Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Expression and clinical significance of kidney injury molecule-1 in renal epithelial neoplasms].

OBJECTIVE To study the expression and clinical significance of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in primary and metastatic renal epithelial neoplasms. METHODS A total of 136 cases of kidney neoplasms were retrospectively reviewed including 63 primary clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 22 papillary RCCs, 13 chromophobe RCCs, 7 oncocytomas, 7 RCCs associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions and 24 metastatic clear cell RCCs. Immunostaining for KIM-1 and kidney-specific-protein (Ksp)-cadherin were performed and the relationship to tumor stage and grade in clear cell RCCs was investigated. RESULTS Expression of KIM-1 was detected in 77.8% (49/63) of clear cell RCCs, 90.9% (20/22) of papillary RCCs, 1/13 of chromophobe RCCs, 7/7 of RCCs associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions and 87.5%(21/24) of the metastatic RCCs, but not detected in 7 cases of oncocytomas. A diffuse expression of KIM-1 was more frequently observed in Furhman nuclear grade III/IV clear cell RCCs (P = 0.010). Ksp-cadherin expression was mainly observed in chromophobe RCCs and oncocytomas. CONCLUSIONS KIM-1 is a specific biomarker for injuried kidney proximal tubules and the corresponding neoplasms, and has a high specificity and sensitivity for primary or metastatic clear cell RCCs, papillary RCCs and RCCs associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions. Combination of KIM-1 and Ksp-cadherin immunostaining can lead to a more precise histological classification of primary kidney epithelial neoplasms and improve the diagnostic accuracy of metastatic RCCs.
The psychometric properties of the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test: an item response theory (IRT) analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction: The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test (hereafter: Eyes Test) is considered an advanced task of the Theory of Mind aimed at assessing the performance of the participant in perspective-takingthat is, the ability to sense or understand other people’s cognitive and emotional states. In this study, the item response theory analysis was applied to the adult version of the Eyes Test. Methods: The Italian version of the Eyes Test was administered to 200 undergraduate students of both genders (males = 46%). Modified parallel analysis (MPA) was used to test unidimensionality. Marginal maximum likelihood estimation was used to fit the 1-, 2-, and 3-parameter logistic (PL) model to the data. Differential Item Functioning (DIF) due to gender was explored with five independent methods. Results: MPA provided evidence in favour of unidimensionality. The Rasch model (1-PL) was superior to the other two models in explaining participants’ responses to the Eyes Test. There was no robust evidence of gender-related DIF in the Eyes Test, although some differences may exist for some items as a reflection of real differences by group. Conclusions: The study results support a one-factor model of the Eyes Test. Performance on the Eyes Test is defined by the participant’s ability in perspective-taking. Researchers should cease using arbitrarily selected subscores in assessing the performance of participants to the Eyes Test. Lack of gender-related DIF favours the use of the Eyes Test in the investigation of gender differences concerning empathy and social cognition.
Reassessing Specimen Number and Diagnostic Yield of Ultrasound Guided Breast Core Biopsy

Abstract: To reassess the minimum number of specimens required for an accurate diagnosis compared to the standard acquisition of five specimens. A total of 190 consecutive breast mass biopsies were performed using a 14‐gauge core biopsy needle under ultrasound guidance. Two to six specimens were obtained from each mass and placed in sequential containers. Each specimen was evaluated by a pathologist in the order it was obtained and was labeled as “diagnostic’ or ‘non‐diagnostic’. During the biopsy procedure, the radiologist indicated after which number biopsy he was confident that an adequate diagnostic specimen had been obtained. This was based upon real‐time visualization of the needle passing through the lesion and whether the specimen sank or floated in formalin. These observations were compared with the pathologic diagnostic yield according to specimen number. Fifty‐eight lesions (30.5%) were malignant, four (2.1%) were atypical, and 128 (67.4%) were benign. Histologic diagnosis was obtained after the first specimen in 157 (82.6%) lesions, the second specimen in 172 (90.5%) lesions, the third specimen in 186 (97.9%) lesions, the fourth specimen in 188 (98.9%) lesions, and the fifth specimen in 190 (100%) lesions. A histologic diagnosis was made in 90% of the malignant lesions after the first biopsy pass, 95% after the second pass, 98% after the third pass, and 100% after the fourth and fifth passes. Nine (4.7%) lesions showed discrepancy between the radiologist’s confidence of diagnosis and pathologic diagnostic yield. Of these lesions, seven were benign and two were malignant. A diagnostic yield of 95% was obtained based on operator estimate of the minimum number of required core biopsies. A high diagnostic yield of 98% was achieved after three biopsy passes and 100% after five passes.
Increase by NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) of resistance to venous return in rats

1 The effects of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), on mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), cardiac output (CO) and resistance to venous return (Rv) were studied in rats.
Psychiatric comorbidity and the 16-month trajectory of substance-abusing and substance-dependent juvenile offenders.

OBJECTIVES To examine the concurrent correlates of internalizing and externalizing disorders among substance-abusing and substance-dependent juvenile offenders and to determine the association between psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial functioning of the youths 16 months later. METHOD Participants were 118 juvenile offenders meeting DSM-III-R criteria for substance abuse or dependence and their families. A multisource measurement battery was used to assess drug use, criminal activity, family relations, peer relations, school functioning, and out-of-home placements. RESULTS Comorbidity for externalizing disorders was associated with high rates of antisocial behavior and predicted worse 16-month outcomes than substance abuse alone or substance abuse with comorbid internalizing disorders. For criminal activity and drug use, the presence of internalizing disorders buffered the deleterious effect of externalizing disorders on substance-abusing and substance-dependent juvenile offenders. CONCLUSIONS Even in substance-abusing delinquents, a population already extreme in antisocial behavior, the presence of externalizing disorders indicates high risk for deterioration.
Rules Frequency Order Stemmer for Malay Language

Summary The importance of stemmer is obvious with the advent of effective information retrieval systems. Unfortunately, Malay stemming problems are difficult to solve due to complexity of words morphology. The Rules Application Order (RAO) stemmer is examined for enhancing performance to minimize the percentage of stemming errors. This paper presents a stemming approach called Rules Frequency Order (RFO). RFO rearranges the stemming rules according to the frequency of their usage from the previous execution. It shows that the approach provides a higher percentage of stemming correctness as compared to RAO stemming approach.
First-principles calculations of x-ray absorption near edge structure and energy loss near edge structure: present and future

Computational methods for theoretical x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) are classified into a few groups. Depending on the absorption (or excitation) edge, required accuracy and desired information, one needs to select the most suitable method. In this paper, after providing a map of available computational methods, some examples of first-principles calculations of XANES/ELNES for selected wide gap materials are given together with references. For ZnO, for example, experimental spectra at three edges, Zn K, L3, and O K, including their orientation dependence, are well reproduced by the supercell calculations with a core hole. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental spectra of ZnO alloys can also be seen. Theoretical fingerprints are satisfactorily obtained in this way. However, there are remaining issues beyond ‘good agreements’ which need to be solved in the future.
Economical Crime Control

This paper is the introductory chapter for the forthcoming NBER volume Controlling Crime: Strategies and Tradeoffs. The Great Recession has led to cuts in criminal justice expenditures, and the trend towards ever-higher incarceration rates that has been underway since the 1970s in the U.S. appears to have turned the corner. That raises the question of whether the crime drop can be sustained. State and local revenue shortfalls have engendered intense interest in cost-cutting measures that do not sacrifice public safety. We argue that there is some reason for optimism, simply because current criminal justice allocations and policies appear to be inefficient - more crime control could be accomplished with fewer resources. The crime problem is often framed as a debate between those who favor a "tough" punitive approach versus those who favor a "soft" approach that focuses on prevention or remediation programs. But the canonical economic model of crime from Becker (1968) suggests that the decision to commit crime involves a weighing of both benefits and costs, implying that both tough and soft approaches might be useful. It is ultimately an empirical question about how the marginal crime-control dollar may be most effectively deployed. The evidence presented in this edited volume suggests that a more efficient portfolio of crime-control strategies would involve greater attention to enhancing the certainty rather than the severity of punishment for criminal behavior, stimulating private-sector cooperation for controlling crime, and making strategic investments in the human capital of at-risk populations, including in particular efforts to improve the social-cognitive skills of justice-system-involved populations. To help illustrate the magnitude of the inefficiencies within the current system, the essay concludes with a thought experiment that considers how much additional crime-prevention could be obtained by reverting average sentence lengths back to 1984 levels (midway through the Reagan era) and redirecting the freed-up resources (on the order of $12 billion annually) to alternative uses.
Atypical Polypoid Adenomyoma of the Uterus. An Immunohistochemical Study of a Case

We studied one case of atypical polypoid adenomyoma of the uterus immunohistochemically using antisera against keratins, vimentin, S-100 protein, desmin and actin. The stromal cells were reactive with anti-actin and antidesmin antibodies suggesting a muscular phenotype and confirming previous ultrastructural data. Immunohistochemical investigations have proved to be useful in differential diagnosis of APA with invasive adenocarcinoma, adenosarcoma and adenofibroma of the endometrium.
Quantitation of Glycosylated Hemoglobin by Boronate Affinity Chromatography

Total hemoglobin glycosylation and the contribution of glycosylation at the N-terminus of the beta-chains and at “non”-beta-N-terminal positions were quantitated by use of boronate affinity and ion exchange chromatography. Glycohemoglobin (y) was found to correlate linearly (y = 1.92x + 0.53; r = 0.96) with HbA1c (x) and to contain approximately 50% beta-N-terminally glycosylated hemoglobin. This result is in agreement with the binding on boronate agarose of the various hemoglobin components resolved by cation exchange chromatography. An amount of glycohemoglobin similar to that of HbA1c was isolatable from HbA. A slope of less than 2 results because HbA1c is retained only to 93% and the intercept of the regression line reflects the partial adherence (65%) of HbA1a+b to the resin. These results confirm the occurrence of significant “non”-beta-N-terminal glycosylation and show that under optimal chromatographic conditions total glycohemoglobin can be determined with boronate affinity chromatography.
Egg performance, egg quality, and nutrient utilization in laying hens fed diets with different levels of rapeseed expeller cake

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of rapeseed expeller cake (RC) in the diet of laying hens on egg performance, egg quality, retention and excretion of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus, and metabolizability of energy. The experiment was carried out with 72 Bovans Brown hens, from 28 to 53 weeks of age. Experimental treatment consisted of four isonitrogenous and isocaloric corn-soybean diets (as calculated: 17% crude protein, 11.6 MJ/kg metabolizable energy, 0.81% lysine, 0.36% methionine, 3.60% calcium and 0.37% available phosphorus), containing 0, 4, 6 or 8% RC. The RC used was produced from double zero rapeseed and contained 29.3% crude protein, 17.4% crude fat, 10.8% crude fibre, 0.63% calcium, 0.97% phosphorus, 1.91% lysine and 0.84% methionine. During the experimental period, the dietary level of RC had no significant effects on egg performance and egg quality parameters. Boiled eggs from hens fed a diet with 8% RC were characterized by an inferior flavour to those from other groups. There were no treatment effects on nitrogen balance or metabolizability of energy, though the highest dietary level of RC negatively affected retention and excretion of calcium and phosphorus.
Population boundaries and genetic diversity in the endangered Mariana crow (Corvus kubaryi)

The Mariana crow (Corvus kubaryi) is an endangered species that is restricted to the islands of Guam and Rota in the Mariana archipelago. Predation by the introduced brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) has decimated bird populations on Guam, and the crow population there is the last wild remnant of the endemic forest avifauna. The population on Guam is critically endangered and, despite intensive management, the population has continued to decline. Additional management options include intermixing the Guam and Rota populations, but such options are best evaluated within a population genetics framework. We used three types of molecular markers to assay genetic variation in the Mariana crow: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, minisatellites and microsatellites. The two populations could be differentiated by mtDNA sequencing and they differed in allele frequencies at nuclear markers. Thus, the populations could be designated as evolutionarily significant units. However, the Guam population is genetically more diverse than the Rota population, and its survival probability if managed separately is very low. All markers did indicate that the two populations are closely related and separated by a shallow genealogical division. Intermixing the populations is justified by two rationales. First, the apparent population differences may result from recent human activities. Second, a greater amount of genetic information may be preserved by joint management. The translocation of birds from Rota to Guam has begun, but strategies that will ensure maintenance of the variation in the Guam population warrant further exploration.
The Incidence and Effects of Anaemia in a Young Industrial Population

A survey of haemoglobin levels in 619 young people working at a Scottish factory showed that anaemia was prevalent. Anaemia was found to exist in 37 per cent of all females and in 19 per cent of all males between the ages of 15 and 19 years, different standards being used to define anaemia in each sex. The incidence of anaemia varied significantly (P=0.01) between groups of young people in different occupations being 39.9 per cent in female factory workers, 14.0 per cent in female clerical workers, 32.0 per cent in young male factory workers and 8.7 per cent in male apprentices. The possible aetiology, particularly nutritional deficiency is discussed and the effect that anaemia may have on the industrial performance of the individual. The increased incidence of anaemia in semi-skilled workers suggested that social background may be an influencing factor in its occurance. Comparisons with older groups showed that improvement in the mean haemoglobin level occurs spontaneously in boys but that this improvement did not occur in females. The incidence of anaemia in females was not directly related to the number of years which had elapsed since menarche. The fact that routine haemoglobin examination of the young worker is seldom undertaken at present is pointed out and the importance of such examinations especially in the female is stressed.
Modeling electronic service acceptance of an e-securities trading system

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the technology acceptance model (TAM) in the context of internet securities trading. It examines the antecedents of perceived usefulness and explores the role of trust and attitude of securities investors toward usage. The behavioural intention of investors to use the internet securities trading service is influenced by perceived usefulness, attitude toward usage, and trust.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses survey research to explore the determinants in the e‐securities trading acceptance model.Findings – The findings show five antecedents have a positive impact on perceived usefulness. These are ease‐of‐use, information quality, accessibility, trust, and flow control of the securities trading process. Respondents identify the highest benefit as the flow control of the securities trading processes via the internet channel.Practical implications – The results suggest that investors prefer to have the freedom to control the details of the process.
Density-functional calculations for small iron clusters: Fen, Fen+, and Fen- for n <= 5.

The optimum geometries, electronic and magnetic structures, bond dissociation energies (BDE's), binding energies (${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{e}}$'s), ionization potentials (IP's), and electron affinities (EA's) of small iron clusters are studied by means of a . ul2 linear combination of Gaussian-type orbitals--local and/or nonlocal spin-density method. At the nonlocal level and with respect to nonspherical iron atoms the calculated ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{e}}$'s are 1.04, 1.41, 1.87, and 2.20 eV/atom for ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}$, and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{5}$, respectively. The calculated IP's are 8.16, 7.01, 6.34, 6.20, and 6.52 eV for Fe, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}$, and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{5}$, respectively, in reasonable agreement with their experimental counterparts of 7.9, 6.3, 6.4--6.5, 6.3--6.5, and 5.9--6.0 eV, and also are close to those obtained by means of ab initio techniques. The lowest-energy states are those with a maximum number of nearest-neighbor (short) bonds, and with high magnetic moments (3, 2.67, and 3 spins per atom for ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$, and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}$; in ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{5}$ the magnetization is unevenly distributed and ranges from 2.90 to 3.31 spins per atom) coupled ferromagnetically. The gain in magnetic energy promotes the close-packed structures (for n=3 and 4) or small distortions into somewhat more open geometries (for n=5).
Metamaterial-Based Cylinders Used for Invisible Cloak Realization

Abstract : The realization of structures that do not scatter electromagnetic field, i.e. structures that appear invisible for EM waves is not a new concept. The possibility of a plane wave passing through some structure without distortions (i.e. with zero scattered field) has been investigated theoretically since 1960s (see e.g. [1]-[4]). Recently, the possibility of cloaking objects using a metamaterial cover has extensively been studied ([5]-[7]). In this approach, material has been used to render a volume effectively invisible to incident radiation, i.e. to squeeze space from a volume into a shell surrounding the concealment volume. Coordinate transformations that are used for cloak design do not influence the form of Maxwell s equations, but they affect permittivity and permeability tensors (ε and μ respectively), making the needed materials spatially varying and anisotropic. When viewed externally, the concealed volume and the cloak both appear to have the propagation properties of free space, i.e. they appear invisible to electromagnetic waves. The required anisotropy is supposed to be obtained by using metamaterials. The main realized outcomes of the project is the development of the program UniaxCloak that analyzes cylindrical and spherical cloaks made from the uniaxial materials. The program can fully characterize uniaxial cloaks, i.e. it calculates scattered width and total scattered width in a frequency range of interest. In the cylindrical case, the incident wave can have arbitrary angle of incidence. And we have made a detailed investigation of properties of cloaks that are made from uniaxial materials. In practice, such cloaks can be made from metamaterials, for example from split-ring periodic structures or periodic wire structures.
A Golgi PKD Activity Reporter Reveals a Crucial Role of PKD in Nocodazole‐Induced Golgi Dispersal

The protein kinase D (PKD) family comprises multifunctional serine/threonine‐specific protein kinases with three mammalian isoforms: PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3. A prominent PKD function is the regulation of basolateral‐targeted transport carrier fission from the trans‐Golgi network (TGN). To visualize site‐specific PKD activation at this organelle, we designed a molecular reporter consisting of a PKD‐specific substrate sequence fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), specifically targeted to the TGN via the p230 GRIP domain. Quantitative analyses using a phosphospecific antibody and ratiometric fluorescence imaging revealed that Golgi‐specific phosphorylation of the reporter was strictly dependent on stimulation of endogenous PKD or transient expression of active PKD constructs. Conversely, PKD‐specific pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA‐mediated PKD knockdown suppressed reporter phosphorylation. Using this reporter we investigated a potential role for PKD in the regulation of Golgi complex morphology. Interestingly, nocodazole‐induced Golgi complex break‐up and dispersal was associated with local PKD activation as measured by reporter phosphorylation and this was efficiently blocked by expression of a dominant‐negative PKD mutant or PKD depletion. Our data thus identify a novel link between PKD activity and the microtubule cytoskeleton, whereby Golgi complex integrity is regulated.