Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of weaning foods formulated from germinated wheat and mungbean from Bangladesh

The aim of this study was to develop a weaning food for the children of Bangladesh by using available resources, for this purpose five weaning formulations (F1 to F5) based on germinated wheat and mungbean sugar and skim milk powder were processed and evaluated. For preparation of germinated wheat and mungbean flour, seeds were soaked in water for 12 h at 30°C ± 2, germinated for 60 h at 33.5°C ± 2 in a seed germinator, dried at 60°C for 8 h, dehulled, roasted at 145°C 2 min and milled, after which weaning foods formulations samples were developed by mixing the ingredients. The prepared formulations samples were investigated for proximate composition, functional properties (bulk density, water and oil absorption capacities, swelling power and water soluble index) and sensory evaluation. The proximate composition results indicated that the moisture for (5.26 to 5.12), protein (28.627 to 17.325), ash (3.144 to 2.609) crude fiber (1.865 to 1.321) and carbohydrate (69.561 to 60.2456) were significantly different (p > 0.05) but were within the range of the standard specifications for weaning foods. Fat content (1.336 to 1.234), however, was low when compared to the standard specifications even though values were significantly different (p>0.05) when compared with the formulations. Calculated values for total energy provided by the blends ranged from 377.825 to 376.600 kcal/100 g dry matter which was significantly different (p > 0.05). The functional properties of weaning food formulations were not significantly (p >0.01) different. The overall acceptability score was highest (7.45) in F3 weaning food followed by F4 (7.20) ranging from ‘like slightly’ to ‘like moderately. The F3 weaning food was satisfactorily acceptable. The composition and functional properties of F3 (44% wheat flour 36% mungbean flour, 10% skim milk powder and 10% sugar) and F2 (56% wheat flour 24% mungbean flour, 10% skim milk powder and 10% sugar) formulations were close compared to the standard specifications and hence have a good potential for use as weaning foods.
An Item Response Theory analysis of the Revised Token Test in normally developing native Spanish speaking children

Revised Token Test (RTT) is a proven sensitivity test for the evaluation of language comprehension. There is little evidence regarding the psychometric properties of the same in children. Similarly, many facts about the facilities of the item response theory (IRT) will not contribute to study these properties in neuropsychological tests and even less when applied to these populations.Thus, the objectives were to assess the psychometric properties of the RTT test population of children with normal development and also show the utility of the IRT models type of neuropsychological assessments. The sample consisted of a total of 250 healthy spanish-speaking children from 4 to 12 years old living in the city of Guadalajara (Mexico). This sample was divided into two groups,the older younger children (4-9 years) and (10 to 12 years). The results suggest high sensitivity of the RTT sample at different ages and also an excellent discriminant validity in both groups. In addition, the test allowed to properly classify different levels of skills related to language and other latent traits.
Status of Integrated Science Instruction in Junior Secondary Schools of China: An Exploratory Study

Integrated science curriculum has been implemented in the junior secondary level in China for two decades. However, the implementation of the integrated science curriculum is behind expectation in most provinces. Various challenges encountered by science teachers in their instruction of integrated science were reported but without fine-grained investigation. Here, we present a study on exploring the instruction of integrated science in secondary level for exposing major problems in details in the science classroom. In this study, a series of classroom observation instruments were used for collecting and analyzing data on teachers’ performance on lesson enactment. Teacher verbal behavior, instructional organization, instructional content, and student verbal behavior and learning activities were adopted and examined. Findings revealed that students were provided with limited opportunities for participating and engaging in learning as science teachers were dominant in classroom talk. The teachers highlighted the integration of knowledge within one subject (within-subject knowledge), but undermined the integration of knowledge between subjects (cross-subject knowledge), which led to the unsuccessful instruction of the integrative content. And their inadequate competencies in designing and teaching STS content, scientific inquiry, and scientific experiments also affected the quality of integrated science instruction.
Sobolev-type inequalities and eigenvalue growth on graphs with finite measure

In this note we study the eigenvalue growth of infinite graphs with discrete spectrum. We assume that the corresponding Dirichlet forms satisfy certain Sobolev-type inequalities and that the total measure is finite. In this sense, the associated operators on these graphs display similarities to elliptic operators on bounded domains in the continuum. Specifically, we prove lower bounds on the eigenvalue growth and show by examples that corresponding upper bounds can not be established.
Prevalence of pathogens causing subclinical mastitis in Argentinean dairy herds.

Received: Revised: Accepted: February 18, 2013 June 17, 2013 July 07, 2013 The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of different mastitis pathogens in Argentinean dairy farms. Composite milk samples were collected of 2296 cows from 51 randomly selected herds in Cordoba, Argentina. Somatic cell count was determined in all samples and bacterial examination of the milk samples with a SCC exceeding 200,000 cells/mL was performed. Of all the cows, 54% were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis (SCC ≥200,000/mL). Bacteria were isolated in 83.1% of milk samples subjected to bacteriological analysis. The most frequently isolated pathogen was coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (52.1%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (21.3%), Corynebacterium spp. (5.2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (4.4%) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (4.4%). This study demonstrates that among the major pathogens isolated, the contagious bacteria caused most of the subclinical infections of dairy cows in Cordoba, Argentina. Moreover, CNS was the most relevant group of minor pathogens causing subclinical mastitis. ©2013 PVJ. All rights reserved
Growth and Happiness in the Human Personality Rien Havens California Institute for Integral Studies

This paper explores stages and styles of meaning making in a population at Kegan’s (1982) developmental levels 3 through 5. It is a qualitative study of the relationship between adult personality development and how individuals speak about meaning and wellbeing in their lives. Nineteen participants ranging widely in age and socio-economic class were selected informally through connections with the researchers, and snowball sampling. They were chosen from an original group of 50, based on informal interviews suggesting that they had achieved Kegan’s developmental levels of “Socialized Mind” (stage 3), or especially “Self-Authoring Mind” (stage 4) or “Self-Transforming Mind” (stage 5). The subject-object interview (Lahey et al., 1988) was chosen for the study because it is a powerful instrument for examining adult developmental complexity in the context of a flexible variety of topics, in our case especially how the participants describe experiences of meaning making around the topic of wellbeing. In this investigation it was found that people experience wellbeing differently as meaning-making structures shift from concrete to more flexible and expansive developmental organizations. Here wellbeing was examined in exploratory interviews, allowing participants to talk openly. The study was able to capture and organize ways experiences of wellbeing shift in conscious across these three developmental levels. The participants articulated conscious links between experiences of wellbeing and experiences of more complex developmental stages, and many of the participants at higher developmental stages described a connection between altruistic thoughts and behaviors, and the highest levels of wellbeing.
Earthquake spectra and near‐source attenuation in the Cascadia subduction zone

f � 1 for slow events and as f � 2 for fast earthquakes. We show that at least in Cascadia, wave propagation effects likely control spectral decay rates above � 2 Hz. We use seismograms from multiple small-aperture arrays to estimate the spectral decay rates of near-source spectra of 37 small ‘events’ and find strong correlation between source location and decay rate. The decay rates (1) vary overall by an amount in excess of that inferred to distinguish slow sources from fast earthquakes, (2) are indistinguishable for sources separated by a few tens of km or less, and (3) separate into two populations that correlate with propagation through and outside a low-velocity zone imaged tomographically. We find that some events repeat, as is characteristic of low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs), but have spectra similar to those of non-repeating earthquakes. We also find no correlation between spectral decay rates and rates of ambient tremor activity. These results suggest that earthquakes near the plate boundary, at least in Cascadia, do not distinctly separate into ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ classes, and correctly accounting for propagation effects is necessary to characterize sources.
Does the Baccetti’s Method of Establishing of Skeletal Age Have Clinical Impotance?

Background. Proper and complete orthodontic diagnosis requires assessment to determine the skeletal age and predicted remaining growth. There are many methods for assessing the estimated growth, including the assessment of skeletal maturity based on the bones of the wrist, a method that is still commonly used by pediatricians. Looking for the appropriate method that could be used by orthodontists, researchers are taking into account the bone age assessment method on the basis of the cervical vertebrae seen on lateral cephalograms. One such method was published in 2000 by Baccetti et al., and was modified by the same authors two years later. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical usefulness of Baccetti’s method of establishing skeletal age. The aim was to check whether the method is unambiguous and reproducible for independent researchers. Material and Methods. The study included 25 cephalometric images of the skull. Four independent researchers rated the stages of cervical CVMS. The results were statistically analyzed and evaluated using the ICC index. Results. Baccetti’s indicator obtained an ICC value 0.691. Not taking into account one of the researchers each time, the ICC value was 0.645–0.736, which gives fair to excellent correlation coefficiency. Conclusions. The results show that the method is strongly subjective and is not an easy one to use. Discrepancies in the evaluation of individual researchers might suggest difficulties in the effective detection of the peak growth in clinical practice. Further research is needed (Dent. Med. Probl. 2013, 50, 4, 449–453).
Digital Competences of Maria Grzegorzewska Academy of Special Education Students - Method and Results of a Survey

Author analyses the use of new technologies by the pedagogy students from the generation of digital natives focusing on using the functions of mobile electronic devices and basic functions of Internet. Data has been collected with Google Forms. They allow to collect the data very quick, to see the responses immediately and to export the data to a spreadsheet. The aim of the study is to determine the level of student’s competence on the chosen field of information technology. Research shows that students have lower skills than they declare. Author advocates that this situation needs to be improved.
The Impact of Policy Shocks on Financial Structure: Empirical Results from Japan

This study examines the relationship between Japan’s financial structure and the country’s fiscal/monetary policy. Vector Error Correction models are utilized to investigate the effect of policy shocks on financial structure development during a sample period of 48 years. Our findings reveal signs of an existing long-run relationship between policy variables and financial structure. Policymakers in Japan may have effectively influenced Japan’s financial structure development via fiscal and monetary actions. This result strengthens the assumption of a volatile financial structure due to policy interference. This study is the first of its kind and is intended to stimulate further research and debate.
Assessment of soil-atmosphere exchange of green house gases and their environmental factors in tropical dry deciduous forest and eucalyptus plantation at central Gujarat, Western India

The effects of land use and land use change on soil green house gas (GHG) fluxes are concerned due to Kyoto protocol requirement. Carbon dioxide, CH4 and N2O fluxes, emission and global warming potential from soil under a tropical dry deciduous forest and Eucalyptus plantation at Mogari, central Gujarat, Western India were measured for three months (February- April, 2011) at fifteen days intervals using closed static chamber technique and gas chromatography method. However, little information is known about the effects of natural forest and plantation on soil-atmosphere greenhouse gas (GHG) exchanges. The mean soil N2O and CO2 emissions in the Eucalyptus plantation (EP) recorded were 0.18 mg N m −2 h −1 and 5.81 mg C m −2 h −1 whereas in dry deciduous forest the values were 0.15 mg N m −2 h −1 and 6.52 mg C m −2 h −1 respectively. The Eucalyptus plantation soil had lower mean CH4 uptake (-0.024 mg C m −2 h −1 ) than the dry deciduous forest soils (-0.020 mg C m −2 h −1 ). Variations in soil N2O emissions among the sites could be primarily explained by differences in mean WFPS and soil total N stock. Differences in soil CH4 uptake among the sites could be mostly attributed to differences in mean WFPS. The C : N ratio of soil could largely account for variations in soil CO2 emissions among the sites. This study reveals the potential values of GHGs in forest ecosystems.
Quality assessment of discharge summaries from an emergency department in eastern Nepal

Background: Discharge summaries are intended to transfer important clinical information from inpatient to outpatient settings and between hospital admissions. A good discharge summary helps physician to provide continuity of care which will in turn improve patient outcomes. Despite the importance of the discharge summary, there has been relatively little research in this area in Nepal. We therefore decided to review discharge summaries of patients discharged from emergency department in eastern Nepal.Objective: To assess the completeness of discharge summaries from emergency department. Methods: A total of 360 discharge summaries, representing 20% of discharge from the emergency department of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal were randomly selected and evaluated. Quality of discharge for completeness was evaluated using recommendations by Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospital for the presence or absence of the following key items: admission diagnosis, drug allergy, physical examination, significant laboratory test and results, discharge diagnosis, procedures, discharge medication (including dose and duration), follow up and attending physician signature.Results: The proportion of discharge summaries missing particular component of vital data ranged from less than 4% (no discharge medications) to 97% (no mention of drug allergy). Information was missing on patients discharge condition (74%), hospital course (61%), discharge instruction (57%) and the discharge diagnosis in (13%). Most of the discharge summaries were partially structured representing 75%. Ease of access to the diagnosis was 78%. Conclusions: Though most of the discharge summaries were structured and access to the diagnosis was 78%, considerable deficiencies in the completeness of discharge summaries were found. Health Renaissance 2015;13 (3): 41-47
Clonal Structure of Salmon Parasite Gyrodactylus salaris on a Coevolutionary Gradient on Fennoscandian Salmon (Salmo salar)

The population structure of the Baltic salmon (Salmo salar) specific clade of Gyrodactylus salaris was studied using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers across a gradient of historical coadaptation. In the Onega and Ladoga lakes, the salmon was near to eliminating the parasite: just 5 of 548 inspected salmon juveniles carried a small number of parasites. In the northern Baltic Tornio River, G. salaris was observed as non-pathogenic in 23% of 765 fish. The population of naïve anadromous salmon in the Keret' River (White Sea) had almost perished after the parasite was imported from Lake Onega in 1992. The parasite clones defined by mtDNA were strongly spatially structured (FST = 0.548 in Keret'; FST = 0.484 in Tornio), suggesting competitive interactions via host defense. The prevalence and clonal structuring of G. salaris were concordant with the host resistance predicted from the suggested 132 000 years of common phylogeographic history in the Baltic refugia.
A Linguistic Analysis on Errors Committed by Jordanian EFL Undergraduate Students: A Case of News Headlines in Jordanian Newspapers

This study investigated some linguistic errors committed by Jordanian EFL undergraduate students when translating news headlines in Jordanian newspapers from Arabic to English and vice versa. The data of the study was collected through a test composed of (30) English news headlines and (30) Arabic ones covering various areas of news occurring in a large corpus of Jordanian newspapers, i.e., two leading and prominent newspapers were selected. The test was administrated to a randomly selected sample consisting of (40 female, 20 male) third and fourth year undergraduate students in the Department of English Language and Literature in the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Arts at UNRWA University in Amman, Jordan. Results from the first analysis of the translated Arabic news headlines indicated that the EFL students had grammatical and lexical errors respectively. The second analysis of the translated Arabic news headlines showed that the EFL students had inadequate knowledge of the English headlines rules. The analysis of the translated English headlines revealed that the EFL students’ main difficulties were grammatical followed by discoursal and lexical types. In light of these results, the researcher proposes a number of pedagogical recommendations related to translating news headlines and future research.
THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF THE FEMALE PLAINS VISCACHA, LAGOSTOMUS MAXIMUS

Summary. The anatomy of the reproductive organs of female plains viscacha was examined at various stages of the reproductive cycle. The ovary is peculiarly flat with deep and convoluted surface invaginations. The ripe follicle is 200 \g=m\m in diameter and spontaneous ovulation of up to 800 eggs at a time takes place. True and accessory corpora lutea may be formed but it is suggested that luteinization occurs only after copulation. About seven ova are fertilized and implant, but resorption of all except the most distally situated foetus in each uterine horn occurs by Day 90 of pregnancy. No changes were detected in the uterine histology at different stages of the cycle. The cervix is not muscular but there is a longitudinal vaginal septum which extends distal to the cervical openings, causing the copulatory plug which is formed at mating to be Y-shaped. The vaginal epithelium shows changes associated with ovarian activity.
Corporate Governance and Dividend Policy : An Empirical Analysis From Borsa Istanbul Corporate Governance Index (XKURY)

The aim of this research is to analyze the potential relationship between corporate governance and dividend policy. To conduct this research, a sample of 19 corporations from the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) Corporate Governance Index (XKURY), which is composed of listed companies who accomplished a certain level of Corporate Governance Principles over the period of 2007-2014, were selected. OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) panel regression analysis has been performed. The potential relationship between ownership structure and dividend policy has also been analyzed by utilizing the independent variables of ownership concentration, managerial ownership and total foreign ownership. In addition to our independent variables, we also included return on equity (ROE) and firm size to our research in order to increase the explanatory power of our model. This study finds an insignificant relationship between corporate governance and dividend policy. On the other hand, we obtained significant positive relationship between total foreign ownership and dividend policy and significant negative relationships between ownership concentration and dividend policy and managerial ownership and dividend policy. Finally, we obtained significant negative association between return on equity (ROE) and dividend policy and significant positive association between firm size and dividend policy.
The Effect of High Glucose on Mechanisms Controlling Proliferation of Mouse C 2 C 12 Myoblasts

Background: Modification of the mechanisms that determine skeletal muscle mass through extracellular factors acting during fetal and postnatal period plays an essential role in health status in later life. In the present study the mechanisms controlling cell proliferation in skeletal myoblasts were examined. Methods: Mouse C2C12 myoblasts were subjected to proliferation in the presence of high glucose (HG, 15 mmol/l). Cellular content and localization of cyclins stimulating cell cycle progression and proteins essential for cell cycle arrest were assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy. The results were evaluated using Student t-test and the criterion for statistical significance was P<0.05. Results: High glucose significantly augmented myoblast number and increased cellular level of cyclin A, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1. Nuclear localization of cyclin A and D1, and the level of cyclin D1 complexed with cyclin-dependent kinase-4 were increased by high glucose. Cellular levels of pRb and MyoD were increased by high glucose; however these proteins were localized primarily in the cytoplasm of proliferating myoblasts. Conclusion: Stimulation of C2C12 myoblasts proliferation by high glucose is associated with: i) increase of cyclin A and cyclin D1 in myoblast nuclei, and formation of cyclin D1-cdk4 complexes, ii) decrease of pRb and MyoD nuclear localization. High ambient glucose can therefore affect the number of cells contributing to muscle fiber formation. The Effect of High Glucose on Mechanisms Controlling Proliferation of Mouse C2C12 Myoblasts Publication History: Received: August 26, 2014 Accepted: November 10, 2014 Published: November 12, 2014