Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scholarly branches in 21st-century genealogy (earliest 19th-century bulgarian immigrants in the us at ancestry.com)

Genealogy is one of the fastest-progressing social complex disciplines of the 21st century. The paradox of the 20th century is that the university-level academic environment did not embrace genealogy as a leading social discipline and therefore it has been evolving mostly outside of the university context. In the early 21st century, genealogy was established as a branch of anthropology,1 although this position still needs to be represented in university academic programs and textbooks. The uniqueness of genealogy as a social research discipline is its ability to pair science and popular culture and to enable vast segments of the population to contribute to genealogical information. Countless individuals from all over the world who research their own family history together, professional researchers including traditional and genetic genealogists and writers of family history essentially collaborate to advance genealogy as a top social discipline.
The treatment of depression and simple phobia through an interpreter in the North East of England: a case study

Abstract A 35-year-old Middle Eastern woman, experiencing moderate depression compounded by animal phobia was referred to an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service. Shared understandings were gradually developed using written functional analyses translated in session. Activity scheduling was integrated with graded exposure to increase access to positive reinforcement. Questionnaires and subjective data indicated a reduction in phobic avoidance and functioning increased. Despite the complexity of working as a triad, a positive therapeutic relationship was achieved with increased mutual cultural understanding. Indirect communication led to difficulties maintaining guided discovery and focus. There is limited evidence to support CBT when delivered through an interpreter. IAPT recommendations suggest staff reflect the community; the North East has one of the lowest foreign-born populations in the UK indicating that IAPT services may be ill prepared to work with ethnic minorities. Learning points for the therapist were: maintain simplicity, take time to formulate incorporation of cultural difference, and use transcultural interventions. The interpreter brought advantages; providing means of communication and understanding of cultural differences. Disadvantages were the potential for bias or lost information, increased time and complexity of delivering therapy. This case indicates a deficit in high intensity training and lack of literature to support therapists.
Seasonal Drought Forecasting for Latin America Using the ECMWF S4 Forecast System

Meaningful seasonal prediction of drought conditions is key information for end-users and water managers, particularly in Latin America where crop and livestock production are key for many regional economies. However, there are still not many studies of the feasibility of such a forecasts at continental level in the region. In this study, precipitation predictions from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather (ECMWF) seasonal forecast system S4 are combined with observed precipitation data to generate forecasts of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) for Latin America, and their skill is evaluated over the hindcast period 1981–2010. The value-added utility in using the ensemble S4 forecast to predict the SPI is identified by comparing the skill of its forecasts with a baseline skill based solely on their climatological characteristics. As expected, skill of the S4-generated SPI forecasts depends on the season, location, and the specific aggregation period considered (the 3- and 6-month SPI were evaluated). Added skill from the S4 for lead times equaling the SPI accumulation periods is primarily present in regions with high intra-annual precipitation variability, and is found mostly for the months at the end of the dry seasons for 3-month SPI, and half-yearly periods for 6-month SPI. The ECMWF forecast system behaves better than the climatology for clustered grid points in the North of South America, the Northeast of Argentina, Uruguay, southern Brazil and Mexico. The skillful regions are similar for the SPI3 and -6, but become reduced in extent for the severest SPI categories. Forecasting different magnitudes of meteorological drought intensity on a seasonal time scale still remains a challenge. However, the ECMWF S4 forecasting system does capture the occurrence of drought events for the aforementioned regions and seasons reasonably well. In the near term, the largest advances in the prediction of meteorological drought for Latin America are obtainable from improvements in near-real-time precipitation observations for the region. In the longer term, improvements in precipitation forecast skill from dynamical models, like the fifth generation of the ECMWF seasonal forecasting system, will be essential in this effort.
The importance of low-deformation vorticity in tropical cyclone formation

Abstract. Studies of tropical cyclone (TC) formation from tropical waves have shown that TC formation requires a wave-relative quasi-closed circulation: the "marsupial pouch" concept. This results in a layerwise nearly contained region of atmosphere in which the modification of moisture, temperature and vorticity profiles by convective and boundary layer processes occurs undisturbed. The pouch concept is further developed in this paper. TCs develop near the centre of the pouch where the flow is in near solid body rotation. A reference-frame independent parameter is introduced that effectively measures the level of solid-body rotation in the lower troposphere. The parameter is the product of a normalized Okubo-Weiss parameter and absolute vorticity (OWZ). Using 20 yr of ERA-interim reanalysis data and the IBTrACS global TC database, it is shown 95% of TCs including, but not limited to, those forming in tropical waves are associated with enhanced levels of OWZ on both the 850 and 500 hPa pressure levels at the time of TC declaration, while 90% show enhanced OWZ for at least 24 h prior to declaration. This result prompts the question of whether the pouch concept extends beyond wave-type formation to all TC formations world-wide. Combining the OWZ with a low vertical shear requirement and lower troposphere relative humidity thresholds, an imminent genesis parameter is defined. The parameter includes only relatively large-scale fluid properties that are resolved by coarse grid model data (>150 km), which means it can be used as a TC detector for climate model applications. It is also useful as a cyclogenesis diagnostic in higher resolution models such as real-time global forecast models.
Experimental Studies of the Dissociative Recombination Processes for the C6D+
 6 and C6D+
 7 Ions

We have investigated the dissociative recombination (DR) of the C 6 D 6 + and C 6 D 7 + ions using the CRYRING heavy-ion storage ring at Stockholm University, Sweden. The dissociative recombination branching ratios were determined at minimal collision energy, showing that the DR of both ions was dominated by pathways keeping the carbon atoms together in one product. The absolute reaction cross sections for the titular ions are best fitted by σ (E cm [eV]) = 1.3 ± 0.4 × 10 -15 (E cm [eV]) −1.19 ± 0.02 cm 2 (C 6 D 6 + ) and σ (E cm [eV]) = 1.1 ± 0.3 × 10 -15 (E cm [eV]) −1.33 ± 0.02 cm 2 (C 6 D 7 + ) in the intervals 3-300 meV and 3-200 meV respectively. The thermal rate constants of the titular reactions are best described by: k(T) = 1.3 ± 0.4 × 10 -6 (T/300) −0.69 ± 0.02 cm 3 s -1 for C 6 D 6 + and k(T) = 2.0 ± 0.6 × 10 -6 (T/300) −0.83 ± 0.02 cm 3 s -1 for C 6 D 7 + . These expressions correlates well with earlier flowing afterglow studies on the same process.
Heterogeneity in Firm Performance During Economic Crisis

What happens to firms during periods of deep economic crisis? Did different types of firms perform differently under the economic crisis? With the aid of a rich database and focusing on the literature regarding the growth of firms, this paper investigates the relative profitability performance of Italian firms during the current economic crisis, exploring those factors, which help certain firms to do relatively better even in the slowdown period. Some preliminary results show that the Italian firms that are relatively young in age, with relatively better current liquidity and more focused on domestic market have performed better than other firms. Furthermore, firms operating in high-tech and in highly concentrated sectors have enjoyed a better performance in this period.
Relationship of Income with Anthropometric Indicators of Chronic Energy Deficiency among Adult Female Slum Dwellers of Midnapore Town

Abstract A cross-sectional study of 333 adult (> 18 years) female slum dwellers (mean age = 34.2 years) of Midnapore town, West Bengal, India, was undertaken to study the relationships of monthly per capita income (MPCI) with two anthropometric measures, namely body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). It also investigated the association of MPCI with chronic energy deficiency (CED). Results revealed that the mean height, weight, MUAC and BMI of the subjects were 148.2 cm, 43.2 kg, 22.7 cm and 19.6 kg/m2, respectively. The overall frequency of CED based on BMI (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and MUAC (MUAC < 22.0 cm) was 46.8 % and 43.5%, respectively. Based on the World Health Organization classification, the prevalence of CED among this population was very high (≥40%) and thus the situation is critical. Overall, MPCI was significantly (p < 0.001) positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.21) and MUAC (r = 0.25). Moreover, MUAC was very strongly correlated (r = 0.81; p < 0.0001) with BMI. Linear regression analyses showed that MPCI had significant impact (p < 0.001) on BMI (T = 3.92) and MUAC (T = 4.74). MPCI explained 4.1% and 6.1% variation in BMI and MUAC, respectively. Subjects belonging to the lowest per capita income group (PCIG) had the lowest mean BMI (18.9 kg/m2) and mean MUAC (21.9 cm) and the highest rate of CED (BMI based CED = 52.3%; MUAC based CED = 53.5%). Those in the highest PCIG had the largest mean BMI (20.7 kg/m2) and MUAC (23.9 cm) and lowest rate of CED (BMI based CED = 39.0 %; MUAC based CED = 35.4 %). There were significant PCIG differences in mean BMI (F = 4.115, p < 0.05) and MUAC (F = 6.995, p < 0.001). Moreover, there existed clear PCIG differences in CED rates using both BMI as well as MUAC. In conclusion, this study provided evidence that PCI was significantly associated with BMI, MUAC and the presence of CED. The relationships of PCI with BMI and MUAC were similar. The rate of CED was very high indicating a critical situation. These findings may have severe public health implications. It is recommended that immediate appropriate nutritional intervention programmes be initiated among this population along with serious efforts to increase their PCI. In this population, either BMI or MUAC can be effectively used to study the effect of PCI on nutritional status.
The Fall of Organ Bank Relationships During the Wave of Bank Failures and Consolidations: Experience in Pre-War Japan

This paper examines how the close ties between banks and non-banking firms-the so-called "organ bank" relationship in Japanese banking literature-declined through bank failures and banking consolidations in pre-war Japan. With a unique dataset compiled from 1,007 Japanese banks that were doing business between 1926 and 1936, we measure the degree of the "organ bank" relationship by the number of people who worked as directors or auditors for both a bank and a non-banking firm at the same time. We found that the number of "interlocking directors" declined in our sample period, when there were many bank failures and bank mergers and acquisitions. Furthermore, the remaining interlocked directors, after the wave of bank failures and consolidations, no longer demonstrated negative effects on the performance of the banks, as measured by their profitability. Our findings suggest, based on experience in Japan, that banking consolidations and selection through failure may help eliminate the detrimental connections between banks and non-banking firms.
Trust in manufacturing engineering project systems: an evolutionary perspective

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the robustness of the emerging body of knowledge about collaborative supply chains in the context of Engineered-to-Order manufacturing engineering project systems. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses an evolutionary classification technique to build an evolutionary history for an industry case study: the French Engineered to Order machine design industry. Findings: The evolutionary history shows that collaborative forms of governance have been used in this industry after an era of failed transactional market-based governance. The industry, however, has abandoned collaborative forms of governance to return to its historical roots towards more vertical integration. Research limitations/implications: Findings are only relevant in the context of the investigated industry. Practical implications: In certain industrial settings managers should consider the promise of collaboration and trust with cautious. Originality/value: The data set supports Williamson's (1993) rejection of trust as a mode of
Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence from relaxed and strained GaN nanowires grown by catalyst-free molecular-beam epitaxy

We report steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements on individual GaN nanowires (6–20 μm in length, 30–940 nm in diameter) grown by a nitrogen-plasma-assisted, catalyst-free molecular-beam epitaxy on Si(111) and dispersed onto fused quartz substrates. Induced tensile strain for nanowires bonded to fused silica and compressive strain for nanowires coated with atomic-layer-deposition alumina led to redshifts and blueshifts of the dominant steady-state PL emission peak, respectively. Unperturbed nanowires exhibited spectra associated with high-quality, strain-free material. The TRPL lifetimes, which were similar for both relaxed and strained nanowires of similar size, ranged from 200 ps to over 2 ns, compared well with those of low-defect bulk GaN, and depended linearly on nanowire diameter. The diameter-dependent lifetimes yielded a room-temperature surface recombination velocity S of 9×103 cm/s for our silicon-doped GaN nanowires.
Placement period of artificial retreats affects the number and demographic composition but not the body condition of skinks

Monitoring is important in conservation management, essential for assessing population trends, making decisions and allocating resources. Artificial retreats can offer a reliable, low impact and efficient method for monitoring cryptic herpetofauna. Methods for monitoring artificial retreats vary between different conservation management programmes in New Zealand, however, and a deeper understanding of the consequences of these variations would encourage greater standardisation and enable more reliable comparisons to be made across temporal and spatial scales. We investigate how placement period of artificial retreats affects population size indices and the body condition of common skinks (Oligosoma polychroma) in a grassland in Fiordland, New Zealand. We made 3987 skink sightings during 8250 visual checks and captured 638 skinks in 1200 physical searches of 400 artificial retreats during the summer of 2010/11. We observed more skinks under artificial retreats with a placement period of 2 years (permanent retreats) than under adjacent retreats in place for <2 months (temporary retreats). Placement period influenced the demographic composition of skinks occupying the artificial retreats, with a greater proportion of subadults and juveniles seen beneath temporary retreats and a greater proportion of adults occupying permanent retreats. Physical condition of the skinks occupying the retreats was not related to placement period. Our findings suggest that permanent placement of retreats is unlikely to increase survival or reproductive rates by increasing the body condition of individuals occupying retreats, but may result in competitive exclusion of juveniles and subadults by resident adults. We recommend temporary placement of retreats for assessing monitoring trends in skink populations in environments with moderate to high population densities, and permanent placement in areas of low population densities, due to the potential detection advantage. Our results emphasise the need for placement period to be considered when interpreting results from monitoring programmes using artificial retreats.
Vibration analysis of single-walled carbon nanotubes conveying nanoflow embedded in a viscoelastic medium using modified nonlocal beam model

In this study, the vibration and stability analysis of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) coveying nanoflow embedded in biological soft tissue are performed. The effects of nano-size of both fluid flow and nanotube are considered, simultaneously. Nonlocal beam model is used to investigate flow-induced vibration of the SWCNT while the small-size effects on the flow field are formulated through a Knudsen number ( Kn ), as a discriminant parameter. Pursuant to the viscoelastic behavior of biological soft tissues, the SWCNT is assumed to be embedded in a Kelvin–Voigt foundation. Hamilton’s principle is applied to the energy expressions to obtain the higher-order governing differential equations of motion and the corresponding higher-order boundary conditions. The differential transformation method (DTM) is employed to solve the differential equations of motion. The effects of main parameters including Kn , nonlocal parameter and mechanical behaviors of the surrounding biological medium on the vibrational properties of the SWCNT are examined.
The effect of non-western immigrants on sold house prices in municipalities in The Netherlands between 1998 and 2007

This paper empirically analyses the effect of non-western immigrants on sold house price in municipalities in The Netherlands. This paper finds that if the share of non-western immigrants increases with one percent, the average sold house price decreases with 1,73 percent of a standard deviation. Small significant effects are found for an increase in the share of non-western immigrants of one year and two years. This effect can partly be explained by the negative view many people tend to have towards immigrants. When using a fixed effect model, this paper finds that if the share of non-western immigrants increases with one percent, sold house prices decrease with almost four percent of a standard deviation. This is equal to a decrease of almost 3000 euros. No significant effects are found for increases in the share of non-western immigrants of one year and two years. One potential reason for the insignificance of these variables is the little variation within municipalities itself.
INVESTIGATION OF NANOPARTICLES MORPHOLOGY ON VISCOSITY OF NANOFLUIDS AND NEW CORRELATION FOR PREDICTION

This article presents an experimental investigation on effects of morphology of nanoparticles on the viscosity nanofluids (NFs). Water and ethylene glycol were used as base fluids. A two step method was used for preparation of NFs. SiO2 nanoparticles, CNT and graphene nano sheets were dispersed in the base fluids separately with the volume fraction ranging from 0.05% to 1.5%. Stability of the nanoparticles was established by adding adequate surfactant and sonication enough time. Then viscosity of the NFs was measured by Brookfield viscometer at fix ambient temperature. First, it has been concluded that, viscosity of NFs increases significantly with increasing of nanoparticle volume fraction. Then the results of theoretical models (Einstein, Brinkman, Batchelor and Wang) were compared with experimental data and the deviation of theme was calculated. In order to reduce of this deviation, a correlation was developed based on the geometry of nanoparticles. The modified models showed reasonably better agreement with the experimental results
War and the Reelection Motive

This article investigates the relationship between term limits and international conflict. Theories of political survival and diversionary war both imply term limits should play a role in international relations, whereas “permanent referendum theory,” largely motivated by work in American politics, suggests otherwise. Drawing on these theories, we formulate and test competing hypotheses regarding term limits and international crises. Using dyadic militarized interstate disputes data and information on forty-eight democracies with term limits, we uncover strong evidence to support the claim that leaders reaching final terms in office are more likely to initiate conflict than those still subject to reelection. Moreover, we find that the likelihood of conflict initiation is significantly higher during times of recession, but only in the absence of binding term limits. While binding electoral terms and economic downturns are both independently associated with increased levels of conflict initiation, in concert their conditional effects actually counteract each other.
Irish Occupational Therapists' Views of Electronic Assistive Technology

Introduction: Electronic assistive technology (EAT) includes computers, environmental control systems and information technology systems and is widely considered to be an important part of present-day life. Method: Fifty-six Irish community occupational therapists completed a questionnaire on EAT. All surveyed were able to identify the benefits of EAT. Results: While respondents reported that they should be able to assess for and prescribe EATs, only a third (19) were able to do so, and half (28) had not been able to do so in the past. Community occupational therapists identified themselves as havinga role in a multidisciplinary team to assess for and prescribe EAT. Conclusion: Results suggest that it is important for occupational therapists to have up-to-date knowledge and training in assistive and computer technologies in order to respond to the occupational needs of clients.
Spatial Organisation and Mortality of Released Hares — Preliminary Results

Spatial organisation, and the rate and causes of mortality of released hares were investigated using a radio-telemetry technique during one study year in the vicinity of Maciejowice, Poland. Territorial ranges of released hares were between 0.14 km2 and 2.86 km2. The average home ranges of males were significantly greater than that of females: 1.3 km2 and 0.5 km2, respectively. Released hares travelled, on average, a distance of 2.6 km (range = 1.4–4.9 km per year). The annual mortality of the studied was ca. 72% and was highest in the first month after release, i.e. in December. The average lifespan of killed hares was 31 days for females and about 80 days for males. The major cause of hare mortality was predation.