Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational Neural Networks: A New Paradigm for Spatial Analysis

In this paper a systematic introduction to computational neural network models is given in order to help spatial analysts learn about this exciting new field. The power of computational neural networks viz-à-viz conventional modelling is illustrated for an application field with noisy data of limited record length: spatial interaction modelling of telecommunication data in Austria. The computational appeal of neural networks for solving some fundamental spatial analysis problems is summarized and a definition of computational neural network models in mathematical terms is given. Three definitional components of a computational neural network—properties of the processing elements, network topology and learning—are discussed and a taxonomy of computational neural networks is presented, breaking neural networks down according to the topology and type of interconnections and the learning paradigm adopted. The attractiveness of computational neural network models compared with the conventional modelling approach of the gravity type for spatial interaction modelling is illustrated before some conclusions and an outlook are given.
Multiple Encryption using ECC and its Time Complexity Analysis

-Rapid growth of information technology in present era, secure communication, strong data encryption technique and trusted third party are considered to be major topics of study. Robust encryption algorithm development to secure sensitive data is of great significance among researchers at present. The conventional methods of encryption used as of today may not sufficient and therefore new ideas for the purpose are to be design, analyze and need to be fit into the existing system of security to provide protection of our data from unauthorized access. An effective encryption/ decryption algorithm design to enhance data security is a challenging task while computation, complexity, robustness etc. are concerned. The multiple encryption technique is a process of applying encryption over a single encryption process in a number of iteration. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is well known and well accepted cryptographic algorithm and used in many application as of today. In this paper, we discuss multiple encryptions and analyze the computation overhead in the process and study the feasibility of practical application. In the process we use ECC as a multiple-ECC algorithm and try to analyze degree of security, encryption/decryption computation time and complexity of the algorithm. Performance measure of the algorithm is evaluated by analyzing encryption time as well as decryption time in single ECC as well as multiple-ECC are compared with the help of various examples.
Observation of Majorana Fermions in a Nb-InSb Nanowire-Nb Hybrid Quantum Device

We report on the observation of excitation of Majorana fermions in a Nb-InSb nanowire quantum dot-Nb hybrid system. The InSb nanowire quantum dot is formed between the two Nb contacts by weak Schottky barriers and is thus in the regime of strong couplings to the contacts. Due to the proximity effect, the InSb nanowire segments covered by superconductor Nb contacts turn to superconductors with a superconducting energy gap $\Delta^*$. Under an applied magnetic field larger than a critical value for which the Zeeman energy in the InSb nanowire is $E_z\sim \Delta^*$, the entire InSb nanowire is found to be in a nontrivial topological superconductor phase, supporting a pair of Majorana fermions, and Cooper pairs can transport between the superconductor Nb contacts via the Majorana fermion states. This transport process will be suppressed when the applied magnetic field becomes larger than a second critical value at which the transition to a trivial topological superconductor phase occurs in the system. This physical scenario has been observed in our experiment. We have found that the measured zero-bias conductance for our hybrid device shows a conductance plateau in a range of the applied magnetic field in quasi-particle Coulomb blockade regions.
Fröhlich polaron and bipolaron: recent developments

It is remarkable how the Fröhlich polaron, one of the simplest examples of a Quantum Field Theoretical problem, as it basically consists of a single fermion interacting with a scalar Bose field of ion displacements, has resisted full analytical or numerical solution at all coupling since ∼1950, when its Hamiltonian was first written. The field has been a testing ground for analytical, semi-analytical and numerical techniques, such as path integrals, strong-coupling perturbation expansion, advanced variational, exact diagonalization (ED) and quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) techniques. This paper reviews recent developments in the field of continuum and discrete (lattice) Fröhlich (bi)polarons starting with the basics and covering a number of active directions of research.
Building disc structure and galaxy properties through angular momentum: the DARK SAGE semi-analytic model

We present the new semi-analytic model of galaxy evolution, DARK SAGE, a heavily modified version of the publicly available SAGE code. The model is designed for detailed evolution of galactic discs. We evolve discs in a series of annuli with fixed specific angular momentum, which allows us to make predictions for the radial and angular-momentum structure of galaxies. Most physical processes, including all channels of star formation and associated feedback, are performed in these annuli. We present the surface density profiles of our model spiral galaxies, both as a function of radius and specific angular momentum, and find the discs naturally build a pseduobulge-like component. Our main results are focussed on predictions relating to the integrated mass--specific angular momentum relation of stellar discs. The model produces a distinct sequence between these properties in remarkable agreement with recent observational literature. We investigate the impact Toomre disc instabilities have on shaping this sequence and find they are crucial for regulating both the mass and spin of discs. Without instabilities, high-mass discs would be systematically deficient in specific angular momentum by a factor of ~2.5, with increased scatter. Instabilities also appear to drive the direction in which the mass--spin sequence of spiral galaxy discs evolves. With them, we find galaxies of fixed mass have higher specific angular momentum at later epochs.
Copper-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of alkynes using carbon dioxide and hydrosilanes.

to the corresponding methyl ester 2aMe.Byemploying [IPrCuCl] + tBuONa (Table 1, entry 1) or[IMesCuCl] + tBuONa (Table 1, entry 2) as a catalyst,2aMe was obtained in only trace amounts and 49% yield,respectively. In the latter case, a considerable amount (19%yield)ofcis-stilbene(3a)wasobservedasaby-product.When[IPrCuF]
The effects of three instructional approaches on student word reading performance

ii Dedication . iv Acknowledgments . v Vita . vi List of Tables . x List of Figures . xii Chapters: 1. Introduction . 1 Background. 3 Word Identification . 3 Phonic and Sight Word Approaches . 4 Word Boxes . 6 Drill and Practice . 7 Interspersing Techniques . 8 Statement of the Problem . 13 Purpose of the Study . 14 Research Questions . 14 Significance of the Study . 16 Definition of Terms . 17 2. Review of Literature . 20 Emergent Literacy . 20 viii Phonological Awareness.22 The Development of Phonological Awareness . 24 Phonological Awareness Research . 26 Alphabetic Principle . 29 Phonics Instruction . 31 The Alphabetic Principle and Spelling . 32 Accuracy and Fluency with Connected Text . 33 The Development of Reading Fluency . 35 Comprehension and Reading Fluency . 36 Word Identification . 37 Word Recognition . 42 Phonological Recoding in Relation to Word Recognition . 46 Word Boxes.47 Drill and Practice.50 Interspersing Techniques . 51 Drill Ratios. 58 Summary . 61 3. Methodology . 62 Subject Selection . 62 Setting . 66 Role of the Researcher . 66 Materials . 67 Definition and Measurement of Dependent Variables . 67 Procedures . 68 4. Results . 77 Interobserver Agreement . 78 Treatment Integrity.78 Research Question One.79 Research Question Two.87 Research Question Three . 90 Research Question Four.98 Research Question Five . 102 Research Question Six.104 Research Question Seven.107 Research Question Eight . 109 Research Question Nine.110 5. Discussion . 112 Instructional Effectiveness.113 Instructional Efficiency.114 ix Maintenance . 116 Generalization.117 Social Validity . 119 Student Preference . 120 Comparison to Previous Research Studies.121 Implications for Practice . 124 Limitations . 126 Directions for Future Research.127 Summary . 128 Appendices: Appendix A: Letter Requesting Parental/Guardian Permission . 130 Appendix B: Consent for Participation in Social and Behavioral Research.132 Appendix C: Intervention Scripts. 134 Appendix D: Session Protocal Forms . 137 Appendix E: Treatment Integrity Checklist . 141 Appendix F: Student Social Validity Questions . 145 Appendix G: Teacher Social Validity Questions . 147 Bibliography . 149
Extracting objects from digital terrain models

The paper introduces the extraction of objects that are higher than their surroundings, like houses, trees, or bridges, by combining the results of a segmentation of a DTM and a texture analysis of the gray image. We propose a new algorithm (called dual rank) to extract the ground in the DTM, which can be seen as an extension of the gray opening. The extraction of trees in the gray image is done by a texture transformation, which is a fast and stable method, for the distinction between houses/roads and trees. The combination of both results is done region-oriented, i.e., every high object is analyzed if it is a house, a tree, or a combination of both and thus separated and classified.
Computational Models for Design and Analysis of Compliant Mechanisms

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to those who supported me through my thesis research. First I would like to thank Dr. Kok-Meng Lee for giving me an opportunity to participate in this project. His inspiring advices and constant encouragement have so much influence on the accomplishment of my Ph. D. thesis. The most important thing that I learned from him is his philosophy on critical thinking and professional attitude. I would also like to thank him for giving me several chances to present my research topic in international conferences. Second, I would like to acknowledge the support and suggestions of my reading committee, Thomas Sean for system transportation and technical assistance. Most of the compliant structures are fabricated in the machine shop in MRDC building. I would like to thank Zi-Yen Ng for his assistance in programming the CNC code and Mati Chessin for finger bracket fabrication. Technical suggestions from machine shop staff, John Graham, Tommy, Jimmy, are also appreciated. I would like to extend my thankfulness to the following fellow students, give me valuable advices about my research. Finally I would like to thank my parents Kuo-Lien Lan and Chou-Mei Liau, who v gave me support through all these years. My junior brother, Shau-Yu Lan, has accompanied me and gave me support on my research. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my family.
Minimization Methods For Non Differentiable Functions

minimization methods for non differentiable functions is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the minimization methods for non differentiable functions is universally compatible with any devices to read.
A Vision-Based Perceptual Learning System for Autonomous Mobile Robot

Autonomous robots are intelligent machines capable of performing tasks in the real world without explicit human control for extended periods of time. A high degree of autonomy is particularly desirable in fields where robots can replace human workers, such as state-of-the-practice video surveillance system and space exploration. However, not having human’s sophisticated sensing and control system, two broad open problems in autonomous robot systems are the perceptual discrepancy problem, that is, there is no guarantee that the robot sensing system can recognize or detect objects defined by a human designer, and the autonomous control problem, that is, how the robots can operate in unstructured environments without continuous human guidance. As a result, autonomous robot systems should have their own ways to acquire percepts and control by learning. In this work, a computer vision system is used for visual percept acquisition and a working memory toolkit is used for robot autonomous control. Natural images contain statistical regularities which can set objects apart from each other and from random noise. For an object to be recognized in a given image, it is often necessary to segment the image into nonoverlapping but meaningful regions whose union is the entire image. Therefore, a biologically based percept acquisition system is developed to build an efficient low-level abstraction of real-world data into percepts. Perception in animals is strongly related to the type of behavior they perform. Learning plays a major part in this process. To solve how the robots can learn to autonomously control their behavior based on percepts they’ve acquired, the computer vision system is integrated with a software package called the Working Memory Toolkit (WMtk) for decision making and learning. The WMtk was developed by Joshua L. Phillips & David C. Noelle based on a neuron computational model of primate working memory system. The success of the whole system is demonstrated by its application to a navigation task.
Information systems development: methodologies, techniques and tools (3rd edition)

First published almost ten years ago, Information Systems Development is used by lecturers and students worldwide. Through long experience of teaching with the text and feedback from colleagues and students, the authors have continued to build from the solid foundations of the original text. The new 3rd edition of Information Systems Development has been updated and enhanced to reflect the latest developments in IS technology, and to meet the needs of a new generation in IS studies. The book contains comprehensive coverage of diverse topics including Oracle applications, UML notation, RUP, RAD and DSDM. There is a new section on SAP and other ERP systems. E-commerce and web applications such as Dreamweaver are examined, as well as additional information on package development and component based design. The authors further illustrate how these various technologies integrate with social and economic factors to provide a thorough examination of Information Systems Development. Due to this broad content base, Information Systems Development is suitable for a wide range of degree programs without impacting the unique requirements of either computer science, or business and management courses. Both theoretical models and real-world examples provide an engaging and practical text, and there is considerable web-based support material available for both lecturers and students.
Modification of electron states in CdTe absorber due to a buffer layer in CdTe/CdS solar cells

By application of the ac admittance spectroscopy method, the defect state energy distributions were determined in CdTe incorporated in thin film solar cell structures concluded on ZnO, ZnSe, and ZnS buffer layers. Together with the Mott-Schottky analysis, the results revealed a strong modification of the defect density of states and the concentration of the uncompensated acceptors as influenced by the choice of the buffer layer. In the solar cells formed on ZnSe and ZnS, the Fermi level and the energy position of the dominant deep trap levels were observed to shift closer to the midgap of CdTe, suggesting the mid-gap states may act as recombination centers and impact the open-circuit voltage and the fill factor of the solar cells. For the deeper states, the broadening parameter was observed to increase, indicating fluctuations of the charge on a microscopic scale. Such changes can be attributed to the grain-boundary strain and the modification of the charge trapped at the grain-boundary interface states in polycrystalline CdTe.
Using technical noise to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of measurements via imaginary weak values

The advantages of weak measurements, and especially measurements of imaginary weak values, for precision enhancement, are discussed. A situation is considered in which the initial state of the measurement device varies randomly on each run, and is shown to be in fact beneficial when imaginary weak values are used. The result is supported by numerical calculation and also provides an explanation for the reduction of technical noise in some recent experimental results. A connection to quantum metrology formalism is made.
Methods for Accurate Free Flight Measurement of Drag Coefficients

This paper describes experimental methods for free flight measurement of drag coefficients to an accuracy of approximately 1%. There are two main methods of determining free flight drag coefficients, or equivalent ballistic coefficients: 1) measuring near and far velocities over a known distance and 2) measuring a near velocity and time of flight over a known distance. Atmospheric conditions must also be known and nearly constant over the flight path. A number of tradeoffs are important when designing experiments to accurately determine drag coefficients. The flight distance must be large enough so that the projectile's loss of velocity is significant compared with its initial velocity and much larger than the uncertainty in the near and/or far velocity measurements. On the other hand, since drag coefficients and ballistic coefficients both depend on velocity, the change in velocity over the flight path should be small enough that the average drag coefficient over the path (which is what is really determined) is a reasonable approximation to the value of drag coefficient at the near and far velocity. This paper considers these tradeoffs as well as practical considerations for obtaining accurate near and far velocity measurements and the impact of different sources of error (velocity, distance, time, atmospheric conditions, etc.) on the resulting accuracy of drag coefficients and ballistic coefficients. For a given level of accuracy of various quantities, the method of using near and far velocities usually produces drag coefficients with about half the uncertainty of the method using a near velocity and time of flight.
Computer simulations of an impurity in a granular gas under planar Couette flow

We present in this work results from numerical solutions, obtained by means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, of the Boltzmann and Boltzmann–Lorentz equations for an impurity immersed in a granular gas under planar Couette flow. The DSMC results are compared with the exact solution of a recent kinetic model for the same problem. The results confirm that, in steady states and over a wide range of parameter values, the state of the impurity is enslaved to that of the host gas: it follows the same flow velocity profile, its concentration (relative to that of the granular gas) is constant in the bulk region, and the impurity/gas temperature ratio is also constant. We determine also the rheological properties and nonlinear hydrodynamic transport coefficients for the impurity, finding a good semi-quantitative agreement between the DSMC results and the theoretical predictions.
Chemiluminescence of Organic Peroxides

1 Historical Introduction 2 Basic Principles of Chemiluminescence 3 Classification of Chemiluminescent Reactions 4 Methods in Chemiluminescence Research 5 General Mechanisms in Organic Chemiluminescence 6 High-Efficiency Organic Chemiluminescent Reactions Involving Peroxide Intermediates 7 Acknowledgments Keywords: bioluminescence (BL) and chemiluminescence (CL); high-energy intermediates (HEI); chemiluminescence - basic principles; chemiluminescent reaction classification; physicochemical parameters in mechanistic CL research; light emission intensity calibration; highly efficient organic chemiluminescence systems; back electron-transfer (BET) energetics
CARRIER PHASE SURVEYING WITH GARMIN HANDHELD GPS RECEIVERS

Abstract GRINGO (GPS RINEX Generator) is a program which has been developed at the Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG) at the University of Nottingham, to record the pseudorange and carrier phase data from 12-channel Garmin handheld GPS receivers, in standard RINEX (Receiver INdependent Exchange) format. It offers owners of these receivers the possibility of post-processing to an accuracy of approximately 5 m (with pseudoranges) or a few cm (with carrier phase), without having to invest in separate DGPS receiving equipment or expensive survey-grade receivers. They retain the benefits of an inexpensive receiver with a user-friendly interface and powerful navigation features, but gain the possibility of improved accuracy if needed. A number of experiments have been carried out to assess the accuracy of positioning with Garmin raw measurement data. Experiments over a 3 km baseline with various session lengths have shown that float solutions with the Garmin carrier phase can achieve better than 20 cm in 15 minutes, and approximately 5 cm with 30 minutes. Ambiguity fixed solutions can achieve approximately 1 cm accuracy in 30 minutes. A zero baseline test, with two garmin receivers attached to a single static antenna, has shown that under ideal conditions, even sub-millimetre accuracies are possible in as little as 10 minutes. Over a longer baseline (>200 km), the effects of the atmosphere on the measured baseline become significant. A comparison of one such baseline against simultaneous measurements with geodetic receivers has confirmed that the atmosphere affects the Garmin receivers in the same way as it does the geodetic receivers. This paper will present the results of these and other experiments.
A Pareto Strength Evolutionary Algorithm for Constrained Optimization

A new approach is presented to handle constraints optimization using evolutionary algorithms. It neither uses any penalty function nor makes distinction between feasible solutions and infeasible solutions. The new technique treats constrained optimization as a two-objective optimization. One objective is original objective function, the other is the degree violating the constraints. Individual抯 ranking procedure is based on its Pareto strength which appears first in multi-objective optimization. Pareto strength evaluates an individual抯 fitness dependent on the number of dominated points in the population. By combining Pareto strength ranking procedure with minimal generation gap modal, a new real-coded genetic algorithm is proposed. The new approach is compared against other evolutionary optimization techniques in several benchmark functions. The results obtained show that the new approach is a general, effective and robust method. Its performance outperforms some other techniques. Especially for some complicated optimization problems with inequality and equality constraints, the proposed method provides better numerical accuracy.