Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Docosahexaenoic acid in combination with celecoxib modulates HSP70 and p53 proteins in prostate cancer cells

The role of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and the mechanism by which it influences the development and behavior of prostate cancer is unclear. Selective COX‐2 inhibitors may be effective against prostate cancer via COX‐2‐independent mechanisms. But administration of high doses of COX‐2 inhibitors over longer period of time may not be devoid of side effects. There is increasing interest in using COX‐2 inhibitors in combination with other chemopreventive agents to overcome the issue of toxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their combined actions are not well understood. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the effects of low doses of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in combination with celecoxib on the molecular targets at the proteins level in rat prostate cancer cells. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, in combination with mass spectrometry analysis, was used for protein identification. Western blot analysis confirmed the proteins identified. Paraffin‐embedded tissue sections from the rat prostate tumor were used to detect base level expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and p53. The rate of cancer cell growth was inhibited more effectively (p < 0.01) by DHA in combination with celecoxib at lower doses (2.5 μM each). A total number of twelve proteins were differentially expressed by the combined action of DHA and celecoxib at low doses. It was interesting to note that these agents activated both HSP70 and p53 proteins. Activation of HSP70 by the combined actions of DHA and celecoxib in the presence of wild‐type p53 reveals a unique COX‐2 independent mode of action against prostate cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the Cognitive Basis of Observational Learning: Development of Mechanisms for the Detection and Correction of Errors

It has been proposed that observation of a model practising a motor skill results in the observer developing mechanisms for the detection and correction of errors that are similar to those acquired during physical practice. Results of a first experiment indicated that prior observation of a model permitted participants to estimate their errors as efficiently as those who had physically practised the task. Similarly, results of a second experiment indicated that observation of a model receiving biased knowledge of results during practice resulted in similarly biased reference and error detection/correction mechanisms for the observers and for the models. These results suggest that observation engages one in cognitive processes similar to those occurring during physical practice.
Exercise program effectiveness on physical fitness , metabolic profile and blood pressure of hypertensive patients

Background and objective: It has been shown that aerobic exercise is useful to reduce arterial pressure, however, the effectiveness of an exercise program is still controversial and not very well analyzed among populations with low-income. The objective of the present study was to set up an individualized physical fitness program – Projeto Hipertensão – focused on hypertensive people, patients from a Health Basic Unit (HBU) and, after that, to investigate the effects of this program on physical fitness, metabolic profile and pressure levels. Methods: Sixteen hypertensive women (56 ± 3yrs) under regular pharmacological treatment underwent 4 months of a supervised aerobic and stretching exercise program (3 sessions/wk, 90 min/session, 60% of VO2 max). Several physical and metabolic variables were compared before and after 4 months of training. Results: Training significantly reduced systolic arterial pressure (SAP, –6%), improved cardio-respiratory fitness (+42% of VO2max), flexibility (+11%) and plasma glucose content (–4%). BMI and % fat did not change. Besides modifying metabolic profile, it was found that training presented significant correlations between individual initial values of cholesterol total level (CT), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and its responses after exercise. Conclusions: The study shows that exercise programs can be personalized for hypertensive patients from a HBU and confirms the effectiveness of exercise on AP, physical fitness, flexibility and lipid profile on hypertensive patients. The expressive reduction of AP in hypertensive subjects suggests that this exercise intervention should be emphasized on other health centers which assist low-income population.
The Neuropsychological profile of patients with 3‐Methylglutaconic aciduria type III, Costeff syndrome

Costeff syndrome is a rare genetic neuro‐ophthalmological syndrome consisting of early‐onset bilateral optic atrophy along with a progressive complex motor disorder with elevated levels of urinary 3‐methylglutaconic acid and 3‐methylglutaric acid. While borderline to mild cognitive deficits have been considered to be common in patients with this syndrome, a comprehensive cognitive assessment has never been performed. The aim of the current study was to explore the cognitive profile associated with Costeff syndrome. Sixteen adult patients diagnosed with Costeff syndrome were administered a neuropsychological test battery that was composed of standardized verbal tests adapted for the blind. General intelligence ranged from average to borderline, with a group mean consistent with intact general cognitive functioning (VIQmean = 85, z = −1) in the low‐average range of the general population. The auditory immediate and delayed memory indexes were in the average range and were significantly higher than the general cognitive functioning, whereas the working memory index was significantly lower than the general cognitive functioning. Adult patients with Costeff syndrome have intact global cognition and learning abilities and strong auditory memory performance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of oral rehydration therapy in the treatment of childhood diarrhoea in Douala, Cameroon.

INTRODUCTION The use of oral rehydration solutions in our context remains limited. This study was conducted to analyze the rate of this use in Douala, Cameroon and thereby determine the factors associated with it. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was administered to parents of children aged five years and younger during a six-month study period. The studied variables focused on the socio-demographic data of the population, data on diarrhoea and its severity, data on oral rehydration salts (ORS), and data related to other interventions for diarrhoea. The chi-square test was used to qualify associations between variables, with the significance level being set at 5%. RESULTS Overall, 672 people agreed to participate in the study. Among them, 418 (62.2%) correctly defined diarrhoea. When their children develop diarrhoea, the majority of the parents (348, 51.8%) reported seeking hospital assistance before any intervention, while 225 parents (33.5%) preferred the use of ORS first. Four hundred seventy-five parents (70.7%) had heard of ORS and among them 313 (65.9%) had actually given ORS to their children as treatment during these children's most recent episodes of diarrhoea. Of the parents who had given their children ORS, 217 (69.3%) knew how to prepare it, and 122 (39.0%) knew how to administer it. One hundred thirty-five parents (20.1%) had administered metronidazole to treat their children's diarrhoea. The age of the children, the parents' level of education, and the number of children in the household significantly influenced the use or non-use of ORS (respectively, p < 0.001, p = 0.003 and p < 0.0001). Rehydration was correctly identified by 234 parents (34.8%) as the purpose of administering ORS. CONCLUSION The knowledge and the use of ORS in diarrhoea by the study sample was insufficient. The role of ORS was poorly known. Awareness campaigns can be carried out in order to improve the use of this effective intervention for diarrhoea.
How does cognitive reserve impact on the relationships between mood, rumination, and cognitive function in later life?

Objectives: Higher levels of cognitive reserve (CR) are associated with better cognitive function in later life. In contrast, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and rumination are associated with diminished cognitive function. There has been limited research to date examining the influence of CR on the relationship between mood and cognitive function, and results are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the role CR plays in the relationships between mood, rumination, and cognitive function in later life. Method: Two hundred and thirty-six healthy people aged 60+ completed measures of CR, depression, anxiety, rumination, recall, and verbal fluency. Participants were dichotomised at the median into those with lower and higher levels of CR. Results: CR, mood, and rumination together accounted for between 13% and 15.6% of the variance in scores on the cognitive tasks in the sample as a whole. Mood and rumination explained a significant amount of variance in cognitive test scores in those with lower levels of CR, but not in those with higher levels of CR. Conclusion: The way in which mood and rumination are related to cognitive function differs depending on the individual's level of CR. These results support the view that it is important to continue to build on CR as people move into later life in order to maintain cognitive health.
Factors Associated with Awareness and Knowledge of Cervical Cancer in a Community: Implication for Health Education Programmes in Developing Countries

An attempt has been made to study the correlates of knowledge of cervical cancer in a community. The survey undertaken is a part of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) study prior to initiation of cytological screening. Total women interviewed by KAP survey were 1411 selected through 2 stage stratified random sampling. Subjects for the present analysis consisted of a group of women who had reported previous gynaecological problems related to cervical cancer. The study brought out that younger women had better awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer and related information. Literacy status for education and exposure to family planning was influential in creating awareness about cervical cancer. Lastly, the earlier episodes of gynaecological problems, and treatment seeking behaviour lead to higher awareness (efforts may be made to innovate ways to reach older and illiterate women at risk of cervical cancer for better awareness in the community).
Assessment of the potential of growth factors for localized alveolar ridge augmentation: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To systematically assess the literature regarding the clinical, histological, and radiographic outcome of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2, BMP-7), growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) for localized alveolar ridge augmentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five separate Medline searches were performed in duplicate for human and animal studies, respectively. The primary outcome of the included studies was bone regeneration of localized alveolar ridge defects or craniofacial defects. RESULTS In six human studies, BMP-2 affected local bone augmentation with increasing volume for higher doses. A majority (43 of 45) of animal studies using BMP-2 showed a positive effect in favour of the growth factor (GF). In six of eight studies, a positive effect was associated with the use of BMP-7. Only one animal study was included for GDF-5 revealing statistically significantly higher bone volume. Regarding PDGF, statistically significantly higher bone volume was observed in five of 10 included studies. Four animal studies using PTH revealed statistically significantly more bone regeneration compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Differing levels and quantity of evidence were noted to be available for the GFs evaluated, revealing that BMP-2, BMP-7, GDF-5, PDGF, and PTH may stimulate local bone augmentation to various degrees. Human data for the potential of rhBMP-2 are supportive.
Core and paracores; some new chemoarchitectural entities in the mammalian neuraxis.

A study of the recent neuromorphological, neurophysiological and neuroethological literature, and data from the current research in our own laboratory have led us to a new classification of entities in the mammalian neuraxis. This classification comprises the core and the median and lateral paracores. The core of the neuraxis may be considered as a caudally extended limbic system. It extends throughout the central nervous system and, as its name implies, most of it is situated close to the ventricular cavity. This entity is characterized by the presence of (1) numerous diffuse grisea, (2) enormous amounts of thin, unmyelinated, varicose axons, many of which are arranged in diffuse fibre systems, (3) large numbers of different neuromediators, particularly neuropeptides, and (4) large numbers of neurons which concentrate estrogen and androgen hormones. Ethophysiological studies have shown that the core region contains numerous loci from which on stimulation quite characteristic behavioral patterns, like eating, drinking, fear, attack, reproductive behavior etc., can be elicited. The core region appears to be involved most directly in the organization of behavior and is of paramount importance for the regulation of processes aimed at the survival of the individual (organism) and of the species. The median and lateral paracores represent extensions of the core at the level of the brain stem. The median paracore includes the raphe nuclei, whereas the (bilateral) lateral paracore is constituted by a ventrolaterally extending lamella of tissue. Both paracores contain sets of monoaminergic cells giving rise to networks of fibres that pervade virtually all grisea of the neuraxis, i.e. the serotoninergic neurons in the median paracore and the catecholaminergic cells in the lateral paracore. The lateral paracore contains a series of grisea, including the substantia nigra, the ventral tegmental area, the nucleus reticularis parvocellularis, the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus and the catecholaminergic cell groups A1, A2, A5, A7 and C1 and C2. It harbours a large bundle of loosely arranged, thin fibres, which forms a direct caudal continuation of the hypothalamic medial forebrain bundle. This lateral paracore bundle contains numerous catecholaminergic and peptidergic fibres. Three typical core centres, viz. the nucleus centralis amygdalae, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the lateral hypothalamic area contribute substantially to this bundle. The lateral paracore contains, just like the core region, a large number of functionally defined centres related to integrated somatomotor and visceromotor responses. It is postulated that non-synaptic interneuron
Sleep, Sleepiness, and Fatigue Outcomes for Parents of Critically Ill Children

Objectives: To describe sleep quantity, sleep patterns, fatigue, and sleepiness for parents of critically ill hospitalized children. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Quaternary academic PICU. Participants: One hundred eighteen parents of 91 children recruited during their child’s PICU stay. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: For 5 days and nights, parents wore an actigraph to determine objective sleep-wake times and reported sleep location, level of fatigue (Fatigue Visual Analogue Scale), and sleepiness (Stanford Sleepiness Scale). Mean amounts of nocturnal sleep were less than recommended for optimal health (398 min, fathers vs 422 min, mothers; p = 0.04). Parents woke frequently (7.8 wakes, fathers; 7.2 wakes, mothers) and spent over an hour awake at night (65 min, fathers; 60 min, mothers). On 130 nights (26%), parents slept less than 6 hours and 209 nights (44%) were evaluated as “worse” sleep than usual. Fifty-four parents (53%) experienced more than 30% difference in minutes of sleep between consecutive nights. Mean morning fatigue levels (41 mm, fathers vs 46 mm, mothers; p = 0.03) indicated clinically significant fatigue. Sleeping in a hotel, parent room, or residence was associated with 3.2 more wakes per night (95% CI, 0.61–5.78; p = 0.015) than sleeping in a hospital lounge or waiting room. Conclusions: We performed a prospective observational study of 118 parents of critically ill children using objective measures of sleep and validated scales to assess fatigue and sleepiness. We found that more than a quarter of nights met criteria for acute sleep deprivation, there was considerable variability in the amount of nocturnal sleep that individual participants slept on different nights, and sleep was fragmented with a large portion of the night spent awake. Future research should focus on interventions that improve parents’ ability to return to sleep upon awakening and maintain regular sleep-wake schedules.
Evaluation of myocardial infarct size before and after reperfusion: dual-tracer imaging with radiolabeled antimyosin antibody.

UNLABELLED Antimyosin antibody is a specific marker of myocardial necrosis that is based on the loss of integrity of the sarcolemmal membrane. Because antimyosin can be labeled with several different radiotracers, gamma imaging performed with antimyosin labeled with two different radionuclides can be used to quantify infarct size before and after an intervention such as reperfusion. METHODS Twelve open-chested anesthetized dogs were evaluated both at the end of 1.5 hr of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and following reperfusion. Antimyosin Fab radiolabeled with either 123I or 111In was injected by intracoronary administration over 3 min at the end of the occlusion interval, and the coronary sinus was drained continuously for 7 min to prevent recirculation of the antibody. One hour after reperfusion, a second injection of antimyosin Fab (labeled with a different isotope from the first) was administered as before. Six dogs were given intracoronary trifluoperazine (150 micrograms/kg of body weight) simultaneously with reperfusion, and another six dogs received saline as the control. The infarct size in grams before and after reperfusion was assessed by antimyosin antibody uptake in ex vivo images of 1-cm thick slices of the hearts. The mean infarct sizes before (W1) and after (W2) reperfusion were then calculated as the percent of infarcted myocardium/ventricular myocardial mass. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the mean percent infarct size after reperfusion in the control group (W2 = 16.73 +/- 4.0, W1 = 14.92 +/- 3.88; p = 0.029). The mean infarct size was uniformly smaller with trifluoperazine intervention (W2 = 12.33 +/- 2.03, W1 = 16.34 +/- 2.78; p = 0.004). The difference between the mean change in the infarct sizes in the two groups was highly significant (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Dual imaging of the extent of myocardial necrosis before and after an intervention (reperfusion) in the same animal demonstrated the utility of antimyosin imaging to document changes in the extent of necrosis.
Memory Aging Knowledge and Memory Self-Appraisal in Younger and Older Adults

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among memory aging knowledge and memory self-appraisal in college students and community-dwelling older adults. Participants completed the Knowledge of Memory Aging Questionnaire ([KMAQ] Cherry, Brigman, Hawley, & Reese, 2003) and the Memory Functioning Questionnaire ([MFQ] Gilewski, Zelinski, & Schaie, 1990). We hypothesized that poorer performance on the KMAQ stereotype scale, suggesting an ageist response bias, would be associated with more negative self-appraisals of memory. Results confirmed that responses on the KMAQ stereotype scale were significantly associated with responses on the MFQ Frequency of Forgetting scale and two shorter scales derived from the full MFQ, the memory self-efficacy scale (Zelinski & Gilewski, 2004), and a revised Seriousness of Forgetting scale after controlling for age and educational level. Implications of these findings for the development of instructional materials to improve memory aging knowledge and memory self-appraisal in adulthood are discussed.
The protein kinase C‐mediated MAP kinase pathway involved in the maintenance of cellular integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Signal transduction mediated by the single yeast isozyme of protein kinase C (Pkc1p) is essential for the maintenance of cellular integrity in this model eukaryote. The past few years have seen a dramatic increase in our knowledge of the upstream regulatory factors that modulate Pkc1p activity (e.g. Tor2p, Rom1p, Rom2p, Rho1p, Slg1p, Mid2p) and of the downstream targets of the MAP kinase cascade triggered by it (e.g. Rlm1p, SBF complex). The picture that has emerged connects this pathway to a variety of other cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression (Cdc28p, Swi4p), mating (Ste20p), nutrient sensing (Ira1p), calcium homeostasis (calcineurin, Mid2p, Fks2p) and the structural dynamics of the cytoskeleton (Spa1p, Bni1p).
Does personalization matter? The role of social cues in instructional explanations

Personalization (i.e., addressing the learner personally by the formulation of instructional explanations) is an important motivational factor when learning with animations in computer-based settings [111. We analyzed this method by teaching the complex subject of the circulatory system in a computer-based learning environment with narrated graphics lasting approximately 12 min. We experimentally compared three conditions (n = 59 students) that differed with respect to whether and how the narrations were personalized: (1) formal text using third-person constructions, (2) weak personalized text using the pronouns "you" and "1" and their associated possessive forms rather than the third-person constructions, and (3) strong personalized text that included the weak personalization and additional direct comments to the learner. We found that personalization fostered the acquisition of transfer knowledge compared to the formal control condition, but retention performance was not affected. The variation of the intensity of personalization, however, had no influence on learning outcome. The groups also did not differ in their acceptance of the learning environment.
The antibody response to 27-, 17-, and 15-kDa Cryptosporidium antigens following experimental infection in humans.

Previous studies have suggested that persons infected with Cryptosporidium parvum develop antibody responses to 27-, 17-, and 15-kDa C. parvum antigens. Studies of volunteers infected with Cryptosporidium species provided an opportunity to evaluate the relationship between antibody reactivity to these antigens and infection outcome. As monitored by immunoblot, increases in specific antibody reactivity were more prevalent among volunteers who developed signs and symptoms of cryptosporidiosis (n = 11) than among asymptomatic infected (n = 7; P = .05) or oocyst-negative volunteers (n = 11; P = .02). Volunteers with preexisting IgG antibody to the 27-kDa antigen excreted fewer oocysts than volunteers without this antibody (P = .003). IgG reactivity to the 17-kDa antigens and IgM reactivity to the 27-kDa antigens were higher at day 0 for asymptomatic infected persons than for those who developed symptoms (P = .03 and P = .04, respectively). These results suggest that characteristic antibody responses develop following C. parvum infection and that persons with preexisting antibodies may be less likely to develop illness.