Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of seed priming with iron and zinc on yield contributing parameters as well as the nutrient uptake of the soybean (Glycine max) in calcareous soil

An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of seed priming with iron and zinc on yield contributing parameters as well as the nutrient uptake of the Soybean (Glycine max). The field experiment was conducted at PGI, Research Farm. Department of Soil Science and Agril. Chemistry, M.P.K.V. , Rahuri, during the kharif 2016-17. The effect of seed priming, or soaking seeds in nutrient solution for 12 hours before drying and sowing them, was done for soybean (Glycine max) during the kharif season of 2016 i.e. from 30-6-2016 to 10-9-2016 in M.P.K.V, Rahuri, Maharashtra. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replication and seven treatments. The treatment comprised of absolute control, GRDF (general recommended dose of fertilizer) (50:75:45 kg ha-1 N : P2O5:K2O + 5 t FYM ha-1), GRDF with seed priming with distilled water, GRDF with seed priming with Zn EDTA, GRDF with seed priming with ZnSO4, GRDF with seed priming with Fe EDTA, GRDF with seed priming with FeSO4. Better results were obtained from priming the seeds compared to the controlled one. There were significant differences in the germination percentage among the treatments. The highest was shown in the seed priming with Zn EDTA @ 0.2%. Vigour index too showed significant difference due to seed priming. Germination index was highest in the treatment FeSO4.7H2O @ 0.02%. Chlorophyll content showed non-significant difference among the treatments with highest being in treatment FeSO4.7H2O @ 0.02%. The nodule count of soybean plants was highest in treatment FeSO4.7H2O @ 0.02%. The major nutrient (NPK) uptake was comparatively higher in the treated plot over the non-treated controlled plot.
Large-scale Environment of a z = 6.61 Luminous Quasar Probed by Lyα Emitters and Lyman Break Galaxies

Quasars (QSOs) hosting supermassive black holes are believed to reside in massive halos harboring galaxy overdensities. However, many observations revealed average or low galaxy densities around z ≳ 6 QSOs. This could be partly because they measured galaxy densities in only tens of arcmin2 around QSOs and might have overlooked potential larger-scale galaxy overdensities. Some previous studies also observed only Lyman break galaxies (LBGs; massive older galaxies) and missed low-mass young galaxies, like Lyα emitters (LAEs), around QSOs. Here we present observations of LAE and LBG candidates in ∼700 arcmin2 around a z = 6.61 luminous QSO using the Subaru Telescope Suprime-Cam with narrowband/broadband. We compare their sky distributions, number densities, and angular correlation functions with those of LAEs/LBGs detected in the same manner and comparable data quality in our control blank field. In the QSO field, LAEs and LBGs are clustering in 4–20 comoving Mpc angular scales, but LAEs show mostly underdensity over the field while LBGs are forming 30 × 60 comoving Mpc2 large-scale structure containing 3σ–7σ high-density clumps. The highest-density clump includes a bright (23.78 mag in the narrowband) extended (≳16 kpc) Lyα blob candidate, indicative of a dense environment. The QSO could be part of the structure but is not located exactly at any of the high-density peaks. Near the QSO, LAEs show underdensity while LBGs average to 4σ excess densities compared to the control field. If these environments reflect halo mass, the QSO may not be in the most massive halo but still in a moderately massive one.
Patient Perception of Treatment Success: A Qualitative Interview Study in Patients with End-stage Renal Disease undergoing Hemodialysis

Background: End-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis (ESRD-HD) is associated with poor outcomes for patients and can substantially reduce health-related quality of life (HRQL). Alongside drug development for this patient group, there is a need for a better understanding of patients’ perceptions of their condition, their symptoms and the impact ESRD-HD has on their lives. Here, we report data from qualitative, semi-structured, concept-elicitation interviews, conducted as part of a phase 2 clinical study of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) inhibitor tenapanor for the treatment of fluid overload in patients with ESRD-HD. Methods: Patients enrolled in the clinical trial (NCT01764854) were invited to participate in the interviews, which were structured to focus on symptoms before moving on to the impact of the disease on HRQL. Patients’ expressions of ESRD-HD-related concepts were identified in the interview transcripts and coded to allow each concept to be classified into sub-domains. Patients’ perceptions of treatment success were also assessed using openended questions. Results: Overall, 21 patients (12 men) participated in these interviews (mean age ± standard deviation, 51.4 ± 12.8 years). Energy-related, digestive and dryness-related symptoms, and pain and discomfort were the predominant symptom concepts identified from the patients’ expressions. The necessity of adopting coping behaviors (with concepts such as reducing water consumption and dietary restrictions), emotional difficulties (such as irritability, aggravation and agitation), and social/lifestyle limitations and restrictions (such as restricted travel activities) were identified as key sub-domains impacted by the disease. When discussing treatment success, patients focused on not needing to have so much fluid removed during hemodialysis, having fewer adverse effects from hemodialysis and experiencing less fluid retention. Conclusions: These qualitative interviews in patients with ESRDHD and fluid overload provide valuable information on patients’ perceptions of their disease. The study findings may be useful in supporting content validity when developing future or modifying existing patient-reported outcome instruments suitable for this patient group.
Gyrokinetic theory and simulation of mirror instability

The finite Larmor radius (FLR) effects play an important role in determining the threshold and the growth rate of the mirror instability. In this study, a general dispersion relation of the mirror mode with FLR effects is derived by using gyrokinetic theory. It shows that both the FLR effects and the coupling to the slow sound wave are stabilizing. A gyrokinetic particle simulation code has been developed for simulation of compressible magnetic turbulence driven by the mirror instability. Results of the linear simulation of mirror mode agree well with the analytic dispersion relation.
Turbulence transport throughout the heliosphere

[1] We employ a turbulence transport model to compute distributions of turbulence throughout the heliosphere. The model determines the radial dependence of three (coupled) quantities that characterize interplanetary turbulence, the energy per unit mass, the cross helicity or Alfvenicity, and a similarity length scale. A fourth integrated quantity, the plasma temperature, is modified by heat deposition due to turbulent dissipation. The model includes advection, expansion, and reflection effects as well as the tendency toward dynamic alignment, and a von Karman type dissipation function that represents decay of turbulence due to cascade to small scales. Two types of forcing are also featured, one a simple model of stream shear, and the other a driving in the outer heliosphere associated with wave energy injection due to pickup protons of interstellar origin. Parameters for the model have been tuned using observation data from Voyager and Ulysses. We analyze the constraining observations to provide boundary conditions and parameters that vary with heliocentric latitude, with some extrapolations. The fully assembled model permits the computation of the distribution of turbulence throughout the entire heliosphere, and we present solutions for several appropriate parameter sets.
RATIO OF BED LOAD TO TOTAL SEDIMENT LOAD IN COARSE-BED RIVERS

The main characteristics of the flow in coarse-bed rivers are the development of an armor layer during low to mean flows, and the increase of channel instability and sediment load during flood flows. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of bed load in the total sediment load. Three river reaches were selected as representatives of coarse-bed rivers in North-West of Iran. Mean flow characteristics were determined from the calibrated HEC-RAS flow model in these river reaches. A sediment transport model (STM-CBR) was developed to calculate the sediment load from different methods. Sediment transport rates of different modes (i.e. bed, suspended and total loads) were evaluated in these three reaches. The effects of bed material characteristics were also examined. The best fitted relationships to the field data were determined for the proper evaluation of different modes of sediment loads. The ratio of bed load to total load was determined from field measurements and compared with the corresponding predictions from different methods. Two approaches were tested: using those predictive methods that are best fitted with field measurements; and using those methods that calculate both suspended and bed loads on similar basis. The ratio of bed load to total load was found to be in the range between 0.4 and 0.8 with an average value of 0.57, with the inclusion of sub-surface bed material characteristics. The ratio decreases with the increase in the flow rate. The results indicate that the ratio is significantly much higher in coarse-bed rivers than that in sand-bed rivers.
Lithologic mapping using Random Forests applied to geophysical and remote-sensing data: A demonstration study from the Eastern Goldfields of Australia

The Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia is one of the world’s premier gold-producing regions; however, large areas of prospective bedrock are under cover and lack detailed lithologic mapping. Away from the near-mine environment, exploration for new gold prospects requires mapping geology using the limited data available with robust estimates of uncertainty. We used the machine learning algorithm Random Forests (RF) to classify the lithology of an underexplored area adjacent to the historically significant Junction gold mine, using geophysical and remote-sensing data, with no geochemical sampling available at this reconnaissance stage. Using a sparse training sample, 1.6% of the total ground area, we produce a refined lithologic map. The classification is stable, despite including parts of the study area with later intrusions and variable cover depth, and it preserves the stratigraphic units defined in the training data. We assess the uncertainty associated with this new RF classification using information entropy, identifying those areas of the refined map that are most likely to be incorrectly classified. We find that information entropy correlates well with inaccuracy, providing a mechanism for explorers to direct future expenditure toward areas most likely to be incorrectly mapped or geologically complex. We conclude that the method can be an effective additional tool available to geoscientists in a greenfield, orogenic gold setting when confronted with limited data. We determine that the method could be used either to substantially improve an existing map, or produce a new map, taking sparse observations as a starting point. It can be implemented in similar situations (with limited outcrop information and no geochemical data) as an objective, data-driven alternative to conventional interpretation with the additional value of quantifying uncertainty.
Assessments of Market Oriented Beef Cattle Fattening System Under Farmer Management Condition in South Omo Zone of Snnpr

A sample survey was conducted in six districts of three woreda in South Omo zone of SNNPR to assess smallholder beef cattle fattening and marketing systems under farmer management condition. Using a purposive sampling technique, a total of 120 households from six districts were included in the survey. The sample respondents indicated that about 97.5% were castrate their animals for fattening purpose while only 2.5% didn't. About 25.6% of the sample respondents had experience in fattening of uncastrated animals while 74.4% had not experienced in fattening uncastrated animal. About 90.6% of the fattening system they carry out was outdoors,5.1% was indoor and 4.3% were both indoor and outdoor. About 78.9% of the sample respondents indicated that the establishment of farmers' cooperative organization could help to exploit the existing livestock potential in a better way while 21.1% didn't think. About 77.9% Of the respondents indicated that although individual farmer tells the selling price for their own product, they were unable to sell at their own selling price. This is because market price setting for the product was by trader ,15.9% was by negotiation,2.7% was by farmer individually,1.8% respondents determined prices through involvement of brokers/middlemen-this offers the lowest profit margin for the producer due to the fee paid to the middle men and 0.9% was by both broker and negotiation. According to sample respondents, the majority of individual farmer didn’t set the price for their own product, they were price takers. Cattle marketing in the study area function at two levels, namely village level and primary markets. Market actors were producers, consumers, middlemen, restaurant owners, traders and butchers. The channels of cattle marketing was farmers-to-farmers, farmers-to-consumers, farmers-to-traders and farmers-to-butchers. Most of the feed resources were locally available Therefore, to increase the quality and number of animals fattened, providing farmers with sufficient training and extension services on improved cattle fattening technologies, adaptation and introduction of improved feeds and feeding system, market information are needed. Season and market locations were found to affect price of cattle suggesting the need to plan cattle fattening targeting season and market location to benefit farmers from better price, so that cattle fattening become sustainable.
Productivity collapses in the Arabian Sea during glacial cold phases

[1] Productivity in the Arabian Sea is one of the highest in the world. It is controlled by seasonally reversing monsoonal wind-driven upwelling of nutrient-rich deeper waters which fuel phytoplankton growth. The detailed history of upwelling-induced productivity in the eastern Arabian Sea is unknown. Here we present paleoproductivity records from a composite sediment core at the millennial scale during the last 80 kyr B.P. These records are based on relative abundance counts of planktonic foraminifera and organic carbon contents, which are shown to mainly vary in concert. The eastern Arabian Sea upwelling-induced productivity was higher in the glacial period than in the Holocene, but it fell repeatedly on millennial timescales. These productivity declines occurred during cold events in the North Atlantic region, with the most pronounced changes prevailing during the Heinrich events. Hence, seasonal monsoon winds that drive upwelling-induced productivity in the east were weak when the North Atlantic was cold. These weak winds resulted in stratification of the water column, comparable to today's Arabian Sea stratification in the intermonsoonal period. Combining the new eastern with published western Arabian Sea results shows that the entire biological factory was severely diminished during the North Atlantic Heinrich events, and the seasonal productivity change in the Arabian Sea monsoon system was reduced with year-round low productivity.
A Combination of Curcumin from Turmeric and Alpha-linolenic Acid Shows Antagonism with MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells in Phenol-red Free Medium

Aims: To determine the total phenols content and antioxidant capacity for turmeric and curcumin, and to assess the effect of alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA) combinations treatments on MCF-7 breast cancer cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Study Design: In-vitro study.Place and Duration of Study: School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine (UK) September 2015 to September 2016.Methods: Curcumin was characterized for total phenols content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AOC) using Folin-Denis and ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt) assays. MCF-7 cells were grown in DMEM phenol-red free medium (+ 10% charcoal stripped foetal bovine serum) and treated with curcumin, ALA or their combinations. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the sulforhodamine-B assay. Intracellular ROS was monitored using 2,7-dichlorodihydroflourescein diacetate assay.Results: Curcumin showed 42-50 folds higher TPC and AOC compared to turmeric. Both curcumin and ALA (0-500 µM) inhibited MCF-7 cells with the 50% effective dose (EC50) equal to 32 µM (curcumin) or 117 µM (ALA). Combination of curcumin and ALA led to EC50 values of 221 µM (curcumin) and 304 µM (ALA). Isobologram analysis and values for Combination index (CI; CI>1.0) are consistent with ALA and curcumin antagonism. Changes of intracellular ROS were 20-fold higher with ALA treatment of MCF-7 compared with curcumin.Conclusions: ALA and curcumin were each cytotoxic towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells but their combination decreases the effectiveness of each agent due to antagonistic interactions. Both ALA and curcumin produce rises in intracellular ROS for MCF-7 cells. The wider implications of such findings is that though dietary antioxidants could be beneficial on their own, antagonistic interaction with ALA, n-3 fatty acids and other ROS generating conventional anti-cancer drug could be of concern.
Making the Systematic Part of Monetary Policy Transparent

Significant additional transparency by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) could involve explicitness about objectives, especially an inflation target. Explicitness about objectives, however, is incomplete without explicitness about the strategy for achieving those objectives, that is, about the consistency in the way that the FOMC changes the funds rate in response to incoming information. Consistency in this response (a policy rule) is necessary to ensure that the yield curve responds in a stabilizing way to macroeconomic shocks. The desire of former FOMC chairmen Paul Volcker and Alan Greenspan to re-anchor inflationary expectations, which had become unmoored in the period of stop-go monetary policy, imposed an overall consistency on the monetary policy followed during their tenures. This consistency can constitute the basis for an explicit monetary policy rule.
Temperatures and fluids on faults based on carbonate clumped–isotope thermometry

We present results from a carbonate clumped-isotope thermometric study of 42 carbonate samples collected within ∼1 m or less of the Mormon Peak detachment, a large-slip Miocene normal fault in the Basin and Range province of southern Nevada. Samples include cataclastic rocks, narrow vein fillings and larger void-filling carbonates. Our results are consistent with earlier measurements of O and C isotopic ratios and fluid inclusion temperatures, and provide independent constraints on the isotopic composition and temperature of both syntectonic and post-tectonic pore waters. The results reveal a wide range of precipitation temperatures (24 to 137 °C) associated with deformation, and indicate that the pore waters were meteoric, with δ18O as low as −11.6 permil (VSMOW) and δ13C as low as −8.0 permil (VPDB). The results do not provide any direct evidence for high-temperature thermal decarbonation reactions (∼500 to 800 °C) that are widely expected to result from flash heating along upper crustal faults, although they do not rule them out so long as recarbonation occurs at very low temperature, or the products of these reactions are volumetrically minor. The results are difficult to reconcile with recent suggestions that the detachment is the base of one or more catastrophically emplaced, surficial landslides. In concert with other lines of evidence, the data are most simply interpreted as recording deformation and precipitation events through a long history of slip, accompanied by relatively deep (>3 km) circulation of meteoric pore waters along the detachment plane.
Assessing Dispositional Empathy in Adults: A French Validation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)

The goal of this study was to validate a French version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), a self-report questionnaire comprised of four subscales assessing affective (empathic concern and personal distress) and cognitive (fantasy and perspective taking) components of empathy. To accomplish this, 322 adults (18 to 89 years) completed the French version of the IRI (F-IRI). A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor structure of the original IRI. The F-IRI showed good scale score reliability, test–retest reliability, and convergent validity, tested with the French version of the Empathy Quotient. These findings confirmed the reliability and validity of the F-IRI and suggest that the F-IRI is a useful instrument to measure self-reported empathy. In addition, we observed sex and age differences consistent with findings in the literature. Women reported higher scores in empathic concern and fantasy than men. Older adults reported less personal distress and less fantasy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
Visitation Motivation and Demographic Idiosyncrasies in Ghana

Article history: Received September 15, 2012 Received in revised format 20 December 2012 Accepted 20 December 2012 Available online December 24 2012 This paper aims to investigate shoppers’ motivations for visiting the mall in respect of their demographic characteristics. The study was Cross-sectional and adopted the quantitative method. Structure questionnaire was used to collect data through a mall intercept approach. Factor analysis was conducted to determine the mall visitation motivations of shoppers and Chi-square test and regression analysis used to help answer the research questions. The paper found eight (8) key mall visitation motivations attract Ghanaian shoppers. Escapism influences the shoppers most, followed by pleasure flow, safety, aesthetic and architectural leisure, respectively. The least motivational factor is exploration. The result suggests that shoppers in Ghana are most likely to see the mall as an escape route from their daily hectic conditions and a place for relaxation.
Performing for Pay? The Effects of ‘Merit Pay’ on Motivation in a Public Service

Despite the growing use made of performance-related pay schemes, their true impact remains sadly under-researched. This article, a case study of the scheme introduced into the Inland Revenue in 1988, and typical of recent UK public-sector schemes, is an attempt to reduce the area of mystery. We assess the scheme by its likely impact on employee motivation, which we gauge through a variety of employee and management opinions and attitudes, as expressed in more than 2000 responses to a questionnaire. Our conclusion is that, although the scheme was thought by staff to have a number of virtues, it was very unlikely to have raised employee motivation appreciably; it may indeed have been demotivating on balance. We also consider the likely reasons for this result. If the scheme did not improve employee motivation, it is hard to see how it could have enhanced employee performance. The study has potentially important implications for the government policy of seeking to improve the functioning of the public sector through performance-related pay.