Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cesarean section scar dehiscence during pregnancy: Case reports

Background: The incidence of cesarean section increased worldwide with subsequent increase in the risk of cesarean section scar dehiscence (CSSD). The clinical significance and the management of the CSSD are still unclear. Case Reports: Here, we report two cases of CSSD. A 35-year-old woman, gravida 2, previous CS, due to preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and breech presentation at 30 weeks, was admitted for elective CS at 38+3d weeks’ gestation. During the second elective CS, it was seen that the site of the previous CS scar was very thin along its whole length and the anterior uterine wall was completely deficient, leaving visible bulging fetal membranes and moving baby underneath. A 32-year-old woman, previous three CSs, was admitted as unbooked case without any antenatal records at 29+4d weeks’ gestation, triplet pregnancy with preterm labor. She received betamethasone and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) for fetal lung and fetal brain protection, respectively, followed by emergency CS. During the CS, the previous CSs scars were dehiscent over more than half of its length and the anterior uterine wall was missing leaving visible fetal membranes. The uterine incision of the studied women was repaired in two layers using vicryl 0 interrupted simple stitches for the first layer, followed by interrupted mattress stitches for the second layer. The studied women had uneventful postoperative recovery and were discharged from the hospital after counseling regarding intraoperative findings, uterine incisions repair, and future pregnancies. Conclusion: It is useful to assess the lower uterine segment of women with previous CS using the available ultrasound facilities. If the CSSD is diagnosed before the elective CS, the surgeon should prepare himself with the safest uterine incision with least possible complications and the best way of repair of the defective or dehiscent uterine wall.
Mapping the teaching of aquatic animal veterinary medicine in the European Union and European Free Trade Area

Aquatic animal production is the fastest growing food sector globally. Aquaculture and fisheries are very dynamic sectors in the EU and the number of ornamental aquarium pets is increasing. Veterinarians have a fundamental role to play by ensuring health and welfare of aquatic species, productivity and profitability of fish farming, public health and ecosystem conservation. This study investigates how the undergraduate curriculum prepares future veterinarians for such roles by analysing data from the 77 European veterinary education establishments based in EU and the European Free Trade Area. Over 95 per cent of these establishments incorporate teaching in aquatic animal veterinary medicine in their curriculum, while the great majority do so within the core curriculum. Almost half of the establishments provide teaching in aquatic animal veterinary medicine as separate subjects. Many establishments (>40 per cent) provide such training as elective option in their undergraduate curricula or as postgraduate opportunities to enhance Day One Competences. The veterinary education establishments integrating adequately aquatic animal veterinary medicine in their curriculum are evenly distributed in all regions of Europe. Veterinarians are trained and empowered by legislation to assess health of aquatic animals, to diagnose, to prescribe medicines, to notify for diseases and to ensure safe food for the consumers. Veterinary education establishments should encourage training of veterinarians to follow a career in aquatic animal veterinary medicine.
Community-based rehabilitation for physically impaired earthquake victims: An evidence-based practice protocol and its pre–post experimental study

Background: A natural disaster like earthquake is a sudden event that causes not only the loss of life but also mental, emotional, and physical disabilities. An earthquake of 7.8 magnitudes hit Nepal and injured more than 18,500 people in 2015. There was a critical need to develop rehabilitation protocols. Therefore, we aimed to structure community-based rehabilitation protocols for physically impaired earthquake victims and to investigate immediate effect of the intervention to address disability and reduce public health burden. Materials and Methods: Evidence-based rehabilitation protocols for various injuries were structured to address the victims’ impairments and activity limitations. The protocols were administered to 13 victims of one of the most affected community sites, for 60 min/day, 12 days in 2 weeks at their own doors. Local resources were used to make the protocols sustainable. An immediate effect of the protocols was evaluated within the group. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, numerical pain rating scale, and time up and go (TUG) test were used to measure disability level, pain, and mobility status, respectively. Wilcoxon's signed rank test was used to analyze pre–post data. Results: All participants completed the rehabilitation without adverse effects. The treatment demonstrated significant reduction in disability level (P < 0.001, effect size = 0.63) and pain level (P = 0.007). However, change with TUG was not significant. Conclusion: The evidence-based, structured community rehabilitation protocols demonstrated benefits in improving the victim's quality of life. Follow-ups will be continued to explore sustainability and long-term effects of the interventions.
Onychocamptus Daday, 1903 from Thailand, with descriptions of two new species and two new records (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontidae)

Abstract In this paper, two new species of Onychocamptus Daday, 1903 are described from Thailand: Onychocamptussatunensissp. n. and Onychocamptustratensissp. n. The following features mainly distinguish O.satunensissp. n. from known species: internal sausage-like and internal rounded structures on cephalothorax and one outer seta on the male P5 exopod that is as long as the supporting segment. In contrast, the cephalothorax of O.tratensissp. n. is smooth but has rounded integumental window-like structures, and the outer seta on the male P5 exopod is two times as long as the supporting segment. Onychocamptusanomalus shows the highest similarity with the two new species, but in contrast to both Thai species, it has only one seta on the exopod of the antenna. In addition, in the present study, two additional species, O.bengalensis and O.vitiospinulosa, are newly recorded in Thailand. Thus, the number of Onychocamptus species recorded in Thailand increases to five species. A key to all known species of this genus in the world is also proposed.
Vitamin D status among women aged 40 years and above in a rural area of West Bengal: A community-based study

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a recognized pandemic. Even in a tropical country like India, where there is plentiful sunshine, vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent. Adult females, particularly those above the age of 40, are mostly affected because vitamin D determines the pattern of post-menopausal bone loss and age-related osteoporosis. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April–December 2017 among 194 women aged 40 years and above residing in the village of Singur, West Bengal. For this study, multistage random sampling method was used. Each respondent was interviewed using a structured schedule to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary pattern, their daily sun exposure, tobacco use, and morbidity profile. Individuals with 25OH vitamin D <30ng/ml were said to have vitamin D insufficiency (VDI). Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Out of 194 participants, 70.6% had VDI (Vitamin D deficient-19.6%, Vitamin D insufficient-51.0%). Mean (SD) age of the participant was 56.9 (8.9) years. Mean (SD) duration of daily sun exposure was 138.5 (59.2) minutes. 74 (38.1%) had overweight/obesity. Only 73 (37.6%) had adequate diet. Test results revealed low SES, decreasing duration of daily sun exposure, diabetes, overweight/obesity, and inadequate diet as significant predictors of VDI, explaining 39.3% of the variance with model fit. Conclusion: The study has identified factors associated with VDI among the study participants. Emphasis on promoting consumption of vitamin D rich food and with vitamin D supplements, outdoor activities to increase sun exposure, maintaining optimum body weight, and strictly adhering to diabetes control will help alleviate the problem at large.
miR-200c/141 Regulates Breast Cancer Stem Cell Heterogeneity via Targeting HIPK1/β-Catenin Axis

Increasing evidence demonstrates the existence of two inter-convertible states of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) with distinct behaviors in proliferation and mobility, and the BCSC heterogeneity is accurately regulated by sophisticated mechanisms including microRNAs. The microRNA-200 family including miR-200c/141 cluster was reported to affect cancer cell invasion and metastasis by regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the effect of miR-200 family on BCSC heterogeneity is uncertain. Thus, we investigated whether the miR-200c/141 cluster had different effects on breast tumor growth and metastasis by switching the two states of BCSC. Methods: The spontaneous mammary tumor mouse model with miR-200c/141 conditional knockout was utilized for analyzing the role of miR-200c/141 cluster in vivo. The effect of miR-200c/141 cluster on BCSCs was performed by CD24/CD29 staining and ALDEFLUOR assay. miR-200c/141 target expression and EMT-related marker expression were verified in tumor sections, primary cells and breast cancer cell lines by qRT-PCR or western blotting. Statistical analysis was determined using two-way ANOVA and Student's t-test. All values were presented as the mean ± s.e. m. Results: The deletion of miR-200c/141 cluster regulated BCSC heterogeneity and promoted the EMT-like BCSC generation, which resulted in increased tumor metastasis and inhibited tumor growth by directly upregulating the target gene homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 (HIPK1) and sequential β-catenin activation. Conclusions: Our results indicated that miR-200c/141 played biphasic roles in breast tumor progression via affecting the BCSC heterogeneity, suggesting targeting BCSC heterogeneity to simultaneously restrict breast cancer initiation and metastasis could be a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
Temporally specific engagement of distinct neuronal circuits regulating olfactory habituation in Drosophila

Habituation is the process that enables salience filtering, precipitating perceptual changes that alter the value of environmental stimuli. To discern the neuronal circuits underlying habituation to brief inconsequential stimuli, we developed a novel olfactory habituation paradigm, identifying two distinct phases of the response that engage distinct neuronal circuits. Responsiveness to the continuous odor stimulus is maintained initially, a phase we term habituation latency and requires Rutabaga Adenylyl-Cyclase-depended neurotransmission from GABAergic Antennal Lobe Interneurons and activation of excitatory Projection Neurons (PNs) and the Mushroom Bodies. In contrast, habituation depends on the inhibitory PNs of the middle Antenno-Cerebral Track, requires inner Antenno-Cerebral Track PN activation and defines a temporally distinct phase. Collectively, our data support the involvement of Lateral Horn excitatory and inhibitory stimulation in habituation. These results provide essential cellular substrates for future analyses of the molecular mechanisms that govern the duration and transition between these distinct temporal habituation phases. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Prevalence and associated risk factors of female sexual dysfunction among Jordanian women

Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and the associated risk factors are less studied in the Middle East. This study is designed to determine the prevalence of FSD and its associated risk factors in Jordan. Materials and Methods: A group of women were interviewed using detailed questionnaire on several aspects of FSD including desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain disorders. They underwent sociodemographic investigation. Prevalence and risk factors of FSD are calculated in different age groups. Results: A total of 470 women aged 32.6 ± 9.6 years are included in this study. Desire problems were detected in 49.4% (232/470) of the studied women, while an arousal problem in 31.9% (150/470) and lubrication problem in 39.2% (184/470). An orgasm problem was detected in 39.57% (186/470) of the studied women, while satisfaction problem was detected in 43.82% (206/470) and pain problem during sexual relation in 19.2% (90/470). There was positive significant correlation between each domain of the FSD and the studied women's age except pain. FSD was found to be significant in women with more than four children (83.3%, P < 0.02), those who had been married for more than 10 years (76.7%, P < 0.02), in women with chronic medical diseases (76.7%, P < 0.02), in unemployed women (76.7%, P < 0.02), and in women not using contraception (75.2%, P < 0.005). There was no significant correlation with the level of education (P < 0.34) and monthly income (P < 0.24). Conclusion: The prevalence of FSD in Jordan is about 64.7%, the desire disorders are the most prevalent domain of FSD, and age is the most significant risk factor for FSD. Further research is needed with larger and more comprehensive sample to estimate the magnitude of FSD and to confirm its relationship with different risk factors.
Modulation of double-stranded RNA pattern recognition receptor signaling in ovarian cancer cells promotes inflammatory queues

Inflammation and cancer are inter-related, and both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects are possible in different contexts, highlighting the importance of characterizing specific inflammatory pathways in distinct tumor types. Malignant cells and non-cancerous cells such as fibroblasts, infiltrating leukocytes (i.e., dendritic cells [DC], macrophages, or lymphocytes) and endothelial cells, in combination with the extracellular matrix, constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the last decades, the role of the TME in cancer progression has gained increased attention and efforts directed at abrogating its deleterious effects on anti-cancer therapies have been ongoing. In this context, we investigated the potential of mouse and human ovarian cancer cells to produce inflammatory factors in response to pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) signaling, which might help to shape the biology of the TME. We determined that mouse ovarian tumors generate chemokines that are able to interact with receptors harbored by tumor-associated DCs. We also found that dsRNA triggers significant pro-inflammatory cytokine up-regulation in both human and mouse ovarian tumor cell lines, and that several PRR can simultaneously contribute to the stimulated inflammatory response displayed by these cells. Thus, dsRNA-activated PRRs may not only constitute potentially relevant drug targets for therapies aiming to prevent inflammation associated with leukocyte recruitment, or as co-adjuvants of therapeutic treatments, but also might have a role in development of nascent tumors, for example via activation of cancer cells by microbial molecules associated to pathogens, or with those appearing in circulation due to dysbiosis.
Influenza-associated hospitalisation, vaccine uptake and socioeconomic deprivation in an English city region: an ecological study

Objectives Every year, influenza poses a significant burden on the National Health Service in England. Influenza vaccination is an effective measure to prevent severe disease, hence, maximising vaccine coverage in the most vulnerable is a priority. We aimed to identify the extent to which socioeconomic status is associated with influenza-associated illness (IAI) and influenza vaccine coverage. Design Retrospective observational study using hospital episode statistics. Setting Merseyside, North-West of England, including the city of Liverpool. Participants Residents of Merseyside hospitalised with IAI between April 2004 and March 2016, and Merseyside general practice registered patients eligible for influenza vaccination in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 influenza seasons. Exposures Socioeconomic deprivation based on lower super output area English Indices of Deprivation scores. Primary and secondary outcome measures Incidence and risk of IAI hospitalisation, and vaccine uptake. Results There were 89 058 hospitalisations related to IAI among Merseyside residents (mean yearly rate=4.9 per 1000 population). Hospitalisations for IAI were more frequent in the most socioeconomically deprived areas compared with the least deprived in adults aged 15–39 years (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.08;95% CI 1.76 to 2.45; p<0.001), 60–64 years (IRR 2.65; 95% CI 2.35 to 2.99; p<0.001) and 65+ years (IRR 1.90; 95% CI 1.73 to 2.10; p<0.001), whereas rates in children were more homogeneous across deprivation strata. Vaccine uptake was lower than the nationally set targets in most neighbourhoods. The odds of vaccine uptake were 30% lower (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.74; p<0.001) and 10% lower (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.92; p<0.001) in the most socioeconomically deprived quintile compared with the least deprived, among children aged 24–59 months and 65+ years, respectively. Conclusions Higher rates of IAI hospitalisations and lower vaccine uptake in the most socioeconomically deprived populations suggest that health promotion policies and interventions that target these populations should be a priority.
Peripheral nerve transfers change target muscle structure and function

Surgical nerve transfers lead to superior regeneration and specific muscular changes for potentially improved prosthesis control. Selective nerve transfers surgically rewire motor neurons and are used in extremity reconstruction to restore muscle function or to facilitate intuitive prosthetic control. We investigated the neurophysiological effects of rewiring motor axons originating from spinal motor neuron pools into target muscles with lower innervation ratio in a rat model. Following reinnervation, the target muscle’s force regenerated almost completely, with the motor unit population increasing to 116% in functional and 172% in histological assessments with subsequently smaller muscle units. Muscle fiber type populations transformed into the donor nerve’s original muscles. We thus demonstrate that axons of alternative spinal origin can hyper-reinnervate target muscles without loss of muscle force regeneration, but with a donor-specific shift in muscle fiber type. These results explain the excellent clinical outcomes following nerve transfers in neuromuscular reconstruction. They indicate that reinnervated muscles can provide an accurate bioscreen to display neural information of lost body parts for high-fidelity prosthetic control.
Selecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation: incorporating tumor biology criteria

Liver transplantation (LT) is the optimal therapeutic option for patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Due to universal donor shortage, only the patients with limited tumor burden (under the so-called Milan criteria) are considered as potential candidates for LT in most institutions. It is expected that in the near future, more liver grafts will be available for patients with HCC due to the implementation of new direct antivirals against hepatitis C, leaving a prone scenario to consider expanding Milan criteria. A moderate expansion of Milan criteria could be implemented without increasing the risk of tumor recurrence if patients with favorable biological behavior are carefully selected. Incorporating information regarding tumor biology in the decision-making algorithm would result in a more rational use of LT in patients with HCC. In the present review, surrogate markers of tumor biology are critically evaluated as potential tools to be combined with existing radiological criteria. In addition, the current state of liquid biopsy is discussed, as this cutting-edge technology may reshape the management of HCC in the upcoming years.
MRGPR-mediated activation of local mast cells clears cutaneous bacterial infection and protects against reinfection

Selective activation of local mast cells promotes healing of bacterial skin infections and protects against reinfection. Mast cells (MCs) are strategically distributed at barrier sites and prestore various immunocyte-recruiting cytokines, making them ideal targets for selective activation to treat peripheral infections. Here, we report that topical treatment with mastoparan, a peptide MC activator (MCA), enhances clearance of Staphylococcus aureus from infected mouse skins and accelerates healing of dermonecrotic lesions. Mastoparan functions by activating connective tissue MCs (CTMCs) via the MRGPRX2 (Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member X2) receptor. Peripheral CTMC activation, in turn, enhances recruitment of bacteria-clearing neutrophils and wound-healing CD301b+ dendritic cells. Consistent with MCs playing a master coordinating role, MC activation also augmented migration of various antigen-presenting dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes, leading to stronger protection against a second infection challenge. MCAs therefore orchestrate both the innate and adaptive immune arms, which could potentially be applied to combat peripheral infections by a broad range of pathogens.
Biochemical and growth responses of silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) to sodium chloride and calcium chloride

The present research investigated the response of silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) to salt treatment. The short- and long-term effects of NaCl and CaCl2 treatments on plant fitness characteristics (growth parameters, leaf chlorophyll content) and biochemical stress-coping mechanisms (proline accumulation as well as enzymatic activities) were examined. We found that the silver maple response to salt stress strictly depended on salt type and dose—calcium chloride was less toxic than sodium chloride, but high concentrations of both salts negatively influenced plant growth. The accumulation of proline, slight changes in the activity of superoxide dismutase and marked changes in catalase and peroxidase activities in the roots and leaves indicated complexity of the plant response. It was also shown that after one year, enzymatic parameters were restabilized, which indicates plant recovery, but the reduced mass of seedlings suggests that one year is not enough to cope with the prolonged cyclic salt stress, both resulting from NaCl and CaCl2 application. Therefore, seedlings of silver maple should be considered as moderately susceptible to salinity. Hence, it is recommended to use silver maple on non-de-iced urban areas, while planting on often de-iced roads should be avoided.