Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for selective inhibitory impairment in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

OBJECTIVE The social and communicative challenges faced by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often compounded by additional difficulties with executive function. It remains unclear, however, to what the extent individuals with ASD experienced impairment in inhibitory control. The objective of the present study was to assess the three main subtypes of executive inhibitory control within a single ASD sample thus providing new insight into the unique ASD-related pattern of sparing and impairment observed across different aspects of inhibitory control. METHOD A sample of 28 children with ASD (mean age = 13.1 years) and a comparison group of 49 neurologically uncompromised children (mean age = 13.3 years) participated. A prepotent response inhibition task, a flanker visual filtering task, and a proactive interference memory task were used to evaluate prepotent response inhibition, resistance to distracter interference, and resistance to proactive interference, respectively. RESULTS After accounting for individual differences in noninhibition abilities (e.g., processing speed) and overall level of functioning, there was no evidence of group-related differences in inhibitory performance on the prepotent response inhibition test or proactive interference test. ASD-related impairments in inhibitory control were evident, however, on the flanker visual filtering task. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present findings indicate that ASD is associated with impairments in some, but not all, aspects of inhibitory control. Individuals with ASD appear to have difficulty ignoring distracting visual information, but prepotent response inhibition and resistance to proactive interference are relatively intact. The current findings also provide support for a multitype model of inhibitory control.
ANALISIS PERPUTARAN AKTIVA TETAP DAN PERPUTARAN PIUTANG KAITANNYA TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSETS PADA PT. POS INDONESIA (PERSERO) BANDUNG

This study aims to determine the velocity of fixed assets turnover and receiv-ables turnover at PT. POS INDONESIA (Persero) Bandung,also to know the profit-ability (return on assets) at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Bandung and to know how much the effect of fixed asset turnover and receivables turnover on profit-ability (return on assets) at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Bandung. The method used is descriptive analysis method with quantitative approach, which the result of research is then processed and analyzed for the conclusions drawn. From the test results can be seen that there is a strong relationship between the velocity of fixed assets and accounts receivable with the velocity of profit-ability (return on assets), which means that the independent variables are simul-taneously able to explain the changes in profitability by 39% and the remaining 61% is influenced by another factor that is not observed. While the partial rota-tion of fixed assets turnover 29.9% effect on profitability and receivables turn-over only have 0.1% effect on profitability. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the fixed asset turn-over and receivables turnover at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Bandung every year has a change up and down. Profitability (return on assets) at PT. Pos Indo-nesia (Persero) Bandung tended to rise although the average is still in negative circumstances. The suggestion that the authors give is the company should al-ways strive to continue to increase its profits each year. Increased profits can be one of the ways the company makes the program cost savings.
Replication of Rabies Virus in Organized Cultures of Mammalian Neural Tissues

Organized cultures of dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord ganglion from rat and mouse were used as a model to study the pathogenesis of rabies infection in neural tissue. Two strains of fixed virus and one of street virus were used. Virus replication was similar to that detected in other rabies virus host cell systems, although virus yields remained in relatively low titer. Sequential observations of individual neurons in organized cultures revealed that cytopathic effects usually became evident at 3 days and progressed from cytoplasmic granulation to complete neuronolysis. It was shown by electron microscopy that a small percentage of the inclusion bodies, which appeared in the neurons as well as glial cells, were associated with virus assembly. These findings were similar, regardless of strain of virus employed. Previous experiments done in vivo have shown differences in the type of cytopathic effect produced by street virus and by fixed virus. It is thought that the combination of host cell system and strain of virus is important in determining the course of infection.
Collectivism and Employees' Innovative Behavior: The Mediating Role of Team Identification and the Moderating Role of Leader‐Member Exchange

Based on the social identity theory and leader&#8208;member exchange (LMX) literature, the present study examined the underlying relationship between employees' collectivism and their innovative behavior. Specifically, we explored the mediating role of team identification and the moderating role of LMX in the above relationship. Results from a survey of 457 employees in 30 organizations indicate that employees' team identification partially mediates the relationship between their collectivism and innovative behavior, and that this mediating relationship has conditional effects on the moderator variable LMX. The findings contribute to the literature by clarifying how (through team identification) and when (based on LMX) employees' collectivism is related positively to their innovative behavior.
Retroperitoneal Abscesses

Objective: To analyze our experience with the management of retroperitoneal abscesses. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was made of 66 patients with retroperitoneal abscesses treated at our hospital from January 1975 to July 2001 for the purpose of analyzing the diagnosis and treatment of these rare infections. In each case, we analyzed patient characteristics, abscess location and origin, predisposing factors, clinical presentation, microbiology, radiographic findings, treatment, and outcome. Results: In our series, the most frequent type of abscess was perinephric (45.4%), and the most frequent origin was the kidney (72.7%), generally renal lithiasis or previous urological surgery. Gram-negative bacilli were the microorganisms most often involved as causal agents of abscesses. CT had the best diagnostic performance (95%). Percutaneous drainage resolved the abscess in 86.3% of the patients in which it was used, compared with 87.5% for traditional surgical drainage. In 4 cases, the only treatment was administration of antibiotics. In all these cases the abscesses were smaller than 3 r cm and patients were in good general condition. The mortality rate was excellent (1.5%), probably due to the low rate of comorbidity in our patients. Conclusions: Gram-negative bacilli were the most frequent microorganisms in our retroperitoneal abscesses. CT was the imaging technique that produced the most reliable and rapid diagnosis. Radiographically-guided percutaneous drainage was a safe and effective therapeutic alternative when used as definitive treatment or preoperatively.
Credit Supply and Rice Output in Nigeria: Empirical Insight from Vector Error Correction Model Approach

This study investigated the effect of credit supply on rice output in Nigeria within the periods 1981 to 2016 by employing the VECM approach. Findings from the research revealed that a rise in credit supply would lead to increase in rice output. In addition, the study indicated that a shock in investment, and labour would cause decline in rice output while a shock in money supply and inflation rate would cause rice output to rise in the country. Based on the result of the study, it is recommended that government in partnership with deposit money banks should create a scheme that will provide an interest free loan to farmers that are involved in rice production. Also, government should encourage rice farmers by supplying them farm inputs (which includes the provision of high yielding varieties, fertilizers, land, irrigation) at a subsidizes rate.
Cancer of the nasopharynx in childhood

Between 1964 and 1983, 54,304 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients were diagnosed at the Tumor Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. Of the total, 53 (0.1%) cases were younger than 14 years of age, and of these, none were Stage I, four (8%) were Stage II, 36 (68%) were Stage III, and 12 (23%) were Stage IV. Among all cases, 26% had initial symptoms characterized by lesions of the nasopharynx and the majority by cervical mass. Among the children, symptoms involving the cranial nerve were rarely observed. There were significant differences between adults and children on histopathology other than the ratio of carcinoma to sarcoma (4:1 for children; 443:1 for adults). Among the poorly differentiated carcinoma cases, vesicular nucleus carcinoma was observed more frequently in children than adults. The prognosis for children with NPC is poor with a 5‐year survival rate of 21% in this series. If NPC is diagnosed early and radiotherapy begun promptly (with doses greater than 5000 cGy), the prognosis may be improved.
Small Side Games and Level of Confidence

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of small side games on the level of confidence and performance of playing football. The sample in this research is twenty-four football athletes who joined in team of Persib Bandung group age 19 years. The method used experiments with the Pretest-Posttest Control Group design. Data analysis using SPSS version 23 with hypothesis testing through paired sample t-test. The results of the analysis and data calculations revealed that the Small Side Games had an effect on the level of
Medical Students' and Residents' Clinical and Educational Experiences With Defensive Medicine

Purpose To assess medical students' and residents' experiences with defensive medicine, which is any deviation from sound medical practice due to a perceived threat of liability through either assurance or avoidance behaviors. Assurance behaviors include providing additional services of minimal clinical value. Avoidance behaviors include withholding services that are, or avoiding patients who are, perceived as high risk. Method The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey of fourth-year medical students and third-year residents in 2010. Respondents rated how often malpractice liability concerns caused their teams to engage in four types of assurance and two types of avoidance behaviors using a four-point scale (never, rarely, sometimes, often). Respondents also rated how often their attending physicians explicitly recommended that liability concerns be taken into account when making clinical decisions. Results Overall, 126 of 194 medical students (65%) and 76 of 141 residents (54%) completed the survey. Of the responding medical students, 116 (92%) reported sometimes or often encountering at least one assurance practice, and 43 (34%) reported encountering at least one avoidance practice. Of the responding residents, 73 (96%) reported encountering at least one assurance practice, and 33 (43%) reported encountering at least one avoidance practice. Overall, 50 of 121 medical students (41%) and 36 of 68 residents (53%) reported that their attending physicians sometimes or often explicitly taught them to take liability into account when making clinical decisions. Conclusions Medical trainees reported frequently encountering defensive medicine practices and often being taught to take malpractice liability into consideration during clinical decision making.
Perioperative lidocaine infusion reduces the incidence of post-mastectomy chronic pain: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial.

BACKGROUND Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is a not uncommon complication after mastectomy, with a reported incidence between 20% and 68%. Careful dissection, the use of minimally invasive surgical techniques, and attempts to reduce the associated inflammatory and hyperalgesic responses are suggested methods to prevent CPSP. OBJECTIVE To determine if the use of perioperative lidocaine infusion is associated with decreased incidence of CPSP after mastectomy. STUDY DESIGN Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of data from 61 out of 71 patients who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer. Patients were randomized to either placebo (Group P; n = 27) or intravenous lidocaine (Group L; n = 34, bolus 1.5 mg/kg at induction, then infusion at 2 mg/kg/hr, up to 2 hours after the end of surgery) in a prospective double-blind design. CPSP was assessed at 6 months after surgery. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of lidocaine. RESULTS Overall 12 (20%) patients developed CPSP, 8 (30%) in the placebo group and 4 (12%) in the lidocaine group. Predictive factors for CPSP that remained significant after multivariate analysis included lidocaine (associated with a 20-fold decrease in CPSP, P = 0.013), breast implant placement (associated with a 16-fold increase in CPSP, P = 0.034), and radiotherapy (associated with a 29-fold increase in CPSP, P = 0.008). LIMITATIONS Small sample size. CONCLUSION Perioperative lidocaine administration was associated with a decreased incidence of CPSP, while breast implant placement and radiotherapy were associated with an increased incidence. These findings suggest a protective effect of lidocaine on CPSP development in mastectomy patients.
Constructing Long-Only Multifactor Strategies: Portfolio Blending vs. Signal Blending

Long-only multifactor strategies may be constructed by combining individual-factor portfolios (portfolio blending) or by combining individual-factor signals into a composite signal to construct the portfolio (signal blending). To compare these two approaches, we present a framework for building exposure-matched portfolios. In empirical tests on global equity markets, we find that, generally, portfolio blending generates higher information ratios for low-to-moderate levels of tracking error. At high levels of tracking error, signal blending delivers better risk-adjusted performance. These results generally hold for various factor combinations, and they have important practical implications for investors considering the implementation of multifactor smart-beta strategies. A practitioner's perspective on this article is provided in the In Practice piece "Comparing Portfolio Blending and Signal Blending when Constructing Multifactor Portfolios" by Keyur Patel, online 23 July 2018. Disclosure: The authors work at Goldman Sachs Asset Management, which offers strategies that use both the portfolio-blending and signal-blending approaches to factor investing. Additional disclosures can be found at the end of this article. Editor’s Note Submitted 30 March 2017 Accepted 16 March 2018 by Stephen J. Brown This article was externally reviewed using our double-blind peer-review process. When the article was accepted for publication, the authors thanked the reviewers in the acknowledgments. Markus Leippold was one of the reviewers for this article. Disclosure: The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors. The backtests and analysis described are provided for educational purposes in reliance on past market data with the benefit of hindsight and do not reflect actual results. If any assumptions used do not prove to be true, results may vary substantially. Our research does not take into account specific investment objectives or investor guidelines or restrictions. Investors must also consider suitability, liquidity needs, and investment objectives when determining appropriate asset allocation.
The nature and extent of the relationship between performance measures and short-termism

This thesis researches the nature and extent of the relationship between performance measures and short-termism. It is empirically based, with the relationship being investigated by way of a critical realist informed case study of a multinational retail organisation. To unpack the relationship and drill down further into the issues involved, the research addresses four questions: How do managers understand the short, medium, and long term? How do inter-temporal decisions manifest? What is the nature of the relationship between performance measures and short-termism? What is the extent of the relationship between performance measures and short-termism? Utilising a combination of semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and company documents, the thesis argues that the concepts of short, medium, and long term are empirically messy due to heterogenous meanings. By linking managers’ views about their time horizons to their involvement in different inter-temporal decisions, the thesis proposes that any future definition of short-termism should not just emphasise the inter-temporal trade-off involved in actions, but also the intention that underpins those actions. The thesis reshapes the financial/non-financial dichotomy to illustrate that quantitative (financial and non-financial) measures can lead to short-termism. Nevertheless, between-person differences in inter-temporal responses to how performance measurement information is used to evaluate and reward managers complicates this relationship. Thus, over the course of this thesis, a contingency-based framework is developed; the framework provides individual-level explanations about when, how, and why short-termism occurs. The thesis contributes to the behavioural accounting literature, particularly the empirical literature, which examines the behavioural effects of financial measures by advancing the conceptualisation of short-termism, and provides a nuanced understanding of how short-termism manifests. It also contributes to this literature by synthesising the conceptual landscape in order to build an integrated framework of the nature and extent of the relationship between performance measures and short-termism.
Detection of the BRAF V600E Mutation in Colon Carcinoma: Critical Evaluation of the Imunohistochemical Approach

Recently BRAF V600E mutant–specific antibody (clone VE1) became available to immunohistochemically pinpoint the occurrence of these BRAF-mutant proteins in different tumors, such as colon carcinoma. Detection of BRAF mutations is important for the accurate application of targeted therapy against BRAF serine-threonine kinase activation. In this study, we evaluated 113 colon carcinomas including 95 primary and 27 metastatic tumors with the VE1 antibody using Leica Bond-Max automated immunohistochemistry. To ensure comprehensive BRAF V600E mutation detection, all cases were evaluated using 4 molecular methods (Sanger sequencing, the Cobas 4800 BRAF V600 Mutation Test, BRAF V600 allele–specific polymerase chain reaction, and BRAF V600 quantitative polymerase chain reaction) with nearly 100% concordance. Molecular and immunohistochemical studies were blinded. Furthermore, all cases were evaluated for KRAS and NRAS mutations as parameters mutually exclusive with BRAF mutations offering parallel evidence for BRAF mutation status. Strong to moderate VE1 positivity was seen in 34 tumors. Twelve colon carcinomas showed weak VE1 immunohistochemical staining, and 67 were entirely negative. An identical c.1799T>A single nucleotide substitution leading to the BRAF V600E mutation was identified in 27 of 113 (24%) colon carcinomas. A majority of BRAF-mutant tumors were located in the right side of the colon and had mismatch-repair deficiency. V600E mutation–negative carcinomas were more often sigmoid tumors and usually showed intact mismatch-repair proteins and KRAS or NRAS mutations. The sensitivity and specificity of positive results (strong to moderate staining) of VE1 immunohistochemistry were 85% and 68%, respectively. If any positivity would be considered, then the specificity declined to 51% with no significant improvement of sensitivity. Therefore, only strong positivity should be considered when using the VE1 antibody and Leica Bond-Max automated immunohistochemistry with these parameters. Although VE1 antibody can be useful in the screening of colon carcinomas for BRAF V600E-mutant proteins, molecular genetic confirmation is always necessary for mutation diagnosis.
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) versus laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia correction.

BACKGROUND Hyperopia, or hypermetropia (also known as long-sightedness or far-sightedness), is the condition where the unaccommodating eye brings parallel light to a focus behind the retina instead of on it. Hyperopia can be corrected with both non-surgical and surgical methods, among them photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser assisted In situ keratomileusis (LASIK). There is uncertainty as to whether hyperopic-PRK or hyperopic-LASIK is the better method. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this review were to determine whether PRK or LASIK leads to more reliable, stable and safe results when correcting a hyperopic refractive error. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 2), MEDLINE (January 1950 to February 2012), EMBASE (January 1980 to February 2012), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) (January 1982 to February 2012), the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials.com), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). There were no date or language restrictions in the electronic searches for trials. The electronic databases were last searched on 17 February 2012. When trials are included in the review we will search the reference lists of the studies included in the review for information about further trials. We will use the Science Citation Index to search for papers that cite any studies included in this review. We did not handsearch journals or conference proceedings specifically for this review. SELECTION CRITERIA We planned to include only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PRK against LASIK for correction of hyperopia and then perform a sensitivity analysis of pre- and post-millennial trials since this is the mid-point in the history of both PRK and LASIK. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We did not identify any studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review. MAIN RESULTS As no studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, we discussed the results of non-randomised trials comparing hyperopic-PRK with hyperopic-LASIK. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS No robust, reliable conclusions could be reached, but the non-randomised trials reviewed appear to be in agreement that hyperopic-PRK and hyperopic-LASIK are of comparable efficacy. High quality, well-planned open RCTs are needed in order to obtain a robust clinical evidence base.