Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic Torque and Force Analysis of Toroidal Field Coil Using Numerical and Experimental Results Applicable to Tokamak Reactors

A toroidal field coil (TFC) is composed of several individual toroidal coils (ITCs), which are connected in series and distributed in the toroidal and symmetrical forms. This paper presents the analytical equations of mutual inductance and electromagnetic torque of the TFC that are applicable to Tokamak reactors. The analytical equations of translational forces, which are imposed on the ITCs of the TFC, are also discussed in this paper. These equations are based on those formulated by Neumann. The numerical analysis of the integrations resulting from these equations is solved using the extended three-point Gaussian algorithm. The results obtained from the numerical simulation agree with the empirical results and the virtual work theorem, which indicates the reliability of the presented equations. The behavior of the mutual inductance of the coil shows that the maximum stored energy is obtained when the electromagnetic torque is zero and vice versa.
What is the Impact of Successful Cyberattacks on Target Firms?

We examine which firms are targets of cyberattacks and how they are affected. We find that cyberattacks cause firms to reassess the risks that they are exposed to and their consequences, so that they have real effects on firm policies even when targets are not financially constrained. Cyberattacks are more likely to occur at more visible firms, firms with more intangible assets, and firms with less board attention to risk management. Attacks where personal financial information is appropriated are associated with a negative stock-market reaction, a decrease in sales growth for large firms and retail firms, an increase in leverage, a deterioration in financial health, and a decrease in investment in the short run. Firms further respond to cyberattacks by reducing CEO bonuses and risk-taking incentives and by strengthening their risk management.
Codage par latence et STDP : des stratégies temporelles pour expliquer le traitement visuel rapide

La theorie du traitement visuel rapide se base sur un codage par latence de l'information visuelle, et explique ainsi sa rapidite. Nous demontrons dans cette these qu'un mecanisme de plasticite synaptique dependant des temps de decharges, la STDP, permet, au sein de cette theorie, d'expliquer la formation de selectivites neuronales a meme de produire des reponses rapides et selectives. Par STDP, un neurone va concentrer ses poids synaptiques sur les entrees les plus precoces, une loi qui se traduit au niveau des populations par l'emergence de representations inspirees de la voie ventrale, lorsque le systeme est expose a des images naturelles. Nous montrons de plus, par une experience de psychophysique, que le traitement visuel rapide est non seulement precis mais qu'il presente aussi une quasi-invariance a la rotation des images.
Cervical cancer screening in the United States and the Netherlands: a tale of two countries.

CONTEXT This article compares cervical cancer screening intensity and cervical cancer mortality trends in the United States and the Netherlands to illustrate the potential of cross-national comparative studies. We discuss the lessons that can be learned from the comparison as well as the challenges in each country to effective and efficient screening. METHODS We used nationally representative data sources in the United States and the Netherlands to estimate the number of Pap smears and the cervical cancer mortality rate since 1950. The following questions are addressed: How do differences in intensity of Pap smear use between the countries translate into differences in mortality trends? Can population coverage rates (the proportion of eligible women who had a Pap smear within a specified period) explain the mortality trends better than the total intensity of Pap smear use? FINDINGS Even though three to four times more Pap smears per woman were conducted in the United States than in the Netherlands over a period of three decades, the two countries' mortality trends were quite similar. The five-year coverage rates for women aged thirty to sixty-four were quite comparable at 80 to 90 percent. Because screening in the Netherlands was limited to ages thirty to sixty, screening rates for women under thirty and over sixty were much higher in the United States. These differences had consequences for age-specific mortality trends. The relatively good coverage rate in the Netherlands can be traced back to a nationwide invitation system based on municipal population registries. While both countries followed a "policy cycle" involving evidence review, surveillance of screening practices and outcomes, clinical guidelines, and reimbursement policies, the components of this cycle were more systematically linked and implemented nationwide in the Netherlands than in the United States. To a large extent, this was facilitated by a public health model of screening in the Netherlands, rather than a medical services model. CONCLUSIONS Cross-country studies like ours are natural experiments that can produce insights not easily obtained from other types of study. The cervical cancer screening system in the Netherlands seems to have been as effective as the U.S. system but used much less screening. Adequate coverage of the female population at risk seems to be of central importance.
Internet Users' Information Privacy Concerns (IUIPC): The Construct, the Scale, and a Causal Model

The lack of consumer confidence in information privacy has been identified as a major problem hampering the growth of e-commerce. Despite the importance of understanding the nature of online consumers' concerns for information privacy, this topic has received little attention in the information systems community. To fill the gap in the literature, this article focuses on three distinct, yet closely related, issues. First, drawing on social contract theory, we offer a theoretical framework on the dimensionality of Internet users' information privacy concerns (IUIPC). Second, we attempt to operationalize the multidimensional notion of IUIPC using a second-order construct, and we develop a scale for it. Third, we propose and test a causal model on the relationship between IUIPC and behavioral intention toward releasing personal information at the request of a marketer. We conducted two separate field surveys and collected data from 742 household respondents in one-on-one, face-to-face interviews. The results of this study indicate that the second-order IUIPC factor, which consists of three first-order dimensions--namely, collection, control, and awareness--exhibited desirable psychometric properties in the context of online privacy. In addition, we found that the causal model centering on IUIPC fits the data satisfactorily and explains a large amount of variance in behavioral intention, suggesting that the proposed model will serve as a useful tool for analyzing online consumers' reactions to various privacy threats on the Internet.
Entanglement and separability of quantum harmonic oscillator systems at finite temperature

In the present paper we study the entanglement properties of thermal (a.k.a. Gibbs) states of quantum harmonic oscillator systems as functions of the Hamiltonian and the temperature. We prove the physical intuition that at sufficiently high temperatures the thermal state becomes fully separable and we deduce bounds on the critical temperature at which this happens. We show that the bound becomes tight for a wide class of Hamiltonians with sufficient translation symmetry. We find, that at the crossover the thermal energy is of the order of the energy of the strongest normal mode of the system and quantify the degree of entanglement below the critical temperature. Finally, we discuss the example of a ring topology in detail and compare our results with previous work in an entanglement-phase diagram.
Modulation of Transcriptional Regulation by LEF-1 in Response to Wnt-1 Signaling and Association with β-Catenin

ABSTRACT Wnt signaling is thought to be mediated via interactions between β-catenin and members of the LEF-1/TCF family of transcription factors. Here we study the mechanism of transcriptional regulation by LEF-1 in response to a Wnt-1 signal under conditions of endogenous β-catenin in NIH 3T3 cells, and we examine whether association with β-catenin is obligatory for the function of LEF-1. We find that Wnt-1 signaling confers transcriptional activation potential upon LEF-1 by association with β-catenin in the nucleus. By mutagenesis, we identified specific residues in LEF-1 important for interaction with β-catenin, and we delineated two transcriptional activation domains in β-catenin whose function is augmented in specific association with LEF-1. Finally, we show that a Wnt-1 signal and β-catenin association are not required for the architectural function of LEF-1 in the regulation of the T-cell receptor α enhancer, which involves association of LEF-1 with a different cofactor, ALY. Thus, LEF-1 can assume diverse regulatory functions by association with different proteins.
Clinical Outcomes of 5358 Patients Undergoing Direct Open Bypass or Endovascular Treatment for Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose To examine clinical outcomes of endovascular and open bypass treatment for aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD). Methods Multiple databases were systematically searched to identify studies on open and endovascular treatment for AIOD published from 1989 to 2010. Studies were independently reviewed for eligibility criteria. Study selection and assessment of methodological quality were performed by two independent reviewers. Assuming between-study heterogeneity due to biases inherent to observational studies, a random effects model (DerSimonian-Laird method) was used for calculation of weighted proportions. Pooled weighted proportions or weighted means are reported. Twenty-nine open bypass studies (3733 patients) and 28 endovascular treatment studies (1625 patients) were analyzed. Results Weighted mean patient age was 60.4 years for open bypass and 60.8 years for endovascular treatment. Poor preoperative runoff was greater in the open bypass group (50.0% vs. 24.6%, p<0.001). Mean length of hospital stay (LOS) was 13 days for open bypass vs. 4 days for endovascular treatment procedures (p<0.001). The open bypass group experienced more complications (18.0% vs. 13.4%, p<0.001) and greater 30-day mortality (2.6% vs. 0.7%, p<0.001). At 1, 3, and 5 years, pooled primary patency rates were greater in the open bypass group vs. the endovascular cohort (94.8% vs. 86.0%, 86.0% vs. 80.0%, 82.7% vs. 71.4%, respectively; all p<0.001); the same was true for secondary patency [95.7% vs. 90.0% (p=0.002), 91.5 vs. 86.5% (p<0.001), and 91.0% vs. 82.5% (p<0.001), respectively]. Conclusion Although this study was limited by a paucity of randomized control trials, these results demonstrate superior durability for open bypass, although with longer LOS and increased risk for complications and mortality, when compared to the endovascular approach.
The Impact of Epigenetics on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology

Changes in epigenetic marks are known to be important regulatory factors in stem cell fate determination and differentiation. In the past years, the investigation of the epigenetic regulation of stem cell biology has largely focused on embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Contrarily, less is known about the epigenetic control of gene expression during differentiation of adult stem cells (AdSCs). Among AdSCs, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most investigated stem cell population because of their enormous potential for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In this review, we analyze the main studies addressing the epigenetic changes in MSC landscape during in vitro cultivation and replicative senescence, as well as follow osteocyte, chondrocyte, and adipocyte differentiation. In these studies, histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and miRNA expression are among the most investigated phenomena. We describe also epigenetic changes that are associated with in vitro MSC trans‐differentiation. Although at the at initial stage, the epigenetics of MSCs promise to have profound implications for stem cell basic and applied research. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2393–2401, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Relationship of Organizational Commitment by Perceived Organizational Justice and Perceived Organizational Health on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Employees in Melli Bank and Saderat Bank of Iran, Shushtar Branches

The focus on organizational health means “to focus on the future success of the organization”. Therefore, the main purpose of the present research is to study the effect of organizational health and organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior with the mediating role of organizational commitment in two private and public sectors. Methodology: The statistics population of the study includes the employees of Melli Bank and Saderat Bank of Iran (Shushtar Branches) and the study sample includes 63 individuals from the private sector and 50 individuals from the public sector that have been selected through random stratified sampling method via Morgan and Jersey’s table. The data has been gathered through field method and questionnaire. The structural equation modeling method and partial least square method via PLS statistic software has been utilized for analyzing the gathered data. Results: The results of fitness indexes of conceptual model show that the research model is fitted properly. Conclusion: The analyzes have shown that the organizational commitment variable has the mediating role in the relationship between organizational health and organizational justice with organizational citizenship behavior in both statistics population; the organizational justice act as the mediating role only in the Saderat Bank branches(private sector) in the relationship of organizational health and organizational citizenship behavior.
Diagnostic significance of CK19, RET, galectin-3 and HBME-1 expression for papillary thyroid carcinoma

Aims To evaluate CK19, RET, galectin-3 and HBME-1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to evaluate their diagnostic significance. Methods 155 PTC specimens and 83 other diseased-thyroid specimens were collected. Immunohistochemistry for CK19, RET, galectin-3 and HBME-1 was performed. Results The 155 PTC cases were classified into eight variants according to the WHO classification, including 74 cases of classic PTC, 40 cases of papillary microcarcinoma, and rare variants. CK19, RET, galectin-3 and HBME-1 expression was 87.1% (135/155), 71.0% (110/155), 91.6% (142/155), and 95.5% (148/155), respectively, for the PTC group; expression of all these markers was much higher than that in the control group (p<0.05). However, the expression of these markers did not differ among the variants (p>0.05). The expression of these markers, particularly CK19 and RET, was diffuse and strong in the papillary structure of PTC, but weak and focal in the papilla of tissue with benign disease. The expression of CK19 in follicular PTC was significantly higher than in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) (p<0.05). Conclusions CK19, RET, galectin-3 and HBME-1 expression in PTC was higher than that in benign disease cases, but these were not specific markers for PTC. In summary, combining markers can increase the reliability and differential diagnosis of PTC. It is also worth noting that CK19 was very useful not only for the differentiation of benign and malignant papillary structure but also for the differential diagnosis of follicular PTC and FTC.
Critical Factors Towards Philanthropic Dimension Of CSR in The Nigerian Financial Sector: The Mediating Effects Of Cultural Influence

The purpose of the study is to examine the leading factors towards philanthropic dimension of corporate social responsibility in the Nigerian financial sector. The need to build corporate image, prompt managers towards prioritizing the philanthropic dimension of CSR. Satisfaction of stakeholder needs to reduce the pressure exerted on managers’ leads also to the assumption of more philanthropic activities. Within these set of circumstances, the objective of the study is to explore the possible predictive factors leading towards prioritization of philanthropic dimension of CSR by managers of the Nigerian financial sector. This study examined the relationships between philanthropic dimension of CSR, corporate image, stakeholder pressure and cultural influence. A total of 173 managers from the Nigerian financial sector responded to the survey instruments administered which later on was analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling. The results revealed that corporate image and stakeholder pressure are influencing factors towards prioritization of the the philanthropic dimension of CSR, and are mediated by the role of cultural influence in the Nigerian context. This study highlights the prioritization of philanthropic dimension of CSR by managers of the Nigerian financial sector with respect to cultural influence and predictive factors like building a corporate image and reducing pressures from stakeholders
Patient Related Outcomes for Dental Implant Therapy with Fixed Prostheses: A Systematic Review

Aim: To explore the available literature compiling studies that discuss patient related outcomes in terms of function and comfort for dental implants with fixed restorations. Materials and Methods: To identify studies relevant to the field of patient related outcomes in terms of function and comfort for treatment with dental implants in fixed restorations, literature review search was done via PubMed, Scopus, Ovid and Cochrane. Review articles were searched for any related studies that could be included in this systematic review. Results: 107 studies were initially identified from the search; 13 studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for this systematic review. The analysis of the data related to comfort shows that the patients’ satisfaction ranged between 75.3% to 99.5% with an average of 90.8% and a standard error (SE) of ±2.6. Data analysis of the perception of function’s improvement showed that patients’ satisfaction ranged between 69.9% to 100% with an average of 92.1% and a standard error (SE) of ±2.4. Conclusion: The results indicate that the patient’s satisfaction in terms of function and comfort for treatment with dental implants and fixed restorations is relatively high and this is an acceptable modality of treatment. Further standardized studies with larger sample sizes and standardized evaluation scales are recommended.
Criticality of electrical safety for medical devices

Every department that has “ownership” of biomedical devices must designate one or more persons to be responsible for device control. Everyone that uses a biomedical device in the course of their work is part of the safety process too. Here's how Devices cannot be put into service until completion of an initial safety test and they cannot stay in service if they are past due for preventive maintenance or inspection. The test procedures are designed to find out if equipment has deteriorated from its original design specification. In many cases this specification and the appropriate test method are set out in British Standards. It will be safe to test equipment to those standards by the test method specified in the relevant standard. A life case study was carried out on a very common and widely used syringe pumps malfunction and a major cause of patient/user electrical safety with analysis a pilot was run and huge important reason to avoid patient risk was observed. The objective of the Study is to find out the prevalence of health hazards in the local hospital of my area and awareness level in the health care professionals to establish best practices and process.
Araldite F as injection material for quantitative morphology of cerebral vascularization

This study deals with the applicability of Araldite F as injection medium for quantitative morphology of the cerebral vascularization. The physical properties of the plastic that are essential for obtaining optimal results have been determined and tested by injection into the cerebral vessels of ten dog brains and five human brains. The dynamic viscosity (at 20°C) of the plastic is 1.5 times that of blood. The polymerization time (±45 min) is long enough to fill the whole vascular tree in a large organ such as the human brain. The plastic shows minimal volume shrinkage (3.90% ± 0.05%), and the final cast is suitable for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation after corrosion and histological morpho‐metrical examination after embedding in 2‐hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate (GMA). Special attention has been paid to the conditions under which injection of Araldite F into the cerebral arteries must take place to obtain the most accurate quantitative data on cerebral vascularization and vascular area distribution. Simultaneous injection of the major cerebral arteries of fresh autopsy material, after having removed blood clots by perfusing Kabikinase, is recommended.
Development and Validation of an Oligonucleotide Microarray for Detection of Multiple Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT An oligonucleotide microarray detecting 189 Escherichia coli virulence genes or markers and 30 antimicrobial resistance genes was designed and validated using DNA from known reference strains. This microarray was confirmed to be a powerful diagnostic tool for monitoring emerging E. coli pathotypes and antimicrobial resistance, as well as for environmental, epidemiological, and phylogenetic studies including the evaluation of genome plasticity.
Cultural factors influencing the mental health of Asian Americans.

Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial group in the United States.They are also one of the most diverse, including at least 43 different ethnicgroups who speak more than 100 languages and dialects(box 1). The Asian Americanpopulation in the United States has grown from fewer than 1 million (0.5% ofthe total US population) in 1960 to 7.2 million (2.9%) in 1990, to 10,242,998(3.7%) in 2000. This number is expected to double by 2025. Approximately 7.2million (70.7%) Asian Americans are foreign born, and Asian immigrants accountfor 2.6% of the total USpopulation.3 Box 1 Distribution of the Asian American/Pacific Islander population bysubgroup reporting only one race in2000*
High-level resistance to (-) enantiomeric 2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine in vitro is due to one amino acid substitution in the catalytic site of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase

Passage of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the presence of increasing 2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) concentrations results in high-level (> 100-fold) 3TC-resistant viruses. All 3TC-resistant viruses possess a substitution at the second codon (from a methionine into an isoleucine) at position 184 within the highly conserved motif (YMDD) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. 3TC-resistant viruses were cross-resistant to the (-) enantiomer of the fluorinated derivative of BCH-189 but remained susceptible to 2',3'-dideoxyinosine and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine. The susceptibilities of the 3TC-resistant viruses to the (+) enantiomers of BCH-189 and the fluorinated derivative of BCH-189 demonstrate an enantiomeric specificity for viruses selected under these conditions. Introduction of an isoleucine substitution at codon 184 into a background of two known 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine resistance mutations (amino acids 41 and 215) restored the susceptibility of this virus to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.