Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IN SITU MONITORING OF MEAN BLOOD OXYGEN SATURATION USING EXTENDED MODIFIED LAMBERT BEER MODEL

We present the use of Extended hlodi6ed Lambert-Beer model far o p t i d monitoring of mean blood oxygen saturation (S,02) via a fitting praeedurc. This work facuses on the absorption characteristics of hemoglobin derivatives in the wavelength range of 520400nm to give the best estimate of k O t . The study of the femihility of applying this analytic method to skin oldmetry is via spectroscopy data collected fmm 6ngertips of four healthy volunteers both at rest and during arterial hlwd occlusion condition. The results revealed a decrease in the mean of mean and standard deviation of SrOl value of fineerti~s from 94.5 + 2.19% when volunteers were at rest to 56.76 & -. " . 5.8% during the arterial blood occlusion mearmrement. The larger variation in the value estimated far b l d oeciusion condition could be a mult af diEerences in volunteers' physical f i t n s and hyperternion status. These estimated S,,,02 values agreed reasonably well with the value reported in most of the previous studies. Thk work concluded that the pmpased technique can potentially be used as a complementary technique to clinical -ent of skin Kepordu: Extended m&ed Lambert-Beer model; Mem b l d oxygen saturation; Skin oxbetry; Speetrosmpy INTRODUCTION normally related to the health of a person's cardiovas0dmetry has been used extensively for several decades c u k system and the recovery rate of an affected area as one of the most important diagnostic tools to from the injury. The principle of modern pulse odmetry monitor one's bloodoxygen saturation or oxyhemoglobin is based on the change in the color of Hb in respond to (OxyHb) saturation. This parameter is used to deterthe oxygen level' and this device relies on a look up table mine the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin, and is to interpret the measured signals into the related arterial :Corresponding author: Dr Audrey Huong, Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. E-mail: audreyQuthm.edu. my
Brg1 is required for stem cell maintenance in the murine intestinal epithelium in a tissue‐specific manner

Brg1 is a chromatin remodeling factor involved in mediation of a plethora of signaling pathways leading to its participation in various physiological processes both during development and in adult tissues. Among other signaling pathways, the Wnt pathway has been proposed to require Brg1 for transactivation of its target genes. Given the pivotal role of the Wnt pathway in the maintenance of normal intestinal homeostasis, we aimed to investigate the effects of Brg1 loss on the intestinal physiology. To this end, we deleted Brg1 in the murine small and large intestinal epithelia using a range of transgenic approaches. Pan‐epithelial loss of Brg1 in the small intestine resulted in crypt ablation, while partial Brg1 deficiency led to gradual repopulation of the intestinal mucosa with wild‐type cells. In contrast, Brg1 loss in the large intestinal epithelium was compensated by upregulation of Brm. We propose that while Brg1 is dispensable for the survival and function of the progenitor and differentiated cells in the murine intestinal epithelium, it is essential for the maintenance of the stem cell population in a tissue‐specific manner. Stem Cells 2013;31:2457–2466
Risk Perception of Heavy Metal Soil Contamination and Attitudes toward Decontamination Strategies

Contaminated soils are a common environmental risk all over the world. One major source of risk is heavy metal soil contamination caused by industrial emissions. This quasiexperimental study investigated the perception of these risks by exposed and nonexposed people, their attitudes toward bioremediation methods using hyperaccumulating plants, and the influence of long‐term aspects of sustainability on the acceptance of bioremediation methods. Major findings were that people living in a contaminated area perceived the risk of the heavy metal soil contamination as higher than the general risk of contamination. Second, a factor analysis showed that the factors dread, control, and catastrophic potential were relevant for the perception and valuation of low‐dose environmental risks such as the contamination of the investigated area. In addition, a cluster analysis showed that the risk of heavy metal soil contamination was perceived as similar to that of oil contamination, ozone layer, preservatives and genetic technology. It was perceived indifferently with regard to dread. The uncontrollability of heavy metal soil contamination was estimated as medium, and its catastrophic potential as low. Third, exposed and nonexposed participants preferred bioremediation methods to classical methods (e.g., excavation and chemical treatment of the soil), because they perceived the environmental and esthetical performance of the bioremediation as important criteria. Sustainability or precautionary issues, such as the prevention of harm for future generations, were highly correlated with the acceptance of the use of bioremediation methods in people’s residential areas.
Postfire changes in forest carbon storage over a 300‐year chronosequence of Pinus contorta‐dominated forests

A warming climate may increase the frequency and severity of stand-replacing wildfires, reducing carbon (C) storage in forest ecosystems. Understanding the variability of postfire C cycling on heterogeneous landscapes is critical for predicting changes in C storage with more frequent disturbance. We measured C pools and fluxes for 77 lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud var. latifolia Engelm.) stands in and around Yellowstone National Park (YNP) along a 300-year chronosequence to examine how quickly forest C pools recover after a stand-replacing fire, their variability through time across a complex landscape, and the role of stand structure in this variability. Carbon accumulation after fire was rapid relative to the historical mean fire interval of 150–300 years, recovering nearly 80% of prefire C in 50 years and 90% within 100 years. Net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) declined monotonically, from 160 g C·m−2·yr−1 at age 12 to 5 g C·m−2·yr−1 at age 250, but was never negative after disturbance.
A Series of Leap Motion-Based Matching Games for Enhancing the Fine Motor Skills of Children with Autism

This study assessed the effectiveness of rehabilitating children with autism with a series of Leap Motion-based applications in a special school setting. Experiment was carried out according to an AB sequence. Experimental result showed that the two participants' fine motor skills improved significantly, and their recognition of colors and fruits after the intervention was 100%.
High prevalence of mutans streptococci in a population with extremely low prevalence of dental caries.

The quantitative distribution of the mutans streptococci was investigated in populations with very low caries prevalence. Three hundred and seven school children from rural Sudan with an estimated age of 12 years were examined for dental status and salivary mutans streptococci. Forty-two isolates from the salivary cultures were determined to species level by studying the serogroup and biotype. Denial caries in permanent teeth was diagnosed in 12% of the children and the mean DMFT was 0.17 (range 0-6 DMFT). Caries was confined to fissures. Mutans streptococci were found in 96% of the children and high counts were obtained in 45%. Of 42 isolated strains, 37 belonged to Streptococcus mutans, 5 to Streptococcus sobrinus and none to Streptococcus rattus. The observations show that the mutans streptococci can be widespread in human populations with extremely low prevalence of dental caries and consequently that these bacteria may be readily propagated in human populations without association to a caries-promoting life style.
Southeastern Regional Pediatric Disaster Surge Network: A Public Health Partnership

In the event of a natural or man-made disaster involving large numbers of children, resources in the Southeastern U.S. are extremely limited. This article chronicles the efforts of the Alabama Department of Public Health, the Mississippi State Department of Health, and the South Central Center for Public Health Preparedness in conjunction with more than 40 organizations to develop a voluntary network of health-care providers, public health departments, volunteers, and emergency responders from Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee. The purpose of the Southeastern Regional Pediatric Disaster Surge Network (the Network) is to improve the pediatric preparedness response strategies of public health, emergency response, and pediatric providers in the event of large-scale emergencies or disasters that overwhelm local or state pediatric resources. The planning and development of the Network is proceeding through three general phases—information sharing, mutual goal setting and collective action, and long-term formal linkages. In Phase 1, critical planning tasks to be undertaken in the development of the Network were identified. In Phase 2, the agencies developed a draft operational handbook that served as the basis for a formal memorandum of understanding. In Phase 3, participants will engage in exercises and evaluations that will further identify and work out logistical and operational details.
Solder Joint Reliability under Electromigration and Thermal-Mechanical Load

The numerical simulation method for electromigration in solder joint under the combination of current density and thermal mechanical load is investigated. The three dimensional electromigration finite element sub-model technique is developed. Numerical experiment is carried out to obtain the electrical, thermal and stress fields with the migration failure under high current density loads. The direct coupled analysis and indirect coupled analysis that include electrical, thermal and stress fields are performed and discussed. The viscoplastic Anand constitutive material model with both lead and lead-free solder materials is considered in the paper. A global chip scale package with PCB is modeled using relative coarse elements. To reduce the computational costs and improve the calculation accuracy, a refine submodel with trace and solder bump is constructed. The submodel is studied in a direct and indirect coupled multiple fields. The comparison and discussion of void generation through numerical example in this paper and previous experimental work is given.
Harnessing Long Term Physical Activity Data—How Long-term Trackers Use Data and How an Adherence-based Interface Supports New Insights

Increasingly, people are amassing long term physical activity data which could play an important role for reflection. However, it is not clear if and how existing trackers use their long term data and incomplete data is a potential challenge. We introduced the notion of adherence to design iStuckWithIt, a custom calendar display that integrates and embeds daily adherence (days with data and days without), hourly adherence (hours of wear each day) and goal adherence (days people achieved their activity goals). Our study of 21 long term FitBit users (average: 23 months, 17 over 1 year) began with an interview about their use and knowledge of long term physical activity data followed by a think-aloud use of iStuckWithIt and a post-interview. Our participants gained new insights about their wearing patterns and they could then use this to overcome problems of missing data, to gain insights about their physical activity and goal achievement. This work makes two main contributions: new understanding of the ways that long term trackers have used and understand their data; the design and evaluation of iStuckWithIt demonstrating that people can gain new insights through designs that embed daily, hourly adherence data with goal adherence.
Les exploitations agricoles à l'épreuve de la firme

Dans son livre intitule L’espace et le temps en Camargue, Bernard Picon retrace le processus exemplaire de mise en valeur agricole de la Camargue depuis le debut du xixe siecle, territoire predispose a des dynamiques de type industriel en ce que son milieu naturel repute hostile rendait difficile l’installation des communautes paysannes traditionnelles. Aujourd’hui, cette region voit emerger de nouvelles formes d’organisation de la production, que nous tentons de decrire et de caracteriser a partir d’entretiens realises aupres de differents acteurs de la filiere rizicole et d’une photographie des trajectoires recentes des exploitations. Pour presenter cette nouvelle figure que, par defaut, nous nommons « agriculture de firme », nous proposons d’ajouter aux ideaux-types habituels des ideaux-types mieux cibles. Au-dela de cet exercice typologique, nous nous interessons a la coexistence de ces formes societaires avec les formes plus classiques de l’exploitation familiale. Ce travail doit contribuer a une meilleure comprehension des phenomenes en cours, non seulement en Camargue mais aussi dans d’autres regions agricoles francaises.
Age trends of sibling resemblance for height, weight and BMI during growth in a mixed longitudinal sample from Sarsuna-Barisha, India

Background: Even though some studies have considered that sibling resemblance remains constant throughout the life cycle, several investigations emphasize the importance of age and its interactions with genetic and environmental factors in determining sibling similarity in several bodily traits. In fact, the study of age changes in familial resemblance is of great importance for the analysis of certain sources of variation observed in growth processes. Aim: The study examined sibling resemblance for height, weight and body mass index (BMI) in a mixed longitudinal sample from West Bengal, ages 2–19 years, in order to analyse the variations with age of the sibling resemblance for these phenotypes during growth. Sample and methods: Two hundred and forty-five brothers and 213 sisters from 138 middle-class nuclear families living in a semi-urban area of South Kolkata, India were analysed. The analysis of sibling resemblance was performed through correlations estimated by the maximum-likelihood method. The patterns of different trends of sibling resemblance with age were examined by fitting a cubic non-linear regression to the observed correlations. Results: The results show clear variations with age in the sibling resemblance for the traits height and weight, though to a lesser extent for BMI. In general, we found the highest correlation values during the period of infancy, a remarkable decrease during puberty, and a trend of increase towards the end of the growth cycle. Conclusion: The study confirms the effect of age on the degree of similarity among siblings for height, weight and BMI in the sample. The sharp decline of correlation at adolescence can be interpreted in terms of the individual variation in age of reaching the adolescent growth spurt.
A genome-wide screen for ethylene-induced ethylene response factors (ERFs) in hybrid aspen stem identifies ERF genes that modify stem growth and wood properties.

Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs) are a large family of transcription factors that mediate responses to ethylene. Ethylene affects many aspects of wood development and is involved in tension wood formation. Thus ERFs could be key players connecting ethylene action to wood development. We identified 170 gene models encoding ERFs in the Populus trichocarpa genome. The transcriptional responses of ERF genes to ethylene treatments were determined in stem tissues of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) by qPCR. Selected ethylene-responsive ERFs were overexpressed in wood-forming tissues and characterized for growth and wood chemotypes by FT-IR. Fifty ERFs in Populus showed more than five-fold increased transcript accumulation in response to ethylene treatments. Twenty-six ERFs were selected for further analyses. A majority of these were induced during tension wood formation. Overexpression of ERFs 18, 21, 30, 85 and 139 in wood-forming tissues of hybrid aspen modified the wood chemotype. Moreover, overexpression of ERF139 caused a dwarf-phenotype with altered wood development, and overexpression of ERF18, 34 and 35 slightly increased stem diameter. We identified ethylene-induced ERFs that respond to tension wood formation, and modify wood formation when overexpressed. This provides support for their role in ethylene-mediated regulation of wood development.
Assessment of left atrial mechanical functions in thyroid dysfunction.

INTRODUCTION Thyroid hormone deficiency can lead to the impairment of cardiac function. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine the left atrial (LA) mechanical function in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHT) and overt hypothyroidism (OHT) and investigate associations of LA mechanical function with diastolic function. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty‑six patients with newly diagnosed SHT (mean age, 42.2 ±12.5 years), 21 patients with OHT (40.2 ±8.5 years) and 28 healthy volunteers (42.4 ±11.2 years) were enrolled in this study. Patients were evaluated by standard M‑mode echocardiographic measurements, mitral Doppler flow analysis, and tissue Doppler parameters at the lateral, septal, and right ventricular annuli. LA volumes were measured using the disc method, and the parameters of LA mechanical function were calculated. RESULTS The active emptying volume (AEV) and active emptying fraction (AEF) were significantly higher in the OHT and SHT groups compared with controls. The passive emptying volume and passive emptying fraction were lower in the OHT and SHT groups compared with controls, but the differences were not significant. The conduit volume and the E/A ratio were significantly lower in the OHT and SHT groups compared with controls. The lateral and septal E/Em were significantly higher in the OHT and SHT groups than in the control group, but the septal Em/Am was significantly lower. Diastolic function parameters showed significant associations with AEV and AEF. CONCLUSIONS LA mechanical function is impaired in patients with thyroid dysfunction. Our findings suggest that this impairment is secondary to that of the left ventricular diastolic function.
Altered mental status in patients with cancer.

OBJECTIVE To identify the causes of an altered mental status in a cancer population. METHODS We studied 140 confused patients with cancer (100 prospectively and 40 retrospectively) between January 1, 1991, and June 30, 1992, to determine clinical findings, causes, and outcome. RESULTS All patients had non-central nervous system cancers. The most common primary cancer types were lung (20%), gastrointestinal tract (18%), leukemia and lymphoma (17%), and breast (11%). Median patient age was 73 years, and 49% were men. Disseminated systemic metastases were present in 50% of patients; 34% were confused at hospital admission and 66% developed confusion during hospitalization. Symptoms included lethargy or coma in 61% of patients, agitation in 44%, disorientation in 83%, lateralizing signs in 41%, delusions or hallucinations in 28%, and seizures in 9%. A single cause of the altered mental status was found in 33% of patients, whereas 67% had multiple causes. Drugs, especially opioids, were associated with altered mental status in 64% of patients, metabolic abnormalities in 53%, infection in 46%, and recent surgery in 32%. A structural brain lesion was the sole cause of encephalopathy in 15% of patients. Although delirium improved in 67% of patients, it was a poor prognostic factor for overall outcome. Thirty-day mortality was 25%, and 44% of patients died within 6 months, usually from progression of the underlying cancer. Prolonged delirium suggested infection or coagulopathy. Younger patients and those with hypoxemia or kidney or liver dysfunction were more likely to die (P<.05). CONCLUSION Patients with cancer usually have multiple causes of delirium, many of which are treatable, with rapid improvement in their cognitive status.
Predicting drug clearance from recombinantly expressed CYPs: intersystem extrapolation factors

1. Recombinantly expressed human cytochromes P450 (rhCYPs) have been underused for the prediction of human drug clearance (CL). 2. Differences in intrinsic activity (per unit CYP) between rhCYP and human liver enzymes complicate the issue and these discrepancies have not been investigated systematically. We define intersystem extrapolation factors (ISEFs) that allow the use of rhCYP data for the in vitro–in vivo extrapolation of human drug CL and the variance that is associated with interindividual variation of CYP abundance due to genetic and environmental effects. 3. A large database (n = 451) of metabolic stability data has been compiled and used to derive ISEFs for the most commonly used expression systems and CYP enzymes. 4. Statistical models were constructed for the ISEFs to determine major covariates in order to optimize experimental design to increase prediction accuracy. 5. Suggestions have been made for the conduct of future studies using rhCYP to predict human drug clearance.
Touching base: The effect of participant and stimulus modulation factors on a haptic line bisection task

Acquiring information about our environment through touch is vital in everyday life. Yet very little literature exists about factors that may influence haptic or tactile processing. Recent neuroimaging studies have reported haptic laterality effects that parallel those reported in the visual literature. With the use of a haptic variant of the classical line bisection task, the present study aimed to determine the presence of laterality effects on a behavioural level. Specifically, three handedness groups including strong dextrals, strong sinistrals, and—the to-date largely neglected group of—mixed-handers were examined in their ability to accurately bisect stimuli constructed from corrugated board strips of various lengths. Stimulus factors known to play a role in visuospatial perception including stimulus location, the hand used for bisection, and direction of exploration were systematically varied through pseudo-randomisation. Similar to the visual domain, stimulus location and length as well as participants' handedness and the hand used for bisection exerted a significant influence on participants' estimate of the centre of haptically explored stimuli. However, these effects differed qualitatively from those described for the visual domain, and the factor direction of exploration did not exert any significant effect. This indicates that laterality effects reported on a neural level are sufficiently pronounced to result in measurable behavioural effects. The results, first, add to laterality effects reported for the visual and auditory domain, second, are in line with supramodal spatial processing and third, provide additional evidence to a conceptualisation of pseudoneglect and neglect as signs of hemispheric attentional asymmetries.