Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning and expression analysis of vitellogenin in scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis (bivalvia, mollusca)

The present study was undertaken to determine scallop vitellogenin (Vtg) cDNA sequence, to identify Vtg synthesizing cell, and to analyze the regulation of Vtg mRNA expression. Clones containing partial cDNA sequence of Vtg were isolated from cDNA library of the scallop ovary by immunoscreening with the anti‐scallop vitellin (Vn) serum. The deduced amino acid sequence of the clone containing the longest cDNA insert (1,689 bp) was identified as a member of the lipid transport protein family and exhibited about 20–35% identity with Vtgs of other oviparous animals. Northern blot analysis identified a single transcript longer than 10 kb in the ovary. Dot blot analysis of the ovary showed a high amount of Vtg mRNA during the growing stage and the level was retained until spawning stage. In situ hybridization demonstrated the expression of Vtg mRNA in the auxiliary cells closely associated with growing oocytes, suggesting that the synthesis of a major yolk protein in the scallop occurs through hetero‐synthetic pathway without mediation through the blood flow but occurs de novo in the ovary. The content of Vtg mRNA in the ovarian tissue cultured in vitro with vitellogenesis promoting factor (VPF), which strongly promotes Vtg protein synthesis, from the cerebral plus pedal ganglion (CPG) showed no change. The transcription of Vtg mRNA appeared to be promoted by estradiol‐17β (E2) not by VPF although VPF may enhance the translation of Vtg mRNA. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 273–281, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary Fluoride Intake by Children Receiving Different Sources of Systemic Fluoride

There has been no comparison of fluoride (F) intake by pre-school children receiving more traditional sources of systemic F. The aim of this study was to estimate the dietary F intake by children receiving F from artificially fluoridated water (AFW-Brazil, 0.6–0.8 mg F/L), naturally fluoridated water (NFW-Brazil, 0.6–0.9 mg F/L), fluoridated salt (FS-Peru, 180–200 mg F/Kg), and fluoridated milk (FM-Peru, 0.25 mg F). Children (n = 21–26) aged 4–6 yrs old participated in each community. A non-fluoridated community (NoF) was evaluated as the control population. Dietary F intake was monitored by the “duplicate plate” method, with different constituents (water, other beverages, and solids). F was analyzed with an ion-selective electrode. Data were tested by Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn’s tests (p < 0.05). Mean (± SD) F intake (mg/Kg b.w./day) was 0.04 ± 0.01b, 0.06 ± 0.02a,b, 0.05 ± 0.02a,b, 0.06 ± 0.01a, and 0.01 ± 0.00c for AFW/NFW/FS/FM/NoF, respectively. The main dietary contributors for AFW/NFW and FS/FM/NoF were water and solids, respectively. The results indicate that the dietary F intake must be considered before a systemic method of fluoridation is implemented.
Differential effects of aging on motor and cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are impaired in motor and cognitive performance, but the extent to which these deficits are magnified by aging is unknown. In one prior study, differences in cognitive processing speed between MS patients and healthy individuals were of similar magnitude across the lifespan. Here, we have improved on this work by expanding assessment to multiple cognitive domains and motor functioning. Objective: To determine whether the degree of cognitive and motor dysfunction in MS is magnified with increasing age. Methods: In all, 698 MS patients (aged 29–71 years) and 226 healthy controls (HCs; aged 18–72 years) completed neuroperformance tests covering ambulation, upper extremity function, information processing speed, and memory. Results: Linear regression models predicting cognitive and motor function revealed main effects of MS/HC diagnosis, age, and education across all measures. There was also an interaction between age and diagnosis on measures of motor function, but not on cognitive outcomes. Conclusion: The progression of motor decline is amplified by aging in MS. However, the degree of cognitive impairment does not vary across the lifespan. Thus, evidence of accelerated cognitive impairment in older adults with MS may signal the presence of other age-related cognitive pathologies.
Contribution of Growth Hormone and IGF-I to Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes

In children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, we have reported an association between duration of puberty and the prevalence of nephromegaly and microalbuminuria (MA), which are early markers of diabetic nephropathy. Growth hormone (GH), IGF-I, testosterone, and prorenin are potential mediators of this effect. This study examined the relationship of these hormonal factors to kidney volume (KV) and MA in 155 subjects (78 males, age 13.2 ± 3.5 years [mean ± SD]) with similar diabetes duration (6.83 ± 1.6 years) but varying pubertal experience (0–10 years). KV (by ultrasound), plasma IGF-I, testosterone, prorenin, and NaLi countertransport, and urinary albumin, urinary GH, and urinary IGF-I from three 24-h collections were measured. Multiple regression analysis showed that BSA (P < 0.0001) and urinary IGF-I (P = 0.001) were significantly associated with KV. MA subjects (albumin excretion rate 15–200 μg/min) had higher urinary IGF-I (P = 0.005) and urinary GH (P = 0.05) compared with normoalbuminuric subjects. Only 9% of the variance in urinary IGF-I could be attributed to plasma IGF-I (r = 0.30, P < 0.0001). Testosterone and prorenin were not associated with MA, but they were associated with KV in univariate analyses. The strong association of urinary IGF-I with KV, a marker for glomerular hypertrophy, and of both urinary IGF-I and urinary GH with MA suggests a role for these growth factors in the development of human diabetic nephropathy. Together, these data support animal studies that have shown that renal GH and IGF-I may contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of early diabetic nephropathy.
Localization of language function in children: results of electrical stimulation mapping.

OBJECT The authors examined the localization of language sites and the frequency of naming errors at these sites in a population of children undergoing electrical stimulation mapping during surgeries in which epileptic foci and dominant hemisphere neoplasms were resected. The frequency with which essential language sites were found (that is, "the frequency of language sites") in children was compared with that of a population of adults who had undergone this procedure, to assess the relationship of age to the distribution of essential areas for language. METHODS The results of electrical stimulation mapping to determine sites of naming and speech arrest in 26 children ranging in ages from 4 to 16 years are presented in this report. Mapping was performed in the intraoperative setting in eight patients and in the extraoperative setting, by stimulation across a subdural grid, in 18 patients. The frequency and distribution of essential language areas were analyzed in populations of different ages and according to the method used to obtain the map. Considerable variability was found in the localization of language sites. When the language site distribution in pediatric patients was compared with the language site distribution found previously in a population of patients older than 16 years of age, a relative paucity of language sites was found in all perisylvian cortices in the younger age group. This relationship was also found within the group of patients 16 years of age and younger, when segregated into two groups: those patients 8 years of age or younger, and those patients between 9 and 16 years of age. These findings are relevant to theories of the intrahemispheric organization of the cortex devoted to language function. CONCLUSIONS The differences found between groups of younger and older patients in the frequencies of sites where stimulation produces naming errors was identified suggests the possibility that, with advancing age, maturational processes contribute new foci of cortex essential for language.
Prophylactic Intramuscular Ephedrine Prior to Caesarean Section

Thirty healthy parturients, having given informed consent, were randomly allocated in a double-blind study to receive an intramuscular injection of either 0.9% sodium chloride (control), ephedrine 25 mg, or ephedrine 50 mg, 30 minutes prior to general anaesthesia for caesarean section. Nine patients (90%) in the 50 mg group and five patients (50%) in the 25 mg group demonstrated reactive hypertension of 20% or greater from control. The mean maximum increase in the 50 mg group was 28.2% (range 4.4–38.3%). Maternal pH was significantly lower (P = 0.03) in the ephedrine 50 mg group. Neonatal acid base status was significantly impaired in the ephedrine 50 mg group with umbilical venous pH (P = 0.0001) and umbilical arterial pH (P = 0.001) being significantly lower than the control group. The associated increase in umbilical arterial base deficit suggests a metabolic component due to fetal asphyxia related to decreased uterine blood flow. We conclude that the prophylactic administration of intramuscular ephedrine prior to spinal anaesthesia is associated with an unacceptably high incidence of maternal hypertension, and should the spinal fail and general anaesthesia be required, also results in adverse neonatal biochemical changes. The technique is therefore not to be recommended.
Human Studies on Bioavailability and Plasma Response of Lycopene

Conclusions Given that lycopene is a major dietary and plasma carotenoid in the U.S. population, and that there is an inverse a sociation between lycopene intake or plasma concentrations and cancer of the prostate, pancreas, and possibly stomach, it is important to understand factors that influence concentrations in the body and evaluate the metabolism and biological function of Iycopene and its metabolites. This is essential for the understanding of the protective effects of this carotenoid.
Predictor index of mortality in dementia patients upon entry into long-term care.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm that predicts survival in patients with dementia upon entry into long-term care. There are, as yet, no predictive equations developed for those in the late stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS This was a prospective, observational study of 132 patients with dementia (61% with AD) followed for up to 5.0 years (median of 41.0 months) after admission to a long-term care facility for dementia patients. Information on demographic characteristics, physical health, and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral characteristics was collected shortly after admission and entered as predictors of time until death in Cox regressions. Findings were used to derive an index predicting mortality. RESULTS There were 60 deaths among the 132 patients (45.4% mortality), with an average survival of 22.4 months in those who died. Better physical health and the presence of delusions were associated with longer survival. These two variables were aggregated into the Copper Ridge Index (CRI). Each one-point increase on the CRI was associated with a four-fold greater likelihood of death over 5 years. CONCLUSIONS A predictive equation incorporating measures of general physical health and delusions accurately predicted time to death in dementia patients in long-term care.
ANALISIS PEMAKAIAN DISFEMIA PADA RUBRIK GAGASAN SURAT KABAR SOLOPOS EDISI JANUARI – PEBRUARI 2007

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk satuan gramatik disfemia pada Rubrik Gagasan Surat Kabar Solopos Edisi Januari – Pebruari 2007; (2) mendeskripsikan makna pemakaian disfemia pada Rubrik Gagasan Surat Kabar Solopos Edisi Januari – Pebruari 2007; (3) mendeskripsikan tujuan penggunaan disfemia pada Rubrik Gagasan Surat Kabar Solopos Edisi Januari – Pebruari 2007 Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif kualiatif yang datanya bersumber pada Rubrik Gagasan Surat Kabar Solopos Edisi Januari-Pebruari 2007. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik simak dan teknik catat. Teknik simak adalah penyediaan data yang dilakukan dengan menyimak data pengguna bahasa. Teknik catat adalah teknik penyediaan data yang dilakukan dengan pencatatan pada kartu data. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yakni teknik padan dan agih yang dilanjutkan dengan teknik ganti. Teknik padan adalah teknik yang alat penentunya berada di luar bahasa, terlepas dan tidak menjadi bagian bahasa yang bersangkutan. Teknik agih adalah teknik yang alat penentunya justru bagian bahasa yang bersangkutan itu sendiri. Teknik padan yang digunakan berupa teknik padan ortografis dan teknik padan sub jenis referensial. Berdasarkan analisis dapat disimpulkan: (1) bentuk pemakaian disfemia yang ditemukan pada rubrik gagasan surat kabar Solopos Edisi Januari-Pebruari 2007 berupa: a) kata dan b) frasa; (2) makna yang terkandung dalam pemakaian bentuk disfemia yaitu: a) menegaskan makna, b) berkonotasi negatif, c) berkonotasi kasar, d) memberikan tekanan tanpa terasa kekasarannya, e) menguatkan makna, f) mengungkapkan sesuatu yang bukan sebenarnya; (3) tujuan penggunaan bentuk disfemia yaitu: a) mengungkapkan kejengkelan pada sesuatu atau seseorang, b) memberikan penekanan pada sesuatu yang hendak disampaikan, c) mencapai efek tegas.
Antenna device reliability for ULSI processing

In this paper we assess gate oxide thickness (t/sub OX/) scaling issues with respect to key plasma processes-metal etch, contact etch and deposition, and relate the scaling trends to the mechanism of damage involved. We show that for electron shading effect, the damage effects peak for gate oxide around 30 /spl Aring/-40 /spl Aring/. We propose an antenna array scheme for plasma damage detection at small antenna ratios. We show that the local substrate potential can have a significant impact on device damage. Channel hot carrier (CHC) stress lifetime for antenna devices (both nMOSFET and pMOSFET) degrade with 2-10/spl times/ decrease in lifetime for 10/spl times/ increase in post-plasma stress Ig. Diode protection schemes are shown to be effective for 21 /spl Aring/-32 /spl Aring/ FETs.
Manipulation of the Anabolic and Catabolic Responses With OP‐1 and Zoledronic Acid in a Rat Critical Defect Model

Bone repair involves both anabolic and catabolic responses. We hypothesized that anabolic treatment with OP‐1 (BMP‐7) and anti‐catabolic treatment with zoledronic acid could be synergistic. In a rat critical defect, this combination therapy produced significant increases in new bone volume and strength.
KEPLER-63b: A GIANT PLANET IN A POLAR ORBIT AROUND A YOUNG SUN-LIKE STAR

We present the discovery and characterization of a giant planet orbiting the young Sun-like star Kepler-63 (KOI-63, mKp = 11.6, Teff = 5576 K, M⋆ = 0.98 M☉). The planet transits every 9.43 days, with apparent depth variations and brightening anomalies caused by large starspots. The planet's radius is 6.1 ± 0.2 R⊕, based on the transit light curve and the estimated stellar parameters. The planet's mass could not be measured with the existing radial-velocity data, due to the high level of stellar activity, but if we assume a circular orbit, then we can place a rough upper bound of 120 M⊕ (3σ). The host star has a high obliquity (ψ = 104°), based on the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect and an analysis of starspot-crossing events. This result is valuable because almost all previous obliquity measurements are for stars with more massive planets and shorter-period orbits. In addition, the polar orbit of the planet combined with an analysis of spot-crossing events reveals a large and persistent polar starspot. Such spots have previously been inferred using Doppler tomography, and predicted in simulations of magnetic activity of young Sun-like stars.
Long-term results of surgical treatment of pulmonary carcinoids

Background:­ This study aims to investigate possible factors other than lymph node invasion and cell type which may affect survival in patients with lung carcinoids over long-term follow-up. Methods: This retrospective study included 82 patients (36 males, 46 females; mean age 43.8 years; range 16 to 19 years) operated with a diagnosis of bronchial carcinoid between February 1993 and November 2012. Factors that may affect survival were identified as age, sex, location of surgery, T status, N status, complete resection, resection width, cell type, and stage. Morbidities and mortalities were recorded according to these factors.
Acupuncture as an adjunct for sedation during lithotripsy.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a combination of auricular and body acupuncture is effective as an adjunct for the preprocedural anxiety and pain management in patients undergoing lithotripsy procedures. DESIGN Randomized controlled study. SETTING AND LOCATION: Lithotripsy suite located at the Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven CT. SUBJECTS Adult patients who were scheduled to receive elective lithotripsy procedures. INTERVENTIONS Acupuncture group: Preprocedural auricular acupuncture intervention combined with intraprocedural electroacupuncture stimulation (n = 29); Sham control group: Preprocedural sham auricular acupuncture intervention combined with intraprocedural sham electroacupuncture stimulation (n = 27). OUTCOMES MEASUREMENT: Preprocedural anxiety, intraprocedural alfentanil consumption, visual analogue scale for pain. RESULTS Patients in the acupuncture group were less anxious preprocedure than those in the Sham Control Group 32 (29-34) versus 40 (35-45) (p = 0.029). Similarly, patients in the Acupuncture Group used a lesser amount of alfentanil than those in the sham control group (p = 0.040). The adjustable alfentanil consumption as expressed by median rate of alfentanil consumption of 1 (0.6-1.6) microg kg(-1) minute(-1) in the acupuncture group was lower than that of 1.5 (0.9-2.3) microg kg(-1) minute(-1) in the sham control group. Patients in the Acupuncture group also reported lower pain scores on admission to the recovery room (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS A combination of auricular and body acupuncture can be used as an adjunct treatment to decrease preprocedural anxiety and intraprocedural analgesia in patients undergoing lithotripsy.
ANOMALY DETECTION IN SURVEILLANCE VIDEOS USING DEEP RESIDUAL NETWORKS

Efficient anomaly detection in surveillance videos across diverse environments represents a major challenge in Computer Vision. This work proposes a background subtraction approach based on the recent deep learning technique of residual neural networks capable of detecting multiple objects of different sizes by pixel-wise foreground segmentation. The proposed algorithm takes as input a reference (anomalyfree) and a target frame, which should be temporally aligned, and outputs a segmentation map of same spatial resolution. Experiments show competitive performance in the studied dataset, as well as real-time capability.
Poor Systemic Antibody Response After Vaccination of Commercial Broiler Breeders with Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine ts-11 Not Associated with Susceptibility to Challenge

SUMMARY. A live attenuated Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine, ts-11, has been used for control of M. gallisepticum in several countries. The rapid serum agglutination test is usually used as an indicator of flock response to vaccination; however, in some flocks, the detected response may be weak or absent. We investigated whether the low level, or lack, of systemic antibodies in ts-11-vaccinated flocks is correlated with susceptibility to infection after challenge with a virulent M. gallisepticum strain. Birds from 2 separate ts-11-vaccinated commercial flocks with no, or weak, rapid serum agglutination responses (at 11 or 14 wk postvaccination) were randomly selected and subjected to aerosol challenge with either M. gallisepticum strain Ap3AS or sterile mycoplasma broth. A group of nonvaccinated specific-pathogen-free chickens at similar age were also exposed to aerosolization with M. gallisepticum strain Ap3AS and used as positive controls. Postmortem examination of the birds, performed 2 wk after challenge, revealed no significant difference in microscopic tracheal lesions or mucosal thicknesses between the ts-11-vaccinated field birds irrespective of their aerosolization treatment. However, both microscopic tracheal lesions and tracheal mucosal thicknesses of nonvaccinated challenged birds were significantly greater than those of ts-11 vaccinates. Hence, broiler breeders vaccinated in the field showed significant protection against virulent M. gallisepticum challenge even when no serum antibody was detected by rapid serum agglutination test. These results reveal that seroconversion detected by rapid serum agglutination test after ts-11 vaccination is not a reliable predictor of protection against M. gallisepticum infection. The possible significance of local antibody response and cell-mediated immunity against M. gallisepticum infection is discussed.
Light‐driven cycling of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the Sargasso Sea: Closing the loop

The factors driving dimethylsulfide (DMS) cycling in oligotrophic environments are isolated using a time‐series of DMS sampled in the Sargasso Sea. The observed distribution of DMS is inconsistent with bottom‐up processes related to phytoplankton production, biomass, or community structure changes. DMS concentrations and estimates of net biological community production are most highly correlated with physical and optical properties, with the dose of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) accounting for 77% of the variability in mixed layer DMS concentrations. Physiological stresses associated with shallow mixed layers and high UVR are the first order determinant of biological production of DMS, indicating that DMS cycling in open‐ocean regions is fundamentally different than in eutrophic regions where phytoplankton blooms provide the conditions for elevated DMS concentrations. The stress regime presented here effectively closes the DMS‐climate feedback loop for open‐ocean environments. This response may also provide a climatic role for phytoplanktonic processes in response to anthropogenic forcing.
Are augmented reality picture books magic or real for preschool children aged five to six?

The aim of this study is to determine preschool children's attitudes towards augmented reality picture books (ARPB), their story comprehension performance (SCP) and the relationships between these variables. The sample consisted of 92 five- and six-year-olds (49 boys, 43 girls). An attitude form, story comprehension test and interview form were used as data collection tools. Most of the children reported feeling 'very happy' with the activity and enjoyed using the ARPB, which they found interesting and fun. The children also delivered strong story SCP. Their happiness was found to affect their SCP, while their enjoyment did not. ARPB are attractive and evocative for children, who perceive them as magic and more enjoyable than conventional books. This study demonstrates how they can be used as effective educational tools to improve preschool children's cognition and listening skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]