Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Impacts of Urbanization on Regional Climate Change: A Case Study in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan Area

China has experienced rapid urbanization since 1978, and the dramatic change in land cover is expected to have significant impacts on the climate change. Some models have been used to simulate the relationship between land use and land cover change and climate change; however, there is still no sufficient evidence for the impacts of urbanization on the regional climate. This study aims to identify the impact of urban land use change on regional temperature and precipitation in summer in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan area during 2030–2040 based on the analysis of the simulation results of WRF model. Firstly, we analyzed the land use change and climate change during 1995–2005 in the study area. The impacts of future urbanization on regional climate change were then simulated. The results indicate that urbanization in this area has affected the regional climate and has the potential to increase temperature and precipitation in the summer of 2030–2040. These research results can offer decision-making support information related to future planning strategies in urban environments in consideration of regional climate change.
ECHMERIT V1.0 – a new global fully coupled mercury-chemistry and transport model

Abstract. Mercury is a global pollutant due to its long lifetime in the atmosphere. Its hemispheric transport patterns and eventual deposition are therefore of major concern. For the purpose of global atmospheric mercury chemistry and transport modelling the ECHMERIT model was developed. ECHMERIT, based on the global circulation model ECHAM5 differs from most global mercury models in that the emissions, chemistry (including general tropospheric chemistry and mercury chemistry), transport and deposition are coupled on-line to the GCM. The chemistry mechanism includes an online calculation of photolysis rate constants using the Fast-J photolysis mechanism, the CBM-Z tropospheric gas-phase mechanism and aqueous-phase chemistry based on the MECCA mechanism. Additionally, a mercury chemistry mechanism that incorporates gas and aqueous phase mercury chemistry is included. A detailed description of the model, including the wet and dry deposition modules, and the implemented emissions is given in this technical report. First model testing and evaluation show a satisfactory model performance for surface ozone and mercury mixing ratios (with a mean bias of 1.46 nmol/mol for ozone and a mean bias of 13.55 fmol/mol for TGM when compared with EMEP station data). Requirements regarding measurement data and emission inventories which could considerably improve model skill are discussed.
Development options in Heteropogon contortus grasslands in south-east Queensland: tree killing, legume oversowing and pasture replacement. 1. Pasture production and composition

This paper reports changes in pasture production and composition in response to development options in a black speargrass (Heteropogon contortus) community. The study commenced in 1972 in south-east Queensland and measured the effects of tree killing, siratro oversowing, pasture replacement and stocking rate. During Phase I (1972–77), summer rainfall was mostly above average, while in Phase II (1979–86) summer rainfall was mostly below average. Killing of trees effectively doubled pasture production with little change in species composition, whereas oversowing with siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum) brought dramatic changes in pasture composition. In the wetter years of Phase I, siratro increased to around 50% of pasture yield, with a corresponding decrease in speargrass and other native grasses, but in the drier years of Phase II, siratro decreased to 90% of available pasture during the drier years in Phase II. In years with good soil moisture in winter–spring, massive seasonal increases of nitrophilous species (e.g. Digitaria ciliaris, Conyza bonariensis) occurred as a result of the increased fertility from the siratro. This indicates a potential for other more productive species to exploit this environmental niche. Pasture utilisation rates remained 10% in Phase II, reaching 25% by the fi nal year (1986). The implications of these fi ndings for pasture management are discussed.
Sedation, Analgesia Delirium in the ECMO Patient

The goal of this chapter is to identify medications frequently utilized for sedation and analgesia in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) patients. In addition to describing basic pharmacologic principles of these medications, we discuss their benefits and disadvantages and explain the effects the ECMO circuitry will have on pharmacoki‐ netics of each drug. We also discuss need for various depths of sedation and the utility of neuromuscular blocking agents. Emerging techniques for achieving appropriate sedation will be identified. An explosion of literature in recent years has led to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) delirium increasingly being recognized as an indicator of poor outcomes in the general ICU population. We discuss strategies to manage this complex and multifactori‐ al issues, and how they can be applied to our particular subpopulation of ECMO patients.
Interpretation of wireline log data for reservoir characterization of the Rashidpur Gas Field, Bengal Basin, Bangladesh.

The study was embodied with quantitative analysis of petrophysical parameters of the gas zone to characterize the reservoirs in the Rashidpur well-4 of the Rashipdur Gas Field, Bangladesh. 20 permeable zones were identified in the study. Among these, 4 zones were gas-bearing and the rest zones were water. Hydrocarbon type might be gas which was positively indicated comparatively high resistivity, low neutron and low density log responses in these zones than that of the water zones. Average porosity of these zones ranged from 18-27 %, water saturation 17-40 %, hydrocarbon saturation 60-82 % and permeability ranged from 50.94 mD to 363 mD. Hydrocarbon is moveable in the reservoir because all the value is less than 0.70 indicate by hydrocarbon moveavility index. Average bulk volume of water ranged from 0.04 to 0.13. All the calculated values support that lithology are fine to very fine-grained sandstone and is at irreducible water saturation. The zone-4 was shown comparatively highest thickness, porosity, hydrocarbon saturation and permeability than other zones. The study can be concluded that these hydrocarbon-bearing zones are potential for gas production and good reservoir bearing formation.
ADR Effects on Domestic Latin American Financial Market

The purpose of this paper is to revisit and extend previous research work that examines the ADR-listing effects on the trading process of all the domestically-listed stocks in the main Latin American exchanges. The most important result is consistent with the idea of a greater isolation (from global markets) of the singly-listed stocks in the post-cross-listing period. These results persist over the cross-listing months. As expected, the cross-listed stocks become more integrated in the post-cross listing period
The purpose of variable pay schemes and trade unions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate concerning the compatibility of variable pay schemes (VPS) and trade unions, by investigating the effects of the managerial function (to increase management control over employees) and market function (to attract and retain suitably qualified employees) of VPS for trade unions. Design/methodology/approach – A critical case study approach was used to verify how the two varying functions of VPS affect the trade union of a large multi-establishment Irish financial institution. Data are based on a total of 60 in-depth interviews with key informants (trade unions, managers and non-managerial employees) at various levels in the organisational hierarchy and a representative survey of employees. Findings – While the findings confirmed the a priori expectation that the managerial function of VPS is more likely to damage unions than the market function, this study revealed that the interplay between the two functions varied over time and across outl.
Yield of different white button strains in sugar cane by product-based composts

The production of quality compost for Agaricus bisporus using alternative and local agricultural wastes beyond the search for productive strains are among the main factors related to improve yield. Thus, we evaluated the effect of compost nitrogen supplementation type using two compost formulation based on sugar cane by-products such as straw and bagasse as raw materials: (1) classic compost using chicken manure and (2) synthetic compost using soybean bran, urea and ammonium sulfate, for the cultivation of the five strains of A. bisporus: ABI-05/03, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05, and ABI-09/10 ABI-09/11. We found that the classic compost obtained average temperature and mass loss of 10.56 and 13.29% higher than the synthetic compost, respectively, during the composting, pasteurization and conditioning process. The classic compost achieved greater yield in the end of 25 days of harvest by the strains ABI-05/03, ABI-06/05 and ABI-04/02 corresponding to 26.78, 25.34 and 24.71%, respectively. We concluded that the classic and synthetic, based on sugar cane straw and bagasse are suitable agricultural waste for A. bisporus cultivation and the classic compost obtained higher composting temperatures in relation to synthetic compost, corroborating higher yields and more defined-pattern cultivation cycle for all strains when grown in classic compost. Key words: Agaricus bisporus, by-products, supplementation, classic, synthetic.
SCREENING OF POTENTIAL MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM DISTRICT SAWAT SPECIFIC FOR CONTROLLING WOMEN DISEASES

Ethnobotany provides a scientific rationale to identify medicinally important plant species, especially for finding new drugs that play vital role in the treatment of different diseases. This ethnobotanical survey of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) was carried out to identify medicinally important plant species that are traditionally used to treat gynecological disorders and infectious diseases, and to study their antimicrobial potential against pathogens that cause infections in females. The antimicrobial activities were investigated using the well diffusion method against four different bacterial strains and one fungal strain. Results showed that out of 12 plants studied, seven plants exhibited inhibitory effects against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Woodfordia fruticosa, Quercus dilatata, Erythrina variegata, Ficus religiosa and Berberis lycium showed high antifungal activity against C. albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 1.25, 0.3125 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 5, 2.5, 1.25, 2.5, 0.625 mg/ml, respectively. Both Woodfordia fruticosa and Quercus dilatata showed antimicrobial potential against E. coli and K. pneumoniae with similar MIC values of 2.5 mg/ml and MBC values of 5 mg/ml. Plants exhibiting inhibitory potential against S. aureus were Woodfordia fruticosa, Quercus dilatata, Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa and all of them possessed similar MIC values of 5 mg/ml and MBC values of 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. None of the plants showed antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proximate analysis showed that in comparative assessment of the various species, Zanthoxylum alatum had the highest fat and energy values.
Predation and Prey Community Structure: An Experimental Study of the Effect of Mosquito Larvae on the Protozoan Communities of Pitcher Plants

This work was designed to test the hypothesis: in the presence of predation more species will coexist in the prey community than in the absence of predation. The hypothesis may also be stated in terms of the evenness with which individuals are distributed among species. This hypothesis was tested using the communities that occur within the water-filled pitchers of the northern pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea L. The predator in this system is the larval stage of the mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii (Coq.). The prey community consisted of ciliated and flagellated protozoans as well as rotifers. Four approaches were used to gain information about this predator-prey system: (1) observations on the densities of the predator in the field, (2) observations on the correlation between predator density and protozoan community structure in the field, (3) field experi- ments in which both the predator density and initial protozoan community structure were controlled, and (4) observations on the development of protozoan community structure in the long-term absence of predation. The results show that there is considerable variability of predator densities in both time and space and that the protozoan community responds to these differences. The field experi- ments show that for the pitcher plant system the hypothesis must be rejected: species numbers tend to drop monotonically as predator densities increase. On the other hand, evenness (H/Hmax) does increase as predator densities increase. These patterns hold except during diapause of the mosquito larvae in the fall. These results are discussed within a general framework of factors which appear to be important for determining how predators affect prey community structure; the four possible mechanisms by which species numbers could increase with predation are outlined, and the pitcher plant system is related to each possible mechanism. The pitcher plant system has very few characteristics that would cause the system to respond to predation with enhanced species numbers. The most important characteristic leading to decreased species numbers appears to be a low level of interaction among the protozoan species. The increase in evenness in response to predation can best be explained by a shift in the factors that control species numbers from species interactions to rates of reproduction.
Monte Carlo-Based Comprehensive Assessment of PV Hosting Capacity and Energy Storage Impact in Realistic Finnish Low-Voltage Networks

The direction taken towards sustainable power system and renewable energy generation is now irreversible. The power grid needs to host more renewable energy sources, such as solar power, and tackle power quality problems that come along with it. In this paper, firstly, the Hosting Capacities (HCs), of Photo-Voltaic (PV), were found for various regions and their limiting constraints were defined. Afterwards, comparison was made with the HC values obtained for different voltage value standards defined by various countries. Next, single-phase PV connection percentages in the network were defined that makes the voltage unbalance the limiting factor for HC. Lastly, the HC of the solar generation coupled with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) was assessed for the Finnish Low-Voltage (LV) grids. Different BESS-based scenarios were employed and their impact on voltage unbalance and HCs were observed. Finally, also the load voltage unbalance was incorporated to make the approach realistic and its impact on HC was analyzed. Results reveal that, depending on the connection strategy, the BESS can increase as well as decrease the HC based on voltage unbalance criteria. However, the load voltage unbalance has little effect on the solar HC values.
Testing Writing on Computers: An Experiment Comparing Student Performance on Tests Conducted via Computer and via Paper-and-Pencil

Computer use has grown rapidly during the past decade. Within the educational community, interest in authentic assessment has also increased. To enhance the authenticity of tests of writing, as well as of other knowledge and skills, some assessments require students to respond in written form via paper-and-pencil. However, as increasing numbers of students grow accustomed to writing on computers, these assessments may yield underestimates of students' writing abilities. This article presents the findings of a small study examining the effect that mode of administration -computer versus paper-and-pencil -has on middle school students' performance on multiple-choice and written test questions. Findings show that, though multiple-choice test results do not differ much by mode of administration, for students accustomed to writing on computer, responses written on computer are substantially higher than those written by hand (effect size of 0.9 and relative success rates of 67% versus 30%). Implications are discussed in terms of both future research and test validity.
Steady-state entanglement of two superconducting qubits engineered by dissipation

We present a scheme for the dissipative preparation of an entangled steady state of two superconducting qubits in a circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) setup. Combining resonator photon loss—a dissipative process already present in the setup—with an effective two-photon microwave drive, we engineer an effective decay mechanism which prepares a maximally entangled state of the two qubits. This state is then maintained as the steady state of the driven, dissipative evolution. The performance of the dissipative state preparation protocol is studied analytically and verified numerically. In view of the experimental implementation of the presented scheme we investigate the effects of potential experimental imperfections and show that our scheme is robust to small deviations in the parameters. We find that high fidelities with the target state can be achieved both with state-of-the-art three-dimensional, as well as with the more commonly used two-dimensional transmons. The promising results of our study thus open a route for the demonstration of a highly entangled steady state in circuit QED.
Relationship between serum iron and insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations in 10-day-old calves

Newborn calves are often deficient in iron and progressive reduction in blood iron concentration occurs over the first weeks of life. Some reports indicate the importance of interactions among iron and components of the insulin-like growth factor system. The aim of the study was to determine if there is a relationship between serum iron and insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations in neonatal calves. Blood samples were collected from 16 female Holstein-Friesian calves on day 10 of age. Erythrogram determination and measurements of serum iron, total protein, albumin, total iron binding capacity and serum insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations were performed. Haematological values were measured using an automatic analyzer, biochemical properties were determined spectrophotometrically, insulin-like growth factor-I concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. Calves were divided into 2 groups according to iron concentrations; the first group of iron-deficient calves (n = 8, Fe 18 μmol/l). Blood indicators in all calves from the first group followed a pattern typically observed in anaemic calves. Insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations were significantly (P 0.05, respectively). Based on our results, iron seems to have an important relationship to secretion of insulin-like growth factor-I in 10-day-old calves. This is the first report about such relationship in this age group of animals. Calf, haematology, IGF-I, iron deficiency
Intrinsic Factors Affecting Budget Utilization in Ethiopian Public Universities

Higher education budget utilization has been adversely affecting proper implementation of government policies, programs and projects in Ethiopia. This study sought to investigate internal (intrinsic) factors that affect budget utilization in public universities of Ethiopia in 2016. A total of 178 respondents were randomly selected from Dilla, Wolaita Sodo and Bule Hora Universities. Primary data were collected using closed and open questionnaires. To supplement the survey result secondary data were collected from federal general auditor annual report. The data were analyzed using various descriptive statistics. The findings indicated significant improvement of budget allocation to public universities from time to time. However, lack of proper planning and allocation of budget in these Universities were found to be serious challenges. Inadequate timely revision of initial proposed physical activity plan based on the approved and available budget, inadequate knowledge on the concept of program budgeting system, shortage of adequate number of human resources and insufficient involvement of all concerned bodies during the budget plan preparation were found to be main the causes of the aforementioned problems. Decentralized budget administration system, absence of result oriented evaluation of budget performance and regular revision of plan in accordance with the available budget, lack of effective communication, lack of effective budget monitoring and evaluation, and absence of full involvement of the line managers in planning process were identified as the most important internal factors that affected budget utilization in public universities. This study recommended that due attention should be given by University top management during budget plan, allocation and implementation. The result also suggested capacitating the employees' skill, knowledge and attitude through continuous on job training programs. Keywords: Budget Utilization, Public Universities, Internal Factors, Ethiopia
Modeling the pelagic habitat of salmon off the Pacific Northwest (USA) coast using logistic regression

Defining marine habitat use for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. is important for effective resource management because salmon production has been linked to ocean conditions in the Northeast Pacific. Towards that goal, Chinook O. tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch populations were sampled off Washington and Oregon, USA, in June 1998 to 2005 along with habitat variables including temperature, salinity, water depth, and chlorophyll a concentration. Correlation analysis and stepwise logistic regressions were run to identify the physical and biological factors that predict the presence of Chinook and coho salmon. Low zero-catch probability was used to indicate used habitat. For all life history stages, zero-catch probability decreased with increased chlorophyll concentration and decreased depth. Temperature was a significant predictor variable for subyearling Chinook and yearling coho presence based on stepwise logistic regression. The size of used habitat showed large spatial and temporal variations, where more used habitat occurred off Washington and the Columbia River mouth than off Oregon. This pattern may relate to a wider shelf and greater primary production to the north. The largest amount of used habitat occurred in 2000 and 2003 for all 5 life history stages examined. Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite images indicated high chlorophyll concentration in that period.