Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Standardization of Euphorbia hirta with Chemical Compounds Identification (GC-MS)

The present study was intended to evaluate the various pharmacognostical procedures in the leaves of E. hirta, (Euphorbiaceae). The various pharmacognostical parameters were carried out as per WHO guidelines procedure i.e., macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, heavy metal analysis, functional group analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and assay. The study was extended with analyzing the chemical compounds identification in the extract of E. hirta by using GC-MS. The assay part of standardization involved determination of the antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) which could help assesses the chemical effects and establishes curative values. The extracts showed an antioxidant activity above 50%, independent of the extraction time. Six major peaks in the range of 600 - 1500 and 2800 - 3400 cm -1 were observed in the FTIR spectra. The chemical constituent aspect of standardization involves quantification of the main chemical components in E. hirta . The GC-MS method used for quantification of 1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid in the extract was rapid, accurate, precise, linear (R2 = 0.9981), rugged and robust. The concentrations of heavy metals determined in E. hirta extract are well below the permissible limit. The result of the pharmacognostical standardization of this plant serves as a reference piece and helps in future identification and authentication of this plant specimen.
Prospective study of Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy as monotherapy in treatment of renal calculi

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy, cost effectiveness & stone clearance of Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) as monotherapy in renal calculi. Materials and Methods Sixty patients with mean age of 39.45 years referred from emergency department with acute renal calculi between January 2003 and August 2004 were evaluated and subjected to PCNL. Patients were followed for one year for recurrence of symptoms. Results: In our study the complete stone free rate was seen in 95% of patients following PCNL. With pelvis and upper calyx clearance was 100%, middle and lower calyx clearance was 92 & 93% respectively. Residual calculi was seen in 5% of patients. Total complication rate was 6% with mean hospital stay of 6.9 days. Conclusion: PCNL as the primary treatment and monotherapy for renal calculi offers the twin advantage of minimally invasive therapy and complete stone clearance. This also helps in shortening the overall treatment duration and significant saving in cost as compared to other modalities, minimize the number of other less successful attempts of stone removal and optimize the chance that the problem will be managed safely, expeditiously and economically.
A Multimode Adaptive Pushover Procedure for Seismic Assessment of Integral Bridges

This paper presents a new adaptive pushover procedure to account for the effect of higher modes in order to accurately estimate the seismic response of bridges. The effect of higher modes is considered by introducing a minimum value for the total effective modal mass. The proposed method employs enough number of modes to ensure that the defined total effective modal mass participates in all increments of the pushover loading. An adaptive demand curve is also developed for assessment of the seismic demand. The efficiency and robustness of the proposed method are demonstrated by conducting a parametric study. The analysis includes 18 four-span integral bridges with various heights of piers. The inelastic response history analysis is employed as reference solution in this study. Numerical results indicate excellent accuracy of the proposed method in assessment of the seismic response. For most bridges investigated in this study, the difference between the estimated response of the proposed method and the inelastic response history analysis is less than 25% for displacements and 10% for internal forces. This indicates a very good accuracy compared to available pushover procedures in the literature. The proposed method is therefore recommended to be applied to the seismic performance evaluation of integral bridges for engineering applications.
Numerical simulations of transverse oscillations in radiatively cooling coronal loops

Aims. We aim to study the influence of radiative cooling on the standing kink oscillations of a coronal loop. Methods. Using the FLASH code, we solved the 3D ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations. Our model consists of a straight, density enhanced and gravitationally stratified magnetic flux tube. We perturbed the system initially, leading to a transverse oscillation of the structure, and followed its evolution for a number of periods. A realistic radiative cooling is implemented. Results are compared to available analytical theory. Results. We find that in the linear regime (i.e. low amplitude perturbation and slow cooling) the obtained period and damping time are in good agreement with theory. The cooling leads to an amplification of the oscillation amplitude. However, the di erence between the cooling and non-cooling cases is small (around 6% after 6 oscillations). In high amplitude runs with realistic cooling, instabilities deform the loop, leading to increased damping. In this case, the di erence between cooling and non-cooling is still negligible at around 12%. A set of simulations with higher density loops are also performed, to explore what happens when the cooling takes place in a very short time (tcool 100 s). In this case, the di erence in amplitude after nearly 3 oscillation periods for the low amplitude case is 21% between cooling and non-cooling cases. We strengthen the results of previous analytical studies that state that the amplification due to cooling is ine ective, and its influence on the oscillation characteristics is small, at least for the cases shown here. Furthermore, the presence of a relatively strong damping in the high amplitude runs even in the fast cooling case indicates that it is unlikely that cooling could alone account for the observed, flare-related undamped oscillations of coronal loops. These results may be significant in the field of coronal seismology, allowing its application to coronal loop oscillations with observed fading-out or cooling behaviour.
The Effects of Parental Support and Self-Esteem on Internalizing Symptoms in Emerging Adulthood

This study examined social and individual predictors of internalizing symptoms in college students, and in particular explored the indirect effects of mother and father support through self-esteem. A total of 123 college students completed self-reported online surveys measuring mother and father support, self-esteem, and internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety, withdrawal, and somatic symptoms). Students reported greater support from mothers compared to fathers, t (114) = 5.84, p < . 001. On average, higher maternal (but not paternal) support (β = -0.25, p = .006) and self-esteem (β = -0.61, p < .001) were associated with lower internalizing symptoms. For women, self-esteem mediated the relationship between maternal support and internalizing symptoms, indicating that greater maternal support was associated with greater self-esteem, which in turn was associated with lower internalizing symptoms (F = 41.98, p < .001). However, this pathway was not significant for men. These results highlight the importance of exploring the influence of different sources of support separately, and suggest that improving self-esteem for both men and women, and improving maternal support for women may decrease risk for internalizing symptoms in emerging adulthood. https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN22. 2.131
Patterns and processes of population dynamics with fluctuating habitat size: a case study of a marine copepod inhabiting tide pools

The logistic model is a fundamental population model often used as the basis for analyzing wildlife population dynamics. In the classic logistic model, however, population dynamics may be difficult to characterize if habitat size is temporally variable because population density can vary at a constant abundance, which results in variable strength of density-dependent feedback for a given population size. To incorporate habitat size variability, we developed a general population model in which changes in population abundance, density, and habitat size are taken into account. From this model, we deduced several predictions for patterns and processes of population dynamics: 1) patterns of fluctuation in population abundance and density can diverge, with respect of their correlation and relative variability; and 2) along with density dependence, habitat size fluctuation can affect population growth with a time lag because changes in habitat size result in changes in population density. In order to test these predictions, we applied our model to population dynamics data of 36 populations of Tigriopus japonicus, a marine copepod inhabiting tide pools of variable sizes caused by weather processes. As expected, we found a significant difference in the fluctuation patterns of population abundance and density of T. japonicus populations with respect to the correlation between abundance and density and their relative variability, which correlates positively with the variability of habitat size. In addition, we found direct and lagged-indirect effects of weather processes on population growth, which were associated with density dependence and impose regulatory forces on local and regional population dynamics. These results illustrate how changes in habitat size can have an impact on patterns and processes of wildlife population dynamics. We suggest that without knowledge of habitat size fluctuation, measures of population size and its variability as well as inferences about the processes of population dynamics may be misleading.
WHO ARE THE INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS IN LARGE ITALIAN BANKS? IDENTITY, DIVERSITY AND DISCLOSURE

This paper investigates the quality of the independent directors of large Italian banks, with the aim of understanding who they are and the degree of diversity among them. The extent to which the profile of the independent director meets the requirements of independence as well as the level of biographical disclosure is also examined. The results indicate that the identikit coincides with a 60-year-old man coming from the bank's territories and with remarkable expertise and a middle international vocation, while diversity is lacking in relation to gender, education and professional background. The study also raises serious concerns about the time availability and true independence that characterizes independent directors, as well as an insufficient level of biographical disclosure.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL BONDS AND CUSTOMER VALUE IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

This study aims to empirically examine the influence of financial bonds on customer value in commercial banks in Kenya. The financial bonds examined in this study are special discounts (SD), extension of loan repayment terms (ELRT) and free services (FS). The study sample consists of 384 respondents with a response rate of 78.1 per cent. Data was analyzed by employing correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that financial bonds are positively associated with customer value in commercial banks in Kenya. The generalization of the findings is limited as the study focused only on a single industry in Kenya. Based on the findings, companies employing financial bonds strategies should focus on improving the usefulness of the financial bonds to customers by reducing the cost of services. This study successfully extends the relational marketing strategies in the context of customer value by incorporating special discounts, loan repayment terms and free services constructs. This extended relational marketing model is developed to achieve the greater understanding of customer acceptance of financial bonding strategy in Kenya’s commercial banks. In conclusion, the model in this study presents a considerable improvement in explanatory power.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Okul Öncesi Eğitim ve İlköğretime Geçiş Süreci Hakkındaki Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi

Bu calismada, sinif ogretmenlerinin okul oncesi egitimin onemi, islevi, okul oncesinden ilkogretime gecis sureci ve okul oncesi egitim alan ve almayan cocuklarin ilkogretime gecis surecinde yasadiklari guclukler hakkindaki goruslerinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Calismanin birinci asamasinda Sinif Ogretmenlerinin Okul Oncesi Egitimi Hakkindaki Gorusleri Olcegi (OOEHGO), 200 sinif ogretmenine uygulanmistir. Calismanin ikinci asamasinda ise sinif ogretmenlerinin okul oncesi egitiminin onemi, okul oncesi egitim hakkinda sahip olduklari bilgi kaynaklari ve ilkogretime gecis sureci hakkindaki goruslerini daha detayli incelemek amaciyla 15 sinif ogretmeni ile gorusme yapilmistir. Yapilan analizler sonucunda, sinif ogretmenlerinin OOEHG olceginden aldiklari puanlar arasinda cinsiyet degiskeni acisindan anlamli bir fark bulunmazken, mezun olunan bolum ve yas degiskenleri acisindan anlamli fark bulunmustur. Gorusme sonuclarina gore sinif ogretmenleri okul oncesi egitimini onemli bulmakta, okul oncesi egitiminin yayginlastirilmasi ile ilgili calismalari desteklemektedir. Ayrica calisma kapsaminda sinif ogretmenlerinin okul oncesi egitim ile ilgili eksik bulduklari uygulamalar ve okul oncesi egitim hakkindaki beklentileri de sunulmustur. Anahtar Kelimeler: sinif ogretmenleri; gorus; okul oncesi; ilkogretime gecis sureci
Energy barriers for point-defect reactions in 3C-SiC

Energy barriers of the key annealing reactions of neutral and charged point defects in SiC are calculated with ab initio density functional theory methods. In order to effectively search for the lowest energy migration paths the preliminary path is first established based on ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The energy barrier of each hop is then calculated via climbing image nudged elastic band methods for paths guided by the AIMD simulations. The final paths and barriers are determined by comparing different pathways. The annealing reactions have important implications in understanding the amorphization, recovery, and other aspects of the radiation response of SiC. The results are compared with the literature data and experimental results on SiC recovery and amorphization. We propose that the C interstitial and Si antisite annealing reaction may provide a critical barrier that governs both the recovery stage III and amorphization processes.
Five-factor model of personality and employee absence

The present study investigates the degree to which dimensions of the 5-factor model of personality (often termed the Big Five) are related to absence. On the basis of previous descriptions of the Big Five traits and drawing from prior research, the authors hypothesized that neuroticism and extroversion would positively predict absence and conscientiousness would negatively predict absence. Also, they hypothesized that absence history (absence proneness), measured by the absence that occurred the year prior to the study, would partly mediate the relationship between the personality characteristics and subsequent absenteeism. Data were collected from a sample of 89 university employees. Results suggest that extraversion and conscientiousness predicted absenteeism and that part, but not all, of the relationship between these traits and absence was mediated through absence history. A recent trend in organizationa l research is dispositional explanations for the attitudes individuals display at work and their subsequent effects on employee behavior. This body of research has led to renewed debate over the relative effects of dispositional versus situational variables on work attitudes, roles, and behaviors. Therefore, whereas some argue that dispositional constructs are relevant to understanding human behavior (House, Shane, & Herold, 1996), others suggest that situational variables are more useful predictors of people's attitudes and behaviors in organizationa l settings and that the search for dispositional effects likely will prove unproductive
A unified FEM – BEM approach for electro – magnetostatics and time-harmonic eddy-current problems

Abstract. In this paper we consider a unified approach for solving the electro-magnetostatics problem and the eddy current problem in terms of suitable potentials. A new variational formulation is proposed, in which standard results of potential theory are used to reduce the problem in the external domain to an integral equation on the boundary of the conductor. The existence and uniqueness of the solution is proved, by showing that the associated sesquilinear form is coercive. A numerical approximation scheme, based on nodal finite elements in the conductor and boundary elements on its boundary, is devised and proved to be convergent. It is also shown that the solution of the time-harmonic eddy current problem tends to the solution of the electro-magnetostatics problem as the frequency tends to 0. The same convergence holds, uniformly with respect to the mesh size, for the finite element solutions.
EVALUATION OF THE PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF THE PRINCIPAL GROWTH STAGES OF THE HUMAN BODY AND THEIR INTERPRETATION

Pornind de la rezultatele obţinute in cadrul studiului nostru anterior [1], lucrarea de faţă prezintă: a) caracteristicile specifice statisticilor existente de volum inalt ale proceselor de crestere, b) un criteriu propus pentru evaluarea compatibilităţii modelelor teoretice in raport cu datele experimentale studiate, c) rezultatele obţinute prin analiza datelor statisticilor de volum inalt privind procesele de crestere, comparate cu rezultatele găsite cu ajutorul datelor furnizate de anumite statistici de volum restrâns privind aceste procese (de crestere).
Long-term analysis of carbon dioxide and methane column-averaged mole fractions retrieved from SCIAMACHY

Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) are the two most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases contributing to global climate change. SCIAMACHY onboard ENVISAT (launch 2002) was the first and is now with TANSO onboard GOSAT (launch 2009) one of only two satellite instruments currently in space whose measurements are sensitive to CO 2 and CH 4 concentration changes in the lowest atmospheric layers where the variability due to sources and sinks is largest. We present long-term SCIAMACHY retrievals (2003–2009) of column-averaged dry air mole fractions of both gases (denoted XCO 2 and XCH 4 ) derived from absorption bands in the near-infrared/shortwave-infrared (NIR/SWIR) spectral region focusing on large-scale features. The results are obtained using an upgraded version (v2) of the retrieval algorithm WFM-DOAS including several improvements, while simultaneously maintaining its high processing speed. The retrieved mole fractions are compared to global model simulations (CarbonTracker XCO 2 and TM5 XCH 4 ) being optimised by assimilating highly accurate surface measurements from the NOAA/ESRL network and taking the SCIAMACHY averaging kernels into account. The comparisons address seasonal variations and long-term characteristics. The steady increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide primarily caused by the burning of fossil fuels can be clearly observed with SCIAMACHY globally. The retrieved global annual mean XCO 2 increase agrees with CarbonTracker within the error bars (1.80±0.13 ppm yr −1 compared to 1.81±0.09 ppm yr −1 ). The amplitude of the XCO 2 seasonal cycle as retrieved by SCIAMACHY, which is 4.3±0.2 ppm for the Northern Hemisphere and 1.4±0.2 ppm for the Southern Hemisphere, is on average about 1 ppm larger than for CarbonTracker. An investigation of the boreal forest carbon uptake during the growing season via the analysis of longitudinal gradients shows good agreement between SCIAMACHY and CarbonTracker concerning the overall magnitude of the gradients and their annual variations. The analysis includes a discussion of the relative uptake strengths of the Russian and North American boreal forest regions. The retrieved XCH 4 results show that after years of stability, atmospheric methane has started to rise again in recent years which is consistent with surface measurements. The largest increase is observed for the tropics and northern mid- and high-latitudes amounting to about 7.5±1.5 ppb yr −1 since 2007. Due care has been exercised to minimise the influence of detector degradation on the quantitative estimate of this anomaly.
History of pain research and management in Canada

Scattered accounts of the treatment of pain by aboriginal Canadians are found in the journals of the early explorers and missionaries. French and English settlers brought with them the remedies of their home countries. The growth of medicine through the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly in Europe, was mirrored in the practice and treatment methods of Canadians and Americans. In the 19th century, while Americans learned about causalgia and the pain of wounds, Canadian insurrections were much less devastating than the United States Civil War. By the end of that century, a Canadian professor working in the United States, Sir William Osler, was responsible for a standard textbook of medicine with a variety of treatments for painful illnesses. Yet pain did not figure in the index of that book. The modern period in pain research and management can probably be dated to the 20 years before the founding of the International Association for the Study of Pain. Pride of place belongs to The management of pain by John Bonica, published in Philadelphia in 1953 and based upon his work in Tacoma and Seattle. Ideas about pain were evolving in Canada in the 1950s with Donald Hebb, Professor of Psychology at McGill University in Montreal, corresponding with the leading American neurophysiologist, George H Bishop. Hebb's pupil Ronald Melzack engaged in studies of early experiences in relation to pain and, joining with Patrick Wall at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, published the 1965 paper in Science that revolutionized thinking. Partly because of this early start with prominent figures and partly because of its social system in the organization of medicine, Canada became a centre for a number of aspects of pain research and management, ranging from pain clinics in Halifax, Kingston and Saskatoon - which were among the earliest to advance treatment of pain - to studying the effects of implanted electrodes for neurosurgery. Work in Toronto by Moldofsky and Smythe was probably responsible for turning ideas about fibromyalgia from the quaint concept of 'psychogenic rheumatism' into the more fruitful avenue of empirical exploration of brain function, muscle tender points and clinical definition of disease. Tasker and others in Toronto made important advances in the neurophysiology of nociception by the thalamus and cingulate regions. Their work continues while a variety of basic and clinical studies are advancing knowledge of fundamental mechanisms, including work by Henry and by Sawynok on purines; by Salter and by Coderre on spinal cord mechanisms and plasticity; by Katz on postoperative pain; by several workers on children's pain; and by Bushnell and others in Montreal on cerebral imaging. Such contributions reflect work done in a country that would not want to claim that its efforts are unique, but would hope to be seen as maintaining some of the best standards in the developed world.