Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Participant and Facilitator verbal behaviour in LivDem groups

247/250 words). Objectives. This paper reports two, related, analyses of verbal material from seven Living Well with Dementia groups: the first examines changes in the verbal behaviours of participants across the course of the sessions in all seven groups; while the second contrasts therapist behaviour in two groups. Methods. In the first analysis, recordings of three sessions from each group were transcribed and participant descriptions of dementia were analysed using the Markers of Assimilation of Problematic Experiences of Dementia (MAPED) rating procedure. In the second analysis, therapist behaviour in weeks two and eight from two groups (named F and G) was analysed using the Hill Counsellor Verbal response rating scale. Inter-rater reliabilities for the two sets of ratings were “good” and “very good” respectively. Results. For the MAPED ratings, a five by four contingency table was analysed using chi-squared, which indicated a highly significant change in assimilation. Post-hoc analysis suggested that there were significant higher levels of level 1 and 2 markers in the first two sessions and level 4 for sessions 5 and 6. Facilitators used significantly more direct guidance and information giving behaviour in the second session at Location F compared to Location G. Conclusions. The results suggest important changes occurred in the way that dementia was described across the seven LivDem groups: this includes both reductions in the avoidance of direct references to dementia after the first two Participant and Facilitator verbal behaviour in LivDem groups 3 sessions, as well as an increase in “insight” statements. Directive facilitator behaviour may be associated with poorer outcomes. Participant and Facilitator verbal behaviour in LivDem groups 4 Living Well with Dementia Groups: changes in participant and therapist verbal behaviour
End-to-End versus Embedding Neural Networks for Language Recognition in Mismatched Conditions

Neural network architectures mapping variable-length speech utterances into ﬁxed dimensional embeddings have started to outperform state-of-the-art i-vector systems in speaker and language recognition tasks. However, neural networks are prone to over-ﬁt to the training domain and may be difﬁcult to adapt to new domains with limited development data. A successful solu-tion, used in recent NIST 2017 language recognition evaluation, consists of training the embedding extractor on out-of-domain data and applying a back-end classiﬁer adapted to the target domain. In this paper, we compare the embedding+back-end approach with the end-to-end evaluation of the neural network to obtain language log-likelihoods. Doing careful adaptation of the networks, we show that end-to-end improved detection cost by 6% relative w.r. t. the best embedding system. We compared two embedding architectures. First, we evaluated embed-dings using a temporal mean+stddev pooling layer to capture the long-term sequence information (a.k.a. x-vectors). Second, we present a novel probabilistic embedding framework where the embedding is a hidden variable. The network predicts a Gaussian posterior distribution for the embedding given each feature frame. Finally, the frame level posteriors can be combined in a principled way to obtain sequence level posteriors. In this manner, we obtain an uncertainty measure about the embedding value. Language scores are obtained integrating over the embedding posterior distribution. In our experiments, x-vectors outperformed probabilistic embeddings for embedding+back-end systems but both attained comparable results for end-to-end systems
Understanding TraÆc Dynamics at a Backbone POP

Spatial and temporal information about traÆc dynamics is central to the design of e ective traÆc engineering practices for IP backbones. In this paper we study backbone traÆc dynamics using data collected at a major POP on a tier-1 IP backbone. We develop a methodology that combines packet-level traces from access links in the POP and BGP routing information to build components of POP-to-POP traÆc matrices. Our results show that there is wide disparity in the volume of traÆc headed towards di erent egress POPs. At the same time, we nd that current routing practices in the backbone tend to constrain traÆc between ingress-egress POP pairs to a small number of paths. As a result, there is a wide variation in the utilization level of links in the backbone. Frequent capacity upgrades of the heavily used links are expensive; the need for such upgrades can be reduced by designing load balancing policies that will route more traÆc over less utilized links. We identify traÆc aggregates based on destination address pre xes and nd that this set of criteria isolates a few aggregates that account for an overwhelmingly large portion of inter-POP traÆc. We also demonstrate that these aggregates exhibit stability throughout the day on per-hour time scales, and thus they form a natural basis for splitting traÆc over multiple paths in order to improve load balancing.
Studying the Impact of Egyptian Hotels' Websites Marketing on Customers' E-Satisfaction

The purpose of this research is to study the impact of Egyptian hotels' websites marketing on customer e-satisfaction and how to achieve e-loyalty through focusing on e-satisfaction success factors website information quality, system convenience, system safety, service quality, expectations and perceptions for hotel services and facilities, and intention to revisit This questionnaire included items pertaining to the customer satisfaction success factors website information quality, system convening Egyptian hotels' websites marketing. The study focused on five star hotels. Most of the customers were dissatisfied about websites marketing in the Egyptian hotels. Enhancing quality of the marketing websites in the hospitality business leads to sustaining hotel-customer relationship, customers E-satisfaction, E-loyalty, increasing the number of new customers, improving the brand image of the Egyptian hotels, and consequently achieve profitability.
COMPUTATION OF MATRIX NORMS WITH APPLICATIONS TO ROBUST OPTIMIZATION

The Thesis is devoted to investigating the problem of computing the norm ‖A‖E,F = max x∈E:‖x‖E≤1 ‖Ax‖F of a linear mapping x 7→ Ax acting from a finite-dimensional normed space (E, ‖ · ‖E) to a finite-dimensional normed space (F, ‖ · ‖F ). This problem is important and interesting by its own right and especially due to its role in Robust Optimization. We mainly focus on the case where (E, ‖ · ‖E) = (Rn, ‖ · ‖p) and (F, ‖ · ‖F ) = (Rm, ‖ · ‖r), so that A can be identified with an m × n matrix; the associated norm ‖A‖E,F is denoted by ‖A‖p,r. There are three simple cases ((p = 1, 1 ≤ r ≤ ∞), (r = ∞, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞), p = r = 2) where ‖ · ‖p,r is easy to compute. We conjecture that these are the only 3 cases where Pp,r is not NP-hard, and prove that Pp,r is NP-hard in the case when 1 ≤ r < p ≤ ∞. We further focus on building efficiently computable upper bounds on ‖·‖p,r. Our first result in this direction is a refinement of Nesterov’s theorems (see [21] and Chapter 13.2 in [22]) stating that in the case of 1 ≤ r ≤ 2 ≤ p ≤ ∞ a natural semidefinite relaxation upper bound Ψp,r(A) on ‖A‖p,r is tight within the absolute constant factor 1 2 √ 3 π − 2 3 ≈ 2.29 (which can be reduced to π/2 ≈ 1.25 when p = 2 or when r = 2). We develop a novel technique for quantifying the quality of the bound Ψp,r and demonstrate that this bound in a wide range of values of p, r, n,m is essentially less conservative than it is suggested by Nesterov’s results. We prove also that the bound Ψp,r coincides with ‖A‖p,r in the case when A has nonnegative entries. Next, we develop a simple interpolation technique allowing to extend the efficiently computable upper bound Ψp,r(A) on ‖A‖p,r from its original domain 1 ≤ r ≤ 2 ≤ p ≤ ∞ to the entire range 1 ≤ p, r ≤ ∞ of values of p, r, and show that the extended bound is tight within a factor depending on p, n, r,m and never exceeding O(1) (max(m,n)) 25 128 . Our analysis demonstrates that this factor does not exceed 9.48 for all p, r, provided that m, n ≤ 100, 000. Finally, we apply our interpolation technique to bound from above the norm of a linear mapping A acting from (Rn, ‖ · ‖p) to the space Sn of symmetric matrices equipped with the standard matrix norm – a situation which is of significant interest for Robust Semidefinite Programming. We demonstrate that for “well-structured”, in certain precise sense, mappings A the norm in question admits efficiently computable upper bound tight within the factor O(1)n1/4.
PII: S0160-7383(99)00108-5

Performance quality was conceptualized as the attributes of a service which are controlled by a tourism supplier, while satisfaction referred to a tourist's emotional state after exposure to the opportunity. A structural equations model hypothesized that perceived performance quality would have a stronger total effect on behavioral intentions than satisfaction. This hypothesis was con®rmed. The analysis also indicated that the perceptions measure of quality ®tted the hypothesized model better than data derived from the subjective discon®rmation measure. Results suggested that evaluation efforts should include assessment of both performance quality and satisfaction, but since performance quality is under management's control it is likely to be the more useful measure.
Antimicrobial Resistance Arising from Food-Animal Productions and Its Mitigation

Antibiotics are routinely used in livestock production to treat and prevent diseases, or more often to promote growth of animals at sub-therapeutic doses. However, the huge amount of antibiotics used selects for resistant bacteria, resulting in development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mostly in intestinal microbiota of food animals. Therefore, animal manure constitutes the single largest reservoir of AMR. Although most of the AMR is carried by commensal bacteria, AMR genes can be transferred to pathogens of both animals and humans through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Therefore, animal manure is a source of AMR contamination and poses a potential risk to human health. Because animal manure is the largest reservoir of AMR, management and treatment of animal manure provide an opportunity to contain and destruct AMR arising from food animal production. Several technologies are available for management and disposal of animal manure, including lagoon storage, intensive biological treatments, composting, and land application. These technologies differ in containing and reducing AMR as they create different physiochemical and biological conditions, which affect the survival of bacteria including antimicrobialresistant bacteria. In this chapter, we discuss the development and occurrence of AMR arising from food animal production, as well as strategies and technologies to mitigate dissemination of AMR off farms to broad environment.
ASAC 2009

Using both multivariate regressions, simultaneous nonlinear equations and a discrete time hazard model, I find that the level of CSR in a firm is a significant determinant of distress, even after controlling for previously identified drivers of firm distress. The relationship is robust to the endogeneity of CSR investments and free cash flow and suggests that there is informational value in extra financial metrics.
BRAIN M I T O C H O N D R I A II. The Relationship of Brain Mitochondria to Glyeolysis

A mitochondrial fraction prepared from calf brain cortex possessed negligible glycolytic activity in the absence of the enzymes of the high speed supernatant fraction. When mitochondria were added to a supernatant system supplemented with optimal amounts of crystalline hexokinase, a 20 per cent stimulation of glycolysis was observed. The supernatant fraction produced minimal amounts of lactate in the absence of exogenous hexokinase; the addition of mitochondria doubled the lactate production. The substitution of glycolytic intermediates for glucose as substrates as well as the addition of exogenous glycolytic enzymes to the supernatant fraction or supernatant fraction plus mitochondria indicated that the mitochondria contributed mainly hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. By direct assay of all of the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, only hexokinase and phosphofructokinase were shown to be concentrated in the mitochondrial fraction. All other glycolytic enzymes were found to exhibit higher total and specific activities in the supernatant fraction. Although it is generally agreed that brain mitochondria, like mitochondria from other tissues, carry out citric acid cycle oxidations and oxidative phosphorylation, there are varying reports in the literature concerning the relationship of the enzymes of glycolysis to the mitochondrial fraction of brain. Hesselbach and Du Buy (1, 2) showed that brain mitochondria convert glucose and glycolytic intermediates to lactate both aerobically and anaerobically. Similarly, Gallagher et al. (3) demonstrated the complete oxidation of glucose and glucose-6-phosphate to carbon dioxide and water by brain mitochondria. On the other hand, BalSzs and Lagnado (4) reported that only 10 per cent of the total glycolytic activity of rat brain was associated with their rnitochondrial preparation. Johnson (5) and Brunngraber and Abood (6) have indicated that most of the glycolytic enzymes are found in the soluble portion of homogenates of brain but that hexokinase is concentrated in the mitochondria. Brunngraber and Abood (6) also reported that the addition of mitochondria to a supernatant fraction in the presence of optimal amounts of exogenous hexokinase caused a twofold stimulation of lactate formation. The mitochondria alone glycolyzedat 25 per cent of the rate of the supernatant fraction. Contrary to the above reports, Brody and Bain (7) and Aldridge (8) concluded that the brain mitochondrial preparations used in their studies possessed no glycolytic activity. Whittaker (9, 10) discovered that the crude mitochondrial fraction from brain contained particles derived from the pinching-off of nerve endings (NEPs) which were easily separable from the mitochondria by density gradient centrifugation. The presence of NEPs which must contain entrapped soluble cytoplasm may explain the 7 to 28 per cent of soluble glycolytic enzymes which Johnson (5) observed in the
AN IMPROVED ROUND ROBIN CPU SCHEDULING ALGORITHM WITH VARYING TIME QUANTUM

Process management is one of the important tasks performed by the operating system. The performance of the system depends on theCPU schedulingalgorithms. The main aim of the CPU scheduling algorithms is to minimize waiting time, turnaround time, response time and context switching and maximizing CPU utilization. First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) Round Robin (RR), Shortest Job First (SJF) and, Priority Scheduling are some popular CPU scheduling algorithms . In time shared systems, Round Robin CPU scheduling is the preferred choice. In Round Robin CPU scheduling,performance of the system depends on the choice of the optimal time quantum. This paper presents an improved Round Robin CPU scheduling algorithm coined enhancing CPU per formance using the features of Shortest Job First and Round Robin scheduling with varying time quantum. The proposed algorithm is experimentally proven better than conventional RR.The simulation results showthat the waiting time and turnaround time havebeen reduced in the proposed algorithm compared to traditional RR.
GENERIC THINNESS IN FINITELY GENERATED SUBGROUPS OF SLn(Z)

We show that for any n ≥ 2, two elements selected uniformly at random from a symmetrized Euclidean ball of radius X in SLn(Z) will generate a thin free group with probability tending to 1 as X → ∞. This is done by showing that the two elements will form a ping-pong pair, when acting on a suitable space, with probability tending to 1. On the other hand, we give an upper bound less than 1 for the probability that two such elements will form a ping-pong pair in the usual Euclidean ball model in the case where n > 2.
The role and supportive care needs of the partners and carers of women with breast cancer

More than 15,000 women are expected to be diagnosed with breast cancer in Australia in 2016. The shift towards delivering cancer care through ambulatory treatment centres means that partners, relatives, children, siblings and friends of women diagnosed with breast cancer are commonly required to provide much-needed care and support for these women post-treatment. The role of 'carer' can take many different forms and for some, it can be equivalent to a full-time job, with many carers reporting having more things to do than they can handle. Being a carer can be a positive experience, for example some husbands of breast cancer patients undergoing active treatment reported both interpersonal and intrapersonal benefits of caring, such as feeling closer to their partner and growing as a person. However, there is ample evidence that taking on the role of carer has significant impacts on carers' physical and mental health and many carers feel illprepared for that role, especially if the care requires them to address complex medical needs while also supporting their loved one with the psychological challenges experienced following a cancer diagnosis. The inter-relationship between patients' and carers' wellbeing is well-documented, with evidence suggesting that carers' physical and mental wellbeing may influence patient status. Hence, offering informal carers interventions that are structured, goal-oriented and time-limited is recommended to support them in their roles, and many argue that family carers should be considered a 'co-user', or 'co-client' of cancer services.
Job characteristics: What can we learn from the East?

Since being introduced in 2000, the Job Demands and Resources (JD-R) model (Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner & Schaufeli, 2000) has been studied extensively in various Western countries. Although the JD-R proposition is not proscriptive about specifi c demands and resource variables, scholars have used common variables as demands (e.g. workloads, deadlines), and as resources (e.g. support). The question is whether the common variables in the JD-R model that had their origins in Western formulations are applicable in developing countries. In this paper, based on grounded theory, we conducted focus group interviews to investigate specifi c variables that may apply in Malaysian workplaces. Two focus group interviews (N=13) were conducted with two groups of respondents (managers and non-managers) who worked for private and public sector organizations. Data were analysed using a thematic content analysis strategy. The study found that new variables (e.g. organizational politics, bureaucratic factors) emerged as new demands not generally explored in JD-R research, whereas similar demands were identifi ed at a job-task level (e.g. deadlines). Regarding resources these were mainly identifi ed as in other Western research (e.g. support). Job challenge and exploring new things were identifi ed as pleasurable aspects of work. This fi nding suggests that using qualitative methods is crucial to exploring the psychosocial concept of stress at work to uncover cultural diff erences that are apparent between Malaysian and Western employees.
What are the Fiscal Limits for the Developing Economies of Central America and the Caribbean?

This study uses simulations of state-dependent distributions of fiscal limits for 18 economies in Central America and the Caribbean to better understand governments¿ ability to service their debt, arising from endogenously determined dynamic Laffer curves. Using a small, open economy model to simulate macroeconomic fundamentals and fiscal policy interactions, the empirical findings produced results not previous available for these economies, showing varying and wider distributions of fiscal limits for the open economy model subject to terms-of-trade and flexible exchange rate shocks. This indicates that terms-of-trade and exchange rate volatility impacted the ability of national economies to service their debt. It is therefore prudent that policymakers and central bankers consider models that incorporate the use of trade and exchange rate volatility as a robust way of more accurately determining fiscal limits, which are a critical component in understanding governments' ability to service their debt.
Prevalence of Stunting and Associated Factors among School Age Children in Primary Schools of Haik Town, South Wollo Zone, North- Eastern Ethiopia, 2017

Background: Under-nutrition is the major public health problem in the developing countries including Ethiopia. This study aimed to investigate the magnitude of stunting and associated factors among school age children.Methods: A school based cross-sectional study was conducted on 414 school age children in Haiyk town Primary schools, North eastern Ethiopia in May 2017. In this study, Stunting was defined as a child whose height for age Z-scores is below -2SD. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis to identify associated factors and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed to control the effect of potential confounders. Variables with a pvalue< 0.05 in the multivariable model were identified as predictors of stunting.Results: The prevalence of stunting among school age children was 44 (11.3%) with Z-scores below-2SD and 83.7% of students were categorized under 16.5-18.5 body mass index. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that increased child level of education (AOR 4.028; 95% CI 1.72, 9.42), did not have additional food during study time (AOR 2.12; 95% CI 1.10, 4.12) and use of mixed food (AOR 0.20; 95% CI 0.06, 0.70) have been found significant associated with stunting.Conclusion: The study revealed that magnitude of stunting among school age children was suboptimal. Therefore, interventions could focus on educating parents on the importance of timely feeding, balanced diet; economize use of the available resources. Further analytic studies should be conducted to investigate the causes of stunting among school children in the study area.
Biomarkers in Advanced Prostate Cancer

Second to skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most common neoplastic injury in North American men. Over a lifetime, 1 out of 7 men will receive a diagnosis of prostate cancer [1-3]. Although, the 5-year survival rate is nearly 100% for stages I to III, it drops to 29% for metastatic stage IV cancers. Thankfully, more than 80% of prostate tumors are detected in the early stages, in large part due to screening using biomarkers like prostatespecific antigen (PSA) [4]. At the moment, PSA blood test is the most widely used biomarker for prostate cancer detection and is considered superior to other risk factors such as race and family history of prostate cancer [5]. However, the PSA blood test is far from being the optimal diagnostic biomarker. In fact, several groups agree that PSA has limitations in terms of specificity and sensitivity [6]. It does not seem to help reduce cancer mortality, and both the US Preventive Task Force and the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care recommend against systematic screening with PSA [3,7,8]. As such, development of more sensitive and more specific biomarkers allowing for
Convolution of ultradistributions and ultradistribution spaces associated to translation-invariant Banach spaces

We introduce and study a number of new spaces of ultradifferentiable functions and ultradistributions and we apply our results to the study of the convolution of ultradistributions. The spaces of convolutors O-C'*(R-d) for tempered ultradistributions are analyzed via the duality with respect to the test function spaces O-C*(R-d) introduced in this article. We also study ultradistribution spaces associated to translation-invariant Banach spaces of tempered ultradistributions and use their properties to provide a full characterization of the general convolution of Roumieu ultradistributions via the space of integrable ultradistributions. We show that the convolution of two Roumieu ultra distributions T, S is an element of D'({Mp}) (R-d) exists if and only if (phi * S)T is an element of D-L1'({Mp}) (R-d) for every phi is an element of D-{Mp} (R-d).