Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Postsimulation Debriefing Versus In-Simulation Debriefing in Medical Simulation

Introduction: A key portion of medical simulation is self-reflection and instruction during a debriefing session; however, there have been surprisingly few direct comparisons of various approaches. The objective of this study was to compare two styles of managing a simulation session: postsimulation debriefing versus in-simulation debriefing. Methods: One hundred sixty-one students were randomly assigned to receive either postsimulation debriefing or in-simulation debriefing. Retrospective pre-post assessment was made through survey using Likert-scale questions assessing students' self-reported confidence and knowledge level as it relates to medical resuscitation and statements related to the simulation itself. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the reliable self-reported results between the two groups for effectiveness of the debriefing style, debriefing leading to effective learning, and the debriefing helping them to understand the correct and incorrect actions, with the group that received postsimulation debriefing ranking all these measures higher. Both groups showed significantly higher posttest scores compared with their pretest scores for individual and overall measures. Discussion: Students felt that a simulation experience followed by a debriefing session helped them learn more effectively, better understand the correct and incorrect actions, and was overall more effective compared with debriefing that occurred in-simulation. Students did not feel that interruptions during a simulation significantly altered the realism of the simulation.
Native mRNA editing complexes from Trypanosoma brucei mitochondria.

The aim of this study was to identify multicomponent complexes involved in kinetoplastid mitochondrial mRNA editing. Mitochondrial extracts from Trypanosoma brucei were fractionated on 10–30% glycerol gradients and assayed for RNAs and activities potentially involved in editing, including pre‐edited mRNA, guide RNA (gRNA), endonuclease, terminal uridylyltransferase (TUTase), RNA ligase and gRNA‐mRNA chimera‐forming activities. These experiments suggest that two distinct editing complexes exist. Complex I (19S) consists of gRNA, TUTase, RNA ligase and chimera‐forming activity. Complex II (35–40S) is composed of gRNA, preedited mRNA, RNA ligase and chimera‐forming activity. These studies provide the first evidence that editing occurs in a multicomponent complex. The possible roles of complex I, complex II and RNA ligase in editing are discussed.
Urmia Lake level forecasting using Brain Emotional Learning (BEL)

This paper has tried to focus on a new approach for water level forecasting of Urmia Lake by using records of past time series and emotional learning. Water level forecasting is important in water resources engineering and management and efficient management of water resources for use. During the past two decades, the approaches artificial intelligence based on the Genetic Programming (GP), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), fuzzy logic, neuro-fuzzy and statistical method for example ARIMA and recently, chaos theory have been developed. Time series the measurements from tide gauge at Urmia Lake, were used to train emotional learning approach for the period from March 1965 to February 2011. The research indicates that there is a non-linear and complex relationship between water input and variables, therefore anticipation seems to be more difficult to implement it with conventional tools of time series prediction. Simulation results prove that the applied method has prominent capability in forecasting time series. In this paper, various criterion including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) have been used.
Serum Uric Acid in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Vascular Parkinsonism: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Elevation of serum uric acid (UA) is correlated with a decreased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, the association and clinical relevance of serum UA levels in patients with PD and vascular parkinsonism (VP) are unknown. Objective: We performed a cross-sectional study of 160 Chinese patients with PD and VP to determine whether UA levels in patients could predict the outcomes. Methods: Serum UA levels were divided into quartiles and the association between UA and the severity of PD or VP was investigated in each quartile. Results: The serum levels of UA in PD were significantly lower than those in normal subjects and VP. The serum UA levels in PD patients were significantly correlated with some clinical parameters. Strong correlations were observed in male PD patients, but significant correlations were observed only between UA and the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of burden of sleep/fatigue and mood in female PD patients. PD patients in the lowest quartile of serum UA levels had significant correlations between UA and the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale, the modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale and NMS burden for attention/memory. Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that subjects with low serum UA levels may be more prone to developing PD and indicate that the inverse relationship between UA and severity of PD was robust for men but weak for women. Our results strongly imply that either low serum UA level is a deteriorative predictor or that serum UA level serves as an indirect biomarker of prediction in PD but not in VP patients.
Author ' s personal copy Sleep budgets in a globalizing world : Biocultural interactions in fl uence sleep suf fi ciency among Egyptian families

Declines in self-reported sleep quotas with globalizing lifestyle changes have focused attention on their possible role in rising global health problems such as obesity or depression. Cultural factors that act across the life course and support sleep sufficiency have received scant attention, nor have the potential interactions of cultural and biological factors in age-related changes in sleep behavior been systematically investigated. This study examines the effects of cultural norms for napping and sleeping arrangements along with sleep schedules, age, and gender on sleep budgets among Egyptian households. Data were collected in 2000 from 16 households with 78 members aged 3e56 years at two sites in Egypt (Cairo and an agrarian village). Each participant provided one week of continuous activity records and details of each sleep event. Records showed that nighttime sleep onsets were late and highly variable. Napping was common and, along with wake time flexibility, played a key role in maintaining sleep sufficiency throughout the life course into later middle age. Cosleeping was prevalent and exhibited contrasting associations with reduced duration and sufficiency of both nocturnal and total sleep, and with earlier, more regular, and less disrupted sleep. Daily sleep quotas met published guidelines and showed age-related changes similar to existing reports, but differed in how they were achieved. Cultural norms organizing sleep practices by age and gender appear to tap their intrinsic biological properties as well. Moreover, flexibility in how sleep was achieved contributed to sleep sufficiency. The findings suggest how biocultural dynamics can play key roles in sleep patterns that sustain favorable sleep quotas from infancy onwards in populations pursuing globalizing contemporary lifestyles. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ploidy in bone marrow cells from healthy donors: a MAC (morphology antibody chromosomes) study

The ploidy of human bone marrow cells belonging to the megakaryocytic, granulocytic‐monocytic and erythrocytic lineages was studied by in situ hybridization using the biotin‐labelled Y chromosome‐specific DNA probe pY431 and the chromosome 1‐specific probe pUC1.77 on cells identified morphologically and immunologically by the MAC procedure. Cells of the granulocytic‐monocytic and erythrocytic lineages were seen to be 2N in ploidy, whereas the ploidy of the megakaryocytic lineage ranged from 2N to 32N, with the ploidy classes 4N and 8N being predominant. The frequency of megakaryocytes with 2N chromosomes was also high.
“It Takes a Man to Put Me on the Bottom”: Gay Men’s Experiences of Masculinity and Anal Intercourse

In anal intercourse between gay men, men who are typically insertive (“tops”) are often perceived as, and may identify as, more masculine than those who are typically receptive (“bottoms”). “Versatile” men, who may adopt either position, may be perceived as more gender balanced and may transcend the gender-role stereotypes associated with self-labeling as top or bottom. The aim of this study was to explore how gay men’s beliefs about masculinity were associated with their beliefs about the gendered nature of sexual self-labels and their behavior in anal intercourse. Individual semistructured interviews were undertaken with 17 UK-based gay men. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) identified that perceptions of tops and bottoms as gendered social identities varied depending on the extent to which gay men subscribed to the mandates of hegemonic masculinity, the dominant masculinity in Western society. The findings also suggested that some gay men differentiated between top and bottom as social identities and topping and bottoming as gendered behaviors. This had implications for gay men’s behaviors in anal intercourse. It is suggested that future efforts to engage with gay men about their sexual behavior should account for their beliefs regarding the gender-role stereotypes associated with gay sexual self-labels.
Morphological Building/Shadow Index for Building Extraction From High-Resolution Imagery Over Urban Areas

Morphological building index (MBI) is a recently developed approach for automatic indication of buildings in high-resolution imagery. However, MBI is subject to commission errors due to the similar characteristics between buildings, bare soil and roads. Furthermore, omission errors occur in dark and heterogeneous roofs. In this study, a systematic framework for building extraction from high-resolution imagery is proposed, aiming to alleviate both commission and omission errors for the original MBI algorithm. The improvements include three aspects: 1) a morphological shadow index (MSI) is proposed to detect shadows that are used as a spatial constraint of buildings; 2) a dual-threshold filtering is proposed to integrate the information of MBI and MSI; 3) the proposed framework is implemented in an object-based environment, where a geometrical index and a vegetation index are then used to remove noise from narrow roads and bright vegetation. The proposed framework was validated on an Ikonos image of Washington DC Mall with 1-m resolution and an 8-channel WorldView-2 image of Hangzhou, east of China, with 2-m resolution. By comparison with the ground truth references, it was shown that our method achieved over 90% overall accuracy for discrimination between buildings and backgrounds for both datasets. In the comparative study, it was revealed that the proposed method improved the original MBI significantly. Furthermore, the proposed method was more accurate than the support vector machine interpretation with the differential morphological profiles (DMP) and multiscale urban complexity index (MUCI).
Preliminary evaluation of serum total cholesterol concentrations in dogs with osteosarcoma

OBJECTIVES To determine if total serum cholesterol concentrations were altered in dogs with osteosarcoma. To evaluate association of total serum cholesterol concentration with clinical outcomes in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective, multi-institutional study on 64 dogs with osteosarcoma. Control population consisted of dogs with traumatic bone fractures (n=30) and healthy patients of similar age and weight as those of the osteosarcoma cases (n=31). Survival analysis was done on 35 appendicular osteosarcoma patients that received the current standard of care. Statistical associations were assessed by univariable and multi-variable analysis. Information about age, sex, primary tumour location, total cholesterol concentration, monocytes and lymphocyte counts and alkaline phosphatase were also included. RESULTS Total cholesterol was elevated above the reference interval (3·89 to 7·12 mmol/L) (150 to 275 mg/dL) in 29 of 64 (45·3%) osteosarcoma-bearing dogs, whereas similar elevations were found in only 3 of 30 (10%) fracture controls (P<0·0001) and 2 of 31 (6·5%) similar age/weight controls (P=0·0002). Elevated total cholesterol was significantly associated with a reduced hazard ratio (0·27, P=0·008) for overall mortality in dogs with osteosarcoma. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that elevated total cholesterol is associated with canine osteosarcoma and may have prognostic significance.
Increased plasma visfatin concentrations in morbidly obese subjects are reduced after gastric banding.

CONTEXT The insulin-mimetic adipocytokine visfatin has been linked to obesity. The influence of weight loss on plasma visfatin concentrations in obese subjects is unknown yet. OBJECTIVES In this study we investigated whether plasma visfatin concentrations are altered by weight loss in patients with obesity. DESIGN AND PATIENTS In a prospective study, fasting plasma visfatin, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations were measured before and 6 months after gastric banding in 31 morbidly obese patients aged 40 +/- 11 yr with a body mass index (BMI) of 46 +/- 5 kg/m(2). Fourteen healthy subjects aged 29 +/- 5 yr with a BMI less than 25 kg/m(2) served as controls. RESULTS Visfatin plasma concentrations were markedly elevated in obese subjects (0.037 +/- 0.008 microg/ml), compared with controls (0.001 +/- 0.000 microg/ml, P < 0.001). Gastric banding reduced BMI to 40 +/- 5 kg/m(2), visfatin to 19.2 +/- 10.9 ng/ml, and leptin from 39.0 +/- 12.4 to 29.7 +/- 10.0 ng/ml and increased adiponectin from 0.015 +/- 0.007 to 0.017 +/- 0.007 microg/ml (all P < 0.05) after 6 months. Insulin sensitivity as estimated by the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index was unchanged from 5.8 +/- 3.1 to 4.6 +/- 1.9 (P = 0.13), but individual changes of insulin resistance and visfatin were significantly associated (P < 0.05, r = -0.43). CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma visfatin concentrations in morbidly obese subjects are reduced after weight loss. This may be related to changes in insulin resistance over time.
Quantifying Spatiotemporal Greenhouse Gas Emissions Using Autonomous Surface Vehicles

Accurately quantifying total greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., methane) from natural systems such as lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands requires the spatial and temporal measurement of both diffusive and ebullitive (bubbling) emissions. Ebullitive emissions exhibit high spatial and temporal variability and as such are difficult to measure. Traditional manual measurement techniques provide only limited localized assessment of methane flux, often introducing significant errors when extrapolated to the whole‐of‐system. This is further exacerbated when whole‐of‐region estimates are developed for inclusion in global greenhouse gas inventories. In this paper, we directly address these current sampling limitations by comparing two robot boat‐based sampling systems with complementary sensing modalities to directly measure in real time the spatiotemporal release of methane to atmosphere across inland waterways. The first system consists of a single Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) fitted with an Optical Methane Detector with algorithms to exploit the robot's mobility and transect repeatability for the accurate detection and quantification of methane bubbles across whole‐of‐system. The second system consists of multiple networked ASVs capable of persistent operation and scalable to whole‐of‐region monitoring. Each ASV carries a novel automated chamber‐based gas sampling system to allow simultaneous real‐time measurement of methane across the waterway. These ASV systems provide a foundation for persistent large‐scale spatiotemporal sampling allowing scientists to develop whole‐of‐region greenhouse gas estimates and greatly improve global inventory budgets. An overview of the single and multi‐robot sampling systems is presented, including their automated methane detection and sampling methodologies for the spatiotemporal quantification of greenhouse gas release to atmosphere. Experimental results are shown demonstrating each system's ability to autonomously navigate, detect, and quantify methane release to atmosphere across an entire inland reservoir.
The Impact of Family Representation on CEO Compensation

Understanding the nature of family representation in public firms has been an important topic for entrepreneurship research. Because CEO compensation is a key tool that boards use to align the interests of shareholders and managers, researchers have taken steps toward understanding how family representation affects CEO compensation. Prior research has painted family–member CEOs as stewards who accept lower compensation. Based on agency theory, we describe a different scenario wherein family representatives engage in strategic control that reduces family–member CEOs‘ compensation. Thus, family–member CEOs accept lower compensation only when additional family members are represented in management or on the board. In comparison with CEOs at nonfamily firms, we find that family–member CEO compensation is 13% lower when multiple family members are involved, but 56% higher when the CEO is the lone family member.
TiO 2-PHOTOCATALYZED DEGRADATION OF PHENOL IN SALINE MEDIA IN AN ANNULAR REACTOR : HYDRODYNAMICS , LUMPED KINETICS , INTERMEDIATES , AND ACUTE TOXICITY

The photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous suspensions of TiO2 under different salt concentrations in an annular reactor has been investigated. In all cases, complete removal of phenol and mineralization degrees above 90% were achieved. The reactor operational parameters were optimized and its hydrodynamics characterized in order to couple mass balance equations with kinetic ones. The photodegradation of the organics followed a Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson lumped kinetics. From GC/MS analyses, several intermediates formed during oxidation have been identified. The main ones were catechol, hydroquinone, and 3-phenyl-2-propenal, in this order. The formation of negligible concentrations of 4-chlorophenol was observed only in high salinity medium. Acute toxicity was determined by using Artemia sp. as the test organism, which indicated that intermediate products were all less toxic than phenol and a significant abatement of the overall toxicity was accomplished, regardless of the salt concentration.
S100B and schizophrenia

The research for peripheral biological markers of schizophrenia, although abundant, has been unfruitful. In the last 2 decades, the S100B protein has made its own room in this area of research. S100B is a calcium‐binding protein that has been proposed as a marker of astrocyte activation and brain dysfunction. Research results on S100B concentrations and schizophrenia clinical diagnosis are very consistent; patients with schizophrenia have higher S100B concentrations than healthy controls. The results regarding schizophrenia subtypes and clinical characteristics are not as conclusive. Age of patients, body mass index, illness duration and age at onset have been found to show no correlation, a positive correlation or a negative correlation with S100B levels. With respect to psychopathology, S100B data are inconclusive. Positive, negative and absence of correlation between S100B concentrations and positive and negative psychopathology have been reported. Methodological biases, such as day/night and seasonal variations, the use of anticoagulants to treat biological samples, the type of analytical technique to measure S100B and the different psychopathological scales to measure schizophrenia symptoms, are some of the factors that should be taken into account when researching into this area in order to reduce the variability of the reported results. The clinical implications of S100B changes in schizophrenia remain to be elucidated.
Mass spectrometry of avermectins: structural determination of two new derivatives of Ivermectin B(1a).

Fragmentation pathways of Avermectins were studied by electron impact (EI), chemical ionisation (CI), electrospray ionisation (ESI) and by collision experiments. Structure characterisation was obtained using ESI combined with multi-stage (MS(n)) tandem mass spectrometry, analysis of homologues, and effects on fragment masses of H/D exchange. By these approaches the structures of two new derivatives of Avermectins were characterised.
Differences in calcium absorption and kinetics between black and white girls aged 5–16 years

To assess racial differences in calcium (Ca) metabolism, we measured Ca absorption and kinetics in 89 girls (38 black and 51 white) aged 4.9–16.7 years using a dual‐tracer stable isotope technique. We found significantly greater rates of fractional (0.44 ± 0.13 vs. 0.25 ± 0.08, p < 0.0001) and total calcium absorption (406 ± 142 vs. 234 ± 82 mg/day, p < 0.0003) in black than in white postmenarcheal girls. Fractional absorption of Ca was also greater in black than in white premenarcheal girls (039 ± 0.14 vs. 0.30 ± 0.10, p = 0.01). Fractional absorption of Ca was more closely correlated to Ca intake in white (r = –0.42, p = 0.002) than in black girls (r = –0.25, p = 0.14). Urinary Ca excretion was significantly lower in pre‐ but not postmenarcheal black girls than in white girls. Calcium kinetic values associated with bone calcium deposition were greater in black girls, indicating a greater rate of bone Ca deposition in both pre‐ and postmenarcheal black girls. These results suggest that the greater bone mass accumulated during childhood and adolescence in black than in white females is due, in part, to greater rates of Ca absorption in black girls.
Hepatic FoxO1 Ablation Exacerbates Lipid Abnormalities during Hyperglycemia*

Patients with diabetes suffer disproportionately from impaired lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease, but the relevant roles of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in these processes are unclear. Transcription factor FoxO1 is regulated dually by insulin and nutrients. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that, in addition to its established role to regulate hepatic glucose production, FoxO1 controls aspects of lipid metabolism in the diabetic liver. Mice with a liver-specific deletion of FoxO1 (l-FoxO1) and their control littermates were rendered hyperglycemic by streptozotocin administration. Subsequently, we monitored serum lipids, liver VLDL secretion, and hepatic expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. Hepatic FoxO1 ablation resulted in increased VLDL secretion, increased cholesterol, and increased plasma free fatty acids, three hallmarks of the diabetic state. l-FoxO1 mice expressed increased levels of SREBP-2 and FGF21 without affecting lipogenic genes. We propose that FoxO1 fine tunes lipolysis through its actions on FGF21 and that hepatic FoxO1 ablation increases availability of substrates for hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis and VLDL secretion. The implications of these findings are that FoxO1 protects against excessive hepatic lipid production during hyperglycemia and that its inhibition by intensive insulin treatment may exacerbate paradoxically the lipid abnormalities of diabetes.