Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychopathology and other health dimensions among the offspring of Holocaust survivors: results from the Israel National Health Survey.

BACKGROUND Holocaust survivors show long-lasting psychopathological wounds and scars. The experiences they endured during WWII were thought to impair their parental functioning. A trans-generational transmission of the trauma has been reported by clinicians and by researchers exploring the vulnerability of the adult offspring when facing major stressful events. However, the two previous epidemiological studies conducted so far failed to show enhanced psychopathology when the children of the Holocaust survivors were compared with suitable controls. METHODS In the Israel-component of the World Mental Health Survey offspring of Holocaust survivors were identified (N=430) and compared to offspring of Europe-born parents who did not reside in Nazi-occupied countries (N=417) on several measures of psychopathology and physical health dimensions that have a marked psychological components, and on health and mental health help-seeking practices. RESULTS No statistical differences were elicited between both groups on all those domains. CONCLUSIONS Apparently, Holocaust survivor parents succeeded to spare their children from the untoward consequences of the psychological wounds and scars of their traumatic past. Survivors strived to secure a better and safer life for their children as evidenced by the relatively higher level of education that the offspring of the survivors were able to achieve than the comparison group, although their own educational career was truncated. Also, separations from parents until the end of adolescence of the children did not differ between the two
Composition of human colostrum and milk.

WITH the information available, the obvious approach to the problem of infant feeding is based on the use of human milk when feasible and of formulas simulating it as nearly as possible when for any reason breast milk cannot be made available to an infant. With knowledge of the chemical composition of colostrum and human milk as a pattern, corresponding formulas can be prepared to meet the requirements for growth and development of both premature and full term infants. A report by the Subcommittee of the Committee on Maternal and Child Feeding, of the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council,1which considered the advantages of breast milk as a specific food for infants, the advantages of breast feeding as a technic in child care and the objections and contraindications to breast feeding, stated: As a food, human milk still remains the best type of milk for
Morphological and genetic variation within and among four Quercus petraea and Q. robur natural populations

Numeric-taxonomical and molecular techniques [nuclear simple sequence repeats (nSSRs), expressed sequence tag (EST) SSRs, and chloroplast SSRs] were used to estimate morphological and genetic differentiation within and among 4 Quercus petraea and Q. robur natural populations in Turkey. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that 3 out of 15 studied leaf morphological characters (clustered hairs, number of intercalary veins, petiole length) mainly accounted for the discrimination between species. In accordance with earlier observations, the mean genetic differentiation between Q. petraea and Q. robur at 8 microsatellite loci (FST = 0.030) and at chloroplast microsatellites (GST = 0.22) was low, potentially as the result of interspecific gene flow or shared ancestral polymorphisms. Chloroplast microsatellite analyses showed unique chloroplast haplotypes in Turkey, suggesting a glacial refuge in this region. Nuclear microsatellite ssrQrZAG96, described in other studies as being potentially under directional selection (outlier locus) due to high interspecific differentiation, showed considerably lower differentiation between species in the present study (FST = 0.028). These different patterns of genetic variation suggest different local adaptations of the species in this putative glacial refugial area in Turkey. It may also be that this marker is not directly associated with morphological or adaptive species differences. Interestingly, the analysed Q. petraea and Q. robur populations appear to have ecological requirements with regard to water availability that are different than those described for European populations. The analysis of additional populations within the species distribution range in Turkey is necessary to confirm this pattern.
Teenagers' reasoning about a parent's recent death in cancer

Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was to explore how teenagers reason about a parent's recent death and about their life without that parent. Method: A total of 10 teenagers (aged 14–19 years, 7 boys and 3 girls) were interviewed twice, 3–12 months after their parent's death. The interviews were carried out individually and as free-ranging conversations. A content analysis with a descriptive and interpretive design was conducted. Results: Importantly, all teenagers appreciated participating in the interviews. Some had not previously talked in such depth about this with anyone, while others had more open communications within their families and with others. Their parent's death was the worst thing that could happen, but they still expressed the feeling that it had been a relief for both the ill parent and themselves. The death had relieved the parent from suffering and a life with severe illness. Many of the teenagers empathized with the surviving parent's grief and worried about him or her as well as the entire home situation. As a consequence, the teenagers did not show their grief, as they did not want to burden the grieving parent. Seeing the parent grieving could lead to feelings of loneliness and hopelessness and that the support they needed was not there for them. Nevertheless, some teenagers could grieve together with the surviving parent in common understanding and with openness. Significance of Results: A tentative conclusion is that the teenagers who were more likely to talk and grieve together with their surviving parent coped better with their situation than teenagers who did not. Parentally bereaved teenagers tend to take on a responsibility to support the grieving parent, when it is they themselves who need and should receive support.
Decomposition-Based Interactive Evolutionary Algorithm for Multiple Objective Optimization

We propose a decomposition-based interactive evolutionary algorithm (EA) for multiple objective optimization. During an evolutionary search, a decision maker (DM) is asked to compare pairwise solutions from the current population. Using the Monte Carlo simulation, the proposed algorithm generates from a uniform distribution a set of instances of the preference model compatible with such an indirect preference information. These instances are incorporated as the search directions with the aim of systematically converging a population toward the DMs most preferred region of the Pareto front. The experimental comparison proves that the proposed decomposition-based method outperforms the state-of-the-art interactive counterparts of the dominance-based EAs. We also show that the quality of constructed solutions is highly affected by the form of the incorporated preference model.
PANNUS INVASION INTO CARTILAGE AND BONE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

11 technology). The role of one of the most interesting bone degradative enzymes, cathepsin K, was studied more closely by using a pycnodysostosis arthritis patient as a human cathepsin K “knock-out” arthritis model. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) form a large “neutral” proteolytic enzyme family, which upon release from intracellular to the extracellular space are therefore able to degrade extracellular matrix. We observed significant expression of MMP-3 in pannus tissue, especially when stimulated by IL-1β. It could be one of the key enzymes in RA and is likely to contribute to joint destruction by directly degrading cartilage. In contrast, TNF-α stimulated MMP-1 was hypothesized to be involved in pannus invasion in early RA, both in inflammation and in degradation of extracellular matrix. Both these MMPs activate other proproteinases in complex cascades leading to joint destruction. Interestingly, MMP-13 was not found in traumatic synovium tissue samples, but was expressed in RA. However the increased expression was more prominent in osteoarthritis than RA samples. Bone resorption requires demineralization of bone matrix by osteoclast-derived hydrochlorid acid as the first step. Osteoclasts have naturally been implicated in bone destruction in RA and we showed that pannus fibroblasts express a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) able to stimulate osteoclast differentiation in the bone-pannus junction. The relation between RANKL and its natural inhibitor, a decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), in pannus tissue is imbalanced in favour for osteoclastogenesis. Some proteins of a disintegrin and a metalloproteinase (ADAM) family have been implicated in cell fusion. A recombinant protein of ADAM8 has been shown to be capable to induce osteoclast-like multinuclear cell formation and activity, perhaps by fusion of mononuclear precursor cells via interactions mediated by its disintegrin and/or cysteine-rich domain. We found an increased expression of ADAM8 in the pannus-hard tissue junction. Cathepsin K, a lysosomal acidic cysteine endoproteinase, is secreted outside the cell, especially into acidic environment between osteoclast and bone, where it degrades demineralized bone collagen matrix. However, absence of this important enzyme did not prevent bone degradation as was shown in our pycnodysostosis patient, who also had erosive arthritis, indicating that other enzymes can take over the role of cathepsin K. In this study we explored pannus tissue in RA and its capability to invade into rheumatoid cartilage and bone by stimulating degradative enzymes or proteins, which can stimulate the
Elevated Serum Ferritin and Interleukin-6 Level as the Risk Factor in Preterm Labor

Objective : To investigate the association ofserum ferritin and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) elevation as the risk factors for preterm labor. Method : This study was a case-control study conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient and Emergency Department at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar, Bali in November 2014 until June 2015. The sample selection was done by consecutive sampling with total sample as many as 20 case samples (women with preterm labor) and 20 control samples (women with normal preterm pregnancy). Results : Based on the analysis, there was no significant difference of patient demografic such as age, gestational age, and parity among the two groups. Chi-square analysis showed that the increased serum ferritin level had 5 fold increased risk of developing preterm labor (OR = 4.89, 95% CI = 1.20-19.94; p = 0.022), and increased serum IL-6 level had 9 fold increased risk of developing preterm labor (OR = 9.33, 95% CI = 2.18-39.96; p = 0.001) compared to normal preterm pregnancy. Conclusion : It can be concluded that level of IL-6 and serum ferritin was the risk factor for preterm labor. Keywords: Interleukin-6, preterm labor, serum ferritin Abstrak Tujuan :Untuk membuktikan hubungan kadar ferritin dan Interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum yang tinggi sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya persalinan preterm. Metode :Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan studi case-control yang dilakukan di Poliklinik dan IRD Kebidanan dan Penyakit Kandungan RSUP Sanglah Denpasar, yang dilakukan mulai bulan November 2014 hingga Juni 2015. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan cara berurutan dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 20 sampel kasus (ibu dengan persalinan preterm) dan 20 sampel kontrol (ibu hamil preterm normal). Hasil :Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna dari demografik pasien yaitu usia, umur kehamilan, dan paritas pada kedua kelompok. Analisa chi-square menunjukkan peningkatan kadar ferritin serum memiliki peningkatan risiko 5 kali terjadinya persalinan preterm (OR = 4,90, IK 95% = 1,20-19,94; p = 0,022), dan peningkatan kadar IL-6 serum memiliki peningkatan risiko 9 kali terjadinya persalinan preterm (OR = 9,33, IK 95% = 2,18-39,96; p = 0,001) dibandingkan dengan kelompok ibu hamil preterm normal. Kesimpulan : Kadar feritin dan IL-6 serum adalah faktor risiko terjadinya persalinan preterm. Kata kunci: Interleukin-6, persalinan preterm, ferritin serum
Dopant-Segregated Schottky Source/Drain FinFET With a NiSi FUSI Gate and Reduced Leakage Current

Enhanced Dopant-segregated Schottky-barrier (DSSB) FinFETs combined with a fully silicided (FUSI) gate were fabricated via single-step Ni-silicidation. Both workfunction control of the gate and a lowered effective SB-height in the source/drain junctions are simultaneously achieved by the dopant-segregated silicidation process. Moreover, the leakage current was significantly reduced with the aid of deep source/drain implantation. Therefore, it can be expected that a DSSB device with a FUSI gate have several advantages as both a logic and nonvolatile memory device. First, for a logic device, it can provide low parasitic resistance and a tunable threshold voltage. Second, for a nonvolatile memory device, the increased workfunction due to the FUSI gate can enhance the erasing characteristics by suppressing the back tunneling of electrons from the gate side as well as the programming characteristics.
Windowing Design and Performance Assessment for Mitigation of Spectrum Leakage

This paper investigates the windowing design and performance assessment for mitigation of spectral leakage. A pretreatment method to reduce the spectral leakage is developed. In addition to selecting appropriate window functions, the Welch method is introduced. Windowing is implemented by multiplying the input signal with a windowing function. The periodogram technique based on Welch method is capable of providing good resolution if data length samples are selected optimally. Windowing amplitude modulates the input signal so that the spectral leakage is evened out. Thus, windowing reduces the amplitude of the samples at the beginning and end of the window, altering leakage. The influence of various window functions on the Fourier transform spectrum of the signals was discussed, and the characteristics and functions of various window functions were explained. In addition, we compared the differences in the influence of different data lengths on spectral resolution and noise levels caused by the traditional power spectrum estimation and various window-function-based Welch power spectrum estimations.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES OF EVAPORATION OF A SESSILE WATER DROP ON A HEATED CONDUCTIVE SUBSTRATE

Experimental and theoretical studies of evaporating droplets of relatively large volume are conducted. Two numerical models are presented and their predictions are discussed in detail. Experiments on droplet evaporation on two substrates of the same chemical composition but different degrees of roughness, produced by spray Teflon and spin Teflon on glass, were conducted with the objective of understanding the effect of roughness and contact angle hysteresis. The influence of the substrate temperature was investigated, showing much faster evaporation for higher temperatures. Droplets under similar conditions were then studied on a more thermally conductive stainless steel substrate, such that the effects of substrate conductivity could be investigated.
Atomic Interfacial Structures in Fe/GaAs Films

We discuss the effect of the atomic interfacial structure on the Schottky barrier height in Fe/GaAs films. HRTEM image simulations, produced using the microscopy software JEMS, were used to predict the interfacial structure of Fe/GaAs thin films. Comparisons between experimental images, obtained using a JEOL FS2200 microscope, and the image simulations show the interfaces to contain various structures. This leads to regions with different barrier properties giving a distribution of barrier heights. This would create preferential regions for tunnelling across the film which would dominate device characteristics.
Studies in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Hakelius, M. 2014. Interactions between Malignant Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts. Studies in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 990. 48 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-8926-7. Carcinoma growth requires a supportive tumor stroma. The concept of reciprocal interactions between tumor and stromal cells has become widely acknowledged and the connective tissue activation seen in the malignant process has been likened to that of a healing wound. Little is, however, known about the specific characteristics of these interactions, distinguishing them from the interplay occurring between epithelial and stromal cells in wound healing. In order to study differences in the humoral effects of malignant and benign epithelial cells on fibroblasts, we used an in vitro coculture model with human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC) or normal oral keratinocytes (NOK) on one side of a semi-permeable membrane and fibroblasts seeded in gels on the other. Pro-collagens α1(I) and α1(III) were more downregulated in NOK cocultures compared to SCC cocultures. IL-1α was identified as a major keratinocyte-derived soluble factor behind the effects observed. We concluded that SCC are less antifibrotic compared to NOK. There was also a differential expression among enzymes involved in ECM turnover. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were both upregulated by NOK, but not by SCC. Here, rIL-1ra caused further upregulation of PAI-1. Global gene expression in fibroblasts was assessed using AffymetrixTM arrays. In total, 82 transcripts were considered differentially expressed; 52 were upand 30 were downregulated in SCC compared to NOK cocultures. Among the differentially expressed genes there was an enrichment of genes related to collagens and to a nonspecific, innate-type response. The innate response marker pentraxin (PTX3) was upregulated by keratinocyte-derrived IL-1α in both NOK and SCC cocultures. We observed a considerably higher IL-1α / IL-1ra quotient in SCC cocultures, however, while PTX3 mRNA upregulation was higher in SCC cocultures, there was no difference in the level of PTX3 secreted protein. Taken together, we concluded that NOK and SCC regulate genes important for ECM composition and for the innate immune-response differentially. IL-1α was identified as one important mediator of the observed effects. In general, SCC appeared to be more profibrotic in their effects on fibroblasts.
HLA-B27 subtypes in Croatian patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

A total of 119 unrealted B27+ AS patients and 165 B27+ healthy controls were included in this study. For all individuals HLA genotyping was performed using segregation data of parental haplotypes. The AS patients were clinically diagnosed according to the New York criteria of 1986. HLA-A and -B typing was performed using the standard MLCT test on local trays. PCR-SSP typing for the B-27 subtypes was performed using Dynal HLA-B27 high resolution kit. Present study did not demonstarte any of B27 alleles as susceptible or protective genetic marker for AS in the Croatian population and it fits into the frame of the oldness of the association between AS and B27. AS appears to be older than the origin of the B27 subtypes.
Life Cycle of the pseudocolonial dinoflagellate Polykrikos kofoidii (Gymnodiniales, Dinoflagellata)

The athecate, pseudocolonial polykrikoid dinoflag‐ellates show a greater morphological complexity than many other dinoflagellate cells and contain not only elaborate extrusomes but sulci, cinguli, flagellar pairs, and nuclei in multiple copies. Among polykrikoids, Polykrikos kofoidii is a common species that plays an important role as a grazer of toxic planktonic algae but whose life cycle is poorly known. In this study, the main life cycle stages of P. kofoidii were examined and documented for the first time. The formation of gametes, 2‐zooid‐1‐nucleus stages very different from vegetative cells, was observed and the process of gamete fusion, isogamy, was recorded. Karyogamy followed shortly after completed plasmogamy. A complex reorganization of furrows (cinguli and sulci) and flagella followed zygote formation, resulting in a 4‐zooid zygote with one nucleus. The fate of zygotes under different nutritional conditions was also investigated; well‐fed zygotes were able to reenter the vegetative cycle via meiotic divisions as indicated by nuclear cyclosis. However, nuclear cyclosis was preceded by a presumably mitotic division of the primary zygote nucleus which by definition would imply that P. kofoidii has a diplohaplontic life cycle. Nuclear cyclosis in germlings hatched from spiny resting cysts indicate that these cysts are of zygote origin (hypnozygotes). Hypnozygote formation, cyst hatching, the morphology of the germling (a 1‐zooid cell), and its development into a normal pseudocolony are documented here for the first time. There is evidence that P. kofoidii has a system of complex heterothallism.
Activities of new quinoline derivatives against genital pathogens

The in vitro activities of four quinoline carboxylic acids against 48 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 10 of Chlamydia trachomatis, and 32 of Ureaplasma urealyticum were compared. Ciprofloxacin was the most active against N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis but had poor bactericidal activity against U. urealyticum, whereas ofloxacin showed the most bactericidal activity against U. urealyticum but was less active than ciprofloxacin against the two former pathogens. Norfloxacin and enoxacin were less active against all the studied pathogens.
Benchmarking Super-Resolution Algorithms on Real Data

Over the past decades, various super-resolution (SR) techniques have been developed to enhance the spatial resolution of digital images. Despite the great number of methodical contributions, there is still a lack of comparative validations of SR under practical conditions, as capturing real ground truth data is a challenging task. Therefore, current studies are either evaluated 1) on simulated data or 2) on real data without a pixel-wise ground truth. To facilitate comprehensive studies, this paper introduces the publicly available Super-Resolution Erlangen (SupER) database that includes real low-resolution images along with high-resolution ground truth data. Our database comprises image sequences with more than 20k images captured from 14 scenes under various types of motions and photometric conditions. The datasets cover four spatial resolution levels using camera hardware binning. With this database, we benchmark 15 single-image and multi-frame SR algorithms. Our experiments quantitatively analyze SR accuracy and robustness under realistic conditions including independent object and camera motion or photometric variations.
Sustained response to interferon‐α plus ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C is closely associated with increased dynamism of intrahepatic natural killer and natural killer T cells

Aim: Previous studies have revealed that functional impairment of innate immune cells, including natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells, might be associated with the persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the involvement of innate immune cells, which predominate in the liver, in therapeutic HCV clearance is still unclear.