Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Impact of Two After-School Programs

An evaluation was undertaken of outcomes associated with participation or non-participation by students in grades three to six in two different after-school recreation programs. A variety of outcome measures were utilized including student grades, attendance, tardiness, self-esteem, and problematic behaviors (home and school). Comparison of program participants and non-participants indicated significant differences in math, science, reading, and language grades at the end of the year after controlling for beginning of the year grades, socioeconomic status, gender and age. Differences in general self-esteem were also noted. For all significant variables, students partiCipating more often in the after-school program appeared to show greater impact. No differences emerged in ratings of problematic behaviors or academic self-esteem.
Genetic and Functional Diversity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype B Nef Primary Isolates

ABSTRACT We have characterized the functional integrity of seven primary Nef isolates: five from a long-term nonprogressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individual and one each from two patients with AIDS. One of the seven Nefs was defective for CD4 downregulation, two others were defective for PAK-2 activation, and one Nef was defective for PAK-2 activation and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I downregulation. Five of the Nefs were tested and found to be functional for the enhancement of virus particle infectivity. The structural basis for each of the functional defects has been analyzed by constructing a consensus nef, followed by mutational analysis of the variant amino acid residues. Mutations A29V and F193I were deleterious to CD4 downregulation and PAK-2 activation, respectively, while S189R rendered Nef defective for both MHC class I downregulation and PAK-2 activation. A search of the literature identified HIVs from five patients with Nefs predominantly mutated at F193 and from one patient with Nefs predominantly mutated at A29. A29 is highly conserved in all HIV subtypes except for subtype E. F193 is conserved in subtype B (and possibly in the closely related subtype D), but none of the other HIV group M subtypes. Our results suggest that functional distinctions may exist between HIV subtypes.
The omission of subject arguments in children with Specific Language Impairment

Ten children with specific language impairment (SLI) were compared to two groups of normally developing children for the production of grammatical subjects in sentences of varying length and argument structure complexity. The normal controls consisted of a group of younger children matched for mean length of utterance (MLU) and a group matched for chronological age. The participants were asked to produce sentences of varied argument structure complexity using a story completion task. The results indicated that both the children with SLI and the MLU controls omitted more subject arguments in the ditransitive sentences than in sentences with intransitive and ditransitive verbs. In addition, more children with SLI omitted subject arguments as linguistic complexity increased. This effect was not found for the normal age control children who never omitted subjects, regardless of increases in argument structure complexity. These results support the notion that grammatical errors in both children with SLI and their younger, normal counterparts may be due to problems with processing complex linguistic information rather than with limitations in linguistic knowledge.
Comparison of Two-Hand Kettlebell Exercise and Graded Treadmill Walking: Effectiveness as a Stimulus for Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Abstract Thomas, JF, Larson, KL, Hollander, DB, and Kraemer, RR. Comparison of two-hand kettlebell exercise and graded treadmill walking: Effectiveness as a stimulus for cardiorespiratory fitness. J Strength Cond Res 28(4): 998–1006, 2014—Prevailing interest in the use of kettlebell (KB) exercises for rehabilitation and improvement of muscular strength has led to several recent studies, some suggesting that KB exercise may be useful for improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness. The purpose of this study was to determine whether KB exercise would produce similar cardiovascular stress to that of walking and thus provide an additional exercise mode for the improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness. It was hypothesized that a moderate-intensity, continuous KB protocol, would produce similar metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses as a brisk bout of graded treadmill (TM) walking, but greater rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Ten novice volunteers (5 men, 5 women) completed a preliminary session to determine body composition and V[Combining Dot Above]O2max and to familiarize participants with standardized KB exercise technique. Subsequently, they completed a 30-minute KB session that included 3 continuous 10-minute sets of 10 KB swings followed by 10 sumo deadlifts, with 3-minute rests between 10-minute exercise periods. The third session was a 30-minute TM regimen that began at the walking speed and 4% grade that matched the V[Combining Dot Above]O2 from the KB session and included 3-minute rest intervals after 10-minute TM exercise periods. V[Combining Dot Above]O2, respiratory exchange ratio, kcal·min−1, and blood pressure were similar for KB and moderate-intensity TM exercise, but RPE and heart rate were greater during KB exercise. Data indicate that a KB routine consisting of 2-hand swings and sumo deadlifts with 3-minute rest periods produces similar metabolic responses to those of a moderate-intensity TM walking protocol designed for the improvement of aerobic fitness.
Biochemical and biological properties of the human N-ras p21 protein

We characterized the normal (Gly-12) and two mutant (Asp-12 and Val-12) forms of human N-ras proteins produced by Escherichia coli. No significant differences were found between normal and mutant p21 proteins in their affinities for GTP or GDP. Examination of GTPase activities revealed significant differences between the mutant p21s: the Val-12 mutant retained 12% of wild-type GTPase activity, whereas the Asp-12 mutant retained 43%. Both mutant proteins, however, were equally potent in causing morphological transformation and increased cell motility after their microinjection into quiescent NIH 3T3 cells. This lack of correlation between transforming potency and GTPase activity or guanine nucleotide binding suggests that position 12 mutations affect other aspects of p21 function.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Left Ventricle Function in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Potential Therapeutic Considertions

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a key role in angiogenesis and vascular repair, although their exact functions are still disputable. The impact of EPC on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is also under investigation. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different populations of EPC on LVEF during and 6 months after acute MI treated with primary PCI. The study included 34 patients with documented acute anterior wall MI. The control group consisted of 19 apparently healthy subjects. Blood for EPC assessments was obtained during the first 24 hours after MI and at 7 days and 6 months after PCI. CD34+/CD133+/CD45−, CD34+/CD31+/CD45−, CD34+/CD105+/CD45−, and CD31+/CD133+/CD45− cell types were studied by flow cytometry. Echocardiography has been performed simultaneously with the EPC measurements. We observed a significant elevation of CD34+/CD133+/CD45−, CD34+/CD105+/CD45−, and CD31+/CD133+/CD45− EPC at 7 days after PCI in comparison with 24 hours and 6 months after the MI. Patients with preserved LVEF at 7 days after PCI had also higher levels of CD31+/CD133+/CD45−. Acute anterior wall MI treated with primary PCI is followed by enhanced mobilization of EPC among which a high level of CD31+/CD133+/CD45− subtype was strongly associated with the most preserved LVEF for up to 6 months after the index event. These data may provide some insight for future therapeutic strategies.
Business incubators as economic development tools: rethinking models based on the Korea experience

The growth rate of Korean business incubators (BI) is explosive compared to growth rate of incubation programs in the United States of America. The authors' secondary and primary research reveals that the stresses of rapid growth exposed difficulties with existing models. These difficulties can be better addressed by working models that extend existing, descriptive frameworks and models. It is hoped the working models presented in this article will aid in dealing with the challenges faced by the Korean BI industry, and will perhaps have general application to the 3,000 plus BI in other countries.
Muscle and tendon connective tissue adaptation to unloading, exercise and NSAID

Abstract The extracellular matrix network of skeletal muscle and tendon connective tissue is primarily composed of collagen and connects the muscle contractile protein to the bones in the human body. The mechanical properties of the connective tissue are important for the effectiveness of which the muscle force is transformed into movement. Periods of unloading and exercise affect the synthesis rate of connective tissue collagen protein, whereas only sparse information exits regarding collagen protein degradation. It is likely, though, that changes in both collagen protein synthesis and degradation are required for remodeling of the connective tissue internal structure that ultimately results in altered mechanical properties of the connective tissue. Both unloading and exercise lead to increased production of growth factors and inflammatory mediators that are involved in connective tissue remodeling. Despite the fact that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs seem to inhibit the healing process of connective tissue and the stimulating effect of exercise on connective tissue protein synthesis, these drugs are often consumed in relation to connective tissue injury and soreness. However, the potential effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on connective tissue needs further investigation.
Bilingual Language Switching in Naming: Asymmetrical Costs of Language Selection

Abstract In an experimental study of language switching and selection, bilinguals named numerals in either their first or second language unpredictably. Response latencies (RTs) on switch trials (where the response language changed from the previous trial) were slower than on nonswitch trials. As predicted, the language-switching cost was consistently larger when switching to the dominant L 1 from the weaker L 2 than vice versa such that, on switch trials, L 1 responses were slower than in L 2 . This “paradoxical” asymmetry in the cost of switching languages is explained in terms of differences in relative strength of the bilingual's two languages and the involuntary persistence of the previous language set across an intended switch of language. Naming in the weaker language, L 2 , requires active inhibition or suppression of the stronger competitor language, L 1 ; the inhibition persists into the following (switch) trial in the form of “negative priming” of the L 1 lexicon as a whole.
A comparison of gas exchange indices used to detect the anaerobic threshold.

This study was undertaken to determine which of four commonly used ventilatory or gas exchange indices provides the most accurate and reliable detection of the anaerobic threshold (AT). Sixteen subjects performed two cycle ergometer tests to volitional fatigue. After 4 min of unloaded cycling, the work rate was increased 20 W/min. Ventilatory and gas exchange measurements were made every 30 s throughout each test. During one of the two tests (randomly assigned), venous blood was also sampled every 30 s for subsequent determinations of blood lactate (HLa) concentration. Four ventilatory and gas exchange indices (VE, VCO2, R, VE/VO2) were used separately to detect the AT. The AT determined from systematic increases in HLa concentration was used as the criterion measure. AT values (means +/- SE) (VO2, l/min) using VE, VCO2, R, VE/VO2, and HLa were 1.79 +/- 0.11, 1.74 +/- 0.11, 1.58 +/- 0.06, 1.84 +/- 0.11, and 1.85 +/- 0.11 l/min, respectively. The highest correlation between a ventilatory or gas exchange AT and ATHLa (i.e., criterion measure) was found for VE/VO2 (r=0.93, P less than 0.001). The VE/VO2 also provided the highest test-retest correlation for detection of the AT (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001). Multiple correlational analyses did not significantly enhance detection of the AT. These results favor the use of VE/VO2 for noninvasive detection of the AT because it proved to be the most sensitive and reliable ventilatory or gas exchange index studied.
Fc epsilon RI-mediated recruitment of p53/56lyn to detergent-resistant membrane domains accompanies cellular signaling.

Detergent-resistant plasma membrane structures, such as caveolae, have been implicated in signalling, transport, and vesicle trafficking functions. Using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, we have isolated low-density, Triton X-100-insoluble membrane domains from RBL-2H3 mucosal mast cells that contain several markers common to caveolae, including a src-family tyrosine kinase, p53/56lyn. Aggregation of Fc epsilon RI, the high-affinity IgE receptor, causes a significant increase in the amount of p53/56lyn associated with these low-density membrane domains. Under our standard conditions for lysis, IgE-Fc epsilon RI fractionates with the majority of the solubilized proteins, whereas aggregated receptor complexes are found at a higher density in the gradient. Stimulated translocation of p53/56lyn is accompanied by increased tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins in the low-density membrane domains as well as enhanced in vitro tyrosine kinase activity toward these proteins and an exogenous substrate. With a lower detergent-to-cell ratio during lysis, significant Fc epsilon RI remains associated with these membrane domains, consistent with the ability to coimmunoprecipitate tyrosine kinase activity with Fc epsilon RI under similar lysis conditions [Pribluda, V. S. , Pribluda, C. & Metzger, H. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 11246-11250]. These results indicate that specialized membrane domains may be directly involved in the coupling of receptor aggregation to the activation of signaling events.
Formaldehyde toxicity--new understanding.

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Constitutive neuronal expression of CCR2 chemokine receptor and its colocalization with neurotransmitters in normal rat brain: Functional effect of MCP‐1/CCL2 on calcium mobilization in primary cultured neurons

Chemokines and their receptors are well described in the immune system, where they promote cell migration and activation. In the central nervous system, chemokine has been implicated in neuroinflammatory processes. However, an increasing number of evidence suggests that they have regulatory functions in the normal nervous system, where they could participate in cell communication. In this work, using a semiquantitative immunohistochemistry approach, we provide the first neuroanatomical mapping of constitutive neuronal CCR2 localization. Neuronal expression of CCR2 was observed in the anterior olfactory nucleus, cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, caudate putamen, globus pallidus, supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, amygdala, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and in the brainstem and cerebellum. These data are largely in accordance with results obtained using quantitative autoradiography with [125I]MCP‐1/CCL2 and RT‐PCR CCR2 mRNA analysis. Furthermore, using dual fluorescent immunohistochemistry we studied the chemical phenotype of labeled neurons and demonstrated the coexistence of CCR2 with classical neurotransmitters. Indeed, localization of CCR2 immunostaining is observed in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and in the ventral tegmental area as well as in cholinergic neurons in the substantia innominata and caudate putamen. Finally, we show that the preferential CCR2 ligand, MCP‐1/CCL2, elicits Ca2+ transients in primary cultured neurons from various rat brain regions including the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and mesencephalon. In conclusion, the constitutive neuronal CCR2 expression in selective brain structures suggests that this receptor could be involved in neuronal communication and possibly associated with cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission and related disorders. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:178–192, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Finnish Compound Structure: Experiments with a Morphologically Impaired Patient

The present study addresses two major aspects of compound processing, namely the issues of access code and structural effects (headedness), with an extensively studied deep dyslexic patient, HH, who has previously been shown to suffer from morphological impairment. In oral reading of compounds, HH preserves their morphological structure and, at the same time, shows additional processing load in increased errors compared to monomorphemic and derived words. Our data suggest that semantically transparent Finnish compounds are decomposed into their constituents at the level of lexical access. Furthermore, there is a processing asymmetry between the constituents, since several qualitative features of HH's reading performance suggest that it is the first constituent which primarily serves as the initial access code.
Histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of ventricular ependymoma in a goat

Ependymomas as primary central nervous system neoplasms are occasionally observed in human infants however; they are rare in animals. A three-year-old male goat was presented with clinical neurological signs. At necropsy, a 3×2×2 cm, bulging, white-grey- to red, soft mass extending into the left lateral ventricle of brain was observed. Microscopically, the mass with densely cellular population was nonencapsulated, mostly containing cuboidal-columnar neoplastic cells with pseudo-rosettes formation. Mitotic figures were rare and malignancy indexes were not observed. Neoplastic cells were immunohistochemically positive for Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), S-100, and vimentin; however, they did not express Cytokeratins. On the basis of the location, histologic and immunohistochemical findings, the tumor was diagnosed as an ependymoma.
Replacement of ParC α4 Helix with That of GyrA Increases the Stability and Cytotoxicity of Topoisomerase IV-Quinolone-DNA Ternary Complexes

ABSTRACT Replacement of the α4 helix of ParC with that of GyrA increased the stability of topoisomerase IV-quinolone-DNA ternary complexes. This mutant topoisomerase IV-mediated cell killing was more efficient than topoisomerase IV-mediated cell killing in Escherichia coli. Thus, the α4 helix plays critical roles in determining the stability and the cytotoxicity of ternary complexes.
Tunable electrochemical switches based on ultrathin organic films.

We have performed electroreduction of bisthienyl aminobenzene and thienyl aminobenzene diazonium salts on glassy carbon and polycrystalline gold and generated ultrathin organic films. This method allows covalent bonding between the corresponding aromatic radical and the electrode. Electrochemical behaviors of these modified electrodes toward reversible outer-sphere redox species show unusual properties. No current is observed in the potential range where redox probe reactions on bare electrodes usually occur. The organic layer totally blocks the electrode in such a potential window. Above a threshold voltage, the current dramatically increases and an “irreversible” wave is observed. These results reveal that ultrathin organic layers constitute a reversible conductance switch. Moreover, the threshold voltage of this organic layer can be tuned by nature of the π-conjugated molecules grafted onto the electrode. Such junctions based on conjugated oligomers with a well-defined metal/oligomer interface retainin.
Primary stenting in nonselected patients with acute myocardial infarction: The Multilink Duet in Acute Myocardial Infarction (MIAMI) trial

Most randomized trials comparing primary stenting with primary coronary angioplasty (PTCA) excluded patients at high risk from enrollment, thus arising the important question about the generalizability of the randomized trial results to all patients with AMI. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a primary infarct‐related artery (IRA) stenting strategy using a second‐generation tubular stent in nonselected patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). All patients with AMI were considered eligible for primary IRA stenting. No restriction was made based on age or clinical status on presentation, or coronary anatomy, except in cases of a reference IRA diameter < 2.5 mm. The primary endpoint of the study was clinical target vessel failure defined as death, reinfarction, or repeat TVR due to restenosis or reocclusion of the IRA. Between June 1998 and March 1999, 201 consecutive patients with AMI underwent mechanical recanalization of the IRA. The mean age was 64 ± 12, and 16% of patients were aged 75 years or over. The incidence of shock was 9%. Primary IRA stenting was performed in 89% of the patients. Patients who underwent PTCA alone had a smaller IRA diameter as compared to patients with a stented IRA (2.48 ± 0.46 mm vs. 3.15 ± 0.37 mm; P < 0.001). There were no stent deployment failures. The 6‐month primary endpoint rate was 15% (2 deaths, 27 repeat TVR, 0 reinfarctions), while the 6‐month angiographic restenosis rate was 22%. Primary IRA stenting in nonselected patients with AMI is highly feasible and associated with favorable clinical and angiographic outcomes. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 51:273–279, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telemedicine improves eye examination rates in individuals with diabetes: a model for eye-care delivery in underserved communities.

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of impairment and blindness in the working population (1), yet little is known about eye examination rates in rural and ethnically diverse communities. We examined a model of health care delivery utilizing telemedicine in a primary care setting to improve retinal examination rates in a rural and ethnically diverse community in South Carolina. A randomized clinical trial was conducted to formally evaluate the effectiveness of a telemedicine retinal screening program (TRSP) compared with usual …