Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HEMATOLOGICAL STUDIES IN INDIAN DEER - Axis axis

The blood cell profile of captive sedated chital deer r evealed a sickle shaped Red Blood Cell (RBC) with the total count of 5.07 ± 0.73 x 10 6 per cu. mm, the Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of 10.92 ± 1.56 gm/dl, Packed Cell V olume (PCV) of 34.00 ± 5.19, Mean Corpuscular V olume (MCV) of 65.4 ± 1.46, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) of 21.65 ± 0.21 and a total White Blood Corpuscles (WBC) was 9.1 ± 1.23 x 10 3 per cu. mm. The hematological pr ofile showed a slightly higher concentration of erythrocyte parameters and indices in females than males. A lower mean total RBC count in our study when compared to other reported hematological profile may be due to factors such as species difference, nutritional status, method of restraint and time of year, age and agro climate conditions that might have interacted with the hemopoiesis.
Study of the solar anisotropy of cosmic ray primaries of about 200 GeV energy with the L3+C muon detector

Primary cosmic rays experience multiple deflections in the nonuniform galactic and heliospheric magnetic fields which may generate anisotropies. A study of anisotropies in the energy range between 100 and 500 GeV is performed. This energy range is not yet well explored. The L3 detector at the CERN electron-positron collider, LEP, is used for a study of the angular distribution of atmospheric muons with energies above 20 GeV. This distribution is used to investigate the isotropy of the time-dependent intensity of the primary cosmic-ray flux with a Fourier analysis. A small deviation from isotropy at energies around 200 GeV is observed for the second harmonics at the solar frequency. No sidereal anisotropy is found at a level above 10^-4. The measurements have been performed in the years 1999 and 2000.
Parseval Networks: Improving Robustness to Adversarial Examples

We introduce Parseval networks, a form of deep neural networks in which the Lipschitz constant of linear, convolutional and aggregation layers is constrained to be smaller than 1. Parseval networks are empirically and theoretically motivated by an analysis of the robustness of the predictions made by deep neural networks when their input is subject to an adversarial perturbation. The most important feature of Parseval networks is to maintain weight matrices of linear and convolutional layers to be (approximately) Parseval tight frames, which are extensions of orthogonal matrices to non-square matrices. We describe how these constraints can be maintained efficiently during SGD. We show that Parseval networks match the state-of-the-art in terms of accuracy on CIFAR-10/100 and Street View House Numbers (SVHN) while being more robust than their vanilla counterpart against adversarial examples. Incidentally, Parseval networks also tend to train faster and make a better usage of the full capacity of the networks.
Quantifying Misbehaviour Attacks Against the Self-Organized Public Key Management on Manets

Among the key management schemes for MANETs, the Self-Organized Public Key Management System (PGP-Like) is the main chaining-based key management scheme. It is fully self-organized and does not require any certificate authority. Two kinds of misbehavior attacks are considered to be great threats to PGPLike: the impersonating and the lack of cooperation attacks. This work quantifies the impact of such attacks on PGP-Like. Simulation results show that PGP-Like was able to maintain its effectiveness when submitted to the lack of cooperation attack, contradicting previously theoretical results. It correctly works even in the presence of more than 60% of misbehaving nodes, although the convergence time was affected with only 20% of misbehaving nodes. On the other hand, PGP-Like was completely vulnerable to the impersonating attack. Its functionality is affected with just 5% of misbehaving nodes, confirming previously theoretical results.
Effects of Trifolium alexandrinum Extracts on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Male Rats

The effects of (water, hexane and ethanolic) extracts prepared from the flower head of Trifolium alexandrinum (Leguminosae) were examined in the treatment of diabetes induced experimentally by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. A single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg) produced a hyperglycemia, decrease in insulin level and elevation in glycosylated hemoglobin of RBCs as well as elevated serum total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Also, a decreased serum high-density lipoprotein and in hepatic glycogen and glutathione GSH contents, concurrent with an increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde in the liver was observed. Daily intake of (water, hexane and ethanolic) extracts of T. alexandrinum in drinking water for 4 weeks immediately after diabetes induction caused significant decreases in glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels and increase in insulin level. It also greatly improved the levels of serum lipid parameters and significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in addition to increase the hepatic GSH content significantly. Conclusion: Extracts of T. alexandrinum improved hyperglycemia and other biochemical alterations noticed in STZ-diabetic rats. These effects may be due to the presence of a high content of flavonoids which acts synergistically as antioxidants.
PDEF, a Novel Prostate Epithelium-specific Ets Transcription Factor, Interacts with the Androgen Receptor and Activates Prostate-specific Antigen Gene Expression*

Prostate cancer, the most frequent solid cancer in older men, is a leading cause of cancer deaths. Although proliferation and differentiation of normal prostate epithelia and the initial growth of prostate cancer cells are androgen-dependent, prostate cancers ultimately become androgen-independent and refractory to hormone therapy. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene has been widely used as a diagnostic indicator for androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer. Androgen-induced and prostate epithelium-specific PSA expression is regulated by a proximal promoter and an upstream enhancer via several androgen receptor binding sites. However, little progress has been made in identifying androgen-independent regulatory elements involved in PSA gene regulation. We report the isolation of a novel, prostate epithelium-specific Ets transcription factor, PDEF (prostate-derived Etsfactor), that among the Ets family uniquely prefers binding to a GGAT rather than a GGAA core. PDEF acts as an androgen-independent transcriptional activator of the PSA promoter. PDEF also directly interacts with the DNA binding domain of androgen receptor and enhances androgen-mediated activation of the PSA promoter. Our results, as well as the critical roles of other Ets factors in cellular differentiation and tumorigenesis, strongly suggest that PDEF is an important regulator of prostate gland and/or prostate cancer development.
Hepatitis C infection of B lymphocytes: more tools to address pending questions

Evaluation of: Durand T, Di Liberto G, Colman H et al. Occult infection of peripheral B cells by hepatitis C variants which have low translational efficiency in cultured hepatocytes. Gut 59, 934–942 (2010). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection spreads primarily via contact with infected blood and can establish a persistent infection in 80% of infected individuals, progressively causing chronic liver disease that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma or end-stage liver disease requiring a transplant. There is no vaccine, and current treatment with interferon and ribavirin is costly, poorly tolerated and ineffective for a large proportion of patients. Technical limitations have stifled the study of HCV immunology, and hence the correlates of resolution remain elusive. HCV robustly infects hepatocytes in the liver, yet HCV RNA is often found to be associated with peripheral blood lymphocytes and extrahepatic manifestations of the disease include B-cell abnormalities. The few existing characterized viral clones that can replicate in vitro have consistently failed to infect immune cells; however, some groups have detected low levels of replication in peripheral blood cells, hinting that occult forms of infection may be possible. HCV lymphotropism remains a controversial subject that needs to be elucidated in order to identify viral reservoirs that may provide targets for therapeutic intervention. The precise interactions between HCV and immune cells need to be determined to establish if the virus has developed mechanisms to modulate immune responses. In the study by Durand et al., correlations were sought between cell tropism and mutations in the 5´ noncoding region of the HCV genome, known as the internal ribosome entry site. Key findings are discussed here, highlighting current experimental challenges that surround the topic of HCV lymphotropism.
Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP 99,219) and other antimicrobials against clinically significant anaerobes

A total of 590 strains of clinically important anaerobes were tested to determine their susceptibility to trovafloxacin. Overall, trovafloxacin had a mode MIC of 0.25 micrograms/ml and a MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited of 1 micrograms/ml and had activity comparable to that of metronidazole. Trovafloxacin was 8-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-fold more active than ampicillin-sulbactam, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, and cefotetan, respectively. Of the Bacteroides fragilis group, 97% of the isolates were inhibited by trovafloxacin at 21 micrograms/ml, and trovafloxacin was more active than ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, cefotetan, ampicillin-sulbactam, and clindamycin against Clostridium, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella strains.
On Perturbation and Pattern Coexistence in Postural Coordination Dynamics

In studies of postural control, investigators have used either experimentally induced perturbations to stance or unperturbed stance. The distinction between perturbed and unperturbed stance has gained renewed importance in the context of inphase and antiphase coordination of the hips and ankles. Several contributions have replicated the findings published over the past decade, suggesting the possibility of a unified view of postural control. However, any proposed unified view depends on how so called perturbed and unperturbed are defined. The authors argue that, to date, there is no explicit and general definition of those terms. The main reason is that all perturbations are relative and depend on appropriate frames of reference for perception and action. Arguments about empirical or theoretical unification of perturbed and unperturbed stance are premature.
On the closest quadratically invariant constraint

Quadratic invariance is a condition which has been shown to allow for optimal decentralized control problems to be cast as convex optimization problems. The condition relates the constraints that the decentralization imposes on the controller to the structure of the plant. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding the closest subset and superset of the decentralization constraint which are quadratically invariant when the original problem is not. We show that this can itself be cast as a convex problem for the case where the controller is subject to delay constraints between subsystems, but that this fails when we only consider sparsity constraints on the controller. For that case, we develop an algorithm that finds the closest superset in a fixed number of steps, and discuss methods of finding a close subset.
Seasonal variations in cytokine expression and cell-mediated immunity in male rhesus monkeys.

Our objectives in this study were to examine seasonal changes in immune responses including cytokine profiles of male rhesus monkeys housed under natural lighting conditions. We also monitored circannual changes in the secretion of several immunomodulatory hormones as potential mediators of the seasonal shifts in immune status. Retrospectively, the medical records of a large group of rhesus monkeys were examined to determine whether a common disease (campylobacteriosis) in this species shows a seasonal pattern of prevalence. Results of the study showed that there was a seasonal shift in the frequency of cells expressing TH1 cytokines (interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma) versus the TH2 prototype cytokine (interleukin-4) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected during the winter and summer. The frequency of TH1-type cytokine synthesis in the summer was markedly greater than in the winter whereas TH2-type cytokine expression did not vary between the two seasons. The proliferative response of PBMC to mitogens and natural killer cell activity of PBMC also varied with the season. Several hormones (testosterone, leptin, and prolactin) that modulate immune function exhibited circannual patterns of secretion. The prevalence of Campylobacter infections was higher in the spring than during the summer, fall, or winter. The data suggest that seasonal fluctuations in immune system status may alter the ability of primates to successfully respond to pathogens, and this may be related to circannual patterns of secretion of immunomodulatory hormones.
Preliminary investigation of a biological augmentation of rotator cuff repairs using a collagen implant: a 2-year MRI follow-up.

BACKGROUND the inability to restore the normal tendon footprint and limit strains on the repair site are thought to contribute to re-tearing following rotator cuff repair. The purpose of this study was to use a collagen implant to augment rotator cuff repairs through the restoration of the native tendon footprint and the induction of new tissue to decrease overall tendon strain. METHODS repairs of full-thickness rotator cuff lesions in 9 adult patients were augmented with a novel collagen implant placed over the bursal surface of the repair. Tendon thickness and footprint anatomy were evaluated using MRI at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Clinical results were assessed using standard outcome metrics. Mean follow-up for all patients was 25.8 months. RESULTS the implant induced significant new tissue formation in all patients by 3 months. This tissue matured over time and became indistinguishable from the underlying tendon. At 24 months all repairs remained intact and normal footprint anatomy of the tendon was restored in all patients. All clinical scores improved significantly over time. CONCLUSION the ability of a collagen implant to induce new host tissue formation and restore the normal footprint anatomy may represent a significant advancement in the biological augmentation and ultimate durability of rotator cuff repairs.
Stochastic Dosimetry for the Assessment of Children Exposure to Uniform 50 Hz Magnetic Field with Uncertain Orientation

This study focused on the evaluation of the exposure of children aging from five to fourteen years to 50 Hz homogenous magnetic field uncertain orientation using stochastic dosimetry. Surrogate models allowed assessing how the variation of the orientation of the magnetic field influenced the induced electric field in each tissue of the central nervous system (CNS) and in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of children. Results showed that the electric field induced in CNS and PNS tissues of children were within the ICNIRP basic restrictions for general public and that no significant difference was found in the level of exposure of children of different ages when considering 10000 possible orientations of the magnetic field. A “mean stochastic model,” useful to estimate the level of exposure in each tissue of a representative child in the range of age from five to fourteen years, was developed. In conclusion, this study was useful to deepen knowledge about the ELF-MF exposure, including the evaluation of variable and uncertain conditions, thus representing a step towards a more realistic characterization of the exposure to EMF.
Risk factors for indigenous Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infections in The Netherlands: a case-control study

SUMMARY A case-control study comprising 1315 Campylobacter jejuni cases, 121 Campylobacter coli cases and 3409 frequency-matched controls was conducted in The Netherlands in 2002–2003. Risk factors for both C. jejuni and C. coli enteritis were consumption of undercooked meat and barbecued meat, ownership of cats and use of proton pump inhibitors. Consumption of chicken was a predominant risk factor for C. jejuni enteritis, but many additional risk factors were identified. Unique risk factors for C. coli infections were consumption of game and tripe, and swimming. Contact with farm animals and persons with gastroenteritis were predominant risk factors for C. jejuni enteritis in young children (0–4 years). Important risk factors for the elderly (⩾60 years) were eating in a restaurant, use of proton pump inhibitors and having a chronic intestinal illness. Consumption of chicken in spring, steak tartare in autumn and winter and barbecued meat in rural areas showed strong associations with C. jejuni infections. This study illustrates that important differences in risk factors exist for different Campylobacter spp. and these may differ dependent on age, season or degree of urbanization.
Intense single attosecond pulses from surface harmonics using the polarization gating technique

Harmonics generated at solid surfaces interacting with relativistically strong laser pulses are a promising route towards intense attosecond pulses. In order to obtain single attosecond pulses one can use few-cycle laser pulses with carrier-envelope phase stabilization. However, it appears feasible to use longer pulses using polarization gating—the technique known for a long time from gas harmonics. In this paper, we investigate in detail a specific approach to this technique on the basis of one-dimensional-particle-in-cell (1D PIC) simulations, applied to surface harmonics. We show that under realistic conditions polarization gating results in significant temporal confinement of the harmonics emission allowing thus the generation of intense single attosecond pulses. We study the parameters needed for gating only one attosecond pulse and show that this technique is applicable to both normal and oblique incidence geometry.
Crystal structure of master biofilm regulator CsgD regulatory domain reveals an atypical receiver domain

The master regulator CsgD switches planktonic growth to biofilm formation by activating synthesis of curli fimbriae and cellulose in Enterobacteriaceae. CsgD was classified to be the LuxR response regulatory family, while its cognate sensor histidine kinase has not been identified yet. CsgD consists of a C‐terminal DNA binding domain and an N‐terminal regulatory domain that provokes the upstream signal transduction to further modulate its function. We provide the crystal structure of Salmonella Typhimurium CsgD regulatory domain, which reveals an atypical β5α5 response regulatory receiver domain folding with the α2 helix representing as a disorder loop compared to the LuxR/FixJ canonical response regulator, and the structure indicated a noteworthy α5 helix similar to the non‐canonical master regulator VpsT receiver domain α6. CsgD regulatory domain assembles with two dimerization interfaces mainly through α1 and α5, which has shown similarity to the c‐di‐GMP independent and stabilized dimerization interface of VpsT from Vibrio cholerae respectively. The potential phosphorylation site D59 is directly involved in the interaction of interfaces I and mutagenesis studies indicated that both dimerization interfaces could be crucial for CsgD activity. The structure reveals important molecular details for the dimerization assembly of CsgD and will shed new insight into its regulation mechanism.
Light-scattering studies of the formation of aggregates in mixtures of antigen and antibody.

Formation of aggregates in mixtures of antigen and antibody was followed by measurement of the intensity of light scattered at 90° and of the ratio of the intensities of light scattered at 45° and 135° under varied environmental conditions—concentration, antigen/antibody ratio, temperature, concentration of neutral salts, hydrogen ion and organic solutes. We propose that the aggregation of antigen—antibody complexes is accelerated by change in the structure of antibody molecules that occurs on combination with antigen. The effect of solutes on the rate of aggregation may be due to reduction of the association constant of the combination of antigen and antibody or to inhibition of the change in structure of antibody on combination. Acceleration of the early stage of aggregation by increase of temperature is attributed to increased rate of change in the structure of antibody.
The effect of mangiferin on skin: Penetration, permeation and inhibition of ECM enzymes

Mangiferin (2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone) is a polyphenol with strong antioxidant properties. Mangiferin is obtained from the mango tree (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae). It has been proven that mangiferin exhibits many pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the penetration of mangiferin into the human skin and through the skin. According to our knowledge, skin penetration and permeation studies of mangiferin have not been analyzed so far. Additionally, the influence of mangiferin on two Extracellular Matrix Enzymes (ECM): collagenase and elastase, was evaluated for the first time. It has been indicated that mangiferin is able to permeate the stratum corneum and penetrate into the epidermis and dermis in comparable amounts. For confirmation of the obtained results, fluorescence microscopy was successfully utilized. The analysis revealed the capability of mangiferin to reversibly inhibit elastase and collagenase activity. The mechanism of mangiferin interaction with both enzymes was estimated as a noncompetitive inhibition.
Validation of a Korean version of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire

The main purpose of this study was to validate a scale to examine the moral sensitivity of Korean nurses. A pre-existing scale, the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ), developed by Lützén, was used after deletion of three items. The reliability and validity of the scale were examined by using Cronbach’s alpha and factor analysis, respectively. According to the results, reliability of the scale was adequate but its construct validity was not fully supported. Through discussion on evidence of validity, five subconstructs emerged. In particular, unlike the factor structure of the MSQ, two subconstructs, patient-oriented care and professional responsibility, were newly extracted. It was assumed that the other three MSQ subconstructs, conflict, meaning and benevolence (expressed as nurses being ethically good), would not be sensitive to cultural background. Given these findings, interpretations about the meaning of moral sensitivity of Korean nurses are discussed.