Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Au3+/Au0 Supported on Chromium(III) Terephthalate Metal Organic Framework (MIL-101) as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalystfor Three-Component Coupling Synthesis of Propargylamines

Post-synthesis modification is a useful method for the functionalization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). A novel catalyst Au@MIL-101-ED-SA (ED = ethylenediamine, SA = salicylaldehyde), containing coexisting Au3+ ions and Au⁰ nanoparticles, was prepared successfully by post-synthesis modification with ethylenediamine, salicylaldehyde and gold. Gold nanoparticles supported on MIL-101 (Au@MIL-101) were prepared successfully by the impregnation method. Au@MIL-101-ED-SA and Au@MIL-101 were characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Au@MIL-101-ED-SA and Au@MIL-101 were applied as environmentally friendly catalysts in the three-component coupling reaction of aldehydes, amines, and alkynes for the preparation of diverse propargylamines. Au@MIL-101-ED-SA contained a fraction of cationic gold (Au3+/Au⁰ = 0.9) and showed higher catalytic activity than Au@MIL-101, which was prepared by the impregnation method. Furthermore, the reactions were performed under heterogeneous conditions and the novel catalyst was successfully recycled for four consecutive runs.
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid inhibits PDK1 activation and suppresses experimental asthma by inducing T cell apoptosis

3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid (HAA), a compound generated during tryptophan metabolism initiated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, is known to induce T cell death, but its molecular target is not known. Here we report that HAA inhibits NF-κB activation upon T cell antigen receptor engagement by specifically targeting PDK1. Inhibition of NF-κB by HAA leads to dysfunction and cell death of activated Th2 cells, which in turn suppresses experimental asthma. Inhibition of NF-κB and induction of apoptosis is specific to CD4 T cells because HAA does not inhibit NF-κB activation or induce cell death upon Toll-like receptor 4 stimulation in dendritic cells. Thus, HAA is a natural inhibitor that restrains T cell expansion and activation.
The relationship between the effects of short‐chain fatty acids on intestinal motility in vitro and GPR43 receptor activation

Abstract The G protein‐coupled receptors, GPR41 and GPR43, are activated by short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), with distinct rank order potencies. This study investigated the possibility that SCFAs modulate intestinal motility via these receptors. Luminal SCFA concentrations within the rat intestine were greatest in the caecum (c. 115 mmol L−1) and proximal colon. Using similar concentrations (0.1–100 mmol L−1), SCFAs were found to inhibit electrically evoked, neuronally mediated contractions of rat distal colon, possibly via a prejunctional site of action; this activity was independent of the presence or absence of the mucosa. By contrast, SCFAs reduced the amplitude but also reduced the threshold and increased the frequency of peristaltic contractions in guinea‐pig terminal ileum. In each model, the rank‐order of activity was acetate (C2) ≈ propionate (C3) ≈ butyrate (C4) > pentanoate (C5) ∼ formate (C1), consistent with activity at the GPR43 receptor. GPR43 mRNA was expressed throughout the rat gut, with highest levels in the colon. However, the ability of SCFAs to inhibit neuronally mediated contractions of the colon was similar in tissues from wild‐type and GPR43 gene knockout mice, with identical rank‐orders of potency. In conclusion, SCFAs can modulate intestinal motility, but these effects can be independent of the GPR43 receptor.
Understanding the Twitter User Networks of Viruses and Ransomware Attacks

We study the networks of Twitter users posting information about Ransomware and Virus and other malware since 2010. We collected more than 200k tweets about 25 attacks measuring the impact of these outbreaks on the social network. We used the mention network as paradigm of network analysis showing that the networks have a similar behavior in terms of topology and tweet/retweet volumes. A detailed analysis on the data allowed us to better understand the role of the major technical web sites in diffusing the news of each new epidemic, while a study of the social media response reveal how this one is strictly correlated with the media hype but it is not directly proportional to the virus/ransomware diffusion. In fact ransomware is perceived as a problem hundred times more relevant than worms or botnets. We investigated the hypothesis of Early Warning signals in Twitter of malware attacks showing that, despite the popularity of the platform and its large user base, the chances of identifying early warning signals are pretty low. Finally we study the most active users, their distribution and their tendency of discussing more attack and how in time the users switch from a topic to another. Investigating the quality of the information on Twitter about malware we saw a great quality and the possibility to use this information as automatic classification of new attacks.
Nonoperative treatment compared with plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures. Surgical technique.

BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown a high prevalence of symptomatic malunion and nonunion after nonoperative treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures. We sought to compare patient-oriented outcome and complication rates following nonoperative treatment and those after plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures. METHODS In a multicenter, prospective clinical trial, 132 patients with a displaced midshaft fracture of the clavicle were randomized (by sealed envelope) to either operative treatment with plate fixation (sixty-seven patients) or nonoperative treatment with a sling (sixty-five patients). Outcome analysis included standard clinical follow-up and the Constant shoulder score, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, and plain radiographs. One hundred and eleven patients (sixty-two managed operatively and forty-nine managed nonoperatively) completed one year of follow-up. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to patient demographics, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, Injury Severity Score, or fracture pattern. RESULTS Constant shoulder scores and DASH scores were significantly improved in the operative fixation group at all time-points (p = 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The mean time to radiographic union was 28.4 weeks in the nonoperative group compared with 16.4 weeks in the operative group (p = 0.001). There were two nonunions in the operative group compared with seven in the nonoperative group (p = 0.042). Symptomatic malunion developed in nine patients in the nonoperative group and in none in the operative group (p = 0.001). Most complications in the operative group were hardware-related (five patients had local irritation and/or prominence of the hardware, three had a wound infection, and one had mechanical failure). At one year after the injury, the patients in the operative group were more likely to be satisfied with the appearance of the shoulder (p = 0.001) and with the shoulder in general (p = 0.002) than were those in the nonoperative group. CONCLUSIONS Operative fixation of a displaced fracture of the clavicular shaft results in improved functional outcome and a lower rate of malunion and nonunion compared with nonoperative treatment at one year of follow-up. Hardware removal remains the most common reason for repeat intervention in the operative group. This study supports primary plate fixation of completely displaced midshaft clavicular fractures in active adult patients.
Tax Evasion Dynamics via Non-Equilibrium Model on Complex Networks

The Zaklan model has become an excellent mechanism to control the tax evasion fluctuations (TEF) in a people- or agent-based community. Initially, the equilibrium Ising model (IM) had been used as a dynamic of temporal evolution of the Zaklan model near the critical point of the IM. On some complex network the IM presents no critical points or well-defined phase transitions. Then, through Monte Carlo simulations we study the recurring problem of the TEF control using the version of non-equilibrium Zaklan model as a control mechanism for TEF via agent-based non-equilibrium majority-vote model (MVM). Here we study the TEF on directed Barabasi-Albert (BAD) and Apollonian (ANs) networks where the IM is not applied. We show that the Zaklan model can be also studied using non-equilibrium dynamics through of the non-equilibrium MVM on complex topologies cited above, giving the behavior of the TEF regardless of dynamic or topology used here.
Swelling‐induced chloride current in glioblastoma proliferation, migration, and invasion

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains as the most common and aggressive brain tumor. The survival of GBM has been linked to the aberrant activation of swelling‐induced chloride current ICl,swell. In this study, we investigated the effects of ICl,swell on cell viability, proliferation, and migration in the human GBM cell lines, U251 and U87, using a combination of patch clamp electrophysiology, MTT, colony formation, wound healing assays and Western immunoblotting. First, we showed that the specific inhibitor of ICl,swell, DCPIB, potently reduced the ICl,swell in U87 cells. Next, in both U87 and U251 cells, we found that DCPIB reduced GBM viability, proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. In addition, our Western immunoblot assay showed that DCPIB‐treated U251 cells had a reduction in JAK2, STAT3, and Akt phosphorylation, thus, suggesting that DCPIB potentially suppresses GBM functions through inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Therefore, the ICl,swell may be a potential drug target for GBM.
TREN PENGUNGKAPAN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL INDUSTRI PERBANKAN: SEBUAH BUKTI EMPIRIS DI INDONESIA

The purposes of this research were to analyze the intellectual capital disclosure's volume of banking industriesin Indonesia and to provide additional empirical evidence of variations in IC disclosure that included internalcapital, external capital and human capital in the banking companies in Indonesia. This research used trendleast square method to analyze intellectual capital disclosure trends. Furthermore, One Way Anova test wasused to determine if there was difference in the volume of internal capital disclosure, external capital andhuman capital. The result of this study showed that there was an increase in intellectual capital disclosuretrends, although not as a whole. One of the total sample showed the decrease in intellectual capital disclosuretrend. There was no difference in the volume of disclosure of the three categories in intellectual capital. This wasbecause the IC was still a voluntary disclosure and there were government regulations that indirectly encouragedcompanies to disclose IC such as taxation and labor laws.
Presenilin clinical mutations can affect γ‐secretase activity by different mechanisms

Mutations in human presenilin (PS) genes cause aggressive forms of familial Alzheimer's disease. Presenilins are polytopic proteins that harbour the catalytic site of the γ‐secretase complex and cleave many type I transmembrane proteins including β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP), Notch and syndecan 3. Contradictory results have been published concerning whether PS mutations cause ‘abnormal’ gain or (partial) loss of function of γ‐secretase. To avoid the possibility that wild‐type PS confounds the interpretation of the results, we used presenilin‐deficient cells to analyse the effects of different clinical mutations on APP, Notch, syndecan 3 and N‐cadherin substrate processing, and on γ‐secretase complex formation. A loss in APP and Notch substrate processing at ɛ and S3 cleavage sites was observed with all presenilin mutants, whereas APP processing at the γ site was affected in variable ways. PS1‐Δ9 and PS1‐L166P mutations caused a reduction in β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ)40 production whereas PS1‐G384A mutant significantly increased Aβ42. Interestingly PS2, a close homologue of PS1, appeared to be a less efficient producer of Aβ than PS1. Finally, subtle differences in γ‐secretase complex assembly were observed. Overall, our results indicate that the different mutations in PS affect γ‐secretase structure or function in multiple ways.
Flowing through hospitals

Due to an aging population and increased healthcare costs, hospitals are forced to use their resources more efficiently, meaning that the same amount of patients has to be treated with less resources or more patients with the same amount of resources. Practitioners in hospitals often think that by using resources more efficiently, the quality of care will decrease. On the contrary, the reduction achieved by improving the efficiency may also improve the quality of care as, e.g., unnecessary waiting time is reduced or even eliminated. In this thesis it is shown that the efficiency of healthcare can be improved by carefully scheduling and planning the processes at the departments the patient visits during his stay. Procedures or appointments should be scheduled such that, e.g., (1) the waiting time for the patients is minimized, (2) the schedule is robust against changes in the procedure or appointment time, and (3) the arrival of emergency patients is accounted for. For some of the considered problems, some of these objectives are more important than the other objectives, and sometimes, the objectives are even conflicting. Therefore, often a balanced trade-off between different (conflicting) objectives has to be made. Another challenging aspect of improving the efficiency in hospitals is that many uncertainties have to be taken into account. Including these uncertainties in the modeling process often leads to complex models that need to be simplified in order to solve them within a reasonable amount of time. Moreover, the considered problems are often already NP-hard without including uncertainty. To be able to get solutions for such problems, we either may approximate some part of the model and solve the resulting problem to optimality or we may use heuristics to solve the complete problem. Both approaches lead to suboptimal solutions as the first approach does not solve the original problem and the second approach often ends in a local optimum instead of a global optimum. Nevertheless, the results of the thesis show that approaches developed in this way form a good first step in solving these complex problems.
Ten generations of selection for predicted weight of testes in swine: direct response and correlated response in body weight, backfat, age at puberty, and ovulation rate.

Selection for predicted weight of testes at 150 d of age (PWT) was practiced for 10 generations to determine the effect on reproductive and growth traits in swine. Mass selection among boars (line TS) or random selection (line C) was practiced beginning with the F3 generation of a Large White x Landrace composite population. Population size in each line was 40 to 45 litters by 15 sires per generation. Responses were estimated by regressions on cumulative selection differentials for PWT and on generation number and by mixed-model derivative-free REML procedures. The realized heritability of PWT was . 35 +/- . 02 and the response per generation was 19 g (P < .01). Correlated responses in body weight were . 95 +/- . 37 (140 d) and 1.13 +/- . 42 kg (160 d) per generation for boars and . 70 +/- . 32 (130 d) and . 64 +/- . 46 kg (180 d) per generation for gilts. Response in backfat was . 08 +/- . 14 mm per generation in boars and . 16 +/- . 14 mm in gilts. Negative genetic trends occurred in age at puberty in both lines, but the difference between lines was not significant. At Generation 10, ovulation rate was . 76 +/- . 43 eggs more for gilts of the TS line than for C gilts. Genetic correlations of PWT with other traits are presented. Heritability of PWT was moderately high and its phenotypic variance was large; therefore, a high rate of response of 5.5% per generation occurred. Selection for PWT was not effective in decreasing age at puberty or increasing ovulation rate of daughters.
Relationship or contract? Exploring the key factor leading to IT outsourcing success in China

Purpose – Effective management of IT outsourcing continues to be a challenge to organizations today. Organizations in China suffer from even bigger problems than other regions of the world. The IT outsourcing market is in its infancy and the outsourcing practice is still at its initial stage. Regarding to the outsourcing management issues, the literature has explored the role of either the relationship or contract in governing IT outsourcing success. However, few efforts have been paid to investigate the effects of both relationship and contract on IT outsourcing success from a holistic view. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study develops a conceptual model and empirically tests it through a cross-sectional survey conducted in five big cities of Mainland China. Findings – The data analysis results identified the dimensionalities of relationship, contract and IT outsourcing success and proved the causal relationships between these three constructs. Originality/val.
Effects of Cyclosporin on Insulin and C-Peptide Secretion in Healthy Beagles

Plasma glucose, C-peptide, and insulin responses to intravenous glucose (intravenous glucose tolerance test [IVGTT], 0.5 g/kg), glucagon (1 mg i.v.), and oral glucose (oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], 1 g/kg) were assessed in six normal beagles before, during, and 1 and 4 mo after the administration of cyclosporin A (CsA) in doses previously shown to be required for uniform prevention of canine islet-allograft rejection (20 mg/kg; mean trough radioimmunoassay serum levels ≥500 ng/ml). Insulin secretion in response to intravenous glucose and glucagon was significantly inhibited during the administration of CsA (areas under insulin-response curves, pmol min−1 L−1; IVGTT, pre-CsA, 11,127 ± 1285; during CsA, 5954 ± 1147, P < .05; glucagon tolerance test, pre-CsA, 18,617 ± 2807; during CsA, 4401 ± 486, P < .05 vs. pretreatment levels). These secretory defects persisted 4 mo after CsA was discontinued (IVGTT, 4358 ± 659; glucagon tolerance test, 10,567 ± 2479, P < .05). C-peptide responses paralleled these changes. Plasma glucose disposal in response to these secretagogues, however, returned to normal 1 mo after discontinuation of CsA. In contrast to the findings for IVGTT and glucagon, insulin-response curves to OGTT were not statistically different during CsA administration. We conclude that, although glucose disappearance rates are normal after discontinuation of the CsA administration, CsA causes irreversible impairment in islet secretory responses detectable with IVGTT and glucagon but not with OGTT. These results suggest that short-term CsA in doses required to prevent islet-allograft rejection in dogs can result in permanent loss of functionally competent β-cells.
Comparative assessment of Kalman Filter and Prony Methods for power system oscillation monitoring

This paper evaluates the performance of two operational Wide Area Monitoring algorithms: Kalman Filter and Prony analysis. The main purpose of both techniques is to detect poorly damped oscillations and alert system operators. A brief revisit of Kalman Filter and Prony analysis is presented as a background before subsequent analytical assessments are done. In addition, several criteria are identified to compare both procedures under various scenarios. Finally, comments on merits and applicability of each method are summarized.
Clozapine-induced weight gain: prevalence and clinical relevance.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical relevance of weight gain during clozapine treatment. Previous reports indicated clinically significant weight gain in 13% to 85% of patients and an average gain of 9.0 to 24.7 lb. METHOD Twenty-one state hospital patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were weighed weekly for 12 weeks before clozapine treatment and during the first 16 weeks of treatment. Psychiatric symptoms were rated with a modified version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). RESULTS The mean weight gain for the entire group was 13.9 lb, or 8.9% of body weight. During the 16 weeks of clozapine treatment, 38% of the patients experienced marked weight gains and 29% had moderate weight gains. The improvements in BPRS total score and composite negative symptom score were significantly greater for the eight patients with marked weight gains than for the other 13 patients. CONCLUSIONS Clozapine's propensity to induce weight gain may relate to the drug's efficacy and/or its unique neuropharmacologic effects. Increased attention to this phenomenon is important because of the morbidity associated with obesity.
Managerial Incentives and Changes in Corporate Investments Following the Inception of Credit Default Swap Trade

A credit default swap (CDS) enables a lender to hedge its risk exposure on a loan given to reference client. The lender then reduces the monitoring of the client’s activities as well as aiding the distressed client. Two contrasting predictions can be made about how the borrower would respond to the altered lender-borrower relationship. (1) The borrower reduces risky investments to lower its vulnerability to financial distress. (2) The borrower pursues volatility-enhancing projects to increase the value of call options built into its shareholder investments. We find that a borrower shifts to a more conservative policy when its managers have low portfolio sensitivity to stock volatility (vega). A borrower with high managerial vega, however, seeks volatility-enhancing projects. Shareholders then increase vega incentives for managers to maintain investments in risky, positive NPV projects at pre CDS levels. This action, however, also results in higher bankruptcy risk. Our study shows a unique interaction between the manager-shareholder and lender-shareholder conflicts arising from CDS inception, which alters the course of the borrower’s operating policy.
Proline Betaine Accumulation and Metabolism in Alfalfa Plants under Sodium Chloride Stress. Exploring Its Compartmentalization in Nodules1

The osmoprotectant Pro betaine is the main betaine identified in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). We have investigated the long-term responses of nodulated alfalfa plants to salt stress, with a particular interest for Pro betaine accumulation, compartmentalization, and metabolism. Exposure of 3-week-old nodulated alfalfa plants to 0.2 m NaCl for 4 weeks was followed by a 10-, 4-, and 8-fold increase in Pro betaine in shoots, roots, and nodules, respectively. Isotope-labeling studies in alfalfa shoots indicate that [14C]Pro betaine was synthesized from l-[14C]Pro. [14C]Pro betaine was efficiently catabolized through sequential demethylations via N-methylPro and Pro. Salt stress had a minor effect on Pro betaine biosynthesis, whereas it strongly reduced Pro betaine turnover. Analysis of Pro betaine and Pro compartmentalization within nodules revealed that 4 weeks of salinization of the host plants induced a strong increase in cytosol and bacteroids. The estimated Pro betaine and Pro concentrations in salt-stressed bacteroids reached 7.4 and 11.8 mm, respectively, compared to only 0.8 mm in control bacteroids. Na+ content in nodule compartments was also enhanced under salinization, leading to a concentration of 14.7 mm in bacteroids. [14C]Pro betaine and [14C]Pro were taken up by purified symbiosomes and free bacteroids. There was no indication of saturable carrier(s), and the rate of uptake was moderately enhanced by salinization. Ultrastructural analysis showed a large peribacteroid space in salt-stressed nodules, suggesting an increased turgor pressure inside the symbiosomes, which might partially be due to an elevated concentration in Pro, Pro betaine, and Na+ in this compartment.