Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pleistocene Palaeoart of the Americas

In contrast to the great time depth of Pleistocene rock art and mobiliary ‘art’ in the four other continents, the available evidence from the Americas is very limited, and restricted at best to the last part of the final Pleistocene. A review of what has so far become available is hampered by a considerable burden of literature presenting material contended to be of the Ice Age, even of the Mesozoic in some cases, that needs to be sifted through to find a minute number of credible claims. Even the timing of the first colonization of the Americas remains unresolved, and the lack of clear-cut substantiation of palaeoart finds predating about 12,000 years bp is conspicuous. There are vague hints of earlier human presence, rendering it likely that archaeology has failed to define its manifestations adequately, and Pleistocene palaeoart remains almost unexplored at this stage.
Fault-tolerant arithmetic via time-shared TMR

Fault tolerance is increasingly important as society has come to depend on computers for more and more aspects of daily life. The current concern about the Y2K problems indicates just how much we depend on accurate computers. This paper describes work on time- shared TMR, a technique which is used to provide arithmetic operations that produce correct results in spite of circuit faults.
A Computer-Assisted Educational Auction Simulation

Background Internet auctions are popular mechanisms to conduct electronic-business transactions. Because they have received a significant attention, auction simulations have spread to a variety of domains. Aim The aim of this article is to examine participation in an educational Internet auction simulation and analyze participants’ behavior and attitude. Method Forty-eight students participated in two auction simulation sessions. Data were collected during the exercise, and questionnaire results were analyzed. Results Findings reveal a long-tail distribution of participation among users. Participants use the simulation mostly in latter phases. Participants’ performance was affected by the intensiveness of participation. Conclusion Long-duration simulations with voluntary participation provide benefits to enthusiastic participants and may suffer from procrastination tendency.
A novel color filter array and demosaicking algorithm for hexagonal grids

We propose a new color filter array for hexagonal sampling grids and a corresponding demosaicking algorithm. By exploiting properties of the human visual system in their design, we show that our proposed color filter array and its demosaicking algorithm are able to outperform the widely used Bayer pattern with state-of-the-art demosaicking algorithms in terms of both, objective and subjective image quality.
The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications

Langs, then, presents strategies which teachers might use to teach on the trans-cultural field of discourse which Gumperz helps us to understand. What's more, Langs's strategies can help teachers to tailor their actions from day to day to the extent of their evolving understanding of this field. If a therapist can maintain communicative fields for deeply disturbed patients, a teacher can maintain similar fields for those students whose discourse strategies the teacher does not yet understand. With a field of communication established, teachers can continue to analyze those strategies by listening closely to the students, attending to their own response, forming silent hypotheses, and seeing them invalidated or validated in the next classroom exchange.
Computer‐assisted instruction and student attitudes towards learning mathematics

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish the effects of computer‐assisted instruction (CAI) on the attitude of students studying mathematics.Design/methodology/approach – CAI in mathematics, as an alternative to traditional instruction (TI), is investigated using a sample of students in Iran. The sample consists of second grade female students of maths/science in two high schools of Hashtgerd. The study is carried out over four weeks in May 2008. The effects of the independent variable (CAI) are studied in one high school while in a second high school in the region, a control group is used to measure the effects of TI.Findings – The findings reveal that CAI increases the learning level of students and improves their attitudes toward mathematics compared with TI.Research limitations/implications – The scope of the study is limited to a sample of students from two high schools in Iran. Thus, the results are indicative rather than conclusive. More work needs to be carried out involving a larger sa.
Apoyo estructural en la intención emprendedora de estudiantes de periodismo y comunicación audiovisual en España

Se analiza la intencion emprendedora y la percepcion de apoyo estructural de una muestra de 310 estudiantes de periodismo y comunicacion audiovisual en Espana. Los resultados muestran de modo general una carencia mas que notable de intencion hacia el autoempleo como comportamiento preferencial laboral futuro asi como una escasa percepcion de apoyo estructural de las administraciones publico-privadas para el desarrollo de nuevos proyectos empresariales. El estudio destaca asimismo una mayor intencion emprendedora en hombres estudiantes que en mujeres. Se discuten por ultimo implicaciones academicas, legislativas y sociales.
Non-radial oscillations of neutron stars and the detection of gravitational waves

We study the non-radial oscillations of relativistic neutron stars, in particular the (fundamental) f-modes, which are believed to be the most relevant for the gravitational wave emission of perturbed isolated stars. The expected frequencies of the f-modes are compared to the sensitivity range of Mario Schenberg, the Brazilian gravitational wave spherical detector.
A high‐resolution radar experiment on the island of Jersey

A very high‐resolution X‐band vertically pointing weather radar was deployed in the island of Jersey, UK, from February to May 2004, to study the variation of the vertical reflectivity of precipitation (VPR) in this region. Intercomparison studies were carried out with a C‐band scanning weather radar operated by Jersey Met. Department. C‐band radar rainfall estimations and raingauge measurements were well correlated at very short ranges (<10 km), but there are clear difficulties in the estimation of precipitation due to ground clutter, and anomalous propagation echoes as well as the variation of VPR. Average VPRs were obtained from the X‐band radar that helped reduce the bright band enhancement in C‐band scanning weather radar measurements. This paper presents the overall results obtained during this radar experiment. The experiment was one of a series designed to understand the VPR and design removal algorithms for bright band contamination of quantitative radar measurements of precipitation. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
The University Library: The Center of a University Education?

This paper discusses a formal study conducted in 2001 at Brigham Young University to determine the value of the library to the university community. Methods used to collect data for the study included an e-mail survey, usage statistics, naturalistic observations, and interviews. Two years after the study, the authors wondered if the conclusions of the study were still valid. Replicating the original study was impossible, but certain data were readily available for comparison. The comparable data are presented and analyzed. Two new services implemented in response to student requests and their possible influence on continued library usage are presented.
Wikis: what students do and do not do when writing collaboratively

We investigated the collaborative writing actions carried out by 60 Open University of Israel graduate students as they built a wiki glossary of key course concepts. These actions were analysed using a taxonomy of collaborative writing actions (i.e. adding, editing and deleting information) in order to find out what students do and what they do not do when writing collaboratively. Two main findings were reported: in accord with previous research, students most frequently add content to a wiki rather than delete existing text; and contrary to previous research, students modify existing texts to a greater extent than previously reported. These findings may help teachers design collaborative learning activities. Teachers should be aware of the difficulties faced by students when writing collaboratively and should design collaborative learning activities in ways that overcome or circumvent these difficulties.
Improved access to comprehensive emergency obstetric care and its effect on institutional maternal mortality in rural Mali.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a national referral system that aims to reduce maternal mortality rates through improving access to and the quality of emergency obstetric care in rural Mali (sub-Saharan Africa). METHODS A maternity referral system that included basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care, transportation to obstetric health services and community cost-sharing schemes was implemented in six rural health districts in Kayes region between December 2002 and November 2005. In an uncontrolled 'before and after' study, we recorded all obstetric emergencies, major obstetric interventions and maternal deaths during a 4-year observation period (1 January 2003 to 30 November 2006): the year prior to the intervention (P-1); the year of the intervention (P0), and 1 and 2 years after the intervention (P1 and P2, respectively). The primary outcome was the risk of death among obstetric emergency patients, calculated with crude case fatality rates and crude odds ratios. Analyses were adjusted for confounding variables using logistic regression. FINDINGS The number of women receiving emergency obstetric care doubled between P-1 and P2, and the rate of major obstetric interventions (mainly Caesarean sections) performed for absolute maternal indications increased from 0.13% in P-1 to 0.46% in P2. In women treated for an obstetric emergency, the risk of death 2 years after implementing the intervention was half the risk recorded before the intervention (odds ratio, OR: 0.48; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.30-0.76). Maternal mortality rates decreased more among women referred for emergency obstetric care than among those who presented to the district health centre without referral. Nearly half (47.5%) of the reduction in deaths was attributable to fewer deaths from haemorrhage. CONCLUSION The intervention showed rapid effects due to the availability of major obstetric interventions in district health centres, reduced transport time to such centres for treatment, and reduced financial barriers to care. Our results show that national programmes can be implemented in low-income countries without major external funding and that they can rapidly improve the coverage of obstetric services and significantly reduce the risk of death associated with obstetric complications.
Antimicrobial Properties of Carica papaya (Papaya) Different Leaf Extract against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans

Many herbal remedies individually or in combination have been recommended in various medical expositions for the cure of different diseases. Free radicals are implicated for many diseases including diabetes mellitus, arthritis, cancer; aging etc. in the treatment of these diseases, antioxidant therapy has gained utmost importance. Currently there has been an increased interest globally to identify antioxidant compound that are pharmacologically potent and have low or no side effects. As plants are source of natural antioxidants, much attention has been gain to plants. Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are sources of many potent and powerful drugs. Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of Carica papaya (Papaya) plant different leaves extract is tested by methods reported in literature. Phytochemical screening of leaves extracts for alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins proteins, amino acids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids is also done by standard test procedure reported in literature. Both methods (well diffusion and poison plate) showing strongest activity in methanol extract. Among four extract methanol extract showing inhibition against in S. aureus than E. coli and C. albicans .
Data-aided channel estimation in large antenna systems

This paper is concerned with the uplink in a multi-cell large antenna system. We study a channel estimation scheme where partially decoded data is used to estimate the channel. We show that there are two types of interference components in this scheme that do not vanish even when the number of antennas grows to infinity: cross-contamination and self-contamination. Cross contamination is in principle similar to pilot contamination in a conventional pilot-based channel estimation scheme, while self-contamination is unique for the data-aided scheme. The data-aided scheme can effectively suppress the contamination effect by increasing the data frame length without causing rate loss. This is confirmed by both analysis and simulation results.
Can Employability Do the Trick? Revealing Paradoxical Tensions and Responses in the Process of Adopting Innovative Employability Enhancing Policies and Practices in Organizations

This study uses a ‘paradox lens’ to contribute to employability debates in HRM by examining the effectiveness of employability enhancing policies and practices (hereafter EP&Ps) in three case organizations. We identify three organizing paradoxes reflecting the complexities of the Dutch economic, political and socio-cultural contexts. In line with the EP&Ps' competing goals, we label these: the ‘(inverted) flexibility/commitment paradox’; ‘self-management/(human-resource) management paradox’; and the ‘sustainability/effectiveness and efficiency paradox’. We further analyse how their underlying paradoxical tensions spill over and create role-performance, belonging and learning paradoxical tensions at the micro-level and how these cumulatively impact managers' and employees' responses to EP&Ps. We then explore how HRM tries to actively go beyond ‘reinforcing paradox cycles’ by creating awareness and stimulating contextual change to foster the wider adoption of EP&Ps. In conclusion, we argue that the paradox lens can inform HRM scholars and labour market stakeholders to search for innovative ways to study and govern contemporary employability issues.
Wolbachia in leafcutter ants: a widespread symbiont that may induce male killing or incompatible matings

Wolbachia is a maternally inherited bacterium that manipulates host reproduction by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis or male killing (MK). Here, we report on a screening of seven leafcutter ant species of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex. Using Wolbachia‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers we show that all species are infected, usually by double A + B strain infections. For Acromyrmex echinatior and A. octospinosus, a screening across all castes shows that gynes (prospective queens) have higher infection rates than workers and males. The low infection rate of workers suggests that workers lose their infection during development. This we interpret as adaptive, because a heritable symbiont does not benefit from being present in sterile workers. Both CI and MK could potentially account for the low infection rate of males. Formal theoretical models show greater support for the MK scenario in the free living species A. echinatior and A. octospinosus but indicate that Wolbachia in the social parasite A. insinuator may cause CI, supporting a scenario of sympatric speciation of the social parasite. We conclude that Wolbachia represents a previously unrecognized source of reproductive conflict in leafcutter ant colonies.
Impacts of Natural Disasters on a Dynamic Economy

This paper presents a modeling framework for macroeconomic growth dynamics ; it is motivated by recent attempts to formulate and study " integrated models " of the coupling between natural and socioeconomic phenomena. The challenge is to describe the interfaces between human activities and the functioning of the earth system. We examine the way that this interface works in the presence of endogenous business cycle dynamics, based on a non-equilibrium dynamic model. Recent findings about the macroeconomic response to natural disasters in such a nonequilibrium setting have shown a more severe response to natural disasters during expansions than during recessions. These findings raise questions about the assessment of climate change damages or natural disaster losses that are based purely on long-term growth models. In order to compare the theoretical findings with observational data, we analyze cyclic behavior in the U.S. economy, based on multivariate singular spectrum analysis. We analyze a total of nine aggregate indicators in a 52-year interval (1954–2005) and demonstrate that the behavior of the U.S. economy changes significantly between intervals of growth and recession , with higher volatility during expansions.
THE SDSS-III BARYON OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY: THE QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION FROM DATA RELEASE NINE

We present a new measurement of the optical quasar luminosity function (QLF), using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-III: Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (SDSS-III: BOSS). From the SDSS-III Data Release Nine, a uniform sample of 22,301 i ≲ 21.8 quasars are selected over an area of 2236 deg2, with confirmed spectroscopic redshifts between 2.2 < z < 3.5, filling in a key part of the luminosity–redshift plane for optical quasar studies. The completeness of the survey is derived through simulated quasar photometry, and this completeness estimate is checked using a sample of quasars selected by their photometric variability within the BOSS footprint. We investigate the level of systematics associated with our quasar sample using the simulations, in the process generating color–redshift relations and a new quasar K-correction. We probe the faint end of the QLF to Mi(z = 2.2) ≈ −24.5 and see a clear break in the QLF at all redshifts up to z = 3.5. A log-linear relation (in log Φ* − M*) for a luminosity evolution and density evolution model is found to adequately describe our data within the range 2.2 < z < 3.5; across this interval the break luminosity increases by a factor of ∼2.6 while Φ* declines by a factor of ∼8. At z ≲ 2.2 our data are reasonably well fit by a pure luminosity evolution model, and only a weak signature of “AGN downsizing” is seen, in line with recent studies of the hard X-ray luminosity function. We compare our measured QLF to a number of theoretical models and find that models making a variety of assumptions about quasar triggering and halo occupation can fit our data over a wide range of redshifts and luminosities.
Two-step spectral clustering controlled islanding algorithm

Controlled islanding is an active and effective way of avoiding catastrophic wide area blackouts. It is usually considered as a constrained combinatorial optimization problem. However, the combinatorial explosion of the solution space that occurs for large power systems increases the complexity of solving it. This paper proposes a two-step controlled islanding algorithm that uses spectral clustering to find a suitable islanding solution for preventing the initiation of wide area blackouts by un-damped electromechanical oscillations. The objective function used in this controlled islanding algorithm is the minimal power-flow disruption. The sole constraint applied to this solution is related to generator coherency. In the first step of the algorithm, the generator nodes are grouped using normalized spectral clustering, based on their dynamic models, to produce groups of coherent generators. In the second step of the algorithm, the islanding solution that provides the minimum power-flow disruption whilst satisfying the constraint of coherent generator groups is determined by grouping all nodes using constrained spectral clustering. Simulation results, obtained using the IEEE 9, 39 and 118-bus test systems, show that the proposed algorithm is computationally efficient when solving the controlled islanding problem, particularly in the case of a large power system.
Worklife Across the Lifespan

An extensive literature search across the spectrum of vocational psychology was conducted using the time frame of 1991-2008 and resulted in 47 quantitative reviews (i.e., meta-analyses). First, theories of vocational psychology are presented including John Holland's ( 1997) and Rene Dawis and Loyd Lofquist's ( 1984; Dawis, 2005) theory of work adjustment person-environment fit (P-E fit) models; Lent, Brown, and Hackett ( 1994) social cognitive career theory; the social learning theory of John Krumboltz ( 1990); Donald Super's career construction theory (Super, 1992); and L. S. Gottfredson's ( 1999) circumscription theory. Next, vocational outcomes of young people (the development of interests, educational and occupational aspirations, educational achievement, and career choice) and wage-earning adults (job search, job entry, job performance, job satisfaction, career success, and mental health outcomes) are reviewed. The last two major sections concern diverse groups (women and racially and ethnically diverse groups) and individual differences (cognitive ability, personality, and interests) as predictors of vocational outcomes.
Role of preoperative pain, muscle function, and activity level in discharge readiness after fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty

Open Access-This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the source is credited. Background and purpose — The concept of fast-track surgery has led to a decline in length of stay after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to about 2–4 days. However, it has been questioned whether this is only achievable in selected patients—or in all patients. We therefore investigated the role of preoperative pain and functional characteristics in discharge readiness and actual LOS in fast-track THA and TKA. Methods — Before surgery, hip pain (THA) or knee pain (TKA), lower-extremity muscle power, functional performance, and physical activity were assessed in a sample of 150 patients and used as independent variables to predict the outcome (dependent variable)—readiness for hospital discharge —for each type of surgery. Discharge readiness was assessed twice daily by blinded assessors. Results — Median discharge readiness and actual length of stay until discharge were both 2 days. Univariate linear regression followed by multiple linear regression revealed that age was the only independent predictor of discharge readiness in THA and TKA, but the standardized coefficients were small (≤ 0.03). Interpretation — These results support the idea that fast-track THA and TKA with a length of stay of about 2–4 days can be achieved for most patients independently of preoperative functional characteristics.
A three-port bi-directional converter for hybrid fuel cell systems

The implementation of a fuel cell/battery hybrid system is proposed to improve the slow transient response of a PEM fuel cell stack. This system can be used for an autonomous device with quick load variations. A suitable three-port, galvanic isolated, bi-directional power converter is proposed to control the power flow. An energy management method for the proposed three-port circuit is analyzed and implemented. Measurements from a 500 W laboratory prototype are presented to demonstrate the validity of the approach.