Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enuresis Prevalence and Accompanying Factors in Schoolchildren: A Questionnaire Study from Southeast Anatolia

Introduction: The aims of this study were to establish the prevalence of enuresis, to determine accompanying factors, and to identify common methods in the management of enuresis in Turkish children aged between 6 and 11 years living in eastern Anatolia. Methods: The parents of 3,527 schoolchildren aged between 6 and 11 years completed a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire asked about sociodemographic data, enuresis data, physical or psychological disorders, and family stressors. Descriptive statistics and χ2 test were used for data analysis. Results: The response rate was 88%. The overall prevalence of reported enuresis was 12.96%, and the prevalence of marked enuresis (at least weekly) was 9.8%. Enuresis was notably more common in boys (male:female ratio 1.6), and the prevalence rates decreased by age without gender bias. Of all enuretic children, 21% had also daytime bed-wetting. The rate of a positive family history was 42% for siblings only and 66% for the other family members. Significantly more of the dry children woke up spontaneously at night to void as compared with the enuretic children (p < 0.001). The parental concern level was not high, and only 15% of the children visited a physician for the management of enuresis. Low socioeconomic status, unfavorable perinatal or postnatal history, and unsatisfactory familial characteristics were significantly more frequent in the enuretic group (p < 0.05). The enuretic children had also higher rates of poor school performance and poor social adaptation as compared with nonenuretic children (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that the prevalence of enuresis in eastern Anatolia is similar to that reported from western Anatolia and from most other countries. Turkish families did not report a high-level concern about enuresis, and the problem was managed primarily within the family.
Changes in DNA secondary structure after x-irradiation.

The effect of x-radiation on DNA in solution was investigated. No detectable amounts of denatured DNA were found in DNA samples irradiated with low doses of radiation (at least up to 0.5 eV/P) either by means of pulse-polarographic method or by a phosphodiesterase specifically splitting denatured DNA. Changes in the properties of DNA solutions irradiated with these doses of radiation give evidence of only a local opening of the DNA molecule. The resulting intermediate DNA is preferentially formed where irradiation has induced chemical damage (e.g., in the vicinity of the single-strand breaks). Small amounts of denatured DNA appeared in x-irradiated DNA after heating the sample to submelting temperatures.
Standard Giemsa C-banded karyotype of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) and its use in identification of a deletion-translocation heterozygote.

Ten accessions of Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski (2n = 2x = 14; NsNs), collected from different geographical regions were analyzed using the C-banding technique. C-banding pattern polymorphisms were observed at all levels, i.e., within homologous chromosome pairs of the same plant, among different individuals within accessions, between different accessions of the same geographic area, and among accessions of different origins. The seven homologous groups varied in the level of C-banding pattern polymorphism; chromosomes A, B, E, and F were more variable than chromosomes C, D, and G. The polymorphisms did not hamper chromosome identification in Ps. juncea, because each chromosome pair of the Ns genome had a different basic C-banding pattern and karyotypic character. A standard C-banded karyotype of Ps. juncea is proposed based on the overall karyotypes and C-bands in the 10 accessions. The C-bands on the Ns-genome chromosomes were designated according to the rules of nomenclature used in wheat. A deletion-translocation heterozygote of Russian wildrye was identified based on the karyotype and C-banding patterns established. The chromosome F pair consisted of a chromosome having the distal segment in the long arm deleted and a translocated chromosome having the distal segment of long arm replaced by the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome E. The chromosome E pair had a normal chromosome E and a translocated chromosome having the short arm and the proximal segment of the long arm of chromosome E and the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome F.
Breakfast and Breakfast Cereal Choice and Its Impact on Nutrient and Sugar Intakes and Anthropometric Measures among a Nationally Representative Sample of Australian Children and Adolescents

There is limited evidence in Australia that compares the nutritional impact of a breakfast cereal breakfast to a non-cereal breakfast, and includes the type of cereal. This study investigated the impact of breakfast choice and the total sugar content of breakfast cereal on nutrient intakes and anthropometric measures among Australian children and adolescents. Data from 2 to 18-year-old in the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were used (n = 2821). Participants were classified as breakfast cereal consumers (minimally pre-sweetened (MPS) or pre-sweetened (PS)), non-cereal breakfast consumers, or breakfast skippers. Foods consumed for breakfast, foods added to the cereal bowl, and the impact of breakfast choice on daily nutrient intakes and anthropometric measures were determined. Although only 9% of children skipped breakfast, 61% of skippers were aged 14–18 years. Among breakfast consumers, 49% had breakfast cereal, and 62% of these exclusively consumed MPS cereal. Breakfast skippers had a higher saturated fat intake than breakfast cereal consumers, and lower intakes of dietary fibre and most micronutrients (p < 0.001). Compared with non-cereal breakfast consumers, breakfast cereal consumers had similar added and free sugars intakes, lower sodium, and higher total sugars, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, and almost all other micronutrients (p < 0.001). The only difference in nutrient intakes between MPS and PS cereal consumers was higher folate among PS consumers. No associations between anthropometric measures and breakfast or breakfast cereal choice were found. The highest prevalence of breakfast skipping was among 14–18-year old. Breakfast cereal consumers had higher intakes of dietary fibre and most micronutrients compared with non-cereal breakfast consumers and skippers, and almost no differences were found between MPS and PS cereal consumers.
CFD analysis of combustion and emissions to study the effect of compression ratio and biogas substitution in a diesel engine with experimental verification.

Advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of engine reacting flow processes have emerged as a complementary and efficient design tool for the development of the next-generation engines. Many of the early multi-dimensional CFD attempts to predict engine combustion rates were conducted using simplified chemistry. In the present study, Biogas-Diesel dual fuel combustion CFD analysis is carried out using FLUENT software to study the effect of Biogas substitution on turbulent kinetic energy, Turbulent Dissipation Rate, Combustion flame velocity, and NOx formation for five compression ratios. For Turbulence analysis, RNG κ−e model is used, which is further modified for the dual fuel analysis. Meshing of the combustion chamber is carried out using GAMBIT, by tetrahedral element using cooper tool. To analyze the effect of compression ratio in dual fuel mode, compression ratios were varied along with Bio-gas substitutions. To validate CFD results, experimental investigations were carried out, which showed a good agreement between the predicted and experimental results.
Anti-Factor H Autoantibody–Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: Review of Literature of the Autoimmune Form of HUS

Non-Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (atypical HUS) is a rare form of thrombotic microangiopathy that associates hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. The disease has been demonstrated to be linked with a complement alternative pathway dysregulation due to genetic defects but also to development of autoantibodies to factor H (FH), the main plasmatic alternative pathway regulatory protein. In this review, we summarize the more recent data of this autoimmune form of HUS at the level of epidemiology and its clinical and biological features. We propose the performance of anti-FH autoantibodies screening at the very onset of the disease in all cases of HUS to first make the proper diagnosis as early as possible, and second to support an appropriate therapy including early plasma exchanges and immunosuppressive treatments.
Results of midtrimester emergency cerclage.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcomes of midtrimester emergency cerclage and to find out the contributing factors. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-five patients presenting with cervical dilation and effacement with the membranes at the level of the external os or prolapsed into the vagina were included in the study. At the time of the cervical cerclage placement, gestational age ranged from 14-26 weeks. A good outcome was defined as the take-home baby rate, but also the interval between the time of the cervical cerclage placement and delivery and the gestational age at delivery were discussed. RESULTS The mean gestational age at the time of the cervical cerclage placement was 21.2 +/- 2.73 weeks, the mean gestational age at delivery was 29.4 +/- 5.37 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 1,511 g. Eighteen patients had McDonald type cerclage, and 7 patients had both McDonald and Saling type cerclages. The overall take-home baby rate was 64%. Patients presenting with membranes at the level of external os had a take-home baby rate of 68.8%, whereas patients presenting with membranes prolapsed into the vagina had a take-home baby rate of 31.3%. CONCLUSION Cervical dilation at midtrimester has a poor outcome which can be improved with emergency cerclage. Patients presenting with membranes prolapsed into the vagina have a decreased success rate. Total closure of the cervix may improve results.
Appropriateness Criteria Are an Imprecise Measure for Repeat Echocardiograms

Background: Previous studies have reported that most transthoracic echocardiograms meet current ACC/ASE appropriateness criteria, but efficacy of appropriateness criteria for repeat echocardiograms has not been investigated. We sought to prospectively determine whether current appropriateness criteria accurately assess the need for repeat echocardiograms in a consecutive series of inpatients in a tertiary care community teaching hospital. Methods and Results: Appropriateness criteria were assessed for consecutive echocardiograms ordered over 30 days. Ordering clinician specialty and level of training were recorded. For repeat echocardiograms, change in clinical status between first and second echocardiogram and any change in echocardiographic findings were documented. Out of 574 echocardiograms analyzed, 143 repeat studies were performed in 104 patients. Level of appropriateness for first time studies was estimated at 84.6% and for repeat studies at 73.4% (x2= 7.71, P = 0.005). Of those patients receiving at least 1 repeat echocardiogram 42 patients (40%) experienced no detectable change in clinical status or other reason that would justify a repeat study. New echocardiographic findings were found in slightly more than half (52%) of patients receiving repeat studies. Conclusions: Inappropriate repeat echocardiograms are ordered more frequently than first time studies. A significant proportion of repeat echocardiograms do not appear to be justified, and often yield no new echocardiographic findings. Our data suggest that current appropriateness criteria might benefit from further revision with particular regard to justification for repeat studies. (Echocardiography 2011;28:131‐135)
India has some of the highest cancer rates in the world

Parts of India have the world's highest incidence of cancers of the gall bladder, mouth, and lower pharynx, India's first cancer atlas shows. The atlas, produced by the Indian Council of Medical Research, has also found pockets of stomach and thyroid cancer in the south of the country. The National Cancer Registry Programme in Bangalore used data from 105 hospitals and private clinics in 82 of the 593 districts in India to map the incidence of cancer, as part of a project funded by the World Health Organization. The survey included more than 200 000 patients with …
Produktdifferenzierung in deutschen Industrieunternehmen 1995 – 2004: Ausmaß und Bestimmungsgründe / Product Diversification in German Manufacturing Enterprises 1995 – 2004: Extent and Determinants

Summary Interest in the theoretical and empirical analysis of multi-product enterprises is growing. This paper uses newly available representative longitudinal data covering the years 1995 to 2004 to document for the first time the extent of product diversification in German manufacturing enterprises and the role of single- and multi-product firms. In 2004 about 60 percent of all enterprises were multi-product firms, producing 4.4 products on average.Multi-product firms are more often found among the larger enterprises. In 2004 the share of multi-product enterprises in total sales and total exports was 81 percent and 84 percent, respectively. Enterprises producing a large number of products are a rare species - only about three percent of all firms produce more than ten different products. This extent of product diversification is rather stable over the time period under consideration. The empirical investigation demonstrates that compared to single-product firms multi-product firms are larger, have a higher productivity, and both a higher human capital intensity and research and development intensity. These characteristics of multi-product firms do exist before single-product enterprises turn to multi-product enterprises. Therefore, and in accordance with the resource view, they can be considered as determinants of product diversification at the firm level.
Impact of distributed generator on voltage stability analysis of distribution networks under critical loading conditions

The paper presents voltage stability analysis of radial distribution networks under critical loading conditions without and with distributed generator (DG). A new voltage stability index is proposed for identifying the node, which is most sensitive to voltage collapse. The effectiveness of the proposed method without and with considering DG has been successfully tested on a 12.66 kV radial distribution network consisting of 33 nodes and the results are found to be in very good agreement.
Ion Acceleration in Arc Jet Plasma Along Open Field Lines

We experimentally study plasma parameters including the ion acoustic Mach number and the flow direction of expanding helium plasma jet flowing along open field lines. It is experimentally found that the ion Mach number increases. We discuss the mechanism of the ion acceleration. Since the ions do not rotate in electromagnets, the Hall and the swirl acceleration do not occur. We investigate the experimental results based on quasi-1-D flow model including the aerodynamic effect and the electric field. Our model describes the ion acceleration. Therefore, it is concluded that the helium ions are accelerated both by the electric field and by the increasing cross-sectional area of the supersonic flowing channel, which is determined by the magnetic flux conservation.
Implementation and Usage of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Whether to solve specific business problems or comply with trading partner mandates, many companies are now engaged in pilot projects using radio frequency identification (RFID). RFID dramatically increases the potential for organizations to collect data about any tagable entity, which has implications for supply chain logistics, customer relationship management, health care systems, human resource management, and privacy/intellectual property policies. However, in many cases the adoption issues and the business case are not well understood for this emerging technology. This mini-track includes three papers on the Implementation and Usage of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in today¿s organization and emphasizes the building of an on-going research tradition in this area.
KORA-gen - Resource for Population Genetics, Controls and a Broad Spectrum of Disease Phenotypes

KORA-gen is a resource for genetic epidemiological research, based on the KORA platform (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg). Biosamples and phenotypic characteristics as well as environmental parameters of 18,000 adults from Augsburg and the surrounding counties are available. The age range of the participants was 25 to 74 years of recruitment and is 30 to 90 years in 2005. KORA-gen can be used by external partners. Interested parties can inform themselves interactively via internet about the available data and the rules of access. The genotypic data base is a common resource of all partners.
Interleukin-15 Constrains Mucosal T Helper 17 Cell Generation: Influence of Mononuclear Phagocytes

Interleukin (IL)-15 has multiple roles in innate and adaptive immunity, especially regarding CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells. However, the role of IL-15 in regulating differentiation of T helper cell subsets and mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) in different tissues in vivo is unknown. Here we report that IL-15 indirectly regulates Th17 but not other Th subsets in the intestinal lamina propria (LP), apparently through effects on MPs. Th17 cells in the LP were more prevalent in IL-15 KO mice than their wild-type counterparts, and less prevalent in IL-15 transgenic mice than their wild-type littermates, even co-caged. MPs from the LP of these mice were sufficient to mimic the in vivo finding in vitro by skewing of cocultured wild type OVA-specific CD4+ T cells. However, production of IL-15 or lack thereof by these MPs was not sufficient to explain the skewing, as addition or blockade of IL-15 in the cultures had no effect. Rather, a skewing of the relative proportion of CD11b+, CD103+ and double positive LP MP subsets in transgenic and KO could explain the differences in Th17 cells. Thus, IL-15 may influence MP subsets in the gut in a novel way that alters the frequency of LP Th17 cells.
Retracing Estonia's Russians: Mikhail Kurchinskii and Interwar Cultural Autonomy

In exploring the history of the Russian minority in Estonia during 1918–1940, one is inevitably drawn to the figure of Professor Mikhail Anatolevich Kurchinskii (1876–1939). An academic and journalist, Kurchinskii was also an important political actor devoted to the quest for a satisfactory resolution of the nationality question in Estonia and Europe. It is with good reason that Kurchinskii has been called “the most important theoretician and practical advocate of cultural autonomy amongst the [interwar] Russian minority in Estonia. ” From 1927 he also served as a leading member of the Congress of European Minorities (CEM), which became the main promoter of the cultural autonomy concept on the wider European stage. During the same period he took a deep interest in the work of the Pan-Europe movement and the quest for a durable settlement of European affairs following the traumas of World War I. Until very recently, however, Kurchinskii has remained a neglected figure among historians, even within the narrow field of Baltic studies. This neglect is symptomatic of the lack of attention devoted to the political history of the Russian minority more generally. As the first group to implement Estonia's celebrated 1925 law on cultural autonomy, the interwar German minority has already formed the object of a number of studies. By contrast, Kurchinskii's failure to realize the autonomy project means that he—and, indeed, the Russian minority as a whole—barely receives a mention in most histories of Estonia. Just as Kurchinskii's aspirations regarding cultural autonomy were never realized during his lifetime, so his vision of building a “New Europe” faded against the background of economic depression and a retreat into inward-looking national particularism during the 1930s. The tragic fate that befell central and eastern Europe after 1939 has in turn tended to obscure many of the ideas and positive achievements of the interwar minorities movement. This article uses Kurchinskii's career to illuminate issues relating to the sociopolitical development of the Russian minority between the wars. In particular it compares Kurchinskii's thinking on minority issues with that of his rival Aleksei Janson (1866–1940), a socialist politician and pedagogical expert who served as Russian National Secretary in the Estonian Ministry of Education from 1922 to 1927. Finally, by linking Kurchinskii's quest for cultural autonomy to his broader thinking on the “New Europe,” the article assesses the relevance of these ideas to contemporary debates on the nationality question.
Métodos matemáticos para la predicción de tráfico

Esta tesis desarrolla los siguientes modelos matematicos originales: - Un modelo bayesiano conjugado para la reconstruccion y estimacion de los flujos de trafico a partir de la lectura de las matriculas, que permite calcular los diferentes flujos de trafico, tales como los de rutas, origen-destino, arcos escaneados o arcos aforados. - Un modelo dinamico de recarga, continuo en el tiempo, consistente con la regla FIFO, que evalua el efecto de la congestion teniendo en cuenta la interaccion de los flujos de todas las rutas y su coincidencia en diferentes momentos y lugares. Se supone que el tiempo de recorrido del arco es funcion no lineal de los volumenes de trafico del mismo y, ademas, se tiene en cuenta el efecto derivado de la congestion en los arcos aguas abajo de la ruta. - Un modelo de trafico dinamico con demanda estocastica para la prediccion de algunas variables de trafico, tales como los tiempos de recorrido, flujos o densidad de los arcos y su evolucion en el tiempo. Todos los modelos propuestos se han ensayado en redes de trafico reales como son Cuenca y Ciudad Real (Espana) y el estado de Vermont (EE.UU.), con el fin de analizar sus caracteristicas, validez de los resultados y los correspondientes requisitos computacionales. Ademas, se incluye una revision de la literatura existente acerca de los modelos de trafico estaticos y dinamicos