Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is the European Monetary Union fertile ground for real exchange rate misalignments ?

Building upon a Behavioural Equilibrium Exchange Rate (BEER) model, estimated at a quarterly frequency since 1999 on a broad sample of 57 countries, this paper assesses whether both the size and the persistence of real exchange rate misalignments from the levels implied by economic fundamentals are affected by the adoption of a single currency. While misalignments are found to be smaller in the euro area than in its main trading partners, they are also more persistent, although the speed of correction has increased in recent years. Absent the nominal adjustment channel, removing real rigidities by improving the quality of institutions is found to reduce the persistence of real exchange rate misalignments.
The Treatment of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures : Experience in a Tertiary Medical Center in a Rural State

Background: In our rural state, most children with supracondylar humerus fractures (SCFs) are referred to our tertiary care medical center. Over a 4+ year period, the one pediatric orthopaedic surgeon in the state surgically treated more than 200 SCFs using a standard protocol. Closed reduction (CR) and percutaneous pinning was attempted in all cases. Open reduction and percutaneous pinning (OR/PP) was required in some. The purpose of this study was to review one surgeon’s experience with the surgical treatment of SCF with a focus on fracture type and pattern and the need for open reduction as well as the incidence of nerve injuries. Methods: Institutional Review Board approval for a retrospective chart review was attained and medical records of pediatric patients treated at our institution between 01/2010 and 09/2014 were reviewed. Current Procedural Terminology codes 24538, 24545, and 24546 were used to identify patients. Data were examined using summary statistics and Chi-square tests. Results: Two hundred four patients were included in this study and 25 eventually required OR/ PP for definitive management. The following factors were not statistically associated with OR/PP: fracture pattern, Gartland classification, laterality of extremity, or gender; however, age, presence of neurological symptoms on initial evaluation, and energy of fracture etiology were significantly associated. In 71 cases, a “U” shaped distal fragment was identified. The most common neurological symptoms on initial presentation were anterior interosseous nerve palsy (n=10, 4.9%) and nondermatomal paresthesias (n=5, 2.5%). Factors significantly associated with neurological symptoms on initial presentation included: need for open reduction, medial-lateral pinning construct, Gartland Type III injury, age, and “U-shaped” fracture pattern. Conclusions: No identified fracture pattern was significantly associated with need for open reduction; however, a previously undescribed “U-shaped” fracture pattern did have a significant association with neurological symptoms. Patients most likely to require OR/PP for a SCF were children over the age of five who presented with neurological symptoms on initial evaluation and/or had a high-energy injury etiology. The main indication for OR/PP was failure to achieve a satisfactory CR. Orthopaedic surgeons managing these fractures should have a low threshold to transition to an open procedure in patients with these risk factors if closed fracture reduction cannot be achieved expeditiously. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series
Development and Characterization of Branching Enzymes for Improving Industrial Starches

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF FIGURES . vi LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Structure of Starch . 1 Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation . 3 Uses of Starch . 4 Industrial Processing of Starch . 4 Branching Enzymes for Modifying Starch . 9 Branching Enzyme Structure and Reaction Mechanism . 11 Structure and Reaction Mechanism of GH13 Family Branching Enzymes . 12 Structure and Reaction Mechanism of GH57 Family Branching Enzymes . 16 Deinococcus radiodurans Glycogen Branching Enzyme . 16 Chimeric Enzymes . 17 Purpose and Hypotheses . 18 Goal 1: . 18 Goal 2: . 18 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS . 19 Protein Expression . 19 Cell Lysis . 20 Protein Refolding . 20 Purification of Intein-tagged Protein . 22 Purification of His-tagged Deinococcus radiodurans Glycogen Branching Enzyme . 23 Bradford Assay . 24 SDS-PAGE Analysis . 24 Design of Deinococcus radiodurans Glycogen Branching Enzyme Mutants . 25
Underspecification and Default Morphology in Second Language Spanish

Several theories have attempted to explain the lack of consistent suppliance of second language (L2) morphology. The discussion has focused on the cause of these errors: do they follow from impaired syntax (Vainikka and Young-Scholten 1994; Hawkins and Chan 1997) or mapping problems between syntax and morphology (Lardiere 1998a,b; Prévost and White 2000)? On both accounts, the notion of default has often been employed in a post-hoc manner in addressing substitutions of one form for another. While it has been observed that learners do employ default forms, the actual morphemes that are employed as defaults are not predicted by any of these theories. These accounts aim to explain the presence of variability, but not the variants themselves. In the sections that follow, I propose that morphological variability is constrained in predictable ways. In particular, the choice of defaults found in nontargetlike productions is constrained according to principles of underspecification of morphological features. While full-specification is not fatal in itself, current theories fail to provide a principled account of why certain morphemes emerge as defaults. Under the approach advanced here, only underspecified forms may act as defaults; by assumption, independent properties of a grammatical system determine which features are underspecified. Data come from the spontaneous production of non-native speakers of Spanish, and address two domains: (1) person, number, and finiteness in the verbal domain; (2) gender and number in determiners, a nominal domain. This paper is organized as follows: in Section 2, I discuss recent literature on the use of defaults in L2 morphology. I will show that although the literature evokes the notion of default, a principled account of why particular morphemes emerge as defaults is lacking. In Section 3, I discuss the use of underspecification in theoretical morphology, and present the Morphological Underspecification Hypothesis. This hypothesis predicts that the morphemes employed as defaults are always underspecified (or less specified), thereby predicting which defaults may surface in learner productions. A set of independent criteria is established for determining which features are underspecified in the grammar. In Sections 4 and 5, I present and discuss original data from speakers of L2 Spanish that support the hypothesis presented here. In Section 6, I compare the data gathered here to other studies of L2 morphology, and discuss the implications for a theory of L2 morphological features. I argue that the results presented here support a theory that assumes underspecification.
Can Workfare Programs Moderate Conflict? Evidence from India

Can public interventions persistently reduce conflict? Adverse weather shocks, through their impact on incomes, have been identified as robust drivers of conflict in many contexts. An effective social insurance system moderates the impact of adverse shocks on household incomes, and hence, could attenuate the link between these shocks and conflict. This paper shows that a public employment program in India, by providing an alternative source of income through a guarantee of 100 days of employment at minimum wages, effectively provides insurance. This has an indirect pacifying effect. By weakening the link between productivity shocks and incomes, the program uncouples productivity shocks from conflict, leading persistently lower conflict levels.
Impact of telephone monitoring on patients with heart failure : a randomized clinical trial

DOI http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/19820194201700050 Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção de Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Conflicts of interest: there are no conflicts of interest to declare. Abstract Objective: To analyze self-care and knowledge in patients with heart failure who were monitored telephonically, and to analyze the correlation of knowledge with self-care. Methods: It was a randomized clinical trial, performed in a specialized clinic from April of 2015 to December of 2015. Thirty-six patients were monitored and randomized, with 17 in the control group and 19 in the intervention group. Both groups participated in the conventional monitoring, which included three visits (initial, second and fourth month); the intervention group was associated with telephone support by means of a standardized guide. The Knowledge and Self-Care Questionnaires were used to evaluate the primary and secondary outcomes. Results: Difference in knowledge (12.7±1.7 vs. 10.8±2.2, p=0.009) and self-care (25.4±6.6 vs. 29.5±4.8, p=0. 04) were identified in the fourth month; and there was a negative correlation between knowledge and self-care scores in the second month (r =-0.48; p=0.03). Conclusion: The conventional management combined with telephone monitoring was effective in the 4 month with improved knowledge and self-care of patients with heart failure and a significant correlation of these outcomes in the second month.
AUTHOR: IAIN BRENNAN, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF HULL

The labeling of an incident as a crime is an essential precursor to the use of criminal law, but the contextual factors that influence this decision are unknown. One such context that is a frequent setting for violence is the barroom. This study explored how the setting of a violent incident is related to the decision by victims to label it as a crime. It tested the hypothesis that violent incidents that took place in or around a licensed premises were less likely to be regarded as crimes than violence in other settings. The hypothesis was tested using a pooled sample of respondents from successive waves of the Crime Survey for England and Wales (2002/3-2010/11). Logistic regression models controlled for demographic factors, victim behavioral characteristics and incidentspecific factors including the seriousness of the violence. Respondents who were in or around a licensed premises at the time of victimization were less likely to regard that violence as a crime (Adjusted odds ratio 0.48, 95% Confidence intervals 0.34–0.67) than respondents who were victimized in other locations. Despite a disproportionate amount of violence taking place in barrooms, it appears that the criminal nature of violence in these spaces is discounted by victims. The findings emphasize how context affects victim interpretations of crime and suggests a victim-centred reconceptualization of the ‘moral holiday’ hypothesis of alcohol settings. AUTHOR: IAIN BRENNAN, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF HULL
Clinical Study Lack of Influence of Serum Magnesium Levels on Overall Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

Background. Low serum magnesium has been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk in the general population and in dialysis patients. Our aim was to analyze the influence of serum magnesium on overall mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with advanced CKD not yet on dialysis. Methods. Seventy patients with CKD stages 4 and 5 were included. After a single measurement of s-magnesium, patients were followed a mean of 11 months. Primary end-point was death of any cause, and secondary end-point was the occurrence of fatal or nonfatal CV events. Results. Basal s-magnesium was within normal range (2.1±0.3mg/dL), was lower inmen (P = 0.008) and in diabetic patients (P = 0.02), andwas not different (P = 0.2) between patients with and without cardiopathy. Magnesium did not correlate with PTH, calcium, phosphate, albumin, inflammatory parameters (CRP), and cardiac (NT-proBNP) biomarkers but correlated inversely (r = −0.23; P = 0.052) with the daily dose of loop diuretics. In univariate andmultivariate Cox proportional hazardmodels, magnesiumwas not an independent predictor for overall mortality or CV events.Conclusions. Our results do not support that serummagnesium can be an independent predictor for overall mortality or future cardiovascular events among patients with advanced CKD not yet on dialysis.
Morphology and dopant-dependent optical characteristics of novel composite 1 D and 3 D-based heterostructures of CdSe nanocrystals and LaPO

In this report, we synthesize and structurally characterize novel semiconducting nanoscale composite heterostructures composed of zero-dimensional (0D) CdSe nanocrystals coupled with both one-and three-dimensional (1D and 3D) rare earth metal-doped LaPO4 metal phosphate materials. Subsequent optical characterization has demonstrated a clear dependence of the intrinsic charge and energy transfer processes in these systems on both (i) morphology and (ii) the presence of dopants. Specifically, ~4.5 nm CdSe quantum dots (QDs) have been successfully anchored onto (a) high-aspect ratio rare-earth activated LaPO4 nanowires, measuring ~7 nm in diameter and ~1.3 μm in length, prepared by a modified hydrothermal protocol, and (b) well-dispersed urchin-like 3D architectures of LaPO4: Re (Re = Ce, Tb, Eu) (diameter ~500 nm), fabricated using a large-scale, solution-precipitation approach in the presence of 6mercaptohexanoic acid, used as a self-assembly facilitating agent. We have proposed a growth mechanism of our 3D sub-micron LaPO4-based architectures, based on a detailed time-dependent scanning electron microscopy visualization study. In terms of properties, our results show that our 1D and 3D heterostructures evince both PL quenching and a shorter average lifetime of CdSe QDs as compared with unbound CdSe QDs. We suggest that a photo-induced charge transfer process occurs from CdSe QDs to LaPO4: Eu through the mediation of water molecules in the intrinsic LaPO4 structure. Conversely, analogous CdSe QD3D LaPO4: Eu heterostructures exhibit noticeably less PL quenching and longer lifetimes as compared with 1D composites since it appears that not only charge transfer from CdSe to LaPO4: Eu but also energy transfer from LaPO4: Eu to CdSe QDs are substantially more efficient processes with 3D as compared with 1D heterostructures, possibly due to the nearly 3 times higher coverage density of QDs on the surfaces of the underlying 3D LaPO4 motif, thereby contributing to its more effective absorption capability of LaPO4: Eu emission. Moreover, the magnitude of the PL signal and the corresponding lifetimes in the CdSe QD (0D) LaPO4 (3D) heterostructures are dependent upon the rare-earth dopant tested itself. Data are additionally explained in the context of the inherent energy level alignments of both CdSe QDs and LaPO4: Re (Re = Ce, Tb, and Eu) systems. Page 1 of 55 RSC Advances
The Determinants of Regional Competitiveness in Indonesia

This study aims to map the competitiveness of regions and to examine the influence of health, education, infrastructure, institutional, and information and communication technology (ICT) on competitiveness both directly and through government spending and private investment. The data used are cross section 33 provinces in Indonesia and time series 2010-2016. Standardized scores were used to calculate competitiveness scores based on four indicators: productivity, GRDP per capita, employment and household consumption expenditure per capita. The simultaneous equation model is used to analyze the effect of the driven factors on competitiveness. The study indicates that provinces with high competitiveness are dominated by provinces based on natural resources and / or provinces based on industry and services sectors. The driven factors that have a significant effect on competitiveness are the level of labor education, the availability of infrastructure and ICT. Health and institutions factors have not effectively contributed directly to improving competitiveness. The results of this study require the workforce to improve the quality of education and skills in order to contribute to improve productivity and employment. The availability of infrastructure and ICTs is important to attract investments that ultimately drive increased competitiveness. Index Terms regional competitiveness, standardized score, simultaneous equation model, human capital, ICT
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ECOLOGIA E ZOOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA RICARDO FILIPE RIFFEL INFLUÊNCIA DE FATORES FÍSICOS NA COMPOSIÇÃO DA COMUNIDADE BÊNTICA DE SUBSTRATO CONSOLIDADO EM DIFERENTES ESCALAS NO LITORAL D

Biological communities are distributed over different habitats according to different environmental mechanisms that act filtering species that will form the community. These processes take place in different scales and are responsible for species switches, leading to community dissimilarities over different hierarchical levels. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the distribution patterns of benthic communities at three hierarchical scales, ranging from few meters to hundreds of kilometers. We also tested the effect that sea surface temperature (SST), habitat complexity and susbstrate slope, operating in different scales, exert in shallow water benthic communities in a marine transition zone from subtropical to temperate habitats. Ten shallow rocky shores (up to two meters deep) were sampled along the Santa Catarina coast, southern Brazil. In each site, six transects were disposed parallel the rocky shore and 10 photoquadrats were taken per transect. Over the latitudinal gradient arises a distribution pattern of northern sites dominated by zoanthids and leathery macroalgae while in further south sites articulated calcareous, corticated and filamentous macroalgae were more abundants. The highest variation proportion was concentrated in the lower replication scale: quadrats, corresponding for 50.55% of total variance of the community structure. As well, quadrats aggregate the higher variance for most of species assemblages, possibly ocurring due to the patchy distribution and other microprocesses. Environmental variables assembled were able to jointly explain 30.7% of total community variation. Temperature appears to directly interfere in zoanthid distribution, the dominant group in northern sites, what possibly triggers the species replacement over the latitudinal gradient. Leathery macroalgae are more abundant in low complexity transects, which can be explained by the fact that these places houses lower diversity of vertebrates that feed on fleshy algae. Bottom slope has little effect over community composition; this result may be related to the shallow depth we sampled, which allows solar radiation to affect more equally all different inclination levels. Results shows that although these three variables explain much of total benthic
1 FLOWS NEAR COMPACT INVARIANT SETS Part I

In this paper it is proved that near a compact, invariant, proper subset of a C0 flow on a locally compact, connected metric space, at least one, out of twenty eight relevant dynamical phenomena, will necessarily occur. This result (Theorem 1) shows that assuming the connectedness of the phase space, implies the existence of a considerably deeper classification of topological flow behaviour in the vicinity of compact invariant sets than that described in the classical theorems of Ura-Kimura and Bhatia. The proposed classification brings to light, in a systematic way, the possibility of occurrence of orbits of infinite height arbitrarily near the compact invariant in question, and this under relatively simple conditions. Singularities of C∞ vector fields displaying this strange phenomenon occur in every dimension n≥ 3 (in this paper, a C∞ flow on S3 exhibiting such an equilibrium is constructed). Near periodic orbits, the same phenomenon is observable already in dimension 4 (and on every manifold of dimension n≥ 5). As a corollary to the main result, an elegant characterization of the topological Hausdorff structure of the set of all compact minimal sets of the flow is obtained (Theorem 2). MSC 2010: primary 37B25, 37B99; secondary 37C27, 37C70, 58K45. keywords: topological behaviour of C0 flows, compact invariant sets, compact minimal sets, topological Hausdorff structure, non-hyperbolic singularities and periodic orbits, orbits of infinite height. In memoriam Vladimir I. Arnol’d Fig. 1: Example of the occurrence of orbits of infinite height. This figure illustrates case 8.6 of Theorem 1. ar X iv :1 11 0. 19 74 v3 [ m at h. D S] 1 3 Fe b 20 12
Mahajan Marketing in the C-Suite : A Study of Chief Marketing Officer Power in Firms ’ Top Management Teams

Some chief marketing officers (CMOs) are more powerful than others. The authors investigate the drivers and outcomes of this phenomenon using a hierarchical measure of power for the CMO in the top management team (TMT), or corporate executive suite (C-suite). Theory suggests that CMO power in the TMT should increase with (1) the CMO’s control over resources required by other executives in the C-suite, (2) the criticality and (3) effective provision of these resources, and (4) the nonsubstitutability and (5) centrality of the CMO. The authors use these rationales to identify factors that affect CMO power in public U.S. firms with the CMO position for at least two of the five observed years. The findings show that CMO power increases when the CMO has the additional responsibility of sales, as TMT marketing experience decreases, and as firms with low levels of TMT marketing experience pursue innovation. Furthermore, CMO power in highly divisionalized TMTs and the CMO’s additional responsibility of sales improve sales growth, but CMO power in firms that are unrelated diversifiers reduces profitability. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results for marketing’s influence in the C-suite and the firm, the integration of marketing and sales, and market orientation.