Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Standards of Psychosocial Care for Parents of Children With Cancer

Parents and caregivers of children with cancer are both resilient and deeply affected by the child's cancer. A systematic review of published research since 1995 identified 138 studies of moderate quality indicating that parent distress increases around diagnosis, then returns to normal levels. Post‐traumatic symptoms are common. Distress may be impairing for vulnerable parents and may impact a child's coping and adjustment. Moderate quality evidence and expert consensus informed a strong recommendation for parents and caregivers to receive early and ongoing assessment of their mental health needs with access to appropriate interventions facilitated to optimize parent, child, and family well being. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antibiotic Administration Early in Life Impairs Specific Humoral Responses to an Oral Antigen and Increases Intestinal Mast Cell Numbers and Mediator Concentrations

ABSTRACT In this study, we assessed the effect of administering the antibiotic amoxicillin to rat pups on the immune response to orally fed ovalbumin (OVA). We first established that amoxicillin administration durably altered the gut microbiota of these animals. In parallel, we observed that the induction of the specific humoral response to ovalbumin was impaired when it occurred during antibiotic administration to the rat pups. We also examined the consequences of those observations on further allergic reactions. Amoxicillin administration had no significant impact on subsequent sensitization to OVA, as nonexacerbated systemic allergic responses were induced in antibiotic-treated animals. However, increased rat mast cell protease II levels and higher mast cell numbers were detected in their small intestines, independently of the antigen administration. Globally, our data suggest that antibiotic administration early in life negatively affects the specific immune response to a luminal antigen when it is first introduced during antibiotic administration. The increased mast cell numbers and mediator concentrations in the intestinal mucosae of the antibiotic-treated animals may testify to the early stages of an altered immune system homeostasis.
Quantitative chromatographic methods. 5. An improved ninhydrin-hydrindantin reagent.

An improved ninhydrin–hydrindantin reagent has been developed for the quantitative determination of amino acids and peptides separated on filter paper chromatograms. This represents a modification of a reagent described earlier, which was based in turn upon the well-known solution of Moore and Stein. The present reagent has been in use for several years and has shown the advantages of high stability, extremely low and steady reagent blank values, and approximately stoichiometric yields of Ruhemann's purple for most amino acids. In addition to its use for determinations on excised areas from filter paper chromatograms, conditions are defined for the use of the reagent for determinations of amino acids in solutions.
Caries risk profiles in schoolchildren over 2 years assessed by Cariogram.

BACKGROUND Caries risk assessment is an important tool in clinical decision making. AIM To evaluate longitudinal changes in caries risk profiles in a group of schoolchildren in relation to caries development. DESIGN The Cariogram model was used to create caries risk profiles and to identify risk factors in 438 children being 10-11 years at baseline. The assessment was repeated after 2 years and the caries increment was recorded. The frequency of unfavourable risk factors were compared between those considered at the lowest and the highest risk. RESULTS Fifty percent of the children remained in the same risk category after 2 years. One third of the children were assessed in a higher-risk category while 18.4% showed a lower risk. Those with increased risk compared with baseline developed significantly more caries than those with an unchanged risk category. The most frequent unfavourable risk factors among those with high risk at baseline were high-salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts as well as frequent meals. CONCLUSION Half of the children showed a changed risk category after 2 years, for better or for worse, which suggests that regular risk assessments are needed in order to make appropriate decisions on targeted preventive care and recall intervals.
"Biological restoration": root canal and coronal reconstruction.

UNLABELLED Anterior tooth fracture, as a result of traumatic injuries, frequently occurs in dentistry. Proper reconstruction of extensively damaged teeth can be achieved through the fragment reattachment procedure known as "Biological Restoration. " This case report refers to the esthetics and functional recovery of extensively damaged central maxillary incisors through the preparation and adhesive cementation of "Biological Posts and Crowns" in a young patient. Both biological posts and crowns--post and dental fragment obtained through natural, extracted teeth from another individual--represent a low-cost option and alternative technique for the morphofunctional recovery of extensively damaged anterior teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The biological restorations are an alternative technique for reconstruction of extensively damaged teeth that provides highly functional and esthetic outcomes.
On the evolution of corewar warriors

This paper analyzes corewar, a very peculiar computer game popular in mid 80's where different programs fight in the memory of a virtual computer. The /spl mu/GP, an evolutionary assembly-program generator, is used to evolve efficient programs, and the game is exploited to evaluate new evolutionary techniques. The paper introduces a new migration model that exploits the polarization effect and a new hierarchical coarse-grained approach applicable whenever the final goal can be seen as a combination of semi-independent sub goals. Additionally, two very general enhancements are proposed. Analyzed techniques are orthogonal and broadly applicable to different real-life contexts. Experimental results show that all these techniques are able to outperform a previous approach.
Physical Abuse of Older Adults in Nursing Homes: A Random Sample Survey of Adults With an Elderly Family Member in a Nursing Home

Few empirical studies have focused on elder abuse in nursing home settings. The present study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of staff physical abuse among elderly individuals receiving nursing home care in Michigan. A random sample of 452 adults with elderly relatives, older than 65 years, and in nursing home care completed a telephone survey regarding elder abuse and neglect experienced by this elder family member in the care setting. Some 24.3% of respondents reported at least one incident of physical abuse by nursing home staff. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the importance of various risk factors in nursing home abuse. Limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs), older adult behavioral difficulties, and previous victimization by nonstaff perpetrators were associated with a greater likelihood of physical abuse. Interventions that address these risk factors may be effective in reducing older adult physical abuse in nursing homes. Attention to the contextual or ecological character of nursing home abuse is essential, particularly in light of the findings of this study.
EFFECTS OF HIGH pH ON UNIONIZED AMMONIA AND THEIR COMBINED EFFECTS ON THE STRESS PHYSIOLOGY OF STEELHEAD TROUT, Oncorhynchus mykiss, REARED IN RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS (short communication)

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pH on ammonia and their combined effects on the stress response of steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Stress levels were studied by monitoring both primary and secondary stress responses. It was found that fish subjected to higher levels of pH and ammonia exhibited increased levels of stress. This was demonstrated through primary physiological stress response, plasma cortisol, and secondary physiological stress response, plasma glucose and blood hematocrit. It was concluded that careful regulation of pH and ammonia in the recirculating aquaculture system could relieve excessive stress allowing the fish for better survival and growth.
Engaging in Distancing Tactics Among Sport Fans: Effects on Self-Esteem and Emotional Responses

Abstract The authors examined the effects of distancing tactics on self-esteem and emotions, following a win or loss of one's favorite team. They measured state self-esteem and emotional responses of basketball fans as they exited the sport arena after their team had won or lost an official game. Half of the fans were given the opportunity to increase or decrease their association with the team before the measures of self-esteem and emotions; the remaining fans were given the opportunity after the measures. The fans tended to associate more with the team after team success than after team failure. In addition, self-esteem and positive emotions were higher, and negative emotions lower, when measured after, rather than before, the opportunity to increase or decrease association with the team. Those effects were more pronounced among high-team-identification fans than among low-team-identification fans. The results suggest a distinction between the short- and long-term effects of game outcome on the willingness to associate with one's team. In the short term, willingness to associate with the team may oscillate in accordance with team performance, even among high-team-identification fans; in the long term, only high-team-identification fans may maintain their allegiance to the team.
16 Malnutrition and Inflammation

The relationship between nutrition and immune function is being widely recognized, although its study is relatively recent. The 1968 World Health Organisation monograph about “Interactions between Nutrition and Infection” presented the mechanisms linking infection and poor nutritional status. Following the development of immunology as a science, increasing evidence was obtained as well to show how undernutrition impaired resistance to infections and the immune response. It was initially recognized that deficits in certain micronutrients (like vitamins and minerals) had a direct impact on immune function. But the relationship between immune function and nutrition extends far beyond that, and the term immunonutrition has been coined. We are now aware of many conditions of nutritional imbalance (not all necessarily linked to nutritional deficiencies) that lead to impaired immune response. For instance, it is currently believed that nutrition is a key factor in the onset and development of many types of cancer, or that the dietary component of atherosclerosis risk can directly influence immune cells and the inflammatory response; certain nutrients, like seed and fish oils have been shown to respectively induce the release of proand anti-inflammatory mediators. Accordingly, the idea of undernutrition has been replaced by that of malnutrition, meaning that inappropriate nutrition or nutritional imbalance per se, whether it implies a nutrient deficit or not, influences immune function. That is the reason why overnutrition, or an excessive energy intake, is also now considered as malnutrition. In this chapter we will discuss three paradigmatic cases of malnutrition that have a strong immune and inflammatory impact: anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), as examples of severe undernutrition; obesity, also referred to as overnutrition; and celiac disease (CD), a pathological reaction of the body to a particular type of nutrients that leads to malnutrition. Although these nutrition-related diseases have different origins (psychological for eating disorders, modifiable lifestyle factors for obesity and autoimmune for CD), they all have in common to present an important inflammatory component and to have nutritional treatment as the main therapeutic approach.
Perceived intrinsic barriers to physical activity among rural mothers.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the influence of perceived intrinsic barriers to physical activity among mothers living in rural areas. METHODS Mothers were identified through a study of child-parent dyads in the predominantly rural states of New Hampshire and Vermont. Using a telephone interview, we asked mothers (n = 1691) about their level of physical activity and assessed eight potential barriers to physical activity. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, t tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparisons for groups within each variable. We used multiple regression analysis to assess associations between perceived barriers to physical activity and self-reported levels of physical activity. RESULTS Each barrier was inversely associated with physical activity. Multivariate models that included terms for all potential barriers and covariates identified three barriers associated with lower levels of physical activity: lack of self-discipline, lack of time, and lack of interest. CONCLUSIONS Rural mothers are less likely to be physically active if they identify lack of self-discipline, time, or interest as barriers, suggesting that they have difficulty prioritizing exercise for themselves. Interventions aimed at increasing physical activity for mothers should specifically consider these barriers. One possible solution may be to support infrastructure that facilitates active living as the default option, to remove the issue of having to purposefully engage in physical activity as a separate aspect of a mother's life.
[Neonatal prognosis for breech infants delivered vaginally at the Joséphine Bongo Maternity Hospital in Libreville, Gabon].

UNLABELLED Vaginal delivery of infants in the breech position always presents a risk. OBJECTIVE To assess the neonatal prognosis of vaginal breech deliveries in an urban maternity hospital in West Africa. EQUIPMENT AND METHOD: This four-year retrospective study, from January 1996 through December 1999, examined all singleton breech deliveries at a gestational age of 32 weeks or later. Each breech delivery was compared with the two singleton births in cephalic presentation that followed. Epi Info 6.04 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS During the study period, the frequency of breech deliveries in our department was 2.7%, and 83 involved singleton births at or after 32 weeks. The average age of these mothers was 27.9 +/- 5.7 years old (versus 26.4 +/- 5.9) and ranged from 16 to 39 years (versus 16 to 43 years). Average parity was 3.4 +/- 2.2 (versus 3.2 +/- 2.4). Mean uterine height was lower for fetuses in the breech position (30.7 +/- 2.8 cm versus 31.8 +/- 2.6 cm; p=0.04). The frequency of premature deliveries was 33.5% and that of low weight babies (<2,500 g) 35.4%. Both were twice that for babies delivered in the cephalic presentation (17.5% and 17.7%). Neonatal morbidity was 8 times higher for the breech deliveries, with prematurity its main cause. The rate of instantaneous neonatal mortality was 10.8% (versus 2%), that is, 5 times greater. No clinical factors that might account for these deaths was recorded. CONCLUSION Breech delivery is a risk for newborns. Development of measures and standards for obstetric practice in Gabon would help improve its prognosis.
Aleutian Mink Disease Virus and Humans

Reports of a possible relationship between Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (AMDV) and human infection are rare. However, 2 mink farmers with vascular disease and microangiopathy similar to that in mink with Aleutian disease were found to have AMDV-specific antibodies and AMDV DNA. These findings raise the suspicion that AMDV may play a role in human disease.
Knee angle model of prosthesis for stair ascending gait detection

There are many studies of stair ascending gait in healthy subject, less information of this gait in Trans-femoral amputee which can be the predetermination of the stair ascending gait. This paper was aiming to establish the predetermination of the knee flexion angle of the TF prosthesis with the difference of stair riser and the amputee's height. The software was applied to set up the position of the hip and knee joint with two link segment model. The flexed knee angle was calculated in between two link and be interpreted the value when comparing with difference of stair riser (from 10-22 cm, 2 cm increments) and difference of amputee's height (from 150-185 cm, 1 cm increments). The result showed the value of knee angle which have greater change for the shortest in amputee's height than that of higher in height. The amputee's height was found that having more effect to the flexed knee angle rather than the change in the stair size. The evaluation of the result from this paper can be the predetermination for the prosthetic knee in detecting the stair ascending gait.
On-Line Supplement Serum Uric Acid Level , Longitudinal Blood Pressure , Renal Function and Long-term Mortality in Treated Hypertensive Patients

There are a plethora of epidemiological studies linking uric acid with incident hypertension and with cardiovascular events. Some studies have shown a sex difference in cardiovascular events with the adverse cardiovascular association of uric acid seen only in women. There is convincing evidence from animal studies that elevated uric acid has a detrimental effect on blood pressure (BP) and renal function. Administration of uric acid causes a rise in arterial BP in rat models and sustained elevation of uric acid results in salt-sensitive hypertension and irreversible renal damage characterized by both arteriolar and glomerular damage. Furthermore, the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol lowers BP in adolescents with hypertension and hyperuricemia and both allopurinol and the uricosuric drug probenecid lower BP in obese adolescents with prehypertension. A recent meta-analysis found that allopurinol lowers BP by 3/2 mm Hg in adults, although this has never been tested in a specifically designed prospective study. Despite these results, there is still debate about a causal role for uric acid and the potential cardiovascular benefits of allopurinol may reflect either uric acid reduction or other mechanisms, such as superoxide anion reduction. The association of uric acid with BP and kidney function suggests that uric acid levels may have implications in the clinical management of hypertension. The aim of this study is to determine whether baseline uric acid level, in patients attending a hypertension clinic, is associated with longitudinal BP level, renal function, and long-term cause-specific mortality in a sex-specific manner.
A pathway for predation in the brain of the barn owl (Tyto alba): Projections of the gracile nucleus to the “claw area” of the rostral wulst via the dorsal thalamus

The Wulst of birds, which is generally considered homologous with the isocortex of mammals, is an elevation on the dorsum of the telencephalon that is particularly prominent in predatory species, especially those with large, frontally placed eyes, such as owls. The Wulst, therefore, is largely visual, but a relatively small rostral portion is somatosensory in nature. In barn owls, this rostral somatosensory part of the Wulst forms a unique physical protuberance dedicated to the representation of the contralateral claw. Here we investigate whether the input to this “claw area” arises from dorsal thalamic neurons that, in turn, receive their somatosensory input from the gracile nucleus. After injections of biotinylated dextran amine into the gracile nucleus and cholera toxin B chain into the claw area, terminations from the former and retrogradely labeled neurons from the latter overlapped substantially in the thalamic nucleus dorsalis intermedius ventralis anterior. These results indicate the existence in this species of a “classical” trisynaptic somatosensory pathway from the body periphery to the telencephalic Wulst, via the dorsal thalamus, one that is likely involved in the barn owl's predatory behavior. The results are discussed in the context of somatosensory projections, primarily in this and other avian species. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:156–166, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunotherapy in multiple myeloma – possibility or probability?

In a small number of patients with multiple myeloma (MM), long‐term disease‐free survival has been achieved by harnessing the immune phenomenon, ‘graft‐versus‐tumour’ effect, induced by allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation. This has prompted many investigators to examine ways in which a patient's own immune system can be more effectively directed against their disease, with the ultimate aim of tumour eradication. In this review we assess the current understanding of immunobiology in MM, and how the different components of the immune system, such as dendritic cells, T cells and natural killer cells, may be harnessed using in‐vitro and in‐vivo priming techniques. We look at the clinical immunotherapy trials reported to date and whether, in light of the current information, immunotherapy for MM is an achievable goal.
Exercise-induced nausea is exaggerated by eating

This study was conducted to determine whether and under what circumstances exercise causes nausea. Twelve healthy volunteers (20-37 years), including six athletes, participated in the study. Subjects were studied on seven occasions. Each subject performed low and high-intensity exercise without eating, immediately after eating a beef patty and 60 min after eating. Besides these exercise experiments, effect of meal on nausea was studied in each subject for 180 min without exercise. Exercise was done on a bicycle ergometer for 60 min at 40-50% maximal heart rate reserve and 20 min at 70-80% maximal heart rate reserve. Subjects were tested for nausea by visual analogue scales. Both low and high-intensity exercise caused nausea. Scores for nausea were greater during exercise at fasting state and immediately after eating than those without exercise (p<0.05 during low-intensity exercise, and p<0.01 during high-intensity exercise). Immediately after eating, scores for nausea were greater during high-intensity exercise than during low-intensity exercise (p<0.05). During high-intensity exercise, scores for nausea were greater immediately after eating than without eating (p<0.05). There were no differences in ratings for nausea between the sexes in any of the experimental conditions. Training did not decrease exercise-induced nausea. In conclusion, exercise causes nausea, the severity of which is related to exercise intensity and food intake, but not sex differences nor physical training.