Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latent nystagmus: vestibular nystagmus with a twist.

BACKGROUND Latent nystagmus is a horizontal binocular oscillation that is evoked by unequal visual input to the 2 eyes. It develops primarily in humans with congenital esotropia. OBJECTIVE To investigate the interrelationship between latent and peripheral vestibular nystagmus and their corollary neuroanatomical pathways. METHODS Examination of subcortical neuroanatomical pathways producing latent nystagmus and review of the neurophysiological mechanisms by which they become activated in congenital esotropia. RESULTS The vestibular nucleus presides over motion input from the eyes and labyrinths. Latent nystagmus corresponds to the optokinetic component of ocular rotation that is driven monocularly by nasal optic flow during a turning movement of the body in lateral-eyed animals. Congenital esotropia alters visual pathway development from the visual cortex to subcortical centers that project to the vestibular nucleus, allowing this primitive subcortical motion detection system to generate latent nystagmus under conditions of monocular fixation. CONCLUSIONS Latent nystagmus is the ocular counterpart of peripheral vestibular nystagmus. Its clinical expression in humans proclaims the evolutionary function of the eyes as sensory balance organs.
CHANGES IN THE CLINICAL FEATURES AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF ENDOGENOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS: Fifteen Years of Clinical Experience in Korea

Purpose: To identify changes in the clinical features, management, and prognostic factors of endogenous endophthalmitis in Korea from 1996 through 2010. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed with endogenous endophthalmitis from January 1996 to December 2010, which was divided into 3 periods: 1996 to 2000, 2001 to 2005, and 2006 to 2010. Variables included age, source of infection, systemic conditions, initial and final visual acuities, causative organisms, and treatment. Results: Endophthalmitis was identified in 80 patients (97 eyes). Diabetes (42.5%) and liver cirrhosis (20%) were the common systemic problems in these patients. Liver abscess (25%) was the most common infection focus of the endophthalmitis. Klebsiella pneumoniae (48.4%) was the common causative agent, although more recently, endophthalmitis caused by gram-positive cocci has increased in frequency. The use of vitrectomy as an initial treatment has increased during the past 5 years. Good initial visual acuity greater than counting fingers (P < 0.001), early vitrectomy in patients with initially good visual presentation (P = 0.035), and gram-positive cocci (P = 0.033) as a causative agent were significantly related to a successful visual outcome. Conclusion: Although the prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis is generally poor in most patients, some eyes can have relatively good visual outcomes if treated appropriately and early enough.
Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Impact on Copper Corrosion Behavior in Natural Seawater Environment

In this study, the electrochemical corrosion behavior of copper was investigated in seawater collected from four different marine zones of Agadir coastal. These zones are different by the degree of pollution in order to study the effect of this pollution on the copper corrosion, especially the microbial pollution by sulfate reducing-bacteria (SRB). So, to prove this relationship, the microbiological analyses researching the SRB are realized. In parallel, the electrochemical impedance measurement and atomic absorption analysis are established to compare the microbiological evolution cycles with the electrochemical behavior of copper during the immersion period. In the results, we found a good correlation between the growth cycle of marine sulfate-reducing bacteria and the copper corrosion rate by the sulfur and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced as bacteria metabolites. Additionally, this corrosion rate depends on the immersed time: it is maximal after the first or second month depending on the marine zone.
The effect of combined rapamycin/cyclosporine on the changes in pro‐fibrotic gene expression that occur during the development of allograft vasculopathy in rats, compared with cyclosporine or rapamycin in isolation

Abstract Chronic allograft dysfunction, the leading cause of solid‐organ transplant failure, is characterised by histological evidence of extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation (fibrosis). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of combined rapamycin and cyclosporine therapy on fibrosis‐associated gene expression and ECM turnover during the development of allograft vasculopathy, compared with either agent alone. Lewis recipients of F344 rat thoracic‐to‐abdominal aorta transplants were administered rapamycin, cyclosporine, combined rapamycin and cyclosporine or no treatment. F344‐to‐F344 isografts served as controls. Six grafts in each group were harvested at 16 weeks. Vascular remodelling and ECM accumulation (Sirius red) were measured by computerised histomorphometry of aortic sections. Messenger RNA was extracted from frozen tissue, and expression of fibrosis‐associated genes was studied by means of semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Rapamycin (0.5 mg/kg per day) or cyclosporine (5 mg/kg per day) inhibited intimal hyperplasia, medial ECM accumulation and expansive vascular remodelling (increasing vessel circumference) in rat aortic allografts. This was associated with attenuation of the graft inflammatory infiltrate and a reduction in intra‐graft gelatinase, collagen III and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1 mRNA levels. Combined rapamycin and cyclosporine inhibited intimal hyperplasia; however, there was a lesser effect on vascular remodelling and medial ECM accumulation. Combined‐treatment aortic allografts were also seen to have a moresevere inflammatory infiltrate and larger amounts of intra‐graft matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β and TIMP‐1 mRNA than those treated with monotherapy. Rapamycin and cyclosporine act synergistically to inhibit intimal hyperplasia but not the inflammatory infiltrate, allograft fibrosis or vessel remodelling. In the high‐responder F344‐to‐Lewis rat model, effective immunosuppression is required to reduce graft fibrosis.
11 Projected Newton-type Methods in Machine Learning

We consider projected Newton-type methods for solving large-scale optimization problems arising in machine learning and related fields. We first introduce an algorithmic framework for projected Newton-type methods by reviewing a canonical projected (quasi-)Newton method. This method, while conceptually pleasing, has a high computation cost per iteration. Thus, we discuss two variants that are more scalable, namely, two-metric projection and inexact projection methods. Finally, we show how to apply the Newton-type framework to handle non-smooth objectives. Examples are provided throughout the chapter to illustrate machine learning applications of our framework.
Big data analytics for network anomaly detection from netflow data

Cyber-attacks wasorganized in a simple and random way in the past. However attacks are carried out systematically and long term nowadays. In addition, the high calculation volume and continuous changes in network data distribution have made it more difficult to analyze data and detect abnormal behaviors within. For this reason, big data solutions have become essential. In this paper, firstly network anomaly and attack detection studies on big data has been reviewed. Then, a public big network data was analyzed with a new unsupervised anomaly detection approach on Apache Spark cluster in Azure HDInsight. Finally, the results obtained from a case study were evaluated, %96 accuracy was achieved. The results were visualized after dimension reduction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The identified anomalies may provide usable outputs to understand the behavior of the network, distinguishing the attacks, providing better cyber security, and protecting critical infrastructures.
Ultrabroadband Supercontinuum Generation Through Photonic Crystal Fiber With As2S3 Chalcogenide Core

In this paper, a novel design of silica photonic crystal fiber is proposed and analyzed for supercontinuum generation (SCG). The suggested design has an As2S3 chalcogenide core region with large nonlinear coefficient and low anomalous dispersion. The modal analysis of the reported design is performed using a full vectorial finite element method while the SCG is simulated by solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation using the split-step Fourier method. The effects of the fiber length, pump peak power, and pump wavelength on the SCG performance are studied thoroughly. It has been shown that the reported design has a very low zero dispersion wavelength, which facilitates the pumping at wavelength of 1.55 μm. Furthermore, the investigated design has ultrabroadband super continuum spectra of 2656 and 1788 nm around wavelengths of 1.55 and 1.3 μm, respectively, with a short device length of 10 mm. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the achieved ultrabroadband spectra are the maximum bandwidths with the shortest length for the two operating wavelengths 1.55 and 1.3 μm, simultaneously.
Business value of in-memory technology - multiple-case study insights

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the business value of in-memory computing (IMC) technology by analyzing its organizational impact in different application scenarios. Design/methodology/approach – This research applies a multiple-case study methodology analyzing five cases of IMC application scenarios in five large European industrial and service-sector companies. Findings – Results show that IMC can deliver business value in various applications ranging from advanced analytic insights to support of real-time processes. This enables higher-level organizational advantages like data-driven decision making, superior transparency of operations, and experience with Big Data technology. The findings are summarized in a business value generation model which captures the business benefits along with preceding enabling changes in the organizational environment. Practical implications – Results aid managers in identifying different application scenarios where IMC technology may generate value for th.
Detection of α1 Integrin in Urine of Patients With Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy

Background The α1β1 integrin is a cell surface membrane heterodimer composed of noncovalently linked α1 and β1 polypeptides that is up-regulated on activated and proliferating mesangial cells. Methods A double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that detects α1 integrin in a specific and dose-dependent manner at concentrations greater than 150 ng/mL was used to evaluate whether intact α1 polypeptides are secreted in the urine samples of 29 patients with various kidney diseases and in those of 5 healthy individuals. Results α1 Integrin was detected in 8 of the 29 patients including 3 of 3 patients with biopsy-proven immunoglobulin A nephropathy and 3 of 3 clinically suspected but non-biopsy-proven immunoglobulin A nephropathy with evidence of active nephritis. No α1 integrins were found in samples of 5 healthy controls. Conclusions α1 Integrin polypeptides can be detected in human urine, particularly in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Further extensive studies are required to clarify the significance of secretion of α1 integrins in urine of patients with kidney disease.
Motivation of Disabled Athletes to Participate in Triathlons

25 competitors in the Fifth National Triathlon for the Physically Challenged responded to a questionnaire regarding their previous and current exercise and participation in sports. Analysis showed that the majority had been active before the onset of disability and that the encouragement and motivation provided by other physically disabled individuals was the consistent factor in their own initial rehabilitation and subsequent participation in sports.
Hearing: Individual Differences in Perceiving

Four different types of hearing were investigated using 25 men and 25 women as subjects: pure tone threshold, judgment of loudness, pitch discrimination, and annoyance of a repeating stimulus. Differences were found at high frequency thresholds (above 6000 Hz), in loudness judgment, and in the annoyance test. The pitch discrimination test showed no effect of sex, but a large effect of years of musical training. None of the four hearing parameters investigated bore any statistical relationship to any other, demonstrating that these hearing types are distinct and will vary within, as well as between subjects. Personality assessment showed no relationship to any type of-hearing, with the exception of extraversion and loudness judgment, suggesting that fairly pure sensitivity factors are being measured.
Tuning bands of PbSe for better thermoelectric efficiency

Improving the thermoelectric performance of PbSe over its previously reported maximum zT can be achieved by engineering its electronic band structure. We demonstrate here, using optical absorption spectra, first principles calculations, and temperature dependent transport measurements, that alloying PbSe with SrSe leads to a dramatic change of the band structure that increases the thermoelectric figure of merit, zT. The temperature where the two valence bands converge decreases with Sr addition. The zT value, when the carrier density is optimized, increases with Sr addition in Pb1−xSrxSe and when x = 0.08 a maximum zT of 1.5 at 900 K is achieved. The net benefit in zT comes from the band structure tuning even though in other thermoelectric solid solutions it is the thermal conductivity reduction from disorder that leads to net zT improvement.
Morphometric Analysis of 21 Pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus) Genotypes

Morphological variation was studied in 21 pitahaya genotypes using multivariate analysis. Genotypes were classified by the color of the skin and pulp of the fruit into white, red, magenta, and yellow in order to determine whether other characteristics would also help discriminate among them. The results of principal-component analysis based on 47 features showed three groups of pitahayas, while canonical discriminant analysis analyzing only 28 features selected by the principal-component analysis gave four groups. In both analyses, the magenta and red pitahaya types were assigned to different groups, while yellow and white types, although classified into different groups, were more similar. The differentiation between groups was mainly related to stem features, such as the size of the concave angle, height of the angle vertex, undulation height, and spine number and length. The number and length of internal perianth segments were the most important flower features. Variation in stem features corresponded to variation in H. undatus. The four groups were thus considered to belong to this species.
Reproducibility and variability of activated clotting time measurements in the cardiac catheterization laboratory

The objective of this study was to characterize the reproducibility and variability in the measurement to the activated clotting time (ACT) when performed on two different types of instruments, the HemoTec ACT (Medtronic) and the Hemochron 801 (International Technidyne). The ACT has evolved into the most common point‐of‐care test used in the cardiac catheterization lab to manage patient heparinization. Since the test has not been standardized, different systems frequently produce different results under the same clinical conditions. Duplicate paired ACT tests (n = 885) from 359 patients were performed on both instruments. Prothrombin times (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTT) were also determined on subsets of these same samples (PT = 533; aPTT = 487). The performance and relationships between the two tests were determined using a variety of statistical analytical techniques. The average difference between the ACT devices was only 8 sec, yet more than 60% of the measurements varied by more than 10%. Over one‐fourth of measurements varied by more than 20%. The reproducibility to the HemoTec instrument was superior to the Hemochron instrument across the entire range of ACTs measured (mean coefficient of variation 2.4% 54± 3.1% vs. 7.2% 54± 6.1% for HemoTec and Hemochron, respectively; P < 0.00001; range = 65–555 sec). The relationship between the two ACTs was nonlinear. In therapeutic ranges used for interventional procedures (200–350 sec), HemoTec and Hemochron ACTs are not comparable to one another. Statistical comparative analysis indicated that the HemoTec ACT has better overall performance. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
College-Going Benefits of High School Sports Participation

The long touted athlete advantage in college enrollment has been tempered by assertions that this advantage is actually due to characteristics that precede participation. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the benefits of sports extend into contemporary times and apply equally to female and racial minority athletes. This study uses three nationally representative longitudinal data sets of students who were 10th graders in 1980, 1990, and 2002. We find that high school sports participation was positively associated with college enrollment, even with the utilization of propensity score modeling, for White boys and girls, Black boys, and Latino boys and girls during the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. The most important gender and race differences include Black female athletes’ college-going disadvantage in the 1980s and 1990s, and girls’ persistently lower rates of high school sports participation than boys’.
Ghrelin, Resistin and Leptin Levels inPatients with Metabolic Syndrome

Aim: This study was designed to compare the fasting ghrelin, leptin and resistin levels between metabolic syndrome (MS) patients with healthy controls. Method: This trial was performed on 21 patients with MS (7 men; mean age, 44±4 years) and 17 healthy controls (8 men; mean age, 43±3 years). Diagnosis of MS was defined based on National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria. Patients meeting at least 3 of the MS criteria, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 were included in the MS group. Among healthy volunteers, those with a BMI<30 kg/m2 were selected as the control group. Plasma ghrelin, serum leptin and resistin concentrations were measured by ELISA method. Result: Ghrelin levels were similar between MS and control groups. There was a negative correlation detected between ghrelin levels with BMI and leptin levels (r=-.54, P=.01 and r=-.56, P=.009, respectively). Resistin levels were found similar between MS with control groups. Leptin levels were significantly higher at the MS group than control group (35±17 ng/ml vs. 14±8 ng/ml, P=.001). Leptin levels had a positive correlation with BMI (r=.56; P=.008). Conclusion: We have demonstrated that leptin levels in MS group were higher than control group. However, ghrelin and resistin levels were similar to control group. In addition, we have showed leptin levels has a positive correlation with BMI and a negative correlation with ghrelin levels.
Avaliação da esperança em cuidados paliativos : tradução e adaptação transcultural do Herth Hope Index

Resumo: Introdução e objectivos: O presente estudo teve como objectivos traduzir e v alidar para a cultura portuguesa o “Herth Hope Index”; determinar o nível de esperança dos doentes em Cuidados Paliativos e identificar as suas caracterí sticas sócio-demográficas e clínicas. Metodologia Partindo do “Herth Hope Index” (Kaye Herth, 1992) procedeu-se a um estudo de investigação metodológica . O instrumento foi validado numa amostra de 117 doen tes, maioritariamente do sexo feminino (56, 4%) com uma média de idades de 67,3 anos (D.P.= 12, 2). Na validação seguiu-se a mesma metodologia da utora da escala original a quem foi solicitada a autorização assim como às direcções da s instituições onde foram recolhidos os dados (Equipas de Cuidados Paliativos). Obtivemos t ambém o consentimento informado dos doentes. Resultados: Após a análise da homogeneidade dos itens, suprimir am-se 3 da escala original, ficando a Escala de Esperança de Herth – HHI-PT con stituída por 9 itens que permite a obtenção de uma pontuação global (pontuações mais e levadas maior nível de esperança) organizados apenas numa dimensão que explica 50,3% de variância explicada. O coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach (0,873) permite igualmente afir m r que o instrumento apresenta uma boa consistência interna. Os doentes apresentam índices e perança bons (média de 3,2; D.P.= 0,52). Conclusão: Os resultados indiciaram estarmos perante uma esca la fiável e válida para a avaliação da esperança em cuidados paliativos, embo ra se sugira a necessidade de novos estudos de revalidação.
The Herpes Simplex Virus 2 UL21 Protein Is Essential for Virus Propagation

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is an important human pathogen that is the major cause of genital herpes infections and a significant contributor to the epidemic spread of human immunodeficiency virus infections. The UL21 gene is conserved throughout the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily and encodes a tegument protein that is dispensable for HSV-1 and pseudorabies virus replication in cultured cells; however, its precise functions have not been determined. To investigate the role of UL21 in the HSV-2 replicative cycle, we constructed a UL21 deletion virus (HSV-2 ΔUL21) using an HSV-2 bacterial artificial chromosome, pYEbac373. HSV-2 ΔUL21 was unable to direct the production of infectious virus in noncomplementing cells, whereas the repaired HSV-2 ΔUL21 strain grew to wild-type (WT) titers, indicating that UL21 is essential for virus propagation. Cells infected with HSV-2 ΔUL21 demonstrated a 2-h delay in the kinetics of immediate early viral gene expression. However, this delay in gene expression was not responsible for the inability of cells infected with HSV-2 ΔUL21 to produce virus insofar as late viral gene products accumulated to WT levels by 24 h postinfection (hpi). Electron and fluorescence microscopy studies indicated that DNA-containing capsids formed in the nuclei of ΔUL21-infected cells, while significantly reduced numbers of capsids were located in the cytoplasm late in infection. Taken together, these data indicate that HSV-2 UL21 has an early function that facilitates viral gene expression as well as a late essential function that promotes the egress of capsids from the nucleus.
H reflex analysis of segmental reflex excitability in flexor and extensor muscles

In normal adults, H reflexes are commonly found only in the antigravity calf and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles. However, these responses may be more widespread if agonist muscles contract. This study demonstrates that H reflexes may be found in the peroneal (P) and anterior tibialis (TA) muscles in the leg and the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) muscle in the arm on contraction of the antagonistic calf and flexor carpiradialis muscles, respectively. H reflexes were also elicited regularly in the EDC by passive extension of the wrist. The data indicate physiologic unity of comparably acting human antigravity muscles and their antagonists in both the upper and lower extremities, and imply an important functional role of group II afferent fibers in normal motor system activity.