Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The transition to marriage and changes in alcohol involvement among black couples and white couples.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess whether the reduction in alcohol involvement typically associated with the transition to marriage differs for blacks, compared with whites. METHOD Couples (n = 248, white; n = 100, black) in which both partners were entering into their first marriage were assessed at the time of marriage, their first anniversary and their second anniversary. At each wave, husbands and wives were each given an identical questionnaire packet to complete independently at home and a postage-paid envelope for packet return. A broad range of constructs was assessed, including personality characteristics, relationship functioning, drinking behaviors and social network characteristics. Alcohol involvement measures included average daily volume of consumption, frequency of heavy drinking, alcohol-related problems and alcohol dependence. RESULTS Whites decreased their frequency of heavy drinking and alcohol dependence over the early marital years, whereas blacks remained relatively stable. Alcohol problem trajectories were similar for wives of both races. White men reported a decline in alcohol problems, whereas black men reported an increase in problems over the first 2 years of marriage. Racial differences in the alcohol involvement trajectories could not be attributable to racial differences in family formation or demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest limited generalizability of previous research, indicating a reduction in alcohol involvement associated with the transition to marriage. Individuals who continue to drink heavily after this transition may be at an especially high risk for the subsequent development of serious alcohol and marital problems.
Du rythme dans l'acquisition et le traitement de la parole

Des donnees recentes suggerent que certaines des procedures utilisees par les adultes dans le traitement de la parole dependent du type de rythme de leur langue maternelle. Cherchant a determiner comment ces procedures sont acquises, nous avons propose, et commence a explorer, l'hypothese selon laquelle les enfants pourraient s'appuyer sur les proprietes rythmiques des enonces entendus pour specifier les procedures adaptees a leur traitement. Dans cette optique, nous avons, dans un premier temps, mis en evidence l'existence de differences acoustiques portant sur des proprietes de duree liees aux voyelles, entre trois langues (le francais, l'anglais et le japonais) representant trois classes de rythme, respectivement, les classes syllabique, a "stress" et moraique. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons etabli que les nouveau-nes discriminent des enonces issus de differentes langues uniquement lorsque ces langues sont de rythme different, et aussi qu'ils categorisent les langues en fonction de leur rythme. Ces resultats suggerent que les enonces de differents types rythmiques sont representes differemment par les nouveau-nes. Toutefois, nous avons montre que ces differentes representations ne sont pas liees a l'utilisation de differentes unites rythmiques, ce qui suggere l'existence d'un format de representation identique a tous les enonces. Nous avons alors propose que les nouveau-nes pourraient etre dotes d'un filtre rythmique qui leur permettrait de preciser le type de rythme de la langue parlee dans leur entourage et, de la, de specifier les procedures adaptees au traitement de cette langue. Ce filtre rythmique reposerait sur une representation du signal de parole qui consisterait en la specification de la sequence de voyelles de ce signal.
Second Mortgages: Valuation and Implications for the Performance of Structured Financial Products

We provide an analytic valuation framework to value second mortgages and first lien mortgages when owners can take out a second lien. We then use the framework to value mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and, in particular, quantify the greater risk associated with MBS backed by first liens that have "silent seconds''. Rating securities without accounting for the equity extraction option results in much higher ratings than warranted by expected loss. While the senior tranche’s rating should be A1 rather than Aaa in our benchmark calibration, the big losers from the equity extraction option are the mezzanine tranches who get wiped out.
Pavlovian conditioning with ethanol and lithium: effects on heart rate and taste aversion in rats.

Rats received paired injections of either ethanol or saline as the conditioned stimulus and lithium chloride as the unconditioned stimulus (US) in a Pavlovian differential conditioning paradigm. Lithium chloride evoked a large deceleration in heart rate (80-100 beats per minute) as an unconditioned response. As a result of 10 conditioning trials, the substance paired with LiCl elicited a lower average heart rate than that elicited by the unpaired substance. Moreover, animals that received ethanol-LiCl injections subsequently were more averse to the taste of ethanol than animals receiving saline-LiCl pairings. However, there were no differences in ethanol's ability to serve as the US to induce an aversion to a novel flavor solution (i.e., the Avfail phenomenon was not observed). The overall pattern of results underscores the value of using multiple indexes of learning in drug-drug conditioning paradigms.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring in the Identification of Neonatal Encephalopathy

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of electronic fetal heart rate abnormalities in the identification of neonates with encephalopathy treated with whole-body hypothermia. METHODS: Between January 1, 2007, and July 1, 2013, there were 39 neonates born at two hospitals within our system treated with whole-body hypothermia within 6 hours of birth. Neurologically normal control neonates were matched to each case by gestational age and mode of delivery in a two-to-one fashion. The last hour of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring before delivery was evaluated by three obstetricians blinded to outcome. RESULTS: The differences in tracing category were not significantly different (neonates in the case group 10.3% I, 76.9% II, 12.8% III; neonates in the control group 9.0% I, 89.7% II, 1.3% III; P=.18). Bivariate analysis showed neonates in the case group had significantly increased late decelerations, total deceleration area 30 (debt 30) and 60 minutes (debt 60) before delivery and were more likely to be nonreactive. Multivariable logistic regression showed neonates in the case group had a significant decrease in early decelerations (P=.03) and a significant increase in debt 30 (.01) and debt 60 (P=.005). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.72, 23.1%, and 94.9% for early decelerations; 0.66, 33.3%, and 87.2% for debt 30, and 0.68, 35.9%, and 89.7% for debt 60, respectively. CONCLUSION: Abnormalities during the last hour of fetal heart rate monitoring before delivery are poorly predictive of neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy qualifying for whole-body hypothermia treatment within 6 hours of birth. LEVEL OF EVIEDENCE: II
Abstract 176: The presence of RNA polymerase II, active or stalled, predicts epigenetic fate of promoter CpG islands

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Aberrant DNA methylation of promoter CpG islands (CGIs) is deeply involved in cancers and other disorders. Contrary to our initial expectations, aberrant methylation is now recognized to possess several unique characteristics different from mutations [Ushijima and Asada, Cancer Sci, 2010]. One of the remarkable differences is target gene specificity. Specific cancers have aberrant methylation of specific genes, and specific inducers of methylation, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, induce methylation of specific genes [Nakajima et al, Int J Cancer, 2009]. As the mechanism of target gene specificity (namely, instructive mechanism), low transcription levels and trimethylation of histone H3 lysine27 (H3K27me3) in precursor cells are known to promote methylation induction. However, factors that protect genes from aberrant methylation are unknown. To identify protective factors, we first isolated 5,510 and 521 genes resistant and susceptible, respectively, to aberrant methylation induction by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP)-on-chip analysis of nucleosome-free regions of promoter CGIs in normal prostatic epithelial cells and four prostate cancer cell lines. Then, by gene expression analysis, the susceptible genes were shown to have low transcription levels in normal prostatic epithelial cells. Finally, by ChIP-on-chip analysis in normal prostatic epithelial cells, we revealed that, even among the genes with low transcription, genes with high active histone modifications and binding of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) had marked resistance to aberrant methylation induction, and confirmed that genes with high H3K27me3 had marked susceptibility to aberrant methylation induction. On the other hand, another repressive histone modification, trimethylation of histone H3 lysine9 (H3K9me3), was not associated with resistance or susceptibility. By multivariate analysis, Pol II binding showed stronger influence on the resistance than active histone modifications, and H3K27me3 showed independent influence on the susceptibility. The same was true in normal mammary epithelial cells for 5,430 and 733 genes resistant and susceptible, respectively, to aberrant methylation in breast cancers [Takeshima et al, Genome Res, 2009]. These results indicated that the presence of Pol II, active or stalled, protects promoter CGIs from aberrant DNA methylation, independently of transcription levels. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 176.
Isolated effect of geometry on mitral valve function for in silico model development

Computational models for the heart's mitral valve (MV) exhibit several uncertainties that may be reduced by further developing these models using ground-truth data-sets. This study generated a ground-truth data-set by quantifying the effects of isolated mitral annular flattening, symmetric annular dilatation, symmetric papillary muscle (PM) displacement and asymmetric PM displacement on leaflet coaptation, mitral regurgitation (MR) and anterior leaflet strain. MVs were mounted in an in vitro left heart simulator and tested under pulsatile haemodynamics. Mitral leaflet coaptation length, coaptation depth, tenting area, MR volume, MR jet direction and anterior leaflet strain in the radial and circumferential directions were successfully quantified at increasing levels of geometric distortion. From these data, increase in the levels of isolated PM displacement resulted in the greatest mean change in coaptation depth (70% increase), tenting area (150% increase) and radial leaflet strain (37% increase) while annular dilatation resulted in the largest mean change in coaptation length (50% decrease) and regurgitation volume (134% increase). Regurgitant jets were centrally located for symmetric annular dilatation and symmetric PM displacement. Asymmetric PM displacement resulted in asymmetrically directed jets. Peak changes in anterior leaflet strain in the circumferential direction were smaller and exhibited non-significant differences across the tested conditions. When used together, this ground-truth data-set may be used to parametrically evaluate and develop modelling assumptions for both the MV leaflets and subvalvular apparatus. This novel data may improve MV computational models and provide a platform for the development of future surgical planning tools.
Self-audit: its effect on quality of care.

Using a crossover design, it is shown that an individual criteria setting followed by immediate feedback of previous performance produced a sustained and continuing improvement in recording for two common conditions (cystitis and vaginitis). The intervention, which is simple and could easily be applied in other settings, produced improvements significant at the P = . 001 level. The study controlled for overall improvement in record keeping. Further testing of this method of influencing physician performance is warranted.
Overview of non-destructive evaluation techniques for metal-based additive manufacturing

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional printing/digital or additive manufacturing is an area that is taking off with considerable rapidity and magnitude. In the same time, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) is playing an important role in the acceptance of additively manufactured parts, in order to provide the required confidence in the quality of the part and its expected safety and performance while in service. This article represents a summary addressing the subject of applicable NDE techniques to detect manufacturing anomalies and service-induced flaws. The topic is relatively new, attracting much research attention and funding, while in the meantime manufacturing processes are continuously improving. The number of publications covering additive manufacturing is increasing exponentially, and everyday new articles, conferences, and workshops are bringing out new information.
Emerging Antimicrobial Resistances Among Proteus mirabilis in Europe: Report from the MYSTIC Program (1997-2001)

Abstract Resistance patterns that are currently problematic in Europe can vary greatly within the same species over time, among various patient populations and among geographic regions on the same continent. The results from the Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection (MYSTIC) Program, which monitors carbapenem resistance rates in institutions using meropenem, were used to determine resistance differences among Proteus mirabilis. MIC results from 688 P. mirabilis strains were classified into 4 patient care groups: ICU (n=426), neutropenia patients (NP; n=145), general wards (n=97) and cystic fibrosis patients (CF; n=20). A total of 40 centers from 12 European countries have participated since 1997, divided into 3 geographic regions (East, North, South). All testing was performed by NCCLS reference methods and interpretive criteria, including screening of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes. Over the monitored interval the resistance rates varied for each agent without a clear trend toward a greater rate. Rank order of susceptibility was: meropenem (99%) > piperacillin/tazobactam (TAZ; 96%) > cefepime (95%) > ceftazidime (CAZ; 94%) > imipenem (IPM; 92%). Ciprofloxacin (CIP) was the least active agent tested (MIC90, 4 μg/ml; 86% susceptible). Unexpectedly, 3.6% of P. mirabilis were imipenem-resistant (MIC, >16 μg/ml). Greater rates of resistance were found for strains from NP and CF patients, and from eastern or southern European sites, usually associated with epidemic clusters. Generally susceptible species such as P. mirabilis have recently emerged as therapeutic problems in European medical centers following mutations that compromise CIP, CAZ and aminoglycoside use. Imipenem also showed decreased susceptibility of greater than 7% compared to less than 1% for meropenem. Continued surveillance by the MYSTIC Program appears to be a prudent practice to focus effective empiric treatment regimens.
The importance of understanding how convection organizes cannot be understated. In the aforementioned idealized modeling studies, for instance, the development of large-scale convective organization through self-aggregation alters the mean temperature and moisture

Convective cloud clusters are responsible for most of the rainfall and cloudiness over the tropics, therefore modulating the radiative heating and cooling rates of the surface and atmosphere and influencing the large-scale circulation and moisture distribution. Therefore, understanding how and why tropical convection organizes is important for understanding both tropical and global climate variability. In this study, the problem is approached through the context of idealized modeling of convective organization in radiative-convective equilibrium using a cloud resolving model. Previous studies have investigated interactions between the environment and the convection that allow convection to self-aggregate into a single cluster, and have found this self-aggregation to be dependent sea surface temperature, domain size, and horizontal resolution. To examine the nature of this SST threshold, we will perform threedimensional cloud system resolving simulations with a doubly periodic horizontal domain, and interactive radiation and surface fluxes. These simulations will assess the plausible physical mechanisms controlling the self-aggregation phenomenon and its sensitivities. This work is a follow up of CISL Project Number 35171154, which was previously awarded GAU’s on Bluefire through small allocations. The NSF Award on convective organization and climate explicitly stated understanding the physics of self-aggregation as one of its objectives and discussed addressing that question through the use of full-physics cloud system resolving models.
Geochemical characteristics of Gabbroic rocks in Zyarat in North East of Iran

Iran’in kuzeydogusu, Gurgen’in guneyinde mafik kayac mostralari bulunmaktadir. Bu gabroik kayaclar, Orta-Ust Paleozoyik sedimanter kayaclar ve kuzey Gondwana bolgesinin bir parcasi olan Gurgen sistlerinin icerisinde sokulum haldedir. Petrografik calismalar, bu kayaclarin orta - iri taneli oldugunu ve ofitikten intergranulere kadar degisen dokulara sahip oldugunu ortaya koymustur. Mafik dayklarin mineralojik bilesimi baskin olarak klinoprioksen+ortopiroksen+plajiyoklas ve hornblend minerallerinden olusmaktadir. Gabroik bilesime sahip bu kayaclar dusuk - orta K2O ve dusuk La/Nb icerigine sahiptir ve hafif nadir toprak elementler bakimindan zenginlesmistir (La/Yb =21.4) . Gabrolarda gozlenen yuksek HNTE/ANTE (Hafif Nadir Toprak Element / Agir Nadir Toprak Elementler) orani, beraberinde dusuk Y icerigine karsilik yuksek Ti/Y orani, bu kayaclarin granat iceren bir kaynagin kismi ergimesi ile olustuguna isaret etmektedir Calisma alanindaki gabrolarin nadir toprak element (NTE) profilleri ve tektonik ortam ayirtman diyagramlari okyanus adasi bazaltlarina (OIB) benzerlik gostermekte olup, kayaclarin kokeni OIB magmasi ile aynidir.
Human papillomavirus prevalence and prognostic implication in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas

Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is associated with favorable survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic significance of the HPV infection through both the p16 expression status and the oncogenic HPV DNA viral load.
The Role of Vitality in the Relationship Between a Healthy Lifestyle and Societal Costs of Health Care and Lost Productivity

Purpose: To examine the mediating effect of vitality in the relationship between healthy lifestyle characteristics and health-care and productivity-related costs. Design: Observational prospective cohort study with 2 measurements. Online questionnaires were filled out in 2013 (T0) and 2014 (T1). Setting: A random sample of a Dutch online interview panel was obtained. Subjects: Data of 4231 Dutch adults who had complete data at T0 and T1 were used in the present study. Participants were representative for the Dutch adult population in terms of age, gender, and having chronic disease(s). Measures: Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI), vitality, and health-care and productivity-related costs. The HLI consisted of the sum of 6 healthy lifestyle characteristics, including a healthy BMI (yes/no), meeting physical activity, fruit, vegetable, and alcohol consumption guidelines (yes/no), and smoking status (yes: non or former smoker/no: current smoker). Health-care and productivity-related costs were measured using a utilization questionnaire. Analysis: Linear regression analysis. Results: The HLI was related to vitality. In addition, vitality was related to health-care costs and productivity-related costs. Furthermore, vitality was found to transmit 28.4% of the effect of HLI on health-care costs and 39.4% of the effect of HLI on productivity-related costs. Conclusion: Lifestyle was related to vitality and vitality to health-care and productivity-related costs. Vitality mediated the relationship between lifestyle and health-care and productivity-related costs. Therefore, we recommend to sustain and improve both vitality and lifestyle.
Corticospinal activity evoked and modulated by non‐invasive stimulation of the intact human motor cortex

A number of methods have been developed recently that stimulate the human brain non‐invasively through the intact scalp. The most common are transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electric stimulation (TES) and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS). They are widely used to probe function and connectivity of brain areas as well as therapeutically in a variety of conditions such as depression or stroke. They are much less focal than conventional invasive methods which use small electrodes placed on or in the brain and are often thought to activate all classes of neurones in the stimulated area. However, this is not true. A large body of evidence from experiments on the motor cortex shows that non‐invasive methods of brain stimulation can be surprisingly selective and that adjusting the intensity and direction of stimulation can activate different classes of inhibitory and excitatory inputs to the corticospinal output cells. Here we review data that have elucidated the action of TMS and TES, concentrating mainly on the most direct evidence available from spinal epidural recordings of the descending corticospinal volleys. The results show that it is potentially possible to test and condition specific neural circuits in motor cortex that could be affected differentially by disease, or be used in different forms of natural behaviour. However, there is substantial interindividual variability in the specificity of these protocols. Perhaps in the future it will be possible, with the advances currently being made to model the electrical fields induced in individual brains, to develop forms of stimulation that can reliably target more specific populations of neurones, and open up the internal circuitry of the motor cortex for study in behaving humans.
Evolution of the Mammalian Nose

Endothermy requires an integrated set of morphological and physiological features (Kemp 2006) that evolved independently in birds and mammals (Ruben i996). Morphologic evidence for the evolution of endothermy has partially been based upon the presence of the intranarial respiratory turbinals or conchae that act as temporal countercurrent exchange sites (Bennett and Ruben i986). Since endotherms have a higher respiratory rate than ectotherms, evolution of the temporal countercurrent exchange mechanism allowed them to control the temperature of expired air when at rest and during mild exercise, and afforded them significant savings of heat and water (Owerkowicz et al., this volume). Birds achieved this by evolving cartilaginous nasal conchae (Bang i961; Geist 2000) , while mammals developed ossified maxillary turbinals (Macrini 2012; Rowe et al. 2005) . Both mechanisms warm and humidify inhaled air, and cool exhaled air (Schmidt-Nielsen i981), and both require a firm temporary seal between the nasal cavity and the trachea, so that inspired and expired air passes through the nose and bypasses the oral