Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of intracellular calcium concentration on degranulation of dialysed mast cells from rat peritoneum.

1. Mast cells, isolated from rat peritoneum, were studied under tight‐seal, whole‐cell recording conditions. Membrane conductance, membrane capacitance and the concentration of free intracellular Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, were measured simultaneously. 2. [Ca2+]i could be accurately buffered to values between 0 and 1.5 microM only if relatively high concentrations of calcium buffers (in the millimolar range) were added to the pipette filling solution against which the cytoplasm was dialysed. At lower buffer concentrations [Ca2+]i was markedly increased by hyperpolarizing the membrane. 3. When added to the pipette, guanosine‐3‐thio‐triphosphate (GTP‐gamma‐S), a nonhydrolysable analogue of guanosine triphosphate, stimulated a 3.3‐fold increase in membrane capacitance, which is indicative of mast cell degranulation (Fernandez, Neher & Gomperts, 1984). 4. In weakly buffered cells, GTP‐gamma‐S also induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i which, usually, preceded degranulation. Calcium buffers at 1‐5 mM concentration suppressed this transient. 5. High [Ca2+]i alone did not induce degranulation. However, it markedly accelerated GTP‐gamma‐S‐induced degranulation. When [Ca2+]i was buffered to zero, an appreciable fraction of cells degranulated in response to GTP‐gamma‐S, but very slowly, and only after a long lag phase. 6. Transient increases in [Ca2+]i, evoked either by GTP‐gamma‐S, or by voltage changes, did not elicit capacitance changes during the lag phase, but accelerated the GTP‐gamma‐S‐induced degranulation response at later times. 7. Internally applied inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) also induced transient increases in [Ca2+]i which did not lead to secretion in the absence of GTP‐gamma‐S. 8. It is concluded that an increase in [Ca2+]i is neither necessary nor sufficient for secretion from dialysed mast cells. [Ca2+]i, however, acts synergistically with other stimuli to promote secretion. It is the more efficient the more time the other stimulus had been allowed for priming the cell.
Third-Line Hormonal Treatment with Exemestane in Postmenopausal Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer Progressing on Letrozole or Anastrozole. A Phase II Trial Conducted by the Hellenic Group of Oncology (HELGO)

Aims and Background The understanding of hormonal therapies in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer has advanced greatly in the past several decades. With the introduction of orally active, potent and selective third-generation aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane), approaches to the treatment of hormone-sensitive advanced breast cancer are undergoing reevaluation. For treatment of advanced or metastatic disease that has progressed on tamoxifen, all three agents are active. The purpose of the study was to assess the antitumor efficacy and tolerance of exemestane administered as third-line hormonal therapy to postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer refractory to letrozole and anastrozole. Study design Sixty postmenopausal women with stage IV hormone receptor-positive carcinoma of the breast were enrolled in the study. All patients had received two prior hormonal manipulations and had measurable or assessable disease. All adverse events were monitored. Results Objective tumor response was achieved in 12 (20%) patients (95% CI, 9.6-30.4). The overall clinical benefit was 38.3% (95% CI, 21.2-49.3), and the median duration of objective tumor response was 20 months (range, 9-26). The median time to death was 17.4 months (95% CI, 16.14-18.66). Conclusions Exemestane represents an active and well-tolerated treatment option in pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer who have received standard first- and second-line hormonal therapies. By extending the sequence of hormonal therapy, disease progression and the need for chemotherapy may be significantly delayed.
The ambiguity of standing in standing devices: a qualitative interview study concerning children and parents experiences of the use of standing devices

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to describe children’s and parents’ experiences of the significance of standing in a standing device. Methods: Individual interviews were performed with six children/teenagers (aged 7–19 years) and 14 parents. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Findings: The analysis resulted in the major theme, the duality of uprightness and the related themes: (1) the instrumental dimension of standing; (2) the social dimension of standing; and (3) the ambivalent dimension of standing. Each of the themes comprised several subthemes. Conclusions: There is an inherent duality related to the use of a standing device. Standing in a standing device was seen as a treatment of body structures and functions, as well as a possible source of pain. Standing was considered to influence freedom in activities and participation both positively and negatively. The parents experienced that standing influenced other peoples’ views of their child, while the children experienced standing as a way to extend the body and as something that gave them benefits in some activities. Physiotherapists working with children should take into account both the social and physical dimensions of using a standing device and consider both the child’s and the parents’ views.
Late Surgical Treatment of Lateral Condylar Fractures in Children

We describe four cases of successful late surgical treatment of lateral condylar fractures of the humerus performed 8 weeks and 2, 5, and 14 years after injury and review the literature on the subject. We suggest that children with symptomatic nonunion and malunion of these fractures can benefit from late surgical treatment at the time of diagnosis. We describe the technique of functional reduction and the regions in which anatomic reduction is precluded by remodeling or gross displacement of the fragment.
The Role of Chlamydia trachomatis in High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Persistence Among Female Sex Workers in Nairobi, Kenya

Background Little is known about risk factors for persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection in low-income settings, and prior research has not quantified the relative duration of hrHPV infections stratified by risk factors. We compared the duration of hrHPV infection among female sex workers (FSWs) by exposure to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), using a highly sensitive biomarker assay. Methods From 2009 to 2011, 350 FSWs enrolled in this longitudinal study. Every 3 months, sociodemographic and sexual behavior data were collected via questionnaire, and APTIMA assays were used to detect the rRNA of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhea, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and messenger RNA of the E6/E7 oncoproteins expressed by hrHPV. Among 173 FSW who were infected with hrHPV during the observation period, accelerated failure time models estimated time ratios (TRs) for duration of hrHPV infection, comparing FSW infected with STIs at baseline to STI-uninfected FSWs. Results Median follow-up time was 26.2 months (interquartile range, 18.8–27.5 months). The median duration of hrHPV infection among all FSWs was 9.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.3–11.5). The duration of hrHPV infection among FSW infected with CT at baseline was greater than that among FSWs who were uninfected (adjusted TR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2–2.6). Among FSWs who were coinfected with hrHPV and CT at baseline, the adjusted TR was 3.4 (95% CI, 2.5–5.4) compared with FSWs infected with hrHPV only. No other STI was associated with hrHPV duration. Conclusions Recent or concurrent CT infection was associated with prolonged hrHPV infection among a cohort of Nairobi FSWs. Management of CT could reduce risk for hrHPV persistence.
Opiate activation of potassium conductance inhibits calcium action potentials in rat locus coeruleus neurones

Opiates act on μ‐receptors to increase the potassium conductance of rat locus coeruleus neurones. Opiates also depress the rate of rise and peak amplitude of calcium action potentials in these cells. The action of opiates on calcium action potentials was prevented by two procedures which blocked the opiate‐induced potassium current, intracellular caesium and extracellular barium. This indicates that the opiate reduction in calcium entry is secondary to an increased potassium current.
Roasted hazelnuts – allergenic activity evaluated by double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge

Background: Allergy to hazelnuts is a common example of birch pollen related food allergy. Symptoms upon ingestion are often confined to the mouth and throat, but severe systemic reactions have been described in some patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reduction in allergenicity by roasting of the nuts.
Natural Variation in SER1 and ENA6 Underlie Condition-Specific Growth Defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Despite their ubiquitous use in laboratory strains, naturally occurring loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding core metabolic enzymes are relatively rare in wild isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we identify a naturally occurring serine auxotrophy in a sake brewing strain from Japan. Through a cross with a honey wine (white tecc) brewing strain from Ethiopia, we map the minimal medium growth defect to SER1, which encodes 3-phosphoserine aminotransferase and is orthologous to the human disease gene, PSAT1. To investigate the impact of this polymorphism under conditions of abundant external nutrients, we examine growth in rich medium alone or with additional stresses, including the drugs caffeine and rapamycin and relatively high concentrations of copper, salt, and ethanol. Consistent with studies that found widespread effects of different auxotrophies on RNA expression patterns in rich media, we find that the SER1 loss-of-function allele dominates the quantitative trait locus (QTL) landscape under many of these conditions, with a notable exacerbation of the effect in the presence of rapamycin and caffeine. We also identify a major-effect QTL associated with growth on salt that maps to the gene encoding the sodium exporter, ENA6. We demonstrate that the salt phenotype is largely driven by variation in the ENA6 promoter, which harbors a deletion that removes binding sites for the Mig1 and Nrg1 transcriptional repressors. Thus, our results identify natural variation associated with both coding and regulatory regions of the genome that underlie strong growth phenotypes.
Wind Energy Can Mitigate Market Power

A rich body of literature suggests that there is an inverse relationship between wind power penetration rate and electricity market prices, yet it is unclear whether these observations are generalizable. Therefore, in this paper we seek to characterize analytically market conditions that give rise to this inverse relationship. To this purpose, we expand a theoretical framework to facilitate flexibility in modelling the structure of the electric industry with respect to the degree of market concentration and diversification in the ownership of wind power capacity. The analytical results and their attendant numerical illustrations indicate that it is not always that wind energy depresses electricity prices. This is likely to occur when the number of firms is large enough, the ownership of wind energy is sufficiently diversified, or most often a combination of the two. Importantly, our study defines the circumstances in which the question who invests in wind power capacity is crucial for market prices as it may generate incorrect technology-specific signals for new investments.
Understanding Global Trends in Long-run Real Interest Rates

The authors explore trends in long-run real interest rates and their underlying factors for the 20 largest economies from the 1950s through the present day. {{p}}Real, or inflation-adjusted, interest rates may well be the most important prices for any nation? s economy. They govern intertemporal purchasing decisions facing households, firms, and all levels of government. That is, virtually all interactions in the marketplace that entail making a choice between spending now and spending later necessarily involve real interest rates, which specify the real cost of borrowing to make a purchase or, on the flip side, the real gain from saving.
Determining factors for the adoption of cloud computing in developing countries: A case study of Indian academic libraries

Purpose The paper aims to examine the constructs laid down by the information technology (IT) adoption theories to the cloud computing phenomena in conjunction with academic libraries of India to determine the factors responsible for the adoption of cloud computing. Design/methodology/approach Keeping the objectives into consideration, descriptive survey and constructive research method were used in the study. Library professionals engaged in the selected 28 central universities of India were chosen to participate in this study. To find the core drivers responsible for the adoption of cloud computing in academic libraries, constructs were taken from ten IT adoption theories. Findings The findings validate the fact that perceived ease of use, usefulness and ubiquitous availability of the enabling technology are strong drivers of the adoption of cloud computing technology in the libraries. Also, attitude is significantly correlated with the behavioral intention to adopt cloud computing services. High level of correlation was obtained between the cloud computing-perceived attributes and the librarian’s intention to use cloud computing technology. However, security risk is the biggest issue that has been affecting the behavioral intentions. Originality/value The study is a self-conscious attempt to fill the void and determine factors for the adoption of cloud computing in libraries. Further, it attempts to find out the preparedness of Indian academic libraries in adopting cloud computing.
The new ACAM2000™ vaccine and other therapies to control orthopoxvirus outbreaks and bioterror attacks

Quarantine, case tracing and population vaccination facilitated the global eradication, in 1980, of variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. The vaccines used during the eradication period, including Dryvax®, the smallpox vaccine used in the USA, were live vaccinia and cowpoxvirus-based vaccines, which induced long-lasting and cross-protective immunity against variola and other related poxviruses. These vaccine viruses were produced by serial propagation in domesticated animals. The drawbacks to such serially propagated live viral vaccines include the level of postvaccination local and systemic reactions and contraindications to their use in immunocompromised individuals, individuals with certain skin and cardiac diseases, and pregnant women. In the latter stages of the population-based smallpox vaccination campaign, research began with ways to improve safety and modernizing the manufacture of vaccinia vaccines; however, with the eradication of variola this work stopped. Outbreaks of monkeypoxvirus in humans and the bioterrorist threat of monkeypox and variola virus renewed the need for improved vaccinia vaccines. ACAM2000™ is one of the new generation of smallpox vaccines. It is produced in cell culture from a clonally purified master seed stock of vaccinia derived from the New York City Board of Health strain of vaccinia. The clonally purified master seed assures a more homogeneous vaccine without the inherent mutations associated with serial propagation and the cell culture limits adventitious and bacterial contamination in vaccine production. In preclinical and clinical trials, ACAM2000 demonstrated an immunogenicity and safety profile similar to that of Dryvax.
Measurement uncertainty of blood ethanol concentration in drink-driving cases in an emergency laboratory

Introduction The quality of blood ethanol concentration (BEC) determination is important because of its legal ramifications. Measurement uncertainty provides quantitative information about the quality and reliability of test results. In this study, we aim to calculate the measurement uncertainty for the ethanol test in our laboratory measured with a Synchron Systems Ethanol assay kit by employing an enzymatic rate method on the Beckman-Coulter Olympus AU400 auto analyzer (Beckman Coulter Inc, Melville, USA). Materials and methods The measurement uncertainty values were calculated in accordance to the Nordtest guidelines. All vehicle drivers involved in a traffic accident were retrospectively inspected for the BEC test conducted during July to December 2016 in our emergency laboratory. Results A 1034 vehicle drivers had their BEC tested. The results for 181 drivers were > 0.50 g/L and reported as positive. The serum ethanol concentration in those showing a positive result was 2.04 ± 1.01 g/L, over four times the legal limit. The median BEC in those showing a negative result was 0.03 (IQR: 0.03) g/L. The expanded uncertainty obtained was 19.74%. When measurement uncertainty values were added to the results of the 1034 drivers who were retrospectively screened, eight vehicle drivers had results with 95% confidence intervals that exceeded the legal limit 0.50 g/L. Conclusions The BEC test results for vehicle drivers with values close to legal limits should be reported as the obtained ethanol concentration with corresponding measurement uncertainty.
Acute Migraine Treatment in Adults

There are many options for acute migraine attack treatment, but none is ideal for all patients. This study aims to review current medical office‐based acute migraine therapy in adults and provides readers with an organized approach to this important facet of migraine treatment. A general literature review includes a review of several recent published guidelines. Acetaminophen, 4 nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid [ASA], naproxen sodium, and diclofenac potassium), and 7 triptans (almotriptan, eletriptan, frovatriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, and zolmitriptan) have good evidence for efficacy and form the core of acute migraine treatment. NSAID–triptan combinations, dihydroergotamine, non‐opioid combination analgesics (acetaminophen, ASA, and caffeine), and several anti‐emetics (metoclopramide, domperidone, and prochlorperazine) are additional evidence‐based options. Opioid containing combination analgesics may be helpful in specific patients, but should not be used routinely. Clinical features to be considered when choosing an acute migraine medication include usual headache intensity, usual rapidity of pain intensity increase, nausea, vomiting, degree of disability, patient response to previously used medications, history of headache recurrence with previous attacks, and the presence of contraindications to specific acute medications. Available acute medications can be organized into 4 treatment strategies, including a strategy for attacks of mild to moderate severity (strategy one: acetaminophen and/or NSAIDs), a triptan strategy for patients with severe attacks and for attacks not responding to strategy one, a refractory attack strategy, and a strategy for patients with contraindications to vasoconstricting drugs. Acute treatment of migraine attacks during pregnancy, lactation, and for patients with chronic migraine is also discussed. In chronic migraine, it is particularly important that medication overuse is eliminated or avoided. Migraine treatment is complex, and treatment must be individualized and tailored to the patient's clinical features. Clinicians should make full use of available medications and formulations in an organized approach.
Reflecting on Brexit: migration myths and what comes next for EU migrants in the UK?

Abstract This article considers the potential impact of Brexit on the family and welfare entitlement of EU migrants living in the UK and of UK migrants living in other EU Member States. Whilst the vast majority of those campaigning for the UK to leave the EU (publicly at least) argued in favour of those already present in the UK at the time of the referendum having their status protected, the government has been considerably less vocal in its support for this outcome. As such, EU migrants living in the UK presently face considerable uncertainty as to their own and their families’ future legal status and entitlement to welfare rights. The article will expose some of the evidential and legal gaps in the assertions made about EU migrants’ socio economic entitlement with a view to providing a more informed, legally accurate appraisal of how the Brexit negotiations could unfold.
Sports‐related injuries in athletes with disabilities

The number of athletes with disabilities participating in organized sports and the popularity of the Paralympic Games is steadily increasing around the world. Despite this growing interest and the fact that participation in sports places the athlete at risk for injury, there are few studies concerning injury patterns, risk factors, and prevention strategies of injuries in disabled athletes. In this systematic literature search and critical review, we summarize current knowledge of the epidemiology of sports‐related injuries in disabled athletes and describe their characteristics, incidence, prevalence, and prevention strategies. The outcomes of interest were any injury, either an acute trauma or an overuse event. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar were systematically searched and 25 of 605 identified studies met the inclusion criteria. Lower extremity injuries were more common in walking athletes, whereas upper extremity injuries were more prevalent in wheelchair athletes. The methodologies and populations varied widely between the studies. Few studies were sports or disability specific, which makes it difficult to determine specific risk factors, and few studies reported injury severity and prevention of injuries. Further longitudinal, systematic sports and disability specific studies are needed in order to identify and prevent injuries in athletes with disabilities.
Two new genera and five new species of Teloganodidae (Ephemeroptera) from South India.

Two new genera and five new species of teloganodid mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Pannota: Ephemerelloidea) are described based on larvae from south India: Janohyphella indica, n. gen., n. sp. , Indoganodes jobini, n. gen., n. sp. , Teloganodes sartorii, n. sp. , Dudgeodes palnius, n. sp. , and Derlethina tamiraparaniae, n. sp. Janohyphella, n. gen., is distinguished from the larvae of other teloganodid genera by having a combination of three subequal caudal filaments, lamellate gills on abdominal segments II through V and posterolateral processes well-developed on abdominal segments II through IX, except III. Indoganodes, n. gen., is distinguished from the larvae of other teloganodid genera by having three subequal caudal filaments, lamellate gills on abdominal segments II through VI, posterolateral projections weakly developed on abdominal segments I through V, but distinct on segments VI through IX. Our new species of Dudgeodes Sartori, 2008 and Derlethina Sartori, 2008 represent the first discoveries of these genera outside Southeast Asia, with the latter genus previously considered endemic to Borneo. Emendations to the larval species key of known Oriental Teloganodidae are provided. We hypothesize that the occurrence of the new taxa in southern India is a result of the tectonic events associated with the split-up of Gondwana. This illustrates the profound biogeographical significance of how vicariance led to the establishment of some distinct oriental lineages initially on the rafting Indian Deccan Plate, which might have triggered dispersal events for subsequent species diversification in Southeast Asia.