Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does author team size explain retraction

Retractions are a great concern in science, because researchers infringe the validity of their, but also the validity of other studies. Investigations showed that retraction rates rose significantly in the last years from about 0.01% in 2006 to 0.02% in 2012. However, only a few studies investigated this phenomenon so far. The purpose of this study therefore is to investigate retractions further. This will be done by looking at the number of researchers who contributed to a research article. Distinguishing between two reasons of retraction, namely errors of omission and errors of commission, applicable literature is reviewed. Non-retracted articles are then compared to retracted ones, in order to investigate a relationship between team size and errors of omission or errors of commission. The study shows that out of 450 retracted articles, 210 (47%) were retracted because of errors of commission, 97 (21%) because of errors of omission and for 143 (32%) articles, the reason of retraction could not been found, has been different, or the entries were corrections of articles already in the dataset. Research articles in the field of social sciences are more often retracted because of errors of commission (79%), than retracted research articles in Physics (66%) or Medicine (62%). Differently than hypothesized, the study shows that team size has little influence on the odds of an article on being retracted.
Effect of Pawpaw ( Carica Papaya ) and Plantain ( Musa Paradisiaca ) Leaves on Growth Performance of Archachatina Marginata (African Giant Land Snail)

The study was carried out to evaluate the growth response of Archachatina marginata subjected to three diets; Carica papaya (pawpaw), Musa paradisiaca (plantain) leaves and combination of both Carica papaya (pawpaw) and Musa paradisiaca (plantain) leaves. One hundred and thirty five adult Archachatina marginata snails were used in this experiment and they were randomly selected into nine cages of fifteen snails each. Each treatment was replicated three times. Data were collected on the growth parameters (weight, length and circumference). The result showed an increase in the growth parameters measured. The mean weight gain rates were 0.9g, 0.5g and 1.2g; shell length increase rates were 0.84cm, 0.62cm and 1.18cm; shell circumference increase rates were 1.41cm, 1.29cm and 2.0cm for pawpaw, plantain and combination of both treatments respectively. Statistically, there was a significant difference (P 0.05) in the rate of shell circumference increase for both pawpaw and plantain treatments, but was significant difference (P < 0.05) in treatment 3 which is combination of both leaves. The rate of shell length increase was significantly higher in pawpaw treatment (P < 0.05) than in plantain treatment. And it was highest (P < 0.05) in the combination of both leaves, that is, treatment 3. In the three treatments pawpaw leaves enhanced growth performance than plantain leaves but the combination was the best, although the two leaves are recommended for farmers and for use in compounding feeds for growing snails, it will be best when combined.
Relationship between Entrepreneurial Factors and Small Agro-enterprises’ Success: Evidence from Bhutan

Successful small agro-enterprises (SAEs) play a vital role in the economy of an agrarian country like Bhutan. Although entrepreneurial factors, amongst others, affect the success of SAEs, there is a dearth of empirical studies on this topic in Bhutan. Such studies will help entrepreneurs and agribusiness promoters understand entrepreneurial factors affecting the success of SAEs. Therefore, we studied the relationship between entrepreneurial factors and the success of SAEs in Bhutan. Using multistage quota sampling, we selected four districts (1), eight sub-districts (2), 32 chiwogs (3), and 320 entrepreneurs of SAEs (4) for the study. We interviewed 320 entrepreneurs using structured questionnaire and analyzed data using IBM SPSS version 23. We found a significant and positive relationship between the success of SAEs and entrepreneurs’ motivation (r = .44, P = .000) and personal entrepreneurial competencies (PECs) (r = .39, P = .000). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between entrepreneurs’ age and success of SAEs (r = .02, P = .707). Overall, entrepreneurs’ motivation and PECs contributed 20.7% to the success of SAEs in Bhutan. We recommend relevant authorities to continue supporting entrepreneurship education and training programs to motivate and build entrepreneurial competencies. Original Research Article Dendup et al.; JEMT, 21(4): 1-9, 2018; Article no.JEMT. 41089 2
The role of grasslands in the less favoured areas of Mediterranean Europe

Mediterranean extensive grassland-based systems were in the past and are currently subjected to the contrasting threats of intensification and abandonment, especially in less favoured areas. Despite the strong socio-economic and environmental differences between and within the Mediterranean regions, they share common issues on grasslands. One of the main issues is to increase the sustainability of grasslands and the grassland-based systems. In this paper, we discuss some key factors that can strengthen the resilience and adaptability of grasslands and which could be considered also as mitigation strategies for climate change. Additionally, to enhance the results of agronomic practices, both public perception and management schemes about less favoured areas should urgently be reoriented in order to increase the attractiveness of extensive systems against intensive agriculture. For this reason, there is a rising demand for scientific knowledge and new holistic approaches aimed at (1) supporting the optimization of the economic performance of extensive livestock systems by increasing the added value of products, and (2) encouraging policies for the development of sustainable farming systems, where farmers are also rewarded for their supply of ecosystem services.
Equity and Policy Effectiveness with Imperfect Targeting

We propose a general approach that jointly integrates horizontal and vertical equity criteria in the assessment of poverty alleviation programs, with the strength of each criterion captured through its own inequity-aversion parameter. This contrasts with the assessment of poverty alleviation programs done with simple under-coverage and leakage ratios or with other methods that do not take into account the heterogeneity of the poor and that do not address directly the social benefits of achieving normative criteria. We illustrate our methodology by using Tunisian data and two alternative poverty alleviation policies. We find inter alia that the social ranking of commodity and socio-demographic targeting in Tunisia depends on the policymaker's comparative preference for vertical and horizontal equity.
The linkage between Turkish managers’ leadership orientations and their innovativeness feature: an empirical study

The dual issues of leadership features and innovativeness constitute an important component of the related literature along with the studies focusing on the connections between these two. The current study considers this connection with the notion that innovativeness should be included as a feature of a leader, but it also moves further by trying to understand how leadership orientations and innovativeness are patterned together within the leadership concept. To this end, the authors of the current study collect data from the top managers of businesses in the Istanbul Leather Organized Industrial Zone and perform inferential analyses. It is discovered that leadership orientations have three and that innovativeness has five distinct factors. A structural equation model that includes all of these factors together under the concept of leadership is proposed. Although all of the innovativeness factors are found to be integrated within this model, only one factor for leadership orientations – people orientation – can be integrated within the model. In other words, innovativeness can entirely be included within the proposed model of leadership, but leadership orientations can only partially be included. Most of the innovativeness factors are positively and moderately related to leadership, albeit assertiveness is not considerably favored. Overall, the emphasis appears to be on people oriented and innovative leadership.
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT SOIL TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZATION ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL AND ON CROPS YIELD IN PEDOCLIMATICAL CONDITIONS OF MOLDAVIAN PLATEAU

Present preoccupations for the adaptation of sustainable agricultural systems are justified by the extension in alarming proportions of the degradation and deterioration of the soil resources. Maintaining or introduction of new technological systems must be in accordance with durable progress principles to ensure the possibility of progress and development. Research carried out aimed at developing fundamental knowledge through in-depth inquiries of soil quality indicators from Moldavian Plain, regarding integrated management of soil and water. The experiment was conducted at the Didactic Station of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, during 2008-2012. The site is located in the East part of Romania on a chambic chernozem. We investigated three variants of soil tillage systems - conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no-till (NT) - in a winter wheat - oilseed rape crop rotation and with different fertilization levels. Tillage systems modified some of the physical properties of soil. All the tillage operations were significantly different in their effects on soil properties. The hydrophysical indicators of the soil were not influenced significantly by the tillage systems in short-term. Indicators of soil compaction had the lowest values in CT, intermediate values in MT and minimum values in NT variant. Analysis of mean values of quality indicators of soil structure showed that even if the water stability of soil aggregates and aggregation index indicates higher values in the CT systems, the quality of the structure and the ratio of aggregates were better in the MT system and especially in the NT system. Tillage system and the level of fertilization determined differences in crop yields, usually being higher in conventional treatment, but not always statistically significant. The results indicated that soil tillage systems must be adapted to plant requirements in accordance with crop rotation and to the pedoclimatic conditions of the area.
Understanding Students’ Intentions to Join the Hospitality Industry

A study of 246 hospitality degree students in Hong Kong and the United States found that emotional intelligence has a strong effect on students’ intentions to pursue a career in the hospitality industry. The students’ service orientation has a similar but weaker effect. The study also found that this relationship is mediated by the degree to which these post-internship students were satisfied with working in the industry. Because emotional intelligence can be enhanced through education, hospitality educators can help develop their students’ emotional intelligence and service orientation and potentially increase their likelihood of developing successful careers within the industry.
The fishes’ last stand: the fish fauna of Jiu River Gorge, between decades of coal mining and present day hydroenergetic works

The Jiu River within its gorge was for a long time a river without fish due to pollution from the coal mines in the Petroşani basin, situated upstream. Currently, the river is threatened by the development of hydroenergetic installations, which are projected to reduce the river flow drastically. As a result of the project, less than 10% of the river flow will remain in the gorge. In the summer of 2015, we studied the composition of the fish fauna in Jiu River Gorge. We found 11 fish species, of which 10 are native to Romania and characteristic for the region and of the habitats studied. Only Lepomis gibbosus is invasive; it was identified in one tributary, with fast flow and rocky substrate, where it was probably introduced. The fish fauna from the Jiu River is uniform due to the region’s and river’s uniformity. Typically, mountain species are rare and present only in the upstream tributaries. The high anthropogenic influence in the southern part of the gorge, the presence of a less-affected area in its centre, and the mountain species found exclusively in the upstream zones are observed in relation both to fish and to other groups. Despite decades of coal mining pollution, the Jiu River now has a fish fauna that corresponds to the region and its habitats. Profile
Immune response characteristics of Capri pox virus vaccines following emergency vaccination of cattle against lumpy skin disease virus

In this research immune response characteristics of two available heterologous vaccines including Gorgan goat pox virus (GPV) and Romanian sheep pox virus (SPV) vaccines against lumpy skin disease have been examined, by using the monitoring of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in vaccinated calves in the field. The evaluation of humoral immune response showed that the neutralizing antibody titers in both vaccinated groups started at day 7 post-vaccination, then reached to the protective level at day 21 post-vaccination and persisted till 35 day post-vaccination. The neutralizing antibody titers in GPV-vaccinated calves (GVC) the ratio was higher than SPV-vaccinated calves (RVC), and on days 21 and 35 post-vaccination were significantly different (p <0.05). Also, in vitro evaluation of cellular immune responses showed that the lymphocyte proliferation index and IFN-γ and IL-4 pro duction levels in both vaccinated groups began to increase at day 7 post-vaccination until reached to its peak at day 21 post-vaccination and decreased in the period thereafter. So that, in GVC this ratio was higher than that in RVC and was significant at day 21 post-vaccination (p < 0.05). The findings show that the live attenuated GPV vaccine due to induction of high level of antibody titer and higher lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-4 production has a good immunogenic response, so it is considered a suitable vaccine to control lumpy skin disease.
Revisiting Classic Qualitative Studies

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht methodologische Aspekte der Sekundarnutzung "klassischer" qualitativer Studien. Klassische Studien werfen besondere Probleme auf, die uber diejenigen einer typischen Sekundaranalyse qualitativer Daten hinausgehen. "Klassisch" bedeutet, dass die Ergebnisse und Argumente einer solchen Studie einen "Kanon" theoretischer und methodologischer Wissenschaftlichkeit implizieren und daher in der Folge das Denken der Forschenden formen, die Sekundaranalysen durchfuhren wollen. Eine Sekundaranalyse sollte daher nicht nur die archivierten Daten selbst, sondern auch die publizierten Arbeiten einbeziehen; jedoch ist damit eine Menge an komplexen methodologischen und ethischen Problemen verbunden. Ich untersuche mogliche analytische Strategien fur eine Reanalyse, eingeschlossen die "Enthullung" als Gegenstuck zu einer "Sakrosankt-Erklarung" und Wege, mit denen Originaldaten "gegen den Strich" gelesen werden konnen. Hierfur verwende ich meine eigenen Reanalysen von Elizabeth BOTTs "Family and Social Network"-Archiv und von John GOLDTHORPE und David LOCKWOODs "Affluent Worker Collection". URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0501312
Public Authority and the Provision of Public Goods in Conflict-Affected and Transitioning Regions

This paper uses a systematic literature review to suggest that three emerging critical approaches to the production of public authority are identifiable within the contemporary literature on conflict-affected and transitioning regions. The authors term these approaches the ‘public authority from below perspective’, the ‘hybrid political orders lens’, and ‘political settlements analysis’. Although hailing from diverse disciplinary backgrounds, the paper argues that these approaches share important traits. First, they suggest that to understand better the nature of public authority in transitioning and conflict-affected regions it is necessary to uncover how public authority actually works rather than departing from a theory of the state. This includes accounting for how power is legitimated and practiced within each context, and how claims to public authority are connected to the provision of public goods such as security and justice. Second, they view competition, conflict and contestation as enduring features of public authority in such contexts, and call for empirical examinations of these processes to inform understandings of social change. Third, these approaches argue that public authority is an emergent property, always in production and never definitively formed. This implies that neat dichotomies such as formal/informal, private/public, and modern/traditional should be applied with caution by analysts seeking to understand public authority from the perspective of people living with insecurity and change. Despite these similarities, the paper's conclusion suggests that these approaches should be unpacked and their normative assumptions challenged. Each can then be drawn upon to arrive at empirical understandings of how public authority is produced and exercised, and how it relates to the provision of public goods in conflict-affected and transitioning regions.
Evaluating the Comparability of PPT and CBT by Implementing the Compulsory Islamic Culture Course Test in Jordan University

Study aims to determine whether the university students' scores in the compulsory Islamic culture course test on a selected sample differ across the paper-and pencil test (PPT) & computer-based test (CBT) versions, and to reveal the relationship between gender and the student's level of performance in the test, Therefore, the study evaluated the comparability of two versions of a compulsory Islamic culture course test (PPTs) and (CBTs). The importance of conducting the study in Jordan stems from the fact that public and private universities have begun to move away from the traditional patterns of tests such (PPTs) and went towards (CBTs), In addition to detecting which models give the best in the output and has the characteristics of the psychometric test, Furthermore indicates whether there were differences between males and females, the study sample consisted of 120 individuals, 67 females and 53 males from scientific, health and humanities colleges. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two versions provided to students CBT and PPT with 0.36 moderate correlation indicators in the pre-CBT test, no significant differences between the males and females in the CBT test results. Therefore, on the basis of the results of the present study, the CBT test is an option and a preferred alternative for regular students of the bachelor's level at the University of Jordan.
Oblique, stratified winds about a shelter fence. Part II: Comparison of measurements with numerical models

Abstract To evaluate Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models of disturbed micrometeorological winds, steady-state computations using a second-order closure are compared with observations (see Part I) in which the surface layer wind was disturbed by a long, thin porous fence (height h = 1.25 m; thickness dx ≈ 1 mm). Starting with the case of neutral stratification and normal incidence, it is shown that low-resolution RANS simulations (streamwise grid interval Δx/h = 1) produce reasonably good transects of mean wind speed, though with an ambiguity (or nonuniqueness) of at least 10%–15% of the amplitude of the relative wind curve, mainly arising from sensitivity to the choice of the solution mesh. For nearly perpendicular flows, the measured influence of stratification (stable or unstable) is to diminish the amplitude of the relative wind curve (i.e., windbreak is less effective), an effect that is replicated very well by the simulations. Obliquity of the incident wind, like stratification, also correl.
A new simplied formula in prediction of the resonance velocity for multiple masses traversing a thin beam

In this article, transverse vibration of an Euler-Bernoulli beam carrying a series of traveling masses is analyzed. A semi-analytical approach based on eigenfunction expansion method is employed to achieve the dynamic response of the beam. The inertia of the traveling masses changes the fundamental period of the base beam. Therefore, a comprehensive parametric survey is required to reveal the resonance velocity of the traversing inertial loads. In order to facilitate resonance detection for engineering practitioners, a new simpli ed formula is proposed to approximate the resonance velocity.
The Suitability of Using Vermicomposting for the Stabilization of Septic Tank Waste

An investigation into the viability of vermicomposting septic tank waste was carried out. Progression of the composting process was monitored by analysing a range of chemical and biological parameters (dehydrogenase enzyme activity, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Olsen P, nitrate and ammonium). At the end of the composting period additional parameters were measured such as total C and N, organic matter, pH, soluble P and N, Salmonella spp. , Campylobacter spp. and Helminth ova. Dehydrogenase activity and nitrate and ammonia ratios were shown to be useful indicators to determine the maturation of compost. However, reduction in E. coli did not relate well to removal of pathogens such as Campylobacter spp. and Helminth ova. Pasteurising temperatures cannot be achieved during vermiculture as worms are sensitive to thermophile temperatures, thus for wastes containing high levels of pathogens (such as raw sewage or septic tank waste), further treatment may be required to produce a pathogen free compost.
Σ-D relation for supernova remnants and its dependence on the density of the interstellar medium

During the last couple of decades of work on the � ‐D (radio surface brightness to diameter) relation for supernova remnants (SNRs), it has been generally accepted that no single � ‐D relation can be constructed for all SNRs. However, it may still be possible to construct the relations for some classes of SNRs. In our previous paper we analysed � ‐D relation(s) for remnants in the dense environments of molecular clouds. The aim of this paper is to examine, in the same context, a class of oxygen-rich SNRs, and to extend the analysis to remnants evolving in lower-density interstellar media, namely Balmer-dominated SNRs. We have obtained good relations with certain similarities to our previous findings ‐ similarities that emphasize, again, the role of ambient density in the evolution of SNRs. Ke yw ords: methods: statistical ‐ supernova remnants ‐ radio continuum: ISM.
THE l 1-STABILITY OF A HAMILTONIAN-PRESERVING SCHEME FOR THE LIOUVILLE EQUATION WITH DISCONTINUOUS POTENTIALS

We study the l-stability of a Hamiltonian-preserving scheme, developed in [Jin and Wen, Comm. Math. Sci., 3 (2005), 285-315], for the Liouville equation with a discontinuous potential in one space dimension. We prove that, for suitable initial data, the scheme is stable in the l-norm under a hyperbolic CFL condition which is in consistent with the l-convergence results established in [Wen and Jin, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 46 (2008), 2688-2714] for the same scheme. The stability constant is shown to be independent of the computational time. We also provide a counter example to show that for other initial data, in particular, the measure-valued initial data, the numerical solution may become l-unstable. Mathematics subject classification: 65M06, 65M12, 65M25, 35L45, 70H99.