Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and Psychosocial Predictors of Subjective Well-Being in Urban Older Adults

Prior research indicates that physical health and social support have substantial influences on subjective well-being among older adults. However, little research has examined the influences of coping style and cognitive functioning on subjective well-being among older adults. This study investigated cognitive and psychosocial predictors of subjective well-being among 129 adults, ages 65-89 years. Canonical correlation indicated that subjective well-being was characterized by two dimensions: life satisfaction and affective balance (happiness). The use of emotion-focused coping strategies and poor perceived health were associated with diminished perceptions of life satisfaction, whereas task-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping were positively related to happiness. Cognitive functioning was positively related to life satisfaction and pleasant emotions independent of education and income.
The Social Dimension of Entrepreneurship: the Role of Regional Social Effects

Abstract The main question of this paper is to show why individuals residing in highly entrepreneurial regions are more likely to become entrepreneurs. It deals with the so-called social dimension of entrepreneurship, that is with those elements of social capital which can be relevant for explaining local entrepreneurship. Our theoretical results suggest that the existing set of social norms and relations affect the occupational reward structure and, as a result, entrepreneurial preference. If this were the case, entrepreneurship could be stimulated by influencing institutions and social norms, as such changes would, in due course, produce effects both on pecuniary and non-pecuniary rewards.
Restoration of miR-200c to Ovarian Cancer Reduces Tumor Burden and Increases Sensitivity to Paclitaxel

A therapeutic intervention that could decrease tumor burden and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy would have a significant impact on the high morbidity rate associated with ovarian cancer. miRNAs have emerged as potential therapeutic candidates due to their ability to downregulate multiple targets involved in tumor progression and chemoresistance. miRNA-200c (miR-200c) is downregulated in ovarian cancer cell lines and stage III ovarian tumors, and low miR-200c correlates with poor prognosis. miR-200c increases sensitivity to taxanes in vitro by targeting class III β-tubulin gene (TUBB3), a tubulin known to mediate chemoresistance. Indeed, we find that patients with tumors having low TUBB3 had significantly prolonged survival (average survival 52.73 ± 4.08 months) as compared with those having high TUBB3 (average survival 42.56 ± 3.19 months). miR-200c also targets TrkB, a mediator of resistance to anoikis. We show that restoration of miR-200c to ovarian cancer cells results in increased anoikis sensitivity and reduced adherence to biologic substrates in vitro. Because both chemo- and anoikis-resistance are critical steps in the progression of ovarian cancer, we sought to determine how restoration of miR-200c affects tumor burden and chemosensitivity in an in vivo preclinical model of ovarian cancer. Restoration of miR-200c in an intraperitoneal xenograft model of human ovarian cancer results in decreased tumor formation and tumor burden. Furthermore, even in established tumors, restoration of miR-200c, alone or in combination with paclitaxel, results in significantly decreased tumor burden. Our study suggests that restoration of miR-200c immediately before cytotoxic chemotherapy may allow for a better response or lower effective dose. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(12); 2556–65. ©2012 AACR.
The Journey-to-Work in the Context of Daily Travel

An automatic belt building apparatus comprises a belt storing apparatus outwardly shifting endless belts suspended from hangers one by one, a belt feeding apparatus being adapted to lay the extended belt on a convex cylinder and then transfer it to a pulley of a covering machine, a covering machine being adapted to apply on said belt laid on the pulley and being stretched, with cover cloth of a predetermined width and capable of cutting said cloth at predetermined intervals, a detection and removal apparatus for joints in the belt cover cloth which detects the joints in the cover cloth introduced into said covering machine by way of limit switches and leads out said cover cloth by a predetermined length and cuts it for removal up on forecasting an excess in the distance or approach between the bias joints inherent to the cover cloth and those loop joints at the trailing ends of the cover cloth in covering the belts, a belt detaching apparatus detaching the belts from the pulley by pushing said belt from the side thereof while rotating the pulley and running the belts after conpletion of the covering operation, and a belt accumulation apparatus hooking up the belts detached from the pulley by a curved lever and transferring the same to a predetermined location with all of said apparatus being arranged successively and operated automatically.
Use of Silk Road, the online drug marketplace, in the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States.

AIMS To investigate the prevalence of awareness of the online illicit drug marketplace Silk Road (SR), consumption of drugs purchased from SR and reasons for use and non-use of SR. DESIGN AND SETTING Global Drug Survey: purposive sample collected in late 2012. PARTICIPANTS The base sample (n = 9470) reported recent drug purchase and resided in the United Kingdom (n = 4315, median age 24, 76% male), Australia (n = 2761, median age 32, 76% male) or the United States (n = 2394, median age 21, 80% male). MEASUREMENTS Online questionnaire. FINDINGS A total of 65% of US, 53% of Australian and 40% of UK respondents had heard of SR; 18% of US, 10% of UK and 7% of Australian respondents had consumed drugs purchased through SR. Across the three countries, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) was the most commonly purchased drug (53-60%), followed by cannabis (34-51%), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (29-45%) and the 2C family (16%-27%). The most common reasons for purchasing from SR were wider range (75-89%), better quality (72-77%), greater convenience (67-69%) and the use of vendor rating systems (60-65%). The most common reasons for avoiding SR purchase were adequate drug access (63-68%) and fear of being caught (41-53%). Logistic regressions found that, compared with people from the UK, Australians [odds ratio (OR) = 3.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.29, 4.97) and Americans (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.94) were more likely to use SR due to lower prices; and to avoid SR purchase due to fear of being caught (Australia: OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.39, 1.96; USA: OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.37, 1.92). CONCLUSIONS While reasons for Silk Road use accord with broader online commerce trends (range, quality, convenience, ratings), its appeal to drug purchasers is moderated by country-specific deterrents and market characteristics.
The definition of border disease: problems for the diagnostician

Inocula derived from two sources of typical border disease (BD) and designated BP-77 and H-77 respectively, were prepared and injected into pregnant ewes of four breeds. The BP-77 inoculum produced higher serum neutralising antibody titres to the cytopathic BD virus than to the NADL strain of bovine virus diarrhoea virus. Only typical BD occurred among the progeny of all four breeds. In contrast H-77 produced higher titres to bovine virus diarrhoea than to BD and typical BD occurred only in the progeny of two of the four breeds. Progeny of the other two breeds appeared normal or had a range of malformations of the central nervous system but none of the characteristic clinical or pathological stigmata of BD. The existence of more than one strain of BD virus is confirmed. Virus strain/host genotype interactions may affect the character of disease in the progeny. The possible implications for diagnosis and control are discussed. It is concluded that the generally accepted criteria for diagnosis of BD are no longer adequate and that the disorder should be redesignated.
The ground beetle genus Bembidion Latreille in Baltic amber: Review of preserved specimens and first 3D reconstruction of endophallic structures using X-ray microscopy (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini)

Abstract The ground beetle genus Bembidion is a highly diverse group of small predators with more than 1.200 described extant species. In contrast, only two representatives of Bembidion are known from the amber fossil record and their position within this mega-diverse genus is dubious. Here, we address the taxonomic position of these two extinct Bembidion species (B. succini Giebel, 1856 and B. christelae Ortuño & Arillo, 2010). Based on the insufficient description and the missing type specimen, B. succini, nomen dubium, cannot be assigned to the genus Bembidion and/or to the tribe Bembidiini with certainty. The subgenus Archaeophilochthus Ortuño & Arillo, 2010 was erected for the second extinct species, B. christelae, based on external characters. However, this species seems indistinguishable to members of the earlier described subgenus Philochthemphanes Netolitzky, 1943 which comprises about extant 10 species distributed in East and Southeast Asia. Furthermore, we describe two new species, B. bukejsi sp. n. and B. alekseevi sp. n. , from the Eocene Baltic amber using X-ray microscopy. Based on external and genital morphology including endophallic structures, we erected the monotypic subgenus Eodontium subgen. n. for B. bukejsi sp. n. , which is probably related to the subgenera Andrewesa Netolitzky, 1931, the Hydrium complex, or the Odontium series sensu Maddison (2012). On the other hand, B. alekseevi sp. n. can be assigned to the subgenus Eupetedromus Netolitzky, 1911. The occurrence of representatives of at least two species groups adapted to a temperate climate suggests the presence of at least locally temperate climates in Baltic amber forests.
CARBON TAXES AND FISCAL REFORM IN THE UNITED STATES

In this paper we consider the economic and environmental impacts of taxes on emissions of greenhouse gases. Substituting carbon taxes for other sources of revenue or using the proceeds to reduce deficits or finance expenditures are the keys to integration of carbon taxes with fiscal reform. Recycling carbon tax revenues through reductions of capital income tax rates provides the largest margin of economic benefits over the costs of emissions control. Reducing capital tax rates lowers the cost of capital services and increases the rate of capital formation. This mechanism provides a dramatic illustration of the power of intertemporal general equilibrium modeling in the design of new energy and environmental policies for the United States.
Cloning of a Brucella melitensis group 3 antigen gene encoding Omp28, a protein recognized by the humoral immune response during human brucellosis

Brucella group 3 antigens (Ags) are outer membrane proteins (OMPs) with a molecular mass ranging from 25 to 30 kDa. The OMPs are of interest partially because of their potential use as vaccine and diagnostic reagents. We used human convalescent antibody (Ab) to clone a gene that encoded a 28-kDa protein from a lambdagt11 library of Brucella melitensis 16M genomic DNA. DNA sequence analysis revealed a single open reading frame that would encode a protein of 26,552 Da. The 28-kDa protein had a primary amino acid sequence that was 43% similar to a previously described Brucella abortus group 3 Ag, Omp25 (P. de Wergifosse, P. Lintermans, J. N. Limet, and A. Cloeckaert, J. Bacteriol. 177:1911-1914, 1995). The similarity to a known group 3 OMP, immunoreactivity with Ab prepared against B. abortus group Ags, immunolabeling of whole cells, and Southern hybridization led to our conclusion that the B. melitensis 28-kDa protein was a group 3 protein distinct from B. abortus Omp25. We designated the B. melitensis protein Omp28. Human convalescent sera from patients infected with B. abortus and Brucella suis as well as rabbit antisera prepared against killed B. abortus whole cells recognized B. melitensis Omp28 on Western blots (immunoblots). Furthermore, mice and goats infected with smooth strains of B. melitensis produced Abs against Omp28. Our results may begin to explain the variability in molecular weight seen in Brucella group Ags and point toward their possible use in vaccination against infection as well as diagnosis of the disease.
A new tool in white blood cell reduction for packed red cells:5 Log depletion

The recent development of new filters used for leucocyte reduction aims at restricting the number of leucocytes to a threshold where their undesirable effects can be minimized or excluded. In this paper we describe the performance of a new filter named BIO R01 MAX and claimed by the manufacturer to perform 5 Log10 depletion. The results show that the efficiency of the filter reached 5 Log10 depletion and the absolute number of white blood cells in the post‐filtration units is always less than 2 × 104 with considerable safety in the prevention of transfusion reactions.
Treatment of Secondary Syphilis: An Evaluation of 204 Patients

Our recommended treatment schedule for secondary syphilis is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G, 2.4 million units weekly for two consecutive weeks. If the patient is allergic to penicillin, we recommend that 2 gm of oral tetracycline be given each day for 12 days. Two hundred and four patients with secondary syphilis were treated with these schedules; 165 were given benzathine penicillin G and 39 received tetracycline. All of the patients were cured clinically and all achieved seronegativity within 24 months. There was a direct correlation between the duration of the rash and the secondary lesions that the patients exhibited. Patients who presented early in the course of illness tended to have macular and maculopapular lesions, whereas those who appeared later were more likely to have papular or pustular lesions. The serologie response to treatment was correlated with the duration of the rash and the appearance of the secondary lesions. Patients whose rash was of short duration and those with macular and maculopapular lesions became seronegative sooner than those patients whose rash was of longer duration and who had papular or pustular lesions.
Rules of Encounter - Designing Conventions for Automated Negotiation among Computers

Part 1 Machines that make deals: the premise machine encounters social engineering for machines scenarios how does this differ from Al? how does this differ from game theory? Part 2 Interaction mechanisms: the negotiation problem in different domains attributes of negotiation mechanisms assumptions incentive compatibility. Part 3 Task-oriented domains: domain definition attributes and examples a negotiation mechanism evaluation of the negotiation mechanism an alternative, one-step protocol mechanisms that maximize the product of utilities the bottom line. Part 4 Deception-free protocols: non-manipulable negotiation mechanisms probabilistic deals subadditive domains concave domains modular domains summary of incentive compatible mechanisms the bottom line. Part 5 State-oriented domains: side-effects in encounters domain definition attributes and examples a negotiation mechanism worth of a goal conflict resolution semi-co-operative deals in non-conflict situations unified negotiation protocols (UNP) multi-plan deals the hierarchy of deal types - summary unbounded worth of a goal - tidy agents the bottom line. Part 6 Strategic manipulation: negotiation with incomplete information incomplete information about worth of goals using the revelation principle to re-design the mechanisms the bottom line. Part 7 Worth-oriented domains: goal relaxation domain definition one agent best plan negotiation over sub-optimal states examples of worth functions the bottom line. Appendices: strict/tolerant mechanisms some related work proofs.
Development and Bias Assessment of a Method for Targeted Metagenomic Sequencing of Marine Cyanobacteria

ABSTRACT Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are the most abundant photosynthetic organisms in oligotrophic waters and responsible for a significant percentage of the earth's primary production. Here we developed a method for metagenomic sequencing of sorted Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus populations using a transposon-based library preparation technique. First, we observed that the cell lysis technique and associated amount of input DNA had an important role in determining the DNA library quality. Second, we found that our transposon-based method provided a more even coverage distribution and matched more sequences of a reference genome than multiple displacement amplification, a commonly used method for metagenomic sequencing. We then demonstrated the method on Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus field populations from the Sargasso Sea and California Current isolated by flow cytometric sorting and found clear environmentally related differences in ecotype distributions and gene abundances. In addition, we saw a significant correspondence between metagenomic libraries sequenced with our technique and regular sequencing of bulk DNA. Our results show that this targeted method is a viable replacement for regular metagenomic approaches and will be useful for identifying the biogeography and genome content of specific marine cyanobacterial populations.
Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 for increased solvent production by enhancement of acetone formation enzyme activities using a synthetic acetone operon

The ability to genetically alter the product‐formation capabilities of Clostridium acetobutylicum is necessary for continued progress toward industrial production of the solvents butanol and acetone by fermentation. Batch fermentations at pH 4.5, 5.5, or 6.5 were conducted using C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (pFNK6). Plasmid pFNK6 contains a synthetic operon (the “ace operon”) in which the three homologous acetone‐formation genas (adc, ctfA, and ctfB) are transcribed from the adc promoter. The corresponding enzymes (acetoacetate decarboxylase and CoA‐transferase) were best expressed in pH 4.5 fermentations. However, the highest levels of solvents were attained at pH 5.5. Relative to the plasmid‐free control strain at pH 5.5, ATCC 824 (pFNK6) produced 95%, 37%, and 90% higher final concentrations of acetone, butanol, and ethanol, respectively; a 50% higher yield (g/g) of solvents on glucose; and a 22‐fold lower mass of residual carboxylic acids. At all pH values, the acetone‐formation enzymes were expressed earlier with ATCC 824 (pFNK6) than in control fermentations, leading to earlier induction of acetone formation. Furthermore, strain ATCC 824 (pFNK6) produced butanol significantly earlier in the fermentation and produced significant levels of solvents at pH 6.5. Only trace levels of solvents were produced by strain ATCC 824 at pH 6.5. Compared with ATCC 824, a plasmid‐control strain containing a vector without the ace operon also produced higher levels of solvents [although lower than those of strain ATCC 824 (pFNK6)] and lower levels of acids. Strains containing plasmid‐borne derivatives of the ace operon, in which either the acetoacetate decarboxylase or CoA‐transferase alone were expressed at elevated levels, produced acids and solvents at levels similar to those of the plasmid‐control strain. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cathepsin K Deficiency Prevents the Aggravated Vascular Remodeling Response to Flow Cessation in ApoE-/- Mice

Cathepsin K (catK) is a potent lysosomal cysteine protease involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and inflammatory remodeling responses. Here we have investigated the contribution of catK deficiency on carotid arterial remodeling in response to flow cessation in apoE-/- and wild type (wt) background. Ligation-induced hyperplasia is considerably aggravated in apoE-/- versus wt mice. CatK protein expression was significantly increased in neointimal lesions of apoE-/- compared with wt mice, suggesting a role for catK in intimal hyperplasia under hyperlipidemic conditions. Surprisingly, CatK deficiency completely blunted the augmented hyperplastic response to flow cessation in apoE-/-, whereas vascular remodeling in wt mice was unaffected. As catK deficiency did neither alter lesion collagen content and elastic laminae fragmentation in vivo, we focused on effects of catK on (systemic) inflammatory responses. CatK deficiency significantly reduced circulating CD3 T-cell numbers, but increased the regulatory T cell subset in apoE-/- but not wt mice. Moreover, catK deficiency changed CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6C high monocyte distribution in apoE-/- but not wt mice and tended to favour macrophage M2a polarization. In conclusion, catK deficiency almost completely blunted the increased vascular remodeling response of apoE-/- mice to flow cessation, possibly by correcting hyperlipidemia-associated pro-inflammatory effects on the peripheral immune response.
The influence of sympathetic innervation on vascular sensitivity to noradrenaline.

The central artery of the rabbit ear is much less sensitive to noradrenaline applied to the adventitia than to noradrenaline applied to the intima (de la Lande, Cannell & Waterson, 1966). Cocaine, by selectively enhancing sensitivity to extraluminal noradrenaline, reduces or abolishes the difference in sensitivity (de la Lande & Waterson, 1967). In common with arteries in brain, mesentery and muscle (Carlsson, Falck & Hillarp, 1962; Falck, 1962; Fuxe & Sedvall, 1965), noradrenergic structures in the ear artery are concentrated in the adventitia and there is no evidence of penetration of sympathetic nerve terminals into the media (Waterson & Smale, 1967). We have proposed therefore that the difference in sensitivity of the artery to intraluminal and extraluminal noradrenaline is related to uptake of noradrenaline into the adventitial noradrenaline stores (de la Lande & Waterson, 1967). Evidence of such a relation has been further examined in the present study by comparing the effects of denervation with those of cocaine. In addition observations have been made on the time course of action of cocaine, and of the effects of cocaine on the response of the artery to nerve stimulation, and to a non-adrenergic stimulant-namely, histamine.
Rating Journals in Health Care Administration: The Perceptions of Program Chairpersons

The perceived quality of a journal is often a heavily weighted factor in the appraisal of faculty performance. We developed a listing of 53 prominent journals in the field of health care administration and surveyed the chairpersons of the 52 accredited graduate programs in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico, asking each to rate the level of achievement of a faculty member who published in each journal. Using the chi-square goodness-of-fit method for a multinomial experiment, we were able to identify six distinct “tiers” of journals and show a relationship between the subject category of a journal and its tier ranking. The implications of the study findings for faculty members are addressed, followed by a discussion of the data limitations and suggestions for future research.