Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A problem-solving process using the Theory of Didactical Situations: 500 lockers problem

The main focus of this study was to examine the mathematical thinking skills of the undergraduates in an adidactical situation. Didactical Situations Theory was adopted to explain and determine the complexity of students’ mathematical thinking. The current case study was conducted with 16 volunteers, pre-service primary school teachers of mathematics and a task called “500 lockers” was used to challenge their reasoning process. The data obtained through observation and student works were analyzed deductively and according to the five stages of adidactical learning described by Brousseau (2002). One of the main results of the study is that the designed learning environment with the given problem context provoked participants to make conjectures and provided them with an opportunity to defend their own hypotheses. Consequently, the implementation of the problem resulted in invaluable reflections enhancing participants’ mathematical thinking.
Antibacterial Effects of Agicoat Silver Crystalline Nanofibers on Wound Infection Agents

Recently, biotechnologists have paid special attention to the wide applications of nanoparticles, which are speculated to play a pivotal role in medicine in the future. Researchers have also succeeded in the production of various metallic compounds from silver, zinc, mercury, copper, nickel, and titanium, which have exhibited several antibacterial properties to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi, as well as other pathogens. Despite the antimicrobial properties these compounds, they may also have harmful properties, which limit their application [1]. Skin infections could be caused by opportunistic normal flora or be transmitted through patients or hospital personnel due to the use of contaminated tools, such as bed linens and nurse uniforms. Therefore, elimination of microorganisms from the sources of infection and timely treatment of infected patients are essential to the prevention of skin infection transmission [2, 3]. In terms of medical application, silver is considered superior to other antimicrobial agents and antibiotics owing to its advantages, which enable the use of this compound and its derivative nanoparticles against infectious microbial agents [4]. Journal of Human, Environment, and Health Promotion
SUITABILITY OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY TESTING AND ACCELERATED AGING FOR EVALUATING THE VIGOR OFCITHAREXYLUM MYRIANTHUM CHAM. DIASPORES

The Atlantic Forest is one of the most threatened Brazilian biomes by anthropic action. Thus, the interest inrecovering degraded areas through the use of native tree species has increased, causing a high demand in the use of vigorous seeds. This research aimed at evaluating the suitabilityof the electrical conductivity and accelerated aging tests to evaluate the vigor of C. myrianthum diaspores. For the adequacy of the electrical conductivity test, a completely randomized experimental design (CRD) was used in a 2 x 3 x9 (number of diaspores x volume of water x imbibition time)at a constant temperature of 25 °C. The procedure for the accelerated aging test was conducted at 40 ºC for 0 (no aging), 24, 48 and 72 hours. ACRDwas also used for the accelerated aging test, totaling 4 treatments. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. It is concluded that the electrical conductivity test for C. myrianthum diaspores can be conducted with 25 diaspores soaked with 50 mL of deionized water for 96 hours, thus replacing the germination test with the advantage of being carried out in a shorter period of time. Moreover,the 24 and 48 hour accelerated aging period is adequate to discriminate the vigor of C. myrianthum diaspores, with GSI and MGT being the most sensitive variables.
Chemical composition of sea-buckthorn and highbush blueberry fruits grown in the Republic of Belarus

Chemical composition of sea-buckthorn and highbush blueberry fruits determines their value while using them fresh or processed. Berries have distinctive characteristics depending on a variety, soil and climatic conditions and growing techniques. The object of the researches have been Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.) of three varieties (Podarok sadu, Trofimovskaya, Botanicheskaya) and Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) of five varieties (Duke, Bluetta, Bluecrop, Northland, Coville) grown in the Republic of Belarus. Sea-buckthorn and Highbush Blueberry fruits chemical composition has been studied during a three-year cycle of monitoring using standard methods and in accordance with technical legal acts of the Republic of Belarus. Solid content (13,0-15,3%), sugar content (4,00-4,80%), organic acids (1,10-2,05%), nitrogen substances content (0,29-0,46%), lipids (3,6-6,2%), pectin content (0,40-0,50%), fiber (3,20-4,90%), minerals, vitamin С (44,7-78,7 мг/100г), β-carotene (4,4-13,2 мг/100г) have been studied in Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.). Solid content (12,2-15,1%), sugar content (2,73-3,96%), organic acids (0,59-0,95%), pectin content (0,57-0,97%), fiber (1,20-1,68%), bioflavonoids (276-368 мг/100 г), bioflavonoids complex fractional composition (anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, catechines, flavonols), vitamin С (60,5-72,2 мг/100 г) and mineral content have been studied in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Exogenous contaminants content (arsenic, heavy metals), hygienical safety indexes, caesium 137 radionuclides content have been investigated in the fruits. Specific varieties characterictics of Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.) and Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruit chemical composition have been determined. The studied fruit is fully safe and can be recommended to be used both fresh and processed.
GENES INVOLVED IN BOTH DOPAMINERGIC AND SEROTONERGIC PATHWAYS AND FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING

One of the most important assumption of rational choice theory is that individuals are purely selfinterested utility maximizers. However research in economics and other social sciences has found that people can also be irrational and their choices can also be taken with some heuristics and biases. Laboratory experiments have documented substantial heterogeneity in irrational preferences, but little is known about the origins of such irrational financial behavior. Especially in recent studies, it is seen that the inheritance estimates of these differences are investigated by using quantitative and molecular genetic methods. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dopamine and serotonin-related genes on financial decisions. For this purpose, genes associated with dopamine and serotonin were identified. Some of the studies investigating the effects of these genes on financial decision making process have been examined.
CNN Approaches for Dorsal Hand Vein Based Identification

In this paper we present a dorsal hand vein recognition method based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). We implemented and compared two CNNs trained from end-to-end to the most important state-of-the-art deep learning architectures (AlexNet, VGG, ResNet and SqueezeNet). We applied the transfer learning and finetuning techniques for the purpose of dorsal hand vein-based identification. The experiments carried out studied the accuracy and training behaviour of these network architectures. The system was trained and evaluated on the best-known database in this field, the NCUT, which contains low resolution, low contrast images. Therefore, different pre-processing steps were required, leading us to investigate the influence of a series of image quality enhancement methods such as Gaussian smoothing, inhomogeneity correction, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization, ordinal image encoding, and coarse vein segmentation based on geometricalconsiderations. The results show high recognition accuracy for almost every such CNN-based setup.
OTT_A_207460 7929..7940

Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir Ramin Heshmat Mehdi Ebrahimi Seyed Ebrahim Ketabchi Somayeh Parichehreh Dizaji Fatemeh Khatami 1 1Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran; 5Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Renal cell cancer (RCC) syndrome is linked to Krebs cycle compartments and their coding genes' alterations like succinate dehydrogenase genes (SDHx). Here we present a systematic review of the SDH genes’ mutations and their impact on both RCC diagnosis and prognosis. Methods: This systematic review includes any study in which tissue samples of RCC are considered in correlation with the SDHx mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI), and protein expression. For this purpose, a systematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted and finally 5384 articles were recruited. All studies' content was checked to find the related ones which were 145 articles, which with data extraction were limited to nineteen. Results: The final selected nineteen studies investigating the SDHx role in RCC tumor genesis were included, among which fifteen were mutation analysis, three were just SDHx protein expression, and two were MSI and mutation analysis studies. A total of 432 RCC patients were reported by SDH mutations, and 64 patients with MSI and SDH expression change were reported in 514 surgically resected renal epithelial tumors. The most common mutation was the single nucleotide variant rs772551056 (c.137G>A) of SDHB. For SDHC, c.380A>G presented in 48 RCC patients, and for SDHA a novel germline mutation c.2T>C: p.M1T in an occasional case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor intricate with RCC. Conclusion: RCC as an aggressive type of kidney cancer needs some biomarkers to be diagnosed exactly. It was shown recently that the succinate dehydrogenase gene variations can provide this diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. For this purpose, SDHB rs772551056 associated with its protein expression alterations can be taken into account. It is possible that a novel mutation of SDHA (c.2T>C: p.M1T) can provide evidence of GIST associated with RCC as well.
Opportunity or Crisis? Volatility and Leverage Effect in the World’s Largest Economies

This paper examines the relationship between asset volatility and leverage for the three largest economies (based on purchasing power parity) in the world; US, China, and India. Collectively, these economies represent Int$56,269 billion of economic power, making it important to understand the relationship among these economies that provide valuable investment opportunities for investors. We focus on a volatile period in economic history starting in 1997 when the Asian financial crisis began. Using autoregressive models, we find that Chinese stock markets have the highest volatility among the three stock markets while the US stock market has the highest average returns. The Chinese market is less efficient than the US and Indian stock markets since the impact of new information takes longer to be reflected in stock prices. Our results show that the unconditional correlation among these stock markets is significant and positive although the correlation values are low in magnitude. We also find that past market volatility is a good indicator of future market volatility in our sample. The results show that positive stock market returns result in lower volatility compared to negative stock market returns. These results demonstrate that the largest economies of the world are highly integrated and investors should consider volatility and leverage besides returns when investing in these countries.
Biological control in lucerne crops can negatively affect the development of root morphology, forage yield and quality

Root diseases of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) play a significant role in reducing the persistence and productivity of stands; however, the potential of using biological control in lucerne crops has not yet been investigated. Our objectives were to determine the effect of biological crop protection on (i) lucerne plant density and root traits development and (ii) lucerne forage yield and nutritive value in a two-year field experiment. The lucerne stand was managed under three treatments of disease control: an untreated control and spraying with either Albit (hydrolysate of microorganisms containing microelements and poly-beta-hydroxy butyric acid) or Polyversum (mycoparasitic Pythium oligandrum) under five-cut utilization. Application of Albit resulted in a negative yield response, associated with a reduction of root branching, and it also reduced crude protein and increased crude fibre and water-soluble carbohydrates in the second cut of the first year of the experiment. Polyversum increased the percentage of infected plants relative to the control in the last year of the experiment. The study highlights that biological control of lucerne under field conditions may not always be beneficial because of the complex interactions between plant, biological preparation, and environment.
Characteristics of Early Community College Dropouts

More students dropped out en masse after the first term than at any other time. Students who drop out of community college are expensive. Over a five-year period, federal, state, and local authorities spent about $4 billion on community college students who began as first-time, full-time, degree-seeking students but did not return for a second year of school (Schneider & Yin, 2011). In an era where the policy focus is on accountability and efficiency, improving first-year persistence is a critical goal.
Dry bean response to preemergence flumioxazin

Abstract Field studies were conducted from 2009 through 2011 at the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Center near Lingle, Wyoming, to evaluate great northern bean response to PRE flumioxazin mixed with either trifluralin, pendimethalin, or ethalfluralin. Seven treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with three or four replicates y–1. The soil texture of the study site was loam in 2009 and 2011, and sandy loam in 2010. Soil organic matter ranged from 1.4% to 1.8%. Treatments included flumioxazin plus trifluralin, flumioxazin plus pendimethalin, flumioxazin plus ethalfluralin, ethalfluralin plus EPTC, imazamox plus bentazon (POST), hand-weeded control, and nontreated control. Dry bean density 4 wk after planting differed among herbicide treatments (P < 0.001). Treatments that included flumioxazin reduced dry bean density 54% compared with treatments without flumioxazin. Dry bean yield was influenced by dry bean density; on average, yield in flumioxazin-containing herbicide treatments was 30% less than treatments not containing flumioxazin, even though weed control was generally greater in flumioxazin treatments. Nomenclature: bentazon; EPTC; ethalfluralin; flumioxazin; imazamox; pendimethalin; trifluralin; dry bean; Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Systematic Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized in CF4 Plasma

We functionalize the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different numbers of graphitic layers in a capacitively driven radio-frequency (RF) CF4 plasma. We investigate the resulting structural and bonding properties by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS analysis shows that carbon-to-fluorine bonds form on the CNTs and the ratio of the intensity of the F 1s peak to that of the C 1s peak greatly depends on RF power. TEM analysis clearly shows that fluorination is initiated at the outermost graphitic layer and proceeds to the inner layers of CNTs with increasing RF power, whereas the depth of fluorination is limited to the surface area. Therefore, we suggest that fluorination in the CF4 plasma at low RF powers involves attaching fluorine atoms to carbon atoms of graphitic layers. We also discuss the correlation between the number of graphitic layers in a CNT and fluorination resistance, and show that an increase in the number of graphitic layers increases fluorination resistance. By estimating primary plasma parameters with a Langmuir probe, we conclude that ion density, i.e., the collision frequency of plasma ions with the surface of CNTs, is closely related to the rate of plasma fluorination.
Transformational Leadership, Aspects of Self-concept, and Needs of Followers

This research examines how “higher levels of motivation” could be operationalized in Burns’ (1978) definition of transformational leadership. Two lines of argument are examined empirically. The first, based on Shamir (1991) suggests an explanation based on a self-concept based motivation theory, and the second is based on traditional need based theories. Using the survey method, a predominantly male sample drawn from all levels and comprising 70 pairs of leaders and followers, was studied in a single medium-sized manufacturing organization. Results indicate that transformational leadership is positively related to personal identity and unrelated to social identity. Needs were seen to be unrelated to transformational leadership. Therefore, some empirical support was found for Shamir (1991) suggesting that the process by which transformational leaders engage followers to higher levels of motivation and morality, involves engaging the follower’s self-concept.
The Optimalization of Family Coping n Caring for Mental Retardation Children through Family Psychoeducation in Jombang

Background: Children with Mental retardation have intellectual limitations which cause dependency. The limitation of mentally retarded children becomes a stressor for the family which can affect the family’s ability to provide care. So that adaptive coping is needed, so families can provide optimal care. Family psychoeducation is a way that can optimize family coping. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of family psychoeducation on coping in treating children with mental retardation. Methods: The design of this study was quasi-experimental pre-post test with control group of family psychoeducation intervention. The family population who had mental retardation children in Jombang was 277. While the sample was taken using a simple random sampling technique as many as 140 families with a distribution of 70 families as the control group and 70 families as the treatment group. The independent variable was family psychoeducation and the dependent variable was family coping in treating children with mental retardation. This study used the Wilcoxon statistical test in the treatmentgroup0.001whichfollowedbyaMannWhitneydifferencetestwhichshowed the results of ρ value (0.000)<α (0.05). Result: The results showed that there was an effect of family psychoeducation on family coping in treating children with mental retardation. Family psychoeducation provided information through a psychological approach to the care of children. Conclusion/implication: Families are expected not only understand the care of children with mental retardation but also improve family coping mechanisms so that psychosocial problems in the family are resolved properly.
Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

General Principles. Principles of pharmacology and mechanisms of drug action. Pharmacokinetics. Drug discovery, safety and efficacy. The nervous system, neurotransmission and the peripheral nervous system. Cardiovascular system. Ischaemic heart disease. Systemic and pulmonary hypertension. Heart failure. Cardiac arrhythmias. Cerebrovascular disease and dementia. Peripheral vascular disease. Haemostasis. Respiratory system. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Other respiratory problems. Renal system. Diuretics. Disorders of micturition. Erectile dysfunction. Nervous system. General anaesthetics. Local anaesthetics. Opioid analgesics. Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics. Psychotic disorders. Depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. Epilepsy. Extrapyramidal movement disorders and spasticity. Other neurological disorers. Migraine. Musculoskeletal system. Neuromuscular blockade. Myasthenia gravis. NSAIDs. Inflammatory arthritis. Hyperuricaemia and gout. Gastrointestinal system. Nausea and vomiting. Dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease. Inflammatory bowel disease. Constipation, diarrhoea and IBS. Obesity. Immune system. The immune response and immunosuppressant drugs. Antihistamines and allergic disease. Endocrine system and metabolic disease. Diabetes mellitus. Thyroid disease. Calcium metabolism. Pituitary and hypothalmic hormones. Corticosteroids. Female reproductive system. Androgens and anabolic steroids. Anaemia. Lipids. Skin and eye disorders. Skin disorders. Eye disorders Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy of infection. Chemotherapy of malignancy. Drug toxicity and prescribing. Drug toxicity and overdose. Substance abuse and dependence. Prescribing, adherence and information for patients. Drug therapy in special situations.
Effects of iloprost, either administered for 1 week or 4 weeks, on systemic hemodynamics, peripheral blood flow, and exercise tolerance in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease at leriche-fontaine stage III

Twenty patients, 15 males and 5 females, aged 50–71 years, with peripheral obstructive arterial disease at Fontaine stage III and requiring hospitalization, were randomized to two different iloprost treatment schedules: iloprost i.v. infusion, up to 2 ng/kg/minute for 6 hours/day for 28 days (Group A) or iloprost i.v. infusion, up to 1.5 ng/kg/minute, for 16 hours/day for 7 days (Group B). At baseline, after 7 days (end of treatment, Group B only) and after 28 days (end of study) the following measurements were done: blood pressure and heart rate, ankle/arm pressure index, first flow, peak flow, time to regression (by means of mercury strain-gauge plethysmography), stroke volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction (by means of 2D-echocardiography and echo-Doppler), exercise tolerance (by means of treadmill test), and rest pain (by means of visual analogue scale). Both treatment schedules resulted in significant improvement in plethysmographic parameters and exercise tolerance (both maximal and pain free) with concomitant reduction in rest pain. These effects were long lasting as evident by the results observed in Group B where the absolute data after 3 weeks of drug withdrawal were superimposable to those of Group A. On the contrary, only mild effects were evident on systemic hemodynamics, which tended to wane off as the infusion was stopped. From the results of this pilot study it is possible to conclude that treatment with iloprost at lower dosage (up to 1.5 ng/kg/minute) for 16 hour/day for 7 days, in patients at Fontaine stage III, seems to result in the same therapeutic benefits of the currently used schedule (up to 2 ng/kg/minute for 6 hour/day for 28 days). If confirmed by larger clinical experience, these data have clear implication in terms of patient comfort and cost containment.