Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Cardiotonic Thiadiazinone Derivatives with Cardiac Troponin C (*)

The cardiotonic effects of thiadiazinone derivative EMD 57033 are mediated by direct actions on myofilaments (Lues, I., Beier, N., Jonas, R., Klockow, M., and Haeusler, G. J. (1993) Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 21, 883-892). Cardiac troponin C has been postulated to be a potential target of the drug (White, J., Lee, J. A., Shah, N., and Orchard, C. H.(1993) Circ. Res. 73, 61-70). This study tested whether EMD 57033 interacts directly with recombinant human cardiac TnC (hcTnC). EMD 57033 caused concentration-dependent quenching of tyrosine (Tyr) fluorescence of hcTnC in the presence of Ca2+ (100 μM) and little change of the fluorescence in the presence of Mg2+ (2 mM). Kd for the drug-hcTnC interaction in the presence of Ca2+, determined by Tyr fluorescence titrations, was approximately 40 μM. The binding of EMD 57033 was stereo-selective: the optical isomer of EMD 57033 bound hcTnC much more weakly. The Ca2+ dependence and stereo-selectivity of EMD 57033 binding were substantiated by a dialysis-based direct binding assay. EMD 57033 was found to interfere with Ca2+-dependent binding of hydrophobic probe 1,1′-bi-(4-anilino)naphthalene-5,5′-disulfonate (bis-ANS) to hcTnC. The relationships between [Ca2+] and Tyr fluorescence of hcTnC and between [Ca2+] and bis-ANS fluorescence in the presence of hcTnC were substantially altered by EMD 57033 in the range of [Ca2+] where Ca2+/Mg2+ sites of hcTnC were titrated by Ca2+. EMD 57033 was found to bind as tightly to 2 Ca2+·hcTnC as to 3 Ca2+·hcTnC. These observations were interpreted as indicating that a EMD 57033-binding site is induced by Ca2+ binding, but not Mg2+ binding, to the Ca2+/Mg2+ sites of hcTnC. The drug-binding site most likely resides in the carboxyl domain of hcTnC.
When is a search not a search? A comparison of searching the AMED complementary health database via EBSCOhost, OVID and DIALOG.

BACKGROUND The researchers involved in this study work at Exeter Health library and at the Complementary Medicine Unit, Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry (PCMD). Within this collaborative environment it is possible to access the electronic resources of three institutions. This includes access to AMED and other databases using different interfaces. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether searching different interfaces to the AMED allied health and complementary medicine database produced the same results when using identical search terms. METHODS The following Internet-based AMED interfaces were searched: DIALOG DataStar; EBSCOhost and OVID SP_UI01. 00.02. Search results from all three databases were saved in an endnote database to facilitate analysis. A checklist was also compiled comparing interface features. RESULTS In our initial search, DIALOG returned 29 hits, OVID 14 and Ebsco 8. If we assume that DIALOG returned 100% of potential hits, OVID initially returned only 48% of hits and EBSCOhost only 28%. In our search, a researcher using the Ebsco interface to carry out a simple search on AMED would miss over 70% of possible search hits. Subsequent EBSCOhost searches on different subjects failed to find between 21 and 86% of the hits retrieved using the same keywords via DIALOG DataStar. In two cases, the simple EBSCOhost search failed to find any of the results found via DIALOG DataStar. CONCLUSIONS Depending on the interface, the number of hits retrieved from the same database with the same simple search can vary dramatically. Some simple searches fail to retrieve a substantial percentage of citations. This may result in an uninformed literature review, research funding application or treatment intervention. In addition to ensuring that keywords, spelling and medical subject headings (MeSH) accurately reflect the nature of the search, database users should include wildcards and truncation and adapt their search strategy substantially to retrieve the maximum number of appropriate citations possible. Librarians should be aware of these differences when making purchasing decisions, carrying out literature searches and planning user education.
Sequential moderate coronary artery fistula and moderate coronary artery stenosis causing ischemia demonstrated by fractional flow reserve and relieved following percutaneous coronary intervention

Coronary artery fistulae are rare anomalous connections arising from the coronary circulation. We report a case of anterior wall myocardial ischemia caused by the combination of sequential coronary‐to‐pulmonary artery fistula and moderate (50–60%) stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Ischemia was demonstrated by myocardial stress perfusion imaging as well as fractional flow reserve. Percutaneous coronary intervention of the lesion resulted in resolution of ischemia. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethos, public choice, and referendum voting

A survey taken after a local transit funding referendum provided data about tax incidence, bus ridership, vote on the tax, and reasons for supporting or opposing the referendum. Contrary to public choice theory, many voters behaved in a selfless (public-regarding) rather than self-interested (private-regarding) way. The results also show a strong relationship between the reasons used to justify the vote (ethos) and wether respondents stood to gain (or lose) if the tax passed.
Antibody‐Mediated Microcirculation Injury Is the Major Cause of Late Kidney Transplant Failure

We studied the phenotype of late kidney graft failure in a prospective study of unselected kidney transplant biopsies taken for clinical indications. We analyzed histopathology, HLA antibodies and death‐censored graft survival in 234 consecutive biopsies from 173 patients, taken 6 days to 31 years posttransplant. Patients with late biopsies (>1 year) frequently displayed donor‐specific HLA antibody (particularly class II) and microcirculation changes, including glomerulitis, glomerulopathy, capillaritis, capillary multilayering and C4d staining. Grafts biopsied early rarely failed (1/68), whereas grafts biopsied late often progressed to failure (27/105) within 3 years. T‐cell‐mediated rejection and its lesions were not associated with an increased risk of failure after biopsy. In multivariable analysis, graft failure correlated with microcirculation inflammation and scarring, but C4d staining was not significant. When microcirculation changes and HLA antibody were used to define antibody‐mediated rejection, 17/27 (63%) of late kidney failures after biopsy were attributable to antibody‐mediated rejection, but many were C4d negative and missed by current diagnostic criteria. Glomerulonephritis accounted for 6/27 late losses, whereas T‐cell‐mediated rejection, drug toxicity and unexplained scarring were uncommon. The major cause of late kidney transplant failure is antibody‐mediated microcirculation injury, but detection of this phenotype requires new diagnostic criteria.
Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid and Dose Optimization in Children After Intestinal Transplantation

Background: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (MPS) is now commonly used in pediatric intestinal transplantation (Tx), but to date, no clear recommendations regarding the dosing regimen have been made in this population. The aim of this study was to determine the MMF/MPS dosage required to achieve an area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to 12 hours (AUC0–12) for mycophenolic acid (MPA) greater than 30 mg·h−1·L−1 in children after intestinal transplantation. Methods: A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in 8 children (median, 9.4 years; range, 0.75–15.8 years) at a median time of 113 months (range, 1.5–160 months) after intestinal transplantation. Results: MMF was initially introduced at a low median starting dose of 687 mg·m−2·d−1 (range, 310–1414 mg·m−2·d−1). One of the 3 patients who received MPS and 2 of the 6 patients who received MMF had an MPA AUC0–12 value below 30 mg.h. L−1. The median MMF dosage had to be increased by 91% (1319 mg·m−2·d−1 versus 687 mg·m−2·d−1) to reach AUC0–12 values above the defined target level of 30 mg·h−1·L−1. Conclusions: When used in combination with tacrolimus and steroids, an initial MMF dose of 600 mg/m2 twice a day would be recommended to children after intestinal transplantation to achieve MPA exposure similar to those observed in adults and children after the transplantation of other organs. Further studies are required to recommend a suitable dosage for pediatric intestinal transplant recipients who receive MPA.
Predictive validity of granulation tissue color measured by digital image analysis for deep pressure ulcer healing: a multicenter prospective cohort study

This multicenter prospective cohort study examined the predictive validity of granulation tissue color evaluated by digital image analysis for deep pressure ulcer healing. Ninety‐one patients with deep pressure ulcers were followed for 3 weeks. From a wound photograph taken at baseline, an image representing the granulation red index (GRI) was processed in which a redder color represented higher values. We calculated the average GRI over granulation tissue and the proportion of pixels exceeding the threshold intensity of 80 for the granulation tissue surface (%GRI80) and wound surface (%wound red index 80). In the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, most GRI parameters had adequate discriminative values for both improvement of the DESIGN‐R total score and wound closure. Ulcers were categorized by the obtained cutoff points of the average GRI (≤80, >80), %GRI80 (≤55, >55–80, >80%), and %wound red index 80 (≤25, >25–50, >50%). In the linear mixed model, higher classes for all GRI parameters showed significantly greater relative improvement in overall wound severity during the 3 weeks after adjustment for patient characteristics and wound locations. Assessment of granulation tissue color by digital image analysis will be useful as an objective monitoring tool for granulation tissue quality or surrogate outcomes of pressure ulcer healing.
Comparison of sexual compatibility in crosses between the southern and northern populations of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi

It is widely accepted that the genetic divergence and reproductive incompatibility between closely related species and/or populations is often viewed as an important step toward speciation. In this study, sexual compatibility in crosses between the southern XS population and the northern TA population of the polyandrous cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi was investigated by testing their mating preferences, mating latency, copulation duration, and reproductive performances of post‐mating. In choice mating experiments, the percentages of matings were significantly higher in intra‐population crosses than in inter‐population crosses. Both isolation index (I) and index of pair sexual isolation (IPSI) indicated partial mating incompatibility or assortative mating in crosses between the two different geographical populations. In single pair mating experiments, XS females in inter‐population crosses mated significantly later and copulated significantly shorter than those in intra‐population crosses. However, TA females in inter‐population crosses mated significantly earlier and copulated longer than those in intra‐population crosses, suggesting that larger XS males may enhance heterotypic mating. The lifetime fecundity was highest in XS homotypic matings, lowest in TA homotypic matings, and intermediate in heterotypic matings between their parents. The inter‐population crosses resulted in significantly lower egg hatching rate and shorter female longevity than intra‐population crosses. These results demonstrated that there exist some incompatibilities in premating, postmating‑prezygotic, and postzygotic stages between the southern XS population and northern TA population of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi.
Mean platelet volume (MPV) may simply predict the severity of sepsis in preterm infants.

BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of serial mean platelet volume (MPV) measurements in diagnosis and followup of sepsis and to compare its effectiveness with C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in sepsis. METHODS Preterm infants, whose gestational age and weight were matched to each other, were grouped as control (n = 100) and sepsis (n = 91). Platelet indices (MPV, PDW, platelet count), CRP, and IL-6 levels were measured for the control group and on the day of diagnosis (1st day), 3rd, and 7th days of the sepsis group. RESULTS There were significant differences between the control and sepsis group in terms of platelet count and MPV/PDW levels (p < 0.05). No significant changes were found in either platelet count or MPV and PDW of infants between early and late onset sepsis, nor between culture proven and non proven sepsis, nor among different infectious agents (gram positive/negative and fungal infections) (p > 0.05). Additionally, non-survivors with sepsis had higher levels of MPV and PDW during sepsis episodes on consecutive days (p < 0.05), in contrast to lower platelet counts in non-survivors (p < 0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation was found between MPV and IL-6 and CRP. A MPV value of 10.35 fL was identified as the cut off value in patients probably resulting in sepsis with a sensitivity of 97.8% and specificity of 78.7% (AUC = 0.949; p < 0.001), and a MPV value of 10.75 fL was determined as the cut off value in patients possibly resulting in death at diagnosis with a sensitivity of 95.2% and a specificity of 84.9% (AUC = 0.944; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The mean platelet volume can be used in addition to CRP and IL-6 at both diagnosis and follow-up of sepsis and the response of antimicrobial treatment.
Probing the location and function of the conserved histidine residue of phosphoglucose isomerase by using an active site directed inhibitor N‐bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate

Phosphoglucose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) catalyzes the interconversion of D‐glucopyranose‐6‐phosphate and D‐fructofuranose‐6‐phosphate by promoting an intrahydrogen transfer between C1 and C2. A conserved histidine exists throughout all phosphoglucose isomerases and was hypothesized to be the base catalyzing the isomerization reaction. In the present study, this conserved histidine, His311, of the enzyme from Bacillus stearothermophilus was subjected to mutational analysis, and the mutational effect on the inactivation kinetics by N‐bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate was investigated. The substitution of His311 with alanine, asparagine, or glutamine resulted in the decrease of activity, in kcat/KM, by a factor of 103, indicating the importance of this residue. N‐bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate inactivated irreversibly the activity of wild‐type phosphoglucose isomerase; however, His311 → Ala became resistant to this inhibitor, indicating that His311 is located in the active site and is responsible for the inactivation of the enzyme by this active site‐directed inhibitor. The pKa of His311 was estimated to be 6.31 according to the pH dependence of the inactivation. The proximity of this value with the pKa value of 6.35, determined from the pH dependence of kcat/KM supports a role of His311 as a general base in the catalysis.
The Influence of Social Norms on Advancement Through Bystander Stages for Preventing Interpersonal Violence

This research evaluates the impact of social norms on the advancement through the bystander stages toward prosocial (active) intervention in interpersonal violence (IPV): emotional abuse, physical violence, controlling behavior, sexual violence, and stalking. The influence of social norms on bystander behavior across stages and types of violence varies. Accurate social norms perceptions are associated with routine intervention, although social norms misperceptions are not always a strong deterrent to intervention. Interpretation of a violent situation as problematic predicts increased willingness to intervene. Implications for the development of social norms antiviolence campaigns and strategies for reducing barriers to prosocial intervention are discussed.
The Effect of External Debt on Real Economic Sector in Selected CESEE Countries

Previous studies indicated different results regarding the impact of external debt on economic growth in various countries. These different results may be due to the non-linear impact of external debt on real economic sector. The investigation of a non-linear and dynamic relationship can help governments make appropriate policies versus external debt. In this regard, this paper investigates the impact of external debt on real economic sector in selected countries from central, eastern and south-eastern Europe countries during the period 2000-2014. Investigation in this paper contributes to the literature by covering the non-linear and dynamic relationship to know whether external debt affects the real economic sector of selected CESEE countries. The results of the Generalized Method of Moments based on a dynamic panel data indicate that the impact of external debt on gross domestic product was negative and significant in mentioned countries. Therefore, external debt should be properly applied in which increase the investments with high rate of return. Our empirical findings send a warning about the need to keep the external debts under control.
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Measures of Myocardial Fibrosis to Foster Novel Therapeutics

Quantifying myocardial fibrosis (MF) with myocardial extracellular volume measures acquired during cardiovascular magnetic resonance promises to transform clinical care by advancing pathophysiologic understanding and fostering novel therapeutics. Extracellular volume quantifies MF by measuring the extracellular compartment depicted by the myocardial uptake of contrast relative to plasma. MF is a key domain of dysfunctional but viable myocardium among others (eg, microvascular dysfunction and cardiomyocyte/mitochondrial dysfunction). Although anatomically distinct, these domains may functionally interact. MF represents pathological remodeling in the heart associated with cardiac dysfunction and adverse outcomes likely mediated by interactions with the microvasculature and the cardiomyocyte. Reversal of MF improves key measures of cardiac dysfunction, so reversal of MF represents a likely mechanism for improved outcomes. Instead of characterizing the myocardium as homogenous tissue and using important yet still generic descriptors, such as thickness (hypertrophy) and function (diastolic or systolic), which lack mechanistic specificity, paradigms of cardiac disease have evolved to conceptualize myocardial disease and patient vulnerability based on the extent of disease involving its various compartments. Specifying myocardial compartmental involvement may then implicate cellular/molecular disease pathways for treatment and targeted pharmaceutical development and above all highlight the role of the cardiac-specific pathology in heart failure among myriad other changes in the heart and beyond. The cardiology community now requires phase 2 and 3 clinical trials to examine strategies for the regression/prevention of MF and eventually biomarkers to identify MF without reliance on cardiovascular magnetic resonance. It seems likely that efficacious antifibrotic therapy will improve outcomes, but definitive data are needed. (Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10:e005619. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.005619.)
Will They Take the Money and Work? People's Willingness to Delay Claiming Social Security Benefits for a Lump Sum

This article investigates whether exchanging Social Security delayed retirement credits, currently paid as increases in lifelong benefits, for a lump sum would induce later claiming and additional work. We show that people would voluntarily claim about 6 months later if the lump sum were paid for claiming after the early retirement age, and about 8 months later if the lump sum were paid only for those claiming after their full retirement age. Overall, people will work one-third to one-half of the additional months. Those who would currently claim at the youngest ages are most responsive to the lump sum offer.
Sensitivity of Indian Stock Market vis-à-vis Price Volume Relationship in the Backdrop of FII

This study aims to examine the changes in the dynamic relationship between return registered by stocks and trading volume because of the changes in the flow of Foreign Institutional Investments in the Indian stock market. Author has tested the relationship using daily data of S&P CNX Nifty (that is, NSE’s index) from 2000 to 2013 and methodologies described by Bollerslav (1986), Engle (1982) and Sims (1980), that is, Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) (1, 1), Exponential Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) (1, 1), Vector Autoregression (VAR), Granger causality, Variance Decomposition (VDC) and Impulse Response Function (IRF). The empirical analysis evidences the significant role of trading volume in lessening volatility and also adjudges the Indian stock market highly inefficient due to the presence of volatility persistence. In addition, VAR results document serial correlation between trading volume coefficients and its lagged values in case of all the subsamples that confirm the flow of information arrival sequential. Besides this, VDC and IRF results also assert that the amount of information contributed by stock return for the prediction of trading volume is far greater than the other way around and announce the study of stock return more useful in predicting the future kinetics of stock return as well as trading volume.
Biochemical markers of myocardial injury.

The ®rst account of the use of a biochemical marker in the study of myocardial injury was published by La Due and colleagues in the journal Science in 1954. They measured serum glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase activity from a few hours to up to 15 days in a group of patients immediately after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). They reported that enzyme activity increased above the reference range a few hours after AMI, reached a peak after 2 or 3 days, and then returned to baseline within a week. This work stimulated interest in the development of analytical procedures for other suitable marker proteins, and in their clinical applications. The development of assays for new marker proteins has contributed to a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease spectrum of acute coronary syndromes, helped in their de®nition and assisted in cardiac risk strati®cation.
Distribution of RF energy emitted by mobile phones in anatomical structures of the brain

The rapid worldwide increase in mobile phone use in the last decade has generated considerable interest in possible carcinogenic effects of radio frequency (RF). Because exposure to RF from phones is localized, if a risk exists it is likely to be greatest for tumours in regions with greatest energy absorption. The objective of the current paper was to characterize the spatial distribution of RF energy in the brain, using results of measurements made in two laboratories on 110 phones used in Europe or Japan. Most (97–99% depending on frequency) appears to be absorbed in the brain hemisphere on the side where the phone is used, mainly (50–60%) in the temporal lobe. The average relative SARSAR is the specific energy absorption rate i.e. energy absorption rate per unit mass (measured in W kg−1). is highest in the temporal lobe (6–15%, depending on frequency, of the spatial peak SAR in the most exposed region of the brain) and the cerebellum (2–10%) and decreases very rapidly with increasing depth, particularly at higher frequencies. The SAR distribution appears to be fairly similar across phone models, between older and newer phones and between phones with different antenna types and positions. Analyses of risk by location of tumour are therefore important for the interpretation of results of studies of brain tumours in relation to mobile phone use.