Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative study of Translation of Animal-Related Words in English, Portuguese and Persian

Maria Teresa Roberto Department of Language and Culture University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal ABSTRACT The study aimed to illustrate how exploring the origins of metaphors contribute in a better understanding of the nature of metaphors and, thus, in preventing mistranslation. In translation of animal personification, where the metaphoric meanings of animals in the source language (SL) are different from or contradictory to those in the target language (TL), the translators usually choose a different animal in the target text (TT) whose characteristics match the ones attributed to it in the source text (ST). The task becomes more complicated in translation of Animal Farm (Orwell, 1945) (the present study), where the image of some animals is different even between the SL and the ST. Accordingly, different translation strategies were proposed depending on the relationship between the SL, the ST, and the TL. We studied personification in three languages of Persian as a high-context culture, Portuguese as a low context-culture, and English as a lower-context culture language in comparison with the Portuguese. We tried to examine if the degree of context culture between languages involved in translation influences the degree of differences in personification of the animals in theses languages. The proposed translation strategies were based on the premise that a translator in normal circumstances would go through these translational phases. However, this study (translation of Animal Farm) revealed that theory cannot bring about a satisfactory answer to all the translation problems. Because theories are descriptive and each text is singularly different from the other and nothing can be deemed wholly predictable in terms of translation.
Nano-particle assembled porous core – shell ZnMn 2 O 4 microspheres with superb performance for lithium batteries

Silicon (Si) has a large theoretical capacity of 4200mAhg and has great potential as a highperformance anode material for Li ion batteries(LIBs). Meanwhile, nanostructures can exploit the potential of Si and, accordingly, many zero-dimensional (0D) and one-dimensional (1D) Si nanostructures have been studied. Herein, we report on two-dimensional (2D) Si nanostructures, Si nanosheets (SiNSs), as anodes for LIBs. These 2D Si nanostructures, with a thickness as low 5 nm and widths of several micrometers, show reversible crystalline–amorphous phase transformations with the lithi-/delithiation by the dimensionality of morphology and large surface area. The reversible crystalline–amorphous phase transformation provides a structural stability of Li insertions and makes SiNSs promising candidates for reliable high-performance LIBs anode materials. Supplementary material for this article is available online
Constrained Optimal Stopping Problems Thesis Formulation Report For the Degree of MRes in Statistical Applied Mathematics

Constrained optimal stopping problems have been approached in recent literature by transforming the problem into either an unconstrained problem, using Lagrange multipliers, or into a stochastic optimal control problem, by introducing an auxiliary process. We focus on the second approach here and explore a wider class of stochastic optimal control problems and their corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman PDEs. We also propose a relationship between constrained optimal stopping problems, Monge-Ampère equations, martingale optimal transport and Skorokhod embedding.
ASSESSMENT OF METHODS FOR OUTLIER DETECTION AND TREATMENT IN FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

In the framework of the development of the guidelines for flood flow assessment in Serbia, the outlier detection procedures and their consequent treatment are investigated. The outcomes of different methods are analysed in terms of both detected outliers and estimated flood quantiles using data from 68 hydrologic stations in Serbia. Three different tests are applied which are commonly proposed in the outlier detection procedures and which are all based on the assumption of normally distributed samples (original or after transformation). The tests identified the same series with outliers, but the number of outliers differs from test to test. Removal of low outliers from the sample has a significant impact on the resulting flood frequency and quantiles. The log-Pearson type III and the log-normal distributions are highly sensitive to presence of low outliers, while the general extreme value distribution is not. It is also concluded that these tests are not appropriate for flood data that cannot be assumed to be log-normally distributed (or normal after some other transformation).
Investigating the Applicability of Critical Pedagogy Principles among Iranian EFL Teachers : From Theory to Practice

Critical pedagogy is derived from critical thinking which is considered as a postmodern approach and a newly developed paradigm in thinking about education. Critical pedagogy (CP) provides recommendations and guidelines to account for social relations and injustice in human education. This study aimed at elaborating on ILI language teachers’ awareness of critical pedagogy components and the extent to which they can employ these issues in their teaching experience. To this end, 100 language teachers teaching English at Iran Language Institute (ILI) were chosen randomly to participate in the study. Since this was a mixed design study, the data gathered through CP questionnaire and the interview phase threw lights on some significant facts in this regard. The researcher made use of various statistical procedures such as descriptive statistics, factor analysis, as well as grounded theory in order to analyze both quantitative and qualitative data. Results revealed that although majority of the instructors in ILI seem to be aware of critical pedagogy principles, they do not feel free to implement them in their language classes due to some obstacles of which the topdown and centralized educational systems were known to be the most significant one. Moreover, it was revealed that obstacles in implementing CP principles in language classes will not prepare students to get familiar with these issues.
Kinetics of Oxidation of myo-Inositol by Potassium Periodate in Alkaline Medium †

myo-Inositol is a six-member carbon ring polyol that is synthesized by both eukaryotes and prokaryote. Inositol occurs in animal tissues in both free and combined forms. myoInositol and its various biochemical derivatives are widely distributed in mammalian tissues, higher plants, fungi and some bacteria, where they are important in many crucial cellular compounds, including those involved in signal transduction such as phosphatidylinositol phosphates and myo-inositol phosphates gene expression, auxin perception and phosphorus storage, membrane tethering and oligosaccharide synthesis. Oxidation of inositol was studied by different oxidants like alkaline hexacynofrrate(III) ion in presence of Osmium (VIII), vanadium(V) in acid medium in absence and presence of copper (II), periodate, periodic acid. Since the periodate ion is a large and negatively charged entity that is unlikely to permeate membranes passively at lower temperatures, glycoinositol phospholipids at the cell surface were detected by sodium periodate oxidation reaction and hence used for topological studies. In view of the biological importance of inositol and its derivatives oxidation by periodate, it was decided to study the oxidation of inositol by periodate in aqueous alkaline medium and for the purpose of comparison, reactions were also carried out in acid medium. Kinetics of Oxidation of myo-Inositol by Potassium Periodate in Alkaline Medium†
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS OF SOTALIA DOLPHINS

Molecular markers have the potential to disclose genetic variation and provide clues on macro and microevolutionary issues. The taxonomic and phylogenetic status of species lie within the realm of macroevolution while intraspecific matters, such as geographic population structure, social organisation and mating system, pertain to microevolution. This chapter describes the findings on the molecular systematics and ecology of Sotalia dolphins, and is divided in two sections, each focusing on one of those topics.The first section shows how molecular markers have helped to settle the issue of species composition within the genus Sotalia – a matter of debate for over 140 years. To explain the controversy, a brief history of taxonomic changes in the genus since the first species descriptions is included. In addition, the section also makes phylogenetic considerations and discusses the timing of the speciation between the two accepted Sotalia species.The second section deals with the molecular ecology of Sotalia, presenting results and prospects of studies on population structure, phylogeography and social structure. Although many studies are still underway, some important findings have already been produced. The section also includes comments on new analytical developments that promise to widen our knowledge on those issues. The two sections close with a discussion of the relevance of results for the conservation and management of Sotalia species. At least two important results stem from molecular systematics and ecology studies of Sotalia dolphins, both with immediate application to their conservation. At the end of the chapter there is a presentation of the prospects for new discoveries in these fields in the near future.
iNEMI PB-FREE ALLOY CHARACTERIZATION PROJECT REPORT : PART III-THERMAL FATIGUE RESULTS FOR LOW-AG ALLOYS

The electronics industry continues to experience an expansion of Pb-free solder alloy choices beyond the common near-eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) alloys, most of which have reduced Ag content. The increased availability of additional Pb-free alloys provides end users opportunities to address acknowledged deficiencies created by the high Ag content of near-eutectic alloys, such as poor mechanical performance under drop, shock, and bend loading, among others. Conversely, the availability of new alloys often precedes a comprehensive performance assessment of those alloys, which introduces a variety of assembly quality and reliability risks. The full impact of most new alloys on overall printed circuit assembly (PCA) reliability has yet to be determined, particularly with respect to thermal fatigue, a well-known wear-out mechanism. Thermal fatigue combined with solder creep is considered a major source of failure of surface mount (SMT) components. Specifically, there is concern that the low Ag alloys will not have fatigue resistance adequate to support critical, high reliability applications. The Pb-Free Alloy Characterization Program sponsored by the International Electronics Manufacturing Initiative (iNEMI) is conducting an extensive investigation using accelerated thermal cycling (ATC) to evaluate BGA thermal fatigue performance of 12 commercial or developmental Pbfree solder alloys. The test program also includes eutectic Sn-Pb solder samples to complete the reliability comparisons. Most of the Pb-free alloys contain less Ag than the near-eutectic SAC alloys (3-4%Ag). This paper presents the initial findings from a subset of the iNEMI thermal cycling test matrix derived from only the lower Ag alloys, containing 1 wt. % or less Ag. Data are presented for two different BGA components and comparisons of results are made among multiple temperature cycles. Thermal cycling variables include different cyclic temperature ranges (T) and temperature extremes. The failure data are reported as characteristic life  (number of cycles to 63.2% failure) and slope  from a two-parameter Weibull analysis. The ATC data are discussed in terms of the alloy composition and the initial microstructures. The relative performance of the various alloys under multiple ATC conditions, and how this may impact acceleration behavior, is discussed.
Peptic ulcer disease — pharmacological treatment

Adefinitive diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) can only be made by performing an endoscopy. Most patients in the hospital setting will have been referred for endoscopy because they have one or more alarm symptoms (see p242). Patients who have not had PUD confirmed by endoscopy should be managed as for undiagnosed dyspepsia. The two treatment strategies for undiagnosed dyspepsia are either a month of empirical proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy or testing for and treating Helicobacter pylori. Treatment of undiagnosed dyspepsia is described in more detail in the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence clinical guideline on dyspepsia.
ASSESSMENT OF VARIABILITY IN GRASS PEA GERMPLASM USING-ODAP CONTENT AND SEED PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a nutritious food and fodder crop. It can withstand unfavorable climatic conditions making it suitable for cultivation in wide range of environments. This work evaluated variations among fifty grass pea accessions collected from different geographic locations of Ethiopia for their β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) content, a neurotoxic amino acid, and assessed the diversity among them using seed storage protein profiles. The content of the antinutritional factor β-ODAP varied from 0.21% to 0.55% with a mean value of 0.36%. Six accessions showed medium level of β-ODAP (0.21-0.28%). These accessions could be potential sources for selecting and breeding grass pea verities with safe β-ODAP level. Further analysis of accessions with medium level of β-ODAP content on single plant basis might result in revealing promising lines that could be used for crop improvement. Seed protein electrophoresis resulted in 27 reproducible bands. The average gene diversity estimate (hs) was 0.192 and it ranged from 0.166 to 0.220. Cluster analysis based on genetic similarities grouped the analysed samples irrespective of their geographic origin suggesting accessions from different origins might have similar genetic background. The mean differentiation value (θ =0.09 ± 0.008) indicated that most of the total variation comes from within accession variation. The observed level of heterozygosity using seed storage proteins implicated the potential of these markers for genetic diversity assessment in Ethiopian genetic materials.
The Effect of Zinc Composition in Melting Point and Microstructure of Lead-Free Solder

The issues to substitute Tin-Lead Solders revolves around the health and environmental hazards of lead, and also legislative actions around the world, so the research community attempt to replace solder alloys for the traditional Sn-Pb alloys As traditional industry lead has been used in soldering materials for electronic applications and it has low melting point and soft, malleable nature, when combined with tin at the eutectic composition gives an alloy which flows easily in the liquid state and solidifies over a very small range of temperature. One of the potentially candidate to replace tin-lead solder is Sn-Zn eutectic alloy it has lower melting temperature. Consequently, it is of interest to determine what reactions can occur in ternary systems derived from the Sn-Zn eutectic. One such system is Cu-Sn-Zn.The specimen was analyzed by Shimadzu XRD. The results show that the increasing of Zinc content will increase the melting temperature. Increasing the content of Zn on Sn-Cu alloys will decease Cu3Sn intermetallic coumpound. IndexTerm-Co Tin-lead,Ternary, Zinc, Eutectic,
ETHNOMEDICINAL UTILIZATION OF WILD EDIBLE VEGETABLES IN DISTRICT HARNAI OF BALOCHISTAN PROVINCE-PAKISTAN

Wild edible plants have a tremendous influence on human being even before civilization. These plants contain considerably high nutritional value. Present survey was conducted to explore edible wild vegetables species and their ethnomedicinal uses by the inhabitants of district Harnai, Balochistan, Pakistan. Information was obtained through informed free listing interviews with randomly selected informants and field interviews with key informants selected after free listing. A total of 59 wild edible vegetables belonging to 41 genera, 59 species and 20 plant families are used not only as vegetables and salads but treatment of various diseases The most common plant families in terms of the number of species are the Brassicaceae (10 species), Apiaceae (9 species) and Asteraceae (6 species). The most common parts of the plants used as vegetables and medicine are their leaves (44.45%) and whole plant (22.22%). Plants are often used as decoction (34%), powder (26%). Highest plants species are used for gastrointestinal diseases (45 species). Highest ICF value (0.4) was recorded for dermatological disorders category. 100% fidelity level was found for two plant species i.e., Descurainia sophia, and Caralluma tuberculata. The highest use value was reported for the Lepidium sativum (0.63). Highest RFC value was calculated for Caralluma tuberculata (0.14). Highest use report was calculated for three species Apium graveolens Lepidium sativum and Mentha longifolia, (7 UR for each). The highest FIV was calculated for family Brassicaceae (14 FIV). Our study reveals that plants are still used as a major source of food like vegetables as well as medicine for the local people. Too little or no information is available on their uses, cooking methods and nutritional and physiotherapeutic values. Necessary steps should be taken to perform phytochemical and pharmacological studies to explore the potential nutritional values and herbal drug discovery of such plants.
G2019S Variation in LRRK2: An Ideal Model for the Study of Parkinson’s Disease?

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and has plagued humans for more than 200 years. The etiology and detailed pathogenesis of PD is unclear, but is currently believed to be the result of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Studies have found that PD patients with the LRRK2:G2019S variation have the typical clinical manifestations of PD, which may be familial or sporadic, and have age-dependent pathogenic characteristics. Therefore, the LRRK2:G2019S variation may be an ideal model to study the interaction of multiple factors such as genetic, environmental and natural aging factors in PD in the future. This article reviewed the progress of LRRK2:G2019S studies in PD research in order to provide new research ideas and directions for the pathogenesis and treatment of PD.
Myocardial contrast echocardiography – Use in viability assessment and acute myocardial infarction

Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is now guideline-directed tool to assess myocardial perfusion both at rest and during stress. Its prognostic value has been established in the scenario of stable and unstable coronary artery disease and heart failure through assessment of myocardial ischemia, myocardial viability, coronary flow reserve, and microvascular dysfunction. We will discuss the pathophysiologic basis of MCE and its role in myocardial viability assessment both in the setting of chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction and acute myocardial infarction.
Estimation of Absorbed Dose of the Thyroid Gland in Patients Undergoing 64-Slice Head Computed Tomography and Comparison the Results with ImPACT Software and Computed Tomography Scan Dose Index

Thyroid exposure to radiation in brain computed tomography (CT) scan is of great value since it is considered as a vital organ. This study aimed to investigate the absorbed dose of thyroid by various protocols of head CT in patients referring to 64-slice CT scan center and to compare the values with the calculated dose by imaging performance and assessment of CT (ImPACT) method. Also, the values of CT scan dose index (CTDI) were calculated with semiconductor detector. In this cross-sectional study, 120 outpatients including three groups of forty individuals over 40 years old referring to the hospital radiology centers in Tehran for head CT were chosen and 3 thermo-luminescence dosimeter (TLD-GR200) were applied on thyroid gland of each patient. For brain CT, Absorbed and effective doses of thyroid gland were calculated by ImPACT software. In addition, semiconductor detector in head CTDI phantom calculated CTDI for the applied protocols. Mean effective dose of thyroid gland in brain scan group was calculated by TLD and ImPACT software which showed no significant difference (P < 0.001). Mean effective dose of thyroid gland in unidirectional and bi-directional sinus scan by TLD and ImPACT software were different significantly (P < 0.001). Also, the differences between CTDI values shown by brain and sinus scan protocol with semiconductor detector and those CTDI were significant (P < 0.001). The calculated values of absorbed dose and effective doses of thyroid by TLD and ImPACT software were not significantly different. Mean effective dose calculated for thyroid gland in head scans by TLD and ImPACT was less than the annual permissive level for thyroid gland suggested by International Committee on Radiological Protection. In this study, calculated values of thyroid effective dose in brain scan with 64-slice scanner were less than the calculated values in a similar study.
Particle Creation and Thermal Aspects of Viscous Generalized Cosmic Chaplygin Gas

We investigate the particle creation, as well as the thermodynamics phenomenon of viscous generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas as a cosmic fluid by assuming the flat FRW universe. For this purpose, we extract various parameters such as the energy density ( ρ ) , Hubble parameter ( H ) , declaration parameter ( q ) , temperature ( T f ) , and particle number density ( n ) in the presence of three different models of the particle creation rate ( Γ ). We discuss the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics and thermal equilibrium condition under three models of Γ and discuss the graphical behavior of above-mentioned terms.
Development of Novel Topical Cosmeceutical Formulations from Nigella sativa L. with Antimicrobial Activity against Acne-Causing Microorganisms

Acne vulgaris occurs due to the inflammation of sebaceous follicles in the skin. It is triggered by the activity of some bacterial species like Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Acquisition of antibiotic resistance by these microorganisms and adverse effects associated with the current treatment regimens necessitate the introduction of novel therapeutic agents for acne vulgaris. Thus, this study was undertaken to develop novel gel formulations from seeds of Nigella sativa L. and to evaluate the antibacterial potential against some acne-causing bacterial species. The antibacterial activity of seed extracts was initially screened against S. aureus and P. acnes by the agar well diffusion method. Thereafter, topical gels were formulated incorporating the ethyl acetate extract of seeds of N. sativa at three different concentrations. These topical formulations were subjected to antimicrobial activity studies while the stability was evaluated over a period of 30 days. All three formulations were capable of inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and P. acnes, with the highest antibacterial activity in the formulation comprising 15% of the seed extract. Interestingly, the antibacterial potency of this formulation against S. aureus surpassed the commercial synthetic product used as the positive control. Moreover, any alteration in color, odor, homogeneity, washability, consistency, and pH was not observed while the antibacterial potency was also retained during the storage period. The potent antibacterial activity in topical gel formulations developed from the ethyl acetate extract of N. sativa signposts their suitability as alternatives to existing antiacne agents in the management of acne vulgaris.