Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Level of Awareness about Transplantation, Brain Death and Cadaveric Organ Donation in Hospital Staff in India

Progress in Transplantation, Vol 12, No. 4, December 2002 Awareness about cadaveric organ donation and transplantation is significantly lacking in India. Although facilities are available to perform transplantation of organs, not much headway has been made in this area because of superstitions and lack of awareness. To increase the number of donors, it is necessary to introduce measures to improve the opinions of the general public and healthcare personnel. Increasing the awareness about organ donation could be focused at 2 levels, among hospital staff and in the community. Nurses’ attitudes and behavior regard ing cadaveric organ donation have positively correlated with their knowledge on this subject. There fore, this study was conducted to quantify the level of aware ness among hospital staff, so that appropriate inter ventions may be designed to increase their knowledge in deficient areas. Additional reasons for this study included the following: • Previous studies had mainly focused on nurses, whereas this study focused on paramedical (nurses, tech nologists, medical physicists) and nonmedical (administrative, clerical, engineering, social scientists, miscellaneous) staff, because unless the hospital staff ac cepts and approves of organ donation, it is not possible to perform cadaveric transplantation on a regular basis. • In India, one of the ways in which information about cadaveric organ donation is disseminated in society is by the interaction with hospital staff. • Once the patient is declared brain dead and the family is approached for consent to organ donation, the relatives often seek the opinions of known and famil iar hospital staff. If the staff is unaware of these is sues, they may inadvertently discourage the relatives. • No research has been reported from India about the specific components of transplantation, brain death, and organ donation.
Interventions to promote well-being at work

This chapter describes a variety of interventions that can be used by occupational health psychologists in their attempts to improve the health of employees and organizations. There is a wide variety of interventions available, many of which are based on strong theories that explain the links between work and well-being. Interventions can be classified according to their objectives into primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions. Examples of each type of intervention are presented in order to give the reader a flavour of intervention practices within organizational settings. This chapter also contains a critical analysis of intervention effectiveness including a detailed discussion of research design, evaluation criteria, and the practical challenges of evaluation research. Both process evaluation and effect evaluation are examined in detail. In closing the chapter the conclusions that can be drawn about intervention effectiveness, and the priorities for the future in research and practice, are presented.
Treatment Goals during Care of Adult Donors That Can Influence Outcomes of Heart Transplantation

Myocardial Changes in Potential Donors Direct or indirect injury of the heart may occur before admission or during the progression of brain death. The conditions discussed next may cause a temConsensus conferences and expert opinion have provided criteria for deciding whether to accept donor hearts for transplantation. Factors from the donor’s remote or recent medical history (Table 1) are critical to this decision, although some factors are being reconsidered as efforts to expand the number of potential donors continue. Many characteristics cannot be modified by organ procurement coordinators; however, other factors can be improved during donor care, potentially restoring the heart to an acceptable status for donation. In addition, improving myocardial performance is likely to benefit other organs or tissues that depend on cardiac output and oxygen delivery. This article highlights 3 areas: 1. Events or injuries that might adversely affect the heart, but may spontaneously improve or respond to therapy during patient or donor care, 2. Assessment methods, criteria for determining acceptability of a heart for donation, and other factors amenable to treatment throughout donor care, and 3. Measurable hemodynamic criteria that can be related to outcomes of transplantation.
First analysis of EORTC trial 26951, a randomized phase III study of adjuvant PCV chemotherapy in patients with highly anaplastic oligodendroglioma

1503 Background. Anaplastic oligodendroglioma are sensitive to chemotherapy. EORTC 26951 was initiated to investigate whether the addition of 6 cycles PCV chemotherapy after radiotherapy (RT) improves overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Methods. Eligibility criteria: histologically confirmed newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AOD) or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA) with ≥ 25% oligodendral elements; age between 18–70 years; ECOG Performance Status (PS) 0–2; written informed consent. After stratification for age, institution, extent of resection, ECOG PS, and prior surgery for a low grade oligodendroglioma patients were randomized to either 33 x 1.8 Gy radiotherapy (control arm) or to the same radiotherapy followed by 6 cycles of standard PCV chemotherapy (PCV arm). Primary endpoint was overall survival, with PFS as a secondary endpoint. Results. 368 patients were randomised, 185 to the PCV arm and 183 patients to the control arm. Median follow-up is 4.1 years, 204 patien.
An Evaluation of the Reproducibility of Landmark Identification Using Scanned Cephalometric Images

The analysis of cephalometric lateral skull X-rays is critically dependent on the accurate location of carefully defined anatomical and constructed landmarks. Errors in landmark identification, both systematic and random, are a significant source of error (Baumrind and Frantz, 1971a,b; Midtgård et al., 1974; Cohen, 1984; Houston et al., 1986), so that the methodology used to identify and record landmarks must be meticulous. Three techniques are commonly used to identify and record landmarks in cephalometric studies.These are:
Leading twin in breech presentation, is routine caesarean section necessary?

Background: Multiple gestations and Caesarean delivery are both showing a rising trend worldwide. One major cause for Caesarean section in twin gestations is leading twin in breech presentation. This study is to find out whether vaginal delivery is an option in such cases. Methods: Out of 66 twin deliveries, 27 cases were studied with one twin in breech presentation after excluding the previous LSCS cases. Maternal parameter studied was section rates in primi and multi gravida respectively. Neonatal parameters studied were birth weight and Apgar scores of breech twins and after weight wise distribution of babies into 4 groups the morbidity of those born vaginally were compared to those delivered by Caesarean section. Results: Twin deliveries constituted 2.7 % of total deliveries in one year and combinations of breech with 2nd foetus in breech, cephalic and transverse presentations were 16.8, 9 and 3% respectively. Out of 19 first breech twins, 11 were in primigravida who underwent LSCS and 5 in multigravida of which 60 % underwent LSCS. So 40.6% of primary LSCS were due to first twin in breech. Out of 19 2nd breech twins, 6 delivered vaginally. Irrespective of mode of delivery, morbidity was influenced by birth weight, where babies 2.5kg required NICU care in 100, 64, 20 and 0 % cases in the LSCS group compared to 100, 66.7,0 and0% cases in the vaginal delivery group. Conclusions: Vaginal delivery can be considered as an option for first twin breech specially in multigravida.
Frequency of Side Effects of Methadone Maintenance Therapy in Patients Referred to Fasa Doctor Shariati Hospital

Background & Objective: Drug abuse causes severe gastrointestinal, neurological problems and dependency. For maintenance therapy of opiate addiction, long-acting opioids like methadone are used. Since incorrect use of methadone, leads to serious complications, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of methadone. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was done with a sample size of 151 patients in addiction treatment centers Fasa Shariati Hospital, during 6 months. After reviewing the cases of patients who were taking methadone for drug rehabilitation and completed their demographic information, check list of questions about the different effects of methadone was completed for each patient. The data was statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results: The average age of participants in the scheme was 31.71. The results showed that the most common side effects of methadone, is gastrointestinal complications (77.5 percent). In addition, between the effects and duration of methadone there is a significant relationship. However, other effects were not associated with duration of use. Conclusion: According to the results, the need for continuous follow-up of patients undergoing methadone treatment for drug complications and such findings can even be transferred to the relevant authorities, in order to add assessment side effects of treatment is necessary in the case of defined. The patients’ need to medication may cause endurance of bothersome symptoms. While it can affect their quality of life.
PAP Modulations in Daudi Cells and Molt-3 Cells Treated with Etoposide are Mutually Associated with Morphological Evidence of Apoptosis

Daudi (B-cell line) and Molt-3 (T-cell line) cells provide a model for the study of apoptosis, the induction of which is often accompanied by concominant modulations of proteins involved in mRNA maturation. One of these proteins is poly(A) polymerase (PAP), which is responsible for mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation. A number of recent reports also suggest involvement of mRNA maturation and stability in the induction of specific pathways of cell apoptosis. In this study we identified PAP activity levels and isoform modulations in two different cell lines (Daudi and Molt-3) and related them to DNA fragmentation (a hallmark of apoptosis) and cell cycle phase specificity in terms of the temporal sequence of events and the time that elapsed between administration of the apoptosis inducer (the widely used anticancer drug etoposide) and the observed effects. Treatment of both cell lines with 20 μg/mL etoposide induced apoptosis after four hours in Molt-3 cells and only after 24 hours in Daudi cells, as revealed by two independent methods. In Daudi cells the PAP activity levels and isoforms were downregulated prior to ΔΨm reduction, DNA fragmentation and the morphological changes of the nucleus, whereas in Molt-3 cells no PAP activity and isoform modulations were observed prior to the early hallmarks of apoptosis.
Validating Bioluminescence Imaging as a High-Throughput, Quantitative Modality for Assessing Tumor Burden

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a highly sensitive tool for visualizing tumors, neoplastic development, metastatic spread, and response to therapy. Although BLI has engendered much excitement due to its apparent simplicity and ease of implementation, few rigorous studies have been presented to validate the measurements. Here, we characterize the nature of bioluminescence output from mice bearing subcutaneous luciferase-expressing tumors over a 4-week period. Following intraperitoneal or direct intratumoral administration of luciferin substrate, there was a highly dynamic kinetic profile of light emission. Although bioluminescence was subject to variability, strong correlations (r > .8, p < .001) between caliper measured tumor volumes and peak light signal, area under light signal curve and light emission at specific time points were determined. Moreover, the profile of tumor growth, as monitored with bioluminescence, closely resembled that for caliper measurements. The study shows that despite the dynamic and variable nature of bioluminescence, where appropriate experimental precautions are taken, single time point BLI may be useful for noninvasive, high-throughput, quantitative assessment of tumor burden.
Predictors of Organ Donation Behavior among Hispanic Americans

neys—among the Hispanic American population. Of nearly 30 million Hispanic Americans, 1.2 million have been diagnosed with diabetes—the leading cause of kidney failure (nephropathy) in the United States. Hispanic Americans also have a higher incidence of diabetes complications, such as eye and kidney disease, than non–Hispanic whites, which is especially common given that 25% to 30% of Hispanics over 50 years of age have diabetes. In addition, when compared to the general population, Hispanic Americans also have higher rates of obesity, non–insulin-dependent diabetes, and end-stage kidney disease. Over the past decade, Hispanic Americans have been added to the organ transplant waiting list in increasing numbers. While the number of non-Hispanics waiting for organs increased 146% from 1993 to 2002, there was a 260% increase in the number of Hispanic Americans in need of a suitable donor. Unfortunately, although the need for organs is greater among Hispanic Americans than non–Hispanic whites, Hispanic Americans—a group that will constitute one third of the American population by the turn of the century—are 60% less likely to donate their organs. Research conducted via record reviews of minority patients in Los Angeles, Miami, and New York reveals that refusal rates among Hispanic Americans are much higher than those for non–Hispanic whites. Because of the traditional consideration that the likelihood of achieving an acceptable match is greater when the donor and the patient are of the same ethnicity, increasing donors within the Hispanic community is a necessity.
Hepatic Iron Content and the Risk of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia in Liver Transplant Recipients

Iron is a critical nutrient source and contributes to staphylococcal pathogenesis. We assessed the role of hepatic explant iron overload as a risk factor for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in liver transplant recipients. Seven of 13 cases with S aureus bacteremia (53.8%) had hepatic explant iron concentrations that exceeded normal limits (grade ≥ 2). Length of posttransplant intensive care unit stay (P = .013) and hepatocellular carcinoma as underlying liver disease (P = .04), but not hepatic explant iron concentration, correlated with a higher risk of S aureus bacteremia after transplantation. However, noncarriers (patients without S aureus nasal carriage) who developed S aureus bacteremia were more likely to have high hepatic iron content; 4 of 7 (57%) noncarriers with high-grade iron content developed S aureus bacteremia but no noncarriers with low-grade iron content did (P = .07). All noncarriers who became infected had high iron content (grade ≥ 2) of the hepatic explant. A readily quantifiable assessment of hepatic iron at the time of transplantation can potentially identify patients without carriage who may be at risk for early S aureus bacteremia.
Clinical characteristics of the diabetic patients managed at the different medical institutions in Seoul and Gyeonggi province

목적: 다양한 의료기관에 의한 관리에도 불구하고 많은 당뇨병 환자들이 적절히 치료받지 못하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 저자들은 우리나라 당뇨병 환자들의 혈당조절 정도, 치료방법, 고혈압 및 고지혈증의 빈도와 관리실태 등을 파악하여 앞으로 우리나라의 의료기관별 당뇨관리 지침 개발을 위한 기초자료로 이용하고자 하였다. 방법: 2000년 12월부터 2001년 2월까지 3개월 동안1 차 의료기관 7곳, 2차 의료기관 3곳, 3차 의료기관은 2곳에서 각각 조사를 실시하였다. 모든 정보는 환자의무기록, 면담, 검사실 소견을 바탕으로 기록되었고 설문조사는 1. 인구통계학적 정보(성별, 연령, 체중, 신장, 당뇨병 이환기간), 2. 생화학검사(당화혈색소, 공복혈당, 식후 2시간 혈당, 혈청지질농도), 3. 병용약제(당뇨병치료제, 항고혈압제, 항고지혈증제 및 기타 병용약제)를 포함하였다. 모든 조사가 완성된 사람은 각각 1차 의료기관 321명, 2차 의료기관 343명, 3차 의료기관 1,830명이었다. 결과: 각 의료기관별로 연령이나 성별 분포는 차이 가 없었다. 이환기간은 3차 의료기관에 다니는 환자들이 9.7±7. 3년으로 1, 2차 의료기관에 다니는 환자들보다 더 길었고(각각 6.6±4.5, 6.2±5.2년), 체질량지수는 2, 3차 기관의 환자가 각각 24.5±3.0, 24.1±3.1 kg/m2으로 1차 의료기관의 환자(25.2±2.7)보다 더 낮았으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 공복혈당의 경우 2차 의료기관의 환자들이, 식후 2시간 혈당은 1차 의료기관에 다니는 환자들이 가장 높았다(각각 p 0.01, p>0.01). 전체 조사환자 중 고혈압은 각각 1차 의료기관 49.5%, 2차 58.1%, 3차 43.8%에서 동반되었으며(p<0.001), 항고혈압제를 복용하는 환자들 중 혈압조절의 목표인 130/85 mmHg 미만으로 조절되는 환자는 1차 의료기관 33.3%, 2차 의료기관 22.7%, 3차 43.2%이었다(p=0.003). 총 콜레스테롤이 200 mg/dL 이상이거나 항고지혈증제를 복용 중인 환자는 1차 의료기관 60.1%, 2차 54.6%, 3차 41.6%이었고(p<0.001), 항고지혈증제를 복용 중인 환자 중 총 콜레스테롤이 200 mg/dL 미만인 환자는 1차 의료기관 17.0%, 2차 20.9%, 3차 56.5%이었다. LDL-C이 100 mg/dL으로 유지되는 환자는 1차 의료기관 16.9%, 2차 29.9%, 35.7%이며(p<0.001), HbA1c가 7% 미만으로 유지되는 환자는 1차 의료기관 17.5%, 2차 28.9%, 3차 30.9%에 불과하였다. 관상동맥 질환의 경우 세 의료기관별 차이를 보이지 않았으며(p=0.70), 2차 의료기관에서 뇌혈관 질환의 빈도가 높았다(7.6%, p<0.001). 당뇨병성 말초신경병증은 2, 1, 3 의료기관순으로 빈도가 증가하였으며, 당뇨병성 비증식성 망막병증은 상위 의료기관으로 갈수록 증가하였고(p<0.001), 증식성 망막병증은 3차 의료기관에서만 관찰되었다. 결론: 각 의료기관에 대한 제한된 자료임에도 불구하고, 의료기관별로 관찰한 우리나라 당뇨병 환자의 혈당, 혈압 그리고 고지혈증 조절 실태는 전반적으로 불량하였다. 당뇨병 환자에 대한 효율적인 관리를 위해 의료기관별 표준 관리지침과 의사 교육 프로그램 개발 등 좀 더 많은 노력이 필요할 것으로 보인다.
Preventive Behaviors of Female Elementary Students in regard to Pediculosis Infestation based on Health Belief Model (HBM)

Background: Pediculosis is considered as one of the most common parasitic infections among the students worldwide. Head lice infestation is observed in all parts of the world including Iran, especially in areas with high population density associated with poverty and poor personal hygiene. This study aimed to investigate the preventive behaviors in regard to pediculosis infestation based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 179 female 5th grade elementary school students in Gonabad, selected by cluster sampling. Data collection was done through a researcher-made questionnaire, which its validity and reliability had been confirmed. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and analytic tests including multiple linear regression. Results: Mean age of students was 11.24 ± 0.6 years. Mean score of perceived barriers was 15.80 ± 3.30 and mean self-efficacy score was 16.63 ± 2.76 that were higher compared to other items. Preventive behavior showed significant correlation with perceived barriers and self-efficacy. Moreover, hair combing and perceived barriers were determined as final behavior predicting variables. Conclusion: It seems that providing necessary trainings with an emphasis on perceived barriers and self-efficacy improves students’ performance in regard to preventing pediculosis infestation. Keywords: Pediculosis, Health Belief Model, Prevention, Behavior, Student
The Influence of Advanced Preparation Program Transition Experiences on Students of Color

This study looks at the impacts of the Advanced Preparation Program (APP) experiences on students of color at St. Cloud State University. Both Astin’s (1993) InputEnvironment-Output (I-E-O) model and Schlossberg’s Theory (1981) were utilized to determine and understand what impact various environmental experiences had on student outcomes. Through the application of qualitative research methodologies, interviews were conducted to find recurring themes within the shared experiences. Six emerging themes were utilized to share the experiences of each student, pointing specifically to environmental experiences which impacted their ability to sustain academically. The themes reflected the importance of engagement during the transition process in order to gain a lasting and valuable impression from their experience. The findings from this study indicated that the majority of the participants were positively impacted by their experience in APP, which allowed them to experience continued academic success through their sophomore year. Astin’s (1993) I-E-O model highlights the connection between each area and points to the importance of the connections made in order to reach the final outcome.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and c-erbB-2 Contents in Unresectable (UICC R1 or R2) Gastric Cancer

Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-erbB-2 are membrane receptors expressed in a variety of solid human cancers and directly correlated with poor prognosis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the EGFR and c-erbB-2 levels in non-resectable gastric carcinomas, their possible relationship with a variety of clinicopathological tumor parameters, and their prognostic significance. Methods This was a prospective analysis of 65 patients with unresectable gastric carcinomas (UICC R1 or R2), who underwent palliative surgery and were followed up for a median period of 13 months. Membranous EGFR levels were examined by radioligand binding assays and cytosolic c-erbB-2 levels by means of an immunoenzymatic assay. Results There was a wide variability in EGFR (80.3-2910 fmol/mg of protein) and c-erbB-2 (0.4-10071 NHU/mg of protein) levels in neoplastic tissues from patients with unresectable gastric carcinomas. Median c-erbB2 was significantly higher in tumors of the intestinal type than in tumors of the diffuse type (p=0.035) and in R2 than in R1 tumors (p=0.016). Statistical analysis showed that there was no relationship between tumor c-erbB-2 or EGFR content and any other patient or tumor characteristics. However, high levels of EGFR were significantly associated with a shorter overall survival (p=0.01). Conclusion Our data suggest a role of both transmembrane proteins in the progression of gastric cancer. EGFR and c-erbB-2 contents in unresectable gastric cancer could be utilized as appropriate biological markers for selecting candidates for treatment based on EGFR and/or c-erbB-2 inhibition.
Osteoprotegerin and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand (RANKL) in the Serum of Healthy Adults

Aims Osteoprotegerin and the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) are decisive factors for maintaining the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. As new, sensitive ELISAs have been developed recently, reference serum ranges should be established to use these analytes for possible diagnostic purposes. Methods Measurements were performed in serum samples of 142 healthy adults (82 women, 60 men) between 20 and 70 years of age (mean age: 46 years) using ELISA kits from Immundiagnostik, Bensheim, Germany. Results Serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin were age and gender independent and showed a Gaussian distribution, while RANKL concentrations were also age independent but differed between males and females, with a non-Gaussian distribution. For osteoprotegerin a gender-independent upper 97.5 percentile limit of 3.6 pmol/L was calculated while the corresponding limits for RANKL and the ratio of RANKL to osteoprotegerin amounted to 3.29 pmol/L and 2.78 in women and 1.66 pmol/L and 2.18 in men, respectively. Conclusions Both osteoprotegerin and RANKL were quantifiable in serum of healthy adults, which means that these compounds can be used as potential diagnostic tools.