Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hemostasis in spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.

To comprehensively examine changes in the hemostatic systems early after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to assess the relationships between those changes and neurological findings, computed tomographic findings, and clinical outcomes, we reviewed 167 patients who were admitted within 24 hours of the onset of SAH. Blood was taken from all of the patients at admission for detailed examinations of the hemostatic systems. The following results were obtained: 1) the levels of the thrombin-antithrombin complex (elevation indicating the activation fo the blood coagulation system), plasmin-antiplasmin complex, and D-dimer (elevation indicating the activation of the fibrinolytic system) significantly increased with the neurological severity, amount of subarachnoid clot, and severity of clinical outcome; 2) the levels of the thrombin-antithrombin complexes and plasmin-antiplasmin complexes were significantly higher in patients with intracerebral or intraventricular hematomas than in patients without those hematomas; 3) in each of almost all the neurological and computed tomographic grades, the levels of the thrombin-antithrombin complexes were significantly higher in the patients with poor outcomes than in those with good outcomes; 4) the poor outcome rate significantly increased with neurological severity and the amount of subarachnoid clot. These data suggest that the activation of the blood coagulation system as well as of the fibrinolytic system occurred early in the course of SAH and that these systems were activated to a greater extent with the severity of neurological grades, computed tomographic findings, and clinical outcome. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of Phase Variation of NontypeableHaemophilus influenzae Lipooligosaccharide during Nasopharyngeal Colonization and Development of Otitis Media in the Chinchilla Model

ABSTRACT Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) has four loci, lic-1 to lic-3 and lgtC, that generate phase-variable lipooligosaccharide (LOS) structures.lic-1, which is required for the expression of phosphorylcholine (ChoP), is the best characterized and is associated with an enhanced ability of H. influenzae to persist within the nasopharynges of infant rats. Recent data indicate that LOS impacts various aspects of NTHI virulence in the chinchilla model of nasopharyngeal colonization and otitis media (OM). In this study the effects of ChoP expression and the sequences of lic-1 tolic-3 and lgtC of NTHI strain 2019 were evaluated in the chinchilla OM model. Nasopharyngeal colonization data showed that a switch from the ChoP− to the ChoP+ phenotype was observed as early as day 3 after intranasal inoculation. Chinchillas colonized by strains with the ChoP+ phenotype demonstrated a significantly higher level of NTHI 2019 per milliliter of nasal lavage fluid than chinchillas colonized with predominantly the ChoP− variant (P < 0.05). The concentration of cells with the ChoP+ phenotype in the middle ear was 3 log units higher than that of cells with the ChoP− variant (P < 0.01). There was a statistically significant association between ChoP+ expression in the nasal lavage and the development of OM with culture-positive middle ear fluids in this model. These data suggest that expression of the ChoP+phenotype promotes enhanced nasopharyngeal colonization and development of OM.
Morphological processing of printed nouns and verbs: Cross-class priming effects

Despite grammatical class being a fundamental organising principle of the human mental lexicon, recent morphological models of visual word identification remain silent as to whether and how it is represented in the lexical system. The present study addresses this issue by investigating cross-class morphological priming (i.e., the effect obtained when nouns prime verbs sharing the same root or vice versa) to clarify whether morphological stems subserving the formation of both nouns and verbs (e.g., depart-) have a unique, grammatical class–independent representation. Experiments 1 and 2 suggest this to be the case, as they show that morphological priming crosses grammatical class boundaries in overt paradigm conditions. Experiment 3 shows that, in masked priming conditions, cross-class facilitation emerges both for genuine derivations and pseudo-related pairs with a homographic stem (e.g., port-e, doors, and port-are, to carry), which is taken to suggest that grammatical class–free stem representations are located at a pre-lexical level of morphological processing.
Do Changes in Tympanic Temperature Predict Changes in Affective Valence During High-Intensity Exercise?

Purpose: Increased core (brain or body) temperature that accompanies exercise has been posited to play an influential role in affective responses to exercise. However, findings in support of this hypothesis have been equivocal, and most of the performed studies have been done in relation to anxiety. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of tympanic temperature on basic affect (i.e., pleasure–displeasure) in the course of a high-intensity exercise session. Method: One hundred seventy students performed a 10-min cycling exercise at an intensity of 80% to 85% of maximal heart rate. Heart rate, tympanic temperature, and self-reported pleasure (using the Feeling Scale [FS]) were measured twice during exercise at the end of the first minute (Min 1:00) and beginning of the last minute (Min 9:00). Results: Small increases in tympanic temperature were noted from Min 1:00 to Min 9:00 (mean change value = +0.2°C). Meanwhile, the FS scores changed in the opposite direction (mean change value = − 0.2 units). However, changes in temperature only poorly predicted changes in pleasure–displeasure (R2 = .05 for the linear regression, R2 = .08 for the curvilinear regression). Conclusions: Slight elevated tympanic temperature occurred during the 10-min cycling exercise, but it had a negligible effect on changes in pleasure ratings. The possibility that tympanic temperature is not a valid indicator of core temperature during exercise is discussed.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE GENUS CAULERPA (CAULERPALES, CHLOROPHYTA) INFERRED FROM CHLOROPLAST tufA GENE1

The genus Caulerpa consists of about 75 species of tropical to subtropical siphonous green algae. To better understand the evolutionary history of the genus, a molecular phylogeny was inferred from chloroplast tufA sequences of 23 taxa. A sequence of Caulerpella ambigua was included as a potential outgroup. Results reveal that the latter taxon is, indeed, sister to all ingroup sequences. Caulerpa itself consists of a series of relatively ancient and species‐poor lineages and a relatively modern and rapidly diversifying clade, containing most of the diversity. The molecular phylogeny conflicts with the intrageneric sectional classification based on morphological characters and an evolutionary scheme based on chloroplast ultrastructure. High bootstrap values support monophyly of C. mexicana, C. sertularioides, C. taxifolia, C. webbiana, and C. prolifera, whereas most other Caulerpa species show para‐ or polyphyly.
Identification of tumor-specific paclitaxel (Taxol)-responsive regulatory elements in the interleukin-8 promoter

Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a novel chemotherapeutic drug that is effective against breast and ovarian cancers. Although the primary target of paclitaxel is microtubules, its efficacy exceeds that of conventional microtubule-disrupting agents, suggesting that it may have additional cellular effects. Previously, we demonstrated that paclitaxel can induce interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression at the transcriptional level in subsets of human ovarian cancer lines. In this as well as the previous report, we present evidence that this ability is not linked to the lipopolysaccharide pathway of IL-8 gene induction. The present study identifies the cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors involved in this induction by transfecting DNA constructs containing the 5'-flanking region of the IL-8 gene linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene into paclitaxel-responsive and nonresponsive ovarian cancer cells (responsiveness refers to the IL-8 response). Paclitaxel only activated the IL-8 promoter in responsive cells. The AP-1 and NF-kappaB binding sites in the IL-8 promoter are required for activation by paclitaxel; in contrast, a C/EBP site required for IL-8 promoter activation in other cell types is not involved. Gel shift assays demonstrate that paclitaxel causes a marked increase in protein binding to the NF-kappaB and AP-1 consensus binding sequences in the paclitaxel-responsive ovarian cells, but not the nonresponsive cells. The induction of NF-kappaB and AP-1 binding is reduced by the addition of protein kinase C inhibitors and cyclic AMP effector, respectively. These results demonstrate a molecular mechanism for cell-specific paclitaxel-induced IL-8 gene expression which may have clinical relevance.
Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology: a physiologic severity index for neonatal intensive care.

The substantial variation in birth weight-adjusted mortality among neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) may reflect differences in population illness severity. Development of an illness severity measure is essential for comparisons of outcomes. The Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP) was developed and validated prospectively on 1643 admissions (114 deaths) in three NICUs. SNAP scores the worst physiologic derangements in each organ system in the first 24 hours. SNAP showed little correlation with birth weight and was highly predictive of neonatal mortality even within narrow birth weight strata. It was capable of separating patients into groups with 2 to 20 times higher mortality risk. It also correlated highly with other indicators of severity including nursing workload (r = .59), therapeutic intensity (r = .78), physician estimates of mortality risk (r = .65), and length of stay (R2 = .59). SNAP is an important new tool for NICU research.
Cutaneous gamma‐delta T‐cell lymphoma with central nervous system involvement: report of a rarity with review of literature

Primary cutaneous gamma‐delta (γδ) T‐cell lymphoma is an extremely rare and aggressive variant of cutaneous lymphoma. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement, a rare finding, and hemophagocytic syndrome are two complications that are commonly fatal. We describe a 58‐year‐old patient presenting with skin plaque who subsequently developed subcutaneous nodules diagnosed as cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL), clinically resembling ‘mycosis fungoides’. The patient was treated with repeat topical radiation therapies but had frequent relapsed disease. Approximately 4.5 years after, the patient presented with third and sixth cranial nerve palsies and was found to have CNS involvement by lymphoma per positron emission tomography—computed tomography (PET/CT) and a biopsy of foramen magnum. Phenotypically, the tumor cells were CD3(+)/CD4(−)/CD8(−)/CD7(+)/CD5(−)/CD30(−)/TCRαβ(−)/TCRγδ(+). Despite aggressive strategies taken, the patient expired 3 months after the diagnosis of the CNS lesion. A retrospective investigation proved the original CTCL to be γδ T‐cell in origin, confirming an indolent cutaneous γδ T‐cell lymphoma with eventual CNS manifestation. We present this case to draw attention to the entity, which can occasionally present with misleading histopathologic and clinical features. In addition, we provide a review of the literature to summarize clinical and pathologic features of the reported similar cases.
Cardiovascular effects, body composition, quality of life and pain after a Zumba fitness program in Italian overweight women.

BACKGROUND The aim of this paper was to investigate the cardiovascular effects, body composition, quality of life and pain after a 12-week Zumba fitness program in a group of overweight women through an observational study, community physical activity program involving twenty-seven overweight women (38.9±9.7 years). METHODS Cardiometabolic profile, body composition, quality of life and pain were assessed after a 12-week Zumba fitness program. RESULTS Significant improvements in body weight and BMI (71.5 vs. 74.2 kg, 28.02 vs. 29.1 kg/m²), in circumferences (arm: 27.9 vs. 30.3, waist: 80.1 vs. 83.9, hip: 102 vs. 107.4 cm), in fat and muscular mass (25.2 vs. 26.9, 34.4 vs. 27.2 kg), in intracellular (19 vs. 17.5 kg), and in extracellular water (14.9 vs. 16.8 kg) were recorded. A decrease in blood pressure was observed (118.3/69.4 vs. 125/75.5 mmHg). Cardiovascular response to the maximal exercise test showed a decrease in heart rate and in systolic blood pressure with an increase of work (118.9 vs. 116.7 watt). SF-36 showed variations in physical functioning (99.4 vs. 92.8) and in the limitation on the emotional role (88.9 vs. 66.6). With regards the Brief Pain Inventory-SF, a decrease in pain severity and pain interference score was seen (0.5 vs. 1.6, 0.06 vs. 0.5). CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that Zumba fitness can be an effective way to obtain beneficial health effects and that it can also be recommended for overweight women.
Broad-scale Spatial Prediction of Areas at Risk from Dryland Salinity

This paper presents a method for predicting areas at risk from dryland salinity using information derived from multi-temporal Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite images combined with land form data derived from high-quality digital elevation models. The method aims to reproduce expert opinion about the future extent of salinity by using decision trees to determine the relationship between salinity risk and variables that describe various aspects of the landscape. Feature selection procedures are used to determine the optimal subset of variables for predicting risk areas. Preliminary studies were conducted in five subcatchments and the model was spatially extrapolated over 30 000 km2 to produce maps of those areas expected to become saline under current management practices.
CD4dimCD25bright Treg cell frequencies above a standardized gating threshold are similar in asthmatics and controls

Thymus selected CD4+CD25bright natural regulatory Treg cells expressing FOXP3 may contribute to control of immune responses. No unique markers have been available to identify and characterize Treg. We present a gating strategy that allows enumeration of Treg on the basis of CD4 and CD25 and investigate whether asthmatics have fewer Treg than controls.
The impact of DDoS and other security shocks on Bitcoin currency exchanges: evidence from Mt. Gox

We investigate how distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and other disruptions affect the Bitcoin ecosystem. In particular, we investigate the impact of shocks on trading activity at the leading Mt. Gox exchange between April 2011 and November 2013. We ﬁnd that following DDoS attacks on Mt. Gox, the number of large trades on the exchange fell sharply. In particular, the distribution of the daily trading volume becomes less skewed (fewer big trades) and had smaller kurtosis on days following DDoS attacks. The results are robust to alternative speciﬁcations, as well as to restricting the data to activity prior to March 2013, i.e., the period before the ﬁrst large appreciation in the price of and attention paid to Bitcoin.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs vs. Paracetamol: drug availability, patients' preference and knowledge of toxicity.

BACKGROUND Self-medication is a common practice which is influenced by level of education, society factors and health care facilities availability. In our region, Pakistan, it is very common and awareness regarding prescription implementation needs to be ensured. Hence the current study highlights the preference, availability and knowledge of toxicity of non-steroidal antiinflammatory medications and paracetamol in Pakistan. METHODS It was a Descriptive, cross sectional, conducted in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan from May to august 2012. A total of 1000 questionnaires comprising of 21 questions were distributed to the persons with age groups from 18 years to 40 years. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used for results deduction. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS The most commonly used medicine was Mefenamic acid (n=191, 40.8%). Paracetamol was second on the priority list (n=146, 31.3%). About 178 out of 467(38.1%) used these medications for headache. Very few responders knew about the toxic doses of the medicines they used. Only 52 (11%) were aware of the raised bleeding tendency being the most common side effect of acetylsalicylic acid and 129 (28%) were aware of liver damage by paracetamol toxicity. CONCLUSIONS In Pakistan, common people take NSAIDs and Paracetamol without prescription and majority of them are unaware of the side effects of these medicines. This is the reason it is important to make the general public aware of the problems they may face if they misuse or over use the drugs without the prescription.
Flow cytometry in the bone marrow evaluation of follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Bone marrow biopsies are routinely performed in the staging of patients with lymphoma. Despite the lack of evidence for its usefulness, many institutions include flow cytometry (FC) of bone-marrow aspirates in an attempt to increase sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of FC for the assessment of bone-marrow involvement by lymphoma in follicular (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). DESIGN AND METHODS Seventy-nine bone marrow biopsies from 65 patients diagnosed with FL or DLBCL were examined to compare histology and FC for the assessment of bone-marrow involvement by lymphoma. RESULTS Bone marrow histology showed involvement (BM+) in 16 cases (20.3%), lack of infiltration (BM(-)) in 52 cases (65.8%) and undetermined or undiagnosed for involvement (BMu) in 11 cases (13.9%). FC was positive for involvement in 28 cases (35.4%) and negative in 51 cases (64.6%). 65 cases (95%) showed concordance between the results of morphology and FC (BM(+)/FC(+) or BM(-)/FC(-)). No BM(+)/FC(-) cases were observed. 3 cases showed discrepant results (BM(-)/FC(+)). In these 3 cases the molecular studies (PCR) demonstrated clonal rearrangement of the heavy immunoglobulin chain (IgH) and/or bcl2-IgH in agreement with the flow results. Among the 11 cases with BMu, all but 2 were FC(+) and concordance with the PCR results was seen in 9 cases (81.9%). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS We conclude that FC is just as sensitive or perhaps slightly more sensitive than histology in the detection of bone marrow involvement in FL and DLBCL. FC studies may be warranted in those cases in which the morphology is not diagnosed. The clinical relevance of the small clonal B-cell population in patients without histologic bone marrow involvement (BM(-)/FC(+) cases) remains an open question.
The effect of age on first-line sunitinib treatment in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

e15096 Background: Sunitinib is a first line treatment for majority of patients with metastatic RCC. The recommended dose of 50mg often results in a spectrum of serious side effects which subsequently lead to dose reduction and may have an impact on response rates. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 62 RCC patients from single institution treated with sunitinib between September 2007-May 2010. Patients were stratified according to age groups, into ≤ 70 year old (y.o.) and > 70 y.o. to compare tolerability, response rates and median survival. RESULTS All patients were evaluable for toxicity, 55 patients were evaluable for response. 38 (61.2%) were ≤ 70 y.o. and 24 (38.8%) were >70y.o. 2 patients (5%) of ≤70 and 5 (20%) of > 70y.o. were non-evaluable for response due to early treatment discontinuation. The response rate was 36% in ≤70y.o. and 21% in >70 y.o. , stable disease (SD) was observed in 41% ≤70 y.o. vs 47% in the older age group and progressive disease PD:22% vs 31.5% respectively. 24 (38.7%) of patients required dose reductions after the first or second cycle- 12 (33%) in ≤70 vs 11 (59%) in >70 yrs old. A small number of patients presented with PS 2 and these were started on a reduced dose of 37.5mg: 3 (8%) in ≤70y.o. and 11 (58%) > 70y.o. Toxcities were comparable in both groups however grade 3 palmar-plantar erythema (PPE) and mucositis (18% vs 1.6% and 18 vs 8% respectively) were more prevalent in the younger cohort. Grade 3 diarrhoea and fatigue were more common in older patients (10% in >70y.o vs 1.6% in ≤70y.o. and 16% vs 9.6% respectively). Median survival was 23 months for both age groups. CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients more commonly require dose reduction due to poor performance status and toxicity profile. The objective response rate is lower with the lower dose intensity however the rate of disease stabilisation is comparable in both groups. The lower dose of Sunitinib is well tolerated in the elderly and this regimen should be considered for older patients with poor performance status.
General nyquist-I pulses to mitigate carrier frequency offset in DVB-C-OFDM systems

It is well known that the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is highly sensitive to frequency offset. In this paper, we present theoretical results to assess the intercarrier interference reduction using general pulse shaping filters in digital video broadcasting over cable (DVB-C) systems. These pulses are characterized by only one design parameter, known as the roll-off factor. We found that for the DVB standard, which employs a raised cosine (RC) function, double-jump 1 (DJ1) filter outperforms the RC pulse as well as the rest of pulses in terms of both the bit error rate and the signal-to-interference ratio power. This is because the DJ1 pulse spectra presents the smallest lateral lobes and a broad main lobe.
Program Characteristics and Enrollees' Outcomes in the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)

The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) is a unique program providing a full spectrum of health care services, from primary to acute to long-term care for frail elderly individuals certified to require nursing home care. The objective of this article is to identify program characteristics associated with better risk-adjusted health outcomes: mortality, functional status, and self-assessed health. The article examines statistical analyses of information combining DataPACE (individual-level clinical data), a survey of direct care staff about team performance, and interviews with management in twenty-three PACE programs. Several program characteristics were associated with better functional outcomes. Fewer were associated with long-term self-assessed health, and only one with mortality. These findings offer strategies that may lead to better care.
Maintaining precursor pools for mitochondrial DNA replication

Among the human diseases that result from abnormalities in mitochondrial genome stability or maintenance are several that result from mutations affecting enzymes of deoxyribonucleoside triphos‐phate (dNTP) metabolism. In addition, it is evident that the toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analogs is determined in part by the extent to which their intracellular conversion to dNTP analogs occurs within the mitochondrion. Finally, recent work from this laboratory has shown considerable variation among different mammalian tissues with respect to mitochondrial dNTP pool sizes and has suggested that natural asymmetries in mitochondrial dNTP concentrations may contribute to the high rates at which the mitochondrial genome undergoes mutation. These factors suggest that much more information is needed about maintenance and regulation of dNTP pools within mammalian mitochondria. This review summarizes our current understanding and suggests directions for future research. —Mathews, C. K. , Song, S. Maintaining precursor pools for mitochondrial DNA replication. FASEB J. 21, 2294–2303 (2007)