Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple hok genes on the chromosome of Escherichia coli

The hok/sok locus of plasmid R1 mediates plasmid stabilization by the killing of plasmid‐free cells. Many bacterial plasmids carry similar loci. For example, the F plasmid carries two hok homologues, flm and srnB, that mediate plasmid stabilization by this specialized type of programmed cell death. Here, we show that the chromosome of E. coli K‐12 codes for five hok homologous loci, all of which specify Hok‐like toxins. Three of the loci appear to be inactivated by the insertion elements IS150 or IS186 located close to but not in the toxin‐encoding reading frames (i.e. hokA, hokC and hokE ), one system is probably inactivated by point mutation (hokB ), whereas the fifth system is inactivated by a major genetic rearrangement (hokD ). In the ECOR collection of wild‐type E. coli strains, we identified hokA and hokC loci without IS elements. A molecular and a genetic analysis show that the hokA and hokC loci specify unstable antisense RNAs and stable toxin‐encoding mRNAs that are processed at their 3′ ends. An alignment of the mRNA sequences reveals all the regulatory elements known to be required for correct folding and refolding of the plasmid‐encoded mRNAs. The conserved elements include fbi that ensure a long‐range interaction in the full‐length mRNAs, and tac and antisense RNA target stem–loops that are required for translation and rapid antisense RNA binding of the processed mRNAs. Consistently, we find that the chromosome‐encoded mRNAs are processed at their 3′ ends, resulting in the presumed translationally active mRNAs. Despite the presence of all of the regulatory elements, the chromosome‐encoded loci do not mediate plasmid stabilization by killing of plasmid‐free cells. The chromosome‐encoded mRNAs are poorly translated in vitro, thus yielding an explanation for the lacking phenotype. These observations suggest that the chromosomal hok‐like genes may be induced by an as yet unknown signal.
AgarCyto: A Novel Cell-processing Method for Multiple Molecular Diagnostic Analyses of the Uterine Cervix

SUMMARY In diagnostic cytology, it has been advocated that molecular techniques will improve cytopathological diagnosis and may predict clinical course. Ancillary molecular techniques, however, can be applied only if a sufficient number of preparations are made from a single cell sample. We have developed the AgarCyto cell block procedure for multiple molecular diagnostic analyses on a single scraping from the uterine cervix. The optimized protocol includes primary fixation and transport in ethanol/carbowax, secondary fixation in Unifix, and embedding in 2% agarose and then in paraffin according to a standard protocol for biopsies. More than 20 microscopic specimens were produced from a single AgarCyto cell block, and standard laboratory protocols have been successfully applied for H&E staining, immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and p53, and in situ hybridization for the centromere of human chromosome 1 and human papilloma virus Type 16. In addition, single AgarCyto sections yielded sufficient input DNA for specific HPV detection and typing by LiPA-PCR, and the protocol includes an option for DNA image cytometry. The AgarCyto cell block protocol is an excellent tool for inventory studies of diagnostic and potentially prognostic molecular markers of cervical cancer.
The changing landscape of OSH regulation in the UK

This report presents key findings of a research project on the changing landscape of OSH regulation in the UK. Understanding the changing landscape of OSH regulation and standards and its implications are of central importance for ensuring that OSH outcomes are not compromised and the needs of different types of organisations are met. This project examined the landscape of OSH in the UK since its origin and in particular looked at how regulation of OSH has evolved over time. It considered both policy and practice issues as well as the role of key stakeholders in this process with a view to identify how the right balance can be achieved to promote health and safety going forward. To achieve its aims, a qualitative methodology was implemented in five stages: a. a literature and policy review, including a comparative analysis with other countries; b. case study analysis; c. stakeholder interviews, d. stakeholder workshops including focus groups; and e. research output synthesis.
Higher Education Students’ Behaviour to Adopt Mobile Learning

Mobile phone is an electronic device most often used by Y generation in Indonesia. This ages have become an important part in the growth of higher education in this country. The problem raised in this study is that very few students in higher education are adopting and accessing digital learning content using mobile phones. The objective of this study is to investigate the higher education students’ behaviour in using mobile learning. The research method used is Structural equation models (SEM) method to analyse the factors that influence higher education students’ behaviour in using mobile learning. The results of this study indicate tends of this student 85% to keep internet access in privacy. The majority of respondent is 78% having behaviour to keep adopting mobile learning and still use it in the future. Why? because this study shows that on the level of usability, easy to use, easy to learn, in various devices have a significant effect on the level of adoption of mobile learning. Implication of this study is higher education students’ behaviour of especially Y generation tends to prioritize the usability towards mobile learning and will continue to adopt mobile learning in the future.
Characterization and Bioactivity Evaluation of (Polyetheretherketone/Polyglycolicacid)-Hydroyapatite Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration

Bioactivity and biocompatibility are crucial for tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAP) was incorporated into polyetheretherketone/polyglycolicacid (PEEK/PGA) hybrid to improve its biological properties, and the composite scaffolds were developed via selective laser sintering (SLS). The effects of HAP on physical and chemical properties of the composite scaffolds were investigated. The results demonstrated that HAP particles were distributed evenly in PEEK/PGA matrix when its content was no more than 10 wt %. Furthermore, the apatite-forming ability became better with increasing HAP content after immersing in simulated body fluid (SBF). Meanwhile, the composite scaffolds presented a greater degree of cell attachment and proliferation than PEEK/PGA scaffolds. These results highlighted the potential of (PEEK/PGA)-HAP scaffolds for tissue regeneration.
Traitement du signal et images LC/MS pour la recherche de biomarqueurs

La spectrometrie de masse LC/MS est une technique de chimie analytique tres prometteuse pour la recherche de biomarqueurs proteiques. Cette these aborde la correction de certaines distortions : l'alignement des images LC/MS et la normalisation des intensites. Nous etudions ensuite un detecteur de signaux a contrario et calculons la limite de detection.
Perineal analgesia with an ice pack after spontaneous vaginal birth: a randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the effectiveness of an ice pack applied for 20 minutes to alleviate perineal pain after spontaneous vaginal birth. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial at the Amparo Maternal Birth Center in São Paulo, Brazil. Study participants included 114 nulliparous women divided into 3 groups (n = 38 per group): experimental (ice packs on the perineum), placebo (water packs at set temperature), and control (no treatment). RESULTS A numerical scale (0 to 10) was used for pain assessment. A comparison of the average pain at the beginning and after 20 minutes showed a significant reduction of pain (P < .001) in the 3 groups, and the experimental group had a lower average score for pain compared with the control group (1.6 versus 3.3, P = .032). DISCUSSION The use of ice packs for 20 minutes was effective for perineal pain relief after vaginal birth.
Mycobacterium avium Complex in Domestic and Wild Animals

Mycobacteria from the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) cause a variety of diseases in‐ cluding tuberculosis-like disease in humans and birds, disseminated infections in AIDS pa‐ tients and otherwise immunocompromised patients, lymphadenitis in humans and mammals and paratuberculosis in ruminants. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiologic agent of Johne ́s disease in cattle and it has been identified in human patients with Crohn’s disease. The MAC comprises slow growing mycobacteria that are ubiquitous in the environment (soil and water), and have a wide source range, causing disease in various do‐ mestic and wild mammals and birds [1].
Export innovation of SMEs through the extensive margin in Latin America

In Latin America and the Caribbean, there is little direct evidence on export innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises in (SMEs). This type of innovation refers to the adaptation of products and business processes to technical standards, tastes and other customer requirements in the target markets. The successful fulfillment of these requirements by a firm can be measured indirectly through the sale of a new product to an existing market, the entry of an existing product to a new destination, or both. These movements can be measured using firm-level customs data, as is done in this study for Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Mexico for the period 2000 to 2015. The results confirm the well-known fact that a high share of SMEs enter and leave the universe of exporting firms each year. Among the four countries, exporting SMEs in Costa Rica had the lowest entry and exit rates and the highest survival rates. On average, SMEs in Costa Rica and Mexico incorporated more new products into their export basket than those in Chile and Colombia. This is because SMEs in the latter two countries exported mostly natural resources concentrated in few products, while SMEs in the former two countries were selling a relatively more diversified basket of manufactures. Within the sample, Costa Rica was the country where exporting SMEs added more destinations to their export basket each year. In contrast, Mexico was the one where SMEs added the smallest number of new destinations (less than one) on average, due to their great dependence on the United States as an export market. Export innovation is also analyzed with respect to the three dimensions (firms, products, and markets) simultaneously. For this purpose, the change in export value of each firm during this period is broken down into two parts. The first is the intensive margin, which refers to the change in export value of the same firms selling the same products to the same destinations. The second is the extensive margin, which has two components: (i) the extensive margin of entry (which reveals export innovation), including new combinations of companies, products and target markets, and (ii) the extensive margin of exit, referring to combinations of companies, products and destination markets that cease to exist. In all countries except Costa Rica, the extensive margin contributed proportionately more to the growth of exports of SMEs than to that of large companies. In Chile and Colombia, export innovation was concentrated in selling existing products to new markets. In contrast, in Costa Rica and Mexico the export of new products to established destinations was the predominant type of export innovation.
An evaluation of the Junior Master Gardener program in third grade classrooms.

Studies have shown gardening to have the potential to influence students in several positive ways. The hands-on and informal learning that occurs in these outdoor areas can be incorporated into all areas of the curriculum, fostering environmental awareness and increased interest in science. Junior Master Gardener (JMG) was chosen to be evaluated in 14 Indiana third grade classrooms as little formal classroom usage data exists for the program. It was hypothesized that the use of the program could help improve agriculture awareness and knowledge in youth. Quantitative and qualitative instruments and observations were utilized in a effort to evaluate knowledge gain and change of attitude towards the topics covered by the JMG curriculum; science, horticulture, and the environment. Student pre and post test results indicated overall significant gains in knowledge and attitudes. Performance was not attributed to student age, gender, race, or location of the school, although those schools with a garden achieved more positive gains in attitude and specific performance varied according to classroom. Qualitative data also indicated that the students enjoyed the program, shared what they learned with others, and wanted to participate in more JMG and gardening type activities. Teachers indicated that they were satisfied with the program in their classrooms and planned to reuse their JMG materials for future classes. Dirks, A and K. S. Orvis. 2005. Evaluation of the Junior Master Gardener® Program in Indiana Third Grade Classrooms. HortTechnology, 15(3): 443-447. Dirks, A. and K. S. Orvis. 2003. Using Gardening as a Teaching Tool for Science Achievement and Attitudes in Third Grade Classrooms. HortScience 38(6): 1272. (abstract for presentation at ASHS 2003 Annual Meeting, Providence, RI)
Intercollegiate Social Media Education Ecosystem

The popularity of social media among students and practitioners has encouraged marketing educators to find ways to incorporate social media into their classrooms. We offer results from an intercollegiate collaboration that provides an innovative learning environment through a social media education ecosystem. Participating students discuss current marketing topics with peers, marketing practitioners, and faculty to reinforce course concepts, improve learning perceptions, and increase professional communication skills and networking opportunities. An initial exploratory study provides a snapshot of Twitter analytics, illustrating the reach of students’ marketing-related discussions. Next, survey data collected from students show increased learning satisfaction and favorable behavioral intentions. Finally, tweets from the 12-week project were analyzed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Results suggest that participants improved their professional communication skills while using language that provokes greater cognitive processes. Implications for marketing educators and future directions for the project are also provided.
Discrimination, Managers, and Firm Performance: Evidence from “Aryanizations” in Nazi Germany

Large-scale increases in discrimination can lead to dismissals of highly qualified managers. We investigate how expulsions of senior Jewish managers, due to rising discrimination in Nazi Germany, affected large corporations. Firms that lost Jewish managers experienced persistent reductions in stock prices, dividends, and returns on assets. Aggregate market value fell by roughly 1.8% of German GNP because of the expulsions. Managers who served as key connectors to other firms and managers who were highly educated were particularly important for firm performance. The findings imply that individual managers drive firm performance. Discrimination against qualified business leaders causes first-order economic losses.
Reponse dynamique d'un milieu quasi-fragile modelisation et aspects mathematiques application a la compression et a la flexion du beton

Ce travail presente l'investigation de la reponse dynamique d'une structure soumise a un chargement dynamique, tel que celui provoque par une explosion. Les structures concernees sont des elements de type barre, poutre ou plaque en beton. Les chargements dynamiques envisages sont deterministes et on met en oeuvre un calcul de la reponse de ces structures en utilisant une modelisation du comportement entrant dans le cadre de la theorie de l'endommagement des materiaux quasi-fragiles. Cette modelisation inclut des aspects rheologiques en prenant en consideration la sensibilite a la vitesse de deformation et a l'acceleration de cette derniere. Dans la premiere partie nous formulons un modele mathematique de comportement lineaire pour une structure unidimensionnelle. La formulation mathematique aboutit a un operateur integro-differentiel de type voltera ; il a ete discute de l'existence de solution et montre la regularite de celle-ci sur le plan mathematique par l'application du theoreme du point fixe de banach, en se servant du lemme de gronwall, du lemme de paley-wieiner et du theoreme d'injection de sobolev. Une etude dimensionnelle du probleme physique et une analyse de la dispersion des ondes ont montre l'aspect dispersif du milieu et l'existence d'un parametre qui caracterise la zone de localisation. La seconde partie est consacree au cote numerique pour le probleme formule en deplacement et en systeme a trois champs. Nous presentons un modele de comportement non lineaire auquel on a apporte une contribution numerique avec une confrontation a l'experimentation (simulation de l'essai de compression a la barre de hopkinson). La troisieme partie aborde le probleme de la flexion des poutres avec une modelisation mathematique inspiree du modele monodimensionnel, en traitant les phases de charge et decharge et en utilisant un chargement issu d'une explosion lui aussi modelise. La confrontation a l'experimentation est assez satisfaisante. Enfin, en annexe, nous proposons une extension bidimensionnelle du principe de la modelisation appliquee a des plaques.
Insider Trading Restrictions and Analysts' Incentives to Follow Firms

Motivated by extant finance theory predicting that insider trading crowds out private information acquisition by outsiders, we use data for 100 countries for the years 1987-2000 to study whether analyst following in a country increases following restriction of insider trading activities. We document that analyst following increases after initial enforcement of insider trading laws. This increase is concentrated in emerging market countries, but is smaller if the country has previously liberalized its capital market. We also find that analyst following responds less intensely to initial enforcement when a country has a preexisting portfolio of strong investor protections. Copyright 2005 by The American Finance Association.
The Influence of Role Conflict, Complexity of Assignment, Role Obscurity and Locus of Control on Internal Auditor Performance

This research was conducted in a hospitality company in the Province of Bali by targeting internal auditors as respondents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of role conflict, task complexity, role obscurity and locus of control on the internal performance of the auditors of star-rated hotel. The technique of determining samples by simple random sampling and using data collection methods through questionnaires given to 100 respondents. Data analysis used to obtain accurate results is ordinary least square with the results of the analysis showing that role conflict and role obscurity do not have a significant influence on the performance of the internal auditor of the hotel. Whereas the complexity of the task and locus of control was stated to have a significant effect on the internal performance of auditors of star-rated hotels in Bali.
Vascular and cardiac overexpression of endothelin‐1 gene in one‐kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats but only in the late phase of two‐kidney one clip Goldblatt hypertension

Objective To investigate a model of experimental hypertension that exhibits severe hypertrophy of small blood vessels but in which deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and salt are absent: the one-kidney, one clip model of Goldblatt renovascular hypertension, which is non-renin-dependent, and compare it with the renin-dependent two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rat, in which additionally vascular hypertrophy is less severe. Methods Endothelin-1 gene expression in blood vessels and in the heart was examined by Northern blot analysis. Results After 2 or 4 weeks of application of the silver clip to unilaterally nephrectomized rats, the aorta and mesenteric arteries exhibited a significant increase in the intensity of the 2.3kb band corresponding to hybridization with endothelin-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in comparison with results obtained in control unilaterally nephrectomized rats. No increase was noted in the blood vessels of the two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rat at 2 or 4 weeks, but significant increases were found at 8 weeks in aorta, but not in mesenteric arteries. Cardiac abundance of endothelin-1 mRNA was also increased in ventricles and in the left atria of one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats, but only in the late phase (at 8 weeks) in two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats. Conclusion Because one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats presented severe vascular hypertrophy whereas two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats only did so in the late phase of hypertension, these results lend further support to there being a relationship between vascular hypertrophy and endothelin-1 vascular overexpression in experimental models of hypertension. They also demonstrate that enhancement of the expression of endothelin-1 gene in blood vessels and in the heart of hypertensive rats may occur in the absence of exposure to DOCA and salt, and that endothelin-1 gene overexpression in experimental hypertension occurs early in non-renin-dependent, volume-expanded models such as the one-kidney, one clip or the DOCA-salt hypertensive rat, but only in the progressively non-renin-dependent late phase of the initially renin-dependent volume-contracted two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rat.
Exploring ‘Housing Asset-based Welfare’. Can the UK be Held Up as an Example for Europe?

In the UK, homeownership has become increasingly important as a financial asset used for welfare needs, particularly during old age. It has been suggested that other European countries will follow the example of the UK. Traditionally, homeownership has been regarded positively because of the low housing expenses associated with outright ownership and the financial benefit of having a nest-egg that can be released, if needed, by selling. New mortgage equity release products reduce liquidity constraints and are regarded as promising in the context of changing welfare states. This research focuses on household strategies. It finds that housing assets play a role in households' financial planning in all countries within the study, particularly where welfare levels are low or decreasing. Homeownership was used in the traditional way in all countries, but it is only in the UK that households have adopted mortgage equity release products to cash in their housing equity for welfare needs.