Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality of Sleep in Turkish Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients

The aim of this research was to determine the quality of sleep, reasons for sleep disturbances, and nonpharmacological strategies versus sleep disturbances of cancer patients' family caregivers. A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. Ninety family caregivers were included. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), demographic data form, and open-ended questions about reasons for sleep disturbances and nonpharmacological strategies used by family caregivers. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis, and Bonferoni-corrected Mann-Whitney U test were performed using SPSS program. The PSQI score of 72.22% of the caregivers was above 5, which indicated poor sleep quality. The most commonly determined reasons for sleep disturbances were "emotional distress because of the patient's illness" (83.33%), "financial problems" (36.66%), and "inadequate support system" (34.44%); 76.92% of caregivers used at least 1 nonpharmacological strategy, which included mostly "lifestyle practices" (54.28%) and "behavioral practices" (25.71%). The total PSQI scores of caregivers having an illness were significantly higher than those of caregivers having no illness (Z = 3.230; P = .001). Total PSQI scores did not differ by sex, age, education, marital status, or duration of caregiving (P > .05). This study implies that caregivers are in need of support by healthcare professionals to provide a positive environment during the care process.
Does VC reputation affect function of lockup agreement

Instead of perceiving lockup agreement and VC-backing as exogenous variables, this paper employs the VC-backed IPO data and takes a closer examination on the specific effect of VC reputation, which impacts the choice of lockup length and return and volume abnormality around lockup expiry. Contrary to the commitment hypothesis proposed by previous literatures, the data suggests that less VC-backed companies tend to choose a longer lockup agreement as a compensation device and those companies backed by more reputable VC experience less negative abnormal return and less abnormal volume around lockup expiry.
A new myasthenic syndrome with end‐plate acetylcholinesterase deficiency, small nerve terminals, and reduced acetylcholine release

A new myasthenic syndrome is described in a patient whose symptoms began soon after birth and included generalized weakness increased by exertion, easy fatigability, hyporeflexia, and refractoriness to anticholinesterase drugs. Electromyography showed a decremental response at all frequencies of stimulation and a repetitive response to single nerve stimulation. Miniature end‐plate potentials (mepps) were of normal amplitude but of decreased frequency. The mepp duration and half‐decay time were prolonged, and prostigmine was without any additional effect. The quantum content of the end‐plate potential was decreased due to a reduced store of quanta immediately available for release, but the probability of release was normal. Quantitative electron microscopy demonstrated a 3‐fold to 4‐fold decrease of nerve terminal size and reduced postsynaptic membrane density. The postsynaptic folds showed focal degeneration, and many were distended by labyrinthine membranous networks that communicated with the synaptic space. Degenerating nuclei were found in the junctional sarcoplasm. The ultrastructural localization of the acetylcholine receptor protein was normal. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was absent from the motor end‐plates by histochemical and electron cytochemical criteria. Biochemical studies indicated total absence of the end‐plate‐specific 16 S species of AChE and marked decrease in total muscle AChE. A congenital defect in the molecular assembly of AChE or in its attachment to the postsynaptic membrane might represent the basic abnormality and condition the morphological and physiological alterations.
Barriers to International Student Mobility

In this article, we look at the barriers to international student mobility, with particular reference to the European Erasmus program. Much is known about factors that support or limit student mobility, but very few studies have made comparisons between participants and nonparticipants. Making use of a large data set on Erasmus and non-Erasmus students in seven European countries, we look at the barriers for participation. Results reveal the overall impact of financial barriers but suggest that it is personal barriers that help us to better differentiate between Erasmus and non-Erasmus students. The analysis suggests a two-pronged approach to increase participation: one focusing on better information and communication and the other stressing the benefits of Erasmus mobility.
The determinants of firm exit in the French food industries

Nous etudions les facteurs qui determinent la propension des firmes a cesser leur activite. La productivite individuelle de la firme n’est pas directement observee mais estimee selon l’approche proposee par Ackerberg et al. (2006). Elle est ensuite introduite dans une equation de sortie a cote d’autres variables. On utilise un panel non cylindre de 5 849 firmes des industries agro-alimentaires francaises observees entre 1996 et 2002. La probabilite de cesser l’activite est negativement reliee a la productivite individuelle et l’âge de la firme. Au-dela de ces premiers resultats bien connus, nous montrons aussi que le niveau des couts irrecuperables peut constituer une barriere importante a la sortie. La relation entre la propension a la sortie de la firme et le degre de concentration de l’industrie est marquee par la presence d’un seuil de retournement : d’abord croissante, la relation devient decroissante une fois ce point depasse.
Parotid abscess in Singapore.

INTRODUCTION In most parts of the world, acute parotid abscess is a rare pathology. It occurs mainly in elderly debilitated patients and patients with oral sepsis. In Singapore, this lesion appears to be more common. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients admitted to our hospital over a three-year period with parotid abscess. RESULTS Ten patients were treated for parotid abscess. Only two of these patients were elderly and debilitated. The remaining patients were atypical in that they were relatively young and fit with no history of oral sepsis. All the abscesses responded to simple drainage and antibiotic therapy without the need to resort to the radical drainage techniques reported historically. CONCLUSION Parotid abscess is seen in an unusually young cohort of patients in Singapore. The cause for this is unclear but it may be a result of chronic oral dehydration as a consequence of our climate.
Fishing the Corporate Social Responsibility Risk Factors

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an increasingly relevant aspect in the current economic and financial scenario. A typical argument in the literature is that CSR reduces the risk of conflicts with stakeholders. In this paper we test whether: i) CSR risk factors are uncorrelated with those traditionally considered, ii) exist a pricing anomaly related to a social responsible behavior that could be captured by CSR risk factors, and iii) a multifactor model that includes a CSR risk factor performs better in explaining the cross section of expected returns. Our finding documents that CSR risk factors are uncorrelated with those traditionally used by asset pricing literature. We find that large stocks are more exposed than small stocks to this source of risk and that, even if the pricing anomaly is still significant, an asset pricing model augmented with a CSR risk factor performs better than standard models in explaining the cross section of stock returns.
Short Sales and Price Discovery in Real Estate Markets

Indirect real estate (IRE) returns are often shown to lead direct real estate (DRE) returns. Apart from differences in liquidity, transaction costs, and management skills, the DRE market is also less complete than the IRE market – when negative shocks arrive, one can only short IRE (e.g. real estate stocks or REITs), but not DRE. This study investigates if short sales in the IRE market convey any information to the DRE market. Based on highfrequency (weekly) property price data in Hong Kong from 1999 to 2011, we found that short sales in the IRE market led DRE returns, even after controlling for the lagged IRE returns in a VAR model. This suggests that short sales contain private information on the real estate market that is not fully reflected in IRE returns. The spillover effect of short sales, however, weakened after the 2007 global financial crisis because increased uncertainty over the credibility of individual firms made short sales carry more firm-specific information than market-wide news.
A Cross‐National Study Of Perceived Consumer Risk Towards Online (Internet) Purchasing

Perceived consumer risk is explored in relation to online (Internet) purchasing using a cross‐national sample (N=562) from the United States, Canada and U.K. Objectives of the study are to determine if experience in online purchasing reduces perceived risk, if perceived risk varies across product/service categories and if certain types of risk are more important in purchasing certain products/services. Lastly, does national culture affect perceptions of risk? Results are discussed and suggestions are offered to managers on how to reduce perceived risk, thus increasing online purchasing in the three countries examined.
The effects of co‐location on marketing externalities in the salmon‐farming industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to is focus on the role of geographic co‐location in the development of firm‐level marketing externalities.Design/methodology/approach – A mail survey and quantitative analysis were used to examine the effect of co‐location on externalities. Fast growing salmon farming clusters in Scotland and Chile were chosen where most environmental variables could be controlled. These clusters enjoy business to business marketing practices.Findings – Respondents indicated several externalities yielded by co‐location such as buying intermediate goods, enhanced reputation and joint participation in trade fairs. However, other externalities such as providing access to new technology and referrals to other firms were only slightly indicated useful as produced by co‐location.Practical implications – Practitioners in the salmon farming industry are suggested to pursue inter‐cluster cooperation.Originality/value – While previous findings are conflicting, the contribution of this study w.
Can Price Promotions Improve Tourist Loyalty to Tour Operators?

ABSTRACT This work sets forth two main objectives: First, to analyze the effect that promotions have on tourist loyalty to tour operators, and second, to analyze this effect according to the purchasing pattern of tourists. Therefore, an empirical study is performed, and the promotional effect is analyzed by applying structural equation models. The results indicate that the effect by promotions on tourist loyalty differs according to the purchasing pattern of the consumer. Price promotions do not erode the loyalty of first-time consumers, while for consumers who have already acquired trips with the same tour operator, it is more appropriate to design specific loyalty policies.
Increased expression of phospholipase D1 in the brains of scrapie‐infected mice

Mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical‐induced oxidative damage are critical factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, phospholipid breakdown by phospholipase D (PLD) has been recognized as an important signalling pathway in the nervous system. Here, we examined the expression of PLD and alteration of membrane phospholipid in scrapie brain. We have found that protein expression and enzyme activity of PLD1 were increased in scrapie brains compared with controls; in particular, there was an increase in the mitochondrial fraction. PLD1 in mitochondrial membranes from scrapie brains, but not from control brains, was tyrosine phosphorylated. Furthermore, the concentration of mitochondrial phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was increased and the content of phosphatidic acid, a product of PLD activity, was up‐regulated in the mitochondrial membrane fractions. Immunohistochemically, PLD1 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in activated astrocytes in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus of scrapie brains. Taken together, these results suggest that PLD activation might induce alterations in mitochondrial lipids and, in turn, mediate mitochondrial dysfunction in the brains of scrapie‐infected mice.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES AND EMERGING TRENDS IN THE KM JOB MARKET

AbstractOver the past decades, the information and knowledge professions have become an important facet of the modern economy. The rise of the Internet and the impact of globalization have changed the way companies do business and led them to direct their attention to the importance of managing knowledge and information. Realizing the value of intellectual capital and the need for managing organizational intellectual assets, organizations are seeking a new generation of information professionals who are able to work in intensive and complex knowledge environments. This study is an attempt to look at the roles and responsibilities outlined by hiring organizations in descriptions of their job advertisements. Empirical data concerning the organizations recruiting, the location of position, the main requirements and skills desired in the applicant, the qualifications needed, salary information, role and responsibilities were gathered from 1200 postings within the United States over the course of a year. The content analysis of the job postings and job description are used to identify areas and trends in the information and knowledge profession.
Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo flow rate dependency of budesonide/formoterol Easyhaler(®).

BACKGROUND The Easyhaler(®) (EH) device-metered dry powder inhaler containing budesonide and formoterol is being developed for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As a part of product optimization, a series of in vitro and in vivo studies on flow rate dependency were carried out. METHODS Inspiratory flow parameters via EH and Symbicort(®) Turbuhaler(®) (TH) inhalers were evaluated in 187 patients with asthma and COPD. The 10(th), 50(th), and 90(th) percentile flow rates achieved by patients were utilized to study in vitro flow rate dependency of budesonide/formoterol EH and Symbicort TH. In addition, an exploratory pharmacokinetic study on pulmonary deposition of active substances for budesonide/formoterol EH in healthy volunteers was performed. RESULTS Mean inspiratory flow rates through EH were 64 and 56 L/min in asthmatics and COPD patients, and through TH 79 and 72 L/min, respectively. Children with asthma had marginally lower PIF values than the adults. The inspiratory volumes were similar in all groups between the inhalers. Using weighted 10(th), 50(th), and 90(th) percentile flows the in vitro delivered doses (DDs) and fine particle doses (FPDs) for EH were rather independent of flow as 98% of the median flow DDs and 89%-93% of FPDs were delivered already at 10(th) percentile air flow. Using±15% limits, EH and TH had similar flow rate dependency profiles between 10(th) and 90(th) percentile flows. The pharmacokinetic study with budesonide/formoterol EH in healthy subjects (n=16) revealed a trend for a flow-dependent increase in lung deposition for both budesonide and formoterol. CONCLUSIONS Comparable in vitro flow rate dependency between budesonide/formoterol EH and Symbicort TH was found using the range of clinically relevant flow rates. The results of the pharmacokinetic study were in accordance with the in vitro results showing only a trend of flow rate-dependant increase in lung deposition of active substances with EH.
The moderating role of the interactive use of Management Control Systems (MCS) on the relation between knowledge management types and marketing project performance

This study integrates the contingency concept to inspect the moderate effects of the interactive use of management control system (MCS) on the relation between knowledge management (KM) types and marketing project performance. One hundred and eighty five companies in Taiwan were surveyed for the analysis data with the respondent of marketing project managers. The empirical results showed that: (1) Based on the internal and external knowledge, this study derived four types of KM (knowledge creator, knowledge introducer, knowledge integrator, and non-KM); (2) When the marketing project department dedicated more on the interactive use of financial MCS or multiple dimensions MCS, the three types of KM mechanism (knowledge creator, knowledge introducer, and knowledge integrator) would have a positive effect on marketing project performance; (3) When the marketing project department emphasized on the interactive use of interpersonal MCS, the KM application of knowledge integrator would have a positive effect on marketing project performance.
Empirical research on the resource‐based view of the firm: an assessment and suggestions for future research

The resource‐based view (RBV) is one of the most widely accepted theories of strategic management. However, to date no systematic assessment of the RBV's level of empirical support has been conducted. In response, a sample of RBV‐grounded empirical articles was analyzed from which it was found that the RBV has received only modest support overall and that this support varies considerably with the independent variable and theoretical approach employed. It is therefore suggested that scholars avoid the tendency to test models reflecting early incarnations of the RBV and instead test those that incorporate its more contemporary theoretical extensions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring the determinants of brand preference in a dairy product market

Branding is increasingly being used as a strategy for managing markets in developed countries while developing countries still lag behind. The objective of this study was to assess the level of brand awareness and factors underlying brand preference of dairy brands in Chitungwiza and Harare urban markets in Zimbabwe. A total of 90 respondents who included individual and institutional consumers were selected using judgmental and simple random sampling respectively. Primary data was collected using structured interview schedules developed for each category of consumers. Consumer product awareness indices, cluster analysis and factor analysis were the main tools used in the analysis. The findings of the study showed that 52% of the respondent consumers were aware of ARDA dairy brands despite having come across few ARDA DDP advertisements. Four factors were identified as key determinants of dairy product choice namely promotion, price and availability of product, attractive packaging and product quality. There is need for agricultural marketers to incorporate these findings in the formulation of responsive marketing strategies.
Degrees of uncertainty: An overview and framework for future research on experience‐based choice

A striking finding has emerged recently in the literature: When decision makers are faced with essentially the same choice, their preferences differ as a function of whether options are described or are “experienced” via observation and feedback. For example, when presented the described choice: (A) A 90% chance of $0 and a 10% chance of $10 or (B) $1 for sure, people tend to prefer (A). But when those same two options are experienced through observation of “draws” from two payoff distributions that match the described options, the modal preference reverses. Why? This is just one question that the papers in this special issue address. In addition, they address the rich repertoire of issues that arise when one considers experience-based choices. The decisions-from-experience paradigm—with its focus on the acquisition and integration of information prior to choice, as well the choice itself—taps many of the fundamentals of psychology (learning, memory, encoding, knowledge representation, modelling) thus inspiring novel and fruitful avenues for research. This paper reviews recent research on experience-based choice, and highlights the contribution of the papers in the special issue. The paper introduces a framework that places different types of decisions along a continuum of uncertainty about what one is choosing between, which emphasizes the rich and varied role of “experience” in decision making. It ends by identifying important unsolved questions that are ripe for future research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mpv 17 in mitochondria protects podocytes against mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro

Gabriela Casalena,* Stefanie Krick,* Ilse Daehn, Liping Yu, Wenjun Ju, Shaolin Shi, Su-yi Tsai, Vivette D’Agati, Maja Lindenmeyer, Clemens D. Cohen, Detlef Schlondorff, and Erwin P. Bottinger Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Pathology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and Division of Nephrology and Institute of Physiology with Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Profiling Spanish Socially Responsible Investors

Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) corresponds to an investment practice that takes into account not only the usual financial return-risk criteria, but also other non-financial dimensions, namely in terms of environmental, social and governance concerns. In recent years, SRI has undergone tremendous growth that has increased even more after the 2008 financial crisis. In this context of growth it is important for mutual fund managers and institutional to know the profile of this important emerging group of investors, especially in countries like Spain where this type of investment is still marginal.In this paper we analyze the degree of influence of a number of variables on the propensity for being a socially responsible investor through logistic regression. This study can be of great value for marketing researchers, institutional investors and fund managers attempting to identify those investors more receptive to SRI products. The information can also be used by advertising researchers to develop effective advertising campaigns.
Channeling alpha male leaders

The business world is a natural habitat of alpha males. Whether they're larger-than-life legends who run giant companies or relative unknowns heading up obscure firms and small departments, these aggressive powerhouses are hardwired for achievement and eager to tackle challenges that others find intimidating. Alpha males who are well-balanced human beings in full command of their strengths, are esteemed by colleagues, revered by employees, and adored by Wall Street. But other alpha males are organizational risks, not assets. They inspire fear and resentment rather than trust and respect, often causing expensive problems for their companies. Indeed, the very term alpha male has become a pejorative in America, thanks to the many instances when their abuses have created corporate soap operas and dramatic news stories.