Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Common EGFR, BRAF, KRAS Mutations and Prognosis in Advanced Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Response to the Treatment in Turkey.

The aim of the study was to evaluate EGFR (exon 19 deletion, exon 21 L858R point mutation), KRAS and braf mutation rates besides their relationship with survival and response to the treatment in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated 513 NSCLC patients followed-up between January 2004 and November 2009 according to our registration data, retrospectively. Only 42 advanced stage NSCLC patients had enough tumor tissue material in paraffin blocks for all mutation analysis. The patients were evaluated retrospectively for clinicopathological features, EGFR, KRAS and BRAF mutations, erlotinib treatment, time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS). Mutation rates were as 7.14% (two patients) for EGFR exon 19 deletion; 4.76% (one patient)for KRAS codon 61 deletion and 2.38% for BRAF V600E mutation. They had neither EGFR exon 21 point mutation nor different mutations together. Median follow-up was 26 months (5-83) for all patients. It was 43 months (23-83) for the patients who had erlotinib and 23 months (5-61) for those who did not. Ten (23.8%) patients had erlotinib. There was significant survival difference between the patients taking erlotinib and the others (28 ± 3 months versus 15 ± 4 months, p= 0.05). TTP and OS were longer in the patients who had mutations, however the difference was not significant (p= 0.119 and p= 0.06). To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating EGFR, KRAS and BRAF mutations in advanced stage NSCLC in Turkey .
On Influential Nodes Tracking in Dynamic Social Networks

Real world marketing campaign utilizing the word-of-mouth effect usually lasts a long time, where multiple sets of influential users need to be mined and targeted at different times to fully utilize the power of viral marketing. As both social network structure and strength of influence between individuals evolve constantly, it requires to track the influential nodes under a dynamic setting. To address the above problem, we explore the Influential Node Tracking (INT) problem as an extension to the traditional Influence Maximization problem under dynamic social networks. While Influence Maximization problem aims at identifying a set of k nodes to maximize the joint influence under one static network, INT problem focuses on tracking a set of influential nodes that keeps maximizing the influence as the network evolves. Utilizing the smoothness of the evolution of the network structure, we propose an efficient algorithm, Upper Bound Interchange Greedy (UBI) to solve the INT problem. Instead of constructing the seed set from the ground, we start from the influential seed set we find previously and implement node replacement to improve the influence coverage. Furthermore, by using a fast update method to maintain an upper bound on the node replacing gain, our algorithm can scale to dynamic social networks with millions of nodes. Empirical experiments on three real large-scale dynamic social networks show that our UBI algorithm achieves better performance in terms of both influence coverage and running
Histologic Classification Epidemiology Staging System Patient Evaluation Treatment of Early Disease Treatment of Stage-III Disease Treatment of Stage-IV Disease Salvage Therapy Complications of Treatment

Although there have been many advances in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease, diagnosis of the disease still rests on the identification of the Reed-Sternberg cell. This distinctive, though nonspecific, cell was first described by Sternberg in 1898 and further elucidated by Reed in 1902. In most biopsies, the Reed-Sternberg cell accounts for only 1% of the cells present, with the remainder consisting of lymphocytes, granulocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, and fibroblasts
Papillomavirus DNA in human tongue carcinomas

Seven biopsies from different carcinomas of the tongue were analyzed for human papilloma virus (HPV) sequences by Southern blot analysis. After hybridization with various types of human papilloma viruses, 1 tumors were found to be positive. Whereas DNA from one tumor hybridized with HPY 2 DNA under conditions of high stringency, the 2 other positive biopsies contained HPV 16 DNA. All positive tumors revealed high copy numbers of the respective DNA. The cleavage pattern of the HPV‐2‐positive tumor differed from the established HPV 2 prototypes. Minor differences from the HPV 16 prototype were also noted in one of the HPV‐16‐positive tongue carcinomas.
A narrative exploration of older people's transitions into residential care

Objectives: Moving into residential care has been argued to be a significant life transition for older people, often resulting in stress and anxiety. This research aimed to explore qualitatively older people's experiences of this transition, including how relocation is reflected upon and incorporated into their personal narratives. Method: Eight older adults (65–97 years) living in a residential facility for between three and 12 months participated in interviews focussed on their experiences of relocating to a residential care home. Results: Narrative analysis revealed that rather than depicting time bound stages of transition, participants’ experiences reflected key plots of ‘control’, ‘power’, ‘identity’ and ‘uncertainty’ interwoven throughout their narratives. Participants experienced some difficulties in incorporating this transition into their life stories. Furthermore, participants discussed not feeling confident in their decision to move, living in constant fear of losing their memory, and limited expectations for their future. Conclusion: Professionals should move away from considering transition as a stage-based process ending in acceptance, instead focussing on how residents perceive relocation in relation to previous life experiences, unspoken fears evoked by moving and how the environment and relationships with staff may be altered to assist residents in maintaining their identity and sense of control.
Reconstruction of the Hand with Free Microneurovascular Toe-to-Hand Transfer: Experience with 54 Toe Transfers

Over a period of 6 years, 54 toe-to-hand transfers were performed, 24 for thumb and 30 for finger reconstruction. Refinements in evaluation, preparation, and surgical technique are detailed. Forty-nine toes (90.7 percent) survived. Exploration was required for circulatory compromise following 13 transfers (34.2 percent), to good effect in 9 (69.2 percent). Secondary surgery was performed in 26 cases, consisting of tendolysis, osteotomy, and deepening of the first web space. Review was undertaken at an average of 1 year and 9 months after transfer. Power grip averaged 28.5 percent of the normal hand and pinch strength 26.6 percent, great toe transfer giving 35.7 percent and second toe transfer to thumb giving 15.6 percent strength compared with normal. Static two-point discrimination of less than 10 mm was present in 37.5 percent of those studied under 2 years after surgery and in 75 percent of those studied more than 2 years later. The choice of procedure for thumb reconstruction is discussed in detail, as are supplementary skin cover, vascular considerations, and the high exploration rate.
Design and performance of a cm-scale shrouded wind turbine for energy harvesting

A miniature shrouded wind turbine aimed at energy harvesting for power delivery to wireless sensors in pipes and ducts is presented. The device has a rotor diameter of 2 cm, with an outer diameter of 3.2 cm, and generates electrical power by means of an axial flux permanent magnet machine built into the shroud. Fabrication was accomplished using a combination of traditional machining, rapid prototyping, and flexible printed circuit board technology for the generator stator, with jewel bearings providing low friction and start up speed. Prototype devices can operate at air speeds down to 3 m/s, and deliver between 80 μW and 2.5 mW of electrical power at air speeds in the range 3 m/s to 7 m/s. Experimental turbine performance curves, obtained by wind tunnel testing and corrected for bearing losses using data obtained in separate vacuum rundown tests, are compared with the predictions of an elementary blade element momentum (BEM) model. The two show reasonable agreement at low tip speed ratios. However, in experiments where a maximum could be observed, the maximum power coefficient (~9%) is marginally lower than predicted by the BEM model and occurs at a lower than predicted tip speed ratio of around 0.6.
Immunocytochemical Identification of Oestrogen Receptors in the Ovine Pars Tuberalis: Localization Within Gonadotrophs

The pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary gland shows dense binding of melatonin and consequently this region may be involved in modulating seasonal reproduction. Oestrogen is well established as a critical gonadal steroid in controlling seasonally via its ability to alter luteinizing hormone (LH) release. Using immunocytochemistry techniques with antibodies specific for the oestrogen receptor (ER) and the ovine βLH (oβLH) subunit, we have identified large populations of ER‐immunoreactive (‐IR) and LH‐IR cells in the anteroventral region of the ovine PT. In contrast, few ER‐ or LH‐IR cells were identified in the anterodorsal or posterior regions of the PT. Double‐labelling experiments revealed that all ER‐IR cells in the PT are also immunoreactive for LH. These results show that cells immunoreactive for the ER are concentrated in the anteroventral aspect of the PT and that these receptors are located in the nuclei of the PT gonadotrophs. These results suggest that the anteroventral PT, a region which also expresses high melatonin binding, may be a site of integrated oestrogen and melatonin action on LH secretion from the PT.
Hematopoietic stem cell emergence in the conceptus and the role of Runx 1

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are functionally defined as cells that upon transplantation into irradiated or otherwise immunocompromised adult organisms provide long-term reconstitution of the entire hematopoietic system. They emerge in the vertebrate conceptus around midgestation. Genetic studies have identified a number of transcription factors and signaling molecules that act at the onset of hematopoiesis, and have begun to delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of HSCs. One molecule that has been a particularly useful marker of this developmental event in multiple species is Runx1 (also known as AML1, Pebp2α). Runx1 is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, that along with its homologues Runx2 and Runx3 and their shared non-DNA binding subunit CBFβ, constitute a small family of transcription factors called core-binding factors (CBFs). Runx1 is famous for its role in HSC emergence, and notorious for its involvement in leukemia, as chromosomal rearrangements and inactivating mutations in the human RUNX1 gene are some of the most common events in de novo and therapy-related acute myelogenous leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Here we will review the role of Runx1 in HSC emergence in the mouse conceptus and describe some of the genetic pathways that operate upstream and downstream of this gene. Where relevant, we will include data obtained from other species and embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation cultures.
Ecuador's Silent Health Reform

Health sector reform was implemented in many Latin American countries in the 1980s and 1990s, leading to reduced public expenditure on health, limitations on public provision for disease control, and a minimum package of services, with concomitant growth of the private sector. At first sight, Ecuador appeared to follow a different pattern: no formal reform was implemented, despite many plans to reform the Ministry of Health and social health insurance. The authors conducted an in-depth review and analysis of published and gray literature on the Ecuadorian health sector from 1990 onward. They found that although neoliberal reform of the health sector was not openly implemented, many of its typical elements are present: severe reduction of public budgets, “universal” health insurance with limited coverage for targeted groups, and contracting out to private providers. The health sector remains segmented and fragmented, explaining the population's poor health status. The leftist Correa government has prepared an excellent long-term plan to unite services of the Ministry of Health and social security, but implementation is extremely slow. In conclusion, the health sector in Ecuador suffered a “silent” neoliberal reform. President Correa's progressive government intends to reverse this, increasing public budgets for health, but hesitates to introduce needed radical changes.
Electrically Induced Contraction Levels of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscles in Healthy Men: The Effects of Three Patterns of Burst-Modulated Alternating Current and Volitional Muscle Fatigue

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare electrically induced contraction levels produced by three patterns of alternating current in fatigued and nonfatigued skeletal muscles. Design: Eighteen male volunteers without health conditions, with a mean (SD) age of 24.9 (3.4) yrs were randomly exposed to a fatiguing volitional isometric quadriceps contraction and one of three patterns of 2.5-KHz alternating current; two were modulated at 50 bursts per second (10% burst duty cycle with five cycles per burst and 90% burst duty cycle with 45 cycles per burst), and one pattern was modulated at 100 bursts per second (10% burst duty cycle with 2.5 cycles per burst). The electrically induced contraction levels produced by the three patterns of electrical stimulation were compared before and after the fatiguing contraction. Results: The 10% burst duty cycles produced 42.9% (95% confidence interval, 29.1%–56.7%) and 32.1% (95% confidence interval, 18.2%–45.9%) more muscle force (P < 0.001) than did the 90% burst duty cycle pattern. There was no significant interaction effect (P = 0.392) of electrical stimulation patterns and fatigue on the electrically induced contraction levels. Conclusions: The lower burst duty cycle (10%) patterns of electrical stimulation produced stronger muscle contractions. Furthermore, the stimulation patterns had no influence on the difference in muscle force before and after the fatiguing quadriceps contraction. Consequently, for clinical applications in which high forces are desired, the patterns using the 10% burst duty cycle may be helpful.
Curriculum orientations of pre-service teachers in Jordan: a required reform initiative for professional development

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the curriculum orientations of pre-service teachers at a university in Jordan. Rigorous translation procedures were utilized to validate an Arabic version of the Curriculum Orientation Inventory (COI) for use in Jordan. The validated COI was administered to a sample of 259 pre-service teachers who were enrolled in the teacher education program offered by the Hashemite University. Principle axis factoring with oblique rotation resulted in a latent factor structure highly consistent with the English version of the COI. Results also indicated that pre-service teachers valued all the curriculum orientations to various degrees. In more specific terms, they highly valued the Cognitive Process orientation followed by the Social Reconstruction orientation and the Humanistic orientation. Lastly, gender differences were detected only for the Cognitive Process orientation with males valuing this orientation higher than did females.
Membrane organization in G‐protein mechanisms

A prevailing view of receptor and G‐protein function in cells includes random collisions between the proteins with a great specificity at the sites of protein‐protein interaction. Recent evidence suggests that receptors, G‐proteins, and effectors may be less mobile and that these systems are more highly organized than previously appreciated. Several types of evidence suggest that receptors do not have free access to all G‐protein with which they are capable of coupling. Also, the specificity of signaling in intact cells appears to be significantly greater than in reconstituted systems. The distribution and mobility of G‐proteins in cells are restricted to a surprising degree. Thus, complex interactions of the receptors and G‐proteins with their effectors and cell membrane machinery appear to play an important role in their function. A full understanding of G‐protein‐coupled receptors must include a better description of the organization of these systems in cell membranes. Possible roles for noncoated pits (caveolae) and a novel pleckstrin homology domain need to be examined. — Neubig, R. R. Membrane organization in G‐protein mechanisms. FASEB J. 8: 939‐946; 1994.
Dementia, asymmetry of temporal lobe structures, and Apolipoprotein E genotype: Relationships to cerebral atrophy and neuropsychological impairment

We examined asymmetry of hippocampal volume as well as other temporal lobe structures (temporal lobe, temporal horn of the lateral ventricular system, parahippocampal and fusiform gyri) in 194 subjects from the Cache County, Utah study, with varying disorders [85 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 59 with some cognitive or neuropsychiatric disorder—referenced as a Mixed Neuropsychiatric group, 30 with mild ambiguous/mild cognitive impairment (MA/MCI) and 20 controls] and APOE genotypes. Asymmetry was determined by subtracting left-side volume from the right corrected by total intracranial volume. No significant asymmetry was observed to be associated with presence of the ε4 allele. Since the AD-ε4 allele risk effect may be expressed early in the course of the disorder, we also examined asymmetry indices in AD, MA/MCI and Mixed Neuropsychiatric subjects early in the course of their disorder (2 years or less) to those with longer duration illness (greater than 2 years). We observed a leftward asymmetry (i.e., left side larger) regardless of APOE genotype in hippocampal volume where both AD and MCI subjects demonstrated a leftward shift in hippocampal size when length of disease (LOD) was less but not more than 2 years. Leftward asymmetry was not associated with LOD in the Mixed Neuropsychiatric group. These findings do not support an association between ε4 and hippocampal asymmetry in dementia. We also examined whether asymmetry influenced neuropsychological performance, but minimal effects were observed. Where significance or strong trends were observed, better neuropsychological performance was associated with larger parenchymal volume of temporal lobe structures. These findings were interpreted as representing cognitive reserve effects where larger volume was protective against impairment. The role of asymmetry research in understanding neuropsychological performance in dementia is discussed. (JINS, 2002, 8, 925–933.)
Brillouin Rectangular Optical Filter With Improved Selectivity and Noise Performance

We demonstrate a high selectivity rectangular optical filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect in fiber with bandwidth from 1 to 3 GHz. By using pump-splitting dual-stage configuration, the filter selectivity has been improved by more than 16 dB and exceeded 40 dB within 2-GHz bandwidth. The filter shape is well controlled by using precise digital feedback compensation and nonlinearity management. We also analyze the noise performance of both the single-stage and dual-stage filters by evaluating the signal-to-noise ratio of the amplified signal using coherent detection. The results show that the dual-stage approach performs better than the single-stage architecture in achieving higher selectivity and improving noise performance. The inherent tuning flexibility with improved performance makes the proposed SBS filter one of the best candidates for microwave photonic applications.
Blowing up Solution of Initial-Boundary Value Problem for a Kind of Nonlinear Evolution Equations

This dissertation is to discuss the initial-boundary value problem under the third nonlinear boundary condition for a kind of nonlinear evolution equations. To apply the maximum value theory and convex functional method£it is proved that the blowing up of solution in the definite time under some assumed conditions. The conclusion popularizes the results of references [Zhongwei Zha(2003)-Zhongwei Zha(2010)].
Public Perceptions of Domestic Cats and Preferences for Feral Cat Management in the Southeastern United States

ABSTRACT Populations of feral domestic cats and free-roaming, owned cats have increased throughout the United States, affecting wildlife and public health and warranting attention from a variety of management agencies. The contentious issue of feral cat management requires a greater understanding of public attitudes towards cats and preferences. We used an anonymous internet survey of randomly selected Athens-Clarke County, Georgia households to identify general public perceptions of domestic cats and preferences for cat management. We examined factors that may influence attitudes towards cats, and management including: knowledge about cats, experiences with cats and demographic variables. Results indicate that more residents have positive experiences with feral cats than negative, cat owners have greater knowledge of cats than non-cat owners, and animal welfare or conservation organization membership has a significant effect on attitudes towards cats. A majority of survey respondents agreed that more effective feral cat management is needed yet did not approve of trap-neuter-release (TNR) legislation recently passed in Athens-Clarke County. Logistic regression revealed that residents' attitudes were found to be more important than experiences or knowledge in supporting cat management legislation. Cat sanctuaries were found to be the most acceptable option to reduce feral cat populations (56%), followed by TNR (49%) and capturing and euthanizing cats (44%).
Neuroendocrine pathways of addictive behaviour

Alcohol intake is known to modulate plasma concentrations of neuroendocrine peptides. However, recent results suggest that the endocrine system may not only respond passively to alcohol intake but that, vice versa, it also actively modulates alcohol intake behaviour. The most coherent body of data concerns the hypothalamo ‐ pituitary ‐ adrenocortical (HPA) axis, with low corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) being associated with more intense craving and increased probability of relapse after acute detoxification. Leptin, β‐endorphin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which indirectly regulate the HPA system, also may modulate the intensity of craving or the intensity of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Although most of the currently available data demonstrate association rather than causality between neuroendocrine changes and alcohol‐related behaviours, they do provide testable hypotheses and open up perspectives of treating alcohol dependence via manipulation of the neuroendocrine axis.
AS TÉCNICAS DE MODELAGEM PLANA E MOULAGE E SUAS APLICAÇÕES NA INDÚSTRIA DO VESTUÁRIO

O objetivo do artigo foi analisar duas formas de realizar modelagem, plana e moulage , afim analisar suas formas de desenvolvimento. Atraves desse estudo compreender as particularidades de cada tecnica e a necessidade da utilizacao de ambas no processo produtivo da cadeia do vestuario para otimizar a producao.