Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of the full elastic tensor of single crystals using shear wave velocities by Brillouin spectroscopy

Abstract Single-crystal elasticity of candidate minerals in the Earth’s mantle, such as that of ferropericlase and bridgmanite, etc., is very important for understanding the seismic observations, geodynamic flow patterns, and testing geochemical and mineralogical models of the planet’s deep interior. Determination of the full elastic tensor typically requires measuring both compressional and shear wave velocities (vP and vS) of the candidate single crystal as a function of crystallographic orientations at high pressures, but it has been a huge technical challenge obtaining vP at pressures above 25 GPa using Brillouin light scattering coupled with in a diamond-anvil cell due to the spectral overlap of the sample vP with the vS of the diamond window. In this study, we present a new method to derive the full elastic tensor (Cij) of single crystals using only measured vS of a given crystal platelet as a function of the azimuthal angle. Experimentally determined vP and vS results from Brillouin measurements for cubic periclase (MgO) and spinel (MgAl2O4), tetragonal stishovite (SiO2), and orthorhombic zoisite [Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH)] at ambient conditions are used as examples to demonstrate the application of our approach from theoretical analyses and experimental prospective. For high-symmetry cubic minerals, such as cubic MgO and spinel, a suitable crystallographic plane with small tradeoffs between any two Cij in vS is required for the method to work well such that the obtained Cij using measured vS velocities alone can be within 3% of the values derived from using both vS and vP. Our analyses show that the (-1,0.5,0.2) platelet for periclase and the (1,1,0) platelet for spinel are respective optimal orientations for applying our method. For lower symmetry minerals, such as tetragonal stishovite and orthorhombic zoisite, three crystallographic planes, that are orthogonal to each other and are tilted at least 20° from the principal crystallographic planes, can be used to provide reliable constraints on Cij using measured vS alone. We have extended this method to derive Cij of the (-1,0.5,0.2) platelet for periclase at pressures of 5.8 and 11.3 GPa, in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell to demonstrate the usefulness of the approach in studying the elasticity of Earth’s mantle minerals at relevant pressure-temperature conditions. Our proposed approach can be extended to all other crystal systems at high pressures to overcome the constant lack of experimental vP velocities at above 25 GPa, potentially providing new experimental and theoretical approaches in constraining the elastic tensor of the materials in the Earth’s deep interior, which will be an effective strategy to solve one of the most relevant difficulties involved in the experimental study of the elastic properties (especially elastic anisotropy) of minerals of the lower mantle.
Phasic Stimulation of Midbrain Dopamine Neuron Activity Reduces Salt Consumption

Abstract Salt intake is an essential dietary requirement, but excessive consumption is implicated in hypertension and associated conditions. Little is known about the neural circuit mechanisms that control motivation to consume salt, although the midbrain dopamine system, which plays a key role in other reward-related behaviors, has been implicated. We, therefore, examined the effects on salt consumption of either optogenetic excitation or chemogenetic inhibition of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons in male mice. Strikingly, optogenetic excitation of dopamine neurons decreased salt intake in a rapid and reversible manner, despite a strong salt appetite. Importantly, optogenetic excitation was not aversive, did not induce hyperactivity, and did not alter salt concentration preferences in a need-free state. In addition, we found that chemogenetic inhibition of dopamine neurons had no effect on salt intake. Lastly, optogenetic excitation of dopamine neurons reduced consumption of sucrose following an overnight fast, suggesting a more general role of VTA dopamine neuron excitation in organizing motivated behaviors.
A Practitioners' Guide to Transfer Learning for Text Classification using Convolutional Neural Networks

Transfer Learning (TL) plays a crucial role when a given dataset has insufficient labeled examples to train an accurate model. In such scenarios, the knowledge accumulated within a model pre-trained on a source dataset can be transferred to a target dataset, resulting in the improvement of the target model. Though TL is found to be successful in the realm of image-based applications, its impact and practical use in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications is still a subject of research. Due to their hierarchical architecture, Deep Neural Networks (DNN) provide flexibility and customization in adjusting their parameters and depth of layers, thereby forming an apt area for exploiting the use of TL. In this paper, we report the results and conclusions obtained from extensive empirical experiments using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and try to uncover thumb rules to ensure a successful positive transfer. In addition, we also highlight the flawed means that could lead to a negative transfer. We explore the transferability of various layers and describe the effect of varying hyper-parameters on the transfer performance. Also, we present a comparison of accuracy value and model size against state-of-the-art methods. Finally, we derive inferences from the empirical results and provide best practices to achieve a successful positive transfer.
Dexamethasone-Activated MSCs Release MVs for Stimulating Osteogenic Response

The extracellular microvesicles (MVs) are attracting much attention because they are found to be the key paracrine mediator participating in tissue regeneration. Dexamethasone (DXM) is widely accepted as an important regulator in tailoring the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the effect of DXM on the paracrine signaling of MSCs remains unknown. To this point, we aimed to explore the role of DXM in regulating the paracrine activity of MSCs through evaluating the release and function of MSC-MVs, based on their physicochemical characteristics and support on osteogenic response. Results showed that DXM had no evident impact on the release of MSC-MVs but played a pivotal role in regulating the function of MSC-MVs. MVs obtained from the DXM-stimulated MSCs (DXM-MVs) increased MC3T3 cell proliferation and migration and upregulated Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteopontin (OPN) expression. The repair efficiency of DXM-MVs for femur defects was further investigated in an established rat model. It was found that DXM-MVs accelerated the healing process of bone formation in the defect area. Thus, we conclude that using DXM as stimuli to obtain functional MSCs-MVs could become a valuable tool for promoting bone regeneration.
Multilatinas as Sources of New Research Insights: The Learning and Escape Drivers of International Expansion

This study reviews the literature on multilatinas, Latin American multinationals, and provides suggestions for using these firms as a laboratory for extending exiting theories and models of the multinational. Analyses of their behavior tend to discuss their upgrading of capabilities and their patterns of internationalization. An additional opportunity exists to contribute to the literature by analyzing how some of the unique characteristics of Latin American countries affect the internationalization of firms. The review explains how four characteristics of their home countries (political uncertainty, violence, pro-market reforms and reversals, and geographic isolation) can result in the foreign expansion of firms, either because managerial learning of the home country conditions facilitates internationalization (the learning driver), or because the home country conditions induce internationalization to escape those conditions (the escape driver).
The Effect of Trade Liberalization On Trade Tax Revenue in Nigeria

The study examined the relative contribution of trade liberalization on trade tax revenue in Nigeria for the period 1970 to 2009. Annual secondary data for the period was utilized. Data on trade tax revenue, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), trade openness, exchange rate and public debt were sourced from the annual Statistical Bulletin published by Central Bank of Nigeria. The findings of the study showed that trade liberalization, public debt, trade openness, gross domestic product and labor force impacted positively on trade tax revenue while exchange rate had negative effect. The Wald test showed that labor, public debt and exchange rate had significant influence on trade tax revenue while the Beta coefficient showed that trade liberalization policy was the major determinant of trade tax revenue in Nigeria. The study concluded that there is the need for appropriate macroeconomic policy to enhance the success of trade liberalization policy in Nigeria.
Growth Option, Contingent Capital and Agency Conflicts

This paper examines how contingent convertible bonds (CoCos) outstanding impact on expansion investment under exogenous and endogenous conversion threshold. We provide a relatively formal method to price general corporate securities. We find that under an exogenous conversion threshold, there is a conversion ratio, i.e. a fraction of equity allocated to CoCos' holders upon conversion, such that underinvestment is eliminated. With a sufficiently high conversion ratio, issuing CoCos can alleviate and even eliminate the inefficiencies arising from debt overhang and asset substitution. However, under endogenous conversion, CoCos will conversely exacerbate the investment distortion, no mater how much the conversion ratios are.
Incidents and adverse events in enteral feeding tube users: warnings based on a cohort study.

INTRODUCTION few studies clearly describe incidents or adverse events that occur during the enteral nutrition process, which hinders the identification of critical points. OBJECTIVE to describe breaches of protocol, incidents and adverse events, during the period beginning with indications until the use of enteral feeding tube in an Emergency Department. METHODS trained nurses prospectively monitored a cohort of adults in a Brazilian Emergency Department where use of enteral feeding tube was indicated and up to their use. The study sought to identify breaches of protocol, such as verbal orders to insert feeding tubes, or authorization of their use without X-rays to confirm the position of the feeding tubes. Incidents were characterized as events that could have caused harm to patients, while adverse events were those that did actually cause harm. The study was approved by the institution's Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS in 150 feeding tube insertions, there were 169 breaches of protocol: verbal orders for feeding tube insertion (n = 59); no X-rays taken (n = 11); and no examination of the X-rays by physicians (n = 12). There were 30 incidents: unintentional removal of the feeding tube (n = 23); and administration of enteral nutrition after breach of preventive barriers. There was one adverse event: aspiration of enteral nutrition. CONCLUSION there was a high frequency of breaches of safety protocols; many developed into incidents, and one resulted in an adverse event.
NADH Oxidation onto Different Carbon-Based Sensors: Effect of Structure and Surface-Oxygenated Groups

Different carbon-based materials have been compared for the development of NADH sensors: glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and carbon black (CB). The GCE and MWCNT has been subjected to oxidative pretreatment to study the influence of oxidative groups for NADH oxidation. The materials had been characterized by FT-IR to identify the surface composition. The response of bare (GC) and GC/modified electrodes toward potassium ferricyanide have been employed to obtain information about the electroactive area and electron transfer rate. Studies of NAD+/NADH redox behavior showed that MWCNT and GCE exhibit high degree of passivation while CB shows no fouling effects. Catalytic effect of surface-oxygenated groups was also proved for GCE and MWCNT, and both, O-GCE and O-MWCNT, exhibited a lower oxidation overpotential compared to the respective untreated materials. Chronoamperometric quantification showed a linear dependence between 2–18 μmol·L−1 and a detection limits of 6.2 μmol·L−1 (GCE), 5.4 μmol·L−1 (O-GCE), 3.2 μmol·L−1 (GCE/CB), 9.6 μmol·L−1 (GCE/MWCNT), and 4.9 μmol·L−1 (GCE/O-MWCNT) were obtained. The analytical performances suggest that a careful choice of the material for NADH sensing is necessary depending on the sensor application.
The Rise of the Citizen Developer: Assessing the Security Impact of Online App Generators

Mobile apps are increasingly created using online application generators (OAGs) that automate app development, distribution, and maintenance. These tools significantly lower the level of technical skill that is required for app development, which makes them particularly appealing to citizen developers, i.e., developers with little or no software engineering background. However, as the pervasiveness of these tools increases, so does their overall influence on the mobile ecosystem's security, as security lapses by such generators affect thousands of generated apps. The security of such generated apps, as well as their impact on the security of the overall app ecosystem, has not yet been investigated. We present the first comprehensive classification of commonly used OAGs for Android and show how to fingerprint uniquely generated apps to link them back to their generator. We thereby quantify the market penetration of these OAGs based on a corpus of 2,291,898 free Android apps from Google Play and discover that at least 11.1% of these apps were created using OAGs. Using a combination of dynamic, static, and manual analysis, we find that the services' app generation model is based on boilerplate code that is prone to reconfiguration attacks in 7/13 analyzed OAGs. Moreover, we show that this boilerplate code includes well-known security issues such as code injection vulnerabilities and insecure WebViews. Given the tight coupling of generated apps with their services' backends, we further identify security issues in their infrastructure. Due to the blackbox development approach, citizen developers are unaware of these hidden problems that ultimately put the end-users sensitive data and privacy at risk and violate the user's trust assumption. A particular worrisome result of our study is that OAGs indeed have a significant amplification factor for those vulnerabilities, notably harming the health of the overall mobile app ecosystem.
Transmyometrial embryo transfer as a useful method to overcome difficult embryo transfers - a single-center retrospective study

Objective Pregnancy after an embryo transfer depends largely on embryo quality, endometrial receptivity, and the technique used in the embryo transfer. Embryo transfers have been reported as inevitably traumatic and difficult for 5-7% of patients in assisted reproduction treatment. In these cases, transmyometrial embryo transfer should be considered as a suitable method to overcome difficult embryo transfers. The aim of this study was to report our experience with this technique and analyze its causes, results and complications. Methods Since 1993, 39 women (40 cycles of assisted reproductive technology treatment) were submitted to transmyometrial embryo transfers in our center. The procedures were carried out as described by the Towako group. Results The enrolled female patients had a mean age of 34 years and a mean baseline FSH level of 6.89 IU/mL. The median number of retrieved oocytes was 7.50 and a mean of 2.63 embryos were transferred. Implantation rate was 9.5%. With respect to clinical results, pregnancy and miscarriage rates were 25% and 30%, respectively. Since there were two twin pregnancies, the live birth rate was 22.5% (9/40). No major complications were reported. Conclusion Transmyometrial embryo transfer can and should be an option in cases of difficult/impossible transcervical embryo transfer.
Association of p.Val158Met COMT polymorphism with paranoid ideation in drug addicts

Introduction: Drug addiction is one of the most devastating brain disorders, involving the impairment of brain reward pathway. The enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolizes dopamine and influences the reward pathway functioning. COMT activity is influenced by genetic variations, particularly the p.Val158Met (rs4680); the Met/ Met genotype has been associated with a 40% reduction in enzyme activity. The aim of this study was to determine p.Val158Met COMT polymorphism in a Portuguese population of drugs addicts seeking treatment and its association with paranoid ideation.
Program Management Needs of Family and Consumer Sciences Teachers in Idaho

The purpose of the study was to assess Idaho secondary family and consumer sciences (FACS) teachers’ perceptions of importance, competence, and professional development needs related to specific program management competencies. Approximately 60% (n=86) of the state’s FACS teachers completed the online survey. The survey collected demographic data and allowed respondents to rate 24 program management items. Means, standard deviations, and mean weighted discrepancy scores (MWDS) were calculated for data analysis. Among the program management competencies, FACS teachers indicated that developing relationships with fellow teachers and administrators to be of highest importance and felt least competent with conducting an adult program. The MWDS calculation revealed grant writing/funding opportunities, understanding funding sources, and developing public relations as priority areas for program management needs of FACS teachers. Implications for the professional development needs of FACS teachers and future research are discussed.
Olfactory bulb efferents in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

Autoradiographic, HRP, and Fink‐Heimer techniques define olfactory bulb efferents in the channel catfish. The olfactory bulb projects bilaterally to eight targets in the area ventralis telencephali including the preoptic area, five targets in area dorsalis telencephali, and the posterior tuber of the diencephalon. There is additional input to the peripheral margin of the internal cell layer of the contralateral olfactory bulb. Fibers cross in rostral (nervus terminalis and commissure of Goldstein) and caudal components of the anterior commissure and the habenular commissure. HRP techniques reveal the origin of bulb efferents from the internal and mitral cell layers of the olfactory bulb. The olfactory tract is divided into five major components, each with a unique subset of ipsilateral and commissural pathways.
Chronic wounds: advanced wound dressings and antimicrobial dressings

This evidence summary: medicines and prescribing briefing has been developed using the processes described in the integrated process statement for evidence summaries: new medicines. This statement sets out the process NICE uses to select topics for the evidence summaries, and explains how they are developed, quality assured and approved for publication. 'Evidence summary: medicines and prescribing briefings' aim to review the evidence for the clinical effectiveness of medicines within a therapeutic class or indication to provide advice on the relative position of each medicine as a therapeutic option. This will assist localities in their planning on medicines optimisation priorities as well as providing individual prescribers with information to help informed decision making. The strengths and weaknesses of the relevant evidence are critically reviewed to provide useful information, but this evidence summary: medicines and prescribing briefing is not NICE guidance .
Influence of strategy on memorization efficiency

The purpose of this study was to investigate experimentally the effec- tiveness of four memorization strategies: Holistic, Segmented, Serial, and Addi- tive. Forty university wind players memorized a 16-bar exercise using a randomly assigned strategy. Effectiveness was based on how quickly notated music could be encoded (efficiency) and on the number of errors committed made during a delayed performance (stability). The Holistic strategy was significantly more effi- cient than the Segmented and Serial strategies. No difference was found between the strategies on the stability measure. Practising a short, technically simple piece from beginning to end (Holistic strategy) allowed musicians to memorize more efficiently than segmenting the piece.
A review of studies on neuromarketing: practical results, techniques, contributions and limitations

This article surveyed the main neuromarketing techniques used in the world and the practical results obtained. Specifically, the objectives are (1) to identify the main existing definitions of neuromarketing; (2) to identify the importance and the potential contributions of neuromarketing; (3) to demonstrate the advantages of neuromarketing as a marketing research tool compared to traditional research methods; (4) to identify the ethical issues involved with neuromarketing research; (5) to present the main neuromarketing techniques that are being used in the development of marketing research; (6) to present studies in which neuromarketing research techniques were used; and (7) to identify the main limitations of neuromarketing. The results obtained allow an understanding of the ways to develop, store, retrieve and use information about consumers, as well as ways to develop the field of neuromarketing. In addition to offering theoretical support for neuromarketing, this article discusses business cases, implementation and achievements.