Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leitura após formação de classes de equivalência em crianças com implante coclear: Precisão e fluência em palavras e textos

Esse estudo objetivou ensinar discriminacoes condicionais auditivo-visuais, testar a emergencia de classes de equivalencia, de leitura e nomeacao em criancas com deficiencia auditiva e implante coclear; tambem verificou os efeitos deste ensino sobre a leitura de livros infantis, considerando precisao e fluencia. Participaram tres meninos, idade cronologica entre 7-10 anos e idade verbal entre 3:4-3:8 anos (PPVT-IV). O procedimento avaliou a leitura de tres pequenos livros e selecionou dois conjuntos de tres estimulos para cada participante. Ensinou relacoes condicionais entre palavra ditada-palavra impressa e palavra ditada-figura por matching-to sample com cada conjunto. Testou-se: a formacao de classes de equivalencia entre figura e palavra escrita e vice-versa; leitura e nomeacao; precisao e fluencia na leitura dos livros. Os participantes aprenderam as relacoes ensinadas, atestaram a formacao de classes de equivalencia e aumentaram a acuracia em tarefas de vocalizacao, sobretudo em nomeacao. Na leitura dos livros houve aumento da precisao da fala e leitura mais fluente. O delineamento de linha de base multipla entre conjunto de palavras e entre livros atesta mudanca apos os procedimentos. Os resultados replicam, com implantados, a literatura sobre relacoes de equivalencia e generalizacoes para leitura de livros em ouvintes com dificuldades de aprendizagem.
Evaluation of changes in the maxillary alveolar bone after incisor intrusion

Objective This study was performed to investigate the changes in alveolar bone after maxillary incisor intrusion and to determine the related factors in deep-bite patients. Methods Fifty maxillary central incisors of 25 patients were evaluated retrospectively. The maxillary incisors in Group I (12 patients; mean age, 16.51 ± 1.32 years) were intruded with a base-arch, while those in Group II (13 patients; mean age, 17.47 ± 2.71 years) were intruded with miniscrews. Changes in the alveolar envelope were assessed using pre-intrusion and post-intrusion cone-beam computed tomography images. Labial, palatal, and total bone thicknesses were evaluated at the crestal (3 mm), midroot (6 mm), and apical (9 mm) levels. Buccal and palatal alveolar crestal height, buccal bone height, and the prevalence of dehiscence were evaluated. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to determine the significance of the changes. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis was performed to assess the relationship between dental and alveolar bone measurement changes. Results Upper incisor inclination and intrusion changes were significantly greater in Group II than in Group I. With treatment, the alveolar bone thickness at the labial bone thickness (LBT, 3 and 6 mm) decreased significantly in Group II (p < 0.001) as compared to Group I. The LBT change at 3 mm was strongly and positively correlated with the amount of upper incisor intrusion (r = 0.539; p = 0.005). Conclusions Change in the labial inclination and the amount of intrusion should be considered during upper incisor intrusion, as these factors increase the risk of alveolar bone loss.
Mortality of Asterias rubens and Ophiura ophiura discarded in the Nephrops fishery of the Clyde Sea area, Scotland

The Clyde Sea Nephrops fishery produces large amounts of invertebrate discards. Of these, up to 80% (by numbers) are echinoderms, including the starfishAsterias rubens and the brittlestar Ophiura ophiura. The short- and longer-term mortality of these species was determined after trawling in order to gain reliableestimates of trawl-induced mortality. Short-term mortality was assessed after trawling and periods of aerial exposure on deck, and ranged from 0-31%, with A.rubens showing lower mortality. Mortality of haphazardly collected echinoderms of various sizes and degrees of damage was monitored over one month todetermine longer-term mortality. The effects of injury on starfish survival were also examined, as were the effects of trawling and aerial exposure on O. ophiurasurvival and A. rubens righting time. Injured A. rubens had a significantly higher long-term mortality (22-96%) than controls (4%). Trawling and aerial exposuresignificantly increased righting times of A. rubens, implying susceptibility to stress and an increased risk of predation. Moribund A. rubens developed white lesionscontaining bacteria (Vibrio metschnikovii and Acinetobacter sp.) and mortality rates only stabilised in the third week after trawling. In contrast, all trawled O. ophiuradied within 14d. Immediate re-immersion in sea water resulted in lower, but nevertheless high, mortality (91%). Our results suggest that post-trawling mortality ofdiscarded echinoderms has been underestimated in the past.
Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 Dust Size and Velocity Distributions

Abstract Pre-impact observations of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 (S-L9) obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope are examined, and a model of an active, dust-producing comet is fitted to images of fragments G, H, K, and L. The model assumes steady isotropic dust emission from each fragment's sunlit hemisphere. Best-fit results indicate that the dominant light-scatterers in these fragments' comae were relatively large dust grains of radii 10 μm ≲ R ≲ 3 mm. The fragments' dust size distributions were rather flat in comparison to other comets, d N ( R ) ∝ R −2.3±0.1 , and the dust ejection speeds were ∼0.5–1.5 m/s. The S-L9 fragments themselves were not detected directly, and upper limits on their radii are 1.0–1.5 km assuming an albedo a =0.04. However, these fragments' vigorous production of dust, which ranges from 6 to 22 kg/s, places a lower limit of ∼100 m on their radii at the moment of tidal breakup. Any fragments smaller than this limit, yet experiencing similar mass loss rates, would have dissipated prior to impact. Such bodies would fail to leave an impact scar at Jupiter's atmosphere, as was realized by fragments F, J, P 1 , P 2 , T, and U.
Exploration of cavitation-induced erosion metrics in throttle flow simulations

Although there have been extensive experimental and computational investigations in characterizing cavitation phenomenon in both diesel and gasoline direct injectors, much is still unknown about the mechanisms driving cavitation-induced erosion, and how this complicated fluid-structure interaction should be modeled. To explore current modeling capabilities, a numerical investigation was conducted within the CONVERGE modeling framework to assess proposed cavitation erosion metrics in the literature, and their link to the predicted cavitation cloud collapse mechanism. The multiphase flow within the Winklhofer Throttle U geometry was modeled using a compressible mixture model, where phase change was represented using the Homogeneous Relaxation Model (HRM) and the turbulent flow evolution was modeled using a dynamic structure approach for Large Eddy Simulations (LES). After comparing the model predictions against available experimental data, representative condensation events and potential cavitation erosion sites were identified. The cavitation cloud structures responsible for potential material damage were visualized through the evolution of the vorticity field. For the modeled throttle geometry, it was found that the horseshoe cloud implosion mechanism was predicted to occur and generate excessive impact loads at the throttle boundary.
Selection of Intelligent Algorithms for Sentiment Classiﬁcation Method Creation

—The main goal of this paper is to select two single intelligent algorithms for sentiment classiﬁcation method creation. We perform set of experiments to recognize positive or negative sentiment, using single intelligent methods and combination of them. It was observed that the better results were obtained by the single methods: Logistic regression, SVM and Na¨ıve Bayes, also the combination of Logistic regression with SVM.
Entry into Entrepreneurship, Endogenous Adaption of Risk Attitudes and Entrepreneurial Survival

Empirical studies use the assumption of stability in individual risk attitudes when searching for a relationship between attitude to risk and the decision to become and survive as an entrepreneur. We show that risk attitudes do not remain stable but face endogenous adaption when starting a new business. This adaption is associated with entrepreneurial survival. The results show that entrepreneurs with low risk tolerance before entering self-employment and increased risk tolerance when self-employed have a higher probability of survival than similar entrepreneurs experiencing a decrease in the willingness to take risks. We find the opposite results for entrepreneurs who express a higher willingness to take risks before becoming self-employed: in this case, a decrease in tolerance of risk is correlated with an increasing survival probability.
The Widespread Use of Odd Pricing in the Retail Sector

All home-drop advertising material, and all advertising displayed in two free weekly newspapers, and the local daily (Manawatu Evening Standard) was analysed over a seven day period to identify the prevalence of odd pricing. Each advertisement was analysed on the basis of the right-most digit displayed. In other words, if cents endings were used, the analysis was based on the cents ending, regardless of the whole dollar amounts shown. In the case of whole dollar amounts, again the analysis was based on the last digit, or lowest dollar numeral. An analysis of 840 advertisements revealed that odd prices, in particular prices ending in the digit 9, clearly outnumbered all other price endings. In total, 87% of prices were defined as odd prices. Approximately 60% of prices ended in the digit 9, with a further 30% of prices ending in the digit 5. Thus, approximately 90% of prices ended in either "9" or "5". Three digits (0, 5, 9) accounted for nearly 97% of price endings, with the remaining seven digits accounting for only slightly over 3%. Whatever pricing methods retailers use, there is a definite bias in favour of odd price endings.
The Effects of Breath-Counting Meditation and Deep Breathing on Heart Rate Variability

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of breath-counting meditation (BCM) and deep breathing (DB) on heart rate variability (HRV). These breathing techniques have the characteristics of non-paced and self-controlled breathings, resulting in less increase of HRV. We also compared BCM and DB with usual breathing (UB) or relaxing breathing (RB) which can reveal the characteristics of those. Methods: 83 healthy volunteers sitting in chairs performed non-paced breathing; UB, RB, BCM, and DB each for 5 minutes. One minute of relaxation was permitted between breathings. Participants surfed the internet sitting in front of a computer during UB, while for RB, they remained steady with eyes closed. For BCM, they breathed inwardly counting from 1 to 10 repetitively, while they took a deep breath during DB. Physiological indices were simultaneously recorded with a biofeedback system. Results: Respiration rate, thoracic amplitude, and mean heart rate decreased in RB compared with UB, but there was no change in HRV. Respiration rate in BCM and DB was lower than that in UB or RB, and the amplitude of thorax or abdomen, and HRV all increased (p Conclusion: BCM, just concentrating mentally on breathing with counting each breath, can increase HRV with less sympathetic activation, while DB, actively moving thorax and abdomen for achieving the deepest respiration rate, can greatly raise HRV with the maintenance of mean vagal or sympathetic tone.
Smallholder farming styles and development policy in South Africa: The case of Dzindi Irrigation Scheme

Abstract Diversity among smallholders farming 1.28 ha plots at Dzindi Irrigation Scheme in the Thulamela Local Municipality of Limpopo Province, South Africa is investigated by applying farming style theory. Farming styles refer to specific farming strategies, which are conscious responses of farmers to the prevailing ecological and socio-economic conditions. The specific objectives of the study were to identify and characterize styles of farming in the Dzindi community of smallholders, to provide an understanding of the different styles from a smallholder perspective, and to interpret the meaning of the findings for smallholder development policy. Data collection involved both quantitative and qualitative methods. Three main farming styles were identified, and in each of these farmers employed particular strategies, which were congruent with their farming objectives, and which represented different degrees of exposure to risk evidenced by the crop selection, the amount of land they planted, the service providers they used with specific reference to land preparation, the social networks they maintained, especially with regard to marketing produce, the labour they hired and the farming requisites they purchased and utilised. The findings suggest that the response by farmers in the different styles to contemporary agricultural and related policy aimed at their empowerment and commercialisation is unlikely to be uniform, and this is expected to dilute the impact of policy measures in support of specific development trajectories.
Microflora of biofilm on Algerian dairy processing lines: An approach to improve microbial quality of pasteurized milk

Bacterial contamination of pasteurized milk may originate from different sources: raw milk, process equipment surfaces and packaging materials. It is hypothesized that post-pasteurization contamination along the milk processing lines is responsible of reducing shelf life of Algerian pasteurized milk. This assumption was investigated through assessment of both the microflora of biofilms in milk pipeline systems at five dairy plants of Northwestern Algeria and the effectiveness of a quaternary ammonium based compound used for the disinfection of the plant equipment. Samples were collected before and after cleaning-in-place (CIP) systems from different segments of pasteurization lines with sterile cotton swabs. Quantitative assessment showed little reduction of the total bacteria count after CIP. On the average bacterial numbers were 5.6 × 103, 1.2 × 104, 5.1 × 104, 2.5 × 105 and 9.7 × 107 cfu/cm2, respectively, in the different units. Phenotypic identification of isolates revealed predominance of Gram-positive bacilli belonging to Bacillus and notably the Bacillus cereus group, at maximal levels of 72 and 21% respectively. The other Gram-positive microflora included Staphylococcus (30%) andMicrococcus (10%). In contrast, the incidence of the Gram-negative bacteria was relatively low. Two genera, identified as Pseudomonas (9%) and Enterobacter (6%), were found only in two dairies. Three dairies were Gram-negative bacteria-free. That should be the result of common contamination sources or highly environmental selective pressure. Further studies have to address these hypotheses. Treatment of experimental Bacillus cereus sensu lato strains biofilms with a 50, 100 and 150 ppm of quaternary ammonium disinfectant, showed a significant resistance of biofilms to this product even after long exposure time (15 min). This study emphasized the importance of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in dairy-processing equipment as they are able to built recalcitrant biofilms on the inside equipment surfaces with subsequent resistance to conventional CIP system and potential transfer to pasteurized milk. Therefore, in order to reduce the contamination levels of spore-forming bacteria and improve the quality and shelf life of the product, these dairies have, besides improvement in the hygienic status of the plant equipments, also to monitor either the pasteurization process or the contamination from raw material (that is, milk powder). Key words: Milk contamination, pasteurization, biofilm, cleaning-in-place (CIP).
Farmers doing it for themselves: how farmer-inventors are frustrated by their interactions with the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System

Notwithstanding recent policy commitments to formally involve farmers in innovation through initiatives such as the European Innovation Partnership (EIP-AGRI), the traditional perspective of the policy and academic literature in Europe has been that agricultural innovations are provided by others for farmers to adopt. In this context there has been relatively little research on the approaches of farmers who independently invent useful products and processes for themselves. This paper presents an analysis of Irish farmers’ inventing processes as a form of user innovation, using data generated from in-depth interviews with farmer-inventors and semi-structured interviews with key informants from agricultural organisations. The farmer-inventors mostly use tacit knowledge and practical skills to create their inventions with the objective of increasing efficiency as a means to improving family farm viability. Farmer-inventors with entrepreneurial intentions were less inclined to share their ideas freely and described financial and temporal constraints in commercialising their inventions. The Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) concept was used to frame an analysis of farmer-inventors’ interactions with innovation support organisations from the perspective of the farmers themselves. This allowed appraisal of the Irish AKIS’ support of farmer-led innovation relating to the positioning, visibility, and representation of farmers’ knowledge, inventions, and networks. This study contributes new knowledge about user innovation in European agriculture as EIP-AGRI co-production structures become established. It is proposed that farmers are a hitherto underappreciated source of independent knowledge and inventions in agricultural development and are poorly supported by AKIS institutions.
Scale interactions and scaling laws in rotating flows at moderate Rossby numbers and large Reynolds numbers

The effect of rotation is considered to become important when the Rossby number is sufficiently small, as is the case in many geophysical and astrophysical flows. Here we present direct numerical simulations to study the effect of rotation in flows with moderate Rossby numbers (down to Ro~0.1) but at Reynolds numbers large enough to observe the beginning of a turbulent scaling at scales smaller than the energy injection scale. We use coherent forcing at intermediate scales, leaving enough room in the spectral space for an inverse cascade of energy to also develop. We analyze the spectral behavior of the simulations, the shell-to-shell energy transfer, scaling laws, and intermittency, as well as the geometry of the structures in the flow. At late times, the direct transfer of energy at small scales is mediated by interactions with the largest scale in the system, the energy containing eddies with k_perp~1, where "perp" refers to wavevectors perpendicular the axis of rotation. The transfer between modes with wavevector parallel to the rotation is strongly quenched. The inverse cascade of energy at scales larger than the energy injection scale is non-local, and energy is transferred directly from small scales to the largest available scale. Also, as time evolves and the energy piles up at the large scales, the intermittency of the direct cascade of energy is preserved while corrections due to intermittency are found to be the same (within error bars) as in homogeneous turbulence.
Managing Failures in IP Networks Using SDN Controllers by Adding Module to OpenFlow

The creation of networks based on software-defined networking (SDN) are becoming complex to distribute to all cities and it is very difficult to configure individual routing components and routing path using traditional components. So an easy way to manage the network components and routing is needed. SDN is the latest area which separates the network components to two planes – Data Plane and Control Plane. By this separation the logic of operation of network devices can be far separated at different place in Control plane. By considering the above situation a new configuration is made possible to centralized control over the global view of network with improved architecture will be considered. This paper produces a solution on a distributed hierarchical control plane as a Orion to verify the feasibility of the hybrid hierarchical approach.
Toward an integrated approach to industry dynamics and labor mobility

Industrial dynamics and labor mobility are two fields of economic research that have developed fast in recent years, but along what are essentially separate lines. This article shows that the processes those two fields deal with can be highly interdependent, and discusses the usefulness of, and the opportunity for, an integrated approach to the dynamics of industries and labor mobility. It concludes with a list of questions that inform a research agenda dedicated to such approach. Copyright 2009 , Oxford University Press.
Proximate and nutrient composition of three types of indigenous edible wild mushrooms grown in Tanzania and their utilization prospects

In Tanzania wild edible mushrooms collected during the rainy season have broad cultural acceptance and constitute a traditionally very important nutritious food. However, their assessment as food, which is based on their chemical analysis, has not been adequately studied and documented. The objective of the study was to determine the proximate nutritive potential of three indigenous edible wild mushrooms namely Coprinus cinereus, (Schaeff) S. Gray s.lat. , Pleurotus flabellatus, (Berk and Br.) Sacc. and Volvariella volvaceae (Bull.ex.Fr) Singer, grown on composted solid sisal decortication residues. Standard procedures were used to determine the proximate chemical composition of dried samples of domesticated indigenous edible wild mushrooms. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the mineral element composition. The results were compared using an analysis of variance test. There were significant differences in the proximate nutritive values of the three edible mushrooms (p>0.05). Despite differences in the chemical composition of the three indigenous edible mushroom species, the overall nutritional potential of the three mushroom species was quite good. Furthermore, the overall results indicated that the fruit bodies of the three native mushrooms studied have nutrient qualities similar to other cultivated exotic edible mushrooms, and a higher protein content than many cereals and vegetables. The results on a dry weight basis demonstrated significant amounts of protein, vitamin C and minerals, ranging from 17-28 %, 33-55 mg/100g and 5.2-3232 mg/100g, respectively. Furthermore crude fibre ranged between 6.6-11 % and carbohydrate, at 50-62 %, both of which were found to be relatively high. All three species were low in fat content, with a range of 1 to 3.3 %, and energy value (calculated), 302-313 kcal/100g. These results indicated that the studied mushrooms have good nutritive value for human beings. The fact that the domesticated mushrooms were grown using locally adapted biotechnology increases the likelihood of their incorporation in the diet as a food item contributing protein, vitamin C and mineral nutrients. The high crude fibre and low fat content are also important from a nutritional perspective. The researchers believe that it would be appropriate to popularise the utilization of the three mushrooms as unconventional protein rich food sources to supplement the traditional cereal Tanzanian based diet, aimed at combating the problem of protein malnutrition in Tanzania in particular and in developing counties in general. Key words : Proximate composition, Wild edible mushrooms