Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Intervention Prediction and Understanding using Deep Networks

Real-time prediction of clinical interventions remains a challenge within intensive care units (ICUs). This task is complicated by data sources that are noisy, sparse, heterogeneous and outcomes that are imbalanced. In this paper, we integrate data from all available ICU sources (vitals, labs, notes, demographics) and focus on learning rich representations of this data to predict onset and weaning of multiple invasive interventions. In particular, we compare both long short-term memory networks (LSTM) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for prediction of five intervention tasks: invasive ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, vasopressors, colloid boluses, and crystalloid boluses. Our predictions are done in a forward-facing manner to enable "real-time" performance, and predictions are made with a six hour gap time to support clinically actionable planning. We achieve state-of-the-art results on our predictive tasks using deep architectures. We explore the use of feature occlusion to interpret LSTM models, and compare this to the interpretability gained from examining inputs that maximally activate CNN outputs. We show that our models are able to significantly outperform baselines in intervention prediction, and provide insight into model learning, which is crucial for the adoption of such models in practice.
Influence of an Orally Effective SOD on Hyperbaric Oxygen-related Cell Damage

In a prospective, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled study, we tested the hypothesis that a new formulation consisting of wheat gliadin chemically combined with a vegetal (thus orally effective) preparation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) allows to prevent hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)-induced oxidative cell stress. Twenty healthy volunteers were exposed to 100% oxygen breathing at 2.5 ATA for a total of 60 min. DNA strand breaks (tail moments) were determined using the alkaline version of the comet assay. Whole blood concentrations of reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione and F2-isoprostanes, SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (Cat) activities and red cell malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined. After HBO exposure the tail moment [Formula: See Text] and isoprostane levels [Formula: See Text] were significantly lower in the group that received the vegetal formulation. Neither SOD and Cat nor GSH and GSSG were significantly affected by this preparation or HBO exposure. By contrast, blood GPx activity, which tended to be lower in the SOD-group already before the HBO exposure [Formula: See Text] was significantly lower afterwards [Formula: See Text] We conclude that an orally effective SOD-wheat gliadin mixture is able to protect against DNA damage, which coincided with reduced blood isoprostane levels, and may therefore be used as an antioxidant.
Specificity of reductive dehalogenation of substituted ortho-chlorophenols by Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans JW/IU-DC1

Resting cells of Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans JW/IU-DC1 growth with pyruvate and 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetate (3-Cl-4-OHPA) as the electron acceptor and inducer of dehalogenation reductively ortho-dehalogenate pentachlorophenol (PCP); tetrachlorophenols (TeCPs); the trichlorophenols 2,3,4-TCP, 2,3,6-TCP, and 2,4,6-TCP; the dichlorophenols 2,3-DCP, 2,4-DCP, and 2,6-DCP; 2,6-dichloro-4-R-phenols (2,6-DCl-4-RPs, where R is -H, -F, -Cl, -NO2, -CO2, or -COOCH3; 2-chloro-4-R-phenols (2-Cl-4-RPs, where R is -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -NO2, -CO2-, -CH2CO2, or -COOCH3); and the bromophenols 2-BrP, 2,6-DBrP, and 2-Br-4ClP [corrected]. Monochlorophenols, the dichlorophenols 2,5-DCP, 3,4-DCP, and 3,5-DCP, the trichlorophenols 2,3,5-TCP, 2,4,5-TCP, and 3,4,5-TCP, and the fluorinated analog of 3-Cl-4-OHPA, 3-F-4-OHPA ("2-F-4-CH2CO2- P"), are not dehalogenated. A chlorine substituent in position 3 (meta), 4 (para), or 6 (second ortho) of the phenolic moiety facilitates ortho dehalogenation in position 2. Chlorine in the 5 (second meta) position has a negative effect on the dehalogenation rate or even prevents dechlorination in the 2 position. In general, 2,6-DCl-4-RPs are dechlorinated faster than the corresponding 2-Cl-4-RPs with the same substituent R in the 4 position. The highest dechlorination rate, however, was found for dechlorination of 2,3-DCP, with a maximal observed first-order rate constant of 19.4 h-1 g (dry weight) of biomass-1. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
BDNF-Promoted Increases in Proximal Dendrites Occur via CREB-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of Cypin

Alterations in dendrite branching and morphology are present in many neurodegenerative diseases. These variations disrupt postsynaptic transmission and affect neuronal communication. Thus, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate dendritogenesis and how they go awry during disease states. Previously, our laboratory showed that cypin, a mammalian guanine deaminase, increases dendrite number when overexpressed and decreases dendrite number when knocked down in cultured hippocampal neurons. Here, we report that exposure to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an important mediator of dendrite arborization, for 72 h but not for 24 h or less increases cypin mRNA and protein levels in rat hippocampal neurons. BDNF signals through cypin to regulate dendrite number, since knocking down cypin blocks the effects of BDNF. Furthermore, BDNF increases cypin levels via mitogen-activated protein kinase and transcription-dependent signaling pathways. Moreover, the cypin promoter region contains putative conserved cAMP response element (CRE) regions, which we found can be recognized and activated by CRE-binding protein (CREB). In addition, exposure of the neurons to BDNF increased CREB binding to the cypin promoter and, in line with these data, expression of a dominant negative form of CREB blocked BDNF-promoted increases in cypin protein levels and proximal dendrite branches. Together, these studies suggest that BDNF increases neuronal cypin expression by the activation of CREB, increasing cypin transcription leading to increased protein expression, thus identifying a novel pathway by which BDNF shapes the dendrite network.
The Ever-Changing Landscape of Rotavirus Serotypes

Rotavirus is a double-stranded RNA virus that is characterized by substantial genetic diversity. The various serotypes of rotavirus have been determined by the presence of neutralizing epitopes on the outer capsid of the protein shell. At present, 5 rotavirus serotypes (G1, G2, G3, G4, G9) are the predominant circulating strains, accounting for approximately 95% of strains worldwide, although there is considerable geographic variability. Incidence rates for various serotypes also vary temporally with seasonal and year-to-year fluctuations. Unusual serotypes are generally uncommon, but new serotypes can emerge. In particular, G9[P8], a reassortment virus, was first identified in 1983 and in the last 10 to 15 years has become widely distributed worldwide. Indeed, G9[P8] has become highly prevalent in many countries in Europe and Australia, with somewhat lower incidence rates in South America, Africa, and Asia. The heterogeneity and ever-changing epidemiology of rotavirus underscores the need for continued surveillance to ensure that vaccination programs provide optimal protection.
Recognition and recall in amnesics.

Although there is considerable agreement that performance in direct memory tasks (e.g., recall, recognition) is more disrupted by amnesia than performance in indirect memory tasks (e.g., mirror reading, word completion), one may be able to further circumscribe the deficit within the domain of direct memory tasks. The present article explores whether recall is disproportionately disrupted by amnesia compared to recognition. If amnesia affects memory uniformly across different direct memory measures, recall of normal controls should not differ from the recall of amnesics when recognition scores of these two groups are equated. On the other hand, if recall is disproportionately disrupted, normal recall should be superior to amnesic recall even when recognition is equated. The present study equated amnesic recognition with that of controls by providing amnesics with 8 s of study time and normal subjects with 0.5 s. Amnesics with Korsakoff's syndrome, amnesics with other etiologies, and appropriate controls were examined. Normal recall was superior to amnesic recall even when no differences were found in recognition. The results further specify the selective nature of amnesia.
Environmental Regulation,Green Total Factor Productivity and the Transformation of China’s Industrial Development Mode——Analysis Based on Data of China’s 36 Industries

Based on the output data of China’s 36 industries between 2001—2010,this paper uses the non radial and non angle SBM efficiency measurement model considering the undesirable outputs,combined with the ML productivity index to measure the efficiency of green technology and green total factor productivity of industry.Besides,we consider the contribution rate of green total factor productivity to industrial economic growth as the measure criterion of the transformation of China’s industrial development mode,and at the same time we use the panel threshold model to estimate the nonlinear relationship between the environmental regulation and the transformation of China’s industrial development mode,and calculate the corresponding threshold value.The results show that:the green total factor productivity of China’s industrial sector did not increase,but went backwards to some extent,and the decreased green total factor productivity makes its contribution to industrial economic growth reduce or even be negative,so China’s industrial growth mode is showing more and more extensive characteristics.Environmental regulation has an effect on the transformation of China’s industrial development mode through green total factor productivity,but there exists the "threshold effect" of environmental regulation strength.When the environmental regulation strength is lower than the threshold value 1.999,the effect of environmental regulation on the transformation of China’s industrial development mode is not significant.But when the environmental regulation strength is between the threshold value 1.999 and 3.645,gradually increasing the intensity of environmental regulation will help to promote the transformation of China’s industrial development mode.Once when the environmental regulation strength is over the threshold value of 3.645,there is negative effects of strengthening the environmental regulation on the transformation of China’s industrial development mode.However,only when the environmental regulation has successfully crossed the science and technology innovation level threshold and the ownership structure threshold can it really promote the transformation of China’s industrial development mode.
A comparison of discrimination learning in normal and mentally defective children.

Is the IQ related to learning ability in children of the same mental age? An answer to this question has been suggested by the results of previous studies. These led to the prediction that normal children would outlearn mentally defective children of the same mental age. Imbeciles with MAs of about three years learned visual discriminations poorly (5), as compared with naive monkeys (3). Since normal three-year-olds have not been found inferior to monkeys in such learning (4), the inference was made that normal three-year-olds would outlearn defectives matched with them for MA. In another study of mentally deficient children, IQ was found to be correlated with error scores on a visual discrimination problem, after variation in MA had been eliminated by partial correlation. The range of IQs in this population of defectives was 17 to 67. Extrapolation of the correlational relationship to higher IQs also yields the prediction of superior learning in normals of matched MA. To check the validity of these inferences, the present study offers a more direct comparison of the visual discrimination learning of normals and defectives.
Comparing the Representativeness of Parliaments

The responsiveness of parliaments to their constituencies is one aspect of their representativeness. It can be measured with data on how members of parliaments conceptualize their constituencies, the extent of their communication with their constituents, and their receptivity to their constituents' views. There is less variation among members of the same parliament in these respects than there is between members of six different parliaments: those of Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, Kenya, Korea, and Turkey. These parliaments can be classified as exhibiting participatory, elitist, parochial, or limited representativeness. Systemic variables appear to explain these differences in representativeness, which may in turn affect the way in which these parliaments cope with social conflict.
Treatment of hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, dyslipidemia, and hyperinsulinism in nonobese, adolescent girls: effect of flutamide.

Functional ovarian hyperandrogenism, a variant of polycystic ovary syndrome, is often associated with hyperinsulinism and dyslipidemia. The mechanisms interlinking this triad are poorly understood; both hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinism have been proposed as factors involved in the pathogenesis of the dyslipidemia. Precocious pubarche (PP) in girls is a risk factor for subsequent anovulation, ovarian and adrenal hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinism and dyslipidemia. Flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, is known to be effective in reducing hirsutism in patients with ovarian hyperandrogenism. However, the effects of flutamide on the endocrine-metabolic correlates of hyperandrogenism are uncertain. We assessed the effects of low dose flutamide treatment (250 mg daily for 18 months) on hormonal and metabolic variables in 18 nonobese adolescent girls (age, 16.8 +/- 0.3 yr) with functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (diagnosis by GnRH agonist test) after PP. Flutamide treatment was accompanied by a marked decrease in the hirsutism score, free androgen index, and testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone levels and by an increase in sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations. However, there were no substantial changes in the pattern of menstrual cycles, gonadotropin, estradiol, or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations, and there was no detectable effect on the 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to GnRH agonist. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased markedly during flutamide therapy, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glycemia/insulinemia, and the insulin response to a glucose load remained unchanged. Flutamide was well tolerated. In conclusion, low dose flutamide treatment was found to be an effective and safe approach to reduce hirsutism and circulating androgen, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in girls with functional ovarian hyperandrogenism after PP. However, flutamide failed to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels or decrease hyperinsulinemia, i.e. to affect two major risk factors for subsequent cardiovascular disease.
The Pillars of Hercules as a bathymetric barrier to gene flow promoting isolation in a global deep‐sea shark (Centroscymnus coelolepis)

Knowledge of the mechanisms limiting connectivity and gene flow in deep‐sea ecosystems is scarce, especially for deep‐sea sharks. The Portuguese dogfish (Centroscymnus coelolepis) is a globally distributed and near threatened deep‐sea shark. C. coelolepis population structure was studied using 11 nuclear microsatellite markers and a 497‐bp fragment from the mtDNA control region. High levels of genetic homogeneity across the Atlantic (ΦST = −0.0091, FST = 0.0024, P > 0.05) were found suggesting one large population unit at this basin. The low levels of genetic divergence between Atlantic and Australia (ΦST = 0.0744, P < 0.01; FST = 0.0015, P > 0.05) further suggested that this species may be able to maintain some degree of genetic connectivity even across ocean basins. In contrast, sharks from the Mediterranean Sea exhibited marked genetic differentiation from all other localities studied (ΦST = 0.3808, FST = 0.1149, P < 0.001). This finding suggests that the shallow depth of the Strait of Gibraltar acts as a barrier to dispersal and that isolation and genetic drift may have had an important role shaping the Mediterranean shark population over time. Analyses of life history traits allowed the direct comparison among regions providing a complete characterization of this shark's populations. Sharks from the Mediterranean had markedly smaller adult body size and size at maturity compared to Atlantic and Pacific individuals. Together, these results suggest the existence of an isolated and unique population of C. coelolepis inhabiting the Mediterranean that most likely became separated from the Atlantic in the late Pleistocene.
Identification of Desulfobacterales as primary hydrogenotrophs in a complex microbial mat community

Hypersaline microbial mats have been shown to produce significant quantities of H2 under dark, anoxic conditions via cyanobacterial fermentation. This flux of a widely accessible microbial substrate has potential to significantly influence the ecology of the mat, and any consumption will affect the net efflux of H2 that might otherwise be captured as a resource. Here, we focus on H2 consumption in a microbial mat from Elkhorn Slough, California, USA, for which H2 production has been previously characterized. Active biologic H2 consumption in this mat is indicated by a significant time‐dependent decrease in added H2 compared with a killed control. Inhibition of sulfate reduction, as indicated by a decrease in hydrogen sulfide production relative to controls, resulted in a significant increase in H2 efflux, suggesting that sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) are important hydrogenotrophs. Low methane efflux under these same conditions indicated that methanogens are likely not important hydrogenotrophs. Analyses of genes and transcripts that encode for rRNA or dissimilatory sulfite reductase, using both PCR‐dependent and PCR‐independent metatranscriptomic sequencing methods, demonstrated that Desulfobacterales are the dominant, active SRB in the upper, H2‐producing layer of the mat (0–2 mm). This hypothesis was further supported by the identification of transcripts encoding hydrogenases derived from Desulfobacterales capable of H2 oxidation. Analysis of molecular data provided no evidence for the activity of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The combined biogeochemical and molecular data strongly indicate that SRB belonging to the Desulfobacterales are the quantitatively important hydrogenotrophs in the Elkhorn Slough mat.
Gene‐environment interaction between the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism, psychosocial stress and dietary intake in early psychosis

The brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a major participant in the regulation of food intake and may play a role in the regulation of the stress response. We aimed to investigate whether there is a gene‐environment interaction in the relationship between stress and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in relation to dietary patterns in a sample of subjects with early psychosis.
Evidence that M1 muscarinic receptors enhance noradrenaline release in mouse atria by activating protein kinase C

1 The M1 selective muscarinic agonist, McNeil A 343, enhanced the electrically evoked release of noradrenaline from postganglionic sympathetic nerves in mouse atria. This has been found previously to be due to activation of muscarinic receptors of the M1 subtype, probably located on sympathetic nerve terminals. The present study investigated the signal transduction mechanisms involved in the release‐enhancing effects of McNeil A 343. The release of noradrenaline from mouse atria was assessed by measuring the electrically‐induced (3 Hz, 60 s) outflow of radioactivity from atria which had been pre‐incubated with [3H]‐noradrenaline. 2 8‐Bromo cyclic AMP in the presence of IBMX was used to enhance maximally S‐I noradrenaline release through cyclic AMP‐dependent mechanisms. However, the facilitatory effect of McNeil A 343 (10 μm) was not different from the effect in the absence of these drugs, suggesting that McNeil A 343 enhances noradrenaline release independently of the cyclic AMP system. Furthermore, the release‐enhancing effect of McNeil A 343 (10 μm) on noradrenaline release was also not altered by the 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitor, BW A4C. 3 The facilitatory effect of McNeil A 343 was not altered in the presence of drugs (trifluoperazine, W7, and calmidazolium) which inhibit calmodulin‐dependent processes, suggesting that the mechanisms of action of McNeil A 343 does not depend on calmodulin. 4 It was considered likely that the facilitatory effect of McNeil A 343 on noradrenaline release may be due to activation of protein kinase C, since activators of protein kinase C enhance noradrenaline release. The facilitatory effect of McNeil A 343 was abolished by the non‐selective protein kinase C inhibitor, K‐252a. To investigate further the involvement of protein kinase C, mouse atria were chronically incubated (9–10 h) with the protein kinase C activator, 4β‐phorbol dibutyrate (1.0 μm) in order to down‐regulate protein kinase C activity. In protein kinase C‐down‐regulated atria, the facilitatory effect of McNeil A 343 (30 μm) was abolished. Incubation with 4α‐phorbol dibutyrate which does not affect protein kinase C did not reduce the facilitatory effect of McNeil A 343. This provides evidence that activation of protein kinase C is involved in the signal transduction process of McNeil A 343.
A 7-year surveillance for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae at a university hospital in Taiwan: the increase of CTX-M-15 in the ICU

SUMMARY To monitor the changing trend of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, a 7-year continuous study was launched in 2001 at the largest tertiary hospital in Taiwan. A significant increase over the study period was evident for ESBL-producing isolates of Escherichia coli (4·8–10·0%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15·0–23·4%). Molecular investigation conducted in three separate periods revealed the prevalent ESBL types and their genetic relatedness. CTX-M-producing isolates (73·8%) were more prevalent than SHV-type ESBLs (37·0%), the most frequent being CTX-M-14 (34·3%), CTX-M-3 (25·9%), and SHV-12 (25·7%). However, a marked increase of CTX-M-15-producing isolates from 2·1% in 2002 to 29·6% in 2007 was also noted. The increase of ESBL-producing isolates in both species may be mainly due to the horizontal transmission of resistance plasmids, while clonal expansion of some epidemic strains further added to the dispersion of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae.