Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Xenobiotica the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems

1. Osthole, a coumarin compound from plants, is a promising agent for the treatment of metabolic diseases, including hyperglycemia, fatty liver, and cancers. Studies indicate that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α and γ are involved in the pharmacological effects of osthole. The in vitro and in vivo metabolism of osthole, and its biological activity are not completely understood. 2. In this study, UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS-based metabolomics was used to determine the metabolic pathway of osthole and its influence on the levels of endogenous metabolites. Forty-one osthole metabolites, including twenty-three novel metabolites, were identified and structurally elucidated from its metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant cytochrome P450s (CYPs) screening showed that CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were the primary enzymes contributing to osthole metabolism. 3. More importantly, osthole was able to decrease the levels of lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine in the plasma, which explains in part its modulatory effects on metabolic diseases. 4. This study gives the insights about the metabolic pathways of osthole in vivo, including hydroxylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation. Furthermore, the levels of the lipids regulated by osthole indicated its potential effects on adipogenesis. These data contribute to the understanding of the disposition and pharmacological activity of osthole in vivo.
Term limits at the local government level: evidence from a natural experiment

This paper analyzes the effects of the introduction of term limits at the local government level, using the Portuguese case as a natural experiment. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find evidence that term limits and incumbency experience matter for fiscal policy choices. Experienced reelection-eligible mayors spend more and are more opportunistic than term-limited and firstor second-term mayors. However, when examining the behavior of different types of term-limited mayors, the results suggest that opportunism may not decrease in municipalities whose term-limited mayors resign before the end of their terms and are replaced by their (eligible) vice-mayors. JEL: D7, H7, K1
Author ’ s Accepted Manuscript Prognostic Value of Ventricular Wall Motion Score and GRACE Score in Acute Mocardial Infarction Patients

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic values of ventricular wall motion score (WMS) and global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) score in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a 12-month single center prospective cohort. Methods: Consecutive inpatients diagnosed with AMI in the department of cardiology of the second affiliated hospital of Soochow University from September 2012 through March 2015 were enrolled in this study. Echocardiography was issued to all subjects to calculate WMS within 24 hours after admission, and GRACE score of each patient was obtained simultaneously. During a 12-month follow-up period, all major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were recorded. Results: After 12 months of observation period, 124 out of 635 AMI patients developed MACE. The WMS (23.70±3.80 vs 20.47±3.25) and GRACE score (185.59±45.16 vs 152.19±36.51) were significantly higher in patients with MACE than those without MACE (P<0.05). Survival analysis using Cox regression revealed that both WMS (95%CI: 1.082~1.184, P<0.05) and GRACE score (95%CI: 1.010 ~1.021, P<0.05) independently predicted MACE. The receiver operator curve (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of WMS, GRACE score and the combination of WMS and GRACE score were 0.768 (P<0.05), 0.718 (P<0.05) and 0.812 (P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion: WMS and GRACE score were independent predictors of MACE in patients with AMI in 12-month follow up, and the combined application of WMS and GRACE score can significantly improve the predictive value.
Host-Country Related Risk Factors in International Construction: Meta-Analysis

Insaat firmalarinda uluslararasilasma kuresel rekabeti iceren onemli bir stratejik karardir. Kuresellesmeye bagli olarak, insaat sektoru de dahil omak uzere tum sektorler yuksek rekabet, belirsizlik ve risklerle karsi karsiya kalmislardir. Uluslararasi insaat sektoru yerel insaat sektoru ile benzer riskler icermesinin yani sira, projenin gerceklestirildigi ulkeye ozgu riskleri de icermektedir. Bu riskler uluslararasi projelerin performanslari uzerinde buyuk etkiye sahiptir. Uluslararasi yuklenicilerin surdurulebilir rekabet avantaji saglamalari buyuk olcude bu risklerin dogru bir sekilde yonetilmesine bagli oldugu icin, bu risklerin degerlendirilmeleri firmalarin basarisi icin hayati bir onem tasimaktadir. Bu calismanin ana amaci; uluslararasi insaat sektoru kapsaminda proje gerceklestirilmek uzere gidilen ulkenin kendine ozgu risklerinin analiz edilmesidir. Bu riskler kapsamli bir literatur taramasi sonucunda belirlenmis va kategorize edilmistir. Bu amacla, yapim yonetimi literaturunun en saygin dort dergisinde 2000-2010 yillari arasinda konu ile ilgili yayinlanmis makaleler taranmistir. Bu dort sureli yayin sirasiyla; Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Journal of Management in Engineering, Construction Management and Economics ve International Journal of Project Management adli dergilerdir. Ulkeye ozgu risklerin dogru bir sekilde degerlendirilmesinin uluslararasi yuklenicilerin karliligi uzerindeki etkilerinin taranan makalelerde vugulanan ortak noktadir. Bu nedenle, bu calisma kapsaminda uluslararasi insaat risk degerlendirme modelleri de incelemistir. Sonuc olarak, literatur taramasi isiginda belirlenen proje gerceklestirilmek uzere gidilen ulkeye ozgu 18 risk faktoru arasindan sirasiyla; politik stabilite, hukuk ve kanunlar, doviz kuru riski, kulturel farkliliklar, enflasyon, kamusallastirma, farkli vergi odemeleri, dil farkliligi, rusvet ve yolsuzluk, mucbir sebepler ve sosyal karisikliklarin en onemli risk kriterleri oldugu belirlenmistir. Bu calisma sonucunda elde edilen veriler daha sonra uluslararasi insaat projeleri icin gelistirilecek olan risk degerlendirme modellerinde kullanilabilir.
Penile Size in Term Infants Term Yenidoğanların Penis Ölçüleri

1 Nazile Ertürk1, Alkım Öden Akman2, Necip Ömer Kandemir3 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, 2Department of Pediatrics, Ankara Child Diseases Hematology and Oncology Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Maternity Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Penile Length of Turkish Newborns Penile Size in Term Infants
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Background: Misallocation of variance means that experimental effects do not only occur on the original event related potential (ERP) component, which should normally represent the respective experimental effect. Simulation studies have shown that misallocation of variance occurs when principal component analysis with subsequent Varimax-rotation is performed. Previous research has also shown that the amount of misallocation of variance substantially depends on component rotation. New method: Accordingly, in this study component rotation has been conducted in a way that allows for a minimization of misallocation of variance. It is proposed to generate dummy variables representing the relevant effects and to generate a loading matrix from the covariances of the dummy variables and of the ERP waves with the components. In the next step, a target matrix for partial Procrustes-rotation is generated by means of specifying the target loadings of the dummy variables on the intended components according to theoretical expectations. Results: The elimination of the misallocation of variance effect is shown in a simulation study. Comparison with Existing Method(s): Substantial misallocation of variance occurred for PCA with subsequent Varimax-rotation in the simulation study, but no misallocation of variance occurred with the new method. An empirical example showed how to improve the parietal topography of the late P3 by means of the new method. Conclusions: The study shows clearly that misallocation of variance is not due to PCA, but to component rotation. The new method of component rotation can be used in order to minimize misallocation of
Parental background, secondary school track choice, and wages

The way parents take influence on the education of their children is a crucial aspect of intergenerational mobility. Unlike in the UK or in the US, in Germany an important decision about which educational track to follow is made at a relatively early stage: after primary school, at the age of ten. In this paper, we use micro data to analyse the association between parents' education and profession, and secondary track school choice and subsequent career prospects of the child. Our analysis covers the last six decades. We demonstrate that parental background is strongly related to the secondary track choice of the child, and subsequent educational achievements. We find a slight convergence for individuals from different parental background over the last decades. We also find a positive trend for females to follow higher secondary school tracks, keeping parental background constant. The association between parental class and educational choice translates into substantial earnings differentials later in life.
Hunting Gravitational Waves with Multi-Messenger Counterparts: Australia’s Role

Abstract The first observations by a worldwide network of advanced interferometric gravitational wave detectors offer a unique opportunity for the astronomical community. At design sensitivity, these facilities will be able to detect coalescing binary neutron stars to distances approaching 400 Mpc, and neutron star–black hole systems to 1 Gpc. Both of these sources are associated with gamma-ray bursts which are known to emit across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Gravitational wave detections provide the opportunity for ‘multi-messenger’ observations, combining gravitational wave with electromagnetic, cosmic ray, or neutrino observations. This review provides an overview of how Australian astronomical facilities and collaborations with the gravitational wave community can contribute to this new era of discovery, via contemporaneous follow-up observations from the radio to the optical and high energy. We discuss some of the frontier discoveries that will be made possible when this new window to the Universe is opened.
THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN ECONOMETRIC MODELS

The paper reviews the econometric models used in the past 10 years to analyse the most widely used agricultural policy instruments. The main aim of the paper is to provide the reader with an overview of these models, analysing the technical solutions adopted, the type of results that can be obtained, as well as their potential for simulation exercises. The conclusion reached is that the contribution of econometric models to the analysis of the CAP has been significant, especially from the point of view of modelling the main policy instruments according to their theoretical impact on farmers' behaviour. However, many problems have still to be overcome. For this reason, in the concluding section, the paper tries to identify a number of priorities for further research.
CONTROL SYSTEM USING FACE IMAGE

Ensuring safety requires the use of access control systems. Traditional systems typically use proximity cards. Modern systems use biometrics to identify the user. Use of biological characteristics to identify ensures a high degree of safety. In addition, the biological characteristics can neither be lost or stolen. This paper presents proposals for the access control system using the face image. The system operates in real timeusing the camera image.
Kelvin waves and ozone Kelvin waves in the quasi‐biennial oscillation and semiannual oscillation: A simulation by a high‐resolution chemistry‐coupled general circulation model

[1] Equatorial Kelvin waves and ozone Kelvin waves were simulated by a T63L250 chemistry-coupled general circulation model with a high vertical resolution (300 m). The model produces a realistic quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and a semiannual oscillation (SAO) in the equatorial stratosphere. The QBO has a period slightly longer than 2 years, and the SAO shows rapid reversals from westerly to easterly regimes and gradual descents of westerlies. Results for the zonal wave number 1 slow and fast Kelvin waves are discussed. Structure of the waves and phase relationships between temperature and ozone perturbations coincide well with satellite observations made by LIMS, CLAES, and MLS. They are generally in phase (antiphase) in the lower (upper) stratosphere as theoretically expected. The fast Kelvin waves in the temperature and ozone are dominant in the upper stratosphere because the slow Kelvin waves are effectively filtered by the QBO westerly. In this simulation, the fast Kelvin waves encounter their critical levels in the upper stratosphere when zonal asymmetry of the SAO westerly is enhanced by an intrusion of the extratropical planetary waves. In addition to the critical level filtering effect, modulations of wave properties by background winds are evident near easterly and westerly shears associated with the QBO and SAO. Enhancement of wave amplitude in the QBO westerly shear is well coincident with radiosonde observations. Increase/decrease of vertical wavelength in the QBO easterly/westerly is obvious in this simulation, which is consistent with the linear wave theory. Shortening of wave period due to the descending QBO westerly shear zone is demonstrated for the first time. Moreover, dominant periods during the QBO westerly phase are longer than those during the QBO easterly phase for both the slow and fast Kelvin waves.
Development and Validation of an Instrument to Predict Functional Recovery in Tibial Fracture Patients : The Somatic PreOccupation and Coping ( SPOC ) Questionnaire The SPRINT Investigators & the Medically Unexplained Syndromes Study Group

Methods: We developed and validated an instrument designed to capture the impact of patients’ beliefs on functional recovery from injury: the Somatic Pre-Occupation and Coping (SPOC) questionnaire. At 6-weeks postsurgical fixation, we administered the SPOC questionnaire to 359 consecutive patients with operatively managed tibial shaft fractures. We constructed multivariable regression models to explore the association between SPOC scores and functional outcome at 1 year as measured by return to work and Short Form-36 (SF-36) physical component summary and mental component summary scores.
Developing an Effective Repatriation Strategy for MNC: A Model and Tools for International Human Resource Management

With the increasing movement of employees across national boundaries comes a stronger focus on the needs of repatriates of multinational corporations. These workers have needs that are often unrecognized. In particular, they may suffer similar emotional dislocation to those working as expatriates. However, many companies fail to recognise or accommodate these concerns in their policies or practices. This paper proposes a model for developing an effective repatriation support process. It includes the four elements of policy development, construction of a repatriation agreement, the provision of repatriation programs, and the evaluation of the success of these strategies. The model is supported through the provision of a set of tools that may help guide those working in repatriation services.
A Framework for the Facilitation of Teachers’ Analysis of Video

Video is being used more widely in professional development to help teachers learn to notice and systematically analyze teaching practice. Video captures the authenticity and complexity of teaching and can promote the examination of classroom interactions in a deliberate and focused way. However, simply viewing video does not ensure teacher learning. An important question concerns how to facilitate substantive analysis of teaching practice with video so that it becomes a productive learning tool for teachers. In this study, we examine the in-the-moment moves facilitators make in two different video-based professional development programs to offer a framework for facilitation with video. We then examine patterns in facilitation across both contexts and identify practices that are unique to the goals of each setting. The findings from this study have implications for the design of video-based professional development and for developing a knowledge base for professional education.
Soil nanotoxicology: effect assessment using biomarkers and gene analysis

Nanomaterials are widely used nowadays. Current applications include electronics, consumer products (e.g. cosmetics), medicine, environmental remediation and catalysts. Despite the increased use of nanomaterials, and consequent disposal in the environment, their behavior and effects are largely unknown. The current available information is mainly focused on the effetc on human health. Comparatively, little work has been done on ecological systems, especially in the assesment of the environmental risk to terrestrial ecossystems and there is a need to fill this gap. Among soil species used in ecotoxicology are the Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta), important members of the soil fauna, contributing to the improvement of the pore structure of the soil and, indirectly, to the degradation of the organic matter. Besides the fact that there is a standard guideline for testing effects at the survival and reproduction level (ISO, 2005), recently, the use of tools that study the effect at the subcelular (Howcroft et al, 2008) and gene level (Amorim et al, 2009) have been optimized and became available, being a competitive advantage in comparison to other standard species. The main goal of this research was to compare the effects of nanosized copper with Cu-salt (CuCl2), in Enchytareus albidus, using gene expression, and oxidative stress and neuronal biomarkers as endpoints. The results showed that exposure to nano-Cu and Cu-salt caused significative changes on the biomarkers and the gene expression profile. Biomarkers analysis indicate oxidative damage caused by both forms of copper (at 8 days of exposure), and an anti-oxidative response (GPx, GSH and GSSG) at 4 days. There was also a time and concentration dependent effect between the treatments. Nevertheless, there was not one biomarker that provided the best discrimination. The analysis of effects at gene level showed differently expressed genes due to copper (nano or salt). Main functions affected were in transcription and translation, energy and protein metabolism and immune and stress response related genes. Due to the reduced number of homologies to known functions further explanations are difficult. From results of both tools used there was no strong evidence of that one of the forms is significantly more toxic than the other, nevertheless these compounds seem to have different modes of action.
Assessment of morphological variability and chemical composition of some local pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) populations on the area of Kosovo

Seven local pepper populations ( Capsicum annuum L.) from different geographical regions of Kosovo, were evaluated for morphological traits, chemical composition, and antioxidant contents using standard analytical techniques. All local peppers populations were characterized for different morphological traits from seedling emergence to crop maturity. The total genetic variation for plant height (PH) was 11.72 cm or expressed in relative values was 27.94 %. Average of leaf area (LA) per plant was 2308.38 cm 2 , while the lowest value for LA was 1136 cm 2 . Yield per plant ranged from 265 to 691 g plant -1 . The acidity level was ranging from 1.44 to 1.61 %, carbohydrates varied greatly from 4.21 to 6.07 %. Vitamin C (as ascorbic acid) content in fresh fruit ranged from 65.544 to 520.51 mg 100g -1 of fresh mass. Minerals were of reasonable levels with Fe (15.31 mg kg -1 ), Ca (216.71 mg kg -1 ), Na (406.01 mg kg -1 ), K (1851 mg kg -1 ), and Zn (5.74 mg kg -1 ).
Patient and caregiver perceptions of a pre-filled diluent syringe (MixPro®)

Abstract Prophylactic coagulation factor replacement is increasingly the treatment modality of choice for people with haemophilia (PWH). Currently available recombinant factor products require reconstitution from a lyophilised powder and diluent, and a range of infusion systems is available to assist in this process. This study aimed to understand the properties of a reconstitution/infusion system that are most important to PWH and carers of children with haemophilia (CWH), and to assess two available systems produced by Novo Nordisk for the reconstitution and infusion of activated recombinant factor VII and recombinant factor VIII: the original infusion system and the newer MixPro® system. Both were tested by a group of 67 PWH or carers of CWH who were naïve to them. Participants rated the performance of each system against 18 predefined parameters using the 7-point Likert scale, and ranked the importance of these parameters to the design of an infusion system. They also directly compared the performance of the two systems and provided qualitative feedback. Overall, MixPro® was preferred to the original system by 94% of study participants. This was reflected in the performance scores for individual parameters, with scores in 16/18 parameters being significantly higher for MixPro® (p<0.05) than the original system. Low contamination risk was seen as the most important criterion in the design and choice of an infusion system, with 97% regarding MixPro® as the superior system in this category. The MixPro® system was perceived as being quick, easy to use, convenient and portable. It is hoped that these findings may help guide the future design of infusion systems for PWH.
Measuring intergenerational earnings mobility in Spain: A selection-bias-free

This paper analyses intergenerational earnings mobility in Spain correcting for different selection biases. We address the co-residence selection problem by combining information from two samples and using the two-sample two-stage least square estimator. We find a small decrease in elasticity when we move to younger cohorts. Furthermore, we find a higher correlation in the case of daughters than in the case of sons; however, when we consider the employment selection in the case of daughters, by adopting a Heckman-type correction method, the diference between sons and daughters disappears. By decomposing the sources of earnings elasticity across generations, we find that the correlation between child's and father's occupation is the most important component. Finally, quantile regressions estimates show that the influence of the father's earnings is greater when we move to the lower tail of the offspring's earnings distribution, especially in the case of daughters' earnings.
Phenotypic traits variation among native diploid, native tetraploid and invasive tetraploid Senecio inaequidens DC. (Asteraceae).

Senecio inaequidens DC. is a rapidly spreading plant invader in Europe. In its native range, it occurs at two co-existing diploid and tetraploid cytotypes. To date, only tetraploids are reported in Europe, even though invasive diploids were recorded in other parts of the world. We compared native diploid and both native and invasive tetraploid populations in common gardens in Europe for a suite of life history traits. Diploids were able to develop, showed high biomass production and produced more flower heads than tetraploids. In contrast, winter survival was null for diploids. It was low for native tetraploids, but reached 40% in invasive tetraploids. Results suggested that diploid cytotype tends to an annual life form when grown in Western Europe, with earlier and more abundant flowering. In contrast, the tetraploid cytotype was mainly perennial which may enhance its invasiveness.