Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperament Predicts Processing Speed in Low Socioeconomic Status Rural Preschoolers

— Extreme poverty all over the world is concentrated in rural settings. However, studies about cognition in low socioeconomic status (SES) children are for the most part conducted in urban populations. This paper investigates, in a poor rural sample, what are the individual and socioenvironmental variables that make the difference in performance in a processing speed task. Forty four 5-year-old children were evaluated with a processing speed task; individual and socioenvironmental information was obtained from parents’ interviews. Higher scores in the eﬀortful control dimension of temperament were associated with higher performance in the processing speed task. No other individual or socioenvironmental variable predicted the performance. These results showed that eﬀortful control is important in processing speed and suggest that in low SES rural contexts, low eﬀortful control children would require stronger interventions.
An examination of the mentoring process: A study of the interaction between mentor and mentee in the context of an adolescent mentor program

The purpose of this study is to explore the mentoring process, specifically the interactions between mentor and mentee in the context of an adolescent mentor program. The data was gathered through in depth interviews with two mentors and feedback sessions from nineteen mentee participants who were involved in a group mentoring program for young people aged 14-16 years. Several adolescent programs, conducted at local high schools, were included in the study. A qualitative methodology of constructivist hermeneutics was utilised to examine the data and link it to the literature related to the study question. The findings indicated that what occurs during the process of mentoring is multi factorial, complex and diverse. Mentoring takes place in a reciprocal way that is impacted by layered contexts. New data was gathered pertaining to the utility of several theoretical constructs that might help to explain how mentoring occurs. Implications for professionals wishing to work as mentors or wishing to implement mentoring programs are examined in this study. These include the need to recognize and comprehend mentor qualities and styles vis a vis various theoretical constructs such as role modelling, identification and inter subjectivity. Cultural, gender and developmental issues related to the process of mentoring are examined. Little research has been identified that brings the narratives of both mentor and mentee together in one study comparatively analysing them. In this regard the present study can be seen as unique and contributing something new to the literature on mentoring.
Sentinel Node Mapping: Status in 2008

Nodal staging has been a key determinant of prognosis for over a century. This has traditionally been evaluated with lymphadenectomy. However, techniques for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping have changed the approach to nodal staging for a variety of solid tumors. SLN enables more accurate staging with significantly decreased morbidity for the majority of patients. The purpose of this article is to review the history and current status of SLN.
Learning what is relevant for rewards via serial hypothesis testing

Living in a world where any object bears features in many dimensions, it is crucial but also challenging for humans to figure out what dimensions are relevant for rewards. How do humans learn from trial and error to obtain rewards when multiple (or an unknown number of) dimensions need to be taken into account, and feedback is probabilistic? In this work, we designed a paradigm tailored to study such complex but naturalistic scenarios. In the experiment, participants configured threedimensional stimuli by selecting features for each dimension and received probabilistic feedbacks. Participants demonstrated learning, selecting more rewarding features over the course of a game. To investigate their learning process, we compared three classes of learning models: a Bayesian model, reinforcement learning models and serial hypothesis testing models, and found evidence supporting the latter. This suggests that when facing complex learning scenarios with a great number of possible rules, people tend to actively test one hypothesis at a time, as opposed to evaluating all the possibilities or learning values of all features incrementally.
Nanomagnetic Particle-Based Information Processing

Understanding the physics of spintronic devices in the 3-nm size range can pave the way to next-generation energy-efficient information processing devices. To build a spin computer, a layer of 3-nm CoFe<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> O<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{4}$</tex-math></inline-formula> nanoparticles was sandwiched as a central layer into the standard spin-transfer torque magnetic tunneling junction (STT-MTJ) stack. With further focused ion beam (FIB) trimming, a dual-layer junction consisting of one or more nanoparticles separating two CoFeB ferromagnetic layers was turned into a two-terminal spintronic device. The measured room-temperature electron transport through the device showed a staircase effect reminiscent of a single electron transport, which in addition depended on the relative orientations of the magnetic states of the ferromagnetic layers and the high-anisotropy ferrimagnetic nanoparticle. Besides having the staircase steps, the V-I curve indicated switching of the nanoparticles magnetization through the STT effect at currents of above 0.05 uA. The magnetoresistance (MR) curve of this device with the magnetic field applied perpendicular to the junction had an anomalous oscillatory field dependence in a relatively low field range of below 100 Oe.
How to improve ship crew’s work effectiveness through the leadership style, work life balance and employee engagement in Indonesia national shipping

Article history: Received: July 9 2019 Received in revised format: July 19 2019 Accepted: August 21, 2019 Available online: August 21, 2019 The aim of this research is to analyze leadership style, work-life balance, and employee engagement on the ship crew’s work effectiveness of 290 ship crews. The study is performed using a sample technique through Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling taken from the population of 1050 ship crew of passengers of vessel at Port of Tanjung Priok, Jakarta, Indonesia. The study uses quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling, with the help of the Lisrel program. The result of this study shows that leadership style, work-life balance and employee engagement directly and positively influence the work effectiveness. The benefit for Indonesia National Shipping is that through the improvement of leadership style of the officers, work-life balance, and employee engagement, the Indonesia National Shipping may improve the work effectiveness of every ship crew. The findings provide a model for employee engagement and work effectiveness of national shipping ship crew. The output of this study states that every change in the quality of ship officer’s leadership style, quality of work-life balance and employee engagement directly and positively influenced the ship crew’s work effectiveness of Indonesia National Shipping. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Social Work Practice to the Benefit of Our Clients: Scholarly Legacy of Edward J. Mullen

Social work as a product of modernity shares in the fundamental ambiguity of the principles that gave rise to the development of modern societies: the emphasis on individual autonomy and freedom as a means of breaking free from imposed obligations and constraints on one hand and the demand for universal equality in recognition of the mutual dependence in organic solidarity on the other. The conflict between both contributed to the severity with which social problems manifested themselves in the epochal structural changes of society. In striving to find a scientifically grounded knowledge base for its task of promoting social solidarity under these conditions, social work oscillated between reference points in positivist science and hermeneutic approaches to understanding human interaction, thereby also striving to hold together notions of care and control. In the current political climate, resonating in popular culture, which privileges individual autonomy over principles of equality, the social work profession is in danger of becoming polarized between a predominance of control functions in interventions concerning the public sphere and the relegation of care functions to the private sphere, particularly in the form of the privatization of services and a leaning toward counseling, therapy, and coaching in that domain. This split is also affecting the production of knowledge for social work practice, in which on one hand positivist approaches to research are receiving heightened attention and seek to satisfy the demand for the achievement of predetermined goals of intervention within the framework of evidence-based practice, whereas on the other expert systems are being challenged by the articulation of knowledge based primarily on direct experience and hence expressed in self-help and user-led approaches to services. Ed Mullen's contribution to social work theory can be regarded as a proposal that seeks to overcome this split and hence confronts the crisis of modernity manifesting itself therein to allow social work to return to its essential
Reactions to Male-Favouring versus Female-Favouring Sex Differences: A Pre-Registered Experiment and Southeast Asian Replication

Two studies investigated: (1) how people react to research describing a sex difference, depending on whether that difference favours males or females; and (2) how accurately people can predict how the average man and woman will react. In Study 1, Western participants (N = 492) viewed a fictional popular-science article describing either a male-favouring or a female-favouring sex difference (i.e., men/women draw better; women/men lie more). Both sexes reacted less positively to the male-favouring differences, judging the findings to be less important, less credible, and more offensive, harmful, and upsetting. Participants predicted that the average man and woman would react more positively to sex differences favouring their own sex. This was true of the average woman, although the level of own-sex favouritism was lower than participants predicted. It was not true, however, of the average man, who – like the average woman – reacted more positively to the female-favouring differences. Study 2 replicated these findings in a Southeast Asian sample (N = 336). Our results are consistent with the idea that both sexes are more protective of women than men, but that both exaggerate the level of same-sex favouritism within each sex – a misconception that could potentially harm relations between the sexes. Link to published version: https://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/abs/10.1111/bjop.12463
Black/White Differences in Nutritional Risk Among Rural Older Adults

Abstract In order to examine race differences in nutritional risk among participants in rural home-delivered meals programs, we conducted a secondary analysis using routinely collected data on 245 participants from two rural North Carolina counties. After constructing three categories of High Nutritional Risk from the putative High Risk category of the Nutrition Screening Initiative's (NSI) DETERMINE Checklist and using adjusted logistic regression, we found black participants 3.7 times more likely than white participants to be at the highest level of nutritional risk, with a further increase in odds when economic need was present. This underscores the importance of understanding racial and cultural differences in the development and delivery of targeted and tailored nutritional services to older adults.
A trajectory mechanics approach for the study of wave propagation in an anisotropic elastic medium

We derive equations describing the path and traveltime of a coherent elastic wave propagating in an anisotropic medium, generalizing expressions from conventional high-frequency asymptotic ray theory. The methodology is valid across a broad range of frequencies and allows for subwavelength variations in the material properties of the medium. The primary difference from current ray methods is the retention of a term that is neglected in the derivation of the eikonal equation. The additional term contains spatial derivatives of the properties of the medium and of the amplitude field, and its presence couples the equations governing the evolution of the amplitude and phase along the trajectory. The magnitude of this term provides a measure of the validity of expressions based upon high-frequency asymptotic methods, such as the eikonal equation, when modelling wave propagation dominated by a band of frequencies. In calculations involving a layer with gradational boundaries, we find that asymptotic estimates do deviate from those of our frequency-dependent approach when the width of the layer boundaries become sufficiently narrow. For example, for a layer with boundaries that vary over tens of meters, the term neglected by a high-frequency asymptotic approximation is significant for frequencies around 10 Hz. The visible differences in the paths of the rays that traverse the layer substantiate this conclusion. For a velocity model derived from an observed well log, the majority of the trajectories calculated using the extended approach, accounting for the frequency-dependence of the rays, are noticeably different from those produced by the eikonal equation. A suite of paths from a source to a specified receiver, calculated for a range of frequencies between 10 and 100 Hz, define a region of sensitivity to velocity variations and may be used for an augmented form of tomographic imaging.
PENGARUH UPAH MINIMUM REGIONAL, TINGKATPENGANGGURAN DAN PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTOTERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA PROVINSI JAWATENGAH TAHUN 2011-2015 DARI PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SYARIAH

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh UMR, pengangguran dan PDRB terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2011-2015 dari perspektif Ekonomi Syariah secara simultan dan parsial. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penggabungan dari Sadono S. (2004), Michael P.T (2006) dan Permenaker No. 01 tahun 1999 Bab I Pasal 1. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah field research. Sedangkan pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari data BPS Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2011- 2015. Pemilihan tahun 2011-2015 berdasarkan dengan data publikasi UMR, pengangguran, PDRB dan IPM dari BPS Jawa Tengah yang telah dipublikasikan ditahun 2017 serta karena pada tahun 2013 dan tahun 2015 terdapat masalah yang akan diteliti lebih lanjut.Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, data yang digunakan sebanyak 110 data. Berdasarkan teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda didapatkan hasil uji t, variabel UMR tidak berpengaruh terhadap IPM, sedangkan PDRB memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap IPM dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0.075. Variabel pengangguran berpengaruh negatif terhadap IPM dengan koefisien regresi sebesar -0.546. Hasil uji koefisien determinan (R2) menunjukkan bahwa besarnya nilai R2 0,22 atau sebesar 22%. Artinya perubahan yang terjadi pada IPM dikontribusikan oleh UMR, pengangguran dan PDRB. Sedangkan sisanya sebesar sebesar 78% di kontribusikan oleh variabel lain. Sedangkan hasil uji F secara simultan variabel UMR, pengangguran dan PDRB berpengaruh terhadap IPM di Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2011-2015. Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini adalah rentang waktu penelitian yang terlalu singkat dan juga keterbatasan sumber data referensi yang membahas mengenai Indeks Pembangunan Manusia khususnya di Provinsi Jawa Tengah.
Psychological models for development of motorcycle helmet use among students in Vietnam

A helmet can reduce head accident severity. The aim of this research study was to study the intention for helmet use of students who ride motorcycles in Vietnam, by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Questionnaires developed by several traffic psychology modules, including the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), Traffic Locus of Control (T-LOC), and Health Belief Model (HBM), were distributed to students at Ton Thang University and University of Architecture, Ho Chi Minh City. SEM was used to explain helmet use behaviour. The results indicate that TPB, T-LOC and HBM could explain the variance in helmet use behaviour. However, TPB can explain behaviour (helmet use intention) better than T-LOC and HBM. The outcome of this study is useful for the agencies responsible to improve motorcycle safety.
Radial breathing mode resonance Raman cross-section analysis in single-walled carbon nanotubes

Amostras de nanotubos de carbono de parede unica (SWNT) geralmente sao compostas por uma mistura de um grande numero de diferentes especies de SWNTs, cujas diferentes propriedadespodem ser determinadas a partir de um par de indices (n;m), ou, equivalentemente, pelo seu diâmetro e ângulo quiral (dt; ). Aqui, utilizamos a espectroscopia Raman ressonante (RRS), uma tecnica amplamente usada para a caracterizacaoo de amostras de SWNTs, para obter quantitativamente a distribuicao de diâmetros de uma amostra. Para tanto, nos concentramos no modo Raman referente a vibracao no modo de respiracao radial (RBM) dos SWNTs, que, apartir de sua frequencia e da energia de excitacaoo utilizada, pode ser univocamente associado a uma unica especie de SWNT. Sua intensidade nao depende apenas da abundância daqueladeterminada especie de SWNT, mas tambem da eficiencia com a qual o SWNT causa o espalhamento Raman (sua seecao de choque RBM). Combinando medidas de microscopia eletronica de transmissao de alta resolucao (HRTEM) e de RRS em uma mesma amostra padrao de SWNTs, pudemos determinar e calibrar a secao de choque RBM dos SWNTs. Assim, propomos agora um metodo para determinar a distribuicao de diâmetros de amostras de SWNTs utilizando apenasRRS.
Drug and alcohol concentrations of drivers involved in fatal motor vehicle accidents in british columbia, canada: a one year study

Blood samples of 41 female and 181 male fatally injured drivers were examined. Analyses suggested that drugs other than alcohol are contributing to fatal traffic accidents in British Columbia. Toxicological analysis showed: alcohol alone (37 percent); alcohol and drugs (11 percent); and drugs alone (9 percent). The most frequently encountered drugs were alcohol (48 percent); tetrahydrocannabinol or its metabolite (THC-THCCOOH) (13 percent); benzodiazepines (5 percent); and cocaine (4 percent). Blood samples were screened by EMIT, capillary GC with NP and EC detection and LC with diode array detection. All samples were confirmed by GC-MS and quantified by GC with NP or EC detection, LC with diode array (uv) detection or GC-MS. (a) For the record of the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no 868581.
The Impact of Competition on Debt Ratio of Manufacturing Enterprises in Vietnam

Asymmetric infomation has caused difficulties for investors in the financial market when the enterprises have high competitiveness in the market but there are acts of using unusual capital structure. Investment decisions on the stock market of investors will be negatively affected by asymmetric information. In particular, the manufacturing enterprises have made an important contribution to Vietnam’s economic structure. Therefore, the authors conduct research to assess the impact of product market competition on the capital structure of manufacturing enterprises listed in the Vietnam stock market from 2010 to 2018. By analyzing panel data through the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), the research results indicate: Competitiveness factors HHI has a negative impact on debt ratio (DR)—the results support the predation theory. When businesses are highly competitive, there will be a tendency to reduce the debt ratio. At the same time, the research results also show the variables ROA and CGIR have negative effects on DR. GRTA and NDTS variables do not affect the DR of manufacturing enterprises. The results of this study will help investors to make their decisions more wisely.
Large-Scale Cloud Disturbances Associated with Equatorial Waves, Part I: Spectral Features of the Cl

Spectral features of large-scale cumulus convective systems over the tropical oceanic area are studied and classified in terms of the atmospheric equatorial waves. Three-hourly GMS infrared data for the period of 1981-1989 are utilized. Some significant features of cloud-atmosphere systems are deduced. As an average feature for the total analysis period, robust signals are identified with Kelvin waves, westward-propagating mixed Rossby-gravity waves (MRGW), n=1 Rossby waves and n=1 westwardpropagating inertio-gravity waves (WIGW). Some indications of eastward-propagating n=0 gravity waves and n=2 WIGW are also presented. A common equivalent depth of 15-30m among different wave modes is indicated from the frequencywavenumber distribution of cloud disturbances. On the other hand, an equatorial radius of deformation of-7 is deduced independently from the latitudinal distribution of cloud spectra which shows a good agreement with the above equivalent depth. Seasonal variation of dominant cloud disturbances is also described and discussed in relation to the mean wind profile.
Predation, Seigneurial Tenure, and Development in French Colonial America

Abstract There is substantial debate over the colonial origins of divergence within the Americas. In this debate, the French Empire has been largely ignored even though, until 1760, it included Canada. This article uses recent empirical advances in our knowledge of the colonial Canadian economy to introduce the role of French institutions—most notably the institution of seigneurial tenure—into the debate on the colonial origins of divergence. It argues that the institution of seigneurial tenure in Canada when it was under French rule (up to 1760) had predatory features that help to explain why Canada was the poorest of the North American colonies.
Fiber-based optical thermocouples for fast temperature sensing in extreme environments

Abstract. We have developed fiber-based optical thermocouples (OTCs) for fast temperature sensing in extreme environments. Our OTCs consist of a thin film of dysprosium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Dy:YAG)—a well-known two-color thermometry phosphor—deposited on the end of a sapphire fiber using pulsed laser deposition. Temperature sensing is achieved by comparing the relative intensities of photoluminescence arising from two closely spaced Dy3 + excited states. Using a combination of time-gated detection and blackbody background subtraction, we are able to measure Dy:YAG’s photoluminescence up to 2033 K, which is one of the highest temperatures obtained in literature. However, we are only able to use the photoluminescence spectra for temperature sensing up to 1773 K due to poor signal-to-noise ratio for higher temperatures. These results suggest the possibility of measuring higher temperatures with time-gated detectors designed for low-light levels. After characterizing the fiber-based OTCs’ temperature response, we next demonstrate their functionality using subsecond pulsed CO2 laser heating using both intensified charge-coupled device detection and a photodiode-based software time-gating technique. In the lab, we have utilized this technique to measure temperatures at rates up to 80 kHz. In addition, we comment on the applicability of OTCs to fast temperature sensing in turbulent flows and estimate rise times on the order of several hundred microseconds for a 1-μm OTC film.