Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE COMPARISON OF THE MAIN PROTEIN SOURCES FOR DAIRY COWS. A REVIEW

YILDIZ, E. and N. TODOROV, 2014. The comparison of the main protein sources for dairy cows. A review. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 20: 428-446 Review of now-a-day knowledge was made for nutritive value and effect on milk yield and composition of the main protein sources – soybean meal (SBM), sunflower meal (SFM), rapeseed (canola) meal (RSM), and dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) – in diets of dairy cows. Independent of low lysine content of DDGS and RSM and some inconsistent data, there are many group production experiment with dairy cows showing equal or even higher milk and protein yield, compare to rations with SBM. There is limited number of published experiments to compare SFM with SBM, but in part of them there are not significant differences in milk production and composition, while in other trials SBM have advantage. In spite of significant differences in rumen degradability, intestinal digestibility of rumen undegadable protein, and amino acid composition of different protein sources in many trials milk and protein production is not corresponding to nutritive characteristics. Authors are mentioning several suggestions to explain discrepancies between theoretical requirement of cows for rumen undegradable protein and for lysine and experimental production results which are supported in some experiment, but scientific evidences are not enough so far. It is emphasized needs of further experiment to compare SFM with other protein sources, and to find biologically and economically optimal combination of different protein sources in ration of dairy cows, especially for region of Shout East Europe.
Tower Climbing Exercise Started 3 Months After Ovariectomy Recovers Bone Strength of the Femur and Lumbar Vertebrae in Aged Osteopenic Rats

To determine both the preventive and recovery effects of tower climbing exercise on mass, strength, and local turnover of bone in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, we carried out two experiments. In experiment I, 60 Sprague‐Dawley rats, 12 months of age, were assigned to four groups: a Baseline Control, Sham‐Operated Sedentary, OVX‐Sedentary and OVX‐Exercise rats. Rats voluntarily climbed a 200‐cm tower to drink water from a bottle set at the top. At 3 months, OVX elevated both the femoral cortex and lumbar trabecular turnover, leading to a reduction in bone mass and strength. However, in OVX‐Exercise rats, those values were maintained at the same level as in the Sham‐Sedentary rats. Thus, the climbing exercise, started after 3 days of OVX, prevented OVX‐induced cortical and trabecular bone loss by depressing turnover elevation. After confirming the preventive effect, we evaluated the recovery effect of exercise. In experiment II, 90 Sprague‐Dawley rats, 12 months of age, were assigned to six groups: a Baseline control, two groups of Sham‐Operated Sedentary and OVX‐Sedentary, and OVX‐Exercise rats. The exercise started 3 months after the OVX operation. At 3 months, OVX increased the trabecular bone formation rate and osteoclast surface, leading to a decrease in compressive strength. In the midfemur, the cross‐sectional area, moment of inertia, and bending load values decreased. At 6 months, in the OVX‐Exercise rats, the parameters of breaking load in both the lumbar and midfemur, lumbar bone mass, and the total cross‐sectional area recovered to the same levels as those in the Sham‐Sedentary rats. However, the cortical bone area did not recover. Periosteal bone formation increased, while endosteal bone formation decreased. These results showed that the climbing exercise had both a preventive and recovery effect on bone strength in OVX rats. In the mid‐femur, effects on bone formation were site‐specific, and the cross‐sectional morphology was improved without an increase in cortical bone area, supporting cortical drift by mechanical stimulation.
Evidence of Olfactory Deficits as Part of the Phenotypic Spectrum of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefting

AbstractImproved understanding of the phenotypic spectrum associated with nonsyndromic orofacial clefting (OFC) has the potential to inform efforts to uncover the etiology of this complex trait. Prior studies report that individuals with OFC are characterized by impaired olfactory ability. In this study, we test whether olfactory dysfunction extends to the unaffected parents of children with OFC. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test was used to measure olfactory ability in a sample of 60 unaffected mothers and fathers with cleft-affected children. The proportion of deficit was compared with reference data obtained from published sex- and age-specific norms on more than 2700 individuals. The proportion of deficit was significantly higher in unaffected parents compared with baseline control subjects (41.7% vs 12.6%; P < 0.001). Of unaffected fathers, 41.7% displayed evidence of deficit compared with 15.1% of male control subjects (P = 0.001), whereas 41.7% of mothers exhibited deficits compared with 10.4% of female control subjects (P < 0.001). Olfactory deficits are present at a high proportion in the unaffected parents of individuals with OFC. This suggests that the deficits observed in affected cases may not simply be a secondary consequence of surgical repair and may instead be an informative phenotype reflecting underlying etiology.
Angiolipoma of the Female Breast: Clinicomorphological Correlation of 52 Cases

The authors analyzed 52 cases of female breast angiolipoma (AL). Age distribution was 25 to 80 years of age (56.81 ± 12.78). Most cases showed vascularity below 50%, and 14 cases had vascularity >50%. Cellular and low-vascularity ALs had different clinical and radiological presentations. The mean size was 7.00 ± 3.62 mm for cellular ALs and 19.61 ± 7.58 mm for low-vascularity ALs. In any paucicellular area, the authors could identify a cluster of at least 3 interconnected vessels. The endothelium was mostly flat with uniform, hyperchromatic nuclei, and mitoses and nucleoli were absent. Fibrin thrombi in proliferating capillaries were noted in 96% of cases. Low-vascularity AL can be reliably distinguished on needle core biopsy from other lipomatous and vascular tumors of the breast. Tortuosity and proliferation of capillaries with at least 3 interconnected capillary channels in 1 focus with associated fibrin thrombi constitute a very strong clue for the diagnosis of AL on a breast needle core biopsy. Definite diagnosis of cellular AL is not always feasible because of rare cases with mitotic activity and cellular atypia. Excision is often recommended for cellular AL.
Five-Year Results of Implants Inserted Into Freeze-Dried Block Allografts

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome after 5 years of allografts as bone growth material and success of implants inserted in fresh-frozen allograft bone. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients were operated and 41 onlay block freeze-dried allografts (calvarial and iliac crest) were inserted for bone augmentation. A total of 64 dental implants were performed in a two-stage procedure. Four patients had total edentulism and 16 had partial edentulism. Results: A total of 41 onlay block allografts were used to augment atrophic maxillae and mandibles in 20 patients. In five cases, there were horizontal and vertical augmentations. Exposure of bone allograft occurred in three cases during the first 6 weeks; all of them located in the posterior area. There were no postoperative effects in any of the cases. Fracture was observed in one case, the remaining bone was adequate to place the implants. Sixty-two dental implants were placed at second stage surgery. There was no loss of implants. Conclusions: The use of fresh-frozen allogenic bone blocks can be considered as being reliable for reconstruction of maxillomandibular defects.
Molecular genetic analysis of a locus required for resistance to antimicrobial peptides in Salmonella typhimurium.

The innate immunity of vertebrates and invertebrates to microbial infection is mediated in part by small cationic peptides with antimicrobial activity. Successful pathogens have evolved mechanisms to withstand the antibiotic activity of these molecules. We have isolated a set of genes from Salmonella typhimurium which are required for virulence and resistance to the antimicrobial peptides melittin and protamine. Sequence analysis of a 5.7 kb segment from the wild‐type plasmid conferring resistance to protamine contained five open reading frames: sapA, sapB, sapC, sapD and sapF, organized in an operon structure and transcribed as a 5.3 kb mRNA. SapD and SapF exhibited similarity with the ‘ATP binding cassette’ family of transporters including the bacterial Opp and SpoOK, involved in the uptake of oligopeptides; the yeast STE6, necessary for the export of a peptide pheromone; and the mammalian mdr, which mediates resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells. SapA showed identity with other periplasmic solute binding proteins involved in peptide transport. The SapABCDF system constitutes a novel transporter for enteric bacteria and the first one harboring a periplasmic component with a role in virulence.
An introduction to cobordism

Cobordism theory is the study of manifolds modulo the cobordism relation: two manifolds are considered the same if their disjoint union is the boundary of another manifold. This may seem like a strange thing to study, but there appears to be (at least) two good reasons why one may want to take a look at such a thing. The first reason has to do with the homology of manifolds. One can imagine trying to setup a homology theory of manifolds by looking at chains built from embedded submanifolds. Because the boundary of a boundary of a manifold is empty, this gives a differential chain complex. To compute the homology of a manifold, one would then form the usual quotient ker ∂/im ∂. In order to see if two cycles are equal, one would need to know if their difference (which can be thought of as being some form of disjoint union) is the image of ∂, i.e., a boundary of another embedded manifold. This is precisely the question that cobordism theory answers. The second reason is a little more vague, but perhaps just as important. There is no hope of classifying manifolds up to homeomorphism — a well known result of A. Markov tells us that producing an algorithm that classifies compact connected 4-manifolds up to homeomorphism is equivalent to producing an algorithm that solves the classification problem for finitely-presented groups, a problem for which no such algorithm can exist. So we have to set our sights a little lower. Classifying manifolds up to cobordism might then seem like a reasonable thing to try to do. The notion of cobordism goes back to Poincaré, but the method that allows us to successfully study it is more recent: Pontrjagin noticed that the study of cobordism for framed manifolds is related to the study of certain homotopy groups; Thom generalized this approach and successfully completed the computation of the unoriented cobordism groups. Thom’s method was then used by other people to compute other cobordism groups. The method used by Thom to study unoriented cobordism consists of two steps. The problem is first reduced to a homotopy problem — the cobordism groups in question are shown to be related to the homotopy groups of a certain space, called the Thom space. These homotopy groups are then computed by whatever means it seems appropriate to use. This basic pattern is followed
Foursquare and the parochialization of public space

The mobile social network Foursquare has gained popularity in the last few years among both users and businesses. This article explores how the use of Foursquare changes and impacts people’s sense of place. Drawing on the work of Lofland (1998) on the social production of space, we argue that as new socio–spatial information ( i.e. , who checks in where) is introduced via the mobile social network, it can change the way people experience a place. Based on qualitative in–depth interviews with active Foursquare users, we explore person–to–person and person–to–place connections and argue that Foursquare promotes parochialization of public space.
Optical coherence tomography angiography of myopic choroidal neovascularisation

Background/aims To describe the morphological features of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) and to report the ability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) to detect the presence of myopic CNV by means of this new technique. Methods Myopic CNV cases were individuated from a pool of patients with pathological myopia consecutively presenting between October 2015 and March 2016. OCT-A images were assessed for classification of morphological features, and to estimate sensitivity and specificity. Results Thirty-six eyes of 28 consecutive patients with myopic CNV were included. In 4 out of 36 eyes it was not possible to classify the CNV ‘shape’, ‘core’, ‘margin’ and ‘appearance’ because the vascular network was not clearly visualised due to the poor quality of the examination. CNV shape on OCT-A was rated as circular in 9 eyes and irregular in 23 eyes. CNV core was visible in 11 eyes. CNV margin was considered as well defined in 16 eyes and poorly defined in 16 eyes. CNV appearance showed an ‘interlacing’ aspect in 16 eyes and a ‘tangled’ aspect in the other 16 eyes. A total of 11 CNVs were defined as active, 9 of which (81.8%) were interlacing, while a total of 21 were inactive, 14 of which (66.7%) were tangled. OCT-A sensitivity turned out to be 90.48% and specificity was 93.75%. Conclusions We describe the OCT-A features of myopic CNV secondary to pathological myopia and demonstrate its high sensitivity and specificity for neovascular detection. Qualitative evaluation of OCT-A characteristics may allow one to recognise different patterns, possibly corresponding to different degrees of neovascular activity.
Seroprevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Type 6, 11, 16, 18, by Anatomic Site of HPV Infection, in Women Aged 16-64 Years living in the Metropolitan Area of San Juan, Puerto Rico.

OBJECTIVE It is unknown if human papillomavirus (HPV) serum antibody responses vary by anatomic site of infection. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence for HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 in association with HPV DNA detection in different anatomic sites among women. METHODS This cross sectional population-based study analyzed data from 524 women aged 16-64 years living in the San Juan metropolitan area of Puerto Rico (PR). Questionnaires were used to assess demographic and lifestyle variables, while anogenital and blood samples were collected for HPV analysis. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted prevalence odds ratio (POR) in order to determine the association between HPV DNA infection status in the cervix and anus and serum antibody status, controlling for different potential confounders. RESULTS Overall, 46.9% of women had detectable antibodies to one or more types whereas 8.7% had HPV DNA for one or more of these types detected in cervix (4.0%) or anus (6.5%). Women with cervical HPV detection tended to be more HPV seropositive than women without cervical detection (adjusted POR (95%CI): 2.41 (0.90, 6.47), p=0.078); however the type-specific association between cervical DNA and serum antibodies was only significant for HPV 18 (adjusted POR (95% CI): 5.9 (1.03, 33.98)). No significant association was detected between anal HPV and seropositivity (p>0.10). CONCLUSION Differences in the anatomic site of infection could influence seroconversion, however, longitudinal studies will be required for further evaluation. This information will be instrumental in advancing knowledge of immune mechanisms involved in anatomic site response.
Interference Aware Routing Protocols over Ad Hoc UWB Networks

UWB technology is considered as the best way to implement high speed WPAN with low costs and good commercial reliability. All the standards concerning the UWB address the problems that regard the PHY and the MAC layers of the ISO/OSI stack, while actually there is not enough work about the development of the Network layer of the UWB systems. Common routing protocols used in the ad-hoc networks, like the AODV, do not take into account "inter-node" interference, for this purpose in this work new routing metrics are proposed for the implementation of interference-aware routing protocols. These new proposed metrics are finally compared with the AODV protocol in order to proof the better efficiency of our proposal.
Influenza virus Infects Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Vitro: Implications for Bone Marrow Transplantation

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have differentiation, immunomodulatory, and self-renewal properties and are, therefore, an attractive tool for regenerative medicine and autoimmune diseases. MSCs may be of great value to treat graft-versus-host disease. Influenza virus causes highly contagious seasonal infection and occasional pandemics. The infection is severe in children, elderly, and immunocompromised hosts including hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. The objective of this study was to determine if MSCs are permissive to influenza virus replication. We isolated MSCs from the bone marrow of 4- to 6-week-old germ-free pigs. Swine and human influenza virus strains were used to infect MSCs in vitro. MSCs expressed known influenza virus α-2,3 and α-2,6 sialic acid receptors and supported replication of swine and human influenza viruses. Viral infection of MSCs resulted in cell lysis and proinflammatory cytokine production. These findings demonstrate that bone marrow-derived MSCs are susceptible to influenza virus. The data also suggest that transplantation of bone marrow MSCs from influenza virus-infected donors may transmit infection to recipients. Also, MSCs may get infected if infused into a patient with an ongoing influenza virus infection.
Análise empírica da reação do mercado de capitais brasileiro aos anúncios de fusões e aquisições ocorridos entre 1994 e 2001

Partindo-se da premissa de que o mercado incorpora rapidamente toda informacao relevante e que ele e o melhor avaliador do resultado de uma combinacao entre empresas, analisou-se neste artigo o retorno anormal de acoes quando da divulgacao de processos de fusoes e aquisicoes, visando testar empiricamente a hipotese da criacao de valor para os acionistas e a hipotese da eficiencia de mercado em sua forma semiforte. Foram analisados 32 processos de fusoes e aquisicoes ocorridos entre 1994 e 2001 no mercado de capitais brasileiro. Utilizou-se a metodologia de estudo de evento, cujo calculo dos retornos anormais foi efetuado pelo modelo de retornos ajustados ao mercado na forma logaritmica. Conclui-se que tais processos nao proporcionaram, de maneira geral, retornos anormais para seus acionistas, ou seja, nao resultaram na criacao de valor para esses ultimos, rejeitando-se assim a primeira hipotese; e que o mercado se comportou de maneira eficiente, no que se refere a forma semiforte. Alem disso, foram encontrados indicios de que o mercado reage de maneira negativa na precificacao das acoes de empresas adquirentes e adquiridas e de maneira positiva para as acoes de empresas fusionadas.
Title Chemopreventive effect of PSP through targeting of prostatecancer stem cell-like population

Recent evidence suggested that prostate cancer stem/progenitor cells (CSC) are responsible for cancer initiation as well as disease progression. Unfortunately, conventional therapies are only effective in targeting the more differentiated cancer cells and spare the CSCs. Here, we report that PSP, an active component extracted from the mushroom Turkey tail (also known as Coriolus versicolor), is effective in targeting prostate CSCs. We found that treatment of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 with PSP led to the down-regulation of CSC markers (CD133 and CD44) in a time and dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, PSP treatment not only suppressed the ability of PC-3 cells to form prostaspheres under non-adherent culture conditions, but also inhibited their tumorigenicity in vivo, further proving that PSP can suppress prostate CSC properties. To investigate if the anti-CSC effect of PSP may lead to prostate cancer chemoprevention, transgenic mice (TgMAP) that spontaneously develop prostate tumors were orally fed with PSP for 20 weeks. Whereas 100% of the mice that fed with water only developed prostate tumors at the end of experiment, no tumors could be found in any of the mice fed with PSP, suggesting that PSP treatment can completely inhibit prostate tumor formation. Our results not only demonstrated the intriguing anti-CSC effect of PSP, but also revealed, for the first time, the surprising chemopreventive property of oral PSP consumption against prostate cancer. Citation: Luk S-U, Lee TK-W, Liu J, Lee DT-W, Chiu Y-T, et al. (2011) Chemopreventive Effect of PSP Through Targeting of Prostate Cancer Stem Cell-Like Population. PLoS ONE 6(5): e19804. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0019804 Editor: Kelvin Yuen Kwong Chan, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hospital Authority, China Received December 23, 2010; Accepted April 16, 2011; Published May 16, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Luk et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Vice Chancellor Research Fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: mingtat.ling@qut.edu. au . These authors contributed equally to this work.
[Validation of the Spanish version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form. A questionnaire for assessing the urinary incontinence].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A big proportion (40-70%) of patients with urinary incontinence (UI) do not ask for medical advice. Self-administered questionnaires may help in detecting UI. The objective of the present study was to validate the Spanish version of the questionnaire ICIQ-SF. PATIENTS AND METHOD 500 women who consulted at a UI-specialized unit responded to the questionnaire. A urodynamic study was carried out and sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Feasibility, validity and reliability were assessed. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of the clinical and urodynamic study were also calculated. RESULTS The mean time of administration was 3.5 (1.5) minutes. All patients answered all the items of the ICIQ-SF. According to the clinical diagnosis, patients with UI scored 11.6 (5.9) and patients without UI scored 4.5 (6.3) (p < 0.001). According to the urodynamic diagnosis, UI patients scored 11.1 (6.3) vs 6.2 (6.5) (p < 0.001). In patients with an urodynamic diagnosis of stress UI, a higher severity degree was associated with a higher score on the ICIQ-SF. The values of Se, Sp, PPV and NPV were 92.1%, 55.6%, 88.3% and 65.9%, respectively, regarding clinical diagnosis, and 87.7%, 40.8%, 85.1% and 46.2%, respectively, regarding the urodynamic study. CONCLUSIONS This is the first questionnaire designed for diagnosing UI validated in Spain. The psychometric properties of the ICIQ-SF are satisfactory and allow to recommend the use of the questionnaire in the clinical practice.
Altered Bile Acid Physiology during Lactation in the Rat 1

Abstract There is evidence that the rate of bile acid secretion increases significantly during lactation in the rat. We show that this increase in secretion rate is accompanied by an expanded bile acid pool and that occasioning the enhancement of both pool size and secretion is an increase in bile acid synthesis. The hypothesis is advanced that maternal prolactin, promoted by suckling young, amplifies cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis, and perhaps HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterogenesis.