Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENT open access clinic: an audit of a new service

Abstract Ear, nose and throat emergencies constitute a heavy but unpredictable workload for the junior otolaryngologist. Patients are often seen in the treatment room on the ward or in the casualty department. Many patients referred as emergencies can in fact be seen the following day without detriment. This audit examined the change in treatment room workload when an open access ENT clinic was set up each weekday morning. The results demonstrate that around 75 per cent of the patients seen were suitable for waiting until the next day. The clinic was considered a success as it provided benefits for GP access, routine clinics, junior doctor teaching and concentration of aural toilet cases under expert nurse care.
Identification of a Mutation in SLC30A2 (ZnT-2) in Women with Low Milk Zinc Concentration That Results in Transient Neonatal Zinc Deficiency*

Breast milk normally contains adequate zinc to meet infant requirements up to six months of age; however, transient neonatal zinc deficiency has been documented in exclusively breastfed infants of women with low milk zinc concentration. This condition is not corrected by maternal zinc supplementation, supporting the speculation that it results from an inherited genetic condition. We identified a family in which two exclusively breast-fed infants developed zinc deficiency that was associated with low milk zinc concentration in both women. Sequencing of genomic DNA detected a mis-sense mutation (Ade→Gua) that substitutes a conserved histidine at amino acid 54 with arginine (H54R) in SLC30A2 (ZnT-2) that is present in both affected subjects and several other siblings. Gene knockdown of SLC30A2 in mammary epithelial cells reduced zinc secretion, illustrating the role of ZnT-2 in zinc secretion from this cell type. Expression of the H54R mutant in human embryonic kidney-293 cells resulted in reduced zinc secretion as a consequence of perinuclear, aggresomal accumulation, whereas co-expression of the H54R mutant and wild-type ZnT-2 did not abrogate increased zinc secretion in cells overexpressing wild-type ZnT-2 alone. Together, these data provide evidence that low milk zinc concentration in some women is a consequence of a genetic disorder resulting from a mutation in SLC30A2 and can result in neonatal zinc deficiency if unrecognized. Further studies are needed to evaluate the incidence and penetrance of this mutation in the human population.
Postpartum health, service needs, and access to care experiences of immigrant and Canadian-born women.

OBJECTIVE To describe immigrant women's postpartum health, service needs, access to services, and service use during the first 4 weeks following hospital discharge compared to women born in Canada. DESIGN Data were collected as part of a larger cross-sectional study. SETTING Women were recruited from 5 hospitals purposefully selected to provide a diverse sample. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 1,250 women following vaginal delivery of a healthy infant; approximately 31% were born outside of Canada. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported health status, postpartum depression, postpartum needs, access to services, service use. RESULTS Immigrant women were significantly more likely than Canadian-born women to have low family incomes, low social support, poorer health, possible postpartum depression, learning needs that were unmet in hospital, and a need for financial assistance. However, they were less likely to be able to get financial aid, household help, and reassurance/support. There were no differences between groups in ability to get care for health concerns. CONCLUSIONS Health care professionals should attend not only to the basic postpartum health needs of immigrant women but also to their income and support needs by ensuring effective interventions and referral mechanisms.
RESPIRATION OF BASIDIOSPORES OF SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE

Niederpruem, Donald J. (Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis). Respiration of basidiospores of Schizophyllum commune. J. Bacteriol. 88:210–215. 1964. —The aerobic metabolism of basidiospores of the wood-rotting mushroom Schizophyllum commune was investigated by use of manometric techniques and specific respiratory poisons. Basal respiration was stimulated markedly by the uncoupling agent 2,4-dinitrophenol. This effect was pH-dependent and was sensitive to antimycin A. A positive periodic acid-Schiff reaction and a respiratory quotient (CO2/O2) of near unity pointed to carbohydrate as the endogenous substrate. Oxygen consumption was increased by sucrose, certain hexoses, d-xylose, acetate, and ethanol. Oxidative assimilation was evident with d-glucose and acetate. Glucose oxidation was inhibited by cyanide, azide, antimycin A, Atabrine, and phenylmercuric acetate. These data implicate cytochrome oxidase, b- and c-type cytochromes, flavoprotein, and essential sulfhydryl groups in basidiospore respiration.
Computing Methodologies Supporting the Preservation of Electroacoustic Music from Analog Magnetic Tape

Abstract Electroacoustic music on analog magnetic tape is characterized by several carrier-related specificities that must be considered when creating a copy for digital preservation. The tape recorder needs to be set to the correct speed and equalization, and the magnetic tape could have some intentional or unintentional alterations. During both the creation and the musicological analysis of a digital preservation copy, the quality of the work may be affected by human inattention. This article presents a methodology based on neural networks to recognize and classify the alterations of a magnetic tape from the video of the tape as it passes in front of the tape recorder's playback head. Furthermore, some machine-learning techniques have been tested to recognize a tape's equalization from its background noise. The encouraging results open the way to innovative tools able to unburden audio technicians and musicologists from repetitive tasks and to improve the quality of their work.
Passive fault-tolerant control of an octorotor using super-twisting algorithm: Theory and experiments

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Passive Fault-Tolerant Control (PFTC) strategy for a coaxial counter-rotating octorotor based on the Super-Twisting algorithm. This second-order sliding mode technique ensures robustness with respect to uncertainties and disturbances and is also able to deal directly with faults and failures by compensating the actuators loss in the system without prior knowledge on the fault, its location and its severity. The effectiveness of this PFTC is illustrated through real experimental application to a coaxial octorotor, where two motors failures are considered.
A universal design chart for linear time-invariant continuous-time and discrete-time compensators

Recently, design charts were given for various conventional compensators. In particular, a design chart was developed for the phase-lead-lag compensator to eliminate the trial-and-error nature of the design. In this paper, it is shown that a single universal design chart can be generated for all the various types of conventional compensators. This chart allows compensator parameters to be determined readily and is applicable to the design of both continuous-time and discrete-lime compensators. A detailed example is given to illustrate the use of the chart. This universal chart may be computerized for ease of design.
Ankle Sprains: Evaluation, Rehabilitation, and Prevention

Abstract Ankle sprains affect athletic populations at high rates. Athletes who suffer an ankle sprain frequently go on to develop persistent symptoms, resulting in significant resources spent toward treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention. A thorough clinical evaluation is necessary to ensure an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment prescription. This narrative review aims to present an approach to evaluation of high and low ankle sprains for athletes of all levels. The authors review the current evidence for ankle sprain treatment and rehabilitation. Strategies for prevention of recurrent sprains and return to play considerations also are discussed.
Expression of C‐fos‐like protein as a marker for neuronal activity following noxious stimulation in the rat

C‐fos is a proto‐oncogene that is expressed within some neurons following depolarization. The protein product, c‐fos protein, can be identified by immunohistochemical techniques. Therefore, c‐fos expression might be used as a marker for neuronal activity throughout the neuraxis following peripheral stimulation. This study has analyzed patterns of c‐fos expression in both control and anesthetized animals and in anesthetized rats subjected to various forms of peripheral stimulation. Labeled cells were counted in the spinal cord, brainstem, hypothalamus, and thalamus. Little c‐fos immunoreactivity was found in control animals. Prolonged inhalational anesthesia increased the number of labeled cells at several brainstem sites. Noxious stimulation of anesthetized rats induced c‐fos within the neuraxis in patterns consistent with data obtained from electrophysiological studies and in additional locations for which few direct electrophysiological data are available, such as the ventrolateral medulla, the posterior hypothalamic nucleus, and the reuniens and paraventricular thalamic nuclei. Gentle mechanical stimulation was ineffective in inducing c‐fos‐like protein. The data suggest that c‐fos can be used as a transynaptic marker for neuronal activity following noxious stimulation. However, c‐fos is expressed only in some kinds of neurons following peripheral stimulation, and it therefore may be an incomplete marker for nociresponsive activity. In addition, at least a few neurons express c‐fos protein in the absence of noxious stimulation. Experiments analyzing c‐fos expression must be designed with care, as both extraneous stimuli and anesthetic depth influence the results.
Role of Neutrophils in Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in the Preimplantation Mouse Uterus1

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in embryonal implantation processes such as trophoblast invasion and decidualization. The temporal and spatial distributions of MMP bioactivities were analyzed by in situ zymography, which indicated these activities to be markedly increased in the postcoital mouse uterus compared with those in the later implantation stage. Activity was ascribed to proMMP9, which moved from the uterine serosa to the endometrium but was not associated with mRNA up-regulation. The activity was colocalized with infiltrating neutrophils, and neutropenic mice did not exhibit MMP9 expression. Removing the seminal vesicles from male mice abolished the postcoital increase in MMP9 in the female. These results indicate the major MMP activity in the preimplantation uterus to originate in proMMP9-bearing neutrophils attracted by seminal plasma. Considering our results together with those of previous reports of reduced fertility in Mmp9-deficient female mice, we speculate that neutrophil infiltration participates in the extracellular matrix degradation needed to support pregnancy.
Anti–Interleukin‐2 receptor therapy in combination with mycophenolate mofetil is associated with more severe hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation

The pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) is poorly understood, but the cellular immune response is likely to have a major role. Daclizumab, an interleukin‐2 receptor (IL‐2R) antibody that blunts T‐cell activation, leading to a decreased risk for cellular rejection, is used frequently in transplant recipients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of daclizumab therapy on the incidence and severity of recurrent HCV. Forty‐one liver transplant recipients (21 patients, HCV positive; 20 patients, HCV negative) at high risk for neurological or renal complications of calcineurin inhibitors were administered daclizumab, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and steroids in the early post‐LT period, followed by tacrolimus and a steroid taper. All patients were followed up prospectively for graft function and disease recurrence with protocol liver biopsies day 7, month 4, and yearly. Compared with patients without HCV, patients with HCV administered daclizumab had greater 4‐month serum alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. These biochemical differences resolved by 12 months, except for persistent elevation of ALT levels. Compared with a well‐matched HCV control population, patients with HCV administered daclizumab were more likely to have an earlier onset of hepatitis, jaundice, and greater histological activity. Recurrent hepatitis progressed more rapidly in the daclizumab group; 45% developed advanced disease within 1 year. HCV viral load in the daclizumab group was significantly greater at both 4 months and 1 year. Results of this study suggest that the use of adjuvant IL‐2R antibodies in combination with MMF in the early peritransplantation period may be associated with early recurrence of hepatitis C and more rapid histological progression of disease.
Sphenoid Sinus Pneumatization, Septation, and the Internal Carotid Artery: A Computed Tomography Study

Background: The air spaces of the nasal cavity and the sphenoid sinus (SS) constitute a convenient corridor to access lesions of the skull base using the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETA). Safe EETA depends on the SS and skull base anatomy of the patient. Individual variations exist in the degree and pattern of SS pneumatization. This study aims to examine the variations in SS pneumatization, the inter-sphenoid septum (ISS), and their relationship with the internal carotid artery (ICA) among adult Nigerians. Materials and Methods: We reviewed computerized tomography (CT) images of 320 adult patients that had imaging for various indications. This excluded those with traumatic, inflammatory, or neoplastic process that may alter anatomical landmarks. The images were evaluated for the types of SS pneumatization, number and insertion of ISS, and the protrusion of ICA into the sinus cavity. Results: Prevalence of SS pneumatization types: 1.9% conchal, 1.2% presellar, 56.6% sellar, and 40.2% postsellar. The lateral extension of SS occurred into the pterygoid in 138 patients (45.1%), greater wing 112 (35%), lesser wing 37 (11.6%), the full lateral type was seen in 97 (30.3%) patients. One ISS occurred in 150 (46.9%) patients, 162 (50.6%) had multiple, and 8 (2.5%) had none. ISS insertion into ICA bony covering occurred in 101 (31.6%) patients, whereas protrusion of ICA into SS cavity occurred in 110 (34.4%) patients. Conclusion: Variations of the SS, ISS, and ICA anatomy are present among native Africans. Detailed imaging evaluation of each patient is considered for EETA is mandatory.
Diagnostic performance of computed tomography angiography in peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONTEXT Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is an increasingly attractive imaging modality for assessing lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of CTA compared with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in differentiating extent of disease in patients with PAD. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Search of MEDLINE (January 1966-August 2008), EMBASE (January 1980-August 2008), and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness for studies comparing CTA with intra-arterial DSA for PAD. Eligible studies compared multidetector CTA with intra-arterial DSA, included at least 10 patients with intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia, aimed to detect more than 50% stenosis or arterial occlusion, and presented either 2 x 2 or 3 x 3 contingency tables (< or = 50% stenosis vs > 50% stenosis or occlusion), or provided data allowing their construction. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers screened potential studies for inclusion and independently extracted study data. Methodological quality was assessed by using the QUADAS instrument. DATA SYNTHESIS Of 909 studies identified, 20 (2.2%) met the inclusion criteria. These 20 studies had a median sample size of 33 (range, 16-279) and included 957 patients, predominantly with intermittent claudication (68%). Methodological quality was moderate. Overall, the sensitivity of CTA for detecting more than 50% stenosis or occlusion was 95% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92%-97%) and specificity was 96% (95% CI, 93%-97%). Computed tomography angiography correctly identified occlusions in 94% of segments, the presence of more than 50% stenosis in 87% of segments, and absence of significant stenosis in 96% of segments. Overstaging occurred in 8% of segments and understaging in 15%. CONCLUSION Computed tomography angiography is an accurate modality to assess presence and extent of PAD in patients with intermittent claudication; however, methodological weaknesses of examined studies prevent definitive conclusions from these data.
Comparability of the Expanded WMS-III Standardization Protocol to the Published WMS-III Among Right and Left Temporal Lobectomy Patients

We examined whether differences between the expanded standardization protocol (SP) used to derive norms for the final published version (PB) of the Wechsler Memory Scale – Third Edition (WMS-III; Wechsler, 1997a) would result in differences on the Primary Indexes in a neurologic sample. Specifically, we examined the comparability of the performances of 63 patients with temporal lobectomy (TL) who were administered either the expanded SP protocol (n = 33: 22 left TL and 11 right TL) or the PB battery (n = 30: 11 left TL and 19 right TL). Patients who were administered the SP or PB were comparable in terms of age, sex, education, seizure duration, postsurgical seizure status, and Full Scale IQ. Postoperative intervals were significantly longer for the SP group, although correlational analyses demonstrated no significant relationship between postoperative follow-up interval and WMS-III performance. A series of t tests revealed no significant differences on any of the eight Primary Index scores between patients taking the two versions of the WMS-III for either left or right TL groups. Furthermore, repeated measures analyses of variance failed to show significant differences on modality-specific memory scores between the SP and PB for the left and right TL groups. The current study indicates that temporal lobectomy patients obtained comparable scores on the two versions of the WMS-III.
GPCR activation of Ras and PI 3 K c in neutrophils depends on PLC b 2 / b 3 and the RasGEF RasGRP

The molecular mechanisms by which receptors regulate the Ras Binding Domains of the PIP3-generating, class I PI3Ks remain poorly understood, despite their importance in a range of biological settings, including tumorigenesis, activation of neutrophils by pro-inflammatory mediators, chemotaxis of Dictyostelium and cell growth in Drosophila. We provide evidence that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can stimulate PLCb2/b3 and diacylglycerol-dependent activation of the RasGEF, RasGRP4 in neutrophils. The genetic loss of RasGRP4 phenocopies knock-in of a Ras-insensitive version of PI3Kc in its effects on PI3Kc-dependent PIP3 accumulation, PKB activation, chemokinesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. These results establish a new mechanism by which GPCRs can stimulate Ras, and the broadly important principle that PLCs can control activation of class I PI3Ks. The EMBO Journal (2012) 31, 3118–3129. doi:10.1038/ emboj.2012. 167; Published online 22 June 2012 Subject Categories: signal transduction; immunology
Olanzapine: an atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia

Olanzapine is a serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonist primarily used in the treatment of psychotic illnesses. It has been shown in numerous large trials to be as equally effective as haloperidol in the acute treatment and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia. However, olanzapine was shown to be more effective than haloperidol in the treatment of negative symptoms and to cause significantly fewer extrapyramidal symptoms. Furthermore, early reports suggest that olanzapine produces less tardive dyskinesia than haloperidol, though longer follow-up data are needed. Current studies have failed to demonstrate the efficacy of olanzapine in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. One comparison trial of olanzapine versus risperidone has indicated similar efficacy. Clinical trials in acute mania have found olanzapine to be more effective than placebo. However, there is no role for olanzapine monotherapy in bipolar disorder given current studies. Although olanzapine has shown a low rate of extrapyramidal symptoms, it is not without adverse effects. Clinically significant weight gain has been noted with olanzapine in each of the large clinical trials. The degree of weight gain is similar to clozapine and probably greater than that observed with risperidone. The long-term medical consequence of atypical antipsychotic-induced weight gain is not known at this time. While generally considered first-line drugs from an efficacy and adverse effect standpoint, pharmacoeconomic studies are needed to justify the large acquisition cost of olanzapine compared to typical agents.
Probing potassium in the atmosphere of HD 80606b with tunable filter transit spectrophotometry from the Gran Telescopio Canarias

We report observations of HD 80606 using the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Optical System for Imaging and low Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) tunable filter imager. We acquired very high precision, narrow-band photometry in four bandpasses around the K I absorption feature during the 2010 January transit of HD 80606b and during out-of-transit observations conducted in 2010 January and April. We obtained differential photometric precisions of ∼2.08 × 10 −4 for the in-transit flux ratio measured at 769.91 nm, which probes the K I line core. We find no significant difference in the in-transit flux ratio between observations at 768.76 and 769.91 nm. Yet, we find a difference of ∼8.09 ± 2.88 × 10 −4 between these observations and observations at a longer wavelength that probes the K I wing (777.36 nm). While the presence of red noise in the transit data has a non-negligible effect on the uncertainties in the flux ratio, the 777.36–769.91 nm colour during transit shows no effects from red noise and also indicates a significant colour change, with a mean value of ∼8.99 ± 0.62 × 10 −4 . This large change in the colour is equivalent to a ∼4.2 per cent change in the apparent planetary radius with wavelength, which is much larger than the atmospheric scaleheight. This implies the observations probed the atmosphere at very low pressures as well as a dramatic change in the pressure at which the slant optical depth reaches unity between ∼770 and 777 nm. We hypothesize that the excess absorption may be due to K I in a highspeed wind being driven from the exoplanet’s exosphere. We discuss the viability of this and alternative interpretations, including stellar limb darkening, star-spots and effects from Earth’s atmosphere. We strongly encourage follow-up observations of HD 80606b to confirm the signal measured here. Finally, we discuss the future prospects for exoplanet characterization using tunable filter spectrophotometry.