Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Very Low-Programming-Current RRAM With Self-Rectifying Characteristics

To resolve the sneak leakage problem and reduce the power consumption in crossbar RRAM arrays, a Cu/Al2O3/aSi/Ta cell with self-rectifying characteristics is developed. The cell exhibits low operating current (~nA), high ON/OFF ratios (>100×), and pronounced nonlinearity. The use of low-programming-current RRAM elements avoids the current-driving capability bottleneck of selectors, while the integrated rectifying layer improves the RRAM operation reliability. Endurance of over 500 cycles with ~100 ON/OFF ratio was achieved without external current compliance. Even at such low programming levels, retention over 104 s at 100 °C can still be obtained.
Alcohol intake and future incidence of hypertension in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study.

BACKGROUND The question remains as to whether light to moderate alcohol intake is associated with an increased risk of hypertension. METHODS In 1978, a total of 1101 residents (433 men and 668 women) in a subrural community, Hisayama, in Japan, aged 40 years or more, with normal blood pressure, who were free from cardiovascular disease, were enrolled in a 10-year follow-up study. Inquiries regarding regular drinking were made in an interview based on a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS During the follow-up, 101 men and 166 women developed hypertension (blood pressure > or =140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive drugs). The age-adjusted incidence of hypertension among current male drinkers increased significantly even with a light intake of alcohol (<23 g of ethanol per day). In women, the incidence was also significantly higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers. In multivariate analysis, alcohol intake, in addition to age and body mass index, remained a significant independent risk factor for hypertension in men, but not in women. In men, all three categories of current drinking were found to be significant risk factors for the development of hypertension after adjustment for age and body mass index [relative risk (RR), 2.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-3.76 for light drinking compared with nondrinking; RR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.50-4.49 for moderate drinking (23-45 g per day); and RR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.26-3.99 for heavy drinking (> or =46 g/day)]. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that alcohol intake, even light drinking, is a predictor of future hypertension among Japanese men.
Influence of magnetic permeability on dispersion diagrams of a parallel-plate waveguide built with metamaterials

A homogeneous dielectric filled parallel-plate waveguide (PPW) with one metallic wall replaced by a metamaterial is considered. The dispersion diagram (DD) featuring the band structure, calculated by electromagnetic simulation, is used to investigate on the effects of the replacement of one of the dielectric materials entering into the composition of the PPW by one presenting magnetic properties. The reported results relative to the variation of the DD versus the magnetic permeability indicates a strong frequency variation of the position of the first band-gap and of the band-gaps widths. The large dynamic allows efficient application of dispersion engineering targeting advanced applications.
What the subsistence marketplaces stream is really about: Beginning with micro-level understanding and being bottom-up

ABSTRACT This commentary reiterates the essence of the subsistence marketplaces stream in light of the focal paper. The subsistence marketplaces stream provides a granular, micro-level understanding of the intersection of poverty and marketplaces. The term ‘subsistence marketplaces’ was deliberately coined to keep the focus on preexisting marketplaces to learn from in order to design solutions for all contexts. Such marketplaces should be studied in their own right, and not as a means to a preconceived end, whether it be for outside companies or government policy and so forth. We study subsistence marketplaces inside-out rather than outside-in – beginning at the micro level and being bottom-up in deriving implications for many sectors of society. We traverse a journey which is in the opposite direction to beginning with ideological lenses, wherein we have developed an ecosystem of research, forums, curricular innovations and community outreach.
Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

Abstract Adult lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in predominantly adolescent and young adult men. Lymphoblastic lymphoma is rare, accounting for 1% to 2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas and is of T-cell phenotype in 90% of cases. Lymphoblastic lymphoma is morphologically indistinct from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Both express their lineage-specific markers as well as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. The differences are often made on clinical grounds. Lymphoblastic lymphoma is characterized by a predominantly nodal distribution of disease, often with a large mediastinal mass. Patients with less than 25% bone marrow involvement have typically been categorized as LBL rather than ALL, although this has not been applied consistently in the literature. Gene expression studies have identified differences in gene expression, with LBL expressing higher levels of genes associated with cytoskeleton, adhesion, angiogenesis, and chemotaxis than ALL. Although LBL and ALL can be distinct clinically, chemotherapy strategies are often very similar. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimens, which incorporate intensive multidrug induction, consolidation, delayed intensification, and maintenance, have been shown to be superior to standard lymphoma regimens. As central nervous system (CNS) relapse is common, CNS prophylaxis with high-dose chemotherapy and intrathecal therapy is also standard. The prophylactic use of CNS irradiation has declined with the introduction of chemotherapy regimens incorporating high doses of CNS-penetrating drugs such as cytarabine and methotrexate. The use of consolidative radiation to the mediastinum remains uncertain. High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous or allogeneic transplantation as consolidation for patients in CR1 is controversial with modern intensive chemotherapy regimens, although transplantation has a proven role in the relapse setting.
PAD combination therapy (PS‐341/bortezomib, doxorubicin and dexamethasone) for previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma

Bortezomib (formerly PS‐341) has significant activity in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM), its efficacy is increased with the addition of dexamethasone and it demonstrates synergy with doxorubicin, thus providing the rationale for combination therapy with bortezomib, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (PAD). Patients with untreated MM received four 21‐d cycles of PAD, comprising bortezomib 1·3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8 and 11, along with dexamethasone 40 mg on days 1–4, 8–11 and 15–18 during cycle 1 and days 1–4 during cycles 2–4. During days 1–4, patients also received 0, 4·5 or 9 mg/m2 of doxorubicin at dose levels 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Following peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection, patients received high‐dose melphalan (MEL200) with PBSC transplantation (PBSCT). After PAD induction alone, 20 of 21 patients (95%) achieved at least a partial response (PR), including complete response (CR) in five patients (24%). Twenty of 21 had PBSC mobilized, and 18 of 20 received MEL200/PBSCT. In an intention‐to‐treat analysis, response rates were: CR 43%, near CR 14%, very good PR 24%, PR 14% and stable disease 5%. PAD was effective, did not prejudice subsequent PBSC collection, and should be further evaluated in prospective randomized trials.
Stabilization of lignin peroxidases in white rot fungi by tryptophan

Supplementation of various cultures of white rot fungi with tryptophan was found to have a large stimulatory effect on lignin peroxidase activity levels. This enhancement was greater than that observed in the presence of the lignin peroxidase recycling agent veratryl alcohol. Using reverse transcription-PCR, we found that tryptophan does not act to induce lignin peroxidase expression at the level of gene transcription. Instead, the activity enhancement observed is likely to result from the protective effect of tryptophan against H2O2 inactivation. In experiments using a partially purified lignin peroxidase preparation, tryptophan and its derivative indole were determined to function in the same way as veratryl alcohol in converting compound II, an oxidized form of lignin peroxidase, to ferric enzyme, thereby completing the catalytic cycle. Furthermore, tryptophan was found to be a better substrate for lignin peroxidase than veratryl alcohol. Inclusion of either tryptophan or indole enhanced the oxidation of the azo dyes methyl orange and Eriochrome blue black. Stimulation of azo dye oxidations by veratryl alcohol has previously been shown to be due to its enzyme recycling function. Our data allow us to propose that tryptophan stabilizes lignin peroxidase by acting as a reductant for the enzyme.
Sleep abnormalities in schizophrenia: pathophysiological significance

Psychological Medicine / Volume 23 / Issue 04 / November 1993, pp 831 835 DOI: 10.1017/S0033291700026313, Published online: 09 July 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge. org/abstract_S0033291700026313 How to cite this article: M. S. Keshavan and R. Tandon (1993). Sleep abnormalities in schizophrenia: pathophysiological signicance. Psychological Medicine, 23, pp 831-835 doi:10.1017/S0033291700026313 Request Permissions : Click here
Reliability Evaluation of a Hybrid Flow-Shop With Stochastic Capacity Within a Time Constraint

For a hybrid flow shop (HFS), due to the maintenance, partial failure, and possibility of failure, the number of machines at a workstation presents multiple levels, meaning that capacity of each workstation is stochastic. This study considers the stochastic capacity of each workstation and proposes a performance index based on system reliability to measure the probability that the HFS can complete demand d within time constraint T. The HFS is modeled as a stochastic-flow network, in which each arc is regarded as a workstation with stochastic capacity and each node as a buffer. An algorithm is then developed to find the lower capacity vectors that satisfy (d, T) and system reliability is evaluated. In addition, a practical example of an IC card manufacturing system is utilized to illustrate the proposed algorithm and show that such an index can provide enough information for managers to make decisions.
Emotional Health Predicts Pain and Function After Fusion: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Study Design. Prospective. Objectives. To assess whether patients with poorer emotional health before fusion surgery will have worse pain and function after surgery, and to identify patient variables that predict fusion outcomes. Summary of Background Data. A systematic review of fusion outcomes studies reported an average of 68% “satisfactory” outcomes. The persistence of pain and functional limitations leads to emotional and financial costs. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that affect fusion outcome. Research has explored psychosocial factors (e.g., depression, anxiety) as being important outcome predictors. Methods. Data from subjects enrolled in a multisite trial of 2 fusion systems were analyzed. Subjects completed measures of health-related quality of life (SF-36), pain (visual analog scale), and function (Oswestry Disability Index). A total of 160 subjects completed measures before fusion, 155 completed measures 12 months after fusion, and 115 completed measures 24 months after fusion. Subject variables (i.e., age, gender, smoking, workers' compensation, and second surgery status) and presurgical pain/function were regressed on pain/function outcomes after surgery. This model was compared to one that included presurgical Mental Component Scores (MCSs), which is a SF-36 derived measure of emotional health, to determine whether MCS data significantly improved the prediction of pain/function. Results. Higher presurgical MCS (i.e., better emotional health) predicted less back and leg pain after surgery. Similarly, higher presurgical MCS predicted better physical function after surgery. Other important predictors of pain and function were presurgical pain and function, workers' compensation, and smoking status. The associations were modest (2% to 9% of independent variance accounted for), but significant. Conclusions. Presurgical emotional status is one significant predictor of pain and function outcomes up to 2 years after fusion. Other significant predictors included workers' compensation status, smoking status, and presurgical pain/function. Studies to identify and intervenewith patients with poorer emotional status will clarify whether presurgical mental health intervention can improve pain and function outcomes after surgery or whether these patients are not candidates for surgery.
Patient outcomes after vestibular schwannoma management: a prospective comparison of microsurgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery.

OBJECTIVE The best management for patients with small- to medium-sized vestibular schwannomas (VS) is controversial. METHODS : A prospective cohort study of 82 patients with unilateral, unoperated VS less than 3 cm undergoing surgical resection (n = 36) or radiosurgery (n = 46). Patients undergoing resection were younger (48.2 yr versus 53.9 yr, P = 0.03). The groups were similar with regard to hearing loss, associated symptoms, and tumor size. The mean follow-up period was 42 months (range, 12-62 mo). RESULTS Normal facial movement and preservation of serviceable hearing was more frequent in the radiosurgical group at 3 months (P < 0.001), 1 year (P < 0.001), and at the last follow-up examination (P < 0.01) compared with the surgical resection group. Patients undergoing surgical resection had a significant decline in the following subscales of the Health Status Questionnaire 3 months after surgery: physical functioning (P = 0.006), role-physical (P < 0.001), energy/fatigue (P = 0.02), and overall physical component (P = 0.004). Patients in the surgical resection group continued to have a significant decline in the physical functioning (P = 0.04) and bodily pain (P = 0.04) subscales at 1 year and in bodily pain (P = 0.02) at the last follow-up examination. The radiosurgical group had no decline on any component of the Health Status Questionnaire after the procedure. The radiosurgical group had lower mean Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores (16.5 versus 8.4, P = 0.02) at the last follow-up examination. There was no difference in tumor control (100 versus 96%, P = 0.50). CONCLUSION Early outcomes were better for VS patients undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery compared with surgical resection (Level 2 evidence). Unless long-term follow-up evaluation shows frequent tumor progression at currently used radiation doses, radiosurgery should be considered the best management strategy for the majority of VS patients.
Influence of employee volunteering on brand commitment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of corporate volunteering on employee bonding and to understand the barriers and motivation to participation in these events. In contrast to other studies the participants volunteer in their spare time without expecting any financial reward. Design/methodology/approach – Employees (n 3951) of a logistic company participated in the study based on an online questionnaire with 6 items and open questions. The employee sample was divided into 3 groups depending on the frequency of participation in volunteering events. Findings – Significant differences were found on bonding between the three groups. In addition, the relevance of control variables like gender, age and job level were obtained. Furthermore a moderation effect of motivation was found. The results were interpreted within the broader context that ties motivation theory, organizational identification and social exchange theory.
Why Do We Gesture When We Speak?

This is a pre-editing version of a paper published as: Krauss, R.M. (1998). Why do we gesture when we speak? Current Directions in Psychological Science 7, 54-59. Students of human nature traditionally have considered conversational gestures—unplanned, articulate hand movements that accompany spontaneous speech— to be a medium for conveying semantic information, the visual counterpart of words. 2 Over a century ago, Sir Francis Bacon put the relationship of gesture and language in the form of a simple analogy: "As the tongue speaketh to the ear, so the gesture speaketh to the eye" (Bacon, 1891). Although the extent to which gestures serve a communicative function is presently a matter of some controversy, 3 there is accumulating evidence that communication is not the only function such gestures serve. Over the past several years my colleagues and I have explored the hypothesis, casually suggested by a remarkably diverse group of writers over the past 60 years, that gestures help speakers formulate coherent speech by aiding in the retrieval of elusive words from lexical memory. How might gesturing affect lexical retrieval? Human memory employs several different formats to represent knowledge, and much of the content of prefer to call them motor gestures (simple, brief, repetitive, movements, that are coordinated with the speech prosody and bear no obvious relation to the semantic content of the accompanying speech) and what I call lexical gestures (hand movements that vary considerably in length, are nonrepetitive, complex and changing in form, and, to a naive observer at least, appear related to the semantic content of the speech they accompany). It is the latter type that is the focus of the work reported here. Conversational gestures should be distinguished from the stereotyped hand configurations and movements with specific, conventionalized meanings (e.g. the "thumbs up" sign) that are referred to as symbolic gestures or emblems. Such gestures often are used to substitute for speech, and clearly serve a communicative function. -3-memory is multiply encoded in more than one representational format. When a concept is activated in one format, it is assumed to activate related concepts in other formats. Our conjecture is that lexical gestures reflect spatio-dynamic features of concepts, and that they participate in lexical retrieval by a process of cross-modal priming. Evidence for a lexical function of gesture can be found in four kinds of data: (1) differences in the gestures that accompany rehearsed and spontaneous speech; (2) the temporal relation …
Influence Costs, Structural Inertia, and Organizational Change

This paper builds an economic model of the relationship between influence activity and resistance to change in organizations. I show that influence activity can create harmful barriers to change and that the influence costs of change are positively related to the firm's prospects. The model rationalizes the widely held view that firms often must endure a survival-threatening crisis before meaningful change can be achieved. I show that employees' choices of whether to engage in influence activity can depend on their beliefs as to whether the firm will choose to change its organizational form. If employees expect change, their best response is to try to affect the form of the change in their favor. Copyright (c) 1998 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Combined 5‐fluorouracil and recombinant alpha‐2A‐interferon vs. 5‐fluorouracil alone in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: A multicenter randomized study

The medical treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma is still considered a major challenge for clinical oncologists. To date, among alogenated pyrimidines, 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) remains the most active chemotherapeutic agent in advanced colorectal carcinoma, even though it induces only a 15% overall objective response rate with no improvement in survival [Davis, 1982; Schein and Levin, 1985; Cohen et al., 19891. The failure to improve the outcome of patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma prompted investigators to evaluate newer strategies to increase 5-FU therapeutic effectiveness, such as the biochemical modulation of 5-FU by folinic acid (FA) [Machover et al., 19821, the use of sequential methotrexate with 5-FU [Benz et al., 19851, and thymidine plus 5-FU [Kirkwood et al., 19801. The association of 5-FU and FA (FAIS-FU) had initially raised a big interest among most oncologists because for the first time there was the possibility of obtaining a mean response rate of about 31% (range 1545%) [Machover et al., 1986; Arbuck, 19891. However, several phase 111 studies have subsequently led to somewhat disappointing results. In fact, if one analyzes the results reported in the nine published phase 111 studies [Doroshow et al., 1987; Petrelli et a]. , 1987, 1989; Erlichman et al., 1988; Nobile et al., 1988; Di Costanzo et al., 1989; La Bianca et al., 1989; Poon et al., 1989; Valone et al., 19891 in which FA/S-FU was compared with 5-FU alone, it is possible to note that trials showed a statistically significant advantage in terms of response rate for the FN5-FU arm, but only two trials reported a significant advantage in survival [Erlichman et al., 1988; Poon et al., 19891. Di Costanzo et al. [ 19891 and Valone et al. [1989] failed to show an advantage in either case beween the two arms of treatment. Moreover, as expected, a more severe gastrointestinal toxicity was recorded in the FA/5-FU arm.
Comparison of fortimicins with other aminoglycosides and effects on bacterial ribosome and protein synthesis

Fortimicins are bicyclic aminoglycoside antibiotics that contain a fortamine moiety instead of the deoxystreptamine found in other aminoglysides. Fortimicin A had a bactericidal effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis and was found to inhibit protein synthesis in vivo. In vitro, fortimicin A inhibited polyuridylic acid-directed phenylalanine polymerization and induced misreading, as shown by leucine incorporation. In contrast, fortimicin B had no effect on either polymerization or misreading. In assays programmed with natural mRNA, only a weak polymerization inhibition effect was observed with fortimicin A, whereas a strong stimulation was seen in the presence of fortimicin B. Both fortimicins A and B inhibited dissociation of 70S ribosomes into their subunits and neither was able to displace [3H]dihydrostreptomycin, [3H]tobramycin, or [3H]gentamicin from their respective binding sites on the 70S particle.