Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Determining the Corporate Capital Structure in the Czech Republic from the Perspective of Business Entities

The specific corporate capital structure is fundamentally a complex process dependent on a large variety of determinants; and the chosen financial strategy therefore depends on the particular decisions of individual firms. The aim of this contribution is to capture the most important determinants of the corporate capital structure from the perspective of entrepreneurs on the basis of an empirical inquiry. Although the number of respondents was limited, inquiry results still can be considered as relevant to formulate conclusions for small and medium-sized enterprises operating in the manufacturing and processing sectors with the legal form of the limited liability company. To identify the most important factors affecting corporate decisions concerning the sources of financing, the statistical methods and procedures were used for the research evaluation. With the help of factor analysis, the three key external factors, brought in by the entrepreneurs, were derived: the economic and political development of the country, the market environment of the country, and the levels of tax and interest rates. The effect of internal factors determining the corporate capital structure was perceived by respondents as more important. The inquiry revealed that the most important internal factors were supposed to be: the corporate philosophy, the cost of the capital, and the financial health and indebtedness of a business. The answer to the essential question of this article, whether the final capital structure of a company is the result of its own decision-making, or rather a result of various external factors, thus tends rather to the predominance of the internal factors.
Mudbanks of the Southwest Coast of India. II: Wave-Mud Interactions

In order to explain the various sedimentary characteristics and processes involved in the formation, sustenance and dissipation of monsoonal mudbanks off the southwest coast of India, an in situ examination of wave-mud interactions was carried out. It is concluded that fine sediment in comparatively shallow waters is fluidized by waves and subsequently transported shoreward by the combined action of waves and currents. Due to the convergence of wave energy, fluid mud is deposited at specific nearshore sites resulting in the occurrence of localized mudbanks. As wave action subsides at the end of the monsoon, the nearshore fluid mud slides back offshore due to gravity. Hence the duration of the mudbank depends on the ability of waves and currents in sustaining mud in the fluidized state and in overcoming its downslope offshore movement. A six-stage conceptual model of mudbank evolution is proposed.
Seasonal changes in the concentration of some trace elements in macrophyte shoots

Seasonal changes in the concentrations of trace elements (Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and As) were analysed in shoots of macrophytes Myriophyllum spicatum, Najas marina, Potamogetoncrispus, Potamogeton lucens, Potamogeton nodosus, Potamogeton pectinatus and Nuphar lutea taken from lake Velenjsko jezero (Slovenia), an artificial lake resulting from mining activity. Lake lies in the vicinity of the Šoštanj Thermal Power Plant, from which fly ash slurry was transported by pipeline and emptied into Velenjsko jezero until 1983. The degree of concentration of elements in plant’s shoots varied according to the species of plant and the time of the season. The average concentrations of non-essential elements (Ni, Cr, Pb and As) in stems and leaves were the highest in Myriophyllum spicatum and the lowest in Nuphar lutea. Concentration of two essential elements Cu and Zn were the highest in the shoots of Potamogeton lucens and Potamogeton crispus respectively. Element concentration showed seasonal variation. For essential elements Zn and Cu there was a clear concentration decline from May to September in almost all macrophyte shoots, while non-essential elements remained at the same level or decreased through the season.
Ecological determinants of rockweed performance: interactions among herbivores, epiphytes and tides

Ecological determinants of rockweed performance: interactions among herbivores, epiphytes and tides Sarah Alexandra Hart Chair of Supervisory Committee: Dr. Jennifer L. Ruesink Department of Biology Ecology seeks to understand how biotic and abiotic factors influence species distribution and abundance in order to make predictions about the outcome of interactions between species and their environment. The rocky intertidal zone is characterized by strong environmental gradients over small spatial scales, making it an ideal habitat to study how changes in abiotic and biotic factors influence the distribution of species. The rockweed Fucus distichus is an important benthic primary producer and habitat forming species that experiences gradients of tidal immersion, herbivory, and epiphytes across its vertical range in the intertidal zone. Since these factors act together to influence F. distichus performance, studying their effects singly may not adequately characterize the outcomes of their combined interactions. This research examines three interaction scenarios through mesocosm and field experiments: 1) effect of herbivores (Littorina sitkana) on F. distichus performance, mediated indirectly through inducible defenses, 2) multiple stressor effects of herbivores, epiphytes, and tidal immersion on F. distichus performance, and 3) direct and indirect interactions between herbivory and F. distichus, mediated by epiphytes. In contrast to some other fucoid algae, F. distichus did not produce inducible defenses in response to waterborne cues from snails feeding. However, F. distichus grown with snail feeding cues had lower carbon to nitrogen ratios and higher subsequent consumption by snails. Thus, uptake of snail metabolic wastes by F. distichus may influence subsequent feeding preferences. Multiple stressor results demonstrate that herbivores and epiphytes negatively affect F. distichus performance, and each is additive with tidal effects. F. distichus grew slower when always immersed, even when protected from herbivores or epiphytes, pointing to immersion as a determinant of the lower limit of F. distichus. Finally, when snail herbivores fed on both epiphytes and F. distichus, the net effect of the snails on F. distichus switched from a positive indirect interaction to a negative direct interaction with increased snail density, mediated by epiphyte load. The interactive effects of immersion, herbivory, and epiphytes on F. distichus are complex but clarified by this research involving careful experimental manipulation of environmental factors that vary across the intertidal zone.
The Assimilation of Phytoplankton Functional Types for Operational Forecasting in the Northwest European Shelf

This paper proposes the use of assimilation of phytoplankton functional types (PFTs) surface chlorophyll for operational forecasting of biogeochemistry on the North‐West European (NWE) Shelf. We explicitly compare the 5‐day forecasting skill of three runs of a physical‐biogeochemical model: (a) a free reference run, (b) a run with daily data assimilation (DA) of total surface chlorophyll (ChlTot), and (c) a run with daily PFTs DA. We show that small total chlorophyll model bias hides comparatively large biases in PFTs chlorophyll, which ChlTot DA fails to correct. This is because the ChlTot DA splits the assimilated total chlorophyll into PFTs by preserving their simulated ratios, rather than taking account of the observed PFT concentrations. Unlike ChlTot DA, PFTs DA substantially improves model representation of PFTs chlorophyll. During forecasting the DA reanalysis skill in representing PFTs chlorophyll degrades toward the free run skill; however, PFTs DA outperforms free run within the whole 5‐day forecasting period. We validated our results with in situ data, and we demonstrated that (in both DA cases) the DA substantially improves the model representation of CO2 fugacity (PFTs DA more than ChlTot DA). ChlTot DA has a positive impact on the representation of silicate, while the PFTs DA seems to have a negative impact. The impact of DA on nitrate and phosphate is not significant. The implications of using a univariate assimilation method, which preserves the phytoplankton stochiometry, and the impact of model biases on the nonassimilated variables are discussed.
Detection of frontal faces in video streams ?

This paper describes an approach for detection of frontal faces in real time (20-35Hz) for further processing. This approach makes use of a combination of previous detection tracking and color for selecting interest areas. On those areas, later facial features such as eyes, nose and mouth are searched based on geometric tests, appearance veri cation, temporal and spatial coherence. The system makes use of very simple techniques applied in a cascade approach, combined and coordinated with temporal information for improving performance. This module is a component of a complete system designed for detection, tracking and identi cation of individuals [1].
Spatial panel models for the analysis of land prices

The paper investigates the determinants of cropland value in 12 selected Midwestern U.S.A. States in the years 1971- 2009. We adopt the Ricardian Present Value Model (PVM) as the theoretical framework, and therefore focus on the relationship between land value and cash rents, expecting to find a positive one. In order to model the spatial effects that characterize the data, we estimate a spatial dynamic panel data model with fixed individual effects. The employed dataset represents an improvement with respect to earlier studies because it refers to a rather homogeneous sample of States and only to cropland rather than farmland in general, and also excludes the value of buildings from the value of farmland. Also, net, rather than gross, cash rents per acre of cropland are used, as this reflects the net return to the landowner. Our results allow the computation of short and long run cropland value elasticity to cash rents, whose close-to-1 value appears to support the PVM. We also highlight the importance of taking spatial effects into consideration when addressing this field of analysis.
Input and interaction in deaf families

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Application of the technology acceptance model and the technology–organisation–environment model to examine social media marketing use in the South African tourism industry

Background: In tourism, globally there is a growing interest in social media marketing research. However, most previous research on social media marketing has focused on large tourism enterprises such as chain hotels, leaving out small tourism businesses such as travel agencies and tour operators. Objective: The aim of this research was to establish factors that influence attitude towards the use of social media marketing by travel agencies and tour operators in South Africa. Method: The study adopteda quantitative approach through the use of questionnaires. Data used in the analysis were collected from 150 travel agencies and tour operators by means of a structured questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that managerial support and managers’ level of education are the two main internal factors which influence attitude towards the use of social media marketing. Pressure from competitors, perceived benefits and perceived ease of use were found to be the most prominent external factors which influence the use of social media marketing. The results also revealed that technical knowledge moderates the relationship between attitude towards social media marketing and the level of social media marketing usage. Conclusion: The study concludes with these recommendations: Management of travel agencies, tour operating businesses and the South African government should support the use of social media marketing by small tourism businesses through providing training and workshops on social media marketing for the employees to acquire the required skills.
The hydro-alcoholic extract of Sardinian wild thistles species ( Onopordum 1 sp . ) inhibits IL-8 and NF-κB in the TNF-α stimulated AGS cells 2

22 Ethnopharmacological relevance: Thistles species (Family: Compositae) are traditionally 23 used in the Mediterranean area, particularly in Sardinia. They are usually gathered from the 24 wild and used for both food and therapeutic purposes, including gastrointestinal disorders. 25 Aim of the study: This work aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of eight wild 26 thistles from Sardinia, in an in vitro model of gastric inflammation, and to identify the 27 major active compounds in the extracts. 28 Materials and methods: The hydro-alcoholic extract of the aerial part of each species was 29 prepared. After the induction of inflammation by the addition of tumor necrosis factor-α 30 (TNFα) (10 ng/ml), AGS cells were treated with extracts/pure compounds under study. The 31 inhibition of interleukin-8 (IL-8) release, IL-8 and NF-κB promoter activities and NF-κB 32 nuclear translocation was evaluated. Extracts main components were identified by 33
Lipid damage development in anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) muscle during storage under refrigerated conditions

The evolution of lipid damage in anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicholus ) muscle was studied under different storage conditions. Fresh anchovy was exposed to salt (S condition), ice (I condition) and salt-ice (IS condition), kept in a refrigerated room (4 oC), and analyzed at days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 of storage. A strong hydrolysis development could be assessed for all storage conditions, although a partial hydrolysis inhibition (p < 0.05) could be attained as a result of the presence of salt (S and IS conditions). In contrast, a lower (p < 0.05) primary lipid oxidation compound formation could be observed for individuals kept under I conditions. This conclusion was confirmed by the interaction compound formation study (fluorescence and browning developments) between oxidized lipids and protein-type molecules. Accordingly, a higher lipid oxidation was inferred as a result of NaCl addition to fish (S and IS conditions).
Double object constructions and dative / accusative alternations in Spanish and Catalan: A unified account

This paper has a twofold aim: to present a unified analysis of ditransitive constructions and transitivity alternations (dative/accusative alternations) in Spanish. As for the first phenomenon, and more concretely the purported existence in Spanish of something comparable to the English dative alternation, we will show the weaknesses of what we consider an analysis fruit of the tendency consisting of finding in the Romance area an exact reflex of English facts. Therefore, we will refute the hypothesis defended by several authors (Masullo 1992, Demonte 1995, Romero 1997, Cuervo 2003a,b) according to which Spanish ditransitive constructions with dative clitic doubling correspond to double object constructions (DOC), whereas non-doubled constructions correspond to the so-called prepositional constructions (PC), or to- dative, in English. After a careful and exhaustive examination of the data, we will argue that Spanish (and Catalan) ditransitive constructions instantiate DOC, whether they bear clitic doubling or not. Pronominalization facts in Catalan, a language which preserves prepositional clitics, will support this analysis, based on the postulation of an affectedness/possession restriction with gradual implementation. As for the second phenomenon of study, the existence of true case alternations in Spanish, we will argue that we are dealing with a kind of variation constrained by the same restriction (or a version of it) which acts in the realm of ditransitive predicates. Here, also, Catalan data will reveal crucial for our analysis. Crucially, we will show that what lies behind Spanish and Catalan dative/accusative alternation is an instance of Differential Indirect Object Marking (DIOM
The Effect of Audit Quality on Accuracy of Stock Price Prediction through Earnings Quality, Evidence from Indonesia

This article discusses the results of the study, which consists of three research models. The first research model examines the effect of audit quality on earnings quality. The second research model examines the effect of earnings quality and audit quality on the accuracy of stock price predictions. The third research model, examines the indirect effect of audit quality on the accuracy of stock price predictions, through earnings quality. In this study, the accuracy of stock price prediction is the dependent variable. Earnings quality as a mediating variable. Audit quality as an independent variable, using three measurements, namely the number of auditors, number of clients, and audit fees. Sample research consists of 54 issuers listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, during 2013-2016. The sample is selected using the purposive sampling method. The analytical method uses the ordinary least square estimation method, for models that test direct influence. For testing indirect effects, using the two least square methods. The results in the first research model prove that audit quality has a significant and positive effect on earnings quality. The results of the second research model, proving that earnings quality and audit quality have a significant influence on the accuracy of stock price predictions. The results of the third research model prove that earnings quality mediates significantly the influence of audit quality on the accuracy of stock price predictions. Keywords : audit quality, audit fee, earnings quality, stock price predictions
Temptation and the Efficient Taxation of Education and Labor

This paper studies efficient tax policies in Ramsey’s tradition when consumers face temptation and self control problems in inter-temporal decision making. We embed the class of preferences developed by Gul and Pesendorfer into a simple two-period life-cycle model and show that education should be effectively subsidized if the elasticity of the earnings function is increasing in education and if temptation problems are sufficiently severe. By contrast, if temptation problems are not sufficiently severe, efficient education policy calls for taxing education. Moreover, efficient labor taxation calls for subsidizing qualified labor if the strength of temptation is sufficiently large.
Endogenous Costs and Price-Cost Margins

Empirical work on price-cost margins often treats costs as exogenous. Allowing for endogenous costs when estimating price-cost margins is the topic of this paper. Methodologically, the endogenous cost model we propose leads to an additional equation that allows for the simultaneity in price setting in the product and the input market (labor in our case). In other words, the usual two-equation set-up (demand and first-order condition in the product market) is generalized to include a third equation, which endogenizes costs. We implement the model using data for eight European airlines from 1976-1994, and show that the treatment of endogenous costs has important implications for the measurement of price-cost margins and the assessment of market power.
The Property Tax Bound

In most states, the property tax departs markedly from the ideal of a low-rate, broad-based tax that treats various types of real property uniformly. Recently, many states have responded to rapidly rising residential property values with new constraints such as assessment caps. This paper will review property tax performance and analyze several arguments relating to alleged deficiencies of the property tax. The analysis suggests that the property tax has performed well by most measures and that it ranks high in terms of both stability and revenue elasticity. The restrictions and constraints imposed on the property tax are likely the result of the pursuit of political objectives by decision makers and not the result of structural problems with the tax itself.
Ultrastructure of the ascospore wall in Pezizales (Ascomycetes) — III. Otideaceae and Pezizaceae

The development of wall layers and ornamentation of ascospores is studied with the electron microscope in members of the Otideaceae and Pezizaceae. Primary wall, endospore, and epispore develop in the same way as in Ascodesmis and the Pyronemataceae; the development of the secondary wall and the formation of the patterns of ornamentation resemble that in the Pyronemataceae. Special attention is paid to specialized plasmic structures.
Psychological career resources and coping resources of the young unemployed African graduate : an exploratory study : original research

Orientation : Youth unemployment in South Africa presents unique challenges to the young unemployed graduate and requires a range of psychological coping capacities from the young adult. Research purpose : This study explored the relationship between the psychological career resources (as measured by the Psychological Career Resources Inventory) and coping resources (as measured by the Coping Resources Inventory) of a sample of 196 young unemployed African graduates. Motivation for study : There is an increasing need for career counsellors and practitioners to explore the psychological attributes and career-related resources that young people employ or require to help them deal with the challenges posed by unemployment during the school-to-work transition phase of their lives. Research design, approach and method : A survey design and quantitative statistical procedures were used to achieve the research objective. Convenience sampling was used on a population of 500 unemployed graduate black people who attended a 12-week Work Readiness Programme (39% response rate). Main findings : Multiple regression analyses indicated that dimensions of psychological career resources contribute significantly to explaining the proportion of variance in the participants' coping resources scores. Practical implications : The insights derived from the findings can be employed by career counsellors and practitioners to construct a more comprehensive career framework for the individual in the school-to-work transition phase. Contribution/value-add : The findings add valuable new knowledge that can be used to inform career services concerned with guiding and counselling young graduates in the school-to-work transition phase.