Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A method for sampling the stages of amelogenesis on mandibular rat incisors using the molars as a reference for dissection

A method for locating specific stages of amelogenesis on continuously erupting incisors was devised for rats weighing 101 ± 5 g (n = 32). The technique is based on reflecting reference lines from the mandibular molars as perpendiculars to the labial surface of mandibular incisors. From these reference lines additional measurements are then made along the midline of the labial surface of the incisor in an apical or incisal direction of find the site desired for sampling. Histological studies on 24 decalcified incisors split into segments by using such reference lines and reconstructed by morphometry indicated that a reference line reflected from the contact point between the 2nd and 3rd molars crossed the enamel organ and adjacent enamel at 3,181 ± 329 μm incisal to the start of the secretory zone of amelogenesis. A reference line from the 2nd and 1st molars crossed the enamel organ and enamel at 1,238 ± 424 μm incisal to the start of the maturation zone of amelogenesis, while a reference line from the mesial side of the 1st molar crossed the enamel organ and enamel almost exactly where the enamel becomes completely soluble following prolonged decalcification in EDTA. Although reference lines were reproducible within a group of male rats having similar body weights, the linear distance between the apical end of the incisor and the point at which they crossed the tooth increased at a rate of 1 mm per 159 g for rats between 50 and 300 g body weight. This suggests that molars do not maintain a fixed relationship to incisors over time, and extreme care must be taken to standardize an experiment to a specific body weight when using this method.
Two-Zone Model Application to Breathing Zone and Area Welding Fume Concentration Data

This study assessed a professional pipefitter/welder performing shielded metal arc welding on carbon steel under field conditions. The resulting breathing zone (near field) and area (far field) welding fume concentration data were applied to the two-zone model for the purpose of determining field-derived personal exposure emission (generation) rates during actual welding work. The study is unique in that one welder was evaluated under high production conditions for 2 days at two different welding locations: a boiler room and a breezeway. Samples were collected and analyzed for total particulate following NIOSH Method 0500 and for select metals following NIOSH Method 7300. Breezeway average personal breathing zone sample total particulate concentrations ranged from 2.89 mg/m3 to 4.38 mg/m(3), Fe concentrations ranged from 0.53 to 0.63 mg/m3, and Mn concentrations ranged from 0.10 to 0.12 mg/m3. The boiler room average personal breathing zone sample total particulate concentrations ranged from 4.73 mg/m3 to 5.90 mg/m3, Fe concentrations ranged from 0.48 to 0.85 mg/m3, and Mn concentrations ranged from 0.06 to 0.16 mg/m3. Average arc times ranged from 20 to 25% of the total sampling time. Both tracer gas and anemometer techniques were used to estimate ventilation of the boiler room. The steady-state form of the two-zone model was applied to long-term and short-term sample total particulate, Fe, and Mn concentrations obtained during welding in the boiler room and breezeway. The average generation rate in the boiler room was 39.2 mg/min for TP, 6.4 mg/min for Fe, and 1.3 mg/min for Mn. The average generation rate in the breezeway was 40.0 mg/min for TP, 6.6 mg/min for Fe, and 1.2 mg/min for Mn. The field-based generation rates were considerably lower than laboratory-derived published emission rates of between 280 and 650 mg/min for TP. This study emphasizes the need for field-derived welding fume generation rates and showed the personal breathing zone and area sample concentrations can be described by the two-zone model in a way that may help the industrial hygienist estimate exposures. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene for the following free supplemental resource: Tables detailing the personal breathing zone and average area sample results for breezeway welding and boiler room welding, two-zone modeling results, and boiler room welding personal breathing zone and area sample results with mixing fans on. ]
Lethal Midline Granuloma-Nasal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma

Purpose:The purpose of this paper is to discuss lethal midline granuloma (LMG)-nasal natural killer (NK) T-cell lymphoma (LMG-NTL). Methods:Literature review. Results:LMG is a rare entity that usually arises in the nasal cavity, exhibits a male preponderance, and has a wide age range. The majority of LMGs are LMG-NTLs. The optimal treatment of LMG-NTL is unclear and is most likely moderate-dose radiotherapy. The prognosis for patients with LMG-NTL is significantly worse than for patients with other types of head and neck non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The 5-year survival rate is approximately 20% but may be higher, depending on whether patients with less aggressive forms of NHL are included. Initial local-regional disease progression is the predominant pattern of treatment failure. Late failures after 5 years are uncommon. Conclusions:LMG-NTL is a rare nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma that can be difficult to distinguish from other benign and malignant entities. Its clinical course, however, is extremely aggressive. The patterns of failure suggest a role for more aggressive local-regional treatment, as well as more effective chemotherapy.
Identification of opinion leader on rumor spreading in online social network Twitter using edge weighting and centrality measure weighting

Rumor spreading has been an essential issue for society. One of the platforms for rumor spreading is Twitter. Finding the opinion leader of its issue is also important in order to know who are users whom have a high impact of bringing the issue. So we can give the suggestion to the law authority to give the right authorization afterward. Opinion leader can be found using centrality measure metric on social network analysis study. This study has node and edge as its property. For recent years, there are many conducted researches about centrality measure. Some of them are combining some centrality measures together. Aside from defining the centrality measure, defining the edge is also important. Twitter has a different kind of relationships that can be turned into an edge, but not all the relationships have the same impact for spreading the rumor. This study conduct two experiments, first experiment is edge weighting. This experiment is aimed to see the importance of each defined edge type for finding the opinion leader. The second experiment is centrality weighting. This experiment is aimed to see the weight that could give more accurate opinion leader based on other evaluation algorithms. The study found the edge that has the ability to spread to wider audience (quote, retweet, and reply) tend to have a bigger impact for finding opinion leader than mention relationship. The study also finds that a low in-degree weight, high betweenness weight, and low or no PageRank weight could give 100% agreement upon other evaluation algorithms for finding the opinion leader.
Genetic Diversity of Picocyanobacteria in Tibetan Lakes: Assessing the Endemic and Universal Distributions

ABSTRACT The phylogenetic diversity of picocyanobacteria in seven alkaline lakes on the Tibetan Plateau was analyzed using the molecular marker 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer sequence. A total of 1,077 environmental sequences retrieved from the seven lakes were grouped into seven picocyanobacterial clusters, with two clusters newly described here. Each of the lakes was dominated by only one or two clusters, while different lakes could have disparate communities, suggesting low alpha diversity but high beta diversity of picocyanobacteria in these high-altitude freshwater and saline lakes. Several globally distributed clusters were found in these Tibetan lakes, such as subalpine cluster I and the Cyanobium gracile cluster. Although other clusters likely exhibit geographic restriction to the plateau temporally, reflecting endemicity, they can indeed be distributed widely on the plateau. Lakes with similar salinities may have similar genetic populations despite a large geographic distance. Canonical correspondence analysis identified salinity as the only environmental factor that may in part explain the diversity variations among lakes. Mantel tests suggested that the community similarities among lakes are independent of geographic distance. A portion of the picocyanobacterial clusters appear to be restricted to a narrow salinity range, while others are likely adapted to a broad range. A seasonal survey of Lake Namucuo across 3 years did not show season-related variations in diversity, and depth-related population partitioning was observed along a vertical profile of the lake. Our study emphasizes the high dispersive potential of picocyanobacteria and suggests that the regional distribution may result from adaptation to specified environments.
Sorption of sulfuryl fluoride by food commodities.

BACKGROUND The use of sulfuryl fluoride, a structural fumigant for termite and woodborer control, has recently been expanded to treating stored food commodities and food facilities. There is, however, a lack of data on the sorption of sulfuryl fluoride by food commodities. Knowledge about sorption is important in the context of effective treatment and residues. RESULTS When sulfuryl fluoride was applied at a dose of 50 g m(-3) to various food commodities (total 68) with 300 g per replicate in 0.75 L gas wash bottles (fumigation chambers) at 25 +/- 1 degrees C, in most cases (81%) the gas concentrations in the free space of the commodities exceeded 50 g m(-3) (range 51-80 g m(-3)) at the end of 24 h exposure. In chambers without the substrate, an average concentration of 49.7 g m(-3) was recorded. About 54% of the commodities showed low-level ( < or = 25%) sorption of sulfuryl fluoride, 34% showed medium-level (26-50%) sorption and only 12% were highly sorptive (>50%). The latter include white oats (terminal gas concentration 17.8 g m(-3)), some of the decorticated split pulses (24.0-29.3 g m(-3)), chickpea flour (26.3 g m(-3)), dried ginger (29.0 g m(-3)), refined wheat flour (30.3 g m(-3)) and coriander powder (40.5 g m(-3)). In unfumigated control commodities, owing to interfering volatiles, Fumiscope readings in the range 0-13 were noted. CONCLUSION Sulfuryl fluoride has the advantage of a low or moderate level of sorption with the majority of the food commodities.
Molybdenum nitrides as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts: structural and electrochemical studies.

Monometallic (δ-MoN, Mo5N6, and Mo2N) and bimetallic molybdenum nitrides (Co0.6Mo1.4N2) were investigated as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is a key half-reaction in hydrogen fuel cells. Monometallic hexagonal molybdenum nitrides are found to exhibit improved activities over rock salt type molybdenum nitride (γ-Mo2N), suggesting that improvements are due to either the higher molybdenum valence or a more favorable coordination environment in the hexagonal structures. Further enhancements in activity were found for hexagonal bimetallic cobalt molybdenum nitride (Co0.6Mo1.4N2), resulting in a modest onset potential of 0.713 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Co0.6Mo1. 4N2 exhibits good stability in acidic environments, and in the potential range lower than 0.5 V versus RHE, the ORR appears to proceed via a four-electron mechanism based on the analysis of rotating disc electrode results. A redetermination of the structures of the binary molybdenum nitrides was carried out using neutron diffraction data, which is far more sensitive to nitrogen site positions than X-ray diffraction data. The revised monometallic hexagonal nitride structures all share many common features with the Co0.6Mo1. 4N2 structure, which has alternating layers of cations in octahedral and trigonal prismatic coordination, and are thus not limited to only trigonal prismatic Mo environments (as was originally postulated for δ-MoN).
Recombinant human erythropoietin increases cerebral cortical width index and neurogenesis following ischemic stroke

The cerebral cortical expansion index refers to the ratio between left and right cortex width and is recognized as an indicator for cortical hyperplasia. Cerebral ischemia was established in CB-17 mice in the present study, and the mice were subsequently treated with recombinant human erythropoietin via subcutaneous injection. Results demonstrated that cerebral cortical width index significantly increased. Immunofluorescence detection showed that the number of nuclear antigen antibody/5-bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells at the infarction edge significantly increased. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between neurological scores and cortical width indices in rats following ischemic stroke. These experimental findings suggested that recombinant human erythropoietin promoted cerebral cortical hyperplasia, increased cortical neurogenesis, and enhanced functional recovery following ischemic stroke.
Effects of pentoxifylline or dexamethasone in combination with amphotericin B in experimental murine cerebral cryptococcosis: evidence of neuroexcitatory pathogenic mechanisms

In a murine model of intracerebral infection by Cryptococcus neoformans the therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline or dexamethasone were studied alone and in combination with amphotericin B. Assessed parameters were mean survival time, brain histopathology index, amounts of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the brain, and yeast CFU per brain. Survival increased significantly in mice treated with dexamethasone, amphotericin B, amphotericin B plus dexamethasone, and amphotericin B plus pentoxifylline; the latter had significantly longer survival than other treated groups. Indices of histopathological damage were similar in all treated groups. In infected untreated mice, the amounts of glutamate in the brain were decreased, presumably by depletion. In mice treated with amphotericin B plus dexamethasone, glutamate levels returned to the range of control mice. No differences in the amounts of gamma-aminobutyric acid were found between control and treatment groups. Brain fungal counts were significantly lower in mice treated with amphotericin B, amphotericin B plus dexamethasone, and amphotericin B plus pentoxifylline than in untreated animals. In this model, pentoxifylline in combination with amphotericin B improved survival, decreasing the fungal burden, and has potential as adjuvant therapy in cerebral cryptococcosis.
Simulations and characterizations for stress reduction designs in wafer level chip scale packages

The three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) was adopted to study the stress responses for the general design of a wafer level chip scale package (WLCSP) with one under-bump-metallurgy (UBM) layer, one redistribution layer (RDL) and two polymer layers (called 2P2M WLCSP which includes two polymer layers and two metal layers on a passivated wafer), the low cost designs of 2P1M WLCSP (with one RDL and two polymer layers) and 1P1M WLCSP (with one RDL and one polymer layer) in this study. To validate the FEA result, the board level thermal cycling reliability test of 2P2M WLCSP that followed the JEDEC standard was evaluated and both results were well aligned. Through validation and characterization, the finite element model can be further utilized to achieve precise simulations in systematic simulation studies. For the sake of capturing the top significant factors and their corresponding impact levels to the low-k layer, UBM, RDL pad, top and bottom IMC stresses in 2P2M WLCSP designs, the parameters of die, low-k, polymer, RDL, solder ball and PCB were discussed. By observing the presented results, not only can the significant factors that impact the stress responses be investigated but also the suitable parameters that have the best stress reduction designs in 2P2M WLCSP can be determined. This study can effectively serve as design guidelines and provide a good point of reference for significant factor selection analyses and high reliability designs of 2P2M WLCSP.
Use of Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors and Risk of Melanoma in High‐Risk Patients

Background Results from in vitro and animal studies suggest that cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors may reduce the risk of melanoma, but among humans, the evidence remains limited. Objective In a pilot retrospective cohort, to determine the relationship between the use of COX inhibitors and the incidence, recurrence, and metastases of melanoma in high-risk patients. Methods Reviewing computerized records at the Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, we retrospectively examined the association between COX inhibitor use and melanoma incidence, recurrence, and metastases in high-risk subjects: white subjects previously diagnosed with melanoma (1996–2003). We evaluated three potential outcomes: new melanoma diagnosis, recurrence of a previous melanoma, and melanoma metastasis. Results Eighty-three subjects with melanoma were included. There was one metastasis among 28 subjects prescribed COX inhibitors, whereas four new melanomas (7.3%), two melanoma recurrences, and six metastases (10.9%) occurred among 55 patients not prescribed COX inhibitors. Although no individual outcomes measures reached statistical significance, combining the three measures, these were significantly lower in users of COX inhibitors compared with nonusers (1 vs 12; p = .05). After adjustment for age and tumor depth of invasion, COX inhibitor users had significantly lower rates of melanoma outcome measures (odds ratio 0.08; 95% confidence interval 0.01–0.77; p = .03). Conclusion Potential exists for chemoprevention of melanoma among high-risk patients.
Electrophysiological correlates of aesthetic processing of webpages: a comparison of experts and laypersons

We investigated whether design experts or laypersons evaluate webpages differently. Twenty participants, 10 experts and 10 laypersons, judged the aesthetic value of a webpage in an EEG-experiment. Screenshots of 150 webpages, judged as aesthetic or as unaesthetic by another 136 participants, served as stimulus material. Behaviorally, experts and laypersons evaluated unaesthetic webpages similarly, but they differed in their evaluation of aesthetic ones: experts evaluated aesthetic webpages as unaesthetic more often than laypersons did. The ERP-data show main effects of level of expertise and of aesthetic value only. There was no interaction of expertise and aesthetics. In a time-window of 110–130 ms after stimulus onset, aesthetic webpages elicited a more negative EEG-amplitude than unaesthetic webpages. In the same time window, experts had more negative EEG-amplitudes than laypersons. This patterning of results continued until a time window of 600–800 ms in which group and aesthetic differences diminished. An interaction of perceiver characteristics and object properties that several interactionist theories postulate was absent in the EEG-data. Experts seem to process the stimuli in a more thorough manner than laypersons. The early activation differences between aesthetic and unaesthetic webpages is in contrast with some theories of aesthetic processing and has not been reported before.
Serum IGF-I-Deficiency Does Not Prevent Compensatory Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Resistance Exercise

The involvement of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the skeletal muscle response to resistance exercise is currently unclear. To address this, we utilized the liver IGF-I-deficient (LID) mouse model, in which the igf1 gene has been disrupted in the hepatocytes, resulting in ~80% reduction in serum IGF-I. Twelve- to 13-month-old male LID and control (L/L) mice were subjected to 16 weeks of resistance training. Resistance exercise resulted in equal strength gains in both L/L and LID mice. Basal IGF-I mRNA levels were greater in LID muscles than in L/L, and exercise increased IGF-I mRNA in quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and plantaris muscles. LID mice had elevated tyrosine phosphorylation of IGF-IR and Stat5b, the latter possibly reflective of increased serum GH. Tyrosine phosphorylation of IGF-IR was increased, while phospho-Stat5b was reduced after resistance training of both wild-type and LID mice. These data suggest that: 1) performance and recovery in response to resistance training is normal even when there is severe deficiency of circulating IGF-I; and 2) upregulation of local IGF-I may be involved in the compensatory growth of muscle that occurs in response to resistance training. Decreased levels of p-Stat5b in exercised mice suggests that the upregulation of local IGF-I gene expression in response to exercise may be GH-independent.
Internet-based screening and brief intervention for illicit drug users: a randomized controlled trial with 12-month follow-up.

OBJECTIVE This trial investigated the effects of access to an Internet-based screening and brief intervention site for illicit drug users. This article adds to previously published results from the 3- and 6-month follow-ups by extending the follow-up period to 12 months and reporting changes in substance use between the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. METHOD In total, 202 Internet help-seekers with illicit drug use, 15-70 years old, were randomly assigned to either an intervention group that received Internet-based screening and brief intervention via eScreen.se or to an assessment-only control group. The primary outcome measure was the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test consumption questions (DUDIT-C) score, and secondary outcome measures were the DUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test consumption questions (AUDIT-C), and AUDIT scores, as well as the proportion of drug abstainers and participants making a clinically significant change in their alcohol and other drug use. RESULTS DUDIT-C, DUDIT, AUDIT-C, and AUDIT scores remained stable between the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. However, 12 months after recruitment, 34.3% of those who used eScreen.se had changed their alcohol use to a clinically lower level compared with the 21.8% of the controls. Also, none of the eScreen.se users increased their level of alcohol use during this 12-month period, whereas 5.0% in the control group did so. CONCLUSIONS Despite no changes in illicit drug use from the 6- to 12-month follow-up for both the intervention and control group, eScreen.se seems to be more effective than assessment only for reducing alcohol use among illicit drug users over a 12-month period.