Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of Broiler Chickens to Triticale-Based Diets Supplemented with Microbial Enzymes (1. Growth and Intestinal Function)

A total of 384 day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated to 8 dietary treatments to examine the influence of supplementation with xylanase and phytase, individually or in combination, in diets based on two new cultivars of triticale (Bogong and Canobolas). The inclusion of phytase alone in either Bogong or Canobolas diets increased (P < 0.01) feed intake and body weight; however, the effect of grain was not significant. The ileal digestibility of crude protein, gross energy, starch, calcium, and phosphorus was increased by inclusion of phytase and xylanase (P < 0.05). The interaction between xylanase and phytase positively influenced (P < 0.01) the digestibility of crude protein, gross energy, calcium, and phosphorus. Ileal viscosity was decreased (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of xylanase and phytase individually or in combination. The inclusion of phytase and xylanase increased (P < 0.001) the phytate-P degradation. Birds on Bogong-based diet had a higher (P < 0.05) degradation of phytate than those on the Canobolas-based diet. The weight of various visceral organs on day 7 was not affected by the inclusion of enzymes, nevertheless the weight of proventriculus plus gizzard was higher (P < 0.01) for chickens offered Canobolas-based than chicks on the Bogong-based diets. On day 21, the liver weight was reduced (P < 0.001) by the inclusion of phytase. An interaction (P < 0.01) between grain and phytase inclusion led to an increased weight of proventriculus plus gizzard on the Bogong diets with phytase. The inclusion of xylanase increased (P < 0.01) maltase activity at the jejunum on day 7, while it decreased the pancreatic protein content on day 21. The activity of chymotrypsin amidase was reduced (P < 0.01) by the inclusion of phytase. These results show that supplementation of phytase and xylanase to triticale-based diets can improve broiler performance by increasing the activities of some digestive enzymes and nutrient utilization.
Dynamic Modal Correlation of an Automotive Rear Subframe, with Particular Reference to the Modelling of Welded Joints

This paper presents a comparison between the experimental investigation and the Finite Element (FE) modal analysis of an automotive rear subframe. A modal correlation between the experimental data and the forecasts is performed. The present numerical model constitutes a predictive methodology able to forecast the experimental dynamic behaviour of the structure. The actual structure is excited with impact hammers and the modal response of the subframe is collected and evaluated by the PolyMAX algorithm. Both the FE model and the structural performance of the subframe are defined according to the Ferrari S.p.A. internal regulations. In addition, a novel modelling technique for welded joints is proposed that represents an extension of ACM2 approach, formulated for spot weld joints in dynamic analysis. Therefore, the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) is considered the optimal comparison index for the numerical-experimental correlation. In conclusion, a good numerical-experimental agreement from 50 Hz up to 500 Hz has been achieved by monitoring various dynamic parameters such as the natural frequencies, the mode shapes, and frequency response functions (FRFs) of the structure that represent a validation of this FE model for structural dynamic applications.
PHARMACOKINETICS OF DICLOFENAC IN PIGS AFTER INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION OF A SINGLE DOSE

The pharmacokinetics of diclofenac was studied in 10 clinically normal male Yorkshire pigs, following intramuscular (i.m) administration of a single dose of diclofenac-sodium (2.5 mg/kg body weight). Diclofenac serum concentrations were determined by high pressure- liquid-chromatography (HPLC), with UV detection (226 nm). Following i.m. administration all individual diclofenac serum levels best fitted the one-compartment open model for extravascular administration. The maximal diclofenac serum concentration of 5.88 ± 0.934 mg/L was reached after 0.80 ± 0.35 h. The absorption half-life was 0.36 ± 0.25 h, and the area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC0→∞) was 20.32 ± 4.521 mgh/L. A monoexponential concentration decline and small volume of distribution (Vd) of 0.29 ± 0.100 L/kg indicated a rapid, but not extensive distribution of diclofenac between central and peripheral compartment(s). Total clearance was 0.13 ± 0.034 L/h/kg, and elimination half-life was short (1.67 ± 0.743 h), as a result of a rapid distribution and extensive metabolism of diclofenac in the pig's body. When administered i.m. to pigs, diclofenac is absorbed and distributed rapidly. Distribution is not extensive, suggesting that diclofenac is predominantly retained in the central compartment. The elimination of the drug from the pig's circulation is also rapid, most of it probably being a result of extensive metabolism in the liver.
INVESTIGATION OF COMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLOWS OVER OPEN CAVITIES INCLUDING THE EFFECTS OF SHEAR LAYER THICKNESS AND MULTIPLE DECK STRUCTURE ON INTERACTION WITH THE TRAILING EDGE

The problem considered in this paper is that of compressible viscous ow over an open rectangular cavity, including the e ects of shear layer thickness and triple deck structure on interaction with the trailing edge. This analysis uni es analytical cavity studies and provides a wave-number correction for the method of Tam and Block [1], which studies the case of a compressible inviscid ow with a constant shear layer thickness spanning an open cavity. Here, basic equations for a two-dimensional compressible viscous ow are derived. The e ect of non-parallelism of the mean ow is introduced. This weakly non-parallel mean ow is perturbed to obtain the governing equations for the shear layer. The inverse of the Reynolds number, here related to the weak e ect of non-parallelism of the mean ow, serves as a perturbation parameter. The shear layer is divided into a region of inviscid ow away from the trailing edge and a region where viscous e ects are important, near the trailing edge, as a typical boundary layer problem. The viscous region is analyzed by proper scaling of the independent variables. Distinguished limits are obtained by balancing the terms in the set of the governing equations. A multiple deck structure, containing three distinct regions, occurs, each region with a di erent scaling. Normal modes for the ow properties are introduced to predict an eigenvalue problem, which governs the wave-number/frequency relationship in each deck, as well as the inviscid region. These eigenvalue problems are derived using the Fredholm Alternative and are solved numerically by use of a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The method of asymptotic expansions is used to match these wave numbers to those among the multiple deck structure, as well as to the one for the inviscid region. This wave-number, uniformly valid throughout the region, is used as a correction to the one derived by Tam and Block. This study proves that by considering the e ect of non-parallelism of the mean ow, a lower wave-number/frequency is produced at any spanwise location for a given excitation frequency. Predicted discrete tone frequencies, based on this corrected value of wave-number, produce a closer agreement with the experimental results.
The WACMOS-ET project – Part 1: Tower-scale evaluation of four remote-sensing-based evapotranspiration algorithms

Abstract. The WAter Cycle Multi-mission Observation Strategy – EvapoTranspiration (WACMOS-ET) project has compiled a forcing data set covering the period 2005–2007 that aims to maximize the exploitation of European Earth Observations data sets for evapotranspiration (ET) estimation. The data set was used to run four established ET algorithms: the Priestley–Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory model (PT-JPL), the Penman–Monteith algorithm from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) evaporation product (PM-MOD), the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) and the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM). In addition, in situ meteorological data from 24 FLUXNET towers were used to force the models, with results from both forcing sets compared to tower-based flux observations. Model performance was assessed on several timescales using both sub-daily and daily forcings. The PT-JPL model and GLEAM provide the best performance for both satellite- and tower-based forcing as well as for the considered temporal resolutions. Simulations using the PM-MOD were mostly underestimated, while the SEBS performance was characterized by a systematic overestimation. In general, all four algorithms produce the best results in wet and moderately wet climate regimes. In dry regimes, the correlation and the absolute agreement with the reference tower ET observations were consistently lower. While ET derived with in situ forcing data agrees best with the tower measurements (R2 = 0.67), the agreement of the satellite-based ET estimates is only marginally lower (R2 = 0.58). Results also show similar model performance at daily and sub-daily (3-hourly) resolutions. Overall, our validation experiments against in situ measurements indicate that there is no single best-performing algorithm across all biome and forcing types. An extension of the evaluation to a larger selection of 85 towers (model inputs resampled to a common grid to facilitate global estimates) confirmed the original findings.
Fuzz colour Grey Grey Greyish Green Naked Brown Green Green Brown Brown Green Green Seed nature Single Single Fused Fused Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Single Leaf hair Long Long Glabrous Glabrous Short

Cotton is the second most important cash crop contributing about 15% to the annual foreign earning in Tanzania and is purely from Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivars. Gossypium barbadense L. , a textile source in other parts of the world occurs as a feral perennial of ornamental and medicinal value in home gardens. G. barbadense L. is a natural host of the red bollworm, a destructive pest to cotton. The Southern Highlands (SH) of Tanzania have been quarantined from cotton production to control spread of the red bollworm to other growing areas. Transgenic cotton expressing the delta-endotoxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) offers an alternative control to the pest and reduced dependence on insecticide. Gene flow between wild or valued feral relatives and transgenic crops is a biosafety concern should transgene escape result in resistance development and contamination of germplasm. Potential gene flow between feral G. barbadense (including accessions Gb1 and Gb2) from the SH and G. hirsutum cultivars was assessed using controlled hybridization. The crosses produced fertile F1 but intraspecific seeds from G. barbadense did not germinate. G. barbadense is more likely to receive than donate genes implying development of pest resistance if introgressed filial generations express the Bt product.
IMPACT OF DELAYED INTRODUCTION OF SULPHADOXINE- PYRIMETHAMINE AND ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE ON MALARIA EPIDEMIOLOGY IN KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA Submitted to: NELSON R. MANDELA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL DURBAN SOUTH AFRICA For: Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement of Master of 

Background The years 1985 to 1988 and 1997 to 2001, were periods of high morbidity and mortality due to malaria in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. One reason for the increased burden of disease was the emergence of drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum. The parasite was resistant initially to chloroquine and then to sulphadoxine-pyramethamine, the medication of choice for the treatment and prevention of malaria in different periods of time. The changing epidemiology of malaria in Mrica was exacerbated by policy makers not making timely and rational change to the failing malaria drug regimens to newer and effective ones. Purpose ofthe study This study was conducted to determine the impact of delayed introduction of sulphadoxine-pyramethamine (Fansidar®) and artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem®) as a first-line drugs for malaria in KwaZulu-Natal from 1985 to 1988 and 1997 to 2001 respectivel y, Study Design Observational, Analytic, Ecological Method The incidence of malaria in KwaZulu-Natal was compared during different phases of the period when chloroquine was the first line treatment. The baseline phase (1982 to 1984) was taken when chloroquine correctly should have been used and this was compared with the delayed phase (1985 to 1988), when it should have been replaced by of sulphadoxinepyramethamine. During the second period sulphadoxine-pyramethamine was the first line treatment of malaria, the baseline phase (1993 to 1996) when it correctly should have been used was compared to the delayed phase (1997 to 2001) of introduction of the alternate treatment of malaria with artemether-Iumefantrine. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee, of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
TESTING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND NATIONAL INCOME IN MALAYSIA

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between national income and Government expenditure in Malaysia. The annual data over the period 1960 to 1998 were used. The result of Johansen multivariate cointegration revealed that no long run relationship among the non-stationary variables existed. Further, a unidirectional causality was observed, that is, from national income growth to Government expenditure growth. Thus, Wagner's law is supported by the data, in the short run. Some relevant policy issues and implications are discussed.
The examination of parent-adolescent communication motives, relational maintenance and intimacy in the uses of communication technologies

Both parents and adolescents have adopted a wide range of technologies in their daily lives. Most scholars are interested in the consequences of individuals’ technology addiction and relational development while little attention is given to their family relationships through the communication of new media. Drawing from the perspectives of media uses and gratifications, this study develops an empirical model by investigating the connections between adolescents’ communication motives and their perceptions of relational maintenance and intimacy with their parents. The uses of media technologies, family communication patterns and parents’ gender are also included to examine the multiplicity of their relationships. A group of 400 parents with adolescents at home are recruited in the survey and research variables are analyzed by statistical methods. The results show parents initiate communications with their adolescents derived from various motives, facilitated by relational maintenance and achieved different aspects of intimacy. Parents’ communication motives and intimacy are also shaped by the effects of family communication patterns (FCPs) and parents’ family role (e.g. Father or Mother). The research implications may provide opportunities for further exploration toward parent-adolescent communication and dyads relationship. Key words: Examination, parent-adolescent communication motives, relational maintenance, intimacy, communication technologies.
Changes of carbon dioxide concentration in soils caused by forestry machine traffic

Abstract Forestry machine traffic causes a number of changes that are not immediately reflected in morphological changes of surface soil. These changes are physical and chemical in nature. The change in subsurface soil CO2 concentration was one of the parameters of interest. The critical CO2 concentration is thought to fluctuate around 0.6%. The primary objective of this paper was to determine the impact of forestry machine traffic on subsurface soil CO2 concentration. We measured CO2 concentration in the areas undisturbed by machinery and in the ruts in skid trails in eight forest stands. The measurements were performed using a Vaisala MI 70 meter. The results confirmed significant differences in gas concentrations between the individual measurement sites. In the ruts of the skid trails, CO2 concentrations fluctuated in a range of 0.5 to 2.81% and significantly exceeded the critical concentration. Moisture content and bulk density had a significant impact on the change in gas concentration beneath the surface, which was confirmed by multivariate analysis of variance that revealed that the values of the coefficient of correlation fluctuated in a range of 0.39 to 0.74.
Organizational mortality in European and American automobile industries. Part I : Revisiting the effects of age and size

Recent research on organizational mortality controls for the effect of age-varying organizational size and yields divergent results. Some studies find that ageing lowers mortality rates; others find the opposite pattern. The authors argue that this divergence reflects partly an overly simple specification of the effects of age and size. They argue that the effects of size on mortality rates differ by age group. Using complete data on organizational populations of automobile manufacturers in Britain, France, Germany, and the United States, they find that specifications with such age-variation improve over the usual specifications. The results for the American, French, and German populations indicate that age dependence is negative for the largest organizations and positive for small ones. The pattern is the reverse in the British population
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN FACTORS AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN YEMENI INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES

This study conducted an empirical investigation into the extent of total quality management practices in the Yemeni industrial companies. It evaluated the impact of the human factors of quality management on organizational performance. The data employed in this study were questionnaires from 87 industrial companies. The sample consisted of three quality managers for each company and a total of 210 managers responded to the survey in response rate of 80%. A structural equation modelling (SEM) was carried out by Amos program to evaluate the hypothesis of this study. This study is the first to report on the human side of total quality management in Yemen as well in Middle East countries. In this study, the findings revealed a direct relationship among the variables; the human factors directly impacted organizational performance and the standardized coefficient was . 432 and significant at . 001 level (P = .000).
Andean uplift drives diversification of the bothriurid scorpion genus Brachistosternus

One of the planet's most imposing geomorphological features, the Andes, played an important role in the evolution of South America's flora and fauna. The bothriurid scorpion genus Brachistosternus Pocock, 1893 comprises more than 40 species with high diversity and endemism in the Andes. The present contribution investigates the biogeographical history of this genus using molecular phylogenetics and dating, to determine the role of Andean uplift on the distribution and diversification of its species.
Impact of export variety on productivity in Japan

This paper underlines the idea of endogenous growth theory that new or higher quality products have significant impacts on productivity and economic growth. Different with previous studies, this paper uses a quite comprehensive definition of variety, which distinguishes the country of origin of the products. With disaggregated level of export data of Japan from 1980 to 2000, the empirical results suggest that nearly half of the industries studied have positive and significant relationship between varieties and Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Most of the industries, which show the positive and significant relationship between export variety and TFP, are secondary industries. This conclusion may bring an implication for Japan to produce more differentiated products to help increase its TFP.
Ecological and Behavioral Impacts of Snag Density on Cavity-Nesting Birds in the Oak Savanna

Karen V. Root and Paul A. Moore, Co-Advisors Natural and anthropogenic disturbances affect the abundance, availability, and distribution of resources within oak savanna, an early successional ecosystem. Disturbancedependent species, such as cavity-nesting birds of the oak savanna, are experiencing population declines. The cavity-nesting bird guild depends on snags (standing dead trees), which occur naturally, but are also formed as a result of oak savanna restoration practices. In order to understand the role that snag density plays on the ecology and behavior of cavity-nesting birds, we assessed the relative abundance, evidence of reproductive success, activity budgets and substrate use of the guild in five oak savanna sites. We also analyzed the influence of other site characteristics including canopy cover and area on all bird relative abundance, diversity, and cavity-nesting bird behavior. Cavity-nesting bird and all bird abundance were related to snag density by polynomial functions where the relative abundance of birds was highest at either ends of the snag density range. The site without any confirmed nests and the lowest species diversity had the lowest snag density (5.4 snags/ha) and the most homogenous canopy, however, the weight of juvenile Eastern Bluebirds was highest at that site. No differences in activity budgets were found between sites at the guild scale, however, substrate use at the guild and species scale was different between sites. At the guild scale, as snag density increased, snags were used more often and as canopy cover increased, snags and dead wood were used less and live wood was used more often. At the species scale, patterns of substrate use were similar to those of the guild, however, the site with the lowest snag density and homogenous canopy particularly influenced substrate use as canopy cover increased. These results suggest that not only is snag density
Evaluation of Rapid Methods in Malaria Diagnosis from Persons attending Primary Health Facilities , Ogun State

Malaria in Nigeria is treated blindly in most cases and where diagnostic measures exist, efficacies of several are still in doubt. This study evaluated performance of microscopy and rapid (RDT) methods in confirming prevalence of malaria parasites (MP),parasite species and percent parasitized red blood cells in 384 persons systematically selected from seven primary healthcare facilities in Ogun State, Nigeria from October to December 2012. Giemsa thin and thick film techniques and RDT (SD Bioline Ag P.f/Pan kit) were employed on the blood samples. Data were analysed using SPSS version 16. Demographic results showed that females were 61% and males 39%,but of varying age groups. Seventy-one percent of the blood samples were positive for MP by microscopic blood films, and only 24% samples were positive by RDT. Paired sample T-test showed a significant difference (P=0.000)between microscopy and RDT methods. Of the 273 positive blood samples,95.6%were P. falciparum,3.3% were P. malariae, 0.7% was P. ovale and P. vivax (0.4%). For RDT, P. falciparum was 74% while mixed infections were 26%. Prevalence in risk groups 0–10 and 11–20 age groups was observed to be higher with significant differences (p=0.011, p=0.023) for both microscopy and RDT respectively. RDT sensitivity and specificity were 23.4% and 74.7% compared to microscopy. Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value were 69.6% and 28.4%. The efficiency of the RDT was 38.3%. The low sensitivity of RDT observed means that malaria diagnosis by microscopy method remains the gold standard.