Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leader empowering behavior : how do trust and leader-subordinate congruence in personal need for structure influence a leader's motivation to empower?

An important part of understanding leader empowering behavior is to establish its determinants. By understanding its determinants, leaders can become aware of what may influence their behavior, both unconsciously and consciously. This study therefore explores leader empowering behavior in relation to such assumed determinants in order to test if they have an impact on exercising leader empowering behavior. Our chosen determinants for this study are related to empowerment in both new ways and in old ways. The new angle is to look into similarity in personality characteristics, and more specifically personal need for structure. The old angle is linking trust to empowerment, which have been done in several previous studies. However, we have chosen to follow a more recent approach and look at leader’s trust in subordinates as a determinant. We propose that personality similarity in personal need for structure will lead to more trust in subordinates, and that higher trust again will influence leader empowering behavior. We justify this approach by previous researchers’ findings that personality similarities lead to more trust, and from indications that trust between leader and subordinate is likely to lead to leader empowering behavior. We further intend to establish if there is a direct relationship between personality similarities and leader empowering behavior, hence a direct relationship between similarity in personal need for structure and leader empowering behavior. Contrary to our expectations, and previous research supporting a positive influence of similarity in individual differences, leader-subordinate congruence in personal need for structure did not influence trust nor leader empowering behavior. Rather, our findings reveal that subordinates’ levels of personal need for structure appear to play an important role for leaders’ trust in subordinates, however not in relation to the display of leader empowering behavior. An elaborative discussion of our findings is shared along with possible limitations and directions for further research.
Equatorial Pacific subsurface countercurrents: A model-data comparison in stream coordinates

Abstract An isopycnal stream-coordinate analysis of velocity, transport, and potential vorticity (PV), recently applied to observations of the subsurface countercurrents (SCCs) in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, is applied here to the SCCs in a numerical general ocean circulation model, run by the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC). Each observed SCC core separates regions of nearly uniform potential vorticity: low on the equatorward side, high on the poleward side. Similar low-PV pools are found in the model, but the high-PV region poleward of the southern SCC is missing. The potential vorticity gradient in each core is weaker in the model than in observations, and relative vorticity plays only a minor role in the model. Its unusually high vertical resolution, with 55 levels, together with its weak lateral dissipation may be key factors in the JAMSTEC model's ability to simulate SCCs.
CONDUCTING VALUE ENGINEERING ANALYSIS AROUND A COMPUTER SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE WORK IN DESIGN PLATFORM

Computer supported cooperative tools in design are introduced to improve the preliminary design process. A design strategy called Methodological Circulation is also presented, which is based on a co-evolutionary perspective of tools and methods. The impact of computer tools is assessed through comparative design observations. Practitioners are observed performing the same design activity collaboratively, supported by paper-based and computer-based tools. Results show that computer tools enhance involvement, motivation, and users' satisfaction as well as their accuracy and time-efficiency.
The effect of temperature on the growth rate of Arabidopsis thaliana wild type and cer10 mutant

Cuticular wax aids in regulating water loss in the small flowering plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Unlike the wild type, the eceriferum10 (cer10) mutant lacks the ability to properly synthesize cuticular wax. This mutation may affect its growth rate when subjected to different temperature-stress environments. The purpose of this study was to determine whether different temperatures had an effect on the growth rate of the wild type or cer10 mutation of A . thaliana . By measuring the diameter of the rosette from samples of wild-type and mutant seedlings grown in 20°C and 30°C incubators, growth rate was calculated over the course of ten days. A two-way ANOVA test was used on these average growth rates to determine if differences between mean growth rates were significant. The results indicated that temperature had no significant effect on the growth rate of Arabidopsis thaliana ( p =0.23). Additionally, the presence of the cer10 mutation had no significant effect on growth rate of A. thaliana ( p =0.39). Moreover, the effect of temperature on the growth rate of A. thaliana is the same in wild type and cer10 mutants ( p =0.30).
Modeling of vortex ripple morphodynamics

[1] A new morphology module has been developed in order to perform simulations of the bed form evolution under hydrodynamic forcing. This module has been implemented into the numerical model Dune2D, which solves the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations in the boundary layer and resolves sediment transport over moving sand beds. The morphology module is composed of a modified central scheme and a routine that simulates avalanches and has been successfully applied to the study of orbital ripples evolution. Ripple growth from a quasiflat bed have been simulated, and the growth behavior has been compared to previous experimental measurements. The simulated ripples reach an equilibrium state where energy damping processes (avalanches) compensate energy production processes (flux of sediment). These processes have been analyzed during ripple creation, growth, merging, and annihilation. Furthermore, sandy bed evolutions have been simulated with random initial bed forms in order to examine the influence of the bed “history” on the final solution and the wave energy dissipated during these evolutions.
Prostate and Colon Cancer Stem Cells as a Target for Anti-Cancer Drug Development

With a worldwide cumulative incidence rate of 9.4%, colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths when both sexes are combined, and prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men (Jemal et al., 2009). Standard anti-cancer drugs often fail to provide a longterm cure of epithelial tumors, which represent about 90% of human cancers. Thus, response rates in phase I oncology trials were as low as 2.5% over the last decade (Roberts et al., 04; Kamb et al., 07). Such limited effectiveness of standard anti-cancer therapies has been recently attributed to the existence of relatively rare, highly drug resistant, quiescent or slow proliferating tumor-driving cells cancer stem cells (CSCs). Tumor cells with a stem cell-like properties, such as self-renewal and ability to differentiate into multiple cell types characteristic for particular tumor have recently been identified in all major human tumors, including prostate and colon cancers (reviewed in Dalerba et al., 07a; Mimeault et al., 07). Accumulated knoweledge suggests that majority, if not all tumors possess a minor subpopulation of stem cells and a major (or bulk) mass of progenitors at different stages of their maturation. Malignant stem-like subpopulation within the tumors possesses exclusive tumor-initiating capacity in vivo (after serial transplantation to the immunodeficient mice) and high potential to induce 3D cancer spheroids in vitro (after serial passaging). Since CSCs are responsible for tumor initiation, development and metastasis, and are highly resistant to standard anti-cancer therapies, they are likely to be the most crucial target in the treatment of cancer. This new concept of carcinogenesis and new paradigm in anti-cancer therapy requires significant reconsideration of previously accepted criteria of the drug effectiveness and development of novel, physiologically and clinically more relevant experimental models. Although isolation and purification of the cancer-specific CSCs reamain to be problematic due to lack of the unique CSC surface markers and insufficient knowledge of the CSC biology, several methodological approaches allow for prospective isolation, purification and reasonable propagation of these cells. Applying these approaches, we and others previously have shown that prostate and colon tumor-initiating cells are functionally, genomically and morphologically different from their bulk tumor counterparts. In this chapter we will discuss novel criteria of the anti-cancer drug efficacy, and present our data on the CSCtargeted activities of a new-generation taxoids.
Evaluation of Iron Status in 9-Month to 5-Year-Old Children with Febrile Seizures: A Case-Control Study in the South West of Iran

Objective Febrile convulsions are prevalent in children aged between 9 months and 5 years, with an incidence of 2-5%. On the other hand, iron deficiency anemia is the most common hematologic disease of infancy and childhood with a period of incidence that coincides with the time of developing febrile convulsions. Therefore, it is hypothesized that there is a possible association between these conditions. This study was designed to elucidate this association. Materials & Methods Two sex and age matched groups (n=50 in each) of 9-month to 5-year-old febrile children who were admitted to Abuzar Hospital between September 2003 and October 2004 were selected. The first group, or the case group, included children with the first attack of febrile seizure and the second group, or the control group, included febrile children without seizure. Blood samples were collected for measuring complete blood count (CBC) indices, serum Iron,ferritin and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) levels. Results Both groups were comparable for age, sex, and the type of febrile illness at admission, except for seizure. There was no significant difference in CBC, Iron and TIBC between two groups but a signicant difference was seen in MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume), especially in females (P= 0.017). The ferritin level in the case group was significantly lower (30.3 ±16.5 µg/dl) than the control group (84.2 ±28.5 µg /dl) (P= 0.000). Conclusion The findings of this study suggested a positive association between iron deficiency and the first febrile seizure in children. Supplemental iron may prevent the recurrence of febrile seizure. Prudently, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods need to be undertaken to substantiate this hypothesis.
Psychological Strengths as Predictors of Postgraduate Students' Academic Achievement

This study sought to predict students' Grade Point Average (GPA) from their personal sense of coherence, locus of control, hope and research self-efficacy. Participants were 429 postgraduate students at a large South African university (males = 86, females = 311, age range = 20 to 53, mean age = 30, SD = 6.77). They completed measures of sense of coherence, locus of control, hope orientation and research self-efficacy. Data were analysed using logistic regression. Results revealed that only research self-efficacy significantly predicted academic achievement. Although of small practical significance, it seems that students' beliefs about their own potential and abilities regarding research could influence their success to some degree. It is recommended that research self-efficacy, together with other psychological strengths, be further investigated as a predictor of academic success.
The Impact of Fiscal Deficits on Economic Growth in Nigeria

The study investigates the impact of fiscal deficits on economic growth in Nigeria in 1970 – 2009. Budget deficit arises from fiscal operations of the government. Technically, a deficit would arise whenever expenditure surpasses revenues. In Nigeria, huge fiscal deficits had been recorded over the some years. To what extent have these impacted economic growth in Nigeria? In considering this question, this paper posits that the inter play of other variables such as broad money supply along with fiscal deficits may give a better understanding of the budget deficit situation in Nigeria. The ordinary least square was carried out on the data to test the type of relationship between the variables whether positive or negative and to find out if the variables are significant or not. The finding, show that fiscal deficits positively affects economic growth in Nigeria and money supply is significant in explaining economic growth (GDP) variation in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that government spending should be more in productive sectors of the economy and adequate monetary policy should be geared towards balancing the role money supply plays to both budget deficits and inflation. Key words : Fiscal deficits; Economic growth; Government spending and budget deficits
Nonlinear modelling and dynamic stability analysis of a flexible Cartesian robotic manipulator with base disturbance and terminal load

Abstract. The flexible Cartesian robotic manipulator (FCRM) is coming into widespread application in industry. Because of the feeble rigidity and heavy deflection, the dynamic characteristics of the FCRM are easily influenced by external disturbances which mainly concentrate in the driving end and the load end. Thus, with the influence of driving base disturbance and terminal load considered, the motion differential equations of the FCRM under the plane motion of the base are constructed, which contain the forced and non-linear parametric excitations originated from the disturbances of base lateral and axial motion respectively. Considering the relationship between the coefficients of the motion differential equations and the mode shapes of the flexible manipulator, the analytic expressions of the mode shapes with terminal load are deduced. Then, based on multiple scales method and rectangular coordinate transformation, the average equations of the FCRM are derived to analyze the influence mechanism of base disturbance and terminal load on the system parametric vibration stability. The results show that terminal load mainly affects the node locations of mode shapes and mode frequencies of the FCRM, and the axial motion disturbance of the driving base introduces parametric excitation while the lateral motion disturbance generates forced excitation for the transverse vibration model of the FCRM. Furthermore, with the increase of the base excitation acceleration and terminal load, the parametric vibration instability region of the FCRM increases significantly. This study will be helpful for the dynamic characteristics analysis and vibration control of the FCRM.
The Importance of the Dynamic Source Effects on Strong Ground Motion during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake: Brief Interpretation of the Damage Distribution on Buildings

The 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake, that originated on a low-angle reverse fault, showed complexity and uncommon characteristics. The records show that the hanging-wall side is characterized by larger particle motions than the foot- wall, and the ground motion is stronger in the northern part than in the southern part of the causative fault. Although the strongest ground motion occurred near the north- ern part of the trace, structural damage was heavier in the southern part. In order to get a better understanding of the complex damage distribution caused by this earth- quake, the dynamic rupture process was numerically simulated. Because of the dif- ferences between the observed features of the rupture process in the northern and southern parts of the fault, each part was modeled independently by using a 2D discrete element model (DEM). The principal results of the simulation show that the velocity ground motions in the northern part, in the frequency range of 0.5-2 Hz (natural frequency range of standard structures), are small near the surface break, thus, light structural damage might be predicted near the surface rupture. Moreover, in the northern part the fault rupture propagation reaches the surface with a very slow velocity (about 1.2 km/sec); however, in the southern part the rupture propa- gation reaches the surface with higher velocity (about 3.0 km/sec). These differences between the models could explain why the ground motion near the surface rupture in the northern part caused less damage in structures than the ground motion in the southern part.
The effects of concentrated feed level on the milk production and composition.

In this research, The effects of concentrated feed level on dry matter consumption of dairy cows, milk composition and some blood parametres were investigated. At the end of the experiment, it was found that increasing the level of concentrated feed (From 0.4 kg day to 0.5 kg day per kg milk) did not increase the milk production. However, this increase in concentrated feed level leaded to an increase in the level of milk protein (P<0.01).
Using Scent-Marking Stations to Collect Hair Samples to Monitor Eurasian Lynx Populations

Abstract Noninvasive sampling of mammalian hairs for surveying their populations and for providing density estimations is widely applicable in wildlife ecology and management. However, the efficiency of the method may differ depending on the species or local circumstances. We modified a method of hair trapping from free-ranging Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) to collect DNA samples to work in a low-density population. We constructed hair traps based on a device developed for Canada lynx and assessed their effectiveness in Białowieża Forest, Poland. We set 153 hair traps baited with beaver (Castor canadensis) castoreum and catnip oil at points previously used by lynx for scent-marking. We conducted the study in 2 consecutive winter and summer seasons during 2003–2004. Lynx rubbed 22–46% of the hair traps in 5 different trapping sessions. Lynx were more likely to rub hair traps set directly at scent-marking points on conspicuous marked objects than when they were set some distance (1–3 m) from the marked objects. Efficiency of hair-trapping sessions increased from 30.1 to 46.4% after selecting the most likely points. The percentage of traps visited and rubbed by lynx was higher in winter than summer in 2 consecutive years (30.1 vs. 22.2% and 46.4 vs. 23.3%, respectively), which may be related to mating behavior. This method proved efficient for monitoring low-density Eurasian lynx populations.
New insights into the geology of high-grade Caledonian marbles based on isotope chemostratigraphy

Despite abundant petrological and structural studies, as well as geological mapping, performed over several decades in the North-Central Norwegian Caledonides by both Norwegian and international research teams (Foslie 1946, 1949; Gustavson 1966, 1972, 1974a, 1974b; Bartley 1981; Boyd 1983; Boyd & Sovegjarto 1983; Boyd et al. 1986; Tull et al. 1985; Steltenpohl 1987; Steltenpohl & Bartley 1987; Steltenpohl et al. 1990; Tucker et al. 1990; Oliver & Krogh 1995; Andresen & Steltenpohl 1994; Coker et al. 1995; Northrup 1997), little research and detailed geological mapping has been done on marble formations in the Norwegian Caledonides. At the Geological Survey of Norway, a special project entitled ‘Carbonate formations of Norway: from basic research to industry’ has been launched to study depositional environments, metamorphism, stratigraphic correlation and ages of marble formations in selected regions of the Norwegian Caledonides. With the main goal of the project being to develop an exploration strategy for new marble deposits, a significant amount of basic research has been required in order to establish a reliable tectonostratigraphic base that aims at discriminating between the local and regional factors leading to the formation of carbonate deposits of different kinds. The Ofotenfjord area (Fig. 1) has been chosen as a first-priority target because of the presence there of a vast volume of marbles constituting part of the Uppermost Allochthon in that region. The main objectives of this contribution are (i) to illustrate the use of isotope stratigraphy for indirect dating, subdivision and correlation of high-grade marble sequences; and (ii) to demonstrate progress towards the production of a new generation of geological maps in highgrade metamorphic terranes, as based on detailed mapping combined with strontium and carbon isotope stratigraphy.
On the limitations of statistical absorption studies with the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys I–III

We investigate the limitations of statistical absorption measurements with the SDSS optical spectroscopic surveys. We show that changes in the data reduction strategy throughout different data releases have led to a better accuracy at long wavelengths, in particular for sky line subtraction, but a degradation at short wavelengths with the emergence of systematic spectral features with an amplitude of about one percent. We show that these features originate from inaccuracy in the fitting of modeled F-star spectra used for flux calibration. The best-fit models for those stars are found to systematically over-estimate the strength of metal lines and under-estimate that of Lithium. We also identify the existence of artifacts due to masking and interpolation procedures at the wavelengths of the hydrogen Balmer series leading to the existence of artificial Balmer $\alpha$ absorption in all SDSS optical spectra. All these effects occur in the rest-frame of the standard stars and therefore present Galactic longitude variations due to the rotation of the Galaxy. We demonstrate that the detection of certain weak absorption lines reported in the literature are solely due to calibration effects. Finally, we discuss new strategies to mitigate these issues.
Multiwavelength Study of the NGC 281 Region

We present a multiwavelength study of the NGC 281 complex which contains the young cluster IC 1590 at the center, using deep wide-field optical UBV Ic photometry, slitless spectroscopy along with archival data sets in the near-infrared (NIR) and X-ray. The extent of IC 1590 is estimated to be ∼6.5 pc. The cluster region shows a relatively small amount of differential reddening. The majority of the identified young stellar objects (YSOs) are low mass PMS stars having age < 1−2 Myr and mass 0.5-3.5 M⊙. The slope () of the mass function for IC 1590, in the mass range 2 < M/M⊙ ≤54, is found to be −1.11±0.15. The slope of the K-band luminosity function (0.37±0.07) is similar to the average value (∼0.4) reported for young clusters. The distribution of gas and dust obtained from the IRAS, CO and radio maps indicates clumpy structures around the central cluster. The radial distribution of the young stellar objects, their ages, �(H −K) NIR-excess, and the fraction of classical T Tauri stars suggest triggered star formation at the periphery of the cluster region. However, deeper optical, NIR and MIR observations are needed to have a conclusive view of star formation scenario in the region. The properties of the Class 0/I and Class II sources detected by using the Spitzer mid-infrared observations indicate that a majority of the Class II sources are X-ray emitting stars, whereas X-ray emission is absent from the Class 0/I sources. The spatial distribution of Class 0/I and Class II sources reveals the presence of three sub-clusters in the NGC 281 West region.