Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital and non-verbal communication in preschool: A systematic review

The aim of this research is to reflect on the importance, since preschool, of both verbal and non-verbal language, which is the unintentional communication or body language. This is done to assure a better self-awareness, to establish positive and effective relationships, to prevent conflicts and to empathically understand oneself and other people’s feelings. Furthermore, students are digital natives, so they require digitally equipped environments, with which they are familiar from an early age. On the other hand, teachers are digital immigrants, because they have only come in contact with digital devices as adults; as a consequence, they pay the price for the generation gap which distinguishes them from digital natives, whose mindset is more involved in the dynamics of change and whose lives are symbiotically connected to technology. Therefore, teachers need an adequate training for media management in classrooms. The review process focused on 36 international articles (20 articles and 16 investigations) and 4811participants; the inclusion.
How to Get Rid of the Belief Bias: Boosting Analytical Thinking via Pragmatics

The previous research attempts to reduce the influence of the belief bias on deductive thinking have often been unsuccessful and, when they succeeded, they failed to replicate. In this paper, we propose a new way to see an old problem. Instead of considering the analytical abilities of the respondent, we focus on the communicative characteristics of the experimental task. By changing the pragmatics into play through a subtle manipulation of the instruction of the syllogism problem, we obtained a strong improvement in the accuracy of the performance in both untrained and trained in logic respondents. We suggest that current models of deductive thinking should be broadened to consider also communicative understanding as part of the processing of the problem.
ADOLESCENT MARIJUANA USE AND ADULT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

An increasing number of states in the United States (U.S.) today are legalizing marijuana for adult recreational consumption (Robinson et al., 2018), and nearly 40% of American 12 graders have used marijuana in the past year (Miech et al., 2018). At the same time, 1 in 10 American adults have not attained a high school diploma and another ~5 in 10 have not attained a degree beyond a high school diploma (U.S. Census Bureau, 2017). A few prior longitudinal studies suggest that marijuana use during adolescence is negatively associated with adult educational attainment; however, findings also indicate that associations become attenuated after consideration of potential confounding variables. Theoretical perspectives support the hypothesis that other factors may play a role in the overall negative associations between adolescent marijuana use and adult educational attainment. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health, Harris et al., 2017), a nationally representative cohort study of adolescents who were enrolled in grades 7-12 during the 1994-1995 school year and were re-interviewed in 2008-2009 (N=3,463), this study investigated whether various measures of marijuana use during adolescence – lifetime use, frequent use, and use before age 15 – have a direct effect on attaining a high school diploma/GED, completing vocational/technical training after high school, attaining a bachelor’s degree, and attaining a master’s degree, independent of any mediating effects contributed by the following variables: grades in school, having a job, use of other substances, peer substance use, parental relationship, and various indicators of engagement/disengagement
Labor Market Institutions and Unemployment: A Critical Assessment of the Cross-Country Evidence, CES Working Paper, no. 98, 2003

In the last twenty five years, there has been a sharp divergence in trends in the unemployment rate among OECD countries, with some seeing much larger increases in unemployment than others. This divergence is usually explained by institutions that lead to labor market inflexibility – generous unemployment benefits, employment protections, and strong unions – in countries with high unemployment rates. This paper examines the evidence for this view. It shows that there is no simple bivariate relationship between standard measures of labor market institutions and unemployment rates across countries. It then critically examines several of the most often cited studies that support the labor market inflexibility view. It finds that these studies present relatively weak and to some extent contradictory support for the labor market inflexibility view. Finally, the paper presents the results of a set of tests designed to replicate some of the earlier multivariate analyses with more current data. These tests consistently fail to find robust evidence to support the labor market inflexibility view.
Primary music teachers’ efficacy in Hong Kong’s inclusive classrooms

ABSTRACT This study analyses responses (n = 309, across 94 schools) to the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Zhang and Schwarzer [1995]. “Measuring Optimistic Self-Beliefs: A Chinese Adaptation of the General Self-Efficacy Scale.” Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient 38 (3): 174–181) from Hong Kong primary teachers of inclusive music classes. Analysis of these results sheds light on the impact that contextual reforms have on these non-core subject music teachers’ practice. Respondents’ perceived self-efficacy is moderate – characterised as a see-saw relationship between their personal and external domains. A possible behavioural intervention suggests professional-sharing being further enriched were current Education Bureau’s in-service SEN courses to be inclusive of all primary school subjects, including music. Specific factors that underpin these respondents ‘moderate’ self-efficacy are identified as forming two clusters, human resource management and stress, with possible behavioural interventions for these being outlined.
PowerPoint-based quizzes in wave motion: Performance and experiences of students

The effect of PowerPoint Presentation–based (PPPb) quiz to the students’ scores has been rarely studied. It is the intention of this research to understand the effect of PPPb quiz to students score in wave motion and the students’ experiences under such a strategy. This research used a mixed approach: quasi-experimental to learn if scores gain was significant, and thematic analysis was used to know the experiences of the students. The results confirmed that PPPb quiz has indeed increased the scores of the students. Statistical analysis verified that this increase was significant. On the thematic analysis, students manifested comparing oral quiz to PPPb, caught their attention, and vivid communication. Therefore, the effect of PPPb was significant to the students because it positively impacted their scores in wave motion and promoted vivid communication among students.
Males’ Motives for Choosing a Nursing Career: A Quantitative Study

At present, in Israel and all over the world, there is still a great shortage of academic nurses. Nursing is considered a ‘feminine’ profession; therefore, not many men choose it. Males constitute between 5 and 10 percent of the nursing work force in England, the USA and Canada. For instance, in 2000, only 5.4% of nurses in the USA were men. Despite their small numbers, there has been an increase of 226% in male nurses in the last two decades (Mullan & Harrison, 2008). Understanding males’ motivation for choosing nursing as a profession could add, potentially, up to one half of the population, which does not typically consider this direction, and might help to recruit many more nurses to the profession (Zamanzadeh et al., 2013).
A atuação dos burocratas de nível de rua na implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil: uma proposta de análise expandida

Resumo Neste artigo são analisadas as múltiplas dimensões da atuação dos burocratas de nível de rua no contexto brasileiro da implementação de políticas públicas. O objetivo do ensaio é contribuir para uma maior compreensão do tema com uma abordagem analítica expandida. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em bases digitais acadêmicas que permitiu identificar e selecionar trabalhos nacionais e internacionais de acordo com critérios metodologicamente definidos. As publicações obtidas foram analisadas e organizadas em razão das seguintes categorias conceituais: discricionariedade, estruturas, ação individual e relações. Da tensão sobre regras e discricionariedade na administração pública, a análise e a interpretação desses textos evidenciaram: a) a necessidade de cotejar, separadamente e em conjunto, três diferentes perspectivas da atuação dos burocratas de nível de rua (a perspectiva estrutural, a de ação individual e a relacional); b) a necessidade de compreender a articulação dessas perspectivas no próprio processo de implementação. Após este trabalho de revisão bibliográfica foram formuladas hipóteses para uma análise expandida da atuação dos burocratas implementadores, traçando-se linhas para pesquisas futuras sobre o tema. Este ensaio contribui para o debate sobre o tema com um construto teórico inédito, que busca integrar as três diferentes perspectivas analíticas apresentadas numa síntese dialética dos conceitos centrais da literatura sobre a implementação de políticas públicas pelos burocratas de nível de rua.
Hypervigilance to self-threat: Further experimental evidence for the mask model of narcissism

ABSTRACT According to the mask model, narcissists portray a hard exterior, but possess a soft core. This presumed fragility has been typically operationalized as a discrepancy between explicit and implicit self-esteem, producing inconsistent findings. A reason for the inconclusiveness may be that narcissism has been tested in situ. We report an experiment (N=209) where narcissists manifested hypervigilance: faster reaction times to self-threatening stimuli when their fragility was subliminally exposed. However, given ampler time (235ms vs. 149ms), narcissists switched from defensiveness to self-regulation: equivalent reaction times to those of non-narcissists. This switch, being rapid and difficult to detect, may explain prior inconclusiveness. Despite transient intrapersonal turbulence in the face of self-threat, narcissists quickly regain their composure and re-establish their granite exterior.
How Vocabulary is Learned

How Vocabulary is Learned, published in the series of Oxford Handbooks for Language Teachers, is a comprehensive book on both theoretical and practical issues involved in second language vocabulary teaching and learning. The book consists of an introduction and ten chapters, extensively covering topics such as the significance of vocabulary learning, vocabulary size and growth, resources for vocabulary learning, and vocabulary teaching techniques and theoretical underpinnings. Each chapter includes a section called “Keys to Activities,” in which the authors provide beneficial activities and discussion questions to assist with comprehension of the chapter. The book also includes four appendices (Essential Word List, Vocabulary Levels Test, 25 Useful Word Stems, Word Part Levels Test), a companion website with links to documents (including the Essential Word List and the Vocabulary Levels Test), and a glossary of terms.
Vowel duration in English adjectives in attributive and predicative constructions

abstract Using ten English adjectives, this study tests the hypothesis that the vowels in adjectives in predicative constructions are longer than those in attributive constructions in spoken conversation. The analyses considered a number of factors: occurrence before a pause, lexical adjective, vowel identity, probability given surrounding words, and others. Two sets of statistical techniques were used: a Mixed-effects model and the Random Forest Analysis based on Conditional Inference Trees (CIT). Both analyses showed strong effects of predicative vs. attributive constructions and individual lexical adjectives on vowel duration in the predicted direction, as well as effects of many of the phonological variables tested. The results showed that the longer duration in the predicative construction is not due to lengthening before a pause, though it is related to whether the adjective is internal or final in the predicative construction. Nor is the effect attributable solely to the probability of the occurrence of the adjective; rather construction type has to be taken into account. The two statistical techniques complement each other, with the Mixed-effects model showing very general trends over all the data, and the Random Forest / CIT analysis showing factors that affect only subsets of the data.
How Much Should the People Know? Implications of Methodological Choices in The Study of Intentionality and Blame Ascriptions,

Several studies have shown that people are more likely to attribute intentionality and blame to agents who perform actions that have harmful consequences. This kind of bias has problematic implications for jury decisions because it predicts that judgment in juries will malfunction if an action has a blameworthy effect. Most of these studies include in their design a vignette in which it is clear that agents have foreknowledge of the effects of their actions. This kind of design fails to replicate trial situations where, in most cases, it is impossible to know with certainty whether agents have foreknowledge of the effects of their actions. In the present study, we adopt an alternative design that includes vignettes in which there is no direct evidence of foreknowledge to investigate the relationship between intentionality and blame in actions that have harmful and helpful effects. We find that people are still more likely to attribute intentionality to actions that produce harmful effects than actions that produce good effects. However, we find that people tend to attribute more blame when they have direct evidence of foreknowledge than when presented with an alternative design that does not include foreknowledge. Results indicate the relevant role that evidence of foreknowledge plays in experimental designs that study blame attribution.
Deep Reinforcement Learning based Recommend System using stratified sampling

Typically personalized movie recommendation algorithms often adopt a static view of recommend process and only take current rewards into consideration. Thus, they are hard to adapt to the dynamic change of users and items. In this paper, we propose a movie recommend system based on deep reinforcement learning to better accommodate the dynamic property when users’ distribution or interest changes. Firstly, we adopt nature DQN algorithm to set up baseline. Second, under the framework of nature DQN, we use Double DQN to solve overestimation and indeed reduce error. Besides, we use stratified sampling rather than random sampling to accelerate convergence. Finally, by testing on Movielens dataset, the experimental results shows that our algorithm is superior to traditional algorithms, and also comparable to the latest algorithms.
“INSPIRATION AND SUCCESS FOR ALL LEARNERS”: HOW DO VIETNAMESE EFL SCHOOL TEACHERS PERCEIVE THEIR ROLES AND WHAT STYLE OF TEACHER ARE THEY IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0?

This research is an attempt to highlight how Vietnamese EFL school teachers perceive theirroles and what style of teacher they are in this current changing world – the world of Industry 4.0. Thestudy involved a sample of 300 Vietnamese EFL school teachers throughout Vietnam. The instrumentsemployed for the research were three questionnaires intended to explore different aspects of EFL teachers’ perception of their roles. The data collected were analyzed quantitatively and were discussed in some detail. The research brought to light a number of significant findings of which five are prominent: (i) Vietnamese EFL school teachers displayed a relatively good understanding in identifying what roles are of traditional teacher style (TTS) and what roles are of modern teacher style (MTS); (ii) they rated as high and medium most of the roles of the TTS and reported having performed most of them; (iii) they rated as low some of the roles of the TTS but still kept on performing them; (iv) they rated as very high, high and medium most of the roles of the MTS, but only 2/3 of them were reported having been performed; and (v) they rated as medium many of the remaining roles of the MTS which belong to what has commonly been referred to in modern EFL/ESL pedagogy as the learner-centred approach in communicative language teaching (CLT), but the number of these roles reported having been performed were very modest. Based on the interwoven information obtained from the three questionnaires, it was suggested that although the era of Industry 4.0 is a reality, many of the Vietnamese EFL school teachers seem to be on the traditional side of the traditional ↔ modern teacher style scale. It is recommended that teacher role should be a legitimate component in all EFL teacher training and teacher professional development (PD) programmes in English teacher education departments/faculties in Vietnam to help EFL teachers be better familiarized with their roles, particularly those required in modern EFL/ESL education, so that they can perform their roles more effectively and more appropriately in their teaching for the success of their students as they move along their “journey of learning” (Pullias & Young, 1968: 32) a new means of communication.
What Evokes Being Moved?

Recent attempts to define being moved have difficulties agreeing on its eliciting conditions. The status quaestionis is often summarized as a question of whether the emotion is evoked by exemplifications of a wide range of positive core values or a more restricted set of values associated with attachment. This conclusion is premature. Study participants associate being moved with interactions with their loved ones not merely for what they exemplify but also for their affective bond to them. Being moved is elicited when we apprehend the value of entities to which we are connected through basic as well as extended forms of affiliative attachment. These comprise people, certain objects, and even abstract entities, including the unshakable life-guiding ideas we call “core values. ”
Vietnamese Teachers’ Perceptions of Social-Emotional Learning Education in Primary Schools

Teachers are the primary deliverers of Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) program, and therefore their beliefs, attitudes, and support towards SEL influence the adoption, sustainability, and impacts of this program. The aim of the present research is to measure the perception of social emotional learning education among Vietnamese primary school teachers. A group of 250 Vietnamese primary school teachers (142 males and 108 females) participated in the survey. They completed the Teachers' Perceptions of Social Emotional Learning scale (TPSEL). The scale included four subscales which are the Teachers' perceived level of the necessity of SEL education in primary schools (TPN), the Teachers' perceived level of the importance of SEL education in primary schools (TPI), the Teachers' perceived level of concern about SEL education in primary schools (TPC), and the Barriers to the Implementation of SEL Programs (BISEL). Results showed significant differences in BISEL among the teachers with different years of teaching experience. Moreover, various educational backgrounds affected TPN and BISEL considerably. The interation effect on TPN and BISEL was found. The results suggested that regardless of the differences in educational backgrounds and years of experience, the teachers were all aware of the necessity as well as the challenges when implementing SEL in classrooms in primary schools.
Government Size and Economic Growth: A Review of International Literature

In this article, we survey the existing literature on the causal relationship between government size and economic growth, highlighting the theoretical and empirical evidence from topical work. To our knowledge, this study may well be the first study of its kind to survey, in detail, the existing literature on the causal relationship between government size and economic growth—in all the countries, whether developing or developed. By and large, our study shows that direction of causality between these two variables has four possible outcomes, and that all the outcomes have found empirical support, based on variations in the country or region under study, methodology, proxies, data set used, and time frame considered. However, of the four, the most prominent is the second view, which validates unidirectional Granger-causality from economic growth to government size, followed by the bidirectional Granger-causality category. The study, therefore, concludes that the causal relationship between government size and economic growth is far from being clear-cut.
The symbolic understanding of milk in Swiss gastronomy

ABSTRACT In the 21st century, in a context where milk and dairy products are at the centre of many debates, this article wonders how doubts about these products are perceived in a gastronomic context where they are particularly appreciated and used. This article focuses on a Swiss context, since milk and dairy products are an integral part of Swiss culture. The article explores the history of milk in the Western world and highlights the fact that milk has had an ambiguous position throughout the centuries. Some studies make it possible to question the consumption of such products, while in Switzerland there is no doubt that they are products strongly rooted in the country’s heritage. Eighteen interviews with gastronomic chefs were conducted to develop answers to the questions raised by the potential questioning of milk and dairy products in Swiss gastronomy. The results show that the reflections about dairy do not impact the gastronomic field, and that chefs are inclined to keep these products, as long as moderate use is made of them. In a Swiss context, the results show that milk and dairy products are untouchable and that it is important to defend the cultural heritage of the country.
Mobile Travel Apps and Generation Y in Malaysia

Modern travelers prefer an easy and enjoyable experience upon travelling. According to several surveys, over 25% of respondents have installed mobile travel apps on their smartphone. Basically, the travel app is used to search and book flights or accommodation, while download and install the app is mainly to receive notification on the updated trip status and also for accessing app offline. Therefore, it's essential for tourism organization to emphasize on traveler preferences and new innovated technology could offer for competitive advantages in tourism industry. Generation Y grew up with technology and it constitutes 44% of population in Malaysia. Therefore, this research is focus on Generation Y in Malaysia, based on the UTAUT2 (Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology) model to explore and predict the factors influencing the intention to use mobile travel apps. A total of 245 questionnaires were distributed to all states in Malaysia. Quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 22.0 and Smart PLS 3.0 software. The results findings show that performance expectancy has the highest significant relationship on behavioral to use mobile travel apps. It was followed by facilitating conditions and habit. Factors of effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation and price value don't have much effect on individual's behavioral intention to use mobile travel apps. The theoretical, managerial and practical implications of these results are discussed.