Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of amniotic membranes in reconstructive surgery of internal organs—A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Amniotic membrane (AM) has great potential as a scaffold for tissue regeneration in reconstructive surgery. To date, no systematic review of the literature has been performed for the applications of AM in wound closure of internal organs. Therefore, in this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we summarize the literature on the safety and efficacy of AM for the closure of internal organs. A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE‐PubMed database and OVID Embase to retrieve human and controlled animal studies on wound closure of internal organs. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized clinical trials and the SYRCLE risk of bias tool for animal studies were used. Meta‐analyses (MAs) were conducted for controlled animal studies to assess efficacy of closure, mortality and complications in subjects who underwent surgical wound closure in internal organs with the application of AM. Sixty references containing 26 human experiments and 36 animal experiments were included. The MAs of the controlled animal studies showed comparable results with regard to closure, mortality and complications, and suggested improved mechanical strength and lower inflammation scores after AM application when compared to standard surgical closure techniques. This systematic review and MAs demonstrate that the application of AM to promote wound healing of internal organs appears to be safe, efficacious, and feasible.
The Value and Growth Spreads: The Recent Cases in the Japanese Stock Markets

This study explores the recent performance of growth and value stocks by using the data of the Russell-Nomura Japan value and growth indices. This research is significantly important in order to judge the effectiveness of investment management and strategy in the recent Japanese equity markets. The recent full sample period under our analyses is from January 4, 2010 to March 20, 2014. Our investigations as to the value spreads, growth spreads, and value-growth spreads in Japan derive the following evidence. First, (1) in the recent Japanese stock markets, the value spreads over Tokyo Stock Price Index (TOPIX) are statistically significantly positive in all six Russell-Nomura Japan value indices. Second, (2) in the recent stock markets in Japan, the growth spreads over TOPIX are also statistically significantly positive in all six Russell-Nomura Japan growth indices. Third, (3) in our above full sample period, growth style indices generally outperform the value style indices, and in particular, after the inauguration of the new Abe cabinet in December 2012, smaller-size growth stock indices strongly outperform the same size category value indices.
Spinal cord and brain concentrations of riluzole after oral and intrathecal administration: A potential new treatment route for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Riluzole is the only treatment known to improve survival in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). However, oral riluzole efficacy is modest at best, further it is known to have large inter-individual variability of serum concentration and clearance, is formulated as an oral drug in a patient population plagued with dysphagia, and has known systemic side-effects like asthenia (limiting patient compliance) and elevated liver enzymes. In this context, we postulated that continuous intrathecal (IT) infusion of low doses of riluzole could provide consistent elevations of the drug spinal cord (SC) concentrations at or above those achieved with oral dosing, without increasing the risk for adverse events associated with systemic drug exposure or off-target side effects in the brain. We developed a formulation of riluzole for IT delivery and conducted our studies in purpose-bred hound dogs. Our non-GLP studies revealed that IT infusion alone was able to increase SC concentrations above those provided by oral administration, without increasing plasma concentrations. We then conducted two GLP studies that combined IT infusion with oral administration at human equivalent dose, to evaluate SC and brain concentrations of riluzole along with assessments of safety and tolerability. In the 6-week study, the highest IT dose (0.2 mg/hr) was well tolerated by the animals and increased SC concentrations above those achieved with oral riluzole alone, without increasing brain concentrations. In the 6-month study, the highest dose tested (0.4 mg/hr) was not tolerated and yielded SC significantly above those achieved in all previous studies. Our data show the feasibility and safety profile of continuous IT riluzole delivery to the spinal cord, without concurrent elevated liver enzymes, and minimal brain concentrations creating another potential therapeutic route of delivery to be used in isolation or in combination with other therapeutics. ”
An inhibitory plasticity mechanism for world structure inference by hippocampal replay

Memory consolidation assimilates recent experiences into long-term memory. This process requires the replay of learned sequences, though the content of these sequences remains controversial. Recent work has shown that the statistics of replay deviate from those of experience: stimuli which are experientially salient may be either selected or suppressed. We find that this phenomenon can be explained parsimoniously and biologically plausibly by a Hebbian spike time-dependent plasticity rule at inhibitory synapses. Using spiking networks at three levels of abstraction–leaky integrate-and-fire, biophysically detailed, and abstract binary–we show that this rule enables efficient inference of a model of the structure of the world. We present analytical results that these replayed sequences converge to ground truth under a mathematical model of replay. Finally, we make specific predictions about the consequences of intact and perturbed inhibitory dynamics for network dynamics and cognition. Our work outlines a potential direct link between the synaptic and cognitive levels of memory consolidation, with implications for both normal learning and neurological disease.
UvA-DARE Societal pessimism: A study of its conceptualization, causes, correlates and consequences

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MEDIA EFFECTS ON VOTING BEHAVIOR

This is a review study investigating the effects of the media on voting behavior. We reviewed the cited literature. The present study showed that the role of the media in influencing election results is generally quite small. However, this insignificance is not inherent; it cannot be attributed to outdated class rationalisation or even to “resurgent” economic factors. Rather, it is the result of other competing factors including: the counteracting factor, which is a reference to the constant battles between rival candidates. Naturally, positive, image-conscious campaigning by candidates is mirrored by all sides; therefore, on a neutral individual no overall influence would be visible. Another factor involves the absence of clear superiority, which refers to the rare occasion in which one candidate (or party) clearly excels in its media campaign, while its opponents do not use the media in an effective manner. This superiority occurs rarely because all politicians employ PR and media consultants.
Movement, habitat utilization and behaviour of coral trout Plectropomus leopardus during and after the reproductive period on the southern Great Barrier Reef

Coral trout Plectropomus leopardus (mean total length = 498.9 +/- 19.7 mm, n = 10) were tagged and tracked with ultrasonic transmitters over 81 d at an intra-lagoonal location at One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia (23.4979 degrees S, 152.0712 degrees E). Movement and habitat preferences were compared during the transition between the reproductive and post-reproductive period. Overall, mean movement was highest between 05: 00 and 10: 00 h, with the most movement during the crepuscular period and the least movement at night. There was no difference in nighttime movement during or after the reproductive period. Mean daily movement (14.48 +/- 0.26 km d(-1)) and fish depths (4.23 +/- 0.02 m) during the post-reproductive period were significantly greater than both movement (10.63 +/- 0.13 km d(-1)) and depths occupied (3.38 +/- 0.01 m) during the reproductive period, which was likely related to reallocation of bioenergetic resources to foraging related activities rather than spawning. Most fish movement was localized (within 0.04 km(2)), with some movements recorded outside of this area to a maximum distance of 0.6 km. Fish traversed sand and small scattered coral out-croppings to reach areas of continuous reef. The ranges of movement and habitat preferences described in this study are important for future research on habitat requirements and behavioural changes across the transition period between reproductive and post-reproductive states. Furthermore, this study provides additional information that may be used for focusing and delineating species-specific Marine Protected Area management plans.
House Ventilation Area and Covid-19’s Household Transmission in The Region of Pemurus Dalam Health Centre Banjarmasin

The occurance of COVID-19 is still increasing, especially in Banjarmasin. The increasing number of COVID-19 cases is caused by several factors, including the presence of household transmission from COVID-19 patients to other people in their homes. This household transmission can be affected by the ventilation area of the house. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the area of house ventilation and the occurance of COVID-19 transmission of at home in the in the region of Pemurus Dalam Health Centre Banjarmasin. The research method was analytic observational with a cross sectional approach. The research sample was confirmed COVID-19 patients based on PCR results and recorded at the Pemurus Dalam Health Center. Sampling using simple random sampling technique with a sample of 50 patients. Data analysis used chi square test at 95% confidence level. The results showed that there were 26 people (76.4%) of the research subjects who lived in a house with a house ventilation area that did not meet the requirements (<10% of the house area). Meanwhile, in the research subjects who lived in houses with adequate ventilation area (≥10% of the house area) only 4 people (25%) had household transmission. The analysis results showed that there was a significant relationship between the ventilation area of the house and the occurrence of COVID-19 household transmission in the Pemurus Dalam Health Center area of Banjarmasin (p = 0.001 and RR 3.24).
Context-dependent decision making in wild rufous hummingbirds

Conventional models of decision making assume that animals and humans will evaluate available options based on the benefit that they provide and then choose the option that provides the largest benefit. However, there is evidence that the choices of both animals and humans violate this assumption as the choices that are made can be altered by the context in which decisions are presented. In this thesis I used free–living, foraging rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) to investigate the effect of context on the decisions they make. Firstly, I gave birds choices between two preferred options and found that the addition of a third non-preferred option changed their preference when options varied in either two dimensions simultaneously (volume and concentration of sucrose), or in only a single dimension (volume or concentration). I also manipulated the learning context and found that hummingbirds have stronger preferences when options are learned simultaneously than when those same options are learned about sequentially. I also manipulated the experience that birds had of the options prior to the choice and found that birds with prior experience did not make different choices than hummingbirds without prior experience. In addition to work with hummingbirds, I also completed experiments with humans looking at the effect of context on decisions about health of others. I manipulated the yellowness of faces and found that when participants choose between two preferred options the addition of non-preferred options changed their preference. These data demonstrate humans and hummingbirds make irrational choices as the decision making context can change the choices that they make. Current theories of decision making are insufficient to explain context-dependent choices made by hummingbirds.
Human amniotic membrane as a dural substitute in neurosurgery: A systematic review

Background: Several studies have highlighted the use of human amniotic membrane (HAM) in neurosurgical procedures as an effective dural substitute. HAM has inherent antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties and exhibits immunomodulatory effect that makes it an ideal dural substitute. Other advantages including easy availability, low cost of procurement, and storage also render it a promising dural substitute especially in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, using the search terms “human amniotic membrane,” “dural repair,” and “neurosurgery. ” To be eligible for inclusion in our review, papers had to report primary data, be published in English language and report dural repair on humans with human amniotic membrane. Eligibility assessment was conducted by two independent reviewers with qualitative analysis on the basis of surgical utility, postoperative complications, and histological analysis. Results: Eight articles met the predefined inclusion criteria, including three randomized control trials and five cohort studies. We evaluated the use of HAM grafts in dural repair for elective cranial surgery (four studies), trauma surgery (three studies), and elective spine surgery (one study). Cases with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak were reported by two studies. Other postoperative complications including meningitis, hydrocephalus, pseudomeningocele, CSF collection in subdural space, and subacute subdural hematoma were reported by one study each. Postsurgical histological analysis was reported by three studies highlighting the antiadhesive and integrative properties of HAM. Conclusion: The current review of evidence suggests that in terms of postsurgical outcomes, HAM is comparable with commercially available dural substitutes.
The thinning of subcontinental lithosphere: The roles of plume impact and metasomatic weakening

Geologically rapid (tens of Myr) partial removal of thick continental lithosphere is evident beneath Precambrian terranes, such as North China Craton, southern Africa, and the North Atlantic Craton, and has been linked with thermomechanical erosion by mantle plumes. We performed numerical experiments with realistic viscosities to test this hypothesis and constrain the most important parameters that influence cratonic lithosphere erosion. Our models indicate that the thermomechanical erosion by a plume impact on typical Archean lithospheric mantle is unlikely to be more effective than long‐term erosion from normal plate‐mantle interaction. Therefore, unmodified cratonic roots that have been stable for billions of years will not be significantly disrupted by the erosion of a plume event. However, the buoyancy and strength of highly depleted continental roots can be modified by fluid‐melt metasomatism, and our models show that this is essential for the thinning of originally stable continental roots. The long‐term but punctuated history of metasomatic enrichment beneath ancient continents makes this mode of weakening very likely. The effect of the plume impact is to speed up the erosion significantly and help the removal of the lithospheric root to occur within tens of Myr if affected by metasomatic weakening.
Pengaruh Beban Pajak Kini, Beban Pajak Tangguhan dan Aset Pajak Tangguhan terhadap Manajemen Laba

Abstract: Purpose : This study aied to determine the influence of current tax expense, defffered tax expense and deffered tax asset on earnings management. Research Methodology : The research uses quantitative research method. This study used secondary data from annual reports of consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2019 and the total was 15 companies. The data analyzed using multiple linear regression model with help of software SPSS version 22,0. Result : The result of this study are current tax expense has negatif effect toward earnings manageent, deffered tax expense has positif effect towards earnings management, deffered tax asset does not have effect toward earnings management, current tax expense, deffered tax expense and defferd tax asset simultaneously have positif effect towards earnings management. Limitation : This reseach’s limitations are the short research period and only use consumer goods sector in manufacturing companies as a sample. Contribution : The result obtained can be used for investors consideration when making investment decisions and can be used as references for further research. Keywords: 1. Current tax expense 2. deffered tax expense 3. deffered tax asset
USE OF A TEMPERATE REEF-FISH COMMUNITY TO IDENTIFY PRIORITIES IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A MARINE PROTECTED AREA

Few studies have dealt with biodiversity, composition and dynamics of temperate reef fish. The present study area is a 25 km stretch of coastline (53 km 2 ) on the west Portuguese coast that has recently been assigned as a Marine Park (Marine Park of the Arrabida Nature Park), for which basic information on composition of the marine communities is very scarce. From a biogeographical perspective, mainland Portugal is in a transitional zone where many species of cold- and warm-water fish reach their southern and northern limits of distribution respectively. This situation contributes strongly to a high level of biodiversity in the Lusitanian province, and also makes it very sensitive to climatic oscillations such as those predicted as part of global warming. This study analysed the fish community composition in the marine park and ascribed a hierarchical importance for the coastal sectors and the different habitats present. The results reflect the heterogeneous nature of the substrata present and their significant differences in biodiversity values and in the occurrence of rare species. For each species, dispersion and abundance indexes were calculated and species that require particular attention are noted. Appropriate management measures are suggested. Procedures for the implementation of these measures must be suited to a situation where basic biological information is scarce. This research is included in a broader project aimed at building a long-term database of the fish communities in this area, assessing the main factors influencing their structure and distribution patterns, and monitoring reserve effects in the long term.
Perceptions of Behaviors Associated with ASD in Others: Knowledge of the Diagnosis Increases Empathy and Improves Perceptions of Warmth and Competence

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often exhibit atypical social behaviors that some may perceive as odd or discomforting. Given that ASD is largely invisible, it may be difficult to understand why a person is displaying these atypical behaviors, leading to less favorable attitudes. The current study aimed to examine if having an explanation for an individual exhibiting behaviors associated with ASD could improve perceptions of warmth and competence, as well as the amount of empathy felt towards the individual. Participants (n = 82) were presented with a scenario involving two people, one of whom exhibited behaviors consistent with ASD. ASD diagnosis information was manipulated, such that half of the participants were told that the target was diagnosed with ASD, and the other half were given no diagnostic information. Afterwards, participants rated the target. Results indicated that having an explanation for the ASD-related behaviors led to higher ratings of warmth and competence and greater feelings of empathy. Furthermore, empathy mediated the relationship between having the diagnostic information and target ratings. Thus, having an explanation for someone’s behavior may lead to greater feelings of empathy and improve perceptions and understanding. This has important implications for improving education and awareness about behaviors associated with ASD as well as for making the decision of whether or not to disclose one’s diagnosis.
What Sort of People Vote Expressively

Using a survey and an experiment, we identify the personal characteristics associated with the difference between an individual's giving to charity and her vote in a referendum on charitable giving. Under certain circumstances, high levels of self-reported trust and happiness, and participation in social group activities, are associated with expressive voting for high levels of charitable giving. However, the sequencing of the experiments is of crucial importance. The 'warm glow' of expressive voting can influence subsequent individual decisions, and the 'cold shower' of individual selfishness can influence subsequent collective decisions.
High Spatial Variability of Biomass Burning Emissions Observed at Three Tibetan Plateau Sites

Aerosol from biomass burning (BB) can affect regional and global climate by changing radiation balance and cloud properties, especially over the high altitude environ‐vulnerable region. To investigate the contributions of BB on atmospheric particulate matter trans‐the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the total suspended particle samples were collected at three high altitude sites over the northeastern (Qinghai lake, 3,200 m a.s.l.), central (Beiluhe, 4,659 m a.s.l.), and southwestern TP (Ngari, 4,360 m a.s.l.), respectively. Highly spatial variations of BB tracers (including levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan) were obtained. Elevated BB tracer concentrations were observed in the northeastern and southwestern sites compared to the central TP site. The heighten concentrations of particulate matter from biomass burning and organic carbon from biomass burning were obtained at Ngari (with 5260.3 and 2257.7 ng m−3) and Qinghai lake (with 1508.8 and 647.6 ng m−3) compared with those at Beiluhe (with 18.8 and 8.1 ng m−3), respectively. The results indicated that the BB contributions to aerosol were significant on the margin of the TP. In addition to the long‐range transport of BB pollutant, the local emissions may be an important contributor in the northeastern and southwestern TP. The present study can improve the understanding of BB characteristics and effects in the TP.
The Obama Effect: An Exploratory Study on Factors Affecting Brand Recall in Online Games

The aim of this research is to establish the extent of the effectiveness of in-game advertisements in online games. A sample of 30 respondents between the ages of 18 to 25 years of age was selected for the study. Respondents played an online game and completed a questionnaire designed to establish the recall rate of in-game advertisements. The findings suggest that the number of advertisements in a game, location of the advertisements and familiarity with the brand had an effect on brand recall rate although perceived pace of game had a moderating effect on the rate of recall of advertisements. Index Terms—Online Games, In-Game Advertisements,