Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Ars legendi-faculty award for excellent teaching in medicine: honour and career stepping stone

Seit dem Jahr 2006 vergibt der Stifterverband der DeutschenWissenschaft den „Ars legendi-Preis für exzellente Hochschullehre“ in jährlich wechselnden Fächern als Auszeichnung für die besondere Leistung einesHochschullehrers/einer Hochschullehrerin, um „die Qualität der Lehre als wesentliches Exzellenzkriterium für Hochschulen zu etablieren“ [http://www.stifterverband. info/wissenschaft_und_hochschule/lehre/ars_legendi_fakultaetenpreis/]. Den Anfang machte im Jahr 2006 die Medizin mit den Preisträgern Prof. Dr. med. Sigrid Harendza, MME (Bern), Universität Hamburg, und Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h.c. Reinhard Putz, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Aus diesem Konzept der Auszeichnung, mit dem einerseits die Qualität der Lehre als zentrales Gütekriterium einer Hochschule gewürdigt und andererseits ein karrierewirksamer Anreiz für den akademischen Nachwuchs geschaffen wurde, ist ab dem Jahr 2010 der „Ars legendiFakultätenpreis“ entstanden. Auch hier machte dieMedizin den Anfang. Der „Ars legendi-Fakultätenpreis für exzellente Lehre in derMedizin“ wird seither jährlich gemeinsam vom Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft und demMedizinischen Fakultätentag (MFT) der Bundesrepublik Deutschland vergeben (bisherige Preisträgerinnen und Preisträger siehe Tabelle 1). Der „Ars legendi-Fakultätenpreis für exzellente Lehre in der Medizin“ nimmt eine besondere Stellung im Gefüge der Preise zur Verbesserung der Qualität der Lehre ein. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden bereits innerhalb der medizinischen Fakultäten in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz an vielen Standorten sogenannte „Teacher of the Year“ Preise eingerichtet, die zum überwiegenden Teil aufgrund der Bewertung von Lehrenden durch Studierende zustande kommen. Eine Untersuchung aus Kanada, wo solche Fakultätenpreise schon länger etabliert sind, zeigt, dass sich 45% der Empfängerinnen und Empfänger solcher Preise inspiriert fühlten, ihre Lehre weiter zu verbessern, während die Abteilungsdirektoren der Preisträgerinnen und Preisträger einen solchen Preis eher als wesentlich für das Prestige der Abteilung als für die Qualität der Lehre ansahen [1]. Eine kürzlich in den USA durchgeführte Metaanalyse über durch Fakultäten vergebene Lehrpreise konnte unter anderem die folgenden wesentlichen Aspekte herausarbeiten [2]:
Detours in the Path toward Strategic Information Systems Alignment

In studying strategic information systems (IS) alignment, it is important to examine the associated processes over time rather than viewing alignment as an isolated event. This article focuses on how organizations undergo a series of interdependent changes in business strategy and IS strategy in order to increase the alignment between them. Based primarily on detailed case studies of changes over long time-periods in three organizations, the research suggests that this process of adaptation and change, which allows alignment to occur, is more complex than previously believed. While efforts to achieve alignment between IS and the business do sometimes produce alignment, they often go astray. There are three such potentially problematic trajectories—excessive transformation, paradoxical decisions, and uncertain turnarounds. This article identifies some factors explaining why organizations might pursue these problematic trajectories and offers some suggestions for avoiding them.
Pax6 directly modulate Sox2 expression in the neural progenitor cells

Pax6 is a key regulator in the neuronal fate determination as well as the proliferation of neural stem cells, but the mechanisms are still unknown. Our study shows that Pax6 regulate the proliferation of neural progenitor cells of cortical subventricular zone, through direct modulation of the Sox2 expression during the late developmental stage in mice. We found a dramatic decrease in the number of Sox2+ neural progenitor cells in the subventricular zone of E18.5 Pax6−/− mice. We confirmed that Pax6 could bind to the Sox2 promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and activate Sox2 expression by a luciferase reporter gene assay. Moreover, neural progenitors isolated from the Pax6−/− embryos showed a decreased neurosphere formation as well as proliferation.
The Capital Structure Decisions of New Firms

This paper investigates the capital structure choices that firms make in their initial year of operation, using restricted-access data from the Kauffman Firm Survey. Contrary to many accounts of startup activity, the firms in our data rely heavily on external debt sources such as bank financing, and less extensively on friends and family-based funding sources. This fact is robust to numerous controls for credit quality, industry, and business owner characteristics. The heavy reliance on external debt underscores the importance of well functioning credit markets for the success of nascent business activity.
Openness, Central Bank Independence, and the Sacrifice Ratio

Traditional explanations of the negative correlation between openness and inflation presume that an inverse relationship between the degree of openness and the sacrifice ratio reduces the inflation bias of descretionary monetary policy. Temple (2002) concludes, however, that such a relationship fails to emerge in cross-country data. Our analysis of the same cross-country data considered by Temple indicates that once the degree of central bank independence and its interaction with greater openness and the sacrifice ratio. In addition, increased openness lessens the positive effect of central bank independence on the sacrifice ratio.
Residual phase noise modeling of amplifiers using silicon bipolar transistors

In this paper, we describe the modeling of residual 1/f phase noise for Si bipolar amplifiers operating in the linear region. We propose that for Si bipolar amplifiers, the 1/f phase noise is largely caused by the base emitter recombination flicker noise. The up-conversion mechanism is described through linear approximation of the phase variation of the amplifier phase response by the variation of the device parameters (Cbc, Cbe, gm, re) caused by the recombination 1/f noise. The amplifier phase response describes the device over the whole frequency range of operation for which the influence of the poles and zeros is investigated. It is found that for a common emitter amplifier it is sufficient to only incorporate the effect of the device poles to describe the phase noise behavior over most of its operational frequency range. Simulations predict the measurements of others, including the flattening of the PM noise at frequencies beyond f3dB, not predicted by previous models.
[Outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcome of in vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with infertility. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed from 52 patients with PCOS (PCOS group) and 408 cases with tubal infertility (control group). Both groups underwent IVF-ET treatment from 2001 to 2004. The duration of stimulation, amps of gammaFSH, the level of serum E2, P on the day of HCG injection, the number of oocytes retrieved, the rates of fertilization, cleavage, implantation and pregnancy, the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and cancelled rate of ET were compared between the two groups. RESULT The duration of stimulation and amps of gammaFSH were not significantly different between the two groups. The concentration of serum E2, P on the day of HCG injection, the numbers of oocytes retrieved and cleavaged embryos were significantly higher in PCOS group (P <0.01, <0.05). Fertilization rate was significantly lower in PCOS group (P <0.01). The implantation, pregnancy and miscarriage rates per ET were not statistically significant. The OHSS rates and cancelled rates of ET were higher in PCOS group (P <0.01). CONCLUSION Women with PCOS have a lower fertilization rate compared with those with tubal-factor fertility during IVF-ET. However, more oocytes are recovered and the preimplanted embryo has a normal chance of implantation leading to similar pregnancy rates. The OHSS rates and cancelled rates of ET are higher in PCOS because of a greater number of oocytes developed and a higher level of E2.
The Problem of Overskilling in Australia and Britain

In this paper we examine the parallel trends in education and labour market developments in Australia and Britain using unique information on reported overskilling in the workplace. To a degree, the overskilling information overcomes the problem of unobserved ability differences and focuses on the actual job–employee mismatch more than the conventional overeducation variables can. The paper finds that the prevalence of overskilling decreases with education at least for Australia, but the wage penalty associated with overskilling increases with education. Although the prevalence of overskilling differs between Australia and Britain, the pattern of the wage penalties is fairly similar in both countries.
Role of a membrane glycoprotein in Friend virus erythroleukemia: nucleotide sequences of nonleukemogenic mutant and spontaneous revertant viruses

We previously isolated spontaneous env gene mutants of Friend spleen focus-forming virus that are nonleukemogenic in adult mice but form leukemogenic revertants in newborns; we found that the revertants contain secondary env mutations. To identify sites in the encoded membrane glycoprotein that are important for its pathogenic function, we molecularly cloned and partially sequenced the env genes of two mutant viruses (clone 63 and clone 4) and one revertant (clone 4REV). Clone 63 contained three noncontiguous point mutations that caused nonconservative amino acid substitutions of Gly-119----Arg-119, Cys-180----Tyr-180, and Gly-203----Arg-203 in the xenotropic-related domain of the env glycoprotein. These substitutions were presumably responsible for the altered electrophoretic and pathogenic properties of the mutant glycoprotein. The presence of these and several other G-A nucleotide substitutions at different sites in one spontaneous mutant provided striking evidence that error-rich proviruses can form during retroviral replication. Clone 4 contained a point mutation that generated a premature termination condon at amino acid residue 304 (Gln-304----Ochre-304). This termination codon was located immediately after the proposed xenotropic-ecotropic recombination site and eliminated the ecotropic-related domain, including the putative membrane anchor of the glycoprotein. Clone 4REV was a true revertant derived from clone 4 in which the premature termination codon had back-mutated to re-form the wild-type sequence. These results confirm an essential role for the env gene in Friend spleen focus-forming virus pathogenesis and suggest that the encoded membrane glycoprotein contains different domains that contribute to its pathogenic function.
'Perfect' Real Estate Liquidity and Adjustment Paths to Long-run Equilibrium

The purpose of this paper is to formulate an example of the international macroeconomic climate with ‘perfect’ real estate liquidity and identify the crucial implications brought about by such extreme degrees of real estate liquidity, or ‘financial’ real estate. For this, we will extend the traditional Keynesian international macroeconomic model, revisited and modified in the study of Branson and Buiter (1983), and construct a simple analytical framework with reference to the recent economic climate with extreme degrees of real estate liquidity. It will be shown that, after the increase in the foreign interest rate, real estate liquidity may help reduce the fluctuations of home output along an adjustment path between one equilibrium position and another. This finding suggests that real estate liquidity may serve as a buffer against influences from foreign countries, although within the setting of a theoretical perfect market.
Dual sourcing strategy in mass customized manufacturing

This paper studies dual sourcing strategy in mass customized manufacturing for two differentiable products. The supplier¿s collaboration is represented by two stages game to optimize price and capacity decision and the buyer-suppliers collaboration is represented by joining the profit optimization. In order to mitigate the demand uncertainty effect, the long term decision is taken into consideration. The results show that it is possible to the suppliers to involve at higher level of cooperation by considering rewards and punishment from the buyer, which means it is possible to apply outsourcing to strategic items. The final part of the paper concludes the results and outlines future research directions.
Inquiry-Based Instruction for Students with Special Needs in School Based Agricultural Education.

Educating students with special needs in school based agricultural education (SBAE) is a problem that should be addressed. While many students in SBAE classes have special needs, contradicting research exists establishing the best method of instruction for students with special needs. Inquiry–based instruction shows some promise, but little is known about its effectiveness in SBAE settings for students with special needs. The purpose of this study was to determine if inquiry–based instruction impacts content knowledge achievement for students with special needs. A one–group pretest–posttest, design was used to determine if students with an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) differed in content knowledge achievement from those students without IEPs. No difference in content knowledge achievement was found between students with IEPs and those without over seven pre and post tests using ANCOVA measures. Based on these findings inquiry–based instruction can be an effective method of instruction for students with special needs and should be used when appropriate.
Does the Visiting Friends and Relatives’ Typology Make a Difference? A Study of the International VFR Market to the United States

Using data from the In-Flight Survey of International Travelers for 1997, this study analyzed international visiting friends and relatives’ travelers (VFRs) to the United States. Three of the factors in an initial typology of VFRs were tested for their effects on travel expenditures. These typology factors (sector, scope, accommodation used) were found to have a significant influence on the expenditures of international VFRs to the United States. VFRs for whom VFR was the main travel purpose differed in their spending patterns from those for whom it was a secondary purpose. VFRs who used commercial accommodation had different expenditures from those who exclusively stayed in private homes. VFRs from individual countries differed in travel expenditures. Besides partially validating the typology, this study determined that international VFRs made substantial use of commercial accommodation and had significant expenditures on food and beverages, transportation, gifts and souvenirs, and entertainment.
The Main Features of CPL

The paper provides an informal account of CPL, a new programming language currently being implemented for the Titan at Cambridge and the Atlas at London University. CPL is based on, and contains the concepts of, ALGOL 60. In addition there are extended data descriptions, command and expression structures, provision for manipulating non-numerical objects, and comprehensive input-output facilities. However, CPL is not just another proposal for the extension of ALGOL 60, but has been designed from first principles and has a logically coherent structure.
D-Minus Elections: The Politics and Norms of International Election Observation

Abstract As international election monitors have grown active worldwide, their announcements have gained influence. Sometimes, however, they endorse highly flawed elections. Because their leverage rests largely on their credibility, this is puzzling. Understanding the behavior of election monitors is important because they help the international community to evaluate the legitimacy of governments and because their assessments inform the data used by scholars to study democracy. Furthermore, election monitors are also particularly instructive to study because the variety of both intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations that observe elections makes it possible to compare them across many countries and political contexts. This study uses a new dataset of 591 international election-monitoring missions. It shows that despite their official mandate to focus on election norms, monitors do not only consider the elections' quality; their assessments also reflect the interests of their member states or donors as well as other tangential organizational norms. Thus, even when accounting as best as possible for the nature and level of irregularities in an election, monitors' concerns about democracy promotion, violent instability, and organizational politics and preferences are associated with election endorsement. The study also reveals differences in the behavior of intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations and explains why neither can pursue their core objectives single-mindedly.
The experiences of learning support unit managers and students in London

Following the United Kingdoms of Great Britain Government's commitment to social inclusion in the 1990s, dramatic changes have taken place in education policy. A large amount of time and money has been invested into the development of inclusive practices, one of the more recent programmes being the Learning Support Unit (LSU). The LSU programme is seen as a way forward for social inclusion and now it is playing a growing role in the context of national strategies to improve behaviour and attendance. As little evaluation research has been done, this study aims to verify good practice in relation to the guidelines set out by the Department for Education and Skills (DfES, 2002b) and identify whether the LSU programme is truly an inclusive model. Given the commitment to inclusive education the world over, this study also seeks to assess whether the LSU programme would work within the South African Inclusive Education and Training Policy. An interpretive approach was applied to the research undertaking a programme evaluation. The qualitative techniques of interviewing, observations and discussions were used for data collection. Interviews were conducted with LSU managers and their pupils, which were then triangulated with data obtained from observations, informal and focus group discussions. Using an interpretive approach allowed me to become immersed in the research process and develop an intuitive feel for the subject. This enabled more effective verification of good practice in use. Interpreting the experiences and beliefs of LSU managers and their pupils in the London Borough of Hillingdon has verified a range of good practices. It is particularly important that LSUs are an extension of, and fully integrated into, whole school behaviour policy. The LSU programme promotes social inclusion by offering in-school support to pupils with behavioural, social and emotional development needs. These needs are addressed through a short-term fixed period stay in the LSU while the pupils still engage in the curriculum and their reintegration back into class facilitated. The LSU programme could compliment the South African Inclusive Education and Training Policy by offering a viable programme to address challenging behaviour in an inclusive manner. In conclusion, the LSUs have proved to be effective in introducing social inclusion in schools. This is achieved through their uniqueness, which allows them to target the greatest needs in their school. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Intensive rotational grazing for dairy cattle feeding

A 2-year study compared milk production and profitability for confinement feeding versus rotational grazing. Guernsey and Guernsey x Holstein cows grazed perennial grass pastures from mid-May to October or were fed in confinement. Averaged over both years, confined cows produced 7% more milk; their milk was similar in fat concentration to that of grazing cows. Body weight changes and health of the two groups were similar. Net return per cow averaged $64 higher for rotational grazing than for confinement because of lower costs for feeding, facilities, equipment, and labor. Intensive rotational grazing of pastures is a competitive alternative for dairy cow feeding. However, farmers in the northern U.S. will still require stored feeds from late fall through early spring.
Value at risk: a critical overview

Purpose - A misplaced reliance on value at risk (VaR) has been focused on in the media as one of the main reasons for the current financial crisis, and the recently published Design/methodology/approach - Simple numerical examples utilising real and simulated data are employed to reinforce the main arguments. Findings - This paper explains that some of the main approaches employed by banks for computing VaR have serious weaknesses. These weaknesses have contributed to the current financial crisis. Research limitations/implications - Consistent with the introductory nature of this paper, the empirical research is limited to simple examples. Practical implications - The evidence here suggest that if VaR is to play a major role under future financial regulation then research is required to develop improved estimation techniques and backtesting procedures. Originality/value - This paper differs from many academic papers on VaR by assuming only a very basic knowledge of mathematics and statistics.
Managing human resources in Jordanian organizations: challenges and prospects

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to highlight and provide a stronger focus on the nature of human resource management (HRM) in Jordan. Design/methodology/approach – This paper discusses four practices of HRM: recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal and rewards and benefit; and links these practices with social factors: political environment, economical issues and cultural values. Findings – The findings suggest that HRM in Jordan has not yet received due attention. The employee recruitment and selection process is largely inadequate and needs effective attention. In many Arab and more specifically Jordanian organizations, expenditure and time spent on training and development are considered unuseful and unnecessary functions. Practical implications – The effectiveness of even skilled and qualified employees will be limited if they are not encouraged and motivated to work, but through HRM practices, they can be encouraged to work harder and smarter. Increasingly, employ.
Grounded Theory

A study on how Zambian migrants living in Cape Town perceive and experience the implications of labial elongation on women’s health was conducted. Labia minora elongation (LME) is a genital modification that some women in east and southern Africa practice. This tradition is not common in Western Cape province (southwestern part of South Africa). The aim of this article is to discuss the methodological choices made in the design and conduct of this study, in which a White European male interviewed the female study participants on the health implications of a practice that is considered a woman’s private issue. Constructivist grounded theory informed by a feminist perspective was chosen as the most suitable methodological approach to enable cogeneration of knowledge with the female participants. The methods and tools used by the lead investigator facilitated access to the participants’ emic views. Grounded theory methodology holds the potential to be an appropriate methodological approach for researchers who seek to erode the power imbalances influencing research processes that aim to explore the associated meanings and health implications of female genital modifications, such as LME, as narrated by the women who practice them.