Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The prognostic value of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

BACKGROUND/AIM Diagnosis of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and early prediction neurological outcome is important and difficult. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) for abnormal neurodevelopment outcome in a neonate with HIE. METHODS A total of 90 neonates > 32 gestational age (GA) with HIE were enrolled prospectively. All neonates with HIE were categorized into three grades according to the Sarnat and Sarnat clinical scoring system (mild HIE, moderate HIE and severe HIE). aEEG traces were recorded with a cerebral function monitor (CFM) during the first 72 h of life. The neurodevelopment outcome was assessed at 12 months of age of corrected gestational age. RESULTS The pattern of aEEG correlated with the severity of HIE (p < 0.0001) and subsequent neurodevelopment outcome (p < 0.001). We found that aEEG background patterns exhibited superior prediction of abnormal outcomes at 12 months of age (sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 94.3%, positive predictive value of 78.6% and negative predictive value of 98.1%) when compared to aEEG seizure (sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 48%, positive predictive value of 57% and a negative predictive value of 92%). Electroclinical dissociation seizure was detected in 28% of the neonates with HIE. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that aEEG is simple and accurate bedside diagnostic method for assessing extension of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage and early identification of neonates with perinatal HIE who are at high risk of neurodevelopmental impairment.
Service systems engineering framework based on combining service engineering and systems engineering methodologies

Researches on service systems have been conducted for more than a decade, resulting in concepts and knowledge of the service system. These lead to the intention of the organizations to create a service system that is able to provide service value. As the service sector grows, the organizations are required to be able to develop such a service system that gives benefits to the organizations and has an impact on performance improvement. Therefore, the organizations need a practical understanding of building service systems in the real world. This paper proposes a comprehensive and systematic framework for service systems engineering that can help organizations in developing and building the service systems. The framework elaborates two major engineering methodologies, which are service engineering and systems engineering methodology. This framework was developed through the application of systems engineering life cycle and principles into the service engineering. The result of this study can provide systematic guidance in building service systems.
Absence of L1 in pancreatic masses distinguishes adenocarcinomas from poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas.

BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a tumor with fatal outcome. Cell adhesion molecules, such as L1 (CD171), have an essential function in tumor progression. L1 has been shown to be specifically expressed in poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of L1 in pancreatic adenocarcinomas to evaluate whether L1 might differentiate between pancreatic carcinomas of neuroendocrine and ductal origin. MATERIALS AND METHODS L1 expression was retrospectively analyzed in 111 cases of pancreatic adenocarcinomas by immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections of primary tumors. Staining was performed by the peroxidase technique with monoclonal antibody against human L1. All tumors were classified according to the most recent TNM classification. RESULTS The focal expression of L1 was detected in 2 (2%) out of 111 pancreatic carcinomas only, the remaining 109 (98%) being L1-negative. No expression was found in acinar or ductal cells of normal pancreatic tissue. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that L1 is expressed in few cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Since L1 was previously found to be expressed specifically in neuroendocrine pancreatic carcinomas, its absence in unclear pancreatic masses might hint at a ductal origin for a malignant pancreatic tumor.
HIF pathway and c-Myc as biomarkers for response to sunitinib in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma

Background Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a heterogeneous disease with a different clinical behavior and response to targeted therapies. Differences in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) expression have been used to classify von Hippel–Lindau gene (VHL)-deficient ccRCC tumors. c-Myc may be driving proliferation in HIF-2α-expressing tumors in a growth factor-independent manner. Objective To explore the HIF-1α, HIF-2α and c-Myc baseline expression as potential predictors of sunitinib outcome as well as the effectiveness and safety with sunitinib in patients with metastatic ccRCC in routine clinical practice. Methods This was an observational and prospective study involving 10 Spanish hospitals. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumor samples from metastatic ccRCC patients who received sunitinib as first-line treatment were analyzed. Association between biomarker expression and sunitinib treatment outcomes was evaluated. Kaplan–Meier method was applied to measure progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. Results Eighty-one patients were included: median PFS was 10.8 months (95% CI: 7.4–13.5 months), median overall survival was 21.8 months (95% CI: 14.7–29.8 months) and objective response rate was 40.7%, with 7.4% of patients achieving a complete response. Molecular marker staining was performed in the 69 available tumor samples. Significant association with lower PFS was identified for double c-Myc/HIF-2α-positive staining tumors (median 4.3 vs 11.5 months, hazard ratio =2.64, 95% CI: 1.03–6.80, P=0.036). A trend toward a lower PFS was found in positive c-Myc tumors (median 5.9 vs 10.9 months, P=0.263). HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression levels were not associated with clinical outcome. Conclusion These preliminary results suggest that predictive subgroups might be defined based on biomarkers such as c-Myc/HIF-2α. Further validation with more patients will be needed in order to confirm it. Outcomes with sunitinib in metastatic ccRCC in daily clinical practice resemble those obtained in clinical trials.
Multidimensional Similarity Measuring for Semantic Trajectories

Most existing approaches aiming at measuring trajectory similarity are focused on two‐dimensional sequences of points, called raw trajectories. However, recent proposals have used background geographic information and social media data to enrich these trajectories with a semantic dimension, giving rise to the concept of semantic trajectories. Only a few works have proposed similarity measures for semantic trajectories or multidimensional sequences, having limitations such as predefined weight of the dimensions, sensitivity to noise, tolerance for gaps with different sizes, and the prevalence of the worst dimension similarity. In this article we propose MSM, a novel similarity measure for multidimensional sequences that overcomes the aforementioned limitations by considering and weighting the similarity in all dimensions. MSM is evaluated through an extensive experimental study that, based on a seed trajectory, creates sets of semantic trajectories with controlled transformations to introduce different kinds and levels of dissimilarity. For each set, we compute the similarity between the seed and the transformed trajectories, using different measures. The results showed that MSM was more robust and efficient than related approaches in the domain of semantic trajectories.
The Impact of Information Technology and Transactive Memory Systems on Knowledge Sharing, Application, and Team Performance: A Field Study

In contemporary knowledge-based organizations, teams often play an essential role in leveraging knowledge resources. Organizations make significant investments in information technology to support knowledge management practices in teams. At the same time, recent studies show that the transactive memory system (TMS)-the specialized division of cognitive labor among team members that relates to the encoding, storage, and retrieval of knowledge-is an important factor that affects a team's performance. Yet little is known of how IT support for knowledge management practices in organizations affects the development of TMS. Furthermore, the precise role of TMS on knowledge sharing and knowledge application, which in turn influences team performance, has not been fully explored. In order to close this gap in the literature, we conducted a field study that involved 139 on-going teams of 743 individuals from two major firms in South Korea. Our results show that IT support in organizations has a positive impact on the development of TMS in teams, and that both TMS and IT support have a positive impact on knowledge sharing and knowledge application. Furthermore, we found that knowledge sharing has a positive impact on knowledge application, which in turn has a direct impact on team performance. However, contrary to our expectation, knowledge sharing does not have a direct impact on team performance and its impact on team performance was fully mediated by knowledge application. Our research shows that organizations can improve team members' meta-knowledge of who knows what through the careful investment in information technology. Finally, our results show that sharing knowledge alone is not enough. Organizations must ensure that shared knowledge is in fact applied in order to improve team performance.
Examples pertaining to Gevrey hypoellipticity

The purpose of this note is to introduce certain examples which shed light on a conjecture concerning hypoellipticity in Gevrey classes for partial differential operators with multiple characteristics. For s ≥ 1 and any open set U , let G(U) denote the class of all C∞ functions f defined in U , such that for each compact subset K ⊂ U there exists C < ∞ such that for all x ∈ K and all multi-indices α, |∂αf(x)| ≤ C1+|α||α|s|α|.
Acquired anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Yaounde, Cameroon.

SETTING Tuberculosis centre of Hôpital Jamot, Yaounde, Cameroon. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of acquired resistance (ADR) to the main anti-tuberculosis drugs, and to identify risk factors associated with its occurrence in Yaounde. DESIGN A total of 111 previously treated adults admitted consecutively to the tuberculosis centre with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis between June 1996 and July 1997 were included in the study. Information on potential risk factors for ADR was obtained from each patient, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus was determined. Drug susceptibility testing to the main anti-tuberculosis drugs was performed on cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from sputum samples of each patient by the indirect proportion method. All patients whose isolates tested resistant to at least one anti-tuberculosis drug were defined as having ADR. RESULTS Growth of M. tuberculosis complex was obtained from sputum specimens of 98 (88.3%) of the 111 patients studied; 57 (58.2%) of these were resistant to at least one anti-tuberculosis drug. Resistance to isoniazid was the most common (54.1%), followed by resistance to rifampicin (27.6%), streptomycin (25.5%) and ethambutol (12.2%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 27 (27.6%) of the cases. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, ADR was significantly associated only with monotherapy use in previous tuberculosis treatment(s) (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION The rate of ADR of M. tuberculosis is quite high in Yaounde. Acquired resistance to rifampicin alone or in combination with isoniazid is also high. Monotherapy in previous anti-tuberculosis treatment(s) is a significant predictor of ADR in previously treated patients in Yaounde. These results underscore the urgent need for the re-establishment of a tuberculosis control programme, using the DOTS strategy, in Cameroon.
New class of Bacillus subtilis glutamine-requiring mutants

By using genetic analysis, the mutations of eight glutamine-requiring mutants isolated from Bacillus subtilis 168 were all shown to be linked to the thyA marker. A three-factor transduction analysis performed with one of the gln mutations indicated that the gene order in this region of the B. subtilis chromosome was gltA-thyA-gln. On the basis of recombination index values, two closely linked groups were identified. The mutations belonging to one group were assigned to the structural gene for glutamine synthetase, and those belonging to the other group might impair a regulatory locus. The residual glutamine synthetase activities and the cross-reacting materials of the mutants from both recombination groups supported these conclusions.
Heat induced gelation of acid milk: balance between weak and covalent bonds

Gelation of acidified milk at pH[ges ]5, after heat treatments is a well known phenomenon, due to the precipitation of whey proteins, and especially β-lactoglobulin onto κ-casein (Sawyer, 1969). High heat treatments cause denaturation of whey proteins which associate with κ-casein through disulphide interchange reactions (Hill, 1989). Since their charge is reduced, the denatured proteins associated with casein micelles become susceptible to aggregation when milk is then acidified, which promotes enhanced protein–protein interactions (Lucey et al. 1997). The gelation phenomenon involves disulphide bonds (Hashizume & Sato, 1988; Goddard, 1996) which are responsible for the gel firmness (Goddard, 1996). However, other interactions between proteins can occur, such as hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds, especially at the initial stage of interactions (Haque et al. 1987; Haque & Kinsella, 1988; Jang & Swaisgood, 1990). It is therefore relevant to investigate a possible contribution of weak linkages to the gel structure and firmness.
Family history and behavioral abnormalities in girls with recurrent urinary tract infections: a controlled study.

PURPOSE We evaluated the role of family history, infrequent voiding, poor fluid intake, functional stool retention and inadequate anogenital hygiene or toilet habits in girls with recurrent urinary tract infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS The possible occurrence of these risk factors was assessed in 90 Swiss girls with recurrent urinary tract infections and in a control group of 45 girls. RESULTS Family history was positive in 42% of patients and in 11% of controls (p <0.001). Behavioral abnormalities were also more frequently noted in girls with recurrent urinary tract infections than in the control group (81% vs 56%, p <0.01). There were 137 abnormalities in 73 girls with recurrent urinary tract infections and 30 abnormalities in 25 controls. Two or more abnormalities each, that is 2 in 32 girls and 3 in 16, were noted in 48 girls with recurrent urinary tract infections and in 5 control girls. No controls presented with more than 2 abnormalities. Infrequent voiding (54% vs 24%, p <0.001), poor fluid intake (53% vs 16%, p <0.001) and functional stool retention (30% vs 13%, p <0.05) were more frequently disclosed in girls with recurrent urinary tract infections than in control girls. In contrast, the frequency of inadequate stool hygiene or toilet habits was similar in patients and controls (14% and 13%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of girls with recurrent urinary tract infections should focus on identifying behavioral aspects, including infrequent voiding, poor fluid intake and functional stool retention.
Diversity and community structure of symbiotic dinoflagellates from Caribbean coral reefs

A community ecology approach to the study of the most common group of zooxanthellae, dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium, was applied to symbiotic invertebrate assemblages on coral reefs in the western Caribbean, off the Yucatan peninsula (Puerto Morelos, Mexico) and over 1000 km away in the northeastern Caribbean, at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas. Sequence differences and intragenomic variation, as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS 2) region, were used to classify these symbionts. Twenty-eight genetically distinct Symbiodinium types were identified, eleven of which were found in hosts from both Caribbean locations. A single symbiont population was detected in 72% of hosts from the Yucatan and 92% of hosts from the Bahamas. The reef-wide community distribution of these symbionts is dominated by a few types found in many different host taxa, while numerous rare types appear to have high specificity for a particular host species or genus. Clade or lineage A Symbiodinium spp. was restricted to compatible hosts located within 3–4 m of the surface, while Symbiodinium spp. types from other lineages displayed differences in vertical zonation correlated with ITS type but were independent of clade designation. A comparison of the symbiont types found in field-collected hosts with types previously cultured from these hosts indicates the existence of low density or ‘‘background’’-symbiont populations and cryptic, potentially non-mutualistic types in some hosts.
Sequence polymorphisms between latent membrane proteins LMP1 and LMP2A do not correlate in EBV‐associated reactive and malignant lympho‐proliferations

The latent membrane proteins LMP1 and LMP2A are co‐expressed in most malignancies associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). In contrast with the transforming LMP1 oncoprotein, LMP2A is expressed in lymphocytes of healthy EBV carriers and considered to maintain viral latency. Critical for these LMP2A functions are a transmembranous epitope recognized by specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and the N‐terminal immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif (ITAM), blocking B‐cell receptor signaling. To characterize ITAM and CTL motifs of LMP2A and to correlate them with C‐terminal variants of LMP1 including the 30‐bp deletion variant (LMP1Δ), comparative sequence analysis was performed on 76 samples from patients with reactive and malignant lympho‐proliferation (infectious mononucleosis, n = 21; tonsillar hyperplasia, n = 16, chronic lympho‐proliferation, n = 9; Hodgkin's disease, n = 8; Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, n = 5; AIDS‐related large‐cell lymphoma, n = 17). The CTL motif was conserved in all but 2 cases (C426→S). The ITAM motif was characterized by strictly conserved YXXL sequences in all cases, with a sequence polymorphism in between. The B95.8 prototype was found in 17% (13/76) of cases, while in 72% a variant with 3 point mutations (166796 C→A, 166805 C→A, 166810 C→T) was detected; 11% had 1 or 2 of these mutations in addition to G→A at 166793. In the C terminus of LMP1, a hypervariable region including LMP1Δ was described in 61% of cases. There was no significant association of a particular LMP2A variant with either malignant phenotype or LMP1Δ, demonstrating that the functional domains of LMP2A are conserved and that the sequence polymorphisms in LMP1 and LMP2A are independent. Int. J. Cancer 81:371–375, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Excavations at Masai Gorge Rockshelter, Naivasha

Dr. Ambrose has been working for several years in the Central Rift of Kenya, with special interest in the Late Stone Age and Pastoral Neolithic and their environmental adaptations. Apart from his detailed survey and ecological studies, he has excavated three main sites, two on Mount Eburu overlooking Lake Naivasha from the north, namely Masai Gorge and Marula Rockshelters, with the third, Enkapune ya Muto, on the Mau escarpment to the west of the lake. This work is incorporated in his thesis submitted to the University of California at Berkeley in 1984, ‘Holocene environments and human adaptations in the Central Rift Valley, Kenya’. The present article is a report on Masai Gorge, which makes numerous comparisons with other sites and offers new interpretations of the Rift Valley sequence. Diane Gifford-Gonzalez' report on the bones excavated by Ambrose from Masai Gorge, as well as on the interesting sample of teeth from the nearby Marula Rockshelter, follows as a separate article. As Ambrose explains, the .
AMP‐activated protein kinase regulates lymphocyte responses to metabolic stress but is largely dispensable for immune cell development and function

AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), a phylogenetically conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, represents an energy sensor able to adapt cellular metabolism in response to nutritional environmental variations. TCR stimulation activates AMPK, a regulatory event that is known to stimulate ATP‐producing processes, possibly in anticipation of the increased energetic needs associated with cell division and expression of effector function. Taking advantage of the selective expression of the AMPKα1 catalytic subunit in lymphoid cells, we have analyzed the in vitro and in vivo capacity of lymphocytes lacking AMPK activity (AMPKα1‐KO cells) to respond to metabolic stress and to initiate and sustain an immune response. AMPKα1‐KO cells displayed increasing sensitivity to energetic stress in vitro, and were found unable to maintain adequate ATP levels in response to ATP synthase inhibition. These cells were, however, able to respond to antigen stimulation in vitro, as shown by optimal proliferation and cytokine production. Similarly, AMPKα1‐KO mice were fully immunocompetent in vivo and displayed normal cell proliferation, humoral, cytotoxic and delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses following antigen injection. In conclusion, AMPK represents an important enzyme allowing lymphocytes to resist a mild energy crisis in vitro, but is largely dispensable for activation and expression of effector function in response to antigen stimulation.
Male caregiving in dementia: A review and commentary

In this paper we present a review of the literature on men caring for a relative with dementia. While there is an abundance of literature on caregiving in general, there is a dearth of information on male caregiving and in particular on the role of sons as carers. Keywords used were dementia, Alzheimer's disease, caregiver, caregiver burden, caregiver support, sons, spouses, husbands, men, fathers, male, widowers, help seeking behaviour, parent child relations, gender identity and combinations of these. The inclusion criteria stipulated that papers had to be research based, written in English, published between the years 1999 and 2010 and related to men caring for a person with dementia. The categories that emerged from the literature included men in a caregiving role, gender differences in caregiver burden, support services and sons as carers. Further research is needed to highlight the needs and experiences of men in a caregiving role.
Loop thermosyphons for cooling of electronics

Recent innovations to loop thermosyphon (LTS) design are anticipated to have a significant impact on electronics thermal solutions. Future electronics systems including high-density desktop computers, multi-processor rack mounted servers, and telecommunications cabinets are reaching volumetric thermal densities beyond the limits of direct air-cooling. Therefore, alternative cooling solutions need to be developed, for example, using loop thermosyphons. This paper presents experimental data obtained on two innovative loop thermosyphons with capillary structures that are prime candidates for electronics cooling solutions to replace typical air-cooled systems, where commercially available heat pipes cannot be used due to the high power and transport length limitations. The performance characteristics of the two loop thermosyphons with capillary structures are discussed: (a) with a horizontal square U-tube evaporator and (b) with horizontal transport lines and a flat evaporator heated from both sides.