Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development towards a global operational aerosol consensus: basic climatological characteristics of the International Cooperative for Aerosol Prediction Multi-Model Ensemble (ICAP-MME)

Abstract. Here we present the first steps in developing a global multi-model aerosol forecasting ensemble intended for eventual operational and basic research use. Drawing from members of the International Cooperative for Aerosol Prediction (ICAP) latest generation of quasi-operational aerosol models, 5-day aerosol optical thickness (AOT) forecasts are analyzed for December 2011 through November 2012 from four institutions: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), and Naval Research Lab/Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (NRL/FNMOC). For dust, we also include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Geospatial Advisory Committee (NOAA NGAC) product in our analysis. The Barcelona Supercomputing Centre and UK Met Office dust products have also recently become members of ICAP, but have insufficient data to be included in this analysis period. A simple consensus ensemble of member and mean AOT fields for modal species (e.g., fine and coarse mode, and a separate dust ensemble) is used to create the ICAP Multi-Model Ensemble (ICAP-MME). The ICAP-MME is run daily at 00:00 UTC for 6-hourly forecasts out to 120 h. Basing metrics on comparisons to 21 regionally representative Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites, all models generally captured the basic aerosol features of the globe. However, there is an overall AOT low bias among models, particularly for high AOT events. Biomass burning regions have the most diversity in seasonal average AOT. The Southern Ocean, though low in AOT, nevertheless also has high diversity. With regard to root mean square error (RMSE), as expected the ICAP-MME placed first over all models worldwide, and was typically first or second in ranking against all models at individual sites. These results are encouraging; furthermore, as more global operational aerosol models come online, we expect their inclusion in a robust operational multi-model ensemble will provide valuable aerosol forecasting guidance.
Sustainable Management of Water Resources: Cultural Roots of a Stakeholder Perspective

Sustainable use of water resources is based on the analysis of the above-mentioned sector, characterized by persistent delays and imbalances, referring to the Italian context, which reflects a problem of global dimension. As a consequence of the current scenario, the current paper discusses possible success resulting from the application of a stakeholder perspective in order to achieve a sustainable management of these strategic resources. Specifically, it points out the importance to build the study on the analysis of national territory carried out through cultural dimensions, in order to evaluate the eventual parallelism between national peculiarities and requirements of a stakeholder perspective. Namely, the performed analysis will be referred to Hofstede’s classification, which identifies six cultural dimensions, considered driven factors of different national cultures. A comparison between Italian scores on these factors and the requirements of a stakeholder-based structure, will allow verifying the possible correlation between a stakeholder’s management and the Italian context, from a cultural point of view, in order to evaluate the chance of success of a stakeholder strategy in the reference background.
Cross‐Sectional and Time Series Momentum Returns and Market States

Recent evidence on momentum returns shows that the time-series (TS) strategy outperforms the cross-sectional (CS) strategy. We present new evidence that this happens only when the market continues in the same state, UP or DOWN. In fact, we find that the TS strategy underperforms the CS strategy when the market transitions to a different state. Our results also show that the difference in momentum returns between TS and CS strategies is related to both the net long and net short positions of the TS strategy.
Dust attenuation in z $\sim$ 1 galaxies from Herschel and 3D-HST H$\alpha$ measurements

We combined the spectroscopic information from the 3D-HST survey with \textit{Herschel} data to characterize the H$\alpha$ dust attenuation properties of a sample of 79 main sequence star-forming galaxies at $z \sim 1$ in the GOODS-S field. The sample was selected in the far-IR, at $\lambda$=100 and/or 160 $\mu$m, and only includes galaxies with a secure H$\alpha$ detection (S/N$>$3). From the low resolution 3D-HST spectra we measured the redshifts and the H$\alpha$ fluxes for the whole sample (a factor of 1/1.2 was applied to the observed fluxes to remove the [NII] contamination). The stellar masses (M$_{\star}$), infrared (L$_{IR}$) and UV luminosities (L$_{UV}$) were derived from the SEDs by fitting multi-band data from GALEX near-UV to SPIRE 500 $\mu$m. We estimated the continuum extinction E$_{star}$(B-V) from both the IRX=L$_{IR}$/L$_{UV}$ ratio and the UV-slope, $\beta$, and found an excellent agreement between the two. The nebular extinction was estimated from comparison of the observed SFR$_{H\alpha}$ and SFR$_{UV}$. We obtained \emph{f}=E$_{star}$(B-V)/E$_{neb}$(B-V)=0.93$\pm$0.06, i.e. higher than the canonical value of \emph{f}=0.44 measured in the local Universe. Our derived dust correction produces good agreement between the H$\alpha$ and IR+UV SFRs for galaxies with SFR$\gtrsim$ 20 M$_{\odot}$/yr and M$_{\star} \gtrsim 5 \times 10^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$, while objects with lower SFR and M$_{\star}$ seem to require a smaller \emph{f}-factor (i.e. higher H$\alpha$ extinction correction). Our results then imply that the nebular extinction for our sample is comparable to that in the optical-UV continuum and suggest that the \emph{f}-factor is a function of both M$_{\star}$ and SFR, in agreement with previous studies.
How Eritrean refugees in Pretoria give meaning to their refugee identity in conversation : an interpretive study of salient interpretative repertoires

1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 REFUGEES AND FORCED MIGRATION: CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 2 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 5 1.3 PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 5 1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 6 1.5 A SHORT SUMMARY OF THE DISSERTATION STRUCTURE AND CHAPTER ORGANIZATION 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 9 2.1 SOCIAL, HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXTS OF ERITREAN REFUGEES. 9 2.2 IDENTITY-FOCUSED EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF ERITREAN REFUGEES 13 2.3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 18 2.3.1 THEORIES OF REFUGEES AS SUBJECTS OF EXTERNAL DISCOURSES 18 2.3.2 THEORIES OF REFUGEES AS ACTIVE AGENTS 21 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 24 3.1 DISCOURSE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY 24 3.1.1 INTERPRETATIVE REPERTOIRES 24 3.1.2 SUBJECT POSITIONS 33 3.1.3 IDEOLOGICAL DILEMMAS 34 3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN 36 3.2.1 SAMPLING CRITERIA, RECRUITMENT PLAN AND DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF
Fluctuations In Body Dissatisfaction Across Social Comparison Situations

Body image has been seen traditionally as a stable trait or dispositional construct. However, recent researchers has increasingly recognized a more dynamic aspect of it— one which is likely impacted by various situational factors. One such situational factor is the process of social comparison. As a method of social comparison, clothing size manipulations (such as trying on different sizes of pants) have been shown to affect fluctuations in female participants’ body image. Research has also highlighted the detrimental effects of certain visual cues, such as viewing images of slender female figures, on body image. However, there is a lack of research that investigates the impact of these various methods of social comparison. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further the research of clothing size manipulations utilizing a vignette-based methodology while additionally exploring the effects of a visually-cued social comparison in a 3 (“too loose”, “expected fit”, and “too tight” pants) X 2 (“low BMI” vs. “high BMI” visual) between-subjects design. Manipulation checks were also employed in order to evaluate the participants’ memory recall and perceived potency of the vignette. Results showed evidence for a main effect of the pant-size manipulation but neither the visual cue manipulation nor the interaction term were significant. Additionally, the effects of state and trait body dissatisfaction were explored and contrasted. Overall, the findings from this study may be valuable to clinicians looking to structure interventions to improve body image in their clients.
Bioactivity of ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia pulcherrima on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous species which attacks many economically important crops in several countries. This insect is an important pest of corn, and currently the most widely used control method is chemical. In order to minimize environmental impacts, other forms of control have been tried, and accordingly, the investigation of plants with insecticidal effects becomes relevant. Thus the present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia) leaves in fall armyworm biology. Extracts were prepared from leaves of the plant E. pulcherrima collected at different phenological stages (vegetative and reproductive), oven dried, crushed and then solubilized in ethanol, yielding the ethanol extract. The extracts were set aside in 0.5 and 1% concentrations for each phenological stage of the plant, incorporated into an artificial diet and offered to the larvae of S. frugiperda. The extract of vegetative and reproductive phase of E. pulcherrima leaves in concentrations of 0.5 and 1%, has showed that it affected mortality in the larvae, increasing the larval period and reducing the weight of larvae and pupae and viability of the eggs of the caterpillars. Ethanolic extract of E. pulcherrima leaves in the reproductive phase of the plant is effective to reduce the S. frugiperda population. Key words: Botanical insecticide, plant extracts, mortality, poinsettia, pest biology.
On the tracks of the ‘Happiness Route’: demystifying the obscure world of counselor logbooks

Introduction: This study explored the black box of the „Happiness Route‟, a happiness-based positive psychology intervention for people predominantly suffering from loneliness, often as consequence of a chronic disease. A higher degree of the counselors‟ adherence to the intervention protocol as well as a happiness-oriented as opposed to a problem-oriented working style was thought to have beneficial effects on people‟s well-being. Method: The investigated variables were: the participants‟ motivation, their level of trust bond to a counselor and the degree to which the participants found their passion through the intervention. All variables were assessed by the counselors. A total of N = 22 counselors attended to N = 34 participants in the Happiness Route condition, whereas N = 11 counselors attended to N = 37 participants in an active care as usual (CAU) control condition. The effect of protocol adherence and working styles respectively on all three investigated variables was examined within the Happiness Route condition. Finally, the two conditions were compared in regard of the participants‟ motivation and their level of trust bond to a counselor. Results: Univariate analyses of variance revealed a marginally significant effect of the counselors‟ protocol adherence on motivation, a significant effect on trust and no effect on passion. Next, Fisher‟s r-to-z transformation displayed a significantly higher correlation coefficient between passion and a happiness-oriented working style than between passion and a problem-oriented working style. When comparing the two conditions, after correcting for the covariate number of sessions, the positive effect of the Happiness Route on motivation remained significant, whereas the effect on trust became non-significant, suggesting no difference between the Happiness Route and the active CAU condition for latter variable. Discussion: The findings were partly in line with the established hypotheses. Possible sources of bias coming forth from measuring participant variables through counselor indications are a limitation of this study. Future research could apply a different sort of data collection, or assess the effects of specific counselor methods. In practice, the importance of protocol adherence should be emphasized, working happiness-oriented should be promoted, and a higher number of sessions should be made obligatory. In conclusion, promising effects of the Happiness Route could be demonstrated.
Mathematics for teaching: observations from two case studies

We report on two case studies in which we investigated mathematics for teaching. We were interested in the mathematical knowledge teachers need to know, and know how to use, in order to teach mathematics well. The two case studies focused on the teaching of probability in Grade 8 and the teaching of functions in Grade 10. We discuss the mathematics for teaching probability and functions in terms of the mathematical 'problem solving' or 'mathematical work' demanded of the teachers as they taught the two topics. Among the findings are the interesting differences between the demands on the teaching of functions and the demands on the teaching of probability in these two cases. We argue that mathematics for teaching needs to be understood as shaped by the particular topic being taught, as well as by how teachers select to introduce and approach the ideas and concepts they are teaching. We conclude with a discussion of questions raised for mathematics teacher education, together with implications for practice.
Extracellular Biofabrication, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Loaded on Cotton Fabrics Using Newly Isolated Streptomyces sp. SSHH-1E

Biological method for silver nanoparticles synthesis has been developed to obtain cost effective, clean, nontoxic, and ecofriendly size-controlled nanoparticles. The objective of this study is extracellular biosynthesis of antimicrobial AgNPs using cell-free supernatant of a local Streptomyces sp. strain SSHH-1E. Different medium composition and fermentation conditions were screened for maximal AgNPs biosynthesis using Plackett-Burman experimental design and the variables with statistically significant effects were selected to study their combined effects and to find out the optimum values using a Box-Behnken design. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Rapid biosynthesis of AgNPs was achieved by addition of 1 mM AgNO3 solution to the cell-free supernatant. The produced particles showed a single surface plasmon resonance peak at 400 nm by UV-Vis spectroscopy which confirmed the presence of AgNPs. Streptomyces sp. SSHH-1E was identified as Streptomyces narbonensis SSHH-1E. Transmission electron microscopy study indicated that the shape of AgNPs is spherical and the size is ranging from 20 to 40 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis provides evidence for proteins as possible reducing and capping agents. Furthermore, the biosynthesized AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of medically important pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast. The maximum biosynthesis of AgNPs was achieved at initial pH of 8, peptone of 0.5 g, and inoculum age of 48 h. The statistical optimization resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the production of AgNPs by Streptomyces narbonensis SSHH-1E.
Efficient use of energy in the ventilation and cooling of mines

South African electrical power costs have traditionally been low by international standards. However, recent tariff increases and future projections of power costs have resulted in a significant rise in operating costs. Power tariff structures vary throughout the day, differ on Saturdays and Sundays, and change between winter and summer. The difference between the lowest and highest tariffs is as much as a 1 000% (Eskom, 2013). Although difficult to quantify, the cost of non-delivery of power will have an even greater effect on mine costs, productivity, and safety. Eskom (the f South A rican electricity public utility) has attempted to alleviate the scarcity of electricity in South Africa by contacting and asking large users of electricity, including the mines, to reduce consumption, which could have an adverse impact on mine production. Internationally, increasing electricity costs are among the largest drivers of expenditure in the mining industry and the reduction of energy use, and thus power costs, can assist in offsetting lower commodity prices and reducing margins. Many of the larger corporations and mining houses have identified energy and the management thereof as a production and cost driver. One such study (Du Plessis and Van Heeswijk, 2012) showed that energy now constitutes over 20% of the mines’ cost base. From this study, an integrated energy and carbon management strategy was developed to facilitate a holistic approach to managing energy and carbon emissions. It covered generation sources and the main fueland electricity-consuming assets, and considered mining methods and how they affect energy intensity. The strategy arrived at considered six key elements, namely: ➤ Understand: measuring, monitoring, and managing energy consumption and carbon emissions ➤ Plan: factoring energy and carbon emissions into operational and life-ofmine plans ➤ Operate: operating core assets more efficiently to achieve lower energy intensity Efficient use of energy in the ventilation and cooling of mines
The Effects of Role Stressors, Work-Related Hassles, and Critical Job Events on Mental Health over Time: A Study of New Employees

This study examined the differential and mediating effects of three types of work-related stressors: critical events, hassles and role stressors – on nurses' levels of distress at two points in time during their first hospital-based job. Role stressors were hypothesized to fully mediate the effects of hassles and partially mediate the effects of critical events on distress at both Time 1 and Time 2. We also hypothesized that critical events and role stressors, as well as role stressors and distress, would reciprocally influence each other across time. The findings provided full support for the first expectation and partial support for the second. The current study is the first to clarify the nature of the relationships among the three types of stressors, thus adding to our theoretical reasoning concerning their interrelationships and clarifying for practitioners the critically important types of stressors in terms of their effects on aspects of mental health.
Using light emitting diodes at 450 nm for in vitro treatment of water intended for human consumption

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial effect of exposing raw water intended for human consumption to light (λ= 450 nm) and to investigate the correlation between the results obtained and physical and chemical parameters. Fifteen (15) samples of raw water were collected from households in a rural area of Santo Antônio de Jesus – Bahia (Brazil), from November to December 2016. A 100 mL aliquot of each sample was exposed to a lighting system consisting of two high intensity light emitting diodes, with a wavelength of 450 nm and luminous flux of 200 lumens per 10 h. Quantifications of heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms and temperature started at time zero and were done every two hours until the end of exposure to light. Bacteriological analysis was repeated after 72 h of being exposed to light. pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity analyses were performed before each experiment. After a 10h illumination at 450 nm light emitting diodes (LEDs), the dosage of light received by the water samples was 581.8 J/cm 2 . There was a significant reduction in the two bacteriological parameters analyzed after treatment (p = 0.000). There was an average decrease in heterotrophic bacteria counts from 3.44 to 1.86 log CFU/mL and total coliforms from 2.45 to 1.02 log CFU/mL. Mean reductions of heterotrophic bacteria were 97.01% and total coliforms were 95.61%. After 72 h, both counts increased; there was significant growth between heterotrophic bacteria (p = 0.000), but there was no significant growth for total coliforms (p = 0.058). pH (p = -0.981, p = 0.000), dissolved oxygen (ρ = -0.529, p = 0.043) and temperature (ρ = 0.521, p = 0.047) were related to the percentage reduction of heterotrophic bacteria. The method is shown to be effective in disinfecting raw water in vitro under different physical and chemical conditions.
Professional Development Needs and Interests of Early Childhood Education Trainers.

An online survey of early childhood education (ECE) trainers was conducted to assess their professional development needs and determine any differences between new and experienced trainers. Trainers identified teaching techniques and resources commonly used. The survey information is guiding the development of ECE trainer criteria in a southwestern state. The majority of survey respondents were female, Caucasian, and held a bachelor’s degree or higher. ECE trainers were interested in receiving professional development on adult learning principles, teaching techniques, utilizing the latest research in ECE, and designing and presenting effective training. Participants indicated a preference for receiving training through online training modules and 2to 3-hour training sessions. Trainers most frequently used handouts, lecture, and small and large group activities in training. ECE trainers expressed interest in participating in round table discussions and receiving monthly email messages containing trainer tips. The results of this study indicate that the ECE profession would benefit from strengthening the quality and quantity of professional development offered to trainers.
Behind Broad Corporate Governance Aggregates: A First Look at Single Provisions of the German Corporate Governance Code

This study contributes to the emerging research that analyzes the relation between performance and single components of broad corporate governance aggregates, such as governance codes and ratings. Available research so far is confined to the U.S., Japan, and emerging markets. We enlarge the geographical scope to the German Corporate Governance Code (GCGC). For a sample of 100 large listed German stock corporations, we find for the GCGC at large that of our performance measures only Tobin’s q is significantly associated with compliance; this connection is negative. Individual analysis of eleven GCGC recommendations reveals that for three of them, association with all performance measures is insignificant. Four (four) components are significantly positively negatively) connected with at least one performance measure. Most remarkably are some significantly negative associations between components and performance. Their existence might explain why the majority of empirical studies fail to find a significant connection between the GCGC at large and performance. As the group of single components found to be significant in the literature so far is quite inconsistent, further research questions emerge, such as whether there is some stability in the set of significant single components across performance measures, across countries, and through time. This study provides new impulse to both commissions setting up governance codes and to commercial providers of governance scores. In view of the significantly negative associations we found, an empirical quality inspection of the GCGC at large and of its components is recommended.