Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding chemical concepts in the Hilbert space: Coupled cluster analyses of noncovalent interactions

Noncovalent interactions (NCIs) play a major role in essentially all fields of chemical research. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) schemes provide in‐depth insights into their nature by decomposing interaction energies into additive contributions, such as electrostatics, polarization, and London dispersion. Although modern local variants of the “gold standard” coupled‐cluster singles and doubles method plus perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) have made it possible to accurately quantify NCIs for relatively large systems, extracting chemically meaningful energy terms from such high level electronic structure calculations has been a long lasting challenge in computational chemistry. This review describes basic principles, interpretative aspects and applications of recently developed coupled cluster‐based EDAs for the analysis of NCIs. The focus is on computationally efficient methods for systems with a few hundred atoms, for example, the recently introduced local energy decomposition analysis. In order to draw connections between different interpretative frameworks, these schemes are compared with other popular approaches for the quantification and analysis of NCIs, such as Symmetry Adapted Perturbation Theory and supermolecular EDAs based on mean‐field as well as correlated approaches. Strengths and limitations of the various techniques are discussed.
Comparative Morphological Studies on Lyssa in Carnivores and Camels with Special Reference to Its Surgical Resection

The lyssa is a morphologically supporting structure situated along the median plan on the ventral surface of the apex of the tongue in some animals. The present study aimed to describe the morphological differences of the lyssa in carnivores (dog and cat) and camel using conformist macroscopic and microscopic methods as well as evaluation of its surgical resection in the dog and cat. The lyssa is a rod-shaped in dog, strip like structure in cat and ridge-like structure in camel. It showed straight course in dog and helical appearance in cat. In the studied species, the lyssa was formed from adipose tissue intermingled with irregular connective tissue. However, dense striated muscles fibers were seen in the caudal half of the lyssa in dog. Besides, few bundles of longitudinally running muscle fibers were observed in cat and camel. In dog, the lyssa was defined by a coarse sheath of connective tissue, this capsule was ill-defined in cat and absent in camel. In cat, a pyramidal extension of the adipose tissue of the lyssa was attached to intrinsic striated muscle of the tongue. Full function of the tongue could be achieved after surgical resection of lyssa in dogs and cats.
Running head : Theory of mind and attentional bias to emotional expressions Theory of mind and attentional bias to emotional expressions : A preliminary study

Theory of mind ability has been associated with performance in interpersonal interactions and has been found to influence aspects such as emotion recognition, social competence, and social anxiety. Being able to attribute mental states to others requires attention to subtle communication cues such as facial expressions. Decoding and interpreting emotions expressed by the face, especially those with negative valence, are essential skills to successful social interaction. The current study explored the association between theory of mind skills and attentional bias to emotional faces. According to the study hypothesis, individuals with poor theory of mind skills showed preferential attention to negative faces over both non-negative faces and neutral objects. Tentative explanations for the findings are offered emphasizing the potential adaptive role of vigilance for threat as a way of allocating a limited capacity to interpret others’ mental states to obtain as much information as possible about potential danger in the social environment.
FACULTY MEMBERS’ VIEWS OF EFFECTIVE TEACHING: A CASE STUDY OF QATAR UNIVERSITY

Effective teaching (ET) has recently drawn attention within higher educational intuitions owing to the need for greater accountability, and high quality learning outcomes. The present study investigated Qatar University faculty member’s (QUFM) perception of ET, characteristics, practices, and impediment, by assembling data from a cluster sample of 75, using a quantitative approach. The methodology that was utilized took the form of five research questions were answered using a basic descriptive and inferential statistical approach. Results indicate that; 52% of QUFM consider the ET term is ambiguous that means 48% of QUFM population are not contributing in fulfilling the adapted strategy of education and learning excellency, which is based on achieving ET. Moreover, the data revealed that 57.14% of QUFM’s instructional knowledge is not at the acceptable rate. Finally, the results suggested that further training in implementing ET concepts is required for most academic staff. Article visualizations:
Daily Activity and Territoriality of Drosophila elegans in Sukarami , West Sumatra , Indonesia

Males of Drosophila elegans hold mating territories on individual Ipomoea flowers which remain to open for a single day. Here we investigated daily activity and territoriality of this species in Sukarami, Indonesia. Flies of both sexes spent the night in withered flowers and left them from morning to evening. As the day passed, the number of flies on newly opened (day-O) flowers increas·ed and peaked in the evening. On day-O flowers, males usually held territories, but seemed to be unable to defend territories when the number of flies on flowers increased. Territorial males on day-O flowers were larger than males which remained in day-1 flowers, indicating that larger males left withered flowers earlier than smaller ones to secure territories on day-O flowers. Laboratory experiments confirmed the superiority of larger males in territorial defense. In the female, such relation between body size and daily behavior was not observed. In the evening, flies became inactive and stayed rather still on flowers. Females laid eggs on flowers from morning to evening only on the day of blooming. The distribution of eggs among flowers was random.
Can true objectivity be achieved without reflexivity? An examination of researcher identity and its transformative impact on the research

As a quantitative researcher, I have a deep commitment to the principles of objectivity. Yet, my recent experience of applying qualitative methods (as part of my research training) has made a profound and lasting impact on how I view objectivity. I am now aware of the paradox, that true objectivity is not possible without subjectively examining the researcher identity, positionality and blind spots. The primary goal of my qualitative study was to learn and use qualitative research methods. My study was focused on teachers’ mindsets about intelligence (Mickkovska, 2010), as this was likely to inform my PhD research. I engaged in autoethnography and a semi-structured interview as my qualitative methods. The practice of autoethnography proved amazingly transformative for me, helping me recognise the incongruence between my declared mindset and my practices as an educator and researcher. Here, I share shifts in my own thinking and identify ways in which to further support my personal growth as a researcher. I focus on my own transformative learning as a result of this process, instead of summarising the findings of my study or making knowledge claims. Moving forward, I am determined to keep a reflective journal and more importantly build reflective practices into my research process. This will enable me to acknowledge my multiple identities and observe the implicit commitments that impact my many choices as a researcher. In conclusion, I feel that I have been awakened to the possibility and the responsibility of managing my personal growth as a researcher. A Journey Retraced “When you are preparing for a journey, you own the journey. Once you’ve started the journey, the journey owns you” (Shope, 2006, p.165). This quote encapsulates the essence of my learning through this study. I started the journey with clear aims and I ended up in an entirely unknown, not unpleasant just unexpected, destination. The aim of my study was to gain an understanding of teachers’ mindsets about intelligence (Mickkovska, 2010). Using autoethnography and a semistructured interview, I planned to compare and contrast my own as well as my interviewee’s mindset about intelligence (Dweck, 2012). Here, I share shifts in my own thinking and identify ways in which to further support my personal growth as a researcher.
Is There a Relationship between Country Classification and Market Efficiency?: A Global Investigation

The objective of this paper is to test the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) for countries at different economic development levels. The FTSE Country Classification was used to reveal the economic development of 17 developed and 12 emerging markets. The sampling period is between 2005 and 2013. In order to test market efficiency, Portmanteau Q test, the runs test, the single and multiple variance ratio (VR) tests were used. The results show that the weak-form market efficiency is becoming prevalent in the Advanced Emerging markets. The striking finding of the paper presents that the market efficiency is associated with the market evolution. As the economies and markets of countries evolve and meet the criteria for promotion to upper country classification, they become weak-form efficient. Further, the findings reveal the facts that the markets which suffer from severe financial and political crises, or belong to low ranked emerging markets are unlikely to be efficient.
Extraction and structural characterization of collagen from fishbone by high intensity pulsed electric fields

Collagen was extracted from fishbone by high intensity pulsed electric fields (PEF) and its structure was characterized. A maximum collagen yield of 16.13 mg/mL was achieved under the following conditions: pepsin dosage of 1%, material‐liquid ratio of 1:10, electric field strength of 20 kV/cm, and pulse number of 8. The change of each secondary structure component content was highly correlated with the PEF operating parameters (R² > .900). The tertiary structure of collagen was changed by PEF. The surface hydrophobicity increased first and then decreased with the PEF operating parameters. Scanning electron microscopy results showed the tissues changes of sample particles from dispersed and disorganized to uniform by PEF, but the high electric field strength (>30 kV/cm) and pulse number (>8) causes samples over agglomerated, which were dispersed disorderly. This article has proposed a new approach for comprehensive utilization of fishbone, which has important research significance for the promotion of PEF. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Collagen was extracted from fishbone by high intensity pulsed electric fields. The prepared fishbone collagen can be widely used in foods, cosmetics, biology, fertilizers, medical materials, and other fields. This article provides a new technique for comprehensive utilization of fishbone. The structure of extracted collagen was characterized. This opens up a new dimension in the study of the impact of PEF technology on protein structure.
EFFECT OF FROZEN STORAGE (-20°C) ON SOME BIOGENIC AMINES FORMATION IN BEEF BURGER AND SALTED SARDINE

Recent trends in food security are promoting an increasing search for trace compounds that can affect human health. Therefore, the objective of current study was determined some biogenic amines namely, histamine, tyramine and cadaverine in beef burger and salted sardine during storage at -20°C for two months. The obtained results revealed that, beef burger protein content was lower than that salted sardine. On the other hand, fibers, ash, fat and carbohydrates contents had approximately the same values in both products. The essential amino acids content of beef burger was higher than salted sardine especially, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and valine at zero time. Minerals content as Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Na, K and P of beef burger was higher than salted sardine samples at zero time. Histamine recorded the highest value comparing with tyramine and cadaverine in beef burger whereas, histamine and cadaverine were higher than tyramine content in salted sardine sample. The histamine, tyramine and cadaverine contents of both commercial beef burger and salted sardine samples were higher than the prepared beef burger and salted sardine in laboratory during the storage period at -20°. After storage period at -20°for two months the total bacterial counts increased and minor contamination occurred. Meanwhile, E. Coli and Salmonella sp. not detected (-Ve) in all beef burger and salted sardine samples. Generally, it could be clearly concluded that the optimum condition (Temperature, pH value, NaCl and Time) during storage period play a great role as limiting factors to obtain meat or fish products free or nearly free from biogenic amines.
Did You See What I Saw? Interpreting Others' Forecasts When Their Information Is Unknown

We conduct a series of forecasting experiments to examine how people update their beliefs upon observing others’ forecasts. Subjects exhibit “cursedness,” that is, a propensity to underestimate the link between others’ forecasts and others’ information, which causes subjects to underreact. The behavior of sophisticated subjects is not affected by the framing of information, but unsophisticated subjects switch from underreaction to overreaction when they are only provided qualitative (rather than quantitative) forecast information. Our results have important implications for the way that financial analysts aggregate information and the way that financial institutions present forecasts to their clients.
A two-scale model predicting the mechanical sliding and opening behavior of grain boundaries in nanocrystalline solids

V. Péron-Lührs1, A. Jérusalem2, F. Sansoz 3, L. Stainier4, L. Noels 1 1 ULg-Computational & Multiscale Mechanics of Materials, The University of Liège Chemin des Chevreuils 1, B-4000 Liège, Belgium 2 IMDEA Materials Institute Calle Profesor Aranguren, s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain 3 School of Engineering and Materials Science Program, The University of Vermont Burlington, VT 05405 USA 4 Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM, UMR 6183 CNRS), Ecole Centrale de Nantes 1 rue de la Noë, F-44321 Nantes cedex 3, France
On the regulation of oxygen delivery to the brain in humans

III LAY SUMMARY . IV PREFACE . V TABLE OF CONTENTS . VIII LIST OF FIGURES . XV LIST OF TABLES . XVIII LIST OF EQUATIONS . XX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . XXI GLOSSARY. XXII 1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 THESIS OBJECTIVES . 3 1.2 SPECIFIC AIMS AND HYPOTHESES . 3 1.2.1 STUDY 1 (CHAPTER 3) . 3 1.2.1.1 STUDY 1 – BACKGROUND . 3 1.2.1.2 STUDY 1 – AIM . 4 1.2.1.3 STUDY 1 – HYPOTHESES. 4 1.2.2 STUDY 2 (CHAPTER 4) . 4 1.2.2.1 STUDY 2 – BACKGROUND . 4 1.2.2. 2 STUDY 2 – AIM . 5 1.2.2.3 STUDY 2 – HYPOTHESES . 5 1.2.3 STUDY 3 (CHAPTER 5) . 5 1.2.3.1 STUDY 3 – BACKGROUND . 5 1.2.3.2 STUDY 3 – AIM . 6 1.2.3.3 STUDY 3 – HYPOTHESES . 6 1.2. 4 STUDY 4 (CHAPTER 6) . 6 1.2. 4.1 STUDY 4 – BACKGROUND . 6 1.2. 4.2 STUDY 4 – AIMS . 7 1.2. 4.3 STUDY 4 – HYPOTHESES . 7 2. CHAPTER TWO: A REVIEW OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW REGULATION . 8 2.1 CEREBROVASCULAR ANATOMY . 9
Has the Hadley cell been strengthening in recent decades?

The intensity and structure of the Northern Hemisphere DJF Hadley cell as depicted in various commonly used data sets are examined. We find that the NCEP/NCAR and ECMWF reanalyses show a statistically significant intensification of their Hadley circulation throughout their periods. In marked contrast the NCEP‐DOE reanalysis does not show any discernible trend over its period. Furthermore, the Hadley cell structure differs substantially from the other two reanalyses. We also examine a data set of global rawinsonde observations in which the Hadley cell shows no intensification. Finally, we investigate the Hadley cell simulated by an atmospheric GCM. The ensemble mean shows a statistically significant intensification, though it is smaller in magnitude than the reanalyses. We conclude that the two major reanalyses appear to be in agreement on the strengthening of the Hadley cell in recent decades. However, discrepancies among data sets do raise questions about the robustness of this strengthening.
Mineral adsorbents in broilers nutrition: Effects on yield and meat quality

In this paper are presented the results of investigation of the application of mineral adsorbents in broiler diet. Total of 400 broilers Cobb 500 provenience were divided into 4 groups: control group (C) of broilers fed without added mineral adsorbent; 1st group with added Min-a-zel in the amount of 0.5%; 2nd group with added Min-a-zel Plus in the amount of 0.2%; and 3rd group with added Min-a-zel Plus in the amount of 0.3%. Fattening lasted for 42 days. Broilers were reared on the floor stocking system; feed and water supply were ad libitum. Fattening performances such as live body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and production number were better in group of broilers that was fed a diet with added mineral adsorbents. Broilers from the 1st group achieved the highest live weight and had the lowest feed consumption and feed conversion ratio, and also the best production number. Slaughter characteristics of broilers in the 1st group were also the best. They had the biggest share of the most valuable parts, breast and drumsticks. Obtained results showed that mineral adsorbents can be successfully used as additives in the diets for broilers for improved production and better fattening performances.
Patterns generation and transition matrices in multi-dimensional lattice models

In this paper we develop a general approach for investigating pattern generation problems in multi-dimensional lattice models. Let $\mathcal S$ be a set of $p$ symbols or colors, $\mathbf Z_N$ a fixed finite rectangular sublattice of $\mathbf Z^d$, $d\geq 1$ and $N$ a $d$-tuple of positive integers. Functions $U:\mathbf Z^d\rightarrow \mathcal S$ and $U_N:\mathbf Z_N\rightarrow \mathcal S$ are called a global pattern and a local pattern on $\mathbf Z_N$, respectively. We introduce an ordering matrix $\mathbf X_N$ for $\Sigma_N$, the set of all local patterns on $\mathbf Z_N$. For a larger finite lattice , , we derive a recursion formula to obtain the ordering matrix of from $\mathbf X_N$. For a given basic admissible local patterns set $\mathcal B\subset \Sigma_N$, the transition matrix $\mathbf T_N(\mathcal B)$ is defined. For each , denoted by the set of all local patterns which can be generated from $\mathcal B$, the cardinal number of is the sum of entries of the transition matrix which can be obtained from $\mathbf T_N(\mathcal B)$ recursively. The spatial entropy $h(\mathcal B)$ can be obtained by computing the maximum eigenvalues of a sequence of transition matrices $\mathbf T_n(\mathcal B)$. The results can be applied to study the set of global stationary solutions in various Lattice Dynamical Systems and Cellular Neural Networks.
Impact of outdoor winter sports on the abundance of a key indicator species of alpine ecosystems

Tourism and leisure activities have increased continuously all over the world during the past decades, exerting a growing pressure upon naturally fragile ecosystems, such as mountainous habitats. Recent studies have established that disturbance by outdoor winter sports (e.g. skiing, snowboarding and snowshoeing) is a source of stress for wildlife. This may in turn affect its abundance, but we still lack quantitative evidence. We tested the effect of outdoor winter sports (ski lifts and related recreational activities) on the abundance of the alpine black grouse Tetrao tetrix, a vulnerable indicator species of the timberline ecosystem, the favoured habitat for outdoor winter sports in the European Alps. Generalized linear models and a model selection approach were used to rank environmental factors influencing black grouse abundance and to make predictions about population status in the theoretical absence of ski resorts. We modelled the number of displaying cocks along census transects in spring, as a function of habitat characteristics (vegetation structure and typology), ski lift density and hunting pressure at 15 natural sites (none or a very low level of anthropogenic disturbance) and 15 ski resorts in the south-western Swiss Alps. Ski lift density and habitat typology were the principal determinants of black grouse abundance, whereas hunting pressure had no discernable effect. Ski lifts and related winter sport activities had a strong negative effect on the number of displaying cocks, which may have led to a mean 36% reduction of local abundance in ski lift areas, as determined after controlling for the confounding effect of habitat type. Synthesis and applications. Conservation action plans for black grouse should aim at reducing the multiple negative effects generated by outdoor winter sports (ski facilities and related winter sport activities). First, vegetation patchiness (i.e. a mosaic of grassy shrubland with scattered trees) should be maintained along ski runs. Secondly, wintering preserves where human access is banned or strictly limited should be promoted within ski resorts. Spatially explicit human–wildlife conflict maps can be constructed from the present model to allow delineation of those areas likely to become effective protection areas.
tic Grass Aeluropus lagopoides Seed Germination of a Halophy

0305-7364/0 * Current Science Colleg { For corre com Aeluropus lagopoides (Linn.) Trin. Ex Thw. (Poaceae) is a perennial grass distributed from coastal Sindh and Balochistan to saline ̄ats of Punjab, Pakistan. Seeds collected from an inland population of A. lagopoides located on the University of Karachi campus were germinated under various levels of salinity (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM NaCl) and temperature regimes (10/20, 15/25, 20/30 and 25/35 8C) in a 12 h dark/12 h light photoperiod. Highest germination was obtained under non-saline conditions, and an increase in NaCl concentration progressively inhibited germination. Inhibition of germination was greater at cooler temperatures (10/20 8C) when no seed germinated above a concentration of 300 mM NaCl. The germination response at moderate temperatures (20/30 8C) was optimal, with 30% of seeds germinating in 500 mM NaCl. The rate of germination decreased as salinity increased. Germination rate was highest at 20/30 8C and lowest at 10/20 8C. Seeds were transferred from salt solutions to distilled water after 20 d and those from high salinities recovered quickly at warmer temperatures with an optimal response at 20/30 8C. # 2001 Annals of Botany Company
Short Term Momentum Effect: A Case of Middle East Stock Markets

The objective of this paper is to find short-term momentum effect in stock markets of the Middle East and to examine whether short-term momentum profits can be explained by risk-based CAPM model. Seven major stock markets from the Middle East were selected. Short-term momentum effect was found in all seven stock markets and CAPM does not adequately explain the short-term momentum profits but momentum portfolio returns are statistically significant. This paper is first attempt to bring major stock markets of the Middle East together and examine them for the short term momentum effect phenomenon. Future research should include more stock markets in order to have a better understanding of Middle Eastern stock markets.