Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The positive impact of environmental friendliness on green purchase intentions

The major purpose of this paper is to explore the positive impact of environmental friendliness on green purchase intentions and also to discuss the mediation effects of green perceived value and green loyalty. This study undertakes an empirical study by means of questionnaire survey. The respondents are consumers who have purchase experience of green products. This study applies structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses. The empirical results show that: (1) environmental friendliness has a significant positive impact on green perceived value, green loyalty, and green purchase intentions; (2) both of green perceived value and green loyalty positively affect green purchase intentions; and (3) green perceived value and green loyalty partially mediate the positive relationship between environmental friendliness and green purchase intentions.
Rates of hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza virus in older adults.

BACKGROUND We performed a prospective study to determine the disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in older adults in comparison with influenza virus. METHODS During 3 consecutive winters, we enrolled Davidson County (Nashville, TN) residents aged ≥ 50 years admitted to 1 of 4 hospitals with acute respiratory illness (ARI). Nasal/throat swabs were tested for influenza, RSV, and HMPV with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Hospitalization rates were calculated. RESULTS Of 1042 eligible patients, 508 consented to testing. Respiratory syncytial virus was detected in 31 participants (6.1%); HMPV was detected in 23 (4.5%) patients; and influenza was detected in 33 (6.5%) patients. Of those subjects aged ≥ 65 years, 78% received influenza vaccination. Compared with patients with confirmed influenza, patients with RSV were older and more immunocompromised; patients with HMPV were older, had more cardiovascular disease, were more likely to have received the influenza vaccination, and were less likely to report fever than those with influenza. Over 3 years, average annual rates of hospitalization were 15.01, 9.82, and 11.81 per 10,000 county residents due to RSV, HMPV, and influenza, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In adults aged ≥ 50 years, hospitalization rates for RSV and HMPV were similar to those associated with influenza.
Black Youth in Crisis

Introduction E. Cashmore and Barry Troyna 1. Black Youth for Whites E. Cashmore 2. Black Youth in Crisis E. Cashmore and Barry Troyna 3. The Manufacture of Marginality Malcolm Cross 4. West Indian and Asian Youth John Rex 5. Growing Up in Babylon E. Cashmore and Barry Troyna 6. Young, Female and Black Mary Fuller 7. The Debate on 'Sus' Brian Roberts 8. Social Policy and Black Youth George Fisher and Harry Joshua 9. Confusing Categories and Neglecting Contradictions Sheila Allen The Contributors Bibliography Index
Acute lung injury in preterm fetuses and neonates: mechanisms and molecular pathways

Abstract Acute lung injury (ALI) results in high morbidity and mortality among preterm neonates and efforts have therefore been devoted to both antenatal and postnatal prevention of the disease. ALI is the result of an inflammatory response which is triggered by a variety of different mechanisms. It mostly affects the fetal lung and, in particular, causes damage to the integrity of the lung’s alveolar-capillary unit while weakening its cellular linings. Chemotactic activity and inflammatory products, such as proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-11, VEGF,TGF-α and TGF-β, provoke serious damage to the capillary endothelium and the alveolar epithelium, resulting in hyaline membrane formation and leakage of protein-rich edema fluid into the alveoli. Chorioamnionitis plays a major part in triggering fetal lung inflammation, while mechanical ventilation, the application of which is frequently necessary in preterm neonates, also causes ALI by inducing proinflammatory cytokines. Many different ventilation-strategies have been developed in order to reduce potential lung injury. Furthermore, tissue injury may occur as a result of injurious oxygen by-products (Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS), secondary to hyperoxia. Knowledge of the inflammatory pathways that connect intra-amniotic inflammation and ALI can lead to the formulation of novel interventional procedures. Future research should concentrate on the pathophysiology of ALI in preterm neonates and οn possible pharmaceutical interventions targeting prevention and/or resolution of ALI.
Reconstructive surgery in limbs: the case for the orthoplastic approach.

Amputation as a means to resolve difficult limb problems, whether congenital or the result of injury, disease or even previous surgery, remains a useful salvage procedure. The decision to remove a limb, taken either when there is no other feasible solution or the outcome of reconstructive surgery is expected to be worse than that provided through limb prosthesis, is always considered “brave. ” However, a possible perspective behind such decisions might be the problem was outside the treating surgeon’s comfort zone; the decision to amputate was simply a reflection of there being “no other option available” to that particular surgeon. Limb problems that are likely to provoke such difficult decisions often involve loss of critical areas of tissue, whether a matter of volume (ie, destruction of such large quantities that replacement to produce a functional limb is unfeasible) or of vital structures (eg, nerve and vascular supply). This tissue loss usually includes soft (skin, muscle, nerve, and vascular) and bony components. Balancing the cost, time scale, and likely stages of treatment to produce a salvaged limb that is better functionally than that produced through prosthetic fitting after amputation requires knowledge of both reconstructive and ablative strategies. This is the strongest argument for the provision of specialist units that deliver a combined orthopedic and plastic surgical approach to these problems.
The qualitative research interview

Background Interviews are among the most familiar strategies for collecting qualitative data. The different qualitative interviewing strategies in common use emerged from diverse disciplinary perspectives resulting in a wide variation among interviewing approaches. Unlike the highly structured survey interviews and questionnaires used in epidemiology and most health services research, we examine less structured interview strategies in which the person interviewed is more a participant in meaning making than a conduit from which information is retrieved.
STATUS HEMATOLOGIS (ERITROSIT, HEMATOKRIT, DAN HEMOGLOBIN) AYAM PETELUR FASE LAYER PADA TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY INDEX YANG BERBEDA

Ayam petelur termasuk hewan homoioterm, sebagai hewan homoioterm, ayam petelur akan berusaha mengembalikan temperatur tubuhnya ke temperatur normal, sebab semua reaksi biokimiawi di dalam tubuh akan optimal pada temperatur tertentu. Kemampuan mempertahankan temperatur tubuh dalam kisaran yang normal atau disebut juga homoiostasis merupakan kegiatan yang sangat mempengaruhi reaksi biokimiawi dan proses fisiologis dalam kaitannya dengan metabolisme tubuh ayam. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh dan berapa nilai hematologis ayam petelur fase layer pada Temperature Humidity Index (THI) yang berbeda.Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober – November 2014.Bertempat di peternakan ayam petelur milik CV. Acum Jaya Abadi di Desa Sumur Wiru Kecamatan Cibeureum Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat. Peubah yang diamati adalah status hematologis yang terdiri dari jumlah eritrosit, nilai hematokrit, dan kadar hemoglobin. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental menggunakan uji t berpasangan. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa status hematologis ayam petelur fase layer pada THI yang berbeda yaitu pada pagi hari 74 pukul 05.00 – 06.30 WIB dan siang hari 89 pukul 12.30 – 14.00 WIB tidak berbeda nyata. Kata Kunci : Ayam Petelur, Hematologis, Homoiostasis, Homoioterm, THI
Short‐term potentiation of mEPSCs requires N‐, P/Q‐ and L‐type Ca2+ channels and mitochondria in the supraoptic nucleus

The glutamatergic synapses of the supraoptic nucleus display a unique activity‐dependent plasticity characterized by a barrage of tetrodotoxin‐resistant miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) persisting for 5–20 min, causing postsynaptic excitation. We investigated how this short‐term synaptic potentiation (STP) induced by a brief high‐frequency stimulation (HFS) of afferents was initiated and maintained without lingering presynaptic firing, using in vitro patch‐clamp recording on rat brain slices. We found that following the immediate rise in mEPSC frequency, STP decayed with two‐exponential functions indicative of two discrete phases. STP depends entirely on extracellular Ca2+ which enters the presynaptic terminals through voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels but also, to a much lesser degree, through a pathway independent of these channels or reverse mode of the plasma membrane Na+–Ca2+ exchanger. Initiation of STP is largely mediated by any of the N‐, P/Q‐ or L‐type channels, and only a simultaneous application of specific blockers for all these channels attenuates STP. Furthermore, the second phase of STP is curtailed by the inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake or mitochondrial Na+–Ca2+ exchanger. mEPSCs amplitude is also potentiated by HFS which requires extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, induction of mEPSC‐STP is redundantly mediated by presynaptic N‐, P/Q‐ and L‐type Ca2+ channels while the second phase depends on mitochondrial Ca2+ sequestration and release. Since glutamate influences unique firing patterns that optimize hormone release by supraoptic magnocellular neurons, a prolonged barrage of spontaneous excitatory transmission may aid in the induction of respective firing activities.
Functional Characterization of the GATA Transcription Factors GNC and CGA1 Reveals Their Key Role in Chloroplast Development, Growth, and Division in Arabidopsis1[W][OA]

Chloroplasts develop from proplastids in a process that requires the interplay of nuclear and chloroplast genomes, but key steps in this developmental process have yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that the nucleus-localized transcription factors GATA NITRATE-INDUCIBLE CARBON-METABOLISM-INVOLVED (GNC) and CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA1 (CGA1) regulate chloroplast development, growth, and division in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). GNC and CGA1 are highly expressed in green tissues, and the phytohormone cytokinin regulates their expression. A gnc cga1 mutant exhibits a reduction in overall chlorophyll levels as well as in chloroplast size in the hypocotyl. Ectopic overexpression of either GNC or CGA1 promotes chloroplast biogenesis in hypocotyl cortex and root pericycle cells, based on increases in the number and size of the chloroplasts, and also results in expanded zones of chloroplast production into the epidermis of hypocotyls and cotyledons and into the cortex of roots. Ectopic overexpression also promotes the development of etioplasts from proplastids in dark-grown seedlings, subsequently enhancing the deetiolation process. Inducible expression of GNC demonstrates that GNC-mediated chloroplast biogenesis can be regulated postembryonically, notably so for chloroplast production in cotyledon epidermal cells. Analysis of the gnc cga1 loss-of-function and overexpression lines supports a role for these transcription factors in regulating the effects of cytokinin on chloroplast division. These data support a model in which GNC and CGA1 serve as two of the master transcriptional regulators of chloroplast biogenesis, acting downstream of cytokinin and mediating the development of chloroplasts from proplastids and enhancing chloroplast growth and division in specific tissues.
Factors affecting Chinese Ubiquitous Game Service usage intention

The Ubiquitous Game Service UGS in China has emerged as the most innovative entertainment technologies adding new revenue streams, utilising the potentialities of wireless consumer applications and service offers. The study intends to examine the characteristics of Chinese game users and service affecting the intention to use UGS based upon a revised Technology Acceptance Model TAM. The external variables include user-related factors self-efficacy, innovativeness and self-expressiveness and service-related factors visibility and incentives. The survey of 536 Chinese users and the multiple regression analysis show that self-efficacy, innovativeness and visibility affect perceived ease of use whereas self-expressiveness, visibility, incentives and perceived ease of use influence perceived enjoyment. Incentives and perceived enjoyment are determinants of the behavioural intention to use. The marketing efforts should be targeted at the customers with self-efficacy, innovativeness and self-expressiveness, whereas the design strategy should be directed towards increasing visibility and incentives for the customer adoption of UGS.
Role of HIV-1 Viral Load in Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy

Purpose: For commencement of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), CD4 count and/or WHO clinical staging is used as the guide in India. In western countries along with clinical and immunological criteria, HIV-1 viral load is also used to start the patient on treatment. The present study was conducted to determine the role of viral load in taking decision on ART commencement in HIV-1 infected treatment naive individuals. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out at the Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre (ICTC) in the Department of Microbiology at a Tertiary care teaching hospital after Institutional Ethics Committee approval. After obtaining written informed consent, HIV-1 infected patients who were clinically asymptomatic, ART naive, having CD4 count <250 cells/mm 3 and age more than or equal to 15 yrs were enrolled in this study. Blood sample was collected and viral load was estimated by COBAS® TaqMan® HIV-1 Test. Result: During the study period of one year, 8966 HIV-1 infected patients were referred for CD4 count estimation. Of these 1624 patients had CD4 count <250 cells/mm 3 and 405 patients were treatment naive. Of these 96 (23.70%) patients were clinically asymptomatic and were enrolled. Of those enrolled, ten (10.41%) had viral load less than 5000 copies/ml. Conclusion: Decision to start patient on ART can be made judiciously when viral load is used along with CD4 count estimation.
Taking Up Offenses: Secondhand Forgiveness and Group Identification

When a person or group is mistreated, those not directly harmed by the transgression might still experience antipathy toward offenders, leading to secondhand forgiveness dynamics similar to those experienced by firsthand victims. Three studies examine the role of social identification in secondhand forgiveness. Study 1 shows that the effects of apologies on secondhand victims are moderated by level of identification with the wronged group. Study 2 shows that identification with the United States was associated with less forgiveness and greater blame and desire for retribution directed at the 9/11 terrorists, and these associations were primarily mediated by anger. Finally, Study 3 shows that participants whose assimilation needs were primed were less forgiving toward the perpetrators of an assault on ingroup members than participants whose differentiation needs were primed, an effect that was mediated by empathy for the victims.
Chronic heart failure, chronotropic incompetence, and the effects of beta blockade.

OBJECTIVE To establish the prevalence of chronotropic incompetence in a cohort of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) taking modern medications for heart failure, and whether this affected exercise capacity and predicted prognosis. METHODS Heart rate response to exercise was examined in 237 patients with CHF in sinus rhythm, who were compared with 118 control volunteers. The percentage of maximum age predicted peak heart rate (%Max-PPHR) and percentage heart rate reserve (%HRR) were calculated, with a cut off of < 80% as the definition of chronotropic incompetence for both. Patients were followed up for an average (SD) of 2.8 (9) years. Mortality was related to peak oxygen consumption (pVo2), and the presence or absence of chronotropic incompetence. RESULTS %Max-PPHR < 80% identified 103 (43%) and %HRR < 80% identified 170 patients (72%) as having chronotropic incompetence. Chronotropic incompetence was more common in patients taking beta blockers than in those not taking beta blockers as assessed by both methods (80 (49%) v 23 (32%) by %Max-PPHR and 123 (75%) v 47 (64%) by %HRR, respectively). Patients with chronotropic incompetence by either method had a lower pVo2 than those without. These differences remained significant for both patients taking and not taking a beta blocker. %HRR, Max-PPHR%, and HRR were related to New York Heart Association class and correlated with pVo2. There was no difference in the slopes relating heart rate to pVo2 between patients with and those without chronotropic incompetence (6.1 (1.7) v 5.1 (1.8), p = 0.34). During an average 2.8 year follow up 40 patients (17%) died. In Cox proportional hazard models, pVo2 was the most powerful predictor of survival and neither measure of chronotropic incompetence independently predicted outcome. CONCLUSIONS pVo2 is a powerful marker of prognosis for patients with CHF whether they are taking beta blockers or not. A low heart rate response to exercise in patients with CHF correlates with worse exercise tolerance but is unlikely to contribute to exercise impairment.
The Origins of Banking Panics: Models, Facts, and Bank Regulation

Banking panics are the central event informing and rationalizing government intervention into the banking industry. In the last decade progress has been made in understanding the origins of panics. This essay reviews recent theoretical and empirical work on the origins of banking panics. New evidence on the causes of banking panics is introduced. Banking panics do not appear to have been caused by random withdrawal risks associated with seasonal shocks in the countryside. Instead, adverse economic news, in concert with asymmetric information about the incidence of shocks, and problems of bank asset diversification associated with unit banking seem to have led to banking panics. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
The Appropriateness of Contrast Metric for Reaction Times

We analyzed different contrast metrics to scale the stimulus strength for suprathreshold reaction times (RTs) when it is modulated along an achromatic channel (L + M) and both chromatic channels L/M and S/(L + M) considering increments and decrements along these axes. RTs were examined as a function of the Weber luminance contrast; spatial luminance ratio (SRL) and, in terms of threshold units. The results show that when there is only luminance decreasing or increasing, RTs cluster around a single RT/luminance contrast function regardless the stimulus sign and our results indicate that both SRL, Weber luminance contrast or threshold units, equate RT values. While, if the stimulus is modulated along an isoluminant plane, the appropriate contrast is Weber (RMS) or SRL for stimuli modulated along L/M axis and for stimuli modulated along S/L + M, showing an asymmetry between S-cone decrements and increments in L/M cone pathway. Threshold units are not appropriate, showing inconsistencies: The stimulus with chromatic direction equal to 90° appears as the most informative with a maximum gain. Even more so, the shared contrast gain grows as the size of the stimulus decreases.
Membrane Oestrogen Receptors on Rat Pituitary Tumour Cells: Immuno‐Identification and Responses to Oestradiol and Xenoestrogens

Our laboratory has identified plasma membrane oestrogen receptors on a GH3/B6 rat pituitary tumour cell line and several sublines which produce rapid (within minutes), non‐genomic responses to oestrogens. Oestrogen receptors have been identified by their binding to nine different antibodies (Abs) which together recognize at least seven epitopes on the oestrogen receptor‐α. GH3/B6/F10 cells, a membrane oestrogen receptor‐enriched subline, elevate intracellular calcium levels in response to 10 nM oestradiol. Prolactin release in these cells is triggered by both 1 pM and 1 nM oestradiol and diethylstilbestrol (DES). A membrane oestrogen receptor‐α immunocyto‐chemical signal rapidly disappears (at 3 min) and reappears (at 12‐15 min) when 1 nM oestradiol, 10 nM diethylstilbestrol, or 10 nM nonylphenol is applied to the cells. This suggests that both oestrogens and xenoestrogens can utilize this alternative pathway for oestrogenic action. Xenoestrogens, which have so far shown weak effects in genomic assay systems, should now be retested for activity in eliciting membrane‐initiated oestrogenic responses.
Nuclear localization of the actin regulatory protein palladin in sertoli cells

In the testis, F‐actin structures are involved in spermatid nuclear remodeling and cytoplasm reduction, maintenance of the blood–testis barrier, support of the spermatogonial stem cell niche, and release of spermatids into the tubular lumen. To gain a better understanding of actin regulation in Sertoli–germ cell interactions, we investigated the expression of the Palladin (Palld) gene, which encodes a widely expressed phosphoprotein that localizes to actin‐rich cytoplasmic structures, including focal adhesions, cell–cell junctions, podosomes, and stress fibers, and serves as a molecular scaffold to bundle actin fibers. In germ cells, PALLD was concentrated along the tubulin‐ and F‐actin‐containing cytoplasmic manchette that forms adjacent to the elongating spermatid nucleus during spermiogenesis. To our surprise, PALLD relocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of Sertoli cells in the juvenile testis, coincident with the onset of puberty, and this localization was maintained in the adult. We provide evidence that the 140 kDa isoform of PALLD predominates in Sertoli cells, and that it is apparently cleaved, with the C‐terminus localizing to the nucleus while the N‐terminus remains cytoplasmic. We investigated the nuclear localization of the C‐terminus of PALLD and found that it is regulated by a putative nuclear export signal. These results provide the foundation for future work employing Sertoli cell‐ and spermatid‐specific Palld‐knockout mice to study diverse roles of PALLD as both a nuclear‐actin regulatory protein and as a potential regulator of manchette formation during spermatogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 403–413, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Harveian Oration Health in an unequal world

William Harvey and the Harveian Trust William Harvey was born in Folkestone on April 1, 1578. He was educated at the King’s School, Canterbury, Gonville, and Caius College, Cambridge, and the University of Padua, graduating as doctor of arts and medicine in 1602. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1607 and was appointed to the Lumleian lectureship in 1615. In the cycles of his Lumleian lectures over the next 13 years, Harvey developed and refi ned his ideas about the circulation of the blood. He published his conclusions in 1628 in Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus, which marks the beginning of clinical science. In it, Harvey considered the structure of the heart, arteries, and veins with their valves. By carefully devised experiments and supported by the demonstration of the unidirectional fl ow of the blood in the superfi cial veins of his own forearm, he established that the blood circulated, and did not ebb and fl ow as had been believed for more than 1000 years. Harvey was a great benefactor of the College. In 1656 he gave his patrimonial estate of Burmarsh (in Romney Marsh, Kent) to the College to provide for the annual oration and feast. In an indenture dated June 21, 1656, he directed that: