Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leadership Style and Teachers Commitment in Public Primary Schools in Bomet County, Kenya

The objective of this study was twofold. First was to establish the leadership style adopted by head teachers in public primary schools in Bomet County. Second was to investigate the influence of head teachers’ leadership style on teachers’ commitment. 100 teachers from twenty schools in three sub-counties participated in the survey. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Teachers perceived their head teachers to practice transformational leadership more than transactional leadership approaches. The overall commitment of teachers was moderate. Affective and normative commitment was moderate implying that teachers fairly identified and feel obliged to continue serving with the school or teaching profession. The low mean scores of Affective Commitment imply that teachers have low appreciation and emotional attachment to the schools or teaching profession. The study further revealed positive correlations between a transformational leadership and normative commitment of teachers. There was also a positive correlation between transactional leadership style and affective commitment. The low correlation between variables was attributed to other factors which may be overwhelming such as the poor working environment and lack or limited teaching tools. It is recommended that a combination of both transformational and transactional leadership attributes should be used in order to bring out the best positive influence on teachers commitment. It is further recommended that the working environment in public primary schools be improved by provision of basic facilities and tools. Institutional Leadership will have substantive impact in an environment where basic and minimum facilities are provided. Keywords: Leadership style, Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Laissez-faire leadership, Commitment.
Adjudicative competence in adolescent defendants: Judges' and defense attorneys' views of legal standards for adolescents in juvenile and criminal court.

Although courts have increasingly required that adolescent defendants be competent to proceed with adjudication, the legal standard for competence in juvenile court is not yet settled. As a first step toward obtaining greater clarification in legal standards, in this study the authors surveyed 338 judges and defense attorneys regarding their beliefs about competence standards. Judges and defense attorneys believe that it is particularly important for juveniles to have competence-related legal capacities, compared to adults. However, lower levels of competence were considered necessary for juveniles adjudicated in juvenile court than for juveniles adjudicated in criminal court. Developmental immaturity was seen as moderately important to juveniles’ competence, although it was rated as less important than mental disorders or cognitive impairments. Furthermore, relatively few judges appear to agree that adolescents should be found incompetent on the basis of developmental immaturity alone. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Stacking autocorrelograms to map Moho depth with high spatial resolution in southeastern Australia

Current estimates of Moho depth in southeastern Australia are based on sparse sampling. The results are augmented with 180 new Moho estimates constructed from spatial stacks of crustal P wave reflectivity derived from autocorrelograms at over 750 stations. The spatial stacks of reflectivity are constructed using a Gaussian with half width 0.5°. Picks of the base of crustal reflectivity are made with the aid of the previous Moho model, based on the sparser data, and knowledge of the variation in the character of the crust‐mantle boundary across the region. Good ties can be made to previous results from deep reflection profiling. The new information fills in many holes in coverage and provides a Moho map with closer ties to geological provinces. The procedure exploits the continuous records at the stations and just the vertical components and so can be applied to older data for which receiver function techniques cannot be used.
Influence of Edge Rate, Global Optical Flow Rate, Angle, and Expansion Rate on Braking Behavior

Russell, Sheldon M. M.S., Department of Psychology, Wright State University, 2010. Influence of Edge Rate, Global Optical Flow Rate, Angle, and Expansion Rate on Braking Behavior A driving simulator was used to understand the way humans control collisions. Based on the research of Smith et al. (2001), and McKenna (2004), this study altered distance to and size of a target to determine if optical angle and expansion rate were used independently to control behavior in a collision event rather than combined into a single variable, tau, as suggested by Lee (1976). Furthermore, edge rate as defined by Denton (1980) and global optical flow rate (GOFR) (Warren, 1982) were considered as possible visual sources of egomotion information. Similar to the results found by McKenna (2004), participants appeared to use bang-bang control in controlling the simulated automobile (full acceleration followed by full braking). Data also suggests that participants utilize angle and expansion rate as independent sources of information. Manipulation of GOFR and edge rate information did not influence performance in this simulation. Possibilities for future research are discussed.
Meat quality evaluation of broiler breast fillets affected by aging time and marination.

Poultry meat production in Argentina has experienced an important increase. Poultry processors have incorporated different strategies to reduce processing time and improve quality of breast fillets. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of deboning time and marination on meat quality of broiler breast fillets produced in Argentina. Three hundred sixty commercial 48 d old male broilers were aged for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 24 h before deboning. After deboning pH and color were determined. The right fillet of each breast was immediately quick-frozen and the left fillet was marinated by injection and then quick-frozen. All breast fillets were stored when frozen for 60 d and then thawed for pH, color, Warner-Bratzler shear force and thawing loss determinations. pH measured at deboning decreased during the first 4 h of aging in not marinated fillets. Measures taken after frozen storage showed no changes in pH with aging time. Lightness measured at deboning increased with aging time. Shear values in both marinated and not marinated fillets decreased as from 6 h of aging. Furthermore, marinated treatment reduced shear values in all aging time.
A Visual Analysis of a Malaysian English School Textbook: Gender Matters

In the Malaysian education system, attention is highly paid on reading words. Visual images are often treated as “decoration”, or are dismissed altogether (Kress & Leeuwen, 1996). Many local researchers (Saedah 1990, Bahiyah et al., 2008) have only analysed written texts to see how social practices deemed negative such as gender biasness are reflected in the words (lexical items) and linguistic structures. Currently, no systematic research has been undertaken in Malaysia to analyse visual images in English language school textbooks to study how visual images can reflect gender biasness. This research project addresses gender biasness found in visual images in school textbooks, i.e., the treatment of one gender over the other especially of women and girls. The project adopts three widely used approaches for analyzing visual images; content, socio semiotic and ethno-methodology analyses. This paper will however highlight its preliminary analysis focusing on image analysis based on participation, gender and representational meanings. Its aim is to identify the types of images and the representation of gender biasness and stereotyping found in the textbook. The preliminary findings should expose the sexism and gender biasness in the visual images of a sampled textbook; i.e. an English school textbook that is abound with visual images that sometimes, more so than written texts, can articulate more forcefully social and cultural meanings.
The Effect of Psychological Capital and Knowledge Sharing on Innovation Performance for Professional Technical Employees

Professional technical employees are the core staff to maintain the normal operation of the organization and the backbone of the workforce. Their levels of innovation influence and restrict the overall innovation performance levels of the corporation to a large extent. Therefore, it is of vital importance to explore and develop the innovation performance of the professional technical employees. The research, combining the theories of psychological capital, is aimed at examining the effect of psychological capital on innovation performance of the professional technical employees through the angle of knowledge sharing. Based on the hierarchical regression analysis of 347 questionnaires, the study finds that the psychological capital of the employees has a significant positive effect on the innovation performance. Meanwhile, knowledge sharing plays a completely mediating role. The corporation should lay emphasis on the psychological capital and create an atmosphere of learning organization, so as to improve and enhance the innovation performance of employees.
Housing Values of Adult Children and their Parents. Is the Quality of Housing Transmitted between Generations?

This paper investigates to what extent the value of housing is transmitted from one generation to the next. Using the Social Statistical dataBase (SSB) for the Netherlands in 2003 and OLS regression analysis, it is found that the value of the parents' home is an important predictor of housing value. Even after controlling for the fact that parents and children might operate in the same housing market, and parental characteristics such as income, age and household status, strong similarities are found between the value of the parents' home and that of their adult children. Finally, it is concluded that parental housing value is a robust measure of the parents' socio-economic status because it reflects the parents' complete socio-economic histories.
Differential relationship of coping styles with well-being and ill-being of professional firemen

2Private practice In the present study we were interested in how coping styles relate to different indicators of well– and ill-being. We assumed that coping styles are differently related to well– and ill-being indicators because they are theoretically and empirically independent from each other. To examine this assumption we asked 139 professional firemen to fill in measures of coping styles (COPE, EAS), well-being (PANAS, SWLS) and ill-being (IES-R, PANAS). The results confirmed the overall importance of non-constructive coping for illbeing and well-being, whereas constructive coping predicted only positive emotionality. The prototypical masculine working environment characteristic for our sample could be the cause that socially/emotionally oriented coping is the weakest predictor of well-being, although other studies report the adaptive role of conscientious dealing with individual’s own emotions as a coping style. Both well– and ill-being measures should be used to get an insight into a complex area of individual’s adaptation to stress.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ENUMERATION OF SOIL MYCOFLORA IN BRINJAL CROP FIELDS.

Soil is a complex ecosystem. Many biological processes take place in the soil. Soil is a medium with solids, liquids, and gases in which minerals and organic particles form differently sized aggregates that delimit pores. Soil organic matter plays an important role in determining the fertility and productivity of soils (Tisdall and Oades, 1982; Feller and Beare, 1997). This organization creates microenvironments that are suited for microbial activities to the various extents (Chotte et al., 1997). Microorganisms are beneficial in increasing the soil fertility and plant growth as they are involved in several biochemical transformation and mineralization activities in soil. Natural and anthropogenic disturbances can alter the species composition or may have a negative effect on species diversity of decomposer fungi. These changes may directly or indirectly affect the vital functions of the soil such as decomposition and mineralization and may result in disturbances.
Empirical Methodology to Estimate Seismically Induced Settlement of Partially Saturated Sand

AbstractSettlement of soil layers during and after earthquake shaking is a major cause of damage to buildings and geotechnical structures. The available empirical design methods to consider seismically induced settlement focus on sands in dry or water-saturated conditions, and there is currently a gap in the basic understanding of the mechanisms of seismically induced settlements of partially saturated sands. An effective stress-based empirical methodology is proposed to estimate the seismically induced settlement of a free-field layer of sand in partially saturated conditions. This approach estimates the settlement by separately considering the volumetric strains caused by compression of void space during strong shaking (seismic compression) and dissipation of excess pore water pressures generated during earthquake shaking (postcyclic reconsolidation). A parametric evaluation of the methodology indicates that the small strain shear modulus, the parameters of the modulus reduction curve, the approach to e.
Counteracting Free-Riding With Team Morale—An Experimental Study

This study focuses on a behavioral perspective to examine the detrimental effects of freeriding on team performance, and investigates team morale as a key factor that counteracts the tendency of free-riding among team members. Results of the empirical test imply that enhancing team morale can effectively reduce the scale of free-riding behavior in project teams; in addition, controlling team size also provides help to constrain the undesired behavior. The two means can be carefully applied to project management during early stages of project development before the commitment of significant resources. Implications for both research and team practices are discussed.
Can bank boards prevent misconduct

We study regulatory enforcement actions issued against US banks to show that both board monitoring and advising are effective in preventing misconduct by banks. While better monitoring by boards prevents all categories of misconduct, better advising prevents misconduct of a technical nature. Board monitoring increases the likelihood that misconduct is detected, increases the penalties imposed on the CEO, and alleviates shareholder wealth losses following the detection of misconduct by regulators. Our article offers novel insights on how to structure bank boards to prevent bank misconduct.
Gravity-wave effects on tracer gases and stratospheric aerosol concentrations during the 2013 ChArMEx campaign

Coupled balloon-borne observations of Light Optical Aerosol Counter (LOAC), M10 meteorological global positioning system (GPS) sondes, ozonesondes, and GPS radio occultation data, are examined to identify gravity-wave (GW)-induced fluctuations on tracer gases and on the vertical distribution of stratospheric aerosol concentrations during the 2013 ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) campaign. Observations reveal signatures of GWs with short vertical wavelengths less than 4 km in dynamical parameters and tracer constituents, which are also correlated with the presence of thin layers of strong local enhancements of aerosol concentrations in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere. In particular, this is evident from a case study above Ile du Levant (43.02° N, 6.46° E) on 26–29 July 2013. Observations show a strong activity of dominant mesoscale inertia GWs with horizontal and vertical wavelengths of 370–510 km and 2–3 km respectively, and periods of 10–13 h propagating southward at altitudes of 13–20 km during 27–28 July. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses also show evidence of mesoscale inertia GWs with similar horizontal characteristics above the eastern part of France. Ray-tracing experiments indicate the jet-front system as the main source of observed GWs. Using a simplified linear GW theory, synthetic vertical profiles of dynamical parameters with large stratospheric vertical wind maximum oscillations of ±40 mms−1 are produced for the dominant mesoscale GW observed at heights of 13–20 km. Parcel advection method reveals signatures of GWs in the ozone mixing ratio and the tropospheric-specific humidity. Simulated vertical wind perturbations of the dominant GWs and small-scale perturbations of aerosol concentration (aerosol size of 0.2–0.7 µm) are revealed to be in phase in the lower stratosphere. Present results support the importance of vertical wind perturbations in the GW–aerosol relationship. Observed mesoscale GWs induce a strong modulation of the amplitude of tracer gases and the stratospheric aerosol background.
Molecular genetic analysis of some North African barley germplasms

Isozyme and RAPD markers were used to characterize 29 barley accessions, which were collected from North Africa. In addition, resistance gene sequences were employed to develop molecular markers using RT-PCR approach. High level of polymorphism was found with both RAPD and isozyme markers, where RAPD showed that 60 % of amplified bands were polymorphic. Peroxidase showed three polymorphic loci (7 allelic bands). Isozymes cluster analysis successfully separated the barley accessions into three geographically distinct groups. RAPD investigation demonstrated that Egyptian accessions were grouped into two obvious groups. Moreover, the Tunisian accessions showed no distinct clustering, while high dissimilarities were revealed by the Algerian accessions. In the RT-PCR, from six primer pairs selected, primer pair AF092524P1P2 successfully amplified two specific amplicons of approximately (340 & 220 bp) and (360 & 270 bp), respectively in two Egyptian barley genotypes (El-Awamah and Awlad-Ali). One primer pair DN988165P1P2 gave only one specific amplicon in both barley genotypes of 250 and 270 bp, respectively. The markers developed could be used in improving barley crop by assisting in breeding selection of resistance genotypes.
Personality organization and sense of identity across clinical and non-clinical populations

background The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the core dimensions of personality organization introduced by Kernberg and the basic aspects of the sense of personal identity as criteria of mental health, and to verify those theses of Kernberg’s theory that link the maturity of one’s sense of identity with one’s development in the domains of functioning considered the core dimensions of personality. The main predictions were that (a) the core dimensions of personality organization and the basic aspects of the sense of identity would discriminate between patients diagnosed with mental disorders and individuals drawn from the general population, and (b) lower levels of personality functioning would be related to weakening and disorganization of the sense of identity.
Institutional Grafting as a Three-Dimensional Phenomenon

This study introduces a comprehensive model of institutional grafting by examining the formation of legal institutions as shaped by three forces: (1) cultural, (2) structural, and (3) political. The model is used to argue that a country's growth rates are a function of the distance that new legal institutions develop to these three forces. We demonstrate that the potential size of such distance varies depending on the phase of institutional change in which legal institutions emerge: drift/evolution or critical junctures. When a country drifts along the established institutional path, the distance is likely to be minimal, enabling rapid economic development. When a country changes its institutional path, the distance proves large and hinders economic growth. These propositions are tested empirically based on a sample of 53 countries for the period from 1996 to 2008. The post-communist transition is used as an example of critical junctures.
Detection and Characterization of Plum Pox Potyvirus (PPV) by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR / RFLP Analysis in Turkey

This study was conducted to determine the presence of plum pox virus (PPV) (family Potyviridae, genus Potyvirus) in different regions of Turkey and to characterize PPV isolates by serological and molecular techniques, including ELISA and PCR/ RFLP. Thus, leaf samples from different stone fruit species (almond, apricot, nectarine, peach, plum and sour and sweet cherry) exhibiting various types of symptoms related to PPV were collected from different parts of the canopy from randomly selected orchards in the main stone fruit growing areas in Turkey, except for Malatya province. Polyclonal antibodies were used to detect the presence of PPV in the plant samples by serological assays (DAS-ELISA). The following monoclonal antibodies (MAbs); Mab 5B (Universal), Mab 4DG5 (PPV-D: Dideron-specific), Mab AL (PPV-M: Marcus-specific), Mab EA24 (PPV-El Amar-specific) and Mab AC (PPV-C: Cherry- specific), were used to identify the serotyping of PPV isolates. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of RT-PCR products were performed to characterize Turkish PPV isolates. The results of RT-PCR analyses using general primers were in complete agreement with the DAS-ELISA and DASI-ELISA results, showing that 2 of 52 stone fruit samples collected from apricots in Ankara province were infected with the M strain of PPV. This study confirmed the results of the previous work and demonstrated the presence of the PPV-M strain in apricots in Turkey. Ozet: Ulkemizin farkl› bolgelerinde Plum pox virus (PPV) (family Potyviridae, genus Potyvirus)'unun belirlenmesi ve geliflmifl yontemler ile PPV izolatlar›n›n araflt›r›lmas› amac› ile, Malatya yoresi d›fl›nda kalan ulkemizin onemli yetifltirici bolgelerinde tesadufi olarak secilen bahcelerden PPV'ye ozgu belirtiler gosteren badem, erik, kay›s›, kiraz, nektarin, fleftali, ve viflne aaclar›ndan yaprak ornekleri toplanm›flt›r. Serolojik (DAS-ELISA) cal›flmalarda polyclonal antibodiler ve monoclonal antibodiler (MAbs); Mab5B (Universal), Mab4DG5 (PPV-D: Dideron), MabAL (PPV-M: Marcus), MabEA24 (PPV-El Amar) ve MabAC (PPV-C: Cherry) kullan›lm›flt›r. Turkiye'ye ait PPV izolatlar›n› karakterize etmek icin RT-PCR (Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) / RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism) analizi yap›lm›flt›r. RT-PCR/RFLP analizi ile DAS-ELISA ve DASI-ELISA bulgular›n› destekleyen sonuclar elde edilmifltir. Toplam 52 ornekten iki adetinin PPV ile enfekteli olduu ve bu iki kay›s› izolat›n›n M straini olduu belirlenmifltir. Bu cal›flma ile Turkiye'de kays›da PPV-M ›rk›n›n varl›¤›na dair onceki araflt›rma bulgular› desteklenmifltir.
Multimodal Communicative Feedback in Swedish

This study investigates multimodal communicative feedback among speakers of Swedish. We find that the most common way of providing feedback in Swedish is by a multimodal combination of a gestural verbal and a vocal-verbal basic feedback unit, or by just a feedback word or a verbal head gesture on its own. The most common verbal head gestures are nods, and the most common vocal-verbal feedback is just one of four short words. We also find that while nods are primarily used for giving feedback, all other head gestures are more typically used for non-feedback purposes.