Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HIV transmission by blood transfusions in Stockholm 1979-1985: nearly uniform transmission from infected donors.

Thirty-five out of approximately 800 known HIV-seropositive people in Stockholm by mid-1986 were blood donors during the period 1979-1986. Almost all, i.e. 349 recipients of their blood components (red blood cells, platelets, plasma) could be traced. One hundred and eighty were still alive and 112 of these on further analysis, were suspected of being infected. They were contacted and all but one agreed to be tested for HIV antibodies. Fifty recipients were found to be seropositive. They had been transfused with blood components from 14 of the 35 donors. The earliest observed transmission occurred in June 1982. The patterns of HIV transmission showed, with only one exception, that each donor who had transmitted HIV to one recipient had also transmitted it to all later recipients. Appropriate preserved sera and clinical records from five of the donors who had not transmitted the virus were found and analysed. The result indicated that these donors had acquired their HIV infection after their last blood donation. In conclusion, our study indicates that every antibody-positive donor transmits HIV to almost every recipient.
EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXPOSURE TO EXTREMELYLOW FREQUENCY (50 HZ) ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON INFORMATION ACQUISITION IN MALE AND FEMALE MICE

The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of extremely low frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic fields(ELF EMF) on the acquisition of information in mice and compare this effect in adult male and female mice. A sinusoidal electromagnetic field was created using a round coil electromagnet and laboratory animals were placed in the round coil for 30 minutes to exposure to a 8mT, 50Hz. Then information acquistion was evaluated with passive avoidance learning in a standard wooden box that despite his natural tendency, mice learns to stay on a small platform to avoidant electric shock. The results showed that exposure to a 50 Hz, 8mT electromagnetic field for 30 minutes before the animal's avoidance learning has devastating effects on information acquisition and learning in male (p <.005) and female (p <.037) mice. Keywordselectromagnetic field; extremely low frequency; Information Acquisition;mice
Mechanisms of enhancement of neurite regeneration in vitro following a conditioning sciatic nerve lesion

To examine the mechanisms responsible for the more rapid nerve regeneration observed after a previous (conditioning) nerve injury, adult rats were subjected to a midthigh sciatic nerve transection by using one of three protocols designed to facilitate or restrict nerve regeneration: 1) ligation, in which transected axons were prevented from regenerating; 2) cut, in which transected axons were permitted to extend into peripheral target tissue but were separated from the denervated peripheral nerve stump; and 3) crush, in which axons could regenerate normally through the denervated distal nerve tract. The affected dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were subsequently removed, dissociated, and cultured for up to 3 days, and the timing of neurite initiation, rate of outgrowth, and arborization pattern of previously injured neurons were compared with control DRG. Our results indicate that conditioning lesions have at least four distinct and differentially regulated effects on neuronal morphogenesis: 1) conditioning lesions promote earlier neurite initiation, 2) prior nerve injury decreases the ability of neurons to extend long neurites following a second axotomy, 3) exposure to the environment of a denervated peripheral nerve stimulates greater initial rates of neurite outgrowth, and 4) conditioning lesions reduces initial neuritic branching frequency, resulting in straighter neurites whose growth cones extend further distances from their cell bodies. The primary effect of all conditioning lesions on cultured DRG neurons appeared to be to advance the timing of morphogenesis, resulting in conditioning‐lesioned neurons that exhibited characteristics consistent with control neurons that had been cultured for an additional day or more. A secondary effect of conditioning lesions on neurite outgrowth rates was dependent on the local environment of the axons prior to culturing. J. Comp. Neurol 391:11–29, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Business Performance Analysis of Listed Companies under the Stock Dividends Behavior: An Empirical Approach Based on Factor Analysis Model

This paper analyzes business performance of A-share listed companies issued stock dividend using factor analysis model (FAM). The FAM method generates weights through mathematical transformation and enables us to avoid the subjectivity of giving weights. It is found that the main factors that affect the business operating performance of listed companies are six variables, including operating capacity, growth capacity and cash flows. Also, it is indicated that the main weights of business operating performance are the expansion of capacity, profitability and solvency. Our findings imply that investors should analyze the multi-dimensional factors of company business performance while forming up a portfolio and making investment decision.
Subtelomeric 6p deletion: Clinical and array‐CGH characterization in two patients

We report on two patients with de novo subtelomeric terminal deletion of chromosome 6p. Patient 1 is an 8‐month‐old female born with normal growth parameters, typical facial features of 6pter deletion, bilateral corectopia, and protruding tongue. She has severe developmental delay, profound bilateral neurosensory deafness, poor visual contact, and hypsarrhythmia since the age of 6 months. Patient 2 is a 5‐year‐old male born with normal growth parameters and unilateral hip dysplasia; he has a characteristic facial phenotype, bilateral embryotoxon, and moderate mental retardation. Further characterization of the deletion, using high‐resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH; Agilent Human Genome kit 244 K), revealed that Patient 1 has a 8.1 Mb 6pter‐6p24.3 deletion associated with a contiguous 5.8 Mb 6p24.3‐6p24.1 duplication and Patient 2 a 5.7 Mb 6pter‐6p25.1 deletion partially overlapping with that of Patient 1. Complementary FISH and array analysis showed that the inv del dup(6) in Patient 1 originated de novo. Our results demonstrate that simple rearrangements are often more complex than defined by standard techniques. We also discuss genotype–phenotype correlations including previously reported cases of deletion 6p. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Encoded errors: mutations and rearrangements mediated by misalignment at repetitive DNA sequences

Mutations and rearrangements that occur by misalignment during DNA replication are frequent sources of genetic variation in bacteria. Dislocations between a replicating strand and its template at repetitive DNA sequences underlie the mechanism of these genetic events. Such misalignments can be transient or stable and can involve intramolecular or intermolecular DNA mispairing, even pairing across a replication fork. Paradoxically, these replication ‘slippage’ events both create and destroy repetitive sequences in bacterial genomes. This review catalogues several types of slippage errors, presents the cellular processes that act to limit them and discusses the consequences of this class of genetic events on the evolution of bacterial genomes and physiology.
Disabuse of the drug metaphor: psychotherapy process-outcome correlations.

The drug metaphor suggests that if a process component (e.g., interpretation) is an active ingredient of a successful psychotherapy, then administering a relatively high level of it should yield a relatively positive outcome, and levels of the process component and the outcome should be correlated across clients. Measures of 5 theoretically relevant, reliably measured verbal process components were compared with the rate of change in 3 standard symptom intensity measures across the brief treatments of 39 (mainly depressed) psychotherapy clients. The expected significant process-outcome correlations were not found. These results are discussed as they illuminate some misleading assumptions that underlie many conventional studies of psychotherapy process and outcome.
Stimulation of Hepatic Acute Phase Response by Cytokines and Glucocorticoids a

In adult vertebrate liver, systemic tissue injury elicits a coordinate change in the production of plasma This hepatic acute phase response is characterized in each species by the qualitative and quantitative pattern of regulated plasma proteins and the time course of modulated expre~sion. ~ During the past few years, a major effort has been undertaken to identify the potential mediators of the liver reaction? Direct interaction with liver cells, thereby inducing a change in production of acute phase proteins as observed in acute phase liver: was the defining criterion for such mediators (termed here as hormones). By combined application of in vivo and tissue culture systems, tumor necrosis factor (TNFa), interleukin-la and /3 (IL-la and ILID), IL-6, hepatocyte stimulating factor (HSF), and glucocorticoids have been recognized to fulfill, at least in part, the role of hepatic acute phase mediators. ’ In view of the pleiotropic in vivo response, the specific contribution of each factor (or hormone) to the full spectrum of regulated plasma protein needed to be assessed. In particular, major attention had to be paid to the relative effectiveness of the hormones and their interactions in determining the level of expression of individual acute phase proteins. These kinds of analyses have been greatly facilitated by the identification of rodent and human hepatoma cell lines that have retained the responsiveness of normal liver cells to most of the inflammatory mediators and that regulate a broad range of acute phase proteins? Although each of these hepatoma cell lines has deviated phenotypically from normal hepatocytes, their regulation of acute phase proteins approximates qualitatively and, to some extent, quantitatively that of the liver. ’-’’ The rat liver response to tissue injury has developed into the best-studied model for hepatic acute phase reaction. The choice of the rat as a prime experimental system was mainly due to the fact that the regulation of acute phase plasma protein genes could be manipulated both in tissue culture (e.g., on primary hepatocytes or hepatoma cells) and in vivo. By combining information from several cell culture systems, the
Hydatidiform mole in Kandang Kerbau Hospital--a 5-year review.

BACKGROUND This is a 5-year review of hydatidiform mole in a major maternity hospital. PATIENTS A total of 75 patients were studied, with 35 cases of complete hydatidiform mole and 40 cases of partial hydatidiform mole. RESULTS The annual incidence of hydatidiform mole was between 1 in 1,601 deliveries and 1 in 721 deliveries. The racial distribution was higher among the Malay and Indian population. Pre-operative diagnosis was made in 53.3% of the cases. Per vaginal bleeding was the main presenting complaint in 89.3% of cases. All patients were treated with vacuum aspiration. All patients with partial hydatidiform mole had spontaneous remission after vacuum aspiration. Three patients with complete mole required chemotherapy. Methotrexate was used. There was a significant number of patients who did not practise contraception in the initial remission period after vacuum aspiration. CONCLUSION Education of these patients is necessary. Prognosis of patients with hydatidiform mole is good with proper follow-up. Setting up of a National Trophoblastic Centre is recommended.
A study of humour and communicative intention following right hemisphere stroke

This research provides further data regarding non‐literal language comprehension following right hemisphere damage (RHD). To assess the impact of RHD on the processing of non‐literal language, ten participants presenting with RHD and ten matched healthy control participants were administered tasks tapping humour appreciation and pragmatic interpretation of non‐literal language. Although the RHD participants exhibited a relatively intact ability to interpret humour from jokes, their use of pragmatic knowledge about interpersonal relationships in discourse was significantly reduced, leading to abnormalities in their understanding of communicative intentions (CI). Results imply that explicitly detailing CI in discourse facilitates RHD participants' comprehension of non‐literal language.
Hormonal pregnancy tests and congenital malformations.

Some general practitioners are still using hormonal pregnancy tests despite the warning notice by the Committee on Safety of Medicines. In view of the possible fetal damage, this practice requires further action. 12 different preparations have been used. Only Primodos and Norlestrin are still available. These products are also used for the symptomatic treatment of secondary amenorrhea. The manufacturers' data sheets have been revised but the warning notice should be reinforced. A change in the name of the products is suggested.
Facebook and Academic Performance: Reconciling a Media Sensation with Data

A recent draft manuscript suggested that Facebook use might be related to lower academic achievement in college and graduate school (Karpinski, 2009). The report quickly became a media sensation and was picked up by hundreds of news outlets in a matter of days. However, the results were based on correlational data in a draft manuscript that had not been published, or even considered for publication. This paper attempts to replicate the results reported in the press release using three data sets: one with a large sample of undergraduate students from the University of Illinois at Chicago, another with a nationally representative cross sectional sample of American 14- to 22-year-olds, as well as a longitudinal panel of American youth aged 14-23. In none of the samples do we find a robust negative relationship between Facebook use and grades. Indeed, if anything, Facebook use is more common among individuals with higher grades. We also examined how changes in academic performance in the nationally representative sample related to Facebook use and found that Facebook users were no different from non-users.
A diffusion-weighted imaging based diagnostic system for early detection of prostate cancer

A new framework for early diagnosis of prostate cancer using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) is proposed. The proposed diagnostic approach consists of the following four steps to detect locations that are suspicious for prostate cancer: 1) In the first step, we isolate the prostate from the surrounding anatomical structures based on a Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimate of a new log-likelihood function that accounts for the shape priori, the spatial interaction, and the current appearance of prostate tissues and its background (surrounding anatomical structures); 2) In order to take into account any local deformation between the segmented prostates at different b-values that could occur during the scanning process due to local motion, a non-rigid registration algorithm is employed; 3) A KNN-based classifier is used to classify the prostate into benign or malignant based on three appearance features extracted from registered images; and 4) The tumor boundaries are determined using a level set deformable model controlled by the diffusion information and the spatial interactions between the prostate voxels. Preliminary experiments on 28 patients (17 malignant and 11 benign) resulted in 100% correct classification, showing that the proposed method is a promising supplement to current technologies (biopsy-based diagnostic systems) for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Mechanism of Mediator Recruitment by Tandem Gcn4 Activation Domains and Three Gal11 Activator-Binding Domains

ABSTRACT Targets of the tandem Gcn4 acidic activation domains in transcription preinitiation complexes were identified by site-specific cross-linking. The individual Gcn4 activation domains cross-link to three common targets, Gal11/Med15, Taf12, and Tra1, which are subunits of four conserved coactivator complexes, Mediator, SAGA, TFIID, and NuA4. The Gcn4 N-terminal activation domain also cross-links to the Mediator subunit Sin4/Med16. The contribution of the two Gcn4 activation domains to transcription was gene specific and varied from synergistic to less than additive. Gcn4-dependent genes had a requirement for Gal11 ranging from 10-fold dependence to complete Gal11 independence, while the Gcn4-Taf12 interaction did not significantly contribute to the expression of any gene studied. Complementary methods identified three conserved Gal11 activator-binding domains that bind each Gcn4 activation domain with micromolar affinity. These Gal11 activator-binding domains contribute additively to transcription activation and Mediator recruitment at Gcn4- and Gal11-dependent genes. Although we found that the conserved Gal11 KIX domain contributes to Gal11 function, we found no evidence of specific Gcn4-KIX interaction and conclude that the Gal11 KIX domain does not function by specific interaction with Gcn4. Our combined results show gene-specific coactivator requirements, a surprising redundancy in activator-target interactions, and an activator-coactivator interaction mediated by multiple low-affinity protein-protein interactions.
Selective attention: effects of cuing on the processing of different types of compound stimuli.

Pigeons in a matching-to-sample experiment received (a) element samples (one of two colors or vertical or horizontal white lines), (b) separated compound samples (a color and a line element presented together), and (c) unified compound samples (vertical or horizontal colored lines). In Phase I, test stimuli were the two elements from one dimension; the dimension tested varied randomly when the sample was a compound. Element samples were matched better than unified samples, which were matched better than separated samples. In Phase II, two samples preceded the tests. On EC trials, the first sample (S1) was an element, and the second sample (S2) was a compound; on CE trials this order was reversed. One element of the compound sample was always the one appearing as the element sample on that trial (e.g., S1 = red, S2 = red-vertical). This element also served as the correct test alternative (e.g., test = red+ vs. green) except on probe trials when the correct test was the other element appearing in the compound (e.g., test = vertical+ vs. horizontal). Accuracy varied as a function of sample sequence when the compound was separated (EC greater than CE on nonprobe trials and CE greater than EC on prove trials). This pattern was not observed when the compound was unified. The data suggest that the element in EC trials served as a cue that increased processing of the cued dimension and decreased processing of the noncued dimension of separated compounds. However, both dimensions of unified compounds seem to have been processed regardless of cuing. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Correlates of Successful Aging: Are They Universal?

The analysis compared differing correlates of life satisfaction among three diverse population groups in Israel, examining background and health status variables, social environment factors, and activity indicators. Multiple regression analysis revealed that veteran Jewish-Israelis (n = 2,043) had the largest set of predictors, the strongest of which was health status. Among Arab-Israelis (n = 609), social visitation served as a significant base for life satisfaction. The predictors among the new immigrant group (n = 751) reflected the search for social ties beyond the immediate family. The analysis underscores the universal basis of successful aging, especially the contribution of health status. However, it also clarifies that the specific components of some of the general categories of predictors work in different ways among different population groups.
Who Should Buy Portfolio Insurance

THE EXISTENCE OF OPTIONS markets can generate new opportunities for portfolio management. As Ross [1976] has shown, a complete set of options markets on a reference stock or portfolio will enable investors to achieve any desired pattern of returns conditional on the terminal value of the reference asset. While "buyand-hold" equity strategies allow investors to achieve returns proportional to the terminal value of a reference portfolio, buy-and-hold option strategies permit nonproportional returns to be achieved. A nonproportional return of particular interest to some investors is that which provides portfolio insurance. Equivalent to a put option on the reference portfolio, portfolio insurance enables an investor to avoid losses, but capture gains, at the cost of a fixed "premium. " Unfortunately, options markets do not currently exist for portfolios of securities, and a portfolio of options is not equivalent to an option on a portfolio. Even when options markets do not exist, however, investors may be able to achieve nonproportional returns on terminal asset values by following dynamic investment strategies. If security returns are lognormally distributed at any future time, and continuous trading is possible, Black and Scholes [1973] show that the returns to any option on an asset can be duplicated by an appropriate trading strategy involving, the asset and a riskless security. This implies that, in a BlackScholes world, there exists a dynamic investment strategy which can generate insured portfolio values. The investment strategy involves trading only in the securities of the portfolio and in the riskless asset; no options need exist to achieve insured values. While the theory of option pricing suggests how to value options, and therefore how to value portfolio insurance, it does not suggest the nature of investors who would benefit from purchasing options or insurance. Unlike traditional insurance, in which everyone can benefit from a pooling of independent risks, portfolio insurance involves hedging against a common (market) risk. For every investor buying portfolio insurance, some other investor(s) must be selling it, either by writing the appropriate put option, or by following the inverse dynamic trading strategy. Who should buy, and who should sell? In this paper, we provide a characterization of investors who will benefit from purchasing portfolio insurance. Indeed, our results are considerably more general: we characterize investors who demand arbitrary nonproportional patterns of returns on a reference portfolio, and thereby characterize the nature of investors