Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Keynesian Macrodynamics and the Phillips Curve: An Estimated Baseline Macromodel for the U.S. Economy

In this paper we formulate a baseline disequilibrium AS-AD model and empirically estimate it with time series data for the US-economy. The version of the model used here exhibits a Phillips-curve, a dynamic IS curve and a Taylor interest rate rule. It is based on sticky wages and prices, perfect foresight of current inflation rates and adaptive expectations concerning the inflation climate in which the economy operates. A version of Okun's law is used to link capacity utilization to employment. Our proposed nonlinear 5D model of real market dynamics overcomes anomalies of the old Neoclassical synthesis and also the rational expectations methodology of the new Neoclassical Synthesis. It resembles New Keynesian macroeconomics but permits nonclearing of markets. It exhibits typical Keynesian feedback structures with asymptotic stability of its steady state for low adjustment speeds and with loss of stability { generally by way of Hopf bifurcations { when certain adjustment speeds are made sufficiently large. We provide system estimates of our model, for quarterly time series data of the U.S. economy 1965.1-2001.1, and study the stability features of the U.S. economy with respect to its various feedback channels from an empirical perspective. Based on these estimates, which in particular imply that goods market dynamics are profit led, we find that the dynamics are strongly convergent around the steady state, if monetary policy is sufficiently active, but will lose this feature if the inflationary climate variable or the price inflation rate itself adjusts sufficiently fast. We also study to what extent more active interest rate feedback rules or downward wage rigidity can stabilize the dynamics in the large when the steady state is locally repelling. We study the economy's behavior due to faster adjustments. We find that monetary policy should allow for sufficient steady state inflation in order to avoid stability problems in areas of the phase space where wages are not flexible in a downward direction.
The Effect of Olive Leaf Extract and Α-Tocopherol on Nephroprotective Activity in Rats

The present study aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of different doses of aqueous extract of olive leaf (OLE), vitamin E and their combination on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. 54 adult healthy male rats were divided into nine groups comprising 6 animals each. Group 1 served as normal control group. All other groups (group 2 to group 9) were administered gentamicin sulphate (GS) intraperitoneal at dose 70 mg/kg body weight for 4 week daily. Group 3, 4, 5 and 6 received olive leaf extracts at doses 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/Kg/oral respectively. Group 7 received vitamin E 250 mg/Kg, whereas group 8 and 9 received vitamin E and olive leaf extracts (20 mg/Kg/oral and 40 mg/Kg/oral respectively). All the treatments were continued for 30 days. The results of the study indicated that olive leaf significantly protected the nephrotoxicity induced by Gentamisin sulphate. Serum creatinine, urea, malonaldhyde levels significantly increased as a result of nephrotoxicity in group 2. The renal antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were decreased; level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was elevated in group 2. Remarkably treatment with olive leaf extracts and vitamin E increased levels of antioxidant enzymes and decrease levels of MDA, serum creatinine and urea in all treated groups. Sodium levels were significantly reduced and elevated potassium levels in G2. According to the biochemical findings, were supported by histopathological evidences, administration of olive leaf extracts with vit. E more effective protection than their individual dose. Administration of olive leaf extract (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg) plus vitamin E (250 mg/kg) indicated better protection against GS-induced nephrotoxicity. This study concluded that olive leaf acts in the kidney as a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent the toxic effects of GS both in the biochemical and histopathological parameters. Germinated barley extract with OLE (20 mg, 40 mg) + vitamin E was showed good antioxidant properties.
Computational Modelling of the Chromatin Fiber

The packing of the genomic DNA in the living cell is essential for its biological function. While individual aspects of the genome architecture, such as DNA and nucleosome structure or the arrangement of chromosome territories are well studied, much information is missing for a unified description of cellular DNA at all its structural levels. Computer modeling can contribute to such a description. We present here two typical approaches to models of the chromatin fiber, including different amounts of detail in the description of the local nucleosome structure.
Fetal effects of maternal drug treatment. Risk assessment and communication.

7 Svensk sammanfattning 9 List of papers 11 Abbreviations 12 Introduction 15 Fetal impact of drug exposure 15 Early pregnancy 16 Mid and late pregnancy 17 Established or suspected teratogens 17 Risk assessment 19 Animal studies 19 Observational studies 20 Data resources 21 Risk communication 23 Breaking news 23 Available information resources 24 Antidepressant drugs 25 Drug categories 26 Fetal effects 27 ADHD-medication 28 Drug categories 28 Fetal effects 29 Aims 31 Methods 33 Study I: Drugs and Birth Defects – database concept 33 Workflow 33 Assessment of fetal risk 34 Statistical methods 34 Study II: Evaluation of Drugs and Birth Defects 35 Study design and data collection 35 Statistical methods 37 Study III and IV: Antidepressants and ADHD medication 37 Data sources 38 Study design 39 Drug exposure and perinatal outcomes 40 Statistical methods 43 Ethical considerations 45 Results 47 The knowledge database Drugs and Birth Defects 47
Molecular approaches in the detection and characterization of Leptospira

Conventional diagnosis of leptospirosis and characterization of Leptospira spp. relies mainly on serology. A major drawback of serology in diagnosis is that it needs sufficient levels of anti- Leptospira antibodies, thus jeopardizing confirmation in the early acute phase of disease. The cross agglutinin absorption test (CAAT) that determines Leptospira serovars is a technically demanding and laborious method and therefore is only performed at a few laboratories. Novel molecular diagnostic tests mainly rely on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR perfectly complements serological testing, since it is especially sensitive in the first 5 days after onset of symptoms. Real time PCR is rapid and has been validated for their high clinical accuracy. The introduction of molecular techniques for defining Leptospira species revolutionized the categorization of strains in this genus, as species and serogroups appeared to show little correlation. The reference test in molecular speciation is based on determining DNA homology. This approach is tedious and user-unfriendly and therefore is increasingly replaced by other techniques. To date, a wealth of molecular typing methods is available. Most attractive are those techniques that provide direct digital and electronically portable data. Such techniques comprise fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP), array typing, multilocus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) and sequence-based phylogeny, and to some extent pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is the most robust method for determining Leptospira strain diversity and in the future will probably only be surpassed by phylogeny on whole genome sequences.
X-Ray Diffraction Study of Particulate Tannery Waste Solidified in Cement

The leather industry creates a large quantity of organic and inorganic waste containing chromium. This research examines stabilization of particulate tannery waste in type II Portland cement. Several clays, Brazilian polycationic smectite modified in laboratory and commercial clays were used as additives with the aim of optimizing chromium adsorption. Tannery waste was added in quantities of 10, 15 and 20% relative to cement mass. The solidification components were analyzed separately and in combination in the solidified mixes using X ray diffraction. The analysis showed that reactions between the waste and the cement occurred, and that the tannery waste modified the final compounds of the system. Calcium sulfate present in the waste increased ettringite formation. Chromium also reacted with cement, since compounds with chromium and calcium were identified. Substitution of aluminum and silicon by chromium was also observed.
FREQUENCY LOCALIZATION PROPERTIES OF THE DENSITY MATRIX AND ITS RESULTING HYPERSPARSITY IN A WAVELET REPRESENTATION

O(N) methods are based on the localization properties of the density matrix in real space, an effect refered to as nearsightedness. We show that, in addition to this real-space localization there is also a localization in Fourier space. Using a basis set with good localization properties in both real and Fourier space such as wavelets, one can exploit both localization properties to obtain a density matrix that exhibits additional sparseness properties compared to the scenario where one has a basis set with real-space localization only. Taking advantage of this hypersparsity, it is possible to represent very large quantum-mechanical systems in a highly compact way. This can be done both for insulating and metallic systems. We expect that hypersparsity will pave the way for highly accurate O(N) calculations of large systems requiring many basis functions per atom. @S0163-1829 ~99! 02904-5#
Does God Matter? Religion in Individualistic and Collectivistic Personalities

This research project examined the extent to which an individual’s religion, or lack thereof, impacted their scores on the Individualism Collectivism Scale (Singelis, Triandis, Bhawuk, & Gelfand, 1995). This study drew 205 mostly Caucasian participants, who were diverse in terms of gender, income, and education. Data were gathered via online survey, which gathered responses to a demographic form, Religious Practices Questionnaire, and Individualism Collectivism Scale (Singelis, et al., 1995). Researchers hypothesized that: (1) Religious samples would score as more collectivistic than a secular sample; (2) Catholic and Jewish samples would emerge as more collectivistic than a Protestant sample; (3) as the frequency of public and personal religious activity, and religious centrality increases, collectivism scores would increase, and individualism scores decrease. Results indicated that Protestant participants had significantly lower individualism scores than Jewish and Catholic participants. Non-religious participants also had significantly lower collectivism scores than Protestant and Catholic participants. Implications regarding the generalizability of the results, as well as ideas for future research are discussed within the manuscript.
The Developmental Timing of Divorce and Adult Children's Romantic Relationship Quality

THE DEVELOPMENTAL TIMING OF DIVORCE AND ADULT CHILDREN’S ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP QUALITY Abigail J. Viveiros Marriage, Family and Human Development School of Family Life Master of Science Understanding the contingencies that explain whether divorce has positive or negative long-term effects for adult children is at the heart of this study. Although previous studies suggest an association between parental divorce and the divorce of adult offspring, less known is about whether the timing of divorce influences the relationship outcomes of adult children. Using a large nationally representative sample in terms of race (N=6,066), eight groups of individuals (males and females from intact homes, males and females who experienced divorce during adolescence, males and females who experienced divorce during middle childhood, and males and females who experienced divorce during preschool years) were analyzed to examine the impact of divorce and its timing on family impact, emotional regulation, and relationship quality. Findings indicate that divorce, in general, negatively influences family impact, emotional regulation, and relationship quality. However, the developmental timing of divorce does not appear to significantly alter the impact of these variables on relationship quality.
A polymorphism in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene promoter influences monounsaturated fatty acid content of Duroc × Iberian hams

Data on 74 dry-cured hams from Duroc × Iberian pigs were used to examine whether the tag polymorphism AY487830:g.2228T>C in the promoter region of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase [SCD] gene affect fat desaturation and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) as previously described in purebred Duroc hams. Samples were taken from sliced trays of dry-cured hams marketed as Jamon Iberico de cebo, which were randomly purchased from the same supplier in different stores of the same supermarket chain. Genomic DNA was isolated from each sample to genotype for SCD and gender. Also, a sample of two slices was used to determine fat content and fatty acid (FA) composition by gas chromatography. The effect of the genotype (TT and CT) and gender (barrows and gilts) was estimated under a Bayesian setting. Results showed that the SCD polymorphism was associated to fat composition but not to fat content, with TT hams showing increased C18:1n-7, C18:1n-9, C20:1n-9 and MUFA (probability between 0.92-0.98) and decreased C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6 and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) (probability between 0.91-0.99) as compared to the CT. As a result, the TT hams had more MUFA (0.95%) and a higher MUFA/PUFA ratio (0.43) than the CT. Barrows had more saturated FA (SFA) and less PUFA than gilts. No differences in MUFA content were found between genders. The SCD polymorphism had a greater impact on MUFA than using hams from barrows instead of gilts. It is concluded that the SCD polymorphism is a good tool to increase MUFA and MUFA/PUFA ratio in Duroc crossbred dry-cured hams.
Population genetics of lichen-forming fungi – a review

Abstract Population genetics investigates the distribution of genetic variation in natural populations and the genetic differentiation among populations. Lichen-forming fungi are exciting subjects for population genetic studies due to their obligate symbiosis with a green-algal and/or cyanobacterial photobiont, and because their different reproductive strategies could influence fungal genetic structures in various ways. In this review, first, I briefly summarize the results from studies of chemotype variation in populations of lichen-forming fungi. Second, I compare and evaluate the DNA-based molecular tools available for population genetics of lichen-forming fungi. Third, I review the literature available on the genetic structure of lichen fungi to show general trends. I discuss some fascinating examples, and point out directions for future research.
Effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana against cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) on different host plants.

Bemisia tabaci is an important polyphagous sucking insect pest and vector for plant diseases. Due to indiscriminate use of insecticides, whitefly has developed resistance against different groups of insecticides. There is a need of effective alternative and an environmentally safe pest management strategy. Among different management programs the use of entomopathogenic fungi, or the microbial control is ecofriendly and safe for life. This study was primarily based on the application of different isolates of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana against different life stages of B. tabaci on different host plants i.e. Gossypium hirsutum, Lycopersicum esculentum, Solanum melongena and Capsicum annum. The results showed B. bassiana isolate (Bb-01) to be the most effective with LC50 value (2.4×107 spores/ml) which caused highest mortality of eggs (65.30%) and nymphs (88.82%) with LC50 value (2.7×106 spores/ml) and LT50 5.40 at 2×108 on G. hirsutum in comparison to other hosts. In addition, the different plant hosts i.e., G. hirsutum, L. esculentum, S. melongena and C. annum affected the egg and nymphs as response was concentration dependent and mortality rates were highly significant.
Droughts in Amazonia: Spatiotemporal Variability, Teleconnections, and Seasonal Predictions

Most Amazonia drought studies have focused on rainfall deficits and their impact on river discharges, while the analysis of other important driver variables, such as temperature and soil moisture, has attracted less attention. Here we try to better understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of Amazonia droughts and associated climate teleconnections as characterized by the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), which integrates information from rainfall deficit, temperature anomalies, and soil moisture capacity. The results reveal that Amazonia droughts are most related to one dominant pattern across the entire region, followed by two seesaw kind of patterns: north‐south and east‐west. The main two modes are correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The teleconnections associated with global SST are then used to build a seasonal forecast model for PDSI over Amazonia based on predictors obtained from a sparse canonical correlation analysis approach. A unique feature of the presented drought prediction method is using only a few number of predictors to avoid excessive noise in the predictor space. Cross‐validated results show correlations between observed and predicted spatial average PDSI up to 0.60 and 0.45 for lead times of 5 and 9 months, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the region that, based on cross‐validation results, leads to appreciable forecast skills for lead times beyond 4 months. This is a step forward in better understanding the dynamics of Amazonia droughts and improving risk assessment and management, through improved drought forecasting.
1 ARG-2016-05 TRANSFORMATIONS IN DE SITTER AND LANCZOS MODELS III

In previous papers [1,2] we have studied transformations between comoving and non-comoving systems for the cosmological models of the de Sitter family. Transformations between expanding coordinates and static coordinates are well known in the literature. Based on these coordinate transformations we derive Lorentz transformations between comoving and noncomoving reference systems. We borrow the relative velocity between these reference systems from a Lorentz transformation. In the present paper, we start from the static de Sitter model, but we drop the condition of the constancy of the spatial curvature. Thus we obtain a cosmological model which includes mass density and pressure and which is an exact solution of Einstein's field equations. The model is related to the Friedman cosmos and the Melia cosmos. * e-mail: arg@aon.at, home page: http://arg.or. at/ 2
Comparative study of ultrasonography-guided percutaneous A1 pulley release versus blinded percutaneous A1 pulley release

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the results of blind versus ultrasonography-guided percutaneous A1 pulley release for treatment of trigger finger. Methods: This prospective study included 21 patients (25 fingers) who underwent blind release and 20 patients (23 fingers) who underwent ultrasonography-guided release. The visual analog scale (VAS) score, proximal interphalangeal joint contracture, complications, and patient satisfaction were compared between the groups. Results: At the final follow-up, triggering had disappeared in all patients who underwent ultrasonography-guided release, whereas three patients who underwent blind release required revision surgery for postoperative triggering. No complications were observed. VAS score was significantly different between groups at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. All patients who underwent ultrasonography-guided release were satisfied, whereas three patients who underwent blind release were not satisfied. Conclusion: Ultrasonography-guided percutaneous A1 pulley release for treatment of trigger finger reduces postoperative pain and complications, such as incomplete release, compared with a blind procedure.
Predictive Value of Adiposity Level, Metabolic Syndrome, and Insulin Resistance for the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Diagnosis in Obese Children

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in obese children. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for curing or slowing down the disease progression. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of NAFLD in this population and to identify anthropometrical and metabolic risk factors for NAFLD prediction and its development. Material and Methods The study included 108 obese children. Anthropometric measurements, NAFLD diagnosis (based on ALT level and/or liver ultrasound), and metabolic syndrome (MS) components were assessed in all patients. Patients were divided into groups with and without NAFLD. Results NAFLD was diagnosed in 49 (45%) patients with similar prevalence in boys (27; 55.10%) and girls [22 (44.9%), p = 0.089]. NAFLD patients had significantly greater waist circumference, WHR, and WHtR and significantly higher total cholesterol, triglyceride, and fasting insulin concentrations as well as higher glucose and insulin concentrations in 120 minutes of OGTT and higher HOMA-IR levels compared to group of patients without NAFLD. In NAFLD patients, MS was significantly more likely to be diagnosed than in group without NAFLD (40.82% versus 22.81%, p = 0.04), but among the MS components only hypertriglyceridemia was significantly more frequently diagnosed in the group with NAFLD (p = 0.002). Among analysed parameters the best independent risk factor for NAFLD was fasting insulin concentration with the cut-off point = 18,9 uIU/ml (AUC = 0.829). Conclusions NAFLD is a very common disease in obese children. NAFLD predictive risk factors include increased waist circumference, elevated WHR and WHtR, and elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting insulin as well as elevated glucose and insulin concentration in the OGTT and HOMA-IR index. NAFLD increases the risk of potential cardiovascular complications expressed by diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The best independent predictive risk factor for diagnosing NAFLD in obese children is fasting insulin > 18.9 uIU/ml.
Misclassification of self‐reported smoking in adult survivors of childhood cancer

We investigated misclassification rates, sensitivity, and specificity of self‐reported cigarette smoking through serum cotinine concentration (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) among 287 adult survivors of childhood cancer. Overall, 2.5–6.7% and 19.7–36.9% of the self‐reported never and past smokers had cotinine levels indicative of active smoking. Sensitivity and specificity of self‐reported smoking were 57.5–67.1% and 96.6–99.2%. Misclassification was associated with younger age (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.4–7.4), male (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.1–4.0), and past (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3–5.8) or current (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.0–6.6) marijuana use. After adjusting for tobacco‐related variables, current marijuana use remained a significant risk for misclassification. Clinicians/researchers should consider bio‐verification to measure smoking status among survivors.