Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYZE BICYCLE-CAR MIXED FLOW BY SOCIAL FORCE MODEL FOR COLLISION RISK EVALUATION

Based on the interaction mechanization of vehicles and the basic hypothesis of social force model, a dynamics model of bicycle-car mixed flow has been established. The bicycles and cars are affected by the inner and outer forces, by which almost all of the traffic actions of the bicycles and cars have been affected synchronously, and the inner forces derive from the drivers’ or cyclists’ desire of moving with the best velocity while the outer forces derive from the affection of the other traffic units and the borders of the road. The inner and outer forces which the bicycles and cars have been affected are analyzed quantitatively. By the probability of the sudden braking, while the bicycles and cars flow in a urban road section has been simulated, the traffic collision risk of the bicycle-car traffic flow has been analyzed, from which we come to the conclusion that the risk of the bicycles and cars potential collision increase while the traffic density becomes high. For the bicycle-car mixed traffic flow, with the motor vehicle traffic density decreasing, the velocity and the probability of the bicycles driving into the motor vehicle lane will increase, and the probability of the traffic accident between the bicycles, which rides into the motor vehicle lane,
Behavior Planning at Roundabouts

Roundabouts or traffic circles represent a significant portion of unsignalized intersections commonly found in urban and rural roads due to their capability in managing significant traffic flow safely. Such circular intersections pose a specific challenge for autonomous or self-driving cars due to the variations in their geometric layout, difficulty in perception, increased interactions between the traffic participants, and possible driving strategies available to the drivers. This work investigates behavior planning approaches for a self-driving vehicle as a part of a hierarchical planning structure for such scenarios. We present the benefits of using a POMDP formulation along with dividing the task into different stages (merging, traversal, and exit) to tackle the problem. Using recent advances in deep reinforcement learning we find that using recurrent elements with the given framework allows an autonomous vehicle to interact with other participants, make long-term decisions, account for perception errors, and safely navigate the roundabout. We compare these to traditional, rule-based methods and simple neural-network architectures like DQN. The model-free learning POMDP framework is further extended to include the agent’s previous actions into the network architecture. Additionally, we present multiple techniques to generalize policies across different traffic densities. The presented novel architecture involves explicitly encoding a continuous variable describing the non-stationary environment as an input to the network. We compare this to the hidden-mode method of dividing the problem into distinct modes of traffic densities and learning different policies for individual modes. These methods can also be extended to other intersection scenarios and/or to different deep-reinforcement learning formulations.
Role of Langerhans Cells in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

DOI: 10.21276/sjodr.2018. 3.5. 10 Abstract: Langerhans cells are dendritic, antigen-presenting cells which reside within the stratified squamous epithelium of skin and various mucosae, where they function as the outermost arm of the immune system. Langerhans cells play an important role in inflammation and immune responses, including anti-tumour activity. Thus this study is aimed to identify the role of Langerhans cell in oral dysplastic epithelium and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Quantitative analysis of Langerhans cells were done in normal oral mucosa (n=10), oral dysplastic epithelium (n=20) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (n=20) with immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibody against CD1a. Counting was done in ten non-overlapping consecutive high power fields by two independent observers. An increase in the number of Langerhans cells were observed from normal mucosa to oral dysplastic epithelium and oral squamous cell carcinoma. There was no statistically significant increase observed from oral dysplastic epithelium to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The immune system responds to the dysplastic and invading epithelium in oral squamous cell carcinoma by recruiting Langerhans cells. Langerhans cells present altered antigen to naïve T cells, thus initiating an immune response. However, tumour microenvironment has a critical role in modulating the recruitment and function of Langerhans cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma
J ul 2 01 7 Convergence rates for nonequilibrium Langevin dynamics

We study the exponential convergence to the stationary state for nonequilibrium Langevin dynamics, by a perturbative approach based on hypocoercive techniques developed for equilibrium Langevin dynamics. The Hamiltonian and overdamped limits (corresponding respectively to frictions going to zero or infinity) are carefully investigated. In particular, the maximal magnitude of admissible perturbations are quantified as a function of the friction. Numerical results based on a Galerkin discretization of the generator of the dynamics confirm the theoretical lower bounds on the spectral gap. MSC: 82C31, 35H10, 65N35
The effect of several physiotherapeutic interventions on tracheobronchial clearance: evaluation by means of measurement of tracheobronchial clearance using a radio-aerosol technique

Tracheobronchial dearance was measured twice in 10 healthy non-smoking volunteers to evaluate interand intrasubject variability, using a radio-aerosol technique (5 μ m T c labelled polystyrene partides). By means of two detectors radioactivity in the lungs was measured at regular intervals for б hours and once more 24 hours after inhalation. The decrease in radioactivity after correction for background activity, isotope decay and 24-hour retention was assumed to reflect tracheobronchial dearance. Among other parameters to quantitate the results of these tests, the area under the retention curve up to 6 hours after inhalation (AUC-6) was calculated. The intersubject coeffident of variation (COV) using the AUC-6 was 31%. The intra­ subject COV of the AUC-6 was 11%. These results compare favourably with those reported by others using different techniques. It is conduded that the intrasubject variability of tracheobronchial dearance as measured by this technique is small. M. van Hengstum, Afdeling Longziekten, University Hospital Nijmegen, Geert Groote­ plein Zuid 8, p.o. bac 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Nutrition and Cancer Soy Isoflavones Increase Latency of Spontaneous Mammary Tumors in Mice 1 , 2

Soy protein, with and without isoflavones, is being added to foods by manufacturers in response to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved health claim for cardiovascular protection. Furthermore, soy isoflavones are increasingly consumed by women in the United States as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy. The role of these phytoestrogens in breast cancer is controversial. Although exposure of rodents to soy isoflavones during the perinatal period appears to reduce mammary cancer formation, exposure in utero or during adulthood may increase tumor growth. The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-neu mouse spontaneously develops mammary tumors due to overexpression of the ErbB-2/neu/HER2 oncogene. This model is comparable with human breast cancer because overexpression of the neu oncogene occurs in 20–40% of human breast cancers. We fed MMTV-neu mice AIN-93G diets containing no isoflavones, 250 mg/kg genistein, 250 mg/kg daidzein or an isoflavone mixture (NovaSoy, equivalent to 250 mg genistein/kg) from 7 wk of age. Mammary tumor latency was significantly delayed in mice fed isoflavones compared with the control. Once tumors formed, however, the isoflavones did not reduce the number or size of tumors such that at 34 wk of age there were no differences in tumor burden among the treatment groups. Hence, in the MMTV-neu mouse, soy isoflavones delayed mammary tumorigenesis. Further studies are warranted to define the cellular mechanisms through which these compounds affect mammary tumorigenesis in this model. J. Nutr. 132: 3186–3190, 2002.
Lightweight MIPv 6 with IPSec support A mobility protocol for enabling transparent IPv 6 mobility in the Internet of Things with support to the security

Mobility management is a desired feature for the emerging Internet of Things (IoT). Mobility aware solutions increase the connectivity and enhance adaptability to changes of the location and infrastructure. IoT is enabling a new generation of dynamic ecosystems in environments such as smart cities and hospitals. Dynamic ecosystems require ubiquitous access to Internet, seamless handover, flexible roaming policies, and an interoperable mobility protocol with existing Internet infrastructure. These features are challenges for IoT devices, which are usually constrained devices with low memory, processing, communication and energy capabilities. This work presents an analysis of the requirements and desirable features for the mobility support in the IoT, and proposes an efficient solution for constrained environments based on Mobile IPv6 and IPSec. Compatibility with IPv6-existing protocols has been considered a major requirement in order to offer scalable and inter-domain solutions that were not limited to specific application domains in order to enable a new generation of application and services over Internet-enabled dynamic ecosystems, and security support based on IPSec has been also considered, since dynamic ecosystems present several challenges in terms of security and privacy. This work has, on the one hand, analysed suitability of Mobile IPv6 and IPSec for constrained devices, and on the other hand, analysed, designed, developed and evaluated a lightweight version of Mobile IPv6 and IPSec. The proposed solution of lightweight Mobile IPv6 with IPSec is aware of the requirements of the IoT and presents the best solution for dynamic ecosystems in terms of efficiency and security adapted to IoT-devices capabilities. This presents concerns in terms of higher overhead and memory requirements. But, it is proofed and concluded that even when higher memory is required and major overhead is presented, the integration of Mobile IPv6 and IPSec for constrained devices is feasible.
Clinical Utility of Circulating MicroRNA-21 in Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer remains the most frequent type of cancer in females worldwide, with nearly 1.7 million new cases diagnosed in 2012. In Egypt, breast cancer is the most common malignancy among females accounting for 18.3% of total cancer cases in Egypt. Unfortunately, the traditional imaging techniques as well as the currently accepted markers such as serum CEA and CA 15.3 cannot adequately identify early stage patients. MiRNAs are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs ~22 nucleotides in length, which regulate gene expression primarily at the post-transcriptional level and thus are involved in many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. One of which is miRNA-21 and its alterations have been shown to play critical roles in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This is a pilot retrospective case-control study. We quantified serum microRNA-21 expression levels using qRT-PCR in 30 breast cancer patients and another 10 controls in comparison to CA 153 as a conventional marker of breast cancer used in clinical practice. Results: MiRNA-21 expression levels in early diagnosis of breast cancer patients with a superior both sensitivity and specificity of 100% specially in comparison with CA 15.3 that displayed 70% sensitivity and 60% specificity. Conclusion: MiRNA-21 levels are significantly higher in breast cancer patients compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, we found that increased miRNA-21 expression levels correlated with progression of breast cancer stages.
Phylogenetic relationships among four species of Mullidae ( Perciformes ) inferred from DNA sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b and 16 S rRNA genes

DNA sequence comparisons of two mitochondrial DNA genes were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among four species of mullids. Approximately 238 bp of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 261 bp of the cytochrome b (cytb) genes were sequenced from representatives of three mullid genera (Mullus, Upeneus, Pseudopeneus), present in the Mediterranean Sea. Trees were constructed using three methods: maximum likelihood (ML), neighbor joining (NJ) and parsimony (MP). The results of the analyses of these data together with published data of the same mtDNA segments of two other perciform species (Sparus aurata, Perca fluviatilis), support the previous taxonomic classification of the three genera examined, as well as the classification of the two red mullet species in the same genus. # 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Visible . A Service of zbw

This paper investigates whether conventional interest rate policy of central banks is a suitable instrument to attenuate excessive mispricing in stocks as suggested by the proponents of a “leaning against the wind” (LATW) monetary policy. For this, we decompose the stock price into a fundamental, a risk premium and a mispricing component. We argue that mispricing can arise for two reasons: (i) from false subjective expectations of investors about future fundamentals and equity premia, and (ii) from the inherent indeterminacy in asset pricing in line with rational bubbles. Employing a partial equilibrium asset pricing model, we show that the response of the excessive stock price component to a monetary policy shock is ambiguous in both the shortand long-run, and depends on the nature of the mispricing. Subsequently, we evaluate the scope for a LATW policy empirically by employing a time-varying parameter VAR with a flexible identification scheme based on impact and long-run restrictions using data for the S&P500 index from 1962Q1 to 2014Q4. We find that a contractionary monetary policy shock in fact lowers stock prices beyond what is implied by the response of their underlying fundamentals.
Does Board "Independence" Destroy Corporate Value?

The Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) Corporate Governance Council (CGC) has required all listed firms to either adopt a majority of "independent" board members without links either to management or to substantial shareholders or explain "if not, why not". While this close to a global standard, it is the opposite to US exchanges who also require "independence from management" but are explicit in stating that significant shareholding need be no barrier to independence. Within a framework of both fixed firm and combined industry-year effects such that each firm is compared with itself, we show that firm performance declines significantly as affected outside directors depart the firm to make way for "Independents". Regular Gray directors make better acquisition decisions, increase the proportion of incentives in CEO pay, and raise dividend payouts. The presence of more executives on the board significantly reduces the CEO’s pay, while combining the role of CEO and chair adds to firm value.
A Rationale for the Clientele Effect in Money Management 1

This paper proposes a rational explanation for the existence of clientele effects under commonly used portfolio management contracts. Contrary to the common view that investors always benefit from a manager’s market timing skill (private information about future market returns), we show that the value of a manager’s private information to an investor can be negative when the investor is sufficiently more risk-averse than the manager. This suggests different clienteles for skilled and unskilled funds. Investors in skilled funds are uniformly more risk-tolerant than investors in unskilled funds. We examine the effects of the manager’s skill level, contract parameters, and market conditions on an investor’s fund choice. Our results suggest that the investors who are sufficiently more risk-averse than the manager should include fulcrum fees in the contract to benefit from the skilled manager’s information advantage. JEL Classification: G11, G12, G23
Toward a Theory of Spiritual Intelligence and Spiritual Leader Development

Although spiritual intelligence (SQ) has been an emerging topic among social and organizational scholars in recent years, there have been serious academic discussions on whether SQ is an elusive construct, on its dimensionality, and on whether it should even be considered an intelligence in the first place. Proponents of the SQ construct have argued that it is distinct from traditional personality traits and general mental ability and that it is a meaningful construct that can be used to explain various psychological and managerial phenomena. Our main objectives in this paper are to: (1) argue that a common underlying multiple level ontology exists that can serve as a foundation for a being-centered theory of spiritual intelligence, and (2) explore how these levels can inform and enrich the understanding of the development of spiritual intelligence and spiritual leader development. First, we review the definition and domain of the intelligence construct and argue that it is a conceptually distinct form of intelligence. Second, we argue that any theory of spiritual intelligence must focus on the spiritual journey as one of epistemological ascent and ontological descent through five distinct levels of being; a journey of selftranscendence or transformation from ego-centered to other-centered while striving to attain a Nondual state of awareness and maintain this state of being or consciousness from moment-tomoment. Third, we offer a model of spiritual leader development based on this theory of spiritual intelligence. Finally we offer implications for future theory, research and practice on spiritual intelligence and spiritual leader development. INTRODUCTION A growing number of companies such as Chick-Fil-A, Interstate Batteries, Tomasso Corporation of Canada, Maxwell, Locke, & Ritter L.L. P. of Austin, Texas, Ben & Jerry’s Homad Ice Creme, Taco Bell, SREI International Financial Limited of India, Pizza Hut, and BioGenenex are using spiritual lessons in their management and leadership strategies (Conlin, 1999; Fry & Slocum, 2008; Mitroff & Denton, 1999; Saylor, 2005). Some are calling this trend “a spiritual awakening in the American workplace” (Garcia-Zamor, 2003). Patricia Aburdene in her recent book, Megatrends 2010, states that the focus on spirituality in business is becoming so pervasive that it stands as “today’s greatest megatrend. ” She contends that more and more people are making choices in the marketplace as “values-driven consumers” and the power of
FACIAL FIRST IMPRESSIONS ACROSS CULTURE 2 Facial first impressions across culture : data-driven modelling of Chinese and British perceivers ’ unconstrained facial impressions Are Facial Impressions Universal ?

People form first impressions from facial appearance rapidly, and these impressions can have considerable social and economic consequences. Three dimensions can explain Western perceivers’ impressions of Caucasian faces: approachability, youthful-attractiveness and dominance. Impressions along these dimensions are theorized to be based on adaptive cues to threat detection or sexual selection, making it likely that they are universal. We tested whether the same dimensions of facial impressions emerge across culture by building data-driven models of first impressions of Asian and Caucasian faces derived from Chinese and British perceivers’ unconstrained judgments. We then cross-validated the dimensions with computergenerated average images. We found strong evidence for common approachability and youthful-attractiveness dimensions across perceiver and face race, with some evidence of a third dimension akin to capability. The models explained ~75% of the variance in facial impressions. In general, the findings demonstrate substantial cross-cultural agreement in facial impressions, especially on the most salient dimensions.
Applicable Analysis and Discrete Mathematics

Solving a problem raised by Bondy and Szwarcfiter [J. Graph Theory, 72 (2013), 462–477], we prove that if the edge set of a graph G of order n can be decomposed into edge-disjoint induced copies of the path P4 or of the paw K4 − P3, then the complement of G has at least cn 3/2 edges. This lower bound is tight apart from the actual value of c, and settles the previously unsolved cases for the graphs with at most four vertices. More generally the lower bound cn holds for any graph without isolated vertices which is not a complete multipartite graph; but a linear upper bound is valid for any complete tripartite graph.
Energy transient growth in the Taylor – Couette problem a ...

This work is devoted to the study of transient growth of perturbations in the Taylor–Couette problem due to linear mechanisms. The study is carried out for a particular small gap case and is mostly focused on the linearly stable regime of counter-rotation. The exploration covers a wide range of inner and outer angular speeds as well as axial and azimuthal modes. Significant transient growth is found in the regime of stable counter-rotation. The numerical results are in agreement with former analyses based on energy methods. Similarities with transient growth mechanisms in plane Couette flow and in Hagen–Poiseuille flow are discussed. This is reflected in the modulation of the basic circular Couette flow by the presence of azimuthal streaks as a result of the nonmodal growth of initial axisymmetric perturbations. This study might shed some light on the subcritical transition to turbulence which is found experimentally in Taylor–Couette flow when the cylinders rotate in opposite directions. ©2002 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1464851 #
The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph ( UVIS ) observed Titan ’ s dayside

[1] The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) observed Titan’s dayside limb in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and far ultraviolet (FUV) on 22 June 2009 from a mean distance of 23 Titan radii. These high‐quality observations reveal the same EUV and FUV emissions arising from photoelectron excitation and photofragmentation of molecular nitrogen (N2) as found on Earth. We investigate both of these solar driven processes with a terrestrial airglow model adapted to Titan and find that total predicted radiances for the two brightest N2 band systems agree with the observed peak radiances to within 5%. Using N2 densities constrained from in situ observations by the Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer on Cassini, the altitude of the observed limb peak of the EUV and FUV emission bands is between 840 and 1060 km and generally consistent with model predictions. We find no evidence for carbon emissions in Titan’s FUV airglow in contrast to previous Titan airglow studies using UVIS data. In their place, we identify several vibrational bands from the N2 Vegard‐Kaplan system arising from photoelectron impact with predicted peak radiances in agreement with observations. These Titan UV airglow observations are therefore comprised of emissions arising only from solar processes on N2 with no detectable magnetospheric contribution. Weaker EUV Carroll‐Yoshino N2 bands within the v′ = 3, 4, and 6 progressions between 870 and 1020 Å are underpredicted by about a factor of five while the (0,1) band near 980 Å is overpredicted by about a factor of three.
Decision problems , complexity , traces , and representations 1 Decision problems , complexity , traces , and representations

In this article, we study connections between representation theory and efficient solutions to the conjugacy problem on finitely generated groups. The main focus is on the conjugacy problem in conjugacy separable groups, where we measure efficiency in terms of the size of the quotients required to distinguish a distinct pair of conjugacy classes.