Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Coupled Model Study of Tropical Atlantic Variability

Abstract A hybrid coupled model (HCM) is used to explore the underlying dynamics governing tropical Atlantic variability (TAV) and the dynamic regime that may be most relevant to TAV. By coupling an empirical atmospheric feedback model to an ocean GCM, the authors have conducted a detailed investigation on the potential importance of an unstable ocean–atmosphere interaction between wind-induced heat flux and sea surface temperature (SST) in driving decadal climate variability in the tropical Atlantic basin. The investigation consists of a systematic parameter sensitivity study of the hybrid coupled model. It is shown that in a strong coupling regime the local air–sea feedbacks can support a self-sustained decadal oscillation that exhibits strong cross-equatorial SST gradient and meridional wind variability. An upper-ocean heat budget analysis suggests that the oscillation results from an imbalance between the positive and negative feedbacks in the model. The dominant negative feedback that counteracts the.
Stress sensitivity assays of bacteriophages associated with Staphylococcus aureus, causal organism of bovine mastitis

Bacteriophages can provide an alternative measure for the control of Staphylococcus aureus, the major causal agent for bovine mastitis. This study looked at the sensitivity of six phages towards simulated environmental and formulation stresses. Phages Sabp-P1, Sabp-P2 and Sabp-P3 showed the most stable replication rates at increasing temperatures (45 to 70oC), in comparison to phages Sabp-P4, Sabp-P5 and Sabp-P6. The effect of temperature on storage of phages showed that 4oC was the minimum temperature at which phages could be stored without a significant reduction in their lytic and replication abilities. Furthermore, all phages showed varying levels of sensitivity to chloroform exposure, with Sabp-P5 exhibiting the highest level of reduction in activity (74.23%) in comparison to the other phages. All six phages showed optimal lytic ability at pH 6 to 7 and reduced activity at any pH above or below pH 6 to 7. Exposure of phages to varying glycerol concentrations (5 to 100%) produced variable results. All six phages were most stable at a glycerol concentration between 10 to 15%. Three of the six isolated phages, Sabp-P1, Sabp-P2 and Sabp-P3, performed optimally during the in vitro assays and have considerable potential for in vivo applications to treat mastitis-infected dairy cattle.
HR practices to Affective commitment: Through active knowledge and skill use.

The link between HR practices and affective commitment is widely accepted by theorists, but the specifics of how they are connected are still weakly grounded. Theorists find differing results when empirically testing similar grounds, suggesting there are conditions that moderate this relationship that are yet to be determined. Through a combination of theories and ideologies including self-determination theory, need satisfaction, Service-dominant logic and Intellectual capital (IC), this paper attempts to answer the research question “What Employee level variables moderate the positive relationship between HR practices and affective commitment? ” 4 hypotheses of moderating variables that attribute to the relationship at hand are proposed, drawing from IC theory resource typologies; Human capital, Organizational capital and Social capital, and a model is created to present their placement in the chain between HR practices and Affective commitment. The implications, limitations and opportunities further research are discussed.
Descobriment experimental de les partícules estranyes i construcció teòrica del concepte d'estranyesa (1947-1957)

El descobriment de les particules estranyes i la concrecio del model destranyesa, que permet avancar cap el model de quarks, ha estat poc tractat pels historiadors de la fisica, els quals han centrat els seus esforcos en daltres fites importants que compteixen en temps i espais amb el descobriment daquestes particules: lasssentament de la QED, el descobriment del pio i la seva relacio amb les forces nuclears, lescalada energetica dels acceleradors. La historiografia parla copiosament del desenvolupament de la fisica nuclear en les decades 30 i 40, del treball en els laboratoris i de lestudi de la natura dels raigs cosmics. A partir daqui, pero, es passa a la Big Science, al treball als grans acceleradors que en un primer moment sincriuen a la recerca nuclear i, tot seguit, a la fisica de particules. Aquesta tesi preten comencar a omplir aquest buit. Lestudi que ens ocupa, en ell mateix, ofereix a la historia de la ciencia un exemple de proces microhistoric de descobriments multiples, mancats de prediccio teorica i que abasten una decada sencera (1947-1957). Pero mes enlla de la seva singularitat, el proces de descobriment i teoritzacio de les particules estranyes pot servir de pont per entendre la transicio dels laboratoris de radioactivitat i fisica nuclear del periode dentreguerres als laboratoris organitzats al voltant dels grans acceleradors, o la transicio de la fisica nuclear a la fisica de particules. Es per tot aixo que creiem que no es pot menystenir la seva contribucio.
STUDY OF THE MICROBIOTA CAUSING "BLOWN PACK" SPOILAGE OF VACUUM-PACKED BEEF

SUMMARY "Blown pack" spoilage is characterized by abundant production of gas and off-odor leading to swelling of the packing of vacuum-packed chilled meat cuts. The aim of this study was to determine possible microorganisms involved in this spoilage by quantifying and characterizing the population of Enterobacteriaceae, quantifying lactic-acid bacteria, as well as researching Clostridium estertheticum and Clostridium gasigenes by PCR in meat proper for consumption and meat presenting "blown pack" spoilage. Fifty-four vacuum-packed meat cuts were analyzed, of which 27 were spoiled and 27 non-spoiled. Average enterobacteria population was 1.7x10 6 CFU/mL and 5.5x10 3 CFU/mL for spoiled and nonspoiled samples, respectively. Average lactic-acid bacteria population was 5.5x10 8 and 1.0x10 5 CFU/mL for spoiled and non-spoiled samples, respectively. The most prevalent enterobacteria species was Hafnia alvei. Meat showing “blown pack” spoilage had higher frequency of positive samples for Clostridium estertheticum. No statistically significant difference was observed in the population of Clostridium gasigenes between "blown pack" spoilage and non-spoiled meat. It was concluded that the most efficient method to control "blown pack" spoilage is to prevent meat contamination by fecal material.
Dynamic Performance Simulation of Hydraulic Transmission for Low Speed Vertical Axis Marine Current Turbine Using MATLAB Simulink

For Malaysia, ocean energy can be the best resource of green marine renewable energy. This is for the reason, the generation of the electricity by burning of fossil fuels produces undesired greenhouse gases and moreover the reserves of fossil fuels are being depleted and there is no accurate way to determine how much still remains. Turbines using hydraulic drive are being used for generating electricity by some manufacturers in the wind industry as an alternative to gearbox drive-trains because of reliability issues. Likewise, in the marine renewable sector, hydraulic-drive is an attractive option in terms of improved system efficiency, reliability and robustness. This paper presents a time domain simulation of hydraulic transmissions for Low Speed Vertical Axis Marine Current Turbines (VACT) using MATLAB Simulink software. These turbines are applied to harness marine current energy because of their relative simplicity and represent a promising technology to exploit low speed currents due to their small plants with reduced installation and maintenance costs.
Calf mortality of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the Finnish reindeer-herding area

During 1999-2008 calf mortality was studied in six reindeer-herding cooperatives in Northern Finland, where 3942 semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves were equipped with radio mortality collars. The calves were weighed and earmarked mostly at 2-5 days of age, or at 2-8 weeks of age. Altogether 460 dead radio-collared calves were found from calving in May until winter round-ups in October-January. In northern mountain herding cooperatives, the average mortality of calves varied between 7-12%. On average, 39-54% of calves found dead were attributed to predation. Golden eagles killed 0-3.5% of calves in different years and areas in Ivalo and Kasivarsi cooperatives. Golden eagles were responsible for 33-43% of the cases and 84-93% of all identified predation. Most calves killed by golden eagles were found in July-August and in open areas. Calves killed by golden eagles were significantly (P<0.01) lighter than those not predated. No predation occurred in the Poikajarvi cooperative, but the annual mortality of calves varied between 0-35% in cooperatives near the Russian border. In Oivanki cooperative brown bears killed on average 2% of the radio-collared calves. Most predation (87%) occurred at the end of May and in early June. In the Kallioluoma cooperative, predator-killed calves found comprised 53% and wolf-killed 45%. Predation was 70% of total mortality in the Halla cooperative, and predation by wolf, bear, lynx and wolverine comprised on average 38%, 20%, 9% and 2.3%, respectively. The sex and pelt color did not significantly affect survival of calves. Birth weight of calves killed by bears was significantly (P<0.01) lighter than those not killed, but those calves killed by lynxes were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than that survived. Bears killed calves mainly in May-July, wolves in July-October and lynx in August-December.
Clinical scores for risk stratification of chest pain patients in the emergency department: an updated systematic review

Chest pain is among the most common complaint presenting to the emergency departments (EDs) worldwide. The etiology of chest pain can range from benign to life threatening causes. Therefore, it is crucial to stratify chest pain patients based on risk for development of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in order to provide effective care and prevent overutilization of resources. Over the years, many risk stratification tools have been developed, among which, the History, Electrocardiogram (ECG), Age, Risk factors, and initial Troponin (HEART), Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI), and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scores are the most widely used. This systematic review aims to provide an up-to-date summary of the latest studies on clinical scores for risk stratification of chest pain patients presenting to the ED. We conducted a search of the literature in online databases PubMed and Embase. Our search was limited to articles published between 01 January 2012 and 25 September 2017. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the reported clinical scores were used for risk stratifying ED chest pain patients. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, and letters to the editor were excluded. Two independent reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full articles for the inclusion of studies. We retrieved a total of 514 articles from both databases and included 29 studies in this systematic review. The articles covered studies from over 20 countries, where more than 20 different risk scores and scoring methods were investigated. Among the various risk scores, the HEART, TIMI, GRACE, and heart rate variability (HRV)-based scores were the most widely implemented and discussed. We found that the HEART score was generally the top performer in identifying chest pain patients at high or low risk of developing MACE. Most HRV-based scoring methods had comparable performance to the HEART score while benefiting from faster score calculation without a need for laboratory testing. This could potentially be useful in accelerating existing chest pain protocols in the ED setting.
Sexual dimorphism in histological characteristics and contractility of the iliofibularis muscle in the lizard Sceloporus torquatus

The iliofibularis is a hindlimb muscle used in lizard locomotion that is composed of at least three types of fibres: fast-twitch-glycolytic (FG), fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic fibre (FOG) and slow-twitch-oxidative (SO). The striated skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue undergoing phenotypic change in response to activity. The lizard Sceloporus torquatus has sexual differences associated with microhabitat use, which can be reflected in the physiology and anatomy of the muscle, and thus, in our study, we analysed the morphological and contractile characteristics of the iliofibularis muscle (IF) of S. torquatus males and females. We found a larger prevalence of FOG compared with FG and SO fibres in the muscle of both sexes. We also found that males show larger areas of the three types of fibres, develop greater strength but also faster fatigue than females, suggesting that strength is a key functional feature that enables males to perform faster movements (but for shorter periods), associated with the demands of territoriality.
One step pre-hardening micropropagation of Bambusa balcooa Roxb.

Bamboo’s fast growth and ability to sequester atmospheric carbon consequently mitigate climate change.Abellon’s mission is to reduce CO2 from the environment by growing bamboo on marginal land and using this biomass for bioenergy. Bambusa balcooa Roxb. micropropagation protocol is established for a consistent supply of quality plantlets. Surface sterilization of nodal explants using 0.1% mercuric chloride followed by initiation in liquid and solid media with and without Gentamycin (3.0-8.0 mg/L) containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 0.01% myo-inositol, 3% sugar, 25 mg/L citrate 50 mg/L ascorbate, and 3.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) as growth regulator. Shoots were multiplied using MS medium augmented with 3% sugar, 6% agar, 0.01% myo-inositol with 3 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Shoot clusters were rooted in MS supplemented with 4 mg/L NAA, pre-hardened in half MS, acclimatized using coco peat, and vermicompost while at net house using vermicompost, soil, sand, and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) culture. 97% bud break was achieved from initiation while overall success ratio for establishment was 85%. Sub-culturing shoots showed proliferation rate of 3.5-fold. Rooting was successfully achieved with 83% rate.Acclimatization rate at primary and secondary hardening was 72%. The uniqueness of the study lies as bamboo confines to tropical region, however; we have described B. balcooa mass multiplication protocol using explants from arid region with one step pre-hardening process. The protocol achieved multiplication rate of 3.5-fold, overall survival rate 74.66% using vermicompost and VAM for acclimatization of B. balcooa.
Hemispheric dispersion of radioactive plume laced with fission nuclides from the Fukushima nuclear event

Radioactivities of particulate 131I and 137Cs released from the Fukushima nuclear accident were monitored in a regional aerosol network including two high mountain sites (central Taiwan and Tibetan Plateau). The results were integrated with data measured elsewhere around the world, with special focus on the mid‐latitudes. The hemispheric transport of the Fukushima radiation clouds (FRCs) by the westerlies took ∼18 days, displaying an exponential‐like decrease eastward, with a dilution factor of at least five orders of magnitude following a full circuit around the globe. The initial two waves of FRCs may travel at different atitudes: the first one at ∼3–4 km, whereas the second one up to 5 km or more. 131I and 137Cs were fractionated during transport, with 137Cs concentrated in the shallower layer, susceptible to depositional removal, while 131I moving faster and higher. This accident may be exemplified to identify some atmospheric processes on the hemispheric scale.
Dendroclimatic transfer functions revisited: Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period summer temperatures reconstructed using artificial neural networks and linear algorithms

Tree-rings tell of past climates. To do so, tree-ring chronologies comprising numerous climate-sensitive living- tree and subfossil time-series need to be "transferred" into palaeoclimate estimates using transfer functions. The pur- pose of this study is to compare different types of transfer functions, especially linear and nonlinear algorithms. Ac- cordingly, multiple linear regression (MLR), linear scaling (LSC) and artificial neural networks (ANN, nonlinear algo- rithm) were compared. Transfer functions were built using a regional tree-ring chronology and instrumental tempera- ture observations from Lapland (northern Finland and Swe- den). In addition, conventional MLR was compared with a hybrid model whereby climate was reconstructed separately for short- and long-period timescales prior to combining the bands of timescales into a single hybrid model. The fidelity of the different reconstructions was validated against instru- mental climate data. The reconstructions by MLR and ANN showed reliable reconstruction capabilities over the instru- mental period (AD 1802-1998). LCS failed to reach reason- able verification statistics and did not qualify as a reliable reconstruction: this was due mainly to exaggeration of the low-frequency climatic variance. Over this instrumental pe- riod, the reconstructed low-frequency amplitudes of climate variability were rather similar by MLR and ANN. Notably greater differences between the models were found over the actual reconstruction period (AD 802-1801). A marked tem- perature decline, as reconstructed by MLR, from the Me- dieval Warm Period (AD 931-1180) to the Little Ice Age (AD 1601-1850), was evident in all the models. This decline was approx. 0.5 C as reconstructed by MLR. Different ANN based palaeotemperatures showed simultaneous cooling of 0.2 to 0.5 C, depending on algorithm. The hybrid MLR did not seem to provide further benefit above conventional MLR in our sample. The robustness of the conventional MLR over the calibration, verification and reconstruction periods qual- ified it as a reasonable transfer function for our forest-limit (i.e., timberline) dataset. ANN appears a potential tool for other environments and/or proxies having more complex and noisier climatic relationships.
China & India as Africa's New Donors: The Impact of Aid on Development

Using a two-analytical framework and drawing on a wide range of secondary data, this article attempts to assess the likely impact of aid from China and India on the development of Africa. The framework treats aid as one of four main channels through which China and India influence the shape and performance of particular sectors and, through them, development outcomes. The first stage of analysis examines the varying patterns of Chinese and Indian aid and the multiple impacts such aid has on one key sector: manufacturing. The main findings from this level of analysis have to do with the differing patterns of Indian and Chinese aid, differences between Chinese and Indian aid, and aid from western countries, and the interconnections between the impact channels. India and China have different patterns of aid. India concentrates on non-monetary aid mainly in the form of technical assistance and scholarships, while China offers a wider range of monetary and non-monetary aid packages, which include grants and loans for infrastructure, plant and equipment, as well as scholarships, training opportunities, and technical assistance. Chinese monetary aid is tied to the use of Chinese goods and services, and requires adherence to the 'One China' policy, but does not carry the 'good governance' conditionalities that currently characterise western donors. The impact channels of trade, FDI, aid, and migration overlap to some degree, especially in the case of China. The line between FDI and aid is often blurred, as is the line between aid and trade. The second stage of the analysis looks at the implications of Chinese and Indian aid to manufacturing for development outcomes such as growth, distribution, governance, and environment. The analysis shows clearly that the potential impact of Chinese and Indian aid on Africa is significant, but that the actual effects of these emerging donors on particular countries depends to a large extent on the institutional and structural conditions of the recipients.
Uygulama Hakkındaki İnançları: Bir Durum Çalışması Preservice Science Teachers’ Beliefs about Application of Science Process Skills: A Case Study

Öz Bu çalışmanın amacı, fen bilgisi dersi öğretmen adaylarının bilimsel süreç becerilerine (BSB) yönelik inançlarının ve bu becerilerin uygulama dersi kapsamında yaptıkları ders anlatımları üzerinden uygulanabilirliğine yönelik inançlarının incelenmesidir. Durum çalışması yaklaşımı bu çalışmada kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları, uygulama dersini alan öğretmen adaylarıdır. Sonuçlar, öğretmen adaylarının BSB’leri öğretme konusunda yeterli olmadıklarını, fakat bu becerileri anlama konusunda gereken bilgi birikimine sahip olduklarını göstermiştir. 200 ders planının incelenmesi sonucunda toplam 77 ders planının öğretmen merkezli yaklaşımlara göre hazırlandığı ve genelde temel BSB’lerin geliştirilmesinin ders amaçları olarak belirlendiği bulunmuştur. Öğretmen adaylarının BSB’ler ve bunların uygulanabilirliği hakkındaki inançları, geliştirilen bir model ile gösterilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Bilimsel süreç becerileri, fen bilgisi öğretmen adayları, ilköğretim Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate preservice science teachers’ (PSTs) beliefs about scientific process skills (SPS) and application of SPS during microteaching session. A case study approach was used. Participants were elementary PSTs enrolled in the practice teaching in elementary education course. Findings revealed that PSTs were not proficient in teaching SPS to students, however, their beliefs about SPS were found as satisfactory. After examining 200 lesson plans, it was observed that 77 of the lesson plans were prepared based on teacher-centered teaching methods and included basic SPS in their lesson plans and tried to develop these skills in students. A model was developed to explain factors that may influence PSTs’ beliefs of SPS and their application.