Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis thaliana Tolerates Iron Deficiency more than Thellungiella Salsuginea by Inducing Metabolic Changes at the Root Level

Several studies have used A. thaliana as a model to identify the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying iron deficiency tolerance in plants. Here, Arabidopsis thaliana and Thellungiella salsuginea were used to investigate the differential responses to iron deficiency of these two species. Plants were cultivated in hydroponic medium containing 5 or 0 μM Fe, for 10 days. Results showed that rosette biomass was more reduced in T. salsuginea than in A. thaliana when grown on Fe-deficient medium. As a marker for iron deficiency tolerance, the induction of ferric chelate reductase (FCR) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activities was observed only in A. thaliana roots. In addition, we found that the accumulation of phenolic acids in roots of N1438 ecotype of A. thaliana was stimulated by Fe deficiency. Furthermore, an increase of flavonoids content in the root and exudates was observed under Fe-deficiency in this ecotype. Unlike other abiotic stresses, it appears that iron deficiency effects were more pronounced in Thellungiella than in Arabidopsis. The higher tolerance of the Arabidopsis plant to iron deficiency may be due to the metabolic changes occurring in the roots.
Runge-Kutta symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin methods for modified Buckley-Leverett equations

We present a robust and accurate numerical method to solve the modified Buckley-Leverett equation in two-phase porous media flow with dynamic capillary pressure effect. A symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method is used to discretize the equation in the space direction. For accuracy and stability issues, the third-order strong stability preserving implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta method is adopted to solve the nonlinear semi-discrete system: the linear diffusion term is discretized implicitly while the nonlinear flux term is discretized explicitly. The spatial accuracy of the discontinuous Galerkin method depends on the limiters applied to the solution: we test a minmod-TVB limiter, a simple WENO limiter and a high-order shock-capturing moment limiter to demonstrate that a suitable shock capturing moment limiter leads to more accurate approximation of solution. A set of representative numerical experiments are presented to show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach. The results indicate that the moment limiter proposed by Moe et al. [Arxiv:1507.03024, 2015] is the most suitable one to be used in solving the modified Buckley- Leverett equation, and high order schemes perform much better than lower order schemes. Our simulation results are consistent with the previous results in Kao et al.[J. Sci. Comput. , 64(3) (2015), 837-857], Zhang and Zegeling [J. Comput. Phys., 345 (2017), 510-527 and Commun. Comput. Phys., 22(4) (2017), 935-964].
A CONSISTENT STUDY OF METALLICITY EVOLUTION AT 0.8 < z < 2.6

We present the correlations between stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), and the [N ii]/Hα flux ratio as an indicator of gas-phase metallicity for a sample of 222 galaxies at 0.8 < z < 2.6 and log (M*/M☉) = 9.0–11.5 from the LUCI, SINS/zC-SINF, and KMOS3D surveys. This sample provides a unique analysis of the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) over an extended redshift range using consistent data analysis techniques and a uniform strong-line metallicity indicator. We find a constant slope at the low-mass end of the relation and can fully describe its redshift evolution through the evolution of the characteristic turnover mass where the relation begins to flatten at the asymptotic metallicity. At a fixed mass and redshift, our data do not show a correlation between the [N ii]/Hα ratio and SFR, which disagrees with the 0.2–0.3 dex offset in [N ii]/Hα predicted by the “fundamental relation” between stellar mass, SFR, and metallicity discussed in recent literature. However, the overall evolution toward lower [N ii]/Hα at earlier times does broadly agree with these predictions.
Social understanding and self-regulation predict pre-schoolers’ sharing with friends and disliked peers

This study examined longitudinal relations between early measures of prosocial action in infancy as well as cognitive and social-cognitive abilities, and the sharing behaviour of preschool children. The results reveal relations between delay-of-gratification at 24 months and inhibitory control at 30 months, and children’s sharing at 5 years. Moreover, the analyses showed specific relations between distress understanding at 24 months and preschool children’s sharing with friends, and a relation between goal encoding at 7 months and sharing with a disliked other at 5 years. Yet, there were no relations between early measures of prosociality in infancy and preschool children’s sharing. The results support the view that inhibitory control competencies and social-cognitive abilities play an important role in the early development of prosocial action.
Response of Hinode XRT to quiet Sun, active region and flare plasma

Aims. We examine the response of the Hinode X-Ray Telescope (XRT), using simultaneous observations with the Hinode Extremeultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS), for a flare, an active region and a quiet Sun region. We also examine the relative intensity calibration of EIS and XRT. Methods. EIS differential emission measure distribution (DEM) curves were used to create synthetic spectra with the CHIANTI atomic database. The contribution of spectral lines and continuum emission to each of the XRT channels was determined from the synthetic spectra, which were then convolved with the effective area of each XRT channel. The predicted total count rates for each channel were compared with the observed count rates. The effects of varying elemental abundances and the temperature range for the inversion were investigated. DEMs obtained from the XRT bands were also computed and compared to those obtained with EIS. Results. For the active region observations, the observed XRT count rates for most of the channels are in reasonable agreement with those predicted using EIS observations, but are dependent on the elemental abundances chosen. Significant discrepancies between predicted and observed count rates were found and are discussed for the adjacent quiet Sun region and also for the flare. Synthetic spectra and continuum emission contributing to the XRT channels are presented and discussed for the active region, quiet Sun and flare observations.
Local Visual Processing in High Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Scorers.

Reaction times for big and small letters (global and local levels) were compared and examined to see whether differences would occur between a low scoring and high scoring Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder (OCD) group. OCD patients have been shown to notice and pay more attention to small details (local bias) compared to most other populations (Shapiro, 1965; Yovel et al. 2006; Caberea et al., 2001). Although there is research supporting a local bias in OCD patients, it is unclear whether the bias occurs in the early stages of visual processing or in a later memory stage (Moritz & Wendt, 2006; Hermans et al, 2008). The study specifically examined a potential local bias for high OCD scorers in the early visual stage by manipulating perceptual and attentional mechanisms in two hierarchical letter tasks (Navon, 1977; Miller, 1981a, Plaisted et al. 1999). In Experiment 1, participants were told which level (the big or small letter) to respond to, results showed that high OCD scorers responded faster to local letters, showing support for a local processing advantage. Conversely, the low OCD group responded quicker to the global level. The finding of a local advantage in Experiment 1 suggests that the local advantage may be due to perceptual mechanisms as attention was already directed to the relevant level. However, in Experiment 2 where attention was not directed and the image quality was manipulated, local and global advantage effects were not replicated for the high and low OCD groups respectively. This showed that attentional and perceptual mechanisms did not make one level easier to process over the other. Therefore, it is possible that any local bias for OCD patients occurs in a later processing stage.
Nonlinear hydrodynamic and thermoacoustic oscillations of a bluff-body stabilised turbulent premixed flame

Turbulent premixed flames often experience thermoacoustic instabilities when the combustion heat release rate is in phase with acoustic pressure fluctuations. Linear methods often assume a priori that oscillations are periodic and occur at a dominant frequency with a fixed amplitude. Such assumptions are not made when using nonlinear analysis. When an oscillation is fully saturated, nonlinear analysis can serve as a useful avenue to reveal flame behaviour far more elaborate than period-one limit cycles, including quasi-periodicity and chaos in hydrodynamically or thermoacoustically self-excited system. In this paper, the behaviour of a bluff-body stabilised turbulent premixed propane/air flame in a model jet-engine afterburner configuration is investigated using computational fluid dynamics. For the frequencies of interest in this investigation, an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach is found to be appropriate. Combustion is represented using a modified laminar flamelet approach with an algebraic closure for the flame surface density. The results are validated by comparison with existing experimental data and with large eddy simulation, and the observed self-excited oscillations in pressure and heat release are studied using methods derived from dynamical systems theory. A systematic analysis is carried out by increasing the equivalence ratio of the reactant stream supplied to the premixed flame. A strong variation in the global flame structure is observed. The flame exhibits a self-excited hydrodynamic oscillation at low equivalence ratios, becomes steady as the equivalence ratio is increased to intermediate values, and again exhibits a self-excited thermoacoustic oscillation at higher equivalence ratios. Rich nonlinear behaviour is observed and the investigation demonstrates that turbulent premixed flames can exhibit complex dynamical behaviour including quasiperiodicity, limit cycles and period-two limit cycles due to the interactions of various physical mechanisms. This has implications in selecting the operating conditions for such flames and for devising proper control strategies for the avoidance of thermoacoustic instability.
Analytical formulation of lightning-induced voltages on multiconductor overhead lines above lossy ground

This paper presents analytical expressions for calculation of lightning-induced voltages (LIV) on multiconductor overhead lines above lossy ground. The transmission-line return-stroke model is used and the propagation effect on the electromagnetic field is approximated by the surface impedance method. Assuming a linear return-stroke current, the standard numerical integrations along the lightning channel and the overhead line are avoided, and the result is a fast and stable formulation that contains only a single convolution integral. The described method applies for distances between 100 m and 10 km and is valid the first few microseconds where the maximum LIV usually occurs. A simplified approach to how to include overhead line losses is also outlined. A model is proposed that can be included in the electromagnetic transients program ATP-EMTP for calculation of LIV in larger and practical systems.
Exploring Factors Contributing to Women's Nontraditional Career Aspirations

Copyright 2010 by Psi Chi, The International Honor Society in Psychology (Vol. 15, No. 3/ISSN 1089-4136) Since the 1970s many more women in the United States have been pursuing careers outside the home and increasing gender diversity in the work force. Nevertheless, there are still significant gender imbalances in many occupations. For example, the National Center for Education Statistics (2002) found that only 22% of physical scientists and nine percent of engineers were female in the 1990’s. Despite this small representation, the labor force in the United States was comprised of 46% women at the same time. Similarly, Gabriel and Schmitz (2007) found that 78% of clerical and administrative positions were held by women whereas 54% of managerial positions were held by men in 2001. Because female-dominated fields, such as nursing and education, earn a smaller salary than male-dominated fields (Mendez & Crawford, 2002) it is important to find factors that influence women to pursue male-dominated fields. This will help parents and educational institutions provide environments that encourage women to explore more career opportunities. If women are encouraged to enter male-dominated fields, they will have access to more economic resources, have greater occupational opportunities, and will be able to pursue a larger variety of interests and talents. Therefore, it is imperative to research the factors related to women‘s choices about pursuing male-dominated careers. Past research has shown that there are two broad categories which contribute to women’s nontraditional gender career aspirations: internal factors or self-perceptions (e.g., academic abilities and gender role attitudes) and external factors such as the influence of others in their lives (Frome, Alfeld, Eccles & Barber, 2006; Kerr & Robinson Kurpius, 2004; Mau, 2003; O’Brien& Fassinger, 1993; Quimby & DeSantis, 2006; Sax & Bryant, 2006; Schmader, Johns & Barquissau, 2004; Singer, Cassin & Dobson, 2005; Umbach, Kinzie, Kuh, Palmer & Thomas, 2007). One internal factor that influences women’s career choices is their perception about the importance of having a future career with a flexible schedule that allows more time with their family (O’Brien & Fassinger, 1993). Past research has shown that women in high school and college are more likely to pursue a male-dominated field when they place less importance on having a career with flexible time. Singer et al. (2005) discovered that women pursuing their graduate degree in psychology felt that having children would disrupt their career more than men did. Interest and confidence in science, math, and general academic abilities, as well as gender role attitudes, are also internal factors that affect women’s career choices. Studies demonstrate that adolescent girls and female college students are more likely to have male-dominated career aspirations when they have higher interest, confidence, and performance lori Bona
Large-Scale Circulation with Locally Enhanced Vertical Mixing*

The influence of localized regions of intensified vertical mixing on the stratification and circulation in a largescale ocean model is investigated with idealized numerical experiments. Numerical solutions are obtained of a closed-basin, single-hemisphere ocean model based on the planetary geostrophic equations. Mesoscale eddy effects are minimized, and vertical mixing at the turbulent microscale is represented by a vertical diffusivity ky . Solutions with uniform ky are contrasted with a ‘‘localized mixing’’ solution, in which ky increases by two orders of magnitude from its interior value (0.2 3 1024 m2 s21) in a region 500 km wide adjacent to the vertical eastern boundary. When ky is uniform, the stratification beneath the ventilated thermocline is characterized by a single vertical scale. In contrast, the localized vertical mixing supports a deep diffusive thermocline with two distinct vertical scales: an internal boundary layer centered at the base of the ventilated thermocline (roughly 1000-m depth) and an abyssal thermocline whose vertical scale is set in the region of large ky . This stratification is qualitatively similar to observed deep ocean stratification. In contrast to the Stommel‐Arons meridional abyssal flow that arises in the model when ky is uniform and small, the localized mixing solution has primarily zonal flow in the abyssal interior, with meridional motion confined to boundary layers. An advective‐diffusive balance is established in the region of enhanced mixing. The near-surface circulation is dominated by westward zonal flow in the southern half of the interior, northward flow along the western boundary, and eastward flow in the northern half of the interior, while the pattern of flow in the abyssal interior is essentially the reverse. The circulation is closed by upwelling in the mixing region and downwelling along the northern boundary. Meridional motion in the mixing region is consistent with the Sverdrup vorticity balance, with northward flow at depth and southward flow near the surface. The source water for the deep circulation is confined to a narrow range of the coldest temperature classes in the basin, while the middepth subtropical thermocline is filled with warmer deep water that enters the gyre as cold deep water and then is modified in the eastern mixing region.
Global Financial market tribulations-upshots on major Banks costs and profits - A Mauritian perspective

This paper appraises the upshots onMauritian Banks following recent tribulations in global financial markets using data for the period 2000-2011. Using data from Banks’ annual reports, a sample of 9 banks that existed during this period is taken to investigate the impact of recent tribulations in global financial markets on the costs and profits of the banks.Plain OLS results suggest that financial crisis has had no impact on the perfo rmance of the domestic banking sector as shown by the insignificance of the financial dummy variable. To have a more efficient and reliable estimate, the model has been tested using GMM. The GMM results also confirm the insignificance of the financial cris is dummy, which indicates that the Mauritian banking sector is very resilient to external economic and financial shocks.
COUPLED HYDROLOGICAL / HYDRAULIC MODELLING OF RIVER RESTORATION IMPACTS AND FLOODPLAIN HYDRODYNAMICS

Channelization and embankment of rivers has led to major ecological degradation of aquatic habitats worldwide. River restoration can be used to restore favourable hydrological conditions for target species or processes. However, the effects of river restoration on hydraulic and hydrological processes are complex and are often difficult to determine because of the long-term monitoring required before and after restoration works. Our study is based on rarely available, detailed pre-restoration and post-restoration hydrological data collected from a wet grassland meadow in Norfolk, UK, and provides important insights into the hydrological effects of river restoration. Groundwater hydrology and climate were monitored from 2007 to 2010. Based on our data, we developed coupled hydrological/hydraulic models of pre-embankment and post-embankment conditions using the MIKE-SHE/MIKE 11 system. Simulated groundwater levels compared well with observed groundwater. Removal of the river embankments resulted in widespread floodplain inundation at high river flows (>1.7m s ) and frequent localized flooding at the river edge during smaller events (>0.6m s ). Subsequently, groundwater levels were higher and subsurface storage was greater. The restoration had a moderate effect on flood peak attenuation and improved free drainage to the river. Our results suggest that embankment removal can increase river–floodplain hydrological connectivity to form a more natural wetland ecotone, driven by frequent localized flood disturbance. This has important implications for the planning and management of river restoration projects that aim to enhance floodwater storage, floodplain species composition and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. © 2016 The Authors. River Research and Applications Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. key words: river restoration; embankment removal; hydrological model; MIKE SHE; MIKE 11; floodplain; river–floodplain connectivity; flood peak attenuation Received 16 November 2015; Revised 14 March 2016; Accepted 06 April 2016
High-fidelity reduced-order aerodynamic models : application to active control of engine inlets

An unsteady Euler flow solver is developed for subsonic and supersonic duct flows. A linearized solver is derived from the nonlinear set of equations. Results show the accuracy of both formulations. Arnoldi-based model order reduction is reviewed. Both single and multiple frequency point Arnoldi methods are presented. An orthogonal reduced-order basis is generated by iterating system matrices on the input vector at a set of selected points. The full-order system is then projected onto the reduced space. The resulting reduced-order model obtained matches moments of the original model transfer function at each frequency point selected. A specific implementation procedure is presented for a system with singular descriptor matrix, which arises from boundary conditions. A state space system is extracted from the algebraic system and boundary conditions are accounted for in the output via a feedthrough term. Results are presented for linearized analysis of a started supersonic diffuser. Both single point and multiple point Arnoldi methods are applied. The size of the reducedorder models is decreased by two orders of magnitude over the computational fluid dynamics model, while preserving accuracy of the relevant dynamics. Moreover, multiple point Arnoldi outperforms the single point method, and allows a further reduction in the number of states while offering a balance between model size and computational cost. The reduced-order models are used for active shock position control via bleed. The derived controller is shown to be effective for the full-order model, and the dynamics of interest are accurately captured. Thesis Supervisor: Karen E. Willcox Title: Assistant Professor
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: New Insight on Mode of Inheritance among Egyptian Children

Background: No single mode of Inheritance is typical of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Although autosomal dominant (AD) transmission is most common yet the existence of a recessive form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy could neither be established nor disproved. This work aims to report the most common mode of inheritance among children with familial HCM who were recruited from the biggest tertiary referral hospital for young age cardiomyopathy in Egypt. Methodology and Results: This study included ten cases (7 families) with Familial HCM (8 males and 2 females; their mean age was 5.07 ± 2.36 years, ranging from 0.75 to 8.25 years). Each case subjected to threegeneration pedigree construction. Echocardiography was documented in all our cases and their families. In our study AD inheritance could be suspected in 30% of cases who had an affected parent. However, 70% of our cases had an affected relative (same generation), this fact together with the fact that 90% of our cases had positive Consanguinity of their parents support the existence of autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance. Penetrance of HCM is incomplete and age related as most of the cases showed more extensive phenotype and earlier age of presentation compared to their diseased parents. Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH) is considered the most common form of HCM in children. Conclusions and Recommendations: Autosomal recessive inheritance is the most common mode of inheritance among Egyptian patients with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Predictive genetic screening of family members of HCM patient is a must, on an attempt to decrease the risk of SCD.