Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CD 138 ( Syndecan-1 ) in thymic tumors : correlation with various World Health Organization types and clinical outcome

We intended to explore the relationship of CD138 with thymic tumors. A series of 64 thymic tumors were studied. Positive staining was seen in 7 of 8 (87.5%) type A, 7 of 16 (43.7%) type AB, 1 of 8 (12.5%) type B1, 1 of 5 (20%) type B2, 10 of 17 (58.8%) type B3, and 3 of 10 (30%) type C (p=0.04), respectively. In terms of subcellular location of CD138 expression, 9 of 10 (90%) CD138 positive type B3 had membranous expression, while cytoplasmic expression was identified in 7 of 7 (100%) type A, and 6 of 7 (86%) type AB (p<0.0001). Positive CD138 was noted in 20 of 31 (64.5%) cases with Masaoka stage I (p= 0.01); while negative CD138 was seen in 24 of 33 (72.7%) cases with Masaoka stages (II-IV). Tumor recurred in 4 cases (7%), all of which had negative CD138 (p=0.008). Our study suggests that CD138 could be used as an ancillary study to differentiate between WHO types. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that advanced stage-thymic tumors as well as those with high recurrence rate tend to display a reduced expression of CD138. However, more studies with larger cohort and longer follow-up are warranted to validate the clinical utility of CD138 to assess clinical behavior and prognosis of thymic tumors.
Donor and Grantor Reactions to CEO Compensation in Nonprofit Organizations

Nonprofit organizations often rely on donations and grants to accomplish their mission. This study examines whether nonprofit organizations with high CEO compensation receive less in donor and grantor support compared to nonprofit organizations with lower CEO compensation. I find strong evidence that both donors and grantors give less to organizations that spend a larger percentage of total expenses on total CEO compensation. I also find that the reactions of donors and grantors differ based on the type of CEO compensation. While donors and grantors react to CEO base compensation, grantors also react to other CEO compensation and nontaxable benefits. In additional tests, I find strong evidence that the negative reaction of donors and grantors is stronger when organizations have more sophisticated donors and grantors. I also find that the relation between future contributions and CEO compensation is stronger in organizations that are more reliant on contributions as a source of revenue. I do not find any evidence that the reporting of CEO compensation expense as program related, management, or fundraising has any effect on how donors and grantors respond to the percentage of expenses spent on CEO compensation. I also do not find that the CEO serving on the board of directors changes how donors and grantors respond to CEO compensation. Overall, my results suggest high compensation to CEOs of nonprofit organizations can have adverse consequences to an organization through reduced funding from donors and grantors.
Role of the demographic factors in the process of hotel information systems adoption.

With the ever changing business environment of more and innovative competitors, information technologies (ITs) have become a strategic tool for attaining competitive advantages in organizations. Th e hospitality sector also extensively relies on the hotel information systems (HISs) to improve their organizational outputs. HISs being up to the expectations of the stakeholders have a great potential in achieving higher levels of service quality and satisfaction with lower costs. Hence, it should be taken into account the roles of the factors infl uencing intention to use (IU) of an information system (HIS) before any such system is applied. Th en this study attempts to examine the impact of the demographic factors on employees' beliefs and intentions of usage related to HISs in the fi ve star hotels context in Turkey. For this assessment, a modifi ed version of the technology acceptance model (TAM) extended with the gender (GEN), age (AGE) and level of education (EDU) variables had been used. Although the aff ects of demographic variables on TAM constructs were partially approved, this study indicates that demographic variables will be able to be a helpful tool for managers in better understanding the technology acceptance process, and in decision making process for the right choice of HISs.
Adoption of Electronic Commerce Technologies by SMEs in Malaysia

Electronic commerce (EC) offers many benefits to organizations of any size including small to medium- sized enterprises (SMEs). At this stage, there is still a need for a better understanding of the potential and relevance of EC in developing countries as well as the behaviour of SMEs towards EC adoption. Moreover, there is still a need for a holistic view of how various widely known factors at the organization, industry and national levels affect EC adoption. Therefore, this study proposes a theoretical model of EC technologies adoption by SMEs in developing countries by incorporating various readiness factors identified in the literature that may determine EC technologies adoption by SMEs in developing countries. It then explores the influence of these factors on the adoption of different EC technologies. The environmental pressure is also considered in this study. Through a survey of SMEs within the grocery industry in Malaysia as an example of a developing country, the study demonstrates how various readiness factors influence the adoption of various EC technologies differently. This study provides additional insights into EC adoption by SMEs in developing countries and has important implications for research and practice.
Rapid analysis of gene expression changes caused by liver carcinogens and chemopreventive agents using a newly developed three‐dimensional microarray system

We investigated changes of gene expression in livers of rats treated with carcinogens and tumor promoters using a novel three‐dimensional microarray system developed by Olympus Optical Co., Ltd., to assess the feasibility of predicting modifying effects on hepatocarcinogenesis on the basis of changes in the patterns. For this purpose, two genotoxic carcinogens, two nongenotoxic carcinogens (promoters) and seven candidate chemopreventive agents were examined. Six‐week‐old male F344 rats were treated for 2 weeks with the 11 chemicals (0.05% phenobarbital, 0.3% clofibrate, 0.01% N‐diethylnitrosamine (DEN), 0.01% 2‐amino‐3, 8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 1% catechol, 1% caffeic acid, 0.05% nobiletin, 0.05% garcinol, 0.05% auraptene, 0.05% zermbone and 0.05% 1′‐acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA). Test chemicals were mixed in food with the exception of DEN, which was administered in drinking water. RNAs from liver were then analyzed using two kinds of customized microarrays (PamChip® microarray A spotted for 28 genes of drugmetabolizing enzymes in duplicate, and PamChip® microarray B spotted for 131 genes which are known to be up‐ or down‐regulated in hepatocarcinoma cells). Hybridization and subsequent analysis were usually completed within 2 h and the data obtained were highly reproducible. Carcinogens were classified into genotoxic and nongenotoxic substances by clustering analysis. We could also divide test chemicals into carcinogens and chemopreventive agents from their effects on gene expression. In this study, we have thus shown that it is feasible to predict the modifying effects of chemicals on the basis of changes of gene expression patterns after only 2 weeks of exposure, using our novel three‐dimensional microarrays.
PREDICTION IN VERY PRETERM INFANTS OF SATISFACTORY NEURODEVELOPMENTAL PROGRESS AT 12 MONTHS

This study was performed to find out how well ultrasound brain‐scanning and neurological examination of very preterm infants, together and separately, predicted normal neurodevelopmental progress at 12 months corrected age. 111 infants born at less than 33 weeks gestation were scanned at discharge from the neonatal unit, and neurological examinations were performed at a gestation‐equivalent age at or near term. During the first year of life repeated neurological and developmental testing was carried out. At 12 months a diagnosis of normal progress or of major or minor neurodevelopmental disorders was made. 56 (50 per cent) infants with both a favourable ultrasound scan and normal neurological findings had a 98 per cent (90 to 99 per cent) probability of normal progress at 12 months, and a 100 per cent (93 to 100 per cent) probability of having no major disorder. Separately, ultrasound scanning and neurological examination were not such good as predictors of normal outcome, although they selected larger groups of infants with high probabilities of progressing normally. Ultrasound brain‐scanning and neurological examination can be used in combination to identify potentially normal preterm infants when they are discharged to their homes.
High expression of ERCC1, FLT1, NME4 and PCNA associated with poor prognosis and advanced stages in myelodysplastic syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) represents a good model for research of prognostic/progression markers due to frequent transformation into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We analysed expression profiles of 26 MDS and 6 AML patients using cDNA arrays comprising 588 gene probes. The array data were validated in a larger set of 46 patients by qRT-PCR. Data analysis identified differently expressed genes in MDS and the cluster of four genes (ERCC1, FLT1, NME4 and PCNA) whose expression was correlated with MDS subtypes. High expression of these genes was associated with poor prognosis and/or unfavorable outcome. Furthermore, PCNA expression was correlated with peripheral blood blast percentage (r = 0.71, p < 0.05), while the other genes showed non-significant correlation. Our findings demonstrate the progressive up-regulation of the genes along the sequence of 5q-syndrome/RCMD/RAEB/de novo AML, suggesting their association with disease progression.
ANALISIS PENGARUH INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL TERHADAP ISLAMIC FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE INDEX BANK SYARIAH

This research is meant to find out the influence of intellectual capital to the financial performance of Syariah Bank in Indonesia. The dependent variable is carried out by using financial performanceof Syariah Bank based on the Islamic Financial Performance Index. The independent variable is carried out by using intellectual capital ismeasured by using Pulicmodel which is VAIC (Value Added Intellectual Coefficient). The sample of this research is Syariah Bank i.e. Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) which is listed in Indonesia Bank in 2010-2014. The sample has been selected by using purposive sampling method and it obtains 10 unit banks and 5 years of observations thenbecomes 50 research samples. The Pulic model of VAIC (Value Added Intellectual Coefficient – VAIC) is used as the efficiency size on the component of intellectual capital; physical capital coefficient (VACA), human capital coefficient (VAHU), and structural capital coefficient (STVA). The analysis research has been done by using partial least square. The result of this research shows that intellectual capital has significant influence to the Islamic financial performance index and it is able to predict the Islamic Financial Performance Index in the future. Besides, the average of intellectual capital (ROGIC) growth also has significant influence to the Islamic financial performance index in the future. Keywords: Intellectual Capital, VAIC, Syariah Accounting, Performance of Syariah Bank
An Investigation on Exhaustion of SAP ERP Users: Influence of Pace of Change and Technostress

Despite recent growing research interest on ERP research, the understanding on ERP induced exhaustion is still limited. This study examines how the pace of change of ERP functionalities and interface causes exhaustion in workplace. For this purpose, we conducted an investigation on 128 ERP users from two different organizations in Bangladesh. We extended theory of technostress by integrating pace of change of ERP system. Result suggests that pace of change on ERP system significantly affect work-overload, work-life conflict and role ambiguity on ERP users. Result also shows that work-overload and role ambiguity are strong predictors for ERP induced exhaustion.
Intermolecular duplexes formed from polyadenylylated vaccinia virus RNA

Approximately 15% of the polyadenylic acid-containing cytoplasmic RNA labeled from 5 to 7 h after vaccinia virus infection formed intermolecular duplex structures characterized as double-stranded RNA by RNase resistance, density in Cs2SO4, base composition, chromatography on cellulose, and ability to inhibit reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesis. Both sucrose gradient sedimentation and electron microscopic analysis indicated that the double-stranded regions were several hundred to more than a thousand nucleotide base pairs long. The double-stranded RNA, after denaturation, hybridized to approximately 25% of the vaccinia virus genome, whereas total late RNA hybridized to 42%. The finding that the duplex RNA, after denaturation, hybridized to most HindIII restriction endonuclease fragments of vaccinia virus DNA indicated that symmetrical transcription is not confined to the terminal inverted repeat sequence or to one contiguous region of the genome. Although relatively little labeled, early, polyadenylic acid-containing RNA formed RNase-resistant hybrids upon self-annealing, the percentage increased upon addition of unlabeled late RNA, indicating that the latter contains "anti-early" sequences.
Economic Evaluation of Epilepsy Treatment: A Review of the Literature

Summary: This article provides an overview of methods used and findings from economic analyses in epilepsy. Cost‐effectiveness studies have evaluated different drugs for monotherapy and add‐on therapy, and compared alternative treatment modalities for refractory epilepsy. The methodological characteristics of these studies are examined, and their results are compared and interpreted. Health outcome measures are defined and data sources described. Methods for assessing the direct and indirect costs, and/or cost savings, with a treatment's use, are explored. Directions for future research are identified and discussed.
[Levels of melatonin in serum of patients with retinitis pigmentosa].

PURPOSE To elucidate melatonin secretion through the pineal gland in patients with night blindness. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood samples for melatonin RIA assay were taken from 14 patients at 8 o'clock a.m. and p.m. , before and after 3 weeks therapy with Trental, Cocarboxylase and vitamin B12. RESULTS Usual rhythm of melatonin secretion was demonstrated. The applied treatment influenced melatonin secretion in the youngest group of patients. CONCLUSION Damage of the photoreceptors in the retina affects melatonin secretion and its circadian rhythm.
Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Open and Distance Learning

The purpose of this chapter is to argue that all open and distance learning (ODL) institutions should carry out quality assurance and accreditation processes in order for students and funders to have confidence in them. It also explains in detail what quality assurance and accreditation entails in ODL. This chapter follows a qualitative approach in understanding quality assurance and accreditation in ODL. Data were collected via literature review. During recent decades, the discourse and practices of systematic quality assurance and quality control have spread around the world, resulting to a great extent in market-based models related to the ideology and policy of neo-liberalism and expressed in economic rationalities such as new public management, total quality management, public choice, and human capital. Quality assurance and accreditation in ODL aims to maintain and raise the quality of education and to guarantee the improvement of its standards.
Comparing Flexibility: Flexible Firms in a Cross-National Perspective

Social and economic changes in all industrial societies during the past quarter century (such as the increase in women’s labor force participation and greater diversity in labor markets, growth in international and price competition in product markets, rapid developments in technology, and corporate financial restructuring in capital markets) have underscored the need for organizations to have greater flexibility in their human resource management (HRM) practices and employee relations systems. Employers and societies have responded to these changes by seeking two main kinds of flexibility. First, functional or internal flexibility refers to the ability of employers to redeploy their workers from one task to another. This is facilitated by the use of “high performance work systems” that empower workers to participate in decision-making, enable them to work in teams, and enhance their ability to work in a variety of jobs (see Appelbaum and Batt 1994; Osterman 2000; Gittleman 1999; Wood 1999). Second, numerical or external flexibility refers to the organization’s ability to adjust the size of its workforce to fluctuations in demand. While organizations can obtain numerical flexibility by asking or requiring their regular, full-time employees to work overtime, such flexibility is more often accomplished by using workers who are not their regular, full-time employees such as short-term hires, temporary help agency employees and contract company workers. These are often labeled nonstandard workers and may include both high skilled (e.g., consultants and indeComparing Flexibility: Flexible Firms in a Cross-National Perspective
Visual Evoked Potentials Under Luminance Contrast and Color Contrast Stimulation in Glaucoma Diagnosis

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of visual evoked potential (VEP) assessment with luminance‐contrast and color‐contrast stimulation in the detection of glaucoma. Patients and Methods: The study included 59 patients (96 eyes) with glaucomatous changes of the optic disc and visual field defects and 58 control eyes of 29 healthy patients. Four types of pattern VEP stimulation (0.9 cycle/degree) were performed in all patients: achromatic, alternating sine‐wave stripe pattern: 6 reversals per second, contrast of 10% (activation of predominantly the magnocellular pathway); isoluminant, red‐green stripe pattern: 83.3 milliseconds onset, 83.3 milliseconds offset, contrast of 30% and 80% (activation of predominantly the parvocellular pathway); and blue grating with yellow background adaptation: 200 milliseconds onset, 500 milliseconds offset (activation of the blue‐sensitive pathway). Results: The glaucoma group and the control group differed significantly (P < 0.01) in the peak times of all chromatic VEP responses and to a lesser degree in the achromatic VEP. Considering the amplitudes, only the low‐contrast red‐green stimulus showed a statistically significant reduction in glaucoma. At a predefined specificity of 90%, in separating patients with glaucoma from healthy control subjects, the peak time of the blue‐yellow VEP had a high sensitivity (90%), whereas the sensitivity of the achromatic VEP was low (31%). The red‐green VEP showed a sensitivity of 73% using low contrast and 71% using high contrast. In a paired correlation analysis with visual field defects, all stimulations showed significant (P < 0.05) results. Correlation coefficients were highest (R = 0.79, P < 0.01) for the peak time of the blue‐yellow VEP. Conclusions: VEP measurements with presumable stimulation of single neuronal pathways can detect glaucomatous optic nerve damage in a considerable fraction of patients with visual field loss. Occipital responses to chromatic stimulation seem to be more sensitive to glaucoma damages than do responses to achromatic pattern reversal stimulation.
Goods and Services Tax (GST): Challenges Faced by Business Operators in Malaysia

The objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting business operators’ awareness on the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) and the perceived issues and problems they may likely encounter with the implementation of GST in Malaysia. Questionnaires were distributed to 302 registered members (business operators) of three Chambers of Commerce in Melaka. The findings of this study show that more than 70% of the respondents are aware of the GST mechanism and issues. The majority of the respondents also agreed that to comply with GST legislations, business operators need to have sufficient knowledge on appropriate and adequate documentation thus leading to increased compliance costs.
Cost of Capital and Profitability Analysis (a Case Study of Telecommunication Industry)

Finance is the supply of funds, which regulates the activities and operations of the industry. Adequate finance is required besides the requirement of fixed and working capital for undertaking the program of extension, reorganization or expansion. Finance regulates the activities and operations of the industry. Adequate finance is required besides the requirement of fixed and working capital for undertaking the program of extension, reorganization or expansion. There are various source of raising funds. Since, now-a-days market is open, so both domestic and international market are available for procuring the funds. Finance is being raised through issue of shares, debenture, bond and retained earnings (internal source) from domestic as well as international capital market in the form of Global Deposit Receipts, American Deposit Receipts and Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds and from the wide range of financial institutions. However, the finance is not free of cost. The charge on each source capital is known as cost of capital. The cost of capital of any investment is the rate of return the suppliers of capital would expect to receive if the capital were invested elsewhere in an investment of comparable risk . The present study focuses on whether cost of capital has any relationship with financial performance of companies like capital structure. To know about the relationship between cost of capital and income generation capacity of a company, gross profit ratio is not sufficient. If cost of capital is not taken care properly, if it is more than returns, company can reach to crucial financial situation. So an effort has been made to measure impact of cost of capital on various financial factors i. e. , profitability, growth rate, liquidity and dividend policy. The statistical like correlation and regression method have been applied. The study found that change of cost of capital affects the company's profitability position. The higher cost of capital adversely affects the profitability position of the companies .
Audibility curve of the chinchilla.

The chinchilla can be readily trained to respond to tones by the method of avoidance conditioning in a shuttle box. In addition, they can be trained for the threshold tests in about the same amount of time as required to train cats. The method for threshold tests is as previously described for cats, with the addition of adding feedback for responses to very weak tones so that the animal knows whether his response was correct. The binaural‐audibility curve of chinchilla has been carefully determined at 12‐octave steps for six highly trained animals. Below 1000 cps, sensitivity appears to be better than man's; above 2000 cps, it is similar to man's but extends to slightly higher frequencies, that is, about 32 kc/sec. Between 1000 and 2000 cps, chinchillas have narrow regions of low sensitivity; these dips vary in location from animal to animal but are reliable and stable for each.