Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Residual HIV-1 RNA in blood plasma of patients taking suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy.

CONTEXT Despite suppressive treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), replication-competent virus can still be isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and genital cells of many individuals receiving suppressive HAART. OBJECTIVE To determine whether free virion RNA can be detected in the blood plasma and/or genital tract fluids from patients receiving suppressive HAART. DESIGN Prospective cohort study conducted from November 1998 to May 1999. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS Human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected individuals (20 men and 2 women) shown in our laboratories to have fewer than 50 copies/mL of HIV-1 RNA in peripheral blood plasma while taking suppressive HAART. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Free virion RNA levels in peripheral blood plasma and genital fluids, quantified using an ultrasensitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction able to quantify cell-free virion RNA to a lower limit of 5 copies/mL and qualitatively detect viral RNA below this level. RESULTS In all 22 patients, residual viral RNA could be detected in the peripheral blood plasma (mean level, 17 copies/mL). The presence of viral RNA suggests that ongoing viral replication is occurring, albeit at low levels, in each patient evaluated. Viral RNA levels were lower in most patients' genital fluids compared with blood plasma and in 12 patients were undetectable. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that low-level replication of HIV-1 in patients taking suppressive HAART may be demonstrated not only in peripheral blood mononuclear cells but also in peripheral plasma as cell-free virion RNA. Complete ablation of viral replication may require intensification of antiretroviral therapies beyond standard suppressive HAART.
Optimal hydration status for cryopreservation of intermediate oily seeds: Citrus as a case study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the basis of the optimal hydration status for cryopreservation of intermediate oily seeds using Citrus as a model. METHODS The relationships between equilibrium relative humidity (RH), seed water content, presence of freezable water as determined by DSC analysis, and germination percentage after immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN) were investigated in Citrus aurantifolia, C. grandis, C. madurensis and C. reticulata. The relationship between the lipid content of seeds and their unfrozen water content was also investigated. KEY RESULTS Independent of their level of seed desiccation tolerance, the optimal desiccation RH for seed tolerance to LN exposure was 75-80 % in the four species studied. This optimal hydration status always coincided with that at which presence of frozen water could not be detected in seed tissues during the cooling/thawing process. The unfrozen water content of seeds was variable between species and negatively correlated to seed lipid content. Using the present data, those obtained previously in seven coffee species and those reported by other authors for five other species, a significant linear relationship was found between the lipid content and the unfrozen water content of seeds. CONCLUSIONS This study provides additional evidence that intermediate oily seeds do not withstand the presence of freezable water in their tissues during the cooling/warming process. Moreover, it offers two important applied perspectives: (1) independent of their level of desiccation tolerance, testing germination of seeds of a given oily seed species after equilibration in 75-80 % RH at 25 degrees C and LN exposure, gives a rapid and reliable evaluation of the possibility of cryopreserving whole seeds of this given species; (2) it is now possible to calculate the interval of water contents in which non-orthodox oily seeds of a given species are likely to withstand LN exposure as a function of their lipid content.
Rectification of currents activated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat sympathetic ganglion neurones.

1. The inward rectification of the whole‐cell current evoked by acetylcholine (ACh) and other nicotinic agonists in rat sympathetic ganglion neurones has been studied using patch‐clamp recording techniques. The selective nicotinic agonist 1,1‐dimethyl‐4‐phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP) (20 microM) induced an average peak current of ‐367 pA at ‐50 mV but no detectable outward current at +50 mV. Similar observations were made with ACh and carbachol. 2. The current‐voltage relation of the whole‐cell response induced by DMPP was linear in the negative voltage range; however, there was no detectable outward current in the voltage range 0 to about +70 mV. Above +70 mV an outward current became clearly detectable. Rapid depolarizing jumps in the holding potential failed to reveal any rapidly decaying outward current. 3. The rectification was not alleviated by changing the main permeant cation, by removal of divalent cations from the intracellular or extracellular solutions or by altering the pH buffer in the extracellular solution from HEPES to Tris. 4. Intracellular magnesium ions can block the channel. This effect increases with depolarization, but dissociation outwards (i.e. permeation by Mg2+) appears to relieve the block at more extreme positive potentials. This effect alone, or in combination with the voltage dependence of the burst length, is unlikely to be able to account for the whole‐cell rectification in intact cells, much less that seen in cells perfused with Mg2(+)‐free intracellular medium. 5. When the reversal potential was shifted to approximately ‐50 mV (by the use of impermeant cations) nicotinic agonists produced small outward currents in the membrane potential range ‐20 to +10 mV while shifting it to about +40 mV produced small inward currents in the potential range 0 to +20 mV. The rectification therefore appears to be independent of the direction of current flow and is maximum at a potential positive to 0 mV. 6. At positive potentials the receptors desensitized much less than at negative potentials in the continued presence of agonist. Thus, exposure of the cells to a steady application of 30 microM‐ACh produced no detectable response if the cell was at a positive potential, but when the cell was stepped to a negative potential in the continued presence of ACh (at a time when much of the ACh current would be expected to have desensitized), ACh induced a large inward current. The onset of the ACh current had a time constant of 10 ms. It then decayed with a time constant of 790 ms as desensitization developed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Low-Profile Dual-Band Textile Antenna With Artificial Magnetic Conductor Plane

A dual-band textile antenna loaded with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) plane is proposed for WLAN applications. Its dual-band operation is enabled by a rectangular patch in the 2.4 GHz band and a patch-etched slot dipole in the 5 GHz band. Since the AMC approaches a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) in the 5 GHz band, the slot dipole can be located close to the ground. The proposed antenna is fully fabricated using textiles except for a feeding connector used for testing purposes and a via. Simulations and experiments agree well and validate that this low profile antenna operates with a good reflection coefficient and a high front-to-back ratio (FBR) within the desired bands.
The NPL Mark II Watt Balance: Final measurements at NPL

Following the measurements made in the first half of 2008 and damage from a lightning strike in July 2008, final modifications and repairs to the NPL Mark II Watt Balance were completed in November 2008. The apparatus was realigned and measurements made from December 2008 to its shutdown in June 2009. A possible source of significant systematic error was discovered in June 2009 and initial tests were made to determine the magnitude of the effect. The apparatus has been transferred to NRC Canada and was dismantled and dispatched in the summer of 2009. It will be rebuilt in 2010.
UTERINE ACTION AFTER INDUCTION OF LABOUR WITH ORAL PROSTAGLANDIN E2 TABLETS COMPARED WITH INTRAVENOUS OXYTOCIN

Uterine action throughout the whole of labour induced by low amniotomy and either oral prostaglandin E2 tablets or intravenous oxytocin was studied in 10 randomly matched pairs of patients. Oral prostaglandin E2 tablets induced fewer contractions per hour, and these contractions were longer and more variable in length than those induced by intravenous oxytocin. There was no difference in basal uterine tone or in the amplitude of contractions. A comparison was made between the outcome of labour induced by low amniotomy and either oral prostaglandin E2 tablets 0.5 mg. hourly in 65 patients, or intravenous oxytocin in 41 patients. This dose of prostaglandin E2 tablets was an inadequate adjunct to low amniotomy in nulliparous patients. Despite this, the induction‐delivery interval for the whole prostaglandin group was not significantly greater than that for the oxytocin group. There were no significant differences in fetal heart rate pattern, or in the incidence of gastro‐intestinal side‐effects between the two groups.
ORAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF ELDERLY PEOPLE LIVING IN THE ARKHANGELSK REGION

Kunavina, Karina: Oral health assessment of elderly people living in the Arkhangelsk region, Russia Pro gradu thesis: 75 pages, 2 appendices November 2016 _________________________________________________________________________ This thesis analyses the oral health of elderly people living in Arkhangelsk, Russia. Complex oral health assessment includes objective, standardized dental tests and indices recommended by WHO. The aim of the study was to determine the alterations in dental, periodontal, salivary, glossal and immune status of oral health in elderly persons, the influence of possible unhealthy habits on the health of oral cavity and to compare these indicators with literary sources. The research focuses on elderly people older than 60 years old, who reside in a home for the elderly in Arkhangelsk. Modern world social and health tendencies dictate the necessity of ongoing research of the aging population problem. Aging is a natural phenomenon and an inevitable process but when the number of old-aged people exceeds the number of working-age population it causes serious modifications in health care, economics, social support and so forth. The socio-demographic situation in the Arkhangelsk region is characterized by a considerable increase in the number of retirement age people who suffer from severe somatic disorders. Organs and tissues of the mouth do not represent an exception, so the elderly experience serious problems with their oral health as well. The hypothesis of the study has proved to be mostly true: our conclusion is that the youngold and the old demonstrate poor oral health. We have observed 100% prevalence of caries and decayed, missed, filled teeth index (DMFT) = 24,5 with predominance of missing teeth; the level of hygiene equals to 3,4; poor condition of dentures; high prevalence of periodontal diseases and oral mucosa lesions; low salivary flow rate (0,08 ml/min) and pH (6,0), high saliva viscosity and deterioration of the oral immunity indicators such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), immunoglobulin G (IgG), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and cortisol. This study may be used to formulate recommendations for the elderly, social workers and health management bodies to improve the oral wellbeing of this group of people. The data received during this study can be also be of use for other countries of the Barents region in two similar respects: dental features of the aging population and the influence of living conditions in the North on oral health. _________________________________________________________________________
Current concepts in monitoring patients on antimalarials.

Summary 1. Patients should be assessed within 6 months after starting antimalarials. 2. Appropriate examination should include visual acuity, colour vision testing (Ishihara), Amsler and corneal examination. 3. Routine automated perimetry is not indicated. 4. Patients with no risk factors need to be examined no more than once a year.
Academic and institutional capacity: a global issue.

Pharmacistsinmanycountriesaretoofewinnumberandtrainedatacriticallyinsufficientscale.Onaverageinthe United Kingdom, for example, there is 1 pharmacistfor every 1,300 people. In Uganda, there is 1 for every140,000, and local health authorities estimate that thereis only one third of the required pharmacist workforce.Ethiopia has only 1000 pharmacists in a country witha population of 80 million, and in Malawi, where a newschoolofpharmacyhasrecentlyopened,thereareonly30pharmacists. The scaling up and quality improvement ofpharmacy education and training is essential for tacklingworkforceshortages,meetingbasichealthneeds,andsav-inglives.Thecapacitytoprovidepharmaceuticalservicesin each country is dependent on 2 workforce needs: anappropriately trained pharmacyworkforce to providetheservices,andacompetentandcommittedacademicwork-force to train sufficient numbers of new pharmacists andother pharmacy support staff at both basic and enhancedlevels.Theseeachdependonappropriatelyresourcedac-ademic institutions composed of students who have thenecessary intellectual and emotional competence to bechange agents for health in their communities.One response to the global shortage of pharmacistshas been an increase in the size and number of pharmacyschools in both developed and developing countries. Anexpansioninthenumberofpharmacygraduatesoccurredor was recommended in the United Kingdom,
Anti‐B cell and anti‐cytokine therapy for the treatment of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: past, present, and future

Abstract: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐induced post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a rare but severe complication of solid organ and bone‐marrow transplantation. When possible, reduction of immunosuppressive treatment or surgery for localized disease may cure PTLD. Therapeutic approaches using chemotherapy or antiviral drugs have limited effects on survival. Adoptive immunotherapy with donor T cell infusions has shown promising results in bone‐marrow transplantation. The use of anti‐B cell monoclonal antibodies is herein reported as a safe and efficient therapy for severe PTLD. Because IL6 has been described as a growth factor for EBV‐infected B cells, anti‐IL6 monoclonal antibody therapy was also tested in a phase I–II clinical trial, the results of which are summarized.
Parent Satisfaction Comparing Two Bandage Materials Used During Serial Casting in Infants*

Plaster of Paris was compared with semirigid fiberglass casting material during serial casting in 17 infants with clubfoot or rigid metatarsus adductus. Semirigid fiberglass was statistically superior in its durability, convenience, performance, and ease of removal. The average amount of time for home cast removal by the parents was 55 minutes for plaster of Paris and 21 minutes for semirigid fiberglass. Complications such as skin abrasions and cast slip-off were similar for both casting materials. Ninety-four percent of parents strongly preferred semirigid fiberglass rather than plaster of Paris for their child's serial casting.
Shear Melting and Orientation of a Lyotropic Cubic Phase

A bicontinuous lyotropic cubic phase, composed of the nonionic surfactant pentaethylene glycol dodecyl ether (C 12 E 5 ), heavy water (D 2 O) and tetradecane (C 14 H 30 ), was investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The cubic phase is stable only in a narrow temperature and composition range. Upon increasing the oil content the phase melts to an L 3 phase and at higher temperature it is in equilibrium with a lamellar (L α ) phase. The scattering function of the powder cubic sample is dominated by a strong correlation peak at q = 0.057 A −1 in addition to a small hump at q 0.11 A −1 . From the known area per C 12 E 5 molecule at the polar/apolar interface the lattice parameter is calculated for different minimal surface model structures. The position of the dominating reflection from the cubic phase is found to be consistent with the spacing between the 211 planes of the thyroid minimal surface structure. The erect of shear on the scattering pattern was investigated using a Couette shear cell. Under shear a weakly anisotropic scattering pattern was obtained. From a separate rheology experiments it was concluded that shearing the sample has the erect of melting the long range cubic order, presumably into a fluid disordered L 3 phase. When turning or the shear, the cubic phase recrystallises with a preferred orientation. The diffraction pattern is consistent with the diffraction from 211 planes with one major and one minor population in the orientation of the axis. A major population having the axis parallel to the shear velocity (i.e. the tangent direction), and a minor component having the axis parallel to the velocity gradient
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: Young's procedure in the management of epistaxis

Abstract Two cases of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia are presented. Epistaxis was intractable in both patients. Young's procedure proved successful in controlling nose bleeds. One of the patients has been followed-up for 14 years. Methods of treatment are discussed with a review of the literature.
Caregiver awareness of prone play recommendations.

We examined caregiver awareness of the American Academy of Pediatrics' prone play recommendation, determined the primary sources of the recommendation, and examined why some infants are not provided "tummy time. " Of caregivers, 25% were not aware of prone play recommendations, and one-fourth of that group was not aware of potential complications from limited tummy time. The primary sources of prone play information and potential complications were printed materials, then pediatricians. Of infants, 53% received < or = 30 min; 35% were intolerant of the prone position. This study indicates that many caregivers are not aware of tummy time and complications that can occur if it is not provided. Health care professionals, including therapists, must educate parents on the importance of prone play and provide information on how to increase infant tolerance for prone play time.
Perceptions of water use

Significance Public perceptions of water use are explored using an online survey (N = 1,020). Results show that participants underestimated water use by a factor of 2 on average, with large underestimates for high water-use activities. High numeracy scores, older age, and male sex were associated with more accurate perceptions of water use. Overall, perception of water use is more accurate than the perception of energy consumption and savings previously reported, however perceptions of both resources show significant underestimation. In a national online survey, 1,020 participants reported their perceptions of water use for household activities. When asked for the most effective strategy they could implement to conserve water in their lives, or what other Americans could do, most participants mentioned curtailment (e.g., taking shorter showers, turning off the water while brushing teeth) rather than efficiency improvements (e.g., replacing toilets, retrofitting washers). This contrasts with expert recommendations. Additionally, some participants are more likely to list curtailment actions for themselves, but list efficiency actions for other Americans. For a sample of 17 activities, participants underestimated water use by a factor of 2 on average, with large underestimates for high water-use activities. An additional ranking task showed poor discrimination of low vs. high embodied water content in food products. High numeracy scores, older age, and male sex were associated with more accurate perceptions of water use. Overall, perception of water use is more accurate than the perception of energy consumption and savings previously reported. Well-designed efforts to improve public understanding of household water use could pay large dividends for behavioral adaptation to temporary or long-term decreases in availability of fresh water.
Interleukin-10 and Receptors in Treatment Rheumatoid Arthritis

The progressive destruction of cartilage and bone in rheumatoid arthritis(RA) cause substantial effects in the synovial membrane and, this is dangerous for rheumatoid arthritis patients, macrophages play a potent stimulating role in synovial inflammation. Accordingly, we purposed in this review to study both treatment of AR by interleukin 10 (IL-10), and receptors with signalization pathway IL-10/Jak/Stat3. Recent work indicates that the production of IL-10 in a target is important in animal models for the relief of AR. Previous studies on animals have provided that IL-10 administration could ameliorate the symptoms of AR. In addition, IL-10 receptors (rIL-10) application in human clinical test versus in AR date a decade. It is unbelievable that the toleration of IL-10 was very better in contrast with other cytokines, and also the efficacy and tolerability of human IL-10 for CD. However, the identification of IL-10, and the role of IL-10 within synovial joints, established in rheumatoid arthritis is poorly understood incompletely with an insufficient knowledge of its biology.is still limited. Further studies are very important for discovering of a new immunotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis treatment by IL-10. Therefore, we discuss new insights into IL-10 regulation of the inflammatory response in AR.
Unimanual, bimanual and bilateral weight perception of virtual objects in the Master Finger 2 environment

Human users can obtain information about the physical properties of an object through direct manipulation with one or two hands. Object manipulation of virtual objects using force feedback haptic interfaces is very challenging due to current technological constrains that often affect the information obtained by the user. Here, we describe the Master Finger 2 (MF2), a force feedback device which allows manipulation of one or more objects with one or two hands. We use experimental data to evaluate the performance of MF2 based on its capability to simulate effectively the weight of virtual objects. The results and implications for system design are discussed.
Cisplatin‐Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Mouse Hybrid Neurons Is Blocked by Antioxidants Through Suppression of Cisplatin‐Mediated Accumulation of p53 but Not of Fas/Fas Ligand

Abstract: Peripheral neuropathy following cisplatin treatment is a major limiting factor in cisplatin chemotherapy of cancer patients. We investigated the pathomechanism underlying cisplatin neuropathy using a mouse dorsal root ganglion neuron‐neuroblastoma hybrid cell line (N18D3) developed in our laboratory. DNA fragmentation, a characteristic feature of apoptosis, was induced in hybrid neurons following treatment with cisplatin. Accumulation of p53, Fas, and Fas ligand (Fas‐L) was also demonstrated in these neurons. Preincubation with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, blocked cisplatin‐induced apoptosis completely, whereas Trolox, a vitamin E analogue, blocked it partially. Cisplatin‐induced p53 accumulation was suppressed by NAC treatment, whereas p53 accumulation was retarded by Trolox treatment. In contrast, neither NAC nor Trolox showed any inhibitory effect on cisplatin‐induced Fas/Fas‐L accumulation. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of antioxidants against cisplatin‐induced neurotoxicity in hybrid neurons are mediated mainly through the inhibition of p53 accumulation but not of Fas/Fas‐L accumulation by these antioxidants.