Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Head Injuries Sustained by Children Due to fall from Height: A Comprehensive Study

The objective of this study was to identify the pattern of head injuries in victims of fall aged 0–10 years and its correlation with height. This prospective was study done at JNMCH, Aligarh, on 173 patients who came to the casualty during a 12-month period (January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011) sustained a fall from a height ranging from 0–9 feet. Male: female ratio was 1.5:1. Most of the falls (150 cases, 86.71%) were from a height of 6–9 feet. Out of 173 cases, skull fractures were seen in 144 cases (83.24%) and intracranial injuries occurred in 118 cases (68.20%). The most common fracture was linear undisplaced fracture and was observed in 126 cases (126/144; 87.5%) and the most common intracranial injury was extra-axial bleed seen in 70 cases (70/118; 59.32%). The severity of injury was strongly correlated with height of the fall.
Corrections for measurement error due to delayed onset of illness for case‐crossover designs

Epidemiologic studies of the short‐term effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) on the risk of acute cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events often use data from administrative databases in which only the date of hospitalization is known. A common study design for analyzing such data is the case‐crossover design, in which exposure at a time when a patient experiences an event is compared to exposure at times when the patient did not experience an event within a case‐control paradigm. However, the time of true event onset may precede hospitalization by hours or days, which can yield attenuated effect estimates. In this article, we consider a marginal likelihood estimator, a regression calibration estimator, and a conditional score estimator, as well as parametric bootstrap versions of each, to correct for this bias. All considered approaches require validation data on the distribution of the delay times. We compare the performance of the approaches in realistic scenarios via simulation, and apply the methods to analyze data from a Boston‐area study of the association between ambient air pollution and acute stroke onset. Based on both simulation and the case study, we conclude that a two‐stage regression calibration estimator with a parametric bootstrap bias correction is an effective method for correcting bias in health effect estimates arising from delayed onset in a case‐crossover study.
Factors That Influence the Reintegration to Normal Living for Older Adults 2 Years Post Hip Fracture

Objectives: This study aims to identify factors that influence older adults’ reintegration to normal living 2 years following a hip fracture and the association between caregiver burden and reintegration over time. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study followed 76 community-dwelling older adults and their caregivers for 2 years post-hip fracture. The primary outcome was Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI), and the secondary outcome was caregiver burden. Results: Older adults scored significantly lower on RNLI at 18 to 24 months if they had few social interactions, cognitive impairment, or lower pre-fracture functional status. During follow-up, greater independence in activities of daily living and greater mobility were each positively associated with RNLI. Caregiver burden reduced if reintegration improved. Implications: Results suggest a need for targeted interventions for older adults’ post-hip fracture to improve their function to enhance their reintegration to normal living and to support caregivers in decreasing their burden of care.
Gut Microbiota: A Perspective for Psychiatrists

There is mounting evidence that the trillions of microbes that inhabit our gut are a substantial contributing factor to mental health and, equally, to the progression of neuropsychiatric disorders. The extraordinary complexity of the gut ecosystem, and how it interacts with the intestinal epithelium to manifest physiological changes in the brain to influence mood and behaviour, has been the subject of intense scientific scrutiny over the last 2 decades. To further complicate matters, we each harbour a unique microbiota community that is subject to change by a number of factors including diet, exercise, stress, health status, genetics, medication, and age, amongst others. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a dynamic matrix of tissues and organs including the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota, immune cells, gut tissue, glands, the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and the brain that communicate in a complex multidirectional manner through a number of anatomically and physiologically distinct systems. Long-term perturbations to this homeostatic environment may contribute to the progression of a number of disorders by altering physiological processes including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, neurotransmitter systems, immune function, and the inflammatory response. While an appropriate, co-ordinated physiological response, such as an immune or stress response, is necessary for survival, a dysfunctional response can be detrimental to the host, contributing to the development of a number of central nervous system disorders.
CD44v10: An Antimetastatic Membrane Glycoprotein for Pancreatic Cancer

Aims The aims of this study were 1) to investigate the mRNA pattern of CD44 variants in three primary (MIA PaCa 2, PANC-1, PSN-1) and two metastatic (CAPAN-1, SUIT-2) pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines; 2) to ascertain whether the genetic transfer of CD44s and CD44v10 modifies the adhesion of PC cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro and their metastatic behavior in vivo. Methods CD44 mRNA analysis was done by means of RT-PCR. Adhesion to ECM the was assessed using coated microtiter plates. For the study of CD44v10 insertion in the CAPAN-1 line, liposome-mediated DNA transfer was used. SCID mice were employed for in vivo experiments. Results CD44v10 mRNA was not expressed by the CAPAN-1 nor by four of the six SUIT-2-derived clones. The stable expression of CD44v10 by modified CAPAN-1 significantly enhanced fibronectin adhesion. Mice without either liver or pancreatic metastases were more frequently found among the animals injected with modified (CD44v10 expressing) than with non-modified CAPAN-1. Conclusions 1) It is possible to differentiate between metastatic and non-metastatic PC cells on the basis of CD44v10 expression; 2) CD44v10 seems to be involved in mediating fibronectin adhesion in vitro and in counteracting metastases in vivo.
Search Condition-Hiding Query Evaluation on Encrypted Databases

Private database query (PDQ) is a protocol between a client and a database server, designed for processing queries to encrypted databases. Specifically, PDQ enables a client to submit a search query and to learn a resulting set satisfying its search condition, without revealing sensitive information about a query statement. The whole query can be protected from the server, but for efficiency reasons known PDQ solutions generally consider to hide the constants only in a query statement. In this paper, we provide two fully homomorphic encryption (FHE)-based PDQ protocols that hide type of queries as well as the constants of a query statement. Particularly, our constructions focus on conjunctive, disjunctive, and threshold conjunctive queries. To this end, we first build a single compact logical expression to cover both conjunctive and disjunctive queries. On top of the logical expression, we design a PDQ protocol that enables to evaluate conjunctive and disjunctive queries without revealing any information on a given query. The second PDQ protocol comes from our observation that if a threshold conjunctive query has a particular threshold value, it results in either a conjunctive query or a disjunctive query. Because the PDQ protocol writes the three types of queries into a single polynomial expression, the resulting protocol can evaluate the three types of query statements without revealing any information on queries. To demonstrate their efficiency, we provide proof-of-concept implementation results of our proposed PDQ protocols. According to our rudimentary experiments, it takes 37.57 seconds to perform a query on 316 elements consisting of 16 attributes of 64 bits using Brakerski-Gentry-Vaikuntanathan’s leveled FHE with SIMD techniques for 149-bit security, yielding an amortized rate of just 0.119 seconds per element.
Comment on "Operable Pancreatic Cancer: Are We in an Era of Individualized Neoadjuvant Therapy?"

Interestingly, although physicians in surgical fields provided most of the prescriptions filled in this cohort, primary care providers also accounted for 13% of prescriptions filled, and emergency medicine physicians provide a small minority of prescriptions. Overall, we observed a broad range in the amount of opioid filled following procedures, most attributable to the type of procedure performed. Our findings highlight that, in aggregate, there are differences in opioid prescribing at the clinician level, and variation is attributable to provider type between advanced practice providers and physicians, as well as procedural and specialty factors. However, our cohort represents only a portion of patients receiving care in Michigan, and we are unable to more closely examine the nuances and contextual factors across care settings in claims data that may influence postoperative pain management. Nonetheless, these findings highlight the important role addressing provider and prescriber background, including training and specialty, when creating strategies to improve postoperative opioid prescribing. Advanced practice providers play a critical role in all surgical specialities in this cohort and in surgical care more broadly. We agree that understanding local culture is critical when analyzing such variation in prescribing patterns. For example, laws and policies governing advanced practice provider differ between states, and the utilization of these providers also varies geographically and across hospital. Such nuances should be further explored, and our findings provide a foundation for future research that will more closely define the more granular factors that influence provider prescribing, such as case mix, clinical experience, geographical factors, and access to care. Importantly, our findings also highlight the need for provider level education that is directed to all types of clinicians and prescribers in the postoperative care setting. For example, continuing education mechanisms may differ amongst provider types. In addition, provider level education strategies may differ nationally and locally, such as within professional societies or within specific healthcare systems. Therefore, ensuring that education regarding safe opioid prescribing reaches all stakeholders is paramount. Additionally, identifying those care settings in which education to providers is effectively tailored to clinician role is critical to ensure sustainable changes in prescribing. Moreover, as Dr Bongiovanni and colleagues note, acknowledging healthcare systems in which opioid prescribing matches guidelines and legislative regulations can facilitate the dissemination of best practices. Given the rapidly changing body of evidence regarding opioid use following surgery and emerging prescribing guidelines for acute postoperative pain, it is essential to understand the full spectrum of provider and practice-related factors that drive opioid prescribing to reduce excess prescribing and enhance the safety and effectiveness of postoperative pain management.
EEG Data Compression using Truncated Singular Value Decomposition for Remote Driver Status Monitoring

Advancements in wireless body sensor technology have enabled continuous recording of Electroencephalogram (EEG) data for remote monitoring. However, a significant amount of data introduced due to the continuous data recording over time has become a challenge for energy constraint sensor nodes to transfer the data to the remote stations. Therefore, many researchers explore data compression techniques to solve the large-scale data issue by compressing before the raw data are transmitted to the sink. This paper proposes a Truncated Singular Value Decomposition (TSVD) technique to compress raw EEG data by eliminating the high volume of redundant data. At the pre-processing stage, collected EEG data are reshaped to a 2-D matrix then the matrix is transformed into the subspace or vector-space using TSVD for to compress the matrix based on the correlation of the data. Afterwards, the proposed technique reconstructs the compressed data at the remote station for further analysis. Various performance metrics are utilized to evaluate the proposed technique. Simulation results show that the proposed technique suppresses a big amount of redundant data with acceptable distortion of the original data.
A Scattering Power Factorization Framework Using A Geodesic Distance for Multi-Looked Polsar Data

In this paper, a generic scattering power factorization framework for Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data is proposed to directly obtain N scattering power components along with a residue power component for each pixel. Each scattering power component can be factorized into similarity (or dissimilarity) with the utilized scattering models. The similarity measure is derived using a geodesic distance between pairs of 4 × 4 real Kennaugh matrices. In a standard model-based decomposition framework, the 3×3 Hermitian positive semi-definite covariance (or coherency) matrix is expressed as a weighted linear combination of scattering targets. The scattering powers are usually obtained by solving an under-constrained system of equations by enforcing certain assumptions to reduce the number of variables. Moreover, the scattering powers are determined following a fixed hierarchy process. In contrast, under the proposed framework a convex splitting of unity is performed to obtain the weights while preserving the dominance of the scattering components. The product of the total power (Span) with these weights provides the non-negative scattering power components. The scattering power distribution obtained using the proposed framework is assessed over some selected areas from a RADARSAT-2 C-band PolSAR image of San Fran-cisco (SF), USA.
Spatiotemporal Variation of Vegetation Coverage and its Response to Climate Change Before and After Implementation of Grain for Green Project in the Loess Plateau

Understanding the spatiotemporal change of NDVI and the main climatic factors affecting vegetation can provide an effective theoretical basis for ecological environment protection and restoration. In this paper, GIMMS NDVI 3g was used to analyze the vegetation changes in the China’s Loess Plateau (CLP) before and after the implementation of Grain for Green Program (GGP). The implementation of GGP is conducive to improving the fragile ecological environment of the CLP. The vegetation of CLP is increasing at 0.0014/a (p < 0.01). After the implementation of GCP, the climate conditions showed a warm and humid trend. The proportion of vegetation affected by precipitation increases gradually, and the proportion affected by temperature decreases. The main controlling factor of vegetation changed from temperature to precipitation before and after the implementation of GGP.
Comparison of Death Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Personality Traits of the People Who Live in Turkey and Denmark

The aim of this research is to investigate death anxiety of the people who live in Turkey and Denmark and have the same cultural background. Cross-cultural studies about death anxiety have been conducted within two different cultures. The goal is to fill the gap in the literature. In this context, participants’ self-esteem and personality traits were also investigated. Death Anxiety Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and The Big Five Inventory were used in this study. Seventy-four people from Turkey and 67 from Denmark participated in this research. According to the results, people who live in Turkey have more death anxiety. There is negative correlation between self-esteem and death anxiety. Neuroticism of the personality traits has positive correlation with death anxiety.
An evaluation of the Stresses Generated in a Bonded Orthodontic Attachment by Three Different Load Cases Using the Finite Element Method of Stress Analysis

Engineering design begins with an attempt to analyse the stresses and strains acting on and within the structure under consideration before producing and testing a prototype. Unfortunately, the development of orthodontic cements and bracket bases has, largely, relied on relatively imprecise ex vivo experiments (Fox et al., 1991) which measure only the weakest component in the bracketcement-tooth system. As the quality of attachment is primarily determined by the stresses generated in response to applied load, computer models are ideally suited to provide some insight into the structural behaviour of this system. A number of methods of numerical analysis have been employed in bioengineering, in particular the Finite Element Method of stress analysis (FEM). FEM is a computer-aided mathematical technique for obtaining approximate numerical solutions to the abstract equations of calculus that predict the response of physical systems subjected to external influences (Burnett, 1987). FEM has already been broadly applied in orthodontic research. Yettram et al. (1972) were amongst the first to employ a two-dimenstional finite element model of a maxillary central incisor to determine the instantaneous centre of rotation of this tooth during translation. Halazonetis (1996) used a similar twodimensional model to determine periodontal ligament (PDL) stress distribution following force application at varying distances from the centre of resistance of a maxillary incisor. Using more complex three dimensional models Wilson et al. (1992, 1994), Tanne et al. (1987, 1988a,b) and McGuinness et al. (1990, 1991) have studied moment to An evaluation of the Stresses Generated in a Bonded Orthodontic Attachment by Three Different Load Cases Using the Finite Element Method of Stress Analysis
Induced abortion and future use of IVF treatment; A nationwide register study

Objective In this nationwide study we assessed the use and factors associated with future in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment after induced abortion. Materials and methods The study population was collected by means of record linkage between Finnish national registers. All women who underwent induced abortion between 2000 and 2009 in Finland were identified through the Register of Induced Abortions (n = 88 522). The study group consisted of women who underwent induced abortion and subsequently had an IVF treatment (n = 379); the comparison group were all women who had a spontaneous pregnancy and delivery 12–24 months after the index abortion (n = 7434). Demographic characteristics at the time of index abortion, and factors associated with the abortion (gestational age at abortion, indication and method of abortion, complications after abortion) were compared between the study groups. Logistic regression was used to assess whether some of the demographic characteristics or abortion associated factors increased the use of IVF treatment in the future. Results The proportion of women with IVF treatment after induced abortion in the whole cohort was 0.4%. Women needing IVF treatment were older, of a higher socioeconomic status, and had fewer previous induced abortions and deliveries compared to women in the comparison group. No statistically significant differences were observed in the gestational age (≤ 12 weeks or >12 weeks of gestation) at abortion, method or complications of abortion. In multivariable analysis higher age increased, and history of previous deliveries or one or two abortions decreased the use of IVF. Conclusions Infertility necessitating the use of IVF treatment after induced abortion is uncommon. The factors associated with use of IVF after abortion are those generally recognized as risk factors of infertility. Abortion-related outcomes are not associated with an increased need of future IVF-treatment.
A phase I/II trial of clofarabine in patients with relapsed T-cell or NK-cell lymphomas.

8046 Background: Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are a heterogeneous and poor prognostic subset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Clofarabine is a nucleoside analog which blocks DNA synthesis via inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerases, and induces apoptosis. In early phase trials, complete responses (CR) were seen among patients with T/NK-cell lymphomas treated with clofarabine. Methods: In 2006, we began a phase I/II trial to examine the use of clofarabine in patients with relapsed and refractory T or NK lymphomas. The objective of the phase I portion was to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and determine its toxicities. The phase I portion started at a dose of 4 mg/m2 iv for 3 consecutive days every 3 weeks. The cohort was expanded at the MTD. Results: 29 patients (median age was 54; range, 23-82) have been enrolled. The trial will be closed to accrual in 2 months. The most common histologies include: PTCL-NOS (n=8), transformed mycosis fungoides (tMF) (n=5), ALK- anaplastic larg.
Seasonal influenza vaccine uptake and vaccine refusal among pregnant women in France: results from a national survey

ABSTRACT Pregnant women and infants are at high risk for severe influenza and many countries, including France, recommend annual influenza immunization during pregnancy. We aimed to estimate influenza vaccination and refusal rates and assess associated factors among pregnant women during the 2015–16 season in France. We used data from a national representative sample of women who gave birth in March 2016 and were interviewed before hospital discharge (N = 11,752). In the multivariable analysis, robust Poisson regression models were used to study associations with maternal characteristics and prenatal care characteristics. Influenza vaccine coverage among pregnant women was 7.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.9–7.9). Only 24.9% (95% CI: 24.2–25.7) of women said that they received a care provider proposal for vaccination and 70.4% (95% CI: 68.7–72.0) of these declined it. Vaccine uptake was associated with low parity (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4–3.2 for parity 0 vs ≥ 3), high educational level (PR = 2.5; 95% CI: 2.0–3.2), healthcare occupation during pregnancy (PR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5–2.1) and preexisting conditions at risk for influenza (PR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3–2.2). Women were more frequently vaccinated when their main care provider was a general practitioner. Multiparae women and those with medium or low educational level were significantly more likely than others to decline influenza vaccine after a provider proposal. Influenza vaccine coverage is very low in France, mainly because of infrequent care provider proposals and also frequent women’s refusals. Effective interventions should be designed to promote vaccination among medical professionals and reduce vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women.
Mobility Aware Duty Cycling Algorithm (MADCAL) in Wireless Sensor Network with Mobile Sink Node

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) the use of Mobile Sink Nodes (MSNs) has been proposed in order to negate the "hotspot" issue. This where nodes closest to the sink node shall run out of energy fastest, affecting network lifetime. However, in using an MSN there remains the issue of nodes that sink passes closest to using most energy. In this study we propose a novel Mobility Aware Duty Cycling Algorithm (MADCAL), for use at the MAC layer. This algorithm provides a lightweight solution, utilising knowledge of the mobility pattern of the sink node in order to determine a dynamic communication threshold, within which static nodes shall awaken to communicate with the sink. This avoids the need for energy-heavy beacon messages. Using the Omnet++ simulation framework and tested on a lightweight implementation of a Carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) based MAC protocol, we demonstrate a reduction in energy consumption up to 15% and up to 300% increase in frame delivery to the MSN, when compared to the existing duty cycling approach.