Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generation of 60-GHz MB-OFDM Signal-Over-Fiber by Up-Conversion Using Cascaded External Modulators

In this paper, we demonstrate multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) transmission of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation with 200-Mb/s bit rate by all-optical frequency up-conversion using external modulator for ultrawideband (UWB) applications to 60-GHz band radio-over-fiber (RoF) network. Error vector magnitude (EVM) measurements are used to evaluate the performance of our system and an EVM root mean square (rms) of 12.6% at 60 GHz is obtained with our technique and corresponds to bit error rate (BER) below 10-9, in compliance with standard requirements.
THE NECESSITY OF LF

In this paper, we show that an adequate theory of grammar must include a level of Logical Form (LF); a post S-structure level of representation that crucially interacts with various syntactic constraints. The defense of this level of representation will involve analysing the properties of bound pronouns, epithets, and pronouns of laziness. After justifying the GB conception of the LF-level, we will consider the "mixed bag" problem discussed in Williams (1986). Williams Claims that the GB conception of LF allows this level to contain a mixed bag of reconstructed and unreconstructed representations. In addition, the theory has no general principles that determine which representation grammatical constraints applying at this level refer to. Thus Williams Claims that even though the theory may be descriptively adequate, it is explanatorily unsatisfying. We will show that Williams' solution to this problem is empirically inadequate and propose an alternative.
Preoperative Statin Therapy Is Not Associated with a Reduced Incidence of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to examine the association between preoperative statin therapy and the prevalence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: We performed a retrospective investigation of 10,648 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting using cardiopulmonary bypass and/or valve surgery between January 2002 and December 2006. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on preoperative therapy with statin drugs. The primary outcome was postoperative AKI based on the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage) criteria. Secondary outcomes included requirement for postoperative dialysis and hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed for the primary and secondary outcomes. To control for selection bias related to statin therapy, a propensity score was developed using a greedy matching technique. RESULTS: The incidence of AKI was 12.1% (n = 1286). AKI occurred in 13.31% of patients receiving preoperative statins (819 of 6152 patients) versus 10.41% in the no statin group (467 of 4487 patients) (P < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative dialysis was 1.71% (n = 182). Postoperative dialysis was needed in 1.75% of patients in the statin group (108 of 6157 patients) compared with 1.65% of patients (74 of 4491 patients) in the no statin group (P = 0.68). Hospital mortality after surgery occurred in 1.71% (n = 182) of patients. The incidence of mortality for patients in the statin group was 1.71% (105 of 6157 patients) and this was not different from mortality in the no statin group of 1.71% (77 of 4491 patients) (P = 0.97). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, statin therapy was not associated with AKI (odds ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–1.12; P = 0.68), postoperative dialysis (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.55–118; P = 0.23), or hospital mortality (OR 0.803, 95% CI 0.56–1.16; P = 0.24). In 2646 propensity-matched pairs, the incidence of AKI was 12.0% in the statin group versus 12.8% in the no statin group (P = 0.38). The statin group had a 1.63% incidence of postoperative dialysis versus 2.08% in the no statin group (P = 0.22). In the same propensity-matched population, hospital mortality occurred in 1.63% of patients in the statin group compared with 2.1% in the no statin group (P = 0.19). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that previously reported reductions in perioperative mortality for patients taking preoperative statins and undergoing cardiac surgery is likely not mediated through a reduction in postoperative AKI.
Use of a drug eluting pleural catheter for pleurodesis

ABSTRACT Purpose: Repeated administration of low-dose silver nitrate (SN) has been shown to be effective in creating pleurodesis. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a SN-eluting pleural catheter for pleurodesis. Methods: Catheters with a chitosan—SN—hyaluronic acid hydrogel coating designed to release SN over 14 days, or placebo uncoated catheters, were inserted in rabbit and lamb pleurodesis models. Pleurodesis was assessed at 28 days according to a 1–8 point scoring system and pleural fibrosis and inflammation assessed histologically on a 0–4 point scale. Results: In the rabbit model, pleurodesis scores were significantly increased in both the 24 mg and 50 mg SN catheters versus control animals as well as compared to the contralateral untreated pleural space (median-treated side scores were 5, 8, and 1, respectively, median score for contralateral side was 1 in all groups). In the lamb model, pleurodesis scores were significantly increased in both the 750 mg and 1000 mg catheter groups versus control animals as well as compared to the contralateral untreated pleural space (median-treated side scores were 7, 7, and 1, respectively, median score for contralateral pleural space was 1 in all groups). Catheters appeared well tolerated, although higher than expected mortality was seen in the 50 mg catheter rabbit group. Conclusions: A catheter designed to deliver SN to the pleural space over 14 days appears to be effective in creating pleurodesis. Further investigations to determine in-vivo catheter pharmacokinetics, toxicity, dose and optimal coating methods are warranted.
QUANTUM CURVES AND TOPOLOGICAL RECURSION

This is a survey article describing the relationship between quantum curves and topological recursion. A quantum curve is a Schroperator-like noncommutative analogue of a plane curve which encodes (quantum) enumerative invariants in a new and interesting way. The Schroperator annihilates a wave function which can be constructed using the WKB method, and conjecturally constructed in a rather different way via topological recursion.
Second Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Myeloid Malignancies

For patients with myeloid malignancies who relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), one salvage option is a second SCT. We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of the second allo-SCT in 25 patients who received at least 2 allografts from related/unrelated donors due to relapse of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or myelofibrosis after the first SCT. A minority of the acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome patients had reached complete hematological remission before the second SCT (6/25, 24%). Reduced conditioning strategies were performed in the majority (n = 23). Complete remission was achieved in all 21 cases with available data after the second SCT, but relapse was seen in 11/25 patients (44%). After a median follow-up of 18 months (range 6–47), 8/25 patients (32%) were still alive, and of those, 6 (24%) were in stable remission. In 9 cases mortality was associated to relapse and in 8 cases to transplant-related causes (treatment-related mortality; 8/25, 32%). In conclusion, a second SCT offers the chance of stable remission for some patients relapsing with a myeloid malignancy after a first allo-SCT, although high treatment-related mortality and relapse rates remain a problem. Efforts should concentrate on an optimization of conditioning strategies, immunosuppression and post-transplant surveillance for this specific situation.
A Simple Proof of Descartes's Rule of Signs

Proof We consider only the case when ao > 0 and an > 0. The other cases can be handled similarly. Because p(O) > 0 and p(x) -oc as x -oc, it is clear that the graph of p crosses the positive x-axis an even number of times, where we count crossings without regard to multiplicity. If x = a is a point at which the graph of p touches but does not cross the positive x-axis, then the multiplicity of a is even. If the graph
Isotopic Signature of N2O Produced by Marine Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea

Archaea may account for the majority of marine nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere. The ocean is an important global source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas that contributes to stratospheric ozone destruction. Bacterial nitrification and denitrification are thought to be the primary sources of marine N2O, but the isotopic signatures of N2O produced by these processes are not consistent with the marine contribution to the global N2O budget. Based on enrichment cultures, we report that archaeal ammonia oxidation also produces N2O. Natural-abundance stable isotope measurements indicate that the produced N2O had bulk δ15N and δ18O values higher than observed for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria but similar to the δ15N and δ18O values attributed to the oceanic N2O source to the atmosphere. Our results suggest that ammonia-oxidizing archaea may be largely responsible for the oceanic N2O source.
Prelude to Galileo : essays on medieval and sixteenth-century sources of Galileo's thought

Can it be true that Galilean studies will be without end, without conclusion, that each interpreter will find his own Galileo? William A. Wallace seems to have a historical grasp which will have to be matched by any further workers: he sees directly into Galileo's primary epoch of intellectual formation, the sixteenth century. In this volume, Wallace provides the companion to his splendid annotated translation of CaWeo's Early Notebooks: The Physical Questions (University of Notre Dame Press, 1977), pointing to the 'realist' sources, mainly unearthed by the author himself during the past two decades. Explicit controversy arises, for the issues are serious: nominalism and realism, two early rivals for the foundation of knowledge, contend at the birth of modem science, or better yet, contend in our modem efforts to understand that birth. Related to this, continuity and discontinuity, so opposed to each other, are interwoven in the interpretive writings ever since those striking works of Duhem in the first years of this century, and the later studies of Annaliese Maier, Alexandre Koyre and E. A. Moody. Historio grapher as well as philosopher, Wallace has critically supported the continuity of scientific development without abandoning the revolutionary transforma tive achievement of Galileo's labors. That continuity had its contemporary as well as developmental quality; and we note that William Wallace's Prelude studies are complementary to Maurice A. Finocchiaro's sensitive study of CaWeo and the Art of Reasoning (Boston Studies 61, 1980), wherein the actuality of rhetoric and logic comes to the fore. "
High Th1/Th2 ratio in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Abstract: Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by increased platelet clearance because of antiplatelet antibodies. It was recently reported that the balance of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) subsets has been implicated in the regulation of many immune responses. In this study, the intracellular interleukin‐4 and interferon‐γ production in CD4+ T‐lymphocytes activated by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate and ionomycin was assessed via flow cytometry in order to determine the clinical significance of the Th1/Th2 ratio in 42 patients with ITP. The study cohort included 28 untreated patients, seven postprednisolone therapy patients and seven postsplenectomy patients. The mean level of the Th1/Th2 ratio in the untreated group was 36.9 (95% CI 25.8–47.9), and significantly higher than in the control group (mean 12.8, 95% CI 9.5–16.1). The mean levels of the Th1/Th2 ratio in the postprednisolone therapy and postsplenectomy groups were 20.5 (95% CI 8.4–32.6) and 16.4 (95% CI 3.1–29.7), respectively, but were no significant differences as compared with control subjects. When untreated patients were divided into two subgroups by Th1/Th2 ratio, the mean level of platelet associated IgG in the high Th1/Th2 subgroup (higher than upper limit of control group) tended to be higher than in the normal Th1/Th2 subgroup. In conclusion, the high Th1/Th2 ratio was closely related to the etiology and disease status of chronic ITP.
Tratamientos térmicos asisitidos con microondas en procesos de valorización energética

En esta tesis se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de la pirolisis de residuos organicos. Concretamente, el trabajo se ha enfocado hacia la optimizacion de los procesos de pirolisis para maximizar la fraccion gaseosa resultante y, dentro de esta, el rendimiento en gas de sintesis (mezcla de H2+CO). Los residuos de caracter organico (biomasa residual), objeto de estudio, fueron: lodos de EDARs de nucleos urbanos, un residuo de la industria agricola (cascarilla de cafe) y un subproducto industrial, la glicerina. Este ultimo, aunque no esta catalogado por la Lista Europea de Residuos (codigo LER), podria convertirse en un residuo si se incrementara la produccion de biodiesel como combustible de transporte. Como hecho novedoso, se ha estudiado la pirolisis asistida con microondas. Los resultados obtenidos con este tipo de pirolisis han sido comparados con los de otros procesos de pirolisis similares utilizando calentamiento convencional. En todos los casos, la pirolisis asistida con microondas ha demostrado conseguir un ahorro de tiempo (hasta del 60%), una mayor produccion de gases y una mejora del rendimiento de H2+CO, llegando a constituir hasta el 94% de la fraccion gaseosa. Como consecuencia del estudio de la pirolisis asistida con microondas, se ha propuesto un nuevo proceso que permite llevar a cabo el reformado seco de metano (reformado con CO2), utilizando catalizadores carbonosos y energia microondas, con rendimientos muy superiores a los alcanzados mediante calentamiento convencional.
Immunisation of adolescents in the UK

The recent introduction of routine immunisation against human papillomavirus (HPV) in adolescent girls in the UK has focused attention on the potential for immunisation in this age group. In this review the authors suggest that this is an opportunity that is not being fully utilised. In particular, there are arguments for adolescent vaccines to boost immunity against Bordetella pertussis and Neisseria meningitidis infections, and the successful implementation of the HPV vaccine could be taken as a model to prevent another sexually transmitted carcinogenic infection, hepatitis B virus.
Semi-supervised Learning of Instance-level Recognition from Video

Over the recent years, data-driven approaches that take advantage of the availability of large manually-annotated datasets have proven effective at visual perception tasks. We witnessed particularly rapid improvements in the image classification task, where machines now surpass human-level performance. However, the progress in certain instancelevel recognition tasks, such as object segmentation and human pose estimation, has not been as rapid. In part, the rate of improvement has been affected by the difficulty of manually annotating very large amounts of data for these tasks. In this work we explore if semi-supervised learning approaches that utilise unlabelled video data can provide a reasonably effective alternative to the manually annotated data for instance-level recognition. Central to our approaches is the idea that good models should consistently predict the same label for different pose and view variations of the same object instance. We employ a hard example mining heuristic to find video frames in which the model makes mistakes and correct them by combining the information from the remaining video frames. By noting that video can be seen just like a source of transformation, we generalise our approach to unlabelled images and apply it to the human pose estimation task. The resulting technique, which we call keypoint data distillation (KDD), is simple and very effective. Using a collection of unlabelled video frames, we show that the Mask R-CNN model combined with KDD achieves state-of-the-art results on the COCO Keypoint Challenge, outperforming all other entries by a significant margin.
Design principles for origin-destination flow maps

ABSTRACT Origin-destination flow maps are often difficult to read due to overlapping flows. Cartographers have developed design principles in manual cartography for origin-destination flow maps to reduce overlaps and increase readability. These design principles are identified and documented using a quantitative content analysis of 97 geographic origin-destination flow maps without branching or merging flows. The effectiveness of selected design principles is verified in a user study with 215 participants. Findings show that (a) curved flows are more effective than straight flows, (b) arrows indicate direction more effectively than tapered line widths, and (c) flows between nodes are more effective than flows between areas. These findings, combined with results from user studies in graph drawing, conclude that effective and efficient origin-destination flow maps should be designed according to the following design principles: overlaps between flows are minimized; symmetric flows are preferred to asymmetric flows; longer flows are curved more than shorter or peripheral flows; acute angles between crossing flows are avoided; sharp bends in flow lines are avoided; flows do not pass under unconnected nodes; flows are radially distributed around nodes; flow direction is indicated with arrowheads; and flow width is scaled with represented quantity.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae central nervous system infections

Purpose of reviewMycoplasma pneumoniae is associated with a wide range of central nervous system diseases, most importantly with childhood encephalitis. This review summarizes and discusses recent findings in the field of M. pneumoniae central nervous system infections in context with previously published findings, with reference to clinical spectrum, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Recent findingsFurther insight into the pathogenesis has been provided by studies on cytokine production and autoantibody formation. Some new manifestations have been described (e.g. Kluver–Bucy syndrome, intracranial hypertension). Anecdotal descriptions on the association of M. pneumoniae with uncommon neurologic diseases remain to be confirmed by additional reports, however, especially when aetiologic diagnosis relied exclusively on serology. New knowledge on treatment options targeting the immune system has been provided by isolated reports. Recent diagnostic advances refer to general methods (polymerase chain reaction, serology), without specific reference to neurologic disease. SummaryM. pneumoniae must be considered as causative agent of various neurologic diseases. The recent literature shows, however, that the clinical spectrum of M. pneumoniae central nervous system disease is still not well defined. In addition, the main future challenges are the investigation of the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae central nervous system disease and the establishment of therapeutic approaches.
The duck hepatitis B virus pre-C region encodes a signal sequence which is essential for synthesis and secretion of processed core proteins but not for virus formation

Analysis of the serum of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV)-infected ducks has revealed the presence of C-terminally truncated viral core proteins (e antigens). These proteins are glycosylated and therefore were not released from infected cells by lysis but rather by active secretion, indicating that the DHBV core protein can be synthesized alternatively as a cytoplasmic or a secretory protein. Transient expression of cloned wild-type DHBV DNA and of a specifically designed viral mutant in a human hepatoma cell line (Hep-G2) showed that the DHBV core gene promoter is active in differentiated human liver cells and that synthesis and secretion of the processed core proteins are dependent on the expression of the pre-C region, a small open reading frame which precedes the core gene. In addition, these experiments showed that the mechanism of core protein processing and secretion is conserved between DHBV and the human hepatitis B virus and therefore might be important for the hepatitis B virus life cycle in general. In spite of this, intrahepatic injection of the pre-C mutant into uninfected ducks resulted in viremia without concomitant e-antigen synthesis, indicating that virus formation is independent of pre-C expression.
True associations between resting fMRI time series based on innovations

We calculated voxel-by-voxel pairwise crosscorrelations between prewhitened resting-state BOLD fMRI time series recorded from 60 cortical areas (30 per hemisphere) in 18 human subjects (nine women and nine men). Altogether, more than a billion-and-a-quarter pairs of BOLD time series were analyzed. For each pair, a crosscorrelogram was computed by calculating 21 crosscorrelations, namely at zero lag ± 10 lags of 2 s duration each. For each crosscorrelogram, in turn, the crosscorrelation with the highest absolute value was found and its sign, value, and lag were retained for further analysis. In addition, the crosscorrelations at zero lag (irrespective of the location of the peak) were also analyzed as a special case. Based on known varying density of anatomical connectivity, we distinguished four general brain groups for which we derived summary statistics of crosscorrelations between voxels within an area (group I), between voxels of paired homotopic areas across the two hemispheres (group II), between voxels of an area and all other voxels in the same (ipsilateral) hemisphere (group III), and voxels of an area and all voxels in the opposite (contralateral) hemisphere (except those in the homotopic area) (group IV). We found the following. (a) Most of the crosscorrelogram peaks occurred at zero lag, followed by ±1 lag; (b) over all groups, positive crosscorrelations were much more frequent than negative ones; (c) average crosscorrelation was highest for group I, and decreased progressively for groups II–IV; (d) the ratio of positive over negative crosscorrelations was highest for group I and progressively smaller for groups II–IV; (e) the highest proportion of positive crosscorrelations (with respect to all positive ones) was observed at zero lag; and (f) the highest proportion of negative crosscorrelations (with respect to all negative ones) was observed at lag = 2. These findings reveal a systematic pattern of crosscorrelations with respect to their sign, magnitude, lag and brain group, as defined above. Given that these groups were defined along a qualitative gradient of known overall anatomical connectivity, our results suggest that functional interactions between two voxels may simply reflect the density of such anatomical connectivity between the areas to which the voxels belong.