Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The long‐term prognosis in untreated cerebral aneurysms: II. Late morbidity and mortality

Three hundred sixty‐four patients who suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage from an aneurysm at either the anterior (ACA) or posterior (PCA) communicating artery location and who were not surgically treated have been followed for up to 21 years in order to study the late morbidity and mortality. For patients surviving six months: (1) little improvement in morbidity was noted during the many years of subsequent follow‐up; (2) in general, ACA patients fared better than PCA patients; (3) the neurological state on original admission was strongly correlated with the degree of morbidity; (4) other factors measured at time of original hemorrhage which adversely affected morbidity included the level of blood pressure or the presence of clot or spasm; (5) if deaths from late hemorrhage are excluded, cardiovascular causes account for the majority of subsequent deaths; and (6) the risk of dying from all causes in increased when compared to a population matched by age and sex.
Race Times for Transgender Athletes

: In recent years, organizations such as the International Olympic Committee have created regulations to allow those athletes who have undergone gender reassignment to compete in their chosen gender. Despite these rules, there is still a widespread belief that transgender female athletes have an inherent advantage over 46,XX female competitors. Until now, there has not been any published data, based on performances of transgender athletes, to either support or refute this belief. There are two main stumbling blocks to creating such a study: the first is to determine an appropriate metric to examine and the second is to find participants for the study. This study analyzed race times for eight transgender female runners, who have competed in distance races as both male and female, using a mathematical model called age grading. Collectively, the age graded scores for these eight runners are the same in both genders.
CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NORADRENALINE IN THE TWO KIDNEY MODEL OF RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION IN THE RAT

1 Plasma noradrenaline concentrations were similar in rats following unilateral renal arterial constriction (two kidney Goldblatt model) and in sham‐operated control rats. 2 The development of hypertension was not affected by pretreatment with intracisternal injections of 6‐hydroxydopamine. 3 These data suggest that sympathetic mechanisms do not contribute to the development of hypertension in this model.
ABO and Rh blood groups and their ethnic distribution in a teaching hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal.

INTRODUCTION ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most important blood grouping systems from clinical aspect. Determination of blood group is important for blood transfusion therapy, medico-legal purposes, organ transplantation, settlement of paternity disputes etc. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out for a period of one year from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2011 in blood bank of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. All blood samples collected for blood group determination were included in the study. Blood group was determined by slide agglutination method using commercial antisera. RESULTS A total of 13568 blood samples were analyzed, 5123 (37.75%) were male and 8445 (62.25%) were female. Frequencies of blood groups A, B, AB and O were found to be 4034 (29.7%), 3665 (27.0%), 1114 (8.2%) and 4755 (35.1%). Frequencies of Rh positive and Rh negative blood groups were found to be 13200 (97.3%) and 368 (2.7%). Blood group O was common in Brahmin, Chhetri, Tamang, Lama, Gurung, Sherpa, Terai Brahmin, Muslim and Yadav ethnicities; blood group A was common in Newar, Rai, Magar, Limbu and Sanyasi ethnicitites; and blood group B was common in Tharu and Marwari ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS Blood group O was found to be the most common blood group while AB was the rarest one. It was found that blood group O is the more common in Sherpa, Brahmin and Yadav; A in Limbu, Rai and Newar; and B in Tharu and Marwari ethnicities.
Aerosols, their Direct and Indirect Effects

Contributing Authors A. Ackerman, P. Adams, P. Austin, R. Boers, O. Boucher, M. Chin, C. Chuang, B. Collins, W. Cooke, P. DeMott, Y. Feng, H. Fischer, I. Fung, S. Ghan, P. Ginoux, S. -L. Gong, A. Guenther, M. Herzog, A. Higurashi, Y. Kaufman, A. Kettle, J. Kiehl, D. Koch, G. Lammel, C. Land, U. Lohmann, S. Madronich, E. Mancini, M. Mishchenko, T. Nakajima, P. Quinn, P. Rasch, D.L. Roberts, D. Savoie, S. Schwartz, J. Seinfeld, B. Soden, D. Tanre, K. Taylor, I. Tegen, X. Tie, G. Vali, R. Van Dingenen, M. van Weele, Y. Zhang
Accounting Choices and Capital Allocation : Evidence from Large Private U . S . Firms

We provide new evidence on the relation between capital allocation and firms’ accounting choices. Using confidential data on the production of audited GAAP financial statements by large privately held U.S. firms, we focus on an economically important setting that controls approximately $10 trillion of capital, but is not subject to financial reporting mandates. Our main findings are threefold. First, we find the majority of firms (over 60%) do not produce audited GAAP financial statements, which publicly held firms are mandated to produce. Second, in contrast to prior literature focusing on debt contracting in the setting of private firms, the evidence reveals that capital allocated via equity and trade credit is more strongly related to the decision to produce audited GAAP financial statements compared to debt. Third, exploiting variation across firm, industry, and time, we find characteristics such as growth opportunities, firm youth, and the presence of intangibles are positively related to audited GAAP statements. Our findings have implications for the future use of accounting as the economy shifts to firms with softer assets and fewer firms turn to public equity markets for capital.
The sialic acids. XI. A periodate-resorcinol method for the quantitative estimation of free sialic acids and their glycosides.

Abstract The Svennerholm resorcinol method for the quantitative determination of the sialic acids was modified by introducing a periodate oxidation step prior to heating with the resorcinol reagent. Sialic acid glycosides could be determined without acid hydrolysis. The glycosides gave chromogens stable to periodate oxidation at 37°, whereas free sialic acid gave chromogens that were destroyed at this temperature, but were stable at 0°. Using these properties, the periodate-resorcinol method was applied to the determination of total, free, or bound sialic acid. The periodate-resorcinol method was substantially more sensitive than the resorcinol procedure, was not affected by lipids, amino acids, or sugars, and could be used to detect free or glycosidically bound sialic acids on paper chromatograms.
Outcomes after first-ever stroke.

OBJECTIVES To determine the outcomes after first-ever stroke, including mortality, dependence, and recurrence. DESIGN Retrospective study on a prospectively collected cohort. SETTING Regional hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS A cohort of 755 patients presented to our hospital from 1996 to 1998 with their first-ever stroke. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mortality and stroke recurrence rate at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years from the onset of the stroke. Dependence in activity of daily living at 5 years from the onset of stroke. RESULTS The mortality rate was 15.1% at 30 days, 22.5% at 1 year, and 39.7% at 5 years from the onset of the first-ever stroke. The rate of stroke recurrence was 0.9% at 30 days, 7.0% at 1 year, and 21.2% at 5 years from the onset of first-ever stroke. Among patients presenting with ischaemic strokes, 109 (20.6%) had a recurrence, of which 92 (84%) were ischaemic strokes and 17 (16%) were haemorrhagic. Among patients presenting with intracerebral haemorrhage, 25 (23.1%) had a recurrence, of which 12 (48%) were haemorrhagic strokes and 13 (52%) patients were ischaemic. After 5 years, 11% of the patients were dependent in terms of activity of daily living. CONCLUSIONS The long-term prognosis after first-ever stroke is poor--5 years after their stroke, 39.7% of patients had died and 10.7% were dependent in terms of activity of daily living; 136 (21%) who survived at least 30 days after the initial stroke, had a recurrence within 5 years.
Dose‐reduced conditioning for allografting in 44 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia: a retrospective analysis

This retrospective study describes the outcome of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia after allografting using dose‐reduced conditioning with fludarabine and busulphan. Forty‐four Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive patients were transplanted in nine German centres; 26 patients were in chronic phase, 11 in accelerated phase and seven in blast crisis. Thirty‐four patients achieved complete remission, with 18 alive and disease‐free at a median follow‐up of 562 d (range 244–922 d). Grade II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) incidence was 43%. Twenty patients died, 15 of causes unrelated to relapse. Risk factors predisposing to graft failure by univariate analysis were an unrelated donor (8/23 compared with a related donor 2/21, P = 0·07) and interferon therapy within 90 d of transplant (4/6 versus 3/17, P = 0·025). At the last follow‐up, of 31 patients for whom molecular or cytogenetic data were available, 16 (52%) were polymerase chain reaction‐negative, and seven (23%) were Ph‐negative by fluorescent in situ hybridization. These findings demonstrate that dose‐reduced conditioning with fludarabine and busulphan provides durable engraftment and a low rate of relapse. However, in this population, many of whom were not eligible for high‐dose conditioning due to age, reduced performance status, previous complications or extensive pre‐treatment, these data highlight the need for effective anti‐infectious and GVHD prophylaxis. In addition, this study supports the discontinuation of interferon therapy at least 90 d before transplant
Job Satisfaction in Public Sector and Private Sector: A Comparison

Public Sector versus Private Sector comparisons are a debate which seems to be a never ending topic. It is very difficult to take stand for either of these two forms of administration. The reason behind that is not unknown but obvious as both provide scopes in different ways. Job satisfaction describes how content an individual is with his or her job. The happier people are within their job, the more satisfied they are said to be. This paper surveys both the sectors in most of the aspects of analysis. As the current findings show, jobholders vary regarding the extent of ambivalence experienced with respect to their attitude toward their job. The current findings also open up opportunities for further research regarding the consequences of job ambivalence. For instance, the present findings imply that job performance of individuals with high versus low job ambivalence may fluctuate such that job performance is comparatively high when positive beliefs and affective experiences are salient and thus predominate at a certain point in time but that their performance may be comparatively low at other times when negative beliefs and affective experiences are salient and predominate. In this respect, research could, for instance, collect manager perceptions of performance consistency. Future research should aim to replicate the present findings with larger and more diverse samples as well as profit from the use of multiple-item scales to measure job performance. Index Terms—job satisfaction, public sector, private sector, scope I. INTRODUCTION Job satisfaction has been defined as a pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job; an affective reaction to one's job; and an attitude towards one's job. We can argue that job satisfaction is an attitude but researchers should clearly distinguish the objects of cognitive evaluation which are affect (emotion), beliefs and behaviors. This definition suggests that we form attitudes towards our jobs by taking into account our feelings, our beliefs, and our behaviors. Job satisfaction is not the same as motivation, although it is clearly linked. Job design aims to enhance job satisfaction and performance; methods include job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment. Other influences on satisfaction include the management
Treatment of Sexual Offenders With Psychopathic Traits

This article provides a review of recent literature related to the treatment of psychopathy in forensic settings, with particular focus on studies with sexual offenders. The lack of empirical support for the position that psychopaths are untreatable is noted, and data suggesting optimism is discussed. Research demonstrating an interaction between psychopathy and substance abuse and between psychopathy and sexual deviance is also presented. Both substance abuse disorders and inappropriate arousal are frequently encountered in high-risk groups of sexual offenders. These topics are of relevance, in that the question of whether treatment is beneficial with high-risk sexual offenders, including those who are psychopathic, cannot be answered unless groups presenting with typical concurrent disorders (paraphilias, substance abuse, dependence) are discussed. It is argued that, although the evidence is still preliminary, there is reason for optimism with reference to whether psychopathic sexual offenders are responsive to treatment, including offenders presenting with concurrent disorders.
Protective Effects of Cilostazol against Transient Focal Cerebral ischemia and Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Injury

Cilostazol increases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels by inhibiting type III phosphodiesterase. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of intermittent claudication. Its principal actions include inhibition of platelet aggregation, antithrombotic action in cerebral ischemia, and vasodilation, mediated by increased cyclic AMP levels. In a multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical trial, cilostazol has been shown to protect patients from recurrent cerebral infarction. It has been recently suggested that cilastozol could be useful in the treatment of transient focal cerebral ischemic injury. Beneficial effects of cilostazol in cerebral ischemic infarction and edema formation has been confirmed in rats by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The preventive effect was ascribed to cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA)‐coupled maxi‐K channel activation with additional antioxidant and poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]‐ribose) polymerase inhibitory actions. Most recently, cilostazol has been shown to prevent vacuolation and rarefaction in the white matter of the rats subjected to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in association with suppression of astrocyte and microglial activation. Taken together, recent experimental studies with cilostazol showed promising results in cerebral ischemia and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
Selective downregulation of retinoic acid‐inducible gene I within the intestinal epithelial compartment in crohn's disease

Background: A defective innate immune response may contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Employing a global gene expression analysis, this study was aimed at identifying specifically regulated genes within the epithelial compartment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: The epithelial fraction of human ileal mucosa samples from surgical specimens was obtained by laser microdissection. Gene expression was examined by global expression profiling (n = 18, Affymetrix), quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) (n = 35), immunoblot analysis (n = 9), and immunohistochemistry (n = 25). Results: Global expression profiling revealed a pronounced downregulation of the retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I) within the epithelial layer of the ileum in patients with CD but not with UC. The downregulation of RIG‐I was confirmed by quantitative RT‐PCR, immunoblot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Conclusions: Epithelial downregulation of RIG‐I, a known pattern recognition receptor for viral components, might contribute to alterations of the innate mucosal immune response, particularly in CD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;)
Mucosal adjuvant activity of cholera toxin requires Th17 cells and protects against inhalation anthrax

Cholera toxin (CT) elicits a mucosal immune response in mice when used as a vaccine adjuvant. The mechanisms by which CT exerts its adjuvant effects are incompletely understood. We show that protection against inhalation anthrax by an irradiated spore vaccine depends on CT-mediated induction of IL-17-producing CD4 Th17 cells. Furthermore, IL-17 is involved in the induction of serum and mucosal antibody responses by CT. Th17 cells induced by CT have a unique cytokine profile compared with those induced by IL-6 and TGF-β, and their induction by CT requires cAMP-dependent secretion of IL-1β and β-calcitonin gene-related peptide by dendritic cells. These findings demonstrate that Th17 cells mediate mucosal adjuvant effects of CT and identify previously unexplored pathways involved in Th17 induction that could be targeted for development of unique mucosal adjuvants.
Predicting peri-procedural myocardial infarction during PCI

In about 30% of patients undergoing coronary revascularisation by planned percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the procedure itself results in periprocedural myocardial necrosis.1 This form of PCI-related myocardial injury, which is often clinically silent, can be detected as an increase in serum cardiac enzymes above the 99th centile upper reference limit.2 Periprocedural myocardial necrosis following PCI, as measured by raised levels of serum troponin, has been shown to be associated with higher major adverse cardiac events (MACE), with a twofold and threefold increased risk of overall death and subsequent myocardial infarction, respectively.3 MACE are further amplified in the 15% of patients who experience periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) during the PCI procedure (termed type 4a myocardial infarction and defined as an elevation of cardiac biomarkers more than three times the 99th centile upper reference limit). 2 The cause of PMI during PCI is multifactorial and includes distal coronary artery embolisation, side-branch occlusion, coronary dissection, occlusion of collaterals and epicardial or microvascular spasm (see figure 1). 1 PMI following PCI can be visualised using cardiac MRI as discrete areas of late gadolinium enhancement, the extent of which correlates with the increase in serum cardiac enzymes.4 A wide variety of factors confer greater susceptibility to PMI during PCI. …
A factor-analytic study of hypnotizability and related personal experiences.

Abstract To throw further light on the exclusivity of “primary suggeatibility” as reported by other investigators, a factor Analysis was performed in a sample of 102 female college students on the basia of the intercorrelations of 23 items of personal experiences earlier shown to be related to hypnotizability, and 19 item from two hypnosis scales. No simple factor structure emerged. Two factors were interpreted: the first as a hypnotic factor with special emphasis on the capability to sustain the effect of suggestion over time, and the second as a combination of psychological changeableness and social influencibility. A brief discussion was given of the composite picture of hypnotic susceptibility emerging from the fact that many hypnotic items loaded on both factors.
Effects of Apple Consumption on Lipid Profile of Hyperlipidemic and Overweight Men

Objectives: Fruits and vegetables may be beneficial on lipid profile of hyperlipidemic subjects. The present study was aimed to verify the effect of golden delicious apple on Lipid Profile in hyperlipidemic and overweight men. Methods: Forty six hyperlipidemic and overweight men were randomly divided into two groups. Intervention group received 300g golden delicious apple per day for 8 weeks. Control group had the regular dietary regimen for the same period of time. Blood samples were analyzed for serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), lipoprotein a (Lp a) and LDL/HDL ratio at baseline and after intervention. Results: Total polyphenols and fibers were 485 mg/kg and 4.03 g/100g in fresh apple respectively. After 8 weeks, significant statistical differences were observed considering the TG and VLDL levels between two groups, but no significant differences were observed regarding TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo (B), Lp (a) and LDL/HDL ratio. Conclusions: Consumption of Golden delicious apple may be increased serum TG and VLDL in hyperlipidemic and overweight men. We need more studies to assay the effect of apple consumption on serum TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo (B), Lp (a) and LDL/HDL ratio.
British outpatient norms for the Brief Symptom Inventory.

BACKGROUND The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) is a popular measure of psychopathology frequently used as an outcome measure, but clinicians and researchers have had to rely on normative data based on US samples which may not be appropriate for the British population. OBJECTIVES The aim was to develop culturally relevant outpatient norms for the BSI that would reflect hypothesized differences between US and UK population in responding to items on the BSI. METHOD BSI and demographic data were collected for 378 patients referred to clinical psychology services in the Midlands, England, during routine practice. RESULTS Significantly higher rates of psychopathology were reported by the UK sample than for the normative group reported in the US. CONCLUSION Outpatient normative data for British participants are presented. The study examines the impact of occupational status, age and gender differences on the level of reported distress.
Deadwood Decay in a Burnt Mediterranean Pine Reforestation

Dead wood remaining after wildfires represents a biological legacy for forest regeneration, and its decay is both cause and consequence of a large set of ecological processes. However, the rate of wood decomposition after fires is still poorly understood, particularly for Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed deadwood decomposition following a wildfire in a Mediterranean pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada Natural and National Park (southeast Spain). Three plots were established over an elevational/species gradient spanning from 1477 to 2053 m above sea level, in which burnt logs of three species of pines were experimentally laid out and wood densities were estimated five times over ten years. The logs lost an overall 23% of their density, although this value ranged from an average 11% at the highest-elevation plot (dominated by Pinus sylvestris) to 32% at an intermediate elevation (with P. nigra). Contrary to studies in other climates, large-diameter logs decomposed faster than small-diameter logs. Our results provide one of the longest time series for wood decomposition in Mediterranean ecosystems and suggest that this process provides spatial variability in the post-fire ecosystem at the scale of stands due to variable speeds of decay. Common management practices such as salvage logging diminish burnt wood and influence the rich ecological processes related to its decay.