Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Planck intermediate results : XLVI . Reduction of large-scale systematic effects in HFI polarization maps and estimation of the reionization optical depth Permalink

This paper describes the identification, modelling, and removal of previously unexplained systematic effects in the polarization data of the Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) on large angular scales, including new mapmaking and calibration procedures, new and more complete endto-end simulations, and a set of robust internal consistency checks on the resulting maps. These maps, at 100, 143, 217, and 353 GHz, are early versions of those that will be released in final form later in 2016. The improvements allow us to determine the cosmic reionization optical depth τ using, for the first time, the low-multipole EE data from HFI, reducing significantly the central value and uncertainty, and hence the upper limit. Two different likelihood procedures are used to constrain τ from two estimators of the CMB Eand B-mode angular power spectra at 100 and 143 GHz, after debiasing the spectra from a small remaining systematic contamination. These all give fully consistent results. A further consistency test is performed using cross-correlations derived from the Low Frequency Instrument maps of the Planck 2015 data release and the new HFI data. For this purpose, end-to-end analyses of systematic effects from the two instruments are used to demonstrate the near independence of their dominant systematic error residuals. The tightest result comes from the HFI-based τ posterior distribution using the maximum likelihood power spectrum estimator from EE data only, giving a value 0.055 ± 0.009. In a companion paper these results are discussed in the context of the best-fit Planck ΛCDM cosmological model and recent models of reionization.
TRF1 prevents permissive DNA damage response, recombination and Break Induced Replication at telomeres

Telomeres are a significant challenge to DNA replication and are prone to replication stress and telomere fragility. The shelterin component TRF1 facilitates telomere replication but the molecular mechanism remains uncertain. By interrogating the proteomic composition of telomeres, we show that telomeres lacking TRF1 undergo protein composition reorganisation associated with a DNA damage response and chromatin remodelers. Surprisingly, TRF1 suppresses the accumulation of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, BRCA1 and the SMC5/6 complex at telomeres, which is associated with increased Homologous Recombination (HR) and TERRA transcription. We uncovered a previously unappreciated role for TRF1 in the suppression of telomere recombination, dependent on SMC5 and also POLD3 dependent Break Induced Replication at telomeres. We propose that TRF1 facilitates S-phase telomeric DNA synthesis to prevent illegitimate mitotic DNA recombination and chromatin rearrangement.
Low Pay and Household Poverty

Low pay is conventionally measured in terms of the gross earnings of the individual, related to benchmarks derived from the distribution of earnings such as half or two-thirds of the median. Poverty status, on the other hand, is usually assessed on the basis of the disposable income of the household, adjusted for size and composition. The relationship between the two - low pay and poverty - is by no means straightforward, but improving our understanding of it is critical to policy formulation. In this paper we draw on two data sources to investigate what that relationship looks like empirically in industrialized countries: the Luxembourg Income Study database and the European Community Household Panel. The extent of overlap between low pay and poverty is found to be often rather more limited at an aggregate level than might generally be expected, but there is also some variation across countries. These results are based on snapshots from cross-section data, and the importance of a dynamic perspective in this context is emphasized. In conclusion, some of the policy implications are explored.
REAPPEARANCE OF McNEIL'S NEBULA (V1647 ORIONIS) AND ITS OUTBURST ENVIRONMENT

We present a detailed study of McNeil's nebula (V1647 Ori) in its ongoing outburst phase starting from 2008 September to 2013 March. Our 124 nights of photometric observations were carried out in optical V, R, I, and near-infrared J, H, K bands, and 59 nights of medium-resolution spectroscopic observations were done in the 5200–9000 Å wavelength range. All observations were carried out with the 2 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope and 2 m IUCAA Girawali Telescope. Our observations show that over the past four and a half years, V1647 Ori and region C near the Herbig–Haro object HH 22A have been undergoing a slow dimming at a rate of ∼0.04 mag yr−1 and ∼0.05 mag yr−1, respectively, in R band, which is six times slower than the rate during a similar stage of V1647 Ori in the 2003 outburst. We detected change in flux distribution over the reflection nebula, implying changes in circumstellar matter distribution between the 2003 and 2008 outbursts. Apart from steady wind of velocity ∼350 km s−1, we detected two episodic magnetic reconnection driven winds. Forbidden [O i] λ6300 and [Fe ii] λ7155 lines were also detected, implying shock regions probably from jets. We tried to explain the outburst timescales of V1647 Ori using the standard models of the FUors kind of outburst and found that pure thermal instability models like Bell and Lin cannot explain the variations in timescales. In the framework of various instability models we conclude that one possible reason for the sudden ending of the 2003 outburst in 2005 November was a low-density region or gap in the inner region (∼1 AU) of the disk.
Detection and quantification of Oxalobacter formiginase in soybean crop residue fed cattle

Oxalate rich plants may become important forage resources for ruminants when other feedstuffs are in short supply. Oxalobacter formigenes is considered as the main oxalate-degrading bacteria in ruminants. The identification and quantification of these bacteria is essential in animals fed with oxalate rich plants. The faecal samples from the animals fed on soybean crop residue and healthy control animals which were not fed on soybean crop residue were collected in a sterile bottle and subjected for their molecular analysis for identification and relative quantification of Oxalobacter formigenes. The genomic DNA was extracted from capsule containing Oxalobacter formigenes 700 million by using PowerFecal DNA isolation kit (MoBio Laboratories, Inc.) for standardization of PCR. The DNAs’ from collected faecal samples of animals fed on SCR were extracted as per the experimental protocol supplied by MoBio Laboratories with slight modifications as per the necessity. Out of 26 faecal samples of SCR fed animals, 15 (57.69%) were positive and 11 (42.31%) were negative for Oxalobacter formigenes while out of 12 control samples (SCR not fed) 3 samples (25.00%) were positive and 9 (75.00%) were negative for Oxalobacter formigenes. Overall 18 faecal samples (47.37%) were expressed positivity for Oxalobacter formigenes. The results for expression of frequency of Oxalobacter formigenes revealed higher frequency of oxc gene in the faecal samples of animals fed with SCR than that of healthy control animals. Relative quantification of O. formigenes revealed high Ct value (28.45 and 29.52)in oxalate toxicityand SCR not fed animals (ranged from 29.16 to 33.28) than SCR fed (ranged from 20.85 to 27.10) and positive control (18.78) indicated more quantity of O. formigenes in the faecal samples of animals fed with SCR than SCR not fed and animals with oxalate toxicity.
Viscous damping of r-modes: Small amplitude instability

We study the viscous damping of r-modes of compact stars and analyze in detail the regions where small amplitude modes are unstable to the emission of gravitational radiation. We present general expressions for the viscous damping times for arbitrary forms of interacting dense matter and derive general semi-analytic results for the boundary of the instability region. These results show that many aspects, like in particular the physically important minima of the instability boundary, are surprisingly insensitive to detailed microscopic properties of the considered form of matter. Our general expressions are applied to the cases of hadronic stars, strange stars, and hybrid stars, and we focus on equations of state that are compatible with the recent measurement of a heavy compact star. We find that hybrid stars with a sufficiently small core can "masquerade" as neutron stars and feature an instability region that is indistinguishable from that of a neutron star, whereas neutron stars with a core density high enough to allow direct Urca reactions feature a notch on the right side of the instability region.
Aalborg Universitet No difference in postoperative outcome after acute surgery whether the patients presented for first time or are known with Crohn ' s disease

Purposes: Acute operations (within 48 h) or urgent (within 2e7 days) carry the risk of unfavorable outcome as the patient is not optimized, the operation is performed by trainees and the disease is severe necessitating acute/urgent intervention. However, Crohn's disease (CD) patients who present as acute disease may have more favorable outcome because they did not receive medications, surgery is performed early and the disease is promptly controlled. Aim: To investigate whether CD patients presented first time have more favorable outcome compared to those who are known with CD. Method: Retrospective multi-center study. Rate of complications, duration of hospitalization and rate of re-admission were used as a measure of postoperative outcome. Univariate and multi-variate analyses were used. Results: Sixty-one patients in whom acute CD was first presentation (group 1) did not have more favorable outcome compared to 167 patients known to have CD (group 2) and presented acute. Mean duration of hospitalization was 8.7 days in group 1 compared to 9.4 days in group 2. Complications occurred in 12/61 patients (19.7%) in group 1 compared to 39/167 patients (23.4%) in group 2: odds ratio 1 . 113, CI [0.611e2. 024]. No difference in intra-abdominal septic complications rate was found between the two groups: odds ratio 0.932, CI [0.369e2. 355]. Re-admission was seen in six patients (9.8%) in group 1 vs. 23 (13.8%) in Group 2: odds ratio 1.464, CI [0.566e3. 788]. Conclusion: Patients undergoing acute surgery for the first CD presentation did not have more favorable outcome compared to those undergoing acute intestinal resection for known CD. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Surgical Associates Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1. What this paper adds to the literature This paper investigate a question frequently asked about the postoperative complications in patients with Crohn's disease. Although, it shows no difference in postoperative outcome, it adds to our understanding of factors influencing the postoperative complications.
Effect of GA3 on Vegetative Growth and Sprouting in Gladiolus

Floriculture is an age old farming activity in India having immense potential for generating gainful self-employment among small and marginal farmers. In the recent years it has emerged as a profitable agri-business in India and worldwide as improved standards of living and growing consciousness among the citizens across the globe to live in environment friendly atmosphere has led to an increase in the demand of floriculture products in the developed as well as in the developing countries worldwide. The production and trade of floriculture has increased consistently over the last 10 years. In India, Floriculture industry comprises International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 07 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Effect of some Chemical Inducers on Antagonistic Potential of Trichoderma harzianum against Rhizoctonia solani and it's Metabolites Production

The present study was conducted on different supplemented gliotoxin growth medium by using some chemical inducers (micronutrients mixture, potassium tartrate and thiamine) to improve antagonism, crude extracts and volatile compounds activities of T. harzianum against R. solani. T. harzianum grown on medium supplemented with potassium tartrate decreased the mycelial growth of R. solani by 89% compared with T. harzianum alone (63.3%). Also, exhibited the significantly higher activity of the crude extract and the volatile compounds. The micronutrients followed by the thiamine addition recorded the highest activity of the secondary metabolite. Treated Trichoderma enhanced bioactivity against the pathogen when transferred on PDA medium without addition of the tested materials. Light microscope observation revealed that malformed and damaged pathogen hyphae occurred more clearly after contact with the treat ed T. harzianum. The GC-MS analysis showed detection of antifungal compounds as 2,3-butanediol, Decane, 2,4,6-trimethyl-, phenylethyl alcohol, acetic acid, 1 H-Benzocyclohepten-7-ol,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,1,4a,7-tetramethyl-,cisin the crude extract of Trichoderma grown on medium supplemented with different tested compounds. Soaking faba bean seeds Giza 429 in treated Trichoderma suspension before sowing in infested soil increased survival faba bean seedlings compared with the untreated Trichoderma. As a result, the tested chemicals improved the antagonistic activity of T. harzianum and can be used as biological fungicides.
Interference of
 Eupatorium adenophorum
 (Spr.) and its allelopathic effect on growth and yield attributes of traditional food crops in Indian Himalayan Region

Funding information Science and Engineering Research Board, DST, New Delhi Abstract The objective of this study was to understanding the allelopathic dynamic of invasive species Eupatorium adenophorum residues against traditional crops viz., Amaranthus caudatus and Vigna unguiculata in laboratory and green house. In laboratory, the effect of different concentrations of the aqueous extract and leaf leachate of decomposed residues (DR) and un-decomposed residues (UDR) of the selected weed was examined on shoot and root length of the selected crops. In pot study, different concentrations of dose and leachate of DR and UDR of selected weed was evaluated against growth and yield performance of the studied crops. Shoot and root length of both crops was significantly reduced by the aqueous extract of both kinds of residues. Aqueous extract at 8% of UDR residues was noticed to be harmful to V. unguiculata and reduced 66.23% and 75.28% shoot and root length, respectively. Similarly, soil amended with DR and UDR of the weed had a significant effect on growth and yield attributes of the studied crops and reduced 64.90% growth and 86.30% branch/plant of V. unguiculata at 8% concentration compared to control soil. A significant amount of water-soluble phytotoxins was found in the UDR and DR of E. adenophorum. Leaf leachate of the selected weed was more harmful as compared to aqueous extract and soil amended residues. The UDR was found to be more phytotoxic than DR. These results suggest that the phytotoxic potential of E. adenophorum to plant community could be minimized if the whole plant of invasive weed is decomposed.
Optimal operating points in alkaline pulping

The problem of optimizing the alka- line impregnation of wood chips is posed and solved under usual restrictions. The cost to be optimized balances opposite criteria by taking economics and product quality into account, and is conditioned by the system dynamics. Evolution is modeled from typical transport phenomena equations. Optimiza- tion is attacked in the lines of variational calculus, although the final treatment involves numerical methods. Cost function design is provided for: alkali con- sumption, thermal energy consumption, product quality, and total production; each one affected by a preference-weighting coefficient. A new parameter, the "Deacetylation Index", is introduced as an ob- servable quantity for tracking the end of the diges- tion stage in pulping processes. This index turns out to be significant even at low temperatures. Cost terms depend essentially on three design variables: (i) alkaline bulk concentration, (ii) digester tempera- ture, and (iii) total duration of the process. An algo- rithm to ascertain the optimal values of these vari- ables is devised. Numerical results provide insight in deciding changes on design variables in case they are allowed within a certain extent to be manipulated.
Species-specific song convergence in a moving hybrid zone between two passerines

Moving hybrid zones are receiving increasing attention. However, so far little is known about the proximate mechanisms underlying these movements. Signalling behaviour, by individuals engaged in interspecific sexual and aggressive interactions, may play a crucial role. In this study, we investigated song variation within a moving hybrid zone between two warblers, Hippolais polyglotta and H. icterina. In these species, song is involved in interspecific territoriality and, probably, in mixed pairings. We showed that allopatric populations of the two species are clearly acoustically differentiated. However, interspecific differences faded out in sympatry as a result of an overall pattern of convergence. Unexpectedly, the two species converged for different song parameters, namely temporal parameters for H. icterina and syntax for H. polyglotta. Hybridization and interspecific competition could explain convergence in H. icterina. Instead, in H. polyglotta we suggest that local adaptation to habitat and interspecific learning might contribute to convergence. We particularly stress that cross-species learning, by maintaining high levels of interspecific interactions, may influence the movement of the zone. (C) 2003 The Linnean Society of London. (Less)
Learning for now or later? Career competencies among students in higher vocational education in the Netherlands

This article focuses on the question: which aspects of a learning environment, aimed at fostering career learning, correspond with the development of career competencies among university students in the Netherlands? A questionnaire-based study was carried out among 4820 students and 371 career counsellors in 11 universities. Four career competencies were identified: career reflection (reflective behaviour), work exploration (exploring behaviour), career action (proactive behaviour) and networking (interactive behaviour). The results show that the existence of these competencies among students in higher vocational education correlates with a learning environment that is characterized by a practice-based and inquiry-based curriculum, which offers students the opportunity to engage in a career dialogue. The existence of a career dialogue, in which students can discuss the personal and societal relevance of the real-life problems they encounter, and the experiences they have, proves to be essential. Without a dialogue the learning potential of a practice- and inquiry-based curriculum is limited.
Comparison of Shear Modulus Test Methods

There is a need to better understand the shear modulus values associated with solid-sawn lumber and structural composite lumber (SCL) materials. Current test standards assume that shear modulus values from ASTM D 198 torsion and ASTM D 198 three-point bending are equivalent. This research measured the elastic and shear modulus from ASTM D 198 torsion, ASTM D 198 threepoint bending, and the five-point bending test (FPBT) from machine-stress rated (MSR) lumber and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) samples for comparison. The average shear moduli results showed significant differences between the three test methods, while the average modulus of elasticity values from the ASTM D 198 three-point bending and FPBT were not significantly different. The variation of the shear modulus term seems to increase as the percentage of shear deflection in the measurements decreases.
Hermaphroditism in Ruditapes decussatus (L.) (Bivalvia) from the Galician coast (Spain).

SUMMARY: Inmature individuals of Ruditapes decussatus, collected from the Galician coast (Spain), were maintained in a laboratory open-flow seawater system over a 76-day period at a temperature of 18-20oC and fed with Isochrysis galbana clone T-ISO. A histological study of gonad development was performed in subsamples of clams collected every 15 days. Although this species is considered strictly gonochoristic, two individuals displayed hermaphroditism in which both male and female gametes were present. It is suggested that these are cases of consecutive hermaphroditism.
Who's Who in Crime Network. Wanted the Key Player

Criminals are embedded in a network of relationships. Social ties among criminals are modeled by means of a graph where criminals compete for a booty and benefit from local interactions with their neighbours. Each criminal decides in a non-cooperative way how much crime effort he will exert. We show that the Nash equilibrium crime effort of each individual is proportional to his equilibrium Bonacich-centrality in the network, thus establishing a bridge to the sociology literature on social networks. We then analyze a policy that consists of finding and getting rid of the key player, that is, the criminal who, once removed, leads to the maximum reduction in aggregate crime. We provide a geometric characterization of the key player identified with an optimal inter-centrality measure, which takes into account both a player's centrality and his contribution to the centrality of the others. We also provide a geometric characterization of the key group, which generalizes the key player for a group of criminals of a given size. We finally endogeneize the crime participation decision, resulting in a key player policy, which effectiveness depends on the outside opportunities available to criminals.
Urban AgriCulture and Food Systems Dynamics in the German Bonn/Rhein-Sieg Region

Agricultural activities within city boundaries have a long history in both developed and developing countries. In this paper, a broad approach to Urban AgriCulture (UAC) is used, one that includes the production of crops in urban and peri-urban areas and ranges in developed countries from allotment gardens over community gardens to semi-entrepreneurial self-harvest farms and fully commercialized agriculture. With an empirical case study on UAC Initiatives in the Bonn/Rhein-Sieg region this work fills a gap since the lack of comprehensive and comparative studies on urban agriculture (UA) currently makes it difficult for researchers to identify the benefits of UA activities.
Mitochondrial markers to distinguish Spodoptera frugiperda populations associated with corn and cotton crops

The objective of this work was to analyze the genetic variability of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations collected from corn and cotton crops in Brazil. The samples were analyzed by DNA markers. The dendrogram produced by the 20 RAPD primers evaluated showed a correlation between genetic profile and feeding behavior. The analysis of the mitochondrial ND1 gene allowed identifying the insect populations in both crops, and, in corn, in several geographical regions. The presented strategy allows the identification of Spodoptera frugiperda populations associated with corn and cotton crops.