Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the in vivo myogenic status of chick somites by desmin expression in vitro

Expression of the muscle specific intermediate filament protein, desmin, is an early marker for chick somitic myogenesis. Somites are transient, paired, mesodermal structures adjacent to the neural tube which are formed very uniformly in a cranial to caudal fashion. The developmental somitic expression of desmin in vivo has been reported previously (Holtzer et al. [1991] “Frontiers in Muscle Research.” New York: Elsevier Science, pp 187–207; Borman and Yorde [1994] J. Histochem. Cytochem. 42:265–272). Here we explore the ability of those somitic cells which are desmin negative in vivo to successfully carry out a myogenic program of development in the absence of the surrounding embryonic microenvironment. Somites which are known to be overtly desmin negative in the embryo were explanted and cultured on collagen gels for 4 days. Immuno‐detection of desmin identified a population of somites that could support desmin positive cells in vitro as well as a population of somites that could not. The cranially located somites must remain in the embryo for a greater length of time than the caudally positioned somites prior to each being able to express desmin in vitro. In embryos of many ages there is also a population of somites unable to support desmin expression in vitro. The rate at which this ability to support somitic desmin expression in vitro progresses caudally in the embryo is significantly greater than the rate at which somites form. Notably, the detected expression of desmin in somites in vitro is parallel to the rate at which overt expression of desmin in vivo is detected. The implication for these observations with regard to the regulation of somitic myogenesis is discussed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Work Title Asymptotic F and t Tests in an Efficient GMM Setting Permalink

This paper considers two-step effi cient GMM estimation and inference where the weighting matrix and asymptotic variance matrix are based on the series long run variance estimator. We propose a simple and easy-to-implement modification to the trinity of test statistics in the two-step effi cient GMM setting and show that the modified test statistics are all asymptotically F distributed under the so-called fixed-smoothing asymptotics. The modification is multiplicative and involves the J statistic for testing over-identifying restrictions. This leads to convenient asymptotic F tests that use standard F critical values. Simulation shows that, in terms of both size and power, the asymptotic F tests perform as well as the nonstandard tests proposed recently by Sun (2014b) in finite samples. But the F tests are more appealing as the critical values are readily available from standard statistical tables. Compared to the conventional chi-square tests, the F tests are as powerful, but are much more accurate in size. JEL Classification: C12, C32
The rise and fall of axial highs during ridge jumps

[1] We simulate jumps of ocean spreading centers with axial high topography using elastoplastic thin plate flexure models. Processes considered include ridge abandonment, the breaking of a stressed plate on the ridge flank, and renewed spreading at the site of this break. We compare model results to topography at the East Pacific Rise between 15°25′N and 16°N, where there is strong evidence of a recent ridge jump. At an apparently abandoned ridge, gravity data do not suggest buoyant support of topography. Model deflections during cooling and melt solidification stages of ridge abandonment are of small vertical amplitude because of plate strengthening, resulting in the preservation of a “frozen” fossil high. The present-day high is bounded by slopes with up to a 40% grade, a scenario very difficult to achieve flexurally given generally accepted constraints on lithospheric strength. We model these slopes by assuming that the height at which magma is accreted increases rapidly after the ridge jumps. This increase is attributed to high overburden pressure on melt that resided in an initially deep magma chamber, followed by a rapid increase in temperature and melt supply to the region shortly after spreading began. The high is widest at the segment center, suggesting that magmatic activity began near the center of the segment, propagated south and then north. The mantle Bouguer anomaly exhibits a “bull's-eye” pattern centered at the widest part of the high, but the depth of the axis is nearly constant along the length of the segment. We reconcile these observations by assigning different cross-axis widths to a low-density zone within the crust.
The Effects of Sex, Joint Angle, and the Gastrocnemius Muscle on Passive Ankle Joint Complex Stiffness.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of sex, joint angle, and the gastrocnemius muscle on passive ankle joint complex stiffness (JCS). DESIGN AND SETTING: A repeated-measures design was employed using sex as a between-subjects factor and joint angle and inclusion of the gastrocnemius muscle as within-subject factors. All testing was conducted in a neuromuscular research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Twelve female and 12 male healthy, physically active subjects between the ages of 18 and 30 years volunteered for participation in this study. The dominant leg was used for testing. No subjects had a history of lower extremity musculoskeletal injury or circulatory or neurologic disorders. MEASUREMENTS: We determined passive ankle JCS by measuring resistance to passive dorsiflexion (5 degrees.s(-1)) from 23 degrees plantar flexion (PF) to 13 degrees dorsiflexion (DF). Angular position and torque data were collected from a dynamometer under 2 conditions designed to include or reduce the contribution of the gastrocnemius muscle. Separate fourth-order polynomial equations relating angular position and torque were constructed for each trial. Stiffness values (Nm.degree(-1)) were calculated at 10 degrees PF, neutral (NE), and 10 degrees DF using the slope of the line at each respective position. RESULTS: Significant condition-by-position and sex-by-position interactions and significant main effects for sex, position, and condition were revealed by a 3-way (sex-by-position, condition-by-position) analysis of variance. Post hoc analyses of the condition-by-position interaction revealed significantly higher stiffness values under the knee-straight condition compared with the knee-bent condition at both ankle NE and 10 degrees DF. Within each condition, stiffness values at each position were significantly higher as the ankle moved into DF. Post hoc analysis of the sex-by-position interaction revealed significantly higher stiffness values at 10 degrees DF in the male subjects. Post hoc analysis of the position main effect revealed that as the ankle moved into dorsiflexion, the stiffness at each position became significantly higher than at the previous position. CONCLUSIONS: The gastrocnemius contributes significantly to passive ankle JCS, thereby providing a scientific basis for clinicians incorporating stretching regimens into rehabilitation programs. Further research is warranted considering the cause and application of the sex-by-position interaction.
The timing of preventive services for women and children: the effect of having a usual source of care.

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the causal effect of having a usual source of medical care on the timing of preventive services by women and children. METHODS Data on 17,110 children and 23,488 women from the 1988 and 1990 National Health Interview Surveys were used to estimate ordered probit models of the effect of having a usual source of medical care on the time since the last receipt of each preventive service (routine checkups for children; blood pressure checks, Pap smears, and breast exams for adult women; mammograms for older women). Two-stage instrumental variables methods were used to eliminate simultaneity bias. RESULTS The existence of a usual source of medical care was strongly correlated with the earlier receipt of preventive services, and the relationship appears to be causal for Pap smears, breast exams, and mammograms. However, there was little evidence that having a regular provider caused an increased rate of routine checkups for children or blood pressure checks for adult women. CONCLUSIONS Delivery systems that encourage the development of long-term relationships with medical providers may increase cancer screening rates among women.
Palmitoylation of Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase at Cys-3 Is Required for Proper Intracellular Traffic and Nitric Oxide Synthesis*

A number of cell types express inducible nitric-oxide synthase (NOS2) in response to exogenous insults such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide or proinflammatory cytokines. Although it has been known for some time that the N-terminal end of NOS2 suffers a post-translational modification, its exact identification has remained elusive. Using radioactive fatty acids, we show herein that NOS2 becomes thioacylated at Cys-3 with palmitic acid. Site-directed mutagenesis of this single residue results in the absence of the radiolabel incorporation. Acylation of NOS2 is completely indispensable for intracellular sorting and ·NO synthesis. In fact, a C3S mutant of NOS2 is completely inactive and accumulates to intracellular membranes that almost totally co-localize with the Golgi marker β-cop. Likewise, low concentrations of the palmitoylation blocking agents 2-Br-palmitate or 8-Br-palmitate severely affected the ·NO synthesis of both NOS2 induced in muscular myotubes and transfected NOS2. However, unlike endothelial NOS, palmitoylation of inducible NOS is not involved in its targeting to caveolae. We have created 16 NOS2-GFP chimeras to inspect the effect of the neighboring residues of Cys-3 on the degree of palmitoylation. In this regard, the hydrophobic residue Pro-4 and the basic residue Lys-6 seem to be indispensable for palmitoylation. In addition, agents that block the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transit such as brefeldin A and monensin drastically reduced NOS2 activity leading to its accumulation in perinuclear areas. In summary, palmitoylation of NOS2 at Cys-3 is required for both its activity and proper intracellular localization.
Low-Noise and Wide-Dynamic-Range ROIC With a Self-Selected Capacitor for SWIR Focal Plane Arrays

This paper proposes a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) for short-wavelength infrared focal plane arrays, which adopts a self-selected capacitor technique to reduce ROIC noise and extend the dynamic range. The self-selected capacitor technique independently operates in each pixel. The proposed readout circuit was designed and fabricated using a 0.35-μm CMOS process. The noise measurement result of the fabricated ROIC was 43 e- and the dynamic range was 101 dB.
Online retailing, product classifications, and consumer preferences

Purpose – To investigate if consumer online patronage is influenced by product category and online store type.Design/methodology/approach – Building on the prior work in this area by the authors and other researchers the study collected data in two phases to investigate the study hypotheses.Findings – The study results suggest that consumers' online patronage is differed based on product type. Interaction effects of the online stores and product type were significant too. Additionally, the rank order of importance of the Internet attribute varied among the three types of online retailers.Research limitations/implications – The study results should be replicated in other markets. Future studies may also include a variety of different types of online outlets to improve the conclusiveness of the findings reported in this study.Practical implications – The results should be of interest to the online retailers in choosing the types of merchandise and services to emphasis in the retailers marketing program.Orig.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM NEOWISE: AN ENHANCEMENT TO THE WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY EXPLORER FOR SOLAR SYSTEM SCIENCE

The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) has surveyed the entire sky at four infrared wavelengths with greatly improved sensitivity and spatial resolution compared to its predecessors, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite and the Cosmic Background Explorer. NASA's Planetary Science Division has funded an enhancement to the WISE data processing system called “NEOWISE” that allows detection and archiving of moving objects found in the WISE data. NEOWISE has mined the WISE images for a wide array of small bodies in our solar system, including near-Earth objects (NEOs), Main Belt asteroids, comets, Trojans, and Centaurs. By the end of survey operations in 2011 February, NEOWISE identified over 157,000 asteroids, including more than 500 NEOs and ∼120 comets. The NEOWISE data set will enable a panoply of new scientific investigations.
Depressive symptoms and increased risk of stroke mortality over a 29-year period.

BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence indicate that depression is importantly associated with cardiovascular disease end points. However, little is known about the role of depression in stroke mortality. METHODS This study examined the association between depressive symptoms and stroke mortality in a prospective study of behavioral, social, and psychological factors related to health and mortality in a community sample of 6676 initially stroke-free adults (45.8% male; 79.1% white; mean age at baseline, 43.4 years) from Alameda County, California. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 18-item Human Population Laboratory Depression Scale. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the impact of depressive symptoms after controlling for age, sex, race, and other confounders. RESULTS A total of 169 stroke deaths occurred during 29 years of follow-up. Reporting 5 or more depressive symptoms at baseline was associated with increased risk of stroke mortality, after adjusting for age, sex, and race (hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.39; P<.006). This association remained significant after additional adjustments for education, alcohol consumption, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.22; P<.02). Time-dependent covariate models, which allowed changes in reported depressive symptoms and risk factor levels during follow-up, revealed the same pattern of associations. CONCLUSIONS This population-based study provides the strongest epidemiological evidence to date for a significant relationship between depressive symptoms and stroke mortality. These results contribute to the growing literature on the adverse health effects of depression.
The Home Bias, Capital Income Flows and Improved Long‐Term Consumption Risk Sharing between Industrialized Countries

Is financial globalization associated with improved international consumption risk sharing? We focus on the long-term (i.e. low frequency) comovement of consumption and output in answering this question. Theoretically, the impact of financial globalization should show up first and most robustly in the lower frequencies of the data. We show that this is the case empirically: by the end of our sample period (1960-2007) up to 40 percent of long-term idiosyncratic consumption risk get shared between industrialized countries – as compared to less than 10 percent before 1990. This dramatic increase is associated with a huge increase in international capital income flows: while capital income flows remain relatively limited as a channel of risk sharing at business cycle horizons, their contribution to international risk sharing at longer horizons has increased substantially. Much of this increase can be attributed to the growth in international asset positions over the recent globalization period.
Identitäten im Internet : Selbstdarstellung auf privaten Homepages

Eine Million private Websites gibt es allein in Deutschland. Nie zuvor bot ein Medium solche Chancen der Selbstdarstellung wie das Internet. Ob das Web tatsachlich der genuine Ort fur das Ausleben virtueller Identitaten darstellt wird in dieser Studie analysiert. Die Betreiber privater Webseiten werden zu ihren Motiven, Motivationen und zu der von ihnen prasentierten Identitat befragt um so zu ermitteln, wie Websites genutzt werden. Es zeigte sich dabei, dass das Netz nicht generell das Ausleben virtueller Identitatsentwurfe generiert, da die auf Homepages prasentierten Identitaten sich hauptsachlich als authentisch erwiesen.
Abortions in Sheep Due to Listeria ivanovii in the Kars Region

This report describes an outbreak of Listeria ivanovii-induced abortion in sheep in the Kars region. In a flock of 120 sheep raised in Taslidere, a village in the region of Arpacay, in Kars, some ewes in the last stages of gestation aborted in March, 2004. Necropsy was conducted on 5 aborted foetuses. Livers of the aborted foetuses showed diffuse necrotic foci. Histologically, the liver and lungs of aborted foetuses revealed diffuse coagulative necrosis infiltrated with macrophages and neutrophils. Bacterial culture from the liver and lungs of foetuses found pure growth of L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii.
Jun Turnover Is Controlled Through JNK-Dependent Phosphorylation of the E3 Ligase Itch

The turnover of Jun proteins, like that of other transcription factors, is regulated through ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Usually, such processes are regulated by extracellular stimuli through phosphorylation of the target protein, which allows recognition by F box–containing E3 ubiquitin ligases. In the case of c-Jun and JunB, we found that extracellular stimuli also modulate protein turnover by regulating the activity of an E3 ligase by means of its phosphorylation. Activation of the Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade after T cell stimulation accelerated degradation of c-Jun and JunB through phosphorylation-dependent activation of the E3 ligase Itch. This pathway modulates cytokine production by effector T cells.
Mitigation of Beat Noise in Time–Wavelength Optical Code-Division Multiple-Access Systems

This paper presents an analysis of two methods for enhancing the performance of two-dimensional time-wavelength Optical code-division multiple-access systems by mitigating the effects of beat noise. The first methodology makes use of an optical hard limiter (OHL) in the receiver prior to the optical correlator; a general formula for the error probability as a function of crosstalk level for systems adopting OHLs is given, and the implications of the OHL's nonideal transfer characteristics are then examined. The second approach adopts pulse position modulation, and system performance is estimated and compared to that associated with on-off keying
A comparison of two angular and two linear measurements used to establish sagittal apical base relationship.

Four methods of establishing the sagittal relationship of the maxillary and mandibular apical bases were compared using lateral skull radiographs of 42 children with Class I malocclusion. Correlation coefficients were computed between the ANB angle, the ‘Wits’ measurement, the AXD angle and the A-D' distance. The AXD angle and the A-D' distance. The AXD angle and the A-D' distance are recommended for use in determining sagittal apical base relationship.
Targeted Deletion of Integrin-Linked Kinase Reveals a Role in T-Cell Chemotaxis and Survival

ABSTRACT Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a serine/threonine kinase that is important in cell-matrix interactions and cell signaling. To examine the role of ILK in leukocyte trafficking and survival, we generated T cell-specific ILK knockouts by breeding ILKflox/flox mice to transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under control of the Lck proximal promoter. Thymic T cells from Lck-Cre+/ILKflox/flox mice had a marked reduction (>95%) in ILK protein levels. Thymic cellularity was comparable in 3- to 4-week-old mice, but a threefold diminution of thymic T cells became evident by 6 to 8 weeks of age in the T cell-specific ILK knockout mice due to increased cell death of double-positive (DP) T cells. Analysis of peripheral T cells by quantitative PCR and by breeding Lck-Cre+/ILKflox/flox mice to a YFP-transgenic reporter strain demonstrated an approximate 20-fold enrichment of ILK-competent cells, suggesting these cells have a competitive advantage in trafficking to and/or survival in peripheral lymphatic organs. We explored mechanisms related to altered cell trafficking and survival that might explain the decreases in thymic cellularity and enrichment for ILK-competent cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. We observed a >50% reduction in chemotaxis of ILK-deficient T cells to the chemokines CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor [SDF]-1α) and CCL19 (macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-3β), as well as enhanced apoptosis of ILK-deficient cells upon stress. Signaling studies in ILK-deficient T cells demonstrated diminished phosphorylation of Akt on the activating phosphorylation site, Ser 473, and a concordant decrease in Akt kinase activity following stimulation with the chemokine SDF-1. Rac1 activation was also markedly diminished in ILK-deficient T cells following chemokine stimulation. These data extend the role of ILK to immune-cell trafficking and survival via modulation of Akt- and Rac-dependent substrates, and have implications for cell recruitment in both homeostatic and pathological processes.
The way we are.

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Oral intensity: reducing non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia in care-dependent, neurologically impaired patients.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this point-of-care study was to test the efficacy of a prevention-based oral care protocol in reducing non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia in a neurosurgical population outside the critical care environment. The researchers hypothesized that an enhanced oral care protocol would decrease the incidence of pneumonia. METHODS This quasi-experimental, comparative study took place on an acute neurosurgical unit at a tertiary care trauma hospital in Western Canada. Subjects were non-intubated, care-dependent adults with a primary diagnosis of neurologic injury/insult, and at high risk for pneumonia. The prospective study group comprised 34 subjects; two subjects were excluded from the study analysis. The retrospective study group comprised 51 subjects. Data were collected for both groups for a six-month period. Retrospective data were collected through chart review. The prospective group were eligible neurosurgical patients who received the enhanced oral care protocol. Data collection tools were developed and diagnostic criteria for hospital-acquired pneumonia were determined. The pneumonia rates between subjects who received standard oral care (retrospective group) and those who received an enhanced, prevention-based, oral care protocol (prospective group) were compared. RESULTS A statistically significant decrease in the pneumonia rate occurred in the prospective group (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION An enhanced oral care protocol was beneficial in reducing the incidence of non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia. IMPLICATIONS Nurses play a vital role in preventing hospital-acquired pneumonia. Foundational nursing practices, such as regular oral hygiene, are important aspects of care in preventing nosocomial infections and related costs, optimizing health, and promoting quality care.