Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The X-ray spectral signatures from the complex circumnuclear regions in the Compton thick AGN NGC 424

Aims. Most of our knowledge of the circumnuclear matter in Seyfert galaxies is based on the X-ray spectra of the brightest Compton-thick Seyfert 2 galaxies. The complete obscuration of the nuclear radiation in these sources allows us to study all the components arising from reprocessing of the primary continuum in the circumnuclear matter in detail, while they are heavily diluted in unobscured sources, often down to invisibility. Methods. We present the XMM-Newton RGS and EPIC pn spectra of a long (� 100 ks) observation of one of the soft X-ray brightest Compton-thick Seyfert 2 galaxies, NGC 424. As a first step, we performed a phenomenological analysis of the data to derive the properties of all the spectral components. On the basis of these results, we fitted the spectra with self-consistent photoionisation models, produced with cloudy. Results. The high-energy part of the spectrum is dominated by a pure neutral Compton reflection component and a neutral iron Kα line, together with Kα emission from neutral Ni, suggesting a significant Ni/Fe overabundance. The soft X-ray RGS spectrum comes mostly from line emission from H-like and He-like C, N, O, and Ne, as well as from the Fe L-shell. The presence of narrow RRC from O viii ,O vii ,a nd Cvi, the last two with resolved widths corresponding to temperatures around 5–10 eV, is a strong indication of a gas in photoionisation equilibrium, as confirmed by the prevalence of the forbidden component in the O vii triplet. Two gas phases with different ionisation parameters are needed to reproduce the spectrum with a self-consistent photoionisation model, any contribution from a gas in collisional equilibrium being no more than 10% of the total flux in the 0.35–1.55 keV band. When this self-consistent model is applied to the 0.5–10 keV band of the EPIC pn spectrum, a third photoionised phase is needed to account for emission lines with higher ionisation potential, although Kα emission from S xv and Fe xxvi remains under-predicted.
Temporal Distribution of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities from Tropical Forest Stream in Gunung Pulai Recreational Forest , Johor , Peninsular Malaysia

Temporal changes of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) communities were investigated at the study area of Gunung Pulai Recreational Forest, Johor, Malaysia. Taxa diversity were also studied to determine the seasonality impact on certain benthic communities. Sampling of aquatic insects were carried out from November 2012 to July 2013 using rectangular dip net. As a result, more EPT were found during the dry season (1533 individuals) compared to wet season (321 individuals). Concomitantly, higher diversity was also recorded in the dry season. Among these three investigated orders, Trichoptera represented the most diverse community with three families recorded, followed by Plecoptera (2 families) and Ephemeroptera (1 family). Caddisfly family Hydropsychidae were found to be abundant in the study area. Therefore, seasonality impact on EPT assemblage at Gunung Pulai Recreational Forest is extremely evident.
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND CONTENT PRODUCTION OF DIASPORIC MEDIA IN THE U

MEDIA IN THE U.S by JUN XU (Under the Direction of C. Ann Hollifield) ABSTRACT This research utilized the organizational culture perspective to study the content production of the Hispanic-language and Chinese-language diasporic newspapers in the United States. A telephone survey was conducted to illicit cultural values, goals and performances related to their content production. The study found that diasporic media in general shared such goals as serving the non-English-speaking immigrant populations and standing up for the minority. The national/ethnic cultures of diasporic media’s home countries were helpful to the understanding of their difference in profit-orientation, perception of media’s watchdog role and a number of news selection criteria.
Pretreatment Variables for the Innovative Application of Urine Alarm Treatment for Young Children in Fourteen Outpatient Clinics in Israel

The influence of specific pretreatment variables (i.e., age, gender, birth order, number of children in the family, and family history of enuresis) on outpatient urine alarm treatment outcomes was examined. A total of 186 Israeli children between the ages of 4 to 7 participated in the study, and of those, 55 children were 4 years old. The entire sample was used to test the age-related pretreated variable, and all other pretreatment variables were solely analyzed using the sample of 4-year-old children at the time of treatment. The data were derived from two different sources: (a) treatment files from a clinical psychologist, and (b) a six question telephone survey. Statistical analysis revealed evidence that family history is a positive predictor of urine treatment outcomes in young children. For young children with a family history of bedwetting, 71.9% were dry posttreatment, while only 43.5% of young children without a family history of bedwetting were dry post-treatment. Other statistical analysis showed no evidence (p > .05) of pretreatment variables’ (i.e., age, gender, birth-order, and number of children in the family) influence on urine alarm treatment outcomes in young children. The findings indicate that, in young children, a family history of bedwetting is a positive predicator for urine alarm treatment outcomes. Pediatricians and other pediatric health practitioners are encouraged to treat young children with a family history of bedwetting with a urine alarm treatment approach.
Working Paper n ° : 2011-1503 Psychological Ownership in Small Family-Owned Businesses : Leadership Style and Nonfamily Employees ’ Work Attitudes and Behaviors

Using a sample of 229 nonfamily employees working in 52 small family-owned businesses, we examined the relationships between owner-managers’ leadership style and employees’ psychological ownership of the family business and their job. We also examined whether psychological ownership mediated the link between leadership style and employees’ organizational attitudes and behaviors. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis confirmed transformational and transactional leadership as contextual facilitators of psychological ownership of the family business and the job. Passive (laissez-faire) leadership was negatively related to employees’ ownership feelings for the family business. Psychological ownership of the organization and the job mediated the relationship between leadership style and organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. In addition, psychological ownership for the family business mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Analysis of peripheral vascular injuries: A social catastrophe Periferik damar yaralanmalari analizi: Sosyal bir katastrofi

Objective: In the current study, peripheral vascular injuries caused from weapons and the associated clinical outcomes were retrospectively investigated. Methods: Two hundred patients who received a surgical procedure for a vascular injury between January 2009 and December 2011 were included in the study. The patients were evaluated retrospectively; type of injury, localization, characteristics, and type of surgical application were classified. Results: Weapon-related penetrating injuries were classified as gunshot injuries (n=55, 28%), stab wounds (n = 143, 71%), and mine injuries (n= 2, 1%). There were 77 interposition applications (71 arterial and 6 venous) with saphene vein grafts, 16 arterial interposition applications with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts, and 11 venous liga tions. A total of 170 direct repairs (134 arterial and 36 venous) were performed. Postoperative amputation was required in none of the cases, advanced intensive care unit follow-up was required for four patients (2%; two cases were referred with hypovolemic shock and two case were referred with asystole), and a postoperative follow-up period for any mortality was not observed. Conclusion: Some regions contain higher levels of war injuries. Therefore, these regions require specialized intervention centres. A large amount of these injuries are vascular, and surgery and rapid interventions are essential for reducing mortality and morbidity rates. Successful results can be obtained in these cases through the collaboration of various medical disciplines.
Finite-dimensional differential algebraic groups and the Picard-Vessiot theory

We make some observations relating the theory of finite-dimensional differential algebraic groups (the ∂0-groups of [2]) to the Galois theory of linear differential equations. Given a differential field (K,∂), we exhibit a surjective functor from (absolutely) split (in the sense of Buium) ∂0-groups G over K to Picard-Vessiot extensions L of K, such that G is K-split iff L = K. In fact we give a generalization to “K-good” ∂0-groups. We also point out that the “Katz group” (a certain linear algebraic group over K) associated to the linear differential equation ∂Y = AY over K, when equipped with its natural connection ∂ − [A,−], is K-split just if it is commutative.
The Relation between Environmental Factors and Health Related Mobility Disability of Elderly Women with Osteoarthritis in Southern Egypt

Mobility disability in women with Osteoarthritis is due to the inactivity associated with the disease and to the effects of aging. The surrounding environment may play a key role in shaping patterns of independence and dependence among older women with mobility disability.This study was conducted to identify the prevalence of community mobility barriers and transportation facilitators and examine whether barriers and facilitators were associated with mobility disability among elderly women with Osteoarthritis.A cross-sectional analytic design was used in carrying the study whichconducting targeted women attending the orthopedic outpatient clinic at Qena, Luxor and Aswan General Hospital. Data collection started in October 2009until the end of January 2011 from a convenient sample of 600 elderly women aged 60 years and above, diagnosed with osteoarthritis for at least one year. Three tools were used: tool I is a structured interview sheet which was developed by the researcher including sociodemographic data. Tool II isthe Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument which composed of two domains of disability which were daily activity limitation and daily activity frequency. Tool III isa structured interview sheet to assess the environmental factors.The results showed a weak relationship between the age of the osteoarthritic women and the number of affected joints. There is a positive relationship betweenthe severity of disability and numbers of affected joints, the presence of uneven sidewalks and lack of near public transportation in cities more than rural.So it is recommended to modify the environment at the street level by providing safe and straight sidewalks and providing transportation suitable for osteoarthritic women with suitable seats for elderly.
Storm-wave trends in Mexican waters of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea

Abstract. Thirty-year time series of hindcast wave data were analysed for 10 coastal locations along the eastern Mexican coast to obtain information about storm events occurring in the region, with the goal of examining the possible presence of interannual trends in the number of storm-wave events and their main features (wave height, duration and energy content). The storms were defined according to their significant wave height and duration, and the events were classified as related to either tropical cyclones or Norte events. The occurrence and characteristics of both types of events were analysed independently. There is no statistically significant change in the number of storm-wave events related to Nortes or their characteristics during the study period. However, there is a subtle increase in the number of events related to tropical cyclones in the western Caribbean region and a more evident increase in wave height and energy content of these events.
Food habits of common barn-owls along an elevational gradient in Andean Argentine Patagonia

--We evaluated the diet of Common Barn-owls (Tyt0 alba) along an elevational gradient in Argentine Patagonia. Small mammals (mainly rodents) were the main prey accounting for 93.2% of total prey items. Consumption of rodents appeared to be dependent on their availability. Sizes of mammalian prey were variable but most ranged from 10-100 g in body mass. We concluded that the diet of these barn owls could be used as an index of cricetid rodent populations along the gradient. KEy WORDS: Common Barn-owl; Tyto alba; prey; Patagonia; selectivity; gradient. Diem de la lechuza (Tyt0 alba) a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal en la Patagonia Andina Argentina. REStJMEN. --Se studi6 la dieta de la lechuza (Tyto alba) y se la contrast6 con la composici0n especifica de la comunidad de micromamiferos a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal en la Patagonia Argentina. La principal presa la constituyeron pequefios mamlferos (fundamentalmente roedores) alcanzando un 93.2% del total de presas consumidas. La masa corporal media de los mamlferos presa se concentr6 fuertemente en un rango comprendido entre 10 y 100 g. La diem de la lechuza result6 ser un bufin indicador de la composici0n de Cricetidos a lo largo del gradiente estudiado. E1 consumo de cada uno de los roedores presa dependi6 de su disponibilidad en el terreno. [Traducci6n Autores] Few of the many studies of Common Barn-owl (Tyro alba) food habits have examined dietary responses to elevational distribution of prey species (Herrera 1974, Brunet-Lecomte and Delibes 1984). In northwestern Patagonia, a steep elevational gradient (600-3000 m) occurs over just a few km. The abrupt change in elevation and the associated change in precipitation (300-3600 mm) causes a distinct shift in the vegetation from shrubsteppe to montaneous forest habitat within a few km. Pearson and Pearson (1982) qualitatively described the small mammal species composition along this gradient. They found six species of rodents (Aconnaemys fuscus, Dromiciops australis, Notzomys macronyx, Notiomys valdivianus, Irenomys tarsalis and Akodon olivaceous) occurred in the humid forest, while another seven rodent species (Ctenomys haigi, Akodon xanthorrinus, Reithrodon auritus, Eligmodontia typus, Phyllotis darwini, Euneomys sp, and a marsupial, Lestodelphis hally) were in the dry shrubsteppe. They also analyzed the diets of Common Barn-owls at three different localities at the forest-steppe transition and found that the proportions of species captured by traps and by owls were different. Besides providing new information on the trophic niche of Common Barn-owls in Argentina, here we test the feasibility of using barn owl food habits to describe changes in composition and abundance of small mammals along an elevationalprecipitation gradient. We considered the data provided by Pearson and Pearson (1982) as the ac-
Las concesiones de indultos en España (2000-2008)

Este trabajo se enmarca en el estudio sobre “El indulto como instrumento de justicia material (regimen juridico-penal y penitenciario, alcance y perspectivas”, que ha sido objeto de dos proyectos de investigacion financiados, respectivamente, por la Universidad de Alicante (GRE08-P06) y la Conselleria d'Educacio de la Generalitat Valenciana (GV/2009/095).
Factors Affecting Household Broadband Adoption in Australia

Broadband networking technology has grown in prominence, driven by increasing interest from researchers, organisations, the popular media and the public alike. Using a data set of more than 20,000 households, this study examines residential broadband adoption and growth over time. The study uses classification tree analysis, which allows for simple interpretive descriptions of the relationship between explanatory variables and adoption propensity without the need for strong distributional assumptions, a priori variable transformation or interaction specification. The study finds that broadband adopters typically live in a metropolitan centre and were also cable TV subscribers. Online banking, research and share trading were also significant drivers for uptake.
Differences in otolith morphologies between surface- and cave-dwelling populations of Poecilia mexicana (Teleostei, Poeciliidae) reflect adaptations to life in an extreme habitat

Questions: Do otolith morphologies differ between surface- and cave-dwelling forms of Poecilia mexicana? Do otolith contours show differences between populations and do they display a morphological gradient from the cave outflow to the innermost cave chamber? Organism: Surface- and cave-dwelling forms of a freshwater fish, the Atlantic molly (Poecilia mexicana). Field sites: Two sites in the sulphidic cave system Cueva del Azufre in Tabasco, Southern Mexico, and two sites outside the cave – the cave outflow and a freshwater brook. Methods: We analysed otolith morphology using scanning electron microscopy and otolith contours by Fourier shape analysis (N = 67). Results: The otoliths of the cave form of P. mexicana are heavier and have a deeper sulcus (= furrow on the inner otolith face) than those of surface dwellers. Otolith contours show a morphological gradient that concurs with the morphocline of other traits (e.g. eye size).
Biochemical Indices in Ecology: A Catalyst in Environmental Study

Volume 5 • Issue 1 • 1000239 Biochem Anal Biochem, an open access journal ISSN: 2161-1009 *Corresponding author: Marwa Muhammad Abu-Serie, Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt, Tel: +2034593422; Fax: +2034593407; E-mail: marwaelhedaia@gmail.com
Impact of Farmers’ Cooperative on Agricultural Productivity in Ekiti State, Nigeria

The study examined the impact of farmer’s cooperative on Agricultural productivity in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select three local Government Areas from which two villages were selected. Ten cooperator farmers were selected randomly and ten non-cooperator farmers were purposively selected from each village to make one hundred and twenty respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive analytical tools, Ttest and correlation analysis to determine the impact of cooperative on farmers’ productivity. The findings revealed that 72.5% of the respondents were male and 46.7 years as the mean age of farmers. The study also revealed that 65% of the respondents were full time farmers and that farmers’ cooperative was their main source of agricultural information. The result of t-test and correlation analysis on the relationship between the socio-economic characteristic of farmers and productivity were significant at 1% and 5% levels of significance. Age (r = 0.190, p =0 .037), Nature of farming (X 2 = 4.779, p=0.051), Years of farming (r=184.738, p=0.012).
Estimating the Valuation of Advertising

Mass-medias are characterized by at least two interrelated markets. Therefore, the media firm has to satisfy two interdependent demands, the demand for magazines and the demand for advertising. The utility of the readers is affected by the information of the editorial and the advertising share. The advertising customers in contrast, are interested in the quality and quantity of the target group. The present paper analyzes both the marginal willingness to pay of readers for advertising and the marginal willingness to pay of advertising customers for sociodemographic attributes of the readers. Using the hedonic price approach the shadow prices are calculated using simple OLS and the Box-Cox regressions. Subsequently, because of the interrelationship of the demands, both markets are modelled simultaneously using 2SLS techniques. JEL-Classification: C21, D12, L82
Do the pecking-order's predictions follow from its premises? ⁄

We examine the efiect of asymmetric information on the evolution of corporate investment and flnancing using an empirically testable dynamic structural model. We do so by embedding a privately informed manager in a neoclassical investment framework with costly default. When private information is bad, the manager overinvests (relative to flrst-best), has negative leverage, and uses dividend cuts or equity ∞otations to flll any flnancing gaps. When private information is good, debt provides a positive signal. However, in many states the good type issues equity despite having access to default-free debt. In addition, the good type may overinvest. These predictions contradict the pecking-order folk wisdom. The efiects in our model are absent from static models which fail to account for the fact that asymmetric information raises the value of future cash in∞ows from investment and the shadow cost of cash out∞ows associated with debt service. Consistent with empirical observation, the simulated flrm exhibits meanreverting leverage and a negative leverage-lagged cash ∞ow relationship. When we mimic traditional reduced-form regressions, coe‐cient values are inconsistent with what is commonly imputed to peckingorder theory. In addition, \market-timing" proxies are insigniflcant despite the fact that managers want to exploit mispricing. These results call into question standard reduced-form regressions used to test the signiflcance of informational asymmetry for investment and flnancing behavior.
Shoot Heterogeneity Effects on Shiraz/Richter 99 Grapevines. II. Physiological Activity

In this study, the physiology of normally developed and underdeveloped shoots is compared in an attempt to quantify the effect of shoot heterogeneity in a Shiraz/Richter 99 vineyard, located in the Stellenbosch area of the Western Cape, South Africa. Comparisons are made between normally developed and underdeveloped shoots from shaded and well-exposed canopies. In the first five weeks after veraison, photosynthetic and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency (WUE) decreased as berry ripening progressed, while the internal CO2 levels of the leaves increased. Since differences in activity between individual leaves from normally developed and underdeveloped shoots only became apparent in the third week after veraison, it seemed as if the leaf area per shoot played a more important role than the photosynthetic output per unit leaf area in determining photosynthetate supply to the rest of the vine up to this stage. From the third week after veraison, higher levels of photosynthetates were produced by normally developed shoots than by underdeveloped shoots, due to the larger effective leaf area per shoot as well as the higher photosynthetic activity per unit leaf area. This points to premature senescence of the leaves on underdeveloped shoots. The quantity and quality of the yield from normally developed shoots are expected to benefit from the higher physiological output of the leaves. The enhancing effect on leaf functioning induced by canopy exposure became apparent from the third week after veraison.
Domestic Violence in Australia: Are Women and Men Equally Violent?

The usual belief is that domestic violence is overwhelmingly perpetrated by men against women. Results from the IsssA 1996/97, in which partnered men and women were questioned about committing or suffering physical domestic violence in the last 12 months, show that women and men were equally likely to suffer injuries of about the same severity. There was some evidence of intergenerational transmission of violent behaviour both from father to son and mother to daughter. However, most respondents who admitted violence did not claim to have had violent parents.