Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Mean Amniotic Fluid Index in Maternal Oral Hydration Therapy with Routine Hydration in Third Trimester Oligohydramnios

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare mean Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) in maternal oral hydration with routine hydration in third trimester oligohydramnios. Study design: Randomized control trial. Settings: Department of Gynea/Obs Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad. Duration of study: 6 months from 1st June to 30th November 2016. Methodology: A total of 80 cases (40 in each group), were included in the study, Group A was oral hydration group and was enquired about daily water intake. They are bound to take 2 liters of water in addition to their daily intake for 7 days. Group B was routine hydration group and continued to drink water determined by thirst and followed up on OPD basis according to the hospital protocol. Ultrasonography was done by radiology department and reported by radiologist after completion of 7 days and revised amniotic fluid index was noted. All the information was recorded on proforma. Results: In this study, (40 in each group), 65%(n=26) in Group-A and 57.5%(n=23) in Group-B were between 18-30 years and 35%(n=14) in Group-A and 42.5%(n=17) in Group-B were between 31-45 years of age, mean+sd was calculated as 27.88+5.40 years and 28.80+5.72 years respectively, pre-treatment mean AFI volume was in-significant between the two groups. Post-treatment mean AFI volume was recorded as 6.83+0.81 in Group-A and 5.05+0.75 in Group-B, p value was calculated as 0.001 which shows significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: We concluded that oral hydration appears to be significantly increased in mean AFI as compare to routine hydration in third trimester oligohydramnios, this therapy can be used instead of expectant management or invasive techniques in patients of third trimester oligohydramnios.
THE GRISM LENS-AMPLIFIED SURVEY FROM SPACE (GLASS). III. A CENSUS OF Lyα EMISSION AT z ≳ 7 ?> FROM HST SPECTROSCOPY

We present a census of Lyα emission at z ≳ 7 ? > , utilizing deep near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope grism spectroscopy from the first six completed clusters of the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). In 24/159 photometrically selected galaxies we detect emission lines consistent with Lyα in the GLASS spectra. Based on the distribution of signal-to-noise ratios and on simulations, we expect the completeness and the purity of the sample to be 40%–100% and 60%–90%, respectively. For the objects without detected emission lines we show that the observed (not corrected for lensing magnification) 1σ flux limits reach 5 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 per position angle over the full wavelength range of GLASS (0.8–1.7 μm). Based on the conditional probability of Lyα emission measured from the ground at z ∼ 7 ? > , we would have expected 12–18 Lyα emitters. This is consistent with the number of detections, within the uncertainties, confirming the drop in Lyα emission with respect to z ∼ 6 ? > . Deeper follow-up spectroscopy, here exemplified by Keck spectroscopy, is necessary to improve our estimates of completeness and purity and to confirm individual candidates as true Lyα emitters. These candidates include a promising source at z = 8.1. The spatial extent of Lyα in a deep stack of the most convincing Lyα emitters with ⟨ z ⟩ = 7.2 ? > is consistent with that of the rest-frame UV continuum. Extended Lyα emission, if present, has a surface brightness below our detection limit, consistent with the properties of lower-redshift comparison samples. From the stack we estimate upper limits on rest-frame UV emission line ratios and find f C IV / f Ly &agr; ≲ 0.32 ? > and f C III ] / f Ly &agr; ≲ 0.23 ? > , in good agreement with other values published in the literature.
Geoscience of Climate and Energy 12. Water Quality Issues in the Oil Sands Region of the Lower Athabasca River, Alberta

I summarize the controversies about industrial pollutants in freshwaters near the oil sands industrial area of Alberta, the inadequacies in environmental monitoring that have led to widespread misconceptions, and recent attempts to correct the problems. Adequate data are available to show that mercury, other trace metals, and polycyclic aromatic compounds are being added by industry to the Athabasca river system and its watershed, although the relative contributions of industrial development and natural sources remain in question. Recent improvements in water monitoring by Environment Canada show promise of resolving the controversies, although independent governance for Canada’s and Alberta’s water monitoring programs in the lower Athabasca River will be necessary to rebuild public confidence in the data and their interpretation by government and industry. I document one success story in the Athabasca River: the elimination of dioxins from pulp mills in the mid-1990s has caused a consumption advisory for fish in the river to be repealed. SOMMAIRE Je presente ci-dessous un resume des controverses concernant les polluants industriels dans les eaux douces a proximite de la zone industrielle des sables bitumineux de l'Alberta, des lacunes dans la surveillance des milieux de vie a l’origine d’idees fausses repandues, et de recentes tentatives visant a corriger les problemes. Des donnees adequates demontrent que l’industrie ajoute du mercure et d'autres metaux traces ainsi que des composes aromatiques polycycliques dans le systeme fluvial de la riviere Athabasca et dans son bassin versant, bien que les contributions relatives provenant de ces activites industrielles et de sources naturelles demeurent toujours en litige. De recentes ameliorations apportees au controle des eaux par Environnement Canada permettent d’esperer une resolution des controverses, mais l’application d’une gouvernance independante des programmes de controle de l'eau de l'Alberta du Canada dans la partie inferieure du fleuve Athabasca sera necessaire pour retablir la confiance de la population a l’egard des donnees presentees et de leur interpretation par le gouvernement et l'industrie. Je decrie l’histoire d’une intervention reussie dans la riviere Athabasca, soit l'elimination de dioxines provenant des usines de pâte du milieu des annees 1990 et qui a abouti a l’abrogation d’un avis de limitation de la consommation de poisson dans la riviere. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.12789/geocanj.2013. 40.012
Wood Already Touched by Fire is not Hard to Set Alight ” ; Comment on “ Constraints to Applying Systems Thinking Concepts in Health Systems : A Regional Perspective from Surveying Sta

Background: Systems Thinking (ST) has recently been promoted as an important approach to health systems strengthening. However, ST is not common practice, particularly in Lowand Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). This paper seeks to explore the barriers that may hinder its application in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and possible strategies to mitigate them. Methods: A survey consisting of open-ended questions was conducted with a purposive sample of health policymakers such as senior officials from the Ministry of Health (MoH), researchers, and other stakeholders such as civil society groups and professional associations from ten countries in the region. A total of 62 respondents participated in the study. Thematic analysis was conducted. Results: There was strong recognition of the relevance and usefulness of ST to health systems policy-making and research, although misconceptions about what ST means were also identified. Experience with applying ST was very limited. Approaches to designing health policies in the EMR were perceived as reactive and fragmented (66%). Commonly perceived constraints to application of ST were: a perceived notion of its costliness combined with lack of the necessary funding to operationalize it (53%), competing political interests and lack of government accountability (50%), lack of awareness about relevance and value (47%), limited capacity to apply it (45%), and difficulty in coordinating and managing stakeholders (39%). Conclusion: While several strategies have been proposed to mitigate most of these constraints, they emphasized the importance of political endorsement and adoption of ST at the leadership level, together with building the necessary capacity to apply it and apply the learning in research and practice.
Hunting High and Low for Vertical FDI

Recently the horizontal and vertical models of foreign direct investment (FDI) have been synthesized into the knowledge-capital (KK) model. Empirical tests, however, find that the horizontal model cannot be rejected in favor of the KK model. I suggest this is because the empirical specifications are too restrictive for vertical FDI to manifest itself. Using an alternative specification, I find evidence of vertical FDI. In particular, when I use the stock of FDI I can reject the horizontal model in favor of the knowledge-capital model and identify countries for which FDI is dominated by vertical investment.
The Be/X-ray transient 4U 0115+63/V635 Cassiopeiae - I. A consistent model

We present photometry and high SNR spectroscopy in the classification region of V635 Cas, the optical counterpart to the transient X-ray pulsar 4U 0115+63, taken at a time when the circumstellar envelope had disappeared. V635 Cas is classified as a B0.2Ve star at a distance of $7{-}8$ kpc. We use the physical parameters derived from these observations and the orbit derived from X-ray observations to elaborate a model of the system based on the theory of decretion discs around Be stars. We show that the disc surrounding the Be star is truncated by the tidal/resonant interaction with the neutron star and cannot be in a steady state. This explains many of the observed properties of 4U 0115+63. In particular, because of this effect, under normal circumstances the neutron star cannot accrete from the disc, which explains the lack of regular type I outbursts from the source.
Public health nursing interventions to promote quality of life in older adult populations:A systematic review

This review analyzes how nurse-led public health interventions promote quality of life (QoL) among older populations. Using Medline and Cinahl databases, authors completed a systematic review of experimental and quasi-experimental studies published between January 2010 and March 2016 that described interventions used by public health nurses to address health needs of older adult populations. Lawton’s theoretical QoL concepts and the Public Health Intervention Wheel model, which names interventions at the individual, community and systems levels, were used to interpret results. The 23 studies were widely distributed geographically. Four of Lawton’s theoretical QoL domains (Health, Functional Health, Personal Competency, Psychological Well-Being) were addressed in the majority of studies. Although public health nurses used Wheel interventions at all levels of practice, individual level interventions were featured in studies to a greater extent in comparison to community and systems level interventions. Few studies used QoL measures to determine intervention effectiveness. Nurses should consider QoL domains, as they design individual, community, and systems level interventions to improve the health of older adult populations.
Legendre Pseudospectral Approximation of Boussinesq Systems and Applications to Wave Breaking

In this paper, we propose a spectral projection of a regularized Boussinesq system for wave propagation on the surface of a fluid. The spectral method is based on the use of Legendre polynomials, and is able to handle time-dependent Dirichlet boundary conditions with spectral accuracy. The algorithm is applied to the study of undular bores, and in particular to the onset of wave breaking connected with undular bores. As proposed in (2), an improved version of the breaking criterion recently introduced in (5) is used. This tightened breaking criterion together with a careful choice of the relaxation parameter yields rather accurate predictions of the onset of breaking in the leading wave of an undular bore. AMS subject classifications: 35Q53, 65M70, 76B15, 76B25
A longitudinal study of self-perception in youth with Asperger ' s Syndrome and high-functioning autism at a summer camp exclusively for children with social difficulties

The literature on youth with Asperger Syndrome (AS) and high-functioning autism (HFA) suggests that they have limitations in how they see themselves, but that many are aware of how they are different from the norm. This has been found to contribute to the development of low self-esteem and high rates of depression and anxiety that are so prevalent in this population. Little research has been dedicated to examining ways in which youth with HFA and AS can be encouraged to feel more positively about themselves. Exposure to peers with similar diagnoses has been found to be helpful in other special populations, but has not been thoroughly studied in youth with HFAlAS. The present study measured youth's perceptions of themselves before attending a summer camp exclusively for youth with social difficulties, immediately after attending the camp, and several months later. Mirroring the findings of previous studies, these campers displayed awareness oftheir social difficulties, and were able to reflect on what makes them feel proud. This contrasts the beliefthat youth in this population are unable to engage in self-reflection. Results from standardized measures did not reveal changes in youth's perceptions ofthemselves after being at camp. However participants' responses to open-ended questions suggested that campers experienced profound changes in their perceptions oftheir social competence, self-confidence, selfreliance, and sense of belonging. These findings have implications on effective interventions for this population, as well as on accurate methods of assessment of change in this group. SELF-PERCEPTION IN YOUTH WITH HFAIAS Table of
Improving Managerial Performance through Participation Role of Budget Preparation: a Theoretical and Empirical Overview

Both profit and nonprofit entity could gain the benefit from planning and control that is provided by the budget. In preparing the budget, it is good to differenciate the needs with the availability of budget, therefore, it will be executed properly with participative budgeting system. Many accounting management studies pay attention on the issue of participation budgeting in relation to managerial performance and produce opposition empirical results. The difference in the results of empirical studies occurs because the relationship of budget participation and managerial performance depend on situational factors, or better known as a Contingency Variable.
The Demise of Bank-Centered Economy and Increasing Roles of Credit Ratings in Japan

After the burst of the bubble economy, Japanese economy has been changed drastically. Traditionally, Japanese economy was characterized as a bank-centered economy, but the banking system did not function well in the 1990's. Responding to banking problems, the Japanese government initiated the Financial Big Bang in 1996 to strength the capability of capital markets. Also, accounting and disclosure rules have been revised to make more credible and wider information available to market participants. If other things be constant, more extensive and timely disclosure should result in more accurate evaluation of firm's risks. However, there is a lack of research that investigates how effective current disclosure is in evaluating corporate risks. This lack of research is mainly because there are not appropriate data sets and methodology to be used for empirical tests. Fortunately, Morgan (2002) proposed a very useful method. That is, he used the disagreement between credit rating companies (i.e., Moody's and Standard and Poor's) over new issued bonds to measure the difficulty in evaluating firms' risks. In this paper, we follow Morgan (2002) and investigate whether credit rating companies likely agreed on the evaluation on Japanese firms' risks after the financial and accounting Big Bang. If there are still large disagreements among credit rating companies, this fact suggests that the current disclosure is not enough for outsiders to evaluate firms, or that there is an inherent limitation of disclosure usage. Also, we are interested in what sectors credit rating companies more often disagree on. Contrary to Morgan (2002), which pointed out that financial industries, such as banks and insurance companies, are difficult to evaluate, we failed to find that disagreements among credit rating companies over banks and insurance companies are larger than disagreements over other industries. However, consistent with Morgan (2002), we found that public utilities industry is easy to evaluate. This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we discuss the current Japanese economic situation and explain the accounting and disclosure reform. In Section 3, we explain data and methodology that are used in this paper. In Section 4, empirical results are provided. Section 5 concludes this paper.
Epigenetic Modifications of Nucleotide Excision Repair Genes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Genotoxic exposure to tobacco carcinogens resulting in DNA damage is an important mechanism of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) etiology. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) pathway removes bulky DNA adducts, generated from tobacco exposure thereby playing a major role in initiation of OSCC. In addition to mutations, epigenetic modifications have also been shown to target DNA repair genes thereby modulating oral tumor genesis. We therefore examined the role of epigenetic alterations modulating expression of three NER genes; XPC, XPB and XPD involved in removal of adducts caused by major classes of tobacco carcinogens and their contribution to OSCC Methylation status of NER genes was assessed using methylation specific PCR (MSP) in biopsies taken from 52 OSCC patients, their surrounding margins and 27 normal controls. The mRNA levels were determined using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Chromatin immuno precipitation (ChIP) analysis was performed to examine histone modifications in selected NER genes. We did not observe any significant difference in promoter methylation of NER genes between OSCC patients and controls. Increased XPB mRNA levels (p 0.04) and higher prevalence of H3 acetylation of XPB (p 0.04) gene were observed in OSCC patients as compared to controls. Our findings suggest the epigenetic modifications regulating the expression of XPB gene may be involved in OSCC etiology.
The Study of the Effects of Exchange Rate Fluctuations on Petrochemical Industry Return in Tehran Stock Exchange

Relationship between financial markets is a subject that has attracted the attention of many studies to it. In this context, the effect of macroeconomic indicators on capital market and specially stock exchange have an important role in macroeconomic policies in determining the changes trend of capital market. It should be noted also that different industries receive different effects considering the nature of their operations from Macroeconomics. Petrochemical industry is an industry that due to its direct function with oil products is highly affected by macroeconomics including exchange rate. The aim of the present study also is to study the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on petrochemical industry return in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, a number of 41 companies active in this industry during the time period of 2008 - 2013 were studied and research findings indicated that exchange rate directly cannot affect the return of companies active in this industry, but its fluctuations exert this effect directly on the returns of these companies.
Behavioural response to interference competition in a sessile suspension feeder

The sessile suspension-feeding worm-snail Dendropoma maxima Sowerby, 1825 (Ver- metidae) secretes a mucous web to capture planktonic prey. In dense groups, the feeding webs of neighbouring snails frequently overlap and stick together. This may create direct food competition between neighbours because the earlier retracting snail may get more than its fair share of the prey. While field observations indicate that web overlap may generate retarded growth, we experimentally studied whether web overlap also triggers a phenotypic response in feeding behaviour. In our exper- iment we consecutively placed focal snails in a place by themselves (solitary) or close to a neighbour- ing snail such that webs overlapped, starting with either of the 2 conditions in half of the experimen- tal individuals to exclude sequence effects. We found that focals retracted their feeding web significantly earlier when close to a neighbour than when solitary. Our experiments thus confirm a phenotypic response through early web retraction in D. maxima, indicating that direct interference competition affects worm-snail behaviour.
Groundwater N 2 O emission factors of nitrate-contaminated aquifers as derived from denitrification progress and N 2 O accumulation

Abstract. We investigated the dynamics of denitrification and nitrous oxide (N2O) accumulation in 4 nitrate (NO−3) contaminated denitrifying sand and gravel aquifers of northern Germany (Fuhrberg, Sulingen, Thulsfelde and Gottingen) to quantify their potential N2O emission and to evaluate existing concepts of N2O emission factors. Excess N2 – N2 produced by denitrification – was determined by using the argon (Ar) concentration in groundwater as a natural inert tracer, assuming that this noble gas functions as a stable component and does not change during denitrification. Furthermore, initial NO−3 concentrations (NO−3 that enters the groundwater) were derived from excess N2 and actual NO−3 concentrations in groundwater in order to determine potential indirect N2O emissions as a function of the N input. Median concentrations of N2O and excess N2 ranged from 3 to 89 μg N L−1 and from 3 to 10 mg N L−1, respectively. Reaction progress (RP) of denitrification was determined as the ratio between products (N2O-N + excess N2) and starting material (initial NO−3 concentration) of the process, characterizing the different stages of denitrification. N2O concentrations were lowest at RP close to 0 and RP close to 1 but relatively high at a RP between 0.2 and 0.6. For the first time, we report groundwater N2O emission factors consisting of the ratio between N2O-N and initial NO−3-N concentrations (EF1). In addition, we determined a groundwater emission factor (EF2) using a previous concept consisting of the ratio between N2O-N and actual NO−3-N concentrations. Depending on RP, EF(1) resulted in smaller values compared to EF(2), demonstrating (i) the relevance of NO−3 consumption and consequently (ii) the need to take initial NO−3-N concentrations into account. In general, both evaluated emission factors were highly variable within and among the aquifers. The site medians ranged between 0.00043–0.00438 for EF(1) and 0.00092–0.01801 for EF(2), respectively. For the aquifers of Fuhrberg and Sulingen, we found EF(1) median values which are close to the 2006 IPCC default value of 0.0025. In contrast, we determined significant lower EF values for the aquifers of Thulsfelde and Gottingen. Summing the results up, our study supports the substantial downward revision of the IPCC default EF5-g from 0.015 (1997) to 0.0025 (2006).