Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological and Performance Changes From The Addition of a Sprint Interval Program to Wrestling Training

Farzad, B, Gharakhanlou, R, Agha-Alinejad, H, Curby, DG, Bayati, M, Bahraminejad, M, and Mäestu, J. Physiological and performance changes from the addition of a sprint-interval program to wrestling training. J Strength Cond Res 25(9): 2392-2399, 2011—Increasing the level of physical fitness for competition is the primary goal of any conditioning program for wrestlers. Wrestlers often need to peak for competitions several times over an annual training cycle. Additionally, the scheduling of these competitions does not always match an ideal periodization plan and may require a modified training program to achieve a high level of competitive fitness in a short-time frame. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 4 weeks of sprint-interval training (SIT) program, on selected aerobic and anaerobic performance indices, and hormonal and hematological adaptations, when added to the traditional Iranian training of wrestlers in their preseason phase. Fifteen trained wrestlers were assigned to either an experimental (EXP) or a control (CON) group. Both groups followed a traditional preparation phase consisting of learning and drilling technique, live wrestling and weight training for 4 weeks. In addition, the EXP group performed a running-based SIT protocol. The SIT consisted of 6 35-m sprints at maximum effort with a 10-second recovery between each sprint. The SIT protocol was performed in 2 sessions per week, for the 4 weeks of the study. Before and after the 4-week training program, pre and posttesting was performed on each subject on the following: a graded exercise test (GXT) to determine &OV0312;o2max, the velocity associated with &OV0312;o2max (ν&OV0312;o2max), maximal ventilation, and peak oxygen pulse; a time to exhaustion test (Tmax) at their ν&OV0312;O2max; and 4 successive Wingate tests with a 4-minute recovery between each trial for the determination of peak and mean power output (PPO, MPO). Resting blood samples were also collected at the beginning of each pre and posttesting period, before and after the 4-week training program. The EXP group showed significant improvements in &OV0312;O2max (+5.4%), peak oxygen pulse (+7.7%) and Tmax (+32.2%) compared with pretesting. The EXP group produced significant increases in PPO and MPO during the Wingate testing compared with pretesting (p < 0.05). After the 4-week training program, total testosterone and the total testosterone/cortisol ratio increased significantly in the EXP group, whereas cortisol tended to decrease (p = 0.06). The current findings indicate that the addition of an SIT program with short recovery can improve both aerobic and anaerobic performances in trained wrestlers during the preseason phase. The hormonal changes seen suggest training-induced anabolic adaptations.
Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the Southern Cone of Latin America

Aims To determine the prevalence, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as well as associated factors in the adult population of four cities of the Southern Cone of Latin America (SCLA). Methods This is a cross-sectional population-based study that included 7407 adults between 35 and 74 years old in four cities of the SCLA: Temuco (Chile), Marcos Paz and Bariloche (Argentina), and Pando-Barros Blancos (Uruguay). DM was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL or self-reported history of diabetes. Awareness, treatment, and control of DM were defined as subjects self-reporting a DM previous diagnosis, the use of a prescription medication or nonpharmacological intervention for DM, and fasting plasma glucose <126 mg/dl, respectively. Results Prevalence of DM varied among cities, between 8.4% in Bariloche and 14.3% in Temuco. Prevalence of IFG varied at different sites, from 3.5% in Barros Blancos to 6.8% in Marcos Paz. Of the total number of people with diabetes, 20% were newly diagnosed at the time of the study. Overall, 79.8% of patients with diabetes were aware of their condition. The treatment and control rate were 58.8% and 46.2%, respectively. Older age, family history of diabetes, lower educational attainment, overweight, obesity, central obesity, low physical activity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were all significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Conclusions The prevalence of DM and IFG in the adult population of the SCLA is high and varies among cities. These conditions represent a public health challenge since the rates of awareness, treatment, and control are still low.
Can tissue microarray-based analysis of protein expression predict recurrence of stage Ta bladder cancer?

Abstract Objective. Being able to predict the recurrence or progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer would facilitate effective planning of treatments and follow-up. Biomarkers are needed that can supply prognostic information beyond that provided by clinical and pathological parameters. Tissue microarray (TMA)-based analysis of Ta bladder tumours was used to investigate the prognostic value of expression of several proteins involved in bladder carcinogenesis. Material and methods. Tumour tissue from 52 patients with Ta bladder cancer was investigated. At least three 0.6 mm punch cores from each tumour were placed in a paraffin array block. Tumour expression of tumour protein 53 (TP53), CDH1 (E-cadherin), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated with time to recurrence. Median follow-up time was 3.1 years. Whole-section IHC analysis was performed to validate significant findings. Results. Of all patients, 69% (36/52) experienced recurrence. In univariate analysis, recurrence was associated with multifocality, number of earlier recurrences and a low quantity score for EGFR. In a multivariate model, a low EGFR quantity score was correlated with early recurrence (hazard ratio = 5.5, p = 0.003). However, whole-section IHC results for EGFR differed markedly from the TMA findings (κ = 0.07) and no association with time to recurrence was found (p = 0.65). Conclusions. Expression of EGFR measured by TMA-IHC, but not by whole-section IHC, was associated with early recurrence. The results suggest that the proteins assessed have no predictive value for recurrences. Concerns are raised regarding the methodology and generalization of results obtained with TMA-IHC.
Persistent interferon transgene expression by RNA interference‐mediated silencing of interferon receptors

The in vivo half‐life of interferons (IFNs) is very short, and its extension would produce a better therapeutic outcome in IFN‐based therapy. Delivery of IFN genes is one solution for providing a sustained supply. IFNs have a variety of functions, including the suppression of transgene expression, through interaction with IFN receptors (IFNRs). This suppression could prevent IFNs from being expressed from vectors delivered. Silencing the expression of IFNAR and IFNGR, the receptors for type I and II IFNs, respectively, in cells expressing IFNs may prolong transgene expression of IFNs.
Effects of Subchronic Exposures to Concentrated Ambient Particles (CAPs) in Mice: VIII. Source-Related Daily Variations in In Vitro Responses to CAPs

Abstract The NYU PM Center subchronic animal inhalation study addressed the issues of composition and sources of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), as well as the relationship of these PM2.5 characteristics to the cellular response of human bronchial epithelial cells. In this simultaneous study, we used an in vitro exposure technique to compare the daily variations of the responses of cells to fine concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) collected from a rural area upwind of New York City for the period of 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. on weekdays only, March–September, 2003. Chemical composition data for CAPs were modeled using factor analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation to determine four particle source categories contributing significant amount of mass to CAPs at Sterling Forest (Tuxedo, NY). These source categories are: (1) regional secondary sulfate characterized by high S, Si, and organic carbon (OC); (2) resuspended soil characterized by high concentrations of Ca, Fe, Al, and Si; (3) oil-fired power plants emissions of the eastern United States identified by presence of V, Ni, and Se; and (4) unknown other sources. To estimate the mass contributions of each individual source category, the CAPs mass concentration was regressed against the factor scores. Regional sulfate was the largest contributor to mass (65%), followed by soil (20%), residual oil combustion (2%), and the other sources contributing 13%. Based on an evaluation of the cellular responses to CAPs and a detailed chemical characterization of the ambient PM2.5, we investigated the sources and individual components of ambient PM2.5 that are responsible for the induced cellular response. Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κ B) was selected as a monitor of cellular stress response that followed after the exposure to CAPs. The results of the NF-κ B assay were found to be most highly correlated with Ni and V among the individual components, and with the residual oil combustion source category.
Effect of Dietary Components from Antarctic Krill on Atherosclerosis in apoE-Deficient Mice.

SCOPE Antarctic krill is a great source of n-3 fatty acids and high-quality proteins. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Antarctic krill components on plasma lipids and atherosclerosis development. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty apoEKO mice were divided into four groups and fed Western diet (CONTROL) or Western-like diets, differing for protein or fat content. Specifically, casein or fat in CONTROL was partially replaced by krill proteins (PRO), krill oil (KRILL OIL), or both (KRILL OIL+PRO). In KRILL OIL+PRO and KRILL OIL, cholesterol levels were significantly lower than in CONTROL group. Atherosclerosis in aorta of PRO, KRILL OIL and KRILL OIL+PRO was lower than in CONTROL, whereas, at the aortic sinus, atherosclerosis reduction was only observed in KRILL OIL. Liver steatosis, commonly present in CONTROL and PRO animals, was sporadic in KRILL OIL+PRO and KRILL OIL mice. Krill oil containing diets affected the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, mainly HMG-CoA reductase. No reduced systemic inflammation was found in all groups. CONCLUSION Krill oil containing diets were able to reduce cholesterol levels, inhibit plaque development and prevent liver damage. Krill proteins also reduced atherosclerosis development through mechanisms not involving lipid metabolism.
Transmission Expansion Planning for Wind Turbine Integrated Power Systems Considering Contingency

Integration of wind turbines introduces new challenges in terms of planning criteria. In this study, a new transmission expansion planning methodology considering N-1 contingency conditions is proposed to minimize investment cost and curtailed wind energy over planning period. To deal with the uncertainty of load and output power of wind turbines, probabilistic method based on clustering is used for determination of load and wind model. To incorporate the wind power curtailment into the proposed methodology, optimal power flow which uses DC-power flow equations is utilized by including cost functions of generators and overall optimization is carried out by using an integer genetic algorithm. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to the modified IEEE RTS 24-bus test system by considering different case studies in order to show the effects of including cost functions.
The structural organization of the pineal complex in the domestic goose

The light and electron microscopic structure of the pineal complex of the domestic goose was studied. The complex is tubulofollicular but there is no direct connection between the constituent system of ducts and the third ventricle of the brain. Within the pineal, blood vessels accompanied by sympathetic nerve bundles are confined to the connective tissue. Other nerve fibers and occasional nerve cell bodies, however, do occur among the pineal cells.
Fibrils of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Fragments Boost Infections with XMRV (Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus), a Human Retrovirus Associated with Prostate Cancer

ABSTRACT The xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) has recently been detected in prostate cancer tissues and may play a role in tumorigenesis. It is currently unclear how this virus is transmitted and which factors promote its spread in the prostate. We show that amyloidogenic fragments known as semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) originating from prostatic acid phosphatase greatly increase XMRV infections of primary prostatic epithelial and stromal cells. Hybrid simian/human immunodeficiency chimeric virus particles pseudotyped with XMRV envelope protein were used to demonstrate that the enhancing effect of SEVI, or of human semen itself, was at the level of viral attachment and entry. SEVI enhanced XMRV infectivity but did not bypass the requirement for the xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1. Furthermore, XMRV RNA was detected in prostatic secretions of some men with prostate cancer. The fact that the precursor of SEVI is produced in abundance by the prostate indicates that XMRV replication occurs in an environment that provides a natural enhancer of viral infection, and this may play a role in the spread of this virus in the human population.
Osteoporosis Recovery by Antrodia camphorata Alcohol Extracts through Bone Regeneration in SAMP8 Mice

Antrodia camphorata has previously demonstrated the efficacy in treating cancer and anti-inflammation. In this study, we are the first to evaluate Antrodia camphorata alcohol extract (ACAE) for osteoporosis recovery in vitro with preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) and in vivo with an osteoporosis mouse model established in our previous studies, ovariectomized senescence accelerated mice (OVX-SAMP8). Our results demonstrated that ACAE treatment was slightly cytotoxic to preosteoblast at 25 μg/mL, by which the osteogenic gene expression (RUNX2, OPN, and OCN) was significantly upregulated with an increased ratio of OPG to RANKL, indicating maintenance of the bone matrix through inhibition of osteoclastic pathway. Additionally, evaluation by Alizarin Red S staining showed increased mineralization in ACAE-treated preosteoblasts. For in vivo study, our results indicated that ACAE inhibits bone loss and significantly increases percentage bone volume, trabecular bone number, and bone mineral density in OVX-SAMP8 mice treated with ACAE. Collectively, in vitro and in vivo results showed that ACAE could promote osteogenesis and prevent bone loss and should be considered an evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine for osteoporosis therapy through the maintenance of bone health.
Dynamics of bone turnover in children with GH deficiency treated with GH until final height.

OBJECTIVE To examine the dynamics of bone turnover in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) during long-term treatment. DESIGN We longitudinally measured growth velocity and serum concentrations of osteocalcin (OC), carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), and cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in 24 patients with GHD during long-term GH treatment until final height (age: 7.7+/-0.7 and 16.9+/-0.5 years at baseline and at final height respectively). RESULTS At baseline, OC, PICP, and ICTP levels were significantly (P<0.0001) reduced in comparison with prepubertal bone age-matched controls (10.2+/-2.3 microgram/l and 22.5+/-7.6 microgram/l; 187.8+/-26.2 microgram/l and 328. 4+/-74.3 microgram/l; 7.7+/-2.0 microgram/l and 14.2+/-1.3 microgram/l respectively). During the first year of treatment mean levels of the bone markers increased significantly (P<0.0001) with a peak at 12 months. After the first year of treatment, OC and PICP levels progressively declined, whereas ICTP levels remained stable until the final height; in any case, bone marker levels remained significantly higher (P<0.03-P<0.0001) than baseline. The change in bone marker levels at 6 and 12 months of treatment with respect to the baseline values was not related to growth rate during long-term treatment or final height. CONCLUSIONS The results show that children with GHD have reduced bone turnover at baseline, and that long-term GH treatment is associated with a stimulation of bone turnover. OC, PICP, and ICTP do not predict growth rate during long-term treatment or final height in children with GHD.
Temporal and spatial characteristics of high frequency oscillations as a new biomarker in epilepsy

Interictal high frequency oscillations (HFOs) are a promising candidate as a biomarker in epilepsy as well as for defining the seizure‐onset zone as for the prediction of the surgical outcome after epilepsy surgery. The purpose of the study is to investigate properties of HFOs in long‐term recordings with respect to the sleep–wake cycle and anatomic regions to verify previous results based on observations from short intervals and patients mainly with temporal lobe epilepsy to the analysis of hours of recordings and focal epilepsies with extratemporal origin.
Two‐dimensional proteome reference map of Prototheca zopfii revealed reduced metabolism and enhanced signal transduction as adaptation to an infectious life style

Biochemical, serological, and genetic analyses have identified two genotypes of Prototheca zopfii, a unicellular microalga belonging to the family Chlorellaceae. The P. zopfii genotype 1, abundantly present in cow barns and environment, remains nonpathogenic, while P. zopfii genotype 2 has been isolated from cows with bovine mastitis. The present study was carried out to identify the protein expression level difference between the pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of P. zopfii. A total of 782 protein spots were observed on the 2D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) gels among which 63 and 44 proteins were identified to be overexpressed in genotypes 1 and 2, respectively. The limited number of protein entries specific for Prototheca in public repositories resulted mainly in the identification of proteins described in other algae, microorganisms, or plants. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated reduced carbohydrate metabolism in genotype 1, while genotype 2 displayed enhanced DNA binding, kinase activity, and signal transduction. These effects point to metabolic and signaling adaptations in the pathogenic strain and provide insights into the evolution of otherwise highly similar strains. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000126.
Juglanconis gen. nov. on Juglandaceae, and the new family Juglanconidaceae (Diaporthales)

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS-LSU rDNA sequence data demonstrate that Melanconis species occurring on Juglandaceae are phylogenetically distinct from Melanconis s.str. , and therefore the new genus Juglanconis is described. Morphologically, the genus Juglanconis differs from Melanconis by light to dark brown conidia with irregular verrucae on the inner surface of the conidial wall, while in Melanconis s.str. they are smooth. Juglanconis forms a separate clade not affiliated with a described family of Diaporthales, and the family Juglanconidaceae is introduced to accommodate it. Data of macro- and microscopic morphology and phylogenetic multilocus analyses of partial nuSSU-ITS-LSU rDNA, cal, his, ms204, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences revealed four distinct species of Juglanconis. Comparison of the markers revealed that tef1 introns are the best performing markers for species delimitation, followed by cal, ms204 and tub2. The ITS, which is the primary barcoding locus for fungi, is amongst the poorest performing markers analysed, due to the comparatively low number of informative characters. Melanconium juglandinum (= Melanconis carthusiana), M. oblongum (= Melanconis juglandis) and M. pterocaryae are formally combined into Juglanconis, and J. appendiculata is described as a new species. Melanconium juglandinum and Melanconis carthusiana are neotypified and M. oblongum and Diaporthe juglandis are lectotypified. A short description and illustrations of the holotype of Melanconium ershadii from Pterocarya fraxinifolia are given, but based on morphology it is not considered to belong to Juglanconis. A key to all treated species of Juglanconis is provided.
Recurrent Optic Neuromyelitis with Endocrinopathies

We report a new syndrome that we call "recurrent optic neuromyelitis with endocrinopathies" in eight Antillean women from Martinique and Guadeloupe.Ocular involvement was either monocular or binocular, whereas myelopathy was acute or subacute. In seven patients, myelopathic symptoms recurred, and in six patients, visual problems recurred. Spinal cord involvement was a consistent band-like pseudo-syringomyelic dissociated sensory loss. All eight patients had endocrinopathies consisting of amenorrhea, galactorrhea, diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism, or hyperphagia. Spinal cord MRI revealed cavitation-like images. Various immunosuppressant treatments had little effect on the uniformly deteriorating course, ending in blindness and paraplegia. Six patients died within 5 years of onset, and an autopsy in one patient showed multiple demyelinizing lesions of the spinal cord with thickened blood vessel walls without evidence of inflammation. These cases appear to constitute a syndrome distinct from MS and from classic Devic's syndrome, not only because of the association with endocrinopathies but because of the stereotypy of the recurrences, the absence of MRI lesions in the cerebral white matter, and the unusual image of cavitation of the spinal cord. The syndrome is also distinct from HTLV-I-associated paraparesis, which is endemic in the West Indies. NEUROLOGY 1997;48: 58-64
Two novel ADAMTS13 gene mutations in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic-uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS).

BACKGROUND Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) are now considered to be variants of one single syndrome called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic-uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS). Key features are thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and subsequently impaired function of different organs, especially the kidneys and the central nervous system (CNS). One possible reason is the deficiency of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (vWF-CP) resulting in persistence of uncleaved, ultralarge von Willebrand factor multimers (ULvWFM). METHODS We report a patient who was initially diagnosed with Evans syndrome (hemolytic anemia and autoimmune thrombocytopenia) as infant. At 10 years of age he developed HUS-like disease with gastrointestinal tract infection, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia,and acute renal failure. However, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-like or Shiga-like toxins were not detected. RESULTS Further investigations revealed severe deficiency (<3%; normal >40%) of vWF-CP activity caused by compound heterozygosity of two novel ADAMTS13 gene mutations (1170 G>C [W390C] and 3735 G>A [W1245X]. vWF-CP autoantibodies were not detected. Periodic (every 2 weeks) treatment with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) maintained both platelet level and kidney function within normal range and prevented new episodes of TTP/HUS. CONCLUSION Enteropathogenic E. coli- and Shiga-like toxin-negative patients who present with hemolytic or thrombocytopenic episodes and HUS like symptoms should be tested for vWF-CP deficiency and other noninfectious reasons for TTP/HUS since plasma substitution possibly provides an efficient therapeutic option for this subgroup of patients.