Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Cultural Study of Apologies in British English and Persian

Most cross-cultural apology studies have investigated apologies across different languages based on a corpus of elicited data. Rarely have apologies been examined in the natural data; nor have the social offenses that obligated these apologies been considered. This study investigated the use of apology strategies, and also the offenses that motivated apologies among native speakers of British English and Persian by analyzing a large corpus of naturally-occurring data collected from real-life situations. Results indicated that both English and Persian speakers used relatively the same set of apology strategies, yet with significantly different preferences. In addition, it was also found that the two groups did not make apologies to remedy the same offense types and even the same offenses obligated different apology rates.
The Implication of Financial Globalization on the Economic Growth of Cameroon

Capital account liberalization characterized by the free flow of capital into and out of an economy, has increased rapidly in recent years. This increase can potentially influence performance in trade, investment and the economy as a whole, through technological transfer. In this respect, this study aimed at examining the effect of financial globalization on the economic growth of Cameroon. The data for the study was collected from the World Development Indicators of the World Bank and the International Financial Statistics of the International Monetary Fund from 1970-2014. The estimation was carried out using the Ordinary Least Squares Technique. The results of the study showed that financial globalization has a positive and statistical significant effect on the economic growth of Cameroon. Other results indicated that the growth rate of Cameroon rate has been influenced positively by both human and physical capital. The study therefore recommends that government should pursue policies aim at liberalizing the capital account operations. Keywords: Financial Globalization, Growth, Cameroon
Professional attitudes toward incident reporting: can we measure and compare improvements in patient safety culture?

Objective To establish categories of professionals' attitudes toward incident reporting by analyzing the trends in incident reporting while accounting for general risk indicators. Design The incident reporting system was evaluated over 6 years. Reporting rates, stratified by year and profession, were estimated using the non-mandatory reported events/full-time equivalent (NM-IR/FTE) rate. Other indicators were collected using the hospital's official database. Staff attitudes toward self-reporting were analyzed. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed. Setting A 1000-bed Italian academic hospital. Participants Staff of the hospital (over 3200 professionals). Interventions None. Main outcome measures NM-IT/FTE rates, self-reported rates, patient complaints/praises, work accidents among professionals and 30-day readmissions. Results The overall reporting rate was 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42-0.46) among doctors and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.39-0.41) among nurses. Between 2010 and 2015, only the doctors' reporting rate increased significantly (P = 0.04), from 0.29 (95% CI: 0.25-0.34) to 0.67 (95% CI: 0.60-0.73). Patient complaints decreased from 384 to 224 (P < 0.001) and work accidents decreased from 296 to 235 (P = 0.01), while other indicators remained constant. Multivariable logistic regression showed that self-reporting was more likely among nurses than doctors (odds ratio: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.31-1.73) and for severe events than near misses (odds ratio: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.11-2.87). Conclusions Because the doctors' reporting rates increased during the study period, doctors may be more likely to report adverse events than nurses, although nurses reported more events. Incident reporting trends and other routinely collected risk indicators may be useful to improve our understanding and measurement of patient safety issues.
5. CORING-INDUCED MAGNETIZATION OF RECOVERED SEDIMENT 1

Shipboard measurements of archived advanced piston corer (APC) cores during Leg 157 revealed a preponderance of radially inward-directed magnetization. The nature of the radial magnetization was investigated with tests on a wash core. The coring-induced magnetization has higher coercivity than a simple isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM). Well-lithified samples do not have this coring-induced, high-coercivity contamination. The coring-induced moment, therefore, appears to be related to the coring or recovery process in relatively poorly lithified sediments. The magnetic fields of bottom-hole assemblies (BHAs), APC barrels, and APC cutting shoes were measured as possible source fields for the drill moments. Fields of tens of mT were found in the core barrels, with fields only 1 order of magnitude smaller at the cutting edge of the shoes. The fields associated with the BHAs were weaker and fell off rapidly on the scale length of the drill bit. The coring-induced magnetization appears to be caused by the mechanical disturbance of sediments during coring, pull-out, or passage up the drill string in the presence of the field of the APC barrel.
Walrasian Non-tâtonnement with Incomplete and Imperfectly Competitive Markets

Static competitive equilibria in economies with incomplete markets are generically constrained suboptimal. Allocations induced by strategic equilibria of imperfectly competitive markets are also generically inefficient. In both cases, there is scope for Pareto-improving amendments. In an extension of the limit-price process introduced in Giraud [20] to incomplete markets (with infinitely many uncertain states) populated by finitely many players, we show that these two inefficiency problems can be partially overcome when rephrased in a non-tatonnement process. Traders are myopic and trade financial securities in continuous time by sending limit-orders so as to select a portfolio that maximizes the first-order approximation of their expected indirect utility. We show that financial trade curves exist and converge to some second-best efficient restpoint unless some miscoordination stops the dynamics at some inefficient, but locally unstable point.
Technical-Economical Feasibility of Using Centrifugal Pumps in High-Density Thickened Tailings Slurry Systems

Pumping a simulated tailings slurry at a high solids content has been investi- gated at the GIW Hydraulic Testing Laboratory in a 0.075 m diameter loop with a centrifugal pump with an auger-like inducer. The results and earlier experiences from the Laboratory and some reported data indicate that viscous slurries char- acterized by shear stresses in pipeline transportation of 100 to 200 Pa can be pumped effectively with centrifugal pumps. Stresses in this range were reported in pipeline, flume and viscometer experiments with typical base metal tailings slurries at concentrations by volume of 44% in pilot-scale thickening tests. The corresponding concentration by mass,70%, gave a non-segregating mixture which could be disposed at slopes of about 4%. With this type of slurry, an overall economical comparison indicate that centrifugal pumps can be a cost-effective alternative also in high pressure applications (4 MPa) corresponding to a pipeline length of 1000 m when pumping 300 tonnes of tailings per hour. 196 Paste 2005, Santiago, Chile Technical-Economical Feasibility. Sellgren, A. et al.
Organic acids production by rhizosphere microorganisms isolated from a Typic Melanudands and its effects on the inorganic phosphates solubilization

It has been established that organic acid secretion by rhizosphere microorganisms is one of the mechanisms to solubilize the phosphorus (P) attached to insoluble mineral compounds in soil. This action is an important biotechnological alternative, especially in those soils where high fixation of this nutrient occurs, a very common situation in the tropics. This research evaluated the ability performed by five bacterial and five fungal isolates from Typic Melanudands soil to produce organic acids and generate available phosphorus from insoluble P sources. Given these concerns, the selected microorganisms were replicated for 7 days in liquid medium Pikovskaya (PVK) modified sources tricalcium phosphate (P-Ca), aluminum phosphate (P-Al) and iron phosphate (P-Fe). The results indicated that phosphorus availability in the media, correlates positively with the organic acids production in each of the sources used (P-Ca (0.63), P-Al (0.67) and P-Fe (0.63). In turn, the chemical processes linked to the phosphates solubilization (e.g., Ca availability) affected the development of the microorganisms tested. Both, fungi and bacteria varied in their ability production and type of metabolized organic acids, the most frequent were as follows: citric and gluconic acid.
Effect of cold temperature and food restriction on energy metabolism and thermogenesis in Eothenomys miletus

The aim of the present study was to examine the energy strategy in response to the cold temperature and food shortage. The survival rate, body mass, body fat content, serum leptin levels, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) as well as masses and the morphology of visceral organs and the digestive tract were measured in Eothenomys miletus that was subjected to the cold temperature (5°C) and food restriction (80% of ad libitum food intake). The results showed that body mass, body fat content, serum leptin levels, brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and dry mass of digestive tract in cold and food restriction group were lower than those in control group. In contrasts, BMR and NST in cold and food restriction group was significantly higher relative to control group. The rate of survival was 18.18% in E. miletus during cold and food restriction after 4 weeks acclimation. In addition, serum leptin levels were positively correlated with body mass and body fat content, and negatively correlated with BMR and NST. These results suggested that E. miletus apply physiological adjustments to adapt cold and food lacking external environment by reducing body mass, body fat content, and increasing energy metabolism. However, energy intake is insufficient to compensate for the increase in energy requirement due to cold, led to body mass decreased and mortality rate increased. Moreover, serum leptin may acts as a fat signals, and may be involved in the regulation of energy balance and body mass in E. miletus under the cold temperature and food restriction.
The Isoniazid Metabolites Hydrazine and Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Modulate Heme Biosynthesis

In a mouse model, rifampicin and isoniazid combination treatment results in cholestatic liver injury that is associated with an increase in protoporphyrin IX, the penultimate heme precursor. Both ferrochelatase (FECH/Fech) and aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1/Alas1) are crucial enzymes in regulating heme biosynthesis. Isoniazid has recently been reported to upregulate Alas1 but downregulate Fech protein levels in mice; however, the mechanism by which isoniazid mediates disruption of heme synthesis has been unclear. Two metabolites of isoniazid, pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH, the isoniazid-vitamin B6 conjugate) and hydrazine, have been detected in the urine of humans treated with isoniazid. Here we show that, in primary human hepatocytes and the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2/C3A, (1) isoniazid treatment increases Alas1 protein levels but decreases Fech levels; (2) hydrazine treatment upregulates Alas1 protein and Alas1 mRNA levels; (3) PIH treatment decreases Fech protein levels, but not Fech mRNA levels; and (4) PIH is detected after isoniazid treatment, with levels increasing further when exogenous vitamin B6 analogs are coadministered. In addition, the PIH-mediated downregulation of human FECH is associated with iron chelation. Together, these data demonstrate that hydrazine upregulates ALAS1, whereas PIH downregulates FECH, suggesting that the metabolites of isoniazid mediate its disruption of heme biosynthesis by contributing to protoporphyrin IX accumulation.
Time-dependent failure criterion for cemented paste backfills

In this paper, a simple time-dependent failure criterion has been proposed for cemented paste backfills. In addition to curing time, it allows to take into account the binder content that will be responsible for the material strength development. The properties described by this time-dependent criterion are those undrained since the backfilled mine stopes have been categorised as undrained in long term.
Potential microbial candidate strains for management of nutrient requirements of crops

Zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (Pi) are essential for optimum plant growth. Upon application, they get fixed in the soil matrix. Application of more than one microbe for each nutrient is often difficult. Azotobacter (31), Azospirillum (38), Bacillus (19) and Pseudomonas (82) strains were isolated from diverse crop production systems and were evaluated for solubilization of ‘Zn’ and ‘Pi’ in vitro from insoluble zinc (ZnO, ZnCO3) and phosphorus [tricalcium phosphate (TCP)], respectively. After 15 days of incubation, 15 strains solubilized zinc and produced >50 cm 2 solubilization zone on solid media. In broth culture, with ZnO as zinc source, B116 could release maximum available Zn (13.12 ppm) and with ZnCO3, B118 could release highest available Zn (16.3 ppm). Pseudomonas strain PIII-105 released highest available 'Pi' (14.8 ppm) and solubilization of Zn and Pi corresponded with fall in pH of the medium except in case of B116. Two (2) strains of Azospirillum, 6 strains each of Bacillus and Pseudomonas showed a clearance zone area of >50 cm 2 with both Zn sources. Similarly, 2 strains each of Azospirillum and Bacillus and 3 strains of Pseudomonas solubilized TCP. Azospirillum strains As-20, As-22; Bacillus strains B113, B118; and Pseudomonas strains P17, P33 and PIII 105 solubilized both Zn and P sources showing their ability to supplement both essential nutrients to plants. Interestingly, Azospirillum is already known to supplement nitrogen also.
Indiscriminate Friendliness in Children Adopted From China to the United States: A Mixed Methods Study

Indiscriminate friendliness (IF) is a prominent issue with children adopted from China to the United States. Through a mixed methods design, the authors explored four Chinese adoptees’ experiences of IF within their real-life context, investigated potential factors associated with IF, and examined the IF–attachment relationship. This mixed methods study consisted of a qualitative case study of four children adopted from China and a quantitative investigation into IF using a sample of 92 adoptive parents with Chinese adoptees. The qualitative findings revealed crucial propositions related to children’s IF, and the quantitative results provided further evidence to corroborate the qualitative findings. This study reinforced the stance that IF should be treated as a distinct construct from attachment. Researchers and professional counselors can benefit from the results of this study to better serve Chinese adoptive families.
Intensification of rice production systems in southeastern Nigeria: a policy analysis matrix approach.

The Nigerian rice sector has made remarkable improvement in the last decade as production has increased significantly thereby reducing the gap between domestic supply and demand. In the last three decades, rice imports make up greater proportion of Nigerian imports as rice forms a structural component of the Nigerian diet. Past government inconsistent policies were not successful in securing good market share for domestic rice producers, hence producers suffered great losses. The recent resurgence of interest by the present administration to intensify domestic rice production has yielded positive results. The objective of this study is to analyze and assess the costs and benefits of intensification of rice production systems in southeastern Nigeria using a policy analysis matrix approach. Multi Stage sampling technique was employed in selecting 75 upland and 75 lowland rice farmers who were interviewed with structured and validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The result shows that upland; lowland and double rice cropping systems in southeastern Nigeria are profitable based on the policy analysis matrix (PAM) model, and rice production under various systems and technologies is socially profitable and financially competitive. While there exist comparative advantage in the various production systems, with lowland and double cropping being highest, substantial tax was imposed on rice imports in Nigeria and government investment in intensifying rice production had a positive impact on the output of local rice production. The study concludes with strategies for the development of rice sub sector in Nigeria.
Impact of climate change on water resources in a tropical West African catchment using an ensemble of climate simulations

10 Abstract. This study evaluates climate change impacts on water resources using an ensemble of six Regional Climate Models (RCMs)-Global Climate Models (GCMs) in the Dano catchment (Burkina Faso). The applied climate datasets were performed in the framework of the COordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX-Africa) project. After evaluation of the historical runs of the climate models ensemble, a statistical bias correction (Empirical 15 Quantile Mapping) was applied to daily precipitation. Temperature and bias corrected precipitation data from the ensemble of RCMs-GCMs was then used as input for the Water flow and balance Simulation Model (WaSiM) to simulate water balance components. The mean hydrological and climate variables for two periods (1971-2000 and 2021-2050) were compared to assess the potential impact of climate change on water resources up to the middle of the twenty-first century under two 20 greenhouse gas concentration scenarios, the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. The results indicate: (i) a clear signal of temperature increase of about 0.1 to 2.6 °C for all members of the RCMs-GCMs ensemble; (ii) high uncertainty about how the catchment precipitation will evolve over the period 2021-2050; (iii) individual climate models results lead to opposite discharge change signals; (iv) the RCMs-GCMs ensemble average suggests a +7 % increase in annual discharge under RCP4.5 and a -2 % decrease under RCP8.5; (v) the applied bias 25 correction method only affected the magnitude of climate change signal. Therefore, potential increase and decrease of future discharge has to be considered in climate change adaptation strategies in the catchment. The results further underline on the one hand the need for a larger ensemble of projections to properly estimate the impacts of climate change on water resources in the catchment and on the other hand the high uncertainty associated with climate projections for the West African region. An ecohydrological analysis provides further insight into the behavior of 30 the catchment.
Effect of Machining Feed on Surface Roughness in Cutting 6061 Aluminum

The general manufacturing objective during the fabrication of automotive components, particularly through machining, can be stated as the striving to achieve predefined product quality characteristics within equipment, cost and time constraints. The current state of the economy and the consequent market pressure has forced vehicle manufacturers to simultaneously reduce operating expenses along with further improving product quality. This paper examines the achievability of surface roughness specifications within efforts to reduce automotive component manufacture cycle time, particularly by changing cutting feeds. First, the background and attractiveness of aluminum as a lightweight automotive material is discussed. Following this, the methodologies employed for the prediction of surface roughness in machining are presented. The factors affecting surface roughness as well as practical techniques for its improvement through optimizing machining parameters are discussed next. Emphasis is placed on portraying the dominance of feed on surface quality over other controllable machining parameters, thus substantiating the motivation for this study. Controlled milling experiments show the relationship between feed and surface quality for 6061 aluminum, and the results are used to recommend machining practices for cycle time reduction while maintaining quality requirements.
Prolonged consumption of energy drinks does not affect the processes of memory, and increases the activity of transaminases, and cholesterol concentration – animal model study results

Background. the consumption of energy drinks (ed) is popular among young people. there are concerns that it could be harmful for their health. Objectives. the aim of the study was to analyze the influence of ed consumption on animals for 30 subsequent days on memory, weight gain and biochemical parameters (alanine transaminase-aLt, asparagine transaminase-ast, creatinine, cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin-Hba1c). Material and methods. the study was conducted on 32 mice (16 females and 16 males). the mice received standard feed for rodents ad libitum. the animals were randomly assigned to four groups (8 animals each): i – female controls provided with water ad libitum, ii – females provided with ED ad libitum, iii – male controls provided with water, and iV – males provided with ed. every 7 days memory retention in a passive avoidance task, and fresh spatial memory in a Y-maze were checked. the results were analyzed with statistica 10.0. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. the consumption of ed did not affect fresh spatial memory or memory retention in the experiment. Males drinking ed gained weight at a faster rate than control males. ed significantly increased the activity of ast in the blood sera of females and, to a lesser degree, of aLt in both males and females drinking ed. ed did not significantly affect the concentration of creatinine or Hba1c, but significantly increased the concentration of cholesterol in the blood of males from group iV. Conclusions. the prolonged consumption of ed does not affect memory processes, but increases the activity of transaminases and cholesterol concentration in blood sera in the mice model.
Ignorance or integration: the cognitive processes underlying choice behavior

The fast-and-frugal heuristic framework assumes noncompensatory tools for human preferences (i.e., priority heuristic) and inferences (i.e., take the best heuristic). According to this framework, these heuristics predict choice behavior as well as model the cognitive processes underlying such behavior. The current paper presents two studies that juxtapose predictions derived from these two simple heuristics with alternative predictions derived from compensatory principles. Dependent measures that included reaction time, choice pattern, confidence level, and accuracy were better predicted by compensatory indices than by noncompensatory indices. These findings suggest that people do not rely on limited arguments only, but tend to integrate all acquired information into their choice processes. This tendency was replicated even when the experimental task facilitated the use of noncompensatory principles. We argue that the fast and frugal heuristics can predict the final outcome only under certain conditions, but even in these particular situations they are not applicable to the processes underlying choice behavior. An integrative model for choice behavior is proposed that better represents the data. Copyright # 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.