Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sea-Breeze Dynamics and Convection Initiation: The Influence of Convective Parameterization in Weather and Climate Model Biases

AbstractThere are some long-established biases in atmospheric models that originate from the representation of tropical convection. Previously, it has been difficult to separate cause and effect because errors are often the result of a number of interacting biases. Recently, researchers have gained the ability to run multiyear global climate model simulations with grid spacings small enough to switch the convective parameterization off, which permits the convection to develop explicitly. There are clear improvements to the initiation of convective storms and the diurnal cycle of rainfall in the convection-permitting simulations, which enables a new process-study approach to model bias identification. In this study, multiyear global atmosphere-only climate simulations with and without convective parameterization are undertaken with the Met Office Unified Model and are analyzed over the Maritime Continent region, where convergence from sea-breeze circulations is key for convection initiation. The analysis s.
Ultrasound-guided Radiofrequency Lesioning of the Articular Branches of the Femoral Nerve for the Treatment of Chronic Post-arthroplasty Hip Pain.

BACKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common surgical treatment for several conditions of the hip. While the majority of patients obtain satisfactory results, many develop chronic post-arthroplasty hip pain that can be difficult to treat. OBJECTIVE We evaluate the effectiveness of cooled (60°C) radiofrequency lesioning of the articular branches of the femoral nerve (ABFN) as a minimally invasive treatment for patients suffering from chronic post-arthroplasty hip pain. This treatment has never been described previously in this population. STUDY DESIGN Case report. SETTING Center for Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. METHOD A 59-year-old woman with long-standing osteoarthritis of the right hip who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty and presented with chronic post-arthroplasty hip pain Intervention: Cooled (60°C) radiofrequency lesioning of the ABFN under ultrasound guidance Outcome Measure: Functional ability and numeric rating scale (NRS) scores at rest and with activity. RESULTS Prior to intervention, the patient reported severe disruption in daily activities, sleep, and relationships; NRS scores at rest and with activity were 4/10 and 10/10, respectively. At 4 weeks following intervention, the patient reported significant improvement in functional ability and NRS scores decreased to 1/10 and 2/10, respectively. At 6 months, the patient's NRS scores at rest and with activity were 0/10 and 1/10, respectively. At 24-month follow-up, the patient continued to endorse significant pain relief with NRS scores at rest and with activity of 0 - 1/10 and 1 - 2/10, respectively. There were no side effects or complications including motor weakness, sensory loss, and neuralgias. LIMITATIONS Although the patient obtained good results from the intervention, the description of the study is from a single case report. Further study is necessary to investigate the widespread use of this technique and its outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Cooled (60°C) radiofrequency lesioning of the ABFN under ultrasound guidance is both an effective and minimally invasive intervention for chronic post-arthroplasty hip pain. Key words: Radiofrequency lesioning, articular branches, femoral nerve, post-arthoplasty, total hip arthoplasty, hip pain, chronic pain.
Nonlinear Control of a Buck Converter Which Feeds a Constant Power Load

In this paper, a nonlinear control strategy for controlling a dc/dc buck converter feeding a constant power load is proposed. The main objective of the proposed controller is to improve the transient performance when in presence of unknown power disturbances. A feedback controller is combined with a feedforward strategy. A nonlinear reduced order observer is used for estimating the value of the power load and its time derivative. These estimated values are fed forward to the nonlinear feedback controller whose design is based on feedback linearization method. The proposed controller is tested via simulation and experimental results.
Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Rayleigh Scattering in Few-Mode Fiber Raman Amplifiers

A theoretical model of noise—amplified spontaneous emission and Rayleigh backscattering—in few-mode fiber Raman amplifiers is presented in this letter. Based on this model, the equalization of the signal modal gain determines the equalization of the noise modal gain. The model can also be used to predict the mode-dependent optical signal-noise ratio. The theoretical results of this model are consistent with reported experimental results.
Suppression by Endotoxin of the Immune Response to Actinophage in the Mouse.∗

Summary Repeated injections of 4 mg endotoxin/kg, subsequent to antigenic stimulation with actinophage MSP8, retarded the early and late immune response in the mouse and resulted in an accelerated loss of preformed antibody. Cessation of endotoxin treatment permitted phage neutralizing activity in stimulated animals to increase.
An autopsy case of preclinical multiple system atrophy (MSA‐C)

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is divided into two clinical subtypes: MSA with predominant parkinsonian features (MSA‐P) and MSA with predominant cerebellar dysfunction (MSA‐C). We report a 71‐year‐old Japanese man without clinical signs of MSA, in whom post mortem examination revealed only slight gliosis in the pontine base and widespread occurrence of glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the central nervous system, with the greatest abundance in the pontine base and cerebellar white matter. Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) and neuronal nuclear inclusions (NNIs) were almost restricted to the pontine and inferior olivary nuclei. It was noteworthy that most NCIs were located in the perinuclear area, and the majority of NNIs were observed adjacent to the inner surface of the nuclear membrane. To our knowledge, only four autopsy cases of preclinical MSA have been reported previously, in which neuronal loss was almost entirely restricted to the substantia nigra and/or putamen. Therefore, the present autopsy case of preclinical MSA‐C is considered to be the first of its kind to have been reported. The histopathological features observed in preclinical MSA may represent the early pattern of MSA pathology.
Impact of Electronic Health Record-Based Alerts on Influenza Vaccination for Children With Asthma

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to assess the impact of influenza vaccine clinical alerts on missed opportunities for vaccination and on overall influenza immunization rates for children and adolescents with asthma. METHODS: A prospective, cluster-randomized trial of 20 primary care sites was conducted between October 1, 2006, and March 31, 2007. At intervention sites, electronic health record-based clinical alerts for influenza vaccine appeared at all office visits for children between 5 and 19 years of age with asthma who were due for vaccine. The proportion of captured immunization opportunities at visits and overall rates of complete vaccination for patients at intervention and control sites were compared with those for the previous year, after standardization for relevant covariates. The study had >80% power to detect an 8% difference in the change in rates between the study and baseline years at intervention versus control practices. RESULTS: A total of 23 418 visits and 11 919 children were included in the study year and 21 422 visits and 10 667 children in the previous year. The majority of children were male, 5 to 9 years of age, and privately insured. With standardization for selected covariates, captured vaccination opportunities increased from 14.4% to 18.6% at intervention sites and from 12.7% to 16.3% at control sites, a 0.6% greater improvement. Standardized influenza vaccination rates improved 3.4% more at intervention sites than at control sites. The 4 practices with the greatest increases in rates (≥11%) were all in the intervention group. Vaccine receipt was more common among children who had been vaccinated previously, with increasing numbers of visits, with care early in the season, and at preventive versus acute care visits. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical alerts were associated with only modest improvements in influenza vaccination rates.
Gender differences in the experience of pain dismissal in adolescence

This study examined physician-generated pain dismissal experiences in adolescence between males and females. Young adults (ages 18–24, N = 178) with chronic or recurrent pain reported at least one pain dismissal experience in adolescence and answered a series of questions regarding the experience during this time period. Females were significantly more likely to report pain dismissal and a physician as the dismisser. Males were more likely to report that the dismisser expressed hostility toward them, feeling ambivalent regarding the dismissal experience, and a desire to avoid the dismisser. Females were more likely to report a desire to plead for understanding with the dismisser. Results suggest that female adolescents are more likely to report a pain dismissal experience with physicians, raising concerns that adolescent females may receive, or at least perceive, differential treatment for their chronic pain.
Differential Activation of Formyl Peptide Receptor-Like 1 by Peptide Ligands 1

Formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) plays a key role in the regulation of immune responses. The activation of FPRL1 induces a complicated pattern of cellular signaling, which results in the regulation of several immune responses, such as chemotactic migration and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because some of these cellular responses are not beneficial to the host, ligands that selectively modulate these cellular responses are useful. His-Phe-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Met (HFYLPM) is a synthetic peptide that binds to FPRL1. In this study, we generated various HFYLPM analogues and examined their effects on cellular responses via FPRL1 in FPRL1-expressing rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells or in primary human neutrophils. Among the HXYLPM analogues, His-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Met (HRYLPM) activated a broad spectrum of cellular signaling events, including an intracellular Ca2+ concentration increase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Akt activation, however, His-Glu-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Met (HEYLPM) activated only intracellular Ca2+ concentration and Akt but did not increase Ca2+. In addition, HRYLPM was found to stimulate chemotaxis and ROS generation via phosphoinositide 3-kinase and an intracellular Ca2+ concentration increase, respectively, whereas HEYLPM stimulated chemotaxis but not ROS generation. With respect to the molecular mechanisms involved in the differential action of HRYLPM and HEYLPM, we found that HRYLPM but not HEYLPM competitively inhibited the binding of 125I-labeled Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-d-Met-NH2 (WKYMVm, a FPRL1 ligand) to FPRL1. This study demonstrates that the important chemoattractant receptor, FPRL1, may be differentially modulated by distinct peptide ligands. We also suggest that HRYLPM and HEYLPM may be used to selectively modulate FPRL1.
Oral pregabalin as an add‐on treatment for status epilepticus

Oral antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) represent possible add‐on options in refractory status epilepticus (SE). In this setting, pregabalin (PGB) has not been reported before. Over the last 42 months, we identified 11 SE episodes (10 patients) treated with PGB in our hospital. Its use was prompted by the favorable pharmacokinetic profile, devoid of drug‐drug interactions. The patients mostly had refractory, partial SE. Only two patients were managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). We found a definite electroclinical response in 5 of 11, already evident 24 h after PGB introduction, and a possible response (concomitantly with other AEDs) in 3 of 11 of the episodes; 3/11 did not respond. The treatment was well tolerated. Partial SE appeared to better respond than generalized convulsive SE. PGB appears to be an interesting option as add‐on treatment in refractory partial SE.
Myofibrillar disruption following acute concentric and eccentric resistance exercise in strength-trained men.

We have previously quantified the extent of myofibrillar disruption which occurs following an acute bout of resistance exercise in untrained men, however the response of well-trained subjects is not known. We therefore recruited six strength-trained men, who ceased training for 5 days and then performed 8 sets of 8 uni-lateral repetitions, using a load equivalent to 80% of their concentric (Con) 1-repetition maximum. One arm performed only Con actions by lifting the weight and the other arm performed only eccentric actions (Ecc) by lowering it. Needle biopsy samples were obtained from biceps brachii of each arm approximately 21 h following exercise, and at baseline (i.e., after 5 days without training), and subsequently analyzed using electron microscopy to quantify myofibrillar disruption. A greater (P < or = 0.05) proportion of disrupted fibres was found in the Ecc arm (45 +/- 11%) compared with baseline values (4 +/- 2%), whereas fibre disruption in the Con arm (27 +/- 4%) was not different (P > 0.05) from baseline values. The proportion of disrupted fibres and the magnitude of disruption (quantified by sarcomere counting) was considerably less severe than previously observed in untrained subjects after an identical exercise bout. Mixed muscle protein synthesis, assessed from approximately 21-29 h post-exercise, was not different between the Con- and Ecc-exercised arms. We conclude that the Ecc phase of resistance exercise is most disruptive to skeletal muscle and that training attenuates the severity of this effect. Moreover, it appears that fibre disruption induced by habitual weightlifting exercise is essentially repaired after 5 days of inactivity in trained men.
Enzymatically active prostate‐specific antigen promotes growth of human prostate cancers

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the best‐known member of the kallikrein‐related peptidase family, with an established role as a prostatic disease biomarker. Although it is produced at high levels by all stages of prostate cancer, it is uncertain if PSA plays a role in prostate cancer initiation and progression. We decided to investigate the impact of PSA and its enzymatic activity on tumor cell growth rates.
Out-of-Sample Equity Premium Prediction : Consistently Beating the Historical Average

While a host of economic variables have been identified in the literature with the apparent in-sample ability to predict the equity premium, Goyal and Welch (2007) find that these variables fail to deliver consistent out-of-sample forecast gains relative to the historical average. Imposing theoretically motivated restrictions on individual predictive regression models, Campbell and Thompson (2007) provide improved forecasts, but the out-of-sample performance is still highly uneven over time. In this paper, we propose two approaches— combination forecasts and covariate estimation—to improve out-of-sample equity premium forecasts based on economic variables. These approaches accommodate structural instability and utilize additional information. We find that despite the failure of individual predictive regression model forecasts to outperform the historical average, combinations of individual model forecasts deliver statistically and economically significant out-of-sample gains relative to the historical average on a consistent basis over time. Forming combination forecasts from individual models estimated using covariates and with Campbell and Thompson (2007) restrictions imposed typically leads to further out-of-sample gains. JEL classifications: C22, C53, G11, G12
Privacy Protection for E-Health Systems by Means of Dynamic Authentication and Three-Factor Key Agreement

During the past decade, the electronic healthcare (e-health) system has been evolved into a more patient-oriented service with smaller and smarter wireless devices. However, these convenient smart devices have limited computing capacity and memory size, which makes it harder to protect the user's massive private data in the e-health system. Although some works have established a secure session key between the user and the medical server, the weaknesses still exist in preserving the anonymity with low energy consumption. Moreover, the misuse of biometric information in key agreement process may lead to privacy disclosure, which is irreparable. In this study, we design a dynamic privacy protection mechanism offering the biometric authentication at the server side whereas the exact value of the biometric template remains unknown to the server. And the user anonymity can be fully preserved during the authentication and key negotiation process because the messages transmitted with the proposed scheme are untraceable. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is proved to be semantic secure under the real-or-random model. The performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme suits the e-health environment at the aspect of security and resource occupation.
Increased intrahepatic and circulating levels of endoglin, a TGF‐β1 co‐receptor, in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: relationship to histological and serum markers of hepatic fibrosis

Summary. Endoglin, a transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 co‐receptor, has been associated with renal and cutaneous fibrosis, as overexpression of this protein has been observed in biopsies from patients with glomerulosclerosis and scleroderma, respectively. Our aim was to evaluate whether endoglin may be associated with hepatic fibrosis featuring chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Fifty‐two anti‐HCV+ patients, five anti‐HCV− patients and 27 healthy subjects were studied. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to quantify the expression levels of endoglin and TGF‐β1 in liver biopsy samples, and serum concentrations of endoglin and hyaluronic acid were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). In patients with advanced fibrosis, intrahepatic expression levels of endoglin and TGF‐β1 were significantly higher than those in patients with early fibrosis (mean: 3‐ and 5.8‐fold, respectively) and normal liver (mean: 3.9‐ and 12‐fold, respectively). Interestingly, activated hepatic stellate cells as well as portal and septal myofibroblasts expressed endoglin. Serum levels of endoglin were also significantly higher in patients with advanced fibrosis than in those with early fibrosis (55.5 ± 1.6 vs 47.5 ± 0.9 ng/mL, P < 0.001), showing a positive correlation with serum hyaluronic acid concentrations (r = 0.57, P = 0.01). In conclusion, increased intrahepatic endoglin and TGF‐β1 expression is significantly associated with progressive hepatic fibrosis in chronic HCV infection. Circulating endoglin levels are elevated in HCV patients showing a significant correlation with histological and serum markers of hepatic fibrosis. These data suggest an active role for endoglin in the fibrotic process featuring chronic HCV infection.
Afferent connections to the sensory trigeminal nuclei, the nucleus of the solitary tract and adjacent structures. An experimental study in the rat

Most current anatomical texts describe the sensory trigeminal nuclei and the nucleus of the solitary tract as simple stations in pathways mediating afferent sensory impulses of somatic and visceral origin, respectively. The trigeminal nerve fibers are considered as being purely somatic, terminating exclusively in the trigeminal nuclei, which in addition are believed to receive small somatic afferent components of the VIIth, IXth and Xth cranial nerves. The visceral afferent fibers of the latter nerves are said to terminate in the nucleus of the solitary tract and to constitute the only primary sensory supply of this nucleus. The two nuclei according to current descriptions thus apparently are functionally different and well defined structures. Recent observations on the structure of the sensory trigeminal nuclei (Olseewski, '50; Bstrom, '53) suggest that eonditions may be more complex than generally assumed, as do also some observations on the afferent cranial nerve fibers. However, there are still important gaps in our knowledge of the latter item. Investigations based on normal material are in part mutually contradictory, and experimental studies have, so far, been made with the Marchi method only, which leaves
Flexor tendon grafting to the hand.

DIVISION of the flexor tendons within the digital sheath of the hand is a rather common injury, and its repair is a real challenge to the surgeon interested in trauma of the hand. The tendons divided retract and separate widely, and to obtain these separated ends and to unite them within the strict confines of the dense fibrous sheath of the digit creates a difficult problem. To secure union of the separated tendons within the sheath and later to hope for a gliding mechanism to provide flexion is almost a paradox. It is rarely possible to perform a primary end-to-end suture of the flexor tendon within the digital sheath. It is felt that these injuries should not be repaired after two hours from the time of trauma or if unwise first aid has been administered. Search for the separated ends requires the enlargement of incisions and the opening of new
A comprehensive profiling of T- and B-lymphocyte receptor repertoires from a Chinese-origin rhesus macaque by high-throughput sequencing

Due to the close genetic background, high similarity of physiology, and susceptibility to infectious and metabolic diseases with humans, rhesus macaques have been widely used as an important animal model in biomedical research, especially in the study of vaccine development and human immune-related diseases. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing based immune repertoire sequencing (IR-SEQ) has become a powerful tool to study the dynamic adaptive immune responses. Several previous studies had analyzed the responses of B cells to HIV-1 trimer vaccine or T cell repertoire of rhesus macaques using this technique, however, there are little studies that had performed a comprehensive analysis of immune repertoire of rhesus macaques, including T and B lymphocytes. Here, we did a comprehensive analysis of the T and B cells receptor repertoires of a Chinese rhesus macaque based on the 5’—RACE and IR-SEQ. The detailed analysis includes the distribution of CDR3 length, the composition of amino acids and nucleotides of CDR3, V, J and V-J combination usage, the insertion and deletion length distribution and somatic hypermutation rates of the framework region 3 (FR3). In addition, we found that several positions of FR3 region have high mutation frequencies, which may indicate the existence of new genes/alleles that have not been discovered and/or collected into IMGT reference database. We believe that a comprehensive profiling of immune repertoire of rhesus macaque will facilitate the human immune-related diseases studies.
Suppression of multisensory integration by modality-specific attention in aging

Previous research shows that modality-specific selective attention attenuates multisensory integration in healthy young adults. In addition, older adults evidence enhanced multisensory integration compared with younger adults. We hypothesized that these increases were because of changes in top-down suppression, and therefore older adults would show multisensory integration while selectively attending. Performance of older and younger adults was compared on a cued discrimination task. Older adults had greater multisensory integration than younger adults in all conditions, yet were still able to reduce integration using selective attention. This suggests that attentional processes are intact in older adults, but are unable to compensate for an overall increase in the amount of sensory processing during divided attention.