Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Malaria Outbreak in Ameya Woreda, South-West Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2012: Weaknesses in Disease Control, Important Risk Factors

Malaria is endemic in Ethiopia but regional health bureaus have set goals for elimination of the disease through the implementation of aggressive malaria control and eradication measures. In May 2012 an increased number of malaria cases were reported from Ameyaworeda, South-West Shoa, Ethiopia, which previously had been targeted for elimination. We investigated to understand associated risk factors and propose control measures.We reviewed data from health post records from 2008 to 2012 to identify the baseline incidence of malaria for Ameya. We defined a confirmed case as a patient with malaria confirmed by microscopy or a rapid diagnostic test. From May 18 to June 10, 2012 we randomly selected 144 newly diagnosed malaria patients and compared with 144 community matched controls. Multivariate analysis was performed using Epi Info version 3.5. 3. We also assessed environmental conditions.The baseline incidence rate for malaria prior to the outbreak was 1/1000 population. Between March 2012 and May 2012 4768 cases were reported with a peak during May [Incidence: 37per 1,000 and no fatalities]. Using multivariate analysis, cases were found to be less likely to use ITN’s [OR: 0.09; 95%CI 0.05-0.16] and less likely to spray their houses [OR: 0.45; 95%CI 0.21-0.97] when compared with controls. Environmental assessment revealed the presence of stagnant water, which was favorable for mosquito breeding. We identified several factors that contributed to the outbreak, which included a low utilization of ITN’s, ideal conditions for vector breeding, a weak case detection system. We recommended and helped implement a community awareness program on the utilization of ITN’s, environmental management and focal indoor residual spray (IRS).
Experimental study of K-regime of breakdown in straight and swept wing boundary layers

~Received 16 October 2000; accepted 28 February 2001! In this Brief Communication, the nonlinear evolution of periodical disturbances generated by anexternal sound ﬁeld in a swept wing boundary layer is presented. All experimental results arecompared with corresponding data for a straight wing conﬁguration. The Tollmien–Schlichtinginstability has been studied, and it was found that the disturbance ﬂow ﬁeld remained highlydeterministic and periodic in both time and space until the latest stages of the transition. Afrequency-wave number Fourier analysis shows that the disturbance spectra comprise only thefundamental wave and its higher harmonics. The K-type breakdown scenario was observed, and thenonsymmetry of ﬂow patterns in the swept wing boundary layer was found to be due to the presenceof the cross ﬂow. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1366667#It is well known that the surface friction is the mainsource of drag on aircraft wings, road vehicles, and otherstreamlined bodies. Since the skin friction of turbulentboundary layers is signiﬁcantly greater than that of laminarboundary ﬂows, it is most important to have an insight intohow the laminar–turbulent transition occurs in differentthree-dimensional ~3D! boundary layers. This knowledgewould enable prediction and, in a future perspective, alsocontrol of all stages of the transition.Whereas the stability of two-dimensional~2D! boundarylayers has been extensively studied theoretically, experimen-tally, and numerically, much less effort has been devoted tothe stability of 3D boundary layer ﬂows owing to complexityof phenomena underlying the breakdown of laminar to tur-bulent ﬂow.
www.ssoar.info Relationship of training and education with employee performance in financial institutions

The aim of this study is to investigate the training that has positive impact on employees’ performance and productivity. This paper is quantitative in nature. Data for the paper have been collected through primary source by questionnaires surveys. The data have been checked through statistical software to find the influence and relationship of training on performance of employees. There are two variable Training (Independent) and Employees’ performance (Dependent). Seven conventional banks limited are selected for the study. It is concluded that training has strong positive impact on employee performance whereas education is negatively correlated with performance in the financial institution of southern Punjab. The research paper suggest that professional training is essential element of human capital development which leads to higher productivity and performance.
The influence of business strategy on new product activity: the mediating role of market orientation

In this paper we examine how business strategy influences the nature and extent of firms’ market orientation and how this in turn influences the extent of firms’ new product activity. Specifically, we develop a framework linking firms’ relative emphasis on cost leadership, product differentiation and focus strategies on firms’ customer, competitor and supplier orientation as well as their new product development and introduction activity. We use this framework to develop relevant hypotheses which we then test on survey data from 157 Dutch firms of varying sizes and from across various industries. The surprising findings are that a greater emphasis on a focus strategy results in a decreased emphasis on customer orientation and that competitor orientation influences new product activity only indirectly via customer orientation. Limitations of the study and implications of the findings for future research on market orientation and new product activity are discussed.
Efficient Lattice-Based Signcryption in Standard Model

Signcryption is a cryptographic primitive that can perform digital signature and public encryption simultaneously at a significantly reduced cost. This advantage makes it highly useful in many applications. However, most existing signcryption schemes are seriously challenged by the booming of quantum computations. As an interesting stepping stone in the post-quantum cryptographic community, two lattice-based signcryption schemes were proposed recently. But both of them were merely proved to be secure in the random oracle models. Therefore, the main contribution of this paper is to propose a new lattice-based signcryption scheme that can be proved to be secure in the standard model.
Effect of Sulphite and Uht Sterilization Parameters in the Coconut Water Quality

Coconut water (Cocus nucifera L.) has been widely exploited in recent years, with the UHT sterilization process (Ultra High Temperature) as the greatest economic impact for this sector. In a long period of storage, the color and quality of the product may change, impacting the visual aspect and influencing consumer acceptance.The aim of this study was to optimize the processing conditions, including temperature, retention time and sulphite content added. A central composite design (CCD) was performed, with temperature (128 °C to 142 °C), retention time (4 to 14 seconds) and sulphite addition (up to 50 mg.L-1) as independent variables, and the chemical and physical analysis as dependent variables. Hunter color, enzyme activity and turbidity were performed in 24 h and after 45 days storage at 25 oC. The results after one day storage, showed residual sulphite correlated only with the initial amount added, lowering around 20 %, allowing generate a response surface model. After 45 days it was found that the b* value and sulphite showed a significant effect with respect to the temperature level and added sulphite, respectively. Coconut water before processing presented polyphenoloxidase activity and no peroxidase activity, being inactivated in the UHT processing trials. In conclusion, all the levels used allow evaluate the processing effects in coconut water quality parameters, being effective in the polyphenoloxidase inactivation during storage.
Swedish-speaking Finns’ Construction of Work-related Identities (Available on Internet)

Due to its history Finland has two official languages: Finnish and Swedish. Despite a common nationality, it can be argued that the minority of Swedish-speaking Finns makes up a separate ethnic group because of its language, while also other factors like laws and common stereotypes reinforce a notion of distinction. Following from past research, ethnicity is one collective characteristic based on which individuals create their social identities and a sense of belonging. Also in an organisational context one’s ethnic background has been found to inform how individuals relate to themselves and other people in the organisation. This study sought to learn how Swedish-speaking Finns experience their ethnic background, and language abilities in particular, in organisational settings and what work-related identities they create based on those. The data were gathered in semistructured interviews with ten 20to 39-year-old Swedish-speaking Finns living in the Helsinki region. Narrative analysis was used to interpret the data. The findings suggest that the work-related identities of Swedish-speaking Finns are highly based on their subjective perception of their Finnish skills which influence the level of interference of Finnish skills with job performance and labour market access. That may have a further impact on an organisation’s talent attraction as well as on the general organisational climate and employee satisfaction. The results also add to the theoretical knowledge about ethnic minorities’ organisational experiences and social identity at work, as well as about language in work contexts and its influence on identity. The results allow comparison with other ethnic groups and contexts.
Parameterization of monoenergetic electron impact ionization

We report a new parameterization of ionization in the Earth's atmosphere by isotropically precipitating monoenergetic (100 eV to 1 MeV) electrons. This new parameterization is the first one based on sophisticated first‐principle models, and represents a significant improvement in accuracy, particularly for incident auroral and lower energies. Without previous need to interpolate over source energy and atmospheric range, the new parameterization provides an easier implementation with a robust fit of model calculations for a wide range of incident energies and atmospheric conditions. By decomposing any incident energy spectrum into contiguous monoenergetic components and then calculating and integrating their resulting ionization, our parameterization is a valuable tool that can be used in conjunction with global models to accurately quantify the impact from realistic precipitating electrons during space weather events.
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON PROGESTERONE LEVEL OF DAIRY CATTLE IN DISTRICT NOWSHERA

Effects of environment on fertility measures early in lactation, such as the interval from calving to first luteal activity (CLA), proportion of samples with luteal activity during the first 60 days after calving (PLA) and interval to first ovulatory estrus (OOE) were studied. Traditional measurements of fertility, such as pregnancy to first insemination, number of inseminations per service period and interval from first to last insemination were studied as well as associations between the early and late measurements. Data were collected from an experimental herd during 15 years and included 1106 post-partum periods from 191 Holsteins and 325 Jersey dairy cows. Individual milk progesterone samples were taken twice a week until cyclicity and thereafter less frequently. First parity cows had 14.8 and 18.1 days longer CLA (LS-means difference) than second parity cows and older cows, respectively. Moreover, CLA was 10.5 days longer for cows that calved during the winter season compared with the summer season and 7.5 days longer for cows in tie-stalls than cows in loose-housing system. Cows treated for mastitis and lameness had 8.4 and 18.0 days longer CLA, respectively, compared with healthy cows. OOE was affected in the same way as CLA by the different environmental factors. PLA was a good indicator of CLA, and there was a high correlation (−0.69) between these two measurements. Treatment for lameness had a significant influence on all late fertility measurements, whereas housing was significant only for pregnancy to first insemination. All fertility traits were unfavorably associated with increased milk production. Regression of late fertility measurements on early fertility measurements had only a minor association with conception at first AI and interval from first to last AI for cows with conventional calving intervals, i.e. a 22 days later, CLA increased the interval from first to last insemination by 3.4 days. Early measurements had repeatability of 0.14–0.16, indicating a higher influence by the cow itself compared with late measurements, which had repeatability of 0.09–0.10. This study shows that early fertility measurements have a possibility to be used in breeding for better fertility. To improve the early fertility of the cow, there are a number of important factors that have to be taken into account.
Controlled Delayed Cooling Extends Peach Market Life

A commercial controlled delayed cooling or preconditioning treatment was developed to extend peach (Prunus persica) market life of the most popular California peach cultivars. A 24 to 48 h cooling delay at 68 °F (20.0 °C) was the most effective treatment for extending market life of internal breakdown susceptible peaches without causing fruit deterioration. This treatment increased minimum market life by up to 2 weeks in the cultivars tested. Weight loss and softening occurred during the controlled delayed cooling treatments, but did not reduce fruit quality. Detailed monitoring of these fruit quality changes during the delayed cooling period and proper use of fungicides is highly recommended for success in this new fruit delivery system. Rapid cooling after preconditioning is important to stop further fruit deterioration such as fl esh softening, senescence, decay and weight loss. Controlled delayed cooling can also be used to pre-ripen susceptible and nonsusceptible peaches to deliver a readyto-buy product to the consumer.
A Meta‐Analysis of the Union–Job Satisfaction Relationship

The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic and quantitative review of the existing empirical evidence on the effects of unionization on overall job satisfaction. We conducted a meta-regression analysis (MRA) with results from a pool of 235 estimates from 59 studies published between 1978 and 2015. The accumulated evidence indicates that unionization is negatively related to job satisfaction but is far from being conclusive. When primary studies control for endogeneity of union membership, the results of the MRA indicate that the difference in job satisfaction between unionized and non-unionized workers disappears. These results suggest that reverse causation (i.e. dissatisfied workers are more likely to join a union) and time-varying endogenous effects play a key role in explaining the relationship between unionization and job satisfaction.
ON THE SELF SIMILAR ENERGY GAIN SCALING IN ISOBARIC APPROACH OF ICF TARGETS

In this paper we start with Meyer-Ter-Vehn isobaric fusion model and try to reconstruct all equations by introducing a dimensionless variable ψi=ri/Rm. Then we investigate the proper sets of spark confinement parameter and temperature {Hs,Ts} which satisfy ignition conditions of spark ignition in deuterium-tritium (DT) equimolar mixture in terms of isentrope parameter, α, implosion velocity, Uim. Finally, limiting fuel energy gain curve (Gf*) as function of ignition energy (Eign) for different implosion velocities is calculated. By this simple modification of our original formulation, we obtain fuel energy scaling as Ef∝α 3 Uim −10 for desirable range of ignition parameters. Since in our formulation HsTs product has appeared, it enabled us to insert a scaling relation for ignition condition in fuel energy, Ef which this in turn decreases implosion velocity exponent in our scaling relation to 7.0.
Frequency of Placenta Previa in scarred and unscarred uterus

Objective: to determine the frequency of placenta previa in scarred and unscarred uterus. Methodology: This cross sectional study was started in the department of Gynaecology, Nishtar hospital, Multan, from June 2016 to November 2016. Data was entered in a computer software SPSS version 23. Quantitative variable like age, gestational age and gravidity was calculated as mean ± SD and qualitative variables like gender degrees of previa and placenta previa in scared and non scared uterus was presented as a frequency and percentages. Chi-square test was used for data analysis. Post stratification chi square test was applied to see the effect of confounders. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Overall there were 100% (n=330) females were included in this study. The mean age, gestational age and gravidity of the patients was 25.58±4.18 years, 29.85±2.78 weeks and 3.58±1.55 respectively. Placenta previa in scarred uterus and non-scarred uterus was observed as 70.6% (n=233) and 29.4% (n=97) respectively. Degrees of previa was observed as 80.3% (n=265) major degree and 19.7% (n=65) minor degree. Distribution of placenta Previa according to previous caesarean sections was done which showed that out of 100% (n=330) cases of placenta Previa, 23.3% (n=77) had history of previous one LSCS, 33.9% (n=112) had two LSCS, 37% (n=122) had three LSCS and 5.8% (n=19) had four LSCS. Conclusion: Frequency of placenta previa is higher in scared uterus in our region than non scared uterus. Keywords: Placenta previa, scares, unscarred uterus, Cesarean section.
Institutional Support in Managerial Capacity Building and SMEs Growth

Quality managerial skills have been cited as very crucial and important ingredient in the success of enterprise and it is ranked high among other success factors of enterprises in Ireland. As many of the traditional sources of competitive advantage (technology, economies of scale, patents etc.) diminishes in value, the role of a skilled motivated and flexible workforce has become more prominent. In contrast, most SMEs do not have access to quality labor force, which normally translates to l productivity and uncompetitive, and in the long run affects the national growth and development. It is therefore not an act of accident to see several government and other institutions support SMEs train and maintain quality workforce. The task before this researcher is to assess the impact of institutional support in the provision of managerial capacity building on the growth of selected SMEs in Ghana. Using firm level data from 500 SMEs from the ten regional capitals of Ghana, the results indicated that the provision of institutional support in the training of procurement personnel, bookkeeping and accounting and business plan preparation experts had positive impact on the growth and development of the SMEs.
Estimation of regional air-quality damages from Marcellus Shale natural gas extraction in Pennsylvania

This letter provides a first-order estimate of conventional air pollutant emissions, and the monetary value of the associated environmental and health damages, from the extraction of unconventional shale gas in Pennsylvania. Region-wide estimated damages ranged from $7.2 to $32 million dollars for 2011. The emissions from Pennsylvania shale gas extraction represented only a few per cent of total statewide emissions, and the resulting statewide damages were less than those estimated for each of the state’s largest coal-based power plants. On the other hand, in counties where activities are concentrated, NOx emissions from all shale gas activities were 20–40 times higher than allowable for a single minor source, despite the fact that individual new gas industry facilities generally fall below the major source threshold for NOx. Most emissions are related to ongoing activities, i.e., gas production and compression, which can be expected to persist beyond initial development and which are largely unrelated to the unconventional nature of the resource. Regulatory agencies and the shale gas industry, in developing regulations and best practices, should consider air emissions from these long-term activities, especially if development occurs in more populated areas of the state where per-ton emissions damages are significantly higher.
Nutrition education program and knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of Iranian students: A clinical trial

Background & Aim: Dietary behavior modification has an important eff ect on chronic disease occurrence. This study aimed to examine the effects of an education program on nutritional knowledge, attitude, and behavior among female students studying in Bojnord, Iran. Methods & Materials: This was a clinical trial that was conducted in 20 09. Of all secondary schools, 2 classes were randomly selected from whic h 115 students were recruited and randomly divided into intervention group (n = 55) or control group (n = 60). The intervention program was administered to the intervention group, whereas the other group just received routine education. Data were collected at baseline, and after 45 days and 360 days of follow up via a self-administered questionnaire regarding knowledge, attitude, and pr actice variables. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze data . Results: As the results showed, there were significant diff erences within each group over time in terms of knowledge, attitude, and behavior (P < 0.0 01). Furthermore, the two groups, regardless of time, were different in all studied variables (P < 0.001) and also the interaction between time and group were significantly different regarding the th ree studied scales (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study indicated that the designed educational program could improve the knowledge, attitude, and nutrition behavior of female s tudents of Birdjand up to 12 months. Therefore, this program could be conducted in primary schools of Bojnord city to improve nutrition behavior of the students .
Submarine propulsion shaft life : probabilistic prediction and extension through prevention of water ingress

Abstract : Submarine propulsion shafts have demonstrated acceptable reliability performance when inspected and refurbished at least every 6 years. Designers wish to extend the inspection interval to 12 years without sacrificing reliability. This interval is unprecedented, as no known submarine shafting system is currently operated with this inspection cycle, nor are any known commercial vessel shafts. Experience and improved design have eliminated many threats to the life of a submarine shaft, but inspections of existing shafts show a high percentage with signs of wetting, leaving designers with less-than-acceptable confidence to approve this longer inspection interval due to the possibility of corrosion fatigue failure. This thesis uses probabilistic models from literature for pitting and cracking of wetted shafts, along with Monte Carlo simulations, to predict results of shafts inspections. Each possible water ingress distribution is analyzed by simulating shafts under 6 years of exposure to the water ingress, pitting, and cracking models in order to estimate the effects of corrosion fatigue. A water ingress distribution that predicts inspection results closest to actual inspection results is identified. Some information about water ingress is inferred from this distribution. Next, using the same literature models, a water ingress distribution that predicts similar performance at 12 years is identified. It is shown that the time a shaft is in service prior to becoming wetted must increase substantially. Predicted failure rates are low, but they are still higher than acceptable. This thesis recommends that inspection procedures are updated to provide more robust information for future analyses, which would better identify the appropriate distributions and greatly reduce uncertainty.