Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Row spacing and weed management methods influences growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Abstract Weed infestation is among the primary reasons for low yields of soybean in Nigeria and other parts of Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Field trials were therefore carried out in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons to evaluate the effect of row spacing and weed management methods on growth and yield of soybean. The use of 50 cm row spacing resulted in significant (P < 0.05) reduction in weed cover score, weed density and weed dry matter with subsequent increase in soybean growth and grain yield compared to 75 and 100 cm row spacings in both years. In addition, early weed control with probaben at 2.0 kg a.i (active ingredient) ha1 followed by (fb) supplementary hoe weeding (shw) at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) suppressed weeds and increased soybean growth, which carried through to final dry matter and yield. Pre-emergence application of Probaben fb shw at 6 WAS gave the best weed control and resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher soybean grain yield compared to two and three hoe weedings or sole application of probaben under 50 and 75 cm inter-row spacing. However, three hoe weedings gave the best weed control and grain yield under 100 cm inter-row spacing. These results suggest that narrow row spacing of 50 cm and weed control by pre-emergence application of probaben fb shw will improve the productivity of soybean. Wide row spacing, however, required longer weed-free period and consequently multiple hoe weeding for optimum soybean yield.
GIS-based habitat model to predict potential areas for the upcoming occurrences of an alien invasive plant, Mimosa pigra L.

Abstract Incursions of Mimosa pigra L. , a super-invasive plant, were detected in Hoa Vang district, Da Nang city, Vietnam. This invasive species posed threats to the local agricultural and natural areas, especially to Ba Na - Nui Chua Nature Reserve located in the district. In this study, a habitat model was developed to predict potential areas for the upcoming occurrences of the plant. Detected locations of the species were analyzed in association with seven environmental layers (15 m spatial resolution), which characterized the habitat conditions facilitating the plant incursion, to calculate a multivariate statistic, Mahalanobis distance (D2). Mimosa occurrences were divided into subsets of modelling (for model construction) and validating data (for selecting the best model from replicate runs). The model performance was tested using a null model of 1,000 random points and indicated a significant relationship between D2 values and mimosa occurrence. The D2 model performed markedly better than the random model. The null model in combination with the entire dataset of mimosa locations was also used to identify the threshold D2 value. Using that threshold value, 99.5% of existing mimosa locations were detected and 20.3% of the study area was determined as high-risk areas for mimosa occurrence. These identified high risk areas would make an important contribution to the local alien invasive species management. Given the potential threats to these species from illegal harvesting, that information may serve as an important benchmark for future habitat and population assessments. The spatial modelling techniques in this study can easily be applied to other species and areas.
Suitability of MODIS-based NDVI index for forest monitoring and its seasonal applications in Central Europe

Abstract The paper demonstrates the multipurpose application of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from MODIS products for forest monitoring across the Central-European macro-region Slovakia and Hungary (i.e., the Western Carpathians and Pannonian basin). Relationships between forest dynamics and NDVI were analysed and used for determining the onset of phenophases in spring and autumn and for the assessment of forest growth and health condition. To identify the phenophases, the NDVI profile during the year was established by fitting a double logistic sigmoid function to data and phenological metrics were developed based on the calculated extreme values of the sigmoid function and its derivatives. According to our analyses, leaf unfolding and leaf fall were significantly delayed or advanced in 2018 with the increase of altitude and latitude (p < 0.01). The longitudinal aspect was significant only in the autumn phenophase with earlier onset of leaf fall towards to the east. The duration of the growing season varied extensively within the region, mainly according to altitudinal and latitudinal occurrence of beech forests. Positive associations between annual tree-ring width and standardized summer NDVI were found for conifers at local scale. The highest correlation period was between July 12 and August 12 as the most critical periods for forest growth. Slight positive correlation can be observed during March – April that could be associated with the varying start of the growing seasons. In the forest health study, whereas NDVI values could well identify the location and extent of a recent forest damage due to a combination of snow break and wind break, an urgent demand for more detailed field data was obvious.
Effects of military basic training on VO2max, body composition, muscle strength and neural responses in conscripts of different aerobic condition

Summary Study aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate neuromuscular adaptations in conscripts with different fitness levels (VO2max) during 8 weeks of military basic training (BT). Material and methods: Twenty-four male conscripts (18–21 years) were divided into two groups (Good Fitness [GF] and Low fitness [LF]) based on their VO2max at the beginning of BT. Body mass (BM), fat free mass (FFM) and Fat% were measured after 2, 4, and 7 weeks of training. VO2max, maximal isometric leg press force (MVC), H-reflex (Hmax/Mmax) at rest and V-wave (V/Mmax) during maximal isometric plantarflexion were measured from the soleus muscle at the beginning, after 5, and after 8 weeks of training. Results: FFM decreased significantly in LF after 7 weeks of training (–3.0 ± 1.7%, p < 0.001), which was not observed in GF. Both GF (6.9 ± 4.6%, p < 0.01) and LF (5.7 ± 4.6%, p < 0.01) showed improved VO2max after 5 weeks, with no changes during the last 3 weeks. A main effect of training was observed in decreased leg press MVC (–7.3 ± 9.3%, F = 4.899, p < 0.05), with no between-group differences. V-wave was significantly lower in LF during 5 (–37.9%, p < 0.05) and 8 (–44.9%, p < 0.05) weeks. Conclusion: Poor development of the neuromuscular system during BT suggests that explosive and/or maximal strength training should be added to the BT protocol for all conscripts regardless of fitness level. In addition, individualized training periodization should be considered to optimize the training load.
Age and growth of common bream, Abramis brama (L.), caught at Hammam Debagh Reservoir (Guelma, northeast Algeria)

Abstract This study was conducted in Hammam Debagh Reservoir located in northeastern Algeria, which was first the subject of fish farming tests in 2001. The species tested included Chinese carp, royal carp, common carp, pikeperch, and common bream. The present work aimed to determine the age and growth of one of the most frequently caught species in the reservoir, common bream, Abramis brama. This information is essential to the knowledge of fish biology, and thereby to solving many of the problems of fish research and development. A sample of 100 common bream, A. brama, was caught with gillnets over a period of six months from December 2017 to May 2018. The results obtained fit well with the growth model and were similar to those published regarding other environments. Scales from a sample of 50 fish were read under an optical microscope, which permitted identifying five age groups. The value of the overall sex ratio (4.88) revealed a strong imbalance in favor of males throughout the study period. The relationship linking length-weight is of the minor allometry type with b < 3.
CRM influence on organisational performance — the moderating role of IT reliability

Abstract Purpose. This article mainly aims to verify the role of IT reliability as the factor potentially strengthening the CRM influence on organisational performance and conclude whether the IT reliability is indeed an important factor shaping the CRM ability to generate value for an organisation. Methodology. The empirical research was conducted to verify the existence of such a relation. The research was carried out based on the survey performed among organisations, and the sample included 558 entities from Poland and 564 from Switzerland. The statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out using regression analysis with the moderator. Results. The obtained models clearly show that IT reliability is a moderator of the relation between CRM time-of-use and the organisational performance. The theoretical contribution. The obtained results clearly confirm that the existing IT solutions should support CRM, and with such support, this management method is positively influencing the organisational performance. Such a conclusion seems to be an important contribution to the studied field of research, filling the research gap concerning the mechanism of IT support for CRM. It remains consistent with the views from the literature and contributes to their extension.
FACULTY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TRNAVA SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA

Monte Carlo simulation of temperature dependence of lectric conductivity of a model mixture system, which involves reaction with first order kinetics, was carried out on the basis of chemical kinetics laws. The temperature dependence of the conductivity of r ubber compounds during the process of silane treatment was studied experimentally. Simulated temperature dependence of conductivity was compared with measured experimental results. The obtained experimental results and the data deri ved from numerical simulation are in satisfactory agreement. Effective method for monito ri g and control of silane treatment of rubber compounds directly during the material prepa ration process can be proposed on the basis of the abovementioned finding.
In Vivo Temperature Dependence of Ultrasound Speed in Tissue and its Application to Noninvasive Temperature Monitoring

Measurements of the speed o f ultrasound as a function of temperature i n the 35 OC t o 45 OC range w e r e made on mammalian (canine) t i s s u e both in v i t ro and in oivo a t 5 MHz using a pulsed transmission technique. Cored samples co inc id ing with the u l t r a son ica l ly i r r a d i a t e d tissue were obtained and assayed f o r w a t e r and t o t a l l i p i d content. Resul t s i n d i c a t e about 2 percent agreement between in v i v o and in v i t ro da ta , and t h a t , on the b a s i s of kidney da ta , l i p i d conten t and temperature c o e f f i c i e n t of ultrasound speed are m o r e highly co r re l a t ed (0.76 c o r r e l a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t ) than a r e l i p i d conten t and speed o f sound (0.17 c o r r e l a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t ) .
Improving the Distinction between Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions: The Value of Sonographic Texture Analysis

To improve the ability of ultrasound to distinguish benign from malignant breast lesions, we used quantitative analysis of ultrasound image texture. Eight cancers, 22 cysts, 28 fibroadenomata, and 22 fibrocystic nodules were studied. The true nature of each lesion was determined by aspiration (for some cysts) or by open biopsy. Analysis of image texture was performed on digitized video output from the ultrasound scanner using fractal analysis and statistical texture analysis methods. The most useful features were those derived from co-occurrence matrices of the images. Using two features together (contrast of a co-occurrence matrix taken in an oblique direction, and correlation of a co-occurrence matrix taken in the horizontal direction), it was possible to exclude 78% of fibroadenomata, 73% of cysts, and 91% of fibrocystic nodules while maintaining 100% sensitivity for cancer. These findings suggest that ultrasonic image texture analysis is a simple way to markedly reduce the number of benign lesion biopsies without missing additional cancers.
Tracheal injury

A 38-year-old, previously healthy male factory worker was brought to the trauma center following an industrial accident. While at work a 500-pound piece of machinery suspended on a crane struck him in the chest trapping him between the machinery and the wall. Following extrication he complained of minimal chest pain. At the scene he was awake, in normal sinus rhythm, normotensive, and in no respiratory distress. He was transported by ground means. On arrival at our trauma center his only complaint was ‘a tickle inmy throat’. He denied chest or abdominal pain, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, or loss of consciousness. He had no past medical or surgical history, was taking no medications, and had no allergies. Admission vital signs: BP 148/68, heart rate 100 sinus rhythm, respiratory rate 26/min not labored on 2 liter nasal cannula with SaO2 97%, and temperature 38.6 C. On examination he was awake, alert, in no distress, phonating normally, and not cyanotic. Neurologic examwas non-focal. The trachea was midline, there was no JVD. The lungs were clear bilaterally, there was no chest wall tenderness, deformity, or subcutaneous emphysema. Cardiac examrevealed a regular rate and rhythmwithout murmur, gallop, or rub; pulses were palpable in all extremities. The abdomen was not distended, non-tender, without guarding, and bowel sounds were normal. There was no extremity edema or deformity. A Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) was negative. Plain films were obtained, the pelvic x-raywas negative. A portable, supine chest radiograph was likewise negative specifically, no hemopneumothorax, subcutaneous air, or pneumomediastinum. Routine laboratory studies including CBC, chemistries, coagulation panel, lactate, and arterial blood gaswere all normal. The toxicology screen was negative.
Optimal Precision in Ultrasound Attenuation Estimation and Application to the Detection of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Carriers

This paper deals with the measurement of the attenuation of ultrasound in muscle and its application to the detection of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) carriers. The precision obtained when measuring the attenuation is an important parameter to be considered. A statistical approach is taken on simulated data and compared to in vivo results. The results allow discussion for the minimum tissue volume needed for the estimation. Variations in muscle attenuation between normals were obtained from studies on 27 volunteers. These attenuation values were compared to those obtained from 19 carriers of DMD. Attenuation appears to be a potential clinical indicator of DMD carriers.
Description of Broad-Band Pulsed Doppler Ultrasound Processing Using the Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform

Considering data from a Doppler sample volume as a two-dimensional function of depth and time, the properties of its two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2DFFT) are discussed. It is shown that the 2DFFT of idealized Doppler data from moving scatterers is a line whose slope is the velocity of the scatterers. Aliasing, finite bandwidth effects, and spectral broadening due to transit time effects receive simple descriptions in this scheme. Existing processing schemes can be described graphically in this unifying description. Processing of broad band pulsed Doppler ultrasound can incorporate a correction for aliasing if based on the two-dimensional Fourier transform, and this has been tested using data from tissue-mimicking phantom in a tank-based experiment.
AMELIORATING ROLE OF JAMBOLAN OF CAPECITABINE INDUCED TESTICULAR DAMAGE OF RATS

Capecitabine (Xeloda, Roche) is a pro- anticancer drug, that is enzymatically converted to 5-fluorouracil in the body. The present work aimed to evaluate the ameliorated role of the jambolan fruit-extract against testicular damage induced by capecitabine. Twenty male Wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing approximately 120 g were used during experimentation. Animals were divided into four groups; control (saline-treated), Jambolan-treatment (400 mg/kg of fruit extract), capicitabine-treatment (40 mg /Kg BW for 30 days), and capicitabine and jambolan-treatment. Daily oral treatments were carried out for 30 days. At the end of experimentation period, the animals were sacrificed and their testis were incised and processed for histopathological investigation, comet and flow cytometric analysis for apoptosis. The present findings revealed that the drug-treatment possessed dramatic testicular damage in the form of focal disorganization of the seminiferous tubules with almost missing of sperm, comparatively decreased spermatogenic cells, sloughing and degeneration of spermatogenic cells and interstitial oedematous lesions. Flow cytometric analysis showed apparent increase of apoptic M1 spermatogenic and ovarian cells. Comet assay revealed apparent increase of detached spermatogenic cells. Jambolan-treatment ameliorated the pathological picture and decreased the incidence of apoptosis. Finally, the authors concluded that the jambolan-treatment with its higher content of antioxidants resolute the toxicological aspects of the anticancer drugs.
Application of End-tidal Carbon Dioxide Concentration during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Review of the Literature

In 2005, the American Heart Association guidelines for advanced cardiac life support emphasized that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should include effective chest compression and reasonable ventilation to provide the patient a higher coronary artery perfusion pressure and adequate oxygenation. Therefore, these two indicators became the main factors determining whether CPR was successful. The measurement of the partial pressure of end-tidal CO2, (PetCO2) is a non-invasive primary method; it is used to monitor the patient's cardiac output, coronary perfusion pressure, ventilation and systemic metabolic function during resuscitation. In 1999, the National Association of Emergency Medical Service Physicians recommended that PetCO2 monitoring be standard in pre-hospital care and in emergency departments. We will review the literature on the measurement of PetCO2, and the evolution of monitoring as well as the use of PetCO2 for monitoring efficacy in CPR. This information is used to substantiate the clinical utilization and predict the probability of success of endotracheal tube placement in the emergency department.
Under graduate nursing students′ knowledge and attitude toward people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has become one of the significant public health problems in the world. Research regarding HIV/AIDS among nursing professionals is limited from India. Aim: The aim was to assess nursing student′s knowledge and attitude toward people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted among conveniently selected under graduate nursing students (n = 172) using self-reported questionnaires. Results: The overall mean knowledge (38.05 ± 4.91) and attitude score (51.26 ± 6.2) indicate that majority of the students have good knowledge (77.6%) and moderately favorable attitudes (67.4%) toward HIV/AIDS patients. However, statistically significant differences were observed between age (P < 0.001, P < 0.019) education (P < 0.34, P < 0.01) and experience in taking care of HIV/AIDS patients (P < 0.01, P< 0.01) with knowledge and attitude. Conclusion: Though, a majority of nursing students had adequate knowledge, few students hold discriminatory attitudes toward people with HIV/AIDS. These findings indicate that there is an urgent need to improve the level of knowledge and attitudes among nursing students toward HIV/AIDS as they have a key role in prevention, care and treatment in their future career as nurses.
Eat Your Water for Health, Sport Performance, and Weight Control

Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Because it is estimated that Americans get approximately 20% of their total water requirements through food consumed, increasing the consumption of water-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and dairy products may have a signifi cant and positive impact on total fl uid consumption. Water is considered the single most important nutrient, yet receives relatively little attention from nutritional experts. This is likely due to the fortunate fact that finely-tuned physiological mechanisms ensure adequate intake in the vast majority of individuals. Accordingly, some even question whether the standard “8 daily glasses” are necessary. Moreover, water is a major constituent of food, comprising up to ~95% of the weight of some common plant-based foods; thus, consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and dairy will inadvertently increase water intake. An added benefit of consuming more water in food is the increased satiation for lower caloric density which facilitates weight loss and maintenance. While most healthy individuals adequately fulfill their hydration needs through the physiological thirst response, some special populations including the very young, very old, and athletes, do deserve special consideration. With the increased incentive for Americans to increase their physical activity, and the increased prevalence of recreational athletes entering endurance athletic events, comes increased impetus to educate all individuals on the importance of proper hydration during exercise training. Most athletes, both professional and recreational, do not obtain adequate hydration to match sweat losses, while some novice endurance athletes over-hydrate placing them at risk for hyponatremia, a potentially life-threatening condition. In general, increasing the consumption of water-rich foods, replacing most caloric beverages with water, and learning about personal hydration needs is sound nutritional advice for everyone to follow.
Occupational Therapy Theory: Values Held by Undergraduate Students

Thisstudy examined the priorities for theory application and for theory development of 149 students from four different undergraduate occupational therapy curricula. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis ofvariance by ranks and again using the F test followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Results ofthe two analyses were consistent: Compared to registered occupational therapists, undergraduate students bold higherprioritiesfor theory application and lower priorities for theory development. The data support a developmental sequencefor theory valuing: valuefor theory application valuefor research value for theory development.