Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operational Mortality of UK Service Personnel in Iraq and Afghanistan: A One Year Analysis 2006-7

Email: Prof.ADMEM@rcdm.bham. ac.uk Introduction Details of all UK military deaths on operations are collected from clinical notes, post mortem reports and incident reports and are held on the UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry, maintained by the Academic Department of Military Emergency Medicine (ADMEM) at the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine (RCDM). Analysis of these deaths is used to determine emerging injury patterns, to monitor clinical effectiveness, and to inform personal and vehicular protective systems. This paper evaluates UK Service deaths in the first year of operations in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, comparing hostile action wounding mechanisms, patterns, salvageability and preventability with UK Service deaths in Iraq for the same period.
Protein corona formation in bronchoalveolar fluid enhances diesel exhaust nanoparticle uptake and pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages

Abstract In biological fluids nanoparticles bind a range of molecules, particularly proteins, on their surface. The resulting protein corona influences biological activity and fate of nanoparticle in vivo. Corona composition is often determined by the biological milieu encountered at the entry portal into the body, and, can therefore, depend on the route of exposure to the nanoparticle. For environmental nanoparticles where exposure is by inhalation, this will be lung lining fluid. This study examined plasma and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) protein binding to engineered and environmental nanoparticles. We hypothesized that protein corona on nanoparticles would influence nanoparticle uptake and subsequent pro-inflammatory biological response in macrophages. All nanoparticles bound plasma and BALF proteins, but the profile of bound proteins varied between nanoparticles. Focusing on diesel exhaust nanoparticles (DENP), we identified proteins bound from plasma to include fibrinogen, and those bound from BALF to include albumin and surfactant proteins A and D. The presence on DENP of a plasma-derived corona or one of purified fibrinogen failed to evoke an inflammatory response in macrophages. However, coronae formed in BALF increased DENP uptake into macrophages two fold, and increased nanoparticulate carbon black (NanoCB) uptake fivefold. Furthermore, a BALF-derived corona increased IL-8 release from macrophages in response to DENP from 1720 ± 850 pg/mL to 5560 ± 1380 pg/mL (p = 0.014). These results demonstrate that the unique protein corona formed on nanoparticles plays an important role in determining biological reactivity and fate of nanoparticle in vivo. Importantly, these findings have implications for the mechanism of detrimental properties of environmental nanoparticles since the principle route of exposure to such particles is via the lung.
Nutrient-gene interactions and their role in complex diseases in dogs.

T dog was the first nonrodent mammalian animal chosen for genome sequencing by the National Institutes of Health, with the first draft of the canine genome completed in July 2004. Sequencing of the canine genome was a remarkable feat that has advanced canine research into a new realm with unlimited potential. In addition, advances in molecular biology, nanotechnology, and computer science have supplied scientists with an extensive set of experimental tools. For veterinarians, and particularly for veterinary nutritionists, these advances provide new avenues for companion animal research. Incorporating sequence data and genomic technology into research initiatives will greatly enhance our understanding of canine health and disease.
Stress fractures in the female athlete

Stress fractures are common among female athletes, especially runners. Although both intrinsic and extrinsic factors can contribute to stress injury etiology, the female athlete triad—negative energy balance leading to menstrual irregularity, and reduced bone mineral mass—is a significant contributor to the incidence of stress fractures in the female athlete. When combined with impact weight-bearing activity, this triad puts these women at increased risk for stress fractures. Treatment must focus on reversing identified risk factors, in addition to relative rest, and maintenance of fitness. Most stress fractures heal without complication. High-risk stress fractures should be evaluated and treated by a practitioner with expertise in the care of these injuries.
Spatio-Temporal Pulsating Dissipative Solitons through Collective Variable Methods

A semi-analytical approach for the pulsating solutions of the 3D complex Cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau Equation (CGLE) is presented in this article. A collective variable approach is used to obtain a system of variational equations which give the evolution of the light pulses parameters as a function of the propagation distance. The collective coordinate approach is incomparably faster than the direct numerical simulation of the propagation equation. This allows us to obtain, efficiently, a global mapping of the 3D pulsating soliton. In addition it allows describing the influence of the parameters of the equation on the various physical parameters of the pulse and their dynamics.
Milking of cows in late pregnancy: milk production during this period and during the succeeding lactation

Summary Fifteen lactating cows were milked throughout pregnancy, and the effects on milk performance were studied during this period and during the succeeding lactation, relative to 11 conventionally managed cows (2 months dry before calving) as controls. During the last 2 months of pregnancy, only nine cows did not dry off spontaneously. Protein and fat concentrations in milk increased rapidly, but the concentration of lactose, corrected for milk yield, did not change. The ratios of individual caseins to total protein decreased with the quantity of milk produced, but only for yields below ˜ 6 kg/d. The relative proportion of κ-casein tended to decrease in the last milkings. During the succeeding lactation (first 15 weeks after calving and first 6 weeks of grazing) continuously milked cows yielded 4 kg milk/d less than the cows of the other group. The protein content of their milk was higher (2–3 g/kg depending on the period) than that of the control group, and the lactose content tended (p < 0·10) to be lower. Changes in the relative proportions of nitrogenous fractions with time were not different in the two groups. Differences between the two groups in the concentration of protein in milk, and in the concentration of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids in the plasma, suggest a better energy balance for the continuously milked cows during the succeeding lactation.
Quality of Life of Patients Undergoing Surgical Treatment for Newly-Diagnosed, Clinically Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma

This investigation sought to evaluate the psychological needs of individuals (N = 28) undergoing nephrectomy for newly diagnosed, localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach. The qualitative component consisted of individual semi-structured interviews ≥4 weeks postnephrectomy. The quantitative component involved standardized measures assessing anxiety, depressive symptoms, psychological distress, and general and disease specific quality of life (QOL) prior to nephrectomy and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks postnephrectomy. This investigation provides a unique view of the experiences and needs of persons undergoing surgery for newly diagnosed, localized RCC and reveals that these individuals experience fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms.
BLOOD PARASITES OF ETHIOPIAN BIRDS 1. GENERAL SURVEY*

Five thousand and forty-six smears from 352 species of birds in Ethiopia were examined for blood parasites in an attempt to provide base-line data, to indicate fruitful areas for further study, on avian hematozoa. The prevalence of infection and the parasites found, with particular reference to Plasmodium, are discussed. At least 22 parasite species were recognized.
Consumers behavioral intentions to use mobile data services in Malaysia

Mobile data services have gained its popularity among mobile phone users even throughout the world, the voice calls revenue decreases and the mobile phone industry has been experiencing market saturation. With limited research pertaining to what are the factors that affect customers’ behavioral intention to use mobile data services, this study attempts to identify these factors and the extent to which they have affected customers’ behavioral intention to use mobile data services. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 2008 at Klang Valley, Malaysia. The samples used were mainly from the working population and graduate students. There were 404 valid respondents for the survey. The findings show that the factors perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, perceived mobility, social influence and perceived ease of use (in descending order of importance) had significant positive influences on consumers’ usage intentions for mobile data services. However, media influence and perceived monetary value were found to have no significant impact. The result from this study on technology adoption provides an insight perspective to product developers and marketers on consumers’ behavioral intentions to use the new emerging services that might replace the importance of voice data in the near future. Key words: Mobile data services, m-commerce, mobile telephone.
No association between antibodies to HTLV-1 and polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis and SLE.

The discovery of the first human retroviruses (1,2) has opened up a new way of thinking about their role in human diseases. Human retroviruses can affect T lymphocytes in different ways: (i) they can transform (1) as well as (ii) induce cytolysis (2) and they can also act on lymphocytes in more subtle ways, by changing their functions (3). Furthermore, (iv) these agents exhibit neurotrophism (4). All these observations have stimulated studies on the relationships between retroviruses and various diseases of unknown etiology (5, 6, 7). The present study was undertaken to establish whether an infection with human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) could be revealed by the presence of antiviral antibodies in the serum of patients with the autoimmune diseases systemic lupus erythe-matosus (SLE), polymyositis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Antithrombotic Strategy in Stroke

Summary Numerous randomised controlled trials have been devoted to antithrombotic strategy in stroke, thus making evidence-based recommendations possible. The use of antithrombotic drugs is crucial in the treatment of ischemic stroke though often limited by the inherent risk of intra-cerebral bleeding. In the prevention of stroke, the strategy depends on the underlying etiology: (i) antiplatelet drugs (with aspirin as first choice) in atherothrombotic stroke, and (ii) oral anticoagulants in cardioembolic stroke. In the acute treatment, the strategy depends on whether IV rt-PA can be performed; if rt-PA is available and approved, its use is recommended within 3 h of the onset of symptoms provided there is strict adherence to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In all other cases, aspirin is the treatment of choice, associated with low dose LMWH in the event of restricted mobility. There is no evidence for efficacy of high dose heparin (or LMWH) in stroke, except in cerebral venous thrombosis.
Techniques to improve detection and analysis of extracellular vesicles using flow cytometry

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) range in size from 50 nm to 1 µm. Flow cytometry (FCM) is the most commonly used method for analyzing EVs; however, accurate characterization of EVs remains challenging due to their small size and lack of discrete positive populations. Here we report the use of optimization techniques that are especially well‐suited for analyzing EVs from a high volume of clinical samples. Utilizing a two pronged approach that included 1) pre‐filtration of antibodies to remove aggregates, followed by 2) detergent lysis of a replicate sample to account for remaining false positive events, we were able to effectively limit false positive non‐EV events. In addition, we show that lysed samples are a useful alternative to isotypes for setting gates to exclude background fluorescence. To reduce background, we developed an approach using filters to “wash” samples post‐staining thus providing a faster alternative to ultracentrifugation and sucrose gradient fractionation. In conclusion, use of these optimized techniques enhances the accuracy and efficiency of EV detection using FCM. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Helicobacter pylori Activates Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Cascades and Induces Expression of the Proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun *

Helicobacter pylori is an etiological agent in the development of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. Patients infected with H. pylori carry a 3–6-fold increased risk of developing cancer compared with uninfected individuals. H. pylori strains expressing the cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA) are more frequently associated with the development of neoplasia than cagA-negative strains. However, the molecular mechanism by whichH. pylori causes neoplastic transformation remains unclear. Here we report that exposure of gastric epithelial cells to H. pylori induces activation of the transcription factor activator protein 1. Activation of the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun is strongly induced. We show that H. pylori activates the ERK/MAP kinase cascade, resulting in Elk-1 phosphorylation and increased c-fos transcription. H. pylori strains that do not express CagA or that are mutated incag genes encoded by the CagI pathogenicity island do not induce activator protein 1, MAP kinase activity, or c-fosor c-jun activation. Proto-oncogene activation may represent a crucial step in the pathomechanism of H. pyloriinduced neoplasia.
Sensitivity and specificity of executive function tests for Alzheimer’s disease

ABSTRACT Decline in executive function (EF) occurs early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and can interfere with daily functioning. Unfortunately, little is known about the relative ability of traditional EF tests to detect these cognitive changes. Given that timely diagnosis and intervention are essential to improving functional outcome in this population, our aim was to identify the specific EF measures that best differentiated mild dementia from normal aging. Thirty-one patients with mild AD and 31 controls were administered 7 EF tests. Findings indicated significant between-group differences on all measures except Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The remaining 6 tests displayed fair to good accuracy discriminating between AD cases and controls. Only category fluency and Tower of London test remained in the final regression model that yielded the highest AUC of 0.90, which was not statistically different from that of either test alone. Overall, most of the tests employed were valid for assessing mild EF disturbances. Specifically, the two measures can be used in isolation for quick screening or in combination to facilitate a more in-depth evaluation of EF performance. This study contributes to clinical field by testifying to the validity of various EF tests to identify AD-related compromises in this cognitive domain.
Proceedings of the Workshop and Tutorial on Learning Context-Free Grammars

This paper explores the use of initial Stochastic Context-F ree Grammars (SCFG) obtained from a treebank corpus for the learning o f SCFG by means of estimation algorithms. A hybrid language model is defined as a combination of a word-based n-gram, which is used to capture the local relati ons between words, and a category-based SCFG with a word distribution into categ ori s, which is defined to represent the long-term relations between these cate gories. Experiments on the UPenn Treebank corpus are reported. These experiments have been carried out in terms of the test set perplexity and the word error ate in a speech recognition experiment.
Surface protein characterization of human adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells

Human bone marrow stromal cells are a multipotent population of cells capable of differentiating into a number of mesodermal lineages as well as supporting hematopoeisis. Their distinct protein and gene expression phenotype is well characterized in the literature. Human adipose tissue presents an alternative source of multipotent stromal cells. In this study, we have defined the phenotype of the human adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells in both the differentiated and undifferentiated states. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry show that human adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells have a protein expression phenotype that is similar to that of human bone marrow stromal cells. Expressed proteins include CD9, CD10, CD13, CD29, CD34, CD44, CD 49d, CD 49e, CD54, CD55, CD59, CD105, CD106, CD146, and CD166. Expression of some of these proteins was further confirmed by PCR and immunoblot detection. Unlike human bone marrow‐derived stromal cells, we did not detect the STRO‐1 antigen on human adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells. Cells cultured under adipogenic conditions uniquely expressed C/EBPα and PPARδ, two transcriptional regulators of adipogenesis. Cells cultured under osteogenic conditions were more likely to be in the proliferative phases of the cell cycle based on flow cytometric analysis of PCNA and Ki67. The similarities between the phenotypes of human adipose tissue‐derived and human bone marrow‐derived stromal cells could have broad implications for human tissue engineering. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abundance of Sulfonamide-resistant Bacteria and Their Resistance Genes in Integrated Aquaculture-agriculture Ponds, North Vietnam

The use of antibiotics in livestock production is a potential source of antibiotic contamination, which may increase the presence of antibiotic- resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment. Antibiotic resistance genes can be spread via the food web and through hydrologic processes to human pathogens. We examined the abundance of sulfonamide-resistant (SR) bacteria and their resistance genes in water samples from integrated aquaculture- agriculture (VAC) sites. Among the VAC sites investigated, all were contaminated by sulfonamides with varying concentrations and all showed the presence of sulfamethoxazole resistant bacteria (SMX r ). Farms rearing pig and duck (pig+duck VAC) showed high contamination with sulfamethazine. SMX r in other sites were less than that in the pig+duck VAC. The SR genes, sul1, sul2 and sul3, were detected from SR isolates with 45-95%. The prevalence of each gene was sul1 (50%), sul2 (21.17%) and sul3 (4.17%). SR isolates possessing plural sul genes belonged to eight genera (Bacillus, Terrabacter, Agrococcus, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Dietzia and Shigella). The present study revealed that SR bacteria were distributed in various bacterial groups, including potential human pathogens. This report suggests that the aquatic environment is a reservoir of sul genes, in which the genes may be transferred among not only aquatic bacteria but also human related bacteria.
tRNA-dependent amino acid discrimination by yeast seryl-tRNA synthetase.

The ability of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to distinguish between similar amino acids is crucial for accurate translation of the genetic code. Saccharomyces cerevisiae seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) employs tRNA-dependent recognition of its cognate amino acid serine [Lenhard, B. , Filipic, S. , Landeka, I. , Skrtic, I. , Söll, D. & Weygand-Durasevic, I. (1997) J. Biol. Chem.272, 1136-1141]. Here we show that dimeric SerRS enzyme complexed with one molecule of tRNASer is more specific and more efficient in catalyzing seryl-adenylate formation than the apoenzyme alone. Sequence-specific tRNA-protein interactions enhance discrimination of the amino acid substrate by yeast SerRS and diminish the misactivation of the structurally similar noncognate threonine. This may proceed via a tRNA-induced conformational change in the enzyme's active site. The 3'-terminal adenosine of tRNASer is not important in effecting the rearrangement of the serine binding site. Our results do not provide an indication for a readjustment of ATP binding in a tRNA-assisted manner. The stoichiometric analyses of the complexes between the enzyme and tRNASer revealed that two cognate tRNA molecules can be bound to dimeric SerRS, however, with very different affinities.
Autonomous, Controlled, and Amotivated Types of Academic Motivation: A Person-Oriented Analysis

The authors investigated students' profiles regarding autonomous, controlled, and amotivated regulation and tested whether profile groups differed on some academic adjustment outcomes. Studies 1 and 2 performed on high school students revealed 3 profiles: (a) students with high levels of both controlled motivation and amotivation but low levels of autonomous motivation, (b) students with high levels of both controlled and autonomous motivation but low levels of amotivation, and (c) students with moderate levels of both autonomous and controlled motivations but low levels of amotivation. These first 2 studies revealed that students in the high autonomous/high controlled group reported the highest degree of academic adjustment. Study 3 performed on college students revealed 3 profiles: (a) students with high levels of autonomous motivations but low levels of both controlled motivation and amotivation, (b) students with high levels of both autonomous and controlled motivation but low levels of amotivation, and (c) students with low to moderate levels of the various motivational components. Study 3 indicated that students in the autonomous group were more persistent than students in the other groups. Results are discussed in light of self-determination theory (E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 1985).
Carcinoma of the tonsillar region: A multivariate analysis of 243 patients treated with radical radiotherapy

Between October 1964 and June 1990, 243 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsillar region were treated with continuous‐course radical radiotherapy at the University of Florida. All patients had a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. Patients were staged according to the AJCC system; stage IV was stratified into two subsets: favorable, IVA (T1‐T3 or N2A‐N3A); and unfavorable, IVB (T4 or N3B). The initial and ultimate local control rates (including surgical salvage) according to T stage were as follows: T1, 87% and 100%, T2, 79% and 92%; T3, 71% and 76%; and T4, 44% and 48%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that anterior extension of the primary tumor (p = .0001) and T stage (p = .014) were the most significant parameters affecting local control after radiotherapy. For T4 lesions, twice‐daily irradiation significantly improved local control (p = .04). The 5‐year absolute and cause‐specific survival rates as a function of modified AJCC stage were as follows: 1, 37% and 100%; 11, 55% and 90%; 111, 55% and 85%; IVA, 35% and 60%; and IVB, 23% and 38%. The probability of a severe complication was 3% for the entire group of patients.