Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formation and development of cavitation in a transparent nozzle with double orifices on different planes

ABSTRACT In this paper, the formation and development of cavitation in a transparent nozzle with double orifices on different planes are studied through a visual transparent nozzle experiment. The effect of different injection conditions on the formation and development of cavitation are analyzed. The results demonstrate that with a decrease in needle valve lift and an increase in injection pressure, the amount of cavitation is augmented, which significantly improves the energy utilization efficiency and reduces the emission of harmful substances. The instantaneous and mean images reveal that cavitation in the nozzle presents clear cycle-to-cycle variation and that string cavitation is related to the geometry of nozzle.
Exploring potential factors leading to effective training : an exclusive study on commercial banks in Cambodia

Purpose - A previous study found that the quality of education in Cambodia is poor compared to other developing countries. However, the working performance of commercial banks in Cambodia is high. It was speculated that effective training was the main factor underlying this contradiction. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to explore the elements of training conducted by commercial banks in Cambodia and to examine their relationship with training effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach - The research focuses on six factors: training needs assessment; training program; flexibility of training; self-efficacy; social support; and transfer of knowledge. The data came in the form of questionnaires and desk research. A descriptive analytical approach is then used to describe these six factors. Findings - The banking industry in Cambodia offers very effective training to its employees. It is also worth noting that more than 80 percent of employees are satisfied with the training, despite few attempts on the part of management to elicit opinions from employees on what training methods should be employed. Research limitations/implications - As research studies involving Cambodia are relatively rare, it was difficult for to gather primary data. Because of this limitation and the purpose of this study, descriptive data interpretation was employed. Practical implications – Even though training can make up for poor education, it is only a short-term solution. In the long term, education needs to be enhanced to increase working performance. Originality/value - This research provides a good framework for commercial banks in other developing countries to compare. A cross-cultural study is also proposed for future research.
Interference and the Translation of Phraseological Units in a Parallel and Multilingual Corpus

versions intermédiaires, ABSTRACT This paper will report on findings obtained from a corpus-based translation analysis of phraseological units on texts translated from German into Basque, with special emphasis placed on the shape that interference (Toury 1995/2012) takes in German-into-Basque literary translations. It will be shown not only that “typical” source language interference can be found in translated texts, but also that interference arises from other texts and/ or languages present in the translator’s mind, most commonly in this study; Spanish. For the purpose of carrying out such an analysis, a digitized, parallel and multilingual corpus was compiled consisting of German source texts (STs), Basque target texts (TTs) and their corresponding intermediary versions in cases of indirect translation. de este artículo es dar a conocer los resultados obtenidos de un análisis basado en corpus sobre la traducción de unidades fraseológicas (UF) en textos traducidos del alemán al vasco, y se hará especial hincapié en la interferencia (Toury 1995/2012) que pueda darse en dichas traducciones literarias. Los resultados muestran que en los textos traducidos no solo encontramos la interferencia «típica» ejercida por la lengua original, sino también otro tipo de interferencia que surge de otros textos y/o idiomas –en el caso del presente estudio, sobre todo del español– que están presentes en la mente del traductor. Para llevar a cabo el análisis, se ha creado un corpus digitalizado, paralelo y multilingüe compuesto por textos originales alemanes (TOs), textos meta en vasco (TMs) y las correspondientes versiones intermedias en el caso de las traducciones indirectas. de
Increasing Student Engagement and Retention using Mobile Applications: Smartphones, Skype and Texting Technologies

Increasing Student Engagement and Retention Using Mobile Applications: Smartphones, Skype and Texting Technologies examines new research on how mobile technologies are being used in higher education to increase learner engagement in an epoch of increasing globalization and diversity. These enabling technologies are reshaping and reframing the practice of teaching and learning in higher education. Through case studies, surveys, and literature reviews, this volume will examine how mobile technologies are being used to improve teamwork and leadership skills in students, to create engaging communities of practice, and how these technologies are being used to create inter-cultural and global experiences. This volume will also discuss frameworks for adopting and deploying these technologies. Format: Paperback Pagination: 250 Price: £65.99 $103.99 €78.99 Publication Date: 30th Jan 2013 ISBN: 9781781905098
Format Shift: Information Behavior and User Experience in the Academic E-book Environment

This article seeks to understand information behavior in the context of the academic e-book user experience, shaped by a disparate set of vendor platforms licensed by libraries. These platforms vary in design and affordances, yet studies of e-book use in an academic context often treat e-books as a unified phenomenon in opposition to print books. Based on participant diaries tracking e-book information behavior and follow-up interviews and focus groups on troubleshooting and format shifting behaviors, this study seeks to provide a deep qualitative look at decisions that academic users make about formats when encountering e-books. It identifies reasons for noted disparities between stated user preferences for print books while often using e-books instead. It also demonstrates the importance of considering e-books as a set of formats, rather than a unified experience, when evaluating e-book platforms or providing information services around a set of platforms. While e-book studies often point to a distinction between “use” of e-books and “reading” of print books by users, this study shows much more willingness to both use and read e-books for some tasks if platforms allow for offloading reading of content to preferred reading devices and apps. This has implications for collection development, advocacy with vendors, and for marketing to or consulting with users about e-book access and use options.
Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests

A supremely usable nuts-and-bolts guide for beginners A daily tool of the trade for specialists Handbook of Usability Testing gives you practical, step-by-step guidelines in plain English. Written by Jeffrey Rubin, it arms beginners with the full complement of proven testing tools and techniques. From software, GUIs, and technical documentation, to medical instruments, VCRs, and exercise bikes, no matter what your product, you'll learn to design and administer extremely reliable tests to ensure that people find it easy and desirable to use. * Requires no engineering or human factors training* A rigorous, step-by-step approach - with an eye to common gaffes and pitfalls - saves you months of trial and error* Liberally peppered with real-life examples and case histories taken from a wide range of industries* Packed with extremely usable templates, models, tables, test plans, and other indispensable tools of the trade
On Dimension-free Tail Inequalities for Sums of Random Matrices and Applications

In this paper, we present a new framework to obtain tail inequalities for sums of random matrices. Compared with existing works, our tail inequalities have the following characteristics: 1) high feasibility--they can be used to study the tail behavior of various matrix functions, e.g., arbitrary matrix norms, the absolute value of the sum of the sum of the $j$ largest singular values (resp. eigenvalues) of complex matrices (resp. Hermitian matrices); and 2) independence of matrix dimension --- they do not have the matrix-dimension term as a product factor, and thus are suitable to the scenario of high-dimensional or infinite-dimensional random matrices. The price we pay to obtain these advantages is that the convergence rate of the resulting inequalities will become slow when the number of summand random matrices is large. We also develop the tail inequalities for matrix random series and matrix martingale difference sequence. We also demonstrate usefulness of our tail bounds in several fields. In compressed sensing, we employ the resulted tail inequalities to achieve a proof of the restricted isometry property when the measurement matrix is the sum of random matrices without any assumption on the distributions of matrix entries. In probability theory, we derive a new upper bound to the supreme of stochastic processes. In machine learning, we prove new expectation bounds of sums of random matrices matrix and obtain matrix approximation schemes via random sampling. In quantum information, we show a new analysis relating to the fractional cover number of quantum hypergraphs. In theoretical computer science, we obtain randomness-efficient samplers using matrix expander graphs that can be efficiently implemented in time without dependence on matrix dimensions.
Entanglement-Enabled Communication

We introduce and analyse a multiple-access channel with two senders and one receiver, in the presence of i.i. d. noise coming from the environment. Partial side information about the environmental states allows the senders to modulate their signals accordingly. An adversarial jammer with its own access to information on environmental states and the modulation signals can jam a fraction of the transmissions. Our results show that for many choices of the system parameters, entanglement shared between the two senders allows them to communicate at non-zero rates with the receiver, while for the same parameters the system forbids any communication without entanglement-assistance, even if the senders have access to common randomness (local correlations).
Norm of Tensor Product, Tensor Norm, Cubic Power and Gelfand Limit

We establish two inequalities for the nuclear norm and the spectral norm of tensor products. The first inequality indicts that the nuclear norm of the square matrix is a matrix norm. We extend the concept of matrix norm to tensor norm. We show that the $1$-norm, the Frobenius norm and the nuclear norm of tensors are tensor norms but the infinity norm and the spectral norm of tensors are not tensor norms. We introduce the cubic power for a general third order tensor, and show that the cubic power of a general third order tensor tends to zero as the power increases to infinity, if there is a tensor norm such that the tensor norm of that third order tensor is less than one. Then we raise a question on a possible Gelfand formula for a general third order tensor. Preliminary numerical results show that a spectral radius-like limit exists in general. We show that if such a Gelfand limit exists for one norm, then it exists for all the other norms with the same value. This limit is zero for all third order nilpotent tensors.
Properties of the dense core population in Orion B as seen by the Herschel Gould Belt survey

We present a detailed study of the Orion B molecular cloud complex (d ~ 400 pc), which was imaged with the PACS and SPIRE photometric cameras at wavelengths from 70 to 500 μm as part of the Herschel Gould Belt survey (HGBS). We release new high-resolution maps of column density and dust temperature for the whole complex, derived in the same consistent manner as for other HGBS regions. In the filamentary subregions NGC 2023 and 2024, NGC 2068 and 2071, and L1622, a total of 1768 starless dense cores were identified based on Herschel data, 490–804 (~28−45%) of which are self-gravitating prestellar cores that will likely form stars in the future. A total of 76 protostellar dense cores were also found. The typical lifetime of the prestellar cores was estimated to be tpreOrionB = 1.7−0.6+0.8Myr. The prestellar core mass function (CMF) derived for the whole sample of prestellar cores peaks at ~0.5 M⊙ (in dN/dlogM format) and is consistent with a power-law with logarithmic slope −1.27 ± 0.24 at the high-mass end, compared to the Salpeter slope of − 1.35. In the Orion B region, we confirm the existence of a transition in prestellar core formation efficiency (CFE) around a fiducial value AVbg ~ 7 mag in background visual extinction, which is similar to the trend observed with Herschel in other regions, such as the Aquila cloud. This is not a sharp threshold, however, but a smooth transition between a regime with very low prestellar CFE at AVbg < 5 and a regime with higher, roughly constant CFE at AVbg ≳ 10. The total mass in the form of prestellar cores represents only a modest fraction (~20%) of the dense molecular cloud gas above AVbg ≳ 7 mag. About 60–80% of the prestellar cores are closely associated with filaments, and this fraction increases up to >90% when a more complete sample of filamentary structures is considered. Interestingly, the median separation observed between nearest core neighbors corresponds to the typical inner filament width of ~0.1 pc, which is commonly observed in nearby molecular clouds, including Orion B. Analysis of the CMF observed as a function of background cloud column density shows that the most massive prestellar cores are spatially segregated in the highest column density areas, and suggests that both higher- and lower-mass prestellar cores may form in denser filaments.
Cribriform pattern detection in prostate histopathological images using deep learning models

Architecture, size, and shape of glands are most important patterns used by pathologists for assessment of cancer malignancy in prostate histopathological tissue slides. Varying structures of glands along with cumbersome manual observations may result in subjective and inconsistent assessment. Cribriform gland with irregular border is an important feature in Gleason pattern 4. We propose using deep neural networks for cribriform pattern classification in prostate histopathological images. $163708$ Hematoxylin and Eosin (H\&E) stained images were extracted from histopathologic tissue slides of $19$ patients with prostate cancer and annotated for cribriform patterns. Our automated image classification system analyses the H\&E images to classify them as either `Cribriform' or `Non-cribriform'. Our system uses various deep learning approaches and hand-crafted image pixel intensity-based features. We present our results for cribriform pattern detection across various parameters and configuration allowed by our system. The combination of fine-tuned deep learning models outperformed the state-of-art nuclei feature based methods. Our image classification system achieved the testing accuracy of $85.93~\pm~7.54$ (cross-validated) and $88.04~\pm~5.63$ ( additional unseen test set) across three folds. In this paper, we present an annotated cribriform dataset along with analysis of deep learning models and hand-crafted features for cribriform pattern detection in prostate histopathological images.
Photophoretic Levitation of Macroscopic Nanocardboard Plates

Scaling down miniature rotorcraft and flapping‐wing flyers to sub‐centimeter dimensions is challenging due to complex electronics requirements, manufacturing limitations, and the increase in viscous damping at low Reynolds numbers. Photophoresis, or light‐driven fluid flow, was previously used to levitate solid particles without any moving parts, but only with sizes of 1–20 µm. Here, architected metamaterial plates with 50 nm thickness are leveraged to realize photophoretic levitation at the millimeter to centimeter scales. Instead of creating lift through conventional rotors or wings, the nanocardboard plates levitate due to light‐induced thermal transpiration through microchannels within the plates, enabled by their extremely low mass and thermal conductivity. At atmospheric pressure, the plates hover above a solid substrate at heights of ≈0.5 mm by creating an air cushion beneath the plate. Moreover, at reduced pressures (10–200 Pa), the increased speed of thermal transpiration through the plate's channels creates an air jet that enables mid‐air levitation and allows the plates to carry small payloads heavier than the plates themselves. The macroscopic metamaterial structures demonstrate the potential of this new mechanism of flight to realize nanotechnology‐enabled flying vehicles without any moving parts in the Earth's upper atmosphere and at the surface of other planets.
A Study of the Spelling Errors committed by Students of English in Saudi Arabia: Exploration and Remedial Measures

The craziness of English spelling has undeniably perplexed learners, especially in an EFL context as in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In these situations, among other obstacles, learners also have to tackle the perpetual and unavoidable problem of MT interference. Sadly, this perplexity takes the shape of a real problem in the language classroom where the English teacher has a tough time rationalizing with the learners why ‘cough’ is not spelt as /kuf/ or ‘knee’ has to do with a silent /k/. It is observed that students of English as second/foreign language in Saudi Arabia commit spelling errors that cause not only a lot of confusion to the teachers but also lower the self-esteem of the students concerned. The current study aims to identify the key problem areas as far as English spelling ability of Saudi EFL learners is concerned. It aims to also suggest remedial and pedagogical measures to improve the learners’ competence in this crucial, though hitherto, nascent skill area in the Saudi education system. Keywords : EFL; error-pattern, spelling instructions, orthography, phonology, vocabulary, language skills, language users
Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces

Do you spend a lot of time during the design process wondering what users really need? Do you hate those endless meetings where you argue how the interface should work? Have you ever developed something that later had to be completely redesigned? Paper Prototyping can help. Written by a usability engineer with a long and successful paper prototyping history, this book is a practical, how-to guide that will prepare you to create and test paper prototypes of all kinds of user interfaces. You'll see how to simulate various kinds of interface elements and interactions. You'll learn about the practical aspects of paper prototyping, such as deciding when the technique is appropriate, scheduling the activities, and handling the skepticism of others in your organization. Numerous case studies and images throughout the book show you real world examples of paper prototyping at work. Learn how to use this powerful technique to develop products that are more useful, intuitive, efficient, and pleasing: * Save time and money - solve key problems before implementation begins * Get user feedback early - use it to focus the development process * Communicate better - involve development team members from a variety of disciplines * Be more creative - experiment with many ideas before committing to one *Enables designers to solve design problems before implementation begins *Five case studies provide real world examples of paper prototyping at work *Delves into the specifics of what types of projects paper prototyping is and isn't good for. Table of Contents Foreword by Jakon Nielsen Acknowledgments Part I-Introduction to Paper Prototyping Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Case Studies Chapter 3: Thinking about Prototyping Chapter 4: Making a Paper Prototype Part II-Process: Conducting a Usability Study with a Paper Prototype Chapter 5: Planning a Usability Study with a Paper Prototype Chapter 6: Task Design Chapter 7: Preparing the Prototype Chapter 8: Introduction to Usability Test Facilitation Chapter 9: Usability Testing with a Paper Prototype Chapter 10: Observers Chapter 11: Data: Capturing, Prioritizing, and Communicating Part III-Deciding Whether to Use Paper Chapter 12: What Paper Is (and Isn't) Good For Chapter 13: The Politics of Paper Prototyping Chapter 14: When to Use Paper Part IV-Broadening the Focus Chapter 15: Examples of User-Centered Design Chapter 16: Final Thoughts References Index Figure Credits About the Author
Dwarfs or Giants? Stellar Metallicities and Distances from ugrizG Multiband Photometry

We present a new fully data-driven algorithm that uses photometric data from the Canada–France Imaging Survey (CFIS; u), Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1; griz), and Gaia (G) to discriminate between dwarf and giant stars and to estimate their distances and metallicities. The algorithm is trained and tested using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)/SEGUE spectroscopic data set and Gaia photometric/astrometric data set. At [Fe/H] < −1.2, the algorithm succeeds in identifying more than 70% of the giants in the training/test set, with a dwarf contamination fraction below 30% (with respect to the SDSS/SEGUE data set). The photometric metallicity estimates have uncertainties better than 0.2 dex when compared with the spectroscopic measurements. The distances estimated by the algorithm are valid out to a distance of at least ∼80 kpc without requiring any prior on the stellar distribution and have fully independent uncertainties that take into account both random and systematic errors. These advances allow us to estimate these stellar parameters for approximately 12 million stars in the photometric data set. This will enable studies involving the chemical mapping of the distant outer disk and the stellar halo, including their kinematics using the Gaia proper motions. This type of algorithm can be applied in the southern hemisphere to the first release of LSST data, thus providing an almost complete view of the external components of our Galaxy out to at least ∼80 kpc. Critical to the success of these efforts will be ensuring well-defined spectroscopic training sets that sample a broad range of stellar parameters with minimal biases. A catalog containing the training/test set and all relevant parameters within the public footprint of CFIS is available online.
Automated Approach to Improve IoT Privacy Policies

The massive growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) as a network of interconnected entities [18], brings up new challenges in terms of privacy and security requirements to the traditional software engineering domain [4]. To protect the individuals' privacy, the FTC's Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs) [6] proposes to companies to give notice to the consumer about their data practices, provide them with choices and give them means to have control over their own data. Using privacy policy is the most common way for this type of notices. However, privacy policies are not generally effective due to two main reasons: first, privacy policies are long and full of legal jargon which are not understandable by a normal user; second, it is not guaranteed that an IoT device behave as it is explained in its privacy policy. In this technical report, we propose and discuss our methodologies to analyze privacy policies. By the help of this analysis, we reduce the length of a privacy policy and make it organized based on privacy practices to improve understanding level for the user. We also come up with a method to find the inconsistencies between IoT devices and their privacy policies.