Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foundations for the run-time analysis of software systems

Analysis and validation of software systems is an important area of research in computer science. Traditionally, software engineers have tried, either to formally verify their design or test their system on a variety of inputs. In formal verification, one describes the program in some mathematical formalism and then tries to prove its correctness. Verifying systems does not guarantee correctness because it is the design, and not the implementation, that is verified, and because resource limitations prevent the verification of large systems. While testing, on the other hand, analyses an implementation of the software, it is often adhoc and fails to provide formal guarantees. Run-time analysis of systems attempts to address this problem, and this thesis examines the issues that arise in this area. We investigate the problem of checking functional, terminating computation and monitoring reactive, non-terminating computation, separately. For functional computations, we extend work in the area of program checking by introducing a model of checking for approximate correctness, and design checkers under two different computational models. In spot checking, the checker is assumed to have random access to the bits of input-output pair of the program, while in stream checking, the checker streams through the input-output pair. The checkers that we describe are extremely efficient, in that they either don't even read the entire input-output pair, as in spot checking, or they use a very small amount of memory, as in stream checking. We also provide a descriptive theory for the class of reactive languages that can be monitored. We show that this class of monitorable languages coincides with the class 1 0 of the arithmetic hierarchy. We also characterize this class of languages using ω-automata with storage. We use this result to show that the system, MaC, that we developed, can monitor all these languages. Finally, we describe the design and prototype implementation of a framework for monitoring and checking, called MaC. MaC integrates both functional checking and reactive system monitoring, and exploits the benefits that both these approaches offer. Moreover, MaC provides a framework to experiment with the theoretical ideas presented, on practical Java programs.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF SHOULDER FOLLOWING MINI OPEN REPAIR FOR ROTATOR CUFF INJURIES

Background: Rotator cuff injuries are a common cause of shoulder pain in the adult population. The present study aims to assess the outcome following rotator cuff repair by mini open approach Materials and methods: This is a prospective study done on thirty patients with rotator cuff injuries. 13 full thickness and 17 partial thickness were followed up for 2 years following repair by mini open approach and functional scoring was done, preoperatively and postoperatively with the Constant and Murley scoring system.Statistical analysis of scores were done with ANOVA and pairwise comparisons between mean scores at different time intervals done with Bonferroni correction test. Results: The mean preoperative score was 59.5 while the mean score at 2 year follow up was 91.8 which is highly significant. There was no significant difference between mean scores of the full thickness tear mini open repair versus the partial thickness tear miniopen repair. Conclusion: Miniopen repair of rotator cuff injuries offers excellent functional outcome at 2 year followup.There is no difference in functional outcome between partial and full thickness tear treated by miniopen repair.
Statistical abstract of the United States

1 Includes drainage basin of Red River of the North, not a part of any accession, but in the past sometimes considered a part of the Louisiana Purchase. i Includes Baker, Canton, Enderbury, Rowland, Jarvis, Johnston, and Midway Islands; and also certain other outlying islands (21 square miles). 3 Commonwealth of the Philippines, Commission of the Census; 1939 Census, Census Atlas of the Philippines. Source: Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
Impact of area social predictors of health on Black-White disparities in stroke mortality

This dissertation investigated the area social predictors of health (ASPoH) and Black-White disparities in stroke mortality relationship. Utilizing stroke mortality data obtained from the Florida Department of Health for years 1998-2002, and social and economic data obtained from the year 2000 Census of Population, this study examined the effect of resource availability at the census tract level on Black-White disparities in stroke mortality. The influence of social class on Black-White disparities in stroke mortality and effect modification by social class of the association between Black-White disparities and ASPoH variables was also investigated. Principal component analysis produced four ASPoH scores from economic and social measures. Multiple regression analysis assessed the predictive ability of these ASPoH variables on Black-White disparities. Increases in the female Black-White ratio were significantly associated with increases in the magnitude of the ASPoH-1 and ASPoH-2 variables. When regression analyses were restricted (in terms of population count minimums) to a subset of census tracts, increases in the ASPoH-1 and ASPoH-2 variables were significantly associated with increases in all Black-White disparity measures for both males and females. Assessment of the influence of social class on Black-White disparities in stroke mortality was only feasible at the state level due to a lack of data at the census tract level. With the exception of the 65+ years age-group, Black males and females experienced higher age-group specific stroke mortality rates across each of the social class groups. Inconsistent with previous research findings, Black residents who attained a high school degree had the highest stroke death rates compared to all other educational attainment groups. In the assessment of social class as a potential effect modifier, the study hypothesis stated that the ASPoH measures would have the greatest impact on those residents in the lowest social class category. This predicted effect was only supported when the Male Black-White ratio disparity score was examined. Study findings support the conjecture that unknown and unmeasured processes influence the association between area social predictors and stroke mortality for Black Floridians. Identification of modifiable societal characteristics may be the key to unlocking the foundation of disparities in health outcomes.
Estudio de la participación de los jugadores españoles de baloncesto en las distintas categorías de la selección nacional

El interes por detectar los talentos ha sido estudiado desde diversos puntos de vista. Uno de ellos es comprobar cuantos de los deportistas que llegan al maximo nivel, tambien habian destacado siendo jovenes. Conociendo los datos de otros deportes, nos planteamos analizar la correlacion de la participacion de los jugadores de baloncesto entre las selecciones nacionales en las categorias cadetes, junior, sub 22 y absoluta. La muestra seleccionada ha estado compuesta por los jugadores espanoles nacidos entre 1974 y 1981 (un total de 161). Los datos han dado unos resultados muy interesantes entre los que destacan que la mayoria de los jugadores internacionales cadetes no llegan a la absoluta y solo la mitad llegan a la ACB. En la categoria junior y sub 22 estos datos aumentan proporcionalmente, es decir, los jugadores internacionales en estas edades tienen mas probabilidades de jugar en la absoluta. Estos resultados nos hacen reflexionar sobre el proceso de seleccion de talentos en las categorias cadetes y anteriores.
Numerical Simulation in Molecular Dynamics: Numerics, Algorithms, Parallelization, Applications

Particle models play an important role in many applications in physics, chemistry and biology. They can be studied on the computer with the help of molecular dynamics simulations. This book presents in detail both the necessary numerical methods and techniques (linked-cell method, SPME-method, tree codes, multipole technique) and the theoretical background and foundations. It illustrates the aspects modelling, discretization, algorithms and their parallel implementation with MPI on computer systems with distributed memory. Furthermore, detailed explanationsare given to the different steps of numerical simulation, and code examples are provided. With the description of the algorithms and the presentation of the results of various simulations from the areas material science, nanotechnology, biochemistry and astrophysics, the reader of this book will be able to write his own programs for molecular dynamics step by step and to run successful experiments.
The problem of lower back pain in nursing staff and its effect on human activity

Summary The physical and technical difficulties involved in the work of nursing staff often lead to the occurrence of problems, the reasons for which are not easy to identify and clarify, and even more difficult to articulate. Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between lower back pain and manifestations of human activity and behavior. Material and Method: The sample consisted of nurses working in two hospitals of Central Greece. Collection of the sample commenced in April of 2006 and was completed within three months. Before respondents agreed to participate, they were informed about the purpose of the study. Data were collected during their working hours by completing the questionnaires of the American Pain Society Scale, according to which pain levels are measured in individuals. The questionnaires were anonymus . The questionnaire consisted of three parts. The first part included questions aiming at collecting demographic data, the second part included 15 questions focusing at investigating the existence and the attitude towards the problem, technics about weight lifting, moving ant transferring load and the third part included the American Pain Society Scale. Results: 120 questionnaires were collected in total, of approximately 150 distributed to nursing staff at two hospitals in Central Greece. 40% of the sample replied that they have experienced lower back pain. The values of the Mann-Whitney p-value test showed that the influence of pain on human relations and sleep is systematically higher than on other activities. The values of the Kruskall-Wallis p-value test showed that the activities of nursing staff under the influence of pain following injury to the lumbar spine, do not differ according to gender and are independent of the level of education of the population under study. Subjects’ emotional disposition would seem to be influenced by pain and it is the only parameter which varies according to age. Human activity is influenced by pain to the same degree regardless of the rank of the nurses who made up the population examined in this study. All tests are significant when p-value is less than 0,005. The overwhelming majority of the individuals involved were 30-41 years of age and employed as hospital ward nurses. With respect to their level of education, it should be pointed out that a mere 2.5% of the sample had completed only basic training. Conclusions: Efforts to improve the problem of the relation of pain to activity in nursing staff can be focused in two main directions, including intervention on an individual level and changes on an organizational level on the part of the employer. Coordinating these two principal directions can lead to a progressive reduction of the problem. However, there is a plethora of obstacles to be overcomed due mainly to the nature of the work of the population under study.
Formal Definition of Object-Oriented Design Metrics

ii Abstract Software measurement has become essential to good Software Engineering. However, most published works on software engineering concentrate on the coding activity. As quality indicators and predictors of structural problems, metrics should be available as early as possible in the software life cycle, and not dependant on source code availability. This thesis intends to assist object-oriented software measurement, improving its use among software designers. For achieving this goal, the FLAME-a Formal Library for Aiding Metrics Extraction-is built with The Object Constraint Language (OCL), a part of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) standard. Based upon OCL, object-oriented design metrics definitions are formalized on a compositional way. The definition of each metric is done upon the UML meta-model, at different levels of abstraction, including the meta-classes Package, Model Element, Generalizable Element, Classifier, Feature, Operation and Attribute. The combination of the UML meta-model and OCL allows unambiguous metrics definition, which in turn helps increasing tool support for object-oriented metrics extraction. The outcome is an elegant, precise and straightforward way to define metrics that may help to overcome several current problems. Besides, it is a natural approach since we are using the object technology to define metrics on the object technology itself. The formalization renders possible the comparisons among different sets of metrics, as well as it may be used to establish a common vocabulary among different stakeholders. As consequence, our efforts contribute to the overall quality of the Software Engineering product and process. Software measurement, design metrics, object-oriented metrics, meta-model, formalization. " If knowledge can create problems, it is not through ignorance that we will solve them. " Isaac Asimov iii iv Acknowledgments
An Examination of the Relationship of the AMEDD Population Health Clinical Optimization Training with Change in Patient and Staff Satisfaction

Abstract : Following the five-day AMEDD Population Health Clinical Optimization training at the Moore Clinic, Fort Hood, Texas, there was a statistically significant increase in patient satisfaction but no significant change in overall staff satisfaction. There were, however, many facets of staff satisfaction that showed significant changes following the training. The significant changes observed in staff satisfaction with workload, treatment team, facility, autonomy, organization, professional experience, patient relationships, efficiency, quality, pay and benefits, overall satisfaction with current position and plan to separate from current position were not universal across the primary care teams disciplines. Providers, Nursing Staff, Certified Nursing Assistants, and Administrative Support Staff indicated that the training experience and optimization activities following the training affected each of these groups differently. There were difficulties implementing all of the planned changes that emerged from the optimization training and this might have resulted in some of the decreased levels of staff satisfaction. Further study is indicated to provide more clarity on the value of this training.
FESS with and without the Availability of CT Imaging

A series of 322 endonasal endoscopic interventions in 200 patients was reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: I - consisting of the patients undergoing surgery without preoperative CT of paranasal sinuses; II - where CT was available and was performed before surgery. In both groups no major complications occurred, and the incidence of minor complications was similar. Adherence to anatomical landmarks was of paramount importance and reduced the incidence of complications in both groups. Experience in endonasal surgery, control of bleeding by meticulous technique, local anesthesia, and proper patient selection allowed the surgeon to avoid injury during FESS.
AL, a programming system for automation.

AL is a high-level programming system for specification of manipulatory tasks such as assembly of an object from parts. AL includes an ALGOL-like source language, a translator for converting programs into runnable code, and a runtime system for controlling manipulators and other devices. The system includes advanced features for describing individual motions of manipulators, for using sensory information, and for describing assembly algorithms in terms of common domain-specific primitives. This document describes the design of AL, which is currently being implemented as a successor to the Stanford WAVE system.
Mothers' mood and infant feeding: Prediction of problems and practices

Abstract Mothers commonly report difficulties in feeding their young children, and change their feeding practices contrary to health professionals' advice. It has been suggested that maternal mood may contribute to feeding problems. This prospective study examines the relationships between women's mood, their perception of feeding difficulties and their chosen feeding practices. Anxiety and depression measures were given to a sample of 152 pregnant women in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, within a week of delivery and a few months later. The women completed a questionnaire about their babies' feeding several months after delivery. Maternal mood at all three times of measurement was significantly associated with feeding problems and practices. Women who were relatively depressed in pregnancy had more physical difficulties with breast feeding. Mothers who were anxious after delivery perceived their babies as fussy, hungry and demanding, and worried about the amount of food their babies brought.
Database Systems: The Complete Book

From the Publisher: This introduction to database systems offers a readable comprehensive approach with engaging, real-world examplesusers will learn how to successfully plan a database application before building it. The first half of the book provides in-depth coverage of databases from the point of view of the database designer, user, and application programmer, while the second half of the book provides in-depth coverage of databases from the point of view of the DBMS implementor. The first half of the book focuses on database design, database use, and implementation of database applications and database management systemsit covers the latest database standards SQL:1999, SQL/PSM, SQL/CLI, JDBC, ODL, and XML, with broader coverage of SQL than most other books. The second half of the book focuses on storage structures, query processing, and transaction managementit covers the main techniques in these areas with broader coverage of query optimization than most other books, along with advanced topics including multidimensional and bitmap indexes, distributed transactions, and information integration techniques. A professional reference for database designers, users, and application programmers.
An Analysis of English Language Learning Instruction Provided in Teacher Education and Inservice Training Programs for General and Special Educators.

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v LIST OF TABLES ix CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 English Language Defined 2 English Language Learners with Disabilities 5 School Success for English Language Learners 7 English Language Learning Instruction in Teacher Education 7 Statement of the Problem 10 Significance of the Study 13 Definitions 14 Limitations 20 CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 22 English Language Instructional Models 23 Instructional Interventions for English Language Learners 48 Pre-Service Teacher Education in English Language Instruction 69 In-Service Teacher Education in English Language Instruction 76 Summary 84 CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 85 Overview 85 Research Questions 85 Participants 88 Setting 90 Instrumentation 93 Materials 94 Design and Procedures 95 Data Collection 98 Treatment of the Data 98 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS 102 English Language Learning Questionnaire 103
Changing models of learner support: the role and cost of online resources

Student support retains its importance in ensuring the success of open and distance learning students and so remains a key issue within their institutions and networks. How can we best support students to meet their learning goals and aid their progression? How are traditional models of student support changing with the introduction of social networking tools and online resources? How can open educational resources best support students? What costs are involved in the support and development of open educational resources and online resources? This issue of Open Learning provides some new insights on these topics. Learning technology innovations have a major impact on the design and delivery of distance learning programmes. In our first article, the use of voice boards, ebook readers and virtual worlds is the subject of an important exploratory study by Rogerson-Revell, Nie, and Armellini from the University of Leicester. They investigate the impact of integrating new tools into their Master’s Programme in Applied Linguistics and Teaching English for Speakers of Other Languages, which moved solely online from 2008. The authors’ aims were to measure both costs and impact in terms of enhancing the learner experience, particularly in relation to improvements in learner engagement, support, flexibility, mobility, and reduced isolation. The sample of students involved is small but the results merit further investigation, particularly in relation to the cost implications for new electronic resources. Overall, the study found that voice boards provided the lowest cost and highest benefit in terms of support to learners, while virtual worlds (Second Life in this case), although valued, involved the highest set-up costs, highest levels of user-training, and lowest user rewards. Distance language learning also provides the background to our second article by Junhong Xiao from the Shantou Radio and Television University in China. Foreign-language learning at a distance can provide particular challenges (see Shelley & White, 2003), not least in that language learning can be perceived to be a social activity. But successful learning is not just a cognitive process; Xiao examines affective differences such as motivation, learner beliefs, and anxiety between 10 ‘successful’ and 10 ‘unsuccessful’ Chinese students (as ranked in the top and bottom 15% of overall course achievement). Second-year and third-year students of English as a foreign language were interviewed using an Internet-based messaging tool and the results indicate that, among other things, successful students had specific reasons for study, believed there was a positive pay-off in terms of career progression, had a strong sense of self-efficacy, and used appropriate study strategies. Unsuccessful students, on the other hand, had few goals, attributed lack of success to external factors, were unwilling to take risks, and were not reflective practitioners. The authors construct an ‘affective’ profile for the successful distance Open Learning Vol. 27, No. 2, June 2012, 99–102