Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Shelf Life of a Health Bar Contained in Different Bio-Based Packaging Materials

ii DEDICATION iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 Shelf Life 2 Shelf Life Testing 3 Shelf Life Test Methods 5 Factors Affecting Shelf Life of Foods 7 Shelf Stable Foods 15 Intermediate Moisture Foods 15 Food Packaging 16 Sustainable Food Packaging 19 Product Analyses 26 Film Analyses 36 MATERIALS AND METHODS 41 Product and Sample Preparation 41 Materials 41 Water Activity and Moisture Content Analyses 43 Texture Analysis 44 Microbial Analyses 44 Sensory Analysis 45 Thickness Analysis of Packaging Materials 47 Transmission Rate Analyses 47 Mechanical Analyses 48 Statistical Analyses 49
Screening of aflatoxin B1 and mycobiota related to raw materials and finished feed destined for fish

The aim of the present study was to determine fungal genera, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium species and aflatoxin B1 contamination from raw materials and finished feed intended for fish farm localized in Piaui, Brazil. Aspergillus flavus and P. citrinum were isolated with a high relative density from all samples. In general, a high percent of samples exceeded the levels proposed as feed hygienic quality limits (CFU g -1 ) according to Good Manufacture Practice. Aflatoxin B1 was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All raw materials and finished feed showed aflatoxin B1 levels. Although in this study AFB1 levels below recommended limits (20 µg kg -1 ) were found, it is important to emphasize the feed intake with toxin in low concentrations along time, since it produce chronic deleterious effects in animal production. This fact requires periodic monitoring to prevent the occurrence of chronic aflatoxicosis in aquaculture, to reduce the economic losses and to minimize hazards to animal health.
Sensitivity of Selected Colorado Soils to Form Ettringite/Thaumasite When Treated with Calcium-Based Stabilizers and When Soluble Sulfates Are Available

The sensitivity of five Colorado soils, which were selected to represent the variety of soils likely to be treated with calcium-based chemical stabilizers such as hydrated lime or Portland cement, to the formation of potentially expansive minerals is evaluated using thermodynamic principles based on Gibb? s free energy and direct measurements. Phase diagrams are used to predict the threshold levels of soluble sulfates that favor the formation of the expansive mineral ettringite, which is most widely blamed for deleterious expansion in sulfate bearing soils treated with calcium-based stabilizers. The results of the thermodynamic, phase diagram evaluation are checked against direct measurement of ettringite using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the results agree well. The conclusions derived from this research are that, as expected, mineralogical differences among the soils affect the threshold level of soluble sulfates that trigger the development of ettringite and that the presence of soluble silica and the form of alumina present have a dominant effect. The research validates previous research that a safe lower limit of soluble sulfates is approximately 3,000 ppm as long as additional soluble sulfates do not migrate into the soil. A methodology is presented for using the DSC to directly assess the threshold level of sulfates for a particular soil. However, refinement of the method is a key goal of on-going research. The DSC method to assess the potential of a specific soil to react deleteriously with a calcium based stabilizer when sulfate content in the soil is above a threshold level should be implemented by the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT). This will require the purchase of a Q-2000, TA Instruments or equivalent DSC by the CDOT Materials and Geotechnical Branch.
ystematic implication of seed micromorphology in Arenaria Caryophyllaceae ) and allied genera

Variations in seed micromorphology of 64 taxa of Arenaria and allied genera were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to evaluate their diagnostic value for systematic studies in the genus and providing additional evidence on delimitation of natural groups. Significant diversity was found in seed coat morphology both among and within genera. Size, color, and shape of seeds appear to be of low importance at species level but provide useful evidence at generic rank. Cerastium and Stellaria are well distinguished from Arenaria by serrate seed margins and solid columellae on testa cells. The sculpturing pattern renders most characters potentially applicable in taxonomy and phylogeny assessment in Arenaria. The studied taxa show four basic types of sculpturing, viz. colliculate, rugose, papillate, and smooth. The colliculate type which is characteristic for the core group of Arenaria (A. subg. Arenaria) can be further divided into five subtypes. The smooth seed surface with indistinct cell boundaries represents a synapomorphy for A. subg. Leiosperma, whereas the winged seeds along with rugose surface axonomy hylogeny characterize subg. Odontostemma. Otherwise seed micromorphology rarely provides adequate evidence for separation of natural groups, especially at sectional rank. We hypothesize that the seeds are highly polymorphic in certain groups of taxa showing recent adaptive radiation, such as the annual species of Arenaria, and do not provide strong support for natural groups within the genus. © 2014 Elsevier GmbH © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
High‐resolution animated tectonic reconstruction of the South Pacific and West Antarctic Margin

An animated reconstruction shows South Pacific plate kinematics between 90 and 45 Ma, using the satellite‐derived gravity anomaly field, interpolated isochrons and plate rotation parameters from both published and new work on marine geophysical data. The Great South Basin and Bounty Trough, New Zealand, are shown as the earliest Pacific–Antarctic plate boundary that opened before 83 Ma. The earliest true Pacific–Antarctic seafloor formed within the eastern parts of this boundary, but later and farther west, seafloor formed within its Antarctic flank. After 80 Ma, the Bellingshausen plate converged with an oceanic part of the Antarctic plate to its east, while its motion simultaneously caused rifting in continental Antarctica to the south. The Pacific–Bellingshausen spreading center developed a set of long offset transform faults that the Pacific–Antarctic plate boundary inherited around chron C27 when the Bellingshausen plate ceased to move independently as part of a Pacific‐wide plate tectonic reorganization event. Southwest of these transforms the Pacific–Antarctic Ridge saw an increase in transform‐fault segmentation by ∼58 Ma. One of the long offset Pacific–Bellingshausen transforms, referred to as “V,” was modified during the C27 reorganization event when a Pacific–Antarctic–Phoenix triple junction initiated on its southern edge. Eastern parts of “V” started to operate in the Pacific–Phoenix spreading system, lengthening it even more, while its western parts operated in the Pacific–Antarctic system. This complicated feature was by‐passed and deactivated by ridge axis propagation to its northwest at ∼47 Ma. We interpret our animation to highlight possible connections between these events.
Effects of mechanical and chemical control on Microstegium vimineum and its associates in central West Virginia

Various studies have identified methods for effectively controlling Japanese stilt grass [Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus]. However, the effect of M. vimineum control treatments on native flora has not been documented. This is of particular interest because an effective M. vimineum control method that minimizes impact on native vegetation should be considered the most desirable technique. This study investigates the effects of various control treatments on M. vimineum, and the associated native understory community, on an upland and bottomland hardwood site in central WV (38° 46’ 08”N, 81° 03’ 52”W). Control treatments examined in the study included: a low-volume glyphosate application (6 ounces per acre); both a single (early June) application and a double application (early June and August) of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (13 ounces per acre); and mechanical control (weed whip). In the first growing season following the treatments, single applications of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl provided greater than 95 percent control of M. vimineum at both sites. Mechanical control also proved to be very effective. In addition to showing an increase in species diversity, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl treated plots also exhibited post-treatment species richness values that were significantly higher than all other treatments (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that this selective herbicide has the potential to be used to restore native plant communities in M. vimineum infested areas of mixed hardwood forests.
Foraging behaviour of two rodent species inhabiting a kopje (rocky outcrop) in Tsavo West National Park, Kenya

ABSTRACT We employed patch use theory to evaluate how several environmental factors influence the foraging behaviour of two rodent species: Grammomys dolichurus and Acomys cahirinus. Foraging efficiency was determined by measuring the remaining food in artificial food patches (giving-up densities: GUDs) from two experiments. In the first experiment, we placed patches in different microhabitat types (cover vs open) and at varying distances from cover. This experiment was conducted during three moon stages (waxing, full, waning). We found that the rodents had higher GUDs (lower foraging efficiency) in the open microhabitat. The distance from nearest shelter had a marginally significant positive effect on GUDs. GUDs were higher in both microhabitat types during the waxing and full phases, but decreased sharply once the moon began to rise after sunset. These results are likely due to higher predation risk away from cover and in more illuminated environments. In the second experiment, we examined mouse responses to seeds impregnated with plant toxins. Seeds impregnated with oxalic acid were avoided by the rodents, while seeds soaked in tannic acid did not differ significantly from control seeds. Our results highlight important ecological factors affecting the foraging behaviour of these rodents.
Chapter 2 Is Visual Processing in Primates Strictly Hierarchical ?

Over the past four decades, the dominant view of visual processing in primates is that the complexity of feature analysis increases as information flows from primary visual cortex rostrally through regions of the temporal lobe, into area TE, where whole complex objects are represented. This view is consistent with observations that TE neurons are selective for complex objects such as hands and faces. We test a major prediction: bilateral removal of area TE will damage high-level visual object categorization, such as distinguishing cats from dogs. After removal of TE, this type of categorical classification is only mildly impaired in old-world monkeys. However, when the images are degraded by a small amount of visual noise, the monkeys are virtually unable to correctly classify morphs of cats versus dogs. This raises the possibility that area TE makes it possible to identify partially obscured objects, that is, it is critical for pattern completion.
The mediating effect of relationship learning on the relationship between supplier development strategy and raising competence

Drawing on learning theory, this study examines the mediating role of relationship learning on the relationship between the buyer firms’ supplier development strategy and the suppliers’ improved competence from the suppliers’ perspective. A survey was conducted by collecting data from 148 exporting manufacturers in Taiwan. Three structural equation models examined the interrelationships among supplier competence, relationship learning, and various supplier development strategies, namely supplier assessment, direct involvement, and competitive pressure. The results show that supplier assessment and direct involvement significantly enhance the relationship learning, while competitive pressure negatively impacts it but not significantly. Furthermore, the mediating effects of relationship learning have been validated, while supplier assessment and direct involvement are shown to be effective supplier development strategies.
Metal-organic framework based chromium terephthalate (MIL-101 Cr) growth for carbon dioxide capture: A review

Article history: Received 20 September 2018 Received in revised form 23 November 2018 Accepted 21 December 2018 Available online 17 May 2019 Lowering CO2 emissions and the concentration of greenhouse gasses become major concern to overcome the global warming issue. One method to reduce CO2 emissions is to implement the carbon capture and storage (CCS). In addition to developing the CCS technology, the investigations on materials that have high gas separation performance and low costs are also widely executed. A new type of crystalline porous material, metal-organic framework (MOF), which consists of metal ions and organic ligands in recent years as a promising type of adsorbent has emerged. MIL-101 Cr which is comprised of trimeric chromium (III) octahedral connected to 1,4benzenedicarboxylates, one type of MOF, has attracted a lot of attention among researchers to develop the performance of CO2 adsorption, since this chromium terephthalate has a large pore size (29 and 34 Å) and specific surface area attaining to more than 3,000 m2/g. Thermal stability and moisture resistance of this adsorbent make this material easily modified in post-synthesis, organic functionalization, cation doping, and composite type of MOF. In this study, we review the research and development of the synthesis, functionalization, and modification for the application of CO2 adsorption in MIL-101 Cr.
Risk factors for major leg amputation in patients treated endovascularly due to critical limb ischaemia

Introduction. Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) is an advanced phase of chronic lower extremity ischaemia linked to increased mortality, decreased quality of life, and the risk of leg amputation. The aim of this study was to determine factors affecting the risk of leg amputation among patients with CLI treated endovascularly as a first approach. Material and methods. Of 118 patients treated endovascularly, 32 (27%) had a leg amputated. Their clinical data were analysed retrospectively. Results. Patients who had a leg amputated initially had a higher Rutherford class, were older, and had a greater prevalence of comorbidities. In multivariate analysis, amputation-free survival was shortened by a history of dyslipidaemia, female gender, blood creatinine concentration, the need for target lesion revascularization, smoking habit, Rutherford class, and leukocyte blood count. Whereas, the factors which decreased the risk of leg amputation were: use of statins, the number of previous interventions, and blood LDL cholesterol concentration. Angiographic classification of lesion severity did not affect endovascular procedure outcome. Conclusions. The risk of major amputation following endovascular treatment in patients with CLI was associated with a number of characteristics, mainly: atherosclerosis risk factors and necrosis advancement, and the number of reinterventions. To avoid endangering patients and the unnecessary utilization of resources, it would seem to be worth performing large studies to determine a risk stratification scoring system for patients with CLI, which could enable the qualification of risk-adjusted patients for endovascular or surgical revascularization or for primary leg amputation.
Challenges Associated with CO2 Sequestration and Hydrocarbon Recovery

In the nearand midterm future, carbon capture and storage (CCS), also called CO2 geosequestration, is likely to play a significant role in the reduction of atmospheric greenhouse gas. By expanding the set of possible sequestration targets, it is expected that CCS will enable larger quantities of CO2 to be sequestered, mitigating human activity-driven climate change. In general, oil and gas reservoirs are ideal geologic storage sites for CO2 because they have successfully held hydrocarbon molecules for millions of years. In addition to the significant and reliable storage capacity of hydrocarbon reservoirs, there is a considerable body of knowledge related to the behavior of hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs, and significant amounts of data are often acquired during their exploitation, factors which improve the economics and safety of any CCS project. By making use of existing and future oil and gas projects, CCS can become a major contributor in the fight against global warming, as well as a sizeable contributor to energy production worldwide. The CCS sequestration targets discussed in this study are sandstones, coal beds, shales, and carbonates. The potential and challenges associated with each of them are discussed in detail, and suggested topics for future research work are provided.
Predictors of Loneliness in a Sample of College Men and Women in Cyprus: The Role of Anxiety and Social Skills

Aim: This investigation examined the association between social anxiety and loneliness, and the role of associated characteristics specifically self-esteem, social skills and anxiety sensitivity, among young adults in Cyprus, and potential gender differences in the prediction of perceived loneliness. Method: Questionnaires on loneliness, social skills, anxiety sensitivity and self-esteem were administered to a college sample in Cyprus. Results: Mediated regression supported full mediation by social skills and self-esteem, but not by anxiety sensitivity in the association between social anxiety and loneliness. For men, loneliness was mostly predicted by anxiety sensitivity, but among women by poor social skills and lower self-esteem. For neither gender were these effects moderated by social anxiety level. Conclusion: Social anxiety and loneliness are related but distinct constructs. Interventions focusing on social skill acquisition and practice, and anxiety tolerance for men may improve confidence and ultimately result in decreased loneliness among youth.
An experimental validation case for fluid-structure-interaction simulations of downwind sails

In this paper the results of wind tunnel tests on two different asymmetric spinnakers are presented. During these tests forces and flying shapes at different apparent wind angles and trims were recorded by 6DoF balance and photogrammetry. As these tests are intended as a validation benchmark for FSI-simulations on downwind sails, the sail moulds, incident flow data as well as measured forces and flying shapes will be made publically available.
Strain effect and channel length dependence of bias temperature instability on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors with high-k/SiO2 gate stacks

The strain effect and channel length dependence of bias temperature instability on dual metal gate complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field enhanced transistors with HfSiON dielectric were studied in detail. For channel length larger than 0.1 μm, both positive and negative bias temperature instabilities (PBTI and NBTI) were not affected by the tensile strain obviously. As the channel scaling down to less than 0.1 μm, the degradation after PBTI stress was still not influenced by the strain, however, the NBTI degradation was enhanced significantly. In addition, the dependence of BTI on channel length was extensively investigated under constant voltage and field stress.
THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY IN DETERMINING ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATIONS OF MALAY SMALL SCALE ENTREPRENEURS IN MALAYSIA

The purpose of the study is to understand the role of self-efficacy in influencing entrepreneurial orientations of small scale Malay entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial orientations are consistently found to influence performance quite positively. Therefore, the understanding of how strong self-efficacy influences entrepreneurial orientations would also help in identifying ways to improve the performance of small scale businesses. There was a lack of research to see what drives business owners to choose among the entrepreneurial orientations, while there were so many researches conducted to see the impact of entrepreneurial orientations on performance. Thus, finding what influences entrepreneurial orientations would be a significant contribution to the field of entrepreneurship. The samples comprised of 162 small scale Malay SMEs in the manufacturing industry in all the states of Malaysia. The Rasch Measurement Model was used for the purpose of construct reliability and validity. In order to identify the influence of selfefficacy on entrepreneurial orientations and its two dimensions (proactivity and innovativeness), a simple linear regression and independent-t test were undertaken by using the SPSS as a tool. The findings indicated that self-efficacy was significantly related to entrepreneurial orientation and self-efficacy of the Malay entrepreneurs has affected innovativeness more strongly than the proactive dimension of entrepreneurial orientations. The independent-t test also was able to identify that Malay entrepreneurs with high self-efficacy level were more entrepreneurial than Malay entrepreneurs IJMS 21 (1), 61–82 (2014) 62 with low self-efficacy. The findings give important implications to management consultants whose clients are SMEs to design training modules that specifically focus on developing self-efficacy among average performing SMEs because self-efficacy was found to improve the entrepreneurial orientations of entrepreneurs.
Investor Perception of Tax Avoidance and Quality of Earnings Information

This study aims to determine investor perceptions of tax avoidance and investor perceptions of the quality of earnings information in companies that avoid taxes. The study was conducted on non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2012-2015 with a final sample of 634 observational data, after deducting companies that suffered losses, not indicated to avoid tax evasion and deviant data. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics and inferential test. The hypothesis in this study was tested by multiple linear regression. The result of the regression analysis proves that tax avoidance has a positive effect on the investor's response so that it can increase the value of the company. Test results also prove that tax avoidance reduces the quality of earnings information based on investor perspective. The difference in the sign of the regression coefficient proves that tax avoidance will be responded positively by the investor if tax evasion does not decrease the quality of earnings information. Keywords: tax avoidance, earnings response coefficient, earning quality, cummulative abnormal return
The Interaction of Mortgage Credit and Housing Prices in the US

This paper looks at the relation between mortgage credit and housing values. It has become conventional wisdom in policy circles that credit growth led to the housing bubble in the US. However, this statement has not been empirically tested as of yet. The paper uses the Johansen procedure to estimate a long run relationship between mortgage credit and housing prices between 1984 and 2012 and analyzes the interactions between the variables. To this effect, two models with two different housing price variables are estimated. It is found that mortgage credit is weakly exogenous. Impulse-response functions, variance decompositions and out of sample forecast also show that mortgage credit drives housing prices and not vice versa. The paper also looks at the effect of short-term and long-term interest rates and does not find important influences of both on housing prices or mortgage credit. The role of monetary policy is not likely to have been very strong in the built-up of the housing bubble.