Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In patients younger than age 55 years with lymph node-negative breast cancer, proliferation by mitotic activity index is prognostically superior to adjuvant!

PURPOSE In breast cancer, different tools are used for prognostication and adjuvant systemic therapy selection. We compared the accuracy of the online program Adjuvant! , the Norwegian Breast Cancer Group (NBCG) guidelines, and the proliferation factor mitotic activity index (MAI) in patients with lymph node (LN) -negative disease (pN0). PATIENTS AND METHODS Adjuvant! and MAI thresholds were set to 90% to 95% breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) rates. These thresholds were 95% for Adjuvant! , 3 for MAI, and as follows for NBCG: pT1 grade 1 + pT1a-b grade 2 to 3; all pN0M0 and estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive versus all others. In 516 patients younger than age 55 years (T1-3N0M0) without adjuvant systemic therapy, univariable and multivariable 10-year BCSS rates were estimated. RESULTS Median follow-up time was 118 months. The concordance between MAI and Adjuvant! or NBCG was fair (κ = 0.35 and κ = 0.29, respectively). Adjuvant! , NBCG, and MAI were all prognostically significant (P ≤ .001). In the univariable analysis, the 10-year BCSS of MAI less than 3 versus ≥ 3 was 95% v 71%, respectively, with a hazard ratio of 7.0. In multivariable analysis, MAI was superior to Adjuvant! and NBCG. The 10-year survival of Adjuvant! ≥ 95% versus less than 95% was 91% v 74%, respectively, but stratification by MAI identified subgroups with different prognosis. Similar results occurred for NBCG and MAI. Adjuvant! and NBCG were not prognostic to each other. CONCLUSION MAI is superior to Adjuvant! and NBCG in prognostication of patients with LN-negative breast cancer younger than age 55 years.
Avaliação de diferentes densidades de semeadura e da poda na produtividade de sementes de Crotalaria juncea L.

Verifica-se, atualmente, crescente interesse na pratica de adubacao verde e em seus efeitos nos sistemas produtivos agricolas. Com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes densidades de semeadura e efeitos da poda na producao de sementes de Crotalaria juncea L. , foi conduzido experimento na Unidade de Apoio a Pesquisa, na UENF, em Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ. O arranjo experimental foi em parcelas subdivididas, escolhendo-se como parcelas a presenca e a ausencia de poda e, como subparcelas, as densidades de semeio (10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 planta por metro). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes. As unidades experimentais foram constituidas por seis linhas, com espacamento de 0,5 m, com 4 metros de comprimento. Sem poda, a crotalaria apresentou-se 0,634 m mais alta. O numero de ramos de crotalaria nas plantas podadas foi maior que o das nao podadas e as densidades de 10 e 15 plantas ´por metro apresentaram maiores numeros de ramos. A densidade 30 apresentou maior quantidade de materia seca. Com poda, a crotalaria apresentou media de 7,2 vagens pequenas, enquanto, as plantas nao podadas apresentaram media de 5,1 vagens pequenas. Quando se utilizou a densidade de 30 plantas por metro, ocorreram aproximadamente 25% a mais de sementes por vagem grande, nas plantas podadas, em relacao as sementes das vagens grandes das plantas nao podadas. Alem disto, esta densidade apresentou maior numero de sementes por vagem grande, em relacao as das demais densidades. Recomenda-se a poda e a densidade de 10 plantas por metro, por menor gasto com sementes e sementes com maior vigor.
Suffizienz : die Konsumgesellschaft in der ökologischen Krise

Die okologische Krise wird primar durch den zu hohen und weltweit steigenden Energie- und Ressourcenverbrauch verursacht. Das vorliegende Buch untersucht dessen Ursachen und Dynamik und forscht nach Moglichkeiten einer Eindammung. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der Ruckgriff auf Natur- und Ingenieurswissenschaften zur Bewaltigung der okologischen Krise nicht ausreicht. Um verstehen zu konnen, was menschliche Eingriffe in die Natur antreibt, ist auch die Kenntnis von sozial- und verhaltenswissenschaftlichen Zusammenhangen notwendig. In diesem Rahmen ist die Suffizienzstrategie, die auf Veranderung der Konsumstile zielt, von groser Bedeutung. Sie kann helfen, die negativen Einwirkungen auf die Umwelt in der erforderlichen Weise zu minimieren. Zugleich gilt sie jedoch vielen als unrealisierbar. Die dafur verantwortlichen Barrieren werden im Buch identifiziert und Strategien zu ihrer Uberwindung gesucht.
Asymmetric nucleosomes flank promoters in the budding yeast genome

Nucleosomes in active chromatin are dynamic, but whether they have distinct structural conformations is unknown. To identify nucleosomes with alternative structures genome-wide, we used H4S47C-anchored cleavage mapping, which revealed that 5% of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) nucleosome positions have asymmetric histone-DNA interactions. These asymmetric interactions are enriched at nucleosome positions that flank promoters. Micrococcal nuclease (MNase) sequence-based profiles of asymmetric nucleosome positions revealed a corresponding asymmetry in MNase protection near the dyad axis, suggesting that the loss of DNA contacts around H4S47 is accompanied by protection of the DNA from MNase. Chromatin immunoprecipitation mapping of selected nucleosome remodelers indicated that asymmetric nucleosomes are bound by the RSC chromatin remodeling complex, which is required for maintaining nucleosomes at asymmetric positions. These results imply that the asymmetric nucleosome-RSC complex is a metastable intermediate representing partial unwrapping and protection of nucleosomal DNA on one side of the dyad axis during chromatin remodeling.
Hemodialysis Catheter‐Associated Central Venous Stenosis

The purpose of this review is to explore the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and interventional treatment of central vein stenosis (CVS) that may result from central vein catheter (CVC) placement. The precise mechanism of CVC‐associated CVS remains largely undefined, though anatomic considerations appear to play a prominent pathologic role. The impact of CVC‐associated CVS on arteriovenous fistula outcomes is reviewed. The percutaneous treatment of CVS, observation, angioplasty, or angioplasty with stent placement is reviewed, along with potential surgical treatment options. As the treatment outcomes of CVC‐associated CVS have been disappointing, catheter avoidance remains the best strategy.
To be connected or not? Answers for dairy cattle international genetic evaluations

Marie-Noelle Fouilloux, Romain Dassonneville, Stephanie Minery, Sophie Mattalia , Denis Laloe and Freddy Fikse 1 Institut de l’Elevage, INRA-SGQA ,78352 Jouy en Josas, France 2 UR 337, Station de Genetique Quantitative et Appliquee,, INRA, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France Interbull Centre, Dept Animal Breeding and Genetics, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden AgroParisTech Dept Sciences de la Vie et Sante, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75231 PARIS cedex 05, France email: marie-noelle.fouilloux@jouy.inra. fr Abstract
Evaluation of Language Models over Croatian Newspaper Texts

Statistical language modeling involves techniques and procedures that assign probabilities to word sequences or, said in other words, estimate the regularity of the language. This paper presents basic characteristics of statistical language models, reviews their use in the large set of speech and language applications, explains their formal definition and shows different types of language models. Detailed overview of n-gram and class-based models (as well as their combinations) is given chronologically, by type and complexity of models, and in aspect of their use in different NLP applications for different natural languages. The proposed experimental procedure compares three different types of statistical language models: n-gram models based on words, categorical models based on automatically determined categories and categorical models based on POS tags. In the paper, we propose a language model for contemporary Croatian texts, a procedure how to determine the best n-gram and the optimal number of categories, which leads to significant decrease of language model perplexity, estimated from the Croatian News Agency articles (HINA) corpus. Using different language models estimated from the HINA corpus, we show experimentally that models based on categories contribute to a better description of the natural language than those based on words. These findings of the proposed experiment are applicable, except for Croatian, for similar highly inflectional languages with rich morphology and non-mandatory sentence word order. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.itc. 46.4. 18367
Serological response to filamentous hemagglutinin and lymphocytosis-promoting toxin of Bordetella pertussis

Serum antibody responses to the filamentous hemagglutinin and the lymphocytosis-promoting toxin of Bordetella pertussis after vaccination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, adsorbed, were assayed by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of early immunization, during the first week of life, on the antibody response also was determined. After vaccination, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM directed against both the filamentous hemagglutinin and the lymphocytosis-promoting toxin were detected. Generally, antibody titers increased with subsequent injections and the age of the children. Maternal antibodies against filamentous hemagglutinin and lymphocytosis-promoting toxin were detected in cord blood. The ability of an infant to produce serum IgG anti-lymphocytosis-promoting toxin after vaccination with pertussis vaccine was inversely related to the cord blood serum IgG anti-lymphocytosis-promoting toxin titer at birth. A good antibody response was observed in infants with low cord blood titers, and a poor antibody response was seen in infants with high cord blood values. The IgM anti-lymphocytosis-promoting toxin response was good in groups with both low and high cord blood titer, with no significant difference observed between the two groups. No IgA anti-lymphocytosis-promoting toxin or IgA anti-filamentous hemagglutinin titers were observed in vaccines. IgA antibodies were observed in convalescent sera from two adults and may be presumptive evidence of infection with B. pertussis.
Long𝒞ri𝒮𝒫: a test for bump hunting in longitudinal data

We propose an extension of the Harezlak and Heckman (J. Comput. Graph. Statist. 2001; 10(4): 713–729) test for detecting local extrema to the longitudinal data setting. We use penalized spline regression techniques (Statist. Sci. 1996; 11:89–102) to provide a computationally efficient method of testing for relatively large data sets. We estimate the p‐values of our test, Long𝒞ri𝒮𝒫, with a smoothed bootstrap. Our simulation studies indicate that the test is generally conservative and has power exceeding 70 per cent at the α=0.1 nominal level in most considered settings. Finally, we apply our testing procedure to the longitudinal measurements of body mass index of former prisoners of war in Vietnam and conclude that the mean population curve exhibits non‐monotone behaviour. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prostaglandin E2 as an inhibitory modulator of fibrogenesis in human lung allografts.

RATIONALE Donor mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) expansion and fibrotic differentiation is associated with development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in human lung allografts. However, the regulators of fibrotic differentiation of these resident mesenchymal cells are not well understood. OBJECTIVES This study examines the role of endogenous and exogenous prostaglandin (PG)E2 as a modulator of fibrotic differentiation of human lung allograft-derived MSCs. METHODS Effect of PGE2 on proliferation, collagen secretion, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was assessed in lung-resident MSCs (LR-MSCs) derived from patients with and without BOS. The response pathway involved was elucidated by use of specific agonists and antagonists. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS PGE2 treatment of LR-MSCs derived from normal lung allografts significantly inhibited their proliferation, collagen secretion, and α-SMA expression. On the basis of pharmacologic and small-interfering RNA approaches, a PGE2/E prostanoid (EP)2/adenylate cyclase pathway was implicated in these suppressive effects. Stimulation of endogenous PGE2 secretion by IL-1β was associated with amelioration of their myofibroblast differentiation in vitro, whereas its inhibition by indomethacin augmented α-SMA expression. LR-MSCs from patients with BOS secreted significantly less PGE2 than non-BOS LR-MSCs. Furthermore, BOS LR-MSCs were found to be defective in their ability to induce cyclooxygenase-2, and therefore unable to up-regulate PGE2 synthesis in response to IL-1β. BOS LR-MSCs also demonstrated resistance to the inhibitory actions of PGE2 in association with a reduction in the EP2/EP1 ratio. CONCLUSIONS These data identify the PGE2 axis as an important autocrine-paracrine brake on fibrotic differentiation of LR-MSCs, a failure of which is associated with BOS.
Racial Differences in Palliative Care Use After Stroke in Majority-White, Minority-Serving, and Racially Integrated U.S. Hospitals

Objectives: Racial/ethnic differences in palliative care resource use after stroke have been recognized, but it is unclear whether patient or hospital characteristics drive this disparity. We sought to determine whether palliative care use after intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke differs between hospitals serving varying proportions of minority patients. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. Setting: Inpatient hospital admissions from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2007 and 2011. Patients: A total of 46,735 intracerebral hemorrhage and 331,521 ischemic stroke cases. Interventions: Palliative care use. Measurements and Main Results: Intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke admissions were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2007 and 2011. Hospitals were categorized based on the percentage of ethnic minority stroke patients (< 25% minorities [“white hospitals”], 25–50% minorities [“mixed hospitals”], or > 50% minorities [“minority hospitals”]). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between race/ethnicity and palliative care use within and between the different hospital strata. Stroke patients receiving care in minority hospitals had lower odds of palliative care compared with those treated in white hospitals, regardless of individual patient race/ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50–0.84 for intracerebral hemorrhage and odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.50–0.77 for ischemic stroke). Ethnic minorities had a lower likelihood of receiving palliative care compared with whites in any hospital stratum, but the odds of palliative care for both white and minority intracerebral hemorrhage patients was lower in minority compared with white hospitals (odds ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.87 for white and odds ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.88 for minority patients). Similar results were observed in ischemic stroke. Conclusions: The odds of receiving palliative care for both white and minority stroke patients is lower in minority compared with white hospitals, suggesting system-level factors as a major contributor to explain race disparities in palliative care use after stroke.
From software failure to explanation

“Why does my program crash? ”—This ever recurring question drives the developer both when trying to reconstruct a failure that happened in the field and during the analysis and debugging of the test case that captures the failure. This is the question this thesis attempts to answer. For that I will present two approaches which, when combined, start off with only a dump of the memory at the moment of the crash (a core dump) and eventually give a full explanation of the failure in terms of the important runtime features of the program such as critical branches, state predicates or any other execution aspect that is deemed helpful for understanding the underlying problem. The first approach (called RECORE) takes a core dump of a crash and by means of search-based test case generation comes up with a small, self-contained and easy to understand unit test that is similar to the test as it is attached to a bug report and reproduces the failure. This test case can server as a starting point for analysis and manual debugging. Our evaluation shows that in five out of seven real cases, the resulting test captures the essence of the failure. But this failing test case can also serve as the starting point for the second approach (called BUGEX). BUGEX is a universal debugging framework that applies the scientific method and can be implemented for arbitrary runtime features (called facts). First it observes those facts during the execution of the failing test case. Using state-of-the-art statistical debugging, these facts are then correlated to the failure, forming a hypothesis. Then it performs experiments: it generates additional executions to challenge these facts and from these additional observations refines the hypothesis. The result is a correlation of critical execution aspects to the failure with unprecedented accuracy and instantaneously point the developer to the problem. This general debugging framework can be implemented for any runtime aspects; for evaluation purposes I implemented it for branches and state predicates. The evaluation shows that in six out of seven real cases, the resulting facts pinpoint the failure. Both approaches are independent form one another and each automates a tedious and error prone task. When being combined, they automate a large part of the debugging process, where the remaining manual task—fixing the defect—can never be fully automated.
Influenza epidemiology, vaccine coverage and vaccine effectiveness in children admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2014: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN).

The Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN) is a sentinel hospital-based surveillance programme operating in all states and territories in Australia. We summarise the epidemiology of children hospitalised with laboratory-confirmed influenza in 2014 and reports on the effectiveness of inactivated trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) in children. In this observational study, cases were defined as children admitted with acute respiratory illness (ARI) with influenza confirmed by PCR. Controls were hospitalised children with ARI testing negative for influenza. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as 1 minus the odds ratio of vaccination in influenza positive cases compared with test-negative controls using conditional logistic regression models. From April until October 2014, 402 children were admitted with PCR-confirmed influenza. Of these, 28% were aged < 1 year, 16% were Indigenous, and 39% had underlying conditions predisposing to severe influenza. Influenza A was detected in 90% of cases of influenza; influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was the most frequent subtype (109/141 of subtyped cases) followed by A(H3N2) (32/141). Only 15% of children with influenza received antiviral therapy. The adjusted VE of one or more doses of TIV for preventing hospitalised influenza was estimated at 55.5% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 11.6-77.6%). Effectiveness against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was high (91.6% , 95% CI: 36.0-98.9%) yet appeared poor against H3N2. In summary, the 2014 southern hemisphere TIV was moderately effective against severe influenza in children. Significant VE was observed against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.
Occlusion of the fistula in a dialysis patient—is it always a common reason?

A 67-year-old man with chronic glomerulonephritis and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), on maintenance haemodialysis for 1 year, had a history for failure of a right radiocephalic fistula, a right radiocephalic graft, a right subclavian permanent catheter and a left radiocephalic fistula due to refratory thrombosis. He presented to our hospital with intermittent gross haematuria for 9 months and swelling over the right arm and left hand for 1 month. On further questioning, he also reported a history of deep venous thrombosis over bilateral lower legs, 3 months earlier. He had no local cutaneous erythema and heat, fever or flank pain. His blood pressure was 130/70 mmHg. Physical examination identified pale appearance and swelling over right arm and left hand. On admission, pre-dialytic blood creatinine was 7.2 mg/dL, urea nitrogen 75.4 mg/dL, albumin 3.5 g/dL, haemoglobin 9.0 g/dL, platelet 100 k/μL, cholesterol 68 mg/dL, triglycerate 98 mg/dL, sodium 138 mmol/L, potassium 4.3 mmol/L, calcium 10.0 mg/dL and phosphate 5.1 mg/dL. Pro-thrombin time was 11.6 s (normal 10.7–13 s, control 12.15 s), INR 1.1 and activated partial thromboplastin time 25 s (normal 20–36 s, control 31.1 s). Fibrinogen was 800 mg/dL (200–400), fibrinogen degradation products >20 μg/mL ( 1μg/mL (<0.5). Lupus anticoagulants, anti-thrombin III, protein C, S and other plasma coagulation factors were negative or within normal limits. Urinalysis showed macroscopic haematuria 40–60 per high power field. Prostate sonography (Figure 1) displayed a prostate tumour. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 38.94 ng/mL. Transurethral radical prostatectomy was done, and the pathology reported prostate adenocarcinoma without local invasion.
Computed Tomography Urography With 16-Channel Multidetector Computed Tomography: A Pictorial Review

Excretory phase computed tomography (CT) urography obtained with a 16-slice multidetector CT scanner using thin-section images (slice thickness = 0.75 mm, reconstruction increment = 0.5 mm) combined with interactive reformatted and 3-dimensional reconstruction techniques, high spatial resolution images of the urinary tract similar to those of classic intravenous urography can be produced. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to review the early experience of the authors and to show the wide range of abnormalities of the urinary tract detected with this technique.
CommonKnowledge Mental Health CATs OT Critically Appraised Topics 2009 What is the evidence of the use and effectiveness of sensory integration theory with adults who have chronic mental illness ?

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