Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Duodenal IntraEpithelial Lymphocytes

Objective: To investigate the number of intra-epithelial lymphocytes in the duodenal mucosal biopsies of patients with non specific duodenitis, clinically labelled cases of celiac disease and in normal duodenal mucosa. Material and Methods: The study included three groups. A total of 73 duodenal biopsies received in the department of histopathology, PIMS (Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences) Islamabad, between 2008 and 2011 were placed in two groups; Group I (38 cases): Biopsy of patients with non specific duodenal symptoms, not fulfilling the clinical criteria of celiac disease and Group II (35 cases): Patients with clinical suspicion of celiac disease. Group III (20 cases) included duodenal tissue from autopsies carried out in cases of sudden death from nonGIT related causes in the department of histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi. All paraffin embedded sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and intra-epithelial lymphocytes were counted per 20 enterocytes in 5 villous tips or per 50 enterocytes in 2 villous tips (in partial villous atrophy) or per 100 enterocytes in total villous atrophy. Results: Formal counting of the index cases and controls revealed a significant difference in IELs/100 epithelial cell count between the 3 groups. The mean villous tip IEL scores were 29.9+10.7 SD (range: 10-60) in chronic non specific duodenitis, 58.19 + 24.7SD (range:16-130) in celiac disease and 15.7+2.79 SD (range:12-22) in autopsy cases. Conclusion: The results of present study suggest that 40 IELs/ 100 epithelial cells is a significant finding and should be taken as a cut-off point for celiac disease in our population.
Disruption of Mechanisms That Prevent Rereplication Triggers a DNA Damage Response

ABSTRACT Eukaryotes replicate DNA once and only once per cell cycle due to multiple, partially overlapping mechanisms efficiently preventing reinitiation. The consequences of reinitiation are unknown. Here we show that the induction of rereplication by mutations in components of the prereplicative complex (origin recognition complex [ORC], Cdc6, and minichromosome maintenance proteins) causes a cell cycle arrest with activated Rad53, a large-budded morphology, and an undivided nucleus. Combining a mutation disrupting the Clb5-Orc6 interaction (ORC6-rxl) and a mutation stabilizing Cdc6 (CDC6ΔNT) causes a cell cycle delay with a similar phenotype, although this background is only partially compromised for rereplication control and does not exhibit overreplication detectable by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We conducted a systematic screen that identified genetic requirements for the viability of these cells. ORC6-rxl CDC6ΔNT cells depend heavily on genes required for the DNA damage response and for double-strand-break repair by homologous recombination. Our results implicate an Mre11-Mec1-dependent pathway in limiting the extent of rereplication.
Use of Multiuser, High-Fidelity Virtual Simulation to Teach Leadership Styles to Nursing Students

According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing’s Essentials of Master’s Education in Nursing, leadership (Essential II) and use of technology (Essential V) are key elements in a master’s nursing curriculum. Faculty members may argue it is difficult for students to act in a leadership position when in the role of a student learner in a new clinical environment. To provide students an engaging learning experience as a leader, an innovative approach involves using a virtual clinical environment. Using virtual environments is advantageous so students become comfortable with technology as well as experience challenging clinical experiences from the vantage of a leader. This pedagogy has not been well studied. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of using virtual simulation in the classroom is needed to guide faculty. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the intervention of virtual simulation to teach leadership styles to students in a master’s program in nursing education.
Predicting Long-term Survival in Multiple Myeloma Patients Following Autotransplants

Multiple myeloma is a B-cell malignancy with a highly variable outcome. Despite the marked recent improvements in its management, especially due to the widespread application of high-dose treatment and autologous stem cell transplantation, relapses eventually occur in the majority of patients. Systematic research at University of Arkansas over the last 10 years, has revealed that the absence of unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities (deletion of chromosome 13 and hypodiploidy), low β -2 microglobulin levels prior to transplant, a normal lactate dehydrogenase level at diagnosis and early application of high-dose treatment (<12 months of preceding standard treatment) define a subgroup of myeloma patients with a high likelihood of long (>5 years) event-free survival; a sizable minority of these patients may be considered cured. Recognition of the importance of these prognostic factors should lead to routine cytogenetic evaluation of all patients and early referral to specialized transplant centers. Furthermore, patients with less favorable outcome should be identified early in their disease course and should be managed with novel and hopefully more effective treatments.
Prevalence and predictors of unmet need for supportive services among HIV-infected persons: impact of case management.

BACKGROUND Previous research has indicated that the needs of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for supportive services often go unmet. Although case management has been advocated as a method of decreasing unmet needs for supportive services, its effectiveness is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of need and unmet need for supportive services and the impact of case managers on unmet need among HIV-infected persons. RESEARCH DESIGN National probability sample. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2,832 HIV-infected adults receiving care. MEASURES Need and unmet need for benefits advocacy, housing, home health, emotional counseling, and substance abuse treatment services. RESULTS Sixty-seven percent of the sample had a need for at least one supportive service, and 26.6% had an unmet need for at least one service in the previous 6 months. Contingent unmet need (unmet need among persons who needed the service) was greatest for benefits advocacy (34.6%) and substance abuse treatment (27.6%). Fifty-seven percent of the sample had had contact with their case manager in the previous 6 months. In multiple logistic regression analysis, with adjustment for covariates, having a case manager was associated with decreased unmet need for home healthcare (OR =0.39; 95% CI = 0.25-0.60), emotional counseling (OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.38-0.78), and any unmet need (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.54-0.91). An increased number of contacts with a case manager was significantly associated with lower unmet need for home health care, emotional counseling, and any unmet need. CONCLUSIONS Need and unmet need for supportive services among HIV-infected persons is high. Case management programs appear to lower unmet need for supportive services.
The use of MR‐detectable reporter molecules and ions to evaluate diffusion in normal and ischemic brain

As a result of the technical challenges associated with distinguishing the MR signals arising from intracellular and extracellular water, a variety of endogenous and exogenous MR‐detectable molecules and ions have been employed as compartment‐specific reporters of water motion. Although these reporter molecules and ions do not have the same apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) as water, their ADCs are assumed to be directly related to the ADC of the water in which they are solvated. This approach has been used to probe motion in the intra‐ and extracellular space of cultured cells and intact tissue. Despite potential interpretative challenges with the use of reporter molecules or ions and the wide variety used, the following conclusions are consistent considering all studies: (i) the apparent free diffusive motion in the intracellular space is approximately one‐half of that in dilute aqueous solution; (ii) ADCs for intracellular and extracellular water are similar; (iii) the intracellular ADC decreases in association with brain injury. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that the overall brain water ADC decrease that accompanies brain injury is driven primarily by a decrease in the ADC of intracellular water. We review the studies supporting these conclusions, and interpret them in the context of explaining the decrease in overall brain water ADC that accompanies brain injury. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The membrane lipid environment modulates drug interactions with the P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter.

The P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter functions as an ATP-driven efflux pump for a large number of structurally unrelated hydrophobic compounds. Substrates are believed to gain access to the transporter after partitioning into the membrane, rather than from the extracellular aqueous phase. The binding of drug substrates to P-glycoprotein may thus be modulated by the properties of the lipid bilayer. The interactions with P-glycoprotein of two drugs (vinblastine and daunorubicin) and a chemosensitizer (verapamil) were characterized by quenching of purified fluorescently labeled protein in the presence of various phospholipids. Biphasic quench curves were observed for vinblastine and verapamil, suggesting that more than one molecule of these compounds may bind to the transporter simultaneously. All three drugs bound to P-glycoprotein with substantially higher affinity in egg phosphatidylcholine (PC), compared to brain phosphatidylserine (PS) and egg phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The nature of the lipid acyl chains also modulated binding, with affinity decreasing in the order egg PC > dimyristoyl-PC (DMPC) > dipalmitoyl-PC (DPPC). Following reconstitution of the transporter into DMPC, all three compounds bound to P-glycoprotein with 2-4-fold higher affinity in gel phase lipid relative to liquid-crystalline phase lipid. The P-glycoprotein ATPase stimulation/inhibition profiles for the drugs were also altered in different lipids, in a manner consistent with the observed changes in binding affinity. The ability of the drugs to partition into bilayers of phosphatidylcholines was determined. All of the drugs partitioned much better into egg PC relative to DMPC and DPPC. The binding affinity increased (i.e., the value of Kd decreased) as the drug-lipid partition coefficient increased, supporting the proposal that the effective concentration of the drug substrate in the membrane is important for interaction with the transporter. These results provide support for the vacuum cleaner model of P-glycoprotein action.
Compact low loss silicon-on-insulator waveguide for broadband mid-infrared photonics

Near-infrared nanophotonics has been massively studied due to its promising ability in addressing the interconnect bottleneck problem [1] and achieving resonator-based sensors with high quality factor [2] [3]. Among the various material platforms that have been applied in near infrared nanophotonics, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform offers advantages such as high optical mode confinement, low loss, CMOS compatibility, and mature fabrication [4].
Segmental Conservation of sapA Sequences in Type B Campylobacter fetus Cells (*)

Campylobacter fetus cells may exist as either of two defined serogroups (type A or B) based on their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition. Wild-type strains contain surface array proteins (S-layer proteins) that have partial antigenic cross-reactivity but bind exclusively to LPS from homologous (type A or B) cells. Type A cells possess 8 homologs of sapA, which encodes a 97-kDa S-layer protein; the gene products of these homologs have a conserved N terminus of 184 amino acids. To further explore the structural relationships between the C. fetus S-layer proteins and their encoding genes, we sought to clone and express an S-layer protein from type B strain 84-91. The cloned type B gene (sapB) was similar in structure to the previously cloned type A gene (sapA) and encoded a full-length 936-amino acid (97-kDa) S-layer protein. Sequence analysis of sapB indicated that the conserved N-terminal encoding region in sapA was absent but that the remainder of the ORF (encoding 751 amino acids) was identical to that of sapA in spite of the nonconserved nature of this region among sapA homologs. Noncoding sequences both 300 base pairs 5′ and 1000 base pairs 3′ to the sapB and sapA ORFs, including the sapA promoter and transcriptional terminator sequences, were essentially identical. Southern analyses revealed that the sapB N-terminal encoding region was conserved in multiple copies in type B strains but was absent in type A strains. Recombinant sapA and sapB products bound to a substantially greater degree to cells of the homologous LPS type compared with the heterologous LPS type, indicating that the conserved sapA- and sapB-encoded N termini are critical for LPS binding specificity. The parallel genetic organization and identity at the nucleotide level in both coding and noncoding regions for sap homologs in types A and B cells indicates the necessity of both homolog conservation and high fidelity DNA replication in the biology of sap diversity.
Fat‐body remodeling in Drosophila melanogaster

The remodeling of the larval fat body is observed in many insects during metamorphosis, but little is known about the physiological importance or the regulation of this process. In Drosophila melanogaster, fat‐body remodeling involves the dissociation of the fat body into individual fat cells, which persist throughout pupal development but are later removed by cell death in the young adult. Inhibition of fat‐body dissociation is associated with pharate adult lethality and thus is likely to be an essential developmental event. As a start toward understanding the role of fat‐body remodeling in the life history of insects, we carried out a detailed study of fat‐body disassociation in D. melanogaster using fluorescent microscopy, and tested whether this process is mediated by hemocytes as proposed for fat‐body remodeling in Sarcophaga peregrina. We identified and correlated stereotypic events in fat‐body dissociation with developmental changes during metamorphosis, and have demonstrated by cell ablation studies that fat‐body remodeling in D. melanogaster is a hemocyte independent process. genesis 44:396–400, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
To act out, to withdraw, or to constructively resist? Employee reactions to supervisor abuse of customers and the moderating role of employee moral identity

We extend the deontic model of justice (Folger, 1998, 2001) by arguing that not all employees respond to third-party injustices by experiencing an eye-for-an-eye retributive response; rather, some employees respond in ways that are higher in moral acceptance (e.g. increasing turnover intentions, engaging in constructive resistance). We predict that the positive relationship between supervisor abuse of customers and organizational deviance is weaker when employees are high in moral identity. In contrast, we hypothesize that the relationships between supervisor abuse of customers and turnover intentions and constructive resistance are more strongly positive when employees are high in moral identity. Regression results from two field studies (N = 222 and N = 199, respectively) provide general support for our theoretical model.
Air pollution and asthmatic attacks in the Los Angeles area.

FOE THE PAST decade, the people of Los Angeles have been exposed to air pol¬ lution commonly known as smog. During the smog episodes, some persons complain of eye irritations and coughing. Several physicians in the area have noted that occasionally an asthmatic patient appears ta be worse on smog days. To determine whether asthmatic attacks in a group of patients are related to communitywide air pollution, a study was undertaken in the Pasadena area in the fall of 1956.
Vitamin D, optimal health and athletic performance: A review study

Background: Vitamin D, also known as calciferol, is a secosteroid hormone and an essential nutrient responsible for multiple biological functions in the human body. Functionally it is different from all other fat soluble vitamins. The body can synthesis it with the help of sunlight. Objective of the Study: The specific objective of this review article is to explore the emergence of vitamin D as an important nutrient for the maintenances of optimal health and athletic performance. Acquisition of Evidence: Evidences were gathered through Pubmed searching. Studies directly matched and fulfill the primary objective of this article were considered, reviewed properly and presented systematically. Findings: Commonly Vitamin D is well recognized for its active role in calcium and phosphorous homeostasis in the human body. In recent era scientists have identified that almost every cell in the body express the vitamin D receptor, physiologically play a significant role in achieving optimal health and better athletic performance. Active from of Vitamin D plays an important role for the prevention of many chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, arthritis etc. Conclusion: Vitamin D is a potent nutrient and working as a regulator of several physiological functions in the human body. Some of these functions are well recognized but many are yet to be researched to understand the complete mechanism of action as it plays in the human body.
Trichostatin A Up-Regulates Human Papillomavirus Type 11 Upstream Regulatory Region-E6 Promoter Activity in Undifferentiated Primary Human Keratinocytes

ABSTRACT Human papillomavirus (HPV) gene expression in squamous epithelia is differentiation dependent in benign patient lesions and in organotypic raft cultures of primary human keratinocytes (PHKs). Using thelacZ reporter in raft cultures, we previously showed that this transcriptional regulation of the HPV type 11 (HPV-11) enhancer-promoter located in the upstream regulatory region (URR) appears to have resulted from coordination between the transcription transactivators AP1, Oct1, and Sp1 in differentiated upper strata and the repressor C/EBP in proliferating basal cells. We report here that trichostatin A, a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase, dramatically stimulated reporter gene activity from the wild-type HPV-11 URR or the C/EBP mutation in PHKs grown in undifferentiated submerged cultures. In epithelial raft cultures, up-regulation occurred predominantly in basal and parabasal strata; this effect was promoter specific, as expression of the lacZ reporter gene driven by the murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat (LTR), the keratin 14 promoter, or the involucrin promoter was not altered, nor was expression of endogenous keratin 10 and profilaggrin affected. However, the responses were not cell type or species specific, as identical results were observed for both HPV-11 URR-lacZ and LTR-lacZ in murine retrovirus producer cell lines of fibroblast origin.
Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1 Modulates Taxane Resistance of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma

Taxanes, such as docetaxel and taxol, have been used as firstline chemotherapies in advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LAD), but limited responses to chemotherapy remain a major impediment in the clinic. Treatment with 5-azacytidine increases the sensitivity of SPC-A1/DTX cell line to taxanes. The results of DNA methylation microarray and cDNA array analysis indicate that DNA methylation contributes to the downregulation of secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1) in SPC-A1/DTX cells. Overexpression of SFRP1 reverses the chemoresistance of taxane-resistant LAD cell lines and enhances the invivosensitivity of taxane-resistant LAD cells to taxanes. Meanwhile, short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated SFRP1 knockdown decreases the sensitivity of parental LAD cell lines to taxanes. Furthermore, FH535, a reversible Wnt signaling inhibitor, enhances the sensitivity of taxane-resistant LAD cells to taxanes. The level of SFRP1 in tumors of nonresponding patients is significantly lower than that in tumors of responders. Taken together, our results provide the direct evidence that SFRP1 is a clinically important determinant of taxanes resistance in human LAD cells, suggesting that SFRP1 might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of taxane-resistant LAD patients.
The Price of Environmental Sustainability: Empirical Evidence from Stock Market Performance in China

Chinese manufacturers, which produce nearly one-fourth of global manufacturing outputs, play important roles in the global supply chains for many products. The Chinese government proposed the “Made in China 2025” plan to help manufacturers upgrade their technology, so that the country will become a green and innovative “world manufacturing power”. It is important for researchers, practitioners, and the government to know the benefits and costs of being environmentally sustainable. In this paper, we investigate the effects of environmentally sustainable announcements of Chinese firms in the manufacturing, and the wholesale and retail industry on their stock market performance. First, we find negative market responses, which are significant in scale and statistics. Second, the stock market reactions are different for firms in different industries. Third, the stock market reactions are different in different years. Finally, we control the firm size and the book-to-market ratio with the Fama–French three factor model. The result is highly consistent with the one from the simple market model.
Older Lesbians and Work in the Australian Health and Aged Care Sector

While research has identified challenges lesbians face in the workplace, there is limited understanding of the particular experiences of older lesbians, especially those working in the health and aged care sector. This article draws on the stories of four women who participated in a narrative research project on lesbian and gay people's experiences of health and aged care. It highlights the need for future research to examine the complexity of identity expression and community affiliation, how people negotiate “coming out” in the workplace, the impact of discrimination, and the resources (such as friends) available to lesbians in the workplace.
Do Bubbles Spill Over? Estimating Financial Bubbles in Emerging Markets

The close correlation among the stock price indices of a relatively large number of developed and emerging markets indicates that bubbles might spill over from one country to another. To test for such spillover effects, we estimate the bubble component of price changes using a nonlinear, structural, state-space model with time-variable parameters. We apply directionality tests to bubbles formed in the United States and Turkey. We find that bubbles originating in the United States lead to bubbles in Turkey. We provide empirical evidence on bubbles formed during the major financial crises of the past two decades in Turkey and the past century in the United States. Despite the improvement in fundamentals and overall economic performance, we find the Turkish asset market is still subject to volatile financial bubbles that might stem from abroad.
Thiol‐mediated protein retention in the endoplasmic reticulum: the role of ERp44

Formation of disulfide bonds, an essential step for the maturation and exit of secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is controlled by specific ER‐resident enzymes. A pivotal element in this process is Ero1α, an oxidoreductin that lacks known ER retention motifs. Here we show that ERp44 mediates Ero1α ER localization through the formation of reversible mixed disulfides. ERp44 also prevents the secretion of an unassembled cargo protein with unpaired cysteines. We conclude that ERp44 is a key element in thiol‐mediated retention. It might also favour the maturation of disulfide‐linked oligomeric proteins and their quality control.