysis. The specific IgG was induced during the 3rd week and continued to increase until week 10. IgG2a was detected after 2 weeks and maintained a higher level till week 10. There was a significant difference of IgG2a level between pcDNA3-Eg95 immunized group and pcDNA3 control (P<0.01). In spleen T cell proliferation response, the stimulation index (SI) in pcDNA3-Eg95 group was higher than that of vector control (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Eg95 DNA vaccine can induce significant cellular and humoral immune response in mice.
The Lateral Forearm Flap as a Modification of the Lateral Arm Flap: Vascular Anatomy and Clinical Implications

The forearm extension of the lateral arm flap was introduced on the basis of the vascular territory of the posterior radial collateral artery extending beyond the elbow into the forearm. However, there is controversy as to whether the posterior radial collateral artery extends as a single trunk below the elbow or if it terminates more proximally with only a rich vascular plexus extending beyond the elbow. The purpose of this study was to revisit the artery’s anatomy in the region of the elbow and to study its distribution in the forearm. Using latex and barium-gelatin injections of the posterior radial collateral artery in ten cadaveric upper limbs, it was observed that terminal branching of the artery occurred 4.5 cm proximal to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Distal to the epicondyle, the terminal branches of the posterior radial collateral artery were seen to fan out as finely arborized branches supplying the lateral forearm skin. No single, constant vascular trunk to the forearm skin could be identified. Furthermore, in its distribution toward the periphery, the terminal branches of the posterior radial collateral artery took an increasingly superficial course. Proximal to the epicondyle, the vessels lay deep within the subcutaneous fat, whereas distal to the epicondyle, they were very close to skin. These findings suggest that lateral forearm skin cannot be islanded without risk of vascular disruption and that the distally sited flap should include skin proximal to the epicondyle for safety.
Which top managements are paid more? Commercial banks versus security brokers and dealers

We empirically test the relationship between top management compensation and performance in terms of Pay-Performance Sensitivity (PPS). We have mixed results for fixed compensation where PPS is significantly associated with both past-year and contract-year performance for commercial banks industry, whereas security brokers and dealers industry exhibits no significant PPS relationship. However, flexible and total compensations have PPS strongly related to the contract-year performance for both commercial banks and security brokers and dealers industries. Further, there is significant difference in PPS between commercial banks and security brokers and dealers industries. Moreover, firm size and level of leverage show significant negative and positive relationship with PPS, respectively. These imply that top managements in security brokers and dealers industry, which is relatively smaller in size and higher in level of leverage, are compensated more than those in the commercial banks industry for the same amount of increase in the shareholders' wealth.
Investigation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids including their respective N-oxides in selected food products available in Hong Kong by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry

ABSTRACT This study determined the levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), including their respective N-oxides, in foodstuffs available in Hong Kong by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 234 samples (48 food items) were collected randomly from a local market and analysed. About 50% of samples were found to contain detectable amount of PAs. Amongst the 48 food items, PAs were not detected in 11 food items, including barley flour, beef, cattle liver, pork, pig liver, chicken meat, chicken liver, milk, non-fermented tea, Melissa tea and linden tea. For those found to contain detectable PAs, the summed PA content ranged up to 11,000 µg kg−1. The highest sum of PA content among the 37 food items calculated with lower bound was cumin seed, then followed by oregano, tarragon and herbs de Provence with ranges of 2.5–11,000, 1.5–5100, 8.0–3300 and 18–1300 µg kg−1 respectively. Among the samples, the highest sum of PA content was detected in a cumin seed sample (11,000 µg kg−1), followed by an oregano (5100 µg kg−1), a tarragon (3300 µg kg−1) and a herbs de Provence (1300 µg kg−1). In general, the results of this study agreed well with other published results in peer-reviewed journals, except that the total PAs in honey and specific tea infusion in this study were comparatively lower.
Validation of body composition estimates in male and female distance runners using estimates from a four‐component model

This study used estimates of body composition from a four‐component model (%Fatd,w,m) to determine whether the assumed density (Dffm) and the composition of the fat‐free mass (FFM), and estimates of body composition from methods based on two‐ and three‐component models are valid in distance runners. Measures of body density (Db) by underwater weighing, total body water by deuterium dilution, and bone mineral by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) were obtained in 10 female and 12 male runners and an equal number of controls matched for age, height, weight, gender, and ethnicity. Dffm of the runners did not differ from 1.1 g·cm−3 or from the controls even though the composition of the FFM differed from that assumed. Therefore, percentage of body fat (%Fat) from densitometry did not differ from %Fatd,w,m in the runners, although individual variation was substantial (−5.3 to 3.0% body mass, SDdiff = 2.1% body mass). Three‐component model estimates of %Fat from Db and body water agreed quite closely with %Fatd,w,m (x ≤ 1.6% body mass, SDdiff = 0.5% body mass), whereas those from Db and body mineral (xdiff = 1.6–2.9% body mass, SDdiff = 2.3% body mass) and from DXA (xdiff = 2.2–4.0% body mass, SDdiff = 2.1% body mass) were less accurate and underestimated %Fatd,w,m. We conclude that Dffm does not differ from 1.1 g·cm−3 and that densitometry is a valid method to estimate group mean body composition, but that measurement of Db and total body water are necessary for accurate individual estimates of body composition in male and female distance runners. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:301–314, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrochemical Potentials (Quasi-Fermi Levels) and the Operation of Hot-Carrier, Impact-Ionization, and Intermediate-Band Solar Cells

In the framework of the so-called third generation solar cells, three main concepts have been proposed in order to exceed the limiting efficiency of single-gap solar cells: the hot-carrier solar cell, the impact-ionization or multiple-exciton-generation solar cell, and the intermediate-band solar cell. At first sight, the three concepts are different, but in this paper, we illustrate how all these concepts, including the single-gap solar cell, share a common trunk that we call “core photovoltaic material. ” We demonstrate that each one of these next-generation concepts differentiates in fact from this trunk depending on the hypotheses that are made about the physical principles governing the electron electrochemical potentials. In the process, we also clarify the differences between electron, phonon, and photon chemical potentials (the three fundamental particles involved in the operation of the solar cell). The in-depth discussion of the physics involved about the operation of these cells also provides new insights about the operation of these cells.
Assessing health literacy in African American and Caucasian adults: disparities in rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine (REALM) scores.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The influence of literacy on health and health care is an important area of investigation. Studies with a literacy focus are most valuable when literacy is assessed with psychometrically sound instruments. METHODS This study used a prospective cohort sample of 1,610 primary care patients. Patients provided sociodemographics and took the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM), a 66-item word pronunciation literacy test. RESULTS The sample was 65% African American; 66% were men; 51% had a high school education or less. REALM scores were significantly related to education, age, and race but not gender. When stratified by education, differences between African Americans and Caucasians remained significant. Using 19 different strategies to shorten the 66-item instrument, reliability coefficients above.80 were maintained. CONCLUSIONS The REALM is a robust assessment of health literacy. However, the discordance in scores between African Americans and Caucasians with similar educational attainment needs to be further addressed. A much shorter instrument would still have internally consistent scores and potentially be more useful in clinical settings.
Nitrous Oxide Content in the Operating Suite

Nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations in the ambient atmosphere were measured by gas chromatography during surgical anesthesia. Levels in the recovery room were affected not only by the N2O content in the expiratory air of postanesthetic patients and personnel but also by N2O levels in the operating rooms. With the onset of N2O anesthesia in operating rooms, gases blow into all adjacent areas; while this level is relatively low, operating-suite personnel cannot escape some exposure to N2O.
Organizational Climate and Academic Staff's Perception on Climate Factors

This study aimed to find out how managers and academicians working in the organization perceived their organization and how they responded to the variations arising from climatic changes in the organization. The data were collected from 146 academicians by Kocaeli University Organizational Climate Questionnaire (KUOCQ) measuring five factors- "rules and discipline", "democracy", "social and cultural factors", "organizational image" and "organizational goals". Reliability coefficient of questionnaire was α = . 97. The findings showed that there was a significant difference in five dimensions between academicians who were in the post of management and those who were not: managers scored more than the rest. Moreover, the findings showed that "gender" and "academic title" were not important in the perception of organizational climate. When evaluated in general, it was obviously seen that it was necessary for the managers to make all academicians informed about the decisions and the situation of organization in order to create an atmosphere of mutual trust. Suggestions are made about what should be done to achieve effective organizational climate and to help academic staff have a positive approach to more positive organizational climate and to remove post inequity between managers and academicians.
Cultural Aspects of Psychosis in the Elderly

The elderly population is rapidly growing and increasing in diversity. Furthermore, mental disorders are common in this population. Elderly patients are at increased risk for developing psychotic symptoms. Consequently, clinicians must increase their awareness of culture and its effect on psychosis in the elderly. This article briefly reviews the components of cultural assessments, cultural issues pertaining to diagnosis and treatment, and culture-bound syndromes. Some studies have demonstrated ethnic differences in the presention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of psychotic disorders in the elderly. These differences may be explained by factors including clinicians’ bias, cultural distance between patients and clinicians, culturally biased diagnostic instruments, stereotypes of psychopathology, and biological and other environmental factors. However, some studies have not documented ethnic differences in diagnosing and treating psychotic disorders. Appropriate assessments and diagnoses include patients’ and clinicians’ ethnic and cultural contexts. Rigorous methodological research is needed to further evaluate the prevalence and treatment of psychotic disorders in ethnic minority elders.
FIXATION OF THE MANDIBLE CHANGES MASSETER MUSCLE ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH SWALLOWING

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mandibular fixation on activity of the swallowing-related muscles during swallowing. Electromyograms in the masseter muscle, orbicularis oris superior muscle, suprahyoid muscles, and infrahyoid muscles were recorded from seven healthy humans. Electromyographic activity during swallowing was compared between an experimental condition with mandibular fix-ation and an experimental condition without such fixation. Duration of the swallowing phase was prolonged with mandibular fixation. Mandibular fixation significantly delayed the onset of masseter muscle activity- during swallowing, although no other muscle groups showed a delay. - The amount of muscle activity during swallowing was not significantly different between the two experimental conditions in any of the muscle groups. In conclusion, mandibular fixation decreases the masseter muscle activity at the initial phase of swallowing. This may be due to decreased need of the masseter muscle activity against force pulling the mandible.
Intersubunit and Domain Interactions of the Meprin B Metalloproteinase

Meprins, multimeric metalloproteases expressed in kidney and intestinal epithelial cells as well as in certain leukocytes and cancer cells, have the ability to hydrolyze a variety of growth factors, vasoactive peptides, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins. The meprin B isoform exists primarily as a cell-surface homooligomer composed of disulfide-linked, multidomain β-subunits. To gain insight into how the tertiary and quaternary structure of meprin B affects function, the disulfide-bonding pattern and sites of domain-domain interactions were investigated using sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation, cross-linking, and mass spectrometry techniques. Three symmetrical intersubunit disulfide bonds were identified in the noncatalytic interaction domains; two in the MAM (meprin, A-5 protein, protein-tyrosine phosphatase μ) domain and one in the TRAF (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor) domain. These disulfide bridges are unique for the known homophilic interactions of these domains. Mutation of any of the intersubunit cysteine residues resulted in the inability of meprin B to form disulfide-linked dimers. The four cysteines of the protease domain formed intradomain disulfide bonds. The MAM domain also had one intradomain disulfide bond and one free cysteine. Cross-linking studies of the meprin B dimer with the amine-reactive cross-linker disuccinimidyl suberate revealed inter- and intradomain contacts within the protein, including prosequence-prosequence, protease-TRAF, protease-epidermal growth factor, and TRAF-TRAF interactions. From these observations, a model of the meprin B dimer structure is proposed that provides insight into the relationship between structure and function of this isoform.
A Study on Ocular Morbidity among Patients with Psoriasis Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karnataka, Southern India

ABSTRACT Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disorder with predominantly dermatological manifestations and varying prevalence in different parts of the world. Data on the ocular features of this disease are limited. Hence, we aimed to estimate the burden of ocular disease in psoriatic patients in the Indian population. Materials and methods: An interdisciplinary cross-sectional hospital-based observational study was conducted in South India, wherein an ophthalmological evaluation was performed for the patients with Psoriasis. The ocular features were recorded and compared with the severity of psoriasis using the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score. Results: Ocular morbidity was observed in 80% of the patients with psoriasis which increased with increasing duration (p = 0.004) and increasing PASI score (p < 0.001). Blepharitis and dry eye disease were common in our patients with psoriasis. Conclusion: It is important to screen patients with psoriasis for ocular comorbidities so as to prevent sight-threatening complications.
Risk and protective factors for symptoms of anxiety and depression in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract Objective: The severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression was evaluated in 102 parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and correlated with the severity of their child’s behavioral symptoms. Design: An observational, cross-sectional study. Methods: The Portuguese versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist were used to assess symptoms in the parents and in their children. Main outcomes and results: Depression was present in 26.7% of parents and anxiety in 33.7%. Severe behavioral symptoms in the child increased the likelihood of severe anxiety and depression symptoms in the parents by a factor of 35. If the child had severe behavioral symptoms and the father lived in the family home, the likelihood of severe symptoms of anxiety and depression in the parents was 95.2% lower. Conclusion: The presence of the father living in the family home acted as a buffer against parents’ symptoms.
Cytopathy of an infiltrating monocyte lineage during the early phase of infection with murinecoronavirus in the brain

Viral spread during the early stages after infection was compared between a highly neurovirulent mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), JHMV cl‐2 strain (cl‐2), and its low‐virulent mutant, soluble‐receptor‐resistant (srr)7. The infection of cells with srr7 (soluble‐receptor‐resistant mutant 7) is dependent on a known MHV receptor (MHVR), carcinoembryonic cell adhesion molecule 1a, whereas cl‐2 shows MHVR‐independent infection. Initial viral antigens were detected between 12 and 24 h post‐inoculation (p.i) in the infiltrating cells that appeared in the subarachnoidal space of mouse brains infected with viruses. There were no significant differences in the intensity or spread of viral antigens in the inflammatory cells between the two viruses. However, 48 h after infection with cl‐2, viral antigen‐positive cells in the grey matter with the shape of neurons, which do not express MHVR, were detected, while srr7 infection was observed primarily in the white matter. Some of the viral antigen‐positive inflammatory cells found in the subarachnoidal space during the early phase of infection reacted with anti‐F4/80 or anti‐CD11b monoclonal antibodies. Syncytial giant cells (SGCs) expressing viral and CD11b antigens were also detected among these inflammatory cells. These antigen‐positive cells appeared in the subarachnoidal space prior to viral antigen spread into the brain parenchyma, indicating that viral encephalitis starts with the infection of infiltrating monocytes which express MHVR. Furthermore, the observation indicates that viral infection has cytopathic effects on the monocyte lineage, which plays a critical role in innate immunity, leading to the rapid spread of viruses during the early stage of infection.
The Epidemiology of Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis

Purpose To report the incidence and outcomes of diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) after LASIK and to analyze potential causative factors. Methods Retrospective review of 15,119 cases (11,232 primary procedures and 3887 enhancements) from 7168 patients undergoing LASIK from May 1995 through October 2002, comparing preoperative data and postoperative outcomes for each case developing DLK to patients in the study population and a control series of eyes that did not develop DLK. Results We identified 61 eyes (0.40%) that developed DLK after LASIK. Three study groups were identified based on sterilization protocols used: (1) steam autoclave without reservoir (8348 cases), (2) cassette autoclave with reservoir (6771 cases), (3) steam autoclave without reservoir and new instrument cleaner (1758 cases). Significantly more eyes developed DLK with Protocol 2 (47 cases, 0.94%) than with Protocol 1 (11 cases; 0.1%; P < 0.0001) or Protocol 3 (3 cases, 0.2%; P < 0.0005). There was no significant difference in the incidence of DLK in Protocol 1 versus Protocol 3. DLK was significantly more common after primary procedures than with enhancement procedures only under Protocol 2. No individual developed DLK after more than 1 procedure. Treatment protocols included frequent topical steroids only (24 cases, 39.3%), frequent topical steroids and oral steroids (19 cases, 31.2%), or topical and oral steroids combined with lifting and irrigating beneath the flap (18 cases, 29.5%). Final refractions and visual acuities were not significantly different in eyes that developed DLK and those that did not. Conclusions DLK is a nonspecific inflammatory response to multiple stimuli that cannot be attributed solely to individual variation in the inflammatory response, the microkeratome, or material deposited by the microkeratome. Sterilizers with reservoirs may cause some cases of DLK. With appropriate diagnosis and treatment, DLK should resolve without sequelae, yielding visual outcomes comparable to cases with uneventful postoperative courses.
Association of prostate cancer risk with snps in regions containing androgen receptor binding sites captured by ChIP‐On‐chip analyses

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified approximately three dozen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) consistently associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Despite the reproducibility of these associations, the molecular mechanism for most of these SNPs has not been well elaborated as most lie within non‐coding regions of the genome. Androgens play a key role in prostate carcinogenesis. Recently, using ChIP‐on‐chip technology, 22,447 androgen receptor (AR) binding sites have been mapped throughout the genome, greatly expanding the genomic regions potentially involved in androgen‐mediated activity.