Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of cutaneous mast cell sarcoma in dogs in Croatia.

Prevalence of cutaneous mast cell sarcomas (MCSs) was investigated at Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine from January 1st, 2008. to December 31st, 2012. Frequency of tumor grades depending on the breed, sex and localization in Croatia was established. In the analyzed period totally 1939 tumors were diagnosed, from which 928 of them were skin tumors, and MCS were found in 125 animals or in 13.47% of skin tumors. MCSs were found more frequently in male dogs (n=77 or 61.6%) and average age was 7.83 years. Higher incidence of these tumors were on the thorax (16.8%), hind limbs (12.8%), abdomen (12%), head (9.6%), forelimb (7.20%) and neck (6.4%). Golden retriever, mongrel and Boxer were most frequent breed. Grade I tumor found in 24.8% (n=31) of animals from which 67.74% (n=21) was male and 32.26 (n=10) female ; grade II in 41.6% (n=52) from wich 59.62% (n=31) male and 40.38% (n=21) female ; and grade III in 33.6% (n=42) from which 59.53% (n=25) was male and 40.44 (n=17) female. The ratio of grade I, II and III in male dogs was 27.27% ; 40.26% and 32.47% respectively and in female 20.83% ; 43.75% and 35.42% respectively. The average age of dogs with tumors grade I, II and III was 7.82, 7.69, and 7.99 years respectively. On the head most frequent was grade II, on the neck I and III equally, on the forelimb, hind limb, back, abdomen, tail and preputium grade II was most frequent. The most frequent grade on the perineum, scrotum and multiple locations was grade III. In the Golden retriever the most frequent location of tumor was thorax, in the mongrel multiple location and in Boxer abdomen.
Prevalence of Seropositive Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women in Hail Region.

Objective: To evaluate prevalence of toxoplasmosis which is caused by Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in Hail region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to evaluate environmental and behavioral factors that may influence the infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii. Methodology: Data was collected by interviewing a total number of 100 pregnant women by using a standard questionnaire that was translated into the local language. Results: Among expectant females aged above 40 years the seropositive test was found positive in 8.57% while among young females it was negative. Conclusion: There is a need to launch an awareness program for the pregnant women and additional studies of this type should be encouraged to add the knowledge of the community about the risks of exposure to Toxoplasmagondii by pregnant women in Hail region.
Analisis Teori Perkembangan Kognitif Piaget pada Tahap Anak Usia Operasional Konkret 7-12 Tahun dalam Pembelajaran Matematika

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji lebih jauh tentang teori yang dikembangkan oleh Jean Piaget terhadap pembelajaran matematika sesuai tingkat berfikir anak pada tahap usia operaional konkret (7-12 tahun). Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari peneliti sebagai instrumen utama. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu buku, jurnal, artikel, dan karya ilmiah lainnya. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan content analysis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan kognitif anak pada tahap usia operasional konkret (7-12 tahun) dalam pembelajaran matematika ini berbeda-beda hampir pada setiap tahap usianya. Selain tingkat pemahaman siswa yang berbeda-beda, model dan metode serta penanganan yang digunakan juga sangat bervariatif tergantung dengan fase usianya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi landasan guru dalam mengajar sehingga pembelajaran menjadi lebih efektif, efisien, dan tepat sasaran. Terlebih dapat mendorong tercapainya tujuan pendidikan nasional.
The Retention of Social Workers in the Health Services: An Evidence-Based Assessment

The Implementation Plan for the Report of the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse (2009), better known as the Ryan Report, identified the retention of social workers in Irish child care as problematic, with child protection teams experiencing a higher turnover of social workers than in other areas. The Implementation Plan went on to recommend that the Health Service Executive (HSE) undertake research into staff retention issues in social work [Action 54] and also arrange for exit interviews with personnel leaving child protection and residential care in order to better understand issues of staff retention [Action 84] While the design of this research study pre-dates these important recommendations, it comprehensively encompasses the key issues raised in the Ryan Report on social work retention in Irish child care services. As well as researching the aspirations of social work students across Ireland in regard to their forthcoming social work careers, the study has also now completed in-depth on-line assessment with 182 practising social workers within the HSE. These on-line assessments have explored the social workers’ attitudes to their work, the positive and negative aspects of their job, and their coping strategies through work engagement and burnout scales. A number of the professional social workers who participated in the on-line phase of the research also contributed to in-depth focus groups or telephone interviews which allowed for a further qualitative exploration of the issues arising from the questionnaire data. The study has also explored and analysed the current data held by the HSE on job mobility. The collection and analysis of the data from the completed questionnaires, the focus groups and interviews have also drawn on the research team’s previous work in the area. They have completed a fiveyear longitudinal study (2002-2007) funded by the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences (IRCHSS) which assessed the training and practice experiences of a cohort of 35 social work graduates from UCD’s Masters in Social Work programme (Redmond et al., 2008). The team had also examined job satisfaction and job mobility among another cohort of 75 Irish social workers who started their professional social work careers between 1998 and 2001. This research has produced valuable data on the levels of positive and negative experiences of both recently qualified and more experienced social workers operating in the Irish health services (Guerin et al., 2010).
Experimental Research Trace minerals in experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage: zinc, copper and manganese levels in rat brain tissue, blood and urine

Summary Background. Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) are involved in regulatory systems in the cell. Their role in neuromodulator activities and redox reactions has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to determine changes of Zn, Cu and Mn levels in brain tissue, blood and urine after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The possible importance of these trace minerals on the pathogenesis of SAH was also discussed. Method. Rats were divided into three groups; namely a SAH group, a control group and a normal group. Blood samples in the SAH group and normal saline in the control group were injected into the cisterna magna. No surgical procedures were performed on the normal group. Brain tissue, blood and urine samples were measured for trace minerals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Measurements were taken on days 3, 7 and 10 after the onset in the control and SAH groups, and on the first day in the normal group. Findings. The reduced blood Zn levels and increased Zn urine loss observed in the SAH group were conspicuously significant. Furthermore, significant changes in Mn levels were also seen at different stages of the trial in the SAH group. However, differences found in the Cu levels between the groups were not significant enough to explain the results. Interpretation. These results suggest that the low blood Zn levels seen throughout the stages, the low brain tissue Mn levels seen during the latter part of the trial, and the low blood Mn levels observed during the early stages, may all be related to an increased risk in experimental SAH in rats. These differences may have possible role in the pathogenesis of SAH, and further investigations into the reduced blood Mn levels observed during the study may lead to new insight into the treatment of SAH.
PREFERENCES AND PERCEPTIONS FOLLOWING SEXUAL ASSAULT: A STUDY EXPLORING THE AWARENESS AND USE OF SUPPORT SERVICES, AND ESTIMATED EXTENT OF SEXUAL ASSAULT AMONG AMERICAN INDIAN WOMEN AT ONE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

Sexual assault is a national and global epidemic. This study focuses on American Indian women, who experience sexual assault at greater rates compared to all other racial groups and college students, who experience a high prevalence of sexual assault. This exploratory, mixed methods study considers the perceptions and preferences relative to sexual assault among American Indian college women. Specifically, this study explored the perceived barriers to reporting sexual assault, the perceived awareness of campus and community sexual assault services, preferred reporting patterns, and the perceived magnitude of sexual assault among American Indian college women while enrolled in a northwestern university and prior to enrollment. An anonymous online survey was distributed to American Indian students with the permission of an on-campus American Indian organization. A total of 31 responses were collected over a one-month time period from American Indian college women. The results suggested the need for improved sexual assault awareness and prevention strategies. Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of culture and the perceptions and preferences among American Indian college women. PLEASE NOTE: For purposes of confidentiality, the name of the northwestern university and information identifying the university's location were withheld throughout the body, references, and appendices of this document. The original survey sent to participants did identify the university and its location for reference purposes, but subsequently was removed and masked.
Evaluation of the Modernisation of Adult Critical Care Services in England

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank all patients and staff in the participating units in ICNARC's Case Mix Programme, members of the Adult Critical Care Stakeholders' Forum, and members of the Study Reference Group: Glossary Care bundle A group of guidelines that, when implemented and monitored together as a group, produce better outcomes than would be the case with individual implementation Comprehensive Critical Care The review of adult critical care services published by the Department of Health in England in May 2000. The report outlined a modernisation programme focusing on the organisation and delivery of critical care. High dependency care Comprehensive Critical Care defines level 2 care as the level of care for "patients requiring more detailed observation or intervention including support for a single failing organ system or post-operative care and those 'stepping down' from higher levels of care. " The Department of Health calculates available high dependency bed numbers as those capable of providing level 2 care. Intensive care Comprehensive Critical Care defines level 3 care as the level of care for "patients requiring advanced respiratory support alone or basic respiratory support together with support of at least two organ systems. This level includes all complex patients requiring support for multi-organ failure. " The Department of Health calculates available intensive care bed numbers as those capable of providing level 3 care. Modernisation Agency The organisation created in April 2001 by the Department of Health with the remit of coordinating modernisation at a national level by providing help in redesigning services, support the spread of best practice, and stimulate change at a local level. The Modernisation Agency was reconfigured in July 2005 as the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement. planning critical care services, encouraging the development of services, and agreeing critical care standards and protocols and how they should be audited. Outreach, Critical Care The provision of support outside the critical care unit with the aims of (i) averting admissions by identifying patients at risk of deterioration and either preventing admission or ensuring timely admission; (ii) enabling discharges by providing support to patients discharged from critical care areas to enable their continuing recovery on wards and after discharge from hospital; and (iii) sharing critical care skills. Track and trigger Physiological track and trigger warning systems aim to ensure timely recognition of patients with potential or established critical illness and timely attendance by appropriate staff. The track component involves observation …
Support of community preceptors: what do they need?

BACKGROUND: A critical need exists for community-based physicians to serve as medical educators. Data are needed on how best to support this valuable educational resource. This study defines the relative value of different types of support as rated by community preceptors who teach in a family medicine clerkship. METHODS: A total of 147 community-based preceptors for the University of North Carolina's third-year family medicine clerkship were surveyed with a self-administered, mailed questionnaire. Participants ranked sources of satisfaction, sources of dissatisfaction, and value of 27 types of potential support on a Likert-type scale. RESULTS: Of the 147 surveys sent, 112 were returned (76%). CME credit for teaching, financial stipends, textbooks, funds for CME, and help recruiting were ranked highest in value by the overall group. Statistical comparisons were made between subgroups of practice type, location, and underserved status. DISCUSSION: Wide variation in preceptors' needs supports a "menu" approach to preceptor assistance.
A Study on the Extent of Overweight/Obesity, and Underweight and, Its Determinants among the School Going Children of Urban/Rural Areas of Ahmedabad District, Gujarat. -

Aims and Objective: To assess the prevalence of Overweight/Obesity, and underweight among school children in the rural and urban areas of Ahmedabad district. Material and Methods: It was the school based Cross – Sectional Epidemiological study, carried out during the period December 2012-December 2013, and conducted in Private, Government and Municipal schools of Ahmedabad city among School going children studying in 8 th , 9th and 10 th High school standard of Ahmedabad district in the age group 12-17 years of both sexes were included in this study. After taking the informed consent, the students were asked to fill the pre validated questionnaire. Data entry was done in Microsoft Office Access Database and analysis was done by Epi Info 7. Results: Out of 1486, urban 775 (52.1%) and rural 711 (47.9%) adolescents were included. Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity was significantly high in urban area 18(62.1%) as compared to in rural area 11 (37.9%). 8 (27.6%) of Overweight & Obese adolescents had positive history of obesity in father while 10 (17.24%) of adolescents had positive history of Overweight/obesity in mother. Out of 29 overweight/obese adolescents, 19 students gave positive history of outdoor activity while 10 gave negative history of outdoor activity. 950 (63.9%) children found underweight among them 536 (56.4%) were boys and, 414 (43.6%) were girls. Conclusion: The results of this study expose the fact that the percentage of Overweight/Obese, and underweight children are growing in Gujarat also like in other states of India & other parts of world. The increasing trend of the modern day epidemic of Overweight/Obesity in children calls for immediate action in both rural and urban areas.
The frequency of hypothyroidism in Saudi community-based hospital: A retrospective single centre study

Background and objective: Thyroid gland is one of the important organs in human body and the burden of thyroid diseases in the general population is enormous specially in females. To estimate retrospectively the frequency of hypothyroidism in Saudi community-based hospital. Design: We analyzed retrospectively 3872 participants whom are between the age 12 to 105 years. All patients were from the population of the Primary health centre at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All data were collected on the basis of a review of electronic medical data. Patients with TSH above the normal range of TSH for our laboratory reference (4.2 MIU/L, history of hypothyroidism and taking thyroid replacement therapy were included. Patient who are pregnant were excluded. Results: Out of the initial screening of 6023 subjects, 3872 subjects were included. There were 884 (22.8 %) male and 2988 (77.2 %) were female with mean age 44.1 ± 16.3. The mean and median TSH values were 4.4 ± 8.7 and 2.6 respectively. Among them we found 1125 (29.1%) cases with hypothyroidism. Among cases of hypothyroidism, there were 964 (85.7 %) cases were female and 161 (14.3 %) were male with male to female ratio of 1 to 6.0, p < 0.0001. Cases with hypothyroidism were nonsignificantly older than cases with no hypothyroidism, 44.9 ± 16.2 vs. 43.8 ± 16.4 respectively, p = 0.06. Hypothyroidism was more prevalent in the fifth decade (32%). Hypothyroidsm was significantly more prevalent in females between the second to the sixth decades as compared to males. Male was nonsignificantly more prevalent than females in the eighth and ninth decades. Conclusion: We conclude that despite the limitations of this hospital-based retrospective study, hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in cohort of Saudis. The majority of our patients with primary hypothyroidism were young and predominantly females. These two observations remain to be validated by population-based studies. In the absence of registry data, larger cooperative studies involving diverse population samples from multiple centers could help to provide further information on the true frequency nationally. *Correspondence to: Khalid S Aljabri, Department of Endocrinology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, PO Box 9862, Jeddah 21159, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel: +96-623-233-33 ext. 59200, E-mail: khalidsaljabri@yahoo.com
Association between smoking habits and acne. A case-control study and a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Smoke increases the development of many diseases. Previous studies about its role in the pathogenesis of acne shows contradictory results. Methods: A questionnaire was administrated to each participant, to assess the association acne - smoke. For the systematic review, a bibliographic search on electronic databases was performed (Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar). Only case-control studies in English-language from 1966 to 2010 were included. All publications were analyzed by two researchers. Data regarded acneic patients in current and never smokers. Quality assessment was performed using a score for observational study. Results: Of 93 cases of the case-control study, 6 patients had severe acne, 19 moderate acne and 68 had a mild acne, according to classification of Global Alliance to improve outcomes in acne. No one of the smokers had severe acne, only one smoker had moderate acne and 11 had mild acne. Systematic review considered five population studies. First meta-analysis, with all investigations, showed a OR=2.03 (95% CI: 0.63–6.58). The sensitivity analyses include meta-analyses stratified by gender, and quality (score>6). Results for males were: OR=1.89 (95%CI:1.25-2.87); for female OR=1.84 (95%CI:0.36-9.51). The analysis using quality score reported OR=3.48, (95%CI: 1.58-7.68). Conclusions: In conclusions, smokers have higher risk to develop acne, especially males. Conclusions are not robust, because of heterogeneity definitions of smokers and acne grading. Keywords: Acne; Smoke; Tobacco; Nicotine; Cigarettes.
The transition from adolescent inpatient care back to the community: Young people’s perspectives

Whilst the majority of adolescents receive support from mental health services in community settings, some have problems that reach a level of severity and complexity that requires admission to hospital. Little is known, however, about how the young person adjusts and reintegrates back home following discharge from an inpatient unit. Part 1 is a literature review evaluating the evidence-base of alternative provisions to inpatient care for children and young people with severe and complex mental health problems. A total of 13 studies were identified for inclusion, and five intervention types were classified. The majority of the studies reported positive outcomes, but the strength of their designs varied. Overall, the studies provided promising findings for the effectiveness of community-based interventions for children and adolescents with complex mental health needs. Part 2 is a qualitative study that explored adolescent inpatients’ anticipations about the transition from inpatient care back into the community, that was informed by Self Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1980). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 adolescent inpatients and transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. The adolescents saw the transition back home as providing both opportunities (e.g. personal growth) and challenges (e.g. re-entering the “real world” and negative perceptions from others). Part 3 is a reflective discussion of the process of developing and carrying out the qualitative study. It focuses on three areas: issues of self-reflexivity, the process of interviewing adolescents, and the tensions of balancing a phenomenological approach whilst being informed by a theoretical framework.
The Effects of AIDS Education on Knowledge and Health Care Beliefs of Nursing Students

THE EFFECTS OF AIDS EDUCATION ON KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH CARE BELIEFS OF NURSING STUDENTS By Catherine Taliaferro Earl The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of AIDS education on knowledge and health care beliefs of nursing students. There were two hypotheses tested. Hypothesis one: nursing students presented with factual information about AIDS have more knowledge about AIDS than nursing students without AIDS instruction. Hypothesis two: strength of health care beliefs related to AIDS susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, barriers, and health motivation of students with AIDS instruction differ from those without AIDS instruction. The study was conducted using a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The sample included 29 second term nursing students enrolled in the nursing curriculum of an associate degree program. AIDS knowledge and health care beliefs were measured before and after factual information about AIDS was given to the experimental group. Hypothesis one was not supported. AIDS knowledge of the experimental group was not different from that of the control group (p > .05). On the posttest, the two groups were not significantly different on four health care beliefs; seriousness, benefits, barriers, and health