Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASN.1 Communication Between Heterogeneous Systems

I Introduction and History of the Notation 1 Prologue 2 Utilitarian Introduction to ASN.1 3 ASN.1 and the OSI Reference Model 4 Your First Steps with ASN.1 5 Basics of ASN.1 6 History 7 Protocols Specified in ASN.1 II User's Guide and Reference Manual 8 Introduction to the Reference Manual 9 Modules and Assignments 10 Basic Types 11 Character String Types 12 Constructed Types, Tagging, Extensibility Rules 13 Subtype Constraints 14 Presentation Context Switching Types 15 Information Object Classes, Objects, and Object Sets 16 Enough To Read Macros 17 Parameterization III Encoding Rules and Transfer Syntaxes 18 Basic Encoding Rules (BER) 19 Canonical and Distinguished Encoding Rules (CER and DER) 20 Packed Encoding Rules (PER) 21 Other Encoding Rules IV ASN.1 Applications 22 Tools 23 ASN.1 and the Formal Languages SDL, TTCN, GDMO 24 Other Abstract Syntax Notations 25 Epilogue V Appendices A Encoding/Decoding Simulations B Combined Use of ASN.1 and SDL
"They might not like you but everyone knows you": Popularity among teenage girls

There is a wealth of research on popularity among adolescents, mainly conducted in the United States. This study utilised a stimulus vignette and semi-structured focus group interviews to investigate teenage girlsâ€™ (15 year olds, n = 40) constructions of popularity in two schools of diverse socio-economic background in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. An intensive thematic analysis revealed that the girls perceived popular same-sex peers to be publicly visible, prominent and prestigious and not necessarily well liked. In both schools, popular girls were seen to be physically and fashionably attractive and from wealthier backgrounds. Popular girls projected an image of being anti-school and antisocial rule breakers including smoking, drinking and taking drugs, more-so in the low income school. High status girls were seen as powerful and influential and they used their power in intimidating and aggressive ways including verbal harassment of peers, spreading of mean rumours and manipulation of friendships.
Interfacial Debonding Detection for Rectangular CFST Using the MASW Method and Its Physical Mechanism Analysis at the Meso-Level

In this study, the transient multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) is proposed to detect the existence, the location and the length of interface debonding defects in rectangular concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST). Mesoscale numerical analysis is performed to validate the feasibility of MASW-based interfacial debonding detection. Research findings indicate that the coaxial characteristics in the Rayleigh wave disperse at the starting point of the debonding area and gradually restores at the end of the defect. For healthy specimens, the surface wave mode in CFST is closer to the Rayleigh wave. However, it can be treated as a Lamb wave since the steel plate is boundary-free on both sides in the debonding area. The displacement curves are further investigated with forward analysis to obtain the dispersion curves. The mesoscale numerical simulation results indicate that the propagation characteristic of the surface wave is dominated by the debonding defect. The detectability of interfacial debonding detection for rectangular CFST using the MASW approach is numerically verified in this study. The proposed MASW-based nondestructive testing technique can achieve bond-slip detection by comparing the variation trend of the coaxial characteristics in the time-history output signals and the dispersion curves obtained from the forward analysis, for avoiding misjudgment of the experimental observations.
Effects of Exercise in Addition to a Family-Based Lifestyle Intervention Program on Hepatic Fat in Children With Overweight

OBJECTIVE Pediatric hepatic steatosis is highly prevalent and closely related to type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine whether the addition of supervised exercise to a family-based lifestyle and psycho-educational intervention results in greater reduction of percentage of hepatic fat (HF), adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children with overweight/obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study subjects of this nonrandomized, two-arm, parallel design clinical trial were 116 overweight/obese children (10.6 ± 1.1 years of age, 53.4% girls) living in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain). For 22 weeks, they followed either a lifestyle and psycho-education program (control intervention [CInt], N = 57), consisting of two family-based education sessions/month, or the same plus supervised exercise (intensive intervention [II], N = 59) focused mainly on high-intensity aerobic workouts (3 sessions/week, 90 min/session). The primary outcome was the change in percentage of HF (as measured by MRI) between baseline and the end of the intervention period. Secondary outcomes included changes in BMI, fat mass index (FMI), abdominal fat (measured by DEXA), blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, γ-glutamyl transferase, glucose, and insulin concentrations. RESULTS A total of 102 children completed the trial (N = 53 and N = 49 in the CInt and II groups, respectively). Percentage of HF decreased only in the II group (−1.20 ± 0.31% vs. 0.04 ± 0.30%, II and CInt groups, respectively), regardless of baseline value and any change in adiposity (P < 0.01). BMI, FMI, abdominal fat (P ≤ 0.001), and insulin (P < 0.05) were reduced in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Multicomponent intervention programs that include exercise training may help to reduce adiposity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in overweight/obese children.
Genetic and Environmental Predictors of Adolescent PTSD Symptom Trajectories Following a Natural Disaster

Genes, environmental factors, and their interplay affect posttrauma symptoms. Although environmental predictors of the longitudinal course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are documented, there remains a need to incorporate genetic risk into these models, especially in youth who are underrepresented in genetic studies. In an epidemiologic sample tornado-exposed adolescents (n = 707, 51% female, Mage = 14.54 years), trajectories of PTSD symptoms were examined at baseline and at 4-months and 12-months following baseline. This study aimed to determine if rare genetic variation in genes previously found in the sample to be related to PTSD diagnosis at baseline (MPHOSPH9, LGALS13, SLC2A2), environmental factors (disaster severity, social support), or their interplay were associated with symptom trajectories. A series of mixed effects models were conducted. Symptoms decreased over the three time points. Elevated tornado severity was associated with elevated baseline symptoms. Elevated recreational support was associated with lower baseline symptoms and attenuated improvement over time. Greater LGLAS13 variants attenuated symptom improvement over time. An interaction between MPHOSPH9 variants and tornado severity was associated with elevated baseline symptoms, but not change over time. Findings suggest the importance of rare genetic variation and environmental factors on the longitudinal course of PTSD symptoms following natural disaster trauma exposure.
Robust Online Sequential RVFLNs for Data Modeling of Dynamic Time-Varying Systems With Application of an Ironmaking Blast Furnace

By dealing with robust modeling and online learning together in a unified random vector functional-link networks (RVFLNs) framework, this paper presents a novel robust online sequential RVFLNs for data modeling of dynamic time-varying systems together with its application for a blast furnace (BF) ironmaking process. First, to overcome the difficulties caused by the nonlinear time-varying dynamics of process and to enable the RVFLNs to learn online and to avoid data saturation, an improved online sequential version of RVFLNs (OS-RVFLNs) is presented by sequential learning with forgetting factor. It has been shown that the improved OS-RVFLNs with forgetting factor is not only suitable for the large-scale and real-time data transfer situation but also can adjust the sensitivity of the algorithm to different samples. Second, in order to solve the issue of modeling robustness when the dataset is contaminated with various outliers, a Cauchy distribution function weighted M-estimator is introduced to strengthen the robustness of the improved OS-RVFLNs. The non-Gaussian Cauchy distribution function is used to estimate the weights of different data and thus the corresponding contribution on modeling can be properly distinguished. Experiments using actual industrial data of a large BF ironmaking process have demonstrated that the proposed algorithm produces a much stronger robustness and better estimation accuracy than other algorithms.
Integrated multiomic analysis reveals comprehensive tumour heterogeneity and novel immunophenotypic classification in hepatocellular carcinomas

Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is heterogeneous, especially in multifocal tumours, which decreases the efficacy of clinical treatments. Understanding tumour heterogeneity is critical when developing novel treatment strategies. However, a comprehensive investigation of tumour heterogeneity in HCC is lacking, and the available evidence regarding tumour heterogeneity has not led to improvements in clinical practice. Design We harvested 42 samples from eight HCC patients and evaluated tumour heterogeneity using whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, mass spectrometry-based proteomics and metabolomics, cytometry by time-of-flight, and single-cell analysis. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reactions were performed to confirm the expression levels of genes. Three independent cohorts were further used to validate the findings. Results Tumour heterogeneity is considerable with regard to the genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes of lesions and tumours. The immune status of the HCC microenvironment was relatively less heterogenous. Targeting local immunity could be a suitable intervention with balanced precision and practicability. By clustering immune cells in the HCC microenvironment, we identified three distinctive HCC subtypes with immunocompetent, immunodeficient, and immunosuppressive features. We further revealed the specific metabolic features and cytokine/chemokine expression levels of the different subtypes. Determining the expression levels of CD45 and Foxp3 using immunohistochemistry facilitated the correct classification of HCC patients and the prediction of their prognosis. Conclusion There is comprehensive intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity in all dimensions of HCC. Based on the results, we propose a novel immunophenotypic classification of HCCs that facilitates prognostic prediction and may support decision making with regard to the choice of therapy.
Multicomponent Exercise on Physical Function, Cognition and Hemodynamic Parameters of Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Quasi-Experimental Study

This paper reports on a quasi-experimental study that aimed to identify changes in muscle function (i.e., mobility, maximal walking speed, lower limb muscle strength, balance, and transfer capacity), cognition (i.e., executive function) and hemodynamic parameters of community-dwelling Brazilian older adults during a six-month multicomponent exercise program (MCEP). A total of 436 community-dwelling older adults performed functional, cognitive and hemodynamic assessments before and after a six-month MCEP. The program of exercise was performed twice a week over 26 weeks at moderate intensity. Results indicate that balance, mobility (i.e., usual and maximal walking speeds) and transfer capacity (p < 0.05) were significantly improved after the MCEP. Moreover, all hemodynamic parameters (i.e., systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures), except for heart rate (p > 0.05), were significantly reduced after the intervention. The current findings indicate that a six-month MCEP may provide physical and hemodynamic benefits in community-dwelling older adults. Nevertheless, our findings need to be confirmed in larger samples and better designed studies.
Association of HLA-DQ and IFNL4 polymorphisms with susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection and clearance.

BACKGROUND AND AIM Leukocyte antigen DQ (HLA-DQ) and interferon-λ4 (IFNL4) gene polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection. This study further confirmed that variants of these genes were associated with susceptibility and spontaneous clearance of HBV infection in a Chinese population. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1,069 subjects were recruited and divided into three groups i.e. 397 with CLD (HBV-related chronic liver disease), 434 with SC (spontaneous clearance), and 238 HC (healthy controls). HLA-DQrs9275319 and IFNL4rs368234815, rs12971396, rs12979860, and rs8099917SNPs were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY MALDI-TOF system. RESULTS HLA-DQ rs9275319 showed a significant association with HBV infection (allele model, OR, 0.514; 95% CI, 0.359-0.738, adjusted p = 0.0003) and with natural clearance (allele model, OR, 1.659; 95% CI, 1.197-2.300, adjusted. However, there was no association between IFNL4 polymorphism and HBV susceptibility or natural clearance (all p > 0.05). The multjfactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) test with permutation correction showed that a three-way interaction between IFNL4 and HLA-DQ SNPs was identified for HBV susceptibility (permutation p = 0.009 for the best factor model) and clearance (permutation p = 0.014 for the best factor model). CONCLUSIONS The data from the current study provided additional evidence for an SNP-SNP interaction between HLA-DQ and IFNL4 in regulation to HBV infection and natural clearance.
Clutter Filter Wave Imaging

The elastic properties of human tissue can be evaluated through the study of mechanical wave propagation captured using high frame rate ultrasound imaging. Methods such as block-matching or phase-based motion estimation have been used to estimate the displacement induced by the mechanical waves. In this paper, a new method for detecting mechanical wave propagation without motion estimation is presented, where the motion of interest is accentuated by an appropriate clutter filter. Thus, the mechanical wave propagation will directly appear as bands of the attenuated signal moving in the B-mode sequence and corresponding anatomical M-mode images. While only the locality of tissue velocity induced by the mechanical wave is detected, it is shown that the method is more sensitive to subtle tissue displacements when compared to motion estimation techniques. The technique was evaluated for the propagation of the pulse wave in a carotid artery, mechanical waves on the left ventricle, and shear waves induced by radiation force on a tissue-mimicking phantom. The results were compared to tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and demonstrated that clutter filter wave imaging (CFWI) was able to detect the mechanical wave propagating in tissue with a relative temporal and spatial resolution 30% higher and a relative consistency 40% higher than TDI. The results showed that CFWI was able to detect mechanical waves with a relative frequency content 40% higher than TDI in a shear wave imaging experiment.
Misperception of the subjective visual vertical in neurological patients with or without stroke: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND The interpretation of the verticality of the environment is crucial for a proper body balance. The subjective visual vertical test (SVV) is a widely used method to determine the visual perception of the verticality, whose alteration has been related with poor functional status. OBJECTIVE To analyze the visual perception of the verticality in neurological patients in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Scielo from the start of the databases until October 2017 and manually searched the reference lists of studies comparing SVV values between neurological patients and controls. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and subgroup analysis were used to analyze differences between neurological patients and healthy subjects and between stroke and non-stroke patients, respectively. RESULTS A total of 1,916 subjects from 31 studies were included. Neurological patients misestimate the true vertical in comparison with controls (SMD = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.28). The misperception of the verticality was higher in stroke patients (SMD = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.68) than in patients with other neurological conditions (SMD = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.68). CONCLUSIONS Neurological patients showed a misperception of the verticality, estimated using the SVV. The neurological pathology that most alters the SVV is stroke.
Pulse-width Modulation Technique for Generation of Multiple Analog Voltages for On-chip Calibration

A technique based on pulse-width modulation for generating multiple analog voltages on-chip is presented. This technique is specially helpful for the calibration of voltage-to-time converters, which are becoming increasingly popular to implement analog-to-digital converters in the deep sub-micron processes. A clock signal of duty cycle 25% is demonstrated to act as proxy for an analog voltage of about 145 mV for the purpose of calibrating a voltage-to-time converter followed by a time-to-digital converter. Further, by simply changing the duty cycle of the clock to 50%, it can act as proxy for about 300 mV and 75% for about 380 mV.
A Numerical Study of Two Measures of Delay for Network Routing.

Abstract : This work presents computational results relating to the solution of convex multicommodity network flow problems by using an algorithm developed by D. P. Bertsekas from the ideas of Gallagher's method for distributed optimization of delay in data communication networks and gradient projection ideas from nonlinear programming. This algorithm is described and results are given for two measures of 'delay' in the network. In the first case, the formula for delay was based on the expression for queuing delay in M/M/1 queues suggested by Kleinrock. Here several versions of the algorithm (including with and without line search) are discussed. In the second case, the algorithm is applied to the dual problem in an approximation scheme based on a method of multipliers with exponential penalty function due to Kort and Bertsekas. Here the measure of delay being minimized is the largest link utilization in the network. Finally the two measures of delay are compared. In the examples we find that a fairly good solution to each of the problems may be found near the optimal point for the other problem.
Investigations in computer-aided design for numerically controlled production

Abstract : This report summarizes the development of a generalized 'system of software systems' for generating specialized problem-solving systems using high-level language techniques and advanced computer graphics. Known as the AED Approach (for Automated Engineering Design) the Project results as applicable not only to mechanical design, as an extension of earlier development of the APT System for numerical control, but to arbitrary scientific, engineering, management, and production system problems as well. Advanced techniques for verbal and graphical language and generalized problem-modeling are based on the concept of a plex which combines data, structure, and algorithmic aspects to provide complete and elegant representation of arbitrary problems. Program developments are supported by hardware and software innovations in computer graphics. Various design applications and a general technique for three-dimensional shape description complement and illustrate the general approach. (Author)
Non-spurious correlations between genetic and linguistic diversities in the context of human evolution

This thesis concerns human diversity, arguing that it represents not just some form of noise, which must be filtered out in order to reach a deeper explanatory level, but the engine of human and language evolution, metaphorically put, the best gift Nature has made to us. This diversity must be understood in the context of (and must shape) human evolution, of which the Recent Out-of-Africa with Replacement model (ROA) is currently regarded, especially outside palaeoanthropology, as a true theory. It is argued, using data from palaeoanthropology, human population genetics, ancient DNA studies and primatology, that this model must be, at least, amended, and most probably, rejected, and its alternatives must be based on the concept of reticulation. The relationships between the genetic and linguistic diversities is complex, including interindividual genetic and behavioural differences (behaviour genetics) and inter-population differences due to common demographic, geographic and historic factors (spurious correlations), used to study (pre)historical processes. It is proposed that there also exist nonspurious correlations between genetic and linguistic diversities, due to genetic variants which can bias the process of language change, so that the probabilities of alternative linguistic states are altered. The particular hypothesis (formulated with Prof. D. R. Ladd) of a causal relationship between two human genes and one linguistic typological feature is supported by the statistical analysis of a vast database of 983 genetic variants and 26 linguistic features in 49 Old World populations, controlling for geography and known linguistic history. The general theory of non-spurious correlations between genetic and linguistic diversities is developed and its consequences and predictions analyzed. It will very probably profoundly impact our understanding of human diversity and will offer a firm footing for theories of language evolution and change. More specifically, through such a mechanism, gradual, accretionary models of language evolution are a natural consequence of post-ROA human evolutionary models. The unravellings of causal effects of inter-population genetic differences on linguistic states, mediated by complex processes of cultural evolution (biased iterated learning), will represent a major advance in our understanding of the relationship between cultural and genetic diversities, and will allow a better appreciation of this most fundamental and supremely valuable characteristic of humanity – its intrinsic diversity.