Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of Epstein-Barr virus with oral cancers.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) persists in the epithelial cells of oral mucosa and often replicates on them. EBV is known to be a causative agent of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We suspect that EBV may be associated with oral cancers, and thus examined EBV expression on 28 tongues and 9 other oral cancers. We also examined 6 metastatic lesions in the lymph nodes. All cancers were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We used mRNA in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence staining, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mRNA in situ hybridization using a probe comprising the transcripts of the BamHIW fragment of the EBV genome demonstrated EBV mRNA in the majority of tumor cells in all cases of oral cancer, but in none of the normal tissues. RNA in situ hybridization using an EBER1 probe detected RNAs in 16 out of 24 cancers. Also, mRNA in situ hybridization using a probe of the EBV-determined nuclear antigen-2 (EBNA2) region detected positive signals in 9 out of 12 cancers. Furthermore, EBNA2, latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) and BZLF1 were detected in these cancers by immunofluorescence staining, but were not detected in any of the epithelial cells of the normal tissues. Four out of 6 metastatic tissues showed stronger fluorescence than that in the primary tissues. RT-PCR analysis also showed EBER1 expression in 1 of the 3 tongue cancers. PCR detected the BamHIW sequence of EBV DNA in all cases, including the normal tissues tested. These findings indicate that EBV may be involved in neoplastic transformation in oral cancers, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Migraine and Ischaemic Vascular Events

An association between migraine and ischaemic vascular events, particularly ischaemic stroke, has been debated for many years. The pathophysiology of migraine has been explored in detail, and it is known that a dysfunction of brain cells and arteries is a major component of this disorder. The involvement of cerebral arteries during the migraine attack as well as the high prevalence of migraine among young individuals with ischaemic stroke has led to the hypothesis that migraine may be a risk factor for ischaemic stroke. Furthermore, there is evidence that the vascular nature of migraine is not limited to meningeal blood vessels and that migraine and overall cardiovascular disease may share aetiological pathways. The aim of this review is to summarize the epidemiological evidence that links migraine with ischaemic stroke and ischaemic heart disease and to discuss potential biological mechanisms.
Interindustry Differences In The Relation Between Compensation And Firm Performance Variables

In this study I document interindustry differences in the relation between CEO compensation and accounting-based firm performance variables under the assumption that firms in the same industry face similar production environments. If CEO compensation is related to firm performance because the latter reflects executive performance,' differences in production environment should cause interfirm differences in the relation between CEO compensation and accounting-based firm performance. I focus on this relation because one objective of accounting-the stewardship objective-is to provide information useful in evaluating managers. I examine four kinds of variables which reflect executive performance, taken from discussions by Standard & Poor's industry analysts: stock returns, accounting returns, sales revenue, and net interest income. These variables are examined for banks, electric utilities, oil and gas firms, and retail groceries between 1978 and 1982. The analysis examines both the explicit contracts made public by firms and the implicit statistical relation between compensation and firm performance.
Snow cover in Hawai‘i (1893–1953) and its effect on ground temperature

ABSTRACT Snow occasionally falls on the highest mountains of tropical Hawaiʻi: Maunakea, Maunaloa, Haleakalā, and Hualālai. We digitized and analyzed monthly Weather Bureau records of snow in Hawaiʻi from 1893 to 1972. In the half-century 1901–1950, Maunakea had an estimated average of one month of snow cover per year. Snow was especially abundant from 1922 to 1940, but was relatively rare from 1908 to 1921. Snow cover may play a role in the formation and preservation of permafrost. MODIS satellite data are used to measure the albedo of the snow surface as a function of its age. Following winters with snow, the ground temperature at 1 m depth is lower than after a winter without significant snow cover, and hence snow cover favors permafrost conditions.
Cognition and type 2 diabetes : the interplay of risk factors

Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for dementia. Over a period of twelve years, a more rapid decline in cognitive function was found in people suffering from diabetes compared to people who did not suffer from this disease. It was shown, among other things, that cognitive impairment in people suffering from diabetes was associated with high blood pressure as well as low blood pressure. In elderly women, larger amounts of fat and muscle tissue were found to be associated with a lower risk of developing dementia. In men, only larger amounts of muscle tissue were found to be associated with a lower risk of developing dementia. These findings could lead to new ways to delay or prevent dementia. Furthermore, it was shown that an impaired understanding of words was associated with the presence of cardiovascular disease, neuralgia and lower levels of physical fitness. Therefore, doctors should be aware of the level of education reached by their diabetes patients.
Mak Nyahs and Sex Reassignment Surgery – A Qualitative Study from Pahang, Malaysia

Introduction: Mak nyahs are locally known male-to-female transgenders in Malaysia. In Western countries, medicalization of transgenderism allows strictly selected patients to undergo sex reassignment surgery. However, a standardized treatment system is not yet available in Malaysia. A number of mak nyahs underwent sex reassignment surgery at their own will. This study aimed to explore mak nyahs’ knowledge and perception on sex reassignment surgery. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research was carried out from 13th July 2016 till 31st August 2016 among 8 adult mak nyahs in Kuantan, Pahang. Snowball sampling was used. Participants who gave verbal consent were interviewed individually and in focus groups. Data obtained was transcribed and used as the primary data source. Results: All informants were Malays and Muslims. They generally had some knowledge about the standard procedures and risks in sex reassignment surgery. All informants expressed their desire to have the surgery, but chose not to. Reasons discouraging them from having the surgery were: i) religion, ii) forbiddance from family, iii) fear of regret, iv) death from surgery, and v) the lack of necessity. Factors driving them to have the surgery: i) more income from sex work, ii) pressure from sex clients, iii) securing a stable relationship, iv) self-satisfaction, and v) hope for a better future. Conclusion: Religion seemed to be the main reason refraining them from undertaking the surgery. Counselling mak nyahs should include the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reassignment surgery. Islamic religious preaching is very important to help reduce high risk behaviours, as well as teaching mak nyahs to cope with challenges in adult life. Further research is necessary to show association between religious knowledge and successful rehabilitation of the mak nyahs’ community.
Effects of hydroxyurea treatment for patients with hemoglobin SC disease

Although hemoglobin SC (HbSC) disease is usually considered less severe than sickle cell anemia (SCA), which includes HbSS and HbS/β0‐thalassemia genotypes, many patients with HbSC experience severe disease complications, including vaso‐occlusive pain, acute chest syndrome, avascular necrosis, retinopathy, and poor quality of life. Fully 20 years after the clinical and laboratory efficacy of hydroxyurea was proven in adult SCA patients, the safety and utility of hydroxyurea treatment for HbSC patients remain unclear. Recent NHLBI evidence‐based guidelines highlight this as a critical knowledge gap, noting HbSC accounts for ∼30% of sickle cell patients within the United States. To date, only 5 publications have reported short‐term, incomplete, or conflicting laboratory and clinical outcomes of hydroxyurea treatment in a total of 71 adults and children with HbSC. We now report on a cohort of 133 adult and pediatric HbSC patients who received hydroxyurea, typically for recurrent vaso‐occlusive pain. Hydroxyurea treatment was associated with a stable hemoglobin concentration; increased fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV); and reduced white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and absolute reticulocyte count (ARC). Reversible cytopenias occurred in 22% of patients, primarily neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Painful events were reduced with hydroxyurea, more in patients >15 years old. These multicenter data support the safety and potentially salutary effects of hydroxyurea treatment for HbSC disease; however, a multicenter, placebo‐controlled, Phase 3 clinical trial is needed to determine if hydroxyurea therapy has efficacy for patients with HbSC disease. Am. J. Hematol. 91:238–242, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Locusts use a composite of resilin and hard cuticle as an energy store for jumping and kicking

SUMMARY Locusts jump and kick by using a catapult mechanism in which energy is first stored and then rapidly released to extend the large hind legs. The power is produced by a slow contraction of large muscles in the hind femora that bend paired semi-lunar processes in the distal part of each femur and store half the energy needed for a kick. We now show that these energy storage devices are composites of hard cuticle and the rubber-like protein resilin. The inside surface of a semi-lunar process consists of a layer of resilin, particularly thick along an inwardly pointing ridge and tightly bonded to the external, black cuticle. From the outside, resilin is visible only as a distal and ventral triangular area that tapers proximally. High-speed imaging showed that the semi-lunar processes were bent in all three dimensions during the prolonged muscular contractions that precede a kick. To reproduce these bending movements, the extensor tibiae muscle was stimulated electrically in a pattern that mimicked the normal sequence of its fast motor spikes recorded in natural kicking. Externally visible resilin was compressed and wrinkled as a semi-lunar process was bent. It then sprung back to restore the semi-lunar process rapidly to its original natural shape. Each of the five nymphal stages jumped and kicked and had a similar distribution of resilin in their semi-lunar processes as adults; the resilin was shed with the cuticle at each moult. It is suggested that composite storage devices that combine the elastic properties of resilin with the stiffness of hard cuticle allow energy to be stored by bending hard cuticle over only a small distance and without fracturing. In this way all the stored energy is returned and the natural shape of the femur is restored rapidly so that a jump or kick can be repeated.
Methylmercury Cycling at the Aquatic-terrestrial Interface in a High Arctic Freshwater Continuum

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a global toxin which bioaccumulates and biomagnifies through food webs. To discern how MeHg enters Arctic food webs, it is important to understand spatial and seasonal cycling of MeHg at the terrestrial-aquatic interface, processes which are sensitive to climate change. This research determined hotspots of MeHg production and degradation in a High Arctic freshwater continuum, and how these processes varied between ice-on and ice-off conditions. Different compartments of the Skeleton Continuum of Lake Hazen, Nunavut were sampled to capture variation in MeHg production and degradation. Examining interconnectedness of the landscape revealed that production hotspots occur in multiple compartments (lake/pond sediments, pore water), yet downstream degradation hotspots and storage (lake water, wetland soils) prevent MeHg from entering the downstream system. Additionally, high MeHg concentrations found in the springtime (water column, snow) solidify the theory that spring freshet is an important source of MeHg to freshwater systems.
Radionuclide studies in the evaluation of urinary tract infections.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring in children presenting with culture proven urinary tract infections (UTI). DESIGN Descriptive study. SETTING Tertiary care hospital-based study. SUBJECTS Thirty-two children with proven UTI were evaluated by means of an abdominal ultrasonogram (USG), Technetium-99m Dimercapto Succinic Acid (DMSA) scan and Direct Radionuclide Cystography (DRCG). A micturating cystourethrogram (MCU) was performed to rule out any structural abnormality and to grade VUR. RESULTS A total of 64 renal units in 32 children were evaluated. DMSA scan showed scarring in 27 renal units (42.2%) in 16 patients. Bilateral renal scarring was more common in older (> 2 yr) children as compared to younger ones (89% Vs 43%; p < 0.05). USG detected abnormalities in 13 renal units (20.3%) in 7 cases. VUR was detected in 37.5% of children of all age group by DRCG. In contrast, MCU showed evidence of VUR in only 13/20 renal units with a sensitivity of 65% as compared to DRCG and did not pick up any additional VUR that could have been missed on the DRCG. Only 3/9 in < 2 yr, in contrast to 10/11 in > 2 yr were positive for VUR on MCU (p < 0.05). However, MCU detected evidence of cystitis in 3 children and a bladder diverticulum in one patient. CONCLUSION Wherever available, DMSA scan should be considered as a part of the first line investigations in any patient presenting with UTI. DRCG can also be performed in the same sitting to screen for the presence of reflux particularly for girls.
Self-Efficacy and Exercise Participation in Sedentary Adult Females

Background. This study examined the importance of selected psychosocial and biometric variables in the prediction of exercise behavior in sedentary adult females. Specifically, the relationships among exercise behavior and instructor influence, self-efficacy cognitions, self-motivation, and body composition and their ability to predict exercise participation were evaluated. Methods. Fifty-eight females volunteered to participate in an eight-week aerobic exercise program. Biometric and psychosocial variables were assessed prior to and following the program. Attendance data and activity logs provided participation data. Subjects were also contacted three months after program termination to assess their activity patterns at that time. Results. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated that subjects categorized as high or low in either program or overall exercise participation differed significantly on body weight, efficacy cognitions, and post-program perceptions. Multiple regression analyses indicated that instructor influence (R2 = .116) and self-efficacy cognitions (R2 = .093) contributed to the variance in subjects' program attendance. However, only self-efficacy was a significant predictor of overall exercise levels (R2 = .125). Correlational analyses revealed a modest but significant difference between self-efficacy and regularity of exercise (r = . 28) and duration of activity (r = . 32) at follow-up. Discussion. The findings are discussed in relation to the role that efficacy might play in exercise behavior.
Influence of management practices on organizational performance : A case of compassion international in Imenti North District, Meru county

There is growing realization that knowledge sharing is critical to performance achievement. To ensure that knowledge is shared among the employees of an organization, various management practices are applied. However the impact of the management practices enhancing knowledge sharing on organizational performance has not yet been established in Compassion International. This study sought to examine the relationship between management practices and organizational performance in Compassion International. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of management practices on organizational performance, a case of Compassion International in Imenti North District, Meru County. The study used descriptive research design. The target population for this study was the project staff, part time staff and church partnership committee of the nine projects in Imenti North with the target population being 145. Cluster sampling and random sampling enabled the researcher to sample 88 of the 145 respondents. This study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected by use of three sets of questionnaires, with each category of respondents having its questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. The study found job design, teamwork, participatory decision making and organizational communication to have a positive relationship to organizational performance in Compassion International. The practices were found to complement each other with the teamwork being the core management practice. Overall, job design had the least effect on the organizational performance in Compassion International, followed by participatory decision, then team w ^ while organizational communication had the least effect to the organizational performance in Compassion International. The study conclude that the success of Compassion International could be attributed to the careful selection of the management practices which enabled ,{he transfer of knowledge enhancing learning and the alignment of the strategies to meet the organizational goal.
Use of Ascorbate-Rich Dialysate to Attenuate Oxidative Stress in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Oxidative stress exists in uremic milieu, particularly in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and accounts for certain long-term complications. Yet little is known about whether supplementation of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, or vitC) via extracorporeal circuit has substantial effects on minifying oxidative impairment. Subjects and Methods: The entire experiment consisted of three sections: 1) Practicing ascorbate dialysate among 8 MHD patients in a single dialysis session, compared with a conventional hemodialysis session and another one with intravenous injection of vitC. In each session, oxidative stress markers—namely, plasma total ascorbic acid (TAA), ratio of dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) to TAA (DHAA/TAA), vitamin E (vitE), and malondialdehyde (MDA)—in both plasma and erythrocytes were measured. 2) A relatively long-term application of ascorbate dialysate in 12 of 23 MHD patients, who were randomly allocated to experimental group (n = 12), and control group (n = 11). Oxidative stress markers and main hematological and biochemical indices were determined at the beginning and end of the period. 3) Application of ascorbate dialysate in 10 MHD patients with intravenous iron treatment, performed in similar procedures as section 1. In addition to determining the aforementioned oxidative stress markers, area under the curve (AUC0–180 min) of ratio of plasma MDA to cholesterol (MDA:Cho) was calculated to evaluate the extent of lipoperoxidation. Results: 1) Plasma TAA gradually decreased during dialysis, whereas a mild increase appeared in MDA. A protruding TAA concentration peak, as well as an extreme DHAA/TAA reduction, followed the injection of vitC, but soon a precipitous fall in DHAA/TAA ensued. Stable plasma TAA and slightly raised vitE were observed when applying ascorbate dialysate. 2) Plasma TAA augmented (27.4 ± 13.3 vs. 16.8 ± 9.5 mg/dL, P < .05) and plasma low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) became two-thirds of baseline data (32.6 ± 25.2 vs. 83.8 ± 56.5 µmol/L, P < .05) in the experimental group, whereas oxLDL in the control group reduced quantitatively but not significantly in statistics. (3) As iron sucrose was infused, the decline of TAA and ascending of MDA would be abated not only by intravenous drop of vitC, but also by ascorbate dialysate; however, TAA or MDA curve manifested totally distinguished in the two modalities. AUC0–180 min in ascorbate dialysate group was significantly less than that in control group (400.25 ± 28.54 vs. 487.25 ± 109.82). Conclusion: Plasma ascorbic acid diminished a great deal during hemodialysis, and at the same time oxidative stress formed and intensified, which will be exacerbated by a remedy of frequent intravenous iron. Ascorbate supplementation, by means of either infusion or extracorporeal circuit, can lessen the loss and therefore attenuate oxidative stress. The latter pattern takes the advantage of retaining the approximate internal balance instead of exquisite change in vivo due to administration of intravenous vitC.
Electromyography of the Quadriceps in Patellofemoral Pain with Patellar Subluxation

This study compared muscle activity and timing of gait phases during functional activities in 13 subjects with patellofemoral pain associated with lateral subluxation and in 11 subjects with healthy knees. Fine wire electromyography recorded activity in the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis oblique during walking and ascending and descending stairs. Subjects were filmed to divide the activities into phases and determine timing. The vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis had similar patterns during all activities. Subjects with patellofemoral pain had significantly increased activity in the vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis compared with the healthy subjects during the most demanding phases of the gait cycle, suggesting a generalized quadriceps weakness in the patients with patellofemoral pain. Timing differences were seen in walking and stair ascending with the subjects with patellofemoral pain spending significantly more time in stance compared with the healthy subjects. This may be an attempt to reduce the load on weak quadriceps. These data reflect a generalized quadriceps muscle weakness, rather than the prevailing theory of quadriceps muscle imbalance as an etiology of patellofemoral pain. Therefore, we support the practice of strengthening the entire quadriceps muscle group, rather than attempting to specifically target the vastus medialis oblique.
Seen and Heard

Based on a survey of youth offending team staff, this report says courts are failing to recognise the needs of those with learning disabilities or prevent discrimination. A quarter of young offenders have an IQ of less than 70 and a similar proportion have special educational needs. The report warns that many young offenders may not be receiving a fair trial in accordance with the European Convention on Human Rights, as their learning difficulties make it hard for them to understand the legal process.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO TECHNICAL ANALYSIS TOOLS: MOVING AVERAGE CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE V/S RELATIVE STRENGTH INDEX: A CASE STUDY OF HDFC BANK LTD LISTED IN NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE OF INDIA (NSE)

Technical analysis is the forecasting of future price movement based on an examination of past prices. Some scientist found that the study of historical prices cannot predict future prices. In this research we intend to study which technical analysis tool is better for prediction of future price movement, for this purpose we are studying two the most strongest technical analysis tools is called as Moving Average Convergence and Divergence (MACD) and Relative Strength Index (RSI). To study we are introducing one formula to determine one index for comparing two technical analysis tools. Generally for buy, hold and sell signal MACD is better than RSI, but we cannot skip the important role of RSI in overbought and oversold signals and simply we can diagnose the price whether is it undervalued or overvalued or with suitable value.