Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Random Convex Programs with L1-Regularization: Sparsity and Generalization

Random convex programs are convex optimization problems that are robust with respect to a finite number of randomly sampled instances of an uncertain variable $\delta$. This paper studies random convex programs in which there is uncertainty in the objective function. Specifically, let $L(x,\delta)$ be a loss function that is convex in $x$, the optimization variable, while it has an arbitrary dependence on the random variable $\delta$ representing uncertainty in the optimization problem. After sampling $N$ instances $\delta^{(1)}, \delta^{(2)}, \ldots, \delta^{(N)}$ of the random variable $\delta$, the random convex program can be written as follows: $\min_x \max_i L(x,\delta^{(i)})$. The fundamental feature of this program is that its value $L^\ast_N = \max_i L(x^\ast_N,\delta^{(i)})$, where $x^\ast_N$ is the solution, remains guaranteed when $x^\ast_N$ is applied to the vast majority of the other unseen instances of $\delta$; that is, $L(x^\ast_N,\delta) \leq L^\ast_N$ holds with high probability with re.
The effects of prostaglandins E1, A1, and F2a on the cerebral circulation of dogs and monkeys

✓ Alterations in cerebrovascular tone caused by the intracarotid administration of prostaglandin E1, A1, and F2a were evaluated by means of a standard perfusion technique in dogs and monkeys. Only PGF2a evoked a selective increase in cerebrovascular tone. This effect was observed in both species and resembled the action of serotonin. On the other hand, prostaglandin E1 selectively reduced cerebrovascular tone in dogs, but had no such specific action in the monkey. Prostaglandin A1 lacked a specific influence on the cerebral circulation of either species. Since different prostaglandins produced specific and diametrically opposite effects on cerebral circulation, these substances may be useful in experimental studies of vasospasm, and may normally influence cerebrovascular tone.
Counting and Detecting Small Subgraphs via Equations

We present a general technique for detecting and counting small subgraphs. It consists of forming special linear combinations of the numbers of occurrences of different induced subgraphs of fixed size in a graph. These combinations can be efficiently computed by rectangular matrix multiplication. Our two main results utilizing the technique are as follows. Let $H$ be a fixed graph with $k$ vertices and an independent set of size $s. $ 1. Detecting if an $n$-vertex graph contains a (not necessarily induced) subgraph isomorphic to $H$ can be done in time $O(n^{\omega(\lceil (k-s)/2 \rceil, 1, \lfloor (k-s)/2 \rfloor )})$, where $\omega (p,q,r)$ is the exponent of fast arithmetic matrix multiplication of an $n^p\times n^q$ matrix by an $n^q\times n^r$ matrix. 2. When $s=2,$ counting the number of (not necessarily induced) subgraphs isomorphic to $H$ can be done in the same time, i.e., in time $O(n^{\omega(\lceil (k-2)/2 \rceil, 1, \lfloor (k-2)/2 \rfloor )}). $ It follows in particular that we can count the nu.
Suicides in France, 1910-43

During World Wars I and II suicides in France decreased, whereas in the postwar and depression years they increased, reaching an all-time high in 1934. Seventy per cent of all cases were males, except during the war and occupation. While the Germans occupied France, male suicides decreased more than female cases. Suicides in older ages increased during the wars and decreased in the depression. Hanging, drowning, and shooting were the most common methods. During the depression gas cases increased rapidly. Cases of suicide among married women with children increased during the occupation, while those of women without children decreased. During the depression suicides of non-Frenchmen were more numerous than of Frenchmen. Multiple suicides increased during the depression more than sigle cases. Disgrace and poverty (misère) as causes for suicide were increasingly important during the depression and the occupation.
Fast Solution of Parabolic Problems in the Tensor Train/Quantized Tensor Train Format with Initial Application to the Fokker-Planck Equation

In this paper we propose two schemes of using the so-called quantized tensor train (QTT)-approximation for the solution of multidimensional parabolic problems. First, we present a simple one-step implicit time integration scheme using a solver in the QTT-format of the alternating linear scheme (ALS) type. As the second approach, we use the global space-time formulation, resulting in a large block linear system, encapsulating all time steps, and solve it at once in the QTT-format. We prove the QTT-rank estimate for certain classes of multivariate potentials and respective solutions in $(x,t)$ variables. The log-linear complexity of storage and the solution time is observed in both spatial and time grid sizes. The method is applied to the Fokker--Planck equation arising from the beads-springs models of polymeric liquids.
Effects of soothing music on labor pain among Filipino mothers

Background: Labor pain is the most undesirable and unpleasant aspect of labor experience during childbirth. In the Philippines, especially in government hospitals, they seldom receive pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management to reduce pain. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the effect of soothing music on the perception of pain during the latent phase of labor among laboring women in a government hospital. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design with random assignment was utilized in this investigation. Fifty subjects were assigned into either music (n=25) or non-music group (n=25). Participants’ levels of pain were measured utilizing the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and the behavioral rating scale (BRS) for pain at two time period. The non-music group was provided with the usual standard routine of care while the music group was provided with the usual standard routine of care and was exposed music therapy for 30 minutes. Results: Findings revealed that those in the music group had statistically significant reduction in reported pain levels compared to those in the non-music group [VAS (t=7.317, p<0.05) and BRS (t=8.128, p<0.050)]. Conclusion: The finding provides promising result that soothing music during the latent phase of labor provides pain reduction and can be used as part their routine when providing care for women during this stage.
DNA methylation and expression of KCNQ3 in bipolar disorder

Accumulating evidence implicates the potassium voltage‐gated channel, KQT‐like subfamily, member 2 and 3 (KCNQ2 and KCNQ3) genes in the etiology of bipolar disorder (BPD). Reduced KCNQ2 or KCNQ3 gene expression might lead to a loss of inhibitory M‐current and an increase in neuronal hyperexcitability in disease. The goal of the present study was to evaluate epigenetic and gene expression associations of the KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 genes with BPD.
Randomized Solutions to Convex Programs with Multiple Chance Constraints

The scenario-based optimization approach (``scenario approach'') provides an intuitive way of approximating the solution to chance-constrained optimization programs, based on finding the optimal solution under a finite number of sampled outcomes of the uncertainty (``scenarios''). A key merit of this approach is that it neither requires explicit knowledge of the uncertainty set, as in robust optimization, nor of its probability distribution, as in stochastic optimization. The scenario approach is also computationally efficient because it only requires the solution to a convex optimization program, even if the original chance-constrained problem is nonconvex. Recent research has obtained a rigorous foundation for the scenario approach, by establishing a direct link between the number of scenarios and bounds on the constraint violation probability. These bounds are tight in the general case of an uncertain optimization problem with a single chance constraint. This paper shows that the bounds can be improved.
Efficacy and Safety of Hydroquinone, Kojic Acid and Glycolic Acid Combination in the Treatment of Melasma

Background & Methodology: It was an opened clinical trial. The study was carried out from March 2009 to February 2011, in the outpatient department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka, Bangladesh to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of the combination therapy of hydroquinone(HQ), kojic acid(KA) and glycolic acid(GA) for the treatment of melasma. Patients suffering from melasma were selected as study population. Within the period of data collection, thirty patients of melasma were assigned purposively. The efficacy was evaluated using Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) Score. The severity of melasma of each of the four regions (forehead, right malar region, left malar region and chin) are assessed based on three variables, percentage of the total area involved (A), darkness (D) and homogenicity (H). Results: The study showed that majority (30%) of the cases were between 20 to 25 years, majority (77%) of patients were female, (50%) patients were housewives, (50%) were in graduation level of education, (50%) of patients was found as upper class and negative family history was present in majority (80%) of cases. It was seen that highest (93%) number of patients were malar type and 7% were centro-facial type. The study showed the change in MASI Score after treatment with combination therapy (GA 2%, HQ 2% and KA 1%). After 12 weeks of treatment, the average MASI score was decreased by 24.20% indicating mild reduction of the severity of melasma and 18%, 18%, 9% and 55% patients developed side -effects like itching, burning sensation, scaling, and erythema respectively. Conclusion: Combination therapy (GA 2%, HQ 2% and KA 1%) has a few lightening effect on melasma, with no remarkable side effects. Further study should be conducted with large number of sample and longer follow up. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3. 11720 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July’12
Two-Group Infection Age Model Including an Application to Nosocomial Infection

In this article we analyze the global asymptotic behavior of a two-group SI (susceptible--infected) epidemic model with age of infection. We prove that the model exhibits the traditional threshold behavior where the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is less than one, and the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is greater than one. We conclude the paper by presenting an application to nosocomial infections. Moreover some numerical simulations are presented for this application.
On New Sum-Product-Type Estimates

New lower bounds involving sum, difference, product, and ratio sets of a set $A\subset {\mathbb C}$ are given. The estimates involving the sum set match, up to constants, the state-of-the-art estimates, proven by Solymosi for the reals and are obtained by generalizing his approach to the complex plane. The bounds involving the difference set improve the currently best known ones, also due to Solymosi, in both the real and complex cases by means of combining the Szemeredi--Trotter theorem with an arithmetic combinatorics technique.
Cognitive variability in bipolar II disorder: who is cognitively impaired and who is preserved

Although it is well established that euthymic patients with bipolar disorder can have cognitive impairment, substantial heterogeneity exists and little is known about the extent and severity of impairment within the bipolar II disorder subtype. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze cognitive variability in a sample of patients with bipolar II disorder.
Anisotropic Error Estimates and Space Adaptivity for a Semidiscrete Finite Element Approximation of the Transient Transport Equation

A stabilized semidiscrete finite element discretization of the transient transport equation is studied in the framework of anisotropic meshes. A priori and a posteriori error estimates are derived, the involved constants being independent of the mesh aspect ratio, only space discretization being considered. Numerical results on nonadapted, anisotropic meshes and small time steps confirm the sharpness of the theoretical predictions. An anisotropic, adaptive finite element algorithm is then proposed with the goal to control the $L^2$ error in space at final time, the time step being kept constant. Numerical results are then presented on anisotropic, adapted meshes and small time steps. Three different methods are proposed to interpolate the solution between two adapted meshes. Numerical results indicate that both the conservative interpolation method of [F. Alauzet and M. Mehrenberger, Internat. J. Numer. Methods Engrg. , 84 (2010), pp. 1552--1588] or the $L^2$ projection advocated in [P. E. Farrell et al., .
Resting state functional connectivity in women with bipolar disorder during clinical remission

Periods of euthymia in bipolar disorder (BD) serve as a valuable time to study trait‐based pathophysiology. The use of resting state functional connectivity (Rs‐FC) can aid in the understanding of BD pathophysiology free of task or mood state biases. The present study investigated two unexplored areas of Rs‐FC research in bipolar remission: (i) Rs‐FC in women, controlling for the potential influence of premenstrual symptoms, and (ii) the use of both independent component analysis (ICA) and seed‐based analysis (SBA) to investigate Rs‐FC.
Compressive Strength Characteristics of the Human Vertebral Centrum

Isolated human thoracic vertebral bodies were systematically subjected to compressive loads at three different strain rates over four orders of magnitude. Each vertebra was crushed to 50% of its original length. High-speed motion picture films were taken of each test event. Static, quasistatic, and dynamic material property data were collected and included ultimate load, deformation to ultimate load, stiffness, and energy to ultimate load. Analysis and interpretation of high-speed motion films indicated that whenever the vertebral body is loaded in compression it deforms, and the deformation applies pressure on the marrow contents. This internal hydraulic effect may be a contributory factor to the observed nonlinear increase in strength as strain rate increases. The response of the marrow with respect to the deformation of the vertebral centrum is described. When the compressive load was removed, all vertebrae began a recovery process. The general features of this restoration process are described. The mechanism or mechanisms by which recovery takes place are not fully understood.
Psychopharmacological treatment of psychotic mania and psychotic bipolar depression compared to non‐psychotic mania and non‐psychotic bipolar depression

OBJECTIVES An evidence base for the treatment of mania and bipolar depression with psychotic symptoms is lacking. Nevertheless, clinicians may have a preference for treating episodes of bipolar disorder with or without psychotic symptoms in different ways, which is likely to reflect notions of differential efficacy of treatments between these subtypes. This study aimed to investigate whether the psychopharmacological treatment of psychotic and non-psychotic episodes of mania and bipolar depression, respectively, differs in clinical practice. METHODS We conducted a register-based study assessing the psychopharmacological treatment of all individuals receiving their first diagnosis of mania or bipolar depression between 2010 and 2012. The psychopharmacological treatment within 3 months following the time of diagnosis was considered. Potential differences in psychopharmacological treatment between the psychotic and non-psychotic subtypes of mania and bipolar depression, respectively, were investigated by means of Pearson's χ2 test and logistic regression adjusted for sex and age at diagnosis of bipolar disorder. RESULTS A total of 827 patients were included in the analyses. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for treatment with an antipsychotic was 1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-2.48, P<.01) for psychotic mania and 3.89 (95% CI: 1.95-7.76, P<.001) for psychotic bipolar depression. The aOR for treatment with the combination of an antipsychotic and an anticonvulsant was 1.60 (95% CI: 1.06-2.43, P<.05) for psychotic mania. The aOR for treatment with the combination of an antipsychotic and an antidepressant was 2.50 (95% CI: 1.43-4.37, P<.01) for bipolar psychotic depression. CONCLUSIONS It would be of interest to conduct studies evaluating whether antipsychotics represent the superior pharmacological treatment for psychotic mania and psychotic bipolar depression.
Prevalence of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Chronic Fatigue Within Families of CFS Patients

AbstractThe prevalence of CFS (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) and chronic fatigue were investigated in family members of CFS patients using a questionnaire-based study. Significant differences were seen between the prevalence of CFS in all groups of family members relative to the published community prevalence of 0.422% (spouses/partners: 3.2%, p < 0.001; offspring: 5.1%, p < .001; parents and siblings: 1.1%, p < 0.02; second and third degree blood relatives 0.8%, p < 0.02). The prevalence of CFS was higher in genetically unrelated household contacts and in nonresident genetic relatives than in the community, indicating that both household contact and genetic relationship are risk factors for CFS.
Asymptotic Stability of the Stationary Solution for a Parabolic-Hyperbolic Free Boundary Problem Modeling Tumor Growth

This paper studies asymptotic behavior of solutions of a free boundary problem modeling the growth of tumors with two species of cells: proliferating cells and quiescent cells. In previous literature it has been proved that this problem has a unique stationary solution which is asymptotically stable in the limit case $\varepsilon=0$. In this paper we consider the more realistic case $0<\varepsilon\ll 1$. In this case, after suitable reduction the model takes the form of a coupled system of a parabolic equation and a hyperbolic system, so that it is more difficult than the limit case $\varepsilon=0$. By using some unknown variable transform as well as the similarity transform technique developed in our previous work, we prove that the stationary solution is also asymptotically stable in the case $0<\varepsilon\ll 1$.
Alcohol: Effects on Nutritional Status, Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure

Alcohol consumption can be the cause of several diseases. Depending on the frequency and quantity, the consumption of alcohol may increase the risk of malnutrition, weight-gain, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to review the influence of alcohol intake on nutritional status, lipid profile and blood pressure. The review shows that the additional consumption of ethanol calories will favor weight gain and metabolic changes and may engrave the risk of cardiovascular diseases, altering the lipid profile and promoting hypertension. Recommending a moderate use of alcohol with the purpose of taking advantage of its health benefits must not be done. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.4021/jem128e
Implicit Methods for Equation-Free Analysis: Convergence Results and Analysis of Emergent Waves in Microscopic Traffic Models

We introduce a general formulation for an implicit equation-free method in the setting of slow-fast systems. First, we give a rigorous convergence result for equation-free analysis showing that the implicitly defined coarse-level time stepper converges to the true dynamics on the slow manifold within an error that is exponentially small with respect to the small parameter measuring time scale separation. Second, we apply this result to the idealized traffic modeling problem of phantom jams generated by cars with uniform behavior on a circular road. The traffic jams are waves that travel slowly against the direction of traffic. Equation-free analysis enables us to investigate the behavior of the microscopic traffic model on a macroscopic level. The standard deviation of cars' headways is chosen as the macroscopic measure of the underlying dynamics such that traveling wave solutions correspond to equilibria on the macroscopic level in the equation-free setup. The collapse of the traffic jam to the free flow.
Occupational stress in health service workers in the UK

Levels of occupational stress were examined in 1176 employees of all occupational groups within one large UK health authority. In comparison with the most recently established normative group of workers from non-health care sectors, health workers reported significantly greater pressure at work but scored lower on measures of Type A behaviour pattern and employed coping strategies more frequently. The health care workers reported, in contrast with previous studies, fewer symptoms of mental ill-health and similar levels of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction and psychosomatic ill-health were related to sickness absence among health workers. Approximately one in 12 health workers had stress symptoms of equal magnitude to patients attending clinical psychology outpatient clinics. The major occupational groups within the health worker sample were compared on stress measures. General managers were found to report the lowest levels of pressure, were high on Type A (nearly as high as doctors), were found to be the most ‘internal’ in their perceived locus of control, had the lowest levels of ill-health symptoms, the highest levels of job satisfaction and the lowest sickness absence rate. Nurses reported the highest levels of pressure. Ancillary staff and scientists and technicians, on the other hand, had very low levels of job satisfaction and high sickness absence.
Discrete Conservation Laws on Curved Surfaces II: A Dual Approach

In this paper we discuss discrete conservation laws for diffusion equations over triangular surface meshes from the viewpoint of duality. Conservation laws are very important for us to model physical phenomenon on curved spaces. The key idea of our method is to use the concept of local dual meshes, which are determined by the centroid points of the triangles in the original meshes. The Green formula will provide us a natural way to give a discrete approximation of the Laplace--Beltrami operators on functions over curved regular surfaces. Then, we shall show that discrete conservation laws are fulfilled on the dual meshes for our algorithm. Moreover, our discrete Laplace--Beltrami operators have the local property: it only involves the information on the 1-ring of neighboring vertices. Note that this approach is quite different from the finite element/difference method, used very often in the filed of numerical analysis. Some convergence problems will also be discussed. Numerical simulations are given to s.