Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Firm Resources, Corporate Governance and the Disclosure of Intangible Assets

The paper investigates the determinants of intangible asset disclosure with reference to the interaction of heterogeneous asset and governance characteristics of firms. Specifically, it considers R&D intensity as a measure of asset heterogeneity and multiple proxies for the effectiveness of the firm’s corporate governance mechanisms and structures of accountability. Intellectual capital attributes are applied as the measure of disclosure quality and as the signalling mechanism through which management are able to inform markets of their competitive advantage. By applying the resource based view of the firm and signalling theory, the paper extends prior research on the determinants of intangibles disclosure through an analytical framework that examines the interaction of firm resources, corporate governance and intangibles disclosure. The theoretical framework combines the RBV of the firm in confirming intangibles as a necessary feature of disclosing firms’ asset base and signalling as the means with which management disclose their competitive advantage. The results of the analysis indicate a positive relationship between R&D intensity, complexity and scope of activity and the presence of quality signalling responses. Also, the separation of the roles of chair and non-executive director, complemented by experienced non-executive directors promote quality signalling through the disclosure of intellectual capital attributes. These findings support the view that corporate governance mechanisms are only effective when applied in combination. Governance mechanisms bring about transparency and accountability through disclosure of these intangibles despite the potential competitive losses. The lack of proprietary costs that might otherwise restrict disclosure might be attributed to competitors’ inability to imitate such intellectual capital resources and therefore their inability to duplicate such signals. The findings confirm the interaction between heterogeneous assets and governance mechanisms in the disclosure of intangibles as signalling mechanisms for management.
Adaptive Unstructured Mesh Refinement of Supersonic Channel Flows

An isotropic local mesh refinement technique for unstructured meshes is presented. The present work pertains to inviscid, steady, supersonic internal flows contained in a channel configuration. A density-based mesh refinement sensor function is used to identify regions in the mesh for refinement. A face-cell finite-volume method, permitting dynamic changes to mesh connectivity, is employed in the mesh refinement strategy. The AUSM+ convection scheme is used to compute the interface numerical flux using Mach number and pressure splitting functions. The present method is capable of recursive multi-level mesh adaption. Local mesh refinement equivalent to 64 and 256 times the coarse mesh resolution can be obtained using four and five levels of refinement, respectively. Results for two popular supersonic channel test cases are presented: Mach 1.4 flow over a 4% thick circular arc bump, and Mach 2.0 flow over a 10° compression ramp. The effort associated with the mesh refinement of the bump case accounts for only 4.6% of the total simulation time. For the ramp case, a factor of 4.2 for memory storage requirements and 7.7 for simulation time is required to obtain an equivalent uniform fine mesh solution.
Preoperative and Operative Risk Factors for Conversion of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy to Open Cholecystectomy in Pakistan

Introduction The currently available literature suggests a wide range of conversion (4.9-20%) from laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) to open cholecystectomy (OC) despite the increase in surgical expertise. Open cholecystectomy is important as the last resort for safe surgical practice in complicated cases. Increased number of pre-operative and perioperative risk factors need to be identified to pre-empt conversion. However, there has been a significant decrease in conversion rates over the past few decades. This study was conducted to determine conversion rates in our population and to identify any significant risks for conversion. Methods This prospective study was conducted at the Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, including 1081 cholecystectomies, performed over a two-year period from January 2017 to January 2019. Comparison of risk factors between the two groups; laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) group and conversion to open cholecystectomy (OC) group was done. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 24.0. 1. P<0.05 were considered significant. Results In our study, the overall conversion rate was 7.78%. Factors of conversion to open cholecystectomy (OC) included age ≥65, morbid obesity, diabetes mellitus, and previous abdominal surgery. Deranged alkaline phosphatase (ALP), increased total bilirubin, increased common bile duct (CBD) diameter, and multiple stones in ultrasonography showed a statistically significant association with the conversion. Per-operative findings of increased adhesions >50%, empyema gallbladder (GB), perforated GB, and scleroatrophic GB showed a higher risk of conversion too (p <0.05). However, there was no statistical association with preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to OC in our population. Conclusion An open cholecystectomy is a safe approach for patients with complicated gallbladder disease. No doubt laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard having its outstanding benefits. This study identifies predictors of choice for OC in addition to the decision to convert to OC. In view of the raised morbidity and mortality associated with open cholecystectomy, distinguishing these predictors will serve to decrease the rate of OC and to address these factors preoperatively.
The strategy – resource configurations and performance implications in Nongovernmental Organizations

th March 2012 Configurations are composed of organizational elements that render certain outcomes collectively rather than individually. This study set out to establish the implications of strategy and resource configurations on performance of Nongovernmental organizations. We tested for strategy with the sub variables of resources as predictors of performance in the tangible and intangible sub domains. Using interaction terms, results revealed that different configuration settings rendered into various performance outcomes. Strategy ‐tangible resource models had high coefficients but were not significant in predicting tangible, intangible and main performance. On the contrary strategy ‐ intangible resources were significant with other domains save with intangible performance. The three way interaction term was not significant although with high prediction power across the performance variables. We conclude that configuration approach offers promise in better understanding of the performance of NGOs. The study outcomes have rich insights for both scholars and practitioners. We recommend further empirical examinations of strategy elements in the NGO sector.
Difference in the Levels of Ferritin, Hemoglobin, and Erythrocyte Count of Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Patients after One, Three and Six Months of Hemodialysis

INTRODUCTION: 77,892 chronic kidney disease patients in Indonesia undergo hemodialysis in 2017. However, the effects of period of undergoing hemodialysis on hemoglobin level, erythrocyte count, and ferritin level are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: This research aims at examining the effects of period of undergoing hemodialysis on the levels of ferritin, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte count of stage 5 of chronic kidney disease patients. METHODS: In the analytical observational research with a cross sectional design, 30 men meet the inclusion criteria and are randomly divided into 3 groups: one month group (1M-G), three months group (3M-G), and six months group (6M-G). Each of the research objects has undergone hemodialysis for one, three and six months. The levels of ferritin, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte count are analyzed with an immunoflourescence method. RESULTS: The Post Hoc LSD analysis states that the ferritin levels of 3M-G (718±63.61) and 6M-G (947±66.22) are significantly higher than that of 1M-G (383.77), p 0.05. CONCLUSION: After undergoing hemodialysis for three and six months, the ferritin levels improve significantly compared to that of one month of hemodialysis, and there is no significant difference in hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte counts.
Directives in Sinhala: Children’s Speech and Adult Child-Directed Speech

Directives is an important area of study in child language development and language socialization since it illustrates children’s ability to affect the behavior of others around them by using language. However, we have no account of directives by children in Sinhala. A study of Sinhala directives by children is important given that research on diverse languages contribute to significant changes in our knowledge of both the typology and the linguistic resources used for directives in general. The main aim of this study is to record the forms of directives used by children speaking Sinhala as a first language. Sinhala, the dominant language of Sri Lanka, is little studied in terms of pragmatics. Therefore, a secondary purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of Sinhala pragmatics. Using recorded data and observation from children and their caregivers, this paper studies the use of Sinhala directives by middle class children and their adult caretakers in Sri Lanka. The study shows that children from 2-4 years of age are able to use directives appropriate to their pragmatic function. It also shows surprising findings on children’s use of (im)polite language, an area that needs more research.
Effect of Brassinosteroid and Selenium on Uptake and Accumulation of Chromium in Yellow Flag (Iris pseudacorus)

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of brassinosteroids (Br) and selenium (Se) on iron plaque (IP) formation and chromium (Cr) accumulation and uptake by Iris pseudacorus L. (yellow flag). Yellow flag seedlings (4 week old seedlings) were grown under 0.1 mg L Br (24-epibrassinolide (Br24) or 28-homobrassinolide (Br28)) or 0.5 mg L Se (Se(IV) or Se(VI)) for 2 weeks. Then seedlings with or without IP induction (60 mg Fe L for 3 days) were exposed to 5 mg L hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] for 1 week. The results showed that Cr reduced Fe accumulation and uptake by yellow flag with or without IP; however, this effect was significantly neutralized by Br, but not by Se. IP significantly enhanced Cr accumulation in DCB extract and the whole yellow flag seedling, and increased Cr content by 36%. Br24 and Br28 significantly enhanced Cr accumulation and uptake by yellow flag and increased Cr enrichment by 36 and 51% in the absence of IP, and 7 and 21% in the presence of IP, respectively. Se(IV) markedly improved Cr accumulation in the root, but Cr accumulation and uptake in the shoot and DCB extract were not affected by Se(IV) and Se(VI). Our study suggests that Br24 and Br28 can alleviate Fe loss caused by Cr stress and increase Cr accumulation and uptake by yellow flag seedlings. © 2017 Friends Science Publishers
DYADIC INTERACTIONS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBJECT USE IN TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of typically human developmental disabilities. ASD has been well-researched but we can find only a few studies on object manipulation and play by children with ASD. These investigations demonstrate that children with ASD are less involved in object use and play activities in general than typically developing (TD) children, their actions often being monotonous, repetitive, unusual, meaningless and non-goal directed. Play has a very important role in life: it is a way to develop emotional-, cognitive-, physical-, language- and social abilities. Deficiencies of play activities have been acknowledged to have a seriously negative impact on development. In our research we compared six 2-7 years old TD children to six mentally age-matched ASD-affected children in child-parent interactions in semi-structured play situtations recorded on video in the homes of the consenting families. The sets of objects offered for play presented possibilities of different degrees of complexity and type of play, and each set called for certain forms of object use (such as, for example, exploration, pretend play and imitation). We aimed to explore the interaction patterns of TD- and ASD child–parent pairs, focusing on the characteristics of object use and verbal communication. We used the Observer XT 8.0 and SPSS 15.0 for Windows Evaluation Version softwares for data analysis. Our results show that while parents in both groups were inclined to demonstrate object use forms that were less preferred by the child, demonstration was more pronounced in pairs of ASD-children, where the parents used more explicit verbal explanations and teaching-intentioned gestures. TD child-parent pairs performed more one-way and reciprocal imitation, thus canalizing the child’s attention effectively to learn from the partner during play. Poorer performance and capabilities in pretend play and imitation stand as serious obstacles to the development of children with ASD.
Harder-Narasimhan stacks for principal bundles in higher dimensions

Let $G$ be a connected split reductive group over a field $k$ of arbitrary characteristic, chosen suitably. Let $X\to S$ be a smooth projective morphism of locally noetherian $k$-schemes, with geometrically connected fibers. We show that for each Harder-Narasimhan type $\tau$ for principal $G$-bundles, all pairs consisting of a principal $G$-bundle on a fiber of $X\to S$ together with a given canonical reduction of HN-type $\tau$ form an Artin algebraic stack $Bun_{X/S}^{\tau}(G)$ over $S$. Moreover, the forgetful $1$-morphism $Bun_{X/S}^{\tau}(G) \to Bun_{X/S}(G)$ to the stack of all principal $G$-bundles on fibers of $X\to S$ is a schematic morphism, which is of finite type, separated and injective on points. The notion of a relative canonical reduction that we use was defined earlier in arXiv:1505.02236, where we showed that a stronger result holds in characteristic zero, namely, the $1$-morphisms $Bun_{X/S}^{\tau}(G) \to Bun_{X/S}(G)$ are locally closed imbeddings which stratify $Bun_{X/S}(G)$ as $\tau$ varies.
Interactions of ice sheets: instability and self-organization

The entire dynamic systems consisting of ice sheets and their environment are considered in order to understand the mechanisms of instability. We propose that the Late Cenozoic behavior of the global climatic system ice-ocean-atmosphere-lithosphere (including Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles) is triggered by a series of glacial catastrophes.
Maximizing Post-exercise Anabolism: The Case for Relative Protein Intakes

Maximizing the post-exercise increase in muscle protein synthesis, especially of the contractile myofibrillar protein fraction, is essential to facilitate effective muscle remodeling, and enhance hypertrophic gains with resistance training. MPS is the primary regulated variable influencing muscle net balance with dietary amino acid ingestion representing the single most important nutritional variable enhancing post-exercise rates of muscle protein synthesis. Dose-response studies in average (i.e., ~80 kg) males have reported an absolute 20 g dose of high quality, rapidly digested protein maximizes mixed, and myofibrillar protein synthetic rates. However, it is unclear if these absolute protein intakes can be viewed in a “one size fits all” solution. Re-analysis of published literature in young adults suggests a relative single meal intake of ~0.31 g/kg of rapidly digested, high quality protein (i.e., whey) should be considered as a nutritional guideline for individuals of average body composition aiming to maximize post-exercise myofibrillar protein synthesis while minimizing irreversible amino acid oxidative catabolism that occurs with excessive intakes of this macronutrient. This muscle-specific bolus intake is lower than that reported to maximize whole body anabolism (i.e., ≥0.5 g/kg). Review of the available literature suggests that potential confounders such as the co-ingestion of carbohydrate, sex, and amount of active muscle mass do not represent significant barriers to the translation of this objectively determined relative protein intake. Additional research is warranted to elucidate the effective dose for proteins with suboptimal amino acid compositions (e.g., plant-based), and/or slower digestion rates as well as whether recommendations are appreciably affected by other physiological conditions such endurance exercise, high habitual daily protein ingestion, aging, obesity, and/or periods of chronic negative energy balance.
chronic phase vs imatinib in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia

http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/content/121/18/3703.full. html Updated information and services can be found at: (975 articles) Myeloid Neoplasia  (1773 articles) Free Research Articles  (3732 articles) Clinical Trials and Observations  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests Information about reproducing this article in parts or in its entirety may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#reprints Information about ordering reprints may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/subscriptions/index.xhtml Information about subscriptions and ASH membership may be found online at:
Impact of chemotherapy on the expression of claudins and cadherins in invasive breast cancer

The importance of the expression profile of claudins in the molecular classification of breast cancer (BC) is currently under investigation. Claudins, together with cadherins, serve an important role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and influence the chemosensitivity of cancer cells. Adjuvant chemotherapy is administered following surgical resection in selected cases of BC. Previous neoadjuvant chemotherapy may change the molecular profile of a tumour and subsequently also its chemosensitivity. In the current study, the expression of claudin-1, −3 and −4, E- and N-cadherin and the standard BC biomarkers [oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and marker of proliferation Ki-67 (Ki-67)] in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 62 patients with invasive BC was analysed using immunohistochemistry prior to and following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The results revealed increased expression of claudin-1 (P=0.03) and decreased expression of claudin-3 (P=0.005), PR (P<0.001) and Ki-67 (P=0.01) following the neoadjuvant therapy. No significant changes in the expression of ER, claudin-4 or E- and N-cadherin were observed following therapy. Furthermore, an association between the expression of claudin-1 and the standard BC markers (P<0.05) was identified. A high expression of claudin-1 was more frequently observed in the triple-negative BC cohort than in the cohort with positive ER, PR and/or HER2 before (P=0.04) and after chemotherapy (P=0.02). The expression of N-cadherin was associated with the expression of ER, PR, HER2 and tumour grade (P<0.05). A positive association between the expression of claudin-3 and E-cadherin (P=0.005) was observed. No association was found between the expression of E- and N-cadherin. In conclusion, significant changes in the expression of claudin-1 and −3 but not in the expression of claudin-4, E- and N-cadherin were observed in samples taken from patients with BC following chemotherapy. These findings indicate that claudins-1 and −3 serve a role in the response of BC to chemotherapy.
A transient 2-D water quality model for pipeline systems

This study develops a water quality model in a pipeline during transient conditions using a two-dimensional (2-D) approach including advection, diffusion, and reaction terms. More specifically, using a modifiedVardy-Hwang hydraulic model, a 2-D transient model for flow is coupled with a 2-D advection-diffusion-reaction model for chemical constituent concentration.A five-region turbulence model is used to compute turbulent shear stresses. Using a fixed grid method of characteristics, the hydraulic equations are integrated numerically to determine the velocity and pressure head. Then, an explicit/implicit finite difference method is used to integrate the advection-diffusion-reaction equation (ADRE). A reservoir-pipe-valve-reservoir system illustrates the 2-D behaviour of transient flowdue to a sudden valve opening and results are compared with a one-dimensional (1-D) counterpart. Although the system response using the two models is not dramatically different, the 2-D results do show some discernable increases in realism and insight over the 1-D model. Interestingly, the study also reveals that the Taylor model produces insufficient dispersion in a large-diameter pipe carrying a fully turbulent flow with large Reynolds number.
The effect of tree mortality on biogeochemical response after mountain pine beetle forest infestation

iii List of Figures . v List of Tables . vi List of Acronyms . vii Acknowledgements . viii CHAPTER 1: Introduction . 1 CHAPTER 2: Methods and Materials . 5 CHAPTER 3: Geochemical Results . 14 CHAPTER 4: Soil Microbial Community Results . 20 CHAPTER 5: Discussion . 29 CHAPTER 6: Conclusions and Future Directions . 36 References . 39 Appendix A: Biogeochemical Parameters . 44
Genetic variations in triple-negative breast cancers undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy

Aim: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known as aggressive subtype and have no identified targeted therapies. We examined the relationship of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response to genetic variations of TNBC. Methods: The tumors used in this study were collected from Showa University Hospital, Japan. Thirteen formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors from Japanese TNBC patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy were used for analysis. Of these, eight surgically resected tumors showed progressive disease and/or recurrence after treatment (PD/REC), and biopsy tissues from five patients showing pathological complete response (pCR) were analyzed. DNA extracted from tissue sample were analyzed. The Miseq system and Trusight Tumor Sequence panel kit were used to sequence 174 amplicons over 82 exons of 26 cancer-related genes to identify genetic mutations. Results: Seven somatic non-synonymous variants were detected in three genes (FOXL2, PIK3CA, and TP53) in all five pCR patients, and six somatic non-synonymous variants in two genes (PTEN and TP53) were detected in six of eight PD/REC patients. Eight of 13 TNBC tumors were found to have TP53 pathogenic variants, in both pCR and PD/REC cases. Conclusion: Although TP53 variation was detected in both pCR and PD/REC cases, each location and type of the variant were different. We could not identify genetic mutations associated with chemotherapy response and recurrence.