Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of bdellocysts of Bdellovibrio sp

Bdellovibrio sp. strain W will infect and produce resting cells, termed bdellocysts, in a variety of gram-negative bacteria. Bdellocysts appeared to be produced only within susceptible prey and never in their absence. Optimum conditions for encystment included infection of stationary-phase prey cells in 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) at concentrations of prey and bdellovibrios of 2 X 10(9) cells per ml with a multiplicity of infection of unity. Bdellocysts contained more deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, protein, and carbohydrate per cell than did vegetative cells. Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate and dipicolinic acid were not detected. Bdellocysts were more resistant than vegetative cells to effects of elevated temperatures, sonic treatment, and desiccation. Bdellocysts remained viable for extended periods when incubated in the absence of prey, whereas vegetative cells lost viability rapidly under the same conditions. Their survival under starvation conditions may be due to the low rate of endogenous respiration by the bdellocysts. Bdellocysts are capable of germination in the presence or absence of prey cells in rich medium such as peptone-yeast extract.
Opportunity of Free Open Source ERP System As a Competitive Advantage for Small and Medium Enterprise

In today's world, IT is a source of differentiation from competitors. The tendency is to produce more, with the least possible cost and be reactive to the need to continue to change and the requirements of internal and external customers. That is why flexibility, adaptability and cost-cutting is the main reason that drives more and more companies to adopt Open-Source Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the Open Source ERP system can meet the needs of large organizations and SMEs. The study also attempts to answer the question whether Open-Source ERP vendors offer adequate levels of support to their clients. First, an explanation of research background and the motivation behind it. Then, the research hypothesis is presented. Last, discussion about Open Source concepts, history and advantages of Open Source ERP system. In order to verify research hypothesis, a comprehensive literature review focus on ERP selection criteria of large organizations and SMEs. This review resulted in a number of dimensions that served to build evaluation model. Another component of the evaluation is a "feature" offered from different ERP systems. This model became the principle when evaluating a selected Open Source ERP system. Three Open Source ERP system were chosen being evaluated, namely OpenERP, EpenBravo and Adempiere. Here are answers to the research hypothesis: we can say that the selected of Open Source ERP system offers an adequate level of support to their clients. In addition, they are suitable for SMEs as they can answer all the needs of most SMEs. However, the Open Source ERP which elected has limitation in large organizations: such limitations can be summarized regarding their scalability because there are still doubts the ability of these systems to handle large volumes of users or requests, and their ability to be improved as the cluster model. Other limitations that have an impact on large organizations are the lack of support for the international accounting rules which essential for public business organizations.
Anthropometric indices as determinants of haemorheological cardiovascular disease risk factors in Nigerian adults living in a semi-urban community.

BACKGROUND Some epidemiological studies have found anthropometric indices to be related to cardiovascular disease risk factors. Fibrinogen--an acute phase reactant protein--is central in the haemostatic system. Its associations with cardiovascular diseases have been well documented. A possible association between measures of body fat and fibrinogen has been reported. AIMS To study the relationship of fibrinogen (PFC), plasma viscosity (PV) and haematocrit (HCT) with measures of obesity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) in apparently healthy Nigerians living in Ilisan-Remo, a semi-urban community. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study population comprised of apparently healthy mono-ethnic Nigerians living in Ilisan-Remo town. Obesity was measured using the body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio. Blood samples were analyzed for rheological parameters (plasma fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, haematocrit and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) using standard methods. RESULTS A total of 122 subjects were studied, 46 males (mean age 57+/-15.7 years) and 76 females (mean age 58.92+/-17.99 years). The mean systolic blood pressure was 138.5 mmHg for males and 135.2 mmHg for females respectively. The independent variables (BMI, waist-to-hip ratio) were divided into 2 groups using the 75th percentile cut off. In the BMI group, the diastolic blood pressure, haematocrit and plasma viscosity were significantly higher in males (p<0.0001) in the >75th percentile group but not in females. Using the waist circumference; plasma viscosity and diastolic blood pressure were higher in males (p<0.0001) in the >75th percentile group. In females the haematocrit and blood viscosity were significantly higher (p=0.0074, p=0.0434) respectively in the >75th percentile group. Using stepwise multiple regression analysis, the waist circumference and BMI were found to be significant determinant for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The BMI was significant determinant for the haemorheological cardiovascular disease (HCVD) risk factors except fibrinogen. While the waist circumference was a significant predictor of all the haemorheological cardiovascular disease risk factors (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION While the BMI and the WHR may be good predictors of CVD (cardiovascular disease) risk factors, we have shown that the waist circumference may be a better predictor of haemorheological cardiovascular disease risk factors than the BMI in Nigerians.
Measuring industrial subsidies

Industrial subsidies should ideally be measured in ways that permit comparisons across subsidy instruments and countries, and that facilitate subsequent economic analysis of the effects of subsidisation. This paper deals with a number of conceptual issues that arise from these requirements. It first covers some definitional issues, concluding that subsidies should be measured broadly to include a wide range of instruments and both direct and indirect subsidy schemes. The paper then discusses measurement concepts for a range of instruments available to governments . Idealement, les subventions industrielles devraient etre mesurees de maniere a permettre des comparaisons entre pays et types de subvention et a faciliter l'analyse economique de leurs effets. Cet article traite d'un certain nombre de problemes conceptuels que pose ce double objectif. Il examine en premier lieu quelques questions de definition, en concluant que la mesure des subventions devrait inclure une large gamme d'instruments et prendre en compte aussi bien les programmes de subvention directe qu'indirecte. Le papier analyse ensuite les problemes de mesure pour un ensemble d'instruments dont disposent les gouvernements .
Wall turbulence closure based on classical similarity laws and the attached eddy hypothesis

A new look at the closure problem of turbulent boundary layers is taken here using recently derived analytical expressions for the shear stress distributions. These expressions are based on the logarithmic law of the wall and law of the wake formulation of Coles [J. Fluid Mech. 1, 191 (1956)] with the mean continuity and the mean momentum differential and integral equations. The concept of equilibrium layers of Clauser [Adv. Mech. 4, 1 (1956)] is extended and using similar ideas as Rotta [Prog. Aeronaut. Sci. 2, 1 (1962)] for self‐similarity, a closure scheme is proposed for layers developing in arbitrary pressure gradients for the case where the streamwise derivative of the Coles wake factor is not too large. For a given flow case, this Coles wake condition can be tested with internal consistency checks. The mathematical framework is most suitable for incorporating Townsend’s attached eddy hypothesis as recently developed by Perry, Li, and Marusic [Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 336, 67 (1991)] for closure. This gives an opportunity to incorporate coherent structure concepts into closure schemes. Possible ways of handling the difficult case where the streamwise derivative of the Coles wake factor is significant are discussed.
"Stego-Analysis Chain, Session Two" Novel Approach of Stego-Analysis System for Image File

Stenography systems has too many approaches, it has a lot of applications and different ways, too many type of attackers have been tried to attacked the information that already embed in the carrier, however there is not yet a real stego- analysis system offered, the goal of this chain is to have too many investigations on the stego analysis systems, this paper will focus on the image file, the earlier tests showing that we may use the histogram habits to classify the image in to image carried data hidden and original image, the study will focus in to two main idea, the first idea, on the colour image, the colour start become grouping parallel with the increasing of the data hidden and the second feature on the gray level image, the histogram in the original image was pure without colours, after the embedding method has been applied there are many colour start to appears as shown down in the histogram, we will try through this paper to offer a new stego-analysis system though study the habits of the histogram.
Dissecting the Biological Functions of Drosophila Histone Deacetylases by RNA Interference and Transcriptional Profiling*

Zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of hydrolases first identified as components of transcriptional repressor complexes, where they act by deacetylating lysine residues at the N-terminal extensions of core histones, thereby affecting transcription. To get more insight into the biological functions of the individual HDAC family members, we have used RNA interference in combination with microarray analysis in Drosophila S2 cells. Silencing of Drosophila HDAC1 (DHDAC1), but not of the other DHDAC family members, leads to increased histone acetylation. Silencing of either DHDAC1 or DHDAC3 leads to cell growth inhibition and deregulated transcription of both common and distinct groups of genes. Silencing DHDAC2 leads to increased tubulin acetylation levels but was not associated with a deregulation of gene expression. No growth of phenotype and no significant deregulation of gene expression was observed upon silencing of DHDAC4 and DHDACX. Loss of DHDAC1 or exposure of S2 cells to the small molecule HDAC inhibitor trichostatin both lead to a G2 arrest and were associated with significantly overlapping gene expression signatures in which genes involved in nucleobase and lipid metabolism, DNA replication, cell cycle regulation, and signal transduction were over-represented. A large number of these genes were shown to also be deregulated upon loss of the co-repressor SIN3 (Pile, L. A., Spellman, P. T., Katzenberger, R. J., and Wassarman, D. A. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 37840–37848). We conclude the following. 1) DHDAC1 and -3 have distinct functions in the control of gene expression. 2) Under the tested conditions, DHDAC2, -4, and X have no detectable transcriptional functions in S2 cells. 3) The anti-proliferative and transcriptional effects of trichostatin are largely recapitulated by the loss of DHDAC1. 4) The deacetylase activity of DHDAC1 significantly contributes to the repressor function of SIN3.
Morbidity rate of reoperation in thyroid surgery: a different point of view.

BACKGROUND Goitre recurrence is a common problem following subtotal thyroid gland resection for multinodular goitre disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate morbidity rate in relation to the side of initial and redo-surgery for recurrent disease. METHODS A total of 1699 patients underwent consecutive thyroid gland surgery between 1997 and 2010 at our institution. One hundred and eighteen patients (6.9%) underwent redo-surgery for recurrent disease after subtotal resection. One hundred and nine patients with complete follow-up were included in the present study. RESULTS Recurrent disease was found in 79 patients (72.5%) in the ipsilateral lobe and in 30 patients (27.5%) in the contralateral lobe. The incidence of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was significantly higher in patients undergoing redo-surgery on the ipsilateral lobe compared to patients undergoing initial operation (3.8% vs. 1.1%; p = 0.03), whereas no difference was found in patients with contralateral redo-surgery compared to patients undergoing initial operation (p = 1.0). Independent risk factors for contralateral recurrent disease were age at primary operation <37 years (OR 4.86; 95% CI 1.58-15.01) and time to recurrence <20 years (OR 6.53; 95% CI 2.23-19.01). CONCLUSION Morbidity rate for recurrent disease after subtotal resection was significantly higher for ipsilateral redo-surgery compared to initial surgery, whereas redo-surgery can be performed safely on the contralateral lobe. Young age at primary operation and short time to recurrence are independent risk factors for contralateral recurrent disease.
Selenium Profile in Blood Plasma of Grazing Sheep: A Case Study in Specific Ranch in Punjab, Pakistan -

A survey was conducted in Southwestern, Punjab, Pakistan during two different seasons to assess the status of selenium of three different classes of grazing sheep. Blood plasma from lactating, non-lactating and male sheep were collected four times monthly in winter and summer seasons and analyzed for selenium concentration. Seasonal variations were found for plasma selenium concentration. Selenium concentration of plasma was higher in male sheep than those lactating and non lactating ewes during both the seasons as well as it were higher compared to the established critical value for blood plasma selenium for these ruminants. High incidence of deficiencies was found particularly for lactating ewes. These deficiencies in plasma selenium based on critical level were 35% to 15 % for lactating, 28% to 12% for non lactating ewes and 15% to 5% for male animals during winter and summer seasons, respectively. Although some differences among the three classes of sheep were found for selenium concentrations of blood plasma, but dramatic class differences could not be concluded based on this study. It was suggested based on the results obtained, pellets, glass bolus or mixture that contain selenium, should be used for supplementation for grazing sheep in the study area to maintain the plasma Se at optimum required level for the prevention of complication in livestock caused due to deficiency of this element.
Facial Expression Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network and Support Vector Machine

Perception of facial emotional expressions is an important element of human communication, supporting social interactions by means of their informative, evocative and incentive functions. Thus, computational approaches to automatically classify facial emotional expressions may contribute to improve human machine interfaces, among other applications. This work presents an algorithm for human emotional state classification from grayscale still images of faces. These images are from the Extended Cohn-Kanade public dataset and represent three emotional states: Aversion, Happiness and Fear. Preprocessing applied to the images are restricted to cropping the region around the eyes and mouth, image resizing, and intensity mean pixel to pixel subtraction. Images characteristics extraction are handled by a previously trained Alexnet Convolutional Neural Network. The classification system is a Support Vector Machine and has achieved an average accuracy of 98.52% on the aforementioned classes.
Binding of bacterial endotoxin to murine spleen lymphocytes

The early events in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B-cell activation were investigated by studying the binding of 14C-labeled LPS to murine lymphocytes in vitro. In these studies we utilized intrinsically labeled 14C-labeled LPS from Salmonella minnesota or the 14C-labeled glycolipid derived from the Re mutant of S. minnesota (R595). Bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes bound more LPS than did thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes. Binding of LPS to murine spleen lymphocytes from strain C3H/HeN was compared with the binding to spleen lymphocytes from strain C3H/HeJ, a strain resistant to certain biological activities of LPS including mitogenesis. Spleen cells from both strains bound LPS equally well, suggesting that unresponsiveness of C3H/HeJ mice to LPS is due to factors other than a defect in binding of LPS. LPS binding to cells appeared to be due to a nonspecific interaction between the lipid moiety of LPS and the lipid components of the cell membrane. Thus, the highly lipophilic, polysaccharide-deficient glycolipid from R595 bound at least 20 times better than did LPS. Furthermore, partial removal of cell surface proteins with trypsin or sialic acids with neuraminidase enhanced glycolipid binding, suggesting that binding is not through a protein- or sialic acid-containing receptor. The binding of glycolipid to lymphocytes was only partially specific since unlabeled glycolipid R595, lipid A, and LPS did not completely inhibit the uptake of 14C-labeled glycolipid R595. In addition, binding could be inhibited by a nonmitogenic phospholipid (phosphatidyl ethanolamine), which also is consistent with a nonspecific lipid-lipid interaction. Experiments were performed to determine the relationship of LPS binding to lymphocyte activation in the lymphocytes. The process of activation of lymphocytes by LPS was a slow one, since LPS was required to be present in culture for at least 24 h in order to obtain significant lymphocyte activation, suggesting that the amounts of LPS bound earlier are either quantitatively or qualitatively insufficient to irreversibly activate the cell.
Development of lentigines within nevus depigmentosus

profunda limitans, an epidermal rete ridge underlying the surface furrow. Because the cornified layer is slanted by the bodyweight in melanocytic lesions on the pressure-loaded area of the sole, the melanin columns would ascend obliquely. Both PFP and PRP are expected to change into FP. Regular FP can be regarded as an artifactual expression of PFP, which is seen in acral nevi. Miyazaki et al. reported that regular FP of an acral nevus was changed into PFP by horizontally moving the cornified layer with the probe of a dermoscope. Maumi et al. also reported that regular FP changed into PFP by OVD. Kimoto et al. showed that FP was directly caused by an oblique arrangement of melanin columns in the slanting cornified layer with a 3-D reconstruction method using specimens of acral nevi of PFP or FP. The present case demonstrated change from irregular FP into PRP in acral lentiginous melanoma in situ by OVD. Irregular FP is supposed to be an artifactual expression of PRP. Although the difference between regular and irregular FP has not clearly been defined, the distinction between them might be made by OVD. Takahiro KIYOHARA, Suguru SATOH, Masato YASUTA, Masanobu KUMAKIRI Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
ARFI quantitative elastography of the submandibular glands. Normal measurements and the diagnosis value of the method in radiation submaxillitis.

OBJECTIVES Evaluation of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging (ARFI) elastography performance in predicting the elasticity of the submandibular glands in normal situations and after radiation therapy. MATERIAL AND METHOD A number of 54 normal submandibular glands from 27 voluntary subjects and 33 pathological submandibular glands (radiation submaxillities) from 18 patients who had undergone radiation therapy for various cervical and facial oncological conditions were included in study. All the patients had undergone a B mode ultrasonography (Tissue Harmonic Imaging, 8-14 MHz) while the submandibular volume was determined and subsequently an ARFI examination while the shear wave velocity (SWV) was measured (in the central, peripheral and subcapsular areas, with the results expressed in m/s). RESULTS In the volunteers' group the mean value of the SWV of the left submandibular gland was 1.68 ± 0.46 m/s, determined in the centre of the gland, 1.88 ± 0.4 m/s in the periphery (corresponding to the subcapsular parenchyma) and the SWV of the right submandibular gland was 1.74 ± 0.35 m/s (centrally) and 1.84 ± 0.43 m/s in the periphery. The mean value of all measurements was 1.82 ± 0.41 m/s. The mean volume of the glands was 7.97 ± 2.63 cm3. In the group of patients who had underwent radiation therapy (at least 35Gy), the mean value of the SWV was 2.24 ± 0.49 m/s centrally and 2.1 ± 0.58 m/s in the periphery on the left and 1.99 ± 0.5 m/s centrally and 2.21 ± 0.52 m/s in the periphery on the right. The mean value of all the measurements was 2.13 ± 0.52 m/s and the mean volume of the gland was 5.95 ± 4.16 cm3. CONCLUSIONS Elastography using ARFI technique is a valid examination in the evaluation of the normal and pathological submandibular gland stiffness. The values of the shear wave velocities that correspond to a normal stiffness, determined through the ARFI technique, are similar in the two glands. After cervical and facial radiation therapy the values of the SWV are increased, indicating a change in the consistency of the gland thus implying a structural transformation. The ARFI technique can be used in the evaluation of the salivary glands pathology.
Collection of Ph‐negative progenitor cells with granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia who respond to recombinant alpha‐interferon

This study aimed to demonstrate that sufficient Ph‐negative blood progenitors could be collected following administration of glycosylated rhG‐CSF (lenograstim) to patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) who responded to recombinant alpha‐interferon (α‐IFN) (Ph‐positive marrow metaphases < 35%). 23 patients received lenograstim (150 μg/m2) once daily for a median of 9 d. Peak circulating numbers of white blood cells (36.4 × 109/l), CD34+ cells (24/μl) and colony‐forming unit‐granulocyte‐macrophage (CFU‐GM; 1346.5/ml) occurred at a median of day 8, day 8 and day 7, respectively. Two to six (median three) leukaphereses (LK) were performed from days 5 to 12. The median number of mononuclear cells (MNC), CD34+ cells and CFU‐GM collected per patient was 7.35 × 108/kg, 2.72 × 106/kg and 10.23 × 104/kg, respectively. 22/23 patients had LK which contained either 104 CFU‐GM/kg and/or 106 CD34+ cells/kg; 47 LK (from 20/22 patients) were evaluable for cytogenetics. The median percentage of Ph‐positive cells was 0, and 43/47 LK (91%) contained < 35% Ph‐positive cells; 25 (53%) were entirely negative. Sixteen of 20 evaluable patients had one or more LK with < 35% Ph‐positive cells, and 12 had at least one 100% Ph‐negative LK. Mobilization and collection of Ph‐negative cells were not influenced by the dose or duration of α‐IFN administration before (or during) lenograstim administration or by the quality of cytogenetic response (complete v major) during lenograstim administration. No significant side‐effects were observed. Thus, lenograstim administration can result in satisfactory Ph‐negative blood progenitor cell collection. Autologous transplantation of such cells may be used when indicated.