Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Holocene climate evolution in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere simulated by a coupled atmosphere-sea ice-ocean-vegetation model

The Holocene climate is simulated in a 9000-yr-long transient experiment performed with the ECBilt-CLIO-VECODE coupled atmosphere-sea ice-ocean-vegetation model. This experiment is forced with annually varying orbital parameters and atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and CH4. The objective is to study the impact of these long-term forcings on the surface temperature evolution during different seasons in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere. We find in summer a thermal optimum in the midHolocene (6-3 ka BP), with temperatures locally 3°C above the preindustrial mean. In autumn the temperatures experienced a long-term increase, particularly during the first few thousand years. The opposite trend was simulated for winter and spring, with a relatively warm Southern Ocean at 9 ka BP in winter (up to 3.5°C above the preindustrial mean) and a warm continent in spring (+3°C), followed by a gradual cooling towards the present. These long-term temperature trends can be explained by a combination of (1) a delayed response to orbital forcing, with temperatures lagging insolation by 1 to 2 months owing to the thermal inertia of the system, and (2) the long memory of the Southern Ocean. This long memory is related to the storage of the warm late winter-spring anomaly below the shallower summer mixed layer until next winter. Sea ice plays an important role as an amplifying factor through the ice-albedo and ice-insulation feedbacks. Our experiments can help to improve our understanding of the Holocene signal in proxies. For instance, the results suggest that, in contrast to recent propositions, teleconnections to the Northern Hemisphere appear not necessarily to explain the history of Southern Hemisphere temperature changes during the Holocene.
Exploring Winter Mortality Variability in Five Regions of England Using Back Trajectory Analysis

AbstractThis paper aims to define atmospheric pathways related with the occurrence of daily winter low temperature episodes (LTE) in England, for the 26-yr period 1974–99, and to reveal possible associations with increased mortality rates. For this purpose, backward airmass trajectories, corresponding to LTE in five regions of England, were deployed. A statistically significant increase in mortality levels, at the 0.05 level, was found for LTE, compared to non-LTE days across all five regions. Seven categories of atmospheric trajectory patterns associated with LTE were identified: east, local, west, North Atlantic, Arctic, southwest, and Scandinavian. Consideration of the link between airmass trajectory patterns and mortality levels by region revealed a possible west-to-east split in the nature of air masses connected with elevated mortality. Specifically, for the West Midlands and northwest regions, relatively warm winter weather conditions from the west, most likely associated with the eastward progress.
Limit theorems for random transformations and processes in random environments

I derive general relativized central limit theorems and laws of iterated logarithm for random transformations both via certain mixing assumptions and via the martingale di(cid:11)erences approach. The results are applied to Markov chains in random environments, random subshifts of (cid:12)nite type, and random expanding in average transformations where I show that the conditions of the general theorems are satis(cid:12)ed and so the corresponding ((cid:12)berwise) central limit theorems and laws of iterated logarithm hold true in these cases. I consider also a continuous time version of such limit theorems for random suspensions which are continuous time random dynamical systems.
Foreign Direct Investment and Governance Quality in Russia

This paper studies the effect of poor governance quality on foreign direct investment in Russia. Using a survey of businesses across forty administrative districts, we find that higher frequency of using illegal payments and higher pressure from regulatory agencies, enforcement authorities, and criminals, negatively affect foreign direct investment. Our identification strategy builds on the exogenous cross-regional variation in worker strikes during 1895-1914, the period before the October Revolution. We find that moving from the average to the top governance quality across Russian regions more than doubles the FDI stock.
Correlations between growth variables and the Dickson quality index in forest seedlings

This study aims to identify correlations between growth variables and the Dickson quality index in seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus elliottii var. elliottii. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and the following variables were observed: stem base diameter, shoot height, number of leaves, leaf dry matter, stem base dry matter, root dry matter, shoot dry matter, total dry matter, ratio of shoot dry matter to root dry matter and ratio of shoot height to stem base diameter in E. grandis 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days after seedling emergence, and in P. elliottii 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 days after seedling emergence. Using Pearson correlation and also path and regression analyses, correlations were analyzed between observed variables according to day after emergence and the Dickson quality index. Stem base diameter was found to have stronger correlation with days after emergence in comparison to shoot height, in both species. Root dry matter was found to have stronger correlation with the Dickson quality index. Stem base diameter was the most suitable parameter to indicate seedling quality due to its higher correlation level with the Dickson quality index. Shoot height was only effective to indicate seedling quality if analyzed together with stem base diameter. Variables relating to dry matter showed the highest correlations with the Dickson quality index (DQI), followed by stem base diameter. Conversely, number of leaves showed the poorest correlations with DQI, followed by seedling height.
Emotional Responses to Varying Sources of Interpersonal Rejection

Baumeister and Leary (1995) propose with their Need to Belong Theory that negative affect would occur upon the disruption of an existing or even potential social connection. The present paper presents two studies that sought to resolve past contradictory research by examining how rejection by various sources (romantic partners, family members, close friends, or strangers) impact the rejectee’s emotional responses. The first study, which used a recalled memory of rejection, yielded no significant differences in mood, need to belong, threat to the four fundamental needs, or state self-esteem for the different sources. However, the second study, which used imagined scenarios, found that the source of rejection had a significant effect on the rejectee’s levels of hurt feelings, sadness, and perceived level of rejection, indicating that the effects of rejection are influenced by the relationship people have with their rejecters. This has many implications on how we understand relational dynamics and rejection.
ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL NON-LINEARITY OF STEEL GIRDERS SUBJECTED TO PATCH LOADING

Subject review The paper presents an analysis of behaviour of plate girders (welded steel I girders) under patch loading. Concentrated or uniformly distributed loading on a short length of the flange, and in the plane of web is known as patch loading. Behaviour of the girder in non-linear area, as well as the ultimate load capacity, which is manifested by buckling in the loaded zone were analysed. Girder modelling was performed in ANSYS Workbench 15 software [1]. In accordance with the standing regulations EN 1993-1-5 [2] and BSK 07 [3], in the course of the numerical analysis, six different material models were employed. The obtained results were compared to the experimentally obtained results.
Functions with bounded spectrum

Let 0 o , has the same behavior as the sequence sup |£Q|'/I 0. In other words, if we know all "far points" of supp Ff, we can wholly describe this behavior without any concrete calculation of ||Z)a/||p , a > 0 . A Paley-Wiener-Schwartz theorem for a nonconvex case, which is a consequence of the result, is given.
I'm Not the Gingerbread Man! Exploring the Experiences of College Students Diagnosed with ADHD.

This study explored how undergraduate students diagnosed with AD/HD remain in college. Using a qualitative research design from a grounded theory perspective, the researchers captured the personal stories of 10 college students from two universities similar in location, size, and liberal arts tradition. The findings included themes related to attitudes about their diagnosis, adapting to college, and recommendations for students, college personnel, and
THE IRREGULAR SATELLITES: THE MOST COLLISIONALLY EVOLVED POPULATIONS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

The known irregular satellites of the giant planets are dormant comet-like objects that reside on stable prograde and retrograde orbits in a realm where planetary perturbations are only slightly larger than solar ones. Their size distributions and total numbers are surprisingly comparable to one another, with the observed populations at Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus having remarkably shallow power-law slopes for objects larger than 8–10 km in diameter. Recent modeling work indicates that they may have been dynamically captured during a violent reshuffling event of the giant planets ∼3.9 billion years ago that led to the clearing of an enormous, 35 M⊕ disk of comet-like objects (i.e., the Nice model). Multiple close encounters between the giant planets at this time allowed some scattered comets near the encounters to be captured via three-body reactions. This implies the irregular satellites should be closely related to other dormant comet-like populations that presumably were produced at the same time from the same disk of objects (e.g., Trojan asteroids, Kuiper Belt, scattered disk). A critical problem with this idea, however, is that the size distribution of the Trojan asteroids and other related populations do not look at all like the irregular satellites. Here we use numerical codes to investigate whether collisional evolution between the irregular satellites over the last ∼3.9 Gyr is sufficient to explain this difference. Starting with Trojan asteroid-like size distributions and testing a range of physical properties, we found that our model irregular satellite populations literally self-destruct over hundreds of Myr and lose ∼99% of their starting mass. The survivors evolve to a low-mass size distribution similar to those observed, where they stay in steady state for billions of years. This explains why the different giant planet populations look like one another and provides more evidence that the Nice model may be viable. Our work also indicates that collisions produce ∼0.001 lunar masses of dark dust at each giant planet, and that non-gravitational forces should drive most of it onto the outermost regular satellites. We argue that this scenario most easily explains the ubiquitous veneer of dark carbonaceous chondrite-like material seen on many prominent outer planet satellites (e.g., Callisto, Titan, Iapetus, Oberon, and Titania). Our model runs also provide strong indications that the irregular satellites were an important, perhaps even dominant, source of craters for many outer planet satellites.
Livelihood diversification strategies, incomes and soil management strategies: a case study from Kerio Valley, Kenya

African farmers diversify their livelihood strategies through on-farm and off-farm activities. We cluster households according to similar livelihood diversification strategies and explore the implications for income levels and sustainable soil management practices. Five main livelihood diversification strategies were being pursued. Households with off-farm income, and those pursuing higher return agricultural activities earned more than twice as much as the lowest income groups, which were the least diversified. They also were more likely to implement soil conservation measures. Policies aimed at improving household well-being need to take into account a wide range of household asset endowments and livelihood strategies being pursued. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Outbreak of Hepatitis E Virus in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India in 2014: A Conventional and Genetic Analysis

Study Background: An unprecedented outbreak of enterically transmitted acute hepatitis erupted in Raipur between April-June, 2014 claiming lives of 23 persons including 8 pregnant women. It was investigated by serological, biochemical and molecular methods to reveal its etiological agent, prevalence and genotype responsible for the outbreak. Methods: A total of one hundred six (106) blood samples from equal number of suspected cases of acute hepatitis cases presented in AIIMS Raipur for treatment were investigated for Anti-HEV IgM, Anti-HAV IgM, LFT, RT-PCR and sequencing. Results: Serological analysis incriminated HEV as the chief causative agent of this outbreak with attack rate of 68.8% followed by HAV (9.4%) while dual infection was noted in 2 cases (1.8%). Mortality rate of 2.87 per 10,000 population and incidence rate of 1.7% were recorded. In comparison to children and elderly cases, adults age group were more affected with men had higher attack rate than women and children (p<0.01). 98% cases had moderate to severely deranged LFT level. nRT-PCR and sequencing analysis confirmed the presence of HEV genotype 1a. Conclusion: Contamination of municipal water pipelines by sewage drain had triggered this outbreak caused predominantly by HEV genotype 1a with few HAV cases. This warranted the health and municipal authorities to change the defaulted water pipeline and segregate it from sewage drain resulting in progressive decline of this ill feted outbreak.
Behavioral Ambidexterity: The Impact of Incentive Schemes on Productivity, Motivation, and Performance of Employees in Commercial Banks

Human resource management systems may serve as an antecedent that enables firms to develop a context for ambidexterity—an ability to pursue contradictory processes (exploitation versus exploration) within the same firm. The aim of this article is to examine the impact of motivation-enhancing HR practices on the productivity, motivation, and performance of commercial bank employees to promote and attain contextual ambidexterity within the organization. The theoretical model presented in this article shows how ex-ante incentives (incentives based on past performance) and ex-post incentives (incentives based on future performance) affect productivity, motivation, and performance of employees. The results are tested empirically by analyzing real quarterly data of commercial bank employees in Israel. The main results show that workers with relatively high abilities might take advantage of both ex-ante and ex-post incentives. In contrast, workers with relatively low ability are unable to take advantage of both incentive schemes. Our findings indicate that motivation-enhancing HR practices such as financial incentives significantly influence the productivity and performance of employees. Our study contributes to the ambidexterity literature by examining how motivation-enhancing human resource (HR) practices such as incentive schemes make employees feel the sense of stretch that is essential in building an ambidextrous organization
Title: Overexpression of Follistatin in the Mouse Epididymis Disrupts Fluid Resorption and Sperm Transit in Testicular Excurrent Ducts. Short Title: Elevated follistatin causes epididymal pathology.

Activin is a well established modulator of male and female reproduction that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone. Non-pituitary effects of activin have also been reported, although the paracrine actions of this growth factor in several reproductive tissues are not well understood. To identify the paracrine functions of activin during mammary gland morphogenesis and tumor progression, we produced transgenic mice that overexpress follistatin (FST), an intrinsic inhibitor of activin, under control of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter. Although the MMTV-Fst mice were constructed to assess the role of activin in females, expression of the transgene was also observed in the testes and epididymides of males. While all 17 transgenic founder males exhibited copulatory behavior and produced vaginal plugs in females, only one produced live offspring. In contrast, transgenic females were fertile, permitting expansion of transgenic mouse lines. Light and transmission electron microscopic examination of the transgenic testes and epididymides revealed impairment of fluid resorption and sperm transit in the efferent ducts and initial segment of the epididymis, as indicated by accumulation of fluid and sperm stasis. Consequently, a variety of degenerative lesions were observed in the seminiferous epithelium, such as vacuolation and early stages of mineralization and fibrosis. Sperm collected from the caudae epididymidis of MMTV-Fst males had detached heads and were immotile. Together, these data reveal that activin signaling is essential for normal testicular excurrent duct function and that its blockade impairs fertility. These results also suggest that selective inhibitors of activin signaling may provide a useful approach for the development of male contraceptives without compromising androgen synthesis and actions. Summary Sentence: Follistatin overexpression in the testis and epididymis of transgenic mice causes infertility due to defects in fluid resorption, sperm transit and morphology in excurrent ducts.
Milk-substitutes comparable to rat ’ s milk ; their preparation , composition and impact on development and metabolism in the artificially reared rat

1. Procedures are described to prepare nutritionally adequate rat milk-substitutes by modifying commercially available processed cow’s milk, rich in carbohydrate and low in protein and fat compared with rat’s milk. 2. Premilk formulas, prepared as intermediates in the preparation of rat milk-substitutes, are rich in protein but low in their concentration of fat, carbohydrate, and minerals when compared with rat’s milk. 3. Premilks were supplemented with lactose, vitamins, minerals, fat as oil mixtures, certain amino acids and other constituents to yield rat milk-substitutes which resemble the known composition of rat’s milk in their properties and composition. 4. Detailed analyses of the milk-substitutes show them to be CO~npdrdbk to rat’s milk in energy content, pH. osmolarity, the concentration of the macronutrients, fat, protein and carbohydrate, and the major minerals. 5 . Rat pups were artificially reared from postnatal day 4 or 5 until days 1&18 by fitting them with gastric cannulas through which the milk-substitutes could be infused automatically. 6. The nutritional impact of the milk-substitutes was assessed by a comparison of growth and mctabolic characteristics for artificially reared rats with age-matched sucking rats reared by their mother. 7. Indices which were taken to be appropriate included ( a ) body-weight gain; ( h ) the concentration in blood of protein, amino acids, ketone bodies, carnitine, glucose, galactose, lactate, insulin, and the electrolytes calcium, sodium, potassium and chloride; (c) the turnover of glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate; ( d ) the concentration in brain of protein, cholesterol, cerebroside sulphate and the activities of the enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1 .2 .4 . I ) , 3-0x0-acid-CoA transferase (EC 2.8 .3 .5) and acetoacetyl-CoA ligase (EC 6.2 . I .16). 8. The studies suggest that milk-substitutes approximating to rat’s milk in composition promote acceptable metabolism in the artificially reared rat pup.
Qualitative Properties in a More General Delayed Hematopoietic Stem Cells Model

In this paper, we consider a more general model describing the dynamics of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) model with one delay. Its dynamics are studied in terms of local stability and Hopf bifurcation. We prove the existence of the possible steady state and their stability with respect to the time delay and without delay. We show that a sequence of Hopf bifurcations occur at the positive steady state as the delay crosses some critical values. We illustrate our results by some numerical simulations.
Perfect Little Feminists? Young Girls in the US Interpret Gender, Violence, and Friendship in Cartoons

Girls’ studies has emerged as a dynamic area of scholarship that examines the cultural construction of girlhood, the role that girls play in society, their identity formation, and their representation in media. This paper extends previous research by interviewing young girls about their interactions with each other as they view and interpret animated cartoons. Expanding claims that Girl Power programs such as The Powerpuff Girls empower viewers, I also discuss the role of third wave, commodity, and post feminism in influencing girls’ expectations of gender equality even as they embrace gender role differences. In discussing the importance of researchers engaging with young girls, I also address some of the challenges that accompany (and perhaps discourage) conducting audiences studies with young people.
An enhanced merger fraction within the galaxy population of the SSA22 protocluster at z = 3.1

The overdense environments of protoclusters of galaxies in the early Universe (z > 2) are expected to accelerate the evolution of galaxies, with an increased rate of stellar mass assembly and black hole accretion compared to co-eval galaxies in the average density ‘field’. These galaxies are destined to form the passive population of massive galaxies that dominate the cores of rich clusters today. While signatures of the accelerated growth of galaxies in the SSA22 protocluster (z = 3.1) have been observed, the mechanism driving this remains unclear. Here we show an enhanced rate of galaxy–galaxy mergers could be responsible. We morphologically classify Lyman-break Galaxies (LBGs) in the SSA22 protocluster and compare these to those of galaxies in the field at z = 3.1 as either active mergers or non-merging using Hubble Space Telescope ACS/F814W imaging, probing the rest-frame ultraviolet stellar light. We measure a merger fraction of 48 ± 10 per cent for LBGs in the protocluster compared to 30 ± 6 per cent in the field. Although the excess is marginal, an enhanced rate of mergers in SSA22 hints that galaxy–galaxy mergers are one of the key channels driving accelerated star formation and AGN growth in protocluster environments.
On some 2D orthogonal q-polynomials

We introduce two q-analogues of the 2D-Hermite polynomials which are functions of two complex variables. We derive explicit formulas, orthogonality relations, raising and lowering operator relations, generating functions, and Rodrigues formulas for both families. We also introduce a q-2D analogue of the disk polynomials (Zernike polynomials) and derive similar formulas for them as well including evaluating certain connection coefficients. Some of the generating functions may be related to Rogers-Ramanujan type identities.
Stimulated Biodegradation of Used Lubricating Oil in Soil Using Organic Wastes

Biostimulation studies of soil contaminated with used lubricating oil was undertaken with three organic wastes (Banana skin BS, Brewery spent grain BSG and Spent mushroom compost SMC) used as sources of nutrient to enhance biodegradation of used lubricating oil in soil for a period of 84 days under laboratory conditions. The hydrocarbon loss in the soil shows positive linear correlation with evolution of CO2 in the soil. 42.05% oil loss was recorded in the unamended polluted soil while 68.73%, 62.03% and 57.01% oil loss were recorded in soil amended with BSG, BS and SMC respectively in 84 days. Hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial (HUB) counts were high in all the organic wastes amended soil ranging between 10.2 x 106 CFU/g of soil to 80.5 x 106 CFU/g of soil compared to unamended control soil (1.0 x 106 CFU/g to 3.5 x 106 CFU/g of soil) throughout the 84 days of study. The counts in amended soil was significantly different at (P